bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Outcomes of Pediatric Intensive Care Patients after Changing from Higher to Permissive Blood Pressure Targets
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Shakir , Klonin Hilary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNew neurological morbidity post pediatric intensive care (PIC) poses substantial problems, with a need to understand the relationship of outcome to blood pressure (BP) targets. The aim of the study is to see whether a change from a higher BP targeted strategy to a permissive one improved outcomes for development of new neurological morbidity, length of stay (LOS), and PIC-acquired infection. A retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken, comparing outcomes before and after the change. The higher BP cohort targets were set using standardized age-based centiles. In the permissive cohort, lower BPs were allowed, dependent on physiological variables. Targeted treatment continued throughout the critical illness. New neurological morbidity was defined as any deterioration from baseline, attributable to the admission, measured by post discharge clinical and records review over a minimum period of 4 years. Results were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics v26. Of 123 admissions in the permissive and 214 admissions in the higher BP target cohorts, 88 (72%) and 188 (88%) survived without new neurological morbidity (permissive vs. higher cohort OR 0.348 [95% CI 0.197–0.613] p <0.001). Median LOS was 2 (interquartile [IQ] range 2–5) and 3 (IQ range 2–6) days for the permissive and higher cohorts, respectively (p = 0.127). Three (2.4%) and 7 (3.3%) admissions in the permissive and higher BP cohorts respectively suffered PIC-acquired infection (p = 0.666). A higher BP targeted strategy was associated with protection from new neurological morbidity as compared with a permissive strategy, supporting the need for prospective studies into BP targets.
Refractory Headaches
Authors: Begasse de Dhaem Olivia , Rizzoli Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMedication overuse headache (MOH), new daily persistent headache (NDPH), and persistent refractory headache attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection represent a significant burden in terms of disability and quality of life, and a challenge in terms of definition, pathophysiology, and treatment. Regarding MOH, prevention without withdrawal is not inferior to prevention with withdrawal. Preventive medications like topiramate, onabotulinumtoxinA, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies improve chronic migraine with MOH regardless of withdrawal. The differential diagnosis of NDPH is broad and should be carefully examined. There are no guidelines for the treatment of NDPH, but options include a short course of steroids, nerve blocks, topiramate, nortriptyline, gabapentin, CGRP monoclonal antibodies, and onabotulinumtoxinA. The persistence of headache 3 months after SARS-CoV2 infection is a predictor of poor prognosis.
A fiber-coupled dispersion interferometer for density measurements of pulsed power transmission line electron sheaths on Sandia’s Z machine
Authors: Hines N. R. , Patel Sonal , Scoglietti Daniel , Gilmore Mark , Billingsley S. L. , Dwyer R. H. , Awe Thomas , Armstrong Darrell , Bliss David , Laity George , Cuneo Michael 
Published: November 2022

A fiber-coupled Dispersion Interferometer (DI) is being developed to measure the electron density of plasmas formed in power flow regions, such as magnetically insulated transmission lines, on Sandia National Laboratories (SNL’s) Z machine [D. B. Sinars et al., Phys. Plasmas 27, 070501 (2020)]. The diagnostic operates using a fiber-coupled 1550 nm CW laser with frequency-doubling to 775 nm. The DI is expected to be capable of line-average density measurements between ∼1013 and 1019 cm−2. Initial testing has been performed on a well-characterized RF lab plasma [A. G. Lynn et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 103501 (2009)] at the University of New Mexico to quantify the density resolution lower limits of the DI. Initial testing of the DI has demonstrated line-average electron density measurements within 9% of results acquired via a 94 GHz mm wave interferometer for line densities of ∼1 × 1014 cm−2, despite significant differences in probe beam geometries. The instrument will next be utilized for measurements on a ∼1 MA-scale pulsed power driver {MYKONOS [N. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22, 120401 (2019)] at SNL} before finally being deployed on SNL’s Z machine. The close electrode spacing (mm scale) on Z requires probe beam sizes of ∼1 mm, which can only be obtained with visible or near infrared optical systems, as opposed to longer wavelength mm wave systems that would normally be chosen for this range of density.
First-principles study of two-dimensional half-metallic ferromagnetism in NiXCl (X = S and Se) monolayer
Authors: Xu Xia , Wan Wenhui , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2022

Half-metallic ferromagnets with the character of making maximum use of spin polarization become the center of scientific research. Specifically, two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials, due to their 100% spin polarization at the Fermi level, are highly desirable for spintronic devices. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrated that the NiSCl and NiSeCl monolayers are intrinsic 2D ferromagnetic half-metals. The predicted Curie temperatures of the NiSCl and NiSeCl monolayers are 311 and 180 K by Monte Carlo simulations, respectively. The calculated electronic structures using the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof hybrid functional showed that their half-metallic bandgaps are 1.06 and 0.53 eV, and 3.40 and 2.68 eV for NiSCl and NiSeCl monolayers, respectively. These results indicated that 2D NiSCl and NiSeCl are promising half-metallic materials.
Ultra-wideband and high-efficiency cross-polarization conversion using a double split ring shaped metasurface for C, X, and Ku-band applications
Authors: Nguyen Thi Minh , Phan Huu Lam , Vu Dinh Lam , Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa , Kim Jung-Mu 
Published: November 2022

