bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Conversion of α‐Amino Acids into α‐Amino Phosphonates by Decarboxylative Phosphorylation using Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Reich Dominik , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmino phosphonates exhibit potent inhibitory activity for a wide range of biological processes due to their specific structural and electronic properties, making them important in a plethora of applications, including as enzyme inhibitors, herbicides, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal agents. While the traditional synthesis of α‐amino phosphonates has relied on the multicomponent Kabachnik‐Fields reaction, we herein describe a novel and facile conversion of activated derivatives of α‐amino acids directly to their respective α‐amino phosphonate counterparts via a decarboxylative radical–polar crossover process enabled by the use of visible‐light organophotocatalysis. The novel method shows broad applicability across a range of natural and synthetic amino acids, operates under mild conditions, and has been demonstrated to successfully achieve the late‐stage functionalization of drug molecules.
Biocompatible and Selective Generation of Bicyclic Peptides**
Authors: Ullrich Sven , George Josemon , Coram Alexandra E. , Morewood Richard , Nitsche Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBicyclic peptides possess superior properties for drug discovery; however, their chemical synthesis is not straightforward and often neither biocompatible nor fully orthogonal to all canonical amino acids. The selective reaction between 1,2‐aminothiols and 2,6‐dicyanopyridine allows direct access to complex bicyclic peptides in high yield. The process can be fully automated using standard solid‐phase peptide synthesis. Bicyclization occurs in water at physiological pH within minutes and without the need for a catalyst. The use of various linkers allows tailored bicyclic peptides with qualities such as plasma stability, conformational preorganization, and high target affinity. We demonstrate this for a bicyclic inhibitor of the Zika virus protease NS2B‐NS3 as well as for bicyclic versions of the α‐helical antimicrobial peptide aurein 1.2.
Development of Zn1−xBaxO nanoparticles reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) macromolecular nanocomposite films: Eco‐friendly integrated materials for optical systems
Authors: Chandrappa Halli , Bhajantri Rajashekhar Fakeerappa , Ismayil  , Ganesha Kaliyur Nanjundaiah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we report the synthesis of Ba doped ZnO (Zn1−xBaxO, [x = 0.05]) nanoparticles (NPs) with a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure using chemical co‐precipitation method and prepared optically transparent, high refractive index polymer nanocomposite films by incorporating Zn1−xBaxO into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The average crystallite size of 104 nm was estimated by Scherrer's formula from X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The crystallinity of the composite film is significantly increased when Zn1−xBaxO NPs are added. The basic principles and theoretical aspects of scattering, transparency and refractive index of the composite structures are discussed. The formation of ZnBaO inter metallic bond was confirmed by the IR peaks that appear at the spectral wavenumbers (⁓596–608) cm−1. ATR‐FTIR spectral transmittance strongly proves the intermolecular interactions that occur in the composite film with molecular modification and various functional group impressions. UV–Vis absorption spectrum demonstrates a strong absorption edge around 379 nm owing to oxygen species corresponding to ZnBaO nanostructures in the composite films. The developed polymer composite films yielded strikingly higher RI value of ⁓(n = 2.5) having Abbe's number (υD = 10) with 57% plus transparency for 5 wt% NPs (ZBP‐3) with sufficiently low extinction coefficient values (k⁓10−4). Optical conductivity (σopt) was found to elevate from σopt ⁓ (4.465 × 1010) s−1 for pristine PVA to a σopt ⁓ (1.309 × 1012) s−1 for 5 wt% Zn0.95Ba0.05O filled composite films. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a significant increase in the Tg value. The significant increase in Tm and Td > 311°C values indicates excellent thermal stability. Hence, the nanocomposite films demonstrated an integrated system of excellent refractive index, considerable visual transparency and excellent thermal stability, establishing their potential for use as a wider spectrum of optical system requirements.
