bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia in Forensic Psychiatry
Authors: Seamon Amanda , Groth Cassandra M. , Surya Sandarsh , Rosenquist Peter B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Long-term institutionalization of the forensic psychiatry patient population places a psychological burden on patients and family members as well as a financial burden on the health care system at large. Although electroconvulsive therapy is a well-established tool for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it is infrequently used in the forensic setting. This review serves to demonstrate an example of electroconvulsive therapy in combination with clozapine as a means of reducing length of hospitalization in a forensic psychiatric patient. Furthermore, this review will discuss factors limiting the prescribing of electroconvulsive therapy to this patient population including ethical considerations and availability.
An Examination of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Delivery of Care in Delirious Mania
Authors: Reinfeld Samuel , Yacoub Adeeb 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
Delirious mania is a severe life-threatening syndrome, often misdiagnosed, and eminently treatable as a variant of catatonia. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive examination of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) parameters and clinical features, as well as describe the delivery of care of the patients with delirious mania.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted of the ECT records at Stony Brook University Hospital from years 2014 to 2021. We characterized demographic and clinical variables, including psychiatric diagnoses and ECT parameters of patients identified with delirious mania.

Results
We identified 8 cases (3 women) of delirious mania with 8 corresponding acute treatment series. The mean age was 43.2 ± 12.6 years (range, 23–59 years). There were a total of 55 sessions performed with an average of 6.9 ± 2.6 (range, 5–13); 45 (82%) were bilateral (bifrontal or bitemporal) and 10 (18%) were right unilateral electrode placement. In 40 (73%) of the sessions, a high-energy stimulus was used (>60%, or 302 millicoulombs). Seizure duration measured on electroencephalogram was 47.4 ± 25.9 seconds (range, 0–143 seconds). Motor seizure duration measured on electromyogram was 32.7 ± 14.9 seconds (range, 0–66 seconds). In 6 cases, ECT was delayed for 10 days, and patients were given inappropriate treatments. High-dose antipsychotics caused worsened aggression and hemodynamic instability requiring physical restraints in 50% of cases.

Conclusions
The clinical presentation of delirious mania remains poorly recognized, and its treatment is often delayed, which may result in negative outcomes. Bilateral ECT with high-energy dosing yielded a rapid remission of symptoms.
Effect of an Educational Video and Information Pamphlet on Knowledge and Attitudes About Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Shin Selina , Ho Joanna , Francis-Taylor Rohan , Wells Karen , Halliday Graeme , Jacek Sarah , Lah Suncica 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered an effective, yet underused and stigmatized form of psychiatric treatment. Public misconception can impact informed decision making, and therefore, it is important to educate the community with accurate and realistic representations of modern ECT. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to brief information packages developed in Australia leads to changes in attitudes and knowledge about ECT.

Methods
A sample of 100 undergraduate psychology students and 88 volunteers from the general public were randomly allocated to view 1 of 3 resource packages (each containing an information pamphlet and videos totaling ~15 minutes): Concord Centre for Mental Health—Revised, Concord Centre for Mental Health—Original, and a generic information package on depression. Participants' attitudes and knowledge of ECT were assessed before and after psychoeducation using the Questionnaire on Attitudes and Knowledge of ECT (QuAKE).

Results
Participants in the student and general population exposed to either ECT resource package showed significantly improved attitudes and knowledge of ECT compared with participants exposed to generic information about depression and its treatment. A fine-grained analysis of the QuAKE revealed that, although many aspects of knowledge and attitudes improved after exposure to ECT information packages, some remained unchanged.

Conclusions
Brief education through information resources in video and written format can markedly improve attitudes and knowledge toward ECT. Further research is recommended to determine whether the resources contribute to informed decision making of consumers with mental illness, especially those who are candidates for ECT.
Probiotics as a biotherapeutics for the management and prevention of respiratory tract diseases
Authors: Debnath Nabendu , Kumar Ashwani , Yadav Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRespiratory diseases are responsible for a greater mortality rate around the world. Viral or bacterial infections in the respiratory tract have been identified as major causative agents for death and disability among the population. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) cause severe respiratory ailments starting from coldlike symptoms, eventually affecting the lungs and other viscera, and are mainly categorized into two types depending on the affected area: upper RTIs and lower RTIs. Respiratory viruses belong to several viral families such as influenza virus, enterovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and recently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Studies have indicated that people with good immune functions are less prone to respiratory infections and also their recovery rate is quicker. Innate and acquired immune systems actively participate in the recognition and elimination of the pathogenic agents. In the present context, the potential of probiotics is recognized as viable microorganisms that support the balance of the beneficial microbial population in the gastrointestinal tract and promote host immunity. The probiotics have long been known to regulate bodily immune functions and have been used against general RTIs such as cough, pharyngitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, and asthma. In addition, intervention with probiotics could directly affect the composition of the gut microbiota that have been shown to palliate respiratory diseases by modulating pulmonary immune activities through the gut–lung axis, and therefore, probiotics could become an alternative therapeutic approach for RTIs.
