bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management effectiveness evaluation of world cultural landscape heritage: a case from China
Authors: Zhou Jiami , Wang Wenhui , Zhou Jianqin , Zhang Zhuting , Lu Zixian , Gong Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
World cultural landscape heritage (WCLH), recognized as a combination of cultural relics and natural landscapes with outstanding significance and universal value, is unique in terms of its differentiation from the deliberate human creativity of general cultural heritage and the “deartificialization” of natural heritage. To date, the management of WCLH has become increasingly standardized. However, with the prevalence of heritage resource development activities such as heritage tourism, the phenomenon of “urbanization”, “commercialization”, “artificialization” and other issues have gradually emerged in WCLH sites. Thus, the management issues of WCLH have become increasingly serious, leading to intense concerns about the unsustainable development of WCLH. Drawing inspirations from management effectiveness (ME) evaluation research of protected areas and acknowledging the uniqueness of WCLH, this study constructs a WCLH ME evaluation system consisting of four general criteria (management foundation, management system, management measures and management performance), 16 factors and 34 indicators. The evaluation system is applied and verified through an empirical study of five existing WCLH sites in China. The empirical results show that the ME of Chinese WCLH is at a “good” level. Specifically, the management of Chinese WCLH is overall impressive in indicators of management planning, heritage protection performance and economic performance but shows deficiency in indicators of protection fees, management infrastructure, management assessment, management institution, social performance, etc. Finally, this study discusses the management issues of respective heritage sites to provide suggestions and inspirations for the development, protection and management of the sites and other cultural landscapes in China and even the world.
Seed viability testing for research and conservation of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids
Authors: Pradhan Namrata , Fan Xuli , Martini Francesco , Chen Huayang , Liu Hong , Gao Jiangyun , Goodale Uromi Manage 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeed viability testing is essential in plant conservation and research. Seed viability testing determines the success ofex-situconservation efforts, such as seed banking but commonly testing protocols of orchids lack consistency and accuracy, therefore, there is a need to select an appropriate and reliable viability test, especially when conducting comparative studies. Here, we evaluated the suitability of three seed viability tests, Evans blue test (EB), Fluorescein diacetate test (FDA) and Tetrazolium test (TTC), with and without sterilization, on seeds of 20 orchid species, which included five epiphytes and fifteen terrestrials, using both fresh seeds and seeds stored at − 18 ºC for 6 to 8 years.ResultsWe found that sterilization and lifeform of seeds affected seed viability across all tests but the storage time was not an influential factor. Sterilization negatively affected seed viability under EB and FDA test conditions but increased the detection of viable seeds in the TTC test in both epiphytic and terrestrial species. The EB test, when administered without sterilization provided the highest viability results. Being non-enzymatic unlike TTC and FDA tests, as expected, the EB test was the most reliable with similar results between sterilized and not sterilized seeds for most epiphytic and terrestrial species as well as when compared between groups.ConclusionsThe lifeform of the species and seed sterilization prior to testing are important influential factors in orchid seed viability testing. Since EB test was found to be reliable we recommend the EB test for seed viability assessment in orchids rather than the less reliable but commonly used TTC test, or the FDA test, which require more expensive and sophisticated instrumentation. Since storage time was not an influential factor in orchid seed viability testing, the recommendations of this study can be used for both fresh as well as long-term stored orchid seeds. This is helpful for research and especially for conservation measures such as seed banking. However, due to the species specificity of the bio-physiology of orchids, we call for comprehensive viability test assessment in the hyper diverse orchid family to be extended to a greater number of species to facilitate efficient conservation and research.
Long term results of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration switched from other anti-VEGF agents to intravitreal Aflibercept
Authors: Adrean Sean D. , Knight Darren , Chaili Siyang , Ramkumar Hema L. , Pirouz Ash , Grant Scott 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This study explores the long term anatomic and functional results of patients who were switched to intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAI) after being initially managed with other anti-VEGF agents for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods
Patients with nAMD were included if they started with another anti-VEGF agent and were switched to IAI. Subjects had at least 3 years of consistent therapy with IAI and at least 1 injection quarterly.

Results
Eighty-eight patients had at least 3 years of treatment while 58 of those patients, had at least 4 years of IAI. Average treatment time with other anti-VEGF agents was 32 months prior to switching. Baseline best corrected vision (VA) was 59.4 letters (20/70 + 2). At time of switch, VA increased significantly to 66.7 letters (20/50 + 2). At 3 months after switch, VA increased significantly to 69.0 (20/40−) letters. After 3 years of consistent IAI, vision was 67.5 letters (20/40−2), and for those patients that completed 4 years of therapy, the average VA was 66.0 letters (20/50 + 2), with a gain of 6.6 letters over baseline vision. 32.1% of patients gained 3 or more lines of vision. Initial central macular thickness (CMT) was 369 µm, which improved to 347 µm at time of switch, and further improved at 3 months to 301 µm and was maintained over time.

