bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating human biomonitoring exposure data into a primary care morbidity database: a feasibility study
Authors: Jansen Pieter , Den Hond Elly , De Brouwere Katleen , Ali Endale Alemayehu , Hassen Hamid Yimam , Gabaret Ilona , Van Pottelbergh Gijs 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The detection of a local per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pollution hotspot in Zwijndrecht (Belgium) necessitated immediate action to address health concerns of the local community. Several human biomonitoring (HBM) studies were initiated, gathering cross-sectional exposure data from more than 10,000 participants. The linkage of these HBM data with primary care health registries might be a useful new tool in environmental health analysis.

Aim
We assessed the feasibility of linking exposure data from HBM programs to health outcomes from the Intego registry, which collects data from general practitioners’ electronic health records. This feasibility study uses exposure data from one of the completed PFAS HBM studies, which included 796 individuals. We describe the separate datasets, the process of integrating the HBM data into Intego, the analysis plan and the advantages and challenges of using this method.

Results
We established the integration of HBM data into the Intego primary care morbidity database, adhering to stringent privacy regulations and quality standards to ensure result integrity. Because of the modest sample size used in this feasibility study, no conclusions about the impact of PFAS on health endpoints can be drawn. However, with PFAS data from more than 10,000 residents available soon, more robust studies will be possible with this new method.