Intact Polar and Core Tetraether Lipids in Sediments from the Haiyang 4 Cold‐seep of the Northern South China Sea and their Implications
Authors: LI Yuejiao , SU Xin , JIAO Lu , CHEN Fang , CHENG Sihai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA number of cold seeps have been discovered in the northern South China Sea (SCS) including the Haiyang 4 cold‐seep area where Core 973‐5 was collected. Intact polar lipids (IPLs) and core lipids (CLs) were analyzed separately in sediments from Core 973‐5. The most abundant lipid biomarkers were isoprenoidal GDGTs (isoGDGTs), with Crenarchaeol and GDGT‐0 predominating. IPL‐isoGDGTs and CL‐isoGDGTs were mainly derived from Thaumarchaeota. IPL‐isoGDGTs were mainly produced and retained in situ thus containing most of the in situ microbiological information. Branched GDGTs were predominantly derived from generated in marine production, and mixed with some terrestrial inputs. All IPLs groups presented a high value in the sulfate‐methane transition zone (SMTZ). Furthermore, IPL and CL‐MI, IPL‐R0/4 showed the highest values within the SMTZ, while IPL and CL‐R4/i had the lowest values at the SMTZ, suggesting that the contribution of Methanophila and methanogenic to GDGTs increased, while the contribution of ammonia‐oxidizing Archaea to GDGTs decreased at the SMTZ.
CEO overconfidence and the tone of press release
Authors: Gong Rong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how CEO overconfidence affects the tone of press releases. Using option‐based proxies for CEO overconfidence, I find that over the 2000–2018 period, the press releases issued by firms with overconfident CEOs have more positive tone and receive more positive market reactions. The relation between CEO overconfidence and the tone of press releases is stronger among firms with good operating performance and concentrated in investment‐related news but is insignificant for earnings news. These findings suggest that CEO overconfidence leads to biases in press releases.
Toxic chemical releases and idiosyncratic return volatility: A prospect theory perspective
Authors: Bahadar Stephen , Nadeem Muhammad , Zaman Rashid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated whether and how firms’ toxic chemical releases (TCRs) affect idiosyncratic return volatility (IRV) using a prospect theory lens. Utilising a large sample of US public listed firms over the period 2001–2018, we find a significant and positive association between TCRs and IRV, suggesting that firms releasing more toxic chemicals have higher IRV. Additional analyses show that a positive association between TCR and IRV is more evident among firms with (i) high revenue, (ii) lower financial constraints and (iii) fewer environmental violations. A further test also suggests that a positive association between TCRs and IRV is contingent on political leadership ideology and market states. Our results remain consistent with weighted TCRs, IRV based on the Fama–French three‐factor model, fixed‐effect two‐stage least square estimator (FE‐2SLS), and other robustness checks. These findings shed light on the role of equity markets as a driver for capital‐intensive pollution abatement activities and enhanced compliance with environmental laws, standards and best practices.
ThePost‐PoliticalViolence of Racial Property Regimes: Maintaining Gardens’ Land Insecurity through Abstract Codes in East Harlem,NYC
Authors: Gailloux Chantal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSix community gardens on City‐owned land in East Harlem have been evicted and relocated for a private mixed‐income and mixed‐use development under Mayor de Blasio’s citywide affordable housing plan, Housing New York. Although the licence agreements enabling gardeners to use public land contained a clerical error concerning which lots gardeners could use, public–private coalitions generating urban space production forcefully affirmed their authority on the interpretation of documents, feeding into the bureaucratic violence of spatial abstraction and racial land injustice. Licence agreements are devices of control over space and its users, and tools of abstraction toward accumulation and racial capitalism. Black and Brown community gardeners have led efforts of urban regeneration when the City rolled back public services in inner‐city neighbourhoods and appropriated land improvements through licence agreements. Housing New York is now catalysing urban regeneration—or City‐led gentrification—for middle‐income and wealthy earners in neighbourhoods with a past of decline. Through the violent story of spatial abstraction and commodification of land used as community gardens, I show how the contestation around a piece of land during participatory governance unfolds through the state’s demonstration of authority with an aura of legality and transparency.
