bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prone Positioning During Veno-Venous Or Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Feasibility And Complications After Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Genty Thibaut , Cherel Quentin , Thès Jacques , Bouteau Astrid , Roman Calypso , Stéphan François 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a standard treatment for refractory hypoxaemia (veno-venous ECMO, VV-ECMO) and cardiogenic shock (veno-arterial ECMO, VA-ECMO). Severe hypoxaemia may persist despite ECMO. Prone positioning (PP) can improve outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)(1,2). However, few data exist on PP in hypoxaemic patients receiving VV-ECMO or VA-ECMO, particularly after cardio-thoracic surgery. Here, we evaluated oxygenation and complications seen with PP during ECMO.
Development and evaluation of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification assay for diagnosis of Canine Leptospirosis
Authors: Kuppusamy senthilkumar , Nirmala K. , Tirumurugaan K.G. , Aravindbabu R.P. , Senthilkumar T.M.A. , Ravikumar G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Canine Leptospirosis pose a public health risk in addition to life threatening disease to dogs. The molecular methods enable faster and sensitive diagnosis of leptospirosis at early stage of infection in contrast to dark field microscopy and culture. The Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) assay is a versatile alternative to polymerase chain reaction by its simple, fast, inherent enzymatic amplification of nucleic acid at constant temperature. The RPA assay to detect Leptospira DNA was optimized with Leptospira reference strains and its performance characteristic such as analytical, diagnostics and reproducibility were assessed. The limit of detection of RPA assay was estimated as 10 2 copies of genomic DNA was similar to that of PCR assay and it is specific to amplify the pathogenic Leptospira strain rather than non-pathogenic Leptospira strains and other bacterial strains. Out of 150 dog samples screened Leptospira DNA was detected in 42.6% (64/150) by RPA assay and 44.6% (67/150) by PCR. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RPA assay was 92.5% (83.44% to 97.53%, 95% CI) and 97.59% (91.57% to 99.71%, 95% CI) respectively, in comparison with PCR. The RPA assay has a good diagnostic agreement with a kappa value of 0.905 (0.837 to 0.974 at 95% CI). The performance of the assay on different occasion to amplify the DNA with mean concentration of 42.24 ng/µl ± 1.44 with a coefficient of variation of 5.9% showed its good repeatability. The reproducibility assessment with the third-party testing laboratory, revealed better agreement on the performance of the assay with a kappa value of 0.81(0.547 to 1.00 at 95% CI). Since this method is simple, rapid and less expensive enables to perform at resource limited laboratories or point of care testing at field level.
Effect of MWCNTS on Spectroscopic and Thermal properties of PVB Nanocomposite films
Authors: A RAJESHWAR REDDY , N Narsimlu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a simple fabrication process for polyvinyl butyral (PVB) based nanocomposite films reinforced with MWCNTS. The solution casting method was used to prepare pure PVB and composite films. XRD, FTIR, SEM and DSC methods were used to study the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS) on the spectroscopic and thermal properties of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) composite films. The structural, spectroscopic and thermal properties of PVB based nanocomposite films were significantly altered after being reinforced with the MWCNTS. The chemical structure and crystalline phase of the composites were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The surface morphology (SEM) was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The XRD patterns and SEM images show the MWCNTS are well dispersed in the PVB matrix. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of PVB nanocomposite films were determined using DSC analysis (from 37 ° C to 250 ° C). With increasing MWCNTS weight percentage, the glass transition temperature and the melting point of composite films have been found to enhance.
Proton Pump Inhibitors Use and Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Geng Tingting , Chen Junxiang , Zhou Yan-Feng , Lu Qi , Wan Zhenzhen , Liu Liegang , Pan An , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used drugs for gastric-acid-related diseases, which may have an impact on the gut microbiome. We aimed to evaluate the associations of PPIs use with risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Methods: We analysed the associations of PPIs use with risks of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, and all-cause mortality in 19,229 adults with T2D using data from the UK Biobank study.Results: During a median follow-up of 10.9-11.2 years, we documented a total of 2,971 CAD, 1,827 MI, 1,192 HF, and 738 stroke cases, along with 2,297 total deaths. PPIs use was significantly associated with higher risks of CAD (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.40), MI (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.18-1.52), HF (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16-1.57) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.16-1.45). No significant association was observed between PPIs use and stroke (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.90-1.36). The results were consistent in the subgroup analyses stratified by factors including indications of PPIs, anti-diabetic medication use, and antiplatelet drug use. Analyses in a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort of PPIs users versus non-users yielded consistent results. Conclusion: Our data suggested that PPIs use was associated with higher risks of CVD events and mortality among patients with T2D. Prescription of PPIs among patients with T2D should be cautious, and monitoring of adverse cardiovascular events during PPIs therapy should be enhanced.
