bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urbanization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission nexus in the CEMAC countries
Authors: Ngong Chi Aloysius , Bih Dimna , Onyejiaku Chinyere , Onwumere Josaphat Uchechukwu Joe 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emission in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community from 1990 to 2019. The literature reveals that the relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions is still debatable and the existing findings are inconclusive.Design/methodology/approachCarbon dioxide is the regressand; while, urbanization, gross domestic product (GDP) and financial development (FD), rule of law (ROL) and government effectiveness (GEF) are the regressors. Johansen Fisher and Kao residual co-integration tests alongside the fully modified and dynamic ordinary least squares.FindingsThe results show a significant positive relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions. The causality tests results show that carbon dioxide granger causes urbanization, GDP and FD unit directionally.Research limitations/implicationsThe countries' governments should effectively improve their legal systems to regulate carbon dioxide emissions. Urbanization laws should be implemented to limit urbanization environmental deteriorating effects on carbon dioxide emissions. This occurs as the countries practiced unregulated urbanization which increases population's environmental impacts. The study recommends sustainable green urbanization policies for environmental conservation through tree planting and horticulture. Balance development in urban and rural areas is vital to decongest the urban cities' pressure in the states. The governments should motivate the private sector with rural investments captivating policies to limit rural urban migration.Originality/valueThe findings contribute value by supporting a positive link between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions in the CEMAC zone. The causality tests findings confirm the view that carbon dioxide granger causes urbanization, GDP and FD unit directionally. This value addition is essential to the governments and policy makers to mitigate urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions in the CEMAC region.
Pumpkin seed oil and zinc attenuate chronic mild stress perturbations in the cerebral cortex of rats
Authors: El-Azma Marwa H. , El-Beih Nadia M. , El-Shamy Karima A. , Koriem Khaled M.M. , Elkassaby Mahitab I. , El-Sayed Wael M. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the potential of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) and zinc to attenuate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation caused by chronic mild stress (CMS) in the cerebral cortex of male rats.

Design/methodology/approach
The rats were submitted to stress for six weeks and then the behavior of the rats was tested by forced swimming test (FST) and novel cage test. The treated groups were given venlafaxine (20 mg/kg), pumpkin seed oil (40 mg/kg) and zinc (4 mg/kg). The cortex homogenate was used for the detection of the oxidative stress parameters, the concentration of neurotransmitters, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and the expression of histamine N-methyltransferase (Hnmt) and tyrosine hydroxylase (Th).

Findings
CMS causes a significant increase in immobility time in the FST and a significant decrease in the number of rearing in the novel cage test. CMS group showed a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, levels of cortisol, TNF-α, IL-1β, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. CMS caused a significant decrease in the concentrations of serotonin, GABA, norepinephrine, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and Na+/K+-ATPase. CMS caused a marked reduction in the expression of Hnmt and Th in the cortex. PSO and zinc attenuated the Na+/K+-ATPase activity, oxidative parameters and neuroinflammation induced by the CMS, and this was reflected by the elevation of the concentration of neurotransmitters and reduction of cortisol and ALT, in addition to the behavior normalization. PSO and zinc attenuated the CMS by improving the antioxidant milieu and anti-inflammatory status of the cerebral cortex.

Originality/value
There are no studies on the effect of pumpkin seed oil on depression
Idea paper: An envelope model of ecological disturbance
Authors: Friedman Nicholas R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDisturbance is common in natural ecosystems, but increasingly defines them. While there are many descriptions for the dynamics of an ecosystem's response to disturbance, there are few descriptions for the dynamics of the disturbance itself. I describe a novel application of a model based on the production of amplitude envelopes in acoustics and electronic music synthesis, with varying parameters Attack, Decay, Sustain, and Release (ADSR). I show that varying the parameters of the ADSR model is sufficient to produce and vary the qualitative disturbance regimes described by previous authors, and is capable of producing dynamics not previously considered. I tested the utility of the ADSR model by applying it to a logistic growth model. I found that manipulating the attack and release parameters of the ADSR model changes the population dynamics estimated by these models. This implies that responses to disturbance are determined not only by the resilience and resistance of the ecological system, but also the dynamics of the disturbance itself. My hope is that the ADSR model will prove useful to researchers in either describing disturbances in long‐term ecological data, or in producing disturbances for simulations or experiments.
