bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household stock market participation in South Africa: the role of financial literacy and social interactions
Authors: Nyakurukwa Kingstone , Seetharam Yudhvir 
Published: August 2022

PurposeOne of the most important phenomena that have been confronted in the field of household finance is the stock market participation puzzle. The puzzle describes the anomaly that the majority of households do not have ownership of stock market products, though empirically stocks give higher expected returns than risk-free assets. The stock market participation rate plays an important role as it has a direct bearing on the equity premium. In this study, the authors aim to investigate how financial literacy and various proxies of social interaction are associated with stock market participation in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses probit regression and ordinary least squares using the South African National Income Dynamics survey Wave 5 of 2017 to investigate whether financial literacy and social interaction are significantly associated with stock market participation. The financial literacy index is computed using factor analysis on the responses to the financial literacy questions used in the survey. The authors use three proxies for social interaction, namely membership in a Stokvel, membership in a men's association and membership in a women's association.FindingsThe results reveal that an increase in financial literacy increases the odds of respondents participating in the stock market. Among the control variables, age, race and level of education are significantly associated with stock market participation. When it comes to social interaction, it is belonging to a men's association that is significantly associated with stock market participation. The other proxies for social interaction are insignificantly associated with stock market participation.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the extant literature by using a set of proxies for social interaction that have the potential to influence stock market participation which have not been used in a South African context.
Negative effects of forest gaps on dung removal in a full‐factorial experiment
Authors: Staab Michael , Achury Rafael , Ammer Christian , Ehbrecht Martin , Irmscher Veronika , Mohr Hendrik , Schall Peter , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Blüthgen Nico 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Ecosystem functioning may directly or indirectly—via change in biodiversity—respond to land use. Dung removal is an important ecosystem function central for the decomposition of mammal faeces, including secondary seed dispersal and improved soil quality. Removal usually increases with dung beetle diversity and biomass. In forests, dung removal can vary with structural variables that are, however, often interrelated, making experiments necessary to understand the role of single variables on ecosystem functions. How gaps and deadwood, two main outcomes of forest management influence dung removal, is unknown.

We tested if dung removal responds to gap creation and deadwood provisioning or if treatment effects are mediated via responses of dung beetles. We expected lower removal rates in gaps due to lower dung beetle biomass and diversity.

We sampled dung beetles and measured dung removal in a highly‐replicated full‐factorial forest experiment established at 29 sites in three regions of Germany (treatments: Gap, Gap + Deadwood, Deadwood, Control). All gaps were experimentally created and had a diameter of around 30 m.

Dung beetle diversity, biomass and dung removal were each lower in gaps than in controls. Dung removal decreased from 61.9% in controls to 48.5% in gaps, irrespective of whether or not the gap had deadwood. This treatment effect was primarily driven by dung beetle biomass but not diversity. Furthermore, dung removal was reduced to 56.9% in the deadwood treatment.

Our findings are not consistent with complementarity effects of different dung beetle species linked to biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationships that have been shown in several ecosystems. In contrast, identity effects can be pronounced: gaps reduced the abundance of a large‐bodied key forest species (Anoplotrupes stercorosus), without compensatory recruitment of open land species. While gaps and deadwood are important for many forest organisms, dung beetles and dung removal respond negatively. Our results exemplify how experiments can contribute to test hypotheses on the interrelation between land use, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Enhanced Water Resources Risk from Collocation of Disposal Wells and Legacy Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Regions in Texas
Authors: Martin Nick , Nicholaides Kindra , Southard Paul 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAn existing probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for Class I hazardous waste (Class IH) injection well systems is extended for dynamic risk analysis and modified for Class II disposal well systems, which inject large volumes of “exempt” oil and gas (OG) exploration and production (E&P) waste. Disposal system failure is release of waste to the biosphere, including underground sources of drinking water. Comparative PRA analysis of generic Class IH and generic Texas Class II disposal systems suggests Class II systems are 50 times more likely to fail than Class IH systems due to different requirements for pressure monitoring, waste migration monitoring, and number of confining layers. The generic Texas Class II disposal well PRA was extended to portray a generic disposal system in Dimmit County, Texas, which is a legacy OG E&P region, and to account for the increased likelihood of waste migration pathways from unknown wells and plug failure of abandoned wells. Legacy oil‐related activities increase the probability of waste migration pathways because well construction, regulatory protections, and information tracking technologies have improved during the last 40 years. The system failure likelihood for Class II disposal well systems, collocated with legacy and active OG activities, is twice that for generic Texas Class II disposal systems, and failure likelihood increases with the assumed proportion of unknown wells to known wells.
