bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Recycling of Plastic Waste: Comparative Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Performances of Gasification- and Incineration-based Treatment for Lightweight Packaging Waste
Authors: Voss Raoul , Lee Roh Pin , Fröhling Magnus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chemical recycling (CR) – in enabling the use of plastic waste back as secondary carbon feedstock for production – could play a complementary role to mechanical recycling in supporting the transformation from a linear to a circular carbon economy. To date, research has predominantly focused on assessing technological aspects associated with CR of pure plastic waste streams. Little is known about its potential for treating low-quality and mixed plastic waste fractions which are unsuitable for conventional recycling and are currently incinerated. To address this gap, this investigation utilizes an integrated approach comprising of life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis to evaluate the environmental and economic performance of CR of lightweight packaging waste via waste gasification compared to direct and indirect incineration in Germany. Results show that CR can contribute significantly – irrespective of the energy mix – to reducing climate change, terrestrial acidification, and fossil resource scarcity. In terms of economic performance, findings suggest that while CR requires higher capital investment, a multi-pronged approach which encompasses upscaling, waiver of carbon dioxide certificate costs, and price premium for CR products could increase profitability of CR to incineration. This study provides empirical support for the potential contribution of CR to complement existing strategies to combat the plastic waste challenge, and insights into market conditions which could promote its economic attractiveness. Additionally, it provides comprehensive inventory data for conventional and alternative waste treatment plants for lightweight packaging waste to inform future research on systemic assessment of CR technologies and their contributions to a circular economy.
Clinical outcomes of sildenafil application in patients of poor endometrial development
Authors: Guo Meiling , Yan Yuchen , Lv Jianan , Xin Hua , Zhou Wei , Yu Na , Xia Mingdi , Li Jing , Zhang Qian , Yan Junhao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether sildenafil has an effect on pregnancy outcomes in patients with poor endometrial development.MethodsThis study included 472 infertility patients who underwentin vitrofertilization/intracytoplasmatic sperm injection and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-FET) and subsequently suffered from poor endometrial development during hormone replacement cycle (HRC) from April 2017 to July 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: the sildenafil group (n ​= ​88) and the control group (n ​= ​384). We analyzed endometrial thicknesses and types on endometrial transformation day, as well as pregnancy outcomes after FET (biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, early abortion, late abortion, and live birth rates) between the two groups.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, we found no significant differences in endometrial thicknesses and types on endometrial transformation day between the sildenafil group and the control group (0.79 ​± ​0.08 vs 0.81 ​± ​0.09,P ​= ​0.144; 79.76% vs83.87%,P ​= ​0.402). There were also no statistically significant differences in biochemical pregnancy rate (75.0% vs 76.8%,P ​= ​0.892), clinical pregnancy rate (59.09% vs 69.53%,P ​= ​0.087), early abortion rate (17.31% vs 14.61%,P ​= ​0.557), late abortion rate (3.85% vs 4.49%,P ​= ​0.859), or live birth rate (45.45% vs 55.47%,P ​= ​0.101) between the two groups. In subgroup analysis, the application of sildenafil was unable to improve endometrial thickness (group one: 0.80 ​± ​0.08 ​cm vs 0.82 ​± ​0.08 ​cm; group two:0.78 ​± ​0.08 ​cm vs 0.80 ​± ​0.10 ​cm; group three:0.75 ​± ​0.11 ​cm vs 0.77 ​± ​0.08 ​cm,p ​> ​0.05) and type endometrium on transformation day (group one: 78.57% vs 86.78%; group two: 80.65% vs 77.78%; group three: 81.82% vs 83.78%,p ​> ​0.05). Moreover, sildenafil use was not closely associated with clinical pregnancy outcomes, clinical pregnancy rate, early abortion rate, late abortion rate, and live birth rate (p ​> ​0.05).ConclusionsSildenafil did not benefit endometrial development and pregnancy outcomes in patients with poor endometrial development during the hormone replacement cycle.
