bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex related inequalities in the management and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome in Switzerland: cross sectional study
Authors: Huber Elodie , Le Pogam Marie-Annick , Clair Carole 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the differences in the management and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome in men and women who were admitted to hospital for acute coronary syndrome.DesignCross sectional study.SettingDischarge data from Swiss hospitals linked at the hospital and patient levels.Participants224 249 adults (18 years and older) were admitted to hospital for acute coronary syndrome between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2017 in any Swiss hospital, of which 72 947 (32.5%) were women. People who were discharged against medical advice were excluded.ResultsWomen admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndrome were older than their male counterparts (mean age 74.9 years (standard deviation 12.4)v67.0 years (13.2)). Irrespective of acute coronary syndrome type, women were less likely to undergo diagnostic procedures, such as coronary angiography (adjusted odds ratio 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.82) for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctionv0.87 (0.84 to 0.91) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction)) and ventriculography (0.84 (0.82 to 0.87)v0.90 (0.87 to 0.91)). Women were also less likely to receive treatments, such as percutaneous coronary intervention (0.67 (0.65 to 0.69)v0.76 (0.73 to 0.78)) and coronary artery bypass graft (0.57 (0.53 to 0.61)v0.79 (0.72 to 0.87)). Women had a poorer prognosis than men, with a higher likelihood of healthcare related complications (1.10 (1.06 to 1.15)v1.14 (1.09 to 1.21)) and of a longer hospital stay (1.24 (1.20 to 1.27)v1.24 (1.20 to 1.29)). In non-adjusted models, the likelihood of death in hospital was higher among women (odds ratio 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.37) for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctionv1.75 (1.66 to 1.85) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction), but the association was reversed for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (adjusted odds ratio 0.87 (0.82 to 0.92)) or was non-significant for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (1.00 (0.94 to 1.06)) after adjustment for confounding variables. The main effect modifier was age: younger women were more likely to die than men of the same age and older women were less likely to die than men of the same age. For example, women who were younger than 50 years had a 38% increased likelihood of dying compared with men of the same age range (adjusted odds ratio 1.38 (1.04 to 1.83)).ConclusionsSex inequalities were reported in the management of heart disease in this population of patients from a high income country with good healthcare coverage. These differences affect mortality and morbidity, especially in younger women. Efforts are needed to overcome these inequalities, including educational programmes aimed at healthcare professionals.
Role of multiresolution vulnerability indices in COVID-19 spread in India: a Bayesian model-based analysis
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rupam , Burman Anik , Singh Kalpana , Banerjee Sayantan , Maity Subha , Auddy Arnab , Rout Sarit Kumar , Lahoti Supriya , Panda Rajmohan , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesCOVID-19 has differentially affected countries, with health infrastructure and other related vulnerability indicators playing a role in determining the extent of its spread. Vulnerability of a geographical region to COVID-19 has been a topic of interest, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries like India to assess its multifactorial impact on incidence, prevalence or mortality. This study aims to construct a statistical analysis pipeline to compute such vulnerability indices and investigate their association with metrics of the pandemic growth.DesignUsing publicly reported observational socioeconomic, demographic, health-based and epidemiological data from Indian national surveys, we compute contextual COVID-19 Vulnerability Indices (cVIs) across multiple thematic resolutions for different geographical and spatial administrative regions. These cVIs are then used in Bayesian regression models to assess their impact on indicators of the spread of COVID-19.SettingThis study uses district-level indicators and case counts data for the state of Odisha, India.Primary outcome measureWe use instantaneous R (temporal average of estimated time-varying reproduction number for COVID-19) as the primary outcome variable in our models.ResultsOur observational study, focussing on 30 districts of Odisha, identified housing and hygiene conditions, COVID-19 preparedness and epidemiological factors as important indicators associated with COVID-19 vulnerability.ConclusionHaving succeeded in containing COVID-19 to a reasonable level during the first wave, the second wave of COVID-19 made greater inroads into the hinterlands and peripheral districts of Odisha, burdening the already deficient public health system in these areas, as identified by the cVIs. Improved understanding of the factors driving COVID-19 vulnerability will help policy makers prioritise resources and regions, leading to more effective mitigation strategies for the present and future.
Use of social media platforms by migrant and ethnic minority populations during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Goldsmith Lucy Pollyanna , Rowland-Pomp May , Hanson Kristin , Deal Anna , Crawshaw Alison F , Hayward Sally E , Knights Felicity , Carter Jessica , Ahmad Ayesha , Razai M , Vandrevala Tushna , Hargreaves Sally 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveMigrants and ethnic minority groups have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and have lower levels of vaccine uptake in some contexts. We aimed to determine the extent and nature of social media use in migrant and ethnic minority communities for COVID-19 information, and implications for preventative health measures including vaccination intent and uptake.DesignA systematic review of published and grey literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched databases including Embase, Web of Science, PubMed NIH, CINAHL, facilitated through the WHO Global Research on COVID-19 database from 31 December 2019 to 9 June 2021.Eligibility criteria for study selectionResearch reporting the use of social media by migrants and/or ethnic minority groups in relation to COVID-19.Data extractionWe extracted data on key outcomes, study design, country, population under study and sample size.Results1849 unique records were screened, and 21 data sources were included, including populations in the UK, USA, China, Jordan, Qatar and Turkey. We found evidence of consistent use of a range of social media platforms for COVID-19 information in some migrant and ethnic minority populations (including WeChat, Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube), which may stem from difficulty in accessing COVID-19 information in their native languages or from trusted sources. Some evidence suggested circulating misinformation and social media use may be associated with lower participation in preventative health measures, including vaccine intent and uptake, findings which are likely relevant to multiple population groups.ConclusionsSocial media platforms are an important source of information about COVID-19 for some migrant and ethnic minority populations. Urgent actions and further research are now needed to better understand effective approaches to tackling circulating misinformation, and to seize on opportunities to better use social media platforms to support public health communication and improve vaccine uptake.RegistrationThis study has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021259190).
