bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ramzi Zhian Salah , Fatah Proosha Warzer , Dalvandi Asghar 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundA large number of anxious and concerned people refer to health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the workload of healthcare workers (HCWs) and violence against these professionals. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) against HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted via searching in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, and observational articles reporting the prevalence of WPV against HCWs were selected. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test. A random-effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of WPV. Data analysis was performed in the Stata software version 16.ResultsIn the initial search, 680 articles were identified and screened based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) steps. In total, 17 studies with a sample size of 17,207 HCWs were analyzed. The total prevalence of violence was estimated at 47% (95% CI: 34–61%). In addition, the prevalence of physical and psychological violence was 17% (95% CI: 6–28%) and 44% (95% CI: 31–57%), respectively. The prevalence of WPV was higher among physicians (68%; 95% CI: 31–95%) compared to other HCWs. The WPV in the America and Asia was 58 and 44%, respectively.ConclusionAccording to the results, WPV against nurses is prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, and intervention measures are required to protect the nursing staff against such violence.
Cyberbullying and Cyberhate as Two Interlinked Instances of Cyber-Aggression in Adolescence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fulantelli Giovanni , Taibi Davide , Scifo Lidia , Schwarze Veronica , Eimler Sabrina C. 
Published: June 2022

In this paper we present the results of a systematic review aimed at investigating what the literature reports on cyberbullying and cyberhate, whether and to what extent the connection between the two phenomena is made explicit, and whether it is possible to identify overlapping factors in the description of the phenomena. Specifically, for each of the 24 selected papers, we have identified the predictors of cyberbullying behaviors and the consequences of cyberbullying acts on the victims; the same analysis has been carried out with reference to cyberhate. Then, by comparing what emerged from the literature on cyberbullying with what emerged from the literature on cyberhate, we verify to what extent the two phenomena overlap in terms of predictors and consequences. Results show that the cyberhate issue related to adolescents is less investigated than cyberbullying, and most of the papers focusing on one of them do not refer to the other. Nevertheless, by comparing the predictors and outcomes of cyberbullying and cyberhate as reported in the literature, an overlap between the two concepts emerges, with reference to: the parent-child relationship to reduce the risk of cyber-aggression; the link between sexuality and cyber-attacks; the protective role of the families and of good quality friendship relationships; the impact of cyberbullying and cyberhate on adolescents' individuals' well-being and emotions; meaningful analogies between the coping strategies put in practice by victims of cyberbullying and cyberhate. We argue that the results of this review can stimulate a holistic approach for future studies on cyberbullying and cyberhate where the two phenomena are analyzed as two interlinked instances of cyber-aggression. Similarly, prevention and intervention programs on a responsible and safe use of social media should refer to both cyberbullying and cyberhate issues, as they share many predictors as well as consequences on adolescents' wellbeing, thus making it diminishing to afford them separately.Systematic Review Registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021239461.
Effect of Early Psychological Counseling for the Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Induced by Acute Coronary Syndrome at Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Princip Mary , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Barth Jürgen , Schnyder Ulrich , Znoj Hansjörg , Schmid Jean-Paul , Langraf-Meister Rebecca E. , von Känel Roland , Ledermann Katharina 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivePsychological consequences of myocardial infarction (MI) are substantial, as 4% of all MI patients develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 12% clinically relevant posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The study investigated the course and development within 12 months of MI-induced PTSS to gain novel insights in potentially delayed response to early trauma-focused counseling aimed at preventing the incidence of MI-induced PTSS.MethodsIn the MI-SPRINT two-group randomized controlled trial, 190 MI-patients were randomly allocated to receive a single-session intervention of either trauma-focused counseling or an active control intervention targeting the general role of stress in patients with heart disease. Blind interviewer-rated PTSS (primary outcome) and additional health outcomes were assessed at 12-month follow-up.Results12-month follow-up of outcomes were available for 106 (55.8%) of 190 participants: In the entire sample, one patient (0·5%, 1/190) who received trauma-focused counseling developed full PTSD. There was no significant difference between trauma-focused counseling and stress counseling regarding total score of interviewer-rated PTSS (p&gt; 0.05). The only group difference emerged in terms of more severe hyperarousal symptoms in the trauma-focused counseling group in the ITT analysis, but not in the completer analysis.ConclusionsNo benefits were found for trauma-focused counseling after 12 months when compared with an active control intervention. PTSD prevalence in the present study was low highlighting a potential beneficial effect of both interventions. Further studies are needed to determine the most accurate approach of counseling.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Two Treatment Strategies, Evaluating the Meaningfulness of HAM-D Rating Scale in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Asghar Junaid , Tabasam Madiha , Althobaiti Maha M. , Adnan Ashour Amal , Aleid Mohammed A. , Ibrahim Khalaf Osamah , Aldhyani Theyazn H. H. 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionDue to the complexity of symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD), the majority of depression scales fall short of accurately assessing a patient's progress. When selecting the most appropriate antidepressant treatment in MDD, a multidimensional scale such as the Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAM-D) may provide clinicians with more information especially when coupled with unidimensional analysis of some key factors such as depressed mood, altered sleep, psychic and somatic anxiety and suicidal ideation etc.MethodsHAM-D measurements were carried out in patients with MDD when treated with two different therapeutic interventions. The prespecified primary efficacy variables for the study were changes in score from baseline to the end of the 12 weeks on HAM-D scale (i.e., ≤ 8 or ≥50% response). The study involved three assessment points (baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks).ResultsEvaluation of both the absolute HAM-D scores and four factors derived from the HAM-D (depressed mood, sleep, psychic and somatic anxiety and suicidal ideation) revealed that the latter showed a greater promise in gauging the anti-depressant responses.ConclusionThe study confirms the assumption that while both drugs may improve several items on the HAM-D scale, the overall protocol may fall short of addressing the symptoms diversity in MDD and thus the analysis of factor (s) in question might be more relevant and meaningful.
