bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete Lined (SFRS) Tunnel: A Himalayan Case Study
Authors: Srivastav Ambika , Satyam Neelima , Rajan K.S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The entire Himalayan arc is predicted to produce a series of significant earthquakes and the subsequent great earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 and higher. A substantial amount of rock tunneling is being carried out in the Himalayan region to meet the growing demand for transportation, power, and other infrastructure projects. Earthquake forces influence the final design of the tunnel, which requires further strengthening of the concrete lining and improvement in tunnel support. Because of increasing importance, it is essential to combine the dynamic forces and displacements produced by seismic ground movements into the design stage for tunnels. In this paper, a numerical analysis has been carried out to assess the seismic performance of a proposed hydropower tunnel of 8.8m diameter (horseshoe-shape) in Uttarakhand, India. The impact of earthquakes on underground structures such as tunnels is often considered to be insignificant. However, the results of this study show how that stress from seismic loads can be damaging to the stability of the tunnel. In this study, a pseudo-static approach was adopted to assess the impact of the earthquake on the tunnel lining for the sections located in different rocks namely slate (Q=3.4), quartzite (Q=6), and dolomitic limestone (Q=5.2), respectively. Pseudo-static analysis findings suggest there is a 35% increase in the lining forces for an impact of earthquake for the tunnel section situated in Slate. Furthermore, displacements and damage-prone areas are determined to assess the damage to the tunnel, which could be helpful for rapid evaluations of potential future damage.
Prediction of Strata Monitoring System in Underground Coal Mines Using IoT
Authors: Mitra Shankhajit , Kumar Dheeraj , Chaulya S.K. , Kumar Chiranjeev 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Underground coal mines are known for being one of the most hazardous sectors due to its working environment. The mine workers are usually prone to many risk factors leading to heavy casualties. As per the statistical records of Directorate General of Mines Safety, roof fall is one of the major causes of accident in Indian underground coal mines. One of the critical contributing factors of such accidents is lack of roof fall prediction system, thereby leading to failure to withdraw or removal of working persons before the actual failure. Real-time monitoring of strata movement and analysing the acquired data for predicting possible roof fall well in advance through an effective intelligent system can certainly pave way in reducing the accidents due to roof fall.
The paper presents an integrated strata management system for continuous monitoring of strata behaviour and analysing the data using artificial intelligence for prediction of failure of strata ahead of time.
This web-based monitoring system initially sets the customizable threshold values according to the mine conditions followed by continuously monitoring of the strata conditions including triggering an alarm system when the retrieved data crosses the set threshold limit.
Geochemistry and Utilization of Water from Thermal Springs of Tawang and West Kameng Districts, Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Dutta Archisman , Gupta Ramesh Kumar 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The hydrogeochemical studies provide insights about reservoir conditions of geothermal springs along with utilization of thermal waters for domestic, livestock and irrigation purposes. Most of the hot springs of Tawang and West Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh emanated through garnet bearing high grade gneissmigmatite-schist-quartzite sequence of the Se La Group, except for Dirang hot springs which emanate from river terrace deposits lying on the footwall of deformed quartzite-phyllite. The thermal waters are of mixed Na-Ca-HCO3-SO4-Cl type, meteoric in origin and at the same time immature in nature, moving sluggishly towards mineral-fluid equilibration zone with slow rock-water interactions. Chemical geothermometry showed wide variation in estimation of sub-surface reservoir temperature and quartz geothermometry model fits prominently to provide the most reliable reservoir temperature varying within 90±40°C. The studies recorded highest reservoir temperature of Thingbu hot spring with 133°C with very high fluoride concentration in all the hot springs except Bishum and Phudung as per BIS (2012) IS: 10500 specifications. High fluoride and sulfate concentration in thermal spring waters make it unsuitable for drinking purpose. The applicability of thermal waters for irrigation is predicted through sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) calculations which showed that waters of Dirang-2, Sorbe and Kitpi-1&2 are not suitable for irrigation purpose due to high salinity and SAR values.
Mineral Chemistry and Geothermometry of Biotite in the Granitoids, Located in and around Jirang-Patharkhamah Area, Ri-Bhoi District, Meghalaya, India
Authors: Gogoi Anamika , Bhagabaty Balen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Granitoids are well exposed in Jirang-Patharkhamah area (latitude N 25°57'- 25°41' and longitude E 91°30'- 91°38'). The area lies mostly inRi-Bhoidistrict and is also extended to West Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. The granitoids are medium grained and nonporphyritic. The colour is dominantly grey although some granitoids are pink in colour. The common minerals in order of abundance are quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite and hornblende. Secondary minerals are sericite, chlorite, muscovite, secondary hornblende and secondary biotite. Among accessory minerals, sphene, zircon, apatite, calcite, zoisite, magnetite and monazite are significant. The intergrowth textures such as perthite, myrmekite in these rocks indicate that the rocks were affected by low temperature alteration. The representative samples ploy in the field of granite in various geochemical discrimination diagrams. The aim of the present paper is geochemical characterisation of the granitoids using major and trace elements (including REE). The whole rock geochemistry reveals that the granitoid is I-type, calc-alkaline, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous and an attempt is made to examine the nature of the magma based on biotite mineral chemistry. The biotite chemistry indicates that the granitoid is I-type and calc-alkaline. The paper also aims to estimate temperature of emplacement of granitoids based on two feldspar geothermometer and Ti-in biotite geothermometer. The temperature calculated from two feldspar thermometry is in the range 512-602°C and the average is 550°C. The temperature calculated by Ti-in biotite thermometer is in the range 623 to 656°C and the average is 645°C. Geothermometric results plays an important role in definition of petrogenetic history and regional tectonism.
Estimation of Dry-Season Fluctuation in Specific Yield using Water Budgeting Approach in Bonasuria Micro-watershed of Damodar River Basin, India
