bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreting extreme climate impacts from large ensemble simulations—are they unseen or unrealistic?
Authors: Kelder T , Wanders N , van der Wiel K , Marjoribanks T I , Slater L J , Wilby R l , Prudhomme C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Large-ensemble climate model simulations can provide deeper understanding of the characteristics and causes of extreme events than historical observations, due to their larger sample size. However, adequate evaluation of simulated ‘unseen’ events that are more extreme than those seen in historical records is complicated by observational uncertainties and natural variability. Consequently, conventional evaluation and correction methods cannot determine whether simulations outside observed variability are correct for the right physical reasons. Here, we introduce a three-step procedure to assess the realism of simulated extreme events based on the model properties (step 1), statistical features (step 2), and physical credibility of the extreme events (step 3). We illustrate these steps for a 2000 year Amazon monthly flood ensemble simulated by the global climate model EC-Earth and global hydrological model PCR-GLOBWB. EC-Earth and PCR-GLOBWB are adequate for large-scale catchments like the Amazon, and have simulated ‘unseen’ monthly floods far outside observed variability. We find that the realism of these simulations cannot be statistically explained. For example, there could be legitimate discrepancies between simulations and observations resulting from infrequent temporal compounding of multiple flood peaks, rarely seen in observations. Physical credibility checks are crucial to assessing their realism and show that the unseen Amazon monthly floods were generated by an unrealistic bias correction of precipitation. We conclude that there is high sensitivity of simulations outside observed variability to the bias correction method, and that physical credibility checks are crucial to understanding what is driving the simulated extreme events. Understanding the driving mechanisms of unseen events may guide future research by uncovering key climate model deficiencies. They may also play a vital role in helping decision makers to anticipate unseen impacts by detecting plausible drivers.
Increasing the reliability of energy system scenarios with integrated modelling: a review
Authors: Niet Taco , Arianpoo Nastaran , Kuling Kamaria , Wright Andrew S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Systems models are an important tool for policy and energy planning decisions. These models generally fall into one of three modelling paradigms: energy economy, capacity expansion or power sector planning. Recent work seeks to combine these paradigms into an integrated framework to leverage the benefits of different model types. There is also interest and research in representing more system interactions to expand the modelling nexus. However, this increases model complexity and risks creating more black box models that are not well understood or trusted by users or policymakers. To understand the trade-offs and best practices of using combined models, we review current modelling practices, including an overview of the different modelling paradigms in the literature, how combined modelling has been applied to date and how the nexus has been represented in different modelling applications. Building on the literature review, we held a series of expert elicitation workshops to gain insight from energy modelling domain experts who use combined models. Finally, we encapsulate these findings and best practices into a modelling evaluation framework. We find that while there is interest and research being done in these areas, there are no set standards for how to build these types of models, resulting in a wide range of practices. Increasing model complexity to develop fully hard-linked coupled models that are also trustworthy and transparent generally requires more time and resources than is worthwhile. Instead, the focus should be on avoiding black box models by having a clear modelling purpose and developing best practices that allow for clarity and transparency. Expanding the nexus to include attributes such as biodiversity and cultural security presents a challenge and representing them as a cost is not congruent to equitable policy. These aspects could be better incorporated into analysis using stakeholder debate and citizens’ assemblies.
Deformation analysis of soft ground treated with PVDs – A Numerical study
Authors: Abhinay Kumar C , Shiva Bhushan J Y V 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soft ground deforms in both vertical and lateral directions when subjected to loads. These soils need to consolidate and gain strength to further use it for different engineering applications. Prefabricated vertical drains are very efficient for deep soil deposits employed with preloading for ground improvement. In this paper, a case study of a container yard in Chittagong port, Bangladesh is used to investigate the characteristics of the soil and its response when they are incorporated with PVDs. Final settlements of 258 mm are predicted using the Asaoka method for 1 m c/c PVD spacing. Numerical analysis is carried out by FEM software Plaxis to evaluate the performance of the PVDs during the consolidation. Different spacing of PVDs is also considered for the study. Settlements of 258 mm and 205 mm are obtained for 1 m and 1.5 m c/c PVDs spacing at the end of 52 days. The present study investigates the variations of both vertical deformations and lateral deformations of soft ground treated with PVDs. Lateral displacements at the end of surcharge loading and surface settlements are calculated.