Correlation Between Schizophrenia and Coronavirus Disease in North Sumatera, Indonesia: A Correlative Analytical Study
Authors: Amin Mustafa M. , Futrawan Richie , Husada Muhammad Surya 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIn the first quarter of 2020, two cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were reported in Indonesia, approximately 4 months after the first case was reported in China. The numbers continued to increase following the introduction of many variants of the virus. The pandemic may have an impact on the community's mental health, particularly on those with mental illnesses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between schizophrenia and COVID-19 based on demographic characteristics.MethodsThis nominal-nominal and numerical-nominal correlative analytical study used a cross-sectional approach and was conducted at a psychiatric hospital in North Sumatra. The sample population consisted of 48 patients and 48 healthy controls, who were selected using a non-probability consecutive sampling method.ResultsThe analysis showed that there were correlations between schizophrenia and COVID-19 (r= 0.417,p&lt; 0.001) and between the age of patients with schizophrenia and COVID-19 with (r= 0.544).ConclusionsCOVID-19 is correlated with schizophrenia and the age of patients with schizophrenia. We recommend that patients with schizophrenia follow the same health guidelines as the clinical high-risk group for COVID-19 and receive the same treatment. Physicians that treat patients with COVID-19 should pay close attention to those with schizophrenia because they may underestimate their condition.
Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chang Chun-Hung , Liou Meng-Fen , Liu Chieh-Yu , Lu Wei-Hsin , Chen Shaw-Ji 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated therapeutic potential for treating patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). However, the most effective target and stimulation frequency of rTMS for treating MUD remains unclear. This meta-analysis explored the effect of rTMS on MUD.MethodsIn this study, PubMed, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials were searched electronically for double-blind randomized controlled trials that used rTMS for treating MUD. We used published trials to investigate the efficacy of rTMS in MUD up to March 5, 2022, and pooled studies using a random-effect model to compare rTMS treatment effects. Patients who were diagnosed with MUD according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were recruited. Clinical craving scores between baseline and after rTMS were compared using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The heterogeneity of the included trials was evaluated through a visual inspection of funnel plots and the I2 statistic.ResultsWe identified seven trials with 462 participants with MUD that met the inclusion criteria. All the studies evaluated craving scores, with rTMS demonstrating a more significant effect than the sham treatment on reducing craving scores (SMD = 0.983, CI = 0.620–1.345, p ≤ 0.001). A subgroup meta-analysis revealed that intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) had a greater positive effect than 10-Hz rTMS. A metaregression revealed that the SMDs increased with the increase in baseline craving scores, whereas they decreased with the increase in the proportion of men and duration of abstinence.ConclusionThe meta-analysis suggests that rTMS may be associated with treatment effect on craving symptoms in patients with MUD. iTBS may have a greater positive effect on craving reduction than 10-z rTMS.
Sex Disparity in Myopia Explained by Puberty Among Chinese Adolescents From 1995 to 2014: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Rongbin , Zhong Panliang , Jan Catherine , Song Yi , Xiong Xiuqin , Luo Dongmei , Dong Yanhui , Ma Jun , Stafford Randall S. 
