bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observing and modeling long-term persistence of P. noctiluca in coupled complementary marine systems (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea and Messina Strait)
Authors: Bergamasco A. , Cucco A. , Guglielmo L. , Minutoli R. , Quattrocchi G. , Guglielmo R. , Palumbo F. , Pansera M. , Zagami G. , Vodopivec M. , Malej A. , A.Granata  
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Messina (MS) is a very peculiar area, connecting highly different regions and representing a privileged observatory for an early comprehension and assessment of ecosystems shifts. It is hypothesized that the outbreaks observed near the coast of many sites in the Mediterranean Sea may be the result of transport of permanent populations ofP. noctilucain pelagic waters to the coast, caused by specific hydrodynamic conditions. By both visual observations and numerical experiments our objective is twofold: (A) to help clarify whether the basin of the Aeolian Islands Archipelago (AIA), in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (STS), may be the site from which large populations ofP. noctilucaare transported to the MS, and (B) to evaluate whether the upwelling turbulent system of the MS can be an energetic opportunity for this species. It should offer a rich habitat without jeopardizing the overall survival of the population, that is subject to stranding due to strong currents. Although very different, the two involved ecosystems (AIA and MS ) are complementary for the success ofPelagia noctilucalife cycle. Outputs obtained by coupling the 3D hydrodynamic model (SHYFEM) with a Lagrangian particle tracking model support the hypothesis of a connectivity between these two ecosystems, particularly in the first half of the year, indicating the coastal areas around the AIA as potential optimal source location forPelagialarval stages. We support the very attractive hypothesis that two connected systems exist, the former one favoursPelagia's reproduction and acts as a nursery and the latter favours its growth due to higher productivity. We speculate that the reproductive population of the AIA is not permanent, but is renewed every year by individuals who have fed and quickly grown in the MS and who are passively transported by downwelling along canyon "corridors".
Transcutaneous electrical nerve inhibition using medium frequency alternating current
Authors: Maris Seppe , Brands Michiel , Lenskens Daniele , Braeken Geert , Kemnitz Stefan , Vanhove Herbert , Mc Laughlin Myles , Meesen Raf , Brône Bert , Stessel Björn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTranscutaneous medium-frequency alternating electrical current is defined as an alternating current between 1 and 10 kHz and is capable of producing an instant, reversible block. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of sensory perception and force production of the index and middle finger after transcutaneous medium-frequency alternating electrical current stimulation of the distal median nerve. A single-center prospective interventional cohort study was conducted in adult healthy volunteers at the Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium. Two different electrodes (PALS & 3M) were placed on the distal median nerve, which was located using a Sonosite X-Porte Ultrasound transducer, with the first electrode being placed on the skin at the level of the transverse carpal ligament and the second electrode 7 cm proximally to the first electrode. The tactile sensation was evaluated with Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test and sensation of pressure/pain was evaluated with an algometer. Peak force production was assessed with an electronic dynamometer. All measurements were performed at baseline and tMFAEC stimulation frequencies of 2 and 10 kHz in a randomized manner. Statistical analysis was performed with a one-way ANOVA with repeated measures test or a Friedman rank sum test, followed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test adjusted with Bonferroni correction. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. From 9 to 13th of April 2021, 25 healthy volunteers were included in the Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium. A statistically significant reduction in tactile sensation during 2 kHz and 10 kHz stimulation compared to baseline was observed (2.89 ± 0.22 (PALS2); 3.35 ± 0.25 (3M2) and 2.14 ± 0.12 (PALS10); 2.38 ± 0.12 (3M10) versus − 1.75 ± 0.09 (baseline), p < 0.0001). 3M electrodes showed a tendency towards the elevation of pressure pain threshold compared to baseline. No significant difference in mean peak forces of the index and middle fingers after transcutaneous medium-frequency alternating electrical current stimulation with 2 and 10 kHz was found. This study demonstrates that transcutaneous medium-frequency alternating electrical current stimulation on the distal median nerve inhibits tactile sensory nerve activity in the index and middle finger when stimulation of 2 kHz and, to a lesser extent, 10 kHz was applied. A reduction of motor nerve activity was not observed but force production measurements may be prone to error.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov on 01/04/2021. NCT-Number: NCT04827173.
