bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energia elektryczna jako produkt niebezpieczny
Authors: Pyryt Zuzanna 
Published: October 2022

Działanie produktu niebezpiecznego stanowi zagadnienie bliskie interesom zarówno konsumentów, jak i podmiotów, które dany produkt konsumentom dostarczają. Obecnie na rynku istnieje wiele kategorii produktów, które mogą zostać uznane za produkty niebezpieczne, jednakże szczególnej uwadze w ocenie autora poddać należy tę z kategorii produktów, której nie sposób określić jednoznacznie, tym samym w niniejszym artykule pochylono się nad energią elektryczną rozpatrywaną w charakterze produktu niebezpiecznego. Regulacje, na jakie powołuje się ustawodawca w związku z działaniem produktu niebezpiecznego budzą szereg wątpliwości i prowadzą do rozbieżności w doktrynie, bowiem nie są sformułowane w sposób wystarczająco precyzyjny i jednoznaczny, co skutkuje odmiennością stanowisk przedstawicieli doktryny. Dokonując analizy pojęcia produktu niebezpiecznego wskazać na-leży, iż w odniesieniu do energii elektrycznej właściwa wydaje się być interpretacja literalna przepisów Kodeksu cywilnego. Bezspornym jest, iż na gruncie przepisów Kodeksu cywilnego energia elektryczna nie jest rzeczą, a została ujęta jako wyjątek na podstawie art. 4491 k.c. Mając na uwadze drogę analogii, jaka mogłaby być zastosowana względem innym rodzajów energii, należy powołać się na zasadę exceptionis non sunt extentendae.
Ważkość etyki w zawodach prawniczych (zagadnienia wybrane)
Authors: Stadniczeńko Justyna 
Published: October 2022

We współczesnej etyce prawniczej od strony teoretyczno-fenomenologicznej zwraca się uwagę na etykę wartości, myślenie według wartości i komunikacji zagadnień etyczno-zawodowej w odniesieniu do rzeczywistości w zawodach prawniczych. Każdy z zawodów prawniczych dokonał kodyfikacji etyki uwzględniając dobro moralne w etyce sytuacyjnej prawnika, problematykę wzorów osobowych, prakseologię. W pracy podkreślono, iż korporacje prawnicze traktowane są jako etyczne wspólnoty komunikacyjne. Przez etykę zawodową rozumie się najczęściej opracowanie najważniejszych etycznych norm i perspektyw określonego zawodu, a także określenia ich faktycznych motywacji. Normy te bazują na ogólnych i podstawowych wskaźnikach etycznych przyjętych w społeczeństwie i nie powinny być ich prostym dostosowaniem do specyfiki czynności zawodowych. Przestrzeganie norm etyki zawodowej i dbałość o właściwy poziom moralny osób wykonujących zawód prawniczy ma podnieść prestiż zawodu prawniczego.
Regulacja prawa finansowego w odniesieniu do indywidulanego wskaźnika zadłużenia jednostek samorządu terytorialnego
Authors: Bogacki Sylwester , Wołowiec Tomasz 
Published: October 2022

Obowiązujące od 2014 r. nowe reguły ograniczania zadłużenia były dla większości jednostek samorządu terytorialnego istotnym utrudnieniem w planowaniu i zarządzaniu finansami lokalnymi. Konstrukcja maksymalnego wskaźnika limitującego zobowiązania z tytułów określonych przez ustawodawcę, przypadające do spłaty w danym roku, jest ściśle związana z przepisami ustawy o finansach publicznych. Istotą tej regulacji prawnej jest porównanie dwóch wskaźników, ujętych w formule równania (wzoru). Pozytywnym warunkiem uchwalenia budżetu jest uzyskanie relacji, w której lewa strona wzoru (roczny wskaźnik spłaty zobowiązań) jest mniejsza albo równa prawej stronie (maksymalny wskaźnik spłaty zobowiązań).
Ograniczenia praw i wolności człowieka a kondycja zdrowotna i zadowolenie z życia w czasie pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Chwaszcz Joanna , Niewiadomska Iwona , Ostrowska Anna 
Published: October 2022