Better assessment of neonatal jaundice at home (BEAT Jaundice @home): protocol for a prospective, multicentre diagnostic study
Authors: Westenberg Lauren E H , van der Geest Berthe A M , Lingsma Hester F , Nieboer Daan , Groen Henk , Vis Jolande Y , Ista Erwin , Poley Marten J , Dijk Peter H , Steegers Eric A P , Reiss Irwin K M , Hulzebos Christian V , Been Jasper V 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSevere neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia can place a neonate at risk for acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus spectrum disorder. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent these deleterious sequelae. Currently, screening by visual inspection followed by laboratory-based bilirubin (LBB) quantification is used to identify hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates cared for at home in the Netherlands. However, the reliability of visual inspection is limited. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of universal transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening as compared with visual inspection to: (1) increase the detection of hyperbilirubinaemia necessitating treatment, and (2) reduce the need for heel pricks to quantify bilirubin levels. In parallel, we will evaluate a smartphone app (Picterus), and a point-of-care device for quantifying total bilirubin (Bilistick) as compared with LBB.Methods and analysisWe will undertake a multicentre prospective cohort study in nine midwifery practices across the Netherlands. Neonates born at a gestational age of 35 weeks or more are eligible if they: (1) are at home at any time between days 2 and 8 of life; (2) have their first midwife visit prior to postnatal day 6 and (3) did not previously receive phototherapy. TcB and the Picterus app will be used after visual inspection. When LBB is deemed necessary based on visual inspection and/or TcB reading, Bilistick will be used in parallel. The coprimary endpoints of the study are: (1) hyperbilirubinaemia necessitating treatment; (2) the number of heel pricks performed to quantify LBB. We aim to include 2310 neonates in a 2-year period. Using a decision tree model, a cost-effectiveness analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Medical Research Ethical Committee of the Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Netherlands (MEC-2020-0618). Parents will provide written informed consent. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberDutch Trial Register (NL9545).
Novel care pathway to optimise antimicrobial prescribing for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia: study protocol for a prospective before–after cohort study in the emergency department of a tertiary care Canadian children’s hospital
Authors: Pernica Jeffrey M , Kam April J , Eltorki Mohamed , Khan Sarah , Goldfarb David M , Smaill Fiona , Wong Jacqueline , Ewusie Joycelyne , Smieja Marek , Sung Melani , Mertz Dominik , Thabane Lehana , Loeb Mark 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionEvidence-based recommendations for paediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) diagnosis and management are needed. Uncomplicated CAP is often caused by respiratory viruses, especially in younger children; these episodes self-resolve without antibiotic treatment. Unfortunately, there are no clinical criteria that reliably discriminate between viral and bacterial disease, and so the majority of children diagnosed with CAP are given antibiotics—even though these will often not help and may cause harm. We have developed a novel care pathway that incorporates point-of-care biomarkers, radiographic patterns, microbiological testing and targeted follow-up. The primary study objective is to determine if the care pathway will be associated with less antimicrobial prescribing.Methods and analysisA prospective, before–after, study. Previously well children aged≥6 months presenting to a paediatric emergency department (ED) that have at least one respiratory symptom/sign, receive chest radiography, and are diagnosed with CAP by the ED physician will be eligible. Those with medical comorbidities, recently diagnosed pulmonary infection, or ongoing fever after≥4 days of antimicrobial therapy will be excluded. In the control (before) phase, eligible participants will be managed as per the standard of care. In the intervention (after) phase, eligible participants will be managed as per the novel care pathway. The primary outcome will be the proportion of participants in each phase who receive antimicrobial treatment for CAP. The secondary outcomes include: clinical cure; re-presentation to the ED; hospitalisation; time to resolution of symptoms; drug adverse events; caregiver satisfaction; child absenteeism from daycare/school; and caregiver absenteeism from work.Ethics and disseminationAll study documentation has been approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board and informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Data from this study will be presented at major conferences and published in peer-reviewed publications to facilitate collaborations with networks of clinicians experienced in the dissemination of clinical guidelines.Trial registration numberNCT05114161.
Pregnancy among adolescent girls in humanitarian settings: a case in refugee camp of Gambella regional state, community-based cross-sectional study, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Bol Koang Nyak , Negera Ebissa , Gedefa Abdi Geda 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pregnancy and associated factors among adolescent girls in Nguenyyiel Refugee Camp.DesignCross-sectional study was employed to conduct this study.SettingA community-based cross-sectional study was done in Nguenyyiel Refugee Camp.ParticipantsFour hundred and fourteen adolescent girls participated in this study. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data were collected using a well-structured and pretested questionnaire. Pregnancy test was done using the human chorionic gonadotropin test. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was run to identify factors associated with adolescent pregnancy.ResultsThe prevalence of pregnancy among adolescent girls in the Nguenyyiel Refugee Camp was 21.7% (95% CI: 17.6% to 25.6%). Factors associated with adolescent pregnancy were age (17–19 years) (AOR): 2.79; 95% CI: 1.55 to 5.05; educational status: primary education (AOR: 7.69; 95% CI: 3.55 to 16.68) and no formal education (AOR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.59 to 7.36); and household living arrangement: living with none of the biological parents (AOR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.02 to 4.49) and living with either of the biological parent (AOR: 3.71; 95% CI: 1.76 to 7.81).Conclusions and recommendationsThis study showed that there is a high prevalence of pregnancy among adolescent girls in the study setting. Age (17–19 years), educational status and household living arrangement (living with none of the biological parents and living with either of the biological parents) were among the factors significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy. Hence, health workers and other stakeholders in the camps should focus on strengthening adolescent sexual health education giving special attention to late adolescents, uneducated and living without biological family.
