bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Other Vascular Risk factors' Impact on Non‐Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Meira Bruna , Fernandes Marco , Salavisa Manuel , Saraiva Marlene , Conceição Laurete , Borbinha Cláudia , Ladeira Filipa , Marto João Pedro , Barbosa Raquel , Mendonça Marcelo , Bugalho Paulo 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious studies revealed an association between vascular comorbidities and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the severity of motor and cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a lack of studies assessing the entire spectrum of non‐motor symptoms (NMS).ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between vascular comorbidities and NMS in PD patients.MethodsPatients were assessed at baseline and 4 years later with the Non‐Motor Symptom Assessment Scale, Parkinson's Psychosis Questionnaire, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Apathy scale. After tetrachoric correlation matrix, we conducted linear regression models (adjusted for age, gender, disease duration, and UPDRS‐III) to investigate the relationship between vascular comorbidities and NMS.ResultsIn 73 PD patients, (mean disease duration 7.1 [5.3]), 57% had hypertension, 44% body mass index >25, 44% elevated cholesterol, 15% diabetes mellitus, 15% OSA, 14% cigarette‐smoking history, 8% prior stroke, and 8% coronary disease. Cognition, psychotic symptoms, apathy, urinary function, and miscellaneous domains significantly worsened at the 4‐year follow‐up. OSA was significantly associated with higher severity of hallucinations/illusions at baseline and with a more severe deterioration of attention/memory, psychotic symptoms, and apathetic mood at the 4‐year follow‐up. At baseline, but not at follow‐up, hypertension was negatively associated with miscellaneous domain scores and coronary disease with autonomic function scores (gastrointestinal tract and urinary function domains).ConclusionAmong PD‐associated comorbidities, OSA was the main factor of decline. In addition to cognitive impairment, OSA might also potentially worsen psychotic symptoms and apathy. Treatment of OSA could be a strategy to improve these important NMS.
Wideband dual‐polarized antenna with high isolation for full‐duplex application
Authors: Wu Duo‐Long , Zhu Wen J. , Yang Kang Y. , Ye Liang H. , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA wideband dual‐polarized antenna with high isolation is proposed for full‐duplex applications. It consists of a radiating patch, two E‐shaped strips, a parasitic patch, a metal reflector, and a 180° power divider. Two hook‐shaped strips and a pair of E‐shaped strips are used to excite the radiating patch realize ±45° polarization. The impedance matching is significantly enhanced by the attendance of the parasitic patch and 180° power divider. Multiple decoupling techniques, including polarization diversity, radiation mechanism diversity, shunt effect of a shorting pin, and differential feeding, are simultaneously used to achieve high isolation. An antenna prototype is measured with an impedance bandwidth of 52.2% (1.7–2.9 GHz) for |S11|, |S22| < −10 dB, and high isolation of better than 55 dB. These characteristics make it a promising candidate for in‐band full‐duplex wireless communication systems.
Wideband decoupling technique for two‐element antenna array by using pixel neutralization line
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Feng , He Yangyang , Wu Wen‐Jing , Chen Shichang , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis letter proposes a high isolation two‐element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna by using a wideband pixel neutralization line (NL). The design procedures are simplified as follows: (1) Obtaining the Y‐parameters of the original two‐element antenna with a grid of microstrip stubs, and discrete ports are inserted among microstrip stubs; (2) obtaining the binary codes of the optimum route. Importing Y‐parameters into MATLAB, and using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimum connection route by design formulas upon scattering matrix which guarantees high isolation; (3) translating the binary codes into the actual connection metallic lines; (4) adding the designed pixel NL and appropriate matching branches into EM simulator to optimize the antenna; (5) obtaining a high isolation two‐element antenna. The original two‐element antenna has poor isolation with the main path coupling, and the pixel NL provides an auxiliary coupling path between two elements. By adjusting pixel NL, the magnitude strengths of two coupling signals realize the same, while the phases are exactly opposite. Therefore, the wideband high isolation between antenna elements is realized. To verify the practicability of the proposed pixel decoupling neutral line, a reference and proposed two‐element MIMO antennas are fabricated and measured. In the experiment, the isolation of the proposed two‐element antenna with an edge‐to‐edge distance of 0.0943λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength in free space at the center frequency) is enhanced by about 17 dB in the working frequency band from 0.975 to 1.025 GHz. Besides, an L‐typed feeding network is added to guarantee a good matching condition. The proposed two‐element antenna has a size of 0.617λ0 × 0.667λ0, and the dimension of each radiation patch is 0.3267λ0 × 0.0725λ0. The proposed GA algorithm‐based decoupling technique has a significant superiority over traditional ones. Efficient, simple, and one‐time EM simulation are its major advantages, which can liberate the RF engineer from the heavy debugging work.