Interpretation
We introduce a novel approach for assessing the impact of environmental health hazards within primary care settings. The methods outlined here not only pave the way for larger-scale projects but also offer a promising avenue for long-term environmental health monitoring.
Novel sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid via esterification catalyzed by characterized crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3
Authors: Alkahlawy Amal , Gaffer Amany 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns necessitate the exploration of renewable energy sources. Biodiesel, a promising alternative fuel derived from sustainable feedstock, has attracted considerable attention. This study investigates the catalytic esterification of oleic acid, a readily available fatty acid, with ethanol for biodiesel production using a novel heterogeneous catalyst, ZrO2/Al2O3. Crystalline ZrO2/Al2O3 was successfully synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption NH3-TPD to understand its structural and textural properties. The characterized ZrO2/Al2O3 was then employed to catalyze the esterification reaction. The influence of reaction parameters, including temperature, alcohol-to-oleic acid molar ratio, and catalyst loading, was systematically evaluated. Under optimal conditions (70 °C, 10:1 alcohol-to-oleic acid molar ratio, and 4 wt% catalyst loading), a remarkable 90.5% conversion of oleic acid to biodiesel was achieved. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited reusability, demonstrating its potential for sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade oleic acid feedstock.
Characterization of novel cold-active chitin deacetylase for green production of bioactive chitosan
Authors: Abd El-Ghany Mohamed N. , Hamdi Salwa A. , Zahran Ahmed K. , Abou-Taleb Mustafa A. , Heikel Abdallah M. , Abou El-Kheir Muhammed T. , Farahat Mohamed G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA Novel cold-active chitin deacetylase from Shewanella psychrophila WP2 (SpsCDA) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and employed for deacetylation of chitin to chitosan. The produced chitosan was characterized, and its antifungal activity was investigated against Fusarium oxysporum. The purified recombinant SpsCDA appeared as a single band on SDS-PAGE at approximately 60 kDa, and its specific activity was 92 U/mg. The optimum temperature and pH of SpsCDA were 15 °C and 8.0, respectively, and the enzyme activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of NaCl. The bioconversion of chitin to chitosan by SpsCDA was accomplished in 72 h, and the chitosan yield was 69.2%. The solubility of chitosan was estimated to be 73.4%, and the degree of deacetylation was 78.1%. The estimated molecular weight of the produced chitosan was 224.7 ± 8.4 kDa with a crystallinity index (CrI) value of 18.75. Moreover, FTIR and XRD spectra revealed the characteristic peaks for enzymatically produced chitosan compared with standard chitosan, indicating their structural similarity. The produced chitosan inhibited spore germination of F. oxysporum with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.56 mg/mL. The potential antifungal effect of chitosan is attributed to the inhibition of spore germination accompanied by ultrastructural damage of membranes and leakage of cellular components, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. This study shed light on the cold-active chitin deacetylase from S. psychrophila and provides a candidate enzyme for the green preparation of chitosan.
Liquid biopsy in organ damage: introduction of an innovative tool for assessing the complexity of blunt splenic injury
Authors: Wöhler Aliona , Wang Bingduo , Schwab Robert , Lukacs-Kornek Veronika , Willms Arnulf G. , Kornek Miroslaw T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLiquid biomarkers are essential in trauma cases and critical care and offer valuable insights into the extent of injury, prognostic predictions, and treatment guidance. They can help assess the severity of organ damage (OD), assist in treatment decisions and forecast patient outcomes. Notably, small extracellular vesicles, particularly those involved in splenic trauma, have been overlooked. Here, we reanalyzed our data and explored whether monocyte-derived small EVs are correlated with AAST score (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma) scoring and are sensitive enough to distinguish the severity of splenic trauma in our explorative study. There was a correlation between monocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the AAST score (rSp = 0.82, p < 0.001). Specifically, we observed that blood-borne small EVs originating from monocytes (CD9+CD14+ sEVs) were directly correlated with AAST scores. These EVs were found to be significantly elevated in patients with complex spleen injuries (AAST I–IV with hemodynamic instability and need for operative management) in an incremental manner; these patients were typically classified as AAST grade II or higher, which frequently included accompanying solid organ injuries. Our initial discovery shows great promise and warrants further exploration. This could pave a novel future path for a new critical care management approach for splenic injuries. There may also be synergistic effects when combined with extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma (E-FAST) sonography, particularly in triage scenarios, where resource constraints prevent immediate access to a CT scan.
Neuropathology-based approach reveals novel Alzheimer's Disease genes and highlights female-specific pathways and causal links to disrupted lipid metabolism: insights into a vicious cycle
Authors: Jin Yin , Topaloudi Apostolia , Shekhar Sudhanshu , Chen Guangxin , Scott Alicia Nicole , Colon Bryce David , Drineas Petros , Rochet Chris , Paschou Peristera 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDementia refers to an umbrella phenotype of many different underlying pathologies with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) being the most common type. Neuropathological examination remains the gold standard for accurate AD diagnosis, however, most that we know about AD genetics is based on Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of clinically defined AD. Such studies have identified multiple AD susceptibility variants with a significant portion of the heritability unexplained and highlighting the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of the clinically defined entity. Furthermore, despite women’s increased susceptibility to dementia, there is a lack of sex-specific genetic studies and understanding of sex-specific background for the disorder. Here, we aim to tackle the heterogeneity of AD by specifically concentrating on neuropathological features and pursuing sex-specific analysis. We bring together 14 different genomic and neuropathology datasets (6960 individuals) and we integrate our GWAS findings with transcriptomic and phenotypic data aiming to also identify biomarkers for AD progression. We uncover novel genetic associations to AD neuropathology, including BIN1 and OPCML. Our sex-specific analysis points to a role for BIN1 specifically in women as well as novel AD loci including QRFPR and SGCZ. Post-GWAS analyses illuminate the functional and biological mechanisms underlying AD and reveal sex-specific differences. Finally, through PheWAS and Mendelian Randomization analysis, we identify causal links with AD neuropathology pointing to disrupted lipid metabolism, as well as impaired peripheral immune response and liver dysfunction as part of a vicious cycle that fuels neurodegeneration.
Effect of catalase on CPC production during fermentation of Acremonium chrysogenum
Authors: Liu Ling , Chen Zhen , Tian Xiwei , Chu Ju 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCephalosporin C (CPC) is a critical raw material for cephalosporin antibiotics produced by Acremonium chrysogenum. During fermentation, the oxygen supply is a crucial factor limiting the efficient biosynthesis of CPC. This study demonstrated that the addition of exogenous surfactants significantly increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) level, extracellular catalase content, and final CPC titer. Consequently, we hypothesized and examined a correlation between catalase and CPC biosynthesis in A. chrysogenum through both the exogenous addition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and the endogenous modulation of the catA expression level. The results indicated that both the addition of H₂O₂ and the ∆catA mutation exhibited similar fermentation trends, leading to decreased extracellular catalase activity and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, which resulted in reduced CPC production. Conversely, strains that overexpress varying levels of the catA accelerated hyphal differentiation under DO-limiting conditions, reducing intracellular ROS accumulation and decreasing cellular apoptosis, which stabilized CPC yield during the later stages of fermentation. This study provides a critical foundation for further investigations into the regulatory mechanisms governing CPC biosynthesis in A. chrysogenum.
Graphical Abstract
Recurrent Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia cured with long-term oral minocycline treatment in a patient undergoing hemodialysis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kakizoe Yutaka , Iwata Yasunobu , Nakagawa Terumasa , Miyasato Yoshikazu , Mizumoto Teruhiko , Izumi Yuichiro , Kuwabara Takashige , Adachi Masataka , Yokoi Hideki , Mukoyama Masashi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Helicobacter cinaedi is a Gram-negative spiral bacillus that inhabits the intestines of animals. First reported in 1984 as the causative agent of proctitis in a homosexual man, it causes bacteremia, cellulitis, and infections in many organs and tissues, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The clinical challenge with H. cinaedi infection includes its slow growth rate and weak Gram staining that make it easy to misdiagnose, as well as the high incidence of relapses after the discontinuation of antibiotics. Herein, we report a case of delayed diagnosis of H. cinaedi bacteremia in a patient undergoing hemodialysis, where long-term minocycline therapy proved effective.

