bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zusammenhang zwischen selbstberichteter körperlicher
Aktivität gemäß nationaler Bewegungsempfehlungen und
mentaler Gesundheit Studierender
Authors: Müller Carsten 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungStudien haben wiederholt auf eine hohe Beschwerdelast Studierender hingewiesen
und Hochschulen veranlasst, sich zunehmend im studentischen
Gesundheitsmanagement zu engagieren, das darauf abzielt,
gesundheitsfördernde Strukturen zu entwickeln sowie individuelle
Ressourcen im Setting Hochschule zu fördern. Die körperliche
Aktivität und mentale Gesundheit Studierender stellen hierfür
Ansatzpunkte dar. International zeigen sich eindeutige Zusammenhänge
zwischen dem Bewegungsverhalten Studierender und der psychischen Gesundheit,
jedoch liegen bisher nur wenige nationale Erhebungen vor, was die
Übertragbarkeit auf die deutsche Hochschullandschaft
einschränkt. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, wie in dieser Zielgruppe die
aktuellen Bewegungsempfehlungen, bestehend aus den Kategorien
ausdauerorientierte körperliche Aktivitäten, Sitzzeiten und
muskelkräftigende Aktivitäten, mit verschiedenen Indikatoren
mentaler Gesundheit zusammenhängen.Im Sommersemester 2019 nahmen 4.244 Studierende an einer hochschulweiten Umfrage
teil. Neben dem Bewegungsverhalten wurden das Stresserleben erhoben und
Screenings auf Kernelemente einer depressiven und angstbezogenen Störung
sowie auf eine psychische Belastung durchgeführt. Positive Aspekte
mentaler Gesundheit wurden über eine Skala zur Beurteilung studentischen
Engagements erfasst. Als Assoziationsmaß wurden adjustierte Odds Ratios
unter Berücksichtigung soziodemografischer und behavioraler
Störvariablen berechnet.Sämtliche Kriterien der Bewegungsempfehlungen werden von 9,6% der
Studierenden erreicht. 48% der Befragten weisen ein hohes Stresserleben
auf und 29% gelten als psychisch belastet. Das Befolgen aller Kriterien
der Bewegungsempfehlungen ist mit signifikant geringeren Chancen für
psychische Belastungsindikatoren assoziiert, wobei der stärkste
Zusammenhang für depressive Symptome gefunden wurde. Studentisches
Engagement war nicht signifikant mit dem Erreichen der Bewegungsempfehlungen
assoziiert.Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die hohe psychische Belastung Studierender und
deuten das Optimierungspotenzial aus Sicht der Bewegungsförderung an.
Hochschulen sollten die Studienbedingungen und das Gesundheitsverhalten der
Studierenden systematisch und fortlaufend analysieren, um geeignete verhaltens-
und verhältnisorientierte Maßnahmen wie bewegungsorientierte
Lehre, Campusentwicklung und Ausbau des Hochschulsportangebots abzuleiten und zu
evaluieren.
Reconstruction of the Long Process of the Incus by Use of Glass Ionomer Cement: Our Experience
Authors: Ali Khaled Abd El Rahman , Ibrahim Maha Ahmed , Hussien Mohammed Ahmed , Dahy Khaled Gamal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most common causes of reversible conductive hearing loss which can lead to necrosis of the ossicles. The incus, especially its long process, is the most common ossicle affected.
Objectives The present study aims to assess the use of glass ionomer cement for the reconstruction of the long process of the incus.
Methods The present study was conducted on 27 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with central perforation with dry and quiescent ears with an eroded long process of the incus submitted to tympanoplasty. The audiological evaluations were done on all patients, including preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the air-bone gap; the average pure tone threshold was done 6 months postoperatively.
