bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and factors affecting approach choice to pulmonary resection
Authors: Mitzman Brian , Wang Xuechen , Haaland Ben , Varghese Thomas K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of an advanced robotic platform in 2014 led to increased adoption of minimally invasive (MI) approaches in thoracic surgery. Due to dataset reporting lag, a comprehensive assessment of trends in thoracic approaches has not been analyzed to date.MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for patients with Stage I–III who underwent lung resection from 2010 to 2018. Most published NCDB analyses on lung cancer using pre‐2015 data. Overall treatment trends were analyzed, with geographic, institutional, and socioeconomic characteristics evaluated for approach.ResultsThere were 162 335 lung resections, and 131 958 were anatomic. Robotic resection saw a steady increase through 2012 but plateaued in 2013–2014. From 2015 to 2018, another increase correlated with the release of a new platform. Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery lung resection plateaued in 2014 and decreased in 2018. Open resection steadily decreased. Tumors requiring neoadjuvant radiation had an increase in MI approach with corresponding decreases in the open. On multivariable analysis, African–American race, low volume, Medicaid insurance, and nonacademic setting were associated with a lower likelihood of MI surgery.ConclusionsThe open approach has decreased since 2010. More than 65% of anatomic resections are now performed in MI. As this trend will continue, it is important that all patients are afforded the opportunity of the least invasive approach.
Water chemistry variation in tropical high‐mountain lakes on old volcanic bedrocks
Authors: Mosquera Pablo V. , Hampel Henrietta , Vázquez Raúl F. , Catalan Jordi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater chemistry and its ecological implications have been extensively investigated in temperate high‐mountain lakes because of their role as sentinels of global change. However, few studies have considered the drivers of water chemistry in tropical mountain lakes underlain by volcanic bedrock. A survey of 165 páramo lakes in the Cajas Massif of the Southern Ecuador Andes identified 4 independent chemical variation gradients, primarily characterized by divalent cations (hardness), organic carbon, silica, and iron levels. Hardness and silica factors showed contrasting relationships with parent rock type and age, vegetation, aquatic ecosystems in the watershed, and lake and watershed size. Geochemical considerations suggest that divalent cations (and related alkalinity, conductivity, and pH) mainly respond to the cumulative partial dissolution of primary aluminosilicates distributed throughout the subsurface of watersheds, and silica and monovalent cations are associated with the congruent dissolution of large amounts of secondary aluminosilicates localized in former hydrothermal or tectonic spots. Dissolved organic carbon was much higher than in temperate high‐mountain lakes, causing extra acidity in water. The smaller the lakes and their watersheds, the higher the likelihood of elevated organic carbon and metals and low hardness. The watershed wetland cover favored metal levels in the lakes but not organic carbon. Phosphorus, positively, and nitrate, negatively, weakly correlated with the metal gradient, indicating common influence by in‐lake processes. Overall, the study revealed that relatively small tropical lake districts on volcanic basins can show chemical variation equivalent to that in large mountain ranges with a combination of plutonic, metamorphic, and carbonate rock areas.
Latest developments in designing advanced lubricants and greases for electric vehicles—An overview
Authors: Shah Raj , Gashi Blerim , Rosenkranz Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccording to the Environmental Protection Agency, transportation is the largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions (28% of total emissions). Electric vehicles have remarkably grown in popularity and represent a greener future for the automotive industry. This growth has prompted lubricant and grease technology to adapt to an entirely new environment, which is exposed to new factors including external electric currents/fields and extreme temperatures and pressures originating from electric motors and power electronics. Consequently, novel lubricants and greases need to be developed and explored to ultimately improve fuel efficiency and performance. Nano‐additives have offered exceptional opportunities to enhance electrical, thermal and tribological properties of the lubricants and greases used. It is thus vital to fully explore and understand the effects of nanoparticles' addition to lubricants and greases, as well as the mechanisms by which improvements are obtained. This perspective summarises the recent trends of developing lubricants and greases for electric vehicles.
