bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of germline TYK2 variation with lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma risk
Authors: Yarmolinsky James , Amos Christopher I. , Hung Rayjean J. , Moreno Victor , Burrows Kimberley , Smith‐Byrne Karl , Atkins Joshua R. , Brennan Paul ,   Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR), Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study (CORECT), Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) Consortium, McKay James D. , Martin Richard M. , Davey Smith George 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeucravacitinib, a novel, selective inhibitor of TYK2 is currently under review at the FDA and EMA for treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. It is unclear whether recent safety concerns (ie, elevated rates of lung cancer and lymphoma) related to similar medications (ie, other JAK inhibitors) are shared with this novel TYK2 inhibitor. We used a partial loss‐of‐function variant in TYK2 (rs34536443), previously shown to protect against psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases, to evaluate the potential effect of therapeutic TYK2 inhibition on risk of lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Summary genetic association data on lung cancer risk were obtained from a GWAS meta‐analysis of 29 266 cases and 56 450 controls in the Integrative Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk and Aetiology (INTEGRAL) consortium. Summary genetic association data on non‐Hodgkin lymphoma risk were obtained from a GWAS meta‐analysis of 8489 cases and 374 506 controls in the UK Biobank and InterLymph consortium. In the primary analysis, each copy of the minor allele of rs34536443, representing partial TYK2 inhibition, was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09‐1.23, P = 2.29 × 10−6) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05‐1.33, P = 5.25 × 10−3). Our analyses using an established partial loss‐of‐function mutation to mimic TYK2 inhibition provide genetic evidence that therapeutic TYK2 inhibition may increase risk of lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. These findings, consistent with recent reports from postmarketing trials of similar JAK inhibitors, could have important implications for future safety assessment of deucravacitinib and other TYK2 inhibitors in development.
Dosage Optimization of Lamotrigine in Pregnancy: A Pharmacometric Approach Using Modeling and Simulation
Authors: PA Bhavatharini , G Shri Sanghavi , Thomas Grace , KP Arun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLamotrigine is the most widely used anti‐epileptic drug in pregnancy because of its low teratogenicity. However, there is an increased metabolism and clearance of lamotrigine in pregnancy contributing to suboptimal drug therapy and poor disease control, prompting the need for proactive dosage adjustments. The present study aimed to develop a pharmacometric model‐based framework for recommending an optimal dosage regimen for lamotrigine in pregnancy. A systematic review was performed to obtain aggregate data from the literature on the clearance of lamotrigine in pregnancy. The data were incorporated into simulations using PUMAS software to estimate the plasma concentrations at the preconception stage and during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy. Simulated drug exposures for different doses were investigated to ascertain plasma concentrations similar to the preconception value and above the minimum effective concentration. The simulated mean steady‐state trough plasma concentrations of lamotrigine were significantly decreased in pregnant women over the course of the 3 trimesters (3.17 ± 0.93 mg/L, 2.14 ± 0.86 mg/L, and 1.51 ± 0.65 mg/L, respectively), compared with non‐pregnant women (4.31 ± 1.14 mg/L) (P < .001). The simulation studies revealed that doses of 150 mg, 175 mg, 225 mg, and 250 mg twice daily in the preconception stage and the 3 trimesters, respectively, achieve the target concentrations. Thus, the model‐informed dosage regimen of lamotrigine proposed in this study shall be used to initiate appropriate dosing in pregnant women; however, the safety and efficacy of the drug must be assured through therapeutic drug monitoring in order to avoid therapeutic failure of lamotrigine in pregnancy.
