bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early identification of bleeding in trauma patients: external validation of traumatic bleeding scores in the Swiss Trauma Registry
Authors: Costa Alan , Carron Pierre-Nicolas , Zingg Tobias , Roberts Ian , Ageron François Xavier , Registry Swiss Trauma 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Early identification of bleeding at the scene of an injury is important for triage and timely treatment of injured patients and transport to an appropriate facility. The aim of the study is to compare the performance of different bleeding scores.Methods: We examined data from the Swiss Trauma Registry for the years 2015 to 2019. The Swiss Trauma Registry includes patients with major trauma (injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16 and/or abbreviated injury scale (AIS) head ≥ 3) admitted to any level one trauma center in Switzerland. We evaluated ABC, TASH, and Shock index (SI), used to predict massive transfusion (MT) and the BATT score, used to predict death from bleeding. We evaluated the scores when used prehospital and in-hospital in terms of discrimination (C-Statistic) and calibration (calibration slope). The outcomes were massive transfusion and death from bleeding.Results: We examined data from 13,222 major trauma patients. There were 1,533 (12%) deaths from any cause, 344 (3%) deaths from bleeding and 128 (1%) patients who received a MT. The BATT score had the highest discrimination for MT (C-statistic: 0.87, 95%CI 0.84-0.90) followed by SI (0.84, 95%CI 0.80-0.88) and ABC (0.82, 95%CI 0.77-0.86). At hospital admission, the BATT score had the highest discrimination for death from bleeding (0.89, 95%CI 0.87-0.90) but the TASH score had the highest discrimination for MT (C-statistic: 0.94, 95%CI 0.92-0.95). Conclusions: The BATT score can be used to estimate the risk of death from bleeding for prehospital treatment decision-making. Others scores predicting MT are not suitable to identify life-threatening bleeding.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04561050. Registered 15 September 2020.
Light-driven sp3-sp3 cross-coupling of carboxylic acids and alkyl halides over a Ni single-atom catalyst
Authors: Vile Gianvito , Bajada Mark , Liberto Giovanni di , Tosoni Sergio , Ruta Vincenzo , Sivo Alessandra , Pacchioni Gianfranco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The coupling of two sp3 hybridized fragments remains a challenging protocol for organic synthesis. Although visible light-driven dual photoredox catalysis, a method that combines photoabsorbers and transition metals, has become a powerful tool to conduct such transformations, resource economical and scalability issues persist, due to the use of catalysts and light absorbers which exploit critical raw materials (e.g., iridium complexes) and are homogeneous in nature. Here we report the first synergistic merger of metallic single-atom and photoredox catalysis, in the form of a Ni atom-supported carbon nitride material, for decarboxylative sp3-sp3 cross-coupling between carboxylic acids and alkyl halides. This operationally straightforward system, comprised of only earth-abundant components, exhibits a wide functional group tolerance. Additionally, the reaction time is 83% shorter than the reported homogeneous procedure, making the method highly attractive for industrial application.
Placental Pathology Associated with Lenticulostriate Vasculopathy (LSV) in Preterm Infants
Authors: Sisman Julide , Leon Rachel , Payton Brooke , Brown Larry , Mir Imran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to examine the frequency and the type of placental abnormalities in neonates with LSV.
STUDY DESIGN:
We prospectively reviewed cranial ultrasounds (cUS) from neonates born at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation at Parkland Hospital between 2012 and 2014. Our cohort included neonates with LSV and gestational-age and sex matched controls with normal cUS. We retrieved placental pathology reports retrospectively and compared placental abnormalities in both groups.
RESULTS
We reviewed 1,351 cUS from a total of 407 neonates. Placental pathology evaluations were complete for 64/65 (98%) neonates with LSV and 68/70 (97%) matched controls. There were no significant differences for any type of placental abnormities between LSV and control groups. However, infants with highest stage LSV were more likely to have large for gestational age (LGA) placentas (P = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The association between LSV and LGA placenta may indicate a shared vascular response to an adverse prenatal environment.
