bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘More together than apart’: The evaluation of a virtual course to improve mental health and well‐being of adults with intellectual disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: St. John Laura , Volpe Tiziana , Jiwa Muhammad Irfan , Durbin Anna , Safar Yousef , Formuli Fatima , Thakur Anupam , Lake Johanna , Lunsky Yona 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo address the growing concerns over poor mental health experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, a national virtual mental health course was delivered and evaluated.MethodsThis mixed methods study utilized both qualitative and quantitative assessments. Participants were 27 adults with intellectual disabilities who participated in the 6‐week course. Participants completed measures of self‐efficacy and well‐being at three time points and qualitative satisfaction measures at post and follow‐up.ResultsAttendance was high and the course was feasible and acceptable to participants. Positive changes related to mental health self‐efficacy were detected (p = .01), though mental well‐being did not improve.ConclusionThe study provided evidence for the feasibility and value of the course for this population. Future research should examine how virtual courses could support the population in terms of pandemic recovery and how courses may work for individuals who are less independent.
Combination radiofrequency microneedling and carbon dioxide laser for acne scarring: A systematic review and retrospective case series across two centers
Authors: Mandavia Rishi , Cariati Massimiliano , Shahidi Sepideh , Spencer Cheka , Somenek Michael , Lapa Tatiana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionCombination radiofrequency (RF) microneedling with fractional ablative carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is a new approach for acne scar treatment. Aims: (1) to systematically review the literature on the safety and effectiveness of this treatment for acne scarring; (2) to assess safety and effectiveness in a 2‐center case series.MethodsSystematic review: Articles that assessed the safety and effectiveness of combination RF microneedling and fractional CO2 laser for acne scarring were included and quality assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Case series: Patient records were reviewed from 2 clinics, one in London, UK, and the other in Washington D.C., United States, to identify patients who underwent a single treatment with RF microneedling and fractional CO2 laser for acne scarring. Outcome assessment was via the Scar Global Assessment (SGA) scale.ResultsSystematic review: Three articles were included and reported improvements in acne scar severity. Adverse effects included erythema, edema, pain, vesicle formation, erosion, petechiae, desquamation, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and acne flare. Quality scores ranged from 14 to 15 (maximum of 21). Case series: Twenty‐six patients were included. Mean SGA Score was 3.0 at baseline and 1.3 at follow‐up. All patients had an improved SGA score. Adverse effects included erythema, pain, edema, skin crusting, PIH, and acne flare. All patients resumed normal activities within 7 days of treatment.ConclusionCombination RF microneedling and fractional CO2 laser appears a safe and effective treatment for patients with acne scarring. A single treatment can result in noticeable improvements in acne scar severity with a short recovery time.
Semaphorin 3A protects against alveolar bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement in mice with periodontitis
Authors: Satomi Kazuki , Nishimura Kazuaki , Igarashi Kaoru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the effect of local semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) administration on alveolar bone loss during OTM in a mouse model of periodontitis.BackgroundOrthodontic tooth movement (OTM) for patients with periodontal disease is known to increase the risk of exacerbating alveolar bone loss due to inflammation of the periodontal tissue. However, its mechanism of action and prevention remains unclear.MethodsMice (male 7–8 weeks old, C57BL/6J, n = 12) were divided into six groups: untreated group (control), without OTM and recovered from induced periodontitis (RP), with OTM and administered PBS or Sema3A to the gingiva after induced periodontitis (VehPO, SemaPO), with OTM and administered PBS or Sema3A to the gingiva without periodontitis induction (VehNO, SemaNO). Samples were collected on 14 days, and bone loss, histological analysis, cytokine production level, and tooth movement were assessed. Cultured human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and compressive force (CF), and mRNA expression levels of Sema3A and its receptors were analyzed.ResultsThe bone loss was significantly lower in the SemaPO group than in the VehPO group. The number of TRAP‐positive cells in the SemaPO group was significantly lower than that in the VehPO group and was at the same level as that in the control group. The receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)‐kB‐ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon (IFN)‐γ, in the gingival tissues were significantly lower in the SemaPO group than in the VehPO group. Additionally, Sema3A mRNA expression in hPDL cells was significantly decreased by co‐stimulation with LPS and CF compared with that in the control group. Finally, the distance moved (dist.) and the mesial tipping angle (θ) was significantly smaller in the SemaPO group than in the VehPO group and was not significantly different from that of VehNO.ConclusionPathological alveolar bone loss exacerbated by OTM in periodontitis might be prevented by local administration of Sema3A without inhibiting OTM.