Authors: Chakraborty Sanjib , Roy Indranil , Kumar Suresh 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Heterogeneity in lithological and structural characteristics results in variation of specific yield (Sy) value in spatial domain. It also depends upon degree of saturation of aquifer. This imparts temporal variation in Sy value in an aquifer. Bonasuria micro-watershed of Damodar river-basin in India is selected to undertake the study of estimation of temporal variation in Sy based upon monthly ground water budgeting for three non-monsoon months. Sy value gradually changes with progression of summer months. Average specific yield value has been estimated as 0.002593 in March and 0.001446 in April. Determined specific yield values indicate low water storage capacity of the shallow aquifer system. This highlights the need of efficient water management for sustainable development of the area. Present study indicates that this can be achieved through storing the effluent seepage going out of the micro- water shed system as base flow. By constructing appropriate water storage structure at the mouth of the water shed and diverting the same back to the aquifer through suitable means is expected to rejuvenate the aquifer system. Holistically this intervention will lead towards development of sustainable dry-season agricultural practices in the study area.
Review on Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport Modelling in India: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Ramesh Sanjib , Pujari Paras R. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The declining groundwater level, deteriorating groundwater quality and decreasing well yield necessitate the need to have an informed understanding of the aquifer system vis-à-vis the natural and anthropogenic stresses. The groundwater modelling research has gained momentum in the last 30 years, and the advent of fast computing platform coupled with Graphical User Interface (GUI) based user-friendly software have provided further stimulus. It is being used as an effective tool for groundwater development and management encompassing a wide range of applications in different areas like agriculture, mining and environment. This article is intended to review the efficacy of applications of groundwater flow and solute transport modelling in India over the last 22 years (1997 to 2019) attempted by researchers, research institutes and groundwater agencies. An attempt is made to examine the strength and weakness of the groundwater modelling efforts, gaps in our knowledge and the future research directions. The literature review attests that the groundwater models developed in India are mostly with the help of commercial software namely Visual MODFLOW, GMS and Groundwater Vista. Different aspects in groundwater modelling like conceptualization of the model, steady state and transient calibration, sensitivity analysis and prediction scenario attempted in the model are reported and the research areas for future are identified. The literature review suggests that the modelling efforts need to be strengthened and capability be developed by attempting modelling the migration of heavy metals, nitrate and pesticides. The sensitivity analysis need to be addressed and future efforts should be on Global Sensitivity Index. The modelling efforts need to incorporate the climate change scenario.
Learning From the Past to Improve the Future
Authors: Naous Dana , Bonner Manus , Humbert Mathias , Legner Christine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContact tracing apps were considered among the first tools to control the spread of COVID-19 and ease lockdown measures. While these apps can be very effective at stopping transmission and saving lives, the level of adoption remains significantly below the expected critical mass. The public debate as well as academic research about contact tracing apps emphasizes general concerns about privacy (and the associated risks) but often disregards the value-added services, as well as benefits, that can result from a larger user base. To address this gap, the study analyzes goal-congruent features as drivers for user adoption. It uses market research techniques – specifically, conjoint analysis – to study individual and group preferences and gain insights into the prescriptive design. While the results confirm the privacy-preserving design of most European contact tracing apps, they emphasize the role of value-added services in addressing heterogeneous user segments to drive user adoption. The findings thereby are of relevance for designing effective contact tracing apps, but also inform the user-oriented design of apps for health and crisis management that rely on sharing sensitive information.
Citrus fruits are rich in flavonoids for immunoregulation and potential targeting ACE2
Authors: Liu Wenting , Zheng Weikang , Cheng Liping , Li Ming , Huang Jie , Bao Shuzheng , Xu Qiang , Ma Zhaocheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe most recent outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus, named as COVID-19, caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan with 2121 deaths cases as of February 20th 2020. Identification of effective antiviral agents to combat the novel coronavirus is urgently needed. Citrus fruit peel or wild citrus are rich in flavonoids, and clinically documented for roles in relief of cough and promotion of digestive health. Therefore, citrus fruits are assumed to possess antivirus activities or enhance the host immunity. A previous study found that hesperetin could act as a high potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV 3CLpro. We determined six flavonoid compounds’ content in three citrus species by using LC–MS technique. The content of naringin and naringenin was at higher levels in pummelo. Hesperetin and hesperidin were highly accumulated in mandarin and sweet orange. The subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that naringin could inhibit the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines (COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β and IL-6) induced by LPS in Raw macrophage cell line, and may restrain cytokine through inhibiting HMGB1 expression in a mouse model. The results revealed that naringin may have a potential application for preventing cytokine storm. We simulated molecular docking to predict the binding affinity of those flavonoids to bind Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), which is a receptor of the coronavirus. Consideration of the potential anti-coronavirus and anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids, the citrus fruit or its derived phytochemicals are promising in the use of prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Graphical Abstract
Ultrasound for the detection of the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland
Authors: Freilinger A. , Kaserer K. , Zettinig G. , Pruidze P. , Reissig L. F. , Rossmann T. , Weninger W. J. , Meng S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The pyramidal lobe (PL) is an ancillary lobe of the thyroid gland that can be affected by the same pathologies as the rest of the gland. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of high-resolution sonography in the detection of the PL with verification by dissection and histological examination.

