bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat availability alters the relative risk of a bovine tuberculosis breakdown in the aftermath of a commercial forest clearfell disturbance
Authors: Murphy Kilian J. , Morera‐Pujol Virginia , Ryan Eoin , Byrne Andrew W. , Breslin Philip , Ciuti Simone 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Human modification of landscapes and associated disturbances may facilitate the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. Policy‐makers need better understanding of the link between anthropogenic disturbances and wildlife disease hosts at the interface of human society and the natural environment, for example agriculture, forestry and aquaculture. Empirical research is strongly needed for the control of novel zoonoses which might emerge, as well as the management of existing zoonoses with significant economic repercussions such as bovine tuberculosis (bTB).

We aimed to examine the link between ecological disturbance and relative bTB risk using Ireland as a case study. We analysed clearfell forestry operations and assessed bTB breakdowns within cattle farms across different spatio‐temporal scales over multiple years, examining how ecological conditions may modulate this relationship using conditional logistic regression models.

We found a significant effect of the interaction between the extent of clearfell forestry removed and the extent of natural grassland and mixed forestry present on relative bTB risk. This interaction was dynamic, leading to an increase or decrease of the relative bTB risk depending on where (between 2 and 6 km from the farm) and when (between 0 and 36 months prior to the bTB outbreak) the clearfell operations occurred.

Our study provides empirical evidence of the link between mechanised forestry operations and fluctuating relative bTB risk in cattle farms, although the mechanism behind it is yet to be elucidated. Given our data, we hypothesise that wildlife hosts may abandon the area subjected to clearfell when disturbance is highest (during active operations and shortly afterward) but are subsequently attracted back to the site as they regenerate, potentially affecting the contact rates with livestock and thus, relative bTB risk.

Synthesis and applications. Our analysis demonstrates that landscape modification is correlated with a change in relative bovine tuberculosis (bTB) risk that is dynamic in time and space. Understanding that the effect of landscape change is transient allows managers to understand the risk for neighbouring farms and inform policy accordingly. Landscape‐level studies are necessary to unveil subtle‐ecological processes, shifting research and management efforts away from cattle herd‐centric policy and toward macroecological surveillance of wildlife hosts and longitudinal assessment of bTB risk.
The socio‐economic gradient of cognitive test scores: evidence from two cohorts of Irish children
Authors: Madden David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is a well‐established socio‐economic gradient in child cognitive test scores. This gradient emerges at early ages, with some evidence that it can widen as children age. We investigate this phenomenon with two longitudinal cohorts of Irish children who take such tests at ages ranging from 9 months to 17 years, using maternal education and equivalised income as our measure of socio‐economic resources. The gradient is observed from the age of 3 with tentative evidence that it widens as children get older. We have evidence on a wide range of tests and there is some evidence that the gradient is slightly stronger for tests involving crystalised as opposed to fluid intelligence. Exploiting the longitudinal nature of the data, we also investigate mobility across the distribution of test scores, with some evidence that such mobility is less among poorer children, which raises the disturbing possibility that such children could become trapped in low achievement.
Lipid variability and risk of microvascular complications in Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial: A post hoc analysis
Authors: Hukportie Daniel Nyarko , Li Fu‐Rong , Zhou Rui , Zheng Jia‐Zhen , Wu Xiao‐Xiang , Zou Meng‐Chen , Wu Xian‐Bo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGreater lipid variability may cause adverse health events among diabetic patients. We aimed to examine the effect of lipid variability on the risk of diabetic microvascular outcomes among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.MethodsWe assessed the association between visit‐to‐visit variability (measured by variability independent of mean) in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride, and remnant cholesterol (RC) measurements among participants involved in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study and the risk of incident microvascular outcomes, including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThere were 2400, 2470, and 2468 cases of nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy during a follow‐up period of 22 600, 21 542, and 26 701 person‐years, respectively. Higher levels of HDL, triglyceride, and RC variability were associated with an increased risk of incident nephropathy and neuropathy. Compared with the lowest quartile, the fully adjusted HRs (95% CI) for the highest quartile of HDL, triglyceride, and RC variability for nephropathy risk were 1.57 (1.22, 2.01), 1.50 (1.18, 1.92), and 1.40 (1.09, 1.80), respectively; and for neuropathy, the corresponding risks were 1.36 (1.05, 1.75), 1.47 (1.14, 1.91), and 1.35 (1.04, 1.74), respectively. Null association was observed between LDL variability and all microvascular complications. Additionally, all associations of variability in the other lipids with retinopathy risk were null.ConclusionAmong individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HDL, triglyceride, and RC variability were associated with increased risks of nephropathy and neuropathy but not retinopathy. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov., no. NCT00000620.
