bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of exertional heat illness in the Thoroughbred racehorse: Broadening perspective to include an exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome in which endotoxaemia and systemic inflammation may contribute to the condition
Authors: Brownlow Meg A. , Mizzi James Xavier 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe traditional approach to exertional heat illness (EHI) is based on the premise that external heat is the trigger and sole driver of the condition. During the last few decades, many researchers have suggested that climatic heat alone does not fully explain the pathophysiology of EHI, and a second pathway has been proposed which focuses on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The causal agent of EHI in Thoroughbred racehorses is the strenuous exercise of racing. The generation of metabolic heat is prodigious and can cause direct injury to the GIT. The associated redistribution of cardiac output to working muscles is most likely to subject the GIT to substantial hypo‐perfusion and if horses race under hot/humid conditions impairing thermoregulation this may exacerbate intestinal hyperthermia. Evidence in human athletes shows that the combination of intestinal hyperthermia and reduced blood flow causes a breakdown in the integrity of the mucosal barrier and leads to increased intestinal permeability, allowing leakage of endotoxin into the central circulation. Normally, protective immune mechanisms clear elevated endotoxin levels, but if there is immune dysfunction and the concentration of endotoxin exceeds a certain threshold, a systemic inflammatory response triggers a cytokine cascade with serious downstream consequences. It is argued that the cytokine inflammatory cascade, rather than core body hyperthermia contributes to the clinical progression of EHI when endotoxaemia is dominant. The authors have presented the current state of knowledge for human subjects and cited studies in racehorses which suggest its relevance. Acknowledgement of the gastrointestinal inflammatory pathway for EHI is important because it provides track veterinarians with a different perspective on prevention and treatment.
ER export signals mediate plasma membrane localization of transmembrane protein TMEM72
Authors: Ding Jiangli , Matsumiya Tomoh , Miki Yasuo , Hayakari Ryo , Shiba Yuko , Kawaguchi Shogo , Seya Kazuhiko , Imaizumi Tadaatsu 
Published: December 2022

Transmembrane protein 72 (TMEM72) is involved in normal kidney development and tumorigenesis in renal cell carcinoma. However, the function of TMEM72 has not been experimentally examined; therefore, the role of TMEM72 is incompletely understood. In this study, we initially demonstrated that TMEM72 has four transmembrane domains (TMDs) and a long C‐terminal tail. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that TMEM72 is localized on the plasma membrane but not on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Experiments performed with a series of TMEM72 deletion mutants and an evaluation of the unfolded protein response indicated that these TMDs are needed for proper protein folding or assembly. In contrast, domain‐specific replacement analysis indicated the essential role of the C‐terminal region of TMEM72 in protein transport. Spatial colocalization and immunoprecipitation assays showed that the proximal C‐terminal region is responsible for anterograde protein transport. An amino acid sequence analysis and an immunocytochemical evaluation revealed that KRKKRKAAPEVLA, which corresponds to amino acid positions 132–144 in TMEM72, participates in efficient cellular transport. The motifs 132KRKKRK137 and 139APEVLA144 are associated with COPII and are considered to cooperate with membrane trafficking. Because efficient membrane trafficking is crucial for cells to maintain normal function, our data may contribute to elucidating the pathogenesis of membrane trafficking‐associated diseases, particularly renal carcinoma and chronic kidney disease.
