bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital twin key technology on rare earth process
Authors: Yang Hui , Kuang Zhiqin , Zhu Jianyong , Xu Fangping , Nie Feiping , Sun Shuchen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDigital twin can be defined as a digital equivalent of an object of which it can mirror its behavior and status or virtual replicas of real physical entities in Cyberspace. To an extent, it also can simulate and predict the states of equipment or systems through smart algorithms and massive data. Hence, the digital twin is emerging used in intelligent manufacturing Systems in real-time and predicting system failure and also has introduced into a variety of traditional industries such as construction, Agriculture. Rare earth production is a typical process industry, and its Extraction Process enjoys the top priority in the industry. However, the extraction process is usually characterized by nonlinear behavior, large time delays, and strong coupling of various process variables. In case of failures happened in the process, the whole line would be shut down. Therefore, the digital twin is introduced into the design of process simulation to promote the efficiency and intelligent level of the Extraction Process. This paper proposes the techniques to build the rare earth digital twin such as soft measurement of component content, component content process simulation, control optimization strategy, and virtual workshop, etc. At the end, the validity of the model is verified, and a case study is conducted to verify the feasibility of the whole Digital twin framework.
Decreased NHE3 expression in colon cancer is associated with DNA damage, increased inflammation and tumor growth
Authors: Laubitz Daniel , Gurney Michael A. , Midura-Kiela Monica , Clutter Christy , Besselsen David G. , Chen Hao , Ghishan Fayez K. , Kiela Pawel R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDysregulation of intra- and extracellular pH in cancer contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling, favors cell migration, proliferation, and metastasis. Although the primary attention has been focused on the role of the ubiquitous Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHE1, the role of NHE3, the predominant apical isoform in colonic surface epithelium in the pathogenesis of colon cancer has not been investigated. Here, we show that NHE3 mRNA expression is significantly reduced in colorectal cancer patients and that low NHE3 expression is associated with poorer survival. Deletion of NHE3 in ApcMin mice evaluated at 15 weeks of age (significant mortality was observed beyond this time) led to lower body weights, increased mucosal inflammation, increased colonic tumor numbers, evidence of enhanced DNA damage in tumor surface epithelium, and to significant alteration in the gut microbiota. In the absence of the inflammatory and microbial pressors, ca. 70% knockdown of NHE3 expression in SK-CO15 cells led to reduced intracellular pH, elevated apical pH, dramatic differences in their transcriptomic profile, increased susceptibility to DNA damage, increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis and reduced adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. Our findings suggest that loss of NHE3 in the surface epithelium of colonic tumors has profound consequences for cancer progression and behavior.
Activation of recombinational repair in Ewing sarcoma cells carrying EWS-FLI1 fusion gene by chromosome translocation
Authors: Tanaka Kazuhiro , Suzuki Keiji , Miyashita Kaname , Wakasa Kentaro , Kawano Masanori , Nakatsu Yoshimichi , Tsumura Hiroshi , Yoshida Mitsuaki A. , Oda Shinya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChromosome translocation (TL) is an important mode of genomic changes underlying human tumorigenesis, the detailed mechanisms of which are, however, still not well understood. The two major modalities of DNA double strand break repair, i.e. homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), have been hypothesized. In a typical TL+ human neoplasm, Ewing sarcoma, which is frequently associated with t(11;22) TL encoding the EWS-FLI1 fusion gene, NHEJ has been regarded as a model to explain the disease-specific TL. Using comprehensive microarray approaches, we observed that expression of the HR genes, particularly of RAD51, is upregulated in TL+ Ewing sarcoma cell lines, WE-68 and SK-N-MC, as in the other TL+ tumor cell lines and one defective in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). The upregulated RAD51 expression indeed lead to frequent focus formation, which may suggest an activation of the HR pathway in these cells. Furthermore, sister chromatid exchange was frequently observed in the TL+ and MMR-defective cells. Intriguingly, ionizing irradiation revealed that the decrease of 53BP1 foci was significantly retarded in the Ewing sarcoma cell lines, suggesting that the NHEJ pathway may be less active in the cells. These observations may support an HR involvement, at least in part, to explain TL in Ewing sarcoma.
Aberrant expression of miR-133a in endothelial cells inhibits angiogenesis by reducing pro-angiogenic but increasing anti-angiogenic gene expression
Authors: Ahmed Suhail , Kurusamy Sathishkumar , David Ezra Leander Santhosh , Khan Kinza , Kalyanakrishnan Krithika , Ian-Gobo Miebaka , Kola Teja Manidhar , Wilkinson Robert N. , Kannappan Vinodh , Wang Weiguang , Gómez Manuel J. , Redondo Juan Miguel , Cotton James , Armesilla Angel L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAngiogenesis is a multi-factorial physiological process deregulated in human diseases characterised by excessive or insufficient blood vessel formation. Emerging evidence highlights a novel role for microRNAs as regulators of angiogenesis. Previous studies addressing the effect of miR-133a expression in endothelial cells during blood vessel formation have reported conflicting results. Here, we have assessed the specific effect of mature miR-133a strands in angiogenesis and the expression of endothelial angiogenic genes. Transfection of miR-133a-3p or -5p mimics in primary human endothelial cells significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and tubular morphogenesis of transfected cells. Screening of gene arrays related to angiogenic processes, and further validation by TaqMan qPCR, revealed that aberrant expression of miR-133a-3p led to a decrease in the expression of genes encoding pro-angiogenic molecules, whilst increasing those with anti-angiogenic functions. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of a collection of genes differentially expressed in cells harbouring miR-133a-3p, predicted decreased cellular functions related to vasculature branching and cell cycle progression, underlining the inhibitory role of miR-133a-3p in angiogenic cellular processes. Our results suggest that controlled delivery of miR-133a-3p mimics, or antagomirs in diseased endothelial cells, might open new therapeutic interventions to treat patients suffering from cardiovascular pathologies that occur with excessive or insufficient angiogenesis.
Electrokinetic Janus micromotors moving on topographically flat chemical patterns
Authors: Huang Tao , Misko Vyacheslav , Caspari Anja , Synytska Alla , Ibarlucea Bergoi , Nori Franco , Fassbender Jürgen , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Makarov Denys , Baraban Larysa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIonic and molecular selectivity are considered unique for the nanoscale and not realizable in microfluidics. This is due to the scale-matching problem—a difficulty to match the dimensions of ions and electrostatic potential screening lengths with micron-sized confinements. Here, we demonstrate a microscale realization of ionic transport processes closely resembling those specific to ionic channels or in nanofluidic junctions, including selectivity, guidance and flow focusing. As a model system, we explore electrokinetic spherical Janus micromotors moving over charged surfaces with complex charge distribution and without any topographical wall. We discuss peculiarities of the long-range electrostatic interaction on the behavior of the system including interface crossing and reflection of positively charged particles from negatively charged interfaces. These results are crucial for understanding the electrokinetic transport of biochemical species under confinement, have the potential to increase the precision of lab-on-chip-based assays, as well as broadening use cases and control strategies of nano-/micromachinery.
A latency‐reduced SC flip decoding algorithm for polar codes
Authors: Yang Dong , Mao Yinyou , Liu Xingcheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe successive cancellation flip (SC Flip) decoding algorithm was recently suggested for decoding polar codes, which could improve the performance of the frame error rate (FER). The performance of the SC Flip (SCF) decoding algorithm is strong, and its computational complexity tends to be the same as that of the SC decoder at medium to high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). However, the decoding latency of the SCF decoding algorithm is large. In this paper, a new method for detecting whether or not the flipped bit is correct is proposed. The proposed method makes a decision according to the changing log likelihood ratio (LLR) value caused by the flipped bit to ensure that the decoding process can be terminated in advance and the decoding latency is reduced. The simulation results show that the proposed Latency‐Reduced SCF decoding algorithm can decrease computational complexity and decoding latency, while also achieving similar decoding performance compared to its counterpart.
Suppression of third‐order harmonic current in transformerless MMC
Authors: Yadav Ankit , Singh Sri Niwas , Das Shyama Prasad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high voltage DC (HVDC) system can be effectively used for bulk power transmission. The MMC topology for the voltage source converter (VSC) has several advantages. In this work, the transformerless operation of MMC is explored. The internal dynamic of MMC can induce a third‐order zero‐sequence harmonic current. Its effect on the system is analysed, including the adverse impacts on energy requirement per arm and power transfer capability. The internal dynamic equations of the transformerless MMC configuration are derived, and two different controllers: the proportional‐resonant (PR) controller and proportional‐integral (PI) controller, were applied to suppress the unwanted third‐order current. The performance analysis of these controllers is presented and the results indicate that the controllers efficiently suppress the third‐order harmonic current. Moreover, the electromagnetic transient (EMT) models of MMC under different configurations have been developed on the real‐time digital simulator (RTDS) platform. An analysis of internal variables of the MMC is also included to ensure that the controller does not adversely affect the system. Lastly, the state‐space model is developed, and the stability is analysed.
Tidally induced spiral arm wraps encoded in phase space
Authors: Antoja T. , Ramos P. , López-Guitart F. , Anders F. , Bernet M. , Laporte C. F. P. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The impact of Sagittarius and other satellite galaxies such as the Large Magellanic Cloud on our Galaxy and in particular its disc is gradually being disclosed. Simulations tailored to the interaction of the Milky Way (MW) and Sagittarius show rings and spiral arms appearing in the Galaxy disc. However, spiral arms can also be induced by the bar or by disc instabilities.
Aims. We aim to study the dynamics of tidally induced spiral arms in the context of the different encounters with Sagittarius and determine their kinematic signatures in the shape of ridges and waves in angular momentum, similar to those detected with Gaia DR2.
Methods. We built toy models of the interaction between a host and a satellite galaxy using orbital integrations after a tidal distant encounter. We derived analytically the shape of the structures seen in phase space as a function of time for simple power-law potential models. We compared these models to a more realistic N-body simulation of the MW Sagittarius-like interaction and also to real data from Gaia DR3.
Results. As previously found, an impulsive distant tidal approach of a galactic satellite generates a kick in velocities that leads to a two-armed spiral structure. The arms are made of orbits in between their apocentres and pericentres, thus, they correspond to regions with average negative galactocentric radial velocity. The two-arm pattern rotates at an angular speed of ω − 1/2κ which depends on Galactocentric radius, thus causing winding with time range of 0.8–2.1 Gyr, respectively. This winding produces ridges in the R − Vϕ projection with alternating signs of VR and oscillations of VR in the LZ − ϕ space, similar to those observed in the Gaia data. The frequency of these kinematic features increases with time, offering a powerful means to infer the potential and the perturbation’s onset time and azimuthal phase. Fourier analysis allows us to date the impact times of simple models and even to date perturbations induced from subsequent pericentric passages that appear as simultaneous waves. For the MW, the Fourier analysis indicates a superposition of two different frequencies, confirming previous studies. Assuming that both are due to impulsive and distant pericentre passages, we find perturbation times < 0.6 Gyr and in the range of 0.8–2.1 Gyr. The latter is compatible with a previous pericentre of Sagittarius and would be associated to about four wraps of the spiral arms in the observed radial range.
Conclusions. Further work on the self-gravitating response of galactic discs and possible degeneracies with secular processes induced by the bar is necessary. Our study is a first step towards shedding more light on the elusive structure and dynamics of the spiral arms of the Galaxy.
An Observational Time Study of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Multidisciplinary Rounds
Authors: Gisondo Carly , Lawrence Christin , Cham Parul , Weiner Gary , Vartanian Rebecca J. , Ellsworth Lindsay 
Published: August 2022

