bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response assessment in pediatric craniopharyngioma: recommendations from the Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) Working Group
Authors: Hoffman Lindsey M , Jaimes Camilo , Mankad Kshitij , Mirsky David M , Tamrazi Benita , Tinkle Christopher L , Kline Cassie , Ramasubramanian Aparna , Malbari Fatema , Mangum Ross , Lindsay Holly , Horne Vincent , Daniels David J , Keole Sameer , Grosshans David R , Young Poussaint Tina , Packer Roger , Cavalheiro Sergio , Bison Brigitte , Hankinson Todd C , Müller Hermann L , Bartels Ute , Warren Katherine E , Chintagumpala Murali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCraniopharyngioma is a histologically benign tumor of the suprasellar region for which survival is excellent but quality of life is often poor secondary to functional deficits from tumor and treatment. Standard therapy consists of maximal safe resection with or without radiation therapy. Few prospective trials have been performed, and response assessment has not been standardized.MethodsThe Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) committee devised consensus guidelines to assess craniopharyngioma response prospectively.ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging is the recommended radiologic modality for baseline and follow-up assessments. Radiologic response is defined by 2-dimensional measurements of both solid and cystic tumor components. In certain clinical contexts, response to solid and cystic disease may be differentially considered based on their unique natural histories and responses to treatment. Importantly, the committee incorporated functional endpoints related to neuro-endocrine and visual assessments into craniopharyngioma response definitions. In most circumstances, the cystic disease should be considered progressive only if growth is associated with acute, new-onset or progressive functional impairment.ConclusionsCraniopharyngioma is a common pediatric central nervous system tumor for which standardized response parameters have not been defined. A RAPNO committee devised guidelines for craniopharyngioma assessment to uniformly define response in future prospective trials.
Review of 20 years of adult medulloblastoma treatment: Chemotherapy prescription trends and survival
Authors: Sherwood Marissa , Climans Seth , Ramos Ronald , Laperriere Normand J , Gao Andrew F , Millar Barbara-Ann , Shultz David B , Tsang Derek S , Mason Warren P 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe historic standard of care for adult medulloblastoma has been considered surgery and radiation, while chemotherapy is increasingly being prescribed. This study reviewed 20-year chemotherapy trends at a high-volume center, as well as overall and progression free-survival.MethodsAdults with medulloblastoma treated at an academic center from January 1, 1999 to –December 31, 2020 were reviewed. Patient baseline data were summarized and Kaplan–Meier estimators were used for survival.ResultsForty-nine patients were included; median age was 30 years and male: female ratio was 2:1. Desmoplastic and classical histologies were most common. Of all patients, 23 (47%) were high risk and 7 (14%) metastatic at diagnosis. Only 10 (20%) received initial chemotherapy, of which 70% were high risk and 30% metastatic, with most treated from 2010 to 2020. Forty percent of initial chemotherapy patients received salvage chemotherapy for recurrence or metastases (of all patients, 49% required salvage). Initial chemotherapy regimens were mainly cisplatin/lomustine/vincristine, and at recurrence cisplatin/etoposide. Median overall survival was 8.6 years (95% CI 7.5–∞), with 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival at 95.8%, 72%, and 46.7%. Median overall survival for those who did not receive initial chemotherapy was 12.4 years and 7.4 years for those who did (P-value .2).ConclusionsTwenty years of adult medulloblastoma treatment was reviewed. Initial chemotherapy patients, most of whom were high risk, trended towards worse survival, but this was nonsignificant. The ideal timing and choice of chemotherapy for adult medulloblastoma is unknown—challenges of administering chemotherapy following photon craniospinal irradiation may have prevented it from becoming routine.
Effects of Purchase Restrictions on Smoking During Pregnancy: An Analysis of U.S. Birth Records
Authors: Tennekoon Vidhura S B W 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn December 2019, the minimum legal sales age (MLSA) for tobacco products in the United States was raised from 18 to 21 years as a measure of preventing smoking initiation. Smoking during pregnancy, which causes maternal, fetal, and infant morbidity and mortality, is a major public health concern. We first study the effects of purchase restrictions on smoking during different stages of pregnancy covering the entire United States and using the records of all live births during 2014–2018 by birthing people aged 18–21 years.Aims and MethodsOur identification strategy utilizes the variation in the MLSA of tobacco products over time and across counties in the United States during 2014–2018 using a two-way fixed effects model, modified to accommodate a partially observable treatment indicator.ResultsThe results show that 37.4% of potential smokers in our study population would have been prevented from smoking before pregnancy, 50.5% during the first trimester, 53.4% during the second trimester, and 14.8% during the third trimester if the law prevented selling tobacco products to them in the locality they live. A purchase restriction is estimated to cause the smoking intensity of those who smoke, the intensive margin, to drop by 5.4% before pregnancy, 10.4% during the first trimester, 14.8% during the second trimester, and 5.2% during the third trimester.ConclusionsOur results show that purchase restrictions are highly effective in preventing smoking among birthing people in the 18–21 years age group. The effect on smoking prevalence during the first and second trimesters is more pronounced.ImplicationsMany countries around the world have recently tightened age-based purchase restriction policies as a tobacco control measure. We first study the effects of purchase restrictions on smoking during different stages of pregnancy using the birth records of all pregnancies in the United States by birthing people aged 18–21 years during 2014–2018. The study utilizes the variation in the MLSA of tobacco products over time and across counties during that period. Our results show that purchase restrictions are highly effective in preventing smoking among birthing people in the 18–21 years age group.
Prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Delta Variant Shedding in a Patient With AIDS: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Peters Jillian L , Fall Amary , Langerman Steven D , El Asmar Margueritta , Nakazawa Mari , Mustapha Aishat , Tobian Aaron A R , Mostafa Heba H , Blankson Joel N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We describe the case of a patient with AIDS who had persistent infection with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant for &gt;80 days. The variant contained mutations that were not present in other Delta viruses in our hospital. Prolonged infection in immunosuppressed individuals may lead to evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis Among Young Israeli Adults
Authors: Sofer-Sali Noa , Roif-Kaminsky Diana , Motro Yair , Khalfin Boris , Avramovich Eva , Galor Inbal , Shlaifer Amir , Sommer Adir , Rutenberg Ran , Sachter Yacov , Yitzhak Avraham , Grupel Daniel , Moran-Gilad Jacob 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
No updated data currently exist regarding Neisseria meningitidis carriage and genomic epidemiology among young Israeli adults.

Methods
Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 1801 military recruits on the day of recruitment during 2019. Neisseria meningitidis was detected and identified by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Confirmed isolates were serotyped by qPCR, and encapsulated strains underwent whole-genome sequencing. Risk factors for carriage were determined by analyzing focused questionnaires using uni- and multivariate models. Genomic typing was performed by means of core genome multilocus sequence typing.

Results
Carriage rates overall and of encapsulated strains were 20.1% and 6.7%, respectively. Genogroups B (49.2%) and Y (26.7%) were the most commonly encapsulated strains. Genogroups C, W, and X were scarce, and genogroup A was absent. The most notable clonal complexes (CCs) were CC23 (n = 30), CC32 (n = 16), and CC44/41 (n = 9). Carriage was significantly associated with smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.82; 95% CI, 1.43–2.33) and boarding school attendance before recruitment (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.14–1.96).

Conclusions
The prevalence of meningococcal carriage among young Israeli adults is high, compared with similar studies in other developed countries. This might be due to sociocultural characteristics including smoking and boarding school attendance during and after high school. The dominant genogroups and CCs found were compatible with those implicated in invasive disease in Israel.
Talazoparib, a Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor, for Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer and DNA Damage Response Alterations: TALAPRO-1 Safety Analyses
Authors: Mehra Niven , Fizazi Karim , de Bono Johann S , Barthélémy Philippe , Dorff Tanya , Stirling Adam , Machiels Jean-Pascal , Bimbatti Davide , Kilari Deepak , Dumez Herlinde , Buttigliero Consuelo , van Oort Inge M , Castro Elena , Chen Hsiang-Chun , Di Santo Nicola , DeAnnuntis Liza , Healy Cynthia G , Scagliotti Giorgio V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The phase II TALAPRO-1 study (NCT03148795) demonstrated durable antitumor activity in men with heavily pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we detail the safety profile of talazoparib.

Patients and Methods
Men received talazoparib 1 mg/day (moderate renal impairment 0.75 mg/day) orally until radiographic progression, unacceptable toxicity, investigator decision, consent withdrawal, or death. Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated: incidence, severity, timing, duration, potential overlap of selected AEs, dose modifications/discontinuations due to AEs, and new clinically significant changes in laboratory values and vital signs.

Results
In the safety population (N = 127; median age 69.0 years), 95.3% (121/127) experienced all-cause treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Most common were anemia (48.8% [62/127]), nausea (33.1% [42/127]), decreased appetite (28.3% [36/127]), and asthenia (23.6% [30/127]). Nonhematologic TEAEs were generally grades 1 and 2. No grade 5 TEAEs or deaths were treatment-related. Hematologic TEAEs typically occurred during the first 4-5 months of treatment. The median duration of grade 3-4 anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia was limited to 7-12 days. No grade 4 events of anemia or neutropenia occurred. Neither BRCA status nor alteration origin significantly impacted the safety profile. The median (range) treatment duration was 6.1 (0.4-24.9) months; treatment duration did not impact the incidence of anemia. Only 3 of the 15 (11.8% [15/127]) permanent treatment discontinuations were due to hematologic TEAEs (thrombocytopenia 1.6% [2/127]; leukopenia 0.8% [1/127]).

