bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation in EMTs: AUSMAT COVID-19 Deployments
Authors: Bleakley Erica 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:The WHO has recommended the inclusion of rehabilitation capabilities in EMTs responding to disasters and health emergencies since 2013. Likewise, the importance of rehabilitation input across the continuum of care for patients experiencing COVID-19 illness has been highlighted since the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Despite recognition of the role and value of rehabilitation, both in EMTs and the management of COVID-19, evidence that EMTs activated in response to COVID-19 have deployed rehabilitation professionals remains limited.Objectives:This paper will describe the experiences of the Australian Medical Assistance Team (AUSMAT) in deploying rehabilitation professionals as an integrated capability of multi-disciplinary EMTs responding to COVID-19 health emergencies.Method/Description:In response to COVID-19 emergencies in Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Timor-Leste, and the Solomon Islands, AUSMAT deployed rehabilitation professionals alongside multi-disciplinary EMTs on four occasions in 2021-2022. The rehabilitation professionals engaged in direct clinical care and capacity-building activities.Results/Outcomes:The work of the deployed AUSMAT rehabilitation professionals facilitated important capacity building and support for local rehabilitation staff and services, enhanced the time critical multi-disciplinary training of local nursing and medical staff, and improved the quality of clinical care of COVID-19 patients.Conclusion:AUSMAT’s experience has demonstrated that the deployment of rehabilitation professionals as part of a multi-disciplinary team adds significant value to the work of EMTs responding to COVID-19 health emergencies. Nursing and medical staff cannot readily replicate the knowledge, skills, and perspectives of rehabilitation professionals. Appropriately skilled rehabilitation professionals should be deployed to support national rehabilitation staff when EMTs respond to health emergencies.
Adapting In-Person National Emergency Medical Teams (EMT) Introductory Training to a Virtual, Storytelling (Talanoa) Format for Pacific Island Countries and Areas (PICs)
Authors: Cook Anthony T. , Devanath Durgavasini , Noste Erin E. , Beauchemin Pierre-Yves , Chandler Drew R. , Casey Sean T. 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:Many Pacific governments have committed to establishing deployable, self-sufficient national EMTs following recent tropical cyclones, measles outbreaks, and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, for much of the COVD-19 pandemic, PICs have closed international borders limiting in-person team member training.Objectives:To develop a remote, interactive EMT training series to engage current and prospective EMT team members in the PICs during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method/Description:From July through September 2021, WHO hosted a weekly webinar series to introduce the concepts of the EMT Initiative to current and prospective EMT team members in the PICs. The sessions utilized Pacific deployment experience using faculty from EMTs in Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu.Results/Outcomes:Attendees from over 23 countries from across the Pacific and other areas of the world participated in the 11 sessions, with a total of over 300 individual participants. The average number of participants per sessions was 85. Feedback was sought after every session. The most significant adaptation of the sessions from the feedback was incorporating the Pacific tradition of talanoa, or storytelling, into the sessions.Conclusion:Adapting the session plans to incorporate the talanoa style of communication in the Pacific created an environment of learning from colleagues throughout the Pacific and increased participant engagement in the virtual setting. The webinar series provided knowledge of EMT basics and increased engagement and excitement in the establishment and continued growth of EMTs in the Pacific.
Cultural Awareness in Emergency Response Teams: Assessment of Cultural Competencies Knowledge and Training
Authors: Issa Fadi S. , Voskanyan Amalia , Hart Alexander , Woodward Christina , Ciottone Robert , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:WHO EMTs play an important role in providing assistance and health care services to countries hit by an emergency or a natural disaster. Therefore, EMTs are subjected to vastly different cultures from various countries, meaning they require training to cultural awareness, an understanding and acceptance of the languages, beliefs, cultures, and morals of those receiving care. The World Health Organization (WHO) has published minimum standards for Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs), which briefly mention that the senior EMT team member must have some knowledge of cultural awareness. However, there is no requirement for cultural awareness training for EMTs prior to responding to disasters.Objectives:The goal of this study is to determine the presence of cultural awareness training, and if present, what are the competencies covered by the training for the WHO EMTs.Method/Description:A survey will be distributed to Accredited WHO EMTs to capture the presence for cultural awareness training and the core competencies of the existing training.Results/Outcomes:Data expected to be collected and analyzed by October 1, 2022.Conclusion:Cultural awareness training is a crucial and beneficial skill for EMTs while deploying internationally. For WHO EMTs, it is essential to respond internationally in an accepted and ethical manner; cultural awareness training should be a requirement for all teams deploying to a foreign country. A cultural awareness curriculum will create more efficient EMTs that provide effective aid to countries in need.
