bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unbending the Light: Changing Laws and Policies to Make Transgender Health Visible; Reflections of an Advocate
Authors: Green Jamison 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis essay describes an instrumental advocate’s development, engagement, and accomplishments in transgender health at the intersection of law and medicine. Reflecting on the evolution of insurance policy reforms in conjunction with the need to increase the availability of clinicians who can understand and respectfully treat transgender patients, the author demonstrates how visibility, tenacity, and ingenuity can create far-reaching change.
Disaggregating geodetic glacier mass balance to annual scale using remote-sensing proxies
Authors: Banerjee Argha , Singh Ujjwal , Sheth Chintan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDecadal-scale, high-resolution geodetic measurements of glacier thinning have transformed our understanding of glacier response to climate change. Annual glacier mass balance can be estimated using remote-sensing proxies like snow-line altitude. These methods require field data for calibration, which are not available for most glaciers. Here we propose a method that combines multiple remotely-sensed proxies to obtain robust estimates of the annual glacier-wide balance using only remotely-sensed decadal-scale geodetic mass balance for calibration. The method is tested on Chhota Shigri, Argentière and Saint-Sorlin glaciers in the Himalaya and the Alps between 2001 and 2020, using four remotely-sensed proxies – the snow-line altitude, the minimum summer albedo over the glacier and two statistics of normalised difference snow index over the off-glacier area around the ablation zone. The reconstructed mass balance compares favourably with the corresponding glaciological field data (correlation coefficient 0.81 − 0.90, p < 0.001; root mean squared error 0.38 − 0.43 m w.e. a−1). The method presented may be useful to study interannual variability in mass balance on glaciers where no field data are available.
A semi-automated, GIS-based framework for the mapping of supraglacial hydrology
Authors: Bash Eleanor A , Shellian Colette , Dow Christine F , Mcdermid Greg , Kochtitzky Will , Medrzycka Dorota , Copland Luke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSupraglacial drainage networks play an integral role in both glacier dynamics and run-off timing, and mapping them provides insight into their role in glacial systems. Here we present a reproducible approach for semi-automated mapping of supraglacial hydrologic features, which complements existing work in automated and manual mapping by providing clear definitions for identification of features. This framework uses a digital terrain model (DTM) to identify potential flow routes on the glacier surface, which are then classified using a set of standardized rules based on the DTM and an orthomosaic. We found that the normalized difference water index calculated from digital imagery was influenced by image brightness and introduce a new approach using average RGB values to correct for this. Using this framework we mapped supraglacial drainage networks at Nàłùdäy and Thores Glacier, Canada. The framework was easier to implement with high-resolution (0.5 m) imagery and DTMs, compared to data with lower resolution (10 m), due to the increased detail in topography and feature boundaries at high-resolution. Lower-resolution data captured larger streams (>2 pixels wide), however, indicating that the framework can still be used at this resolution. Mapping supraglacial hydrology using standardized methods opens possibilities for investigating many questions relating to changes in supraglacial hydrology over time.
Time-convergent random matrices from mean-field pinned interacting eigenvalues
Authors: Mengütürk Levent Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study a multivariate system over a finite lifespan represented by a Hermitian-valued random matrix process whose eigenvalues (i) interact in a mean-field way and (ii) converge to their weighted ensemble average at their terminal time. We prove that such a system is guaranteed to converge in time to the identity matrix that is scaled by a Gaussian random variable whose variance is inversely proportional to the dimension of the matrix. As the size of the system grows asymptotically, the eigenvalues tend to mutually independent diffusions that converge to zero at their terminal time, a Brownian bridge being the archetypal example. Unlike commonly studied random matrices that have non-colliding eigenvalues, the proposed eigenvalues of the given system here may collide. We provide the dynamics of the eigenvalue gap matrix, which is a random skew-symmetric matrix that converges in time to the
$\textbf{0}$
matrix. Our framework can be applied in producing mean-field interacting counterparts of stochastic quantum reduction models for which the convergence points are determined with respect to the average state of the entire composite system.
Imaginative processes in children are not particularly imaginative
Authors: Weisberg Deena Skolnick , Sobel David M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe authors argue that children prefer fictions with imaginary worlds. But evidence from the developmental literature challenges this claim. Children's choices of stories and story events show that they often prefer realism. Further, work on the imagination's relation to counterfactual reasoning suggests that an attraction to unrealistic fiction would undermine the imagination's role in helping children understand reality.
