bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of overland flow modelling hypotheses with a multi‐objective calibration using discharge and sediment data
Authors: de Lavenne Alban , Lindström Göran , Strömqvist Johan , Pers Charlotta , Bartosova Alena , Arheimer Berit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConceptual hydrological models can move towards process‐oriented modelling when addressing broader issues than discharge modelling alone. For instance, water quality modelling generally requires understanding of both pathways and travel times which might not be easily identified because observations at the outlet aggregate all processes at the catchment scale. In this study we tested if adding a second kind of observation, specifically sediment data, can help distinguish overland flow from total discharge. We applied a multi‐objective calibration on both discharge and suspended sediment concentration simulation performance to the World‐Wide Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE) model for 111 catchments spread over the USA. Results show that in comparison to two calibrations made one after the other, the multi‐objective calibration leads to a significant improvement on the simulation performance of suspended sediments without a significant impact on the performance of discharge. New modelling hypotheses for overland flow calculations are proposed and resulted in similar discharge performances as the original one but with fewer parameters, which reduces equifinality and can prevent unwarranted model complexity in data‐poor areas.
Antimony fluoride (SbF3): A potent hole suppressor for tin(II)‐halide perovskite devices
Authors: Liu Ao , Zhu Huihui , Kim Soonhyo , Reo Youjin , Kim Yong‐Sung , Bai Sai , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTin (Sn2+)‐based halide perovskites have been developed as the most promising alternatives to their toxic Pb‐based counterparts in optoelectronic devices. However, the facile tin vacancy formation and easy oxidization characteristics make Sn2+‐based perovskites highly p‐doped with excessive hole concentrations, which significantly hinder their applications. Herein, we demonstrate a potent hole inhibitor of antimony fluoride (SbF3), which possesses a higher hole‐suppression capability than conventional tin fluoride (SnF2). A small amount of SbF3 allows a wide range of hole‐density modulation with no or less SnF2 addition, thus mitigating the negative effects of using only SnF2. A SnF2/SbF3 co‐additive approach was further developed to achieve high‐performance Sn2+ perovskite thin‐film transistors operated in the enhancement mode with a five‐fold enhancement of the field‐effect mobility and improved operational stability compared to using only SnF2. We expect that the SbF3 hole suppressor and co‐additive approach can provide opportunities for the development of high‐efficiency Sn2+‐perovskite optoelectronic devices.image
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Acute Fracture Healing: A Phase II Screening Randomized Double‐Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Slobogean Gerard P. , Bzovsky Sofia , O'Hara Nathan N. , Marchand Lucas S. , Hannan Zachary D. , Demyanovich Haley K. , Connelly Daniel W. , Adachi Jonathan D. , Thabane Lehana , Sprague Sheila ,   the Vita‐Shock Investigators
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTNearly half of adult fracture patients are vitamin D deficient (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels <20 ng/mL). Many surgeons advocate prescribing vitamin D supplements to improve fracture healing outcomes; however, data supporting the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplements to improve acute fracture healing are lacking. We tested the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation for improving tibia and femur fracture healing. We conducted a single‐center, double‐blinded phase II screening randomized controlled trial with a 12‐month follow‐up. Patients aged 18–50 years receiving an intramedullary nail for a tibia or femoral shaft fracture were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive (i) 150,000 IU loading dose vitamin D3 at injury and 6 weeks (n = 27); (ii) 4000 IU vitamin D3 daily (n = 24); (iii) 600 IU vitamin D3 daily (n = 24); or (iv) placebo (n = 27). Primary outcomes were clinical fracture healing (Function IndeX for Trauma [FIX‐IT]) and radiographic fracture healing (Radiographic Union Score for Tibial fractures [RUST]) at 3 months. One hundred two patients with a mean age of 29 years (standard deviation 8) were randomized. The majority were male (69%), and 56% were vitamin D3 deficient at baseline. Ninety‐nine patients completed the 3‐month follow‐up. In our prespecified comparisons, no clinically important or statistically significant differences were detected in RUST or FIX‐IT scores between groups when measured at 3 months and over 12 months. However, in a post hoc comparison, high doses of vitamin D3 were associated with improved clinical fracture healing relative to placebo at 3 months (mean difference [MD] 0.90, 80% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 1.79; p = 0.16) and within 12 months (MD 0.89, 80% CI, 0.05 to 1.74; p = 0.18). The study was designed to identify potential evidence to support the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation in improving acute fracture healing. Vitamin D3 supplementation, particularly high doses, might modestly improve acute tibia or femoral shaft fracture healing in healthy adults, but confirmatory studies are required. The Vita‐Shock trial was awarded the Orthopaedic Trauma Association's (OTA) Bovill Award in 2020. This award is presented annually to the authors of the most outstanding OTA Annual Meeting scientific paper. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Analysis of the adiponectin paradox in healthy older people