Grafting Area Reduction in Peyronie’s Disease Surgery: Comparative Assessment Between Double Y Vs iGrafter APP Using 3D-Printed Penile Models
Authors: Tourchi Ali , Nascimento Bruno , de Freitas Miranda Alexandre , Miranda Eduardo , Bessa José , Nahas William C. , Filho Rogério Sayão , Srougi Miguel , Machado Bruno 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe use of plaque incision and graft techniques (PIG) for the treatment of severe Peyronie’s disease (PD), may lead to erectile dysfunction (ED); graft size is 1 of the contributing factors for post-PIG ED. Recently the iGrafter software APP was introduced using a mathematical algorithm to distribute the incisions along the penile length resulting in a smaller grafting area.AimCompare 2 PIG techniques, the Double-Y(DY) and iGrafter, in 3 main aspects: (i) Total grafting area; (ii) The variation in calculating the grafting to be used; (iii) time to perform the PIG.MethodsSix urologists with expertise in sexual medicine performed both techniques twice using four 3-D validated training models for PD with a standard 60° uniplanar dorsal curvature.OutcomesThe graft areas and operative partial and total time for each step of the operation were recorded for each procedure. Unpaired t-test and the coefficient of variation for graft area across surgeons was calculated comparing both techniques.ResultsFor all surgeons, the use of iGrafter resulted in 2 grafts, for the DY technique in 1 graft. Overall, TT for the iGrafter was significantly longer than for DY technique (49.4 ± 11 vs 40.7 ± 5.7 minute; P = .02), The iGrafter grafting area was significantly smaller (11.6 ± 1.2 vs 23.3 ± 5.4 cm2; P: .01), representing a 50.2% area reduction when compared to the DY. The variation of graft area, using the iGrafter also yielded a more consistent graft across all surgeons (CV = 10.56% vs 23.28%).Clinical SignificanceThe iGrafter, when compared to DY technique, reduced the graft area by 50%, which potentially means less erectile dysfunction.Strengths and LimitationsOur study eliminates anatomical variations found in a real clinical case making it possible to compare surgical techniques with the same penile anatomy. However, the 3D-printed model cannot replicate the living human tissue property preventing a simulation close to actual surgery.ConclusionThe use of the iGrafter software for PIG surgery has shown to be a promising technique for severe PD management resulting in smaller graft size (about 50% smaller when compared to the DY), although it might be more time-consuming.
Enhanced resting-state EEG source functional connectivity within the default mode and reward-salience networks in internet gaming disorder
Authors: Lee Ji-Yoon , Choi Chi-Hyun , Park Minkyung , Park Sunyoung , Choi Jung-Seok 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe two key mechanisms affected by internet gaming disorder (IGD) are cognitive and reward processing. Despite their significance, little is known about neurophysiological features as determined using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) source functional connectivity (FC).MethodsWe compared resting-state EEG source FC within the default mode network (DMN) and reward/salience network (RSN) between patients with IGD and healthy controls (HCs) to identify neurophysiological markers associated with cognitive and reward processing. A total of 158 young male adults (79 patients with IGD and 79 HCs) were included, and the source FC of the DMN and RSN in five spectral bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) were assessed.ResultsPatients with IGD showed increased theta, alpha, and beta connectivity within the DMN between the orbitofrontal cortex and parietal regions compared with HCs. In terms of RSN, patients with IGD exhibited elevated alpha and beta connectivity between the anterior cingulate gyrus and temporal regions compared with HCs. Furthermore, patients with IGD showed negative correlations between the severity of IGD symptoms and/or weekly gaming time and theta and alpha connectivity within the DMN and theta, alpha, and beta connectivity within the RSN. However, the duration of IGD was not associated with EEG source FC.ConclusionsHyper-connectivities within the DMN and RSN may be considered potential state markers associated with symptom severity and gaming time in IGD.