Artykuł dotyczy rozważań pomiędzy wolnościami i prawami człowieka wynikającymi z Konstytucji RP a ograniczeniami związanymi z pandemią COVID-19 oraz analizuje wpływ tychże ograniczeń na zdrowie fizyczne i psychiczne obywateli. W artykule zaprezentowano badania przeprowadzone na próbie 523 osób dotyczące kondycji psychicznej i fizycznej osób badanych i ich związków ze spostrzeganiem ograniczeń, poczuciem beznadziejności oraz używaniem substancji psychoaktywnych. Artykuł zakończono implikacjami praktycznymi wynikającymi z badań.
Representasi Kelas Sosial Pada Foto “Dua Anak Kecil Di Gerobak” Karya Dayat Sutisno
Authors: Olivia Helen , Yusnanda Ega Aditya 
Published: October 2022

Karya foto Dayat Sutisno menggambarkan tentang anak-anak yang dijadikan sebuah simbol golongan kelas sosial di masyarakat serta memiliki banyak sekali makna yang tersimpan. Tujuan peneltian ini yaitu mengetahui isi karya foto Dayat Sutisno yang mengandung simbol kelas sosial dan humanisme. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori representasi melalui tanda yang menunjukkan suatu simbol yang berupa gambar maupun benda-benda dalam foto yang memiliki makna pesan. Teks dan visual merupakan suatu tatanan dari kata-kata maupun gambar yang digunakan untuk memberikan sebuah informasi, pesan, dan makna. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme dengan metode interpretasi teks pendekatan kualitatif analisis semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce konsep Meaning Triangle. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi non partisipant dan wawancara non terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan makna dan pesan moral yang mewakili kelas sosial dan sisi humanisme yang ternyata berhubungan dengan keadaan lingkungan sosial.
A Brief Discussion on the Professional Technical Points and Prospects in the Development and Construction of Cultural Tourism Real Estate Projects
Authors: Tian Wenyuan 
Published: October 2022

Since the beginning of this century, with the growing demand of the general public for cultural travel experience, the real estate development industry for cultural travel project investment market is also greatly improving. In the context of cultural and tourism carrier projects blooming everywhere, how to eliminate bubbles and how to ensure that the hardware and software of each cultural venue can meet the actual needs of subsequent operation has become a very critical issue. Through the research of relevant technical standards at home and abroad and the practical analysis of actual project cases, the specialty difference and scarcity of CTLV project have been reflected. In the context of the global epidemic, the demand for professional experience and talents in the segmented technology industry is obvious in the future.
Analysis of Ready-To-Assemble (RTA) Furniture with Reference to Metropolitan Cities in India
Authors: Mehtab Tauheed , Kamal Mohammad Arif , Farooq Sadia 
Published: October 2022

Design and the furniture industry have been evolving a lot, with the advancements in the lives of human beings. With the passage of time, the furniture industry has continuously adapted itself to suit the needs of the mass. However, in the time being, the design of furniture has become competitive in order to fulfil the increasing demands in the lives of human beings. More and more people are migrating to metro cities like Delhi National Capital Region, Mumbai, Bangalore etc., for better job opportunities. Due to lack of space in the compact houses in these metro cities, unlike the earlier times, people prefer easily transportable furniture and don’t take much space in the house. All these qualities have been seen the RTA (Ready-To-Assemble) furniture that are easy to transport, easy to assemble with the basic tools, does not take up much space in the house and can be used for different purposes like sofa cum bed. The preference of RTA furniture by the majority of masses in the metro cities can be observed on the demand and supply chain on e-commerce platforms like flipkart, amazon, urban ladder, pepperfry and both physical stores and online websites like IKEA and home centre etc. Fast-fashion is another reason for the rising demand of RTA furniture, in order to keep in pace with it, people have changed their preferences from long durable furniture to the modern and minimalistic furniture. This study presents an analysis of the furniture industry, taking RTA (ready to assemble) furniture as the focal point, since there have been a lot of advancements in every field; the furniture industry has also evolved a lot.
MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF TRADITIONAL BELIEFS OF GUMBET AVARS (SECOND HALF OF XX - BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY)
Authors: Seferbekov Ruslan I. , Razakhanov Said S. , Galbatzev Surkhay M. 
Published: October 2022

