bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling magnetically channeled winds in 3D – I. Isothermal simulations of a magnetic O supergiant
Authors: Subramanian Sethupathy , Balsara Dinshaw S , ud-Doula Asif , Gagné Marc 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper we present the first set of 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations performed with the riemann geomesh code. We study the dynamics of the magnetically channeled winds of magnetic massive stars in full three dimensions using a code that is uniquely suited to spherical problems. Specifically, we perform isothermal simulations of a smooth wind on a rotating star with a tilted, initially dipolar field. We compare the mass-loss, angular momentum loss, and magnetospheric dynamics of a template star (with the properties that are reminiscent of the O4 supergiant ζ Pup) over a range of rotation rates, magnetic field strengths, and magnetic tilt angles. The simulations are run up to a quasi-steady state and the results are observed to be consistent with the existing literature, showing the episodic centrifugal breakout events of the mass outflow, confined by the magnetic field loops that form the closed magnetosphere of the star. The catalogued results provide perspective on how angular-momentum loss varies for different configurations of rotation rate, magnetic field strength, and large magnetic tilt angles. In agreement with previous 2D MHD studies, we find that high magnetic confinement reduces the overall mass-loss rate, and higher rotation increases the mass-loss rate. This and future studies will be used to estimate the angular-momentum evolution, spin-down time, and mass-loss evolution of magnetic massive stars as a function of magnetic field strength, rotation rate, and dipole tilt.
Music-Assisted Reminiscence Therapy with Older Adults: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Outcomes
Authors: Engelbrecht Romy , Bhar Sunil , Ciorciari Joseph 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Reminiscence therapy (RT) is often used in music therapy; however, it remains unclear how music can be integrated within this therapy. This pilot study aimed to contrast the user experience and acceptability of RT with and without music. Eight older adults experiencing symptoms of anxiety and/or depression were randomly allocated to a single session of either verbal RT (VRT) or music-assisted RT (MRT). Pre- and post-measures of affect (Positive and Negative Affect Scale) and memory (Memory Experience Questionnaire, Short Form) were administered to compare VRT and MRT, followed by a brief semi-structured interview to understand the participants’ experiences and level of satisfaction. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using an inductive coding approach. Two MRT protocols were also delivered to examine different ways of embedding music into RT and compared using qualitative interview data. Participants reported that VRT and MRT were equally acceptable and well tolerated. All participants completed the VRT or MRT session. Participants were able to identify a song to listen to in both MRT protocols and found both acceptable. A pre–post pattern of improvement was observed for affect following VRT, and particularly MRT, suggesting both as promising interventions. The high treatment fidelity achieved in this study indicates that the interventions can be successfully implemented with this population. MRT resulted in higher scores on memory experience characteristics, such as vividness, coherence, and accessibility, and, therefore, may provide changes above and beyond VRT for older people experiencing psychological distress, suggesting that large-scale clinical trials are warranted.
Thinking about Religious Space
Authors: Kilde Jeanne Halgren 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This handbook asks the question, How do we understand religious spaces? It brings together authors from several disciplines to write on specific spaces around the world and across time, and demonstrates how contemporary innovations in the study of religious space are reshaping the study of religion itself. The overarching principle that grows from this collection is that religious space plays a constitutive role in religion and religious experience. This chapter outlines these goals and themes and contextualizes them in two ways, creating a scaffolding on which readers may build their knowledge as they read individual chapters. The first context is the historical development of the scholarly study of religious space. The second is a four-part typology of the approaches to religious space that have developed since the mid-twentieth century. The chapter ends with a discussion of themes that cut across the volume’s chapters and a call for cross-disciplinary reading and enrichment.
Pre-Columbian and Indigenous Religious Spaces in Mesoamerica
Authors: Woodfill Brent K. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For ancient and contemporary Indigenous populations in Mexico and northern Central America, the landscape is populated by living beings who exert real authority over the people who depend on them. Mountains, caves, springs, and other geological idiosyncrasies are named individuals with drives, desires, and personalities, and their human neighbors need to actively maintain a relationship with them through ceremonies and gift-giving. Sacred places are therefore persons in Mesoamerica and the recipients of ritual events, not simply stages where events occur. Since continued access to these beings is an essential component of nearly every aspect of well-being, they become central to local identity and often become a tool of conquest and resistance. Rival states, the Spanish empire, and modern corporations, intentionally or not, have taken over these places, forcing locals to submit to their authority to be able to access them. But they also become the focus of independence movements.
