bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ СИМУЛЯТОРЫ В ЗАДАЧАХ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ШТАНГОВЫХ ГЛУБИННО-НАСОСНЫХ УСТАНОВОК
Authors: Зюзев Анатолий Михайлович , Текле Самуэль Исаак 
Published: January 2022

Ссылка для цитирования: Зюзев А.М., Текле С.И. Динамические симуляторы в задачах диагностики штанговых глубинно-насосных установок // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2022. – Т. 333. – № 1. – С.168-177.
Актуальность. Эффективность работы штанговых глубинно-насосных установок во многом зависит от качества системы мониторинга и диагностики неисправностей агрегата. Когда штанговый насос эксплуатируется в критических рабочих состояниях, частота отказов оборудования увеличивается, а эффективность производства снижается. Кроме того, поскольку штанговый насос работает глубоко под землей, затраты на его ремонт и обслуживание весьма высокие, а добыча при этом прерывается на длительное время. Следовательно, улучшение системы мониторинга и диагностики работы штангового насоса является важной задачей. Информация о рабочем состоянии штангового насоса отражается в динамограмме усилий в подвеске колонны штанг и в диаграмме мгновенной мощности двигателя – ваттдиаграмме. Мониторинг штангового насоса с использованием кривой мощности двигателя более эффективен, чем динамометрирование, так как его можно использовать для оценки состояния как наземного, так и подземного оборудования. Кроме того, диаграмма мощности двигателя, в отличие от динамограммы, получается с помощью более простых и надежных средств измерений тока и напряжения. Таким образом, диаграмму мощности двигателя можно признать лучшим альтернативным методом для разработки оперативных систем мониторинга и диагностики для штанговых насосных установок. Основная цель: рассмотреть проблемы построения диагностических моделей с использованием диаграммы мощности двигателя штанговых глубинно-насосных установок. Объекты: электропривод, штанговая насосная установка, нефтедобывающая скважина. Методы: имитационное моделирование; метод извлечения признаков, который создает вектор признаков для уникального представления каждого рабочего состояния – метод опорных векторов. Результаты. Проанализированы 72 расчётных диаграммы мощности двигателя, представляющие шесть рабочих состояний, а именно: нормальное рабочее состояние; утечка всасывающего клапана; воздействие газа; недостаточная подача жидкости; низкая и высокая посадка плунжера. Показано, что вектор признаков, построенный на основе оценки мощности в момент переключения клапанов, уникально представляет каждое рабочее состояние. Также было замечено, что метод опорных векторов правильно классифицирует образцы в нормальном режиме работы штанговых глубинно-насосных установок, утечки во впускном клапане и заполнение насоса газом. Однако некоторые образцы с недостаточной подачей жидкости были ошибочно классифицированы как заполнение насоса газом или нормальные.
Message from the Editor in Chief
Authors: Laborda Jesus Garcia 
Published: January 2022

Dear reader,
We are delighted to publish Volume 11, number 2 of the Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching. This issue aimed to factor in the various aspects of language teaching and learning, as well as factors that affect the process. As such, the reviewers considered aspects such as the mental health of students, the COVID-19 pandemic effects on learning, innovative methods of teaching, and culture .
With regards to the aim of this publication, six (6) papers were selected from Algeria, Iran, Portugal and United Kingdom. The selected papers include the following ;“Improving the attendance rate of students with mental disabilities in language teaching: A case study of Japanese”; “Facebook as a learning platform in Algeria during the COVID-19 pandemic”; “Portuguese as a foreign language textbooks: Framing the discourses on the teaching and learning of writing”; “Integrating culture in teaching literary texts and cultural taboos: Foreign language students’ perceptions and attitudes”; “Watching English movies and proficiency development: Advanced learners’ perceptions and strategies”; “Meeting business students’ English language needs in the Algerian tertiary education”.
We are pleased to present to our readers this high-standard publication. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all the contributors of this issue. Dear reader, enjoy reading!!
Best Regards,
Jesus Garcia Laborda, University of Alcala, Spain,
Editor-in-chief.