Universal Bifacial Stamping Approach Enabling Reverse‐Graded Ruddlesden‐Popper 2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Junwoo , Jang Gyumin , Ma Sunihl , Lee Chan Uk , Son Jaehyun , Jeong Wooyong , Moon Jooho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuasi 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising light absorbers that overcome the inherent instabilities of 3D perovskites. High‐performance and stable 2D PSCs require careful control over the crystallographic orientation and phase distribution. This study introduces a simple and universal bifacial stamping method to obtain highly oriented perovskite crystals with a reverse‐graded structure, where the low‐n‐value 2D perovskite phases are located mainly at the film surfaces. Bifacial stamping of 3D perovskite films atop the 2D films enables incorporation of 2D spacer cations into the 3D film surfaces, forming reverse‐graded quasi‐2D perovskite films. During stamping, suppressed evaporation of the precursor solvent induces heterogeneous nucleation from the contact interface between the 2D and 3D films, resulting in well‐crystallized perovskite films having out‐of‐plane alignments with respect to the substrate. Thus, a highly oriented and reverse‐graded quasi‐2D perovskite with an average n value of 18 is obtained with power conversion efficiency exceeding 17% and high open‐circuit voltage of 1.11 V for iso‐butylammonium (iso‐BA)‐based (iso‐BA2MAn−1PbnI3n+1) PSCs. The unencapsulated device retains 92% of its initial efficiency after aging at 40 ± 5% relative humidity for 1200 h. This work provides a new strategy for fabricating highly oriented and phase‐controlled quasi‐2D PSCs.
Exploring science teaching in interaction at the instructional core
Authors: Tekkumru‐Kisa Miray , Akcil‐Okan Ozlem , Kisa Zahid , Southerland Sherry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent instructional reforms in science education aim to change the way students engage in learning in the discipline, as they describe that students are to engage with disciplinary core ideas, crosscutting concepts, and the practices of science to make sense of phenomena (NRC, 2012). For such sensemaking to become a reality, there is a need to understand the ways in which students' thinking can be maintained throughout the trajectory of science lessons. Past research in this area tends to foreground either the curriculum or teachers' practices. We propose a more comprehensive view of science instruction, one that requires attention to teachers' practice, the instructional task, and students' engagement. In this study, by examining the implementation of the same lesson across three different classrooms, our analysis of classroom videos and artifacts of students' work revealed how the interaction of teachers' practices, students' intellectual engagement, and a cognitively demanding task together support rigorous instruction. Our analyses shed light on their interaction that shapes opportunities for students' thinking and sensemaking throughout the trajectory of a science lesson. The findings provide implications for ways to promote rigorous opportunities for students' learning in science classrooms.
Vacua of ω-deformed SO(8) supergravity
Authors: Berman David , Fischbacher Thomas , Inverso Gianluca , Scellier Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We perform a detailed analysis of the vacua of ω-deformed SO(8) supergravity in four dimensions. In particular, using Tensorflow-based numerical methods, we track how the equilibria of the theory change when varying the electric-magnetic deformation parameter ω. Apart from describing various properties of different equilibria (390 in total), we show that as ω is deformed, the SO(3), $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 vacuum of the de Wit-Nicolai theory becomes equivalent to a critical point in U(4) ⋉ ℝ12 gauged supergravity with a known uplift in IIB supergravity. The procedure employed here to obtain a new gauging with a guaranteed equilibrium is generic and allows one to obtain further admissible noncompact gaugings via ω-deformation, all of which have guaranteed critical points, and some of which may be novel upliftable solutions.
Residual oxygen content and powder recycling: effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts
Authors: Emminghaus Nicole , Bernhard Robert , Hermsdorf Jörg , Kaierle Stefan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) offers a variety of advantages over conventional processing techniques and the possibility to recycle and reuse powder increases its sustainability. However, the process and resulting part properties are influenced by a variety of factors including powder recycling grade and residual oxygen content of the process atmosphere. Especially in terms of reactive materials like Ti-6Al-4V, oxidation during processing and recycling determines process stability and reproducibility. This work therefore focusses on the influence of the conventionally varied processing parameters as well as atmosphere residual oxygen content process and powder recycling on the microstructure and mechanical properties. For this purpose, the design of experiments approach is used and by evaluation of regression models, effect sizes and interactions are given. Additionally, two different etching techniques were employed to reveal different aspects of the microstructure. While no significant influence of powder recycling and residual oxygen on the microstructure could be observed, they both significantly influence the mechanical properties. A maximum hardness of 470 HV0.1, a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 1252.3 MPa, and a maximum elongation at break of 17.8 % were obtained. The results demonstrate the importance of the processing atmosphere’s residual oxygen content and of taking into account the changing powder characteristics during recycling as well as its effect on the part properties.
