bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varicose Vein Education and Informed coNsent (VVEIN) study: A randomized controlled pilot feasibility study
Authors: Kiernan Aoife , Boland Fiona , Moneley Daragh , Doyle Frank , Harkin Denis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Doctors have a legal requirement and duty of care to ensure patients are enabled to make an informed decision about their treatment, including discussion of the benefits, risks and alternatives to a procedure. A patient centred approach to consent has been firmly established in Ireland and fundamental to this is the ability to engage in a dialogue that offers comprehensible information to patients. Telemedicine has revolutionised the way we can deliver care to patients in the modern era of computers, tablets, and smartphones and its use has been rapidly expanded. Novel digital strategies to improve the informed consent process for surgical procedures have been increasingly under investigation over the last 10-15 years and may offer a low cost, accessible and tailored solution to consent for surgical interventions. Within vascular surgery, superficial venous interventions have been associated with a high number medicolegal claims and also represents an area within the specialty with rapidly evolving technology and techniques. The ability to communicate comprehensible information to patients has never been greater. Thus, the author’s aim to explore whether it is feasible and acceptable to deliver a digital health education intervention to patients undergoing endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) to supplement the consent process. Methods: This is a prospective, single centre, randomised controlled, feasibility trial recruiting patients with chronic venous disease deemed suitable to undergo EVTA. Patients will be randomised to receive either standard consent or a newly developed digital health education tool. The primary outcome is feasibility; assessing the recruitment and retention rate of participants and assessing acceptability of the intervention. Secondary outcomes include knowledge retention, anxiety and satisfaction. This feasibility trial is designed to recruit 40 patients, which will allow for a moderate dropout rate. This pilot study will inform the authors of the appropriateness of an adequately powered multicentre trial.Discussion: This trial will be the first randomised trial to examine the role of a digital consent solution for EVTA. This may improve and standardise the consent dialogue with patients and may have the potential to reduce claims related to poor consent processes and disclosure of risks.Ethical committee reference: Ethical approval has been sought and received from both the Bon Secours Hospital and RCSI (202109017), on the 14th May 2021 and 10th October 2021, respectively.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05261412, registered on the 1st of March 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05261412
Role of clinical pharmacists in reducing antimicrobial resistance: systematic review
Authors: Sefera Birbirsa , Chelkeba Legesse , Dechasa Mesay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is defined as the resistance of bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal microorganisms to antimicrobial medicines that were previously effective for treatment of infectious disease. It is a major international concern in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this review is to investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in reducing antimicrobial resistance.
Methods
The databases Medline, PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), and EMBASE were searched for articles published between 1999 and 2019 that involved studies on the role of clinical pharmacists and the expanded services of clinical pharmacists in health care system and their contributions in antimicrobial use.
Results
Studies from different countries have demonstrated that the roles of clinical pharmacists in health care team resulting in improved clinical outcome and economic outcome.
Conclusions
This review highlights that integration of clinical pharmacist services in healthcare systems will assist in reducinggrowing of catastrophic AMR.
Conducting fillers based multilayer polymer composites for terahertz absorber applications
Authors: Gautam Saurabh Singh , Mishra Shubham , Dubey Ashish , Dev Om , Agarwal Sanjay , Dixit Alok Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The recent advancement towards THz system design and development, THz spectroscopy and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) fascinates researchers’ attention in development of absorbing coating and composites to counter stealth technologies and shielding from THz radiation. Conductive fillers based THz absorber composites have emerged as a solution as their properties can be tuned with the change in the filler loading. In the current work, several multilayer composites are prepared by wet lay-up process using conducting fillers- chopped carbon fibre (CCF), milled carbon fibre (MCF) and carbon veil (CV) in epoxy matrix with glass fibre as reinforcement. These composite samples were evaluated for absorption in 0.75–2.25 THz frequency domain to explore their use for THz absorber applications. The results show that absorption performance of fabricated composite structures is significantly affected by type of filler, percentage loading of filler and frequency range. The polymer composite with CV filler exhibits maximum 99% absorption (10–20 dB reflection loss) in frequency range 0.5–2.25 THz. Considering the high mechanical strength and broadband absorption of THz radiations, these composites may provide a better substitute for fragile wideband THz absorptive coatings as well as metamaterials based narrowband THz absorbers.
