bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal reinnervation using the spinal accessory nerve: Electromyographic study of the sternomandibularis muscle
Authors: Campos Schweitzer Ariane , Mespoulhès‐Rivière Céline , Möller Dirk , Ducharme Norm , Genton Martin , Farfan Maëlle , Rossignol Fabrice 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelective laryngeal reinnervation using the first and second cervical nerve (C1C2) is a treatment option for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy that aims to restore the function of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) muscle. Despite the technique's satisfying success rate, it has several limitations. These triggered the search for another potential donor nerve that could reduce CAD muscle fatigue and shorten rehabilitation. The ventral branch of the spinal accessory nerve, providing motor innervation to the sternomandibularis (SM) muscle, was identified as a potentially well‐adapted nerve.ObjectivesTo gather normative data from SM muscle activity induced by physiological spinal accessory nerve stimulation at rest and during exercise, and to determine SM muscle activity and fibre type recruitment relative to posture, gait and respiratory cycle.Study designClinical observational study.MethodsSurface electromyography (EMG) of the SM muscle was performed in nine horses: trained warmbloods, Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. Signals were recorded in different feeding postures and at exercise, which included standardised treadmill exercise tests, lungeing and ridden work.ResultsTiming of the SM muscle contraction coincided with inspiration at gallop. Intra‐individual mean SM muscle activity increased with exercising speed (four times higher in Thoroughbreds at gallop than walk and seven times higher in Standardbreds at high‐speed trot than walk). Moreover, the SM muscle was strongly activated at rest when the horse was grazing (seven times more than when it was eating out of a hay net or stable feeder). Frequency domain analysis revealed a predominant type I muscle fibre recruitment during feeding and at exercise (type I muscle fibre activity was at least 2.5 times higher than type II muscle fibre activity).Main limitationsLack of reference data on equine EMG.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the potentially advantageous properties of the spinal accessory nerve for laryngeal reinnervation.
Fatigue life prediction in presence of mean stresses using domain knowledge‐integrated ensemble of extreme learning machines
Authors: Gan Lei , Wu Hao , Zhong Zheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn accurate and stable data‐driven model is proposed in this work for fatigue life prediction in presence of mean stresses. Multiple independent extreme learning machines are integrated into the model with distinct neural network configurations to simulate the complex correlations among mean stress levels, material properties, and fatigue lives. Meanwhile, the theoretical prediction, as a representation of domain knowledge, is used to optimize the data‐driven processes of model training and prediction. Extensive experimental data of 13 metallic materials with different mean stress levels are collected from the open literatures for model training and evaluation. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can achieve high accuracy and good stability in fatigue life prediction under mean stress loading conditions, even with a small training dataset, showing great applicability for fatigue life prediction.
Crystal‐clear days and unclear days in migraine: A population‐based study
Authors: Lee Wonwoo , Cho Soo‐Jin , Hwang Heewon , Lee Myeongjee , Kim Eun Hwa , Kim Kyung Min , Heo Kyoung , Chu Min Kyung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate crystal‐clear days and unclear days in participants with migraine.BackgroundMigraine affects individuals during the headache‐free period. Therefore, headache‐free days do not indicate migraine symptom‐free days. Crystal‐clear days can be characterized by days without headache and having minimal or no migraine symptoms. In contrast, days without headache, but with more than minimal migraine symptoms, can be defined as unclear days.MethodsWe used the baseline respondent data set of the Circannual Change in Headache and Sleep study, a nationwide population survey on headache and sleep. This study was a cross‐sectional and case–control analysis of longitudinally collected data. The number of crystal‐clear days per 30 days was assessed by asking “How many days have you had crystal‐clear days without headache during the previous 30 days?”. We defined headache‐free, but not crystal‐clear days, as unclear days. The number of unclear days per 30 days was calculated as follows: 30 – the number of headache days per 30 days – the number of crystal‐clear days per 30 days.ResultsOf 170 participants with migraine, 165 (97.1%) had unclear days. The numbers of crystal‐clear days (median [interquartile range] 20.0 [15.0–25.0] vs. 25.0 [20.0–29.0], p < 0.001) and unclears days (4.0 [0.0–8.0] vs. 1.0 [0.0–7.0], p < 0.001) per 30 days in participants with migraine were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than in those with non‐migraine headache. Headache days (incident rate ratio and 95% confidence interval, 0.94 [0.90–0.97], p < 0.001) and weekly average sleep duration (0.95 [0.91–1.00], p = 0.035) were significant factors for crystal‐clear days.ConclusionsThe number of crystal‐clear days were different from that of headache‐free days. Almost all participants with migraine had unclear days. Our findings will facilitate understanding the symptoms and burden of migraine.
Frequency of null genotypes of glutathione S‐transferase M1 and T1 in Japanese patients with drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Maeda Kazuya , Takikawa Hajime , Aiso Mitsuhiko , Tsuji Kenji , Kagawa Tatehiro , Watanabe Masaaki , Sato Ken , Sakisaka Shotaro , Hiasa Yoichi , Takei Yoshiyuki , Ohira Hiromasa , Hashimoto Etsuko , Ayada Minoru , Ikegami Tadashi , Arakawa Noriaki , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Saito Yoshiro , Sugiyama Yuichi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimPrevious reports suggest that the null genotype (*0/*0) of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) M1 and/or GSTT1 could be risk factors for drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). However, multi‐institutional pharmacogenetic research with various suspected drugs has rarely been performed in Japan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype in the occurrence of DILI in Japanese patients.MethodsBlood samples of 270 DILI patients from 23 hospitals throughout Japan collected between 2010 and 2018 were subjected to genotyping of null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 using the SmartAmp‐2 method. We also collected information on DILI types, time to onset of DILI, pharmacological classification of suspected drugs and Digestive Disease Week‐Japan score, as well as genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in each patient with DILI.ResultsThe distribution of a combination of null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in Japanese patients with DILI was significantly different from that reported in the general Japanese population. Notably, the incidence of the GSTM1 null genotype in patients with DILI was significantly higher than that of the control population. A significant relationship between the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and pharmacological classification of suspected drugs, clinical laboratory data for liver function, time to onset of DILI, and Digestive Disease Week‐Japan scores was not observed.ConclusionsThe GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased incidence of DILI in Japanese patients.
