bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehistorical International Relations: How, Why, What
Authors: Neumann Iver B , Glørstad Håkon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArchaeologically produced knowledge of prehistory has grown to a point where international relations (IR) may begin to incorporate it in their own work. In this article, we try to facilitate this process by introducing IR scholars to archaeology's material data and ways of thinking about it. New types of system units, such as households and kinship, emerged in prehistory and had effects on temporality and territoriality as well as knock-on effects on institutions, such as war and trade. If we understand the origins of these phenomena better, we are better equipped to understand how they work at the present time. Focusing on a key topic in IR, namely systems emergence, we splice archaeological and IR approaches to systems. Four key factors for systems emergence appear: competition for resources, interaction capacity, social imitation, and stable food resources. We then show how these factors were at work in the two earliest proto-systems to be found in Europe, namely House Polity Proto-systems (9000–4500 BCE) and Segmentary Polity Proto-systems (4500–2500 BCE). They are still active. We conclude that when studies of prehistoric systems, institutions, and practices point up deep structural factors like, we should not expect them to lose their relevance any time soon.
The Negotiated Apology: “Double Ventriloquism” in Addressing Historical Wrongs
Authors: Bentley Tom 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this article, I analyze two recent diplomatic agreements between a colonizing state and a post-colonial state that address grave historical wrongdoings: the 2021 Germany–Namibia “Joint Declaration” regarding the colonial past and the 2015 Japan–South Korea “Joint Press Occasion” regarding Imperial Japan's use of so-called comfort women. These agreements point to an emerging trend of states openly negotiating, coordinating, offering, and accepting apologies. In analyzing these agreements, I re-pose Gayatri Spivak's classic question: Can the subaltern speak? Where Spivak demonstrates that the colonized subject is spoken for by both the colonizer and indigenous elites (and Western intellectuals), I demonstrate a similar process within these agreements. Specifically, a “double ventriloquism” occurs whereby both the (former) colonizing state and the post-colonial government collude to speak for the colonized in respect to offering a narrative of the wrongdoing, determining remedial measures, and agreeing that the issue is “closed.” Such collusion frames the state as the sole interlocutor in the transitional justice process and is an exercise in marginalizing subaltern voices in addressing the past. Nevertheless, where Spivak is pessimistic about the prospects of the subaltern speaking, I demonstrate that apologies inadvertently afford the colonized an opportunity to publicly disrupt official narratives and restate demands for justice.
Algorithms and Influence Artificial Intelligence and Crisis Decision-Making
Authors: Horowitz Michael C , Lin-Greenberg Erik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCountries around the world are increasingly investing in artificial intelligence (AI) to automate military tasks that traditionally required human involvement. Despite growing interest in AI-enabled systems, relatively little research explores whether and how AI affects military decision-making. Yet, national security practitioners may perceive the judgments of and actions taken by algorithms differently than those of humans. This variation may subsequently affect decisions on the use of force. Using two original survey experiments fielded on a sample of US national security experts, we find that AI use by both friendly and rival forces affects decision-making during interstate crises. National security experts are less likely to take military action when AI is used to analyze intelligence than when humans conduct the analysis. Experts also viewed an accident involving a rival's AI-enabled weapon that kills American troops as more deserving of retaliation than an accident involving only human operators, suggesting that national security practitioners are less forgiving of errant AI systems than of similarly erring humans. Our findings suggest emerging technologies such as AI can affect decisionmakers’ perceptions in ways that shape political outcomes. Even in a world of algorithms, human decisions will still have important consequences for international security.
