bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for a real-world evaluation of an integrated child and family health hub for migrant and refugee women
Authors: Hodgins Michael , Ostojic Katarina , Hu Nan , Lawson K D , Samir Nora , Webster Amanda , Rogers Helen , Henry Amanda , Murphy Elisabeth , Lingam Raghu , Raman Shanti , Mendoza Diaz Antonio , Dadich Ann , Eapen Valsamma , Rimes Tania , Woolfenden Susan 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionContinuity of child and family healthcare is vital for optimal child health and development for developmentally vulnerable children. Migrant and refugee communities are often at-risk of poor health outcomes, facing barriers to health service attendance including cultural, language, limited health literacy, discrimination and unmet psychosocial needs. ‘Integrated health-social care hubs’ are physical hubs where health and social services are co-located, with shared referral pathways and care navigation.AimOur study will evaluate the impact, implementation and cost-benefit of the First 2000 Days Care Connect (FDCC) integrated hub model for pregnant migrant and refugee women and their infants.Materials and methodsThis study has three components. Component 1 is a non-randomised controlled trial to compare the FDCC model of care with usual care. This trial will allocate eligible women to intervention and control groups based on their proximity to the Hub sites. Outcome measures include: the proportion of children attending child and family health (CFH) nurse services and completing their CFH checks to 12 months of age; improved surveillance of growth and development in children up to 12 months, post partum; improved breastfeeding rates; reduced emergency department presentations; and improved maternal well-being. These will be measured using linked medical record data and surveys. Component 2 will involve a mixed-method implementation evaluation to clarify how and why FDCC was implemented within the sites to inform future roll-out. Component 3 is a within-trial economic evaluation from a healthcare perspective to assess the cost-effectiveness of the Hubs relative to usual care and the implementation costs if Hubs were scaled and replicated.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee in July 2021 (Project ID: 020/ETH03295). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001088831.
Associations between social fragmentation, socioeconomic deprivation and suicide risk across 1887 municipalities in Japan, 2009–2017: a spatial analysis using the Bayesian hierarchical model
Authors: Yoshioka Eiji , Hanley Sharon , Sato Yukihiro , Saijo Yasuaki 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivePrevious studies have indicated that spatial variation in suicide mortality is associated with area-specific socioeconomic characteristics, such as socioeconomic deprivation and social fragmentation. However, most of these studies have been conducted in the West and findings from Asian countries are limited. This study aims to investigate associations between socioeconomic characteristics and suicide mortality rates across 1887 municipalities in Japan between 2009 and 2017. We also assessed these associations by gender and age group.MethodsSuicide data were obtained from the suicide statistics of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan and included information on the number of suicides by gender, age and municipality location. Social fragmentation, socioeconomic deprivation and urbanicity were used as socioeconomic characteristics in this study and were created from survey data obtained from the 2010 census. Bayesian hierarchical models were used to examine associations between socioeconomic characteristics and suicide risk.ResultsSuicide rates were significantly higher in municipalities with higher levels of deprivation, with a rate ratio of 1.13 (95% credible interval: 1.10 to 1.17) in the highest quartile compared with the lowest. Higher levels of urbanicity had significantly lower suicide rates, with a rate ratio of 0.79 (95% credible interval: 0.77 to 0.82) in the highest quartile compared with the lowest. However, associations between exposures and suicide varied considerably by gender and age. Among both men and women aged 0–39 years, fragmentation was significantly associated with suicide, with rate ratios of 1.07 and 1.15 for men and women, respectively, in the highest quartile compared with the lowest.ConclusionSuicide prevention in Japan should particularly focus on areas with high levels of deprivation or low levels of urbanicity. Furthermore, young Japanese people residing in the most fragmented municipalities were also at high risk of suicide, and appropriate measures need to be taken.
Increasing test specificity without impairing sensitivity: lessons learned from SARS-CoV-2 serology
Authors: Perkmann Thomas , Koller Thomas , Perkmann-Nagele Nicole , Ozsvar-Kozma Maria , Eyre David , Matthews Philippa , Bown Abbie , Stoesser Nicole , Breyer Marie-Kathrin , Breyer-Kohansal Robab , Burghuber Otto C , Hartl Slyvia , Aletaha Daniel , Sieghart Daniela , Quehenberger Peter , Marculescu Rodrig , Mucher Patrick , Radakovics Astrid , Klausberger Miriam , Duerkop Mark , Holzer Barba , Hartmann Boris , Strassl Robert , Leitner Gerda , Grebien Florian , Gerner Wilhelm , Grabherr Reingard , Wagner Oswald F , Binder Christoph J , Haslacher Helmuth 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundSerological tests are widely used in various medical disciplines for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Unfortunately, the sensitivity and specificity of test systems are often poor, leaving room for false-positive and false-negative results. However, conventional methods were used to increase specificity and decrease sensitivity and vice versa. Using SARS-CoV-2 serology as an example, we propose here a novel testing strategy: the ‘sensitivity improved two-test’ or ‘SIT²’ algorithm.MethodsSIT² involves confirmatory retesting of samples with results falling in a predefined retesting zone of an initial screening test, with adjusted cut-offs to increase sensitivity. We verified and compared the performance of SIT² to single tests and orthogonal testing (OTA) in an Austrian cohort (1117 negative, 64 post-COVID-positive samples) and validated the algorithm in an independent British cohort (976 negatives and 536 positives).ResultsThe specificity of SIT² was superior to single tests and non-inferior to OTA. The sensitivity was maintained or even improved using SIT² when compared with single tests or OTA. SIT² allowed correct identification of infected individuals even when a live virus neutralisation assay could not detect antibodies. Compared with single testing or OTA, SIT² significantly reduced total test errors to 0.46% (0.24–0.65) or 1.60% (0.94–2.38) at both 5% or 20% seroprevalence.ConclusionFor SARS-CoV-2 serology, SIT² proved to be the best diagnostic choice at both 5% and 20% seroprevalence in all tested scenarios. It is an easy to apply algorithm and can potentially be helpful for the serology of other infectious diseases.
Chinese (Mandarin) translation of the incremental shuttle walk test and its validity and reliability: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ang Wei Qin , Tan Hong Ting , Goh Si Min , Seng Samantha W. , Huang Katherin S. , Chan Melissa Y. , Yeung Meredith T. 
Published: August 2022