Radix Actinidiae chinensis induces autophagy in renal cell carcinoma 786-O and A498 cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Liu Biao , Zhang Liang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor. This study investigated the mechanism of Radix Actinidiae chinensis (RAC) inducing autophagy in RCC cell.Methods: Cell viability and IC50 value in 786-O and A498 cells were detected by CCK8 assays. The proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion were detected by cloning, flow cytometry and cell invasion assays, respectively. The cell apoptosis, cycle, autophagy and related protein levels were detected by flow cytometry, AOPI assay and western blot, respectively. The number of autophagolysosomes was detected by electron microscopy. In addition, the proteins related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were detected by western blot.Results: IC50 values of RAC in 786-O and A498 cells were 14.76 mg/mL and 13.09 mg/mL, respectively. RAC treatment reduced cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, blocked the S phase cells, and promoted apoptosis and autophagyin 786-O and A498 cells. It also increased the autophagy-related proteins LC3II/I and Beclin-1, and decreased the level of p62. In addition, RAC activated the levels of apoptosis-related proteins and reduce the levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins. However, the addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA attenuated the effect of RAC on apoptosis, autophagy and the expression of related proteins in RCC cells.Conclusion: RAC can induce autophagy in RCC by blocking PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, to inhibit the progression of RCC cells.
Transdermal nanolipoplex simultaneously inhibits subcutaneous melanoma growth and suppresses systemically metastatic melanoma by activating host immunity
Authors: Chen Chia Hung , Weng Tzu-Han , Chuang Cheng-Hsun , Huang Kai-Yao , Huang Sih-Cheng , Chen Pin-Rong , Huang Hsiao-Hsuan , Huang Ling-Ya , Shen Pei-Chun , Chuang Po-Ya , Huang Hsiao-Yen , Wu Yi-Syuan , Weng Shun-Long , Liao Kuang-Wen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background: Melanoma is a malignant cancer with high rates of recurrence, metastasis, and immunosurveillance evasion. Benefit for clinical treatments of melanoma, the transdermal neoadjuvant therapy could reduce surgery region and increase immunotherapy efficacy. Using cationic lipoplex (LPPC) encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) and carrying CpG oligodeoxynucleotide; the nano-liposomal drug complex (LPPC-DOX-CpG) would have higher cytotoxicity and immunostimulatory activity than the originally unencapsulated DOX and CpG. In addition, CpG adsorption did not interfere with the release of drugs from the complexes. The liposomal-drug complexes were transdermally administered, allowing them to easily penetrate the skin within 12 h. After the application of the treatments, subcutaneous melanoma growth and systemic metastasis were monitored to assess therapeutic efficacy. Then, next-generation sequencing (NGS) data were used to explore the underlying mechanism. Results: Transdermal administration of LPPC-DOX-CpG dramatically suppressed subcutaneous melanoma growth. LPPC-DOX-CpG induced tumor cell apoptosis and recruited immune cells into the tumor area. Interestingly, animal studies also showed that the colonization and growth of spontaneously metastatic melanoma cells in the liver and lung were suppressed by transdermal treatment with LPPC-DOX-CpG. NGS analysis further revealed the activation of the exogenous apoptotic pathway as the major mechanism responsible for the therapeutic effect of LPPC-DOX-CpG. The chemo-attractant, IFN-g and NF-kB pathways were also triggered to recruit and activate the antigen presenting cells and effecter cells. Conclusions: Finally, we have successfully proved transdermal LPPC-DOX-CpG as a promising penetrative carrier to activate anti-tumor immunity against subcutaneous and metastatic tumor.
A smart insole system capable of identifying proper heel raise posture for chronic ankle instability rehabilitation
Authors: Kim Seung-Jong , Kim Jaewook , Kang Seonghyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Heel raise is widely prescribed to patients with chronic ankle instability in order to strengthen the Peroneus Longus muscle (PL) which supports the weakened lateral collateral ligaments. While the exercise itself is intuitive, ankle orientation is of particular importance because heel raises performed with inversion do not well recruit the PL. This implies that proper execution is imperative and a means to assess heel raise training sessions is needed. In this study we present a smart insole system is capable of identifying heel raise events and its corresponding rise, hold and drop phases, which allows for a more descriptive analysis. The results from our heel raise sessions, which consist of four different variants performed by five healthy subjects, suggest that medial-lateral foot pressure distribution and foot orientation are needed to differentiate heel raises performed with ankle eversion and inversion. We go further and substantiate that proper execution, detected by our system, indeed leads to increased PL activation by analyzing the electromyography signals. We believe that the proposed system may provide clinicians with invaluable information regarding onsite as well as at-home training and possibly with biofeedback serve as foundation for software as a medical device.
