bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive feedback connection with a single‐level feature for object detection
Authors: Ruan Zhongling , Cao Jianzhong , Wang Hao , Guo Huinan , Yang Xin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFrom the perspective of detector optimisation, detecting objects using only a one‐level feature cannot provide good performance for a wide range of scales. Various complex feature pyramidal structures address this problem using the divide‐and‐conquer strategy and multi‐scale feature fusion. However, this requires adding too many additional convolutional layers and fusion operations. To address the issue, a simple detection part is proposed, which includes three components, namely a one‐level feature map for detection, the encoder structure with feedback connection, and a decoupled head. The redesigned encoder and decoupled head can successfully address the performance decline caused by the one‐level feature‐based detection. Moreover, the proposed method can accelerate the convergence of the detector and achieve a faster inference time. Based on the optimised detection part, an adaptive feedback connection with a single‐level feature (AFS) is proposed for object detection. The experiments conducted on the MS COCO 2017 benchmark show that the proposed method can achieve comparable results with its multi‐scale pyramid counterpart, You Only Look Once v4 (YOLOv4). In addition, AFS can help the YOLOv4 achieve 44.9 mAP at 27 frame per second and converging 82 epochs earlier under the image size of 608×608, which represents a 42.1% improvements in the convergence speed.
Thermal analysis of axial‐radial hybrid ventilation motor and stator ventilation channel improvement
Authors: Ge Baojun , Zhang Jiacheng , Tao Dajun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe stator ventilation channel is the key component that affects the cooling capability of the axial‐radial hybrid ventilation motor (ARHVM). To study the influence of the stator ventilation channel on fluid flow and temperature distribution in the ARHVM, taking a 500 kW medium‐sized high‐voltage ARHVM as the research object, the global calculation model of the ARHVM, including the external cooler, was established. The flow characteristics and temperature distribution of the motor were obtained using finite element analysis, and the calculated results were validated through test data. In addition, in view of the vortex phenomenon that hinders fluid flow in the stator radial ventilation duct, this study proposes a new type of stator ventilation channel structure, which can improve the fluid flow pattern and effectively suppress the vortex phenomenon. Compared with the original linear ventilation channel, the temperature of the stator region can be decreased by 1–2.5℃ via the new stator ventilation channel.
Deep MIMO radar target detector in Gaussian clutter
Authors: Luo Dongqi , Ye Zixuan , Si Binqiang , Zhu Jihong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe focus on the target detection problem of the multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar in clutter. Most of the existing MIMO radar detection works rely on the clutter models, which may limit their scopes of application. To address this issue, a deep learning based MIMO radar target detection framework is proposed in this paper, which utilises the powerful representation and discrimination capabilities of deep neural networks (DNNs) to improve the detection performance in a data‐driven manner and does not require any prior information about the clutter distribution. In most classification problems, DNNs are trained with the cross entropy loss, which promotes DNNs to achieve higher accuracy. However, the main concern in the radar target detection problem is the probability of detection (PD) under a given probability of false alarm. In this framework, a novel loss is proposed to directly maximise the average PD of the DNN, or equivalently maximise the area under curve of the DNN. Under the DL‐based MIMO radar target detection framework, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is introduced, and an input feature of the received signal for the CNN based on the conventional generalised likelihood ratio test statistics is designed to further improve the detection performance. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented to validate the detection performance and the robustness of the proposed methods.
Binary black hole mergers from young massive clusters in the pair-instability supernova mass gap
Authors: Banerjee Sambaran 
Published: July 2022

Context. The recent discovery of the binary black hole (BBH) merger event GW190521, between two black holes (BHs) of ≈100 Msamp, in addition to other massive BBH merger events involving BHs within the pair-instability supernova (PSN) mass gap have sparked widespread debate on the origin of such extreme gravitational-wave (GW) events. GW190521 simultaneously triggers two critical questions: how BHs can appear within the ‘forbidden’ PSN gap and, if they do, how they get to participate in general-relativistic (GR) mergers.
Aims. In this study, I investigate whether dynamical interactions in young massive clusters (YMCs) serve as a viable scenario for assembling PSN-gap BBH mergers.
