bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double-Bilayer Polar Nanoregions and Mn antisites in (Ca,Sr)3Mn2O7
Authors: Miao Leixin , Hasin Kishwar-E , Moradifar Parivash , Mukherjee Debangshu , Wang Ke , Cheong Sang-Wook , Nowadnick Elizabeth , Alem Nasim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The layered perovskite Ca3Mn2O7 (CMO) is a hybrid improper ferroelectric (HIF) candidate proposed for room temperature multiferroicity, which also displays negative thermal expansion behavior due to a competition between coexisting polar and nonpolar phases. However, little is known about the atomic-scale structure of the polar/nonpolar phase coexistence, or the underlying physics of its formation and transition. In this work, we report the first direct observation of double bilayer polar nanoregions (db-PNRs) in Ca2.9Sr0.1Mn2O7 using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM). In-situ TEM heating experiments show that the db-PNRs can exist up to 650°C. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) studies coupled with first-principles calculations demonstrate that the stabilization mechanism of the db-PNRs is directly related to a Mn oxidation state change (from 4+ to 2+), which is linked to the presence of Mn antisite defects. These findings open the door to manipulating phase coexistence and achieving exotic properties in HIFs.
Early circulating strain of SARS-CoV-2 causes severe pneumonia distinct from that caused by variants of concern
Authors: Matsumoto Yusuke , Yasui Fumihiko , Endo Akinori , Sanada Takahiro , Munakata Tsubasa , Takagi Asako , Yamaji Kenzaburo , Yamamoto Naoki , Saeki Yasushi , Kohara Michinori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To analyze the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, a small animal model such as mice is needed: human ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, needs to be expressed in the respiratory tract of mice. We conferred SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in mice by using an adenoviral vector expressing hACE2 driven by an EF1α promoter with a leftward orientation. In this model, severe pneumonia like human COVID-19 was observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice, which was confirmed by dramatic infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung with efficient viral replication. An early circulating strain of SARS-CoV-2 caused the most severe weight loss when compared to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, although histopathological findings, viral replication, and cytokine expression characteristics were comparable. We found that a distinct proteome of an early circulating strain infected lung characterized by elevated complement activation and blood coagulation, which were mild in other variants, can contribute to disease severity. Unraveling the specificity of early circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains is important in elucidating the origin of the pandemic.
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Induces Natural Killer Cell Exhaustion through Inhibition of the PI3K-AKT Pathway
Authors: Zhao Xiang-Yu , Liu Xue-Fei , Liu Long , Yu Xing-Xing , Fan Ze-Ying , Shang Qian-Nan , Chang Yingjun , Zhao Xiao-Su , Wang Yu , Xu Lan-Ping , Zhang Xiao hui , Liu Kai-Yan , Huang Xiaojun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell exhaustion is associated with a poor prognosis in persistent infection and cancer. Determination and understanding of the mechanism of NK cell exhaustion in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients may provide underlying principles for enhancing AML therapy. We investigated NK cell exhaustion in relapsed AML patients post allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) based on phenotypic, functional, and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses. Compared with those from the complete remission control (N=30) and healthy control (N=12) groups, NK cells from the relapsed group (N=30) were less mature, with a large CD56bright subset, high NKG2A expression, poor cytotoxicity, downregulation of the transcription factors Eomesodermin (EOMES) and T-bet, and cell cycle arrest in the G1 stage. NK cell exhaustion could be reversed once relapsed patients achieved remission. Furthermore, NK cells showed high NKG2A expression but normal cytotoxicity in minimal residual disease (MRD)-positive patients post allo-HSCT. Combined with in vitro and mouse model results, the data suggested that NK cell exhaustion was induced by persistent AML stimulation. Moreover, RNA-seq and western blot analyses showed that the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT inhibition in exhausted NK cells was induced by AML and that PI3K-AKT activators could reverse NK cell exhaustion in vitro. Consequently, our studies highlight that AML induces NK cell exhaustion through the PI3K-AKT pathway.