Finite element study on quantitative correlation between the displacement of osteotomy end and metatarsalgia during forefoot loading pattern in percutaneous minimal invasion surgery of hallux valgus
Authors: Cao Xuhan , Bai Zixing , Sun Chengyi , Wen Jianmin , Yang Yanjun , Sun Weidong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the quantitative correlation between the osteotomy end displacement and the occurrence of transfer metatarsalgia in percutaneous minimal invasion surgery of bunion during forefoot loading pattern.
Methods
The preoperative and postoperative finite element models of the foot were established during the forefoot loading pattern period of percutaneous minimal invasion surgery of hallux valgus, followed by simulation of the displacement of the osteotomy end of hallux valgus during percutaneous minimal invasion surgery. Thus, maximum pressure was obtained under the first and second metatarsal before and after the operation, and analyze the quantitative correlation between the displacement direction and displacement of the distal end of osteotomy and the occurrence of transfer metatarsalgia.
Results
The forefoot loading pattern of the gait cycle assessed in the finite element model before and after percutaneous minimal invasion surgery of hallux valgus showed that when the horizontal displacement is 4 mm, the correlation between the pressure x at the distal end of osteotomy (under the first metatarsal) and the corresponding pressure y under the second metatarsal is negative, the R value is -0.894, and the quantitative correlation is y=-0.6504x + 0.5232 with the increase of vertical displacement. When the vertical displacement is 4 mm, the stress under the first metatarsal increases with the increase in horizontal displacement. Conversely, the pressure under the second metatarsal decreases. Both have a high correlation with horizontal displacement, with R values of 0.981 and − 0.890. Also, in this interval, the pressure x at the distal end of osteotomy (under the first metatarsal) has the highest correlation with the corresponding pressure y under the second metatarsal head, the R value is -0.830, and the quantitative correlation equation is y=-0.4528x + 0.4159.
Conclusion
When the distal end of the first metatarsal osteotomy is shifted outwards by 4 mm and the metatarsal side is shifted by 4 mm through bone setting manipulation during operation, percutaneous minimal invasion surgery of hallux valgus can reduce or cure hallux valgus and complicated metatarsal pain during forefoot loading pattern and avoid the occurrence of transfer metatarsalgia after hallux valgus operation in traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
Rogue waves on the double-periodic background for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order effects
Authors: Zhang Hai-Qiang , Liu Rui , Chen Fa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the dynamics of rogue waves on the doubleperiodic background for a nonlinear Schrodinger equation with higher-order effects. First, we consider two types of double-periodic solutions in terms of the Jacobi elliptic functions. When the elliptic modulus approaches 1, such both double-periodic wave solutions can reduce to the Akhmediev breather solution. Second, with both double-periodic waves as seed solutions, we derive rogue wave solutions from the Darboux transformation method. Further, we demonstrate localized structures of rogue waves formed on double-periodic waves for two sets of different eigenvalues. In addition, we discuss how the higher-order effect affects double-periodic background waves and rogue waves. We expect that our obtained results may help understand rogue waves manifestations on the double-periodic background occurring in hydrodynamics and nonlinear optics with higher-order effects.PACS numbers: 05.45.Yv, 02.30.Ik
Hazards and Compatibility of Dental Materials
Authors: Sheth Amruta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Dental materials including noble and base metal alloys have evolved with time to evaluate biocompatibility. Materials and techniques employed in dentistry have been developed, revised, and improved with time to reduce toxic effects on biological functions. This study investigated the performance of 18 dental materials present on the market following explicit instructions of the manufacturer with a slight variance in the technique and time intervals to obtain an effective response. These findings were confirmed on human tissues, but in a modified form, to demonstrate traits in different age groups in vivo conditions. The study indicates that many such materials could have deleterious effects on human health and environment.
