bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the imbalance in the apolipoprotein E isoforms underlie the pathophysiological process of sporadic Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Lozupone Madia , Imbimbo Bruno Pietro , Balducci Claudia , Lo Vecchio Filomena , Bisceglia Paola , Latino Raffaela Rita , Leone Maurizio , Dibello Vittorio , Solfrizzi Vincenzo , Greco Antonio , Daniele Antonio , Watling Mark , Seripa Davide , Panza Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 299‐amino acid secreted glycoprotein binding cholesterol and phospholipids, and with three common isoforms (APOE ε2, APOE ε3, and APOE ε4). The exact mechanism by which APOE gene variants increase/decrease Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk is not fully understood, but APOE isoforms differently affect brain homeostasis and neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, glial function, synaptogenesis, oral/gut microbiota, neural networks, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, and tau‐mediated neurodegeneration. In this perspective, we propose a comprehensive interpretation of APOE‐mediated effects within AD pathophysiology, describing some specific cellular, biochemical, and epigenetic mechanisms and updating the different APOE‐targeting approaches being developed as potential AD therapies. Intracisternal adeno‐associated viral‐mediated delivery of APOE ε2 is being tested in AD APOE ε4/ε4 carriers, while APOE mimetics are being used in subjects with perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Other approaches including APOE ε4 antisense oligonucleotides, anti‐APOE ε4 monoclonal antibodies, APOE ε4 structure correctors, and APOE–Aβ interaction inhibitors produced positive results in transgenic AD mouse models.
Density, water, and swelling characteristics of cellular palm kernel oil bio‐polyol modified polyurethane toward more sustainable growing media application
Authors: Than Kok Tiong , Yu Lih Jiun , Chen Ruey Shan , Tarawneh Mou'ad A. , Lai Nai Yeen Gavin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeveloping a bio‐based polyol polyurethane foam with the desired properties for use as growing media for green vertical walls could be beneficial in the quest to create a more sustainable urban living. In this work, palm kernel oil‐based polyol (PKOP) was mixed with petroleum‐based polyol (PP) at different ratios in synthesizing polyurethane foam. The impacts of PKOP/PP formulation on the density, cell morphology, water absorption, water retention, swelling behavior, and their chemical functional groups were evaluated. It was determined that replacing PP with low levels of PKOP could reduce the water absorption ability due to the introduction of hydrophobic plant‐based fatty acids. On the contrary, polyurethane foam containing more than 30% PKOP has improved the water absorbing ability and retention properties. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicates that the synthesized foams are isocyanate‐free and stable toward pH changes. The trial planting attempt was a success where the plants were grown from seeds using the synthesized foam media. It was proposed that 50% PKOP is most suitable for use as a growing media, based on its water absorbing and retention properties. The findings of this study highlight the potential for the use of bio‐based polyol polyurethane foam for more sustainable growing media in urban gardens.
Influence of DBD treated nano‐Al2O3 on thermal and electrical insulation properties of epoxy nanocomposites at high temperatures
Authors: Zhu Guangyu , Chen Xiangrong , Hong Zelin , Awais Muhammad , Dai Chao , Meng Fanbo , Paramane Ashish , Wang Xin , Liu Weimin , Zhang Jianqun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the effect of addition of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma‐treated nano‐Al2O3 particles on electrical treeing characteristics of epoxy resin (EP) at 30, 60, and 90°C, respectively. The electrical treeing and simultaneous partial discharge measurements, surface potential decay, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrograms and differential scanning calorimetry are adopted to analyze the influence of plasma‐treated nano‐Al2O3 particles on the different insulation properties of EP and its composites. The results show that the high temperature adversely affects the electrical tree initiation, growth rate, and discharge activities of the EP nanocomposites. The DBD‐treated nano‐Al2O3 particles increase the electrical tree initiation voltage of the EP nanocomposites compared to the nanocomposite with the untreated nano‐Al2O3 particles. In contrast, the electrical tree growth rate decreases in the EP nanocomposite with the DBD treated nano‐Al2O3 particles at high temperatures. It is found that DBD treated nanoparticles affect the trap density and energy level of the composites by generating new chemical bonds, and then change their electrical properties. A charge carrier transport model is proposed to explain the obtained experimental results.
Synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of superadhesive melamine formaldehyde polyvinylpyrrolidone resins doped with metallic and graphene oxide nanoparticles for better industrial applications
Authors: Pan Sourav , Upadhyay Richa , Singh Sunita , Singh Man 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStructure of melamine‐formaldehyde‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (MFP) polymer resin prepared with melamine, formaldehyde, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at was determined using FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Physicochemical properties and thermal stability were analyzed with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. 1H NMR spectra showed doublet at 3.13 and 3.17 ppm due to neighboring electron‐deficient nitrogen and electron density of bridged carbon atoms. The 13C NMR have infrared vinyl chain, melamine, and pyrrolidone peak for , 48.72 ppm depicts C atom of between O and C atoms. Peak at 17.50 ppm inferred terminal of vinyl chain. FTIR stretching frequencies at 3426.38 and 2915.5 cm−1 vibrations depicted (tertiary amine), and group of vinyl chain of PVP, respectively. New band at 2350 cm−1 inferred –CH2 of formaldehyde attached with O atoms of PVP. MFP was doped with Fe3O4 (magnetic nanoparticles = MNPs), CaS (calcium sulfide), CaO, and graphene nanoparticles for reinforcement. Encapsulated Fe3O4–MFPR, CaS–MFPR, graphene oxide–MFPR are compared with MFPR alone. TGA inferred higher stability of Fe3O4–MFPR, CaS–MFPR.
Digitalisierung der Lieferkette im Betonbau – Stand der Entwicklungen und erste Standardisierungsmaßnahmen
Authors: Tercan Özgür , Vasilic Ksenija , Sievering Christoph , Wolber Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDie Lieferketten im Betonbau sind aufgrund der großen Anzahl von Schnittstellen zwischen verschiedenen Teilprozessen und Teilnehmern komplex. Informationsketten weisen in der Regel Diskontinuitäten beim Datenaustausch auf, da der Informationsaustausch häufig in analoger Form erfolgt. Andererseits sind durchgängige Informationsketten für einen stabilen und nachhaltigen Bauprozess erforderlich. Dieser Beitrag stellt das im Rahmen des Projekts SDaC entwickelte Konzept zur Digitalisierung sowie die ersten Schritte zur Standardisierung der Wertschöpfungs‐ und Lieferkette von Beton vor. Ziel ist es, eine durchgängige Informationskette mit reduzierter Verschwendung von Ressourcen zu schaffen.
“Sugary drinks” and graphic warning labels: Critique of a recent U.S. study of parents' beverage choices for their children
Authors: Rossiter John R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA laboratory experiment by U.S. public health researchers Hall et al. claimed to demonstrate that a graphic picture‐and‐text warning label placed on so‐called sugary drinks would substantially reduce parents' purchase of them for their children. Hall et al., however, misclassified the alleged “sugary drinks,” omitting those containing natural but equally harmful sugars such as fructose in fruit juice and lactose in milk. They also implied that artificially sweetened “non‐sugary” drinks are harmless when available research indicates otherwise. The experiment was further invalidated by the fact that warning labels are illegal in the U.S., and those that Hall et al. used would not be permitted in any case because they partially obscured the manufacturer's brand label. There were many other methodological problems with Hall et al.'s experiment, among them the failure to do what any competent consumer researcher would do—namely ask the parents afterwards why they made the choices that they did.
