bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition, distribution and environmental drivers of Mongolian rangeland plant communities
Authors: Suzuki Kohei , Tungalag Radnaakhand , Narantsetseg Amartuvshin , Tsendeekhuu Tsagaanbandi , Shinoda Masato , Yamanaka Norikazu , Kamijo Takashi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Mongolia, overgrazing and the resulting degradation of rangelands are recognized as serious issues. To address rangeland degradation, we sought to develop a broad-scale vegetation classification of Mongolian rangeland communities focusing on regional characteristics. Moreover, we sought to clarify the spatial distributions of communities and the environmental drivers of the distributions. Between 2012 and 2016, we surveyed vegetation in 278 plots (each 10 m × 10 m) in different regions of Mongolia (43–50° N, 87–119° E) in plots where grazing pressure is low relative to adjacent areas. The data were grouped into vegetation units using a modified two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). We then explored the regional characteristics of species compositions and community distributions, as well as relationships between distributions and climatic variables. The modified TWINSPAN classified the vegetation data into three cluster groups, each of which corresponds to a particular type of zonal vegetation (i.e. forest steppe, steppe and desert steppe). The aridity index was identified as an important driver of the distributions of all cluster groups, whereas longitude and elevation were important determinants of the distribution of clusters within cluster groups. Western regions, which are characterized by higher elevation and continentality compared with eastern regions, have lower mean temperature and precipitation during the wettest quarter, leading to differences in species composition within cluster groups. Regional differences in species composition reflect differences in phytogeographic origin. Thus, the framework of species composition and distributional patterns in Mongolian rangeland communities was demonstrated in relation to climatic and geographical factors.
Astraeus – VI. Hierarchical assembly of AGN and their large-scale effect during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Trebitsch Maxime , Hutter Anne , Dayal Pratika , Gottlöber Stefan , Legrand Laurent , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
In this work, the sixth of a series, we use the seminumerical rAdiative tranSfer coupling of galaxy formaTion and Reionization in N-body dark-matter simUlationS (astraeus) framework to investigate the nature of the sources that reionized the Universe. We extend astraeus, which already couples a galaxy formation semi-analytical model with a detailed seminumerical reionization scheme, to include a model for black-hole formation, growth, and the production of ionizing radiation from associated active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We calibrate our fiducial AGN model to reproduce the bolometric luminosity function at z ≃ 5, and explore the role of the resulting AGN population in reionizing the Universe. We find that in all the models yielding a reasonable AGN luminosity function, galaxies dominate overwhelmingly the ionizing budget during the Epoch of Reionization, with AGN accounting for 1–10 per cent of the ionizing budget at z = 6 and starting to play a role only below z ≲ 5.
Chemo-dynamical substructure in the M31 inner halo globular clusters: further evidence for a recent accretion event
Authors: Lewis Geraint F , Brewer Brendon J , Mackey Dougal , Ferguson Annette M N , Li Yuan (Cher) , Adams Tim 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Based upon a metallicity selection, we identify a significant subpopulation of the inner halo globular clusters in the Andromeda Galaxy, which we name the Dulais Structure. It is distinguished as a co-rotating group of 10–20 globular clusters that appear to be kinematically distinct from, and on average more metal-poor than, the majority of the inner halo population. Intriguingly, the orbital axis of this Dulais Structure is closely aligned with that of the younger accretion event recently identified using a subpopulation of globular clusters in the outer halo of Andromeda, and this is strongly suggestive of a causal relationship between the two. If this connection is confirmed, a natural explanation for the kinematics of the globular clusters in the Dulais Structure is that they trace the accretion of a substantial progenitor (∼1011 M⊙) into the halo of Andromeda during the last few billion years, which may have occurred as part of a larger group infall.
Impact of experimental design factors on the potency of genotoxicants in in vitro tests
Authors: Sanders Julie , Thienpont Anouck , Anthonissen Roel , Vanhaecke Tamara , Mertens Birgit 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that differences in experimental design factors may alter the potency of genotoxic compounds in in vitro genotoxicity tests. Most of these studies used traditional statistical methods based on the lowest observed genotoxic effect levels, whereas more appropriate methods, such as the benchmark dose (BMD) approach, are now available to compare genotoxic potencies under different test conditions. We therefore investigated the influence of two parameters, i.e. cell type and exposure duration, on the potencies of two known genotoxicants [aflatoxin B1 and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)] in the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay and comet assay (CA). Both compounds were tested in the two assays using two cell types (i.e. CHO-K1 and TK6 cells). To evaluate the effect of exposure duration, the genotoxicity of EMS was assessed after 3 and 24 h of exposure. Results were analyzed using the BMD covariate approach, also referred to as BMD potency ranking, and the outcome was compared with that of more traditional statistical methods based on lowest observed genotoxic effect levels. When comparing the in vitro MN results obtained in both cell lines with the BMD covariate approach, a difference in potency was detected only when EMS exposures were conducted for 24 h, with TK6 cells being more sensitive. No difference was observed in the potency of both EMS and aflatoxin B1 in the in vitro CA using both cell lines. In contrast, EMS was more potent after 24 h exposure compared with a 3 h exposure under all tested conditions, i.e. in the in vitro MN assay and CA in both cell lines. Importantly, for several of the investigated factors, the BMD covariate method could not be used to confirm the differences in potencies detected with the traditional statistical methods, thus highlighting the need to evaluate the impact of experimental design factors with adequate approaches.
Younger Children Develop Higher Effector Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Tomasi Lisa , Thiriard Anais , Heyndrickx Leo , Georges Daphnée , Van den Wijngaert Sigi , Olislagers Véronique , Sharma Shilpee , Matagne André , Ackerman Margaret E , Ariën Kevin K , Goetghebuer Tessa , Marchant Arnaud 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The basis of the less severe clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children as compared with adults remains incompletely understood. Studies have suggested that a more potent boosting of immunity to endemic common cold coronaviruses (HCoVs) may protect children.

