bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled Antimitotic Peptide Vesicle Designed fromα,β‐Tubulin Heterodimer Interface for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Mukherjee Nabanita , Roy Rajsekhar , Ghosh Satyajit , Ghosh Surajit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeptide based anticancer molecule act simultaneously as potent anticancer therapeutic as well as unique drug delivery vehicle for the targeted delivery of often cytotoxic abysmally bioavailable anticancer drugs to their designated organelle. The atypical self‐assembling propensity of peptides gives rise to distinct nanostructures capable of encapsulating various drug payload. Among three different types of cytoskeletons presents in eukaryotes, microtubule plays a quintessential role during the course of cell cycle. Microtubule‐targeting agents continues to be the most unwavering classes of antineoplastic drugs for the treatment of cancer. Any intervention to the dynamic tubulin assembly‐disassembly process will definitely lead to complete perturbation of total cell division process. Several tubulin targeted antimitotic drugs had been designed as well as discovered to disrupt this dynamic nature of tubulin monomers either by inducing extensive polymerization or depolymerization, thereby facilitating overall cell cycle arrest. However, in cancer cells, aberrant mTOR activity causes growing resistance against numerous tubulin targeted drugs inducing metastasization, and simultaneous invasion to new healthy tissues. In recent years, numerous tubulin targeted drugs have been found to have high activity in a combination with mTOR inhibitors like tacrolimus, everolimus (RAD001) etc. but restrained bioavailability, non‐specificity and quick excretion are the major impediments for the successful implementation. Combining the immense importance of protein‐peptide interaction for the development of future anticancer therapeutics as well as self‐assembling propensity of peptides we have taken a unique approach to craft a microtubule targeting antimitotic peptide designed fromα,β‐tubulin heterodimer interface, which promotes bothin vitroandin vivotubulin depolymerization, exhibiting middling toxicity towards MCF7 cells, causing cell cycle arrest. Further AFM images of this β‐sheet forming peptide reveals that this peptide upon self‐assembly give rise to spectacular vesicle structural characteristics which can be used as a vehicle for a combination delivery of Docetaxel and RAD001 in order to enhance their individual therapeutic potency. Encapsulation of propidium iodide and concomitant release studies suggest that Pep‐4 vesicles could be a potential candidate for tubulin targeted sustained release of therapeutics. Here, our designed peptide vesicles are found to capable for the delivery of tubulin targeting drug Docetaxel along with an well‐known mTOR inhibiting drug RAD001 successfully to breast cancer cell line in order to achieve a robust symbiotic effect.
Microaggressions: Mega problems or micro issues? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Costa Paula L. , McDuffie Jessica W. , Brown Stephanie E. V. , He Yimin , Ikner Brittany N. , Sabat Isaac E. , Miner Kathi N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile research on microaggressions has accumulated in recent decades, doubts have arisen over their impact on individuals. Hence, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relations between microaggressions and psychological well‐being, physical health, job outcomes, and positive and negative coping. Potential moderators (i.e., microaggression target, publication year, publication status, sample occupation, and inclusion of nonstigmatized group members) were also examined. A meta‐analytic approach was chosen to summarize the findings in the microaggression literature. Several search terms and databases were used to identify articles for inclusion. After review, a total of 141 articles with 154 samples contributed effect sizes to our analyses. The results showed that microaggressions were negatively related to psychological well‐being and physical health and positively related to coping. The pattern of results was generally the same regardless of the microaggression target, the year the study was conducted, the publication status of the paper, the occupation of the sample, and whether the sample included nonstigmatized groups members or not. This meta‐analysis demonstrates the stable, harmful effects associated with experiencing microaggressions. Specifically, microaggressions predicted negative outcomes across individuals and contexts. Thus, actions should be taken to decrease their prevalence within educational and occupational settings.