The Taal Volcano Eruption and Landfall of Super Typhoon Odette: A Dilogy of Disasters in the Philippines, An Abstract on the Response Strategies of Dr. Jose N. Rodriguez Memorial Hospital and Sanitarium-Philippine Emergency Medical Assistance Team (DJNRMHS PEMAT) for the TAAL and DINAGAT Missions in the Years 2020 and 2021
Authors: Cabrera Gian Carla D. , Gamboa Alma P. , Capito Eric John D. , Famaran Alfonso Victorino H. 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:The country’s location makes it vulnerable to natural disasters, hence, the PEMAT’s potential was tested during local disaster response for Taal Volcano Eruption in Batangas last January 2020 and during the aftermath of Super Typhoon Odette in Dinagat Islands last December 2021, amidst COVID-19 surge.Objectives:The primary objective of the deployment was to augment the DOH in the provision of safe, effective, and efficient quality health care services appropriate to the victims’ needs, timely, and coordinated mobilization of DJNRMHS PEMAT, and to evaluate the knowledge and skills acquired in the EMT Basic induction course in disaster response.Method/Description:As per WHO standards, disaster responses conducted by the DJNRMHS PEMAT followed three important phases: pre-mobilization, mobilization, and post-mobilization. The methods used during these phases in Taal and Dinagat missions were the simulation of drills and application of didactics learnt from the EMT Basic Induction Course for Disaster Response conducted by the DOH in collaboration with WHO in 2019.Results/Outcomes:The essential services rendered by DJNRMHS PEMAT, ensuring patient and responder safety despite being at the height of COVID-19 surge, were out-patient, acute emergency, trauma and basic obstetric care, basic laboratory, social welfare, public health, and pharmaceutical to 1,124 victims in the Taal Eruption and 1,089 victims of Typhoon Odette.Conclusion:Safe and effective delivery of quality health care services by PEMAT, a team equipped with knowledge and skills acquired through mentorship, can be achieved with thorough planning, setting of mission objectives, and most importantly, having full support from the management and all stakeholders.
Resiliency of a US Pacific Island Territory with a Type 1 EMT
Authors: Muna Esther L. , Villagomez Warren F. , Casey Sean T. 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), a chain of 14 Pacific islands with a population of around 50,000 and a United States territory, experienced two major typhoons exceeding 150 mph/240 kmph in three years. The resiliency of the people of the CNMI is evident, and has been supplemented through support from international Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs). As a US territory, support is available from the United States federal government and international partners, but an island territory far from the US mainland, the CNMI requires strong local emergency response capacity.Objectives:To describe:How the CNMI health system conducted an environmental scan to identify and address gaps in out-patient support in disasters;How the health system improved and expanded its capacity to respond to emergencies with a significant impact on the community’s health; andHow leveraging the integration of clinical and public health capacities contributed to the development of a multidisciplinary local Type 1 EMT in the CNMI.Method/Description:The CNMI brought together key local agencies involved in emergency response. Because of multiple recent disaster response efforts, agencies had deep knowledge and experience, and gaps were easily identified.Results/Outcomes:The territory’s experience with international EMTs guided the creation of a local EMT in the CNMI, engaging local agencies, physicians, nurses, and public health and preparedness staff from the territory’s health system to establish an EMT for local and potentially for regional response.Conclusion:Building local capacity using multi-sectoral agencies and multi-disciplinary individuals improves health system resiliency in health emergency response.