Smallholder farms have and can store more carbon than previously estimated
Authors: Ewing Patrick M. , Tu Xinyi , Runck Bryan C. , Nord Alison , Chikowo Regis , Snapp Sieglinde S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is increasingly targeted as a key strategy in climate change mitigation and improved ecosystem resiliency. Agricultural land, a dominant global land use, provides substantial challenges and opportunities for global carbon sequestration. Despite this, global estimates of soil carbon sequestration potential often exclude agricultural land and estimates are coarse for regions in the Global South. To address these discrepancies and improve estimates, we develop a hybrid, data‐augmented database approach to better estimate the magnitude of SOC sequestration potential of agricultural soils. With high‐resolution (30 m) soil maps of Africa developed by the International Soils Database (iSDA) and Malawi as a case study, we create a national adjustment using site‐specific soil data retrieved from 1160 agricultural fields. We use a benchmark approach to estimate the amount of SOC Malawian agricultural soils can sequester, accounting for edaphic and climatic conditions, and calculate the resulting carbon gap. Field measurements of SOC stocks and sequestration potentials were consistently larger than iSDA predictions, with an average carbon gap of 4.42 ± 0.23 Mg C ha−1 to a depth of 20 cm, with some areas exceeding 10 Mg C ha−1. Augmenting iSDA predictions with field data also improved sensitivity to identify areas with high SOC sequestration potential by 6%—areas that may benefit from improved management practices. Overall, we estimate that 6.8 million ha of surface soil suitable for agriculture in Malawi has the potential to store 274 ± 14 Tg SOC. Our approach illustrates how ground truthing efforts remain essential to reduce errors in continent‐wide soil carbon predictions for local and regional use. This work begins efforts needed across regions to develop soil carbon benchmarks that inform policies and identify high‐impact areas in the effort to increase SOC globally.
Occupational hazards among dental hygienists: Risk level assessment of scaling work
Authors: Park Bo‐Young , Chung Won‐Gyun , Lim Do‐Seon , Mun So‐Jung , Han Sun‐Young , Noh Hiejin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to classifyoccupationalhazards of ultrasonic scaling by factor and to identify the distribution ofoccupationalrisk levels of the study participants according tooccupational hazards. In addition, the relationship between the general characteristics of dental hygienists and theoccupationalrisk level of scaling was investigated.MethodsThis study was conducted on 237 dental hygienists. Exposure frequency and the degree of work loss were investigated on a five‐point scale for each of the 15 occupational hazards of scaling.ResultsAmong occupational hazards, the proportion of high‐risk individuals for biological hazards (32.9%) was the highest. Dental clinics (33.6%) were found to have a higher proportion of high‐risk individuals than dental hospitals (16.5%) (p < 0.05). The proportion of high‐risk individuals was higher in the absence of an infection control coordinator (33.9%) (p < 0.05) and infection control education in the preceding 2 years (28.6%) (p < 0.05).ConclusionTo create a safe dental work environment, appropriate measures according to the risk level and measurement of occupational risk should be discussed.
La relation entre le droit et la segmentation sexuée du marché du travail
Authors: FUDGE Judy , MUNDLAK Guy 
Published: December 2022

RésuméLes auteurs résument les grandes conclusions de la recherche sur la relation entre droit du travail et genre. Ils distinguent différentes fonctions de la législation: créer des institutions du marché du travail, organiser leur fonctionnement, remédier à leurs effets pervers, les faire évoluer. Deux modèles, partiellement définis par le droit (et axés respectivement sur la relation de travail classique et sur l'emploi formel) induisent une segmentation sexuée, parfois renforcée, paradoxalement, par les dispositions introduites pour y remédier. Pour sortir de l'impasse, les auteurs recommandent d'évoluer vers des règles universelles, mais suffisamment souples pour répondre aux besoins de femmes et d'hommes aux profils divers.
Hydroxylherderite (Ca2Be2P2O8(OH)2) stability under extreme conditions (up to 750°C/100 GPa)
Authors: Gorelova Liudmila , Vereshchagin Oleg , Aslandukov Andrey , Aslandukova Alena , Spiridonova Dar'ya , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria , Kasatkin Anatoly , Dubrovinsky Leonid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydroxylherderite, Ca2Be2P2O8(OH)2, is among the most common beryllophosphates in nature and could play a substantial role in Be geochemical cycle. Hydroxylherderite P–T stability and crystal structure behavior were studied under extreme conditions (up to 750°C/100 GPa) using in situ single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The mineral demonstrated high stability under high‐pressure conditions (up to ∼100 GPa) without any phase transitions. Under high‐temperature conditions, it was stable up to about 700°C, when it decomposed with the formation of fluorapatite Ca5(PO4)3F and hurlbutite CaBe2P2O8. The beryllophosphate member of the gadolinite supergroup is the most stable mineral (material) under high‐pressure conditions, compared to aluminum‐, boro‐ and beryllosilicates.
