bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychologic wellness of PA, NP, and physician hospitalists during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dugani Sagar B. , Fischer Karen M. , Geyer Holly L. , Maniaci Michael J. , Croghan Ivana T. , Burton M. Caroline 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Hospitalists, comprising PAs, NPs, and physicians, manage patients hospitalized with COVID-19. To guide the development of support programs, this study compared the psychologic wellness of hospitalist PAs, NPs, and physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
We surveyed hospitalists in 16 hospitals at Mayo Clinic, from May 4 to 25, 2020. We used PROMIS surveys for self-reported global well-being (two single-item measures), anxiety, social isolation, and emotional support, before and during the pandemic. Linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for personal and professional factors.

Results:
The response rate was 52.2% (N = 154/295). In adjusted linear regression models, the change in scores (before minus during pandemic) for anxiety, social isolation, and emotional support was similar for PAs and NPs compared with physicians. In adjusted logistic regression models, physicians, compared with PAs and NPs, had a higher odds of top global well-being for mental health (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.82 [1.12, 7.13]; P = .03) and top global well-being for social activities and relationships (adjusted odds ratio 4.08 [1.38, 12.08]; P = .01).

Conclusions:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, global well-being was lower for PAs and NPs compared with physician hospitalists. These results can guide support programs for hospitalists.
Dynamic Changes on Video-capillaroscopy and Potential Microsurgical Application: Temperature and Skin Surface Readings
Authors: Matsui Chihiro , Lao William W. , Tanaka Takakuni , Escandón Joseph M. , Mohammad Arbab , Tsuji Nao , Matsui Yuki , Mizuno Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

Summary:
Video-capillaroscopy is being explored as a potential tool for microsurgical flap monitoring. A detailed examination of the effect of temperature on capillary changes using video-capillaroscopy is yet to be investigated. We analyzed the video-capillaroscopy findings on different skin areas often used for flap harvest at normal body temperatures and at lower temperatures. Skin capillaries at the lateral thigh, anterior forearm, mid-axillary line, abdomen, and fingertips were observed using video-capillaroscopy in 20 healthy Japanese individuals. Further, ImageJ software was used to measure the blood vessel area and blood flow velocity, and comparisons were drawn between normal body temperature and lower body temperature states. All measures of blood vessel area and average blood flow velocity for the different anatomical regions were significantly different before and after cooling (P < 0.001). The mean reduction rate of the vessel area was significantly different among anatomic regions (P < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant difference in the vessel area reduction rate between anatomic areas (P < 0.05); except when comparing the thigh versus finger, the forearm versus abdomen, and the mid-axillary line versus abdomen. The mean blood flow velocity was significantly different among anatomic regions (P < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant difference between the thigh and forearm (P = 0.009), the forearm and fingertip (P = 0.001), and the abdomen and fingertip (P = 0.004). Decreasing the skin temperature resulted in a significant vasoconstriction and reduction in capillary flow velocity. It is imperative to keep the monitored area warm during video-capillaroscopy assessment to avoid false diagnosis of vascular occlusion.
COVID-19 Outcomes: Does the Use of Psychotropic Drugs Make a Difference? Accumulating Evidence of a Beneficial Effect of Antidepressants—A Scoping Review
Authors: Bonnet Udo , Juckel Georg 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Studies for repurposed drugs in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2–infected and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are ongoing. According to preclinical research, antidepressants (ADs) might be useful in the treatment of COVID-19.

Methods/Procedures
We conducted a scoping review including clinical studies on AD effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.

Finding/Results
As of January 2, 2022, we found 14 clinical studies, which could be included into this review. Among them, there were 2 randomized, placebo-controlled studies and 2 prospective parallel-group studies about the efficacy/effectiveness and tolerability of fluvoxamine. The remaining studies were mainly retrospective studies considering COVID-19 hospital populations predominantly exposed to fluoxetine (N = 3), other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), and trazodone. The vast majority were hospital studies and assessed COVID-19 severity (morbidity) and mortality as primary endpoints. The only outpatient study (fluvoxamine) investigated the COVID-19–related hospitalization rate, and 1 psychiatric hospital study (SSRI, SNRI, trazodone) focused on the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate.

