bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the HFA‐PEFF Score: results from the prospective DIAST‐CHF cohort
Authors: Hashemi Djawid , Mende Meinhard , Trippel Tobias D. , Petutschnigg Johannes , Hasenfuss Gerd , Nolte Kathleen , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph , Feuerstein Anna , Langhammer Romy , Tschöpe Carsten , Pieske Burkert , Wachter Rolf , Edelmann Frank 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsAlthough the number of patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) increases, the routine diagnosis remains a challenge. In the absence of a pathognomonic sign for HFpEF or specific treatment strategies, a prognosis‐based characterization of suspected patients remains promising for both the risk stratification of the patients and a disease definition. The Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology has introduced an algorithm with different levels of likelihood regarding the diagnosis of HFpEF, the HFA‐PEFF score. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of this algorithm in a large cohort regarding mortality, symptom burden, and the functional status.Methods and resultsDIAST‐CHF is a multicentre, population‐based, prospective, observational study in subjects with at least one risk factor for HFpEF between the age of 50 and 85. We calculated the HFA‐PEFF score (n = 1668) and analysed the risk groups for overall mortality, cardiovascular hospitalization, and submaximal functional capacity (6‐min walk distance) at baseline and after a follow‐up period of 10 years. Patients with high HFA‐PEFF score values 5&6 showed a higher mortality than those with an intermediate score (score values 2–4) and low score values (high 21.3% vs. intermediate 10.1% vs. low 4.3%, P < 0.001). Also, the burden of MACE (death, cardiovascular hospitalization, new myocardial infarction, first diagnosis of HF) was increased in the high score values group (high 40.7% vs. intermediate 25.9% vs. low 13.9%, P < 0.001). Similarly, patients with higher scores had higher cumulative incidences of cardiovascular hospitalizations (P = 0.011). Subjects with higher scores also had lower 6‐min walk distance both at baseline and during follow‐up.ConclusionsThe HFA‐PEFF score provides a reliable instrument to stratify suspected HFpEF patients by their risk for mortality, symptom burden, and functional status in cohort at risk with a follow‐up period of 10 years. As high HFA‐PEFF scores are associated with worse outcome, the HFA‐PEFF algorithm describes a defining approach towards HFpEF.
Clustering Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oil According to Sensory Profile, Volatile Compounds, and k‐Mean Algorithm
Authors: Cecchi Lorenzo , Parenti Alessandro , Bellumori Maria , Migliorini Marzia , Mulinacci Nadia , Guerrini Lorenzo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA real valorization of monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) through diverse sensory profiles is missing, hindering different uses of samples with different sensory profiles and leading to negative impacts on EVOO competitions and consumer choices. The aim of this research is to group monovarietal EVOOs according to similar sensory and chemical profiles. The volatile and phenolic composition and the sensory profile of 46 monovarietal EVOOs are analyzed by head space‐solid phase micro extraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, HPLC‐DAD, and Panel Test; the data are used to feed a k‐mean algorithm aimed at samples clustering. A group of non‐monovarietal samples is also included. It is hypothesized that samples of a cultivar are located in a cluster, while non‐monovarietal samples are randomly located in different clusters. Two clusters of samples are identified; all samples belonging to a specific cultivar are in the same cluster and the non‐monovarietal ones randomly placed in the two clusters. The significant attributes in differentiating between the two clusters belong to sensory descriptors and volatile compounds; phenolic compounds do not give significant differentiation. All sensory descriptors result in prevalence in one cluster. The two clusters are differentiated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originating by different branches of the lipoxygenase‐pathway.Practical Applications: The results of this research will help toward a real valorization of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs), and particularly, the monovarietal ones. In this sense, the results clearly suggest the use of an adequate profile sheet for the definition of the sensory profile of monovarietal EVOOs. By this way, during EVOO competitions, samples with a certain type of sensory profile will compete against samples with the same type of sensory profile, just as it happens for other types of products.
Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic study on biosorption of indigo carmine using Hypnea musciformis algae
Authors: Pujari Murali , Srikanth Komarabathina , Sunil Killi , Arya Adarsh Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work investigated the potentiality of Hypnea musciformis algae as a biosorbent for the removal of indigo carmine dye from synthetic solution. The sorption experiments were performed in batch mode under different parametric conditions like pH, contact time, the average particle size of biosorbent and its dosage, dye solution initial concentration, and temperature. The experimental results confirmed the optimum contact time is at least 25 min and favorable pH of 5 for the biosorption of carmine dye. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms have been used to test the equilibrium data and found the best fit with the Freundlich isotherm with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.992 followed by Langmuir (R2 = 0.979) and Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.94). The analysis of kinetic data revealed Pseudo first order as the best fit. The thermodynamic parameter evaluated confirmed the endothermic nature of indigo carmine dye biosorption process.
