bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Implementation Roadmap for Establishing Remote Infectious Disease Specialist Support for Consultation and Antibiotic Stewardship in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Livorsi Daniel J , Abdel-Massih Rima , Crnich Christopher J , Dodds-Ashley Elizabeth S , Evans Charlesnika T , Goedken Cassie Cunningham , Echevarria Kelly L , Kelly Allison A , Spires S Shaefer , Veillette John J , Vento Todd J , Jump Robin L P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Infectious Disease (ID)–trained specialists, defined as ID pharmacists and ID physicians, improve hospital care by providing consultations to patients with complicated infections and by leading programs that monitor and improve antibiotic prescribing. However, many hospitals and nursing homes lack access to ID specialists. Telehealth is an effective tool to deliver ID specialist expertise to resource-limited settings. Telehealth services are most useful when they are adapted to meet the needs and resources of the local setting. In this step-by-step guide, we describe how a tailored telehealth program can be implemented to provide remote ID specialist support for direct patient consultation and to support local antibiotic stewardship activities. We outline 3 major phases of putting a telehealth program into effect: pre-implementation, implementation, and sustainment. To increase the likelihood of success, we recommend actively involving local leadership and other stakeholders in all aspects of developing, implementing, measuring, and refining programmatic activities.
Optimizing Clinical Outcomes Through Rational Dosing Strategies: Roles of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling Tools
Authors: Chua Hubert C , Tam Vincent H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Significant progress in previous decades has led to several methodologies developed to facilitate the design of optimal antimicrobial dosing. In this review, we highlight common pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modeling techniques and their roles in guiding rational dosing regimen design. In the early drug development phases, dose fractionation studies identify the PKPD index most closely associated with bacterial killing. Once discerned, this index is linked to clinical efficacy end points, and classification and regression tree analysis can be used to define the PKPD target goal. Monte Carlo simulations integrate PKPD and microbiological data to identify dosing strategies with a high probability of achieving the established PKPD target. Results then determine dosing regimens to investigate and/or validate the findings of randomized controlled trials. Further improvements in PKPD modeling could lead to an era of precision dosing and personalized therapeutics.
Mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellites reveal population genetic structure of the range-restricted hummingbirdPhaeoptila sordidain the Balsas Basin
Authors: Hernández-Soto Mariana , Licona-Vera Yuyini , Ornelas Juan Francisco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Dusky Hummingbird Phaeoptila sordida (= Cynanthus sordidus), occurs in the Balsas Basin, a region with a complex biogeographical history, and in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley and Valles Centrales in Puebla and Oaxaca, Mexico. However, the biogeographical and evolutionary history of these two regions of Mexico is poorly understood. We aimed to understand the genetic structure and phylogeographic history of P. sordida, a range-restricted hummingbird to these two regions, as a proxy to study the evolutionary history of the Balsas Basin, by using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and nuclear microsatellites. Geographic structure was evident for both markers; however, some discordance was observed between the mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Based on mtDNA, samples from the Balsas Basin form one haplogroup, well separated from the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley and Valles Centrales samples. In contrast to this, nuclear microsatellites uncovered two slightly different genetic clusters restricted to different habitats: samples from the Western Balsas restricted to the seasonally deciduous tropical dry forest, and samples from the Eastern Balsas-Tehuacán/Cuicatlán-Tehuantepec area in shrub and dry forested habitats. As expected by the interglacial refugia hypothesis, ENM predicted that the distribution of P. sordida was more contracted and fragmented during the Last Inter Glacial and more expanded at the Last Glacial Maximum. Consistent with that observed for other range-restricted hummingbird species, ENM predictions and a strong signal of population expansion indicate that the geographical range and population size are unstable over time, as compared to widespread hummingbird species, and that ecological and climatic factors possibly impacted its diversification. This study contributes to the debate that disputes the integrity of the Balsas Basin as a biogeographical unit and urges for the conservation of endemic species in the Balsas region and interior Oaxaca.
