bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Depth Understanding of the Effect of Halogen‐Induced Stable 2D Bismuth‐Based Perovskites for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Ji Yali , She Mengyao , Bai Xue , Liu Enzhou , Xue Wenhua , Zhang Zhe , Wan Kerou , Liu Ping , Zhang Shengyong , Li Jianli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHalide perovskites are excellent catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution; however, their instability in aqueous systems limits their applications. In this study, an alternative system is presented to avoid the ionization of halide perovskites based on ethanol splitting and three Bi‐based halide perovskite nanosheets (Cs3Bi2X9 PNs; X = I, Br, Cl) are prepared for H2 evolution. Small amounts of these halide perovskites possess good stability in ethanol, where the optimal Cs3Bi2I9 PNs exhibit the highest H2 evolution rate of 2157.8 µmol h−1 g−1. In particular, the effects of halogen regulation on the H2 evolution activity are investigated in depth from various perspectives for Cs3Bi2X9. The increased number of halogen atoms reduces the Bi···Bi distance in the octahedral configuration and eliminates the strong localization of electron–hole pairs, which are conducive to photogenerated charge separation and transfer. In addition, the dominant contribution of halogens to the conduction band is enhanced with an increase in the halogen atomic number. This study establishes a novel strategy for studying Bi‐based perovskites for optimizing their photocatalytic properties. Furthermore, it provides a new perspective for developing highly efficient and stable H2 evolution systems for halide perovskites.
High‐Performance Narrowband Pure‐Red OLEDs with External Quantum Efficiencies up to 36.1% and Ultralow Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Zou Yang , Hu Jiahao , Yu Mingxin , Miao Jingsheng , Xie Ziyang , Qiu Yuntao , Cao Xiaosong , Yang Chuluo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh‐color‐purity blue and green organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been resolved thanks to the development of B/N‐based polycyclic multiple resonance (MR) emitters. However, due to the derivatization limit of B/N polycyclic structures, the design of red MR emitters remains challenging. Herein, a series of novel red MR emitters is reported by para‐positioning N–π–N, O–π–O, B–π–B pairs onto a benzene ring to construct an MR central core. These emitters can be facilely and modularly synthesized, allowing for easy fine‐tuning of emission spectra by peripheral groups. Moreover, these red MR emitters display excellent photophysical properties such as near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), fast radiative decay rate (kr) up to 7.4 × 107 s−1, and most importantly, narrowband emission with full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 32 nm. Incorporating these MR emitters, pure red OLEDs sensitized by phosphor realize state‐of‐the‐art device performances with external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeding 36%, ultralow efficiency roll‐off (EQE remains as high as 25.1% at the brightness of 50 000 cd m−2), ultrahigh brightness over 130 000 cd m−2, together with good device lifetime.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Allenoates: A Regioselective Synthesis of Allylamines
Authors: Wang Hua , Wang He , Li Lei , Wang Xin , Sun Ran , Zhou Ming‐Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed hydroamination of allenoates with arylamines has been developed. This strategy provides an approach to synthesize E‐allylic amines in good yields with high atom‐economy and high levels of chemo‐, regio‐ and E‐selectivities with a broad substrate scope.magnified image
A Photoacoustic‐Fluorescent Imaging Probe for Proteolytic Gingipains Expressed by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Moore Colman , Cheng Yong , Tjokro Natalia , Zhang Brendan , Kerr Matthew , Hayati Mohammed , Chang Kai Chiao Joe , Shah Nisarg , Chen Casey , Jokerst Jesse V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontal disease. We herein report a dual‐modal fluorescent and photoacoustic imaging probe for the detection of gingipain proteases secreted by P. gingivalis. Upon proteolytic cleavage by Arg‐specific gingipain (RgpB), five‐fold photoacoustic enhancement and >100‐fold fluorescence activation was measured with detection limits of 1.1 nM RgpB and 5.0E4 CFU mL−1 bacteria in vitro. RgpB activity was imaged in porcine jaws with low‐nanomolar sensitivity. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated in gingival crevicular fluid samples from subjects with and without periodontal disease, wherein activation was correlated to qPCR‐based detection of P. gingivalis (Pearson's r=0.71). Finally, photoacoustic imaging of RgpB‐cleaved probe was achieved in murine brains ex vivo, with relevance and potential utility for disease models of general infection by P. gingivalis, motivated by the recent biological link between gingipain and Alzheimer's disease.
