bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the fibre diameter polydispersity on the permeability of nonwoven filter media
Authors: Thomas Dominique , Bardin‐Monnier Nathalie , Charvet Augustin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the permeability values of air filter media obtained by 3‐D simulations using the GeoDict® code. 3‐D fibrous structures with different specific characteristics that can be encountered in air filtration (0.03 ≤ solid volume fraction [α] ≤ 0.25, monodisperse fibres [1 μm ≤ df ≤8 μm], or polydisperse fibres) were generated. For monodisperse fibres, the permeability values obtained were compared with various correlations identified in the literature. After confirming that Davies' or Jackson and James' relations allowed a good estimate of the permeability, it is shown that the modified Happel's correlation provides a better prediction. In the case of normal (standard deviation: σ ≤ 1.5) or lognormal fibre size distribution (geometric standard deviation: σG ≤ 2), this modified Happel's correlation, in which the fibre diameter is replaced by an equivalent fibre diameter, leads to a relative deviation of less than ±8% and ±4% for lognormal and normal fibre distributions, respectively. The comparison with experimental permeability values obtained on real media provides quite encouraging results.
Time‐dependent viscosity of structured clay suspensions
Authors: Zhou Joe Z. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTime‐dependent viscosity of structured clay suspensions under a fixed shear was revealed in the prepared slurry samples of clay lenses from the Athabasca oil sands deposit, differing from thixotropic or rheopectic suspensions. At a lower salt (Na or Ca) concentration, the viscosity oscillated with time, which was slowly damped with increasing salt concentrations. The viscosity increased without reaching a maximum plateau, even after a run of a few hours. At 1000 ppm Na concentration, a maximum viscosity was reached, followed by viscosity fluctuation within a narrow range to approach an equilibrium value with time. Both sample ageing and shear history affected the slurry viscosity. It was speculated that the Brownian motion of colloidal clay particles and the applied shear induced rearrangement and continued formation of clay microstructures with time, due to the rotation of anisotropic colloidal clay particles under simple shear flow. Its implications to oil sands research and operation were briefly discussed.
Octanuclear Palladacycles with B(3)–H Bond Activation of o‐Carborane†
Authors: Yuan Run‐Ze , Cui Peng‐Fei , Lin Yue‐Jian , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive SummaryHerein, we describe the synthesis of a carborane‐supported octanuclear palladacycle complex, Pd8(o‐C2B10H10CS2CH3)4Cl4(CH3CN)4 (complex 1), with B(3)–H activations on o‐carborane ligand. The substitution reaction of 1 has been explored, and three of its substituted complexes Pd8(o‐C2B10H10CS2CH3)4Cl4(L)4 (L = tBuNC, 2; L = C5H5N, 3; L = C4H8S, 4) have been synthesized. The m‐ and p‐carborane disubstituted ligands m‐ and p‐C2B10H10(CS2CH3)2 (ligands 5 and 6) as well as their B—H activated carborane complexes [m‐C2B10H9(CS2CH3)2PdCl] (7) and [p‐C2B10H8(CS2CH3)2][PdCl(tBuNC)]2 (8) have also been synthesized by the similar method. All of these complexes have been characterized, including X‐ray single crystal diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis methods.
Bin mapping of water stress tolerance‐related, fruit quality, and horticultural traits in tomato introgression lines derived from wild Solanum habrochaites
Authors: Kubond Bryce A. , St. Clair Dina A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change is reducing water availability for crop production. Cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, has a limited genetic base for improvement. A wild tomato, Solanum habrochaites, is water stress tolerant and may serve as a genetic source of abiotic stress‐tolerance traits. A set of 24 introgression lines (ILs) derived from S. habrochaites and processing tomato inbred cultivar E6203 were evaluated in the field in replicated experiments over 3 years for 15 traits, including water stress tolerance‐related, fruit quality, and horticultural traits. A split plot experimental design was employed with reduced and full irrigation treatments as main plots. Subplots consisted of the ILs and control E6203, and trait data were collected on a per‐subplot basis. Statistical data analyses and bin mapping were performed on a per‐trait basis. Trait‐genomic region associations (TGRAs) were detected in ILs when a significant difference between E6203 and an IL was present. A total of 268 TGRAs were detected for all 15 traits. Traits mapped to introgressions in 22 of the 24 ILs and in 11 of 12 tomato chromosomes. ILs contributed both positive and negative allelic effects at TGRAs. TGRA with positive allelic effects from S. habrochaites were identified for soluble solids content, fruit weight, degree of fruit sunburn, canopy cover, and maturity. Our results suggest that S. habrochaites may be a useful resource for breeding improvement of certain fruit quality and horticultural traits in cultivated tomato. Overall, S. habrochaites alleles did not contribute to increased water stress tolerance relative to E6203 at the milder level of water stress used in this study.
