bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Clinical Results of Fluorescence Lifetime-enhanced Tumor Imaging Using Receptor-targeted Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Pal Rahul , Hom Marisa E. , van den Berg Nynke S. , Lwin Thinzar M. , Lee Yu-Jin , Prilutskiy Andrey , Faquin William , Yang Eric , Saladi Srinivas V. , Varvares Mark A. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Kumar Anand T.N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Fluorescence molecular imaging, using cancer-targeted near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes, offers the promise of accurate tumor delineation during surgeries and the detection of cancer specific molecular expression in vivo. However, nonspecific probe accumulation in normal tissue results in poor tumor fluorescence contrast, precluding widespread clinical adoption of novel imaging agents. Here we present the first clinical evidence that fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging can provide tumor specificity at the cellular level in patients systemically injected with panitumumab-IRDye800CW, an EGFR-targeted NIR fluorescent probe.

Experimental Design:
We performed wide-field and microscopic FLT imaging of resection specimens from patients injected with panitumumab-IRDye800CW under an FDA directed clinical trial.

Results:
We show that the FLT within EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells is significantly longer than the FLT of normal tissue, providing high sensitivity (&gt;98%) and specificity (&gt;98%) for tumor versus normal tissue classification, despite the presence of significant nonspecific probe accumulation. We further show microscopic evidence that the mean tissue FLT is spatially correlated (r &gt; 0.85) with tumor-specific EGFR expression in tissue and is consistent across multiple patients. These tumor cell-specific FLT changes can be detected through thick biological tissue, allowing highly specific tumor detection and noninvasive monitoring of tumor EFGR expression in vivo.

Conclusions:
Our data indicate that FLT imaging is a promising approach for enhancing tumor contrast using an antibody-targeted NIR probe with a proven safety profile in humans, suggesting a strong potential for clinical applications in image guided surgery, cancer diagnostics, and staging.
Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Disease and Coronary Vasospasm in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mileva Niya , Nagumo Sakura , Mizukami Takuya , Sonck Jeroen , Berry Colin , Gallinoro Emanuele , Monizzi Giovanni , Candreva Alessandro , Munhoz Daniel , Vassilev Dobrin , Penicka Martin , Barbato Emanuele , De Bruyne Bernard , Collet Carlos 
Published: March 2022

Background
A relevant proportion of patients with suspected coronary artery disease undergo invasive coronary angiography showing normal or nonobstructive coronary arteries. However, the prevalence of coronary microvascular disease (CMD) and coronary spasm in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease remains to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of coronary CMD and coronary vasospastic angina in patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies assessing the prevalence of CMD and vasospastic angina in patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease was performed. Random‐effects models were used to determine the prevalence of these 2 disease entities. Fifty‐six studies comprising 14 427 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of CMD was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.36–0.47), epicardial vasospasm 0.40 (95% CI, 0.34–0.46) and microvascular spasm 24% (95% CI, 0.21–0.28). The prevalence of combined CMD and vasospastic angina was 0.23 (95% CI, 0.17–0.31). Female patients had a higher risk of presenting with CMD compared with male patients (risk ratio, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.11–1.90]). CMD prevalence was similar when assessed using noninvasive or invasive diagnostic methods.