Dive characteristics of Cross Seamount beaked whales from long‐term passive acoustic monitoring at the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Kauaʻi
Authors: Manzano‐Roth Roanne , Henderson E. Elizabeth , Alongi Gabriela C. , Martin Cameron R. , Martin Stephen W. , Matsuyama Brian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBeaked whale foraging pulses were detected on the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) off Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi, via long term passive acoustic monitoring. The unidentified pulses do not match foraging pulses of known species on the range but are similar to the unidentified beaked whale first detected at Cross Seamount, Hawaiʻi. Although there has not been a visual confirmation of the unidentified beaked whale species, analysis of data collected from 2007 to 2019 has identified beaked whale foraging dive characteristics from echolocation pulses. From the 13 years of data, the most distinct patterns were that all foraging dives occurred at night and the nighttime foraging dive rate was 0.11 group vocal periods (GVP) per hour, with most detections on shallow hydrophones (625–1,000 m deep) over steep bathymetric slopes. Data collected during U.S. Navy training events were used to compare dive behavior during mid‐frequency active sonar (MFAS) activity against baseline periods; it was determined that the whales reduced GVPs during sonar and these remained low for at least 3 days after the training events. These results are the first long‐term record of acoustic signals from the Cross Seamount beaked whale and provide important insights into their habitat use and occurrence patterns.
Genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Scedosporium species from clinical settings in China
Authors: Chen Min , Zhu Xinlin , Cong Yang , Chen Hulin , Hou Qing , Hong Nan , Chen Xinchun , Lei Wenzhi , Cai Jie , Lu Xiuhai , Shuai Lihua , Li Xinhua , Deng Shuwen , Xu Jianping , Liao Wanqing , Pan Weihua , Xu Heping , de Hoog Sybren 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundScedosporium species have drawn significant interest as inhabitants of polluted soil and water and as cause of high mortality in near‐drowning patients. So far, most cases have been reported from Europe and Australia, while knowledge on their prevalence and genotypic diversity from Asia is scant.ObjectivesTo increase the knowledge of the genetic diversity and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Scedosporium species involved in human infections from China.MethodsHere, we applied the ISHAM‐MLST consensus scheme for molecular typing of Scedosporium species and revealed both high species diversity and high genotypic diversity among 45 Chinese clinical Scedosporium isolates.ResultsAmong the five species, Scedosporium boydii (n = 22) was the most common, followed by S. apiospermum (n = 18), S. aurantiacum (n = 4) and S. dehoogii (n = 1). S. aurantiacum was reported for the first time from clinical samples in China. The predominant sequence types (STs) were ST17 in S. apiospermum, ST4 in S. boydii and ST92 in S. aurantiacum, including four novel STs (ST40, ST41, ST42 and ST43) in S. apiospermum. Based on the CLSI‐M38 A2 criterion, voriconazole was the only antifungal compound with low MIC values (MIC90 ≤ 1 μg/ml) for all Scedosporium isolates in our study.ConclusionsThe genetic diversity of clinical isolates of Scedosporium species from China is extremely high, with S. boydii being predominant and S. aurantiacum being firstly reported here. VOR was the only antifungal compound with low MIC values for all Scedosporium isolates in our study, which should be recommended as the firstline antifungal treatment against scedosporiosis in China.