Thermal desorption ambient ionization mass spectrometry for emergency toxicology
Authors: Su Hung , Huang Min‐Zong , Shiea Jentaie , Lee Chi‐Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the emergency department, it is important to rapidly identify the toxic substances that have led to acute poisoning because different toxicants or toxins cause poisoning through different mechanisms, requiring disparate therapeutic strategies and precautions against contraindicating actions, and diverse directions of clinical course monitoring and prediction of prognosis. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry, a state‐of‐the‐art technology, has been proved to be a fast, accurate, and user‐friendly tool for rapidly identifying toxicants like residual pesticides on fruits and vegetables. In view of this, developing an analytical platform that explores the application of such a cutting‐edge technology in a novel direction has been initiated a research program, namely, the rapid identification of toxic substances which might have caused acute poisoning in patients who visit the emergency department and requires an accurate diagnosis for correct clinical decision‐making to bring about corresponding data‐guided management. This review includes (i) a narrative account of the breakthrough in emergency toxicology brought about by the advent of ambient ionization mass spectrometry and (ii) a thorough discussion about the clinical implications and technical limitations of such a promising innovation for promoting toxicological tests from tier two‐level to tier one level.
A comparative study of the fecal microbiota of gray seal pups and yearlings ‐ a marine mammal sentinel species
Authors: Watkins Craig A. , Gaines Taylor , Strathdee Fiona , Baily Johanna L. , Watson Eleanor , Hall Ailsa J. , Free Andrew , Dagleish Mark P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGray seals (Halichoerus grypus) can act as sentinel species reflecting the condition of the environment they inhabit. Our previous research identified strains of pathogenic Campylobacter and Salmonella, originating from both human and agricultural animal hosts, on rectal swabs from live gray seal (H. grypus) pups and yearlings on the Isle of May, Scotland, UK. We examined rectal swabs from the same pup (n = 90) and yearling (n = 19) gray seals to gain further understanding into the effects of age‐related changes (pup vs. yearling) and three different natal terrestrial habitats on seal pup fecal microbiota. DNA was extracted from a subset of rectal swabs (pups n = 23, yearlings n = 9) using an optimized procedure, and the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced to identify each individual's microbiota. Diversity in pup samples was lower (3.92 ± 0.19) than yearlings (4.66 ± 0.39) although not significant at the p = 0.05 level (p = 0.062) but differences in the composition of the microbiota were (p < 0.001). Similarly, differences between the composition of the microbiota from pups from three different terrestrial habitats (Pilgrim's Haven [PH], Rona Rocks [RR], and Tarbet Slope [TS]) were highly significant (p < 0.001). Pairwise tests showed significant differences between all three habitats: PH versus TS (p = 0.019), PH versus RR (p = 0.042) and TS versus RR (p = 0.020). This preliminary study suggests a general trend, that seal microbiomes are modified by both age and, in pups, different terrestrial habitats. Furthermore, knowledge of the microbiota species present has the potential to be used in determining the environmental quality index.
A multivariant recall‐by‐genotype study of the metabolomic signature of BMI
Authors: Fang Si , Wade Kaitlin H. , Hughes David A. , Fitzgibbon Sophie , Yip Vikki , Timpson Nicholas J. , Corbin Laura J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study estimated the effect of BMI on circulating metabolites in young adults using a recall‐by‐genotype study design.MethodsA recall‐by‐genotype study was implemented in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Samples from 756 participants were selected for untargeted metabolomics analysis based on low versus high genetic liability for higher BMI defined by a genetic risk score (GRS). Regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between BMI GRS group and relative abundance of 973 metabolites.ResultsAfter correction for multiple testing, 29 metabolites were associated with BMI GRS group. Bilirubin was among the most strongly associated metabolites, with reduced levels measured in individuals in the high‐BMI GRS group (β = −0.32, 95% CI: −0.46 to −0.18, Benjamini‐Hochberg adjusted p = 0.005). This study observed associations between BMI GRS group and the levels of several potentially diet‐related metabolites, including hippurate, which had lower mean abundance in individuals in the high‐BMI GRS group (β = −0.29, 95% CI: −0.44 to −0.15, Benjamini‐Hochberg adjusted p = 0.008).ConclusionsTogether with existing literature, these results suggest that a genetic predisposition to higher BMI captures differences in metabolism leading to adiposity gain. In the absence of prospective data, separating these effects from the downstream consequences of weight gain is challenging.
