bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural evolution and thermal runaway of refractory W and Mo nanotips in the vacuum under high electric field from PIC-ED-MD simulations
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Li Nan , Kyritsakis Andreas , Veske Mihkel , Dong Chengye , Wu Kai , Xiao Bing , Djurabekova Flyura , Cheng Yonghong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We performed multiscale-multiphysics simulations for W, Mo and Cu nanotips under high electric field to investigate their structural evolution and thermal runaway process. The critical electric field values for the electric prebreakdown condition are predicted to be 311 MV m−1, 570 MV m−1 and 675 MV m−1 for Cu, Mo and W nanotips respectively (R
0 = 1 nm, H
0 = 100 nm). The boiling point of the metal is found to be a good predictor of the critical electric field strength for the initiation of thermal runaway. For metal nanotips made of refractory metals such as W and Mo, the structural thermal runaway process is determined by the rapid growth of small protrusions and their subsequent sharpening and thinning under the high electric stress on the apex region. On the other hand, the more intense atomic evaporation of Cu metal nanotips is caused by the ejection of large droplets generated by recrystallization and necking of the molten region at the apex of the nanotip. The differences in the observed structural evolutions of nanotips between refractory metals and the Cu during the thermal runaway event clearly show the strong influence of melting and boiling points on the electric prebreakdown process in nanoscale.
High-precision modeling of dynamic etching in high-power magnetron sputtering
Authors: Cui Suihan , Chen Qiuhao , Guo Yuxiang , Chen Lei , Jin Zheng , Li Xiteng , Yang Chao , Wu Zhongcan , Su Xiongyu , Ma Zhengyong , Fu Ricky K Y , Tian Xiubo , Chu Paul K , Wu Zhongzhen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Etching of the cathodes in magnetron sputtering determines the plasma discharge properties and deposition efficiency. In high-power and high-ionization discharges, etching becomes more complicated, resulting in inaccurate results if the conventional models are still used. This work aims at establishing an accurate dynamic model for high-power and high-ionization discharges by combining the cellular automata (CA) method and particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) method, in which all the interactions pertaining to the etching morphology, plasma density, electric field, and magnetic field are considered. In high-power discharges such as continuous high-power magnetron sputtering (C-HPMS), strong self-sputtering and intense gas rarefaction stemming from the high temperature in the vicinity of the target influence the etching behavior. Compared to the experimental results, the morphology simulated by the dynamic etching model shows an error of only 0.8% in C-HPMS, which is much less than that obtained by the traditional test-electron Monte Carlo (MC) method (10.1%) and static PIC/MCC method (4.0%). The dynamic etching model provides more accurate results to aid the development and industrial application of HPMS.
Preparation of flexible ultraviolet photodetectors based on ZnO film using a dip-coating method on different flexible substrates
Authors: Hui Yifan , Ren Yuxin , Song Jiaming , Hu Peng , Fan Haibo , Teng Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flexible ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their significant potential for application in wearable electronic devices. In this study, flexible UV PDs based on ZnO films were prepared on different flexible substrates by using a simple dip-coating method. The photodetection properties of the PDs were evaluated and analyzed in detail. The results showed that the PD using filter paper as a substrate exhibited higher flexibility and stability than the PDs constructed on polyethylene terephthalate and A4 paper substrates. When the bending angle reached 60°, the PD on filter paper exhibited a significant switch response with response times of 3.83 s and 13.52 s. The excellent flexibility of the PD on filter paper resulted from the loose and porous structure of the ZnO film, which can effectively reduce the influence of substrate bending. This work paves a way toward the research and development of high-performance, wearable, paper-based optoelectronic nanodevices.
Machine learning-based event recognition in SiFi Compton camera imaging for proton therapy monitoring
Authors: Kazemi Kozani Majid , Magiera Andrzej 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Online monitoring of dose distribution in proton therapy is currently being investigated with the detection of prompt gamma (PG) radiation emitted from a patient during irradiation. The SiPM and scintillation Fiber based Compton Camera (SiFi-CC) setup is being developed for this aim. Approach. A machine learning approach to recognize Compton events is proposed, reconstructing the PG emission profile during proton therapy. The proposed method was verified on pseudo-data generated by a Geant4 simulation for a single proton beam impinging on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom. Three different models including the boosted decision tree (BDT), multilayer perception (MLP) neural network, and k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) were trained using 10-fold cross-validation and then their performances were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROI) curves. Subsequently, after event selection by the most robust model, a software based on the List-Mode Maximum Likelihood Estimation Maximization (LM-MLEM) algorithm was applied for the reconstruction of the PG emission distribution profile. Main results. It was demonstrated that the BDT model excels in signal/background separation compared to the other two. Furthermore, the reconstructed PG vertex distribution after event selection showed a significant improvement in distal falloff position determination. Significance. A highly satisfactory agreement between the reconstructed distal edge position and that of the simulated Compton events was achieved. It was also shown that a position resolution of 3.5 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) in distal edge position determination is feasible with the proposed setup.
Deep learning for circular dichroism of nanohole arrays
Authors: Li Qi , Fan Hong , Bai Yu , Li Ying , Ikram Muhammad , Wang YongKai , Huo YiPing , Zhang Zhongyue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chiral metasurfaces with nanohole structures have a strong circular dichroism (CD) response and are easy to prepare. Therefore, they are widely used in many fields, such as biological monitoring and analytical chemistry. In this work, a deep learning (DL) framework based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to predict the CD response of chiral metasurfaces. A dataset containing many data values is used to predict CD values, which are found to be highly consistent with those obtained from COMSOL Multiphysics simulation. Results show that the proposed CNN-based DL model is about a thousand of times faster than conventional finite element methods. It can accurately map chiral metasurfaces and predict their optical response with negligible loss functions. The insights gained from this research may be helpful in the study of complex optical chirality and the design of highly sensitive sensing systems in DL networks.
Muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment in the μ
νSSM *
Authors: Zhang Hai-Bin , Liu Chang-Xin , Yang Jin-Lei , Feng Tai-Fu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab measured the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment (MDM),