Association between Types of Pain Change and Depression among Korean Older Adults
Authors: Jeong Kyu-hyoung , Son Hye-Gyeong , Kim Sunghee , Ryu Ju Hyun , Lee Seoyoon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The world's population is aging faster than it did in the past and many under-represented issues in the lives of older adults have been neglected; pain is one of the issues. Older people may regard their pain as incurable and may lead to not seeking appropriate medical treatment. It is hard to manage pain efficiently when individuals or society recognize that increased pain is a typical symptom of getting older. Considering the fact that pain negatively affects older adults, an in-depth review should be undertaken by categorizing changes in pain. Hence, the purpose of this study is to identify the types of pain changes that affect older Koreans 65 years and over, as well as their effects on depression.Methods: We analyzed the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) data collected from 2010 (3rd) to 2018 (7th). Data from a total of 1,359 participants, aged 65 or older were used to estimate the change in pain. A latent growth model was performed to estimate the overall change in pain and Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM) was performed to categorize the types of pain changes. Lastly, multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of pain change types on depression among older adults.Results: The pain changes of older adults were classified into two categories: 'low-stable' (87.9%, n=1,194), and 'high increasing' (12.1%, n=165). Depression showed a stronger relationship among the high-increasing type of pain than the low-stable type (B=.844, p<.001). Upon examining the differences in demographic characteristics by type, the high-increasing type had a higher percentage of women, lower-income, relatively low educational attainment, and a higher percentage of rural residents than the low-stable type.Conclusions: The significance of this study lies in the fact that it reiterated the importance of early pain diagnosis and intervention by identifying the types of pain changes in older adults and analyzing their effects on depression. Therefore, it is especially important to pay attention to interventions that are designed to help vulnerable groups with a high risk of pain obtain effective pain management.
Alginate encapsulation of micro-cuttings in endangered Satureja khuzistanica species: a promising method for obtaining genetically stable plants with high rosmarinic acid content
Authors: Asadi Roya , Abdollahi Mohammad Reza , Moosavi Sayyed Saeed , Mirzaie-Asl Asghar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Synthetic seed production is a suitable method for the rapid, mass, and uniform proliferation of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad, a valuable medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family. In this study, the encapsulation of micro-cuttings of S. khuzistanica was investigated using sodium alginate (SA). In order to determine the best conditions for encapsulation in the S. khuzistanica plant, different concentrations of SA and CaCl2.2H2O, different types of explant and matrix culture media, different types and concentrations of plant growth regulator, and different cold storage conditions of synthetic seeds were tested. Also, the genetic stability of regenerated plants from synthetic seeds using the ISSR molecular marker as well as the content of rosmarinic acid in synthetic seed derived plants were evaluated in this study. The use of 3% SA and 100 mM CaCl2.2H2O was found to be the best composition for gel complexation. Encapsulation of nodal segments with 1/2 MS medium containing 2.5 µM BAP resulted in the highest regrowth percentage (72.22%) and regrowth rate (0.173). Pre-culture of nodal segments in 1/2 MS medium containing 5 µM IBA and 0.2% activated charcoal for 10 days and the use of 2.5 µM IBA in the rooting medium resulted in the highest rooting percentage (88.88%) in synthetic seed-derived plants. The highest regrowth percentage (61.11%) and regrowth rate (0.173) of synthetic seeds were obtained using 0.45 mg/L TDZ in MS liquid medium. The placement of germinated seeds on the coco peat substrate resulted in the highest conversion rate (61.11%) of synthetic seeds to the plant. Also, storage of encapsulated nodal segments at 4°C in MS culture medium, compared to cold storage without using MS medium, resulted in better regrowth of synthetic seeds. The highest regrowth percentage (44.44%) and regrowth rate (0.092) for cold-stored synthetic seeds occurred after two weeks. The genetic stability testing by ISSR molecular marker showed that synthetic seed-derived plantlets were genetically similar to their mother plants. Also, encapsulated nodal segments and shoot tip derived plants significantly enhanced the rosmarinic acid content up to 7.77 times the natural seed derived plants. Genetic restoration programs, short-term storage, and germplasm distribution in S. khuzistanica plants could all benefit from the encapsulation regeneration strategy reported here.
