bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective optimization of heat sink with multi-cross-ribbed-fins for a motor controller
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chen Liang , Tong Zhiting 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel multi-cross-ribbed-fin layout was proposed to supersede the original smooth fin to fulfill the lightweight requirement of the air-cooled heat sink for the electrical vehicle motor controller. The thermal design with multi-cross-ribbed-fins was optimized using the multi-objective optimization method to minimize the chip’s temperature rise and the weight of the heat sink simultaneously. The design variables are the number of multi-cross-ribbed-fins ranging from 12 to 24, the number of cross ribs on either side varying from 1 to 4, and cross rib height in the region of 1.00–2.50mm. The standard k-ε turbulence model was validated compared to the experimental data for the original heat sink with smooth fins. The Pareto front solution set was obtained by performing the mixed-level orthogonal design procedure with the numerical simulations, constructing the surrogated-based model with backpropagation neural net training, and implementing the genetic algorithm. The numerical results showed that the recommended optimal designs have the multi-cross-ribbed-fin number of 17–19, the number of cross ribs of 2–3, and a cross rib height of 2.13–2.50mm. The maximum decreases in the temperature rise and weight are 7.63% and 9.45%, respectively. For verifying the superiority of current optimal designs, one of the optimal designs of the heat sink, which yields comparative temperature rise of the chip but reduced weight, was selected to be experimentally tested and compared with the data for the original heat sink.
Vertebrate lonesome kinase modulates the hepatocyte secretome to prevent perivascular liver fibrosis and inflammation
Authors: Pantasis Sophia , Friemel Juliane , Brütsch Salome Mirjam , Hu Zehan , Krautbauer Sabrina , Liebisch Gerhard , Dengjel Joern , Weber Achim , Werner Sabine , Bordoli Mattia Renato 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Vertebrate lonesome kinase (VLK) is the only known extracellular tyrosine kinase, but its physiological functions are largely unknown. We show that VLK is highly expressed in hepatocytes of neonatal mice, but downregulated during adulthood. To determine the role of VLK in liver homeostasis and regeneration, we generated mice with a hepatocyte-specific knockout of the VLK gene (Pkdcc). Cultured progenitor cells established from primary hepatocytes of Pkdcc knockout mice produced a secretome, which promoted their own proliferation in 3D spheroids and proliferation of cultured fibroblasts. In vivo, Pkdcc knockout mice developed liver steatosis with signs of inflammation and perivascular fibrosis upon aging, combined with expansion of liver progenitor cells. In response to chronic CCl4-induced liver injury, the pattern of deposited collagen was significantly altered in these mice. The liver injury marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was increased in the secretome of VLK-deficient cultured progenitor cells and in liver tissues of aged or CCl4-treated knockout mice. These results support a key role for VLK and extracellular protein phosphorylation in liver homeostasis and repair through paracrine control of liver cell function and regulation of appropriate collagen deposition.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
China’s economic connectivity to the world economy
Authors: Andreosso-O'Callaghan Bernadette , Morales Lucía 
Published: March 2022

The ambition of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is to revive the silk road of Roman times which was used by merchants to carry trade across Eurasia. China’s proclaimed aspiration is to reconnect to the world through its ancient trade corridors, and to emphasize its role as a world trade power. Should the BRI or “new silk road” be understood as efforts from President Xi Jinping to project China’s power into both Eurasia and at the global level? Should it moreover be understood as China’s step forward to fill the leadership vacuum left by a perceived weakening USA in terms of international relations? The present economic climate is characterised by uncertainty and turbulence at the global level, with some economies shifting towards protectionist practices, and others, such as the United Kingdom, trying to regain some international recognition outside the EU. This turbulent climate appears to benefit Beijing who can position itself as a new leader in the global political economy, notably through its BRI. The article discusses the issues raised by China’s ambition to shape the current international economic order.
Pathomorphological features of the uterus’ wall structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 37-40 weeks from mothers with a chronic infection of the lower genital tracts
Authors: Kupriianova L. , Ivanchenko S. 
Published: March 2022