The incidence and risk of cardiovascular events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in Asian populations
Authors: Chiang Cho-Han , Chiang Cho-Hung , Ma Kevin Sheng-Kai , Hsia Yuan Ping , Lee Yu-wen , Wu Han-Ru , Chiang Cho-Hsien , Peng Chun-Yu , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Shiah Her-Shyong , Peng Cheng-Ming , Neilan Tomas G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with adverse cardiovascular events. However, there are no data characterizing cardiovascular events among Asians on immune checkpoint inhibitors. We aim to determine the incidence and risk of cardiac events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in an Asian population.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, propensity score-matched cohort study at two tertiary referral centers in Taiwan. Immune checkpoint inhibitor users were matched with non-immune checkpoint inhibitor users based on predetermined clinical variables. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute peripheral occlusive disease, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, heart failure, pericardial disease, myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmias and conduction block.

Results
Between January 2010 and November 2021, 868 immune checkpoint inhibitor users were matched 1:1 with non-immune checkpoint inhibitor users. Among immune checkpoint inhibitor users, 67 (7.7%) patients developed major adverse cardiovascular events. During a median follow-up period of 188 days, the incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events for immune checkpoint inhibitor and non-immune checkpoint inhibitor users was 94.8 and 46.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively, resulting in an incidence rate ratio of 2.1 [95% confidence interval: 1.5–2.9]. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, immune checkpoint inhibitor users had a 60% increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events [hazard ratio, 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.3)]. Immune checkpoint inhibitors use was independently associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke [hazard ratio, 3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.0–9.0)] and pulmonary embolism [hazard ratio, 5.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.4–21.3)]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age &gt; 65, metastatic disease, hypertension and baseline platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio &lt; 180 were risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusions
Among Asians, immune checkpoint inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, particularly ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism.
Social Marketing Works: Results from Ten Years of Tools for Engaging Landowners Effectively Trainings
Authors: Hollins Katherine , Chawla Purnima , Butler Sarah M 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEngaging family forest owners in best practices for land management is essential for maintaining and improving the health of our forests. Yet few natural resource professionals have formal training in how to reach and persuade landowners. The Tools for Engaging Landowners Effectively (TELE) program sought to address this via a program of workshops, which train natural resource professionals to engage and influence landowners by using social marketing principles and techniques. TELE evaluation surveys found that (1) TELE workshop participants understood social marketing concepts and appreciated their relevance and value, (2) they were able to apply these concepts in their work, and (3) those who applied these concepts saw improved project outcomes. Based on these results, we argue that more natural resource professionals should be trained and empowered to use social marketing techniques for engaging landowners and other audiences.Study Implications: Forestry and conservation professionals are often tasked with engaging landowners to help solve conservation challenges, but they rarely have the training to do so effectively. Surveys of professionals trained in social marketing (using commercial marketing principles to reach a public good) showed that the workshops were considered useful, and projects implemented using the learned techniques showed a substantial improvement over standard outreach methods. Based on these data, we call for more widespread and comprehensive adoption of social marketing techniques for engaging landowners and describe what that would entail.
Humanitarian Mission at Home: Walter Reed National Military Medical Center’s Experience in Operation Allies Refuge and Operation Allies Welcome
Authors: Robinson Sara L , Campbell Wesley R , Patel Leela R , Blickle John G , Goetzman Henry J , Hemphill Ashleigh , Mehlhaff Krista M , Farren Kristen C , Valdez Alicia D , Khan Joetta , Sessom Eric A , Blaylock Jason M , Lee Rachel U 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Military medicine has a long history of humanitarian efforts globally, including responses to natural disasters and as planned medical civil action projects. However, ending two decades of war in Afghanistan, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) was tasked to receive up to 63 injured patients with less than 96-hour notice on August 27, 2021. As part of Operation Allies Refuge and transition to Operation Allies Welcome, this article highlights the complicated cross-organizational and multidisciplinary response at WRNMMC where ultimately 277 Afghan patients and nonmedical attendants received medical care and other requirements for resettlement. Lessons learned from coordinating the complex short suspense medical, cultural, and logistic efforts are noted as considerations and practical recommendations for future missions.
