bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Impersonating a Human: The Impact of Design Facilitator Identity on Human Designers
Authors: Zhang Guanglu , Raina Ayush , Brownell Ethan , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) offer new opportunities for human–AI cooperation in engineering design. Human trust in AI is a crucial factor in ensuring an effective human–AI cooperation, and several approaches to enhance human trust in AI have been explored in prior studies. However, it remains an open question in engineering design whether human designers have more trust in an AI and achieve better joint performance when they are deceived into thinking they are working with another human designer. This research assesses the impact of design facilitator identity (“human” versus AI) on human designers through a human subjects study, where participants work with the same AI design facilitator and they can adopt their AI facilitator’s design anytime during the study. Half of the participants are told that they work with an AI, and the other half of the participants are told that they work with another human participant but in fact they work with the AI design facilitator. The results demonstrate that, for this study, human designers adopt their facilitator’s design less often on average when they are deceived about the identity of the AI design facilitator as another human designer. However, design facilitator identity does not have a significant impact on human designers’ average performance, perceived workload, and perceived competency and helpfulness of their design facilitator in the study. These results caution against deceiving human designers about the identity of an AI design facilitator in engineering design.
Extending Timoshenko Beam Theory for Large Deflections in Compliant Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Ke , Zheng Gang , Chen Guimin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Compliant mechanisms (CMs) have presented its inherently advantageous properties due to the fact that CMs utilize elastic deformation of the elementary flexible members to transfer motion, force, and energy. Previously, the classic Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is the most used theory in terms of modeling large beam deflections in CMs. However, it has some assumptions that may decrease the modeling accuracy, such as ignoring the shear strain and the axial strain of cross sections. In this article, to take into account the shear and axial strains, we adopt the Timoshenko beam theory along with some modifications to consider the axial elongation. To simplify the complexity of the proposed governing boundary value problem (BVP), we transform the BVP into an explicit formulation and use weighted residual methods to numerically approximate the solution. We first focus on the single-beam deflection of a straight beam and an initially curved beam (ICB) using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko beam theory, and solid mechanics to analyze the contributions of the influences of shear and axial strains in beam deflections. Then, we prove the feasibility of the proposed modeling strategy via mechanism synthesis for a bi-stable mechanism and an ICB-based parallelogram mechanism. Finally, the deduction of the mathematical model and the numerical results are provided along with brief analysis on the mechanical performances of the studied CMs.
Design of a Novel Flexible Robotic Laparoscope Using a Two Degrees-of-Freedom Cable-Driven Continuum Mechanism With Major Arc Notches
Authors: Wang Zhengyu , Bao Shiyang , Wang Daoming , Qian Sen , Zhang Jianxi , Hai Mingxin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article presents the design, development, and motion control of a novel flexible robotic laparoscope (FRL). The main structure of the FRL includes a two degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) continuum mechanism driven by two pairs of cable-pulley-driven systems, which are actuated by four miniature linear actuators. A constant-curvature model is employed on the kinematics modeling and analysis of the continuum mechanism with designed major arc notches. The bending control strategy of the continuum mechanism is proposed and realized based on its kinematics model and a feedforward compensation method considering its nonlinearity motion calibration with a suitable initial tension of the driven cables. Besides, the continuum mechanism is made of elastic nylon material through 3D printing technology. An experimental prototype is developed to test the effectiveness and feasibility of the FRL. The experimental results indicate that the FRL has good positioning accuracy and motion performance with potential applications in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery.
Interlayer Slidable Friction Structures on Soft-Substrate
Authors: Sun Bo-Hua , Dang Wen , Guo Xiao-Lin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the interlayer slidable friction structures on soft-substrate as the hardcover book-like-laminated-plates with internal friction on the Winkler foundation. For a quasi-static problem, a detailed analysis of the bending response and energy dissipation is carried out for a three-point-supported layered plate on the Winker foundation. Our numerical investigations show that the hardcover, friction, and substrate have a great influence on bending response, and in particular, the friction can cause a considerable amount of energy dissipation within per loading–unloading cycle. The study is not only to predict the mechanical interactions behavior in-between of geometry, friction, elasticity, and substrate but also as a representative case to help finding some clue on the universal behaviors of interlayer slidable friction structures on soft-substrate.