Towards circular plastics within planetary boundaries
Authors: Bardow André , Bachmann Marvin , Zibunas Christian , Hartmann Jan , Tulus Victor , Suh Sangwon , Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The rapid growth of plastics production exacerbated the triple planetary crisis of habitat loss, waste pollution, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Circular strategies have been proposed for plastics to achieve net-zero GHG emissions. However, the implications of such circular strategies on absolute sustainability at planetary scale have not been examined. This study links a bottom-up model for the life cycle of 90% of global plastics to the planetary boundary framework. Here, we show that a climate-optimal plastics industry combining current recycling technologies with biomass and CO2 transgresses sustainability thresholds by up to four times. However, improving chemical recycling would open a safe operating space for sustainable plastics in 2030, provided that recycling rates reach at least 75%. The analysis also shows that sustainable plastics require not only novel technologies but also a fundamental change in our perception of plastics as cheap and disposable products.
First report on the toxicity of copper and zinc on the Afrotropical whirligig beetle, Orectogyrus alluaudi (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae): Effect on survival and oxidative stress
Authors: Amusan Babatunde O. , Balogun Ibukunoluwa , Koleosho Ayorinde F. , FAJANA HAMZAT Oluseun , Owojori Olugbenga J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Freshwater whirligig beetles are important macroinvertebrates that help maintain freshwater quality by removing dead insects from the surfaces of lakes, ponds, or streams. In this study, we investigated the response of the whirligig beetle, Orectogyrus alluaudi to copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) by assessing their survival and biochemical responses after 7 days of the whirligig beetle exposure to the metals. Copper significantly reduced the survival of the beetles with LC50 (median lethal concentration) of 223–100 mg L− 1 at 24 to 168 hours of exposure. However, the LC50 of Zn was only significant at 72 h (482 mg L− 1) to 168 h (150 mg L− 1). Copper, at the lowest exposure concentration of 15 mg L− 1, induced oxidative stress on the beetles by significantly increasing the level of malondialdehyde [MDA], a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. There was also significant glutathione [GSH] reduction at the low Cu concentration. However, Zn had no significant effect on the oxidative stress response of the beetles. This study showed that O. alluaudi is less sensitive to copper and zinc via dermal exposure routes than other aquatic invertebrates. Therefore, an alternative way of exposure via the ingestion of contaminated food might be an important exposure pathway to assess the toxicity of metals on the beetles.
Golden ratio in venation patterns of dragonfly wings
Authors: Lu Keene , Shen Samson , Miller Lisa , Huang Xiaojing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The vein pattern in insect wings allows this lightweight structure to carry multiple biological functions. An investigation of the angular distribution of the vein struts in dragonfly wings revealed that the golden angle or golden ratio dominates the venation patterns in two closely related ways. First, the golden angle dominates the intervein angles in regions where thin veins and membranes demand strength reinforcement. Second, a golden ratio partition method has been developed to explain a set of preferred intervein angles in distorted polygon-shaped venation cells throughout the venation pattern in dragonfly wings. These observations provide new evidence that the wing structure is spatially optimized, by the golden rule in nature, for supporting biomechanical functions of dragonfly wings.
Comparison of Injection and Home Physical Exercise with Physical Therapy in Elderly Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Degenerative Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Shasha , Fan Shuai , Li Guiping , Cai Bin , Yao Yuan , Jin Lei , Zhang Yuxin , Zhang Xinjun , Xu Lili 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
There are few reports on the treatment of elderly patients with temporomandibular joint degenerative disease (DJD) and on the effects of physical exercise in DJD. Herein, we aimed to study and compare the efficacy of injection and home physical exercise with physical therapy alone and to explore an optimal treatment strategy for elderly patients with DJD.
Methods
We included 213 elderly patients with DJD treated at our medical center from June 2020 to June 2021, 64 of whom were selected for analysis. Of these 64 patients, 32 received injection combined with home physical exercise, and the other 32 received physical therapy alone. Propensity score matching was used to ensure that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to both categorical and continuous variables. Measurements included pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, joint crepitus, jaw functional limitation scale (JFLS) scores, treatment times, and treatment durations. Improvement in each measurement was compared between the two groups at 2, 4, and 12 weeks after the start of treatment, as were the final treatment times and treatment durations.
