bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls in Rural
Community of Doyogena District, Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern
Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Wudneh Aregahegn , Abera Kifle , Molla Wondwosen 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Optimal nutrition for adolescent girls is critical for growth, development,
and long-term health. Dietary diversity is a crucial component of feeding strategies. In resourcepoor
countries, undiversified diets and low-quality monotonous diet feeding habits are frequent.
This leads to poor nutritional status, particularly micronutrient deficiencies, which has an impact on
adolescent females' current and future lives, as well as their kids. However, data on the magnitude
of dietary diversity and associated determinants among adolescent girls in resource-poor settings
such as Ethiopia, which include the research area, is sparse.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 603 adolescent
girls from randomly selected adolescent girls in Ethiopia using a multistage sampling method. The
data were collected through face-to-face interviews by using a pretested structured questionnaire
and entered into Epi-data 4.2.0.0 version and exported to SPSS version 20 for analyses. Multicollinearity
between independent variables and model goodness fit test was checked. Bivariable and
multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to determine the degree of relationship between
independent and dependent variables. At a p-value of less than 0.05, the odds ratio was declared,
along with the 95 percent confidence interval and the level of statistical significance.

Results:
The prevalence of dietary diversity among adolescent girls was 43.8% (95% CI: 39.7%-
48.0%). having secondary and above level of education and primary education, [AOR = 4.0, 95%
CI: (1.89-8.32)], being in food secure households [AOR = 6.99, 95% CI: (4.34-11.23)], skipping
practice of meals [AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: (0.33-0.88)], currently being on the menstruation [AOR =
0.42, 95% CI: (0.26-0.66)] and having good knowledge about nutrition [AOR = 2.20, 95% CI:
(1.32-3.56)] were significantly associated with dietary diversity among adolescent girls.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of dietary diversity among adolescent girls was low in the study area.
Therefore, attention should be given to fathers with no formal education, and efforts should be made
to improve household food security, adolescent girls knowledge about nutrition, and minimize skipping
of meals to increase adolescent girls dietary diversity and to break the vicious cycles of malnutrition.
Oral Immunization against ETEC with Recombinant Protein-Loaded
Chitosan Nano-Structure and its Immunogenicity in Comparison with
Subcutaneous Vaccine
Authors: Amani Jafar , Hosseini ZohrehSadat , Hosseini Farzaneh , Motamedi Mohammad Javad , Kazemi Rouhollah 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) can be considered the main cause of
traveler’s diarrhea, which is affecting children in developing countries. The bacterium has several virulence factors, including colonization factors (CFs), heat-labile (LT), and heat-stable (ST)
toxins. The World Health Organization has designated the development of an ETEC vaccine one
of its top goals due to the disease's rising antibiotic resistance and deteriorating access to sources
of clean drinking water.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate the oral immunogenicity of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) encapsulated CCL protein containing CfaB along with STa toxoid, CfaE, and
LtB.

Methods:
The E. coli BL21DE3 harboring pET-28a-ccl vector was used for protein expression.
After purification and confirmation, the protein was encapsulated in CNPs and the particle size
was measured. Immunogenicity was assessed by evaluating antibody titers after BALB/c mice
vaccination. Finally, the neutralization efficiency of immunized mice sera was evaluated by a
rabbit ileal loop test

Results:
The purified protein (~57kDa) was confirmed by Western blotting and the size of CCLCNPs was measured with an average of 112.0nm with 98.8% of encapsulation efficiency. CCLCNPs are able to stimulate the immune system by providing suitable titers of antibodies. The
fluid accumulation in the rabbit’s intestine was significantly reduced

Conclusion:
The CCL-CNPs can be considered a candidate for producing oral nanovaccine
Crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neurological Disorders: A
Review
Authors: Azhar Asim , Wali Mohammad Akram , Rashid Qudsia , Khan Wajihul Hasan , Al-hosaini Khaled , Owais Mohammad , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent responsible
for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is an issue of global concern since March 2020. The
respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 have widely been explained in the last couple of months of
the pandemic. Initially, the virus was thought to be restricted to the pulmonary system; however, as
time progressed and cases increased during the second wave of COVID-19, the virus affected other
organs, including the nervous system. The neurological implication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is
mounting, as substantiated by various reports, and in the majority of COVID-19 patients with neurological
symptoms, the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 in the central nervous system (CNS) is likely.
SARS-CoV-2 can enter the nervous system by exploiting the routes of olfactory mucosa, olfactory and
sensory nerve endings, or endothelial and nerve tissues, thus crossing the neural-mucosal interface in
the olfactory mucosa in the nose. Owing to multifactorial and complex pathogenic mechanisms,
COVID-19 adds a large-scale risk to the entire nervous system. A thorough understanding of SARSCoV-
2 neurological damage is still vague; however, our comprehension of the virus is rapidly developing.
The present comprehensive review will gain insights and provide neurological dimensions of
COVID-19 and their associated anomalies. The review presents the entry routes of SARS-CoV-2 into
the CNS to ascertain potential targets in the tissues owing to infection. We also discuss the molecular
mechanisms involved, the array of clinical symptoms, and various nervous system diseases following
the attack of SARS-CoV-2.
Bleeding Complication in a Patient with Concomitant Use of Rivaroxaban
and Saffron Supplement: A Case Report
Authors: Sahebkar Amirhossein , Heidari Zinat , Daei Maryam , Khalili Hossein 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) carry a lower potential risk of food/herb and drug interactions compared with oral vitamin K antagonists. However, as a new class of medications, drug interactions of DOACs have not been fully known.