Research on Start-Stop Performance of Journal Bearing Based on an Isothermal and Mixed Lubrication Model With Different Acceleration and Deceleration Forms in Consideration
Authors: Gu Chunxing , Dai Li , Zhang Di 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to explore the influence of different acceleration and deceleration forms on the bearing performance during acceleration and deceleration, an isothermal and mixed lubrication model for journal bearings was established. In this model, the fluid mechanics was solved by the Reynolds equation with mass conservation boundary condition, while the contact mechanics was predicted by Greenwood and Tripp (GT) contact model. By the developed model and using different functions of the shaft speed, the start-stop performances of the journal-bearing system under different acceleration scenarios were analyzed. The effects of working conditions, lubrication oil temperature, and bearing structure parameters on the start-stop performance of the journal-bearing system were studied. It was found that the larger starting acceleration can help the journal-bearing system enter the hydrodynamic lubrication faster in the acceleration phase. In the deceleration phase, slow deceleration helps the journal-bearing system maintain hydrodynamic lubrication for a longer time. The higher final speed, lower lubrication oil temperature, and lower bearing clearance can make the journal-bearing system have a better performance in the start-stop process.
Analysis of a Moored and Articulated Multibody Offshore System in Steep Waves
Authors: Jiang Changqing , Xu Peng , el Moctar Ould , Zhang Guiyong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wave-induced motions and loads on a moored and articulated multibody offshore structure are numerically analyzed, where a coupled mooring–joint–viscous flow solver is used to count for mooring dynamics, joint restrictions, nonlinear rigid body motions, and viscous flow effects. The considered concepts consist of two modular floating structures (MFSs) connected by two types of connections, namely, a rigid joint and a flexible joint, and positioned by four symmetrical catenary mooring lines. The analyzed responses comprised multibody motions as well as associated forces acting in the hinged joints and the mooring lines. Results indicate that surge motions of articulated bodies are almost identical to each other, whereas the effects of the joint on heave motions are not pronounced. However, highly dynamic pitch motions between two hinged MFSs are observed. Apart from motion responses, forces acting on the hinged joint and the mooring lines are estimated. The importance of wave nonlinearity and higher order components is identified by studying waves with different steepness. The coupled mooring–joint–viscous flow solver demonstrates its capability to predict wave-induced motions and loads on a moored multibody offshore structure articulated by various types of joints.
Development of Liquid Film Thickness Measurement Considering Effect of Curved Gas-Liquid Interface Based on Optical Waveguide Film
Authors: Furuichi Hajime , Kawada Shunya , Mizushima Yuki , Sanada Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aims at developing a liquid film sensor with an optical waveguide film (OWF-based sensor) that provides accurate measurements of liquid film thickness. The OWF measurement principle employs detection of light reflected at the liquid film surface with high spatial resolution. Since the curved surface of the liquid film reflects the light and increases measurement error, we proposed a signal processing method to remove the error factor in calculation of the time-averaged thickness. This method requires knowing an appropriate range for the thickness measurement and predicting the surface curvature. We experimentally simulated a liquid film curved surface with a metal test piece, and the test piece was moved with a constant velocity in an acrylic water vessel. We found that an output signal from the OWF-based sensor peaked when the wave passed above the sensor. We calculated the output signal with our 3D ray-tracing simulator of the OWF-based sensor. The simulation results showed that the effect of the curved surface up to the surface curvature of 5.0 mm−1 was negligible based on the good agreement of the liquid film thickness with that of the flat liquid film surface within 6 % difference. Furthermore, we found the surface curvature in the range of 0.1–20.0 mm−1 was able to be predicted using a characteristic of the output signal peak. Consequently, we confirmed the effectiveness of the developed sensor with the OWF-based sensor.
An Assessment of Utilities Locating Practices and Excavation Damage
Authors: Farrag Khalid , Guerrero Merino Marta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Excavation damage to underground utilities is caused by three main root causes, namely: One-call notifications were not made or not sufficient, unsuccessful locating practices, and excavation practices not sufficient.
This paper investigates the root-causes of excavation damage and the effect of various site characteristics and locating practices on the success of locating belowground utilities. Excavation damage incidents were reviewed from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) pipeline incident reports and Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) records of natural gas distribution (GD), gas transmission (GT), and hazardous liquid (HL) lines from 1970 to 2019. These records were stored in an SQL database and a web-based data management program was developed for displaying the distributions and relationships between the root causes and incidents’ parameters.
The incidents’ data analysis was performed using a Bayesian Network (BN) approach for the evaluation of the probabilities of locating failures under variable parameters. BN provides the flexibility of updating the probabilities when performing risk and sensitivity analysis under various conditions. The means by which BN is processed enables performing the sensitivity analysis quantitatively as well as ranking the significance of the risk factors.
The paper presents the relationships and causality of the parameters affecting the performance of Electromagnetic (EM) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Locators. A parametrical study was performed to evaluate the effect of site conditions (such as soil type and moisture), pipe attributes (material, size, and depth), and locating practices (such as equipment type and frequency) on the probability of a successful locating. The results demonstrate the significance of the pipe diameter to depth ratio and device frequency on the probability of detection.
