bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Electrical Resistivity and DRASTIC Models in the Study of Groundwater Contamination Risk in the Surroundings of the Hulene - B Waste Dump, Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Bernardo Bernardino , Candeias Carla , Rocha Fernando Tavares 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The contamination of groundwater by leachate migration around waste dumps is a growing challenge for maintaining the quality of water resources in urban centers. In this study the electrical resistivity method was applied, where six 400 m profiles were executed around the Hulene - B waste dump and then an inversion was performed by RES2D. The application of the electrical resistivity method allowed us to characterize in detail some of the fundamental aspects of the DRASTIC risk (estimating groundwater depth, characterizing the vadose zone and understand soil permeability) and to identify anomalous zones of possible fundamental contamination, which we grouped into two (i) anomalous lithological surfaces that we considered permeable and migrating leachate from the waste dump and (ii) anomalous zones in the subsoil and groundwater possibly contaminated. The computed DRASTIC index is very high for the area covered by profiles 2 and 6 (156 - 165) given the proximity of groundwater to the contaminating surface and the surrounding area consisting of very conductive materials. On profile 5 area the index is very low (96) due to the strong resistivity of the surface layers and the high depth at which groundwater was detected (> 40m). The area of profile 3 (further north of the dump) has also a low index (105) due to its distance from the contamination source (dump) and the strong resistivity of the lithological layers, indicating low permeability, in addition to the great depth (> 40m) at which groundwater were detected. Concerning profiles 1 and 4, despite presenting permeable materials at the surface (low resistivities), groundwater level was recognized at greater depth (> 40m), DRASTIC risk index was lower (115 - 125) than expected. The overall value of the DRASTIC index for the surrounding area of Hulene - B dump was estimated at 127, which represents a low overall vulnerability. However, the high vulnerability index values for the area covered by profiles 2 and 6, and given their relatively higher surficial altitude, suggest a strong groundwater contamination by horizontal dilution of leachates from the whole area surrounding of the Hulene - B waste dump.
Impact of Graphene and Hot-Rolling on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Matrix Nano-Composite
Authors: El-Bitar T. , Nouh F. , El-Kady Omayma A. , Yehia Hossam M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to the low density of aluminum, it has become the first choice of materials for designers. Aluminum is also characterized by high specific strength. It still suffers from inferior mechanical properties, such as its high ductility, limiting its use in industry in the pure state. In this research, trials to improve the mechanical properties of aluminum by maintaining its low density. It was the first choice among materials to improve aluminum's mechanical and physical properties. Because of the importance of graphene resulting from its low density and unique properties as a newly discovered material, researchers tried to study its effect in various fields. Using the method of powder metallurgy followed by the hot rolling as a secondary process, aluminum composites reinforced with 10% copper, 2.5% alumina, and different weight ratios of graphene up to 1.5% were manufactured. The components were mixed for 45 hours in the presence of 5% hexane as a PCA by mechanical alloy milling using 12 mm balls and a 10:1 ball to powder ratio. The appropriate pressure, temperature, and sintering time were determined for the manufacture by the powder metallurgy method. The results by powder metallurgy method showed a general improvement in the microstructure and physicomechanical properties up to 1% graphene. Still, the results deteriorated at 1.5% due to the presence of some accumulations of graphene. By conducting the hot rolling process, all results exceeded their counterparts by the powder metallurgy method and improved up to 1.5%. In general, the microstructure in both cases before and after the hot rolling was ideal.
Effect of nurse-led telephone follow-up on postoperative symptoms and analgesics consumption after benign hysterectomy: a randomized, single-blinded, four-arm, controlled multicenter trial.
