bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggregation of Fe2O3 nanoparticle in the presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs)
Authors: Zhang Yucheng , Shi Yongfeng , Su Xiaotong , Tam Nora F. Y. , Lei Huifang , Chen Zihui , Wu Qihang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aggregation is a key process for determining the environmental behavior and impact of a nanoparticle (NP). Since organophosphate esters (OPEs), which are recognized as emerging contaminants, are distributed widely in the natural aquatic environment, they may contribute to interacting with NPs and ultimately influence their transport and fate. Here, we investigated two typical organophosphate esters OPEs on aggregation the Fe2O3 NP in aquatic environments. The results showed that both tri-ethylhexyl phosphate (TEHP) and tris (chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) improved the colloidal stability of Fe2O3 NP in artificial water and environmental matrices. TEHP exhibited an obvious effect than TCPP on the Zeta potential and aggregation rates of Fe2O3 NP in artificial water. In the presence of electrolyte, 10 mg/L TCPP and TEHP increased the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) by 3.6 times and 17.4 times, respectively. Compared with pore-water, the aggregation rates of Fe2O3 NP in river water were slightly higher than those in pore-water, which can be attributed to the higher DOC in pore-water. We suggested that the high hydrophobicity and molecular weight of OPEs were considered important factors against the aggregation of Fe2O3 NP in water. Greater surface charge and steric hindrance originating from TCPP and TEHP dominated the colloidal stability of Fe2O3 NP.
Betaine Modulating MIF-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in Thioacetamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Jorgačević Bojan , Stanković Sanja , Filipović Jelena , Samardžić Janko , Vučević Danijela , Radosavljević Tatjana 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine
with chemokine properties released by various immune and non-immune cells. It contributes to the
pathogenesis of many inflammatory, autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors.

Objective:
Our study aimed to investigate the role of betaine in the modulation of MIF-mediated
oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrogenesis during toxic kidney damage induced by thioacetamide
(TAA).

Methods:
The experiment is performed on wild-type and knockout MIF-/- C57BL/6 mice. They are
randomly divided into groups: Control; Bet-group, received betaine (2% wt/v dissolved in drinking
water); MIF-/- mice group; MIF-/- + Bet; TAA-group, treated with TAA (200 mg/kg b.w.), intraperitoneally,
3x/week/8 weeks); TAA+Bet; MIF-/-+TAA, and MIF-/- + TAA+Bet group. After eight
weeks of treatment, animals are sacrificed and kidney samples are taken to determine oxidative
stress parameters, proinflammatory cytokines, profibrogenic factors, and histopathology of renal
tissue.

Results:
In MIF-/-mice, TAA decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, IL-6, tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth
factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and increases superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as
well as glutathione (GSH) content in kidneys, compared to TAA group. Betaine alleviates the
mechanism of MIF-mediated effects in TAA-induced nephrotoxicity, reducing MDA, IL-6, TNF-α,
TGF-β1, and PDGF-BB, and increasing SOD and CAT activity, as well as GSH levels.