Recent advancements in enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials: Synthesis, mechanistic formation, and applications
Authors: Anboo Shamini , Lau Sie Yon , Kansedo Jibrail , Yap Pow‐Seng , Hadibarata Tony , Jeevanandam Jaison , Kamaruddin Azlina H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, nanotechnology has been developed and employed across various entities. Among the numerous nanostructured material types, enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials have shown great potential in various fields, as an alternative to biologically derived as well as synthetically developed hybrid structures. The mechanism of incorporating enzyme onto a nanostructure depends on several factors including the method of immobilization, type of nanomaterial, as well as operational and environmental conditions. The prospects of enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials have shown promising results across various applications, such as biocatalysts, biosensors, drug therapy, and wastewater treatment. This is due to their excellent ability to exhibit chemical and physical properties such as high surface‐to‐volume ratio, recovery and/or reusability rates, sensitivity, response scale, and stable catalytic activity across wide operating conditions. In this review, the evolution of enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials along with their impact on our society due to its state‐of‐the‐art properties, and its significance across different industrial applications are discussed. In addition, the weakness and future prospects of enzyme‐incorporated nanomaterials were also discussed to guide scientists for futuristic research and development in this field.
A Tumor‐Targeting Dual‐Stimuli‐Activatable Photodynamic Molecular Beacon for Precise Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Tam Leo K. B. , He Lin , Ng Dennis K. P. , Cheung Peter C. K. , Lo Pui‐Chi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA multifunctional photodynamic molecular beacon (PMB) has been designed and synthesized which contains an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐targeting cyclic peptide and a trimeric phthalocyanine skeleton in which the three zinc(II) phthalocyanine units are each substituted with a glutathione (GSH)‐responsive 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS) quencher and are linked via two cathepsin B‐cleavable GFLG peptide chains. This tailor‐made conjugate is fully quenched in the native form due to the photoinduced electron transfer effect of the DNBS moieties and the self‐quenching of the phthalocyanine units. It can target the EGFR overexpressed in cancer cells, and after receptor‐mediated endocytosis, it can be activated selectively by the co‐existence of intracellular GSH and cathepsin B, both of which are also overproduced in cancer cells, in terms of fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen generation. The cell‐selective behavior of this PMB has been demonstrated using a range of cancer cells with different expression levels of EGFR, while the stimuli‐responsive properties have been studied both in vitro and in various aqueous media. The overall results show that this advanced PMB, which exhibits several levels of control of the tumor specificity, is a promising photosensitizer for precise antitumoral photodynamic therapy.
Azaborinine
Authors: Appiarius Yannik , Staubitz Anne 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer formale Austausch zweier benachbarter Kohlenstoffatome im klassischen Aromaten Benzol durch jeweils ein Bor‐ und ein Stickstoffatom liefert ein 1,2‐Azaborinin. Dieses weist im Vergleich zum aus alternierenden Bor‐ und Stickstoffatomen bestehenden Sechsring Borazin eine deutlich gesteigerte Aromatizität auf, was experimentell etwa durch eine Untersuchung der Bindungslängen, Resonanzstabilisierungsenergien, NMR‐Verschiebungen oder Reaktivitäten gegenüber Elektrophilen nachgewiesen werden konnte. Im Labor lassen sich monozyklische Azaborinine vor allem über Olefinmetathesen offenkettiger B,N‐Allylderivate und anschließende Aromatisierung herstellen, doch auch der Einbau in größere Systeme ist möglich. Sowohl monozyklische als auch polyzyklische Azaborinine weisen ein großes Anwendungspotential etwa in den Materialwissenschaften, der Pharmakologie oder der Analytik auf, da die polare B‐N‐Einheit eine Reihe neuartiger chemischer, physikalischer und optischer Eigenschaften induziert.
Load balancing techniques for fog computing environment: Comparison, taxonomy, open issues, and challenges
Authors: Kashyap Vijaita , Kumar Ashok 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYLoad balancing (LB) is nothing but the systematic distribution of load over different servers. The fog server is handling the maximum data of the cloud server to enhance the advancement of users' requests. The growth in data requests is escalating, and fog computing has intensified the accessibility of the data. Fog computing achieves many challenges according to the demands of the users, but even so, some challenges require more progress. The problem faced by fog computing is LB due to an increase in traffic on the network layer. Various LB techniques have already been proposed in the cloud layer, but until now they have only been in progress in the fog layer. Inefficient LB may cause a decrease in service quality, like delays in response time, processing time, security, and many more. In this survey, several algorithms have been discussed that are based on LB, which works out the issue of overloaded data on the network. Some parameters that authors have focused in LB are latency, bandwidth, deadlines, cost, security, execution time, and response time. Other parameters based on fault tolerance are also discussed with their quality parameter table and algorithm. In addition to this some of the limitations of the author's work, that is discussed in this article.
