bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial communities associated with silage of different forage crops in Malaysian climate analysed using 16S amplicon metagenomics
Authors: Hisham Minhalina Badrul , Hashim Amalia Mohd , Mohd Hanafi Nursyuhaida , Abdul Rahman Norafizah , Abdul Mutalib Nur Elina , Tan Chun Keat , Nazli Muhamad Hazim , Mohd Yusoff Nur Fatihah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSilage produced in tropical countries is prone to spoilage because of high humidity and temperature. Therefore, determining indigenous bacteria as potential inoculants is important to improve silage quality. This study aimed to determine bacterial community and functional changes associated with ensiling using amplicon metagenomics and to predict potential bacterial additives associated with silage quality in the Malaysian climate. Silages of two forage crops (sweet corn and Napier) were prepared, and their fermentation properties and functional bacterial communities were analysed. After ensiling, both silages were predominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and they exhibited good silage quality with significant increment in lactic acid, reductions in pH and water-soluble carbohydrates, low level of acetic acid and the absence of propionic and butyric acid. LAB consortia consisting of homolactic and heterolactic species were proposed to be the potential bacterial additives for sweet corn and Napier silage fermentation. Tax4fun functional prediction revealed metabolic pathways related to fermentation activities (bacterial division, carbohydrate transport and catabolism, and secondary metabolite production) were enriched in ensiled crops (p < 0.05). These results might suggest active transport and metabolism of plant carbohydrates into a usable form to sustain bacterial reproduction during silage fermentation, yielding metabolic products such as lactic acid. This research has provided a comprehensive understanding of bacterial communities before and after ensiling, which can be useful for desirable silage fermentation in Malaysia.
Mouse lung mechanical properties under varying inflation volumes and cycling frequencies
Authors: Quiros K. A. M. , Nelson T. M. , Sattari S. , Mariano C. A. , Ulu A. , Dominguez E. C. , Nordgren T. M. , Eskandari M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRespiratory pathologies alter the structure of the lung and impact its mechanics. Mice are widely used in the study of lung pathologies, but there is a lack of fundamental mechanical measurements assessing the interdependent effect of varying inflation volumes and cycling frequency. In this study, the mechanical properties of five male C57BL/6J mice (29–33 weeks of age) lungs were evaluated ex vivo using our custom-designed electromechanical, continuous measure ventilation apparatus. We comprehensively quantify and analyze the effect of loading volumes (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 ml) and breathing rates (5, 10, 20 breaths per minute) on pulmonary inflation and deflation mechanical properties. We report means of static compliance between 5.4–16.1 µl/cmH2O, deflation compliance of 5.3–22.2 µl/cmH2O, percent relaxation of 21.7–39.1%, hysteresis of 1.11–7.6 ml•cmH2O, and energy loss of 39–58% for the range of four volumes and three rates tested, along with additional measures. We conclude that inflation volume was found to significantly affect hysteresis, static compliance, starting compliance, top compliance, deflation compliance, and percent relaxation, and cycling rate was found to affect only hysteresis, energy loss, percent relaxation, static compliance and deflation compliance.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optimal scheduling of integrated energy system based on improved grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Du Jun , Zhang Zongnan , Li Menghan , Guo Jing , Zhu Kongge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe optimal scheduling problem of integrated energy system (IES) has the characteristics of high-dimensional nonlinearity. Using the traditional Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) to solve the problem, it is easy to fall into a local optimum in the process of optimization, resulting in a low-quality scheduling scheme. Aiming at the dispatchability of electric and heat loads, this paper proposes an electric and heat comprehensive demand response model considering the participation of dispatchers. On the basis of incentive demand response, the group aggregation model of electrical load is constructed, and the electric load response model is constructed with the goal of minimizing the deviation between the dispatch signal and the load group aggregation characteristic model. Then, a heat load scheduling model is constructed according to the ambiguity of the human body's perception of temperature. On the basis of traditional GWO, the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is used to group wolves, which increases the diversity of the population, uses the Harris Hawk Optimizer (HHO) to design the prey to search for the best escape position, and reduces the local The optimal probability, and the use of Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) and Bat Optimizer (BO) to design the moving modes of different positions, increase the ability to find the global optimum, so as to obtain an Improved Gray Wolf Optimizer (IGWO), and then efficiently solve the model. IGWO can improve the defect of insufficient population diversity in the later stage of evolution, so that the population diversity can be better maintained during the entire evolution process. While taking into account the speed of optimization, it improves the algorithm's ability to jump out of the local optimum and realizes continuous deep search. Compared with the traditional intelligent Optimizer, IGWO has obvious improvement and achieved better results. At the same time, the comprehensive demand response that considers the dispatcher's desired signal improves the accommodation of new energy and reduces the operating cost of the system, and promotes the benign interaction between the source and the load.