Methods. To that end, I explore a grid of 40 new evolutionary models of a representative YMC of initial mass and size Mcl = 7.5 × 104 Msamp (N ≈ 1.28 × 105) and rh = 2 pc, respectively. The model grid ranges over metallicity 0.0002 ≤ Z ≤ 0.02 and comprises initial cluster configurations of King central concentration parameters W0 = 7 and 9. In each model, all BH progenitor stars are initially in primordial binaries following observationally motivated distributions. All cluster models are evolved with the direct, relativistic N-body code NBODY7, incorporating up-to-date remnant formation, BH natal spin, and GR merger recoil schemes.
Results. Binary black hole mergers from these model cluster computations agree well with the masses and effective spin parameters, χeff, of the events from the latest gravitational-wave transient catalogue (GWTC). In particular, GW190521-like, that is to say ≈200 Msamp, low χeff events are produced via a dynamical merger among BHs derived from star-star merger products. GW190403_051519-like, that is PSN-gap, highly asymmetric, high χeff events result from mergers involving BHs that are spun up via matter accretion or a binary interaction. The resulting present-day, differential intrinsic merger rate density, within the PSN gap, accommodates that from GWTC well.
Conclusions. This study demonstrates that, subject to model uncertainties, the tandem of massive binary evolution and dynamical interactions in ≲100 Myr-old, low metallicity YMCs in the Universe can plausibly produce GR mergers involving PSN-gap BHs and in rates consistent with that from up-to-date GW observations. Such clusters can produce extreme events similar to GW190521 and GW190403_051519. The upper limit of the models’ GW190521-type event rate is within the corresponding LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK)-estimated rate limits, although the typical model rate lies below LVK’s lower limit. The present YMC models yield a merger rate density of 0−3.8 × 10−2 yr−1 Gpc−3 for GW190521-type events. They produce GW190403_051519-like events at a rate within 0−1.6 × 10−1 yr−1 Gpc−3 and their total BBH-merger yield within the PSN gap is 0−8.4 × 10−1 yr−1 Gpc−3.
The Calern Asteroid Polarisation Survey
Authors: Bendjoya Ph. , Cellino A. , Rivet J.-P. , Devogèle M. , Bagnulo S. , Abe L. , Vernet D. , Gil-Hutton R. , Veneziani A. 
Published: July 2022

Context. The Calern Asteroid Polarimetric Survey (CAPS), a collaboration between the INAF Astrophysical Observatory of Torino (Italy) and the Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (Nice, France), has produced new asteroid polarimetric data for a number of years, and is one of the most important, currently active projects of asteroid polarimetry.
Aims. The purpose of this paper is to make public the CAPS data collected thus far, to explain the adopted techniques of data reduction and computation of phase-polarisation curves for the measured objects, and explain, by means of some examples, the importance of the CAPS database.
Methods. The pipeline of data reduction has been recently updated and made as automatic as possible, using numerical algorithms developed specifically for the purposes of CAPS. The derivation of phase-polarisation curves for the observed asteroids is done using established criteria and algorithms that have recently been slightly improved, and are also summarised in this paper.
Results. The CAPS catalogue is a steadily growing source of information which can be exploited for different purposes, including, but not limited to, an updated calibration of the relations existing between different polarimetric parameters and the geometric albedo of the objects, and a study of classes of objects that can be most easily identified by means of their polarimetric properties. These subjects will be more specifically discussed in separate papers.
Conclusions. Asteroid polarimetry data nicely complement the results of other more commonly used techniques, including visible and IR photometry and spectroscopy. CAPS contains a lot of much-desired information about physical properties, which can hardly be inferred by means of other techniques.
High-precision chemical abundances of Galactic building blocks
Authors: Matsuno Tadafumi , Dodd Emma , Koppelman Helmer H. , Helmi Amina , Ishigaki Miho N. , Aoki Wako , Zhao Jingkun , Yuan Zhen , Hattori Kohei 
Published: July 2022

Context. The Helmi streams are a kinematic substructure whose progenitor is likely a dwarf galaxy. Although 20 years have passed since their discovery, it is still unclear whether their members are chemically distinguishable from other halo stars in the Milky Way.
