bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Scaffolding’ or ‘Filtering’: A Review of Studies on the Diverse Roles of Calculus Courses for Students, Professionals and Teachers
Authors: Biza Irene , González-Martín Alejandro S. , Pinto Alon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCalculus courses have been attracting the attention of mathematics education researchers over the last decades. Recent publications and special issues dedicated to calculus highlight the diverse roles of calculus courses in the pathways for STEM studies within and across educational levels, as well as issues related to the academic preparation of future STEM professionals, including mathematicians, non-mathematics professionals (NMPs) and teachers. In this paper, we review recent literature, mostly since 2015, to identify and characterize explicit references to such diverse roles of calculus courses. The review highlights an intrinsic tension between two institutional roles of calculus: scaffolding and filtering. We find nuanced yet substantial variation in how the dual role of calculus is experienced and managed across different groups of students and stakeholders. With regard studies on calculus for mathematics students, recent studies attend to changes in the rules underpinning calculus notions and processes, and highlight the scaffolding potential of calculus courses towards abstraction and reasoning. In contrast, studies on calculus for NMPs report that such courses often promote filtering rather than scaffolding and question transferability and relevance of those courses for NMPs. Finally, studies challenge the perception that traditional tertiary calculus courses scaffold school teaching and underline the need for empirical research that would explain the nature of this scaffolding and how it can be realized in practice. We conclude that further empirical research, in particular theory development, is needed to address the diverse roles of calculus at the intersection of institutions, disciplines and communities.
Distance Learning in Cameroon: Case Study of Private Nursery School Children's Experiences and Challenges Amidst COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Fenmachi Emela Achu , Edah Rachel Ogene Awah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article analyses data from a study that explored distance learning teaching and nursery school children's experiences in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Douala, Cameroon. Following the spread of COVID-19 to Africa, the Cameroon Government placed emphasis on the impact of the pandemic on the socio-economic sector and actions to support this sector. There has been no reported research on the effects of the pandemic on the early childhood education sector and how children have experienced it. This article discusses distance learning techniques employed by teachers from a private nursery school and the views and feelings of young children whose teacher encouraged them to draw and tell stories about their experiences. Engaging in such conversations empowered and encouraged children to verbalise their COVID-19 Lockdown experiences. These conversations can help the teacher rethink and seek new ways to understand and guide children through challenging situations. In addition, the insights gained from the study can be helpful for policymakers concerned with maximising the capacity for schools and families to ensure continuous learning for all children in the event of a crisis.
How to Escape from Model Platonism in Economics: Critical Assumptions, Robust Conclusions, and Approximate Explanations
Authors: Albert Max 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAbout sixty years ago, Hans Albert criticized economists for their “model platonism”, a methodological attitude that immunizes theoretical models against empirical criticism. Since then, economics has taken an empirical turn; yet, model platonism lingers on. The root of the problem is economists’ reluctance to distinguish explicitly between the law-like and the situational assumptions of their models. Without this distinction, it is impossible to give a satisfactory account of the interplay between theory and empirical investigations. Based on Hans Albert’s critical rationalism, the paper explains how making the distinction allows economists to escape from model platonism. By identifying critical situational assumptions and robust conclusions, economists can, and sometimes do, find approximate explanations even though they cannot completely avoid unrealistic simplifications.
The Adaptive Proculturation Process of Being a Psychotherapist as a Kazakh Asylum Seeker in Sweden
Authors: Boman Björn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe term acculturation is important for describing and analyzing how for example migrants gradually become accustomed to a new host society. The term proculturation is similar but emphasizes the real-life experiences of migrants, as well as the fusion between familiar and unfamiliar ideas, things, and experiences. However, so far there is a dearth of studies which have aimed to explore such a construct empirically. The current article used a limited but meaningful example, the lived experiences of a Kazakh migrant in Sweden whose occupation is being a psychotherapist. The aim was to understand the cultural identity of this individual as regards processes of migration from A (Kazakhstan) to B (Sweden), as well as related proculturation processes. Moreover, the focus was also on the specific and precarious work conditions for a person who does not have the possibility to work officially as a psychotherapist during an extensive residence permit application process. Information derived from a semi-structured interview indicates that basic cultural identity markers (woman, Kazakh, Russian-speaking, Muslim) remained constant after residing in Sweden for more than 5 years but that some elements of the more secular-liberal Swedish culture (e.g., the Swedish language, increased alcohol consumption) were appropriated. The person used social media apps like WhatsApp as a technological tool to practice the profession as a psychotherapist in a transnational setting, which constitutes a different strategy than how Swedish as well as Kazakh psychotherapists generally perform this profession.