Authors: Kassymova Gulnara , Sydsjö Gunilla , Wodlin Ninnie Borendal , Nilsson Lena , Kjølhede Preben 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to determine if planned telephone follow-up especially when adding structured, oriented coaching, reduces the intensity of postoperative symptoms and decreases analgesics consumption after benign hysterectomy.Methods: A randomized, single-blinded, four-armed, controlled multicenter trial of 525 women scheduled for hysterectomy in was conducted in five hospitals in the southeast health region of Sweden. The women were allocated 1:1:1:1 into four follow-up models: A) no telephone follow-up (control group); B) one planned, structured, telephone follow-up the day after discharge; C) as B but with additional telephone follow-up once weekly for six weeks; and D) as C but with oriented coaching telephone follow-up on all occasions. Postoperative symptoms were assessed by using the Swedish Postoperative Symptoms Questionnaire. Analgesic consumption was registered. Unplanned telephone contacts and visits were registered during the six weeks of follow-up. Results: In total, 487 women completed the study. Neither pain intensity, nor symptom sum score or analgesic consumption differed between the intervention groups. Altogether, 224 (46.0%) women had unplanned telephone contacts and 203 (41.7%) had unplanned visits. Independent of intervention, the women with unplanned telephone contacts had higher pain intensity and symptom sum scores, particularly if an unplanned telephone contact was followed by a visit, or an unplanned visit was preceded by an unplanned telephone contact.Conclusion: Telephone follow-up did not seem to affect recovery regarding symptoms or analgesic consumption after benign hysterectomy in an ERAS setting. Unplanned telephone contacts and visits were associated with more postoperative symptoms, especially pain. Trial registration: The study is registered in ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT01526668 retrospectively from January 27; 2012. Date of enrolment of first patient: October 11; 2011
Design and Simulation of a Plasmonic Refractive Index Nano-Sensor Based on Tunable Fano Resonance
Authors: Moeinimaleki Babak , Kaatuzian Hassan , Livani Abdolber Mallah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a nano-scaled surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) refractive index sensor based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide is proposed and evaluated numerically by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Polygonal cavities, that are coupled to a disk resonator cavity, are attached to this sensor's MIM bus waveguide. Fano resonance and its characteristics are utilized to improve the essential parameters of the sensor, such as full width at half maximum (FWHM), quality factor, and sensitivity. Figure of merit (FOM) of the sensor can be increased by tuning its geometrical parameters. In optimized conditions, which are concluded in this work, the sensor shows a FWHM of 1.15 nm, a quality factor of 604.1, a sensitivity of 687.9 nm/RIU and a FOM of 598.1 RIU−1 in the visible light region. A sensor with such a high resolution can be used in highly integrated photonic circuits and biosensors. The effects of incorporating metal patches inside the disk cavity are also discussed in this paper.
Left Ventricular Assist Device and Pump Thrombosis: The Importance of the Inflow Cannula Position
Authors: Kortekaas Kirsten , de Graaf Michiel A. , Palmen Meindert , Braun Jerry , Mertens Bart J.A. , Tops Laurens F. , Beeres Saskia L.M.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Pump thrombosis is a devastating complication after left ventricular assist device implantation. This study aims to elucidate the relation between left ventricular assist device implantation angle and risk of pump thrombosis.
Methods

Between November 2010 and March 2020, 53 left ventricular assist device-patients underwent a computed tomography scan. Using a 3-dimensional multiplanar reformation the left ventricular axis was reconstructed to measure the implantation angle of the inflow cannula. All patients were retrospectively analyzed for the occurrence of pump thrombosis.
Results

In 10 (91%) patients with a pump thrombosis, the implantation angle was towards the lateral wall of the left ventricle. In only 20 patients (49%) of the patients without a pump thrombosis the inflow cannula pointed towards the lateral wall of the left ventricle. The mean angle in patients with a pump thrombosis was 10.1 ± 11.9 degrees towards the lateral wall of the left ventricle compared to 4.1 ± 19.9 degrees towards the septum in non- pump thrombosis patients (P<0.005). There was a trend towards a significant difference in time to first pump thrombosis between patients with a lateral or septal deviated left ventricular assist device (hazard ratio of 0.15, P=0.07)).
