bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio-impedance method to monitor colon motility response to direct distal colon stimulation in anesthetized pigs
Authors: Wang Yushan , Wang Po-Min , Larauche Muriel , Mulugeta Million , Liu Wentai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrical stimulation has been demonstrated as an alternative approach to alleviate intractable colonic motor disorders, whose effectiveness can be evaluated through colonic motility assessment. Various methods have been proposed to monitor the colonic motility and while each has contributed towards better understanding of colon motility, a significant limitation has been the spatial and temporal low-resolution colon motility data acquisition and analysis. This paper presents the study of employing bio-impedance characterization to monitor colonic motor activity. Direct distal colon stimulation was undertaken in anesthetized pigs to validate the bio-impedance scheme simultaneous with luminal manometry monitoring. The results indicated that the significant decreases of bio-impedance corresponded to strong colonic contraction in response to the electrical stimulation in the distal colon. The magnitude/power of the dominant frequencies of phasic colonic contractions identified at baseline (in the range 2–3 cycles per minute (cpm)) were increased after the stimulation. In addition, positive correlations have been found between bio-impedance and manometry. The proposed bio-impedance-based method can be a viable candidate for monitoring colonic motor pattern with high spatial and temporal resolution. The presented technique can be integrated into a closed-loop therapeutic device in order to optimize its stimulation protocol in real-time.
Refractive index sensor with magnified resonant signal
Authors: Zaky Zaky A. , Alamri Sagr , Zhaketov V. D. , Aly Arafa H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, we theoretically suggest one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of polymer doped with quantum dots and porous silicon. The present simulated design is proposed as a refractive index biosensor structure based on parity-time symmetry. Under the parity-time conditions, the transmittance of the resonant peaks is magnified to be 57,843% for refractive index 1.350, 2725% for 1.390, 2117% for 1.392, 1502% for 1.395, 1011% for 1.399, and 847% for 1.401. By magnification, we can distinguish between different refractive indices. The present design can record an efficiency twice the published designs as clear in the comparison table. Results clear that the sensitivities are 635 nm/RIU and 1,000,000%/RIU. So, it can be used for a broader range of detection purposes.
Empirical support for sequential imprinting during downstream migration in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts
Authors: Haraldstad Tormod , Forseth Torbjørn , Olsen Esben M. , Haugen Thrond O. , Höglund Erik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe precise homing of Atlantic salmon to their natal river and spawning grounds is the foundation for locally adapted genetically differentiated populations across rivers or across river sections. A sequential imprinting hypothesis states that salmon smolts may imprint on environmental clues along the outward migration route and then use this in reverse order to direct the spawning migration later in life. In this study, we provide empirical support for this hypothesis. PIT-tagged wild Atlantic salmon using a 2 km hydropower tunnel as downstream migrating smolts had a 18% (1SW) and 23% (2SW) lower probability of successfully migrating through the parallel river stretch as adult spawners compared to spawners that migrated through the same river stretch as smolts. These findings highlight how a fine-scale riverine migration route may be imprinted in wild Atlantic salmon smolts. From an applied perspective, these results stress the importance of not depriving smolts from parts of their migration route to ensure successful return of adults to their natal spawning grounds.
Deep learning for quality assessment of optical coherence tomography angiography images
Authors: Dhodapkar Rahul M. , Li Emily , Nwanyanwu Kristen , Adelman Ron , Krishnaswamy Smita , Wang Jay C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an emerging non-invasive technique for imaging the retinal vasculature. While there are many promising clinical applications for OCTA, determination of image quality remains a challenge. We developed a deep learning-based system using a ResNet152 neural network classifier, pretrained using ImageNet, to classify images of the superficial capillary plexus in 347 scans from 134 patients. Images were also manually graded by two independent graders as a ground truth for the supervised learning models. Because requirements for image quality may vary depending on the clinical or research setting, two models were trained—one to identify high-quality images and one to identify low-quality images. Our neural network models demonstrated outstanding area under the curve (AUC) metrics for both low quality image identification (AUC = 0.99, 95%CI 0.98–1.00, $$\kappa $$
κ
= 0.90) and high quality image identification (AUC = 0.97, 95%CI 0.96–0.99, $$\kappa $$
κ
= 0.81), significantly outperforming machine-reported signal strength (AUC = 0.82, 95%CI 0.77–0.86, $$\kappa $$
κ
= 0.52 and AUC = 0.78, 95%CI 0.73–0.83, $$\kappa $$
κ
= 0.27 respectively). Our study demonstrates that techniques from machine learning may be used to develop flexible and robust methods for quality control of OCTA images.
