bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating a Rotatable Valve Cam to Improve the Efficiency of a Hydraulic Motor in an Inline Hydro-Mechanical Transmission (i-HMT)
Authors: Sand Evan D. , Li Perry Y. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A hydro-mechanical transmission (HMT) transmits power both hydraulically and mechanically, allowing higher efficiencies than hydrostatic transmissions while maintaining continuously variable transmission ratios. Ordinary HMTs consist of a hydraulic pump/motor pair in parallel with a mechanical transmission, but their large sizes and high costs are major disadvantages. The Hondamatic inline HMT (iHMT) significantly reduces the size, cost, and complexity of an HMT through an inline design that eliminates gears. However, low power efficiency is the principal barrier to its more widespread use. A dominant loss is throttling due to fluid compressibility and non-optimal valve timing, especially in the hydraulic motor. In this paper a method of controlling the motor displacement is proposed, using a rotatable motor valve cam and check valves in conjunction with the Hondamatic’s existing adjustable swashplate. The proposed modification implements near ideal pre-compression and decompression and is applicable for other swashplate type hydraulic motors. For the iHMT, power efficiency improvements of 4.8% to 14.4% at various operating conditions can be achieved.
A Novel Hydraulic Solution to Simulate Inertial Forces on a Landing Gear Qualification Test Rig
Authors: De Martin Andrea , Jacazio Giovanni , Ruffinatto Andrea , Sorli Massimo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The E-LISA research project, under way within the Clean Sky 2 framework has the objective of developing an innovative iron bird to qualification and performance tests for the landing gear of an executive aircraft with a fully electrical landing gear system, thus with electro-mechanical landing gear actuators and electrical brake. The proposed test rig consists of a multi-functional intelligent test facility with the objective to perform all the tests and analyses required to assess the maturity of an electro-mechanical landing gear and demonstrate the feasibility of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) functionalities for the electrical brake system. One of the most critical elements in the design of such iron-bird is the definition of the system replicating the aircraft inertia, which presence is necessary to properly assess the behavior of both the brake and its anti-skid logic during landing. The most common solution foresees to bring the landing gear leg in contact against a rotating cylinder, or runway simulator, which moment of inertia is equivalent to the aircraft mass. Although it is possible to reduce the system encumbrance through the introduction of a geared reducer, such architecture is usually extremely heavy and requires significant space in the test facilities. This architecture is also difficult to adapt to different aircrafts, since it would require the addition or replacement of these heavy flywheels, which is both difficult and dangerous. This paper deals with the definition of a possible alternative, based on a hydraulic solution, where two variable-displacement hydraulic motors, connected to a light rotating cylinder, are used to replicate most of the aircraft inertial forces during braking. The paper opens with the preliminary sizing of such system, presents the high-fidelity simulation environment used to assess its expected performances and compare the behavior of the hydraulic solution with that of the traditional configuration, finally presenting both the benefits and the disadvantages of the proposed architecture.
High Precision Nonlinear Motion Control of a Hydraulic Orbital Motor-Driven Linear Rack
Authors: Helian Bobo , Beiser Sebastian , Geimer Marcus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a high precision motion control strategy of a hydraulic orbital motor-driven linear rack is proposed. The reference system is a forest walking machine, which is designed for moving on wet soils. The high-order nonlinear dynamics and uncertain parameters of the cabin movement that is driven by an electro-hydraulic motor system are the control difficulties. The control accuracy is limited by nonlinear friction, unknown disturbance, dead-band of the proportional valve, etc. To deal with these control difficulties, an adaptive robust backstepping controller is designed based on the nonlinear model of a hydraulic motor driving system. The controller consists of two steps: a position tracking step and a motor torque tracking step. In each step, the uncertain parameters are adapted in real-time to achieve effective model compensation and high tracking accuracy. Simulations with comparative control strategies demonstrate that the proposed controller can achieve high control response and robust tracking accuracy in the presence of nonlinear dynamics and uncertain parameters of the orbital motor driving system.
