bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuating fortunes: Stressor synchronicity and fluctuating intensity influence biological impacts
Authors: Ostrowski Andria , Connolly Rod M. , Brown Christopher J. , Sievers Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcosystems remain under enormous pressure from multiple anthropogenic stressors. Manipulative experiments evaluating stressor interactions and impacts mostly apply stressors under static conditions without considering how variable stressor intensity (i.e. fluctuations) and synchronicity (i.e. timing of fluctuations) affect biological responses. We ask how variable stressor intensity and synchronicity, and interaction type, can influence how multiple stressors affect seagrass. At the highest intensities, fluctuating stressors applied asynchronously reduced seagrass biomass 36% more than for static stressors, yet no such difference occurred for photosynthetic capacity. Testing three separate hypotheses to predict underlying drivers of differences in biological responses highlighted alternative modes of action dependent on how stressors fluctuated over time. Given that environmental conditions are constantly changing, assessing static stressors may lead to inaccurate predictions of cumulative effects. Translating multiple stressor experiments to the real world, therefore, requires considering variability in stressor intensity and the synchronicity of fluctuations.
Species alliances and hidden niche dimensions drive species clustering along a hydric gradient in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Martínez‐Blancas Alejandra , Belaustegui Ian Xul , Martorell Carlos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClustering of species with similar niches or traits occurs in communities, but the mechanisms behind this pattern are still unclear. In the emergent neutrality model, species with similar niches and competitive ability self‐organise into clusters. In the hidden‐niche model, unaccounted‐for niche differences stabilise coexistence within clusters. Finally, clustering may occur through alliances of species that facilitate each other. We tested these hypotheses using population‐growth models that consider interspecific interactions parameterised for 35 species using field data. We simulated the expected community dynamics under different species‐interaction scenarios. Interspecific competition was weaker within rather than between clusters, suggesting that differences in unmeasured niche axes stabilise coexistence within clusters. Direct facilitation did not drive clustering. In contrast, indirect facilitation seemingly promoted species alliances in clusters whose members suppressed common competitors in other clusters. Such alliances have been overlooked in the literature on clustering, but may arise easily when within cluster competition is weak.
Low‐cycle fatigue characteristics and fracture behavior of the die‐forged 2014 aircraft wheel
Authors: Shen Zhengjun , Yang Liuli , Deng Jichang , Zhu Yinyin , Su Yuchang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to provide a sufficient theoretical basis for the fatigue‐resistant design of the aircraft wheels, strain‐controlled low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were carried out on specimens machined in the extrusion direction (ED) and transverse direction (TD) of die‐forged 2014 aluminum alloy wheels. Although the TD specimens have lower tensile strength and yield strength, the fatigue test results show that the TD specimens have superior fatigue life compared with the ED specimens at total strain amplitudes of 0.5–0.8%. This is predominantly caused by the coarse Al12(MnSi)2(FeCu) intermetallic particles close to the surface layer, which results in a relatively short crack initiation stage for the ED specimens. In contrast, TD specimens with finer and more uniform recrystallized grains exhibit more excellent resistance to fatigue crack initiation (FCI) and propagation (FCP). Moreover, the fatigue life of alloys could be accurately predicted via a Manson–Coffin–Basquin (MCB) model based on total strain.
Power and its sources in the governance of global value chains: The Argentina–European Union biodiesel value chain
Authors: Staricco Juan Ignacio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper tackles the broader question of why inequality along global value chains (GVCs) tends to remain unchallenged despite the successful upgrading and insertion of firms operating in the world‐system's periphery. Because the reduction and reproduction of inequalities are both intimately connected to power relations along GVCs, such relations are at the core of my analysis. Conceptually, my theorization of power builds on recent work by Dallas, Ponte and Sturgeon, which has sought to more systematically theorize and account for the multidimensional nature of power, and complements it with key insights drawn from World‐Systems theory. Empirically, this paper analyses the biodiesel GVC between Argentina and the European Union, a case in which the successful economic upgrading and enhanced competitiveness of biodiesel producers in Argentina fail to overturn their subordinated position vis‐à‐vis European producers and traders.
Public participation in democracy, local accountability and happiness: Evidence from rural China
Authors: Liu Yongzheng , Wang Liyan , Ye Maoliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examines how an important reform of local governance—village democracy—in the world's most populous areas has affected the happiness of residents in rural China. We find that introducing elections per se has no significant impact. In comparison, direct nomination of local leaders by villagers, which is a form of competitive election involving a high degree of public participation in political decision making, leads to higher levels of happiness. Further mechanism analyses show that direct nomination improves the local accountability of elected leaders by boosting the quality and effort of village heads and their governance performance by lowering the tax burden of villagers and vitalizing local public services. Our results highlight the importance of public participation in democracy and the underlying role of local accountability in affecting the subjective well‐beings of citizens.