The 1-Year Economic Impact of Work Productivity Loss Following Severe Lower Extremity Trauma
Authors: Levy Joseph F. , Reider Lisa , Scharfstein Daniel O. , Pollak Andrew N. , Morshed Saam , Firoozabadi Reza , Archer Kristin R. , Gary Joshua L. , O’Toole Robert V. , Castillo Renan C. , Quinnan Stephen M. , Kempton Laurence B. , Jones Clifford B. , Bosse Michael J. , MacKenzie Ellen J. ,   METRC
Published: January 2022

Background:
Severe lower extremity trauma among working-age adults is highly consequential for returning to work; however, the economic impact attributed to injury has not been fully quantified. The purpose of this study was to examine work and productivity loss during the year following lower extremity trauma and to calculate the economic losses associated with lost employment, lost work time (absenteeism), and productivity loss while at work (presenteeism).

Methods:
This is an analysis of data collected prospectively across 3 multicenter studies of lower extremity trauma outcomes in the United States. Data were used to construct a Markov model that accumulated hours lost over time due to lost employment, absenteeism, and presenteeism among patients from 18 to 64 years old who were working prior to their injury. Average U.S. wages were used to calculate economic loss overall and by sociodemographic and injury subgroups.

Results:
Of 857 patients working prior to injury, 47.2% had returned to work at 1 year. The average number of productive hours of work lost was 1,758.8/person, representing 84.6% of expected annual productive hours. Of the hours lost, 1,542.3 (87.7%) were due to working no hours or lost employment, 71.1 (4.0%) were due to missed hours after having returned, and 145.4 (8.3%) were due to decreased productivity while working. The 1-year economic loss due to injury totaled $64,427/patient (95% confidence interval [CI], $63,183 to $65,680). Of the 1,758.8 lost hours, approximately 88% were due to not being employed (working zero hours), 4% were due to absenteeism, and 8% were due to presenteeism. Total productivity loss was higher among older adults (≥40 years), men, those with a physically demanding job, and the most severe injuries (i.e., those leading to amputation as well as Gustilo type-IIIB tibial fractures and type-III pilon/ankle fractures).

Conclusions:
Patients with severe lower extremity trauma carry a substantial economic burden. The costs of lost productivity should be considered when evaluating outcomes.
Oyster shells, bulk carbonate sediment, and meteoric calcite cement as recorders of oceanic and radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr in mixed heterozoan carbonates and terrigenous sediment
Authors: Sælen Gunnar , Braga Juan Carlos , Sola Fernando 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Well-preserved oyster shells from mixed heterozoan carbonates and terrigenous sediments of Miocene age in the La Chanata area (southern Spain) show varying luminescence and covarying δ18O and δ13C compositions &gt; –2‰ VPDB. Temperature and salinity modeling based on the δ18O give temperatures ranging from 13 to 33 °C (average 22.4 °C) and normal-marine salinities (34–37 PSU). The isotopic compositions likely reflect environmental conditions during shell secretion; moreover, their identical intra-shell 87Sr/86Sr compositions (equal to or less than the analytical precision of 20 × 10–6) support a primary origin. Additional information from δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr compositions of Heterostegina foraminifera and sediment and cement samples show that: a) bulk sediment and cement samples that have significantly lower δ18O and δ13C values but 87Sr/86Sr values similar to the oyster shells likely derived their isotopic compositions from intraformational dissolution of high-Mg calcite and aragonite allochems in meteoric groundwaters, b) cement samples that have the lowest recorded δ18O and δ13C compositions (&lt; –6.5‰ VPDB) and highest 87Sr/86Sr ratios (&gt; 0.709198) record meteoric diagenesis where the strontium was derived mainly from weathering of the uplifted Alpujárride bedrock, whereas c) bulk sediment and Heterostegina foraminifera with intermediate 87Sr/86Sr values likely received their strontium from weathering of the surrounding bedrock as well as dissolution of intraformational carbonates and possibly overlying Messinian marls (now eroded). Oysters with intermediate 87Sr/86Sr ratios likely secreted their shell parts during transient salinity drops (down to 16 PSU) when rivers and submarine groundwater discharge supplied radiogenic strontium to the nearshore environment. Numerical age determination of sediment samples and oyster shells that have similar (within the analytical precision) 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate a late Tortonian age (8.1 Ma) of the La Chanata deposits.
