bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological state changes indicative of ADHD in children learned via EEG-based LSTM networks
Authors: Chang Yang , Stevenson Cory , Chen I-Chun , Lin Dar-Shong , Ko Li-Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that pervasively interferes with the lives of individuals starting in childhood. Objective. To address the subjectivity of current diagnostic approaches, many studies have been dedicated to efforts to identify the differences between ADHD and neurotypical (NT) individuals using electroencephalography (EEG) and continuous performance tests (CPT). Approach. In this study, we proposed EEG-based long short-term memory (LSTM) networks that utilize deep learning techniques with learning the cognitive state transition to discriminate between ADHD and NT children via EEG signal processing. A total of 30 neurotypical children and 30 ADHD children participated in CPT tests while being monitored with EEG. Several architectures of deep and machine learning were applied to three EEG data segments including resting state, cognitive execution, and a period containing a fusion of those. Main results. The experimental results indicated that EEG-based LSTM networks produced the best performance with an average accuracy of 90.50 ± 0.81% in comparison with the deep neural networks, the convolutional neural networks, and the support vector machines with learning the cognitive state transition of EEG data. Novel observations of individual neural markers showed that the beta power activity of the O1 and O2 sites contributed the most to the classifications, subjects exhibited decreased beta power in the ADHD group, and had larger decreases during cognitive execution. Significance. These findings showed that the proposed EEG-based LSTM networks are capable of extracting the varied temporal characteristics of high-resolution electrophysiological signals to differentiate between ADHD and NT children, and brought a new insight to facilitate the diagnosis of ADHD. The registration numbers of the institutional review boards are 16MMHIS021 and EC1070401-F.
Light outputs of yttrium doped BaF_2 crystals irradiated with neutrons
Authors: Baranov V. , Davydov Yu.I. , Vasilyev I.I. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The fast luminescence component of barium fluoride (BaF_2)
crystals with a subnanosecond decay time can find wide application
in particle physics and nuclear physics. However, the slow
luminescence component with the 630 ns decay time could cause
pile-up signals at a high rate environment. Doping of BaF2
crystals with rare earth elements suppresses the slow emission
component, but at the same time the radiation hardness of the
crystals deteriorates. This work presents the results of studying
crystal samples, both pure BaF2 and those doped with yttrium in a
proportion of 1 at.%Y, 3 at.%Y and 5 at.%Y, irradiated with a
fast neutron fluence of about 2.3×1014 n/cm2. Their
light output and decay kinetics were measured before and after
irradiation. It is found that the light output loss of a pure
BaF2 crystal after irradiation is about 7%, and the light output
loss of yttrium doped samples after irradiation is about two times
higher. The measurement results demonstrate that after irradiation
the fast component of each sample has a relative light output loss
2–3% larger than the slow one.
Bibliometric survey and network analysis of biomimetics and nature inspiration in engineering science
Authors: Gerbaud Vincent , Leiser Hugues , Beaugrand Johnny , Cathala Bernard , Molina-Jouve Carole , Gue Anne Marie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The field encompassing biomimetics, bioinspiration and nature inspiration in engineering science is growing steadily, pushed by exogenous factors like the search for potentially sustainable engineering solutions that might already exist in nature. With the help of information provided by a bibliometric database and further processed with a dynamic network and semantic analysis tool, we provide insight at two scales into the corpus of nature-inspired engineering field and its dynamics. At the macroscale, the Web of Science® (WoS) categories, countries and institutions are ranked and ordered by thematic clusters and country networks, highlighting the leading countries and institutions and how they focus on specific topics. Such an insight provides an overview at the macroscale that can be valuable to orient scientific strategy at the country level. At the mesoscale, where science is incarnated by collaborative networks of authors and institutions that run across countries, we identify six semantic clusters and subclusters within them, and their dynamics. We also pinpoint leading academic collaborative networks and their activity in relation to the six semantic clusters. Trends and prospective are also discussed. Typically, one observes that the field is becoming mature since, starting by imitating nature, it proceeded with mimicking more complex natural structures and functions and now it investigates ways used in nature in response to changes in the environment and implements them in innovative and adaptive artefacts. The sophistication of devices, methods and tools has been increasing over the years as well as their functionalities and adaptability, whereas the size of devices has decreased at the same time.