Odonata survival
Authors: Sanmartín-Villar Iago , Cordero-Rivera Adolfo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the application of mark-recapture techniques to a variety of population level phenomena, using analytical methods based on the Theory of Information to estimate individual survival. It discusses the impact of marking techniques on individuals under study, reviews the global distribution of studies using mark-recapture methods, and performs a meta-analysis of these recent studies. Next it examines how design aspects such as study duration affect survival estimates, looks at the effect of sex and age on survival and recapture rates, how female polymorphisms relate to outcomes, and reviews the individual and environmental covariates that are found to be influential in these studies. It aims to identify gaps in our knowledge on odonate survivorship, the need for longer-term studies, and the need for greater coverage of different regions and species.
Growth Models Under Austerity
Authors: Hübscher Evelyne , Sattler Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fiscal policy is an integral part of a country’s growth model. This chapter shows how governments subordinate their fiscal policy to the macroeconomic regime of their country: governments in export-led economies are two to three times more likely to pursue fiscal austerity than those in demand-led regimes. These rigid fiscal policies in many countries are not in line with voter attitudes and individual-level macroeconomic beliefs. Contrary to the economic ideas that provide the intellectual foundation of fiscal austerity, voters believe that these policies are detrimental to economic growth, but there is great variation between left and right voters. These ideological differences translate into distinct fiscal policies under left and right governments in balanced growth regimes, but not in unbalanced regimes. These results point to a mismatch between government policy, especially in export-led economies, and voter attitudes. This mismatch potentially contributes to the disillusionment of voters that has been observed in many countries.
Diffuse radio source candidate in CIZA J1358.9−4750
Authors: Kurahara Kohei , Akahori Takuya , Kale Ruta , Akamatsu Hiroki , Fujita Yutaka , Gu Liyi , Intema Huib , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Okabe Nobuhiro , Omiya Yuki , Parekh Viral , Shimwell Timothy , Takizawa Motokazu , Van Weeren Reinout J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe report on results of our upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) observations for an early-stage merging galaxy cluster, CIZA J1358.9−4750 (CIZA1359), in Band-3 (300–500 MHz). We achieved the image dynamic range of ∼38000 using the direction dependent calibration and found a candidate of diffuse radio emission at 4σrms significance. The flux density of the candidate at 400 MHz, 24.04 ± 2.48 mJy, is significantly positive compared to noise, where its radio power, 2.40 × 1024 W Hz−1, is consistent with those of typical diffuse radio sources of galaxy clusters. The candidate is associated with a part of the X-ray shock front at which the Mach number reaches its maximum value of $\mathcal {M}\sim 1.7$. The spectral index (Fν ∝ να) of the candidate, α = −1.22 ± 0.33, is in agreement with an expected value derived from the standard diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) model. However, such a low Mach number with a short acceleration time would require seed cosmic rays supplied from active galactic nucleus (AGN) activities of member galaxies, as suggested in some other clusters. Indeed, we found seven AGN candidates inside the diffuse source candidate. Assuming the energy equipartition between magnetic fields and cosmic rays, the magnetic field strength of the candidate was estimated to be 2.1 μG. We also find head–tail galaxies and radio phoenixes or fossils near CIZA1359.
