bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies and analytical analysis of thermophysical properties of Ethylene glycol – water based nanofluids dispersed with multi walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dosodia Abhishek , Srin V. , Jain A. K , Babu M Saratchandra , Teja S Bhanu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The current study examines the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of ethylene glycol–water solutions comprising oxidised multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The Mouromtseff number (Mo) is used to estimate the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids based on their physico-thermal properties. As a base fluid, ethylene glycol - water mixtures are taken in all volume proportions, from 100% to zero percent, for use in both automotive and solar thermal applications. Oxidized MWCNTs in weight fractions of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 are used to produce the best stability in Ethylene glycol-Water mixtures. The stability of nanofluids was monitored for two months using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Adding MWCNTs to the base fluids results in a significant increase in thermal conductivity between 15% and 24%. In order to derive correlations between thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity, a total of 1500 data points were collected for all possible combinations of temperature, weight fraction, and ethylene glycol %. from analysis using Mouromtseff number (Mo), it was found that under turbulent flow, low concentration dilute nanofluids were shown to be the most effective heat transfer medium.
Association Between Obesity and Recent and Ever Suicide Attempt Among Adults in the United States
Authors: Iwatate Eriko , Atem Folefac D. , Jones Eric C. , Hughes Jennifer L. , Yokoo Takeshi , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether obesity is associated with suicide attempt in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.
Methods
From the 2004–2005 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 2 data (n = 34,653 adults), survey responses were extracted on suicide attempt (ever, recent [≤ 2 years]), demographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity), mental disorders (internalizing, personality, substance abuse), and psychosocial factors (e.g., abuse, trauma, sexual identity). Current body mass index (BMI) categorized participants as obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) or non-obese (< 30 kg/m2). Odds ratio [95% confidence interval] of suicide attempt by obesity status was calculated by logistic regression, while adjusting for mental health, demographic, and psychosocial confounders.
Results
Ever and recent suicide attempt prevalence was 3.4% and 3.1%, respectively, and the obesity prevalence 28%. Compared to non-obese adults, obese adults were 1.43 [1.20–1.69] times and 1.40 [0.90–2.18] times more likely to have ever, and recently, attempted suicide, respectively. Among the obese, middle-age (36–55 years) adults were 0.64 [0.31–0.92] times less likely to have ever-attempted suicide than older (> 55 years) adults. Only 15% of the obesity’s association with lifetime suicide attempt was mediated by mental illnesses.
Conclusion
Current-obesity is associated with lifetime suicide attempt among U.S. adults, even after adjustment for mental health, demographic, and psychosocial confounders. Further research on the temporality and causality of this association is needed.
LAYN acts as a prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer by engaging T cell exclusion and dysfunction
Authors: Li Le , Ma Haiyan , Song Changxin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer (OV) is one of the commonest gynecological cancer, especially in the developed world. Layilin (LAYN) is associated with multiple types of cancer. However, it remains unclear about LAYN’s underlying roles and potential mechanisms in ovarian cancer.
Methods
The expression status of LAYN and clinic information of patients in OV were investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.
Results
High expression of LAYN forecasted a shorter survival time in all OV datasets we used, indicating high LAYN expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in OV patients. Bioinformatic analyses showed that LAYN expression level was an independent factor associated with OV prognosis. We also proved the significant association of LAYN expression level with T cell exclusion and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Further analyses revealed that LAYN may play its role on tumor immunity through the TGF-beta signaling pathway.
Conclusions
This is the first study to reveal the molecular functions of LAYN in OV. Our study suggests that overexpressed LAYN might boost T cell exclusion and ICB resistance by activating TGF-beta signaling pathway, resulting in a poor prognosis for OV patients. This study shed a light on understanding potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OV.
