bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of the Health Implications of Oral Sex among Registered Nurses in Nigeria: An Online Pilot Study
Authors: Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Nwafor Jacob Njideka , Amoo Babatunde Abiodun , Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles , Ogbeide Mike Eghosa , Hundeji Abdullahi Adamu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction Oral sex is a pleasurable act that has its health implications, particularly sexually transmitted oral infections. In Nigeria, nurses constitute one of the at-risk population groups due to reports of risky sexual behavior among them. This study seeks to investigate the knowledge of nurses in Nigeria on the health implications of oral sex.
Methods This study was a survey of a pilot volunteer sample (n = 129) of registered nurses in Nigeria. The study tool was an anonymous questionnaire that was circulated electronically to nurses via social media platforms. Data collected was analyzed using the SPSS Version 20 software (IBM Corp, New York, New York, United States).
Results The majority (90.7%) of the 129 respondents had received training on oral health, 49.6% had engaged in oral sex before, and 58.1% were willing to engage in oral sex in future. History of previous oral health training was the only background characteristic found to be statistically significantly associated with the knowledge of oral sex-related health implications among nurses (p-value = 0.004); other characteristics (such as gender, age, and marital status) were not statistically significant (p-values >0.05). From multivariate analysis, history of oral health training was also found to be a statistically significant predictor of such knowledge (p-value = 0.015).
Conclusion Oral health knowledge is a significant determinant of the knowledge of oral sex-related health implications. This study also provides the preliminary evidence that forms the base on which further research should be conducted in this area.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Endometrial Cancer – A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment of Meta-Analyses
Authors: Mariño Mario Arturo González 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective To assess the quality of recent meta-analyses reviewing the diagnostic utility of sentinel node biopsy in endometrial cancer.
Methods With the MeSH terms endometrial neoplasms and sentinel lymph node biopsy, PubMed and Embase databases were searched on October 21, 2020, and again on November 10, 2021, with meta-analysis and publication date filters set to since 2015. The articles included were classified with the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) assessment tool.
Results The database searches found 17, 7 of which, after the screening, were selected for full review by the author, finally extracting six meta-analyzes for quality analysis. The rating with the AMSTAR 2 assessment tool found that overall confidence in their results was critically low.
Conclusion This study found that the quality of recent meta-analyses on the utility of the staging of endometrial cancer with sentinel node biopsy, evaluated by the AMSTAR 2 assessment tool, is classified as critically low, and, therefore, these meta-analyses are not reliable in the summary of their studies.
Effect of molasses on fermentation quality of wheat straw ensiled with perennial ryegrass
Authors: Dong Dong , Xu Guofeng , Dai Tongtong , Zong Cheng , Yin Xuejing , Bao Yuhong , Shao Tao 
Published: June 2022

Context Insufficient supply of silage has limited the development of animal husbandry in Tibet, where natural pasture may not meet requirements. Although wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw could be a supplementary forage, it is difficult to ensile. Mixing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and adding molasses may help to facilitate successful ensilage. Aims The objectives were to determine the proper mixing ratios of wheat straw and perennial ryegrass for silage, and to evaluate the effects of different levels of molasses on fermentation quality. Methods In Experiment 1, wheat straw was ensiled without perennial ryegrass or mixed at ratios of 4:1, 3:2 and 2:3 (fresh-weight basis). Fermentation quality was evaluated when the laboratory silos were opened after 7, 14, 30 and 60 days. In Experiment 2, a mixture of wheat straw and perennial ryegrass (2:3) was treated with 0%, 3%, 4% and 5% molasses (fresh-weight basis) and ensiled. Fermentation quality was determined at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days. Key results In Experiment 1, inclusion of perennial ryegrass significantly (P < 0.05) increased lactic acid and water-soluble carbohydrate contents and the lactic acid:acetic acid ratio, and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased pH and contents of ammonia-nitrogen, acetic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids. The 2:3 mixture of wheat straw ensiled with perennial ryegrass was judged the best, with the highest lactic acid content and lowest pH and butyric acid content (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, molasses addition significantly (P < 0.05) increased lactic acid, water-soluble carbohydrate and dry matter contents, and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased pH and ammonia-nitrogen content compared with the control. Trace amounts of propionic and butyric acids were observed in all silages. Fermentation quality was similar among all treatments with added molasses. Conclusions Considering the costs of additives, 3% molasses was most suitable for practical application when ensiling wheat straw with perennial ryegrass at an optimum ratio of 2:3. Implications This work may help to inform producers on efficient utilisation of wheat straw for silage making by demonstrating successful ensiling with perennial ryegrass and added molasses.