Effects of concentration of sodium hypochlorite as an endodontic irrigant on the mechanical and structural properties of root dentine: A laboratory study
Authors: Xu Haiping , Ye Zhou , Zhang Anqi , Lin Fei , Fu Jing , Fok Alex S. L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe use of high‐concentration sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as an endodontic irrigant remains controversial because of its potential impact on the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth. This study evaluated the effects of using different NaOCl concentrations, with 2‐min‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the final active irrigant, on the biomechanical and structural properties of root dentine.MethodologyA new test method, which is more clinically relevant, was utilized to calculate the fracture strength of root dentine. Bovine incisors were used to obtain root dentine discs. The root canals were enlarged to mean diameter of 2.90 mm with a taper of 0.06. The resulting discs were divided into five groups (n = 20) and treated with different concentrations of NaOCl (5.25%, 2.5%, and 1.3%) for 30 min plus 17% EDTA for 2 min. The discs were then loaded to fracture by a steel rod with the same taper through the central hole. The fractured specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate changes in the dimensions of the remaining intertubular dentine and the tubular radius. Micro‐hardness was also measured with a Knoop diamond indenter along a radius to determine the depth of dentine eroded by the irrigation. Results were analysed by one‐way anova and the Tukey test. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05.ResultsThe damage by NaOCl increased with its concentration. 5.25% NaOCl greatly reduced the fracture strength of root dentine from 172.10 ± 30.13 MPa to 114.58 ± 26.74 MPa. The corresponding reduction in micro‐hardness at the root canal wall was 34.1%. The damages reached a depth of up to 400 μm (p < .05). Structural changes involved the degradation of the intratubular wall leading to enlarged dentinal tubules and the loss of intertubular dentine. Changes in the microstructural parameters showed positive linear relationships with the fracture strength.ConclusionsWith the adjunctive use of EDTA, NaOCl caused destruction to the intratubular surface near the root canal and, consequently, reduced the root dentine's mechanical strength. The higher the concentration of NaOCl, the greater the effect. Therefore, endodontists should avoid using overly high concentration of NaOCl for irrigation to prevent potential root fracture in endodontically treated teeth.
Novel cobalt‐doped ZrSnO4 catalysts for direct nitrous oxide decomposition
Authors: Hu Dong‐Run , Nunotani Naoyoshi , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNovel ZrSn1−xCoxO4−δ catalysts for the direct decomposition of nitrous oxide (N2O) were synthesized using a co‐precipitation method. Metastable ZrSnO4 with an α‐PbO2‐type structure was used as the mother solid because of its interstitial open spaces derived from its lattice distortion that may be effective for N2O adsorption. The doping of Co2+/3+ into the ZrSnO4 lattice improved the N2O decomposition activity, likely owing to the enhancement of the redox properties and the increase in the number of oxygen vacancies. Among the prepared catalysts, Zr1.17Sn0.73Co0.10O4−δ exhibited the highest activity decomposing N2O completely decomposed at 550°C. In addition, the Zr1.17Sn0.73Co0.10O4−δ catalyst showed high durability in the presence of CO2, O2, and H2O vapor.
Assessing the yield, physicochemical, sensory characteristics, and acceptance of queso fresco added with whey cheese
Authors: Aguilar‐Raymundo Victoria Guadalupe , Ramírez‐Murillo Juan Ignacio , Barajas‐Ramírez Jahir Antonio 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn this work, the yield of queso fresco (QF) made in a laboratory after the addition of Whey Cheese (WC) at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g per 100 g raw milk was analysed. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics along with acceptance of laboratory made products were also compared with a commercially available product. Yield, moisture, and protein values increased as the level of WC in milk increased (P < 0.001). Colour in QF was whiter as the level of WC added to milk increased (P < 0.05). Cheeses made with 6 and 8 g WC per 100 g raw milk were softer than the rest of the samples but showed similar cohesiveness to the commercial QF. Sensory description provided by 120 consumers coincided with physicochemical parameters registered in QF and partly explained the consumers' preference for QF made with 6 g WC per 100 g raw milk and the commercial product.
Powder structure and gelation behaviour of debranched cassava starches prepared with and without incubation
Authors: Sari Putri Meutia , Uttapap Dudsadee , Wandee Yuree , Kotatha Ditpon , Udchumpisai Wascharin , Puttanlek Chureerat , Rungsardthong Vilai 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe effect of incubation after debranching on the powder structure and gelation behaviour of debranched cassava starch (DBCS) was investigated. The DBCS samples were prepared by debranching 10% (w/v) cassava starch with pullulanase at 55 °C for 24 h, then incubated at 4 °C for 0, 1, 4, 24 and 72 h and recovered by precipitation with ethanol. The unincubated DBCS appeared as small, sponge‐like aggregates with a rough surface, while the incubated DBCS powders were considerably larger, looked denser and had a smooth surface. The unincubated DBCS had an A + V‐type crystal structure, whereas incubated DBCS samples had a B‐type structure. Crystallinity of all DBCSs was 20–22%. The incubated DBCSs displayed a substantially lower gel setting time compared to the unincubated DBCS, that is, the gel setting time of 10% DBCSs cooked for 10 min reduced from 242 min to 47–52 min when kept at 25 °C. The difference of gel setting time was most likely related to the type of crystal formed as well as the difference in amorphous structure, as indicated by the content of the slowly digestible starch fraction.
Evaluation of the effects of amphiphilic compounds on oxygen solubility in bulk oil
Authors: Kim SeHyeok , Kim SungHwa , Oh Won Young , Lee YoonHee , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: July 2022