Assessing Covid 19 Vaccine Side Effects among Syrian Private University Staff and Students
Authors: Othman Kassem , Khalifeh Muhammad , Mohammad Yousser 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Since 2019 coronavirus was declared a pandemic, there has been no doubt that a vaccine is the ideal protocol to combat it. Within a year, only a handful of COVID-19 vaccines had been developed and licensed. This initiative in developing vaccines has shown many uncertainties and doubts about the efficacy and safety of these vaccines. This study aimed to assess side effects and perceptions after COVID-19 vaccination in Syria.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered and self-filled questionnaire on a sample of Syrian Private University employees and students who received the COVID-19 vaccine in Damascus, Syria. Chi-square test was used to study the relationship between study variables. A value of p > 0.05was adopted as statistical significance.
Results
Out of 600 participants, 61.3% were male and 38.7% were female. 10% of the staff was in the university, and most of the students were from 32% College of Human Medicine, 14.7% College of Dentistry and 12.7% from College of Computer Engineering respectively. The main vaccines received by the sample were Sinopharm (27.3%), AstraZeneca (27.3%), Sputnik v/Sputnik Lite (17.3%), and Pfizer (16%). The majority, 38.7%, reported experiencing mild side effects after vaccination. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between the number of doses received by the sample and the side effects of the vaccine. The results also showed a statistically significant relationship between the type of vaccine and the side effects of vaccination.
Conclusion
The current study confirmed that the authorized COVID-19 vaccines are safe and that vaccination reduces subsequent infection with COVID-19. Most of the side effects after vaccination were non-existent or mild to moderate. They are signs that the body's immune system is building protection. Expected severe cases may require further medical attention or even hospitalization.
Van Hove Singularity in Graphene Nanowrinkle Grown on Ni(111) Generated by Pseudo One-Dimensional Electron Confinement
Authors: Ahn Jong-Guk , Kim Jee Hyeon , Lee Minhui , Kim Yousoo , Jung Jaehoon , Lim Hyunseob 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A graphene nanowrinkle (GNW) formed on a Ni substrate, with a width below 5 nm, exhibits a unique feature (van Hove singularities (vHS)) in its electronic structure, owing to the one-dimensional (1D) electron confinement in GNWs. Considering that the 1D electron confinement effect normally appears when the electron motion is isolated in a 1D structure with the insulator-surrounding environment, the experimental observation of vHS in the electronic structure of GNW wedged between metallic graphene sheets has been regarded as extraordinary. Density functional theory calculations were systematically performed and revealed the origin of the 1D quantum confinement in GNW on the Ni substrate, which originated from the crucial role of chemisorption-like interaction between the graphene sheet and Ni surface in spatially separating the π-conjugated state of GNW from that of the graphene sheet. A series of standing waves corresponding to “the 1D particle-in-a-box model” was confirmed by computationally obtained charge densities of GNW. These results demonstrated that the graphene–GNW–graphene on the Ni substrate served a sufficient potential to lead to 1D-electron confinement. Our investigations provide a deeper understanding of the electronic structure in pseudo-1D materials and suggest a novel approach for modulating the electronic structure without chemical modification or complicated etching to break the C–C bond to produce graphene-based 1D nanomaterials, e.g., graphene nanoribbon.
Exploring the significance of RNA N6 methyladenosine regulatory factor in the diagnosis and subtype classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on GEO database
Authors: Pingan Zhang , Gao Na , Li Xiaoning , Wu Jianjun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
N6 methyladenosine (m6A) is a very rich mRNA modifier, which plays animportant role in biological processes such as lipid metabolism, autophagy,macrophage activity and inflammatory response.However, the role of m6A regulatorin COPD remains unknown.In this study, the expression values of 23 m6Amethylation regulators were obtained by analyzing the gene expression matrix ofCOPD patients and normal controls in GSE76925 data set.Eleven candidate m6Aregulators were selected by random forest model to construct nomination graphmodel and predict the risk of COPD.The decision curve found that patients couldbenefit from the nomination model constructed.By consensus cluster analysis, m6Aregulators in COPD patients were divided into two subtypes (clusterA andclusterB) .The m6A pattern was quantified by principal component analysis algorithm.It was found that the m6A score of patients in clusterA was higher than that ofclusterB.Differential genes (DEGs) were screened by m6A typing and the differentialgenes were analyzed by Kyoto genome and genome Encyclopedia (KEGG). It wasfound that the differential genes were mainly enriched in NF-kB and TNF signalpathway.In addition, through gene and immune cell correlation analysis, it was foundthat the patients in m6A clusterB were related to the immunity dominated byneutrophil and eosinophil traps,however the patients in clusterA are related to theimmunity dominated by monocyte traps.Therefore, the discovery of m6A patternthrough m6A typing related genes and immune cells may be a new strategy to guidethe treatment of COPD.
