bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenge of relating the Kasimovian to west European chronostratigraphy: a critical review of the Cantabrian and Barruelian substages of the Stephanian Stage
Authors: Knight John A. , Cleal Christopher J. , Álvarez-Vázquez Carmen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

For the west European regional chronostratigraphic framework, the Cantabrian substage was conceived as covering a widely apparent stratigraphic gap between the top of the Westphalian and the base of Stephanian A, the lowest unit of the Stephanian. A continuous depositional history covers this time gap in the Cantabrian region of Spain; the upper limit of this interval was defined by the succeeding Barruelian substage, equivalent to Stephanian A. Intense tectonic and magmatic activity characterizes this period; the Iberian orogenic belt was an essentially linear feature buckled through the Late Pennsylvanian into the tightly folded Cantabrian Orocline. This evidences an extensive southern foreland to the Variscides, in which the coal-swamp biome persisted through the Late Pennsylvanian, supporting biostratigraphical correlation with the Donbass. New high precision U–Pb CA-ID-TIMS radiometric dating of tonstein horizons supports a preliminary time-framework of regional substages: base of the Asturian (proposed, ex-Westphalian D)
c.
310.7 Ma; base of the Cantabrian
c.
307.5 Ma; base of the Barruelian (ex-Stephanian A)
c.
304.9 Ma; base of the Saberian (proposed)
c.
303.5 Ma. The Cantabrian and Barruelian embrace the entire Kasimovian of the global time-scale, and the top of the Barruelian is essentially coincident with the base of the Gzhelian.
Classification Learning Assisted Biosensor Data Analysis for Preemptive Plant Disease Detection
Authors: S Subramani Selvakumar , P Shakeel Mohamed , Bin Mohd Aboobaider Burhanuddin , Salahuddin Lizawati Binti 
Published: November 2022

In the agricultural sector, identifying plant diseases is crucial as they hamper the plant's robustness and health, which play a vital role in agricultural productivity. Early detection allows farmers to take proper measurements and save crops from complete failure. Biosensor applications in agricultural production and plant monitoring improve the yield through definitive recommendations and improved practices. Fluorescence-based assays, colorimetric biosensors, and surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors are the most commonly used for plant pathogen detection. Plant disease detection is a prime biosensor application for preventing seasonal and cultural defects in raising crops. The sensor data analysis ensures reliable processing for distinguishable features for identifying the disease, wherein discrete information is handled with error. This article introduces a Preemptive Classification using Discrete Data (PC-DD) technique to resolve this issue. This technique requires partial series through probabilistic data substitution to improve the analysis rate. In the analysis process, the classification is performed using random forest based on two combinations: series, difference, and probability. This probability is based on identical data observed through series probability classification in the previous iteration. The unidentical data is classified under difference that is used for individual classification. This process is progressive until the detection is performed, wherein the alterations are adaptable for different biosensor input data. Therefore, the proposed technique's performance is validated using the metrics detection accuracy, analysis ratio, analysis time, classifications, and difference factor.
Gaussian Process Koopman Mode Decomposition
Authors: Kawashima Takahiro , Hino Hideitsu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe propose a nonlinear probabilistic generative model of Koopman mode decomposition based on an unsupervised gaussian process. Existing data-driven methods for Koopman mode decomposition have focused on estimating the quantities specified by Koopman mode decomposition: eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and modes. Our model enables the simultaneous estimation of these quantities and latent variables governed by an unknown dynamical system. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient strategy to estimate the parameters of our model by low-rank approximations of covariance matrices. Applying the proposed model to both synthetic data and a real-world epidemiological data set, we show that various analyses are available using the estimated parameters.
How Does Horizontal Diffusion Influence the Intensification and Maximum Intensity of Numerically Simulated Tropical Cyclones?
Authors: Fei Rong , Wang Yuqing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the sensitivity of simulated tropical cyclone (TC) intensity to horizontal diffusion in numerical models. It is unclear whether such sensitivity comes from the horizontal diffusion in or above the boundary layer. To address this issue, both an Ooyama-type model and a full-physics model are used to conduct sensitivity experiments with reduced or enlarged horizontal mixing length (lh) in the boundary layer and/or in the free atmosphere. Results from both models show that enlarging (reducing) lh throughout the model domain considerably reduces (increases) the TC intensification rate and quasi-steady intensity. A new finding is that changing lh above the boundary layer imposes a much greater influence than that in the boundary layer. Large lh above the boundary layer is found to effectively reduce the radial gradient of tangential wind inside the radius of maximum tangential wind and thus the inward flux of absolute vorticity, reducing the positive tangential wind tendency and the TC intensification rate and the steady-state intensity. In contrast, although larger lh in the boundary layer reduces the boundary layer tangential wind tendency, it also leads to the more inward-penetrated inflow and thus enhances the inward flux of absolute vorticity, which offsets part of the direct negative contribution by horizontal diffusion, making the net change in tangential wind tendency not obvious. Results from three-dimensional simulations also show that the resolved eddies contribute negatively to TC spinup when lh is small, while its effect weakens when lh is enhanced either in or above the boundary layer.
Usability of an mHealth application in India for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Goswami Rekha , Garner Shelby L. , George Carol Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