Patterns of sexual and HIV-related stigma among MSMW living with HIV in Haiti: Experiences, impact on mental health, and coping mechanisms
Authors: Dévieux Jessy G. , Vertovec John , Jean-Gilles Michèle , Rosenberg Rhonda , René Cassandra , Cyrus Elena , Jean Samuel Emieux , Dunbar Willy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Vulnerability to contracting HIV among Men who have Sex with Men and Women (MSMW) was recognized early in the epidemic. However, while global HIV efforts have made tremendous progress for the general population, the specific needs of MSMW were not directly addressed with tailored and context-adapted interventions. The purpose of this study was to inform this area of research by exploring patterns of stigma through sexual identity developmental history as well as coping mechanisms among MSMW living with HIV in Haiti. A qualitative descriptive study comprised of in-depth interviews with 32 MSMW living with HIV was carried out. Participants were recruited using snowball techniques. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted in NVivo, guided by the socio-ecological context of Haiti. MSMW reported struggling with their sexuality since their adolescence, often because of enacted stigma from family members, the community, and cultural conflicts. Most participants described experiencing anxiety, psychological distress, depression, social isolation, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Mechanisms for coping with stigma included self-acceptance, social support, hiding their sexual orientation, and tolerance of the voodoo religion. To combat stigma, and improve HIV treatment adherence and retention among MSMW, culturally-tailored multilevel initiatives should be implemented, including cognitive-behavioral interventions to reduce self-blame and shame while improving social support and linkage to supportive organizations and social networks.
Public clay pot waters: a hidden risk for diarrheal diseases transmission in a cholera endemic area of Cameroon
Authors: Djaouda Moussa , Nougang Mireille Ebiane , Ldingté Jean Dékouché , Thélé Frédérique Demgodéré , Bouba Roméo Wakayansam , Dawaye Daniel Amani , Togouet Serge Hubert Zébazé , Liang Song , Nola Moïse 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Maroua, the capital of Far North Cameroon, is frequently affected by outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Waters stored through public clay pots are common in the city and provided voluntarily by individuals for drinking and ablution. Yet, such service through the clay pots and the stored water lacks management and surveillance. If contaminated, such water may pose infection and transmission risks of waterborne diseases among the population. The water quality of 95 randomly selected public clay pots was assessed through isolation and count of Total Coliforms (TCs) and Escherichia coli. Also analyzed was the bacteriological quality of the water source (borehole or tap) for comparison. For each clay pot, physical characteristics and management information were documented and potential sources of contamination were identified. Results showed that the concentration of TCs ranged from 0 CFU/100 mL in tap water to 160 CFU/100 mL in borehole water. The concentrations of E. coli varied from 0 CFU/100 mL in tap water to 2 CFU/100 mL in borehole water. Depending on the source of water supply and the neighborhood, the concentrations of total coliforms increased significantly in clay pots during water storage in most neighborhoods (P<0.05). Poor management and hygiene were responsible for water contamination.
Proteomics and Phosphoprotoemic Measurements Enhance Ability to Predict Ex Vivo Drug Response in AML
Authors: Gosline Sara , Tognon Cristina , Nestor Michael , Joshi Sunil , Modak Rucha , Damnernsawad Alisa , Posso Camilo , Moon Jamie , Hansen Joshua R. , Hutchinson-Bunch Chelsea , Pino James C , Gritsenko Marina A. , Weitz Karl K. , Traer Elie , Tyner Jeffrey , Druker Brian , Agarwal Anupriya , Piehowski Paul , McDermott Jason E. , Rodland Karin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) affects 20,000 patients in the US annually with a five-year survival rate of approximately 25%. One reason for the low survival rate is the high prevalence of clonal evolution that gives rise to heterogeneous sub-populations of leukemic cells with diverse mutation spectra, which eventually leads to disease relapse. This genetic heterogeneity drives the activation of complex signaling pathways that is reflected at the protein level. This diversity makes it difficult to treat AML with targeted therapy, requiring custom patient treatment protocols tailored to each individual’s leukemia. Toward this end, the Beat AML research program prospectively collected genomic and transcriptomic data from over 1000 AML patients and carried out ex vivo drug sensitivity assays to identify genomic signatures that could predict patient-specific drug responses. However, there are inherent weaknesses in using only genetic and transcriptomic measurements as surrogates of drug response, particularly the absence of direct information about phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction. As a member of the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, we have extended the molecular characterization of this cohort by collecting proteomic and phosphoproteomic measurements from a subset of these patient samples to evaluate the hypothesis that proteomic signatures can improve the ability to predict drug response in AML patients. In this work we describe our systematic, multi-omic approach to evaluate proteomic signatures of drug response and compare protein levels to other markers of drug response such as mutational patterns. We explore the nuances of this approach using two drugs that target key pathways activated in AML: quizartinib (FLT3) and trametinib (Ras/MEK), and show how patient-derived signatures can be interpreted biologically and validated in cell lines. In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrates strong promise for proteomics-based patient stratification to assess drug sensitivity in AML.