Imagining our moral values in the present and future
Authors: Wylie Jordan , Alto Alix , Gantman Ana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Imaginary worlds allow us to safely develop, crystallize, and criticize our moral values – at times even serving as catalysts for change in the real world. Fans of imaginary worlds sometimes form groups to advocate for social change in the real world, and it is part of Leftist ideology to imagine radically different, possible futures aligned around shared moral values.
Using imaginary worlds for real social benefits
Authors: Gabriel Shira , Green Melanie C. , Naidu Esha , Paravati Elaine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We argue that imaginary worlds gain much of their appeal because they fulfill the fundamental need of human beings to feel connected to other humans. Immersion into story worlds provides a sense of social connection to the characters and groups represented in the world. By fulfilling the need to belong, imaginary worlds provide a buffer against rejection and loneliness.
Autism and the preference for imaginary worlds
Authors: Browning Heather , Veit Walter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dubourg and Baumard mention a potential role for the human drive to systemise as a factor motivating interest in imaginary worlds. Given that hyperexpression of this trait has been linked with autism (Baron-Cohen, 2002, 2006), we think this raises interesting implications for how those on the autism spectrum may differ from the neurotypical population in their engagement with imaginary worlds.
Incidental Findings from Deep Phenotyping Research in Psychiatry: Legal and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Kim Amanda , Hsu Michael , Koire Amanda , Baum Matthew L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSubstantial advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders may come from assembling diverse data streams from clinical notes, neuroimaging, genetics, and real-time digital footprints from smartphones and wearable devices. This is called “deep phenotyping” and often involves machine learning. We argue that incidental findings arising in deep phenotyping research have certain special, morally and legally salient features: They are specific, actionable, numerous, and probabilistic. We consider ethical and legal implications of these features and propose a practical ethics strategy for managing them.
Subject and Family Perspectives from the Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Traumatic Brain Injury Study: Part I
Authors: Fins Joseph J. , Wright Megan S. , Henderson Jaimie M. , Schiff Nicholas D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis is the first article in a two-part series describing subject and family perspectives from the central thalamic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of traumatic brain injury using the Medtronic PC + S first-in-human invasive neurological device trial to achieve cognitive restoration in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, with subjects who were deemed capable of providing voluntary informed consent. In this article, we report on interviews conducted prior to surgery wherein we asked participants about their experiences recovering from brain injury and their perspectives on study enrollment and participation. We asked how risks and benefits were weighed, what their expectations and fears were, and how decisions were reached about trial participation. We found that informed consent and enrollment decisions are fraught. Subjects and families were often split, with subjects more focused on putative benefits and families concerned about incremental risk. Both subjects and families viewed brain injury as disruptive to personal identity and relationships. As decisions were made about study enrollment, families struggled with recognizing the re-emergent agency of subjects and ceding decision-making authority to subjects who had previously been dependent upon them for protection and guidance. Subjects and family members reported a hope for the relief of cognitive disabilities, improved quality of life, normalization of interpersonal interactions, and a return to work or school as reasons for study participation, along with altruism and a desire to advance science. Despite these aspirations, both subjects and families appreciated the risks of the intervention and did not suffer from a therapeutic misconception. A second essay to be published in the next issue of Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics—Clinical Neuroethics will describe interviews conducted after surgery, the effects of cognitive restoration for subjects, families, and challenges presented to the social structures they will call upon to support them through recovery. This subsequent article will be available online prior to its formal publication in October 2023.
Using Antipsychotics for Self-Defense Purposes by Care Staff in Residential Aged Care Facilities: An Ethical Analysis
Authors: Soofi Hojjat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPeople with dementia at times exhibit threatening and physically aggressive behavior toward care staff in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Current clinical guidelines recommend judicious use of antipsychotic (AP) medications when there is an immediate risk of harm to care staff in RACFs and non-pharmacological interventions have failed to avert the threats. This article examines an account of how this recommendation can be ethically defensible: caregivers in RACFs may have a prima facie ethical justification, in certain cases, to use APs as an act of self-defense. The author examines whether such uses of APs meet the three commonly invoked conditions of ethically permissible acts of self-defense—namely, the conditions of liability, proportionality, and necessity—and argues that such conditions obtain only in a restricted range of cases. The liability constraint can be satisfied if residents are the only ones who are causally responsible for the threats they pose. Further, the condition of proportionality obtains if there is sufficient objective ground to demonstrate that the harm of using the medications does not outweigh the good to be secured. Lastly, the necessity condition obtains when the medications are used at their lowest effective dosage and caregivers in RACFs can reasonably assume that, for the purpose of averting threats posed by residents, the use of APs is the only available course of action. Not meeting any of these fairly stringent conditions renders uses of APs as acts of self-defense in RACFs morally impermissible actions.
Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the unroofed coronary sinus in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot and coronary sinus orifice atresia
Authors: Selcuk Arif , Korun Oktay , Sasmazel Ahmet 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction:In this study, we present a case of directing persistent left superior vena cava drainage into the unroofed coronary sinus to the right atrium in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot and coronary sinus orifice atresia without innominate vein.Case report:A 16-month-old boy diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot was admitted. Following intracardiac repair, the left superior vena cava was divided from the left atrial junction, passed through under the ascending aorta and anastomosed to the right superior vena cava.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first patient reported with persistent left superior vena cava, unroofed coronary sinus, coronary sinus orifice atresia, and tetralogy of Fallot. The extracardiac direct anastomosis technique was used successfully to direct persistent left superior vena cava to the right atrium without any post-procedure complications
Heart failure in a newborn with tetralogy of Fallot: uncommon association of a common anomaly
Authors: Kakarla Saikiran , Sasikumar Deepa , Dharan Baiju S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHeart failure in tetralogy of Fallot in the newborn period is rare and is usually due to either large aortopulmonary collaterals or absent pulmonary valve syndrome with severe pulmonary regurgitation. Pink tetralogy of Fallot and tetralogy of Fallot with disconnected pulmonary arteries from the aorta may present beyond the newborn period with heart failure when Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) falls. We describe the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway in a rare case of heart failure in newborn with tetralogy of Fallot.
Reward functioning from an attentional perspective and obsessive-compulsive symptoms—an eye-tracking study
Authors: Basel Dana , Lazarov Amit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a novel approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder has emerged, implicating altered reward functioning in the disorder. Yet, no study to date has directly examined the attentional aspect of reward functioning in participants with obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, with past research mostly relying on reaction-time-based tasks.MethodsA reward-based value-modulated attentional capture task was completed by a sample of nonclinical student participants—44 with high (HOC) and 48 with low (LOC) levels of OC symptoms. We measured the extent to which high and low reward-signaling distractors captured attention and impaired performance on the task, resulting in a lower possibility of obtaining a monetary reward. Attentional capture was indexed via fixation data, and further explored using saccade data.ResultsBoth groups performed more poorly when a high-reward signaling distractor was present, compared to when a low-reward signaling distractor was present. Importantly, this difference was significantly greater in the HOC group, and was found to be driven by the specific effects of reward-signaling distractors. Similar results emerged when exploring saccade data, and remained significant after controlling for both addiction-related compulsivity and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsCurrent findings suggest that attentional reward-related functioning may be associated with OC symptoms. Different aspects of reward functioning, including attention, should be further explored and incorporated into future research and clinical endeavors.
Comparison of inpatient and outpatient palliative sedation practice – A prospective observational study
Authors: Buchhold Britta , Jülich Andreas , Glöckner Franziska , Neumann Thomas , Schneidewind Laila , Schmidt Christian-Andreas , Heidel Florian H. , Krüger William H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPalliative sedation (PS) is an intrusive measure to relieve patients at the end of their life from otherwise untreatable symptoms. Intensive discussion of the advantages and limitations of palliative care with the patients and their relatives should precede the initiation of PS since PS is terminated by the patient’s death in most cases. Drugs for PS are usually administered intravenously. Midazolam is widely used, either alone or in combination with other substances. PS can be conducted in both inpatient and outpatient settings; however, a quality analysis comparing both modalities was missing so far.Patients and methodsThis prospective observational study collected data from patients undergoing PS inpatient at the palliative care unit (PCU, n = 26) or outpatient at a hospice (n = 2) or at home (specialized outpatient palliative care [SAPV], n = 31) between July 2017 and June 2018. Demographical data, indications for PS, and drug protocols were analyzed. The depth of sedation according to the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and the degree of satisfaction of staff members and patient’s relatives were included as parameters for quality assessment.ResultsPatients undergoing PS at the PCU were slightly younger compared to outpatients (hospice and SAPV combined). Most patients suffered from malignant diseases, and midazolam was the backbone of sedation for inpatients and outpatients. The median depth of sedation was between +1 and −3 according to the RASS with a trend to deeper sedation prior to death. The median degree of satisfaction was “good,” scored by staff members and by patient’s relatives. Significant differences between inpatients and outpatients were not seen in protocols, depth of sedation, and degree of satisfaction.ConclusionThe data support the thesis that PS is possible for inpatients and outpatients with comparable results. For choosing the best place for PS, other aspects such as patient’s and relative’s wishes, stress, and medical reasons should be considered.
