bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the standard setting, validity and reliability of the standardized patient performance rating scale – student version
Authors: Gonullu Ipek , Dogan Celal Deha , Erden Sengul , Gokmen Derya , Gokmen Derya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The quality of standardized patients’ performance plays a significant role in the effectiveness of clinical skills education. Therefore, providing standardized patients with constant feedback is pivotal, and as the students interact one-on-one with standardized patients, it is essential to learn the students' perspectives immediately after the encounters. There is not a single study where a standard scale with a cut-off score is specifically developed for students to assess the quality of standardized patients’ performance immediately after the encounters. The three main goals of this study include: 1) Developing a scale to measure standardized patients’ performance by students; 2) Examining its psychometric properties; and 3) Doing a standard-setting to determine a cut-off score for the scale. Materials and methods: In the scale developing process; for the pilot testing, and validation process, 702 medical students participated, whereas for the standard-setting process, seven educators took part in this study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. For the standard-setting study, the extended Angoff method was utilized. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale had a single-factor structure as confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.91. The scale consisted of nine items. The score of a standardized patient at the borderline was 24.11 out of 45.Conclusions: "Standardized Patient Performance Rating Scale – Student Version" is a valid and reliable scale for assessing the performance of standardized patients by the students immediately. It will guide standardized patient trainers during their training and will enable standardized patients to assess and develop their weaknesses on an individual performance level.
School Burnout in Adolescents: What are the Role of Emotional Autonomy and Setting Life Goals?
Authors: Kaya Meva Demir , Kaya Feridun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of setting life goals in the relationship between emotional autonomy and school burnout. The study was carried out in accordance with the correlational survey model, which is used to determine the existence of covariance between two or more variables. The mediation model was tested on 304 high school students [156 (51.3%) females, 148 (48.7%) males; Mage = 16.12, SD = 1.20]. The School Burnout Inventory, the Scale of Setting Life Goals, the Emotional Autonomy Scale, and a Personal Information Form were used in the research. According to the results, school burnout had negative significant correlations with emotional autonomy and setting life goals. On the other hand, there was a significant positive correlation between emotional autonomy and setting life goals. The mediation analysis results indicated that setting life goals had a fully mediating role between emotional autonomy and school burnout. Accordingly, emotional autonomy promoted setting life goals and contributed to mitigating school burnout. In this respect, this study points out that some positive emotional factors have a protective function against school burnout.
Inferring Cell-type-specific Genes of Lung Cancer Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Huang Jingyu , Cheng Nitao , Chen Chen , Li Changsheng 
Published: March 2022

Background:Lung cancer is cancer with the highest incidence in the world, and there is obvious heterogeneity within its tumor. The emergence of single-cell sequencing technology allows researchers to obtain cell-type-specific expression genes at the single-cell level, thereby obtaining information regarding the cell status and subpopulation distribution, as well as the communication behavior between cells. Many researchers have applied this technology to lung cancer research, but due to the shortcomings of insufficient sequencing depth, only a small part of the gene expression can be detected. Researchers can only roughly compare whether a few thousand genes are significant in different cell types.Methods:To fully explore the expression of all genes in different cell types, we propose a method to predict cell-type-specific genes. This method infers cell-type-specific genes based on the expression levels of genes in different tissues and cells and gene interactions. At present, biological experiments have discovered a large number of cell-type-specific genes, providing a large number of available samples for the application of deep learning methods.Results:Therefore, we fused Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) with Convolutional Neural Network( CNN) to build, model, and inferred cell-type-specific genes of lung cancer in 8 cell types.Conclusions:This method further analyzes and processes single-cell data and provides a new basis for research on heterogeneity in lung cancer tumor, microenvironment, invasion and metastasis, treatment response, drug resistance, etc.
Synthetic Strategies of Pyrazoline Derivatives for the Development of New
Anticancer Agents: Recent Updates
Authors: Ray Pushkar Kumar , Salahuddin  , Mazumder Avijit , Kumar Rajnish , Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , Yar Mohamed Shahar 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Pyrazoline is a heterocyclic compound with five members, two nitrogen atoms
in a circle, and one endocyclic bond. Pyrazoline is a popular electron-rich nitrogen carrier that
combines exciting electronic properties with the potential for dynamic applications. Pyrazine derivatives
have been synthesized using a variety of methods, all of which have shown to have a strong biological
effect.

Objective:
The study of the biological activity of pyrazoline derivatives has been a fascinating field of
pharmaceutical chemistry. Pyrazolines are used in a wide range of applications. The pyrazoline derivatives
described in the literature between 2000 and 2021 were the focus of this study. Pyazolines have
been discussed in terms of their introduction, general synthetic method, and anticancer potential in the
current review.

