bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and ethnic disparities in mortality among breast cancer survivors after a second malignancy
Authors: Deng Zhengyi , Jones Miranda R , Wang Mei-Cheng , Wolff Antonio C , Visvanathan Kala 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Racial and ethnic differences in survival after a first cancer are well established but have not been examined after a second primary cancer (SPC) despite the increasing incidence among survivors.

Methods
We examined 39 029 female breast cancer survivors who developed an SPC between 2000 and 2014 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression for competing risks data was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality after SPCs comparing Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Asian, and Non-Hispanic Black survivors with Non-Hispanic White survivors. Models were adjusted for sociodemographics, tumor characteristics, and treatments of the first and second cancer. Analyses were stratified by SPC type.

Results
During 17 years of follow-up, there were 15 117 deaths after SPCs. The risk of cancer death was 12% higher among Non-Hispanic Black survivors (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.19) and 8% higher among Hispanic survivors (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.16) compared with Non-Hispanic White survivors. In subgroup analyses, the strongest associations were observed among Non-Hispanic Black survivors with a second breast or uterine cancer and among Hispanic survivors with a second breast cancer. Non-Hispanic Black survivors also experienced a 44% higher risk of cardiovascular disease death after SPC diagnosis than Non-Hispanic White survivors (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.74).

Conclusions
Higher cancer mortality among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic survivors and higher cardiovascular mortality among Non-Hispanic Black survivors exist among women who survive a first breast cancer to develop an SPC. Studies focused on identifying the contributors to these disparities are needed to enable implementation of effective mitigation strategies.
Toward Measuring Free-Riding: Counterfactuals, Alliances, and US–Philippine Relations
Authors: Ma Xinru , Kang David C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Do allies free ride? Although plausible, the concept of free riding relies upon a counterfactual: if the ally did not have a powerful patron, then it would invest more in its own defense. However, these claims are often asserted, not shown. The concept of free riding, although influential in the field of security studies, is almost unfalsifiable. In this article, we show logically how difficult it is to ascertain actual free riding. Rather than dismiss the entire concept, however, we attempt to provide two hypotheses and one scope condition that moves closer to a direct assessment of claims of free riding: first, if the ally is free riding, as the patron's commitment decreases, the ally should spend more on its own defense; second, all things being equal, a state with a powerful patron should spend less than one without. The key scope condition is whether the ally cares sufficiently about the issue to fight. We use the case of East Asia—and in particular the Philippines—to illustrate these dynamics. We conclude that the low defense spending of US allies and non-allies in East Asia is not free riding but rather a reflection of their low threat perceptions.
Rebel Resource Efficiency and the Escalation of Civil Conflict
Authors: Reeder Bryce W , Kwak Dongjin , Smith John R , Wales Michael D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
What explains the ebbs and flows of government–rebel battles during civil conflict? We posit that rebels, as actors dissatisfied with the status quo, challenge the government when they can sustain fighting and absorb losses on the battlefield. This is possible when the group's resource base is stable and unlikely to be undermined by market forces, government action, or external interveners. If, however, rebel portfolios are extraordinarily profitable, rebels will focus on profiting from their investments, making the escalation of armed conflict less likely. Using a measure that captures the efficiency of rebel resource portfolios and two illustrative cases, we find evidence for this curvilinear relationship: conflicts escalate as resource portfolio efficiency increases but de-escalate slightly when portfolios are very efficient. Thus, the decision to escalate a conflict is revealed to be a function of the entire bundle of resources controlled by rebels and the market value of those resources. By accounting for the entirety of rebel resource portfolios, this study refines the insurgent–resource nexus, leading to a better understanding of civil conflict dynamics.
Constraining Type Ia supernovae through their heights in edge-on galaxies
Authors: Barkhudaryan Lilit V 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
In this Letter, using classified 197 supernovae (SNe) Ia, we perform an analysis of their height distributions from the disc in edge-on spirals and investigate their light-curve (LC) decline rates (Δm15). We demonstrate, for the first time, that 91T- and 91bg-like subclasses of SNe Ia are distributed differently toward the plane of their host disc. The average height from the disc and its comparison with scales of thin/thick disc components gives a possibility to roughly estimate the SNe Ia progenitor ages: 91T-like events, being at the smallest heights, originate from relatively younger progenitors with ages of about several 100 Myr, 91bg-like SNe, having the highest distribution, arise from progenitors with significantly older ages ∼10 Gyr, and normal SNe Ia, which distributed between those of the two others, are from progenitors of about one up to ∼10 Gyr. We find a correlation between LC decline rates and SN Ia heights, which is explained by the vertical age gradient of the stellar population in discs and a sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf explosion models, where the Δm15 parameter is a progenitor age indicator.
