bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the first–wave COVID-19 pandemic's on emergency urological care in Colombia: A multicenter study
Authors: Castañeda-Millán David Andrés , Rodríguez-Piraquive Sebastián , Guachetá-Bomba Pedro Luis , Cortés-Páez David Augusto , Alzate-Granados Juan Pablo , Álvarez-Restrepo Juan Camilo , Capera-López Cesar , Guachetá-Bomba Marcela , Gómez-Castro Stephani , Forero-Muñoz Jorge , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemics has caused millions of deaths worldwide, has increased the demand for in-hospital beds and has affected in-hospital activities of "non-respiratory patients." There is currently no known effect of the pandemic on the emergency urological care in our region. This study aims to estimate the first – wave COVID-19 pandemics effect on emergency urological care in four tertiary Colombian hospitals.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study were made. The emergency urological care activities between April – May 2019 and April – May 2020 were compared. We calculated descriptive statistics and assessed differences during the study periods. We used Stata 13.0.
Results: 1570 patients were included. There was a 22.20% decrease in the number of patients who visited the emergency room (ER) for urological disease during the pandemic's initial phase. Urolithiasis and urological infectious were the most common reasons for consulting in the ER. there was a significant decrease in ER visits caused by acute urinary retention (p: 0.001). The surgical index for patients who required emergency urological care had a increase of 10.74% (p: 0.0001). There was a decrease of 0.74 days in hospital stay for patients who required urological emergency care in the initial COVID-19 pandemic period.
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on emergency and elective urological care worldwide. During the initial phase of this emergency there was a significant decreased in hospital admission due to urological diseases (including acute urinary retention) and average hospital stays due to urological emergencies in Colombia, however, the surgical index for critical urological diseases increased by 10.74%. According to the pandemics dynamics, a greater effect on urological care is expected.
Presentación de reporte de caso: estallido renal espontáneo por tuberculosis
Authors: Rivero-Rodríguez Wilmer , Navarro-Mejía Johana Andrea , Camelo-Pardo Gianmarco , Ramírez-Angarita Diego Isaac , Pinzón-Mantilla Daniela 
Published: February 2022

Introducción: La tuberculosis es responsable de la mayoría de las muertes asociadas a enfermedad infecciosa. El principal compromiso de la entidad es a nivel pulmonar, seguido de localización genitourinaria en su manifestación extrapulmonar, con predominio renal, epidídimo y prostático respectivamente. La clínica es inespecífica y es sospechada en pacientes con patológicas crónicas o diagnóstico previo de tuberculosis pulmonar. El estándar de oro para el diagnóstico es la identificación del bacilo en orina, con diferentes técnicas diagnósticas hasta opciones poco frecuentes como la inyección de tuberculina. Su tratamiento está basado en una terapia tetraconjugada (isoniazida, rifampicina, etambutol y pirazinamida) hasta manejos combinados en cuadros con germen resistente, evaluando su duración de acuerdo a la clínica y las características del paciente.
Objetivo: Se presenta el caso de una paciente joven con estallido espontáneo renal asociado a tuberculosis, quien requirió tratamiento médico e intervención quirúrgica de urgencia presentando deterioro multisistémico asociado a choque hemodinámico, recalcando la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial oportuno, intervenciones farmacológicas y quirúrgicas inmediatas en los pacientes con trauma renal y deterioro clínico.
Discusión: La tuberculosis genitourinaria se caracteriza por un cuadro clínico inespecífico dificultando el diagnóstico oportuno, la clínica se relaciona con el órgano comprometido. Se sospecha en pacientes con alteraciones crónicas, nutricionales e inmunodeficiencia, siendo de vital importancia un diagnóstico rápido y tratamiento efectivo individualizando. En este reporte se presenta una paciente con múltiples antecedentes, con una complicación asociada a tuberculosis renal no descrita en la literatura, con intervención quirúrgica inmediata y deterioro en su evolución clínica.
Awaken Spirit Life by Sharing Life Struggles: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Muniba Mazari’s Speech
Authors: Ernawati  , Shandy Airyn Eki 
Published: February 2022

