bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of plasma nitriding process on the corrosion behavior of GJS700 nodular cast iron
Authors: Azadi Mahboobeh , Parast Mohammad Sadegh Aghareb , Azadi Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of the plasma nitriding (PN) process on corrosion aspects of GJS700 nodular cast iron has been investigated. The gas ratio of N2:H2 was a variable parameter that changed the electrochemical properties of cast iron. Therefore, to study corrosion properties, Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and gravimetric experiments were utilized in two corrosive mediums. Moreover, for more details, the evaluation of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images plus the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis was performed. Results showed that plasma nitrided surfaces with the gas ratio of N2:H2 = 9:1 had the highest resistance in 0.6 M NaCl solution. EIS results also demonstrated that the increase in the corrosion resistance of nitrided surfaces was about 56%–86% compared to the cast iron without surface treatment. However, when nitrided surfaces were exposed to 1 M HCl solution, the PN process with both gas ratios was not an effective treatment to reduce the corrosion rate of cast iron. FESEM images showed that corrosion attacks such as pits, cracks, and corrosion products decreased significantly on surfaces with higher corrosion resistance. The weight loss measurements also depicted that specimens exhibited different corrosion behaviors in two utilized corrosive solutions. Consequently, the possible corrosion mechanism was suggested based on the obtained results.
Surface modification of wire-EDMed Ti6Al4V alloy by ultrasonic assisted magnetic abrasive finishing technique
Authors: Çelik Mahmut , Gürün Hakan , Çaydaş Ulaş 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to remove the white layer formed on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy as a result of Wire-Electro Discharge Machining by Magnetic Abrasive Finishing method. In the study, specimens were machined with W-EDM method under constant conditions and were machined at different levels of machining time, abrasive size, the number of revolutions and magnetic field parameters in UAMAF and MAF method. In the study in which Taguchi L18 experimental design was used, a total of 36 experiments were performed for MAF and UAMAF methods. The machined samples were examined by SEM and changes in white layer thickness were recorded. Statistical effects of processing parameters on white layer thickness were determined by the ANOVA method. As a result of the study, it was determined that the white layer thickness could decrease by 84% and 89% for the MAF and UAMAF methods, respectively. It has been also determined that ultrasonic support has a positive effect of 13.45% on average.
Recent developments in functional triboelectric nanogenerators for flame-retardant, human health, and energy-harvesting fields: a crucial review
Authors: Wang Ran , Ji Miaomiao , Jin Xin , Zhang Qiran , Jiao Tifeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the rational use and development of energy has become an important research direction. As a novel technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can effectively convert other energy from around the environment into electricity. TENGs have wide applicability due to their adjustable structures, but they are still limited to a certain extent in some special fields. For example, some special requirements for triboelectric materials need to be addressed when a TENG is applied in a high temperature environment, in water, in wind, or for human health. Therefore, this review introduces some TENGs applied in special environments, and provides a reference for the preparation and application of functional TENGs. It provides a new idea for the preparation of multifunctional TENGs and their wide application in various fields.
Gravastar configuration in non-conservative Rastall gravity
Authors: Majeed K , Abbas G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the present article, we have presented the exact solutions of gravastar with Kuchowicz metric potential in the background of non-conservative Rastall gravity. Within the context of Mazur-Mottola’s [1, 2] concept of Bose–Einstein condensation to gravitational systems, the grvastar structure consists of three layers: interior part, intermediate part (i.e., thin shell) and exterior part. All the gravastar’s exact solutions have been derived with the aid of Kuchowicz metric potential by considering isotropic matter distribution. For the thin shell (filled with ultra-relativistic stiff fluid) with different parameters like length, energy, entropy and surface redshift have been calculated, which show the stability of our proposed model. Interestingly, all the thin shell results are obtained without taking shell approximation i.e., 0 < e
−ν
≡ h ≪ 1. The exterior part, which is absolutely a vacuum is characterized by the Schwarzschild geometry and the interior part give output in the form of non-singular results. Generally, the main purpose of this work is to obtain the exact, non-singular, horizon free, stable model and we have achieved these goals in the presence of Rastall parameter.
Slow spin dynamics in a CoM2O4 A-site spinel (M=Al, Ga, and Rh)
Authors: Naka T , Nakane T , Valenta J , Mamiya H , Ishii S , Nakayama M , Abe H , Togashi T , Uchikoshi T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report thermomagnetic properties in magnetically frustrated A-site spinel magnets of CoAl2O4, CoRh2O4, and cluster glass CoGa2O4 to comprehensively show the proximity effects of the Néel-to-spin-spiral (NSS) transition, which is predicted theoretically to occur in a magnetically frustrated A-site spinel antiferromagnet. The low-temperature magnetic phase remains controversial since the magnetic state of CoAl2O4 is in the vicinity of the NSS transition derived by the inherent magnetic frustrated interaction for an A-site spinel magnet and is also considerably sensitive to crystallographic disorder. The antiferromagnetic and spin-glass transitions were detected by measuring the direct-current and alternating-current susceptibilities and also thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) developing below the magnetic transitions at the Néel point (T
N) and spin-glass transition temperature (T
SG). The relaxation rate and the temperature derivative of TRM were both enhanced at T
N and T
SG, and they decayed rapidly above and below the transitions. We succeeded in extracting the relaxation time τ and other characteristic parameters from the isothermal relaxation of TRM, which was well fitted with a non-exponential relaxation form formulated by Weron based on purely stochastic theory in order to describe the originally dielectric relaxation. For the typical CoRh2O4 normal spinel (inversion-free A site) antiferromagnet and the CoGa2O4 random spinel spin-glass, the temperature variations of these parameters can distinguish the magnetic states. In contrast to the cases for CoRh2O4 and CoGa2O4, an enhancement of the relaxation rate of TRM for CoAl2O4 is indicated at low temperatures, which is probably related to the suppression of long-range antiferromagnetic order revealed by neutron diffraction studies.
Review of parameterisation and a novel database (LiionDB) for continuum Li-ion battery models
Authors: Wang A A , O’Kane S E J , Brosa Planella F , Houx J Le , O’Regan K , Zyskin M , Edge J , Monroe C W , Cooper S J , Howey D A , Kendrick E , Foster J M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Doyle–Fuller–Newman (DFN) framework is the most popular physics-based continuum-level description of the chemical and dynamical internal processes within operating lithium-ion-battery cells. With sufficient flexibility to model a wide range of battery designs and chemistries, the framework provides an effective balance between detail, needed to capture key microscopic mechanisms, and simplicity, needed to solve the governing equations at a relatively modest computational expense. Nevertheless, implementation requires values of numerous model parameters, whose ranges of applicability, estimation, and validation pose challenges. This article provides a critical review of the methods to measure or infer parameters for use within the isothermal DFN framework, discusses their advantages or disadvantages, and clarifies limitations attached to their practical application. Accompanying this discussion we provide a searchable database, available at www.liiondb.com, which aggregates many parameters and state functions for the standard DFN model that have been reported in the literature.
Federated horizontally partitioned principal component analysis for biomedical applications
Authors: Hartebrodt Anne , Röttger Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Federated learning enables privacy-preserving machine learning in the medical domain because the sensitive patient data remain with the owner and only parameters are exchanged between the data holders. The federated scenario introduces specific challenges related to the decentralized nature of the data, such as batch effects and differences in study population between the sites. Here, we investigate the challenges of moving classical analysis methods to the federated domain, specifically principal component analysis (PCA), a versatile and widely used tool, often serving as an initial step in machine learning and visualization workflows. We provide implementations of different federated PCA algorithms and evaluate them regarding their accuracy for high-dimensional biological data using realistic sample distributions over multiple data sites, and their ability to preserve downstream analyses.

