bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of Dyspareunia From Pregnancy to 24 Months Postpartum
Authors: Rosen Natalie O. , Dawson Samantha J. , Binik Yitzchak M. , Pierce Marianne , Brooks Melissa , Pukall Caroline , Chorney Jill , Snelgrove-Clarke Erna , George Ronald 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2022;139(3):391–399)
Dyspareunia, defined as pain during vaginal intercourse, commonly affects women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Although its prevalence has been extensively studied, the wide variability in prevalence estimates may be explained by heterogeneity in trajectories of dyspareunia, which have not been established.
Relationship Between Attitudes and Beliefs About Sleep, Sleep Disturbance, and Pain Interference in Patients With Spinal Pain
Authors: Neilson Brett D. , Shepherd Mark H. , Dickerson Chris , Chaconas Eric J. , Young Jodi L. , Rhon Daniel I. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
Sleep impairments are a strong predictor of pain, making sleep a potential interest when treating patients with spine pain. Typical beliefs about the importance of sleep in patients seeking care for spinal pain are unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the beliefs and attitudes about sleep in patients seeking care for spinal pain and to examine the relationships between dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (DBAS), disordered sleep, and pain interference.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included patients presenting to physical therapy with spine pain. Participants completed questionnaires including demographics, medical history, pain interference (pain, enjoyment, and general activity), DBAS-16, and sleep-related impairment (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System). Correlations were calculated between DBAS-16 scores and measures of sleep quality/quantity, and a generalized linear model was used to investigate the predictive ability of DBAS-16 scores on pain interference.

Results:
The mean DBAS-16 score was 4.22 (SD=2.03), with 52.5% of participants having DBAS. There was a strong relationship between DBAS-16 and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (r
s=0.7; P<0.001). For every point higher score on the DBAS-16, pain interference scores increased by approximately half a point (B=0.46; 95% CI 0.33, 0.59, 1.80; P <0.001)

Discussion:
These results highlight a strong relationship between beliefs and attitudes about sleep and measures of sleep quality/quantity and a linear association with pain interference scores. These findings provide a rationale for targeting beliefs and attitudes about sleep when managing pain-related symptoms in patients seeking care for spine pain.
Verrucous Melanoma Presenting as a Cutaneous Horn
Authors: Bur Delfina , Thibodeaux Quinn , Keeling Brett 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Verrucous malignant melanoma (MM) is a rare variant of melanoma that often presents diagnostic challenges. This case highlights the unique presentation of verrucous MM underlying a cutaneous horn. It is vital for dermatologists to be aware of this potentially benign-appearing variant to be able to diagnose and treat MM early on.
Late capsular blockage syndrome: Clinical and anterior segment optical coherence tomography characteristics
Authors: Yang Hsin-Yu , Kao Sui-Ching , Tsai Chieh-Chih , Yu Wei-Kuang 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Late capsular blockage syndrome (CBS) is a rare phenomenon which is found after cataract surgery. The mechanism, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) presentation, and clinical characteristics are not well studied.

Methods:
We studied patients who developed late CBS in Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2012 to 2019. Age, sex, systemic disease, ocular disease, interval between cataract surgery and CBS, axial length, type of intraocular lens implanted, grading of posterior capsular opacity, refraction, visual acuity, and anterior segment OCT findings were documented. Patients are categorized into two groups according to anterior segment OCT findings. All patients underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and were prescribed a low-dose topical steroid for 7 days. Postcapsulotomy refraction and visual acuity were recorded. All the clinical data were compared in the two groups.

Results:
This study included 18 eyes with late CBS. Patients’ median age was 80 (range, 54–92) years. The mean duration between cataract surgery and CBS diagnosis was 80.28 (range 15–136) months. According to anterior segment OCT findings, we subcategorized the patients into two groups: gravel appearance (n = 7) and milky (n = 11) appearance. After laser capsulotomy, mean visual acuity improved 0.18 ± 0.10 on the LogMAR. A significant myopic shift in refraction after laser capsulotomy was noted in the gravel appearance group compared to the milky appearance group (p = 0.027). No patient developed complications or needed further treatment for CBS during the median follow-up of 14.5 months (range 1–84 months).