Conclusion:
MIF mediates TAA-induced nephrotoxicity by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation,
and profibrogenic mediators. MIF-targeted therapy could potentially alleviate oxidative stress
and inflammation in the kidney, as well as pathohistological changes in renal tissue, but the exact
mechanism of its action is not completely clear. Betaine alleviates MIF nephrotoxic effects by increasing
the antioxidative capacity of kidney cells, and decreasing lipid peroxidation and cytokine
production in the renal tissue. It suggests that betaine can be used for the prevention of kidney damage.
Potential Protein Blood-based Biomarkers in Different Types of Dementia: A Therapeutic
Overview
Authors: Manzine Patricia R. , Vatanabe Izabela P. , Grigoli Marina M. , Pedroso Renata V. , Monteiro Maria Patricia A.O. , Oliveira Danielle S.M.S. , Nascimento Carla M.C. , Peron Rafaela , Orlandi Fabiana S. , Cominetti Márcia R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Biomarkers capable of identifying and distinguishing types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been become increasingly relentless. Studies of possible biomarker proteins in the blood that can help formulate new diagnostic proposals and therapeutic visions of different types of dementia are needed. However, due to several limitations of these biomarkers, especially in discerning dementia, their clinical applications are still undetermined. Thus, the updating of biomarker blood proteins that can help in the diagnosis and discrimination of these main dementia conditions is essential to enable new pharmacological and clinical management strategies, with specificities for each type of dementia. To review the literature concerning protein blood-based AD and non-AD biomarkers as new pharmacological targets and/or therapeutic strategies. Recent findings for protein-based AD, PDD, LBD, and FTD biomarkers are focused on in this review. Protein biomarkers were classified according to the pathophysiology of the dementia types. The diagnosis and distinction of dementia through protein biomarkers is still a challenge. The lack of exclusive biomarkers for each type of dementia highlights the need for further studies in this field. Only after this, blood biomarkers may have a valid use in clinical practice as they are promising to help in diagnosis and in the differentiation of diseases.
Sparteine Family: Privileged Chiral Ligands in Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Yan Yuting , Sun Hexin , Fu Xuegang , Huang Jianhui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Chiral ligands are the footstones for asymmetric synthesis, constructing the enantioenriched
molecules that are widely used in material and medicinal sciences. Naturally occurring
compounds, such as proline analogues and cinchona alkaloids, are widely used as privileged
ligands in asymmetric synthesis. Sparteine, a natural alkaloid firstly reported in 1968,
was also employed in asymmetric synthesis, albeit with less satisfactory results. In this perspective,
transition metal-involved asymmetric transformations using sparteine or family
members as ligands are overviewed and discussed. The design and perspective of ligands with
similar skeleton are also proposed.
Pegfilgrastim-Apgf (Nyvepria): Biosimilar USFDA Approval for the
Treatment of Chemotherapy-induced Febrile Neutropenia and Current
Updates on Clinical Trials
Authors: Ali Faraat , Sharma Kamna , Ali Asad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Pegfilgrastim-apgf (nyvepria) was currently approved by FDA for the treatment of febrile neutropenia associated with non-myeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive anticancer drugs. It was developed by Pfizer, USA. It is a PEGylated leukocyte growth-stimulating factor indicated to reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients receiving anticancer drugs. Nyvepria is biosim-ilar to pegfilgrastim, approved by FDA on June 10, 2020. It is the fourth FDA-approved drug for the treatment of infection exhibiting febrile neutropenia. This review abridges the indicators in the devel-opment of nyvepria foremost to approval for the treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN), a biosimilar regulatory framework, and current updates on the clinical trials (CTs).
Sperm Mitochondria, the Driving Force Behind Human Spermatozoa Activities: Its Functions and Dysfunctions - A Narrative Review
Authors: Kumar Naina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Male infertility is a major issue, and numerous factors contribute to it. One of
the important organelles involved in the functioning of human spermatozoa is
mitochondria. There are 50-75 mitochondria helically arranged in mid-piece bearing one
mitochondrial DNA each. Sperm mitochondria play a crucial role in sperm functions,
including the energy production required for sperm motility and the production of reactive
oxygen species, which in the physiological range helps in sperm maturation,
capacitation, and acrosome reaction. It also plays a role in calcium signaling cascades,
intrinsic apoptosis, and sperm hyperactivation. Any structural or functional dysfunction of
sperm mitochondria results in increased production of reactive oxygen species and, a
state of oxidative stress, decreased energy production, all leading to sperm DNA
damage, impaired sperm motility and semen parameters, and reduced male fertility.
Furthermore, human sperm mitochondrial DNA mutations can result in impaired sperm
motility and parameters leading to male infertility. Numerous types of point mutations,
deletions, and missense mutations have been identified in mtDNA that are linked with
male infertility.