Conclusion
Common TEAEs associated with talazoparib could be managed through dose modifications/supportive care. Demonstrated efficacy and a manageable safety profile support continued evaluation of talazoparib in mCRPC.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT03148795
Introduction
Authors: Walls Jerry L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although “Christ” has come to be used as a name, it was originally a title that means “messiah.” Christian faith is thus messianic faith, faith in a savior who has come to deliver us and set up his kingdom. Contrary to Jewish expectations, Christians proclaim that the Messiah has died and that his shameful death is the very means to our salvation and deliverance. The salvation that Christ achieved is holistic in nature and as such is eschatological in its ultimate dimensions. Eschatology is the study of the final end of things, the ultimate resolution of the entire creation. While the main focus of this book is Christian eschatology, it also has a section devoted to eschatology in world religions. This book explores eschatology in the Old Testament as well as the rationalization of violence in new religious eschatologies, eschatology of the New Testament church, liberation theology, ecumenism, resurrection, and politics.
Millennialism
Authors: Weber Timothy P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Millennialism is the belief that there will be a period of peace and righteousness on the earth associated with the Second Coming of Christ. Millennialism has taken various forms and been embraced with varying degrees of intensity throughout the history of Christianity. Millennialists cite Old Testament passages that describe a “peaceable kingdom” in which all God's covenantal promises are fulfilled, human society is transformed, and a new covenant is written on human hearts. The Book of Revelation contains both apocalyptic and prophetic elements, which complicates interpretation even more. Most early Christians struggled to make sense of it, as can be seen in the early church's difficulty in recognizing the book's canonical status. Over time, four ways of interpreting Revelation emerged: preterism, historicism, futurism, and idealism. There are two kinds of millennialism: premillennialism and postmillennialism. This article discusses millennialism and the history of millennial movements (the early church, the Middle Ages, the Protestant Reformation, and the modern period), as well as amillennialism as an alternative to millennialism.
Heaven
Authors: Walls Jerry L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the most basic and existentially engaging of all questions is the question of what level of happiness and fulfillment is possible for human beings. Theism in general, and Christianity in particular, has returned the answer that the possibilities are beyond our deepest dreams and wildest imaginings. If the hope of heaven is a function of belief in God, then how heaven is conceived accordingly will be shaped by how God is understood. In light of this point, it is important to emphasize that the Christian view of God makes distinctive claims that go beyond generic theism. In particular, the doctrine of the Trinity provides rich resources for articulating the idea of a personal God whose very nature is love. This article examines differing conceptions of heaven, including the views of Alister McGrath, Colleen McDannell, Bernhard Lang, and Thomas Aquinas. It also discusses grace, freedom, exclusion, and inclusion as well as the doctrine of eternal hell, boredom in heaven, and heaven as a moral source.
Annihilationism
Authors: Pinnock Clark H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In Christian theology, annihilationism designates the views of those who hold that the finally impenitent wicked will cease to exist after (or soon after) the last judgment. Annihilation is a term designating theories which contend that human beings may pass or be put out of existence altogether. The theories fall into three classes: pure mortality, conditional immortality, and annihilation proper. Alongside the large number of texts that depict hell as a place of death and destruction, there is some countertestimony too. There are three texts in particular, one in the Gospel of Matthew and two in the Book of Revelation, which need comment because they are cited as proof texts of the traditional opinion. Scripture aside, belief in the nature of hell as everlasting conscious punishing remains solidly traditional, which means that the burden of proof rests on the shoulders of the reformers in this matter.
Ethics and Eschatology
Authors: Stackhouse Max L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eschatology is recognized as a decisive influence in the understandings of personal and social morality. The ethic conserves traditional patterns of the common life, although that is now being altered by the rapid growth of Christianity in Africa and other tribal regions. Similar primal motifs are present also in both Confucianism and Hinduism, while Buddhism seeks a state of consciousness of “nothingness” that evokes an ultimate bliss, beyond the illusions of external existence. Islam also calls for an asceticism, but of a quite different kind. It calls for a radical obedience to the commands of Allah. For all their differences, all of these religions seem to believe in a moral logic governing time and eternity whereby dutiful and virtuous actions in life are rewarded, and neglectful or vicious ones are punished—partially in this life, but ultimately in a state of existence beyond it. This article examines Christian ethics and eschatology as well as resurrection, the kingdom, and the new Jerusalem.
