bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Struggle for Land in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Pereira Airton dos Reis 
Published: July 2022

Beginning in the second half of the 1960s, the development model that Brazilian governments envisioned for the Amazon was based on large landholdings and the massive transfer of public resources to numerous large rural landowners and private national and foreign companies based in the south-central regions of Brazil. Large tracts of land were destined for the exploitation of natural resources (wood, minerals, etc.) but above all for cattle raising. However, workers’ struggle for land, with the occupation of unproductive properties and conflict but also solidarity, collective work, and mutual exchanges, produced initiatives that made possible another form of land tenure and use in the region, one that was diversified and more sustainable. A partir da segunda metade da década de 1960, o modelo de desenvolvimento, concebido pelos governos do Brasil para a Amazônia, foi pautado na grande propriedade da terra e na transferência massiva de recursos públicos a inúmeros grandes proprietários rurais e empresas privadas nacionais e estrangeiras sediadas no Centro-Sul do Brasil. Grandes extensões de terra foram destinadas não só à exploração dos recursos naturais (madeiras, minérios etc.), mas sobretudo à criação de gado bovino. Mas a luta dos trabalhadores pela terra por meio de suas experiências localizadas de ocupações de imóveis improdutivos, contestação e embates, mas também de solidariedade entre si, de trabalhos coletivos e trocas mútuas, puderam experimentar iniciativas que possibilitaram uma outra forma de posse e de uso da terra na região: diversificada e mais sustentável.
Development and Validation of the Adaptive Schema Questionnaire
Authors: Jain Anjali , Singh Kamlesh 
Published: July 2022

Background: Schemas help with the organization and interpretation of information. Adaptive schemas indicate positive predisposing thinking patterns in an individual. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically robust tool to assess adaptive schema in a nonclinical sample. Method: This research comprises two independent studies. Study I was multiphased. In Phase I ( n = 70), 36 open-ended items were generated following the Young schema therapy model and qualitatively analyzed. This facilitated the generation of 144 items in Phase II ( n = 152) which were evaluated for content validity and subjected to rigorous item analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was performed in Phase III ( n = 751). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in Study II ( n = 244). Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a six-factor solution comprising 25 items. These factors correspond to the six adaptive themes, namely, adequate, secured, self-reliant/autonomous, resistant, successful, and self-assured. The newly developed Adaptive Schema Questionnaire demonstrated adequate reliability (α = 0.86). Significant correlations between the obtained factors and Early Maladaptive Schemas, depression, big five personality factors, and positive and negative effects established the concurrent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable goodness of fit for the obtained model. Conclusion: The developed Adaptive Schema Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument with promising utility in psychotherapy and research context.
Dynamic assessment of coronary artery during different cardiac cycle in patients with coronary artery disease using coronary CT angiography
Authors: Li Jia-li , Zhou Jin-rong , Tan Pan , Chen Jing 
Published: July 2022

Introduction To evaluate the effect of the cardiac cycle for the coronary artery opening and coronary stenosis at the plaque to determine the phase of measuring maximum diameters required for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods This retrospective study assessed data for 208 consecutive patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). The cross-sectional area and diameters of the opening of the left main coronary artery (LM), left anterior descending branch (LAD), left circumflex branch (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA), the stenosis rate of involved vessels were measured in 10 cardiac cycles. And all their dynamic changes were estimated by the linear mixed model. The relationship between stenosis rate and opening orifice were analyzed by monofactorial variance. Results The opening parameters and stenosis rate of the four main coronary arteries varied within the cardiac cycle ( p < .05). The maximum opening area occurred at the 45%–55% phase; The range of stenosis rate varied approximately 11%–14% and the maximum stenosis rate was at the 65% phase. The degree of vascular stenosis for LM, LAD and LCX were not associated with their corresponding opening diameters, but were positively intercorrelation with each other. Conclusion For patients with CAD, the maximum coronary artery stenosis rate were at 65% phase and the maximum value of coronary artery opening were at 45%–55% phase, which were chosen for the appropriate measurement and evaluation by CTA.
The correlation between non-O blood group type and recurrent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in critically ill patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Sulaiman Khalid Al , Al Qahtani Nouf , Al Muqrin Mashael , Al Dossari Maram , Al Wabel Ali , Al Sulaiman Tareq , Vishwakarma Ramesh , Alolayan Abdulaziz , Abudayah Fatimah , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Aljuhani Ohoud 
Published: July 2022

