bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
County-to-county migration is associated with county-level racial bias in the United States
Authors: Jin Rui , Calanchini Jimmy , Ratliff Kate A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Millions of people move within the U.S. each year. We propose that people function as proxies for their locations, bringing the culture of their previous residence to their new homes. As a result, migration might systematically influence regional biases across geographic units over time. Using county-to-county migration data from the U.S. census and county-level racial attitude estimates from Project Implicit, the present research examined the impact of people relocating from one U.S. county to another on racial attitudes in their new county. Consistent with our prediction, the bias brought by the migrants positively predicts county-level racial bias after migration, even after controlling for county-level racial bias before migration. This finding remains robust across various sample inclusion criteria and spans three time periods (2006–2010, 2011–2015, and 2016–2020). These results highlight the significant role of migration in spreading and shaping regional racial attitudes, emphasizing the importance of considering macro-societal processes such as migration when studying changes in regional racial attitudes.
Addressing biomedical data challenges and opportunities to inform a large-scale data lifecycle for enhanced data sharing, interoperability, analysis, and collaboration across stakeholders
Authors: Sriram Vivek , Conard Ashley Mae , Rosenberg Ilyana , Kim Dokyoon , Saponas T. Scott , Hall Amanda K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biomedical discovery is fraught with challenges stemming from diverse data types and siloed analysis. In this study, we explored common biomedical data tasks and pain points that could be addressed to elevate data quality, enhance sharing, streamline analysis, and foster collaboration across stakeholders. We recruited fifteen professionals from various biomedical roles and industries to participate in sixty-minute semi-structured interviews, which involved an assessment of their challenges, needs, and tasks as well as a brainstorm exercise to validate each professional’s research process. We applied a qualitative analysis of individual interviews using an inductive-deductive thematic coding approach for emerging themes. We identified a common set of challenges related to procuring and validating data, applying new analysis techniques and navigating varied computational environments, distributing results effectively and reproducibly, and managing the flow of data across phases of the data lifecycle. Our findings emphasize the importance of secure data sharing and facilities for collaboration throughout the discovery process. Our identified pain points provide researchers with an opportunity to align workstreams and enhance research data lifecycles to conduct biomedical discovery. We conclude our study with a summary of key actionable recommendations to tackle multiomic data challenges across the stages and phases of biomedical discovery.
Vertical structure of subsurface marine heatwaves in a shallow nearshore upwelling system
Authors: Plume Gavin , Walter Ryan K. , Cobb Isabelle , Dalsin Michael , Mazzini Piero L. F. , Shunk Nathan P. , Robbins Ian , Connolly Thomas P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in frequency and intensity globally and are among the greatest threats to marine ecosystems. However, limited studies have characterized subsurface MHWs, particularly in shallow waters. We utilized nearly two decades of full water-column (~ 10 m) observations from a unique automated profiler in central California to characterize, for the first time, the vertical structure of MHWs in a shallow nearshore upwelling system. We found MHWs have similar average durations and intensities across all depths, but there were ~ 17% more bottom MHW days than surface MHW days. Nearly one third of bottom MHWs occurred independently of surface MHWs, indicating that satellites miss a significant fraction of events. MHWs showed distinct seasonality with more frequent and intense events during the fall/winter when weak stratification allowed for MHWs to occupy a larger portion of the water column and persist longer. During summer, strong stratification limited the vertical extent of MHWs, leading to surface- and bottom-trapped events with shorter durations and intensities. Additionally, MHW initiation and termination across depths was consistently linked to anomalously low and high coastal upwelling, respectively. This study highlights the need for expansion of subsurface monitoring of MHWs globally amid a warming planet.
Compounding effects of climate change and WUI expansion quadruple the likelihood of extreme-impact wildfires in California
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , AghaKouchak Amir , Abatzoglou John T. , Sadegh Mojtaba 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Previous research has examined individual factors contributing to wildfire risk, but the compounding effects of these factors remain underexplored. Here, we introduce the “Integrated Human-centric Wildfire Risk Index (IHWRI)” to quantify the compounding effects of fire-weather intensification and anthropogenic factors—including ignitions and human settlement into wildland—on wildfire risk. While climatic trends increased the frequency of high-risk fire-weather by 2.5-fold, the combination of this trend with wildland-urban interface expansion led to a 4.1-fold increase in the frequency of conditions conducive to extreme-impact wildfires from 1990 to 2022 across California. More than three-quarters of extreme-impact wildfires—defined as the top 20 largest, most destructive, or deadliest events on record—originated within 1 km from the wildland-urban interface. The deadliest and most destructive wildfires—90% of which were human-caused—primarily occurred in the fall, while the largest wildfires—56% of which were human-caused—mostly took place in the summer. By integrating human activity and climate change impacts, we provide a holistic understanding of human-centric wildfire risk, crucial for policy development.
