bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjustments in physiological and morphological traits suggest drought‐induced competitive release of some California plants
Authors: Luong Justin C. , Loik Michael E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrought and competition affect how morphological and physiological traits are expressed in plants. California plants were previously found to respond less negatively to resource limitation compared to invasive counterparts. In a glasshouse in Santa Cruz, CA, USA, we exposed five native California C3 grassland species to episodic drought and competition (via five locally invasive species). We hypothesized that leaf morphology would be more affected by competition, and leaf photosynthetic gas exchange more so by drought, consistent with optimal partitioning and environmental filter theories. We expected that traits would exhibit trade‐offs along a spectrum for resource conservatism versus acquisition. Bromus carinatus had greater photosynthetic recovery, while Diplacus aurantiacus had lower percent loss of net assimilation (PLA) and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) during drought and competition simultaneously compared to just drought. Stipa pulchra and Sidalcea malviflora gas exchange was unaffected by drought, and leaf morphology exhibited drought‐related adjustments. Lupinus nanus exhibited trait adjustments for competition but not drought. Functional traits sorted onto two principal components related to trade‐offs for resource conservatism versus acquisition, and for above‐ versus belowground allocation. In summary, morphological traits were affected by competition and drought, whereas physiological traits, like leaf gas exchange, were primarily affected by drought. The grassland plants we studied showed diverse responses to drought and competition with trait trade‐offs related to resource conservatism versus acquisition, and for above‐ versus belowground allocation consistent with optimal partitioning and environmental filter theories. Diplacus aurantiacus experienced competitive release based on greater iWUE and lower PLA when facing drought and competition.
Reduced visitation to buzz‐pollinated Cyanella hyacinthoides in the presence of other pollen sources in the hyperdiverse Cape Floristic Region
Authors: Kemp Jurene E. , Telles Francismeire J. , Vallejo‐Marín Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany plant species have floral morphologies that restrict access to floral resources, such as pollen or nectar, and only a subset of floral visitors can perform the handling behaviors required to extract restricted resources. Due to the time and energy required to extract resources from morphologically complex flowers, these plant species potentially compete for pollinators with co‐flowering plants that have more easily accessible resources. A widespread floral mechanism restricting access to pollen is the presence of tubular anthers that open through small pores or slits (poricidal anthers). Some bees have evolved the capacity to remove pollen from poricidal anthers using vibrations, giving rise to the phenomenon of buzz‐pollination. These bee vibrations that are produced for pollen extraction are presumably energetically costly, and to date, few studies have investigated whether buzz‐pollinated flowers may be at a disadvantage when competing for pollinators’ attention with plant species that present unrestricted pollen resources. Here, we studied Cyanella hyacinthoides (Tecophilaeaceae), a geophyte with poricidal anthers in the hyperdiverse Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, to assess how the composition and relative abundance of flowers with easily accessible pollen affect bee visitation to a buzz‐pollinated plant. We found that the number of pollinator species of C. hyacinthoides was not influenced by community composition. However, visitation rates to C. hyacinthoides were reduced when the relative abundances of flowers with more accessible resources were high. Visitation rates were strongly associated with petal color, showing that flower color is important in mediating these interactions. We conclude that buzz‐pollinated plants might be at a competitive disadvantage when many easily accessible pollen sources are available, particularly when competitor species share its floral signals.
