bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicants in Water: Hydrochemical Appraisal of Toxic Metals Concentration and Seasonal Variation in Drinking Water Quality in Oil and Gas Field Area of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Olalekan Raimi Morufu , Olawale Sawyerr Henry , Clinton Ezekwe Ifeanyichukwu , Gabriel Salako 
Published: February 2022

Groundwater pollution is a major issue in many tropical countries. Governments at all levels are doing little or nothing to supply inhabitants with clean and accessible water, particularly in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. This study compares differences in water quality parameters in the study area (determine the level of pollutions in the different sites). The investigation made use of standard analytical methodologies. All sampling, conservation, transportation as well as analysis followed the usual APHA procedures (2012). To prevent degradation of the organic substances, all obtained samples were transferred to the laboratory, while keeping in an icebox. Result shows that during wet season, the mean values obtained for water quality parameters were significantly lower in site 9 compared with that obtained in other sites (p < 0.05) with the exemptions of temperature, DO, BOD, COD, acidity, TH, TDS, K, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, NH3, NO2, NO3, Ni though slightly lower in most cases in site 9 were not significantly different (p > 0.05) and both alkalinity and SO4 which were significantly higher in site 9 than site 1 (p < 0.05). Result obtained during dry season reveals that there is no remarkable difference in pH, acidity, Pb and Ni between the nine sites (p > 0.05) while other water quality parameters were significantly lower in site 9 than other sites excluding Cl and Mg which were both significantly higher in site 9 than site 8 (p < 0.05). Extra efforts must be made to completely understand the hydrogeochemical properties and appropriateness of groundwater in Nigeria’s core Niger Delta region in order to ensure quality groundwater supply for varied applications. As a result, this research will contribute to the establishment of a quantitative understanding of the effects of many causes on groundwater level changes in every aquifer worldwide. This analysis also reinforces a useful resource for scholars, activists, and public officials looking to improve community awareness, planning, and performance. The verdicts will serve as a valuable guideline for policymakers, the Ministry of Water Resources, and development practitioners, as they highlight the need for appropriate approaches to mitigating toxic elements of water resource contamination in the core Niger Delta in order to protect public health from carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.
Catatan Managing Editor: Manusia, lingkungan, dan interaksi keduanya
Authors: Hudiyana Joevarian 
Published: February 2022

Salam sejahtera,
Pada awal tahun baru ini, terjadi perubahan struktural yang sangat penting di Jurnal Psikologi Sosial (JPS). Kami selaku tim manajerial JPS mengucapkan selamat atas terpilihnya Dekan Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia periode 2022 sampai dengan 2026, Dr. Bagus Takwin, M.Hum. Sebelumnya, beliau menjabat sebagai kepala editor atau chief editor dari JPS sejak tahun 2017. Kami juga mengucapkan selamat kepada Bapak Dicky Pelupessy, Ph.D, salah satu dewan editor JPS, atas jabatannya sebagai Wakil Dekan Bidang Pendidikan, Penelitian dan Ke-mahasiswaan di Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia. Dengan demikian, Mas Aten dan Mas Dicky—begitu mereka biasanya disapa secara akrab—tetap berada di JPS sebagai dewan editor.
Kami selaku tim manajerial JPS mengucap-kan selamat atas terpilihnya Dr. Mirra Noor Milla dari Universitas Indonesia sebagai kepala editor baru JPS. Sebelumnya, beliau adalah salah satu dewan editor di JPS. Sebagaimana para penggiat dan ilmuwan psikologi sosial di Indonesia keta-hui, Mbak Mirra—begitu biasanya ia disapa di kampus—adalah pakar terorisme Indonesia. Karya-karya beliau dalam memahami tindakan terorisme dan rehabilitasi terhadap teroris di Indonesia cukup monumental dan bermanfaat dalam mencegah dan mengintervensi psikologi dari teroris.
