bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willingness, perceived barriers and motivators in adopting mobile applications for health-related interventions among older adults: a scoping review
Authors: Ahmad Nurul Asilah , Mat Ludin Arimi Fitri , Shahar Suzana , Mohd Noah Shahrul Azman , Mohd Tohit Noorlaili 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThis scoping review aims to identify the level of willingness, the existing barriers, and motivators among older adults in using mobile applications to monitor and manage their health conditions. The secondary aim of this paper is to categorise these willingness, barriers and motivators using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).DesignScoping review.Data sourcePubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Science Direct (January 2009–December 2020).Study selectionStudies that describe older adults’ perspectives with regard to their willingness, barriers or motivators towards the use of mobile applications in monitoring and managing their health condition were included.Data extractionTitles and abstracts were initially screened by two reviewers. Articles agreed by both reviewers were proceeded to full-text screening. One reviewer extracted the data, which were verified by a second reviewer. Findings were further classified according to the 14 TDF domains by two researchers.ResultsSix studies were included in the final scoping review. Barriers to adopting mobile applications for health-related interventions among older adults were the most common topic identified in the included studies. Barriers included being unaware of the existence of mobile health applications, lack of technological skills, lack of perceived ability and time, absence of professional involvements, and violation of trust and privacy. With regard to willingness, older adults are willing to use mobile applications if the apps incorporated features from a trusted source and have valid credentials. Motivators included continuous improvements of mobile applications’ design interface and personalised features tailored to older adults’ needs.ConclusionsWith the constant research for more diversified technology, the development of mobile applications to help older adults to manage and monitor health is seen as feasible, but barriers have to be addressed. The most prominent barriers linked to TDF domains were: (1) technological skills, (2) belief about consequences, and (3) memory, attention and decision process. Future interventions should use behaviour change techniques that target these three TDF domains in order to improve the ability to engage older adults with mobile technology.
Adolescent stress experiences over time study (ASETS) protocol: design and methods of a prospective longitudinal study of sexual minority adolescents in the USA
Authors: Schrager Sheree M , Mamey Mary Rose , Rhoades Harmony , Goldbach Jeremy T 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionSexual minority adolescents (SMA) report higher rates of anxiety, self-harm, depression and suicide than heterosexual peers. These disparities appear to persist into adulthood and may worsen for certain subgroups, yet the mechanisms that drive these concerns remain poorly understood. Minority stress theory, the predominant model for understanding these disparities, posits that poorer outcomes are due to the stress of living in a violently homophobic and discriminatory culture. Although numerous studies report associations between minority stress and behavioural health in adolescence, no study has comprehensively examined how minority stress may change throughout the course of adolescence, nor how stress trajectories may predict health outcomes during this critical developmental period.Methods and analysisBetween 15 May 2018 and 1 April 2019, we recruited a US national sample of diverse SMA (n=2558) age 14–17 through social media and respondent-driven sampling strategies. A subset of participants (n=1076) enrolled in the longitudinal component and will be followed each 6 months until 1 July 2022. Primary outcomes include symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder; suicidality and self-harm and substance use. The key predictor is minority stress, operationalised as the Sexual Minority Adolescent Stress Inventory. We will use parallel cohort-sequential latent growth curve models to test study hypotheses within a developmental framework.Ethics and disseminationAll participants provided assent to participate, and longitudinal participants provided informed consent at the first follow-up survey after reaching age 18. All study procedures were reviewed and approved by the University of Southern California Social–Behavioral Institutional Review Board, including a waiver of parental permission given the potential for harm due to unintentional ‘outing’ to a parent during the consent process. The final anonymous data set will be available on request, and research findings will be disseminated through academic channels and products tailored for the lay community.
