bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Hemolytic Anemia in Patients with Lymphoid Malignancy in Tanzania
Authors: Uwizeyimana Gilbert , Ally Mwashungi , Yonazi Mbonea , Chamba Clara , Nasser Ahlam , Luzzatto Lucio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Hematological malignancies of the lymphoid lineage such as multiple myeloma, lymphomas and lymphoid leukemia are a burden to the world especially in Tanzania; anaemia is one of the presenting symptoms of these conditions and is found in almost 100% of the patients at diagnosis. Of particular importance Immune Hemolytic Anemia (IHA) which has a poor response to treatment and subsequently poor prognosis when it is associated with lymphoid malignancies. The aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of immune hemolytic anemia in lymphoid malignancies in Tanzania
Methods
This was a cross sectional study that recruited 86 patients with lymphoid malignancies attending both Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) and Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). The clinical features were captured using a well-structured questionnaire. Laboratory results for Full Blood Count (FBC), reticulocytes count, total, indirect and direct bilirubin and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were retrieved from the laboratory reporting system. Additionally, a blood sample for the Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) was taken from all participants. This test was performed at the Central Pathology Laboratory (CPL) of MNH. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0) and Microsoft excel 2010. Data analysis was performed using South Texas Art Therapy Association (STATA 15.0).
Results
IHA, indicated by a positive DAT, was found in 10% of patients with lymphoid malignancies. Analysis of DAT among patients never exposed to chemotherapy showed a prevalence of 22%. Among 9 IHA cases, 2 were CLL (Chronic Lymphoid Leukaemia), 2 were MM (Multiple Myeloma), 3 was NHL (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma), 1 was HL (Hodgkin Lymphoma) and 1 SLL (Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma). All 9 cases had decompensated hemolytic anemia.
Conclusion
IHA is a real complication of chronic lymphoid malignancies and DAT should be included in tests done during the course of management.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in dehydrated horses: A prospective case-control study
Authors: Lo Hsiao-Chien , Winter Judith C. , Merle Roswitha , Gehlen Heidrun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypovolemia caused by dehydration could eventually lead to acute renal injury. An early marker for detection of renal injury is still needed in equine medicine. Besides biomarkers which reflect glomerular filtration rate, markers indicating damages in renal tubules might be beneficial. The aim of the study is 1) to estimate both serum and urinary Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGAL and uNGAL) concentrations in horses with different severity of dehydration, 2) to analyze the correlations between sNGAL, uNGAL and the traditional renal markers, and 3) to determine if inflammation has an impact on sNGAL, uNGAL concentrations.
Methods
Serum NGAL, urinary NGAL, creatinine and urea concentrations were measured in 38 horses with dehydration and 4 healthy control horses four times totally until 48 hours after admission. Horses were divided into different groups according to the severity of dehydration and with or without systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the differences of sNGAL and uNGAL concentrations among the three dehydration groups and the control group. Linear mixed regression models with repeated measurement were applied to assess the association between NGAL at four time points and four groups independently.
Results
Significant differences of sNGAL (P = 0.02) and uNGAL (P = 0.01) at T0 were found between the control and all three dehydration groups. sNGAL and uNGAL both had correlations with serum creatinine and urea concentrations. A significant difference of sNGAL at T0 has been found between dehydrated horses with and without SIRS (P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference of uNGAL between these groups (P = 0.08).
Conclusions
Moderate correlations were observed between sNGAL, uNGAL and serum creatinine and urea concentrations. Significant differences of sNGAL and uNGAL between dehydration groups and healthy controls were observed. Neither were associated with the short-term prognosis. Inflammation might affect the interpretation of sNGAL in horses.
Multi-omics characterization of human kidneys identifies cPLA2-arachidonic acid metabolism as a potential driver of inflammation
Authors: Asowata Evans , Romoli Simone , Tan Jennifer , Hoffmann Scott , Huang Margaret , Krause Fynn , Jenkins Benjamin , Jachimowicz Daniel , Agren Rasmus , Musial Barbara , Mahbubani Krishna , Murphy Michael , Griffin Julian , Koulman Albert , Hansen Pernille , Ling Stephanie , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Woollard Kevin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The limited availability of human kidney biopsies to study acute kidney injury (AKI) has restricted the development of effective therapies for this condition. Here, we validate the use of deceased transplant organ donor kidneys to study human AKI and characterized the multi-omics and immune landscape of human AKI kidneys. We demonstrate that changes in kidney injury and inflammatory markers following AKI in deceased transplant donors are similar to that of mouse kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of human kidneys shows upregulated renal arachidonic acid metabolism following AKI, a pathway speculated to be linked to the ceramide accumulation detected in these kidneys. Markers of T and B lymphocytes, and macrophages were upregulated in AKI kidneys. Interestingly, we show upregulated renal cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) levels in AKI kidneys, and the inhibition of this enzyme reduced injury and inflammation in vitro, findings that have potentially important therapeutic implications.
