bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study on the clinical and pathological features of hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma: Fourteen cases of a rare tumor
Authors: Ma Shuoshuo , Li Chunshuang , Ma Yang , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Dengyong , Lu Zheng 
Published: August 2022

Hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare liver malignancy with atypical clinical symptoms and a high degree of malignancy. To improve the understanding of this disease, we collected the clinical and pathological data of 14 patients with hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from 2011 to 2021 and reviewed the relevant literature.
The clinical and pathological data of 14 patients with hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma were collected from the electronic medical record system of the 2 hospitals. All clinical data were independently reviewed by 2 clinicians, and all pathological data were independently reviewed by 2 pathologists. At the same time, we reviewed the related literature on hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma in Pubmed and CNKI.
This group of 14 patients, 10 males and 4 females, aged 50–77 years. The main symptoms of the patients were abdominal pain, bloating, anorexia, fatigue or weight loss in the upper abdomen, and 3 patients were asymptomatic. On imaging, hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma manifests as heterogeneous mass with irregular shape and unclear boundary, and computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced scan shows progressive or persistent heterogeneous enhancement, marginal enhancement or annular enhancement, and central necrosis. The pathological features of hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma are the proliferation of spindle cells and pleomorphic cells, which alternate with acinar cells.
Hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma is more common in middle-aged and elderly patients, especially men, and has no characteristic clinical manifestations. Imaging examination and B-ultrasound-guided liver biopsy + immunohistochemistry can help diagnose. Radical surgery is the preferred method for hepatic sarcomatoid carcinoma, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is expected to prolong patient survival.
A review of decision aids to assess cardiovascular risk
Authors: Westman Eric C. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality today. The major risk factors for cardiovascular disease include type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, tobacco smoking, elevated body mass index, and hyperlipidemia. The decision to use medication treatment for hyperlipidemia can be assisted using computerized decision tools.

Recent findings
The treatment of hyperlipidemia with 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors has become widely recommended even though most people treated with them do not get clinical benefit, and the magnitude of their effect is dependent upon prior clinical risk. This article reviews recent research about the effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and the use of decision-making tools to assist the clinician in advising patients about the use of these medications.

Summary
On-line decision tools are available to estimate cardiovascular risk and to assist clinicians in helping their patients make their own decision about whether to take HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor medication to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Characteristics of plaque lipid-associated macrophages and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Authors: Kim Kyeongdae , Park Sang-eun , Park Ji-su , Choi Jae-Hoon 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Recent findings from single-cell transcriptomic studies prompted us to revisit the role of plaque foamy macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we compared the gene expression profile of plaque foamy macrophages with those of other disease-associated macrophages and discussed their functions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Recent findings
To understand the phenotypes of macrophages in atherosclerotic aorta, many research groups performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and found that there are distinct phenotypic differences among intimal foamy, nonfoamy and adventitial macrophages. Especially, the plaque foamy macrophages express triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a key common feature of disease-associated macrophages in Alzheimer's disease, obesity, cirrhosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. These TREM2+ macrophages seem to be protective against chronic inflammation.

Summary
As the gene expression profile of plaque foamy macrophages is highly comparable to that of lipid-associated macrophages from obesity, we named the plaque foamy macrophages as plaque lipid-associated macrophages (PLAMs). PLAMs have a high level of gene expression related to phago/endocytosis, lysosome, lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Considering the protective function of lipid-associated macrophages against adipose tissue inflammation, PLAMs may suppress atherosclerotic inflammation by removing modified lipids and cell debris in the plaque.
Mechanisms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated cardiomyopathy: key roles for liver–heart crosstalk
Authors: Njoku Dolores B. , Schilling Joel D. , Finck Brian N. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a multisystem disease that affects not only the liver but also heart, pancreas, and kidney. We currently lack a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms responsible for the development of NASH-associated cardiomyopathy or the influence of sex on pathophysiology. There is a critical need to address these gaps in knowledge in order to accelerate translation of knowledge into clinical practice.

Recent findings
NASH and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors such as chronic inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Early cardiac dysfunction in NASH that is independent of obesity or other cardiometabolic risk factors suggests roles for liver–heart crosstalk in disease pathogenesis. Inflammation is a driving force in the pathogenesis of NASH, and it is likely that ‘spill over’ of NASH inflammation contributes to the development of cardiomyopathy. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate NASH-associated cardiomyopathy remain unclear because of inherent limitations of experimental models. Even so, recent studies implicate inflammatory, metabolic, and physiologic mechanisms that enhance our understanding of NASH-associated cardiomyopathy and the role of liver–heart crosstalk.