East Asian VLBI Network astrometry toward the extreme outer Galaxy: Kinematic distance with the proper motion of G034.84−00.95
Authors: Sakai Nobuyuki , Zhang Bo , Xu Shuangjing , Sakai Daisuke , Tamura Yoshiaki , Jike Takaaki , Jung Taehyun , Oh Chungsik , Kim Jeong-Sook , Kawaguchi Noriyuki , Imai Hiroshi , Jiang Wu , Cui Lang , Kim Soon-Wook , Jiang Pengfei , Kurayama Tomoharu , Lee Jeong Ae , Hachisuka Kazuya , Jung Dong-Kyu , Xia Bo , Li Guanghui , Honma Mareki , Kim Kee-Tae , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Wang Na 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We aim to reveal the structure and kinematics of the Outer Scutum–Centaurus (OSC) arm located on the far side of the Milky Way through very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) astrometry using KaVA, which is composed of KVN (the Korean VLBI Network) and VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry). We report the proper motion of a 22 GHz H2O maser source, which is associated with the star-forming region G034.84−00.95, to be (μαcos δ, μδ) = (−1.61 ± 0.18, −4.29 ± 0.16) mas yr−1 in equatorial coordinates (J2000.0). We estimate the 2D kinematic distance to the source to be 18.6 ± 1.0 kpc, which is derived from the variance weighted average of kinematic distances with local standard of rest velocity and the galactic-longitude component of the measured proper motion. Our result places the source in the OSC arm and implies that G034.84−00.95 is moving away from the Galactic plane with a vertical velocity of −38 ± 16 km s−1. Since the H i supershell GS033+06−49 is located at a kinematic distance roughly equal to that of G034.84−00.95, it is expected that gas circulation occurs between the outer Galactic disk around G034.84−00.95 with a Galactocentric distance of $12.8^{+1.0}_{-0.9}\:$kpc and the halo. We evaluate possible origins of the fast vertical motion of G034.84−00.95, which are (1) supernova explosions and (2) cloud collisions with the Galactic disk. However, neither of these possibilities are matched with the results of VLBI astrometry or the spatial distributions of H ii regions and H i gas.
First Point of Contact: Can Procedural Justice Be Applied by Emergency Calltakers?
Authors: Goodier Michael , Lum Cynthia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Emergency calltakers are the first point of contact for community members requesting police services. In the current period of demands for reform in the criminal justice system, where do these calltakers fit? Prior research indicates that emergency calltakers and dispatchers play a significant role in the criminal justice response, prompting reformers to examine whether justice improvements might be achieved through this group. One area of reform—procedural justice training for emergency calltakers—often applied to direct officer–citizen interactions—has been suggested as a possible avenue for improving the justice system’s legitimacy. Drawing from insights gained through a systematic observation study of police calltakers and dispatchers, this policy analysis raises questions and caveats about applying procedural justice concepts to calltaking.
DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY ASSESSMENT CODE FOR DECOMMISSIONING WASTE RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL
Authors: Byun Hyungi , Kim Juyub , Yoon Tae Bin , Park Jae Won 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In Korea, 10 units of nuclear power plants are projected for decommissioning by 2030, which will consequently generate a large amount of decommissioning waste. It could bring about a lack in the capacity of the radioactive waste disposal facility. In this paper, a computational code, REcycling and DIsposal Safety Assessment has been developed for the safety assessment regarding the recycling and disposal of the decommissioning waste. It is composed of two modules: dose assessment module and maximum allowance concentration estimation module. The dose assessment module is intended to evaluate the exposure doses from radioactive nuclides in the wastes for each recycling or disposal scenario. The maximum allowance concentration estimation module has the function to translate the nuclides concentrations in the wastes from the exposure doses received by the end user for each scenario. The concentration of each nuclide provides the basis for the development of the technical criteria in accordance with the annual dose limit.
The call for science communication and public scholarship
Authors: Wang Monica L , Britton Olivia J , Beard Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Lay SummaryThis commentary calls for a collective shift in the sciences and academia to prioritize and invest in communicating research in ways that are engaging, relevant, and accessible to public audiences. We provide the context and rationale for increasing and enhancing science communication, and identify barriers that prevent health researchers, educators, and practitioners from engaging with the public. Academic institutions need to develop and implement policies that encourage and support science communication and public scholarship initiatives that are sustainable and scalable.
Epidemiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia and effects from the COVID-19 pandemic in Shenzhen of China
Authors: Cheng Wenli , Li Min , Yu Susu , Peng Xinyue , Zhang Luyun , Zhou Cheng , Wu Yanjie , Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to observe the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the incidence of non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Shenzhen of China, offering new ideas for evaluating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of inpatients with pneumonia from 2017 to 2021. Epidemiological characteristics of CAP and effects from the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed by the basic characteristics, time distribution, etiology and disease burden.

