bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zero energy states clustering in an elemental nanowire coupled to a superconductor
Authors: Contamin Lauriane C. , Jarjat Lucas , Legrand William , Cottet Audrey , Kontos Takis , Delbecq Matthieu R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanoelectronic hybrid devices combining superconductors and a one-dimensional nanowire are promising platforms to realize topological superconductivity and its resulting exotic excitations. The bulk of experimental studies in this context are transport measurements where conductance peaks allow to perform a spectroscopy of the low lying electronic states and potentially to identify signatures of the aforementioned excitations. The complexity of the experimental landscape calls for a benchmark in an elemental situation. The present work tackles such a task using an ultra-clean carbon nanotube circuit. Specifically, we show that the combination of magnetic field, weak disorder and superconductivity can lead to states clustering at low energy, as predicted by the random matrix theory predictions. Such a phenomenology is very general and should apply to most platforms trying to realize topological superconductivity in 1D systems, thus calling for alternative probes to reveal it.
Molecular doping of nucleic acids into light emitting crystals driven by multisite-intermolecular interaction
Authors: Jung Woo Hyuk , Park Jin Hyuk , Kim Seokho , Cui Chunzhi , Ahn Dong June 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe reveal the fundamental understanding of molecular doping of DNAs into organic semiconducting tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) crystals by varying types and numbers of purines and pyrimidines constituting DNA. Electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking interactions between Alq3 and DNAs are the major factors affecting the molecular doping. Longer DNAs induce a higher degree of doping due to electrostatic interactions between phosphate backbone and Alq3. Among four bases, single thymine bases induce the multisite interactions of π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding with single Alq3, occurring within a probability of 4.37%. In contrast, single adenine bases form multisite interactions, within lower probability (1.93%), with two-neighboring Alq3. These multisite interactions facilitate the molecular doping into Alq3 particles compared to cytosines or guanines only forming π-π stacking. Thus, photoluminescence and optical waveguide phenomena of crystals were successfully tailored. This discovery should deepen our fundamental understanding of incorporating DNAs into organic semiconducting crystals.
Accommodating unobservability to control flight attitude with optic flow
Authors: de Croon Guido C. H. E. , Dupeyroux Julien J. G. , De Wagter Christophe , Chatterjee Abhishek , Olejnik Diana A. , Ruffier Franck 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAttitude control is an essential flight capability. Whereas flying robots commonly rely on accelerometers1 for estimating attitude, flying insects lack an unambiguous sense of gravity2,3. Despite the established role of several sense organs in attitude stabilization3–5, the dependence of flying insects on an internal gravity direction estimate remains unclear. Here we show how attitude can be extracted from optic flow when combined with a motion model that relates attitude to acceleration direction. Although there are conditions such as hover in which the attitude is unobservable, we prove that the ensuing control system is still stable, continuously moving into and out of these conditions. Flying robot experiments confirm that accommodating unobservability in this manner leads to stable, but slightly oscillatory, attitude control. Moreover, experiments with a bio-inspired flapping-wing robot show that residual, high-frequency attitude oscillations from flapping motion improve observability. The presented approach holds a promise for robotics, with accelerometer-less autopilots paving the road for insect-scale autonomous flying robots6. Finally, it forms a hypothesis on insect attitude estimation and control, with the potential to provide further insight into known biological phenomena5,7,8 and to generate new predictions such as reduced head and body attitude variance at higher flight speeds9.