Spine fractures caused by suicide jumping and the influence of COVID pandemic
Authors: Mulhem Ali , Hammersen Stefanie , Omran Ziad , Alsuliman Abdul Masik , Moskopp Dag 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background. Suicide is a major problem worldwide, and jumping from a height is a common suicide method in Europe and Germany. This method primarily results in severe spinal fractures. As a maximum-care hospital in Berlin, we observed an increase in severe spine fractures due to suicidal jumping.Objective. To describe the characteristics of these fractures in suicidal jumpers compared to non-suicidal individuals and analyse their association with the COVID-pandemic. Method. We extracted the chart data of patients who suffered severe spine fractures (from thoracic vertebra 1 to lumbar vertebra 5) due to trauma and who were treated surgically in our centre between 01 January 2015 and 31 May 2021. Results. Seventy-one patients were included in the study. Suicidal jumpers were about 11 years younger (p = 0.008) and more likely to be female (relative risk= 1.3, p = 0.47). The two groups differed in their initial haemoglobin values (mean difference= two g/dl, p <0.001). The lumbar region was twice as affected in suicidal jumpers (p = 0.02). Before the COVID-lockdown within 63 months, there were 19 suicide cases and 38 non-suicidal cases. After COVID-lockdown within 14 months, 11 suicidal cases vs only three non-suicides resulted in a ratio of 2.57 (p-value<0.001). There were no significant differences in radiological and clinical outcomes. Conclusions. Spine fractures in suicide jumpers differ from those in non-suicide jumpers in terms of age, initial haemoglobin level, and spine region. These fractures have increased significantly in Berlin since the COVID lockdown. Surgical treatment of these fractures provided the same results in both groups.
Utilization of dental care service and associated factors among pre-school children in northwest China over the past decade
Authors: Hu Xiao , Fan Xiaoyu , Tian Jiangang , Zhang Bin , Huang Ruizhe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Object:
The information comparing factors affecting the use of dental care services in pre-school children over the past decade in northwest China is rare. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the utilization of oral health care among 5 years old children.
Method
The studies were conducted in 2005 and 2015 and included 5-year –old children who underwent dental examination by trained dentists and the caregivers of the children were requested to answer the questionnaire. A multi-level stratified sampling method was used. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the utilization of dental care and other socio-economic variables. Logistic regression models were employed to explore the primary factors influencing the use of dental care among pre-school children.
Results
In 2005, a total of 399 and in 2015, 492 child-caregiver pairs were included. The majority of the caregivers in both survies were females, comprising 68.2% and 74.8% of the caregivers in 2005 and 2015, respectively. 75.2% and 87.0% of the respondents had an education level of lesser than 9 years. The prevalence of caries was higher in 2015 (63.2%) than in 2005 (53.4%). In 2005 and 2015, the utilization of dental care services was 20.8% and 20.0%, respectively. A statistically significant association was observed between caries and dental care use in 5-year-olds over the past decade. After adjusting for confounders, dental service usage among children in urban areas was 1.62 times higher than that of rural areas in 2005 (95% CI: 0.069–0.571), and the self-assessment of caregivers regarding their child’s oral health significantly improved oral health use in 2015.
Conclusion
The utilization of dental care services over the past decade is insufficient among pre-school children in northwest China. Availing of these services accurately and appropriately can reduce the prevalence of dental caries. Hence, with the decreasing gap about economic and health service resources, policymakers should place greater emphasis on raising awareness among caregivers about the oral health status of their children.
Tumor-associated fibroblasts promote the migration and invasion of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating THY-1
Authors: WANG Zheng , Pan Ming-Xing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigate the role of Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Culture Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) and primary fibroblasts, isolate and identify primary fibroblasts; Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR techniques to detect the expression of thymocyte differentiation antigen (Thy-1) in the cells; And establish a co-culture system of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells and CAFs, divide the cells into Hepatocellular carcinoma cell group, co-culture system group (blank control group), co-culture system + isotype IgG antibody group (negative control group), co-culture system + anti-Thy-1 Antibody group. Transwell experiment detects the effect of Thy-1 on the migration ability of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells in the co-culture system; Western blot technology detects the effect of Thy-1 on the epithelial (E-cad) and stroma (N-cad and ZEB2) of Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in the co-culture system The effect of phenotypic marker protein expression. The CAFs were successfully isolated, and there was no significant difference in the morphology of normal fibroblasts. Both showed a spindle morphology. It was found that the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in CAFs was significantly higher than that of matched NFs cells, suggesting that The isolated CAFs can be used as follow-up related experimental research; Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR technology detection indicates that Thy-1 mRNA and protein in CAFs are highly expressed, which has obvious statistical significance compared with paired NFs, and Thy- 1 Low expression in Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines; after CAFs are co-cultured with Hepatocellular carcinoma cells, the migration ability of Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines is significantly enhanced, and the expression of E-cad is significantly reduced, and the expression of N-cad and ZEB2 is obvious However, after pre-incubation with Thy-1 antibody in CAFs in the co-culture system, it was found that compared with the negative control group, the migration ability and EMT effect of Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were significantly weakened. Thy-l over-expressed in CAFs cells enhances the migration ability and EMT effect of HCC cells in the in vitro co-culture system.