Use of calcofluor white to detect β-glucan changes in Phytophthora palmivora oospores by fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Perrine-Walker Francine M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCalcofluor white is a fluorochrome used for detecting β-glucans in cell walls of plant pathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to detect β-glucans in oospores of the heterothallic Phytophthora palmivora by crossing two compatible A1 and A2 mating types on carrot agar plates with or without a supplement of aqueous French bean extract. Lack of calcofluor white induced fluorescence, in yellow to deep brown oospores, suggests a change in the type of β-glucans in the outer oospore-oogonium cell wall. This staining method is an easy, quick and visual way to monitor changes in β-glucans during oospore development.
Structural effects and real strain-rate effects on compressive strength of sustainable concrete with crumb rubber in split Hopkinson pressure bar tests
Authors: Feng Wanhui , Chen Baiyu , Tang Yunchao , Wei Wenbo , He Weiming , Yang Yongmin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe dynamic increase factor (DIF) of the concrete material strength, obtained using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), includes structural effects that do not precisely reflect the real strain-rate effect of concrete. To further clarify the real strain-rate effects of rubberised concrete (RC), an experimental investigation regarding the dynamic compressive response of ordinary concrete (NC) and RC with three rubber contents (10%, 20%, and 30%) was performed in this study. Additionally, based on a dynamic constitutive model, i.e., the Karagozian and Case (K&C) concrete model, numerical SHPB tests were conducted using the LS-DYNA software. According to the experimental results, all parameters of the K&C model were discussed, and the damage factors were modified to satisfy the mechanical properties of RC. After validating the numerical model, it was observed that the experimental DIF included the inertial enhancement and the real DIF. Moreover, because rubber particles effectively reduce the density and improve the deformation capacity of concrete, the real strain-rate effect of RC was found to be more rate-sensitive than that of NC by analysing the radial stress distribution. In addition to lateral inertia, another external source, namely, the interface friction between the specimen and bars, which can produce lateral confinement, was further studied. It was found that interface friction significantly contributes to lateral confinement; however, as the strain rate increased, the impact generally decreased. Finally, the mechanism of the strain-rate effect of RC was clarified.
Examining the paradoxes children experience in language and literacy learning
Authors: Auld Glenn , O’Mara Joanne , Cloonan Anne , Delphine Tim , Eyers Andrew , Nicholas Maria , Ohi Sarah , Paatsch Louise , Pangrazio Luci , Quick Joanne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParadoxes are particularly problematic in literacy as they often complicate learning. However, identifying and examining them can also tell us something about the inherent problems within social, political, and educational systems. This paper reports on an analysis of a total of 205AJLLarticles and editorials, published between 2011 and 2021. The purpose of the study was to identify the paradoxes associated with student language and literacy learning. The systematic literature review identified 311 instances of paradoxes across these 205 articles. Thirty instances of paradoxical terminology associated with student literacy learning were selected from the 311 instances. The excluded 271 instances of paradox were associated with policy contexts, teacher performance, and accountabilities, which are outside the scope of this article. The research in the 205 articles found that literacy learning was shaped by the skills of literacy learning, the complexity of student learning through standardised approaches, and textual plurality. The contexts of literacy learning spanned the virtual and real, the implications of national testing on local situations, and the changing nature of text and what it means to be literate. This review identified that students negotiate paradoxes associated with the risks of standardised testing, the narrowing of the writing curriculum, and understanding the variety of textual forms and practices. Identifying and examining these paradoxes will help address some of the persistent problems in literacy learning faced by students and teachers.
WheatCENet: A Database for Comparative Co-Expression Networks Analysis of Allohexaploid Wheat and Its Progenitors
Authors: Li Zhongqiu , Hu Yiheng , Ma Xuelian , Da Lingling , She Jiajie , Liu Yue , Yi Xin , Cao Yaxin , Xu Wenying , Jiao Yuannian , Su Zhen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic changes after polyploidization events could result in variable gene expression and modified regulatory networks. Here, using large-scale transcriptome data, we constructed co-expression networks for diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat species, and built a platform for comparing co-expression networks of allohexaploid wheat and its progenitors, named WheatCENet. WheatCENet is a platform for searching and comparing specific functional co-expression networks, as well as identifying the related functions of the genes clustered therein. Functional annotations like pathways, gene families, protein–protein interactions, microRNAs (miRNAs), and several lines of epigenome data are integrated into this platform, and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), motif identification, and other useful tools are also included. Using WheatCENet, we found that the network of WHEAT ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 (WAPO1) has more co-expressed genes related to spike development in hexaploid wheat than its progenitors. We also found a novel motif of CCWWWWWWGG (CArG) specifically in the promoter region of WAPO-A1, suggesting that neofunctionalization of the WAPO-A1 gene affects spikelet development in hexaploid wheat. WheatCENet is useful for investigating co-expression networks and conducting other analyses, and thus facilitates comparative and functional genomic studies in wheat. WheatCENet is freely available at http://bioinformatics.cpolar.cn/WheatCENet and http://bioinformatics.cau.edu.cn/WheatCENet.
Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Quezada-Pinedo Hugo G. , Cassel Florian , Muckenthaler Martina U. , Gassmann Max , Huicho Luis , Reiss Irwin K. , Duijts Liesbeth , Gaillard Romy , Vermeulen Marijn J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We studied ethnic differences in terms of iron status during pregnancy between Dutch women and other ethnicities and explore to what extent these differences can be explained by environmental factors. This cross-sectional population-based study (2002–2006) was embedded in the Generation R study and included a total of 4737 pregnant women from seven ethnic groups (Dutch, Turkish, Moroccan, Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Hindustani, Surinamese-Creole and Antillean). Ethnicity was defined according to the Dutch classification of ethnic background. Ferritin, iron and transferrin were measured in early pregnancy. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency was 7 %, ranging from 4 % in both Dutch and Surinamese-Creoles, to 18 % in Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese-Hindustani women. Iron overload was most prevalent in Surinamese-Creole (11 %) and Dutch (9 %) women. Socioeconomic factors accounted for 5–36 % of the differences. Income was the strongest socioeconomic factor in the Cape Verdean and Surinamese-Hindustani groups and parity for the Turkish and Moroccan groups. Lifestyle determinants accounted for 8–14 % of the differences. In all groups, the strongest lifestyle factor was folic acid use, being associated with higher iron status. In conclusion, in our population, both iron deficiency and iron overload were common in early pregnancy. Our data suggest that ethnic differences in terms of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors only partly drive the large ethnic differences in iron status. Our data support the development of more specific prevention programmes based on further exploration of socioeconomic inequities, modifiable risk and genetic factors in specific ethnic subgroups, as well as the need for individual screening of iron status before supplementation.
Legalization and Compliance: How Judicial Activity Undercuts the Global Trade Regime
Authors: Kucik Jeffrey , Peritz Lauren , Puig Sergio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe crisis facing the World Trade Organization illustrates the trade-off between legalization and compliance in international legal systems. Dispute bodies can sometimes “overreach” in their rulings, leading to resistance from member states. This article looks at one form of legal overreach: the extension of legal precedent. We argue that extending previous decisions can reduce the flexibility that states include deliberately in their agreements. We utilize original data on individual applications of precedent in the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body decisions from 1995 to 2015 and on policy responses to those decisions. We find strong evidence that extending precedent reduces on-time compliance. It also leads to longer delays before members comply. The results speak to the life cycles of international organizations, as well as questions of design and cooperation.
“Full Rights” Feminists in South Asia: Freedom, Equality, and Justice
Authors: Sen Samita 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistories of feminism in the past three decades have focused on the debate between equal rights and separate spheres, but have been less attentive to the many strands of socialist feminisms, which sought to build bridges between the women's movement and other social movements for freedom, equality and justice. Dorothy Sue Cobble addresses this gap, exploring the lives and works of social democratic women activists in relation to the equal rights versus separate rights debate. Reflecting the “global turn”, Cobble explores many transnational connections. Picking up on these two themes – socialist feminism and global networks – I focus on the South Asian case.
Black Women Activists: Embracing the Struggle for Intertwined Freedoms on Multiple Fronts
Authors: Richards Yevette 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDorothy Cobble's magnificent, sweeping saga of the 100 plus year struggle for “full rights feminism” introduces us to myriad activists who sought common ground in the expansion of civil, political, economic and social rights as the key for raising the standard for working women, and by extension for all of humanity. However, as Cobble notes, some full-rights activists did not measure up to the potential of this feminism. The juxtaposition of the activism of Black full-rights feminists helps expose this fault line of unexamined deep-seated racism, ethnocentrism, and stereotypical thinking that undermined the potential of full-rights feminism. Questions of economic and political democracy shaped the organizing efforts of Black full-rights feminists against disfranchisement, lynching, discrimination in housing, education and employment, and exclusion and segregation from public accommodations. In their transnational work, they supported policies and practices structured by Cold War imperatives, American racism and imperialism, and tensions between democracy and incipient autocracy in the emerging African nations. Cobble's book demonstrates the crucial ways that Black activists working together and with white allies pushed for the expansive promise of full-rights feminism, encompassing both political and economic rights and race and gender justice.
