bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revitalization of ancient Indonesian characters and the maintenance efforts in past 10 years
Authors: Hidayat Arif 
Published: August 2022

Background: This mixing of cultures will also create a cultural reproduction that has the potential for diversity. This culturally diverse country, of course, has a lot of characters from various regions and cultures.
Purpose: this research is expected to be a means to reopen the repertoire of the diversity of characters in Indonesia that has begun to be forgotten. In this study, the author will reveal a number of efforts to maintain the Indonesian script.
Design and methods: the research design were using the library research method. Sources of data used in this study are in the form of documents, books, journals, digital applications obtained through the internet network.
Results: The heritage of Indonesian characters is very diverse with the plurality of tribes in Indonesia. With the support of the development of information technology, the revitalization of Indonesian script culture is very possible to be popularized again.
analysis of illocutionary act in the main character utterances in SOUL movie
Authors: As'adi Panji , Effendi Taufiq 
Published: August 2022

Background: Some people not only use language in communication, but also use actions. It occurs in the movie through dialogue.Dialogue is not usually realized as a written text spoken by an actor or character in a movie
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to find out the types of illocutionary acts do the utterances of the main character in Soul movie convey.
Design and methods: This study uses a descriptive and qualitative method because the data in this study are words rather than numbers.
Results: Researchers classified 137 illocutionary acts in soul movie scripts and found that there are four categories, which are 54 data for representative types (40%), 59 data for directive types (43%), and 10 data for commissive types (7%), and the expression type with 14 data (10%). The directive type shows the highest percentage, and the commissive type shows the lowest percentage. Throughout the analysis of the data, declarative type is not founded by the main character in the movie.
Readability analysis of teaching materials of English courses class 2 and 6 elementary school
Authors: Dewi Sinta , Adijaya Nuryansyah 
Published: August 2022

Background: Textbooks are one of the learning media used by elementary school students. Textbooks function to support teachers in the learning process and become a source of knowledge for students in following the learning process. Books as teaching materials are books that contain various subject matter produced by an author based on the applicable curriculum and serve as guidelines for teachers and students in the learning process.
Purpose: This study focuses on the study to describe the level of readability of teaching materials adapted to children's cognition.
Design and methods: The method used is a qualitative method with data analysis of readability text on webfx . The data used as a source in this study is in the form of text contained in teaching materials for English lessons for grades 2 and 6..
Results: Based on the results of the readability text on webfx , only a book with the title Knowing Kinds of Animals Using the Game "Card Hunting" is intended for grade 4 according to with the level of child cognition intended for grade 2, the age range of 8-9 years shows conformity, meaning that it is easy to understand. With an average readability of about 82 out of 100%. That textbook Easy to understand by 8 to 9 years old. Because one of the characteristics of a good textbook can be analyzed from the use of its structure and linguistic symbols. This means that all the information contained in the text book can be easily understood by readers or children at their age.
use of flashcard media in English learning topic knowing numbers in class 1c students at SDITA El Mamur school
Authors: Yuliana Elma Rida 
Published: August 2022

Background: English subjects at the SD/MI level emphasize the introduction of vocabulary as a foundation or basis in learning English. English ability can be seen from the wealth of vocabulary that a person has. One of the creative efforts in making learning interesting is using media flash cards.
Purpose: This study aims to determine the application of flashcards media about numbers in English in grade 1C at SDITA EL MAMUR.
Design and methods: The researcher collected data using a qualitative approach, the type of research was descriptive narrative, and the data collection technique was interviews with informants, namely the homeroom teacher of class 1C. at SDITA EL MAMUR.
Results: The results of this study indicate that the use of flashcard media can assist students in pronouncing vocabulary numbers in English because the use of flashcard media is easy to understand and attractive to students.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of the Adolescent Reproductive Health Triad
Authors: Satriyono Ahmad Yudi , Sulistyoningsih Hariyani , Hidayani Wuri Ratna 
Published: August 2022

