bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term mortality following tramadol poisonings in Denmark
Authors: Sørensen Anne Mette Skov , Petersen Janne , Christensen Mikkel Bring , Schelde Astrid Blicher , Andersen Jon Trærup , Jimenez Solem Espen , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTramadol is a commonly used opioid with a potential of addiction and abuse. Using Danish nationwide registers, we aimed to (1) characterise opioid poisonings; (2) assess the 30‐day mortality following morphine, oxycodone, and mixed poisonings compared to tramadol poisonings; and (3) assess the development in tramadol poisonings during a 12‐year period.Poisonings were identified from 2006 to 2017. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 30‐day mortality following morphine, oxycodone or mixed poisonings compared to tramadol poisonings.We identified 7718 opioid poisonings among 6365 patients. The patients with a tramadol poisoning were younger and had less comorbidities than the patients with a morphine, oxycodone or mixed poisoning. Within 30 days, a total of 205 patients died. The 30‐day mortality risk was higher following morphine (aHR 3.2, 95% CI 2.0–5.1), oxycodone (aHR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.6) and mixed poisonings (aHR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.7) compared to tramadol poisonings. The annual number of tramadol poisonings increased from 233 in 2006 to 501 in 2013 and declined to 348 in 2017.In conclusion, despite a lower mortality risk compared to other opioid poisonings, physicians should consider the poisoning and abuse risks when prescribing tramadol.
Maternal color‐consciousness is related to more positive and less negative attitudes toward ethnic‐racial outgroups in children in White Dutch families
Authors: Mesman Judi , de Bruijn Ymke , van Veen Daudi , Pektas Fadime , Emmen Rosanneke A. G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA prerequisite to anti‐racist socialization in families is acknowledging ethnic‐racial (power) differences, also known as color‐consciousness. In a sample of 138 White Dutch families from the urban Western region of the Netherlands with children aged 6–10 years (53% girls), observations and questionnaires on maternal color‐consciousness and measures of children's attitudes toward Black and Middle‐Eastern ethnic‐racial outgroups were collected in 2018–2019. Variable‐centered analyses showed that maternal color‐conscious socialization practices were related to less negative child outgroup attitudes only. Person‐centered analysis revealed a cluster of families with higher maternal color‐consciousness and less prejudiced child attitudes, and a cluster with the opposite pattern. The mixed results emphasize the importance of multiple methods and approaches in advancing scholarship on anti‐racism in the family context.
The safety of pranlukast and montelukast during the first trimester of pregnancy: A prospective, two‐centered cohort study in Japan
Authors: Hatakeyama Shiro , Goto Mikako , Yamamoto Ayaka , Ogura Jiro , Watanabe Norikazu , Tsutsumi Seiji , Yakuwa Naho , Yamane Ritsuko , Nagase Satoru , Takahashi Kunihiko , Kosaki Rika , Murashima Atsuko , Yamaguchi Hiroaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), especially pranlukast, safety data during pregnancy is limited. Therefore, we conducted a prospective, two‐centered cohort study using data from teratogen information services in Japan to clarify the effects of LTRA exposure during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes. Pregnant women who being counseled on drug use during pregnancy at two facilities were enrolled. The primary outcome of this study was major congenital anomalies. The incidence of major congenital anomalies in women exposed to montelukast or pranlukast during the first trimester of pregnancy was compared with that of controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the effects of maternal LTRA use during the first trimester of pregnancy on major congenital anomalies. The outcomes of 231 pregnant women exposed to LTRAs (montelukast n = 122; pranlukast n = 106; both n = 3) and 212 live births were compared with those of controls. The rate of major congenital anomalies in the LTRA group was 1.9%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that LTRA exposure was not a risk factor for major congenital anomalies (adjusted odds ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–2.05; p = 0.653). In addition, no significant difference was detected in stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, and low birth weight between the two groups. The present study revealed that montelukast and pranlukast were not associated with the risk of major congenital anomalies. Our findings suggest that LTRAs could be safely employed for asthma therapy during pregnancy.
