bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable artificial intelligence for cybersecurity: a literature survey
Authors: Charmet Fabien , Tanuwidjaja Harry Chandra , Ayoubi Solayman , Gimenez Pierre-François , Han Yufei , Jmila Houda , Blanc Gregory , Takahashi Takeshi , Zhang Zonghua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the extensive application of deep learning (DL) algorithms in recent years, e.g., for detecting Android malware or vulnerable source code, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly becoming essential in the development of cybersecurity solutions. However, sharing the same fundamental limitation with other DL application domains, such as computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP), AI-based cybersecurity solutions are incapable of justifying the results (ranging from detection and prediction to reasoning and decision-making) and making them understandable to humans. Consequently, explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a paramount topic addressing the related challenges of making AI models explainable or interpretable to human users. It is particularly relevant in cybersecurity domain, in that XAI may allow security operators, who are overwhelmed with tens of thousands of security alerts per day (most of which are false positives), to better assess the potential threats and reduce alert fatigue. We conduct an extensive literature review on the intersection between XAI and cybersecurity. Particularly, we investigate the existing literature from two perspectives: the applications of XAI to cybersecurity (e.g., intrusion detection, malware classification), and the security of XAI (e.g., attacks on XAI pipelines, potential countermeasures). We characterize the security of XAI with several security properties that have been discussed in the literature. We also formulate open questions that are either unanswered or insufficiently addressed in the literature, and discuss future directions of research.
Normalized solutions to fractional mass supercritical NLS systems with Sobolev critical nonlinearities
Authors: Zuo Jiabin , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the following fractional Sobolev critical Nonlinear Schrödinger coupled systems:$$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{lll} (-\Delta )^{s} u=\mu _{1} u+|u|^{2^{*}_{s}-2}u+\eta _{1}|u|^{p-2}u+\gamma \alpha |u|^{\alpha -2}u|v|^{\beta } ~ \text {in}~ {\mathbb {R}}^{N},\\ (-\Delta )^{s} v=\mu _{2} v+|v|^{2^{*}_{s}-2}v+\eta _{2}|v|^{q-2}v+\gamma \beta |u|^{\alpha }|v|^{\beta -2}v ~~\text {in}~ {\mathbb {R}}^{N},\\ \Vert u\Vert ^{2}_{L^{2}}=m_{1}^{2} ~\text {and}~ \Vert v\Vert ^{2}_{L^{2}}=m_{2}^{2}, \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}$$(-Δ)su=μ1u+|u|2s∗-2u+η1|u|p-2u+γα|u|α-2u|v|βinRN,(-Δ)sv=μ2v+|v|2s∗-2v+η2|v|q-2v+γβ|u|α|v|β-2vinRN,‖u‖L22=m12and‖v‖L22=m22,where$$(-\Delta )^{s}$$(-Δ)sis the fractional Laplacian,$$N>2s$$N>2s,$$s\in (0,1)$$s∈(0,1),$$\mu _{1}, \mu _{2}\in {\mathbb {R}}$$μ1,μ2∈Rare unknown constants, which will appear as Lagrange multipliers,$$2^{*}_{s}$$2s∗is the fractional Sobolev critical index,$$\eta _{1}, \eta _{2}, \gamma , m_{1}, m_{2}>0$$η1,η2,γ,m1,m2>0,$$\alpha>1, \beta >1$$α>1,β>1,$$p, q, \alpha +\beta \in (2+4s/N,2^{*}_{s}]$$p,q,α+β∈(2+4s/N,2s∗]. Firstly, if$$p, q, \alpha +\beta <2^{*}_{s}$$p,q,α+β<2s∗, we obtain the existence of positive normalized solution when$$\gamma $$γis big enough. Secondly, if$$p=q=\alpha +\beta =2^{*}_{s}$$p=q=α+β=2s∗, we show that nonexistence of positive normalized solution. The main ideas and methods of this paper are scaling transformation, classification discussion and concentration-compactness principle.
Isometries on almost Ricci–Yamabe solitons
Authors: Khatri Mohan , Zosangzuala C. , Singh Jay Prakash 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper is to examine the isometries of almost Ricci–Yamabe solitons. Firstly, the conditions under which a compact gradient almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton is isometric to Euclidean sphere $$S^n(r)$$

S
n

(
r
)

are obtained. Moreover, we have shown that the potential f of a compact gradient almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton agrees with the Hodge–de Rham potential h. Next, we studied complete gradient almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton with $$\alpha \ne 0$$

α
≠
0

and non-trivial conformal vector field with non-negative scalar curvature and proved that it is either isometric to Euclidean space $$E^n$$

E
n

or Euclidean sphere $$S^n.$$

S
n

.

