bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Time Delay in the Analysis of Serum Ionized Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium
Authors: Dash Prakruti , Tiwari Rajlaxmi , Nayak Saurav , Mangaraj Manaswini 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction Delay in the analysis of serum electrolytes along with clot contact time can lead to difference in results significant enough to affect clinical decisions. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of time lag between centrifugation and analysis on levels of serum sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium in a tertiary level health care set up.
Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 70 serum samples were analyzed for ionized calcium, sodium, and potassium under different conditions with respect to time lag and clot contact time. The analysis of ionized calcium was done on Eschweiler Combiline 2, a direct ion-selective electrode (ISE) analyzer. Serum sodium and potassium were analyzed on fully automated chemistry analyzer, which is an indirect ISE analyzer. The statistical analysis was done in IBM SPSS software version 21.
Results The results for intergroup comparison with different time lag and clot contact time between all the four groups for sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium were statistically significant, as obtained by application of Kruskal–Wallis test. There was consistent decrease in the concentration of sodium and ionized calcium, and an increase in serum potassium with increased delay in analysis and clot contact time.
Conclusion The accurate measurement of electrolytes is of paramount importance for the treatment and better prognosis of critically ill patients. This can be accomplished by better management of the preanalytical phase of analysis by maintaining a standard protocol in the laboratory and sample transportation.
Hematogones: The Supreme Mimicker and a Cytomorphological Confounder in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Singh Kanwaljeet , Tiwari Dwarika , Boddu Revanth , Somasundarum Venkatesan , Mishra Kundan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective B-lymphocyte progenitors, namely the hematogones (HGs), may pose problems in morphological assessment of bone marrow, not only during the diagnostic workup but also while evaluating bone marrow for remission status following chemotherapy. Here, we describe a series of 12 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that included both B-ALL and T-ALL cases, which were evaluated for remission status and revealed blast-like mononuclear cells in bone marrow in the range of 6 to 26%, which on immunophenotypic analysis turned out to be HGs.Materials and Methods This is a case series of 12 ALL cases who were undergoing treatment at the Army Hospital (Referral and Research), New Delhi. All these cases were under workup for post-induction status (day 28) and to check for suspected ALL relapse. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA), biopsy, and immunophenotyping were performed. Multicolored flow cytometry was performed using CD10, CD20, CD22, CD34, CD19, and CD38 antibodies panel.Results BMA assessment of 12 cases revealed a maximum of 26% blastoid cells and a minimum of up to 6%, raising the suspicion of hematological relapse. However, on clinical assessment, these patients were well preserved, with preserved peripheral counts. Hence, marrow aspirates were subjected to flow cytometry using the CD markers panel, as discussed above, which revealed HGs. These cases were followed by minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis that revealed MRD-negative status, further confirming our findings.Conclusion This case series highlights the importance of morphology and bone marrow immunophenotyping in unveiling the diagnostic dilemma in post-induction ALL patients.
Community antibiotic management of skin infections in the Torres Strait
Authors: Hempenstall Allison , Pilot Pelista , McDonald Malcolm , Smith Simon , Hanson Josh 
Published: October 2022

Background There is a high burden of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) – including cellulitis – among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples living in remote communities. In tropical environments, such as the Torres Strait, cellulitis accounts for 37% of potentially preventable hospitalisations. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, effectiveness and community acceptance of outpatient antibiotic treatment for the management of skin infections in the Torres Strait. Methods This was a 12-month prospective, observational study commencing in January 2019 involving 295 adults with a skin infection across the Torres Strait. Results Most (276/295 (94%)) participants were treated successfully in the community. Of 295 enrolled patients, 151 of 295 (51%) had cellulitis, 59 of 295 (20%) had a skin abscess and 85 of 295 (28%) had a wound infection. Of the 77 of 278 (27%) infections accompanied by systemic features, 63 of 77 (82%) were managed in the community. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent isolate, at 165 of 261 (63%); 56 of 165 (33%) were methicillin resistant. In the 276 community-managed cases, oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was initially used in 159 (57%), oral flucloxacillin in 75 (27%) and intravenous cefazolin plus oral probenecid in 32 (13%). The clinical course was complicated in eight of 232 (3%) patients who had complete follow-up data: seven patients required hospitalisation after initial treatment in the community and one had an antibiotic side-effect. All 232 patients with complete follow-up data were content with the care they received. Conclusions Outpatient management of skin infection in the Torres Strait is effective, safe and appreciated by patients.
