bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of H2 Plasma Modification on the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance of MoS2
Authors: Hu Jue , Zhang Chengxu 
Published: January 2022

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is the cathodic half reaction of electrocatalytic water splitting and is thus highly desirable to power the "hydrogen-based economy". Earth-abundant MoS2 has emerged as a promising HER catalyst with high electrocatalytic activity and stability due to its unique physical and chemical properties (1, 2). In the electronic structure of MoS2, the orbitals of HOMO states are mainly localized at the edged S sites, so that the localized electrons are mainly at the edge of MoS2 for charge exchange of proton (3). Extensive efforts have been devoted to developing MoS2 nanostructures to maximize the number of active edge sites, but little attention has been paid to activating the MoS2 basal planar structure. In this work, we used the H2 plasma modification to engineer the planar S-vacancies of MoS2 for enhancing the HER kinetics. Moreover, controlled plasma exposure time has been designed to explore the influence of H2 plasma on the HER performance of MoS2 catalysts. Our experimental results show that the S/Mo atomic ratios decrease with increase the H2 plasma exposure time (Figure 1a). More importantly, the HER performance is becoming better after H2 plasma modification (Figure 1b). the MoS2 H2-plasma 1200s catalyst exhibits a boosted HER activity with the overpotential as low as 92 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm2 and striking turnover frequency per surface Mo atom (TOF) as 0.0044 s-1, better than most reported MoS2-based catalysts (Figure 1c and d).
Figure Caption
Figure 1. (a) Atomic ratio of S/Mo for MoS2 samples as the function of H2 plasma exposure time. (b) Polarization curves of H2 plasma treated MoS2 catalysts in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. (c) Overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 and (d) TOF of the H2 plasma treated MoS2 catalysts.

References

X. Huang, Z. Zeng, H. Zhang, Metal dichalcogenide nanosheets: preparation, properties and applications. Chem. Soc. Rev.
42, 1934-1946 (2013).

H. T. Wang et al., Electrochemical tuning of vertically aligned MoS2 nanofilms and its application in improving hydrogen evolution reaction. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
110, 19701-19706 (2013).

J. Hu et al., Engineering stepped edge surface structures of MoS2 sheet stacks to accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction. Energy Environ. Sci.
10, 593-603 (2017).

Figure 1
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Functionalized Scaffolds for the Recruitment of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteochondral Repair
Authors: Luo Yuan , Cao Xiaodong , Chen Junfeng , Gu Jianwei , Yu Hao , Sun Junying , Zou Jun 
Published: January 2022

Cartilage regeneration is still a challenge for clinicians because of avascularity, denervation, load-bearing, synovial movement, and the paucity of endogenous repair cells. We constructed a multilayered osteochondral bionic scaffold and examined its repair capacity using a rabbit osteochondral defect model. The cartilage phase and interface layer of the scaffold were prepared by freeze-drying, whereas the bone phase of the scaffold was prepared by high-temperature sintering. The three-phase osteochondral bionic scaffold was formed by joining the hydroxyapatite (HAp) and silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds using the repeated freeze-thaw method. Different groups of scaffolds were implanted into the rabbit osteochondral defect model, and their repair capacities were assessed using imaging and histological analyses. The cartilage phase and the interface layer of the scaffold had a pore size of

110.13
±
29.38

and

96.53
±
33.72

μ
m

, respectively. All generated scaffolds exhibited a honeycomb porous structure. The polydopamine- (PDA-) modified scaffold released platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for 4 weeks continuously, reaching a cumulative release of

71.74
±
5.38
%

. Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) adhered well to all scaffolds, but demonstrated the strongest proliferation ability in the HSPP (HAp-Silk-PDA-PDGF) group. Following scaffold-induced chondrogenic differentiation, SMSCs produced much chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM). In in vivo experiments, the HSPP group exhibited a significantly higher gross tissue morphology score and achieved cartilage regeneration at an earlier stage and a significantly better repair process compared with the other groups (