In the following article we have provided a data towards a comprehensive research of the pathomorphological features of the uterus’ wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT comparing to ones in case of fetuses from healthy mothers.
The research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical.
On the basis of the organometric research we have revealed a probable decrease of the weight, length and thickness indexes likewise one of the main components of the uterus wall in case of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy comparing to ones in case of fetuses from healthy mothers.
By applying histological method we have revealed an increased growth of the connective tissue both in the endometrium and myometrium in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT relatively to one in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. Moreover, the massive growth of the collagen fibers leads to the disorder in the strucutral organization of the muscle component. The uterus’ endometrium in case of fetuses from the main group could be characterized by a few glands without features of the functional activity comparing to one in case of fetuses from the group of comparison. In the structure of the connective tissue in case of uterus of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy we have revealed mainly the collagen of the III type, while the collagen of the I type could be revealed in the form of small loci of reduced intensity of glow.
By applying the immunohistochemical method we have revealed an increase of the apoptotic index in the endometrium of fetuses from mothers with a chronic infection of the lower genital tracts comparing to one in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. By applying MCAT to endotheline-1 we have revealed an increased glow of the endtheliocytes in the vessels both of arterial and venous types, in case of fetuses from the main group comparing to one in case of fetuses from the group of comparison. In the uterus of fetuses from mothers with HILGT we could observe a decreased hormon producing activity comparing to one in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. All changes, that were revealed in the uterus of fetuses from mothers with an infectious pathlogy declare an existance of the severe disorder in the implementation and formation of main organ’s components, as well as are caused mainly by a chronic hypoxia as well as influence of the infectious agent. All pathomorphological features of the uterus wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT, that were revealed, could contribute subsequently to the complications in the pregnancy’s onset as well as could lead to the disruption of one.
Bin Packing Problem with Time Lags
Authors: Letelier Orlando Rivera , Clautiaux François , Sadykov Ruslan 
Published: March 2022

We introduce and motivate several variants of the bin packing problem where bins are assigned to time slots, and minimum and maximum lags are required between some pairs of items. We suggest two integer programming formulations for the general problem: a compact one and a stronger formulation with an exponential number of variables and constraints. We propose a branch-cut-and-price approach that exploits the latter formulation. For this purpose, we devise separation algorithms based on a mathematical characterization of feasible assignments for two important special cases of the problem: when the number of possible bins available at each period is infinite and when this number is limited to one and time lags are nonnegative. Computational experiments are reported for instances inspired from a real-case application of chemical treatment planning in vineyards, as well as for literature instances for special cases of the problem. The experimental results show the efficiency of our branch-cut-and-price approach, as it outperforms the compact formulation on newly proposed instances and is able to obtain improved lower and upper bounds for literature instances. Summary of Contribution: The paper considers a new variant of the bin packing problem, which is one of the most important problems in operations research. A motivation for introducing this variant is given, as well as a real-life application. We present a novel and original exact branch-cut-and-price algorithm for the problem. We implement this algorithm, and we present the results of extensive computational experiments. The results show a very good performance of our algorithm. We give several research directions that can be followed by subsequent researchers to extend our contribution to more complex and generic problems.
Body mass index, clusters of health behaviour among school-age children and young people in Sweden
Authors: Olofsson Niclas , Holmström Malin Rising 
Published: March 2022

Background: A healthy lifestyle for children is important for future health. Aims: To identify temporal patterns of change in body mass index (BMI) and associated health behaviour among 6–16-year-old children and young people in Sweden. Methods: A quantitative design with longitudinal cluster analysis. Findings: School-age children and young people tended to maintain their BMI categories established at the age of 6 years or when they entered the fourth grade, and the categories were stable in age and gender over time. Conclusions: Healthy behaviours affecting BMI should be established before children begin school. Although slight changes in children's categories of BMI may occur once they reach school age, the categories established at preschool generally persist at least until the age of 16 years. Because school-age children and young people generally maintain their categories throughout their school years, early preventive work regarding BMI and health behaviour is needed with particular focus on overweight and obese children and young people.
Using digital interventions to encourage healthy eating
Authors: Jackson Jessica Eve , Jackson Sophie 
Published: March 2022

Background: YouTube content has become increasingly popular among children who are not only viewers but producers of this digital medium However, there is no research exploring the use of this medium to aid healthy behaviours. Aims: To evaluate how families responded to taking part in an online educational healthy eating intervention by creating YouTube-style digital vlogs. Methods: The intervention was delivered online to five families with child/ren aged between 6–16 years. Focus groups were conducted with the families after the intervention to explore their learning and experiences. Findings: The families indicated initial challenges in making the vlogs, however, there was evidence of child attitude change and sustained behavioural change as well as enhanced awareness for parents. The families produced vlogs which aimed to educate on and provide a challenge for healthy eating. Conclusions: This intervention shows great potential for delivering online public health interventions which engage the whole family in behavioural change.
Screening children for mental health difficulties in school settings
Authors: King Kate 
Published: March 2022