Methods:
Recent literature was searched from English language peer-reviewed journals
from databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Scholar, and Web of Science till
September 2021. Search terms used were “Sperm mitochondria and male fertility”,
“Bioenergetics of sperm”, “Sperm mitochondria and reactive oxygen species”, “Sperm
mitochondrial mutations and infertility”.

Conclusion:
Sperm mitochondria is an important organelle involved in various functions
of human spermatozoa and sperm mitochondrial DNA has emerged as one of the potent
biomarkers of sperm quality and male fertility.
Current Novel Drug Deliveries for Oral Cancer: A Chronotherapeutic
Approach
Authors: Sutar Kishori P. , Shirkoli Nisha S. , Sutar Prasanna S. , Kurangi Bhaskar K. , Dandagi Panchaxari M. , Masareddy Rajashree 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant disease that is causing considerable mortality
worldwide. Conventional treatment approaches, like surgery, cause destructive alterations in facial appearance
and oral function impairments associated with psychological and social functioning. Chemotherapy
exhibits low bioaccessibility of the anticancer drugs, multiple drug resistance, higher dose necessities,
which elevate toxicities to the normal cells, low therapeutic index, and non-specific targeting.
Radiation therapies significantly affect the well-being of the patient and impair the quality of life.
Therefore, chemotherapeutics are developed that can either actively or passively target the carcinomas,
reduce the adverse side effect, and improve therapeutic efficacy. Innovations in novel drug delivery
systems deliver the drugs to the desired site of action with better treatment approaches with reduced
toxicities to the normal cells and improve the health and survival rate of the patient. Cancer chronotherapy
enhances the treatment proficiency by administration of the drugs at the best time, considering biological
timings to improve the treatment profiles. Chronotherapy provides benefits to the current anticancer
therapies, with minimum adverse effects to the healthy cells. This review discusses the risk factors
for oral carcinomas, targeted therapy by nanocarriers, nanotechnology approaches, the role of circadian
rhythm in the management of oral cancer, and advances in controlled drug delivery.
Effect of Medium on the Activity of Eugenol: A Mini-Review
Authors: Rege Sameera A. , Varshneya Megha A. , Momin Shamim A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The role of essential fatty acids is vital in the life of a human being. The lack of essential
fatty acids causes various diseases, such as cardiovascular, inflammatory bowel, and obesity.
Although synthetic antioxidants have already been used, nowadays, the demand for natural antioxidants
has increased mainly because of the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants. Spices are
widely used in this context as a source of natural antioxidants. It has been observed that they also
act as pro-oxidants. This review aims to evaluate the fundamental reason for the different activities
of the spices by studying the example of eugenol, a principal phenolic constituent of clove oil. The
chemistry concerning the mechanism to display antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity is currently
being reviewed. The isomerization of eugenol to isoeugenol plays a key role in exhibiting dissimilar
behaviour of the eugenol. Under the polar medium, isomerization of eugenol does not take
place, and it acts as an antioxidant. However, in the non-polar medium, eugenol isomerizes to
isoeugenol and displays a pro-oxidant effect. In the basic medium, eugenol isomerizing to isoeugenol
undergoes degradation. Hence, to utilize the beneficial activity of eugenol, it should be present
in a polar or acidic medium. It can be concluded from this review article that the structural
form of any molecule plays a major role in utilizing its activity and is also dependent on the medium.
Hence, the medium also performs a vital role in influencing the activity of any molecule.
Selective Adsorption of Iron(III) Ions Based on Nickel(II) Oxide-copper(II)
Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Danish Ekram Y. , Marwani Hadi M. , Almoslehi Kholoud F. , Khan Sher Bahadar , Bakhsh Esraa M. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Abozenadah Hadeel A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Water contamination and its remediation are currently considered a major concern
worldwide. Design of effective methods for water purification is highly demanded for the adsorption
and removal of such pollutants.

Objective:
This study depicts the effectiveness of nickel oxide-copper oxide nanoparticles (NiO-CuO),
which can extract and remediate ferric ions, Fe(III), from aqueous solutions.

Methods:
The NiO-CuO nanoparticles were simply prepared by the co-precipitation method and then
used as adsorbent with respectable advantages of high uptake capacity and surface area.

Results:
Adsorption of Fe(III) onto NiO-CuO nanoparticles showed an uptake capacity of 85.86 mgg-1 at
pH 5.0. The obtained data from the carried-out experiment of Fe(III) adsorption onto NiO-CuO nanoparticles
were well suited to the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Moreover,
different coexisting ions did not influence the adsorption of Fe(III) onto NiO-CuO nanoparticles. The
recommended methodology was implemented on the adsorption and removal of several environmental
water samples with high efficiency.

Conclusion:
The designed method displayed that NiO-CuO nanoparticles can be used as a promising
material for the adsorptive removal of heavy metals from water.
Nomogram for Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis
Authors: Yang Shuai , Zhang Jiangang , Wang Jingchun , Xu Yanquan , Zhao Huakan , Lei Juan , Zhou Yu , Chen Yu , Wu Lei , Zhou Mingyue , Li Dingshan , Wang Enwen , Li Yongsheng 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is associated with high mortality rates and
requires the identification of new therapeutic targets. We sought to develop a nomogram for reliably
predicting HCC prognosis.

Methods:
Gene expression was analyzed in R software, while the hub genes were defined as overlapping
candidates across five datasets. A prognostic nomogram was constructed using multivariate Cox
analysis and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve and concordance index analysis. The
fractions of tumor microenvironment cells were determined by using xCell. Hypoxia scores were calculated
by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Statistically, significance and correlation analyses
were processed in R.

Results:
Tow hub genes were identified, and a prognostic nomogram was established and evaluated in
the internal validation dataset (Area Under the Curve [AUC] 0.72, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.63-
0.81) and external cohorts (AUC 0.70, 95% CI 0.55-0.85). The risk scores of the prognostic model were
positively and negatively correlated with fractions of the T helper 2 (Th2) cells (R = 0.39, p <0.001) and
the hematopoietic stem cells (R = -0.27, p <0.001) and Endothelial Cells (ECs; R = -0.24, p <0.001), respectively.
Angiogenesis was more active in the high-risk group, accompanied by increased proliferation
of ECs. Furthermore, the significance of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha (HIF1A) gene-related
hypoxia in predicting HCC prognosis was demonstrated.

Conclusions:
A robust prognostic nomogram for predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC was developed.
The results suggested that Th2 cells, VEGF-related angiogenesis and HIF1A-related hypoxia
may be promising therapeutic targets for prolonging the overall survival of HCC patients.
Recent Advances in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors (EGFRIs) and
their Role in the Treatment of Cancer: A Review
Authors: Unnisa Aziz , Chettupalli Ananda Kumar , Hussain Talib , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Tyrosine kinases are known to play a role in tumour growth and proliferation, and they have become common drug targets. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) prohibit associated kinases from phosphorylating tyrosine residues in their substrates, preventing downstream signaling pathways from being activated. Multiple robust and well-tolerated TKIs targeting single or multiple targets, including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, HER2, NTRK, VEGFR, RET, MET, MEK, FGFR, PDGFR, and KIT, have been developed over the last two decades, contributing to our understanding of precision cancer medicine based on a patient's genetic alteration profile. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family consists of four transmembrane tyrosine kinases (EGFR1/ErbB1, Her2/ErbB2, Her3/ErbB3, and Her4/ErbB4) and thirteen polypeptide ligands produced by them. Multiple solid tumours, including breast, pancreatic, head and neck, kidney, vaginal, renal, colon, and non-small cell lung cancer, overexpress EGFRs. Overexpression of these genes stimulates downstream signaling channels, causing cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, cell motility, and apoptosis inhibition. EGFRs' high expression and/or adaptive activation coincides with the pathogenesis and development of many tumours, making them appealing candidates for both diagnosis and therapy. Several strategies for targeting these receptors and/or the EGFR-mediated effects in cancer cells have been established. The majority of methods include the development of anti-EGFR antibodies and/or small-molecule EGFR inhibitors. This review presents the recent advances in EGFR TKIs and their role in the treatment of cancer.
Molecular Study of Integrase Gene I and Integrase Gene II in Clinical
Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , Mahmoud Noha Mostafa , Rizk Mohamed Anies 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The presence of the class I integron gene is associated with the emergence of
multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotype in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates.

Aim:
The objectives of this research were to study the prevalence of integrase genes I (Intel I) and
integrase genes II (Intel II) in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and its association with antibiotic resistance
in these isolates.

Methods:
The study was a retrograde cross-sectional study that was carried out on 150 clinical isolates
of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with healthcare-associated infections. The isolates were subjected
to biochemical identification and antibiotic sensitivity study by discs diffusion test. Intel I &
Intel II genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:
Intel I gene was present in 48% of the isolates, and Intel II was present in 1.3% of the isolates.
Intel I gene was detected at a statistically significant high rate in MDR- P. aeruginosa (76.9%,
P=0.001) compared to non-MDR- P. aeruginosa (3.4%), while intel II had a statistically insignificant
increase in MDR- P. aeruginosa (1.1%, P=1.00) compared to non-MDR-P. aeruginosa (1.7%). Both
Intl I/Intl II genes were detected in 2.2% of MDR-P. aeruginosa isolates and were absent in non-
MDR-P. aeruginosa isolates with statistically insignificant difference (P=1.00). P. aeruginosa isolates
with Intel I gene had an increase in antibiotic resistance pattern to the used antibiotics discs. However,
this increase had statistically significant rates only for gentamicin (63.9%, P≤0.001), meropenem
(47.2%, P=0.009), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (37.5%, P=0.013) and imipenem (44.4%, P=0.025).

Conclusion:
The present study highlights the high prevalence of the Intel I gene in clinical isolates of
P. aeruginosa, while the Intel II gene was less prevalent in these isolates. There was a significant association
between the prevalence of the Intel I gene and the MDR phenotype of P. aeruginosa and resistance
to gentamicin, meropenem, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem. These findings
need future evaluation in a higher number of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
How Do Abnormalities in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Impact Neuropsychology
with Progressing Age?
Authors: Koh Rhun Yian , Joshi Gargi , Ling Anna Pick Kiong , Chye Soi Moi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The behavior of an individual changes from neonate to elderly due to the development of
the central nervous system (CNS). One of the important components of the CNS is the cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF), which bathes the brain and spinal cord. CSF has changing properties throughout life, including
composition and volume imbalance. However, a specific age group that shows prevailing abnormality-
corresponding behavior remains unclear. The objective of this article is to explore how such
changes reflect on one’s psychological as well as physical processing. Production of CSF could be affected
by many factors, including its flow, absorption, volume, and composition. Prenatally, congenital
malformations and infections hold the greatest risk of impacting the child’s physical and mental
growth. In adolescents, transmission of external substances like alcohol or drugs in the cerebrospinal
fluid is known to impact severe mood changes that potentially result in suicide and depression. In the
adult working population, the influence of stress levels on CSF composition causes anxiety and sleep
disorders. Finally, the reduced production of CSF was found to be associated with memory deficits
and Alzheimer’s disease in the aging group. From the collected evidence, it can be observed that CSF
played an important role in behavioral changes and may be associated with neurodegenerations. By
linking the CSF abnormalities to the clinical symptoms at different stages of life, it may provide additional
information in the diagnosis of diseases that are associated with neuropsychological changes.