Development of the HCN heterodyne collective scattering system on J-TEXT
Authors: TAO Qinlin , SHI Peng , GAO Li , WANG Lu , CHEN Zhongyong , JIANG Zhonghe , ZHOU Yinan , YANG Chengyu , WANG Yuhan , CHEN Zhipeng , WANG Nengchao , YANG Zhoujun , DING Yonghua , PAN Yuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A heterodyne collective scattering system has been designed and developed to investigate the turbulent transport of core plasma on J-TEXT. A dual-HCN laser which consists of two separately pumped HCN gas lasers at 337 μm has been developed as the laser source of the scattering system. The intermediate frequency (IF) is ∼1 MHz when there is a 4 μm cavity length difference and capable to maintain stability more than 5 h without manual operation. Detection channels at three different angles (2 ≤ k
⊥ ≤ 12 cm−1) have been installed with Schottky barrier diode mixers of 893 GHz. The sampling frequency of the acquisition system is 6 MHz to observe low-frequency density fluctuations. Initial experimental results have been detected and more results can be expected in future experiments.
A Novel Approach for Tuberous Breast Correction Using Power-Assisted Liposuction, Loops, and Lipofilling (PALLL)
Authors: Abboud Marwan H , Abboud Nicolas M , El Hajj Hiba 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutologous fat grafting has recently gained popularity in breast and reconstructive procedures.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper was to describe a tricomposite tuberous breast reconstruction that comprises matrix dissociation through extensive tunnelization, tissue recruitment with loops, and autologous fat transfer. This approach, called “matrix modeling,” was implemented by the power-assisted liposuction, loops, and lipofilling (PALLL) technique as a method to expand the lower pole, reshape the breast, and increase breast volume.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2020, a total of 47 patients underwent tuberous breast correction by combined lipofilling and the use of breast loops. The patient population included patients with unilateral or bilateral tuberous breasts of any stage. Patients who were active smokers, lean, or who desired large breasts were excluded from the study.ResultsOf the 47 patients (mean age, 26 years), 31 had bilateral malformations. The mean recruited flap volume was 212 mL. A single session (mean transfer volume, 163 mL) was required in 34 cases (72%). A second session (mean transfer volume, 182 mL) was necessary in the remaining 28% of cases. Patients were very satisfied in 93% of cases and satisfied in 7% of cases. One infection was observed. The mean operative time was 67 minutes. Imaging performed preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively did not reveal any anomalies other than oil cysts (4%).ConclusionsTricomposite breast reconstruction by PALLL is a novel, simple, safe, and alternative technique for tuberous breast correction by remodeling the matrix. The aesthetic outcome is natural, implant free, and long lasting.Level of Evidence: 4
Evaluating the impact of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy with tolvaptan to monitor liver safety in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Estilo Alvin , Tracy LaRee , Matthews Carol , Riggen Michele , Stemhagen Annette , Wilt Timothy , Krakovich Anatoliy , Jones-Burton Charlotte , George Vinu , McQuade Robert , Rahman Mirza 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundOn approval of JYNARQUE (tolvaptan) for use in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) at risk for rapid progression, the US Food and Drug Administration required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) from the sponsor, which includes collection of post marketing liver safety data.MethodsThis is a retrospective interim analysis of the ongoing REMS. The period evaluated was from REMS implementation (14 May 2018) at tolvaptan commercialization to the analysis cutoff date (23 February 2021). Patients were previously tolvaptan-naïve and initiated tolvaptan in the post marketing setting. Reports of possible severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI) were evaluated for severity based on the evidence obtained (e.g. liver enzyme levels, symptoms, diagnostic tests and event outcomes). The incidence of DILI was compared between the REMS and tolvaptan clinical trials in ADPKD.ResultsAmong 6711 REMS patients, 60 (0.9%) cases of possible severe DILI were reported, 4 of which were confirmed as serious and potentially fatal by the sponsor. One of these four patients met Hy's law criteria. In all four patients, liver enzymes normalized after tolvaptan discontinuation. The duration of tolvaptan exposure in the REMS is currently shorter than in completed clinical trials, but within this limitation, the incidence of possible severe DILI was lower in the REMS than in clinical trials (incidence rate ratio 0.587; P = .000411).ConclusionsIn interim data on &gt;6000 tolvaptan REMS patients, &lt;1% experienced possible severe DILI. Monthly monitoring, as described in the tolvaptan prescribing information, enables the prompt detection of liver enzyme abnormalities and appropriate drug discontinuation.
