bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring 1985
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trans plants were set 12 Mar, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft wide by 8-inch high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. On 15 Apr, at least 1 TSSM-infested bean leaf from a laboratory colony was placed on each plant of each plot. Vendex and Ethion treatments were applied 6, 13, 21 and 28 May; Omite treatments were applied on the latter three dates; and BAS 276 00 I treatments were applied only on the last date. Applications were made with a hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 85-90 gal/acre. On 30 May, the terminal leaflet of the 7th leaf from the top os 10 branches/plot were collected. TSSM were removed from 5 of the leaflets from each plot with a leaf-brushing machine and were deposited on a rotating, detergent-coated glass plate. This was repeated for the remaining 5 leaflets for each plot. The no. of living TSSM on a rectangular cross section of each plate (l/20th of the area of the plate) was counted and the no. were totaled for both plates for each plot. On 5 Jun, the percentage of foliage visibly damaged by TSSM was rated 1-12 by the Horsfall-Barrett rating system where increasing values represent increasing % of affected foliage. Two persons independently rated each plot and their ratings were averaged prior to analysis.
Control of Tomato Fruitworm Control in Puerto Rico on Three Tomato Cultivars, 1984-85
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes werf planted at the Fortuna Research and Development Center of the University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station, Fortuna, PR. Three varieties, PR-82 and PR-101, advanced breeding lines from the Puerto Rico program and the well known U.S. cultivar, Walter, were used. Seedlings were transplanted to the field 10 Dec. Treatments consisted of 4 rows of 5 plants each with 36-inch spacing between rows and 16-inch spacing within rows. Each treatment (variety × spray, including an untreated control) was replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. PR 101 was not included in all of the insecticidal spray treatments because we had insufficient plants. Foliar sprays were either weekly or biweekl) from 17 Dec through 7 Mar using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 50 gal of water/acre at 35 psi. Our intended objective was evaluation of the efficacy of reduced insecticide spray applications for control of tomato pinworm, Keifera lycopersicella (Walsingham), control on 3 tomato line:, thought to vary in pinworm susceptibility. Pinworm populations failed to materialize, however tomato fruitworm was abundant enough to caust economic injury. Plots were harvested 12-13 Mar, and the fruit scored as to marketable (essentially unblemished), showing evidence of fruitworm injury, and unmarketable for reasons other than evident insect injury. The latter category, included cracking and other fruit defects.
Control of Insect Pests of Forage Alfalfa, 1985.
Authors: Arnett W. Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 10-yr-old stand of alfalfa located at the Main Station Field Laboratory, Reno, NV was used for this study. Treatments were applied when alfalfa was 14-16 inches tall with 30-40% of terminals showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 25 × 50 ft with treatments replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activated bicycle plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 18.5 gpa at 35 psi. Treatments were on May 24 and posttreatment samples were taken on May 27, 31 and jun 7, 14 and consisted of 10 sweeps of a standard net taken at random from each replicate. Conditions at treatment were calm, sunny and 78°F. No measurable precipitation occurred during study period.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1984
Authors: Foster David E. , Wintersteen Wendy K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of selected foliar insecticides for the control of potato leafhoppers were tested near Ames, IA. Plots measuring 40 × 70 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on Jul 27 when the crop was in the early bud stage and approximately 12 inches tall. All treatments were applied using a CO2 propelled, 10-ft boom sprayer fitted with Tee Jet 8004 LP flat fan nozzles centered on 20 inches, and mounted on a Honda 100 ATV. All treatments were applied at a pressure of 12 psi and a rate of 10 gal/acre. Weather conditions at the time of treatment were clear with a 2-5 mph breeze from the southwest. The temperature ranged from 74-80°F, and the ca. RH 60%. Leafhopper numbers were sampled immediately prior to and 1, 5, and 10 days after treatment. Samples were taken by making 10 pendulum sweeps along the longitudinal axis of each plot. No phototoxicity was observed.