Molar‐incisor hypomineralisation: Knowledge and perception of Syrian undergraduate and postgraduate dental students
Authors: Hamza Blend , Karkoutly Mawia , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Bshara Nada 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDentists' knowledge and expertise, especially in their early career, are primarily shaped during undergraduate studies. This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of Syrian under‐ and postgraduate students regarding diagnosing and managing molar‐incisor hypomineralisation (MIH)‐affected teeth.Materials and MethodsFinal‐year dental students (FY‐students), postgraduates in paediatric dentistry (PD‐postgraduates) and postgraduates in other lines of specialty (OS‐postgraduates) in all Syrian dental schools were invited to participate in an established web‐based survey covering the knowledge and attitudes regarding the prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and management of MIH. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact/chi‐squared tests at 5%.ResultsIn total, 1142 post‐ and undergraduate students from six public and five private dental schools in Syria participated in this study (867 FY‐students, 74 PD‐postgraduates and 201 OS‐postgraduates). PD‐postgraduates were found to present statistically significantly better knowledge regarding MIH compared with the two other groups. Only 19% of FY‐students and 54% of OS‐postgraduates reported themselves familiar with MIH (compared with 97% of PD‐postgraduates). Similarly, 18% of FY‐students and 27% of OS‐postgraduates were capable of diagnosing MIH (compared with 81% of PD‐postgraduates). Stainless‐steel crowns and direct composite fillings were chosen as most suitable for treating MIH‐affected molars from all responders.ConclusionsFY‐students and even OS‐postgraduates in Syria lack knowledge and confidence when confronted with MIH. The university curricula need to include more educational materials to equip the students with the necessary tools to manage MIH clinically.
Knowledge and attitude in implant dentistry training courses amongst undergraduate dental students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Moeini Golnoosh , Ghazanfari Rezvaneh , Habibzadeh Sareh , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDue to the increase of implant treatments in daily practice, graduates should be well acquainted with appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge in implantology. This study sought to assess the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate students towards the benefits of their courses in the implant dentistry curriculum.Materials and MethodsThis survey study was performed on all senior dental students at Pardis International Campus, School of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire containing various items on knowledge and attitude. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were already approved. Collected data were coded, entered in Microsoft Excel 2019, and analysed byt‐test (α = .05).ResultsForty questionnaires were filled out by 28 female and 12 male students. Only 7.5% and 12.5% of students reported that they had adequate knowledge to conduct the surgical and prosthetic steps of dental implant treatment, respectively. The majority of students had a positive attitude towards the quality of theoretical education. However, less than 50% of them perceived the same about their practical education. No significant difference existed between male and female students regarding their responses to the knowledge and attitude questions (p = .458 andp = .288, respectively). Ninety percent of the students felt the need for further education regarding dental implant treatment in the undergraduate curriculum.ConclusionDespite the satisfaction of the theoretical knowledge, most senior students believed that they did not achieve adequate expertise to practice after graduation and were willing to receive further practical training in implantology.
Hippocampus mediates nocebo impairment of opioid analgesia through changes in functional connectivity
Authors: Bingel Ulrike , Wiech Katja , Ritter Christoph , Wanigasekera Vishvarani , Ní Mhuircheartaigh Roisin , Lee Michael C. , Ploner Markus , Tracey Irene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe neural mechanisms underlying placebo analgesia have attracted considerable attention over the recent years. In contrast, little is known about the neural underpinnings of a nocebo‐induced increase in pain. We previously showed that nocebo‐induced hyperalgesia is accompanied by increased activity in the hippocampus that scaled with the perceived level of anxiety. As a key node of the neural circuitry of perceived threat and fear, the hippocampus has recently been proposed to coordinate defensive behaviour in a context‐dependent manner. Such a role requires close interactions with other regions involved in the detection of and responses to threat. Here, we investigated the functional connectivity of the hippocampus during nocebo‐induced hyperalgesia. Our results show an increase in functional connectivity between hippocampus and brain regions implicated in the processing of sensory‐discriminative aspects of pain (posterior insula and primary somatosensory/motor cortex) as well as the periaqueductal grey. This nocebo‐induced increase in connectivity scaled with an individual's increase in anxiety. Moreover, hippocampus connectivity with the amygdala was negatively correlated with the pain intensity reported during nocebo hyperalgesia relative to the placebo condition. Our findings suggest that the hippocampus links nocebo‐induced anxiety to a heightened responsiveness to nociceptive input through changes in its crosstalk with pain‐modulatory brain areas.