Methods
To test this hypothesis, we conducted a detailed analysis of antibodies induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children aged 2 months to 14 years.

Results
Younger children had higher titers of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), S1 but not S2 domain, and total spike (S) protein, higher avidity RBD immunoglobulin G, and higher titers of neutralizing and complement-activating antibodies as compared with older children. In contrast, older children had higher titers of antibodies to HCoVs, which correlated with antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 S2 domain but not with neutralizing or complement-activating antibodies.

Conclusions
These results reveal a unique capacity of young children to develop effector antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection independently of their immunity to HCoVs.
Different combinations of laccase paralogs nonredundantly control the amount and composition of lignin in specific cell types and cell wall layers in Arabidopsis
Authors: Blaschek Leonard , Murozuka Emiko , Serk Henrik , Ménard Delphine , Pesquet Edouard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Vascular plants reinforce the cell walls of the different xylem cell types with lignin phenolic polymers. Distinct lignin chemistries differ between each cell wall layer and each cell type to support their specific functions. Yet the mechanisms controlling the tight spatial localization of specific lignin chemistries remain unclear. Current hypotheses focus on control by monomer biosynthesis and/or export, while cell wall polymerization is viewed as random and nonlimiting. Here, we show that combinations of multiple individual laccases (LACs) are nonredundantly and specifically required to set the lignin chemistry in different cell types and their distinct cell wall layers. We dissected the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana LAC4, 5, 10, 12, and 17 by generating quadruple and quintuple loss-of-function mutants. Loss of these LACs in different combinations led to specific changes in lignin chemistry affecting both residue ring structures and/or aliphatic tails in specific cell types and cell wall layers. Moreover, we showed that LAC-mediated lignification has distinct functions in specific cell types, waterproofing fibers, and strengthening vessels. Altogether, we propose that the spatial control of lignin chemistry depends on different combinations of LACs with nonredundant activities immobilized in specific cell types and cell wall layers.
Sleep as a Mediator Between Cannabis Use and Psychosis Vulnerability: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Ouellet Julien , Spinney Sean , Assaf Roxane , Boers Elroy , Livet Audrey , Potvin Stéphane , Conrod Patricia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Increasing evidence implicates cannabis consumption as a key risk factor in the development of psychosis, but the mechanisms underpinning this relationship remain understudied. This study proposes to determine whether sleep disruption acts as a mediator of the cannabis-to-psychosis relationship.

Study Design
This longitudinal study assessed measures of cannabis use frequency, sleep quality (SQ), and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Data were collected from September 2012 to September 2018. Data were collected from a general population sample of adolescents who entered the seventh grade in 31 schools in the Greater Montreal area. The study uses data collected on an annual basis from 3801 high school students from grades 7 to 11. The aforementioned measures were measured using the Detection of Alcohol and Drug Problems in Adolescents questionnaire, a SQ Likert scale, and measures the Psychotic-Like Experiences Questionnaire for Children.

Study Results
Results show a reciprocal 1-year cross-lagged effect of cannabis use and sleep (β = −0.076, 95% CI = −0.037 to −0.018, P = .000), of sleep on cannabis use (β = −.016, 95% CI = −0.025 to −0.006, P = .007), of sleep on PLEs (β = −0.077, 95%CI = −0.014 to −0.051, P = .000), and of PLEs on sleep (β = −0.027, 95% CI = −0.037 to −0.018, P = .000). We additionally found a 2 years indirect lagged-effect of cannabis use on PLEs (β = 0.068, 95% CI = 0.024 to 0.113, P = .011) mediated by 1-year sleep (β = 0.006, 95% CI = 0.003 to 0.009, P = .001).