The Critical Discourse Analysis is often applied to analyze public speech such as motivation speech, in which the speaker to interest, motivate and give an inspirational response fromthe audience. This study presents a critical discourse analysis of Muniba Mazari’s speech (limited to one speech about her life struggle in her own words at TEDx) to reveal the concept of empowering women by sharing life’s struggles in the socio-cultural context of Pakistan. based on Critical Discourse Analysis Theory and Systematic Functional Linguistics, analyze Muniba Mazari’s motivational speech fromthe point of view of the language used to inspire listeners, word choice, and expression (body language) in her speech while sharing her life struggles. This study uses a critical discourse analysis method, the linguistic elements used to inspire listeners through the choice of words, and expressions (body language) by Muniba Mazari in his speech when sharing his life struggles to awaken the spirit of life. The result shows In a speech the researcher found that the speaker took pauses in speaking, the rhythm was slow, steady and several times made deliberate pauses during speaking, besides that the researcher also found repetition and emphasis on words that were considered important and the speaker told stories of his life struggles.
Isotopic differences in soil–plant–atmosphere continuum composition and control factors of different vegetation zones on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Zhu Guofeng , Zhang Zhuanxia , Sun Zhigang , Yong Leilei , Sang Liyuan , Wang Lei , Zhao Kailiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Understanding the differences and control factors of stable water isotopes in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC) of different vegetation
zones is of great significance in revealing hydrological processes and regional water cycle mechanisms. From April 2018 to October 2019, we collected
1281 samples to investigated the stable water isotopes' changes in the SPAC of three different vegetation zones (alpine meadows, forests, and arid
foothills) in the Shiyang River basin. The results show the following: (1) precipitation plays a major control role in the SPAC. From alpine meadows to arid
foothills, the temperature effect of precipitation isotopes increases as altitude decreases. (2) From the alpine meadow to the arid foothills, soil
water isotopes are gradually enriched. (3) Alpine meadow plants are mainly supplied by precipitation in the rainy season, and forest plants mainly
utilize soil water in the dry season and precipitation in the rainy season. The soil water in the arid foothills is primarily recharged by
groundwater, and the evaporation of plant isotopes is strong. (4) Temperature and altitude are potential factors that control the isotopic
composition of the SPAC. This research will help in understanding of the SPAC system's water cycle at different altitudes and climates in high mountains.
Sur, populismo y después. Sobre los siete ensayos de Paula Biglieri y Luciana Cadahia
Authors: Marey Macarena 
Published: February 2022

Este texto reseña el libro Biglieri, Paula y Cadahia, Luciana, Seven essays on populism. For a Renewed Theoretical Perspective, Medford: Polity, 2021. Traducido por George Ciccariello-Maher y con prólogo de Wendy Brown.
S SISTEM PERAWATAN DAN PEMELIHARAAN GENERATOR SET 501-B DI PT TITIS SAMPURNA LPG PLANT LIMAU TIMUR PRABUMILIH
Authors: Pranondo Diky , Akbar Afif Ridho 
Published: February 2022

