bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of pixel size and propagation distance in X-ray phase-contrast virtual histology
Authors: Donato S. , Arana Peña L.M. , Bonazza D. , Formoso V. , Longo R. , Tromba G. , Brombal L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
X-ray phase-contrast coupled to high-spatial resolution imaging systems provides a high sensitivity for distinguishing soft tissue structures in small samples, thus being suited for X-ray virtual histology. Propagation-based phase-contrast tomography can deliver a considerable gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at small pixel sizes when it is combined to a suitable phase retrieval filter. We optimized acquisition parameters, namely the propagation distance and the pixel size, with the aim of providing adequate spatial resolution and sensitivity for virtual histology of breast surgery specimens, scanned with a phase-contrast microtomography (μCT) system employing a commercial sCMOS detector at the SYRMEP beamline of the Italian synchrotron facility Elettra (Trieste, Italy). A pathological breast tissue sample was embedded in paraffin and imaged using a polychromatic synchrotron beam at an average energy of 24 keV. The high numerical optical aperture of the imaging system enabled to adjust the pixel size to 1, 2.5 and 4 μm. The scans were acquired at five sample-to-detector distances: 4.5, 150, 250, 500 and 1000 mm. SNR was measured in an homogeneous region portion of the μCT image for each combination of pixel size and propagation distance. Experimental results were compared to a theoretical model taking into account the actual point spread function of the employed imaging system. The measured gain of SNR associated with the application of the phase-retrieval matched the predictions for large Fresnel numbers (N
F > 2). For each pixel size, an optimal range of propagation distances was found. Optimal μCT reconstructions were then compared with their respective histopatological images, showing an excellent visibility of relevant structures. The optimization performed in this study will allow to select the most appropriate geometrical configurations for future acquisitions of virtual histology images of different specimens via phase-contrast microtomography.
Investigation of structures in tunnel overburdens by means of muon radiography
Authors: Li J. , Li Z. , Han R. , Cheng Y. , Mao X. , Yu L. , Feng X. , Liu B. , Jiang L. , Ouyang X. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cosmic ray muon radiography is a new imaging technique that
is being used to investigate the density structure of large objects
and the shallow crust. For example, it has been used to investigate
magma conduits of active volcanoes, cavities above tunnels and
hidden chambers inside pyramids, and has proven to be effective and
accurate. However, low cosmic muon flux has limited the development
of muon radiography in many engineering applications. In this paper,
the potential application of muon radiography to investigate density
anomalies in tunnel overburden is discussed. Results show that in a
typical 25-meter thick overburden, muon radiography can identify
overburden anomalies of 10% in two hours with an inaccuracy
probability of 30.8% by lack of enough statistics, and this
inaccuracy will reduce to 2.2% if data are collected over a full
day. The study also indicates that muon radiography can detect
structure density anomalies above 1% with an inaccuracy probability
of 2.2%. As a non-destructive, non-invasive and passive imaging
method, cosmic ray muon radiography has its great potential in
timely monitoring and imaging of overburden structures to discover
potential structural defects.
Effect of immunization through vaccination on the SIS epidemic spreading model
Authors: Tomé Tânia , de Oliveira Mário J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We analyze the susceptible–infected–susceptible model for epidemic spreading in which a fraction of the individuals become immune by vaccination. This process is understood as a dilution by vaccination, which decreases the fraction of the susceptible individuals. For a nonzero fraction of vaccinated individuals, the model predicts a new state in which the disease spreads but eventually becomes extinct. The new state emerges when the fraction of vaccinated individuals is greater than a critical value. The model predicts that this critical value increases as one increases the infection rate reaching an asymptotic value, which is strictly less than the unity. Above this asymptotic value, the extinction occurs no matter how large the infection rate is.
Aggregation in non-uniform systems with advection and localized source
Authors: Zagidullin R , Smirnov A P , Matveev S , Brilliantov N V , Krapivsky P L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We explore analytically and numerically agglomeration driven by advection and localized source. The system is inhomogeneous in one dimension, viz along the direction of advection. It is characterized by the kinetic coefficients—the advection velocity, diffusion coefficient and the reaction kernel, quantifying the aggregation rates. We analyze a simplified model with mass-independent advection velocity, diffusion coefficient, and reaction rates. We also examine a model with mass-dependent coefficients arising in the context of aggregation with sedimentation. For the quasi-stationary case and simplified model, we obtain an exact solution for the spatially dependent agglomerate densities. For the case of mass-dependent coefficients we report a new conservation law and develop a scaling theory for the densities. For the numerical efficiency we exploit the low-rank approximation technique; this dramatically increases the computational speed and allows simulations of very large systems. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of our theory.
Tuning weak localization in single-layer disordered SnSe2/graphene/h-BN field-effect device