Results
Federated subspace iteration converges to the centralized solution even for unfavorable data distributions, while approximate methods introduce error. Larger sample sizes at the study sites lead to better accuracy of the approximate methods. Approximate methods may be sufficient for coarse data visualization, but are vulnerable to outliers and batch effects. Before the analysis, the PCA algorithm, as well as the number of eigenvectors should be considered carefully to avoid unnecessary communication overhead.

Availability and implementation
Simulation code and notebooks for federated PCA can be found at https://gitlab.com/roettgerlab/federatedPCA; the code for the federated app is available at https://github.com/AnneHartebrodt/fc-federated-pca

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Natural orifice versus transabdominal specimen extraction in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: meta-analysis
Authors: Brincat Svetlana Doris , Lauri Josef , Cini Charles 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) is a technique that involves collecting a specimen for extraction through a natural opening avoiding a mini-laparotomy incision. The aim of this study was to compare NOSE and transabdominal specimen extraction in laparoscopic (LAP) colorectal cancer surgery for postoperative outcomes and oncological safety.

Method
A systematic search was conducted in five electronic databases from inception till October 2020. Articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria (studies comparing LAP and NOSE colorectal surgeries reporting at least one of the outcomes) and analysed. Primary outcomes included postoperative complications, pathological results (resection margins and lymph node collection), and oncological outcomes. Secondary outcomes included operating time, blood losses, use of analgesics, functional recovery, duration of hospital stay, and cosmetic results. Fixed and random-effect models were used to measure the pooled estimates.