Differences in game playability between healthy players and problematic players
Authors: Li Elena Carolina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Games played on mobile phones or tablets have become a serious game platform. In the new International Classification of Diseases in 2019, the WHO now includes video game disorder as a mental disease, this highlights the seriousness of game addiction which has now become a global problem. Game design may be one of the factors that affect game addiction. Game playability can be used to evaluate the game design and to determine the features that can cause game addiction. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between playability and game addiction, and a comparison of the difference in playability among healthy players (N = 1286) and problematic players (N = 278) that allows game developers to design games in ways that may reduce addiction while maintaining or improving playability. In this study, 1564 valid questionnaires that collected data about the Game Playability Scale and the Game Addiction Scale showed that (1) The level of playability in the problematic players was significantly higher than in healthy players. (2) The degree of correlation between playability and game addiction in the problematic players was lower than in healthy players. (3) Some playability factors and addiction factors are negatively correlated.
Imitation, focus of attention and social behaviours of children with autism spectrum disorder in interaction with
robots
Authors: Šimleša Sanja , Stošić Jasmina , Bilić Irena , Cepanec Maja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many studies have shown that using robot platforms can be effective for teaching children with autism spectrum
disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to compare performance on an imitation task, as well as focus attention levels and the
presence of social behaviours of children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children during an imitation task under two
different conditions, with robots and human demonstrators. The results suggested that TD children did not imitate more than
children with ASD. Children with ASD did not imitate the robot more than they imitated a person, but they showed more focused
attention to robots and expressed more social behaviours in interaction with the robots. Behaviours that were significantly more
present in ASD children than in TD children included touching the robot in the robot demonstrator condition and focusing on the
robot in the person demonstrator condition. This implies a possible preference of children with ASD towards robots rather than
towards people.
Postural control paradigm (BioVRSea): towards a neurophysiological signature
Authors: Aubonnet R , Shoykhet A , Jacob D , Di Lorenzo G , Petersen H , Gargiulo P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. To define a new neurophysiological signature from electroencephalography (EEG) during a complex postural control task using the BioVRSea paradigm, consisting of virtual reality (VR) and a moving platform, mimicking the behavior of a boat on the sea. Approach. EEG (64 electrodes) data from 190 healthy subjects were acquired. The experiment is composed of 6 segments (Baseline, PRE, 25%, 50%, 75%, POST). The baseline lasts 60 s while standing on the motionless platform with a mountain view in the VR goggles. PRE and POST last 40 s while standing on the motionless platform with a sea simulation. The 3 other tasks last 40 s each, with the platform moving to adapt to the waves, and the subject holding a bar to maintain its balance. The power spectral density (PSD) difference for each task minus baseline has been computed for every electrode, for five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and low-gamma). Statistical significance has been computed. Main results. All the bands were significant for the whole cohort, for each task regarding baseline. Delta band shows a prefrontal PSD increase, theta a fronto-parietal decrease, alpha a global scalp power decrease, beta an increase in the occipital and temporal scalps and a decrease in other areas, and low-gamma a significant but slight increase in the parietal, occipital and temporal scalp areas. Significance. This study develops a neurophysiological reference during a complex postural control task. In particular, we found a strong localized activity associated with certain frequency bands during certain phases of the experiment. This is the first step towards a neurophysiological signature that can be used to identify pathological conditions lacking quantitative diagnostics assessment.
Type Ia supernova Hubble diagrams with host galaxy photometric redshifts
Authors: Ruhlmann-Kleider V. , Lidman C. , Möller A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Systematic uncertainties associated to type Ia supernova (SN Ia) Hubble diagrams from
photometrically selected samples using photometric SN host galaxy redshifts are investigated. The
host redshift uncertainties and the contamination by core-collapse SNe are both addressed. As a
test case, we use the 3-year photometric SN Ia sample of the SuperNova Legacy Survey (SNLS),
consisting of 437 objects between 0.1 and 1.05 in redshift with 4.7% contamination. We combine
this sample with non-SNLS objects of the spectroscopic sample from the joint analysis (JLA) of the
SDSS-II and SNLS collaborations, consisting of 501 objects mostly below 0.4 in redshift. We study
two options for the origin of the redshifts of the photometric sample, either provided entirely
from the host photometric redshift catalogue used in the selection or a mixed origin where around
75% of the sample can be assigned spectroscopic redshifts from dedicated measurements or
external catalogues. Using light curve simulations subject to the same photometric selection as
data, we study the impact of photometric redshift uncertainties and contamination on flat
ΛCDM fits to Hubble diagrams from such combined samples. Our primary finding is that photometric
redshifts and contamination lead to biased cosmological parameters. The magnitude of the bias is
found to be similar for both redshift options. This bias can be largely accounted for if
photometric redshift uncertainties and contamination are taken into account when computing the SN
magnitude bias correction due to selection effects. To reduce the residual cosmological bias, we
explore two methods to propagate redshift uncertainties into the cosmological likelihood
computation, either by refitting photometric redshifts along with cosmology or by sampling the
redshift resolution function. Redshift refitting fails at correcting the cosmological bias
whatever the redshift origin, while sampling slightly reduces it in both cases. Finally, for
actual data, we find compatible results with those from the JLA diagram for mixed photometric and
spectroscopic redshifts, while the full photometric option is biased upwards, but consistent with
JLA when all statistical and systematic uncertainties are included.