Conclusion
Patients switched to IAI can maintain vision over the long term. Patients treated on average for 5.7 years, had a visual gain of 8.1 letters after 3 years and 6.6 letters after 4 years of IAI therapy. CMT significantly improved following the switch and was maintained.
Teachers’ digital competencies in higher education: a systematic literature review
Authors: Basilotta-Gómez-Pablos Verónica , Matarranz María , Casado-Aranda Luis-Alberto , Otto Ana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDigital competence has gained a strong prominence in the educational context, being one of the key competencies that teachers must master in today's society. Although most models and frameworks focus on the pre-university level, there is a growing interest in knowing the state of digital competencies of university teachers, that is, the set of knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for a teacher to make effective use of technologies. The aim of this research is to present a systematic review of the literature in the Web of Science and Scopus, to identify, analyze and classify the published articles between 2000 and 2021 on digital competences, and thus find and improve the research being done on digital skills and future avenues of teachers in the university context. The SciMAT software is used in the analysis. The initial search reveals more than 343 articles in English, of which 152 are duplicates and 135 are not related to the topic of study. After this filtering, 56 articles are obtained and analyzed in depth. The results reveal a predominance of research that focuses on analyzing teachers' self-assessment and reflection of their digital competencies. Teachers recognize that they have a low or medium–low digital competence, as well as the absence of certain competencies, especially those related to the evaluation of educational practice. Despite the multiple studies that address this issue, it is necessary to continue improving research in this area, deepening the assessment of teachers' digital competencies and design, on this basis, more practical and personalized training programs that respond to the needs of teachers in the digital era.
The impact of imaging time and contrast agent dose on screening for osteoporosis with contrast-enhanced CT
Authors: Woisetschläger Mischa , Klintström Eva , Spångeus Anna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Screening for osteoporosis with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is promising for identifying high-risk osteoporotic patients. Our aims were (1) to investigate the estimated volume bone mineral density (vBMD) change over time after contrast injection (CT perfusion imaging, CTPI); and (2) to examine the influence of contrast dose on vBMD.

Methods
Fifteen patients, aged 71 ± 9 years (mean ± standard deviation, range 55–86) underwent a CTPI examination (28 scans within 63 s) of the upper body followed (after a waiting time of 10 min) by a full 4-phase CT examination (4 scans within 4 min). The contrast dose for CTPI was 0.38–0.83 mL/kg, and for 4-phase CT was 0.87–1.29 mL/kg. Vertebrae L1–L3 were analysed totalling 43 vertebrae, using Mindways qCT Pro.

Results
After contrast injection, vBMD showed a near-horizontal line until 17.5 s (non-contrast phase), followed by a steep increase 17.5–41.5 s after contrast injection, i.e., in the arterial phase, which plateaued 41.5 s after, i.e., in the early venous phase. A higher contrast dose per kg yielded significantly higher vBMD increase in both the arterial and venous phase (p < 0.003).

Conclusions
Both time from contrast administration and contrast dose per kg affected vBMD results. In arterial phase, the steepness of the curve makes vBMD estimation unsure. However, as values plateaued in the venous phase it might be possible to predict the correct vBMD values. Furthermore, contrast dose is a factor that needs to be adjusted for when using such a formula.
Prostatic adenocarcinoma with a peculiar morphology – a rare case of pseudohyperplastic variant with inverted polarity
Authors: Athanazio Daniel Abensur , de Souza Maiara Ferreira , Pompeu do Amaral Maria Estela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The inverted (hobnail) variant of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) has been reported in two previous series and one case of inverted polarity in invasive adenocarcinoma has been reported. We reported an additional case of invasive carcinoma with this peculiar morphology.

Case presentation
We reported an additional case of invasive carcinoma with this peculiar morphology. A prostatectomy specimen of a 64-year-old patient showed a GG2 adenocarcinoma with extensive intraprostatic perineural infiltration and extraprostatic extension. Half of the entire tumor showed a distinctive inverted morphology.

Conclusion
Although pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma is believed to be a low-grade tumor to be graded as Gleason pattern 3, awareness of this morphology is important to collect more information on its biologic behavior and clinical implication.
Biocatalytic degradation of selected tobacco chemicals from mainstream cigarette smoke using Croton megalocarpus seed husk biochar
Authors: Maiyo Alfayo K. , Kibet Joshua K. , Kengara Fredrick O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Mainstream cigarette smoke contains a complex array of toxic chemicals which can cause irreparable harm to the lungs and most organs in the biological landscape. Attempts to reduce harmful by-products in mainstream cigarette smoke have received little attention although various researchers have proposed the use of catalysts, zeolites and filter modifications. In this study, the bio-degradation of selected tobacco chemicals in a commercial cigarette (MM-R) and a local cigarette (RR-M) is investigated.