Looking Back, a View to the Future of the Health and Readiness of Gender and Sexual Diverse U.S. Service Members
Authors: Oblea Pedro N , Siaki Leilani A 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The objective is to provide a brief overview of the history of gender and sexual diverse service members, health utilization rates, outcomes, and disparities, as well as perceived challenges accessing health care and gaps in the evidence base underpinning sex- and gender-appropriate care. The article also provides strategies going forward to address these issues and optimize health care delivery.
Utility of VestAid to Detect Eye-Gaze Accuracy in a Participant Exposed to Directed Energy
Authors: Whitney Susan L , Ou Victoria , Hovareshti Pedram , Costa Cláudia M , Cassidy Amy R , Dunlap Pamela M , Roeder Shamus , Holt Lisa , Tolani Devendra , Klatt Brooke N , Hoppes Carrie W 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The VestAid is a tablet-based application that provides feedback about a patient’s eye/head movements during exercise after concussion. The goal of this case series was to determine if VestAid could be used to detect eye-gaze accuracy in a participant exposed to directed energy (DE).

Materials and Methods
The VestAid results of a participant with DE were compared to an age- and gender-matched healthy control, a participant post-concussion, and a participant with vestibular neuritis. A tablet with VestAid software was utilized to record eye-gaze accuracy and head speed during VORx1 exercises using eye and facial recognition as participants were exposed to 12 visual scenes.

Results
The participant with DE consistently had difficulty with eye-gaze accuracy when the head was rotated towards the right for all trials. The participant with DE had poor eye-gaze accuracy during all phases of the head turn cycle compared to the control participant (mean 47.91%, [SD = 7.32%] for the DE participant versus mean 94.28%, [SD = 5.87%] for the control participant). Post-exercise dizziness and perceived difficulty in the 12 exercises completed by the participant with DE were strongly related (Spearman’s rho = 0.7372, P = .0062). The participant with DE had the lowest scores on 10 of the 12 head movement trials.

Conclusions
VestAid provided unique information about eye-gaze accuracy that detected eye movement abnormalities in the participants with DE exposure, concussion, and vestibular neuritis. The objective metrics of eye-gaze stability correlate with participants’ symptoms and perceived difficulty of the eye/head movements.
Pushchino multibeam pulsar search – I. Targeted search of weak pulsars
Authors: Tyul’bashev Sergei A , Kitaeva Marina A , Tyul’basheva Gayane E 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The search for pulsars in a sample of pulsar candidates found based on a multi-year survey conducted with low (six channels; sampling 0.1s) time-frequency resolution on declinations −9° &lt; δ &lt; +42° was carried out with the Large Phased Array of the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPA LPI). LPA is a transit telescope operating at 111 MHz with a bandwidth of 2.5 MHz. Search, analysis and evidence of pulsar detection were carried out using a visualization programme of summed up power spectra obtained from the survey data with high (32 channels; sampling 12.5 ms) time-frequency resolution. 11 new pulsars with periods P0 = 0.41–3.75 s and dispersion measure DM = 15–154 pc cm−3 have been discovered. In total, in the survey with a low-time-frequency resolution for the period 2016–2021 in a blind search 203 pulsars were found, among them 42 new and 161 known pulsars. It is shown that in the search on the data with high-time-frequency resolution accumulated over a time interval of seven years, pulsars with a flux density of 0.1–0.2 mJy at the frequency of 111 MHz can be detected. When searching for pulsars with regular (periodic) emission at declinations +21° &lt; δ &lt; +42o, all pulsars located outside the galactic plane having P0 ≥ 0.5 s, DM ≤ 100 pc cm−3, and the flux density S ≥ 0.5 mJy can be detected.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: physical drivers of stellar-gas kinematic misalignments in the nearby Universe