Two-color synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy based on transverse resonance island buckets
Authors: Holldack K. , Schüßler-Langeheine C. , Pontius N. , Kachel T. , Baumgärtel P. , Windsor Y. W. , Zahn D. , Goslawski P. , Koopmans M. , Ries M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report on a novel multi-color method of X-ray spectroscopy at a Synchrotron radiation source that uses two simultaneously filled electron orbits in an electron storage ring to generate multiple soft or tender X-ray beams of different wavelength. To establish the second orbit, we use nonlinear beam dynamics in the so called TRIBs—transverse resonance island buckets—mode of the BESSY II storage ring, where a second electron orbit winds around the regular one leading to transversely separated source points. X-ray beams of multiple colors are generated by imaging the individual source points via different pathways through a monochromator. The particular colors can be varied by changing the traversal electron beam positions through storage-ring parameters and/or via the monochromator dispersion. As a proof of principle, X-ray absorption spectroscopy is performed on thin Fe films in transmission as well as a scanning transmission measurement on a Fe3GeTe2 sample of inhomogeneous thickness normalizing resonant signals with the pre-edge intensity. Using the extraordinary pointing fidelity of successive X-ray macro-pulses arriving at MHz repetition rates, a detection of tiny contrasts in diluted systems, contrast enhancement in X-ray microscopy as well as fast dynamics studies come into reach.
Drug resistant bacteria in perianal abscesses are frequent and relevant
Authors: Bender Fabienne , Eckerth Lukas , Fritzenwanker Moritz , Liese Juliane , Askevold Ingolf , Imirzalioglu Can , Padberg Winfried , Hecker Andreas , Reichert Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPerianal abscesses are frequent diseases in general surgery. Principles of standard patient care are surgical drainage with exploration and concomitant treatment of fistula. Antiinfective therapy is frequently applied in cases of severe local disease and perianal sepsis. However, the role of microbiologic testing of purulence from perianal abscesses is disputed and the knowledge concerning bacteriology and bacterial resistances is very limited. A retrospective cohort study was performed of consecutive patients (≥ 12 years of age) from a tertiary care hospital, who underwent surgical treatment for perianal abscess from 01/2008 to 12/2019. Subdividing the cohort into three groups regarding microbiological testing results: no microbiological testing of purulence (No_Swab, n = 456), no detection of drug resistant bacteria [DR(−), n = 141] or detection of bacteria with acquired drug resistances from purulence [DR(+), n = 220]. Group comparisons were performed using Kruskall–Wallis test and, if applicable, followed by Dunn´s multiple comparisons test for continuous variables or Fishers exact or Pearson’s X2 test for categorical data. Fistula persistence was estimated by Kaplan Meier and compared between the groups using Log rank test. Corralation analysis between perioperative outcome parameters and bacteriology was performed using Spearman´s rho rank correlation. Higher pretherapeutic C-reactive protein (p < 0.0001) and white blood cell count (p < 0.0001), higher rates of supralevatoric or pararectal abscesses (p = 0.0062) and of complicated fistula-in-ano requiring drainage procedure during index surgery (p < 0.0001) reflect more severe diseases in DR(+) patients. The necessity of antibiotic therapy (p < 0.0001), change of antibiotic regimen upon microbiologic testing results (p = 0.0001) and the rate of re-debridements during short-term follow-up (p = 0.0001) were the highest, the duration until definitive fistula repair was the longest in DR(+) patients (p = 0.0061). Escherichia coli, Bacteroides, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species with acquired drug resistances were detected frequently. High rates of resistances against everyday antibiotics, including perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis were alarming. In conclusion, the knowledge about individual bacteriology is relevant in cases of complex and severe local disease, including locally advanced infection with extended soft tissue affection and perianal sepsis, signs of systemic inflammatory response as well as the need of re-do surgery for local debridements during short-term and fistula repair during long-term follow-up. Higher rates of acquired antibiotic resistances are to be expected in patients with more severe diseases.