Conclusions
In patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease, approximately half of the cases were reported to have CMD and/or coronary spasm. CMD was more prevalent among female patients. Greater awareness among physicians of ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries is urgently needed for accurate diagnosis and patient‐tailored management.
Spotlight on the Left Frontal Cortex: No Evidence for Response Inhibition from Cathodal High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus or Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Schroeder Philipp A. , Seewald Anna , Svaldi Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inhibitory control functions draw on a fronto-basal network with central cortical hubs at the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the pre-SMA. However, few neuropsychological studies investigated the role of brain regions in the left frontal cortex and some previous evidence from bilateral studies remained inconclusive. This study presents a systematic investigation with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD tDCS) in a focal 4 × 1 configuration, which was used to target the left IFG or the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with 1-mA active or sham cathodal HD tDCS. Healthy participants were randomized into three groups. We analyzed performance in an adaptive stop-signal task to quantify inhibitory control before (baseline), during cathodal HD tDCS (on-line), and after cathodal HD tDCS (off-line) to either left IFG, left DLPFC, or sham. Results from 67 participants and Bayesian analyses indicated moderate evidence against an effect of cathodal tDCS (left DLPFC and left IFG compared with sham) regardless of timing, that is, on-line or off-line cathodal HD tDCS. The study results are examined in view of previous neuropsychological and neurostimulation studies with bilateral and unilateral cathodal tDCS in healthy and patient samples. Theoretically, our results are compatible with a right-lateralization of response inhibition functions and suggest a negligible role of the left frontal hemisphere in healthy participants, but more stimulation parameters can be still explored in the left hemisphere. In line with previous studies, right inferior frontal gyrus seems a more promising target to investigate or alleviate response inhibition with tDCS.
“To Fall, or Not to Fall, That Is the (Preliminary) Question”: Disputes, Compromissory Clauses and Swinging Jurisdictional Tests at the ICJ
Authors: Dimetto Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
More and more frequently, states resort to the ICJ, claiming the violation of international treaties and attempting to ground the jurisdiction of the Court on compromissory clauses contained therein. Despite the growing number of such cases, an analysis of recently rendered judgments on preliminary objections demonstrates that until now the Court has been unable or unwilling to identify and apply a coherent jurisdictional test to assess its jurisdiction ratione materiae. Some suggestions are formulated as for the test that the Court should apply to determine whether the claims presented by the applicant genuinely fall within the provisions of the international treaty containing the compromissory clause vel non.
The Responsibility to Protect and Counter-terrorism
Authors: Zimmerman Shannon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and counter-terrorism are two concepts that came of age in the new millennium. They have routinely been cast as contradictory, a dichotomy where actors must make a choice between prioritizing individual human rights or the security of the state. The evolution of these two concepts over the past 20 years, however, has shown that there are as many congruences between R2P and counter-terrorism as there are areas of conflict. This introduction briefly details the genesis of the R2P and counter-terrorism and highlights their shared basis in state sovereignty and protection of human rights. It then introduces the articles in this special issue, each of which looks at different areas of congruence or conflict between R2P and counter-terrorism.
Scholem’s Dobrushka: The Political Career of a Frankist
Authors: Campanini Saverio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article deals with Gershom Scholem’s interest in the historical figure of Moses Dobrushka (also known as Thomas von Schönfeld, and, in his last days, as Junius Frey), a central European Frankist, who first converted to Christianity and then to Jacobinism, embracing revolutionary ideals in Paris. The reasons for this interest, it is argued, were not merely scientific, but firmly rooted in Scholem’s construction of Zionism’s negative political theology.
Egypt – New Developments in Arbitration Law
Authors: Abdel Wahab Mohamed S. , Khaled Noha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Arbitration in Egypt is undergoing changes to cope with the novel global developments in international arbitration. These changes mainly feature in the reasoning of court decisions deciding on arbitration related matters and more specifically nullity actions filed against arbitral awards, as well as in contemplated legislative and regulatory amendments. This summary update tackles four principal new developments. Firstly, the amendments to the Supreme Constitutional Court’s Law which vests the Supreme Constitutional Court with new powers to review the constitutionality of (1) decisions rendered by international organisations, and (2) foreign court judgments which enforcement is sought against the Egyptian state in Egypt. Secondly, the closure of an ongoing saga in relation to the setting aside of the famous Kharafi vs. Libya arbitral award, whereby the Egyptian Court of Cassation finally upheld the validity of the arbitral award and dismissed the Libyan state’s nullity action. Thirdly, the judgment of the Egyptian Court of Cassation, which, for the first time in its history, annulled an ICC arbitral award based on Article 53(2) of the Egyptian Arbitration Law. Fourthly, the Covid-19 silver lining as reflected in a 2020 Court of Cassation decision, rendered midst the pandemic, whereby the Court established and affirmed many principles including, the principle of estoppel, party representation in arbitration by foreign and non-lawyers, delocalisation (distinguishing between seat and venue) and explicitly referred to the conduct of virtual hearings.
Turkish Competition Board (“TCB”) Has Launched an Investigation against Facebook for Its Recent Implementation Concerning Data Sharing Preferences
Authors: Eroğlu Muzaffer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2021 Turkish Competition Board (“TCB”) has initiated an official investigation against Facebook for its data sharing policy changes after WhatsApp announced new terms and conditions requiring users to agree to new privacy rules for sharing personal data with Facebook companies. Equipped with new power after 2021 changes to Law number 4054 on the Protection of Competition the TCB utilised interim measure power and banned all data shares by WhatsApp. This article examines the decision from various angels and offers prediction for he future of data sharing policies by powerful social media undertakings.
DNA Testing and Paternity Lawsuits in Morocco: The Tangier’s Court Case
Authors: El Bernoussi Zaynab 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A child born out of wedlock is typically not entitled to paternity recognition in Morocco. In an unprecedented move in 2017, the First Instance Family Court in Tangiers recognized the familial relationship connecting a father to his biological daughter and ordered him to pay child support, but the ruling was revoked at the appellate court. The appellate court also invalidated the lower court’s use of international conventions, explaining that the child is so foreign to her father that the possibility of their future marriage would not be overruled. After further appeal, the overruling of the appellate court was confirmed at the cassation level in September 29, 2020. The Tangiers First Instance Family Court allowed for DNA tests to be admitted into evidence in family law cases, a procedure that is usually avoided. The plaintiff was a mother who wanted to prove the paternity (bunuwwa) and lineage (nasab) of her daughter born out of wedlock. The case illustrates how, as medical science advances, international law and conventions may interact with domestic, Islamic, and constitutional law. This case also shows how two Muslim jurists reacted to DNA testing and their starkly different use of such expertise in their judicial reasoning.
Discussion in Diverse Middle School Social Studies Classrooms: Promoting All Students’ Participation in the Disciplinary Work of Inquiry
Authors: Monte-Sano Chauncey , Schleppegrell Mary , Sun Sida , Wu Jiaxin , Kabat Jeff 
Published: March 2022

