bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3M™ Petrifilm™ Rapid Yeast and Mold Count Plate Method for the Enumeration of Yeast and Mold on Selected Surfaces: AOAC Official Method 2014.05
Authors: Lingle Cari K , Schumacher April J , Rosauer Micki L , Silbernagel Karen M , Blackburn Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe 3M™ Petrifilm™ Rapid Yeast and Mold Count (RYM) Plate contains nutrients supplemented with antibiotics, a cold-water-soluble gelling agent, and an indicator system that facilitates yeast and mold enumeration in 48–60 h.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the 3M Petrifilm RYM Plate in a matrix extension study for the enumeration of yeast and mold on stainless steel, sealed concrete, and rubber surfaces.MethodsThe 3M Petrifilm RYM Plate was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Ch. 18: Yeasts, Molds and Mycotoxins in a paired matrix study for enumeration of yeast and mold on stainless steel, sealed concrete, and rubber environmental surfaces.ResultsThe 3M Petrifilm RYM Plate demonstrated equivalent performance to the reference method for enumeration of yeast and mold from stainless steel, sealed concrete, and rubber environmental surfaces. There were no significant statistical differences between the 3M Petrifilm RYM Plate and reference method results for the three matrixes evaluated.ConclusionThe 3M Petrifilm RYM Plate is an effective plating method for enumerating yeast and mold when analyzing stainless steel, sealed concrete, and rubber surfaces.HighlightsThe 3M Petrifilm RYM Plate method allows the user to obtain accurate results within 48–60 h in the matrices evaluated for the presence of yeast and mold when incubated at 25 ± 1°C or 28 ± 1°C. Interpretation and colony counting was straightforward and the 3M Petrifilm RYM Plate method required no additional agar or Petri dishes, creating an easier workflow by cutting down on supplies, sample plating time, and most noticeably, occupying less space in the incubator.
Natural forest regeneration on anthropized landscapes could overcome climate change effects on the endangered maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus, Illiger 1811)
Authors: Santos Paloma Marques , Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Niebuhr Bernardo Brandão , Vancine Maurício Humberto , Chiarello Adriano Garcia , Paglia Adriano Pereira 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate change and habitat loss have been identified as the main causes of species extinction. Forest regeneration and protected areas are essential to buffer climate change impacts and to ensure quality habitats for threatened species. We assessed the current and future environmental suitability for the maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus, under both future climate and forest restoration scenarios, using ecological niche modeling. We compared environmental suitability for two Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUnorth and ESUsouth) using two climate change scenarios for 2070, and three potential forest regeneration scenarios. Likewise, we evaluated the protection degree of the suitable areas resulting from the models, according to Brazilian law: PA—Protected Areas; PPA—Permanent Protection Areas (environmentally sensitive areas in private properties); and LR—Legal Reserves (natural vegetation areas in private properties). Finally, we calculated the deficit of PPA and LR in each ESU, considering the current forest cover. Forest regeneration might mitigate the deleterious effects of climate change by maintaining and increasing environmental suitability in future scenarios. The ESUnorth contains more suitable areas (21,570 km²) than the ESUsouth (12,386 km²), with an increase in all future scenarios (up to 45,648 km² of new suitable areas), while ESUsouth might have a significant decrease (up to 7,546 km² less). Suitable areas are mostly unprotected (ESUnorth—65.5% and ESUsouth—58.3%). Therefore, PPA and PA can maintain only a small portion of current and future suitable areas. Both ESUs present a high deficit of PPA and LR, highlighting the necessity to act in the recovery of these areas to accomplish a large-scale restoration, mitigate climate change effects, and achieve, at least, a minimum forested area to safeguard the species. Notwithstanding, a long-term conservation of B. torquatus will benefit from forest regeneration besides those minimum requirements, allied to the protection of forest areas.
Ram pressure stripping and ISM disc truncation: prediction versus observation
Authors: Lee Seona , Sheen Yun-Kyeong , Yoon Hyein , Jaffé Yara , Chung Aeree 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Ram pressure stripping (RPS) is known to be a key environmental effect that can remove interstellar gas from galaxies in a cluster. The RPS process is commonly described as a competition between the ram pressure by the intracluster medium and the anchoring pressure on the interstellar medium by the gravitational potential of a galaxy. However, the actual gas stripping process can be more complicated due to the complexity of gas physics such as compression and geometrical self-shielding as well as cooling and heating. In order to verify how well the observed signatures of the RPS process can be understood as simple momentum transfer, we compare the stripping radii of Virgo cluster galaxies in different stages of RPS measured from the H i observation with the predicted gas truncation radii for the given conditions. For the sample undergoing active RPS, we generally find good agreements between predictions and observations within a measurement uncertainty. On the other hand, galaxies likely in the early or later RPS stage and/or the ones with signs of environmental impacts other than RPS such as tidal interaction or starvation show some discrepancies. Our results imply that the conventional RPS relation works reasonably well in a broad sense when RPS is the most dominant process and the galaxy is located where the surrounding environment can be well defined. Otherwise, more careful inspections on the second mechanism and local environment are required to assess the impact of RPS on the target.
Rapid Early Progression (REP) of Glioblastoma Is an Independent Negative Prognostic Factor: Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Waqar Mueez , Roncaroli Federico , Lehrer Eric , Palmer Joshua , Villanueva-meyer Javier , Braunstein Steve , Hall Emma , Aznar Marianne , De Hamer Philip Witt , D’Urso Pietro , Trifiletti Daniel , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Wesseling Pieter , Borst Gerben 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
In patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma, rapid early progression (REP) refers to tumour regrowth between surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to appraise published data on REP to better characterise and understand this phenomenon.