Authors: Chen Wei-Chen , Chuang Chiashain , Wang Tian-Hsin , Yeh Ching-Chen , Chen Sheng-Zong , Sakanashi Kohei , Kida Michio , Lin Li-Hung , Lee Po-Han , Wu Po-Chen , Wang Sheng-Wen , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Hsieh Ya-Ping , Aoki Nobuyuki , Liang Chi-Te 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report fabrication and measurements of single-layer SnSe2/chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) field-effect device. The coherent magnetotransport properties of such a hybrid system are systematically studied so as to obtain a good understanding of the structure which may find potential applications in thermoelectricity, flexible electronics, quantum coherent sensor as well as stress sensing. We observed weak localization well described by the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka model and the phase coherence length is around 540 nm for V
BG = −20 V at 1 K. The phase coherence length could be effectively changed by controlling the temperature and gate voltage. We also obtain good field-effect dependent properties of atomic-scale SnSe2 ultrathin film/graphene system. Given the current challenges in tuning single-layer SnSe2/CVD graphene on h-BN with a suitable dielectric layer, our results suggest the potential of quantum coherent effect, an effective way for development of future quantum nano-switch device.
Exfoliation corrosion susceptibility on friction stir welded aluminium 6061/Cr2O3 composite
Authors: Uday K N , Senthilraj K , Rajamurugan G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The current study investigates the exfoliation corrosion behavior of friction stir welded aluminum composite. The stir casting method was employed to fabricate chromium oxide (2 and 4% wt) reinforced Al 6061 composites. The fabricated composite samples are friction stir welded with two process parameters. The solution immersion tests were performed for two intervals per the ASTM G34 (24 h, 48 h), and the weight loss method was employed. The corrosion sample is analyzed by optical microscope FESEM and surface roughness. The gelatinous corrosion product formed over the surface can apply pressure over the grains resulting in the formation of pits. The intergranular corrosion (IGC) is formed by continuous penetration of the solution and the pits. The grains suffering from IGC are more susceptible to pit. The weight-loss method is not sufficient to predict the damage induced by the exco solution. Evaluating the pit depth can help to know the severity of corrosion. The measurement of the pit is difficult due to its irregular nature. The surface roughness instrument is used, and the damage is represented in average roughness (Ra) and average depth (Rz). The exposure duration and welding parameters play a significant role in corrosion. More material is lost at higher process parameters and extended hours of the test, forming higher surface deterioration.
Aluminum alloy and galvanized steel CMT weld joints for lightweight automobile applications
Authors: Zope Bhagyashri , Dey Tapobrata , Jatti Vijaykumar S , Sarnobat Sandeep S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) lap joint of Al6061-T6 and Galvanized steel is studied in this paper using design of experiments method. Welding parameters considered for the work includes stick out distance (10 mm −14 mm), wire-feed speed (3.5 m min−1 – 4 m min−1) and torch angle (10˚ to 15˚). Weld strength is optimized by using Taguchi analysis by optimizing input variables with 100% argon gas and stick out distance of 14 mm and overlap region of 13 mm. Weldments were cut in shape and size as per ASTM E8 to perform uni-axial tensile test. Further ANOVA analysis is used to understand the effect of individual parameters & their contribution on weld strength. Result depicted all three input parameter significantly effects the strength. Experiments showed that Al6061-T6 is possible to be welded with the Galvanized-steel using CMT.
Phasing out coal power plants based on cumulative air pollution impact and equity objectives in net zero energy system transitions
Authors: Mayfield Erin N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Transitioning to a net zero economy entails rapidly retiring US coal power plants, a major source of both greenhouse gases and air pollution. Conceptualizations of just transitions often embed climate, socioeconomic, and environmental justice objectives. Here we evaluate the influence of cumulative air pollution impact and equity objectives in the context of coal electric power plant retirement decisions. Operating coal power plants accounted for approximately 11 600 mortalities ($100B in damages) in 2018, disproportionately impacting low income, nonwhite, and rural populations. To evaluate the future phase-out of coal generators, we optimize for alternative climate policy goals, in addition to air pollution objectives related to the distribution of impacts on the basis of income, race, voting patterns, population density, and National Ambient Air Quality Standards classifications. With policy goals to both achieve net zero emissions by mid-century and to minimize cumulative air pollution-related mortality, approximately 134 000 deaths ($1.2T) are avoided from 2020 to 2050 (relative to business-as-usual). We find that the way in which equity objectives are operationalized has a large influence on asset-level retirement decisions and policy design. Phase-out strategies associated with policy objectives to minimize cumulative mortalities across the US population are generally consistent with objectives to minimize impacts on vulnerable subpopulations, but differ from those that target geographically-defined vulnerable communities.
BRZ-INSENSITIVE-PALE GREEN 1 is encoded by chlorophyll biosynthesis enzyme gene that functions in the downstream of brassinosteroid signaling