How weak twining lianas adapt to competition with host tree trunks: Case of Merremia boisiana
Authors: Hu Liang , Lin Yuwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFierce competition exists between most stem‐twining lianas and the trunks of host trees. However, Merremia boisiana, a vigorous invasive twining liana, never strangles the host tree. Here, we investigated how M. boisiana stems adjust their twining growth to avoid intense competition with host trees, and how hydraulic conductivity is maintained for rapid asexual reproduction. We evaluated the effects of competition on twining M. boisiana stems (Em) and host tree trunks (Eh), compared differences in secondary growth between twining and creeping M. boisiana stems, calculated the total number of vessels (Nt), vessel density (Vmm−2), average vessel diameter (VDave), and percentage of vessels wider than 300 μm in diameter (P300) in the secondary xylem, and traced how these parameters change with increasing cross‐sectional area of stem (SA). The results showed that twining M. boisiana stems were competitively weaker, and mean Em (14.3%) was 21 times greater than that of Eh (0.7%). Secondary growth along the normal direction of the contact surface was significantly inhibited in stems twining on host trees. The lateral secondary growth of these stems was active, forming secondary vascular rings and/or arcs with abundant large vessels. Secondary growth in the central vascular cylinder was also significantly limited in extremely flat twining stems. Nt was positively and linearly correlated with SA. Vmm−2 and VDave fluctuated greatly in younger stems and tended to be stable in older stems. Nt and Vmm−2 did not significantly differ between twining and creeping stems, while VDave and P300 were both higher in twining stems compared to creeping stems of the same size. In conclusion, well‐developed lateral anomalous secondary growth prevents twining M. boisiana stems from fiercely competing with their host trees, while stable vessel density and wider, newly formed, vessels ensured sufficient hydraulic conductivity for the rapid asexual reproduction of twining M. boisiana stems.
Water‐Promoted Michael Addition Reaction of Sulfonyl Hydrazides and α, β‐Unsaturated Propionic Acids to 3‐Sulfone Propionic Acids
Authors: Qi Zhiyuan , Liu Yifan , Zhang Qilong , Zhao Panfeng , Gao Lingfeng , Sun Xu , Zheng Gengxiu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA water‐promoted synthesis methodology for constructing 3‐sulfone propionic acids from sulfonyl hydrazides and α, β‐unsaturated propionic acids with excellent yields were reported. The green synthesis methodology was promoted by water without any catalyst, ligand and organic solvent. The D2O control experiment sufficiently proved that the 2‐hydrogen atom of 3‐sulfone propionic acid come from water. Moreover, the 3‐sulfone propionic acid derivates could be directly purified by crystallization without column chromatography.
Fast Heating‐Assisted One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Sulfonylation and Sulfochlorination of Styrenes
Authors: Saavedra‐Olavarría Jorge , Hermosilla‐Ibáñez Patricio , Almodóvar Iriux , Pérez Edwin G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHere, a strategy for the synthesis under fast‐heating conditions of vinyl sulfones and β‐chlorosulfones from styrene derivatives, tosyl chloride (TsCl) as sulfonyl and chlorine source, and CuBr‐neocuproine as the catalytic system is reported. The reaction occurs through an atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) mechanism to generate the sulfochlorinated adducts followed by E2 elimination to generate the vinyl sulfones. This methodology allows a wide range of vinyl sulfones and β‐chlorosulfones to be obtained using inexpensive reagents in one and five minutes respectively. These reactions appear as an interesting fast and easy‐to‐handle alternative to obtain these compounds.
Fabrication of a Label‐free Femtomolar Electrochemical Mercury Ion Biosensor Based on Oligonucleotide Receptor Layers Hybridized with Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Pal Chittatosh , Majumder Subrata 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe feasibility of designing a highly selective and sensitive label‐free cost‐effective biosensor to determine Hg2+ions using gold electrodes functionalized with short‐chain, thymine‐rich, ss‐DNA oligonucleotides wrapped MWNTs is examined. The potassium ferricyanide was used as a redox marker for analytical signal generation. Biosensor response was based on the difference in the electrochemical signal before and after subjecting it to a sample containing Hg2+ions. The lowest detection limit of 1 femtomolar (fM) of mercury ions was observed in the aqueous medium, together with good selectivity against common metal cations. The method developed was successfully applied for the determination of Hg2+ions in environmental waste water samples.