Case presentation
A 59-year-old woman undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for lupus nephritis presented with a high fever. She was thought to have a bacterial infection and was initially treated with tazobactam/piperacillin, resulting in a good response and discharge. Soon after discharge, the fever recurred, leading to readmission for further evaluation. After admission, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the blood culture sample taken during the first admission revealed that she had H. cinaedi bacteremia. The fever promptly subsided with the administration of meropenem. However, long-term antibiotic use was deemed necessary, and oral minocycline therapy was initiated. Minocycline was administered for 12 weeks, leading to complete resolution of infection.

Conclusions
In cases of recurrent fever following antibiotic treatment, especially in immunocompromised patients, H. cinaedi infection should be considered, warranting appropriate culture testing and antibiotic therapy. Oral minocycline is considered an effective treatment option in such cases.
Overexpression of miR-21-5p as a potential pathogenesis marker for ovarian endometriosis
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed , WalyEldeen Amr Ahmed , Samie Mohamed A. , Sadek Ahmed M. , Elakhras Sayed , Samir Mohamed , Ahmed Osama , Sayed Rasha Mohamed Samir , Baiomy Ahmed Abdelaziz , Ibrahim Sherif Abdelaziz , Hassan Hebatallah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease characterized by the growth of endometrial cells beyond the uterus, forming endometriotic cyst tissues called ovarian endometriomas. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that epigenetically control the physiological and pathological processes of different diseases, including endometriosis. In this study, we screened the expression levels of 11-selected miRNAs, namely miR-21-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-19a-3p, miR-203-3p, miR-181b-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-let7a-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-16-5p, and miR-222-3p in ovarian endometriomas relative to eutopic endometrial tissues using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In addition, the level of mRNA expression of lumican (LUM), an extracellular matrix proteoglycan (PG), and a putative target of miR-21-5p was quantified by qPCR.

