bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing dispute resolution policy for conflicts settlement in public-private partnership (PPP) projects in educational institutions
Authors: Oyeyoade Stephen 
Published: November 2022

Background: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) advocates a 15-20% allocation of the developing nations’ annual budget to educational development, but the available resources are not adequate to support the sector in the global south. Thus, University Hostel Development and Management (UHDM) policy was selected to attract private investors for the provision of educational facilities in Nigerian public universities. The policy considered a public-private partnership (PPP) model to ameliorate the menace of dilapidated infrastructures. Initially, there was massive investors’ participation until contractual disputes started to undermine the success recorded. Therefore, incessant disputes without resourceful resolutions motivate the need to examine this policy and spot the gaps for necessary improvement. Policy: The National Universities Commission (NUC) augments the provision of infrastructure in Nigerian public universities through the UHDM initiative in 2004. Conflicts owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders’ contrasting interests overwhelmed the initiative. Many value-added projects were terminated. The poor condition of facilities lingers to serve as a basic factor for half-baked graduates, low employee productivity and declined socio-economic values of the nation. This brief focuses on the role of formal dispute resolution mechanisms (DRMs) for conflict management in PPP arrangements. By observation, stakeholders rarely envisage potential conflicts, thus, no contemplation of specific DRMs adoption despite the inevitability of contractual disputes. Recommendations: This brief recommends the inclusion of the dispute resolution policy in the PPP Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). Recommendations are hereby generated from the analysis of the stakeholders’ opinions on the causes of the dispute, conflict prevention strategies, and the relevant dispute resolution mechanisms peculiar to the PPP contracts in educational institutions. Also, ambiguities in the policy that bordered on an inexplicit institutional framework, lack of PPP experts’ involvement, imperfect contract agreement, and deficiency of feasibility study, are resolved by the recommendations.
The senses of illative and lative case in the Mordvin languages
Authors: Erkkilä Riku 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. In this paper, I study the difference between the two goal-cases of the Mordvin languages, namely, the illative and the lative. A spatial case system with two productive goal-cases but only one case for each of the other spatial relations (i.e., location, source, and path) is a rare phenomenon in languages. To explain thissituation, I study the semantics of the cases. I analyze the senses of the two cases, i.e., I study what meanings are expressed by them, and compare the semantic structures of the cases. Both of the cases are used to express mostly the same senses, but the frequencies of the senses differ between the cases. To explain this, I employ the concept of specificity. Specificity refers to the phenomenon where a relation between Trajectorand Landmark is conceptualized as either more or less specific. The comparison of the semantics of the two cases reveals that the illative is used with more and the lative with less specific conceptualizations.In this paper, I study the difference between the two goal-cases of the Mordvin languages, namely, the illative and the lative. A spatial case system with two productive goal-cases but only one case for each of the other spatial relations (i.e., location, source, and path) is a rare phenomenon in languages. To explain this situation, I study the semantics of the cases. I analyze the senses of the two cases, i.e., I study what meanings are expressed by them, and compare the semantic structures of the cases. Both of the cases are used to express mostly the same senses, but the frequencies of the senses differ between the cases. To explain this, I employ the concept of specificity. Specificity refers to the phenomenon where a relation between Trajector and Landmark is conceptualized as either more or less specific. The comparison of the semantics of the two cases reveals that the illative is used with more and the lative with less specific conceptualizations.
Kokkuvõte. Riku Erkkilä: Illatiivi ja latiivi tähendused mordva keeltes. Käesolevas töös uurin erinevusi mordva keelte kahe sihikääne ehk illatiivi ja latiivi vahel. Kohakäänete süsteem, kus on kaks produktiivset sihikäänet, kuid ainult üks kääne teiste kohasuhete väljendamiseks, on maailma keeltes tavaliselt haruldane nähtus. Selle olukorra selgitamiseks uurin käänete semantikat. Analüüsin, milliseid tähendusi käänded väljendavad, ja võrdlen käänete semantilisi struktuure. Mõlemaid käändeid kasutatakse enamasti samademõtete väljendamiseks, aga mõtete sagedused on käänete vahel erinevad. Selle selgitamiseks kasutan spetsiifilisuse mõistet. Spetsiifilisus viitab nähtusele, kus trajektori ja orientiiri vaheline seos kontseptualiseeritakse kas enam või vähem spetsiifilisena. Käänete semantika võrdlusest selgub, et illatiivikasutatakse spetsiifilisemate ja latiivi vähem spetsiifiliste kontseptualisatsioonidega.
Acute hepatic porphyria - classification, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Czekaj Aleksandra , Ruszel Kinga , Dubel Robert , Dubel Julia , Namroży Natalia 
Published: November 2022