Results The average air pure tone threshold was 42.8 dB preoperatively and 22.5 dB postoperatively. The postoperative air pure tone thresholds were significantly smaller than the preoperative values (p < 0.01). The air-bone gap was 30.5 dB at 500 Hz, 31.6 dB at 1 KHz, and 24.1 dB at 2 kHz preoperatively, and 7.7 dB at 500 Hz, 7.2 dB at 1 KHz, and 7.1 dB at 2 kHz postoperatively at the end of 6 months of follow-up. There were significant hearing gains in the air-bone gap (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Glass ionomer cement is a useful and effective material for bridging the defect of the long process of the incus.
New insights on the factors affecting the heterogeneous kinetics of bulk Fe2O3 on the Earth: A molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Trong Dung Nguyen , Long Van Cao , Ţălu Ştefan 
Published: June 2022

This study aims to provide new insights into the influencing factors of the Earth (low temperature, depth, and annealing time) on the heterogeneous kinetics of bulk Fe2O3 by the molecular dynamics simulation method. The obtained results show that there is an influence of the low temperature corresponding to the temperature of liquefied gases, such as helium (4.212 K), nitrogen (77 K), argon (83.8058 K), oxygen (90 K), and carbon (194.5 K), the depth (h) of the Earth’s surface from h0 = 0 km to h5* = 6370 km that corresponds to the temperature (T) from T = 300 K to T = 7000 K and the pressure (P) from P = 0 GPa to P = 360 GPa, and then annealing time (t) (120 ps) on the heterogeneous kinetics of bulk Fe2O3, such as the Radial Distribution Function (RDF), Coordination Number (CN), angular distribution, number of structural units, size (l), and energy (E). When the temperature increases in the low temperature (T) region at zero pressure (P), the link length (r), RDF height, size, CN, and the number of structural units FeO4, FeO5, and FeO6 do not change significantly, but only the very large change in E serves as the basis for future research on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of semiconductor materials. When the depth (h) of the Earth’s surface and the thermal annealing time at different locations are increased, the characteristic quantities of dynamic dynamics change greatly, including the disappearance of FeO4 at depth h1 ≥ 17.5 km and the appearance of additional structural units FeO7, FeO8, and FeO9 at h3 ≥ 1742 km and FeO10 at h5 ≥ 5562.5 km.
Jordanian Arabic euphemizers in English translation
Authors: Al-Azzam Bakri , Al-Kharabsheh Aladdin , Al-Quran Majed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigates a special category of euphemism, i.e., euphemizers (Farghal 2012). It makes a key distinction between euphemism which is normally engineered to mitigate the impact of a certain specific expression in a structure through substituting it by a milder one, and euphemizer which is seen as a scene-setter for and an impact-softener of the entire topic or discourse in any given communicative situation. As far as the Politeness Principle (Leech 1983) and the Cooperative Principle (Grice 1975) are concerned, the study shows that euphemizers in Jordanian Arabic have been found to be exploited to generate particularized rather than generalized conversational implicatures or floutings as to achieve certain communicative politeness-related purposes, such as softening the overarching negative force of the entire discourse, soothing the fury of interactants, showing respect, high-esteem, friendliness, warmth, and hospitability. These purposes emerge as the raison d’être behind such a pervasive “socio-discoursal deodorization.” Analysis also shows that the pragmatic translation proved to be an appropriate, but to a large extent, a dominant strategy that has aptly been opted for in dealing with many cases that match with English, whereas the deletion or zero-translation strategy, to a lesser extent, has been applied to unmatchful ones.
Cultural semantics of the ‘salt’ word in Persian
Authors: Arab Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explicates the cultural conceptualizations of the word for salt (namak) in Persian. The concept ofnamakreveals an important aspect of Persian sociality, hospitality, mutual respect, and playfulness. For instance, a person’s face or words can be perceived to ‘have salt’, or one’s hand is declared to ‘not have salt’ in the Persian language. To examine the conceptualization ofnamak, this article makes use of corpus data as well as the metalanguage proposed by Natural Semantic Metalanguage to spell out the nuances of salt-related cultural concepts in Persian. Three senses are identified fornamakfrom a historical perspective:namak0for the substance of salt;namak1the cornerstone of Iranian sociality and hospitality; andnamak2the pleasantness, which has changed its semantic content from referring to being pleasant and eloquent to being amusing and playful.