Snow-Covered Tires Generate Microhabitats That Enhance Overwintering Survival of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Midwest, USA
Authors: Susong Katie M , Tucker Bradley J , Bron Gebienna M , Irwin Patrick , Kirsch John Mitchell , Vimont Daniel , Stone Chris , Paskewitz Susan M , Bartholomay Lyric C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is a public health threat because it can potentially transmit multiple pathogenic arboviruses, exhibits aggressive diurnal biting, and is highly invasive. As Ae. albopictus moved northward into the United States, the limits of expansion were predicted as locations with a mean January temperature warmer than −2.5°C. We postulated that the range of Ae. albopictus could exceed these temperature limits if eggs in diapause overwinter in tires that provide an insulating effect from extreme temperatures. Fifteen tires with Ae. albopictus and Aedes triseriatus (Say) eggs, a native cold hardy species, were placed outside at five locations along a latitudinal gradient in Wisconsin and Illinois during the winter of 2018–2019; notably, in January 2019, a regional arctic air event brought the lowest temperatures recorded in over 20 yr. External and internal tire temperatures were recorded at 3 hr intervals, and egg survival was recorded after six months. Aedes albopictus eggs survived only from tires at northernmost locations. The mean internal January temperature of tires that supported survival was −1.8°C, while externally the mean temperature was −5.3°C, indicating that tires provided an average of +3.5°C of insulation. Tires that supported egg survival also had over 100 mm of snow cover during January. In the absence of snow cover, tires across the study area provided an average +0.79°C [95% CI 0.34–1.11] insulation. This work provides strong argument for the inclusion of microhabitats in models of dispersal and establishment of Ae. albopictus and other vector species.
Evaluation of the 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines in pre-existing right bundle branch block patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a balloon-expandable valve
Authors: Isogai Toshiaki , Dykun Iryna , Agrawal Ankit , Shekhar Shashank , Tarakji Khaldoun G , Wazni Oussama M , Kalra Ankur , Krishnaswamy Amar , Reed Grant W , Kapadia Samir R , Puri Rishi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
The 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend early pacemaker implantation in pre-existing right bundle branch block (RBBB) patients who develop PR prolongation or QRS axis change after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We aimed to evaluate this recommendation in TAVI recipients with a balloon-expandable valve (BEV).

Methods and results
We retrospectively reviewed 188 pre-existing RBBB patients without pre-existing permanent pacemaker (PPM) who underwent TAVI with a BEV at our institution in 2015–19. Patients who developed high-degree atrioventricular block (HAVB) during TAVI or within 24 h post-TAVI were excluded. Eligible patients were divided according to the guideline-directed criteria (ΔPR interval ≥20 ms and/or QRS axis change). Patients who met the criteria (n = 102, 54.3%), compared with those who did not (n = 86), had a higher prevalence of baseline right axis deviation and were more likely to have received a larger valve with greater oversizing. The 30-day delayed HAVB rate did not differ significantly between the groups (3.9% vs. 4.7%, P = 1.00; odds ratio = 0.84, 95% confidence interval = 0.20–3.45). There was also no significant difference in terms of death (5.0% vs. 8.4% at 1 year; overall log-rank P = 0.94) or a composite of death or PPM implantation (14.8% vs. 16.6% at 1 year; overall log-rank P = 0.94) during follow-up post-TAVI. The majority of PR prolongations (79.4%) and QRS axis changes (52.0%) regressed within the following 24 h.

Conclusion
The present data did not demonstrate an association of significant changes in PR interval or QRS axis with heightened delayed HAVB risk in BEV recipients with pre-existing RBBB. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Measurement of stress amongst working adults with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Zhanay Jessie , Leon Alejandra , Scott Lela , Arabadjian Milla 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of increased disability from work worldwide. Chronic stress including work-related stressors influences cardiovascular health. The purpose of this study was to assess stress levels amongst workers with CVD. The specific aims were to: (i) evaluate associations of the biological marker—hair cortisol concentration (HCC) with perceived stress and (ii) examine associations of HCC and perceived stress with sociodemographic factors and work-related factors.

Methods and results
This cross-sectional descriptive study (n = 75) of employed adults (≥ 21 age) with CVD assessed perceived stress, work-related factors including workplace support, job control, job strain, and work-life balance using valid and reliable instruments. Hair cortisol concentration was measured using collected hair samples. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, correlational, and ANOVA analysis. The sample was 64% female; 80% are White, 8% African American, 4% Asian, and 8% Hispanic; mean 12 years with CVD diagnosis. Hair cortisol concentration was significantly correlated with workplace support by co-workers (r = −0.328, P = 0.012), supervisors (r = −0.260, P = 0.05), and skill discretion (−0.297, r = 0.047) but not perceived stress. Those with better work-life balance had lower HCC (F = 3.077, P = 0.054) and lower perceived stress (F = 10.320, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Although this sample of working adults with CVD reported high levels of perceived stress; only work-related factors were significantly associated with HCC. These results suggest that there are work-related stressors that cut across jobs and workplaces that may contribute to chronic stress in working adults. Healthcare providers across clinical and occupational settings have an important role in addressing work-related stress in working adults with CVD.