A Facile Approach to Produce Star Polymers Based on Coordination Polymerization
Authors: Wu Yi , Nan Tianhao , Ji Xiangling , Liu Bo , Cui Dongmei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany efforts have been devoted to preparing star polymers. Research into coordination polymerization, the most powerful stereoselective process to endow polymers with superb properties, lags far behind those achieved by radical polymerization and ionic polymerization. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to prepare star polymers with regular arms based on coordination polymerization via an insertion reaction between the carbon–heteroatom unsaturated bond and the metal–alkyl species. Terminating a livingcis‐1,4‐selective isoprene polymerization by using isocyanate as cross‐linker (CL), a star polyisoprene with low polydispersity was obtained in high yield (91.8 %). A kinetic study showed the star polymer was formed via a step‐growth procedure. The types ofCLand the ratio of [CL]0 : [Cat.]0are key factors to determine the arm number and the yield of star polymer. Finally, synthetic IR rubber with a green strength up to 1.99 MPa superior to natural rubber (1.43 MPa) was prepared for the first time.
Revealing the Solid‐State Electrolyte Interfacial Stability Model with Na–K Liquid Alloy
Authors: Guo Xuelin , Liu Yijie , Zhang Xiao , Ju Zhengyu , Li Yutao , Mitlin David , Yu Guihua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, the Na–K liquid alloy with a charge selective interfacial layer is developed to achieve an impressively long cycling life with small overpotential on a sodium super‐ionic conductor solid‐state electrolyte (NASICON SSE). With this unique multi‐cation system as the platform, we further propose a unique model that contains a chemical decomposition domain and a kinetic decomposition domain for the interfacial stability model. Based on this model, two charge selection mechanisms are proposed with dynamic chemical kinetic equilibrium and electrochemical kinetics as the manners of control, respectively, and both are validated by the electrochemical measurements with microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations. This study provides an effective design for high‐energy‐density solid‐state battery with alkali Na–K anode, but also presents a novel approach to understand the interfacial chemical processes that could inspire and guide future designs.
Recent Progress in Aryltrifluoromethylation Reactions of Carbon‐Carbon Multiple Bonds
Authors: Remete Attila M. , Nonn Melinda , Novák Tamás T. , Csányi Dorottya , Kiss Loránd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to the increasing relevance of fluorine‐containing organic molecules in drug design, the synthesis of organofluorine compounds has gained high significance in synthetic organic chemistry. Trifluoromethylative difunctionalizations of carbon–carbon multiple bonds, with the simultaneous incorporation of a CF3 group and another functional element, have considerable potential. Because of the high importance of carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions in organic synthesis, carbotrifluoromethylations and, in particular, aryltrifluoromethylations or heteroaryltrifluoromethylations are considered to be increasing fields of synthetic organic chemistry. The aim of the current review is to summarize recent developments of aryltrifluoromethylation or heteroaryltrifluoromethylation reactions.
Student mobility: Extent, impacts and predictors of a range of movement types for secondary school students in England
Authors: Prior Lucy , Leckie George 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMoving school is a major event for students, with potential impacts on both student and school performance. Students can experience a diversity of move types, including variation in timing, origin and destination, though this complexity is not always acknowledged in studies or educational policies, which tend towards binary distinctions of movers versus non‐movers. However, it is crucial to understand the vulnerabilities and outcomes associated with different mobility types, including to inform more effective and efficient targeting of support. We therefore study the extent, impacts and predictors of a diverse range of school moves during secondary schooling for a cohort of students completing their end‐of‐school examinations in 2018/2019 in England. We highlight a negative association between mobility and achievement for all movement types, however, we find substantial heterogeneity in the strength of their association with student performance and highlight the likelihood of making different types of school moves vary by student characteristics. Therefore, we recommend the wider consideration and examination of diverse mobility features by research and in educational accountability systems.