Cosmology and Eschatology
Authors: Russell Robert John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In traditional Christianity, eschatology was treated quite literally, limited to the topic of last things (general resurrection, last judgment, heaven and hell, the end of the world, etc.) and consigned to the end of dogmatics. Beginning with the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, eschatology was frequently reinterpreted in terms of philosophical, ethical, social, political, economic, and historical categories with little attention to traditional issues. In 1906, however, with Albert Schweitzer's stunning work The Quest of the Historical Jesus, eschatology was exposed as foundational to Jesus's understanding of his mission and to early Christian faith and praxis. This article explores the relation between eschatology and scientific cosmology. It begins by summarizing the importance of eschatology to contemporary Christian theology. It then provides an overview of scientific cosmology, whose predictions of “freeze or fry” severely challenge those versions of Christian eschatology which are based on the bodily resurrection of Jesus and the transformation of the universe into the new creation. The article outlines several recent approaches to this challenge and offers some suggestions for future research in both theology and science.
Near-Death Experiences
Authors: Zaleski Carol 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 1969, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross published On Death and Dying, a manifesto calling for reforms in end-of-life care and translating into a psychological idiom the ancient religious idea of dying as a peregrinatio animae, a pilgrimage of the soul from this world to the next. In 1975, Raymond Moody published a slim book, Life after Life, that introduced the now-ubiquitous expression “near-death experience” and opened a new era in the modern search for intimations of human immortality. Coming after the unraveling of the spiritualist movement, and at the high-water mark of the death awareness movement, Life after Life offered a less outré approach to the mysteries of the spirit world. This article examines the debates about near-death experience, focusing on popular narratives and near-death studies. It also discusses critical perspectives about the subject as well as cultural differences and interpretations of near-death testimony. It then looks at the near-death experience of a skeptic, A. J. Ayer, and that of a Roman Catholic priest, Richard John Neuhaus.
Health Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Youths in Custody: The Significant Contribution of Sexual Abuse
Authors: Ratnani Y , Hébert M , Robichaud M , Duchesne M , Frappier J-Y , Villemaire-Krajden R , Bergeron S , Lambert Y , Chartrand R , Mcduff P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests a graded relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and unfavorable health outcomes as early as in the teenage years. Youths under the welfare protection system represent an especially vulnerable group - presenting traumatic personal trajectory while cumulating family related-risk factors. Among early life adversities, specific experience might have a greatest contribution on the long-term health-risk.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the contribution of sexual abuse as compare to other ACEs on different health issues in adolescent under court custody.
DESIGN/METHODS: This is a secondary analysis from a cross-sectional health evaluation study of youths in custodial facilities (2011-13). A total of 315 teenagers 14-17 y.o. (134 girls, 181 boys) completed a self-reported questionnaire about their health status and were then evaluated by a nurse/ doctor using a comprehensive standardized data collection checklist. We identified 8 ACEs: (1) single family; (2) violent death of family member; family history of (3) incarceration, (4) mental health issues, (5) substance abuse; personal history of (6) intrafamilial or (7) extrafamilial physical abuse; personal history of (8) sexual abuse. Multiple and logistic regression were performed between the ACEs and a number of relevant variables.
RESULTS: A personal history of sexual abuse was the most consistant ACE predicting negative health outcomes including perceived health status (R2=0.04; p=0.05), number of health problems identified / acute or chronic (p=0.00), psychosomatic complaints (R2=0.12; p=0.00), sleeping problems (OR=2.8; p=0.005), medication (OR=3.5; p=0.01). This trauma was also the most important factor for high-risk sexuality items evaluated: number of sexuality-related problems in girls (R2=0.15; p=0.00), vaginal sex before 13 y.o. (OR=1.8; p=0.48), number of partners (R2=0.04; p=0.03), sex work (OR=9.6; p=0.00), fear of STI (OR=3.2; p=0.001), as it was for mental health issues: mental health disorders (OR=4.3; p=0.00), suicidal ideation (OR=4.0; p=0.00), suicidal attempt (OR=3.6; p=0.00), self-inflicting injuries (R2=0.12 ; p = 0.01), depression (R2=0.08 ; p=0.00), low self-esteem (R2=0.07; p=0.00) and overdose (OR=2.1; p=0.02).
CONCLUSION: Among ACEs, a personal history of sexual abuse seems to be the most contributing factor for significant health outcomes. Some traumatic or adverse childhood events have a greater burden on subsequent health-risk. A simple question could help identified those at higher risk and higher needs for health services in teens under custody.