Scalable Thousand Channel Penetrating Microneedle Arrays on Flex for Multimodal and Large Area Coverage BrainMachine Interfaces
Authors: Lee Sang Heon , Thunemann Martin , Lee Keundong , Cleary Daniel R. , Tonsfeldt Karen J. , Oh Hongseok , Azzazy Farid , Tchoe Youngbin , Bourhis Andrew M. , Hossain Lorraine , Ro Yun Goo , Tanaka Atsunori , Kılıç Kıvılcım , Devor Anna , Dayeh Shadi A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Utah array powers cutting‐edge projects for restoration of neurological function, such as BrainGate, but the underlying electrode technology has itself advanced little in the last three decades. Here, advanced dual‐side lithographic microfabrication processes is exploited to demonstrate a 1024‐channel penetrating silicon microneedle array (SiMNA) that is scalable in its recording capabilities and cortical coverage and is suitable for clinical translation. The SiMNA is the first penetrating microneedle array with a flexible backing that affords compliancy to brain movements. In addition, the SiMNA is optically transparent permitting simultaneous optical and electrophysiological interrogation of neuronal activity. The SiMNA is used to demonstrate reliable recordings of spontaneous and evoked field potentials and of single unit activity in chronically implanted mice for up to 196 days in response to optogenetic and to whisker air‐puff stimuli. Significantly, the 1024‐channel SiMNA establishes detailed spatiotemporal mapping of broadband brain activity in rats. This novel scalable and biocompatible SiMNA with its multimodal capability and sensitivity to broadband brain activity will accelerate the progress in fundamental neurophysiological investigations and establishes a new milestone for penetrating and large area coverage microelectrode arrays for brain–machine interfaces.
Smart µ‐Fiber Hydrogels with Macro‐Porous Structure for Sequentially Promoting Multiple Phases of Articular Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Ma Zhijie , Song Wei , He Dan , Zhang Xin , He Yaohua , Li Haiyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydrogels are widely utilized for articular cartilage regeneration. However, traditional hydrogels with nano‐sized pores lead to poor cell and tissue infiltration. Furthermore, hydrogels that can stimulate each phase of cartilage regeneration to enhance cartilage repair are highly demanded. Herein, a macro‐porous hydrogel is fabricated by crosslinking mixed sodium alginate (SA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) solution into SA/HA micro‐fibers (µ‐fibers) first and subsequently crosslinking the µ‐fibers into hydrogel blocks. Besides, exosomes derived from NR8383 cells activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and stimulated with bioglass (BG) ion extracts (LPS/BG‐exo) are incorporated into the hydrogel as they exhibit a strong ability to regulate inflammation homeostasis and recruit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Meanwhile, poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing kartogenin (KGN) (PLGAKGN) are encapsulated within the hydrogel for inducing the chondrogenic differentiation of recruited BMMSCs when KGN is released after the LPS/BG‐exo. Thus, the obtained macro‐porous SA/HAexo‐PLGAKGN hydrogel can not only significantly improve the infiltration of tissues into the hydrogel but also sequentially deliver LPS/BG‐exo and KGN to enhance the cartilage regeneration in a rat cartilage defect model. Prospectively speaking, the SA/HAexo‐PLGAKGN hydrogel is a potential candidate for other tissue regeneration as the bioactive substances can be adjusted according to different purposes.
High‐Temperature Confinement Synthesis of Supported Pt–Ni Nanoparticles for Efficiently Catalyzing Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Yifan , Geng Shipeng , Wang Yi , Song Shuqin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeveloping efficient Pt‐based alloy as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is critical for practical applications of fuel cells. High‐temperature reduction technology can improve the alloy atoms ordering but inevitably accelerate metal sintering. Here, Pt–Ni nanoparticles (<5 nm) embedded into ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) matrix are developed, and its confinement effect suppresses nanoparticles sintering up to 900 °C. After an elaborative dealloying process, the surface structure of Pt–Ni nanoparticles changes from a Ni‐rich to Pt‐rich layer (the thickness is about 0.15 nm). The optimized sample (PtNi3@OMC‐A) displays outstanding mass and specific activities of 2.11 A mgPt–1 and 3.23 mA cmPt–2, more than one order of magnitude higher than commercial Pt/C (20 wt%). PtNi3@OMC‐A also exhibits long‐term stability with a negligible activity loss after 10 000 potential cycles. Both experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that alloying effect as well as strain effect weaken Pt–O binding strength, thus resulting in an outstanding ORR activity. Furthermore, the high long‐term stability can be attributed to the confinement of OMC, inhibiting the detachment or agglomeration of the embedded alloy nanoparticles.