Relationship between creatinine to body weight ratios and diabetes mellitus: A Chinese cohort study
Authors: Chen Zhuangsen , Zou Yang , Yang Fan , Ding Xiao han , Cao Changchun , Hu Haofei , Wang Xinyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch on the relationship between creatinine to body weight ratios (Cre/BW ratios) and the prevalence of diabetes is still lacking. The intention of this research was to explore the potential relationship between Cre/BW ratio and diabetes prevalence in Chinese adults.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on 199 526 patients in the Chinese Rich Healthcare Group from 2010 to 2016. The participants were divided into four groups on the basis of the quartiles of the Cre/BW ratios. Multivariate multiple imputation and dummy variables were used to handle missing values. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to detect the relationship between Cre/BW and diabetes. A smoothing plot was also used to identify whether there were nonlinear relationships.ResultsAfter handling missing values and adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that Cre/BW was inversely correlated with diabetes risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.268; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.229–0.314, p < 0.00001). For men, the HR of incident diabetes was 0.255 (95% CI: 0.212–0.307) and for women it was 0.297 (95% CI: 0.218–0.406). Moreover, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results. Furthermore, the smoothing plot revealed that there was a saturation effect between Cre/BW and the incidence of diabetes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that increased Cre/BW is negatively correlated with diabetes in Chinese adults. It also found that Cre/BW has a nonlinear relationship with the incidence of diabetes.
Management of status epilepticus: a narrative review
Authors: Migdady I. , Rosenthal E. S. , Cock H. R. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryStatus epilepticus causes prolonged or repetitive seizures that, if left untreated, can lead to neuronal injury, severe disability, coma and death in paediatric and adult populations. While convulsive status epilepticus can be diagnosed using clinical features alone, non‐convulsive status epilepticus requires confirmation by electroencephalogram. Early seizure control remains key in preventing the complications of status epilepticus. This is especially true for convulsive status epilepticus, which has stronger evidence supporting the benefit of treatment on outcomes. When status epilepticus becomes refractory, often due to gamma‐aminobutyric acid and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor modulation, anaesthetic drugs are needed to suppress seizure activity, of which there is limited evidence regarding the selection, dose or duration of their use. Seizure monitoring with electroencephalogram is often needed when patients do not return to baseline or during anaesthetic wean; however, it is resource‐intensive, costly, only available in highly specialised centres and has not been shown to improve functional outcomes. Thus, the treatment goals and aggressiveness of therapy remain under debate, especially for non‐convulsive status epilepticus, where prolonged therapeutic coma can lead to severe complications. This review presents an evidence‐based, clinically‐oriented and comprehensive review of status epilepticus and its definitions, aetiologies, treatments, outcomes and prognosis at different stages of the patient’s journey.
Management of traumatic brain injury: a narrative review of current evidence
Authors: Wiles M. D. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryGlobally, approximately 70 million people sustain traumatic brain injury each year and this can have significant physical, psychosocial and economic consequences for patients, their families and society. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with a summary of recent studies of direct relevance to the management of traumatic brain injury in order to promote best clinical practice. The use of tranexamic acid in the management of traumatic brain injury has been the focus of several studies, with one large randomised controlled trial suggesting a reduction in all‐cause mortality within 24 h of injury. The use of therapeutic hypothermia does not improve neurological outcomes and maintenance of normothermia remains the optimal management strategy. For seizure management, levetiracetam appears to be as effective as phenytoin, but the optimal dose remains unclear. There has been a lack of clear outcome benefit for any individual osmotherapy agent, with no difference in mortality or neurological recovery. Early tracheostomy (< 7 days from injury) for patients with traumatic brain injury is associated with a reduction in the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia and duration of mechanical ventilation, critical care and hospital stay. Further research is needed in order to determine the optimal package of care and interventions. There is a need for research studies to focus on patient‐centred outcome measures such as long‐term neurological recovery and quality of life.