Scoping review protocol to map studies on self-healing practices for suicide loss survivors
Authors: Putri Adelia Khrisna , Armstrong Gregory , Andriessen Karl 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSuicide loss survivors often find it challenging to access professional help due to social stigma despite being at a higher risk of developing suicidal behaviour and mental health problems. Most available grief interventions are professional-led and heavily rely on help-seeking behaviour. Self-healing is a growing alternative intervention that is still relatively under-researched for suicide-bereaved individuals. This scoping review aims to determine the extent to which self-healing research has been undertaken, how well all subpopulations and geographical areas are represented, the methodologies used and outcomes associated with self-healing practices in suicide-related grief. The research gap in this area will be highlighted to inform future study direction.Method and analysisThe proposed review will be guided by the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley in 2015. Articles will be retrieved from CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed publications that provide data on self-healing practices within the context of suicide loss survivors will be included. The research team will screen the retrieved articles through a two-step screening process: (1) Title and abstract screening and (2) full-text screening. The reporting of the scoping review will be done following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guideline.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethical approval because it will synthesise information from available publications. Results of this scoping review will be submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal and potentially be presented at relevant conferences.
History of abuse is associated with thoughts of harm among patients with pain after accounting for depressive symptoms
Authors: Mohan Nitesh , Zhu Guohao , Hassett Afton L , Fatabhoy Megha G , Pierce Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionScreening for depressive symptoms is often the first step to understanding risk for thoughts of harm among patients with pain. Pain characteristics and history of abuse are also associated with thoughts of harm; however, little is known about these associations after accounting for depressive symptoms. This study examined the association between pain characteristics and history of abuse with thoughts of harm among pain patients with moderate to severe and low to mild depressive symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of patients (n=7510) who presented to a tertiary-care, outpatient pain clinic.ResultsAbuse history was significantly associated with increased odds of reporting thoughts of harm for both patients with moderate to severe depressive symptoms as well as low to mild depressive symptoms. Abuse did not modify the association between any of the pain characteristics and thoughts of harm.DiscussionOur results highlight the importance of abuse history in assessing thoughts of harm. Although we are unable to infer causality due to the cross-sectional design, this study highlights the importance of screening for abuse history when assessing for suicidal and homicidal ideation.
Serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9): a promising biomarker in diagnosis and follow-up in different subgroups of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: La Céline , Lê Phu Quoc , Ferster Alina , Goffin Laurence , Spruyt Delphine , Lauwerys Bernard , Durez Patrick , Boulanger Cecile , Sokolova Tatiana , Rasschaert Joanne , Badot Valérie 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionIn the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), there is a lack of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This study assesses the use of serum calprotectin (sCal) as a marker to monitor disease activity, and as a classification and prognosis tool of response to treatment or risk of flares in patients with JIA.MethodsEighty-one patients with JIA from the CAP48 multicentric cohort were included in this study, as well as 11 non-paediatric healthy controls. An ELISA method was used to quantify sCal with a commercial kit.ResultsPatients with an active disease compared with healthy controls and with patients with inactive disease showed an eightfold and a twofold increased level of sCal, respectively. sCal was found to be correlated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) and even more strongly with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Evolution of DAS28 scores correlated well with evolution of sCal, as opposed to evolution of CRP. With regard to CRP, sCal could differentiate forms with active oligoarthritis from polyarthritis and systemic forms. However, sCal brought an added value compared with the CRP as a prognosis marker. Indeed, patients with active disease and reaching minimal disease activity (according to Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score) at 6 months following the test had higher sCal levels, while patients with inactive disease had higher sCal levels if a flare was observed up to 3–9 months following the test.ConclusionsThis study confirms the potential uses of sCal as a biomarker in the diagnosis and follow-up of JIA.
Assistive technology in palliative care: a statewide equipment programme
Authors: Manning Bridget , Kelly Renae , Broome Kieran 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis paper examines the impact of the Medical Aids Subsidy Scheme (MASS) Palliative Care Equipment Programme (PCEP), a new initiative across Queensland, Australia, and explores the translational potential of this large scale, comprehensive, government funded programme to other jurisdictions.MethodsThe five dimensions of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework were retrospectively applied to MASS PCEP, with primary programme data compared with data from secondary sources.ResultsExtensive Reach and Adoption of the programme was demonstrated, with 3695 unique clients accessing the programme from the 17 Queensland hospital and health services. Seventy-four per cent of clients had a cancer diagnosis. Operationalising Effectiveness, Implementation and Maintenance dimensions revealed many positive programme aspects at individual and organisational levels, as well as ongoing challenges including transporting equipment to rural and remote regions and the impact on the workforce to respond to referrals and prescribe assistive products. Programme participants had a shorter public hospital stay (4.5 days), compared with the Queensland palliative care average (7.1 days).ConclusionsThe programme has high translational potential to other jurisdictions. Assistive equipment at the end stages of life may enhance well-being by extending time spent at home, increasing independence and reducing carer burden.
Sterile neutrinos, $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ decay and the W-boson mass anomaly in a flipped SU(5) from F-theory
Authors: Basiouris Vasileios , Leontaris George K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigate the low energy properties of an effective local model with flipped $$SU(5)\times U(1)_{\chi }$$