Lymphoma‐associated acquired von Willebrand syndrome responsive to splenectomy: A case report
Authors: Khadadah Fatima , Rupani Natasha , Scott Jordan , Trinkaus Martina , Teitel Jerome , Sholzberg Michelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA previously healthy 33‐year‐old female presented with a large hematoma over her right knee after kneeling. She was found to have pancytopenia and massive splenomegaly. Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) antigen level was 0.38 units/ml, ristocetin cofactor activity 0.13 units/ml, and VWF multimeric distribution was normal. Bone marrow examination revealed an indolent B‐cell lymphoma. Diagnosis was consistent with acquired von Willebrand syndrome as an autoimmune epiphenomenon of a lymphoma. Diagnostic and therapeutic splenectomy under hemostatic coverage was performed. VWF antigen levels and activities immediately normalized postoperatively and remained within the normal range several months later. Splenic pathology confirmed hairy cell leukemia with a BRAF mutation.
Acteoside promotes B cell-derived IL-10 production and ameliorates autoimmunity
Authors: Wu Meiling , Yu Sulan , Chen Yacun , Meng Wei , Chen Haiyong , He Jing , Shen Jiangang , Lin Xiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIL-10-producing regulatory B (Breg) cells are well recognized for maintaining immune tolerance. The impaired Breg cell function with decreased IL-10-producing capacity has been found in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). However, seldom therapeutic agents targeting Breg cells are available to treat those autoimmune diseases. Here, we showed that acteoside (AC), a caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside from a medicinal herb Radix Rehmanniae, could promote IL-10 production from both human and murine B cells via critically regulating the TLR4/PI3K axis. Moreover, TLR4 was found increased in Breg cells from mice with experimental SS (ESS), a mouse model that recapitulates human pSS. Thus, B cells from the ESS mice were susceptible to AC treatment, showing higher IL-10-producing capacity than those from naïve controls. In addition, AC treatment also promoted the production of IL-10 from TLR4+CXCR4+ plasma cells of ESS mice. Notably, we found that AC was able to enter lymphoid organs upon oral administration. AC treatment effectively increased IL-10+ B cells in ESS mice and ameliorated disease pathology accompanied by reduced T effector cells, including Th17 and T follicular helper cells in the ESS mice. In conclusion, AC could promote Breg cell function and attenuate ESS pathology in vivo, which may be a promising drug candidate for treating pSS and other autoimmune diseases.
Paradigms of actinorhizal symbiosis under the regime of global climatic changes: New insights and perspectives
Authors: Chetri Siva P. K. , Rahman Zeeshanur , Thomas Lebin , Lal Ratan , Gour Tripti , Agarwal Lokesh Kumar , Vashishtha Akanksha , Kumar Sachin , Kumar Gaurav , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Kuldeep 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNitrogen occurs as inert and inaccessible dinitrogen gaseous form (N2) in the atmosphere. Biological nitrogen fixation is a chief process that makes this dinitrogen (N2) accessible and bioavailable in the form of ammonium (NH4+) ions. The key organisms to fix nitrogen are certain prokaryotes, called diazotrophs either in the free‐living form or establishing significant mutual relationships with a variety of plants. On such examples is ~95–100 MY old incomparable symbiosis between dicotyledonous trees and a unique actinobacterial diazotroph in diverse ecosystems. In this association, the root of the certain dicotyledonous tree (~25 genera and 225 species) belonging to three different taxonomic orders, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales (FaCuRo) known as actinorhizal trees can host a diazotroph, Frankia of order Frankiales. Frankia is gram‐positive, branched, filamentous, sporulating, and free‐living soil actinobacterium. It resides in the specialized, multilobed, and coralloid organs (lateral roots but without caps), the root nodules of actinorhizal tress. This review aims to provide systematic information on the distribution and the phylogenetic diversity of hosts from FaCuRo and their micro‐endosymbionts (Frankia spp.), colonization mechanisms, and signaling pathways. We also aim to provide details on developmental and physiological imperatives for gene regulation and functional genomics of symbiosis, phenomenal restoration ecology, influences of contemporary global climatic changes, and anthropogenic impacts on plant–Frankia interactions for the functioning of ecosystems and the biosphere.
