bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion Therapy in Gastric Cancer – Curative Intent in Stage IV Patients is Beneficial
Authors: Muduly Dillip Kumar , Imaduddin Mohammed , Sultania Mahesh , Mohakud Sudipta , Panigrahi Manas Kumar , Majumdar Saroj Kumar Das , Patra Susama , Kar Madhabananda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Stage IV Gastric cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and is often managed with palliative chemotherapy. Conversion therapy in gastric cancer is a growing concept in the treatment of stage IV gastric cancer, wherein an R0 resection is attempted following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The present studied aimed to evaluate the role of conversion therapy in gastric cancer.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of a surgical database was performed. Clinically stage IV patients who received chemotherapy were divided into Group 1 with R0 resection (conversion surgery group) and Group 2 without R0 resection (Stage IV noncurative). Upfront operated stage III patients were identified as Group 3. The primary endpoint was overall survival.
Results
The database included 212 gastroesophageal patients, of which 47 patients were eligible for conversion therapy. Group 1 included 26 patients, Group 2 21 patients and Group 3 43 patients. The overall survival of Group 1 was significantly higher when compared with Group 2 (p-value: 0.03; HR: 2.14 with 95% CI: 1.04 -4.39). The overall survival in Group 3 was higher when compared to Group 1 but did not attain statistical significance (p-value: 0.30; HR: 1.44 with 95% CI: 0.71 – 2.90).
Conclusion
Stage IV gastric cancer has improved survival and offers a chance at potential cure if R0 resection is achieved after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This group of patients have similar survival to upfront resected stage III gastric cancer patients treated with curative intent.
Non-invasive Diagnostic Potential of microRNA-203 in Liquid Biopsy of Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder
Authors: Singh Pradeep , Singh Aishwarya , Gupta Nidhi , Raja K David , Singh Prabhjot , Agarwal Sarita , Sharma Alpana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
PurposeIncreased CD44 antigen activity has been reported in recurrent cases of UBC. To date, no reliable biomarker is available with high significance and specificity for non-invasive detection of UBC. This study aimed to identify a CD44-linked microRNAs (miRNAs) panel for non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer from other urinary tract malignancies.MethodsThe expression of CD44-linked miRNAs was examined in serum, urine, and tissue specimens of Indian UBC patients (N = 25). For this purpose, healthy subjects (N = 25) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (N = 10) patients were taken as controls. The relative expression of miRNAs was analysed in serum, urine and tissue samples using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic potential of these miRNAs was accessed by plotting ROC curve.ResultsIncreased miR-9 expression was observed in serum of UBC patients than healthy and BPH controls. In UBC patients, miR-34a expression was lower than healthy controls but non-significant as compared to BPH. miR-203 expression was considerably higher in serum of UBC patients but non-significant as compared to BPH controls. miR-203 was found to be considerably higher in urine samples from UBC patients as compared to BPH and healthy controls. The diagnostic potential of these miRNAs was evaluated using the ROC curve. Higher miR-203 levels in the urine of Indian UBC patients demonstrates its non-invasive diagnostic ability out of the three miRNAs studied.ConclusionsOur results characterize the non-invasive diagnostic potential of CD44-linked miR-203 in the urine of Indian UBC patients, which could be utilized in clinical settings in future after validation in larger patient cohort.
Intravenous Uptake of NMN is Safely Metabolize and Increases NAD+ Levels in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Kimura Shintarou , Ichikawa Misa , Sugawara Suzuka , Katagiri Tomoko , Hirasawa Yumi , Ishikawa Takahiro , Matsunaga Wataru , Gotoh Akinobu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels alleviates the progression of age-related diseases and promotes healthy life expectancy. Several studies have demonstrated that NAD+ levels can be efficiently replenished via intake of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and the safety of oral ingestion of NMN has been confirmed in recent clinical trials on healthy Japanese men. However, the efficacy and safety of intravenous NMN administration in humans remains unclear. Therefore, we verified the safety of NMN via venous intake in 10 healthy volunteers. Intravenous administration of NMN did not affect electrocardiograms, pulse, and blood pressure, nor did it affect metabolic markers in the liver, heart, pancreas, and kidneys. Furthermore, NMN administration not only significantly increased blood NAD+ levels without damaging blood cells, but also significantly improved sleep quality. Therefore, our findings indicate that intravenous NMN administration in humans is safe and beneficial for the prevention of aging-related diseases.