Systematic investigation of spectral characteristics and sensing characteristics of microfiber knot resonator
Authors: Xia Feng , Liu Bo , Ying Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, we systematically study the transmission spectral characteristics of the microfiber knot resonator (MKR) both in simulation and in an experiment. The transmission spectrum shows several possible phenomena, including dominating resonance, dominating interference, the coexistence of resonance and interference with different intensity ratios, and resonance with Vernier effect. The transmission spectra with various shapes are obtained in simulation by adjusting parameters like fractional coupling intensity loss, intensity coupling ratio, and propagation constants of different modes. The relationship between the transmission spectrum and the size of the resonant ring is studied by reducing the diameter of the resonant ring and analyzing the corresponding transmission spectrum. The performance of a polydimethylsiloxane-coated MKR in refractive index and temperature measurement is also investigated, and the responses of the transmission spectrum, the extracted interference spectrum, the extracted resonance spectrum, the extracted envelope spectrum of Vernier effect are all analyzed, indicating that these spectra have similar responses to the variation of refractive index or temperature. Linear fit indicates that the sensitivities of the transmission spectrum to refractive index and temperature are about 1264.09 nm RIU−1 and −2.60 nm/°C, respectively. This systematic and comprehensive study will provide a helpful guideline for understanding, analyzing and designing MKR-based devices with desired spectral characteristics to meet different application requirements.
Bottom-up approach for traceable calibration of tip geometry of stylus profilometer
Authors: Dai Gaoliang , Hu Xiukun , Degenhardt Johannes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel approach for accurate and traceable calibration of stylus tip geometry is introduced in the paper. The approach consists of several steps. Firstly, the geometry of an AFM tip is calibrated to a kind of line width standard whose geometry is traceably calibrated to the lattice constant of crystal silicon. Then, the stylus tip to be calibrated is measured by the calibrated AFM tip in an AFM, thus its tip geometry can be accurately determined after the contribution of the AFM tip geometry being corrected from the measured AFM image. After being calibrated, the stylus tip can be applied in measurements of vast microstructures and surfaces, where the measurement results can be in turn corrected using the characterized stylus tip geometry. In such a way, the stylus tip geometry and its measurement results can be finally traceable to the lattice constant of silicon, using this bottom-up approach. Detailed experimental examples are illustrated. For a stylus type RFTHB-50 studied in this paper, its tip radius is measured as 1.727 μm with a standard deviation of 0.007 μm. It is significantly smaller than its nominal value of 2 μm, indicating the need of the calibration. The application of calibrated stylus tip in measurements of microspheres is demonstrated. Compared to conventional tip characterization methods based on tip characterizers the proposed method has advantages of (i) no risk of damaging sharp edges of tip characterizers, (ii) capable of directly characterizing the 3D geometry of stylus tip, (iii) high accuracy.
Optimization of Burnishing process by Taguchi method for surface enhancement of EN31 steel
Authors: Varpe Nitin Jalindar , Gurnani Umesh , Hamilton Anurag 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Surface finish plays important role in service characteristics of an element, such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance and fatigue life. This leads to investigate surface finishing processes like polishing, buffing, lapping, burnishing etc. Burnishing is well known, effective and efficient super finishing technique which involves surface layers plastic deformation by cold working to refine surface texture and improve service life of component. Current work focuses on investigation of ball burnishing process and optimization of it on EN31 steel. Taguchi method is implemented for determination of best possible process parameters combination to decrease surface roughness and increase hardness of EN31 steel specimens. After burnishing surface roughness decreases from 0.446 to 0.089 μm and hardness increases from 179.5 to 266.5 Hv. Burnishing speed and feed are remarkable factors for decreasing surface roughness, whereas no. of tool passes and applied force are crucial for increasing hardness, according to optimization results. Validation tests are carried out with ideal levels of process parameters, confirming that the process of ball burnishing has improved the surface finish and hardness of EN31 steel.
Microstructure, mechanical and wear behavior of LM24/SiC/MoS2 hybrid composites produced via liquid metallurgy process
Authors: Hariharan S R , Mahendran S , Meignanamoorthy M , Ravichandran M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) and Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) has been expected broad contemplation is a potential strengthening particulate for metal matrix composites (MMCs) to enhance the mechanical and wear behaviors. The purpose of this study is to process and investigate the mechanical characteristics of LM 24/SiC/MoS2 composites. These composites were fabricated via the stir casting process from the prepared arrangements of LM 24/SiC/MoS2 with various weight proportions. The following proportions are pure LM 24, LM24-3wt%SiC-1wt%MoS2, LM24-6wt%SiC-1wt%MoS2 and LM24-9wtSiC-1wt%MoS2. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) utilized to inspect the micrographs on processed composites. The SEM micrographs interpret identical dispersion of SiC with LM 24. The influence of SiC weight percentage on the physical properties like density, relative density & porosity and mechanical properties like tensile, compression, hardness, impact and flexural strength and tribological behavior were investigated. The processed LM24-9wt%SiC-1wt%MoS2 composites compose the enhanced mechanical properties. The wear performance was studied throughout the pin on disc device with various wear process parameters. These parameters are load, Sliding velocity and distance. Finally, these parameters are framed via the L16 orthogonal array and to attain the minimum wear rate and coefficient of friction from the optimal process parameters by Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The optimal parameters for wear rate and coefficient of friction are LM24-9wt%SiC-1wt%MoS2 and followed by the wear parameters namely load 15N, sliding velocity 2 m s−1 and sliding distance 1600 m, respectively. The ANOVA outcomes uncovers that the load is the most significant parameter for wear rate and coefficient of friction.