Understanding the water structures by near‐infrared and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Han Li , Sun Yan , Wang Shiying , Su Tao , Cai Wensheng , Shao Xueguang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe structure of water in different systems has been extensively studied due to the complexity and flexibility of the hydrogen‐bonded network and the important role in chemical and biological processes. Near‐infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the structures of water and the interactions in aqueous systems. In this review, works for structural analysis of water by NIR and Raman spectroscopy were summarized. From resolution‐enhanced spectra, the spectral components of water were obtained. The spectral features correspond to the structures of water with different hydrogen bonds and the interactions of water and solutes. Following the concept of aquaphotomics, the changes of the spectral pattern of water with different perturbations, such as the variation of composition and temperature, were studied. The spectral pattern was found to be related to the analytes in the analyzing system and can be used to reflect the properties of the solutes and even disease diagnosis. Furthermore, water structures in the conformational change of macromolecules such as proteins and polymers were analyzed. Water was proved to be an indicator of the changes, and the water structures with two or three hydrogen bonds (S2 or S3) were found to have an important role in the phase transition of the proteins and polymers.
Quality of Life Measurement for Adolescent Patients with Sinonasal Symptoms
Authors: Makary Chadi A , Tumlin Parker , Asad Fatima , Wasef Kareem , Ramadan Hassan H 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo validate each of the sino‐nasal outcome test (SNOT‐22) and the sinus and nasal quality of life (SN5) surveys for the adolescent population defined as 12 to 18 years old, and to determine if they correlate in regard to reports of sinonasal symptoms and quality of life.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsAdolescent patients, age 12 to 18 years old, presenting to our otolaryngology clinic between August 2020 and June 2021 were asked to fill both the SNOT‐22 and the SN5 forms. Demographics and comorbidities were reviewed. Patients recruited were then divided into a sinonasal cohort (those with chronic sinonasal symptoms) and a control cohort (those who did not have any sinonasal disorders at time of visit).ResultsOne hundred fifteen patients completed both surveys, 80 patients in the sinonasal cohort and 35 patients in the control cohort. Average age was 14.9 years, and 49.6% were female. Mean SNOT‐22 and SN5 scores were significantly higher in the sinonasal cohort as compared with the control cohort which confirmed validity of both surveys for the adolescents. Good test–retest reliability for both surveys was obtained (r = 0.76 for SNOT‐22, and r = 0.64 for SN5). SNOT‐22 and SN5 scores correlated well in both the sinonasal cohort (r = 0.63, p < 0.0001) and the control cohort (r = 0.61, p = 0.0003). Both surveys strongly predicted chronic sinonasal disorders with an odds ratio of 2.5 for SNOT‐22 and 2.2 for SN5.ConclusionBoth instruments can be used to study the outcome of treatment for sinonasal disorders in adolescent patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:1052–1058, 2023
Excavated farmland treated with plastic mulching as a strategy for groundwater conservation and the control of soil salinization
Authors: Ke Zengming , Liu Xiaoli , Ma Lihui , Dong Qin'ge , Jiao Feng , Wang Zhanli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil salinization and water deficits in gully consolidation farmland including excavated farmland (EF) and sediment deposited farmland (SF) have become an increasing concern in the Loess Hilly region, China. However, the responses of different farmland types and tillage‐mulching practices on soil salt content (SSC) and water use efficiency (WUE) have not been widely studied in this region. Thus, we conducted a two‐year field experiment to assess the soil water content (SWC) and SSC and their effect on the spring maize yield and WUE under different tillage‐mulching practices in EF and SF. Eight treatments incorporating flat cropping without mulching (FC), ridge planting without mulching (RP), ridge cropping with straw mulching (SM), and ridge cropping with plastic mulching (PM) were applied to EF and SF plots, respectively. Our results indicated that the yield of spring maize was limited by SWC (p < 0.01). Although EF had a low yield of spring maize compared to SF, it had the highest WUE (p < 0.01), which was mainly due to the lower groundwater consumption. Meanwhile, the average SSC was significantly lower in EF than in SF (p < 0.01). PM had the highest SWC (14.9%) and significantly reduced the accumulation of SSC (−0.09 g kg−1), thereby improving spring maize yield (12,200 kg ha−1) and WUE (1.71 kg m−3) (p < 0.05). These results suggested that EF with PM is optimal for groundwater conservation, decreasing the risk of soil salinization, and improving WUE and maize yield in dryland agricultural areas.
