bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit, Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Host Factors Attributing the COVID-19 Pandemic. Part 3- Host Factor GDP: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Gahtori Archana , Pargaien Amrita , Ghosh Surajit Kumar , Bhat Hans Raj , Kumar Vikas , Singh Udaya Pratap , Gahtori Prashant 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite successful large laboratory studies, the progression of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still underway. As with a short time, COVID-19 escalated into a 'global pandemic', emphasized a special attention for ‘global data analysis’. Using a large global dataset (n=166), we demonstrate that COVID-19 distribution remained particularly unequal across the world's four income groups and global percentage of infectivity including deaths fairly suppressed from high (18.44% e.g. Estonia- 2385 deaths), upper middle (4.44% e.g. Mauritius- 934 deaths), lower middle (2.64% e.g. Timor Leste- 129 deaths) to low-income countries (0.23% e.g. Burundi- 38 deaths). All above reported 4 countries have almost similar population (1.2M-1.3M). Both deaths and infectivity differences between high and upper middle, or upper middle and lower middle, or lower middle and low provides fair visibility in unbiased analyses. Nonetheless, a significant linear relationship (r= 0.72 ± 0.02) over a long 18 months between GDP and COVID-19 infection by country entails risk of contracting COVID-19 (Mar 2020: t-test one-tail/two-tail p < 0.05, F-test one-tail p< 0.05, df= 165, F= 449.03, r2= 0.732, r2 aj= 0.731 and SS=63867700637). Our finding connects health areas that shape unequal distribution of COVID-19 through the resident functional alleles, for example HLA-A*01:01 and HLA-B*46:01 alleles for increased risk in high income countries. The evidence-based views laid foundation for unusual heterogenic immune responses among different human habitats. The ancient evolution theory by natural selection also underlies high susceptibility in high-income countries, due to no adaptive challenges for the lives and improved living standards over the years.
Determination of an Optimum Extraction Region for the Recovery of Antioxidants From Olive Leaves (Olea Europaea L.) Using Dynamic Ple With Water/ethanol Mixtures
Authors: Silva Patrícia Sabino , Viell Franciele Leila Giopato , Ineu Rafael Porto , Bona Evandro , Dias Maria Inês , Ferreira Isabel C.F.R. , Barros Lillian , Gonçalves Odinei Hess , Leimann Fernanda Vitória , Filho Lucio Cardozo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction with water and ethanol was employed to obtain high antioxidant extracts from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.). The influence of solvent ratio (100–50% v/v water/ethanol), temperature (100–200°C), and solvent flow rate (1–5 mL min− 1) on the extraction process was investigated using a Box-Behnken experimental design. ANOVA was applied to determine the overall goodness of fit of the dependent variables (extraction yield, antioxidant capacity by DPPH, total flavonoids, total iridoid-glycoside, and total phenolic content) in second-order models. For the optimization, these models were used to find the optimal conditions using the Sequential Simplex optimization procedure combined with Derringer and Suich’s desirability function to maximize antioxidant capacity, total iridoid-glycoside recovery, and total phenolic content. The optimal conditions for extraction were determined at a solvent ratio of 53–65% v/v water/ethanol, the extraction temperature of 100–120°C, and a 3–4 mL.min− 1 solvent flow rate. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified in the samples using HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn, and also two phenolic acids (hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosol glucoside), four flavonols (apigenin-6,8-C-dihexoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, luteolin-O-hexoside, and derivatives), and nine iridoid-glycosides (verbascoside, oleuropein, and derivatives). Oleuropein derivates were identified as the major phenolic compounds in the extract obtained at optimal conditions.
Effect of the External Shocks on the Predictability of Remittances flows from Developed Countries
Authors: KIMM GNANGNON SENA 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present analysis has explored the effect of external shocks on the predictability of remittances outflows, by relying on an unbalanced panel of 24 developed countries over the period of 1996-2020. Results are obtained by means of the within fixed effects estimator, and indicate that external shocks reduce the predictability of remittances outflows, with a higher effect on the positive predictability of these capital outflows than on the negative predictability of these capital outflows. The negative effect of external shocks on the predictability of remittances outflows operates through the economic growth channel, with the magnitude of this negative effect being higher in countries with low economic growth rates. External shocks enhance the predictability of remittances outflows in less developed countries among advanced economies, but reduce it in relatively more advanced economies. Finally, external shocks reduce the predictability of remittances outflows in countries that experience a decline in the migrants inflows. This finding has implications for the economic and development prospects of the countries of origin of migrants.