The innovation of the symbiosome has enhanced the evolutionary stability of nitrogen fixation in legumes
Authors: de Faria Sergio M. , Ringelberg Jens J. , Gross Eduardo , Koenen Erik J. M. , Cardoso Domingos , Ametsitsi George K. D. , Akomatey John , Maluk Marta , Tak Nisha , Gehlot Hukam S. , Wright Kathryn M. , Teaumroong Neung , Songwattana Pongpan , de Lima Haroldo C. , Prin Yves , Zartman Charles E. , Sprent Janet I. , Ardley Julie , Hughes Colin E. , James Euan K. 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis is globally important in ecosystem functioning and agriculture, yet the evolutionary history of nodulation remains the focus of considerable debate. Recent evidence suggesting a single origin of nodulation followed by massive parallel evolutionary losses raises questions about why a few lineages in the N2‐fixing clade retained nodulation and diversified as stable nodulators, while most did not. Within legumes, nodulation is restricted to the two most diverse subfamilies, Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae, which show stable retention of nodulation across their core clades.

We characterize two nodule anatomy types across 128 species in 56 of the 152 genera of the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae: fixation thread nodules (FTs), where nitrogen‐fixing bacteroids are retained within the apoplast in modified infection threads, and symbiosomes, where rhizobia are symplastically internalized in the host cell cytoplasm within membrane‐bound symbiosomes (SYMs).

Using a robust phylogenomic tree based on 997 genes from 147 Caesalpinioideae genera, we show that losses of nodulation are more prevalent in lineages with FTs than those with SYMs.

We propose that evolution of the symbiosome allows for a more intimate and enduring symbiosis through tighter compartmentalization of their rhizobial microsymbionts, resulting in greater evolutionary stability of nodulation across this species‐rich pantropical legume clade.
Use of health care utilization as a metric of intervention success may perpetuate racial disparities: An outcome evaluation of a homeless transitional care program
Authors: Nohria Raman , Biederman Donna J , Sloane Richard , Thibault Alyson 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored race‐based differences in disease burden, health care utilization, and mortality for Black and White persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) who were referred to a transitional care program, and health care utilization and program outcomes for program participants.DesignThis was a quantitative program evaluation.SampleBlack and White PEH referred to a transitional care program (n = 450). We also analyzed data from the subgroup of program participants (N = 122). Of the 450 referrals, 122 participants enrolled in the program.MeasuresWe included chronic disease burden, mental illness, substance use, health care utilization, and mortality rates for all PEH referred. For program participants, we added 6‐month pre/post health care utilization and program outcomes. All results were dichotomized by race.ResultsBlack PEH who were referred to the program had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, and HIV and similar post‐referral mortality rates compared to White PEH. Black and White PEH exhibited similar program outcomes; however, Black PEH revisited the emergency department (ED) less frequently than White PEH at 30 and 90 days after participating in the program.ConclusionsHealth care utilization may be a misleading indicator of medical complexity and morbidity among Black PEH. Interventions that rely on health care utilization as an outcome measure may unintentionally contribute to racial disparities.
Policy coherence versus regulatory governance. Electricity reforms in Algeria and Morocco
Authors: Mathieu Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe diffusion of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in utilities sectors in developing countries is underpinned by the idea that IRAs are highly effective institutional devices to signal policy credibility to private investors. But is it really so? Institutional economists tend to confirm the effectiveness of IRAs, while also highlighting the many factors that condition its positive impact on investments. Acknowledging the importance of interaction effects, this paper proposes to shift the level of analysis, moving away from IRAs to look at the overall complementarity between policy objectives, instruments, and the wider political context. In sum, it argues that IRAs are, as such, irrelevant. What matters instead is policy coherence. A comparison between two case studies on electricity policy reforms in Algeria and Morocco lends credit to the policy coherence approach. It shows that policy incoherence may deprive IRAs from any impact on sectoral evolution and that there are effective alternatives to IRA to signal policy credibility and attract investors. The paper concludes by suggesting practitioners to relax the focus on preconceived policy solutions, to be open to alternative policy approaches and to focus on helping developing countries designing coherent policies.
