bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of nonattendance predictive models for scheduled adult outpatient appointments in different medical specialties
Authors: Giunta Diego Hernán , Huespe Ivan Alfredo , Alonso Serena Marina , Luna Daniel , Gonzalez Bernaldo de Quirós Fernan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionNonattendance is a critical problem that affects health care worldwide. Our aim was to build and validate predictive models of nonattendance in all outpatients appointments, general practitioners, and clinical and surgical specialties.MethodsA cohort study of adult patients, who had scheduled outpatient appointments for General Practitioners, Clinical and Surgical specialties, was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016, at the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires. We evaluated potential predictors grouped in baseline patient characteristics, characteristics of the appointment scheduling process, patient history, characteristics of the appointment, and comorbidities. Patients were divided between those who attended their appointments, and those who did not. We generated predictive models for nonattendance for all appointments and the three subgroups.ResultsOf 2,526,549 appointments included, 703,449 were missed (27.8%). The predictive model for all appointments contains 30 variables, with an area under the ROC (AUROC) curve of 0.71, calibration‐in‐the‐large (CITL) of 0.046, and calibration slope of 1.03 in the validation cohort. For General Practitioners the model has 28 variables (AUROC of 0.72, CITL of 0.053, and calibration slope of 1.01). For clinical subspecialties, the model has 23 variables (AUROC of 0.71, CITL of 0.039, and calibration slope of 1), and for surgical specialties, the model has 22 variables (AUROC of 0.70, CITL of 0.023, and calibration slope of 1.01).ConclusionWe build robust predictive models of nonattendance with adequate precision and calibration for each of the subgroups.
The impact of reflex‐based recreational activities and preclinical training on psychomotor skills in an educational dental environment
Authors: Sadeghi Helia S. , Alsaffarini Majd W. , Almahmeed Noor W. , Foaud Rafiq M. , Kilidar Rayaheen R. , Eldessouky Sara K. , Al‐Rawi Natheer H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundParticipating in recreational activities from a young age may have the potential enhance psychomotor skills early on, and conversely, low levels of participation in these activities may predict slower development of preclinical hand skills.PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the eye‐hand coordination benefits of leisure and reflex‐based activities to those of typical instructional techniques among dental students.Data sourcesThe databases used were PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus.Study selectionTen articles were selected from a total of 1135 articles found across three databases.Data extractionThe articles were screened by four investigators through a series of steps in accordance to inclusion and exclusion criteria and rid of any duplicates.Data synthesisThe majority of the 10 featured articles were conducted in the United States. All of the research included was cohort observational studies. This systematic review includes a total of 1975 participants from the publications selected for this purpose.ResultsManual dexterity may be taught and improved by practice, and tests designed to measure it should be used primarily to pinpoint which students would benefit most from individualized, close supervision during their education.ConclusionResearchers found that reflex‐based activities helped students develop better hand‐eye coordination in a classroom setting. However, more precise dental‐related tests and questionnaires can always be developed through further study; doing so would yield a wealth of information that would be immensely useful to the dental sector.
External Hardware and Sensors, for ImprovedMRI
Authors: Madore Bruno , Hess Aaron T. , van Niekerk Adam M. J. , Hoinkiss Daniel C. , Hucker Patrick , Zaitsev Maxim , Afacan Onur , Günther Matthias 
Published: November 2022

Complex engineered systems are often equipped with suites of sensors and ancillary devices that monitor their performance and maintenance needs. MRI scanners are no different in this regard. Some of the ancillary devices available to support MRI equipment, the ones of particular interest here, have the distinction of actually participating in the image acquisition process itself. Most commonly, such devices are used to monitor physiological motion or variations in the scanner's imaging fields, allowing the imaging and/or reconstruction process to adapt as imaging conditions change. “Classic” examples include electrocardiography (ECG) leads and respiratory bellows to monitor cardiac and respiratory motion, which have been standard equipment in scan rooms since the early days of MRI. Since then, many additional sensors and devices have been proposed to support MRI acquisitions. The main physical properties that they measure may be primarily “mechanical” (eg acceleration, speed, and torque), “acoustic” (sound and ultrasound), “optical” (light and infrared), or “electromagnetic” in nature. A review of these ancillary devices, as currently available in clinical and research settings, is presented here. In our opinion, these devices are not in competition with each other: as long as they provide useful and unique information, do not interfere with each other and are not prohibitively cumbersome to use, they might find their proper place in future suites of sensors. In time, MRI acquisitions will likely include a plurality of complementary signals. A little like the microbiome that provides genetic diversity to organisms, these devices can provide signal diversity to MRI acquisitions and enrich measurements. Machine‐learning (ML) algorithms are well suited at combining diverse input signals toward coherent outputs, and they could make use of all such information toward improved MRI capabilities.