S
U

(
5
)

×
U

(
1
)

χ

gauge group, constructed within the framework of F-theory. Its origin is traced back to the SO(10) symmetry – associated with a geometric singularity of the compactification manifold – broken by an internal flux which is turned on along the seven-brane in the $$U(1)_{\chi }$$

U

(
1
)

χ

direction. Topological properties and the choice of flux parameters determine the massless spectrum of the model to be that of the minimal flipped SU(5) supplemented with an extra right-handed electron-type state and its complex conjugate, $$E^c+{{\bar{E}}}^c$$

E
c

+

E

¯

c

, as well as neutral singlet fields. The subsequent symmetry breaking to the $$SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)_Y$$

S
U

(
3
)

×
S
U

(
2
)

×
U

(
1
)

Y

gauge group occurs with a Higgs pair in $$10+{\overline{10}}$$

10
+

10
¯

representations of SU(5). Next we proceed to the phenomenological analysis of the resulting effective model and the salient outcomes are: The $$E^c+{{\bar{E}}}^c$$

E
c

+

E

¯

c

pair acquires a mass of few TeV and as such could solve the $$g_{\mu }-2$$

g
μ

-
2

discrepancy. Neutrino couplings to extra neutral singlets lead to an inverse seesaw mechanism where an extra light state could be a suitable dark matter candidate. The predictions of the model for the $${0\nu }\beta \beta $$

0
ν

β
β

decay rate could be tested in near future experiments. There are non-unitarity deviations from the lepton mixing matrix $$(U_{PMNS}),$$

(

U

PMNS

)
,

which could in principle explain the new precision measurement of the W-boson mass recently reported by the CDF II collaboration.