Biosynthesis of Menaquinone in E. coli: Identification of an Elusive Isomer of SEPHCHC
Authors: Fries Alexander , Mazzaferro Laura S. , Bisel Philippe , Hubrich Florian , Andexer Jennifer N. , Müller Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the biosynthesis of menaquinone in bacteria, the thiamine diphosphate‐dependent enzyme MenD catalyzes the decarboxylative carboligation of α‐ketoglutarate and isochorismate to (1R,2S,5S,6S)‐2‐succinyl‐5‐enolpyruvyl‐6‐hydroxycyclohex‐3‐ene‐1‐carboxylate (SEPHCHC). The regioisomer of SEPHCHC, namely (1R,5S,6S)‐2‐succinyl‐5‐enolpyruvyl‐6‐hydroxycyclohex‐2‐ene‐1‐carboxylate (iso‐SEPHCHC), has been considered as a possible product, however, its existence has been doubtful due to a spontaneous elimination of pyruvate from SEPHCHC to 2‐succinyl‐6‐hydroxy‐2,4‐cyclohexadiene‐1‐carboxylate (SHCHC). In this work, the regioisomer iso‐SEPHCHC was distinguished from SEPHCHC by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Iso‐SEPHCHC was purified and identified by NMR spectroscopy. Just as SEPHCHC remained hidden as a MenD product for more than two decades, its regioisomer iso‐SEPHCHC has remained until now.
Unraveling the Origin of the Regioselectivity of a Supramolecular Hydroformylation Catalyst
Authors: Linnebank Pim R. , Kluwer Alexander M. , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSupramolecular substrate preorganization using DIMPHos ligands, which are bisphosphine ligands equipped with a carboxylate binding site, allows for control over the regioselectivity in the hydroformylation reaction. In all reported examples, the aldehyde product in which the CO was inserted farthest from the directing group, was formed in excess (for terminal alkenes the linear aldehyde). We report here an in‐depth DFT study to provide mechanistic insight into this selective transformation. These calculations show large energy differences between the different hydride migration steps of competing pathways that lead to either the linear or branched aldehyde product, in line with the experimentally found selectivity. Through the use of calculated model systems of the catalyst, it is shown that the substrate binding event itself plays an important role in determining these large energy differences. Following ditopic substrate binding, the product forming pathways that lead to the minor isomeric product is particularly disfavored by the steric repulsion between the ditopically bound substrate and the apical coordinated CO ligand.
Fe‐Catalyzed Amidation of Allylic Alcohols by Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis
Authors: Wu Xiaoyun , Ma Wei , Tang Weijun , Xue Dong , Xiao Jianliang , Wang Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAllylic amines are useful building blocks in organic synthesis, so the development of green and efficient methods for the preparation of allylic amines are of great importance. An Fe‐catalyzed amidation of allylic alcohols with chiral tert‐butylsulfinamide has been developed. With water as the only by‐product, a range of synthetically useful chiral sulfinamide olefin derivatives (30 examples) were obtained under mild reaction conditions. The reaction can be performed on a gram‐scale, and the products could serve as chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds by an Fe‐catalyzed borrowing hydrogen process, which is different from most of the reported allylic amination reactions.
Catalytic oxidation of glycerol in alkaline medium – Influence of mass transport limitations
Authors: Namdeo Ashutosh , Jhaveri Jainesh H. , Mahajani Sanjay M. , Suresh Akkihebbal K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlycerol upgradation via oxidation is characterized by a complex reaction network, further complicated by the heterogeneous (gas/liquid/solid) nature of the reaction. Thus, rates and selectivities could be significantly modified by transport limitations, especially in industrial reactors. In this work, we have studied the reaction on supported Pd and Au catalysts under alkaline conditions, both in the absence and presence of transport resistances, both external and internal. Reaction pathways proposed on the basis of data under kinetic control have been used to rationalize the findings. Interestingly and counterintuitively, the selectivity to C3 compounds is better under the influence of mass transfer. This behaviour is because of the nature of the reaction, which involves solution‐mediated reactions in addition to the metal‐catalyzed reactions on the catalyst surface. These findings have important implications for the scale up of this reaction and process design methodology.
Determining key colors from a design perspective using dE‐means color clustering
Authors: Gijsenij Arjan , Vazirian Marjan , Spiers Peter , Westland Stephen , Koeckhoven Pim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDesigning a mood board is a creative tool designers often employ at the start of a new (interior) design project. The colors of a mood board represent important information about the envisioned interior designs. In this article, we focus on digital mood boards and we propose a novel method to determine the mood boards' key colors from a design perspective using dE‐means color clustering. This proposed algorithm includes a fixed initialization to overcome the non‐deterministic nature of traditional k‐means, and a merging step to ensure all colors in the calculated palette are at least a dE‐threshold apart. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in determining the key colors from a design perspective. Additionally, we introduce a novel method to visualize the calculated color palettes that takes into account the contribution of individual pixels to the construction of the calculated color palettes. Finally, we demonstrate how the proposed algorithm can be used to characterize color palettes for various design styles like modern, industrial and art deco.
