bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The market for university press books in the United States: 1985–1999
Authors: Greco Albert N. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTUniversity press books play a pivotal role in the transmission of knowledge among academics and to serious readers outside universities. Yet the market for these books underwent substantive changes and posted lacklustre increases in net publishers' revenues and unit sales between 1985 and 1999. In this article, statistical data on university presses' net publishers' unit and dollar revenues, covering the years 1985 through 1999, are analysed to ascertain: (i) shifts in the channels of distribution; (ii) the future demand for university press books for the years 2000 through 2004; and (iii) the price elasticity of demand for these titles. Other issues addressed briefly include competition from commercial academic publishers, consolidation in the publishing industry, the rise in importance of the global market for university press books, and financial issues.
Print to electronic: measuring the operational and economic implications of an electronic journal collection
Authors: Montgomery Carol Hansen 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the methodology and initial results of an Institute for Library and Information Studies (IMLS)‐funded research study of the operational and economic impact of an academic library's migration to an all‐electronic journal collection. Initial results of measuring staff time indicate Information Services and Systems Operation departments constitute the majority of personnel costs for electronic journals. Technical Services and Circulation account for the majority of staff costs for print journals. Per title subscription costs appear to be substantially lower for electronic titles obtained through aggregator collections.
Getting it! The added value of helping users find information
Authors: Kaser Richard T. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the evolving role of secondary publishers within the changing models of web‐assisted information provision. It concludes that the predicted demise of secondary publishing was premature. Instead, everybody is now delivering a service, not just a product and, despite the rhetoric of freeing the literature, even commercial web enterprises are moving towards the subscription model.
Book reviews
Authors: Storrie Eileen , Bell Hazel K. 
Published: July 2002

The Peer‐Reviewed Journal: A Comprehensive Guide through the Editorial Process by Gary Michael Smith, Chatgris Press New Orleans, USA, 80 pp & 63 pp of Figs., $35.00, ISBN 0‐9658380‐0‐5The Book in the United States Today edited by Richard Abel and Gordon Graham, Transaction Publishers, 1997., ix, 280 pages., Index., ISBN: 1‐56000‐972‐1 (pbk), $21.95 / £14.95.
Indexing the continuum of verbal texts
Authors: Wellisch Hans H. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTDifferentiates items on a continuum of verbal texts as: books (single‐author, small‐team, multiple‐author, encyclopedias); periodicals (journals, bulletins, bibliographic volume indexes, cumulations); databases. The requirements of their indexing, with varying problems of policy, language, depth, authors' names, and titles, in both printed and electronic form, are discussed.
Bochner-Kähler metrics
Authors: Bryant Robert 
Published: July 2002

A Kähler metric is said to be Bochner-Kähler if its Bochner curvature vanishes. This is a nontrivial condition when the complex dimension of the underlying manifold is at least

2
2

. In this article it will be shown that, in a certain well-defined sense, the space of Bochner-Kähler metrics in complex dimension

n
n

has real dimension

n

+

1

n{+}1

and a recipe for an explicit formula for any Bochner-Kähler metric will be given. It is shown that any Bochner-Kähler metric in complex dimension