Machine-learning-based prediction of parameters of secondaries in hadronic showers using calorimetric observables
Authors: Chadeeva M. , Korpachev S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The paper describes a novel neural-network-based approach to
study the distributions of secondaries produced in hadronic showers
using observables provided by highly granular calorimeters. The
response is analysed of the highly granular scintillator-steel
hadron calorimeter to negative pions with momenta from 10 to 80 GeV
simulated with two physics lists from the Geant4 package
version 10.3. Several global observables, which characterise
different aspects of hadronic shower development, are used as inputs
for a deep neural network. The network regression model is trained
using a supervised learning and exploiting true information from the
simulations. The trained model is applied to predict a number of
neutrons and energy of neutral pions produced within a hadronic
shower. The achieved performance and possible application of the
model to validation of simulations are discussed.
Viruses: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Viruses: A Very Short Introduction examines the recent rise in emerging virus infections, especially coronaviruses. It explores why SARS-CoV-2 was able to spread rapidly and cause a pandemic, as opposed to more localized epidemics. It also highlights the recent revolution in vaccine technology and other preventive measures for the management of future dangerous viruses that will undoubtedly emerge. This VSI provides a rounded and concise account of the nature of viruses, how they attack their hosts, and the efforts to control them. Viruses are everywhere and, as the COVID-19 pandemic has shown, cannot be ignored.
Emerging virus infections: arthropod-transmitted viruses
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses arboviruses, which are transmitted by biting insects that are small enough to remain undetected until the damage is done. These insects are not just passive carriers of the viruses but are required by the viruses to complete their life cycles. It describes how arboviruses spread widely, causing large epidemics in humans and domestic animals, with increasing morbidity and mortality and severe economic implications. The chapter highlights the transmission of arboviruses, which is directly affected by changes in vector population densities. Climate change and increased international travel have caused the emergence and re-emergence of several insect-borne viruses.
Emerging virus infections: the coronaviruses
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores coronaviruses, a family of large RNA viruses that in the past have mostly been ignored by medical virologists but were well known to veterinary practitioners and scientists. Up until 2002 coronaviruses were only known to cause mild infections in humans, such as the common cold. It points out how this family of viruses infects a wide range of mammals and birds, including farmed animals in which widespread epidemics have resulted in severe economic and financial loss. The chapter recounts the outbreak of atypical pneumonia that suddenly hit China in November 2002. The disease could be so severe that patients often required hospital admission and artificial ventilation.
Persistent viruses
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes how viruses fight a constant battle against host immunity. For most viruses there is just a small window of opportunity in which to reproduce and make a hasty exit before being wiped out by the formidable array of host defences. It describes how some viruses have evolved strategies for overcoming immune mechanisms and survive inside their host for prolonged periods, even for a lifetime. The chapter highlights the frequency with which viruses persist in their hosts after a variety of primary infections. Herpesviruses virtually always establish a lifelong relationship that usually does no harm to the host.
World Mythology
Authors: Leeming David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book treats myths from all parts of the word, first from a cultural and then from a more comparative perspective. How do myths of the ancient Egyptians or Greeks, for instance, reflect the realities of the Egyptian and Greek cultures? When compared, how do they reveal certain universal themes or motifs that point to larger transcultural issues, such as the place of the human species in creation or the nature of deity as a concept? This book is organized around the universal or near universal motifs: deities, creation, the flood, the trickster, and the hero. Myths from Greek, Egyptian, Norse, Native American, African, Polynesian, Jewish, Christian, Hindu, and other cultures are retold and treated as reflections of the cultures that “dreamed” them and then are compared and discussed in such a way as to expose universal significance, creating a world mythology.