Religious Spaces as Tourist Sites in Ghana
Authors: Nsiah Alice Matilda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses religious spaces at tourist sites in Ghana. It identifies a deity called Anyaman in Antoa, a village near Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, that manifested and inhabited a river in a thick forest grove. The chapter argues that the presence of the deity has made the groove intrinsically sacred, popular, and rich. It then examines the history and roles of the first Christian churches, located in Elmina Castle, which became extrinsically sacred by consecration. The castle made the churches popular and rich, and it both sacralized and desacralized them in history. The chapter concludes that spatial location may function together with language, culture, tradition, and ideology to enhance the profound religious experiences of worshipers or may create fear, intimidation, and repulsion that may block the opportunity for such experiences.
Form and Function in the Ancient Synagogue
Authors: Chiat Marilyn J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Since the first excavations of ancient synagogues began in the Galilee in the early decades of the twentieth century, scholars have sought to understand how the form, or plan, of these building relates to their function. The question became more complex as additional synagogue sites were uncovered, both in modern Israel and the ancient Diaspora, which revealed a diversity in form that could not be attributed to an evolutionary development over time. This chapter surveys seven excavated synagogue sites that illustrate these diverse forms and the complexities scholars confront as they search for the various functions that may have occurred in them and offers provisional answers about this relationship.
Corpus Approaches to Orchestration
Authors: Chon Song Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In Western art music, thousands of works have been composed for an orchestra. Despite the wealth of published treatises by composers on the instrument combination techniques, orchestration was regarded as an art of combining instruments that a person could achieve only after years of practice, rather than a system of techniques that can be scientifically studied. Numerous composers have written treatises on orchestration, but discussions of orchestration tend to be idiosyncratic rather than systematic. This chapter surveys research efforts to understand the practice of orchestration from the systematic perspective of corpus analysis. The development of technology, such as reliable automatic optical music recognition and conversion, will improve data collection and allow researchers to discover more meaningful patterns hidden in data, which eventually will illuminate changes through history as well as provide a scientific explanation of principles behind orchestration practices.
Late-Soviet Occulture
Authors: Engström Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines Moscow’s esoteric underground from the 1960s to 1980s and the Iuzhinskii Circle of writer Iurii Mamleev (1931–2015). The participants in Mamleev’s salon, observers, and a small number of scholars often call Mamleev’s salon the center of Moscow’s “metaphysical” underground and of the esoteric revolution of the 1960s. According to Mamleev himself, Iuzhinskii was an attempted revival of the Silver Age, with its interest in the otherworldly and the esoteric. The writers and artists who frequented Mamleev’s salon were distinguished by their radical distrust of rationality and progress. The main characteristic of Iuzhinskii as a community was that its radical doubt encompassed not only the Soviet system, but the modern world in and of itself. Special attention is given to the work of translator and poet Evgenii Golovin (1938–2010) as the central figure in late-Soviet “occulture.” This chapter also traces the influence of the ideas and the everyday way of life of the Iuzhinskii Circle and Evgenii Golovin on the late-Soviet musical avant-garde and on the formation of the post-Soviet radical right-wing counterculture.
The Southern Cone Novel (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Paraguay)
Authors: Majstorovic Gorica 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a survey of the Southern Cone novel. It follows a chronological approach, beginning with the key role the novel played in nation formation throughout the nineteenth century and ending with Bolaño, the digital revolution, and women’s writing. The second section addresses the Argentine novelas de la bolsa. The realist novel exposed social injustice, a tendency that continued in the 1920s and 1930s with regional novels by Güiraldes and Lynch (Argentina), Rojas (Chile), and Amorim (Uruguay). Arlt, the founder of the modern urban novel, is the subject of the fourth section, followed by the discussion of Boom (Cortázar, Donoso, and Roa Bastos). If women were sidestepped by the Boom, the final section does them justice by focusing on the Southern Cone novelists that are particularly prominent in the contemporary resurgence of Latin American literature written by women: Schweblin, Enriquez, Almada, Cabezón Cámara, Trías, Eltit, Meruane, and Fernández, among others.
