bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for 3 husk traits using genotyping by sequencing in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Fengqi , Tian Lei , Ding Yong , Qi Jianshuang , Zhang Hongfeng , Mu Xinyuan , Ma Zhiyan , Xia Laikun , Tang Baojun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The maize (Zea mays L.) husk consists of multiple leaf layers and plays an important role in grain growth and development. Despite significant achievements in physiological and morphological research, few studies have focused on the detection of genetic loci underlying husk-related traits due to the lack of efficient tools. In this study, we constructed an ultra-high-density linkage map using genotyping by sequencing based on a recombinant inbred line population to estimate the genetic variance and heritability of 3 husk traits, i.e. husk length, husk width, and husk layer number in 3 field environments and the combined environment. The 3 husk traits showed broad phenotypic variation and high heritability; the broad-sense heritability (H2) was 0.92, 0.84, and 0.86. Twenty quantitative trait loci were consistently detected more than 1 environment, including 9 for husk length, 6 for husk width, and 5 for husk layer number. These loci were considered as stable quantitative trait loci. Based on the quantitative trait loci mapping in the recombinant inbred line population, qHL6 and qHN4 were detected across all environments and inferred to be reliable and major-effect quantitative trait loci for husk length and husk layer number, respectively. In addition, several predicted candidate genes were identified in the region of qHL6 and qHN4, of which 17 candidate genes potentially play a role in biological processes related to development process and energy metabolism. These results will be as a useful resource for performing functional studies aimed at understanding the molecular pathways involved in husk growth and development.
Evolutionarily conserved role of hps1 in melanin production and blood coagulation in medaka fish
Authors: Iwanami Norimasa , Ozaki Yuka , Sakaguchi Hiyori , Watanabe Yuko , Meng Qi , Matsumoto Kyoka , Suzuki Tomohiro , Hitomi Kiyotaka , Matsuda Masaru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by albinism, visual impairment, and blood platelet dysfunction. One of the genes responsible for Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, hps1, regulates organelle biogenesis and thus plays important roles in melanin production, blood clotting, and the other organelle-related functions in humans and mice. However, the function of hps1 in other species remains poorly understood. In this study, we discovered albino medaka fish during the maintenance of a wild-derived population and identified hps1 as the responsible gene using positional cloning. In addition to the specific absence of melanophore pigmentation, the hps1 mutant showed reduced blood coagulation, suggesting that hps1 is involved in clotting caused by both mammalian platelets and fish thrombocytes. Together, the findings of our study demonstrate that hps1 has an evolutionarily conserved role in melanin production and blood coagulation. In addition, our study presents a useful vertebrate model for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome.
City of ‘Red Assassins’? Crime, Control, and Resistance in Colonial Lahore
Authors: Chattha Ilyas , Qasmi Ali Usman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article documents an overlooked aspect of ‘crime as resistance to colonialism’ challenging colonial authorities in Lahore: the activities of Lahore’s little-known Society of Red Assassins, who led an anti-colonial ‘Car Burning Movement’ in the interwar period. Such so-called ‘socialist criminals’ engaged in innovative spectral violence by targeting capitalists and colonial institutions and were proclaimed ‘Public Enemy number 1’ by the colonial state. Drawing on previously unexplored archival sources, this investigation illuminates the world of revolutionary politics in colonial Lahore, part of a global history of anti-colonial resistance.
Occurrence and Clinical Impact of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Large Cohort of Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Aloi Marina , D’Arcangelo Giulia , Rossetti Danilo , Bucherini Simone , Felici Enrico , Romano Claudio , Martinelli Massimo , Dipasquale Valeria , Lionetti Paolo , Oliva Salvatore 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Scarce data have investigated the association between pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We, therefore, aimed to describe the epidemiology and the possible peculiar phenotype and natural history of such an association.

Methods
Case-control study is based on the Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology (SIGENP) national registry. All children with a combined diagnosis of IBD and EoE were included. The overall prevalence and incidence in 2 periods, 2009 to 2015, and 2016 to 2021, were calculated. Cases were matched with IBD only and EoE only patients in a 1:3:3 ratio. Phenotype and outcomes (courses of steroids, risk of complications, surgery, treatment escalation, and hospitalization) were compared between groups.