Optical and structural properties of composites films based on Ce3+‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet nanoparticles embedded in polystyrene
Authors: Hamroun Mohammed Salah Eddine , Bachari Khaldoun , Mechernene Lahcene , Guerbous Lakhdar , Chebout Redouane , Guenanou Ahmed , Boukerika Allaoua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the present work, attempts have been made to prepare scintillating nanoparticle composite films of Ce3+‐doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce) embedded in a polystyrene (PS) polymer. A YAG:Ce phosphor has been previously synthesized using the sol–gel method. YAG:Ce‐PS composite films of 250 ± 30 μm thickness were prepared using a solvent casting procedure with different PS/solvent concentration and a different mass ratio between nanoparticles of YAG:Ce and PS. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the YAG:Ce powders were successfully prepared. Using thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry, we found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal degradation were shifted to higher temperatures for composite films relative to pure PS. Photoluminescence showed the yellow emission of the Ce3+‐doped YAG phosphors, which was attributed to the 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ ion and the intensity of the emissions changed with the mass ratio of the YAG:Ce nanoparticles incorporated in the polymer and with the concentration of the polymer solution.
ONOO−‐mediated oxidative modification of extracellular matrix aggravates atherosclerosis by affecting biological behaviors of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Liang Weijie , Liu Zhen , Zheng Hongyan , Lin Aiwen , Fan Jun , Li Jianhao , Wu Wen , Jie Qiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a principal contributor to stroke and coronary heart disease in humans characterized by chronic low‐grade inflammation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays critical roles in regulating the function of arteries. However, the effect of changes in ECM on AS development is rarely studied. In this context, we intend to study the effect of oxidizing agent peroxynitrite (ONOO−)‐mediated oxidization of ECM proteins on the biological behaviors of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the development of AS. AS mouse models were established, and mouse coronary artery smooth muscle cells (MCASMCs) were cultured in vitro to derive ECM (SMC‐ECM), which was obtained by deoxycholate (DOC)‐based decellularization. Further, MCASMCs were subjected to the determination of ECM oxidative damage and ECM protein structure. Finally, roles of ONOO−‐mediated oxidization of ECM in SMC adhesion and migration and in AS development were explored through Transwell assay, transcriptome sequencing, and gene enrichment analysis. High concentration of ONOO− was found in the serum of AS mice, and ONOO− could stimulate the development of AS. SMC‐ECM with intact structure can be obtained in vitro by DOC treatment. Functionally, ONOO−‐mediated oxidization destroyed the three‐dimensional structure of SMC‐ECM proteins, affected SMC adhesion and migration and promoted the absorption efficiency of lipids while reducing the efflux of cholesterol. In addition, the expression of inflammation‐ and oxidative stress‐related genes was significantly increased in ECM subjected to ONOO−‐mediated oxidization, thereby contributing to AS progression. ONOO−‐mediated oxidative modification of ECM aggravates AS by affecting the biological behavior of SMCs.