Also, solenoidal and torse-forming vector fields are considered. Lastly, some non-trivial examples are constructed to verify the obtained results.
On some curves in three-dimensional $$\beta $$-Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Bozdağ Şerife Nur , Perktaş Selcen Yüksel , Erdoğan Feyza Esra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper is devoted to examine necessary and sufficient conditions for a Frenet curve to be f-harmonic, f-biharmonic, bi-f-harmonic and f-biminimal in three-dimensional $$\beta $$
β
-Kenmotsu manifolds. In addition, such conditions are investigated for slant curves.
Sintering and mechanical properties of carbon bulks from ordered mesoporous carbon and nano diamond
Authors: Miao Bowen , Wang Junzhuo , Li Jianlin , Gu Shijia , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPowder metallurgy is important in material preparation. Due to the inertness of carbon materials, however, sintering powdered carbon into physically coherent bulks has been a great challenge even at a high temperature (2000 °C). Improving the sintering activity of carbon powders is the key to the success of the consolidation of the carbon powders. Here ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) is used as the starting material to produce highly homogeneous novel carbon bulks. During sintering at 1800 °C, the huge specific surface area of the OMC greatly promotes the migration of carbon atoms and thus the sintering of the OMC by surface diffusion mechanism. When nanodiamond (ND) is added, the volume expansion associated with the phase transformation of diamond to graphite facilitates the densification of the powder compacts. The strong connection between the OMC and the graphite onions derived from the ND bestows the as-prepared carbon bulks with excellent mechanical properties. The current research pioneers a novel way to prepare high-strength carbon materials at relatively low temperatures.
Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis in centenarians: a systematic review
Authors: Mandalà Caterina , Veronese Nicola , Dominguez Ligia J. , Candore Giuseppina , Accardi Giulia , Smith Lee , Herrero Maria Trinidad , Barbagallo Mario 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Centenarians often represent one of the best examples of aging successfully. However, the role of body composition or hydration status assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is poorly explored in this population. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to better understand the use and the role of BIA for evaluating body composition and hydration status in centenarians.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the literature up to the 1st of May, 2022 for published articles providing data on BIA to evaluate body composition parameters or hydration status in centenarians. Data were summarized descriptively because a meta-analysis was not possible due to the scarcity of available studies.

Results
Among 2222 articles screened, four were eligible including 291 centenarians (mean age: 100.5 years) who were mainly women (88%). In one study, BIA overestimated fat-free mass and underestimated fat mass when compared to deuterium oxide dilution. Another study carried out in Italy including 14 centenarians found a significant correlation between BIA and fat-free mass evaluated using anthropometric tools. In one study, BIA showed a significant agreement with anthropometric measures of fat mass. In the same sample, sarcopenia and dehydration, evaluated with BIA, had a high prevalence.

Conclusion
BIA may be used for assessing body composition in centenarians, but research is limited to a few studies suggesting the need of future research in this area.
Persönlichkeitsprofile und individueller Umgang mit Stress im Altersgruppenvergleich von ukrainischen (weiblichen) Lehrern
Authors: Thielmann Beatrice , Jurkul Tanja , Zavgorodnii Igor , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Lehrer gehören zu den Berufen mit hohen psychoemotionalen Belastungen, denen Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und der individuelle Umgang mit Stress entgegenwirken, um die negativen Beanspruchungsfolgen zu vermeiden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand in der altersabhängigen Analyse des individuellen Umgangs mit Stresssituationen und ihrer situationsbedingten Persönlichkeitsprofile.