Preparation of antihypertensive peptides from quinoa via fermentation with Lactobacillus paracasei
Authors: Li Shuai , Du Gengan , Shi Jiajun , Zhang Lin , Yue Tianli , Yuan Yahong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuinoa is a pseudo‐cereal that is rich in protein and an ideal source of antihypertensive peptides. In this study, quinoa flour was fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei CICC 20241 via solid fermentation to produce antihypertensive peptides. The peptides were isolated and purified by ultrafiltration and gel chromatography, and then identified by liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 91 peptides were identified. In addition, five potential angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were synthesized with reference to in silico analysis. Among them, NIFRPFAPEL and AALEAPRILNL had the greatest inhibitory effect, with an IC50 of 49.02 and 79.72 µM, respectively. Inhibition dynamics and molecular docking indicated that NIFRPFAPEL formed eight hydrogen bonds with ACE residues Tyr523, Arg522, Glu384, Glu143, Glu123, Thr92, Tyr62, and Trp59. NIFRPFAPEL exerted a competitive inhibitory effect by interacting with residues Tyr523 and Glu384 of pocket S1. AALEAPRILNL exerted a noncompetitive inhibitory effect by forming eight hydrogen bonds with the inactive ACE site residues Ser516, Glu403, Ser355, Glu143, ARG124, and Asn70. These results confirmed that quinoa is a potential material for antihypertensive functional foods, while NIFRPFAPEL and AALEAPRILNL could be used for the development of antihypertensive functional foods or drugs.
Screening of high lipid content and productivity of microalgae under photoautotrophic cultivation for biodiesel production
Authors: Jarungkeerativimol Paninee , Chonsongkram Jaruwan , Sappamongkolchai Werasit , Sultan Imrana Niaz , Tareen Afrasiab Khan , Parakulsuksatid Pramuk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicroalgae are globally accepted source of fatty acids (FA) due to their cell's potential to efficiently accumulate triacylglycerides which contain a significant amount of fatty acids for biodiesel production. This study aimed to screen nine (09) green microalgae strains in the laboratory for their high biomass and lipid productivity. Various microalgae strains were cultured at 30°C, with a light to dark ratio of 16:8 h (10–12 klux of light intensity) and aeration supplementation of 2% CO2 for longer period of time. The fatty acids of all microalgae species which showed growth potential under photoautotrophic cultivation had similar fatty acids found in palm oil. The selected strains of Ankistrodesmus sp. IFRPD 1061 and Chlorella sp. IFRPD 1092 were used due to their high lipid productivity content, were cultivated in 100 L NS III medium in an open raceway pond, aerated with 2% v/v CO2. The biomass concentration and productivity, lipid concentration and productivity of Ankistrodesmus sp. IFRPD 1061 (0.865 g/L, 76.250 mg/L/d, 0.167 g/L, and 14.685 mg/L/d, respectively) were found to be higher than those of Chlorella sp. IFRPD 1092 (0.433 g/L, 31.250 mg/L/d, 0.137 g/L, and 8.528 mg/L/d, respectively). Ankistrodesmus sp. IFRPD 1061 showed potential results of growing microalgae under photoautotrophic cultivation for biodiesel production.
The finance–growth nexus in the Middle East and Africa: A comparative meta‐analysis
Authors: Anwar Amar , Iwasaki Ichiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy taking 1417 estimates from 96 studies and applying advanced meta‐analysis techniques, this study compares the effect size of financial development (FD) and liberalization on economic growth in the Middle East and Africa. We find that the overall finance–growth nexus is positive, yet its effect size differs across regions. Indeed, finance has a larger growth‐enhancing effect in the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) region than in the Middle East and North Africa region. This finding is supported by meta‐regression analysis that controls for various study conditions simultaneously. Moreover, we uncovered that the extracted estimates contain evidence of the true effect size of FD and liberalization on growth in the extant literature and SSA studies.