Conclusion

This study demonstrates that left ventricular assist device implantation angle is associated with pump thrombosis. Almost all patients in whom a pump thrombosis occurred during follow-up had a left ventricular assist device implanted with the inflow-cannula pointing towards the lateral wall of the left ventricle.
Shock-Induced Vibration Suppression of Composite Truss Core Sandwich Plates via Distributed Nonlinear Energy Sinks
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Wei Xing , Luo Zhong , Chen Jianen , Cao Dongxing , Guo XiangYing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of limited installing space and strict additional quality, the effects of distributed nonlinear energy sinks (NES) on a composite truss core sandwich plate are investigated in this paper. Choose five NESs here and inset them in the different places of the sandwich plate to suppress the vibration of the plate, which is excited by a half-wave shock. The coupled dynamic equations of the system are derived by the principle of conservation of energy. Then, numerical simulation are applied to discuss the vibration control performance of the five NESs with different parameters. The distribution of the five NESs are analyzed and the optimal position distributions are obtained. Based on the optimal location, the transient responses of the system are studied. Moreover, five NESs are compared with a single one in different dimensions. Finally, it is found that the selection of parameters have a great impact on the effectiveness of the five NESs. The new distribution way is introduced to improve the suppression effects of the five NESs in the sandwich plates.
Analysis of potentially inappropriate medication based on drug-drug interactions in older adults with psychiatric disorders: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yu , Yang Man , Ding Yaping , Wang Huanqiang , Zhang Hailin , Wang Dandan , Zhuang Tianchi , Ji Minghui , Cui Yan , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

Polypharmacy increases the risk of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and drug-drug interactions (DDI). This study conducts a retrospective analysis to detect PIMs, DDIs and adverse drug reactions (ADR) among older adults with psychiatric disorders.
Methods

A retrospective analysis was carried out based on medical records of aged inpatient people with psychiatric disorders. Demographic details, hobbies, medical history, medication and laboratory examination were extracted. Three criteria and one online DDIs database were used to detect PIMs and DDIs. The minimally clinical important difference (MCID) was defined as the score change of the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) between admission and discharged. Mean and standard deviation (SD) was used for continuous variables and frequency was calculated for dichotomous variables. Ordinal regression was carried out to detect the independent factors of PIM. Binary logistic regression analysis was implemented to determine the independent factors on the likelihood of ADR or the MCID. ANOVA was used to detect the relationship between the co-administration of drugs and the changes of ALT, AST, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results

96.8% inpatients had at least 1 PIM and lorazepam was the most frequently prescribed drug (75.0%). Co-administration of three or more central nervous system (CNS) active drugs was the principal DDI (70.45%) and the most frequent DDI which should be avoided was the co-administration of lorazepam and olanzapine (55.5%). The common ADR were constipation (25.6%), hepatotoxicity (14.0%) and extrapyramidal symptoms (13.0%). The co-administration of quetiapine and potassium chloride was an independent risk factor of constipation (P=0.011, OR=10.821, 95%CI [1.738 67.748]) and the score change of TESS scale (P=0.024, OR=0.024, 95%CI [1.274 32.288]).
Conclusions

The rate of PIM in the elderly with psychiatric disorders is high and brought serious adverse consequences. Further studies to prevent medication-related problems and costs such as raising awareness of PIM and DDI among healthcare professionals and patients, regulating deprescription, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanism of drugs induced DDIs, and the influence of different drug administration routes on DDIs among aged people are needed.