Video game proficiency predicted by EEG oscillatory indexes of visual working memory
Authors: Jakubowska Natalia , Binkowska Alicja Anna , Arslan Ibrahim Vefa , Chałatkiewicz Izabela , Dąbkowska Małgorzata , Podolecka Wiktoria Maria , Brzezicka Aneta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While the video gaming training may enhance visual working memory (VWM), at the same time VWM is a key cognitive function in effective video gaming. In our study we examined the relationship between EEG data obtained during the visual working memory task and a real-time strategy (RTS) video game performance. The training lasted 30 hour, during which participants played StarCraft II, in either a fixed (FEG) or variable environment (VEG) training model, which were made to explore the role of a training complexity as an important factor. An EEG measurement took place before and after the training while performing a visual working memory task. Initial (pre-training) posterior alpha and frontal midline theta power have been specified as predictors of players' in-game advancement. Using a logistic regression model we determined telemetric variables predictive of game output. It turned out that both oscillatory bands were predictive of values of the four of the previously determined telemetric variables, but only in the FEG. Moreover we have seen differences between FEG and VEG in telemetry as well as in the neurophysiological data. Our results show how important is the complexity of the training regimen for observing the predictive power of VWM’s EEG oscillatory indicators.
Inverse flood routing using simplified flow equations
Authors: Gąsiorowski Dariusz , Szymkiewicz Romuald 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The paper considers the problem of inverse flood routing in reservoir operation strategy. The aim of the work is to investigate the possibility of determining the hydrograph at the upstream end based on the hydrograph required at the downstream end using simplified open channel flow models. To accomplish this, the linear kinematic wave equation, the diffusive wave equation and the linear Muskingum equation are considered. To achieve the hydrograph at the upstream end, an inverse solution of the aforementioned equations with backward integration in the x direction is carried out. For the numerical solution of the kinematic wave equation, the finite difference box scheme is used, whereas for the Muskingum equation, the q-scheme is applied. It is shown that both these equations are able to provide satisfying results because of their exceptional properties related to numerical diffusion. In the paper, an alternative approach to solving inverse routing using the diffusive wave model and the Muskingum model is also presented. To this end, both models are described by a convolution which involves the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) corresponding to the linear diffusive wave equation. Consequently, instead of a solution of partial or ordinary differential equations, the integral equation with Laguerre polynomials, used for the expansion of the upstream hydrograph, is solved.
Respiratory health among adolescents living in the Highveld Air Pollution Priority Area in South Africa
Authors: Millar Danielle A , Kapwata Thandi , Kunene Zamantimande , Mogotsi Mirriam , Wernecke Bianca , Garland Rebecca M , Mathee Angela , Theron Linda , Levine Diane T , Ungar Michael , Batini Chiara , John Catherine , Wright Caradee Y 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Air pollution is a global, public health emergency. The effect of living in areas with very poor air quality on adolescents’ physical health is largely unknown. Methods: Ambient air quality data from 2005 to 2019 for the two areas, Secunda and eMbalenhle, in the Highveld Air Pollution Priority Area in Mpumalanga province, South Africa were gathered and compared against national ambient air pollution standards and the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines. In 2019, adolescents attending schools in the areas completed a self-administered questionnaire investigating individual demographics, socio-economic status, health, medical history, and fuel type used in homes. Respiratory health illnesses assessed were doctor-diagnosed hay fever, allergies, frequent cough, wheezing, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma. The relationship between presence (at least one) or absence (none) of self-reported respiratory illness and risk factors, e.g., fuel use at home, was explored. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of risk factors associated with respiratory illness adjusted for body mass index (measured by field assistants), gender, education level of both parents / guardians and socio-economic status. Results: Particulate matter and ozone were the two pollutants most frequently exceeding annual air quality limits. All 233 adolescent participants were between 13 - 17 years of age. Prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms among the participants ranged from 2% for ‘ever’ doctor-diagnosed bronchitis and pneumonia to 42% ever experiencing allergies; wheezing chest was the second most reported symptom (39%). There was a statistically significant difference between the presence or absence of self-reported respiratory illness based on the number of years lived in Secunda or eMbalenhle (p = 0.02). For a one-unit change in the number of years lived in an area, the odds of reporting a respiratory illness increased by a factor of 1.08 (p = 0.025, 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.16). This association was still statistically significant when the model was adjusted for confounders (p = 0.037).Conclusions: Adolescents living in air polluted areas experience adverse health impacts Future research should interrogate long-term exposure and health outcomes among adolescents living in the air polluted environment.