Perceived barriers and facilitators to the provision of physiotherapy in residential aged care facilities: A national survey of Australian physiotherapists
Authors: Brett Lindsey , Pocovi Natasha Celeste , Traynor Victoria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and explore physiotherapists' perceived barriers and facilitators to the provision of physiotherapy in Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsA national cross‐sectional survey was conducted with physiotherapists who worked in Australian RACFs for at least 50% of their working week. A variety of methods, such as social media, direct contact with aged care providers, and the Australian Physiotherapy Association, were used to advertise the survey. A rigorous design was used to develop the online survey to collect views on barriers and facilitators to provision of physiotherapy in Australian RACFs. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS to analyse participant characteristics. Inductive framework analysis was conducted using NVivo 12 to identify key themes.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐five qualified and registered physiotherapists (mean age 39.5 years, 74% female) who worked predominantly in Australian RACFs participated in this study. Five themes were identified: individual physiotherapist, collaborations, organisational, RACF community, and public policy. Each had associated barriers and facilitators to provision of physiotherapy as perceived by physiotherapists. Individual, collaborative, and RACF community factors were the main facilitators of physiotherapy in Australian RACFs. Organisational and public policy factors were identified as the main barriers of physiotherapy.ConclusionsThis study highlighted what factors are perceived by RACF physiotherapists to facilitate provision of physiotherapy, and what areas of improvement should be considered to potentially provide more effective care in Australian RACFs. Due to the varied responses in this study, further research is warranted to determine the degree of impact of the identified factors.
Night‐Time Curfew, Day‐Time Masks
Authors: Mwita Jacob Muniko 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYIn this narrative, I offer a lightly fictionalized version of my experience returning to Kenya from the United States to conduct fieldwork from late 2020 through mid‐2021, a period when the COVID‐19 pandemic was ravaging globally. My narrative reveals how local people draw on their knowledge of the corrupt police system to resist COVID‐19 restrictions as they navigate and make meaning of their day‐to‐day lives during the pandemic and how the police use the mask mandate and curfew to take bribes from people who defy these restrictions. The story also brings into question the extent to which native ethnographers can re‐immerse themselves into the everyday lives of their home communities while balancing the many intersecting factors that inform their positionality.
Santa Rosa and Singing from the Heart of the Bädi
Authors: Niche Jorgelina Reinoso 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor the Mexican Otomi of the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Santa Rosa is a sacred plant used by the shaman to heal people and sing in rituals called costumbres. It is also an Antigua, a sacred deity who maintains a constant dialogue with ritual specialists. In the Otomi discourse and its worldview of Santa Rosa, as well as in its ritual process, it is eaten, not smoked. Although it is cannabis, they mention that: "the Santa Rosa is eaten, it is sacred; marijuana, the one they smoke in Mexico, is another one that looks like it."
Characterization of costal cartilage allografts
Authors: Sinclair Sonia , Walsh William R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman costal cartilage remains widely used in the reconstruction of soft tissues, particularly within the field of plastic and orthopaedic surgery. The biologic expense of using autologous human costal cartilage has become superseded by the increasingly common use of irradiated costal cartilage allografts. To date, there has been no histologic investigation of such costal cartilage allografts. This study aims to characterize the histologic variations that exist between different costal cartilage specimens, and to quantify this between specimens in spite of their common anatomical derivation.MethodsTwenty‐five specimens of cadaveric human costal cartilage were obtained from Australian Biotechnologies. Each specimen was irradiated, sectioned and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's trichrome and tetrachrome stains. After being analysed under light microscopy, specimen dimensions, chondrocyte counts and mineral content was quantified and measured.ResultsThe median specimen diameter was 8.20 mm, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 1.59 mm. The median measurement from the superficial to basal chondrocyte layer was 1409.91 μm (IQR = 885.59 μm), and the median measurement from superficial to calcified zone was 4146.26 μm (IQR 1441.83 μm). The median chondrocyte area was 442.74 μm2 (IQR = 2622.72 μm2) with their total chondrocyte count ranging from 289 to 591 chondrocytes per square millimetre. The median percentages of collagen and mineral content were 45.17% and 71.82%, respectively (IQR = 20.48%, 14.75%).ConclusionThese findings emphasize the histologic and biochemical degree of variation that exists between specimens of human cadaveric costal cartilage on a microscopic level. This has the potential to influence the selection of costal cartilage allografts for reconstructive purposes.