, and reported that the new experimental average increases the difference between the experiment and the standard model (SM) prediction to 4.2σ. In this work, we reanalyze the muon anomalous MDM at the two-loop level in the μ from the ν Supersymmetric Standard Model (

SSM) combined with the updated experimental average. The

SSM can explain the current difference between the experimental measurement and the SM theoretical prediction for the muon anomalous MDM, constrained by the 125 GeV Higgs boson mass and decays, the rare decay

, and so on. We also investigate the anomalous MDM of the electron and tau lepton,

and

, at the two-loop level in the

SSM. In addition, the decaying of the 125 GeV Higgs boson into a pair of charged leptons in the

SSM is analyzed.
The efficiency of moringa leaf (Moringa Oleifera) as green material carbon steel corrosion inhibitor for different concentration of sea water.
Authors: Atan F , Rosliza R , Wan Syahidah W M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Carbon steel as materials of pipe is used in the plural oil and gas industry in Malaysia, but the corrosive working environment conditions create this type of pipe prone to corrosion. In electrical industries, Aluminum-conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) are the most commonly used in transmission line systems due to aluminum’s light weight and cost, and carbon steel’s strand is high mechanical strength. Corrosion is an absolute phenomenon that occurs in carbon steel, but the rate of corrosion can be controlled by certain techniques. One of which is the use of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors or so-called green corrosion inhibitors. Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera) is known to have a high content of antioxidant compounds and the use of this benefit only limited to water purification and as a food ingredient. From this issue, research was carried out on the use of Moringa leaf extract as green corrosion inhibitor on carbons steel. This research uses variations Moringa leaf powder concentration in 200 ml static seawater conditions (0 rpm) give the concentration of 200, 400, and 600, 800 and 1000 ppm to get optimal work. The linear polarization method used to determine the performance of Moringa leaf powder to reduce the corrosion reaction. In the tafel test, it was found that moringa leaf powder that is added suitable to work as inhibitor. Addition of the concentration able to reduce the corrosion rate up to 0.124 mmpy with efficiency from polarization resistance of 49.69 %, while efficiency from corrosion rate and corrosion current of 70.5% in static seawater conditions. Consequently, in inhibited solutions, the corrosion rate is indicative of the number of the free corrosion sites remaining after some sites have been blocked by inhibitor adsorption. Tafel test results found that a protective passive layer is formed on the surface of the steel make contact between the metal and sea water is reduced with existing of moringa leaf powder so that corrosion can be inhibited.
Cylindrical quantum wires: the Quantum photo-stimulated Peltier effect under the influence of confined acoustic phonons
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van , Anh Nguyen Thi Nguyet , Dien Tang Thi , Long Do Tuan , Bau Nguyen Quang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Quantum photo-stimulated Peltier effect has been theoretically studied under the influence of confined acoustic phonon in a cylindrical quantum wires with an infinite potential by using the quantum kinetic equation method. In this work, we assume that the confined electrons-confined acoustic phonons scattering is essential. Moreover, the presence of a strong electromagnetic wave (EMW) is also taken into account to determine the influence of confined phonons on the aforementioned effects. We have defined the analytical expressions for the kinetic tensors and the Peltier coefficients (PC). In detailed consideration, the quantum number m1, m2 were changed in order to characterize the influence of confined acoustic phonon (confined AP). As the radius of the wire increases to infinity, we obtained the results that corresponded to the case of bulk phonons (unconfined AP). The theoretical results have been numerically evaluated and discussed for the GaAs/AlGaAs cylindrical quantum wires (CQW). The change of PC in two cases unconfined AP and confined AP have been found according to augment of EMW frequency. The value of resonant peaks has altered under the effect of confined AP. The difference of PC also has been discovered when investigating its dependence on the cyclotron frequency. Furthermore, the PC reduced suddenly when considering the dependence of PC on the radius of wire and PC on the low temperature. All numerical showed that the magnitude of PC diverse significantly in comparison with unconfined AP case and doped two - dimensional semiconductor superlattice. This means that the confinement of the phonon affects the Peltier effect quantitatively and qualitatively. These results are new and provide to completing the theory of the Peltier effect in low-dimensional semiconductor systems.
Computer simulation of the glassy network structure of B2O3-2SiO2 and Al2O3-2SiO2 systems