Selective binding and transport of protocadherin 15 isoforms by stereocilia unconventional myosins in a heterologous expression system
Authors: Ballesteros Angela , Yadav Manoj , Cui Runjia , Kurima Kiyoto , Kachar Bechara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring hair cell development, the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) apparatus is assembled at the stereocilia tips, where it coexists with the stereocilia actin regulatory machinery. While the myosin-based tipward transport of actin regulatory proteins is well studied, isoform complexity and built-in redundancies in the MET apparatus have limited our understanding of how MET components are transported. We used a heterologous expression system to elucidate the myosin selective transport of isoforms of protocadherin 15 (PCDH15), the protein that mechanically gates the MET apparatus. We show that MYO7A selectively transports the CD3 isoform while MYO3A and MYO3B transports the CD2 isoform. Furthermore, MYO15A showed an insignificant role in the transport of PCDH15, and none of the myosins tested transport PCDH15-CD1. Our data suggest an important role for MYO3A, MYO3B, and MYO7A in the MET apparatus formation and highlight the intricate nature of MET and actin regulation during development and functional maturation of the stereocilia bundle.
Research on chemical resistance characteristics of water-immersed coal with different metamorphic degrees
Authors: Zhang Xun , Zhao Mengfan , Yang Jing , Lu Bing , Wang Gang , Dai Fengwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn order to reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal left after long-term flooding in the goaf of the mine, in this paper, the inhibitory properties of different inhibitors on two kinds of water-immersed coals with different metamorphic degrees were studied in depth. The experiment selected Pingzhuang brown coal and Shaqu coking coal as research objects. The raw coal and water-immersed coal samples were compared and analyzed by thermogravimetric experiment method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiment method. The study showed that the activation temperature of brown coal and coking coal decreased by 7.91 and 2.25 °C respectively, and the activation energy decreased by 43.18 kJ/mol and 20.58 kJ/mol respectively. The natural tendency of coal was enhanced after water immersion, and water immersion had a greater impact on low-metamorphic brown coal. After adding four kinds of inhibitors, MgCl2, TEMPO, TPPI and PA to the two water-immersed coals, it was found that TPPI could significantly reduce the heat release rate of water-immersed brown coal, and the reduction value was 10.49 W/mg. The dry cracking temperature of water-immersed brown coal increased by 11.75 °C, and PA greatly increased the combustion activation energy of water-immersed coking coal by 25.77 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, it was found from the microscopic active groups that TTPI increased the content of water-immersed brown coal ether bonds by 4.84%. The absorption peak intensity of oxygen-containing functional groups such as C=O was significantly weakened. Similarly, PA also produced a large number of stable ethers in water-immersed coking coal, whose content increased by 5.21%, and the hydroxyl content decreased most significantly. The decomposition of TPPI into phosphoric acid after heating can inhibit the growth of active groups such as a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups in the water-immersed brown coal, thereby reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion. As a metal chelator, PA can reduce the catalytic effect of metal ions in water-immersed coking coal with fewer active groups, and inhibit coal spontaneous combustion by generating stable metal complexes to increase activation energy. This indicated that TTPI had the best inhibitory effect on water-immersed brown coal, while PA was more suitable for water-immersed coking coal.