Identification and quantification of chimeric sequencing reads in a highly multiplexed RAD‐seq protocol
Authors: Martin Cerezo Maria Luisa , Raval Rohan , de Haro Reyes Bernardo , Kucka Marek , Chan Frank Yingguang , Bryk Jarosław 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHighly multiplexed approaches have become common in genomic studies. They have improved the cost‐effectiveness of genotyping hundreds of individuals using combinatorially barcoded adapters. These strategies, however, can potentially misassigned reads to incorrect samples. Here, we used a modified quaddRAD protocol to analyse the occurrence of index hopping and PCR chimeras in a series of experiments with up to 100 multiplexed samples per sequencing lane (639 samples in total). We created two types of sequencing libraries: four libraries of type A, where PCRs were run on individual samples before multiplexing, and three libraries of type B, where PCRs were run on pooled samples. We used fixed pairs of inner barcodes to identify chimeric reads. Type B libraries show a higher percentage of misassigned reads (1.15%) than type A libraries (0.65%). We also quantify the commonly undetectable chimeric sequences that occur whenever multiplexed groups of samples with different outer barcodes are sequenced together on a single flow cell. Our results suggest that these types of chimeric sequences represent up to 1.56% and 1.29% of reads in type A and B libraries, respectively. We also show that increasing the number of mismatches allowed for barcode rescue to above 2 dramatically increases the number of recovered chimeric reads. We provide recommendations for developing highly multiplexed RAD‐seq protocols and analysing the resulting data to minimize the generation of chimeric sequences, allowing their quantification and a finer control on the number of PCR cycles necessary to generate enough input DNA for library preparation.
Two‐year efficacy of SNK01 plus pembrolizumab for non‐small cell lung cancer: Expanded observations from a phase I/IIa randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Hyung Jun , Kim Yong Man , Jung Jae Seob , Ji Wonjun , Lee Jae Cheol , Choi Chang‐Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundA previous trial showed that autologous ex‐vivo expanded NK cell (SNK01) treatment combined with pembrolizumab showed better efficacy than pembrolizumab monotherapy in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was a 2‐year follow‐up of that previous study to determine the long‐term efficacy of the combination treatment.MethodsThis trial included 20 patients with advanced NSCLC with a PD‐L1 tumor proportion score of 1% or greater who failed prior to front‐line platinum‐based therapy. The patients received pembrolizumab with low‐dose SNK01 (2 × 109 cells/dose) or high‐dose SNK01 (4 × 109 cells/dose), or pembrolizumab monotherapy. The primary study endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsTwo patients were excluded following serious adverse events. Among the 11 patients who died, five were from the NK groups (41.6%, n = 5/12), and six received pembrolizumab monotherapy (100%, n = 6/6). The estimated 2‐year survival rate was 58.3% versus 16.7% (pembrolizumab plus SNK01 vs. pembrolizumab monotherapy). The hazard ratio of pembrolizumab plus SNK01 compared with pembrolizumab monotherapy was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.1, 1.08, p‐value: 0.066). Although the median PFS was significantly higher in the pembrolizumab plus SNK01 group than in the pembrolizumab alone group, OS and PFS did not differ statistically between patients who received low doses of NK cells and those who received high doses of NK cells.ConclusionsAutologous NK cells can enhance the long‐term OS and PFS for NSCLC. A larger study is needed to confirm this result.Clinical Research Information Service number: KCT0003463.
