bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of chloroplast DNA haplotype data for ecological restoration using Fagus crenata seedlings in case of incomplete seed source information availability
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Goto Susumu , Fukuda Yoko , Watanabe Atsushi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractForest trees species are often genetically adapted to local environmental conditions. Therefore, local seeds are recommended for ecological restoration. However, seedlings of broad‐leaved tree species, such as Japanese beech (Fagus crenata), are limited in their commercial seedling production in Japan. Thus, long‐distance transfer of seeds and/or seedlings is common. F. crenata's distinct geographical structure is well known; large‐scale seed transfer may increase the risk of genetic disturbance. Several provenance trials of the species revealed that phenotypic traits such as leaf area and bud flush date differed latitudinally and/or between the Pacific Ocean side and the Japan Sea side. We investigated leaf size and bud flush date and identified the chloroplast DNA haplotype of trees planted in two provenance trials established in Hokkaido, Japan. We then examined whether cpDNA haplotype information is useful as a proxy in ecological restoration when using seedlings with incomplete seed source information. This study indicated that suitable seedlings could be selected based on chloroplast DNA haplotype information in F. crenata in the case of incomplete seed source information.
A designed plasmid‐transition strategy enables rapid construction of robust and versatile synthetic exoelectrogens for environmental applications
Authors: Fan Yang‐Yang , Tang Qiang , Sun Hong , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGenetic engineering is promising to expand the application scope of exoelectrogens in energy and environmental applications and plasmid vectors, as one type of fundamental tool, are intensively applied. Antibiotics are widely utilized for plasmid selection and maintenance; however, their utilization suffers from environmental concerns on the spread of resistance genes, elevated costs, inevitable genotypic instability and phenotypic heterogeneity. In this work, we establish an auxotrophic complementation system for stable plasmid maintenance without antibiotic association, in Shewanella oneidensis, an attractive model exoelectrogen. A plasmid‐transition strategy is designed to facilitate the rapid and efficient construction of the auxotrophic complementation system. Such a system not only enables the same intensive gene expression as the conventional antibiotic‐associated plasmid system but also exhibits remarkably superior robustness and stability. With this system, the menaquinone pool of the extracellular respiratory chain is enhanced first independently and further synergized by engineering the Mtr conduit, leading to significantly promoted extracellular electron transfer (EET) outputs (up to 10.33‐ and 2.97‐fold improvement in the maximum current density and the maximum output voltage) and heavy metal Cr(VI) reduction ability (5.15‐fold improvement). This work provides a robust and stable platform to engineer exoelectrogens for environmental applications.
Consent and mutuality in sex education
Authors: Hand Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sharon Lamb, Sam Gable and Doret de Ruyter have recently argued that sex education in schools should promote a more demanding standard for morally permissible sex than consent. On their view, pupils should be taught that morally permissible sex is not only consensual but also mutual, where mutuality requires participants in sex to ‘try to know what is knowable’ about each other. I argue here that, while Lamb et al. are right about the insufficiency of consent, the case for mutuality as a standard of moral permissibility cannot be sustained. Mutuality fares better as a standard of moral desirability, but even in this weaker form, it is too controversial to promote in schools.
Treatment for cephalic arch stenosis with cephalic vein to external jugular vein bridging graft
Authors: Xia Lianghong , Chen Jianguo , Ye Youxin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimPercutaneous transluminal angioplasty or cephalic vein transposition to the axillary vein is mainly used for treatment of cephalic arch stenosis, a common complication of brachiocephalic fistulas. However, the results of such interventions have been disappointing.MethodsWe used a polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis with a 6 mm diameter to bridge the cephalic vein and the ipsilateral external jugular vein, and successfully created a new drainage outlet and established immediate restoration of flow through brachiocephalic fistulas.ResultsThis surgery allowed the cephalic venous arch and subclavian vein, which are vulnerable to stenosis, to be bypassed altogether and the puncture segment could be elongated by about 20 cm.ConclusionIt is a safe and effective alternative to traditional methods of treatment for cephalic arche stenosis.
