bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowerment and its divergent influence over mass and alternative tourism
Authors: Li Xiangping , Boley B. Bynum , Yang Fiona X. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResident attitude research often combines heterogenous types of tourism together asking residents to evaluate support for all types of tourism rather than parsing out the intricacies associated with different types of tourism. This study deviates by applying Weber's Theory of Formal and Substantive Rationality (WTFSR) to compare the divergent effects of both economic and non‐economic factors on residents' support for two forms of tourism development: mass and alternative tourism (gaming and cultural tourism in Macao in this case). Findings suggest economic benefits and psychological empowerment lead to support for both gaming and cultural tourism development with the effect of economic benefits more prominent over support for gaming tourism, and psychological empowerment more influential over support for cultural tourism. In addition, social empowerment is only significant in predicting support for gaming tourism while political empowerment predicts neither. Findings also suggest economic benefits appear to be an antecedent to psychological, social and political empowerment.
Effect of sodium‐zinc EDTA and sodium gluconate as electrolyte additives on corrosion and discharge behavior of Mg as anode for air battery
Authors: Qu Jun‐e , Luo Hongqin , Liu Zhanxiang , Wang Hairen , Chen Yuwei , Yang Lixia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe corrosion inhibiting performance of EDTA‐ZnNa2 and C6H11NaO7 for pure magnesium in a 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte was investigated through electrochemical tests and surface microanalysis. And their effect on discharge behavior of Mg anode used for air battery was evaluated through constant‐current discharging tests. The inhibition performance varied with different additive concentrations and the maximum inhibition efficiency values were obtained as 87.11% and 77.70% by using 0.005 M EDTA‐ZnNa2 and 0.01 M C6H11NaO7, respectively. Both the presence of 0.005 M EDTA‐ZnNa2 and 0.01 M C6H11NaO7 in electrolyte improved the battery performance, especially under a smaller discharging current. The discharge platform time was extended from 15.66 to 22.57 h and 20.04 h by adding EDTA‐ZnNa2 and C6H11NaO7 at discharging current density of 2 mA cm−2 respectively, accompanied by a negligible battery voltage drop of about 20 mV. In the case of EDTA‐ZnNa2, zinc hydroxide formed by the dissociated zinc ions cooperated with magnesium hydroxide and organic adsorption film for corrosion inhibition. Therefore, by using it a more pronounced discharge performance was achieved than C6H11NaO7.
Healable, Recyclable, and High‐Stretchable Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer Based on Synergistic Effects of Multiple Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Liu Wei‐Xiu , Liu Dan , Xiao Yi , Zou Mei , Shi Ling‐Yin , Yang Ke‐Ke , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is one of the preferred materials for researchers to design smart flexible sensors or devices due to its excellent chain flexibility as well as the unique features of transparency, nontoxicity, and biocompatibility. To fulfill the requirement of the service safety and long‐term application, the development of healable PDMS‐based substrates is booming. However, it is still a big challenge to develop PDMS elastomers with good healing performance, high strength, high stretchability, and high toughness simultaneously. Herein, a healable, recyclable, and highly stretchable PDMS‐based elastomer is prepared by incorporating different supramolecular interactions including π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding into the matrix. This elastomer is fabricated via a one‐pot polycondensation reaction among bis(3‐aminopropyl)‐terminated PDMS , functional monomer pyrene diol and 1,6‐diisocyanatohexane. The mechanical properties and self‐healing properties can be easily tuned by varying the density of π–π stacking to hydrogen bonding. The resultant elastomer exhibits very high strength and high stretchability with a fracture strength of 7.46 MPa and fracture strain of 2174%, and it achieves nearly complete self‐healing (96%) at 110 °C for 1 h.