Biogeomorphic recovery of a river reach affected by mining
Authors: Dawson Martin , Gurnell Angela , Lewin John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnvironmental changes are impacting river systems worldwide. These arise from factors such as flood magnitude–frequency changes, direct human management interventions, inadvertent human impacts on sediment supply and fluvial regimes and landscape‐scale changes in climate. Historical and active metal mining is significant in this regard. Here, we investigate morphodynamic changes within a reach of the River Ystwyth, Wales, since 1845. We analyse historical and contemporary information derived from maps, river flow records (1962–2021), metal analyses of sediment samples (1970s and 2021), ground geomorphological surveys (1970s and 1986–1987) and remotely sensed imagery (2001–2021) to investigate changes during a period of active metal mining followed by a century of post‐mining recovery. During the studied period, an initially meandering river was transformed into a braided one, subsequently reverting to a single sinuous channel. Sinuosity reduced from 1.31 in 1845 to 1.09 in 1982 before recovering to 1.39 in 2019. Inversely, the braiding index reduced from a maximum of 2.0 in 1987 to 1.5 in 2021. Evolution in planform was associated with a change from expansive bar formation and avulsion under braided conditions to lateral bar accretion and associated bank erosion along a sinuous single channel. The initial 19th‐century channel pattern and floodplain instability seems to have been related to mining sediment toxicity effects rather than a response to high sediment volumes, with recent recovery and channel style reversion being attributable to vegetation encroachment and biomass stabilization of the floodplain. Causal factors of recent recovery appear to be colonization by gorse (Ulex europeaus) in the absence of physical control measures and a reduction in grazing by the native rabbit population because of a disease‐induced decline in their numbers. These results highlight the importance of riparian vegetation in addition to sediment balance and hydrological processes in controlling fluvial responses to environmental changes.
Reactive microglia are the major source of tumor necrosis factor alpha and contribute to astrocyte dysfunction and acute seizures in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Henning Lukas , Antony Henrike , Breuer Annika , Müller Julia , Seifert Gerald , Audinat Etienne , Singh Parmveer , Brosseron Frederic , Heneka Michael T. , Steinhäuser Christian , Bedner Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtensive microglia reactivity has been well described in human and experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). To date, however, it is not clear whether and based on which molecular mechanisms microglia contribute to the development and progression of focal epilepsy. Astroglial gap junction coupled networks play an important role in regulating neuronal activity and loss of interastrocytic coupling causally contributes to TLE. Here, we show in the unilateral intracortical kainate (KA) mouse model of TLE that reactive microglia are primary producers of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and contribute to astrocyte dysfunction and severity of status epilepticus (SE). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed pronounced and persistent microglia reactivity, which already started 4 h after KA‐induced SE. Partial depletion of microglia using a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor prevented early astrocyte uncoupling and attenuated the severity of SE, but increased the mortality of epileptic mice following surgery. Using microglia‐specific inducible TNFα knockout mice we identified microglia as the major source of TNFα during early epileptogenesis. Importantly, microglia‐specific TNFα knockout prevented SE‐induced gap junction uncoupling in astrocytes. Continuous telemetric EEG recordings revealed that during the first 4 weeks after SE induction, microglial TNFα did not significantly contribute to spontaneous generalized seizure activity. Moreover, the absence of microglial TNFα did not affect the development of hippocampal sclerosis but attenuated gliosis. Taken together, these data implicate reactive microglia in astrocyte dysfunction and network hyperexcitability after an epileptogenic insult.
