bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sibling Screening in Pediatric Brucellosis
Authors: Özen Seval , Üçkardeş Fatih , Alev Curet , Uygun Hatice , Erdem Nurettin , Turgut Mehmet 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective Routine screening of household members of index cases is a priority in regions where brucellosis is endemic. This study aimed to identify seropositive and seronegative pediatric patients by screening the siblings of our pediatric patients diagnosed with brucellosis (index cases) and to investigate the relationships among these groups by comparatively evaluating their demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics.
Methods Eighty-five pediatric household members of 59 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute brucellosis were evaluated. A total of 144 children were included in the study.
Results Among 85 pediatric household members, 34 (40%) children were seropositive and 51 (60%) were seronegative. The predominant clinical symptom was arthralgia (81.4%), and the main finding was abnormal liver function tests (LFTs). The most frequent osteoarticular involvement was monoarticular arthritis (88%). Index cases and seropositive patients showed significantly greater elevations in LFTs compared with seronegative patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). C-reactive protein values of index cases and seropositive patients were significantly higher compared with seronegative patients (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Neutrophil and platelet counts of index cases were significantly lower than those of seronegative patients (p = 0.017 and p = 0.002). Index cases and seropositive patients were given treatment, and after follow-up of at least 1 year, none of the seropositive patients relapsed, but relapse occurred in nine (15.3%) children from the index group. Two (3.9%) seronegative patients were diagnosed with acute brucellosis.
Conclusion Additional cases of brucellosis can be detected by screening household members of index cases in endemic areas. Elevations in LFTs when detected early in the asymptomatic period may provide a clue for brucellosis.
Coastal dolphins and marine megafauna in Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: informing conservation management actions in an area under increasing human pressure
Authors: Sprogis Kate R. , Parra Guido J. 
Published: October 2022

Context Exmouth Gulf is adjacent to the Ningaloo Marine Park, a UNESCO-listed area in Western Australia. The gulf remains largely unprotected, and is under increasing anthropogenic pressure from proposed industrial activities that pose threats to marine megafauna inhabiting the gulf. Threatened and near threatened species, such as the Australian humpback dolphin (Sousa sahulensis) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus), reside in the gulf; however, detailed information on their ecology and behaviour is lacking. Aims The aim was to (1) provide baseline data on the distribution, encounter rate, group size and behaviour of coastal dolphins over an area where current industrial developments are proposed, and (2) report on the occurrence of other marine megafauna within this area. Methods Boat-based photo-identification surveys were conducted on the western coastline of Exmouth Gulf along pre-determined line transects (150 km2) over austral autumn/winter 2021. Key results Across 809.35 km of surveyed waters (181 h), a total of 93 bottlenose dolphin, 15 humpback dolphin, and six interspecific dolphin groups were sighted. Bottlenose dolphin groups were encountered at a rate of 0.077/km, humpback dolphin groups at 0.015/km and interspecific dolphin groups at 0.005/km. Dolphins were predominantly recorded in shallow (mean 10 m) and warm (mean 21°C) waters, and were commonly travelling and foraging. In total, 199 individual bottlenose dolphins and 48 humpback dolphins were photo-identified (excluding calves). There were 30 bottlenose dolphin calves (including three newborns) and four humpback dolphin calves (including two newborns) identified. Other marine megafauna group sightings included humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae; n = 32), southern right whales (Eubalaena australis, n = 1), dugongs (Dugong dugon, n = 25), turtles (n = 54), sea snakes (n = 27), manta rays (Mobula alfredi, n = 13) and sharks (n = 2). Conclusions The presence of threatened marine species feeding, socialising, and resting highlights the importance of these waters for the identified species. Implications The information provided is applicable for the spatial management and conservation efforts of these species, and aids in informing environmental impact assessments of individual and cumulative pressures.
Thermodynamics of black holes in the quintessential phase space*
Authors: Li Guan-Ru , Guo Sen , Li Guo-Ping 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Considering that the negative pressure of the accelerated expansion of the universe results from the cosmological constant or the dark energy quintessence, we use the dark energy quintessence to construct the "quintessential" phase space. In contrast to the previous discussion in which the cosmological constant is considered as the black hole (BH) phase transition pressure, in this analysis, we believe that the pressure results from quintessence. The characteristics of critical behavior, Gibbs free energy, and temperature behavior in quintessential phase space are investigated. We observe that the phase transition belongs to van der Waals phase transition within

. If

is within (–2/3, –1/3), the phase transition loses the large BH phase transition characteristics, which is caused by the later stage of the phase transition being completely dominated by quintessence dark energy with negative pressure. These results suggest that the quintessential phase space can be constructed with the pressure from the thermal quintessence, and it can be used as a new probe to explore the thermodynamics of BHs.
