bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative studies on Nutrient Utilization, Nutrient balance and Microbial N supply supply in complete diet of maize replaced with broken rice and jowar grain in Nellore rams
Authors: Gudepu Roupesh , Nagireddy Nalini Kumari , Devanaboyina Nagalakshmia , Rao Hanumanth , Sagi Raju 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe primary objective of this research was to replace corn with broken rice and jowar in a complete diet. Other objectives were nutrient utilization, microbial nitrogen supply and rumen fermentation pattern. Eighteen Nellore rams were randomly divided into 3 groups consisting of 6 animals each in a completely randomized design. Three complete feeds were formulated using maize, broken rice and jowar along with sorghum stover as roughage at the ratio of 50:50 (Concentrate: Roughage). Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.01) in complete feed with jowar grain while, the ether extract digestibility was highest in complete feed with maize grain but the crude fiber was lowest in complete feed with broken rice. The hemi cellulose was lowest (P < 0.01) in complete feed with broken rice while the digestibility coefficient of cellulose differed significantly (P < 0.01) and it was highest for complete feed maize grain. The digestible crude protein differed significantly (P < 0.01) in all experimental diets however, the complete feed with jowar grain was highest. The nitrogen intake (g/d), faecal excretion and total nitrogen excretion were lowest (P < 0.01) in complete feed with broken rice while, the nitrogen balance (% absorbed) was highest (P < 0.01) in complete feed with jowar grain. The crude protein intake (g/d) was lowest (P < 0.01) in complete feed with broken rice whereas, the total digestible nutrient intake was significantly highest (P < 0.01) in case of complete feed with jowar grain. Metabolizable Energy intake (Mcal/d) was significantly (P < 0.01) highest for complete feed with jowar grain. The dry matter intake (g/ kgw0.75) was lowest (P < 0.01) in complete feed with broken rice while, total digestible nutrient intake (g/ kgw0.75) was lowest (P < 0.01) in complete feed with maize grain. ME intake (g/ kgw0.75) was highest (P < 0.01) in jowar grain complete feed when compared with complete feed with broken rice and complete feed maize grain. The daily calcium and phosphorous intake and balance were comparable in all experimental diets. Cereal grain feeding did not affect ruminal pH while, the ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid (mmol/100ml) differed significantly (P < 0.01) among dietary treatments. It is concluded that jowar and broken rice are suitable for substuting maize grain in complete feed.
Temporal variation of Hydro-meteorological variables in a small river basin: A case study of the Savitri River basin, India
Authors: Namitha E. S. , Jothiprakash V. , Sivakumar Bellie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

This study examines the temporal characteristics of hydro-meteorological variables in the Savitri River basin in India. Eight hydro-meteorological variables observed during the monsoon season (July–September) over a period of 11 years (2000–2010) from two stations (Kangule and Birwadi) are analysed. The variables include daily rainfall, runoff, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, pan evaporation, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and wind speed. Two trend detection methods, namely the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope test, are employed to identify the trend characteristics in these variables. The trend analysis is performed for the indices developed from these variables, which are based on events, such as the number of days of occurrence, annual total, 1-day maximum, yearly average, days of occurrence of events more than the yearly average, 95th percentile, and days of occurrence of events more than 95th percentile. The trend analysis of rainfall shows an increasing trend for all rainfall indices studied. The runoff indices revealed that there is an increase in magnitude and days of occurrence of high flows which may result in flood flow. The indices on maximum temperature, sunshine duration, and relative humidity show a decreasing trend. However, the minimum temperature, pan evaporation, and wind speed show mixed responses. The results indicate that although the two stations are geographically closer to each other, the hydro-meteorological variables show mixed variations due to their difference in elevation and closeness to the peaked region. The present results serve as an important basis for a detailed hydrological analysis of the Savitri River basin.