Implications/Conclusions
At present, the best evidence of an “anti–COVID-19” potential of ADs exists for fluvoxamine and, to a lesser extent, for fluoxetine. Preliminary evidence had found that patients exposed to SSRI or SNRI substance classes might have a reduced mortality risk and that trazodone might reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. Three studies found no relevant influence of ADs on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, and 1 study described increased mortality. The latter study, however, did not differentiate between psychotropic medication and ADs. Tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors are still absolute “dark zones” in COVID-19 research. Further controlled studies testing the effectiveness/efficacy and tolerability/safety (as well as the treatment timing and duration) of different AD substance classes in COVID-19 and post/long-COVID patients of various populations are warranted.
Certain Voicing Tasks Improve Balance in Postpartum Women Compared With Nulliparous Women
Authors: Rudavsky Aliza , Hickox Lauren , Frame Megan , Philtron Daisy , Massery Mary 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Postpartum women are at an increased risk of falls. Maintaining standing balance is multifactorial, involving abdominal wall/pelvic floor muscle responsivity, quick generation of intra-abdominal pressure, and glottis position.

Objective:
To identify whether using voicing tasks improves balance in postpartum women.

Study Design:
Research report.

Methods:
Eleven postpartum women and 10 age-matched nulliparous controls stood on a force plate when balance was perturbed to the front or back of their bodies while performing 6 different breathing and voicing tasks. Tasks modified glottis position and lung volume. Primary outcome measure was maximal displacement of center of pressure immediately following perturbation.

Results:
When comparing the 2 groups' responses, postpartum women showed worse balance during the “Ah” sound and “normal exhale without breath hold” (P = .049 and P = .031, respectively). When comparing all responses to each task, participants in both groups showed no significantly different response to any tasks when they were perturbed anteriorly. The nulliparous group also had no significantly different responses when perturbed posteriorly. Postpartum women showed a significant difference in response to “normal exhale without breath hold” compared with “counting” (P = .01), with better balance for “counting.”

Conclusion:
Postpartum women showed improved balance during the “counting” task, which incorporates the glottis into the balance mechanism. Tasks that did not incorporate the glottis (exhalation) and relied more on the abdominal wall/pelvic floor produced worse balance in postpartum women. For recently postpartum women, counting may be a helpful strategy to improve balance and reduce fall risk.
A quality improvement initiative to improve the appropriateness of candidemia management by the implementation of a comprehensive candidemia care bundle at a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Moni Merlin , Sidharthan Neeraj , Sudhir Sangita , Prabhu Binny , Nampoothiri Vrinda , James Jini , Philip Jeslyn Mary , Thomas Jisha , Antony Remya , Mohamed Zubair Umer , Kumar Anil , Prasanna Preetha , Edathadathil Fabia , Singh Sanjeev , Sathyapalan Dipu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Management of candidemia in developing countries like India encounters laxity in appropriate clinical management and challenges in terms of healthcare capacity, despite its association with high morbidity and mortality. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive candidemia care bundle implementation on appropriateness of therapy and major clinical outcomes.
The single-center, quasi-experimental study conducted at a south Indian tertiary care center included adult patients diagnosed with candidemia. Following a retrospective review of candidemia patients of the pre-implementation period (January 2013–December 2015), the hospital antifungal stewardship team instituted a clinical pharmacist driven comprehensive candidemia care bundle for candidemia patients during the post-implementation period (October 2017–2019) and its impact on appropriateness of antifungal prescriptions and inpatient mortality was evaluated.
The study included 175 patients with candidemia, comprising of 103 patients in the pre-implementation period and 72 patients in the post-implementation period. Appropriateness of antifungal prescriptions rose to 65% during post-implementation period from 30% observed in pre-implementation phase (P = .0005). The inhospital mortality rate reduced from 40% in the pre-implementation phase to 36% in the post-implementation phase, recording a 10% reduction over 2 years post-implementation (P = .26). No significant difference was observed in terms length of stay (P = .17).
Our study demonstrates the successful implementation of an antifungal stewardship led comprehensive care bundle in a low middle income countries setting. The results of our study will have profound implications in improving the appropriateness of management of candidemia and feasibility of scaling up to wider settings could be explored.
What is the better choice for nurses? Alternating air pressure mattresses versus static air mattresses to prevent pressure ulcers in elderly hospitalized patients
Authors: Li Yinxi , Zeng Xuemei , Wang Jianyuan , Wang Chunlei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Evidence on the comparative effectiveness between commercially available support surfaces in preventing pressure ulcer development is lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of alternating air pressure mattresses (AAPMs) versus static air mattresses to prevent pressure ulcers in elderly hospitalized patients and to provide evidence for clinical practice.