Conclusion:
High-resolution anterior segment OCT is useful for analyzing patients with late CBS. Our study implies that the two types of CBS presentation indicate different causes of late CBS formation, as well as distinct clinical presentation and postlaser capsulotomy refractive outcome. In addition, YAG laser capsulotomy is a safe late CBS treatment modality.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors attenuates osteoporosis in patients with diabetes: A nationwide, retrospective, matched-cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chia-Hao , Lu Chieh Hua , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Su Sheng-Chiang , Kuo Feng-Chih , Liu Jhih-Syuan , Li Peng-Fei , Huang Chia-Luen , Chen Kuan-Chan , Ho Li-Ju , Kuo Chih-Chun , Chang Chun-Yung , Lin Ming-Shiun , Liu Yi-Chen , Chu Nain-Feng , Lee Chien-Hsing , Hung Yi-Jen , Hsieh Po-Shiuan , Lin Fu-Huang , Hsieh Chang-Hsun , Chien Wu-Chien 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Patients with diabetes have a relatively high risk of fracture due to osteoporosis. However, the risk of osteoporosis associated with the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) by patients with diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of DPP-4i on the risk of osteoporosis in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:
This study enrolled 6339 patients on DPP-4i (DPP-4i group) and 25 356 patients without DPP-4i (non-DPP-4i group). They were matched by 1:4 propensity score matching, using confounding variables including sex, age, comorbidities, medication, and index year. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to compare hospitalization and mortality during an average follow-up period of 7 years.

Results:
The mean age of patients in the two groups was 66 years. Men were slightly higher in number (51.79%) than women. At the end of the follow-up period, 113 (0.36%) patients had osteoporosis, of which 15 (0.24%) were in the case group and 98 (0.39%) in the control group. The risk of all-cause osteoporosis was significantly lower in the DPP-4i group than in the non-DPP-4i group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.616; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.358–0.961; p = 0.011). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the preventive effect on osteoporosis was positively correlated with the cumulative dose of DPP-4i (log-rank, p = 0.039) with the class effect.

Conclusion:
Compared with not using DPP-4i, the use of DPP-4i in Taiwanese T2DM patients was associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis due to the class effect, and the preventive effect was dose-dependent. However, larger prospective studies are needed to validate this finding and to explore the possible mechanism of the preventive effect of DPP-4i.
Associated Mortality Risk of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy for the Prevention of Stress Ulceration in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Reynolds Paul M. , Wells Lauren , Powell Marissa , MacLaren Robert 
Published: June 2022

Goals:
The aim was to systematically evaluate risks and benefits of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the critically ill patient.

Background:
Whether PPIs increase mortality in the critically ill patient remains controversial.

Study:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies with trial sequential analysis, Bayesian sensitivity analysis, and fragility index analysis.

Results:
A total of 31 studies in 78,009 critically ill adults receiving PPIs versus any comparator were included. PPI use was associated with an increased mortality risk in all studies [19.6% PPI vs. 17.5% comparator; RR: 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.20; P=0.01], in the subgroup of RCTs (19.4% vs. 18.7%; RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.0-1.09, P=0.04), but not cohort studies (19.9% vs. 16.7%; RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.98-1.28, P=0.09). Results were maintained with a Bayesian sensitivity analysis (RR: 1.13; 95% credible interval: 1.035-1.227) and a fragility index analysis, but not sequential analysis (P=0.16). RCTs with a higher baseline severity of illness revealed the greatest mortality risk with PPI use (32.1% PPI vs. 29.4% comparator; RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.14; P<0.001). PPI use reduced clinically important bleeding in RCTs (1.4% PPI vs. 2.1% comparator; RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.5-0.9; P=0.009) but increased bleeding in cohort studies (2.7% PPI vs. 1.2% comparator; RR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.2-3.52; P=0.009). PPI use was not associated with a lower incidence of clinically important bleeding when compared with histamine-2 receptor antagonists (1.3% vs. 1.9%; RR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.28-1.25, P=0.09).