Summary
An innovative, detailed, and mechanistic understanding of NASH-associated cardiomyopathy is relevant to public health and will be fundamental for the comprehensive care of these patients.
Xanthomatous Giant Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Argani Pedram , Matoso Andres , Pallavajjalla Aparna , Haley Lisa , Tseh-Lin Ming , Ng Jessica , Chow C.W. , Lotan Tamara , Mehra Rohit 
Published: August 2022

Over the past decade, several distinct novel renal epithelial neoplasms driven by underlying tuberous sclerosis comples (TSC)/mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway mutations have been described. We report herein two distinctive TSC2-mutated renal cell carcinomas which do not fit any previously described entity. The two renal carcinomas occurred in young patients (ages 10 and 31 y), and were characterized by highly permeative growth within the kidney with metastases to perirenal lymph nodes. The neoplastic cells were predominantly large, multinucleated giant cells having variably eosinophilic to xanthomatous cytoplasm with basophilic stippling and frequent vacuolization. While the discohesive nature of the neoplastic cells, xanthomatous cytoplasm, immunoreactivity for histiocytic markers and minimal immunoreactivity for conventional epithelial markers raised the possibility of a histiocytic neoplasm, multifocal immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 20 helped establish their epithelial nature. Despite the aggressive growth pattern of these neoplasms and lymph node metastases, mitotic figures were rare and Ki-67 indices were low (<1%). One patient with follow-up shows no evidence of disease seven years after nephrectomy with no adjuvant therapy. Next-generation sequencing demonstrated TSC2 mutations in each case. By immunohistochemistry, downstream markers of mTOR pathway activation S6K1, 4EBP1, and glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B were all highly expressed in these neoplasms, suggesting mTOR pathway activation as the neoplastic driver. While the cytokeratin 20 immunoreactivity and focal basophilic cytoplasmic stippling suggest a relationship to eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma, and cytoplasmic vacuolization suggests a relationship to eosinophilic vacuolated tumor, these neoplasms appear to be distinctive given their permeative growth patterns and predominant xanthomatous giant cell morphology. Addition of cytokeratin 20 to a panel of epithelial markers helps avoid misdiagnosis in such cases.
Re-evaluation of Mirror Visual Feedback Therapy for a Systematic Evaluation/Meta-analysis of Physical Function Re-education After Stroke
Authors: Tan Xuefeng , Ding Zhimin , Guo Chenggen , Sun Pu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
To re-evaluate the methodological quality and quality of evidence for a systematic evaluation/meta-analysis of the effect of mirror visual feedback therapy on physical function re-education after stroke.

Methods
Systematic evaluations/meta-analyses of mirror visual feedback therapy on physical function re-education after stroke were searched in the China Knowledge Network database, Wanfang database, Vipers database, China Biomedical Literature database, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase using a computer, and the search time frame was up to January 2022. Methodological quality and quality of evidence ratings of the included studies were determined using the AMSTAR2 scale and GRADE classification by 2 authors.

Results
Seventeen publications were included. The evaluation with the AMSTAR2 scale showed that 1 study had an intermediate quality rating, 5 had a low-quality rating, and the remaining 11 were all very low quality. The GRADE scale showed 93 outcome indicators, of which 6 were intermediate, 23 were low grades, and the rest were very low grades, with low overall quality.

Conclusions
Mirror visual feedback therapy is efficacious for physical function re-education after stroke and promotes recovery from physical dysfunction, but the methodological quality and quality of evidence from the related systematic evaluations/meta-analyses are low.
Task-specific fear rather than general kinesiophobia assessment is associated with kinematic differences in chronic low back pain during lumbar flexion: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Imai Ryota , Imaoka Masakazu , Nakao Hidetoshi , Hida Mitsumasa , Fujii Ren , Shiba Takehiro , Nishigami Tomohiko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Kinematic data obtained during a movement task by individuals with chronic low back pain seem to be related to pain-related fear. General kinesiophobia assessments, such as Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, are often used to assess pain-related fear. However, these questionnaires could suffer from a lack of sensitivity and do not measure the fear of specific movements.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the task-specific assessment of pain-related fear exhibits a closer association with trunk kinematics during lumbar flexion compared with the general kinesiophobia in individuals with chronic low back pain.

Methods:
We assessed pain-related factors, task-specific fear, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11 scores of 51 company employees. The lumbar angle during a lumbar flexion task was recorded by 2 wireless Axivity Ax3 accelerometers attached to the subject's spinous process (L3) and sacral spine (S2). Only task-specific fear was evaluated after the lumbar flexion task. We calculated the maximum lumbar flexion angle (°) and the peak angular velocity of lumbar flexion/return from flexion (°/s2). We conducted a hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis to determine variance explained in lumbar flexion task performance by task-specific fear after controlling for demographic, pain, and general kinesiophobia.

