bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of social media in empowering micro scale women entrepreneurs in Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Aishatu Mohammed , Salisu Isyaka Mohammed , Bappa-yaya Adama 
Published: July 2022

Despite various efforts aimed at inclusive development both at the national and international levels, gender inequality is still prevalent in many developing countries especially in the field of entrepreneurship. This is particularly evident patriarchal societies such as north eastern Nigeria where women micro entrepreneurs face several socio-cultural and institutional challenges. The aim of this study was to assess the role social media plays in empowering micro scale women entrepreneurs in Gombe State Nigeria. A random sample of 92 women entrepreneurs operating in both old and new markets of Gombe metropolis were chosen for the study. A structured questionnaire was designed using to collect data from the respondents. The study found that social media is empowering women entrepreneurs in Gombe metropolis by increasing their social capital and self-efficacy. This study recommends that the government should further educate the women entrepreneurs especially micro scale entrepreneurs on the prospects of social media in enhancing business purposes, and hence their ability to contribute actively to community and national development whilst also training them on how to overcome potential risks on social media platforms. The study further recommends that, the government should liaise with the telecommunication companies to provide a good quality internet connectivity to their customers in order to enhance business activities.
النثر المقفى كوسيلة لأيضاح العلاقات بين تيارات المجتمع اليهودي في أوربا القرن الثامن عشر.. كتاب "وثيقة النظم" ليهودا هوربيتس إنموذجا.
Authors: اسماء عبد الكريم عبد الرحمن ا.م. 
Published: July 2022

انواع النثر المقفى والمقامة بأنواعها, والتي ازدهرت كتيار أدبي في فترة العصور الوسطى في أسبانيا وإيطاليا والتي تطورت بشكل زاخر أيضا في القرن الثامن عشر, وكذلك بالقرن التاسع عشر في إطار أدب الهسكالاه.
نتاجات حاييم نحمان بياليق, شموئيل يوسف عجنون ويهودا بورلا تضمنت أيضا هذا النوع من الأدب.
النثر المقفى صيغ في الفترة الحديثة بشكل جميل جدا, حيث التنوع بالنتاجات المكتوبة بهذه الطريقة, وأيضا العلاقة بين تنوع النتاجات المختلفة وبين التحديدات الثابتة والتركيز بالأهداف الفعلية للمقامات, مجسدا ومعززا جيدا بتقارير موضوعية عن محتوى وصور النتاجات نفسها والتي تبلورت في الأدب العبري في فترة العصور الوسطى.
لقد تجلت تلك الصور بأحدى النتاجات المهمة والتي نشرت في القرن الثامن عشر. كتاب "وثيقة النظم" للأديب يهودا هوربيتس والمعروف بتاريخ الادب العبري كأحد من مبشري حركة التنوير المعتدلين في شرق أوربا ومركزها. هذا الكتاب يعرض لنا الجدل بين الحسيديين ومعارضيهم, بطريقة قصصية وبأسلوب لطيف.
ولقد قدم هوربيتس بكتابه هذا أدق التفاصيل عن علاقة التيارات الدينية والروحية في المجتمع اليهودي في الحقبة الزمنية أعلاه, وبطريقة سهلة وممتعة للقارىء.