An approach to help differentiate postinfarct scar from borderzone tissue using Ripple Mapping during ventricular tachycardia ablation
Authors: Khanra Dibbendhu , Calvert Peter , Hughes Susan , Waktare Johan , Modi Simon , Hall Mark , Todd Derick , Mahida Saagar , Gupta Dhiraj , Luther Vishal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundVentricular scar is traditionally highlighted on a bipolar voltage (BiVolt) map in areas of myocardium <0.50 mV. We describe an alternative approach using Ripple Mapping (RM) superimposed onto a BiVolt map to differentiate postinfarct scar from conducting borderzone (BZ) during ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation.MethodsFifteen consecutive patients (left ventricular ejection fraction 30 ± 7%) underwent endocardial left ventricle pentaray mapping (median 5148 points) and ablation targeting areas of late Ripple activation. BiVolt maps were studied offline at initial voltage of 0.50–0.50 mV to binarize the color display (red and purple). RMs were superimposed, and the BiVolt limits were sequentially reduced until only areas devoid of Ripple bars appeared red, defined as RM‐scar. The surrounding area supporting conducting Ripple wavefronts in tissue <0.50 mV defined the RM‐BZ.ResultsRM‐scar was significantly smaller than the traditional 0.50 mV cutoff (median 4% vs. 12% shell area, p < .001). 65 ± 16% of tissue <0.50 mV supported Ripple activation within the RM‐BZ. The mean BiVolt threshold that differentiated RM‐scar from BZ tissue was 0.22 ± 0.07 mV, though this ranged widely (from 0.12 to 0.35 mV). In this study, septal infarcts (7/15) were associated with more rapid VTs (282 vs. 347 ms, p = .001), and had a greater proportion of RM‐BZ to RM‐scar (median ratio 3.2 vs. 1.2, p = .013) with faster RM‐BZ conduction speed (0.72 vs. 0.34 m/s, p = .001). Conversely, scars that supported hemodynamically stable sustained VT (6/15) were slower (367 ± 38 ms), had a smaller proportion of RM‐BZ to RM‐scar (median ratio 1.2 vs. 3.2, p = .059), and slower RM‐BZ conduction speed (0.36 vs. 0.63 m/s, p = .036). RM guided ablation collocated within 66 ± 20% of RM‐BZ, most concentrated around the RM‐scar perimeter, with significant VT reduction (median 4.0 episodes preablation vs. 0 post, p < .001) at 11 ± 6 months follow‐up.ConclusionPostinfarct scars appear significantly smaller than traditional 0.50 mV cut‐offs suggest, with voltage thresholds unique to each patient.
Up‐regulation of the human‐specific CHRFAM7A gene protects against renal fibrosis in mice with obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Zhou Bingru , Zhang Yudian , Dang Xitong , Li Bowen , Wang Hui , Gong Shu , Li Siwen , Meng Fanyin , Xing Juan , Li Tian , He Longfei , Zou Ping , Wan Ying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRenal fibrosis is a major factor in the progression of chronic kidney diseases. Obstructive nephropathy is a common cause of renal fibrosis, which is also accompanied by inflammation. To explore the effect of human‐specific CHRFAM7A expression, an inflammation‐related gene, on renal fibrosis during obstructive nephropathy, we studied CHRFAM7A transgenic mice and wild type mice that underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) injury. Transgenic overexpression of CHRFAM7A gene inhibited UUO‐induced renal fibrosis, which was demonstrated by decreased fibrotic gene expression and collagen deposition. Furthermore, kidneys from transgenic mice had reduced TGF‐β1 and Smad2/3 expression following UUO compared with those from wild type mice with UUO. In addition, the overexpression of CHRFAM7A decreased release of inflammatory cytokines in the kidneys of UUO‐injured mice. In vitro, the overexpression of CHRFAM7A inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced increase in expression of fibrosis‐related genes in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK‐2 cells). Additionally, up‐regulated expression of CHRFAM7A in HK‐2 cells decreased TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibited activation f TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathways. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that overexpression of the human‐specific CHRFAM7A gene can reduce UUO‐induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway to reduce inflammatory reactions and EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells.
