bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and occupational correlates of anxiety and depression in nurses: the contribution of role conflict, core self-evaluations, negative affect and bullying
Authors: Hosseini Zahra , Homayuni Atefeh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe work environment and the fatiguing nature of nursing are risk factors that cause psychological disorders. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between role conflict, core self-evaluations, negative affect, and bullying with anxiety and depression in nurses.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on the nurses working in hospitals of Bandar Abbas, Iran over 4 months (August 2019–November 2019). Data were collected using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale, Role Conflict Questionnaire, Core Self-Evaluations Scale, Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 22 software and the significance level was considered 0.05.ResultsThe findings revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between role conflict (r = 0.422,p < 0.01), negative affect (r = 0.715, p < 0.01), and bullying (r = 0.443,p < 0.01) with anxiety. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between core self-evaluations with anxiety (r = − 0.482,p < 0.01). Also, the findings indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between role conflict (r = 0.382,p < 0.01), negative affect (r = 0.672,p < 0.01), and bullying (r = 0.433,p < 0.01) with depression. There was a significant negative relationship between core self-evaluations and depression (r = − 0.603,p < 0.01). Moreover, regression analysis results revealed that negative affect, role conflict, and core self-evaluations predicted 54.3% of anxiety variance significantly. And lastly, negative affect and core self-evaluations predicted 53.3% of depression variance significantly.ConclusionsFindings indicated that having high negative affect, low core self-evaluations, high role conflict, and exposure to bullying at work enhances the rate of depression and anxiety in nurses. Hence, it is essential to improve the mental health of nurses and thus the quality of care provided by them through recognizing suitable supportive strategies and interventions.
Acupuncture attenuates comorbid anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors of atopic dermatitis through modulating neuroadaptation in the brain reward circuit in mice
Authors: Yeom Mijung , Ahn Sora , Jang Sun-Young , Jang Jae-Hwan , Lee Youngrye , Hahm Dae-Hyun , Park Hi-Joon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is highly comorbid with negative emotions such as anxiety and depression. Although acupuncture has demonstrated efficacy in AD, its influence on comorbid anxiety and depression remains unclear. We sought to explore the impact and mechanisms of action of acupuncture on comorbid anxiety and depression of AD. AD-like skin lesions were induced by the topical application of MC903 to the mouse cheek. Acupuncture was performed at Gok-Ji (LI11) acupoints. AD-like phenotypes were quantified by lesion scores, scratching behavior, and histopathological changes. The effects of acupuncture on comorbid anxiety and depression-like behaviors were assessed using the elevated plus-maze (EPM), open-field tests (OFT), and tail-suspension test (TST). In addition, biochemical changes in the brain reward regions were investigated by immunoblotting for the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine D1 receptor (D1R), phospho-dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32 kDa (pDARPP-32), phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB), ΔFosB, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the nucleus accumbens, dorsolateral striatum, and ventral tegmental area. Acupuncture effectively improved the chronic itching and robust AD-like skin lesions with epidermal thickening. Additionally, it considerably reduced comorbid anxiety- and depression-like symptoms, as indicated by more time spent in the open arms of the EPM and in the center of the open field and less time spent immobile in the TST. Higher pCREB, ΔFosB, BDNF, and pDARPP-32 levels, and reduced TH and D1R protein expression in the brain reward regions of AD mice were reversed by acupuncture treatment. The beneficial effects of acupuncture on clinical symptoms (scratching behavior) and comorbid psychological distress in AD strongly correlated with dorsal striatal ΔFosB levels. Collectively, these data indicate that acupuncture had a significant, positive impact on comorbid anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by modulating neuroadaptation in the brain reward circuit in mice with AD, providing a novel perspective for the non-pharmacological management of psychiatric comorbidities of AD.
Crisis-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) in acute mental health inpatient settings (the CRISIS study): protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wood Lisa , Williams Claire , Pinfold Vanessa , Nolan Fiona , Morrison Anthony P. , Morant Nicola , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Lewis Glyn , Lay Barbara , Jones Rebecca , Greenwood Kathryn , Johnson Sonia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) has an established evidence base and is recommended by clinical guidelines to be offered during the acute phases of psychosis. However, few research studies have examined the efficacy of CBTp interventions specifically adapted for the acute mental health inpatient context with most research trials being conducted with white European community populations.