The Indigenous Novel
Authors: Rocha Vivas Miguel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Los dolores de una raza: novela histórica de la vida real contemporánea del indio guajiro, one of the first novels in South America to be written by a self-described indigenous author. Since Los dolores de una raza is a forerunner novel that gives the reader an insider’s perspective on the internal conflicts and intercultural challenges of the Wayuu community in Colombia and Venezuela, this chapter examines related issues that are also present in other indigenous novels such as Sujuy k’iin/ Día sin mancha by the Yucatec Maya writer Marisol Ceh Moo, U yóok otilo’ob áak’ab/Danzas de la noche by the Yucatec Maya writer Isaac Esau Carrillo Can, Nu pama nzhogú/El eterno retorno by the Mazahua author Francisco Antonio León Cuervo, and Los ríos profundos by the Quechua Peruvian writer José María Arguedas.
Carlos Fuentes’s Narrative Universe
Authors: van Delden Maarten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines three aspects of Carlos Fuentes’s narrative oeuvre. First, it explores his approach to the relationship between the individual and the community. Fuentes inherited the modernist and existentialist preoccupation with the isolated individual; at the same time, his novels focus persistently on the relationship between self and other, and on our obligations to our fellow human beings. Second, the chapter explores the representation of geographic space in Fuentes’s novels, zeroing in on the depiction of Mexico City, various other Mexican cities and regions, and foreign countries including the United States, Spain, and France. Third, the chapter looks at two key literary influences on Fuentes: Octavio Paz and Pablo Neruda. From Paz, the Mexican novelist drew key ideas about Mexican history, culture, and identity. Neruda’s example led Fuentes to reflect on the relationship between the Latin American writer and the world to which he wished to give a voice.
Reportage, Testimony, and Biography in the Novels of Elena Poniatowska
Authors: Schuessler Michael K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Elena Poniatowska is the author of more than fifty books that encompass almost every literary genre, including the novel and its various forms: semi-autobiographical, biographical, epistolary, and testimonial. Despite her wide-ranging literary production, Poniatowska is best known for the journalistic genres she reinvented in Mexico, evoking comparison with the New Journalism of the 1960s, such as the chronicle and the group testimonial. This chapter explores both her reportage and the literary devices she uses in her works of fiction through a chronological discussion and analysis of some of her most relevant works. It also includes citations from original sources -particularly journalistic- that have not been provided in past studies.
Legacies of Jane Addams and W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: Clayton Obie , Hopps June Gary , Strickland Chris , Brown Shena Leverett 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter attempts to show how the traits of intellectual prowess, humanitarianism, the belief in social equality, and activism influenced and elevated the work of Jane Addams and W. E. B. Du Bois, forming the basis of an unconventional but consequential relationship. This chapter argues that their relationship was one characterized and confounded by a plethora of social and economic events tearing at the very fabric of the nation. These events spanned the apparent dimensions of race and gender in a society shifting from agrarian to industrial/urban dominance but were also accompanied by the turbulence of migration of children of former slaves, the tenacity of Jim Crow, the struggle of European immigrants, the influence of the progressives, the emergence of new social science disciplines (i.e., sociology, applied sociology, and social work), the campaign for women’s suffrage, and the beginning of African Americans’ first national social movement. It was against this backdrop that Addams and Du Bois forged their relationship: one based on intellectual and justice-based activities. We argue that these traits are essential for contemporary organizations to implement diversity and inclusion in their programmatic offerings successfully.
Blogging as Popular Scholarship
Authors: VanHandel Leigh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Blogging has become an increasingly common and popular way of disseminating information. However, academia has been slow to embrace blogging as a publication option, likely because blogging does not rely on the traditional process of peer review that other forms of academic scholarship require. This chapter discusses the rise of blogging as popular scholarship, highlighting blogs that have been successful at gaining a wide audience. It interrogates what constitutes scholarship, considering arguments both for and against considering blogs as scholarly writing. The chapter also discusses the potential advantages and disadvantages of blogging, suggests processes for evaluating blogs as scholarship in the hiring and reappointment, promotion, and tenure (RPT) process, and proposes how academia in general and the Society for Music Theory (SMT) in particular can provide support for blogging as an effective means of outreach and of making music theory research accessible to other scholars and the general public.
