bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of The Pediatric Cartilaginous Eustachian Tube: Implications for Balloon Dilation
Authors: Yu Yuan , Geffen Brent , McCrary Hilary , Dunya Gabriel , Rampton John , Zhang Chong , Presson Angela P. , Poe Dennis , Park Albert H. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives(1) Measure the cartilaginous Eustachian tube (ET) length using a computed tomography (CT) scan and (2) develop a prediction model to measure this length without the need of a CT scan.Study DesignCT measurements in children.SettingChildren's Hospital.MethodsCT scans were reformatted to project the cranial and caudal limits of the cartilaginous ET. The length was measured in 193 children who underwent a neck CT scan for nonotologic indications. Five physicians independently reviewed all or some of these measures. Four different models based on age, age ranges, weight, and height were created and compared to predict ET length.ResultsThe cartilaginous ET length was 25.3 ± 3.1 mm for the right and for the left ear. The mean ET length for the females was statistically significantly less than the length in males. The lower ET lengths in children as old as 5 years of age were less than the 2 cm adult criteria used for catheter insertion. All 4 models performed equally well in predicting ET length. Model number 4, which is based on height, was the easiest to calculate ET length.ConclusionThe cartilaginous portion of the pediatric ET can be measured with good precision using reformatted CT images. We caution against using the “adult” criteria of 2 cm for catheter insertion in children, especially those younger than 5 years of age. We recommend using a model utilizing height measures to estimate ET length or direct measurements from a reformatted CT scan.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:396–402, 2023
Beyond habitat boundaries: Organic matter cycling requires a system‐wide approach for accurate blue carbon accounting
Authors: Krause Johannes Renke , Hinojosa‐Corona Alejandro , Gray Andrew B. , Herguera Juan Carlos , McDonnell Julianna , Schaefer Michael V. , Ying Samantha C. , Watson Elizabeth Burke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs coastal ecosystems become widely recognized for their capacity to sequester carbon (blue carbon), standard accounting methodologies for the generation of carbon credits are being developed. To ensure the applicability of these standards across blue carbon ecosystems, we investigated organic carbon provenance and burial in salt marshes and seagrass meadows of an arid, upwelling‐dominated Eastern Pacific lagoon. We found low carbon density in benthic sediments of Bahía de San Quintín (5.9 ± 0.5 mg C cm−3), only marginally higher in Zostera marina beds (6.9 ± 0.5 mg C cm−3), likely due to remineralization and hydrodynamically driven export of seagrass material, resulting in low carbon burial rates (4.5 ± 2.5 g C m−2 yr−1). Sediment organic carbon is mainly controlled by the fraction of fine sediment and its source is largely allochthonous, although sources differ spatially. Salt marshes at San Quintín derive 40% of their organic matter from autochthonous material and exhibit higher carbon burial rates (up to 414.7 ± 28.6 g C m−2 yr−1) and sediment carbon densities (32.0 ± 0.7 mg C cm−3) compared to benthic sediments. This study emphasizes the connectivity of blue carbon habitats with marsh plant detritus supplementing benthic carbon burial and incorporation of detrital eelgrass in marsh sediments. Our findings highlight the importance of allochthonous organic matter for carbon sequestration in blue carbon habitats, suggesting standard accounting practices that deduct allochthonous organic matter would miss the full potential for carbon burial.
HDPE@UHMWPE Powders for Power Bed Fusion Based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Wencke Yannick L. , Proes Friedrich , Imgrund Phillip , Luinstra Gerrit A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCommercial UHMWPE powder of 60 µm size (d50) embossed with 2–5 wt% of nanosilica is used as a support for the preparation of core–shell HDPE@silica@UHMWPE particles. The HDPE shell is generated by polymerization of ethylene in toluene slurry after treatment of the silica@UHMWPE with a methyl aluminoxane activated bisimine pyridine iron complex. Heat pressing the powder gives a solid material with identifiable original UHMWPE particles and a layer from fusion of UHMWPE and the surrounding HDPE shell; the properties match those of the UHMWPE base material. The powder flow properties of the HDPE@silica@UHMWPE are insufficient for a powder bed fusion process, a value for the flow function between 2 and 3 is measured in a ring shear tester. Additivation with nanosilica helps to overcome the insufficient flowability and allows the material to be recoated in a power bed fusion system. Laser sintering gives evidence for a substantial mixing and welding of the HDPE shells and UHMWPE. Caking at the surface of the built parts hinders the manufacturing of isolated parts. Further additivation with carbon black reduces the caking; however, the welding within the HDPE@silica@UHMWPE material is much less strong.