Investigation of the Langdon effect on the nonlinear evolution of SRS from the early-stage inflation to the late-stage development of secondary instabilities
Authors: Qiu Jie , Hao Liang , Cao Lihua , Zou Shiyang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In a laser-irradiated plasma, the Langdon effect can result in a super-Gaussian electron energy distribution function (EEDF), imposing significant influences on stimulated backward Raman scattering (SRS). In this work, the influence of a super-Gaussian EEDF on the nonlinear evolution of SRS is investigated by the three wave coupling model simulation and Vlasov–Maxwell simulation for plasma parameters covering a wide range of kλ
De from 0.19 to 0.48 at both high and low intensity laser drives. In the early stage of SRS evolution, it is found that besides the kinetic effects due to electron trapping (2018 Phys. Plasmas
25 100702), the Langdon effect can also significantly widen the parameter range for the absolute growth of SRS, and the time for the absolute SRS to reach saturation is greatly shortened by the Langdon effect within certain parameter regions. In the late stage of SRS, when secondary instabilities such as decay of the electron plasma wave to beam acoustic modes, rescattering, and Langmuir decay instability become important, the Langdon effect can influence the reflectivity of SRS by affecting secondary instabilities. The comprehension of the Langdon effect on nonlinear evolution and saturation of SRS would contribute to a better understanding and prediction of SRS in inertial confinement fusion.
The influence of full drifts on density shoulder formation at the midplane by numerical modeling
Authors: Zhao Xuele , Sang Chaofeng , Senichenkov Ilya Yu. , Wang Yilin , Zhang Yanjie , Zhang Chen , Rozhansky Vladimir , Wang Dezhen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The density shoulder at the midplane may influence core plasma confinement during H-mode discharge, thus affecting long-pulse steady-state discharge. Drifts in the edge plasma play a remarkable role in plasma transport and the divertor operation regime, which determine density shoulder formation (DSF). In this work, the SOLPS-ITER code package is used to evaluate the influence of full drifts on DSF in poloidal and radial coordinates. An open divertor of DIII-D-like geometry with weak neutral compression is chosen for the modeling. Cases without drifts, with only E × B drifts in forward B
t and with full drifts in both forward and reversed B
t are simulated for comparison. It is confirmed that the high upstream density promotes DSF when the drift is not considered, which has also been observed in various investigations. When the drifts are taken into account, the divertor in/out asymmetry (or upstream ionization source) is determined by the direction of B
t due to the variation of particle transport, thus the shoulder can be facilitated or suppressed. Two mechanisms of DSF with full drifts are elucidated: (1) E × B and B × ∇B drifts promote DSF at the inner midplane (IMP) by raising the ionization source (at IMP) in forward B
t; (2) the drifts contribute to DSF at the outer midplane by enhancing the particle transport loss in reversed B
t. In a high-recycling regime, ionization is the dominant term for DSF, while in the low-recycling regime enhanced particle transport loss plays a more important role. Comprehensively understanding the mechanisms of DSF is of great importance for the improvement of core–edge compatibility in fusion reactors.
An amphiphilic polymer as shale inhibitor in water-based drilling fluid
Authors: Wang Zonglun , Sun Jinsheng , Zhang Xianfa , Liu Jingping , Lv Kaihe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shale hydration inhibitor in water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) is the key to solve the problem of shale wellbore instability during drilling. In this study, a new amphoteric polymer was studied as a shale inhibitor. The amphiphilic copolymer ADL was synthesized by using acrylamide (AM), diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and dodecyl acrylate (LA) as monomers, benzoyl peroxide as initiator and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as an emulsifier in aqueous solution. Infrared spectra indicated that the target product was synthesized successfully. TGA showed that the copolymers had good temperature resistance and the decomposition temperature was 240°C. The performance of ADL was evaluated by linear expansion experiment, rolling recovery rate experiment. The inhibition mechanism of the ADL was analyzed by particle size distribution experiment, zeta potential experiment and contact angle experiment. The experimental results show that ADL can adsorb on the surface of shale to change its wettability and increase the repulsive force between shale particles, thus inhibiting the hydration of shale. Because of its excellent shale inhibition performance, ADL has a potential application prospect as a shale inhibitor in WBDF.