Bit commitment as an introduction to quantum cryptography
Authors: Lethen Tim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes some of the drawbacks of Bennett & Brassard’s quantum key distribution protocol when used in an educational setting introducing components of quantum cryptography. We propose to utilize a quantum bit commitment protocol instead in order to avoid the outlined difficulties. Additionally, we present implementations of the latter protocol in two different programming paradigms which may either be used as a practical demonstration tool for holding a quantum bit ballot, or as a means to foster an in-depth understanding of the cryptographic protocol amongst pupils with a background in computer science.
Nanoarchitectonics for granular systems: in the case of disordered Mo–SiO
x
thin films
Authors: Hou Boyu , Liu Zhengyuan , Luo Bingcheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Granular systems composed of metallic granules embedded as artificial atoms in the insulating matrix, have been extensively studied over the last decade due to their importance for nanotechnological applications and fundamental research on disordered materials. However, fabrication of uniform granular systems with tunable functionalities is still challenging. Here, from a nanoarchitectonic perspective, we proposed a general fabrication approach which exploits the different oxygen affinity between involving chemical elements to realize granular systems. Such a routine was demonstrated in the prototypical Mo–SiO
x
granular systems when the Mo–Si alloy target was sputtered at room temperature under oxygen-poor conditions. This growth approach produces highly disordered Mo–SiO
x
granular thin films, which exhibit the tunable electronic behavior, and huge photo-response (I
L/I
D up to 107 at 100 K), over 100% external quantum efficiency (in the wavelength range of 500–750 nm) and a short response time (∼3 ms). Our work provides a new design principle for fabricating granular systems with tunable functionalities, which lays the foundation for understanding novel physical phenomena and rational design of multi-functional devices.
Demonstration of dynamical control of three-level open systems with a superconducting qutrit
Authors: Zheng Ri-Hua , Ning Wen , Yang Zhen-Biao , Xia Yan , Zheng Shi-Biao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We propose a method for the dynamical control in three-level open systems and realize it in the experiment with a superconducting qutrit. Our work demonstrates that in the Markovian environment for a relatively long time (3 μs), the systemic populations or coherence can still strictly follow the preset evolution paths. This is the first experiment for precisely controlling the Markovian dynamics of three-level open systems, providing a solid foundation for the future realization of dynamical control in multiple open systems. An instant application of the technique demonstrated in this experiment is to stabilize the energy of quantum batteries.
Preparation and characteristic analysis of carbon coated nanoscale SnO2 system: an integrated experimental and first principles approach
Authors: Shukla Nishant , Chetri Pawan , Ahmed Gazi A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A successful preparation of carbon coated (CC- SnO2)and uncoated (UC- SnO2) nanoscale SnO2 is achieved via cost-effective physicochemical method employing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the source of carbon. The idea of coating with carbon is to reduce agglomeration and investigate single particle properties. The resulting phase compositions of UC- and CC- SnO2 is characterized by XRD, Raman, TEM, UV–vis, photoluminescence, dielectric- spectroscopy and conductivity measurement. The carbon coated SnO2 finds advancement in its characteristic properties with versatility, like phase and material stability, increase in activation energy and reduction in agglomeration formation. The prepared CC- SnO2 suppresses the natural mode of vibration of SnO2 nanoparticles. Dielectric spectroscopy measurements show that the dielectric loss is more in UC- SnO2 than CC- SnO2 at all frequencies. The existence of carbon coating on SnO2 nanoparticles and its phenomenal characterizing behavior was verified by first- principles approach with investigation of the structural and electronic properties of SnO2, PVA, and their merged structures. A model has been used to observe the surface interaction effect between SnO2 and PVA for a defined geometry elucidated through variations in the density of states results. The reported method and investigations approached through the integrated technique provides conspicuous enrichment to the field.