Binder-free fabricated CuFeS2 electrodes for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Nsude Hope Ebere , Obodo Raphael M , Nsude Kingsley U , Ikhioya Lucky I , Asogwa Paul U , Osuji R U , Maaza M , Ezema Fabian I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Copper iron sulfide (CFS) (chalcopyrite) thin-film electrodes have been synthesized for energy storage applications using the SILAR method without the use of a binder. The film’s structural as well as the morphological and electrochemical characteristics were studied to check the effect of varying deposition cycles. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) test reveals a crystalline tetragonal CuFeS2 (chalcopyrite) with a decreasing peak as the deposition cycle progresses. The micrographs of the films reveal a spherical but fleecy-like shape with particle aggregation at higher deposition cycles. The bandgap increased slightly towards higher cycles and is in the range of 1.15 to 1.22 eV. The CFS electrodes were evaluated in a three-electrode arrangement for supercapacitive application in a 2.0 M KOH electrolyte. The CFS electrodes function admirably. The greatest specific capacitance recorded was 537 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 with capacitance retention of 93.5%. This is for CFS electrode deposited at 10 cycles; hence it has the greatest performance. This paper describes a simple, inexpensive, and repeatable method for fabricating electrodes for supercapacitors.
Brasenia Schreberi mucilage as a green lubricant additive exhibiting good tribological properties for steel/steel and steel/aluminium friction pairs
Authors: Chen Chuan , Xia Yanqiu , Cao Zhengfeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is still necessary to continue exploring green lubricant additive. This study collected a kind of mucilage from the Brasenia Schreberi (BS) leaves which was an aquatic plant. The BS mucilage was dispersed in synthetic ester (SE) and then employed as a green lubricant under the friction pairs composed of steel/steel and steel/aluminium. The tribological tests of the lubricants were carried out under different friction pairs in details and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were utilized to characterize the worn out surfaces to understand the lubrication mechanisms. The experimental results suggested that as compared with stearic acid (SA) and Ag, BS mucilage in SE could dramatically improve the friction reducing and anti-wear of SE for both steel/steel and steel/aluminium friction pairs. Based on the SEM and XPS analysis of the worn out surfaces, it suggests that the preferable tribological properties of BS mucilage was mainly related to the effective lubricating films including physical adsorption and tribochemcial lubricating films in the process of the friction.
Improved performance of flexible citrus resistive memory device through air plasma
Authors: Chang Yu-Chi , Jian Jia-Cheng , Hsu Ya Lan , Choy Wallace C H , Chang Sheng-Po , Chang Shoou-Jinn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Flexible natural material-based electronics have attracted considerable attention because it can be applied in wearable applications and bio smart electronics. Natural material citrus is used as the dielectric layer in this work to develop flexible resistive switching memory devices, with plasma ITO surface as the bottom electrode (BE) to investigate the effects of air plasma on device performances. The work function difference between the top electrodes (TE) and BE can be increased with plasma treatment. After optimization, the flexible citrus resistive memory device with a large work function difference between the TE and BE exhibits a good ON/OFF ratio of larger than 103, a low set voltage of around 0.76 V, uniform distribution of set voltages, small coefficients of variation of high resistance state, and low resistance state currents, and a long retention time of more than 104 s. The air plasma can also modify the ITO surface to make the surface more hydrophilic. Thus, the citrus film is easier to attach to ITO, which improves the bending performance of the device. The device under a bending radius of 4.9 mm showed no significant ON/OFF ratio changes when compared with that of the flat state. This information on the correlation between the plasma treatment time and the work function of the ITO electrode would be very useful in obtaining stable and uniform resistive switching properties in the flexible natural material-based resistive memory.
QFold: quantum walks and deep learning to solve protein folding
Authors: Casares P A M , Campos Roberto , Martin-Delgado M A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We develop quantum computational tools to predict the 3D structure of proteins, one of the most important problems in current biochemical research. We explain how to combine recent deep learning advances with the well known technique of quantum walks applied to a Metropolis algorithm. The result, QFold, is a fully scalable hybrid quantum algorithm that, in contrast to previous quantum approaches, does not require a lattice model simplification and instead relies on the much more realistic assumption of parameterization in terms of torsion angles of the amino acids. We compare it with its classical analog for different annealing schedules and find a polynomial quantum advantage, and implement a minimal realization of the quantum Metropolis in IBMQ Casablanca quantum system.