Improved fluorescent Listeria spp. biosensors for analysis of antimicrobials by flow cytometry
Authors: Reich Sebastian J. , Stohr Jonas , Goldbeck Oliver , Fendrich Bastian , Crauwels Peter , Riedel Christian U. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe global increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms requires the identification and characterization of novel antimicrobials. Bacterial biosensors expressing fluorescent proteins such as pHluorin variants are suitable for high‐throughput screenings. Here, we present Listeria spp. pH‐sensitive biosensors with improved fluorescence for single‐cell analysis of antimicrobials by flow cytometry.
Substrate availability and toxicity shape the structure of microbial communities engaged in metabolic division of labor
Authors: Wang Miaoxiao , Chen Xiaoli , Tang Yue‐Qin , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao‐Lei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetabolic division of labor (MDOL) represents a widespread natural phenomenon, whereby a complex metabolic pathway is shared between different strains within a community in a mutually beneficial manner. However, little is known about how the composition of such a microbial community is regulated. We hypothesized that when degradation of an organic compound is carried out via MDOL, the concentration and toxicity of the substrate modulate the benefit allocation between the two microbial populations, thus affecting the structure of this community. We tested this hypothesis by combining modeling with experiments using a synthetic consortium. Our modeling analysis suggests that the proportion of the population executing the first metabolic step can be simply estimated by Monod‐like formulas governed by substrate concentration and toxicity. Our model and the proposed formula were able to quantitatively predict the structure of our synthetic consortium. Further analysis demonstrates that our rule is also applicable in estimating community structures in spatially structured environments. Together, our work clearly demonstrates that the structure of MDOL communities can be quantitatively predicted using available information on environmental factors, thus providing novel insights into how to manage artificial microbial systems for the wide application of the bioindustry.
A compact design of a wideband millimeter‐wave Butler matrix using integrated passive device technology
Authors: Lee Cheong‐Min , Chi Jung‐Geun , Yook Jong‐Min , Kim Young‐Joon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study presents a compact, wideband, 4 × 4 Butler matrix using a two‐metal‐layer thin‐film process for millimeter (mm)‐wave 5G radio applications. Size reduction techniques are thoroughly discussed for size and performance optimization. A size‐reduced quadrature coupler is designed with coplanar waveguide based length‐reduced branch lines using capacitive loading effect from the ground bridges. A compact crossover is designed for a return loss of 20 dB or more with negligible crosstalk over a wide frequency range. The circuit components are arranged in an optimized space, allowing negligible coupling between nearby elements. The Butler matrix is fabricated on a quartz substrate at the center frequency of 28 GHz. The fractional bandwidth is 15.4% at a 15‐dB return loss and insertion loss is measured in the range of 7.8–8.7 dB at the center frequency. The size of the core circuit is 3.375 × 2.100 , which corresponds to 0.469 × 0.292 .
A novel end‐to‐end deep learning solution for coronary artery segmentation from CCTA
Authors: Dong Caixia , Xu Songhua , Li Zongfang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeCoronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) plays a vital role in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, among which automatic coronary artery segmentation (CAS) serves as one of the most challenging tasks. To computationally assist the task, this paper proposes a novel end‐to‐end deep learning‐based (DL) solution for automatic CAS.MethodsInspired by the Di‐Vnet network, a fully automatic multistage DL solution is proposed. The new solution aims to preserve the integrity of blood vessels in terms of both their shape details and continuity. The solution is developed using 338 CCTA cases, among which 133 cases (33865 axial images) have their ground‐truth cardiac masks pre‐annotated and 205 cases (53365 axial images) have their ground‐truth coronary artery (CA) masks pre‐annotated. The solution's accuracy is measured using dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95th percentile Hausdorff Distance (95% HD), Recall, and Precision scores for CAS.ResultsThe proposed solution attains 90.29% in DSC, 2.11 mm in 95% HD, 97.02% in Recall, and 92.17% in Precision, respectively, which consumes 0.112 s per image and 30 s per case on average. Such performance of our method is superior to other state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods.ConclusionsThe novel DL solution is able to automatically learn to perform CAS in an end‐to‐end fashion, attaining a high accuracy, efficiency and robustness simultaneously.