Background/Context: Although calls for rich discussion and argumentation about disciplinary texts and content are frequent, research indicates that in classrooms such discussions are rare. When discussions do happen, few students tend to participate. Purpose/Focus of Study: We look to exemplar teachers’ classrooms where a range of ethnically, racially, linguistically, and academically diverse students participated substantively in discussions throughout social studies inquiries to understand what those teachers do to support broad and substantive student participation in discussion, knowing that discussion promotes student learning. Research Design: Using video recordings of class sessions, we conducted discourse analysis and used case study methods to examine classroom discourse over 20 days of inquiry across an academic year within the context of a larger, design-based research project. Findings: We identify how two teachers build toward and facilitate three types of disciplinary, whole-class, text-based discussions: Sensemaking, Argumentative, and Culminating Argumentative. We analyze the instructional work involved in preparing students for discussions, in situating discussions within a larger context of inquiry, and in facilitating discussions in the moment, focusing on the intellectual work being done when students take extended turns of talk that build on what has been said before. Conclusions/Recommendations: This work contributes a broader understanding of how students’ full participation in disciplinary discussion and argumentation can be supported in the context of inquiry. We draw implications for enabling all students to participate in inquiry, with particular attention to students learning English or needing support for reading complex sources.
Dual-layer spectral detector CT arthrography of the shoulder: assessment of image quality and value in differentiating calcium from iodine
Authors: Yoon Hyeyoung , Kang Yusuhn , Kim Hyo Jin , Lee Eugene , Ahn Joong Mo , Lee Joon Woo 
Published: March 2022

Background Dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (DLCT) may potentially improve CT arthrography through enhanced image quality and analysis of the chemical composition of tissue. Purpose To evaluate the image quality of monoenergetic reconstructions from DLCT arthrography of the shoulder and assess the additional diagnostic value in differentiating calcium from iodine. Material and Methods Images from consecutive shoulder DLCT arthrography examinations performed between December 2016 and February 2018 were retrospectively reviewed for hyperattenuating lesions within the labrum and tendons. The mean attenuation of the target lesion, noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the virtual monoenergetic images obtained at 40–200 keV were compared with conventional 140-kVp images. Two evaluators independently classified each target lesion as contrast media or calcification, without and with DLCT spectral data. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance of shoulder DLCT arthrography, without and with the aid of spectral data. Results The study included 20 target lesions (18 DLCT arthrography examinations of 17 patients). The SNRs of the monoenergetic images at 40–60 keV were significantly higher than those of conventional images ( P < 0.05). The CNRs of the monoenergetic images at 40–70 keV were significantly higher than those of conventional images ( P < 0.001). The ability to differentiate calcium from iodine, without and with DLCT spectral data, did not significantly differ ( P = 0.441 and P = 0.257 for reviewers 1 and 2, respectively). Conclusion DLCT had no additive value in differentiating calcium from iodine in small, hyperattenuating lesions in the labrum and tendons.
Involvement of adenosine signaling pathway in migraine pathophysiology: A systematic review of clinical studies
Authors: Thuraiaiyah Janu , Kokoti Lili , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Ashina Messoud 
Published: March 2022