What Helped Support Nurses in the ED at CWM during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Fiji in 2021?
Authors: Douglas Bronte , Sosefo Mamatuki , Keshni Singh , Brown Di , Robinson Antony 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:Following a quarantine breach in April 2021, Fiji went from no cases of COVID-19 to having the highest number per capita in the world. Fiji was relatively well-prepared to respond to COVID-19 as it has strong emergency management response systems. Nevertheless, due to the rapid increase, the public health system was quickly overwhelmed. The problem was particularly acute at the main tertiary hospital in Suva.Objectives:To describe the effects of an overwhelming COVID-19 outbreak on nurses working in the Emergency Department of Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Fiji, in 2021.To describe the lessons learned and recommendations for the future.Method/Description:Focus Group Discussion with two groups of nurses: (1) ED nurse and (2) nurses seconded to provide a surge workforce in the most acute phase.Results/Outcomes:Preliminary findings show that nurses were lacking in confidence and frightened about the growing epidemic. Resources, material and human, were initially in short supply. The agency of the nurses as result of their post-graduate study and due to the collegial environment in ED resulted in increased supplies of PPE and changes to nursing practice (eg, web-based handover). Final results pending.Conclusion:The preliminary findings of this research illustrate that even in low-resource settings, with the right support and effective nursing leadership, nurses can provide safe and effective care to patients. The research illustrates the benefits of sound, relevant education, the crucial importance of teamwork, the importance of networks, the important benefits of early deployment of the MET, and the need for effective nursing leadership.
Establishing a National Emergency Medical Team (EMT) in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)
Authors: Casey Sean T. , Pretrick Moses E. , Johnson Eliaser , Sarofalpiy Joanes , Fredrick Mayson , Takeuchi Momoe 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a Pacific Island nation of just over 100,000 people, with 607 islands spread over an ocean territory of over 2.5 million square kilometers. The nation is regularly struck by disasters and outbreaks - most recently Typhoons Wutip and Maysak, which affected populations on hundreds of islands. To strengthen rapid response to future emergencies, the FSM Government, with support from WHO, Japan, and USAID, is now developing a national Emergency Medical Team.1Objectives:To describe the development of FSM’s national EMT.Method/Description:FSM’s EMT development began with a workshop facilitated by WHO in November 2019, with participants from the National Department of Health & Social Affairs (DHSA) and representatives from all four of FSM’s State Health Departments. A national EMT focal point was jointly hired by WHO and FSM’s DHSA, a Technical Working Group was established, and SOPs developed. WHO initiated procurement of a tailored Pacific EMT cache for FSM’s EMT, along with other Pacific EMTs. FSM’s EMT development has been slowed by COVID-19, but there are plans to train team members from the country’s four States to be ready for self-sufficient national deployments by early 2023.Results/Outcomes:With support from partners, FSM is developing a self-sufficient national EMT capable of rapid response across hundreds of islands spread over a vast ocean territory.Conclusion:FSM is strengthening readiness for future emergencies by developing a national EMT capable of rapid response to the most remote and austere post-disaster conditions, including throughout its remote outer islands.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Small Nomadic Medical Assistance Team to Support Remote Indigenous Communities in Canada during COVID-19 Outbreaks
Authors: Mazurik Laurie , Farrell Terri 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:In Canada, access to health care is considered a universal right, however, many Indigenous communities exist in austere settings and the major health care provided is through a nursing station. As a result, they are vulnerable to developing acute staff shortages during COVID-19 outbreaks.Objectives:Trial the effectiveness of a Nomadic Medical Assistance Team (NoMAT) to mitigate sudden staff shortages caused by a COVID-19 outbreak in a remote Indigenous community served only by a nursing station.Method/Description:Indigenous Services Canada funded a pilot and NoMAT was deployed from March 13 through April 2, 2022 to a small Indigenous community in remote Northern Ontario, Canada.The team consisted of up to seven personnel: MD, Nurse, Nurse Practitioner, Physician Assistant, Paramedic, Data Support, and Logistics. Individuals served from one-to-two weeks of a three-week deployment. If there was a shortage, the MD could be virtual. Local health resources were used and the team resided at the local school.Results/Outcomes:The NoMAT rapidly: (1) worked with the local team to co-develop outbreak management; (2) identified high-risk patients for treatment; (3) supported non-COVID-19 patient care; and (4) reduced a backlog of care.Conclusion:The NoMAT strategy is highly effective and efficient in mitigating the impact of both COVID-19 surges and reducing backlogs of care. The next step is developing a proposal for full-time teams.