Objective In this observational study, we aimed to describe the rounding structure in a high acuity neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to identify potential barriers to efficient multidisciplinary rounds.
Study Design We observed daily medical rounds (January–December 2018) on the resident teaching service in a 46-bed academic level IV NICU. Daily census, duration of rounds, and causes for rounding delays were recorded. During a subset of the study period, additional data were collected describing the time spent on specific activities and the room-to-room pathway followed by the rounding team. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the census, total rounding time, time spent on each activity, and rounding time by day of the week and by attending.
Results A total of 208 rounding days were observed. During the study period, the teaching service mean daily census was 17 patients and total rounding time (mean ± standard deviation) was 136 ± 31 minutes. Mean rounding time and time/patient varied between the nine attendings (total time range 109 minutes to 169 minutes, time/patient range 6.4 minutes/patient to 10.0 minutes/patient). In total, 91% of rounding time focused on patient care, teaching, and discussions with parents, while 9% of the time was spent deciding which patient to see next, moving between rooms, and waiting for members of the team to be ready to start rounds.
Conclusion On average, the medical team spent over 2 hours per day making multisciplinary rounds in the NICU with substantial variation between attending providers. While most time was spent on patient care, teaching, and talking with parents, we identified opportunities to improve rounding efficiency.
Key Points
Providing Positive End-Expiratory Pressure during Neonatal Resuscitation: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Bellos Ioannis , Pillai Anish , Pandita Aakash 
Published: August 2022

Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of administering positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during neonatal resuscitation at birth. Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were systematically searched from inception to 15 December 2020. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were held eligible. Studies were included if they compared the administration of PEEP using either a T-piece resuscitator or a self-inflating bag with a PEEP valve versus resuscitation via a self-inflating bag without a PEEP valve. Data were extracted by two reviewers independently. The credibility of evidence was appraised with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. Random-effects models were fitted to provide pooled estimates of risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, 10 studies were included, comprising 4,268 neonates. This included five randomized controlled trials, one quasi-randomized trial, and four cohort studies. The administration of PEEP was associated with significantly lower rates of mortality till discharge (odds ratio [OR]: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49–0.74, moderate quality of evidence). The association was significant in preterm (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46–0.69) but not in term (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.52–2.02) neonates. Low-to-moderate quality evidence suggests that providing PEEP during neonatal resuscitation is associated with lower rates of mortality in preterm neonates. Evidence regarding term neonates is limited and inconclusive. Future research is needed to determine the optimal device and shed more light on the long-term effects of PEEP administration during neonatal resuscitation. This study is registered with PROSPERO with registration number: CRD42020219956.
Key Points
Management of Complex Upper Extremity Trauma with Associated Vascular Injury
Authors: Mahajan Ravi K. , Srinivasan Krishnan , Jain Adish , Bhamre Abhishek , Narayan Udit , Sharma Manish 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Combined soft tissue and vascular injuries of the upper extremity pose several challenges at once to the plastic surgeon. Many decisions have to be taken urgently that will influence the salvage or amputation of the affected extremity. The aim of this article was to provide an evidence-based outline for the management of such injuries. Learning objectives of this article are as follows: (1) approach to a patient with upper extremity composite tissue and vascular injury presenting to the emergency, (2) decision-making as to when to salvage and when to go for amputation of the traumatized upper extremity, (3) role of imaging in emergency situation, (4) role of fasciotomy, (5) intraoperative sequencing of steps, and (6) options for vascular reconstruction and the flaps used for coverage. After reading this article, the reader should have a clear understanding of the management of vascular injury in a patient with composite defects of upper extremity.
SARS-CoV-2 variant spike and accessory gene mutations alter pathogenesis
Authors: McGrath Marisa E. , Xue Yong , Dillen Carly , Oldfield Lauren , Assad-Garcia N. , Zaveri Jayshree , Singh Natasha , Baracco Lauren , Taylor Louis J. , Vashee Sanjay , Frieman Matthew B. 
Published: August 2022