Objective To investigate the correlation between the ABO blood group and the risk of recurrent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) organism reinfection in the critically ill. Methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed CA-UTI to investigate the correlation between ABO type and the susceptibility to recurrent, reinfection and MDR reinfection. Patients were classified into two groups based on ABO type (O blood group versus non-O blood group). Results A total of 81 patients were included in the study: 37 in the O blood group and 44 in the non-O blood group. Patients in the O blood group were associated with significantly lower odds of recurrent CA-UTI (adjusted odds ratio 0.28; 95% confidence interval 0.08, 0.95), a shorter ICU length of stay (LOS) (estimate [SE] –0.24 [0.05]), hospital LOS (estimate [SE] –0.15 [0.03]) and mechanical ventilation duration (estimate [SE] –0.41 [0.07]) compared with the non-O blood group type. Conclusion Non-O blood group type might be a risk factor for recurrent CA-UTI and infection with MDR organism.
Parent and Pediatrician Perspectives on Physical Activity Promotion in Pediatric Primary Care: A Preliminary Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Whooten Rachel , Horan Christine , Aguirre Annabelle , Dartley Anna Nicole , Taveras Elsie 
Published: July 2022

Purpose To elicit preliminary pediatrician and parent perspectives on physical activity (PA) counseling and identify opportunities for improvement. Design Mixed methods, including a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews. Setting and Participants Primary care pediatricians (N = 73; 40% response rate) within a single large healthcare system and parents of students (N = 20) participating in a local school-based PA program in eastern Massachusetts. Methods Electronic survey of pediatricians assessing opinions of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) PA guidelines and potential PA promotion tools; semi-structured qualitative interviews with parents assessing overall discussion, education, and recommendations relating to PA. Analysis We report descriptive statistics for survey items and bivariate analyses comparing responses by physician characteristics. We performed thematic analysis of qualitative interviews and present results through an implementation science framework. Results In this preliminary study, pediatricians reported adoption, appropriateness, and lower perceived effectiveness of PA counseling. School-based programs and educational materials were most often chosen as PA promotion tools. Responses varied by pediatrician characteristics. While parents reported satisfaction, opportunities for improvement included connections with community resources and continued conversations with the child about PA. Conclusions Pediatricians and parents highlighted gaps in PA counseling in primary care. While results are preliminary given small sample size, this study provides actionable targets to support PA promotion as a preventive health priority in this setting.
Understanding Hesitation to Use Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A Content Analysis of Posts in Online Tobacco-Cessation Support Groups
Authors: Phillips Connor , Pechmann Cornelia , Calder Douglas , Prochaska Judith J 
Published: July 2022

Purpose We aimed to better understand hesitancy to use nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to quit smoking. Design We content coded and analyzed NRT-related posts in online quit smoking support groups to understand NRT-use hesitancy and to examine associations with health outcomes. Setting NRT posts were analyzed in unmoderated social-media support groups with free NRT. Sample Adults who smoked daily (n = 438) and posted about NRT were studied, 339 of whom reported on NRT usage and 403 reported on smoking abstinence. Measures Surveys at 1-month post-quit date assessed NRT usage and smoking abstinence. Analysis Relationships among NRT posts, NRT usage and smoking abstinence were analyzed using GEE models accounting for support group and covariates. Results Nearly all (96.17%) participants reported using the study-provided NRT once, most (70.21%) used NRT during the past week, but less than half (45.72%) used NRT daily for the full month as recommended. Nearly two-thirds (65.34%) of NRT posts were negative. Posts reflecting dislike or no longer needing NRT were associated with a lower likelihood of using NRT in the past week at least once (B = −.66, P = .005 and B = −.37, P = .045), use occasions (B = −1.86, P = .018 and B = −1.10, P = .016) and used daily for full month (B = −.56, P = .044 and B = −.53, P = .009). Posts related to the effectiveness of NRT related to past-week NRT used at least once (B = .15, P = .023), used daily for full month (B = .25, P = .001), and smoking abstinence (B = .27, P = .002). Conclusion Strategies are needed to address dislike of NRT and strengthen perceptions of NRT efficacy, especially on social media where posts may be amplified.
Lymphoproliferative disease detected by breast cancer screening
Authors: Luttwak Efrat , Segman Yafit , Saban May , Gutwein Odit , Avivi Irit , Perry Chava , Filiavich Alina , Sarid Nadav 
Published: July 2022