Authors: Tachibana Ryo , Yamagami Ayumi , Miyagi Shino , Nakazawa Miki , Matsui Minami , Sakuta Masaaki , Tanaka Ryouichi , Asami Tadao , Nakano Takeshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs), a kind of phytohormone, have various biological activities such as promoting of plant growth, increasing of stress resistance, and chloroplast development. Though BRs have been known to have physiological effects on chloroplast, the detailed mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in BR signaling remains unknown. Here we identified a recessive pale green Arabidopsis mutant, Brz-insensitive-pale green1 (bpg1), which was insensitive to promoting of greening by BR biosynthesis-specific inhibitor Brz in the light. BPG1 gene encoded chlorophyll biosynthesis enzyme, 3, 8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR), and bpg1 accumulated divinyl chlorophylls. Chloroplast development was suppressed in bpg1. Brz dramatically increased the expression of chlorophyll biosynthesis enzyme genes, including BPG1. These results suggest that chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes are regulated by BR signaling in the aspect of gene expression and BPG1 plays an important role in regulating of chloroplast development.
Cybersecurity service level agreements: understanding government data confidentiality requirements
Authors: Nugraha Yudhistira , Martin Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCybersecurity requirements, such as data security, are often used as evidence for the Government's relationship with external service providers to process, store and transmit sensitive government data. However, cybersecurity researchers have not profoundly studied the practical application of government data security requirements (e.g. data confidentiality) in service level agreements (SLAs) in the context of an outsourced scenario. The relationships with external service providers are usually established through SLAs as trust-enhancing instruments. However, there is a concern that existing SLAs mainly focus on the system availability and performance aspects but overlook cybersecurity requirements (e.g. data security) in SLAs. Such an understanding is essential to develop government SLA data confidentiality requirements into the formulation of security-related SLAs. We seek to provide insights by developing and conducting a grounded adaptive Delphi method (GADM) with 35 government participants through group discussions and individual sessions. The work on the Indonesian Government's data confidentiality requirements was used as a case study. This paper provides insights into three understandings of the increasing considerations of the Government's data confidentiality requirements in SLA definitions. The three perceptions of security-related SLAs are the target of protection, the data confidentiality risks and the government SLA data confidentiality requirements. Our findings play important implications for a better understanding of how to incorporate data confidentiality requirements according to perceived threats for government data classification in security-SLAs. Based on these findings, we recommend that the Government and service providers improve existing security-related SLAs and future research lines.
Bigger or long-winged male common crossbills exhibit redder carotenoid-based plumage coloration
Authors: Fernández-Eslava Blanca , Alonso Daniel , Galicia David , Arizaga Juan , Alonso-Alvarez Carlos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarotenoid-based ornaments are often considered reliable (honest) individual condition signals because their expression implies physiological costs unaffordable for low-quality animals (handicap signals). Recently, it has been suggested that efficient cell respiration is mandatory for producing red ketocarotenoids from dietary yellow carotenoids. This implies that red colorations should be entirely unfalsifiable and independent of expression costs (index signals). In a precedent study, male common crossbills, Loxia curvirostra, showing a red plumage reported higher apparent survival than those showing yellowish-orange colors. The plumage redness in this species is due to ketocarotenoid accumulation in feathers. Here, we correlated the male plumage redness (a 4-level visual score: yellow, patchy, orange, and red) and the body morphology in more than 1,000 adult crossbills captured in 3 Iberian localities to infer the mechanisms responsible for color evolution. A principal component analysis summarized morphometry of 10 variables (beak, wing, tarsus length, etc.). The overall body size (PC1) and the length of flight feathers regarding body size (PC3) showed significant positive relationships with plumage redness. Plumage redness was barely correlated with bill shape measures, suggesting no constraint in acquiring carotenoids from pine cones. However, large body sizes or proportionally long flying feathers could help carotenoid acquisition via social competition or increased foraging ranges. Proportionally longer flight feathers might also be associated with a specific cell respiration profile that would simultaneously favor flying capacities and enzymatic transformations needed for ketocarotenoid synthesis. Such a phenotypic profile would agree with the hypothesis of ketocarotenoid-based colors acting as individual quality index signals.
Aortic valve repair versus mechanical valve replacement for root aneurysm: the CAVIAAR multicentric study
Authors: Lansac Emmanuel , Di Centa Isabelle , Danial Pichoy , Bouchot Olivier , Arnaud-Crozat Eric , Hacini Rachid , Doguet Fabien , Demaria Roland , Verhoye Jean Philippe , Jouan Jerome , Chatel Didier , Lopez Stephane , Folliguet Thierry , Leprince Pascal , Langanay Thierry , Latremouille Christian , Fayad Georges , Fleury Jean Philippe , Monin Jean Luc , Mankoubi Leila , Noghin Milena , Berrebi Alain , Pousset Sarah , Laubriet-Jazayeri Aline , Lafourcade Alexandre , Marcault Estelle , Kindo Michel , Payot Laurent , Bergoend Eric , Hoffart Cecile Jourdain , Debauchez Mathieu , Tubach Florence 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Despite growing evidence that aortic valve repair improves long-term patient outcomes and quality of life, aortic valves are mostly replaced. We evaluate the effect of aortic valve repair versus replacement in patients with dystrophic aortic root aneurysm up to 4 years.