A novel biosensor for the spatiotemporal analysis of STING activation during innate immune responses to dsDNA
Authors: Smarduch Steve , Moreno-Velasquez Sergio David , Ilic Doroteja , Dadsena Shashank , Morant Ryan , Ciprinidis Anja , Pereira Gislene , Binder Marco , García-Sáez Ana J , Acebrón Sergio P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cGAS-STING signalling pathway has a central role in the innate immune response to extrinsic and intrinsic sources of cytoplasmic dsDNA. At the core of this pathway is cGAS-dependent production of the intra- and extra-cellular messenger cGAMP, which activates STING and leads to IRF3-dependent expression of cytokines and interferons. Despite its relevance to viral and bacterial infections, cell death, and genome instability, the lack of specific live-cell reporters has precluded spatiotemporal analyses of cGAS-STING signalling. Here, we generate a fluorescent biosensor termed SIRF (STING-IRF3), which reports on the functional interaction between activated STING and IRF3 at the Golgi. We show that cells harbouring SIRF react in a time- and concentration-dependent manner both to STING agonists and to microenvironmental cGAMP. We demonstrate that the new biosensor is suitable for single-cell characterisation of immune responses to HSV-1 infection, mtDNA release upon apoptosis, or other sources of cytoplasmic dsDNA. Furthermore, our results indicate that STING signalling is not activated by ruptured micronuclei, suggesting that other cytosolic pattern recognition receptors underlie the interferon responses to chromosomal instability.
Pumilio differentially binds to mRNA 3′ UTR isoforms to regulate localization of synaptic proteins
Authors: Grzejda Dominika , Hess Anton , Rezansoff Andrew , Gorey Sakshi , Carrasco Judit , Alfonso-Gonzalez Carlos , Tsagkris Stylianos , Neuhaus Lena , Shi Mengjin , Ozbulut Hasan Can , Vögtle Friederike-Nora , Vlachos Andreas , Hilgers Valérie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In neuronal cells, the regulation of RNA is crucial for the spatiotemporal control of gene expression, but how the correct localization, levels, and function of synaptic proteins are achieved is not well understood. In this study, we globally investigate the role of alternative 3′ UTRs in regulating RNA localization in the synaptic regions of the Drosophila brain. We identify direct mRNA targets of the translational repressor Pumilio, finding that mRNAs bound by Pumilio encode proteins enriched in synaptosomes. Pumilio differentially binds to RNA isoforms of the same gene, favoring long, neuronal 3′ UTRs. These longer 3′ UTRs tend to remain in the neuronal soma, whereas shorter UTR isoforms localize to the synapse. In cultured pumilio mutant neurons, axon outgrowth defects are accompanied by mRNA isoform mislocalization, and proteins encoded by these Pumilio target mRNAs display excessive abundance at synaptic boutons. Our study identifies an important mechanism for the spatiotemporal regulation of protein function in neurons.
AI in SERS sensing moving from discriminative to generative
Authors: Quarin Steven M. , Vang Der , Dima Ruxandra I. , Stan George , Strobbia Pietro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This perspective discusses the present and future role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing. Our goal is to guide the reader through current applications, mainly focused on discriminative approaches aimed at developing new and improved SERS diagnostic capabilities, towards the future role of AI in SERS sensing, with the use of generative approaches to design new materials and biomaterials.
Simulation of electric field distribution of gas insulated switchgear considering metal tip defect locations and structural parameters
Authors: Gao Wenhao , Kang Zhaoyang , Nie Kai , Li Ze , Ren Fuqiang , Zhang Hongru , Meng Fanbo , Li Qingquan , Li Simeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetal tip defect is a typical insulation defect in gas insulated switchgear (GIS). Simulation research on the defect under multi‐physical field coupling was conducted in order to explore the realistic electric field distribution. The results of the simulation were confirmed by a partial discharge experiment. On the one hand, the influence of defect location and structural parameters on electric field distribution was investigated in the established defect model. On the other hand, the partial discharge experimental platform was built to obtain the initial voltage of partial discharge under this defect. The results show that the presence of the defects can increase the electric field distortion by several‐fold or more in the surrounding electric field. The closer the defect on the outside of the conductor is to the basin‐type insulator, the lower the electric field distortion is around the conductor. However, the opposite is true on the inside of the shell. The change in the top radius of the defect has the greatest impact on the electric field distribution. The experimental results verify the validity of the simulation model. This study augments the research on insulation defects in GIS, offering a valuable reference for the manufacturing and installation of GIS.