Published: June 2022

ImportanceGirls in East Asia have a higher myopia prevalence than boys. Less research has been done on whether girls' earlier puberty could explain this sex difference.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between myopia and puberty and the role of puberty in explaining the sex disparity in adolescent myopia prevalence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this nationwide cross-sectional study, data came from five consecutive national surveys from 1995 to 2014 in China. We included 338,896 boys aged 11–18 and 439,481 girls aged 9–18.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMyopia was defined according to unaided distance visual acuity and subjective refraction; puberty status was defined dichotomously as menarche or spermarche status. The association between myopia and puberty was evaluated by robust Poisson GEE regression. Mediation analyses were used to quantify how much of the sex disparity in myopia could be explained by puberty.ResultsPost-menarche girls and post-spermarche boys showed 29–41% and 8–19% higher risk of myopia than pre-menarche girls and pre-spermarche boys, respectively. The association remained significant in girls [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.07, 95%CI:1.04–1.10] but disappeared in boys (p&gt; 0.05) after adjusting for potential confounders. Girls had a 12–23% higher risk of myopia than boys. A total of 16.7% of the sex disparity in myopia could be explained by girls' earlier puberty, whereas 11.1% could be explained by behavioral factors.Conclusion and RelevancePuberty status is independently associated with myopia in girls but not in boys. A significant proportion of the sex disparity in adolescent myopia could be explained by girls' earlier puberty, suggesting the need to consider sex-differentiated strategies for myopia prevention and treatment.
Exploring Extension Agent Capacity and Readiness to Adopt Policy, Systems and Environmental Change Approaches
Authors: Washburn Lisa , Norman-Burgdolf Heather , Jones Natalie , Kennedy Lauren E. , Jarvandi Soghra 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionEnhanced Extension outreach strategies combine traditional direct education programs with public health approaches like policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change. However, the Cooperative Extension system and county-based Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) Extension agents have historically prioritized direct education programming and diffusion of enhanced outreach strategies has varied. Extension personnel may lack capacity and readiness for successful PSE change implementation. This study explored perceived acceptability, capacity, and readiness for PSE change work among FCS Extension agents in two states.MethodA survey was developed framed by selected domains from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: Intervention Characteristics, Inner Setting, Characteristics of Individuals, and Process. All questions utilized a 5-point Likert scale, except for an item examining respondents' stage of change regarding PSE change strategies. Descriptive statistics and response frequencies for all variables were calculated.ResultsSurvey responses (n= 116) indicated PSE change work was perceived as valuable. Potential barriers included perceived complexity, organizational readiness issues (e.g., reporting and evaluation structures; performance incentives), and worries about stakeholder responses in shifting away from direct education. Responses indicated self-efficacy for skills important in implementing PSE change. Most respondents (53%) indicated being at the pre-contemplation or contemplation stage of change in pursuing PSE change work.DiscussionCombining PSE change strategies and direct education programming allows Extension to do what it does best – provide effective programs to improve and sustain health and wellbeing of individuals and families. Findings are informative for others aiming to build capacity within community educators, Extension and public health professionals to implement PSE change.
Beijing Pinggu Childhood Eye Study: The Baseline Refractive Characteristics in 6- to 12-Year-Old Chinese Primary School Students
Authors: Li Yan , Xing Yi , Jia Chunlin , Ma Jiahui , Li Xuewei , Zhou Jingwei , Zhao Chenxu , Zhang Haijun , Wang Lu , Wang Weihong , Qu Jia , Zhao Mingwei , Wang Kai , Guo Xin 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo report the design and baseline data of a 3-year cohort study in Beijing Pinggu District primary school students in China after COVID-19.MethodsNoncycloplegic and cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were measured, ocular biometry, including the axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and corneal power (CP), were collected before cycloplegia. Corneal radius (CR), AL-to-CR ratio, and lens power (LP) were calculated.ResultsAmong the 4,806 (89.1%) eligible students (51.5% male), the prevalence of emmetropia, myopia, mild hyperopia, and mild-to-high hyperopia was 12.8, 30.8, 53.0, and 3.3% after cycloplegia, respectively. Myopia increased from 2.5% in 6- to 71.6% in 12-year-old students, with 9- and 10-year-olds showing the most prominent increases. The median of cycloplegic SER was 0.50 (IQR = 1.63), and the noncycloplegic SER was −0.38 D (IQR = 1.50), which is more negative than the cycloplegic refraction. The mean AL increased with age, from 22.46 ± 0.70 mm to 24.26 ± 1.07 mm. The ACD increased from 3.38 ± 0.28 mm to 3.70 ± 0.30 mm, and the AL-to-CR ratio increased from 2.91 ± 0.08 to 3.12 ± 0.13 between 6- and 12-year-old students. AL, CR and LP explained the SER variance with R2 of 86.4% after adjusting the age and gender.Conclusions and RelevanceThe myopia prevalence since emergence of COVID-19 rapidly increased from 6- to 12-year primary school Chinese children, especially after 7 years of age. The non-cycloplegia SER overestimated the prevalence of myopia, and the cycloplegic SER is a more accurate and reliable method to assess the prevalence of refractive status.