Comparison of Four Diagnostic Criteria for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis – A Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Schroeder Maria , Giese Melanie , Wijaya Charles , Winterland Sarah , Nuechtern Annika , Grensemann Joern , Matthews Hanna , Wichmann Dominic , Stamm Johannes , Rohde Holger , Christner Martin , Ozga Ann-Kathrin , Steurer Stefan , Heinemann Axel , Simon Marcel , Fischer Marlene , Kluge Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: In the absence of lung biopsy there are various algorithms for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients that rely on clinical signs, underlying conditions, radiological features, and mycology. The aim of the present study was to compare four diagnostic algorithms in their ability to differentiate between probable IPA (i.e. requiring treatment) and colonization in critically ill patients. In addition, we determined their diagnostic accuracy to detect proven IPA. METHODS: For this diagnostic accuracy study, we included a mixed ICU population with a positive Aspergillus culture from respiratory secretions that were treated in a German quarternary care hospital between 2005 and 2020. Four different diagnostic algorithms were applied to all patients. We compared agreement among the four algorithms to discriminate probable IPA from colonization. In a subgroup of patients with lung tissue histopathology available we determined the sensitivity and specificity of the single algorithms to detect proven IPA. RESULTS: A total number of 684 critically ill patients were included. The mean age of the study population was 63 years (IQR 52-73). Sixty-nine percent (n=472) were medical and 31% (n=212) were surgical ICU patients. Overall, 79% (n=543) of patients fulfilled the criteria for probable IPA according to at least one diagnostic algorithm. Only 4% of patients (n=29) fulfilled the criteria for probable IPA according to all four algorithms. Agreement among the four diagnostic criteria was low (Cohen’s kappa 0.07-0.29). From 85 patients with histopathological examination of lung tissue 40% (n=34) had confirmed IPA. The new EORTC/MSGERC ICU working group criteria had high specificity (0.59 [0.41-0.75]) and sensitivity (0.73 [0.59-0.85]). CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of mixed ICU patients, the agreement among four algorithms for the diagnosis of IPA was low. The 2021 EORTC/MSGERC ICU working group criteria achieved the highest specificity and sensitivity to detect proven IPA. Although improved by the latest diagnostic criteria, the discrimination of invasive fungal infection from Aspergillus colonization in critically ill patients remains challenging and may require further optimization.
Is a Plant-Based Diet Associated with Relationship Aggression?
Authors: Taft Casey , Franz Molly , Hamilton Evelyn , Smethurst Madeline , Garza Anissa , Padilla-Medina Diana , Davis Maxine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Examinations of links between plant-based diet and indices of physical and mental health have received increased attention in the scientific literature in recent years. However, there has been little to no published research examining associations between plant-based diet and use of aggressive behavior. The current study examined the link between a plant-based diet and partner aggression in a nationally representative United States sample of 1,763 individuals while controlling for childhood trauma and partner aggression victimization. Results indicated that while a plant-based diet was associated with greater use of relationship aggression at the bivariate level, this association did not remain significant when accounting for childhood trauma and aggression victimization. These results suggest the importance of considering the role of trauma and victimization when examining links between plant-based diet and aggression, and point to a number of possible avenues for additional investigation to better understand these associations.
Elemental dynamics in hair accurately predict future autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: an international multi-center study
Authors: Austin Christine , Curtin Paul , Arora Manish , Reichenberg Abraham , Curtin Austen ,   Miyuki Iwai-Shimada3, Wright Robert , Wright Rosalind , Remnelius Karl Lundin , Isaksson Johan , Bolte Sven , Nakayama Shoji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition diagnosed in approximately 2% of children. Reliance on the emergence of clinically observable behavioral patterns only delays mean age of diagnosis to approximately 4 years. However, neural pathways critical to language and social functions develop during infancy and current diagnostic protocols miss the age when therapy would be most effective3,4. We developed non-invasive ASD biomarkers using mass spectrometry analysis of elemental metabolism in single hair strands, coupled with machine learning. We undertook a national prospective study in Japan where hair samples were collected at 1 month and clinical diagnosis was undertaken at 4 years. Next, we analyzed a national sample of Swedish twins and, in our third study, participants from a specialist ASD center in the US. In blinded analysis, a predictive algorithm detected ASD risk as early as 1 month with 96.4% sensitivity, 75.4% specificity, and 81.4% accuracy (n=486; 175 cases).