Results:
The results showed that task-specific fear was associated with the peak angular velocity of lumbar return from flexion (R
2 adj. = 0.36, P < 0.01) and lumbar flexion (R
2 adj. = 0.3, P = 0.01).

Discussion:
Our results suggest that clinicians should consider the potential added value of task-specific fear assessment over the sole use of conventional kinesiophobia assessment.
Follow-up blood culture in Gram-negative bacilli bacteraemia: for whom is follow-up blood culture useful?
Authors: Giannella Maddalena , Pascale Renato , Viale Pierluigi 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this narrative review is to examine available evidence about the diagnostic yielding of the follow-up blood cultures (FU-BCs) in patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI), the predictors of persistent GN-BSI, and the impact of the performance of FU-BCs on patient management and clinical outcome.

Recent findings
The rate of persistent GN-BSI varies from 2.6% to 38.5%, with higher percentages in studies where FU-BCs were obtained from selected patients. Risk factors for persistent GN-BSI were analysed and prediction tools were proposed to guide physicians in the selection of patients. The impact of FU-BCs on patient management is still controversial as several authors have shown that this practice was associated with prolonged treatment duration and longer hospital stay. However, when adjusted for indication and survival bias, the performance of FU-BCs was a strong predictor of survival in large cohorts of hospitalized patients with GN-BSI. Favourable outcome seemed to be associated with higher rate of source control in GN-BSI patients managed with FU-BCs.

Summary
The practice of FU-BCs in patients with GN-BSI should be individualised balancing cost/benefit ratio. The use of risk scores could be useful in selecting patients for whom FU-BCs are appropriate.
Re-Aiming Equity Evaluation in Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Ingraham Nicholas E. , Jones Emma K. , King Samantha , Dries James , Phillips Michael , Loftus Tyler , Evans Heather L. , Melton Genevieve B. , Tignanelli Christopher J. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
We critically evaluated the surgical literature to explore the prevalence and describe how equity assessments occur when using clinical decision support systems.

Background:
Clinical decision support (CDS) systems are increasingly used to facilitate surgical care delivery. Despite formal recommendations to do so, equity evaluations are not routinely performed on CDS systems and underrepresented populations are at risk of harm and further health disparities. We explored surgical literature to determine frequency and rigor of CDS equity assessments and offer recommendations to improve CDS equity by appending existing frameworks.

Methods:
We performed a scoping review up to Augus 25, 2021 using PubMed and Google Scholar for the following search terms: clinical decision support, implementation, RE-AIM, Proctor, Proctor’s framework, equity, trauma, surgery, surgical. We identified 1415 citations and 229 abstracts met criteria for review. A total of 84 underwent full review after 145 were excluded if they did not assess outcomes of an electronic CDS tool or have a surgical use case.

Results:
Only 6% (5/84) of surgical CDS systems reported equity analyses, suggesting that current methods for optimizing equity in surgical CDS are inadequate. We propose revising the RE-AIM framework to include an Equity element (RE2-AIM) specifying that CDS foundational analyses and algorithms are performed or trained on balanced datasets with sociodemographic characteristics that accurately represent the CDS target population and are assessed by sensitivity analyses focused on vulnerable subpopulations.

Conclusion:
Current surgical CDS literature reports little with respect to equity. Revising the RE-AIM framework to include an Equity element (RE2-AIM) promotes the development and implementation of CDS systems that, at minimum, do not worsen healthcare disparities and possibly improve their generalizability.
Update on dermatomyositis
Authors: Tanboon Jantima , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
This review summarizes and comments on current knowledge in dermatomyositis.

Recent findings
The 2018 European Neuromuscular Centre classification of dermatomyositis has been challenging by the discovery of clinicopathological features associated with dermatomyositis-specific antibody (DMSA) that were not incorporated in the original criteria. These features include but may not be limited to the presence of perifascicular necrosis in anti-Mi-2 dermatomyositis; presence of diffuse nonperifascicular sarcoplasmic myxovirus resistance protein A expression in anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis; and dermatomyositis sine dermatitis in anti-NXP-2 dermatomyositis. Variations and subclassifications within the same DMSA subtypes are observed: anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis is clinically subcategorized into good, intermediate, and poor prognostic subgroups; concurrent anti-CCAR1 and anti-TIF1-γ positivity identify anti-TIF1-γ-positive patient with a lower risk for cancer-associated myositis. Owing to distinct IFN1-signaling pathway activation in dermatomyositis, JAK-STAT inhibitor – the pathway-targeted therapy, have been studied with promising results in refractory dermatomyositis and some new-onset dermatomyositis. In addition, the potential serum biomarkers for IFN1 pathway activation are being investigated for their performance in monitoring the disease activity and the efficacy of the treatment.

