bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-linked Alginate Beads of Montelukast Sodium Coated with Eudragit
for Chronotherapy: Statistical Optimization, In vitro and In vivo Evaluation
Authors: Ranjan Om Prakash , Kumar Nitesh , Dave Vivek 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Chronotherapy is the administration of medication according to the biological
rhythm to maximize pharmacological effects and minimize side effects. The objective of the current
investigation is to prepare delayed-release beads (DRBs) containing montelukast sodium (MKS) for
chronotherapy of asthma.

Methods:
Delayed-release beads of alginate were prepared using a simple method, i.e., ionotropic gelation.
The effect of cross-linking agents (zinc or calcium ions) and the concentration of chitosan on the
properties of the beads were investigated. The prepared beads were coated by a polymer having pHindependent
solubility, i.e., Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit RLPO in different ratios to achieve the desired
lag time of 4-5 h. Beads were evaluated for surface morphology, practical yield, encapsulation efficiency,
XRD, and in vitro release study. The pharmacokinetic study was carried out on New Zealand white
male rabbits.

Results:
No major differences in the drug release profile were observed between Ca++ and Zn++ crosslinked
beads. However, a slight slow release was seen in the case of chitosan-reinforced beads. MKS
released from cross-linked alginate beads was slightly altered with sodium alginate concentration, crosslinking
time, and talc. At a higher alginate concentration, slow drug release was observed, whereas the
addition of talc to alginate increased the release rate. The in vitro release study showed that the optimal
formulation of DRBs has a lag time of 4.5 h, and the release at 6 h was found to be 74.9%. In vivo
pharmacokinetic study of the beads showed Tmax at 7 h with an initial lag time of 4 h.

Concluion:
When dosed at sleep time, the prepared cross-linked beads may deliver montelukast sodium
required to relieve early morning symptoms in asthmatic patients.
The Antibacterial Activity of Natural-derived Flavonoids
Authors: Tan Zhenyou , Deng Jun , Ye Qiongxian , Zhang Zhenfeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:Flavonoids, a wide variety of phenolic secondary metabolites, are found in almost all plant families in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds. Flavonoids could exert antibacterial activity via damaging the cytoplasmic membrane, inhibiting energy metabolism, and inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acids, so flavonoids are considered constitutive antibacterial substances. This review aims to outline the recent advances of natural-derived flavonoids, including flavonoid glycosides with anti-bacterial potential to provide novel antibacterial lead hits/candidates, covering articles published be-tween January 2016 and July 2021.
Impact of Tocilizumab on Inflammatory Markers and Oxygen Status in
Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Single Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Nathiya Deepak , Suman Supriya , Bareth Hemant , Singh Mahaveer , Sharma Eshan 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
This retrospective study aims to investigate the impact of tocilizumab on inflammatory
markers in patients with severe COVID-19. The effect on oxygenation was also assessed.

Methods:
This retrospective study aims to investigate the impact of tocilizumab on inflammatory
markers in patients with severe COVID-19. The effect on oxygenation was also assessed.

Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 57.8 ± 12.2 years, and 78.57% were male. Forty-four percent
of the patient had type 2 diabetes. Tocilizumab treatment was associated with reduction in the
oxygen requirement [median:10 L/min (IQR6- 14)] v/s 4 L/min (IQR 3-7, p-0.005]. Peripheral oxygen
saturation also improved after tocilizumab [92 % (IQR 90-96)] v/s [95 % (IQR 94-96), p-0.01)], respectively.
Serum CRP level decreased significantly when evaluated after three days (44±5 v/s 20 ±3
mg/dl, p=< 0.001). Out of the 42, 12 (29%) patients died due to severe COVID-19 or its complications.
When compared with the patients who survived, patients who died had a higher level of D-dimer
(1.2 ± 0.51 v/s 3.1 ±1.2 ng/dl, p-value- 0.04), and LDH: (845 ±55 v/s 1364 ±198 U/L, p - 0.01). At day
seven of the tocilizumab injection, diabetic patients (n-13) had higher IL-6 serum level than nondiabetic
patients (n-16) [(median- 311(IQR-1245.5) v/s (209 (IQR-546.2), p-value- 0.048].

Results:
In this retrospective pre-post analysis, tocilizumab injection was associated with reduced
inflammation and improved oxygenation in severe COVID-19. Despite high IL-6 levels, diabetes had
no impact on the efficacy of the tocilizumab.
Realization of Seventh-Order Chebyshev Active Low-Pass Filter
Authors: Li Yong-An 
Published: February 2022

Background:
CCCII implementation of the classic seventh-order Chebyshev filter is relatively rare. This work is a supplement to it.

