bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depot-specific adipose tissue modulation by SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists mediates their cardioprotective effects in metabolic disease
Authors: Bakkar Nour-Mounira Z. , AlZaim Ibrahim , El-Yazbi Ahmed F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are newer antidiabetic drug classes, which were recently shown to decrease cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. CV benefits of these drugs could not be directly attributed to their blood glucose lowering capacity possibly implicating a pleotropic effect as a mediator of their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Particularly, preclinical and clinical studies indicate that SGLT-2i(s) and GLP-1 receptor agonists are capable of differentially modulating distinct adipose pools reducing the accumulation of fat in some depots, promoting the healthy expansion of others, and/or enhancing their browning, leading to the suppression of the metabolically induced inflammatory processes. These changes are accompanied with improvements in markers of cardiac structure and injury, coronary and vascular endothelial healing and function, vascular remodeling, as well as reduction of atherogenesis. Here, through a summary of the available evidence, we bring forth our view that the observed CV benefit in response to SGLT-2i or GLP-1 agonists therapy might be driven by their ameliorative impact on adipose tissue inflammation.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Pino L. , Brogi M. , Désert J. M. , Nascimbeni V. , Bonomo A. S. , Rauscher E. , Basilicata M. , Biazzo K. , Bignamini A. , Borsa F. , Claudi R. , Covino E. , Di Mauro M. P. , Guilluy G. , Maggio A. , Malavolta L. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Molinaro M. , Montalto M. , Nardiello D. , Pedani M. , Piotto G. , Poretti E. , Rainer M. , Scandariato G. , Sicilia D. , Sozzetti A. 
Published: November 2022

Aims.We present a novel method for studying the thermal emission of exoplanets as a function of orbital phase at very high spectral resolution, and use it to investigate the climate of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9b.Methods.We combine three nights of HARPS-N and two nights of CARMENES optical spectra, covering orbital phases between quadratures (0.25 < φ < 0.75), when the planet shows its day-side hemisphere with different geometries. We co-add the signal of thousands of Fe Ilines through cross-correlation, which we map to a likelihood function. We investigate the phase-dependence of two separate observable quantities, namely (i) the line depths of Fe Iand (ii) their Doppler shifts, introducing a new method that exploits the very high spectral resolution of our observations.Results.We confirm a previous detection of Fe Iemission, and demonstrate a precision of 0.5 km s−1on the orbital properties of KELT-9b when combining all nights of observations. By studying the phase-resolved Doppler shift of Fe Ilines, we detect an anomaly in the planet's orbital radial velocity well-fitted with a slightly eccentric orbital solution (e= 0.016 ± 0.003, ω = 150−11+13°, 5σ preference). However, we argue that this anomaly is caused by atmospheric circulation patterns, and can be explained if neutral iron gas is advected by day-to-night atmospheric wind flows of the order of a few km s−1. We additionally show that the Fe Iemission line depths are symmetric around the substellar point within 10° (2σ), possibly indicating the lack of a large hot-spot offset at the altitude probed by neutral iron emission lines. Finally, we do not obtain a significant preference for models with a strong phase-dependence of the Fe Iemission line strength. We show that these results are qualitatively compatible with predictions from general circulation models (GCMs) for ultra-hot Jupiter planets.Conclusions.Very high-resolution spectroscopy phase curves are of sufficient sensitivity to reveal a phase dependence in both the line depths and their Doppler shifts throughout the orbit. They constitute an under-exploited treasure trove of information that is highly complementary to space-based phase curves obtained with HST and JWST, and open a new window onto the still poorly understood climate and atmospheric structure of the hottest planets known to date.
Origin of the differences in rotational support among early-type galaxies: The case of galaxies outside clusters
Authors: Bílek M. , Duc P.-A. , Sola E. 
Published: November 2022