Incipient chronic traumatic encephalopathy in active American football players: neuropsychological assessment and brain perfusion measures
Authors: Querzola Giacomo , Lovati Carlo , Laganà Maria M. , Pirastru Alice , Baglio Francesca , Pantoni Leonardo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative disease caused by repetitive traumatic brain injury (TBI). Because CTE can be definitely diagnosed only post-mortem, it would be important to explore clinical and radiological correlates of CTE and TBI. The aims of this study were to assess (1) the relationship between the neuropsychological profile of active American football players and the traumatic load; (2) whether traumatic brain injury associated with American football activity has a specific cerebral perfusion pattern; and (3) whether this perfusion pattern correlates with neuropsychological performances.

Methods
In 20 American football players [median age [25th–75th percentile] 25.0 [21.6–31.2] years, all males], we evaluated history, traumatic load and symptoms using the TraQ (Trauma Questionnaire), and cognitive performances on neuropsychological tests. Brain perfusion was estimated using arterial spin labeling MRI and compared to a group of 19 male age-matched (28.0 [24.8–32.3] years) healthy subjects.

Results
We found different cognitive performances between American football players stratified according to field position and career length. Linemen had poorer executive, verbal, and visual performances; a career > 7 years was associated with poorer verbal fluency performances. American football players had statistically significant reduced cerebral blood flow values in sensory-motor areas in comparison with healthy controls. Poorer neuropsychological performances correlated with lower perfusion in specific brain areas.

Conclusions
Our study seems to confirm that CTE in American football players is influenced by the field position and the career length, and correlates with lower cognitive performances linked to lower perfusion in specific brain areas.
The Many Lives of Darwin’s Letters
Authors: White Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTheCorrespondence of Charles Darwinwill be completed in 2022. This essay looks briefly at the history of editing Darwin and compares the modern edition with the Victorian practice of narrating an exemplary life through letters, with commemorative volumes produced by a family member or friend and private material carefully selected to document personal character. How is a scientific life composed? What kind of character is expressed in scientific work?
Transformations towards sustainable food systems: contrasting Swedish practitioner perspectives with the European Commission’s Farm to Fork Strategy
Authors: Eliasson Karin , Wiréhn Lotten , Neset Tina-Simone , Linnér Björn-Ola 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study explores features of food system transformations towards sustainability in theFarm to Fork Strategyin relation to perspectives of Swedish food system practitioners. Transformations towards sustainable food systems are essential to achieve the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and the need for more sustainable food systems has been recognised in theEuropean Green Dealand itsFarm to Fork Strategy. The Swedish ambition to act as a global leader in achieving the 2030 Agenda and the European Commission’s aspiration for Europe to lead global food system transformations offer a critical opportunity to study transformational processes and agents of change in a high-income region with externalised environmental and sustainability impacts. Drawing on theories of complex systems transformations, this study identifies features of food system transformations, exploring places to intervene and examines the roles, responsibilities, and agency related to these changes. The results of this study provide three main conclusions highlighting (i) alignment of high-level policy and the perspectives of national practitioners at the paradigm level, especially concerning how food is valued, which is a crucial first step for transformational processes to come about (ii) a lack of clarity as well as diversity of pathways to transform food systems although common objectives are expressed, and (iii) governance mechanisms as enablers for a diversity of transformations. Moreover, these processes must acknowledge the contextual and complex nature of food systems and the level of agency and power of actors.