Pregnancy May Have Little Influence on Ground-glass Opacities Suspected for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bai Jinsong , Deng Chaoqiang , Fu Fangqiu , Li Di , Ma Zelin , Ma Xiangyi , Zhang Yang , Chen Haiquan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Due to the popularity of low-dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening, young women spotted with ground-glass opacities (GGO) is a growing subgroup in clinical practice. We aim to investigate the influence of pregnancy on GGOs suspected for lung adenocarcinoma.Methods: This retrospective study collected a series of female patients who were pregnant in follow-up of GGO lesions. The last CT images of GGO before pregnancy (CT1) and the first CT images after pregnancy (CT2) were reviewed to assess any radiologic change. Young female patients who were not pregnant in long-term (> 12 months) follow-up of GGO were enrolled as a comparison group. We also enrolled patients who gave birth within two years before surgical resection of GGOs.Results: Four patients were enrolled according to the criteria. There was no significant change of the GGOs in all four patients with a median follow-up duration of 45.5 (range: 17-86) months. Two patients were diagnosed pathologically to be minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, one was invasive adenocarcinoma and one did not underwent surgery. Six patients were enrolled in the comparison group and no significant change was witnessed in all the nodules. In those patients who gave birth within two years before surgical resection of GGOs, we found that the majority present as pre-invasive lesions, and those with invasive adenocarcinomas were bigger in size and possess more solid component radiologically.Conclusion: Pregnancy seems to have little impact on GGOs suspected for lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, pregnancy might be safely planned during the follow-up of GGOs.
Sequential acquisition of tyrosine kinase domain mutations in a case of chronic myeloid leukemia: A dormant clone war against TKI
Authors: Dhangar Somprakash , Ghatanatti Jagdeeshwar , Shanmukhaiah Chandrakala , Vundinti Babu Rao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has a high response rate in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However majority of patients relapse due to high mutation susceptibility of tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of BCR/ABL fusion gene. We report a case of CML which was diagnosed and monitored for 10 years as per the ELN guidelines. Mutational analysis using Sanger sequencing (SS) and Next generation sequencing (NGS) and In-silico study was performed. The present case describes the acquisition pattern of TKD mutation against the TKIs (Imatinib, Dasatinib and Nilotinib) at different time points. Interestingly, NGS identified a dormant mutant clone with p.G250E mutation in 2019 which was first detected by SS in 2011 along with one novel mutation p. Ala287Thr, which likely explain the dormant nature of these mutant clones. Bioinformatics analysis (Modelling and docking) of novel variant revealed that mutation detected through deep sequencing technique reducing the IM efficacy by increasing inhibition constant and suggests higher concentration of IM to overcome such mutations. The study highlights the importance of NGS in CML, as it can detects clinically relevant low level mutant clones in CML patients.
Exploring the perspectives of healthcare providers on providing HIV prevention and treatment services for Key Populations in Rwanda: a qualitative study.