Plants, soil properties and microbes directly and positively drive ecosystem multifunctionality in a plantation chronosequence
Authors: Wang Jianqing , Shi Xiuzhen , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban , Lam Shu Kee , Wang Zhenyu , Huang Zhiqun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is the main plantation species in the subtropical region of China. However, the shift in ecosystem multifunctionality with stand development remains largely unexplored for these plantations. This study used a chronosequence to investigate the variations of ecosystem multifunctionality by employing individual functions and identified its driving factors in Chinese fir plantations. The findings provide strong evidence that the individual functions of carbon stocks, water regulation and wood production increased with stand ages, but the tradeoff of individual functions did not significantly increase ecosystem multifunctionality. Soil microbial parameters (the abundances of bacteria, fungi and actinomycete), soil properties (soil moisture, total carbon and total nitrogen), and plant parameters (the shrub layer cover and total understory cover) exhibited positive correlations with ecosystem multifunctionality. The structural equation model revealed that plants, soil properties and microbes pathways explained 83% of the total variance in ecosystem multifunctionality. Results showed that plants, soil microbes and properties directly and significantly affected ecosystem multifunctionality with path coefficients of 0.404, 0.487 and 0.334, respectively. Soil microbes were identified as the top direct predictor for ecosystem multifunctionality, while plant and soil properties had strong direct and positive effects on ecosystem multifunctionality. These results verified that soil microbes, plants and soil properties directly and positively regulated ecosystem multifunctionality. Our findings demonstrate that ecosystem multifunctionality should be considered as a comprehensive ecological indicator for ecosystem services and functions, and sustainable plantation management. This study highlights the importance of conserving soil microbes for maintaining multifunctionality in Chinese fir plantations.
Synthesis of High‐Molecular‐Weight and Strength Polyisobutylene‐Based Polyurethane and Its Use for the Development of a Synthetic Heart Valve
Authors: Deodhar Tejal , Nugay Nihan , Nugay Turgut , Patel Ruhi , Moggridge Geoff , Kennedy Joseph Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnder optimized synthesis conditions, for the first time, polyisobutylene‐based polyurethane (PIB–PU) is prepared with 70% PIB soft segment (i.e., a bioinert and calcification‐resistant PU) with Mn > 100 000 Da, 32 MPa ultimate strength, and 630% elongation. The key parameters for this achievement are a) the precise stoichiometry of the polyurethane forming reaction, specifically the use of highly purified di‐isocyanate (4,4′‐methylene‐bis (phenyl isocyanate), MDI), and b) the increased solid content of the synthesis solution to the limit beyond which increased viscosity prevents stirring. The shape of the stress–strain trace of PIB–PU indicates a two‐step failure starting with a reversible elastic (Hookean) region up to ≈50% yield, followed by a slower linearly increasing high‐modulus‐deformation region suggesting the strengthening of PIB soft segments by entanglement/catenation, and the hard segments by progressively ordering urethane domains. This PIB–PU is a candidate for a fully synthetic bioprosthetic heart valve since preliminary studies show that PIB–PU has impressive fatigue life.
CAF‐derived exosomes transmitted Gremlin‐1 promotes cancer progression and decreases the sensitivity of hepatoma cells to sorafenib
Authors: Qin Wei , Wang Li , Tian Huan , Wu Xiaocai , Xiao Cuicui , Pan Yuhang , Fan Mingming , Tai Yan , Liu Wei , Zhang Qi , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide because of metastasis. An increasing number of studies have reported that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have emerged as the largest component of the stroma and play a critical role in tumor‐promoting processes. However, the effects of CAFs on cancer progression and the sensitivity of hepatoma cells to sorafenib are not well characterized. Here, we identified the proteome of CAF‐derived exosomes, and unveiled that exosomal Gremlin‐1 derived from CAFs contributes to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of hepatoma cells and the decrease of the sorafenib sensitivity through regulating Wnt/β‐catenin and BMP signaling pathways. Compared to control subjects, the level of plasma exosomal Gremlin‐1 was significantly increased in HCC patients. Further studies indicated that plasma exosomal Gremlin‐1 may predict sorafenib response in HCC patients. Collectively, our findings uncover CAFs‐derived Gremlin‐1‐rich exosomes promote EMT and decrease the sensitivity of hepatoma cells to sorafenib by Wnt/β‐catenin and BMP signaling.