Does Environmentally Responsible Investment Enhance Firm Profitability? An Institutional Perspective
Authors: Khalid Fahad , Naveed Khwaja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Adopting the institutional perspective as its theoretical underpinning, this study seeks to unearth the antecedents of the mixed results in the extant literature on the association between environmentally responsible investment (ERI) and firm profitability. The study sample comprises an unbalanced sample of 2290 firm-year observations of China’s A-share listed firms for the period 2010–2019. The findings indicate that ERI enhances firms’ profitability, and the positive association is reinforced by the promulgation of environmental protection law. Regional development also augments ERI’s positive effect on firms’ profitability. Nevertheless, no significant association is observed between firms’ profitability and ERI within firms operating in environmentally sensitive sectors. Our findings imply that in addition to regulatory forces, normative and cognitive pressures are also important factors that governments may employ to motivate firms to become environmentally friendly and embrace sustainable practices. Theoretically, we content that these factors serve as a link between institutional growth and corporate environmental management practices.
Medial Patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using a digital tensiometer to determine graft tension：surgical technique and mid-term follow-up
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Mou Limin , Gao Jin , Wang Shuhua , Ma Qiang , Abulaiti Aierxiding , shen Zhimin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: When undertaking patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, there are various methods of getting the proper tension for the graft, and the choice of the finest method remains controversial.Previously, a digital tensiometer was used to simulate knee structure, and a tension of approximately 2 N was quantified to restore patellofemoral track[11], but it is unclear whether a tension of 2 N restores patellofemoral tracks during the operation. The purpose of this study was to verify the tension of the graft using a digital tensiometer for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and to perform an mid-term follow-up.Methods: Thirty-nine patients with recurrent patellar dislocation were included in the study. Patellar instability and patellar tilt angle and Patellar congruence angle were confirmed preoperatively by computed tomography (CT) and X-ray, history of dislocation and patellar apprehension test. Knee function was assessed by preoperative and postoperative Lysholm and Kujala scoresResults: 39 knees (39 cases)，including 22 female and 17 male individuals with an average age of 21.10±7.26 , were included.39 people have been followed up by telephone or face-to-face questionnaires and have been followed up for at least 24 months.Preoperative history of ≥2 patellar dislocation, none of which was treated surgically. Intraoperatively, all underwent isolated MPFL reconstruction and release of the Lateral retinacular. Mean Kujala and Lysholm scores were 91.28±4.90,and 90.67±5.15, respectively.Mean The patellar tilt angle (PTA) the patellar congruence angle (PCA)were 11.5±2.63,and 2.38±3.58, respectively.39 people did not undergo reoperation during the follow-up period.In general,36patients (36/39;92.31%) were absolutely painless when Completing daily activities at the last follow-up.CONCLUSION: We conclude that the graft tension required to restore a normal patellofemoral relationship in clinical practice is approximately 24N and that the use of 2N tension is too low. Reconstruction of the patellofemoral ligament using a tensiometer is a more accurate and reliable surgical procedure for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation. Level of Evidence: Level IV—case series.