Simulated Long‐Term Evolution of the Ionosphere During the Holocene
Authors: Yue Xinan , Cai Yihui , Ren Zhipeng , Zhou Xu , Wei Yong , Pan Yongxin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo date, no natural media is available to derive the “ancient” ionosphere, so the current understanding of ionospheric long‐term trends mainly comes from analyzing ∼70 yr modern measurements supplemented by theoretical simulations. In this study, for the first time, we expanded the ionosphere simulation to the whole Holocene (9455 BCE to 2015 CE) using the Global Coupled Ionosphere‐Thermosphere‐Electrodynamics Model developed at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, driven by a realistic geomagnetic field, CO2 level, and solar activity, all of which are a combination of ancient media derivations and modern observations. Through a series of control runs, we found that the ionospheric oscillation of the global mean profile is characterized by a nonlinear variation versus geomagnetic field effect, a decrease (increase) above (below) ∼200 km due to CO2 increase, and violent oscillations in phase with changes in solar activity, with corresponding contributions of approximately 20%, 20%, and 60%, respectively. The CO2 effect became nonnegligible and even more significant after ∼1800 CE. The solar activity effect is marked by a frequently occurring grand solar minimum. The ionospheric characteristics show linear variations versus the dipole moment of the geomagnetic field, the CO2 level, and the F10.7 index, with the growth rate having significant local time and latitude variations. Our prediction shows that a 400 ppm CO2 increase will cause a global mean decrease of 1.2 MHz in foF2, 34 km in hmF2, and 4 tecu in TEC, which will directly influence radio wave communication.
Deriving Three‐Dimensional Properties of Fracture Networks From Two‐Dimensional Observations in Rocks Approaching Failure Under Triaxial Compression: Implications for Fluid Flow
Authors: McBeck Jessica , Renard François 
Published: November 2022

AbstractApproximating the three‐dimensional structure of a fault network at depth in the subsurface is key for robust estimates of fluid flow. However, only observations of two‐dimensional outcrops are often available. To shed light on the relationship between two‐ and three‐dimensional measurements of fracture networks, we examine data from a unique set of 11 X‐ray synchrotron triaxial compression experiments that reveal the evolving three‐dimensional fracture network throughout loading. Using machine learning, we derive relationships between the two‐ and three‐dimensional measurements of three properties that control fluid flow: the porosity, and volume and tortuosity of the largest fracture at a particular differential stress step. The models predict the porosity and volume of the largest fracture with R2 scores of >0.99, but predict the tortuosity with maximum R2 scores of 0.68. To test the assumption that different rock types may require different equations between the two‐ and three‐dimensional properties, we develop models for both individual rock types (granite, monzonite, marble, sandstone) and all of the experiments. Models developed using all of the experiments perform better than models developed for individual rock types, suggesting fundamental similarities between fracture networks in rocks often analyzed separately. Models developed with several parallel two‐dimensional observations perform similarly to models developed with several perpendicular two‐dimensional observations. When the models are developed with statistics of the two‐dimensional observations, the models primarily depend on the mean and median when they predict the porosity, and minimum when they predict the volume and tortuosity.
Identification of key biomarkers for STAD using filter feature selection approaches
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Wang Jihan , Hu Ya , Shangguan Jingbo , Song Qiying , Xu Jing , Wang Hanping , Xue Mengju , Wang Liping , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Discovery of diagnostic biomarkers prompts the early detection of GC. In this study, we used limma method combined with joint mutual information (JMI), a machine learning algorithm, to identify a signature of 11 genes that performed well in distinguishing tumor and normal samples in a stomach adenocarcinoma cohort. Other two GC datasets were used to validate the classifying performances. Several of the candidate genes were correlated with GC tumor progression and survival. Overall, we highlight the application of feature selection approaches in the analysis of high-dimensional biological data, which will improve study accuracies and reduce workloads for the researchers when identifying potential tumor biomarkers.