Investigating young Finnish CLIL pupils’ perceptions of foreign language use through visual narratives
Authors: Mäntylä Katja , Roiha Anssi , Dufva Hannele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores how pupils in early CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) education perceive language skills and use. The participants were 25 French-medium and 16 English-medium CLIL pupils in Grade 2 (aged 8 years). They had received CLIL education since the 1st Grade. The data were visual narratives drawn by the pupils and some associated open-ended questions they answered in writing. The data were analyzed using visual and content analysis. The results show that the pupils’ perceptions of language were a combination of traditional and modern views of language. The pupils compartmentalized the different languages as separate entities. They mostly saw language being used with native speakers. Technological artefacts were absent even though they are an integral part of children’s life in Finland. Also, the pupils considered language being a vehicle for oral communication outside school. The results bear implications for CLIL education and early language teaching in general.
The effects of different small‐sided games configurations on heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and running demands in professional soccer players
Authors: Gantois Petrus , Piqueras‐Sanchiz Francisco , Cid Miguel José Ferreira Andrade , Pino‐Ortega José , Castillo Daniel , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTWe examined the effects of different small‐sided games (SSG) configurations on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and running demands in soccer players. Twelve male soccer players (U18) participated in this randomized cross‐over study. Players performed three SSG in different “fixed” and “dynamic” pitch sizes (3v3 in large (SSGL) and small (SSGS) fixed area; or 3v3 in dynamic dimensions [SSGD]), with 4x4 minutes interspersed by 2 minutes of rest. HR measures (maximum [HRmax], average [HRavg], and percentage of maximum [%HRmax]), RPE, and running demands were collected across the SGG sessions. The following running activities were recorded: total distance covered (TD), distance covered (DC) at 6–12 km·h−1, ≥ 12–18 km·h−1, and >18 km·h−1, peak running speed, acceleration (ACC) and deceleration (DEC) at 1–2 m·s−2 and 2–3 m·s−2, player load, and high metabolic load distance (HMLD). SSGL displayed higher HRavg, %HRmax, and RPE values than SSGS (p < 0.05). SSGL resulted in higher TD, DC at 6–12 km·h−1, ≥ 12–18 km·h−1, > 18 km·h−1, and higher peak speed than SSGS and SSGD (p < 0.05). Moreover, SSGD presented higher TD and DC at 6–12 km·h−1 and ≥ 12–18 km·h−1 than SSGS (p < 0.05). In contrast, SSGD and SSGS showed higher number of ACC and DEC at 1–2 m·s−2 than SSGL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the pitch size and playing area of the SSG can be manipulated to promote desired physiological and physical demands in young soccer players.
A hybrid computing approach to design the novel second order singular perturbed delay differential Lane-Emden model
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Baleanu Dumitru , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Hincal Evren 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, the mathematical form of the second order perturbed singular delay differential system is presented. The comprehensive features using the singular-point, perturbed factor and pantograph term are provided together with the shape factor of the second order perturbed singular delay differential system. The novel model is simulated numerically through the artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on the global/local optimization procedures, i.e., genetic algorithm (GA) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). An activation function is constructed by using the differential model based on the second order perturbed singular delay differential system. The optimization of fitness function is performed through the hybrid computing strength of the ANNs-GA-SQP to solve the second order perturbed singular delay differential system. The exactness, substantiation, and authentication of the novel system is observed to solve three different variants of the novel model. The convergence, robustness, correctness, and stability of the numerical approach is performed using the comparison procedures of the available exact solutions. For the reliability, the statistical performances with necessary processes are provided using the ANNs-GA-SQP.
