bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing intensity and frequency of cold fronts contributed to Australia’s 2019–2020 Black Summer fire disaster
Authors: Cai Dejun , Abram Nerilie J , Sharples Jason J , Perkins-Kirkpatrick Sarah E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human-caused climate changes are increasing the risk of dangerous wildfires in many regions of the world. There are multiple, compounding aspects of climate change that are increasing fire risk, including large-scale climate changes driving hotter and drier conditions that are generally well observed and predicted. However, changes in synoptic-scale processes that can exacerbate dangerous fire weather and promote extreme pyroconvective events are often not well known in historical observations and are poorly represented in climate models, making it difficult to fully quantify and anticipate changing fire risk. In this study, we statistically test the association between synoptic-scale cold front passage and large fires in southeast Australia during Australia’s 2019–2020 ‘Black Summer’ fire disaster, and analyse daily gridded temperature data to detect long-term changes in the intensity and frequency of strong cold fronts over southeast Australia. We demonstrate that the passage of cold fronts over southeast Australia significantly increased the likelihood of large fire days during the entire Black Summer fire season. Additionally, the intensity and frequency of strong cold front events were anomalously high during the Black Summer, and this is part of a long-term significant increase in the intensity and frequency of strong cold fronts since the 1950s. These changes in fire-promoting cold front activity are expected to imminently emerge above the range of historical experience across large areas of southeast Australia if current trends continue. Our results provide new insights into a previously poorly constrained contributor to fire risk in southeast Australia, highlighting the potential of synoptic-scale weather changes to compound previously documented broad-scale climate changes in intensifying future forest fire risk.
Task Planning and Oral L2 Production: A Research Synthesis and Meta-analysis
Authors: Johnson Mark D , Abdi Tabari Mahmoud 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIncreased second language acquisition (SLA) research interest in the effect of planning on subsequent L2 oral production has typically examined the effect of planning on the syntactic complexity, accuracy, lexical complexity, and/or fluency (CALF) of L2 production. However, the results of research in this domain are inconclusive. This study, a research synthesis and meta-analysis of SLA research on the effects of planning on the CALF of L2 oral production, attempts to facilitate a direct comparison of such research, first by examining the role of planning in theoretical models of (i) speech production, (ii) task complexity, and (iii) task readiness; second by summarizing the features of SLA research on planning; and finally by comparing the results of quantitative research on the effect of planning on subsequent L2 production. The results of the research synthesis portion of the study suggest a number of consistencies in SLA research on planning to date, whereas the results of the meta-analysis portion of the study suggest clear effects of planning on L2 oral production and have clear pedagogical implications for L2 instruction.
Metric learning for comparing genomic data with triplet network
Authors: Ma Zhi , Lu Yang Young , Wang Yiwen , Lin Renhao , Yang Zizi , Zhang Fang , Wang Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany biological applications are essentially pairwise comparison problems, such as evolutionary relationships on genomic sequences, contigs binning on metagenomic data, cell type identification on gene expression profiles of single-cells, etc. To make pair-wise comparison, it is necessary to adopt suitable dissimilarity metric. However, not all the metrics can be fully adapted to all possible biological applications. It is necessary to employ metric learning based on data adaptive to the application of interest. Therefore, in this study, we proposed MEtric Learning with Triplet network (MELT), which learns a nonlinear mapping from original space to the embedding space in order to keep similar data closer and dissimilar data far apart. MELT is a weakly supervised and data-driven comparison framework that offers more adaptive and accurate dissimilarity learned in the absence of the label information when the supervised methods are not applicable. We applied MELT in three typical applications of genomic data comparison, including hierarchical genomic sequences, longitudinal microbiome samples and longitudinal single-cell gene expression profiles, which have no distinctive grouping information. In the experiments, MELT demonstrated its empirical utility in comparison to many widely used dissimilarity metrics. And MELT is expected to accommodate a more extensive set of applications in large-scale genomic comparisons. MELT is available at https://github.com/Ying-Lab/MELT.
The Biological Hierarchy, Time, and Temporal ‘Omics in Evolutionary Biology: A Perspective
Authors: Snead Anthony A , Clark René D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sequencing data—genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—have revolutionized biological research, enabling a more detailed study of processes, ranging from subcellular to evolutionary, that drive biological organization. These processes, collectively, are responsible for generating patterns of phenotypic variation and can operate over dramatically different timescales (milliseconds to billions of years). While researchers often study phenotypic variation at specific levels of biological organization to isolate processes operating at that particular scale, the varying types of sequence data, or ‘omics, can also provide complementary inferences to link molecular and phenotypic variation to produce an integrated view of evolutionary biology, ranging from molecular pathways to speciation. We briefly describe how ‘omics has been used across biological levels and then demonstrate the utility of integrating different types of sequencing data across multiple biological levels within the same study to better understand biological phenomena. However, single-time-point studies cannot evaluate the temporal dynamics of these biological processes. Therefore, we put forward temporal ‘omics as a framework that can better enable researchers to study the temporal dynamics of target processes. Temporal ‘omics is not infallible, as the temporal sampling regime directly impacts inferential ability. Thus, we also discuss the role the temporal sampling regime plays in deriving inferences about the environmental conditions driving biological processes and provide examples that demonstrate the impact of the sampling regime on biological inference. Finally, we forecast the future of temporal ‘omics by highlighting current methodological advancements that will enable temporal ‘omics to be extended across species and timescales. We extend this discussion to using temporal multi-omics to integrate across the biological hierarchy to evaluate and link the temporal dynamics of processes that generate phenotypic variation.
Pharmacy postgraduate education transformation: pharmacist preferences for microcredentials
Authors: Marra Carlo A , Donat Ina , Lee Michaela , Roberti Hanne , Sue Tim , Au Martin , Lam Denise , Wilby Kyle J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To explore micro-credentialing for postgraduate study in pharmacy practice.

Methods
An online survey of practicing or intern pharmacists in New Zealand was designed to identify learner preferences for education, determine interest and demand for microcredentials and elicit preferred ‘willingness-to-pay’ thresholds.

Key findings
A total of 430 responses were obtained. A stacked microcredential programme was preferred by 88% over traditional courses. Interest, skill development and career development were the top-ranked aspects. Participants favoured the lowest cost option ($300 NZD per microcredential).

Conclusions
Pharmacists in New Zealand are supportive of microcredentials for postgraduate study as an alternative to traditional programmes.
Are UK pharmacists ready for consultant-level practice? A cross-sectional survey of self-assessed development needs
Authors: Forsyth Paul , Radley Andrew , Marra Fiona , Roberts Debra , Sehrawat Michele , Aiello Matthew , Brown Jane , Rauchhaus Petra , Doherty Stephen , Parsons Rachael , Oakley Joseph , Bond Christine , Roberts Susan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The four nations of the United Kingdom (UK) have endorsed a new curriculum and credentialing process for consultant pharmacists. This study aimed to measure the self-reported consultant-level practice development needs of pharmacists across the UK.

Methods
The study was a cross-sectional electronic survey. Inclusion criteria were: pharmacists registered to practice with the General Pharmaceutical Council; working in any professional sector across the UK; and self-identifying as already working at an advanced level of practice or in an advanced pharmacist role. Participants were asked to rate their confidence that their current practice aligns to the level described in the Royal Pharmaceutical Society Consultant Pharmacist curriculum on a 5-point Likert scale. Predictors of overall confidence with the whole curriculum were analysed using binomial regression.

Key findings
Nine hundred and forty-four pharmacists participated. Median age was 42 years; 72.6% were female. Research skills and strategic leadership skills had low self-reported confidence. Patient-Centred Care and Collaboration was the domain with the highest reported confidence. 10.2% (96/944) of participants self-reported confidence across the whole curriculum. The strongest predictors of overall confidence across the curriculum were advanced clinical practitioner qualification, research qualifications and self-identifying as a specialist. Increasing age and male gender also predicted confidence. White ethnicity and having an independent prescribing qualification negatively predicted confidence.

Conclusion
A small minority of pharmacists self-reported confidence across the whole curriculum. A planned approach to develop research skills across the career spectrum, coupled with better identification of workplace-based experiential strategic leadership opportunities, may help deliver a larger cohort of ‘consultant-ready’ pharmacists.
Measure Dx: Implementing pathways to discover and learn from diagnostic errors
Authors: Bradford Andrea , Shofer Marjorie , Singh Hardeep 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite the high frequency of diagnostic errors, multiple barriers, including measurement, make it difficult learn from these events. This article discusses Measure Dx, a new resource from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality that translates knowledge from diagnostic safety measurement research into actionable recommendations. Measure Dx guides healthcare organizations to detect, analyze, and learn from diagnostic safety events as part of a continuous learning and feedback cycle. Wider adoption of Measure Dx, along with the implementation of solutions that result, can advance new frontiers in reducing preventable diagnostic harm to patients.
Emotional Practices and How We Can Trace Them: Diplomats, Emojis, and Multilateral Negotiations at the UNHRC
Authors: Cornut Jérémie 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis article suggests a new approach for looking at emotions. In the framework that is developed, emotions are practices that are performed in context and not only felt or had. On the theoretical side, three concepts inspired by Bourdieu's work are introduced: hexis, emotional sense, and emotional performance. On the methodological side, this framework is used to make sense of emojis in digital exchanges. Emojis are the literal display of an emotion “on paper”—or rather, on screen—and constitute a simplified way to read the emotional communication between individuals. They are not epiphenomenal. Given the widespread use of instant messaging applications, they are an accessible and effective means for individuals to perform emotions. In turn, this framework opens up the possibility to analyze better how and why mundane emotions matter in international politics. How diplomats use emojis on WhatsApp during negotiations at the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva serves as an illustration. Often perceived as guided by rational calculations, diplomats also master informal and interpersonal skills to persuade, negotiate, and build connections. This fundamental social dimension of diplomatic work puts their (online) emotional practices at the center of their performances.
Material Scarcity, Mortality, and Violent Conflict
Authors: Schwarz Christopher 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Over the past decade, a growing literature has re-examined the relationship between material scarcity and conflict. Despite increasing policy salience and empirical interest, coherent theoretical accounts remain underdeveloped. This article develops microfoundations for a first-image rationalist explanation for war. It is shown that the basic physiological fact of necessary consumption induces context conditional risk preference, a feature that coherently explains empirical patterns of conflict. When applied to higher levels of analysis, the basic mechanism explains additional patterns such as the association between power preponderance and conflict and the oversized demands made by weak actors.
The Paths Not Taken?
Authors: de la Rasilla Ignacio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The introductory section examines the similarities between the prosecution dilemmas posed by the successive piracy crises off the coasts of Somalia and the Gulf of Guinea. Section 1 analyses how the prosecution-related shortcomings of universal jurisdiction and of the international treaty regime currently applicable to the crime of piracy have been compounded by domestic legal and structural factors affecting littoral states in the east and west Africa coasts. Section 2 follows by examining the role of crises as tipping points for international adjudication and introducing central concepts of the analytical tradition of ‘historical institutionalism’ such as ‘critical juncture’ or ‘path-dependence’. Section 3 then applies these analytical tools as it reviews the pros and cons of the main international, hybrid and nationally assisted adjudicative alternatives for the prosecution of the crime of piracy, which it divides into the categories of ‘ad hoc’ and ‘permanent’ solutions, and examines their potential applicability to the escalating piracy crisis in the Gulf of Guinea. The conclusion recaps the main findings of the article and highlights how the elusive quest for international adjudication of the crime of piracy in Africa illustrates the veiled, yet pervasive, influence of path-dependence on international adjudicative-setting processes.
The Subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas) 20. A. (P.) robertsi parasitizing nesting wading birds and domestic chickens in the Australian and Oriental Regions, viral infections, and host migration
Authors: Hoogstraal Harry , Kaiser Makram N. , McClure H. Elliott 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Study of about 10,000 ticks, chiefly from arboreal bird rookeries in Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), and Taiwan, shows that all represent Argas (Persicargas) robertsi Hoogstraal, Kaiser & Kohls. This species, originally described from domestic chicken houses in Queensland, Australia, is the Australian-Oriental counterpart of A. (P.) atloreus Kaieer, Hoogstraal & Kohls, which parasitizes the same and similar genera and species of wild birds through much of Africa (Ethiopian Faunal Region and Mediterranean Subregion of the Palearctic). Birds commonly inhabiting robertsi-infested rookeries are cormorants (Phalacrocorax), herons (Ardea, Ardeola, Bubulcus, Njcticorax), egrets (Egretta), the Open-billed Stork (Anastomus), and ibises (Threskiornis, Plegadis). Other birds, domestic chicken houses, a lighthouse beacon, and humans in rookeriss and in laboratories are also sources of specimens. Enormous populations of this parasite develop in rookeries inhabited by numerous birds whose migratory habits contribute to the wide dispersal of the ticks and their characteristic viruses. Tickborne viruses isolated from A. (P.) robertsi samples reported here are Kao Shuan (Taiwan, Java, Australia) and Pathum Thani (Thailand, Sri Lanka), both in the Dera Ghazi Khan group, and Nyamanini (Thailand, Sri Lanka), ungrouped. In Australia, A. (P.) persicus (Oken) was found in nests of galahs, Kakatoe roseicapilla; these are the only authentic records known to us of wild bird hosts of this cosmopolitan fowl tick outside its Central Asiar homeland.
Mosquito-Borne Infections in Fiji: IV. Biting times for village mosquitoes and human filaria transmission potential of Aedes polynesiensis and Aedes pseudoscutellaris
Authors: Rakai I. M. , Naserua J. D. , Macnamara F. N. , Pillai J. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Studies on biting times of common mosquitoes in Fiji revealed that Aedes polynesiensis and Ae. pseudoscutellaris were primarily day-time biters. Ae. vigilax and Ae. nocturnus were most active around midnight, while Culex quinquefasciatus, C. annulirostris and C. sitiens showed a preference for early evening biting. Ae. polynesiensis was restricted to a strip of the coast less than 0.8 km from the shoreline, whereas the distribution of Ae. pseudoscutellaris extended further inland. In investigations into human filaria transmission, it was found that there was rarely more than 1 mature Wucheroria bancrofti larva in any Ae. polynesiensis. Since both male and female filariae are required to establish a disease process in man, multiple infectious bites would be required.
Continuous Intravenous Ketamine for Pain Control After Tibial or Femoral Osteotomy
Authors: Johnson Zackary , Scribner Maggie , Patzkowski Jeanne , Patzkowski Michael 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this case series is to evaluate the potential of continuous intravenous ketamine administration as part of a multimodal strategy to reduce opioid requirements after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and distal femoral osteotomy (DFO).

Methods
We examined the average postoperative numerical rating scale pain intensity score from admission to the postanesthesia care unit to 8 am of the first postoperative day of four patients who underwent HTO or DFO. Pain scores were analyzed as the time-weighted sum of pain intensity differences using the trapezoidal rule of the curve, resulting in an area under the curve (AUC).

Results
Patient A had an AUC of 2,828 over 1,180 minutes with an average pain score of 2.4/10. Patient B had an AUC of 1,418 over 1,285 minutes with an average pain score of 1.1/10. Patient C had an AUC of 4,217 over 1,155 minutes with an average pain score of 3.7/10. Patient D had an AUC of 4,498 over 1,030 minutes with an average pain score of 4.4/10. All were able to go home on postoperative day 1.

Conclusions
This novel perioperative pain pathway including multiple non-opioid pain adjuncts and a low-dose continuous ketamine infusion is an effective method for pain management in knee periarticular osteotomies.

Level of Evidence
Level 4; Case Series.
A distinct pattern of growth and RAC1 signaling in melanoma brain metastasis cells
Authors: Stejerean-Todoran Ioana , Gimotty Phyllis A , Watters Andrea , Brafford Patricia , Krepler Clemens , Godok Tetiana , Li Haiyin , Bonilla del Rio Zuriñe , Zieseniss Anke , Katschinski Dörthe M , Sertel Sinem M , Rizzoli Silvio O , Garman Bradley , Nathanson Katherine L , Xu Xiaowei , Chen Qing , Oswald Jack H , Lotem Michal , Mills Gordon B , Davies Michael A , Schön Michael P , Bogeski Ivan , Herlyn Meenhard , Vultur Adina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma, the deadliest of skin cancers, has a high propensity to form brain metastases that are associated with a markedly worsened prognosis. In spite of recent therapeutic advances, melanoma brain lesions remain a clinical challenge, biomarkers predicting brain dissemination are not clear and differences with other metastatic sites are poorly understood.MethodsWe examined a genetically diverse panel of human-derived melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) and extracranial cell lines using targeted sequencing, a Reverse Phase Protein Array, protein expression analyses, and functional studies in vitro and in vivo.ResultsBrain-specific genetic alterations were not detected; however, MBM cells in vitro displayed lower proliferation rates and MBM-specific protein expression patterns associated with proliferation, DNA damage, adhesion, and migration. MBM lines displayed higher levels of RAC1 expression, involving a distinct RAC1-PAK1-JNK1 signaling network. RAC1 knockdown or treatment with small molecule inhibitors contributed to a less aggressive MBM phenotype in vitro, while RAC1 knockdown in vivo led to reduced tumor volumes and delayed tumor appearance. Proliferation, adhesion, and migration were higher in MBM vs nonMBM lines in the presence of insulin or brain-derived factors and were affected by RAC1 levels.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that despite their genetic variability, MBM engage specific molecular processes such as RAC1 signaling to adapt to the brain microenvironment and this can be used for the molecular characterization and treatment of brain metastases.
Colonizers, Scribes, and the Gods
Authors: Podany Amanda H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile the city of Uruk was growing in size, c. 3500 bce, it was also sending out colonists across the Near East. These people probably moved away in order to provide raw materials unavailable in southern Mesopotamia, such as metal ores, timber, and building stone. They settled as far afield as Susa in Iran, Habuba Kabira in Syria, and even Egypt. By 3300 bce, a proto-cuneiform writing system came into use to help organize the materials and workers in Uruk, but it was not yet an attempt to represent language, only numbers, commodities, and people. The tablets show that the economy was centralized and that the temple controlled and stored a great deal of grain. Over time, the symbols in the writing system became less pictographic, and the numerical systems became complex. A short biography of an official named Kushim explores his role in this system, including his responsibilities for keeping track of the temple’s barley, malt, and beer, and distributing it as needed. Some clay tablets from this period, around 3000 bce, feature school exercises, showing that schools existed for the scribes who managed the administration. At the head of this administration was a man called the en, who seems to have consolidated wealth in the form of fields. The en’s power came from his relationship to the deities who were seen as human in form, immortal, and associated with natural phenomena, such as the sun. The Mesopotamians believed their role was to serve and provide for the gods.