bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term real-world outcomes in retinal vein occlusions: How close are we to the trials?
Authors: Shah Payal Naresh , Shanmugam Mahesh Palanivelu , Vora Ushma Bimal , Agrawal Surbhi , Sirivella Indrani , Suryakanth Shwetha , Jayasingh Ramya 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To assess and analyze the visual outcomes of patients with retinal vein occlusions in a real-world setting with a long-term follow-up of more than 5 years.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 56 patients having retinal vein occlusions from a tertiary eye center, with a mean follow-up of 7 years was performed. Primary outcome measures were mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and final visit (≥5 years), proportion of patients having BCVA better than 20/40 and worse than 20/200, and mean number of injections. Secondary outcome measures were change in central macular thickness (CMT), development of subsequent retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in same eye or the other eye, and development of neovascular complications.

Results:
The mean change in letter score was + 11.84 in branch RVO (BRVO), +7.14 in non-ischemic central RVO (CRVO), and −9.5 in ischemic CRVO at 1 year, which changed to + 8.57, −5 and − 24, respectively, at the end of follow-up. CMT had improved from 506 ± 98.8 mm, 576.44 ± 149 mm, and 618 ± 178.27 mm, respectively, at baseline to 267 ± 94 mm, 345.20 ± 122.61 mm, and 265.50 ± 107.75 mm, respectively, in BRVO, non-ischemic, and ischemic hemi RVO (HRVO)/CRVO groups. The total mean number of injections given in BRVO, non-ischemic CRVO, and ischemic CRVO groups were 4.6, 6.6, and 4.1, respectively. None of the patients with BRVO developed neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Non-ischemic to ischemic HRVO/CRVO conversion was noted in 4/11 eyes at a mean duration of 12.6 months. NVG was noted in 7/9 eyes (77.8%) in initial ischemic CRVO/HRVO group and 3/4 (75%) converted eyes.

Conclusion:
Patients with BRVO have good visual outcomes with anti-VEGF, while in CRVO results may vary considerably owing to patient compliance and treatment burden on long-term follow-up in a real-world setting.
Do motivational cards really benefit sibling screening of primary open-angle glaucoma probands?
Authors: Gurnani Bharat , Srinivasan Kavitha , Venkatesh Rengaraj , Kaur Kirandeep 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To compare the impact of Sibling Motivational Card (SMC) and oral counseling in screening siblings of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) probands.

Methods:
Two hundred and thirty-four newly diagnosed POAG probands were randomized to receive either oral counseling or SMC to motivate their siblings for a glaucoma screening at a tertiary eye care hospital in South India from July 2015 and June 2017. A total of 116 probands were orally counseled with a standard template of dialogs about the importance of family screening to motivate their siblings for a screening. One hundred and eighteen probands were randomized to receive SMC, bearing the details of the proband, sibling, and a message stressing the importance of family screening, in addition to oral counseling. We assessed the response rate in each group. Additionally, we evaluated the prevalence of POAG in the siblings.

Results:
A total of 95 siblings of 234 POAG probands were screened. The mean age distribution was 53.33 ± 10.9 years (range 28–79 years). The male to female ratio was 3:4. The percentage of siblings screened was more in the oral counseling group (63.2%) than in the SMC group (36.8). About 43 (45%) siblings had some form of glaucoma, and 13.6% had POAG. An additional 22.1% were disk suspects, and 5.2% had ocular hypertension.

Conclusion:
SMC did not have an additional benefit over the standard oral counseling in promoting sibling screening. Our study stresses the importance of sibling screening in POAG probands. Targeting siblings of POAG probands with oral counseling may offer a relatively inexpensive way of detecting glaucoma.
A comparative analysis of surgical outcome in uveitic and non-uveitic steroid–induced glaucoma in children
Authors: Balekudaru Shantha , Shah Deep , Lingam Vijaya , George Ronnie , George Amala Elizabeth , Ganesh Sudha K , Biswas Jyotirmay , Majumder Parthopratim Dutta , Baskaran Mani 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To compare outcomes of surgical management of uveitic glaucoma (UG) and steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) in children in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) control, visual acuity, and associations for failure.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case–control study of consecutive UG (cases) and non-uveitic SIG (controls) in children <18 years of age who underwent surgery between January 2005 and December 2017.