Applying Patient and Public Involvement in preclinical research: A co‐created scoping review
Authors: Carroll Pádraig , Dervan Adrian , Maher Anthony , McCarthy Ciarán , Woods Ian , Kavanagh Rachel , Beirne Cliff , Harte Geoff , O'Flynn Dónal , O'Connor Cian , McGuire Tara , Leahy Liam M. , Gonzalez Javier Gutierrez , Stasiewicz Martyna , Maughan Jack , Gouveia Pedro Jose , Murphy Paul J. , Quinlan John , Casey Sarah , Holton Alice , Smith Éimear , Moriarty Frank , O'Brien Fergal J. , Flood Michelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient and Public Involvement (PPI) in research aims to improve the quality, relevance and appropriateness of research. PPI has an established role in clinical research where there is evidence of benefit, and where policymakers and funders place continued emphasis on its inclusion. However, for preclinical research, PPI has not yet achieved the same level of integration. As more researchers, including our team, aim to include PPI in preclinical research, the development of an evidence‐based approach is important. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to identify and map studies where PPI has been used in preclinical research and develop principles that can be applied in other projects.MethodsA scoping review was conducted to search the literature in Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Web of Science Core Collection to identify applied examples of preclinical PPI. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction separately. Data were extracted relating to PPI in terms of (i) rationale and aims, (ii) approach used, (iii) benefits and challenges, (iv) impact and evaluation and (v) learning opportunities for preclinical PPI. Findings were reviewed collaboratively by PPI contributors and the research team to identify principles that could be applied to other projects.ResultsNine studies were included in the final review with the majority of included studies reporting PPI to improve the relevance of their research, using approaches such as PPI advisory panels and workshops. Researchers report several benefits and challenges, although evidence of formal evaluation is limited.ConclusionAlthough currently there are few examples of preclinical research studies reporting empirical PPI activity, their findings may support those aiming to use PPI in preclinical research. Through collaborative analysis of the scoping review findings, several principles were developed that may be useful for other preclinical researchers.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was conducted as part of a broader project aiming to develop an evidence base for preclinical PPI that draws on a 5‐year preclinical research programme focused on the development of advanced biomaterials for spinal cord repair as a case study. A PPI Advisory Panel comprising seriously injured rugby players, clinicians, preclinical researchers and PPI facilitators collaborated as co‐authors on the conceptualization, execution and writing of this review, including refining the findings into the set of principles reported here.
Progress of the social service professions in South Africa's developmental social welfare system: Social work, and child and youth care work
Authors: Gray Mel , Lombard Antoinette 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the progress of the social service professions delivering developmental social welfare in South Africa, a subject we have followed closely over the last 20 years. Being policy‐driven, developmental social welfare stemmed from expert social analyses that resulted in technically oriented solutions, including the broadening of social service professions. Twenty years on, it is hard to see developmental social welfare, as envisaged in government policy, in action, since the practice reality does not differ drastically from the prior apartheid system with the government's heavy reliance on social security as a poverty‐alleviation measure. The expanded social security budget has led to underfunded services and a crisis for social service professionals. This paper focuses on the regulated professions of social workers, and child and youth care workers. Our examination of critical issues for these occupational groups revealed that South Africa still has a long way to go in building a strong social service workforce.
The paradoxical role of radiation‐induced cGAS–STING signalling network in tumour immunity
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Zhang Han , Zhang Jiajia , Yang Mengdie , Zhu Mengqin , Yin Yuzhen , Fan Xin , Yu Fei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cyclic GMP–AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS–STING) pathway is an essential component of the innate immune system and is central to the identification of abnormal DNA leakage caused by ionising radiation (IR) damage. Cell‐intrinsic cGAS–STING initiation has been revealed to have tremendous potential for facilitating interferon synthesis and T‐cell priming. Targeting the cGAS–STING axis has been proposed as a strategy to improve radiosensitivity or enhance immunosurveillance. However, due to the complex biology of the irradiated tumour microenvironment and the extensive involvement of the cGAS–STING pathway in various physiological and pathological processes, many defects in this strategy limit the therapeutic effect. Here, we outline the molecular mechanisms by which IR activates the cGAS–STING pathway and analyse the dichotomous roles of the cGAS–STING pathway in modulating cancer immunity after radiotherapy (RT). Then, based on the crosstalk between the cGAS–STING pathway and other signalling events induced by IR, such as necroptosis, autophagy and other cellular effects, we discuss the immunomodulatory actions of the broad cGAS–STING signalling network in RT and their potential therapeutic applications. Finally, recent advances in combination therapeutic strategies targeting cGAS–STING in RT are explored.