Research on Mechanical Properties of U-Shaped Retractable Gangue Prevention Structure of Gob-Side Entry by Roof Cutting and Pressure Releasing in Deep Mining
Authors: Wang Fengnian , Yin Songyang , Huo Shusen , Tao Zhigang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent years, as a new type of gob-side entry retaining method, roadway automatically formed by roof cutting and pressure releasing (RAFRCPR) has been widely used in China. Under the condition of deep mining, the deformation of the gangue rib of the automatically formed gob-side entry retaining is difficult to control, and it is difficult for the traditional I-shaped steel to provide the needed support. To effectively control the deformation of the gangue rib, a new type of U-shaped retractable gangue prevention structure (URGPS) with high lateral support strength and axial compressible dynamic absorption energy is proposed. Based on the geological conditions of the 21304-working face in the Chengjiao coal mine in Henan, the mechanical characteristics of URGPS and the causes of its local instability are analyzed in detail employing theoretical analysis, laboratory tests, and numerical simulation. A reasonable bolt tightening force, overlap length, and lap combination form of the URGPS are determined according to the actual situation of the project site. Engineering practice shows that a URGPS that was applied to control the deformation of the gangue rib in deep roof-cutting roadway was effective.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Evenly Distributed Pore Pressure on Rock Damage
Authors: Zhao Xinglong , Huang Bingxiang , Chen Bin , Hou Mingxiao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effect of pore pressure on rock damage is a core problem in underground engineering. In this paper, the pseudotriaxial hydromechanical coupling experiment system is utilized to carry out the physical model experiment of the pore pressure on the rock damage, and the effect of evenly distributed pore pressure on rock strength and pore structure is analyzed. Compared with natural rock sample before the pore pressure effect, the uniaxial compressive strength is reduced by about 35.24%. Pore pressure decreases the strength of the rock and reduces its ability to resist deformation. The stress growth rate at the prepeak stage of the stress-strain curve for rock sample after pore pressure effect decreases. The peak strength decreases, and the strain corresponding to the peak stress increases. The plastic deformation characteristics of the sample are obvious. After the sample has macroscopically broken, the decline rate of postpeak stress slows down, and the residual strength decreases. The rock gradually changes from brittle failure mode to ductile failure mode. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test and comparison analysis, it is found that after the pore pressure effect, the surface of the rock sample becomes rougher. There are multiple pore and fissure concentrated areas in the rock sample. Compared with the sample before the pore pressure effect, the number of pores with an equivalent diameter in the range of 2 μm-3 μm increases significantly. The proportion has increased from 7.7% to 19.1%, and the number has increased from 1468 to 4454. A large number of small-sized pores (less than 3 μm) are generated in the rock sample after the pore pressure effect. Therefore, the overall pore content of the rock sample increases.