n
n

has local (real) cohomogeneity at most

n
n

. The Bochner-Kähler metrics that can be ‘analytically continued’ to a complete metric, free of singularities, are identified. In particular, it is shown that the only compact Bochner-Kähler manifolds are the discrete quotients of the known symmetric examples. However, there are compact Bochner-Kähler orbifolds that are not locally symmetric. In fact, every weighted projective space carries a Bochner-Kähler metric. The fundamental technique is to construct a canonical infinitesimal torus action on a Bochner-Kähler metric whose associated momentum mapping has the orbits of its symmetry pseudo-groupoid as fibers.
The effect of evenly spaced constant sites on the distribution of the random division of a molecular sequence.
Authors: Sneath P H 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: A modified Sherman statistic can be used to test whether the differences between two aligned sequences are distributed at random along the sequences, or whether they are clustered, which suggests anomalies of evolution such as partial gene recombination or functional constraints. The presence of evenly spaced constant sites (such as constancy at the second codon position in genes coding for proteins) lowers the statistic and makes the significance less than it should be. RESULTS: The magnitude of the constant-site effect is shown by simulation to depend mainly on the proportion of differences between two sequences and on the number of constant sites that are added after each variable site. This latter number can be estimated from the variance of sites in a sequence matrix at the first, second and third codon positions, to obtain a ratio that corrects the statistic. When expressed as standard errors, the uncorrected results are too low (typically half to one unit when almost all the variation is at the third codon position). Correction raises the standard errors to levels close to expectation. If the data show no marked ternary periodicity, the correction is very small. The method is illustrated with biological data that show close to random behaviour, and with data that exhibit strong clustering. AVAILABILITY: The software is available from the author and has also been placed on the EMBL file server (Software@embl-ebi.ac.uk). CONTACT: phas1@le.ac.uk
A platform for integrating threading results with protein
family analyses
Authors: Pazos Florencio , Rost Burkhard , Valencia Alfonso 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: We have developed a package for the interactive visualization of results from different threading programs. Additionally, we have integrated relevant information about protein sequence, function, evolution, and structure into the interface.
Availability: A detailed documentation of THREADLIZE, and the binaries for IRIX, SunOS and Linux are available at http://www.cnb.uam.es/~pazos/threadlize. The package is free for academic users.
Contact: valencia@cnb.uam.es
Supplementary information: http://www.cnb.uam.es/~pazos/threadlize
An ontology for bioinformatics applications.
Authors: Baker P G , Goble C A , Bechhofer S , Paton N W , Stevens R , Brass A 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: An ontology of biological terminology provides a model of biological concepts that can be used to form a semantic framework for many data storage, retrieval and analysis tasks. Such a semantic framework could be used to underpin a range of important bioinformatics tasks, such as the querying of heterogeneous bioinformatics sources or the systematic annotation of experimental results. RESULTS: This paper provides an overview of an ontology [the Transparent Access to Multiple Biological Information Sources (TAMBIS) ontology or TaO] that describes a wide range of bioinformatics concepts. The present paper describes the mechanisms used for delivering the ontology and discusses the ontology's design and organization, which are crucial for maintaining the coherence of a large collection of concepts and their relationships. AVAILABILITY: The TAMBIS system, which uses a subset of the TaO described here, is accessible over the Web via http://img.cs.man.ac.uk/tambis (although in the first instance, we will use a password mechanism to limit the load on our server). The complete model is also available on the Web at the above URL.
The role of aromatic residues in the hydrophobic core of the villin headpiece subdomain
Authors: Frank Benjamin S. , Vardar Didem , Buckley Deirdre A. , McKnight C. James 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSmall autonomously folding proteins are of interest as model systems to study protein folding, as the same molecule can be used for both experimental and computational approaches. The question remains as to how well these minimized peptide model systems represent larger native proteins. For example, is the core of a minimized protein tolerant to mutation like larger proteins are? Also, do minimized proteins use special strategies for specifying and stabilizing their folded structure? Here we examine these questions in the 35‐residue autonomously folding villin headpiece subdomain (VHP subdomain). Specifically, we focus on a cluster of three conserved phenylalanine (F) residues F47, F51, and F58, that form most of the hydrophobic core. These three residues are oriented such that they may provide stabilizing aromatic–aromatic interactions that could be critical for specifying the fold. Circular dichroism and 1D‐NMR spectroscopy show that point mutations that individually replace any of these three residues with leucine were destabilized, but retained the native VHP subdomain fold. In pair‐wise replacements, the double mutant that retains F58 can adopt the native fold, while the two double mutants that lack F58 cannot. The folding of the double mutant that retains F58 demonstrates that aromatic–aromatic interactions within the aromatic cluster are not essential for specifying the VHP subdomain fold. The ability of the VHP subdomain to tolerate mutations within its hydrophobic core indicates that the information specifying the three dimensional structure is distributed throughout the sequence, as observed in larger proteins. Thus, the VHP subdomain is a legitimate model for larger, native proteins.