Characterization of the electric transport properties of black phosphorous back-gated field-effect transistors
Authors: Giubileo Filippo , Pelella Aniello , Grillo Alessandro , Faella Enver , Sleziona Stephan , Kharsah Osamah , Schleberger Marika , Bartolomeo Antonio Di 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We use thin layers of exfoliated black phosphorus to realize back-gated field-effect transistors in which the Si/SiO2 substrate is exploited as gate electrode. To prevent the detrimental effect of the air exposure the devices are protected by Poly(methyl methacrylate). We report the observation of an improved contact resistance at the interface between the layered material and the metal contact by electrical conditioning. We also demonstrate the existence of a hysteresis in the transfer characteristics that improves by increasing the gate voltage sweep range. Finally, we prove the suitability of such transistors as memory devices.
Recycling of the polymer composite fillers in amino alcohol medium
Authors: Protsenko A E , Petrov V V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The paper presents data from an experimental study of the possibility of recycling polymer composites on the example of fiberglass and different thermoset binders. The goal is to remove the polymer matrix and obtain recovered fiberglass that is not inferior in properties to the virgin material. In this paper, considered the solvolysis method of the composite in the amino alcohols. As the medium used methyldiethanolamine and 3-aminopropanol-1. The dependence of the influence of the solvolysis time and the concentration of alkali metal hydroxide in the reaction medium on the strength of recovered glass fibers has been established. The solvolysis at a temperature of 180 °C and a catalyst concentration of 5 % for 6 hours was accepted as optimal regime. As a result of the research, a regime was obtained that allows recovering fibers with a tensile strength of 92 % of virgin fibers. The recovered fabrics were studied by thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. GFRP samples were obtained from the recovered fabrics by the VaRTM method. The flexural strength of composites made from secondary filler is 8.5% lower than the same material based on virgin fabric. Products of the polymer matrix degradation and fibrous fillers are released during recycling. These products could be used in chemical technology to produce, for example, binders components and secondary fillers for polymer composites.
Determinants of the distribution of utility-scale photovoltaic power facilities across the globe
Authors: Bosmans Joyce , Schipper Aafke , Mielke Konrad , Čengić Mirza , Gernaat David , van Vuuren Detlef , Huijbregts Mark 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Photovoltaic power (PV) is the fastest-growing source of renewable electricity. Making reliable scenarios of PV deployment requires information on what drives the spatial distribution of PV facilities. Here we empirically derive the determinants of the distribution of utility-scale PV facilities across six continents, using a mixed effects logistic regression modelling approach relating the occurrence of over 10 000 PV facilities to a set of potential determinants as well as accounting for country and spatially correlated random effects. Our regression models explain the distribution of PV facilities with high accuracy, with travel times to settlements and irradiation as the main determinants. In contrast, our results suggest that land cover types are not strong determinants of the PV distribution, except for Asia and Africa where the PV distribution is related to the presence of agriculture, short natural vegetation and bare land. For Europe and Asia a considerable part of the variance in PV distribution is explained by inter-country differences in factors not included in our fixed determinants. Relevant determinants identified in our study are in line with the main assumptions made in cost of electricity (COE) maps used in the IMAGE integrated assessment model (IAM). However, we found correlations (Spearman ρ) of −0.18–0.54 between our PV probability maps and IMAGE’s COE maps. These may partly be explained by conceptual differences between our empirically-derived probability maps and the COE maps, but we also recommend using higher-resolution maps of PV potential and COE computations such as used in IAMs.
Synthesizing the evidence of nitrous oxide mitigation practices in agroecosystems
Authors: Grados Diego , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Chen Ji , Jan van Groenigen Kees , Olesen Jørgen Eivind , Willem van Groenigen Jan , Abalos Diego 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils are the main source of atmospheric N2O, a potent greenhouse gas and key ozone-depleting substance. Several agricultural practices with potential to mitigate N2O emissions have been tested worldwide. However, to guide policymaking for reducing N2O emissions from agricultural soils, it is necessary to better understand the overall performance and variability of mitigation practices and identify those requiring further investigation. We performed a systematic review and a second-order meta-analysis to assess the abatement efficiency of N2O mitigation practices from agricultural soils. We used 27 meta-analyses including 41 effect sizes based on 1119 primary studies. Technology-driven solutions (e.g. enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, drip irrigation, and biochar) and optimization of fertilizer rate have considerable mitigation potential. Agroecological mitigation practices (e.g. organic fertilizer and reduced tillage), while potentially contributing to soil quality and carbon storage, may enhance N2O emissions and only lead to reductions under certain pedoclimatic and farming conditions. Other mitigation practices (e.g. lime amendment or crop residue removal) led to marginal N2O decreases. Despite the variable mitigation potential, evidencing the context-dependency of N2O reductions and tradeoffs, several mitigation practices may maintain or increase crop production, representing relevant alternatives for policymaking to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and safeguard food security.