Polarization converters play an important role in practical applications to manipulate the electromagnetic wave. However, the development of a polarization converter that possesses both high conversion efficiency and a wide frequency band is very challenging due to the trade-off between them. Here, we present an ultra-wideband and high-efficiency cross-polarization converter based on a double split ring shaped metasurface. The performance of the proposed converter is simulated and verified by experiments, showing a good agreement. The proposed polarization converter shows the cross-polarization conversion with a conversion efficiency above 93% in a wide frequency range from 4.0 to 14.0 GHz covering the entire C- and X-bands and a part of the Ku-band due to the combination of multi-modes of magnetic and electric resonances. Compared with other ultra-wideband polarization converters, the proposed converter shows excellent characteristics in terms of high efficiency, wide frequency band, and lightweight design, demonstrating a great potential application in C-, X-, and Ku-bands.
Chemical characterisation of natural and anthropogenic inputs of dust in the seasonal snowpack (2017–2020) at Calderone Glacier (Gran Sasso d’Italia)
Authors: Bruschi Federica , Moroni Beatrice , Petroselli Chiara , Gravina Paola , Selvaggi Roberta , Pecci Massimo , Spolaor Andrea , Tuccella Paolo , Raparelli Edoardo , Gabrieli Jacopo , Esposito Giulio , D’Aquila Pinuccio , Cappelletti David 
Published: November 2022

Environmental context We present a chemical characterisation of the seasonal snowpack sampled for four consecutive years at the Calderone, the southernmost glacier still surviving in peninsular Italy. This debris covered glacier recently split into two little ice bodies, whose evolution could be influenced by the snowpack properties. In particular the impact of long-range aerosol advections on concentrations of impurities in the snowpack over the local background is discussed. Rationale The Calderone Glacier (Central Apennine, Gran Sasso d’Italia mountain group) is the southernmost glacial apparatus in Europe, split into two glacierets (Upper and Lower Calderone) since the end of the last millennium. Because of its location and altitude, this site is mainly characterised by the long-range transport of air masses which arise from different Mediterranean source regions. Therefore, the seasonal snowpack’s chemistry is strongly affected by the dry and wet deposition of contaminants associated with anthropogenic and natural sources. Methodology In the present study, the seasonal snowpack stratified on the Calderone glacier has been characterised for four consecutive years (2017–2020) in the same monitoring site (2700 m asl), where a snow pit has been dug yearly, to observe the modification of chemical and physical properties depending on local and long-range atmospheric contributions. We determined the concentrations and fluxes of major inorganic ions (MIs) by ion chromatography and of 31 trace elements (TEs) by triple quadrupole ICP-MS. Results Major and trace element concentration profiles along the snowpack allowed to discriminate the snow layers contaminated by long range advections from the uncontaminated ones. The uncontaminated snow layers’ concentrations were used to calculate regional background values. The results have been compared to other remote sites to assess their robustness. Discussion Different source contributions have been recognised using enrichment factors for the trace elements, particularly crustal, marine and anthropogenic. Deposited atmospheric aerosols, found in the snowpack as distinct layers generated during intense air mass advections, have been correlated to these contributions.
Inhibition of connexin hemichannels alleviates neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Guo Anni , Zhang Huiqi , Li Huanhuan , Chiu Arthur , García-Rodríguez Claudia , Lagos Carlos F. , Sáez Juan C. , Lau Chunyue Geoffrey 
Published: November 2022