Porphyrias belong to the group of inherited metabolic diseases. Each of the four types of acute hepatic porphyria is caused by a different mutation in the gene of an enzyme involved in the heme biosynthetic pathway. The literature distinguishes between: Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP), Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP), Variegate Porphyria (VP) and Aminolevulinic Dehydratic ADP (ADP) deficiency. -deficient Porphyria). Deficiency of individual enzymes leads to ineffective heme production and accumulation of neurotoxic intermediates - the so-called porphyrins. Two excess metabolites are of major importance in diagnostics - ALA (amionolevulinic acid) and PBG (porphobilinogen). In most cases, the activity of the less functional enzyme is so high that the disease never becomes apparent (latent form). Excessive accumulation of porphyrin precursors is associated with exposure to porphyrinogenic factors, leading to a seizure whose symptoms are closely related to autonomic, peripheral neuropathy, and accompanying neuropsychiatric disorders. In diagnostics, particular attention should be paid to the circumstances of the symptoms and the history of the patient's disease, which often includes numerous episodes of unexplained abdominal pain, which was so severe that it forced the patient to report to emergency departments. A severe attack of porphyria is a medical emergency and requires hospitalization. Failure to diagnose or properly treat it may result in flaccid tetraplegia, respiratory failure, brain edema, coma, and sudden circulation detention.
Starting and running speed on the example of football clubs from Berlin
Authors: Kalinowski Paweł , Jerszyński Damian , Nowakowska Monika , Pietranis Dariusz 
Published: November 2022

Currently, football is one of the most popular disciplines in the world. In the country of four-time World Champions, it is the most popular sport in which millions of fans and players are engaged. The German Bundesliga belongs to the Top 4 football leagues in Europe. Constant development of the discipline improves the training process. Shaping and developing selected motor skills seems to be necessary in modern training. In previous studies, many researchers emphasize the importance of motion speed in football. Nevertheless, the research conducted on a group of players of one German team in the 2017/2018 season raised some doubts. Therefore, the study attempts to expand research and determine the relationship between start speed and running speed and the effectiveness of football games of German teams. The research subject was 83 footballers from German clubs Berliner TSC and BSC Eintracht Südring Berlin. The results of studies carried out in Berlin in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons were analyzed. The take-off speed in 5 m race, 20 m run speed was measured, and the players' effectiveness during the game was modified using the competent referee method. The test results were statistically processed in the Statistica 13.3 program. Descriptive statistics (X), minimum (min), maximum (max) and standard deviations (SD) statistics were performed and a correlation coefficient was determined. In studies on an increased research group, no significant statistical relationship was found between motion speed and the effectiveness of German players' game.
Eating habits in students with sports specialization
Authors: Juříková Jana 
Published: November 2022

University studies with its increased psychological demands on all students in comparison to secondary schooling causes changes in their eating habits. Moreover, university degree programmes with sports focus may also be associated with increased physical load of students. This work investigates students´ dietary habits at the Faculty of Sports Studies of Masaryk University in Brno (Czech Republic) using a questionnaire survey. 80 persons (45 men and 35 women) were randomly selected to participate in the survey. The average age of respondents was 20.18 years for men and 20.56 years for women. The average BMI was 24.48 for men and 22.01 for women. All subjects were found in the normal weight range according to BMI. The findings of the questionnaire survey showed that while men typically (49.8%) eat 5 times a day, most women consume (65.7%) 4 daily meals. Furthermore, the frequency of consumption of main meals, i.e. breakfast, lunch and dinner, was examined. It is gratifying to find that most students - both men (66.7%) and women (65.7%) have breakfast daily, which is in agreement with nutritional recommendations. Lunch is considered the most important meal of the day. Lunch is also consumed by most respondents daily - the answers are the same as the answers to the previous question: 66.7% of men and 65.7% of women said that they have lunch daily. Concerning the consumption of dinners, most men (again 66.7%) have dinner daily, most women (34.3%) have dinner daily and the same number (34.3%) have dinner most days of the week, but not daily. Regarding the amount of fluids, most men (51.1%) reported that they drink 1.5-2 litres of fluids daily, while most women (66.7%) reported that they drink 2-3 litres of fluids daily. These results are related to the difficulty of various sport activities during the day.
Heart muscle dysfunction during physical activity – biochemical response of muscle tissue
Authors: Żołądkiewicz Katarzyna , Brzezińska Paulina , Żakowiecki Jacek 
Published: November 2022