Case Presentation:
We herein present the case of a 64-year old male with the complaint of acute onset epistaxis and bleeding gums following the concomitant use of rivaroxaban and saffron supplement. It seems that coadministration of DOACs and saffron supplements should be avoided due to the potential drug-herbal interactions and possible risk of subsequent bleeding complications.

Conclusion:
However, further larger scale surveillance studies are needed to confirm the findings and assess the clinical significance.
Evaluation of the Mitigation Effect of Spirulina Against Lung Injury
Induced by Radiation in Rats
Authors: Nikzad Safoora , Ahmadvand Mohammad H. , Changizi Vahid , Pashaki Abdolazim S. , Najafi Masoud , Mirzaei Fatemeh 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Some compounds have been investigated to mitigate the effect of radiation on the lung, such as pneumonitis and fibrosis.

Objective:
This study aimed to examine the mitigation efficiency of Spirulina compared to the effect of Metformin.

Methods:
25 male Wistar rats were allotted in five groups: control, Spirulina, Radiation, Radiation plus Spirulina, and Radiation plus Metformin. Rat chest regions were irradiated by 15 Gray (Gy) x-radiation using aLINAC. Forty-eight hours after irradiation, treatment with Spirulina and Metformin began. Eighty days after irradiation, all rats were sacrificed, and their lung tissues were removed for histo-pathological, and biochemical assays.

Results:
The results demonstrated that irradiation increased MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels while sup-pressing the SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GPx(glutathione peroxidase) activity in the irradiated group. MDA levels in lung tissues were reduced with Metformin but not with Spirulina. Both Metfor-min and Spirulina increased the SOD and GPx activity in lung tissue. Moreover, histopathological evaluations showed extensive changes in the lung tissue including infiltration of lymph cells around the bronchioles and blood vessels, thickening of the alveolar wall, and the disruption of the alveolar struc-ture, as well as accumulation of collagen fibers. Administration of Spirulina and Metformin signifi-cantly reduced pathological changes in lung tissue, although the effect of Metformin was greater than that of Spirulina.

Conclusion:
Spirulina could mitigate radiation-induced lung injury moderately, although Metformin is more effective than Spirulina as a mitigator agent.
A Review of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Responses to Active Standing
in Healthy Adults
Authors: Quinn Caitríona , Monaghan Ann , Foran Tim , Kenny Rose Anne , Gormley John 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
This review outlines the normal heart rate and blood pressure response to active
standing, the physiological mechanisms governing these, and the effect of ageing on the responses.

Method:
A literature search was conducted to identify articles investigating the normal heart rate
and/or blood pressure response to standing.

Results:
Heart rate when standing increases and then decreases and recovers to baseline. Blood
pressure responses are inverse. Skeletal muscle contraction and the baroreceptor reflex drive this.
With ageing, heart rate response attenuates and the initial blood pressure response increases.

Discussion:
Normal heart rate and blood pressure responses are attributed to the baroreceptor reflex
and skeletal muscle contraction. Decreased muscle strength and baroreceptor sensitivity are associated
with ageing, suggesting a possible benefit in improving skeletal muscle strength to maintain
an efficient response. Understanding these responses and their variation with ageing is clinically relevant
and may be beneficial in improving rehabilitation outcomes.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the UCLA Geriatrics
Attitudes Scale (UCLA-GAS)
Authors: Zanjari Nasibeh , Momtaz Yadollah Abolfathi , Abdollahi Tayebeh 
Published: April 2022

Aims:
The attitudes toward older patients are considered the main factor in providing
health services.

Background:
There is a lack of proper short scale to measure attitudes toward older patients among
healthcare professionals.

Objective:
The present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the UCLA Geriatric Attitude
scale (UCLA-GAS) among a sample of Iranian healthcare professionals.

Methods:
The method of this study was cross-sectional for psychometric evaluation. The sample
included 232 healthcare professionals in Mazandaran city. Study participants were selected by cluster
random sampling technique. Psychometric evaluation of the UCLA-GAS assessed through content
and construct validity. Content validity was evaluated based on the content validity index
(CVI) and construct validity was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Also, convergent validity was assessed using the Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Older People Scale
(KAOPS) questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency reliability and
stability was assessed using test-retest.