Artificial intelligence–based CT metrics used in predicting clinical outcome of COVID‐19 in young and middle‐aged adults
Authors: Xudong Yu , Weihong Liu , Feng Xia , Yanli Li , Weishun Lan , Fengjun Zhang , Jiao Gao , Jiawei Li , Xiaolu Huang , Huailiang Huang , Jianye Liang , Sihui Zeng , Chuanmiao Xie , Hanhui Li , Liang Mao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, most researchers mainly analyzed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia visually or qualitatively, probably somewhat time‐consuming and not precise enough.PurposeThis study aimed to excavate more information, such as differences in distribution, density, and severity of pneumonia lesions between males and females in a specific age group using artificial intelligence (AI)‐based computed tomography (CT) metrics. Besides, these metrics were incorporated into a clinical regression model to predict the short‐term outcome.Materials and methodsThe clinical, laboratory information and a series of HRCT images from 49 patients, aged from 20 to 50 years and confirmed with COVID‐19, were collected. The volumes and percentages of infection (POIs) among bilateral lungs and each bronchopulmonary segment were extracted using uAI‐Discover‐NCP software (version R001). The POI in three HU ranges (i.e., <−300, −300–49, and ≥50 HU representing ground‐glass opacity [GGO], mixed opacity, and consolidation) were also extracted. Hospital stay was predicted with several POI after adjusting days from illness onset to admission, leucocytes, lymphocytes, C‐reactive protein, age, and gender using a multiple linear regression model. A total of 91 patients aged 20–50 from public database were selected.ResultsRight lower lobes had the highest POI, followed by left lower lobes, right upper lobes, middle lobes, and left upper lobes. The distributions in lung lobes and segments were different between the sexes. Men had a higher total POI and GGO of the lungs, but less consolidation than women in initial CT (all p < 0.05). The total POI, percentage of consolidation on initial CT, and changed POI were positively correlated with hospital stay in the model. A total of 91 patients aged 20–50 years in the public database were selected, and AI segmentation was performed. The POI of the lower lobes was obviously higher than that in the upper lobes; the POI of each segment of the right upper lobe in the males was higher than that in the females, which was consistent with the result of the 49 patients previously.ConclusionBoth men and women had characteristic distributions in lung lobes and bronchopulmonary segments. AI‐based CT quantitative metrics can provide more precise information regarding lesion distribution and severity to predict clinical outcome.