במחקר זה התענינתי בנושא כל כך חשוב שהוא: הפרוזה המחורזת בספרות העברית. הז'אנר הזה שהיה שייך למקאמה העברית שהופעה כז'אנר ספרותי בימי הביניים בספרד בהשפעתה של המקאמה הערבית, וביחוד במאה ה-י''ב, ב''מחברת'' של שלמה אבן צקבל שנקראה ''נאום אשר בן יהודה''. יהודה אלחריזי לרוב היה החלוץ בתחום זה, וביחוד בספרו ''תחכמוני''. ספרו של עמנואל הרומי ''מחברות'' כתוב בפרוזה מחורזת.
בתקופת ההשכלה, הפרוזה המחורזת היתה שולטת בכמה מיצירותיהם של הסופרים היהודים, למשל: ארטר בספרו ''הצופה לבית ישראל''. ובתקופה החדשה היתה כמה יצירות שנכתבו בפרוזה המחורזת: ביאליק כתב ''אלוף בצלות ואלוף שם''.
יהודה הורוויץ, הרופא והסופר היהודי יליד העיר וילנה שבליטא, ולמד רפואה בפדופה שבאיטליה, בבואו לברלין נתוודע למשה מנדלסון, שאף כתב לו דברי שבח ועידוד לספרו ''עמודי בית יהודה'', שפורסם באמשטרדם בשנת 1765. לימים שימש כרופא בעירו וילנה, משם עבר לעיר ז'אגור, ימים רבים ישב במיטוי, בירת קורלנד, ובסוף ימיו בעיר גרודנו שבליטא, שם אף נפטר בשנת 1797.
ב''מגילת סדרים'' העביר הורוויץ רעיונותיו שמסתובבות על המאבק שבין החסידים לבין מתנגדיהם דרך הפרוזה המחורזת, שהיתה אמצע פשוט ונעים להצגת הרעיונות האלה לקורא, ולשכנע אותו.
العدم ومساوقة الوجود في فلسفة ابن رشد
Authors: سامي محمد ابراهيم ا.م.د. 
Published: July 2022

لا يقتصر هذا المبحث على حدود طبيعة العدم ومساوقته للوجود في فلسفة ابن رشد، بل يبحث عن العناصر المشتركة بين لواحق الوجود واسبابه وذلك لتأكيد وحدتها وغايتها في دائرة الخلق والعالم. كذلك سأتناول فيه مسألة الكمون والخلق وعلاقتها بمبدأ صيرورة العدم وملازمة الوجود، فأبن رشد يركز تركيزا خاصا على هذا الجانب، ثم يحاول بعد ذلك أن يبين اصالة الوجود من خلال كمون قصدية العدم ووجوبه في دائرة السببية الكونية. واذا كان ابن رشد قد بين تفسير تحولات المادة والصورة، فانه اضاف المبدأ الثالث الذي سيحقق التوازن والانسجام والمساوقة بين الخلق والكمون.
واذا كان ارسطو يقدم فكرة العدم على أساس انه لا يوجد شيء من لا شيء، لا يوجد عدم مطلق اسمه اللاوجود، فأننا سنجد هذا الأساس، قد توسع فيه ابن رشد. فحاول ان يثبت ضرورة العدم كمبدأ مساوق للوجود وصيرورة الكمون الازلية. خاصة انه قد أضاف جديدا في هذا المجال، هذه الاضافة كانت محاولة منه لتأكيد الخلق والوجود من خلال فكرة العدم، ذلك ان حقيقة الخلق وطريقة معرفتها تستلزم دراسة العدم كمبدأ مهم واساسي يفيد القوة والتأسيس لألية فهم اسباب الوجود، بمعنى اننا سنرى تفسيرا لأغلب جوانب تكون الاجسام واللواحق والاشياء عن طريق مبدا العدم. لذلك شكلت صور العدم عنده طرح جدير بالبحث، فقد أثارت نقاشا واسعا بين الفلاسفة والمفكرين، الأمر الذي يعكس الأهمية البالغة التي احتلها هذا الموضوع. لذلك نهدف في هذا البحث تقديم الية فهم الصور التي يرتسم بها العدم وهو يساوق الوجود ويحاوره وفقا لمبدئية التكامل الكوني وتحقيق الكينونة التي فسرها ابن رشد .
وتكمن أهمية هذا البحث في محاولة تسليط الضوء على حجية العدم بصورها الممكنة المتلونة بالوان الوجود المتحقق بالفعل، والتي تعبر عن اصالة ابن رشد في طرح قضايا الفلسفة واشكلات الوجود.
Zeolite Oil Palm Compost-Based Organomineral Fertilizer for Shallot Agronomic Performances and N Substitution
Authors: Bahari Muhammad Tegar Putra , Marwanto Marwanto , Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi , Handajaningsih Merakati 
Published: July 2022