An integrated imaging sensor for aberration-corrected 3D photography
Authors: Wu Jiamin , Guo Yuduo , Deng Chao , Zhang Anke , Qiao Hui , Lu Zhi , Xie Jiachen , Fang Lu , Dai Qionghai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlanar digital image sensors facilitate broad applications in a wide range of areas1–5, and the number of pixels has scaled up rapidly in recent years2,6. However, the practical performance of imaging systems is fundamentally limited by spatially nonuniform optical aberrations originating from imperfect lenses or environmental disturbances7,8. Here we propose an integrated scanning light-field imaging sensor, termed a meta-imaging sensor, to achieve high-speed aberration-corrected three-dimensional photography for universal applications without additional hardware modifications. Instead of directly detecting a two-dimensional intensity projection, the meta-imaging sensor captures extra-fine four-dimensional light-field distributions through a vibrating coded microlens array, enabling flexible and precise synthesis of complex-field-modulated images in post-processing. Using the sensor, we achieve high-performance photography up to a gigapixel with a single spherical lens without a data prior, leading to orders-of-magnitude reductions in system capacity and costs for optical imaging. Even in the presence of dynamic atmosphere turbulence, the meta-imaging sensor enables multisite aberration correction across 1,000 arcseconds on an 80-centimetre ground-based telescope without reducing the acquisition speed, paving the way for high-resolution synoptic sky surveys. Moreover, high-density accurate depth maps can be retrieved simultaneously, facilitating diverse applications from autonomous driving to industrial inspections.
Clathrin-associated AP-1 controls termination of STING signalling
Authors: Liu Ying , Xu Pengbiao , Rivara Sophie , Liu Chong , Ricci Jonathan , Ren Xuefeng , Hurley James H. , Ablasser Andrea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStimulator of interferon genes (STING) functions downstream of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase in DNA sensing or as a direct receptor for bacterial cyclic dinucleotides and small molecules to activate immunity during infection, cancer and immunotherapy1–10. Precise regulation of STING is essential to ensure balanced immune responses and prevent detrimental autoinflammation11–16. After activation, STING, a transmembrane protein, traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, where its phosphorylation by the protein kinase TBK1 enables signal transduction17–20. The mechanism that ends STING signalling at the Golgi remains unknown. Here we show that adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) controls the termination of STING-dependent immune activation. We find that AP-1 sorts phosphorylated STING into clathrin-coated transport vesicles for delivery to the endolysosomal system, where STING is degraded21. We identify a highly conserved dileucine motif in the cytosolic C-terminal tail (CTT) of STING that, together with TBK1-dependent CTT phosphorylation, dictates the AP-1 engagement of STING. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of AP-1 in complex with phosphorylated STING explains the enhanced recognition of TBK1-activated STING. We show that suppression of AP-1 exacerbates STING-induced immune responses. Our results reveal a structural mechanism of negative regulation of STING and establish that the initiation of signalling is inextricably associated with its termination to enable transient activation of immunity.
Comparative assessment of commercially available wound gels in ex vivo human skin reveals major differences in immune response-modulatory effects
Authors: Seiser S. , Cerbu D. , Gallhofer A. , Matiasek J. , Elbe-Bürger A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWound healing is a crucial process for maintaining the function of human skin as a protective barrier to pathogens and other external stress factors. Hydrogels—in combination with antimicrobials—are often used, as moist wound care has been widely accepted as standard therapy. Recently, we reported about immune response-modulatory effects of an octenidine-based hydrogel, however little is known about the mechanism of action of other hydrogels including antiseptic molecules or chlorine-based and chlorine-releasing agents, respectively. The aim of this study was the comparative assessment of commercially available wound gels (octenilin®, Prontosan®, Lavanid®, Betadona®, ActiMaris®, Microdacyn60®, VeriforteTMmed) with regard to their effects on the secretion of distinct cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), matrix-metalloproteinases as well as their potential to cause alterations in skin structure and apoptosis. Hence, tape-stripped human ex vivo skin biopsies were treated topically with wound gels and cultured for 48 h. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and an enzyme activity assay of culture supernatants revealed that octenilin® demonstrates significantly broader anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory capacities than other wound gels. Further, haematoxylin & eosin as well as caspase-3 staining of treated biopsies showed that octenilin® does not alter skin morphology and shows the least interfering effect on human epidermal cells compared to untreated controls. Overall, this study clearly demonstrates totally different effects for several commercially available hydrogels in our wound model, which gives also new insight into their tissue compatibility and mode of action.
