bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Classify Your Dragons
Authors: Schramm Thilo , Jose Anika , Schmiemann Philipp 
Published: May 2022

We present material and instructions to teach the construction of phylogenetic trees using specifically designed images of dragons. Using fictional creatures, we can control the number and properties of characteristics, as well as present students with a context they might consider interesting. Besides creating evolutionary trees from data, students can learn that trees based on morphological characteristics might contradict and trees based on genetic analysis are a more reliable tool in classification. The material used in this learning environment is freely available, so educators can use and customize it freely.
Students working with this material declared a high motivation to work with the fictional animals and engaged in very active discussions about different classifications of the dragons.
Trends and Resource Use for Kernicterus Hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Bhatt Parth , Parmar Narendrasinh , Ayensu Marian , Umscheid Jacob , Vasudeva Rhythm , Donda Keyur , Doshi Harshit , Dapaah-Siakwan Fredrick 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the trends in hospitalization for kernicterus in the United States from 2006 through 2016.

METHOD
Repeated, cross-sectional analysis of the 2006 to 2016 editions of the Kids’ Inpatient Database. All neonatal hospitalizations with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification code for kernicterus and admitted at age ≤28 days were included.

RESULTS
Among 16 094 653 neonatal hospitalizations from 2006 to 2016, 20.5% were diagnosed with jaundice with overall incidence of kernicterus 0.5 per 100 000. The rate of kernicterus (per 100 000) was higher among males (0.59), Asian or Pacific Islanders (1.04), and urban teaching hospitals (0.72). Between 2006 and 2016, the incidence of kernicterus decreased from 0.7 to 0.2 per 100 000 (P-trend = .03). The overall median length of stay for kernicterus was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR], 3–8 days). The overall median inflation-adjusted cost of hospitalization was $5470 (IQR, $1609–$19 989).

CONCLUSIONS
Although the incidence of kernicterus decreased between 2006 and 2016, its continued occurrence at a higher rate among Asian or Pacific Islander and Black race or ethnicity in the United States require further probing. Multipronged approach including designating kernicterus as a reportable event, strengthening newborn hyperbilirubinemia care practices and bilirubin surveillance, parental empowerment, and removing barriers to care can potentially decrease the rate of kernicterus further.
Artisans Seeking Shelter: Craftspeople Moving to the Countryside and (New) Local Communities
Authors: Rennu Madis , Rõigas Andres , Araste Lii 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNew ecovillage communities, and individuals who simply move from the towns to the countryside in Estonia, are inspired by a desire to be involved in heritage preservation, local customs, and traditional skills. Ecovillages are keen to attract people who are skilled in various traditional handicrafts, while craftspeople, in turn, may encounter fewer problems finding the facilities and raw materials needed to practice their crafts on moving to the countryside. The present paper focuses on activities in five new rural communities from the perspective of craftspeople. We asked them to describe their initial incentives for establishing and joining the respective communities, and the directions of their joint activities. We documented a significant diversity among the five communities. Some were self-evolved, while others had been deliberately established. Some communities had local roots, while others were spearheaded from elsewhere. Some of the communities sought idyllic landscapes and indigenous culture, social life, and friendship, while others valued the region's economic potential. We found highly skilled niche producers in excellently equipped workshops who were involved in so-called content-focused activities in various manor estate buildings renovated with the help of European Union funds, as well as those starting from scratch on principle. Community representatives included those striving for the greatest possible economic independence and minimal ecological footprint, as well as those looking for opportunities to recreate the kind of farming life typical of last century, based on work carried out by people and horses — and, across almost all groups, people with a keen interest in a wide variety of handicraft skills from the past. We also observed other, personal motivations and experiences among our respondents — for example, how they had been invited there, what supported their move, and what they found problematic. We were interested in the present state of affairs: how the community contributes to their new skills and practices; how the new community and other local inhabitants manage communication networks; and how they see themselves and their way of life in their new home. We were keen to find out whether the symbiosis of local nature, old values and skills, and innovative and fresh practical solutions will prove sustainable in the long term.
Notes on the papyri of Plato and the constitution of the text†
Authors: Curtolo Maria Vittoria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In addition to other sources, Plato's dialogues are transmitted via 130 papyri that contribute to the constitution of the text. Starting from the Corpus dei papiri filosofici greci e latini volumes, about 1070 readings preserved by the Platonic papyri have been collected in a database, where they have been classified in different lists. For instance, the papyri may preserve new correct readings or, since in principle they represent half of the tradition, they can be seen as contributing to the choice between adiaphora. In addition, papyri belie conjectures much more than they confirm them, thus rehabilitating the mistrusted medieval text.
The poet, the saint and the imitation of Christ in Venantius Fortunatus’ carmen 5. 6*
Authors: Friedrich Enno 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the paper, I am revisiting the complicated and many-layered interpretation of Ven. Fort. Carm. 5. 6, letter and figure poem. I am adding another layer by including the role of St. Symphorian, who is implicitly present in the poem through the addressee Syagrius, the bishop of Autun, Symphorian’s hometown. The presence of the saint plays together with the story of father and son that is told in the letter; the parallelism of the story in the letter and the saint’s legend could have laid additional pressure on Bishop Syagrius to give into Fortunatus’s plea.
Analysis of power losses in multilevel pulse-width modulation inverters
Authors: Manat Symbat , Yugay Vyacheslav , Kaliaskarov Nurbol 
Published: May 2022