Authors: Ristea A , Cortese L , Fraser-McKelvie A , Brough S , Bryant J J , Catinella B , Croom S M , Groves B , Richards S N , van de Sande J , Bland-Hawthorn J , Owers M S , Lawrence J S 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Misalignments between the rotation axis of stars and gas are an indication of external processes shaping galaxies throughout their evolution. Using observations of 3068 galaxies from the SAMI Galaxy Survey, we compute global kinematic position angles for 1445 objects with reliable kinematics and identify 169 (12 per cent) galaxies which show stellar-gas misalignments. Kinematically decoupled features are more prevalent in early-type/passive galaxies compared to late-type/star-forming systems. Star formation is the main source of gas ionization in only 22 per cent of misaligned galaxies; 17 per cent are Seyfert objects, while 61 per cent show Low-Ionization Nuclear Emission-line Region features. We identify the most probable physical cause of the kinematic decoupling and find that, while accretion-driven cases are dominant, for up to 8 per cent of our sample, the misalignment may be tracing outflowing gas. When considering only misalignments driven by accretion, the acquired gas is feeding active star formation in only ∼1/4 of cases. As a population, misaligned galaxies have higher Sérsic indices and lower stellar spin and specific star formation rates than appropriately matched samples of aligned systems. These results suggest that both morphology and star formation/gas content are significantly correlated with the prevalence and timescales of misalignments. Specifically, torques on misaligned gas discs are smaller for more centrally concentrated galaxies, while the newly accreted gas feels lower viscous drag forces in more gas-poor objects. Marginal evidence of star formation not being correlated with misalignment likelihood for late-type galaxies suggests that such morphologies in the nearby Universe might be the result of preferentially aligned accretion at higher redshifts.
Dust grain shattering in protoplanetary discs: collisional fragmentation or rotational disruption?
Authors: Michoulier Stéphane , Gonzalez Jean-François 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
In protoplanetary discs, the coagulation of dust grains into large aggregates still remains poorly understood. Grain porosity appears to be a promising solution to allow the grains to survive and form planetesimals. Furthermore, dust shattering has generally been considered to come only from collisional fragmentation; however, a new process was recently introduced, rotational disruption. We wrote a one-dimensional code that models the growth and porosity evolution of grains as they drift to study their final outcome when the two shattering processes are included. When simulating the evolution of grains in a disc model that reproduces observations, we find that rotational disruption is not negligible compared to the fragmentation and radial drift. Disruption becomes dominant when the turbulence parameter α ≲ 5 × 10−4, if the radial drift is slow enough. We show that the importance of disruption in the growth history of grains strongly depends on their tensile strength.
Which black hole formed first? Mass-ratio reversal in massive binary stars from gravitational-wave data
Authors: Mould Matthew , Gerosa Davide , Broekgaarden Floor S , Steinle Nathan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Population inference of gravitational-wave catalogues is a useful tool to translate observations of black hole mergers into constraints on compact-binary formation. Different formation channels predict identifiable signatures in the astrophysical distributions of source parameters, such as masses and spins. One example within the scenario of isolated binary evolution is mass-ratio reversal: even assuming efficient core–envelope coupling in massive stars and tidal spin-up of the stellar companion by the first-born black hole, a compact binary with a lighter, non-spinning first-born black hole and a heavier, spinning second-born black hole can still form through mass transfer from the initially more to less massive progenitor. Using current LIGO/Virgo observations, we measure the fraction of sources in the underlying population with this mass–spin combination and interpret it as a constraint on the occurrence of mass-ratio reversal in massive binary stars. We modify commonly used population models by including negligible-spin subpopulations and, most crucially, non-identical component spin distributions. We do not find evidence for subpopulations of black holes with negligible spins and measure the fraction of massive binary stars undergoing mass-ratio reversal to be consistent with zero and $\lt 32{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($99{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence). The dimensionless spin peaks around 0.2–0.3 appear robust, however, and are yet to be explained by progenitor formation scenarios.