Armyworm Control in Barley Using Pydrin 2.4EC
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Hynson Teresa P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A completely random experimental design was used with three replications at the Eastern Virginia Research Station in Richmond County, VA. Individual plots were 12 × 12 ft spaced 6 ft apart. Spray concentrate was applied with a CO3 sprayer at 22 psi that delivered 11.7 gal of finished formulation per acre. Flat Fan, Tee Jet AL8002, nozzels were used. The efficacy of Pydrin 2.4EC was determined 1-, 7-, and 14-days after application by inspecting 3 row-ft (on both sides of a single row) for the presence of live larvae.
Efficacy of Comite Against Corn Spider Mites, Aerial Test 1985
Authors: Buschman Lawrent L. , Harrison Lloyd 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in furrow-irrigated corn in Finney County, KS. Two treatments and a check were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in each of 2 fields 3 mi apart. Treatments were applied with a Thrush 600 (wing span = 45.5 ft) flying 105 mph using Spraying Systems #5 hollow cone nozzles at 22 psi and a volume of 2 gpa. Treated plots were 75 rows wide (188 ft) or 3 plane swaths (62.5 ft each), while the untreated plots were 50 rows wide (125 ft). Treatments were applied 23 Jul ca. 1 week pre-tassel, when the sky was overcast, air temperature was 78°F and the wind was 6-10 mph from the SSE. Mites were counted on 3 marked leaves of 5 flagged plants in each plot. The plants were 150 ft from the end of each plot, and were spaced 5 rows apart starting 60 ft from the plot edge. Mite readings were made Jul 24 and 31 and Aug 6, 15, and 28. Predator mites were counted 28 Aug. Grain yields were determined by hand harvesting 10 row-ft from each row including a flagged plant. All yields were corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Efficacy of Three Residual Miticides for Season-Long Spider Mite Control in Corn, 1985
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in furrow-irrigated corn planted at the Garden City Experiment Station in Finney County, KS. Fourteen treatments and a check were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The plots were 4 rows wide (10 ft) and 50 ft long and surrounded by a 10-ft border of untreated corn. Miticide treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer using a 10-ft boom extending over 4 rows. Three hollow cone nozzles were directed at each row (1 nozzle directly over the row and 1 on each side of the row on 18-inch drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal of water with 30 psi of CO2 pressure. The first set of treatments was applied 27 Jun to mid-whorl stage corn (9th collar visible). The second set of treatments was applied 12 Jul to late-whorl stage corn (14th collar visible). The third set of treatments was applied 26 Jul to silk stage corn. Mite counts were made by visually searching the leaves of flagged plants in each plot for larger mites (mostly adult females). These plants had previously been infested (1 wk pretreatment) with mites, 4 plants with TSSM from a newly established greenhouse colony, and 4 plants with Banks grass mites from an infested corn field. This test was designed to test these miticides against both the Banks grass mite and the TSSM; however, the plots were found to contain predominantly TSSM when the posttreatment counts were made. Therefore, the counts from all 8 plants in each plot were combined for analysis. Season totals were computed by summing across sampling dates for each treatment. Where samples were not taken during the early part of the season, the average number of mites in the untreated plots was used to calculate the season totals, 6.7 and 39.9 for 27 Jun and 10 Jul, respectively. The percent TSSM was obtained from mite samples collected with a vacuum sampler from each of the 2 groups of flagged plants in each plot. Forty mites from each sample were selected at random and mounted for microscopic examination and species determination. Grain yields were determined by hand harvesting 20 row-ft from each of the 2 center rows in each plot on 1-4 Sep. All yields were corrected to 15.5% moisture.