METHOD
Systematic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane database from inception to 21/10/21. Studies describing the incidence of REP – tumour growth between the postoperative MRI scan and pre-radiotherapy MRI scan in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma, were included. The primary outcome was REP incidence.

RESULTS
From 1590 search results, 9 studies were included with 716 patients. The median age was 56.9 years (IQR 54.0- 58.8 years). There was a male predominance with a median male-to-female ratio of 1.4 (IQR 1.1-1.5). The median number of days between MRI scans was 34 days (IQR 18-45 days). The mean incidence rate of REP was 45.9% (range 19.3%-72.0%) and significantly lower in studies employing functional imaging to define REP (p&lt;0.001). REP/non-REP groups were comparable with respect to age (p=0.99), gender (p=0.33) and time between scans (p=0.81). REP was associated with shortened overall survival (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.30-2.43, p&lt;0.001), shortened progression-free survival (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.30-2.43, p&lt;0.001), subtotal resection (OR 6.96, 95% CI 4-51-10.73, p&lt;0.001) and IDH wildtype versus mutant tumours (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.02-0.38, p=0.03). MGMT promoter methylation was not associated with REP (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.72-2.28, p=0.39).

CONCLUSION
REP occurs in almost half of patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma and has a strongly negative prognostic effect. Future studies should investigate its biology and effective treatment strategies.
Treatment Response in GBM Cells Under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Griggs Becky , Allison Simon J , Bruning-Richardson Anke , Vaughn-Beaucaire Philippa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are characterised by highly hypoxic regions and the ability to invade into healthy brain tissue promoting tumour dissemination and recurrence; the development of novel anti-migratory inhibitors to target cell invasion and recurrence must consider varying treatment responses in this tumour background. As proof of principle we investigated the anti-migratory activity of two, previously characterised, small molecule inhibitors under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We hypothesised that anti-migratory drug activity is dependent on hypoxia levels.

METHOD
Glioma cell line U251 was exposed to BIO-indirubin and Y-27632 alone or in combination and activity was assessed in 2D scratch assays under normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (0.1% O2) conditions. Live cell imaging was performed and analysis was carried out using ImageJ.