Vanadium‐modified hard carbon spheres with sufficient pseudographitic domains as high‐performance anode for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Chen Fuping , Di Yujie , Su Qiong , Xu Dongming , Zhang Yangpu , Zhou Shuang , Liang Shuquan , Cao Xinxin , Pan Anqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. To meet practical requirements, searching for durable and conductive carbon with a stable interface is of great importance. Here, we prepare a series of vanadium‐modified hard carbon submicrospheres by using hydrothermal carbonization followed by high‐temperature pyrolysis. Significantly, the introduction of vanadium can facilitate the nucleation and uniform growth of carbon spheres and generate abundant V–O–C interface bonds, thus optimizing the reaction kinetic. Meanwhile, the optimized hard carbon spheres modified by vanadium carbide, with sufficient pseudographitic domains, provide more active sites for Na ion migration and storage. As a result, the HC/VC‐1300 electrode exhibits excellent Na storage performance, including a high capacity of 420 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and good rate capability at 1 A g−1. This study proposes a new strategy for the synthesis of hard carbon spheres with high tap density and emphasizes the key role of pseudographitic structure for Na storage and interface stabilization.
Time‐Dependent Hydrogen Bond Network Formation in Glycerol‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Dziubinska‐Kühn Katarzyna , Pupier Marion , Matysik Jörg , Viger‐Gravel Jasmine , Karg Beatrice , Kowalska Magdalena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Patryk Palenque Marcinkowski. The image shows a glycerol‐choline network accommodating water molecules over time. The glycerol molecules are represented as pandas adapting to the change. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100806.
Processes and patterns: Insights on cranial covariation from an Apert syndrome mouse model
Authors: Singh Nandini , Heuzé Yann , Holmes Greg 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMajor cell‐to‐cell signaling pathways, such as the fibroblast growth factors and their four receptors (FGF/FGFR), are conserved across a variety of animal forms. FGF/FGFRs are necessary to produce several “vertebrate‐specific” structures, including the vertebrate head. Here, we examine the effects of the FGFR2 S252W mutation associated with Apert syndrome on patterns of cranial integration. Our data comprise micro‐computed tomography images of newborn mouse skulls, bred to express the Fgfr2 S252W mutation exclusively in either neural crest or mesoderm‐derived tissues, and mice that express the Fgfr2 S252W mutation ubiquitously.ResultsProcrustes‐based methods and partial least squares analysis were used to analyze craniofacial integration patterns. We found that deviations in the direction and degree of integrated shape change across the mouse models used in our study were potentially driven by the modular variation generated by differing expression of the Fgfr2 mutation in cranial tissues.ConclusionsOur overall results demonstrate that covariation patterns can be biased by the spatial distribution and magnitude of variation produced by underlying developmental‐genetic mechanisms that often impact the phenotype in disproportionate ways.
Farming practice affects rice field animal biota during cultivation but not fallow periods in Taiwan
Authors: Song Jheng‐Sin , Kuo Chi‐Chien 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRice is one of the most important staple foods in the world, with irrigated rice paddies largely converted from natural wetlands. The effectiveness of rice fields in preserving species depends partially on management practices, including the usage of pesticides. Previous studies have focused predominantly on the cultivation period, leaving the potential effects of soil pesticide residues on organisms during the fallow periods underexplored. Other animals, such as waterbirds, also rely on aquatic invertebrates in flooded fallow fields for their survival. We investigated vertebrates and macroinvertebrates during cultivation and fallow periods in organic and conventional rice fields in Taiwan. The association of environmental factors with terrestrial and aquatic organisms was also analyzed. In total, 32,880 individuals from 144 invertebrate families and 381 individuals from 15 vertebrate families were recorded after nine samplings each in six organic and six conventional rice fields. The family richness and abundance of all invertebrates were higher in organic than in conventional fields during the cultivation period but were similar in fields under either agricultural practice during the fallow period. The differences in richness and abundance of terrestrial invertebrates between the two practices increased with progression of rice cultivation, while there was no difference in abundance of aquatic invertebrates during the fallow period. The richness and abundance of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and migratory waterbirds were not statistically different between the two practices. Our study suggested accumulative effects of pesticides on suppressing terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates during the cultivation period, but no negative effects of soil pesticide residues on aquatic invertebrates during the fallow period. This comprehensive study provided a holistic picture of macroinvertebrate and vertebrate fauna, as well as the potential ramifications of pesticide usage, in a representative Southeast Asian rice paddy ecosystem. Future studies should compare rice fields with natural wetlands to better assess how to capitalize on agroecosystems for biodiversity conservation.