Comparative study on Seroprevalence and Associated Risk factors of brucella Infection among sheep, goat and cattle in Somalia.
Authors: Ismail Abdulgani Huruse , Salman Adil Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A cross-sectional Seroprevalence study using Multistage-sampling techniques, was conducted from the period between February 2019 to June 2020 at two livestock export quarantine stations and Livestock markets located in Bossaso, Somalia, to determine the Seroprevalence and associated risk factor of ruminant’s brucellosis. A total of 1068 sera samples were screened for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal plate test, all-positive Serum samples and 80% negative samples with RBPT from sheep and goats and 50% negative sample from cattle were further tested using iELISA. The overall Seroprevalence rate of brucellosis in the current study was 1% and 1.84% using RBPT and i-ELISA respectively in Goats while 9.5% and 9% were positive in cattle using RBPT and i-ELISA respectively but there were no positive samples for sheep by both test of (RBPT) and (i-ELISA). The most significant Associated risk factors were species, castration and other risk factors such as age and Sex can affect status of brucellosis but their contribution are statistically insignificant.
Proxy Signcryption Algorithm for Interdomain Authentication in Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Qamar Shamimul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Authentication delay is main requirement for handoff in wireless mesh networks. When mobile client moves from one domain to another. In order to solve the problems, we propose an algorithm for handoff in Wireless Mesh Networks. pre-authentication are done by mobile station itself up to the next access point. Neighbor graph is used for maintaining and dynamically identifying the mobile topology of the network. Proxy signcryption scheme is applied between the Mesh Node (MN) and mobile client (MC) for the period of inter-domain authentication. To make sure security, the authentication messages are encrypted while transmitted between mobile client and mesh nodes and signed in an integrated fashion such that the communicated message is expressed as signcrypted. Simulation’s output shows, that the algorithm strengthen security of network .
Microcracks as tooth structural element: revealed by X-ray tomography and machine learning
Authors: Dumbryte Irma , Narbutis Donatas , Vailionis Arturas , Juodkazis Saulius , Malinauskas Mangirdas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although teeth microcracks have long been considered more of an aesthetic problem, their exact role in tooth structure and impact on its functionality is still unknown. The possibility to use X-ray micro-computed tomography for three-dimensional (3D) non-destructive tooth visualization has shown unique morphological and structural features of microcracks that previously could not be detected with two-dimensional analysis techniques. We present 3D evaluation of four healthy (2 with and 2 without visible microcracks on the buccal surface) extracted human teeth, scanned with ZEISS Xradia 520 Versa and segmented with convolutional neural network to identify enamel, dentin, and cracks. An intricate star-shaped network of microcracks was found to cover most of the inner tooth with the main crack planes arranged radially in two almost perpendicular directions, disclosing the crack as a planar rather than a threaded structure. The interconnected network of microcracks detected inside a healthy tooth suggests that the cracks could be considered as one of the structural and possibly functional (i.e. redistribution of forces) elements of the tooth, relevant for its integrity and functionality.