Context.Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are divided into slow and fast rotators (FRs and SRs) according to the degree of ordered rotation of their stellar populations. Cosmological hydrodynamical simulations indicate that galaxies form as FRs before their rotational support decreases, usually because of mergers.Aims.We aimed to investigate this process observationally for galaxies outside of clusters.Methods.We made use of the fact that different merger types leave different traces that have different lifetimes. We statistically analyzed multiple characteristics of galaxies that are expected to be influenced by mergers, such as tidal features, kinematically distinct cores, and stellar ages. They were taken from the MATLAS and ATLAS3Ddatabases. Through multilinear regression we identified the quantities that, at a fixed mass and environmental density of the galaxy, significantly correlate with a measure of the ordered rotation of the galaxy,λReN.Results.We found a negative correlation of the rotational support with the occurrence of tidal disturbances and kinematic substructures, and a positive correlation with metallicity and metallicity gradients. For massive galaxies, the rotational support correlates negatively with the abundance ofα-elements, and for the galaxies in low-density environments, it correlates negatively with the central photometric cuspiness. These and additional literature observational constraints are explained the easiest if the mergers that decreased the rotational support of ETGs were typically minor, wet, and happening atz ≈ 2. They did not form the currently observed tidal features. The observed frequency of tidal features implies a merging rate of 0.07–0.2 per Gyr. This is insufficient to explain the observed growth of the radii of ETGs with redshift by mergers.
From incoherent field to coherent reconnection
Authors: Robinson Rebecca A. , Carlsson Mats , Aulanier Guillaume 
Published: November 2022

Context. Magnetic reconnection in the quiet Sun is a phenomenon that is consistently observed, however, its conditions of occurrence are not as well known as for more energetic events. It has recently become feasible to address this issue with 3D numerical simulations of realistically stratified and convection-driven reconnection.
Aims. We aim to illustrate ways by which quiet Sun fields may contribute to solar atmospheric heating via magnetic reconnection that is driven by convective motion. We also aim to compare our complex stratified model to earlier idealized coronal models in terms of reconnection drivers and topological conditions.
Methods. We analyzed a simulation of the quiet Sun in which a complex coronal magnetic field is self-consistently driven by the underlying convection. We employed a selection of Lagrangian markers to trace the spatiotemporal behavior of specific magnetic features that are relevant to magnetic reconnection and atmospheric heating.
Results. A relatively large-scale reconnection-driven heating event occurs in the simulated corona, in a flattened X-shaped feature characterized by a weak field and high current. It is reminiscent of a hyperbolic flux tube (HFT), which is located at the interface between multiple flux systems. One of these is a smooth overlying horizontal field and the two most relevant others are located below the HFT. They consist of an arcade and a horizontal flux rope which eventually reconnect with the overlying field, raising coronal plasma temperatures up to 1.47 MK.
Conclusions. We have identified a reconnection-driven coronal heating event in a quiet Sun simulation. We find that our results are in good phenomenological agreement with idealized coronal flare models, which demonstrates that the same general physical concepts are valid. However, we also find that the reconnecting flux rope and arcade are neither formed by any obvious coherent flux emergence, nor by any ordered photospheric motion or flux cancellation. Instead, they seem to develop merely from the self-consistent convective driving of pre-existing tangled field lines. This gradual and smooth ordering suggests an inverse cascade of magnetic helicity via smaller reconnection events, located at or above slowly-moving photospheric flux concentrations. We suggest that this case is representative of many heating events that may be ubiquitous in the real quiet Sun.
Circumbinary planets: migration, trapping in mean-motion resonances, and ejection
Authors: Gianuzzi Emmanuel , Giuppone Cristian , Cuello Nicolás 
Published: November 2022