Modulation instability gain and modulated wave shape incited by the acoustic longitudinal vibrations in molecular chain model
Authors: Houwe Alphonse , Saliou Youssoufa , Djorwe Philippe , Abbagari Souleymanou , Akinyemi Lanre , Doka Serge Yamigno 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The propagation of the modulated wave (MW) pattern and its instability in the nonlinear medium is an important study from where experimental results are obtained. In this work, we use the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with saturation nonlinearity (SN) which describes the solitonic waves in the molecular chain (MC) model. We set our study on the effectiveness of the acoustic longitudinal velocity (ALV) which is related to the acoustic longitudinal vibration to investigate the behavior of the MW patterns as well as the modulation instability (MI) gain. Its results are that the ALV creates instability zones, increases MI bands, and shortens the transition regime of the MW pattern. For a long time of simulation and a great enough value of the ALV, the MWs feature chaos-like motion. Alongside these results the ALV obvious itself as a tool control of MWs as well as an energy source for the propagation of diverse MW-shaped in the MC.
Multiple-order rogue wave solutions to a (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq type equation
Authors: Zheng Mengqi , Dong Xiaona , Chen Caifeng , Li Maohua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, based on the Hirota bilinear method and symbolic computation approach, multiple-order rogue waves of (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq type equation are constructed. The reduced bilinear form of the equation is deduced by the transformation of variables. Three kinds of rogue wave solutions are derived by means of bilinear equation. The maximum and minimum values of the first-order rogue wave solution are given at a specific moment. Furthermore, the second-order and third-order rogue waves are explicitly derived. The dynamic characteristics of three kinds of rogue wave solutions are shown by three-dimensional plot.
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 13: Post-Minkowskian expansion from scattering amplitudes
Authors: Bjerrum-Bohr N E J , Damgaard P H , Planté L , Vanhove P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The post-Minkowskian expansion of Einstein’s general theory of relativity has received much attention in recent years due to the possibility of harnessing the computational power of modern amplitude calculations in such a classical context. In this brief review, we focus on the post-Minkowskian expansion as applied to the two-body problem in general relativity without spin, and we describe how relativistic quantum field theory can be used to greatly simplify analytical calculations based on the Einstein–Hilbert action. Subtleties related to the extraction of classical physics from such quantum mechanical calculations highlight the care which must be taken when both positive and negative powers of Planck’s constant are at play. In the process of obtaining classical results in both Einstein gravity and supergravity, one learns new aspects of quantum field theory that are obscured when using units in which Planck’s constant is set to unity. The scattering amplitude approach provides a self-contained framework for deriving the two-body scattering valid in all regimes of energy. There is hope that the full impact of amplitude computations in this field may significantly alter the way in which gravitational wave predictions will advance in the coming years.
Effect of localised tooth spall defect on dynamic performance of a high-contact-ratio spur gear system
Authors: Cheng Zhenbang , Huang Kang , Xiong Yangshou , Han Guangzhi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study considers the tooth spall morphology and establishes a kinetic model of a high contact ratio gear pair system with an ellipsoid tooth spall defect. The mesh stiffness of the spalled gear system is evaluated using the potential energy method. To obtain the accurate dynamic response, the friction force was incorporated into the gear kinetic model. The dynamic transmission error and dynamic meshing force under different rotational speeds are acquired by the proposed model. The dynamics of a healthy gear system and spalled gear system was compared. The results reveal that the presence of the tooth spall defect alters the motion state of the system, making it prone to instability. The study provides a theoretical foundation for future research on spall defect diagnosis of gear transmission devices.