Aims. We aim to precisely characterize the chemical properties of the Helmi streams.
Methods. We analyzed high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra for 11 Helmi stream stars through a line-by-line abundance analysis. We compared the derived abundances to homogenized literature abundances of the other halo stars, including those belonging to other kinematic substructures, such as Gaia-Enceladus and Sequoia.
Results. Compared to typical halo stars, the Helmi stream members clearly show low values of [X/Fe] in elements produced by massive stars, such as Na and α-elements. This tendency is seen down to metallicities of at least [Fe/H] ∼ − 2.2, suggesting type Ia supernovae already started to contribute to the chemical evolution at this metallicity. We find that the [α/Fe] ratio does not evolve significantly with metallicity, making the Helmi stream stars less distinguishable from Gaia-Enceladus stars at [Fe/H] ≳ − 1.5. The almost constant but low value of [α/Fe] might be indicative of quiescent star formation with low efficiency at the beginning and bursty star formation at later times. We also find extremely low values of [Y/Fe] at low metallicity, providing further support for the claim that light neutron-capture elements are deficient in Helmi streams. While Zn is deficient at low metallicity, it shows a large spread at high metallicity. The origin of the extremely low Y abundances and Zn variations remains unclear.
Conclusions. The Helmi stream stars are distinguishable from the majority of the halo stars if homogeneously derived abundances are compared.
Probing the surface environment of large T-type asteroids
Authors: Kwon Yuna G. , Hasegawa Sunao , Fornasier Sonia , Ishiguro Masateru , Agarwal Jessica 
Published: July 2022

Context. The thermal and radiative environments encountered by asteroids have shaped their surface features. Recent observations have focused on asteroids in the main belt and showed indications for ices and organics in the interiors of the asteroids that were likely significant on prebiotic Earth. They stand out in reflectance spectra as darker, redder colours than most colocated asteroids.
Aims. We probe the surface environment of large (>80km in diameter) T-type asteroids. This taxonomic type is relatively ill-constrained as an independent group. We discuss their place of origin based on our probing.
Methods. We performed spectroscopic observations of two T-type asteroids, (96) Aegle and (570) Kythera, over the L band (2.8–4.0 µm) using the Subaru telescope. The spectra of other T-type asteroids are available in the literature, as are survey datasets. Based on this, we strove to find commonalities and global trends in this group. We also used the archival polarimetric data of the asteroids and meteorite spectra from laboratory experiments to constrain their surface texture and composition.
Results. Our targets exhibit red L-band continuum slopes, (0.30±0.04) µm−1 for (96) Aegle and (0.31 ± 0.03) µm−1 for (570) Kythera, that are similar to those of (1) Ceres and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, and have an OH-absorption feature with band centres <2.8 µm. For (96) Aegle, we find an indication of a shallow N–H band near 3.1 µm and a C–H band of organic materials over 3.4–3.6 µm, whereas no diagnostic bands of water ice and other volatiles exceeding the noise of the data were seen for both asteroids. The large T-type asteroids except for (596) Scheila display spectral shapes similar to those of to our targets. About 50% of large T-type asteroids contain an absorption band near 0.6−0.65 µm that is likely associated with hydrated minerals. For T-type asteroids (except for Jupiter Trojans) of all sizes, we found a weak correlation that the smaller the diameter and the closer to the Sun, the redder the visible (0.5−0.8 µm) slope.
Conclusions. The 2.9 µm band depths of large T-type asteroids suggest that they might have experienced aqueous alteration comparable to Ch-type asteroids, but that it was more intense than for most of the main-belt asteroids. The polarimetric phase curve of the T-type asteroids is well described by a particular surface structure. The 0.5−4.0 µm reflectance spectra of large T-type asteroids appear most similar to those of CI chondrites with grain sizes of ~25−35 µm. Taken as a whole, we propose that large T-type asteroids may have been dislodged roughly around 10 au in the early Solar System.