‘Hey, tree. You are my friend’: Assessing multiple values of nature through letters to trees
Authors: Marquina Tatiana , Gould Rachelle K. , Murdoch Duncan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe values associated with nature are a central component of human–nature interactions, but their assessment remains a challenge.In this exploratory research, we examine the potential of a creative data collection method to elucidate the multiple values of nature. We invited visitors to a natural area to write letters to non‐human elements of the ecosystem (trees), then analysed the letters to determine whether they provide information about values.This project involves collaboration with the Intervale Center in Burlington, VT, U.S.A., a peri‐urban site with both forest and farmland.We received 45 letters from 25 letter writers. The majority of letter writers discussed relational values associated with trees or benefits from ecosystem services that trees provide to humans and non‐humans. Others asked questions about natural elements at the Intervale Center.We explored whether the letter writing method, which invites (although does not require) a more interpersonal approach to communicating with non‐humans, might facilitate the expression of relational values. Our findings support this assertion. We found that people expressed diverse relational values towards nature and asked many questions (mostly ecological) about the site and tree species. We encourage future work to consider data collection instruments that provide opportunities for diverse ways of conceiving of human–nature relationships (especially, as in this case, ways more conducive to personhood as not confined to humans).Benefits of this project include an unconventional framing of human–nature relationships (i.e. one that invites but does not require expanded notions of personhood), the open‐ended nature of the prompt, relatively low costs and flexibility in when and how participants respond. Drawbacks include convenience sampling (and low response rates) and poor accessibility to people who do not read English. We conclude that letter writing method has the potential to elicit data about multiple values of nature, as well as create an engaging experience for visitors of natural areas.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Environmental risks, life history strategy, and developmental psychology
Authors: Yang Anting , Zhu Nan , Lu Hui Jing , Chang Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, life history theory (LHT) has provided an important theoretical framework for understanding human individual differences and their developmental processes. The conceptual complexity and multidisciplinary connections involved in the LH research, however, might appear daunting to psychologists whose research might otherwise benefit from the LH perspective. The main purpose of this review, therefore, is to introduce the evolutionary biological backgrounds and basic principles of LHT as well as their applications in developmental psychology. This review is organized into five parts, starting with an overview of key concepts in LHT, which clarifies the relationship among LH strategy, LH‐related traits, and the fast–slow paradigm of LH variation. We proceed to review theoretical and empirical work related to four basic LH trade‐offs, summarized by an integrated descriptive model of LH trade‐offs that shape different LH strategies in humans. We then explain the effects of four aspects of environmental risks (morbidity‐mortality threats, competition, resource scarcity, and unpredictability) on human LH strategy. This is followed by a discussion of LH calibration models in evolutionary developmental psychology that explicates the environmentally sensitive developmental processes that contribute to variation and plasticity in LH‐related traits and ultimately human LH strategies. Finally, we highlight a few outstanding questions and future directions for LH research in psychology and conclude with why we think it is important that developmental psychology should embrace the LH approach.