Context.Most of the planetary systems discovered around binary stars are located at approximately three semi-major axes from the barycentre of their system, curiously close to low-order mean-motion resonances (MMRs). The formation mechanism of these circumbinary planets is not yet fully understood. In situ formation is extremely challenging because of the strong interaction with the binary. One possible explanation is that, after their formation, the interactions between these planets and the surrounding protoplanetary disc cause them to migrate at velocities dependent on the nature of the disc and the mass of the exoplanet. Although extensive data can be obtained with direct hydrodynamical simulations, their computational cost remains too high. On the other hand, the directN-body simulations approach allows us to model a large variety of parameters at much lower cost.Aims.We analyse the planetary migration around a wide variety of binary stars using Stokes-like forces that mimic planetary migration at a constant rate. Our goal is to identify the main parameters responsible for the ejection of planets at different resonances with the inner binary.Methods.We performed 4200N-body simulations with Stokes-like forces and analysed their evolution and outcome as a function of the properties of each system. For each simulated exoplanet, we applied an ensemble learning method for classification in order to clarify the relationship between the inspected parameters and the process of MMR capture.Results.We identify the capture probability for different N/1 MMRs, 4/1 being the most prone to capture exoplanets, with 37% probability, followed by MMR 5/1 with ~23% of probability. The eccentricity of the binary is found to be the most important parameter in determining the MMR capture of each circumbinary exoplanet, followed by the mass ratio of the binary and the initial eccentricity of the planet.
Am liebsten erinnere ich mich an die Zukunft –
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen befürworten die
Widerspruchslösung
Authors: Blasczyk Rainer 
Published: November 2022

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,auch wenn wir dachten, dass es nicht schlimmer kommen könnte – die
Anzahl der Organspenden ist 2022 in Deutschland weiter gefallen: die Zahl der
postmortalen Organspender liegt mit Stand September 2022 bei 636 und damit im
Vergleich zum Vorjahr um 8,6% niedriger. Damit ist Deutschland weiterhin
Schlusslicht im Eurotransplant-Verbund.
Akupunktur bei funktionellen gastrointestinalen Störungen:
ein systematisches Review und eine Metaanalyse
Authors: Feig Martin A. 
Published: November 2022

Zielsetzung Die therapeutische Wirkung von Akupunktur bei funktionellen
gastrointestinalen Störungen (functional gastrointestinal disorders,
FGID) ist umstritten. Eine Metaanalyse wurde durchgeführt, um die
Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der Akupunktur bei FGID zu bewerten.
Methoden Die Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PUBMED, Web of Science, Wanfang
Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure und VIP-Database wurden ohne
sprachliche Einschränkungen bis zum 31.12.2019 durchsucht. Das
Risikoverhältnis (relatives Risiko, RR) mit
95-%-Konfidenzintervall (KI) wurde berechnet, um die Verbesserung der
Symptomschwere nach der Behandlung zu bestimmen.
Ergebnisse Es wurden insgesamt 61 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien
(RCT) zur Behandlung der FGID mit Akupunktur eingeschlossen. Die gepoolten
Ergebnisse zeigten Folgendes: Die Akupunktur führte im Vergleich zur
Pharmakotherapie (RR 1,13; 95-%-KI 1,09–1,17),
Plazebo-Akupunktur (RR 1,69; 95-%-KI 1,37–2,08), keiner
spezifischen Behandlung (RR 1,86; 95-%-KI 1,31–2,62) und die
Akupunktur zusätzlich als Begleitmaßnahme zu anderen aktiven
Behandlungen (RR 1,25; 95-%-KI 1,21–1,30) jeweils zu
Verbesserungen der Symptomschwere. Die Ergebnisse von Untergruppenanalysen, die
nach funktioneller Dyspepsie, Reizdarmsyndrom und funktioneller Verstopfung
gegliedert waren, untermauerten diesen Befund. Die Häufigkeit von
unerwünschten Ereignissen war bei Akupunktur geringer als bei anderen
Behandlungen (RR 0,75; 95-%-KI 0,56–0,99).
Schlussfolgerung Die Metaanalyse ergab, dass Akupunktur signifikant mit
der Linderung von FGID-Symptomen assoziiert war; die Qualität der
Evidenzlage war jedoch mäßig oder gering. Um die Wirksamkeit und
Sicherheit von Akupunktur als FGID-Behandlung zu verifizieren, sind weitere
Daten aus exakt konzipierten und gut geprüften RCTs erforderlich.
Two-Step Substitution Reaction of Phosphonates Carrying a Binaphthyl Group with Grignard Reagents Leading to the Formation of P-Chirogenic Phosphine Oxides
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Ono Shunya , Sugiyama Aya , Sakamoto Nao , Kuwabara Kazuma , Minoura Mao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe reaction of phosphonates carrying a binaphthyl group with a range of Grignard reagents was complete within two hours at 0 °C to give phosphinates carrying a hydroxybinaphthyl group with high ­efficiency and diastereoselectivity. The resulting phosphinates were further subjected to a substitution reaction with MeMgBr. The reaction at reflux temperature in THF or toluene permitted the formation of P-chirogenic tertiary phosphine oxides with a high enantiomeric ratio. Rare examples of P-chirogenic alkynyl phosphine oxides were also obtained. The sequential one-pot substitution reaction of phosphonates bearing a binaphthyl group with two different Grignard reagents successfully gave the corresponding P-chirogenic phosphine oxides with enantiomeric ratios nearly equal to those of oxides derived from two-step reactions.
Protective Effect of the SIRT1-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway against Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Zhang Rui-Bo , Ren Lan , Ding De-Ping , Wang Heng-Dong , Peng Juan , Zheng Kun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective To discover the mechanism of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in the protection against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonatal mice.
Materials and Methods Neonatal mice were treated with EX527 (an inhibitor of SIRT1) and/or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB). The survival rate of the mice was recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the intestines. Furthermore, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to measure the protein and gene expression, while corresponding kits were used to detect the levels of oxidative stress indicators.
Results PDTC increased the survival rate of NEC mice. When compared with the NEC+ EX527 + PDTC group, the histological NEC score was higher in the NEC + EX527 group but lower in the NEC + PDTC group. SIRT1 expression in the intestines of NEC mice was downregulated, with an increase in p65 nuclear translocation. Additionally, malondialdehyde increased and glutathione peroxidase decreased in the intestines of NEC mice, with the upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as the downregulation of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4 in the intestines. However, the above changes could be improved by PDTC, which could be further reversed by EX527.
Conclusion SIRT1 can mitigate inflammation and the oxidative stress response and improve intestinal permeability by mediating the NF-κB pathway, playing an important role in the alleviation of NEC.
Intranasal Midazolam Premedication for Digital Image-Assisted Fundus Examination in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Sartorius Victor , Tellier Mélanie , Jouvette Isabelle , De Luca Daniele 
Published: November 2022