Surface roughness and microstructure analysis on drilling of titanium diboride in-situ aluminium metal matrix composite
Authors: Rajaravi C , Elaiyarasan U , Gobalakrishnan B , Ganapathy Srinivasan R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aluminium and its alloys are widely used for fabricating components are used in aircraft, automobile, defence and structural applications. Due to its light weight and high strength, it is applied in the various commercial purposes such as window, doors, construction member etc. However, machining of aluminium alloys using conventional machining methods is difficult. In this present investigation, an endeavour has been made to drill TiB2
in situ aluminium metal matrix composite alloy developed using stir casting method. During the casting two different salts namely K2TiF6 and KBF4 are added with matrix materials to form TiB2. The paper is studied the surface roughness (SR) of drilled TiB2
in situ aluminium metal matrix composite viz speed, feed rate and TiB2 addition. Empirical relationship is developed for SR in order to identify the dominating factors. The percentage contribution of SR is 96.35% that showed the empirical model is adequate. The normal probability plot showed the points of residuals are equally distributed over the straight line. The lack of fit value was 3.65 which is less than the standard point. Therefore, the SR model is satisfactory. SR increased with increasing of speed, feed rate and addition of TiB2. The removal of TiB2 particles causes small pits and voids due to the inclusion of reinforcement. The minimum SR was achieved at lowest speed (1260 rpm), feed rate (0.05 mm rev−1) and TiB2 addition (2%). As speed and feed increased, the surface hardness increased.
Swimming energetics of Atlantic salmon in relation to extended fasting at different temperatures
Authors: Hvas Malthe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Predicted future warming of aquatic environments could make fish vulnerable to naturally occurring fasting periods during migration between feeding and spawning sites, as these endeavours become energetically more expensive. In this study, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) acclimated to midrange (9°C) or elevated suboptimal (18°C) temperatures were subjected to critical (Ucrit) and sustained (4 hours at 80% Ucrit) swimming trials before and after 4 weeks of fasting. Fasting caused weight losses of 7.3% and 8.3% at 9°C and 18°C, respectively. The Ucrit was unaffected by fasting, but higher at 18°C. Fatigue was associated with higher plasma cortisol, osmolality, Na+ and Cl− at 18°C, and ionic disturbances were higher in fasted fish. All fish completed the sustained swim trials while maintaining constant oxygen uptake rates (ṀO2), indicating strictly aerobic swimming efforts. At low swimming speeds ṀO2 was downregulated in fasted fish by 23.8% and 15.6% at 9°C and 18°C, respectively, likely as an adaptation to preserve resources. However, at higher speeds ṀO2 became similar to fed fish showing that maximum metabolic rates were maintained. The changes in ṀO2 lowered costs of transport and optimal swimming speeds in fasted fish at both temperatures, but these energetic alterations were smaller at 18°C while routine ṀO2 was 57% higher than at 9°C. As such, this study shows that Atlantic salmon maintain both glycolytic and aerobic swimming capacities after extended fasting, even at elevated suboptimal temperatures, and adaptive metabolic downregulation provides increased swimming efficiency in fasted fish. Although, improved swimming energetics were smaller when fasting at the higher temperature while metabolism becomes elevated. This could affect migration success in warming climates, especially when considering interactions with other costly activities such as coping with parasites obtained when passing aquaculture sites during seaward travel or gonad development while being voluntarily anorexic during upriver travel to spawning grounds.