Long-term loss of coral reef in the Gulf of Aqaba estimated from historical aerial images
Authors: Topel Elad , Lehahn Yoav 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Located at the northern tip of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba coral reef, is highly susceptible to anthropogenic pressure associated with the massive development of the two neighbor cities of Eilat and Aqaba. Over the years the has been extensively studied in a umber of research and monitoring programs, which provide detailed information on a variety ecological,physiological, biogeochemical and physical variables. Due to the local nature of these surveys, while the state of the reef at specific times and locations is very well characterized, long term changes in the reef as a whole are hardly documented. Here, through analysis of historical aerial images, we address one of the most important aspects of this knowledge gap, and quantify how much coral reef were lost due to human activity with respect to a baseline level prior to the establishment of the City of Eilat in 1949. Our results show that through construction of infrastructures, human activity has led to the loss of more than 4,810 m2 of coral reef, either directly by the construction (most importantly the Eilat Port) or indirectly by changing environmental conditions, which in turn damage the reef - for example by intensifying accumulation of sand on top of it. Our results show that historical aerial images can provide a unique source of information on the spatial characteristics of marine, coastal and terrestrial systems prior to the era of Earth observation satellites.
Crack formation in chill block melt spinning solidification process: a comparative analysis using OpenFOAM®
Authors: Pagnola Marcelo , Barceló Francisco , Useche Jairo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The application of FeSiB family magnetic materials in electrical or electronic industry has significantly increased owing to the development of amorphous and nanocrystalline metallic glasses using melt spinning and chill block melt spinning technology that involves a rotating metal wheel with a high rotation speed. With this technique, a thin ribbon is obtained owing to the jet of liquid metal that is expelled from a casting nozzle at high pressure and temperature over the outer surface of the wheel. The cooling rates that can be achieved lead to disorder in the crystalline lattice of the metal, which is dependent on the chemical composition. As soon as the material jet is expelled by the nozzle, turbulence can occur in the solidification puddles. This generates defects and cracks in the solidification profile. In this study, numerically simulated Ad Hoc events in OPENFOAM® are comparatively examined using a real process.
Effects of Calcium Carbonate on Ammonium Assimilation by Tomato Seedlings1
Authors: Pierpont Robert A. , Minotti Peter L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (15 to 22 days old) exposed to unbuffered solutions containing N solely in the NH4 form showed poorly developed, thickened, less branched, discolored root systems, marginal necrosis of some leaves, wilting, particularly dark green foliage, and restricted growth. Calcium carbonate at 0.5 g/liter alleviated NH4 toxicity and restricted the accumulation of free NH4 in roots, bleeding sap, and shoots even though NH4 uptake rates were accelerated by CaCO3. Thus, the beneficial effect was related to enhanced NH4 assimilation. Roots contained an active NADH-specific L-glutamate dehydrogenase, but in vitro activity was correlated with internal NH4 content and, therefore, did not reflect actual NH4 assimilation rates during experimental periods.
Ultraviolet Radiation as a Factor in Solar Injury and Vein Tract Browning of Cantaloupes1
Authors: Lipton Werner J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Near ultraviolet radiation appears to be largely responsible for solar injury (SI) and vein tract browning (VTB) of cantaloupes (Cumis melo L., Reticulatus group, cv. PMR 45) grown under field conditions in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Incidence and severity of SI were substantially reduced when near UV flux impinging on the fruits at solar noon was reduced to 21 Wm-2 or less and especially when wavelengths below 320 nm were excluded by the use of plastic UV filters. VTB was reduced when UV flux was 12 Wm-2 or less or when wavelengths below 320 nm were excluded. In cantaloupes, near UV appears to directly induce SI but to indirectly induce VTB, a postharvest disorder, by accelerating aging of surface tissues.
Effects of Nitrogen and Growth Regulators on Growth of Japanese Holly1
Authors: Gilliam C. H. , Wright R. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of 3 nitrogen levels and 2 growth regulators on growth of winter- and summer-rooted cuttings of Ilex crenata cv. Helleri were studied. Nitrogen applications promoted bud break immediately after rooting on summer cuttings and also enhanced the growth of winter-rooted cuttings. Generally, plants grown at 300 or 150 ppm N had greater shoot numbers and length, height, width, and dry weight compared to plants grown at 50 ppm N. Also spring growth of these liners was markedly enhanced by the higher level of N applied the previous season. Benzyladenine (BA) at 600 ppm increased the number of breaks and suppressed stem length, while gibberellic acid (GA3) at 400 ppm decreased the number of breaks and increased stem length.
