bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extinction law in the inner 3 × 3 deg2 of the Milky Way and the red clump absolute magnitude in the inner bar-bulge
Authors: Sanders Jason L , Smith Leigh , González-Fernández Carlos , Lucas Philip , Minniti Dante 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The extinction law from 0.9 to 8 microns in the inner $3\times 3\deg ^2$ of the Milky Way is measured using data from VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea, GLIMPSE, and WISE. Absolute extinction ratios are found by requiring that the observed red clump density peaks at the GRAVITY collaboration distance to the Galactic centre. When combined with selective extinction ratios measured from the bulge giant colour–colour diagrams, we find an extinction law of $A_Z:A_Y:A_J:A_H:A_{K_s}:A_{W1}:A_{[3.6]}:A_{[4.5]}:A_{W2}:A_{[5.8]}:A_{[8.0]} =7.19(0.30):5.11(0.20):3.23(0.11):1.77(0.04):1:0.54(0.02):0.46(0.03):0.34(0.03):0.32(0.03):0.24(0.04):0.28(0.03)$ valid for low extinctions where non-linearities are unimportant. These results imply an extinction law from the Rayleigh Jeans colour excess method of $A_{K_s}=0.677(H-[4.5]-0.188)$. We find little evidence for significant selective extinction ratio variation over the inspected region (around $5\, \mathrm{per\, cent}$). Assuming the absolute extinction ratios do not vary across the inspected region gives an independent measurement of the absolute Ks magnitude of the red clump at the Galactic Centre of $(-1.61\pm 0.07)\, \mathrm{mag}$. This is very similar to the value measured for solar neighbourhood red clump stars giving confidence in the use of red clump stars as standard candles across the Galaxy. As part of our analysis, we inspect the completeness of PSF photometry from the VVV survey using artificial star tests, finding $90\, \mathrm{per\, cent}$ completeness at $K_s\approx 16 \, (17)$ in high (low) density regions and good agreement with the number counts with respect to the GALACTICNUCLEUS and DECAPS catalogues over small regions of the survey.
Twenty-year monitoring of the surface magnetic fields of chemically peculiar stars
Authors: Giarrusso M , Cecconi M , Cosentino R , Munari M , Ghedina A , Ambrosino F , Boschin W , Leone F 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Magnetic chemically peculiar stars of the main sequence can present rotational periods as long as many decades. Here we report the results of an observational campaign started in 2001 aimed at establishing these very long periods from the variability of the integrated magnetic field modulus, the so-called surface magnetic field Bs, as measured from the Zeeman splitting of the Fe ii 6149.258 Å spectral line. 36 stars have been monitored with various high-resolution spectrographs at different telescopes, totalling 412 newly collected spectra. To improve the phase coverage, we have also exploited all public archives containing high-resolution spectra, many not yet published. On the basis of these new Bs variability curves, we (1) confirm or revisit the periods of 24 stars, (2) extend the lower limits to the periods of HD 55719 (P &gt; 38 yr), HD 165474 (P &gt; 27 yr), and HD 177765 (P &gt; 37 yr), (3) establish for the first time the periods of HD 29578 (P = 10.95 yr), HD 47103 (P = 17.683 d), HD 150562 (P = 5.7 yr), and HD 216018 (P = 34.044 d), and (4) set lower limits to the periods of HD 75445 (P »14 yr), HD 110066 (P » 29 yr), HD 116114 (P &gt; 48 yr), and HD 137949 (P &gt; 27 yr). As to γ Equ, whose period must exceed 90 yr, we point out a clear decrease in the field modulus, the maximum of which coincides within the uncertainties with the minimum of the variation in the integrated longitudinal field.
Swift heavy ions irradiation of water ice at different temperatures: hydrogen peroxide and ozone synthesis and sputtering yield
Authors: Mejía C , de Barros A L F , Rothard H , Boduch P , da Silveira E F 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Water ices at 15 and 144 K were bombarded by swift heavy ions, 45.8 MeV 58Ni11 + and 606 MeV 64Zn26 +, to measure the induced chemical and physical effects. The column densities of water and the synthesized species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ozone (O3), were monitored via infrared spectroscopy. The formation and destruction cross-sections of precursor and products were determined and compared with literature. The H2O2 formation and destruction cross-sections reveal a linear dependence with electronic stopping power, σ ∝ Se. The sputtering yield (Y0) shows a power law with electronic energy lost, $Y_0\propto S_\mathrm{e}^2$, and an exponential increase with the sample temperature. The findings indicate that the radiolysis rate of water ice is higher at low temperatures while the desorption yield increases at higher temperatures. A large amount of water ice is located in the grain mantles of the circumstellar envelopes and the interstellar medium regions, which are exposed to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). The synthesis of H2O2 and O3 molecules as a function of absorbed doses of GCR irradiation and their irradiation time is analysed in detail. Besides, the extrapolation of the sputtering yield rates, as a function of time and temperature, for astrophysical conditions can contribute to a better understanding of non-thermal sputtering of water ices.
The DESI N-body Simulation Project – II. Suppressing sample variance with fast simulations
Authors: Ding Zhejie , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Yu Yu , Garrison Lehman H , Bayer Adrian E , Feng Yu , Modi Chirag , Eisenstein Daniel J , White Martin , Variu Andrei , Zhao Cheng , Zhang Hanyu , Meneses Rizo Jennifer , Brooks David , Dawson Kyle , Doel Peter , Gaztanaga Enrique , Kehoe Robert , Krolewski Alex , Landriau Martin , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Poppett Claire 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will construct a large and precise three-dimensional map of our Universe. The survey effective volume reaches $\sim 20\, h^{-3}\, \mathrm{Gpc}^{3}$. It is a great challenge to prepare high-resolution simulations with a much larger volume for validating the DESI analysis pipelines. AbacusSummit is a suite of high-resolution dark-matter-only simulations designed for this purpose, with $200\, h^{-3}\, \mathrm{Gpc}^{3}$ (10 times DESI volume) for the base cosmology. However, further efforts need to be done to provide a more precise analysis of the data and to cover also other cosmologies. Recently, the CARPool method was proposed to use paired accurate and approximate simulations to achieve high statistical precision with a limited number of high-resolution simulations. Relying on this technique, we propose to use fast quasi-N-body solvers combined with accurate simulations to produce accurate summary statistics. This enables us to obtain 100 times smaller variance than the expected DESI statistical variance at the scales we are interested in, e.g. $k \lt 0.3\, h\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ for the halo power spectrum. In addition, it can significantly suppress the sample variance of the halo bispectrum. We further generalize the method for other cosmologies with only one realization in AbacusSummit suite to extend the effective volume ∼20 times. In summary, our proposed strategy of combining high-fidelity simulations with fast approximate gravity solvers and a series of variance suppression techniques sets the path for a robust cosmological analysis of galaxy survey data.
Multi-wavelength studies of the X-ray binary MAXI J1727 − 203: constraining system parameters
