bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and verification of the molecular mechanism of Evodia in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: He Yingchun , Xu Runshi , Yang Ximing , Tao Yangyang , Luo Wang , Xiong Yu , He Lan , Zhou FangLiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a neoplasm of the head and neck, with the highest incidence and mortality rates occurring in East and Southeast Asia. Evodia rutaecarpa is a tree that is native to Korea and China, and its fruit (hereafter referred to as Evodia) exhibits remarkable antitumor properties. However, little is known about its mechanism of action in NPC. In this study, we employed network pharmacology to identify targets of the active Evodia compounds in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and generate an interaction network.Methods: The active ingredients of Evodia and the targets for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were obtained from multiple databases, and an interaction network was constructed via the Cytoscape and STRING databases. The key biological processes and signaling pathways were predicted using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking technology was used to identify the affinity and activity of target genes, while The Cancer Genome Atlas and Human Protein Atlas databases were used to analyze differential expression. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 and Annexin V-FITC/PI dual fluorescence staining were used for experimental verification.Results: Active Evodia compounds included quercetin, isorhamnetin, and evodiamine, and important nasopharyngeal carcinoma targets included MAPK14, AKT1, RELA, MAPK1, JUN, and p53, whose content in the lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathways was also high. Additionally, we verified the high affinity and activity of the active compounds through molecular docking, and the target proteins were verified using immunohistochemistry and differential expression analyses. Furthermore, Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide dual-fluorescence staining verified that isorhamnetin inhibited the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and induced apoptosis, respectively.Conclusion: These results elucidated the molecular mechanism of Evodia and demonstrated its ability to alter the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through multiple targets and pathways, thereby providing evidence for its clinical application.
Analytical method validation for assay determination of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp oil infused products by RP-HPLC
Authors: Moore Eric , Analakkattillam Sandhyarani , Langsi Victor , Hanrahan John 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A simple quantitative reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for assay determination of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp oil infused products. The RP-HPLC method was developed and optimized for the mobile phase composition, flow rate, column selection and detector wavelength. An isocratic elution of samples performed on SOLAS™ 100 Å C18 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm column with a mobile phase containing 75/25 acetonitrile/water v/v, delivered at a flow rate 1.5 mL/minutes to an Ultraviolet – Visible (UV/Vis) detector using 214 nm. The RP-HPLC method was validated to meet regulatory requirements and covers specificity, accuracy, range, linearity, precision, system suitability and robustness. The validated assay test method was applied successfully to quantify cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in commercial hemp oil infused products such as tablets, soft gel capsules, plant extract oils, oral drops, tincture, and beverage enhancers. All test results were found acceptable as per ICH guidelines, and this confirmed that the method is fit for its intended use in regular quality control and assay of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in hemp oil infused products.
Altered tRNA dynamics during translocation on slippery mRNA as determinant of spontaneous ribosome frameshifting
Authors: Poulis Panagiotis , Patel Anoshi , Rodnina Marina , Adio Sarah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
When reading consecutive mRNA codons, ribosomes move by exactly one triplet at a time to synthesize a correct protein. Some mRNA tracks, called slippery sequences, are prone to ribosomal frameshifting, because the same tRNA can read both 0- and –1-frame codon. Using smFRET we show that during EF-G-catalyzed translocation on slippery sequences a fraction of ribosomes switches from rapid, accurate translation to a slow, frameshifting-prone translocation mode where the movements of peptidyl- and deacylated tRNA become uncoupled. While deacylated tRNA translocates rapidly, pept-tRNA continues to fluctuate between chimeric and posttranslocation states, which slows down the re-locking of the small ribosomal subunit head domain. After rapid release of deacylated tRNA, pept-tRNA gains unconstrained access to the –1-frame triplet, resulting in slippage followed by recruitment of the –1-frame aa-tRNA into the A site. Our data show how altered choreography of tRNA and ribosome movements reduces the translation fidelity of ribosomes translocating in a slow mode.