Creation of a device for detecting fluorescence from microfluidic chips for studying biosystems
Authors: Dobretsov R , Kosolapov V , Savchenko I , Switala F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The article substantiates the need to develop devices using real-time PCR reaction on microfluidic chips for the study of biological systems (objects) to determine environmental pollution and the consequences of these pollution. In situations of radioactive or chemical contamination, it is necessary to detect and eliminate them as soon as possible. For these purposes, PCR is ideally suited, which is currently the leading tool for chemical and biological research. However, most of the currently available PCR devices use tubes or microtiter plates and have some serious disadvantages. Disadvantages: uneven heating/cooling of volumetric systems, analysis speed does not meet the requirements of modern medicine, biology, environmental services, etc., namely, the requirement for rapid analysis. The solution to this problem is microfluidic chips since they are planar systems. Using microfluidic chips, it is possible to analyze more samples in less time. This article presents a layout of a fluorescence detection device using real-time PCR reaction on microfluidic chips. The results of experimental studies on the created layout and their analysis are presented.
Designing strong and tunable magnetoelectric coupling in 2D trilayer heterostructures
Authors: Jin Xin , O’Hara Andrew , Zhang Yu-Yang , Du Shixuan , Pantelides Sokrates T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The quest for electric-field control of nanoscale magnetic states such as skyrmions, which would impact the field of spintronics, has led to a challenging search for multiferroic materials or structures with strong magnetoelectric coupling and efficient electric-field control. Here we report a theoretical prediction that such phenomena can be realized in two-dimensional (2D) bilayer FE/PMM and trilayer FE/PMM/FE heterostructures (two-terminal and three-terminal devices), where FE is a 2D ferroelectric and PMM is a polar magnetic metal with strong spin–orbit coupling. Such a PMM has strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI) that can generate skyrmions, while the FE can generate strong magnetoelectric coupling through polarization-polarization interactions. In trilayer heterostructures, contact to the metallic PMM layer enables multiple polarization configurations for electric-field control of skyrmions. We report density-functional-theory calculations for particular material choices that demonstrate the effectiveness of these arrangements, with the key driver being the polarization-polarization interactions between the PMM and FE layers. The present findings provide a method to achieve strong magnetoelectric coupling in the 2D limit and a new perspective for the design of related spintronics.
Nucleation and growth studies of large-area deposited WS2 on flexible substrates
Authors: Berning Thomas , Becher Malte , Wree Jan-Lucas , Jagosz Julia , Kostka Aleksander , Ostendorf Andreas , Devi Anjana , Bock Claudia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as tungsten disulfide (WS2) are studied for advanced electronic and optical devices because of their unique and versatile electrical, optical and mechanical properties. For the use of TMDC films in next-generation flexible electronics, large-area bottom-up synthesis on flexible substrates needs to be mastered, understood and controlled. In this study, we performed a detailed study on the nucleation and growth of WS2 layers deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on crystalline van-der-Waals material muscovite mica as a model substrate and on the alkali-metal free flexible glass AF 32®
eco. The deposition of the WS2 layers was performed using an all nitrogen-coordinated bis-imido-bis-amido tungsten based precursor in combination with elemental sulfur as the co-reactant. On both substrates, crystalline growth of WS2 at a moderate growth temperature of 600 °C was verified by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). However, the growth mode and nucleation density differ significantly. On mica, an initially planar growth of WS2 triangular islands is observed, whereas untreated glass reveals an out-off plane growth. Detailed XRD and Raman analysis show tensile strain in the WS2 films on both substrates, indicating a strong interaction from CVD grown TMDC films with the underlying carrier material. In order to avoid such substrate-semiconductor interaction, a substrate pre-treatment is required. A plasma pre-treatment prior to the deposition leads to a planar growth even on amorphous glass substrates.
The effect of different Ag addition on microstructure, mechanical properties and tribological behavior of CoCrFeNiMn-Cr3C2 composite
Authors: Guo Zhiming , Li Jingdan , Ren Xiaoyan , Zhang Aijun , Meng Junhu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy (HEA) matrix composites with Cr3C2 reinforcement (10 wt%) and different mass friction of Ag lubricant (10, 15 and 20 wt%) were produced by spark plasma sintering. The composites consist of HEA’s FCC phase, Cr7C3 phase and Ag phase, and the microstructures of composites are dense and uniform. The ultimate plasticity strain and fracture toughness improve with the addition of Ag increasing at room temperature. The composites exhibit excellent self-lubricating and wear resistance below 400 °C, and the composite with 20 wt% Ag content has the lower friction coefficient and wear rate. The Ag addition exhibits positive role in improving the wear behavior at medium-low temperatures. The main wear mechanisms of the composites are micro-cutting and abrasive wear at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the oxide tribo-layer generates on the wear surface and deeply torn. Oxide wear and surface deformation are the main wear mechanisms.