P
<
0.05

). Histological analysis revealed that the new cartilage tissue in the experimental group had a better shape and almost filled the defect area, whereas the scaffold was nearly completely degraded. The new cartilage was effectively fused with the surrounding normal cartilage, and a substantial amount of chondrocyte ECM was formed. The SF/HAp three-layer osteochondral bionic scaffold exhibited favorable pore size, porosity, and drug sustained-release properties. It demonstrated good biocompatibility in vitro and encouraging repair effect at osteochondral defect site in vivo, thereby expected to enabling the repair and regeneration of osteochondral damage.
Cyst(e)inase–Rapamycin Combination Induces Ferroptosis in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Kerimoglu Baris , Lamb Candice , McPherson Ryan D. , Ergen Ergul , Stone Everett M. , Ooi Aikseng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas associated with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) are notoriously aggressive and represent the leading cause of death among patients with HLRCC. To date, a safe and effective standardized therapy for this tumor type is lacking. Here we show that the engineered synthetic therapeutic enzyme, Cyst(e)inase, when combined with rapamycin, can effectively induce ferroptosis in HLRCC cells in vivo. The drug combination promotes lipid peroxidation to a greater degree than cysteine deprivation or Cyst(e)inase treatment alone, while rapamycin treatment alone does not induce ferroptosis. Mechanistically, Cyst(e)inase induces ferroptosis by depleting the exogenous cysteine/cystine supply, while rapamycin reduces cellular ferritin level by promoting ferritins' destruction via ferritinophagy. Since both Cyst(e)inase and rapamycin are well tolerated clinically, the combination represents an opportunity to exploit ferroptosis induction as a cancer management strategy. Accordingly, using a xenograft mouse model, we showed that the combination treatment resulted in tumor growth suppression without any notable side effects. In contrast, both Cyst(e)inase only and rapamycin only treatment groups failed to induce a significant change when compared with the vehicle control group. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of Cyst(e)inase–rapamycin combination in inducing ferroptotic cell death in vivo, supporting the potential translation of the combination therapy into clinical HLRCC management.
Tumor ENPP1 (CD203a)/Haptoglobin Axis Exploits Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Promote Post-Radiotherapy Local Recurrence in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ruiz-Fernández de Córdoba Borja , Moreno Haritz , Valencia Karmele , Perurena Naiara , Ruedas Pablo , Walle Thomas , Pezonaga-Torres Alberto , Hinojosa Juan , Guruceaga Elisabet , Pineda-Lucena Antonio , Abengózar-Muela Marta , Cochonneau Denis , Zandueta Carolina , Martínez-Canarias Susana , Teijeira Álvaro , Ajona Daniel , Ortiz-Espinosa Sergio , Morales Xabier , Ortiz de Solórzano Carlos , Santisteban Marta , Ramos-García Luis I. , Guembe Laura , Strnad Vratislav , Heymann Dominique , Hervás-Stubbs Sandra , Pío Rubén , Rodríguez-Ruiz María E. , de Andrea Carlos E. , Vicent Silvestre , Melero Ignacio , Lecanda Fernando , Martínez-Monge Rafael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Locoregional failure (LRF) in patients with breast cancer post-surgery and post-irradiation is linked to a dismal prognosis. In a refined new model, we identified ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1/CD203a (ENPP1) to be closely associated with LRF. ENPP1hi circulating tumor cells (CTC) contribute to relapse by a self-seeding mechanism. This process requires the infiltration of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Genetic and pharmacologic ENPP1 inhibition or NET blockade extends relapse-free survival. Furthermore, in combination with fractionated irradiation, ENPP1 abrogation obliterates LRF. Mechanistically, ENPP1-generated adenosinergic metabolites enhance haptoglobin (HP) expression. This inflammatory mediator elicits myeloid invasiveness and promotes NET formation. Accordingly, a significant increase in ENPP1 and NET formation is detected in relapsed human breast cancer tumors. Moreover, high ENPP1 or HP levels are associated with poor prognosis. These findings unveil the ENPP1/HP axis as an unanticipated mechanism exploited by tumor cells linking inflammation to immune remodeling favoring local relapse.

