bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Lightweight Block Encryption Algorithm for Narrowband Internet of Things
Authors: zhao guosheng , chen huan , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the security of terminal data information in the application architecture of narrowband internet of things (NB-IOT), this paper proposes a lightweight block encryption algorithm SPNRX based on variant ARX (And-Rotate-XOR) structure and Substitute Permutation Network (SPN) structure. The proposed algorithm takes into account the unique security requirements of the NB-IOT terminal, such as simplifying the encryption process as far as possible, not too long encrypted data and high security level, and reduces the number of encryption rounds. It overcomes the shortcoming that half of the block information of ARX structure does not change during one round of encryption, so as to improve the diffusion speed. In addition, considering the security of keys and the cost of hardware implementation, a key schedule based on matrix transformation and P-box permutation is proposed. Through the security analysis of SPNRX algorithm, the analysis shows that SPNRX algorithm has resistance to differential analysis, linear analysis and so on. Finally, the hardware and software performance of SPNRX algorithm is tested. The experimental results show that the hardware implementation cost of the proposed algorithm is low, only 1093 GE based on 0.13 micron ASIC process is required. And the software implementation of the proposed algorithm performs well. The encryption and decryption of the proposed algorithm on the 64-bit processor takes about 0.763 milliseconds and 0.772 milliseconds. And it requires 41.06MB of memory resources. In addition, the security strength and encryption effect of the algorithm are tested through key sensitivity, information entropy, etc. The results show that the proposed algorithm has high enough security.
Stress responses in high-fidelity simulation versus standard simulation training among medical students
Authors: Barbadoro Pamela , Brunzini Agnese , Dolcini Jacopo , Formenti Luca , Luciani Aurora , Messi Daniele , Papetti Alessandra , Ponzio Elisa , Germani Michele , Group Starlab Working Collaborative , Adrario Erica 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Simulation has been recognized as a shift in health care education that can improve skills and patient safety and outcomes. High-fidelity simulation of critical medical situations can be a source of stress among participants that can interferes with students' abilities leading to unexpected emotional response. In the current study, we sought to evaluate stress responses during a session including a high-fidelity simulation dedicated to the management of an emergency and one performing a complex technique such as spinal tap, in a population of medical students during a session including high-fidelity simulation (HF) dedicated to the management of an emergency and one performing a complex technique such as spinal tap (ST).
Methods
A quasi-experimental before-after study was used including the administration of questionnaires before and after simulation, and biomarkers evaluation by salivary cortisol samples. A total of 148 students 148 were eligible and agreed to participate in the study. We used paired T-test for mean comparison regarding State-trait anxiety for both HF and ST simulations. For NASA-TLX we performed a T-test mean comparison between groups. We used paired T-test mean comparison for cortisol analysis in the HF simulation. Multivariable linear regression has been used to assess variables associated with AUCg
Results
values of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores were relatively higher at the end of the HF and ST simulation sessions. NASA task load index (NASA-TLX) was significantly higher at baseline for the high fidelity simulations, with respect to the ST simulation. Regarding HF simulation, a T-test for paired samples showed a statically significant difference between cortisol levels at 10 minutes after the start of the training and after 30 minutes from the simulation in both groups. Fold increase was similar in the two groups. Linear regression showed that cortisol AUCg was related to the STAI-Y score in both groups.
Conclusions
This work highlights how our students developed a stress response, testified by psychological and biological outputs more related to their personal attitude rather than complexity of simulated scenario. More studies are needed to confirm this trend and to clarify the role of simulated stress response in a long-term learning scenario.
Lotus tenuis biological nitrogen fixation and performance contribute to defining its strategic role in the Salado River Basin lowlands (Argentina)
Authors: Campestre María P , Antonelli Cristian J , Bailleres Matías A , Gortari Maximiliano , Maguire Vanina E. , Taboada Miguel A , RUIZ OSCAR ADOLFO 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims
: Forage production is a major challenge in the Salado River Basin, Argentina’s largest livestock raising area. The successful naturalization of the European legume Lotus tenuis has been of productive and environmental relevance to the region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the strategic contribution of L. tenuis, reporting for the first time the B value for this species in these marginal environments for agriculture.