Experimental observations of the effects of intermolecular Van der Waals force on entropy
Authors: Marko Matthew David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn experimental effort was conducted to measure the change in internal energy of non-ideal carbon dioxide as its volume rapidly expanded with the sudden opening of a valve from one to two compressed gas cylinders. This was achieved by measuring the mass heat capacity of the gas cylinders and the manifold-valve, and measuring the change in temperature from the sudden doubling of volume of the non-ideal carbon dioxide. It was determined that an empirical equation for the change in internal energy of a non-ideal fluid was more accurate than previous methods used for estimating the change in internal energy by estimating the change in entropy. With this empirical equation, a theoretical ideal Stirling cycle heat engine that exceeds the Carnot efficiency was realized by utilizing non-ideal carbon dioxide as a working fluid.
The Correlation Between Perceptual Ratings and Nasalance Scores in Resonance Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Yilan , Lee Sue Ann S. , Chen Wenjun 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Assessment of resonance characteristics is essential in research and clinical practice in individuals with velopharyngeal impairment. The purpose of this study was to systematically review correlations between auditory-perceptual ratings and nasalance scores obtained by a nasometer in individuals with resonance disorders and to identify factors that affected the correlations between these two measures.

Method:
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic search was conducted for studies reporting a correlation between nasality ratings and nasalance scores using six electronic databases based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:

A total of 27 studies were included in this systematic review. Characteristics of study components including participants, types of assessment and stimuli, correlation coefficients, and reliability values of each study were identified, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. The methodological quality of each study was also appraised. The correlation level between nasalance values and nasality ratings varied from nonsignificant to strong (
r
= .92). The quality rating scores of the selected studies ranged from 44% to 94%, with an average score of 75%.

Discussion:
Factors that did or did not affect the varied correlation between nasality ratings and nasalance scores were discussed. Speech stimuli and the listeners' background were associated with correlations between the two measures. In addition, the sex of the speakers could be a factor affecting its correlation. However, the types of perceptual scales and listening conditions did not influence its correlations between the two measures.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19653207
Pulsar scintillation studies with LOFAR
Authors: Wu Ziwei , Verbiest Joris P. W. , Main Robert A. , Grießmeier Jean-Mathias , Liu Yulan , Osłowski Stefan , Moochickal Ambalappat Krishnakumar , Nielsen Ann-Sofie Bak , Künsemöller Jörn , Donner Julian Y. , Tiburzi Caterina , Porayko Nataliya , Serylak Maciej , Künkel Lars , Brüggen Marcus , Vocks Christian 
Published: May 2022

Context. Interstellar scintillation (ISS) of pulsar emission can be used both as a probe of the ionized interstellar medium (IISM) and cause corruptions in pulsar timing experiments. Of particular interest are so-called scintillation arcs which can be used to measure time-variable interstellar scattering delays directly, potentially allowing high-precision improvements to timing precision.
Aims. The primary aim of this study is to carry out the first sizeable and self-consistent census of diffractive pulsar scintillation and scintillation-arc detectability at low frequencies, as a primer for larger-scale IISM studies and pulsar-timing related propagation studies with the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) High Band Antennae (HBA).