Objective We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of fundus examination in preterm newborns after implementing a premedication with intranasal midazolam as a quality improvement project in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Study Design Prospective examination of all fundus examinations between January and June 2022, before 0 (T0) and after 1 (T1), 15 (T15), and 60 (T60) minutes from intranasal midazolam administration. The EDIN (Echelle de Douleur et Incomfort du Nouveau-né [newborn pain and discomfort score—in French]) pain score was calculated and various physiologic parameters were recorded. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA (analysis of variance).
Results A total of 36 fundus examinations were performed in 27 noninvasively ventilated patients. The mean EDIN score went from 0.8 ± 1 at T0 to 0.72 ± 1.05 at T1, then to 0.22 ± 0.59 at T15, and to 0 ± 0 at T60 (p < 0.001). Thus, it remained below the threshold of 5, which is associated with significant pain. The mean heart rate decreased from 164 ± 16 at T0, to 161 ± 16 at T1, then to 154 ± 14 at T15, and to 153 ± 12 at T60 (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the oxygen saturation/inspired oxygen fraction ratio across the four time points (p = 0.202) and the mean arterial pressure was similar before and after the administration of midazolam (60 ± 10 vs. 59 ± 10, p = 0.571).
Conclusion Intranasal midazolam provides good comfort and normal physiological parameters; therefore, the implementation of a NICU protocol to improve quality of retinal examinations seems feasible and well tolerated.
Key Points
The influence of aging time and moisture content on the tensile strength of transformer bushing insulating paper
Authors: Dai Quanmin , Mu Guowei , Tan Fuwen , Chen Huidong , You Xianggang , Liu Yanxia , Cheng Guang 
Published: November 2022