Conclusions
Our results suggest sleep disruptions simultaneously aggravate, and are aggravated by, cannabis addiction and PLEs. The longitudinal sleep-mediated effect of cannabis use on PLEs encourages further research into the role of sleep as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention of cannabis-related psychosis.
Innovation in Large-Scale Research Programs: Elevating Research Participants to Governance Roles Through the All of Us Research Program Engagement Core
Authors: Fair Alecia , Watson Karriem S. , Cohn Elizabeth G. , Carpenter Selena M. , Richardson-Heron Dara , Wilkins Consuelo H. 
Published: November 2022

Problem
Despite the successes of community-engaged research in advancing research relevance and health equity for diverse communities, the impact of this research has been limited to local and regional programs. Engaging diverse community voices in large-scale, national research programs represents a paradigm shift in biomedical research. Still, disconnects remain between research decision makers and the communities they serve, impeding richer, bidirectional engagement.

Approach
An engagement core team was established within National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program (AoURP) in 2018 to synthesize community-engaged research practices and establish infrastructure that operationalizes diverse research participant engagement. The authors integrated research participants as “participant partners” within the AoURP governance, an approach that is embedded into the engagement core’s 3 aims: (1) integrate a diverse pool of participants into the program, (2) identify and meaningfully engage a cadre of diverse participants into program governance, and (3) assess the impact of such engagement on research. Participant partners are compensated as consultants at approximately $50/hour.

Outcomes
As of August 2022, more than 515,000 individuals consented to participate in the AoURP, with more than 49% representing racial/ethnic minorities. The authors invited participants to self-nominate if interested in engaging in research working groups, decision making, and governance. Also, consortium partners nominated individuals on AoURP community advisory and/or participant advisory boards to serve as participant ambassadors. Ten individuals were selected as participant partners for the 2022–2025 term. Eight serve on the steering committee; of those, 4 serve on the executive committee; 2 more serve on the advisory panel. An additional 23 serve as participant ambassadors.

Next Steps
The authors continue to increase the number of research participants serving as engaged partners in the program. Engagement approaches will be systematically evaluated with the goal of adoption by other large-scale research programs.
Technical Nuances of Cervical Laminoplasty
Authors: Ambati Vardhaan S. , Morshed Ramin , Park Christine , Salha Diana M. , Chryssikos Timothy , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: November 2022

Study Design:
Operative video and supplemental manuscript.

Objective:
The technical nuances of open-door laminoplasty are described. Potential complications of open-door laminoplasty and strategies for their minimization are discussed.

Summary of Background Data:
Cervical laminoplasty may be indicated in patients with cervical myelopathy due to cervical stenosis in the setting of spondylosis, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, congenital stenosis, and traumatic central cord syndrome.

Methods:
A video illustrates the nuances of the surgical technique for cervical laminoplasty.

Results:
Myelopathic patients with preserved lordotic sagittal profile, central stenosis involving several levels, and minimal to no axial neck pain are ideal candidates for laminoplasty.

Conclusions:
Cervical laminoplasty provides more stability compared with laminectomy alone and a better range of motion compared with laminectomy with posterior spinal fusion. Understanding the nuances of laminoplasty may help surgeons to avoid complications.
A Novel Macrophage-Activating Gel Improves Healing and Skin Quality After CO2 Laser Resurfacing of the Chest
Authors: Wu Douglas C , Kollipara Ramya , Carter Marissa J. , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
After laser resurfacing, it is imperative that an appropriate postoperative regimen is followed for optimal wound healing. There is currently no consensus about which agents should be used.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel macrophage-activating gel in a Phase 2B trial to be used after fractionated ablative laser resurfacing of the chest.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-two adults who received fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing of the chest were randomized (active or placebo) for 5 consecutive days after procedure. Skin quality at baseline and follow-up was assessed by a blinded evaluator using the Fitzpatrick–Goldman Wrinkle Scale. Subject satisfaction with skin healing and quality was also assessed.

RESULTS
At 28 days according to the Fitzpatrick–Goldman Wrinkle Scale, 85% of subjects achieved an improvement of at least 33% for the active group versus 50% in the placebo group (absolute difference 35%; p = .04). Similarly, 75% of subjects achieved an improvement score of at least 33% in elastosis in the active group versus 35% in the placebo group at 28 days (40% absolute difference; p = .011).