Puberty is experienced by every teenager which is characterized by the maturity of the reproductive organs thus triggering the sexual impulse. If the sexual drive in adolescents is not controlled then it is at risk to the Adolescent Reproductive Health Triad. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the behavior of the Reproductive Health Triad at SMK Duta Pratama Indonesia Tasikmalaya City in 2021. This type of research is an analytical survey using a cross sectional design. The population and sample of this study are all students of SMK Duta Pratama Indonesia based on inclusion criteria. The instrument uses Gform and the data are analyzed univariately and bivariately. The results showed that the average knowledge score was 4.54, the average attitude score was 17.21, and the average behavior score was 5.51. There is no relationship between knowledge and behavior of the Adolescent Reproductive Health Triad p value = 0.135, and there is a relationship between attitudes and behavior of the Adolescent Reproductive Health Triad p value = 0.043. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge and behavior of the Adolescent Reproductive Health Triad and there is a relationship between attitudes and behaviors of the Adolescent Reproductive Health Triad. It is hoped that the school can instill spiritual values and provide adolescent reproductive health education in preventing risky behaviors in students.
The effects of university students’ fragmented reading on cognitive development in the new media age: evidence from Chinese higher education
Authors: Liu Wei , Huang Heng , Saleem Atif , Zhao Zhongping 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe impacts of fragmented reading have been felt on a huge scale during the new media age. An increasingly fast-paced society and a corresponding drop in theoretical reading have affected reading literacy and cognitive development across communities—and among university students in particular. This study sought to identify the components of fragmented reading and cognitive development and investigate the former’s effects on the latter among university students in the new media age.MethodsPaper-based and electronic surveys were used to gather demographic and related-reading data from undergraduates at six Chinese universities in early 2021. After testing the data from 916 samples for reliability and validity, descriptive statistics were obtained and path analysis was undertaken using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe students reported relatively high levels of fragmented reading, particularly in its temporal form. Significant associations were found between the constructs of fragmented reading and cognitive development. Specifically, the fragmentation of content, time, and attention in reading behavior had significant, positive effects on cognitive breadth. However, each of these components was somewhat negatively associated with cognitive depth.ConclusionsThe findings disclosed the dual effects of fragmented reading on the cognitive development of students, opening a new perspective on this debate. As fragmented reading in the new media age grows inexorably, the study highlights the need to utilize its positive effects on cognitive development by integrating and classifying fragmented information into the mental maps of learners.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Diospyros mespiliformis against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damage
Authors: Nwaogu J. , M. Fakai I. , Yahaya I. 
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in albino rats.
Methodology: Acute toxicity study was determined using limit fixed dose test of 5000mg/kg for 14 days. Six (6) adult albino rats of both sexes were used and randomly divided into six groups of one rat each. Hepatoprotective study; a total of forty two (42) adult albino rats were divided in to seven groups, of six rats each. Methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis administered to different groups of rats at the doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg orally daily for fourteen. This was followed by CCl4-administration after every 72 hours for the same period. Silymarin a standard reference drug was administered at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight orally, once daily for fourteen (14) days. Hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activities of liver function indices (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transferase, total protein, albumin, direct and total bilirubin) in serum.
Results: The LD50 of methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The activities of all the marker enzymes revealed a significant (P<0.05) elevated levels and decreased in the levels of total protein and albumin in CCl4 treated rats. Group administered with the extract prior to CCl4 induction show significantly low level of serum liver marker enzymes and increased levels of total protein and albumin compared to CCl4-induced untreated group and this observations is supported by the histology of liver sections, the result indicate that methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis possess significant hepatoprotective property by inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
Conclusion: This property may be attributed to the phytochemical compounds present in the extract.
Water Quality of Cilutung River Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Yustiati Ayi , Mumtaz Yasmin , Iskandar . , Suryadi Ibnu Bangkit Bioshina , Herawati Titin 
Published: August 2022