The parameter of tensile strength for transformer bushing insulating paper occupies an important position in the structural design and life evaluation of transformer bushing. In order to precisely achieve the effect of aging time and moisture content on the tensile strength of transformer bushing paper, transformer insulating paper samples with a thickness of 0.13 mm were prepared for tensile strength and dielectric strength testing under different moisture contents and aging states. The results show that the tensile strength (MPa) of insulating paper decreases linearly in the range of 0–648 h under accelerated thermal aging at 130 °C. However, there is a more serious exponential decline in the tensile strength (MPa) of insulation paper with its moisture content is boosted. The moisture content in insulation paper is the most important factor for insulation paper deterioration in oil-impregnated paper insulation equipment, which could accelerate the end of insulation service life. The value of capacitance increment ΔC of the insulation paper samples displayed closely linear growth with a moisture content from 0.5% to 5.9%. Strictly controlling the moisture content by monitoring the ΔC value of transformer insulation paper is of significance for prolonging its service life.
Fouling on laser-fabricated model surface reliefs of functional food-industry materials
Authors: Nastulyavichus A A , Smirnov N A , Khaertdinova L F , Tolordava E R , Yushina Yu K , Rudenko A A , Ionin A A , Kudryashov S I , Gonchukov S A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A typical food industry material (stainless steel) was laser-textured to evaluate biofouling of model surface relief. Both initial and laser-textured surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray radiation, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning probe microscopy to reveal the most important pre-requisites for their biofouling by food pathogen bacteria.
Plasma atomic layer etching of GaN/AlGaN materials and application: An overview
Authors: Guan Lulu , Li Xingyu , Che Dongchen , Xu Kaidong , Zhuang Shiwei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the development of the third generation of semiconductor devices, it is essential to achieve precise etching of gallium nitride (GaN) materials that is close to the atomic level. Compared with the traditional wet etching and continuous plasma etching, plasma atomic layer etching (ALE) of GaN has the advantages of self-limiting etching, high selectivity to other materials, and smooth etched surface. In this paper the basic properties and applications of GaN are presented. It also presents the various etching methods of GaN. GaN plasma ALE systems are reviewed, and their similarities and differences are compared. In addition, the industrial application of GaN plasma ALE is outlined.
EMG-driven shared human-robot compliant control for in-hand object manipulation in hand prostheses
Authors: Khadivar Farshad , Mendez Vincent , Correia Carolina , Batzianoulis Iason , Billard Aude , Micera Silvestro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. The limited functionality of hand prostheses remains one of the main reasons behind the lack of its wide adoption by amputees. Indeed, while commercial prostheses can perform a reasonable number of grasps, they are often inadequate for manipulating the object once in hand. This lack of dexterity drastically restricts the utility of prosthetic hands. We aim at investigating a novel shared control strategy that combines autonomous control of forces exerted by a robotic hand with electromyographic (EMG) decoding to perform robust in-hand object manipulation. Approach. We conduct a three-day long longitudinal study with eight healthy subjects controlling a 16-degrees-of-freedom robotic hand to insert objects in boxes of various orientations. EMG decoding from forearm muscles enables subjects to move, proportionally and simultaneously, the fingers of the robotic hand. The desired object rotation is inferred using two EMG electrodes placed on the shoulder that record the activity of muscles responsible for elevation and depression. During the object interaction phase, the autonomous controller stabilizes and rotates the object to achieve the desired pose. In this study, we compare an incremental and a proportional shoulder-decoding method in combination with two state machine interfaces offering different levels of assistance. Main results. Results indicate that robotic assistance reduces the number of failures by

41
%

and, when combined with an incremental shoulder EMG decoding, leads to faster task completion time (median = 16.9 s), compared to other control conditions. Training to use the assistive device is fast. After one session of practice, all subjects managed to achieve tasks with

50
%

less failures. Significance. Shared control approaches that give some authority to an autonomous controller on-board the prosthesis are an alternative to control schemes relying on EMG decoding alone. This may improve the dexterity and versatility of robotic prosthetic hands for people with trans-radial amputation. By delegating control of forces to the prosthesis’ on-board control, one speeds up reaction time and improves the precision of force control. Such a shared control mechanism may enable amputees to perform fine insertion tasks solely using their prosthetic hands. This may restore some of the functionality of the disabled arm.