Objective: Mobile health (mHealth) technologies are a rapidly evolving field in India and are increasingly being used to address noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies have addressed user perceptions of T2DM mHealth applications (apps) in India. The purpose of this study was to determine the usability and compare results of an mHealth app designed to improve T2DM health literacy among specific populations in India. Design: Comparative survey design. Setting: Bengaluru, India. Method: A descriptive comparative design was used. The mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) was used to research the usability of the T2DM mHealth app. Participants ( N = 95) were recruited via email and WhatsApp. They were first asked to use the mHealth app and then complete a usability questionnaire. Results: Participants in the study were mainly single (86.3%), women (95.8%), aged 18–28 years (89.5%), with some college education (63.8%), unemployed (90.5%), living in an urban area (76.8%) and not previously diagnosed with T2DM (93.6%). Mean responses (1 =  disagree; 7 =  agree) ranged from 5.89 ( SD, 1.48) to 6.22 ( SD, 1.42) favouring the app’s usability. Users recommended incorporating more knowledge and information into the app as an idea for improvement. Results showed that there was no significant difference in scores by age, gender, marital status, employment or previous diagnosis rates and responses to the questions. Conclusion: As a result of these findings, we can use the same interface and layout as that used on the mHealth app with more confidence when creating other health education apps. The data revealed areas for improvement in future apps, such as adding more information, additional questions and more language options. Informed by these findings, we may create health literacy apps that are better suited for the user with greater ease of use.
Vocal Cord Gout Nodules: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wang Yan , Ma Rongyue , Ruan Biao , Guo Min 
Published: November 2022

Gout nodules (tophi) are formed by a chronic inflammatory reaction in tissues resulting in deposition of urate crystals. They are commonly seen in joints and surrounding tissues, subcutaneous tissues, as well as the pinna and kidney, and are characteristic manifestations of gout. Vocal cord tophi are rarely reported in the literature, and patients often present with hoarseness, progressive dysphagia, and other symptoms. We report a case of a vocal cord mass found by gastroscopy in a patient with a history of gout for more than 20 years. Postoperative pathological findings were vocal cord tophi. Tophi can have serious consequences and should be included in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal masses in patients with a history of gout. Therapy should involve a combination of systemic uric acid-lowering treatment and surgery to improve symptoms and reduce recurrence.
Thirty-day morbidity and mortality of elective urological surgery in patients aged 80 years and over in a UK district general hospital
Authors: Batura Deepak , Gandhi Akash , Bassett Paul 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: An ageing population has led to many people aged 80 and over requiring urological surgery. There are concerns that operating on octogenarians may be fraught with higher morbidity and mortality risk. Therefore, the purpose was to study postoperative outcomes in people aged 80 years and over undergoing elective urological surgery. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the 30-day readmissions and deaths in patients aged 80 years and over who had elective urological surgery over a seven and half year period from February 2011 to July 2018 in a district general hospital. Surgeries were stratified into minor, intermediate and major. Our data did not include supra-major surgeries like radical cystectomy as these are done in tertiary centres. We used logistic regression to examine factors associated with readmissions and death. Results: A total of 1239 patients had 2201 operations. The median age was 84.1 years. Procedures on the bladder were the most common, followed by prostate surgery. A 17.9% of operations resulted in an adverse outcome (death or readmission attributable to surgery) within 30 days. There were 21 deaths, equating to 1% of all surgeries undertaken. There was a significant difference in both readmissions and deaths by American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade. The median time to readmission from surgery was 18 (IQR 13–23) days. The highest number of readmissions occurred in the third week after surgery. A 94% of the readmissions were for a minor complication (grade I Clavien Dindo), with haematuria and urinary retention being most common. Conclusions: This study informs hospitals, surgeons, patient advocacy groups and insurance, that the morbidity and mortality risks of non-supra major elective urological surgery in patients aged 80 and over are not disproportionately high.
A Modified Regimen of 21-day Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Real-World Study
Authors: Chang Chen , Meng Lingwei , Li Xiaofen , Cheng Ke , Yi Cheng , Peng Bing , Ma Ji , Cao Dan 
Published: November 2022

Background It is 1 of the standard treatment options for metastasis pancreatic cancer to receive nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2) plus gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days. Some patients showed intolerance and inconvenience to this therapeutic regimen. Thus, we conducted this retrospective real-world study to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a modified 21-day nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P/Gem) regimen for the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Methods Patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2) plus gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8 every 21-day at West China Hospital and Shang Jin Hospital of Sichuan University from Mar 2018 to Dec 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics of patients were collected. The progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate, disease control rate, and toxicity were evaluated. Results A total of 113 patients who received the modified regimen of 21-day nab-P/Gem chemotherapy were included. The median overall survival was 9.3 months and the median progression-free survival was 4.4 months. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 18.6% and 56.7%, respectively. The median relative dose intensity for this modified regimen was 65%. The adverse events were mild to moderate, and the most common grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (21%) and leukopenia (16%). Conclusions Our study showed that this modified regimen of 21-day nab-P/Gem for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer had comparable efficacy and tolerable toxicity. This treatment may provide a considerable option for pancreatic cancer patients who desire a modified schedule. The modified regimen of 21-day nab-P/Gem is also an option worth considering during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic for minimizing the number of visits and limiting the risk of exposure.
High antibacterial and antioxidant cotton fabric based on AgNPs@HTCS and hyaluronic acid via lay by lay self-assembly
Authors: Luo Yapei , Liu Zihan , Wang Lili , Zhao Xiaomin , Li Hao , Wu Minghua 
Published: November 2022

The fabrics of health care function have drawn increasing attention. Herein, AgNO3 was in-situ reduced into nano silver (AgNPs) by aloe extract (AVE) as reducing agent to gain AgNPs@hinokitiol-grafted chitosan (AgNPs@HTCS). The antibacterial and antioxidant cotton fabric were fabricated by LBL method using AgNPs@HTCS as positive layer and hyaluronic acid as negative layer. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions of AgNPs@HTCS were as follows: AgNO3 10 mmol/L, HTCS 40 v/v %, AVE 15 mL, 80 °C, 6 h. MIC values of AgNPs@HTCS against S. aureus and E. coli attained 1.7 μg/mL and 5.3 μg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial ratio of cotton fabric reached the maximum 99.9 % at very low concentration of AgNPs@HTCS 0.25 g/L. After 3 LBL layers, the antibacterial properties of functional cotton fabric could withstand the acid or alkali washing. After 25 washing cycles, the antibacterial rate of LBL fabric still maintained above 96 %. Compared with the untreated fabric, antioxidant capacity of LBL functional cotton fabric raised approximately two times. LBL functional cotton fabric still retained the wear performances of the original fabric.
Topical Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid for Moderate to Severe Skin Rash Associated With EGFRIs: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Lu Xingyu , Zhang Xu , Tan Kexin , Li Jia , Cui Huijuan 
Published: November 2022

Background: Skin rash is the most common adverse effect associated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs). The study has observed the efficacy and safety of Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid in the treatment of EGFRIs-related moderate and severe rash. Methods: Patients suffering from EGFRIs-related moderate to severe rash were enrolled and then randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, receiving Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid and placebo liquid respectively combined with minocycline and methylprednisolone recommended by guideline for 14 days. Changes in rash grades were observed, as well as the dosage of minocycline. Blood routine examination and liver and kidney function were evaluated to observe the safety of Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid. The total response of rash included complete response (CR) and partial response (PR). And the effective rate of rash was the percentage of CR and PR in the total cases. Results: A total of 54 out of 58 patients finished the study with 27 patients in each group. The effective rates of rash among the treatment group and the control group were 81.48% and 55.56% after 14 days treatment ( P = .040). The treatment group had a lower dosage of minocycline compared with the control group. The median total dose of oral minocycline administration was 1000 mg in the treatment group and 1400 mg in the control group. Conclusion: Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid can effectively improve the moderate and severe EGFRIs-induced rash, and reduce the use of minocycline, as well as the side reactions brought by minocycline. However, larger randomized controlled trials are needed to verify these findings. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, the registration number is ChiCTR1800017053.
Guessing the sequence of multiple relinings with AFX and nitinol-based cuff: “A riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma”
Authors: Georgakarakos Efstratios , Dimitriadis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2022

Objective Knowing the structural and technical features of both the older and newer aortic endografts is an essential tool to understand off-the-shelf combinations of different devices used to treat challenging abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) anatomies or failures of previous endovascular aneurysm repairs (EVAR). Methods We present a case of a 72-year-old male with history of AAA and evidence of multiple past EVAR interventions who presented with abdominal pain. With no reliable surgical history, we attempted to delineate the types of different endograft parts implanted and the sequence of relining procedure based on plain X-ray projections and combined computed tomography along with intraoperative angiography. Results A tubular endograft was presented with a distal fracture of its endoskeleton, and relined with the same type unibody bifurcate. The latter was extended proximally with an AFX extension of a characteristic radiopaque continuous rim. Angiographic findings intraoperatively excluded the latter as part of the initial procedure. Moreover, an extra nitinol-based cuff was identified centrally. Conclusion In diagnostic challenges involving multiple relining attempts of different endograft parts, careful analysis of the imaging findings, based on knowledge of the structural and technical features of both the older and newer endografts is necessary for proper diagnosis, identification of potential problems and complications and intervention planning, if needed.
How accurate are radiography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of COVID-19?—A Bayesian approach
Authors: Canals Mauricio , Canals Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Background The role of radiology in patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 is evolving with scientific evidence, but there are differences in opinion on when and how the technique should be used for clinical diagnosis. Purpose To estimate the pre-test and post-test probability that a patient has COVID-19 in the event of a positive and/or negative result from chest X-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) radiological studies, comparing with those of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. Methods The literature on the sensitivity and specificity of the chest X-ray, chest CT, and RT-PCR was reviewed. Based on these reported data, the likelihood ratios (LR) were estimated and the pre-test probabilities were related to the post-test probabilities after positive or negative results. Results The chest X-ray has only a confirmatory value in cases of high suspicion. Chest CT analyses showed that when it is used as a general study, it has almost confirmatory value under high clinical suspicion. A chest CT classified with CO-RADS ≥ 4 has almost a diagnostic certainty of COVID-19 even with moderate or low clinical presumptions, and the CO-RADS 5 classification is almost pathognomonic before any clinical presumption. To rule out COVID-19 completely is only possible in very low clinical assumptions with negative RT-PCR and/or CT. Conclusions Chest X-ray and especially CT are fast studies that have the capacity to report high probability of COVID-19, being a real contribution to the concept of “probable case” and allowing support to be installed in an early and timely manner.
Antifungal Properties of Zataria multiflora on Candida species: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shafaroudi Ali Malekzadeh , Gorji Nadia Elyassi , Nasiri Pegah , Javidnia Javad , Saravi Mohammad Ebrahimi 
Published: November 2022

Background and purpose Candida infections have increased significantly in the antimicrobial resistance era, and synthetic antifungal drugs have limitations. The present work aimed to review the antifungal properties of Zataria multiflora ( Z. multiflora) as an herbal remedy. Method PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SID, Civilica, and Magiran databases were searched for the antifungal activity on in vitro, in vivo, dental biofilm, and clinical studies of Z. multiflora on Candida species. Results Overall, 33 articles evaluated the effect of Z. multiflora on Candida species and classified them into four groups, as follows in vitro (23), dental biofilm (6), in vivo (2), and clinical studies (3). All studies considered Z. multiflora effective in reducing or even inhibiting the growth of Candida species. NoMFC significant differences were seen in the effect of Z. multiflora on susceptible Candida compared to the resistant groups of Candida in the studies. It was also influential in inhibiting C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. kefyer, and C. zeylanoides. Conclusion Considering the side effects and resistance of current antifungal drugs as well as the benefits of using herbal medicines, such as lower cost, less likely to develop drug resistance, the absence of side effects, and toxicity compared with chemical ones, it is possible as a powerful alternative to replace or combine with the current antifungal for Candida infection therapy along with other therapies.