K‐theory of regular compactification bundles
Authors: Uma V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet G be a split connected reductive algebraic group. Let be a ‐torsor over a smooth base scheme and X be a regular compactification of G. We describe the Grothendieck ring of the associated fibre bundle , as an algebra over the Grothendieck ring of a canonical toric bundle over a flag bundle over . These are relative versions of the corresponding results on the Grothendieck ring of X in the case when is a point, and generalize the classical results on the Grothendieck rings of projective bundles, toric bundles and flag bundles.
Mechanochromophore‐Linked Polymeric Materials with Visible Color Changes
Authors: Qiu Wenlian , Scofield Joel M.P. , Gurr Paul A. , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMechanical force as a type of stimuli for smart materials has obtained much attention in the past decade. Color‐changing materials in response to mechanical stimuli have shown great potential in the applications such as sensors and displays. Mechanochromophore‐linked polymeric materials, which are a growing sub‐class of these materials, are discussed in detail in this review. Two main types of mechanochromophores which exhibit visible color change, summarized herein, involve either isomerization or radical generation mechanisms. This review focuses on their synthesis and incorporation into polymer matrices, the type of mechanical force used, factors affecting the mechanochromic properties, and their applications.
The Role of Entropy Gains in the Exciton Separation in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yan Yangjun , Zhang Yajie , Memon Waqar Ali , Wang Mengni , Zhang Xinghua , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn organic solar cells (OSCs), the lower dielectric constant of organic semiconductor material induces a strong Coulomb attraction between electron–hole pairs, which leads to a low exciton separation efficiency, especially the charge transfer (CT) state. The CT state formed at the electron‐donor (D) and electron‐acceptor (A) interface is regarded as an unfavorable property of organic photovoltaic devices. Since the OSC works in a nonzero temperature condition, the entropy effect would be one of the main reasons to overcome the Coulomb energy barrier and must be taken into account. In this review, the present understanding of the entropy‐driven charge separation is reviewed and how factors such as the dimensionality of the organic semiconductor, energy disorder effect, the morphology of the active layer, are described, as well as how the nonequilibrium effect affects the entropy contribution in compensating the Coulomb dissociation barrier for CT exciton separation and charge generation process. The investigation of the entropy effect on exciton dissociation mechanism from both theoretical and experimental aspects is focused on, which provides pathways for understanding the underlying mechanisms of exciton separation and further enhancing the efficiency of OSCs.
Alignment of Organic Conjugated Molecules for High‐Performance Device Applications
Authors: Memon Waqar Ali , Zhang Yajie , Zhang Jianqi , Yan Yangjun , Wang Yuheng , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance organic semiconductor materials as the electroactive components of optoelectronic devices have attracted much attention and made them ideal candidates for solution‐processable, large‐area, and low‐cost flexible electronics. Especially, organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on conjugated semiconductor materials have experienced stunning progress in device performance. To make these materials economically viable, comprehensive knowledge of charge transport mechanisms is required. The alignment of organic conjugated molecules in the active layer is vital to charge transport properties of devices. The present review highlights the recent progress of processing‐structure‐transport correlations that allow the precise and uniform alignment of organic conjugated molecules over large areas for multiple electronic applications, including OFETs, organic thermoelectric devices (OTEs), and organic phototransistors (OPTs). Different strategies for regulating crystallinity and macroscopic orientation of conjugated molecules are introduced to correlate the molecular packing, the device performance, and charge transport anisotropy in multiple organic electronic devices.