Optimal reactive power control for dual‐active‐bridge converter using improved dual‐phase‐shift modulation strategy for electric vehicle application
Authors: Chilakalapudi Ganesh , Kumar Amritesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDual active bridge (DAB) based DC‐DC converters are in high demand for offering quick charging capacity to Electric vehicles (EVs). The conventional technique for DAB is based on single‐phase‐shift (SPS), though it provides simple control but suffers from high peaking in the inductor current under varying charging rates for EV and dc‐link voltage ratio. In this paper, initially the expression for optimal reactive power flow into DAB converter under SPS and dual phase‐shift (DPS) control techniques are thoroughly examined. Based on the analytical analysis, an improved dual‐phase‐shift modulation (IDPSM) method for real and reactive power control through a DAB converter is proposed for varying charging rates of an EV and dc‐link voltage ratio. The proposed IDPSM control technique is implemented using the inverse perturb and observe (IPO) method that provides optimum inner phase‐shift between the legs of the H‐bridge to track minimum reactive power or back power flow into the system. This method automatically adjusts the inner and outer phase shift ratios under different loading conditions. Further, the proposed IDPSM scheme enhances the range of ZVS operation even under light load conditions, which is lacking with the conventional control techniques. The Lyapunov theory used to determine the stability of the DAB DC/DC converter. To validate the proposed control scheme, a detailed simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink with a 2 kW system under varying charging rates of an EV. Further, to support the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, a comparison with different phase shift modulation schemes is also presented. Finally, an experimental prototype for DAB is developed to confirm the feasibility of the control technique.
Study of the energy deposition of helicon plasmas driven by machine learning algorithms
Authors: Cheng Yuguo , Xia Guangqing , Yang Xiong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo find a fast and reliable way predicting the energy deposition of helicon plasmas, this work focuses on machine learning algorithms. Data generation model and the distribution property of the source data are studied, then the classical algorithms and deep neural network (DNN) are built, and these algorithms are studied to test the performance on the energy deposition datasets. Both decision tree classifier (DTC) and support vector machine (SVM) find the electron temperature is the noise feature, and when it is included in the feature vector, the performance will degrade. Therefore feature selection needs be done to obtain high accuracy. For DNN, by directly changing the numbers of the hidden layers and units, test accuracy exceeds 0.95 when hidden layer is greater than three. The feature selection is automatically performed and the learning process is simpler in DNN. When the splitting ratio is varied, the generalization performance of DTC and SVM fluctuates, whereas DNN exhibits no evident change. Compared with the classical algorithms, DNN shows better stability when the source data are changed. The calculations suggest machine learning technique is a promising choice to predict the energy deposition of helicon plasmas.
Community‐engaged learning to broaden the impact of applied ecology: A case study
Authors: Vance‐Chalcraft Heather D. , Jelks Na'Taki Osborne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcological changes are creating disruptions that often disproportionately impact communities of color and economically disadvantaged areas. Scientists who study the consequences experienced by these communities are uniquely suited to bring the public into their work as a way of setting conditions that enable impacted residents to empower themselves to advance environmental and community change. In addition to involving community stakeholders in the process of science, community science can be used to motivate learning and increase engagement of students. Here we highlight a case study of one way a historically Black college involved local communities and students in water quality monitoring efforts to examine the role of the environment in human health. Students in an introductory‐level environmental toxicology course collaborated with community members to track pollution and monitor conditions in an urban, impaired stream. Students participated in bi‐monthly water quality monitoring alongside community watershed researchers and an annual day‐long multisite sampling event with community residents and organizations. Through this engagement, students and community members contributed to the collection of data, learned about the significance of their results, and translated findings into strategies to advance watershed restoration, health, quality of life, and environmental justice goals.
Differential equity in access to public and private coastal infrastructure in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Beauvais Jeffrey , Nibbelink Nathan P. , Byers James E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the ubiquity of coastal infrastructure, it is unclear what factors drive its placement, particularly for water access infrastructure (WAI) that facilitates entry to coastal ecosystems such as docks, piers, and boat landings. The placement of WAI has both ecological and social dimensions, and certain segments of coastal populations may have differential access to water. In this study, we used an environmental justice framework to assess how public and private WAI in South Carolina, USA are distributed with respect to race and income. Using publicly available data from State agencies and the US Census Bureau, we mapped the distribution of these structures across the 301 km of the South Carolina coast. Using spatially explicit analyses with high resolution, we found that census block groups (CBGs) with lower income are more likely to contain public WAI, but racial composition has no effect. Private docks showed the opposite trends, as the abundance of docks is significantly, positively correlated with CBGs that have greater percentages of White residents, while income has no effect. We contend that the racially unequal distribution of docks is likely a consequence of the legacy of Black land loss, especially of waterfront property, throughout the coastal southeast during the past half‐century. Knowledge of racially uneven distribution of WAI can guide public policy to rectify this imbalance and support advocacy organizations working to promote public water access. Our work also points to the importance of considering race in ecological research, as the spatial distribution of coastal infrastructure directly affects ecosystems through the structures themselves and regulates which groups access water and what activities they can engage in at those sites.