Comet assay for quantification of the increased DNA damage burden in primary human chondrocytes with aging and osteoarthritis
Authors: Copp Michaela E. , Chubinskaya Susan , Bracey Daniel N. , Shine Jacqueline , Sessions Garrett , Loeser Richard F. , Diekman Brian O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is known that chondrocytes from joints with osteoarthritis (OA) exhibit high levels of DNA damage, but the degree to which chondrocytes accumulate DNA damage during “normal aging” has not been established. The goal of this study was to quantify the DNA damage present in chondrocytes obtained from cadaveric donors of a wide age range, and to compare the extent of this damage to OA chondrocytes. The alkaline comet assay was used to measure the DNA damage in normal cartilage from the ankle (talus) and the knee (femur) of cadaveric donors, as well as in OA chondrocytes obtained at the time of total knee replacement. Chondrocytes from younger donors (<45 years) had less DNA damage than older donors (>70 years) as assessed by the percentage of DNA in the comet “tail”. In donors between 50 and 60 years old, there was increased DNA damage in chondrocytes from OA cartilage as compared to cadaveric. Talar chondrocytes from 23 donors between the ages of 34 and 78 revealed a linear increase in DNA damage with age (R2 = 0.865, p < 0.0001). A “two‐tailed” comet assay was used to demonstrate that most of the accumulated damage is in the form of strand breaks as opposed to alkali‐labile base damage. Chondrocytes from young donors required 10 Gy irradiation to recapitulate the DNA damage present in chondrocytes from older donors. Given the potential for DNA damage to contribute to chondrocyte dysfunction and senescence, this study supports the investigation of mechanisms by which hypo‐replicative cell types accumulate high levels of damage.
Comprehensive analysis of discharge reasons from methadone outpatient treatment programs
Authors: Andraka‐Christou Barbara , Totaram Rachel , Nguyen Thuy D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMethadone treatment (MT) for opioid use disorder is only available in opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in the United States, with retention predictive of positive health outcomes. OTP discharge reason information is needed to develop interventions for facilitating MT retention. We sought to identify discharge reason frequencies and associations between discharge reasons and facility/county‐level characteristics.MethodsWe examined annual OTP discharge reasons for all Florida OTPs from 2014 to 2017 (n = 44,774 discharges). We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine associations between patients’ discharge reasons and (1) facility‐level characteristics (e.g., size, funding type) and (2) county‐level characteristics (e.g., race/ethnicity, overdose rates).ResultsLost contact was the most common discharge reason (29%). Only 11% of patients were discharged for treatment completion, with the proportion one‐third as low in privately versus publicly‐funded OTPs (p < .001). Privately‐funded OTPs had a patient share self‐terminating treatment against medical advice about 3.5 times higher than publicly‐funded OTPs. Inability to pay accounted for 7% of OTP discharges. Noncompliant discharges represented 6% and were more common in counties with larger proportions of Black residents (p < .01). Counties with higher drug overdose rates had significantly more discharges for noncompliance or self‐terminating against medical advice (p < .01 and p < .05).Discussion and ConclusionsStatewide differences in discharge reasons exist between publicly and privately‐funded OTPs, possibly reflecting differences in funding incentives and state oversight. State agencies should develop consistent approaches for collecting/reporting discharge reasons.Scientific SignificanceOur study is the first to examine the relationship between OTP funding type and discharge reasons.