Leberchirurgie 4.0 - OP-Planung, Volumetrie, Navigation und Virtuelle
Realität
Authors: Huber Tobias , Huettl Florentine , Hanke Laura Isabel , Vradelis Lukas , Heinrich Stefan , Hansen Christian , Boedecker Christian , Lang Hauke 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDurch die Optimierung der konservativen Behandlung, die Verbesserung der
bildgebenden Verfahren und die Weiterentwicklung der Operationstechniken haben
sich das operative Spektrum sowie der Maßstab für die Resektabilität in Bezug
auf die Leberchirurgie in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich verändert.Dank zahlreicher technischer Entwicklungen, insbesondere der 3-dimensionalen
Segmentierung, kann heutzutage die präoperative Planung und die Orientierung
während der Operation selbst, vor allem bei komplexen Eingriffen, unter
Berücksichtigung der patientenspezifischen Anatomie erleichtert werden.Neue Technologien wie 3-D-Druck, virtuelle und augmentierte Realität bieten
zusätzliche Darstellungsmöglichkeiten für die individuelle Anatomie.
Verschiedene intraoperative Navigationsmöglichkeiten sollen die präoperative
Planung im Operationssaal verfügbar machen, um so die Patientensicherheit zu
erhöhen.Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll einen Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Stand der
verfügbaren Technologien sowie einen Ausblick in den Operationssaal der Zukunft
geben.
Identification of Endocannabinoid Predictors of Treatment Outcomes in
Major Depressive Disorder: A Secondary Analysis of the First Canadian Biomarker
Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND 1) Study
Authors: Kim Helena K. , Zai Gwyneth , Müller Daniel J. , Husain Muhammad I. , Lam Raymond W. , Frey Benicio N. , Soares Claudio N. , Parikh Sagar V. , Milev Roumen , Foster Jane A. , Turecki Gustavo , Farzan Faranak , Mulsant Benoit H. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Tripathy Shreejoy J. , Kloiber Stefan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction An increasing number of studies are examining the link
between the endocannabinoidome and major depressive disorder (MDD). We conducted
an exploratory analysis of this system to identify potential markers of
treatment outcomes.
Methods The dataset of the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in
Depression-1 study, consisting of 180 patients with MDD treated for eight weeks
with escitalopram followed by eight weeks with escitalopram alone or augmented
with aripiprazole was analyzed. Association between response Montgomery-Asberg
Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; score reduction≥50%) or
remission (MADRS score≤10) at weeks 8 and 16 and single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs), methylation, and mRNA levels of 33 endocannabinoid markers
were examined. A standard genome-wide association studies protocol was used for
identifying SNPs, and logistic regression was used to assess methylation and
mRNA levels.
Results Lower methylation of CpG islands of the diacylglycerol lipase
alpha gene (DAGLA) was associated with non-remission at week 16
(DAGLA; OR=0.337, p<0.003, q=0.050).
Methylation of DAGLA was correlated with improvement in Clinical Global
Impression (p=0.026), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology
(p=0.010), and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure scales (p=0.028). We did
not find any association between SNPs or mRNA levels and treatment outcomes.
Discussion Methylation of DAGLA is a promising candidate as a
marker of treatment outcomes for MDD and needs to be explored further.
Synthetic Tools that Enable Synthesis and Understanding of Bioactive Macrocycles
Authors: Yudin Andrei K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article aims to summarizing the evolution of my lab’s research efforts in making and understanding peptide macrocycles. What started as a curiosity-driven investigation of amphoteric structures in multicomponent reactions, has turned into a sustained exploration of complex macrocyclic peptides. As part of this journey, my students and I have introduced new tools that enable chemical synthesis and property-driven optimization of cyclic peptides. These contributions are expected to be relevant in the areas of drug discovery and biological probe design.