Methods
In a prospective, cross-sectional mono-center study, 50 fresh, non-embalmed cadavers were included. Blinded ultrasound examination was performed to detect the PL by two investigators of different experience levels. If the PL was detected with ultrasound, dissection was performed to expose the PL and obtain a tissue sample. When no PL was detected with ultrasound, a tissue block of the anterior cervical region was excised. An endocrine pathologist microscopically examined all tissue samples and tissue blocks for the presence of thyroid parenchyma.

Results
The prevalence of the PL was 80% [40/50; 95% CI (68.9%; 91.1%)]. Diagnostic performance for both examiners was: sensitivity (85.0%; 42.5%), specificity (50.0%; 60.0%), positive predictive value (87.2%; 81.0%), negative predictive value (45.5%; 21.0%) and accuracy (78.0%; 46.0%). Regression analysis demonstrated that neither thyroid parenchyma echogenicity, thyroid gland volume, age nor body size proved to be covariates in the accurate detection of a PL (p > .05).

Conclusion
We report that high-resolution ultrasound is an adequate examination modality to detect the PL. Our findings indicate a higher prevalence than previously reported. Therefore, the PL may be regarded as a regular part of the thyroid gland. We also advocate a dedicated assessment of the PL in routine thyroid ultrasound.
Upper versus lower body resistance exercise with elastic bands: effects on cognitive and physical function of institutionalized older adults
Authors: Sanchez-Lastra Miguel A. , Varela Silvia , Cancela José M. , Ayán Carlos 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the effects of upper versus the lower-body resistance exercise on cognitive and physical functions of institutionalized older people.

Methods
This was a non-randomized multi-center comparative and crossover study (clincialtrials.gov code NCT03831373). Two experimental groups performed a 12-week intervention of resistance exercises with low-intensity elastic bands, one program focused on exercises of the upper body (n = 20, mean age 87.6 ± 6.4 years, 75% women) and the other on the lower body (n = 29, mean age 81.4 ± 7.7 years, 55% women). Following 12 weeks of detraining, the groups performed the other intervention. After another 12 weeks, a follow-up assessment was carried. The control group (n = 19, mean age 81.3 ± 9.5, 68% women) performed a full body stretching exercise program in both phases. Before and after each period, cognitive and physical function was assessed by standardized test (Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making test and Phototest; Timed Up and Go, Back Scratch, Chair Sit and Reach and had grip strength, respectively). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were carried.

Results
After the first intervention, significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in the cognitive function in both experimental groups, and in the hand grip strength in the group that performed lower-body exercise. After the second phase, all groups showed improvements in lower-body and shoulder flexibility and a significant worsening in hand grip strength. The lower-body exercise group showed a worsening in cognitive function, and the upper-body group in functional mobility and dynamic balance.