Methodology
Croton megalocarpus (C. megalocarpus) seed husk was ground into powder before pyrolysis at 550 °C to form biochar. The cigarette filter was treated with C. megalocarpus seed husk biochar as an adsorbent in order to degrade tobacco chemicals such as benzene and phenol. Specially designed smoking apparatus consistent with standard procedures for cigarette smoking was used to simulate cigarette smoking. Model tobacco chemicals—benzene and phenol—were characterized using low-resolution electron impact mass spectra on a liquid chromatograph hyphenated to a mass spectrometer. The overall concentration of tobacco chemicals with puff time was screened using a UV–visible spectrometer.

Results
The rate constants for the removal of benzene from treated MM-R and RR-M cigarettes were $$0.123\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$

0.123

s

-
1

and $$0.0759\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$

0.0759

s

-
1

, respectively, while the rate constants for the removal of phenol from the model cigarettes were $$0.125\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$

0.125

s

-
1

and $$0.163\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$

0.163

s

-
1

, respectively. For MM-R and RR-M cigarettes, the per cent reduction for benzene was 14.79 and 19.88 while that of phenol was 10.62 and 25.80, respectively. The reduction of benzene at $$15\,\mathrm{s}$$

15

s

puff time for MM-R cigarette was $$55.91{\%}$$

55.91
%

while the reduction of phenol at the same puff time is $$37.25{\%}$$

37.25
%

. Also, the reduction in the concentration of benzene and phenol for RR-M model cigarettes was $$22.89{\%}$$

22.89
%

and $$66.19{\%}$$

66.19
%

, respectively, at the same puff time. The UV–Vis data show overall reduction in tobacco chemicals with increase in residence time.

Conclusion
The results reported in this study showed that C. megalocarpus seed husk biochar is a promising biocatalyst that can be incorporated into the cigarette filter in order to degrade tobacco chemicals in mainstream cigarette smoke. This is a very important finding towards harm reduction and tobacco reform policy.
Different requirement of immunity pathway components by oomycete effectors-induced cell death
Authors: Dong Xiaohua , Ai Gan , Xia Chuyan , Pan Weiye , Yin Zhiyuan , Dou Daolong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlant pathogenic oomycete species pose a worldwide threat to crop production and ecosystems. During infection, oomycete pathogens secrete a series of effectors to manipulate plant immunity. Many of these effectors, which are indicated as avirluence gene candidates, will use components of immunity pathway to induce cell death in plants. This response given by plants is known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The identification of avirulence genes from pathogenic oomycete species opens a way to investigating their virulence function and uncovering related R gene repertoires in resistant plants. In this study, we screened eight cell death-inducing effectors from oomycete species in N. benthamiana and tested the requirements of ETI signaling components to induce cell death. SGT1 was required for PsAvh163- and PcRXLR25-mediated cell death, while silencing NbHSP90 abolished PcRXLR25-, PsAvh163-, PsAvh241- and PsCRN63-triggered cell death. The cell death induced by the tested effectors does not depend on EDS1, NDR1, NRG1 and ADR1. PcRXLR25- and PsAvh163-induced cell death was found to require NRC2/3/4, indicating that these two effectors are avirulence protein candidates. Finally, we found that auto-activated NRC2/3/4 also required SGT1 and HSP90 to induce hypersensitive response.
Morphological and molecular identification of Sarcocystis sp. from the little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis (Aves: Podicipediformes), for the first time in Egypt
Authors: El-Dakhly Khaled Mohamed , Arafa Waleed M. , Hussein Nermean M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In Egypt, studies of sarcocystosis in migratory and wading birds specially Podicipediformes are scarce. Therefore, the occurrence of Sarcocystis spp. in the little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis (Podicipediformes: Podicipdidae) was investigated in Qena province, Upper Egypt. During the period from September 2017 to March 2018, muscle specimens of esophagus from 25 little grebes were examined for the occurrence of Sarcocystis spp. using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular tools including conventional PCR and phylogenetic analysis with both 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genetic loci.

Results
Sarcocystis spp. were identified in 84.0% (21/25) of the T. ruficollis esophageal muscle samples by morphological analysis; each was long, ribbonlike and extended along the muscle fibers. TEM revealed a characteristic thin and wavy cyst wall and an undulating vacuolar membrane with villar protrusions of slightly variant sulci and gyri, as well as several septated compartments filled with bradyzoites. The applied 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA were not enough variable for the identification of Sarcocystis species.

Conclusion
This study is the first to report the occurrence of Sarcocystis sp. in little grebes in Egypt. Further studies are required to identify Sarcocystis spp. in various wild birds by ITS1 region in Egypt.