Methods:
By a floating negative simulating resistance using single the second generation current-controlled conveyor (CCCII), we design a new current buffer to employ one CCCII and one multiple output CCCII (MOCCCII), and a new grounded MOCCCII-employed the frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR). Moreover, by employing a classic seventh-order Chebyshev passive filter as a prototype and utilizing adjoint network theory, a seventh-order Chebyshev active low-pass filter is realized through applying the Bruton transform, frequency and impedance scaling technique, FDNR, and component replacement method. The filter employs only grounded capacitors and nine CCCIIs, and its the performance can be controlled through adjusting bias currents of the CCCIIs.

Results:
The designed circuit is simulated with Multisim, which shows that the filter is correct and effective.

Conclusion:
A seventh-order Chebyshev active low-pass filter with Amax=0.5 dB and fc=10 kHz, is realized.
Kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal operasi bilangan model ujian negara tingkat SMP
Authors: Vionita Alfha , Hartono Hartono 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal operasi bilangan model Ujian Negara (UN) untuk tingkat SMP. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Survei dilaksanakan pada siswa SMP kelas IX se-Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Indonesia. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 104 siswa dipilih menggunakan teknik stratified propotional random sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes diagnostik berupa soal uraian yang dimodifikasi dari soal pilihan ganda pada UN tingkat SMP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal operasi bilangan model UN untuk tingkat SMP yaitu kesalahan membaca (reading erorrs) sebanyak 30%; kesalahan pemahaman (comprehension errors) sebanyak 40%; kesalahan transformasi (transformations errors) sebanyak 83%; kesalahan keterampilan proses (processing skill errors) sebanyak 85%; dan kesalahan menarik kesimpulan (encoding errors) sebanyak 85%. AbstractThis study aimed to describe the types of students’ errors in solving the number operation problem of the state examination (Ujian Negara or UN) model for the junior high school level. This study was a survey with a quantitative approach. The survey was conducted on ninth-grade junior high school stu­dents in Dharmasraya Regency, Indonesia. The number of study samples was 104 students who were selected using the stratified proportional random sam­pling technique. The instrument used was a diagnostic test in the form of an essay problem which was modified from the multiple-choice national exami­nation test at the junior high school level. The results showed that the types of students’ errors in solving the UN model problem on the topic of number ope­rations were: reading errors (30%); comprehension error (40%); transforma­tions errors (83%); processing skill errors (85%); and encoding errors (85%).
Efektivitas model pembelajaran creative problem solving ditinjau dari kemampuan penalaran, komunikasi, dan self esteem
Authors: Rachman Abdillah , Rosnawati Raden 
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan perbedaan efektifitas model pembelajaran creative problem solving dan model pembelajaran konvensional ditinjau dari kemampuan penalaran, komunikasi, dan self-esteem. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi-experiment dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent comparison group design. Subjek penelitian merupakan peserta didik di salah satu MAN di Purbalingga, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, pada materi transformasi geometri. Sampel terdiri dari 60 siswa dari dua kelas IPA yang masing-masing mengikuti model pembelajaran konvensional dan model pembelajaran creative problem solving. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari tes kemampuan penalaran, tes kemampuan komunikasi serta angket self-esteem. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan Hotteling’s Trace. Hasil penelitian pada taraf signifikansi 5% menunjukkan bahwa: (1) model pembelajaran creative problem solving efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan penalaran, komunikasi, dan self-esteem; (2) model pembelajaran konvensional efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan penalaran, komunikasi, dan self-esteem; dan (3) terdapat perbedaan keefektifan antara model pembelajaran creative problem solving dan konvensional ditinjau dari kemampuan penalaran, komunikasi, dan self-esteem.Abstract This study aims to reveal the differences in the effectiveness of creative problem solving and conventional learning models in terms of reasoning ability, communication, and self-esteem. This research was a quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent comparison group design. The research subjects were students of a state Islamic senior high school in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia on geometry transformation material. The sample was 60 students from two science classes who learn with conventional learning model and creative problem solving learning model. The research instrument consists of a reasoning ability test, a communication skill test, and a self-esteem questionnaire. The analysis used the descriptive analysis and Hotteling's Trace. The results of the study at the significance level of 5% indicated that: (1) the creative problem solving learning model was effective in terms of reasoning ability, communication, and self-esteem; (2) the conventional learning model was effective in terms of reasoning ability, communication, and self-esteem; (3) there were differences in effectiveness between creative problem solving and conventional learning models in terms of reasoning ability, communication, and self-esteem.
Deep Learning in mHealth for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Cancer: Systematic Review
Authors: Triantafyllidis Andreas , Kondylakis Haridimos , Katehakis Dimitrios , Kouroubali Angelina , Koumakis Lefteris , Marias Kostas , Alexiadis Anastasios , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios 
Published: February 2022

Background
Major chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and cancer impose a significant burden on people and health care systems around the globe. Recently, deep learning (DL) has shown great potential for the development of intelligent mobile health (mHealth) interventions for chronic diseases that could revolutionize the delivery of health care anytime, anywhere.