Quality of healthcare and admission rates for acute cardiac events during COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study on ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction in China
Authors: Ma Junxiong , Zhou Shuduo , Li Na , Dong Xuejie , Maimaitiming Mailikezhati , Yue Dahai , Jin Yinzi , Zheng Zhi-Jie 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in admission rates for and quality of healthcare of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the period of the COVID-19 outbreak and postoutbreak.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study among patients with STEMI in the outbreak time and the postoutbreak time.DesignTo examine the changes in the admission rates and in quality of healthcare, by comparison between periods of the postoutbreak and the outbreak, and between the postoutbreak and the corresponding periods.SettingData for this analysis were included from patients discharge diagnosed with STEMI from all the hospitals of Suzhou in each month of the year until the end of July 2020.Participants1965 STEMI admissions.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of moecondary outcomnthly STEMI admissions, and the secondary outcomes were the quality metrics of STEMI healthcare.ResultsThere were a 53% and 38% fall in daily admissions at the phase of outbreak and postoutbreak, compared with the 2019 corresponding. There remained a gap in actual number of postoutbreak admissions at 306 and the predicted number at 497, an estimated 26 deaths due to STEMI would have been caused by not seeking healthcare. Postoutbreak period of 2020 compared with corresponding period of 2019, the percentage of cases transferred by ambulance decreased from 9.3% to 4.2% (p=0.013), the door-to-balloon median time increased from 17.5 to 34.0 min (p=0.001) and the rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy declined from 71.3% to 60.1% (p=0.002).ConclusionsThe impact of public health restrictions may lead to unexpected out-of-hospital deaths and compromised quality of healthcare for acute cardiac events. Delay or absence in patients should be continuously considered avoiding the secondary disaster of the pandemic. System delay should be modifiable for reversing the worst clinical outcomes from the COVID-19 outbreak, by coordination measures with focus on the balance between timely PCI procedure and minimising contamination of cardiac catheterisation rooms.
Studying the Long-term Impact of COVID-19 in Kids (SLICK). Healthcare use and costs in children and young people following community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection: protocol for an observational study using linked primary and secondary routinely collected healthcare data from England, Scotland and Wales
Authors: Swann Olivia V , Lone Nazir I , Harrison Ewen M , Tomlinson Laurie A , Walker Alex J , Seaborne Michael J , Pollock Louisa , Farrell James , Hall Peter S , Seth Sohan , Williams Thomas C , Preston Jennifer , Ainsworth J. Samantha , Semple Freya F , Baillie J Kenneth , Katikireddi Srinivasa V , Akbari Ashley , Lyons Ronan , Simpson Colin R , Semple Malcolm G , Goldacre Ben , Brophy Sinead , Sheikh Aziz , Docherty Annemarie B 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 infection rarely causes hospitalisation in children and young people (CYP), but mild or asymptomatic infections are common. Persistent symptoms following infection have been reported in CYP but subsequent healthcare use is unclear. We aim to describe healthcare use in CYP following community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify those at risk of ongoing healthcare needs.Methods and analysisWe will use anonymised individual-level, population-scale national data linking demographics, comorbidities, primary and secondary care use and mortality between 1 January 2019 and 1 May 2022. SARS-CoV-2 test data will be linked from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2022. Analyses will use Trusted Research Environments: OpenSAFELY in England, Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales and Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 in Scotland (EAVE-II). CYP aged ≥4 and <18 years who underwent SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) testing between 1 January 2020 and 1 May 2021 and those untested CYP will be examined.The primary outcome measure is cumulative healthcare cost over 12 months following SARS-CoV-2 testing, stratified into primary or secondary care, and physical or mental healthcare. We will estimate the burden of healthcare use attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infections in the 12 months after testing using a matched cohort study of RT-PCR positive, negative or untested CYP matched on testing date, with adjustment for confounders. We will identify factors associated with higher healthcare needs in the 12 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection using an unmatched cohort of RT-PCR positive CYP. Multivariable logistic regression and machine learning approaches will identify risk factors for high healthcare use and characterise patterns of healthcare use post infection.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the South-Central Oxford C Health Research Authority Ethics Committee (13/SC/0149). Findings will be preprinted and published in peer-reviewed journals. Analysis code and code lists will be available through public GitHub repositories and OpenCodelists with meta-data via HDR-UK Innovation Gateway.
Application of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol for randomised controlled trials
Authors: Duan Dan , Chen Maojun , Cui Wenyao , Liu Wenjie , Chen Xinrong 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionBreast cancer has become a common tumour that threatens women’s physical and mental health. Microbial agents play an important role in maintaining the balance of gut microbiota and modulating intestinal immunity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Available evidence points to a strong association between them and breast cancer. However, there has been no systematic review of the effects of microbial agents in patients with breast cancer. This protocol aims to explore the effectiveness and safety of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in patients with breast cancer.Methods and analysisWe will search the following electronic databases for relevant randomised controlled trials: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Grey literature and reference lists of original studies will also be searched to avoid omissions. We will use the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool to assess the quality of the included studies. The primary outcomes include patients’ arm oedema volume, changes in gut microbiota composition and anthropometric parameters. Two independent reviewers will perform literature screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Data synthesis will be performed using descriptive analysis or meta-analysis. The quality of the evidence for each outcome will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.Ethics and disseminationThe data for systematic reviews are derived from published original studies and do not require review and approval by the ethics committee. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal and conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022311502.