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Cardiac MRI Left Atrial Strain Associated With New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Min , Chen Wensu , Li Zhi , Wang Yiwen , Liu Dongchen , Duan Yang , Zhang Chaoqun , Wang Zhirong , Lu Yuan 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundLeft atrial (LA) strain is associated with structural remodeling of the LA. Whether there is an association between LA strain obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear.PurposeTo investigate the relationship between LA strain and new‐onset AF after STEMI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThree hundred and seventy‐nine STEMI patients were enrolled, of which 26 had new‐onset AF.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, balanced turbo field echo sequence.AssessmentPatients were divided into w/o AF group and new‐onset AF group. Cardiac MRI images were analyzed using cardiovascular imaging software CVI 42 (Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, Canada). An automatic tracing algorithm was applied to obtain strain values. The reservoir strain, conduit strain, and booster strain were included in model 1, model 2, and model 3, respectively.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test, Mann–Whiney U test, and chi‐square test were performed. Variables with a P ≤ 0.05 were incorporated into the logistic regression analysis. Area under curve of receiver operating characteristic was used to assess the ability of LA strain to identify new‐onset AF. Bayesian information criterion, Akaike information criterion, and C‐index were used to make comparisons between three models. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThree models were used to assess LA strain identification ability for new‐onset AF. After including multiple factors, right coronary artery (RCA), LVEF, and reservoir strain were still risk factors for new‐onset AF in model 1. In model 2, age, RCA, LVEF, and conduit strain were still risk factors for new‐onset AF. In model 3, RCA, LVEF, LVEDVi, and booster strain were still risk factors for new‐onset AF. Model 2 has a stronger identification ability than others.Data ConclusionLA strain associated with new‐onset AF after STEMI. The model including conduit strain was the best‐fit one.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 3
MRI Fat‐Saturated T2‐Weighted Radiomics Model for Identifying the Ki‐67 Index of Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Liyuan , Wang Ting , Jiang Zhiyuan , Li Qingqing , Wu Yinghua , Cai Zhen , Chen Xi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundKi‐67 expression has been shown to be an important risk factor associated with prognosis in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Its assessment requires fine‐needle biopsy and its accuracy can be influenced by tumor heterogeneity.PurposeTo develop and test an MRI‐based radiomics nomogram for identifying the Ki‐67 status of STSs.Study typeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 149 patients at two independent institutions (training cohort [high Ki‐67/low ki‐67]: 102 [52/50], external validation cohort [high Ki‐67/low ki‐67]: 47 [28/19]) with STSs.Field Strength/SequenceFat‐saturated T2‐weighted imaging (FS‐T2WI) with a fat‐suppressed fast spin/turbo spin echo sequence at 1.5 T or 3 T.AssessmentAfter radiomics feature extraction, logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and k‐nearest neighbor (KNN) were used to construct radiomics models to distinguish between high and low Ki‐67 status. Clinical‐MRI characteristics included age, gender, location, size, margin, and MRI morphological features (size, margin, signal intensity, and peritumoral hyperintensity) were assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied for screening significant risk factors. Radiomics nomogram was constructed by radiomics signature and risk factors.Statistical TestsModel performances (discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness) were validated in the validation cohort. The nomogram was assessed using the Harrell index of concordance (C‐index), calibration curve analysis. The clinical utility of the model was assessed by decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsLR, RF, SVM, and KNN models represented AUCs of 0.789, 0.755, 0.726, and 0.701 in the validation cohort (P > 0.05). The nomogram had a C‐index of 0.895 (95% CI: 0.837–0.953) in the training cohort and 0.852 (95% CI: 0.796–0.957) in the validation cohort and it demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility (P = 0.972 for the training cohort and P = 0.727 for the validation cohort).Data ConclusionThis MRI‐based radiomics nomogram developed showed good performance in identifying Ki‐67 expression status in STSs.Level of Evidence3.Technical Efficacy Stage2.