Wasserstoffperoxid: Funktioniert nach wie vor
Authors: Glenneberg Jürgen , Offermanns Heribert , Schlosser Hermann 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDie Basischemikalie Wasserstoffperoxid wird seit mehr als hundert Jahren im industriellen Maßstab hergestellt. Inzwischen dient H2O2 dazu, Propylen zu Propylenoxid für Polyurethan‐Vorprodukte zu oxidieren – mit Katalysator und mit Wasser als Nebenprodukt.
Effect of single doses of citalopram and reboxetine on urethral pressure: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and active‐controlled three‐period crossover study in healthy women
Authors: Christoffersen Thea , Kornholt Jonatan , Riis Troels , Sonne Jesper , Sonne David P. , Klarskov Niels 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsUrethral closure function is essential for urinary continence in women and decreased urethral pressure is associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). For decades, the effects of serotonergic drugs on central neural control of urethral closure have been investigated and discussed. Epidemiological studies suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as citalopram, is associated with SUI. However, the literature findings are conflicting. This study aimed to evaluate citalopram's effect on opening urethral pressure (OUP) in healthy women.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and active‐controlled crossover study in 24 healthy women. On three study days, which were separated by 8 days of washout, the subjects received single doses of either 40 mg citalopram (and placeboreboxetine), 8 mg reboxetine (and placebocitalopram), or two placebos. Study drugs were administered at a 1‐h interval due to a difference in estimated time to peak plasma concentration (tmax). We measured OUP with urethral pressure reflectometry under both resting and squeezing conditions of the pelvic floor at estimated tmax for both study drugs (one timepoint).ResultsCompared to placebo, citalopram increased OUP by 6.6 cmH20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–13.1, p = 0.048) in resting condition. In squeezing condition, OUP increased by 7.1 cmH20 (95% CI: 1.3–12.9, p = 0.01). Reboxetine increased OUP by 30.0 cmH20 in resting condition compared to placebo (95% CI: 23.5–36.5, p < 0.001), and 27.0 cmH20 (95% CI: 21.2–32.8, p < 0.001) in squeezing condition.ConclusionCitalopram increased OUP slightly compared to placebo suggesting that SSRI treatment does not induce or aggravate SUI.
Functionalized biomaterials based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan as a vehicle for controlled release of cabreuva essential oil
Authors: Lamarra Javier , Rivero Sandra , Pinotti Adriana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a biodegradable and semicrystalline polymer composed of vinyl monomer –(CH2–CHOH)n− units, combines different advantages such as biodegradability, good mechanical, and adhesive properties, among others. The essential oils (EOs) are volatile secondary metabolites of plants, and consist of terpenes and sesquiterpenes of low water solubility; therefore, encapsulation through the formation of micro and nanoemulsions is an effective approach to overcome this drawback. The formulation of PVA‐based nanocomposites loaded with emulsions of chitosan and cabreuva essential oil (Myrocarpus fastigiatus) was proposed. Nanocomposites were prepared by varying the PVA:emulsion ratio (PVA:Em3:2, 1:1, and 2:3) using 0.125% w/v sodium citrate as a cross‐linking agent. The presence of emulsions produced microstructural changes at the crystallinity level, an effect that was observed more clearly in the sample with the highest emulsion content and was supported by DSC, XRD, and ATR‐FTIR. Also, the influence of chitosan in the nanocomposite PVA:Em was studied by XRD, DSC, DMA, and TGA. The controlled release profile of the PVA:Em 1:1 nanocomposite in media with equivalent quantities of PBS and ethanol led to the highest release of the active compound, fitting the experimental data satisfactorily with the Gallagher and Corrigan model.