High-resolution micro-CT for 3D infarct characterization and segmentation in mice stroke models
Authors: Pinto Raquel , Matula Jan , Gomez-Lazaro Maria , Sousa Mafalda , Lobo Andrea , Zikmund Tomas , Kaiser Jozef , Gomes João R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCharacterization of brain infarct lesions in rodent models of stroke is crucial to assess stroke pathophysiology and therapy outcome. Until recently, the analysis of brain lesions was performed using two techniques: (1) histological methods, such as TTC (Triphenyltetrazolium chloride), a time-consuming and inaccurate process; or (2) MRI imaging, a faster, 3D imaging method, that comes at a high cost. In the last decade, high-resolution micro-CT for 3D sample analysis turned into a simple, fast, and cheaper solution. Here, we successfully describe the application of brain contrasting agents (Osmium tetroxide and inorganic iodine) for high-resolution micro-CT imaging for fine location and quantification of ischemic lesion and edema in mouse preclinical stroke models. We used the intraluminal transient MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion) mouse stroke model to identify and quantify ischemic lesion and edema, and segment core and penumbra regions at different time points after ischemia, by manual and automatic methods. In the transient-ischemic-attack (TIA) mouse model, we can quantify striatal myelinated fibers degeneration. Of note, whole brain 3D reconstructions allow brain atlas co-registration, to identify the affected brain areas, and correlate them with functional impairment. This methodology proves to be a breakthrough in the field, by providing a precise and detailed assessment of stroke outcomes in preclinical animal studies.
A retrospective cohort study comparing differences in 30-day mortality among critically ill patients aged ≥ 70 years treated in European tax-based healthcare systems (THS) versus social health insurance systems
Authors: Wernly Bernhard , Flaatten Hans , Beil Michael , Fjølner Jesper , Bruno Raphael Romano , Artigas Antonio , Pinto Bernardo Bollen , Schefold Joerg C. , Kelm Malte , Sigal Sviri , van Heerden Peter Vernon , Szczeklik Wojciech , Elhadi Muhammed , Joannidis Michael , Rezar Richard , Oeyen Sandra , Wolff Georg , Marsh Brian , Andersen Finn H. , Moreno Rui , Wernly Sarah , Leaver Susannah , Boumendil Ariane , De Lange Dylan W. , Guidet Bertrand , Perings Stefan , Jung Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn Europe, tax-based healthcare systems (THS) and social health insurance systems (SHI) coexist.
We examined differences in 30-day mortality among critically ill patients aged ≥ 70 years treated in intensive care units in a THS or SHI. Retrospective cohort study. 2406 (THS n = 886; SHI n = 1520) critically ill ≥ 70 years patients in 129 ICUs. Generalized estimation equations with robust standard errors were chosen to create population average adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Data were adjusted for patient-specific variables, organ support and health economic data. The primary outcome was 30-day-mortality. Numerical differences between SHI and THS in SOFA scores (6 ± 3 vs. 5 ± 3; p = 0.002) were observed, but clinical frailty scores were similar (> 4; 17% vs. 14%; p = 0.09). Higher rates of renal replacement therapy (18% vs. 11%; p < 0.001) were found in SHI (aOR 0.61 95%CI 0.40–0.92; p = 0.02). No differences regarding intubation rates (68% vs. 70%; p = 0.33), vasopressor use (67% vs. 67%; p = 0.90) and 30-day-mortality rates (47% vs. 50%; p = 0.16) were found. Mortality remained similar between both systems after multivariable adjustment and sensitivity analyses. The retrospective character of this study. Baseline risk and mortality rates were similar between SHI and THS. The type of health care system does not appear to have played a role in the intensive care treatment of critically ill patients ≥ 70 years with COVID-19 in Europe.