Epidemiological Study of Snakebite Cases Admitted in Godey Hospital, Shebelle Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, June, 2016
Authors: Mohammed Yusuf , Nafis Farah , Niguse Ayalew , Kaba Zalalem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Every year, most snakebite envenomation occurs worldwide. The highest number of snakebites is recorded from Asia, Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Snake-bite included in the WHO’s (World Health Organization) list of neglected tropical diseases. The load of snakebite in Ethiopia is unknown, perhaps because of underreporting. No study done on existing data at Godey hospital. Therefore, the aim of current study was, to characterize the distribution of victims by time, place, and person, to know the extent of the problem and coming with recommendation.Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study at Godey hospital from May 15-22/2016. We collected data, which describe the characteristics of snakebite according to the age, sex, kebeles from which cases came, woredas, and final patient’s outcome. We included all cases visited emergency wards from September 2014 to May 2016. We entered, cleaned, and analyzed collected data by using Microsoft Excel 2007. Furthermore, we secured permission for data collection from hospitals officials.Result: Starting from September 2014 to May 2016, 45 snakebite victims were reported. The death was 2 making a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 4.4%. The age ranges from 1 year to 60 years, with a mean age of 20.1 years. Majority 26(57.8%) of were those age group ranging from 1 to 15, while least (6.7%) age group was those from 31 to 45. About 75.6% of cases were those under 30 years. Majority 30(66.7%) of cases were male. About 91.1% of cases were reported from rural kebeles of Godey woreda. The bites were reported in all months of the years except January, and a peak report was in May. Low extremity accounts to majority (65%) of site of bites. Under registration of patients, morbidity, mortality, and not registering important variable were among problem remarked.Conclusion: This was snakebite among patients seen at Godey hospital in which males affected more than females, and maximum snakebite incidence viewed in rural concerns. Registration of patients’ improvement, further region wide study to document the most common venomous snakes’ species, incidence, morbidity, and mortality of snakebites in Ethiopian Somali Region, are among recommendation.
Hypoxia/inflammation-induced upregulation of HIF-1α and C/EBPβ, promoted nephroblastoma EMT by improving HOXA11-AS transcription
Authors: Zhu Shibo , Liang Shen , Tang Xiangliang , Zhao Zhang , Jia Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) A11 antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS) has been identified as a cancer promoter lncRNA and overexpressed in nephroblastoma. However, how HOXA11-AS is regulated in hypoxia and inflammation environment has not been studied. In this study, genes expression and EMT ability were detected in nephroblastoma cell line WiT49 under hypoxia and inflammation environment. Then HOXA11-AS transcription factors were predicted by datasets and they were confirmed by CHIP-QPCR, EMSA and Dual-luciferase reporter assay. Next, the regulation relationships of HOXA11-AS and its transcription factors were further confirmed by rescue experiments. Our results showed that the hypoxia microenvironment promoted the expression of HOXA11-AS and nephroblastoma progression, induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and activated the Wnt signaling pathway. Combined hypoxia and inflammation have a more substantial effect than single hypoxia or inflammation on nephroblastoma. HIF-1α and C/EBPβ were confirmed to be the transcription factors of HOXA11-AS. Silencing HIF-1α or C/EBPβ downregulated the expression of HOXA11-AS, suppressed EMT and Wnt signaling pathway in nephroblastoma cells under hypoxia or inflammation microenvironments. HOXA11-AS overexpression partly reversed the effect of HIF-1α or C/EBPβ knockdown. In conclusion, we demonstrated that hypoxia/inflammation-induced upregulation of HIF-1α and C/EBPβ, promoted nephroblastoma EMT by improving HOXA11-AS transcription. HOXA11-AS might be a therapy target of nephroblastoma.