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health crisis. Despite the development and deployment of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pandemic persists. The continued spread of the virus is largely driven by the emergence of viral variants, which can evade the current vaccines through mutations in the spike protein. Although these differences in spike are important in terms of transmission and vaccine responses, these variants possess mutations in the other parts of their genome that may also affect pathogenesis. Of particular interest to us are the mutations present in the accessory genes, which have been shown to contribute to pathogenesis in the host through interference with innate immune signaling, among other effects on host machinery. To examine the effects of accessory protein mutations and other nonspike mutations on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, we synthesized both viruses possessing deletions in the accessory genes as well as viruses where the WA-1 spike is replaced by each variant spike gene in a SARS-CoV-2/WA-1 infectious clone. We then characterized the in vitro and in vivo replication of these viruses and compared them to both WA-1 and the full variant viruses. Our work has revealed that the accessory proteins contribute to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the nonspike mutations in variants can contribute to replication of SARS-CoV-2 and pathogenesis in the host. This work suggests that while spike mutations may enhance receptor binding and entry into cells, mutations in accessory proteins may alter clinical disease presentation.
Possible unconventional order parameter in single crystals of SrPt3P superconductor
Authors: Cho Kyuil , Teknowijoyo S , Ghimire S , Krenkel E H , Tanatar M A , Zhigadlo N D , Kong S , Kovnir K , Prozorov R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anisotropic properties of single crystals of SrPt3P were studied using London penetration depth and electrical resistivity measurements. The upper critical field,