The Toxoplasma plant‐like vacuolar compartment (PLVAC)
Authors: Stasic Andrew J. , Moreno Silvia N. J. , Carruthers Vern B. , Dou Zhicheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractToxoplasma gondii belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa and is an important cause of congenital disease and infection in immunocompromised patients. T. gondii shares several characteristics with plants including a nonphotosynthetic plastid termed apicoplast and a multivesicular organelle that was named the plant‐like vacuole (PLV) or vacuolar compartment (VAC). The name plant‐like vacuole was selected based on its resemblance in composition and function to plant vacuoles. The name VAC represents its general vacuolar characteristics. We will refer to the organelle as PLVAC in this review. New findings in recent years have revealed that the PLVAC represents the lysosomal compartment of T. gondii which has adapted peculiarities to fulfill specific Toxoplasma needs. In this review, we discuss the composition and functions of the PLVAC highlighting its roles in ion storage and homeostasis, endocytosis, exocytosis, and autophagy.
Sex reversal of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), a species with temperature‐dependent sex determination, in a seminatural environment
Authors: del Fresno Pamela S. , Garcia de Souza Javier R. , Colautti Darío C. , Yamamoto Yoji , Yokota Masashi , Strüssmann Carlos A. , Miranda Leandro A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examined the changes in sex ratios and sex reversal rates in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis that occur with the progression of the spawning season in a seminatural setting. Four groups of hatchery‐produced pejerrey larvae were stocked in floating cages in La Salada de Monasterio lake (Pampas region), a natural habitat of this species, and reared from hatching beyond gonadal sex determination with minimum human interference. Cage 1 was stocked at the beginning of the spring spawning season and the other cages were stocked with monthly delays until cage 4 in early summer. The genotypic (amhy+, XY/YY; amhy−, XX) and phenotypic (testis, male; ovary, female) sex ratios and proportions of genotype/phenotype mismatched individuals were estimated and their relation to water temperature and daylength during the experiment was analysed by generalized linear modelling. Water temperature varied between 11 and 30.5°C, and daylength duration between 11 h 22 min and 14 h 35 min. Sex genotyping revealed nearly balanced sex ratios of XY/YY (46%–49.1%) and XX (50.9%–54%) fish in cages 2–4 whereas the genotypic sex ratio in cage 1 was clearly biased towards XY/YY fish (60.6%). Phenotypic males ranged from 42% to 54.4% in cages 1–3. Cage 4, in turn, had significantly more phenotypic males (66%). The percentage of XX males (phenotypic male/genotypic female) was 23.1% in cage 1, decreased to a minimum of 5.4% in cage 2 and gradually increased in cages 3 and 4 to a maximum of 40.7% in the latter. The percentages of XY/YY females (phenotypic female/genotypic male) were highest in cage 1 (30%) and decreased progressively in the other cages to a significantly lower value (4.3%) in cage 4. These results generally support the findings of laboratory studies on the effect of temperature on the sex determination of this species and also provide novel evidence of a XX genotype‐specific masculinizing effect of short daylength.
Redundancy analysis, genome‐wide association studies and the pigmentation of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
Authors: Valette Théo , Leitwein Maëva , Lascaux Jean‐Marc , Desmarais Erick , Berrebi Patrick , Guinand Bruno 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe association of molecular variants with phenotypic variation is a main issue in biology, often tackled with genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS are challenging, with increasing, but still limited, use in evolutionary biology. We used redundancy analysis (RDA) as a complimentary ordination approach to single‐ and multitrait GWAS to explore the molecular basis of pigmentation variation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) belonging to wild populations impacted by hatchery fish. Based on 75,684 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers, RDA, single‐ and multitrait GWAS allowed the extraction of 337 independent colour patterning loci (CPLs) associated with trout pigmentation traits, such as the number of red and black spots on flanks. Collectively, these CPLs (i) mapped onto 35 out of 40 brown trout linkage groups indicating a polygenic genomic architecture of pigmentation, (ii) were found to be associated with 218 candidate genes, including 197 genes formerly mentioned in the literature associated to skin pigmentation, skin patterning, differentiation or structure notably in a close relative, the rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), and (iii) related to functions relevant to pigmentation variation (e.g., calcium‐ and ion‐binding, cell adhesion). Annotated CPLs include genes with well‐known pigmentation effects (e.g., PMEL, SLC45A2, SOX10), but also markers associated with genes formerly found expressed in rainbow or brown trout skins. RDA was also shown to be useful to investigate management issues, especially the dynamics of trout pigmentation submitted to several generations of hatchery introgression.