Cilutung River is one of the sub-watersheds in the middle of the Cimanuk River which is located in Tomo District, Sumedang Regency. Cilutung River utilization is used for sand mining activities and may cause a negative impact on water resources, among others causing a decrease in water quality. The objective of this research effort is to determine the condition of water quality in the Cilutung River, Sumedang Regency in September - November 2020. The method used in this research is the survey method. The technique of determining the station was carried out by purposive sampling method and was carried out at three research stations. The sampling technique was carried out in situ and ex-situ. Parameters observed in situ consist of temperature, light transparency, DO, and pH and ex situ consist of TDS, TSS, nitrate, ammonia, and COD. The temperature value obtained is about 25℃ - 28,7℃. Light transparency value is about 17cm - 23cm. TDS value was about 197 mgL-1 - 276 mgL-1. TSS value was about 27 mgL-1 - 94 mgL-1. pH value is about 6.92 - 7.03. DO value was about 7.1 mgL-1- 7.4 mgL-1. Nitrate value was about 0.06 mgL-1- 0.64 mgL-1. Ammonia value was about 0.001 mgL-1 - 0.002 mgL-1. COD value was about 5.5 mgL-1- 9.6 mgL-1. In general, the water quality of the Cilutung River is classified as good and safe following the water quality standards class II for aquaculture from Regulation of The Government of The Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021. However, the TSS value is above the class II threshold and close to the class III limit due to the sand mining in the Cilutung River.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Soil and Plant and Evaluation of Bioconcentration Factor at Loumbila Market Gardening Perimeters, Burkina Faso
Authors: Luc Bambara Telado , Karim Kabore , Moumouni Derra , Alain Tougma Kiswendsida , Cisse Ousmane Ibrahim , Zougmore Francois 
Published: August 2022

Agricultural soil quality deterioration resulting from an increase in the level of heavy metals is becoming more and more pronounced, thus raising the question on the safety status of human health and the environment. Determination of heavy metal concentration in soils and plants from Loumbila market gardening (Burkina Faso), and calculation of bioconcentration factor were undertaken. The heavy metals such as copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer, model PERKIN ELMER AANALYST 200.
In the soil where the pepper was grown, the concentration of chromium was 175 mg/kg, which is higher than the concentration limit which is 150 mg/kg. Also the concentrations of lead in the soils of onion (118 mg/kg), green bean (118 mg/kg), carrot (178 mg/kg) and pepper (135 mg/kg) were above the limit which is 100 mg/kg. The concentrations of chromium in Onion leaves (3.72 mg/kg), onions (4.65 mg/kg), lettuce (4.89 mg/kg), green beans (5.89 mg/kg) and bell peppers (3.56 mg/kg) were concentrations above the limit established by the FAO/WHO, which is 2.3 mg/Kg. The concentrations of lead in carrot, onion leaf, onion, lettuce, green bean and bell pepper were above the limit proposed by FAO/WHO.
The bioconcentration factors show that the onion leaf (0.731), onion (0.929), lettuce (0.876), green bean (0.987) and bell pepper (0.858) are the plants that accumulate zinc and the carrot (0.524) accumulates nickel. The bioaccumulation of the metals in the vegetable from Loumbila market gardening decreased in the order of onion > lettuce > green bean > bell pepper > onion leaves > carrot.
Effect of Natural Capital on Food Security among Smallholder Tea Farmers in Bomet County, Kenya
Authors: Korir Augistine K. , Omboto Peter , Musebe Richard 
Published: August 2022

Health and well-being of the general population, children's growth, development, and cognitive ability as well as the productivity of the workforce are all negatively impacted by food insecurity. In tea growing regions, there are records of high malnutrition, high morbidity rates, and low farm productivity and low incomes. The study aimed to describe the effect of natural capital on food security among smallholder tea farmers in Bomet County, Kenya. The study was guided by Entitlement Theory. The study adopted mixed approach design entailing exploratory design and explanatory research design. All the registered 16572 tea farmers in selected tea growing regions were the target population for this study. Multi-stage purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select a sample size of 391 smallholder tea farmers in Bomet County. Instruments of data collection included questionnaires, key informants, interviews, focus group discussions and direct observations. The Cronbach Alpha value was used to test the instrument's reliability. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26 was used to analyze the data in both descriptive and inferential ways. Thematic analysis and tables were used to present the findings from the study's qualitative data. The study findings revealed that there was effect of natural capital on food security. The study recommends that the government should subsidize tea farm inputs such as fertilizers and seeds. Organize farmers into SACCOs to enable them access farm inputs, credit facilities and market for their produce. Both national and county governments should improve road networks so as to help access food markets and also sale of farm produce.
Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin SBI-Ma-SF 5 strain against tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidopetra: Noctuidae)
Authors: Koushik P. Venkata , Shanmugam P. S. , Geetha N. , Jeyarani S. , Anand T. 
Published: August 2022