The paper describes the types of multilevel pulse-width modulation, as well as methods for obtaining control signals for the inverter power switches for each of the types. The dependence of the harmonic composition of the output voltage of the inverter on the number of levels and the switching frequency of the keys of each level is analyzed. By modeling, the dependences of the transistor junction temperature on the number of voltage levels, switching frequency and load power are determined. The power switching system of an inverter with phase-shifted pulse-width modulation in high-frequency mode is analyzed, the dependence of switching losses on inductance is investigated. The ways of solving or improving the control systems of the conductivity losses of the converter flowing through the primary winding of a high-frequency transformer during the free-running period are formulated. The importance of this direction for the technological development of the economy, where efficiency improvements can lower individual utility bills, create jobs, and help stabilize electricity prices and volatility is shown. The most important stage of inverter design is called structural synthesis stage – the choice of topology and modulation algorithm that will ensure the greatest efficiency of the device. In addition, since the efficiency and reliability of inverters depend on the efficiency and reliability of secondary electricity consumers, the task of optimizing inverter circuits is a cornerstone for the effective development of technology and economy. The maximum dynamic power loss at a PWM frequency of 1 kHz reaches only 80 watts compared to the static power loss value of 800 watts
Construction of a simulation model for substantiating the parameters of long-term road maintenance contracts
Authors: Kanin Alexander , Kharchenko Anna , Tsybulskyi Vitalii , Sokolova Natalia , Shpyh Alona 
Published: May 2022

This paper reports a study into the main parameters of long-term contracts for the maintenance of roads. Weaknesses in existing methods and models of substantiation of the initial characteristics of contracts have been identified. It is established that the main reason for the transition to long-term contacts in the road sector is the need to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of road asset management. This determines the main goal to maintain the operational condition of all components of roads at a level that ensures the satisfaction of user requirements and contributes to the preservation of assets.
A simulation model for substantiating the parameters of long-term contracts for road maintenance has been built, which makes it possible to simulate forecast assessments of the characteristics of contracts. Underlying this study is the Monte Carlo method, as well as the triangular law of distribution, models of deterioration and restoration of the condition of road elements. Taking into consideration these models, it was established that the error in justifying the parameters of long-term contracts according to the devised method is up to 10 %.
The devised model was tested by applying the developed original LTCsimula program using an example of the section of a motorway with a length of 87.3 km with an average level of requirements. According to the results of the test, the assessment of the laws of distribution of value, as well as the amount of deductions and profits of a long-term contract, was carried out. The calculation results demonstrated the model’s capability to determine the strategies for the maintenance of roads, taking into consideration the risk of implementing a contract with an error of up to 3.9 %.
The practical use of the devised simulation model makes it possible to improve the efficiency of operational maintenance of roads, as well as to save from 10 % to 40 % of the cost of road maintenance
Improving the efficiency of an aircraft power plant with a turboprop engine based on water-methanol mixture injection
Authors: Ulitenko Yurii , Loginov Vasyl , Kravchenko Igor , Popov Viktor , Rasstrygin Oleksandr , Yelans'ky Olexandr 
Published: May 2022

