bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fine extraction algorithm for image-based surface cracks in underwater dams
Authors: Xin Gaifang , Fan Xinnan , Shi Pengfei , Luo Chengming , Ni Jianjun , Cao Yuxin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Under the action of water erosion and self-aging, reservoir dams are prone to develop cracks, which affect safe operation. Underwater visual imaging can be used to detect dam surface cracks, but spalling, aquatic plants and suspended sediments result in low image contrast and complex backgrounds. With the use of unsupervised machine learning, this paper proposes a fine segmentation and extraction algorithm for image-based dam surface cracks. First, adaptive histogram equalization is used to change the uneven illumination areas of underwater surface images intoeven illumination areas, whose statistical characteristics are calculated under linear spatial filtering. Second, the extraction problem of crack areas of interest after dodging preprocessing is transformed into calculating the distance of the image block cluster center, which can distinguish the image blocks of crack features from the background interference features. Third, the fine extraction of crack images is carried out by considering the connected domains and morphological features, and the posterior probability of an image sample category is obtained based on the soft clustering of a Gaussian mixed model. Finally, different extraction algorithms related to surface cracks are evaluated in extensive experiments. The results validate the superior performance of the proposed extraction algorithm with 90.1% extraction accuracy, 6.5% missing alarm rate and 7.2% false alarm rate.
Facile and controllable synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticle bipyramid for electrochemical dopamine sensor
Authors: Rizalputri Lavita Nuraviana , Anshori Isa , Handayani Murni , Gumilar Gilang , Septiani Ni Luh Wulan , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Annas Muhammad Sjahrul , Purwidyantri Agnes , Prabowo Briliant Adhi , Yuliarto Brian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We demonstrated potential features of gold nanoparticle bipyramid (AuNB) for an electrochemical biosensor. The facile synthesis method and controllable shape and size of the AuNB are achieved through the optimization of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) surfactant over citric acid (CA) ratio determining the control of typically spherical Au seed size and its transition into a penta-twinned crystal structure. We observe that the optimized ratio of CTAC and CA facilitates flocculation control in which Au seeds with size as tiny as ∼14.8 nm could be attained and finally transformed into AuNB structures with an average length of ∼55 nm with high reproducibility. To improve the electrochemical sensing performance of a screen-printed carbon electrode, surface modification with AuNB via distinctive linking procedures effectively enhanced the electroactive surface area by 40%. Carried out for the detection of dopamine, a neurotransmitter frequently linked to the risk of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases, the AuNB decorated-carbon electrode shows outstanding electrocatalytic activity that improves sensing performance, including high sensitivity, low detection limit, wide dynamic range, high selectivity against different analytes, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid and urea, and excellent reproducibility.
A highly efficient In2S3/Ag2S/TiO2 NTAs photoelectrodes for photocathodic protection of Q235 carbon steel under visible light
Authors: Li Hong , Yang Zhanyuan , Cui Xingqiang , Li Yanhui , Zhang Pengfei , Li Junru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A novel In2S3/Ag2S/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) was successfully fabricated by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method and electrochemical anodic oxidation method, and served as photoanode for photocathodic protection application. The micromorphologies, optical absorption properties, crystalline structure and elemental valence states of the composites were performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscope, UV–vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra, x-ray diffractometer and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The photocathodic protection performances of In2S3/Ag2S/TiO2 NTAs on the Q235 carbon steel (CS) were also studied. The In2S3/Ag2S/TiO2 nanocomposites show better photoelectrocatalytic and photocathodic protection performance than pure TiO2 NTAs. The photocurrent density of In2S3(9)/Ag2S(8)/TiO2 photoelectrode coupled with Q235 CS reach 211 μA cm−2, which is about 4.5 times higher than that of TiO2 NTAs. The photogenerated potential of Q235 CS coupled to In2S3(9)/Ag2S(8)/TiO2 under illumination shows a negative shift to −0.92 V versus SCE. Results indicate that the co-sensitization of In2S3 and Ag2S could extend the light absorption of TiO2 to the visible light range and enhance its photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Tunable stochastic resonance based on the optimization of centrifugal distance for rotation-induced energy harvesting