Results
Nineteen studies involving a total of 3432 participants were analysed (3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 16 retrospective non-randomized studies). Pooled results showed significantly reduced postoperative complications (OR 0.54; 95 per cent c.i. 0.44 to 0.67; P &lt; 0.00001). Pathological outcomes of NOSE were comparable to LAP with no significant difference noted in terms of resection margins (P &gt; 0.05) and lymph node collection (weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.47; 95 per cent c.i. −0.94 to 0; P = 0.05). Pooled analysis demonstrated comparable long-term outcomes in terms of cancer recurrence (OR 0.94; 95 per cent c.i. 0.63 to 1.39; P = 0.75), 5-year disease-free survival (HR 0.97; 95 per cent c.i. 0.73 to 1.29; P = 0.83), and overall survival (HR 0.93, 95 per cent c.i. 0.58 to −1.51; P = 0.78). Finally, the NOSE group had decreased use of additional analgesia after surgery and earlier resumption of oral intake when compared with LAP (respectively OR 0.28; 95 per cent c.i. 0.20 to 0.37; P &lt; 0.00001 and WMD −0.35; 95 per cent c.i. −0.54 to −0.15; P = 0.0005).

Conclusion
This meta-analysis showed that in comparison with LAP, NOSE decreases severe postoperative morbidity while improving postoperative recovery without compromising oncological safety, but it is limited by the small number of RCTs performed in this field.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Tolerance and Risk for Reinfection Among Escherichia coli Bloodstream Isolates: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lazarovits Gilad , Gefen Orit , Cahanian Noga , Adler Karen , Fluss Ronen , Levin-Reisman Irit , Ronin Irine , Motro Yair , Moran-Gilad Jacob , Balaban Nathalie Q , Strahilevitz Jacob 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Tolerance is the ability of bacteria to survive transient exposure to high concentrations of a bactericidal antibiotic without a change in the minimal inhibitory concentration, thereby limiting the efficacy of antimicrobials. The study sought to determine the prevalence of tolerance in a prospective cohort of E. coli bloodstream infection and to explore the association of tolerance with reinfection risk.

Methods
Tolerance, determined by the Tolerance Disk Test (TDtest), was tested in a prospective cohort of consecutive patient-unique E. coli bloodstream isolates and a collection of strains from patients who had recurrent blood cultures with E. coli (cohorts 1 and 2, respectively). Selected isolates were further analyzed using time-dependent killing and typed using whole-genome sequencing. Covariate data were retrieved from electronic medical records. The association between tolerance and reinfection was assessed by the Cox proportional-hazards regression and a Poisson regression models.

Results
In cohort 1, 8/94 isolates (8.5%) were tolerant. Using multivariate analysis, it was determined that the risk for reinfection in the patients with tolerant index bacteremia was significantly higher than for patients with a nontolerant strain, hazard ratio, 3.98 (95% confidence interval, 1.32–12.01). The prevalence of tolerance among cohort 2 was higher than in cohort 1, 6/21(28.6%) vs 8/94 (8.5%), respectively (P = .02).

Conclusions
Tolerant E. coli are frequently encountered among bloodstream isolates and are associated with an increased risk of reinfection. The TDtest appears to be a practicable approach for tolerance detection and could improve future patient management.
Strategic coupling and institutional innovation in times of upheavals: the industrial chain chief model in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Gong Huiwen , Hassink Robert , Wang Cassandra C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For regions that are deeply integrated into the global economy, the question of how to remain competitive and resilient in times of uncertainty is a key concern. While strategic coupling is a useful concept for understanding local-global economic dynamics, the idea that a region can simultaneously couple into multiple production networks organised at different spatial scales and that regional actors can increase their autonomy by creatively combining different coupling scenarios has been little explored. This paper explores how regional institutional innovations can facilitate such multiple couplings. We focus on the industrial chain chief model in China’s Zhejiang province, which emerged against the backdrop of the U.S.-China trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that this institutional innovation offers a different way of thinking for regions that have long been exposed to the influence of globalisation, and that it increases the agency of local actors in global production networks.
Regional assets and network switching: shifting geographies of ownership, control and capital in UK offshore oil
Authors: Bridge Gavin , Dodge Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Evolutionary approaches to strategic coupling show how regions harness and match assets, then negotiate their alignment with lead firms. For regions intersected by multiple networks in the same industry, however, the reconfiguration of network-territory relations can have aggregate, co-evolutionary effects that exceed coupling to a single lead firm. In such cases network switching rather than asset matching can be a primary driver of regional transformation, as assets transferred from one lead firm to another become embedded in qualitatively different production networks with contrasting power dynamics and logics of value capture. We analyse transformation in UK offshore oil to reveal three trajectories of change—in ownership, control, and capital—arising from the transfer of regional assets between different categories of lead firm; and identify simultaneous processes of globalisation and localisation in network geographies. We argue that network switching—guided by a heuristic of ‘re-territorialisation’—can complement strategic coupling.
Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased neurodevelopmental disorders in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Omann Camilla , Nyboe Camilla , Kristensen Rasmus , Ernst Andreas , Ramlau-Hansen Cecilia Høst , Rask Charlotte , Tabor Ann , Gaynor J. William , Hjortdal Vibeke E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Our primary aim was to examine whether exposure to pre-eclampsia increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children born with congenital heart disease (CHD). Our secondary aim was to evaluate whether CHD and pre-eclampsia may act in synergy and potentiate this risk.