Results
Our screening qPCR results showed that 9 miRNAs were upregulated (miR-21-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-19a-3p, miR-203-3p, miR-181b-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-let7a-5p, miR-205-5p, and miR-200b-3p), whereas 2 miRNAs were downregulated (miR-16-5p and miR-222-3p) in ovarian endometriomas compared to eutopic endometrium. A significant overexpression of miR-21-5p in ovarian endometrioma was further independently verified by qPCR. Using bioinformatics tools, Gene Ontology Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and protein–protein interactions, we identified differentially expressed genes and several pathways regulated by miR-21-5p that may contribute to endometriosis progression. Among them, LUM was found to be significantly diminished expressed in ovarian endometriomas compared to eutopic endometrium.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study identified miR-21-5p and LUM as potential factors that may contribute to ovarian endometriomas’ pathogenesis.
Hypothesized pharmacogenomic and medication influences on tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol metabolism in a cohort of unselected oral cannabis users
Authors: Wright Jessica A. , Huang Linda , Katamesh Basant E. , Yadav Siddhant , Singla Abhinav , Vincent Ann 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Differences in cannabinoid metabolism and patient responses can arise even with equivalent doses and formulations. Genetic polymorphisms in genes responsible for cannabinoid metabolism and medications that alter CYP450 pathways responsible for metabolism of cannabinoids may account for some of this variability.

Materials and methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted on a cohort of unselected patients who had previously completed pharmacogenomic testing and reported oral cannabis use, as defined as “oral” or “by mouth” route of administration. The objective was to identify atypical variants and medications in this cohort and formulate a hypothesis on how these variables influence the metabolism of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD).

Results
Oral cannabis use was confirmed in 71 patients, with an average age of 68.5 years, and primarily white women. Of the 71 patients, 10 had no atypical variants; 31 had atypical variants in CYP2C9; 37 had atypical variants in CYP2C19; 6 had atypical variants in CYP3A4; and 15 had atypical variants in CYP3A5. Of the 71 patients, 5 were taking medications that could interact with THC, and 8 were taking medications that could interact with CBD.

Conclusion
The results this study reveal the spectrum of hypothesized alterations in THC and CBD metabolism due to atypical genetic variants and medications. The absence of published clinical outcomes in this field renders it challenging to estimate clinical significance of these findings. Until such data become available, clinicians should remain aware of the possibility that atypical variants and medications may impact patients’ responses to THC and CBD.
Impact of cooking on nutritional contents of kenger in terms of antioxidants
Authors: Kalkan Indrani , Eyupoglu Ozan Emre , Karatas Sukru , Aissaoui Zakia El Miri , Anık Rusen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractKenger (Gundelia tournefortii) grown in Sanliurfa and neighbouring provinces in Turkiye, is known for its health promoting potential due to the presence of bioactive compounds as phenolics and antioxidant vitamins. However, such compounds in food may be affected by thermal treatment as cooking. This study investigated the impact of common cooking techniques (boiling and stir-frying in oil) on phenolics, vitamin C content and antioxidant activity of kenger. Phenolic compounds were analysed using LC–MS/MS and DPPH inhibition. Vitamin C was quantified using HPLC and antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH inhibition, ABTS and FRAP methods. Major phenolic compounds in raw samples were vanillic (18.755 ± 0.606 µg/g) and fumaric (16.211 ± 0.524 µg/g) acids. In boiled kenger, significant loss of fumaric (5.789 ± 0.187 µg/g), in stir-fried kenger, loss of vanillic (15.604 ± 0.504 µg/g) and fumaric (8.113 ± 0.262 µg/g) acids were noted (p < 0.05). Vitamin C content of raw kenger was 7.104 ± 0.074 µg/g but decreased to 6.812 ± 0.22 µg/g in boiled and 6.898 ± 0.072 µg/g in stir-fried samples. The radical scavenging potentials of sample extracts at different concentrations (25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 75 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL,150 mg/mL and 300 mg/mL) were tested by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. At 300 mg/mL, antioxidant activity in raw kenger was calculated as 1.350 ± 0.0007 μmoles/mg/mL (FRAP), 0.731 ± 0.0008 μg (EC50 DPPH) and 52 ± 3.45% TEAC (ABTS). In general, antioxidant activities for all methods increased with rising concentration of the sample extract. Antioxidant activity of boiled samples decreased significantly as per FRAP and increased for stir-fried kenger at higher sample concentrations as per FRAP and ABTS, possibly due to chemical changes during high thermal treatment in oil. Correlation between cooking methods was not significant (p > 0.05) in terms of phenolic compounds and vitamin C. Correlation between antioxidant activity assessing methods were only significant for 75 and 100 mg/mL sample concentration (rho = -0.90 p < 0.05). In conclusion, boiled and stir-fried kenger is suggested as optional consumption methods. Inclusion of condiments, herbs, olive oil, yoghurt during service would not only increase palatibility but also add to the health benefits.