Efficient single copy integration via homology-directed repair (scHDR) by 5′modification of large DNA donor fragments in mice
Authors: Medert Rebekka , Thumberger Thomas , Tavhelidse-Suck Tinatini , Hub Tobias , Kellner Tanja , Oguchi Yoko , Dlugosz Sascha , Zimmermann Frank , Wittbrodt Joachim , Freichel Marc 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCRISPR/Cas-based approaches have largely replaced conventional gene targeting strategies. However, homology-directed repair (HDR) in the mouse genome is not very efficient, and precisely inserting longer sequences using HDR remains challenging given that donor constructs preferentially integrate as concatemers. Here, we showed that injecting 5′ biotinylated donor DNA into mouse embryos at the two-cell stage led to efficient single-copy HDR (scHDR) allele generation. Our dedicated genotyping strategy showed that these alleles occurred with frequencies of 19%, 20%, and 26% at three independent gene loci, indicating that scHDR was dramatically increased by 5′ biotinylation. Thus, we suggest that the combination of a 5′ biotinylated donor and diligent analysis of concatemer integration are prerequisites for efficiently and reliably generating conditional alleles or other large fragment knock-ins in the mouse genome.
Enhanced myogenesis through lncFAM-mediated recruitment of HNRNPL to the MYBPC2 promoter
Authors: Chang Ming-Wen , Yang Jen-Hao , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Yang Xiaoling , Martindale Jennifer L , Munk Rachel , Pandey Poonam R , Banskota Nirad , Romero Brigette , Batish Mona , Piao Yulan , Mazan-Mamczarz Krystyna , De Supriyo , Abdelmohsen Kotb , Wilson Gerald M , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mammalian transcriptome comprises a vast family of long noncoding (lnc)RNAs implicated in physiologic processes such as myogenesis, through which muscle forms during embryonic development and regenerates in the adult. However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate human myogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel muscle-specific lncRNA, lncFAM71E1-2:2 (lncFAM), which increased robustly during early human myogenesis. Overexpression of lncFAM promoted differentiation of human myoblasts into myotubes, while silencing lncFAM suppressed this process. As lncFAM resides in the nucleus, chromatin isolation by RNA purification followed by mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS) analysis was employed to identify the molecular mechanisms whereby it might promote myogenesis. Analysis of lncFAM-interacting proteins revealed that lncFAM recruited the RNA-binding protein HNRNPL to the promoter of MYBPC2, in turn increasing MYBPC2 mRNA transcription and enhancing production of the myogenic protein MYBPC2. These results highlight a mechanism whereby a novel ribonucleoprotein complex, lncFAM-HNRNPL, elevates MYBPC2 expression transcriptionally to promote myogenesis.
Molecular heterogeneity of pediatric choroid plexus carcinomas determines the distinctions in clinical course and prognosis
Authors: Zaytseva Margarita , Valiakhmetova Andge , Yasko Ludmila , Samarin Alexey , Papusha Ludmila , Shekhtman Anastasia , Usman Natalia , Voronin Kirill , Karachunskiy Alexander , Novichkova Galina , Druy Alexander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are rare aggressive pediatric tumors of the brain with no treatment standards. Genetic profiling of CPCs is often confined to possible association with Li–Fraumeni syndrome, though only about a half of CPCs develop from syndromic predispositions. Whole-chromosome gains and losses typical of CPCs reflect genomic instability of these tumors, but only partially explain the aggressive clinical course.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 25 pediatric patients with CPC, receiving treatment between January 2009 and June 2022. Molecular-genetic testing was performed for 20 cases with available tumor tissue and encompassed mutational status, chromosomal aberrations, and gene expression profiles. We analyzed several factors presumably influencing the outcomes, including molecular profiles and clinical parameters. The median follow-up constituted 5.2 years (absolute range 2.8–12.6 years).

Results
All studied CPCs had smooth mutational profiles with the only recurrent event being TP53 variants, either germline or somatic, encountered in 13 cases. Unbalanced whole-chromosome aberrations, &#x2028;notably multiple monosomies, were highly typical. In 7 tumors, chromosome losses were combined with complex genomic rearrangements: segmental gains and losses or signs of chromothripsis. This phenomenon was associated with extremely low 5-year survival: 20.0 ± 17.9% vs 85.7 ± 13.2%; P = .009. Transcriptomically, the cohort split into 2 polar clusters Ped_CPC1 and Ped_CPC2 differing by survival: 31.3 ± 17.8% vs 100%; P = .012.

Conclusion
CPCs split into at least 2 molecular subtypes distinguished both genomically and transcriptomically. Clusterization of the tumors into Ped_CPC1 and Ped_CPC2 significantly correlates with survival. The distinction may prove relevant in clinical trials for dedicated and patient-oriented optimization of clinical protocols for these rare tumors.