From indicating similarity to establishing online alignment: interactional functions of ye “also” in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Xue Lu , Yao Shuangyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Ye “also/too/as well” is one of the most frequently used adverbs in Mandarin Chinese. Although the lexical meaning and syntactic properties of ye have been widely discussed, there are few analyses of ye expressions in interactional discourse, let alone analyses examining its interactional functions. Under the framework of interactional linguistics, this paper investigates the interactional functions of ye in second positions within natural spoken conversations. The findings show that ye indicating similarity between two states of affairs seems to be generalized in different interactional contexts with two interactional functions, i.e., rapport building and conflict mitigation. These functions are deployed by speakers to establish online alignment between interlocutors, expressing their affiliative stances and highlighting (inter)subjectivity, though practices of achieving a certain alignment vary in different environments. Hence, a continuum of similarity and the underlying evolution of language use is proposed to account for the diverse range of uses of ye expressions in face-to-face conversation. This paper not only reveals the interconnected relationship between linguistic forms and the construction and maintenance of social rapport but also sheds light on studying grammar entities with an interactional approach.
Unstable motion of a point charge near an electric dipole
Authors: Varela Victor , Gianvittorio Rita 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We reconsider the dynamics of a point charge in the field of a point-like electric dipole. The force is noncentral, so the angular momentum is not conserved. Our discussion is largely based on the third conserved quantity β (in addition to the total energy and the axial component of angular momentum) that we derive in spherical coordinates. The equations of motion admit orbits characterised by β = 0 which are traced on a sphere centred at the dipole. Transitions between orbits on the same sphere demand highly specialised, restricted perturbations of the angular momentum components. If the restrictions are not satisfied, then r(t) eventually goes to zero or becomes unbounded. This is due to the lack of a confining, radial effective potential. Transitions between orbits lying on a sphere are exceedingly unlikely under realistic conditions. The stability properties of this classical system are virtually unobservable and inconsequential from a physical point of view. Our approach clarifies and extends previous discussions of this matter, and should be accessible to intermediate or advanced undergraduate physics students.
Sub-barrier fusion analysis of 40Ca + 46,48,50Ti systems
Authors: Gautam Manjeet Singh , . SAMIKSHA , Kumar Anand , . Vijay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
By opting simple Wong formula, simple Wong formula with deformed choice of nuclear potential, symmetric-asymmetric Gaussian barrier distribution (SAGBD) model and coupled channel approach, this work investigates fusion mechanism of 40Ca + 46,48,50Ti systems. For these reactions, the roles of internal structural degrees of freedom of collision partners and diffuseness parameter associated with Woods-Saxon potential in fusion dynamics are investigated. For chosen systems, simple Wong formula based calculations are found to be unable for description of actual fusion data at sub-barrier energies. The inclusion of quadrupole deformation with an additional radius parameter in deformed choice of nuclear potential along with the simple Wong formula is capable to retrace the experimental data. In SAGBD model, simple Wong formula is weighted by a Gaussian function and SAGBD model with different choice of diffuseness has been explored wherein fusion yields have been found to be quite sensitive to the choice of diffuseness of Woods-Saxon potential. SAGBD outcomes with Winther and Akyüz-Winther diffuseness are unable in retrieving of experimental data. In order to improve theoretical predictions, the diffuseness is optimized relative to Winther & Akyüz-Winther value and theoretical outcomes with an optimized diffuseness parameter within SAGBD model keenly address the fusion behaviour of 40Ca + 46,48,50Ti reactions. Coupled channel analysis of given reactions, wherein the influences of low-lying vibrational states of participants are directly considered, readily reproduced the fusion data for all studied systems. The low lying vibrational states 2+ & 3- states are found to be sufficient to reproduce the fusion data for 40Ca + 46,48Ti reactions. However, for 40Ca + 50Ti reactions, in addition to low lying 2+ & 3- vibrational states, the considerations of a pair neutron transfer channel is required to address sub-barrier fusion data.