CONCLUSION
This study confirms the potent effects of the novel macrophage-activating gel for optimization of skin healing and quality after laser resurfacing of the chest.
Quantification of Erythema Associated With Varying Suture Materials in Facial Surgery Repair: A Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Majd Ali , Lim Catherine , Zloty David 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
A common concern among patients following Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is scar appearance and residual erythema. However, few studies have quantitatively compared scar erythema between different suture materials.

OBJECTIVE
To quantify erythema intensity (EI) associated with use of percutaneous nylon, irradiated polyglactin-910 (IPG) and fast-absorbing gut (FG) sutures on facial sites.

METHODS
After undergoing MMS, 210 patients were randomized to one of 2 groups. Patients in the first group (n = 105) had their defects repaired half with continuous IPG sutures and the other half with nylon sutures; the second group (n = 105) received IPG and FG sutures. Standardized photographs of scars were taken at 1 week, 2 months, and 6 months postoperatively and computer-assisted image analysis was used to quantify EI.

RESULTS
The average EI was comparable between all 3 suture materials at 1 week, 2 months, and 6 months. From 1 week to 2 months, EI in nylon, IPG, and FG sutures decreased by 24.8%, 12.8%, and 17.9% (p < .05), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in EI among suture types between 2 and 6 months.

CONCLUSION
Erythema decreased significantly during early scar maturation in all groups and was comparable between all suture materials at 1 week, 2 months, and 6 months.
Dermatology Match Preference Signaling Tokens: Impact and Implications
Authors: Dirr McKenzie A. , Brownstone Nicholas , Zakria Danny , Rigel Darrell 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
The dermatology residency application process implemented a new system of preference signaling tokens (PSTs) in the 2021-2022 cycle to allow applicants to express a higher level of interest in specific programs. Limited data are available on the utilization and impact of these tokens.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of PSTs on the application process and where in the process PSTs had the greatest influence.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A 14-question survey was sent to 62 ACGME-accredited dermatology residency programs. Primary outcomes were PST impact on 2021-2022 applications. Variables were evaluated using open-ended questions, yes/no responses, and importance ratings from 0 to 100.

RESULTS
An average of 7.1% of applicants were offered interviews, but 21.1% of applicants that submitted PSTs were interviewed versus 3.7% of nonsubmitters. 22.5% of ranked applicants and 19% of matched applicants submitted a PST to that program.

Limitations
Not all programs responded, and PST submission restrictions could not be assessed.

CONCLUSION
The greatest PST impact was on the interview decision but had minimal subsequent impact. Given PSTs cannot be submitted to home programs or in-person away rotations, the actual impact was probably greater than found. Programs will continue to implement PSTs in future cycles.
LncRNA TUG1 Exacerbates Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Modulating the microRNA-145a-5p/Cfl2 Axis
Authors: Wang KunWei , Lin Yingnan , Shen Honghui , Yu Shushu , Xu Jiahong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Nowadays, there is limited prevention and treatment for myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our study aimed to depict the mechanism of the lncRNA TUG1/miR-145a-5p/Cfl2 axis in DCM and to provide a molecular basis for the study of this disease. Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to establish DCM mouse models. The expression levels of lncRNA TUG1, miR-145a-5p, and Cfl2 in myocardial tissues of mice were tested by RT-qPCR or Western blot. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. The contents of Ang-II, TNF-α, and IL-1β were measured using ELISA. The histopathological observation was performed by HE staining and Masson staining. The expression levels of myocardial fibrosis–related genes COL1A1, MMP2, and FN1 were determined by RT-qPCR. In addition, bioinformatics website, RIP assay, pull-down assay, and luciferase activity assay were conducted to verify the relationships of lncRNA TUG1, miR-145a-5p, and Cfl2. In the DCM mouse model, lncRNA TUG1 and Cfl2 expression levels were upregulated and miR-145a-5p expression was downregulated. Downregulation of lncRNA TUG1 improved cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis; decreased COL1A1, MMP2, and FN1 expression levels; as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, and Ang-II contents in myocardial tissues of DCM mice. Upregulation of miR-145a-5p showed the same trend as downregulation of lncRNA TUG1. In addition, upregulating miR-145a-5p reversed the promotion roles of lncRNA TUG1 on myocardial fibrosis in DCM mice, and upregulating Cfl2 compromised the improvement effect of downregulated lncRNA TUG1 on myocardial fibrosis in DCM mice. Mechanistically, there was a binding site between lncRNA TUG1 and miR-145a-5p, and miR-145a-5p had a targeting relationship with Cfl2. This study highlights that lncRNA TUG1 sponges miR-145a-5p to aggravate myocardial fibrosis in DCM mice by promoting Cfl2.