Conclusions
Resistance exercise with elastic bands showed beneficial effects on cognitive function and functional independence in institutionalized older adults. While upper body exercises seemed to be more effective on cognitive function, lower limb exercises showed better results on physical function parameters.
Flow behavior of thermo-thickening associative polymers in porous media: effects of associative content, salinity, time, velocity, and temperature
Authors: Åsen Siv Marie , Stavland Arne , Strand Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Above a critical temperature, thermo-thickening associative polymers (TAPs) have a superior ability to decrease the mobility of the water phase, compared to traditional polymers for enhanced oil recovery. The ability to decrease the mobility, will be amplified at low flow velocities, and by the presence of salt, and is much higher in porous media than would be expected from bulk viscosity. In this work, we have examined TAPs ability to reduce the mobility, i.e., to increase the resistance factor. We have studied the effect of increasing the associative content, changing the porous media, changing the salinity, and scaling up the size of the porous media. How the resistance factor evolved, was studied as a function of temperature, velocity, and time. We found that a critical associative content or critical concentration of polymer was needed to achieve thermo-thickening in the porous media. As expected, thermo-thickening increased by increasing the salinity. For the relative homogenous clastic porose media investigated here, ranging from ~ 1Darcy sandstone to multidarcy sand, type of porous media did not seem to have a significant impact on the resistance factor. Time and amount of polymer injected is a critical factor: The buildup of thermo-thickening is delayed compared to the polymer front. For our tests with the weaker systems, we also observed a breakdown of the associative network at very low injection rates, possibly caused by the formation of intramolecular association.

Article highlights
Key findings from our tests of thermo-thickening associative polymer for enhance oil recovery operations:

At high temperature, the polymer solutions mobility in porous media is much lower than expected from viscosity

At low temperature, the flow behavior is like that of a traditional synthetic polymer

This will mean good injectivity and superior sweep, compared to a traditional polymer for enhanced oil recovery
Performance of Open and In-Filled (Geofoam) Trenches in Mitigating Ground-Borne Vibrations Induced by Impact Loading
Authors: Jazebi Majid , Ahmadi Mohammad Mehdi , Saberian Mohammad , Li Jie , Sahebalzamani Parastoo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe open or in-filled trenches are often used in engineering practice to mitigate ground vibration induced by different types of vibration sources. A novel approach which is considering the effect of Rayleigh wavelength on the efficiency of open and in-filled trenches coupled with regular specific normalized dimensions was implemented in this study. While impact loading is a very common type of loading (in, e.g., machine foundations, driven pile installation), it was rarely studied in the past. The loading is selected to consist of 12 impact pulses. In this study, it was shown that Rayleigh wavelength controls the effect of trench-normalized dimensions on its performance, and therefore, studying the trench effectiveness based only on its normalized dimensions is a limited assumption. For open trenches, the depth of trench is the key parameter controlling its efficiency, while its width does not have a significant effect except for shallow trenches (normalized width of less than 0.7) in the condition of low Rayleigh wavelength (2.0 m). Also, it was shown that the trench should be installed at a normalized distance of at least 1.0. Furthermore, the numerical results revealed that the effect of the normalized width of the geofoam trench on its efficiency for Rayleigh wavelength $${\lambda }_{R}=2.0 \, \mathrm{m}$$

λ
R

=
2.0

m

was more than that for $${\lambda }_{R}=8.0 \, \mathrm{m}$$

λ
R

=
8.0

m

. Also, several graphs for the design of geofoam trenches under different Rayleigh wavelengths were proposed in this study, which could be useful in practice.
Human in the Loop Fuzzy Pattern Tree Evolution
Authors: Murphy Aidan , Murphy Gráinne , Dias Douglas Mota , Amaral Jorge , Naredo Enrique , Ryan Conor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFuzzy pattern trees evolved using grammatical evolution, a system we call Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution, are shown to be a robust Explainable Artificial Intelligence technique. Experimental results show Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution achieves competitive results when compared against SVM, Random Forest and Logistic Regression on a set of real world benchmark problems. Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution allows for human input throughout the evolutionary process. Regularization methods and double tournament selection were investigated to determine what method was most successful at finding smaller, more interpretable models. A domain expert was recruited to investigate the interpretability of the models found and to give a confidence score for each model. This expert successfully identified overfit models, validating that Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution can be regarded a powerful Explainable Artificial Intelligence technique.
May the Vietnam Response Have Reduced Daily New Cases of COVID-19 in the Country?
Authors: Vu Danh C. , Nguyen Trang H.D. , Ho Thi L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Vietnam, a Southeast Asian country, has documented 1,515 polymerase chain reaction-positive confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases with 35 deaths a year after the first infection recorded in Ha Noi on January 23, 2020. Half of the infected patients are at the age of 21 to 40 y. While numbers of infections in many countries in the region continue to surge, Vietnam is seeing decreases in the number of daily new cases. As a result of COVID-19 trajectory different from the other countries, as of April 23, 2020, Vietnam is no longer under lockdown and is slowly restarting its socioeconomic activities. This report aims to provide a summary of the COVID-19 situation and response to the pandemic in Vietnam.