Influence of flow and susceptibility effects on spin dephasing in lung tissue
Authors: Rotkopf Lukas T. , Kampf Thomas , Triphan Simon M. F. , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Ziener Christian H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of interstitial lung disease. Biophysical models of alveolar lung tissue are needed to understand the complex interplay of susceptibility, diffusion, and flow effects, and their influence on magnetic resonance (MR) spin dephasing.MethodsIn this work, we present a method for modeling the signal decay of lung tissue by utilizing a two‐compartment model, which considers the different spin dephasing mechanisms in the alveolar vasculature and interstitial tissue. This allows calculating the magnetization dynamics and the MR lineshape, which can be measured noninvasively using clinical MR scanners.ResultsThe accuracy of the method was evaluated using finite element simulations and the experimentally measured lineshapes of a healthy volunteer. In this comparison, the model performs well, indicating that the relevant spin dephasing mechanisms are correctly taken into account.ConclusionsThe proposed method can be used to estimate the influence of blood flow and alveolar geometry on the MR lineshape of lung tissue.
Risikobewertung: Sortieren, vergleichen, gruppieren
Authors: Klemeyer Horst 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDas Stoffgruppenkonzept der europäischen Chemikalienagentur stuft Stoffe und Gemische ein, bei denen toxikologische Prüfdaten fehlen. Mit einem systematischen Datenabgleich lassen sich die Gefahren realistisch einschätzen.
Local delivery of tumor‐targeting nano‐micelles harboring GSH‐responsive drug release to improve antitumor efficiency
Authors: Li Xiaoqiang , Shi Yongli , Xu Shuxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing the accumulation of therapeutics in tumor site and improving the bioavailability of delivered drug are vital strategies to enhance chemotherapy efficiency as well as reduce side effects. Herein, we report an injectable hydrogel system to locally deliver tumor‐targeting nano‐micelles with GSH‐responsive drug release to improve antitumor efficiency. Amphiphilic polymers with different functions were designed and successfully synthesized. Then, the prepared polymers self‐assembled into nano‐micelles (PPR‐NP), which exhibited tumor cell targeting and GSH‐responsive drug release behavior. Furthermore, we constructed an injectable hydrogel system composed of the nano‐micelles (PPR‐NP@α‐CDgel). Peritumorally administrated to tumor site, PPR‐NP@α‐CDgel sustainedly released PPR‐NP around tumor site in situ, which were specifically taken up by tumor cells and rapidly released loaded paclitaxel in responsible to the high concentration of GSH in tumor cell, thus effectively inhibiting tumor growth. Synergized by the multitargeting effect, the present system could effectively improve the bioavailability of antineoplastic drug and enhance the antitumor efficiency, holding potential for solid tumor therapy.
Development of highly alkaline stable anion conductive polymers with fluorene backbone for water electrolysis
Authors: Nara Yuri , Tanaka Manabu , Nagasawa Kensaku , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Mitsushima Shigenori , Kawakami Hiroyoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is currently paying attention as a new hydrogen (H2) production method since it can operate at high current densities using inexpensive nonnoble metal catalysts. However, the significant problems of AEMs, including their insufficient anion conductivity and alkaline stability, prevent the practical usage of AEMWE. We show a novel anion conductive polymer, alkyl trimethylammonium‐substituted polyfluorene (TMA‐PF), bearing no heteroatom bonds in the main chain. The TMA‐PF membrane possesses higher anion conductivity than conventional AEMs due to the increased flexibility and mobility of the alkylammonium side chains of TMA‐PF. The TMA‐PF membrane shows high‐alkaline stability and maintains the initial ion conductivity after immersion in an aqueous NaOH solution (8 mol L−1) at 80°C for 48 h. In the water electrolysis evaluation, the cell using the TMA‐PF membrane exhibits a higher current density (400 mA cm−2 at 2.03 V) than the cell using the conventional AEM at the same potential, indicating that the novel AEM has a high potential to generate H2 effectively. Green hydrogen produced by AEMWE using renewable energy will be an environmentally benign energy source without CO2 emissions.