Size‐adaptive mediastinal multilesion detection in chest CT images via deep learning and a benchmark dataset
Authors: Wang Jun , Ji Xiawei , Zhao Mengmeng , Wen Yaofeng , She Yunlang , Deng Jiajun , Chen Chang , Qian Dahong , Lu Hongbing , Zhao Deping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeMany deep learning methods have been developed for pulmonary lesion detection in chest computed tomography (CT) images. However, these methods generally target one particular lesion type, that is, pulmonary nodules. In this work, we intend to develop and evaluate a novel deep learning method for a more challenging task, detecting various benign and malignant mediastinal lesions with wide variations in sizes, shapes, intensities, and locations in chest CT images.MethodsOur method for mediastinal lesion detection contains two main stages: (a) size‐adaptive lesion candidate detection followed by (b) false‐positive (FP) reduction and benign–malignant classification. For candidate detection, an anchor‐free and one‐stage detector, namely 3D‐CenterNet is designed to locate suspicious regions (i.e., candidates with various sizes) within the mediastinum. Then, a 3D‐SEResNet‐based classifier is used to differentiate FPs, benign lesions, and malignant lesions from the candidates.ResultsWe evaluate the proposed method by conducting five‐fold cross‐validation on a relatively large‐scale dataset, which consists of data collected on 1136 patients from a grade A tertiary hospital. The method can achieve sensitivity scores of 84.3% ± 1.9%, 90.2% ± 1.4%, 93.2% ± 0.8%, and 93.9% ± 1.1%, respectively, in finding all benign and malignant lesions at 1/8, 1/4, ½, and 1 FPs per scan, and the accuracy of benign–malignant classification can reach up to 78.7% ± 2.5%.ConclusionsThe proposed method can effectively detect mediastinal lesions with various sizes, shapes, and locations in chest CT images. It can be integrated into most existing pulmonary lesion detection systems to promote their clinical applications. The method can also be readily extended to other similar 3D lesion detection tasks.
Patterns of Hatchery-Produced Returns of American Shad in the James River, Virginia
Authors: McGrath Patrick E. , Watkins Brian E. , Magee Ashleigh , Hilton Eric J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
American Shad Alosa sapidissima is an anadromous clupeid that once supported a robust fishery but has declined drastically throughout its native range due to overfishing, dam proliferation, and poor water quality. A hatchery program on the James River in Virginia was introduced in 1992 to support the recovery of stocks. Following a moratorium of the fishery enacted in 1994, a fisheries-independent survey was initiated in 1998 to monitor the population recovery efforts and status of American Shad stocks in Virginia. This paper examined 22 years of monitoring data for the James River and determined the effect of hatchery inputs on the James River stock of American Shad. The spawning stock index increased from 2.57 in 1998 to a peak of 9.33 in 2003 but has generally been declining since and has been at very low levels in most recent years. The hatchery prevalence for female American Shad (i.e., the percentage of fish derived from the hatchery) ranged between 3.6% and 60.5%. Years with higher spawning stock index values were significantly correlated to higher percentages of hatchery fish returning to spawn. The stock–recruitment relationship was best explained by the Ricker model, which had the lowest residual standard error and Akaike information criterion value. A threshold level of hatchery-released individuals (approximately 4 million larvae) was necessary to achieve the highest numbers of returning spawners, but stocking above 7 million larvae correlated with declining returns. Long-term monitoring of the James River American Shad spawning population allowed for the critical examination of the contribution of hatchery individuals to the yearly spawning run and the relative success rate of each hatchery year-class. From these data, we consider that the James River spawning stock of American Shad was dependent upon hatchery inputs, with ideal hatchery returns occurring during years of moderate levels of hatchery stocking.
Spatial Variability of Silver Carp Population Demographics in a Large Tributary River
Authors: Werner Jacob P. , Dean Quintin J. , Pegg Mark A. , Hamel Martin J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix have expanded their range to encompass most of the Mississippi River basin, including much of the Missouri River. However, there is a paucity of information concerning Silver Carp in the Missouri River basin, especially in tributaries. Little is known about how Silver Carp function in these tributaries or how connectivity with a main-stem river can influence population demographics within either system. The Kansas River is a tributary to the Missouri River and has multiple physical anthropogenic barriers creating varying levels of connectivity within the system, as well as with the Missouri River. These varying levels of connectivity, or lack thereof, provide a unique opportunity to examine population demographics in river segments separated by barriers. We collected Silver Carp from upstream and downstream of the first two barriers on the Kansas River in the summers of 2018 and 2019. No Silver Carp were captured upstream of a hydropower dam at river kilometer 84 but were found upstream of a water diversion weir at river kilometer 24. Catch rates of adult Silver Carp were lower in the reach above the weir, but Silver Carp caught in this reach exhibited greater growth rates than Silver Carp captured below the weir. Catch rates of juveniles were also lower in the reach above the weir. Limited connectivity within the Kansas River via the water diversion weir could influence size structure and catch rates of Silver Carp captured above and below the weir. Lack of juveniles above the weir indicates that reproduction may be limited in this reach, and river conditions below the weir may be more suitable for rearing juvenile Silver Carp. This information is important for understanding Silver Carp population demographics across a range of river environments, providing critical information for the development and implementation of broadscale control plans.