In vivo transomic analyses of glucose-responsive metabolism in skeletal muscle reveal core differences between the healthy and obese states
Authors: Kokaji Toshiya , Eto Miki , Hatano Atsushi , Yugi Katsuyuki , Morita Keigo , Ohno Satoshi , Fujii Masashi , Hironaka Ken-ichi , Ito Yuki , Egami Riku , Uematsu Saori , Terakawa Akira , Pan Yifei , Maehara Hideki , Li Dongzi , Bai Yunfan , Tsuchiya Takaho , Ozaki Haruka , Inoue Hiroshi , Kubota Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yutaka , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Kuroda Shinya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetabolic regulation in skeletal muscle is essential for blood glucose homeostasis. Obesity causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, leading to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we performed multiomic analysis of the skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) and leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice, and constructed regulatory transomic networks for metabolism after oral glucose administration. Our network revealed that metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites had a major effect on WT mice, especially carbohydrate metabolic pathways. By contrast, inob/obmice, much of the metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites was lost and metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive genes was largely increased, especially in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. We present some characteristic metabolic regulatory pathways found in central carbon, branched amino acids, and ketone body metabolism. Our transomic analysis will provide insights into how skeletal muscle responds to changes in blood glucose and how it fails to respond in obesity.
Deep learning-based diagnosis from endobronchial ultrasonography images of pulmonary lesions
Authors: Hotta Takamasa , Kurimoto Noriaki , Shiratsuki Yohei , Amano Yoshihiro , Hamaguchi Megumi , Tanino Akari , Tsubata Yukari , Isobe Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEndobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) improves the accuracy of bronchoscopy. The possibility of differentiating benign from malignant lesions based on EBUS findings may be useful in making the correct diagnosis. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model investigated whether benign or malignant (lung cancer) lesions could be predicted based on EBUS findings. This was an observational, single-center cohort study. Using medical records, patients were divided into benign and malignant groups. We acquired EBUS data for 213 participants. A total of 2,421,360 images were extracted from the learning dataset. We trained and externally validated a CNN algorithm to predict benign or malignant lung lesions. Test was performed using 26,674 images. The dataset was interpreted by four bronchoscopists. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the CNN model for distinguishing benign and malignant lesions were 83.4%, 95.3%, 53.6%, 83.8%, and 82.0%, respectively. For the four bronchoscopists, the accuracy rate was 68.4%, sensitivity was 80%, specificity was 39.6%, PPV was 76.8%, and NPV was 44.2%. The developed EBUS-computer-aided diagnosis system is expected to read EBUS findings that are difficult for clinicians to judge with precision and help differentiate between benign lesions and lung cancers.
Stage-independent biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease from the living retina: an animal study
Authors: Ferreira Hugo , Serranho Pedro , Guimarães Pedro , Trindade Rita , Martins João , Moreira Paula I. , Ambrósio António Francisco , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Bernardes Rui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders is still an open issue despite the many efforts to address this problem. In particular, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains undiagnosed for over a decade before the first symptoms. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is now common and widely available and has been used to image the retina of AD patients and healthy controls to search for biomarkers of neurodegeneration. However, early diagnosis tools would need to rely on images of patients in early AD stages, which are not available due to late diagnosis. To shed light on how to overcome this obstacle, we resort to 57 wild-type mice and 57 triple-transgenic mouse model of AD to train a network with mice aged 3, 4, and 8 months and classify mice at the ages of 1, 2, and 12 months. To this end, we computed fundus images from OCT data and trained a convolution neural network (CNN) to classify those into the wild-type or transgenic group. CNN performance accuracy ranged from 80 to 88% for mice out of the training group’s age, raising the possibility of diagnosing AD before the first symptoms through the non-invasive imaging of the retina.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates adriamycin-induced renal damage by epigenetically suppressing the NMN/NAD consumers mediated by Twist2
Authors: Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Sakamaki Yusuke , Tamaki Masanori , Wakino Shu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, Sirt1, after the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) suppresses many diseases. However, the role of NMN and Sirt1 in focal glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to assess the protective effect of NMN treatment in mice with adriamycin (ADR)-induced FSGS.　Transient short-term NMN treatment was administered to 8-week-old ADR- or saline-treated BALB/c mice (Cont group) for 14 consecutive days. NMN alleviated the increase in urinary albumin excretion in the ADR-treated mice. NMN treatment mitigated glomerulosclerosis and ameliorated the reduced Sirt1 expression and elevated Claudin-1 expression in the kidneys of the mice. Moreover, this treatment improved the decrease in histone methylation and the expression level of Dnmt1 and increased the concentration of NAD+ in the kidney. Dnmt1 epigenetically suppressed the expression of the NMN-consuming enzyme nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase1 (Nmnat1) by methylating the E-box in the promoter region and repressing the NAD-consuming enzyme PARP1. Additionally, NMN downregulated the expression of Nmnat1 in the ADR-treated mice. Short-term NMN treatment in FSGS has epigenetic renal protective effects through the upregulation of Sirt1 and suppression of the NAD and NMN consumers. The present study presents a novel treatment paradigm for FSGS.