Real-world evidence of long-term survival and healthcare resource use in patients with hepatic encephalopathy receiving rifaximin-α treatment: a retrospective observational extension study with long-term follow-up (IMPRESS II)
Authors: Aspinall Richard J , Hudson Mark , Ryder Stephen D , Richardson Paul , Farrington Elizabeth , Wright Mark , Przemioslo Robert T , Perez Francisco , Kent Melanie , Henrar Roland , Hickey Joe , Shawcross Debbie L 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo describe survival of patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE), up to 5 years after initiation of rifaximin-α (RFX) treatment.Design/MethodA retrospective, observational extension study within 9 National Health Service secondary/tertiary UK care centres. All patients had a clinical diagnosis of HE, were being treated with RFX and were included in the previous IMPRESS study which reported the 1-year experience. Demographics, clinical outcomes, selected cirrhosis-related complications, hospital admissions and attendances up to 5 years from RFX initiation were extracted from patient medical records and hospital electronic databases. The primary outcome measure was survival at 5 years post-initiation of RFX treatment.ResultsThe study included 138 patients. The survival rate at 5 years post-initiation of RFX was 35% (95% CI 28.2% to 44.4%) overall and 36% (95% CI 26.1% to 45.4%) for patients with alcohol-related liver disease. Median survival from RFX initiation was 2.8 years (95% CI 2.0 to 3.8; n=136). Among 48 patients alive at 5 years, 54% remained on RFX treatment at the end of the observation period, 73% reported no cirrhosis-related complications and 22% (9/41) had received a liver transplant. Between 1 and 5 years post-initiation, total numbers of liver-related emergency department visits, inpatient admissions, intensive care unit admissions and outpatient visits were 84, 191, 3 and 709, respectively; the liver-related 30-day readmission rate was 37%.ConclusionWithin UK clinical practice, RFX use in HE was associated with a 35% survival rate with high treatment adherence, 78% transplant-free survival rate, minimal healthcare resource and low rates of complications at 5 years post-initiation.
Natural history of spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a clinical and imaging study
Authors: Williams James , Brinjikji Waleed , Cutsforth-Gregory Jeremy K 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAlthough spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is well studied, there are few studies of the clinical and imaging history of SIH without interventional treatments. For example, what is the natural history of those who are untreated or treated only with conservative measures?ObjectiveTo conduct a retrospective study examining changes in imaging findings for patients with SIH without interventional treatments and to study associations between imaging findings and clinical symptoms.MethodsIncluded patients had a clinical diagnosis of SIH, were seen at Mayo Clinic between 1999 and 2021, had a brain MRI scan indicating SIH (Bern score), and had a brain MRI scan 6 or more months later without intervening leak-related interventional treatment. Bern scores were assigned for the first and last MRI scans prior to treatment. Patients were also grouped into three qualitative categories: overall improvement of symptoms, stable symptoms, or worsened symptoms based on patient report during the clinical visit at the time of the follow-up brain MRI scan.ResultsAmong 46 patients with untreated SIH, the Bern score improved over time in 11 (24%), was stable in 30 (65%), and worsened in 5 (11%). Two patients (4.3%) showed complete resolution of all abnormalities by the Bern scoring criteria. Symptoms improved in 7 (15%), were stable in 29 (63%), and worsened in 10 (22%).ConclusionsIn patients with brain MRI evidence of SIH, almost 25% demonstrated radiographic improvement, and 15% reported clinical improvement, during at least 6 months of observation or conservative treatment. Most had stable, persistent MRI abnormalities and symptoms when SIH was untreated.
Improved background subtraction and a fresh look at jet sub-structure in JEWEL
Authors: Milhano José Guilherme , Zapp Korinna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInteractions of hard partons in the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) created with relativistic heavy ion collisions lead to characteristic modifications of the internal structure of reconstructed jets. A large part of the observed jet sub-structure modifications stem from the QGP’s response to energy and momentum deposited by hard partons. Good control over medium response in theoretical calculations is thus instrumental to a quantitative understanding of medium modified (quenched) jets in heavy ion collisions. We present an improved way of handling the medium response in the jet quenching model Jewel and present results for a variety of jet sub-structure observables. The new recoil handling is more versatile and robust than the old scheme, giving a better control over many observables and, in particular, greatly improves the description of the jet mass.