The efficacy of cariprazine on cognition: a post hoc analysis from phase II/III clinical trials in bipolar mania, bipolar depression, and schizophrenia
Authors: McIntyre Roger S. , Daniel David G. , Vieta Eduard , Laszlovszky István , Goetghebeur Pascal J. , Earley Willie R. , Patel Mehul D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cariprazine on cognitive symptom change across bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia.MethodsPost hoc analyses of 3- to 8-week pivotal studies in bipolar I depression and mania were conducted; one schizophrenia trial including the Cognitive Drug Research System attention battery was also analyzed. Outcomes of interest: Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS], Functioning Assessment Short Test [FAST], Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS]). LSMDs in change from baseline to end of study were reported in the overall intent-to-treat population and in patient subsets with specified levels of baseline cognitive symptoms or performance.ResultsIn patients with bipolar depression and at least mild cognitive symptoms, LSMDs were statistically significant for cariprazine vs placebo on MADRS item 6 (3 studies; 1.5 mg=−0.5 [P<.001]; 3 mg/d=−0.2 [P<.05]) and on the FAST Cognitive subscale (1 study; 1.5 mg/d=−1.4; P=.0039). In patients with bipolar mania and at least mild cognitive symptoms, the LSMD in PANSS Cognitive subscale score was statistically significant for cariprazine vs placebo (3 studies; −2.1; P=.001). In patients with schizophrenia and high cognitive impairment, improvement in power of attention was observed for cariprazine 3 mg/d vs placebo (P=.0080), but not for cariprazine 6 mg/d; improvement in continuity of attention was observed for cariprazine 3 mg/d (P=.0012) and 6 mg/d (P=.0073).ConclusionThese post hoc analyses provide preliminary evidence of greater improvements for cariprazine vs placebo across cognitive measures in patients with bipolar I depression and mania, and schizophrenia, suggesting potential benefits for cariprazine in treating cognitive symptoms.
Nutritional content, protein quantity, protein quality and carbon footprint of plant-based drinks and semi-skimmed milk in the Netherlands and Europe
Authors: Singh-Povel Cécile M , van Gool Martine P , Gual Rojas Ana Paulina , Bragt Marjolijn CE , Kleinnijenhuis Anne J , Hettinga Kasper A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:To compare the nutritional composition of bovine milk and several plant-based drinks with a focus on protein and essential amino acid content and to determine the ratio of essential amino acids to greenhouse gas emission.Design:Nutritional information on the label was extracted for semi-skimmed milk, soy, oat, almond, coconut and rice drink from the Innova database between January 2017 and March 2020 for the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy and Sweden. Protein and amino acids were measured and carbon footprint was calculated for a selection of Dutch products. Protein quality was determined by calculating the contribution to the WHO essential amino acids requirements.Setting:The bovine milk and plant-based drinks market in Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy and Sweden.Participants:Semi-skimmed bovine milk and soy, oat, almond, coconut and rice drink.Results:Nutritional label information was collected for 399 products. Milk naturally contains many micronutrients, e.g. vitamin B2, B12 and Ca. Approximately 50 % of the regular plant-based drinks was fortified with Ca, whereas the organic plant-based drinks were mostly unfortified. Protein quantity and quality were highest in milk. Soy drink had the best protein quality to carbon footprint ratio and milk came second.Conclusions:The nutrition – climate change balance presented in this study, is in line with previous literature, which shows that semi-skimmed bovine milk and fortified soy drink deserve a place in a sustainable diet.
Teaching Latin language and Roman culture as a journey from present to past: an action research project at a secondary classroom
Authors: Gheorghe Amalia-Elena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate whether, by activities designed as a journey from present to past, students will gain an in-depth knowledge of Roman culture and civilisation, proving interest in them, and a better understanding of the contemporaneity and the community they are living in. Latin language and Roman culture are the basis of the European culture, and this subject is often perceived by students as useless, currently, because Latin is a dead language and Roman culture seems to be too far from their reality. I believe that it is necessary for students to have knowledge of the Latin language and Roman culture not only to know what was before them, but also to gain a better understanding of the world in which they live through the studying of this subject.
