bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The health equity characteristics of research exploring the unmet community mobility needs of older adults: a scoping review
Authors: van Biljon Hester , van Niekerk Lana , Margot-Cattin Isabel , Adams Fasloen , Plastow Nicola , Bellagamba David , Kottorp Anders , Patomella Ann-Helen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Unmet community mobility needs of older adults, published since the announcement of the UN sustainable development goals was synthesised to describe the health equity characteristics of research identifying unmet community mobility needs of older adults.

Methods
Searches were conducted in March and April 2020, 2275 articles were screened and 100 identified for data extraction.

Results
Findings showed underrepresentation of articles considering rural settings [9%] and originating in the global South [14%]. Gender, disability, education, and transport / driving were identified as key health equity characteristics and only 10 articles provided detail on all four of these. External factors inhibiting community mobility included built environments, service availability, and societal attitudes. Internal factors included finances, fear and apprehension, and functional limitations.

Conclusions
The need for standardised reporting of participant characteristics in the community mobility of older adults was highlighted. These characteristics are required by research consumers to judge equity dimensions, and the extent to which findings represent minority or marginalised groups. Fifteen years after the UN pledge to reduce inequalities, peer reviewed primary research does not reflect a global drive to end discrimination, exclusion and reduce the inequalities and vulnerabilities that leave people behind.
Quantitative DCE-MRI prediction of breast cancer recurrence following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a preliminary study
Authors: Thawani Rajat , Gao Lina , Mohinani Ajay , Tudorica Alina , Li Xin , Mitri Zahi , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are at risk of recurrence depending on clinicopathological characteristics. This preliminary study aimed to investigate the predictive performances of quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI parameters, alone and in combination with clinicopathological variables, for prediction of recurrence in patients treated with NACT.

Methods
Forty-seven patients underwent pre- and post-NACT MRI exams including high spatiotemporal resolution DCE-MRI. The Shutter-Speed model was employed to perform pharmacokinetic analysis of the DCE-MRI data and estimate the Ktrans, ve, kep, and τi parameters. Univariable logistic regression was used to assess predictive accuracy for recurrence for each MRI metric, while Firth logistic regression was used to evaluate predictive performances for models with multi-clinicopathological variables and in combination with a single MRI metric or the first principal components of all MRI metrics.

Results
Pre- and post-NACT DCE-MRI parameters performed better than tumor size measurement in prediction of recurrence, whether alone or in combination with clinicopathological variables. Combining post-NACT Ktrans with residual cancer burden and age showed the best improvement in predictive performance with ROC AUC = 0.965.

Conclusion
Accurate prediction of recurrence pre- and/or post-NACT through integration of imaging markers and clinicopathological variables may help improve clinical decision making in adjusting NACT and/or adjuvant treatment regimens to reduce the risk of recurrence and improve survival outcome.
Efficacy of diet on fatigue, quality of life and disability status in multiple sclerosis patients: rapid review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Guerrero Aznar María Dolores , Villanueva Guerrero María Dolores , Cordero Ramos Jaime , Eichau Madueño Sara , Morales Bravo María , López Ruiz Rocío , Beltrán García Margarita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) experience chronic fatigue which is difficult to deal with therapeutically and greatly affects health-related quality of life (QOL).
PwMS are aware of the lack of generalized dietary advice related to their disease, leading to self-experimentation with diet.
It is necessary to provide objective information about dietary interventions for pwMS. We aim to provide an objective synthesis of the evidence for efficacy and safety of specific diets in pwMS through a rapid review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), examining symptomatic fatigue (MFIS), QOL, Expanded-Disability-Status-Scale (EDSS), and severe adverse events.

Methods
We have carried out a rapid review (MEDLINE and EMBASE) up to December 2021, with PRISMA methodology, and meta-analyses, of (RCTs). All statistical analyses were performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) -RStudio 4.1.3. The analysis used weighted mean differences (WMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model to compare the effects of the dietary intervention with the control.

Results
Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these eight studies, five analyzed EDSS, three MFIS, and three QOL. A total of 515 patients were analyzed. These meta-analyses cumulative evidence support that dietary intervention is associated with a trend of reduction in fatigue (308 patients studied) -the difference between means (SMD) of the control group and intervention group was -2,033, 95%-IC (-3,195, -0,152), a p-value of 0.0341)-, an increase in QOL (77 patients studied), no significant effect on EDSS (337 patients studied), and no severe adverse events.