The polyphagous tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) causes yield loss of 40 – 60 per cent under favourable conditions in Tomato. The farmers rely upon chemical insecticides for its management and its injudicious use leads to unwarranted problems. The use of bio pesticides as a component of integrated pest management is one of the important factor to overcome the pesticides related issue. Among the bio-pesticides entomopathogenic fungi proved their ability against many Lepidopterans. The pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin SBI SF Ma 5 strain was studied against tomato fruit borer H. armigera. The median concentration (LC50) of M. anisopliae SBI Ma SF 1 strain was 3.1 x 108 conidia/ml with fiducial limits 2.2 x 107 to 4.2 x 109 conidia/ml. The median lethal time (LT50) value was to be 6.53 days. The SBI SF Ma 5 strain caused 88.83 per cent mortality in second instar H. armigera at 1 x 109 conidia/ml concentration. The decrease in conidial concentration reduced the efficacy of M. anisopliae strain. This strain can be used in the H. armigera management after field evaluation.
Screening of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) Mutant Lines for Salinity Tolerance
Authors: Atou Richard , Tonouewa Gauthier , Wouyou Agapit , Kpochemè Eustache , Missihoun Antoine Abel , Montcho David , Ahoton Leonard , Agbangla Clément , Gandonou Christophe Bernard 
Published: August 2022

Aims: The present study was carried out to access the salt tolerance level of nine amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) mutant lines selected from Benin cultivar ‘Locale’ at young plants stage in comparison with the cultivar ‘Locale’ used as control.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out as a Completely Randomized Design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in a screening house at University of Abomey-Calavi, City of Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin from May to June, 2020.
Methodology: Three-weeks old plants of the nine stable mutant lines and the control cultivar ‘Locale’ were planted in pots containing a mixture of potting soil and sand. NaCl concentrations: 0; 100; 150 and 200 mM were given by irrigation once in two days Plant growth parameters were evaluated after two weeks.
Results: Salt effect caused a reduction of young plant growth whatever the growth parameter considered with a significant disparity (p=.001) among the genotypes. Growth of the control cultivar, lines 1, 11 and 15 was most affected under salt stress whereas that of lines 18; 23 and 16 was least affected. A significant difference (p=.01 or p=.001) was observed among the salt tolerance index of genotypes. The highest salt tolerance index was observed in the line 23 followed by lines 18 and 2; and the lowest in line 15 followed by line 17, line 10 and the control cultivar.
Conclusion: Some variability was observed among lines for their salt resistance. Lines 23, 18 followed by line 2 appeared as the most salt resistant types whereas line 15, followed by lines 17, 10 and the control cultivar were the most salt sensitive. Thus, lines 23, 18 and 2 are promising for salt affected areas. Further studies are necessary to determine the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in the lines’ salt resistance.
An Unusual Case of Nemaline Myopathy Type 3
Authors: Tripathi K. , Khosa S. , Mishra S. K. 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To report an interesting case of Nemaline Myopathy type 3 with alpha-actin1 (ACTA1) mutation.
Background: Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare congenital neuromuscular disorder that presents with facial weakness, bulbar symptoms, generalized muscle weakness, delayed motor development, hypotonia, and the diagnostic presence of rod-like structures in skeletal muscle biopsy. Currently, eleven different genetic mutations are associated with NM. Dominant and recessive mutations in the α-actin1 (ACTA1) gene are amongst the most frequent genetic cause of nemaline myopathy leading to different clinical phenotypes.
Case Description: We present a 27-month-old girl with global developmental delay, muscle weakness, and reflux. She was born at 38 weeks. At two months of age, her floppiness and lack of movement were noticed. Since then, she has been started on strict physical, occupational, speech, and behavioral therapy. She began sitting up at age one and started walking at 18 months. Currently, her motor functions are improving. She can say 1-2 words and is interactive with other children. Neurological examination showed a high arched palate with bilateral facial weakness and decreased muscle tone in all the extremities. Muscle strength was 4/5 in bilateral upper and lower extremities. Her gait was narrow-based with bilateral arm swing. She was able to sit and stand without assistance.
Conclusion: Symptom management is the basis of patient care in nemaline myopathy. However, as seen in this case, aggressive physical and speech therapy can lead to better motor function and quality of life in congenital myopathies and should be considered.