Authors: Walowski Carina O. , Herpich Catrin , Enderle Janna , Braun Wiebke , Both Marcus , Hasler Mario , Müller Manfred J. , Norman Kristina , Bosy‐Westphal Anja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unknown why adiponectin levels are associated with poor physical functioning, skeletal muscle mass and increased mortality in older populations.MethodsIn 190 healthy adults (59–86 years, BMI 17–37 kg/m2, 56.8% female), whole body skeletal muscle mass (normalized by height, SMI, kg/m2), muscle and liver fat were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were assessed by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (n = 135). Levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), insulin, inflammation markers, leptin and fibroblast growth factor 21 were measured as potential determinants of the relationship between adiponectin and body composition.ResultsHigher adiponectin levels were associated with a lower SMI (r = −0.23, P < 0.01), BMC (r = −0.17, P < 0.05) and liver fat (r = −0.20, P < 0.05) in the total population and with higher muscle fat in women (r = 0.27, P < 0.01). By contrast, IGF‐1 showed positive correlations with SMI (r = 0.33), BMD (r = 0.37) and BMC (r = 0.33) (all P < 0.01) and a negative correlation with muscle fat (r = −0.17, P < 0.05). IGF‐1 was negatively associated with age (r = −0.21, P < 0.01) and with adiponectin (r = −0.15, P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analyses revealed that IGF‐1, insulin and leptin explained 18% of the variance in SMI, and IGF‐1, leptin and age explained 16% of the variance in BMC, whereas adiponectin did not contribute to these models.ConclusionsAssociations between higher adiponectin levels and lower muscle or bone mass in healthy older adults may be explained by a decrease in IGF‐1 with increasing adiponectin levels.
Are cyanobacteria a nearly immortal source of high market value compounds?
Authors: Macário Ines PE , Veloso Telma , Fernandes Andreia PM , Martins Margarida , Frankenbach Silja , Serôdio João , Gonçalves Fernando JM , Ventura Sónia PM , Pereira Joana L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhen the human population increases, so does the need to explore a wider range of feedstocks and biomasses, such as cyanobacteria. However, a deeper understanding of the growth patterns and pigment production is required to support the selection of the most beneficial species and conditions for industrial production. The growth and pigment production (i.e., chlorophyll a and C‐phycocyanin) of three cyanobacterium species were evaluated following a three‐fold aim. The first goal was to compare among a species commonly selected for exploitation (Arthrospira platensis) and two alternative species (Anabaena cylindrica and Nostoc muscorum). The second goal was analyzing pigment production in the long‐term. The last goal involved comparing different methods (spectrophotometry and fluorimetry) to understand whether there is an appropriate proxy of biomass increase and pigment production that can be used for monitoring purposes.RESULTSAll species showed high longevity and proved capable of growing for more than 100 days without any additional supplementation. However, the maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv /Fm ) revealed that their photosynthetic efficiency varied over time with a clear decrease after 2 months. Pigment analysis showed a heterogeneous pattern during the growth periods of all three species that could only be captured by the parameter Fv /Fm, but the pattern was only present for A. cylindrica and N. muscorum in some stages of the culture period.CONCLUSIONN. muscorum was found to be the best chlorophyll a and C‐phycocyanin producer, with the production peaking for all species at defined time periods within the growth profile. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Role of oxidative stress in modulating CHO cell culture performance: Impact on titer and quality attributes of a monoclonal antibody therapeutic
Authors: Kaur Rajinder , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe enormous success of antibody therapeutics has resulted in attempts to enhance protein expression which requisites high energy demand which leads to oxidative stress as characterized by significant levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbing many cellular functions. This study delineates the mechanistic role of oxidants and ROS scavengers in relation to cell viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as critical quality attributes such as charge heterogeneity.RESULTSAddition of ROS scavengers such as glutathione, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid to culture result in decreased levels of ROS (52%), increased MMP (47%) and viable cell populations (42%), as well as reduced cell apoptosis (69%) and a decrease in lysosome activity (38%). These effects rescue cells from damage caused by oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation during the production phase. Cells use the peroxiredoxin reductive pathway for regulation of ROS levels in response to oxidative stress environments. Enzymes involved in ROS reduction were found to be significantly high in antioxidant‐treated cells. Treatment with oxidants resulted in decreased titer (47%) and an increase in acidic species (18%), whereas addition of antioxidants resulted in enhancement of titer (38%) as well as abundance in basic variants (24%) of recombinant IgG1.CONCLUSIONAntioxidants improve cell culture performance by alleviating the viable cell pool through activating the intracellular reductive mechanism for maintaining high ∆ᴪm, thus reducing apoptosis and enhancing antibody production. Media supplementation with a combination of antioxidants during the production phase is likely to enhance antibody titer and quality. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The effect of perinatal interventions on parent anxiety, infant socio‐emotional development and parent‐infant relationship outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Smith Celia G. , Jones Emily J. H. , Wass Sam V. , Jacobs Dean , Fitzpatrick Cassie , Charman Tony 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfants of parents with perinatal anxiety are at elevated likelihood of experiencing disruption in the parent‐infant relationship, as well as difficulties with socio‐emotional functioning in later development. Interventions delivered in the perinatal period have the potential to protect the early dyadic relationship and support infants’ ongoing development and socio‐emotional outcomes. This review primarily aimed to examine the efficacy of perinatal interventions on parent anxiety, infant socio‐emotional development/temperament, and parent‐infant relationship outcomes. Secondarily, the review sought to understand how interventions focused principally on one member of the dyad affected the outcomes of the other, and which intervention components were common to successful interventions.MethodFive electronic databases as well as manual search procedures were used to identify randomised controlled trials according to a PICO eligibility criteria framework. Risk of bias assessments were undertaken, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. The review was pre‐registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021254799).ResultsTwelve studies were analysed in total, including five interventions focused on the adult, and seven interventions focused on the infant, or the infant’s relationship with their parent. Interventions incorporating cognitive behavioural strategies for affective disorders showed reductions in parent anxiety (N = 3), and interventions focusing on altering distorted maternal internal representations showed positive change in parent‐child dyadic interactions, and infant outcomes (N = 2). Evidence that interventions focused on one partner of the dyad led to improved outcomes for the other partner was limited. However, evidence was of mixed methodological quality.ConclusionsIt is important to integrate both parents and infants into treatment programmes for perinatal anxiety. Implications for clinical practice and future intervention trials are discussed.
Characterization and analysis of linear epitopes corresponding to SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Gao Wenying , Li Zhaolong , Guan Qingtian , Cui Wenzhe , Zheng Baishong , Ding Qiang , Lv Guoyue , Xu Jiancheng , Zhang Wenyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its variants have caused hundreds of thousands of deaths and shown serious social influence worldwide. Jilin Province, China, experienced the first wave of the outbreak from December 2020 to February 2021. Here, we analyzed the genomic characteristics of the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in Jilin province using a phylogeographic tree and found that clinical isolates belonged to the B.1 lineage, which was considered to be the ancestral lineage. Several dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 specific linear B cell epitopes that reacted with the convalescent sera were also analysed and identified using a peptide microarray composed of S, M, and E proteins. Moreover, the serum of convalescent patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 showed neutralizing activity against four widely spreading SARS‐CoV‐2 variants; however, significant differences were observed in neutralizing activities against different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. These data provide important information on genomic characteristics, linear epitopes, and neutralizing activity of SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in Jilin Province, China, which may aid in understanding disease patterns and regional aspects of the pandemic.
Efficacy Assessment and Analysis of Related Factors of Ultrasound‐Guided Percutaneous Lauromacrogol Injection for Cystic Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Gao Kan , Dai Weide , Wang Feiliang , He Shurong 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the short‐term and long‐term efficacy of sclerotherapy for cystic thyroid nodules.MethodsNinety‐nine cystic thyroid nodules that underwent ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, detection of thyroglobulin in fine needle aspirate (Tg‐FNA), and ultrasound‐guided percutaneous lauromacrogol injection were retrospectively enrolled from July 2018 to July 2021. All nodules were followed up at 3 and 12 months after the procedure. Factors related to lauromacrogol injection efficacy, including initial volume, vascularity, pathological types, and Tg‐FNA level, were analyzed. The nodules were classified as non‐effective (VRR <50%) and effective groups (VRR ≥50%) at 3 months to evaluate short‐term prognosis, and non‐cured (VRR <90%) and cured groups (VRR ≥90%) at 12 months to evaluate long‐term prognosis.ResultsThe volume of cystic thyroid nodules tended to shrink during follow‐up. The resolution rate was 79.80% (79/99) at 3 months and 96.91% (94/97) at 12 months. The cure rate was 80.41% (78/97) at 12 months. Independent factors for the long‐term prognosis included Tg‐FNA level and vascularity (P < .05). Only Tg‐FNA level was an independent factor for the short‐term prognosis (P < .05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for assessing the efficacy at 3 months was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–0.89). With a cutoff value of Tg‐FNA 126.92 ng/mL, the specificity was 0.70, and the sensitivity was 0.85.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided percutaneous lauromacrogol injection is an effective treatment option for cystic thyroid nodules. It is less effective in viscous or vascular predominantly cystic nodules.
