bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparability of childhood blood pressure measurements with two different devices
Authors: Streese Lukas , Hauser Christoph , Hanssen Henner 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionHigher blood pressure levels are associated with vascular dysfunction as early as childhood. Here, we aim to compare two blood pressure devices for use in childhood populations within a school setting to screen for elevated blood pressure in children.MethodsSystolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arteriolar pressure (MAP) as well as heart rate (HR) were measured with the validated Oscillomate 9002 and Mindray VS‐900 in 82 randomly selected children between 10 and 12 years taking part in the EXAMIN YOUTH study in 2020. Measurements were performed after 5 min at rest in a sitting position in the school environment.ResultsBoth devices showed strong correlations for systolic (r = 0.62, t[80] = 7, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.73, t[80] = 9.52, p < 0.001), MAP (r = 0.75, t[80] = 10.22, p < 0.001) and HR (r = 0.89, t[79] = 17.77, p < 0.001). There was no evidence for a statistically significant difference of both devices for systolic (110 ± 9 mmHg vs. 111 ± 9 mmHg, p = 0.574), diastolic blood pressure (67 ± 9 mmHg vs. 66 ± 9 mmHg, p = 0.301) as well as MAP (81 ± 8 mmHg vs. 80 ± 8 mmHg, p = 0.400) and HR (83 ± 12 BPM vs. 83 ± 11 BPM, p = 0.994).DiscussionBoth devices, the older Oscillomate 9002 and the current Mindray VS‐900 showed good agreement for the measurement of blood pressure in school children. It therefore appears to be feasible to measure childhood blood pressure with either device or replace one device with another in prospective long‐term studies or screening programmes as long as both are validated for use in children.
Repeated sevoflurane exposures inhibit neurogenesis by inducing the upregulation of glutamate transporter 1 in astrocytes
Authors: Kong Fanli , Zhang Yao , Wang Tingting , Zhong Liang , Feng Chun , Wu Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSevoflurane is a widely used general anaesthetic in paediatric patients. Although repeated sevoflurane exposure is known to cause neurodevelopmental disorders in children, the mechanism of this neurotoxicity remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) in sevoflurane‐induced decreased neurogenesis. Neonatal rat pups (postnatal Day 7, PN7) were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 2 h for three consecutive days. Neuron loss and decreased neurogenesis have been observed in the neonatal rat brain, along with decreased number of astrocytes. Apoptotic astrocytes were observed after repeated sevoflurane exposure in vitro, resulting in decreased levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Calcium overload was observed in astrocytes after repeated sevoflurane exposure, in addition to upregulation of GLT1. Inhibition of GLT1 activity ameliorates repeated sevoflurane exposure‐induced cognitive deficits in adult rats. Mechanically, the upregulation of GLT1 was caused by the activation of mRNA translation. RNA‐sequencing analysis further confirmed that translation‐related genes were activated by repeated sevoflurane exposure. These results indicate that cognitive deficits caused by repeated sevoflurane exposure during PN7–9 are triggered decreased neurogenesis. The proposed underlying mechanism involves upregulation of apoptosis in astrocytes induced by GLT1; therefore, we propose GLT1 as a potential pharmacological target for brain injury in paediatric practice.
Origin and characteristics of ancient organic matter from a high‐elevation Lateglacial Alpine Nunatak (NW Italy)
Authors: Pintaldi Emanuele , Santoro Veronica , D'Amico Michele E. , Colombo Nicola , Celi Luisella , Freppaz Michele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn high‐mountain areas, Pleistocene glaciations and erosion‐related processes erased most of the pre‐existing landforms and soils. However, on scattered stable surfaces, ancient soils can be locally preserved for long periods, retaining valuable palaeoenvironmental information. Such relict surfaces survived during glaciations either through coverage by non‐erosive, cold‐based, ice or as nunataks. Thus, soils preserved on such surfaces retain an excellent pedo‐signature of different specific past climatic/environmental conditions. In this study, we performed a detailed chemical characterisation of the organic material found in palaeosols, discovered inside periglacial features on a high‐elevation Lateglacial Alpine Nunatak (Stolenberg Plateau), above 3000 m a.s.l. (NW Italian Alps). The soil organic matter (OM) was separated into different pools by means of density fractionation, in order to separate the more fresh/unaltered free and occluded organic material (Light Fraction) from the stable fraction chemically bound to the mineral phase (Mineral Organic Matter—MOM). To better characterise the MOM fraction, this was further subjected to chemical fractionation, in order to separate the alkali‐extractable OM (ext‐MOM) from the fraction intimately bound to minerals. The obtained fractions were then characterised by chemical and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the largest part (>90%) of organic carbon was stored in the stable MOM pool, characterised by a high degree of decomposition and consisting mainly of paraffinic substances, such as lipids and waxes (37–50%), cellulose and hemicellulose (29–37%). The OM likely originated from autochthonous, well‐adapted, ancient alpine vegetation (alpine tundra) that grew on the Plateau during warm climatic phases since the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). These results further strengthen the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction at the Stolenberg Plateau, which represents a Lateglacial Alpine Nunatak, and has acted as biological refugia (at least) since the end of the LGM.Highlights
The origin and composition of ancient organic matter from a high‐elevation Alpine Nunatak were uncovered.