Results
Eleven patients (age 11.2 ± 2.8 years, Males 91%) with EoE-IBD out of 3090 patients with IBD were identified, resulting in an overall prevalence of 0.35% and an incidence of 0.18% for 2009 to 2015 and 0.45% for 2016 to 2021. Treatment escalation rates for IBD were significantly higher in patients with IBD compared with EoE-IBD at 12- and 24-month follow-up (0% vs 30%, P = .04; and 9% vs 45.5%, P = .03, respectively). Furthermore, patients with IBD were at a significantly higher risk of hospitalization than both EoE-IBD and EoE patients (log rank P &lt; .001). We found no significant differences in major outcomes related to the EoE course in EoE-IBD patients compared with EoE ones.

Conclusions
The incidence and prevalence of EoE in children with IBD are low, although the incidence seems to be rising in recent years. Having EoE appears to be associated with a milder IBD disease course, whereas having IBD does not seem to affect the natural history of EoE. More data are needed to better define the phenotype of such association.
Rethinking Tests of the IO Effectiveness Hypothesis: Evidence from Counter-Piracy Efforts in the Global South
Authors: Ring Jonathan , Uzonyi Gary 
Published: August 2022

AbstractScholars have long debated whether international organizations (IO) matter in international politics. Skeptics argue that power politics determine outcomes while champions see IOs as important, independently shaping outcomes and reshaping the structure of politics. Between these extremes, scholars have made numerous theoretical and empirical contributions to understanding under what conditions IOs make a difference. Yet, the fundamental question remains: when IOs identify a significant problem, can they solve it? We identify an underutilized analytical approach to understanding this broad debate. Specifically, we suggest scholars analyze this question by focusing on an IOs response to given crises to provide internal validity to claims throughout this debate. Furthermore, we encourage scholars to move beyond the oft-cited global or European cases to better incorporate insights from IOs in various parts of the world. Here, we explore the Southern African Development Community's attempt to coordinate member states’ maritime strategy to solve the emergent piracy problem caused by the Somali civil war. In identifying these new directions for research, we demonstrate that IOs, even under difficult circumstances, are effective actors in international politics.
Artistic (Counter) Speech
Authors: Dixon Daisy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSome visual artworks constitute hate speech because they can perform oppressive illocutionary acts. This illocution-based analysis of art reveals how responsive curation and artmaking undermines and manages problematic art. Drawing on the notion of counterspeech as an alternative tool to censorship to handle art-based hate speech, this article proposes aesthetic blocking and aesthetic spotlighting. I then show that under certain conditions, this can lead to eventual metaphysical destruction of the artwork; a way to destroy harmful art without physically destroying it.
Bias or biology? Importance of model interpretation in machine learning studies from electronic health records
Authors: Momenzadeh Amanda , Shamsa Ali , Meyer Jesse G 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe rate of diabetic complication progression varies across individuals and understanding factors that alter the rate of complication progression may uncover new clinical interventions for personalized diabetes management.Materials and MethodsWe explore how various machine learning (ML) models and types of electronic health records (EHRs) can predict fast versus slow onset of neuropathy, nephropathy, ocular disease, or cardiovascular disease using only patient data collected prior to diabetes diagnosis.ResultsWe find that optimized random forest models performed best to accurately predict the diagnosis of a diabetic complication, with the most effective model distinguishing between fast versus slow nephropathy (AUROC = 0.75). Using all data sets combined allowed for the highest model predictive performance, and social history or laboratory alone were most predictive. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) model interpretation allowed for exploration of predictors of fast and slow complication diagnosis, including underlying biases present in the EHR. Patients in the fast group had more medical visits, incurring a potential informed decision bias.DiscussionOur study is unique in the realm of ML studies as it leverages SHAP as a starting point to explore patient markers not routinely used in diabetes monitoring. A mix of both bias and biological processes is likely present in influencing a model’s ability to distinguish between groups.ConclusionOverall, model interpretation is a critical step in evaluating validity of a user-intended endpoint for a model when using EHR data, and predictors affected by bias and those driven by biologic processes should be equally recognized.