Dose optimization of cefotaxime as pre‐emptive treatment in critically ill adult patients: A population pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Roelofsen Eveline E. , Abdulla Alan , Muller Anouk E. , Endeman Henrik , Gommers Diederik , Dijkstra Annemieke , Hunfeld Nicole G. M. , de Winter Brenda C. M. , Koch Birgit C. P. 
Published: August 2022

AimsTo describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of cefotaxime as pre‐emptive treatment in critically ill adult patients, including covariates and to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) of different dosage regimens for Enterobacterales and Staphylococcus aureus.MethodsFive samples were drawn during 1 dosage interval in critically ill patients treated with cefotaxime 1 g q6h or q4h. PK parameters were estimated using NONMEM (v7.4.2). The percentage of patients reaching 100% fT>MICECOFF was used to compare different dosage regimens for Enterobacterales and S. aureus.ResultsThis study included 92 patients (437 samples). The best structural model was a 2‐compartment model with a combined error, interindividual variability on clearance, central volume and intercompartmental clearance. Correlations between interindividual variability were included. Clearance increased with higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; creatinine clearance) and albumin concentration. For Enterobacterales, 1 g q8h reached 95% PTA and continuous infusion (CI) of 4 g 24 h−1 100% PTA at the highest eGFR and albumin concentration. For S. aureus the predefined target of 95% PTA was not reached with higher eGFR and/or albumin concentrations. CI of 6 g 24 h−1 for S. aureus resulted in a minimum of 99% PTA.ConclusionCefotaxime PK in critically ill patients was best described by a 2‐compartment model with eGFR and albumin concentration as covariates influencing clearance. For Enterobacterales 1 g q8h or CI of 4 g 24 h−1 was adequate for all combinations of eGFR and albumin concentration. For S. aureus CI of 6 g 24 h−1 would be preferred if eGFR and albumin concentration exceed 80 mL min−1 and 40 g L−1 respectively.
A survey of eating styles in eight countries: Examining restrained, emotional, intuitive eating and their correlates
Authors: Markey Charlotte H. , Strodl Esben , Aimé Annie , McCabe Marita , Rodgers Rachel , Sicilia Alvaro , Coco Gianluca Lo , Dion Jacinthe , Mellor David , Pietrabissa Giada , Gullo Salvatore , Granero‐Gallegos Antonio , Probst Michel , Maïano Christophe , Bégin Catherine , Alcaraz‐Ibáñez Manuel , Blackburn Marie‐Eve , Caltabiano Marie L. , Manzoni Gian Mauro , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Hayami‐Chisuwa Naomi , He Qiqiang , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionRestrained, emotional and intuitive eating were examined in relation to each other and as correlates of participants’ weight status, body image and self‐esteem. In some past research, restrained and emotional eating have been associated with higher weight status and poorer mental health, while intuitive eating is more frequently linked to lower weight status and more positive well‐being. However, these eating styles have rarely been examined together and never in a large cross‐country sample.MethodSix‐thousand two‐hundred and seventy‐two (6272) emerging adults (M age = 21.54 years, SD = 3.13) completed scales from the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, the Intuitive Eating Scale‐2, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, and provided weight and height information that was used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Participants resided in Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United States and provided information using an online survey.ResultsPath analyses for the entire sample revealed significant pathways between higher intuitive eating and higher body satisfaction and self‐esteem, and lower BMIs among participants. Higher levels of restrained and emotional eating were associated with lower body satisfaction and self‐esteem, and higher BMIs among participants. Minor cross‐country differences were evident in these patterns of relations, but intuitive eating emerged as a consistent predictor across countries.ConclusionOverall, findings suggest that efforts should be made to increase intuitive eating among emerging adults and to support individual and macrolevel interventions to decrease restrained and emotional eating behaviours.
Athena Speciality Certificate Examination case for formulation and systemic therapy
Authors: Hussain Khawar , Fearfield Louise , Roberts Nerys 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This Athena case describes possible differential diagnoses in a patient with multiple blisters. Histopathology showed subepidermal clefting and superficial dermal inflammation, while immunohistochemistry showed linear deposition of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane zone.