New dating of the Matalascañas footprints provides new evidence of the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 9-8) hominin paleoecology in southern Europe
Authors: Mayoral Eduardo , Duveau Jérémy , Santos Ana , Ramírez Antonio Rodríguez , Morales Juan A. , Díaz-Delgado Ricardo , Rivera-Silva Jorge , Gómez-Olivencia Asier , Díaz-Martínez Ignacio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHominin footprints were recently discovered at Matalascañas (Huelva; South of Iberian Peninsula). They were dated thanks to a previous study in deposits of the Asperillo cliff to 106 ± 19 ka, Upper Pleistocene, making Neandertals the most likely track-makers. In this paper, we report new Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating that places the hominin footprints surface in the range of 295.8 ± 17 ka (MIS 9-MIS 8 transition, Middle Pleistocene). This new age implies that the possible track-makers are individuals more likely from the Neandertal evolutionary lineage. Regardless of the taxon attributed to the Matalascañas footprints, they supplement the existing partial fossil record for the European Middle Pleistocene Hominins being notably the first palaeoanthropological evidence (hominin skeleton or footprints) from the MIS 9 and MIS 8 transition discovered in the Iberian Peninsula, a moment of climatic evolution from warm to cool. Thus, the Matalascañas footprints represent a crucial record for understanding human occupations in Europe in the Pleistocene.
Two-Year Longitudinal Evaluation of Community Aphasia Center Participation on Linguistic, Functional Communication, and Quality of Life Measures Across People With a Range of Aphasia Presentations
Authors: Edmonds Lisa A. , Morgan Jodi 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential changes on a hierarchy of language tasks and measures of functional communication and quality of life in a group of people with aphasia (PWA) who attended a community aphasia center for 2 years. A secondary purpose was to determine whether there were any predictors of change.

Method:

Twenty-seven PWA who attended Brooks Rehabilitation Aphasia Center (BRAC) were evaluated on an aphasia battery, confrontation naming, and structured discourse in addition to completing self-reported measures of functional communication and quality of life at three time points: before attending BRAC and after 1 (
N
= 27) and 2 (
N
= 20) years of BRAC participation. Twenty-six communication partners who communicated regularly with the PWA completed a questionnaire about their functional communication at the same time points. A mixed linear model was conducted for all dependent variables to determine change over time. Tau-b correlations were conducted between demographic and aphasia-related variables and difference scores for outcome measures that exhibited significant improvements.

Results:
At 1-year testing, significant improvements were observed on the aphasia battery, object and action naming, and all self- and communication partner–reported measures. At 2-year testing, all improvements were maintained except for the self-reported measure of functional communication. Structured discourse showed increases in average number of words, percentage of meaningful words and utterances, and efficiency of meaningful word production after 2 years. No significant correlations were observed between predictor variables and difference scores.

Conclusions:
Participation in aphasia centers can result in significant changes in language, functional communication, and quality of life in people with chronic aphasia. These findings support the importance of aphasia centers in the continuum of care for PWA.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21313689
Systematic Review of Literature on Speech Intelligibility and Classroom Acoustics in Elementary Schools
Authors: Murgia Silvia , Webster JosseMia , Cutiva Lady Catherine Cantor , Bottalico Pasquale 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Good verbal signals and low background noise are key factors for all children to maximize understanding of what is being taught. Classroom shape, surroundings, and even furnishings change how the environment “sounds” and how speech is “heard” in the classroom. Classroom acoustics is perhaps one of the most important, but often least considered, factors when designing a classroom. This systematic review aimed to characterize the relationship between intelligibility of speech and room acoustics in elementary schools based on the available evidence.

Method:
Eligible studies were identified using two computerized databases: PubMed and Scopus. In total, 23 publications met our inclusion criteria: (a) Participants must have been from elementary schools, (b) acoustic characterization of the classroom must have been provided, (c) intelligibility tests must have been performed, and (d) articles were written in English.

Results:
After identifying the parameters and tests used to quantify the intelligibility of speech, the speech intelligibility scores were analyzed in relation with acoustical parameters found in the articles, particularly signal-to-noise ratio and speech transmission index. Our results highlighted the negative effect on intelligibility associated with poor transmission of the speech and poor classroom acoustics caused by long reverberation times and high background noise.