Parameters Controlling the Eruption Frequency of Long‐Lived Felsic Magmatic Systems: An Example From the Milos Volcanic Field (Greece)
Authors: Zhou Xiaolong , Kuiper Klaudia , Wijbrans Jan , Vroon Pieter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mechanism controlling the volcanic eruption frequency is yet poorly understood. The key to a better understanding this mechanism comes from integrating accurate geochronology with numerical models. In many silicic volcanic systems, the eruption frequency is studied for short timescales of <500 kyr. Here, we combine two published numerical models (Caricchi et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2041; Degruyter & Huber, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.047) to improve our understanding of the eruption frequency in a long‐lived (>3 Ma) felsic magmatic system, the Milos volcanic field. We use the published Milos geochronological data as input into the Caricchi et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2041) model to derive average magma supply rates (Qav) and eruptible volumes. These two parameters are then used in the Degruyter and Huber (2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.047) model to compute the chamber growth rate (Gmc) for the Milos magmatic system. The results of the Caricchi et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2041) model indicate that the time intervals between magma pulses into the subvolcanic reservoir (ti) and Qav are the key parameters controlling the eruption frequency. During the time intervals of 1.48–1.04 and 0.97–0.63 Ma the ti is longer than 1000 years and the volcanic quiescence periods are longer than 350 kyr. Furthermore, these periods are characterized by low values for Qav (≤0.001 km3 · yr−1) and Gmc (<0.0001 km3 · yr−1). In contrast, during the time intervals of 2.0–1.5 and 0.60–0.06 Ma, the ti is shorter (<0.5 kyr) and the values for Qav (>0.001 km3 · yr−1) are higher corresponding to frequent eruptions.
Where Is Region 1 Field‐Aligned Current Generated?
Authors: Ebihara Yusuke , Tanaka Takashi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate generation regions of the Region 1 field‐aligned currents (FACs) by using global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation for steady and purely southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Unlike conventional means, we consider Alfvén traveling time and background motion of plasma. We trace “packets,” which are supposed to carry the perturbations associated with FACs, backward in time from the ionosphere. The following criteria are used to identify generation regions. (a) Conversion between field‐aligned and field‐perpendicular currents takes place (as required from current continuity). (b) Plasma performs negative work against the magnetic tension force (as required from energy conservation). (c) Rate of change in FACs is nonzero (as required from Ampère's and Faraday's laws). Flank (low‐latitude) magnetopause is identified to be a major generator region, in which solar wind‐originated plasma pulls the newly reconnected magnetic field lines. Magnetosphere‐originated plasma, which is indirectly pulled by the solar wind‐originated plasma, also participates in the generation. The involvement of the reconnection can explain the general dependence on the southward IMF. The generation of Region 1 FACs is associated with field‐aligned gradient of space charge ∇||(∇⋅E), where E is the electric field, but the contribution from the term (∇2E)|| is also significant because of curved magnetic field lines. The flank generator can reasonably explain the latitudinal and the longitudinal extensions of the Region 1 FACs because of the finite travel time of the Alfvén waves under convective motion. The generation region is located apart from the instantaneous magnetic field lines extending from the ionosphere.
New Magnetic Anomaly Constraints on the Antarctic Crust
Authors: Kim H. R. , Golynsky A. V. , Golynsky D. A. , Yu H. , von Frese R. R. B. , Hong J. K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Antarctic Digital Magnetic Anomaly Project’s first‐generation magnetic anomaly map (ADMAP‐1) was produced for the region south of 60°S from about 1.5 million line‐kms of airborne and marine magnetic anomaly data (Golynsky et al., 2001; https://www.bas.ac.uk/data/our‐data/maps/thematic‐maps/admap‐magnetic‐anomaly‐map‐of‐the‐antarctic/). The second‐generation ADMAP‐2 compilation (Golynsky et al., 2017; https://doi.org/10.22663/ADMAP.V2) incorporated an additional roughly 2.0 million line‐kms of airborne and marine magnetic anomaly data from international mapping through 2015. The present study integrates satellite magnetic observations from the Swarm mission with the near‐surface data of ADMAP‐2 to help fill the regional coverage gaps and better define the altitude behavior of the Antarctic's magnetic anomalies for enhanced geological analysis. The resulting satellite magnetic data‐supplemented compilation, ADMAP‐2s, yields further constraints on the enigmatic geology of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, Prince Charles Mountains, Wilkes Land, Dronning Maud Land, and other poorly explored Antarctic areas. It offers insights on the global tectonic processes and crustal properties of the Antarctic and helps to unify disparate geologic and geophysical studies by linking widely separated outcrops. It also supports studies on the geological controls of the Antarctic ice sheet, the crustal transitions between Antarctica and the adjacent oceans, and the geodynamic evolution of the Gondwana and Rodinia supercontinents.