Young transgenic hMTH1 mice are protected against dietary fat‐induced metabolic stress—implications for enhanced longevity
Authors: Marcon Francesca , Meschini Roberta , Iorio Egidio , Palleschi Simonetta , De Luca Gabriele , Siniscalchi Ester , Conti Luigi , Chirico Mattea , Pisanu Maria Elena , De Battistis Francesca , Rossi Barbara , Minoprio Anna , Giuliani Alessandro , Karran Peter , Bignami Margherita 
Published: June 2022

AbstracthMTH1 protects against mutation during oxidative stress. It degrades 8‐oxodGTP to exclude potentially mutagenic oxidized guanine from DNA. hMTH1 expression is linked to ageing. Its downregulation in cultured cells accelerates RAS‐induced senescence, and its overexpression in hMTH1‐Tg mice extends lifespan. In this study, we analysed the effects of a brief (5 weeks) high‐fat diet challenge (HFD) in young (2 months old) and adult (7 months old) wild‐type (WT) and hMTH1‐Tg mice. We report that at 2 months, hMTH1 overexpression ameliorated HFD‐induced weight gain, changes in liver metabolism related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. It prevented DNA damage as quantified by a comet assay. At 7 months old, these HFD‐induced effects were less severe and hMTH1‐Tg and WT mice responded similarly. hMTH1 overexpression conferred lifelong protection against micronucleus induction, however. Since the canonical activity of hMTH1 is mutation prevention, we conclude that hMTH1 protects young mice against HFD by reducing genome instability during the early period of rapid growth and maximal gene expression. hMTH1 protection is redundant in the largely non‐growing, differentiated tissues of adult mice. In hMTH1‐Tg mice, expression of a less heavily mutated genome throughout life provides a plausible explanation for their extended longevity.
The prevalence for the risk of serious infection in hypothermic infants ≤ 60 days: A systematic review
Authors: Delaney Kristen M. , Bober Jacqueline G. , Koos Jessica A. , Hom Jeffrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTemperature abnormalities in infants may be a sign of a serious infection (SI) and there is literature regarding the workup of the febrile infant to help guide management. The prevalence of SIs in hypothermic infants and the development of established guidelines for this population has not been established. Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of SI in hypothermic infants who are 60 days old or younger presenting to the emergency department (ED). In addition, we calculated the prevalence of SI by organ system and identified its microorganism.MethodsWe performed a systematic review by searching the literature in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL. We limited our search to infants ≤ 60 days with a rectal temperature <36.5°C who presented to the ED. We defined SI as bacteremia, urinary tract infection (UTI), meningitis, herpes simplex virus infections, or pneumonia. We calculated the prevalence of SI. Quality of studies and bias was assessed using QUADAS‐2. Our study was registered with PROSPERO, 2020 CRD42020153477.ResultsWe identified 1242 articles from our initial search in December 2019 followed by a second search in February 2021 to capture any recent publications. We identified four studies meeting our inclusion criteria. We estimated the prevalence of SI as 4.86% (95% confidence Interval [CI] 1.97–8.82) for infants ≤ 60 days old. In a subgroup analysis of infants ≤ 28 days (n = 16/374), we estimated the prevalence of SI as 5.15 (95% CI 0.95–12.0). The most common source for SI was UTI, with a prevalence of 2.16% (95% CI 1.18–3.60).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of SI was 4.86% in hypothermic young infants ≤ 60 days old presenting to the ED. Infants ≤ 28 days had a slightly higher prevalence of 5.15%. The most common source for serious bacterial infection was UTI.
Permanent pacing in a very long‐term follow‐up after orthotopic heart transplantation: A matter of when or why?