Waterless live transport degrades the flesh quality of Litopenaeus vannamei by disturbing neuroendocrine response: based on physiology and metabolomics
Authors: Xu Defeng , Sun Lijun , Qin Xiaoming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDShrimp is one of the most popular marine foods consumed throughout the world and its freshness is a crucial indicator for consumers. However, the flesh quality degradation of shrimp during waterless live transport has been observed and the underlying mechanism remains unknown.RESULTSThe present study aimed to clarify the biochemistry mechanisms of flesh degradation with integration of quality evaluation, metabolic profiling and histopathological analysis. The flesh quality indicators such as water holding capacity, protein and lipid contents, amino acid composition and myofiber components degraded with the prolongation of combined stress. In addition, the metabolites including gamma‐aminobutyric acid, Val‐Ala, Trh and derivatives of carnitine, phosphocholine and prostaglandin all reduced significantly under combined stress (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (https://www.genome.jp/kegg) analysis revealed the enrichment of neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction and estrogen signaling pathways, indicating the involvement of neuroendocrine in stress response. Moreover, architecture impairment in hepatopancreas tissue verified the accumulation of metabolic disturbance.CONCLUSIONTaken together, the findings of the present study indicate that neuroendocrine system mediates the flesh degradation of L. vannamei during waterless transport by disturbing the biochemical metabolic pathways and inducing architecture impairment of myofibril components. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Differences in grain protein content and regional distribution of 706 rice accessions
Authors: Shi Shijie , Pan Keqiang , Zhang Gaoyu , Zhao Dan , Zhou Hui , Liu Juan , Cao Cougui , Jiang Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDImproving rice quality is one of the main goals of global rice breeding programs, and rice protein content is one of the most important factors affecting rice eating quality. The protein content of rice is mainly determined by genetic factors and also affected by environmental factors. However, the differences and regional distribution of protein content during the evolution of different rice varieties are still unclear.RESULTSThe purpose of this study was to understand the differences in grain protein content of 706 rice accessions in different regions and different rice subtypes. The influencing factors of grain protein content differences were analyzed from the perspectives of genetic characteristics, environment, rice subtypes, and breeding process. The results showed that the grain protein content of indica rice in most countries and regions was higher than that of japonica rice. From the perspective of the rice breeding process, the protein content of modern varieties in japonica was lower than that of landrace varieties. In most countries, modern varieties of indica rice had higher protein content than landrace varieties did.CONCLUSIONThe environment and genetic characteristics caused the change in the protein content of rice. This study has improved our understanding of the differences in protein content of rice from different rice varieties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
CircUCK2 regulates HECTD1‐mediated endothelial‐mesenchymal transition inhibition by interacting with FUS and protects the blood–brain barrier in ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhuang Jun‐Hong , Chen Huan‐Xiong , Gao Ning , Sun Rong‐Dao , Xiao Cheng‐Ye , Zeng De‐Hua , Yu Zheng‐Tao , Peng Jun , Xia Ying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) has become a cerebrovascular disease of widespread concern. Overexpression of circUCK2 alleviates neuronal damage in IS. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of circUCK2 are not fully understood. In this study, we found that circUCK2 and HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HECTD1) were downregulated in IS models in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of circUCK2 or HECTD1 inhibited endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and protected the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mice from damage. It was further discovered that circUCK2 regulated HECTD1 expressions by interacting with fused in sarcoma (FUS). Moreover, FUS overexpression partially restored the effect of circUCK2 on EndoMT, and overexpression of HECTD1 weakened the effect of FUS on EndoMT. Collectively, circUCK2 upregulates the expression of HECTD1 by combining with FUS and inhibits EndoMT to alleviate BBB damage in IS both in vivo and in vitro.
Role of protein phosphorylation in cell signaling, disease, and the intervention therapy
Authors: Pang Kun , Wang Wei , Qin Jia‐Xin , Shi Zhen‐Duo , Hao Lin , Ma Yu‐Yang , Xu Hao , Wu Zhuo‐Xun , Pan Deng , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Han Cong‐Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is an important post‐transcriptional modification involving an extremely wide range of intracellular signaling transduction pathways, making it an important therapeutic target for disease intervention. At present, numerous drugs targeting protein phosphorylation have been developed for the treatment of various diseases including malignant tumors, neurological diseases, infectious diseases, and immune diseases. In this review article, we analyzed 303 small‐molecule protein phosphorylation kinase inhibitors (PKIs) registered and participated in clinical research obtained in a database named Protein Kinase Inhibitor Database (PKIDB), including 68 drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. Based on previous classifications of kinases, we divided these human protein phosphorylation kinases into eight groups and nearly 50 families, and delineated their main regulatory pathways, upstream and downstream targets. These groups include: protein kinase A, G, and C (AGC) and receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC) group, calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CaMK) group, CMGC [Cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Glycogen synthase kinases (GSKs), andCdc2‐like kinases (CLKs)] group, sterile (STE)‐MAPKs group, tyrosine kinases (TK) group, tyrosine kinase‐like (TKL) group, atypical group, and other groups. Different groups and families of inhibitors stimulate or inhibit others, forming an intricate molecular signaling regulatory network. This review takes newly developed new PKIs as breakthrough point, aiming to clarify the regulatory network and relationship of each pathway, as well as their roles in disease intervention, and provide a direction for future drug development.