RESULTS
Treatment with BIO, Y-27632 or in combination had a statistically significant effect on the inhibition of migration in normoxia and hypoxia (p=0.01); BIO inhibited migration and Y-27632 promoted migration under normoxia, whereas BIO maintained the anti-migratory effect under hypoxia, the effect of Y-27632 was switched towards anti-migratory activity and combination treatment potentiated. The effect of Y-27632 was concomitant with a phenotypic shift in cells under hypoxia from highly elongated to possessing shorter extensions.

CONCLUSION
An anti-migratory effect of Y-27632 on cell migration was induced under hypoxic conditions suggesting that the adoption of amoeboid migration by the cells allowed targeting migratory pathways under the control of RhoA and ROCK. This confirms that candidate drug activity must be assessed under both conditions to be considered as drugs complementary to chemotherapy as potential novel treatment option.
Survival and Prognostic Factors in Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer Treated with Stereotactic Radiotherapy
Authors: Mitchell Adam , Palmer Kieran , Fitzpatrick Amanda , Bartram Alex , Rockall Louise , Lewis Rachel , Plowman Nick , Lowe Hannah , Scandura Glenda , Panday Pratistha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
Intracranial metastases are common in patients with breast cancer. Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) can improve overall survival (OS) in selected patients; however there is uncertainty over the presence of prognostic indicators in this cohort. Here, we aim to determine whether the number of brain metastases, receptor status and presence of extracranial disease affected OS.

METHOD
Retrospective analysis was performed for all patients receiving SRT for brain metastases from breast cancer between 2014-2020 at Barts Cancer Centre. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences between groups were assessed using the Log-rank (Mantel-cox) test.

RESULTS
109 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer were included. The median age at treatment was 52 years (IQR:46-60). Of 103 patients with documented receptor status, 22 patients were ER+/HER2+, 32 ER+/HER2-, 20 ER-/HER2+ and 29 triple-negative. 68/105 patients had extra-cranial metastatic disease at treatment with SRT. A median of 2 lesions were treated per patient (range:1-15). Median OS for all patients was 67.4 weeks. Median OS was 91.4 weeks for ER+/HER2+ patients, 64.9 weeks for ER+/HER- patients, 71.4 weeks for ER-/HER2+ and 37 weeks for ER-/HER2- (p=0.001). Median OS was 55.1 weeks for patients with extra-cranial metastatic disease and 91.4 weeks in those without (p=0.017). Median OS was 72.1 weeks in patients with 1-2 brain metastases and 53.7 in those with extensive (3+) brain metastases, however this was not statistically significant (p=0.892).