Selection of photodetectors in nuclear medical imaging using MCDM methods
Authors: Ozsahin I. , Uzun B. , Ozsahin D.U. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Photodetectors used in nuclear medical imaging such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are an important element of radiation detection systems. Selecting the photodetector depends on many physical criteria including quantum efficiency (QE) and gain. The aim of this study is to apply multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods to determine the optimum photodetector based on the evaluation and comparison of complex and multiple criteria. The photodetectors investigated in this study are photomultiplier tube (PMT), avalanche photodiode (APD) and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). The bias voltage, gain, rise time, and QE were selected since they are considered as the key criteria for the photodetectors. Then, the corresponding values of each criteria were defined and preferred weights were assigned to each criteria based on the desired outcome. The fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods were used to evaluate the alternatives. The results showed that conventional PMT came first in the ranking, followed by SiPM, while APD was the least desirable photodetector according to the fuzzy PROMETHEE and fuzzy TOPSIS methods based on the selected criteria and assigned weights. MCDM methods were used to select photodetectors used in PET and SPECT systems. One can incorporate as many alternatives and criteria as needed and assign the weights accordingly.
CO2 fertilization of crops offsets yield losses due to future surface ozone damage and climate change
Authors: Leung Felix , Sitch Stephen , Tai Amos P K , Wiltshire Andrew J , Gornall Jemma L , Folberth Gerd A , Unger Nadine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is harmful to plant productivity and negatively impacts crop yields. O3 concentrations are projected to decrease globally in the optimistic Representative Concentration Pathway of 2.6 W m–2 (RCP2.6) but increase globally following the high-emission scenario under the RCP8.5, with substantial implications for global food security. The damaging effect of O3 on future crop yield is affected by CO2 fertilization and climate change, and their interactions for RCP scenarios have yet to be quantified. In this study, we used the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator modified to include crops (JULES-crop) to quantify the impacts, and relative importance of present-day and future O3, CO2 concentration and meteorology on crop production at the regional scale until 2100 following RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios. We focus on eight major crop-producing regions that cover the production of wheat, soybean, maize, and rice. Our results show that CO2 alone has the largest effect on regional yields, followed by climate and O3. However, the CO2 fertilization effect is offset by the negative impact of tropospheric O3 in regions with high O3 concentrations, such as South Asia and China. Simulated crop yields in 2050 were compared with Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) statistics to investigate the differences between a socioeconomic and a biophysical process-based approach. Results showed that FAO estimates are closer to our JULES-crop RCP8.5 scenario. This study demonstrates that air pollution could be the biggest threat to future food production and highlights an urgent policy need to mitigate the threat of climate change and O3 pollution on food security.
Tannin phenotyping of the Vitaceae reveals a phylogenetic linkage of epigallocatechin in berries and leaves
Authors: Brillouet Jean-Marc , Romieu Charles , Bacilieri Roberto , Nick Peter , Trias-Blasi Anna , Maul Erika , Solymosi Katalin , Teszlák Peter , Jiang Jiang-Fu , Sun Lei , Ortolani Danielle , Londo Jason P , Gutierrez Ben , Prins Bernard , Reynders Marc , Van Caekenberghe Frank , Maghradze David , Marchal Cecile , Sultan Amir , Thomas Jean-Francois , Scherberich Daniel , Fulcrand Helene , Roumeas Laurent , Billerach Guillaume , Salimov Vugar , Musayev Mirza , Ejaz Ul Islam Dar Muhammad , Peltier Jean-Benoit , Grisoni Michel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Condensed tannins, responsible for berry and wine astringency, may have been selected during grapevine domestication. This work examines the phylogenetic distribution of condensed tannins throughout the Vitaceae phylogenetic tree.

Methods
Green berries and mature leaves of representative true-to-type members of the Vitaceae were collected before ‘véraison’, freeze-dried and pulverized, and condensed tannins were measured following depolymerization by nucleophilic addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to the C4 of the flavan-3-ol units in an organic acidic medium. Reaction products were separated and quantified by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography/diode array detection/mass spectrometry.

