bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural and physiological plasticity in social hierarchies
Authors: Milewski T. M. , Lee W. , Champagne F. A. , Curley J. P. 
Published: January 2022

Individuals occupying dominant and subordinate positions in social hierarchies exhibit divergent behaviours, physiology and neural functioning. Dominant animals express higher levels of dominance behaviours such as aggression, territorial defence and mate-guarding. Dominants also signal their status via auditory, visual or chemical cues. Moreover, dominant animals typically increase reproductive behaviours and show enhanced spatial and social cognition as well as elevated arousal. These biobehavioural changes increase energetic demands that are met via shifting both energy intake and metabolism and are supported by coordinated changes in physiological systems including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes as well as altered gene expression and sensitivity of neural circuits that regulate these behaviours. Conversely, subordinate animals inhibit dominance and often reproductive behaviours and exhibit physiological changes adapted to socially stressful contexts. Phenotypic changes in both dominant and subordinate individuals may be beneficial in the short-term but lead to long-term challenges to health. Further, rapid changes in social ranks occur as dominant animals socially ascend or descend and are associated with dynamic modulations in the brain and periphery. In this paper, we provide a broad overview of how behavioural and phenotypic changes associated with social dominance and subordination are expressed in neural and physiological plasticity.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies’.
Agonism and grooming behaviour explain social status effects on physiology and gene regulation in rhesus macaques
Authors: Simons Noah D. , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Wilson Mark , Barreiro Luis B. , Tung Jenny 
Published: January 2022

Variation in social status predicts molecular, physiological and life-history outcomes across a broad range of species, including our own. Experimental studies indicate that some of these relationships persist even when the physical environment is held constant. Here, we draw on datasets from one such study—experimental manipulation of dominance rank in captive female rhesus macaques—to investigate how social status shapes the lived experience of these animals to alter gene regulation, glucocorticoid physiology and mitochondrial DNA phenotypes. We focus specifically on dominance rank-associated dimensions of the social environment, including both competitive and affiliative interactions. Our results show that simple summaries of rank-associated behavioural interactions are often better predictors of molecular and physiological outcomes than dominance rank itself. However, while measures of immune function are best explained by agonism rates, glucocorticoid-related phenotypes tend to be more closely linked to affiliative behaviour. We conclude that dominance rank serves as a useful summary for investigating social environmental effects on downstream outcomes. Nevertheless, the behavioural interactions that define an individual's daily experiences reveal the proximate drivers of social status-related differences and are especially relevant for understanding why individuals who share the same social status sometimes appear physiologically distinct.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies’.
Identifying healthy individuals with Alzheimer neuroimaging phenotypes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Azevedo Tiago , Bethlehem Richard A.I. , Whiteside David J. , Swaddiwudhipong Nol , Rowe James B. , Lió Pietro , Rittman Timothy 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIdentifying prediagnostic neurodegenerative disease is a critical issue in neurodegenerative disease research, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in particular, to identify populations suitable for preventive and early disease modifying trials. Evidence from genetic studies suggest the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer’s disease measured by brain atrophy starts many years before diagnosis, but it is unclear whether these changes can be detected in sporadic disease. To address this challenge we train a Bayesian machine learning neural network model to generate a neuroimaging phenotype and AD-score representing the probability of AD using structural MRI data in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Cohort (cut-off 0.5, AUC 0.92, PPV 0.90, NPV 0.93). We go on to validate the model in an independent real world dataset of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centre (AUC 0.74, PPV 0.65, NPV 0.80), and demonstrate correlation of the AD-score with cognitive scores in those with an AD-score above 0.5. We then apply the model to a healthy population in the UK Biobank study to identify a cohort at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. This cohort have a cognitive profile in keeping with Alzheimer’s disease, with strong evidence for poorer fluid intelligence, and with some evidence of poorer performance on tests of numeric memory, reaction time, working memory and prospective memory. We found some evidence in the AD-score positive cohort for modifiable risk factors of hypertension and smoking. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of using AI methods to identify a potentially prediagnostic population at high risk for developing sporadic Alzheimer’s disease.