Results:
Regarding the content validity, CVI and modified Kappa statistic for all items were >0.79
and showed all items relevant to the UCLA-GAS in the Iranian context. The three dimensions of
the UCLA-GAS extracted from factor analysis were labeled: 1- medical/economic burden (6 items)
2- appreciate attitude (5 items), 3- resource allocation (3 items). CFA revealed that the UCLA-GAS
structure model was a validated model (CMIN = 2.312, GFI = 0.913, CFI = 0.902, RMSEA =
0.075). The scale had a significant and positive correlation with KAOPS questionnaire. Also, The
Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.78 and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for total instrument
was reported as 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87-0.98) and demonstrated good reliability of the instrument.

Conclusion:
The result shows the UCLA-GAS is a valid and reliable scale for measuring attitudes
toward older patients among healthcare professionals. This study recommends using Iranian
UCLA-GAS in future research and policy-making.
Assessment of Population Well-being With the Mental Health Quotient: Validation Study
Authors: Newson Jennifer Jane , Pastukh Vladyslav , Thiagarajan Tara C 
Published: April 2022

Background
The Mental Health Quotient (MHQ) is an anonymous web-based assessment of mental health and well-being that comprehensively covers symptoms across 10 major psychiatric disorders, as well as positive elements of mental function. It uses a novel life impact scale and provides a score to the individual that places them on a spectrum from Distressed to Thriving along with a personal report that offers self-care recommendations. Since April 2020, the MHQ has been freely deployed as part of the Mental Health Million Project.

Objective
This paper demonstrates the reliability and validity of the MHQ, including the construct validity of the life impact scale, sample and test-retest reliability of the assessment, and criterion validation of the MHQ with respect to clinical burden and productivity loss.

Methods
Data were taken from the Mental Health Million open-access database (N=179,238) and included responses from English-speaking adults (aged≥18 years) from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, India, and Nigeria collected during 2021. To assess sample reliability, random demographically matched samples (each 11,033/179,238, 6.16%) were compared within the same 6-month period. Test-retest reliability was determined using the subset of individuals who had taken the assessment twice ≥3 days apart (1907/179,238, 1.06%). To assess the construct validity of the life impact scale, additional questions were asked about the frequency and severity of an example symptom (feelings of sadness, distress, or hopelessness; 4247/179,238, 2.37%). To assess criterion validity, elements rated as having a highly negative life impact by a respondent (equivalent to experiencing the symptom ≥5 days a week) were mapped to clinical diagnostic criteria to calculate the clinical burden (174,618/179,238, 97.42%). In addition, MHQ scores were compared with the number of workdays missed or with reduced productivity in the past month (7625/179,238, 4.25%).

Results
Distinct samples collected during the same period had indistinguishable MHQ distributions and MHQ scores were correlated with r=0.84 between retakes within an 8- to 120-day period. Life impact ratings were correlated with frequency and severity of symptoms, with a clear linear relationship (R2>0.99). Furthermore, the aggregate MHQ scores were systematically related to both clinical burden and productivity. At one end of the scale, 89.08% (8986/10,087) of those in the Distressed category mapped to one or more disorders and had an average productivity loss of 15.2 (SD 11.2; SEM [standard error of measurement] 0.5) days per month. In contrast, at the other end of the scale, 0% (1/24,365) of those in the Thriving category mapped to any of the 10 disorders and had an average productivity loss of 1.3 (SD 3.6; SEM 0.1) days per month.

Conclusions
The MHQ is a valid and reliable assessment of mental health and well-being when delivered anonymously on the web.
The Effect of Mychorrizha Enriched Seed Encapsulation to Soybean Growth and Yield
Authors: Kurniawan Jonet , Taryono Taryono 
Published: April 2022