Do beliefs in the malleability of well‐being affect the efficacy of positive psychology interventions? Results of a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Gander Fabian , Proyer René T. , Ruch Willibald 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study examines the role of beliefs about the malleability of well‐being in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, online positive psychology intervention targeting 267 German‐speaking adults (83% women, mean age = 43.16 years). The participants of the experimental group (“three good things” intervention) and placebo control group (“early memories”) reported their levels of happiness before and immediately after the 1‐week intervention, as well as 2, 4, and 12 weeks after the intervention. Furthermore, the researchers recorded how participants completed the exercises and to what extent they liked the exercises. This study also assesses the participants' beliefs surrounding two different aspects of malleability (well‐being is modifiable in general, and one knows how to change their well‐being). Although both aspects of malleability were strongly intercorrelated, beliefs about how to change one's well‐being seemed particularly relevant in the context of positive psychology interventions: Those who reported a stronger belief about how to change their well‐being liked the intervention better and more often completed the activity as instructed. Further, they reported greater increases in well‐being as compared with the control group. We conclude that beliefs about the malleability of well‐being might represent an important moderating variable in the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions.
Do complexity and ambiguity affect people's intent to apply for public assistance?
Authors: Moon Hyejin , Heo Yong‐Chang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article aims to raise and empirically test whether complexity and ambiguity would affect the intent to apply for public assistance in the case of South Korea. Results of regression analysis reveal that the complexity of the application process has led to a greater decline in the intent of the poor to apply, possibly because the present bias is relatively greater. These outcomes indicate that the ambiguity aversion attitude of the poor was not different from that of the non‐poor. However, when ambiguity is combined with complexity, it has an additive effect, lowering the intention to apply. From these findings, understandable policy manuals should be provided to potential applicants of assistance services and multiple forms, and evidence materials should be simplified in public assistance. Finally, in terms of behavioral economics and social policy, decreasing the complexity and ambiguity could “nudge” the Non‐take‐up and encourage them to apply for selective welfare programs.
Acculturation trajectories of South Korean multicultural adolescents and their immigrant mothers and its association with adolescent adjustments
Authors: Park Jisu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study identified the acculturation trajectories of multicultural adolescents in South Korea along with those of their migrant mothers using a latent class growth analysis and examined the relationship between latent trajectories of adolescents and their mothers and the adjustment of adolescents. Data from a nationally representative sample of Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (N = 1458, Girls = 50.62%, age range = 9.97–14.96) were used. Three latent acculturation trajectories of multicultural adolescents were identified, including integration, modest assimilation, and high assimilation, and four latent acculturation trajectories of migrant mothers were distinguished, including high assimilation, high separation, modest assimilation, and modest separation. The most favorable profiles were those of the integration of adolescents and high assimilation of migrant mothers. These findings suggested the importance of providing family‐based prevention and intervention programs against the maladjustment of South Korean multicultural adolescents.