Authors: Zhang Yunshun , Zhao Xiangshuai , Wang Xin , Wang Wanshu , Jia Yu , Zheng Rengchen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Energy harvesting from rotating systems has been developed into an important topic as a promising solution for realizing the powering applications of tire monitoring systems. Because of relatively narrow bandwidth of the efficiently operating response, this paper proposes a principle for optimizing the centrifugal distance for tuning frequency matching between stochastic resonance and the external rotation environments. It can minimize the negative effect of a low energy orbit owing to the optimally stabilized stochastic resonance, particularly over the low frequency range before high energy orbit oscillation. The centrifugal force caused by the behavior of rotation acting on the tip mass of the cantilever changes the equivalent stiffness of the cantilever and thus can tune the variation in the Kramers escape rate. Through the match-able relationship of a non-linear bitable system between the Kramers rate and the external rotation frequency, the expression of the optimally centrifugal distance can be solved by theoretical derivation and numerical analysis. The results of simulations and laboratory experiments simultaneously demonstrate that the centrifugal distance is tuned to be the optimal 6.45 cm as theoretically analyzed, and the effective bandwidth of energy harvesting can be stabilized from 30 rad s−1 to 50 rad s−1. While its maximum root mean square voltage can reach the value of 1.23 V corresponding to a harvesting average power of 45.55 μW, owing to the high matching relationship between stochastic resonance and external rotation frequencies. Thus, by the theoretical optimization of centrifugal distance, the frequency of stochastic resonance can be tuned for matching the externally rotating environments, and further improving the operating performance of rotating-induced energy harvesting.
Analysis on the transverse compression performance of the CORC cable
Authors: Shi Yangyang , Dai Shaotao , Ma Tao , Liu Wenxu , Jin Huan , Qin Jinggang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The conductor on round core (CORC) cable is considered as one of the best candidate cables for next generation fusion project due to its advantages of high current density, small cabling degradation and excellent magnetic field performance. Nevertheless, the CORC cable will be affected by huge transverse compression force during production and transportation, especially during operation in fusion project, which is the main reason that the current-carrying capacity of CORC cable will be irreversible degradation. There is little research on the transverse compression performance of CORC cables at present, and the influence rules of some cable parameters on its transverse compression performance are not yet clear. Therefore, in this paper, transverse compression tests are carried out on CORC cables of different former sizes, materials, and structures. The experimental results show that the larger the cable former size, the better its transverse compression performance. The transverse compression load limit of hollow tube former cable is larger than that of solid bar former cable. The performance of stainless steel bar former cable is similar to that of copper bar former cable. The limit value of transverse compression load of copper hollow tube former cable is larger than that of stainless steel hollow tube former cable. A 3D finite element model is also established to explain the internal reasons for the differences of current-carrying capacity decrease tendency of different CORC cables. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the selection of former of CORC cable in the future. In addition, the influence of load block structure on the CORC cable’s transverse compression load limit is also studied in this paper. The results show that the arc block can significantly increase the transverse compression load limit of CORC cable. The research results can provide a basis for the selection of the structure of support former when making cable in conduit conductor and the structure of coil former when winding CORC coil magnet.
Two-dimensional semiconductors of Cr–X3–H3 (X = O, S, Se, and Te) structures with large magnetic anisotropy and high Curie temperature
Authors: Moaied Mohammed , Soliman S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, using first-principles calculations, we predicted a novel family of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials: hydrogenated chromium tri-chalcogenides Cr–X3–H3 (X = O, S, Se, and Te). Hydrogenated chromium tri-chalcogenides materials are dynamically stable and can therefore be synthesized in the laboratory. Generally, 2D Cr–X3–H3 crystals have a semiconducting band structure, with gaps as large as 2.38 eV in the case of Cr–O3–H3. The Cr–O3–H3 is the only one presenting antiferromagnetic order with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE), whereas the rest (X = S, Se, and Te) are ferromagnetic with strong in-plane MAE, which increases when going down from oxygen to tellurium in the periodic table. Using Monte Carlo methods, we also obtained the Curie temperature (T
c), which showed the expected dependence on X atoms based on the MAE values. Moreover, the Cr–X3–H3 systems showed weakly frequency-dependent of the dielectric functions. Therefore, the refraction index variance with frequency is slight, and the reflectivity is nearly zero in all the systems. The current study is an example of how simulations can aid in the design of 2D materials that have large MAE and high T
c values for next-generation spintronic devices.
Ab-initio investigation on the phase stabilities of Au-M Alloys (M = Na, K, Rb and Cs)