Written on the basis of field material, using general and special methods of historical science, the article is devoted to the description of the mythological characters of the former pantheon and pandemonium of the Gumbet Avars that have survived to the Soviet post-war and modern times – personified celestial bodies and atmospheric phenomena, mummers and dolls, cartridges of wild animals and hunting , supreme deities; "House snakes", penetrating into the dwelling and strangling a person during sleep, evil demons, antagonists of pregnant women, shaitans. The sources of these representations are folklore (mythology, oaths, good wishes, sayings), vocabulary and phraseology, calendar, family and social rituals, customs and beliefs. With the adoption of the Muslim religion by the Gumbet Avars, most of the mythological characters of their pagan pantheon and pandemonium were consigned to oblivion, and some of the surviving ones, in view of the stability of traditional religious beliefs in the spiritual culture of the ethnic group, were Islamized and took the form of syncretic and "domestic Islam". Some of the Islamized mythological characters have become mediators between man and the Almighty, which is contrary to the doctrine of Islam. A significant role in the consolidation of pre-monotheistic beliefs in the spiritual culture of the Avars and other peoples of Dagestan in the Soviet and modern times was played by the healthy conservatism inherent in all Dagestanis and the peculiarities of their mentality – adherence to the traditional way of life. This circumstance inspires certain confidence in the preservation of their religious, cultural and ethnic identity in the era of globalization.
Benthos Diversity as a Water Quality Indicator of Coastal Waters Klumpang Beach, Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: M A S Jawwad  , M R A Maulana  , R H A Murti  
Published: October 2022

Indonesia as an archipelagic country has a very high wealth of aquatic resources with the level of diversity of aquatic ecosystems as the role of living organisms. Benthos is an organism that lives on the bottom sediment of a body of water. This organism lives relatively sedentary and cannot avoid contact with pollutants and its lifespan is relatively long, so that if there is a change in water quality and the substrate in which it lives, it will affect its composition and abundance. The purpose of this study was to determine the index of benthos diversity found in coastal waters. Klumpang, Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Therefore, benthos can be used as a bioindicator in observing pollution in water, especially on the Klumpang coast. The result shows that Klumpang beach shoreline has a medium diversity index, adequate productivity level, balanced ecosystem, and medium ecological pressure. The three sampling points has Shannon-Wiener diversity index by 1.790, 1.589, and 1.309 by sequence. The unbalanced species distribution of the species may indicate an unstable ecosystem in the shoreline, as the impact of surrounding activities especially in the eastern side of the coast.
Post traumatic stress disorder and the associated factors among the survivors of road traffic accident attending in a specialized hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Haque Shayla , Sultana Nihar , Banu Nelufar , Tahsin Tania 
Published: October 2022

Background: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common mental disorder occurring among survivors of road traffic accidents (RTA). It could result in long-term adverse consequences if left untreated, mainly leading to social and functional impairments of RTA survivors, which finally results in a poor quality of life. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of PTSD among the RTA survivors and the associated factors of it. Materials & methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 202 admitted RTA patients in the inpatient department of a specialized hospital in Dhaka city for one year duration. Data were collected from these patients using a semi structured interview administered questionnaire where the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV DSM-IV(PCL-S) checklist used to assess PTSD. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS software (Version 21) and p < 0.05 considered as significant. Results: A total 202 RTA patients were included in the study and the prevalence of probable PTSD among RTA survivors was 41.1% according to DSM-IV(PCL-S) checklist. The mean age of RTA survivors found 37.6 (±13.2) years, majority 57.4% belongs to 18-30 years age group. The mean PTSD score found was 44.1(±8.2), 9.2% RTA survivors had previous history of known depressive symptoms. Among the socio-demographic attributes, age and occupation were significantly associated with the PTSD; other accident related factors like time since accident and type of accident were strongly associated with the PTSD. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of PTSD among RTA survivors with some associated significant sociodemographic and accident-related factors. The findings suggest a need for early screening for PTSD among the survivors of RTA.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2022; 12(2): 14-18
Clinical Profile and Management of Oral Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Khandker Md Nazmul Hasan , Haque Aminul , Hasan Md Nadimul , Chowdhury Md Tawfique Hossain , Ali Syed Mohammad Moshab , Afroze Yeasmin Jahan , Baidya Pulok 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Oral cavity cancer is the 11th most common cancer worldwide, and the incidence rate of lip & oral cavity cancer in Bangladesh in 2020 was 8.9%. The National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH) is a specialized hospital for cancer patient care where all treatment modalities are available. This study was conducted in the faciomaxillary surgical oncology department (FMSO) to see the patient profile and management of oral cancer patients at NIRCH. Materials and methods: This observational study was carried out from January 2017 to December 2020 with hitopathologically proven oral cancer patients. Data of outdoor patients were collected from the OPD and tumor board registers, and indoor patient’s data were collected from the discharge register. Relevant variables were included in the data collection, such as epidemiological features (age, sex) and clinicopathological data (primary site of tumor, disease pattern, TNM staging, presentation status, management of patients by tumor board decision, and surgical management). Collected data were summarized and analyzed by statistical package for the social science SPSS (version 24.0) and results were presented in table, chart, and graph form.
Results: A total of 6869 patients were enrolled in the study, where 55% were female and 45% were male, with a male to female ratio of 0.82:1. Buccal mucosa was the most common site (44%) followed by lower gingivo-buccal sulcus (21%). Eighty-eight percent of the total cases were squamous cell carcinoma. Early-stage lesions were only 6% whereas advanced-stage lesions were 94%. Among preoperative patients, 1992 (29%) were operable and 4877 (71%) were inoperable. The tumor board decided nearly 50% of patients for chemo-radiation, 10% for surgery and radiotherapy each. Among the operable patients, only 244 (20%) were operated on in our department in a four-year period. Conclusion: It is evident from this study that most of the patients present in the advanced stage illustrate the necessity for the inclusion of oral health care in primary health care by the government for early detection of oral cancer in Bangladesh.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2022; 12(2): 27-31
Gestión municipal del Patrimonio Mundial: Tarragona
Authors: Bravo Póvez Pilar , Menchón Bes Joan 
Published: October 2022