National patient groups in Canada and their disclosure of relationships with pharmaceutical companies: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lexchin Joel , Batt Sharon , Goldberg Devorah , Shnier Adrienne 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThis study investigates the information and policies that Canadian patient groups post on their publicly available websites about their relationships with pharmaceutical companies.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCanadian national patient groups.ParticipantsNinety-seven patient groups with publicly available websites.InterventionsEach patient group was contacted by email. Information from patient groups’ websites was collected about: total annual revenue for the latest fiscal year, year revenue was reported, revenue from pharmaceutical company donors, purpose of the donation, presence of donors’ logos on the website and hyperlinks to donors’ websites, previous and current employment information about board members and staff, external audits about the group’s finances and whether the group endorses products made by donors. Analysis of publicly available policies looking at: board and/or advisory board, acceptance of donations and revenue generation, independence of decision-making, endorsements, assistance to and/or interactions between patient members from a donor or another company/person acting on behalf of a donor and audits/monitoring/compliance.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNumber of patient groups posting information on their websites about their relationships with pharmaceutical companies; the presence and contents of patient group policies covering different topics about relationships with pharmaceutical companies.ResultsFifty-three (54.6%) of 97 groups reported donations from pharmaceutical companies. Forty-one (42.3%) groups showed the logos of pharmaceutical companies on their websites and 22 (53.7%) had hyperlinks to pharmaceutical company websites. Twenty-five (25.8%) of these groups endorsed pharmaceutical products produced by brand-name companies that had donated to the groups. Twenty-six (26.8%) groups had policies that dealt with relationships with pharmaceutical companies.ConclusionsPharmaceutical industry funding of the included patient groups was common. Despite this, relatively little information was provided on patient group websites about their relationships with pharmaceutical companies. Only 26 out of 97 groups had publicly available policies that directly dealt with their relationships with pharmaceutical companies.
Interventions for social isolation in older adults who have experienced a fall: a systematic review
Authors: Tricco Andrea C , Thomas Sonia M , Radhakrishnan Amruta , Ramkissoon Naveeta , Mitchell Gary , Fortune Jennifer , Jiang Ying , de Groh Margaret , Anderson Kerry , Barker Joan , Gauthier-Beaupré Amélie , Watt Jennifer , Straus Sharon E 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe objective of our systematic review was to identify the effective interventions to prevent or mitigate social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults who experienced a fall.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Ageline were searched (from inception to February 2020).MethodsStudies were eligible if they described any intervention for social isolation in older adults living in a community setting who experienced a fall, and reported outcomes related to social isolation or loneliness.Two independent reviewers screened citations, abstracted data and appraised risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The results were summarised descriptively.ResultsAfter screening 4069 citations and 55 full-text articles, four studies were included. The four studies varied in study design, including a randomised controlled trial, non-randomised controlled trial, an uncontrolled before-after study and a quasiexperimental study. Interventions varied widely, and included singing in a choir, a patient-centred, interprofessional primary care team-based approach, a multifactorial assessment targeting fall risk, appropriate medication use, loneliness and frailty, and a community-based care model that included comprehensive assessments and multilevel care coordination. Outcome measures varied and included scales for loneliness, social isolation, social interaction, social networks and social satisfaction. Mixed results were found, with three studies reporting no differences in social isolation or loneliness after the intervention. Only the multifactorial assessment intervention demonstrated a small positive effect on loneliness compared with the control group after adjustment (B=−0.18, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.02).ConclusionsFew studies examined the interventions for social isolation or loneliness in older adults who experienced a fall. More research is warranted in this area.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198487.
Optimal iron content in ready-to-use therapeutic foods for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition in the community settings: a protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Imdad Aamer , François Melissa , Chen Fanny F , Smith Abigail , Tsistinas Olivia , Tanner-Smith Emily , Das Jai K , Bhutta Zulfiqar Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe current standard of care for children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) involves using ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) to promote growth; however, the precise formulation to achieve optimal recovery remains unclear. Emerging research suggests that alternative RUTF formulations may be more effective in correcting SAM-related complications such as anaemia and iron deficiency. This systematic review commissioned by the WHO aims to synthesise the most recent research on the iron content in RUTF and related products in the community-based treatment of uncomplicated severe malnutrition in children aged 6 months and older.Methods and analysisWe will search multiple electronic databases. We will include randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies with a control arm. The intervention group will be infants who received RUTF treatments other than the current recommended guidelines set forth by the WHO. The comparison group is children receiving RUTF containing iron at the current WHO-recommended level of 1.9 mg/100 kcal (10–14 mg/100 g). The primary outcomes of interest include blood haemoglobin concentration, any anaemia, severe anaemia, iron-deficiency anaemia, recovery from SAM and any adverse outcomes. We will use meta-analysis to pool findings if sufficient homogeneity exists among included studies. The risk of bias in studies will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias-2. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation(GRADE) approach to examine the overall certainty of evidence.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review and will not involve direct contact with human subjects. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will guide the WHO’s recommendation on the optimal iron content in RUTFs for the treatment of SAM in children aged 6–59 months.