Balancing Hydrogen Networks Safely: A Method for Calculating Linepack Potential Without Causing Integrity Risk Due to Hydrogen-Enhanced Fatigue
Authors: Wesselink Onno , Krom Alfons , van Agteren Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The hydrogen economy is about to shift towards a large-scale decarbonization solution, a transition in which green hydrogen will take the stage. An increasing share of green hydrogen means that supply and demand will be more widely spread, in terms of distance as well as timing. Transport system operators see a temporary role for themselves in solving this issue of imbalance. Gasunie will have developed a ‘hydrogen backbone’ by 2030, approximately 1200 km in length, of which 80% will consist of re-used natural gas pipelines with 36–48 inch diameters. Hydrogen pipeline networks can efficiently accommodate temporal imbalances via their linepack.
However, there is a downside to using linepack this way. Highly volatile production volumes of green hydrogen, caused by volatile wind and solar profiles, will result in frequent significant pressure fluctuations in the pipelines. This is worrying because pipeline crack-like defects in contact with hydrogen gas grow about ten times faster compared to natural gas under the same pressure fluctuations. This effect is known as hydrogen-enhanced fatigue defect growth. Increasing the frequency and amplitude of pressure fluctuations for balancing using linepack will lead to even higher defect growth rates, compared to a more constant pressure regime.
Enhanced fatigue can be prevented by controlling the pressure fluctuations, but this limits the maximum available linepack. This difficult choice between commercial interests and pipeline integrity justifies performing a quantitative analysis of market-driven pressure fluctuations in hydrogen networks and their effect on defect growth and lifetimes of these hydrogen networks. This paper describes an integrated simulation model that can calculate dynamic network behaviour for hydrogen transport networks and give an indication of the corresponding defect growth risks that come with this network behaviour.
By using this integrated simulation model, safe margins can be calculated for providing sufficient linepack without risking increased hydrogen-enhanced fatigue defect growth, which can undermine the integrity of a pipeline and reduce the lifetime of this asset. Insights from this model are applied by Gasunie to maximize security of supply and minimize integrity risks. This is essential in the start-up phase of the hydrogen economy due to the absence of sufficient flexibility in production and storage.
Safe Repurposing of Vintage Pipelines for Hydrogen in North America
Authors: Sandana Daniel , Gallon Neil , Burkinshaw Ollie , Bhatia Arti 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen has been championed as a vital player in the future energy mix needed to achieve net-zero carbon emissions. The deployment of hydrogen at an industrial scale will require pipelines for transportation, and given the many obstacles to new pipeline construction, it appears inevitable that a large proportion of the future hydrogen pipeline network will consist of repurposed existing infrastructure.
Conversion strategies require that retrofit pipelines remain operationally safe under the new mode of transportation. From an integrity perspective, the conversion exercise will require understanding the line pipe material’s “DNA” (e.g. grades, hard spots) and assessing the impact of hydrogen on key pipeline mechanical properties (e.g. fracture toughness) and on the tolerance of integrity threats. These threats include those that may already exist from previous hydrocarbon service (e.g. stress-corrosion cracking), those that are directly related to the conversion to hydrogen (e.g. fatigue) and those that are an integral part of a pipeline life cycle (e.g. third-party damages, geohazards). There is currently a lack of clarity within the industry about how to quantify and manage these threats to hydrogen pipelines. How, if at all, should an integrity management strategy for a hydrogen pipeline differ from that of a natural gas pipeline?
In order to define the boundaries of the existing North American pipeline network and the starting point for conversion, this paper will conduct an Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) of (i) the pipeline network’s “DNA” (e.g. diameters, thicknesses, grades, fracture toughness, hard spots, age), and (ii) the pipeline threat and condition attributes (e.g. pre-existing crack threats, crack distribution). This paper will take advantage of the knowledge derived from the ROSEN Integrity Data Warehouse (IDW), a global repository of ILI results and Integrity Management, in order to quantify the characteristics specific to North America.
A pragmatic approach to safely repurposing existing pipelines to hydrogen service will be then presented in recognition of the identified regional ‘DNA’ and integrity peculiarities, and in respect to applicable local codes and regulations.
Role of Axial Stress in Pipeline Integrity Management
Authors: Zhang Ken , Chune Ron , Wang Rick , Kania Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In pipeline integrity management, axial stress solely can be a detrimental condition, and it may play an important role in assessment of other threats. Current practice for the assessment of integrity features such as external metal loss, deformation and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) are based on methods validated by burst testing that primarily consider hoop stress to be the maximum principal stress which governs. Observations during recent integrity management practice, however, indicate that axial stress plays an important role in pipeline failures when interacting with integrity features under certain circumstances, and should be carefully considered in integrity engineering assessment.