“A fly appeared”: sable, a classic Drosophila mutation, maps to Yippee, a gene affecting body color, wings, and bristles
Authors: Dean Derek M , Deitcher David L , Paster Caleigh O , Xu Manting , Loehlin David W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insect body color is an easily assessed and visually engaging trait that is informative on a broad range of topics including speciation, biomaterial science, and ecdysis. Mutants of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have been an integral part of body color research for more than a century. As a result of this long tenure, backlogs of body color mutations have remained unmapped to their genes, all while their strains have been dutifully maintained, used for recombination mapping, and part of genetics education. Stemming from a lesson plan in our undergraduate genetics class, we have mapped sable1, a dark body mutation originally described by Morgan and Bridges, to Yippee, a gene encoding a predicted member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Deficiency/duplication mapping, genetic rescue, DNA and cDNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and 2 new CRISPR alleles indicated that sable1 is a hypomorphic Yippee mutation due to an mdg4 element insertion in the Yippee 5′-UTR. Further analysis revealed additional Yippee mutant phenotypes including curved wings, ectopic/missing bristles, delayed development, and failed adult emergence. RNAi of Yippee in the ectoderm phenocopied sable body color and most other Yippee phenotypes. Although Yippee remains functionally uncharacterized, the results presented here suggest possible connections between melanin biosynthesis, copper homeostasis, and Notch/Delta signaling; in addition, they provide insight into past studies of sable cell nonautonomy and of the genetic modifier suppressor of sable.
Keel bone damage affects behavioral and physiological responses related to stress and fear in two strains of laying hens
Authors: Wei Haidong , Feng Yanru , Ding Susu , Nian Haoyang , Yu Hanlin , Zhao Qian , Bao Jun , Zhang Runxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKeel bone damage (KBD) is more prevalent in alternative laying hen housing systems than in conventional cages, and its incidence differs from strain to strain. However, the information of KBD in Lindian chickens, a native Chinese strain, is limited. To investigate the effect of KBD on fearfulness and physiological indicators of stress in Lindian chickens and commercial laying hens, a total of two hundred 25-wk-old chickens (100 Hy-line Brown and 100 Lindian chickens) were studied for 7 wk. The birds were housed in furnished cages with 10 birds per cage for each strain. At 32-wk of age, the birds in each strain were divided into normal (NK), deviated (DK), and fractured (FK) hens according to the keel bone status. Ten birds in each keel bone status per strain were subsequently selected to collect blood for the determination of stress and fear-related indicators, including corticosterone, serotonin, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, and measure fear responses, including novel object test (NOT), human approach test (HAT), and tonic immobility (TI) test. The results showed that egg production was lower and the incidence of keel bone fractures was higher in Lindian chickens than in Hy-line Brown hens (P &lt; 0.05). Lindian chickens showed a significantly increased whole blood serotonin content, NOT-latency, HAT-score, and TI induction times (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased serum interleukin-6 content and TI-duration (P &lt; 0.05) compared with Hy-line Brown hens. Additionally, FK hens had significantly elevated whole blood corticosterone, serum interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels, TI-duration, and NOT-latency (P &lt; 0.05), and a reduced whole blood serotonin content (P &lt; 0.05) compared with NK and DK hens. Our results indicated that KBD affected stress and fear responses, and this impact was mainly reflected by FK hens compared with NK and DK hens. We suggest that keel bone fractures are the main factor impairing hen welfare. Besides, the incidence of keel bone fractures and stress and fear responses of Lindian chickens are more severe than Hy-line Brown laying hens, indicating that the strain type can affect the health and welfare of laying hens.
Regulation of the urea cycle by CPS1O-GlcNAcylation in response to dietary restriction and aging
Authors: Wu Jing , Liu Jiayu , Lapenta Kalina , Desrouleaux Reina , Li Min-Dian , Yang Xiaoyong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractO-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of intracellular proteins is a dynamic process broadly implicated in age-related disease, yet it remains uncharacterized whether and how O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the natural aging process. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and the opposing enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) control this nutrient-sensing protein modification in cells. Here, we show that global O-GlcNAc levels are increased in multiple tissues of aged mice. In aged liver, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is among the most heavily O-GlcNAcylated proteins. CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation is reversed by calorie restriction and is sensitive to genetic and pharmacological manipulations of the O-GlcNAc pathway. High glucose stimulates CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation and inhibits CPS1 activity. Liver-specific deletion of OGT potentiates CPS1 activity and renders CPS1 irresponsive to further stimulation by a prolonged fasting. Our results identify CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation as a key nutrient-sensing regulatory step in the urea cycle during aging and dietary restriction, implying a role for mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation in nutritional regulation of longevity.