Wavelength‐Selective Photo‐Cycloadditions of Styryl‐Anthracene
Authors: Bai Jing , Shi Zixing , Ma Xiaodong , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLight‐tunable covalent chemistry is highly urgent in the fields of chemistry, biology, and materials science, especially for the smart materials and surface, due to the spatiotemporal control and feasible operation. Here, a new type of wavelength‐selective photo‐cycloaddition of styryl‐anthracene carboxylic acid (SACA) is reported. Upon the irradiation of 450 nm visible light or 365 nm UV light, SACA can undergo [2+2] or [2+4] photocycloaddition, respectively. Furthermore, the [2+2] photocycloaddition induced by vis‐light of 450 nm is reversible and can be disrupted by 365 nm UV light to form dimer‐24 which cannot be photo‐cleavable. Owing to the feasibility and spatiotemporal characteristics of UV–vis light‐controlled photocycloaddition, the SACA possesses potential applications in various areas such as self‐assembly, dynamic wrinkles, and fluorescence patterns, which are also explored and exhibited in this work.
Air‐Tolerant Reversible Complexation Mediated Polymerization (RCMP) Using Aldehyde
Authors: Mao Weijia , Tay Xiu Ting , Sarkar Jit , Wang Chen‐Gang , Goto Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn air‐tolerant reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP) technique, which can be carried out without prior deoxygenation, is developed. The system contains a monomer, an alkyl iodide initiating dormant species, air (oxygen), an aldehyde, N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), and a base. Oxygen is consumed via the NHPI‐catalyzed conversion of the aldehyde (RCHO) to a carboxylic acid (RCOOH). The generated RCOOH is further converted to a carboxylate anion (RCOO−) by the base. The RCOO− generated in situ works as an RCMP catalyst; the polymerization proceeds with the monomer, alkyl iodide dormant species, and RCOO− catalyst. Thus, the system is not only air‐tolerant but also does not require additional RCMP catalysts, which is a notable feature of this system. (NHPI is used as an oxidation catalyst for converting RCHO to RCOOH.) This technique is amenable to methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and styrene, yielding polymers with relatively low‐dispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.20−1.49), where Mw and Mn are the weight‐ and number‐average molecular weights, respectively.
Influence of Specific Structure on the Dielectric and Thermal Performance of Bulk Polymers: Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of XNBR
Authors: Lu Ling , Zhao Chen , Zhang Hao , Cai Fei , Wu Sizhu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe influence of the molecular structure of carboxylated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (XNBR) on the dielectric properties through nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations is investigated here. The NEMD simulations are performed for calculating the permittivity (ε) of XNBR under different alternating electric field strength (Ei), alternating electric field frequency (Ef), and temperature. The simulation results show a similar change trend with the reported experimental consequence of dielectric elastomer. Interestingly, a critical alternating Ei at which the dielectric properties of XNBR with different acrylonitrile contents change seriously is found. Moreover, a deep insight into the mechanisms of the dielectric and thermal performance of XNBR is explored through the analysis from the atomistic level, including intermolecular interaction, fractional free volume, molecular chain migration ability, hydrogen bonds breaking and reformation, dipole autocorrelation function, phonon vibration power spectrum, and kinetic energy. The research results will inspire the design of polymer structures to obtain high‐performance polymer materials.