Results:
Primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) was performed in 12 cases (mean age: 9.2 ± 4.3 years) and 40 controls (mean age: 10.4 ± 3.7 years) (P = 0.33). Primary phaco-trabeculectomy with MMC was performed in 11 cases (mean age: 11.4 ± 4.7 years) and 16 controls (mean age: 10.4 ± 3.4 years) (P = 0.57). IOP control (P = 0.26), visual acuity (P = 0.97), number of glaucoma medications (P = 0.06), and survival rates (49% cases vs. 68% controls at 5 years; P = 0.22) were similar between the two groups following trabeculectomy. Survival rates in the phaco-trabeculectomy group at 5 years were 68% cases vs. 69% controls (P = 0.71). IOP was higher (P = 0.008) and visual acuity was worse (P = 0.02) in cases at the last visit. Associations for failure (univariate analysis) were younger age (OR: 6.29, 95% CL: 1.43, 27.67; P = 0.03) and male gender (OR: 4.79, 95% CL: 1.09, 20.97; P = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, younger age (OR: 11.985, 95% CL: 1.071, 134.153; P = 0.04) remained significant. Preoperative number of uveitic attacks was protective on univariate (OR: 0.75, 95% CL: 0.48, 1.15; P = 0.1) and multivariate analyses (OR: 0.49, 95% CL: 0.24, 0.09; P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Outcomes of trabeculectomy between cases and controls were similar in our series. However, phaco-trabeculectomy in pediatric uveitic eye group fared worse than eyes with SIG.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography characteristics and management of a unique spectrum of foreign bodies in the cornea and anterior chamber
Authors: Bhargava Mona , Bhambhani Varsha , Paul Raj S 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To report anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) characteristics of different types of corneal and anterior chamber (AC) foreign bodies (FBs) and their usefulness in diagnosis and management.

Methods:
This is a retrospective descriptive clinical study involving 11 eyes of 11 patients who presented at the outpatient department of a tertiary ophthalmic care center from January 2017 to January 2022. All patients had a diagnosed or suspected corneal FB. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, followed by slit-lamp photography and ASOCT. FB removal was done where required by an external, internal, or combined approach.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 28.2 (7–53) years. Ten were male, and one was female. Seven patients had a definitive positive history of injury; in one, there was a history suggestive of trauma, one had the post-operative complication of scleral buckling surgery, and two patients had a history of insect fall in the eyes. Three patients had acute, four had sub-acute, and four had chronic presentations. Descemet’s membrane (DM) breach was suspected in three cases of deep FB, which was later confirmed on ASOCT. In two cases, DM was presumed to be intact clinically, but ASOCT showed an AC penetration. The FB was removed in seven patients, one via slit-lamp, one via an external approach, two via an internal approach, and three via a combined approach.

Conclusion:
ASOCT facilitates non-invasive rapid imaging of ocular tissue at various depths, provides an accurate assessment of FB characteristics, and thereby serves as an additional tool in our armamentarium for diagnosis and management of deep corneal and AC FBs.
Clinical characteristics of congenital and developmental cataract in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kabylbekova Aliya , Meirmanov Serik , Aringazina Altyn , Orazbekov Lukpan , Auyezova Ardak 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To study and describe clinical characteristics of congenital and developmental cataract at a tertiary eye care facility.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, 942 children (1311 eyes) presenting with congenital/developmental cataract over a 10-year study period were included. Gender, age at surgery, main presenting complaint, morphologic type of cataract, laterality, family history, and associated findings were recorded.

Results:
The overall proportion of boys and girls undergoing cataract surgery was approximately equal (P = 0.110). However, in the cases of bilateral cataract, the proportion of boys was larger than girls (P = 0.028). More than half (62.3%) of the patients underwent surgery at the age of >3 years. The main presenting complaint was white pupils, accounting for 48.1% of cases. Total cataract was the most common morphologic type in all age groups. In total, 133 children out of 942 (14.1%) had a positive family history of congenital/developmental cataract. Strabismus and nystagmus were seen in 27.2% and 19.3% of the eyes, respectively. Additional ocular dysmorphology was found in 97 (10.3%) of patients. Coexisting systemic disease was found in 149 (15.8%) cases. Among syndrome-associated cataracts, Down syndrome accounted for the majority of cases.