Cancer Patient Acceptance of HIV Screening at a Large Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: Granwehr Bruno P , Merriman Kelly W , Chiao Elizabeth Y , Grimes Richard M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Preventive Services Task Force, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend offering HIV testing for patients presenting for cancer care. Not recognizing and treating HIV infection adversely affects both cancer treatment and HIV outcomes. Acceptance rates of oncology patients for HIV screening are not known. Our tertiary cancer center inserted language requesting permission to screen for HIV infection into the consent forms for initial presentation for cancer care. Willingness to undergo testing was examined in 29 549 consecutive new patients. These were analyzed by gender and age. Overall, 80.9% of patients agreed to HIV screening. Incorporation of language requesting permission for HIV screening into the consent form provided at presentation for cancer care relieves clinicians from adding this task.
Remapping onward migration through the trajectories of Colombian parents in London
Authors: Turcatti Domiziana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Onward migration is generally defined as the process whereby people leave the country of origin, settle in a second country, and then migrate to a third country when circumstances change. This study advances the conceptualisation of onward migration by exploring the trajectories of 51 Colombian parents who settled in Spain in the early 2000s and then onward migrated to London after the 2008 crisis through the lens of relationality and mobility. Drawing from life history interviews, this article identifies five types of onward migration trajectories resulting from the interplay between structural and relational factors such as family obligations, gender roles, loving and conflictual relationships. For some parents, (1) onward migration unfolded linearly as they could move directly from Spain to London without significant factors constraining their move. For others, (2) onward migration was delayed by experiences of immobility. (3) Onward migration was achieved in a stepwise fashion when parents or their family members had to move to other countries to acquire the capital needed to onward migrate or to facilitate their family’s onward migration. (4) Some underwent multiple onward migrations before finding a desirable alternative to Spain. Finally, (5) in other cases onward migration followed other types of international mobilities when these did not bring about the desired outcomes. Ultimately, this article proposes a conceptualisation of onward migration as an open-ended, relational process that may entail and be achieved through multiple international im/mobilities.
Rheumatologic manifestations with elevated levels of IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-23 in a patient with scurvy
Authors: Ueki Masahiro , Sakamoto Keita , Nishioka Noriko , Ohata Hiroki , Nobuta Takiko , Takezaki Shunichiro , Manabe Atsushi , Yamada Masafumi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Symptomatic vitamin C deficiency, scurvy, is a relatively rare disease in developed countries, but it has been reported in patients with autism spectrum disorder or developmental delay who tend to have selective diets. Patients with scurvy often demonstrate musculoskeletal manifestations with unknown pathophysiology. Herein, we report a case of scurvy in an 11-year-old boy who presented with iron-deficiency anaemia, systemic osteomyelitis, myositis predominantly in the lower extremities, and right ventricular volume overload with mild pulmonary hypertension and was diagnosed with scurvy. He had a mild developmental disorder and a selective diet, which resulted in severe vitamin C deficiency. He received intravenous and oral vitamin C supplementation, which relieved his arthralgia and muscle pain in a week. Following 4 months of vitamin C supplementation, he demonstrated no abnormal manifestations on laboratory or imaging examination and recovered without sequelae. Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine evaluations demonstrated elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, and IL-23, which are associated with T-helper (Th) 17 cell activation. This study is the first to suggest the association between the inflammation seen in scurvy, rheumatic manifestations in the patient, and Th17 cell activation. Further analysis of the association between the inflammation and vitamin C supplementation may contribute to new insights for the comprehension and treatment of other inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatic diseases.
Reconstructing historical exposure to asbestos: the validation of ‘educated guesses’
Authors: Visonà S D , Crespi E , Belluso E , Capella S , De Matteis S , Filippi F , Lai M , Loscerbo R , Meloni F , Pilia I , Cocco P , Colosio C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
In both the epidemiological and legal context, the causal attribution of asbestos-related lung diseases requires retrospective exposure assessment (REA).