SVision: A deep learning approach to resolve complex structural variants
Authors: Ye Kai , Lin Jiadong , Wang Songbo , Audano Peter , Flores Jacob , Kosters Walter , Yang Xiaofei , Jia Peng , Marschall Tobias , Beck Christine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Complex structural variants (CSVs) encompass multiple breakpoints and are often missed or misinterpreted by state-of-the-art variant detection algorithms. We developed SVision, a deep-learning based multi-object recognition framework, to automatically detect and characterize CSVs from long-read data. SVision outperforms current variant callers at identifying internal structure of complex events and revealed 80 high-quality CSVs with 25 distinct structures from an individual genome. SVision directly detects CSVs without pattern matching against a database of known structures, allowing sensitive detection of both common and previously uncharacterized complex rearrangements.
Extracellular enzyme activities in tropical soils are driven by seasonal litter input
Authors: Schaap Karst Jacob , Fuchslueger Lucia , Quesada Carlos Alberto , Hofhansl Florian , Valverde-Barrantes Oscar , Camargo Plinio , Hoosbeek Marcel R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
It is relatively unknown if and how seasonal fluctuations of tropical microbial activity affect soil nutrient availability. In tropical forests, nutrient economics are often considered to be centered around phosphorus, which might be a limiting factor to sustain crucial ecosystem processes, such as primary production and decomposition of organic material, thus in turn affecting microbial processes and associated nutrient dynamics of the forest ecosystem.
Aims
We investigate seasonal fluctuations in extracellular hydrolytic soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients and its relationship with precipitation and litterfall input, in a lowland tropical forest in the Central Amazon region.
Methods
We analyzed data obtained from monitoring microbial enzyme activity and nutrient dynamics in litter and soil and use stoichiometric enzyme theory and proportional vectors for assessing relative nutrient limitation throughout a year.
Results
Our results show that precipitation seasonality was driving leaf litterfall, which was subsequently synchronized with extracellular enzyme activities in soil, such that both litterfall and enzyme activities peaked during the dry season.
Conclusions
Our study indicates that soil extractable nutrient concentrations were positively related to microbial enzyme activities, which thus highlights the importance of soil microbial processes for nutrient cycling in this phosphorus limited ecosystem. Our results suggest that projected shifts in climate seasonality that result in longer and more pronounced dry seasons, might desynchronize seasonal patterns of aboveground nutrient input and belowground microbial activity, and thus leading to a decoupling of nutrient cycling in tropical forest ecosystems.
Interdecadal Wind Stress Variability Over the Tropical Pacific Causes ENSO Diversity in an Intermediate Coupled Model
Authors: Hu Junya , Wang Hongna , Gao Chuan , Zhou Lu , Zhang Rong-Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The role of interdecadal wind stress variability in the genesis of ENSO diversity is examined by using an intermediate coupled model (ICM) in the tropical Pacific; two types of experiments are performed, one with the original ICM, and the other with interdecadal wind stress (τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒) effect is explicitly represented. The τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 component is derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset as follows. First, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is used to extract the interdecadal component of wind stress anomalies on about a 10-40yr timescale. Next, an idealized interdecadal cycle of τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 is reconstructed by a principal oscillation pattern (POP) analysis based on the EEMD-extracted interdecadal wind component. A 110-yr model integration is then performed by explicitly incorporating the reconstructed τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 cycle into the ICM. Compared with the regular interannual oscillation in the original ICM, the simulated ENSO events become highly irregular with decadal variations in the amplitude and asymmetry when the τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 effect is included. Especially, the model reproduces different types of El Niño and La Niña events with different spatial distribution and temporal evolution of SST anomalies, namely Eastern-Pacific (EP) and Central-Pacific (CP) types. Further attribution analyses are performed to understand the modulating effects of τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 in the tropical Pacific using the ocean component of the ICM, forced by the added τ𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒 effect. Two different roles of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) in modulating different El Niño and La Niña events are illustrated. On the one hand, the IPO favors for the emergence of the EP type of El Niño and La Niña events, in association with the initial anomaly signals 3 occurring in the eastern equatorial Pacific, which are absent in the original ICM. On the other hand, the IPO tends to shift the El Niño/La Niña events to an CP type, with which the SST anomalies propagate eastward along the equator but cannot extend into the eastern boundary. This simple modeling study highlights the significant contributions of interdecadal wind variability to the genesis of ENSO irregularity and diversity theoretically.