Time series canopy phenotyping enables the identification of genetic variants controlling dynamic phenotypes in soybean
Authors: Li Delin , Bai Dong , Tian Yu , Li Ying‐Hui , Zhao Chaosen , Wang Qi , Guo Shiyu , Gu Yongzhe , Luan Xiaoyan , Wang Ruizhen , Yang Jinliang , Hawkesford Malcolm J. , Schnable James C. , Jin Xiuliang , Qiu Li‐Juan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAdvances in plant phenotyping technologies are dramatically reducing the marginal costs of collecting multiple phenotypic measurements across several time points. Yet, most current approaches and best statistical practices implemented to link genetic and phenotypic variation in plants have been developed in an era of single‐time‐point data. Here, we used time‐series phenotypic data collected with an unmanned aircraft system for a large panel of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties to identify previously uncharacterized loci. Specifically, we focused on the dissection of canopy coverage (CC) variation from this rich data set. We also inferred the speed of canopy closure, an additional dimension of CC, from the time‐series data, as it may represent an important trait for weed control. Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) identified 35 loci exhibiting dynamic associations with CC across developmental stages. The time‐series data enabled the identification of 10 known flowering time and plant height quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected in previous studies of adult plants and the identification of novel QTLs influencing CC. These novel QTLs were disproportionately likely to act earlier in development, which may explain why they were missed in previous single‐time‐point studies. Moreover, this time‐series data set contributed to the high accuracy of the GWASs, which we evaluated by permutation tests, as evidenced by the repeated identification of loci across multiple time points. Two novel loci showed evidence of adaptive selection during domestication, with different genotypes/haplotypes favored in different geographic regions. In summary, the time‐series data, with soybean CC as an example, improved the accuracy and statistical power to dissect the genetic basis of traits and offered a promising opportunity for crop breeding with quantitative growth curves.
Self‐reported cognition in older adults with insomnia: Associations with sleep and domain specific cognition
Authors: Costa Amy N. , Curtis Ashley F. , Musich Madison , Guandique Alan A. , McCrae Christina S. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryPoor subjective evaluation of cognition and sleep are associated with cognitive decline in older adults. Relationships among self‐reported cognition, sleep, and cognitive domains remain unclear. We evaluated the interactive associations of objective cognition and subjective sleep with self‐reported cognition in older adults with insomnia. Fifty‐one older adults (Mage = 69.19, SD = 7.95) with insomnia completed 14 days of self‐reported cognition ratings (0‐very poor, 100‐very good), sleep (total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency), and daily cognitive tasks: Letter series (reasoning), word list delayed recall (verbal memory), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (attention/processing speed), and number copy (processing speed). Multiple regressions for each cognitive task determined whether average objective cognition or sleep were independently/interactively associated with average self‐reported cognition, controlling for age, education, and depression. The interaction between SDMT performance and TST was associated with self‐reported cognition. Specifically, the relationship between scores and self‐reported cognition was congruent in those with the shortest TST. Similarly, the interactions between SDMT and WASO, as well as sleep efficiency, were associated with self‐reported. Specifically, the relationship between scores and self‐reported cognition was congruent in those with longest and average WASO, as well as shortest and average sleep efficiency. The findings suggest, in an older adult population with insomnia, a congruent association exists between attention/processing speed and self‐reported cognition in those with worse subjective sleep (shorter TST, longer WASO, and lower SE). Insomnia symptoms should be taken into consideration when examining the relationship between objective cognition and self‐reported cognition.
Factors associated with insomnia symptoms: A cross‐sectional study during a Covid‐19 fully restrictive lockdown
Authors: Christodoulou Nausicaa , Bertrand Léa , Palagini Laura , Frija‐Masson Justine , d'Ortho Marie‐Pia , Lejoyeux Michel , Riemann Dieter , Maruani Julia , Geoffroy Pierre A. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryInsomnia is the most frequent sleep disorder and a public health concern that increased during the Covid 19 pandemic. Fully restrictive lockdowns during Covid are interesting periods to examine the impact of environmental and behavioural changes on the emergence of insomnia symptoms. In this cross‐sectional study we aimed to (1) determine the main factors associated with insomnia symptoms during a Covid‐19 fully restrictive lockdown examining the associated daily life alterations and (2) create a predictive model of insomnia symptoms. We used the data drawn from the “Covid‐RythmE” study that reached volunteers from the general French population through an online survey during the last 2 weeks of the 2 month full lockdown. Associations with insomnia symptoms were tested and significant associations were entered in a Backward Stepwise Logistic Regression (BSLR) to assess the best combination to classify individuals with or without insomnia symptoms. From the 1624 participants, 50.64% suffered from mild to severe insomnia symptoms as assessed by the ISI. The best combination for explaining insomnia symptoms with 74.26% of accuracy included: age (OR = 1.15), females (OR = 1.26), smaller home sizes (OR = 0.77), environmental noises (OR = 1.59), anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.24), depressive symptoms (OR = 1.15), regularity of sleep–wake schedules (OR = 1.25), exposure to screen during the morning (OR = 1.13), and LED light during the evening (OR = 1.17). Thus, lifestyle schedule and exposure to natural synchronizers such as light, are primordial in considering in insomnia physiopathology, prevention and treatment, as well as the associated mental health status.