bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fairness for Transgender People in Sport
Authors: Safer Joshua D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Increasingly visible participation by transgender people in athletic competition has resulted in efforts to include transgender women in the women’s categories while addressing possible advantage they might have from exposure to typically male levels of testosterone. There does not seem to be any reason to expect advantage for transgender people prior to puberty of or for transgender people whose gender-affirming treatment begins at the onset of puberty. To date, the only established driver of athletic advantage in men over women is testosterone. Further, the existing literature suggests that treatment to lower testosterone may be sufficient to erase that advantage in at least some athletic activities. Whether other aspects of puberty are advantages or disadvantages in certain sports remains to be established. There is need for more research on the topic. In addition, there is a need to prioritize the need to motivate people to participate in sport for better health.
An Overview of the Heterogeneous Causes of Cushing Syndrome Resulting From Primary Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (PMAH)
Authors: Charchar Helaine Laiz Silva , Fragoso Maria Candida Barisson Villares 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) is considered a rare cause of adrenal Cushing syndrome, is pituitary ACTH-independent, generally results from bilateral adrenal macronodules (&gt;1 cm), and is often associated with variable cortisol secretion, resulting in a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of PMAH have offered new insights into the comprehension of this heterogeneous and complex adrenal disorder. Different molecular mechanisms involving the actors of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway have been implicated in the development of PMAH, including germline and/or somatic molecular defects such as hyperexpression of the G-protein aberrant receptors and pathogenic variants of MC2R, GNAS, PRKAR1A, and PDE11A. Nevertheless, since 2013, the ARMC5 gene is believed to be a major genetic cause of PMAH, accounting for more than 80% of the familial forms of PMAH and 30% of apparently sporadic cases, except in food-dependent Cushing syndrome in which ARMC5 is not involved. Recently, 2 independent groups have identified that the tumor suppressor gene KDM1A is responsible for PMAH associated specifically with food-dependent Cushing syndrome. Consequently, PMAH has been more frequently genetically associated than previously assumed. This review summarizes the most important aspects, including hormone secretion, clinical presentation, radiological imaging, and molecular mechanisms, involved in familial Cushing syndrome associated with PMAH.
Exploring the experiences of student mental health nurses from ethnic minority backgrounds working through the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenological approach
Authors: Savarimuthu Darren , Mullobux Sherida , Newblow Jaya , Opoku Bernard 
Published: March 2022

Background/aims The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds more than any other group. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of mental health students from ethnic minorities who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic in a mental health NHS trust. Methods This study used phenomenology as the theoretical framework and thematic analysis as a method for data analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 student mental health nurses, which were held via Microsoft Teams. Results The four themes that emerged from this study were altruism, a sense of connectedness, support and learning opportunities, and role clarity. Students described a sense of altruism while deciding to opt-in to the extended placement. Some also found their faith to be a source of support and resilience, which provided a sense of connectedness. Support was an essential element that emerged in this study where students could rely on both the university and the mental health NHS trust. The learning opportunities that COVID-19 has presented have helped bridge the gap between the physical and mental wellbeing of patients; however, a lack of clarity in their roles was highlighted. Conclusions Adequate and appropriate policies and guidance to support student nurses are needed when working in crisis situations.
Performance enhancement of an ultrafast graphene photodetector via
simultaneous two-mode absorption in a hybrid plasmonic waveguide
Authors: Okda Hesham A. , Rabia Sherif I. , Shalaby Hossam M. H. 
Published: March 2022

An ultrafast, compact, zero-biased, and complementary metal–oxide
semiconductor-compatible graphene photodetector (PD) based on a
silicon-on-insulator hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG) is proposed.
Lumerical MODE solver is employed to investigate the modal
characteristics of TM-polarized modes in the HPWG composing the PD. It
is shown that the input light can be completely coupled into the
photonic-like and plasmonic-like fundamental TM modes at the PD
section. These two modes are exploited together in the photodetection
process to enhance the PD performance. A rigorous analysis is
performed in order to extract the optoelectronic characteristics of
the single-layer graphene (SLG) used in the proposed structure.
Lumerical 3D-FDTD solver is then employed to quantify the light
interaction of the two aforementioned optical modes with the SLG. With
a proper design at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the PD voltage
responsivity reaches 2.8 V/W, and the photocurrent responsivity is
obtained as 18.5 mA/W, while the corresponding absorption length is
kept below