Authors: Wang Sili , Kawai Nobuyuki , Shidatsu Megumi , Murata Katsuhiro , Hosokawa Ryohei , Hanayama Hidekazu , Horiuchi Takashi , Morihana Kumiko 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We report on the evolution of X-ray spectral and timing properties of the X-ray binary MAXI J1727 − 203 based on NICER/XTI and MAXI/GSC observations. Over the course of the outburst, a transition from the intermediate state to the high/soft state, and then back to the low/hard state was observed. During the high/soft state, the innermost radius estimated from the multi-colour disc model remained constant at $\sim 145.0\ (\frac{D}{10\ \mathrm{kpc}}) \ {(\frac{\cos i}{\cos 0^{\circ }})}^{-1/2}$ km, where D is the source distance and i is the inclination. Assuming that the binary system contain a Schwarzschild black hole and has an inclination angle of 0°–84°, and considering the typical Eddington ratio at the transition back to the low/hard state, the black hole mass was estimated to be M ≥ 11.5 M⊙ for a distance of D ≥ 5.9 kpc. We also attempted to constrain the black hole mass and distance with a different method by combining the results from optical and near-infrared photometric observations. We modelled the near-infrared to X-ray spectral energy distributions obtained in the outburst period with an irradiated disk model, and estimated the lower limit of the black hole mass for a given distance, assuming both accretion disk and companion star fill their Roche lobe. The lower limit was, however, found to be much higher than the constraint obtained from the X-ray data. We discuss several possible causes of this inconsistency. It is difficult to fully resolve the conflict by a single cause and hence a combination of causes is required.
Functional Diversity and Evolution of Bitter Taste Receptors in Egg-Laying Mammals
Authors: Itoigawa Akihiro , Hayakawa Takashi , Zhou Yang , Manning Adrian D. , Zhang Guojie , Grutzner Frank , Imai Hiroo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) are a sister clade of therians (placental mammals and marsupials) and a key clade to understand mammalian evolution. They are classified into platypus and echidna, which exhibit distinct ecological features such as habitats and diet. Chemosensory genes, which encode sensory receptors for taste and smell, are believed to adapt to the individual habitats and diet of each mammal. In this study, we focused on the molecular evolution of bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in monotremes. The sense of bitter taste is important to detect potentially harmful substances. We comprehensively surveyed agonists of all TAS2Rs in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) and compared their functions with orthologous TAS2Rs of marsupial and placental mammals (i.e., therians). As results, the agonist screening revealed that the deorphanized monotreme receptors were functionally diversified. Platypus TAS2Rs had broader receptive ranges of agonists than those of echidna TAS2Rs. While platypus consumes a variety of aquatic invertebrates, echidna mainly consumes subterranean social insects (ants and termites) as well as other invertebrates. This result indicates that receptive ranges of TAS2Rs could be associated with feeding habits in monotremes. Furthermore, some orthologous receptors in monotremes and therians responded to β-glucosides, which are feeding deterrents in plants and insects. These results suggest that the ability to detect β-glucosides and other substances might be shared and ancestral among mammals.
On the rate of phytoplankton respiration in the light
Authors: Bender Michael L , Zhu Xin-Guang , Falkowski Paul , Ma Fangfang , Griffin Kevin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The rate of algal and cyanobacterial respiration in the light is an important ecophysiological term that remains to be completely characterized and quantified. To address this issue, we exploited process-specific decarboxylation rates from flux balance analysis and isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis. Our study, based on published data, suggested that decarboxylation is about 22% of net CO2 assimilation when the tricarboxylic acid cycle is completely open (characterized by the commitment of alpha ketoglutarate to amino acid synthesis and very low rates of succinate formation). This estimate was supported by calculating the decarboxylation rates required to synthesize the major components of biomass (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) at their typical abundance. Of the 22 CO2 molecules produced by decarboxylation (normalized to net assimilation = 100), approximately 13 were from pyruvate and 3 were from isocitrate. The remaining six units of decarboxylation were in the amino acid synthesis pathways outside the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A small additional flux came from photorespiration, decarboxylations of six phosphogluconate in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and decarboxylations in the syntheses of lower-abundance compounds, including pigments and ribonucleic acids. This general approach accounted for the high decarboxylation rates in algae and cyanobacteria compared to terrestrial plants. It prompts a simple speculation for the origin of the Kok effect and helps constrain the photoautotrophic respiration rate, in the light, in the euphotic zone of the ocean and lakes.
Human IgE monoclonal antibody recognition of mite allergen Der p 2 defines structural basis of an epitope for IgE cross-linking and anaphylaxis in vivo
Authors: Khatri Kriti , Richardson Crystal M , Glesner Jill , Kapingidza Anyway Brenda , Mueller Geoffrey A , Zhang Jian , Dolamore Cole , Vailes Lisa D , Wünschmann Sabina , Peebles R Stokes , Chapman Martin D , Smith Scott A , Chruszcz Maksymilian , Pomés Anna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody is a critical effector molecule for adaptive allergen-induced immune responses, which affect up to 40% of the population worldwide. Allergens are usually innocuous molecules but induce IgE antibody production in allergic subjects. Allergen cross-linking of IgE bound to its high affinity receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils triggers release of histamine and other mediators that cause allergic symptoms. Little is known about the direct allergen–IgE antibody interaction due to the polyclonal nature of serum IgE and the low frequency of IgE-producing B cells in blood. Here, we report the X-ray crystal structure of a house dust mite allergen, Der p 2, in complex with Fab of a human IgE monoclonal antibody (mAb) isolated by hybridoma technology using human B cells from an allergic subject. This IgE mAb, 2F10, has the correct pairing of heavy and light chains as it occurs in vivo. Key amino acids forming the IgE epitope on Der p 2 were identified. Mutation of these residues ablated their functional ability to cross-link IgE in a mouse model of passive systemic anaphylaxis. These analyses revealed an important conformational epitope associated with the IgE antibody repertoire to a major mite allergen.
Association of the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansion With 1-Year Survival Among Patients With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bodurtha Smith Anna Jo , Applebaum Jeremy , Fader Amanda Nickles 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE:
The Affordable Care Act's (ACA) 2014 Medicaid expansion is associated with gains in insurance and early-stage diagnosis among patients with gynecologic cancer, but its association with mortality remains unknown. This study aims to assess whether the ACA's Medicaid expansion was associated with improved survival among patients with ovarian cancer.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, we compared 1-year survival before and after 2014 Medicaid expansion in patients aged 40–64 years in Medicaid expansion states (intervention group) to patients aged 40–64 years in non–Medicaid expansion states using a difference-in-difference analysis. Results were adjusted for age, comorbidities, treatment at an academic center, and variables associated with Medicaid insurance status (race, income, high-school education, distance traveled for care, and living in a rural area).