How the plant probiotic bacteria and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) alter functional response of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Phytoseiidae) on the two-spotted spider mite
Authors: Montazersaheb Hosna , Zamani Abbas Ali , Sharifi Rouhallah , Darbemamieh Maryam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticaeKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the economically most important pests on different crops worldwide. Its management programs conduct normally based on usage of chemical acaricides. However, considering the side effects of acaricides and rapid resistance development, releasing the predator mite,Phytoseiulus persimilisAthias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), is an alternative method for the control ofT. urticae. In this study, the effects of plant probiotic bacteria;Bacillus pumilusINR7 (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) andBacillus velezensisH3 (Bacillales: Bacillaceae), and herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) (methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, Indole and 3-pentanol) were investigated on the functional response ofP. persimilisonT. urticaeeggs laid attached leaves of kidney bean under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8h L:D). Densities of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 prey in 10 replications were offered to the 1-day-old adult female individuals ofP. persimilisduring a 24-h period. The results of logistic regression analyses showed a type II functional response on all treatments. The Rogers model was used to estimate the instantaneous attack rate (a) and handling time (Th). The instantaneous attack rate had no significant difference among treatments. The handling time onB. velezensis(0.3540 ± 0.0716 h) and methyl salicylate (0.3593 ± 0.0842 h) was significantly lower than other treatments. These results suggest that methyl jasmonate andB. velezensismay have a positive effect on the foraging behavior ofP. persimilisagainstT. urticae.
MtGenome for the cost of a gene: Long-amplicon PacBio and Nanopore sequencing of hundreds of full mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Karin Benjamin R. , Arellano Selene , Wang Laura , Walzer Kayla , Pomerantz Aaron , Vasquez Juan Manuel , Chatla Kamalakar , Sudmant Peter H. , Bach Bryan H. , Smith Lydia L. , McGuire Jimmy A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial genome sequences have become critical to the study of biodiversity, though the cost of doing so with genome skimming or other methods has been difficult to reduce beyond ~$15–20 per sample making it costly to scale up. Here, we report on an approach to sequence hundreds to thousands of complete mitochondrial genomes in parallel using long-amplicon sequencing. We amplified the mitochondrial genome of 677 specimens in two partially overlapping amplicons and implemented an asymmetric PCR-based indexing approach to multiplex 1,159 long amplicons together on a single PacBio SMRT cell. We also tested this method on Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION as a proof-of-concept. We implemented several cost-saving measures to reach a per-sample cost as low as $7 per mtGenome on the PacBio platform.
Results: With the PacBio data we recovered at least one of the two fragments for 96% of samples (~80% of input amplicons) with mean coverage ~1,500x. The ONT data recovered less than 50% of input fragments due to the use of PacBio Barcoded Universal Primers (BUPs) and low throughput, though we are confident results will improve with ONT-optimized BUPs. We compared a single mitochondrial gene alignment to half and full mitochondrial genomes and found, as expected, significant improvement in tree support with longer alignments.
Conclusions: This method can effectively capture thousands of long amplicons in a single run and be used to build more robust phylogenies quickly and effectively. We provide several recommendations for future users depending on the evolutionary scale of their system. A natural extension of this method is to collect multi-locus datasets consisting of mitochondrial genomes and several long nuclear loci at once.
Emerging Paradigms of Network and Pruning Strategies: A comprehensive Survey
Authors: K Priyanga K , Sabeen S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Deep neural networks have been utilized in a variety of applications and have shown to have exceptional skills in the area of computer vision. Complex network designs delivers a considerable computational resource and energy cost issue for real-time deployment. These difficulties can be solved using improvements like network compression. Many times, network compression may be achieved with minimum loss of accuracy. Accuracy may even enhance in rare circumstances. This study presents a pruning survey on network compression. Pruning can be classified as dynamic or static, depending on whether it is done offline or in real time. This article analyses pruning methods and explains the criterion for removing duplicate calculations. Also covered trade-offs in element-by-element, channel-by-channel, shape-by-shape, filter-by-filter, layer-by-layer, and even network-by-network pruning. In this article, the pros and limitations of a variety of existing methodologies are contrasted and analyzed, as well as compressed network accuracy findings for a variety of frameworks and practical advice for compressing networks.