Objective To determine the rate of lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) in women undergoing routine breast cancer screening (BCS). BCS can reveal pathologies other than carcinoma that involve the breast and lymph tissue. The few studies that have described cases in which BCS led to the diagnosis of LPD were based on small series and focused on imaging rather than clinical characteristics. Setting and Methods A multi-center retrospective study in Israel, investigating LPD rate and characteristics among women diagnosed with LPD via BCS. Results Thirty-four patients out of 14,400 consecutive women undergoing BCS at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center during the study period were diagnosed with LPD, suggesting a diagnosis rate of 0.24%. The enlarged cohort (n = 45), including 11 patients that were retrieved from the databases of three other centers, demonstrates a predominant histological diagnosis of non-aggressive LPD (n = 33). Thirty-four (76%) had a suspicious axillary lymph node, and 11 had a breast lesion. The median maximal lesion size was 1.95 cm (range 0.8–6.5). Disease was localized in 60% of patients (stage 1 and 1E). Univariate analysis revealed that lymphocyte count was inversely associated with aggressive histology. At median follow-up of 39 months, all but three patients were alive. These three had been diagnosed with non-aggressive LPD which had never been treated and died from unrelated causes. Conclusions The LPD detection rate via BCS was 2.36 per 1000 screens. The majority of LPDs were non-aggressive. Nearly a third were aggressive, most detected at an early stage, and the clinical outcome was generally favorable.
In Silico Modeling and Docking Analysis of CTX-M-5, Cefotaxime-Hydrolyzing β-Lactamase from Human-Associated Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Md. Jasmine S. K. , Reddy G. Vidya Sagar , Gorityala Neelima , Sagurthi Someswar Rao , Mungapati Sandhya , Manikanta Kota Neela , Allam Uday Sankar 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To computationally model the CTX-M-5 β-lactamase and establish its structure, which is exclusively present in human-associated Salmonella. Methods: The CTX-M-5 aminoacid sequence (Uniprot ID:O65975) of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium was retrieved from UniProt database and subjected to homology modeling using MODELLER 9v7. The homology models were duly validated using RAMPAGE tool by generating Ramachandran plots, ERRAT graphs, and ProSA score. DoGSiteScorer server and ConSurf server were used to detect the cavities, pockets, and clefts to identify conserved amino acid sites in the predicted model. Subsequently, the modeled structure was docked using CLC Drug Discovery Workbench against proven drugs and known inhibitors. Results: Obtained high-quality homology model with 91.7% of the residues in favorable regions in Ramachandran plot and qualified in other quality parameters. Docking studies resulted in a higher dock score for PNK (D-benzylpenicilloic acid) molecule when compared to other reported inhibitors. Conclusion: This in silico study suggests that the compound PNK could be an efficient ligand for CTX-M-5 β-lactamase and serve as a potent inhibitor of CTX-M-5.
Finger dexterity in well-functioning cohort of office workers in Macau
Authors: Estorninho Margarida , Cheang Se Kin , Chan Sio In , Ieong Ka I , Lam Chon Un , Liu Karen PY 
Published: July 2022