Velocity Structure and Deep Earthquakes beneath the Kinnaur, NW Himalaya: Constraints from Relocated Seismicity and Moment Tensor Analysis
Authors: Biswal Shubhasmita , Kumar Sushil , Priestley Keith , Mohanty W. K. , Parija Mahesh Prasad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The optimum 1D velocity model is calculated for the Kinnaur sector of the NW Himalaya utilizing the arrival time information of the local earthquakes (137 no.) recorded with 12 broadband seismic network within the azimuthal gap of ≤180°. This optimum 1D velocity model is a five-layer model and ranges from the surface to 90 km in the shallow mantle. P velocity varies from 5.5 km/s to 8.6 km/s in the crust and upper mantle, and S-wave velocity varies between 3.2 km/s and 4.9 km/s for the same range. When we relocated the earthquakes with the Joint Hypocenter Determination program incorporating the optimum 1D velocity model, it resulted in a lower RMS residual error of 0.23 s for the hypocenter locations compared to initial hypo71 locations. A total of 1274 P and 1272 S arrival times were utilized to compute station delays. We observed positive variations in P-station delays from -0.19 s below the PULG station to 0.11 s below the SRHN station. Similarly, for S-station delays, we observed negative delays at each individual site from -0.65 s at LOSR station to -0.16 s at the SRHN station. This large variation in P- and S-station delays corresponds to the 3D nature of the subsurface below the Kinnaur Himalaya. The relocated seismicity is clustered along the STD fault at sub-Moho and Moho depths ranging between 40 km and 80 km. The seismicity distribution aligned across the strike of the STD and along the strike of the Kaurik-Chango fault (KCF) can be attributed to the cross-fault interactions of the KCF and the STD fault in the area. We also observed bimodal depth distribution of seismicity in the Higher and Tethys Himalayas. The occurrence of earthquakes down to a depth of ~0-40 km and 50-80 km in the study area can be interpreted in terms of stress contribution from interseismic stress loading associated with the India-Eurasia collision tectonics. The presence of hypocentres in the shallow mantle at 120 km depth highlights the strength of the mantle, which seems to be deforming in a brittle manner below the region. The computed focal mechanisms exhibit generally the flexing of the Indian plate below the Lesser Himalaya with shear parallel to the strike of the MCT and extension orthogonal to it. This study shows deformation over the entire crust and shallow upper mantle levels, with differential stress conditions. Thus, we can consider the crust and the shallow upper mantle down to depths of 120 km to be seismogenic in nature and is capable of producing the microseismicity beneath the Kinnaur Himalaya.
Experimental Investigation of Phase Behavior of Condensate Gas and Crude Oil System in Underground Gas Storage
Authors: Tang Kang , Liao Xinwei , Min Zhongshun , Li Bin , Zhao Guoguang , Mahlalela Bhekumuzi Mgijimi , Li Jiehan , Wang Xiaochen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The phase behavior of reservoir fluids is crucial for the smooth operation of an underground gas storage (UGS). In this work, three experiments were conducted to investigate the phase behavior of condensate and crude oil systems within different development stages of gas storage in Bohai Bay Basin of eastern China. In stage 1, constant volume depletion (CVD) test was conducted to simulate the interaction of the original condensate gas-live oil system. In stage 2, the phase behavior of a series of mixtures of live oil with 47.5, 58.3, 69.9, and 77.4 mol% of condensate gas was studied by constant composition expansion (CCE) test. In stage 3, a new experiment was designed to study the mass transfer and phase behavior during cyclic injection-production process of the underground gas storage. The results from the CVD test describe the effect of each pressure stage on produced gas composition and equilibrium oil properties in the condensate crude oil system. The results of the CCE test indicate that condensate gas can expand the oil and improve the properties. The results of cyclic injection-production experiment demonstrate that the mass transfer in condensate gas and oil system is a dual mechanism of condensation and vaporization. With the increase of the cycle, the intermediate components of oil phase are enriched and the heavy components decreases. After four cycles, the oil and gas interphase mass transfer reaches dynamic equilibrium. In addition, test results show that multicycle operation is beneficial to improve the oil properties. This work is of great significance to understand the phase transition mechanism of underground gas storage, which provides a basis for other researchers to further update and improve the EOS model.
Influence of Wind-Generated Wave Action on Mountain Reservoir Bank Collapse: A Case Study at the Lancang River, Western China
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Meng Qingxiang , Zhang Faming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Slopes facing reservoir water often collapse, affecting reservoir capacity. It is important to understand the factors affecting such collapses and predict the locations of collapse after impoundment for practical purposes. However, the mechanism of bank collapse in mountainous areas after reservoir impoundment remains unclear. To address this issue, field geotechnical property surveys, laboratory tests, and numerical simulations were employed to evaluate bank collapse susceptibility. The results showed that (i) bank collapse mainly occurs in slopes with a small cohesion and internal friction angle of less than 30°; (ii) the main effects of wave action on bank collapse are scour, erosion, and cyclic impact on the bank slope: wave erosion occurs in the bank slope with a wave height of less than 1.0 m, cohesion of less than 90 kPa, and slope angle of less than 30°, and wave impaction mainly occurs at the area with a wave height of more than 2.0 m and a slope angle of more than 30°; (iii) for valley reservoirs, softening of water on the slope rock and soil mainly reduces cohesion, which commonly occurs within 30 days; the cyclic action of wave impact load mainly damages the structure and reduces the internal friction angle. The influence of waves on bank collapse is mainly related to the wave height and wave velocity. The antiwave impact broken energy of rock and soil is an important index to evaluate whether bank collapse occurs in the long term, which is related to the strength, structure, and impact resistance. The present research is helpful to better understand the mechanism and evolution process of reservoir bank collapse.