METHODS
The multicentric CAVIAAR (Conservation Aortique Valvulaire dans les Insuffisances Aortiques et les Anévrismes de la Racine aortique) prospective cohort study enrolled 261 patients: 130 underwent standardized aortic valve repair (REPAIR) consisting of remodelling root repair with expansible aortic ring annuloplasty, and 131 received mechanical composite valve and graft replacement (REPLACE). Primary outcome was a composite criterion of mortality, reoperation, thromboembolic or major bleeding events, endocarditis or operating site infections, pacemaker implantation and heart failure, analysed with propensity score-weighted Cox model analysis. Secondary outcomes included major adverse valve-related events and components of primary outcome.

RESULTS
The mean age was 56.1 years, and valve was bicuspid in 115 patients (44.7%). Up to 4 years, REPAIR did not significantly differ from REPLACE in terms of primary outcome [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.66 (0.39; 1.12)] but showed significantly less valve-related deaths (HR 0.09 [0.02; 0.34]) and major bleeding events (HR 0.37 [0.16; 0.85]) without an increased risk of valve-related reoperation (HR 2.10 [0.64; 6.96]). When accounting for the occurrence of multiple events in a single patient, the REPAIR group had half the occurrence of major adverse valve-related events (HR 0.51 [0.31; 0.86]).