Significance:
CTC exploit the ENPP1/HP axis to promote local recurrence post-surgery and post-irradiation by subduing myeloid suppressor cells in breast tumors. Blocking this axis impairs tumor engraftment, impedes immunosuppression, and obliterates NET formation, unveiling new opportunities for therapeutic intervention to eradicate local relapse and ameliorate patient survival.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1171
Improving the Affordability of Anticancer Medicines Demands Evidence-Based Policy Solutions
Authors: Franzen Nora , Romagnoli Giorgia , Ziegler Andreas , Retèl Valesca P. , Offerman Theo J.S. , van Harten Wim H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The high cost of many new anticancer medicines significantly impedes breakthrough discoveries from reaching patients. A commonly heard refrain is that high prices are necessary to compensate for the high costs of research and development (R&D). Yet, there are promising policy proposals aimed at improving affordability without compromising innovation. In seeking new policy solutions, we argue for a shift away from entrenched opinion toward an evidence-based discourse that is grounded in experiments and real-world pilot studies. We offer a novel perspective and practical recommendations on how empirical evidence could and should be gathered to inform evidence-based policy interventions that lead to sustainable medicine prices in oncology.
See related article by Franzen et al. (Cancer Res Commun 2022;2:39–47) .
Thalamocortical contribution to flexible learning in neural systems
Authors: Wang Mien Brabeeba , Halassa Michael M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnimal brains evolved to optimize behavior in dynamic environments, flexibly selecting actions that maximize future rewards in different contexts. A large body of experimental work indicates that such optimization changes the wiring of neural circuits, appropriately mapping environmental input onto behavioral outputs. A major unsolved scientific question is how optimal wiring adjustments, which must target the connections responsible for rewards, can be accomplished when the relation between sensory inputs, action taken, and environmental context with rewards is ambiguous. The credit assignment problem can be categorized into context-independent structural credit assignment and context-dependent continual learning. In this perspective, we survey prior approaches to these two problems and advance the notion that the brain’s specialized neural architectures provide efficient solutions. Within this framework, the thalamus with its cortical and basal ganglia interactions serves as a systems-level solution to credit assignment. Specifically, we propose that thalamocortical interaction is the locus of meta-learning where the thalamus provides cortical control functions that parametrize the cortical activity association space. By selecting among these control functions, the basal ganglia hierarchically guide thalamocortical plasticity across two timescales to enable meta-learning. The faster timescale establishes contextual associations to enable behavioral flexibility, while the slower one enables generalization to new contexts.
Categorical Mistakes: Antifascism in Public Discourse and Transnational Biography
Authors: Wegewitz Markus 
Published: January 2022

This essay examines some of the recent tendencies to delegitimize antifascism both as a political phenomenon and as a topic of historical research. In German academia and beyond, this “antiantifascist” current operates according to notions of communist contamination. To counter these narratives, I propose to look at the plurality of antifascism, its various continuities and the personal experiences of its historical agents. In particular, I make my case exploring the transnational biography of the Dutch journalist Nicolaas Rost.
Damage investigation of cross-ply flax/epoxy composite under impact fatigue
Authors: Hadj-Mihoub-Sidi-Moussa Youcef , Azouaoui Krimo , Assarar Mustapha , Zouari Wajdi , Ayad Rezak , Cesbron Mathias 
Published: January 2022

This paper aims at studying the damage evolution of a [0/90]3S cross-ply flax/epoxy laminate repeatedly impacted at three energy levels of 5, 6 and 7 J. Several specimen plates were prepared by the vacuum infusion technique and then subjected to repeated low-velocity impacts. To assess external damage mechanisms in the impacted plates, an inspection of the back and front faces damage was conducted by using a high-resolution digital reflex camera. Moreover, different techniques were used to evaluate the internal damage such as intensive light exposure, infrared thermal imaging, and computed X-ray tomography. The obtained results show that damage is visible even at low energy level and starts to appear from the first impacts, especially in the back face of the flax/epoxy samples. In addition, after front and back faces cracks appear, delamination is the most predominant damage mechanism that occurs during the different phases of impact fatigue loading. Its size is found to extend with the energy level and the multiplication of impacts.
Enhanced stress concentration sensitivity of SiCp/Al composite with network architecture
Authors: Gao Xiang , Zhang Xuexi , Qian Mingfang , Li Aibin , Wang Guisong , Geng Lin , Peng Hua-Xin 
Published: January 2022