Methods. We use observations from five international LOFAR stations and the LOFAR core in the Netherlands. We analyze the 2D auto-covariance function of the dynamic spectra of these observations to determine the characteristic bandwidth and timescale of the ISS toward the pulsars in our sample and investigate the 2D power spectra of the dynamic spectra to determine the presence of scintillation arcs.
Results. In this initial set of 31 sources, 15 allow for the full determination of the scintillation properties; nine of these show detectable scintillation arcs at 120–180 MHz. Eight of the observed sources show unresolved scintillation; and the final eight do not display diffractive scintillation. Some correlation between scintillation detectability and pulsar brightness and a dispersion measure is apparent, although no clear cut-off values can be determined. Our measurements across a large fractional bandwidth allow a meaningful test of the frequency scaling of scintillation parameters, uncorrupted by influences from refractive scintillation variations.
Conclusions. Our results indicate the powerful advantage and great potential of ISS studies at low frequencies and the complex dependence of scintillation detectability on parameters such as pulsar brightness and interstellar dispersion. This work provides the first installment of a larger-scale census and longer-term monitoring of ISS effects at low frequencies.
Editorial
Authors: Peters Stefan , Streber René 
Published: May 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,dieses Heft widmet sich einem Thema, das uns alle betrifft: der Gesundheitskompetenz.
Als Gesundheits- wie Bewegungsfachberuf treibt uns die Frage um, wie wir die
Gesundheitskompetenz von Personen stärken und die entsprechenden
Rahmenbedingungen herstellen können, um Personen in die Lage zu versetzen,
im Alltag wie im Gesundheitssystem so agieren zu können, dass es sich
positiv auf die Gesundheit auswirkt.
Interactions among Variables in the P300 Response to a Continuous Performance Task
Authors: Salamat Mimi Τ. , McPherson David L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of variable interstimulus intervals (ISIs) on behavioral reaction time (RT) and on the latency and amplitude of the auditory P300 using an auditory continuous performance task (ACPT) paradigm. Twenty subjects were instructed to respond to common stimuli and ignore a rare stimulus. Common stimuli were 1000-, 1500-, and 2000-Hz pure tones. The rare stimulus was a 250-Hz pure tone. ISIs of 1, 2, and 4 seconds were used for this investigation. A significant correlation between ISI, reaction time, P300 latency, correct rejections, and false alarm rates was found. A significant correlation between P300 latency, Ρ amplitude, correct rejections, and false alarm rates was also observed. Likewise, a statistically significant increase in reaction time (RT) was observed as ISI increased. The ACPT paradigm in conjunction with the auditory P300 response can measure both behavioral and electrophysiologic changes that occur during active auditory attention and auditory cognitive processing tasks.
Abbreviations: ACPT = auditory continuous performance task, ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, AERP = auditory event-related potential, CAPD = central auditory processing disorder, CCPT = Conner's continuous performance task, CPT = continuous performance task, ISI = interstimulus interval, RT = reaction time, VCPT = visual continuous performance task, VERP = visual event-related potential
Mismatch Negativity to Acoustic Differences Not Differentiated Behaviorally
Authors: Dalebout Susan D. , Stack Janet W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMismatch negativity (MMN) reportedly reflects the neurophysiologic detection of acoustic differences, rather than the phonemic categorization of speech sounds. The purpose of the present study was to determine if it is elicited by speech contrasts that are acoustically different but are not differentiated by listeners in behavioral tasks. Experimental stimuli were drawn from a synthetically generated continuum that varied in place of articulation from /da/ to /ga/. Contrasts used to elicit MMN were (a) the continuum endpoints, (b) the two-step contrast that straddled each listener's categorical boundary, and (c) a within-category contrast that was not behaviorally differentiated by any of the listeners. MMN responses were elicited by all three experimental contrasts. It appears that MMN may be an index of the neurophysiology underlying the ability or inability to discriminate the acoustic parameters necessary for speech perception, rather than a neurophysiologic correlate of behavioral speech discrimination ability. However, limitations involving identification of MMN in the responses of individual listeners confounded this interpretation.