This paper considers a technique for modernizing the power plant (PP) of a regional aircraft. The modernization is based on the injection of water or a water-methanol mixture into the compressor or combustion chamber of a turboprop engine (TPE). An algorithm has been developed for the thermodynamic calculation of TPE parameters, taking into consideration the injected mixture; the mathematical model (MM) has been improved. Methodical studies of the operability and range of application of the improved MM were carried out. The results of mathematical modeling were validated. For verification, the AI-450M turboshaft engine produced by GP Ivchenko-Progress (Ukraine) was used as an object of research. Based on the improved MM, a software module has been developed to study the performance characteristics of a regional aircraft with a TPE. The influence of water injection and a water-methanol mixture on the TPE operating process and the operational characteristics of a regional passenger aircraft has been studied.
The proposed measures could be implemented in existing TPEs. This would allow the operation of aircraft without significant modernization of the airport infrastructure. For TPE, the injection of water and a water-methanol mixture is an alternative way of boosting in order to temporarily improve performance. A given modernization technique could improve the TPE power up to ~10 %, as well as reduce the amount of harmful emissions.
The results obtained showed a satisfactory convergence of estimated and experimental data. The error of the results under the accepted assumptions does not exceed 3 %. The calculation results demonstrate the advantages of injection at the take-off stage of the aircraft to reduce the take-off distance (up to 45 % in hot conditions TAMB=+30 °C) and reduce the time of climbing the echelon (~10 %)
Improvement of the technology of fatty acids obtaining from oil and fat production waste
Authors: Kalyna Viktoriia , Stankevych Serhii , Myronenko Liliia , Hrechko Andrii , Bogatov Oleg , Bragin Oleksandr , Romanov Oleksii , Ogurtsov Yuriy , Semenov Evgeny , Filenko Olesya 
Published: May 2022

Fatty acids are an important component in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical industries. The production of various types of products requires a certain purity and quality of fatty acids. To obtain these compounds, it is promising to use soapstocks, which are waste products of alkaline refining of oils.
The peculiarity of the work lies in determining the effect of the process parameters of soapstock decomposition with sulfuric acid on the saponification number, which is an important production characteristic of fatty acids.
The study used sunflower soapstock according to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4) with a mass fraction of total fat of 69.5 %, fatty acids – 64.5 %. The soapstock was treated with a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 90 °C, the process duration was 40 min. Rational parameters of soapstock treatment were determined: concentration of sulfuric acid in the reaction mass is 80 %, concentration of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid – 50 %. In the experiment interval, the settling duration of the reaction mass does not affect the saponification number of fatty acids. The settling time of 1 hour is effective for the isolation of fatty acids. Under these conditions, the saponification number of fatty acids was 186.4 mg KOH/g. The acids correspond to fatty acids of the first grade according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7): mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.2 %, mass fraction of total fat – 97.5 %, cleavage depth – 95.0 % oleic acid.
The obtained data allow rational and most efficient use of the reagent – sulfuric acid. The results of the work make it possible to reduce the duration of fatty acids obtaining from soapstocks, since the efficiency of the process with the minimum duration of mass settling has been confirmed. The improved technology of soapstock decomposition makes it possible to obtain a valuable product – high-quality fatty acids under rational conditions
optimizing geometric parameters for the rotor of a traction synchronous reluctance motor assisted by partitioned permanent magnets
Authors: Liubarskyi Borys , Iakunin Dmytro , Nikonov Oleh , Liubarskyi Dmytro , Yeritsyan Bagish 
Published: May 2022

This paper considers partitioning parameters and the mutual arrangement of magnets in the rotor of the traction synchronous-jet engine with permanent partitioned magnets. The synthesis of geometrical parameters for the rotor of a synchronous reluctance motor with partitioned permanent magnets was proposed on the basis of solving the problem of conditional optimization. To solve the synthesis problem, a mathematical model has been built to determine the electromagnetic momentum of a synchronous reluctance motor with partitioned permanent magnets. It is based on the calculation of the electromagnetic momentum of the engine employing the results of a finite-element analysis of the magnetic field in the flat-parallel statement of the problem. The model is implemented in the finite-element analysis FEMM environment and makes it possible to determine the electromagnetic momentum of the engine with a variety of partitioning of permanent magnets. As an analysis problem, it is proposed to use a mathematical model of the magnetic field of the engine. The problem of conditional optimization of the rotor of a synchronous reluctance motor was stated according to the geometric criteria of the rotor. Restrictions are set on geometric, strength indicators, as well as on the level of electromagnetic momentum. The chosen optimization method is the Nelder-Mead method.
Based on the results of solving the problem of synthesizing parameters for the partitioned rotor of the traction motor of trolleybus wheels, it was established that the volume of permanent magnets was reduced by 2.27 times compared to the base structure; their optimal geometric dimensions were determined (5 mm, 5.2 mm, and 5 mm), as well as the distance between them, 17.8 mm and 15.3 mm, and the engine load angle, which is 121.12 electrical degrees.
Based on the results of solving the problem of synthesizing parameters for the partitioned rotor of a trolleybus traction synchronous reluctance motor, its optimal geometric parameters have been determined
The effect of the use of recycled coarse aggregate on the performance of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and its application
Authors: Suryadi Akhmad , Qomariah Qomariah , Susilo Sugeng Hadi 
Published: May 2022