Regulation of platform market access by the United States and China: Neo‐mercantilism in digital services
Authors: Mueller Milton L. , Farhat Karim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChina and the United States host the world's largest digital platforms. Platforms are multisided markets that facilitate value‐creating exchanges among users, such as social media, e‐commerce, software QJ;application downloads, search, email, and cloud services. Internet access and the purely digital nature of many of the products and services make digital platforms potentially global in scope. This means that the rules and restrictions governing the flow of capital and information services among national markets strongly influence the economic and social potential of digital platforms. The paper conducts a sequential analysis of the rise of barriers to the United States–China trade in ICT and digital platform markets from 2000 to 2021. We find that China's thriving platform economy was relatively open, competitive and market‐driven in its early stages, and benefited from U.S. capital and the entry of U.S. firms. Since 2009, both countries have progressively restricted access to each other's domestic information services markets. In both cases, the primary stated rationale involved national security claims rather than trade policy concerns. Drawing on International Political Economy theory, we label the United States–China interaction pattern digital neo‐mercantilism. Digital neo‐mercantilism fuses the power and security of the national state with economic development in the digital economy. Policymakers represent information flows and digital technologies in domestic policy discourse as critical to the security and relative power of the state, and pursue various forms of industrial policy, data localization, trade protectionism, or exclusion of foreigners as a result. Both the United States and China are following this policy.
New‐onset myasthenia gravis after novel coronavirus 2019 infection
Authors: Taheri Amirmasoud , Davoodi Lotfollah , Soleymani Eissa , Ahmadi Noushin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the years since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, numerous neurological manifestations have been reported following this novel virus. Myasthenia gravis is one of them. Here, we present the patient that was referred to us with myasthenia gravis symptoms after a COVID‐19 infection.
Are tri‐pronuclear embryos that show two normal‐sized pronuclei and additional smaller pronuclei useful for embryo transfer?
Authors: Takahashi Hiromi , Hirata Rei , Otsuki Junko , Habara Toshihiro , Hayashi Nobuyoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to analyze whether tripronuclear (3PN) zygotes, with two normal‐sized PNs and an additional smaller PN (2.1PN), can be used for embryo transfer.Method(s)A retrospective embryo cohort study was conducted on 695 patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment. Blastocyst formation rates were compared between 2.1PN and 2PN zygotes and PGT‐A analysis was performed on 15 blastocysts derived from 2.1PN zygotes.Result(s)Blastocyst formation rates were comparable between 2.1PN (43.8%) and 2PN zygotes (54.8%; p = 0.212). The rates of blastocysts with good morphology derived from 2.1 PN and 2PN zygotes were 18.8% and 25.5%, respectively. No significant differences were detected (p = 0.383). All of the analyzed blastocysts were diploid; however, 13 of these were found to be aneuploid, with a further two being mosaic.ConclusionOur results suggest that 2.1PN embryos can reach blastocyst stage. These blastocysts were diploid, however, predominantly aneuploid, and therefore could not be used for embryo transfer.
Quantized feedback control of linear system with performance barrier
Authors: Ma Ji , Lan Weiyao , Yu Xiao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the quantized control problem of the continuous‐time linear system with performance barrier. The performance of the system is specified by a continuous decaying function. Considering the state quantization in the feedback, a dynamic quantization scheme and a control law with limited bandwidth are developed, such that the closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable and the specified performance barrier is satisfied. Based on the theory of control barrier function (CBF), the analysis on the performance guarantee of the closed‐loop system under quantization is established. Furthermore, the minimal bandwidth for the quantized system with the performance barrier is explicitly given. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained result is illustrated by an example.