Low Temperature Exotherms in Stem and Bud Tissues of Vitis riparia Michx.1
Authors: Pierquet Patrick , Stushnoff C. , Burke M. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The technique of differential thermal analysis was used to examine midwinter hardiness of bud and stem tissues of Vitis riparia. Low temperature freezing points (exotherms) were found to occur in both stem and deacclimated bud tissues. Exotherms were not exhibited by fully acclimated buds. The temperature at which the stem tissue exotherm occurred was independent of cooling rate and duration of a thawing pretreatment of 6 to 48 hours. The initiation temperature of the bud exotherms varied with cooling rate and duration of a thawing pretreatment of 6 to 48 hours; an increase in either caused the bud exotherm to occur at a higher temperature than that of the control. It is postulated that deep supercooling of the intracellular water in stem and bud tissues is the characteristic which limits the northern distribution of V. riparia.
Visual Symptoms of Nutrient Deficiencies in Rieger Elatior Begonia1
Authors: Nelson Paul V. , Krauskopf Dean M. , Mingis Nancy C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Symptoms for 7 nutrient deficiencies were established for elatior begonia ‘Schwabenland Red’ (Begonia X hiemalis Fotsch.). These are summarized in the form of a key as follows:
a. Chlorosis is a dominant symptom.
b. Chlorosis interveinal.
c. Interveinal chlorosis on older leaves followed by light tan necrotic spots within chlorotic areas which expand until leaf dies........................................................................................................................Mg
cc. Interveinal chlorosis on younger leaves.....................................................................................................Fe
bb. Chlorosis not interveinal.
c. Lower leaves uniformly yellow then purplish yellow and finally necrotic.................i.....................N
cc. Margins of canopy leaves yellow, then murky green-brown, and finally necrotic; all symptoms spread toward the leaf center......................................................................................................................Ca
aa. Chlorosis not a dominant symptom.
b. Necrosis begins along the margin of lower leaves and progresses inward....................................................K
bb. Plants stunted but normal green..........................................................................................................................P
bbb. Rust color, striations and cracks develop on young leaf petioles and peduncles perpendicular to their axes; internodes shortened and lateral shoots prolific; young leaves brittle crinkled around rust color spots which turn necrotic; chlorosis and necrosis spreading inward from the margin of young leaves...B
Color Development in ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples1
Authors: Gorski Piotr M. , Creasy L. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The concentrations of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and flavonoids were measured in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) skin during maturation, ripening, and storage. Chlorophyll was found to be the most important color determinant. Yellow coloration was not visible unless chlorophyll concentration was less than 0.15-0.20 µg/cm2 of skin. The minimum amount of carotenoids necessary for yellow color was found to be 0.3-0.4 µg/cm2 of skin. Flavonoids play a secondary role in yellow coloration. A decrease in total carotenoids occurred in September, followed by an increase to the original level. The flavonoid concentration was relatively constant during ripening.
Cadmium and Zinc Toxicity in White Pine, Red Maple, and Norway Spruce1
Authors: Mitchell Cynthia D. , Fretz Thomas A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Excessive accumulation of Cd or Zn in white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), resulted in reduced root initiation, poor development of root laterals, chlorosis, dwarfism, early leaf drop, wilting, and necrosis of current season’s growth. Positive correlations existed between nutrient culture levels and tissue accumulation when plants were grown in sand. White pine seedlings accumulated more Cd and Zn than either red maple or Norway spruce when compared in similar experiments. White pine appeared to be more tolerant of Cd and Zn accumulation than either red maple or Norway spruce since visual phytotoxicity symptoms were observed only at the higher treatment levels. Accumulation of Cd and Zn from a medium of 2 sand: 1 soil: 1 perlite by volume was also observed.