Authors: Igihozo Gloria , Sichali Junious Mabo , Medhe Sandip , Wong Rex 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:The HIV prevalence and incidence among the general population in Rwanda have decreased significantly in the past decade, with only about 3% prevalence as of 2019. However, opposite trends are seen among the key populations (KP). The prevalence among commercial sex workers is as high as 51%, and the HIV rates among this group continue to rise. While the prevalence among key populations remains high, their adherence to HIV treatment is low compared to the general population. Healthcare providers play a vital role in ensuring key populations’ access to HIV treatment, adherence, and program retention. This study aimed to explore the experiences of healthcare providers in providing HIV services to key populations in Rwanda.Methods:A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted with nurses, doctors, social workers, and psychologists who provide HIV services in health facilities in Rwanda. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Transcribed and translated data were coded according to a structured code book. All data were organized and analyzed using Dedoose software (version 8.3.35).Results: Interviews with 18 healthcare providers were conducted; participants included 1 doctor (5.6%), 5 social workers (27.8%), and 12 nurses (66.7%). All participants had worked with key populations, especially commercial sex workers and men who have sex with men. Three overarching themes emerged from the interviews: healthcare providers’ intrinsic feelings affect the ways they provide HIV services to key populations, key populations face a multitude of challenges related to accessing treatment and preventing the spread of HIV, and a more comprehensive and sensitive approach should be used to improve HIV services for key populations. Conclusion: Healthcare providers expressed difficulties in providing services to key populations as they tend not to adhere to treatment and prevention guidelines, caused by some structural barriers, their lack of trust in the system, and the discrimination and abuse they have faced. More comprehensive services including clinical, financial, and psychosocial support from trusted sources are needed. Some important policy changes may be needed to allow KPs to purchase community-based health insurance.
Sex differences in long-term outcomes after revascularization for three-vessel coronary disease
Authors: Liu Yuguo , Zhu Yifan , Wang Junjie , Lv Haichen , Meng Shaoke , Qu Shenglin , Yin Da , Zhou Xuchen , Zhu Hao , Guo Lei , Li Yuming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the impact of gender on long-term outcomes of after revascularization in patients with three-vessel disease (TVD), a severe type of coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: A total of 3776 patients with TVD who underwent revascularization between 2013 and 2018 were analyzed and were divided into the female group (n = 1039, 27.5%) and the male group (n = 2737, 72.5%). We performed a propensity score matching (PSM) to balance the baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was the frequency of major adverse and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The secondary outcome was the incidence of all-cause death. Results: Through 2.4-year follow-up, no significant differences in MACCE (25.8% vs. 27.5%, p = 0.279) and all-cause death (2.1% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.888) were observed between the two cohorts. Similar results as with the early detection were obtained in propensity-matched patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that female gender (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.88-1.17, p = 0.820) was not an independent predictor of MACCE but hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, left main trunk involvement and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40% were independently associated with a higher MACCE rate in these patients. Conclusions: For patients with TVD after coronary revascularization, there were no sex-related differences in the long-term outcomes and female gender was not an independent predictor of MACCE.
Underweight Among the Children Under Five Years Age in Northeastern States, India
Authors: Chauhan Kirti , Chiero Vekutulu , Mandal Debarghya , Singh Kh Jitenkumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAge-appropriate weight or underweight is one of the normative indexes of physical development that describe the nutritional state of children. Northeast India has a wide range of sociocultural child-rearing activities due to the region's varied tribal and ethnic populations which in some or the other way affect the nutritional status among children in early ages. An attempt has been made to assess the prevalence and determine the risk of underweight among children in northeast region in India.MethodsThe present study is based on a publicly available National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16 data. Multilevel random intercept model approach has been used to investigate the impact of independent variables at different social hierarchical levels on the underweight status in the study population.ResultsChildren whose mother's level of education was no education or primary were 1.13 and 1.34 times more likely to be underweight respectively than those with secondary or higher level of education. The risk of being underweight were 2.4 times higher among children of 4 years of age compared to those with age less than 1 year. Poorest wealth quintile had 2.45 times higher chance of being underweight.ConclusionStudy suggests that education of mother’s education, child's sex, age, type of residence, social status, and household’s wealth index affect the underweight among children. Hence, to combat the situation in northeast states, policymakers must make policies with a strong reliance on communities with a higher prevalence and risk.