Conclusion:
Pyrazolines are well-known heterocyclic compounds. Pyrazoline is a five-membered ring
containing three carbon and two nitrogen atoms nearby. The synthesis of pyrazolines has been described
using a variety of methods. Anticancer activity has been discovered in a number of pyrazoline
derivatives, which encourages further research. The use of pyrazoline to treat cancer has piqued researchers'
interest in learning more about this moiety.
Site-Specific Binding of Anti-Cancer Drugs to Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Bhosale Mrinalini , Jeelani Ishtiaq , Nawaz Allah , Abe Hitoshi , Padhye Subhash 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:The interaction of drugs with proteins plays a very important role in the distribution of the drug. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in the human body and showing great binding characteristics has gained a lot of importance pharmaceutically. It plays an essential role in the pharmacokinetics of a number of drugs and hence several reports are available on the interaction of drugs with HSA. It can bind to cancer drugs and thus it is crucial to look at the binding characteristics of these drugs with HSA. Herein we summarize the binding properties of some anti-cancer drugs by specifically looking into the binding site with HSA. The number of drugs binding at Sudlow's site I situated in subdomain II A is more than the drugs binding at Sudlow's site II.
A Game Theory-based Approach to Fuzzy Linear Transportation Problem
Authors: Temelcan Gizem , Kocken Hale Gonce , Albayrak Inci 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Transport models have wide application areas in the real world and play
an important role in reducing transportation costs, increasing service quality, etc. These models
may have uncertain transportation costs and supply or demand capacities of the product. Hence, it
would be effective to model the vagueness of customer demands, economic conditions, and technical
or non-technical uncertainties because of uncontrollable factors. Therefore, we focus on developing
a mathematical solution approach to the fuzzy transportation problems.

Objective:
In this paper, an integrated approach is proposed for the solution of the fuzzy linear
transportation problem that has fuzzy cost coefficients in the objective function. Since transportation
problem is encountered frequently in the national and international environment, it is considered
that proposing a new solution method to this problem will be useful.

Methods:
Fuzzy cost coefficients are taken as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers due to their widespread
use in the literature. Firstly, the fuzziness is removed by converting the original single objective
fuzzy transportation problem into a crisp Multi-Objective Linear Programming Problem (MOLPP).
After the classical payoff matrix is constructed, ratio matrices are obtained to scale the objectives.
Then, an approach based on game theory is implemented to solve the MOLPP, which is handled as
a zero-sum game.

Results:
Creating different ratio matrices in the game theory part of the approach can generate
compromise solutions for the decision-makers. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed
approach, two numerical examples from the literature are solved. While the same solution is obtained
in one of the examples, a different compromise solution set is generated, which could be
presented to the decision-maker in the other example.

Conclusion:
In this paper, we developed a novel game theory-based approach to the fuzzy transportation
problem. The proposed approach overcomes the non-linear structure due to the uncertainty
in the cost coefficients. The greatest advantage of the proposed approach is that it can generate
more than one optimal solution for the decision-maker.
Juan Rafael Coronel Rivera. Taco de ojo: El erotismo popular. México: CONACULTA, 2014; 296 pp.
Authors: Sotelo Chávez Leonardo David 
Published: March 2022

Recuerdo que en la casa de un tío paterno se encontraba colgado en la pared, justo al centro de la habitación, un cuadro en donde se podía ver representado el mito de los volcanes: una mujer recostada, como herida, acompañada de su amado que doliente la observaba. Ambos estaban caracterizados como supermodelos de cuerpos muy bien torneados, y como fondo de su escena se encontraba el Popocatepetl e Iztaccihuatl. Sobra decir que la casa de mi tío, aún en pie, está ubicada un poco más allá de la Sanfe, ya en el Edo. de México. La San Felipe de Jesús es una de las colonias más populares ubicada sobre la frontera norte de la CDMX. Siempre que recuerdo aquella casa viene a mí, a parte de aquel cuadro, un saborcito de tequila y nostalgia acompañados de una canción de los Cadetes de Linares que inicia:
No, no te preocupes por mí,
aquí todo sigue igual,
como cuando estabas tú…
Al parecer, sin saberlo, a los seis años ya eran parte de mí una serie de códigos que configuran un concepto importantísimo para el imaginario de cualquier cultura: lo popular. Algo tan inherente a nosotros que se manifiesta desde nuestra voz, nuestra ropa, nuestros gestos. Juan Rafael Coronel --curador, historiador del arte, fotógrafo, poeta y bastantes cosas más-- lo sabe perfectamente, y sabe también que no hay algo más popular y común denominador de la población mexicana que la sexualidad. De ahí que la idea de traer a la parte institucional una mezcla tan interesante y basta sobre este tema popular --no poco trabajado, y que personajes como Foucault han desentrañado-- es una propuesta necesaria y digna de llevar a cabo, más en una sociedad que siempre ha tenido tantos matices y contradicciones al respecto.
Definido por Rodolfo Rodríguez, Director del MNCP: “‘Echarse un taco de ojo’ significa ver sin tocar, deleitarse, extasiarse: es un placer individual que se relaciona con los sentidos y la imaginación”. Y en realidad lo es, por ello nació, en el Museo Nacional de Culturas Populares, esta exposición con piezas que expresan el erotismo popular en México desde la época precolombina hasta la época contemporánea. Más tarde, para que el público pudiera adentrarse de manera remota a la exposición, se gestó el libro con fotografías. Su lectura es un deleite en el que todos pueden identificarse con una pequeña risa de pena y una imposibilidad de negar que a todos nos entra lo popular.
PERSEPSI PENGUSAHA KERIPIK TEMPE SANAN TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH (STUDI INDUSTRI TEMPE SANAN KOTA MALANG)
Authors: Viana Vira Okta , Zuhroh Idah , Suliswanto Muhammad Sri Wahyudi 
Published: March 2022