LGG subtypes based on the activity changes of immunologic and hallmark gene sets in cancer
Authors: Chen Sihan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: When glioma is in WHO grade II-III, glioma is of low grade. Gliomas in this period have the opportunity for surgical treatment and can be treated with a range of targeted therapies to enhance patient survival. Methods: In this study, we downloaded low-grade glioma data from TCGA database and GSEA database. Cancer subtypes were classified by GSVA enrichment method.Results: By GSVA enrichment analysis, we obtain three low-grade gliomas (LGG) cancer subtypes. After further survival prognosis analysis and biological function analysis, we obtained 21 tumor microenvironment gene sets and 17 core genes that affect patients' survival prognosis, and these genes have the potential to become targets for targeted therapies and disease detection.Conclusion: We screened a total of 21 gene sets through a series of enrichment analyses, statistical and prognostic analyses, etc. Among them, 17 core genes were identified, namely: TOP2A, KIF20A, CCNB2, AURKA, KIF11, CDK1, BUB1B, CCNA2, BUB1, CDC20, CDCA8, TPX2, KIF2C, POLA2, POLE2, POLA1 and POLE. TOP2A.
Returning impact of long-range PM2.5 transport over East Asia in 2021 after Chinese economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Yamamura Yuki , Wang Zhe , Uno Itsushi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Changes in the aerosol composition of sulfate (SO42−) and nitrate (NO3−) from 2012 to 2019 have been captured as a paradigm shift in the region downwind of China. Specifically, SO42− dramatically decreased and NO3− dramatically increased over downwind locations such as western Japan due to the faster reduction of SO2 emissions than NOx emissions and the almost constant trend of NH3 emissions from China. Emissions from China sharply decreased during COVID-19 lockdowns in February–March 2020, after which China’s economic situation seemed to recover going into 2021. Given this substantial change in Chinese emissions, it is necessary to clarify the impact of long-range PM2.5 transport over East Asia. In this study, ground-based aerosol compositions observed at three sites in western Japan were analysed. The concentrations of PM2.5, SO42− and NO3− decreased in 2020 (during COVID-19) compared with 2018–2019 (before COVID-19). In 2021 (after COVID-19), PM2.5 and NO3− increased and SO42− was unchanged. This suggests the returning impact of long-range PM2.5 transport in 2021. From numerical simulations, the status of Chinese emissions during COVID-19 did not explain this returning impact in 2021. This study shows that the status of Chinese emissions in 2021 was close to that before COVID-19.
Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Two Novel Glucanases Derived from Sheep Rumen Microbiota
Authors: Gao De-ying , Sun Xiao-bao , Fang Ying , He Bo , Wang Jun-hong , Liu Jian-xin , Wang Jia-kun , Wang Qian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
β-Glucanases are a suite of glycoside hydrolases that depolymerize β-glucan into cellooligosaccharides and/or monosaccharides and have been widely used as feed additives in livestock. In this study, two novel glucanase genes, IDSGluc5-26 and IDSGluc5-37, derived from sheep rumen microbiota, were expressed and functionally characterized. The optimal temperatures/pH of recombinant IDSGLUC5-26 and IDSGLUC5-37 were 50°C/5.0 and 40°C/6.0, respectively. Notably, IDSGLUC5-26 showed considerable stability under acidic conditions. Both IDSGLUC5-26 and IDSGLUC5-37 showed the highest activities toward barley β-glucan, with Vmax values of 89.96 ± 9.19 µmol/min/mg and 459.50 ± 25.02 µmol/min/mg, respectively. Additionally, these two glucanases demonstrated hydrolysis of barley β-glucan and Icelandic moss lichenan, IDSGLUC5-26 releasing cellobiose (G2; occupying 17.37% of total reducing sugars), cellotriose (G3; 23.97%), and cellotetraose (G4; 30.93%) from β-glucan and lichenan after 10 min and suggestive of a typical endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC.3.2.1.4). In contrast, IDSGLUC5-37 was capable of liberating dominant G3 (64.11% or 67.55%) from β-glucan or lichenan, suggesting that the enzyme was likely an endo-β-1,3-1,4-glucanases/lichenase (EC3.2.1.73). These findings describe the expression and characterization of two novel glucanase genes from sheep rumen microbiota. The two recombinant enzymes, particularly the acid-adapted IDSGLUC5-26, will be of interest for potential application in food-/feed-additive development.