Cluster Preface: Organic Photoredox Catalysis in Synthesis – Honoring Professor Shunichi Fukuzumi’s 70th Birthday
Authors: Nicewicz David 
Published: July 2022

Dave Nicewicz was born and raised in the United States in Central New Jersey, before moving to North Carolina, where he completed his Bachelor’s (2000) and Master’s (2001) degrees in Chemistry at the University of North Carolina (USA) at Charlotte with Professor Craig A. Ogle. He then moved to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA) where he completed his Ph.D. with Professor Jeffrey S. Johnson. Dave’s studies were focused on the development of acyl anion equivalents generated via 1,2-Brook rearrangements from silylglyoxylates, which he was able to successfully apply to a total synthesis of zaragozic acid C to complete his Ph.D. in 2006. Following his graduate education, Nicewicz moved back to his native New Jersey in 2007, where he was a Ruth L. Kirschstein Postdoctoral Fellow in the laboratories of Professor David W. C. MacMillan. It was during this time that Nicewicz pioneered the use of ruthenium photoredox catalysis in combination with chiral amine organocatalysis to develop a general method for enantioselective aldehyde alkylation. In July of 2009, Dave went on to begin his independent career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where his laboratory has focused on organic photoredox catalysis for the development of novel chemical reactivity. He has received a number of awards early on in his career from the University of North Carolina (James Moeser Award for Distinguished Research; Ruth Hettleman Prize for Artistic and Scholarly Achievement), industry (Boehringer Ingelheim New Investigator Award in Organic Chemistry; Amgen Young Investigator Award; Eli Lilly Grantee Award), private foundations (Packard Fellowship in Science and Engineering; Camille Prof. D. A. Nicewicz Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award) as well as international recognition (Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan Lectureship Award; The 13th Hirata Award, Nagoya University). In 2015, he was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor, where he leads a research group focused on organic methodology development, catalysis and complex molecule synthesis
Satisfação dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de mão
Authors: Camargo Victória Muller de , Vieira Morgana Marques Mello , Rodrigues Luiz Claudio Lacerda 
Published: July 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Determinar a satisfação dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de mão em relação a sua internação, seus sentimentos, e as consequências decorrentes do procedimento cirúrgico bem como avaliar sua opinião e seus sentimentos em relação ao procedimento cirúrgico e detectar possíveis fragilidades na atenção à saúde do paciente submetido a cirurgia de mão.
Método Estudo clínico observacional de corte transversal, com enfoque quali-quantitativo, realizado em um ambulatório especializado em cuidado da mão de um hospital de ensino, com os pacientes de ambos os gêneros, com idade de 18 a 75 anos, que tenham sido submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos corretivos de patologias da mão nos últimos 5 anos.
Resultados Obtivemos o total de 54 participantes, sendo 26 do sexo feminino e 28 do sexo masculino, com idade mínima de 18 anos e máxima de 73 anos. Em relação à satisfação dos pacientes em 11 momentos avaliados, as médias foram entre 8 e 10, mostrando grande satisfação. Para os outros cinco momentos avaliados, as médias ficaram entre cinco e oito. Não obtivemos nenhuma média de satisfação abaixo de cinco.
Conclusão A satisfação absoluta dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de mão é dependente da humanização da assistência à saúde, principalmente em relação às consequências cirúrgicas, que demandam maior acompanhamento. As consequências cirúrgicas que demandam maior acompanhamento e que dificultam as atividades rotineiras dos pacientes são dor à mobilização da mão, limitação do arco de movimento, e parestesia; assim, o manejo adequado dessas queixas leva à maior satisfação.
Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: An Update
Authors: Habas Elmukhtar , Rayani Amnna , Habas Aml M. , Akbar Raza Ali , Khan Fahmi Yousef , Elzouki Abdul-Naser 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common disabling diseases globally. The main etiopathology of CKD is attributed to progressive renal fibrosis secondary to recurrent renal insults. Anemia is a known complication in CKD patients, associated with higher hospitalization rates and increased mortality risk. CKD-associated anemia (CKD-AA) is either due to true iron deficiency and/or functional iron deficiency anemia. There is new emerging evidence about the effects of erythropoiesis stimulating agents in the treatment of CKD-AA and their role in reversing and preventing kidney fibrosis in the early stages of CKD. This effect potentially provides new scopes in the prevention and treatment of CKD-AA and in decreasing the progression of CKD and the associated long-term complications. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments of CKD-AA will be discussed.