bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion weighted hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI of the lung with 2D and 3D (FLORET) spiral
Authors: Bdaiwi Abdullah S. , Willmering Matthew M. , Wang Hui , Cleveland Zackary I. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo enable efficient hyperpolarized 129Xe diffusion imaging using 2D and 3D (Fermat Looped, ORthogonally Encoded Trajectories, FLORET) spiral sequences and demonstrate that 129Xe ADCs obtained using these sequences are comparable to those obtained using a conventional, 2D gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) sequence.Theory and MethodsDiffusion‐weighted 129Xe MRI (b‐values = 0, 7.5, 15 s/cm2) was performed in four healthy volunteers and one subject with lymphangioleiomyomatosis using slice‐selective 2D‐GRE (scan time = 15 s), slice‐selective 2D‐Spiral (4 s), and 3D‐FLORET (16 s) sequences. Experimental SNRs from b‐value = 0 images () and mean ADC values were compared across sequences. In two healthy subjects, a second b = 0 image was acquired using the 2D‐Spiral sequence to map flip angle and correct RF‐induced, hyperpolarized signal decay at the voxel level, thus improving regional ADC estimates.ResultsDiffusion‐weighted images from spiral sequences displayed image quality comparable to 2D‐GRE and produced sufficient (16.8 ± 3.8 for 2D‐GRE, 21.2 ± 3.5 for 2D‐Spiral, 20.4 ± 3.5 for FLORET) to accurately calculate ADC. Whole‐lung means and SDs of ADC obtained via spiral were not significantly different (P > 0.54) from those obtained via 2D‐GRE. Finally, 2D‐Spiral images were corrected for signal decay, which resulted in a whole‐lung mean ADC decrease of ˜15%, relative to uncorrected images.ConclusionsRelative to GRE, efficient spiral sequences allow 129Xe diffusion images to be acquired with isotropic lung coverage (3D), higher (2D and 3D), and three‐fold faster (2D) within a single breath‐hold. In turn, shortened breath‐holds enable flip‐angle mapping, and thus, allow RF‐induced signal decay to be corrected, increasing ADC accuracy.
An overview of psoriatic arthritis including clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic criteria, investigations, drug management and GRAPPA guidelines
Authors: Packham Jonathan , Tarar Bilal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic and often progressive inflammatory disease, occurring in up to 30% of patients with psoriasis. Assessment of patients with PsA requires consideration of all disease domains, including peripheral arthritis, axial disease, enthesitis, dactylitis, skin psoriasis, psoriatic nail disease, uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Co‐morbidities and related conditions should all be considered including: obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, anxiety/depression, liver disease, chronic infections, malignancy, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and reproductive health.
Ultrasound of peripheral nerves distinguishes inherited sensory neuronopathy of cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome from inherited axonopathy
Authors: Pelosi Luciana , Coraci Daniele , Mulroy Eoin , Leadbetter Ruth , Padua Luca , Roxburgh Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsRecent studies have shown that ultrasound of peripheral nerves can distinguish inherited sensory neuronopathy from acquired axonopathy with a high degree of accuracy. In this study we aimed to determine whether ultrasound can also distinguish inherited sensory neuronopathy from inherited axonopathy.MethodsWe compared the ultrasound cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) of the median, ulnar, sural, and tibial nerves of retrospectively recruited patients with cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS), in whom sensory neuronopathy is a cardinal feature, with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 2 (CMT2) disease patients, who have an inherited axonopathy, using the Kruskal‐Wallis test and receiver‐operating characteristic curves.ResultsThere were 17 patients with CANVAS and 18 with CMT2. The upper limb nerve CSAs were significantly smaller in CANVAS than in CMT2 (P < .001), with the CSAs of the median nerve at mid‐forearm and ulnar nerve at mid‐arm being a third or less the size of those of the CMT2 patients. Nerve ultrasound reliably distinguished CANVAS from CMT2 with ROC areas under the curve between 0.97 and 0.99. The lower limb CSAs of the two patient groups were not significantly different.DiscussionUltrasound of the upper limb nerves distinguishes CANVAS sensory neuronopathy from inherited axonopathy with high accuracy and can therefore be proposed as a reliable additional tool in the investigation of these diseases.
Robust design optimization for enhancing delamination resistance of composites
Authors: Singh Sukhminder , Pflug Lukas , Mergheim Julia , Stingl Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent developments in the field of computational modeling of fracture have opened up possibilities for designing structures against failure. A special case, called interfacial fracture or delamination, can occur in loaded composite structures where two or more materials are bonded together at comparatively weak interfaces. Due to the potential crack growth along these interfaces, the structural problem suffers from snap‐back/snap‐through instabilities and bifurcations with respect to the model parameters, leading to noisy and discontinuous responses. For such a case, the design optimization problem for a selected quantity of interest is ill‐posed, since small variations in the design parameters can lead to large jumps in the structural response. To this end, this article presents a stochastic optimization approach to maximize delamination resistance that is less sensitive to small perturbations of the design and thereby leads to a robust solution. To overcome the intractability of Monte Carlo methods for estimating the expected value of the expensive‐to‐evaluate response function, a global, piecewise‐constant surrogate is constructed based on nearest‐neighbor interpolation that is iteratively refined during the optimization run. We found that by taking a large stochastic region at the beginning of the optimization and gradually reducing it to the desired one can help overcome poor local optima. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework using an example of shape optimization of hard inclusions embedded in a double‐cantilever beam, which significantly enhances delamination resistance.
Finite element modeling of plastic hinges based on ductility demand‐capacity method using nonlinear material for dynamic analysis
Authors: Grębowski Karol , Wilde Krzysztof , Miśkiewicz Mikołaj 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe article discusses modeling plastic hinges in reinforced concrete intermediate supports using finite elements methods. The ductility demand‐capacity method was used to determine the geometrical parameters of cross‐section plasticization zones, their ability to move and rotate, as well as their ductility. Due to the varied geometry and stiffness of the supports and their nonlinear behavior under dynamic load, this method was concluded to be imperfect. Therefore, an improved algorithm was proposed by determining the main parameters of plastic hinges depending on the degree of concrete degradation according to Lubliner's assumptions. The new algorithm has been implemented in the form of mathematical equations. It was subsequently used, at the structure design stage, to perform numerical calculations based on the finite element method.
Finite element method–discrete element method bridging coupling for the modeling of gouge
Authors: Voisin‐Leprince Manon , Garcia‐Suarez Joaquin , Anciaux Guillaume , Molinari Jean‐François 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe discuss the multiscale modeling of a granular material trapped between continuum elastic domains. The amorphous granular region, usually termed “gouge,” is under high confinement pressure, to represent the loading of faults at depth. We model the granularity of gouge using the discrete element method (DEM), while the elastic regions surrounding it are represented with two continuum domains modeled with the finite element method (FEM). We resort to a concurrent coupling of the discrete and continuum domains for a proper transmission of waves between the discrete and continuum domains. The confinement pressure results in the appearance of a new kind of ghost forces, which we address via two different overlapping coupling strategies. The first one is a generalization to granular materials of the bridging method, which was originally introduced to couple continuum domains to regular atomic lattices. This method imposes a strong formulation for the Lagrange constraints at the coupling interface. The second strategy considers a weak formulation. Different DEM samples sizes are tested in order to determine at which scale a convergence of the elastic properties is reached. This scale sets the minimal mesh element size in the DEM/FEM interface necessary to avoid undesirable effects due to an elastic properties mismatch. Then, the two DEM/FEM strategies are compared for a system initially at equilibrium. While the performance of both strategies is adequate, we show that the strong coupling is the most stable one as it generates the least spurious numerical noise. Finally, as a practical example for the strong coupling approach, we analyze the propagation of pressure and shear waves through the FEM/DEM interface and discuss dispersion as function of the incoming wave frequency.
Performance evaluation of gamma‐ray irradiated silicone rubber nano‐micro composites using electrical, thermal, physiochemical and deep learning techniques
Authors: Paul Moutusi , Mishra Palash , Vinod Pabbati , Sarathi Ramanujam , Mondal Mithun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSilicone rubber insulation used in nuclear power stations is inevitably exposed to highly energetic gamma‐ray irradiations which may lead to premature failure. Therefore, it is mandatory to develop silicone rubber composites capable of withstanding the stress posed by gamma‐ray irradiation. The present research involves the development of micro aluminum tri hydrate (ATH) and nano silica (SiO2) doped/co‐doped silicone rubber nanocomposites best suited for use in nuclear power stations. The samples were exposed to gamma‐ray irradiation of 500 kGy. Surface changes incurred were assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle, surface potential/impedance, water droplet‐initiated corona inception voltage (CIV) measurements thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was adopted to characterize the thermal stability of the specimens. Further moisture absorption behavior of the test specimens under strong electrolytic NaCl solution has been investigated. The erosion resistance of the virgin and gamma‐ray irradiated specimens has been classified using GoogLeNet convolution neural network.
Orcomutagenesis causes deficiencies in olfactory sensitivity and fertility in the migratory brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Liu Xin‐Yang , Yan Ru , Chen Sun‐Jie , Zhang Jin‐Li , Xu Hai‐Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe migratory brown planthopper (BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is the most destructive pest affecting rice plants in Asia and feeds exclusively on rice. Studies have investigated the olfactory response of BPHs to the major rice volatile compounds in rice. The insect olfactory co‐receptor (Orco) is a crucial component of the olfactory system and is essential for odorant detection. Functional analysis of theOrcogene in BPHs would aid in the identification of their host preference.RESULTSWe identified the BPHOrcohomologue (NlOrco) by Blastsearching the BPH transcriptome with theDrosophila Orcogene sequence. Spatiotemporal analysis indicated thatNlOrcois first expressed in the later egg stage, and is expressed mainly in the antennae in adult females. ANlOrco‐knockout line (NlOrco−/−) was generated through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis. TheNlOrco−/−mutants showed no response to rice volatile compounds and consequently no host‐plant preference. In addition,NlOrco−/−mutants exhibited extended nymphal duration and impaired fecundity compared with wild‐type BPHs.CONCLUSIONOur findings indicated that BPHs exhibit strong olfactory responses to major rice volatile compounds and suggest thatNlOrco is required for the maximal fitness of BPHs. Our results may facilitate the identification of potential target genes or chemical compounds for BPH control applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
What matters for student learning outcomes? A systematic review of studies exploring system‐level factors of educational effectiveness
Authors: Mejía‐Rodríguez Ana María , Kyriakides Leonidas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMeta‐analysis comprises a powerful tool for synthesising prior research and empirically validating theoretical frameworks. Using this tool and two recent multilevel models of educational effectiveness as guiding frameworks, this paper synthesises the results of 195 studies investigating the association between system‐level characteristics and student learning outcomes. Results show a broad range of system‐level factors studied in the international literature, which could be grouped into the three categories used in the integrated multilevel model of education: antecedents determined by the larger societal context, including factors such as level of development, inequality and societal values; system ecology and structural reform, covering factors such as decentralisation, accountability and stratification; and direct educational policies, including financial resources, time resources and variables related to teacher training and qualifications. Results highlight the importance of the larger context in which educational systems operate, as well as the need for further research looking at actual educational policies. Further analyses provide support for a generic effect of system‐level factors, regardless of the educational level or subject domain assessed. However, results show variation in terms of methodological choices, such as the number of levels used in the analysis. Based on these results, implications for theory, research, and policy are drawn.Context and implicationsRationale for this studyWe present a meta‐analysis of the international literature on system‐level factors associated with student learning outcomes to contribute to the improvement of quality in education.Why the new findings matterA synthesis of the literature is important to identify what kind of factors have been studied so far, their consistency and significance, and to identify future research needs.Implications for theory, research, and policySocioeconomic factors, such as affluence and inequality, and other characteristics of the larger societal context are important system‐level conditions. Conducting the meta‐analysis allowed to identify areas where more research is needed, such as on the impact of national educational policies, and on the impact of system factors on non‐cognitive learning outcomes. Further studies are also needed with a longitudinal component and focusing on the indirect effects of system‐level factors. The results of the meta‐analysis give further support to exerting caution when it comes to educational reforms and their implementation across different contexts, particularly because of the role that system inequality plays for educational outcomes.
Experimental and theoretical analysis on truss construction robot: Automatic grasping and hoisting of concrete composite floor slab
Authors: Tong Shenghao , Xu Wenpo , Zhang Xiaochen , Liang Wenfeng , Wang Yonghao , Zhang Zhongshan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of various construction robots can significantly reduce the construction labor intensity and risk. We present an experimental task of a truss construction robot, including automatic grasping and hoist positioning of concrete composite floor slab. And, a control strategy matching the construction robot is proposed to solve the following problems: (a) Due to the widespread manufacturing errors of building components, the position deviation of diagonal web reinforcement on concrete composite floor slab may cause grasping failure. (b) The chaotic surface of the floor slab seriously affects the recognition accuracy of the grasping target. (c) The large mass and inertia of heavy‐duty hanger and concrete composite floor slab make it difficult for robot to achieve accurate positioning under eccentric load condition. The machine vision recognition system ensures that if the diagonal web reinforcement is detected more than half of the grasping path, the grapple hook can change the grasping path independently to prevent it from colliding with the offset diagonal web reinforcement. An anticollision and grasping path planning method based on machine vision is proposed to improve the success rate and efficiency of automatic grasping. The mean value of proportional speed and proportional position is introduced as the evaluation speed and evaluation position of driving wheel to improve the accuracy of multiwheel synchronization. Moreover, we analyzed the robot performance from actual grasping and hoist positioning process of the concrete composite floor slab. The experimental results show that the robot has a good performance on the automatic grasping and hoisting of the concrete composite floor slab.
How cultural values influence sustainable consumption behavior? An empirical investigation in a non‐Western context
Authors: Vighnesh Nanjangud Vishwanath , Balachandra Patil , Chandrashekar Deepak , Sawang Sukanlaya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current study aims to investigate the role of cultural values in shaping Sustainable consumption behavior in a non‐Western setting. The primary data on cultural orientation and consumption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products is collected from about 347 Indian consumers. Four consumption culture dimensions—Environmental Fatalism, Comfort‐centric Outlook, Spiritual Outlook, and Techno‐criticism—were derived from primary data using factor analysis. Consumption culture dimensions are shown to have a direct influence on sustainable consumption behavior and indirect influence through personal environmental stewardship. Environmental Fatalism and Comfort‐centric Outlook showed negative relationship, while Spiritual Outlook had a positive relationship with Sustainable Consumption Behavior—Techno‐criticism was found to be insignificant. Further analysis revealed that Personal Environmental Stewardship partially mediates the relationship between consumption culture dimensions and sustainable consumption behavior. The study findings extend the existing theoretical knowledge by offering a model that can be leveraged to validate the influence of cultural variables, including general attitudes toward waste and technology, on sustainable consumption behavior of high environmental impacts and spanning multiple consumption phases. Results from our study provide practical insights for educators, marketers, campaign managers and religious leaders to develop pedagogical practice and design culturally‐relevant messaging to activate norms relevant for pro‐environmental behaviors. The current study is among the first to focus on (i) an impact‐based operationalization of sustainable consumption behavior and (ii) the consumption area of electronics. Further, the current study also contributes to a rather nascent stream of research embedded in non‐Western contexts.
Adsorption and Reductive Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution by Nanoscale Iron‐modified Dual Surfactants
Authors: Wang Shuang , Zhong Dengjie , Xu Yunlan , Zhong Nianbing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn view of the increasingly prominent environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, nanoscale zero‐valent iron was modified by polyethylene glycol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (PS‐nZVI) and used to treat Cr(VI). The removal rate of Cr(VI) and equilibrium adsorption capacity of PS‐nZVI can reached 92 % and 122.3 mg ⋅ g−1, respectively, under the conditions of PS‐nZVI 1.0 g ⋅ L−1, initial Cr(VI) concentration 50 mg ⋅ L−1, initial pH 5.5, and reaction temperature 298 K. The adsorption process can be described by quasi‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal model, and it is characterized by spontaneous endothermy and monolayer surface chemisorption. The mechanism of Cr (VI) removal by PS‐nZVI can be summarized as follows: First, Cr(VI) is adsorbed on the surface of PS‐nZVI by electrostatic attraction. Then, nZVI and Fe(II) reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and themselves are oxidized to Fe(III). Finally, Cr(III) and Fe(III) form (CrXFe1‐X)(OH)3 or CrXFe1‐XOOH co‐precipitation, which is attached to the PS‐nZVI surface and removed.
Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide using a Copper‐supported Shirasu Catalyst
Authors: Umegaki Tetsuo , Noguchi Daisuke , Fukumoto Tsubasa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work firstly reported catalytic activity of copper species supported on Shirasu‐based materials for decomposition of nitrous oxide. From the results of EDS and XPS analyses, the bulk and surface compositions of the supported copper species depends on its impregnation conditions. The copper species were preferably supported on the surface silica sites of the Shirasu‐based materials with addition of ammonia during the impregnation process, and the amount of the copper species increased with increasing the amount of ammonia. The catalysts with the active copper species preferably supported on the silica sites exhibited high activity for decomposition of nitrous oxide. The catalytic activity also depended on the kinds of Shirasu‐based materials, and the copper‐supported catalyst on a Shirasu balloon, A3NN, showed the highest activity. The catalytic activity improved with addition of ammonia into the feed reactant gas, and nitrous oxide in the mixed gas was completely decomposed above 673 K.
Preparation of Co‐based N‐doped Meso‐microporous Carbon for Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Liu Kaijian , Luo Kejun , Tan Hong , Li Ni , Hu Bonian , Ou Jinhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of high‐efficiency and low‐cost heterogeneous catalysts with superior selectivity for the reduction of nitro compounds is desirable. Herein, we prepared Co‐based nitrogen‐doped meso‐microporous carbon (Co/N−C) derived from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐coated zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐67 as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of aromatic amines via in‐situ restricted pyrolysis. The structure, morphology, and catalytic activity of Co/N−C were investigated, and the results indicated that Co/N−C‐800 has the combined advantage of the excellent catalytic activity of cobalt nanoparticles and the high mass transfer rate of the N‐doped meso‐microporous carbon framework, achieving superior catalytic ability for the selective hydrogenation of 20 representative nitroaromatic compounds. Co/N−C‐800 was recyclable by simple separation due to the strong magnetism of the Co nanoparticles and exhibited excellent reusability, with 100 % yield of aniline even after six cycles. The catalytic reduction may be attributed to the dissociation of hydrazine to H+/H− via the action of Co/N−C.
Green Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles via Copper Catalysis under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Saranya Padinjare Veetil , Saranya Salim , Dhanya Raju , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new methodology for the synthesis of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles, via CuI‐catalyzed reaction between 2‐bromophenyl isothiocyanate and diverse amines has been achieved. A wide range of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles were produced in 27–89 % yields under the optimized condition of 5 mol% CuI in ethanol under microwave heating at 130 °C for 30 minutes. This simple and environmentally benign protocol is free from any ligands, bases and other additives.