Authors: Lan Mai Thi , Hong Nguyen Van 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The network structure of B2O3-2SiO2 and Al2O3-2SiO2 systems (abbreviated as BS2 and AS2, respectively) in the liquid state is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. For the BS2 system, most of the basic structural units are BO3 and SiO4. The number of BO4 and SíOb is very small. Most of the tetrahedral SiO4 and trigonal BO3 networks link to each other via mainly the corner-sharing bonds to form -Si-O-Si- and -Si-O-B- linkages. For the AS2 system, most of basic structural units are tetrahedral TO4 (T=Al, Si) and trigonal AlO3. The number of TO5 is negligible. The basic structural units link to each other through mainly the corner-sharing bonds to form -Si-O-Si- and -Si-O-Al- linkages. The topology of basic structural units is investigated via the bond angle and length distribution. The addition of Al2O3 or B2O3 into silica results in the change of the -Si-O- network structure. The cation B3+ or Al3+ tend to replace the Si
4+ in the tetrahedra SiO4 to form negative charge units [BO
4]- and [AlO
4]-, respectively. The concentration of negative charge units in the network structure of AS2 and BS2 is different. The network structure is studied through linkages T-O-T (T = Si, B, Al) and the number of types of linkages. Especially, the structural heterogeneity is also presented and discussed in detail. The structural heterogeneity in BS2 and AS2 liquids is due to the coexistence of two BO3 and SiO4 structural phases in BS2 and three SiO4, AlO4 and AlO3 structural phases in AS2 liquids.
Experimental Investigation on Vortex Induced Vibration of Marine Risers with Different Wall Thicknesses
Authors: Zhong Ziqian , Li Peng , Feng Liping , Liu Zhen , Wang Chuanzhen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the vortex-induced vibration experiment of the risers with different wall thicknesses in wave-flow combined water flume was carried out. The dynamic strain sensing technology was adopted. The sensitivity and micro evolution pattern of riser VIV response relative to wall thickness were examined by varying the wall thickness of various riser models, comparing the dimensionless root mean square of strain, vibration frequencies and trajectories by varying different wall thicknesses of the risers. The results indicate that the wall thickness does not have a large influence on the Strouhal numbers of the vibration of the risers, which are always around 0.18; the larger the wall thickness is, the earlier the lock-in region is jumped out, as wall thickness increases, the outflow velocity corresponding to the occurrence of an “8” or oblique “8” shape vibration trajectory continues to delay, and the velocity range for such trajectories gradually narrows.
Experimental research on the characteristics of sewage convergence in rectangular RAS tank
Authors: Zhang Zekun , Pan Xunran , Liu Bo , Qu Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The performance of sewage convergence of the aquaculture tank is directly related to the water quality in the tank, and it is the key to the success of aquaculture. This paper takes the rectangular aquaculture tank as the research object, and systematically explores the effect of hydraulic driving factors (jetting velocity, jetting position), tank bottom slope, and sewage weight on the sewage convergence performance of aquaculture tank by conducting model experiments to provide a scientific basis for the design of aquaculture tanks and optimization of jetting-driven device. The research results found that the higher the jetting velocity, the better the sewage convergence; the closer the jetting position is to the drain hole, the better the sewage convergence; the smaller sewage weight, the better the sewage convergence; when the small slope is 1:35, the sewage convergence is better. It is recommended to adjust the slope of the bottom of the tank to some degree, control the breeding density and feeding amount when constructing the tank. The jetting-driven device should be installed as close to the drain hole for large-size sewage. To obtain a better performance of sewage convergence, the flow velocity should be increased as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the healthy growth of the breeding objects.
Analysis on the Influence of Flood Drainage of Cao’e River Sluice on the Hydrodynamics of Waiguantang River
Authors: Yu Junfeng , Chen Weijin , Fang Zhihao , Bai Fuqing , Li Dongfeng , Li Zihao , Chen Yishan , Xie Feng , Chen Mei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to fully study the impact of Cao’e River Sluice drainage on the external pipe pond and improve the water quality of Shaoxing plain river network, this paper establishes a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, analyzes the rivers and lakes in Shaoxing plain, and uses the established model to simulate the initial conditions. Through the comparative analysis of the information of the two-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic model and the condition of the river network, we can draw the following conclusions: under normal circumstances, the decline rate of the water surface elevation in Waiguantang river is faster than that in the river network, the overall water surface elevation is relatively stable, and the water surface elevation decreases with the increase of water source distance. The variation range of velocity from the source is large, which is different from the uniform change of water surface elevation. Therefore, the occurrence of flood disaster can be reduced through accurate data analysis.