Application of organomineral fertilizer (OMF), which is the product of the inclusion of zeolite and palm oil compost in urea needs to be studied to determine its appropriate dose for the growth and yield of shallots and N substitution. This pot experiment was conducted from October to December 2020 at the Teaching and Research Field of Agriculture Faculty and consisted of five treatments arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were (1) 1.0 g urea, (2) 0.5 g urea + 1.15 g OMF, (3) 0.5 g urea + 2.30 g OMF, (4) 0.5 g urea + 3.45 g OMF, and (5) 0.5 g urea + 4.60 g OMF. The results showed that combined application of 0.5 g urea + 4.60 g OMF produced the highest values of plant height (30.60 cm), number of leaves (30.90), fresh weight of tubers per clump (30.90 g), dry tuber weight per clump (24.3 g), and tuber diameter (16.25 mm). The incorporation of zeolite and palm oil compost in urea reduced the application rate of urea up to 50% without reducing the growth and yield of shallot. Thus, N fertilizer use can be enhanced if urea is co-applied with zeolite and palm oil compost.
Mini-open lateral retropleural thoracic discectomy approach
Authors: Uribe Juan S. , Katsevman Gennadiy A. , Morgan Clinton D. , Paisan Gabriella M. , Snyder Laura A. 
Published: July 2022

The lateral retropleural approach provides an eloquent, mini-open, safe corridor to address various pathologies in the thoracolumbar spine, including herniated thoracic discs. Traditional approaches (e.g., transpedicular, costotransversectomy, or transthoracic) have their own benefits and pitfalls but are generally associated with significant morbidity and often require instrumentation. In this video, the authors highlight the retropleural approach and its nuances, including patient positioning, surgical planning, relevant anatomy, surgical technique, and postoperative care.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.3.FOCVID2217
MIS lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach allows gross total resection of a giant L4 schwannoma
Authors: Ramos-Fresnedo Andres , Perez-Vega Carlos , Ravindran Krishnan , Fox W. Christopher 
Published: July 2022

In this surgical video, the authors present a successful minimally invasive (MIS) lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach for resection of an L4 nerve root schwannoma. They describe the surgical approach in detail, with special emphasis on patient positioning for an orthogonal view, as well as technical nuances throughout the procedure. Using a sequential tubular retractor, they performed a microscopic dissection of the lesion. The tumor was debulked and the tumor capsule was disconnected from the surrounding tissue. During dissection, direct stimulation identified a functional nerve root that was carefully dissected from the tumor capsule. The tumor was then removed en bloc.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.3.FOCVID2220
Long-term outcomes of Spetzler-Martin grade IV and V arteriovenous malformations: a single-center experience
Authors: Li Nan , Yan Debin , Li Zhipeng , Chen Yu , Ma Li , Li Ruinan , Han Heze , Meng Xiangyu , Jin Hengwei , Zhao Yang , Chen Xiaolin , Wang Hao , Zhao Yuanli 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore whether intervention can benefit Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade IV–V arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

METHODS
Eighty-two patients with SM grade IV–V AVMs were retrospectively reviewed from 2015 to 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: those who received conservative management (22 cases [26.8%]) and intervention (60 cases [73.2%], including 21 cases of microsurgery, 19 embolization, and 20 hybrid surgery). Neurofunctional outcomes were assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The primary outcome was long-term neurofunctional status, and the secondary outcomes were short-term neurofunctional status, long-term obliteration rate, seizure control, and risk of subsequent hemorrhage.