A novel AAV1 variant for transduction of Japanese quail neurons in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Berlin Shai , Zoabi Shaden , Andreyanov Michael , Heinrich Ronit , Ron Shaked , Carmi Ido , Gutfreund Yoram 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The widespread use of rodents in neuroscience has prompted the development of optimized viral variants for transduction of brain cells, in vivo. However, many of the viruses developed are less efficient in other model organisms, with birds being among the most resistant to infection by current viral tools. Resultantly, the use of genetically-encoded tools and methods in avian species is scarce; markedly holding the field back. We sought to bridge this gap by developing custom viruses towards the transduction of brain cells of the Japanese quail. We first develop a unique protocol for culturing primary neurons and glia from quail embryos, followed by characterization of cultures via immunostaining, single cell mRNA sequencing and patch clamp electrophysiology. We then leverage the cultures for the rapid screening of various viruses, only to find that all yielded very poor to no infection of cells in vitro. However, few infected neurons were obtained by AAV1 and AAV2. Scrutiny of the sequence of the AAV receptor found in quail led us to rationally design novel AAV variants, with one variant (AAV1-T593K; AAV1*) showing improved transduction efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Together, we present a novel culturing method, unique transcriptome profiles of quail’s brain cells and a custom-tailored AAV1 for transduction of quail neurons in vitro and in vivo.
Traditional Psychological Assessment during COVID-19: Ethical Violations and Problems in Practice
Authors: çelik samet 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The problems experienced by the psychologists while conducting psychological assessment during the COVID-19 era and the individual solutions offered for those problems have been examined within this study by taking into consideration the ethical principles. 50 participants working actively during the COVID-19 era have been reached out within the scope of the study. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with all participants through online platforms. Then, the contents of the recorded interviews have been analyzed. Upon evaluating the findings of the research, it has been found out that in the COVID-19 era participants mostly had problems regarding the application of the tests (such as ignoring the standard application instructions). Then, it has been found that the application malpractices resulted due to anxiety and the fear related to COVID-19 (such as trying to end the assessment soon and quickly). It is believed that this study can be a guideway for the challenges faced during the COVID-19 era by psychiatric care personnel conducting psychological assessment.
Low reporting of adverse events following immunization, during a Measles-Rubella catchup and Polio mass vaccination campaign in Uganda; 2019
Authors: Nsubuga Fred , Alfred Driwale , Gyasi Samuel Ofori , Ampeire Immaculate , Kabwama Steven Ndugwa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Vaccine safety surveillance is increasingly becoming a critical area in national immunisation programs. Uganda conducted a Measles-Rubella catch-up and Polio mass vaccination campaign between 16 and 20 October 2019. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the adverse events following immunisation reported following this campaign to inform policy updates. The target age-group for the campaign was children aged 9 months to 14 completed years, while the target age-group for polio campaign was 0-59 months. We conducted active search for the serious adverse event following immunisation that were reported.
Results

Among the 19,241,348 persons vaccinated during the Measles-Rubella catch-up and Polio mass campaign, 10,612,278 (55%) received MR vaccine alone; while 8,629,070 (45%) received either bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) alone or MR and bOPV for children 9 to 59 months. The mean age of the children was 8.3 years, range 0.5-14years, including 68 (47%) boys, 64 (44%) girls and 13 (9%) missing sex classification. The serious adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) included; toxic epidermal necrolysis 3 (2.1%), Steven Johnson syndrome 2 (1.4%), severe anemia 2 (1.4%), febrile illness 1 (0.7%), sudden respiratory failure 1 (0.7%), bullous impetigo 1 (0.7%) and injection abscess 19 (13%).
Conclusion

AEFI reporting in Uganda is low, and concerted efforts need to be undertaken to create community awareness about the importance of reporting. Additionally, the health care systems should be strengthened to efficiently investigate all potential signals that led to quality causality assessment of serious and other AEFI of public health concern so as to provide correct information to the community and prevent false association of vaccines and or vaccination to incorrect signals, and build a resilient immunisation program that is trusted by the community.
Mapping QTLs for physiological traits associated with grain yield under timely and delayed sown conditions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: pankaj yaswant kumar , Kumar Rajeev , Gill Kulvinder Singh , Nagarajan Ragupathi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Twenty-one quantitative trait loci were discovered across six environments, including three (NS), seven (LS), and eleven (VLS) conditions. The linkage groups 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 4A, 6A, 6B, and 7D spanned QTLs. For CT, a stable QTL (Qct_rpcau_4A) in the environment E6 has shown a PVE up to 17.85%. The QTL, Qspad_rpcau_2D was found to be stable for SPAD value, explaining the PVE of 15.05%.Whereas, three stable QTLs viz. Qgy_rpcau_3B, Qgy_rpcau_4A and Qgy_rpcau_6A were associated with the chromosomes 3B, 4A and 6B explaining a PVE of 20.85%, 17.43% and 17.37% respectively for the trait GY. The interaction of genotype and environment has been shown to be useful in determining the best lines for heat stressed environments. In addition, G X E analysis was performed on the population. In the ranking of genotypes for both mean yield and mean Vs. stability, GGE biplot across the six environments, DH 146, 195, 60, 202, 65, 155, 124, 5, 201, 169, 15, and 170 were ranked closest to ideal and winning genotype; these were highly adapted and most stable lines. The goal of the current investigation was to find the best suitable double haploid lines which can withstand heat-stress and to find those QTLs which are influential to heat stress for the studied traits.