Multi‐gene phylogeny of North American clear‐winged moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae): a foundation for future evolutionary study of a speciose mimicry complex
Authors: Cognato Anthony I. , Taft William , Osborn Rachel K. , Rubinoff Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSesiids are a diverse group of predominantly diurnal moths, many of which are Batesian mimics of Hymenoptera. However, their diversity and relationships are poorly understood. A multi‐gene phylogenetic analysis of 48 North American sesiid species confirmed the traditional taxonomic tribal ranks, demonstrated the paraphyly of Carmenta and Synanthedon with respect to several other genera and ultimately provided minimal phylogenetic resolution within and between North American and European groups. Character support from each gene suggested inconsistency between the phylogenetic signal of the CAD gene and that of the other four genes. However, removal of CAD from subsequent phylogenetic analyses did not substantially change the initial phylogenetic results or return Carmenta and Synanthedon as reciprocally monophyletic, suggesting that it was not impacting the overall phylogenetic signal. The lack of resolution using genes that are typically informative at the species level for other lepidopterans suggests a surprisingly rapid radiation of species in Carmenta/Synanthedon. This group also exhibits a wide range of mimicry strategies and hostplant usage, which could be fertile ground for future study.
Board surname sharing and investment efficiency: Evidence from Chinese state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Huang Baibing , Yang Endong , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueUsing data on Chinese listed state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), this study examines the impact of board surname sharing on firms' investment efficiency.Research Findings/InsightsWe find that surname sharing among a firm's board of directors is positively associated with its investment efficiency. The main result continues to hold when using alternative measures and accounting for endogeneity. Specifically, we show higher surname homogeneity mitigates agency costs and information asymmetry. Taken together, this evidence supports the view that board surname sharing is conducive to effective communications in the boardroom, thus enhancing board effectiveness and collective decision‐making among board members.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWith the theory of social identity, the literature presents two opposing views on the impact of group identity on corporate behaviors. One view focuses on the cost of favoritism bias and coalition while the other view illustrates the benefits of group coordination and communication. We shed light on this debate by documenting that the group identity of surname sharing might increase corporate investment efficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing evidence that social identity benefits board decision‐making.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur findings have implications for formulating the “best practice” on executive selection and boosting board composition. In addition to structural factors and procedural rules, shareholders and policymakers may need to carefully consider creating the climate of a robust social system of the board to ensure a virtuous cycle of trust and outspokenness, especially when dealing with the problems of passive monitoring.
Inducible motor neuron differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells in vivo
Authors: Chen Min , Wang Xia , Li Chuan , Lan Ting , Wei Yuhui , Tang Chengcheng , Zhou Xiaoqing , Zhou Renping , Rosa Alessandro , Zheng Xi , Ang Song , Zhang Kun , Zou Qingjian , Lai Liangxue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTransplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is one of the promising treatment strategies for motor neuron diseases (MNDs). However, the inefficiency in committed differentiation of NPCs in vivo limits its application. Here, we tried to establish a potential therapeutic strategy for MNDs by in vivo directional differentiation of hiPSCs engineered with motor neuron (MN) specific transcription factors and Tet‐On system.Materials and MethodsWe engineered hiPSCs with three MN‐specific transcription factors and Tet‐On system. The engineered cells were directly transplanted into immunodeficient mice through subcutaneous, intra‐spinal cord and intracerebroventricular injections. Following doxycycline (Dox) induction, teratoma formation, and motor MN differentiation were evaluated.ResultsWe generated genetically engineered hiPSCs, in which the expression of Ngn2, Isl1, and Lhx3 was controlled by a drug‐inducible transgenic system. These cells showed normal pluripotency and proliferative capacity, and were able to directionally differentiate into mature motor neurons (MNs) and NPCs with high efficiency in spinal cords and cerebral lateral ventricles under the induction of Dox. The grafts showed long‐term survival in the recipient mice without formation of teratoma.ConclusionsThe induced mature MNs and NPCs were expected to replace the damaged endogenous MNs directly, and play a role of de novo stem cell stock for long‐term neuron damage repair, respectively. Therefore, in vivo directional differentiation of the hiPSCs engineered with MN‐specific transcription factors and Tet‐On system via Dox induction could be a potential therapeutic strategy for MNDs with high efficacy and safety.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in the setting of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Andriano Tyler M. , Tannenbaum Rachel , Xu Haoming , Magro Cynthia M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report an 80‐year‐old male developing linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LAD) in the setting of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL). This phenomenon is rare, as only three cases have been described in the literature. The pathophysiologic process can be attributed to dysregulation in somatic hypermutation and the expression of chemokine receptor 5 in AITL, contributing to increased IgA. Immunoglobulin production resulting from clonal plasma cell expansion may be because of the B‐cell promotional effect by neoplastic follicular helper T‐cells. Beyond providing a pathophysiologic platform for AITL‐associated LAD, we also briefly summarized prior cases. This report demonstrates the importance of considering LAD in the differential diagnosis for patients with a bullous eruption in the setting of AITL.