Methodik
Die Stichprobe umfasste 238 ukrainische Lehrer (98,3 % weiblich) im Durchschnittsalter von 43,7 ± 12,55 Jahren. Die Gesamtstichprobe wurde in 2 Altersgruppen AG I (< 45 Jahre) und AG II (≥ 45 Jahre) unterteilt. Es wurden das Differentielle Stress Inventar (DSI-HR) nach Lefèvre und Kubinger sowie das Inventar zur Persönlichkeitsdiagnostik in Situationen (IPS) nach Schaarschmidt und Fischer bewertet.

Ergebnisse
Es fanden sich signifikante Altersgruppenunterschiede in den DSI-Variablen „Stressauslösung“ (p = 0,002), „Stressauslösung durch Alltagsgeschehen“ (p = 0,005), „Stressauslösung durch Interaktion“ (p = 0,001) und „Stressstabilisierung“ (p = 0,005). Dabei sind ältere Lehrer häufiger überbeansprucht (41,2 %) als jüngere (31,3 %). Hier gibt es eine statistisch vergleichbare Verteilung der Altersgruppen innerhalb der vier IPS-Profile.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ältere ukrainische Lehrer sich subjektiv beanspruchter fühlten. Es bedarf einer Implementierung von Gesundheits- und Präventionsmaßnahmen bei alternder, hier überwiegend weiblicher Lehrerschaft, um die Gesundheit der älteren Lehrer der Ukraine langfristig aufrechtzuerhalten. Eine arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge, wie in Deutschland vorgeschrieben, ist auch an Schulen in der Ukraine zu empfehlen.
Reading an Islamic epistemology into research: Muslim converts and contemporary religion in Britain
Authors: Adebolajo Jeremiah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a tentative argument for the application of a unique methodological approach in researching convert Muslims in contemporary Britain. By throwing into relief some of the theoretical limitations of previous studies on the topic, a case is made for a dialectical model of thinking that foregrounds Islamic epistemology and places it into conversation with a critical posture. The article contributes to a wider discourse within academia about the ability of the contemporary study of religion to reflect the increasingly diverse world of religious and non-religious practice found in contemporary Britain. It is critical of the over enfranchisement of secular readings of Islamic conversion specifically, and orientalist framings of Islamic identity generally. I conclude by asserting insider positionality and the primacy of reflexivity as an approach to ensure intellectual rigour.
Cooperation patterns in the ERASMUS student exchange network: an empirical study
Authors: Gadár László , Kosztyán Zsolt T. , Telcs András , Abonyi János 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ERASMUS program is the most extensive cooperation network of European higher education institutions. The network involves 90% of European universities and hundreds of thousands of students. The allocated money and number of travelers in the program are growing yearly. By considering the interconnection of institutions, the study asks how the program’s budget performs, whether the program can achieve its expected goals, and how the program contributes to the development of a European identity, interactions among young people from different countries and learning among cultures. Our goal was to review and explore the elements of network structures that can be used to understand the complexity of the whole ERASMUS student mobility network at the institutional level. The results suggest some socioeconomic and individual behavioral factors underpinning the emergence of the network. While the nodes are spatially distributed, geographical distance does not play a role in the network’s structure, although parallel travelling strategies exist, i.e., in terms of preference of short- and long-distance. The European regions of home and host countries also affect the network. One of the most considerable driving forces of edge formation between institutions are the subject areas represented by participating institutions. The study finds that faculties of institutions are connected rather than institutions, and multilayer network model suggested to explore the mechanisms of those connections. The results indicate that the information uncovered by the study is helpful to scholars and policymakers.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Rights and Wellbeing: Analysis of the Ugandan Response to the Global Virus
Authors: Mwenyango Hadijah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused dilemmas for the most vulnerable populations around the world. This article describes the gendered effects of the pandemic on Ugandan women’s rights and wellbeing and provides suggestions for local and international practice. Mandatory lockdowns and movement restrictions created negative implications for women’s attainment of economic, social, cultural, political and civil rights and intensified pre-existing gender inequalities between women and men. The findings of intensified gender inequities, gender-based violence, sexual abuse, scanty access to reproductive health services and social justice, and barriers to participation in education, employment and politics indicate that response measures were not aligned with the government’s legal and policy framework for addressing gender inequities. This research indicates that governments, civil society organisations and the international community must undertake proper gender analysis in designing response measures and guidelines not only for COVID-19 but also in other emergencies. All response measures during emergencies must be coordinated, monitored and evaluated to ensure efficient and effective protection of the vulnerable and conformity to human rights standards.