Method and results
Using population-based registries, we included all Danish children born with CHD between 1994 and 2017. Non-singletons and children born with a syndrome were excluded. Neurodevelopmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and tic disorders were identified with the use of the 10th edition of International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes DF80–DF98. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we estimated the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children with CHD exposed to pre-eclampsia compared with those with CHD not exposed to pre-eclampsia. The population consisted of 11 449 children born with CHD. Children exposed to pre-eclampsia had an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, hazard ratio: 1.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.39–2.42). Furthermore, a comparison cohort of 113 713 children with no CHD diagnoses were included. Using cumulative incidence analyses with death as competing risk, we compared the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders if exposed to pre-eclampsia among children with CHD and children without CHD. Exposure to pre-eclampsia drastically increased the cumulative incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children born with CHD.

Conclusion
Exposure to pre-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children born with CHD. CHD and pre-eclampsia may act in synergy and potentiate this effect. Clinicians should therefore be especially attentive to neurodevelopmental problems in this vulnerable subgroup.
Predictors of Receipt of Comprehensive Medication Reviews in Older Adults
Authors: Coe Antoinette B , Farris Karen B , Solway Erica , Singer Dianne C , Kirch Matthias , Kullgren Jeffrey T , Malani Preeti N , Bynum Julie P W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Polypharmacy is highly prevalent among older adults. This study’s purpose was to provide nationally representative estimates of self-reported comprehensive medication review (CMR) receipt among older adults and describe factors associated with their receipt, as CMRs are available through the Medicare Part D program.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the National Poll on Healthy Aging (NPHA), a nationally representative online survey of community-dwelling adults aged 50–80, administered in December 2019. Participants included older adults aged 65-80 with any health insurance (n = 960). Outcomes were self-reported CMR receipt, awareness of CMR insurance coverage, and interest in a future CMR with a pharmacist. Sociodemographic and health-related variables were included. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression with NPHA population sampling weights were used.

Results
Among older adults on 2 or more prescription medications, only 20.8% had received a CMR while 34.3% were interested in a future CMR. Among individuals who had not received a CMR, most (83.4%) were unaware their insurance might cover a CMR. Factors associated with higher odds of receiving a CMR included taking 5 or more prescription medications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.59–4.38) and reporting food insecurity (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.07–7.93). Having fair or poor self-reported physical health was associated with lower odds of receiving a CMR (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25–0.97).

Conclusions
Most older adults on 2 or more prescription medications with health insurance had not received a CMR and many were interested in one. Targeted strategies to increase older adults’ awareness and receipt of CMRs are warranted.
Iatrogenesis in the Context of Residential Dementia Care: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Morris Patricia , McCloskey Rose , Bulman Donna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This concept analysis aims to explore iatrogenesis within the context of residential dementia care and to distinguish this phenomenon from similar phenomena, such as abuse and inadvertent harm.

Research Design and Methods
Walker and Avant’s method for concept analysis was used to define critical attributes of iatrogenesis within residential dementia care, and to explore antecedents and consequences of its occurrence. A review of the literature about iatrogenesis in the context of residential dementia was conducted across 4 electronic databases. Texts about iatrogenesis in surgery, medicine, social work, psychology, and other relevant disciplines were also reviewed to provide additional context for the concept.

Results
Iatrogenesis takes a unique form in residential dementia care. The final definition of the concept proposed in this article is habituated, forceful, hands-on care provided to residents who exhibit responsive behaviors that result in emotional, physical, spiritual, social harm, and/or gradual functional decline, that is provided with the intention of supporting the resident’s safety and dignity.

Discussion and Implications
The definition of iatrogenesis proposed in this article is an initial step toward developing evidence-based practice for the provision of nonconsensual assistance in residential dementia care. A theoretical definition like the one proposed in this article may serve as a starting point for the operationalization of the concept, which would promote future empirical research into staff and residents’ experiences of health care-inflicted harms in this context. Theoretically, it contributes to critical conversations about the narratives, myths, and misperceptions that facilitate the provision of nonconsensual care.