RESULTS:
Our sample included 19,558 patients with ovarian cancer: 9,013 in Medicaid expansion states and 10,545 in nonexpansion states. The ACA's Medicaid expansion was associated with increased 1-year survival among patients in expansion states compared with nonexpansion states (adjusted difference-in-difference 2.2%, 95% CI 0.4–4.1). After adding stage at diagnosis, the mortality difference between expansion and nonexpansion states was no longer evident. Medicaid expansion was associated with a significant improvement in 1-year survival for White patients (2.4%, 95% CI 0.4–4.4), but the difference was not significant for Black patients (1.3%, 95% CI −5.7 to 8.2) or rural patients (9.5%, 95% CI −8.0 to 26.9).

CONCLUSION:
The ACA's Medicaid expansion was associated with improvements in 1-year survival among patients with ovarian cancer, which was mediated by an earlier stage at diagnosis. Continued insurance expansion to nonexpansion states may improve survival and reduce disparities for patients with ovarian cancer.
Relugolix Combination Therapy for Uterine Leiomyoma–Associated Pain in the LIBERTY Randomized Trials
Authors: Stewart Elizabeth A. , Lukes Andrea S. , Venturella Roberta , Arjona Ferreira Juan-Camilo , Li Yulan , Hunsche Elke , Wagman Rachel B. , Al-Hendy Ayman 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effect of once-daily relugolix combination therapy (relugolix-CT: relugolix 40 mg, estradiol 1 mg, and norethindrone acetate 0.5 mg) compared with placebo on moderate-to-severe pain in women with uterine leiomyomas and heavy menstrual bleeding.