Polysorbate 80 and histidine quantitative analysis by NMR in the presence of virus‐like particles
Authors: Rustandi Richard R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolysorbate‐80 (PS80) and histidine are common excipients in vaccine and therapeutic protein formulation. A simple quantitative NMR method to measure both PS80 and histidine in human papillomavirus (HPV) virus‐like particle (VLP) vaccine for aqueous and alum‐containing samples is described. The new NMR method is compared to current colorimetric methods for PS80 and RP HPLC for histidine. The new NMR method is comparable to current assays with an advantage of a simpler sample treatment for PS80. The efficiency is also increased because one method can now provide two assay results instead of two separate methods. Furthermore, the NMR method can detect PS80 stability due to hydrolysis and oxidation when PS80 is stored in a stainless steel container by observing a change of its NMR line shape profile.
Analysis of U87 glioma cells by dielectrophoresis
Authors: Sengul Esra , Sharbati Pouya , Elitas Meltem , Islam Monsur , Korvink Jan G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive and invasive brain cancer consisting of genetically and phenotypically altering glial cells. It has massive heterogeneity due to its highly complex and dynamic microenvironment. Here, electrophysiological properties of U87 human glioma cell line were measured based on a dielectrophoresis phenomenon to quantify the population heterogeneity of glioma cells. Dielectrophoretic forces were generated using a gold‐microelectrode array within a microfluidic channel when 3 Vpp and 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 kHz, 1, 2, 5, and 10 MHz frequencies were applied. We analyzed the dielectrophoretic behavior of 500 glioma cells, and revealed that the crossover frequency of glioma cells was around 140 kHz. A quantifying dielectrophoretic movement of the glioma cells exhibited three distinct glioma subpopulations: 50% of the glioma cells experienced strong, 30% of the cells were spread in the microchannel by moderate, and the rest of the cells experienced very weak positive dielectrophoretic forces. Our results demonstrated the dielectrophoretic spectra of U87 glioma cell line. Dielectrophoretic responses of glioma cells linked population heterogeneity to membrane properties of glioma cells rather than their size distribution in the population.
Transoral robotic surgery with neck dissection versus nonsurgical treatment in stage I and II human papillomavirus‐negative oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Bollig Craig A. , Morris Brian , Stubbs Vanessa C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurgery + adjuvant therapy was shown to have improved overall survival (OS) versus nonsurgical treatment in T1‐T2N1‐N2b human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Our objective was to compare OS in transoral robotic surgery (TORS) with neck dissection versus nonsurgical treatment for T1‐T2N0 HPV‐negative OPC.MethodsPatients with T1‐T2N0 HPV‐negative OPC were identified in the National Cancer Database. OS was compared between groups: (1) TORS with neck dissection +/− adjuvant therapy, (2) primary radiotherapy (>60 Gy) +/− chemotherapy using Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThere were 665 (78.4%) patients treated nonsurgically and 183 (21.6%) patients in the TORS group. Adjusting for age, comorbidity score, facility type, tumor subsite, and tumor stage, primary nonsurgical treatment was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.34–2.69).ConclusionFor T1‐T2N0 HPV‐negative OPC, TORS with neck dissection may be associated with a survival benefit over nonsurgical treatment.
Head and neck pedicled flap autonomization using a new high‐resolution indocyanine green fluorescence video‐angiography device
Authors: Giordano Leone , Galli Andrea , Familiari Marco , Canta Davide , Irem Ayhan , Biafora Matteo , Battista Rosa Alessia , Bussi Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn head and neck oncologic surgery a reconstructive phase is often required and pedicled flaps are still a viable option, though they may need a pedicle division performed at a later stage. Several techniques are commonly used for perfusion assessment of the flaps, with indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence video‐angiography representing a promising tool. We used ICG video‐angiography to evaluate the perfusion of two of the most commonly adopted pedicled flaps in the head and neck field (the supraclavicular and the paramedian forehead flap) before and after second‐stage pedicle division, allowing a safer in‐setting. Moreover, the new high‐resolution device that we have employed added further accuracy to the traditional video‐angiography, providing a real‐time flap‐to‐normal skin ICG ratio. Indeed, ICG video‐angiography proved to be a useful tool in head and neck reconstructive surgery and it may allow an earlier second‐stage pedicle division.