Unpleasant Memories on the Web in Employment Relations: A Ricoeurian Approach
Authors: Habisch André , Kletz Pierre , Wack Eva 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCybervetting has become common practice in personnel decision-making processes of organizations. While it represents a quick and inexpensive way of obtaining additional information on employees and applicants, it gives rise to a variety of legal and ethical concerns. To limit companies’ access to personal information, a right to be forgotten has been introduced by the European jurisprudence. By discussing the notion of forgetting from the perspective of French hermeneutic philosopher Paul Ricoeur, the present article demonstrates that both, companies and employees, would be harmed if access to online information on applicants and current employees would be denied. Consistent with a Humanistic Management approach that promotes human dignity and flourishing in the workplace, this article proposes guidance for the responsible handling of unpleasant online memories in personnel decision-making processes, thereby following Ricoeur’s notion of forgetting as “kept in reserve”. Enabling applicants and employees to take a qualified stand on their past is more beneficial to both sides than a right to be forgotten that is questionable in several respects.
The Professional Athlete Career Lifespan: Through an Indigenous Lens
Authors: Keung Sierra , Enari Dion 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe rise of non-European sport athletes has meant a need for their cultural ways to be acknowledged in the sporting arena. Although the players' cultures are visible in sports, through war chants, tattoos, and cultural singing, much of their interactions as athletes are underpinned by foreign western centric philosophies. Many of them are forced to work in an environment which privileges individual capitalism, over their cultural values of service. The failure of sporting organisations to understand the cultural beliefs and practices of players has not only resulted in cultural exclusion but also an incorrect analysis of the player lifespan of these athletes. As Indigenous researchers, we use a culturally appropriate service model to underpin the lifecycle of these professional athletes. Through the analysis of three Indigenous professional athletes from various sporting codes, we provide insight into their professional life span along with their priorities, responsibilities, and duties. By exploring their narratives through a cultural lens, the professional life span of a rookie, veteran and legend athlete are explored and analysed. It is envisioned that this article will provide a strengths-based view of Indigenous athletes and the unique worldviews they bring.
Vertrauen, Autonomie und Ziele
Authors: Melichar Hannes Gustav 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungVertrauen in andere Menschen und unsere Umwelt ist zweifellos eine der Voraussetzungen für den sozialen Zusammenhalt im Allgemeinen, aber auch für ein gelingendes Leben des Einzelnen. In der Philosophie hat Vertrauen als zentrales Thema in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Viele der Konzeptualisierungen verstehen Vertrauen als eine Erwartung von Verlässlichkeit, der ein weiterer Faktor hinzugefügt wird. Im Gegensatz dazu wird im vorliegenden Artikel argumentiert, dass Vertrauen in einer Haltung besteht, die die autonomen Ziele anderer Wesen mit den eigenen Zwecken in Einklang setzt. Diese Haltung wird aufgrund ihrer lebensweltlichen Grundlage der Zielorientierung als aristotelische Haltung charakterisiert. Dass Lebewesen zielorientiert sind, wird in Anlehnung an die Philosophie der Biologie von Hans Jonas und den Enaktivismus erklärt. Die Fähigkeit, diese Zielorientierung wahrzunehmen, wird in dem Artikel mit Hilfe der entwicklungspsychologischen Theorie von Tomassello und dem phänomenologischen Verständnis von Empathie analysiert. Um die Fruchtbarkeit des so entfalteten Vertrauensbegriffs zu demonstrieren, wird schließlich gezeigt, wie Vertrauen als zentraler Baustein im Kontext von Psychotherapien wirksam wird.
Design, fabrication, and structural safety validation of 3D-printable biporous bone augments