Skeletal muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue gene expression profiling identifies new biomarkers with prognostic significance for insulin resistance progression and intervention response
Authors: Lutter Dominik , Sachs Stephan , Walter Marc , Kerege Anna , Perreault Leigh , Kahn Darcy E , Wolide Amare D , Kleinert Maximilian , Bergman Bryan C , Hofmann Susanna 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAlthough insulin resistance often leads to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D), its early stages remain often unrecognized thus reducing the probability of successful prevention and intervention. Moreover, treatment efficacy is affected by the genetics of the individual patient. We used gene expression profiles from a cross-sectional study to identify potential candidate genes for the prediction of diabetes risk and intervention response. Using a multivariate regression model, we linked gene expression profiles of human skeletal muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) to fasting glucose (FG) and glucose infusion rate (GIR). Predictive potential of identified candidate genes was validated with muscular gene expression data from a longitudinal intervention study. We found that genes with a strong association to clinical measures clustered into three distinct expression patterns. Their predictive values for insulin resistance varied strongly between muscle and IMAT. Moreover, we discovered that individual gene expression based classifications may differ from those classifications based predominantly on clinical parameters indicating a potential incomplete patient stratification. Out of the 15 top hit candidate genes, we identifiedST3GAL2, AASS, ARF1and the transcription factorSIN3Aas novel candidates for a refined diabetes risk and intervention response prediction. Our results confirm that disease progression and a successful intervention depend on individual genetics. We anticipate that our findings may lead to a better understanding and prediction of the individual diabetes risk and may help to develop individualized intervention strategies.
The Presence of Non–organ-specific Autoantibodies in Chronic Hepatitis C Treatment-naïve Patients
Authors: de Oliveira Andrade Luis Jesuíno , Santos Padilha Ingrid Silva , de Oliveira Luis Matos , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos , Paraná Raymundo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) various immune-mediated phenomena are described, and non–organ-specific autoantibodies (NOSAs) in particular are common. The aim of the present study was to investigate the NOSAs prevalence in chronic hepatitis c treatment-naïve patients.Patients and MethodsSera of 76 consecutive HCV treatment-naïve patients were considered to be eligible for this study for evaluation of Anti-nuclear, anti-smooth muscle, anti-mitochondrial, anti-neutrophil-cytoplasmatic and anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibodies. Criteria of eligibility were serum anti-HCV antibody and HCV RNA positivity, chronic inflammation revealed by histological analysis of the liver, genotyping, treatment-naïve patients, and no have the diagnosis of probable or definite autoimmune hepatitis.ResultsMean chronological age for the 76 patients (44 females and 32 males) was 51.3 ± 13,9 years (range: 20-67 years). Nineteen patients (25.0%) infected with HCV had detectable levels of NOSAs at before combined antiviral treatment. SMA was present in 16 (21.0%) of 76 patients, ANA in 2 patients (2.6%), and pANCA (perinuclear ANCA) in 1 patients (1.3%). No patient had specimens reactive to AMA, LMK, or cANCA (cytoplasmic ANCA).ConclusionsIn this study, we show the NOSAs positivity in chronic hepatitis c treatment-naïve patients. Assigned to high prevalence of SMA positivity is associated with high METAVIR score, and HCV-genotype 1 and 1b, may reflect a release of intracellular antigens at the time of hepatocellular injury triggering immune responses in the form of autoantibody production or a direct infection of immunocytes by the HCV.
Exploration of Methanomethylophilus alvus pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase activity in yeast
Authors: Stieglitz Jessica T. , Lahiri Priyanka , Stout Matthew I. , Van Deventer James A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArchaeal pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetases (PylRSs) have been used to genetically encode over 200 distinct noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) in proteins in E. coli and mammalian cells. This vastly expands the range of chemical functionality accessible within proteins produced in these organisms. Despite these clear successes, explorations of PylRS function in yeast remains limited. In this work, we demonstrate that the Methanomethylophilus alvus PylRS (MaPylRS) and its cognate tRNACUA support the incorporation of ncAAs into proteins produced in S. cerevisiae using stop codon suppression methodologies. Additionally, we prepared three MaPylRS mutants originally engineered in E. coli and determined that all three were translationally active with one or more ncAAs, although with low efficiencies of ncAA incorporation in comparison to the parent MaPylRS. Alongside MaPylRS variants, we evaluated the translational activity of previously reported Methanosarcina mazei, Methanosarcina barkeri, and chimeric M. mazei and M. barkeri PylRSs. Using the yeast strain RJY100, and pairing these aaRSs with the M. barkeri tRNACUA, we did not observe any detectable stop codon suppression activity under the same conditions that produced moderately efficient ncAA incorporation with MaPylRS. The addition of MaPylRS to the orthogonal translation machinery toolkit in yeast potentially opens the door to hundreds of ncAAs that have not previously been genetically encodable using other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs. Extending the scope of ncAA incorporation in yeast could powerfully advance chemical and biological research for applications ranging from basic biological discovery to enzyme engineering and therapeutic protein lead discovery.Abstract Figure