Rates of probable mental health problems in children and young people in England are increasing while failure to identify and address mental health difficulties early in life affects individuals' long-term functioning and wellbeing. Despite reported benefits of early identification and intervention, there is no school entry screening programme. The aim was to review the evidence for mental health screening and identification programmes based in schools against the UK NSC criteria. We found mixed evidence of the feasibility and acceptability of screening and limited evidence on programmes' effectiveness and cost effectiveness. While there is evidence of effective interventions, there is work to do to enable timely and equitable access to mental health support. Currently there is insufficient evidence to recommend a universal screening programme and any use of validated screening tools in schools should be accompanied by a clear pathway into early intervention services and a robust evaluation of the whole programme.
Social gradients in ADHD by household income and maternal education exposure during early childhood: Findings from birth cohort studies across six countries
Authors: Spencer Nicholas James , Ludvigsson Johnny , Bai Guannan , Gauvin Lise , Clifford Susan A. , Abu Awad Yara , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D. , Markham Wolfgang , Faresjö Åshild , White Pär Andersson , Raat Hein , Jansen Pauline , Nikiema Béatrice , Mensah Fiona K. , McGrath Jennifer J. ,   EPOCH Collaborative Group
Published: March 2022

Objective
This study aimed to examine social gradients in ADHD during late childhood (age 9–11 years) using absolute and relative relationships with socioeconomic status exposure (household income, maternal education) during early childhood (<5 years) in seven cohorts from six industrialised countries (UK, Australia, Canada, The Netherlands, USA, Sweden).

Methods
Secondary analyses were conducted for each birth cohort. Risk ratios, pooled risk estimates, and absolute inequality, measured by the Slope Index of Inequality (SII), were estimated to quantify social gradients in ADHD during late childhood by household income and maternal education measured during early childhood. Estimates were adjusted for child sex, mother age at birth, mother ethnicity, and multiple births.

Findings
All cohorts demonstrated social gradients by household income and maternal education in early childhood, except for maternal education in Quebec. Pooled risk estimates, relating to 44,925 children, yielded expected gradients (income: low 1.83(CI 1.38,2.41), middle 1.42(1.13,1.79), high (reference); maternal education: low 2.13(1.39,3.25), middle 1.42(1.13,1.79)). Estimates of absolute inequality using SII showed that the largest differences in ADHD prevalence between the highest and lowest levels of maternal education were observed in Australia (4% lower) and Sweden (3% lower); for household income, the largest differences were observed in Quebec (6% lower) and Canada (all provinces: 5% lower).

Conclusion
Findings indicate that children in families with high household income or maternal education are less likely to have ADHD at age 9–11. Absolute inequality, in combination with relative inequality, provides a more complete account of the socioeconomic status and ADHD relationship in different high-income countries. While the study design precludes causal inference, the linear relation between early childhood social circumstances and later ADHD suggests a potential role for policies that promote high levels of education, especially among women, and adequate levels of household income over children’s early years in reducing risk of later ADHD.
Reliability and validation of an attitude scale regarding responsible conduct in research
Authors: Abd ElHafeez Samar , Salem Mohamed , Silverman Henry J. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Several studies reveal a problematic prevalence of research misbehaviors. There are several potential causes of research misconduct but ensuring that scientists hold attitudes that reflect norms of acceptable behaviors is fundamental.

Aim
Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties (factor structure and reliability) of an “attitude” scale that we adopted from a questionnaire we previously used to investigate the prevalence of research misbehaviors in the Middle East.

Methods
We used data from participants (n = 254) who were involved in our prior questionnaire study to determine the validity of an attitude scale that we adapted from this previous study. We performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the factor structure of the attitude scale followed by measures of convergent and concurrent validity. We assessed reliability by computing the Cronbach’s alphas of each construct of the attitude scale.

Results
EFA indicated that the attitude scale consists of two factors (constructs). Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations of item-item and item-total. Correlation analysis revealed that the attitude constructs were significantly correlated with the Research Misbehavior Severity Score, thereby demonstrating concurrent validity. Cronbach’s alphas were greater than 0.75 for both constructs.