Prognostic factors in patients with septic disseminated intravascular coagulation treated with thrombomodulin: the effect of reduced thrombomodulin dose; a single-center, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Nishita Yoshihiro , Taga Masatoshi , Sakurai Masaru , Iinuma Yoshitsugu , Masauji Togen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Human soluble recombinant thrombomodulin (TM alfa), a treatment for septic Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), is recommended for patients with severe renal dysfunction in reduced doses. However, no studies have examined yet how dose reduction affects clinical efficacy. In this study, we investigated the significance of the TM alfa dose as a prognostic factor in clarifying the clinical background factors related to the clinical effect of TM alfa in patients with septic DIC.Methods: This study involved 102 patients with septic DIC admitted to a single-center intensive care unit between April 2013 and March 2020, receiving TM alfa. The following factors were retrospectively collected from the medical records of the target patients: (1) patient background, (2) sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, (3) Japanese Association for Acute Medicine DIC diagnostic criteria score, (4) DIC treatment information, (5) TM alfa dose per bodyweight (normal dose: 0.06 mg/kg or reduced dose: 0.02 mg/kg), (6) DIC resolution within 7 days after the start of TM alfa administration (DIC resolution), (7) all deaths within 30 days after the start of TM alfa administration (30-days-all-cause mortality), (8) presence or absence of new hemorrhagic side effects after the start of TM alfa administration. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with DIC resolution and 30-days-all-cause mortality.Results: The SOFA score (odds ratio: 95% confidence interval, 0.76: 0.66–0.89), pneumonia (0.24: 0.08–0.75), and reduced dose administration of TM alfa (0.23: 0.08–0.66) were independent of and negatively related to the DIC resolution. For the 30-days-all-cause mortality, the SOFA score (1.66: 1.31–2.09), pneumonia (9.50: 2.49–36.25), and TM alfa dose reduction (3.52: 1.06–11.69) were independent, poor prognostic factors. We found no association between the hemorrhagic side effects and the TM alfa dose per bodyweight.Conclusions: The reduced dose of TM alfa for patients with severe renal dysfunction was observed to be an influential factor for DIC resolution and 30-day all-cause mortality in addition to SOFA score and pneumonia. Further studies are required in the future to verify this finding.
Potential for the Use of Large Unstructured Data Resources by Public Innovation Support Institutions
Authors: Cetera Wiesław , Gogolek Wlodzimierz , Zolnierski Aleksander , Jaruga Dariusz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
IntroductionEffective programming of research and development (R&D) support, adjusted to the actual potential of beneficiaries, requires the use of modern analytical tools. Efficient R&D support system requires up-to-date data on technological trends, ongoing (and planning) research, market needs and developing innovationCase descriptionThe article presents the potential of one tool that can be applied in public support institutions. Methods of identifying and diagnosing technology trends are presented.Discussion and Evaluation The use of methods for refining information from unstructured data is one of the most effective methods for identifying and diagnosing areas requiring support from public funds. Public institutions, including public institutions supporting R&D and innovation processes, can apply tools that allow an increase in the quality of offered support programmes, but also beneficial for the excellence of strategic resources management within the institution itself.ConclusionsThe described tools and methods are already directly applicable in many areas related to the support of R&D activity worldwide. The article presents a solution that effectively enables the management of more precise programmes supporting innovative activities.