Heterointerface Created on Au‐Cluster‐Loaded Unilamellar Hydroxide Electrocatalysts as a Highly Active Site for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kitano Sho , Noguchi Tomohiro G. , Nishihara Masamichi , Kamitani Kazutaka , Sugiyama Takeharu , Yoshioka Satoru , Miwa Tetsuya , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Staykov Aleksandar , Yamauchi Miho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical element for all sorts of reactions that use water as a hydrogen source, such as hydrogen evolution and electrochemical CO2 reduction, and novel design principles that provide highly active sites on OER electrocatalysts push the limits of their practical applications. Herein, Au‐cluster loading on unilamellar exfoliated layered double hydroxide (ULDH) electrocatalysts for the OER is demonstrated to fabricate a heterointerface between Au clusters and ULDHs as an active site, which is accompanied by the oxidation state modulation of the active site and interfacial direct OO coupling (“interfacial DOOC”). The Au‐cluster‐loaded ULDHs exhibit excellent activities for the OER with an overpotential of 189 mV at 10 mA cm−2. X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements reveal that charge transfer from the Au clusters to ULDHs modifies the oxidation states of trivalent metal ions, which can be active sites on the ULDHs. The present study, supported by highly sensitive spectroscopy combining reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy and modulation‐excitation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, indicates that active sites at the interface between the Au clusters and ULDHs promote a novel OER mechanism through interfacial DOOC, thereby achieving outstanding catalytic performance.
Piezochromic Luminescence of Cyano Substituted E/Z Isomeric Derivatives: Different Responses to External Stimuli
Authors: Gao Lei , Bi Changjiang , Liu Futong , Feng Zijun , Sun Chenglin , Xu Shuping , Xu Weiqing , Lu Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs an important class of stimuli‐responsive material, piezochromic organic materials have been widely investigated in recent years. To promote their further applications as pressure sensors, realizing a high sensitivity and big color contrast, especially under high external pressure, is of great importance. Herein, two pure cis/trans isomers, E‐ANTCN and Z‐ANTCN, based on anthracene and cyano substituted double bond are achieved. The molecular structures are determined by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, correlation spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. At ambient conditions, both of them show typical mechanochromic characteristics under grinding−heating or grinding−fuming treatments. E‐ANTCN displays a sensitivity of 0.83 nm GPa−1 and a color contrast of 5 nm in a high‐pressure experiment, while Z‐ANTCN shows a much enhanced sensitivity of 22.64 nm GPa−1 and bigger color contrast of 110 nm, indicating the potential as a good colorimetric sensor for external pressure. The two cyano groups in the same side of double bond in Z‐ANTCN induce more intense intermolecular interactions with a resultant spatial packing mode being mainly responsive for its good sensing performance. This study fills the gap for a piezochromic property and high‐pressure experiment of E/Z isomers and provides useful information for the investigation of molecular structural changes under isotropic and anisotropic treatments.
Vacuum Ultraviolet (120–200 nm) Avalanche Photodetectors
Authors: Jia Lemin , Huang Feng , Zheng Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUltra‐sensitive photodetectors that can operate at vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelengths are greatly needed in space exploration as well as photolithography sensing and imaging. Traditional photomultiplier tubes for weak VUV light detection have the characteristics of large physical volume and high working voltage, and thus, the development of ultra‐wide‐bandgap semiconductor‐based avalanche photodetectors (APD) with advantages of miniaturization, radiation resistance, and filter‐free characteristics is urgently needed. Here, this work reports the details and results of APDs prepared for VUV detection based on high‐quality AlN heterojunctions. An extremely low dark current of ≈30 fA is achieved, and appreciable spectral response in the range of 120–220 nm and a gain >4000 at room temperature are demonstrated for the first time. Such APDs with integrability are attractive for single‐photon detection and imaging at VUV wavelengths in the future.
Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Luminescent Supraparticle Taggants with Switchable Dual‐Level ID
Authors: Miller Franziska , Reichstein Jakob , Mandel Karl 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTracking and tracing of objects are of paramount importance for realizing a Circular Economy and can be achieved by incorporating micrometer‐scaled luminescent identification (ID) taggants. While established systems are passive, displaying merely an ID feature, for monitoring a products’ life cycle, conscious taggants with stimuli‐triggered switchable ID signals, e.g., to record a recycling step, are desired. Herein, micrometer‐scaled hybrid inorganic–organic taggants with a temperature‐triggered switchable luminescent ID are reported. They are produced by assembling eight different types of organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) via a two‐step spray‐drying process into supraparticles (SPs) with a core–shell structure. This hierarchical structure and well‐balanced mass‐ratios of the utilized nanosized building blocks are key to controlling the occurring coupling effects within SPs, thus, to obtain the switchable ID functionality. Initially, the temperature‐inert inorganic luminescent ID‐level, located in the core, is concealed by a mutable organic ID‐level, emitted by the shell. Upon specific heat treatment, the ID is switched by irreversible quenching of the organic ID‐level, revealing the inorganic ID‐level. Furthermore, both ID‐levels are read out ratiometrically using the same excitation wavelength for their detection. Based on the SPs’ toolbox‐like manufacturing, the ID signals are adjustable to yield the demanded code variety on both ID‐levels.
Synthesis and Characterization of a LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 Olivine Cathode for Application in a New Lithium Polymer Battery
Authors: Minnetti Luca , Marangon Vittorio , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 (LFMP) cathode exploiting the olivine structure is herein synthesized and characterized in terms of structure, morphology, and electrochemical features in a lithium cell. The material shows reversibility of the electrochemical process which evolves at 3.5 and 4 V versus Li+/Li due to the Fe+2/Fe+3 and Mn+2/Mn+3 redox couples, respectively, as determined by cyclic voltammetry. The LFMP has a well‐defined olivine structure revealed by X‐ray diffraction, a morphology consisting of submicron particle aggregated into micrometric clusters as indicated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with a carbon weight ratio of about 4% as suggested by thermogravimetry. The electrode is used in lithium cells subjected to galvanostatic cycling with a conventional liquid electrolyte, and demonstrates a maximum capacity of 130 mAh g−1, satisfactory rate capability, excellent efficiency, and a stable trend. Therefore, the material is studied in a lithium metal polymer cell exploiting an electrolyte based on polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether with a solid configuration. The cell reveals very promising features in terms of capacity, efficiency, and retention, and suggests the LFMP material as a suitable electrode for polymer batteries characterized by increased energy density and remarkable safety.
Bifacial Modulation of Carrier Transport in BiVO4 Photoanode for Stable Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting via Interface Engineering
Authors: Mane Pratik , Bagal Indrajit V. , Bae Hyojung , Burungale Vishal , Seong Chaewon , Ryu Sang‐Wan , Ha Jun‐Seok 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonoclinic bismuth vanadate photoanodes promise high efficiency‐to‐cost ratios for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting owing to their suitable band structure and ease of synthesis. However, inadequate charge separation and sluggish oxidation kinetics remain a fundamental challenge. This study investigates bifacially interface engineered BiVO4 photoanodes by considering a seed‐layer and NiOOH oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) over‐layer to regulate the charge carrier transport and improve the overall PEC water‐splitting performance. The modification of the BiVO4/FTO interface stimulates electron flow towards fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) and a NiOOH over‐layer improves the facile hole transfer from BiVO4 to the electrolyte. Compared to the moderate photocurrent density of a bare BiVO4 photoanode (1.5 mA cm−2), the interface‐engineered Seed_BiVO4_NiOOH photoanode shows a remarkably high (≈3.4 times higher) photocurrent density of 5.10 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode with impressive long‐term stability over 9 h under illumination. The optimally interface engineered Seed_BiVO4_NiOOH photoanode shows an excellent photoconversion efficiency (1.83%), with significant improvement in bulk charge separation efficiency. This work presents a promising strategy for the development of a highly stable PEC water‐splitting device and eliminates the intrinsic material shortcomings of the bare BiVO4 photoanode by modulating the carrier transport via bifacial interface engineering.