Aims
The aim of this study is to conduct a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT), which incorporates the examination of feasibility markers, of a crisis-focused CBTp intervention adapted for an ethnically diverse acute mental health inpatient population, in preparation for a large-scale randomised controlled trial. The study will examine the feasibility of undertaking the trial, the acceptability and safety of the intervention and the suitability of chosen outcome measures. This will inform the planning of a future, fully powered RCT.

Methods
A single-site, parallel-group, pilot RCT will be conducted examining the intervention. Drawing on principles of coproduction, the intervention has been adapted in partnership with key stakeholders: service users with lived experience of psychosis and of inpatient care (including those from ethnic minority backgrounds), carers, multi-disciplinary inpatient clinicians and researchers. Sixty participants with experience of psychosis and in current receipt of acute mental health inpatient care will be recruited. Participants will be randomly allocated to either the crisis-focused CBTp intervention or treatment as usual (TAU).

Discussion
Findings of this pilot RCT will indicate whether a larger multi-site RCT is needed to investigate the efficacy of the intervention. If the initial results demonstrate that this trial is feasible and the intervention is acceptable, it will provide evidence that a full-scale effectiveness trial may be warranted.

Trial registration
This trial has been prospectively registered on the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN59055607) on the 18th of February 2021.
PP-wave reflection coefficient in stress-induced anisotropic media and amplitude variation with incident angle and azimuth inversion
Authors: Chen Fubin , Zong Zhaoyun 
Published: September 2022

The PP-wave reflection coefficient (i.e., the ratio of the amplitude of reflected P wave to the amplitude of incident P wave) has crucial practical applications in many field scenarios, such as seismic inversion and in-situ stress monitoring. However, the effect of biaxial stress, frequently encountered in the earth’s interior, on the PP-wave reflection coefficient is seldom studied. To fill this gap, we first formulate the P- and S-wave moduli and density in a biaxial-stress-induced anisotropic medium based on the acoustoelasticity theory. Then, the stress-dependent anisotropy parameters and normal/tangential rock weaknesses are proposed in the context of the stress-induced anisotropy model to obtain the corresponding effective elastic stiffness tensor and its spatial perturbation. Two stress-induced anisotropy factors (SIAF) are established to quantify the magnitude of anisotropy in a stress-induced anisotropic medium. The media with large SIAF tend to demonstrate strong anisotropy when stressed and tend to be more easily fractured from the perspective of engineering application. Furthermore, an approximate formula for the PP-wave reflection coefficient for biaxial-stress-induced anisotropic media is developed with the scattering theory. Numerical results illustrate how the reflection coefficients are affected by horizontal biaxial stress and demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of our formula. Modeled and field inversion examples illustrate that SIAF can be reasonably inverted with our amplitude variation with incident angle and azimuth inversion method from azimuthal seismic data. Our results help to better understand the effect of biaxial stress on anisotropy and wave propagation in stress-induced anisotropic media.
An accurate analytical model for squirt flow in anisotropic porous rocks — Part 2: Complex geometry
Authors: Alkhimenkov Yury , Quintal Beatriz 
Published: September 2022

Seismic waves exhibit strong attenuation and velocity dispersion when they propagate in porous rocks saturated with a fluid. The main cause of such energy dissipation is fluid flow in the pore space, so called squirt flow. Squirt flow takes place between interconnected pores and cracks or grain-to-grain contacts. The corresponding theory can be used to characterize porous rocks in the subsurface with noninvasive seismic methods. We extend the analytical model for a classical pore geometry presented in part 1 of our paper to more complex geometries of the pore space, where the crack edge is partially connected to multiple pores. This pore geometry is much more closely representative of rocks than the classical geometry where the crack edge is fully connected to a toroidal pore. We develop an approach to calculate the model compliance taking into account the interconnectivity of the crack and pores. We redefine a squirt flow length parameter which takes into account the geometrical configuration of the multiple connections between a crack and the surrounding pores. This configuration will control the geometrical flow pattern and thus the diffusion length scale or, in other words, the characteristic frequency. We validate our analytical model against inherently accurate 3D numerical solutions. The analytical and numerical results are in excellent agreement for a range of different pore geometries. Published analytical solutions expect the user to know the dry stiffness (e.g., from laboratory measurements), but in our work, we also provide a way to calculate analytically the dry stiffness for the precise geometry that we consider. The new analytical model redefines the quantitative and qualitative description of seismic attenuation and velocity dispersion due to squirt flow. We provide the MATLAB and symbolic Maple routines to reproduce our main results.
Cell lineage specification and signalling pathway use during development of the lateral plate mesoderm and forelimb mesenchyme
Authors: Newton Axel H. , Williams Sarah M. , Major Andrew T. , Smith Craig A. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) is a transient tissue that produces a diverse range of differentiated structures, including the limbs. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive early LPM specification and development are poorly understood. In this study, we use single-cell transcriptomics to define the cell-fate decisions directing LPM specification, subdivision and early initiation of the forelimb mesenchyme in chicken embryos. We establish a transcriptional atlas and global cell-cell signalling interactions in progenitor, transitional and mature cell types throughout the developing forelimb field. During LPM subdivision, somatic and splanchnic LPM fate is achieved through activation of lineage-specific gene modules. During the earliest stages of limb initiation, we identify activation of TWIST1 in the somatic LPM as a putative driver of limb bud epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, we define a new role for BMP signalling during early limb development, revealing that it is necessary for inducing a somatic LPM fate and initiation of limb outgrowth, potentially through activation of TBX5. Together, these findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying LPM development, somatic LPM fate choice and early initiation of the vertebrate limb.
Model Study toward Total Synthesis of Mytilipin C
Authors: Umezawa Taiki , Prakoso Nurcahyo Iman , Tsuji Koichi , Ogura Yosuke , Sato Takumi , Matsuda Fuyuhiko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Synthetic studies on mytilipin C, belonging to the chlorosulfolipid (CSL) family, with a model substrate are described. Although the isolation and structure determination of mytilipin C were first reported by Ciminiello and Fattorusso in 2002, the originally proposed structure possibly needs revision because the originally proposed structure of mytilipin B, a similar natural product, was revised through excellent work by Carreira. Our synthetic study includes three unique reactions: (1) preparation of a labile α,β-chlorinated Weinreb amide from an epoxide precursor, (2) nucleophilic addition of an acetylide to the resultant amide to give a labile α,β-chlorinated ketone, and (3) effective formation of a highly functionalized acetylide from the corresponding iodoalkyne by treatment with Turbo Grignard reagent. The vicinal coupling constants between α- and β-protons of syn- and anti-α,β-dichlorocarbonyl compounds show small and large values, respectively.
Generating actionable insights from free-text care experience survey data using qualitative and computational text analysis: A study protocol
Authors: Rohde Daniela , Isazad Mashinchi Mona , Rizun Nina , Gruda Dritjon , Foley Conor , Flynn Rachel , Ojo Adegboyega 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The National Care Experience Programme (NCEP) conducts national surveys that ask people about their experiences of care in order to improve the quality of health and social care services in Ireland. Each survey contains open-ended questions, which allow respondents to comment on their experiences. While these comments provide important and valuable information about what matters most to service users, there is to date no unified approach to the analysis and integration of this detailed feedback. The objectives of this study are to analyse qualitative responses to NCEP surveys to determine the key care activities, resources and contextual factors related to positive and negative experiences; to identify key areas for improvement, policy development, healthcare regulation and monitoring; and to provide a tool to access the results of qualitative analyses on an ongoing basis to provide actionable insights and drive targeted improvements. Methods: Computational text analytics methods will be used to analyse 93,135 comments received in response to the National Inpatient Experience Survey and National Maternity Experience Survey. A comprehensive analytical framework grounded in both service management literature and the NCEP data will be employed as a coding framework to underpin automated analyses of the data using text analytics and deep learning techniques. Scenario-based designs will be adopted to determine effective ways of presenting insights to knowledge users to address their key information and decision-making needs. Conclusion: This study aims to use the qualitative data collected as part of routine care experience surveys to their full potential, making this information easier to access and use by those involved in developing quality improvement initiatives. The study will include the development of a tool to facilitate more efficient and standardised analysis of care experience data on an ongoing basis, enhancing and accelerating the translation of patient experience data into quality improvement initiatives.
Associations between occupation, leprosy disability and other sociodemographic factors in an endemic area of Brazil
Authors: Cisneros Juan , Ferreira José Antonio , de Faria Grossi Maria Aparecida , de Filippis Thelma , de Oliveira Ana Laura Grossi , Lyon Sandra , Fairley Jessica K. 
Published: September 2022

Background
In Brazil, new leprosy cases with grade-2 disability (G2D) have been increasing. Physical disability has been associated with experienced stigmatization, psychological distress, and social restriction.

Objectives
To identify factors associated with leprosy disability in an endemic area of Brazil focusing on occupational and other sociodemographic factors.

Methods
Between July and December 2015, adult patients with multibacillary leprosy who attended a clinic in Belo Horizonte, Brazil were enrolled. Social, clinical, and demographic factors were collected from an administered questionnaire and medical charts. Occupations were categorized as manual vs non-manual. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were performed to study associated factors with disability (Grade 1 disability (G1D) and G2D combined).

Findings
Seventy-three patients were enrolled with 48 (65.8%) presenting with either G1D or G2D at the time of enrollment. Twenty-nine (39.7%) had G2D. About half of the patients (n = 36, 49%) reported a manual labor occupation and reactions were common (n = 53, 73%). On univariate analyses, older age (p = 0.048) and low education (p = 0.007) were associated with disability. On multivariable analyses, only low education (primary or less) was associated with disability (OR = 6.34, 95% CI 1.37, 29.26). Greater distance from clinic, income, smoking, marital status, and occupation were not associated.

Main conclusions
Low education was associated with leprosy disability, consistent with prior studies, and therefore should be a focus for disability reduction programs. While the sample size of this study may have limited detection of associations between disability and social determinants tested, half of the patients reported a manual job, highlighting the need for more extensive studies on associations between occupation, disability, and related injuries.
Vaccine-linked chemotherapy with a low dose of benznidazole plus a bivalent recombinant protein vaccine prevents the development of cardiac fibrosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi in chronically-infected BALB/c mice
Authors: Dzul-Huchim Victor Manuel , Ramirez-Sierra Maria Jesus , Martinez-Vega Pedro Pablo , Rosado-Vallado Miguel Enrique , Arana-Argaez Victor Ermilo , Ortega-Lopez Jaime , Gusovsky Fabian , Dumonteil Eric , Cruz-Chan Julio Vladimir , Hotez Peter , Bottazzi María Elena , Villanueva-Lizama Liliana Estefania 
Published: September 2022

Background
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and affects 6–7 million people worldwide. Approximately 30% of chronic patients develop chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) after decades. Benznidazole (BNZ), one of the first-line chemotherapy used for CD, induces toxicity and fails to halt the progression of CCC in chronic patients. The recombinant parasite-derived antigens, including Tc24, Tc24-C4, TSA-1, and TSA-1-C4 with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) agonist-adjuvants reduce cardiac parasite burdens, heart inflammation, and fibrosis, leading us to envision their use as immunotherapy together with BNZ. Given genetic immunization (DNA vaccines) encoding Tc24 and TSA-1 induce protective immunity in mice and dogs, we propose that immunization with the corresponding recombinant proteins offers an alternative and feasible strategy to develop these antigens as a bivalent human vaccine. We hypothesized that a low dose of BNZ in combination with a therapeutic vaccine (TSA-1-C4 and Tc24-C4 antigens formulated with a synthetic TLR-4 agonist-adjuvant, E6020-SE) given during early chronic infection, could prevent cardiac disease progression and provide antigen-specific T cell immunity.

Methodology/ Principal findings
We evaluated the therapeutic vaccine candidate plus BNZ (25 mg/kg/day/7 days) given on days 72 and 79 post-infection (p.i) (early chronic phase). Fibrosis, inflammation, and parasite burden were quantified in heart tissue at day 200 p.i. (late chronic phase). Further, spleen cells were collected to evaluate antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune response, using flow cytometry. We found that vaccine-linked BNZ treated mice had lower cardiac fibrosis compared to the infected untreated control group. Moreover, cells from mice that received the immunotherapy had higher stimulation index of antigen-specific CD8+Perforin+ T cells as well as antigen-specific central memory T cells compared to the infected untreated control.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the bivalent immunotherapy together with BNZ treatment given during early chronic infection protects BALB/c mice against cardiac fibrosis progression and activates a strong CD8+ T cell response by in vitro restimulation, evidencing the induction of a long-lasting T. cruzi-immunity.