Authors: Alyaydin Emyal , Pogoda Christian , Dell'Aquila Angelo , Frommeyer Gerrit , Sindermann Juergen R. , Reinecke Holger , Tuleta Izabela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is associated with a high incidence of conduction disturbances (CD) leading to permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. However, the improved posttransplant survival raises the question about the pacemaker dependence (PD) in a prolonged follow‐up.HypothesisThe prevalence of PPM in OHT is high but not all patients are PD in a very long‐term follow‐up. Device implantation has no prognostic relevance.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patient medical records focusing on device interrogation data at the most recent follow‐up.ResultsThe study population consisted of 183 patients with a mean follow‐up of 15.0 ± 6.8 years. One‐fourth of the patients had undergone PPM implantation (n = 49, 26.8%). Among these, two‐thirds were PD at last follow‐up (n = 32, 65.3%). PPM was more often in biatrial OHT and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.26–7.29, p = .013 and OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.03–3.87, p = .041, respectively). Early sinus node dysfunction (SND) was the most persistent CD. PPM was associated with a poorer outcome in OHT (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.06–3.46, p = .031) and a higher rate of fatal septicemia (HR 5.1, 95% CI 1.41–18.14, p = .013).ConclusionsOne‐fourth of the OHT recipients develop CD requiring PPM implantation, although one‐third among these are not PD in follow‐up. Early SND is associated with a higher rate of PD. PPM is associated with an inferior prognosis.
“What is Our City Doing for Us?”: Placing Collective Care into Atlanta’s Post‐Public Housing Movements
Authors: Rodriguez Akira Drake 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThroughout the 20th century, housing movements in Atlanta were anchored by public housing tenant associations and a politics that materially and spatially addressed intersectional issues of discrimination in employment, welfare, education, and housing. I argue the strategies and outcomes of these movements collectivised, embedded, and placed Anneli Anttonen and Jorma Sipilä’s “care capital”—or an expansion of resources for care—in bell hooks’ “homeplaces”, for those marginalised both in social welfare policies and urban politics. Following the loss of over 7,000 public housing units in Atlanta, tenant associations’ care politics and the residents served were displaced and disembedded from the revitalised city. Using archival data, semi‐structured individual and group interviews, and observation of tenant organising meetings, this work examines how care politics are materially and spatially situated across housing movement geographies through Black resistance strategies to collectivise and embed care capital for a broader public.
A comparative review of the epidemiology of mental disorders in Australia and India
Authors: Pai Nagesh , Vella Shae‐Leigh , Castle David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMental illness and substance use disorders have been increasing worldwide. Mental illness has a significant impact upon the lives of the individual as well as their loved ones. Mental disorders are known to result in a high level of disability. This article provides a comparative review of the epidemiology of mental disorders in Australia and India, summarizing and comparing prevalence rates in both countries based upon available data. Overall, it is evident that Australia has higher prevalence rates of mental disorders than India, across most diagnostic groups. Australia has the highest prevalence of anxiety disorders whereas India has the highest prevalence of substance use disorders; including tobacco use disorders. The next most prevalent mental disorders in India are depressive disorders. However, there are demographic parameters such as gender and age as well as service‐provision differences across the countries that need to be factored into any interpretation of the data. There are also problems associated with different diagnostic instruments with language and cultural nuances that may impact comparisons. We suggest that a joint epidemiological survey between the two countries would help better understand and delineate the key similarities pertaining to the epidemiology of mental disorders in Australia and India. This will in turn assist with the development of policy and treatment of mental disorders.