Methods
The 15N natural abundance method was used to evaluate the BNF of L. tenuis in soil plots. Non-leguminous weed species in the same plots were utilized as reference plants. Simultaneously, evaluations were carried out in the greenhouse to determine the B value of L. tenuis and the relative reproducibility of the field experiments.
Results
The results showed that L. tenuis promotion was accompanied by an increase in forage quality, due to the predominance of this C3 legume species over C4 species. Moreover, its contribution to N inputs to the system through BNF with native rhizobia was about 80%, a highly relevant percentage for these constrained agroecosystems where the presence of legumes is very scarce.
Conclusions
This study supports the hypothesis that L. tenuis promotion plays a strategic role in ecosystem sustainability, especially in soil constrained areas. Together with previously published data, including information on ruminant management, the results contribute to supporting the idea that the naturalized legume plays a strategic role in the sustainability of marginal agricultural soils.
Aldosterone (dietary Na+ depletion) up-regulates NKCC1 expression and enhances electrogenic Cl- secretion in rat proximal colon
Authors: Nickerson Andrew J , Rajendran Vazhaikkurichi M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aldosterone markedly enhances K+ secretion throughout the colon, a mechanism critical to its role in maintaining overall K+ balance. Previous studies demonstrated that basolateral NKCC1 was up-regulated by aldosterone in the distal colon specifically to support K+ secretion – distinct from the more well-established role of NKCC1 in supporting luminal Cl− secretion. However, considerable segmental variability exists between proximal and distal ion transport processes, especially concerning their regulation by aldosterone. Furthermore, delineating such region-specific effects has important implications for the management of various gastrointestinal pathologies. Experiments were therefore designed to determine whether aldosterone similarly up-regulates NKCC1 in the proximal colon to support K+ secretion. Using dietary Na+ depletion as a model of secondary hyperaldosteronism in rats, we found that proximal colon NKCC1 expression was indeed enhanced by aldosterone (i.e., Na+ depletion). Surprisingly, electrogenic K+ secretion was not detectable by short-circuit current (ISC) measurements, in response to either basolateral bumetanide (NKCC1 inhibitor) or luminal Ba2+ (non-selective K+ channel blocker), despite enhanced K+ secretion in Na+-depleted rats, as measured by 86Rb+ fluxes. Expression of BK and IK channels was also found to be unaltered by dietary Na+ depletion. However, bumetanide-sensitive basal and agonist-stimulated Cl− secretion (ISC) were significantly enhanced by Na+ depletion, as was CFTR Cl− channel expression. These data suggest that NKCC1-dependent secretory pathways are differentially regulated by aldosterone in proximal and distal colon. Development of therapeutic strategies in treating pathologies related to aberrant colonic K+/Cl− transport – such as pseudo-obstruction or ulcerative colitis – may benefit from these findings.
Validation of the Italian version of Wisconsin Stone Quality Of Life (WISQOL). A prospective Italian Multicentric Study
Authors: Mazzon Giorgio , Serafin Emanuele , Ferretti Stefania , Claps Francesco , Zhong Wen , Fiori Cristian , Celentano Giuseppe , Guarino Giulio Gaetano , Zamengo Davide , Piasentin Andrea , Creta Massimiliano , Longo Nicola , Dordoni Roberta , Pavan Nicola , Brancelli Claudio , Cerruto Maria Angela , Antonelli Alessandro , Celia Antonio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE
Urolithiasis is a worldwide spread condition that affect patients’ Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), which measurement is an important tool for routinary clinical and research practice. Disease-specific HRQOL measures demonstrated to perform better in assessing effects of specific conditions. A disease-specific questionnaire for kidney stones, the WISQOL, has been validated in different language, but an Italian version is still missing. Our aim is to produce and validate the Italian version of WISQOL (IT-WISQOL).