Summary
DMSA, evidence of prominent IFN1 pathway activation, and risk/severity-associated biomarkers would likely play major roles in future dermatomyositis classification, disease monitoring, and treatment decision.
Clinical studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dorst Johannes , Genge Angela 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to discuss the most important recent clinical studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including their impact on clinical practice, their methodology, and open questions to be addressed in the future.

Recent findings
This article focuses on studies, which provided either a positive primary endpoint or positive post hoc analysis, including edaravone, sodium phenylbutyrate–taurursodiol, rasagiline, tofersen, and high-caloric, fat-rich nutrition. It also covers recent developments in the design of clinical ALS studies with regard to inclusion criteria, stratification factors, and outcome parameters.

Summary
Recent clinical studies have indicated various substances to be considered for treatment of ALS. Edaravone has been approved by the US Food and Drug Association (FDA) but not by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and further studies testing oral formulations are currently conducted. A follow-up study with sodium phenylbutyrate–taurursodiol is ongoing, while follow-up studies for rasagiline and high-caloric, fat-rich nutrition are planned. A phase III study with tofersen was negative but nevertheless yielded promising results. Important developments regarding the design of clinical ALS studies include the implementation of neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels as a standard outcome parameter and the consideration of progression rate for therapeutic response and stratification.
When to choose ranked area integrals versus integrated gradient for explainable artificial intelligence – a comparison of algorithms
Authors: Singh Vinay , Konovalova Iuliia , Kar Arpan Kumar 
Published: August 2022

PurposeExplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has importance in several industrial applications. The study aims to provide a comparison of two important methods used for explainable AI algorithms.Design/methodology/approachIn this study multiple criteria has been used to compare between explainable Ranked Area Integrals (xRAI) and integrated gradient (IG) methods for the explainability of AI algorithms, based on a multimethod phase-wise analysis research design.FindingsThe theoretical part includes the comparison of frameworks of two methods. In contrast, the methods have been compared across five dimensions like functional, operational, usability, safety and validation, from a practical point of view.Research limitations/implicationsA comparison has been made by combining criteria from theoretical and practical points of view, which demonstrates tradeoffs in terms of choices for the user.Originality/valueOur results show that the xRAI method performs better from a theoretical point of view. However, the IG method shows a good result with both model accuracy and prediction quality.
Sarvaay Solutions – creating value innovation for farmers
Authors: Ghura Amarpreet Singh , Damani Bharat 
Published: August 2022

Learning outcomes
The case demonstrates the use of strategic management tools such as pros and cons analysis, SWOT analysis, strategy canvas, the four-action framework and the eliminate–reduce–raise–create grid to create a Blue Ocean.Through a discussion of the case, students will be able to:▪ conduct pros and cons analysis to objectively understand a situation;▪ conduct SWOT analysis to understand the internal and external ecosystem;▪ understand non-customers and paths to reach them;▪ demonstrate the role of strategy canvas and the four-action framework in designing a new offering; and▪ explain how to create a Blue Ocean market space, by implementing the concept of value innovation.

Case overview/synopsis
This case describes a situation in which Dr Vishal Sardeshpande (Sardeshpande), a first-generation entrepreneur in the agro and food processing industry, started Sarvaay Solutions to provide technological solutions for the sector, especially for the small/medium-sized farmer. Such farmers did not have access to technology and the markets to create value addition on their farm produce, and hence were at the mercy of the middlemen or the large farmers. After years of experimentation from 2006 till 2018, Sardeshpande made a resource-efficient jaggery manufacturing process (REJMP) in Pune to enable and empower the farmer to produce quality jaggery using their own sugarcane, which otherwise was sold to the middlemen. Sardeshpande knew the industry and was aware of the challenges faced by the farmers, traditional jaggery producers and cooperative farming bodies. In June 2022, while sitting in his house, Sardeshpande was struck with an idea that the key to success of REJMP is to empower farmers or traditional jaggery producers or cooperative farming bodies to create value from agriculture produce and wondered the way forward. The purpose of this case is to provide an opportunity for the participants to use management tools such as strategy canvas, four-action framework, Pros and Cons analysis and SWOT analysis to understand noncustomers and paths to reach them and understand new industry creation. Participants need to take into consideration the data given in the case and make realistic assumptions to understand how new industries are created.

Complexity academic level
The case engages the participants in deciding a suitable course of action for Sardeshpande to decide the Blue Ocean strategy. It helps them to delineate the challenges faced by an entrepreneur to select a route for the new market space.The case is ideal for undergraduate, postgraduate or executive education students and can be used in the following courses of a business management, agri business management or entrepreneurship programs:▪ creating new industries;▪ Blue Ocean strategy; and▪ strategic management.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.