More than 90% of organic carbon was stored in the stable mineral organic matter (MOM) pool.
Based on NMR and FT‐IR spectra the MOM fraction consisted of paraffinic substances (37–50%), cellulose and hemicellulose (29–37%).
The organic matter originated from ancient alpine tundra that developed on the Nunatak since the end of the Last Glacial Maximum.
Importance of interindividual interactions in eco‐evolutionary population dynamics: The rise of demo‐genetic agent‐based models
Authors: Lamarins Amaïa , Fririon Victor , Folio Dorinda , Vernier Camille , Daupagne Léa , Labonne Jacques , Buoro Mathieu , Lefèvre François , Piou Cyril , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study of eco‐evolutionary dynamics, that is of the intertwinning between ecological and evolutionary processes when they occur at comparable time scales, is of growing interest in the current context of global change. However, many eco‐evolutionary studies overlook the role of interindividual interactions, which are hard to predict and yet central to selective values. Here, we aimed at putting forward models that simulate interindividual interactions in an eco‐evolutionary framework: the demo‐genetic agent‐based models (DG‐ABMs). Being demo‐genetic, DG‐ABMs consider the feedback loop between ecological and evolutionary processes. Being agent‐based, DG‐ABMs follow populations of interacting individuals with sets of traits that vary among the individuals. We argue that the ability of DG‐ABMs to take into account the genetic heterogeneity—that affects individual decisions/traits related to local and instantaneous conditions—differentiates them from analytical models, another type of model largely used by evolutionary biologists to investigate eco‐evolutionary feedback loops. Based on the review of studies employing DG‐ABMs and explicitly or implicitly accounting for competitive, cooperative or reproductive interactions, we illustrate that DG‐ABMs are particularly relevant for the exploration of fundamental, yet pressing, questions in evolutionary ecology across various levels of organization. By jointly modelling the effects of management practices and other eco‐evolutionary processes on interindividual interactions and population dynamics, DG‐ABMs are also effective prospective and decision support tools to evaluate the short‐ and long‐term evolutionary costs and benefits of management strategies and to assess potential trade‐offs. Finally, we provide a list of the recent practical advances of the ABM community that should facilitate the development of DG‐ABMs.
Size effects on spheroidal voids by Finite Fracture Mechanics and application to corrosion pits
Authors: Ferrian Francesco , Chao Correas Arturo , Cornetti Pietro , Sapora Alberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present work aims at investigating the failure size effect of a spheroidal void in an infinite linear elastic solid under remote tension by means of the coupled Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) approach. The opening stress field and the stress intensity factor (SIF) of an annular crack surrounding the cavity —necessary for the FFM implementation— are obtained numerically through parametric axisymmetric finite element analyses (FEAs): The spheroid aspect ratio is varied between 0.1 and 10 and Poisson's ratio between 0.1 and 0.5. Accordingly, semi‐analytical functions approximating the stress concentration factor and the SIF are put forward. Finally, the failure size effect on spheroidal voids is reported, and FFM predictions are compared with experimental results on the fatigue limit arising from corrosion pits, showing a fairly good agreement.
Is prednisone still a reasonable option in the treatment of withdrawal headache in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache in the age of CGRP antibodies? A narrative review
Authors: Kaltseis Katharina , Hamann Till , Gaul Charly , Broessner Gregor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlong with the development of novel migraine therapies as the monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor, the question arises if the treatment of chronic migraine (CM) and medication overuse headache (MOH) must be reconsidered. Have previous therapeutic approaches, including glucocorticoids, lost their role in the management of this debilitating disorder? In this narrative review, we present an overview of the available treatment options in CM and MOH in light of CGRP antibodies as well as an evaluation of the role of glucocorticoids in withdrawal therapy.BackgroundChronic migraine and medication overuse continues to be a difficult to treat condition. To date, potent treatment options are scarce and algorithms for advising patients with MOH are often still based on expert consensus rather than evidence‐based medicine. For years and probably due to lack of effective alternatives, glucocorticoids have been used in MOH, especially to alleviate withdrawal symptoms caused by detoxification. Small case series report positive effects of steroids in this respective patient group; however, randomized controlled trials did not show a consistent benefit, although this may be due to methodological limitations. Because of these discrepancies, their role in MOH has been under debate ever since.MethodsWe searched the electronic database PubMed for articles up to June 1, 2022 on the use of glucocorticoids in CM and MOH.ConclusionDespite popular use in clinical practice, there is currently still no scientific evidence for the efficacy of glucocorticoids in patients with CM and MOH. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies achieved high transition rates from medication overuse to non‐overuse. However, further research is needed to evaluate the additional benefit of these new agents.
Ethylated analogue of Zingerone: A new and eco‐respectful preservative in cosmetics
Authors: Guerreiro Patricio , Cupferman Sylive , Lharidon Jacques , Rozot Roger , Dalko‐Csiba Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes the eco‐design of a new preservative in cosmetics based on bio‐inspiration of natural extracts from traditional medicines. In order to reach the multiple specification targets, various structures have been synthesized and evaluated to select the one demonstrating broad antimicrobial spectrum with favorable environmental profile and application potential to a wide variety of formulas.MethodsIn order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized structures, the method of the challenge test consisting in an artificial contamination of the sample with collection microbial strains and evaluation of the number of revivable microorganisms was used to select the most promising candidate. Validation of its antimicrobial potential was later confirmed on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, yeast and mold with measurement of its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in comparison with known preservatives. Environmental impact assessment of the selected candidate was achieved with the help of ready biodegradability and aquatic ecotoxicity tests performed according to appropriate Organization tes a strfor Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) and European Union (EU) guidelinesy.ResultsBio‐inspired from turmeric and ginger extracts, an ethylated analog of Zingerone (EZ) with the chemical name 4‐(3‐ethoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)butan‐2‐one demonstrates the strongest activity on Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Moreover, EZ shows a solubility in water two times higher than that of Zingerone thus increasing its interest as a potential preservative. Finally, its assessment of ready biodegradability and aquatic ecotoxicity in OECD‐EU tests with a favorable environmental profile confirms its unique interest and fully justifies its use in cosmetic formulas as an eco‐respectful preservative.ConclusionBio‐inspiration based on technologies without noteworthy side effects but also on eco‐design, particularly through the use of measures of potential environmental impact very upstream of a development, are two fundamental elements for the launching of new eco‐friendly cosmetic ingredients. This approach has thus validated the strong potential of EZ as a preservative of eco‐respectful formulas. The selection of EZ is also a very good example of the achievement of two key objectives targeted by cosmetic companies for the development of a novel active ingredient: environmental performance and technical performance.
Poisoning prevention — results of a public media campaign
Authors: O'Connor Peter J. 
Published: November 2022

The impact of the South Australian Poisoning Prevention Week (1977) was evaluated by recording the total attendances for poisoning before and after the campaign, and by the administration of questionnaires and interviews to parents of children presented to the Adelaide Children's Hospital for poisoning.Results indicated that the campaign had no dramatic influence on the frequency or pattern of poisonings presented to the hospital. Information received by parents was variable and their knowledge of the use of syrup of Ipecac was a cause for concern. Few parents were motivated by the campaign to take any precautionary measures. Even after the occurrence of poisoning most parents did not make any effort to improve the level of safety in the home.In the light of these results it is suggested that the allocation of resources to the evaluation and development of education programmes for school children may have a greater long term impact on poisoning than continuing with media campaigns like the Poisoning Prevention Week.
Children's reading disorders: problems of definition and a two‐year follow‐up
Authors: Aman Michael G. , Werry John S. 
Published: November 2022

The advantages of various definitions of reading probiems are discussed. Specific reading disorders are often diagnosed as either developmental dyslexia or reading retardation. This paper endorses the iatter term as more useful because it a) is more objective, b) conforms to a disorder for which there is statisticai validation, and c) is reiativeiy free of prognostic connotations.A two‐year foiiow‐up of children initially identified with severe reading retardation is reported. At initial testing, a broad range of family, cognitive, motor performance, activity level, behavioural and reading measures was collected. Style of remedial teaching was also examined in relation to reading gains. Gains in reading were highly variable, although the group as a whole lost ground over the two years. Of the predictor variables, only family size and reading style tended to forecast extent of reading gains whereas other measures were essentially non‐contributory. The results were discussed with respect to their implications for the management of such children.