SummarySolubility or content of oxygen molecules in oil matrices could be a critical factor to determine oxidative stability in lipid‐rich products. In this study, a method to determine oxygen content in oil was developed by gas chromatograph with a thermal conductivity detector (GC‐TCD), and factors affecting oxygen solubility or oxygen content were evaluated in bulk oil. Validation parameters were confirmed for headspace oxygen molecules using a GC‐TCD. Oxygen gas was spiked into headspace of air‐tight 10‐mL vials with 70% sample content produced more reliable results on oxygen molecules for 6 h duration. The ratio of 7:3 (w/w) between sample content and headspace was selected considering precision and sensitivity. Addition of lecithin significantly decreased oxygen solubility in bulk oil, while monoacylglycerols did not show such decreasing effects. Medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT) had significantly high oxygen solubility compared to conventional edible oils partly due to the relatively low surface tension. Heavily oxidised bulk oils had higher surface tension and lower oxygen solubility. Therefore, oils with relatively low surface tension had higher oxygen solubility. The results of this study can help to explain the oxidative stability of edible oils containing high amphiphilic compounds.
Ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction of proteins in several algae and their nutritional characteristics
Authors: Braspaiboon Sukan , Osiriphun Sukhuntha , Surawang Suthat , Jirarattanarangsri Wachira , Kanha Nattapong , Laokuldilok Thunnop 
Published: July 2022

SummaryUltrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction (UAAE) and the nutritional quality of proteins from five algae (Arthrospira platensis, Cladophora glomerata, Porphyra tenera, Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida) were investigated. The UAAE of the A. platensis protein using a 60% amplitude level and 30 min extraction time provided the highest protein yield (81.86%) and altered the surface of A. platensis. Amino acid profiles revealed that lysine and branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) were dominant in most algal proteins. The C. glomerata protein had the highest digestibility (94.09%) and protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid scores for the BCAAs. The L. japonica protein demonstrated a rich source of aspartic and glutamic acids, giving an umami taste. The algal proteins contained low contents of carbohydrates (3.87–44.83 mg glucose equivalents g−1) and nucleic acids (0.60–8.57 mg g−1), while total phenolics were 6.13–70.13 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1. Algal proteins could be a good ingredient in developing vegan and vegetarian foods.
The crumbling pillar: Assessing the impact of housing costs on recent trends in poverty and deprivation in Australia
Authors: Saunders Peter , Naidoo Yuvisthi , Wong Melissa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHomeownership has traditionally been high in Australia, where a broad range of tax and social security concessions are designed to promote ownership and reduce housing costs for owners. These have allowed homeowning age pensioners to avoid poverty despite receiving a pension that is low by international standards among high‐income countries. This approach provides the fourth pillar of the Australian retirement income support system, an example of ‘Australian exceptionalism’. We examine recent trends in two measures of social disadvantage—poverty and deprivation—focusing on the changing role and impact of homeownership and housing costs. The comparisons reveal important differences in how housing costs are incorporated into the estimation of their impact and in how different social groups have fared, although our findings also indicate that the groups with highest incidence of poverty and deprivation have benefited least from the gains that others experienced over the period examined.
Microencapsulated diets using thraustochytrids and macroalgae side streams for nursery rearing of Mytilus galloprovincialis spat
Authors: Campanati Camilla , Arantzamendi Leire , Zorita Izaskun , Juez Ainhoa , Aldridge David C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobal expansion of bivalve aquaculture can drive sustainable protein production. Inland culture of mussel spat can play an important role in supporting extensive mussel farming. Nursery culture of bivalves is, however, dependent on nutritious, cost‐efficient, and more reliable diets for spat. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary alternatives to commercial algal feeds (Shellfish Diet 1800) on the survival and growth of Mytilus galloprovincialis spat, widely farmed in Europe. Spat (6.8 ± 1.1 mm) were supplied with different diets for 6 weeks: commercial microalgal diet (A), microencapsulated feeds containing a 1:1 blend of the macroalga Undaria pinnatifida and the microalga Schizochytrium (BioBullets; BB), or commercial microalgae and BioBullets combined (ABB). Unsupplemented spat showed no growth and little change in body condition (CI). Spat fed microcapsules grew at comparable rates, and body condition rose at higher levels (shell growth rates: 8.5 ± 3.7 μm day−1; ΔCI: 6.1 ± 1.1%) relative to those fed commercial microalgae (8.5 ± 5.7 μm day−1; ΔCI: 3.3 ± 0.8%). Supplementing microencapsulated feeds with the commercial microalgal diet did not significantly improve growth performances (9.3 ± 2.3 μm day−1; ΔCI: 4.7 ± 1.4%) relative to mussels fed microcapsules alone. Microencapsulated feeds for M. galloprovincialis spat production can significantly reduce nursery costs compared with commercial feeds or cultured microalgae. By sourcing encapsulated algae from aquaculture side streams, microencapsulated feeds can further promote circular economies.
Histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 interacts with TaPLATZ5 to activate TaPAD4 expression and positively contributes to powdery mildew resistance in wheat
Authors: Song Na , Lin Jingchen , Liu Xingbei , Liu Zehui , Liu Debiao , Chu Wei , Li Jinpeng , Chen Yongming , Chang Shumin , Yang Qun , Liu Xiaoyu , Guo Weilong , Xin Mingming , Yao Yingyin , Peng Huiru , Ni Zhongfu , Xie Chaojie , Sun Qixin , Hu Zhaorong 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Plants have evolved a two‐branched innate immune system to detect and cope with pathogen attack, which are initiated by cell‐surface and intracellular immune receptors leading to pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI), respectively. A core transducer including PAD4‐EDS1 node is proposed as the convergence point for a two‐tiered immune system in conferring pathogen immunity. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of these key transducers remain largely unknown.