Challenges in Designing Basic Physics Course for Undergraduate Biologists - investigating difficulties with learning physics
Authors: Kaczmarek Mirela , Greczyło Tomasz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper presents the results of reflection on the course Physics with Elements of Biophysics taught at the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy of the University of Wroclaw for biology students. It contains descriptions of the research on the motivation and attitude of biology students towards learning physics, as well as presents the results of the quantitative evaluation of the course carried out after its first run. The analysis of the obtained results is placed in the research framework and makes the bases for changes in similar courses planned for the coming years. It also makes a foundation for the proposal of teaching strategies that possibly address the emerging problems and challenges. The publication ends with recommendations and actions aimed at improving the effectiveness of educational activities.
Exploring active learning in physics with ISLE-based modules in high school
Authors: Tufino Eugenio , Onorato Pasquale , Oss Stefano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a case study of active learning within the Investigative Science Learning Environment (ISLE), using the iOLab digital devices. We designed a pilot lab format to enhance student engagement and understanding through direct experimentation, taking advantage of the multifunctional capabilities of the iOLab devices. This paper evaluates the pedagogical effectiveness of integrating ISLE with digital tools for data collection and analysis in physics experiments. The initial findings provide insights into the pedagogical benefits and logistical considerations of using such technologies in a laboratory setting. Although no direct comparison with traditional teaching methods has been made, the observed student engagement and feedback suggest a positive impact on learning outcomes, even within the constraints of the short duration of the interventions.
The use of a spreadsheet in the inquiry-based activities
Authors: Spodniakova Pfefferova Miriam , Hruška Martin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Physics is the part of science where you need to work with mathematical concepts expressed by mathematical equations and graphs and understand mathematical modelling. For a clear and better understanding of physics by students, it is very important that they understand these equations and graphs. One option is to create simulations in a spreadsheet to explore physical phenomena. The aim of this paper is to show one of the possibilities of using them in inquiry-based activities focused on mechanics - uniform and non-uniform motion, periodic motion, etc. The simulations are mainly intended for a basic physics course for college students in non-physics degree programs and have been tested in an online physics course during the two academic years of the pandemic. The feedback obtained during the classes was used to finalize the simulations.
Design and evaluation of a questionnaire on the quantum physics measurement process
Authors: Pospiech Gesche , Faletič Sergej , Michelini Marisa , Santi Lorenzo , Tóth Kristof 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the context of modern approaches to quantum physics via two-state systems, the question of tools for assessing students’ understanding and for identifying learning difficulties in quantum physics arises anew because these differ from traditional approaches. In addition, there are different two-state approaches with different characteristics. One of the key points for understanding quantum physics is the measurement process as it lies at the heart of the differences between quantum and classical physics. Therefore, assessing students’ conceptions about the measurement process was regarded as a first step towards a comprehensive quantum concept inventory. Hence, a questionnaire to inquire the students’ perspective and reasoning about the measurement process as a key concept in quantum physics was developed and presented. This contribution will describe first results of its evaluation and give hints to its further development.
The Physics teachers’ formation and the curriculum reforms in Brazil
Authors: Mattos Cristiano , Machado Rodrigues André 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper provides an overview of the current state of Physics education in Brazil, focusing on recent educational reforms implemented amidst the high school crisis and the shortage of Physics teachers. These intricate reforms reflect the country’s vast scale and unique challenges, including disparities and inequalities. Despite the necessity for comprehensive changes spanning different levels and components, educational policies fail to adequately address the historical challenges in Physics teaching. For example, efforts to address issues such as the shortage of Physics teachers through neoliberal curriculum reform, which diminishes the emphasis on Physics classes, merely mask the problems rather than effectively resolve them.
The influence of teacher´s experience on students´ argumentation
Authors: Kozánek Kiss Tünde , Velmovská Klára 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Argumentation in solving physics problems is among the important aspects of teaching that contribute to the development of the students´ personality. The outcome of science education should, among other things, be the development of young people´s abilities to participate in discussions and make decisions on scientific issues based on relevant information that affects their lives. In the paper we gave a definition of argumentation in teaching of physics, according to which the pupils provide explanation or clarification some physical phenomenon, based on assumptions – known and valid facts, rules and laws of physics or based on facts and acquired information (for example by measuring) draws conclusions and provides proof for hypotheses. We also looked at criteria for evaluating students´ responses in terms of argumentation – scheme C(claim)+A(argument)+C(conclusion) and Toulmin´s scheme. As part of the research, we dealt with argumentation of students in solving physics problems in terms of the number of years of experience of their teachers. We found that students of more experienced teachers were not more successful in solving tasks focused on argumentation.