Respect for Autonomy and Dementia Care in Nursing Homes: Revising Beauchamp and Childress’s Account of Autonomous Decision-Making
Authors: Soofi Hojjat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpecifying the moral demands of respect for the autonomy of people with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes (NHs) remains a challenging conceptual task. These challenges arise primarily because received notions of autonomous decision-making and informed consent do not straightforwardly apply to PWD in NHs. In this paper, I investigate whether, and to what extent, the influential account of autonomous decision-making and informed consent proposed by Beauchamp and Childress has applicability and relevance to PWD in NHs. Despite its otherwise practical orientation and suitability for acute care settings, I identify three problems with this account when applied to PWD in NHs. These problems include (1) intentionality as an all-or-nothing condition of autonomous decision-making, (2) construing consent as one-off authorization, and (3) unresolved ambiguities around the primacy of precedent autonomy over best interest considerations. To address these problems, I propose and defend a number of revisions to Beauchamp and Childress’s account. First, I suggest that we consider intentionality as a non-binary criterion of autonomous decision-making. Second, I argue for a model of process consent to overcome the moral inadequacy of construing consent as one-off authorization in NHs. And, to overcome the third problem, I suggest accounting for both precedent and extant autonomy of PWD, considering mandates of precedent autonomy not as prescriptive but as informative, and drawing a less rigid distinction between autonomy considerations and best interest judgements. I conclude that this revised version of Beauchamp and Childress’s account fares better than the original version in capturing relevant autonomy considerations to care for PWD in NHs.
Long-term cost-effectiveness of group unified protocol in the Spanish public mental health system
Authors: Peris-Baquero Ó. , Moreno J. D. , Osma Jorge 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The limited material and human resources available in the Spanish public mental health system, combined with the high prevalence of emotional disorders nowadays, makes it necessary to search for and implement other more cost-effective formats. The versatility of the Unified Protocol (UP) for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders allows its application in group format, which could be a cost-effective solution for the system. The aim of the present study is to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the UP applied in group format in specialized care units compared to the Treatment as usual (TAU) in the Spanish public mental health system over a 15-month time period. The sample of this study consisted of 188 patients, diagnosed with an emotional disorder, randomized to the UP condition in group format or to the TAU condition in individual format. The findings of this study have shown the same beneficial results for the participants with symptoms of anxiety and depression in both conditions and greater improvements in quality of life in the UP condition. Regarding cost-effectiveness results, at the 15-month follow-up, participants in the UP condition received a greater number of sessions, with a lower total economic cost compared to the TAU condition. Finally, reductions in the number of participants using antidepressants and a reduction in medication burden were found in the UP condition over time. The results of this study show that UP applied in a group format can be a cost-effectiveness solution for the Spanish public mental health system. Trial registration number: NCT03064477 (March 10, 2017).
Business roadmap for the European Union in the NewSpace ecosystem: a case study for access to space
Authors: Rodriguez-Donaire Silvia , Gil Paulino , Garcia-Almiñana Daniel , Crisp Nicholas H. , Herdrich Georg H. , Roberts Peter C. E. , Kataria Dhiren , Hanessian Virginia , Becedas Jonathan , Seminari Simon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA business roadmap is a high-level strategic management tool that maps the actions to develop new industries. It serves as a guide to plan and forecast technological, market and product developments in a more operational way. Precisely, the business roadmap of this article highlights the main actions to be taken by the European Union (EU) space ecosystem with regards to Low Earth Orbit (LEO)—orbits from 450 to 2000 km—and Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO)—orbits from 150 to 450 km. On the one hand, it is necessary to (1) develop industrial and technological space capabilities, (2) continue investing public funds in European Programs to develop new vehicle concepts of access to space, (3) improve testing, demonstration and exploration for faster the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) development, (4) promote an entrepreneurial and risk-taking culture, and (5) leverage the private investment to boost the development of advanced access to space technologies, attract talent, promote collaboration between public and private companies, and finance NewSpace Small–Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs). On the other hand, it should also strengthen its relationship with the European Space Agency (ESA) to foster its space capabilities and become a competitive player in the access to space market in the medium term (5–10 years). The implementation of these actions will help the EU to improve its international positioning, and adapt the technology to the needs and requirements of NewSpace demand, mobilizing around €40,500 million euros for the EU economy during the first 10–15 years of operations with an average Leverage Factor (LF) of 4.