Aims
To assess the correlation between the retrospective assessment of occupational and anthropogenic environmental exposure to asbestos and its content in the lung tissue.

Methods
Based on the available exposure information, a team of occupational physicians retrospectively assessed cumulative exposure to asbestos in 24 subjects who died of asbestos-related diseases. The asbestos lung content was analysed using analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS). The Log10 asbestos fibre count in the autoptic samples was predicted as a function of the Log10 estimated cumulative exposure using univariate regression analysis.

Results
The median count of asbestos fibres by grams of dry weight (ff/gdw) in the lung tissue was 81 339 (range 0–2 135 849.06); it was 287 144 (range 0–2 135 849.06) among the occupationally exposed, and 29 671 (range 0–116 891) among the subjects who only had anthropogenic environmental and/or household exposure. Amphiboles, and particularly amosite (52%) and crocidolite (43%), were detected in all the study subjects. Chrysotile was not detected in any of the samples. Overall, the retrospective estimate of lifetime cumulative exposure to asbestos showed a moderate correlation with the total asbestos fibre count in the autoptic lung, with the regression model explaining 38–55% of the total variance.

Conclusions
Detailed information on occupational, environmental and household exposure circumstances would be indispensable for experienced industrial hygienists and/or occupational physicians to reliably assess past exposure to amphiboles or mixed types of asbestos.
Meta-Analysis: Outcomes of Surgical and Medical Management of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
Authors: Truong David H , Bedimo Roger , Malone Matthew , Wukich Dane K , Oz Orhan K , Killeen Amanda L , Lavery Lawrence A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes in the published literature on medical and surgical management of diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO).MethodsA PubMed and Google Scholar search of articles relating to DFO was performed over the dates of January 1931 to January 2020. Articles that involved Charcot arthropathy, case reports, small case series, review articles, commentaries, nonhuman studies, and non-English articles were excluded. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool was used to rate the bias of each study. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects and inverse variance methods. The search yielded 1192 articles. After review and the removal of articles that did not meet inclusion criteria, 28 articles remained. Eighteen articles were related to the medical management of DFO and 13 articles were related to surgical management. Three articles looked at a combination of medical and surgical management and were included in both groups. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran Q, I2, τ2, and τ.ResultsThe average success rate was 68.2% (range, 17.0%–97.3%) for medical treatment and 85.7% (range, 65.0%–98.8%) for surgical and medical treatment. There were significant inconsistencies in accounting for peripheral arterial disease and peripheral neuropathy. There was significant heterogeneity in outcomes between studies. However, there was a high rate of successful treatment and a wide range between patients with medical treatment and combined surgical and medical treatment.ConclusionsAdditional properly designed prospective studies with gold-standard references for diagnosing osteomyelitis are needed to help determine whether medical management of DFO can be successful without surgical intervention.
Information versus Investment
Authors: Terry Stephen J , Whited Toni M , Zakolyukina Anastasia A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe quantify the real implications of trade-offs between firm information disclosure and long-term investment efficiency. We estimate a dynamic equilibrium model in which firm managers confront realistic incentives to misreport earnings and distort their real investment choices. The model implies a socially optimal level of disclosure regulation that exceeds the estimated value. Counterfactual analysis reveals that eliminating earnings misreporting completely through disclosure regulation incentivizes managers to distort real investment. Lower earnings informativeness raises the cost of capital, which results in a 5.7$\%$ drop in average firm value, but more modest effects on social welfare and aggregate growth.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Healthcare-associated central nervous system infections
Authors: Ippolito Mariachiara , Giarratano Antonino , Cortegiani Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to provide a practical and updated summary on healthcare-associated central nervous system infections and their management.

Recent findings
The term ‘healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis’ has recently been coined and clinical practical guidelines have been published on the management of these nosocomial infections. Many aspects have still to be further investigated (e.g. cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, indications for novel antibiotics, intrathecal antimicrobial regimens).

Summary
Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for healthcare-associated central nervous system infections in patients with specific risk factors (i.e. recent neurosurgery, cerebrospinal shunts, drains or implantable devices, head/spinal traumatic events), taking into account systemic signs, and alterations in microbiological, imaging, cerebrospinal fluid findings. The diagnosis is often difficult to confirm because of reduced levels of consciousness or coma. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative (often multidrug-resistant or even pandrug-resistant) microorganisms may be the cause. Selection of antibiotics must consider susceptibility and penetration into the central nervous system. Ineffective treatments are frequent, and mortality can reach 60%. Future research should focus on the diagnostic performance of biomarkers and on the use of novel antimicrobial regimens, especially for the treatment of difficult to treat infections.
Brain death/death by neurologic criteria determination: an update
Authors: Drost Gea , Absalom Anthony R. , Kuiper Michael A. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Brain death, also known as death by neurologic criteria (DNC), is a well-established concept. In this article, we present a short history of the concept and give an overview of recent changes and a practical update on diagnosis and definitions of brain death/DNC. Unresolved issues will be discussed.

Recent findings
There is variability in brain death/DNC determination worldwide. In recent years, successful attempts have been made to harmonize these criteria and, consequently, to improve public trust in the process and diagnosis. An international multidisciplinary collaboration has been created and it has published minimum criteria, provided guidance for professionals and encouragement to revise or develop guidelines on brain death/DNC worldwide.

Summary
There are two sets of criteria for declaration of death. First, if there is neither cardiac output nor respiratory effort, then cardiopulmonary criteria are used. Second, if both the cerebrum and brainstem have completely and permanently lost all functions, and there is a persistent coma, absent brainstem reflexes and no spontaneous respiratory effort, death can be declared on the basis of brain death/DNC. Although attempts to formulate uniform criteria are ongoing, consensus has been reached on the minimum criteria. Some inconsistencies and questions remain.