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis demonstrated an association between PPI use and an increased risk of mortality.
Relevance of Excessive Air Swallowing in GERD Patients With Concomitant Functional Dyspepsia and Poor Response to PPI Therapy
Authors: Ribolsi Mentore , Savarino Edoardo , Frazzoni Marzio , Cicala Michele 
Published: June 2022

Goals:
The present study was aimed at evaluating the possible role of air swallowing in the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and concomitant functional dyspepsia (FD) and their role in GERD symptom persistence despite proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy.

Background:
It has been shown that individuals with excessive air swallowing experience FD. It has been also demonstrated that a consistent group of GERD patients not responding to PPI therapy swallow more air during mealtime and also have more mixed refluxes.

Materials and Methods:
Multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH tracings from consecutive patients were retrospectively evaluated. A validated structured questionnaire was used to evaluate GERD and concomitant FD symptoms. All patients were treated, within the previous year, with at least 8 weeks of standard-dose PPI therapy.

Results:
A total of 35 patients with conclusive GERD, 35 patients with reflux hypersensitivity, and 35 with functional heartburn were studied. A direct relationship was observed between the number of air swallows and of mixed refluxes (R=0.64). At receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, air swallows and mixed refluxes were significantly associated to the presence of FD and PPI refractoriness. An air swallow cutoff of 107 episodes/24 hours was identified to discriminate patients with and without FD (sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 82.8%). A mixed reflux cutoff of 34 episodes/24 hours was identified to discriminate PPI responders from nonresponders (sensitivity: 84.8%, specificity: 69%). At multivariate analysis, an abnormal number of air swallows and of mixed refluxes were significantly associated to FD and PPI refractoriness.

Conclusion:
Our study highlights the relevant role of excessive air swallowing in eliciting both dyspepsia and refractoriness of typical GERD symptoms to PPI therapy.
Recent Advances in Treatment of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Deng Tianqing , Liao Xiaoyang , Zhu Shaomi 
Published: June 2022

Importance
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a distressing condition experienced by approximately 1% of women trying to conceive. However, the treatment of RSA is a challenge both for clinicians and patients.

Objective
The aim of this review is to discuss the medical and surgical approach to the management of RSA, including those caused by anatomical, genetic, male, infectious, endocrine, and immune factors.

Evidence Acquisition
A literature search using MeSH terms for each topic was undertaken using PubMed, supplemented by hand searching for additional references. Retrieved articles were reviewed, synthesized, and summarized.

Results
Available treatments target hypothetical risk factors for RSA, although the effectiveness of many treatment options is controversial. Intervention should depend on the benefit-to-risk ratio of the proposed treatment.