For network architecture design, stress concentration sensitivity caused by particle shape may change, which is rarely studied. Here, the particle shape dependent stress concentration and its effect on the deformation, fracture, and mechanical properties were investigated. Three particle shapes including hexahedron, twenty-six face polyhedron, and sphere were utilized to generate different stress distribution states in the matrix. A numerical composite model showing network architecture (like grain boundary) was applied. A strong correlation between particle shape, stress concentration factor ( R SiC), and mechanical properties of network composite was built. The particle shape affected the load-bearing capability due to the stress concentration state generated at particle edges. Near the yield point, hexahedron particle wall parallel to the load direction (PaW) was more effective in carrying loads (∼1000 MPa) than that of twenty-six face polyhedron (750–1000 MPa) and sphere (600–1000 MPa) particles. In network composites reinforced by different shape particles, the main crack always initiated in perpendicular network walls (PeW), but propagated along different paths: in Al matrix for hexahedron particle, along macro-interface of SiC/Al–Al for twenty-six face polyhedron particle, and in PeW for sphere particle. Such crack propagation manners contributed to the different elongations of network composites by various particle shapes: sphere > twenty-six face polyhedron > hexahedron particles. Selection of round particle and adjustment of local volume fraction improved elongation with a sacrifice of modulus and strength.
Statistical and numerical approaches of particulate reinforced polymers and their effect on the interlocking effect of hybrid composite joints
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Aluizio H , Ribeiro Filho Sergio Luiz M , Ribeiro Filipe José V , Campos Rubio Juan Carlos , Tonatto Maikson LP , Thomas Carlos , Scarpa Fabrizio , Panzera Tulio H 
Published: January 2022

Full factorial designs are conducted to identify the effects of the incorporation of microparticles of silica, Portland cement and carbon laminate wastes (carbon microfibres (CMF)), at 3, 6 and 9 wt% levels, on the mechanical performance of epoxy polymers and single carbon fibre joints at two grammage levels (200 and 600 g/m2). Particulate reinforced polymers (PRP) are characterised in tensile, compression, three-point bending and impact tests to better assess the influence of particles in the interlaminar region of hybrid composites composed of fibres and particles. The single joint test is performed to verify the presence of shear locking effect using particles between laminae. Compressive strength and modulus of PRPs increase when 3 wt% CMFs are added, revealing the most efficient level. The apparent shear strength is higher in composite joints made with 600 g/m2 grammage and CMF particles, promising reinforcement mechanisms for hybrid composites.
#Instacomparison: Social Comparison and Envy as Correlates of Exposure to Instagram and Cyberbullying Perpetration
Authors: Villanueva-Moya Laura , Herrera M. Carmen , Sánchez-Hernández M. Dolores , Expósito Francisca 
Published: January 2022

Instagram is a popular social networking site (SNS) among adolescents that allows them to share visual content about their lives quickly and easily, increasing social connection, acceptation, and entertainment among others. Nevertheless, SNS exposure can also lead to negative counterparts such as judgments, envy, social comparison, or cyberbullying perpetration. This research aimed to analyze the possible psychosocial factors associated with Instagram use (i.e., social comparison and envy) that could lead to the perpetration of cyberbullying towards peers. The sample consisted of 254 adolescent students aged between 15 and 18 years old ( Mage = 15.77, SD = 0.74). The results indicated that high connection time to Instagram, high levels of social comparison, and malicious envy were associated with an increased tendency to carry out cyberbullying perpetration’s behaviors. Likewise, the main finding showed that a high connection time to Instagram was associated with increased social comparison, which in turn was associated with malicious envy, and consequently with an increased tendency to carry out cyberbullying perpetration’s behaviors. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the psychosocial processes that might precede to perpetrate cyberbullying’s behaviors, as well as to promote the development of educational programs intend to encourage the responsible use of SNSs during adolescence.
Use of N-Acetylcysteine at high doses as an oral treatment for patients hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Izquierdo José Luis , Soriano Joan B , González Yolanda , Lumbreras Sara , Ancochea Julio , Echeverry Christian , Rodríguez José Miguel 
Published: January 2022