Conclusions
It is difficult to reach a high level of evidence in dietary studies. Our findings show that dietary intervention is associated with a trend of reduction in fatigue in MS. Taking into account the potential of dietary interventions and the benefit/risk ratio in their favor, neurologists must be aware of the great importance of making interventions on diet in MS if necessary. There are dietary interventions with some evidence of benefit for patients with MS, which could be chosen based on adherence, patient preferences, and individual outcomes. Large prospective clinical trials are needed to shed further light on this topic.
Determinants affecting utilisation of health services and treatment for children under-5 in rural Nepali health centres: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shrestha Binod , Green Dan J. , Baidya Manish , Chater Tim , Karki Jiban , Lee Andrew CK , Khadka Seema , Pohl Gerda , Neupane Rudra , Rushton Simon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLarge inequalities in child health remain in Nepal, with caste, ethnicity and sex being major determinants of deprivation and negative outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore whether key demographics of under 5s were associated with health seeking behaviours, utilisation of health care, and treatment received.MethodsData came from Integrated Management of Neonatal & Childhood Illness (IMNCI) records of 23 health centres across five districts. After digitising the paper records, the data was analysed by district, caste/ethnicity, sex, and age to investigate differences in the time taken to present at a health facility after the onset of symptoms of ARI, diarrhoea and fever; accuracy of diagnosis for pneumonia; and whether the correct treatment was prescribed for pneumonia as per IMNCI guidelines.ResultsFrom 116 register books spanning 23 health centres, 30,730 child patient records were considered for analysis. The median age of attendance was 18 months (Inter-Quartile Range = 10, 32), while were more male children that attended (55.7% vs. 44.3% for females). There were statistically significant differences for the time taken to attend a health centre between different districts for ARI, diarrhoea and fever, with children in the remote Humla and Mugu districts taking significantly longer to present at a health facility after the onset of symptoms (all p < 0.001, except Mugu for ARI days). Children from underprivileged ethnic groups, Madhesi and Dalit, were less likely to be given a correct diagnosis of pneumonia (p = 0.014), while males were more likely to receive a correct diagnosis than females (73% vs. 67%, p = 0.001). This sex difference remained in the adjusted regression models for diagnosis of pneumonia (p < 0.001) but not for treatment of pneumonia (p = 0.628). All districts, in comparison to Gorkha, had increased odds of correct diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia, but only significant in children from Mugu after adjustment (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionSignificant demographic differences were found based on ethnicity, sex, and district when examining health seeking behaviours for ARI, diarrhoea, and fever. Significant associations were seen for these same factors when exploring accuracy of diagnoses of pneumonia, but not for treatment. This study has emphasised the importance of a digitalised healthcare system, where inequalities can be identified without the reliance on anecdotal evidence.
Knowledge of Silesia adult inhabitants regarding preventive vaccinations effect on cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Dąbek Józefa , Sierka Oskar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Protective vaccinations are important in maintaining health and reducing suffering from infectious diseases. Also, vaccine-preventable infectious diseases are associated with the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases.

Aim
The study aimed to test adults' knowledge of the role of protective vaccinations in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and their opinions on the quantity of the information provided by doctors in this regard.

Methods
A total of 700 adults participated in the study, most of whom were women (500; 71.43%). The study used an original questionnaire containing questions covering vaccinations and cardiovascular diseases, and the general characteristics of the participants. The inclusion criteria for the study were 18 years of age and written informed consent to participate in the study.

Results
Over 60% of the participants did not know of, or denied the possibility of, developing cardiovascular diseases as a result of avoiding required preventive vaccinations. More than half of the participants stated that there is no need to recommend influenza vaccination to patients with cardiovascular diseases. Over 70% of participants stated that family doctors did not provide sufficient information about protective vaccinations.