METHODS
Patients undergoing any elective treatment for upper urinary tract stones were enrolled. A multi-step process with forward- and back-translation was used to translate WISQOL to Italian. Patients were evaluated within 15 days pre-operatively and then at 1-,3-months post-operatively and administered both IT-WISQOL and SF-36v2. Post-operative data such as 30 days post-operative complications, late stone-related events, stone free status, stone complexity were collected. Cronbach’s αwas used to evaluate internal consistency of IT-WISQOL, while Spearman’s rho was used for item and inter-domain correlations and IT-WISQOL with SF-36v2 correlation.
RESULTS
We found excellent internal consistency across all domains (α ≥ 0.88), particularly when the total score is considered (α = 0.960). Test–retest reliability showed excellent results for the total questionnaire (Pearson correlation value: 0.85). the Inter-domain association ranged from 0.497 to 0.786. Convergent validity was con­firmed by a good correlation with subdomains of the SF-36v2 measures.
CONCLUSION
IT-WISQOL is a reliable tool to measure HRQOL in stone patients. It shows analogue characteristics if compared to English WISQOL.
Relationships between processing speed and math fluency in children with ADHD: The mediating role of working memory
Authors: Lee Clara Shuk-ching 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

ADHD is associated with processing speed (PS) deficits and mathematic difficulties. However, the relationships between PS and mathematics in children with ADHD were understudied. The current study investigated the contributions of PS to math fluency (MF) and tested the mediating role of working memory (WM) in the relationships between PS and MF in children with ADHD. Seventy-eight third to fifth graders (ADHD children, n = 52; Typically developing children, n = 26) were tested on their PS (perceptual, graphomotor-cognitive, and phonological), MF, and WM using standardized measures. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that only graphomotor-cognitive PS significantly predicted MF in children with ADHD. Besides, mediation analyses revealed that graphomotor-cognitive PS had both direct and indirect effects via WM on MF. Although such results suggested that slow PS contributed to impaired WM, the current study is unable to determine the directionality of effects due to the nature of research design.
Factors associated with severity and anatomical distribution of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Uganda: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Vahwere Bienfait Mumbere , Ssebuufu Robinson , Namatovu Alice , Kyamanywa Patrick , Ntulume Ibrahim , Mugwano Isaac , Theophilus Pius , Sikakulya Franck Katembo , Okedi Francis Xaviour , Mulumba Yusuf , Jorge Soria , Agaba Gidio , Nasinyama George William 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a devastating complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with high mortality and morbidity including amputations of lower extremities; and a high economic burden especially in low-income countries like Uganda. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with severity of DFU and assess the anatomical distribution of DFU among patients in Uganda.
Methodology: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 7 selected referral hospitals in Uganda. 117 patients with DM type 1 and 2 and foot ulcers were enrolled for this study from January to March 2021. Using the Wagner classification, patients were categorized as less severe DFU (grade 1 and grade 2) and severe DFU for grade 3 and above. A pre tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 14 with significance at 95% and p-value of <0.05.
Results: Out of 117 patients with DFU, 70 (59.8%) had severe DFU and 47 (40.2%) had less severe DFU. Mean age in years was 57.5 (SD15.2) among all study participants in general. The right foot was affected in (47.9%) of cases and the most frequent ulcer was found on the plantar of the foot (44.4%). Majority of the patients had one ulcer (50.4%) and the most frequent ulcer size was >5 cm (47.9%). Majority (61.5%) of the participants were female. Majority of participants, 90 (76.9%) also had uncontrolled blood sugars and 27(29.1%) had normal glycemia
Severity of DFU was 3.4 more prevalent among patients with mild neuropathies (p=0.003), and 2.7 more prevalent for those with moderate neuropathies (p=0.005). Also, severity of DFU was 1.5 more prevalent in patients with an ulcer 5-10 cm of diameter (p=0.047) and 2.5 more prevalent in those with foot ulcer of more than 10 cm of diameter (p=.000).