Results
There were a total of 5746 CAP inpatient cases included from 2017 to 2021. The number of CAP hospitalizations decreased during the pandemic from 2020 to 2021, with seasonal variations of being higher in spring and winter and lower in summer and autumn, whereas it was prevalent throughout the year prior to the pandemic. The children group decreased significantly during the pandemic, with a 15% decrease in the share of CAP inpatients. The detection rates of bacteria and mycoplasma decreased in CAP patients, while the detection rate of the virus increased, and the number of moderate and severe cases reduced more than that of the mild.

Conclusion
Non-pharmaceutical interventions from COVID-19 have led to a decrease in the number of CAP inpatients, especially for children, with a specific seasonal prevalence in spring and winter, when the prevention interventions should be strengthened further for adults during the pandemic.
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Cambodia, January 2020 to February 2021
Authors: Su Yvonne C F , Ma Jordan Z J , Ou Tey Putita , Pum Leakhena , Krang Sidonn , Raftery Philomena , Kinzer Michael H , Bohl Jennifer , Ieng Vanra , Kab Vannda , Patel Sarika , Sar Borann , Ying Wong Foong , Jayakumar Jayanthi , Horm Viseth Srey , Boukli Narjis , Yann Sokhoun , Troupin Cecile , Heang Vireak , Garcia-Rivera Jose A , Sengdoeurn Yi , Heng Seng , Lay Sreyngim , Chea Sophana , Darapheak Chau , Savuth Chin , Khalakdina Asheena , Ly Sowath , Baril Laurence , Manning Jessica E , Simone-Loriere Etienne , Duong Veasna , Dussart Philippe , Sovann Ly , Smith Gavin J D , Karlsson Erik A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Cambodia was confirmed on 27 January 2020 in a traveller from Wuhan. Cambodia subsequently implemented strict travel restrictions, and although intermittent cases were reported during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, no apparent widespread community transmission was detected. Investigating the routes of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) introduction into the country was critical for evaluating the implementation of public health interventions and assessing the effectiveness of social control measures. Genomic sequencing technologies have enabled rapid detection and monitoring of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we detected 478 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Cambodia between 27 January 2020 and 14 February 2021, 81.3 per cent in imported cases. Among them, fifty-four SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced and analysed along with representative global lineages. Despite the low number of confirmed cases, we found a high diversity of Cambodian viruses that belonged to at least seventeen distinct PANGO lineages. Phylogenetic inference of SARS-CoV-2 revealed that the genetic diversity of Cambodian viruses resulted from multiple independent introductions from diverse regions, predominantly, Eastern Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Most cases were quickly isolated, limiting community spread, although there was an A.23.1 variant cluster in Phnom Penh in November 2020 that resulted in a small-scale local transmission. The overall low incidence of COVID-19 infections suggests that Cambodia’s early containment strategies, including travel restrictions, aggressive testing and strict quarantine measures, were effective in preventing large community outbreaks of COVID-19.
Molecular Characterization of Divergent Isolates of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus from Blanc du Soleil, an Interspecific Hybrid White Grapevine Cultivar
Authors: Ouro-Djobo Ashrafou , Stevens Kristian A. , Scheiner Justin , Tsolova Violeta M. , Pontasch Frances M. , McBride Sheila , Appel David N. , Al Rwahnih Maher , Alabi Olufemi J. 