PT Titis Sampurna LPG Plant Limau Timur adalah salah satu perusahaan yang mengelola gas bumi menjadi Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG). Generator set adalah perangkat kombinasi antara pembangkit listrik (generator) dan mesin penggerak yang digabung dalam satu set unit untuk menghasilkan tenaga listrik. Generator set (genset) sangat dibutuhkan karena mampu mensuplai listrik ketika sumber listrik utama padam, atau justru sebagai sumber suplai listrik utama jika tidak terdapat aliran listrik. Terdapat 3 unit generator set pada perusahaan. Upaya untuk mengetahui cara serta prinsip kerja generator set 501-B, adalah sebuah mesin pembakaran (mesin diesel atau mesin bensin) akan mengubah energi bahan bakar menjadi energi mekanik, kemudian energi mekanik tersebut diubah atau dikonversi oleh generator sehingga menghasilkan daya listrik. Hasil observasi lapangan menunjukan maintenance generator set harus di lakukan rutin, yaitu secara kontinyu dan berkala sesuai dengan petunjuk pada buku manual genset yang terdapat pada perusahaan.
Development of environmentally responsible investment: implementation of foreign experience for Kazakhstan
Authors: Varavin Ye. V. , Kozlova M. V. , Makovetskiy M. Yu. 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research is to systematize and clarify scientific and theoretical approaches to determining the essence and economic content of environmentally responsible investment within the framework of the ESG-investment concept and to study the possibility of their implementation in Kazakhstani practice.Methodology – the methods included scientific abstraction, inductive, deductive and comparative analysis. In addition, special methods were applied: comparison, monographic, normative, economic and statistical (statistical sample, economic grouping, calculation of statistical indicators, including absolute and relative values).Originality / value – the obtained research results can be applied in Kazakhstan in improving the state policy in the field of "green" financing in Kazakhstan, responsible investment of measures to counter environmental threats.Findings – the results defined the essence of responsible investment within the framework of the ESGinvestment concept, taking into account the unity of environmental, social and corporate governance factors. The analysis of the state and development of responsible investment in economically developed countries was held. Possibilities of forming an ecosystem of financial support for environmentally responsible investments in Kazakhstan were clarified. The factors constraining and stimulating the inflow of investments into green economy projects are highlighted, as well as measures of state support for the development of environmentally responsible investment in the country were proposed. The results of this research can be applied in Kazakhstan to improve the state policy in the field of “green” financing, responsible investment of measures to counter environmental threats and challenges.
Studies on the Carbon dioxide Factor in the Air and Soil Layers near the ground
Authors: Misra R.K. 
Published: February 2022

The paper deals with the study of CO2 content of the air layers with which the plants are primarily concerned. It describes variation of the atmospheric and soil air CO2 with (i) height/depth (ii) time of day and (iii) season. The study was made In the open as well as within crops. The effect of irrigation on CO2-content of the soil air is also described. Pettenkoffer's method of CO2-absorptlon by biota and subsequent titration by oxalic acid using phenolphthalein as indicator was used for CO2-estimation. The samples of soil air from within the soil were drawn out for CO2-estimation through a specially designed steel probe. For the duration of this study the average value of CO2 concentration In the air layers within the first eight feet above the ground surface was 0.0490;0 and that In the soil air under a bareplot at a depth of 35 cm. was 0.13%,
The study indicates that the amount of CO2 In the air IS more Inside a crop than In the open, (ii) it is more during night than during the day-the minimum being in the afternoon and (iii) it is more during winter than during summer, the minimum being in the rainy season CO2-content. does not appear to vary with height upto the first 35 feet above the ground surface. Soil air CO2 Increases In concentration with depth. It is more under a crop-field than under a bare, plot. Its maximum concentration occurs In the rainy season and minimum early In spring and the low values continue throughout the summer months. The effect of irrigation appears to increase the concentration of CO2 in the soil air.
Further Studies on the Heat Radiation from The night sky at Poona
Authors: CHACKO OOMMEN 
Published: February 2022

The paper contains a discussion of the measurements of sky radiation made at the Central Agricultural meteorological Observatory with the help of Angstrom’s Pyrgeometer during 1945, 1946 and 1949. A study of the mean monthly variation of sky radiation shows that the sky radiation was minimum during winter and maximum during the cloudy monsoon period. Hourly variation of sky radiation during a few clear as well as cloudy nights has also been discussed in the paper. The values of atmospheric radiation measured in the evening and the succeeding morning on a few clear nights have been taken and the decrease in the radiation during the night has been compared with the change in radiation variation of sky radiation may be accounted for by the variation in the radiation coming from the air layers nearest to the ground, which undergo nocturnal cooling. It has also been shown that the strength of inversion in the air layers near the ground increases as the net radiation increases.
Possible heating effect in the mesospheric 51 to 70 km altitude region over Thumba (8° N, 77° E) following geomagnetic activity
Authors: SESHAMANI R. 
Published: February 2022

