bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of photobiomodulation in experimental spinal cord injury models: A systematic review
Authors: da Cruz Tobelem Daysi , Silva Tamiris , Araujo Tamires , Andreo Lucas , Malavazzi Tainá Caroline dos Santos , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel Agnelli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis systematic review investigated the repercussions of photobiomodulation using low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) in experimental models. Studies were identified from relevant databases published between January 2009 and December 2021. Nineteen original articles were selected and 68.4% used light at an infrared wavelength. There was a considerable variation of the power used (from 25 to 200 mW), total application time (8–3000 s) and total energy (0.3–450 J). In 79% of the studies, irradiation was initiated immediately after or within 2 h of the SCI, and treatment time ranged continuously from 5 to 21 days. In conclusion, LLLT can be an auxiliary therapy in the treatment of SCI, playing a neuroprotective role, enabling functional recovery, increasing the concentration of nerve connections around the injury site and reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines. However, there is a need for standardization in the dosimetric parameters.
Non‐factor therapies for bleeding disorders: A primer for the general haematologist
Authors: Swan Dawn , Mahlangu Johnny , Thachil Jecko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractManagement of patients with severe bleeding disorders, particularly haemophilia A and B, and to a lesser extent, von Willebrand disease, has come on leaps and bounds over the past decade. Until recently, patients relied upon the administration of factor concentrates to prevent or treat bleeding episodes. Factor administration requires intravenous access and, in up to one‐third of patients, leads to the development of neutralising antibodies, or inhibitors, which are associated with more frequent bleeding episodes and higher morbidity. Novel non‐factor therapies may offer a solution to these unmet needs. In this review, we discuss the factor mimetics, particularly emicizumab, and the rebalancing agents, which inhibit antithrombin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and activated protein C, and novel treatments to enhance von Willebrand factor levels. We review the available trial data, unanswered questions and challenges associated with these new treatment modalities. Finally, we provide practical management algorithms to aid the general haematologist when faced with a patient receiving emicizumab who requires surgery or may develop bleeding.
Picosecond 755‐nm alexandrite laser treatment for oral lentiginosis in Peutz–Jeghers disease
Authors: Agud‐Dios Manuel , Perandones‐Gonzalez Hector , Fernández‐Domper Leopoldo , Dominguez Santas Miguel , Boixeda de Miquel Pablo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present the case of a 16‐year‐old boy with Peutz–Jeghers disease with successful treatment of oral lentiginosis with one session of picosecond 755‐nm alexandrite laser. To date, only in one other article picosecond laser is used for lentiginosis in Peutz–Jeghers disease. Other therapeutical options include Q‐switched 755‐nm alexandrite, 1064‐nm Nd:YAG, 532‐nm KTP‐laser, ruby and intense pulsed light, which generally require more sessions, are less pigment‐selective and have overall worse results than picosecond laser treatment.
Effect of Hofmeister Salts on the LCST of Poly(diethyl vinylphosphonate) and Poly(2‐vinylpyridine‐block‐diethyl vinylphosphonate)
Authors: Wenisch Sandra E. , Schaffer Andreas , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, the effect of Hofmeister anions on the cloud point of poly(diethyl vinylphosphonate) (PDEVP) homopolymers and poly(2‐vinylpyridine‐block‐diethyl vinylphosphonate) (P(2VP‐b‐DEVP)) block copolymers using their sodium salts is reported. The change in the cloud point temperature (TCP) of these two polymers upon the addition of coordinating transition metal salts is investigated. The TCP of the different solutions is determined by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy at different temperatures. Additionally, dynamic light scattering (DLS) is applied to investigate the behavior of the block copolymer below and above the TCP. Both polymers follow the trend of the Hofmeister series using the different sodium salts. This indicates that the P2VP block of the copolymer does not affect the TCP when noncoordinating cations are used. In contrast, a linear increase in the TCP is observed when the block copolymer is used in the presence of copper(II) or iron(III), whereas the TCP of the homopolymer in the same concentration range remains unchanged. The cloud point is increased due to an increase in hydrophilicity and electrostatic repulsion, resulting from the transition metal ion coordination. The coordination to the P2VP units is confirmed by the DLS. These findings can lead to potential applications as sensors or in wastewater purification.