In order to achieve the goal of completing a marathon run, athletes who make this effort are on the verge of their endurance. The marathon run is a serious challenge for many regulatory and homeostasis systems. During exercise, dehydration, hyperthermia and the synergistic effect of both stressors occur, reduce the stroke volume of the heart and thus blood flow to the muscles, skin and brain. Such intense effort releases markers of heart damage. Their presence is influenced by many factors. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding to effect of intensive physical activity on heart muscle functioning and biochemical response during this type of response. This type of revive could lead to better understanding of this process and propose protective methods during this type of response.
The effectiveness of health-recreating programme of rock-climbing activities for 9-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders
Authors: Kadiyeva Margaryta , Blagii Oleksandra 
Published: November 2022

The results of theoretical generalization and practical solution of the issue regarding increase of the effectiveness of health-recreating activities for children of primary school age with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders are described in this article.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the health-recreating activities programme for children of 9 to 10 years of age attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, using rock climbing.
Methods and organization of the study. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis of special scientific and methodological literature; anthropometric and pedagogical techniques; and the methods of mathematical statistics. Children of the primary school age (9-year-olds, 26 children in total) took part in this study. Duration of the programme – 9 months. In each group, the activities were held 3 times a week, lasting 60 minutes. Among other methods, apart from rock climbing, were used the series of playing activities on the rock-climbing wall: relay races, physical activities, quests, role-play games with plot. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test(W-test) was used for the qualitative analysis of statistical data and for identifying reliable changes.
Results. At the end of pedagogical experiment, reliable changes (р<0,05; р<0,001) happened in indicators, which characterized total body size. Positive influence of rock climbing was reflected in decrease of overweight children. Probable changes (р<0.001) appeared in indicators, which characterized the work of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Under the influence of recreating rock-climbing activities for the children of primary school age (9-year-olds) reliable changes happened (р<0.001) in indicators, which characterized strength, flexibility and agility. Significant positive changes determined in indicators, which reflected the level of physical health and physical preparedness.
An image of a man in a sports advertisement
Authors: Kończak Jarosław 
Published: November 2022

Sport is an attractive business platform for communication not only with customers, but also with all stakeholders. It can be observed not only in advertising communication of the producers operating on the broadly understood sports market, sponsors or companies using ambush marketing. It is also used in brand marketing by companies which, despite their lack of connotation with sport, willingly benefit from a number of sports attributes, values and connotations.
The study aims to present the image of a man in marketing communication based on sports motives. The selected aspects subjected to analysis will help to define the role of a man in advertising sports communication and verify the declarations of the companies that pursue their goals using this level of communication. The author analysed selected advertising campaigns (audio-video format) containing sports accents. Communications of 1,270 advertisements representing 254 brands were analysed. The analysis covered six different areas: image and product advertising, share of sports disciplines, sports accessories, the man's attitude, an area of the sports involvement, and the valued presented.
The analysis showed that the man presented in a sports advertisement is multidimensional, just as sport is. Traditional areas connotated with sport, such as competition and team support, are not the only ones to penetrate the advertising’s contents. While the former area is very common in general, this is one of the least frequently used sports motives. Much more often, sport appears as an element to build man’s identity, his inner strength, heroic spirit. The sport spirit and values underlying such an identity appears to be more important than most of the sport disciplines presented in advertisements. Exception to the rule is football, which continues to be the number one, regardless of whether it concerns the man’s image promoted by a male sports star or by an anonymous man.
Can preservice physical educators’ implicit attitude toward students with disabilities be changed by adapted physical education training program? Based on an Implicit Association Test
Authors: Li Yun , Tan Qinyi 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Aim to explore whether preservice physical educators’ implicit attitude toward students with disabilities could be improved by a mid-term adapted physical education training program.
Design: A randomized and controlled trial was deployed in the current experiment. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (Experimental group and control group) after the pre-test of IAT. Post-test IAT was conducted for two groups after the training program for the experimental group.
Findings: Chinese preservice physical educators’ implicit attitudes toward students with disabilities were negative. They also had a prejudice against students with disabilities. But the implicit attitudes toward students with disabilities could be improved by mid-term adapted physical education training. Furthermore, gender and contact experience with disabilities had no significant influence on the change in their implicit attitude.
“Let Me Get Back to You”—A Machine Learning Approach to Measuring NonAnswers
Authors: Barth Andreas , Mansouri Sasan , Wöbbeking Fabian 
Published: November 2022