Teaching family law in neoliberal times
Authors: Mant Jessica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcross scholarship and legal practice, family law is widely recognised as a subject that is inextricable from the social and cultural forces that shape our understanding of how families work and how they are positioned within society. This paper argues that it is now time to build upon this by integrating an explicit awareness of political context into how we teach family law. This is because teachers of family law are now faced with an urgent challenge: the encroachment of neoliberal governance into all corners of family justice. Neoliberal ideas are far from new, but they are increasingly shaping dominant ideas about what family law is for, who should be entitled to use it and, even in some circumstances, questioning the very legitimacy of family law or legal processes as means for supporting families experiencing breakdown. In response to this challenge, this paper advocates the importance of guiding students to look beyond family law doctrine in order to consider how political initiatives, trends and debates have the power to shape the procedures and processes through which family disputes are resolved. It will argue that drawing this contextual awareness into family law studies is crucially important to ensure that the future development of family law as both a scholarly discipline and an area of practice is centred on the needs and lived experiences of families who need it.
Stratigraphic and Spatial Extent of HALIP Magmatism in Central Spitsbergen
Authors: Senger Kim , Galland Olivier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRapid extensive magmatism may have a profound effect on global climate by liberating and releasing greenhouse gases to the atmosphere through contact metamorphism of lithologically heterogeneous host rocks and degassing of magma and associated lava flows. The high Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard offers accessible, superbly exposed outcrops revealing Early Cretaceous magmatism associated with the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). In this contribution, we investigate the onshore‐offshore intrusive complex of central Spitsbergen formed due to HALIP activity, that is, the Diabasodden Suite. This is the most “data‐rich” part of Svalbard due to past petroleum exploration and research drilling. In this area, the predominantly dolerite intrusions are emplaced in a range of host rocks ranging from Permian carbonate‐dominated successions to organic‐rich shale‐dominated successions of Middle Triassic and Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous age. Two hundred sixty five individual igneous intrusions, covering 72 km2, are exposed onshore in the study area. This equates to approximately 0.14–2.5 km3 of emplaced magma. In addition, subsurface characterization using borehole, seismic and magnetic data indicates that an area of additional ca. 3,000 km2 is affected by magmatism (magma volume 3.2–195.2 km3). Wireline logs in boreholes characterize both intrusions and associated aureoles. Aureoles with very low resistivity indicate occurrence of organic‐rich shales suggesting past fluid circulation and de‐gassing. This study forms the foundation for quantifying HALIP‐related magmatism in the data‐poorer parts of Svalbard, and other circum‐Arctic basins.
Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Estimation From Passive Microwave Satellite Observations Between 1.4 and 36 GHz
Authors: Soriot Clément , Prigent Catherine , Jimenez Carlos , Frappart Frédéric 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArctic sea ice thickness (SIT) has been mostly retrieved from lidar and radar altimeters since the 2000s. However, the repeatability of altimeters and their spatial coverage limit SIT estimates spatially and temporally. On the other hand, the passive microwave (PMW) radiometers have daily basin‐scale coverage of the Arctic. In this study, we propose a SIT retrieval from PMW observations, derived from a statistical inversion technique. It is based on the evidence of high correlations between PMW observations and existing altimetric satellite‐derived SIT, especially at 36 GHz. Lidar ICESat‐2 SIT products are used to train a neural network with multiple combinations of brightness temperatures between 1.4 and 36 GHz as inputs over the 2018–2019 time period. The PMW retrieved SIT can mimic the lidar SIT product over the full winter over the Arctic, with a correlation of 0.85, and a root mean square difference (RMSD) of 0.54 cm. Results are also compared with the SIT product CS2SMOS (CryoSat‐2 and Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity merged product), with SIT from a coupled ice/ocean reanalysis model and with the Operation IceBridge QuickLook airborne SIT measurements. The PMW SIT retrieval with all frequencies from 1.4 to 36 GHz shows a correlation of 0.72 and a RMSD of 57 cm when compared to OIB‐QL measurements, for large SIT (mostly above 3 m), under multi‐year ice environments. The PMW SIT retrieval using only 18 and 36 GHz has similar performances and could allow the calculation of long time series, these microwave frequencies being available from satellites since the 1980s.
On the Model of Equatorial Magnetic‐Archimedes‐Coriolis Waves Propagating at Earth's Core Surface and the Potential Implications
Authors: Duan Pengshuo , Huang Chengli , Xu Cancan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purposes of this work are (a) clarifying the specific latitude range in which the currently physical model of the equatorial trapped Magnetic‐Archimedes‐Coriolis (namely eMAC) waves propagating atop the Earth's core can own the enough accuracy to describe the hydromagnetic waves; (b) presenting the systematically analytical expressions to represent the physical properties (e.g., the equatorial confinement and latitudinal distribution, damping rate , eigen‐period T) of the eMAC waves. Here, the new results indicate that: (a) the eMAC wave model can own the high accuracy (i.e., the relative errors are less than 5%) to describe the core waves in the regions with latitude below 25°; (b) the equatorial confinement and latitudinal distribution law is essentially governed by a specific solution form with the typical Hermite polynomial term of degree ; (c) the damping rate can be estimated by (μ being the vacuum permeability, being the core electrical conductivity, H being the stratified layer thickness of the core), showing that the magnetic diffusivity () can cause the ohmic dissipation of the waves; besides, the H value is predicted to be larger than 20 km, when matches the observed 8.5 years period. This work also presents the analytical models for the perturbated magnetic fields due to the eMAC waves, presenting that the azimuthal perturbed magnetic field (with degree n = 1) is mainly confined to the equatorial regions with latitude below ∼15°, the profile of which coincides with the azimuthal core surface flows inferred from the geomagnetic observations.
Subseasonal Warming of Surface Soil Enhances Precipitation Over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau in Early Summer
Authors: Qi Xin , Yang Jing , Xue Yongkang , Bao Qing , Wu Guoxiong , Ji Duoying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe precipitation over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP, here defined as 29°–38°N, 91°–103°E) usually exhibits significant subseasonal variation during boreal summer. As the hot spot of land‐air interaction, the influences of ETP surface soil temperature (Tsoil) on the local precipitation through subseasonal land‐air interaction are still unclear but urgently needed for improving subseasonal prediction. Based on station and reanalysis datasets of 1979–2018, this study identifies the evident quasi‐biweekly (QBW) (9–30 days) periodic signal of ETP surface Tsoil variation during the early summer (May–June), which results from the anomalies of southeastward propagating mid‐latitude QBW waves in the mid‐to‐upper troposphere. The observational results further show that the maximum positive anomaly of precipitation over the ETP lags the warmest surface Tsoil by one phase at the QBW timescale, indicating that the warming surface Tsoil could enhance the subseasonal precipitation. The numerical experiments using the WRF model further demonstrate the effect of warming surface Tsoil on enhancing the local cyclonic and precipitation anomaly through increasing upward sensible heat flux, the ascending motion, and water vapor convergence at the QBW timescale. In contrast, the effect of soil moisture over the ETP is much weaker than Tsoil at the subseasonal timescale. This study confirms the importance of surface Tsoil over the ETP in regulating the precipitation intensity, which suggests better simulating the land thermal feedback is crucial for improving the subseasonal prediction.