Published: December 2022

During routine virus screening, grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV; genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) was detected in several samples of a recently released interspecific hybrid wine grapevine cultivar, Blanc du Soleil (BdS, US PP 34,483 P2, 2022). Molecular characterization of the BdS GRBV isolates revealed the presence of distinct complete genomes in nine isolates, with atypical lengths of 3,181 to 3,183 nucleotides (nt) relative to the expected 3,205 to 3,208 nt reported for GRBV isolates characterized to date globally. The difference in length was mainly due to deletions in the long intergenic region of the BdS GRBV isolates. In a phylogenetic reconstruction, the BdS GRBV isolates formed a monophyletic subclade basal to the clade II isolates to which they were more phylogenetically related than the clade I isolates. On average, complete genomes of these new isolates are 98.75% identical to each other, 96.66% identical to clade II isolates, and 92.02% identical to clade I isolates. Evolutionary analysis also revealed the occurrence of recombination in the history of these new isolates. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
No-Test Medication Abortion
Authors: Pearlman Shapiro Marit , Dethier Divya , Kahili-Heede Melissa , Kaneshiro Bliss 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To summarize the effectiveness and safety outcomes of medication abortion performed without prior pelvic examination or ultrasonogram (“no-test medication abortion”).

DATA SOURCES:
We searched the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane (including ClinicalTrials.gov), CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, and CAB Direct databases to identify relevant studies published before April 2022 using a peer-reviewed search strategy including terms such as “medication abortion” and “ultrasonography.” We contacted experts in the field for unpublished data and ongoing studies.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
We reviewed 2,423 studies using Colandr. We included studies if they presented clinical outcomes of medication abortion performed with mifepristone and misoprostol and without prior pelvic examination or ultrasonogram. We excluded studies with duplicate data. We abstracted successful abortion rates overall, as well as rates by gestational age through 63 days, 70 days and past 84 days. We abstracted complication rates, including the need for surgical evacuation, additional medications, blood transfusion, and ectopic pregnancy.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION AND RESULTS:
We included 21 studies with a total of 10,693 patients with outcome data reported. The overall efficacy of no-test medication abortion was 96.4%; 93.8% (95% CI 92.8–94.6%) through 63 days of gestation and 95.2% (95% CI 94.7–95.7%) through 70 days of gestation. The overall rate of surgical evacuation was 4.4% (95% CI 4.0–4.9), need for additional misoprostol 2.2% (95% CI 1.8–2.6), blood transfusion 0.5% (95% CI 0.3–0.6), and ectopic pregnancy 0.06% (95% CI 0.02–0.15).

CONCLUSION:
Medication abortion performed without prior pelvic examination or ultrasonogram is a safe and effective option for pregnancy termination.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42021240739.
Predicting Readmission or Death After Discharge From the ICU: External Validation and Retraining of a Machine Learning Model
Authors: de Hond Anne A. H. , Kant Ilse M. J. , Fornasa Mattia , Cinà Giovanni , Elbers Paul W. G. , Thoral Patrick J. , Sesmu Arbous M. , Steyerberg Ewout W. 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Many machine learning (ML) models have been developed for application in the ICU, but few models have been subjected to external validation. The performance of these models in new settings therefore remains unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of an existing decision support tool based on a ML model predicting readmission or death within 7 days after ICU discharge before, during, and after retraining and recalibration.

DESIGN:
A gradient boosted ML model was developed and validated on electronic health record data from 2004 to 2021. We performed an independent validation of this model on electronic health record data from 2011 to 2019 from a different tertiary care center.

SETTING:
Two ICUs in tertiary care centers in The Netherlands.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients who were admitted to the ICU and stayed for longer than 12 hours.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We assessed discrimination by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration (slope and intercept). We retrained and recalibrated the original model and assessed performance via a temporal validation design. The final retrained model was cross-validated on all data from the new site. Readmission or death within 7 days after ICU discharge occurred in 577 of 10,052 ICU admissions (5.7%) at the new site. External validation revealed moderate discrimination with an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI 0.67–0.76). Retrained models showed improved discrimination with AUC 0.79 (95% CI 0.75–0.82) for the final validation model. Calibration was poor initially and good after recalibration via isotonic regression.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this era of expanding availability of ML models, external validation and retraining are key steps to consider before applying ML models to new settings. Clinicians and decision-makers should take this into account when considering applying new ML models to their local settings.