The high number of soybean's import has led to various eﬀorts to increase soybean production through increasing productivity, expanding planting areas, and improving management. One that can be done in maximizing soybean performance is the application of biological fertilizer such as mycorrhiza because it was able to increase nutrien tuptake and water and even drought tolerance. This study aims to determine the eﬀect of encapsulation of soybean seeds enriched with mycorrhiza and explain the eﬀect of mycorrhiza on soybean growth and yield. This study used three soybean varieties namely Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Argomulyo which treated with encapsulation + mycorrhiza, mycorrhiza addition, and without mycorrhiza. The observation include number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, percentage of ﬁlled pods per plant, seed weight per plant and weight of 100 seeds. Data on seed weight per plant showed signiﬁcantly diﬀerent among varieties and Anjasmoro was the highest. The application of mycorrhiza through seed encapsulation did not improve the soybean performance.
Reproductive Performance of Crossbreed Goats Etawah in Kulon Progo Regency
Authors: Triswanto Triswanto , Ngadiyono Nono , Sumadi Sumadi 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of age on reproductive performance of Crossbreed goat etawah in Kulon Progo regency in a productive age. The object of this research is the respondents and their Goats as the research material that is the Doe Crossbreed goat Etawah which is 1.5 until 3 years old (poel 2 to 3 pairs). The method used in this research is a survey through an interview using a questionnaire. Location is determined by population level that is population high, middle and low in Sub Girimulyo and Samigaluh. The observed reproduction performance was litter size, postpartum estrus, postpartum mating, service per conception and lambing interval. The research data is conducted by Independent T-test. The results showed that the litter size, postpartum estrus, postpartum mating, service per conception and lambing interval were not significantly different between the age of poel 2 and poel 3. The litter size poel 2 and 3 were 1.65+0, 54 and 1.72±0.55. Postpartum estrus goat poel 2 is 4.37±1.23 and goat poel 3 is 4.46±1.19. Postpartum mating goats poel 2 and 3 are 4.38±1.23 and 4.46±1.19. The number of lambing intervals of crossbreed goat etawah poel 2 and 3 respectively were 9.54±1.35 and 9.60±1.28. Service per conception of crossbreed goat etawah poel 2 equal to 1.28±0.65, poel 3 equal to 1.22±0.55. It can be concluded that the reproductive performance of crossbreed goat etawah at the productive age of 1.5 to 3 years is not affected by age.
Цаца Кёгшн Багш в урочище Чапчачи Икицохуровского улуса Калмыцкой степи в региональной межведомственной переписке начала XX в.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kurapov Andrey A. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The article examines and introduces into scientific circulation a set of archival documents discovered at the State Archive of Astrakhan Oblast (file 480, collection 597 ‘Astrakhan Eparchial Committee of Missionary Orthodox [Christian] Society’) and supplemented with publications of Astrakhan periodicals (Astrakhanskiy Listok, Astrakhanskie Vedomosti) containing interdepartmental messages of regional authorities pertaining to a memorial facility (Kalm. tsatsa) in the locality of Chapchachi (Iki Tsokhor Ulus of Kalmyk Steppe). Materials and methods. The article employs the comparative and historical descriptive methods of research. The analyzed narratives comprise a number of 1900–1902 archival documents as follows: report by Ven. V. I. Kryazhimsky, missionary of Astrakhan Eparchial Committee; letters of response by the Committee of Kalmyk People’s Administrative Department and Astrakhan Governor M. A. Hasenkampf; article published in Astrakhanskiy Listok. Results. The work introduces documents dealing with the early 20th century interdepartmental discussion over preservation of the Ven. Kögshn Bagshi memorial facility in the locality of Chapchachi. Conclusions. The attitudes towards the memorial building of tsatsa (the tradition of worshiping Ven. Kögshn Bagshi) was typical of Russian spiritual and secular authorities in the latter’s contacts with the Buddhist tradition throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries at large. The Russian Orthodox Church was wary of the active ritual practices performed by Buddhist clerics of Kalmyk Steppe and sought to prevent an increase in the number of Buddhist priests and neutralize their influence on the population. Operating within the legal framework, the provincial authorities remained neutral towards the activities of the Buddhist clergy and made efforts to legally oppose the aggravation of confessional controversies in the region.
Первый уполномоченный НКИД РСФСР в Монголии О. И. Макстенек: историография вопроса
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Kuras Leonid V. , Tsybenov Bazar D. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The paper provides a first analysis — in Mongolian and Russian historiography — of all scientific journal publications, monographs and proceedings of academic conferences dealing with the Soviet diplomat Otto Ivanovich Makstenek, the first Authorized Representative of RSFSR People’s Foreign Affairs Commissariat to Mongolia who made a huge contribution to the success of the Mongolian Revolution of 1921 only to remain unheralded in history. Goals. The study aims at identifying and analyzing (in a historiographic perspective) all scientific works covering revolutionary and diplomatic activities of O. I. Makstenek and authored by Russian and Mongolian scientists. The objectives to be tackled thereto include as follows: 1) analysis of bibliographic publications for further identification of scientific works dedicated to the Soviet diplomat, 2) genre determination of such works (monographs, articles, proceedings of research conferences), historiographic analysis of publications by Russian and Mongolian scholars. Conclusions. The historiographic analysis show O. I. Makstenek as a historical figure whose life and deeds — though preserved in fragments only — illustrate revolutionary events in Livonia, Irkutsk Governorate, Transbaikalia, and Mongolia in the 1900s to 1920s. Makstenek’s activity as Authorized Representative of RSFSR People’s Foreign Affairs Commissariat to Mongolia was the pinnacle of his revolutionary work. And the research materials attest to that he made a most valuable contribution to the victory of the Mongolian Revolution of 1921.