Conclusion:The study showed that most of the DFU patients have severe diabetic foot ulcer and uncontrolled glycemia. Neuropathies and ulcers more than 5cm wide are precipitating factors to severity of DFU and, therefore, early management is important to reduce the burden of the disease.
Optimisation of osteosynthesis positioning in mandibular body fracture management using finite element analysis
Authors: Daqiq Omid , Roossien Charlotte Christina , Wubs Friederik Wilhelm , Bos Rudolf Robert Maria , Minnen Baucke van 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the applicability of finite element analysis (FEA) in Oral and Maxillofacial (OMF) surgery, by studying the effect of mandibular body height and osteosynthesis positioning on unilateral mandibular body fractures based on Champy’s technique. This proof of principle is a step towards developing a validated FEA simulation method that may be useful in the clinical setting for optimising mandibular fracture management. Methods Mandibles made of polyurethane foam (Synbone®), with heights of 18, 14, and 10 mm were used to create a FEA model with a unilateral straight-line fracture, fixated with a standard commercially available 6-hole 2 mm titanium miniplate (KLS Martin Group). Two different FEA programs were used for the comparison, namely: Solidworks and Comsol Multiphysics. The FEA outcomes were compared with a series of mechanical tests with polymeric models fixed in a customised device and loaded onto a mechanical test bench. Results First, the study illustrated that the optimal plate position appeared to be the upper border. Second, lower mandibular height increases instability and requires a stronger osteosynthesis system. Conclusion The FEA’s and polymeric model testing outcomes of unilateral non-comminuted fractures were highly comparable with current opinions of mandibular fracture management. FEA is an applicable tool in OMF surgery, as it can be used to predict the treatment outcome of mandibular fractures. The promising outcome of this study makes it worthwhile to do more extensive analysis in order to determine whether FEA alone is sufficient for optimisation of fracture management.
Trogocytosis of neurons and glial cells by microglia in healthy adult macaque retina
Authors: Goyal Megan , Bordt Andrea , Neitz Jay , Marshak David W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Microglial cells are the primary resident immune cells in the retina. In healthy adults, they are ramified; that is, they have extensive processes that move continually. In adult retinas, microglia maintain the normal structure and function of neurons and other glial cells, but the mechanism underlying this process is not well-understood. In the mouse hippocampus, microglia engulf small pieces of axons and presynaptic terminals via a process called trogocytosis. Here we report that microglia in the adult macaque retina also engulf pieces of neurons and glial cells, but not at sites of synapses. We analyzed microglia in a volume of serial, ultrathin sections of central macaque retina in which many neurons that ramify in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) had been reconstructed previously. We surveyed the IPL and identified the somas of microglia by their small size and scant cytoplasm. We then reconstructed the microglia and studied their interactions with other cells. We found that ramified microglia frequently ingested small pieces of each major type of inner retinal neuron and Müller glial cells via trogocytosis. There were a few instances where the interactions took place near synapses, but the synapses, themselves, were never engulfed. If trogocytosis by retinal microglia plays a role in synaptic remodeling, it was not apparent from the ultrastructure. Instead, we propose that trogocytosis enables these microglia to present antigens derived from normal inner retinal cells and, when activated, they would promote antigen-specific tolerance.