Objective
The aim of this study is to present a systematic review of studies that have used DL based on mHealth data for the diagnosis, prognosis, management, and treatment of major chronic diseases and advance our understanding of the progress made in this rapidly developing field.

Methods
A search was conducted on the bibliographic databases Scopus and PubMed to identify papers with a focus on the deployment of DL algorithms that used data captured from mobile devices (eg, smartphones, smartwatches, and other wearable devices) targeting CVD, diabetes, or cancer. The identified studies were synthesized according to the target disease, the number of enrolled participants and their age, and the study period as well as the DL algorithm used, the main DL outcome, the data set used, the features selected, and the achieved performance.

Results
In total, 20 studies were included in the review. A total of 35% (7/20) of DL studies targeted CVD, 45% (9/20) of studies targeted diabetes, and 20% (4/20) of studies targeted cancer. The most common DL outcome was the diagnosis of the patient’s condition for the CVD studies, prediction of blood glucose levels for the studies in diabetes, and early detection of cancer. Most of the DL algorithms used were convolutional neural networks in studies on CVD and cancer and recurrent neural networks in studies on diabetes. The performance of DL was found overall to be satisfactory, reaching >84% accuracy in most studies. In comparison with classic machine learning approaches, DL was found to achieve better performance in almost all studies that reported such comparison outcomes. Most of the studies did not provide details on the explainability of DL outcomes.