Making outdoor field experiences more inclusive for the LGBTQ+ community
Authors: Lundin Mo , Bombaci Sara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOutdoor field experiences have not historically been welcoming to marginalized communities. Recent calls to address the lack of diversity in outdoor field experiences have accelerated efforts to make programs more inclusive for multiple marginalized identity groups. Despite these efforts, many cultural and procedural changes are still needed to support the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning (LGBTQ+) community when participating in outdoor field experiences. Here we use results from a survey of leaders from 17 outdoor programs and expertise gained from our own experiences cultivating inclusion in field programs to outline strategies that outdoor field experience providers can use to foster greater support for the LGBTQ+ community. We define key terminology to increase awareness of LGBTQ+ identities and pronouns. We then highlight important actions that field experience leaders can take to make their internships, education programs, and trips more accessible and inclusive for the LGBTQ+ community. We use results from our survey of outdoor programs to highlight practices currently being used to support LGBTQ+ inclusion and accessibility and synthesize how current practice aligns with our overall recommendations. The LGBTQ+ community deserves to be welcomed into outdoor field experiences and to participate fully as students, researchers, educators, recreators, and professionals.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on referral numbers, diagnostic mix, and symptom severity in Eating Disorder Early Intervention Services in England
Authors: Hyam Lucy , Richards Katie L. , Allen Karina L. , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveFirst Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders (FREED) is a service model and care pathway which aims to provide timely, well‐coordinated, developmentally informed and evidence‐based care for young people with eating disorders (EDs). This article investigates the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on FREED patient presentations and service provision in England.MethodData from three services spanning the pre‐ to post‐pandemic period were included (January 2019–September 2021; n = 502 patients). Run charts were created to analyze changes in monthly baseline patient data (e.g., referral numbers, duration of an untreated ED, diagnostic mix, and average body mass index for patients with anorexia nervosa [AN]).ResultsSignificant increases in referral numbers were found from September 2020 onward, coinciding with the end of the first UK national lockdown. The percentage of AN presentations significantly increased after the onset of the first national lockdown (April 2020–December 2020). No other significant change patterns were identified.DiscussionThere have been substantial increases in referral numbers and presentations of AN to FREED services whereas illness severity seems largely unchanged. Together, this suggests that increased referrals cannot be attributed to milder presentations being seen. Implications for the implementation, funding, and sustainability of the model are discussed.Public SignificanceOur research suggests that early intervention eating disorder services across England faced significant increases in patient referrals and presentations of anorexia nervosa over the COVID‐19 pandemic. This increase in referrals is not due to a rise in milder eating disorder cases, as baseline symptom severity remained stable across the pandemic. Investment in early intervention for eating disorders must therefore match increased referral trends.
Long‐term annual and spatial variation of polygyny in the white‐throated dipper (Cinclus cinclus)
Authors: Walseng Bjørn , Durant Joël M. , Hessen Dag O. , Jerstad Kurt , Nilsson Anna L. K. , Røstad Ole W. , Slagsvold Tore 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMating strategies are key components in the fitness of organisms, and notably in birds the occurrence of monogamy versus polygyny has attracted wide interest. We address this by a very comprehensive dataset (2899 breeding events spanning the years 1978–2019) of the white‐throated dipper Cinclus cinclus. Though the mating system of this species has been regarded as generally monogamous, we find that 7% of all breeding events were performed by polygynous males (approximately 15% of all pairs). The fraction of polygyny has been stable over the entire study period irrespective of population size. The assumption that polygyny is most common at low population density was not supported. Surprisingly, there was no difference between polygynous and monogamous males with regard to the quality of the territories they inhabited, ranked according to their overall frequency of use. The most common age group, first‐year breeders, dominated among monogamous males, while among polygynous males second‐year breeders were most common, followed by third and first‐year breeders. The primary females were in general older than females mated to monogamous males, also when controlled for their general frequency in the population. The majority of the two females mated to a polygynous male, bred in the vicinity of each other. The probability for a male to be involved in polygyny more than once, was significantly higher than by chance, suggesting phenotypic quality differences among males.