Abbreviations: 1–9 contrast = contrast between stimulus continuum endpoints, 7–9 contrast = contrast between steps 7 and 9 on the stimulus continuum, Cz = vertex, F1-F5 = first through fifth formants, Fz = 30 percent of the distance between nasion and inion at the midline, listener MAX = the two-step stimulus contrast that was discriminated best by each listener, MMN = mismatch negativity
Water use efficiency in Western Australian cropping systems
Authors: Harries Martin , Flower Ken C. , Renton Michael , Anderson Geoffrey C. 
Published: May 2022

Rotations and associated management practices in rainfed farming systems of southwest Australia have shifted towards intensified cropping. Survey data from 184 fields spanning 14 Mha of southwest Australia were used to document water use efficiency (WUE) and water-limited yield potential (WLYP) of commercial crops and crop sequences and identify biophysical variables influencing WUE. WUE achieved in commercial wheat crops was 10.7 kg grain/ha.mm. Using a boundary function Ywl = 25 × (WU − 45), farmers achieved 54% of WLYP. Climate variables affected WUE more than management and biotic variates, the highest latitude region having WUE of 9.0 kg grain/ha.mm, compared to 11.8 kg grain/ha.mm for regions further south. Increased soil nitrogen and nitrogen fertiliser increased WUE, as did sowing earlier; in keeping with farmers in southern Australia sowing crops earlier and trebling fertiliser nitrogen usage since 1990. Wheat yield and WUE increased a small amount after break crop or pasture (12.5 kg grain/ha.mm) compared to wheat grown after wheat (11.2 kg grain/ha.mm), due to good weed and root pathogen control, and high fertiliser nitrogen application. However, WUE of wheat declined to 8.4 kg grain/ha.mm when more than three wheat crops were grown in succession. Farmers continue to improve WUE with increased inputs and new technologies replacing some traditional functions of break crops and pasture. However, break crops and pastures are still required within the rotation to maintain WUE and break effects need to be measured over several years.
-Carnitine improves follicular survival and function in ovarian grafts in the mouse
Authors: Sanamiri Khadijeh , Soleimani Mehranjani Malek , Shahhoseini Maryam , Shariatzadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2022

Context Ovarian tissue transplantation is performed to preserve fertility in patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the ischemia-reperfusion injury which occurs after the ovarian tissue transplantation causes follicular depletion and apoptosis. l-Carnitine has antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties. Aims Therefore, we aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of l-carnitine on mouse ovaries following heterotopic autotransplantation. Methods Mice were randomly divided into three groups (six mice per group): control, autografted and autografted + l-carnitine (200 mg/kg daily intraperitoneal injections). Seven days after ovary autografting, the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were measured. Ovary histology, serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol were also measured 28 days after autotransplantation. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test, and the means were considered significantly different at P < 0.05. Key results In the autografted + l-carnitine group, the total volume of the ovary, the volume of the cortex, the number of follicles, the serum concentrations of IL-10, estradiol and progesterone significantly increased compared to the autografted group. In the autografted + l-carnitine group, serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA were significantly decreased compared to the autografted group. Conclusions Our results indicated that l-carnitine can ameliorate the consequences of ischemia-reperfusion on the mice ovarian tissue following autotransplantation. Implications l-carnitine improves the structure and function of transplanted ovaries.