Identification of fungal dihydrouracil-oxidase genes by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bouwknegt Jonna , Vos Aurin M. , Merino Raúl A. Ortiz , Cuylenburg Daphne C. van , Luttik Marijke A. H. , Pronk Jack T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Analysis of predicted fungal proteomes revealed a large family of sequences that showed similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Class-I dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Ura1, which supports synthesis of pyrimidines under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. However, expression of codon-optimised representatives of this gene family, from the ascomycete Alternaria alternata and the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, only supported growth of an S. cerevisiae ura1Δ mutant when synthetic media were supplemented with dihydrouracil. A hypothesis that these genes encode NAD(P)+-dependent dihydrouracil dehydrogenases (EC 1.3.1.1 or 1.3.1.2) was rejected based on absence of complementation in anaerobic cultures. Uracil- and thymine-dependent oxygen consumption and hydrogen-peroxide production by cell extracts of S. cerevisiae strains expressing the A. alternata and S. commune genes showed that, instead, they encode active dihydrouracil oxidases (DHO, EC1.3.3.7). DHO catalyses the reaction dihydrouracil + O2 → uracil + H2O2 and was only reported in the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. No structural gene for DHO was previously identified. DHO-expressing strains were highly sensitive to 5-fluoro-dihydrouracil (5F-dhu) and plasmids bearing expression cassettes for DHO were readily lost during growth on 5F-dhu-containing media. These results show the potential applicability of fungal DHO genes as counter-selectable marker genes for genetic modification of S. cerevisiae and other organisms that lack a native DHO. Further research should explore the physiological significance of this enigmatic and apparently widespread fungal enzyme.
Differential metabolic risk factors of early nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in male adolescents with obesity and non-obesity prior to adulthood
Authors: Kado Akira , Inoue Yukiko , Moriya Kyoji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: As is the case for metabolic syndrome, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescents is increasing worldwide; however, few studies have assessed metabolic differences of NAFLD between adolescents with obesity and non-obesity. Our aim was to assess metabolic risk factors of NAFLD in male adolescents with obesity and non-obesity.Methods: A total of 108 male university students (body mass index, BMI < 23, n = 24; BMI 23–24.9, n = 39; BMI ≥ 25, n = 45) who underwent the first-year health checkup were enrolled, and diagnosed with NAFLD or non-NAFLD using the abdominal ultrasonography (AUS). The relationship between NAFLD and metabolic parameters was examined based on BMI and AUS scores.Results: Metabolic parameters including hypertension, abdominal fat, liver damage, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance were significantly increased in students with obesity (BMI ≥ 25) compared to students with non-obesity (BMI < 25), and these parameters positively correlated with BMI. AUS scores positively correlated with BMI, and metabolic parameters of NAFLD were influenced by BMI. Therefore, the parameters of NAFLD in adolescents with obesity and non-obesity were separately examined. In univariate and multivariate analyses, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was significantly increased in adolescents with obese NAFLD, and the fatty liver index (FLI) and consumption of soft drinks were higher in adolescents with non-obese NAFLD.Conclusions: The metabolic risk factors of male adolescents with obese and non-obese NAFLD differ. Our findings suggest that male adolescents with obesity and non-obesity must be separately investigated when identifying adolescent NAFLD.
Analysis on the Spatial and Temporal Differences of AEE and Its Potential Improvement in China Based on Strong Disposability
Authors: SHI Dong-Mei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE) emphasizes the unification of agriculture production efficiency and environmental benefits. It is an important indicator to measure agriculture's high-quality and sustainable development. Therefore, improving agricultural ecological efficiency is the key to achieving high-quality and sustainable agricultural development. The work uses the EBM-Super-ML method with strong disposability of undesired output to calculate the AEE and further in-depth the spatial-temporal differences driving factors and promotion potential of AEE. The result shows that the overall average value of China's AEE is increasing and has substantial regional heterogeneity. From the analysis of the improvement potential of agricultural ecological efficiency, the mean value of output inefficiency is 0.05, and input inefficiency is 0.07. Among the undesired output, the emission reduction ratio of the agricultural film can reach up to 40%. Among the input elements, the potential for intensive use of labor input is the largest, the average value in the eastern region is relatively high. The input intensity coefficient of agricultural machinery is negative, so the utilization rate of machinery and equipment should be increased. Based on this, the paper put forward some policy recommendations to improve agriculture's high-quality, sustainable development and the AEE.