Variation of the Electrical Conductivity of PLA‐Based Composites with a Hybrid of Graphene and Carbon Black During 3D Printing
Authors: Ahn Jung Hyun , Kim Dahong , Park Su A , Hong Joung Sook , Ahn Kyung Hyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to develop conductive‐biocompatible 3D parts, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is mixed with a hybrid of carbon black (CB, 4%) and graphene (GP, 0.1–0.5%) and the change of the particle dispersion under a flow is investigated based on rheological and electrical characterizations. In CB/PLA composite, CB aggregates are rearranged and percolation structure is disrupted under the given flow, resulting in a decrease in the modulus of the composite and lower electrical conductivity. During the 3D printing process, assemblies of CB aggregates do not remain close enough to maintain the percolation structure. When CB/PLA composite is mixed with GP, CB aggregates come into contact with GP aggregates to form percolation, maintaining a durable particle percolation against a flow and realizing electrical conductivity in 3D part. Despite the orientation effect of GP, the presence of GP enhances connectivity between the aggregates under a flow and maintains electrical percolation. A cell viability test of a 3D composite part shows good adsorption and growth of the cell due to the rough surface and biocompatibility of PLA. The addition of CB and GP to PLA improves not only the electrical properties of the 3D printing part but also enhances the cell viability.
Glasindustrie in Deutschland: Von schmückend bis lebenswichtig
Authors: Richardt Dorothée 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDie Glasindustrie besteht im Wesentlichen aus fünf Branchen. Alle fußen auf der jahrtausendealten Tradition des Glasmachens. Dazu kommen neue Anwendungen wie Glasfasern und neue Herausforderungen wie die Dekarbonisierung.
Start‐ups: Genau jetzt
Authors: Bellof Martin , Weber Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAusgründungen aus Hochschulen und außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen werden wichtiger denn je. Denn die Klimakrise verlangt von der chemischen Industrie Innovationen in nie gekannter Geschwindigkeit. Mit dem Innovationsdruck steigen jedoch auch die Erfolgschancen für Start‐ups.
Effects of green tea on prostate carcinogenesis in rat models and a human prostate cancer xenograft model
Authors: Bosland Maarten C. , Horton Lori , Condon Mark S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence to suggest that green tea soy may have protective effects against prostate cancer, but there are several epidemiologic and clinical studies that did not identify such an effect. We tested the notion of protective effects in a rat model of prostate carcinogenesis that has been predictive of the effects of selenium and vitamin E in randomized clinical trials and a human prostate cancer xenograft model in nude mice and rat prostate tumor cells transplanted in immune‐competent syngeneic animals.MethodsProstate cancer was induced in rats with methylnitrosourea and testosterone and tumor incidence was determined. Subcutaneous tumor growth was measured resulting from injected cells isolated from rat prostate cancers grafted in syngeneic animals and from the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐producing human prostate cancer PC346 xenografted in nude mice. Brewed decaffeinated green tea infusion or caffeinated green tea extract and the same 300 mg/ml concentration of caffeine were provided in drinking water of the rats and nude mice.ResultsCaffeinated green tea extract and caffeine provided in drinking water did not modify the induction of prostate cancer in the rat model compared with control rats. The same drinking water treatments also did not affect the growth and PSA production of PC346 human prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice and the growth of two transplantable rat prostate cancer tumor lines in Wistar Firth rats. Brewed green tea infusion as drinking water did also not affect tumor growth in these xeno‐ and allograft models.ConclusionThese animal studies with drinking water exposure to green tea and caffeine do not support the idea that green tea is protective against prostate cancer.