A semantic‐based method for analysing unknown malicious behaviours via hyper‐spherical variational auto‐encoders
Authors: Wang Yi‐feng , Guo Yuan‐bo , Fang Chen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the User and Entity Behaviour Analytics (UEBA), unknown malicious behaviours are often difficult to be automatically detected due to the lack of labelled data. Most of the existing methods also fail to take full advantage of the threat intelligence and incorporate the impact of the behaviour patterns of the benign users. To address this issue, this paper proposes a Generalised Zero‐Shot Learning (GZSL) method based on hyper‐spherical Variational Auto‐Encoders (VAEs). Compared to the VAEs, the authors’ proposed method is more robust and suitable for capturing data with richer and more nuanced structures. The authors’ method analyses the unknown malicious behaviours by projecting them and their semantic attributes to shared space. These are then matched by the cosine similarity. The authors further use a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to reduce the impact of different user behaviour patterns before projection. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is efficient in the analysis of unknown malicious behaviours.
Environmental effects on the dynamical evolution of star clusters in turbulent molecular clouds
Authors: Suin Paolo , Shore Steven N. , Pavlík Václav 
Published: August 2022

Context. Star clusters form within giant molecular clouds that are strongly altered by the feedback action of the massive stars, but the cluster still remains embedded in a dense, highly turbulent medium and interactions with ambient structures may modify its dynamical evolution from that expected if it were isolated.
Aims. We aim to study coupling mechanisms between the dynamical evolution of the cluster, accelerated by the mass segregation process, with harassment effects caused by the gaseous environment.
Methods. We simulated the cluster dynamical evolution combining N-body and hydrodynamic codes within the Astronomical Multipurpose Software Environment (AMUSE).
Results. Tidal harassment produces a sparser configuration more rapidly than the isolated reference simulations. The evolution of the asymptotic power-law density distribution exponent also shows substantially different behaviour in the two cases. The background is more effective on clusters in advanced stages of dynamical development.
MADYS: the Manifold Age Determination for Young Stars
Authors: Squicciarini V. , Bonavita M. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The unrivalled astrometric and photometric capabilities of the Gaia mission have given new impetus to the study of young stars: both from an environmental perspective, as members of comoving star-forming regions, and from an individual perspective, as targets amenable to planet-hunting direct-imaging observations.
Aims. In view of the large availability of theoretical evolutionary models, both fields would benefit from a unified framework that allows a straightforward comparison of physical parameters obtained by different stellar and substellar models.
Methods. To this aim, we developed the Manifold Age Determination for Young Stars (madys), a flexible Python tool for the age and mass determination of young stellar and substellar objects. In this first release, madys automatically retrieves and crossmatches photometry from several catalogs, estimates interstellar extinction, and derives age and mass estimates for individual objects through isochronal fitting.
Results. Harmonizing the heterogeneity of publicly available isochrone grids, the tool allows one to choose amongst 17 models, many of which with customizable astrophysical parameters, for a total of ~110 isochrone grids. Several dedicated plotting functions are provided to allow for an intuitive visual perception of the numerical output.