Distributionally risk‐receptive and risk‐averse network interdiction problems with general ambiguity set
Authors: Kang Sumin , Bansal Manish 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe introduce generalizations of stochastic network interdiction problem with distributional ambiguity. Specifically, we consider a distributionally risk‐averse (or robust) network interdiction problem (DRA‐NIP) and a distributionally risk‐receptive network interdiction problem (DRR‐NIP) where a leader maximizes a follower's minimal expected objective value for either the worst‐case or the best‐case, respectively, probability distribution belonging to ambiguity set (a set of distributions). The DRA‐NIP arises in applications where a risk‐averse leader interdicts a follower to cause delays in their supply convoy. In contrast, the DRR‐NIP provides network vulnerability analysis where a network‐user seeks to identify vulnerabilities in the network against potential disruptions by an adversary (or leader) who is receptive to risk for improving the expected objective values. We present finitely convergent algorithms for solving DRA‐NIP and DRR‐NIP with a general ambiguity set. To evaluate their performance, we provide results of our extensive computational experiments performed on instances known for (risk‐neutral) stochastic NIP.
Deep learning‐based reduced order models for the real‐time simulation of the nonlinear dynamics of microstructures
Authors: Fresca Stefania , Gobat Giorgio , Fedeli Patrick , Frangi Attilio , Manzoni Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe propose a non‐intrusive deep learning‐based reduced order model (DL‐ROM) capable of capturing the complex dynamics of mechanical systems showing inertia and geometric nonlinearities. In the first phase, a limited number of high fidelity snapshots are used to generate a POD‐Galerkin ROM which is subsequently exploited to generate the data, covering the whole parameter range, used in the training phase of the DL‐ROM. A convolutional autoencoder is employed to map the system response onto a low‐dimensional representation and, in parallel, to model the reduced nonlinear trial manifold. The system dynamics on the manifold is described by means of a deep feedforward neural network that is trained together with the autoencoder. The strategy is benchmarked against high fidelity solutions on a clamped‐clamped beam and on a real micromirror with softening response and multiplicity of solutions. By comparing the different computational costs, we discuss the impressive gain in performance and show that the DL‐ROM truly represents a real‐time tool which can be profitably and efficiently employed in complex system‐level simulation procedures for design and optimization purposes.
Multiple occurrences of the rare Uto‐Aztecan premolar variant in Hungary point to ancient ties between populations of western Eurasia and the Americas
Authors: Scott G. Richard , Dern Laresa L. , Evinger Sandor , O'Rourke Dennis H. , Hoffecker John F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Uto‐Aztecan premolar (UAP) is a rare dental morphological variant long thought to be restricted to non‐Arctic Native Americans. The recent discovery of four individuals with this trait in a Hungarian sample invites reassessment of its geographic distribution. Our goal is to assess the variation of this trait on a global level and provide an explanation for its distribution. Observations on over 300 medieval Hungarian dentitions, along with data from the C.G. Turner II database, provide the authors with a global perspective on the distribution of UAP. In addition to four instances of UAP from Hungary, additional European cases have been reported from Germany, Spain, Yugoslavia, and France. Although the trait is most common in non‐Arctic Native Americans, it is absent in Africa, Arctic America, the Pacific, and Asia with a few isolated and problematic exceptions. Most papers on UAP have focused on the trait's presence in the Americas with some authors suggesting a possible New World mutation. Although rare outside of the Americas, four examples from Hungary, in addition to other reported cases from Europe, suggest a more complex history of the UAP. Recent paleogenomic research indicates that direct gene flow from a west Eurasian lineage to an Ancient Native American population may have taken place after their divergence from the ancestral Arctic Native American population (Ancient Paleo‐Siberians), thus explaining its current distribution among Europeans and non‐Arctic Native Americans.