CONCLUSIONS
Although the primary outcome did not significantly differ between the REPAIR and REPLACE groups, the trend is in favour of REPAIR by a significant reduction of valve-related deaths and major bleeding events. Long-term follow-up beyond 4 years is needed to confirm these findings.
From Hostile to Benevolent Ageism: Polarizing Attitudes Toward Older Adults in German COVID-19-Related Tweets
Authors: Døssing Mille Viktoria , Crăciun Irina Catrinel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Previous studies have linked coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to a rise in ageism. While a growing body of research examined hostile ageism during the pandemic, benevolent ageism received less attention. Drawing on the stereotype content theory and the classic tripartite model of attitudes, the current study explored how benevolent and hostile ageism are reflected in the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of attitudes toward older adults in German COVID-19-related tweets. The study examined the most prevalent attitudes as well as changes in prevalence between the first and second lockdown period in Germany.

Research Design and Methods
Seven hundred and ninety-two German tweets concerning COVID-19 and aging were collected and coded using Mayring’s qualitative content analysis with a dominantly inductive approach. Quantitative methods were used to identify the most prevalent subthemes as well as changes in prevalence.

Results
The coding resulted in 21 subthemes. Most tweets (60.73%) contained either hostile or benevolent ageist attitudes, with benevolent ageism being more prevalent. The top 5 subthemes in terms of prevalence and reach contained several opposing attitudes, such as devaluation and opposing devaluation. The chi-square tests revealed a shift from a promotion to an evaluation of COVID-19-related policies between the 2 lockdowns.

Discussion and Implications
Results highlight social media’s polarizing effect and its potential contribution to both hostile and benevolent ageism in the context of COVID-19 in Germany. Results indicate the need to consider the adverse effects of benevolent ageism and use of chronological age as risk factor, when designing COVID-19-related policies.
Neighborhood Environment and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Older Immigrants in the United States: The Mediation Effects of Coping Resources
Authors: Wang Yi , Guo Man , Liu Jinyu , Lou Yifan , Carter Kara , Dong XinQi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Studies have shown that neighborhood environment shapes older Americans’ aging experience and health. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how neighborhood environment influences the well-being of older Asian Immigrants. Guided by the neighborhood stress process model, this study aims to investigate (a) the associations between neighborhood environmental stressors and depression among Chinese older immigrants and (b) the potential mediation effects of intrapersonal (sense of mastery and sense of hopefulness) and interpersonal coping (social engagement) resources in such associations.

Research Design and Methods
This study analyzed data collected from 2,801 Chinese older immigrants in the greater Chicago area. Structural equation modeling with bootstrap resampling was used to fit path models on neighborhood environmental stressor, intra- and interpersonal coping resources, and depression.

Results
Findings showed that neighborhood social disintegration and physical disorder were associated with more depressive symptoms directly and indirectly via lower intra- and interpersonal coping resources. Specifically, older immigrants living in neighborhoods with greater social disintegration reported lower sense of mastery and social engagement, which in turn were associated with more depressive symptoms (partial mediation). Older immigrants living in neighborhoods with greater physical disorder reported lower sense of hopefulness and mastery, which subsequently were associated with more depressive symptoms (full mediation).

Discussion and Implications
The findings showed that neighborhood environmental stressors are risk factors for mental health of Chinese older immigrants, and coping resources may serve as pathways of the associations. The implications for future research and practice were discussed.