bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and feasibility of the Arizona attorney general's school‐based cyber‐safety promotion and cyberbullying prevention intervention among middle school adolescents in Oman
Authors: Damra Jalal K. , Omari Omar Al 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the short‐term effects of the social networking safety promotion and cyberbullying prevention presentation of the Arizona attorney general's guided by the extended parallel process model (EPPM). A quasi‐experimental (a pre‐posttest) was used with two groups with random assignment to intervention. A total of 389 adolescents in seventh, eighth, and ninth grades at two public middle schools in Muscat city were involved in the study procedures and randomly divided into two groups (the experimental group (n = 186) and the waiting list group (n = 203). The risk behavior diagnostic scale, behavioral intention and attitudes scale, coping strategies with cyberbullying scale, and self‐protection behavior intentions were used. Five separate presentations (each presentation was 60 min, one presentation per week) were introduced to the adolescents in the experimental group. The results supported the efficacy of the intervention in changing adolescents' attitudes and behavioral intentions against cyberbullying and promoting their security and safety during their use of social networks. Also, the intervention has a significant effect on the four EPPM components (susceptibility, severity, self‐efficacy, and self‐efficacy responses) and the participants learned coping skills to deal with potential cyberbullying incidents).
Relationship between healthy life awareness, emotional eating, obesity awareness, and coping stress in adolescents
Authors: Evgi̇n Derya , Kılıç Kızbes Meral 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between health life awareness, emotional eating, obesity awareness, and coping with stress in adolescents. Data were collected with the “Personal Information Form,” “Healthy Life Awareness Scale,” “Obesity Awareness Scale,” “Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents,” and “Styles of Coping Stress Inventory.” The sample of the study consisted of 382 high school students. The emotional eating scores of the obese adolescents were higher than the thin ones (p < .05); obese adolescents had higher submissive approach scores (p < .05) in coping with stress compared to adolescents who are overweight. There was a positive relationship between obesity awareness and positive coping approaches (p < .05); awareness of healthy living and positive coping approaches (p < .05). An one‐unit increase in healthy living awareness causes an increase of 0.409 on obesity awareness. Considering these results, education and intervention studies are recommended for adolescents on healthy living, coping with stress, and obesity awareness.
Registration of ‘Georgia‐SP/RKN’ peanut
Authors: Brown Nino , Branch William D. , Brenneman Timothy B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract‘Georgia‐SP/RKN’ (Reg. no. CV‐151, PI 700991), is a high‐yielding, large‐seeded spanish market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar with high total sound mature kernel percentage, high oleic to linoleic fatty acid ratio, high level of resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus (Family Tospoviridae, genus Orthotospovirus), and full resistance to root‐knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal)]. Georgia‐SP/RKN was released in 2021 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station and was developed and tested as GA 082549R‐2 at the University of Georgia's Coastal Plains Experiment Station at the Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA. Georgia‐SP/RKN exhibits pod yields similar to ‘Georgia‐04S’ and ‘Georgia‐17SP’, and pod yields are consistently higher than other commercially available spanish cultivars in the southeastern United States. High grade quality and the added benefit of root‐knot nematode resistance could make this high‐oleic spanish market‐type cultivar a good fit for the confectionary market.
Saikosaponin D alleviates cancer cachexia by directly inhibiting STAT3
Authors: Chen Lin‐lin , Xia Liu‐yuan , Zhang Jun‐ping , Wang Yan , Chen Jian‐yu , Guo Cheng , Xu Wei‐heng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome that is characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, and effective therapeutics have yet to be developed. Saikosaponin D (SSD), a major bioactive component of Radix Bupleuri, exhibits antiinflammatory, anti‐tumor, anti‐oxidant, anti‐viral, and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we demonstrated that SSD is a promising agent for the treatment of cancer cachexia. SSD could alleviate TCM‐induced myotube atrophy and inhibit the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle RING‐finger containing protein‐1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy Fbox protein (Atrogin‐1/MAFbx) in vitro. Moreover, SSD suppressed the progression of cancer cachexia, with significant improvements in the loss of body weight, gastrocnemius muscle, and tibialis anterior muscle mass in vivo. Mechanism investigations demonstrated that SSD could directly bind to STAT3 and specifically inhibit its phosphorylation as well as its transcriptional activity. Overexpression of STAT3 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of SSD on myotube atrophy, indicating that the therapeutic effect of SSD was attributed to STAT3 inhibition. These findings provide novel strategies for treatment of cancer cachexia by targeting STAT3, and SSD may be a promising drug candidate for cancer cachexia.