Host plants and insecticides shape the evolution of genetic and clonal diversity in a major aphid crop pest
Authors: Roy Lise , Barrès Benoit , Capderrey Cécile , Mahéo Frédérique , Micoud Annie , Hullé Maurice , Simon Jean‐Christophe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of pesticide resistance at the landscape scale is essential to anticipate the evolution and spread of new resistance phenotypes. In crop mosaics, host plant specialization in pest populations is likely to dampen the spread of pesticide resistance between different crops even in mobile pests such as aphids. Here, we assessed the contribution of host‐based genetic differentiation to the dynamics of resistance alleles in Myzus persicae, a major aphid pest which displays several insecticide resistance mechanisms. We obtained a representative sample of aphids from a crop mosaic through a suction trap for 7 years and from various crops as a reference collection. We genotyped these aphids at 14 microsatellite markers and four insecticide‐resistant loci, analyzed the genetic structure, and assigned host‐based genetic groups from field‐collected aphids. Four well‐defined genetic clusters were found in aerial samples, three of which with strong association with host‐plants. The fourth group was exclusive to aerial samples and highly divergent from the others, suggesting mixture with a closely related taxon of M. persicae associated with unsampled plants. We found a sharp differentiation between individuals from peach and herbaceous plants. Individuals from herbaceous hosts were separated into two genetic clusters, one more strongly associated with tobacco. The 4‐loci resistance genotypes showed a strong association with the four genetic clusters, indicative of barriers to the spread of resistance. However, we found a small number of clones with resistant alleles on multiple host‐plant species, which may spread insecticide resistance between crops. The 7‐year survey revealed a rapid turn‐over of aphid genotypes as well as the emergence, frequency increase and persistence of clones with resistance to several families of insecticides. This study highlights the importance of considering landscape‐scale population structure to identify the risk of emergence and spread of insecticide resistance for a particular crop.
Autologously transplanted dermis‐derived cells alleviated monobenzone‐induced vitiligo in mouse
Authors: Erdoğan Aslı , Mutlu Hasan Serdar , Solakoğlu Seyhun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVitiligo is a depigmentation disease which affects skin and hair follicles with a prevalence of 0.5%–1% worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate treatmental potential of dermis‐derived cells in monobenzone (MBEH)‐induced mouse vitiligo model with light and electron microscopy. MBEH (40%) cream was topically applied to C57BL/6 mice until depigmentation occured in vitiligo and experimental groups. In experimental groups, dermis‐derived cells obtained from back skin biopsy samples before induction of vitiligo, were injected intradermally to vitiligo mice. On Days 3 and 15 after cell transplantation to experimental groups, skin biopsies were compared with biopsies of control and vitiligo groups. Dermis‐derived cells obtained from back skin biopsy samples of experimental groups showed nestin and versican immunoreactivity. Melanin in hair follicles of control group was detected by histochemical stainings (Haematoxylin and eosin and Fontana–Masson) whereas sparse melanin granules were observed in hair follicles of vitiligo group. In experimental groups, there was an increase in the number of hair follicles with melanin compared with vitiligo group. We observed MART‐1 immunoreactive cells mostly around the hair follicles in control group and within dermis in vitiligo group. Electron microscopic investigation showed presence of melanosomes in hair follicles of control group and lacking in vitiligo group. In experimental groups, both type of hair follicles were observed with electron microscope. Our data suggest that autologously transplanted dermis‐derived cells may be effective in vitiligo treatment by contrubuting to melanin production.