Aim The study aimed to describe the finger dexterity in office workers of an Asian population. Methods One hundred twenty-seven right-handed office workers, aged 21–50 with a similar split of male and female, were recruited with finger dexterity measured by the O’Connor Finger Dexterity Test. The grip strength, tip and lateral pinch strength of both hands were also measured. Results This study provided the percentile score of the O’Connor Finger Dexterity Test of both males and females in the Asian population. Raw scores of below 218 and 213 seconds in male and female participants respectively reach the 90th percentile, and above 237 and 235 seconds in male and female below the 10th percentile. Results showed no significant difference in local mean scores across different age groups, between male and female and with varying hours of working in typing, filing, and writing. A significant difference was only found in finger dexterity and years of working as office workers. No significant correlation was found between the finger dexterity with grip strength, tip and lateral pinch of the dominant right hand. The results were similar to the original normative score with similar work skills and demands. Conclusion The mean scores could be used as a valid reference for local occupational therapists to evaluate the finger dexterity of office workers. However, caution has to be taken that conclusions drawn can be biased because of the relatively small sample size, and the results cannot be generalized to represent a wider Asian population.
Management of postoperative cervical pseudomeningocele with percutaneous aspiration and epidural blood patch
Authors: Schartz Derrek A , Ismail Rahim F , Rahman Akm A , Bender Matthew T , Westesson Per-Lennart , Mesfin Addisu , Kessler Alex 
Published: July 2022

Introduction While epidural blood patch can be an effective management option in lumbar pseudomeningoceles in certain clinical settings, its utility in the cervical spine is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous aspiration and autologous blood patch for post-operative durotomy related pseudomeningoceles within the cervical spine. Methods A single institution retrospective review detailing 3 patients with durotomy related pseudomeningocele following posterior cervical spine surgery was completed. Results In all three cases, aspiration with subsequent injection of autologous epidural blood patch successfully treated each pseudomeningocele. One patient required more than one intervention, while the other two were successfully treated after one procedure. All three patients improved clinically without need for additional surgery. Conclusion Percutaneous aspiration and epidural blood patch can be used to safely manage post-operative pseudomeningoceles within the posterior cervical spine.
Racial/ethnic variations in alcohol and cigarette use by pregnancy status among 20- to 44-year-old women, NHANES 2001–2018
Authors: Hirth Jacqueline M , Valadez Catherine , Gonzalez Sandra , Kowalchuk Alicia , Gutierrez Judith A , Zoorob Roger 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: This study examines alcohol consumption and smoking behaviors by pregnancy status and race/ethnicity in order to inform improved interventions designed to assist women of all races to avoid alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy for their health and to prevent potential fetal exposure. Methods: This retrospective secondary data analysis utilized nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2001 and 2018. Smoking and alcohol use were evaluated by race/ethnicity and pregnancy risk. Sexual behavior, reproductive health, and prescription drug use determined pregnancy risk, categorized as low pregnancy risk, at risk of becoming pregnant, and pregnant. Binary and multinomial multivariable logistic regression were used to examine associations. Results: The final sample consisted of 10,019 women of which 11.8% were Mexican American, 7.7% other Hispanic, 65.5% white, and 15% black (weighted percentages). White low pregnancy risk and pregnancy risk smoked most frequently in respective pregnancy risk groups (p < 0.001). Among pregnant women, smoking prevalence was highest among black women (14.0%, p < 0.01). Pregnancy risk women were more likely to smoke and pregnant women were less likely to smoke compared with low pregnancy risk. Low pregnancy risk and pregnancy risk Hispanics had a lower prevalence of binge drinking, but prevalence decreased less among pregnant Hispanics than other racial/ethnic groups. In adjusted analyses, pregnancy risk black women had more than 2 times the odds of combined smoking and alcohol consumption compared with low pregnancy risk black women. Conclusion: Women who may become pregnant need interventions and improved policy to prevent alcohol use and smoking. Culturally appropriate alcohol and smoking cessation interventions before pregnancy and improved contraception access are needed.
Factors associated with pelvic inflammatory disease: A case series analysis of family planning clinic data
Authors: Sweeney Sally , Bateson Deborah , Fleming Kirsteen , Huston Wilhelmina 
Published: July 2022