Knowledge about oral cancer among dental students and Primary Health Care dentists: A Brazilian study
Authors: de Lima Medeiros Yuri , de Matos Silveira Gabriela , Clemente Vitória Batista , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves , Vilela Eduardo Machado , de Abreu Guimarães Letícia Drumond 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThe present study aims to evaluate the knowledge of dental students and dentists who work in Primary Health Care (PHC). These are professionals who work in the public basic health units regarding oral cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.MethodsA cross‐sectional and observational Brazilian study was conducted. A survey with 27 questions was carried out regarding the (i) demographic, academic, and professional data of the participants, (ii) attitudes, practices, and self‐perception about their training, and (iii) knowledge about oral cancer. With the exception of one question regarding the clinical characteristics of oral cancer, all knowledge answers were graded as correct or incorrect. Grades were assigned to each participant according to their level of knowledge, and scores for each participant were calculated ranging from 1 to 10. Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine the difference in the knowledge score of oral cancer according to explanatory variables. The level of significance adopted was 5%.ResultsThe sample comprised 541 dental students and 82 PHC dentists. Most participants did not consider it appropriate or had not received training for palpation of lymph nodes or for identifying lymphadenopathies associated with oral cancer. Less than 20% of the participants had some kind of practice before and felt safe performing biopsy surgery. The average student score was 7.01 ± 2.15, and the average dentist score was 7.81 ± 1.467.ConclusionAlthough the scores were satisfactory, most of the participants did not show adequate knowledge about biopsy and palpation of cervical lymph nodes.
Non‐clinical considerations for supporting accelerated inclusion of pregnant women in pre‐licensure clinical trials with anti‐HIV agents
Authors: Greupink Rick , van Hove Hedwig , Mhlanga Felix , Theunissen Peter , Colbers Angela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo allow the continued participation of women enrolled in pre‐licensure clinical trials who become pregnant, and to potentially enrol pregnant women in clinical trials, non‐clinical developmental and reproductive toxicology studies (DART) are essential. Generally during pharmaceutical development, DART studies are conducted late during clinical development, leading to the exclusion of pregnant women from enrolment and withdrawal of women becoming pregnant during pre‐licensure trials.DiscussionCompleting all DART studies prior to or early during the conduct of phase 3 trials (i.e. earlier than current common practice) can accelerate and facilitate the inclusion of women who become pregnant during pre‐licensure trials to remain on study drug and to potentially enrol pregnant women more rapidly. Promoting complementary strategies, such as alternative combinations of DART study designs and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling, could better inform drug dosing and safety in pregnancy at an earlier stage in drug development. The interpretation of the results of non‐clinical DART studies is often complex. Institutional review boards/ethics committees should have access to relevant expertise for interpretation and application of results of non‐clinical developmental and reproductive toxicity studies. Clear communication and thorough understanding of non‐clinical findings and the overall benefit–risk profile of the product are critical to review protocols and determine if women who become pregnant during a clinical trial could continue on study drug and/or to enrol pregnant women in the trial. The informed consent document should be well written so that participants can make an informed decision to stay on study drug or participate in a trial during pregnancy. Ultimately, the decision to allow women who become pregnant during pre‐licensure trials to remain on study will depend on the totality of the evidence and benefit–risk considerations.ConclusionsWe propose that industry completes non‐clinical reproductive toxicity studies prior to or early during the conduct of phase 3 trials in HIV drug development, especially for priority agents, and potentially uses alternative DART study design strategies to achieve this goal.