Conclusion:
Good classroom acoustics is needed to improve speech intelligibility and, therefore, increase children's academic success.
An approach to targeting cryptocurrency mining loads for energy efficiency enhancement
Authors: Hajiaghapour‐Moghimi Mehran , Azimi Hosseini Kamyar , Hajipour Ehsan , Vakilian Mehdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the mining of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin has attracted much global attention due to the simplicity and high profitability of this business, especially in countries with low electricity rates. The process of cryptocurrency mining using cryptocurrency mining devices requires a significant amount of computing power. This industry, which is increasingly growing in energy and carbon emissions, can cause environmental concerns. Common ways to reduce this amount of energy consumption are to prohibit mining and charge these loads at a higher electricity rate; however, these solution methods are not feasible and applicable in many countries. This paper presents an energy efficiency program to persuade the customers to mine cryptocurrency using high‐efficient cryptocurrency mining devices (CMDs), including informative, regulation, and financial policy instruments. This energy efficiency approach suggests a standard, if implemented, would ban the application of inefficient CMDs, and would encourage the cryptocurrency miners to improve the profitability of their business with high‐efficient CMDs through a penalty‐reward strategy. The performance of this energy efficiency program is studied through an analysis of data gathered from different CMDs used in Iran. The effectiveness of this suggested program is proved through its sufficient incentives for miners using high‐efficient CMDs.
Searching for Hα-emitting sources in the gaps of five transitional disks
Authors: Huélamo N. , Chauvin G. , Mendigutía I. , Whelan E. , Alcalá J. M. , Cugno G. , Schmid H. M. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo I. , Zurlo A. , Barrado D. , Benisty M. , Quanz S. P. , Bouy H. , Montesinos B. , Beletsky Y. , Szulagyi J. 
Published: October 2022

Context. (Pre-)Transitional disks show gaps and cavities that can be related to ongoing planet formation. According to theory, young embedded planets can accrete material from the circumplanetary and circumstellar disks and can be detected using accretion tracers, such as the Hα emission line.
Aims. We aim to detect accreting protoplanets within the cavities of five (pre-)transitional disks through adaptive-optics(AO)-assisted spectral angular differential imaging in the optical regime.
Methods. We performed simultaneous AO observations in the Hα line and the adjacent continuum using the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) with the Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (ZIMPOL) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We combined spectral and angular differential imaging techniques to increase the contrast in the innermost regions close to the star and search for the signature of young accreting protoplanets.
Results. The reduced images show no clear Hα point source around any of the targets. We report the presence of faint Hα emission around TW Hya and HD163296: while the former is most probably an artifact related to a spike, the nature of the latter remains unclear. The spectral and angular differential images yield contrasts of 6–8 magnitudes at ~100 mas from the central stars, except in the case of LkCa15, with values of ~3 mag. We used the contrast curves to estimate average upper limits to the Hα line luminosity of LHα ~ 5 × 10-6 L⊙ at separations ≥200 mas for TW Hya, RXJ1615, and T Cha, while for HD163296 and LkCa15 we derive values of ~3 × 10−5 L⊙. We estimated upper limits to the accretion luminosity of potential protoplanets, obtaining that planetary models provide an average value of Lacc ~ 10−4 L⊙ at 200 mas, which is about two orders of magnitude higher than the Lacc estimated from the extrapolation of the LHα - Lacc stellar relationship.
Conclusions. When considering all the objects observed with SPHERE/ZIMPOL in the Hα line, 5 in this work and 13 from the literature, we can explain the lack of protoplanet detections by a combination of factors, such as a majority of low-mass, low-accreting planets; potential episodic accretion; significant extinction from the circumstellar and circumplanetary disks; and the fact that the contrast is less favorable at separations of smaller than 100 mas, where giant planets are more likely to form.