The variation in equatorial mesospheric temperatures at altitudes of 51 to 70 km during geomagnetically-active periods has been studied. A correlation analysis of rocketsonde temperature data obtained from the M-100 sounding rocket launchings at Thumba (8 deg. N, 77 deg. E) and the daily planetary geomagnetic index Ap has been carried out for a one-year period (December 1970 to December 1971).
The results of the analysis reveal a highly significant in-phase relationship between the temperatures and Ap . The 51 to 70 km layer average temperature changes in-phase, around 3 to 4 days after the Ap increase. The temperature change has been quantified by (DELTA)T/(DELTA)Ap = 0.36° K (approx.) for a four-day lag between the time of Ap increase and the subsequent temperature increase.
This heating effect in the 51 to 70 km altitude region around 3 to 4 days after variations in geo-magnetic activity, appears to be a part of the phenomenon of solar/geomagnetic activity induced perturbations in the equatorial neutral atmosphere over Thumba, observed by Raja Rao et al. (1978). Such results would form useful inputs for modelling the neutral atmosphere over India.
A comparative study of the common methods for estimating particulate concentrations of the atmosphere
Authors: ZUTSHI P. K. , CHUGH P. K. , MAHADEVAN T. N. 
Published: February 2022

Relative study of the gravimetric, optical and beta-absorption techniques has been made for the study of atmospheric particulate concentrations. C14 and Pm147 have been used as beta sources and it is found that for normal atmospheric dust loads the Cu betas are preferable and for heavily dust laden atmospheres the Pm147 betas are useful for obtaining reliable results.
The results show that the atmosphere around Trombay is loaded with dust in excess of permissible limits and that the observed concentration follow a log-normal distribution and indicate both a seasonal as well as a diurnal variation.
An analysis of the Space Distribution of Rainfall in India and Pakistan
Authors: SINHA K. L. 
Published: February 2022

In the India Meteorological Department it is a long standing practiceto describe the occurrence of rainfall over the various meteorological divisions of the country, in terms of widespread, local and fewfalls according to the distribution of rainfall. The same terms have also been in use in forecasts of rainfall to indicate the expected distribution of rainfall. With an idea of obtaining the number of occasions of the different types of distribution of rainfall in different parts of the Country, statistics have been compiled in respect of all the meteorological subdivisions of pre-partition India from ten years 'data of the years 1930-39, published in Indian Daily Weather Reports. Tables are given showing for each division the average number of days of widespread, local and few falls together with the highest and lowest number of days under each category. The number of days of rainfall (sum of the days of all the three types of rainfall distribution) and the number of days of widespread rainfall for each meteorological subdivision in different months of the year have been discussed.
With regard to the number of days of rainfall of the meteorological subdivisions it is seen that some divisions show only one peak during the year while others have two peaks. The peak which all the divisions have is due to the southwest monsoon and the other is practically due to the western disturbances. The peak observed during the month of active western disturbances is noticeable in the south up to the Madras Deccan, showing that the secondary or tertiary effects of the western disturbances are occasionally produced so far South as the Madras Deccan.
Strong winds at Allahabad and their forewarnings
Authors: Sinha K. L. 
Published: February 2022

A study of the strong surface winds that occur at Allahabad (Bamrauli Aerodrome) has been made, Records of the wind velocity of 20 mph or more during the period 1941-45 have been analysed. The caution and a strong winds have been classified Into three groups, (I) Strong gusty winds, as experienced in the summer or those in monsoon, not connected with monsoon depressions, (2) strong winds, accompanying the depressions and {3) squally winds, associated with dust and thunderstorms. General cha~teristic8 of the different types of the strong winds and the associated synoptic situations are discussed. Some local indications at the station and at a few neighbouring stations which have been found useful for the issue of short-time warnings for the squally or convergence winds that are associated with the severe duststorms and thunderstorms of the summer months are also discussed.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Pediatric Traumatic Orthopaedic Injuries: A Database Study
Authors: Malige Ajith , Deemer Alexa , Sobel Andrew D. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Stay-at-home orders and other social distancing restrictions had a profound effect on the lives of children during the pandemic. This study characterizes pediatric orthopaedic injuries and in-hospital outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and compares them with pre-COVID patterns.