Individual and network factors associated with HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in resource-limited settings in China
Authors: Yang Xing , Jiang Li , Fang Ting , Huang Jiegang , Tan Sumin , Lu Chunyan , Zhu Jiawen , Huang Haimei , Wang Min , Zhang Yun , Liang Hao , Cen Ping , Ning Chuanyi 
Published: May 2022

Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a potential strategy to overcome challenges of HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, for resource-limited settings, technology and diagnostic devices are lagging. Hence, we estimated the status and correlates of HIVST among MSM in resource-limited settings in China to inform the development of HIVST to reach United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) targets to end HIV by 2030. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM in Nanning, Guangxi, China, between August 2019 and January 2020. The HIVST status was collected and data on social network features, sociodemographic information, risk behaviours, etc. were compared between prior- and non-HIVST MSM. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the correlates of HIVST. Results The prevalence of HIVST among 446 MSM was 40.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35.8–44.9%). The main component of sociocentric network contains more prior-HIVST MSM (38.3%) than non-HIVST MSM (28.6%, P = 0.031). More MSM with individual features such as substance use during anal sex (22.8% vs 15.4%, P = 0.049) and multiple sexual partners (76.1% vs 59.4%, P < 0.001) were detected among prior-HIVST MSM. In multivariable analysis, prior HIVST was associated with the strong strength of ego-alter ties in the egocentric network (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.72; 95% CI 1.09–2.71), HIV-infected partners (aOR, 7.17; 95% CI, 1.40–36.60), and vaginal intercourse (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17–0.85). Conclusions HIVST coverage among MSM in resource-limited settings is suboptimal. Integrating social networks into testing services may be viable to promote HIVST in MSM within resource-limited settings.
A novel regulatory gene promotes novel cell fate by suppressing ancestral fate in the sea anemoneNematostella vectensis
Authors: Babonis Leslie S. , Enjolras Camille , Ryan Joseph F. , Martindale Mark Q. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceIn this study, we demonstrate how a new cell type can arise through duplication of an ancestral cell type followed by functional divergence of the new daughter cell. Specifically, we show that stinging cells in a cnidarian (namely, a sea anemone) emerged by duplication of an ancestral neuron followed by inhibition of the RFamide neuropeptide it once secreted. This finding is evidence that stinging cells evolved from a specific subtype of neurons and suggests other neuronal subtypes may have been coopted for other novel secretory functions.
Garnet secondary ion mass spectrometry oxygen isotopes reveal crucial roles of pulsed magmatic fluid and its mixing with meteoric water in lode gold genesis
Authors: Fan Gao-Hua , Li Jian-Wei , Valley John W. , Scicchitano Maria Rosa , Brown Philip E. , Yang Jin-Hui , Robinson Paul T. , Deng Xiao-Dong , Wu Ya-Fei , Li Zhan-Ke , Gao Wen-Sheng , Li Si-Yuan , Zhao Shao-Rui 
Published: May 2022

Significance
There is a common consensus that lode gold deposits mostly precipitated from metamorphic fluids via fluid boiling and/or fluid–rock interaction, but whether magmatic hydrothermal fluids and the mixing of such fluids with an external component have played a vital role in the formation of lode gold deposits remains elusive. We use garnet secondary ion mass spectrometry oxygen isotope analysis to demonstrate that the world-class Dongping lode gold deposit has been formed by multiple pulses of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and their mixing with large volumes of meteoric water. This study opens an opportunity to tightly constrain the origin of lode gold deposits worldwide and other hydrothermal systems that may have generated giant ore deposits in the Earth’s crust.
Autistic traits, working memory, and L2 prosodic boundary detection
Authors: Kuo Chen-Hsiu Grace 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aims to examine the roles of second language (L2) learners’autistic traitsandworking memory capacityin detecting prosodic boundaries. Forty-six learners of English with Mandarin as their native language completed questionnaires on personality and cognitive assessment – an Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaire (AQ) and a Working Memory questionnaire (WM). They also completed a Rapid Prosody Transcription (RPT) task in which they were asked to mark prosodic boundaries produced by Barack Obama in recordings of his Weekly Address. The results revealed that autistic traits and working memory capacity were positively correlated with each other, andattention to detailwas the primary predictor for the detection ofboundary tones. These findings provide insight into L2 learners’ detection of prosodic boundaries along the autistic traits and working memory capacity continuum and further indicate that EFL instructions should take individual differences into consideration when assessing L2 learners’ performance in listening or comprehension tasks.