H

c
2

(
T
)

, was determined from four-probe electrical resistivity measurements for three orthogonal directions of a magnetic field with respect to the crystal. The London penetration depth,

λ
(
T
)

, was determined from the magnetic susceptibility of the Meissner–London state measured using a tunnel-diode resonator technique. Whereas

H

c
2

(
T
)

and the normal-state

ρ
(
T
)

are practically identical for all three magnetic field orientations, the London penetration depth shows significant unidirectional anisotropy. The low-temperature

λ
(
T
)

is exponentially attenuated when a small excitation radiofrequency magnetic field, H

rf
, is applied along the

c

′
′

-direction, in which case screening currents flow in the

a

′
′

b

′
′

-plane, while for the other two orientations,

H

r
f

∥

a

′
′

and

H

r
f

∥

b

′
′

, the London penetration depth shows a much stronger,

λ
(
T
)
∼

T

2

, variation. Such unusual and contrasting behavior of the two anisotropies,

γ

H

T

=

H

c
2
,
a
b

/

H

c
2
,
c

=

ξ

a
b

/

ξ

c

and

γ

λ

T

=

λ

c

/

λ

a
b

, imposes significant constraints on the possible order parameter. Although our measurements are insufficient to derive conclusively the superconducting gap anisotropy, the order parameter with two point nodes and a modulation in the perpendicular direction is qualitatively consistent with the experimental observations.
A trajectory similarity-based method to evaluate GNSS kinematic precise positioning performance with a case study
Authors: Li Siqi , Chen Qijin , Niu Xiaoji , Fan Jing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is a lack of effective testing methods to evaluate high-precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS) kinematic positioning solutions, such as GNSS real-time kinematic (RTK) or post-processed kinematic (PPK), with centimeter-level accuracy. Current methods either process static GNSS data in kinematic mode to perform a pseudo-kinematic test or use a precise motion table to make a real-kinematic test but within a very limited travel distance. This study proposes a trajectory similarity method by moving a track trolley platform along a railway track, which can match the GNSS positioning trajectory and the pre-surveyed reference track. The GNSS trajectory offsets from the reference track along the cross-track and vertical directions are regarded as GNSS kinematic positioning errors. Lever-arm compensation is applied to achieve millimeter-level accuracy for this evaluation method. A case study was conducted to evaluate the positioning performance of the Global Positioning System/BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (GPS/BDS) PPK using the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method can provide a reference trajectory on the order of a few millimeters, which is sufficiently accurate even for PPK positioning performance evaluation and error source tracing in wide regions. In this case, cycle slips as small as 10 cm in the carrier phase measurements can be detected and studied based on the proposed method.