Characterizing critical predictors of an academic career following head and neck fellowship in otolaryngology
Authors: Suresh Neeraj V. , Xu Mary Jue , Harris Jacob , Balar Eesha , Barrette Louis‐Xavier , Chorath Kevin T. , Moreira Alvaro G. , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, graduating head and neck (HN) fellows outpace available academic HN positions, resulting in a highly competitive job market. We identified factors that associate with full‐time academic HN positions post‐HN fellowship.MethodsGraduates of American Head and Neck Society (AHNS)‐accredited fellowships from 2005 to 2017 (n = 356) were extracted from the AHNS website.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2017, the supply–demand mismatch for academic HN jobs improved. Of the 57.3% (n = 204) of graduating HN fellows who entered academia, 64% (n = 130) trained at just 10 fellowship institutions, 47% (n = 94) attended OHNS residency at an NIH top 40 funded institution, and 54% (n = 111) attended OHNS residency at an AHNS‐accredited institution offering HN fellowship. After multivariate regression, number of manuscripts (OR = 1.14; p = 0.01) was significantly associated with initial academic job post‐fellowship.ConclusionThe recent improvement in supply–demand mismatch for academic jobs is promising for future HN fellows interested in academia.
Acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of smartphone‐based delivery of written educational materials in Iranian patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized control trial study
Authors: Nikraftar Fahimeh , Heshmati Nabavi Fatemeh , Dastani Mostafa , Mazlom Seyed Reza , Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsProviding education to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the crucial roles of nurses and, there are various education methods for these patients. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of smartphone‐based delivery (SPBD) of written educational materials in Iranian patients with CAD.MethodsA total of 104 patients with CAD who were admitted to the cardiovascular unit of a large hospital in the northeast of Iran were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. When the standard educational content was provided, educational materials were delivered to the intervention group using a SPBD and to the control group using the routine print delivery (PD). The authors investigated the usability in the postintervention phase and information satisfaction and medication self‐efficacy in the pre‐ and postintervention phases.ResultsThe mean age and the standard deviation of “patients” age in SPBD and PD groups was 51.8 ± 1.1 and 52.7 ± 1.3 years, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of mean information satisfaction score (p = 0.726); however, the information satisfaction score was significantly higher in the SPBD group than PD group after the intervention (p = 0.012). The findings showed no statistically difference between two groups in terms of usability score (p > 0.05). The two groups were homogenous in terms of the mean medication self‐efficacy score in the preintervention phase (p = 0.987); however, it was significantly higher in SPBD group than PD group in the postintervention phase (p = 0.045).ConclusionThe SPBD method had the same usability as the PD method and at the same time this method was more effective in promoting medication self‐efficacy. Therefore, SPBD could be used to educate patients with CAD and their caregivers and have appropriate effectiveness and acceptability among the Iranian population.
Metamorphism observation and model of snow from summit, Greenland under both positive and negative temperature gradients in a micro computed tomography
Authors: Li Yuan , Baker Ian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree sets of snow specimens with different initial densities ranging from 311 to 486 kg m−3, which were collected from depths of 7, 40 and 57 cm at Summit, Greenland (72°35′ N, 38°25′ W) in June 2017, were subjected to the temperature gradient (TG) of ~160 K m−1 in opposing directions. The snow metamorphism was characterized using both X‐ray micro computed tomography and optical microscopy. The formation of depth hoar is evident as the snow grains transformed from the initial approximately rounded particles to needles, broad‐plates, columns and cup‐shapes. The de‐densification process of snow is also reflected in various microstructural parameters, viz., the density and the structure thickness (the feature size of ice particle) generally decreased with time, while the area‐equivalent circle diameter (the feature size of pore), the total porosity, the specific surface area and the structure model index (a measure of convexity/concavity of ice surface) increased. Based on an ice‐sphere pair of equal size, a vapour transport model, which depends on the initial particle radius, , and the ratio of the initial particle‐bond radius to the initial particle radius, , was constructed to simulate the main characteristics of change in the density with time under the TG metamorphism. We found critical values of = 0.1 mm and = 0.1 that determine how fast the geometric coefficient, (a tuning parameter used in this model at the cone angle between the two ice spheres), changes. We propose a conceptual model in which an ice‐sphere pair can be regarded as a volume element of morphogenesis of depth hoar. This model can be used to explain the formation of the needle‐like, broad‐plate and column depth hoar by combining particle‐by‐particle with inter‐layer vapour transport.