Objective To systematically review clinical studies investigating the involvement of adenosine and its receptors in migraine pathophysiology. Background Adenosine is a purinergic signaling molecule, clinically used in cardiac imaging during stress tests. Headache is a frequent adverse event after intravenous adenosine administration. Migraine headache relief is reported after intake of adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine. These findings suggest a possible involvement of adenosine signaling in migraine pathophysiology and its potential as a drug target. Methods A search through PubMed and EMBASE was undertaken for clinical studies investigating the role of adenosine and its receptors in migraine, published until September 2021. Results A total of 2510 studies were screened by title and abstract. Of these, seven clinical studies were included. The main findings were that adenosine infusion induced headache, and plasma adenosine levels were elevated during ictal compared to interictal periods in migraine patients. Conclusion The present systematic review emphasizes a potentially important role of adenosine signaling in migraine pathogenesis. Further randomized and placebo-controlled clinical investigations applying adenosine receptors modulators in migraine patients are needed to further understand the adenosine involvement in migraine.
The burden and health care use of patients with migraine and tension-type headache in post-conflict area of Serbia
Authors: Milosevic Nenad , Trajkovic Jasna Zidverc , Mijajlovic Milija , Milosevic Jovana , Novakovic Tatjana , Vitosevic Zdravko , Tasic Mirjana Stojanovic , Pekmezovic Tatjana 
Published: March 2022

Purpose The aim of the present study was to assess the burden and health care use of adult patients with migraine and tension type headache in a post-conflict area of Serbia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of adults, living in predominantly Serb communities on the Kosovo and Metohija territory. The required data was obtained through a survey, utilizing a culturally-adapted questionnaire. The study sample comprised of 1,062 adults. Results In the year preceding the study, 49.7% of included subjects suffering from migraines and 27.5% of those experiencing tension type headache sought medical assistance for their condition. The majority (88.5%) of the respondents utilized non steroid antiinfammatory drugs as analgesic, while 14.2% used prophylactic treatment. Migraine sufferers reported losing on average 11.1 days in a 3-month period, while those experiencing tension type headache lost 4.7 days (p < 0.001) due to headaches, preventing them from partaking in professional, family and social activities. On headache-free days, 24.5% of the respondents were anxious or tense in anticipation of a headache onset, while 30% did not feel that the headache had completely resolved. Moreover, 11.5% of the sample reported never or rarely feeling in control of the headache, while 20% of the respondents were of view that their headaches were not taken seriously by their employer and co-workers and rarely discuss them. Adverse effect of headaches on education is more frequently noted by migraine sufferers than those experiencing tension type headache (p = 0.001), and this disparity persists in relation to career (p < 0.001) and family planning (p = 0.001). Conclusions In Kosovo and Metohija, primary headaches exert a profound influence on the affected individuals and their community, and thus require recognition as one of the priorities of social initiatives aimed at the enhancement of public health.
MicroRNA-122-5p prevents proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells by suppressing the cellular-Abelsongene/histone deacetylases 2 pathway
Authors: Wu ZongYang , Wang JinBo , Feng JiYe , Ying LiPing 
Published: March 2022

Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response and the activation of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is the core of hepatic fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the development of fibrosis. It is reported that histone deacetylases (HDAC2) tyrosine phosphorylation by cellular-Abelsongene (c-Abl) induces malignant growth of cells. Here, we investigated the effect of miR-122-5p on the proliferation and apoptosis of HSCs. Normal human HSC line LX-2 and LX-2 cells stimulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 for 24 h were cultured and assigned into the blank group and the TGF-β1 group. The miR-122-5p inhibitor and its negative control were transfected into LX-2 cells and miR-122-5p mimic and its negative control were transfected into LX-2 cells stimulated by TGF-β1. The result showed that miR-122-5p expression was decreased in TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells. miR-122-5p overexpression reduced the mRNA and protein levels of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin, inhibited cell proliferation, and accelerated cell apoptosis. miR-122-5p targeted c-Abl. Meanwhile, miR-122-5p overexpression inhibited HSC activation by suppressing the c-Abl/HDAC2 pathway. In summary, miR-122-5p overexpression exerted anti-fibrosis effect and inhibited HSC activation by suppressing the c-Abl/HDAC2 pathway.