Retinal microvasculature and early cerebral hemodynamics in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Wan Jincheng , Kwapong William Robert , Tao Wendan , Ye Chen , Liu Ming , Wu Bo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between retinal microvasculature and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis.Methods: Patients with unilateral moderate or severe ICA stenosis(≥50%) from West China hospital, Sichuan university were enrolled in the current study. The retinal microvasculature was evaluated with the swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). The cerebral blood flow perfusion on bilateral MCA territories measured at the basal ganglia level was assessed by brain CTP. CTP data were postprocessed to generate maps of different perfusion parameters including cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (MTT) and permeability surface(PS). Relative perfusion parameters (rPS, rCBF, etc.) were calculated as the ratio of the value in the contralateral side to that in the ipsilateral side.Results: In the final analysis, 31 patients were included, of whom 11 patients had a moderate ICA stenosis and 20 with a severe ICA stenosis. A total of 55 eyes were analyzed in the study, 27 eyes from the ipsilateral side (ie, side with stenosis) and 28 eyes from the contralateral side. In the patients with ICA stenosis, there was a strong correlation between the retinal microvascular perfusion of superficial vascular complex (SVC) with rCBV(β=0.239, p=0.03 ), rCBF(β=0.472, p=0.02) and rPS(β=0.653, p<0.001) after adjustment for age, sex and vascular risk factors. Similar correlations were also found between microvasculture in superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and cerebral perfusion changes. There were no any significant associations of microvascular perfusion in both deep vascular complex(DVC) and deep capillary plexus(DVP) with CTP parameters (all p>0.05).Conclusions: Assessing retinal perfusion changes in superficial vascular layer(SVC and SVP)with the SS-OCTA as a proxy for early brain hemodynamic compromise could be a potentially valuable tool for early identification subgroups with a high risk of stroke in patients with ICA stenosis.
Women's Desire to Limit Child-Bearing and its associated factors in rural Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Kidie Atitegeb Abera , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Gizachew Birtukan , Kokeb Tsion , Awoke Elisa , Adane Seteamlak , Tunta Abayneh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Ethiopia is twelfths and the second most populous country in the world and Africa respectively. The fertility level of Ethiopia is high especially in rural areas. Rapid population growth had a significant negative impact on the economic performance of the country. Women desire to limit child bearing is one of the most important issue that bears directly on population growth. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess women desire to limit childbearing and its associated factor among rural womenMethodology: We have used a crosectional survey dataset of Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016. A total of 12,019 rural women were included in the study. A mixed effect binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of women’s desire to limit childbearing. Adjusted odds ratio with its corresponding 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant variables.Result: Women in the age group of 25- 34 years (AOR=1.61, 95% CI=1.28,2.13 ), 35- 49 years (AOR=4.96, 95% CI = 3.64, 6.65), women who had no children (AOR=0.06, 95% CI =0.04, 0.09) , having children 1-3 (AOR=0.29, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.36), married women (AOR=0.45, 95% CI=0.27, 0.75), living in small peripherals region (AOR=0.33,95% CI=0.24, 0.45) and community level poverty (AOR=0.72, 95% CI= 0.57, 0.89) were significantly associated with women’s desire to limit child bearing.Conclusion: there is low desire to limit childbearing in rural Ethiopia. Women who are older and wlarge number of children were more desire to limit child bearing. Whereas those married women, from small peripheral regions and with high community poverty proportion were less likely to limit child bearing. Therefore, providing education about benefit of small family size and providing family planning service may important to enhance women desire to limit their childbearing.
Unsupervised anomaly detection with generative adversarial networks in mammography
Authors: Park Seungju , Lee Kyung Hwa , Ko Beomseok , Kim Namkug 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer among women, and screening mammography is the primary tool for diagnosing this condition. Recent advancements in deep learning technologies have triggered the implementation for the research studies via mammography. In clinical situations, where abnormal data are significantly lacking, semisupervised or unsupervised methods are often used to overcome the limitations of supervised learning such as manpower and time for labeling. Accordingly, we proposed a generative model that uses a state-of-the-art generative network (StyleGAN2) to create high-quality synthetic mammographic images and the anomaly detection method to detect breast cancer on mammograms in unsupervised methods. The generation model trained via only normal mammograms and breast cancer classification was performed via anomaly detection using 50 each breast cancer and normal mammograms that did not overlap with the dataset for generative model learning. We developed an anomaly detection method that would evaluate this method in breast cancer classification. Our generative model has shown comparable fidelity to real images, and the anomaly detection method via this generative model showed high sensitivity, demonstrating its potential for breast cancer screening. This method could differentiate between normal and cancer-positive mammogram and help overcome the weakness of current supervised methods.