Using a supervised machine learning framework on a large training set of questions and answers, we identify 1,364 trigrams that signal nonanswers in earnings call questions and answers (Q&A). We show that this glossary has economic relevance by applying it to contemporaneous stock market reactions after earnings calls. Our findings suggest that obstructing the flow of information leads to significantly lower cumulative abnormal stock returns and higher implied volatility. As both our method and glossary are free of financial context, we believe that the measure is applicable to other fields with a Q&A setup outside the contextual domain of financial earnings conference calls. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4597 .
Contracting for Product Support Under Information Asymmetry
Authors: Li Dong , Mishra Nishant , Netessine Serguei 
Published: November 2022

In after-sales product support, both literature and practice have highlighted the advantages of paying for performance under performance-based contracts (PBC) over the more traditional transaction-based contracts (TBC) that tie supplier payments to each repair incident. Although PBC is believed to better align incentives in the supply chain when the supplier’s private effort is difficult to verify, emerging technologies can make the repair process more transparent, which can eliminate the supplier’s moral hazard problem. Meanwhile, fast growth of service outsourcing for established products makes information asymmetry with regards to product failure rates a new challenge for maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) operations. To analyze this changing environment, we build a stylized adverse selection model and explore which contract is more efficient in dealing with information asymmetry. We assume that equipment failure rates are only known by the customer, whose outside options are type dependent. The uninformed supplier has to design appropriate mechanisms to overcome the disadvantages of this information structure while maximizing profits. We show that the two contracts demonstrate different screening ability, and TBC may be preferred over PBC. Type-dependent outside options can lead to countervailing incentives, making PBC immune to information asymmetry and enabling it to achieve the first-best outcome. When the differential of outside options has a relatively stronger effect compared with the differential of failure rates, TBC can bring the supplier a higher ex ante payoff than PBC. Our paper brings to light a heretofore unknown advantage of TBC, and we demonstrate when these contracts are likely to be observed in the third-party MRO market. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. Funding: This work was supported by the Fishman-Davidson Center at the Wharton School, Erasmus Research Institute of Management, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71801228]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4606 .
Convergence of Finite Memory Q Learning for POMDPs and Near Optimality of Learned Policies Under Filter Stability
Authors: Kara Ali Devran , Yüksel Serdar 
Published: November 2022

In this paper, for partially observed Markov decision problems (POMDPs), we provide the convergence of a Q learning algorithm for control policies using a finite history of past observations and control actions, and consequentially, we establish near optimality of such limit Q functions under explicit filter stability conditions. We present explicit error bounds relating the approximation error to the length of the finite history window. We establish the convergence of such Q learning iterations under mild ergodicity assumptions on the state process during the exploration phase. We further show that the limit fixed point equation gives an optimal solution for an approximate belief Markov decision problem (MDP). We then provide bounds on the performance of the policy obtained using the limit Q values compared with the performance of the optimal policy for the POMDP, in which we also present explicit conditions using recent results on filter stability in controlled POMDPs. Whereas there exist many experimental results, (i) the rigorous asymptotic convergence (to an approximate MDP value function) for such finite memory Q learning algorithms and (ii) the near optimality with an explicit rate of convergence (in the memory size) under filter stability are results that are new to the literature to our knowledge. Funding: This research was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada.
Pricing Under Uncertainty in Multi-Interval Real-Time Markets
Authors: Cho Jehum , Papavasiliou Anthony 
Published: November 2022

A Novel Practical Stochastic Pricing Model for Multi-Interval Real-Time Markets Practical implementations of economic dispatch with associated pricing systems are crucial for operating electricity markets. Because of the high volatility caused by the increasing integration of renewable energy, consideration of the underlying stochastic problem is becoming more important than ever. It is a challenge to incorporate the uncertain nature of real-time operations into an already complex multi-interval dynamic problem with intertemporal constraints. Because solving a standard multi-stage stochastic programming problem is too burdensome in terms of calculation time for real-time markets, it has been standard practice in electricity markets to use a deterministic approximation with varying degrees of look-ahead. Cho and Papavasiliou, in their article “Pricing Under Uncertainty in Multi-Interval Real-Time Markets”, introduced a practical alternative method for pricing under uncertainty in multi-interval real-time markets. Using slightly different stochastic formulations, these authors propose an approach that preserves the attractive features from both the deterministic formulation (simpler calculation) and the standard stochastic formulation (better performance).