Predicting NAFLD prevalence in the United States using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018 transient elastography data and application of machine learning
Authors: Noureddin Mazen , Ntanios Fady , Malhotra Deepa , Hoover Katherine , Emir Birol , McLeod Euan , Alkhouri Naim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This cohort analysis investigated the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD with fibrosis at different stages, associated clinical characteristics, and comorbidities in the general United States population and a subpopulation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2017–2018). Machine learning was explored to predict NAFLD identified by transient elastography (FibroScan®). Adults ≥20 years of age with valid transient elastography measurements were included; those with high alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis, or human immunodeficiency virus were excluded. Controlled attenuation parameter ≥302 dB/m using Youden’s index defined NAFLD; vibration‐controlled transient elastography liver stiffness cutoffs were ≤8.2, ≤9.7, ≤13.6, and >13.6 kPa for F0–F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. Predictive modeling, using six different machine‐learning approaches with demographic and clinical data from NHANES, was applied. Age‐adjusted prevalence of NAFLD and of NAFLD with F0–F1 and F2–F4 fibrosis was 25.3%, 18.9%, and 4.4%, respectively, in the overall population and 54.6%, 32.6%, and 18.3% in those with T2DM. The highest prevalence was among Mexican American participants. Test performance for all six machine‐learning models was similar (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.79–0.84). Machine learning using logistic regression identified male sex, hemoglobin A1c, age, and body mass index among significant predictors of NAFLD (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Data show a high prevalence of NAFLD with significant fibrosis (≥F2) in the general United States population, with greater prevalence in participants with T2DM. Using readily available, standard demographic and clinical data, machine‐learning models could identify subjects with NAFLD across large data sets.
Surveying the hybrid of radiation and magnetic parameters on Maxwell liquid with TiO2 nanotube influence of different blades
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Mohammad Javad , Fathollahi Reza , Pasha Pooya , Mahmoudi Meysam , Samimi Behbahan Amin , Domiri Ganji Davood 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the impacts of Maxwell nanoliquid transmission, rectangular with titanium oxide nanoparticles are explored over the triangular, chamfer blades. The innovation of this paper is the use of the number of chamfers, rectangular, and triangular blades at the top and bottom of a stretched plate to study physical nanofluid parameters such as temperature and the effects of magnetism. Also, by determining the appropriate height and length for the blades, we achieve the best optimization of temperature and velocity of nanofluid between the plate and the blades, which improves heat transfer and with a more and better effect of magnetic effects. The finite element method is utilized for the calculated differential equations. In this paper, by utilizing the reaction surface strategy, we optimized the titanium oxide nanofluid velocity and temperature, and magnetic parameter passing from the extending sheet. On average, the titanium oxide nanoparticle velocity around the two rectangular blades at the beginning of the sheet is 73.09% higher than triangular blades and 66.98% higher than chamfer blades. Based on the outcomes got from the titanium oxide nanofluid speed charts and the warm exchange cantors and magnetic impacts within the Design‐Expert computer program, the most excellent optimization occurred for TiO2 nanofluid speed and TiO2 nanofluid temperature and TiO2 magnetic parameter with u = 0.523, T = 3.25, and H = 2.671.
