bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needs for a thorough Joint Clinical Assessment of vaccines within the HTAR: perspectives of NITAGs
Authors: Wichmann O 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Issue/problem
NITAGs are independent expert advisory committees that provide evidence-based recommendations to the Ministry of Health to guide the introduction of new vaccines and formulate national immunization plans.

Description of the problem
The evaluation of vaccines has become more and more complex. This is not only because the number of vaccines on the market and the diseases they target has increased, but also because a much wider range of population subgroups can be targeted, and for some diseases several vaccines are available and need to be compared. In addition, vaccines not only have an impact on individual well-being, but can also induce population-level effects and broader socioeconomic value.

Results
NITAGs consider to a large extent similar key factors in their evaluation processes. These can be divided into context-free and context-specific aspects. Context-free aspects include effectiveness and safety. Local disease epidemiology, potential vaccine impact at population-level, cost-effectiveness and societal or cultural values and preferences are context-specific aspects. Collaboration is possible when jointly assessing the evidence related to context-free aspects, since this is usually easily transferrable across countries. In 2019, a network of NITAGs in the European Union and Economic Area countries was established under the coordination of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Within this network, working groups have been established and either performed themselves or supported external contractors in conducting systematic reviews on vaccines effectiveness and safety.

Lessons
The increasing workload of NITAGs and the prospect of joint clinical assessments draw the attention to a number of practical issues to be solved, e.g., consensus on methodological guidelines for systematic reviews, processes to ensure that the products meet NITAGs expectations (content, quality, timing), and approaches how to consider unpublished data.
Bottlenecks to child health service delivery – how can Health System Performance Assessment help?
Authors: Shuftan N , Rajan D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Health System Performance Assessment (HSPA) is an established tool that can help identify issues with the way health systems work to achieve their intended goals, improve transparency and account-ability, and provide stimulus for reform. However, HSPA frameworks tend to be adult-centric and therefore not generally sensitive to child health challenges. Using a new HSPA framework for Universal Health Coverage, we show how child health tracer conditions can be used to pinpoint system under-performance and flag major bottlenecks impeding service delivery overall. Based on the HSPA framework, health system bottlenecks can be traced backwards to explore possible origins (areas to be targeted for improvement) or forwards to understand potential implications for the achievement of health system goals. The following qualitative and quantitative data are used to highlight major bottlenecks to child health service delivery: eight health system-focused child health assessments which show that one of the main bottlenecks is weak primary care coverage of sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health services, leading to parents bypassing PHC in favour of hospitals; results from WHO missions (e.g. in Romania and Tajikistan) showing that paediatric patients were often admitted to hospitals for treatment, even for conditions that could be safely managed in the outpatient setting; quantitative data on responsiveness, user experience, client satisfaction and people-centredness from publicly available datasets and national datasets obtained in collaboration with WHO Country Offices for national level data, to contextualize the aforementioned findings.
Long-term psychosocial response in Belgium after the 22/03/2016 terrorist attacks
Authors: Van Overmeire R , Vesentini L , Vanclooster S , Muysewinkel E , Bilsen J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
While many studies have shown how terrorist attacks can have a mental health impact, there currently is little insight into how governments try to aid victims of terrorist attacks. In this study we viewed the long-term governmental psychosocial care response after the attacks of 22/03/2016 in Belgium, from both the level of the policy, as well as from the perspective of victims.

Methods
This study employed a qualitative design. First, we studied guidelines, reports, policy documents and other relevant grey literature concerning the governmental psychosocial care response to the terrorist attacks. Second, we interviewed 27 victims of the terrorist attacks on their experiences with terrorist attacks for the micro level. We analyzed these interviews using a reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
On the policy level, a problem occurred in the transfer from responsibilities from the federal level to the community's level. Furthermore, there was no proper psychotraumatology network of therapists, which did not allow for the proper therapy to be easily sought by victims. This was noticed also by the victims, who had issues finding a therapist that fitted their needs and could help with their trauma-related disorders. Furthermore, on both policy level and victim level, a reoccurring problem is the lack of recognition and knowledge of the mental health issues occurring after disasters such as terrorist attacks.