Conclusion
We demonstrated a valid and reliable 20-item attitude scale with two factors related to “acceptability of practices in responsible conduct in research” and “general attitudes regarding scientific misconduct”. The use of a validated attitude scale can help assess the effectiveness of educational programs that focus on participants acquiring attitudes that are instrumental in responsible conduct in research.
Are shared decision making studies well enough described to be replicated? Secondary analysis of a Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Agbadjé Titilayo Tatiana , Riganti Paula , Adisso Évèhouénou Lionel , Adekpedjou Rhéda , Boucher Alexandrine , Nunciaroni Andressa Teoli , Franco Juan Victor Ariel , Yanzi Maria Victoria Ruiz , Légaré France 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundInterventions to change health professionals’ behaviour are often difficult to replicate. Incomplete reporting is a key reason and a source of waste in health research. We aimed to assess the reporting of shared decision making (SDM) interventions.MethodsWe extracted data from a 2017 Cochrane systematic review whose aim was to determine the effectiveness of interventions to increase the use of SDM by healthcare professionals. In a secondary analysis, we used the 12 items of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist to analyze quantitative data. We used a conceptual framework for implementation fidelity to analyze qualitative data, which added details to various TIDieR items (e.g. under “what materials?” we also reported on ease of access to materials). We used SAS 9.4 for all analyses.ResultsOf the 87 studies included in the 2017 Cochrane review, 83 were randomized trials, three were non-randomized trials, and one was a controlled before-and-after study. Items most completely reported were: “brief name” (87/87, 100%), “why” (rationale) (86/87, 99%), and “what” (procedures) (81/87, 93%). The least completely reported items (under 50%) were “materials” (29/87, 33%), “who” (23/87, 26%), and “when and how much” (18/87, 21%), as well as the conditional items: “tailoring” (8/87, 9%), “modifications” (3/87, 4%), and “how well (actual)” (i.e. delivered as planned?) (3/87, 3%). Interventions targeting patients were better reported than those targeting health professionals or both patients and health professionals, e.g. 84% of patient-targeted intervention studies reported “How”, (delivery modes), vs. 67% for those targeting health professionals and 32% for those targeting both. We also reported qualitative analyses for most items. Overall reporting of items for all interventions was 41.5%.ConclusionsReporting on all groups or components of SDM interventions was incomplete in most SDM studies published up to 2017. Our results provide guidance for authors on what elements need better reporting to improve the replicability of their SDM interventions.
Focal lesion size poorly correlates with motor function after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Walter Johannes , Mende Jannis , Hutagalung Samuel , Grutza Martin , Younsi Alexander , Zheng Guoli , Unterberg Andreas W. , Zweckberger Klaus 
Published: March 2022

Background
It remains unclear whether neurobehavioral testing adds significant information to histologic assessment of experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) and if automated gait assessment using the CatWalk XT®, while shown to be effective in in the acute phase, is also effective in the chronic phase after experimental TBI. Therefore, we evaluated the correlation of CatWalk XT® parameters with histologic lesion volume and analyzed their temporal and spatial patterns over four weeks after trauma induction.

Methods
C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI). CatWalk XT® analysis was performed one day prior to surgery and together with the histological evaluation of lesion volume on postoperative days one, three, seven, 14 and 28. Temporal and spatial profiles of gait impairment were analyzed and a total of 100 CatWalk XT® parameters were correlated to lesion size.

Results
While in the first week after CCI, there was significant impairment of nearly all CatWalk XT® parameters, impairment of paw prints, intensities and dynamic movement parameters resolved thereafter; however, impairment of dynamic single paw parameters persisted up to four weeks. Correlation of the CatWalk XT® parameters with lesion volume was poor at all timepoints.

Conclusion
As CatWalk XT® parameters do not correlate with focal lesion size after CCI, gait assessment using the CatWalk XT® might add valuable information to solitary histologic evaluation of the injury site. While all CatWalk XT® parameters can be used for gait assessments in the first week after CCI, dynamic single paw parameters might be more relevant in the chronic phase after experimental TBI.
Improvement of survival in Korean breast cancer patients over a 14-year period: A large-scale single-center study
Authors: Kim Hakyoung , Lee Sae Byul , Kim Jisun , Chung Il Yong , Kim Hee Jeong , Ko Beom Seok , Lee Jong Won , Son Byung Ho , Ahn Sei Hyun 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronological changes over 14 years in the survival of Korean patients with breast cancer. We also sought to investigate the factors that may have influenced the changes in survival rate.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively analyzed 17,776 breast cancer patients who were treated at Asan Medical Center between January 2000 and December 2013. Patient information was collected from the Asan database, including age at diagnosis, clinical manifestation, pathology report, types of treatment and modality, types of recurrence, and follow-up period. We classified the patients into two cohorts according to the year of their surgery (P1: 2000–2007 and P2: 2008–2013) and compared survival and recurrence between both cohorts.

Results
We observed that patients treated more recently had better survival outcomes. The 5-year breast cancer-specific survival increased from 94.0% in P1 to 96.6% in P2 (p<0.001), and the 5-year disease-free survival increased from 87.9% in P1 to 91.2% in P2 (p<0.001). When analyzed by type of recurrence, distant metastasis-free survival increased to a significant degree. In subgroup analysis by the subtypes of breast cancer, the survival rates improved in all of the subtypes except triple negative breast cancer, and the improvement was more prominent in subtypes with overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.

Conclusion
This study showed improvement in breast cancer survival over the succeeding years, which is consistent with the advancement in systemic therapy.