No-Till Field Corn, Yield and Infestation Response to Various Insecticides Applied Pre and Post-Emer-Gence for Stalk Borer Control, 1985
Authors: Highland H. Brett , Roberts James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were evaluated for their effect on plant damage and yield in no-till field corn infested with stalk borers in Montgomery County, VA, in a field with a history of stalk borer infestation. Pioneer 3233 field corn was planted on 1 May in 38-inch rows no-till in winter rye. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design measuring 4 rows × 50 ft × 4 replicates per treatment. Pre-emergence tests 1 and 2 were treated on 3 May by tank mixing atrazine at 1.5 qt/acre, simazine at 1.5 qt/acre, paraquat at 1 qt/acre and the different insecticides for each treatment and test with liquid nitrogen at the rate of 50 gal/acre. The postemergence test was treated on 17 May by tank mixing water with the different insecticides plus 3 ml X-77 spreader-sticker and applying the mixture over the plots at the rate of 20 gal/acre. Corn treated postemergence was in the 2-3 true leaf stage. A back pack compressed air sprayer equipped with 2 fan type nozzles (Teejet 8003) delivered the liquid nitrogen, herbicide, insecticide mixtures or the water insecticide mixtures, 3 mph and 30 psi over the 4 rows of each plot. Stalk borer infestations were taken in each test on 31 May by counting the number of infested plants in the middle 2 rows of each plot. Grain yields were determined for each test on 11 Oct by hand harvesting ears out of 25 row ft of each of the middle 2 rows per plot.
Apple, Apollo Summer Threshold Test, 1985
Authors: Hamilton George C. , Herman Elizabeth , Swift Fred C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 15-year-old orchard located at the Rutgers Fruit Research & Development Center, Cream Ridge, NJ was used in this test. Sprays were applied to 3 single-tree replicates of ‘Yellow Delicious’ arranged in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff (ca 5 gal/tree; 300 GPA) using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 200 psi. Sprays were applied on 9 Jul. For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Captan and Polyram as needed. European red mite estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves per replicate, brushing the mites onto glass plates and counting mobile mites. S. punctum densities were estimated by 3-minute counts of larvae, pupae and adults. Mite-days were calculated as follows: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 × Y], where MD1 = mite days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given counting date, M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next counting date after Ml and Y = number of days between Ml and M2. Data were transformed to × + 1, or arcsin (x) prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. In the table numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly different (alpha = 0.05, DMRT).
First Generation European Corn Borer, Handplots, Wray, Co, 1985
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 2 Jul ‘85 to 44 to 48-inch center-pivot irrigated corn. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 11.5 gal/acre at 30 psi through 2 nozzles S003) mounted on a 2.5-ft boom. Granules were applied through a gravity flow metering and spreading device. Plots were 2 50-ft rows separated With a single buffer row and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were evaluated on 25 Jul ‘85 by dissecting 10 plants Which showed leaf feeding damage per plot and counting the number of live 3rd-5th stage larvae and cavities per plant.
Common Stalk Borer Control in No-Till Field Corn, 1985
Authors: Starner Van R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This commercial field test was conducted in cooperation with Matt and Dave Young of Red Knob Farms near Little Britain, PA, in southern Lancaster County. Insecticide applications were made by these farmers with conventional ground equipment. In one 13-acre field a severe common stalk borer infestation had occurred in 1984, requiring replanting. Winter rye was sown in the fall 1984 and was cut for ryelage 25 Apr ‘85. On 9 May ‘85, ‘HP470’ field corn was no-till planted on 30-inch centers using a 4-row White 5400 no-till planter equipped with granular applicators. Furadan 15G was applied at 10 lb/acre (1.5 lb (AI)/acre) the entire length of the field in alternating strips, such that the first 14 rows (35 ft) were treated, then 28 rows not treated, followed by 14 rows treated. Four days later on 13 May ‘85, an herbicidal tank-mix application was made, including Bladex 4L (2.5 pt/acre), Atrazine 4L (2 pt/acre), Paraquat (.5 pt/acre), Dual 8E (1.25 pt/acre) and X-77 (1 pt/acre) in 25 gal water/acre, on the first and third 14-row strips (35 ft boom width). Pydrin 2.4EC at 8 oz/acre (.15 lb(AI)/acre) was then added to this tank-mix and applied to the second and fourth 14-row strips. This exact procedure sample sites each 50 ft long within the middle 2 rows of each of the 14-row treatments established. All plants at each of these sample sites were examined for common stalk borer feeding damage. A second evaluation was similarly conducted on 26 Jun ‘85, using 1 adjacent row on each side of the 2 middle rows of each treatment. All plants damaged by common stalk borer were removed and dissected, and the number of larvae recorded. Actual corn silage yields were determined 11 Sep ‘85 by commercially chopping corn from the middle 2 rows of each 14-row treatment, the entire length of the field. Silage was collected in trucks and weighed at a local scales, and % moisture was determined with the farmers’ moisture tester.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Boll Worms on Cotton in Southern North Carolina, 1985