Conclusions and Relevance
The etiology of RSA is heterogeneous, and patients often lack specific clinical manifestations, which has hindered the progress in predicting and preventing RSA to some extent. Despite intensive workup, at least 50% of couples do not have a clear underlying pathology. In addition, an evidence-based treatment is not available in most patients even if abnormal test results are present. Many new treatment directions are also still actively exploring; empirical and combined multiple treatments are still the main methods.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to describe common risk factors for RSA; formulate individualized treatment plans to improve pregnancy outcomes; and propose supportive treatment recommendations for patients with unclear causes.
Primary Toxoplasmosis Acquired During Early Pregnancy: Is it Currently Overestimated?
Authors: Trotta Michele , Trotta Alessandra , Spataro Elisa , Giache Susanna , Borchi Beatrice , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Campolmi Irene , Galli Luisa , Pasquini Lucia 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021;267:285–289)
One of the more severe infectious complications for fetuses is primary toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy, especially when this occurs during the first trimester, as this infection can have devastating neurological consequences. The generally asymptomatic nature of this infection in healthy pregnant women requires serological screening or testing.
B-Cell Lymphoma 6 Expression Is Not Associated With Live Birth in a Normal Responder In Vitro Fertilization Population
Authors: Klimczak Amber M. , Herlihy Nola S. , Scott Cynthia S. , Hanson Brent M. , Kim Julia G. , Titus Shiny , Seli Emre , Scott Richard Thomas 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2022;117:351–358)
Despite many advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART), including preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and embryo morphology grading, it remains unclear why some embryos fail to implant. Research efforts to answer this question have focused on testing both the embryo and the endometrium.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate megakaryocyte and platelet homeostasis
Authors: Gaertner Florian , Ishikawa-Ankerhold Hellen , Stutte Susanne , Fu Wenwen , Guo Chenglong , Weitz Jutta , Dueck Anne , Zhang Zhe , van den Heuvel Dominic , Fumagalli Valeria , Lorenz Michael , von Baumgarten Louisa , Stark Konstantin , Straub Tobias , von Stillfried Saskia , Boor Peter , Colonna Marco , Schulz Christian , Brocker Thomas , Walzog Barbara , Scheiermann Christoph , Engelhardt Stefan , Aird William C. , Petzold Tobias , Sixt Michael , Rudelius Martina , Nerlov Claus , Iannacone Matteo , Oostendorp Robert A. J. , Massberg Steffen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlatelet homeostasis is essential for vascular integrity and immune defense. While the process of platelet formation by fragmenting megakaryocytes (thrombopoiesis) has been extensively studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms required to constantly replenish the pool of megakaryocytes by their progenitor cells (megakaryopoiesis) remains unclear. Here we use intravital 2 photon microscopy to track individual megakaryopoiesis over days. We identify plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as crucial bone marrow niche cells that regulate megakaryopoiesis. pDCs monitor the bone marrow for platelet-producing megakaryocytes and deliver IFN-α to the megakaryocytic niche to trigger local on-demand proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors. This fine-tuned coordination between thrombopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis is crucial for megakaryocyte and platelet homeostasis in steady state and stress. However, uncontrolled pDC function within the megakaryocytic niche is detrimental. Accordingly, we show that pDCs activated by SARS-CoV2 drive inappropriate megakaryopoiesis associated with thrombotic complications. Together, we uncover a hitherto unknown megakaryocytic bone marrow niche maintained by the constitutive delivery of pDC-derived IFN-α.
Food deprivation modulates heart rate, motor neuron, and locomotion responses to acute administration of d-amphetamine in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Bansal Pushkar , Roitman Mitchell F. , Jung Erica E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPsychostimulant drugs are so named because they alter the cardiac, brain and behavioral responses in humans and other animals. Acute food deprivation or chronic food restriction potentiates the stimulatory effects of abused drugs and increases the propensity for relapse to drug seeking in drug-experienced animals. The mechanisms by which hunger affects cardiac and behavioral activities are only beginning to be elucidated. Moreover, changes in motor neuron activities at the single neuron level induced by the stimulants, and their modulation by hunger, remain unknown. Here we investigated how the state of hunger affects responses to d-amphetamine by measuring locomotion, cardiac output, and individual motor neuron activity in zebrafish larvae. We used wild-type larval zebrafish to record behavioral and cardiac responses and the larvae of mnx1:GCaMP transgenic zebrafish to record motor neuron responses. Acute administration of d-amphetamine in sated larvae did not induce a significant change in the motor responses (swimming distances, tail activity), heart rate, or motor neuron firing frequency to the stimulant. However, food deprivation enhanced amphetamine-evoked responses significantly. The results extend the finding that signals arising from food deprivation are a key potentiator of the drug responses induced by d-amphetamine to the zebrafish model. The larval zebrafish is an ideal model to further elucidate this interaction and identify key neuronal substrates that may increase vulnerability to drug reinforcement, drug-seeking and relapse.