Here, we identified histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 as a positive regulator of powdery mildew resistance in wheat. TaHAG1 regulates expression of key transducer gene TaPAD4 and promotes SA and reactive oxygen species accumulation to accomplish resistance to Bgt infection.

Moreover, overexpression and CRISPR‐mediated knockout of TaPAD4 validate its role in wheat powdery mildew resistance. Furthermore, TaHAG1 physically interacts with TaPLATZ5, a plant‐specific zinc‐binding protein. TaPLATZ5 directly binds to promoter of TaPAD4 and together with TaHAG1 to potentiate the expression of TaPAD4 by increasing the levels of H3 acetylation.

Our study revealed a key transcription regulatory node in which TaHAG1 acts as an epigenetic modulator and interacts with TaPLATZ5 that confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat through activating a convergence point gene between PTI and ETI, which could be effective for genetic improvement of disease resistance in wheat and other crops.
ROP GTPase‐dependent polarity establishment during tip growth in plants
Authors: Ou Hongxin , Yi Peishan 
Published: July 2022

SummaryPolar cell growth in plants requires a cell peripheral region that undergoes membrane extension and cell wall remodeling. Since the 1990s, RHO‐RELATED GTPASES FROM PLANTS (ROPs) have been identified as master regulators that determine the site of cell growth. ROPs function to regulate actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, calcium gradients, and exocytosis, thus directing the delivery of materials for membrane and cell wall extension. In recent years, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying polar localization and the activation of ROPs has greatly advanced. Evidence points to the crucial roles of membrane lipids, receptor‐like kinases, and cell wall components. In this review, we provide updates on the mechanisms underlying polarity control in tip‐growing cells, with a focus on ROP effectors and membrane‐associated signals. By integrating knowledge from pollen tubes, root hairs, and findings in bryophyte protonema cells and rhizoids, we hope to offer important insights into a common conceptual framework on polarity establishment governed by intercellular and extracellular signals.
Photosynthesis in sun and shade: the surprising importance of far‐red photons
Authors: Zhen Shuyang , van Iersel Marc W. , Bugbee Bruce 
Published: July 2022

Summary

The current definition of photosynthetically active radiation includes only photons from 400 up to 700 nm, despite evidence of the synergistic interaction between far‐red photons and shorter‐wavelength photons. The synergy between far‐red and shorter‐wavelength photons has not been studied in sunlight under natural conditions.

We used a filter to remove photons above 700 nm to quantify the effects on photosynthesis in diverse species under full sun, medium light intensity and vegetation shade.

Far‐red photons (701 to 750 nm) in sunlight are used efficiently for photosynthesis. This is especially important for leaves in vegetation shade, where far‐red photons can be > 50% of the total incident photons between 400 and 750 nm. Far‐red photons accounted for 24–25% of leaf gross photosynthesis (Pgross) in a C3 and a C4 species when sunlight was filtered through a leaf, and 10–14% of leaf Pgross in a tree and an understory species in deep shade.

Accounting for the photosynthetic activity of far‐red photons is critical for accurate measurement and modeling of photosynthesis at single leaf, canopy and ecosystem scales. This, in turn, is crucial in understanding crop productivity, the global carbon cycle and climate change impacts on agriculture and ecosystems.