CONCLUSION
A trend towards worse OS in patients with triple-negative receptor status and extra-cranial metastatic disease at treatment with SRT warrants further investigation.
Proportionality in Criminal Sentencing: A Cognitive Hypothesis
Authors: Petrov Philip 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research into the cognitive psychology of proportionality—here, the familiar idea that the severity of the punishment should reflect the severity of the crime—can enrich the study of US criminal sentencing and identify new connections between research in law, psychology and philosophy. This article presents a cognitive-psychological model of proportionality and shows how the model helps to illuminate the behaviour of a range of sentencing decision makers. According to this model, the way in which people tend to mentally represent and compute proportionality means that the latter has at least two behaviourally important features: it is both cognitively intuitive and difficult non-arbitrarily to apply to prison sentences, in well-defined senses of those terms. The interaction between these two features helps to account for data points such as the following: (i) why the original US Sentencing Commission tried to, but did not, base the US Sentencing Guidelines on a retributivist rationale; (ii) why sentencing decision makers are likely to have political-rhetorical flexibility in deciding whether to use the concept of proportionality; and (iii) why several federal judges have observed that sentencing decision makers are susceptible to anchoring. Attending to the psychology of proportionality also yields normative implications and suggestions for future research.
Urban Tourism
Authors: Furnée Jan Hein 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the seventeenth century, visiting cities for pleasure transformed from a predominant male elite pastime to a middle-class family activity, and finally a mass phenomenon accessible to men and women of all classes and generations. Drawing examples from a selection of European and American cities, this chapter demonstrates that motivations and experiences of urban tourists, despite evident differences and changes, also show some remarkable continuities. Not only with regard to their very first impressions of unfamiliar cities and their elementary strategies of navigating and sightseeing, but also in their enduring quest to search for spiritual enrichment through personal encounters with religion, art and history; their search for shared pleasures and exotic otherness in urban entertainment; their fascination for transgressing ethnic, class, gender, sexual, and other boundaries; as well as in their perennial hunt for souvenirs.
Medieval Tourism
Authors: Craig Kate M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The intersection of medieval history and tourism history is not methodologically straightforward. Although some aspects of late medieval pilgrimage culture (the existence of guidebooks, souvenirs, set itineraries, etc.) correspond to modern expectations of tourism, medieval travel was a more complex phenomenon than the commercial infrastructure that sustained it. Medieval travel affected the traveler’s perception of self and their place in society, and medieval travel literature promoted and reinforced certain visions of the world; it was also not limited to Christian European travelers. Discarding the idea that tourism is neatly separable from other categories of travel (pilgrimage, missionary work, exile) should allow historians of tourism to consider medieval travelers as comparative models for modern travelers rather than simple precursors, and medieval historians to move beyond the negative moral associations of “tourism” to identify aspects of leisure and pleasure within the world of medieval travel.
Grand Tour
Authors: Verhoeven Gerrit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Our present-day understanding of the classic Grand Tour hovers between identification and estrangement. On the one hand, there is a tendency among scholars to tone down the differences between early modern travel and modern tourism. Focusing on apparent similarities—the fascination for Michelangelo’s Last Judgment, the burgeoning tourism industry, the craving for souvenirs, and so on—the Grand Tour traveler becomes a tourist avant la lettre. On the other hand, there is also a strand to maximize the differences by emphasizing the danger and discomfort involved. Focusing on highwaymen and pirates, spectacular accidents, religious intolerance, epidemic diseases, and other calamities, a black-and-white opposition is created between our bland vacationing and its more spectacular premodern variant. To move beyond these classic, binary storylines on the Grand Tour, a more evolutionary lens will be explored here. How did early modern travel evolve in terms of space and time, the social profile of the travelers, and their motivations?
The Experiences of Caretaking and Financial Stress among Social Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cederbaum Julie A , Zerden Lisa de Saxe , Ross Abigail M , Zelnick Jennifer R , Pak Hee-Eun (Helen) , Ruth Betty J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSocial workers have engaged in promotive, preventive, and intervention work throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that social workers are disproportionately women, and the essential nature of practice during the pandemic, how social workers experience caretaking and financial stressors warrants examination. Data are drawn from a larger cross-sectional survey of U.S.-based social workers (N = 3,118) conducted from June to August 2020. A convergent mixed-methods design included thematic content analysis and univariate, ordinal, and linear regression models. The sample was 90 percent female; average age was 46.4 years. Although 44 percent indicated moderate or significant caretaking stress, results varied by race/ethnicity, workplace setting, and age. Social workers of color were more likely to report caretaking (p &lt; .001) and financial stress (p &lt; .001) compared with White counterparts. Social workers in children/family services were more likely to report increased financial stress (p &lt; .004). Older age was protective for both caretaking (p &lt; .001) and financial stress (p &lt; .001). Three distinct subthemes were found in caretaking stress (work/life balance, safety concerns, and positionality) and two in financial stress (uncertainty and absence of workplace recognition). Understanding workforce stressors may help organizations and policymakers better support an essential workforce integral to the United States’ COVID-19 response and recovery.
Resveratrol regulates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy via the lncRNA ZFAS1-miR-150-5p-PINK1 axis, and enhances the antitumor activity of paclitaxel against non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kong Fanhua , Xie Chuan , Zhao Xudong , Zong Xiang , Bu Lingguo , Zhang Bo , Tian Hui , Ma Shengjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignant subtype of lung cancer with high mortality. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural molecule that regulates mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we explored the effect of RSV on NSCLC cell mitophagy and paclitaxel (PTX) resistance. LncRNA ZFAS1, miR-150-5p, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) expressions in NSCLC cells were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Levels of PINK1, Parkin and autophagy related molecules LC3I and LC3II were assessed by western blot. Mitophagy was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-150-5p directly interacted with ZFAS1 or PINK1. MTT was performed to test the IC50 of NSCLC cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured with CCK-8, EdU, and TUNEL assays. A549/PTX cells exhibited a higher mitophagy activity, and chemoresistance, whereas RSV suppressed PTX resistance and mitophagy in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, ZFAS1 was found to be a downstream effector of RSV in NSCLC cells. We next found ZFAS1 directly interacted with miR-150-5p and regulated the expression of a key mitophagy regulator PINK1. In addition, RSV modulated PTX resistance and mitophagy in NSCLC via ZFAS1/miR-150-5p/PINK1 axis. We validate that RSV influences mitophagy and PTX resistance in NSCLC via ZFAS1/miR-150-5p mediated PINK1/Parkin pathway. Combining these 2 drugs may be a new option of NSCLC therapy.
Screening and Assessment of Cancer-Related Fatigue: An Executive Summary and Road Map for Clinical Implementation
Authors: Cohn Joy C. , Harrington Shana , Lee Jeannette Q. , Malone Daniel , Fisher Mary Insana 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) prevalence is reported as high as 90%. Cancer-related fatigue is multidimensional and associated with lower health-related quality of life. Effective screening and assessment are dependent upon use of valid, reliable, and clinically feasible measures. This Executive Summary of the Screening and Assessment of Cancer-related Fatigue Clinical Practice Guideline provides recommendations for best measures to screen and assess for CRF based on the quality and level of evidence, psychometric strength of the tools, and clinical utility.