METHODS:
Two replicate, multinational, double-blind, 24-week, randomized, phase 3 studies (LIBERTY 1 and 2) were conducted in premenopausal women with uterine leiomyoma–associated heavy menstrual bleeding (80 mL or greater per cycle for two cycles or 160 mL or greater during one cycle). A predefined secondary objective was to determine the effect of relugolix-CT on moderate-to-severe uterine leiomyoma–associated pain in the pain subpopulation (women with maximum pain scores of 4 or higher on the 0–10 numerical rating scale at baseline, with pain score reporting compliance of 80% (ie, 28 days or more over the last 35 days of treatment). This key secondary endpoint was defined as the proportion of women achieving minimal-to-no uterine leiomyoma–associated pain (maximum numerical rating scale score 1 or lower) at week 24; menstrual and nonmenstrual pain were evaluated in prespecified secondary analyses. Treatment comparisons were performed in the pooled LIBERTY 1 and 2 pain subpopulation using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test stratified by baseline menstrual blood loss volume.

RESULTS:
Across both trials, 509 women were randomized to relugolix-CT or placebo (April 2017–December 2018). Of these, 277 (54.4%) met pain subpopulation requirements. With relugolix-CT, 45.2% (95% CI 36.4–54.3) of women achieved minimal-to-no pain compared with 13.9% (95% CI 8.8–20.5) with placebo (nominal P<.001). The proportions of women with minimal-to-no pain during menstrual days and during nonmenstrual days were significantly higher with relugolix-CT (65.0% [95% CI 55.6–73.5] and 44.6% [95% CI 32.3–57.5], respectively) compared with placebo (19.3% [95% CI 13.2–26.7], nominal P<.001, and 21.6% [95% CI 12.9–32.7], nominal P=.004, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
Over 24 weeks, relugolix-CT significantly reduced moderate-to-severe uterine leiomyoma–associated pain with a more pronounced effect on menstrual pain. These data support that relugolix-CT had clinically meaningful effects on women's experience of uterine leiomyoma–associated pain.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov: LIBERTY 1, NCT03049735; LIBERTY 2, NCT03103087.