The association between multiple meteorological factors and seasonal influenza A and B virus transmission in Macau
Authors: Ng HoiMan , Li Yusi , Zhang Teng , Lu Yiping , Wong ChioHang , Ni JinLiang , Zhao Qi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives: Few studies evaluated the influence of meteorological factors on different influenza types activity in subtropical regions. The study aimed to explore the association between meteorological factors and the onset of influenza A (Flu-A) and B (Flu-B) in Macau.Methods: Daily influenza cases data were collected from Kiang Wu Hospital from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2018 in Macau. Daily meteorological data were obtained from Macau Meteorological Service. The distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the effects of meteorological factors on the seasonal influenza outbreak.Results：Mean temperature had the peaking risks of both types at 4.0°C and 28.0°C. For the diurnal temperature range (DTR), the peaks of the cumulative relative risk (RR) of Flu-A were at 1.0°C and 5.0°C, while the cumulative RR of Flu-B increased as the DTR decreased. The association between influenza and relative humidity were showed a U-shape curve. The risk of influenza increased when the relative humidity was below 50% or above 90%. Both types increased significantly when the sunshine duration was below about 3.5 hours. Taking the median value as the reference, a significant cold effect was observed along 16-24 lag days in Flu-A. The lag effects were found in low-DTR, humid and short sunshine conditions in both types.Conclusions：This study revealed the complex non-linear association between meteorological factors and the different influenza types activity in Macau. The finding helped to develop an early warning system to improve the response capacity to influenza epidemics.
Dual Age-dependent function of KLF4 in Wnt regulation linked with TERT and Ctnnb1 in two differentiated and undifferentiated populations of SSCs
Authors: Sojoudi Kiana , Azizi Hossein , Skutella Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
KLF4 is a transcription factor involved in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and somatic cell reprogramming; thus, it has a critical role in accurate spermatogenesis. Currently, how KLF4 regulates the Wnt cascade has been discussed and suggested that this connection be related to TERT and Ctnnb1, but its regulatory mechanisms are still very vague. Contrary to the data of many researchers who have identified KLF4 as a factor in maintaining stemness, we have stated that KLF4 is a differentiating factor that its expression increases during spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we show how the regulatory loops of KLF4, TERT and Ctnnb1 through the Wnt pathway is age-dependent. Data collected during immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and Fluidigm real-time RT-PCR besides in silico analyzes indicate that the performance of KLF4 is context-dependent.
A Novel Automated Planning Approach for Multi-Anatomical Sites Cancer in Raystation Treatment Planning System
Authors: Lou ZhaoYang , Mao RongHu , Li DingJie , Tian LingLing , Li Bing , Lei HongChang , Ge Hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous automated planning approach studies for Raystation were limited to a specific anatomical site cancer or a single treatment technique. The purpose of this study is to develop an automated planning approach in Raystation and evaluate its feasibility and performance in multiple clinical application scenarios.
Methods
Sixty patients, including 20 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 20 esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) and 20 rectal cancer (RECA), who were treated with volumetric-modulated arc therapy for NPC and RECA and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for ESCA, were retrospectively enrolled in this study. An automated planning approach (Ruiplan), consisting of five key modules: prescription and OAR identification module, auxiliary structure generation module, dose prediction and objectives setting module, beam configuration module, plan fine-turning module, was developed by using the scripting platform of Raystation. Radiotherapy plans were re-generated both automatically by using Ruiplan and manually by experienced physicists. Target coverage, organs at risk (OARs) sparing, and planning efficiency of the automated plans (APs) and manual plans (MPs) were statistically compared using paired student t-test.
Results
For target coverage, APs yielded superior dose homogeneity in NPC and RECA, compared to MPs, while maintaining similar dose conformity for all studied anatomical sites. For OARs sparing, APs led to significant improvement in most OARs sparing, compared to MPs. The max dose of the lens, eyes and optic nerves in NPC, the V20 and mean dose of lungs, the V30, V40 and mean dose of heart in ESCA, the V30, V50 of bowel and V30 of femoral heads in CRCA were significantly decreased on average in APs compared to MPs (P < 0.05). The average planning time required for APs was reduced by more than 43% compared with MPs. Despite the increased monitor units (MUs) for NPC and RECA in APs, the beam-on time of APs and MPs had no statistical difference. Both the MUs and beam-on time of APs were significantly lower than that of MPs in ESCA (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The developed Ruiplan was capable of generating high-quality treatment plans that were comparable to the MPs created by experienced physicists, in a variety of treatment techniques and cancer sites studied.