RESULTS
Regarding the primary outcome, after an average of 4.7 years of clinical follow-up, long-term neurofunctional outcomes were similar after conservative management or intervention (absolute difference −0.4 [95% CI −1.5 to 0.7], OR 0.709 [95% CI 0.461–1.090], p = 0.106), whereas intervention had an advantage over conservative management for avoidance of severe disability (defined as mRS score > 3) (1.7% vs 18.2%, absolute difference 16.5% [95% CI −23.6% to 56.6%], OR 0.076 [95% CI 0.008–0.727], p = 0.025). Regarding the secondary outcomes, intervention was conducive to better seizure control (Engel class I–II) (70.0% vs 0.0%, absolute difference 70.0% [95% CI 8.6%–131.4%], p = 0.010) and avoidance of subsequent hemorrhage (1.4% vs 6.0%, absolute difference 4.6% [95% CI −0.4% to 9.6%], p = 0.030). In the subgroup analysis based on different intervention modalities, microsurgery and hybrid surgery achieved higher complete obliteration rates than embolization (p < 0.001), and hybrid surgery resulted in significantly less intraoperative blood loss than microsurgery (p = 0.041).

CONCLUSIONS
Intervention is reasonable for properly indicated SM grade IV–V AVMs because it provides satisfactory seizure control with decreased risks of severe disability and subsequent hemorrhage than conservative management.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT04572568 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Operative considerations and surgical treatment of sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations: a 20-year experience
Authors: Nathal Edgar , Serrano-Rubio Alejandro , Monroy-Sosa Alejandro , Gutiérrez-Ávila Oscar , Vázquez-Gregorio Rafael , Degollado-García Javier , Lee Ángel 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
Sylvian fissure (SF) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are among the most challenging vascular lesions amenable to neurosurgical treatment and account for 10% of all locations. As radiosurgery and endovascular techniques are increasingly involved in multimodal management protocols, the role of microsurgery needs to be reassessed as a stand-alone technique. The aim of this study was to show that total excision can be achieved with reasonable levels of morbidity and mortality in a real-world setting from a specialized high-volume center.

METHODS
Forty-three patients with SF AVMs were identified from a series of 577 AVM patients treated microsurgically over a 22-year period. The mean patient age was 33.07 years (range 15–60 years), and there were 22 male and 21 female patients. The mode of presentation was headache in 51.2%, hemorrhage in 34.9%, seizures in 30.2%, and steal phenomenon in 9.3%. The authors analyzed the anatomical basis and angiographic characteristics of such lesions.

RESULTS
In the preoperative period, 83.7% of the patients had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2, and 16.3% had an mRS score of 3–5. After a 12-month follow-up, 95.3% of patients had an mRS score of 0–2, and 4.7% had a score of 3–6. The difference between pre- and postoperative scores was not statistically significant. SF AVMs have several particular features: 1) They produce angiographic steal of the anterior cerebral artery. 2) The nidus is fed by only one of the main trunks of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). 3) Participation of deep perforators is uncommon. 4) They have two or more early draining veins showing their fistulous nature. 5) Preoperative embolization and radiosurgery have a low rate of permanent cure.

CONCLUSIONS
These AVMs represent a surgical challenge due to their proximity to critical structures such as the MCA, insula, internal capsule, and speech and memory functions in the dominant hemisphere. Essential key points are the wide opening of the SF and proper differentiation between feeders and normal vessels. Although this location can seem daunting, SF AVMs carry no additional surgical risk if adequately managed.
Hemodynamic changes during the obliteration process for cerebral arteriovenous malformations after radiosurgery
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiro , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Kin Taichi , Shinya Yuki , Kawashima Mariko , Furuta Yasuyuki , Suzuki Yuichi , Sekine Tetsuro , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE
The process of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) obliteration following radiosurgery is poorly understood. Authors of this retrospective study aimed to assess the changes in AVM hemodynamics after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) by using 3D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to elucidate the process of AVM obliteration.

METHODS
Twenty-four patients with AVMs treated with SRS between July 2015 and December 2017 were included in this study and classified into two groups depending on the duration of AVM obliteration: group A, obliteration within 3 years (n = 15); and group B, obliteration taking more than 3 years or no obliteration (n = 9). Blood flow (ml/min) in the largest feeding artery was measured before and after SRS by using time-averaged 3D flow MRI. The decreasing rate of blood flow in the feeding artery after SRS was calculated as the percent change from baseline blood flow. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the decreasing blood flow rate between the two groups at 4 and 12 months after SRS.