Isolation and characterization of uterine leukocytes collected using a uterine swab technique
Authors: Parasar Parveen , Bernard Matthew , Ahn Soo Hyun , Kshirsagar Sarika K. , Nguyen Sean L. , Grzesiak Geoffrey R. , Vettathu Mathew , Martin Denny , Petroff Margaret G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProblemLeukocytes from the maternal‐fetal interface are a valuable tool to study local changes in immune function during pregnancy; however, sampling can be challenging due to inadequate tissue availability and the invasive nature of placental bed biopsy. Here, we aim to purify and characterize leukocytes from paired peripheral and uterine blood samples to assess whether a less invasive method of uterine blood collection could yield a population of enriched uterine leukocytes suitable for ex vivo and in vitro analyses.Method of StudyHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and uterine blood mononuclear cells (UBMC) expressed from surgical gauze post C‐section were isolated, and immunophenotypic information was acquired by multi‐parameter flow cytometry. PBMC and UBMC were stained for markers used to define T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, regulatory T (TReg) cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Prime flow was performed to check expression and analysis of CD16–CD56++ and CD16–CD56++ NK transcripts in PBMC and UBMC samples.ResultsImmunophenotyping revealed that over 95% of both live PBMC and UBMC consisted of CD45+ leukocytes. Higher percentages of CD16–CD56++, characterized as uterine NK (uNK) cells, were observed in UBMC samples as compared to PBMC samples (18.41% of CD45+CD3– vs. 2.73%, respectively), suggesting that CD16–CD56++ cells were enriched in these samples. In UBMC, 49.64% of CD3‐negative cells were of peripheral NK phenotype (CD16+CD56++), suggesting infiltration of maternal peripheral NK (pNK) cell in the uterine interface.ConclusionIntrauterine leukocytes, especially CD16–CD56++ NK cells, can be collected in sufficient numbers with increased purity by sampling the uterine cavity postdelivery with surgical gauze. Our results suggest that this non‐invasive protocol is a useful sampling technique for isolating CD16–CD56++ cells, however, due to peripheral blood contamination, the NK cell yield could be lower compared to actual decidual or endometrial samples post‐partum which is more invasive.
Time in Office and the Changing Gender Gap in Dishonesty: Evidence from Local Politics in India
Authors: Chaudhuri Ananish , Iversen Vegard , Jensenius Francesca R. , Maitra Pushkar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreasing the share of women in politics is often promoted as a means to reduce corruption. Recent studies indicate the importance of considering the gender gap in corruption as a dynamic, rather than static, phenomenon. Our study combines data from surveys and incentivized behavioral games among 400 inexperienced and experienced local politicians in West Bengal, India. We find no gender gap in attitudes toward corruption. However, in incentivized games, inexperienced female politicians are more honest than their male counterparts. No such gender gap exists among experienced politicians. Drawing on a theoretical discussion of four possible mechanisms, we find that the apparent increase in dishonest behavior among female politicians is associated with lower risk aversion and stronger political networks. Our findings indicate that women, like men, are socialized into their local political culture and that benefits from changing who is elected may be short‐lived unless that culture is also changed.
Editorial: slow progress to optimising H. pylori eradication treatment with antisecretory drugs
Authors: Gisbert Javier P. , Hunt Richard H. 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17070 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17167
Editorial: tripartite motif 26 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication and its genetic polymorphism predicts response to interferon treatment—towards a better understanding of interferon responsiveness in chronic hepatitis B. Authors' reply
Authors: Luo Mengqi , Jiang De‐Ke 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Luo et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17124 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17159
The effects of labelling and health identity on subjective health
Authors: Jeon Hee Jin , Ratner Kaylin , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesLabels are used to describe people every day, and these labels can affect people's subjective health. However, little is known about how existing health identity (i.e., stable identification with being a healthy person) shapes these effects. This study examined the effect of health‐related labelling on subjective health, and the potential role of existing health identity in moderating this association.MethodsParticipants (N = 309) first answered questions related to their health identity, namely, the extent to which they identified with being a healthy person. Next, they were presented with a series of scenarios reflecting healthy (n = 154) or unhealthy (n = 155) labels. Participants' subjective health ratings were then measured using a self‐report scale ranging from (0) “Worst health among age” to (100) “Best health among age.”ResultsBeyond chronological age effects, exposure to healthy labels was associated with higher ratings of subjective health. Participants with a greater health identity showed an amplified positive response to being labelled a healthy person.ConclusionsSocial‐cognitive processes, both in terms of stable identity and situational labelling, inform subjective health. These perceptions may impact actual health downstream. Our results suggest that health identity and health‐related labels may be used in future interventions to bolster objective health outcomes.