Postmating isolation and evolutionary relationships among Fejervarya species from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia and other Asian countries revealed by crossing experiments and mtDNA Cytb sequence analyses
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Kurniawan Nia , Soewondo Aris , Nalley Wilmientje Marlene Mesang , Matsui Masafumi , Igawa Takeshi , Sumida Masayuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the degree of postmating isolation and the evolutionary relationships among frog species in the genus Fejervarya from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda), Bangladesh, China, and Japan, crossing experiments and molecular phylogenetic analyses were carried out. Crossing experiments revealed that reciprocal hybrids among F. iskandari, F. verruculosa, and F. sp. large type and between F. multistriata and F. kawamurai are viable through metamorphosis, while those between the F. iskandari group and F. limnocharis group were completely or partially inviable at the tadpole stage and those between Southeast Asian and South Asian Fejervarya groups were completely inviable at the embryonic stage. The mature reciprocal hybrids between F. iskandari and F. verruculosa from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia, showed some degree of abnormality in spermatogenesis. In phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA Cytb sequences, F. iskandari formed a sister clade with F. verruculosa from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia, with 8.1% sequence divergence. F. multistriata from China formed a clade with populations of F. limnocharis in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia (topotype), and these taxa showed sister relationships to F. kawamurai from Japan with 8.9% sequence divergence. Fejervarya sp. small type from Bangladesh formed a clade with the other South Asian members of the Fejervarya group and formed a sister clade with the Southeast Asian Fejervarya group, with 23.1% sequence divergence in the Cytb gene. These results showed that the degree of postmating isolation reflects molecular phylogenetic relationships and that F. iskandari and F. verruculosa from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda) are reproductively isolated by abnormalities in spermatogenesis and show genetic differentiation.
Bayesian multiple changepoint detection with missing data and its application to the magnitude‐frequency distributions
Authors: Lu Shaochuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe detection of abrupt changes in an evolving pattern of time series in the presence of missing data still poses a challenge to real applications. We formulate the multiple changepoint problem into a latent Markov model on a countably infinite state space. For efficiency‐enhancing, we propose a partially collapsed Gibbs sampler for the inference of the joint posterior of the number of changepoints and their locations. Variants of Viterbi algorithms are suggested for obtaining the MAP estimates of random changepoints in the presence of missing data, which provides better performances in these varying‐dimensional problems. The method is generally applicable for multiple changepoint detection under a variety of missing data mechanism. The method is applied to a case study of the magnitude‐frequency distribution of the 2010 Darfield M7.1 earthquake sequence in New Zealand. We find out some unusual features of the seismic b‐value in the Darfield earthquake sequence. It is noted that two changepoints are detected and in contrast to the background seismic b‐value, relatively low b‐values in the early aftershock propagation period are identified. We suggest that this might be a forewarning of potentially devastatingly strong aftershocks. The advance in the method of b‐value changepoint detection will enhance our understanding of earthquake occurrence and potentially lead to improved risk forecasting.
Deletion of MyD88 in astrocytes prevents β‐amyloid‐induced neuropathology in mice
Authors: Jong Huat Tee , Onraet Tessa , Camats‐Perna Judith , Newcombe Estella A. , Ngo Kim C. , Sue Ashley N. , Mirzaei Mehdi , LaFerla Frank M. , Medeiros Rodrigo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs the understanding of immune responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is in its early phases, there remains an urgency to identify the cellular and molecular processes driving chronic inflammation. In AD, a subpopulation of astrocytes acquires a neurotoxic phenotype which prompts them to lose typical physiological features. While the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown, evidence suggests that myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) adaptor protein may play a role in coordinating these cells' immune responses in AD. Herein, we combined studies in human postmortem samples with a conditional genetic knockout mouse model to investigate the link between MyD88 and astrocytes in AD. In silico analyses of bulk and cell‐specific transcriptomic data from human postmortem brains demonstrated an upregulation of MyD88 expression in astrocytes in AD versus non‐AD individuals. Proteomic studies revealed an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein in multiple brain regions of AD subjects. These studies also showed that although overall MyD88 steady‐state levels were unaffected by AD, this protein was enriched in astrocytes near amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Functional studies in mice indicated that the deletion of astrocytic MyD88 protected animals from the acute synaptic toxicity and cognitive impairment caused by the intracerebroventricular administration of β‐amyloid (Aβ). Lastly, unbiased proteomic analysis revealed that loss of astrocytic MyD88 resulted in altered astrocyte reactivity, lower levels of immune‐related proteins, and higher expression of synaptic‐related proteins in response to Aβ. Our studies provide evidence of the pivotal role played by MyD88 in the regulation of astrocytes response to AD.