Conclusions
The Belgian long-term psychosocial care response to the terrorist attacks of 22/03/2016 was not well organized and left some victims without proper aid. To improve the psychosocial response after terrorist attacks in the long-term, a combination of both more knowledge and recognition is needed.
New frontiers in risk assessments related to diets, health and the environment
Authors: Springmann M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on the sustainable development goals agenda, public health experts should approach the study of planetary diets, environment, and health with a holistic approach that includes both human and planetary health. Modelling studies help in estimating priorities while attaining differences across countries. Future scenarios vary according to priorities to be set. When aiming only at fulfilling food-security objectives, studies suggest that reductions in premature mortality have few environmental co-benefits. In contrast, modelling studies that include environmental goals indicate the potential for reducing environmental impacts while improving diet quality and overall health outcomes, especially in high-income countries. The scenarios indicate that focusing on dietary changes towards healthy and balanced dietary pattern seems an ideal strategy to improve both mortality risk and the environmental impact, although the magnitude of the effects may vary across countries. Weight and dietary risk factors have traditionally been considered separate categories. A new approach can be proposed for attributing weight-related risks to food intake at global, regional, and national levels. When comparing current consumption patterns to diets that for each country minimise diet and weight-related risks, a total of 5 million weight-related deaths in 2019 were attributed to the overconsumption of refined grains, dairy, red and processed meat, sugar, and eggs, and to the underconsumption of oils, and legumes, among others. A large share of deaths attributable to high intake of animal source foods and imbalanced grain intake occurred in countries with the higher high human development index, while more than a third due to imbalanced sugar and oil intake occurred in medium ones. Attributing weight-related risks to food intake can inform food-based interventions for reducing the burden of preventable deaths associated with imbalanced weight levels.
Creating a German “StadtRaumMonitor” with a climate lens - The approach and design of the piloting
Authors: Tollmann P , Mekel O , Mensing M , Claßen T , Sammet T , Boos R , Köckler H , Plantz C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on the Scottish Place Standard tool (PST), the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) adapted and piloted a German version called ‘StadtRaumMonitor’ from 2019-2021 as part of a Joint Action ‘Health Equity Europe’ (JAHEE) funded by the EU Commission. The ‘StadtRaumMonitor’ was developed in cooperation with the NRW Centre for Health Nordrhein-Westfalen and the Ministry of Social Affairs, Health and Integration Baden-Württemberg under the leadership of BZgA and with scientific support from the University of Applied Sciences in Bochum. Based on the piloting and the findings of the accompanying scientific research, some adjustments were made to the PST and the website was relaunched offering extended functionality to users. Building on the successes of the ‘StadtRaumMonitor’, a follow-up project started in 2021: Recognising the health impacts of climate change and the need to include climate change issues when assessing the quality of places, the BZgA started a pilot project with the same project partners to adapt the tool to the context of climate change. The “StadtRaumMonitor” with a climate lens aims to address municipal climate adaptation for health promotion. The tool is inspired by the Scottish PST with a climate lens and was developed based on a systematic literature research, focus groups with experts and with actors in municipalities, as well as in participative cooperation with municipal stakeholders. After pre-test and subsequent adjustments, the tool is currently being piloted in four German municipalities, and an evaluation of the application of the tool is taking place. This part of the workshop aims to provide an example of the approach to the further development of an existing tool, here within the context of municipal climate adaptation and on the basis of the “StadtRaumMonitor”, and thereby build competencies in this field. Furthermore, early insights into the piloting of the German PST with a climate lens will be given.
6.F. Skills building seminar: Digital health and communication
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA-DH,   Chair persons: Stefan Buttigieg (EUPHA-DH), Anthony Staines (Ireland)
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Information has always been central to public health practice. As digital health develops it becomes increasingly central to health care delivery, health system management, and population health monitoring. Despite enormous investment, and great effort in collecting these data, much of the potential value of health care information is lost because of poor data architecture. Good design and interoperability are sometimes seen as obstacles to implementation. but in fact they are key to getting value out of health data systems. Tools and ideas developed over the last thirty years by bioinformaticians may be quite unfamiliar to public health practitioners. The intention of this seminar is to introduce some of these ideas, specifically syntactic and semantic interoperability, ontologies, and terminologies, and to show, using case studies, how these may fit into public health practice.