8

µ

m

and the noise equivalent power is
limited to

3.7

p
W

/

H
z

. Moreover, as the PD operates under
zero bias, its photoresponse is predominated by the
photothermoelectric mechanism, exhibiting a bandwidth that exceeds
180 GHz while avoiding the dark current.
Cybersicherheit von Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstellen
Authors: Martini Mario , Kemper Carolin 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungGehirn-Computer-Schnittstellen beflügeln die Hoffnung auf übermenschliche Kräfte: Sie versetzen Nutzer in die Lage, Prothesen und sonstige Geräte allein mit ihren Gedanken zu steuern. Je weiter die Entwicklung der neuen Technologie voranschreitet und in marktfähige Produkte mündet, desto sichtbarer rücken auch potenzielle Sicherheitsrisiken in den Fokus. Denn Angriffe auf Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstellen können neurologische Daten erspähen oder Gehirnaktivitäten manipulieren und dadurch verheerende Schäden verursachen. Der Beitrag geht der Frage auf den Grund, wie die Rechtsordnung den Risiken eines Angriffs auf Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstellen bislang begegnet – und wie sie ihnen künftig begegnen sollte.
Impact of 6 month conjugated equine estrogen versus estradiol-treatment on biomarkers and enriched gene sets in healthy mammary tissue of non-human primates
Authors: Hobi Gabriel , Cline J. Mark , Ethun Kelly F. , Simillion Cedric , Keller Irene , Stute Petra 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To identify distinctly regulated gene markers and enriched gene sets in breast tissue of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) treated for six months with either conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) or estradiol (E2) by analysis of corresponding mRNA levels of genes associated with breast development, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and immune regulation. Additionally, translation of three nuclear markers was analyzed.

Methods
RNA from breast biopsies and necropsies was isolated from two independent study trials from Ethun et al. (CEE) and Foth et al. (E2) after 6 month of treatment duration. RNA was subjected to qRT-PCR and MicroArray analysis. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed for the estrogen receptor alpha subunit (ERa), the progesterone receptor (PGR) and the proliferation marker Ki67.

Results
We identified a total of 36 distinctly enriched gene sets. Thirty-one were found in the CEE treatment group and five were found in the E2 treatment group, with no overlap. Furthermore, two individual genes IGFBP1 and SGK493 were upregulated in CEE treated animals. Additional targeted qRT-PCR analysis of ten specific estrogen-related genes showed upregulation of three genes (TFF1, PGR and GREB1) after CEE treatment, respectively one gene (TFF1) after E2 treatment. Immunohistochemical stains of breast biopsies showed a significant increase in expression of the PGR marker after CEE treatment.

Conclusions
In this study we identified enriched gene sets possibly induced by CEE or E2 treatment in various processes associated with cancer biology and immunology. This preliminary translational data supports the concept that different estrogen types have different effects on healthy breast tissue and may help generate hypotheses for future research.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression and cytokine profiling in patients with intermittent claudication who exhibit exercise induced acute renal injury
Authors: Normahani Pasha , Boyle Joseph J. , Cave Luke , Brookes Paul , Woollard Kevin J. , Jaffer Usman 
Published: March 2022

Background
Intermittent claudication (IC) is a common manifestation of peripheral arterial disease. Some patients with IC experience a rise in Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG)/ Creatinine (Cr) ratio, a marker of renal injury, following exercise. In this study, we aim to investigate whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with IC who exhibit a rise in urinary NAG/ Cr ratio following exercise exhibit differential IL-10/ IL-12 ratio and gene expression compared to those who do not have a rise in NAG/ Cr ratio.

Methods
We conducted a single center observational cohort study of patients diagnosed with IC. Blood and urine samples were collected at rest and following a standardised treadmill exercise protocol. For comparative analysis patients were separated into those with any rise in NAG/Cr ratio (Group 1) and those with no rise in NAG/Cr ratio (Group 2) post exercise. Isolated PBMC from pre- and post-exercise blood samples were analysed using flow cytometry. PBMC were also cultured for 20 hours to perform further analysis of IL-10 and IL-12 cytokine levels. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between the groups.