PI3K-regulated Glycine N-methyltransferase is required for the development of prostate cancer
Authors: Zabala-Letona Amaia , Arruabarrena-Aristorena Amaia , Fernandez-Ruiz Sonia , Viera Cristina , Carlevaris Onintza , Ercilla Amaia , Mendizabal Isabel , Martin Teresa , Macchia Alice , Camacho Laura , Pujana-Vaquerizo Mikel , Sanchez-Mosquera Pilar , Torrano Verónica , Martin-Martin Natalia , Zuniga-Garcia Patricia , Castillo-Martin Mireia , Ugalde-Olano Aitziber , Loizaga-Iriarte Ana , Unda Miguel , Mato Jose M. , Berra Edurne , Martinez-Chantar Maria L. , Carracedo Arkaitz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlycine N-Methyltransferase (GNMT) is a metabolic enzyme that integrates metabolism and epigenetic regulation. The product of GNMT, sarcosine, has been proposed as a prostate cancer biomarker. This enzyme is predominantly expressed in the liver, brain, pancreas, and prostate tissue, where it exhibits distinct regulation. Whereas genetic alterations in GNMT have been associated to prostate cancer risk, its causal contribution to the development of this disease is limited to cell line-based studies and correlative human analyses. Here we integrate human studies, genetic mouse modeling, and cellular systems to characterize the regulation and function of GNMT in prostate cancer. We report that this enzyme is repressed upon activation of the oncogenic Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which adds complexity to its reported dependency on androgen signaling. Importantly, we demonstrate that expression of GNMT is required for the onset of invasive prostate cancer in a genetic mouse model. Altogether, our results provide further support of the heavy oncogenic signal-dependent regulation of GNMT in prostate cancer.
The mechanism underlying extrapulmonary complications of the coronavirus disease 2019 and its therapeutic implication
Authors: Ning Qin , Wu Di , Wang Xiaojing , Xi Dong , Chen Tao , Chen Guang , Wang Hongwu , Lu Huiling , Wang Ming , Zhu Lin , Hu Junjian , Liu Tingting , Ma Ke , Han Meifang , Luo Xiaoping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that poses a major threat to global public health. Although COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, causing severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe cases, it can also result in multiple extrapulmonary complications. The pathogenesis of extrapulmonary damage in patients with COVID-19 is probably multifactorial, involving both the direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 and the indirect mechanisms associated with the host inflammatory response. Recognition of features and pathogenesis of extrapulmonary complications has clinical implications for identifying disease progression and designing therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19 from immunological and pathophysiologic perspectives and focuses on the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for the management of COVID-19.
Numb-PRRL promotes TGF-β1- and EGF-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sheng Weiwei , Tang Jingtong , Cao Rongxian , Shi Xiaoyang , Ma Yuteng , Dong Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIsoform-specific functions of Numb in the development of cancers, especially in the initiation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains controversial. We study the specific function of Numb-PRRL isoform in activated EMT of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC), which is distinguished from our previous studies that only focused on the total Numb protein. Numb-PRRL isoform was specifically overexpressed and silenced in PC cells combining with TGF-β1 and EGF stimulus. We systematically explored the potential effect of Numb-PRRL in the activated EMT of PC in vitro and in vivo. The total Numb protein was overexpressed in the normal pancreatic duct and well-differentiated PC by IHC. However, Numb-PRRS isoform but not Numb-PRRL showed dominant expression in PC tissues. Numb-PRRL overexpression promoted TGF-β1-induced EMT in PANC-1 and Miapaca-2 cells. TGF-β1-induced EMT-like cell morphology, cell invasion, and migration were enhanced in Numb-PRRL overexpressing groups following the increase of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Smad2/3, Snail1, Snail2, and cleaved-Notch1 and the decrease of E-cadherin. Numb-PRRL overexpression activated TGFβ1-Smad2/3-Snail1 signaling was significantly reversed by the Notch1 inhibitor RO4929097. Conversely, Numb-PRRL silencing inhibited EGF-induced EMT in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells following the activation of EGFR-ERK/MAPK signaling via phosphorylating EGFR at tyrosine 1045. In vivo, Numb-PRRL overexpression or silencing promoted or inhibited subcutaneous tumor size and distant liver metastases via regulating EMT and Snail signaling, respectively. Numb-PRRL promotes TGF-β1- and EGF-induced EMT in PC by regulating TGF-β1-Smad2/3-Snail and EGF-induced EGFR-ERK/MAPK signaling.