Graphical abstract
Resistance training is an effective exercise therapy in cardiac rehabilitation program for patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review
Authors: El-Sobkey Salwa B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program is a comprehensive intervention for the rehabilitation of coronary artery disease patients. Exercise therapy is a valuable, effective, and integral intervention of cardiac rehabilitation. Aerobic training is the gold standard exercise therapy in cardiac rehabilitation programs. In addition, combined training with added resistant training is also used. This systematic review aimed to provide the physical therapy clinicians with a consensus regarding the effect of resistant training by answering the question of what is the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular effect (s) of resistant training in the cardiac rehabilitation program for patients with coronary artery disease?

Main body
The Physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) was used as a search engine to select articles through study eligibility criteria. Adult or adult and old stable coronary artery disease patients engaged in a site-based (Phase II) exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program that includes aerobic and resistant training. Selected articles applied cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcome measures to measure the effectiveness of resistant training. The author reviewed the selected articles and applied quantitative non-statistical analysis and appraisal for these articles. The systematic selection process resulted in 10 studies with a total participants number of 3877. Analyzing the articles revealed that adding resistant training to aerobic training resulted in a favorable improvement in outcome measures for coronary artery disease patients. Resistant training produced improvement in the exercise capacity (VO2 peak), blood pressure, skeletal muscle strength, endurance, body composition, sleep quality, depression, and health-related quality of life.

Short conclusions
The addition of resistant training to aerobic training in cardiac rehabilitation induces more positive cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular effects for stable coronary artery disease patients.
A novel evaluation technique for measuring the distance between the anastomosis and intersphincteric groove via three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography in children with Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Hayashi Kentaro , Ishimaru Tetsuya , Takahashi Tomoko , Omata Kanako , Sanmoto Youhei , Hirata Yuta , Kawashima Hiroshi , Iwanaka Tadashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to describe our experience with three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography (3D-EAUS) in patients who underwent surgery for Hirschsprung disease and to summarize the relationship between postoperative anal function and the distance between the anastomosis and intersphincteric groove (DBAI) measured via 3D-EAUS.

Results
We retrospectively reviewed patients with a history of undergoing surgery for Hirschsprung disease who visited our outpatient clinic between December 2018 and December 2019. All patients underwent 3D-EAUS for DBAI measurement. We used the Krickenbeck classification to evaluate postoperative anorectal function.
Eleven patients (all males aged 3–14 years) were evaluated. Four (36.4%), four (36.4%), and three (27.3%) patients had no soiling, grade 1 soiling, and grade 3 soiling, respectively. Four (36.4%) and seven (63.6%) patients had no constipation and grade 3 constipation, respectively. The median DBAI values were 7.0 mm, 8.4 mm, and 5.6 mm (p = 0.14) in the no soiling, grade 1, and grade 3 soiling groups, respectively.

Conclusions
3D-EAUS enabled precise visualization of the anal anatomy and evaluation of the anastomosis. The DBAI was relatively short in patients with grade 3 soiling, although not significantly so. Further evaluation is warranted.
Broadening the Spectrum of Loss-of-Function Variants in NPR-C-Related Extreme Tall Stature
Authors: Lauffer Peter , Boudin Eveline , van der Kaay Daniëlle C M , Koene Saskia , van Haeringen Arie , van Tellingen Vera , Van Hul Wim , Prickett Timothy C R , Mortier Geert , Espiner Eric A , van Duyvenvoorde Hermine A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
Natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C, encoded by NPR3) belongs to a family of cell membrane–integral proteins implicated in various physiological processes, including longitudinal bone growth. NPR-C acts as a clearance receptor of natriuretic peptides, including C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), that stimulate the cGMP-forming guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. Pathogenic variants in CNP, NPR2, and NPR3 may cause a tall stature phenotype associated with macrodactyly of the halluces and epiphyseal dysplasia.

Objective
Here we report on a boy with 2 novel biallelic inactivating variants of NPR3.

Methods
History and clinical characteristics were collected. Biochemical indices of natriuretic peptide clearance and in vitro cellular localization of NPR-C were studied to investigate causality of the identified variants.

Results
We identified 2 novel compound heterozygous NPR3 variants c.943G&gt;A p.(Ala315Thr) and c.1294A&gt;T p.(Ile432Phe) in a boy with tall stature and macrodactyly of the halluces. In silico analysis indicated decreased stability of NPR-C, presumably resulting in increased degradation or trafficking defects. Compared to other patients with NPR-C loss-of-function, the phenotype seemed to be milder: pseudo-epiphyses in hands and feet were absent, biochemical features were less severe, and there was some co-localization of p.(Ile432Phe) NPR-C with the cell membrane, as opposed to complete cytoplasmic retention.

Conclusion
With this report on a boy with tall stature and macrodactyly of the halluces we further broaden the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of NPR-C-related tall stature.