On the interaction between Kelvin waves at different phase speeds and the background flow
Authors: Shaaban Ahmed A. , Roundy Paul E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKelvin waves have been theorized to be absorbed near the critical layer, where the phase speed matches the speed of the background flow. Nevertheless, it is not clear through observations how the structure of the Kelvin waves evolves near the critical layer or in response to vertical wind shear with or without a critical layer. A novel varying‐coefficient regression technique that has been used to study evolving relationships across the seasonal cycle is used to capture how the wavelet‐filtered waves with a specific phase speed appear in different background winds or vertical shear regimes or a combination of both. Results show a relaxation of the in‐phase relationship between the zonal wind and geopotential height anomalies at slower Doppler‐shifted speeds, followed by the appearance of the Gill pattern at further reduction of the Doppler‐shifted speed, demonstrating a lack of dominant Kelvin wave signals in those conditions. We define the “observed critical layer” as the layer where the signals consistent with Kelvin waves fade away irrespective of the value of the Doppler‐shifted speed, which reduces to zero at the “theoretical critical layer.” Results show that wave structures consistent with Kelvin waves are not present at the top of layer with westerly vertical shear of the zonal wind, yet they exist during the easterly vertical shear of the zonal wind. The second part of the paper presents the dispersion equation of the Kelvin wave under vertical wind shear. The phase speed of the Kelvin wave proportionally increases with the Richardson number (and hence proportionally decreases with the vertical wind shear). The Richardson number varies with the vertical resolution of the data used, adding uncertainty to the calculated phase speed of the wave in the presence of vertical wind shear.
Another objection to the homogeneously weighted moving average control chart
Authors: Knoth Sven 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt was recently demonstrated that homogeneously weighted moving average (HWMA) control charts are improper devices for an online detection of changes within a series of random variables. However, another attempt was made to bail out the concept underlying these charts. Here we want to re‐emphasize that HWMA charts are dispensable by rebutting the arguments of the latter contribution.
Dispersion‐enhanced sequential batch sampling for adaptive contour estimation
Authors: Che Yiming , Müller Juliane , Cheng Changqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn computer simulation and optimal design, sequential batch sampling offers an appealing way to iteratively stipulate optimal sampling points based upon existing selections and efficiently construct surrogate modeling. Nonetheless, the issue of near duplicates poses tremendous quandary for sequential learning. It refers to the situation that selected critical points cluster together in each sampling batch, which are individually but not collectively informative towards the optimal design. Near duplicates severely diminish the computational efficiency as they barely contribute extra information towards update of the surrogate. To address this issue, we impose a dispersion criterion on concurrent selection of sampling points, which essentially forces a sparse distribution of critical points in each batch, and demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in adaptive contour estimation. Specifically, we adopt Gaussian process surrogate to emulate the simulator, acquire variance reduction of the critical region from new sampling points as a dispersion criterion, and combine it with the modified expected improvement (EI) function for critical batch selection. The critical region here is the proximity of the contour of interest. This proposed approach is vindicated in numerical examples of a two‐dimensional four‐branch function, a four‐dimensional function with a disjoint contour of interest and a time‐delay dynamic system.
Enhancement of Single‐Photon Purity and Coherence of III‐Nitride Quantum Dot with Polarization‐Controlled Quasi‐Resonant Excitation
Authors: Jun Seongmoon , Choi Minho , Kim Baul , Morassi Martina , Tchernycheva Maria , Song Hyun Gyu , Yeo Hwan‐Seop , Gogneau Noëlle , Cho Yong‐Hoon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIII‐Nitride semiconductor‐based quantum dots (QDs) play an essential role in solid‐state quantum light sources because of their potential for room‐temperature operation. However, undesired background emission from the surroundings deteriorates single‐photon purity. Moreover, spectral diffusion causes inhomogeneous broadening and limits the applications of QDs in quantum photonic technologies. To overcome these obstacles, it is demonstrated that directly pumping carriers to the excited state of the QD reduces the number of carriers generated in the vicinities. The polarization‐controlled quasi‐resonant excitation is applied to InGaN QDs embedded in GaN nanowire. To analyze the different excitation mechanisms, polarization‐resolved absorptions are investigated under the above‐barrier bandgap, below‐barrier bandgap, and quasi‐resonant excitation conditions. By employing polarization‐controlled quasi‐resonant excitation, the linewidth is reduced from 353 to 272 µeV, and the second‐order correlation value is improved from 0.470 to 0.231. Therefore, a greater single‐photon purity can be obtained at higher temperatures due to decreased linewidth and background emission.