Efficient Sorting, Duplicate Removal, Grouping, and Aggregation
Authors: Do Thanh , Graefe Goetz , Naughton Jeffrey 
Published: November 2022

Database query processing requires algorithms for duplicate removal, grouping, and aggregation. Three algorithms exist: in-stream aggregation is most efficient by far but requires sorted input; sort-based aggregation relies on external merge sort; and hash aggregation relies on an in-memory hash table plus hash partitioning to temporary storage. Cost-based query optimization chooses which algorithm to use based on several factors, including the sort order of the input, input and output sizes, and the need for sorted output. For example, hash-based aggregation is ideal for output smaller than the available memory (e.g., Query 1 of TPC-H), whereas sorting the entire input and aggregating after sorting are preferable when both aggregation input and output are large and the output needs to be sorted for a subsequent operation such as a merge join.
Unfortunately, the size information required for a sound choice is often inaccurate or unavailable during query optimization, leading to sub-optimal algorithm choices. In response, this article introduces a new algorithm for sort-based duplicate removal, grouping, and aggregation. The new algorithm always performs at least as well as both traditional hash-based and traditional sort-based algorithms. It can serve as a system’s only aggregation algorithm for unsorted inputs, thus preventing erroneous algorithm choices. Furthermore, the new algorithm produces sorted output that can speed up subsequent operations. Google’s F1 Query uses the new algorithm in production workloads that aggregate petabytes of data every day.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Rare Haplotypes Associated with Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Wang Fan , Moon Wonjong , Letsou William , Sapkota Yadav , Wang Zhaoming , Im Cindy , Baedke Jessica L. , Robison Leslie , Yasui Yutaka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Numerous common genetic variants have been linked to breast cancer risk, but they only partially explain the total breast cancer heritability. Inference from Nordic population-based twin data indicates rare high-risk loci as the chief determinant of breast cancer risk. Here, we use haplotypes, rather than single variants, to identify rare high-risk loci for breast cancer. With computationally phased genotypes from 181,034 white British women in the UK Biobank, a genome-wide haplotype–breast cancer association analysis was conducted using sliding windows of 5 to 500 consecutive array-genotyped variants. In the discovery stage, haplotype–breast cancer associations were evaluated retrospectively in the prestudy-enrollment data including 5,487 breast cancer cases. Breast cancer hazard ratios (HR) for additive haplotypic effects were estimated using Cox regression. The replication analysis included a prospective cohort of women free of breast cancer at enrollment, of whom 3,524 later developed breast cancer. This two-stage analysis detected 13 rare loci (frequency &lt;1%), each associated with an appreciable breast cancer-risk increase (discovery: HRs = 2.84–6.10, P &lt; 5 × 10–8; replication: HRs = 2.08–5.61, P &lt; 0.01). In contrast, the variants that formed these rare haplotypes individually exhibited much smaller effects. Functional annotation revealed extensive cis-regulatory DNA elements in breast cancer–related cells underlying the replicated rare haplotypes. Using phased, imputed genotypes from 30,064 cases and 25,282 controls in the DRIVE OncoArray case–control study, 6 of the 13 rare–loci associations were found generalizable (odds ratio estimates: 1.48–7.67, P &lt; 0.05). This study demonstrates the complementary advantage of utilizing rare haplotypes to capture novel risk loci and suggests the potential for the discovery of more genetic elements contributing to cancer heritability as large data sets of germline whole-genome sequencing become available.

Significance:
A genome-wide two-stage haplotype analysis identifies rare haplotypes associated with breast cancer risk and suggests that the rare risk haplotypes represent long-range interactions with regulatory consequences influencing cancer risk.
Platelet Internalization Mediates Ferroptosis in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Miao Shuo , Zhang Qingsong , Ding Wei , Hou Bo , Su Zhe , Li Mengyang , Yang Lanting , Zhang Jun , Chang Wenguang , Wang Jianxun 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Myocardial cell death is the hallmark of myocardial infarction. In the process of myocardial injury, platelets contribute to the pathogenesis by triggering intense inflammatory responses. Yet, it is still unclear if platelets regulate cardiomyocyte death directly, thereby exacerbating myocardial injury in myocardial infarction.

Methods:
We describe a mechanism underlying the correlative association between platelets accumulation and myocardial cell death by using myocardial infarction mouse model and patient specimens.

Results:
Myocardial infarction induces platelets internalization, resulting in the release of miR-223-3p, a platelet-enriched miRNA. By targeting the ACSL3, miR-223-3p delivered by internalized platelets cause the reduction of stearic acid-phosphatidylcholine in cardiomyocytes. The presence of stearic acid-phosphatidylcholine protects cardiomyocytes against ferroptosis.

Conclusions:
Our work reveals a novel mechanism of platelet-mediated myocardial injury, highlighting antiplatelet therapies could potentially represent a multimechanism treatment of myocardial infarction, and implying ferroptosis being considered as novel target for therapeutics.