Attitudes Toward Telehealth Services Among People Living With Parkinson's Disease: A Survey Study
Authors: Xu Yaqian , Feeney Megan P. , Surface Matthew , Novak Dan , Troche Michelle S. , Beck James C. , Alcalay Roy N. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundTelehealth has been widely adopted in providing Parkinson's disease care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to survey people living with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) about their attitudes toward and utilization of telehealth services.MethodsA survey was administered to PwPD via Parkinson's Foundation and Columbia University mailing lists.ResultsOf 1,163 responses, 944 complete responses were analyzed. Telehealth awareness was 90.2% (850/942), and utilization was 82.8% (780/942). More than 40% of PwPD were equally or more satisfied with telehealth compared with in‐person visits in all types of services used. The highest satisfaction was observed in speech‐language pathology appointments (78.8%, 52/66) followed by mental health services (69.2%, 95/137).ConclusionsIn selected circumstances and indications, such as speech‐language pathology and mental health services, telehealth may be a useful tool in the care of PwPD beyond the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
“Reverse tensor fascia latae perforator flap for reconstruction of knee defect: Anatomic study by computed tomographic angiography and a case report”
Authors: Boucher Fabien , Abihannah Michel , Chauvel‐Picard Julie , Mojallal Ali A. , Rouviere Olivier , Brosset Sophie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundReverse anterolateral thigh perforator (ALTp) pedicle flap can be used to reconstruct perigenicular defect thanks to the anastomoses between the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) and the perigenicular network. In a few cases, however, patients do not present any ALTp. We hypothesized that, in such cases, an adjacent perforator, the tensor fascia latae perforator (TFLp), emerging from the LCFA ascending branch, could be used instead. To assess the feasibility of this technique, a radiological study was conducted. A first patient was treated using this option.MethodsSixty lower limb computed tomography were analyzed. The first treated patient was a 50‐years‐old man suffering from a 5‐mm chronic bone exposure and osteomyelitis. Other reconstructive options were not indicated since he presented a multiscarry leg, severe arteriopathy, and no ALTp. A TFLp flap was raised, and the LCFA ascending and descending branches were dissected in continuity. After ligation of the LCFA, the blood flow reversed in the descending branch to irrigate the flap through the ascending branch.ResultsA TFL perforator was observed in all the cases of the radiological study. The LCFA branching pattern was compatible with achieving a reverse TFL perforator flap in 43 cases (72%). The average pedicle length was 32 cm (22–38 cm). In the first clinical case, the flap covered the defect easily. After three months, the patient showed no evidence of infection recurrence and recovered a painless walk.ConclusionThe reverse TFLp flap can be a suitable option for perigenicular reconstruction.
Drug Repurposing for Newly Emerged Diseases via Network‐based Inference on a Gene‐disease‐drug Network
Authors: Qin Li , Wang Jiye , Wu Zengrui , Li Weihua , Liu Guixia , Tang Yun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIdentification of disease‐drug associations is an effective strategy for drug repurposing, especially in searching old drugs for newly emerged diseases like COVID‐19. In this study, we put forward a network‐based method named NEDNBI to predict disease‐drug associations based on a gene‐disease‐drug tripartite network, which could be applied in drug repurposing. The novelty of our method lies in the fact that no negative data are required, and new disease could be added into the disease‐drug network with gene as the bridge. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the proposed method had good performance, with AUC value 0.948±0.009 for 10‐fold cross validation. In a case study, 8 of the 20 predicted old drugs have been tested clinically for the treatment of COVID‐19, which illustrated the usefulness of our method in drug repurposing. The source code and data of the method are available at https://github.com/Qli97/NEDNBI.