Female skeletal health and socioeconomic status in medieval Norway (11th–16th centuries AD): Analysis of bone mineral density and stature
Authors: Brødholt Elin T. , Gautvik Kaare M. , Benedictow Ole J. , Günther Clara‐Cecilie , Sjøvold Torstein , Holck Per 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the possible impact of socioeconomic status on bone health in medieval Norway. We measured bone mineral density in the skeletal remains of 101 females from five medieval burial sites in Eastern Norway representing distinct socioeconomic groups by comparing results from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and osteological analysis. Young adult females of high status were taller than parish population females (5.3 cm,p = 0.01), although their femoral neck bone mineral density did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.127). We found that the parish population females had a significantly higher occurrence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in old adulthood (p = 0.003), with an estimated disease risk of 0.53 versus 0.16 in the high‐status group, possibly related to a lower attained maximum bone mineral density. We discuss environmental and genetic factors in light of relevant research literature on life in medieval Norway and offer an explanation for the significant taller stature among high‐status females and the higher risk for osteopenia/osteoporosis in the parish population. This work adds to our knowledge of young adult bone mineral density and bone loss in relation to socioeconomic status in a medieval female population of Norway.
Quantitative analysis of tongue changes with aging using diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kondo Takumi , Muraoka Hirotaka , Ito Kotaro , Hirahara Naohisa , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Iwai Erika , Komiya Masamichi , Kaneda Takashi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to quantitatively assess the changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the tongue with aging using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed the ADC map of 480 patients (230 men, 250 women; mean age, 53.66 years; age range, 20–89 years) with the tongue not affected by disease, between January 2018, and February 2020. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed with the ADC value as the explanatory variable and the sex as the criterion variable. Moreover, we calculated the Spearman's correlation coefficient with age as the criterion variable and ADC value as the explanatory variable.ResultsA significantly positive correlation was found between age and ADC values of the tongue in the men and women groups (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed between the sex and the ADC values of the tongue (P = 0.19).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that age should be taken into consideration when making a differential diagnosis of the tongue using ADC values.
A review on electrospun nanofibers for multiple biomedical applications
Authors: Patel Pratikshkumar R. , Gundloori Rathna Venkata Naga 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrospinning is a well‐known technique since 1544 to fabricate nanofibers using different materials like polymers, metals oxides, proteins, and many more. In recent years, electrospinning has become the most popular technique for manufacturing nanofibers due to its ease of use and economic viability. Nanofibers have remarkable properties like high surface‐to‐volume ratio, variable pore size distribution (10–100 nm), high porosity, low density, and are suitable for surface functionalization. Therefore, electrospun nanofibers have been utilized for numerous applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field like tissue engineering, scaffolds, grafts, drug delivery, and so on. In this review article, we will be focusing on the versatility, current scenario, and future endeavors of electrospun nanofibers for various biomedical applications. This review discusses the properties of nanofibers, the background of the electrospinning technique, and its emergence in chronological order. It also covers the various types of electrospinning methods and their mechanism, further elaborating the factors affecting the properties of nanofibers, and applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, nanofibers as biosensor, skin cancer treatment, and magnetic nanofibers.
A facile fabricating method for smart soft robotic hand
Authors: Du Haiyang , Yao Yongtao , Zhou Xiaoli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA facile fabricating method was proposed for a smart soft robotic hand (SSRH) composed of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires, stainless‐steel springs, and silicon rubber matrix by one‐step curing technology. The SMA wires were embedded into a flexible matrix by pouring silicon rubber into a 3D‐printed hand‐like polylactic acid mold. The good demoulding property was verified after curing at room temperature for 6 h. In addition, the reversible bending behaviors of SSRH were demonstrated by Joule heating actuation. Moreover, the high load‐bearing capability was evaluated by suspending the weight experiment. All the results can provide a new guide for soft robotic hands in future medicinal applications.