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common types of epilepsy, yet approximately one-third of patients are refractory to current anticonvulsive drugs, which target neurons and synapses. Astrocytic and microglial dysfunction is commonly found in epileptic foci and has been shown to contribute to neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability in chronic epilepsy. Accumulating evidence points to a key role for glial hemichannels in epilepsy, but inhibiting both connexin (Cx) gap junctions and hemichannels can lead to undesirable side effects because the former coordinate physiological functions of cell assemblies. It would be a great benefit to use an orally available small molecule to block hemichannels to alleviate epileptic symptoms. Here, we explored the effect of D4, a newly developed compound that inhibits the Cx hemichannels but not Cx gap junctions using the pilocarpine mouse model of TLE. In vitro application of D4 caused a near-complete reduction in the pilocarpine-induced cell membrane permeability associated with increased Cx hemichannel activity. Moreover, preadministration of D4 in vivo effectively reduced neuroinflammation and altered synaptic inhibition, which then enhanced the animal survival rate. Posttreatment with a single dose of D4 in vivo has prolonged effects on suppressing the activation of astrocytes and microglia and rescued the changes in neuroinflammatory and synaptic gene expression induced by pilocarpine. Collectively, these results indicate that targeting Cx hemichannels by D4 is an effective and promising strategy for treating epilepsy in which neuroinflammation plays a critical role.
Photostimulated luminescence excited by infrared LEDs in CaS:Eu2+ red afterglow phosphors
Authors: Yamaguchi Syota , Suda Yoriko , Nanai Yasushi , Okuno Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Red photostimulated luminescence (PSL) at 650 nm appears under the excitation by using an infrared (IR) light-emitting diode at 940 nm in CaS:Eu2+ afterglow phosphors. The effect of doping of Dy3+ ions, alkali metal ions or Cl− ions in CaS:Eu2+ on afterglow or photostimulation is investigated. Afterglow temporal decays and thermoluminescence glow curves suggest that Dy3+ ions and alkali metal ions induce different types of defects in the phosphor, and enhance the afterglow independently. Doping of Cl− ions is found to enhance the photostimulation by the IR excitation. Even if the phosphor is irradiated with IR light for some seconds, the afterglow decay curve is the same as when it is not irradiated with IR light. Trap states responsible for the photostimulation are different from those responsible for the afterglow. The red photostimulation appears under the excitation at 940 nm, after the phosphor is left in the dark for 60 min. Its intensity is 68% of the red PSL generated after being left in the dark for 10 min. It is considered that the PSL decreases little, when the sample is kept in the dark.
Two dimensional Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 van der Waals heterostructures with tunable band gap, potential difference and magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Duan Xianghui , Zhou Baozeng , Wang Xiaocha , Mi Wenbo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have potential applications in novel low dimensional spintronic devices due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties. Here, the electronic and magnetic properties of 2D Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 heterostructures are calculated by first principles calculations. The 2D Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 heterostructures are magnetic semiconductor. The electronic structure and magnetic anisotropy of Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 heterostructure can be regulated by the biaxial strain and external electric field. The band gap and potential difference of Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 heterostructure can be affected by in-plane biaxial strain. At a compressive strain of −8%, the Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 heterostructure becomes metallic. All of the Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 heterostructures are magnetic with in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA). The Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 heterostructure is a semiconductor at the electric field from −0.5 V Å−1 to +0.5 V Å−1. Furthermore, Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 heterostructure shows IMA at the negative electric field, while it shows perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the positive electric field. These results show that Zr2CO2/H-FeCl2 heterostructure has potential applications in multifunctionalnanoelectronic devices.
New accurate algorithms of circularity evaluation
Authors: Zhuo Ming , Geng Jiqing , Zhong Cui , Xia Kai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The minimum circumscribed circle (MCC), maximum inscribed circle (MIC), and minimum zone circle (MZC) methods for circularity evaluation are difficult to execute due to the lack of specific rules in mathematics, especially the MZC. New accurate algorithms have been proposed to realize the MIC, MCC and MZC evaluation methods. First, the diameter criterion and acute triangle criterion of control points defining the MIC or MCC are presented. The definition of the crossing sector structure is introduced in the minimum zone criterion and transformed into an angular relationship of control points, making it easy to identify the MZC. Then the key points of the algorithms are presented in details including the initial circle or the initial region, centre moving direction, minimum step size and updating rules of control points. Flow charts are provided to make the algorithm producible. Finally, four cases are selected to demonstrate the advantages of the algorithms. The results show that the proposed MZC algorithm is more general than that in the published reference. Compared to the traditional ergodic searching algorithms, the efficiency of the new algorithm for the MIC, the MCC and the MZC evaluations of circularity can be improved by 100% when the point set increases to 100 and above.
Abnormal quantum moment of inertia and structural properties of electrons in 2D and 3D quantum dots: an ab initio path-integral Monte Carlo study
Authors: Dornheim Tobias , Yan Yangqian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present extensive new direct path-integral Monte Carlo results for electrons in quantum dots in two and three dimensions. This allows us to investigate the nonclassical rotational inertia (NCRI) of the system, and we find an abnormal negative quantum moment of inertia (2014 Phys. Rev. Lett.
112 235301) under some conditions. In addition, we study the structural properties by computing a re-normalized, angular-resolved center-two particle correlation function. Remarkably, we find no connection between the spatial structure and the NCRI, since the former can be nearly identical for Fermi- and Bose-statistics for parameters where the superfluid fraction is diverging towards negative infinity.
High-power and efficient orthogonally-polarized dual-wavelength Nd:YLF laser
Authors: Fan Li , Sun Ran , Wang Liming , Xiang Keyun , Shen Jun , Zhu Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate an actively Q-switched orthogonally-polarized dual-wavelength laser at 1047.4 nm and 1053.4 nm with high average power and high efficiency. The gain competition between dual-wavelength lasers is effectively suppressed by using two Nd:YLF crystals as laser gain medium. Investigations concerning different resonator structures and pulse repetition frequency were conducted to achieve the best performance of this laser. Under the total incident pump power of 32.7 W, a maximum dual-wavelength laser output power of 13.4 W is obtained at the pulse repetition rate of 30 kHz, corresponding to an optical conversion efficiency of 41%. For 1047.4 nm and 1053.4 nm lasers, the maximum average output powers are as high as 7.6 W and 5.8 W, respectively, and they also demonstrate good output power stability and beam quality. This orthogonally-polarized dual-wavelength laser has significant practical applications in various fields, such as terahertz radiation generation, precision metrology, laser radar, and spectral analysis.
Conditioning diffusion processes with respect to the local time at the origin
Authors: Mazzolo Alain , Monthus Cécile 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
When the unconditioned process is a diffusion process X(t) of drift μ(x) and of diffusion coefficient D = 1/2, the local time