Conclusion:
High prevalence of total cataracts as well as frequent association with strabismus and nystagmus are likely to be the consequences of delayed presentation.
Clinical and demographic profile of patients less than 40 years of age presenting to glaucoma services at a tertiary care eye hospital in South India
Authors: Parab Aditi , Kavitha Srinivasan , Odayappan Annamalai , Venkatesh Rengaraj 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To study the clinical and demographic profile of patients less than 40 years of age presenting to glaucoma services including the reasons for referral.

Methods:
Patients in the age group of 5 to 39 years, visiting the glaucoma clinic, who were either suspected to have glaucoma or who had been newly/previously diagnosed with glaucoma were included in the study. After informed written consent, basic demographic details of the participants including age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, and family history were obtained. A comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation was performed by glaucoma specialists.

Results:
The proportion of glaucoma in the study population (n = 384) was found to be 31.25%, and the incidence of glaucoma among new patients was found to be 11.9%. Among all glaucomas (n = 120), 44.2% of patients had secondary glaucomas, 27.5% had primary glaucomas, and 28.3% had congenital glaucomas. Also, 67.3% of all glaucoma patients were males. Newly diagnosed glaucoma patients presented with a mean intraocular pressure (IOP) of 32.9 mmHg and mild–moderate disc damage with a mean cup-disc ratio of 0.65. Nearly one-third of them had a presenting visual acuity worse than 5/60. The most common reason for referral was raised IOP. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the odds of developing glaucoma were less in females (P = 0.04) and in patients with a higher standard of living index (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
One-third of the patients had glaucoma and another one-third were suspects. Secondary glaucomas are more common than primary/congenital glaucomas. A comprehensive eye evaluation is a must, especially in those with predisposing factors.
Evaluation of Immunohistochemistry Technique for Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Biopsy Tissue Specimen as Compared to Composite Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Rao Pragati D. , Devi D. R. Gayathri , Gouri S. R. Mangala , Arjun A. S. , Krishnappa Lalitha , Azeem Abdul 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) has been challenging owing to its paucibacillary nature and diverse clinical manifestations. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on biopsy specimens has presented a new perspective toward improving tuberculosis diagnosis. MPT64 is a unique antigen that has shown high sensitivity and specificity compared to other conventional techniques in its ability to diagnose tuberculosis as well as differentiate it from nontubercular mycobacteria. In this study, we aimed to analyze the utility of anti-MPT64 in the diagnosis of EPTB.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, conducted over a period of 1 year, 52 nonrepetitive samples from 52 participants with a presumptive diagnosis of EPTB were collected and processed. The specimens were subjected to Ziehl–Neelsen staining, GeneXpert, tissue culture by mycobacterium growth indicator tube, H and E staining, and IHC with anti-MPT64. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-MPT64 was computed against a composite diagnostic criterion.

Results:
Fifty-two consecutive participants satisfying the study criteria were recruited. The mean age of the study population was 37.35 ± 18.71 years. Lymph node specimen accounted for majority of the specimen processed (n = 20, 38.5%). The sensitivity of anti-MPT64 in the diagnosis of EPTB was 68.29%, specificity was 90.90%, positive predictive value was 96.55%, and negative predictive value was 43.47%, when composite criteria were considered standard for diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Immunohistochemical staining by anti-MPT64 is useful in establishing microbiological diagnosis of EPTB on biopsy specimens.
High Prevalence of Fungal and NDM-OXA Producing Gram-Negative Bacterial Superinfections in the Second Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in India
Authors: Katoch Omika , Sharad Neha , Singh Parul , Srivastav Sharad , Aggrawal Richa , Malhotra Rajesh , Mathur Purva 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
During the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), superinfection caused by fungus and multidrug-resistant bacteria worsened the severity of illness in COVID-19 patients. Limited studies from India reported the antimicrobial resistance pattern of secondary infections. In this study, we aim to study the epidemiology of pathogens causing superinfections and genotyping of Gram-negative isolates in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at a dedicated COVID-19 center, India. The identification of bacteria/fungi was done by Vitek2® and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system. Identification of beta-lactamase genes was done using thermal cycler. The diagnosis of mucormycosis was based on 10% potassium hydroxide direct microscopy. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 15.1 (StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA). For continuous variables, mean and standard deviation were computed. For comparing proportions of secondary infections across admission location and outcomes, the Chi-squared test of independence was used. To compare the mean and median between intensive care units and outcomes, an independent t-test and a Mann–Whitney test were used.