Self‐Healing Mechanism of Lithium in Lithium Metal
Authors: Jiao Junyu , Lai Genming , Zhao Liang , Lu Jiaze , Li Qidong , Xu Xianqi , Jiang Yao , He Yan‐Bing , Ouyang Chuying , Pan Feng , Li Hong , Zheng Jiaxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLi is an ideal anode material for use in state‐of‐the‐art secondary batteries. However, Li‐dendrite growth is a safety concern and results in low coulombic efficiency, which significantly restricts the commercial application of Li secondary batteries. Unfortunately, the Li‐deposition (growth) mechanism is poorly understood on the atomic scale. Here, machine learning is used to construct a Li potential model with quantum‐mechanical computational accuracy. Molecular dynamics simulations in this study with this model reveal two self‐healing mechanisms in a large Li‐metal system, viz. surface self‐healing, and bulk self‐healing. It is concluded that self‐healing occurs rapidly in nanoscale; thus, minimizing the voids between the Li grains using several comprehensive methods can effectively facilitate the formation of dendrite‐free Li.
Real‐Time Correlation Detection via Online Learning of a Spiking Neural Network with a Conductive‐Bridge Neuron
Authors: Kim Dong‐Won , Woo Dae‐Seong , Kim Hea‐Jee , Jin Soo‐Min , Jung Sung‐Mok , Kim Dong‐Eon , Kim Jae‐Joon , Shim Tae‐Hun , Park Jea‐Gun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe neuronal density of complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor‐based neurons is limited because of the use of capacitors. Therefore, a novel neuron is fabricated using a conductive‐bridge‐neuron device, current‐mirror‐type sense amplifier, latch, micro‐controller‐unit, and digital‐analog‐converters. This neuron exhibits a typical integrate‐and‐fire function; in particular, the generation frequency of the fire spikes at the neuron exponentially increases with the input‐voltage‐spike amplitude. Using the proposed designed neuron in combination with an input spike generation and spike‐timing‐dependent‐plasticity algorithm, a real‐time correlation detection based on online learning is realized. With the increase in the number of learning iterations, the weight of synapses for 100 correlated input neurons gradually increase, whereas that for 900 uncorrelated input neurons steadily reduce. In addition, after 700 learning iterations, the output neuron is almost synchronized with the 100 correlated input neurons, thereby achieving correlation detection for cognitive functions in neuromorphic architectures and demonstrating the possibility of development of a neuromorphic chip based on the conductive‐bridge neurons and synapses.
Formulating noncovalent interactions to predict structural transition in mixed guest hydrates
Authors: Dongre Harshal J. , Jana Amiya K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work aims at formulating the noncovalent interactions of the mixed guest hydrate lattices of sI and sII structures. The reduced density plots obtained at the B3LYP level with 6‐31G(d) split valence set unveil the crucial contributions of hydrogen bonding, dispersion, van der Waals interaction, and steric effects toward lattice stability. These contributions are rather unreported in the hydrate phase equilibrium modeling. With this research gap, we attempt to formulate the natural regularity in the nonstoichiometric hydrates by the spherical harmonics shape descriptor. The van der Waals and hydrogen‐bond interactions are described with Kihara spherical cell potential and ab initio based calculations, respectively. Further, the ionization potential and polarizability of the guest molecule describe the dispersion interactions. Combining these contributions, we introduce a theoretical framework for the phase equilibrium modeling of mixed guest hydrates. This novel formulation offers various appealing advantages as: significantly reduced parametric structure, standardization of the parameter value for host–host pair, and generalized model framework. Despite of making the proposed theory so simple, it consistently outperforms the existing latest models, which employ various state equations, ab initio based calculations and CSMGem, for a wide variety of systems (total 26 systems tested) with reference to the experimental data.