Chronic kidney disease is associated with attenuated plasma metabolome response to oral glucose tolerance testing
Authors: Ahmadi Armin , Huda M. Nazmul , Bennett Brian J. , Gamboa Jorge , Zelnick Leila R. , Smith Lucas R. , Chondronikola Maria , Raftery Daniel , de Boer Ian H. , Roshanravan Baback 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD), a major public health problem, is associated with decreased anabolic response to insulin contributing to protein-energy wasting. Targeted metabolic profiling of the response to oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) may help identify metabolic pathways contributing to disruptions to insulin response in CKD. Using targeted metabolic profiling, we examined plasma metabolome in 41 moderate-to-severe non-diabetic CKD patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60ml/min per 1.73m2 (38.9±12.7) and 20 healthy controls with normal eGFR (87.2±17.7) before and after 2h of 75g oral glucose load. Compared to controls, CKD participants had higher lactate: pyruvate (L:P) ratio both at fasting and after oral glucose challenge. Total energy production estimated through GTP:GDP ratio was impaired during OGTT despite similar fasting GTP:GDP ratio. CKD group had sustained elevation of vitamin B family members, TCA cycle metabolites, and purine nucleotides in response to glucose challenge. Metabolic profiling in response to OGTT suggests a broad disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism in CKD patients. These findings motivate further investigation into insulin sensitizers in patients with non-diabetic CKD and their impact on energy metabolism.
Decisions on participation in music festivals: an exploratory research in Portugal
Authors: Portugal João Pedro , Correia Antonia , Águas Paulo 
Published: January 2022

PurposeMusic festivals offer new opportunities for leisure and tourist experiences in Portugal. Some tourists and residents, the so-called festival goers, participate and come back to these events, whereas others, the non-goers, never participate and are not willing to do so. The aim of this research is to understand the decision to participate or not based on facilitators and constraints to participate or not in a music festival, dismantling residents and tourists' attitudes.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 1,178 music festival goers and non-goers in Portugal. Content analysis was undertaken to depict the most important determinants of their decisions. Those determinants were categorized according to the three dimensions of factors of ecological systems theory, considering festival goers and non-goers as well as tourists and residents.FindingsThe results suggested that although constraints are not as often voiced as facilitators, both influence decisions that are expressed as delaying, postponing, avoiding or complying with others by participating in these events. Furthermore, the results suggested that the decision to participate or not depends on the social contexts of the festival goers or non-goers, and that these social contexts may invert their decision, be it by facilitating or constraining their participation.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to festivals in Portugal and used a qualitative analysis that may be confirmed in other countries with quantitative methods. Nevertheless, this research opens paths to discuss facilitators and constraints through ecological system theory and gives insights into this industry.Practical implicationsThe results provide important insights for festival organizers to retain and build long-term relationships with festival goers. The results also provide insights into how to overcome the resistance which non-goers demonstrated.Social implicationsThis research offers an in-depth and insightful understanding of individuals' attitudes towards music festivals, allowing festival demand to be better understood. Furthermore, this research proves that attendance of music festivals is mostly a socially driven behaviour.Originality/valueBy eliciting facilitators and constraints of the decision to participate in music festivals, considering residents and tourists, festival goers and non-goers, this study provides a deeper understanding of the decision to participate, through a theoretical framework which is rarely applied in this field.
Stock derivatives and seasoned equity offerings
Authors: Hull Robert Martin , Kwak Sungkyu , Walker Rosemary 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe article aims to explore if stock derivative types (stock options and stock warrants) are associated with stock returns for firms undergoing seasoned equity offerings (SEOs).Design/methodology/approachThe authors regress stock returns against stock derivatives for periods around SEO announcements with standard errors clustered at the month level.FindingsThe authors find that lower stock derivatives holdings for the fiscal year after the SEO are associated with superior pre-SEO returns. This can be explained by owners exercising their derivatives to capitalize on the pre-SEO price run-up. The authors find that greater stock option holdings by insiders for the fiscal year after the SEO are associated with superior post-SEO returns for up to ten years after the SEO announcement. This new finding does not hold for stock warrants.Research limitations/implicationsStock derivatives are supplied by Capital IQ. Given their description, the authors infer that stock options are owned largely by insiders. Thus, the insider conclusions for stock options depend on this implication.Practical implicationsStock options and stock warrants can be used strategically to reward stock derivative owners of strong performing firms for past performance. Stock options can be used to motivate insiders (primarily key executives) to achieve superior future performance.Originality/valueThis study is unique in comparing the influence of holdings for stock options and stock warrants on stock price performance around SEOs. The authors show that the sign of the association depends on whether the test includes pre-SEO periods.