Permian parallelisms: Reanalysis of †Tshekardocoleidae sheds light on the earliest evolution of the Coleoptera
Authors: Boudinot Brendon Elias , Yan Evgeny Viktorovich , Prokop Jakub , Luo Xiao‐Zhu , Beutel Rolf Georg 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Coleoptera provides an excellent example of the value of fossils for understanding the evolutionary patterns of recent lineages. We reevaluate the morphology of the Early Permian †Tshekardocoleidae to test alternative phylogenetic hypotheses relating to the Palaeozoic evolution of the order. We discuss prior interpretations and revise an earlier data matrix. Both Bayesian and parsimony analyses support the monophyly of Coleoptera excluding †Tshekardocoleidae (= Mesocoleoptera), and of Coleoptera excluding †Tshekardocoleidae and †Permocupedidae (= Metacoleoptera). Plesiomorphies preserved in †Tshekardocoleidae are elytra, which rest over the body in a loose tent‐like manner, with flat lateral flanges, projecting beyond the abdominal apex, and abdomens that are flexible and nearly cylindrical. Apomorphies of Mesocoleoptera include shortening of the elytra and a closer fit with the flattened and probably more rigid abdomen. A crucial synapomorphy of Metacoleoptera is the tightly sealed subelytral space, which may have been advantageous during the Permian aridification. Taxon exclusion experiments show that †Tshekardocoleidae is crucial for understanding the early evolution of Coleoptera and that its omission strongly affects ancestral state polarities as well as topology, including crown‐group taxa. By constraining the relationships of extant taxa to match those supported by phylogenomic analysis, we demonstrate that features shared by Archostemata with Permian stem groups are most reasonably supported as plesiomorphic and that the smooth and simplified body forms of Polyphaga, Adephaga, Myxophaga, and Micromalthidae were derived in parallel. Our study highlights the reciprocal illumination of molecular, morphological, and paleontological data, and paves the way for tip‐dating analysis across the order.
Seeing the unseen: a trifoliate (MYB117) mutant allele fortifies folate and carotenoids in tomato fruits
Authors: Tyagi Kamal , Sunkum Anusha , Rai Meenakshi , Yadav Amita , Sircar Sanchari , Sreelakshmi Yellamaraju , Sharma Rameshwar 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYIn tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), mutations in the gene encoding the R2R3‐MYB117 transcription factor elicit trifoliate leaves and initiate the formation of axillary meristems; however, their effects on fruit ripening remain unexplored. The fruits of a new trifoliate (tf) mutant (tf‐5) were firmer and had higher °Brix values and higher folate and carotenoid contents. The transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome profiling of tf‐5 reflected a broad‐spectrum change in cellular homeostasis. The tf‐5 allele enhanced the fruit firmness by suppressing cell wall softening‐related proteins. tf‐5 fruit displayed a substantial increase in amino acids, particularly γ‐aminobutyric acid, with a parallel reduction in aminoacyl‐tRNA synthases. The increased lipoxygenase protein and transcript levels seemingly elevated jasmonic acid levels. In addition, increased abscisic acid hydrolase transcript levels coupled with reduced precursor supply lowered abscisic acid levels. The upregulation of carotenoids was mediated by modulation of methylerythreitol and plastoquinone pathways and increased the levels of carotenoid isomerization proteins. The upregulation of folate in tf‐5 was connoted by the increase in the precursor p‐aminobenzoic acid and transcript levels of several folate biosynthesis genes. The reduction in pterin‐6‐carboxylate levels and γ‐glutamyl hydrolase activity indicated that reduced folate degradation in tf‐5 increased folate levels. Our study delineates that in addition to leaf development, MYB117 also influences fruit metabolism. The tf‐5 allele can be used to increase γ‐aminobutyric acid, carotenoid, and folate levels in tomato.