Multiple real-life case studies are described to illustrate the importance of proper consideration of axial stress in integrity management, including: 1) axial compressive stress induced global buckling, 2) yielding of small radius fitting under axial stress, 3) ductile overloading due to axial tensile stress interacting with circumferentially oriented corrosion feature, 4) axial tensile stress and its relationship with formation of circumferential stress corrosion cracking. The details of the case studies, results and findings are summarized in this paper.
Determining axial stress for integrity assessment can be critical, depending on site-specific conditions and nature of the loading. In this paper, a multi-level method for calculating axial stress based on finite element analysis (FEA) using various elements and techniques, combined with bending strain measured by in-line inspection (ILI) is described. In addition, a simplified approach for interacting threat analysis with continuum FEA and a simplified assessment based on empirical equations are proposed and discussed.
Measurement of Physical Activity Using Accelerometry in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Motl Robert W. 
Published: December 2022

The consequences of multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly gait and walking dysfunction, may obfuscate (i.e., make unclear in meaning) the measurement of physical activity using body-worn motion sensors, notably accelerometers. This paper is based on an invited keynote lecture given at the 8th International Conference on Ambulatory Monitoring of Physical Activity and Movement, June 2022, and provides an overview of studies applying accelerometers for the measurement of physical activity behavior in MS. The overview includes initial research uncovering a conundrum with the interpretation of activity counts from accelerometers as a measure of physical activity. It then reviews research on calibration of accelerometer output based on its association with energy expenditure in yielding a biologically based metric for studying physical activity in MS. The paper concludes with other applications and lessons learned for guiding future research on physical activity measurement using accelerometry in MS and other populations with neurological diseases and conditions.
Antiviral Activity of Nitrosonium Cations against SARS-CoV-2 on a Syrian Hamster Model
Authors: Shipovalov A. V. , Vanin A. F. , Pyankov O. V. , Bagryanskaya E. G. , Mikoyan V. D. , Tkachev N. A. , Asanbaeva N. A. , Popkova V. Ya. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe antiviral action of binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione along with diethyldithiocarbamate against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been demonstrated on a Syrian hamster model after aerosol exposure of SARS-CoV-2-infected animals to the solutions of said compounds. EPR assays in analogous experiments on intact hamsters have demonstrated that the iron complexes and diethyldithiocarbamate are predominantly localized in lung tissues. These results have been compared with similar measurements on intact mice, which have shown the equal localization of these agents in both the lungs and liver. We assume that the release of the nitrosonium cations from the binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione occurs during their contact with diethyldithiocarbamate in the animal body. These cations caused S-nitrosation of host and viral cell proteases, leading to suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Barriers to paediatric penicillin allergy de-labelling in UK secondary care: a regional survey
Authors: Maduemem Kene , Clark Hannah , Sohal Iseult , Dawson Tom , Makwana Niten 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIncorrect penicillin allergy labels result in the use of inappropriately broad-spectrum antibiotics. De-labelling inaccurate penicillin allergy promotes antimicrobial stewardship and optimises prescribing practices. The objectives were to evaluate paediatric clinicians’ knowledge and understanding of penicillin allergy and to identify barriers in tackling incorrect penicillin allergy labels.MethodsPaediatric clinicians from across the West Midlands of the UK were surveyed using an online, anonymised questionnaire between 1 August and 30 September 2021. Domains explored were (1) approach to penicillin allergy clinical vignettes, (2) knowledge of the impact of penicillin allergy labels, (3) frequency of allergy-focused history questions and (4) barriers in tackling incorrect penicillin allergy.ResultsResponses were received from 307 paediatric clinicians across 12 hospitals. Sixty-one per cent would not prescribe a penicillin-based antibiotic if a family history of penicillin allergy was reported. There was an overall deficit in taking an allergy-focused history with only 36.5% inquiring about diagnostic confirmation. Absence, or lack of awareness of a referral pathway for antibiotic allergy evaluation (58.6%) and unfamiliarity of the indications for oral provocation testing (55%) were the most common reported barriers to penicillin allergy de-labelling. Fifty-one per cent would rather ‘play it safe’ than explore penicillin allergy confirmation as it is felt that alternative treatments were readily available.ConclusionsThe deficiency in antibiotic allergy-focused history among paediatric clinicians highlights the need for better allergy education across all clinical grades. Pragmatic algorithms and clear referral pathways could address barriers faced by non-allergists in de-labelling incorrect penicillin allergy.