Energy Storage Expansion Planning Method for Active Distribution Network Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Hu Yidan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the increasing proportion of new energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power in the regional power grid, the unreliable and random problems of new energy generation are magnified, which will cause damage to the security and stability of the power grid. How to improve the reliability and accuracy of active distribution network energy storage expansion planning and ensure the safe, stable and economic operation of the power grid is the research direction of all countries in the world. In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization for adaptive improvement is proposed. Compared with the traditional particle swarm algorithm, the feasibility and superiority of the algorithm are illustrated. The lower-level programming model is solved by using the interior point method of tracking the center trajectory. The dual gap is improved to speed up the convergence of the algorithm. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is combined with the interior point method of tracking the center trajectory to solve the established bi-level programming model. The planning model is solved by using the algorithm. Through the analysis of the planning results, the optimal planning and operation scheme of renewable distributed generation in active distribution network is obtained, and the feasibility of the model is verified. In this paper, the active distribution network has the characteristics of active management, which improves the ability of the distribution network to accept the expansion of energy storage, and becomes an important direction of the development of distribution network.
Measurement for bubble size distribution in bubbly oil with digital imaging technology
Authors: Lu Li , Jiang Shuyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The high viscosity of lubricating oil limits the working speed of sliding bearing, and the viscosity of bubbly oil is less than that of lubricating oil at high shear rate. The viscosity of bubbly oil is related to bubble size distribution. An experimental device for generating microbubbles in bubbly oil is designed, and a method for measuring bubble size distribution in bubbly oil with different aeration levels is proposed based on digital imaging technology. The experimental results show that the size distribution of bubbles accords with lognormal distribution basically, and the higher the air volume fraction is, the larger the average diameter of bubbles is.
Design and Levitation Performance above A Permanent Magnet in Maglev Train Prototype
Authors: Rachman Natriya Faisal , Wirawan Willy Artha , Pradipta Andri , Setiawan Didik Agus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Maglev trains have a working system that will later be used to move the train. Magnetic Levitation (maglev) working system uses the principle of attractive or repulsive force generated by magnets. In its development, there are several systems used on maglev trains. This article describes how to design the strength of the magnetic field in the maglev prototype. Tests using a magnet based on the distance and diameter of the magnet. The results of measuring the magnetic field on a permanent magnet by varying the space to determine the position of the largest magnetic field, where the largest magnetic field is found in 2 magnetic pieces with a diameter of 15 mm with a value of 50.7 gauss. In the coil magnet, manual calculations are carried out, to produce a magnetic field equal to 2 pieces of 15 mm diameter magnet requires a current of 10 amperes
Drivers Behavior at Signalized Intersections with Countdown Timer Reduces Air Pollution by Gender
Authors: Supiyono  , Djakfar Ludfi , Wicaksono Achmad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Air pollution is transported via human conduct [22]. The goal of this study is to determine how drivers behave differently based on their gender at a signalized intersection with a Countdown Timer. The study enrolled 50 individuals who completed a questionnaire and delivered it to Bappeda, the transportation agency, drivers who were extending the KIR (motor vehicle test) at the transportation service, and the general public via Google Form via Whatsapp (Wa). The data were collected using a questionnaire and a Likert scale and analyzed using SPSS 20 and logistic binary regression analysis. The Binary Logistic R2 Nagelkerke model is used to determine the contribution of all independent variables to the dependent variable. The R2 coefficient discovered is 0.157. (15.7 percent). With an R2 score of 15.7%, 84.3 percent of the independent variables remain unexplained. And with an exp (X1) value of 0.463, increasing X1 results in a 0.463 change in Y. As a result, when individuals agree to the yellow light, their likelihood of agreeing to gender influence increases by 0.463 times. This conclusion can be used to help stakeholders in developing regulations that need a more thorough evaluation of the use of yellow flame before and after red.