One-pot synthesis of 1T MoS2/MWCNT hybrids for enhanced zinc-ion storage
Authors: Wang Yu-Ting , Zhang Ze-Zhi , Li Ming-Xue 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are regarded as the ideal hosts for zinc-ions. Herein, a facile hydrothermal method is proposed to fabricate the metallic phase (1T phase) MoS2/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrids serving as the cathode materials for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). By virtue of the exertion of phase engineering and the synergy between the 1T MoS2 nanosheets and MWCNT framework, the transfer kinetics of zinc-ions of the prepared hybrid are remarkably accelerated, leading to boosted electrochemical properties at both room temperature and low temperatures. The hybrid electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 161.5 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, and good cycling stability with a desired capacity retention of 84.6% over 500 cycles at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, its boosted capability of zinc-ion storage in a low-temperature atmosphere is revealed. This work not only provides an effective way to squeeze the values of phase engineering of MoS2 in ZIBs, but also reveals the great potential of MoS2-based composites in low-temperature energy storage devices.
Analysis of blood pressure and blood pressure variability pattern among older patients in long-term care hospitals: an observational study analysing the Health-RESPECT (integrated caRE Systems for elderly PatiEnts using iCT) dataset
Authors: Choi Jung-Yeon , Chun Seungyeon , Kim Hongsoo , Jung Young-il , Yoo Sooyoung , Kim Kwang-il 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
There are limited data regarding blood pressure (BP) variability among older adults living in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs). We aimed to collect data from LTCH and analyse BP characteristics and its variability among these patients using a novel platform.

Methods
The Health-RESPECT (integrated caRE Systems for elderly PatiEnts using iCT) platform was used to construct a daily BP dataset using data of 394 older patients from 6 LTCHs. BP variability was expressed as coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation/mean of BP × 100). Physical frailty and cognitive function were evaluated using the K-FRAIL questionnaire and the Cognitive Performance Scale of the interRAI Long-Term Care Facilities tool, respectively.

Results
From September 2019 to September 2020, 151,092 BP measurements, 346.5 (IQR 290.8–486.3) measurements per patient, were included. The mean BP was 123.4 ± 10.8/71.3 ± 6.5 mmHg. BP was significantly lower in frail patients (122.2 ± 11.3/70.4 ± 6.8 mmHg) than in pre-frail/robust patients (124.4 ± 10.4/72.1 ± 6.1 mmHg, P &lt; 0.05). However, CV of systolic (10.7 ± 2.3% versus 11.3 ± 2.3%, P = 0.005) and diastolic (11.6 ± 2.3% versus 12.4 ± 2.4%, P &lt; 0.001) BP was higher in frail patients. The mean BP was lower, but BP variability was higher in patients with cognitive impairment. The mean BP, but not BP variability, was higher in treated hypertensive patients, as the number of antihypertensive medications increased.

Conclusion
Older patients with physical or cognitive frailty had lower BP but higher BP variability. Relationship among frailty, increased BP variability and adverse clinical outcomes should be investigated.
A clinical tool to identify older women with back pain at high risk of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (Vfrac): a population-based cohort study with exploratory economic evaluation
Authors: Khera Tarnjit K , Hunt Linda P , Davis Sarah , Gooberman-Hill Rachael , Thom Howard , Xu Yixin , Paskins Zoe , Peters Tim J , Tobias Jon H , Clark Emma M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) identify people at high risk of future fractures, but despite this, less than a third come to clinical attention. The objective of this study was to develop a clinical tool to aid health care professionals decide which older women with back pain should have a spinal radiograph.

Methods
a population-based cohort of 1,635 women aged 65+ years with self-reported back pain in the previous 4 months were recruited from primary care. Exposure data were collected through self-completion questionnaires and physical examination, including descriptions of back pain and traditional risk factors for osteoporosis. Outcome was the presence/absence of OVFs on spinal radiographs. Logistic regression models identified independent predictors of OVFs, with the area under the (receiver operating) curve calculated for the final model, and a cut-point was identified.

Results
mean age was 73.9 years and 209 (12.8%) had OVFs. The final Vfrac model comprised 15 predictors of OVF, with an AUC of 0.802 (95% CI: 0.764–0.840). Sensitivity was 72.4% and specificity was 72.9%. Vfrac identified 93% of those with more than one OVF and two-thirds of those with one OVF. Performance was enhanced by inclusion of self-reported back pain descriptors, removal of which reduced AUC to 0.742 (95% CI: 0.696–0.788) and sensitivity to 66.5%. Health economic modelling to support a future trial was favourable.

Conclusions
the Vfrac clinical tool appears to be valid and is improved by the addition of self-reported back pain symptoms. The tool now requires testing to establish real-world clinical and cost-effectiveness.