Background/Purpose: To date, there are no published validated Chinese versions of the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) instructions despite its wide clinical applications. Translation of the Chinese ISWT instruction is done in an ad-hoc manner within the Chinese-speaking populations, affecting the test’s reliability and validity since translation can differ significantly between individuals. This warrants the need for psychometric testing of such translation. Objectives: To develop a Chinese (Mandarin) version of the ISWT instructions (ISWT-CHN) that is conceptually equivalent to the original English version (ISWT-ENG) and establish its reliability and validity. Methods: Forward and backward translations from the ISWT-ENG were done to generate the ISWT-CHN. Face and content validity was determined during the translation process. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the ISWT-CHN, construct and criterion validity were established by analysing the ISWT and the gold standard cardiopulmonary exercise test results. Results: The Item-Content validity index (I-CVI), Scale-level-Content validity index (S-CVI), and content validity ratio (CVR) of the ISWT-CHN were 1.0. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for inter-rater reliability between two raters were excellent ([Formula: see text], 95% CI 0.97–1.0, [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m). The intra-rater reliability of both Raters A ([Formula: see text], 95% CI 0.53–0.98, [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m) and B ([Formula: see text], 95% CI 0.76–0.96, [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m) were good. In a sample of 32 healthy participants, both ISWT-CHN and ISWT-ENG instruction results showed low-positive correlations with the VO[Formula: see text] determined from the cardiopulmonary exercise test ([Formula: see text] = 0.439, [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). There is a very high correlation between ISWT-ENG and ISWT-CHN results with no statistically significant differences ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The construct and criterion validity of the ISWT-CHN were established. Conclusion: This study developed the ISWT-CHN and showed that it is a valid and reliable measure conceptually comparable to the ISWT-ENG. It will benefit the determination of functional exercise capacity in Chinese-speaking populations. Key messages • This study is aimed to develop a Chinese (Mandarin) version of the ISWT instructions. • The ISWT Chinese translation is valid and reliable that is conceptually comparable to the original English instruction. • The translated ISWT-Chinese instruction will enable the use of ISWT among the Chinese-speaking populations.
Microbiome Associated with Slovak Raw Goat Milk, Trace Minerals, and Vitamin E Content
Authors: Lauková Andrea , Micenková Lenka , Grešáková Ľubomíra , Maďarová Michaela , Simonová Monika Pogány , Focková Valentína , Ščerbová Jana 
Published: August 2022

In Slovakia, goat milk production for direct consumption and cheese processing has attracted growing interest. However, there is a lack of information regarding the microbial consortium in Slovak raw goat milk analyzed by next-generation sequencing and trace elements and vitamin E as well. A randomly selected samples (G24-G50) of raw goat milk from different animals at farms in Slovakia were analyzed. The phylum Actinobacteria dominated (62.8%), followed by the phyla Firmicutes (20.5%), Proteobacteria (7.4%), and Bacteroidetes (6.4%). The family Microbacteriaceae was detected in the highest percentage (60.2%) followed by Staphylococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and others. Regarding the genera, the most prevalent was genus Curtobacterium (47.4%) followed by the genera such as Staphylococcus (8.3%) and Bifidobacterium (4%). The genera Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and Lacticaseibacillus were evaluated in abundance percentage in range 1%-3.2%. The genus Veillonella reached abundance 3.2%. The genera Enterobacter, Pseudomonas (1.3% and 0.5%), and Bacteroides (6.4%) were evaluated in small percentage abundance too. Zinc was detected with the highest mean value (