High Divergence of Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Hybridization Success in Two Allopatric Seven-spot Ladybug
Authors: REDJDAL Ahcene , SAHNOUNE Mohamed , MOALI Aïssa , BISEAU Jean-Christophe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The seven-spotted ladybug is a widespread species in the Palearctic, and also acclimated in the Nearctic. It has been classified into different species on the basis of certain morphological characteristics, the geographical origin, and the genitalia structure of both sexes. The morphotypes of North Africa and the Canary Islands are separated, under the name of Coccinella algerica Kovář, 1977, from the rest of the Palearctic and Nearctic populations of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758. In this study, we investigated, on one hand, whether potential reproductive barriers have been established during evolution between the geographically isolated North African and the European seven-spotted ladybugs by performing reciprocal crosses. On the other hand, we assessed their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) divergence by GC-MS. The 33 CHCs indentified are with a skeleton of 23 to 32 carbon atoms. These CHCs are linear alkanes (24.88 ± 3.60%) and methyl-branched alkanes (75.12 ± 3.59%) including monomethyl (48.84 ± 2.42), dimethyl (24.25 ± 4.01%) and trimethyl (2.03 ± 1.01%). Although all the CHC compounds identified are present in the two seven-spotted ladybugs and their F1 and F2 hybrids, their profiles diverged significantly. However, these chemical divergences have not altered the sexual communication to cause reproductive isolation. The two ladybugs interbreed and leave viable and fertile offspring, with even a heterosis effect on reproductive performances, without phenotypic degradation after the F1 generation. So, these chemical differences are just an intraspecific variability in response to heterogeneous environments. The two types of ladybugs can be considered as two different races of the same species with reduced genetic divergence.
GIS-Remote Sensing Based Approach in Assessing and Modeling Landslide Vulnerability Areas in Southeast Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Ayadiuno Romanus Udegbunam , Ndulue Dominic Chukwua , Mozie Arinze Tagbo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The study of landslides is essential in order to avoid hazards occurrence, or at least minimize the adverse effects it has on the environment, properties and human populations whenever it occurs. Identifying vulnerable areas, help in putting up measures to protect or avoid such areas which in a long way reduces the risk associated with the adverse effects of landslide. The study used primary and secondary data that consist of field observation, photographs and other literature from which the likely triggering factors of slope, land use land cover change (LULCC), aspect, soil texture and type, curvature, drainage density, elevation, lineament density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), geology, topographic wetness index (TWI), geomorphology, rainfall, temperature, wind speed, wind pressure, population, river channels and road network construction were extracted. The satellite imageries (SRTM and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS) data were obtained from USGS Earth Explorer, processed and modeled based on the triggering factors using ArcGIS v10.4, while visits were made to the various parts of the study area for validation and confirmation of results. Microsoft Excel 2007 was used to compute and assign weights to the triggering factors; experts’ knowledge was sought in regrouping the factors, while weighted overlay methods in the spatial analyst tool of ArcGIS v10.4 were applied to generate the model of landslide vulnerable areas in the study area. The study recommended among other things creating a regional body vested with powers and resources to effectively monitor the environment, providing alternative means of livelihood that will discourage mining, deforestation, forest fire, and overgrazing, and encourage sustainable resource use and management that will not expose the areas to the triggering factors of landslide.
Simulation and modelling of heavy metals and water quality parameters in the river
Authors: Poshtegal maryam khalilzadeh , Mirbagheri Seyed Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A one-dimensional qualitative model was created for this study's modelling and phase transfer of the heavy metal dissolved in the river. The advection-diffusion equation considers the environmental variables temperature (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) as influencing parameters on the change in the concentration of the dissolved phase of heavy metals lead, cadmium, and zinc in springtime and winter. Hec-Ras hydrodynamic model and Qual2kw qualitative model have been used to determine the hydrodynamic and environmental parameters in the created model. The approach of minimizing simulation errors and Vba coding was employed to identify the constant coefficients for these relations, and the linear relation incorporating all of the parameters is thought to be the final connection. In order to simulate and calculate the concentration of the heavy metals in the dissolved phase at each site, the kinetic coefficient of the reaction corresponding to that point should be employed because the kinetic coefficient of the reaction varies in different portions of the river. Additionally, if the above mentioned environmental parameters are used in the spring and winter term of advection-diffusion equations, the accuracy of the developed model significantly improves, and the effect of other qualitative parameters is negligible, indicating that the model is effective at simulating the dissolved phase of heavy metals in the river.