Results
Pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, and JFLS scores in the two groups were improved at 2, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment (all p < 0.05). The crepitus ratio was significantly improved only in the combined treatment group at 12 weeks. Compared with the physical therapy group, improvement in mouth opening pain was improved at 2, 4, and 12 weeks in the combined treatment group; the improvement in maximal mouth opening in the physical therapy group was better than that in the injection group at 2 weeks after treatment. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of improvement in joint crepitus and JFLS scores at each observation point. The number of visits in the combined therapy group was statistically significantly lower than that in the physical therapy group, but the treatment duration was longer.
Conclusion
The combined therapy showed a stronger effect on elderly patients with DJD than physical therapy alone, specifically with regard to mouth opening pain control and the number of visits.
A New Early Warning Criterion for Assessing Landslide Risk
Authors: Du Yan , Ning Lize , Chicas Santos D , Xie Mowen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A large number of engineering examples show that the displacement speed ratio(DSR) warning criterion derived from displacement as a single base information can predict the occurrence of landslides, but cannot identify the future development direction of landslides, which leads to false alarms in the warning system. In order to solve this problem, a trend speed ratio(TSR) is proposed, taking five landslides as examples, and the research results show that when the TSR is greater than 2.0, the landslide is destroyed; when the TSR shows a decreasing trend, the landslide tends to be stabilized; and for the undamaged stepped landslide, the TSR is always less than 2.0 at the stepped acceleration inflection point of the landslide. Compared with the traditional method, the new method can identify the development direction of the landslide, and can perform a risk assessment of the stepped landslide, which provides new technical support for engineers engaged in landslide warning and prevention.
Wu’s seven steps for endoscopic central and lateral neck dissection via breast combined with oral approach for papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Luo Yezhe , Wu Guoyang , Lin Suqiong , Fu Yilong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: We had previously reported endoscopic central and lateral neck dissection via breast combined with an oral approach for papillary thyroid cancer treatment. In this study, we optimized the procedure with Wu’s seven steps to make the procedure quicker and easier.Methods: Wu’s seven steps for endoscopic central and lateral neck dissection via breast combined with oral approach for papillary thyroid cancer are: (1) establish the working space; (2) isolate the sternocleidomastoid and internal jugular vein; (3) dissect the thyroid via breast approach; (4) dissect the central lymph nodes via oral approach; (5) dissect the inferior board of level IV via oral approach; (6) remove the tissues of levels IV, III, and II via breast approach; and (7) wash the working space and place drainage tubes. Twelve patients were assigned to the Wu’s seven steps group, and 13 patients were assigned to the contrast group. The operative procedure of the contrast group was the same as Wu’s seven steps except for a few key differences, such as that the central lymph nodes were dissected via breast approach first and the internal jugular vein（IJV）was dissected from the cricoid cartilage down to the venous angle.Results: The Wu’s seven steps group had a short operation time and few injuries of the internal jugular vein. There were no statistical differences in other clinicopathological features or surgical complications.Conclusion: It appears that Wu’s seven steps for endoscopic central and lateral neck dissection via breast combined with oral approach for papillary thyroid cancer are effective and safe.
Characterization of collapsible Gypsum Sand Soil with Presence of Matric Suction Using a Modified Odometer Apparatus
Authors: Almahmodi Rusul , Abdalhusein Mustafa M. , Ali Akhtarpour , Mahmood Mohammed Sh. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study looks into the influence of matric suction on the volume change of gypsum sand soil in unsaturated conditions. The specimens were collected from Al-Najaf, Iraq, and included 14-percent and 29-percent gypsum. Three series of initial stress of laboratory tests were utilized in a modified Oedometer device. For each gypsum content, twelve remolded specimens were examined in unsaturated circumstances with the initial stress and applied stress using four matric suctions (30 kPa, 18 kPa, 9 kPa and saturated state). Three tests were performed for each matric suction with initial stresses, no initial load, 56 kPa and 112 kPa, respectively. The findings of unsaturated tests along the wetting path in terms of final volumetric strain show a clear pattern of increasing in vertical strain as gypsum content rises and matric suction reduces under a variety of situations. The wetting process softens the gypsum components, resulting in an increase in vertical strains.