RESULTS
For the entire cohort, the mean decrease in blood flow in the feeding artery from baseline was 29% at 4 months and 71% at 12 months after SRS. In general, blood flow after SRS decreased faster in group A and slower in group B. The decreasing rates in blood flow at 4 and 12 months after SRS were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.02 and < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Tracking changes in AVM hemodynamics after SRS may be useful for assessing the progress of AVM obliteration and the therapeutic effects of SRS, possibly contributing to the prediction of subsequent obliteration outcome.
β-catenin plus PROX1 immunostaining stratifies disease progression and patient survival in neoadjuvant-treated pancreatic cancer
Authors: Eurola Annika , Ristimäki Ari , Mustonen Harri , Nurmi Anna-Maria , Hagström Jaana , Kallio Pauliina , Alitalo Kari , Haglund Caj , Seppänen Hanna 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the transcription factor PROX1. The role of β-catenin and PROX1 in pancreatic cancer is ambiguous, as some studies have associated their expression with tumor regression and some with tumor progression. OBJECTIVE: We have investigated their expression in surgically treated pancreatic cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), and patients treated upfront with surgery (US). We furthermore compared the expression of β-catenin and PROX1 between patients who had a good or poor response to NAT. METHODS: We evaluated β-catenin and PROX1 expression through immunohistochemistry in 88 neoadjuvant and 144 upfront surgery patients by scoring the intensity of the immunopositivity as 0–3, corresponding to negative, weak, moderate, or strong. We developed a six-tier grading scheme for the neoadjuvant responses by analyzing the remaining tumor cells in surgical specimen histological sections. RESULTS: Strong β-catenin immunopositivity associated with improved survival in the patients with good NAT-response (≤10% residual tumor cells) (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.26 95%, confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.88 p = 0.030). Additionally, the combined moderate β-catenin and PROX1 expression associated with improved survival (HR 0.20 95% CI 0.05–0–76 p = 0.018) among the good responders. Among the patients with a poor NAT-response (> 10% residual tumor cells), both strong β-catenin immunopositivity and strong combined β-catenin and PROX1 associated with shorter survival (HR 2.03 95% CI 1.16–3.55 p = 0.013, and HR 3.1 95% CI 1.08–8.94 p = 0.03, respectively). PROX1 alone was not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Strong β-catenin immunopositivity and combined strong or moderate β-catenin and PROX1 immunopositivity associated with improved survival among the good NAT-responders and worse survival among the poor NAT-responders.
Adverse Effect of Diclofenac Exposure during Pregnancy on Mother and Fetus; A Systematic Review
Authors: Beyene Handiso Tilahun , Balcha Bachore Bahailu , Nuriye Hagisso Shemsu , Selamu Jifar Markos 
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION

Since 1974, diclofenac has been used to treat the pain and swelling associated with rheumatic illnesses as a non-steroid anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID). It is one among the world's most extensively used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines have been shown to cause embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in experimental animals in a few studies, however there is no strong evidence of this impact in people.

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic assessment of the effects of diclofenac exposure on the mother and fetus during pregnancy.

METHODS

This study included all experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational research that were published in the English language and published up to the date of the review. PROSPERO (The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) ID=CRD42019135608 was used to register the protocol. This study employed a three-step search technique. PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, cinihal, Google, several university repositories, and Google scholar were among the databases searched. The titles and abstracts were then examined by two independent reviewers to see if they met the review's inclusion criteria. At the study level, two independent reviewers critically assessed eligible studies. The review's methodological quality was assessed at the result level using standardized critical assessment instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for observational studies. Specific details about the demographics, study procedures, interventions, and outcomes of significance to the review purpose are included in the data retrieved from the studies. Due to the conclusion and type of the data, statistical pooling was not viable. As a result, the results were presented in a narrative format.