An Analysis of Twitter Posts About the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Menthol Ban
Authors: Allem Jon-Patrick , Donaldson Scott I , Vogel Erin A , Pang Raina D , Unger Jennifer B 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned characterizing flavors in cigarettes in 2009, this initial ban exempted menthol. After examining numerous reports on the adverse health effects of menthol cigarettes, the FDA proposed a menthol ban in April 2022. This study analyzed Twitter data to describe public reaction to this announcement.Aims and MethodsPosts containing the word “menthol” and/or “#menthol” were collected from April 21, 2022 to May 5, 2022 from Twitter’s Streaming Application Programming Interface (API). A random sampling procedure supplied 1041 tweets for analysis. Following an inductive approach to content analysis, posts were classified into one or more of 11 themes.ResultsPosts discussed the FDA announcement (n = 153, 14.7%), racial discrimination (n = 101, 9.7%), distrust in government (n = 67, 6.4%), inconsistencies between policies (n = 52, 5.0%), public health benefits (n = 42, 4%), freedom of choice (n = 22, 2.1%), and health equity (n = 21, 2.0%). Posts contained misinformation (n = 20, 1.9%), and discussed the potential for illicit markets (n = 18, 1.7%) and the need for cessation support (n = 4, 0.4%). 541 (52.0%) tweets did not fit into any of the prescribed themes.ConclusionsTwitter posts with the word “menthol” commonly discussed distrust in government and mentioned racial discrimination. Findings demonstrated the possibility of near real-time Twitter monitoring of public opinion on a menthol ban. These data may be valuable for designing tobacco control health communication campaigns in the future.ImplicationsThe U.S. FDA proposed a ban on menthol cigarettes in April 2022. This study’s content analyzed Twitter posts over a 2-week period to understand the public’s response to the proposed menthol ban. Twitter posts with the word “menthol” often discussed distrust in government and mentioned racial discrimination. Findings demonstrated the possibility of near real-time Twitter monitoring of public opinion of regulatory action. Findings underscore the need to educate the public about the potential health benefits of banning menthol from cigarettes, particularly for populations that experience tobacco-related health disparities.
Examination of the Potential Functional Role of Competition-Induced Testosterone Dynamics
Authors: Reside Tracy-Lynn , Robinson Brittney A. , Carré Justin M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Across the animal kingdom, testosterone levels change rapidly within the context of competitive and/or mating related interactions. It has been speculated that such acute changes in testosterone concentrations may ultimately function to regulate ongoing and future behaviors, such as aggression, competitiveness, mate-seeking, and risk-taking. In this chapter, the authors review the growing body of evidence suggesting that competition-induced changes in testosterone positively map onto competitive, aggressive, risk-taking, and mating-related psychological and behavioral processes. The authors also review evidence from single dose pharmacological challenge studies that attempt to draw more substantial causal claims concerning testosterone’s role in promoting these psychological and behavioral processes.
W. E. B. Du Bois’s Involvement in African Affairs and Pan-Africanism
Authors: Sinitiere Phillip Luke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As a scholar, W. E. B. Du Bois presented his expansive perspective toward Africa in books, essays, and speeches. As a creative intellectual, he crafted poetry, novels, and plays about African history and culture. As an activist, he provided strategic leadership championing African liberation within the organizations for which he worked. Above all, his critical reflections over time demonstrated a global grasp of the complex interdependence between achieving freedom for African-descended people in the United States and the liberation of all people of color subject to imperial White supremacy. This chapter explores Du Bois’s multifaceted involvement in African affairs and Pan-Africanism through his participation in Pan-African congresses between 1900 and 1945 and through the historical documentation and political insight about Africa presented in his books, essays, journalism, and lectures. This chapter concludes with an account of how Du Bois’s family and descendants have meaningfully maintained his legacy in the half century following his death.
Conceptualizing and Framing Archaeologies of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea
Authors: McNiven Ian J. , David Bruno 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Australia and New Guinea are two of the largest islands in the world, but during the last glacial cycle when sea levels were lower and the continental shelf was exposed, they combined to form Sahul, then the largest island in the world. This chapter introduces how this Handbook approaches the archaeology of Australia, New Guinea, and the islands in-between: the conceptual framework that underpins its structure, and the topics covered. The archaeological histories of Australia and New Guinea prior to European colonial encounters of the past 500 years is singularly Indigenous and can be traced back archaeologically for at least 65,000 years. To showcase the range of archaeological approaches of the extraordinary cultural and environmental diversity and complexity that characterise the Indigenous histories of Australia and New Guinea, we have divided the Handbook into eight major thematic sections comprising 41 chapters. These chapters review and showcase the social dynamics and processes, and cultural responses to long-term and short-term environmental changes, that shaped the Indigenous histories of both regions.