The interaction between obesity and visceral hypersensitivity
Authors: Yanping Wu , Gao Xuefen , Cheng Yizun , Liu Mi , Liao Siyu , Zhou Jing , Hao Jiaming , Jiang Gemeng , Lu Yixuan , Qu Tianyao , Qin Bin , Cheng Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObesity has been a worldwide problem associated with numerous chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic disorders. It may also play a role in visceral hypersensitivity, contributing to irritable bowel syndrome. (i) Adipose tissue secretes various inflammatory mediators, causing intestinal hyperpermeability and nerve endings activation. (ii) Obesity and gastrointestinal microbiota could affect each other, and microbial metabolites can increase sensitivity of the colon. (iii) Vitamin D deficiency contributes to both fat accumulation and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier. (iv) Brain‐gut axis may be another bridge from obesity to visceral hypersensitivity.
Post COVID‐19 condition diagnosis: A population‐based cohort study of occurrence, associated factors, and healthcare use by severity of acute infection
Authors: Hedberg Pontus , Granath Fredrik , Bruchfeld Judith , Askling Johan , Sjöholm Daniel , Fored Michael , Färnert Anna , Naucler Pontus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence and healthcare use trajectory of post COVID‐19 condition (PCC) is poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate these aspects in SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive individuals with and without a PCC diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study of adults in Stockholm, Sweden, with a verified infection from 1 March 2020 to 31 July 2021, stratified by the severity of the acute infection. The outcome was a PCC diagnosis registered any time 90–360 days after a positive test. We performed Cox regression models to assess baseline characteristics associated with the PCC diagnosis. Individuals diagnosed with PCC were then propensity‐score matched to individuals without a diagnosis to assess healthcare use beyond the acute infection.ResultsAmong 204,805 SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive individuals, the proportion receiving a PCC diagnosis was 1% among individuals not hospitalized for their COVID‐19 infection, 6% among hospitalized, and 32% among intensive care unit (ICU)–treated individuals. The most common new‐onset symptom diagnosis codes among individuals with a PCC diagnosis were fatigue (29%) among nonhospitalized and dyspnea among both hospitalized (25%) and ICU‐treated (41%) individuals. Female sex was associated with a PCC diagnosis among nonhospitalized and hospitalized individuals, with interactions between age and sex. Previous mental health disorders and asthma were associated with a PCC diagnosis among nonhospitalized and hospitalized individuals. Among individuals with a PCC diagnosis, the monthly proportion with outpatient care was substantially elevated up to 1 year after acute infection compared to before, with substantial proportions of this care attributed to PCC‐related care.ConclusionThe differential association of age, sex, comorbidities, and healthcare use with the severity of the acute infection indicates different trajectories and phenotypes of PCC, with incomplete resolution 1 year after infection.
The prognostic value of delta‐lactate in critically ill children
Authors: Rocha Ana C , Chagas Joana B , Andrade Joana V , Pinto Carla , Oliveira Guiomar , Dias Andrea S , Carvalho Leonor 
Published: December 2022

AimThis study aimed to test delta‐lactate (ΔL) as a short‐term risk stratification method in critically ill children.MethodsAn exploratory study of patients admitted to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) was conducted. ΔL was calculated as the difference between the maximum lactate concentrations on Days 1 and 2. According to the ΔL cutoff, two groups were considered: low mortality risk (LMR) – ΔL ≥ 0.05 mmol/L – and high mortality risk (HMR) – ΔL < 0.05 mmol/L.ResultsMortality, both during PICU stay and at 28 days, was statistically associated with elevated serum lactate on D1 and D2, per se. For the 93 cases with elevated lactate on Day 1, and a ΔL cutoff of 0.05 mmol/L, the area under the ROC curve was 0.698 (95% confidence interval, 0.47–0.93). HMR patients scored higher PIM3, were not discharged home until 28 days, counted fewer ventilation‐free days and needed renal replacement therapy more often.ConclusionElevated lactate levels at admission, as well as applying the optimal cutoff for ΔL, allowed to predict short‐term mortality: if an increase or minimal decrease in lactate maximum levels occurred from D1 to D2, death was almost eight times more probable. In critically ill children, delta‐lactate predicts short‐term outcome.