Impact of intratumoural CD96 expression on clinical outcome and therapeutic benefit in gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Chang , Fang Hanji , Gu Yun , Yu Kuan , Wang Jieti , Lin Chao , Zhang Heng , Li He , He Hongyong , Liu Hao , Li Ruochen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCD96 was identified as a novel immune checkpoint. However, the role of CD96 in the gastric cancer (GC) microenvironment remains fragmentary. This study aimed to probe the clinical significance of CD96 to predict prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness, and to reveal the immune contexture and genomic features correlated to CD96 in GC patients. We enrolled 496 tumor microarray specimens of GC patients from Zhongshan Hospital (ZSHS) for immunohistochemical analyses. Four hundred and twelve GC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 61 GC patients treated with pembrolizumab from ERP107734 published in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) were gathered for further analysis of the association between CD96+ cell infiltration and immune contexture, molecular characteristics, and genomic features by CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analysis. Clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves, the Cox model, interaction testing, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. High CD96+ cell infiltration predicted poor prognosis and inferior survival benefits from fluorouracil‐based adjuvant chemotherapy in the ZSHS cohort whereas superior therapeutic responsiveness to pembrolizumab was shown in the ENA cohort. CD96‐enriched tumors showed an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment featured by exhausted CD8+ T‐cell infiltration in both the ZSHS and TCGA cohorts. Moreover, in silico analysis for the TCGA cohort revealed that several biomarker‐targeted pathways displayed significantly elevated enrichment levels in the CD96 high subgroup. This study elucidated that CD96 might drive an immunosuppressive contexture with CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion and represent an independent adverse prognosticator in GC. CD96 could potentially be a novel biomarker for precision medicine of adjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies in GC.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tetrahydroisoquinoline stilbene derivatives as potential antitumor candidates
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Jie , Yuan Ming , Miao Yuchen , Zhang Hui , Zhang Junjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein, a novel class of tetrahydroisoquinoline stilbene derivatives were synthesized, and their potential in vitro anticancer activities were evaluated. Most of the compounds displayed inhibitory activity against one or more representative human cancer cell lines (lung cancer A549 cells, breast cancer MCF‐7 cells, and human colorectal carcinoma HT‐29 cells), especially compound 16e, which exhibited outstanding cytotoxicity to A549 cells. The tubulin polymerization assay demonstrated that compound 16e displayed better inhibition than colchicine when tested at the same concentration. It was found that 16e arrested A549 cells in G2/M phase by downregulating the expression of cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2) and upregulating the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin B1. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis indicated that 16e caused apoptosis via the mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing ROS accumulation, promoting the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, and further increasing the protein level of cleaved caspase‐3. This work may inspire new ideas for the further improvement of tubulin‐related anticancer drugs and treatments.
A longitudinal study of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity during adolescence
Authors: Leeder J. Steven , Gaedigk Andrea , Wright Krista J. , Staggs Vincent S. , Soden Sarah E. , Lin Yvonne S. , Pearce Robin E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCYP2D6 substrates are among the most highly prescribed medications in teenagers and also commonly associated with serious adverse events. To investigate the relative contributions of genetic variation, growth, and development on CYP2D6 activity during puberty, healthy children and adolescents 7–15 years of age at enrollment participated in a longitudinal phenotyping study involving administration of 0.3 mg/kg dextromethorphan (DM) and 4‐h urine collection every 6 months for 3 years (7 total visits). At each visit, height, weight, and sexual maturity were recorded, and CYP2D6 activity was determined as the urinary molar ratio of DM to its metabolite dextrorphan (DX). A total of 188 participants completed at least one visit, and 102 completed all seven study visits. Following univariate analysis, only CYP2D6 activity score (p < 0.001), urinary pH (p < 0.001), weight (p = 0.018), and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis (p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with log(DM/DX). Results of linear mixed model analysis with random intercept, random slope covariance structure revealed that CYP2D6 activity score had the strongest effect on log(DM/DX), with model‐estimated average log(DM/DX) being 3.8 SDs higher for poor metabolizers than for patients with activity score 3. A moderate effect on log(DM/DX) was observed for sex, and smaller effects were observed for ADHD diagnosis and urinary pH. The log(DM/DX) did not change meaningfully with age or pubertal development. CYP2D6 genotype remains the single, largest determinant of variability in CYP2D6 activity during puberty. Incorporation of genotype‐based dosing guidelines should be considered for CYP2D6 substrates given the prevalent use of these agents in this pediatric age group.