Key Results and Conclusions
The original ability to incorporate epigallocatechin (EGC) into grapevine condensed tannins was lost independently in both the American and Eurasian/Asian branches of the Vitaceae, with exceptional cases of reversion to the ancestral EGC phenotype. This is particularly true in the genus Vitis, where we now find two radically distinct groups differing with respect to EGC content. While Vitis species from Asia are void of EGC, 50 % of the New World Vitis harbour EGC. Interestingly, the presence of EGC is tightly coupled with the degree of leaf margin serration. Noticeably, the rare Asian EGC-forming species are phylogenetically close to Vitis vinifera, the only remnant representative of Vitis in Eurasia. Both the wild ancestral V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris as well as the domesticated V. vinifera subsp. sativa can accumulate EGC and activate galloylation biosynthesis that compete for photoassimilates and reductive power.
The meaning and origin of goal-directedness: a dynamical systems perspective
Authors: Heylighen Francis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper attempts to clarify the notion of goal-directedness, which is often misunderstood as being inconsistent with standard causal mechanisms. We first note that goal-directedness does not presuppose any mysterious forces, such as intelligent design, vitalism, conscious intention or backward causation. We then review attempts at defining goal-directedness by means of more operational characteristics: equifinality, plasticity, persistence, concerted action and negative feedback. We show that all these features can be explained by interpreting a goal as a far-from-equilibrium attractor of a dynamical system. This implies that perturbations that make the system deviate from its goal-directed trajectory are automatically compensated—at least as long as the system stays within the same basin of attraction. We argue that attractors and basins with the necessary degree of resilience tend to self-organize in complex reaction networks, thus producing self-maintaining ‘organizations’. These can be seen as an abstract model of the first goal-directed systems, and thus of the origin of life.
Risk of pathogenic virus transmission by somatic cell nuclear transfer: implications for xenotransplantation
Authors: Denner Joachim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Using somatic cell nuclear transfer for the generation of cloned and transgenic animals bears the risk of transmission of viruses, either by the oocyte or by the introduced donor cell. There is evidence that the zona pellucida (ZP) surrounding the oocyte prevents virus infection; however, virus infections despite intact ZP were reported. Furthermore, the protective ZP has to be penetrated to place the somatic cell in the oocyte’s perivitelline space during SCNT. Transmission of viruses also represents a severe problem during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Genetically modified and IVF-produced pigs serve as an important biomedical model for numerous diseases and it is important to evaluate whether infections of the model animals can falsify the research data. Of special significance is this topic in the case of xenotransplantation using genetically modified pigs as donor animals, because transmission of porcine viruses may be harmful to the human recipient. This was repeatedly demonstrated in preclinical pig to non-human primate trials. Therefore, donor pigs, oocytes used for SCNT, and genetically modified donor cells should be screened for potentially zoonotic viruses when creating genetically modified pigs designed for xenotransplantation.
Sleep deprivation altered encoding of basolateral amygdala on fear acquisition
Authors: Feng Pan , Becker Benjamin , Zhou Feng , Feng Tingyong , Chen Zhiyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSleep deprivation (SD) may lead to the development of fear- and anxiety-related emotional disorders. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of SD on fear acquisition are unclear. Here, we tested whether and how SD influences the behavioral and neural manifestations of fear acquisition. We found that subjective fear ratings and objective fear indices (skin conductance response [SCR]) in the SD group were greater than those in the control group during fear acquisition, suggesting that SD facilitated fear acquisition (nSD = 18 and ncontrol = 23 for self-reported rating analysis; nSD = 10 and ncontrol = 10 for SCR analysis). Neuroimaging data showed that the SD group exhibited stronger activity in the left basolateral amygdala (BLA) and left superficial amygdala (SFA). Moreover, the left BLA activity, which positively correlated with the objective fear indices, significantly mediated the effect of SD on fear acquisition. Together, the present findings indicate that SD facilitates fear acquisition by augmenting threat-specific encoding in the BLA, which may be a potential biomarker of the risk of developing fear-related disorders under traumatic and distressing situations.