Only vaccinations cannot reduce mortality and stop the COVID-19 pandemic because of manifold environmental and socioeconomic factors driving diffusion
Authors: Coccia Mario 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One of the fundamental problems in COVID-19 pandemic crisis is whether vaccinations are a sufficient strategy to reduce mortality and mitigate negative effects of this novel infectious disease in society. This study confronts the problem here by developing an analysis of the relation between people fully vaccinated and mortality between countries to clarify sources and effects of COVID-19 pandemic in society. Methodology applies correlation and regression analyses based on global data of more than 150 countries. Findings reveal a strong positive correlation between share of people fully vaccinated and COVID-19 mortality in January 2022 (r= .65, p-value <.01). Multiple analysis of regression shows that a 1% higher share of people fully vaccinated, increases the expected deaths per 100 000 people by 0.7% (p-value < 0.001), controlling GDP per capita between countries. These results seem to suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations are not a sufficient strategy to reduce the negative impact of the new infectious disease in society, because socioeconomic and environmental factors, mutations of the novel coronavirus and technological aspects of countries (e.g., equipment of non-invasive ventilators in countries) affect the spread and mortality of this pandemic between countries. Overall, then, a pandemic policy only based on vaccinations cannot cope with the eradication of COVID-19 pandemic because manifold factors drive the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and generate a lot of negative impacts in economic systems, though high levels of vaccinations in some countries.
Urbanization Affects the Occurrence of a Large Stingless Bee Species in a Large City
Authors: Antonini Yasmine , Martins Rogerio Parentoni 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Insightful studies of habitat fragmentation and bees will consider fragmentation, alteration, and loss of nesting habitats, not just patches of forage plants, as well as the permeability of the surrounding matrix to interpatch movement. Most previous studies on bees defined habitat fragments as remnant patches of floral hosts or forests, overlooking the nesting needs of bees, with their conclusions being that habitat fragmentation is broadly deleterious, but there still remain contrasting results in the literature. We investigated the effects of fragmentation, caused by urbanization, and the permeability of the surrounding matrix on the occurrence of one species of large-sized stingless bee. Individuals of Melipona quadrifasciata were collected at flowering plants in 11 Atlantic Forest fragments (ranging 64–1,406 ha) in southeastern Brazil and analyzed the vegetation structure of the fragments and classified the urbanized matrix. We examined the effects of forest fragment size, fragment isolation and the urban landscape context on the occurrence of M. quadrifasciata. We found the species to be highly dependent on large and tall trees and was found in large fragments with high tree species richness and tree density. The urbanized landscape context was also found to be directly related to the presence of M. quadrifasciata, with the species’ absence from fragments in a highly urbanized landscape. We conclude that habitat quality within a fragment (vegetation structure), as well as matrix quality, are directly related to the occurrence of M. quadrifasciata, as shown by the direct relationship between environmental structural diversity and fragment age. The matrix holding recent fragments, probably due to the sprawl of the city, is more heterogeneous than the one with the oldest fragments. The most heterogeneous matrices possess a certain balance between trees, buildings and bare soil or herbaceous vegetation coverage, making them less impermeable to bees.