Paired-coil Measures
Authors: Hanajima Ritsuko , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Ugawa Yoshikazu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Effective connectivity between two areas of the human brain can be studied by testing the effects of conditioning stimulation at one site on the effect of test stimulation at another site by using two coils (dual coil, or paired-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)). TMS over the bilateral primary motor cortices (M1) induces interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) and weak interhemispheric facilitation (IHF), largely mediated by the corpus callosum. IHI consists of short-interval (~ 10 ms) IHI (SIHI) and long-interval (~ 50 ms) IHI (LIHI). Abnormalities of IHI have been identified in a variety of brain disorders. The cerebello-dentato-thalamo-motor cortical connection is studied with a conditioning stimulus over one cerebellar hemisphere and a test stimulus over the contralateral M1 at interstimulus intervals of 5–8 ms (cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI)). CBI is caused by inhibitory Purkinje cell activation by the cerebellar stimulus, which inhibits the dentato-thalamo-M1 facilitatory projection. Abnormally reduced CBI is a hallmark of disorders of the cerebello-dentato-thalamo-motor cortical connection. Sensory inputs from peripheral nerve stimulation also affect M1 excitability in the form of short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI, interstimulus interval ~ 20 ms) and long-latency afferent inhibition (LAI, interstimulus interval ~ 200 ms). SAI is a marker of central cholinergic function. SAI is reduced in disorders with central cholinergic dysfunction, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
The effect of community water fluoridation on dental caries in children and young people in England: an ecological study
Authors: Roberts David J , Massey Vicky , Morris John , Verlander Neville Q , Saei Ayoub , Young Nick , Makhani Semina , Wilcox David , Davies Gill , White Sandra , Leonardi Giovanni , Fletcher Tony , Newton John 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The protective effect of community water fluoridation (CWF) against dental caries may be modified by secular changes in health behaviour. We aimed to determine the contemporary association between fluoride in public water supplies (PWS) and dental caries indicators and inequalities in England.

Methods
We estimated exposure to CWF and PWS fluoride concentrations from national monitoring data, using Geographic Information Systems and water supply boundaries, categorizing mean period exposure into &lt;0.1, 0.1–&lt;0.2, 0.2–&lt;0.4, 0.4–&lt;0.7 and ≥0.7 mg/l. We used area-level health outcome and confounder data in multivariable regression models to determine the association between fluoride and caries outcomes and calculated preventive fractions using these coefficients.

Results
The odds of caries and of severe caries in 5-year-olds fell with increasing fluoride concentration in all SES quintiles (P &lt; 0.001 to P = 0.003). There was a negative trend between increasing fluoride concentration and dental extractions (P &lt; 0.001). Compared to PWS with &lt;0.2 mg/l, CWF prevented 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5–27%) to 28% (95% CI: 24–32%) of caries (high-low SES) and 56% (95% CI: 25–74%) of dental extractions. The association between fluoride concentration and caries prevalence/severity varied by socioeconomic status (SES) (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Exposure to fluoride in PWS appears highly protective against dental caries and reduces oral health inequalities.
Updated Living Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Trials of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Treat COVID-19: A Framework for Accelerated Synthesis of Trial Evidence for Rapid Approval—FASTER Approval
Authors: Kirkham Aidan M , Bailey Adrian J M , Monaghan Madeline , Shorr Risa , Lalu Manoj M , Fergusson Dean A , Allan David S 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may reduce mortality in patients with COVID-19; however, early evidence is based on few studies with marked interstudy heterogeneity. The second iteration of our living systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates a framework needed for synthesizing evidence from high-quality studies to accelerate consideration for approval.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted on November 15, 2021, to identify all English-language, full-text, and controlled clinical studies examining MSCs to treat COVID-19 (PROSPERO: CRD42021225431).FindingsEleven studies were identified (403 patients with severe and/or critical COVID-19, including 207 given MSCs and 196 controls). All 11 studies reported mortality and were pooled through random-effects meta-analysis. MSCs decreased relative risk of death at study endpoint (RR: 0.50 [95% CI, 0.34-0.75]) and RR of death at 28 days after treatment (0.19 [95% CI], 0.05-0.78) compared to controls. MSCs also decreased length of hospital stay (mean difference (MD: −3.97 days [95% CI, −6.09 to −1.85], n = 5 studies) and increased oxygenation levels at study endpoint compared to controls (MD: 105.62 mmHg O2 [95% CI, 73.9-137.3,], n = 3 studies). Only 2 of 11 studies reported on all International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria for MSC characterization. Included randomized controlled trials were found to have some concerns (n = 2) to low (n = 4) risk of bias (RoB), while all non-randomized studies were found to have moderate (n = 5) RoB.InterpretationOur updated living systematic review concludes that MSCs can likely reduce mortality in patients with severe or critical COVID-19. A master protocol based on our Faster Approval framework appears necessary to facilitate the more accelerated accumulation of high-quality evidence that would reduce RoB, improve consistency in product characterization, and standardize outcome reporting.