2.561
±
0.6823

mg/L) in raw goat milk, followed by iron (

1.383
±
0.5087

mg/L). The mean value of copper and manganese was

0.1746
±
0.0463

mg/L and

0.051
±
0.0238

mg/L. The vitamin E reached the mean value

0.3783
±
0.1976

mg/L. This study is an original contribution showing microbial consortium in raw goat milk from Slovak farms. It also contributes to trace elements and vitamin E status in raw goat milk showing it as a nutritionally healthy food.
Therapeutic Targeting of Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells in Breast Cancer
Authors: Fattori Stephane , Roux Hugo , Connen Emilie , Robert Lucie , Gorvel Laurent , Le Roy Aude , Houacine Jemila , Foussat Arnaud , Chretien Anne-Sophie , Olive Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) are an immunosuppressive subtype of CD4+ T cells essential for maintaining self-tolerance in physiological settings. Tregs also abundantly infiltrate inflamed tumor tissues, impeding the host's antitumor immune response and contributing to tumor growth and metastasis. In breast cancers, subsets of Tregs express highly immunosuppressive effector phenotypes that favor tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapies. Tregs share phenotypic features with cytotoxic lymphocytes, rendering them difficult to inhibit without compromising productive antitumor immunity. In addition, systemic targeting of Tregs causes serious autoimmune adverse events in patients with cancer. Hence, the identification of candidate targets or methodologies allowing the specific elimination of tumor antigen-specific Tregs, including tumor-infiltrating Tregs, is a prerequisite for developing efficient and safe combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies in breast cancers. To date, numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated that specific targeting of breast tumor–infiltrating Tregs restores a competent antitumor immune response and improves responses to immune-checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Herein, we discuss major candidate molecules for Treg-targeted therapeutic strategies in breast cancers, detailing the pros and cons of various approaches, including mAb-mediated depletion, homeostasis destabilization, and functional blockade.
Phylogeny of the Neotropical wood degrading beetles (Scarabaeoidea: Passalidae) of the tribe Passalini, inferred from molecular and morphological data
Authors: Jiménez-Ferbans Larry , Beza-Beza Cristian , Marshall Christopher J. , Reyes-Castillo Pedro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Passalini comprises 209 species divided into six genera. To date there is no published work that addresses the phylogenetic relationships among the genera of Passalini. Additionally, the monophyly of Passalus, the largest genus of the tribe (81% of its species) is contested. We performed a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data and partial sequence of the 16S ribosomal subunit, to elucidate the relationships among the genera of Passalini, and test their monophyly. Of the genera for which we tested their monophyly, Passalus was the only genus found to be non-monophyletic, the same occurred for the subgenera Passalus (Passalus) and Passalus (Pertinax). The results indicated the subgenus Pertinax is divided into at least four distinct lineages, one of them corresponding to Rodocanthopus; thus, we propose the revalidation of Rhodocanthopus Kaup, 1869.
Latin and Romance Influence on the Basque Verbal Morphosyntax
Authors: Martínez-Areta Mikel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Basque is the only non-Indo-European language in western Europe. This fact, and particularly its ergative alignment, make its morphosyntactic structure and its verb different from those of Standard Average European. However, the massive and prolonged influence which Basque has received first from Latin and later from Romance has conditioned the layout of the analytic vps (the open type) in a very curious way. Since Basque synthetic verbs have a template of the type S-vb.root for intransitives and O-vb.root-A for transitives, as opposed to vb.root-A/S for any kind of verb in sae, lexical borrowing of verbs from Latin was impossible. A solution arose when the old periphrastic resultative perfect was grammaticalized in Late Latin as the primary expression of the perfect. This form distinguished intransitive and transitive verbs, so it served as an entry point for Latin and Romance verbal lexicon into Basque, by means of autochthonous auxiliaries.
Dissociable Roles of Theta and Alpha in Sub-Second and Supra-Second Time Reproduction: An Investigation of their Links to Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Liang Mingli , Lomayesva Sara , Isham Eve A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A growing collection of observations has demonstrated the presence of multiple neural oscillations participating in human temporal cognition and psychiatric pathologies such as depression and anxiety. However, there remains a gap in the literature regarding the specific roles of these neural oscillations during interval timing, and how these oscillatory activities might vary with the different levels of mental health. The current study examined the participation of the frontal midline theta and occipital alpha oscillations, both of which are prevalent cortical oscillatory markers frequently reported in working memory and time perception paradigms. Participants performed a time reproduction task in the sub- (400, 600, 800 ms) and supra-second timescales (1600, 1800, 2000 ms) while undergoing scalp EEG recordings. Anxiety and depression levels were measured via self-report mental health inventories. Time–frequency analysis of scalp EEG revealed that both frontal midline and occipital alpha oscillations were engaged during the encoding of the durations. Furthermore, we observed that the correlational relationship between frontal midline theta power and the reproduction performance in the sub-second range was modulated by state anxiety. In contrast, the correlational relationship between occipital alpha and the reproduction performance of supra-second intervals was modulated by depression and trait anxiety. The results offer insights on how alpha and theta oscillations differentially play a role in interval timing and how mental health further differentially relates these neural oscillations to sub- and supra-second timescales.
Home Away From Home: Mentorship and Research in Private Practices for Students Without Home Programs
Authors: Ramirez Arianna Victoria , Espinoza Victor , Ojeaga Macaulay , Garza Alexis , Hensler Blake , Honrubia Vincent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs the competitiveness of matching to an otolaryngology residency continues to climb, students are encouraged to seek mentorship and research within their home institution. This notion, however, does not account for students without a home otolaryngology program or department. Here, we present a research model where medical students conduct clinical research and gain experience and mentorship within a local otolaryngology private practice. Over the span of 6 years, rotating students produced an average of 3 research projects per year. Fourth‐year medical students within the practice had an average of 20.5 publications, exceeding the 2020 National Residency Match Program's metrics for matched otolaryngology applicants. Private practices may provide research and mentorship for students with limited resources. Similarly, physicians who oversee such students may gain added help to conduct research within their practice. This symbiotic relationship may serve in advancing evidence‐based clinical practice while amplifying the diverse voices of students otherwise seldom heard.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: The Big Picture
Authors: Haugen Thorsen , Pai Kavya , Desiato Vincent , Lesh Randy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfforts are being made to achieve equitable health care for all, in addition to providing equal opportunity for those working within the health care system. Many challenges, however, still need to be overcome as research increasingly brings to light new areas of concern. In this commentary, we highlight recently published findings within the field of otolaryngology in the United States. These findings are then discussed within the context of global health care disparities to emphasize the importance of equitable health care on a global scale.
Gamification of graduate medical education in an emergency medicine residency program
Authors: Gue Shayne , Ray Joseph , Ganti Latha 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Our program implemented East EMWars, a year-long, longitudinal game that added competition to our existing curricular content. We surveyed residents to investigate the impact of gamification in emergency medicine residency training. We hypothesized that residents would report higher levels of motivation, engagement, and challenge with gamification compared to traditional didactics. Furthermore, we hypothesized that residents would exhibit generally positive perceptions about gamification as a learning tool and that it would translate to improved performance on the annual in-training examination.