Perspective and Experience of Male Nursing Students in 3-year Vocational College During Their Clinical Practicum: A Qualitative Study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Liu Yue , Yao Chun , Zhao Sijia , Han Peng , Jiang Jinxia , Duan Xia 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundWith the expansion of nursing enrollment, more and more male students are joining the nursing program. Nevertheless, the number of male nurses who actually stay in clinical work in China continues to be low. Clinical practicum is a critical period during which nursing students transform to the role of registered nurses. However, few studies have researched the perspective and experience during clinical practicum among male nursing students in 3-year vocational colleges in China.ObjectivesTo explore the perspective and experience of Chinese male nursing students during clinical practicum in the third year. One of the main objectives is to provide implications for future nursing education and to help male nursing students for better adaptation to clinical roles.MethodsThe qualitative study used a purposive sampling method and collected data through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The participants were 20 male students from a 3-year vocational college in Shanghai. They completed the basic nursing course in college and underwent a clinical practicum in the 3rd level hospitals in China between July 2020 and March 2021. A Seven-stage Colaizzi process was used for data analysis.ResultsThree themes were revealed through content analysis: opportunities and challenges brought by gender factors in hospital humanistic environment, gaining experience and growth during clinical practicum, and future career planning.ConclusionsThe presented findings further our understanding of the perspective and experience of male nursing students during clinical practicum. It is very important and necessary for providing implications for future nursing education. At the same time, effective support from society, such as social unions, mass media, government, can help better address male nursing students' needs and complete the role transform of registered nurses.
Meta-Analysis: Shouldn’t Prophylactic Corticosteroids be Administered During Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass?
Authors: Chai Tianci , Zhuang Xinghui , Tian Mengyue , Yang Xiaojie , Qiu Zhihuang , Xu Shurong , Cai Meiling , Lin Yanjuan , Chen Liangwan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCorticosteroids can effectively inhibit systemic inflammation induced by cardiopulmonary bypass. Recently clinical trials and meta-analyses and current guidelines for cardiac surgery do not support corticosteroids prophylaxis during cardiac surgery because of an increase in myocardial infarction and no benefit for patients. The aim of this study is to determine whether specific corticosteroids dose ranges might provide clinical benefits without increasing myocardial infarction.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Clinical Trials, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before August 1, 2021.Results88 RCTs with 18,416 patients (17,067 adults and 1,349 children) were identified. Relative to placebo and high-dose corticosteroids, low-dose corticosteroids (≤20 mg/kg hydrocortisone) during adult cardiac surgery did not increase the risks of myocardial infarction (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–2.17;p = 0.93). However, low-dose corticosteroids were associated with lower risks of atrial fibrillation (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.44–0.76;p &lt; 0.0001) and kidney injury (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.96;p = 0.04). Furthermore, low-dose corticosteroids significantly shortened the mechanical ventilation times (mean difference [MD]: −2.74 h, 95% CI: −4.14, −1.33;p = 0.0001), intensive care unit (ICU) stay (MD: −1.48 days, 95% CI: −2.73, −0.22;p = 0.02), and hospital stay (MD: −2.29 days, 95% CI: −4.51, −0.07;p = 0.04).ConclusionLow-dose corticosteroids prophylaxis during cardiac surgery provided significant benefits for adult patients, without increasing the risks of myocardial infarction and other complications.
A Prediction Model for Neurological Deterioration in Patients with Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Gao Daiquan , Zhang Xiaojuan , Zhang Yunzhou , Zhang Rujiang , Qiao Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2022

AimThe aim of this study was to explore factors related to neurological deterioration (ND) after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and establish a prediction model based on random forest analysis in evaluating the risk of ND.MethodsThe clinical data of 411 patients with acute sICH at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University and Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University between January 2018 and December 2020 were collected. After adjusting for variables, multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the factors related to the ND in patients with acute ICH. Then, based on the related factors in the multivariate logistic regression and four variables that have been identified as contributing to ND in the literature, we established a random forest model. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the prediction performance of this model.ResultsThe result of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that time of onset to the emergency department (ED), baseline hematoma volume, serum sodium, and serum calcium were independently associated with the risk of ND. Simultaneously, the random forest model was developed and included eight predictors: serum calcium, time of onset to ED, serum sodium, baseline hematoma volume, systolic blood pressure change in 24 h, age, intraventricular hemorrhage expansion, and gender. The area under the curve value of the prediction model reached 0.795 in the training set and 0.713 in the testing set, which suggested the good predicting performance of the model.ConclusionSome factors related to the risk of ND were explored. Additionally, a prediction model for ND of acute sICH patients was developed based on random forest analysis, and the developed model may have a good predictive value through the internal validation.