Keratinocyte EGF signalling dominates in atopic dermatitis lesions: A comparative RNAseq analysis
Authors: Timms Kate , Guo Hui , Arkwright Peter , Pennock Joanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) remains a highly heterogenous disorder with a multifactorial aetiology. Whilst keratinocytes are known to play a fundamental role in AD, their contribution to the overall immune landscape in moderate‐to‐severe AD is still poorly understood. In order to design new therapeutics, further investigation is needed into common disease pathways at the molecular level. We used publicly available whole‐tissue RNAseq data (4 studies) and single‐cell RNAseq keratinocyte data to identify genes/pathways that are involved in keratinocyte responses in AD and after dupilumab treatment. Transcripts present in both keratinocytes (single‐cell) and whole‐tissue, referred to as the keratinocyte‐enriched lesional skin (KELS) genes, were analysed using functional/pathway analysis. Following statistical testing, 2049 genes (16.8%) were differentially expressed in KELS. Enrichment analyses predicted increases in not only type‐1/type‐2 immune signalling and chemoattraction, but also in EGF‐dominated growth factor signalling. We identified complex crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells involving a dominant EGF family signature which converges on keratinocytes with potential immunomodulatory and chemotaxis‐promoting consequences. Although keratinocytes express the IL4R, we observed no change in EGF signalling in KELS after three‐month treatment with dupilumab, indicating that this pathway is not modulated by dupilumab immunotherapy. EGF family signalling is significantly dysregulated in AD lesions but is not associated with keratinocyte proliferation. EGF signalling pathways in AD require further study.
Effects of fire on CO2, CH4, and N2O exchange in a well‐drained Arctic heath ecosystem
Authors: Hermesdorf Lena , Elberling Bo , D'Imperio Ludovica , Xu Wenyi , Lambæk Anders , Ambus Per L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWildfire frequency and expanse in the Arctic have increased in recent years and are projected to increase further with changes in climatic conditions due to warmer and drier summers. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge about the impacts such events may have on the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balances in Arctic ecosystems. We investigated in situ effects of an experimental fire in 2017 on carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) surface fluxes in the most abundant tundra ecosystem in West Greenland in ambient and warmer conditions. Measurements from the growing seasons 2017 to 2019 showed that burnt areas became significant net CO2 sources for the entire study period, driven by increased ecosystem respiration (ER) immediately after the fire and decreased gross ecosystem production (GEP). Warming by open‐top chambers significantly increased both ER and GEP in control, but not in burnt plots. In contrast to CO2, measurements suggest that the overall sink capacity of atmospheric CH4, as well as net N2O emissions, were not affected by fire in the short term, but only immediately after the fire. The minor effects on CH4 and N2O, which was surprising given the significantly higher nitrate availability observed in burnt plots. However, the minor effects are aligned with the lack of significant effects of fire on soil moisture and soil temperature. Net uptake and emissions of all three GHG from burnt soils were less temperature‐sensitive than in the undisturbed control plots. Overall, this study highlights that wildfires in a typical tundra ecosystem in Greenland may not lead to markedly increased net GHG emissions other than CO2. Additional investigations are needed to assess the consequences of more severe fires.