NMR Relaxivities of Paramagnetic, Ultra‐High Spin Heterometallic Clusters within Polyoxometalate Matrix as a Function of Solvent and Metal Ion
Authors: Schork Nicolas , Ibrahim Masooma , Baksi Ananya , Krämer Steffen , Powell Annie K. , Guthausen Gisela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelectivity and image contrast are always challenging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are – inter alia – addressed by contrast agents. These compounds still need to be improved, and their relaxation properties, i. e., their paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE), needs to be understood. The main goal is to improve specificity and relaxivities, especially at the high magnetic fields currently exploited not only in material science but also in the medical environment. Longitudinal and transverse relaxivities, r1 and r2, which correspond to the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates R1 and R2, normalized to the concentration of the paramagnetic moieties, need to be considered because both contribute to the image contrast. 1H‐relaxivities r1 and r2 of high‐spin heterometallic clusters were studied containing lanthanide and transition‐metal ions within a polyoxometalate matrix. A wide range of magnetic fields from 0.5 T/20 MHz to 33 T/1.4 GHz was applied. The questions addressed here concern the rotational and diffusion correlation times which determine the relaxivities and are affected by the solvent's viscosity. Moreover, the variation of the lanthanide and transition‐metal ions of the clusters provided insights into the sensitivity of PRE with respect to the electron spin properties of the paramagnetic centers as well as cooperative effects between lanthanides and transition metal ions.
Microraft arrays for serial‐killer CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells and single cell isolation
Authors: LaBelle Cody A. , Zhang Raymond J. , Hunsucker Sally A. , Armistead Paul M. , Allbritton Nancy L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell immunotherapies have seen success in treating hematological malignancies in recent years; however, the results can be highly variable. Single cell heterogeneity plays a key role in the variable efficacy of CAR‐T cell treatments yet is largely unexplored. A major challenge is to understand the killing behavior and phenotype of individual CAR‐T cells, which are able to serially kill targets. Thus, a platform capable of measuring time‐dependent CAR‐T cell mediated killing and then isolating single cells for downstream assays would be invaluable in characterizing CAR‐T cells. An automated microraft array platform was designed to track CD19 CAR‐T cell killing of CD19+ target cells and CAR‐T cell motility over time followed by CAR‐T cell collection based on killing behavior. The platform demonstrated automated CAR‐T cell counting with up to 98% specificity and 96% sensitivity, and single cells were isolated with 89% efficiency. On average, 2.3% of single CAR‐T cells were shown to participate in serial‐killing of target cells, killing a maximum of three target cells in a 6 h period. The cytotoxicity and motility of >7000 individual CAR‐T cells was tracked across four microraft arrays. The automated microraft array platform measured temporal cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, CAR‐T cell motility, CAR‐T cell death, and CAR‐T cell to target cell distances, followed by the capability to sort any desired CAR‐T cell. The pipeline has the potential to further our understanding of T cell‐based cancer immunotherapies and improve cell‐therapy products for better patient outcomes.