Recent Progress in All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Huanhuan , Sun Yanna , Meng Lingxian , Han Chenyang , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActive layer material plays a critical role in promoting the performance of an organic solar cell (OSC). Small‐molecule (SM) materials have the merits of well‐defined chemical structures, few batch‐to‐batch variations, facile synthesis and purification procedures, and easily tuned properties. SM‐donor and non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) innovations have recently produced all‐small‐molecule (ASM) devices with power conversion efficiencies that exceed 17% and approach those of their polymer‐based counterparts, thereby demonstrating their great future commercialization potential. In this review, recent progress in both SM donors and NFAs to illustrate structure–property relationships and various morphology‐regulation strategies are summarized. Finally, ASM‐OSC challenges and outlook are discussed.
Pairing d‐Band Center of Metal Sites with π‐Orbital of Alkynes for Efficient Electrocatalytic Alkyne Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Li Jinjin , Guo Ying , Chang Siyu , Lin Jin , Wang You , Liu Zhenpeng , Wu Yafei , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic alkyne semi‐hydrogenation has attracted ever‐growing attention as a promising alternative to traditional thermocatalytic hydrogenation. However, the correlation between the structure of active sites and electrocatalytic performance still remains elusive. Herein, the energy difference (∆ε) between the d‐band center of metal sites and π orbital of alkynes as a key descriptor for correlating the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity is reported. With two‐dimensional conductive metal organic frameworks as the model electrocatalysts, theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that the decreased ∆ε induces the strengthened d–π orbitals interaction, which thus enhances acetylene π‐adsorption and accelerates subsequent hydrogenation kinetics. As a result, Cu3(HITP)2 featuring the smallest ∆ε (0.10 eV) delivers the highest turnover frequency of 0.36 s−1, which is about 124 times higher than 2.9 × 10−3 s−1 for Co3(HITP)2 with the largest ∆ε of 2.71 eV. Meanwhile, Cu3(HITP)2 presents a high ethylene partial current density of −124 mA cm−2 and a large ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 99.3% at −0.9 V versus RHE. This work will spark the rapid exploration of high‐activity alkyne semi‐hydrogenation catalysts.
Redox Dyshomeostasis with Dual Stimuli‐Activatable Dihydroartemisinin Nanoparticles to Potentiate Ferroptotic Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wang Yingjie , Chen Fangmin , Zhou Huiling , Huang Lujia , Ye Jiayi , Liu Xiaoying , Sheng Weizhong , Gao Weidong , Yu Haijun , Wang Feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly lethal and resistant to conventional therapies, including chemo‐, radio‐, and immunotherapy. In this study, it is first determined that a combination of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and RSL‐3 (a glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor) markedly induced ferroptosis of PDAC tumor cells. A mechanistic study revealed that DHA can react with iron ions to generate carbon radicals and deplete intracellular glutathione, thereby cumulatively triggering the lipid peroxidation of tumor cells with RSL‐3‐mediated GPX4 inhibition. A DHA‐conjugated amphiphilic copolymer is subsequently synthesized, and intracellular acidity and oxidation dual‐responsive DHA nanoparticles are further engineered for the tumor‐specific co‐delivery of DHA and RSL‐3. The resultant nanoparticles (PDBA@RSL‐3) efficiently induce ferroptosis of tumor cells in the Panc02 tumor‐bearing immune‐deficient mouse model, and elicit T‐cell‐based antitumor immunity in the immune‐competent mouse model. The combination of PDBA@RSL‐3 nanoparticles and programmed death ligand 1 blockade therapy efficiently inhibits PDAC tumor growth in the immune‐competent mouse models. This study may provide novel insights for treatment of PDAC with ferroptosis‐based immunotherapy.
Design of slender and squat reinforced concrete members with shear reinforcement
Authors: Pejatović Marko , Ruiz Miguel Fernández , Muttoni Aurelio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs proposed in several design standards for structural concrete, including Eurocode 2 (EN:1992‐1‐1:2004) and fib's Model Code 2010, the shear design of slender members with shear reinforcement can be performed by means of consistent models based on suitable stress fields. This is for instance the case of the variable‐angle truss models, where the acting shear force is equilibrated by an inclined compression field and the shear reinforcement in tension. The application of such design expressions to squat members or when gravity loads are applied on the upper chord near to the supports, has however been observed to lead to overly conservative results. This is due to the fact that a direct strut can develop in the concrete between the load and the support without the need of being suspended through shear reinforcement. In addition, this leads to a more favorable cracking state and thus to enhanced shear resistance. Despite the fact that such phenomena can be also formulated in a consistent manner with the stress field method, empirical corrections of the resistance of slender members have traditionally been adopted to design beams when significant loads act close to supports. In this paper, the benefits of designing such cases on the basis of tailored stress fields are demonstrated. Such an approach provides a smooth transition between slender and squat members and, when compared to tests, leads to a significantly lower Coefficient of Variation than empirical corrections. On that basis, simple design expressions are formulated in an effort to serve as a revision for the next generation of design codes (Model Code 2020 and 2nd generation of Eurocode 2).