Chromosome silencingin vitroreveals trisomy 21 causes cell-autonomous deficits in angiogenesis and early dysregulation in Notch signaling
Authors: Moon Jennifer E. , Lawrence Jeanne B. 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYDespite the prevalence and clinical importance of Down syndrome, little is known as to the specific cell pathologies that underlie this multi-system disorder. To understand which cell types and pathways are more directly impacted by trisomy 21, we used an inducible-XISTsystem to silence the extra chromosome 21 in a panel of patient-derived iPSCs. Transcriptomic analysis showed significant dysregulation of Notch signaling occurring as early as pluripotent stem cells, potentially impacting programming of multiple cell-types. Unbiased analysis from iPSCs revealed prominent dysregulation in two major cell type processes: neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is important for many systems impacted in Down syndrome but has been understudied; therefore, we focused on investigating whether trisomy 21 impacts endothelial cells. Anin vitroassay for microvasculature formation used in a tightly controlled system reveals a novel cellular pathology involving delays in angiogenic response during tube formation. Results demonstrate that this is a cell-autonomous effect of trisomy 21, and transcriptomic analysis of differentiated endothelial cells shows deficits in known angiogenesis regulators. This study reveals a major unknown cell pathology caused by trisomy 21 and highlights the importance of endothelial cell function for Down syndrome comorbidities, with wide reaching implications for development and disease progression.
Does extending the internship period in vocational schools of higher education lead to better employment results?: the case of Turkey
Authors: Alp Elif , Karadeniz Oğuz , Çağlar Atalay , İslamoğlu Emel 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study aids to examine the impact of extending the internship period on the transition from school to work of vocational school of higher education graduates and subsequent employment outcomes.Design/methodology/approachWithin the scope of the study, the results regarding the labour market of the vocational school students (experimental group) whose internship period were extended were compared with the results of the vocational school students (control group) whose internship period remained the same. Thus, it is provided to examine the effects of prolonging the internship period. The surveys were conducted five years after graduation.FindingsThe study found that increasing the duration of the internship period and making it a compulsory part of the curriculum facilitates the transition from school to work for graduates. Graduates who participate in the programme with a long internship period find a job in a shorter time and with higher wages than the control group. It is found that those in the experimental group with an extended internship period have higher employment rates and wage levels compared to those in the control group, five years after graduation.Originality/valueAlthough there are publications, in the international literature, on the impact of internship, there are only few publications in which experimental and control groups are formed, as in this article. The second contribution of the study is to measure the impact of internship on employment outcomes five years after graduation. The third important contribution of the study is that it was conducted in Turkey, which has a young population and is an emerging market. This study contributes significantly to the restructuring of vocational higher education, especially in countries that are struggling with youth unemployment.
Does working while studying affect education mismatch among youth? Evidence from Zambia
Authors: Chama-Chiliba Chitalu Miriam , Chewe Mwimba , Chileshe Kelvin , Hazele Hilary Chilala , Araar Abdelkrim 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to study the relationship between working while studying in college/university and education mismatch among employed youth in the Zambian labour market.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data from the 2014 School-to-Work Transition Survey and a multinomial logit model to examine three education-mismatch categories: undereducated, matched and overeducated. The paper also examines heterogeneities by education level and gender and uses empirical and subjective approaches of education mismatch.FindingsThe evidence shows that employed youth who worked while studying have a higher likelihood of having well-matched jobs. The subgroup analysis by education level reveals no significant relationship between working while studying among employed youth with higher education (secondary and above). However, employed youth with lower education (primary and lower) are less likely to be mismatched for the job. The linkage between the education system and the labour market needs to be strengthened to support a smoother school-to-work transition for youth. Additional support to enable exposure to the right type of work during youth's college or university studies could increase job match and reduce labour market inefficiencies.Originality/valueThe paper provides insights into a significant challenge faced by youth in developing countries, i.e. finding a suitable job for youth's level of education.