Key messages
• It is necessary to have an excellent data architecture to get a good return on investment in healthcare ICT systems.
• Standards are key to interoperability, be that syntactic or semantic.
Terminologies matter - the case of ICNP and SNOMED-CT
Authors: Staines A , Hussey P , Das S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Terminologies can seem very abstract to end-users. While most health professionals will be familiar with some terminologies (for example MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), the controlled vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing articles for PubMed or ICD-10, WHO's terminology for disease coding), fewer will be aware of the depth and range of terminologies used in healthcare, nor of the central importance of multilingual standard terminologies in health care interoperability. Following a brief introduction to the use of terminologies, the integration of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) will be presented, as an example of the use of terminologies, and their ongoing curation, maintenance and development.
Barriers on cross-border sharing of health data for secondary use and options to overcome these
Authors: Richards R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cross-border health data sharing is essential to facilitate vital health research into new treatments and to improve patient care and safety across Europe. The flagship European Health Data Space (EHDS) aims to promote better exchange and access to health data through the creation of a European-wide infrastructure. However, significant barriers to cross-border data sharing must first be resolved in order to fully ensure the successful functioning of the Data Space. To this end, the European Commission established a Joint Action (TEHDAS), as the policy development tool for the development of the EHDS. This presentation will be based around the findings of the recent TEHDAS report ‘Barriers to cross-border sharing of health data for secondary use and options to overcome them.’ The report draws on the results of a dedicated literature review, 133 case studies from across 23 countries and expert interviews to identify the primary barriers to cross-border data sharing and options to overcome these from the perspective of European data users (research and policymakers). The session will start with a concise presentation of the report methodology. The research team will then deliver an interactive presentation, in which they succinctly outline each barrier and policy option and ask participants to vote for their preferred policy option to overcome each barrier identified. EUPHA participants votes will inform the final TEHDAS recommendations on mitigations and solutions for barriers to cross-border data sharing which will be submitted to the European Commission for incorporation in the European Health Data Space legislative proposal.
The role of PHIRI in the EHDS2
Authors: Bernal-Delgado E , Gonzalez-Garcia J , Derycke P , Schutte N , Bogaert P , Saso M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI) is setting the foundations for the design, implementation and deployment of a fully operative European research infrastructure on population health research in the next few years. In a nutshell, this effort represents setting up the principles and instruments for the governance of the reuse of data for research purposes in a number of aspects - the legal and ethical foundations for the mobilization of data, including sensitive data; how the different nodes in the infrastructure organize to respond multiple research questions in a federated manner; how to ensure high standards of data quality and data interoperability; and, how technological solutions can preserve a safe use of the data while enabling sound scientific outputs. PHIRI has been challenged to provide real-life solutions to each of these aspects. Acting as a demonstration project, PHIRI is currently providing solutions to researchers that are trying to solve their research questions. Building on this experience, in the future, PHIRI is expected to provide support and services to population health researchers that build their research on the secondary use of health data. Among those services: data discovery; data harmonization services (e.g., discovery and use of common data models and interoperability standards); technological services (e.g., playgrounds with synthetic data, secure process environments); research outputs archival (e.g., maintenance and dissemination of the knowledge base generated in the infrastructure); and, training and capacity building. Interestingly, PHIRI can be seen as a primer for the upcoming European Health Data Space for secondary use (EHDS2). In this workshop will be discussing how to line up PHIRI's vision and role within the EHDS2.
Global public health must end the neglect of oral health
Authors: Benzian H , Loistl S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common health problems and constitute major public health challenges across countries and health systems worldwide. The main diseases dental caries, severe periodontal disease, oral cancer and toothlessness affect populations everywhere and show significant social gradients - poor, disadvantaged, rural, or otherwise vulnerable groups suffer from a much higher burden, while at the same time having more difficulties to access prevention and care. Similarly, low- and middle-income countries have the highest prevalence of oral diseases while their healthcare systems are ill-equipped to address the challenges. Due to the predominant clinical care model of dentistry that favours an interventionist approach requiring costly technology provided by a dentist, many health systems and large population segments are not able to afford even basic oral health care. Moreover, oral health has been largely absent from the global health arena for the last 20 years leading to faltering political priority and attention. This has changed recently with the convergence of several initiatives of global relevance, supported by advocacy of the wider oral health community. Following the first ever paper series on oral health in The Lancet, a Lancet Commission on Oral Health was established in 2019, which sparked a group of WHO member states to embark on a remarkable policy development process dedicated to oral health. We now have a Global Strategy for Oral Health and will soon have a Global Action Plan complemented by a comprehensive Monitoring Framework. In addition, work on defining Best Buys in Oral Health and other supportive workstreams are under way. The presentation will provide an introduction and overview to these global policy guidance frameworks that are shaping a new reform agenda for oral health as part of NCDs, Universal Health Coverage and the SDGs towards 2030. Particular implications for public oral health in Europe will be discussed.
Health protection policies for digital platform and low wage workers
Authors: MacEachen E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, shifting employment and occupational health social protections of low-wage and self-employed digital platform workers are described and compared. Specifically, we examine how, across advanced economy countries, laws, policies, and collective agreements protected the health of low wage (e.g., service workers) and digital platform workers (usually classified as self-employed) including during the first three waves (2019-2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall goal is to inspire conversation, comment, critique and new research questions to tackle the issue of the employment, work and health of low wage workers and self-employed digital platform workers.