Herbicidal activity of atrazine to barnyard grass depends upon soil characteristics
Authors: He Shuhong , Lang Hongbin , Shen Jiatao , Zhang Luqing , Fang Hua , Yu Yunlong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe efficacy of a herbicide as soil treatment agent may be largely affected by soil characteristics. Understanding the relationship between herbicide efficacy and soil characteristics can provide decision basis for herbicide application according to local conditions. This study was aimed towards exploring the effect of soil characteristics on herbicidal activity of atrazine as a model herbicide to barnyard grass and thus to find an indicator for the herbicidal activity assessment of a herbicide against weeds.RESULTSThe herbicidal activity of atrazine to barnyard grass varied greatly among the tested soils with the medium inhibition concentration (IC50), based on the amended concentration, ranging from 1.07 to 10.91 mg kg−1. Uptake of atrazine by barnyard grass was negatively correlated with its adsorption onto soils, whereas it was positively related to the concentration of the herbicide in in situ pore water (CIPW). Comparable IC50 values ranging from 1.14 to 1.38 were obtained from CIPW in the tested soils with much smaller variation coefficient compared to those based on the traditional concentration (Csoil) of this herbicide in soils determined by extraction with organic solvents.CONCLUSIONThe concentration of atrazine in in situ pore water could be reliable to evaluate its bioavailability and herbicidal activity to barnyard grass. CIPW of a herbicide in soil could be an indicator for guiding the practical application rate. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pore structure alteration in a reclaimed saline–sodic soil identified by multiscale X‐ray tomography
Authors: Yu Xiuling , Qi Dongmei , Lu Shenggao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSoil structure is one of the major factors to affect soil salinization in high evaporation areas. Revealing the effects of desulfurization steel slag (DSS) on the pore structures in saline–sodic soil is critical for evaluating the remediation effects and understanding the mechanisms of various soil processes involved. In this study, the multiscale pore structure in DSS‐amended soil was quantified by multiscale X‐ray tomography. Soil macroaggregates (>5 mm in diameter) and intact soil cores (5 × 20 cm in size) were collected from a field experiment of DSS reclamation for 1 yr (T1) and 4 yr (T4), respectively. The saline–sodic soil without DSS treatments was taken as the control (CK). For soil aggregates, the difference in total porosity between T1 and T4 treatments is insignificant. For soil cores, the total porosity of the T4 treatment significantly decreased compared with the T1 treatment. The compact and homogeneous pore structures of CK benefits the ascension of the capillary water, which directly related to soil salinization. However, the alteration of pore structure in DSS‐amended soils posed negative effects on soil salinization, which could be summarized by three possible mechanisms. The elimination of the unique pore structure in the saline–sodic soil markedly reduced the ascension of the capillary water. Secondly, the DSS application significantly increased the total porosity and macroporosity in the soil. Thirdly, DSS addition enhanced the root activity and further prevented the capillary water from ascending. These findings are crucial in developing and optimizing soil reclamation strategies.
Contracting for innovation: Designing contracts that account for exchange hazards and the need for innovation
Authors: Mayer Kyle J. , Xing Zhe (Adele) , Mondal Pablo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine how organizations govern interfirm transactions that involve innovative tasks. Designing contracts that foster innovation is challenging and becomes more complex when exchange hazards are present. We draw on regulatory focus theory to examine the effects of promotion and prevention effects in contract framing contracts to address how firms should design their contracts to balance the need for promoting innovation and protecting against opportunistic behavior. Using a sample of contracts from the information technology services industry, we find that in the presence of exchange hazards, task innovation involves hybrid payment systems, less use of detailed description of requirements, and more use of extensive contingency planning.Managerial SummaryManagers must understand how contract design can aid in the success of interfirm innovation endeavors as radical innovation is frequently developed in an interfirm context. Our findings suggest that contract negotiators should pay special attention to several contractual elements when designing contracts for tasks that require more radical innovation. In particular, the payment structure, specifications of outcomes and processes, and contingency planning clauses influence the innovative output of suppliers. Employees who understand the task should participate in contract negotiation and design, allowing them to outsource more innovative tasks and manage them more effectively.
Nanopore Sensing Technique for Studying the Hofmeister Effect
Authors: Wei Weichen , Chen Xiaojuan , Wang Xuejiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe nanopore sensing technique is an emerging method of detecting single molecules, and extensive research has gone into various fields, including nanopore sequencing and other applications of single‐molecule studies. Recently, several researchers have explored the specific ion effects in nanopore channels, enabling a unique understanding of the Hofmeister effect at the single‐molecule level. Herein, the recent advances of using nanopore sensing techniques are reviewed to study the Hofmeister effect and the physicochemical mechanism of this process is attempted. The challenges and goals are also discussed for the future in this field.
Evaluating ensemble post‐processing for wind power forecasts
Authors: Phipps Kaleb , Lerch Sebastian , Andersson Maria , Mikut Ralf , Hagenmeyer Veit , Ludwig Nicole 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCapturing the uncertainty in probabilistic wind power forecasts is challenging, especially when uncertain input variables, such as the weather, play a role. Since ensemble weather predictions aim to capture the uncertainty in the weather system, they can be used to propagate this uncertainty through to subsequent wind power forecasting models. However, as weather ensemble systems are known to be biassed and underdispersed, meteorologists post‐process the ensembles. This post‐processing can successfully correct the biasses in the weather variables but has not been evaluated thoroughly in the context of subsequent forecasts, such as wind power generation forecasts. The present paper evaluates multiple strategies for applying ensemble post‐processing to probabilistic wind power forecasts. We use Ensemble Model Output Statistics (EMOS) as the post‐processing method and evaluate four possible strategies: only using the raw ensembles without post‐processing, a one‐step strategy where only the weather ensembles are post‐processed, a one‐step strategy where we only post‐process the power ensembles and a two‐step strategy where we post‐process both the weather and power ensembles. Results show that post‐processing the final wind power ensemble improves forecast performance regarding both calibration and sharpness whilst only post‐processing the weather ensembles does not necessarily lead to increased forecast performance.