Single-cell sequencing reveals the landscape of the tumor microenvironment in malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Xia Yuan-Zheng , Yuan Liu-Liu , Chen Zhong , Qin Jian , Qin Cheng-Jiao , Bian Jing , Dong Rui-Fang , Yuan Tang-Bo , Xu Yi-Ting , Kong Ling-Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an invasive pleomorphic soft tissue sarcoma with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognoses, and is prone to recurrence and metastasis. The pathophysiology remains elusive and its therapeutic options are limited. The 5-year recurrence rate of patients is 36% to 61%. Progress in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides an opportunity to dissect the pathophysiology of human diseases at unprecedented resolution, particularly in the diseases lacking animal models, such as MFH.Methods: We performed scRNA-seq on tumor tissues and adjacent muscle tissues from a patient with MFH. We identified Cell types and the corresponding marker genes by single-cell RNA sequencing. Malignant cells of fibroblasts were evaluated by CopyKAT analysis and differentially expressed genes of sequencing.Results: We identified PDCD1, CTLA4 and TIGIT as potential targets. We further showed that C2_Exhausted CD4+ Treg and C1_Exhausted CD8+ T cell highly expressed PDCD1, CTLA4 and TIGIT. Intervention via PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (tirelizumab) enabled disease control and reduced tumor immunosuppression. Conclusion: Thus, scRNA-seq analyses guide a successful therapeutic intervention in the MFH patient, improve our understanding of complex human diseases and provide an alternative approach to personalized medicine.
NTN4 as a prognostic marker and associated with immune infiltrates in breast cancer
Authors: Yi Lili , Lei Yongqiang , Yuan Fengjiao , Tian Conghui , Chai Jian , Gu Mingliang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Netrin-4 (NTN4), a member of neurite guidance factor family, can promote neurite growth and elongation. NTN4 participates in breast cancer, however, whether NTN4 correlates with prognosis and immune infiltration in breast cancer remain unclear. This study aims to investigate prognostic landscape of NTN4 in breast cancer and relationship of NTN4 expression with immune infiltration. Breast carcinoma tissue were used to IHC. Expression pattern and prognostic value of NTN4 were explored in breast cancer using multiple databases, including UALCAN, TIMER, Kaplan-Meier Plotter and Prognoscan. Using TIMER database, relationships of NTN4 expression with tumor immune invasion and immune cell surface markers were evaluated. Transcription and survival of NTN4 were investigated in breast cancer based on cBioPortal database. STRING database was explored to identify molecular functions and signaling pathways downstream of NTN4. NTN4 expression was significantly lower in invasive breast carcinoma compared with adjacent non-malignant tissues. Promoter methylation of NTN4 in breast cancer exhibited different patterns. Low NTN4 expression was associated with poorer survival. NTN4 expression was significantly positively related to infiltration of CD8+ T cells, macrophages and neutrophils, whereas significantly negatively related to B cells and tumor purity. Association patterns were different from different subtypes. Different patterns of association between NTN4 expression and immune cell surface markers were revealed. Different subtypes of breast cancer carried different gene alterations. NTN4 was involved in mediating multiple biological processes including morphogenesis and migration.
The effects of ethyl lauroyl arginine hydrochloride( ELAH) in nasal spray on SARS-C0V-2
Authors: Gaffar Abdul , Thacore HR , Yun Seiyoung , Chemine Agnes , Ferrari Maria , Pal Ranagit , Wattay Lauren , Peterson Marnie L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2019, a coronavirus caused an outbreak of severe respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China, and the virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of the study was to investigate the broad-spectrum antiviral effects of ethyl lauroyl arginine hydrochloride (ELAH) against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in cell cultures. In vitro treatment of pseudovirus VSV-SARS-CoV-2 expressing the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 for 10 minutes at 37°C with 15 µg/ml and 110 µg/ml ELAH inhibited virus replication in Vero cells by 55% and over 90%, respectively. Intranasal administration of Syrian golden hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 pretreatedin vitro with ELAH for 10 minutes at 37°C not only inhibited the disease symptoms typically caused by SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters but also concomitantly reduced the total RNA viral load and the subgenomic RNA compared with the control non-ELAH group. In vitro treatment of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 at 37°C for 10 minutes with 200 µg/ml ELAH inhibited replication in Vero E6 TMPRS-2 cells by 2 logs. To elucidate the mechanism of the action of ELAH, MRC-5 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of ELAH followed by infection with HCoV-229E. The data presented show that ELAH inhibited the cytopathic effects induced by the virus in MRC-5 cells. High-resolution electron microscopy of MRC-5 cells pretreated with ELAH prior to infection showed significantly reduced progeny virions on the surface of the infected cells. These results suggest that the primary mode of action of ELAH in MRC-5 cells is most likely due to the lack of attachment of the virus to the aminopeptidase N (APN) receptor, thus affecting the entry and subsequent replication of the virus in infected cells. The results presented in this study suggest that ELAH in nasal spray formula could be a promising virucidal agent for the prevention of coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infections through the nasopharynx.