Improving the mental health and mental health support available to adolescents with social care-experience via low-intensity life story work: a realist review protocol
Authors: Hammond Simon P , Duddy Claire , Mickleburgh Ella , Hiller Rachel , Neil Elsbeth , Williams Kevin , Rodgers Luke , Wilson Jon , Wong Geoff 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionAdolescents are the fastest growing group entering social care and are most at risk of mental ill-health. Life Story Work (LSW) is an existing transdiagnostic intervention thought to improve the well-being and mental health of children and adolescents under the care of a local authority by assisting the processing of trauma. Yet LSW is poorly evidenced, lacks standardisation and focuses on younger children. LSW is also high-intensity, relying on specialist input over several months. Adolescent-focused low-intensity-LSW is a promising alternative. However, there is poor evidence on how LSW, let alone low-intensity-LSW should be delivered to adolescents. We aim to identify why, how, in what contexts, for whom and to what extent low-intensity-LSW interventions can be delivered to adolescents with care-experience.Methods and analysisUndertaking a realist review, we will: (1) develop an initial programme theory (PrT) of adolescent-focused low-intensity-LSW by consulting with two key expert panels (care-experienced and professional stakeholders), and by searching the literature to identify existing relevant theories; (2) undertake a comprehensive literature search to identify secondary data to develop and refine our emerging PrT. Searches will be run between 12/2021-06/2022 in databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ASSIA and relevant sources of grey literature; (3) select, extract and organise data; (4) synthesise evidence using a realist logic of analysis and undertake further iterative data searching and consultation with our expert panels; (5) write up and share the refined PrT with our expert panels for their final comments. From this process guidance will be developed to help improve the delivery of LSW to support the mental health needs of adolescents with care-experience.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Dissemination will include input from expert panels. We will develop academic, practice and youth focused outputs targeting adolescents, their carers, social, healthcare, and educational professionals, academics, and policymakers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021279816.
Periorbital and orbital cellulitis in children: a survey of emergency physicians and analysis of clinical practice guidelines across the PERUKI network
Authors: Tolhurst-Cleaver Meriel , Evans Jordan , Waterfield Thomas , Adamson Jonathan , Marlow Robin , Lyttle Mark D , Roland Damian 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDue to limited evidence to guide management of periorbital cellulitis (POC), we surveyed current practice and assessed quality and consistency of local clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to highlight future research priorities.MethodsA web-based survey was sent to a designated emergency physician (who clinically assesses children) at Paediatric Emergency Research United Kingdom and Ireland (PERUKI) sites between 23 November 2018 to 22 January 2019. A nominated site lead offered one response as a department-wide perspective on admission, severity assessment, treatment, disposition and specialty consultation request. Sites shared their CPG. These were compared using a standardised data collection tool, and quality assessed using Standardised Reporting Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) criteria. Survey responses were also compared against CPG recommendations.Results83% (49/59) institutions invited submitted an individual survey response. 67% of responding sites had a CPG and 63% (31/49) submitted these. CPG quality was poor (mean 6.7/35 RIGHT criteria). 21 different severity markers were identified across CPGs. Most CPGS recommend investigations for severe disease, yet 23% (7/31) advise blood culture universally. 90% of CPGs advise discharge with oral antibiotics for milder cases, yet 86% of respondents reported departmental admission of all patients with POC. Nearly all respondents included proptosis, systemically unwell and visual disturbance as indications for admission but differed regarding importance of other signs.ConclusionsWe demonstrated variation in practice across the PERUKI network in assessment of severity and management of POC. CPGs vary in recommendations, and clinical practice appears to differ from CPGs. Guidelines were generally of poor quality when compared against RIGHT standards.
Comparative whole transcriptome analysis of Parkinson’s disease focusing on the efficacy of zonisamide
Authors: Naito Tatsuhiko , Satake Wataru , Cha Pei-Chieng , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Murata Miho , Toda Tatsushi 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveInterindividual variations in responsiveness to zonisamide in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been observed in clinical settings. To decipher the molecular mechanisms determining the efficacy of zonisamide, we conducted whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of patients with PD.MethodsWe selected 23 super-responders (SRs) and 25 non-responders (NRs) to zonisamide from patients with PD who had participated in a previous clinical trial for the approval of zonisamide for the treatment of ‘wearing-off’. Whole transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood was conducted on samples taken before and 12 weeks after zonisamide treatment. We performed differential gene expression analysis to compare between the SRs and NRs at each time point.ResultsDifferentially expressed genes in the pre-treatment samples were significantly enriched for glutamatergic synapses and insulin-like growth factor binding (Padj=7.8 × 10−3and 0.029, respectively). The gene sets associated with these functions changed more dynamically by treatment in SRs than NRs (p=7.2 × 10−3and 8.2 × 10−3, respectively).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the efficacy of zonisamide in PD patients is associated with glutamate-related synaptic modulation and p53-mediated dopaminergic neural loss. Their transcriptomic differences could be captured before treatment, which would lead to the realisation of future personalised treatment.