Globalization and the Hip Hop Dance Cipher
Authors: Osumare Halifu , Ofosu Terry Bright Kweku 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hip hop dance was the first of the culture’s elements around the globe, becoming a complex bodily text. We investigate the internationalization of Hip Hop dance in Hawai‘i and Ghana, with the cipher as a site for reinforcing and subverting local traditions and social orders. “Performance” is the transference of accepted American Hip Hop dance lexicons, while “performativity” encompasses local indigenous styles. The two mingle and transform during improvisation within the cipher, creating an Intercultural Body. Hawai‘i dance clubs offer a variety of styles from freestyle “house” to traditional breaking, reflecting the multicultural Asian-Polynesian mix of the islands. Ghanaian dance ciphers deconstruct the social complexities of a poor African country, while reinforcing traditional war dance elements of several ethnic groups. The global Hip Hop dance cipher is a microcosm of international forces, as US Hip Hop is exported and local sites grapple with imitation and adaptation to create their own reinscribed frameworks and meanings.
Streetdance and Black Aesthetics
Authors: Macalalad Bragin Naomi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The contemporary global hyperconsumption of Hip Hop dance—spanning Hollywood, TV and film, international competition circuits, dance festivals, commercial industry studios, and social media—emphasizes high-intensity, choreocentric group routines and rapid-fire replication of steps. Yet cultural practitioners relate Hip Hop dance historically to a network of streetdances—cultural practices based in black social life that undo the Western neoliberal dance industry’s prevailing hierarchy of choreography over improvisation. Streetdance practitioners incorporate choreographic structures within improvisational practices of rhythm-making like bouncing and grooving, which provide alternatives to a Eurocentric construct of linear time. This chapter draws on the embodied and verbal discourse of streetdancers who teach in studios, as they navigate logics of studio dance technique to translate the “street.” I attend to little pedagogical moments when black aesthetic activity surfaces in the context of studio teaching, considering how streetdancers use these moments to shape ethical relationships of cultural exchange. Black aesthetics call for different investments of practitioners to actively refuse the global extraction, objectification, and commodification of streetdance.
Kung Fu Fandom
Authors: Pellerin Eric 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter suggests that kung fu films should be examined as a “body genre.” Positioning kung fu films as a body genre promoting visceral responses starts to explain how these films had such a dramatic impact on audiences, and subsequently led to the genre’s memorable fandom in b-boy culture. The chapter shows that kung fu films should be added to the cinematic aesthetics of breaking battles and choreographed routines in New York City. By foregrounding how the films were distributed and exhibited, the chapter demonstrates how a film’s context shapes its reception. It also offers insights into how these films informed the lives and dance practices of some New York City b-boys, and situates a meeting between a legend of Hip Hop culture and a kung fu film star in Hong Kong.
Jean-Louis Florentz and Spectralism
Authors: Sholl Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the French composer Jean-Louis Florentz’s (1947–2004) engagement with spectralism and it identifies various spectral processes and types of spectral material present in his music. Using unpublished material and radio interviews, it examines Florentz’s inspiration in the natural world (especially birdsong), the relationship between his voyages, and his music. It reveals that his sense of the sacred, the role of the composer, his restless searching throughout the world for the experience of alterity, enabled the creation of a spectral music that was an offering, a form of meditation, of testament, and of praise. It shows how Florentz translated ethnographical sources, especially Ethiopian liturgical chant, through mode, and it differentiates his work from that of Olivier Messiaen. Florentz extended Messiaen’s apocalyptic language of revelation and the communication of his own faith through the spectral resources of the organ and through his thinking about musical materiality to figure his particular vision of religious thought. This chapter understands Florentz’s spectral thought as manifestations of beauty and mysticism, and of alterity and the liminal that are empowered through his use of spectralism.
Dark Tourism as History
Authors: Seaton Tony 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dark tourism or, thanatourism, a term used as an encyclopaedic alternative (Jafari 1996, 578)1, only emerged as a collective area of named study in the last decade of the twentieth century. Both terms had their origins in the recognition of the long history and widespread occurrence of traveling encounters with different kinds of engineered and orchestrated remembrance of the dead. Many may have originally been an accidental or incidental by-product of travel, but increasingly they became deliberate goals of different kinds of pilgrimage, the most important being religious, but others being more secular (e.g. visiting the graves of writers, historic battlefields). In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries these occasional, sepulchral encounters were increasingly transformed into purposeful, mass tourism practices, induced by new ideologies of an evolving, European modernity, among them: antiquarianism, Romanticism, the gothic and patriotic displays of national pageantry and imperial display. Dark tourism’s identifying activity, visitation to commemorative sites, inherently makes it a travel form likely to feature more frequently in debates around “the politics of remembrance,” an expanding multi-cultural domain about the continuing status of historical events and figures. The chapter finishes with an illustrative, case history exemplifying some of the main issues in remembrance and remembrancing, in the context of a recent addition to dark tourism repertoires—the visitation of flooded villages as industrial disaster sites.