Elevated serum uric acid is a facilitating mechanism for insulin resistance mediated accumulation of visceral adipose tissue
Authors: Fernández‐Chirino Luisa , Antonio‐Villa Neftali Eduardo , Fermín‐Martínez Carlos A. , Márquez‐Salinas Alejandro , Guerra Enrique C. , Vargas‐Vázquez Arsenio , Almeda‐Valdés Paloma , Gómez‐Velasco Donají , Viveros‐Ruiz Tania L. , Rojas Rosalba , Aguilar Salinas Carlos A. , Bello‐Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveSerum uric acid (SUA) has been associated with cardiometabolic conditions such as insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation. Here, we aimed to clarify a unifying mechanism linking elevated SUA to IR and VAT.MethodsWe conducted analyses in 226 subjects from the UIEM cohort with both euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements for IR and VAT accumulation and explored the role of SUA and adiponectin by developing a network of causal mediation analyses to assess their impact on IR and VAT. These models were then translated to two population‐based cohorts comprising 6337 subjects from NHANES 2003–2004 and 2011–2012 cycles in the US and ENSANUT Medio Camino 2016 in Mexico, using HOMA2IR and adipoIR as indicators of peripheral and adipose tissue IR, and METS‐VF as a surrogate for VAT accumulation.ResultsSUA has a mediating role inside a bidirectional relationship between IR and visceral obesity, which was similar using either gold standard measurements or surrogate measures for IR and VAT. Furthermore, adiponectin acts as a linking mediator between elevated SUA and both peripheral IR and VAT accumulation. The proportion of the mechanism for IR‐mediated (in either peripheral or adipose tissue) VAT accumulation was greater, compared to VAT‐mediated IR accumulation (10.53% [9.23%–12.00%] to 5.44% [3.78%–7.00%]). Normal‐range SUA levels can be used to rule‐out underlying cardio‐metabolic abnormalities in both men and women.ConclusionsElevated SUA acts as a mediator inside the bidirectional relationship between IR and VAT accumulation and these observations could be applicable at a phenotype scale.
Selectively disrupted sensorimotor circuits in chronic stroke with hand dysfunction
Authors: Liu FeiWen , Chen ChangCheng , Hong WenJun , Bai ZhongFei , Wang SiZhong , Lu HanNa , Lin QiXiang , Zhao ZhiYong , Tang ChaoZheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the directional and selective disconnection of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) subregions in chronic stroke patients with hand dysfunction.MethodsWe mapped the resting‐state fMRI effective connectivity (EC) patterns for seven SMC subregions in each hemisphere of 65 chronic stroke patients and 40 healthy participants and correlated these patterns with paretic hand performance.ResultsCompared with controls, patients demonstrated disrupted EC in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex_4p, ipsilesional primary somatosensory cortex_2 (PSC_2), and contralesional PSC_3a. Moreover, we found that EC values of the contralesional PSC_1 to contralesional precuneus, the ipsilesional inferior temporal gyrus to ipsilesional PSC_1, and the ipsilesional PSC_1 to contralesional postcentral gyrus were correlated with paretic hand performance across all patients. We further divided patients into partially (PPH) and completely (CPH) paretic hand subgroups. Compared with CPH patients, PPH patients demonstrated decreased EC in the ipsilesional premotor_6 and ipsilesional PSC_1. Interestingly, we found that paretic hand performance was positively correlated with seven sensorimotor circuits in PPH patients, while it was negatively correlated with five sensorimotor circuits in CPH patients.ConclusionSMC neurocircuitry was selectively disrupted after chronic stroke and associated with diverse hand outcomes, which deepens the understanding of SMC reorganization.
Intramyocardial echo‐free space with a turbulent flow within, suggestive of an aneurysmal coronary artery
Authors: Omidi Negar , Houshmand Golnaz , Pourhosseini Hamidreza , Hosseinsabet Ali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronary artery aneurysms are well known, and intramyocardial coronary artery aneurysms comprise a rare type of this condition. This case image presents an incidentally detected intramyocardial aneurysm in the left anterior descending artery of a 32‐year‐old man with atypical chest pain evaluated by multimodality imaging. The presence of an intramyocardial echo‐free space may flag up this condition.