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry: use in Australia
Authors: Palmer D. C. , Zenner E. M. , Drew J. H. 
Published: November 2022

A new transcutaneous bilirubinometer was assessed under Australian conditions. To determine reproducibility Ihe bilirubinometer was used 126 times on a bilirubin standard. The coefficient of variation (CV) was 4.1% with a 70.6% chance of the machine giving the exact value; proving that the machine produced results that were reproducible. To determine precision tour infants were selected with total serum bilirubin concentrations ranging from 24 to 285 μmol/l. Repeated measurements with the transcutaneous bilirubinometer revealed CV's between 7.9% and 1.5%, indicating the eguipment is sufficiently precise over a wide range of total serum bilirubin concentrations. One hundred jaundiced newborn ihfants had serum and transcutaneous bilirubin measured simultaneously. Fifty‐five infants were < 37 weeks’ gestation, 26 Were from parents with varying degrees of skin pigmentation and 29 were receive phototherapy.Transcutaneous bilirubin was determined at standardized sites by both medical and nursing staffs, and good results Were obtained by both groups. Good correlation was observed in both premature and term infants. No major differences were observed between results obtained in fair skinned Australian infants and in those from parents with varying degrees cl skin pigmentation. There was a poor correlation between transcutaneous and serum bilirubin in infants undergoing phototherapy. The transcutaneous bilirubinometer was therefore found to be accurate, capabie of reproducing results and capable of being used by non‐medicai personnei. It was usable in both term and preterm infants, and in both fair skinned ihfants and those from parents with varying degrees of skin pigmentation. The transcutaneous bilirubinometer shouid not, however, be reiied upon in infants receiving phototherapy.
Urinary calculi in children of the Kimberley region of Western Australia
Authors: Adsett Donald B. 
Published: November 2022

“Endemic” idiopathic urinary calcuii in children have been reported from various developing countries, e.g. Indonesia and Thailand. A survey was conducted In the Kimberley region of Western Australia to assess the incidence, distribution and clinical features of this condition. Hospital records and Community Health Service files for the last five years were reviewed. Sixteen cases, all Australian aboriginal children were found and are reported.The annual regional incidence was 7.6 per 10,000 aboriginal children, with a frequency of one in 234 paediatric hospital Admissions. For children of the desert area, the incidence was 24.3 per 10,000.There was a significantly greater proportion of boys, 12/16 (p<.05) and children from the desert area, 12/16 (p<.001). The major aetiological factors were thought to be the low phosphate acidogenic cereal diet, the arid environment, Gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections. The clinical features, calculi characteristics and aetiological factors in relation fo this population are discussed.
Reliability of a standardized tool for evaluating severity of cellulite in the female posterior thigh
Authors: Ponto Thellie , Benson Heather A. E. , Wright Anthony 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerous products and minimally‐invasive procedures are available to reduce cellulite. However, there are a limited number of tools to evaluate the effects of these interventions and some are relatively complex to implement.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the reliability of a standardized grading system for scoring the overall severity of cellulite on the posterior thigh. The study evaluated inter‐rater and intra‐rater (test/re‐test) reliability of the method and engaged in an iterative process to develop a reliable method to evaluate changes in the appearance of cellulite.MethodsThere were two stages in the validation process. The first stage was an open process without evaluator training. The second stage was a more controlled process with training given and moderator involvement to review grade selections. In the first stage, inter‐rater reliability was examined across five evaluators who were asked to evaluate 24 photographs (right thighs) based on a cellulite graded severity chart. During the second stage, the same photographs were examined by paired evaluators who had received additional training. Scores were independently moderated by a third person. The inter‐rater reliability and intra‐rater reliability over a 4‐week interval were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsTwenty‐four female participants (18–51 years, mean 31.68 ± 9.03 years) with a mean BMI of 29.04 ± 6.52 participated in the trial. Five female evaluators completed the initial evaluations. In stage 1, the inter‐rater reliability (ICC2,5) was 0.838 (95%CI:0.700–0.922) and test/retest ICC3,1 values ranged from 0.360–0.990. In stage 2, the inter‐rater reliability for 2 evaluators improved to 0.978 (95%CI:0.948–0.991), and the test/retest reliability of the moderated scoring method improved to 0.993 (95%CI:0.983–0.997).ConclusionThe iterative process developed a simple and reliable method of rating cellulite severity, with excellent inter‐and intra‐rater reliability, based on evaluating images of cellulite against a standard set of graded severity images. A reliable method of assessing cellulite severity is essential for undertaking future clinical trials to evaluate cellulite treatments.