Expanding donor age in liver transplantation using liver grafts from nonagenarian donors
Authors: Caso Maestro Oscar , Justo Alonso Iago , Marcacuzco Quinto Alberto , Manrique Municio Alejandro , Calvo Pulido Jorge , García‐Sesma Alvaro , Jiménez‐Romero Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSatisfactory outcomes in a series of liver transplantations (LT) with octogenarian liver grafts have been reported, as well as several cases of LT using nonagenarian liver grafts with short follow‐up.MethodsFrom October 2013 to December 2019, we performed 426 LT. Six LTs used nonagenarian livers (case group) and 49 used octogenarian livers (control group). A comparative analysis was performed between groups. Median donor age was significantly higher in the nonagenarian group than in the octogenarian group (90.6 years versus 83.4 years; (P < .001). There was a significant difference in LT indications (P = .026) between the groups, but not in perioperative recipient variables, morbidity, or mortality. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year patient survival rates were 67.7% in the recipients of nonagenarian livers and 85.7%, 78.0%, and 74.4%, respectively, in the recipients of octogenarian livers (P = .631). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year graft survival rates were 66.7% in the recipients of nonagenarian livers and 81.3%, 73.8%, and 70.3%, respectively, in the recipients of octogenarian livers (P = .745).ConclusionsThe results of LT with nonagenarian liver grafts are not significantly different from those obtained with octogenarian donors, taking into consideration the small sample size and careful selection of donors and adequate donor‐recipient matching.
The role of prehabilitation on short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation: A review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Vinaixa Carmen , Martínez Palli Graciela , Milliken Donald , Sellers Daniel , Dharancy Sebastien , Spiro Michael , Aristotle Raptis Dimitri , Samuel Didier ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrehabilitation programs as part of ERAS protocols are being increasingly used in multiple surgeries, improving postoperative outcomes. Data regarding prehabilitation programs in patients awaiting liver transplantation and their outcomes is scarce.ObjectivesTo identify whether prehabilitation programs based on exercise training conducted prior to liver transplantation improve short‐term postoperative outcomes, and to provide expert panel recommendations.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.MethodsSystematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. Studies included those evaluating postoperative outcomes, as well as those evaluating functional outcomes. PROSPERO ID: CRD42021236305.ResultsOf the 170 studies screened, only one assessed the primary objective. Most studies focus on the preoperative impact of exercise training on aerobic capacity, muscle mass and/or strength, showing positive effects and no significant adverse events, but are underpowered and with heterogenous designs and interventions. The non‐randomized observational study which assessed relevant postoperative outcomes, showed a non‐significant trend towards reduced 90‐day readmission rate and shorter length of stay in the prehabilitation group.ConclusionsPrehabilitation prior to liver transplantation is unlikely to be harmful, and likely to have short term benefits on functional status. We cautiously recommend prehabilitation on the basis of absence of harm and possibility of benefit (Quality of Evidence; Very Low | Grade of Recommendation; Low).
An Approach for Selecting a Model for the Assessment of Potentially Contaminated Sites
Authors: Yadav Prabhas K. , Daulat Shamsuddin , Birla Sandhya , Hernandes Natalia Nogueira , Liedl Rudolf , Chahar Bhagu Ram 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAssessment of potentially contaminated sites (PCS) can be expensive; hence, simple and less demanding methods and models are required. This work attempts to provide an approach that can aid in selecting the most appropriate model for the PCS. The developed method uses over 100 field site data to evaluate four test models (analytical/empirical) that provide the maximum plume length (Lmax), which is used as a principal model ranking quantity in this work. Analysis of site data shows that field plume length (Lf) follows a log‐normal distribution. Subsequently, Lmax is delineated with respect to Lf using a threshold probability as underestimating, overestimating, and overly‐overestimating. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) are considered to support the threshold approach results. The classical AIC is modified (to AICmod) to fit the term represented by the difference between Lf and Lmax. Additionally, the threshold factors as a product of subjective weights are added to the AICmod. Using Lf and Lmax, the AICmod provides a distinct ranking of the test models. For the AHP approach, the goodness of fit, underestimation, overly overestimation, and model complexity are the four chosen criteria. Similar to AICmod, the AHP approach provides a distinct ranking of the test models. The final decision on the best fitting model can be made on user criteria following the scheme developed in this work.