Development of efficient energy absorption components for crashworthiness applications: An experimental study
Authors: Alshahrani Hassan , Sebaey Tamer A. , Hegazy Dalia A. , El‐baky Marwa A. Abd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work experimentally investigates the quasi‐static crush response and energy absorption of glass‐reinforced epoxy thin‐walled crash box filled with nano‐aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The effect of the triggering (45 edge chamfering) and the weight percentage (wt%) of Al2O3 on the crushing performance have been studied. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) were adapted to show the elemental composition of the fabricated samples' surfaces. To follow the fracture mechanism, visual inspection, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. Two‐parameter Weibull distribution function was employed to statistically analyze the experimental results. Failure probability curves were established to help the designers in selecting the suitable material for energy‐absorbing applications. Results indicated that for untriggered glass/epoxy composite crash boxes, the inclusion of 1, 2, and 3 wt% of nano‐Al2O3 leads to an increase of, respectively, 16.34%, 48.46%, and 68.70% in the absorbed energy (U). While there is a decrease of 32.72% in (U) when adding 4 wt% of nano‐Al2O3. An enrichment of 9.00%, 18.04%, 31.53%, and 11.30% in crush force efficiency (CFE) was reached by the inclusion of, respectively, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt% of nano‐Al2O3. Triggering has a considerable effect on the crashworthiness parameters of the fabricated composite crash boxes. A decrease of 6.56%, 10.11%, 4.01%, 4.76%, and 11.62% in the initial peak load (), an enrichment of 34.10%, 26.06%, 26.77%, 18.08%, and 28.97% in (CFE) and an improvement of 36.43%, 31.32%, 29.27%, 12.99%, and 52.47% in (U) were reported for composite crash boxes filled with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt% of nano‐Al2O3. It is obvious that glass/epoxy triggered composite crash boxes filled with 3 wt% of nano‐Al2O3 are appropriate to be used as energy absorbing device employed in vehicles due to their enhanced energy absorbing capabilities.
Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: A review
Authors: Pencole Lucile , Sibiude Jeanne , Weingertner A. S. , Mandelbrot Laurent , Vauloup‐Fellous Christelle , Picone Olivier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionLymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) uses rodents such as mice and hamsters as its principal reservoir. When women acquire LCMV during pregnancy because of contact with rodents, it can lead to congenital LCMV infection, which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Although the number of cases reported in the literature is increasing, LCMV is rarely mentioned because a history of exposure to rodents is uncommon and mostly unknown.ObjectivesThe main objective of this article was to summarize all morphological, antenatal, and postnatal abnormalities that may suggest a congenital LCMV infection.MethodsWe reviewed PubMed case reports and case series where an antenatal and/or a postnatal description of at least one case of congenital LCMV infection was documented.ResultsWe found 70 cases of congenital LCMV infection, 68 of which had antenatal or postnatal brain abnormalities, which were mainly chorioretinitis (59/70), hydrocephaly (37/70), microcephaly (22/70), ventriculomegaly (11/70) and periventricular calcifications (11/70). Antenatal and postnatal extracerebral abnormalities were mainly small for gestational age, ascites, cardiomegaly or anemia. Other organ damage was rare, but could include skin abnormalities, hydrops or hepatosplenomegaly. Seventy percent (49/70) of cases had major cerebral abnormalities that could have been detected by antenatal ultrasound examination. Congenital LCMV infection is associated with a significant mortality rate (30%) and survivors often have severe neurologic sequelae.ConclusionLCMV is a rare congenital infection, but awareness of the various prenatal ultrasound morphological abnormalities should be improved, and LCMV should be considered when first‐line etiological explorations are negative, especially when the mother's medical history indicates exposure to rodents.