Authors: Bennour L , Djaballah Y , Righi H , Bahloul D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the structural stability, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of all intermetallic compounds in the different formulas Au5M, Au2M, AuM, and AuM2 (M = Na, K, Rb, and Cs) in order to clarify their existence and stability in the alkali metal gold binary systems Au-M at 0 K. Several suggested structures and suspect compounds (Au2Cs, AuCs2), which were never reported, were also investigated. The results show that: (i), the compounds Au5Na and Au5Cs in Cu5Ca (hP6), and AuK in CsCl (cP2), are energetically, mechanically and dynamically stable in the suggested structures, respectively. (ii), the compound AuNa in NiAs (hP4) and the proposed compounds Au2Cs in AlB2 (hP3), and AuCs2 in MoSi2 (tI6), are mechanically and dynamically stable in the suggested structures, but are energetically stable close to 0 K, respectively. (iii), the compounds AuK2 in Al2Cu (tI12), Au2Rb in AlB2 (hP3), and AuRb2 in MoSi2 (tI6), are energetically and mechanically stable, but are dynamically unstable in the considered structures, respectively.
Impact of process-induced ellipticity on the RESET process of cylindrical phase change memory devices
Authors: Durai Suresh , Devi K C Chandini , Raj Srinivasan , Manivannan Anbarasu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Phase change memory (PCM) is one of the promising candidates for the next-generation high-speed non-volatile memory which exhibits excellent scalability. The cylindrical-type PCM devices entering the nano-scale regime should show their tolerance to the variation in the manufacturing process. However, it is highly challenging to fabricate cylindrical-type nano-scale devices ideally with circular cross-sections. In general, the degree of variation in circular cross-section is dictated by a geometrical parameter called aspect ratio (AR). In this study, the impact of variation in AR of heater (ARheater) and active material, Ge2Sb2Te5 (ARGST) on the RESET programming of the mushroom-type cylindrical PCM device is systematically investigated by using 3D TCAD simulations. The simulation results reveal that the RESET current (IRESET) of the reference device (100 nm heater diameter) consisting of elliptical cross-sections increases significantly to ∼67% when ARheater = 2 and 1 ≤ ARGST ≤ 2, whereas for the scaled-down devices of 20 nm and 10 nm heater diameter with elliptical cross-sections, the IRESET increases to ∼35% and ∼38% when ARheater = 2 and ARGST = 1, and further IRESET increases to ∼54% and ∼63% when ARheater = 2 and ARGST = 2 leading to high-power RESET programming. In the case of the reference device, the ARGST did not play any significant role on IRESET. However, in the scaled-down devices, both ARheater and ARGST significantly affect the IRESET. Furthermore, the device employing a vertically-oriented elliptical heater and horizontally-oriented elliptical GST (where ARheater = 2 and ARGST = 0.5) shows the peculiar re-amorphization among all the cases considered in this study. Hence, the miniaturized cylindrical PCM devices comprising elliptical cross-sections due to process-induced variability require an accurate understanding of the programming characteristics for reliable modeling and simulations.
Quasinormal modes of black holes in f(T) gravity
Authors: Zhao Yaqi , Ren Xin , Ilyas Amara , Saridakis Emmanuel N. , Cai Yi-Fu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We calculate the quasinormal modes (QNM) frequencies of a test massless scalar field and an electromagnetic field around static black holes in f(T) gravity. Focusing on quadratic f(T) modifications, which is a good approximation for every realistic f(T) theory, we first extract the spherically symmetric solutions using the perturbative method, imposing two ansätze for the metric functions, which suitably quantify the deviation from the Schwarzschild solution. Moreover, we extract the effective potential, and then calculate the QNM frequency of the obtained solutions. Firstly, we numerically solve the Schrödinger-like equation using the discretization method, and we extract the frequency and the time evolution of the dominant mode applying the function fit method. Secondly, we perform a semi-analytical calculation by applying the WKB method with the Pade approximation. We show that the results for f(T) gravity are different compared to General Relativity, and in particular we obtain a different slope and period of the field decay behavior for different model parameter values. Hence, under the light of gravitational-wave observations of increasing accuracy from binary systems, the whole analysis could be used as an additional tool to test General Relativity and examine whether torsional gravitational modifications are possible.
Center of mass motion in bag model
Authors: Liu 刘 Chia-Wei 佳韦 , Geng 耿 Chao-Qiang 朝强 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite its success with mass spectra, the reputation of the bag model has been marred by embarrassment of the center of mass motion. It leads to severe theoretical inconsistencies. For instance, the masses and the decay constants would no longer be independent of the momentum. In this work, we provide a systematic approach to resolving this problem. Our framework can consistently compute the meson decay constants and baryon transition form factors. Notably, the form factors in the neutron β decays do not depend on any free parameters and are determined to be