Phase II trial of nivolumab monotherapy and biomarker screening in patients with chemo‐refractory germ cell tumors
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Kawai Koji , Kojima Takahiro , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Sakka Shotarou , Kandori Shuya , Negoro Hiromitsu , Mathis Bryan J , Maruo Kazushi , Miura Koji , Sakamoto Noriaki , Shinohara Nobuo , Yamashita Shinichi , Yonemori Kan , Kishida Takeshi , Ukimura Osamu , Nishimura Kazuo , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesGerm cell tumors are highly susceptible to chemotherapy; however, there is a lack of established treatments for consistently relapsing germ cell tumor. Therefore, in this phase II study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab for relapsed germ cell tumor.MethodsSeventeen adult patients (median age 34 years) with refractory primary germ cell tumor after second‐line or higher chemotherapy were enrolled. Nivolumab was administered over 30 min at 240 mg/body every 2 weeks until disease progression or intolerable adverse event occurrence. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate.ResultWe performed a biomarker analysis of programmed death ligand‐1 expression and genomic sequencing. Tumor histology revealed nonseminoma and seminoma in 14 and three patients, respectively. Patients were pretreated with a median of three chemotherapy lines, and three patients received high‐dose chemotherapy. The median number of nivolumab doses was 3 (range 2–46). One patient showed a partial response and three showed stable disease. Responses were durable in one patient with a partial response and one patient with stable disease (median 90 and 68 weeks, respectively). Nivolumab was well‐tolerated, with only two Grade 3 adverse events observed. Programmed death ligand‐1 expression was not associated with objective responses. Genomic sequencing revealed a high tumor mutation burden in a patient with a durable partial response. While a small subset of chemorefractory germ cell tumors may respond to nivolumab, programmed death ligand‐1 is unreliable to measure response.ConclusionsTumor mutation burden is a potential biomarker for future testing of germ cell tumor response.
Pathogenetic role and clinical significance of interleukin‐1β in cancer
Authors: Malkova Anna M. , Gubal Anna R. , Petrova Anastasia L. , Voronov Elena , Apte Ron N. , Semenov Konstantin N. , Sharoyko Vladimir V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, pro‐oncogenic mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment (ТМЕ) have been actively discussed. One of the main cytokines of the TМЕ is interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), which exhibits proinflammatory properties. Some studies have shown an association between an increase in IL‐1β levels and tumour progression. The purpose of this review is to analyse the pathogenic mechanisms induced by IL‐1β in the TМЕ, as well as the diagnostic significance of the presence of IL‐1β in patients with cancer and the efficacy of treatment with IL‐1β inhibitors. According to the literature, IL‐1β can induce an increase in tumour angiogenesis due to its effects on the differentiation of epithelial cells, pro‐angiogenic molecule secretion and expression of adhesion molecules, thus increasing tumour growth and metastasis. IL‐1β is also involved in the suppression of anti‐tumour immune responses. The expression and secretion of IL‐1β has been noted in various types of tumours. In some clinical studies, an elevated level of IL‐1β was found to be associated with low efficacy of anti‐cancer therapy and a poor prognosis. In most experimental and clinical studies, the use of IL‐1β inhibitors contributed to a decrease in tumour mass and an increase in the response to anti‐tumour drugs.
Oxidation resistance of ZrB2‐based monoliths using polymer‐derived Si(Zr,B)CN as sintering aid
Authors: Petry Nils‐Christian , Ulrich Anke Silvia , Feng Bo , Ionescu Emanuel , Galetz Mathias Christian , Lepple Maren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe focus of the present work is the investigation of the influence of polymer‐derived ceramics, used as sintering aids for preparing ZrB2‐based monoliths, on their high‐temperature oxidation behavior. For the preparation of the monoliths, ZrB2 powder was coated with polymer‐derived SiCN, SiZrCN, or SiZrBCN and subsequently densified via hot‐pressing at temperatures as low as 1800°C. To investigate the oxidation kinetics, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed at 1300°C in synthetic air with exposure times of 50 and 100 h. A detailed study of the materials oxide scale and subsurface microstructure was conducted using optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The experimental findings were compared to thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using the CALPHAD method, which led to a better understanding of the oxidation mechanism. In comparison to the literature data of ZrB2–SiC, the results show improved oxidation resistance for all three investigated materials. The formation of gaseous species during oxidation, in particular CO, CO2, B2O3, and SiO, within the oxide scale of the monoliths was rationalized via CALPHAD calculations and used to explain the oxidation behavior and kinetics and also the formation of bubbles in the subsurface region of the oxidized specimens.