Results:
Of all the clinical samples, 45.4% of samples were cultured positive for secondary infections. Acinetobacter baumannii (35%) was the most common Gram-negative pathogen, while among Gram positive, it was Enterococcus faecium (40%). Among fungus, Candida spp. (61%) predominates followed by molds. Colistin and tigecycline proved effective against these pathogens. blaNDM
was the most prevalent gene followed by the blaOX
among the carbapenemase genes.

Conclusions:
The mortality rate among COVID-19 patients with secondary infection was significantly higher compared to the overall mortality rate in COVID-19 patients.
Three-dimensional laparoscopic approach to distal oesophageal diverticula: Single-centre experience
Authors: Baili Efstratia , Di Maggio Francesco , Zanotti Daniela , Botha Abraham J. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Epiphrenic oesophageal diverticula are rare and often asymptomatic. When symptoms are present, minimally invasive diverticulectomy is considered the gold standard of treatment. While there is an agreement on the pre-operative assessment, no consensus is achieved when it comes to surgical technique. In the present study, we report our experience and propose a standardised approach to manage this rare oesophageal disorder.

Materials and Methods:
We prospectively analysed data of all consecutive patients who underwent three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic distal oesophageal diverticulum resection during 2015–2020 at Upper gastrointestinal surgical department, St Thomas’ Hospital, regarding pre-operative assessment, surgical technique, peri-and post-operative outcomes.

Results:
Six patients were submitted to 3D laparoscopic diverticulectomy, five of which with additional anterior myotomy and fundoplication and one with additional hiatal hernia repair only. Three patients followed a specific diet in preparation for surgery. Median pre-operative Eckardt symptom score was five. Two patients had normal manometry. Median operative time was 180 min, median estimated blood loss was <100 ml, neither intraoperative complications nor conversions to open approach occurred. All patients reported a complete resolution of symptoms directly after surgery. Median follow-up was 66 months. Five patients have none or minimal residual symptoms. One had recurrence requiring a revision operation for intermittent dysphagia.

Conclusions:
3D laparoscopic diverticulectomy offers a reasonable chance of treatment in patients with epiphrenic diverticula. Optimal selection of patients, optimisation for surgery, gaining the surgical experience of carrying out these techniques and impact on short- and long-term results are issues that still remain under debate.
AS ÁRVORES ENSINAM?
Authors: Barbosa Patrícia Lucchesi 
Published: December 2022

No Fedro a filosofia é considerada uma psicagogia,[1] uma vez que, por meio do discurso, a alma é conduzida e afetada pelo outro. O diálogo se dá em um movimento relacional, já que se trata de um périplo a dois para além dos muros da cidade, ao mesmo tempo, o diálogo problematiza a questão do movimento autônomo da alma. Há uma tendência natural de ascensão na alma, uma vez que ela causa seu próprio movimento, assim como gerencia o movimento do corpo, contudo ela é afetada pelo poder do discurso o qual pode potencializar essa tendência ou inibi-la. A condução da alma é possível porque há, na sua própria estrutura, um princípio inteligível que a conduz, assim sendo, a autonomia da alma frente ao poder do discurso faz com que a retórica tenha suas limitações. Mas se a alma é soberana em relação aos discursos, é mister reconhecer que sua condução pressupõe alteridade; nesse sentido a autonomia da alma como causa do movimento não implica em uma autonomia radical que tornaria o outro prescindível. O diálogo exige um efetivo encontro com o outro, e é somente nessa medida que Platão o considera superior à escrita, afinal o verdadeiro discurso se escreve na alma, palavra viva e animada que pressupõe um relacionamento salutar com o outro.
Palavras-chave: Alma. Alteridade. Psicagogia.