“The pandemic of distance learning”: How Arab high school students see online‐learning during Covid‐19
Authors: Alhazmi Ahmed Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEmergency transition to online due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in schooling. There is a dearth of information on the perception of Arab high school students and parents regarding the negative effects of online learning during Covid‐19. Qualitative analysis of data from a multisite ethnographic‐centered study collected in nine Arab countries. Data presented are only the ones recorded from students and parents. Raw data were abstracted using a mind‐mapping software and coded using words. The perceived negative effects of students and parents on several aspects of the transition to online learning such as the needed technical adjustments, impact on parents, perceptions of learning online versus face to face, pedagogical drawbacks, and psychological effects are described and discussed in light of results of previous studies. In spite of cultural differences, Arab high school students and parents face the same challenges and difficulties reported in other parts of the world. The overarching theme that emerges both for parents and children is the perceived superiority of face‐to‐face learning in the structured environment of the school for a more holistic learning and socialization experience of students and for better long‐term outcomes.
T cells and liver fibrosis
Authors: Sun Ruonan , Xiang Zheng , Wu Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLiver fibrosis develops from the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the liver caused by chronic liver inflammation or various chronic injuries, and it eventually develops into liver cirrhosis. The process of liver fibrosis is closely related to the immune response, and increasing evidence reveals the role of T lymphocytes, including Th1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T cells, and mucosa‐associated invariant T cells, in liver fibrosis. These immune cells play antifibrotic or profibrotic roles during fibrosis, and the reversal of fibrosis by targeting immune cells has attracted widespread attention. Activation of hepatic stellate cells, which form the core of fibrosis, is regulated by various immune mediators, including various immune cells and their associated cytokines. Therefore, the mechanism of action elicited by each cell type must be further elucidated to provide a basis for the design of new therapeutic targets. The purpose of this review is to summarize the roles and mechanisms of T lymphocytes and their subsets in liver fibrosis and highlight the biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets associated with these cells.
Endothelins and liver cirrhosis
Authors: Örmeci Necati 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEndothelins are a family of 21‐amino acid oligopeptides, called endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), endothelin‐2 (ET‐2), and endothelin 3 (ET‐3). Endothelins act on hepatocytes, liver endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells in a paracrine or autocrine manner through two G protein‐coated receptors, called endothelin A and B receptors, which are mainly located in interlobular veins, interlobular artery endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). ET B receptor (ETBR)‐1 is responsible for the induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, resulting in nitric oxide release and vasodilatation, whereas ETBR‐2 is located on HSCs and is responsible for vasoconstriction. Endothelins are not stored in the organs. Approximately 20% of endothelins are secreted into the circulation system, and are rapidly cleared by the lungs, liver, heart, and kidneys. As a potent vasoconstrictor, endothelins may have a key role for the treatment of hypertensive vascular diseases, inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic diseases. By clearing ET‐1 from the circulation, endothelin A receptor (ETAR) antagonists can reduce intraportal vascular resistance by dilatating the portal vein, reducing the contraction of HSCs, increasing the diameter of sinusoids, facilitating the regression of liver fibrosis, and restoring liver parenchyma. ET‐1 induces nitric oxide synthase and upregulates cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA levels, making it a key factor during the onset of fibrosis and in the prognosis of patient outcomes. Endothelins can be used to treat porto‐pulmonary hypertension, portal hypertension, angiogenesis, and liver fibrosis and have been approved for the treatment of porto‐pulmonary hypertension. Endothelins are produced on mesangial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelium, and renal collecting tubes in high amounts. Activation of ETAR supports the progression of kidney diseases, whereas activation of ETBR has protective effects on the kidneys. ET‐1 plays an important role in normal cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelins are closely associated with severe systemic hypertension, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Dual ET receptor antagonists reduce blood pressure, but have several side effects, including liver toxicity, acute liver failure, accumulation of salt and water, testicular toxicity, headache, and teratogenicity. Liver enzymes should be checked in all patients who have received ET receptor antagonists, and women of childbearing years should use contraception.