Conclusions. After extensive testing, we have made the tool publicly available. Here, we demonstrate the capabilities of madys, summarizing previously published results as well providing several new examples.
Monte Carlo radiative transfer with explicit absorption to simulate absorption, scattering, and stimulated emission
Authors: Baes Maarten , Camps Peter , Matsumoto Kosei 
Published: August 2022

Context. The Monte Carlo method is probably the most widely used approach to solve the radiative transfer problem, especially in a general 3D geometry. The physical processes of emission, absorption, and scattering are easily incorporated in the Monte Carlo framework. Net stimulated emission, or absorption with a negative cross section, does not fit this method, however.Aims. We explore alterations to the standard photon packet life cycle in Monte Carlo radiative transfer that allow the treatment of net stimulated emission without loss of generality or efficiency.Methods. We present the explicit absorption technique that allows net stimulated emission to be handled efficiently. It uses the scattering rather than the extinction optical depth along a photon packet’s path to randomly select the next interaction location, and offers a separate, deterministic treatment of absorption. We implemented the technique in a special-purpose Monte Carlo code for a two-stream 1D radiative transfer problem and in the fully featured 3D code SKIRT, and we studied its overall performance using quantitative statistical tests.Results. Our special-purpose code is capable of recovering the analytical solutions to the two-stream problem in all regimes, including the one of strong net stimulated emission. The implementation in SKIRT is straightforward, as the explicit absorption technique easily combines with the variance reduction and acceleration techniques already incorporated. In general, explicit absorption tends to improve the efficiency of the Monte Carlo routine in the regime of net absorption.Conclusions. Explicit absorption allows the treatment of net stimulated emission in Monte Carlo radiative transfer, it interfaces smoothly with other variance reduction and acceleration techniques, and it tends to improve the efficiency of the simulations in the net absorption regime. We recommend to always include this new technique in Monte Carlo radiative transfer.
Der Atmungstherapeut in der Neurologie – Ein Blick auf das Berufsbild und ein Ausblick in die Zukunft
Authors: Hornemann Donatha , Marquardt Claudia , Sugg Joachim , Haack Christiane , Rameil Petra , Fülöpp Zsolt , Buss Judith , Weigel Anette , Schmidt-Wilcke Tobias , Summ Oliver , Groß Martin 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Qualifikation des Atmungstherapeuten wird von Pflegekräften und Therapeuten durch eine ca. 1,5jährige qualifizierende Weiterbildung erworben. Die Leistungen der Atmungstherapeuten in Bezug auf neurologische Erkrankungen umfassen die Diagnostik und die Therapie von Störungen der Atmung, des Hustens und des Schluckens sowie das Sekretmanagement. Der Bedarf an Atmungstherapeuten in der Neurologie steigt stetig, und sie werden insbesondere in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation eingesetzt. Die 2021 eingeführte Zertifizierung von „Zentren für Beatmungsentwöhnung in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation“ durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation umfasst den Einsatz von Atmungstherapeuten als Zertifizierungskriterium. Atmungstherapeuten arbeiten in neurologischen Organisationseinheiten der Versorgung von Schwer- und Schwerstkranken an einer wichtigen interdisziplinären Schnittstelle zwischen ärztlichem, pflegerischem und therapeutischem Team. Sie können die Schulung von Teams, Patienten, Angehörigen und persönlichen Assistenten übernehmen und die Etablierung von Versorgungsstrukturen für neurologisch schwer- und schwerstkranke Patienten unterstützen. Die Tätigkeit in neurologischen Einrichtungen erfordert angesichts der Komplexität der dort behandelten Krankheitsbilder allerdings eine spezifische Qualifizierung der dort tätigen Atmungstherapeuten. Die Professionalisierung des Berufsbilds kann durch den Abgleich der Curricula zwischen den verschiedenen Bildungsanbietern, die Einführung von Zusatzqualifikationen wie „Neurologie und Neurorehabilitation“, die Gründung einer eigenständigen Fachgesellschaft und die Akademisierung gefördert werden.