Development of optimized regression model for Raman spectral analysis of pharmaceutical drugs cefixime and sitagliptin
Authors: Bajwa Jawad‐ur‐Rehman , Hussain Abdullah Ijaz , Nawaz Haq , Chatha Shahzad Ali Shahid , Gulzar Tahsin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo build a robust model for the quantification of pharmaceutical drugs, different regression algorithms and preprocessing techniques are employed. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used for the analysis of solid dosage formulations of two drugs, cefixime and sitagliptin. Using the different amounts of excipients and active pure ingredients (API), the different concentrations of cefixime and sitagliptin are made. The principal component regression (PCA), partial least‐squares regression (PLSR), and PLSR based on feature selection by variable importance in projection (VIP) scores are used to regress the model to quantify the API concentration of cefixime and sitagliptin in a mixture of excipients. These models are built on both normalized and unnormalized data of cefixime and sitagliptin to check the performance of the constructed models. By comparing errors of all trained models, it is observed that the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were minimum in the case of PLSR model construction on unnormalized data of both cefixime and sitagliptin.
State‐level scope of practice regulations for nurse practitioners impact work environments: Six state investigation
Authors: Poghosyan Lusine , Stein Jordan H. , Liu Jianfang , Spetz Joanne , Osakwe Zainab T. , Martsolf Grant 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNurse practitioner (NP) scope of practice (SOP) policies are different across the United States. Little is known about their impact on NP work environment in healthcare organizations. We investigated the association between SOP policies and organizational‐level work environment of NPs. Through a cross‐sectional survey design, data were collected from 1244 NPs in six states with variable SOP regulations (Arizona, New Jersey, Washington, Pennsylvania, Texas, and California) in 2018–2019. Arizona and Washington had full SOP—NPs had full authority to deliver care. New Jersey and Pennsylvania had reduced SOP with physician collaboration requirement; California and Texas had restricted SOP with physician supervision requirement. NPs completed mail or online surveys containing the Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire, which has these subscales: NP‐Administration Relations (NP‐AR), NP‐Physician Relations (NP‐PR), Independent Practice and Support (IPS), and Professional Visibility (PV). Regression models assessed the relationship between state‐level SOP and practice‐level NP work environment. NP‐AR scores were higher in full SOP states compared to reduced (β = 0.22,p < 0.01) and restricted (β = 0.15,p < 0.01) SOP states. Similarly, IPS scores were higher in full SOP states. The PV scores were also higher in full SOP states compared to reduced (β = 0.16,p < 0.001) and restricted (β = 0.12,p < 0.05) SOP states. There was no relationship between SOP and NP‐PR score. State‐level policies affect NP work environment. In states with more favorable policies, NPs have better relationships with administration and report more role visibility and support. Efforts should be made to remove unnecessary SOP restrictions.
ADOPO‐anchored benzothiadiazole derivative toward efficiently P/N/S synergistic flame retarding of epoxy thermoset
Authors: Zhang Wu , Xia Weikang , Shi Yasheng , Zhou Changlin , Chen Ran , Wang Lei , Qu Jinqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlame‐retarded epoxy thermosets are highly desirable for electronics‐related basic materials in the new‐generation information applications. Herein, a DOPO‐anchored benzothiadiazole flame retardant, namelyDOPO‐BTD, is designed and synthesized for P/N/S synergistic flame‐retarded epoxy thermosets.DOPO‐BTDpossesses good thermal stability and excellent compatibility with the epoxy matrix. As reflected by UL 94 test, theDOPO‐BTDcoated EP passes the V0 rating and achieves a higher LOI value of 34.6% at ultralow P content of 0.39 wt%. The investigation of theDOPO‐BTD‐triggered P/N/S synergistic flame‐retarded effect by thermal images further validated the flame retarded efficacy and dramatic inhibition of the flame. Meanwhile, the incorporation of 4.8 wt%DOPO‐BTDinto the epoxy matrix, the PHRR, THR, SPR, TSP, and COP are significantly decreased by 37.97%, 27.44%, 25.49%, 19.83%, and 31.70%, respectively. Additionally, the fire growth index (FGI) is sharply dropped 26.06%. Moreover, the TGIR and TGMS results convince the flame‐retarded mechanism ofDOPO‐BTDthrough the combination of the gas‐phase and condensed‐phase pathways. The P/N/S synergisticDOPO‐BTDcan serve as a promising flame retardant for efficiently fabricating the flame‐retarded epoxy thermosets, and this study sheds light on the development of multiple elements synergistic flame‐retardants for functional polymers with great application potential.