Cutaneous Involvement in Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Multicenter Cohort of 65 Patients
Authors: Dupré Anastasia , Morel Nathalie , Yelnik Cécile , Moguelet Philippe , Le Guern Véronique , Stammler Romain , Nguyen Yann , Paule Romain , Dufrost Virginie , Ackermann Felix , Benhamou Ygal , Godeau Bertrand , Lambert Marc , Duffau Pierre , Mekinian Arsène , Saadoun David , Mouthon Luc , Hachulla Eric , Maillard Hélène , Levesque Hervé , Morell-Dubois Sandrine , Leroux Gaëlle , Piette Jean-Charles , Chasset François , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceCatastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a severe, rare complication of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but cutaneous involvement has not yet been adequately described.ObjectiveTo describe cutaneous involvement during CAPS, its clinical and pathological features, and outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was a retrospective analysis of patients included in the French multicenter APS/systemic lupus erythematosus register (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02782039) by December 2020. All patients meeting the revised international classification criteria for CAPS were included, and patients with cutaneous manifestations were analyzed more specifically.Main Outcomes and MeasuresClinical and pathological data as well as course and outcome in patients with cutaneous involvement during CAPS were collected and compared with those in the register without cutaneous involvement.ResultsAmong 120 patients with at least 1 CAPS episode, the 65 (54%) with skin involvement (43 [66%] women; median [range] age, 31 [12-69] years) were analyzed. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome was the first APS manifestation for 21 of 60 (35%) patients with available data. The main lesions were recent-onset or newly worsened livedo racemosa (n = 29, 45%), necrotic and/or ulcerated lesions (n = 27, 42%), subungual splinter hemorrhages (n = 19, 29%), apparent distal inflammatory edema (reddened and warm hands, feet, or face) (n = 15, 23%), and/or vascular purpura (n = 9, 14%). Sixteen biopsies performed during CAPS episodes were reviewed and showed microthrombi of dermal capillaries in 15 patients (94%). These lesions healed without sequelae in slightly more than 90% (58 of 64) of patients. Patients with cutaneous involvement showed a trend toward more frequent histologically proven CAPS (37% vs 24%, P = .16) than those without such involvement, while mortality did not differ significantly between the groups (respectively, 5% vs 9%, P = .47).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, half the patients with CAPS showed cutaneous involvement, with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, including distal inflammatory edema. Skin biopsies confirmed the diagnosis in all but 1 biopsied patient.
Effect of a Multicomponent Intervention Delivered on a Web-Based Platform on Hypertension Control
Authors: Zhou Haoqi , Wang Xin , Yang Ying , Chen Zuo , Zhang Linfeng , Zheng Congyi , Shao Lan , Tian Ye , Cao Xue , Hu Zhen , Tian Yixin , Chen Lu , Cai Jiayin , Gu Runqing , Wang Zengwu 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceThe prevalence of hypertension is high and still increasing across the world, while the control rate remains low in many countries. Emerging technology, such as telemedicine, may offer additional support to change the unsatisfactory situation.ObjectiveTo establish a multicomponent intervention delivered on a web-based telemedicine platform and oriented with the Chinese hypertension management guidelines and to evaluate the effect of the intervention on blood pressure (BP) control for patients with hypertension.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cluster randomized clinical trial of a hypertension management program was conducted at 66 community health centers in China from October 1, 2018, to May 31, 2020, with a 12-month follow-up. Patients with hypertension were blinded to randomization and were randomized to either the intervention group or control group. Hypertension was diagnosed at mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) readings higher than 140 and 90 mm Hg or with use of antihypertensive medication. Evaluation of the intervention effect was based on the principle of modified intention to treat.InterventionsMulticomponent intervention was delivered on a web-based platform and consisted of a primary prevention program for cardiovascular disease and standardized management for hypertension.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the change in BP control rate (SBP and DBP levels &amp;lt;140 and 90 mm Hg, or &amp;lt;130 and 80 mm Hg for patients with diabetes) from baseline to the 12-month follow-up among patients with hypertension in the intervention and control groups.ResultsA total of 4118 patients (mean [SD] age, 61.6 [9.4] years; 2265 women [55.0%]) were included in the analysis, with 2985 in the intervention group and 1133 in the control group. The BP control rate at baseline was 22.8% in the intervention group and 22.5% in the control group. After 12 months of the intervention, the BP control rate for the intervention group compared with the control group was significantly higher (47.4% vs 30.2%; odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13-1.24; P &amp;lt; .001). The intervention effect on SBP level was –10.1 mm Hg (95% CI, –11.7 to –8.5 mm Hg; P &amp;lt; .001) and on DBP level was –1.8 mm Hg (95% CI, –2.8 to –0.8 mm Hg; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this trial showed that a multicomponent intervention delivered on a web-based platform improved BP control rate and lowered BP level more than usual care alone. Such a telemedicine program may provide a new, effective way to treat patients with hypertension in the community and may generate public health benefits across diverse populations.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1800017791