A survey of public debt effects in theory-based models
Authors: BENTOUR EL MOSTAFA , GUILLAUMIN CYRIAC 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the assessment of government debt effects in the theoretical models. We made an inventory of the most important contributions, modelling the effect of public debt on the behaviour of economic agents. We particularly discussed the public debt effects in (1) the infinitely lived agents (ILA) and the overlapping generations (OLG) models, (2) the endogenous growth models (3) the new political economy of fiscal policy, and, (4) the new Keynesian models. Finally, we conclude with two critiques of Mankiw (2000) for the ILA and OLG models and Chari et al. (2009) for the new Keynesian models.JEL Classification: B22, B23, C51, H54, H63.
Polypropylene microplastic exposure leads to lung inflammation through p38-mediated NF- κB pathway due to mitochondrial damage
Authors: Woo Jong-Hwan , Seo Hyeon Jin , Lee Jun-Young , Lee Iljung , Jeon Kisoo , Kim Bumseok , Lee Kyuhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Polypropylene (PP) is used in various products such as disposable containers, spoons, and automobile parts. The disposable masks used for COVID-19 prevention mainly comprise PP, and the disposal of such masks is concerning because of the potential environmental pollution. Recent reports have suggested that weathered PP microparticles can be inhaled, however, the inhalation toxicology of PP microparticles is poorly understood. Results: Inflammatory cell numbers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in PP-instilled mice increased in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control. Histopathological analysis of the lung tissue of PP-stimulated mice revealed lung injuries, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the perivascular/parenchymal space, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, and foamy macrophage aggregates. The in vitro study indicated that PP stimulation causes mitochondrial dysfunction including mitochondrial depolarization and decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. PP stimulation led to cytotoxicity, ROS production, increase of inflammatory cytokines, and cell deaths in A549 cells. The results showed that PP stimulation increased the p-p38 and p-NF-κB protein levels both in vivo and in vitro, while p-ERK and p-JNK remained unchanged. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity that was induced by PP exposure was regulated by p38 and ROS inhibition in A549 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that PP stimulation may contribute to inflammation pathogenesis via the p38 phosphorylation-mediated NF-κB pathway as a result of mitochondrial damage.
Tracking Blobs in the Turbulent Edge Plasma of a Tokamak Fusion Device
Authors: Han Woonghee , Pietersen Randall A. , Villamor-Lora Rafael , Beveridge Matthew , Offeddu Nicola , Golfinopoulos Theodore , Theiler Christian , Terry James L. , Marmar Earl S. , Drori Iddo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The analysis of turbulence in plasmas is fundamental in fusion research. Despite extensive progress in theoretical modeling in the past 15 years, we still lack a complete and consistent understanding of turbulence in magnetic confinement devices, such as tokamaks. Experimental studies are challenging due to the diverse processes that drive the high-speed dynamics of turbulent phenomena. This work presents a novel application of motion tracking to identify and track turbulent filaments in fusion plasmas, called blobs, in a high-frequency video obtained from Gas Puff Imaging diagnostics. We compare four baseline methods (RAFT, GMA, Flow Walk, and Mask R-CNN) trained on synthetic data and then test on synthetic and real-world data obtained from plasmas in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV). The blob regime identified from an analysis of blob trajectories agrees with state-of-the-art conditional averaging methods for each of the baseline methods employed, giving confidence in the accuracy of these techniques. High entry barriers traditionally limit tokamak plasma research to a small community of researchers in the field. By making a dataset and benchmark publicly available, we hope to open the field to a broad community in science and engineering.