Results
20 patients were recruited (Group 1, n = 8; Group 2, n = 12). We observed a significantly higher IL-10/IL-12 ratio in cell supernatant from participants in Group 1, as compared to Group 2, on exercise at 20 hours incubation; 47.24 (IQR 9.70–65.83) vs 6.13 (4.88–12.24), p = 0.04. 328 genes were significantly differentially expressed between Group 1 and 2. The modulated genes had signatures encompassing hypoxia, metabolic adaptation to starvation, inflammatory activation, renal protection, and oxidative stress.

Discussion
Our results suggest that some patients with IC have an altered immune status making them ‘vulnerable’ to systemic inflammation and renal injury following exercise. We have identified a panel of genes which are differentially expressed in this group of patients.
Fatigue properties and crack growth behavior of 7N01 and 6N01 aluminum alloys
Authors: Jiang Minjin , Liu Rui , Sun Hongliang , Jiang Xiaosong , Chen Song 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, the fatigue properties, microstructure, and surface damage tolerance of the 6N01 profile, 7N01 profile, and 7N01 plate aluminum alloy were studied. The fatigue test results show that the fatigue limit of the 7N01 profile was the highest and the 7N01 plate was the lowest. More importantly, most fatigue specimens failed in the safe life area provided by the Kitagawa–Takahashi line diagram, which indicates that there is a “short-notch effect” in the fatigue behavior of the pre-cracked aluminum alloys. For the sake of safety, according to the Kitagawa–Takahashi line diagram corrected by the fatigue test results, the effective harmless notch sizes a
0,eff of 6N01 profile, 7N01 profile, 7N01 plate is 23.92, 10.81, 24.32 μm, respectively, and their effective fatigue notch propagation threshold Δk
eff,th is 0.81, 0.39, 0.77 MPa m1/2, respectively. These corrected values reestablished the fatigue tolerance of the three materials and provided the critical data reference for the practical application. Combined with this study and the analysis of the literature, it can be concluded that the short-notch effect of the three materials should be related to the microstructure, crack closure mechanism, internal defects.
WORKSHOP PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH BAGI GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DI KABUPATEN DEMAK
Authors: Sumartini Sumartini , Mulyani Mimi , Nugroho Bayu Aji 
Published: March 2022

Menulis karya ilmiah merupakan salah satu komptensi yang harus dimiliki oleh guru. Akan tetapi, belum semua guru memiliki komptensi tersebut. Salah satu faktor penyebab kurangnya keterampilan menulis karya ilmiah bagi guru adalah kurangnya pelatihan dan pembimbingan penulisan karya ilmiah. Oleh karena itu, perlu diadakan pelatihan dan pembimbingan menulis karya ilmiah, khususya artikel ilmiah bagi mereka. Sebagai upaya peningkatan keterampilan menulis karya ilmiah bagi guru, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk: (1) membekali guru tentang materi karya tulis ilmiah, khususnya tentang artikel ilmiah; (2) melakukan pendampingan dan konsultasi dalam penulisan karya ilmiah agar guru mampu membuat karya ilmiah dengan baik dan benar. Adapun kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di kabupaten Demak. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) mengadakan pelatihan tentang materi yang terkait dengan pengenalan karya ilmiah, serta memberikan beberapa contoh hasil karya ilmiah kepada para guru; (2) melakukan pendampingan terhadap para peserta dalam kegiatan penyusunan artikel ilmiah. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat diikuti oleh guru-guru SD Negeri Kalicilik 2 kabupaten Demak. Kegiatan berlagsung selama satu hari dari pagi sampai sore bertempat di SD Negeri Kalicilik 2 Demak. Kegiatan diawali dengan pemberian materi tentang jenis-jenis karya ilmiah, tata tulis, sistematika karya ilmiah, artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian yang kemudian diikuti dengan proses pembimbingan sampai para peserta dapat menyusun artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan, pengabdian sejenis ini perlu dilakukan lagi mengingat masih banyak para guru sekolah dasar yang belum memahami karya ilmiah, khususnya artikel ilmiah hasil penelitian.
SIGN LANGUAGE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PADA SIGNIFICANT OTHERS PENYANDANG TUNA RUNGU DI MILB YKTM BUDI ASIH SEMARANG
Authors: Mahanani Fatma Kusuma , Amawidyati Sukma Adi Galuh , Deliana Sri Maryati 
Published: March 2022