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant causes mild pathology in the upper and lower respiratory tract of Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Armando Federico , Beythien Georg , Kaiser Franziska , Allnoch Lisa , Heydemann Laura , Rosiak Malgorzata , Becker Svenja , Gonzalez-Hernandez Mariana , Lamers Mart , Haagmans Bart , Guilfoyle Kate , Amerongen Geert van , Ciurkiewicz Malgorzata , Osterhaus Albert , Baumgärtner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since its discovery in 2019, multiple variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been identified worldwide. The present study investigates virus spread and associated pathology in the upper and lower respiratory tracts in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) in comparison to previous identified variants of concern (VOCs). Syrian golden hamsters were infected intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 614G or with VOCs Gamma, Delta and Omicron. Pathological changes both in the upper and lower respiratory tract of VOC Omicron infected hamsters were milder than those caused by the other investigated strains. VOC Omicron infection caused only a mild rhinitis with mild involvement of the olfactory epithelium and minimal lesions in the lung with frequent sparing of the alveolar compartment. Similarly, viral antigen detection as well as infectious SARS-CoV-2 titers were lower in upper and lower respiratory tract of VOC Omicron infected hamsters. These findings demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 VOC Omicron variant has a decreased pathogenicity for both the upper and lower respiratory tract of Syrian golden hamsters.
Are all Schatzker Type-II tibial plateau fractures alike? A retrospective study
Authors: Chouhan Devendra K , Bhayana Himanshu , Prakash Mahesh , Dhillon Mandeep Singh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction -Lateral tibial plateau is the commonest area to encounter the malunion inspite of surgical intervention. Limitation in fracture understanding has role to play and currently available classifications are lacking information about the morphological description of the fracture and injury to the associated ligaments/meniscus.Aims, Hypothesis and Methodology -In an attempt to add the information to Schatzker's type-II fracture, we propose a technical tip for detailed injury characterization. Clinical and radiological records of 20 patients with Schatzker's-II fracture tibial plateau were evaluated to identify heterogeneity of fracture.Results -Four displacement patterns of depression were seen, with varying severity of comminution involving the depressed fragment. The cortical split was in multiple planes in 55% of cases and associated injury to meniscus and MCL were identified in 40% of cases.Conclusion-Tibial plateau fracture classified as Schatzker's Type II tibial plateau fractures are morphologically split and depression fracture of the lateral tibial plateau, with concealed fracture heterogeneity in displacement patterns, fracture configuration, and associated injury to menisci or ligaments.
Parametric analysis of discrete multiple-cavity models with the quasi-two-dimensional friction model for transient cavitating pipe flows
Authors: Sun Qiang , Hao Yingqi , Cheng Peifeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Discrete multiple-cavity models coupled with quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) friction models are effective solutions to simulating transient cavitation pipe flows. The simulation accuracy of such models hinges upon the understanding of key parameters of the models, which remains elusive so far. To address such an open issue, this paper employs the discrete vapor cavity model (DVCM) and the discrete gas cavity model (DGCM), combined with the quasi-2D friction model, with a particular focus on revealing the sensitivity of these models to the key parameters such as grid number and weighting parameters. Based on the quantitative analysis and pressure fluctuation history, a method is developed to evaluate the accuracy of numerical results. Results show that the inclusion of the quasi-2D friction model improves the accuracy of predicting time of cavity formation and collapse; however, it does not affect the selection of grid number. Meanwhile, numerical results are sensitive to the weighting parameter of the viscous term in the quasi-2D friction model except for the case of low-intensity cavitation and its value of 1 is suggested for all cases. From the practical point of view, our finding is helpful to understand the feature of discrete multiple-cavity models and improve the simulating accuracy of transient cavitation pipe flows.