El conjunto arqueológico de Tarraco fue incluido en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial de UNESCO en la asamblea de Cairns, el 30 de noviembre de 2000. Los criterios aplicados son los (ii) y (iii): la excepcional importancia en el desarrollo urbanístico romano, como modelo para las capitales provinciales, y testimonio de un período significativo en la historia Antigua del Mediterráneo.
Más allá de esto, la ciudad es un paisaje histórico urbano inserido en un paisaje cultural que es el antiguo ager tarraconensis, ahora Campo de Tarragona.
En este artículo se realiza una reflexión sobre los patrimonios de Tarragona, que van más allá del romano, como es lógico en toda ciudad histórica, a los cuales hemos de sumar el rico patrimonio inmaterial. No en vano la provincia de Tarragona es de los lugares del mundo con más reconocimientos por parte de UNESCO: el monasterio de Poblet, la Pintura Rupestre del Arco Mediterráneo, la reserva de la Biosfera del Delta del Ebro, los Castellers, la Cocina Mediterránea, el Arte de la Piedra Seca y finalmente el Priorato como Paisaje Cultural.
El sumatorio de patrimonios genera una inusitada riqueza y a un tiempo la necesidad de un planteamiento holístico, casi de funcionamiento biológico, para su correcta comprensión, gestión y puesta en valor. Así pues, se presenta una reflexión sobre estos temas.
Fronteiras de si: as narrativas e a experiência docente
Authors: Kich Bruna Viedo , Marquezan Lorena Inês Peterini 
Published: October 2022

Esse estudo busca analisar diários de classe escritos por uma das autoras durante os anos de 2014 e 2015 durante a disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado em Letras Inglês na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Os escritos narram o cotidiano escolar a cada encontro na escola da professora como regente de uma turma de sexto ano do ensino fundamental em uma escola pública durante sua primeira experiência como professora. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo refletir sobre o processo (auto) biográfico na formação docente e os reflexos da documentação, divulgação e leitura de narrativas privadas. Tendo como método a abordagem qualitativa de cunho (auto) biográfico, as narrativas foram analisadas por meio de apreciação semântica e agrupadas em categorias, chamadas de cenários formativos, através das recorrências no discurso. Foram identificadas quatro categorias: a família, a política e a ideologia, a frustração e as mazelas sociais. A pesquisa está aportada teoricamente nos estudos de Bertaux (2010), Ferraroti (2014), Larossa (2008), Passeggi (2011) e Rodrigues e Prado (2015), entre outros. Contatou-se que as narrativas de si têm função reflexiva e formadora para pesquisadores, sujeitos e leitores de pesquisa, e que essa formação tem caráter não linear e intermitente ao longo das trajetórias pessoais e profissionais. Compreendeu-se também que documentos confessionais, mais do que uma representação singular de um único sujeito, tem também valor histórico social ao versar sobre um determinado espaço/tempo e contexto. Assim, verificou-se que narrativas de si tem potencial para consolidarem-se como conhecimento acadêmico transformando em teoria vivências e experiências narradas pelo sujeito.
O uso de celulares na adolescência e sua interferência nas relações interpessoais nesta fase
Authors: Araujo Leila Marcia Guimaraes , Silva Luciana de Araújo Mendes , Moreira Rosana Mendes Maciel 
Published: October 2022