Authors: Bacheler Jack S. , Mann David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen insecticides were evaluated for bollworm control on cotton near Gibson, NC. Thirteen lb of acid delinted, double coated seed was planted to 40-inch rows on 9 May in Norfolk sandy loam soil. Preplant, pre-emergence and post emergence herbicides were Prowl, Cotoran (banded) and Cotoran (over the top), respectively. Temik was applied at 0.3 lb (AI)/acre in furrow. The previous crop was cotton. The entire test was oversprayed with 0.1 lb (AI)/acre Orthene in early May for thrips control. Plots were 6 rows by 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a backpack CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 8.0 gal/acre with 50 psi at 4 mph with one TX-8 nozzle per row. Treatments were applied on 24 and 29 Jul and 6 Aug. Live bollworms and damaged fruit were monitored by evaluating 25 squares and 25 bolls per plot (total = 100) within 72 h after treatments. The center 2 rows of each plot were machine harvested for yield comparisons.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevil in Dryland Cotton, 1979
Authors: Benedict J. H. , Treacy M. F. , Segers J. C. , Schmidt K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Tynan, TX. Five treatments and a check were compared in 16-row by 100-ft plots of cotton planted 16 Mar on 38-inch rows. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied beginning at the matchhead square stage on 22 and 29 May (an additional application of Dimilin was made on 6 Jun). All applications were made with a high-clearance spray machine. Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by: (1) collecting fleahoppers from a 20-ft section of row in each plot with a D-Vac suction machine, and (2) inspecting 100 square; in each plot for boll weevil damage. Seed cotton for yield analysis was hand-harvested from designated 10-ft sections of row in each plot.
Efficacy of Dipel Against Heliothis Zea in Early-Season Dryland Cotton, 1979
Authors: Benedict J. H. , Treacy M. F. , Segers J. C. , Schmidt K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large-plot field study was conducted on a commercial farm near Kingsville, TX to evaluate the effectiveness of Dipel for control of Heliothis zea. Dipel and an untreated were compared in 100-row by 1400-ft plots of cotton planted 6 Mar on 38-inch rows. Entries were replicated 3 times in a paired block design. Dipel was applied beginning at the first-bloom-stage on 16 and 23 May. Both applications were made with an airplane calibrated to deliver 4 gal total spray/acre. Efficacy of Dipel was evaluated by inspecting 50 squares and 50 bolls in each plot for the presence of Heliothis zea damage. Seed cotton for yield analysis was hand-harvested from designated 13.5-ft sections of row in each plot.
Effect of Selected Early Treatments on Cotton Pests, Predators, Flowering and Leaf Area, 1985
Authors: Burris Gene , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted for determination of early insecticide treatment effects on cotton and the pest/predator complex that occurs in May-Jun. Cotton was planted on 16 Apr in 40 inch rows. Plots were 8 rows × 95 ft replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots, delivering 3 gal/acre with 2 X-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Early season treatments were started at the 2nd fully expanded leaf stage of cotton and applied 4 times; 10, 16, 22, and 27 May. Leaf area measurements were made with a Licor leaf area machine, measuring 10 plants/plot that were removed from the field and immediately processed. White flowers/95 row ft were counted on 17, 19, 24 and 27 Jun. Sweep net data were collected by making 25 sweeps/plot per sampling date. Other insecticides applied for major pest and/or secondary insect control were: 16 Apr, Temik 15G + Terraclor Super-X 0.75 + 0.25 + 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, 7 Jun Capture (2E) 0.05 (AI)/acre, 11 Jun Pydrin (2.4E) + Monitor (4E) 0.1 + 0.125 (AI)/acre, 5 Jul Pydrin (2.4E) + Fundal (4E) 0.05 + 0.125 (AI/acre), 25 Jun Baythroid (2E) 0.03, 6 Aug Curacron (6E) + Galecron (4E) 0.75 + 0.125 (AI)/acre, 12 Aug Guthion (2L) 0.25 (AI/acre), 25 Aug Baythroid (2E) 0.033 (AI)/ acre. On 5 Sep the test was defoliated with Folex + Dropp 1.2 pt/acre + 0.1 lb/acre and Prep 1.0 pt/acre was applied on 11 Sep. Four rows from each plot were harvested on 18 Sep with a 2 row John Deere picker, equipped with a sacking device. Yields were converted to lb seed/cotton/ acre.