RESULTS

A total of 1,490,679 participants were found in three relevant papers (two cohorts and nested case-control studies). Diclofenac exposure during pregnancy raises the chance of low birth weight in the fetus, as well as the risk of spontaneous abortion and vaginal bleeding in the mother.

CONCLUSIONS

Diclofenac exposure during pregnancy has negative consequences on the fetus and the mother. As a result, taking Diclofenac during pregnancy may have negative consequences for both the mother and the fetus, and more primary Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) are needed.
Microsurgical Repair of Severed Thoracic Spinal Cord and Clinical Outcome: Technical Case Report
Authors: Kaliaperumal Chandrasekaran 
Published: July 2022

This report describes a case of successful repair of severed thoracic spine in a young man who presented with a penetrating stab injury to spine resulting in Brown-Séquard syndrome. Surgical technique and post-operative management is discussed. A 34-year-old fit and well healthy man was admitted with a history of stab injury to the thoracic spine at thoracic T2/3 level with ASIA impairment score (AIS) score D with an incomplete spinal cord affecting his left lower limb with complete paralysis and right lower limb paresis with impaired sensation below T6 level to L5. Neuroimaging confirmed a penetrating knife injury traversing the T2/3 level causing hemi-section of the spinal cord confirmed intraoperatively. He underwent an urgent exploratory surgery of his spine and a T2/3 laminectomy was performed to aid removal of the knife. The dura was noted to be contused and severed spinal cord was noted to be severed with associated cord oedema. A microsurgical repair of the severed cord was performed with duroplasty followed by intense neuro-rehabilitation. On a three month follow up his AIS score is E with lower limb power is 5/5 bilaterally and he is able to mobilise independently up to 8-10 steps without any supportive aid and with crutches he is independently functional and mobile. This is the first documented case of microsurgical repair of severed thoracic spinal cord secondary to traumatic knife injury. In the management of such scenario, apart from the removal of foreign body, repair of the cord with duroplasty should be carefully considered. The role of spinal neuroplasticity in healing following timely repair of the spinal cord along with intense rehabilitation remains the key. This had resulted in a good clinical and functional outcome with in a 12 month period.
Binary Mixtures of Imidazolium-Based Protic Ionic Liquids. Extended Temperature Range of the Liquid State Keeping High Ionic Conductivities
Authors: Abdurrokhman Iqbaal , Martinelli Anna 
Published: July 2022

Binary mixtures based on the two protic ionic liquids 1-ethylimidazolium triflate ([C2HIm][TfO]) and 1-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C2HIm][TFSI]) have been investigated, with focus on phase behavior, ionic conductivity, and intermolecular interactions as a function of composition (χTFSI indicating the mole fraction of the added compound). It is found that on addition of [C2HIm][TFSI] to [C2HIm][TfO], the melting temperature is first decreased (0 <χ≤ 0.3) and then suppressed (0.3 <χ≤ 0.8) resulting in mixtures with no phase transitions. These mixtures display a wide temperature range of the liquid state and should be interesting for use in devices operating at extreme temperatures. The ionic conductivity does not vary significantly across the composition range analyzed, as evidenced in the comparative Arrhenius plot. The activation energy, Ea, estimated by fitting with the Arrhenius relation in a limited temperature range (between 60 and 140 °C) varies marginally and keeps values between 0.17 and 0.21 eV. These marginal differences can be rationalized by the initially very similar values of the two neat protic ionic liquids. Vibrational spectroscopy, including both Raman and infrared spectroscopies, reveals weakening of the cation–anion interactions for increasing content of [C2HIm][TFSI], which is reflected by the blue shift of the average N-H stretching mode and the red shift of the S-O stretching mode in the TfO anion. These trends correlate with the higher disorder in the mixtures observed by DSC and are evidenced by the decrease and suppression of the melting temperature as the amount of [C2HIm][TFSI] is increased.