mTOR signaling pathway regulate glucose metabolism and function of CD4 + Tregs in SKOV3 growth environment
Authors: Wu Ming , Fu Xin , Xu Rui , Liu Shuna , Li Rong , Xu Juan , Shang Wenwen , Wang Fang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological malignancy, and immunotherapy is expected to be an important strategy to improve the prognosis of patients. However, the complex immunosuppressive microenvironment is a major obstacle to the immunotherapy of ovarian cancer. Studies have shown that TLRs can regulate the differentiation and function of T cells directly or indirectly, the activation of TLR8 signal can regulate the glycometabolism pathway of CD4+ Tregs and thus regulate its function. But the pathway through which TLR8 regulates the glucose metabolism of CD4+ Tregs is still unclear. It was found that the positive expression rates of mTOR in CD4+ Tregs of OC were significantly higher than that in HC, and also significantly higher than that in CD4+ Teffs of OC. What’s more, compared with CD4+ Teffs group, CD4+ Tregs highly expressed genes and proteins related to mTOR signal. After blocking mTOR signal of CD4+ Tregs and CD4+ Teffs, the expression levels of genes and proteins related to glucose metabolism were lower than that of the control group and levels of glucose uptake and glycolysis were also declined. At the same time, inhibition of mTOR signal and activation of TLR8 signal have a coordinated inhibitory effect on the glucose metabolism and immunosuppressive function of CD4+ Tregs. Furthermore, the key molecule of TLR8 signal p38 MAPK controls mTOR signal and in the process of TLR8-mediated reversal of CD4+ Tregs inhibitory function, mTOR signal plays an important role, which suggested that activation of TLR8 signal inhibited glucose metabolism of CD4+ Tregs by down-regulating mTOR signaling and thus reversed the immunosuppressive functions of CD4+ Tregs in growth environment of ovarian cancer cells.
Efficacy of anterior debridement and bone grafting with fusion using internal fixation combined with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in the treatment of subaxial cervical tuberculosis
Authors: Luan Haopeng , Liu Kai , Wang Yao , Kahaer Alafate , Sheng Weibin , Maimaiti Maierdan , Deng Qiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy of anterior debridement and bone grafting with fusion using internal fixation (BFIF) combined with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in the treatment of subaxial cervical spine tuberculosis (SCS-TB).Methods: Clinical and radiographic data of patients with SCS-TB treated by anterior debridement and BFIF at our hospital from January 2010 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The SCS sagittal parameters at the preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up were documented and compared, including the Occiput-C2 angle, C2-C7 Cobb angle, local Cobb angle, spinal canal angle (SCA), C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7 SVA), the center of gravity of the head-C7 sagittal vertical axis (CGH-C7 SVA), T1 slope (T1S), neck tilt (NT), and thoracic inlet angle (TIA). The ASIA grade, NDI index, JOA score, and VAS score were utilized to assess the postoperative function recovery, and the complications were recorded. Results: A total of 23 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 46.7 years (range, 23 to 74 years), including 8 males and 15 females. All patients with SCS-TB were treated with anterior debridement and BFIF (Figures 1-2), with a mean postoperative follow-up time of 35.9 months (range, 25 to 84 months). The poisoning symptoms of TB were relieved in all patients, and ESR (42.09±9.53 vs 8.04±5.41, P<0.05) and CRP (30.37±16.02 vs 7.4±2.68, P<0.05) were decreased at the three postoperative months in the comparison of the preoperative. The C0-C2 Cobb angle, C2-C7 Cobb angle, local Cobb angle, SCA, TIS, C2-C7 SVA, and CGH-C7 SVA were corrected remarkably after surgery (P<0.05). Further, there was a significant improvement in the JOA, VAS, and NDI with the comparison of the preoperative (P<0.05).Conclusions: Anterior debridement and BFIF combined with anti-TB chemotherapy was a practical tool for the treatment of SCS-TB with the help of SCS sagittal parameters, which can remove the lesion completely, decompress the spinal cord compression, and correct the kyphotic deformity to restore the spine sagittal balance.