Linking soil phosphorus with forest litterfall resistance and resilience to cyclone disturbance: A pantropical meta‐analysis
Authors: Bomfim Barbara , Walker Anthony P. , McDowell William H. , Zimmerman Jess K. , Feng Yanlei , Kueppers Lara M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile tropical cyclone regimes are shifting with climate change, the mechanisms underpinning the resistance (ability to withstand disturbance‐induced change) and resilience (capacity to return to pre‐disturbance reference) of tropical forest litterfall to cyclones remain largely unexplored pantropically. Single‐site studies in Australia and Hawaii suggest that litterfall on low‐phosphorus (P) soils is more resistant and less resilient to cyclones. We conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the pantropical importance of total soil P in mediating forest litterfall resistance and resilience to 22 tropical cyclones. We evaluated cyclone‐induced and post‐cyclone litterfall mass (g/m2/day), and P and nitrogen (N) fluxes (mg/m2/day) and concentrations (mg/g), all indicators of ecosystem function and essential for nutrient cycling. Across 73 case studies in Australia, Guadeloupe, Hawaii, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Taiwan, total litterfall mass flux increased from ~2.5 ± 0.3 to 22.5 ± 3 g/m2/day due to cyclones, with large variation among studies. Litterfall P and N fluxes post‐cyclone represented ~5% and 10% of the average annual fluxes, respectively. Post‐cyclone leaf litterfall N and P concentrations were 21.6 ± 1.2% and 58.6 ± 2.3% higher than pre‐cyclone means. Mixed‐effects models determined that soil P negatively moderated the pantropical litterfall resistance to cyclones, with a 100 mg P/kg increase in soil P corresponding to a 32% to 38% decrease in resistance. Based on 33% of the resistance case studies, total litterfall mass flux reached pre‐disturbance levels within one‐year post‐disturbance. A GAMM indicated that soil P, gale wind duration and time post‐cyclone jointly moderate the short‐term resilience of total litterfall, with the nature of the relationship between resilience and soil P contingent on time and wind duration. Across pantropical forests observed to date, our results indicate that litterfall resistance and resilience in the face of intensifying cyclones will be partially determined by total soil P.
“We all like you […], stay calm”—My journey from an unappreciated and not listened to a promising and supported researcher
Authors: Galante Vinicius 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, my purpose is to explore the issue of sexism in businesses and business schools from a subjectivist and experiential perspective. In order to do that, I used autobiographic narratives of events that have happened to me throughout my life as a method of data generation, providing critical accounts of my lived experience, in the light of the theoretical lens by which I address the topic. Considering gender as a performative act that is fundamental to the process of our subjectivation, I argue that being a black queer man results in the impossibility of performing an intelligible gender in the realms of businesses and business schools in three fashions: first, by the impossibility of performing hegemonic (white) masculinity; second, by the impossibility of performing a subordinated tough masculinity; and third, by the prohibition of performing femininity, considering the prevailing misogyny in societies. I suggest that this impossibility of gendering myself and, hence, becoming a subject could be challenged by a coalition with white, cis, heterosexual, and in positions of power, allies, and potential alliances, which connect individual and collective resistance acts.
Serum inflammatory markers and leukocyte profiles accurately describe hidradenitis suppurativa disease severity
Authors: Andriano Tyler M. , Benesh Gabrielle , Babbush Kayla M. , Hosgood H. Dean , Lin Juan , Cohen Steven R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory markers and leukocyte profiles have not been longitudinally evaluated as objective signs of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) severity. We sought to assess C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and leukocyte profiles as reliable indicators of HS severity.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 404 patients seen at the Einstein/Montefiore HS Center, Bronx, New York, between March 2019 and November 2020. Associations of disease severity (HS‐Physician Global Assessment) with inflammatory markers and leukocyte profiles were assessed by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) incorporating up to four visits per patient, adjusting for baseline gender, age, BMI, and smoking status.ResultsPatients with severe disease had elevated CRP (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.49, 2.34), ESR (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03, 1.04), IL‐6 (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.00, 1.16), leukocytes (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.14, 1.31), neutrophils (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.20, 1.42), eosinophils (OR 14.40; 95% CI 2.97, 69.74), basophils (OR 2.53; 95% CI 1.09, 5.85), monocytes (OR 5.36; 95% CI 2.49, 11.53), and neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratios (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.35, 1.96) but decreased lymphocytes (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.68, 1.10).ConclusionsThis novel longitudinal study of inflammatory markers and leukocyte profiles offers critical laboratory measures to confirm clinically determined disease severity over time.