Light-responsive biomaterials for ocular drug delivery
Authors: Abdelmohsen Hend A. M. , Copeland Nikki A. , Hardy John G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLight-responsive biomaterials can be used for the delivery of therapeutic drugs and nucleic acids, where the tunable/precise delivery of payload highlights the potential of such biomaterials for treating a variety of conditions. The translucency of eyes and advances of laser technology in ophthalmology make light-responsive delivery of drugs feasible. Importantly, light can be applied in a non-invasive fashion; therefore, light-triggered drug delivery systems have great potential for clinical impact. This review will examine various types of light-responsive polymers and the chemistry that underpins their application as ophthalmic drug delivery systems.
Graphical abstract
A new Early Triassic brachiopod fauna from southern Tibet, China: Implications on brachiopod recovery and the late Smithian extinction in southern Tethys
Authors: Wang Fengyu , Chen Jing , Dai Xu , Song Haijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrachiopods suffered high levels of extinction during the Permian–Triassic crisis, and their diversity failed to return to Permian levels. In the aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, brachiopods were extremely rare worldwide, especially in the southern hemisphere. Here, we report a new Early Triassic brachiopod fauna from the Selong section in southern Tibet, China. A new genus and three new species have been identified: Selongthyris plana Wang and Chen n. gen. n. sp., Piarorhynchella selongensis Wang and Chen n. sp., and Schwagerispira cheni Wang and Chen n. sp., which are typical. The ontogenies and internal structures of these three new species are described in detail. This brachiopod fauna corresponds to the Neospathodus pakistanensis and Neospathodus waageni conodont biozones and Kashmirites and Anasibirites ammonoid biozones, indicating a late Dienerian to late Smithian age. The post-extinction recovery of brachiopods in the Himalayas may have begun by the early Smithian of the Early Triassic. In addition, these species did not persist into the Spathian substage, suggesting that the newly evolved brachiopods in the southern Tethys were severely affected by the late Smithian extinction event.UUID: http://zoobank.org/f8fc8ced-432c-41d2-8c6c-d17bca527109
A Dynamic Taylor’s law
Authors: De La Pena Victor , Doukhan Paul , Salhi Yahia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTaylor’s power law (or fluctuation scaling) states that on comparable populations, the variance of each sample is approximately proportional to a power of the mean of the population. The law has been shown to hold by empirical observations in a broad class of disciplines including demography, biology, economics, physics, and mathematics. In particular, it has been observed in problems involving population dynamics, market trading, thermodynamics, and number theory. In applications, many authors consider panel data in order to obtain laws of large numbers. Essentially, we aim to consider ergodic behaviors without independence. We restrict our study to stationary time series, and develop different Taylor exponents in this setting. From a theoretical point of view, there has been a growing interest in the study of the behavior of such a phenomenon. Most of these works focused on the so-called static Taylor’s law related to independent samples. In this paper we introduce a dynamic Taylor’s law for dependent samples using self-normalized expressions involving Bernstein blocks. A central limit theorem (CLT) is proved under either weak dependence or strong mixing assumptions for the marginal process. The limit behavior of the estimation involves a series of covariances, unlike the classic framework where the limit behavior involves the marginal variance. We also provide an asymptotic result for a goodness-of-fit procedure suitable for checking whether the corresponding dynamic Taylor’s law holds in empirical studies.