[1] O uso da palavra psykhagogía (psykhé + ago) tem inicialmente a conotação de conjurar as almas dos mortos ou de usar magia e encantamentos para guiar as almas das pessoas vivas. O verbo psykhagoréo, significa inicialmente conduzir as almas para o outro mundo e, posteriormente, atrair, conquistar, fascinar e, em sentido negativo, seduzir ou iludir a alma. O verbo àgo, por sua vez, tem o sentido mais amplo de conduzir, guiar. Em um sentido literal, Platão utiliza o termo psicagogia como condução da alma.
BERGSON E NIETZSCHE:
Authors: Dias Silvano Severino 
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar como as intuições de fundo, que delineiam o conceito de vida em Bergson (1959-1941) e em Nietzsche (1844-1900) fundamentam as suas compreensões sobre o conceito de mística, diferente do explicitado na obra de um autor anônimo, intitulada Relato de um Peregrino Russo (1831). Enquanto os dois primeiros autores sinalizam para a compreensão de um paradigma laico de espiritualidade, o terceiro expressa uma perspectiva de espiritualidade religiosa. Mesmo assim, elas apoiam-se em experiência imediata da dinâmica da vida. Para os dois filósofos, as expressões “impulso originário da vida” e “impulso criador e de invenção da vida” não possuem nexos conceituais conflitantes, mas apenas divergências de estilo e de compreensão da realidade. Se para Bergson, em A Evolução Criadora a vida é compreendia como sendo um princípio originário, denominado Élan Vital — movimento para Nietzsche, em Fragmentos póstumos, compreende o conceito de mundo (natureza) e de vida como vontade de potência — processo do vir a ser como superação de si e necessidade de autodestruição. Para esses autores, a experiência do fluxo da vida e o impulso criador orientam o modo de pensar e de agir do místico, o qual busca comunicar por meio de uma linguagem simbólica a necessidade de ir além dos princípios que norteiam a lógica do entendimento humano, e dos hábitos que regem e constituem a dinâmica da moral fechada e da moral de rebanho.
Palavras-chave: Vida. Vir a ser. Vontade de Potência. Bergson. Nietzsche. Mística.
La complejidad del aprendizaje del hombre en la bioagricultura alimentaria
Authors: Villalta García Victor Estuardo , Pantaleón Córdova Melvy Dinora , Villela Cervantes Claudia Esmeralda 
Published: December 2022

OBJETIVO: reflexionar sobre la complejidad del aprendizaje del hombre en la bioagricultura alimentaria en el oriente de Guatemala. MÉTODO: se realizó revisión bibliográfica, con el uso de la hermenéutica en la interpretación RESULTADOS: la Bioagricultura, se refiere a lo vivo de la naturaleza, es la relación armónica de los sistemas agrícolas con el Planeta Tierra, las relaciones recursivas de la triada individuo, sociedad y especie, la autoorganización y autopoiesis que solo los seres vivos que habitan el planeta Tierra son capaces de tener, el proceso de autoorganización es propio de la naturaleza. CONCLUSIÓN: la recursividad, la armonía, la interrelación existente entre el hombre con la madre tierra y las especies que cohabitan en la casa común, es lo que permite a los agricultores del oriente de Guatemala el crecimiento de saberes ancestrales para aplicarlos en la bioagricultura.
Hubungan pencahayaan dan suhu dengan kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Desa Tirtonirmolo Kecamatan Kasihan Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Damayanti Susi , Kristanti Handriani 
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Demam Berdarah Dengue adalah penyakit infeksi yang di sebabkan oleh virus dengue yang di tularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan albopictus yang terinfeksi. Data tiga tahun terakhir kasus Demam Berdarah tahun 2015 sebanyak 275 kasus, kemudian meningkat menjadi 404 kasus di tahun 2016, dan menurun pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 78 kasus. Desa di Kecamatan Kasihan yang berstatus endemik karena telah mengalami peningkatan jumlah kasus DBD selama 3 tahun berturut-turut dan menjadi penyumbang terbesar kasus DBD di Kecamatan Kasihan adalah Desa Tirtonirmolo yang termasuk dalam wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kasihan II Bantul.Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pencahayaan dan suhu dengan kejadian DBD di Desa Tirtonirmolo, Kecamatan Kasihan, Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta.Metode penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan rancangan case control.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pencahayaan dengan kejadian DBD, dengan nilai p=0,233 dimana >0,05 dan ada hubungan antara suhu dengan kejadian DBD dengan nilai p=0,046.Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara suhu dengan kejadian DBD dan tidak ada hubungan antara pencahayaan dengan kejadian DBD di Desa Tirtonirmolo kecamatan Kasihan Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta.