bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond online search strategies: The effects of internet epistemic beliefs and different note‐taking formats on online multiple document reading comprehension
Authors: Lee Yuan‐Hsuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundProcessing and comprehending information from multiple sources have been a primary means of learning and are essential 21st‐century skills to construct knowledge for a deeper understanding.ObjectivesThis study examined students' individual differences in search strategies and internet epistemic beliefs as well as the effect of distinct note‐taking formats on students' online multiple‐document reading about measurement scales and statistical graphs, considering students' gender and prior knowledge.MethodsParticipants were 124 Taiwanese university students (79% female) taking the Educational Statistics course in three different classes. I used a quasi‐experimental design to test the effect of different note‐taking formats on online multiple document reading. Three classes of students were randomly assigned to one of the experimental conditions with sourcing cues: the individual note taking with multiple tabs, the collaborative note taking with multiple tabs, or the individual note taking in a single tab.Results and conclusionThe study showed that the uncertainty belief about Internet‐based information and note‐taking formats predicted students' online multiple document reading. A stronger belief that the internet information is uncertain and may change with time positively predict online multiple document reading comprehension. Moreover, individuals taking notes in a single tab outperformed those taking notes individually in separate tabs.Major takeaways from the studyImplications for instruction were made to foster students' uncertainty belief and teach them how to construct pre‐outlined tables with sourcing cues to collect the contextual information and reflect on the source information to streamline learners' online multiple document reading comprehension.
Predictors of appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator therapy in cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Mathijssen Harold , Bakker Annelies L. M. , Balt Jippe C. , Akdim Fatima , van Es H. Wouter , Veltkamp Marcel , Grutters Jan C. , Post Marco C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is associated with an increased risk for sudden cardiac death. An implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) is recommended in a subgroup of CS patients. However, the recommendations for primary prevention differ between guidelines. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICDs in CS and to identify predictors of appropriate therapy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed in CS patients with an ICD implantation between 2010 and 2019. Primary outcome was appropriate ICD therapy. Independent predictors were calculated using Cox proportional hazard analysis.Results105 patients were included. An ICD was implanted for primary prevention in 79%. During a median follow‐up of 2.8 years, 34 patients (32.4%) received appropriate ICD therapy of whom 24 (22.9%) received an appropriate shock. Three patients (2.9%) received an inappropriate shock due to atrial fibrillation. Independent predictors of appropriate therapy included prior ventricular arrhythmias (hazard ratio [HR]: 10.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0–21.9]) and right ventricular late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (HR: 3.6 [95% CI: 1.7–7.6]). Within the primary prevention group, right ventricular LGE (HR: 5.7 [95% CI: 1.6–20.7]) was the only independent predictor of appropriate therapy. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ between patients with and without appropriate therapy (44.4% vs. 45.6%, p = .70).ConclusionIn CS patients with an ICD, a high rate of appropriate therapy was observed and a low rate of inappropriate shocks. Prior ventricular arrhythmias and right ventricular LGE were independent predictors of appropriate therapy.
Validation of dermatopathological criteria to diagnose cutaneous lesions of mastocytosis: importance of KIT D816V mutation analysis
Authors: Gebhard J. , Horny H.‐P. , Kristensen T. , Broesby‐Olsen S. , Zink A. , Biedermann T. , Brockow K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous lesions of mastocytosis (CLM) are often subtle and may require biopsy. However, dermatohistopathological criteria for CLM remain undefined.ObjectivesTo establish criteria for CLM by validating histological and molecular parameters.MethodsIn skin samples from Caucasian patients with CLM and controls (atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, pruritus, tissue from tumor safety margin excisions), mast cell (MC) numbers, size, shape, distribution, immunostainability with a large panel of markers, pigmentation and presence of KIT D816V mutation were analysed.ResultsForty‐seven CLM patients (32 maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis (MPCM), 15 mastocytomas) and 36 controls were included. Mastocytomas were easily identified by densely packed cuboidal MCs. In MPCM, skin MC density in CD117 stains was higher in CLM patients than in controls (P < 0.0001) and values correlated closely (r = 0.65, P < 0.0001) to results in tryptase stains. The optimized upper dermis cut‐off number of 62 MC/mm2 had a sensitivity and specificity of 92% in both stainings, corresponding to approximately 12 MC/high power field (HPF). MC size was larger in MPCM than in controls (P = 0.01). Interstitial (= not perivascular or periadnexal) MCs and stronger basal pigmentation of the epidermis were indicative of MPCM (P < 0.0001 each) and clusters of >3 nucleated MC/HPF exclusively found in MCPM. Surface markers CD2, CD25 and CD30 stained T‐lymphocytes, but only negligibly CLM MC. The KIT D816V mutation in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) skin was evaluable in 87.5% of MCPM patients and had both 100% sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsMPCM can be predicted by major and minor criteria combined in a scoring model. Presence of D816V mutation in FFPE skin and MC density > 27/HPF are >95%‐specific major criteria for MPCM. MC densities 12/HPF, interstitial MC, clusters and basal pigmentation are minor criteria.
Regional and caste‐specific variation in insecticide susceptibility in odorous house ants, Tapinoma sessile (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Brill Kaitlyn , Buczkowski Grzegorz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnts consistently rank as the number one household pest, and many species are pests in agricultural and natural habitats. Despite economic and ecological impact of pest ants, effective management still faces many challenges and control failures with liquid spray insecticides are common. The odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile Say) is an adaptive and widespread pest ant found in North America. This study examined regional variation in T. sessile insecticide susceptibility to three classes of insecticides commonly used in ant control. T. sessile showed significant regional variation in insecticide susceptibility on a relatively small geographic scale. A comparison of colonies collected in urban vs. natural areas showed no significant difference in susceptibility in tests with lambda‐cyhalothrin and fipronil. In tests with dinotefuran, urban colonies were significantly more tolerant relative to natural colonies. These results suggest that habitat type and previous insecticide exposure do not reliably predict susceptibility levels in individual populations. Queens were significantly more tolerant relative to their worker counterparts across all insecticides. Higher insecticide tolerance in queens may explain why T. sessile is such a persistent pest in urban environments. The results provide a foundation for the development of more effective and efficient control methods for T. sessile and warrant further investigation of spatial and potentially temporal variability in insecticide susceptibility in ants.
Anatomy of the heart of the leatherback turtle
Authors: Jensen Bjarke , Lauridsen Henrik , Webb Grahame J. W. , Wang Tobias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNon‐crocodylian reptiles have hearts with a single ventricle, which is partially separated by a muscular ridge that provides some separation of blood flows. An exceptional situation exists in monitor lizards and pythons, where the ventricular left side generates a much higher systolic blood pressure than the right side, thus resembling mammals and birds. This functional division of the ventricle depends on a large muscular ridge and may relate to high metabolic demand. The large leatherback turtle (<1000 kg), with its extensive migrations and elevated body temperatures, may have similar adaptations. We report on the anatomy of the hearts of two leatherback turtles. One stranded in Ballum, Denmark in 2020, and was examined in detail, supplemented by observations and photos of an additional stranding specimen from Canada. The external morphology of the leatherback heart resembles that of other turtles, but it is large. We made morphometric measurements of the Ballum heart and created an interactive 3D model using high‐resolution MRI. The volume of the ventricle was 950 ml, from a turtle of 300 kg, which is proportionally almost twice as large as in other reptiles. The Ballum heart was compared to MRI scans of the hearts of a tortoise, a python, and a monitor lizard. Internally, the leatherback heart is typical of non‐crocodylian reptiles and did not contain the well‐developed septation found in pythons and monitor lizards. We conclude that if leatherback turtles have exceptional circulation needs, they are sustained with a relatively large but otherwise typical non‐crocodylian reptile heart.
Balance bike injuries: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Oishi Takatoshi , Amagasa Shunsuke , Hayashi Yukiko , Uematsu Satoko 
Published: April 2022

AimTo determine the characteristics of balance bike injuries.MethodsThis study retrospectively identified patients injured while riding a balance bike and treated at one paediatric emergency department in urban Japan, from February 2015 to July 2020. Data extracted were patient age and sex, circumstances and location of the injury occurrence, helmet use, adult supervision, injury type and body site, treatment and emergency department disposition. Based on these data and the balance bike manual instructions, cases were classified as correct and incorrect balance bike use.ResultsThe study assessed 78 patients, age 2–6 years (median 3 years; 73% male). Of these 78 patients, 63 did not follow balance bike manual instructions (80.8%); 34 (43.6%) were injured while riding in prohibited places of use; 45 (57.7%) were injured in prohibited situations of use; and 37 (47.4%) were injured despite adult supervision. A total of 124 injuries were noted; the most common injured body site was the face (49 injuries, 39.5%), followed by the head (40 injuries, 32.3%). Most injuries were contusions and abrasions (65 injuries, 52.4%). More serious injuries were intensive care unit admission with intracerebral haemorrhage (1 patient) and lateral condyle fracture with surgical repair (1 patient).ConclusionsMost of the 78 balance bike injuries (76 patients) were mild; 2 were more severe and required intensive care unit admission or operation. Parents must be aware of the rules and instructions for balance bike use and ensure that their children can use the balance bike correctly.
Does the delivery mode affect post‐birth neonatal serumC‐reactive proteinlevels? A causal effect analysis
Authors: Kozlovski Tal , Yochpaz Sivan , Shachar Ido , Friedman Nati , Marom Ronella 
Published: April 2022

AimTo determine if the delivery mode has a causal effect on neonatal serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. If such a causal effect exists, we aim to quantify its magnitude.MethodsWe investigated the causal effect of the delivery mode on serum CRP levels 6–8 h after delivery, with appropriate statistical tools for retrospective studies, combining classical and machine‐learning methods. The statistical inference is followed by sensitivity analysis to quantify the magnitude of unobserved bias required in order to alter the study's conclusion.ResultsThis retrospective study reviewed laboratory records of neonates after birth who underwent blood tests due to suspected sepsis. A total of 440 newborns were included, 324 of which underwent a vaginal delivery, 59 an urgent caesarean delivery, and 57 an elective caesarean delivery. Our results revealed that serum CRP values following elective caesarean deliveries were 50% less than those following a vaginal delivery (P = 0.030; −0.907; 95% CI [−1.545, −0.268] in log‐CRP units). No significant effect was found for urgent caesarean deliveries compared to vaginal deliveries (P = 0.887). Those results were strengthened by (1) a sensitivity magnitude of 1.6 to unobserved bias and (2) non‐significant effects when analysis is repeated on blood collected 12–24 h after birth.ConclusionCRP concentrations in neonatal blood during the first 6–8 h of life are higher following vaginal deliveries compared to elective caesarean deliveries. Further studies with the intent of improving EONS detection should include information on the delivery mode.
Ontogeny and evolution of the elasmosaurid neck highlight greater diversity of Antarctic plesiosaurians
Authors: Brum Arthur S. , Simões Tiago R. , Souza Geovane A. , Pinheiro André E. P. , Figueiredo Rodrigo G. , Caldwell Michael W. , Sayão Juliana M. , Kellner Alexander W. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Antarctic plesiosaurian record is critical for understanding the evolution of elasmosaurids in the southern hemisphere. Elasmosaurids exhibit some of the most remarkable modifications of the vertebrate axial skeleton given their extreme elongation of the cervical region. Despite a considerable amount of information available on vertebral counts within Plesiosauria throughout the decades, we have a considerably more limited understanding of the diversity of cervical vertebral shapes in elasmosaurids and how these have changed throughout ontogeny and phylogeny. Here, we compile the largest known morphometric dataset on elasmosaurid cervical vertebrae, including data on juveniles and adults, to answer some of those long‐standing questions. This dataset also includes newly recovered materials from Antarctica, which we describe herein. Using multivariate statistical approaches, we find that the two major elasmosaurid cervical morphotypes, the elasmosaurine anteroposteriorly elongate (can‐shaped) and the aristonectine anteroposteriorly short and dorsoventrally tall (disc‐like), evolved towards opposite regions of the morphospace from the plesiomorphic ‘Cimoliasaurus’‐grade condition. We also find a marked ontogenetic shift from the disc‐like to can‐shaped morphology, which is especially pronounced in elasmosaurines but more limited in aristonectines. Furthermore, we find that juvenile aristonectines occupy a specific region of the vertebral morphospace, distinct from any other group or ontogenetic stage, thus suggesting that reversal to the ‘short‐necked’ condition in elasmosaurids is mostly characterized by ontogenetic predisplacement in aristonectines. Finally, we find that it is possible to discriminate between vertebral shapes of distinct taxonomic groups regardless of ontogenetic stage, and that the diversity of Antarctic elasmosaurids was greater than previously recognized.
Functional Coexistence in Intractable Conflict: A Decades‐long View of Conflict Intervention
Authors: Arai Tatsushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article develops a theory of functional coexistence, a sustained negative peace which enables conflict parties and intermediaries to resist premature settlement and stay constructively engaged in an enduring state of nonresolution. The case studies of China‐Taiwan relations and the divided Europe and Germany during the Cold War illustrate essential qualities of functional coexistence. These qualities include the dynamic nature of the perceived boundaries of controlled interactions between adversaries who deny their opponents’ legitimacy and, in extreme cases, even their right to exist. Key lessons from the case studies are: (1) the need to build historical awareness of the shifting boundaries of mutually acceptable conflict behavior, (2) the imperative of finding a constructive way of staying engaged in intractable conflict, (3) the role of a multi‐layered, structural view of conflict intervention capable of resisting the inertia of hegemonic stability and submissive inaction, and (4) the importance of making use of short‐term actions to facilitate long‐term social change.
COVID‐19 vaccine inquiries regarding children ages 5–11 years received by NIP‐INFO
Authors: Hall Elisha , Morales Sarah , Wolicki JoEllen , Schillie Sarah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe describe COVID‐19 immunization inquiries regarding children age 5–11 years received by NIP‐INFO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) e‐mail immunization inquiry service for health care professionals, at the launch of vaccination efforts for this age group, using descriptive qualitative analysis. From November 2 through November 30, 2021, NIP‐INFO responded to 154 questions regarding COVID‐19 vaccination for 5–11‐year‐old children. The most common questions related to formulation and dosage (39.6%), vaccination schedule (14.3%), CDC's educational materials for health care professionals (9.1%), and vaccine safety (8.4%); 16.2% of questions across all inquiry categories related to a vaccination error. We discuss CDC guidance related to the most common inquiries to inform further pediatric COVID‐19 vaccination efforts, including future vaccination of younger pediatric age groups, which will be important to help to curb this pandemic.
A multinational survey characterizing the use of surgical magnifying loupes in dermatological surgery
Authors: Hunt William T. N. , Ashraf Iqra , Nelson Toby G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of surgical loupes has not been well‐documented in dermatological surgery.ObjectivesAn online questionnaire was developed to characterize the use of loupes in dermatological surgery.MethodsThe questionnaire was circulated to the memberships of the British Society of Dermatological Surgery, the European Society of Micrographic Surgery, and the Australasian College of Dermatologists. Responses were analyzed with a mixed methods approach using quantitative data analysis and inductive content analysis.ResultsOne‐hundred twenty‐five valid responses were received from 20 nations. Most respondents were from England (40%; 50/125), Australia (16%; 20/125), and the Netherlands (14.4%; 18/125). Overall, 71.2% (89/125) of respondents were consultants/Facharzt/attending. Furthermore, 55.2% (69/125) of respondents were Mohs surgeons. In dermatological surgery 38.4% (48/125) of respondents used surgical loupes routinely. The mode magnification level for loupes was 2.5× (67.5%; 27/40), with 3× second place (12.5%; 5/40). Exactly half (20/40) used through‐the‐lens style loupes and 40% (16/40) used flip‐up‐loupes. Inductive content analysis of the 51 free‐text responses from nonloupe users uncovered several deterring factor themes, including expense (18/51), can manage without/don't need (14/51), and narrow field of view a(11/51), and uncomfortable/too heavy (9/51).ConclusionsThis is the first time the use of surgical loupes in dermatological surgery has been internationally characterized.
Functional characterization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) PepT2 transporters
Authors: Vacca Francesca , Gomes Ana S. , Murashita Koji , Cinquetti Raffella , Roseti Cristina , Barca Amilcare , Rønnestad Ivar , Verri Tiziano , Bossi Elena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe high‐affinity/low‐capacity system Slc15a2 (PepT2) is responsible for the reuptake of di/tripeptides from the renal proximal tubule, but it also operates in many other tissues and organs. Information regarding PepT2 in teleost fish is limited and, to date, functional data are available from the zebrafish (Danio rerio) only. Here, we report the identification of two slc15a2 genes in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) genome, namely slc15a2a and slc15a2b. The two encoded PepT2 proteins share 87% identity and resemble both structurally and functionally the canonical vertebrate PepT2 system. The mRNA tissue distribution analyses reveal a widespread distribution of slc15a2a transcripts, being more abundant in the brain and gills, while slc15a2b transcripts are mainly expressed in the kidney and the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract. The function of the two transporters was investigated by heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and two‐electrode voltage‐clamp recordings of transport and presteady‐state currents. Both PepT2a and PepT2b in the presence of Gly‐Gln elicit pH‐dependent and Na+ independent inward currents. The biophysical and kinetic analysis of the recorded currents defined the transport properties, confirming that the two Atlantic salmon PepT2 proteins behave as high‐affinity/low‐capacity transporters. The recent structures and the previous kinetic schemes of rat and human PepT2 qualitatively account for the characteristics of the two Atlantic salmon proteins. This study is the first to report on the functional expression of two PepT2‐type transporters that operate in the same vertebrate organism as a result of (a) gene duplication process(es).Key points
Two slc15a2‐type genes, slc15a2a and slc15a2b coding for PepT2‐type peptide transporters were found in the Atlantic salmon.
slc15a2a
transcripts, widely distributed in the fish tissues, are abundant in the brain and gills, while slc15a2b transcripts are mainly expressed in the kidney and distal gastrointestinal tract.
Amino acids involved in vertebrate Slc15 transport function are conserved in PepT2a and PepT2b proteins.
Detailed kinetic analysis indicates that both PepT2a and PepT2b operate as high‐affinity transporters.
The kinetic schemes and structures proposed for the mammalian models of PepT2 are suitable to explain the function of the two Atlantic salmon transporters.
Supplemental Material: Conditions and timing of metamorphism near the Baie Verte Line (Baie Verte Peninsula, NW Newfoundland, Canada): Multiple reactivations within the suture zone of an arc-continent collision
Authors: Willner Arne , al. et 
Published: April 2022

<p>Table S1: Mineral analyses; Figure S1: Normal and inverse isochrons for the 40Ar/39Ar dating presented in Figure 10 and Table 3 </p>