FUNDING SOURCE:
Myovant Sciences GmbH.
Same-Day Compared With Overnight Cervical Preparation Before Dilation and Evacuation Between 16 and 19 6/7 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Kim Chi-Son , Dragoman Monica , Porsch Lauren , Markowitz Jess , Lunde Britt , Stoffels Guillaume , Dayananda Ila 
Published: June 2022

We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized noninferiority trial to compare same-day osmotic dilators plus misoprostol with overnight osmotic dilators alone for cervical preparation before dilation and evacuation (D&E) between 16 0/7 and 19 6/7 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was procedure time. The study was halted early owing to poor accrual. However, the median procedure time was 5.7 minutes in the same-day group compared with 4.2 minutes in the overnight group. The median absolute difference in procedure time was 1.5 minutes, which corresponded to a 35% increase in procedure time (relative difference 35%, one-sided 95% CI −Inf to 52%). Same-day cervical preparation with osmotic dilators plus buccal misoprostol before D&E may be a timely option.
Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03002441.
Folliculosebaceous Cystic Hamartoma With Prominent Adipose Tissue Resembling Spindle Cell Lipoma
Authors: Oulee Aislyn , Cassarino David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartomas (FSCH) are a rare form of cutaneous hamartoma composed of follicular, sebaceous, and mesenchymal elements. These lesions are most often seen in the central face and scalp and rarely exceed 2 cm in size. Here, we report a case of a folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma with a prominent adipose tissue component resembling a spindle cell lipoma. The patient is a 36-year-old man with a slowly enlarging, flesh-colored, lobulated lesion on his right ala that had been previously biopsied. The clinical differential included a hypertrophic scar or recurrent hamartoma. A full-thickness excisional biopsy was performed, which revealed prominent, large, irregularly shaped, folliculosebaceous structures, including multiple dilated follicles associated with prominent hyperplastic-appearing sebaceous glands, findings consistent with FSCH. The mesenchymal component contained a proliferation of spindle-shaped cells associated with mucin and thickened, ropey-appearing bundles of collagen, features mimicking a spindle cell lipoma. This combination of a folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma with prominent adipose tissue resembling spindle cell lipoma is unusual and has only been previously reported once in the literature, and therefore, our case contributes to the expanding knowledge of this rare variant of FSCH.
The Association Between Regional Macula Vessel Density and Central Visual Field Damage in Advanced Glaucoma Eyes
Authors: Ghahari Elham , Bowd Christopher , Zangwill Linda M. , Proudfoot James A. , Penteado Rafaella C. , Kyung Haksu , Hou Huiyuan , Moghimi Sasan , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: June 2022

Précis:
Both macular superficial vessel density and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness measurement are significantly associated with regional and global 10-degree central visual field (VF) sensitivity in advanced glaucoma.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the regional and global structure-function relationships between macular vessel density (MVD) assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and 10-2 VF sensitivity in advanced open angle glaucoma eyes.

Methods:
Macular OCTA and 10-2 VF sensitivity of 44 patients [mean deviation (MD) <−10 dB] were evaluated. Regional and global VF mean sensitivity (MS) was calculated from total deviation plots. Superficial and deep MVD were obtained from 3×3 and 6×6 mm2 OCTA scans using 2 sectoral definitions. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography macular GCC thickness was obtained simultaneously from the same scan as the MVD measurements. Linear regression models were used to assess the associations (R
2).

Results:
Lower MS was significantly associated with a reduction in superficial MVD and GCC in each region of both scan sizes for both maps. Associations were weaker in the individual sectors of the whole image grid than the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study map. Deep-layer MVD was not associated with central MS. Although 6×6 mm2 and perifoveal vessel density had better associations with central 10-degree MS compared with GCC thickness (eg, R
2 from 25.7 to 48.1 µm and 7.8% to 32.5%, respectively), GCC associations were stronger than MVD associations in the central 5-degree MS.

Conclusions:
Given a stronger MVD-central 10-degree VF association compared with GCC, as well as stronger GCC-central 5-degree VF association compared with MVD, MVD and GCC are complementary measurements in eyes with advanced glaucoma. A longitudinal analysis is needed to determine the relative utility of the GCC and MVD measurements.