Effects of drying and orientation to perennial refuges on aquatic biodiversity across two basins differing in aridity
Authors: Gill Brian A. , Sanabria Anthony , Gonzales Miranda , Carlson Stephanie M. , Bogan Michael T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntermittent streams are globally distributed, comprise over half the length of the global river network, and are expected to become more prevalent. However, most studies of intermittent streams are conducted at extremes of scale, are limited in taxonomic and temporal scope, and focus exclusively on drying patterns. Here, we assessed how both flow intermittency and orientation to perennial refuges affect aquatic invertebrates and aquatic and semiaquatic vertebrates across 2 years within two intermittent river basins differing in their aridity. We used loggers to characterize flow intermittency and wet–dry mapping to determine orientation to perennial refuges of reaches. In winter and summer 2015 and 2016, we collected and identified invertebrates and visually surveyed vertebrates. Using permutational multivariate analyses of variance with distance matrices, we found distinct invertebrate communities by basin, flow class (perennial or intermittent), and season, and distinct vertebrate communities by basin, and between flow classes and seasons in the more arid basin. Invertebrate communities had higher beta diversity in the more arid than mesic basin, whereas the opposite was true for vertebrates. We identified indicator species for all combinations of basin and flow class, perennial reaches combined from both basins, each basin, and some combinations of flow class and season within basins. Flow intermittency and orientation to perennial refuge predictors correlated well with both invertebrate and vertebrate communities. However, we did not find nestedness of communities that differed significantly from that expected by chance in response to increasing flow intermittency or distance to refuges. Lastly, basin, flow intermittency, and orientation to perennial refuge predictors were generally important for modeling taxon richness and densities, and richness and densities decreased with increasing flow intermittency and distance to perennial refuges. Collectively, our data suggest that intermittent streams harbor unique biodiversity, but also that some taxa have context‐dependent responses to intermittency and orientation to perennial refuges. These findings also suggest that future increases in stream drying are likely to lead to changes to stream communities with high potential for the loss of aquatic biodiversity.
Experimental investigation of Savonius hydrokinetic turbine with different flow diverting blocking plate
Authors: Patel Ravi , Patel Vimal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnergy extraction from flowing water has become very prevalent in the twenty‐first century. This work aims to harness the power of flowing water to generate hydrokinetic energy. The numerous turbines were used to gather energy from flowing water and were inspired by wind turbines. One of the most common machines is the Savonius rotor. A laboratory‐scale model of a Savonius rotor was produced in this work, and the rotor's performance was tested experimentally using a flow diverting blocking plate. The flow behavior and performance of a blocking plate with complete water flow diversion from a retarding vane are examined in detail in this research. According to the data, an optimal blocking plate angle of 42.72° at a distance of 360 mm from the wall boosts power generation by 63.27%.
Comparative study on hybrid nanofluid flow of Ag–CuO/H2O over a curved stretching surface with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Gorai Debasish , Das Kalidas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to discuss the comparison of the linear and nonlinear stretching sheets on the heat transfer over a curved surface spiraling in a circle with radial distance R. Additionally the consequences of Soret–Dufour in the presence of injection velocity and heat source/sink are investigated in the article. Silver and Copper Oxide are taken as hybrid nanoparticles with water as foundation fluid. Leading equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations taking some relevant transformations and solved with the combination of the shooting method and RK‐4th order method. MAPLE software is used to plot graphs and numerical charts. Flow features are examined for different pertinent parameters. Physical quantities like Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and so forth, are evaluated numerically for different nondimensional numbers. The result substantiates that improving the Dufour number boost the fluid flow and fluid temperature but the opposite behavior is seen in the concentration profile. It is observed that a linearly stretching sheet gives better fluid behaviors compared to nonlinear stretching sheet.