Conclusions
The use of DL can facilitate the diagnosis, management, and treatment of major chronic diseases by harnessing mHealth data. Prospective studies are now required to demonstrate the value of applied DL in real-life mHealth tools and interventions.
Perception Analysis of Green Construction Implementation on Construction Projects For Contractors in Banda Aceh City
Authors: Rauzana Anita , Saidan Nurul Hidayati Binti , Dharma Wira 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Along with the increasing use of natural resources, and the large number of construction waste dumping in the environment, environmental damage is increasingly visible. Many areas, especially Banda Aceh City, have experienced land and air degradation due to the pattern of life and the number of people. Currently, the construction project has a new concept, namely green construction, which is believed to be able to improve the environment caused by various developments by reducing the occurrence of environmental damage. The research objective was to analyze the perception of the application of green construction in construction projects in the city of Banda Aceh in determining the most dominant factors and the relationship between the factors of implementing green construction (X) on costs (Y). The research location was in the city of Banda Aceh. Secondary data, namely contractor company data. Primary data were 34 questionnaires. The results of data analysis using SPSS include a validity test, reliability test, frequency analysis, and Pearson product-moment correlation test. Based on the research results, it was found that the most dominant green construction factor was the application of energy conservation in construction (X5) of 95.1%, the application of energy conservation (X10) of 92.8%, and the use of construction materials (X8) of 92.5%. The largest correlation coefficient value was obtained in energy conservation (X10) of 0.882.Abstrak: Seiring meningkatnya pemakaian sumber daya alam dan banyaknya pembuangan limbah konstruksi di lingkungan, kerusakan lingkungan semakin terlihat. Telah banyak daerah-daerah khususnya Kota Banda Aceh mengalami degradasi lahan dan udara karena pola hidup dan jumlah manusia. Saat ini proyek konstruksi mempunyai sebuah konsep baru yaitu green construction yang dipercaya mampu memperbaiki lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh berbagai pembangunan dengan mereduksi terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis persepsi penerapan green construction pada proyek konstruksi di Kota Banda Aceh dalam menentukan faktor-faktor yang paling dominan dan hubungan antara faktor-faktor penerapan green construction (X) terhadap biaya (Y). Lokasi penelitian di Kota Banda Aceh. Data sekunder yaitu data perusahaan kontraktor. Data primer sebanyak 34 kuesioner. Hasil analisis data menggunakan SPSS meliputi uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis frekuensi, dan uji korelasi pearson product moment. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa faktor green construction yang paling dominan adalah penerapan konservasi energi pada pelaksanaan konstruksi (X5) sebesar 95,1%, penerapan konservasi energi (X10) sebesar 92,8%, dan penggunaan material konstruksi (X8) sebesar 92,5%. Nilai koefisien korelasi terbesar didapat pada konservasi energi (X10) sebesar 0,882.
Preparation and Characterization of Giant Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Shell-Based Chitin as Biocoagulant For Water Purification
Authors: Nisah Khairun , Rahmi Rizna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) shells are solid waste that can be utilized for water purification by converting them into chitin-based biocoagulant. The extraction and deproteination of giant tiger shrimp shells (Penaeus monodon) resulted in 83.34% w/w, followed by a demineralization yield of 91.61% w/w product. Chitin extract was used as a biocoagulant using the Jar test method on a fixed variable of 1 L well water and the independent variables of chitin weight (mg) and stirring speed (rpm). The results showed that 15 mg/L chitin reduced the turbidity value of well water from 3.08-1.03 NTU and decreased the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 555-500 mg/L, at 200 rpm and pH 8.4. In conclusion, our investigation proves that chitin derived from giant tiger shrimp shells can be used as a biocoagulant for water purification.Abstrak: Kulit udang merupakan limbah padat yang dapat digunakan untuk penjerniahan air, dengan mengonversi limbah tersebut menjadi biokoagulan berbasis chitin. Limbah kulit udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) diekstrak menjadi chitin sebagai bahan baku Biokoagulan dalam penjernihan air sumur. Proses ekstraksi kulit udang windu (Penaeus monodon) diperoleh rendemen sebesar 83,34% melalui proses deproteinasi, diperoleh rendemen sebanyak 91,61% melalui proses demineralisasi. Hasil ekstrak chitin digunakankan sebagai biokoagulan dengan metode Jar test pada variabel tetap sebesar 1 L air sumur dan variabel berubah adalah massa chitin dan waktu pengadukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 15 mgram/L chitin mampu menurunkan nilai kekeruhan air sumur dari 3,08-1,03 (NTU) dan menurunkan Total Dissolved Solids TDS dari 555-500 (mgram/L), dengan kecepatan rotasi 200 rpm untuk nilai pH 8,4. Kesimpulan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa chitin yang diperoleh dari kulit udang windu dapat digunakan sebagai biokoagulan pada proses penjernihan air.
Primary Ureteric Stent Insertion Under Local Anaesthetic or Sedoanalgesia in Non-pregnancy
Authors: Gabriel Joseph , Quraishi Mohammed Kamil , Osman Banan , Shafik Lidia , Gabriel Abraham , Watson Graham , Mackie Simon 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objective To characterise the evidence surrounding local anaesthetic ureteric stent insertion (LAUSI) in contexts outside of pregnancy, a procedure typically performed under general anaesthetic (GAUSI), as it has never been the subject of a systematic review. Materials and Methods A systematic review of the Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, AMED, BNI, EMCARE, HMIC and PsycINFO databases was conducted to examine the published evidence in line with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines surrounding the technique, patient demographics, setting, type of LA± sedoanalgesia used, cystoscopy and fluoroscopy usage, patient tolerability and pain, efficacy, complications and cost-effectiveness. Around 1,460 papers were systematically screened for inclusion. Results Seventeen studies were identified; one randomised controlled trials (RCT), four non-randomised comparative studies, and 12 case-series describing LAUSI. The 17 studies encompassed a total of some 1545 LAUSI. The clinical indications were similar to those for GAUSI. Successful LAUSI rate ranged from 71-98.9% in studies overall, with a pooled mean success rate of 89.3% overall (86.8% in LA only, 91.75% in LA ± sedoanalgesia). The tolerability of a LAUSI patient across 14 studies had a pooled mean rate of 91.8% (88.6% in LA only, 95% in LA ± sedoanalgesia). The procedure time was reported in seven studies, and it ranged from 5.35±0.87 to 65.0±27.5 minutes. The four comparative studies showed no difference in complication rates between LAUSI and GAUSI. All five studies reporting on cost-effectiveness showed LAUSI to be superior to GAUSI. Conclusions LAUSI is a safe, effective, and cost-effective alternative to GAUSI, which is under-utilised. Further research in the form of RCTs is required to formally establish its place and acceptability amongst urologists.
THE LAKATOSIAN METHODOLOGY IN TEACHING THE SURFACE AREA OF A CONE AND A STUDENT’S CONCEPTUAL TRANSITION
Authors: Ogbonnaya Ugorji Iheanachor , Dimitriou-Hadjichristou Chrysoula 
Published: February 2022

Although many scholars support the Lakatosian method of mathematics education for enhancing students learning, the use of the method to foster students’ transition from alternative to scientific conceptions in mathematics does not seem to have been a focus of any research. This study explored if the Lakatosian heuristic method of teaching could foster a students’ transition from alternative to scientific conceptions of the surface area of a cone. The study used a qualitative, exploratory single case study design to undertake an in-depth study of a student in the 11th grade at a secondary school in Cyprus. Data was collected through lesson observation and analyzed using deductive content analysis. The study found that beginning from informal conjectures and proofs to more formal proofs the student was able to transit from alternative conception to the scientific conception of the surface area of a cone. The finding suggests that the Lakatosian method of mathematics can foster students’ conceptual understanding of some mathematical concepts.