Defining the learning curve for endotracheal intubation in the emergency department
Authors: Lee Gun Tak , Park Jong Eun , Woo Sook-young , Shin Tae Gun , Jeong Daun , Kim Taerim , Lee Se Uk , Yoon Hee , Hwang Sung Yeon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo determine the minimum number of endotracheal intubation (ETI) attempts necessary for a novice emergency medicine (EM) trainee to become proficient with this procedure. This single-center study retrospectively analyzed data obtained from the institutional airway registry during the period from April 2014 to March 2021. All ETI attempts made by EM trainees starting their residency programs between 2014 and 2018 were evaluated. We used a first attempt success (FAS) rate of 85% as a proxy for ETI proficiency. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the association between FAS and cumulative ETI experience. The number of ETI attempts required to achieve an FAS rate of ≥ 85% was estimated using the regression coefficients obtained from the model. The study period yielded 2077 ETI cases from a total of 1979 patients. The FAS rate was 78.6% (n = 1632/2077). After adjusting for confounding factors, the cumulative number of ETI cases was associated with increased FAS (adjusted odds ratio, 1.010 per additional ETI case; 95% confidence interval 1.006–1.013; p < 0.001). A minimum of 119 ETI cases were required to establish a ≥ 85% likelihood of FAS. At least 119 ETI cases were required for EM trainees to achieve an FAS rate of ≥ 85% in the emergency department.
Spatially variant immune infiltration scoring in human cancer tissues
Authors: Allam Mayar , Hu Thomas , Lee Jeongjin , Aldrich Jeffrey , Badve Sunil S. , Gökmen-Polar Yesim , Bhave Manali , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Schneider Frank , Coskun Ahmet F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Immunoscore is a method to quantify the immune cell infiltration within cancers to predict the disease prognosis. Previous immune profiling approaches relied on limited immune markers to establish patients’ tumor immunity. However, immune cells exhibit a higher-level complexity that is typically not obtained by the conventional immunohistochemistry methods. Herein, we present a spatially variant immune infiltration score, termed as SpatialVizScore, to quantify immune cells infiltration within lung tumor samples using multiplex protein imaging data. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) was used to target 26 markers in tumors to identify stromal, immune, and cancer cell states within 26 human tissues from lung cancer patients. Unsupervised clustering methods dissected the spatial infiltration of cells in tissue using the high-dimensional analysis of 16 immune markers and other cancer and stroma enriched labels to profile alterations in the tumors’ immune infiltration patterns. Spatially resolved maps of distinct tumors determined the spatial proximity and neighborhoods of immune-cancer cell pairs. These SpatialVizScore maps provided a ranking of patients’ tumors consisting of immune inflamed, immune suppressed, and immune cold states, demonstrating the tumor’s immune continuum assigned to three distinct infiltration score ranges. Several inflammatory and suppressive immune markers were used to establish the cell-based scoring schemes at the single-cell and pixel-level, depicting the cellular spectra in diverse lung tissues. Thus, SpatialVizScore is an emerging quantitative method to deeply study tumor immunology in cancer tissues.