The demand for self-compacting concrete is very high because this concrete has high flowability and has resistance to segregation. Natural aggregates are of high value, while concrete demolition materials are abundant and of low value. So that the recycled coarse aggregate can be used as concrete material, this study analyzes the characteristics of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) using recycled coarse aggregate from construction waste. Tests for aggregate wear, aggregate hardness, compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of concrete were carried out. The wear test refers to the standard AASHTO T-96-74, ASTM C-131-55 and SNI 2417-2008. This test uses recycled coarse aggregate that has been washed so that the sludge content is clean; after that, it was baked with the used aggregate, the aggregate that passed the 12.5 mm sieve and was retained in the 9.5 mm sieve. The test object is pressurized 40 tons at a speed of 4 tons/minute. Concrete Compressive Strength Test refers to SNI 03-1974-2011, using a scale with an accuracy of 0.3 % of the weight of the concrete, a concrete press machine and a capping machine. While the split tensile strength test of concrete refers to SNI 03-2491-2014, carried out on days 7, 21 and 28 with a cylindrical test object. Variations of recycled aggregates start from 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %. The design's compressive strength is 25 MPa. The results showed that the recycled aggregates had good gradation, high absorption and low specific gravity compared to natural aggregates. The recycled coarse aggregate reduces the compressive strength of the concrete and causes a decrease in a slump, thereby reducing the split tensile strength of the concrete
Improving the property of wear rate and hardness by adding hybrid nanomaterials to AA7075
Authors: Khenyab Ali Yousuf , Abed Raad Mohammed , Hassan Ali Raad , Al-Alkawi Hussain Jasim M. 
Published: May 2022

Aluminum alloys have become an essential material in many modern applications, such as automobiles, marines and aviation industries. It is expected that more applications will heavily depend on aluminum alloys to reduce the weight and maintain safety standards, many previous studies have done in this regard. Numerous of these applications’ parts could be subjected to different loading and environmental conditions. This includes wearing stress and loss of the surface properties. To address these issues, intensive researches have been conducted aiming to improve aluminum wear resistance. However, there is an increasing demand to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of enhancing wear resistance. Preparation of nano-materials combined with aluminum alloy can be made in several known metallurgical methods. One of the most important difficulties and challenges faced in the manufacture of these nano-materials is to obtain a homogeneous mixture that does not have manufacturing defects. The present work aims to process and evaluate the Nano-hybrid composites of with different ratios of (Cu+Ti) mixed with AA7075 by using the liquid stir casting method by using (pin-on-disc) wear testing apparatus.
The results showed when using multiple speeds and different loads in practical experiments, that the volumetric wear loss increase from 2.8 mm3 to 29.89 mm3 for zero–Nano and from 0.889 mm3 to 3.09 mm3 for 0.8 %+0.3 % (Cu+Ti) composite at speed 100 to 300 respectively. And from 12.81 mm3 to 0.889 mm3 at 25N. The coefficient of friction is reduced with the addition of reinforced material at 0.8 %+0.3 % (Cu+Ti) composite from 0.172 to 0.05. The hardness (BH) of the prepared composites increases with increasing the amount of hybrid Nano–reinforced materials. The enhancement percentage of 25.4 % is attained compared to the matrix material. These additions, which were in certain proportions, improved the mechanical properties
Characteristic analysis of queue theory in Wi-Fi applications using OPNET 14.5 modeler
Authors: Najim Ali Hamzah , Mansour Hassnen Shakir , Abbas Ali Hashim 
Published: May 2022

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) broadband network technology has created great influence in the evolution of broadband wireless networks that are anticipated to progress regarding broadband speed and coverage. Several Wi-Fi hotspots are available everywhere, making it a medium of internet access that is easier to use compared to a local area network (LAN). However, the internet being the best effort network doesn’t provide the required Quality of Service (QoS) and there is no differentiation of service traffic. The chief aim of the current paper is to study the operation of the three organizing mechanisms: First-In, First-Out (FIFO) method – the standard method of network implementation to process the packets one by one as it arrives, Priority Queuing (PQ) and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) whereas PQ and WFQ classify the types of traffic based on service priority. In addition, WFQ assigns fair weight to each service on multiple traffic classes like video conferencing, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and File Transfer Protocol (FTP), using Telkom ST3’s Wi-Fi network. This study applies four different scenarios: the first scenario applies the methods without any queuing discipline; the second scenario implements the methods with FIFO; the third scenario carries out the methods with PQ and the last scenario applies the methods with WFQ. The studies have shown that “end-to-end packet delay and packet delay variation for VoIP in the WFQ scenario” is good when compared to other queuing mechanisms with values of 171.717 ms and 0.977 ms, respectively. In the case of videotape conferencing also, the performance is better in the case of WFQ with values of 32.495 ms and 7.207 ms, correspondingly, since the WFQ has a “bandwidth allocation” tailored to the requirements