Numerical simulation of the flow around circular cylinder with slits
Authors: Bensedira Sidali , Salhi Merouane , El-Hadj Abdellah Abdellah , Semmar Djaffar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The flow around a cylinder with slits has been investigated numerically. The main purpose of this study is to show the effect of the slits on the vortex detachment behind a cylinder smooth, and stationary using the finite element approach to solve the fluid governing equations system at Re = 200. The variation of the spacing ratio (D/S) of the slit is strongly influenced both the various physical parameters and the vortex detachment behind a cylinder. We found that the drag coefficient varies between 1.43 and 1.24 in the case of the horizontal slit and between 1.45 and 1.39 in the case of the vertical slit. In the case of the double horizontal-vertical slit, the values vary between 1.47 and 1.38. We also found that the values of the Strouhal number vary between 0.201 and 0.268 according to the spacing ratio (D/S) of the slit. A comparison was made with experimental works for the Strouhal number. The results are very important, and the error found is less than 7%.
Genetic variants of NEUROD1 target genes are associated with clinical outcomes of small-cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Lee Sunwoong , Yoo Seung Soo , Choi Jin Eun , Hong Mi Jeong , Do Sook Kyung , Lee Jang Hyuck , Lee Won Ki , Park Ji Eun , Choi Sun Ha , Seo Hyewon , Lee Jaehee , Lee Shin Yup , Cha Seung Ick , Kim Chang Ho , Kang Hyo-Gyoung , Park Jae Yong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1) is frequently overexpressed in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NEUROD1 plays an important role in promoting malignant behavior and survival. In this study, we evaluated the association between putative functional polymorphisms in 45 NEUROD1 target genes and chemotherapy response and survival outcomes in 261 patients with SCLC. Among the 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied, two were significantly associated with both chemotherapy response and overall survival (OS) of patients with SCLC. The SNP rs3806915C>A in semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) gene was significantly associated with better chemotherapy response and OS (P = 0.04 and P = 0.04, respectively). The SNPrs11265375C>T in nescient helix-loop helix 1 (NHLH1) gene was also associated with better chemotherapy response and OS (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). Luciferase assay showed a significantly higher promoter activity of SEMA6A with the rs3806915 A allele than C allele in H446 lung cancer cells (P = 4 × 10-6). The promoter activity of NHLH1 showed a significantly higher with the rs11265375 T allele than C allele (P = 0.001). These results suggest that SEMA6A rs3806915C>A and NHLH1 rs11265375C>T polymorphisms affect the promoter activity and expression of the genes, which may affect the survival outcome of patients with SCLC.
Diplochore seed dispersal and implications for habitat conservation of the West African chimpanzee in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: KOFFI Kouadio Kan Sylvestre , DOSSO Kanvaly , BAROT Sebastien , WITTIG Roman M. , ARISTOPHANOUS Marios , MORETTO Philippe , KONE Inza , TIHO Seydou 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Seed dispersal is a key stage in the life cycle of plants, thus in forest regeneration, especially in the tropics. Chimpanzees are known as important seed dispersers and dung beetles play critical roles in secondary dispersal thus increasing the chance for seed post-dispersal success. Hence, understanding secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles is critical to our understanding of forest dynamics and seedling establishment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of successive seed dispersal by chimpanzees and by dung beetles on the surface dispersal and burial of the seeds of four plant species: (Dacryodes klaineana,Diospyros mannii,Pycnanthus angolensisandUapaca guineensis) at three nesting site in the Taï National Park. To investigate this, 28 seeds i.e. seven seeds per plant species (N = 75, average ± SD: 28.24 ± 3.06 seeds) were introduced into 85 g of chimpanzee faeces. This set was exposed on the forest floor for 48h following an average faeces radius of 5 cm (N = 40, average ± SD: 5 ± 1.06 cm). From the observations made, it emerges an essentially surface dispersion, ie 45.6% of the seeds dispersed against 6.3% of seeds buried. The highest rate of vertically dispersed seeds, ie 10.31%, and average depth of burial, ie 7.45 cm, were quantified in the Southern nesting sites. This distribution of seeds would not only be linked to the time of deposition of the faeces, but also and above all to the size of the secondary disperser.
Electrochemical Characteristics of A Biomedical Ti70Zr20Nb7.5Ta2.5 Refractory High Entropy Alloy In An Artificial Saliva Solution
Authors: Elshamy Ibrahim H. , Ibrahim Magdy A. M. , Rehim Sayed S. Abdel , Boraei Nobl F. El 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

High entropy alloys are a new type of multi-component material with improved mechanical properties that could be useful in medical implants. The corrosion behavior of a biomedical Ti70Zr20Nb7.5Ta2.5 alloy was examined and matched with that of commercial Ti and the traditional biomaterial Ti6Al4V in artificial saliva. Moreover, the impact of different pH and concentrations of fluoride ions on the corrosion behavior of Ti70Zr20Nb7.5Ta2.5 was also investigated. The Ecorr decreases in the following order: Ti70Zr20Nb7.5Ta2.5 > Ti6Al4V > Ti. The steady state potential of the OCP, indicates that the corrosion resistance decreases in the same order: Ti70Zr20Nb7.5Ta2.5 > Ti6Al4V > Ti. The Ti70Zr20Nb7.5Ta2.5 immersed in saliva at low pH (pH 2.0) and a high fluoride ion concentration (2000 ppm) suffers from cracking and exhibits the lowest resistance to corrosion compared to the sample immersed in the saliva without and with low concentrations of fluoride ions (0-1000 ppm) and at high pH values (5.0 and 7.0). This data reveals that if the fluoride ion concentrations are enhanced or the pH falls, the alloy corrosion resistance reduces. The EIS data shows that the passive layer is made up of a duplex outer and inner oxide layer and that the alloy's resistance to corrosion in fluoride-containing solutions has been significantly reduced. Additionally, the data demonstrates that a Ti70Zr20Nb7.5Ta2.5 alloy's corrosion resistance rises with increasing immersion time with and without fluoride ions. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation, the protective passive oxides include TiO2, ZrO2, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5. The alloy Ti70Zr20Nb7.5Ta2.5 can be considered as a promising material suitable for usage as a biomaterial among all the materials tested in this work.
Policy impact considerations for using an SJT to improve diversity in medical selection
Authors: O’Mara Deborah , Patterson Fiona , Morley Emma , Bleasel Jane 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction:Traditionally, medical selection has relied heavily on indicators of prior academic attainment. Recent studies have shown that situational judgement tests (SJTs) show promise in widening access to medical education. However, there has been little research regarding the weighting and sequencing of selection tools to improve the diversity of applicants throughout the process. This study extends previous research by measuring the magnitude of the policy change that would be required for an SJT to have substantial impact on the diversity of the shortlisting pool for interviews with a graduate entry medical program, when used in conjunction with the Graduate Medical Schools Admissions Test (GAMSAT).Method:A SJT was developed and piloted to rank applicants for interview offers (N=270). Five indicators of diversity were investigated to address gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status (SES). The impact on diversity was explored by weighting SJT scores with the current shortlisting tool (GAMSAT) using four weighting options (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%).Results:GAMSAT scores differed significantly (p<0.05) for all diversity indicators except ethnicity. SJT scores differed significantly (p<0.05) for two indicators; first in family to have a degree and/or applicants whose prior degree was not medical science related performed better. The odds ratios for interview shortlisting using 100% GAMSAT were significantly reduced with a 50% GAMSAT and SJT weighting.Discussion:This pilot study demonstrates the policy impact when incorporating an SJT into a traditional medical education selection process. It provides evidence for substantial policy changes in the selection process to improve diversity and widen access.
The efficacy and safety of tirofiban versus oral antiplatelet drug therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients with early neurological deterioration
Authors: Xiao Qian , Hou Yangbo , Cheng Jiwei , Hu Yinqin , Tao Jie , Wu Dan , Li Guoyi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose Early neurological deterioration (END) is common after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and associated with poor outcome. The antithrombotic strategy for END is still a pending question without specific evidence-based recommendation. Whether traditional oral antiplatelet (AP) drug or intravenous tirofiban is more beneficial for END needs further research. Our study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tirofiban with oral AP drugs in patients who experienced END without thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy and evaluate which stratified population gained the most benefit from tirofiban. Methods A total of 222 AIS patients with END from January 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the oral AP group and tirofiban group. The functional outcome was assessed with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at discharge and modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days. Results Compared with the oral AP group, more patients in the tirofiban group achieved NIHSS improvement by ≥2 points at discharge (61.7% vs. 25.2%, p = 0.000) and a favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) at 90 days (60.7% vs. 42.6%, p = 0.007). No moderate or severe hemorrhage occurred, and mild hemorrhage was comparable in both groups (p = 0.199). Logistic regression demonstrated that tirofiban was associated with NIHSS improvement at discharge [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.930; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.731-8.898] and 90-day favorable outcome (adjusted OR 2.242; 95% CI 1.080-4.653). Subgroup analysis showed that compared with oral AP, tirofiban improved NIHSS scores at discharge in all subgroups, and improved 90-day mRS in the subgroups of large-artery atherosclerosis (p = 0.004), age ≤75 years (p = 0.03), and NIHSS 4-7 (p = 0.001). Conclusions Based on our results, tirofiban monotherapy could be an alternative to traditional oral AP strategy for the treatment of END.
68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging for in-vivo CXCR4 receptor mapping in different lung cancer histologic sub-types: Correlation with quantitative receptors’ density by immunochemistry techniques
Authors: Watts Ankit , Singh Baljinder , Singh Harmandeep , Bal Amanjit , Kaur Harneet , Dhanota Ninjit , Arora Sunil K , Mittal Bhagwant R , Behera Digambar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose In-vivo CXCR4 receptor quantification in different lung cancer (LC) sub-types using68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT and correlation with quantitative CXCR4-receptors’ tissue density by immunochemistry analyses. Methods68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging was performed prospectively in 94 (77M: 17F, mean age 60.15 ± 10.12 yrs) LC patients. CXCR4 receptors’ expression was estimated in all the patients on lung tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FACS analyses. SUVmaxon PET, Intensity score on IHC and Mean fluorescence Index (MFI) on FACS analyses were measured. Results 75/94 (79.8%) cases had NSCLC, 14 (14.9%) had SCLC and 5 (5.3%) had lung NETs. All LC types showed increased CXCR4 expression on PET (SUVmax) and FACS (MFI). However, both these parameters (mean SUVmax= 10.30 ± 5.0; mean MFI = 349.0 ± 99.0) were significantly (p = 0.005) higher in SCLC as compared to NSCLC and lung NETs. PET SUVmaxin adenocarcinoma (n = 16) were 8.00 ± 1.9 which was significantly (p = 0.003) higher than in squamous cell carcinoma (n = 54; 6.2 ± 2.15) and NOS (n = 5; 5.8 ± 1.5) subtypes of NSCLC. A significant correlation (r = 0.697; p = 001) was seen between SUVmaxand MFI values in squamous cell NSCLC as well as in NSCLC-adenocarcinoma (r = 0.538, p = 0.031) which supports the specific uptake of68Ga-Pentixafor by CXCR4 receptors. However, this correlation was not significant in SCLC (r = 0.435, p = 0.121) and NET (r = 0.747,p = 0.147) which may be due to the small sample size.68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT provided good sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (78.1%) for differentiating SCLC from NSCLC (ROC cut-off SUVmax= 7.24). Almost similar sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (71.4%) were observed (ROC cut-off SUVmax= 6.67) for differentiating adenocarcinoma and squamous cell variants of NSCLC. Conclusion Higher CXCR4 expression was seen in SCLC as compared to NSCLC and NETs on68Ga-Pentixafor PET imaging. The findings may potentially supplement the existing data for inclusion and expanding CXCR4 -based radioligand therapies in LC beyond haematological malignancies.