Methods
This was a single-center, prospective pre- and post-intervention survey study at a community-based emergency medicine residency program. Given the multiplicity of research questions and inherent nature of educational research, a mixed methods approach was utilized. We utilized nonparametric testing for quantitative data with paired responses pre- and post-intervention. We solicited comments on the post-intervention that were categorized under thematic approach and presented in complete and unedited form in the results.

Results
Eighteen (100%) of eligible residents in our program participated in both surveys. There were statistically significant increases in reported levels of motivation, engagement, and challenge with gamification compared to traditional didactic methods. Residents also reported overwhelmingly positive general perceptions about gamification and its broader generalizability and applicability. We did not reach statistical significance in determining if in-training exam scores were associated with our gamification initiative.

Conclusions
This study was a first-of-its-kind look into a longitudinal game in an emergency medicine residency program. Although our results are encouraging, medical educators need further research to determine if this increase in motivation, engagement, and challenge will be associated with an increase in examination scores or, more importantly, healthcare outcomes. Theory-based, broader-scale, prospective studies are needed to further explore and help establish these associations and outcomes.
Modeling exercise using optogenetically contractible Drosophila larvae
Authors: Ghosh Arpan C. , Hu Yanhui , Tattikota Sudhir Gopal , Liu Yifang , Comjean Aram , Perrimon Norbert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe pathophysiological effects of a number of metabolic and age-related disorders can be prevented to some extent by exercise and increased physical activity. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of muscle activity remain poorly explored. Availability of a fast, inexpensive, and genetically tractable model system for muscle activity and exercise will allow the rapid identification and characterization of molecular mechanisms that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Here, we report the development and characterization of an optogenetically-inducible muscle contraction (OMC) model in Drosophila larvae that we used to study acute exercise-like physiological responses. To characterize muscle-specific transcriptional responses to acute exercise, we performed bulk mRNA-sequencing, revealing striking similarities between acute exercise-induced genes in flies and those previously identified in humans. Our larval muscle contraction model opens a path for rapid identification and characterization of exercise-induced factors.