Left atrial mechanics and functional capacity in HFpEF pts with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kodeboina Monika , Katbeh Asim , Penicka Martin , Verstreken Sofie , Vanderheyden Marc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Patients(pts) with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation are at risk for developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF) and often have an impaired exercise capacity. Since left atrial (LA) pressure plays a major role in the exercise intolerance, we aimed to characterize the contribution of resting LA mechanical properties, assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography upon exercise capacity. Purpose: To evaluate relationship between LA mechanics, measured by LA strain (LAS) and parameters of exercise capacity in pts with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods: The study included 54 pts(64 ± 10years, 76 % males) with dyspnea (NYHA³II), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and preserved LV ejection fraction (≥50%). The likelihood of HFpEF was estimated using H2FPEF score. During sinus rhythm, all patients underwent speckle tracking echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak) served as measure of functional capacity and ventilation/carbon dioxide output slope(VE/VCO2) as surrogate of ventilation/perfusion mismatch. Results: LA contractile strain(S) and strain rate(SR) showed significant correlation with VO2peak(both p < 0.05). LA reservoir, conduit and contractile LAS, all had significant relationship with VE/VCO2 slope (all p<0.050). Pts with LASR above the median had significantly higher VE/VCO2 (p=0.025) and lower VO2peak(p=0.010). In contrast, no correlations were observed between exercise parameters and LA volumes or any other echocardiographic indices. Conclusions: In HFpEF VO2peak and VE/VCO2 are closely related to LA contractile strain, suggesting that abnormalities in LA mechanics may contribute to the blunted exercise capacity. Therefore, we speculate that these markers can be used as an echocardiographic surrogate of functional capacity in HFpEF pts. Further studies are warranted.
Subacute thyroiditis- Still a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Zornitzki Taiba , Mildiner Sorcha , Schiller Tal , Kirzhner Alena , Ostrovsky Viviana , Knobler Hilla 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a common inflammatory condition. However, only a few studies evaluating SAT were published in recent years with varying diagnostic criteria. Although thyroid isotope-scan is an accurate non-invasive test for confirming SAT, it was not used as a mandatory diagnostic criteria in prior studies. Aim:To evaluate the clinical presentation and long-term outcome of patients in the community who were found to have SAT confirmed later by an isotope scan.Methods: A retrospective study of 38 consecutive patients with isotope scan-confirmed SAT performed at a single isotope department. All patients were contacted to assess long-term follow-up. Results: The female/male ratio was 1.4:1, mean age was 47±14 years and 62±12 years in women and men, respectively (p=0.002). Almost half of the cases (42%) occurred during the summer. The most common symptoms were neck pain (74%) and weakness (61%). Palpitations, weight loss, heat intolerance, and sweating, appeared in 50%, 42%, 21%, and 21% of patients, respectively. Only half of the patients reported fever. TSH level was low in all patients, mean FT4 and FT3 level were about twice the upper limit of normal range. Elevated CRP and ESR occurred in the majority (88%) of patients. The mean time period between the first family physician clinic-visit and performing thyroid function tests was 8±7 days. One third of the patients initially received a diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). NSAIDs and steroids were prescribed to 47% and 8% patients. Long-term follow-up (range 6-42 months) revealed that 25% remained with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. Conclusions:These data demonstrate that although SAT is a common entity, there is still a significant delay in diagnosis due to variation in the clinical symptoms. This leads to initial incorrect diagnosis in many cases such as URTI in a third of our patients. A quarter of patients developed long-term hypothyroidism. These data imply that: 1. SAT can still be a diagnostic challenge; 2. Long-term follow-up of thyroid function tests is needed.
Li trapping in nanolayers of cation ‘disordered’ rock-salt cathodes
Authors: DIaz-Lopez Maria , Chater Philip , Proux Olivier , Joly Yves , Hazemann Jean-Louis , Bordet Pierre , Pralong Valerie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Disordered rock-salt (DRS) cathodes have attracted considerable attention because of their high first charge capacities and relative low cost. Here we investigate in operando the structure and charge evolution of the Li1.1Mn0.7Ti0.2O2 Li-excess rock-salt cathode with a first charge capacity of 270mAh/g. We associate a certain extent of the capacity fade in DRS can be linked to the formation of locally ordered layered nanodomains within the long-range cation disordered rock-salt. We quantify the short-range ordering of cations during cycling and evaluate its effect on the lithium-ion diffusion and charge compensation using operando studies based on X-ray total scattering and advanced spectroscopic methods at the Mn K-edge, namely High Energy Resolved Fluorescence Detected XANES and Emission Spectroscopies including main and valence-to-core transitions.