Interaction Between Sex and Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling and Its Association with Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Kuneman Jurrien H. , Butcher Steele C. , Stassen Jan , Singh Gurpreet K. , Pio Stephan M. , Kley Frank van der , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Knuuti Juhani , Bax Jeroen J. , Delgado Victoria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Women with severe aortic stenosis (AS) have better long-term prognosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) compared to men. Whether this is caused by sex-related differences in left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling after TAVI is unknown.
Methods

Patients with severe AS who underwent transfemoral TAVI between 2007 and 2018 were selected. LV dimensions, volumes, and ejection fraction (LVEF) were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography before TAVI and at 6 and 12 months follow-up after TAVI. LV reverse remodeling was defined as the percentual LV mass index (LVMi) reduction compared to baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.
Results

A total of 459 patients (80±8 years; 52% male) were included. At 6 and 12 months follow-up, both sexes showed significant reductions in LV volumes and LVMi accompanied by improvement in LVEF, without significant differences between the sexes over time. During a median follow-up of 2.8 [IQR 1.9-4.3] years, 181 (39%) patients died. Women showed better outcomes compared to men (log-rank p=0.024). In addition, male sex was independently associated with all-cause mortality in multivariable Cox regression (HR 1.423, 95% CI: 1.039-1.951, p=0.028). No association was observed between the interaction of percentual LVMi reduction and sex with outcomes (p=0.64).
Conclusion

Men and women with severe AS had similar improvement in LVEF, and similar reduction in LV volumes and LVMi at 6 and 12 months after TAVI. Women showed better survival after TAVI as compared to men. The superior outcomes noted in women after TAVI are not associated with sex differences in LV reverse remodeling.
A Chimera Antigen Receptor Containing TLR4 Signaling Domain Enhances CAR-iMACs Polarization and Potency against Solid Tumors
Authors: Lei Anhua , Hua Yu , Lu Shan , Zhu Mengmeng , Tan Tianyu , Tian Lin , Wang Xudong , Zhang Li , zhao wei , Su Siyu , Zhang Hailing , Lu Hengxing , Zhu Yuqing , Zhao Jing , Jiang Wenhong , Liu Chong , Zhang Jin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have shown success in treating certain types of hematologic malignancies, but its therapeutic effect on solid tumors is unsatisfactory. Macrophages came to attention because of its phagocytosis function against tumor cells and its immunomodulation capacity. The first generation of engineered CAR-macrophages demonstrated that the CAR can stimulate macrophage phagocytosis function in an antigen dependent way. In this work, we genetically engineered induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived macrophages (iMACs) with a TLR4 intracellular TIR domain-containing CAR, and achieved enhanced anti-tumor effect. CD3ζ-TIR-CAR, the second generation of TIR-based dual signaling CAR endowed iMACs the target engulfing capacity against antigen-expressing tumor cells, as well as potency of antigen-dependent M1 polarization and resistance to M2 polarization in a NF-κB dependent manner. Taken together, we established the next generation of CAR-iMAC equipped with concurrent antigen-dependent phagocytosis and polarization capacity for better anti-tumor functions.