Portable testing techniques for the analysis of drug materials
Authors: Alonzo Morgan , Alder Rhiannon , Clancy Laura , Fu Shanlin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe analysis of drug material in the field is an important function of law enforcement agencies, forensic drug laboratories, and drug checking services. Portable testing techniques employed by these different groups range from inexpensive screening tools with low discriminating power, such as presumptive chemical color tests, to more sophisticated portable analytical techniques that behave as miniaturized versions of their laboratory counterparts, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Rapid non‐destructive analysis in the field and non‐laboratory environments is afforded by portable and handheld Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers with little to no sample preparation, while handheld Raman analyzers have the added potential for drug material identification through sealed packaging using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). Utilization of the most suitable testing technique for the given environment is demonstrated at international borders and airports wherein ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) is frequently employed for the detection of drug (and explosive) residues owing to its ease of operation and rapid analysis. Advances in technology and materials have provided analysts with new portable testing techniques, including paper spray ionization–MS (PSI‐MS), an ambient MS technique that provides sensitive, rapid, and reliable analysis without the need for sample preparation steps. A growing area of research and interest in the development of sensitive and selective optical and electrochemical portable (bio)sensors for in‐field analysis of drug material indicates that new commercial sensors for drug detection will be available in the foreseeable future.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Controlled and Emerging Drug Compounds
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and Methods
Toxicology > Drug Analysis
A nationally representative cross‐sectional survey on health information access for consumers in Japan: A protocol for the INFORM Study
Authors: Otsuki Aki , Saito Junko , Yaguchi‐Saito Akiko , Odawara Miyuki , Fujimori Maiko , Hayakawa Masayo , Katanoda Kota , Matsuda Tomohiro , Matsuoka Yutaka J. , Takahashi Hirokazu , Takahashi Miyako , Inoue Manami , Yoshimi Itsuro , Kreps Gary L. , Uchitomi Yosuke , Shimazu Taichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Japan, risk behaviors for cancer remain inadequately controlled, often due to a lack of necessary information and support to guide consumers in cancer control decisions. The use of strategic health communication efforts based on social marketing has substantial potential to provide groups of consumers who are underinformed or misinformed with relevant cancer information, both to reinforce their cancer awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs and to strengthen behaviors to prevent cancer. The INFORM Study monitors these variables nationally and identifies populations most in need of cancer‐related information. A nationally representative cross‐sectional mail survey was used to investigate consumer behaviors related to cancer prevention and screening, as well as cancer knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, and access to and use of trusted cancer information. A total of 10,000 Japanese aged 20 years or older were selected by two‐stage stratified random sampling. The self‐administered questionnaire consisted of core items from the Health Information National Trends Survey in the United States with some additional items not covered in HINTS but important in Japan. This national survey is expected to play an important role in promoting effective dissemination of evidence‐based recommendations.
Large Scale Data Anonymisation for GDPR Compliance
Authors: Ortega-Fernandez Ines , Martinez Sara El Kortbi , Orellana Lilian Adkinson 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has been in place since May 2018 to give EU citizens more control over their personal data, applying principles like security and privacy by design. One of the most powerful tools to allow data processing while being compliant with data protection regulations is anonymisation, a procedure that consists of transforming data in such a way that makes no longer possible the re-identification of the data subjects. This chapter describes how anonymisation can be performed at a large scale, addressing common challenges to become GDPR compliant.
Simplifying and Accelerating Data Pipelines in Digital Finance and Insurance Applications
Authors: Kranas Pavlos , Burgos Diego , Jimenez-Peris Ricardo , Mahíllo Juan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo process their ever-increasing massive data, financial and insurance organizations are developing and deploying data pipelines. However, state-of-the-art data management platforms have limitations in handling many and complex pipelines that blend different kinds of data stores. This chapter introduces a novel Big Data database, namely the LeanXcale database, which enables the development and management of complex pipelines in a scalable fashion. Specifically, the presented database reduces data access time independently of data size and allows for efficient process parallelization. This combination of capabilities helps to reduce the data pipeline complexity and the total cost of ownership of pipeline management. Moreover, it unveils new ways of generating value with new use cases that were previously not possible.