Federal Funding and Citation Metrics of US Biomedical Researchers, 1996 to 2022
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. , Hozo Iztok , Djulbegovic Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceBoth citation and funding metrics converge in shaping current perceptions of academic success.ObjectiveTo evaluate what proportion of the most-cited US-based scientists are funded by biomedical federal agencies and whether funded scientists are more cited than nonfunded ones.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study used linkage of a Scopus-based database on top-cited US researchers (according to a composite citation metric) and the National Institutes of Health RePORTER database of federal funding (33 biomedical federal agencies). Matching was based on name and institution. US-based top-cited scientists who were allocated to any of 69 scientific subfields highly related to biomedicine were considered in the main analysis. Data were downloaded on June 11, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of US-based top-cited biomedical scientists who had any (1996-2022), recent (2015-2022), and current (2021-2022) funding. Comparisons of funded and nonfunded scientists assessed total citations and a composite citation index.ResultsThere were 204 603 records in RePORTER (1996-2022) and 75 316 US-based top-cited scientists in the career-long citation database; 40 887 scientists were included in the main analysis. The proportion of US-based top-cited biomedical scientists (according to career-long citation impact) who had received any federal funding from biomedical research agencies was 62.7% (25 650 of 40 887) for any funding (1996-2022), 23.1% (9427 of 40 887) for recent funding (2015-2022), and 14.1% (5778 of 40 887) for current funding (2021-2022). Respective proportions were 64.8%, 31.4%, and 20.9%, for top-cited scientists according to recent single-year citation impact. There was large variability across scientific subfields (eg, current funding: 31% of career-long impact top-cited scientists in geriatrics, 30% in bioinformatics and 29% in developmental biology, but 0% in legal and forensic medicine, general psychology and cognitive sciences, and gender studies). Funded top-cited researchers were overall more cited than nonfunded top-cited scientists (median [IQR], 9594 [5650-1703] vs 5352 [3057-9890] citations; P &amp;lt; .001) and substantial difference remained after adjusting for subfield and years since first publication. Differences were more prominent in some specific biomedical subfields.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study, biomedical federal funding had offered support to approximately two-thirds of the top-cited biomedical scientists at some point during the last quarter century, but only a small minority of top-cited scientists had current federal biomedical funding. The large unevenness across subfields needs to be addressed with ways that improve equity, efficiency, excellence, and translational potential.
Deep Learning for Cross-Diagnostic Prediction of Mental Disorder Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Danish Nationwide Register and Genetic Data
Authors: Allesøe Rosa Lundbye , Thompson Wesley K. , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Hougaard David M. , Nordentoft Merete , Werge Thomas , Rasmussen Simon , Benros Michael Eriksen 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceDiagnoses and treatment of mental disorders are hampered by the current lack of objective markers needed to provide a more precise diagnosis and treatment strategy.ObjectiveTo develop deep learning models to predict mental disorder diagnosis and severity spanning multiple diagnoses using nationwide register data, family and patient-specific diagnostic history, birth-related measurement, and genetics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study was conducted from May 1, 1981, to December 31, 2016. For the analysis, which used a Danish population-based case-cohort sample of individuals born between 1981 and 2005, genotype data and matched longitudinal health register data were taken from the longitudinal Danish population-based Integrative Psychiatric Research Consortium 2012 case-cohort study. Included were individuals with mental disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZ), and population controls. Data were analyzed from February 1, 2021, to January 24, 2022.ExposureAt least 1 hospital contact with diagnosis of ADHD, ASD, MDD, BD, or SCZ.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe predictability of (1) mental disorder diagnosis and (2) severity trajectories (measured by future outpatient hospital contacts, admissions, and suicide attempts) were investigated using both a cross-diagnostic and single-disorder setup. Predictive power was measured by AUC, accuracy, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), including an estimate of feature importance.ResultsA total of 63 535 individuals (mean [SD] age, 23 [7] years; 34 944 male [55%]; 28 591 female [45%]) were included in the model. Based on data prior to diagnosis, the specific diagnosis was predicted in a multidiagnostic prediction model including the background population with an overall area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 and MCC of 0.28, whereas the single-disorder models gave AUCs/MCCs of 0.84/0.54 for SCZ, 0.79/0.41 for BD, 0.77/0.39 for ASD, 0.74/0.38, for ADHD, and 0.74/0.38 for MDD. The most important data sets for multidiagnostic prediction were previous mental disorders and age (11%-23% reduction in prediction accuracy when removed) followed by family diagnoses, birth-related measurements, and genetic data (3%-5% reduction in prediction accuracy when removed). Furthermore, when predicting subsequent disease trajectories of the disorder, the most severe cases were the most easily predictable, with an AUC of 0.72.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this diagnostic study suggest the possibility of combining genetics and registry data to predict both mental disorder diagnosis and disorder progression in a clinically relevant, cross-diagnostic setting prior to clinical assessment.