Circulating immune cell landscape in patients who had mild ischaemic stroke
Authors: Cho Young-Eun , Lee Hyangkyu , Bae Heekyong R. , Kim Hyungsuk , Yun Sijung , Vorn Rany , Cashion Ann , Rucker Mary Jo , Afzal Mariam , Latour Lawrence , Gill Jessica 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionPatients who had a mild ischaemic stroke who present with subtle or resolving symptoms sometimes go undiagnosed, are excluded from treatment and in some cases clinically worsen. Circulating immune cells are potential biomarkers that can assist with diagnosis in ischaemic stroke. Understanding the transcriptomic changes of each cell population caused by ischaemic stroke is critical because they work closely in a complicated relationship. In this study, we investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) transcriptomics of patients who had a stroke using a single-cell RNA sequencing to understand peripheral immune response after mild stroke based on the gene expression in an unbiased way.MethodsTranscriptomes of PBMCsfrom 10 patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke within 24 hours after stroke onset were compared with 9 race-matched/age-matched/gender-matched controls. Individual PBMCs were prepared with ddSeqTM(Illumina-BioRad) and sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform.ResultsNotable population changes were observed in patients who had a stroke, especially in NK cells and CD14+ monocytes. The number of NK cells was increased, which was further confirmed by flow cytometry. Functional analysis implied that the activity of NK cells also is enhanced in patients who had a stroke. CD14+ monocytes were clustered into two groups; dendritic cell-related CD14+ monocytes and NK cell-related CD14+ monocytes. We found CD14+ monocyte subclusters were dramatically reduced in patients who had a stroke.DiscussionThis is the first study demonstrating the increased number of NK cells and new monocyte subclusters of mild ischaemic stroke based on the transcriptomic analysis. Our findings provide the dynamics of circulating immune response that could assist diagnosis and potential therapeutic development of mild ischaemic stroke.
Testing generalized spacetimes for black holes using the Hod function representation of the hoop conjecture
Authors: Nandi K. K. , Izmailov R. N. , Karimov R. Kh. , Garipova G. M. , Volotskova R. R. , Potapov A. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe hoop conjecture, due to Thorne, is a fundamental aspect of black holes in classical general relativity. Recently, generalized classes of regular spherically symmetric static black holes with arbitrary exponents coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics have been constructed in the literature. The conjecture in those spacetimes could be violated if only the asymptotic mass $$M_{\infty }$$

M
∞

is used. To avoid such violations, Hod earlier suggested the appropriate mass function and stated the conjecture in terms of what we call the Hod function. The conjecture can then be applied to any given static spacetime to test whether or not it represents black holes. It is shown here that the conjecture is protected in the above constructed class of generalized spacetimes thus supporting them as black holes. However, it is argued that there are factors, including violation of the conjecture, that militate against the proposed new class of solutions to be qualifying as black holes. Finally, we exemplify that the Hod mass $$M(r\le R)$$

M
(
r
≤
R
)

in the conjecture is exactly the matter counterpart of the Misner–Sharp geometrical quasilocal mass $$m(r\le R)$$

m
(
r
≤
R
)

of general relativity. Thus any conclusion based on Hod function is strictly a conclusion of general relativity.
Stratigraphic architecture, sedimentology and structure of the Middle Pleistocene Corinth Canal (Greece)
Authors: Caterina Basile , Rubi Romain , Hubert-Ferrari Aurélia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The artificial Corinth Canal connects the Aegean Sea with the Corinth Gulf, and displays high steep walls that enable the study of the sedimentological structure of this area. A former strait naturally connecting the gulf with the Aegean Sea is assumed to have existed in this area. Therefore, this exceptionally well-exposed site could be used as an analogue to study tidal straits after its stratigraphic architecture, sedimentology and structure have been defined. To do so, we used field observations associated with a 3D model built using drone imaging. We document a strait divided into a central zone and two adjacent dune-bedded strait zones. The centre is an active horst where sediment bypass occurred. On both sides of this, opposite-dipping conglomeratic dunes are represented by simple- and compound-dune foreset architectures with multiscale asymmetrical herringbone cross-stratifications. These observations document a tidal strait with conglomeratic dune-bedded strait zones in a micro-tidal context. These
c.
300 ka strait deposits are the only ones preserved in the canal area. After deposition ended, this connection disappeared due to regional uplift and the offset of the Kalamaki–Isthmia Fault. This palaeostrait helps to improve our understanding of Middle–Late Pleistocene palaeogeography and the structural controls on sea connections.