Chew's first Delaunay triangulation refinement scheme‐based positioning of road side units for optimal network coverage in vehicular ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Selvakumari PrabathKumar , Lakshmi Sree Rathna , Sheela Divakaran , Chinnasamy Ambayiram 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe temporal network fragmentation and uncertain vehicle mobility are considered to impact the communication connectivity among the vehicular nodes of the network. In this context, road side units (RSUs) play an anchor role in enhancing the vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communication connectivity and support vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) communication. In the current scenario, deploying a huge number of RSUs in the vehicular networks at an initial stage is completely impossible as it incurs high installation cost and authority restriction. Moreover, the optimal placement of RSUs in the vehicular network needs to be enforced for attaining maximized network coverage. In this paper, Chew's first Delaunay triangulation refinement scheme (CFDTRS) is proposed for optimal positioning of RSUs in order to attain optimal network coverage in the vehicular network with minimized cost. This CFDTRS considered the factors of vehicular density, number of obstacles in the map, intersection popularity, and global coverage into account during the placement of RSUs. It is proposed with the objective of deploying required number of RSUs within the range of data transmission in order to achieve maximal coverage in the convex map, such that each area of the convex map is completely covered with at least a single RSU in the existence of multiple number of obstacles. The simulation results of the proposed CFDTRS attained from the real time situations of simplex, moderate, and complex maps confirmed improved packet delivery rate of 9.32%, throughput by 10.74% with minimized packet loss of 9.14%, and reduced end‐to‐end delay of 19.31$, compared to the benchmarked schemes considered for investigation.
Stabilization of fluvial bed sediments by invasive quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis)
Authors: Sanders Harry , Mason Richard J. , Mills Daniel N. , Rice Stephen P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRiver gravel mobility is an important control on river behaviour, morphology, and ecosystem processes. Gravel stability is dependent on abiotic flow and sediment properties, alongside less widely acknowledged biotic processes. The quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis), a highly invasive bivalve, frequently occurs at high population densities in rivers and lakes. Quagga mussels attach to benthic sediments using byssal threads, which might affect sediment stability and thereby broader river geomorphology. We aimed to (1) characterize controls of quagga mussel sediment attachment by conducting a field survey in an invaded river, (2) investigate resultant changes in the critical shear stress needed to entrain fluvial bed materials via an ex situ flume experiment, for measured average (135 m−2) and potential future (270 m−2) mussel densities, and (3) model how this may affect sediment transport rates. From field surveys, mean quagga mussel density was 122 m−2, attaching to an average of 591 g m−2 of mineral bed sediments. Across the survey reach, mussels attached to all grain sizes available, with attachment driven by grain availability, rather than active selection of particular grain sizes. In the ex situ flume experiment, densities of 135 mussels m−2 did not significantly increase the critical shear stress of fluvial bed materials, but a density of 270 mussels m−2 significantly increased critical shear stress by 40%. Estimates of the proportion of time these critical stresses are exceeded at the field site indicated high densities of quagga mussels may reduce the occurrence of a geomorphically active flood event from Q30 to Q2. These results present feasible invasion scenarios, as quagga mussels frequently reach benthic densities orders of magnitude greater than observed here. This study indicates that substantial alterations to bedload sediment transport may occur following quagga mussel invasion. Future geomorphic modelling should include biology to better understand rates and processes of landscape development.
Perfluorononanoate and Perfluorobutane Sulfonate Induce Cardiotoxic Effects in Zebrafish
Authors: Gong Hongjian , Du Juan , Xu Jia , Yang Yuan , Lu Hui , Xiao Han 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Globally, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are common artificial ingredients in industrial and consumer products. Recently, they have been shown to be an emerging human health risk. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)/perfluorononanoate and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS)/perfluorobutane sulfonate cause reproductive toxicity and hepatotoxicity, disrupt thyroid functions, and damage embryonic development in zebrafish. However, the cardiotoxic effects of PFNA and PFBS have not been fully established. We found that PFNA and PFBS exposures repress hatchability while increasing malformation and mortality in zebrafish embryos. Hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as assessment of the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(myl7:nDsRed) revealed that exposure of embryos to PFNA increases the occurrence of severe cardiac malformations relative to exposure to PFBS. Moreover, we evaluated the differential expressions of cardiac development-associated genes in response to PFNA and PFBS, which validated the potential cardiotoxic effects, consistent with cardiac dysfunctions. Overall, our findings reveal novel cardiotoxic effects of PFNA and PFBS in zebrafish, implying that they may exert some cardiotoxic effect in humans. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study to show that PFNA exerts more severe cardiotoxic effects in zebrafish when compared with PFBS. Based on these findings, studies should evaluate the mechanisms of their cardiotoxic effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2527–2536. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.