Anak dengan gangguan pendengaran atau tuna rungu adalah mereka yang pendengarannya tidak berfungsi sehingga membutuhkan pelayanan pendidikan khusus. MILB YKTM Budi Asih Semarang merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang melayani pendidikan bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus. Berbagai jenis anak berkebutuhan khusus diterima di sekolah tersebut, yaitu tuna daksa, tuna netra, tuna rungu, tuna wicara, dan tuna grahita. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah minimnya sumber daya manusia dan sarana prasarana yang dimiliki belum memadai untuk memberikan pelayanan pada anak berkebutuhan khusus, terutama bagi penyandang tuna rungu. Kondisi Mitra saat ini, belum memiliki sumber daya manusia dan fasilitas yang memadai. Pihak orang tua sendiri biasanya mengajarkan gerakan bibir dan bahasa isyarat sehari-hari yang dipahami antara anak dan orang tua. Hanya saja cara komunikasi tersebut belum tentu dipahami orang lain karena tidak menggunakan bahasa isyarat baku. Mitra juga belum mempunyai kerjasama dengan profesional untuk penanganan anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus. Sehingga, Mitra dan Tim Program Pengabdian Masyarakat bersepakat untuk bersama-sama menangani permasalahan yang dihadapi Mitra tersebut melalui PPM â€œSign Language Sustainable Development Pada Significant Others Penyandang Tuna Rungu Di MILB YKTM Budi Asih Semarang. Hasil program menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keteraampilan berkomunikasi efektif yang signifikan p<0,05 pada significant others yang terlibat menjadi peserta program
PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA AQUAPONIK - VERTIKULTUR BERBASIS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR UNTUK PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN LAHAN SEMPIT
Authors: Yusuf Dewi Nurhayati , Sutariati Gusti Ayu , Iswandi Marsuki 
Published: March 2022

Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Terintegrasi KKN Tematik ini bertujuan mendekatkan teknologi budidaya tanaman sayuran-ikan secara vertikultur-aquaponik kepada masyarakat sasaran yaitu Dharma Wanita Persatuan Program Pascasarjana Universitas Halu Oleo), sehingga mereka dapat mengembangkan secara mandiri teknik ini di lingkungan rumah tangga masing-masing. Kegiatan ini melibatkan mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian dan Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan UHO dalam pembuatan demplot sayuran-ikan secara vertikultur-aquaponik dan pengelolaan lingkungan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan dan bimbingan teknis serta pendampingan teknologi secara langsung pada mitra sasaran. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat sasaran merespon positif dan sangat antusias memberikan umpan balik atas materi yang diberikan, terlebih materi yang diberikan masih terbilang baru namun sangat efektif dan efisien jika diaplikasikan pada lahan pekarangan yang sempit. Mahasiswa yang terlibat dalam kegiatan ini juga sangat antusias melaksanakan berbagai kegiatan yang diprogramkan, sebagai upaya untuk mengekspresikan keahlian bidang keilmuan yang didapatkan selama mengikuti perkuliahan.
ADALINE Neural Network For Early Detection Of Cervical Cancer Based On Behavior Determinant
Authors: Midyanti Dwi Marisa , Bahri Syamsul , Midyanti Hafizhah Insani 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer that kills women worldwide. One way for early detection of cervical cancer risk is by looking at human behavior determinants. Detection of cervical cancer based on behavior determinants has been researched before using Naïve Bayes and Logistic Regression but has never using ADALINE Neural Network. Methods: In this paper, ADALINE proposes to detect early cervical cancer based on the behavior on the UCI dataset. The data used are 72 data, consisting of 21 cervical cancer patients and 51 non-cervical cancer patients. The dataset is divided 70% for training data and 30% for testing data. The learning parameters used are maximum epoch, learning rate, and MSE. Result: MSE generated from ADALINE training process is 0.02 using a learning rate of 0.006 with a maximum epoch of 19. Twenty-two test data obtained an accuracy of 95.5%, and overall data got an accuracy value of 97.2%. Novelty: One alternative method for early detection of cervical cancer based on behavior is ADALINE Neural Network.
Memoria, identidad y utopía en los procesos de autorepresentación de las poetas afrocentroamericanas
Authors: Meza-Márquez Consuelo 
Published: March 2022