KIT-c-Jun Signaling Up-regulated HMGCS1 to Promote Colorectal Cancer Development
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Khawar , Yang Liu , Sun Haimei , Sun Tingyi , Wu Bo , Ma Jian , Liu Xiaohui , Chen Hong , Yang Shu , Zhou Deshan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks 2nd in morbidity and 3rd in mortality among all cancers worldwide. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) is ubiquitously expressed in humans. Remarkably, the mevalonate pathway is often dysregulated in many cancers, suggesting tumor dependency on this classic metabolic pathway. In addition to altered substrates in the mevalonate pathway, it was recently found that HMGCS1 was highly expressed in prostate, melanoma and breast cancers. The transmembrane glycoprotein KIT is critical for the survival and development of various cells through activating downstream pathways and targets. Our previous research has proved that KIT is hyper-expressed in CRC and promotes CRC progression. However, whether HMGCS1 mediates the tumor-promoting effect of KIT signaling has not been unclosed.Material and Methods: We investigated the regulatory mechanism of KIT signaling on HMGCS1 expression and the role of increased HMGCS1 in CRC development by the use of gene over-expression and knock-down techniques in CRC cells, biological function tests, protein-DNA binding detection, bioinformatics, database analysis and c-kit loss-of-function mutant mice (Wadsm/m). Results: HMGCS1 was up-regulated by KIT-JNK-c-Jun signaling in CRC cells and could be a biomarker for CRC. Highly expressed HMCGS1 promoted CRC cell proliferation and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis. Our results provided evidence for the role of HMGCS1 in CRC progression and suggested that blocking KIT-JNK-c-Jun-HMGCS1 might be a new strategy for treating CRC patients.Conclusion: Our results indicated that KIT signaling could up-regulate HMGCS1 in CRC mediated by Ap-1/c-Jun. Hyper-expressed HMGCS1 promotes CRC cell proliferation and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis.
Testing an educational intervention to improve health care providers’ preparedness to care for victims of elder abuse. A mixed method pilot study.
Authors: Simmons Johanna , Motamedi Atbin , Ludvigsson Mikael , Swahnberg Katarina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Elder abuse is prevalent and associated with ill-health. However, health care providers often lack education about elder abuse and older patients’ victimization often remains unknown to them. In this pilot study we performed initial testing of an educational model aiming at improving health care providers’ preparedness to care for older adults subjected to abuse, or more specifically their self-reported propensity to ask older patients questions about abuse and perceived ability to manage the response.
Methods
The educational model consisted of a full training day about elder abuse, including theory, group discussions and forum theatre. Forum theatre is an interactive form of drama in which participants are not only observers, but rather spect-actors, urged to participate in the scene. They are thereby given the opportunity to discuss and practise difficult health care encounters. Medical interns (intervention group n = 16, control group n = 14) in Sweden participated in the study and a mixed method convergent parallel design was used. Quantitative data was collected at baseline and 6 months post-intervention using a questionnaire (the REAGERA-P). Qualitative interviews were conducted with four of the participants in the intervention group and data was analysed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
The reported frequency of asking older patients questions about abuse increased in the intervention group (p = 0.047), but not the control group (p = 0.38) post-intervention. Potential mediators for the improvement were an increased awareness of elder abuse and higher self-efficacy for asking questions about elder abuse. Participants also reported a higher perceived ability to manage cases of elder abuse, even though uncertainties concerning how to provide the best possible care remained. The qualitative interviews indicated that learning from each other in group discussions and forum theatre likely was an important contributor to the positive results.
Conclusion
This pilot test indicated that the educational model may be effective in improving health care providers’ preparedness to care for older adults subjected to abuse. However, uncertainties about how to handle elder abuse cases remained post-intervention. In a future full-scale test of the model more focus needs to be put on how to manage cases of elder abuse.
Physicochemical Properties of Imported and Locally Produced Honey did not translate into its Microbial Quality and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Nzeh Joseph , Quansah Lydia , Dufailu Osman Adamu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Honey is often considered a good substitute for sugar. However, concerns about the poor quality of locally produced honey have necessitated the importation of honey to meet the domestic demand in spite of Ghana’s good climatic conditions suitable for honey production. Due to the increasing level of demand for honey both locally and internationally, we highlighted here the need for an assessment of the physicochemical, microbiological quality and antibiotics resistance of microbes isolated from the imported and locally produced honey vis-à-vis international standards. Thirty honey samples which comprise 7 imported and 23 locally produced were randomly sampled from retail outlets consisting of supermarkets, marts, shops, and open markets as well as from production sites within the northern region for physicochemical analysis, microbial analysis and antibiogram. Results of the physicochemical quality analysis showed that sampled honey (both imported and locally produced) was within acceptable set standards. However, microbial quality was poor as a high incidence of bacterial contamination and resistance was recorded in the study. The High incidence of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance recorded in this study gives an indication that all is not well in the honey industry and therefore the need for serious concern to avert possible health issues associated with the consumption of honey found within the region.