Road Safety Analysis
Authors: Rizzi Matteo , Strandroth Johan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRoad safety analysis can be used to understand what has been successful in the past and what needs to be changed in order to be successful to reduce severe road trauma going forward and ultimately what’s needed to achieve zero. This chapter covers some of the tools used to retrospectively evaluate real-life benefits of road safety measures and methods used to predict the combined effects of interventions in a road safety action plan as well as to estimate if they are sufficient to achieve targets near-term and long-term. Included are also a brief overview of methods to develop boundary conditions on what constitutes a Safe System for different road users. Further to that, the chapter lists some arguments for the need of high-quality mass and in-depth data to ensure confidence in the results and conclusions from road safety analysis. Finally, a few key messages are summarized.
Vision Zero in Workplaces
Authors: Zwetsloot Gerard I. J. M. , Kines Pete 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnsafe and unhealthy working conditions contribute to more than 2.3 million deaths globally each year. Vision Zero (VZ) in workplaces presents the challenge to prevent all serious accidents and work-related sickness and disease. Companies and other organizations play a key role, in the development and implementation of VZ, and are supported by international organizations such as the International Labour Organization and the International Social Security Association (ISSA). VZ in workplaces has a long history and several roots, which explain the variety in its application. It is both conceptually and practically closely associated with the development of a broad prevention culture, focusing on the safety, health, and well-being of the workforce as an integrated part of business. VZ in workplaces has developed quickly since the Seoul Declaration (2008), whereby global occupational safety and health leaders and representatives of national governments expressed their will to create a worldwide culture of prevention. In particular, the ISSA launched a global VZ strategy and campaign in 2017, which now (in 2021) runs in more than 80 countries. VZ policies and strategies for both road traffic and workplaces are overlapping and can strengthen each other, as roads are an important place of work in many jobs. The implementation of VZ in workplaces should be regarded as a commitment strategy, based on genuine commitment of both top leaders and all personnel. It is important that VZ in workplaces is understood as a vision and a long-term ambition, not as a target. Proactive leading indicators are therefore more important for VZ than lagging indicators, such as accident frequencies.
Recent Advances in Intelligent Textbooks for Better Learning
Authors: Jiang Bo , Gu Meijun , Du Ying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntelligent textbooks are a new form of digital textbooks that provides students with intelligent learning services, such as automatic question answering, adaptive navigation support, automatic linking, and personalized recommendation. Educators are investing much effort into the conversion of their paper-based textbooks and digital textbooks into intelligent textbooks. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the development of intelligent textbooks and reviews major adaptive technologies and the usage of intelligent textbooks in the past decade. We first summarize the development of intelligent textbooks and the existing authoring platforms. Then, the key intelligent technologies used in the intelligent textbooks are reviewed, including domain modeling, student modeling, and instruction technologies. Moreover, the empirical studies conducted to evaluate intelligent textbooks are summarized. This chapter would promote understanding of the current state of the technology and platform development of intelligent textbooks.
Artificial Intelligence Innovations for Multimodal Learning, Interfaces, and Analytics
Authors: Worsley Marcelo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe twenty-first century has brought with it a growing variety of authentic and engaging learning environments. While significant portions of human learning still take place in traditional classrooms, researchers and educators have innovated several learning experiences that are embodied, project-based, inquiry-driven, collaborative, and open-ended. Furthermore, there has been greater acknowledgement of the varying timescales and contexts where meaningful learning takes place, as well as greater attention to previously underappreciated competencies like creativity, self-regulation, and collaboration. This expansion in the types, contexts, and timescales of human learning necessitate novel analytic approaches. This chapter will discuss how artificial intelligence-based tools and technologies can help researchers and practitioners navigate and enact these novel approaches to learning, while also providing a meaningful lens for student reflection and inquiry. Consequently, this chapter includes discussions of (1) technologies that provide learners with a broader set of modalities to showcase their knowledge, (2) tools that offer insights within groups of students using audio/video information, and (3) analytic techniques and interfaces for helping researchers collect and analyze different types of multimodal data across contexts. The chapter will also discuss some of the ethics surrounding these types of data and analytic approaches.