Methods
Taking a comparative focus on eight advanced economy countries, this paper identifies legal efforts to address employment misclassification and challenges related to employee definitions that vary by the legal act. Debates about minimum wage and occupational health and safety standards as these relate to worker well being are considered. Finally, we discuss promising changes introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic that protect the health of low-wage and self-employed workers.

Results
Overall, we describe an ongoing “haves” and a “haves not” divide, with on the one extreme, traditional job arrangements with good work-and-health social protections and, on the other extreme, low-wage and self-employed digital platform workers who are mostly left out of schemes. However, during the pandemic small and often temporary gains occurred and are discussed.

Conclusions
In the context of an evolving social contract during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides views on avenues for policy reform and research from employment and occupational health specialists across eight advanced economy countries.
6.K. Workshop: Health Literacy in Health Care Settings in Europe: Practice experience, challenges and future needs
Authors:   Organised by: Fulda University of Applied Sciences (Germany),   Chair persons: Katharina Rathmann (Germany)
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Health care organizations (e.g., hospitals, nursing homes, facilities for people with disparities) are increasingly required to create health literate structures and processes, to train staff in such a way that they make it easier for their users to behave in a health literate manner, to deal competently with health information and to navigate competently through facilities and the entire health care system. This approach is known as the concept of organizational health literacy (OHL). Meanwhile, different standards (fields of action) of organizational health literacy and assessment tools to measure health literacy on an organizational level are available, which address, among other issues, health literacy as part of the quality management system, the development of health-related information by involving users, or to facilitate navigation within and to health care facilities and through the health care system. In order to assess and to strengthen OHL in health care settings, an increasing number of projects in Europe and internationally conduct needs assessments and interventions to implement tools to strengthen OHL at the patient-/client-, staff- and organizational-level. The assessment and implementation is accompanied by different requirements, challenges and needs at different levels (i.e. clients, staff, management).
Thus, the workshop emphasizes the following objectives:
1. to present findings from OHL projects in European countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland).
2. to present and to discuss methodological issues (e.g., needs assessment),
3. to highlight practical experiences when implementing measures to strengthen OHL, and
4. to discuss beneficial factors, challenges and helpful approaches (e.g., participatory or co-creation setups) for the implementation of OHL.
A total of five experts on the topic of ‘health literacy in health care settings’ will present and discuss the implementation of health literacy in health care settings in Central European countries.

Key messages
• The Workshop highlights a synthesis of challenges and future needs that are evident for organizations and users at different levels (management, staff, clients).
• Beneficial factors are a supporting management and leadership staff, participatory approaches, communication tools, training staff in health literacy skills as well as clients/patients.