Biomarkers of the transsulfuration pathway and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
Authors: Clasen Joanna L. , Heath Alicia K. , Van Puyvelde Heleen , Huybrechts Inge , Park Jin Young , Ferrari Pietro , Scelo Ghislaine , Ulvik Arve , Midttun Øivind , Ueland Per Magne , Overvad Kim , Eriksen Anne Kirstine , Tjønneland Anne , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Schulze Matthias B. , Palli Domenico , Agnoli Claudia , Chiodini Paolo , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Zamora‐Ros Raul , Rodriguez‐Barranco Miguel , Santiuste Carmen , Ardanaz Eva , Amiano Pilar , Schmidt Julie A. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Gunter Marc , Riboli Elio , Cross Amanda J. , Johansson Mattias , Muller David C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that components of one‐carbon metabolism, particularly circulating vitamin B6, have an etiological role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Vitamin B6 is a cofactor in the transsulfuration pathway. We sought to holistically investigate the role of the transsulfuration pathway in RCC risk. We conducted a nested case‐control study (455 RCC cases and 455 matched controls) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Plasma samples from the baseline visit were analyzed for metabolites of the transsulfuration pathway, including pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP, the biologically active form of vitamin B6), homocysteine, serine, cystathionine, and cysteine, in addition to folate. Bayesian conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations of metabolites with RCC risk as well as interactions with established RCC risk factors. Circulating PLP and cysteine were inversely associated with RCC risk, and these associations were not attenuated after adjustment for other transsulfuration metabolites (odds ratio (OR) and 90% credible interval (CrI) per 1 SD increase in log concentration: 0.76 [0.66, 0.87]; 0.81 [0.66, 0.96], respectively). A comparison of joint metabolite profiles suggested substantially greater RCC risk for the profile representative of low overall transsulfuration function compared to high function (OR 2.70 [90% CrI 1.26, 5.70]). We found some statistical evidence of interactions of cysteine with body mass index, and PLP and homocysteine with smoking status, on their associations with RCC risk. In conclusion, we found evidence suggesting that the transsulfuration pathway may play a role in metabolic dysregulation leading to RCC development.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the patient, clinician, healthcare services and society: A patient pathway review
Authors: Kwok Chun Shing , Muntean Elena‐Andra , Mallen Christian D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe spread of COVID‐19 infection has changed the world. Population‐based studies of COVID‐19 are limited because it is unknown why events happen or why certain outcomes occur. An alternative approach called the patient pathway review evaluates what happens to individuals in detail. In the “ideal” pathway patients with COVID‐19 will seek medical attention and COVID‐19 will be identified and they will either be admitted to hospital, managed in the community or they will self‐care. However, in the “real‐world” pathway, patients may delay seeking medical attention and it is variable who the patient decides to seek help from and some patients may be initially misdiagnosed. The eventual outcome will be recovery from the acute infection or death but there may be a spectrum of healthcare needs for patients from those who care for themselves in the community to those who are hospitalized and require intensive care. The patients may or may not have short‐ and long‐term adverse effects. People infected with COVID‐19 can take on different paths which depend on the patient's decision making, clinical decision making, and the patient's response to the infection. Desirable pathways are those where patients have good outcomes and also limit the transmission of the virus.
Inactivated vaccines prevent severe COVID‐19 in patients infected with the Delta variant: A comparative study of the Delta and Alpha variants from China
Authors: Ye Chanyuan , Lv Yan , Kuang Wei , Yang Lisha , Lu Yingfeng , Gu Jueqing , Ding Feng , Shen Huajiang , Yang Yida 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Delta variant has gradually replaced the Alpha variant as the major strain of SARS‐COV‐2 infection worldwide. We extracted the clinical characteristics and outcomes information about 381 hospitalized patients infected with Delta variant and compared them with 856 patients diagnosed with Alpha variant infection in Zhejiang Province. The majority (85.3%) of patients infected with the Delta variant had received inactivated vaccine. The patients' condition was generally mild. Most of them were mild (35.7%) and common (62.7%) types. Only six patients (1.5%) were severe/critical types. During the follow‐up period, patients infected with the Delta variant had longer hospital stays than the Alpha variant (24 [21–26] vs. 18 [14–24], p < 0.001). In addition, the unvaccinated patients infected with the Delta variant had a higher proportion of severe/critical cases than vaccinated patients (11.11% vs. 0.92%, p = 0.024) and a higher usage rate of glucocorticoids (38.89 vs. 14.77%, p = 0.017) and antibiotics (55.56% vs. 32.31%, p = 0.042) during hospitalization. The vaccine's efficacy against severe COVID‐19 did not diminish over time for patients who received two doses of the inactivated vaccine. The disease types and clinical manifestations were generally mild in patients infected with the Delta variant, possibly associated with widespread vaccination with inactivated vaccines in China.