A

(

t

)

=

∫

0

t

d
τ
δ

(

X

(

τ

)

)

at the origin x = 0 is one of the most important time-additive observable. We construct various conditioned processes [X*(t), A*(t)] involving the local time A*(T) at the time horizon T. When the horizon T is finite, we consider the conditioning towards the final position X*(T) and towards the final local time A*(T), as well as the conditioning towards the final local time A*(T) alone without any condition on the final position X*(T). In the limit of the infinite time horizon T → +∞, we consider the conditioning towards the finite asymptotic local time

A

∞

*

<
+
∞

, as well as the conditioning towards the intensive local time a* corresponding to the extensive behavior A

T
≃ Ta*, that can be compared with the appropriate ‘canonical conditioning’ based on the generating function of the local time in the regime of large deviations. This general construction is then applied to generate various constrained stochastic trajectories for three unconditioned diffusions with different recurrence/transience properties: (i) the simplest example of transient diffusion corresponds to the uniform strictly positive drift μ(x) = μ > 0; (ii) the simplest example of diffusion converging towards an equilibrium is given by the drift μ(x) = −μ sgn(x) of parameter μ > 0; (iii) the simplest example of recurrent diffusion that does not converge towards an equilibrium is the Brownian motion without drift μ = 0.
Stochastic resets in the context of a tight-binding chain driven by an oscillating field
Authors: Dattagupta Sushanta , Das Debraj , Gupta Shamik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, we study in the framework of the so-called driven tight-binding chain (TBC) the issue of quantum unitary dynamics interspersed at random times with stochastic resets mimicking non-unitary evolution due to interactions with the external environment, the driven TBC involves a quantum particle hopping between the nearest-neighbour sites of a one-dimensional lattice and subject to an external forcing field that is periodic in time. We consider the resets to be taking place at exponentially-distributed random times. Using the method of stochastic Liouville equation, we derive exact results for the probability at a given time for the particle to be found on different sites and averaged with respect to different realizations of the dynamics. We establish the remarkable effect of localization of the TBC particle on the sites of the underlying lattice at long times. The system in the absence of stochastic resets exhibits delocalization of the particle, whereby the particle does not have a time-independent probability distribution of being found on different sites even at long times, and, consequently, the mean-squared displacement of the particle about its initial location has an unbounded growth in time. One may induce localization in the bare model only through tuning the ratio of the strength to the frequency of the field to have a special value, namely, equal to one of the zeros of the zeroth order Bessel function of the first kind. We show here that localization may be induced by a far simpler procedure of subjecting the system to stochastic resets.
Role of wing inertia in maneuvering bat flights
Authors: Rahman Aevelina , Tafti Danesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The role of aerodynamics and wing inertia on the motion dynamics for the maneuvering flight of two bats from two species of roundleaf bats, H. armiger and H. pratti are investigated. Comparative studies among a straight flight, two ascending sweeping right turns, and a U-turn reveal that inertial forces play an essential and sometimes crucial role in the maneuvers. The translational trajectory of the bat is mostly driven by aerodynamic forces generated by the wings along the flight path, whereas inertial forces for the most part drive the intra-cycle fluctuations. However, inertial forces are found to contribute non-trivially to the ascending motion of the H. armiger during the sweeping turn and the U-turn. The roll maneuver is found to be primarily driven by aerodynamic asymmetries during flight, whereas the yaw maneuver is primarily driven by imbalances in wing inertial moments. Inertial moments resulting from Coriolis and centrifugal forces are found to play an important role in accurate yaw prediction. The moment due to Coriolis force plays a very prominent role in predicting the correct yaw angle during the extreme 180° U-turn.