Preparation and Performance of ANPyO/Emulsion Explosive Composite Energetic System
Authors: He Zhiwei , Li Yuanyuan , Yu Yikang , Xu Chuanhao , Zhu Wenyu , Ge Yuqiang , Cheng Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndustrial explosives with a low detonation velocity serve as the core‐driven energy source for explosive cladding, but have a limited pressure output. A composite energetic system containing high‐energy explosives/emulsion explosives can overcome this limitation. Accordingly, the search for high‐energy explosives with intrinsic safety features is key to achieving such systems. Therefore, in this study, 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyridine‐1‐oxide (ANPyO) with high‐energy‐insensitivity characteristics was selected as the energetic agent to prepare a composite energetic system with an ANPyO/emulsion explosive, and its safety and energy release effects were systematically studied. The experimental results showed that the content of ANPyO had a “linear” relationship with the apparent density of the developed composite energetic system, and had little effect on its impact and friction safety (the explosion probability was less than 10 %). In addition, the introduction of ANPyO did not have a significant impact on the detonation velocity of the composite energetic system, with an average detonation velocity of 2650 m ⋅ s−1. However, it did effectively improve the pressure output of the composite system. The peak pressure increased by 23.69 % from 27.27 kPa to 33.73 kPa, while the boosting rate increased by 88.09 % from 1256.68 kPa ⋅ s−1 to 2363.70 kPa ⋅ s−1. The improvement in the pressure output endowed the ANPyO/emulsion explosive composite energetic system with excellent work capacity, enabling T2/Q235 to compound well during explosive cladding. The above studies prove that this system can effectively maintain the relationship between the safety and energy output, positively contributing toward the development of explosive cladding technology.
Ex situ soil washing to remove PFAS adsorbed to soils from source zones
Authors: Quinnan Joseph , Morrell Colin , Nagle Nathan , Maynard Ken G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article presents the results of an Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) demonstration conducted at Eielson Air Force Base in Fairbanks, Alaska: Ex situ soil washing to remove per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) adsorbed to soils from source zones. The ESTCP project information can be found here: https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Environmental-Restoration/Risk-Assessment/ER20-5258. The final report is expected to be published in September 2022. The objective of the project was to demonstrate and validate soil washing as a cost‐effective mass removal technology that can be applied to treat soil in source zones impacted by PFAS. The approach focused on the treatment of coarse soil fractions (sand and gravel) and separation of fines (silt/clay) for potential treatment by other means such as landfilling, thermal desorption, or stabilization. The goal was to optimize the treatment process to minimize wastes requiring more expensive treatment so that the cost would be competitive with landfilling in the continental United State. The treatment process was designed and optimized at the bench‐scale and demonstrated at the field‐scale by conducting a treatment trial at the Eielson Air Force Base using a mobile soil washing plant. Approximately 180 tons of PFAS‐contaminated soil was treated with untreated perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations ranging from 4.5 to 560 μg/kg. The technology was validated by measuring PFAS mass removal efficiencies based on soil concentrations of PFAS compounds measured via Department of Defense Quality Standards Manual 5.3 Table B‐14 and PFAS leachate concentrations as measured by synthetic precipitation leaching procedure testing. PFAS concentrations in treated soils were compared to Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation soil screening levels for the migration to groundwater pathway through leaching for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), PFOS, and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). PFAS concentrations in soil leachate were compared to US Environmental Protection Agency groundwater screening criteria for PFOA, PFOS, and PFBS. The results of the treatability testing and pilot tests confirmed that coarse grained sand and gravel were successfully treated to meet performance goals and the fines were segregated for alternative treatment. The benefit of the waste minimization approach is that more cost‐effective means can be applied to treat most of the impacted soil volume while limiting expensive residuals disposal or more expensive means of treatment such as incineration or thermal desorption. Treated soils can be beneficially reused on‐site and fines could also be stabilized to meet leaching‐based standards, as an alternative to off‐site disposal or treatment. This flexible approach allows one to tailor the combined remedy strategy to meet clients' objectives and risk tolerance through a sustainable, least‐cost remedial approach.