and

or

, which is close to the experimental value of

. In addition, we find that

, which agrees to the experimental value of

.
Double-heavy tetraquarks with strangeness in the chiral quark model*
Authors: Chen Xiaoyun , Wang Fu-Lai , Tan Yue , Yang Youchang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently, some progress has been made in the experiments on double-heavy tetraquarks, such as

reported by the LHCb Collaboration and

reported by the Belle Collaboration. Coming on the heels of our previous work about

and

, we present a study on the bound and resonance states of their companions,

(

) tetraquarks with strange flavor in the chiral quark model. Two pictures, meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark ones, and their couplings were considered in our calculations. Isospin violation was neglected herein. Our numerical analysis indicated that the states

with

and

with

are the most promising stable states against strong interactions. Besides, we found several resonance states for the double-heavy strange tetraquarks with the real scaling method.
Constraints of ξ-moments computed using QCD sum rules on piondistribution amplitude models*
Authors: Zhong Tao , Zhu Zhi-Hao , Fu Hai-Bing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To date, the behavior of the pionic leading-twist distribution amplitude (DA)

which is a universal physical quantity and is introduced into high-energy processes involving pions based on the factorization theorem

is not completely consistent. The form of

is usually described by phenomenological models and constrained by the experimental data on exclusive processes containing pions or the moments computed using QCD sum rules and the lattice QCD theory. Evidently, an appropriate model is extremely important to determine the exact behavior of

. In this paper, by adopting the least squares method to fit the ξ-moments calculated using QCD sum rules based on the background field theory, we perform an analysis on several commonly used models of the pionic leading-twist DA in the literature; these include the truncation form of the Gegenbauer polynomial series, the light-cone harmonic oscillator model, the form extracted from the Dyson-Schwinger equations, the model from the light-front holographic AdS/QCD, and a simple power-law parametrization form.
Surrogate models for plasma displacement and current in 3D perturbed magnetohydrodynamic equilibria in tokamaks
Authors: Liu Yueqiang , Akcay Cihan , Lao Lang L. , Sun Xuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A numerical database of over one thousand perturbed three-dimensional (3D) equilibria has been generated, constructed based on the MARS-F (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas
7 3681) computed plasma response to the externally applied 3D field sources in multiple tokamak devices. Perturbed 3D equilibria with the n = 1–4 (n is the toroidal mode number) toroidal periodicity are computed. Surrogate models are created for the computed perturbed 3D equilibrium utilizing model order reduction (MOR) techniques. In particular, retaining the first few eigenstates from the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the data is found to produce reasonably accurate MOR-representations for the key perturbed quantities, such as the perturbed parallel plasma current density and the plasma radial displacement. SVD also helps to reveal the core versus edge plasma response to the applied 3D field. For the database covering the conventional aspect ratio devices, about 95% of data can be represented by the truncated SVD-series with inclusion of only the first five eigenstates, achieving a relative error (RE) below 20%. The MOR-data is further utilized to train neural networks (NNs) to enable fast reconstruction of perturbed 3D equilibria, based on the two-dimensional equilibrium input and the 3D source field. The best NN-training is achieved for the MOR-data obtained with a global SVD approach, where the full set of samples used for NN training and testing are stretched and form a large matrix which is then subject to SVD. The fully connected multi-layer perceptron, with one or two hidden layers, can be trained to predict the MOR-data with less than 10% RE. As a key insight, a better strategy is to train separate NNs for the plasma response fields with different toroidal mode numbers. It is also better to apply MOR and to subsequently train NNs separately for conventional and low aspect ratio devices, due to enhanced toroidal coupling of Fourier spectra in the plasma response in the latter case.
Seeing roots from space: aboveground fingerprints of root depth in vegetation sensitivity to climate in dry biomes
Authors: Kühn Nicola , Spiegel Marcus P , Tovar Carolina , Willis Katherine J , Macias-Fauria Marc 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With predicted climate change, drylands are set to get warmer and drier, increasing water stress for the vegetation in these regions. Plant sensitivity to drier periods and drought events will largely depend on trait strategies to access and store water, often linked to the root system. However, understanding the role of below-ground traits in enhancing ecological resilience to these climate changes remains poorly understood. We present the results of a study in southern Africa where we analysed the relationship between root depth and the vegetation sensitivity index (VSI) (after Seddon and Macias-Fauria et al 2016 Nature
531 229–32). VSI demonstrates remotely-sensed aboveground vegetation responses to climate variability; thus our study compares aboveground vegetation responses to belowground root traits. Results showed a significant negative relationship between root depth and vegetation sensitivity. Deeper roots provided greater resistance to climate variability as shown by lower sensitivity and higher temporal autocorrelation in vegetation greenness (as measured by the enhanced vegetation index). Additionally, we demonstrated a link between deeper roots and depth to groundwater, further suggesting that it is the ability of deeper roots to enable access to groundwater that provides ecological resistance to climate variability. Our results therefore provide important empirical evidence that the ability to access deeper water resources during times of lower water availability through deeper roots, is a key trait for dryland vegetation in the face of future climate change. We also show that belowground traits in drylands leave a fingerprint on aboveground, remotely-sensed plant–climate interactions, an important finding to aid in scaling up data-scarce belowground research.