OGLE-BLG504.12.201843: a possible extreme dwarf nova
Authors: Landri Camille , Pejcha Ondrej , Pawlak Michał , Udalski Andrzej , Prieto Jose L , Barrientos Manuel , Strader Jay , Dong Subo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the analysis of existing optical photometry and new optical spectroscopy of the candidate cataclysmic variable star OGLE-BLG504.12.201843. As was shown previously, this object has an orbital period of 0.523419 d and exhibits year-long outbursts with a mean period of 973 d. Using digitized photographic archives, we show that the earliest recorded outburst occurred in 1910. We propose that this object is a U Gem-type dwarf nova (DN) with extreme properties. The orbital variability of the system in outburst shows clear signs of an accretion disc, from which the outburst likely originates. During quiescence, the object slowly brightens by up to 0.75 mag in the I band over 600 d before the outburst and exhibits small flares with amplitude ≲0.2 mag in the I band. We interpret the gradual brightening as an increase in the luminosity and temperature of the accretion disc, which is theoretically predicted but only rarely seen in DNe. The origin of small flares remains unexplained. The spectra show Balmer absorption lines both in quiescence and outburst, which can be associated with a bright secondary star or a cold accretion disc. During outbursts, emission lines with full width at half-maximum of about 450 km s−1 appear; however, they lack typical double-peaked profiles. We suggest that either these lines originate in the disc winds or the orbital inclination is low, the latter being consistent with constrains obtained from the orbital variability of the system. Due to its extreme properties and peculiarities, OGLE-BLG504.12.201843 is an excellent object for further follow-up studies.
Characterization of the NUV and optical emission and temperature of flares from Ross 733 with Swift and TESS
Authors: Jackman James A G 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a coordinated campaign to simultaneously observe the M star binary Ross 733 in the optical and near-ultraviolet (NUV) with TESS and Swift, respectively. We observed two flares in the Swift NUV light curve. One of these was decay phase of a flare that was also detected with TESS and the other was only detected in the NUV. We used the TESS light curve to measure the white-light flare rate of Ross 733, and calculate that the system flares with an energy of 1033 erg once every 1.5 d. We used our simultaneous observations to measure a pseudo-continuum temperature of $7340^{+810}_{-900}$ K during the flare decay. We also used our observations to test the NUV predictions of the 9000 K blackbody flare model, and find that it underestimates number of flares we detect in our Swift NUV light curve. We discuss the reasons for this and attribute it to the unaccounted contributions from emission lines and continuum temperatures above 9000 K. We discuss how additional observations are required to break the degeneracy between the two in future multiwavelength flare campaigns.
Bhjet: a public multizone, steady state jet + thermal corona spectral model
Authors: Lucchini M , Ceccobello C , Markoff S , Kini Y , Chhotray A , Connors R M T , Crumley P , Falcke H , Kantzas D , Maitra D 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Accreting black holes are sources of major interest in astronomy, particular those launching jets because of their ability to accelerate particles, and dramatically affect their surrounding environment up to very large distances. The spatial, energy, and time-scales at which a central active black hole radiates and impacts its environment depend on its mass. The implied scale-invariance of accretion/ejection physics between black hole systems of different central masses has been confirmed by several studies. Therefore, designing a self-consistent theoretical model that can describe such systems, regardless of their mass, is of crucial importance to tackle a variety of astrophysical sources. We present here a new and significantly improved version of a scale invariant, steady-state, multizone jet model, which we rename BHJet, resulting from the efforts of our group to advance the modelling of black hole systems. We summarize the model assumptions and basic equations, how they have evolved over time, and the additional features that we have recently introduced. These include additional input electron populations, the extension to cyclotron emission in near-relativistic regime, an improved multiple inverse-Compton scattering method, external photon seed fields typical of active galactic nucleus, and a magnetically dominated jet dynamical model as opposed to the pressure-driven jet configuration present in older versions. In this paper, we publicly release the code on GitHub and, in order to facilitate the user’s approach to its many possibilities, showcase a few applications as a tutorial.