Infection by SARS-CoV-2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be associated with serious and life-threatening conditions, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Severity and mortality have been related to a cytokine storm, an imbalance of oxidative stress, and a pro-thrombotic state. We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study from a community-based large population of hospitalized COVID-19 PCR + patients admitted from March 01, 2020, to January 24, 2021, with integrated primary to tertiary care information in Castilla la Mancha, Spain. We explored the potential benefits of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administered orally in high doses (600 mg every 8 h), added to standard of care in COVID-19 patients by using the free text information contained in their electronic health records (EHRs). Out of 19,208 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 hospitalized, we studied 2071 (10.8%) users of oral NAC at high doses. COVID-19 patients treated with NAC were older, predominantly male, and with more comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and COPD when compared with those not on NAC (all p < 0.05). Despite greater baseline risk, use of NAC in COVID-19 patients was associated with significantly lower mortality (OR 0.56; 95%CI 0.47–0.67), a finding that remained significant in a multivariate analysis adjusting by baseline characteristics and concomitant use of corticosteroids. There were no significant differences with the use of NAC on the mean duration of hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit or use of invasive mechanical ventilation. The observed association signaling to better relevant outcomes in COVID-19 patients treated with NAC at high doses should be further explored in other settings and populations and in randomized controlled trials.
Three forms of philosophical theatre in Kierkegaard’s Journals and Notebooks
Authors: Dalton Stuart 
Published: January 2022

I argue that Kierkegaard’s Journals and Notebooks deserve to be read as works of philosophy and not just used as supplements to bring order and respectability to Kierkegaard’s other writings. There are at least three specific philosophical values in Kierkegaard’s journals – three ways in which the journals create philosophy within their own pages and therefore deserve to be read as independent works of philosophy and not just as supplements to Kierkegaard’s other writing: (1) The journals demonstrate what a true work of existential philosophy looks like. (2) The journals contribute to Kierkegaard’s theory of indirect communication. (3) The journals create new philosophical concepts. All three of these are best understood as philosophical performances or a kind of philosophical theatre. The idea that philosophy can be a kind of theatre is inspired by the work of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, particularly their book What is Philosophy? I draw from Deleuze and Guattari especially in section (3) to argue that Kierkegaard’s Journals create new philosophical concepts.
Value of multiphase computed tomography for gastrointestinal bleeding before endovascular treatment in hemodynamically unstable patients
Authors: Lee Hyoung Nam , Cho Youngjong , Lee Sangjoon , Park Sung-Joon 
Published: January 2022

Background There has been no practice-based study regarding the multiphase computed tomography (CT) before endovascular treatment in hemodynamically unstable gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and concerns exist regarding the time delay. Purpose To evaluate the clinical efficacy of multiphase CT before endovascular treatment in hemodynamically unstable GIB and to investigate the predictors of angiographic localization and recurrent bleeding. Material and Methods The multicenter retrospective study included 93 consecutive hemodynamically unstable patients who underwent conventional angiography for non-variceal GIB after failed endoscopic localization. Enrolled patients were divided into a CT group (n = 61) and a non-CT group (n = 32). Results The clinical characteristics did not differ between the two groups except for the time to angiography (CT group, 14.8±15.1 h; non-CT group, 9.2±11.7 h, P = 0.022). The rate of angiographic localization was significantly higher in the CT group than in the non-CT group only for lower GIB ( P = 0.049). Indirect sign was significantly more frequent in the CT group than in the non-CT group ( P = 0.014). CT localization was positive predictor (odd ratio [OR] = 7.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1–27.94; P = 0.002) and prolonged time to angiography was negative predictor (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.9– 0.98; P = 0.001) for angiographic localization. A higher systolic blood pressure until index angiography (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91–1; P = 0.044) was associated with a reduced risk of recurrent bleeding. Conclusion In hemodynamically unstable patients, multiphase CT is particularly useful for angiographic localization of lower GIB. It should be considered immediately after failed endoscopic hemostasis to reduce time to angiography.