A evolução tecnológica acompanhou o desenvolvimento humano e suas necessidades, transformando os hábitos e os comportamentos dos indivíduos diante da sociedade. A invasão da tecnologia na vida das pessoas pode ser mais perceptível quando se trata da adolescência, pois nesta fase o indivíduo está se encontrando consigo mesmo e com o meio onde vive. Nesse contexto, além das transformações físicas, ocorrem também alterações psicológicas e a interferência tecnológica neste período pode acarretar em afastamento dos adolescentes da vida real, mudando seu modo de pensar, agir e se organizar diante do meio. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo, explorar e descrever aspectos relacionados ao uso do celular na adolescência, nas relações interpessoais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através de levantamento bibliográfico nos principais recursos que versam sobre o assunto como: artigos e livros. Pode-se concluir que a tecnologia possui consequências negativas e positivas. Ela auxilia os pais, escola e amigos na comunicação, organização de tarefas e localização dos adolescentes, mas ao mesmo tempo seu uso exacerbado pode prejudicar o relacionamento do adolescente com as pessoas e além disso, levar a depressão, problemas psicológicos e ao isolamento social. Diante dessa realidade é necessária a adoção de medidas que visem minimizar tais impactos.
PENEGAKAN KODE ETIK NOTARIS SEBAGAI UPAYA MENJAGA KEHORMATAN DAN KELUHURAN JABATAN NOTARIS
Authors: Kristiawan Yhan 
Published: October 2022

Indonesia sebagai negara hukum menjamin kesederajatan bagi setiap orang di muka hukum yang salah satunya dengan mewujudkan hak bagi setiap orang mendapat kepastian hukum melalui akta Notaris sebagai alat bukti tertulis yang bersifat otentik[1]. Dalam mewujudkan layanan publik, Notaris berkumpul dalam wadah Organisasi Notaris dan dilengkapi dengan Kode Etik Notaris serta alat perlengkapan Perkumpulan (Rapat anggota, Kepengurusan, Dewan Kehormatan, dan Mahkamah Perkumpulan). Kode Etik Notaris berperan dalam mencapai dan menjaga tujuan dari Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (INI) sebagai suatu Perkumpulan yaitu terpeliharanya keluhuran martabat jabatan Notaris. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, terdapat kewajiban bagi Notaris dan orang lain yang menjalankan tugas jabatan Notaris untuk mentaati Kode Etik Notaris yang dibentuk melalui Kongres. Kode Etik Notaris perlu untuk ditegakkan dan Dewan Kehormatan memiliki kewenangan untuk melakukan pembinaan, pengawasan, dan pemberian sanksi dalam rangka penegakan Kode Etik Notaris. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan pengaturan-pengaturan dalam Kode Etik Notaris dalam kaitannya dengan penegakan Kode Etik Notaris dalam perannya mencapai tujuan perkumpulan yaitu terjaganya kehormatan dan keluhuran jabatan Notaris. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada data sekunder yang terdiri dari Kode Etik Notaris, peraturan perundang-undangan, referensi buku, dan informasi dari internet. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pengaturan-pengaturan dalam Kode Etik Notaris memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga kehormatan dan keluhuran jabatan Notaris melalui penegakan Kode Etik Notaris.[1] Indonesia, Undang-Undang Tentang Jabatan Notaris, UU No. 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan UU No. 30 Tahun 2004, LN Tahun 2014 Nomor 3, TLN Nomor 5491, Pasal 1 angka 7 menyebutkan “Akta Notaris yang selanjutnya disebut Akta adalah akta autentik yang dibuat oleh atau di hadapan Notaris menurut bentuk dan tata cara yang ditetapkan dalam Undang-Undang ini.”