Sequence analyses of mitochondrial gene may support the existence of cryptic species withinAscaridia galli
Authors: Zhao Y. , Lu S.-F. , Li J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAscaridia galli(Nematoda: Ascaridiidae) is the most common intestinal roundworm of chickens and other birds with a worldwide distribution. AlthoughA.gallihas been extensively studied, knowledge of the genetic variation of this parasite in detail is still insufficient. The present study examined genetic variation in the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene amongA.galliisolates (n= 26) from domestic chickens in Hunan Province, China. A portion of thecox1 (pcox1) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction separately from adultA.galliindividuals and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The length of the sequences of pcox1 is 441 bp. Although the intra-specific sequence variation withinA.galliis 0–7.7%, the inter-specific sequence differences among other members of the infraorder Ascaridomorpha were 11.4–18.9%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the maximum likelihood method using the sequences of pcox1 confirmed that all of theAscaridiaisolates wereA.galli, and also resolved three distinct clades. Taken together, the findings suggest thatA.gallimay represent a complex of cryptic species. Our results provide an additional genetic marker for the management ofA.galliin chickens and other birds.
Risk factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California
Authors: Patterson Laura , Navarro-Gonzalez Nora , Jay-Russell Michele T. , Aminabadi Peiman , Pires Alda F. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The increasing number of diversified small-scale farms (DSSF) that raise outdoor-based livestock in the USA reflects growing consumer demand for sustainably produced food. Diversified farms are small scale and raise a combination of multiple livestock species and numerous produce varieties. This 2015–2016 cross-sectional study aimed to describe the unique characteristics of DSSF in California, estimate the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in livestock and evaluate the association between risk factors and the presence of STEC in livestock, using generalised linear mixed models. STEC prevalence was 13.62% (76/558). Significant variables in the mixed-effect logistic regression model included daily maximum temperature (OR 0.95; CI95% 0.91–0.98), livestock sample source (cattle (OR 4.61; CI95% 1.64–12.96) and sheep (OR 5.29; CI95% 1.80–15.51)), multiple species sharing the same barn (OR 6.23; CI95% 1.84–21.15) and livestock having contact with wild areas (OR 3.63; CI95% 1.37–9.62). Identification of STEC serogroups of public health concern (e.g. O157:H7, O26, O103) in this study indicated the need for mitigation strategies to ensure food safety by evaluating risk factors and management practices that contribute to the spread and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in a pre-harvest environment on DSSF.
Oxidant system and ABA drive germination in seeds of palm species with differences in desiccation tolerance
Authors: Santos Talita Raissa Silva , Bicalho Elisa Monteze , Garcia Queila Souza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigated the thermal thresholds to seed germination and the variations in abscisic acid (ABA) levels and oxidative metabolism during seed dormancy-breaking and germination in two palm species with differences in desiccation tolerance. We used Mauritia flexuosa (buriti palm, desiccation-sensitive seeds) from swampy habitats (Veredas) and Attalea speciosa (babassu, desiccation-tolerant seeds) from the transition zone between the forest and semi-arid region (drained soils). Germination was evaluated at 15–40°C after dormancy-breaking (operculum removal). At optimal temperature for both species (30°C), embryos were sampled in distinct germination phases – dry, imbibed, after operculum removal and at early germination – and used for quantifying ABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, antioxidant enzyme activities and for histolocalization of superoxide anion (O2−). Seeds of M. flexuosa germinated only in a narrow temperature range (25–35°C), while A. speciosa seeds germinated between 15 and 40°C. After operculum removal, reduced ABA levels in embryos of M. flexuosa were accompanied by constant H2O2 levels, while in A. speciosa, similar levels of ABA and H2O2 were maintained throughout all germination phases. The presence of O2− was restricted to the haustorium, and an increase in O2− accumulation was observed in both species after operculum removal. Similarities were noted between both species regarding enzyme activities; however, the activities were higher in embryos from M. flexuosa. The presence of O2− only in the haustorium indicates that this region of the embryo is an active structure following imbibition and is involved in germination itself, not just functioning in reserve mobilization.