Identification of UBA1 as the causative gene of an X‐linked non‐Kennedy spinal–bulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Khani Marzieh , Nafissi Shahriar , Shamshiri Hosein , Moazzeni Hamidreza , Taheri Hanieh , Sadeghi Mehdi , Salehi Najmeh , Chitsazian Fereshteh , Elahi Elahe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeSpinal–bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) (Kennedy's disease) is a motor neuron disease. Kennedy's disease is nearly exclusively caused by mutations in the androgen receptor encoding gene (AR). The results of studies aimed at identification of the genetic cause of a disease that best approximates SBMA in a pedigree (four patients) without mutations in AR are reported.MethodsClinical investigations included thorough neurological and non‐neurological examinations and testing. Genetic analysis was performed by exome sequencing using standard protocols. UBA1 mutations were modeled on the crystal structure of UBA1.ResultsThe clinical features of the patients are described in detail. A missense mutation in UBA1 (c.T1499C; p.Ile500Thr) was identified as the probable cause of the non‐Kennedy SBMA in the pedigree. Like AR, UBA1 is positioned on chromosome X. UBA1 is a highly conserved gene. It encodes ubiquitin‐like modifier activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) which is the major E1 enzyme of the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Interestingly, UBA1 mutations can also cause infantile‐onset X‐linked spinal muscular atrophy (XL‐SMA). The mutation identified here and the XL‐SMA causative mutations were shown to affect amino acids positioned in the vicinity of UBA1's ATP binding site and to cause structural changes.ConclusionUBA1 was identified as a novel SBMA causative gene. The gene affects protein homeostasis which is one of most important components of the pathology of neurodegeneration. The contribution of this same gene to the etiology of XL‐SMA is discussed.
Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between motor and psychiatric symptoms in idiopathic dystonia
Authors: Bailey Grace A. , Rawlings Anna , Torabi Fatemeh , Pickrell William Owen , Peall Kathryn J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough psychiatric diagnoses are recognized in idiopathic dystonia, no previous studies have examined the temporal relationship between idiopathic dystonia and psychiatric diagnoses at scale. Here, we determine rates of psychiatric diagnoses and psychiatric medication prescription in those diagnosed with idiopathic dystsuponia compared to matched controls.MethodsA longitudinal population‐based cohort study using anonymized electronic health care data in Wales (UK) was conducted to identify individuals with idiopathic dystonia and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses/prescriptions between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2017. Psychiatric diagnoses/prescriptions were identified from primary and secondary health care records.ResultsIndividuals with idiopathic dystonia (n = 52,589) had higher rates of psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric medication prescription when compared to controls (n = 216,754, 43% vs. 31%, p < 0.001; 45% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001, respectively), with depression and anxiety being most common (cases: 31% and 28%). Psychiatric diagnoses predominantly predated dystonia diagnosis, particularly in the 12 months prior to diagnosis (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9–2.1), with an IRR of 12.4 (95% CI = 11.8–13.1) for anxiety disorders. There was, however, an elevated rate of most psychiatric diagnoses throughout the study period, including the 12 months after dystonia diagnosis (IRR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.85–2.07).ConclusionsThis study suggests a bidirectional relationship between psychiatric disorders and dystonia, particularly with mood disorders. Psychiatric and motor symptoms in dystonia may have common aetiological mechanisms, with psychiatric disorders potentially forming prodromal symptoms of idiopathic dystonia.