This study aims to describe the micro business profile of Sanan tempe chips and provide an overview of the perceptions of Sanan tempe chips entrepreneurs on Islamic bank financing. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis research method by combining qualitative and quantitative method approaches in the different stages of the research process. The results showed that the profile of tempe chips entrepreneurs in terms of production could produce between 800-2,800 per month on average with a price of Rp. 7000, with an average income between 1,000,000 – 5,000,000 with a percentage of 48.6%. For the marketing aspect, it uses more inside and outside the region, marketing outside the region such as: Batu City, Pasuruan, and Surabaya. The perception of the tempe sanan chip entrepreneur on financing, in terms of 4 aspects: in 4 aspects it has a different percentage level and criteria. The criteria that are lacking are in the procedural aspect with a percentage rate of 59% of respondents compared to the other 3 aspects. This shows that there are many responses that choose less appropriate regarding the disbursement of financing and the financing application process.
Acute Toxicity Test and Nootropic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats
Authors: Pathak (Sakhare) Leena 
Published: March 2022

The dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, belongs to the family fabaceae enhances the memory function and this could be mediated through brain cholinergic system. Historically in China it is used as a medicine for treatment of different types of diseases. It gives good protection against aging and age related diseases. Astragalus membranaceus Bunge root extract was investigated to reveal its nootropic effect and acute toxicity study. The powdered roots were tested for the phytochemical constituents. Carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, glycosides, saponins, volatile oils, alkaloids, sterols and flavonoids were present. The acute toxicity study of ethanolic extract was carried out according to the OECD test guideline 423. There were no signs of toxicity of rats even with a maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg of the extract during 14 days. For evaluation of nootropic activity, ethanolic extract was administered by oral route to scopolamine induced amnesic rat model. The reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain supports the elevated plus maze (EPM) and passive avoidance test by improving memory function by lowering acetylcholinesterase activity. Present study shows Astragalus membranaceus Bunge root extract possesses significant nootropic activity in scopolamine induced amnesia rat models.
Keywords: Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, EPM, passive avoidance, nootropic, acetyl Cholinesterase and Scopolamine.
Design, Development and Characterization of Nanoemulsion developed by High Pressure Homogenization (HPH) method Containing Antifungal Drug
Authors: Gorle Ashish , Ahire Kalpesh , Shende Rutuja 
Published: March 2022