Scoping review: Are CVDs risk calculators using the digital platform beneficial for CVDs prevention and management?
Authors: Badawy Mohammed Abd ElFattah Mohammed Darwesh , Naing Lin , Johar Sofian , Ong Sokking , Rahman Hanif Abdul , Tengah Nur’ashikin , Chong Chean Lin , Tuah Nik Ani Afiqah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This review aimed to summarise evidence on the key features, usability and benefits of CVD risk calculators using digital platforms for CVDs prevention and management in populations. Method and analysis: We conducted a scoping review using a few search engines and thematic analysis. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) as the reporting guideline for this review. The review found that various guidelines are recommending different algorithms for CVD risk prediction. The QRISK® was the more accurate CVD risk calculator for several study populations, whereas World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension risk scores were the least accurate. The key features of CVD risk calculators are variables, predictive accuracy, discrimination index, applicability, understandability, and cost-effectiveness. Ethics and dissemination: As this study will be based only on published studies, ethics approval is not obtained. A development and validation study must be conducted for the selected risk prediction tool, which considers a combination of stroke-specific risk with CVD risk to determine its usability to the local population and benefits to the respective health care setting. Overall, each healthcare setting should utilize a more feasible, accurate and user-friendly online CVD risk assessment tool designed based on the characteristics of the population and health system to enhance healthcare professionals’ roles in the prevention and management of CVDs.
Thermal error modeling of motorized spindle based Elman neural network optimized by Sparrow Search Algorithm
Authors: Li Zhaolong , Zhu Bo , Dai Ye , Zhu Wenming , Wang Qinghai , Wang Baodong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The thermal error of the motorized spindle is an essential factor affecting the machining accuracy of high-speed CNC machines. The establishment of a high-speed motorized spindle thermal error model for thermal error compensation can effectively improve the impact of thermal errors on the machining accuracy of the machine tool. This paper proposes a sparrow search algorithm to optimize the Elman neural network to predict thermal errors in motorized spindles. First, thermal characteristics of the A02 high-speed motorized spindle were analyzed using ANSYS Workbench software. Based on the simulation results, the position of the temperature measuring points is arranged in the temperature and thermal error experiment of the motorized spindle. The temperature and thermal displacement data of high-speed motorized spindle at different rotational speeds were collected; Secondly, the method of combining pedigree clustering and k-means clustering is used to perform cluster analysis on each temperature measurement point, and the grey correlation degree is used to determine the correlation between temperature measurement points and thermal error. Three temperature-sensitive points were screened from ten temperature measurement points, which reduced the collinearity between temperature measurement points and the number of independent variables of the model. Finally, the weights and thresholds of the Elman neural network are optimized by the sparrow search algorithm, and the thermal error prediction model of motorized spindle based on SSA-Elman neural network is established and compared with Elman Neural Network and Particle Swarm optimized Elman Neural Network prediction model. The results show that the SSA-Elman neural network model has the highest prediction accuracy and exhibits good stability and generalization ability.
Fetal adrenal gland volume at gestational age of 28–32 weeks for preterm birth prediction
Authors: Raksakulkiat Suphitcha , Imsom-Somboon Nutthaphon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPreterm birth is the most common complication among pregnant women. Data collected by the World Health Organization found that worldwide preterm birth rates totaled 15-18%. As a result, newborn development is impaired, while perinatal morbidity and mortality increased. The process of spontaneous preterm birth is multifactorial. The published data showed the activation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is the one process during parturition. This theory guides the hypothesis that investigating the fetal adrenal gland may lead to discovering a tool to predict preterm birth in asymptomatic pregnant women.MethodsFrom February 2021 to October 2021, we recruited singleton pregnant women with gestational ages between 28 and 32 weeks who came for antenatal care at Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. The measurements were obtained to calculate the total adrenal gland volume and fetal adrenal gland volume. All pregnant women were followed up until delivery. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for preterm birth prediction to detect the best cut off value using the corrected fetal adrenal gland volume.ResultsAltogether, 102 asymptomatic pregnant women were enrolled. The rate of preterm birth was 13.73% in this study. The ROC curve showed that the best cut off value using cFAGV was ≤18.11 mm3/kg (78.57% sensitivity, 45.45% specificity) for preterm birth prediction among asymptomatic pregnant women.ConclusionsTwo-dimensional ultrasonographic measurements of corrected fetal adrenal gland volume in asymptomatic pregnant women at 28–32 weeks of gestation proved an unsuitable method for preterm birth prediction.