Creation
Authors: Leeming David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Basic types of creation myth are treated here. The ex nihilo (from nothing) myth, for instance, emphasizes creation from the mind of the Creator (e.g., Yahweh/God/Allah) or creation from the words of the Creator (e.g., the Polynesian Io). The creation from chaos myth tells of creation from undifferentiated material such as cosmic eggs (e.g., the Dogon world egg). The world parents myth—creation from the sacrifice of the world parent(s) (e.g., the Chinese Pangu, the Indian Purusha, the Norse Ymir) often involves the separation of the two world parents, representing Earth and Heaven (e.g., the Polynesian Papa and Rangu, the Mesopotamian Apsu and Tiamat, the Egyptian Geb and Nut). In the earth diver myth an animal dives into the primordial waters to find soil that becomes Earth. This type is particularly prevalent among Native American tribes of the east (e.g., the Iroquoians). In the emergence-type myth, the people emerge from the World Mother (Earth). The birth metaphor is evident here. This myth type is almost exclusively southwestern Native American (e.g., Dine, Hopi) and in it goddesses play significant roles. The chapter undertakes to ask why we have creation myths. Why are they important for our sense of ourselves as cultures and as a species?
World mythology and cultural myths
Authors: Leeming David A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The place of myth in our world, in our collective and individual lives, is the subject of this concluding segment. How do the myths of our religious traditions affect the way we see ourselves and others? Is there an essential conflict between myth and reality? Do myths function significantly in secular societies? How are universal mythic themes utilized by societies? As noted in this conclusion, the defining characteristic of human beings may well be the ability to conceive of plot (what Aristotle called mythos)—that is, of narratives with beginnings, middles, and ends. By extension, humans, unlike other animal species, think and act in relation to the past, the present, and the future. Myths reveal a human need to describe and explain the world in narratives. Behind these narratives are several universal human questions. Where did we come from? Did someone create us? Are we sometimes punished by that being? Why is there evil in the world? Do we have a way of breaking out of the limitations on our lives?
Evil: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Russell Luke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvil: A Very Short Introduction explores the concept of evil from a philosophical and psychological perspective. The book considers whether evil is nothing more than an outdated myth or is a horrifyingly real feature of our world. If we believe that evil is real, then we need to explain the difference between evil actions and ordinary wrongdoing. Is evil beyond our comprehension? Do we see the essence of evil in the sadistic and malicious actions of serial killers, or should we instead recognize the banality of evil? Do all evildoers knowingly defy the rules of morality, or do some evildoers mistakenly believe that they are doing the right thing? By working through these philosophical disagreements, this book leads us towards a deeper understanding of extreme wrongdoing.
The horror and incomprehensibility of evil action
Authors: Russell Luke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile all evil actions are wrong, not all wrong actions are evil. This prompts us to ask what distinguishes evil actions from ordinary wrongdoing. Is there a special quality possessed only by evil actions? This chapter considers whether evil is different from ordinary wrongdoing in virtue of the distinctive feelings and reactions that evildoing evokes in victims and in witnesses. Should evil be defined as wrongdoing that evokes horror, or as wrongdoing that is incomprehensible? It is true that horror and some kinds of incomprehension are justified reactions to evildoing and to atrocities such as the Holocaust. However, if we define evil actions in terms of our reactions, our definition will be too subjective.
The banality of evil
Authors: Russell Luke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSome philosophers have claimed that there is no distinctive psychological feature that lies behind evil actions. Instead, they claim that evil actions can come from all kinds of motives. This fits with Hannah Arendt’s analysis of the trial of Adolf Eichmann and her claims about the banality of evil. If evil is not distinguished from ordinary wrongdoing via the distinctive psychology of the evildoer, we might suggest that evil actions are simply extremely harmful wrong actions. Yet what if some evil actions are failed attempts to inflict extreme harm? Could harmless acts of sadistic voyeurism also count as evil?
The war and after
Authors: Barr Charles 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter studies the wartime films of 1940s Britain. It starts with Goodbye Mr Chips (1939) and The Lion Has Wings (1939). For officials learning to use films as propaganda, Mr Chips seemed an ideal model, celebrating ‘British life and character’. The chapter then considers Love on the Dole (1941); The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943); In Which We Serve (1942); Millions Like Us (1943); The Way Ahead (1944); and The Way to the Stars (1945). It also studies I Know Where I’m Going (1945); The Wicked Lady (1945); Brief Encounter (1945); A Matter of Life and Death (1946); Great Expectations (1946); and The Third Man (1949).
Ealing and after
Authors: Barr Charles 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter assesses the productions of Ealing Studios at the end of the 1940s. It evaluates films such as Passport to Pimlico, Whisky Galore, and Kind Hearts and Coronets, all of which were shown in 1949. These three comedies can be seen as a kind of triptych: very meaningful for their first audience, offering three forms of fantasy enjoyment at a time of austerity and restrictions, and tapping deep into longer-term tensions in the culture. Better than any other block of films, Ealing’s output has come to evoke and represent the period. The chapter then considers the rise of the ‘New Wave’ films, the Carry On series, and Hammer horror.