Nanoemulsion is one the most attractive drug delivery for researchers to treat fungal diseases and getting interested in increasing the solubility of low soluble drugs. The objective of this research was to develop a topical nanoemulsion formulation of Posaconazole drug with the intention to enhance its aqueous solubility and local action. By employing High Pressure Homogenization (HPH) method, oil in water nanoemulsion was formulated with 0.2% cinnamon oil as lipid phase, 0.4% tween-80 and poloxamer-188 as surfactants, 0.2% transcutol as a co-surfactant. The physical characteristics of formulations were found to be stable after thermodynamic stability testing. In-vitro diffusion study for optimized nanoemulsion was performed using a dialysis bag membrane and cumulative % drug release was determined. Viscosity and percent drug content was observed to be 0.0593 cps and 90.21 ± 0.23% respectively. The optimized nanoemulsion formulation (F8) was evaluated to be transparent and thermodynamically stable, with -9.46 zeta potential, 78.79 nm particle size, 0.315 polydispersity index. The optimized Nanoemulsion was stable for 3 month in three different temperature conditions. The result from the release study was indicative of improved solubility of Posaconazole, which may serve to boost up the action of the drug for the treatment of fungal diseases.
Keywords: Posaconazole, Nanoemulsion, HPH method, Physical Characterization
Alliance between Malabsorption Syndrome and Hypokalemia in Small Bowel Resection: A Case Report
Authors: Mathews Anit Peter , Mopidevi Rasi Srinivas , Dalal Varsha , Swamy AHMV 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: This case will outline the malabsorption syndrome and hypokalemia caused by small bowel resection (S/P anastomosis).SBR avert absorption of nutrients and electrolytes from the small intestine which leads to multiple deficiencies.
One of the consequences of malabsorption is that the person becomes weak and malnourished. Potassium is necessary for the proper functioning of your muscles, nerves, and heart.
Low potassium levels have been linked to classic signs and symptoms such as altered mental status, muscular dysfunction and paralysis, and cardiac arrhythmias. One of the first steps in treating patients with non-functioning bowels is to correct electrolyte imbalances. The goal of electrolyte therapy is to prevent complications outside of the gastrointestinal tract. Insufficient digestion and/or absorption of nutritive foods are frequent outcome of significant resection of the digestive tract.
Malabsorption affects millions of people around the world. Resection of a large portion of the small bowel can result in severe to moderate malabsorption, as well as malnutrition and electrolyte imbalance, as seen in this case.
The term "malabsorption syndrome" refers to a group of conditions in which the small intestine is unable to absorb enough nutrients and fluids. Macronutrients (carbs, protein, and fats), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), or both are nutrients that the small intestine has difficulty absorbing.
Conclusion: The case highlights that small bowel resection induces malabsorption syndrome and hypokalemia in post-operative complication. Hence the physicians need to monitor for the malabsorption signs and symptoms through lab investigations. Further which can be corrected by giving respective treatment and proper diet for the same.
Keywords: Malabsorption syndrome, hypokalemia , small bowel resection, case report.
Retrospective Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions at South Indian Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Subbaiah Meda Venkata , Reddy Veesam Harinath , Maneesha Y. , Manasa Palla , Sreevani A. , Sarala B. , Reddy K. Narotham 
Published: March 2022

Background: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an appreciably harmful reaction from an intervention related to the use of the medicinal product, which predicts hazard from future administration and specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product. This study aimed to analyze ADRs retrospectively to understand their nature at the study site.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of the ADRs reported over 6 months was conducted at a South Indian Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.We analyzed Patient characteristics, Causality, Severity,Dechallenge, Rechallenge, Management, Outcomes, Department, Drug Class, and Organ system involved related adverse events.
Results: Out of 116 ADRs females developed 51.72 % of reactions, and ADRs are more common in the adult population (73.2 %), followed by geriatrics (11.2 %). Antibiotics were the most frequently used medication class and also lead to the majority of reactions (16.3%). A total of 55 ADRs were assessed for causality, and 31 (57.4%) reactions were possibly linked to the implicated medications. At the time of reporting, 41 (35.6 %) patients had recovered from the reaction, 37 % of ADRs were non-serious, and no deaths had been reported.
Conclusions: The majority of ADRs were minor, and patients were able to recover from them after discontinuing the implicated medicine. We were unable to estimate the severity of the ADRs using this reporting form, and the majority of ADRs lacked a causation assessment, which is not a mandatory condition for reporting any suspected ADR.
Keywords: ADRs, Retrospective study, Causality assessment, HCPs, Pharmacovigilance program of India.
Design and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Multiple Units of Dipyridamole: in-vitro and in-vivo human studies
Authors: Kumar Kiran , Ghosh Soumyadip , Sashikala B. V. Sonam , Rao Y. Madhusudan , Ajitha M. 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The pH dependent solubility of Dipyridamole was made to select as a model drug for the formulation of gastroretentive drug delivery system. Dipyridamole is highly soluble in acidic pH and as the pH increases the solubility of the drug decreases. The study was planned to formulate, characterize with in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation in human volunteers.
Method: In this study floating mini matrix tablets of Dipyridamole was formulated using HPMC grade polymers by wet granulation method and prepared multiple units equivalent to one dose were filled in one 000 size empty gelatin capsule. The prepared multiple units were subjected to physical evaluation, in-vitro drug release, and stability studies as per ICH guidelines. The in-vivo radiographic studies were conducted for determining the residence time of dosage form in human subjects.
Results: All the prepared batches showed good physical properties and in-vitro buoyancy. The optimized FD7 formulation remained buoyant for more than 12 h with drug release of more than 90% in 12 h. The drug release kinetics for optimized formulation FD7 followed a first order kinetics with non fickian mechanism. Formulation FD7 was selected as the best formulation based on the in-vitro characteristics and subjected for stability and in-vivo radiographic studies. These studies revealed that the multiple units were stable during the stability period and remained in the stomach for upto 6 h in human subjects.
Conclusion: Based on in-vitro characteristics and in-vivo radiographic studies, formulation FD7 was concluded as the best formulation among others. Due to increase in gastric retention time, by choosing floating mini matrix tablets we can improve patient compliance and ensure better disease management.
Keywords: Dipyridamole, Mini matrix tablets, In-vitro buoyancy, Stability studies Radiographic Studies