Conclusion
In these adults, knowledge of the role of preventive vaccinations in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases was low, and the quantity of the information provided by doctors about preventive vaccinations were considered to be insufficient. Public awareness of the effects of avoiding preventive vaccinations should be raised especially among people with CVD.
Influence of hyaluronic acid on intra-articular friction – a biomechanical study in whole animal joints
Authors: Mederake Moritz , Trappe Dominik , Jacob Christopher , Hofmann Ulf Krister , Schüll Daniel , Dalheimer Philipp , Exner Lisanne , Walter Christian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Cartilage is a mechanically highly stressed tissue in the human body and an important part of synovial joints. The joint cartilage is lubricated by synovial fluid with hyaluronic acid (HA) as main component. However, in joints with osteoarthritis HA has a lower concentration and molecular weight compared to healthy joints. In recent years, the intra-articular injection of therapeutic HA lubricant, has become a popular therapy. The effect of HA application on the friction of a complete joint with physiological movement needs to be further determined.

Methods
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the lubrication effect of the joint by three lubricants (NaCl, fetal calf serum (FCS) and HA) and their effect on the friction in nine complete ovine carpo-metacarpal joints. The joints were mounted on a material testing machine and a physiological movement with 10° rotation was simulated with ascending axial load (100 – 400 N). Specimens were tested native, with cartilage damage caused by drying out and relubricated. Dissipated energy (DE) as a measure of friction was recorded and compared.

Results
Investigating the effect of axial load, we found significant differences in DE between all axial load steps (p < .001), however, only for the defect cartilage. Furthermore, we could document an increase in DE from native (Mean: 15.0 mJ/cycle, SD: 8.98) to cartilage damage (M: 74.4 mJ/cycle, SD: 79.02) and a decrease after relubrication to 23.6 mJ/cycle (SD: 18.47). Finally, we compared the DE values for NaCl, FCS and HA. The highest values were detected for NaCl (MNorm = 16.4 mJ/cycle, SD: 19.14). HA achieved the lowest value (MNorm = 4.3 mJ/cycle, SD: 4.31), although the gap to FCS (MNorm = 5.1 mJ/cycle, SD: 7.07) was small.

Conclusions
We were able to elucidate three effects in joints with cartilage damage. First, the friction in damaged joints increases significantly compared to native joints. Second, especially in damaged joints, the friction increases significantly more with increased axial load compared to native or relubricated joints. Third, lubricants can achieve an enormous decrease in friction. Comparing different lubricants, our results indicate the highest decrease in friction for HA.
Effects of vitamin D on insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose in pregnant women with insufficient or deficient vitamin D: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Mirzaei-Azandaryani Zahra , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Shaseb Elnaz , Abbasalizadeh Shamsi , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy. Some studies have reported the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the incidence of this disorder. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, fasting blood insulin (FBI) levels and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (primary outcomes) and symptoms of depression, musculoskeletal pain, frequency of gestational diabetes and the frequency of abortion (secondary outcomes).MethodsIn this triple-blind randomized controlled trial, 88 pregnant women at 8–10 weeks of pregnancy who had the vitamin D of less than 30 ng/ml were randomly assigned to the vitamin D group (n = 44) and control group (n = 44) using block randomization. The vitamin D group received 4,000 units of vitamin D tablets daily and the control group received placebo tablets for 18 weeks. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U and ANCOVA tests were used to analyze the data.ResultsAfter the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of FBG (P = 0.850), FBI (P = 0.353), HOMA-IR (P = 0.632), mean score of depressive symptoms (P = 0.505), frequency of gestational diabetes (P = 0.187) and frequency of abortion (P = 1.000) and there was only a difference in terms of serum vitamin D level (P = 0.016) and musculoskeletal pain including knee pain (P = 0.025), ankle pain (P < 0.001) and leg pain (P < 0.001).ConclusionVitamin D could improve the musculoskeletal pain in pregnant women but couldn’t decrease FBG, FBI, HOMA-IR, depression symptoms score, incidence of GDM and abortion.Trial registration:Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20120718010324N59. Date of registration: 4/11/2020. URL:https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/50973/view; Date of first registration: 21/11/2020.
The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Jordan: a national population-based survey
Authors: Ajlouni Kamel M. , Khawaja Nahla , EL-Khateeb Mohammed , Batieha Anwar , Farahid Oraib 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The objectives of this study are to assess the prevalence of clinical and subclinical hypo- and hyperthyroidism and their associated factors among Jordanian adults.