Biotic and Abiotic Sources of Stress on Wild Rocket Classified by Leaf-Image Hyperspectral Data Mining with an Artificial Intelligence Model
Authors: Navarro Alejandra , Nicastro Nicola , Costa Corrado , Pentangelo Alfonso , Cardarelli Mariateresa , Ortenzi Luciano , Pallottino Federico , Cardi Teodoro , Pane Catello 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) is prone to soil-borne stresses under intensive cultivation systems devoted to ready-to-eat salad chain, increasing needs for external inputs. Early detection of the abiotic and biotic stresses by using digital reflectance-based probes may allow optimization and enhance performances of the mitigation strategies.Methods: Hyperspectral image analysis was applied to D. tenuifolia potted plants subjected, in a greenhouse experiment, to five treatments for one week: a control treatment watered to 100% water holding capacity, two biotic stresses: Fusarium wilting and Rhizoctonia rotting, and two abiotic stresses: water deficit and salinity. Leaf hyperspectral fingerprints were submitted to an artificial intelligence pipeline for training and validating image-based classification models able to work in the stress range. Spectral investigation was corroborated by pertaining physiological parameters. Results: Water status was mainly affected by water deficit treatment, followed by fungal diseases, while salinity did not change water relations of wild rocket plants compared to control treatment. Biotic stresses triggered discoloration in plants just in a week after application of the treatments, as evidenced by the colour space coordinates and pigment contents values. Some vegetation indices, calculated on the bases of the reflectance data, targeted on plant vitality and chlorophyll content, healthiness, and carotenoid content, agreed with the patterns of variations observed for the physiological parameters. Artificial neural network helped selection of VIS (492-504, 540-568 and 712-720 nm) and NIR (855, 900-908 and 970 nm) bands, whose read reflectance contributed to discriminate stresses by imaging. Conclusions: This study provided significative spectral information linked to the assessed stresses, allowing the identification of narrowed spectral regions and single wavelengths due to changes in photosynthetically active pigments and in water status revealing the etiological cause.
PERAN AKUNTANSI KARBON PADA PERUSAHAAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN GLOBAL WARMING
Authors: Rahmawati Ayuni , Tsamrotussaadah Indah , Salsabila Zahrah , Maulana Agus 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAK Pada tahun 2018-2019 tingkat deforestasi Indonesia mengalami peningkatan dari tahun sebelumnya. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya ialah hilangnya sebagian fungsi hutan sebagai penyerap karbon akibat penebangan hutan yang sebagian dilakukan untuk kepentingan perusahaan. Hal ini mempengaruhi perubahan iklim yang menyebabkan terjadinya pemanasan global. Sehingga, muncullah akuntansi karbon yang bertujuan untuk menghitung jumlah emisi karbon yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan setiap tahunnya. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif kajian pustaka yang bersumber pada buku-buku teks, website resmi di internet, hasil penelitian dalam bentuk skripsi, dan jurnal-jurnal ilmiah. Adapun tujuan penulis melakukan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui peran akuntansi karbon pada perusahaan dalam pencegahan global warming. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akuntansi karbon berperan untuk membantu perluasan daerah penyerapan gas rumah kaca (GRK) dan juga membantu para pemegang kepentingan perusahaan untuk mengatur strategi agar emisi karbon yang dihasilkan dapat diminimalisasi. Selain itu, akuntansi karbon juga dapat memberikan banyak manfaat bagi lingkungan sekitarnya. Jadi, dengan diterapkannya akuntansi karbon di perusahaan dapat memperluas lahan penyerapan GRK. Dengan begitu, akuntansi karbon akan membantu global warming untuk tidak semakin memburuk atau bahkan dapat menurunkannya.Kata Kunci: akuntansi karbon, pemanasan global, peran akuntansi karbon, gas rumah kaca, emisi karbonABSTRACT In 2018-2019 the rate of deforestation in Indonesia has increased from the previous year. One of the causes of the increase in deforestation is the loss of part of the forest's function as a carbon sink due to deforestation, partly for the benefit of companies. This affects climate change which causes global warming. Therefore, carbon accounting emerged, which aims to calculate the amount of carbon emissions produced by companies every year. This research methodology uses qualitative research methods literature review sourced from text books, the official website of the internet, research results in the form of a thesis, and scientific journals. The purpose of this research is to determine the role of carbon accounting in companies in preventing global warming. The results of this study indicate that carbon accounting plays a role to expand the absorption area of greenhouse gases and also to help corporate stakeholders to set strategies so that the resulting carbon emissions can be minimized. In addition, carbon accounting can also provide many benefits to the surrounding environment. That way, carbon accounting will help global warming not get worse or even reduce the level of global warming. Keywords: carbon accounting, global warming, the role of carbon accounting, greenhouse gases, carbon emission