Authors: Kang Yeokyung , Lim Dasol , Sun Doo-Hoon , Park Jong-Chul , Kim Jungsung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of commercial products such as a cup and liner for total hip arthroplasty for patients with severe bone defects has a high probability of failure. In these patients the cup alone cannot cover the bone defect, and thus, an additional augment or cage is required. In this study, we designed three-dimensional (3D) printable bone augments as an alternative to surgeries using reinforcement cages. Thirty-five sharp-edged bone augments of various sizes were 3D printed. A biporous structure was designed to reduce the weight of the augment and to facilitate bone ingrowth. Two types of frames were used to prevent damage to the augment’s porous structure and maintain its stability during printing. Furthermore, two types of holes were provided for easy augment fixation at various angles. Fatigue tests were performed on a combination of worst-case sizes derived using finite element analysis. The test results confirmed the structural stability of the specimens at a load of 5340 N. Although the porosity of the specimens was measured to be 63.70%, it cannot be said that the porous nature was uniformly distributed because porosity tests were performed locally and randomly. In summary, 3D-printable biporous bone augments capable of bonding from various angles and bidirectionally through angulation and bottom-plane screw holes are proposed. The mechanical results with bone augments indicate good structural safety in patients. However, further research is necessary to study the clinical applications of the proposed bone augment.
Graphic abstract
A Systematic Review on Primary School Teachers’ Characteristics and Behaviors in Identifying, Preventing, and Reducing Bullying
Authors: van Aalst Danelien A. E. , Huitsing Gijs , Veenstra René 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite the expanding body of research on school bullying and interventions, knowledge is limited on what teachers should do to identify, prevent, and reduce bullying. This systematic literature review provides an overview of research on the role of primary school teachers with regard to bullying and victimization. A conceptual framework was developed in line with the Theory of Planned Pehavior, which can serve in further research to facilitate research in investigating the prevention and reduction of bullying. Different elements of this framework were distinguished in categorizing the literature: teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, perceived subjective norms, and self-efficacy, which impacted subsequently the likelihood to intervene, used strategies and programs, and ultimately the bullying prevalence in the classroom. In total, 75 studies complied to the inclusion criteria and were reviewed systematically. The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment was used to assess the quality of each study, leading to 25 papers with an adequate research design that were discussed in more detail. The approach in this review provides a framework to combine studies on single or multiple elements of a complex theoretical model of which only some parts have been empirically investigated.
Development of a new hydrophobic magnetic biochar for removing oil spills on the water surface
Authors: Sun Xiaojun , Fu Hongrui , Bao Mutai , Liu Wei , Luo Chengyi , Li Yang , Li Yiming , Lu Jinren 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMore technologies are urgently needed for combined use to effectively eliminate the effect of oil spills, an environmental problem of widespread concern. Among these technologies, sorption methods are available to remove residual oil and prevent the further spread on the water surface. In this study, biochars, prepared from different feedstock materials and pyrolysis temperatures, were screened and further modified to improve their application in the water environment. Among cornstalk biochar (CSBC), corncob biochar (CCBC), Sophora sawdust biochar (SSBC), and rice husk biochar (RHBC), the CSBC had excellent oil sorption capacity, especially prepared at 350℃ (CSBC350), which has a complete and full pore structure. Furthermore, magnetic and silane agent modifications of CSBC350 (OMBC) were performed to enhance the properties of the magnetic field controllability and hydrophobicity to increase oil sorption. The OMBC exhibited satisfactory oil sorption capacities to crude oil, diesel oil, and engine oil in the water-oil system of 8.77 g g−1, 4.01 g g−1, and 4.44 g g−1, respectively. The sorption process of CSBC350 and OMBC complied with the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 > 0.97) and the Langmuir isotherm models (R2 > 0.80) based on the highest regression coefficients. The sorption mechanisms are dominated by hydrophobic forces, pore intercepts, and hydrogen-bond interactions. The biochar adsorbent can availably cooperate with other physical methods to eliminate oil contaminants, which can be an outstanding fuel source for producing heat.
Graphical Abstract