Investigation of the longitudinal-flexural resonating spindle in ultrasound-assisted grinding of SiCp/Al composites
Authors: Wu Xiao , Qin Huibin , Zhu Xijing , Feng Yi , Zhou Ruifeng , Ye Linzheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rotary ultrasonic machining is a cost-effective and precise machining method for hard and brittle materials. Aiming at processing SiCp/Al composites, a rotary ultrasonic grinding spindle is proposed in the present study. Expressions were established to calculate the displacement, rotation angle, bending moment, and shear force of the vibrating elements based on the Mindlin moderate plate theory. Combining continuous and boundary conditions of vibrating elements with the proposed expressions, the vibration model and frequency equation of longitudinal-flexural resonating transformer with a large load were established. Then two transformers were designed according to the frequency equation. The resonant characteristics of the transformers were studied using finite element analysis, impedance analysis, and ultrasonic resonance experiments. The obtained results show that the maximum deviation between the resonant frequency and the design frequency of the transformers was 4.95%. Moreover, the maximum deviation of the positions of the pitch circles was 6.51%. It is concluded that the proposed designs have high accuracy. Finally, the orthogonal single-factor experiments of SiCp/Al composites were performed with and without ultrasound. The obtained results show that introducing ultrasonic vibrations significantly reduces the grinding force and the surface roughness while improving the surface quality of the SiCp/Al workpiece. The present study is expected to provide experimental fundamentals to further improve the structure of the grinding spindle, optimize process variables of ultrasound-assisted grinding, and improve the processing efficiency.
One-shot of the hydrothermal route for synthesis of zeolite LTA using kaolin
Authors: sazali Norsuhailizah , HARUN ZAWATI 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The zeolite LTA (Z-LTA) was successfully produced from synthesis kaolin and well-crystallized using a hydrothermal method. The kaolin was heated in the furnace for 4 hours at temperatures of 500, 600, 700, and 800 0C, resulting in a metakaolinization process that transformed it into an amorphous state. The Z-LTA mixture was obtained by dissolving metakaolin in a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution without adding any other silica or alumina sources. Before going through the hydrothermal synthesis process, the solution mixture was aged for 24 hours. The crystal morphology and degree crystallinity (%) of Z-LTA were evaluated using the various molarity (M) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and crystallization time (hr). The degree crystallinity of the Z-LTA increases from 62.83% to 86.8% when the molarity of NaOH is increased from 0.5M to 1M but does not increase when the molarity of NaOH is increased to 1M and 2M (80.77% and 67.78%), respectively. The degree crystallinity (%) Z-LTA based on molarity proceeded with the various crystallization time (hr) factors. 1M NaOH with 9hr give highest degree crystallinity (88.45%) compared to other time, 12hr (86.16 %), 16hr (87.11%), 24hr (86.80%) and 30hr (86.59%) respectively. The structure of crystal morphology with the presence of Na, Al, O, and Si was clearly seen in SEM images of the Z-LTA at a 1M NaOH, 9hr crystallization time (Z-LTA, 1M 9hr). The particle size of (Z-LTA, 1M 9hr) is smaller, which is 0.329 µm compared to kaolin, 0.497 µm. Under low alkali conditions, the hydrothermal process has been shown to be successful in generating high crystallinity from natural kaolin. As a result, by using simple chemical methods, this technology still makes low-cost commercial items from natural materials.
Involvement of The Oncogenic Small Nucleolar RNA SNORA24 In Regulation of P53 Stability In Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shen Liping , Lin Chuxian , Lu Wenqing , He Junyan , Wang Qi , Huang Yujv , Zheng Xiaofei , Wang Zhidong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant cancer worldwide. Although the molecular mechanism of CRC carcinogenesis has been studied extensively, the details remain unclear. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have recently been reported to have essential functions in carcinogenesis, although their roles in CRC pathogenesis are largely unknown. In this study, we found that the H/ACA snoRNA SNORA24 was up-regulated in various cancers, including CRC. SNORA24 expression was significantly associated with age and history of colon polyps in CRC patient cohorts, with high expression associated with a decreased 5-year overall survival. Our results indicated that the oncogenic function of SNORA24 is mediated by promoting G1/S phase transformation, cell proliferation, colony formation and growth of xenograft tumors. Furthermore, SNORA24 knockdown induced massive apoptosis. RNA-sequencing and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed to explore its downstream targets. Finally, we confirmed that SNORA24 regulates p53 protein stability in a proteasomal degradation pathway. Our study clarifies the oncogenic role of SNORA24 in CRC and advance the current model of the role of the p53 pathway in this process.