The archaeological and scientific analysis of blue‐decorated ceramics in the Tang and Song dynasties
Authors: Zhang Yun , Pollard A. Mark 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews studies of Tang and Song blue‐and‐white porcelains, both archaeologically and scientifically, based on published data, and compares blue‐and‐white withsancai, which represents the earliest use of cobalt pigment in Chinese ceramics. Thirty‐nine Tang blue‐and‐white wares and seven Song wares have been excavated from city sites, kilns, a tomb, a shipwreck, and pagodas. These findings identify Tang blue‐and‐white as export ware related to the Maritime Silk Road or suggest it was produced for international merchants and visitors in China for daily use or personal collection. Also, the results reflected the connection with Buddhist culture. All Tang and Song blue‐and‐white are vessels and the motifs on them are plants, insects, a child, geometric and combination patterns. Palmette and lozenge motifs show the influence of Middle Eastern taste. Additionally, we reanalyse and discuss the previous scientific evidence of Tang and Song blue‐and‐white, including body, glaze, and cobalt pigment to reveal the origin of materials and technology of Tang blue‐and‐white porcelain. The raw pigment of Tang blue‐and‐white was possibly inherited fromsancai, probably from the Middle East, and the biscuit body and high‐fired clear lime glaze were provided by white porcelain. Song blue‐and‐white may utilise native cobalt ore, which possibly was from Zhejiang.
Spatio‐temporal patterns in the abundance of active terrestrial leeches in a Malaysian rainforest
Authors: Jambari Asrulsani , Nakabayashi Miyabi , Numata Shinya , Hosaka Tetsuro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTerrestrial leeches can be useful tools for wildlife assessment. However, limited information is available on their fundamental ecology, such as temporal activity patterns and habitat preferences in tropical rainforests. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the temporal (diel and seasonal) and spatial patterns of active leech abundance and identify abiotic and biotic factors (abundance of potential hosts) involved in shaping the abundance patterns at Endau Rompin National Park (ERNP) in southern peninsular Malaysia. We conducted surveys on the relative abundance of active brown leeches (Haemadipsa sp.) at 99 sampling points repeatedly over 18 months, and installed camera traps to quantify the relative abundance of wildlife and humans at 24 of the sampling points. Although no consistent diel and seasonal patterns were observed in leech relative abundance, the abundance showed a strong positive correlation with air humidity at the sampling time. Similarly, the spatial pattern of leech relative abundance was positively correlated with air humidity and proximity to the nearest river at the sampling sites. The mean relative abundance of active leeches was 2–3 times higher on trails than off trails. However, there was no significant correlation between relative abundance of leeches and that of wildlife and humans on trails. Therefore, leech abundance was largely determined by air humidity rather than host abundance, suggesting the difficulty of its use as an indicator of wildlife abundance at fine spatial scales. Instead, utilizing the sensitivity of leeches to drier environments, terrestrial leeches could be useful as an indicator of intact tropical rainforests.Abstract in Malay is available with online material.
Long lifespan and optimal recurrent education
Authors: Momota Akira 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper theoretically investigates the effect of increased longevity on years of schooling and work. I consider a situation in which individuals have opportunities for recurrent education by assuming that the transition from schooling to work is reversible. I find that setting aside a period of time for recurrent education is optimal for individuals when the lifespan is longer than a certain threshold number of years. When the lifespan is longer than the threshold, as the lifespan increases, both the total schooling years and the working years increase and the lifetime income increases. However, the marginal effect of a rise in lifespan on the lifetime income decreases significantly when recurrent education occurs.
Locating federalism: Non‐financial assets and public policy in Canada
Authors: Sayers Anthony , Alcantara Christopher , Armstrong David A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScholars who study centralization and decentralization in Canada usually rely on the distribution of authority and financial/human resources to identify transfers of “power to” and “power over” among different levels of government. We argue that patterns of non‐financial asset ownership are a useful yet frequently overlooked measure of “power to.” We demonstrate that Canadian municipal policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic were shaped in part by the physical assets owned by municipal and provincial governments. These patterns of non‐financial asset ownership reveal Canadian municipalities to be more important policy actors than typically assumed. A full understanding of the distribution of power within the Canadian federation requires attention to government ownership of physical assets.