Methods:
The electronic databases of Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science will be searched in April 2022 using the following key terms: “pressure ulcers,” “support surface,” and “pressure mattresses,” for all relevant studies. Only English publications are included. The primary outcome is the incidence of pressure ulcers; secondary outcomes include patient satisfaction, cost, and other bedridden complications. The Cochrane risk of bias tool will be independently used to evaluate the risk of bias of included randomized cohort studies by 2 reviewers. A modified version of the Downs and Black tool is adopted to evaluate the quality of nonrandomized cohort studies. All outcomes are pooled on random-effect model.

Results:
We hypothesized that group with AAPMs will provide better therapeutic benefits compared with control group.

Conclusions:
It is worthy to critically review the evidence of the assessment of AAPMs and static air mattresses to inform clinical practice.

OSF registration number:
10.17605/OSF.IO/MYPZ2.
Influence of aromatic essential oil nursing on mental state of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Liu Xin , Luan Yingni , Zhang Lin , Li Yanli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
There are no evidence-based data to confirm the efficacy of aromatic essential oil nursing in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Therefore, in order to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we undertook this protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of aromatic essential oil nursing on mental state of patients undergoing LC.

Methods:
The retrieval strategy will be developed by the evidence-based medicine librarians for the US Library of Medicine database, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Excerpta Medica database. The databases will be searched between June 2022 and July 2022. Studies will be included according to the following criteria: study population undergoing LC; group with aromatic essential oil nursing compared to a control group; outcome measures including anxiety, salivary cortisol, alpha amylase, and patient satisfaction; randomized controlled trials. All data will be analyzed using R version 3.4.3 to calculate pooled standardized mean differences for outcomes. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool will be used to assess the risk of bias for each included article.

Results:
The results of this paper will fill a gap in the literature regarding this project.

Conclusion:
We assume that the aromatic essential oil nursing has a positive effect.

Registration number:
10.17605/OSF.IO/E5WC9.
Clinical assessment of levamlodipine besylate combination therapy for essential hypertension
Authors: Dai Guo-Yao , Zhu Ye-Hua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Essential hypertension has been regarded a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease across the globe, and a significant escapable causation of early death as well as morbidity in the U.S. When angiotensin II receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers are used to treat essential hypertension, most patients will have inadequate blood pressure management. As a result, including a diuretic in the regimen is necessary. The current study's aim is to investigate the effectiveness as well as safety of levamlodipine besylate combination therapy in treating essential hypertension at varying degrees of severity.

Methods:
In establishing the effectiveness and safety of the mix of levamlodipine besylate and dihydropyridine for essential hypertension, the authors will conduct a systematic review and, where applicable, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. A total of 8 electronic databases will be used in the search, including 4 English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) and 4 Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Literature database, Chinese Scientific Journal database, and WanFang database). All articles published in the databases will be considered between their inception and January 18, 2022. Only articles published in English or Mandarin Chinese will be picked. A group of writers will independently evaluate each reference to see if it is eligible and whether there are any duplicates. The same authors will do data extraction for all eligible studies and use the Cochrane risk of bias tool to evaluate the risk of bias in the trials chosen for inclusion.

Results:
The analysis will evaluate the efficiency and level of safeness of levamlodipine besylate combined treatment for essential hypertension.

Conclusions:
Our systematic review will offer evidence for judging whether levamlodipine besylate combination therapy can be considered an effective intercession for essential hypertension.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval will not be required as no original data will be collected as part of this review.

Registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/H8ZR2.
Trends & predictors of non-AIDS comorbidities among people living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Lebanon
Authors: Abou Hassan Farouk F. , Bou Hamdan Mirna A. , El Asmar Khalil , Mokhbat Jacques E. , Melhem Nada M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) increased the life expectancy of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PLHIV) and remarkably reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. Consequently, PLHIV are experiencing non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated comorbid conditions including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of non-AIDS associated comorbid conditions among a cohort of PLHIV on cART in Lebanon.
Data were collected between November 2018 and December 2019 from 105 voluntary participants. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect demographic and behavioral data including lifestyle, smoking, physical activity, substance use and abuse in addition to co-infections and family history of non-communicable diseases. Moreover, data on occurrence and treatment of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, lipid and metabolic disorders as well as mental health were collected. Blood samples were used to assess the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and serum creatinine.
Hypertension (29.5%) and hyperlipidemia (29.5%) followed by diabetes (23.7%) and cardiovascular disease (9.7%) were mainly reported among study participants. Higher rate of comorbid conditions was observed among participants >40 years of age than those ≤40 years with both hypertension and hyperlipidemia most commonly reported. Older age (odds ratio [OR] 7.6; 95% CI: 1.83-31.98; P = .005) is associated with higher odds of having hyperlipidemia. Moreover, participants on cART for ≥10 years are 5 times more likely to have hyperlipidemia (OR 5; 95% CI: 1.08-22.73; P = .039). Our results also showed that study participants did not experience anxiety, depression or somatic symptoms and that there was no association between these mental disorders and older age or comorbidities.
Our results provide important information on HIV trends and associated comorbidities in Lebanon and can be used to improve the management of non-communicable diseases among PLHIV.
Medicaid Expansion Associated With Reduction in Geospatial Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Disparities
Authors: Dong Weichuan , Rose Johnie , Kim Uriel , Cooper Gregory S. , Tsui Jennifer , Koroukian Siran M. 
Published: April 2022

Context:
Prior studies demonstrate that Medicaid expansion has been associated with earlier-stage breast cancer diagnosis among women with low income, likely through increased access to cancer screening services. However, how this policy change has impacted geospatial disparities in breast cancer stage at diagnosis is unclear.

Objective:
To examine whether there were reductions in geospatial disparities in advanced stage breast cancer at diagnosis in Ohio after Medicaid expansion.

Design:
The study included 33 537 women aged 40 to 64 years diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from the Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System between 2010 and 2017. The space-time scan statistic was used to detect clusters of advanced stage at diagnosis before and after Medicaid expansion. Block group variables from the Census were used to describe the contextual characteristics of detected clusters.

Results:
The percentage of local stage diagnosis among women with breast cancer increased from 60.2% in the pre-expansion period (2010-2013) to 62.6% in the post-expansion period (2014-2017), while the uninsured rate among those women decreased from 13.7% to 7.5% during the same period. Two statistically significant (P < .05) and 6 nonsignificant spatial clusters (P > .05) of advanced stage breast cancer cases were found in the pre-expansion period, while none were found in the post-expansion period. These clusters were in the 4 largest metropolitan areas in Ohio, and individuals inside the clusters were more likely to be disadvantaged along numerous socioeconomic factors.

Conclusions:
Medicaid expansion has played an important role in reducing geospatial disparities in breast cancer stage at diagnosis, likely through the reduction of advanced stage disease among women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.
Associations of Reduced Sympathetic Neural Activity and Elevated Baroreflex Sensitivity With Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep: Evidence From Electroencephalogram- and Electrocardiogram-Based Sleep Staging
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Jung , Yang Albert C. , Tsai Shih-Jen , Ma Yan , Kuo Terry B.J. , Yang Cheryl C.H. , Peng Chung-Kang 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Autonomic neural controls in sleep regulation have been previously demonstrated; however, whether these alternations can be observed by different sleep staging approaches remains unclear. Two established methods for sleep staging—the standardized visual scoring and the cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analysis based on electrocardiogram—were used to explore the cardiovascular profiles of sleep.

Methods
Overnight polysomnography was recorded together with continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure. Cortical activity, heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and baroreflex sensitivity during sleep stages from 24 nights of sleep were obtained from 15 normotensive participants and analyzed.

Results
Non–rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) from visual scoring and restful sleep (RS) of CPC both showed the highest delta power of electroencephalogram (EEG) and lowest beta activity of EEG in comparison with other sleep stages (p < .001); likewise, the lowest total power of heart rate variability and suppressed vascular-sympathetic activity, reflected by low-frequency power of blood pressure variability, as well as a trend in elevated baroreflex sensitivity, were observed in the NREM or RS. This suppressed vascular-sympathetic activity during stable sleep further exhibited a significant correlation with increased slow-wave activity (NREM: r = −0.292 ± 0.34, p = .002; RS: r = −0.209 ± 0.30, p = .010).

Conclusions
Autonomic nervous system is evidently associated with stable sleep, as indicated by the similar findings obtained from sleep stages categorized by standardized visual scoring or CPC analysis. Such association between cardiovascular neural activity and sleep EEGs can be observed regardless of the sleep staging approach followed.