Methods:
A retrospective review of pediatric patients presenting to hospitals with Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation designations was performed. All patients younger than 18 years who presented with orthopaedic injuries were included. Patient demographics, injuries, hospital stays, and mortality were compared between the COVID and pre-COVID cohorts.

Results:
Overall, 1112 patients were included. During the pandemic, more injuries occurred at home (44.7% versus 54.9%, P = 0.01) and fewer at sporting areas, parks, and pools (7.8% versus 1.6%, P < 0.01) as well as at schools (3.4% versus 0.5%, P = 0.03). Injuries caused by child abuse were more prevalent during the pandemic (5.6% versus 11.0%, P < 0.01). Finally, the COVID cohort had a longer mean hospital length of stay (3.1 versus 2.4 days, P = 0.01), higher mean number of ICU days (1.0 versus 0.7 days, P = 0.02), and higher mortality rate (3.8% versus 1.3%, P = 0.02).

Discussion:
Pediatric patients sustained injuries in differing patterns during the pandemic, but these led to worse hospital outcomes, including higher mortality rates.
Estrategias de diferenciación con percepción del valor en la rentabilidad de los negocios del rubro de regalos Junín, Perú
Authors: Sinche Crispín Fernando Viterbo , Huincho Lapa Sergio , Garcia Curo Gianmarco , Torres Huamaní José 
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la influencia de las estrategias de diferenciación con percepción del valor en la rentabilidad de los negocios del rubro de regalos Junín. El estudio se realizó con enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño de investigación no experimental – transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario para las estrategias de diferenciación con percepción del valor a 290 clientes que alguna vez han recurrido a un negocio de regalos, quienes fueron seleccionados con un método no probabilístico por conveniencia; y se recolectó una ficha de análisis documental para la variable rentabilidad en el negocio de regalos denominado Sorprendiendo Perú.
Utilizando el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, se obtuvo que las estrategias de diferenciación con percepción del valor (EDPV) influyen significativa y directamente (p<0.05) en la rentabilidad sobre los activos (ROA), en la rentabilidad sobre el Patrimonio (ROE) y la rentabilidad sobre las ventas (RV) respectivamente. Se concluye que las estrategias de diferenciación con percepción del valor (diferenciación del producto, diferenciación del servicio, diferenciación del personal y diferenciación de la imagen) determinan una influencia significativa y directa, es decir, que a mayor aplicación de la estrategia de diferenciación la rentabilidad será mayor en los negocios del rubro de regalos.
The impact of internal control on management expenses
Authors: Xue Yuanfeng 
Published: February 2022

Administrative expenses affect the profitability of enterprises, an thorough internal control can save administrative expenses or reduce unnecessary administrative expenses. Taking listed manufacturing companies as samples, this paper studies the relationship between the quality of internal control and management costs with empirical methods, aimed at providing useful references for listed manufacturing companies in China to improve the utilization efficiency of management costs and internal control. Study shows that: (1) the improvement of internal control quality helps to reduce the proportion of overall management costs significantly, (2) the effective internal control can also significantly inhibit the proportion of pay, office, travel , business entertainment and commission in the administration expense, (3) improving the quality of internal control can't significantly reduce the proportion of r&d.
Shielding Techniques
Authors: Martin Melissa , McGinley Patton H. 
Published: February 2022

Shielding Techniqueshas been a classic for many years. Now Melissa Martin joins Patton McGinley for the book's third edition, which brings NCRP 151 methodology into the shielding calculations, making this a stand-alone guide for clinical medical physicists.
The book is also finding a home in classrooms due to its many shielding calculation exercises.
From Anees Dhabaan in
Medical Physics…"Together with the detailed text for the shielding topics, these examples craft this book to be a suitable textbook on shielding for students and clinical medical physicists. When teaching shielding to medical physics residents and graduate students, I have incorporated this book in our institution as the main textbook. From this experience, I would strongly recommend this text to general medical physicists, medical physics residents, and graduate students. This comprehensive textbook is, in my opinion, the only one in the field of medical physics to provide thoroughly detailed shielding design solutions for photon therapy rooms as of yet."