Methods:
After a systematic review of the literature, studies evaluating CRF measurement tools were assessed for quality; data extraction included psychometrics and clinical utility. Measurement tools were categorized as either screens or assessments.

Results:
Four screens are recommended: European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, the Distress Thermometer, and the One-Item Fatigue Scale. Eight assessments are recommended: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue, Piper Fatigue Scale—Revised, Brief Fatigue Inventory, Cancer Fatigue Scale, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue Short Form and CAT, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20.

Discussion:
This Executive Summary is a synopsis of and road map for implementation of the Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Assessment of CRF. Review of the full Clinical Practice Guideline is recommended [10.1093/ptj/pzac120]. Additional research focused on responsiveness of instruments is needed in order to consider them for use as outcome measures. Screening and assessing CRF will result in opportunities to improve the quality of life of individuals with cancer.
Molecular diagnosis and treatment of meningiomas: an expert consensus (2022)
Authors: Deng Jiaojiao , Hua Lingyang , Bian Liuguan , Chen Hong , Chen Ligang , Cheng Hongwei , Dou Changwu , Geng Dangmurenjiapu , Hong Tao , Ji Hongming , Jiang Yugang , Lan Qing , Li Gang , Liu Zhixiong , Qi Songtao , Qu Yan , Shi Songsheng , Sun Xiaochuan , Wang Haijun , You Yongping , Yu Hualin , Yue Shuyuan , Zhang Jianming , Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Shuo , Mao Ying , Zhong Ping , Gong Ye 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasm with diverse pathological types and complicated clinical manifestations. The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5), published in 2021, introduces major changes that advance the role of molecular diagnostics in meningiomas. To follow the revision of WHO CNS5, this expert consensus statement was formed jointly by the Group of Neuro-Oncology, Society of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medical Association together with neuropathologists and evidence-based experts. The consensus provides reference points to integrate key biomarkers into stratification and clinical decision making for meningioma patients.