Nest survival and productivity of translocated and resident burrowing owls in Arizona
Authors: Doublet Dejeanne , Johnson David H. , Abadi Fitsum , Desmond Martha J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDevelopment activities associated with urbanization can directly displace animals, causing high mortality and dispersal rates. Wildlife managers have attempted to mitigate the impacts of development on burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), a species susceptible to ground‐disturbing activities, by translocating them away from areas slated for development. In this study, we evaluated the effects of translocation on burrowing owl reproduction by comparing nest survival and productivity of owls involved in an ongoing translocation program in Arizona, USA, with that of resident owls. We used nest survival models to evaluate differences in nest survival and generalized linear models with Poisson error to assess differences in productivity. In 2017, cumulative nest survival (CNS) was lower among current‐year translocated owls (i.e., owls translocated within the last year; CNS = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.51) compared to non‐translocated resident owls (0.83, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.94), but CNS was similar between previously translocated owls (i.e., those translocated >1 yr ago, CNS = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.64, 0.98) and residents. Likewise, in 2018, CNS was lower for current‐year translocated owls (CNS = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.00, 0.24) compared to residents (CNS = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50, 0.87) and previously translocated owls (CNS = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.90). Productivity was significantly lower for current‐year translocated owls ( = 0.5 fledglings/nest) compared to residents ( = 2.4 fledglings/nest) and previously translocated owls ( = 1.5 fledglings/nest) across sites and years. With the current methods of translocation, owls had poor reproductive success in the first year after release, but if they survived 2 years after release, they had similar nest survival and productivity compared to residents. Our results demonstrate that the current practice of releasing translocated burrowing owls in the Phoenix, Arizona area during the breeding season depresses reproduction and should be substantially changed. Nest survival was low and this was mainly attributed to nest establishment of translocated owls within release tents (acclimation structures used in translocations that involve soft release) where 85% of nests failed following tent removal. Translocation approaches that reflect a closer fit to the timing and behavior of the species should be tested to determine whether they result in better success. In particular, future studies should examine the translocation results of releasing owls as male‐female pairs or single birds during the nonbreeding period.
Synthesis of Novel (bis‐)1,5‐Disubstituted‐1H‐tetrazole‐Decorated Monomers and Their Respective Polymers via Thiol‐ene Polymerization
Authors: Akdemir Meryem S. , Simian Marina , Theato Patrick , Mutlu Hatice 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the years, nitrogen‐rich functional groups like tetrazole and its derivatives have received increasing interest in the chemistry of small molecules. There is a continuously growing interest in polymers decorated with nitrogen for potential biomedical applications because of their broad range of biological properties, such as being antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and anti‐inflammatory. On this premise, a new synthesis route is reported for nitrogen‐decorated polymers via the combination of Ugi‐azide four‐multicomponent reaction (UA‐4MCR) and thiol‐ene polymerization. Accordingly, α,ω‐diene monomers decorated with (bis‐)1,5‐disubstituted‐1H‐tetrazoles (bis‐1,5‐DS‐Ts) are synthesized by using the UA‐4MCR. Subsequently, the light‐induced thiol‐ene polymerization facilitates the efficient synthesis of novel tetrazole‐decorated polymers with apparent number average molecular mass (Mn) up to 62 000 g mol−1, which are characterized for their chemical, thermal, and optical properties. The comprehensive characterization of the synthesized polymers is paving the way toward a wealth of opportunities, ranging from biomaterials to energy storage−relevant materials.
Holothuria leucospilota Polysaccharides Improve Immunity and the Gut Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide‐Treated Immunosuppressed Mice
Authors: Zhao Fuqiang , Ma Tingting , Zhang Xin , Zhao Qiancheng , Zhu Kexue , Cao Jun , Liu Zhongyuan , Shen Xuanri , Li Chuan 
Published: November 2022

ScopeImmunosuppression is one of the major risk factors for a series of diseases, such as tumor, rheumatoid arthritis, and microbial infection. Various natural products have attracted wide attention due to their immunomodulatory activities. Herein, the study investigates the regulation of Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP) in immunosuppressed mice.Methods and resultsEight‐week‐old female BALB/c mice are injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (80 mg kg−1 body weight day−1) to establish the immunosuppressive model. After 12 days of HLP treatment, the immune organ indexes, serum cytokines, and immunoglobulin levels are significantly increased in immunosuppressed mice (p < 0.05). Real‐time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis find that HLP improves the immune factors, T‐cell markers, and Toll‐like receptors (TLR) pathway‐related proteins expression. Simultaneously, HLP significantly increases the short‐chain fatty acids concentration and regulates the gut microbiota composition (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the metagenomics analysis shows that HLP increases the levels of functional genes involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and growth activity of the gut microbiota.ConclusionHLP intervention improves the mice's immune function, and the beneficial effects are closely associated with intestinal homeostasis regulation and TLR pathway activation. This study suggests the potential for HLP as prebiotics in novel immunopotentiators development.