Circadian transcription factor NPAS2 and the NAD+‐dependent deacetylase SIRT1 interact in the mouse nucleus accumbens and regulate reward
Authors: Becker‐Krail Darius D. , Parekh Puja K. , Ketchesin Kyle D. , Yamaguchi Shintaro , Yoshino Jun , Hildebrand Mariah A. , Dunham Brandan , Ganapathiraju Madhavi K. , Logan Ryan W. , McClung Colleen A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSubstance use disorders are associated with disruptions to both circadian rhythms and cellular metabolic state. At the molecular level, the circadian molecular clock and cellular metabolic state may be interconnected through interactions with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). In the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region important for reward, both SIRT1 and the circadian transcription factor neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) are highly enriched, and both are regulated by the metabolic cofactor NAD+. Substances of abuse, like cocaine, greatly disrupt cellular metabolism and promote oxidative stress; however, their effects on NAD+ in the brain remain unclear. Interestingly, cocaine also induces NAc expression of both NPAS2 and SIRT1, and both have independently been shown to regulate cocaine reward in mice. However, whether NPAS2 and SIRT1 interact in the NAc and/or whether together they regulate reward is unknown. Here, we demonstrate diurnal expression of Npas2, Sirt1 and NAD+ in the NAc, which is altered by cocaine‐induced upregulation. Additionally, co‐immunoprecipitation reveals NPAS2 and SIRT1 interact in the NAc, and cross‐analysis of NPAS2 and SIRT1 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing reveals several reward‐relevant and metabolic‐related pathways enriched among shared gene targets. Notably, NAc‐specific Npas2 knock‐down or a functional Npas2 mutation in mice attenuates SIRT1‐mediated increases in cocaine preference. Together, our data reveal an interaction between NPAS2 and SIRT1 in the NAc, which may serve to integrate cocaine's effects on circadian and metabolic factors, leading to regulation of drug reward.
Biota‐mediated carbon cycling—A synthesis of biotic‐interaction controls on blue carbon
Authors: Ren Linjing , Jensen Kai , Porada Philipp , Mueller Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch into biotic interactions has been a core theme of ecology for over a century. However, despite the obvious role that biota play in the global carbon cycle, the effects of biotic interactions on carbon pools and fluxes are poorly understood. Here we develop a conceptual framework that illustrates the importance of biotic interactions in regulating carbon cycling based on a literature review and a quantitative synthesis by means of meta‐analysis. Our study focuses on blue carbon ecosystems—vegetated coastal ecosystems that function as the most effective long‐term CO2sinks of the biosphere. We demonstrate that a multitude of mutualistic, competitive and consumer–resource interactions between plants, animals and microbiota exert strong effects on carbon cycling across various spatial scales ranging from the rhizosphere to the landscape scale. Climate change‐sensitive abiotic factors modulate the strength of biotic‐interaction effects on carbon fluxes, suggesting that the importance of biota‐mediated carbon cycling will change under future climatic conditions. Strong effects of biotic interactions on carbon cycling imply that biosphere‐climate feedbacks may not be sufficiently represented in current Earth system models. Inclusion of new functional groups in these models, and new approaches to simplify species interactions, may thus improve the predictions of biotic effects on the global climate.
Noise‐induced versus intrinsic oscillation in ecological systems
Authors: Esmaeili Shadisadat , Hastings Alan , Abbott Karen C. , Machta Jonathan , Nareddy Vahini Reddy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudies of oscillatory populations have a long history in ecology. A first‐principles understanding of these dynamics can provide insights into causes of population regulation and help with selecting detailed predictive models. A particularly difficult challenge is determining the relative role of deterministic versus stochastic forces in producing oscillations. We employ statistical physics concepts, including measures of spatial synchrony, that incorporate patterns at all scales and are novel to ecology, to show that spatial patterns can, under broad and well‐defined circumstances, elucidate drivers of population dynamics. We find that when neighbours are coupled (e.g. by dispersal), noisy intrinsic oscillations become distinguishable from noise‐induced oscillations at a transition point related to synchronisation that is distinct from the deterministic bifurcation point. We derive this transition point and show that it diverges from the deterministic bifurcation point as stochasticity increases. The concept of universality suggests that the results are robust and widely applicable.