Cine magnetic resonance imaging detects shorter cardiac rest periods in postcapillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Lin Kai , Sarnari Roberto , Pathrose Ashitha , Gordon Daniel Z , Markl Michael , Carr James C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
A shorter cardiac rest period within a cardiac cycle is usually thought to be a result of a fast heart rate, and its clinical relevance has long been ignored. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the length of cardiac rest periods is altered in postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods and results
Twenty-six patients with postcapillary PH and 20 healthy controls were recruited for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. All participants had a heart rate no higher than 80 beats/minute. Cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, acquired at a four-chamber view) was analyzed to determine the length of cardiac rest periods at end-systole and mid-to-late diastole. PH patients had a shorter rest period at mid-to-late diastole than controls (17.5 ± 8.7% vs. 24.2 ± 4.2%, P = 0.003). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the proportion of the rest period in diastole (defined as the length of diastasis/diastole) can discriminate PH patients from controls [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71–0.96]. The existence of postcapillary PH was a significant contributor (β = −5.537, P = 0.023) to shorter cardiac rest periods at mid-to-late diastole after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Conclusions
Postcapillary PH is independently associated with shorter cardiac rest periods at mid-to-late diastole. The length of cardiac rest periods has the potential to become a novel quantitative imaging biomarker for indicating cardiovascular health.
Identification of UDP-rhamnosyltransferases and UDP-galactosyltransferase involved in flavonol glycosylation inMorella rubra
Authors: Ren Chuanhong , Guo Yan , Xie Linfeng , Zhao Zhikang , Xing Mengyun , Cao Yunlin , Liu Yilong , Lin Jing , Grierson Donald , Zhang Bo , Xu Changjie , Chen Kunsong , Li Xian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlavonol glycosides are health-promoting phytochemicals important for human nutrition and plant defense against environmental stresses. Glycosylation modification greatly enriches the diversity of flavonols. Morella rubra, a member of the Myricaceae, contains high amounts of myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside (M3Rha), quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (Q3Rha), and quercetin 3-O-galactoside (Q3Gal). In the present study, MrUGT78R1 and MrUGT78R2 were identified as two functional UDP-rhamnosyltransferases, while MrUGT78W1 was identified as a UDP-galactosyltransferase. Site-directed mutagenesis identified Pro143 and Asn386 as important residues for rhamnosyl transfer activity of MrUGT78R1, while the two corresponding positions in MrUGT78W1 (i.e. Ser147 and Asn370) also play important roles in galactosyl transfer activity. Transient expression data for these three MrUGTs in Nicotiana benthamiana tested the function of MrUGT78R1 and MrUGT78R2 as rhamnosyltransferases and MrUGT78W1 as a galactosyltransferase in glycosylation of flavonols. This work enriches knowledge of the diversity of UDP-rhamnosyltransferase in planta and identifies two amino acid positions important for both rhamnosyltransferase and galactosyltransferase.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Laboratory Test Utilization at a Pediatric Medical Center
Authors: Lin David C , Parakati Isaac , Haymond Shannon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The epidemiology and clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the pediatric population is different from the adult population. The purpose of this study is to identify effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on laboratory test utilization in a pediatric hospital.

Methods
We performed retrospective analysis on test utilization data from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, an academic pediatric medical center. Data between two 100-day periods prior to (prepandemic) and during the pandemic (mid-pandemic) were analyzed to evaluate changes in test volume, lab utilization, and test positivity rate. We also evaluated these metrics based on in- vs outpatient testing and performed modeling to determine what variables significantly impact the test positivity rate.

Results
During the pandemic period, there was an expected surge in COVID-19 testing, while over 84% of lab tests studied decreased in ordering volume. The average number of tests ordered per patient was not significantly different during the pandemic for any of the laboratories (adjusted P value &gt; 0.05). Thirty-three studied tests showed significant change in positivity rate during the pandemic. Linear modeling revealed test volume and inpatient status as the key variables associated with change in test positivity rate.

Conclusions
Excluding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 tests, the COVID-19 pandemic has generally led to decreased test ordering volume and laboratory utilization. However, at this pediatric hospital, the average number of tests performed per patient and test positivity rates were comparable between pre- and mid-pandemic periods. These results suggest that, overall, clinical test utilization at this site remained consistent during the pandemic.