Effects of low‐dust forages on dust exposure, airway cytology, and plasma omega‐3 concentrations in Thoroughbred racehorses: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Olave Carla J. , Ivester Kathleen M. , Couetil Laurent L. , Burgess John , Park Jae Hong , Mukhopadhyay Abhijit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRacehorses commonly develop evidence of mild asthma in response to dust exposure. Diets deficient in omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω‐3) might exacerbate this response.HypothesisTo compare dust exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, and plasma Ω‐3 and specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPM) concentrations amongst racehorses fed dry hay, steamed hay, and haylage.AnimalsForty‐three Thoroughbred racehorses.MethodsProspective clinical trial. Horses were randomly assigned to be fed dry hay, steamed hay, or haylage for 6 weeks. Measures of exposure to dust in the breathing zone were obtained twice. At baseline, week‐3, and week‐6, BALF cytology was examined. Plasma lipid profiles and plasma SPM concentrations were examined at baseline and week 6. Generalized linear mixed models examined the effect of forage upon dust exposure, BALF cytology, Ω‐3, and SPM concentrations.ResultsRespirable dust was significantly higher for horses fed hay (least‐square mean ± s.e.m. 0.081 ± 0.007 mg/m3) when compared with steamed hay (0.056 ± 0.005 mg/m3, P = .01) or haylage (0.053 ± 0.005 mg/m3, P < .01). At week 6, BALF neutrophil proportions in horses eating haylage (3.0% ± 0.6%) were significantly lower compared with baseline (5.1 ± 0.7, P = .04) and horses eating hay (6.3% ± 0.8%, P < .01). Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratios were higher in horses eating haylage for 6 weeks (0.51 ± 0.07) when compared with baseline (0.34 ± 0.05, P < .01) and horses eating steamed (0.24 ± 0.02, P < .01) or dry hay (0.25 ± 0.03, P < .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSteamed hay and haylage reduce dust exposure compared with dry hay, but only haylage increased the ratio of anti‐inflammatory to pro‐inflammatory lipids while reducing BAL neutrophil proportions within 6 weeks.
Wearable, noninvasive, pulsed shortwave (radiofrequency) therapy for analgesia and opioid sparing following outpatient surgery: A proof‐of‐concept case series
Authors: Ilfeld Brian M. , Said Engy T. , Gabriel Rodney A. , Curran Brian P. , Swisher Matthew W. , Jacobsen Garth R. , Wallace Anne M. , Doucet Jay , Adams Laura M. , Ventro George J. , Abdullah Baharin , Finneran John J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is often difficult to concurrently provide adequate analgesia while minimizing opioid requirements following ambulatory surgery. Nonthermal, pulsed shortwave (radiofrequency) fields are a noninvasive treatment used as an adjunct analgesic and wound healing therapy. The devices may be placed by nursing staff in less than a minute, are relatively inexpensive and readily available, theoretically provide analgesia for nearly any anatomic location, and have no systemic side effects—patients cannot detect any sensations from the devices—or significant risks. Here we present a case series to demonstrate the use of pulsed, electromagnetic field devices for outpatient herniorrhaphy and breast surgery.Case ReportFollowing moderately painful ambulatory umbilical (n = 3) and inguinal (n = 2) hernia repair as well as bilateral breast surgery (n = 2), patients had taped over their surgical incision(s) 1 or 2 noninvasive, wearable, disposable, pulsed shortwave therapy devices (RecoveryRx, BioElectronics Corporation, Frederick, Maryland) which functioned continuously for 30 days. Average resting pain scores measured on the 0–10 numeric rating scale were a median of 0 during the entire treatment period. Six patients avoided opioid use entirely, while the remaining individual required only 5 mg of oxycodone during the first postoperative day.ConclusionsThese cases demonstrate that the ambulatory use of pulsed shortwave devices is feasible and may be an effective analgesic, possibly obviating opioid requirements following outpatient herniorrhaphy and breast surgery. Considering the lack of any side effects, adverse events, and misuse/dependence/diversion potential, further study with a randomized, controlled trial appears warranted.