Early Season Control of Fleahoppers and the Effect of Insecticides on Beneficial Populations, 1985
Authors: Doss Mike , Price Richard , Neese Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, OK. Stoneville 213 was planted on 29 May at a rate of 20 lb/acre. A randomized complete block design was used in each test. In test 1, plots contained 8 rows, 100 ft long and in test 2 plots were 8 rows, 200 ft long.cotton of one 20-ft section of row per plot. Seed cotton weights were used for analysis. All cotton in each experiment was treated with Azodrin 17 May for thrips control. Cygon was applied 13 Jun for fleahopper control and Cythion RTU was applied 24 Jun for boll weevil control. Ammo was applied 1 and 12 Jul for control of Heliothis spp. Percent control due to treatment was calculated by Henderson’s formula.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Fleahopper in the Texas Blacklands, 1985
Authors: Fitt Johnny R. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 23 Apr on rows spaced 38 inches apart. Plots for the experiment were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of 10 treatments including an internal check. Plots were 12 rows wide and 80 ft long. Insecticides were applied to the inner 8 rows leaving a 4 row buffer between contiguous plots. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gal of solution per acre through TX-4 hollow cone nozzles, spaced 20 inches apart, at 42 psi and 4 mph. Insecticide applications were begun 28 May when fleahopper density levels were about 6 per 30 terminals. Three treatment applications were made at 7-day intervals. Counts of fleahopper abundance were made 6 days after each insecticide application. Density levels were assessed by inspecting 30 plant terminals per plot for fleahopper adults and nymphs. Cotton in each plot was harvested twice. Seed cotton weights were used for statistical analysis. Cotton blooms were counted on plants in 10 row-feet per plot during a 40-day period. Counts of pink and white blooms were made every other day. Some days were missed because of weather. The entire experiment was treated with a mixture of Pydrin and chlordimeform on 30 Jun and 12 Jul for Heliothis spp. control. The Heliothis spp. infestation occurred late enough that it did not obscure the effects that were noted from the earlier fleahopper infestation. Data were analyzed using standard analysis of variance procedures.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevils, 1985
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation to control boll weevils on cotton was conducted at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Cotton was planted on 23 May in 40-inch rows. Eight treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 12 rows × 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer at the rate of 9.7 gal spray/acre (3.4 mph, 50 psi, 2 Teejet TX6 nozzles/row). Foliar applications were made for weevils on 14, 19, 23 and 28 Aug, 3 and 6 Sep. Plots were sprayed with Bolstar as needed to suppress Heliothis spp. Damage was estimated by examining 25 squares collected at random from the middle 4 rows of each plot on 16, 21, 30 Aug, 5 and 9 Sep.
Application of Bollworm Insecticides for Yield Enhancement, 1984
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stoneville 213’ variety cotton was planted 10 May on a Grenada silt loam at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. Four-row plots (40-inch spacing) were 40 ft long. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied beginning at early fruit set on 10, 19, 23, and 27 Jul, and 6, 13, 17, and 24 Aug at 8.4 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi) with a 4-row CO2 pressurized boom attached to the back of a high clearance sprayer. Damaged square counts were made 7 and 23 Aug. The 2 center rows of each plot were machine harvested 29 Oct and 13 Nov.