Cold‐stored platelet function is not significantly altered by agitation or manual mixing
Authors: Shea Susan M. , Spinella Philip C. , Thomas Kimberly A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCold storage of platelets (CS‐PLT), results in better maintained hemostatic function compared to room‐temperature stored platelets (RT‐PLT), leading to increased interest and use of CS‐PLT for actively bleeding patients. However, questions remain on best storage practices for CS‐PLT, as agitation of CS‐PLT is optional per the United States Food and Drug Administration. CS‐PLT storage and handling protocols needed to be determined prior to upcoming clinical trials, and blood banking standard operating procedures need to be updated accordingly for the release of units due to potentially modified aggregate morphology without agitation.Study Design and MethodsWe visually assessed aggregate formation, then measured surface receptor expression (GPVI, CD42b (GPIbα), CD49 (GPIa/ITGA2), CD41/61 (ITGA2B/ITGB3; GPIIB/GPIIIA; PACI), CD62P, CD63, HLAI), thrombin generation, aggregation (collagen, adenosine diphosphate [ADP], and epinephrine activation), and viscoelastic function (ExTEM, FibTEM) in CS‐PLT (Trima collection, 100% plasma) stored for 21 days either with or without agitation (Phase 1, n = 10 donor‐paired units) and then without agitation with or without daily manual mixing to minimize aggregate formation and reduce potential effects of sedimentation (Phase 2, n = 10 donor‐paired units).ResultsAgitation resulted in macroaggregate formation, whereas no agitation caused film‐like sediment. We found no substantial differences in CS‐PLT function between storage conditions, as surface receptor expression, thrombin generation, aggregation, and clot formation were relatively similar between intra‐Phase storage conditions.DiscussionStorage duration and not condition impacted phenotype and function. CS‐PLT can be stored with or without agitation, and with or without daily mixing and standard metrics of hemostatic function will not be significantly altered.
Multi-Keel Passive Prosthetic Foot Design Optimization Using the Lower Leg Trajectory Error Framework
Authors: Prost Victor , Peterson Heidi V. , Winter V Amos G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
People with lower-limb amputation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) lack access to adequate prosthetic devices that would restore their mobility and increase their quality of life. This is largely due to the cost and durability of existing devices. Single-keel energy storage and return (ESR) prosthetic feet have recently been developed using the lower leg trajectory error (LLTE) design framework to provide improved walking benefits at an affordable cost in LMICs. The LLTE framework optimizes the stiffness and geometry of a user’s prosthesis to match a target walking pattern by minimizing the LLTE value, a measure of how closely a prosthetic foot replicates a target walking pattern. However, these low-cost single-keel prostheses do not provide the required durability to fulfill International Standards Organization (ISO) testing, preventing their widespread use and adoption. Here, we developed a multi-keel foot parametric model and extended the LLTE framework to include the multi-keel architecture and durability requirements. Multi-keel designs were shown to provide 76% lower LLTE values, compared with single-keel designs while withstanding ISO fatigue and static tests, validating their durability. Given their single-part 2D extruded geometries, multi-keel feet designed with the extended LLTE framework could be cost-effectively manufactured, providing affordable and durable high-performance prostheses that improve the mobility of LMIC users.
Rates and processes controlling periglacial alluvial fan formation: Implications for martian fans
Authors: Palucis Marisa C. , Morgan A.M. , Strauss J.V. , Rivera-Hernandez F. , Marshall J.A. , Menio E. , Miller R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlluvial fans are found across a range of climates and are built from a combination of fluvial and debris flow processes. Correct identification of process is critical to reconstructing the climate and water histories of alluvial fans on Earth and Mars. Theory and data from subaerial Earth fans are often used to estimate paleoflow discharges and sediment fluxes for martian fans; however, most terrestrial work has been conducted on fans that are in hot, dry climates with runoff sourced from rainfall. This differs from the prevailing interpretation that martian fans were sourced from snowmelt under warming periglacial conditions. To characterize processes and rates of periglacial fan formation, we conducted a field-based study of the Black Mountain alluvial fan in the Aklavik Range, Canada. We observed active fluvial bedload transport as well as several small debris flows that had initiated from ice-filled gullies. Following a runoff event of ~0.005 mm/hr to ~0.2 mm/hr across the fan, we estimated sediment fluxes of ~0.04 m3/hr. Under bankfull conditions, we estimated runoff rates between ~0.01 mm/hr to ~14 mm/hr and corresponding sediment fluxes of ~0.3 m3/hr to ~550 m3/hr. This suggests that moderate flow events, well below the maximum runoff production rates suggested for Mars, are capable of entraining and transporting appreciable amounts of sediment by fluvial processes. However, sedimentological and geomorphological observations suggest that ~67% of the fan was deposited fluvially; the remainder was deposited by mass flows. Our results emphasize the need to take care in interpreting martian sedimentary processes and climate from fan surface morphology alone.