Graphical Abstract
Role of Diabetes Self-management Education for Our Health Systems and Economy
Authors: Hatipoglu Betul , Pronovost Peter J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
Diabetes mellitus is a global health burden, with factors contributing to its prevalence and costs. Educating people with diabetes improves outcomes and affects the economic burden on the individual and health systems.

Evidence Acquisition
We included recent diabetes data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and articles from PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE.

Evidence Synthesis
Diabetes prevalence in the United States increased from 10.3% in 2001 to 14.7% in 2021. Factors contributing are an aging population, increased obesity, and social determinants of health. Total costs for diabetes in 2022 reached $412.9 billion, consisting of 74% direct medical and around 26% indirect costs. The highest medical expenses were hospital inpatient services ($96.2 billion), and indirect costs were decreased productivity while at work ($35.8 billion). The effect on the health economy in the United States and globally is only increasing. Interventions to improve disease outcomes such as diabetes education programs that teach self-management skills, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and coping strategies have improved glycated hemoglobin A1c and other outcomes. The economic effect of education is not well studied. However, the Diabetes Prevention Program demonstrated the benefits of lifestyle-based education in preventing or delaying the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk people and in being cost-effective long term.

Conclusion
High direct and indirect costs and the prevalence of diabetes require urgent global awareness and interventions from many angles. We encourage clinicians and agencies to prioritize the education of people living with diabetes to prevent and treat diabetes and its complications.
Adipokines and Transitions in Metabolic Health Over Time: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Ozkan Bige , Zhang Sui , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B , Florido Roberta , Nambi Vijay , Michos Erin D , Abushamat Layla A , Matsushita Kunihiro , Gerstenblith Gary , Blumenthal Roger S , Hoogeveen Ron , Ballantyne Christie M , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth , Ndumele Chiadi E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
Transitions in metabolic health status over time are strongly linked to risk for cardiovascular events, particularly among individuals with obesity. Adipokines are proteins with metabolic effects, but their role in transitions in metabolic health status over time is unknown.

Objective
To evaluate the associations of adiponectin and leptin with metabolic risk transitions over time.

Methods
Among 8423 individuals who attended ARIC Visits 2 (1990-1992) and 4 (1996-1998), we evaluated prospective associations of Visit 2 levels of the adipokines adiponectin and leptin (per 1-SD higher) with 6-year transitions in metabolic health. Metabolic health was categorized as metabolically “healthy” [no metabolic syndrome (MetS) or diabetes], unhealthy (MetS present) without diabetes, or unhealthy with diabetes. Analyses were performed overall and stratified by obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2].

Results
At Visit 2, the mean age was 58, with 56% female and 21% Black adults. Adults with 1-SD higher adiponectin were less likely to progress from metabolically healthy to unhealthy status over 6 years [odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48-0.57], while those with higher leptin were more likely to progress (OR 2.22, 95% CI: 2.01-2.47). Conversely, those with 1-SD higher adiponectin were more likely to regress from metabolically unhealthy to healthy status (OR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.42-1.76), while those with higher leptin were less likely to regress (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.60-0.78). Similar patterns were seen across obesity strata. After adjustment for BMI, associations of adiponectin with metabolic transitions were similar, whereas associations for leptin were significantly attenuated.

Conclusion
Leptin and adiponectin are differentially linked to the likelihood of worsening and improving metabolic health over time. Adipokines should be explored as targets to improve metabolic health and decrease the risk of future cardiovascular events.