bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidate Aerosol and Dust Formulations for Disinfesting Transport Yehicles, 1982
Authors: Kirkpatrick Robert L. , Witherell Peter C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laboratory-reared stored-product insects were exposed to insecticidal formulations in transport trailers (ca 32m or 71m) in Baltimore, MD and Miami, FL. For each test, 40 insects of each species were held in 10-cm diameter open petri dishes placed on the floor at the midsection of each trailer ca 30 cm from a side wall. The aerosols were propelled by freon 11/12 and released within closed trailers by an individual walking the length of the trailer and releasing the aerosol from the pressurized can for the required amount of time. Dusts were formulated with HiSil 233 as a carrier and introduced into the trailer by C0? propellant through an open rear door. The exposure period was 5 h; 10 min in the closed trailer after each aerosol or dust appnication, 20 min with one door of the trailer opened for aeration, and 4.5 h in the original containers after their removal from the trailers and before the insects (treated and untreated) were transferred to clean petri dishes. Insects were observed after 24 h for knockdown (KD) (those that could not walk or remain in an upright position) and at 14 days post-exposure for mortality, expressed as dead plus moribund (D+M) insects (those that showed little or no movement when lightly stimulated with a small camel-hair brush). Each test was replicated 3 times. The average air temperature inside the trailer at treatment was 25 ± 5 C.
Application Timing and Efficacy of Oftanol for Control of Masked Chafer Grubs in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1982
Authors: Potter D. A. , Hyatt J. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted in a heavily infested (ca 10-20 grubs/0.1m2) golf course rough in Lexington, Kentucky. Thatch accumulation was &lt; 0.5 cm. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications, with individual plots measuring 3 × 3 m. The granular insecticides were mixed with sand and hand-shaken over the plots. The August applications of Oftanol and Diazinon (as a standard) were immediately irrigated with 1.5 - 2.0 cm of water. Earlier Oftanol treatments (Apr 29, Jun 7, Jul 10) were not watered.in. Surviving grubs were sampled on Sep 2, 1 mo after the last applications, by cutting a 2.4 m × 30 cm × 4 cm deep strip (0.74 m2) with a mechanical sod cutter, and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs.
Japanese Beetle Grub Control on Golf Course Turf, 1979
Authors: Swier Stanley R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated on Kentucky Bluegrass for the control of grubs on golf course turf in Keene, New Hampshire. Chemicals were applied Aug 28, and plots were rated Oct 9. Foliar sprays were applied at 30 psi at a rate of 1 gal/100 sq ft with a 1 gal B & G sprayer. Granules were applied with a homemade salt shaker with the exception of Ethoprop and Diazinon. These were applied with Scotts drop type spreader. Aqua-gro was applied with chemicals at the rate of 8 oz/1000 sq. ft. All insecticides were watered in with 0.5 in of water following treatment. Four 0.28 ft samples were taken per 10 × 10 ft plot. Tests were replicated 4 times. Thatch was 0.5 in thick.
Phytotoxicity Tests on Greenhouse Ornamental Peppers, Massachusetts, 1982:
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Christmas Candle' ornamental peppers were treated on Jun 7 and again on Jun 30 with 10 different insecticides, with 3 plants treated for each material tested. Plants were sprayed to run-off with a 2-liter capacity hand pump sprayer. Plants were in 10-cm pots and fruiting when treated. Plants were rated for visible pesticide residue and foliar damage 2, 4, 9, 15, 22, and 29 days after first treatment. All insecticides tested reduced an indigenous greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporiorum) population 50 to 100% relative to untreated plants.
Control of Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper on Cabbage by Pydrin and Dipel, 1982:
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted Jul 2 at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows, each with 36-inch centers and 16-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi and delivering 31 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row was used to apply a single application to each trial. Agway sticker-spreader (2.5 ml/gal) was added to all treatments. Treatments were applied Sep 9. Evaluations were made on Sep 14 by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting the above mentioned species. Infestations were considered moderate.
Combined surgical correction of pectus carinatum and juvenile kyphosis
Authors: Iwaiwi Bashaer , Hamdi Shaqqura Bisanne , Sabbah Alaeddin , Abu Akar Firas Emad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pectus carinatum may rarely be associated with kyphosis. However, the correlation between both conditions is not well reported. Therefore, there are no reports for combined correction of both deformities in the same patient. Moreover, studies estimating the kyphosis prevalence in patients with pectus carinatum are lacking. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to present such a case. We report an 18-year-old boy with both pectus carinatum and kyphosis that were surgically corrected in a combined procedure. The indication of surgery is cosmetic, and the postoperative recovery included pneumothorax but was otherwise uneventful and satisfactory.
Clinical Pharmacology of Entacapone (Comtan) From the FDA Reviewer
Authors: Habet Sam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This new drug application was first submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by the Orion Corporation from Finland on January 2, 1998. The final clinical pharmacology review was completed on September 3, 1999. Entacapone is a potent and specific peripheral catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor. It has been shown to improve the clinical benefits of levodopa plus an aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor when given to patients with Parkinson’s disease and end-of-dose deterioration in the response to levodopa (the “wearing-off” phenomenon). The drug indication is for Parkinson’s disease as an adjunct therapy to levodopa/carbidopa. This is a combination drug with carbidopa (aromatic amino acid decarboxylation inhibitor) and entacapone. It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration of a single dose, with peak time generally reached within 1 hour. It is noted that no accumulation of plasma entacapone was detected after 8 daily doses. The maximum daily dose is 2000 mg. In this paper, the clinical pharmacology review of the drug is presented from the perspective of a clinical pharmacologist who reviewed this new drug application at the FDA. It should be noted that all the information in this paper is publicly available on the FDA website and in its literature.
Using mobile health applications to enhance physical activity in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study on users’ perceptions
Authors: Al Ansari Fatimah Salah , Alfayez Asma , Alsalman Demah , Alanezi Fahad , Alhodaib Hala , Al-Rayes Saja , Aljabri Duaa , Alrawiai Sumaiah , Alakrawi Zahraa , Saadah Amjad , Al-Juwair Mona M , Aljaffary Afnan , AlThani Bashair , Mushcab Hayat , Alanzi Turki M , AlNujaidi Heba , Al-Saif Atheer K , Attar Razaz , Alumran Arwa , Al-Mubarak Sama'a , Alyousef Seham 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
This research aims to assess the users’ perceptions of usability and quality of mobile health applications used for promoting physical activity in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
This was a quantitative cross-sectional study. A survey was developed based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and distributed among the Saudi population through social media to assess the users’ perceptions of using mobile applications to enhance physical activity. The survey questionnaire consisted of 27 questions in six sections, including demographics (nine items), perceived usefulness (three items), perceived ease of use (three items), attitudes (three items), user experience (six items) and subjective quality (three items). All the participants were in Saudi Arabia and &gt;15 y of age.

Results
A total of 195 m-Health users participated in the survey. Of the total participants, 25.1% were overweight and 21.0% were obese. The workout frequency of most users was rarely (32.3%) and three to four times a week (29.2%). In addition, 55.9% of the users agreed that the application they use served all fitness levels and &gt;80% either agreed or strongly agreed that it was easy for them to learn how to use the application. More than 70% of users agreed or strongly agreed that the application enhanced their knowledge of workouts and physical activity and &gt;90% would recommend the application to others. There were no differences identified between the male and female participants and younger (&lt;40 y) and older (&gt;40 y) participants with respect to perceived usefulness and ease of use, attitudes, experiences and subjective quality. However, significant differences were observed between participants &lt;40 y and &gt;40 y of age in terms of perceived ease of use of mHealth applications.

Conclusion
mHealth users across Saudi Arabia believe that the mHealth applications have good usability and quality factors. As a result, they can motivate people and help them achieve their goals in relation to physical activities.
Pyruvate enhances oral tolerance via GPR31
Authors: Liu Qizhi , Umemoto Eiji , Morita Naoki , Kayama Hisako , Baba Yoshihiro , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Okumura Ryu , Takeda Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCX3CR1high myeloid cells in the small intestine mediate the induction of oral tolerance by driving regulatory T (Treg) cells. Bacterial metabolites, e.g. pyruvate and lactate, induce a dendrite extension of CX3CR1high myeloid cells into the intestinal lumen via GPR31. However, it remains unclear whether the pyruvate–GPR31 axis is involved in the induction of oral tolerance. Here, we show that pyruvate enhances oral tolerance in a GPR31-dependent manner. In ovalbumin (OVA)-fed Gpr31-deficient mice, an OVA-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity response was substantially induced, demonstrating the defective induction of oral tolerance in Gpr31-deficient mice. The percentage of RORγt+ Treg cells in the small intestine was reduced in Gpr31-deficient mice. In pyruvate-treated wild-type mice, a low dose of OVA efficiently induced oral tolerance. IL-10 production from intestinal CX3CR1high myeloid cells was increased by OVA ingestion in wild-type mice, but not in Gpr31-deficient mice. CX3CR1high myeloid cell-specific IL-10-deficient mice showed a defective induction of oral tolerance to OVA and a decreased accumulation of OVA-specific Treg cells in the small intestine. These findings demonstrate that pyruvate enhances oral tolerance through a GPR31-dependent effect on intestinal CX3CR1high myeloid cells.
Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a New Melitaea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Species Widely Distributed in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Hinojosa Joan C , Tóth János P , Monasterio Yeray , Sánchez Mesa Luis , Muñoz Sariot Miguel G , Escobés Ruth , Vila Roger 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Melitaea phoebe group is constituted by six species distributed throughout the Palearctic. One of the most widespread species is Melitaea ornata Christoph, 1893, present from France (Provence) to Central Asia. Recently, populations of M. ornata were discovered in a mountainous region of south-eastern Iberia, although doubts about their taxonomy existed. To clarify the taxonomic status of these populations and to revise the distribution of this taxon in Iberia, we have sequenced mitochondrial (COI barcode region) and nuclear (wg, RPS5, MDH, and EF-1α) markers, and analyzed the male genitalia for 72 Iberian individuals and for all the species of the M. phoebe group. This information was complemented with phenological and ecological data. Our results unveiled that the Iberian M. ornata-like taxon is in fact distributed through most of the Iberian Peninsula, except for the south-west and north-east. In contrast to the univoltine M. ornata, the Iberian taxon can be bivoltine in the wild. The Iberian taxon was retrieved to be related to M. ornata, but the differences in the genetic markers and genitalia were comparable to those found between species in the group. Based on the evidence here presented and according to species delimitation results, we propose to consider the Iberian taxon as a novel species, tentatively named Melitaea pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov.
Antimicrobial stewardship capacity and infection prevention and control assessment of three health facilities in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Amponsah Obed Kwabena Offe , Owusu-Ofori Alex , Ayisi-Boateng Nana Kwame , Attakorah Joseph , Opare-Addo Mercy Naa Aduele , Buabeng Kwame Ohene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires the rational use and optimization of available resources for prevention and management of infections. Structures in health facilities to support optimal antimicrobial therapy and AMR containment therefore need assessment and strengthening.

Objectives
To assess antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) capacity and conformance to National and WHO Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) guidelines in three hospitals in Ashanti region of Ghana.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using WHO’s hospital questionnaire for AMS capacity assessment, and Infection Prevention and Control Framework (IPCAF) to assess IPC practices in the three hospitals.

Results
All the facilities had Drug and Therapeutics and IPC Committees with microbiology laboratory services. H3 and H1 did not have a formal AMS programme or an organizational structure for AMS. However, both institutions had a formal procedure to review antibiotics on prescriptions for quality assessment and relevance. H2 and H1 did not participate in any surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns or consumption. H1 had basic, while H2 and H3 had intermediate-level IPC systems scoring 385, 487.5 and 435.8 out of 800 respectively.

Conclusions
All the facilities assessed had AMS capacity and IPC conformity gaps that require strengthening to optimize antimicrobial use (AMU) and successful implementation of IPC protocols. Regular surveillance of antimicrobial consumption and microbial resistance patterns should be an integral part of activities in health institutions to generate evidence for impactful actions to contain AMR and improve AMU.
Reference Intervals for Clinical Chemistry Analytes for Transgender Men and Women on Stable Hormone Therapy
Authors: Humble Robert M , Greene Dina N , Schmidt Robert L , Winston McPherson Gabrielle , Rongitsch Jessica , Imborek Katherine L , Nisly Nicole , Dole Nancy J , Dane Susan K , Frerichs Janice , Krasowski Matthew D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Gender-affirming hormone therapy with either estradiol or testosterone is commonly prescribed for transgender individuals. Masculinizing or feminizing hormone therapy may impact clinical chemistry analytes, but there is currently a lack of published reference intervals for the transgender population.

Methods
Healthy transgender and nonbinary individuals who had been prescribed either estradiol (n = 93) or testosterone (n = 82) for at least 12 months were recruited from primary care and internal medicine clinics specializing in transgender medical care. Electrolytes, creatinine, urea nitrogen, enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, ALK; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; gamma-glutamyltransferase, GGT), hemoglobin A1c, lipids [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides], and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured on 2 clinical chemistry platforms. Reference intervals (central 95%) were calculated according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

Results
There was minimal impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on electrolytes, urea nitrogen, hemoglobin A1c, and hsCRP. In general, the enzymes studied shifted toward affirmed gender. Creatinine values for both transgender cohorts overlaid the reference interval for cisgender men, with no shift toward affirmed gender for the estradiol cohort. The effects on lipids were complex, but with a clear shift to lower HDL values in the testosterone cohort relative to cisgender women.

Conclusions
Transgender individuals receiving either masculinizing or feminizing hormone therapy showed significant changes in some analytes that have sex-specific variation in the cisgender population. The clearest shifts toward affirmed gender were seen with enzymes for the estradiol and testosterone cohorts and with creatinine and HDL in the testosterone cohort.
HPLC/Fluorescence-Diode Array Detection for Rapid and Reliable Determination of Illegal Synthetic Drugs in Male Sexual Herbal and Honey Remedies: Comparative Study with UFLC–MS
Authors: Aboras Sara I , Korany Mohamed A , Abdine Heba H , Ragab Marwa A A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Nutraceuticals (NTCs), as honey and tablets with herbal extract are subjected to adulteration.

Objective
For NTCs claimed to enhance sexual performance, synthetic drugs (sildenafil, tadalafil, avanafil, vardenafil, and dapoxetine) are common adulterants, so they were selected to be simultaneously analyzed in the current study. Natural aphrodisiacs (icariin and yohimbine) are claimed to be present in many fake NTCs, so they were also included in the study.

Methods
In order to achieve the target of the current study, three liquid chromatographic methods with different unique detectors were developed and validated.

Results
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection enables rapid and reliable determination of natively fluorescent yohimbine, tadalafil vardenafil, and dapoxetine and it is the first report to analyze these compounds as adulterants in counterfeit NTC. Although the diode-array detector (DAD) enables the analysis of the seven adulterants, the fluorescence detector (FLD) shows better sensitivity and selectivity with lower LOQs and LODs. On the other hand, ultra-fast liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UFLC–MS) offers the advantages of peak identity confirmation, and it is of comparable sensitivity and selectivity to HPLC–FLD.

Conclusion
One or more of these synthetic drugs were found in the analyzed NTCs while natural aphrodisiacs were absent.

Highlights
Aphrodisiac nutraceuticals, NTCs, were analyzed for adulterants: five aphrodisiac synthetic drugs (adulterants) and two natural claimed aphrodisiacs. UFLC–MS and HPLC–DAD/FLD were compared for illicit NTCs analysis; all NTCs show the presence of synthetic aphrodisiacs and the absence of natural ones.
The protection of Harmont & Blaine’s dachshund in a recent decision of the Milan Court of First Instance
Authors: Grippiotti Luca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Milan Court of First Instance ruled in favour of Harmont & Blaine (H&B) and its stylized logo trade marks of a dachshund depicted in profile, in the context of non-infringement proceedings brought by Thom Browne Inc and Thom Browne Retail Italy Srl (also TB and TBRI) against H&B. TB and TBRI were using several stylized dachshunds in profile as distinctive sign arguing that they were different from H&B’s dachshund and also stating that the image of such a dachshund could not be, in any case, monopolized. The court recognized the similarity between H&B’s trade marks and TB and TBRI’s logos since they were reproducing the H&B trade mark’s core, ie the stylized logo of a dachshund.
Overview of clinical management for older patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Numakura Kazuyuki , Nakai Yasutomo , Kojima Takahiro , Osawa Takahiro , Narita Shintaro , Nakayama Masashi , Kitamura Hiroshi , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rapidly increasing pool of older patients being diagnosed with and surviving their cancer is creating many challenges. Regarding localized renal cell carcinoma, surgery is considered as gold standard treatment options even in older men, whereas active surveillance and ablation therapy are alternative options for a proportion of these patients. With regard to advanced disease, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKI) and immune check point inhibitor are standard treatment modalities, although treatment choice from multiple regimens and prevention of adverse events need to be considered. Better assessment techniques, such as comprehensive geriatric assessment to meet the unique needs of older patients, are a central focus in the delivery of high-quality geriatric oncology care. Through this process, shared decision-making should be adopted in clinical care to achieve optimal goals of care that reflect patient and caregiver hopes, needs and preferences. It is necessary to continue investigating oncological outcomes and complications associated with treatment in this population to ensure appropriate cancer care. In this narrative review, we completed a literature review of the various treatments for renal cell carcinoma in older patients that aimed to identify the current evidence related to the full range of the treatments including active surveillance, surgery, ablation therapy and systemic therapy. Prospectively designed studies and studies regarding geriatric assessment were preferentially added as references. Our goals were to summarize the real-world evidence and provide a decision framework that guides better cancer practices for older patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Accumulation of Nonfibrillar TDP-43 in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Is the Early-Stage Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Kon Tomoya , Mori Fumiaki , Tanji Kunikazu , Miki Yasuo , Nishijima Haruo , Nakamura Takashi , Kinoshita Iku , Suzuki Chieko , Kurotaki Hidekachi , Tomiyama Masahiko , Wakabayashi Koichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-immunoreactive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) are the histopathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They are classified as skein-like inclusions, round inclusions, dot-like inclusions, linear wisps, and diffuse punctate cytoplasmic staining (DPCS). We hypothesized that TDP-43-immunoreactive DPCS may form the early-stage pathology of ALS. Hence, we investigated phosphorylated TDP-43 pathology in the upper and lower motor neurons of patients with ALS and control participants. We designated patients whose disease duration was ≤1 year as short-duration ALS (n = 7) and those whose duration equaled 3–5 years as standard-duration ALS (n = 6). DPCS and skein-like inclusions were the most common NCIs in short-duration and standard-duration ALS, respectively. The density of DPCS was significantly higher in short-duration ALS than that in standard-duration ALS and was inversely correlated with disease duration. DPCS was not ubiquitinated and disappeared after proteinase K treatment, suggesting that it was not aggregated. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that DPCS corresponded to nonfibrillar TDP-43 localized to the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These findings suggest that nonfibrillar TDP-43 accumulation in the rough ER is the earliest TDP-43 pathology in ALS, which may be helpful in developing future TDP-43 breakdown strategies for ALS.