Development of a nomogram for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Simeng , Zhao Jing , Zhao Hongqin , Hu Yan , Zhu Haiyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a nomogram for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsThis was a retrospective study that included 715 patients with cervical SCC who underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy between 2009 and 2018. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for pelvic LNM. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram predicting LNM risk was constructed and internally validated using the bootstrapping resampling method.ResultsThe rate of LNM in FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology & Obstetrics) Stage IA2–IIA2 cervical SCC was 24.2%. In multivariate analysis, FIGO Stage II, moderately differentiated or poorly differentiated histology, abnormally elevated serum SCC‐antigen, and triglyceride were identified as independent risk factors for LNM. Tumor size greater than 2 cm and parametrial involvement had borderline significance. Ultimately, the nomogram contained the six variables mentioned above, showing positive calibration and positive discrimination. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curvewas 0.827 and the bootstrap‐validated C‐index was 0.827. The Youden index of this paper was 0.540.ConclusionsWe developed and validated a nomogram to predict pelvic LNM in SCC based on clinical data, which can help physicians develop an optimal treatment strategy.
DAU‐Net: An unsupervised 3D brain MRI registration model with dual‐attention mechanism
Authors: Yang Tiejun , Bai Xinhao , Cui Xiaojuan , Gong Yuehong , Li Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMedical image registration plays an important role in clinical treatment. However, the convolution‐based registration frameworks fail to address the local excessive deformation between images. Furthermore, the folding point in the displacement vector field (DVF) reduces the reliability of registration results. In this study, we propose a dual‐attention mechanism‐based U‐shaped registration framework (dubbed DAU‐Net). Firstly, the multi‐scale attention mechanism is introduced to extract the long‐range dependence to deal with the local excessive deformation. Then, the channel attention mechanism is proposed to enhance the information fusion between channels, which not only fuses the features between different layers in the dual‐attention network but also improves the non‐linear mapping ability of the registration network. In the end, the objective function with the folding penalty regularization term is designed to improve the smoothness of the DVF. The model is evaluated on LPBA40 and Mindboggle101 open datasets. The registration accuracy in LPBA40 and Mindboggle101 datasets has been increased by 2.9% and 3.1%, respectively, while the folding rate is reduced by nearly 40 times compared with VoxelMorph. Combined multi‐scale attention mechanism with channel attention mechanism, the registration accuracy of DAU‐Net is improved. By utilizing the folding penalty regularization term, the folding rate is decreased significantly.
Deep eutectic solvent‐based gel electrolytes for flexible electrochromic devices with excellent high/low temperature durability
Authors: Sun Peiyan , Chen Jian , Li Yaowu , Tang Xueqing , Sun Hongzhao , Song Ge , Mu Xinyang , Zhang Taoyang , Zha Xiuling , Li Feifan , Gao Yanfeng , Cong Shan , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the increasing interest in the application of electrochromism to flexible and wearable electronics in recent years, flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) that can function at extreme temperatures are required. However, the functionalities of flexible ECDs are severely hampered by the inadequate choice of electrolytes, which might ultimately result in performance fading during low‐ and high‐temperature operations. Here, we develop a deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐based gel electrolyte that can maintain its optical, electrical, and mechanical properties over a wide range of temperatures (−40 to 150°C), exhibiting an extremely high visible‐range transmittance over 90%, ion conductivity of 0.63 mS cm−1, and fracture strain exceeding 2000%. Owing to the excellent processability of the DES‐based electrolytes, provided by dynamic interactions such as the lithium and hydrogen bonding between the DES and polymer matrix, a directly written patterning in ECDs is realized for the first time. The fabricated ECDs exhibit an excellent electrochromic behavior superior to the behavior of the ECDs fabricated with traditional gel electrolytes. The introduction of such DES‐based electrolytes is expected to pave the way for a widespread application of electrochromic products.image
Search, technology choice, and unemployment
Authors: Angyridis Constantine , Zhou Haiwen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTechnology variations among countries account for a significant part of their income differences. In this paper, a firm's technology choice is embedded in a search theoretic framework for unemployment. More advanced technology is assumed to have a higher setup cost, but it is more productive. The model is tractable and the following results are derived analytically. An increase in the unemployment benefit leads to an increase in the equilibrium wage rate, giving an incentive to firms to choose a more advanced technology. Thus, this result regarding unemployment insurance in models with wage posting carries through with Nash bargaining as well. As a consequence, the equilibrium unemployment rate increases. Furthermore, an increase in the bargaining power of workers increases the unemployment rate but has an ambiguous impact on the equilibrium level of technology and the wage rate. Finally, an increase in the exogenous job separation rate or the interest rate increases the unemployment rate and decreases the wage rate but does not affect the equilibrium level of technology.