Methods
In a cross-sectional population-based survey, a representative sample that included 3753 Jordanian adults was selected from the 12 governorates that represent the three regions of the country, in the year 2017. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained and blood samples were collected from all participants. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured to evaluate the thyroid function.

Results
The overall prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 11.9%. Around 76% of patients with thyroid dysfunction were previously undiagnosed. The prevalence of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.1 and 5.3%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism was 1.0 and 2.5%, respectively. Female preponderance which was mainly related to hypothyroid disorders was evident. The prevalence of positive TPOAb and TgAb in the study population was 14.9 and 15.3%, respectively. The prevalence of detectable TPOAb and TgAb in the euthyroid participants was10.3 and 11.9%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex, age ≥ 50 years and the presence of TgAb and TPOAb were strongly associated with hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism was significantly associated with the presence of TPOAb and age ≥ 50 years.

Conclusion
The prevalence of unrecognized thyroid dysfunction is high among Jordanians. A public health policy of screening high risk groups particularly those ≥50 years of age is recommended.
Knowledge, attitude and perceptions of medical students towards mental health in a university in Uganda
Authors: Kihumuro Raymond Bernard , Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Kintu Timothy Mwanje , Nakandi Rachael Mukisa , Muwanga David Richard , Muganzi David Jolly , Atwau Pius , Ayesiga Innocent , Najjuma Josephine Nambi , Ashaba Scholastic 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of mental illness among medical students is high. A gap remains on what knowledge should be given to improve the attitudes and perceptions towards mental health. Despite the vast body of literature globally, no study has been conducted in Uganda to assess the levels of knowledge, attitude, and perception among medical students in Uganda.

Objective
To determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and perception and their associated factors among medical students in Uganda.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was done among 259 undergraduate medical students in a public university capturing information on knowledge, attitude, and perception towards mental health. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and perception.

Results
About 77.72% had high knowledge, 49.29% had positive attitudes, and 46.92% had good perceptions of mental health. There was a significant positive relationship between attitude and perceptions towards mental illness. At multilevel analysis, being in year 4 increased the level of knowledge (β = 1.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.46–2.54], p = 0.005) while a positive history of mental illness worsened perceptions towards mental illness (β = -4.23 [95% CI = −7.44–1.03], p = 0.010).

Conclusion
Medical students have a high level of knowledge about mental illness but the majority had poor attitudes and perceptions of mental illness. Exposure to psychiatry knowledge about mental illness in year four increased students’ knowledge while prior experience with mental illness conditions was associated with poorer perceptions. The information present in this study can be used by policymakers and future researchers to design future studies and interventions to improve knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes especially among students who have a history of mental illness. Improvements in knowledge, attitude, and perception may improve the mental health services for the future patients of these medical students.
Identifying stroke diagnosis-related features from medical imaging reports to improve clinical decision-making support
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Qin Lu , Ding Lingling , Wang Chunjuan , Wang Meng , Li Zixiao , Li Jiao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Medical imaging reports play an important role in communication of diagnostic information between radiologists and clinicians. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports can provide evidence that is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of ischaemic stroke. The high-signal regions of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) images in MRI reports are key evidence. Correctly identifying high-signal regions of DWI images is helpful for the treatment of ischaemic stroke patients. Since most of the multiple signals recorded in head MRI reports appear in the same part, it is challenging to identify high-signal regions of DWI images from MRI reports.

Methods
We developed a deep learning model to automatically identify high-signal regions of DWI images from head MRI reports. We proposed a fine-grained entity typing model based on machine reading comprehension that transformed the traditional two-step fine-grained entity typing task into a question-answering task.

Results
To prove the validity of the model proposed, we compared it with the fine-grained entity typing model, of which the F1 measure was 5.9% and 3.2% higher than the F1 measures of the models based on LSTM and BERT, respectively.

Conclusion
In this study, we explore the automatic identification of high-signal regions of DWI images from the description part of a head MRI report. We transformed the identification of high-signal regions of DWI images to an FET task and proposed an MRC-FET model. Compared with the traditional two-step FET method, the model we proposed not only simplifies the task but also has better performance. The comparable result shows that the work in this study can contribute to improving the clinical decision support system.