Background: We aimed to better understand factors associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in an outpatient setting. Methods: We analysed the characteristics of pelvic inflammatory disease cases diagnosed in an outpatient setting during 2018. There were 72 cases included in the final analysis. Results: Of the pelvic inflammatory disease cases analysed, 55% were idiopathic, 22.2% were related to a sexually transmitted infection, and 22.2% had onset of symptoms within 6 weeks of a gynaecological procedure. Of the sexually transmitted infection–positive pelvic inflammatory disease cases, Chlamydia trachomatis was present in 56%, Mycoplasma genitalium was present in 38%, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was present in 12.5% of cases. Many pelvic inflammatory disease cases had evidence of vaginal dysbiosis or features associated with vaginal flora disruption (recent antibiotic usage and/or vulvovaginal candidiasis). Conclusion: This case series highlights the burden of Mycoplasma genitalium pelvic inflammatory disease, and clinicians should be aware to include testing for this when diagnosing pelvic inflammatory disease. Our findings also support the hypothesis that host dysbiotic microbiota may contribute to pelvic inflammatory disease pathogenesis, with further research required to explore this proposition.
A Photochemical Crosslinking Approach to Enhance Resistance to Mechanical Wear and Biochemical Degradation of Articular Cartilage
Authors: Noori-Dokht Hessam , Joukar Amin , Karnik Sonali , Williams Taylor , Trippel Stephen B. , Wagner Diane R. 
Published: July 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate photochemical crosslinking using Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (CASPc) and light with a wavelength of 670 nm as a potential therapy to strengthen articular cartilage and prevent tissue degradation. Design Changes in viscoelastic properties with indentation were used to identify 2 crosslinking protocols for further testing. Crosslinked cartilage was subjected to an in vitro, accelerated wear test. The ability of the crosslinked tissue to resist biochemical degradation via collagenase was also measured. To better understand how photochemical crosslinking with CASPc varies through the depth of the tissue, the distribution of photo-initiator and penetration of light through the tissue depth was characterized. Finally, the effect of CASPc on chondrocyte viability and of co-treatment with an antioxidant was evaluated. Results The equilibrium modulus was the most sensitive viscoelastic measure of crosslinking. Crosslinking decreased both mechanical wear and collagenase digestion compared with control cartilage. These beneficial effects were realized despite the fact that crosslinking appeared to be localized to a region near the articular surface. In addition, chondrocyte viability was maintained in crosslinked tissue treated with antioxidants. Conclusion These results suggest that photochemical crosslinking with CASPc and 670 nm light holds promise as a potential therapy to prevent cartilage degeneration by protecting cartilage from mechanical wear and biochemical degradation. Limitations were also evident, however, as an antioxidant treatment was necessary to maintain chondrocyte viability in crosslinked tissue.
Stroke care in Armenia: Recent developments
Authors: Yeghiazaryan Nune , Isahakyan Anna , Zubalova Lina , Hovhannisyan Yekaterina , Sahakyan Greta , Chekijian Sharon , Khachatryan Samson G , Skon Muratoglu Mikael , Aghasaryan Manvel , Babikian Viken L 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Armenia is an upper-middle-income country with a population of nearly 3 million. Stroke is one of its major public health problems and ranks as the sixth leading cause of death, with a mortality of 75.5 per 100,000. Methods and results: Until recently, modern stroke care was not available in Armenia. During the past 8 years substantial advances have been made in building medical infrastructure and delivering acute stroke care. This manuscript describes contributors to this progress, including extensive and long-term collaboration with international stroke experts, the development of hospital-based stroke teams, and a funding commitment for stroke care by the government. Conclusion: The results of acute stroke revascularization procedures during the past 3 years are reviewed and found to meet international standards. Future directions are discussed including the immediate need to expand acute stroke care to underserved parts of the country by adding primary and comprehensive stroke centers. An active educational program for nurses and physicians and the TeleStroke system development will help support this expansion.