Synergistic impact of motion and acquisition/reconstruction parameters on18F‐FDG PET radiomic features in non‐small cell lung cancer: Phantom and clinical studies
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Shiri Isaac , Hajianfar Ghasem , Bahadorzadeh Bahador , Ghafarian Pardis , Zaidi Habib , Ay Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study is aimed at examining the synergistic impact of motion and acquisition/reconstruction parameters on18F‐FDG PET image radiomic features in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and investigating the robustness of features performance in differentiating NSCLC histopathology subtypes.MethodsAn in‐house developed thoracic phantom incorporating lesions with different sizes was used with different reconstruction settings, including various reconstruction algorithms, number of subsets and iterations, full‐width at half‐maximum of post‐reconstruction smoothing filter and acquisition parameters, including injected activity and test–retest with and without motion simulation. To simulate motion, a special motor was manufactured to simulate respiratory motion based on a normal patient in two directions. The lesions were delineated semi‐automatically to extract 174 radiomic features. All radiomic features were categorized according to the coefficient of variation (COV) to select robust features. A cohort consisting of 40 NSCLC patients with adenocarcinoma (n= 20) and squamous cell carcinoma (n= 20) was retrospectively analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to discriminate robust features in differentiating histopathology subtypes of NSCLC lesions.ResultsOverall, 29% of radiomic features showed a COV ≤5% against motion. Forty‐five percent and 76% of the features showed a COV ≤ 5% against the test–retest with and without motion in large lesions, respectively. Thirty‐three percent and 45% of the features showed a COV ≤ 5% against different reconstruction parameters with and without motion, respectively. For NSCLC histopathological subtype differentiation, statistical analysis showed that 31 features were significant (p‐value < 0.05). Two out of the 31 significant features, namely, the joint entropy of GLCM (AUC = 0.71, COV = 0.019) and median absolute deviation of intensity histogram (AUC = 0.7, COV = 0.046), were robust against the motion (same reconstruction setting).ConclusionsMotion, acquisition, and reconstruction parameters significantly impact radiomic features, just as their synergies. Radiomic features with high predictive performance (statistically significant) in differentiating histopathological subtype of NSCLC may be eliminated due to non‐reproducibility.
Carbon and oxygen stable isotopic evidence for diverse sheep and goat husbandry strategies amid a Final Bronze Age farming milieu in the Kyrgyz Tian Shan
Authors: Hermes Taylor R. , Schmid Clemens , Tabaldiev Kubatbek , Motuzaite Matuzeviciute Giedre 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe mountains of Central Asia during the Bronze and Iron Ages are increasingly being reconceived as an important zone for intensive crop cultivation in combination with pastoralist herding. However, very little information is known about how farming practices intersected with livestock husbandry, especially at high‐elevation sites. This paper presents the first insights to ancient animal management strategies in the Tian Shan through incremental carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis of domesticated caprine teeth recovered from the Chap‐1 farmstead located at 2000 m.a.s.l. in Kyrgyzstan (1065 to 825 cal BCE). We implemented a fully reproducible analysis of time‐series isotope data in the R programming language. Results show subtle but variable manipulation of domesticated caprine diets at subannual scales, suggesting mixed strategies of providing access to a small amount of C4 plant biomass, in addition to summer movements to high pastures where the overall carbon isotopic composition of graze was depleted in 13C compared with that of the environs of the site or lowland pastures. Nevertheless, caprine dietary intake was overwhelmingly dominated by C3 plants. Analysis of domesticated caprine birth seasonality reveals off‐season fall and winter births, which represent a common strategy employed by ancient producers in Central Asia to improve herd security and extend meat and milk availability. This study illustrates a well‐integrated system of agro‐pastoralist production that can help clarify the social dynamics underlying food systems in the mountain regions of Central and Inner Asia in the Final Bronze Age. It further reveals the capability for more sedentary agro‐pastoralist communities to facilitate wider interregional cultural connections, through limited seasonal herding mobility and investment in highland settlement.
A rare case of prostate cancer with spontaneous gingival bleeding as the initial manifestation of underlying disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Tanaka Takuya , Fukuma Daiki , Yuno Akira , Nakamoto Masafumi , Imamura Takahisa , Nakayama Hideki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundGingival bleeding is uncommon in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), rarely caused by prostate cancer (PC).Case presentationA 69‐year‐old man complained of uncontrollable gingival bleeding. A low platelet count and prolonged bleeding and prothrombin times were observed. Elevated levels of fibrin degradation products, D‐dimer, thrombin‐antithrombin‐complex, plasmin‐α2‐plasmin inhibitor‐complex, and prostate‐specific antigen suggested PC‐associated DIC with hyperfibrinolysis. Computed tomography revealed prostate tumor with metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and vertebrae. By treatment with heparin, anti‐androgenic agents, and tranexamic acid, gingival bleeding resolved.ConclusionOral and maxillofacial surgeons should be aware that gingival bleeding may be a sign of PC‐associated DIC.