La presencia de las escritoras afrodescendientes se visibiliza a partir de las últimas décadas del siglo XX. Es un discurso que surge de la experiencia de discriminación por etnia y género y se constituye como un movimiento de resistencia cultural que recupera personajes emblemáticos, símbolos, imágenes, sueños e ideales que permiten la permanencia de la etnia en los distintos países. Tiene sus orígenes, con escritoras creoles, en Costa Rica con Eulalia Bernard (1935), Prudence Bellamy Richard (1935), Marcia Reid Chambers (1950), Shirley Campbell (1965), Delia McDonald (1965) y Queen Nzinga Maxwell (1971). Le darán continuidad en Nicaragua, las escritoras June Beer (1935-1986), Erna Loraine Narcisso Walters (1942), Grace Kelly Bent, Annette Fenton (1973), Yolanda Rossman (1961), Deborah Robb Taylor (1965), Nydia Taylor (1953) y Andira Watson (1977); y en Panamá, Eyra Harbar y Melanie Taylor. Respecto a las escritoras garífunas, en Honduras se encuentra Xiomara Mercedes Cacho Caballero (1968), en Nicaragua, Isabel Estrada Colindres (1953) y en Guatemala, Nora Murillo (1964). Esta comunicación realiza un recorrido muy breve de una selección de autoras, no son todas, imposible agotarlas, pero si brinda el sentido y continuidad de esa importante tradición escritural.
Perda dentária e fatores associados em diferentes grupos populacionais
Authors: Dos Santos Lairds Rodrigues 
Published: March 2022

RESUMOObjetivo: Investigar na literatura se existem fatores que associados à perda dentária sejam mais prevalentes entre os diferentes grupos populacionais. A perda dentária pode variar drasticamente dependendo do grupo populacional. Método: Revisão da literatura realizada através de pesquisa nas bases de dados do PubMed, Scielo e Lilacs. O período de buscas das publicações foi de janeiro a março de 2021. Utilizou-se descritores combinados “Tooth loss” e “Associated factors” seguido do operador boleano AND. Para os critérios de inclusão foram selecionados artigos de estudos primários sobre perda dentária e fatores associados em diferentes grupos populacionais. Resultados: As perdas dentárias variam de acordo com as diferenças culturais de cada grupo populacional. Conclusão: O nível educacional, bem como a presença de cárie e condição periodontal, é mais comum em pacientes jovens e adultos. Condições como idade, renda mensal, tabagismo e menor estado mental estão mais associados à população idosa.
Análisis parabólico de la prevalencia al consumo de cannabis
Authors: Lagunas Puls Sergio , Boggio Vázquez Juan 
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: representar la prevalencia al consumo del cannabis por gramo en hierba y establecer escenarios mediante parábolas. Metodología: La propuesta utiliza datos contenidos en el “Informe Mundial de Drogas 2018: crisis de opioides, abuso de medicamentos y niveles récord de opio y cocaína” del mes de junio del 2018. La información demuestra grandes variaciones, en un mercado con prevalente ilegalidad, que limita emplear modelos convencionales, pero establece oportunidad para proponer alternativas como las parábolas. Resultados: estos demuestran que es posible establecer escenarios con mayor y menor volatilidad mediante parábolas. Conclusiones: los escenarios para 2026 con base en la población entre 15 y 64 años indican que en África el porcentaje de prevalencia al consumo estaría entre 5,67% y 12,99%, en América la prevalencia se ubicaría entre 8,06% y 9,63%, en Asia estaría entre 1,66% y 2,77%, Europa 5,8% y 6,03% y Oceanía entre 8,57% y 14,59%.
Subject-auxiliary inversion in academic prose
Authors: Prado-Alonso Carlos 
Published: March 2022

This paper describes a corpus-based analysis of subject-auxiliary inversion in academic prose texts. The focus of the analysis is Chen’s (2013) X Auxiliary Subject construction (XASC), where X codes the fronting of a constituent which triggers the inversion of the auxiliary and the subject, as in Little did she understand what was being dealt with or What does that mean?
It is argued that the distribution of subject-auxiliary inversion in academic prose is related to the degree of an addressor’s involvement in the texts. It will be shown that the more involvement in an academic prose text, the more inversions are to be expected. Furthermore, the data will show that subject-auxiliary inversion is far more frequently attested in learned exposition academic prose texts than in scientific exposition academic prose texts, and that the construction itself can be seen to serve as a discourse marker through which an addressor’s involvement is coded in academic writing.