Volatility spillovers among G7, E7 stock markets and cryptocurrencies
Authors: Aydoğan Berna , Vardar Gülin , Taçoğlu Caner 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe existence of long memory and persistent volatility characteristics of cryptocurrencies justifies the investigation of return and volatility/shock spillovers between traditional financial market asset classes and cryptocurrencies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic relationship between the cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin and Ethereum, and stock market indices of G7 and E7 countries to analyze the return and volatility spillover patterns among these markets by means of multivariate (MGARCH) approach.Design/methodology/approachApplying the newly developed VAR-GARCH-in mean framework with the BEKK representation, the empirical results reveal that there exists an evidence of mean and volatility spillover effects among Bitcoin and Ethereum as the proxies for the cryptocurrencies, and stock markets reviewed.FindingsInterestingly, the direction of the return and volatility spillover effects is unidirectional in most E7 countries, but bidirectional relationship was found in most G7 countries. This can be explained as the presence of a strong return and volatility interaction among G7 stock markets and crypto market.Originality/valueOverall, the results of this study are of particular interest for portfolio management since it provides insights for financial market participants to make better portfolio allocation decisions. It is also increasingly important to understand the volatility transmission mechanism across these markets to provide policymakers and regulatory bodies with guidance to eliminate the negative impact of cryptocurrency's volatility on the stability of financial markets.
Suicide as a medical education curricular topic: a documentary analysis of Brazilian federal medical schools
Authors: Aguiar Jesuino Thiago , Camelier-Mascarenhas Mariana , Santos Ferreira Thaiane , Barreto de Farias Júlia , de Oliveira Lima Leticia , Santos Oliveira Ivete Maria 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Physicians worldwide need to be able to identify and assess suicide risk or behavior in their consults. The proper training of medical staff is an important form of suicide prevention, especially because 80% of the patients who died by suicide were in contact with a health-care service in the year of their death. The purpose of this study is to verify if some of the most important Brazilian medical schools includes discussions regarding suicide in their curricula, and describe them.

Design/methodology/approach
The study performed a documentary analysis of all Brazilian federal higher education institutions. The analysis involved selecting the institutions that approached the topic of suicide in their curricula, and sorting it by keywords. The curricula that contained such keywords were then entirely read, analyzed and all components found were described regarding course period, workload and approach.

Findings
Within the 68 analyzed institutions, 19 (28%) included suicide in their curricula with a total of 31 components approaching suicide among them. Those components belonged to different stages of the course and had different workloads and approaches. A total of seven different approaches were identified: Clinical (54.8%); Emergency (16.1%); Medical Psychology (9.7%); Ethics (6.5%); Social (6.5%); Occupational (3.2%) and Forensic (3.2%).

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is the first to address medical education regarding suicide in a large number of Brazilian institutions. It is also one of the few studies worldwide to quantify suicide discussion on a large number of institutions using documentary analysis.
Managing disruptions in the maritime industry – a systematic literature review
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Thuy , My Tran Dung Thi , Duc Truong Ton Hien , Thai Vinh V. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis paper presents a systematic review of the literature in the domain of maritime disruption management, upon which future research framework and agenda are proposed. Two review questions, i.e. the measures that are employed to manage disruptions and how these contribute to resilience performance, were pursued.Design/methodology/approachThe systematic literature review procedure was strictly followed, including identification and planning, execution, selection and synthesis and analysis. A review protocol was developed, including scope, databases and criteria guiding the review. Following this, 47 articles were eventually extracted for the systematic review to identify themes for not only addressing the review questions but also highlighting future research opportunities.FindingsIt was found that earlier studies mainly focused on measures, which are designed using mathematical models, management frameworks and other technical support systems, to analyse and evaluate risks, and their impacts on maritime players at the levels of organisation, transport system and region in which the organisation is embedded. There is, however, a lack of research that empirically examines how these measures would contribute to enhancing the resilience performance of maritime firms and their organisational performance as a whole. Subsequently, a Digitally Embedded and Technically Support Maritime Disruption Management (DEST-MDM) model is proposed.Research limitations/implicationsThis review is constrained by studies recorded by the Web of Science only. Nevertheless, the proposed research model would expectedly contribute to enhancing knowledge building in the specific domain of maritime disruption management and supply chain management overall while providing meaningful managerial implications to policymakers and managers in the maritime industry.Originality/valueThis research is perhaps one of the first studies which presents a systematic review of literature in maritime disruption management and proposes a future research framework that establishes the link between disruption management and resilience and organisational performance for empirical validation.