Curcumin-based-fluorescent probes targeting ALDH1A3 as a promising tool for glioblastoma precision surgery and early diagnosis
Authors: Gelardi Edoardo L. M. , Caprioglio Diego , Colombo Giorgia , Del Grosso Erika , Mazzoletti Daniele , Mattoteia Daiana , Salamone Stefano , Ferraris Davide M. , Aronica Eleonora , Nato Giulia , Buffo Annalisa , Rizzi Menico , Magrassi Lorenzo , Minassi Alberto , Garavaglia Silvia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumour for which both effective treatments and efficient tools for an early-stage diagnosis are lacking. Herein, we present curcumin-based fluorescent probes that are able to bind to aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3), an enzyme overexpressed in glioma stem cells (GSCs) and associated with stemness and invasiveness of GBM. Two compounds are selective versus ALDH1A3, without showing any appreciable interaction with other ALDH1A isoenzymes. Indeed, their fluorescent signal is detectable only in our positive controls in vitro and absent in cells that lack ALDH1A3. Remarkably, in vivo, our Probe selectively accumulate in glioblastoma cells, allowing the identification of the growing tumour mass. The significant specificity of our compounds is the necessary premise for their further development into glioblastoma cells detecting probes to be possibly used during neurosurgical operations.
Reversible epigenetic alterations regulate class I HLA loss in prostate cancer
Authors: Rodems Tamara S. , Heninger Erika , Stahlfeld Charlotte N. , Gilsdorf Cole S. , Carlson Kristin N. , Kircher Madison R. , Singh Anupama , Krueger Timothy E. G. , Beebe David J. , Jarrard David F. , McNeel Douglas G. , Haffner Michael C. , Lang Joshua M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDownregulation of HLA class I (HLA-I) impairs immune recognition and surveillance in prostate cancer and may underlie the ineffectiveness of checkpoint blockade. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating HLA-I loss in prostate cancer have not been fully explored. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of HLA-I genomic, epigenomic and gene expression alterations in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. Loss of HLA-I gene expression was associated with repressive chromatin states including DNA methylation, histone H3 tri-methylation at lysine 27, and reduced chromatin accessibility. Pharmacological DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition decreased DNA methylation and increased H3 lysine 27 acetylation and resulted in re-expression of HLA-I on the surface of tumor cells. Re-expression of HLA-I on LNCaP cells by DNMT and HDAC inhibition increased activation of co-cultured prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)27-38-specific CD8+ T-cells. HLA-I expression is epigenetically regulated by functionally reversible DNA methylation and chromatin modifications in human prostate cancer. Methylated HLA-I was detected in HLA-Ilow circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which may serve as a minimally invasive biomarker for identifying patients who would benefit from epigenetic targeted therapies.
Functional imaging analyses reveal prototype and exemplar representations in a perceptual single-category task
Authors: Blank Helen , Bayer Janine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSimilarity-based categorization can be performed by memorizing category members as exemplars or by abstracting the central tendency of the category – the prototype. In similarity-based categorization of stimuli with clearly identifiable dimensions from two categories, prototype representations were previously located in the hippocampus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and exemplar representations in areas supporting visual memory. However, the neural implementation of exemplar and prototype representations in perceptual similarity-based categorization of single categories is unclear. To investigate these representations, we applied model-based univariate and multivariate analyses of functional imaging data from a dot-pattern paradigm-based task. Univariate prototype and exemplar representations occurred bilaterally in visual areas. Multivariate analyses additionally identified prototype representations in parietal areas and exemplar representations in the hippocampus. Bayesian analyses supported the non-presence of prototype representations in the hippocampus and the vmPFC. We additionally demonstrate that some individuals form both representation types simultaneously, probably granting flexibility in categorization strategies.
Increases in the temperature seasonal cycle indicate long-term drying trends in Amazonia
Authors: Ritchie Paul D. L. , Parry Isobel , Clarke Joseph J. , Huntingford Chris , Cox Peter M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarth System Models project a wide range of rainfall changes in the Amazon rainforest, and hence changes in soil moisture and evapotranspiration. Hydrological changes are heterogeneous, meaning local measurements are too sparse to constrain projections of large-scale hydrological change. Here we show that changes in the amplitude of the temperature seasonal cycle are strongly correlated with annual mean evaporative fraction (surface latent heat flux as a fraction of surface net radiation) changes, across reanalyses and Earth System Model projections. We find an increase in annual temperature amplitude of 1 °C is associated with a reduction in evaporative fraction of up to 0.04. The observed temperature seasonal cycle amplitude increase (0.4 °C) over the last three decades implies Amazon drying, determined in the absence of soil or energy flux measurements, matches Earth System Model simulations of the recent past. Additionally, Earth System Models predict further temperature seasonal cycle amplitude increases, suggesting drying will continue with future climate change.
Novel Therapeutic Agents for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism
Authors: Roumpou Afroditi , Yavropoulou Maria P. , Chronopoulos Efstathios , Kassi Eva 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe last decade has been revolutionary regarding the management of rare bone diseases caused by impaired calcium and phosphate metabolism. Elucidation of the underlying genetic basis and pathophysiologic alterations has been the determinant factor for the development of new, disease-specific treatment agents. The phosphaturic hormone Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) possesses a critical role in the pathogenesis of various hypophosphatemic disorders. Among them, the genetic disorder of X-linked hypophosphatemia and the acquired syndrome of tumor-induced osteomalacia, although very rare, have attracted the scientific community’s attention towards designing an FGF23-inhibitor as a potential specific therapy. The monoclonal antibody burosumab was approved for the treatment of children and adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia and recently for tumor-induced osteomalacia patients, demonstrating benefits regarding their symptoms, biochemical profile and bone mineralization status. Asfotase alfa is a hydroxyapatite-targeted recombinant alkaline phosphatase, an enzymatic replacement therapy, substituting the defective activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase, in patients suffering from hypophosphatasia. Promising data regarding its favorable effect on survival rate, bone quality, fracture healing, muscle strength, mobility, respiratory function, and general quality of life have led to the approval of the drug for the treatment of childhood-onset hypophosphatasia. Given the high costs of treatment for both agents and their limited clinical use until now, more data are needed to define patients’ characteristics that make them ideal candidates for therapy. Long-term safety issues also need to be clarified.
Criteria for energy conditions
Authors: Maeda Hideki , Harada Tomohiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In model building studies, it is important to check the energy conditions for the corresponding energy–momentum tensor determined by the gravitational field equations in order to single out physically reasonable models. In this process, one often encounters a situation where the energy–momentum tensor has one off-diagonal ‘space–time’ component in the frame with an orthonormal basis in a given spacetime. We derive useful criteria of energy–momentum tensors for their Hawking–Ellis types and the standard energy conditions in such situations. As demonstrations, we apply those criteria to four different systems.
Hollow Mo2C nanospheres modified B-doped g-C3N4 for high efficient photocatalysts
Authors: Liu Ru-Yi , Ding Lei , Yang Guo-Duo , Zhang Jia-Yu , Jiao Rui , Sun Hai-Zhu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is one of the most promising metal-free semiconductors in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production, the preparation of efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalysts is still a challenge. Herein, the strategy of element doping and co-catalyst loading are employed to make an effective modification on g-C3N4. The Mo2C hollow nanospheres supported by porous B-C3N4 (B-doped g-C3N4) flakes, namely, B-C3N4/Mo2C photocatalysts are successfully constructed by the ultrasonic self-assembly-calcination approach. The unique Mo2C hollow nanospheres structures increases internal multiple visible light scattering, which facilitates light-harvesting, shortens the transport distance of carriers, and hence reduces the carriers recombination. Impressively, B-C3N4/Mo2C-35 exhibits excellent activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production, affording an H2 production rate up to 1696.4 µmol g−1 h−1, which is higher than B-C3N4/3 wt% Pt photocatalyst. Moreover, the apparent quantum efficiency of B-C3N4/Mo2C-35 at 420 nm is 2.12%. Mechanism studies suggest that this desired photocatalytic performance is attributed to a broader light absorption range, more reactive sites and faster carrier transfer rate than that of pure g-C3N4. This work develops a noble metal-free hollow nanosphere co-catalyst system and proposes new insight into the design of g-C3N4-based composite photocatalysts.