Halotolerant rhizobacterial consortium confers salt tolerance to maize under naturally salt‐affected soil
Authors: Shabaan Muhammad , Asghar Hafiz Naeem , Zahir Zahir Ahmad , Sardar Muhammad Fahad , Parveen Rashida , Faiza  , Ali Qasim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHalotolerant rhizobacteria, which are able to withstand higher concentrations of salts, are useful for conferring salinity tolerance to agricultural crops and improving soil fertility through their different activities. Among their various mechanisms, the improvement in soil enzyme activities they bring about through production of extracellular enzymes is crucial. Soil enzymes are responsible for supplying nutrients to plants under stressed conditions. In the current study, halotolerant plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus and Acinetobacter) species were examined individually and in combination to compare the efficiency with which they improve soil enzyme activities under naturally salt‐affected soil conditions. The microbial consortium caused a significant increase in the soil urease (1.15‐fold), dehydrogenase (14%), acid phosphatase (78%), and alkaline phosphatase (52%) activities, which led to a significant increase in shoot N (42%), grain N (98%), straw P (40%), and grain P (44%) in comparison with the uninoculated control. In addition, application of the microbial consortium to maize (Zea mays L.) seeds led to considerable improvements in plant height (70%), cob length (67%), grain yield (69%), stomatal conductance (17%), water‐use efficiency (96%), photosynthetic rate (22%), cob weight (1.63‐fold), and transpiration rate (1.2‐fold). Moreover, consortium inoculation resulted in a significant reduction in leaf Na+ (38%) content, as evidenced by reduced antioxidant activities (i.e., catalase [59%], superoxide dismutase [37%], glutathione reductase [45%], ascorbate peroxidase [19%], and malondialdehyde [53%]) after consortium application. In conclusion, the rhizobacterial consortium alleviated the negative impacts of salinity on maize growth by improving the soil enzyme activities and nutrient acquisition under salinity stress.
Highly Sensitive, Cost‐Effective, and Flexible SERS Substrate Based on Green Synthesized GO/rGO for Pesticide Detection**
Authors: Gokulakrishnan  , Alex Kevin Varghese , Sekhar Koppole C. , Koppole Kamakshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, a novel approach is adopted to synthesize graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from a natural precursor Desmostachya bipinnata (halfa grass). GO is synthesized by treating ash of halfa grass with aqueous and molten KOH. Further, reduced with lemon extract to synthesize rGO. Then GO and rGO active SERS substrates are fabricated with flexible adhesive tape. Structural and morphological features of SERS substrates are analyzed. Raman spectrum of GO and rGO consists of characteristic D and G peaks around 1331 and 1600 cm−1 and a 2D peak around 2700 cm−1. The variation in ID/IG ratio, decreasing inter‐planar spacing, and the redshift of UV – Vis absorption peak from 225 to 280 nm confirm the reduction of GO on lemon extract treatment. SERS activity of fabricated substrates is analyzed with agro pesticide thiabendazole (TBZ). The detection range of TBZ by SERS substrate lies between 1 mM to 1 nM with a minimum detection limit of 1 nM. This study emphasizes the use of GO synthesized from aqueous KOH treatment and reduced with lemon extract (rGO) for the development of highly sensitive, low cost and flexible SERS substrates to detect TBZ in various agricultural products.
Smart Polycationic Hydrogel Dressing for Dynamic Wound Healing
Authors: Dong Huifeng , Wang Liangyu , Du Lin , Wang Xing , Li Qin , Wang Xiaoyue , Zhang Jie , Nie Jun , Ma Guiping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is challenging for traditional wound dressings to adapt to the complex and changeable environment, due to the lack of stable, efficient, and continuous bactericidal activity. They also cannot be satisfied in a multifunctional sensing platform to reconstruct skin sensory functions for human health monitoring. A multifunctional hydrogel dressing is developed here for the treatment of infected wounds and human health monitoring, which is based on alginate and polycation. The in situ polymerization and solvent displacement method are used to functionalize the hydrogel for the improvement of antifreezing, water retention, and environmental adaptability, as well as the adhesion and photothermal property. As a wound dressing, the as‐prepared hydrogel exhibits an excellent antibacterial property against bothEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. In a rat model of full‐thickness wound infection, it significantly accelerates the healing of infected wounds with a high healing rate of 96.49%. In the further multifunctional sensory tests, the hydrogel shows multiple response modes of strain, pressure and temperature, and sensing stability. An idea is provided here to develop a smart hydrogel dressing that can accelerate wound healing and achieve human health monitoring.