bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans
Authors: Chaudhry V Varun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis reflection examines the potential and pitfalls of “trans” as a keyword for feminist anthropology. Drawing on the experiences of one Black trans woman advocate in particular, the author argues for trans as a scalar project, with both potential and pitfalls. The author argues that trans as a scalar project in feminist anthropology pushes the field to recognize the limits, excess, and continuities between, across, and through different gender and sexual categories.
On the investigation of oblique shock‐wave/turbulent boundary‐layer interactions with a high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Gao Min , Kuhn Thomas , Munz Claus‐Dieter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShock‐wave/turbulent boundary‐layer interactions are still a challenge for numerical simulation. The shock capturing needs dissipation to avoid spurious oscillations while turbulence will be falsified by introducing dissipation. Especially, an accurate prediction of quantities such as the skin‐friction coefficient inside the interaction area of shock wave and turbulent flow is a critical point. In this article, we investigate a wall‐resolved large eddy simulation of oblique shock‐wave/turbulent boundary‐layer interactions by a high‐order discontinuous Galerkin scheme. The high‐order scheme handles the turbulent flow very well. The shock‐capturing is confined to the near shock region by switching locally to a finite volume second‐order TVD scheme on subcells. This strategy is completed with the application of a shock indicator to a filtered flow field. A global spanwise filter is applied to avoid switching on the shock‐capturing procedure in regions of under‐resolved turbulent structures. We validate our numerical results first at shock‐wave/laminar boundary‐layer interaction. The main simulation under consideration is a Mach turbulent boundary‐layer with an inlet momentum‐thickness Reynolds number of , interacting with an oblique shock that deflects the incoming flow by . We employ a reformulated synthetic eddy method at the inlet to avoid the influence of recycling‐based turbulence generating schemes on the low‐frequency unsteadiness. The anisotropic linear forcing technique is adopted to further reduce the turbulence recovery length. Through the spectral analysis of wall pressure probes, a typical Strouhal number of around is observed. We attribute the discrepancies between an experimental scaling law and our computation to the three‐dimensional sidewall effects in the experiment. With the assistance of numerical results from this article and other authors, a new scaling law for the spanwise‐periodic computations is suggested to quantify the difference between experimental and computed data.
Deep learning derived automated ASPECTS on non‐contrast CT scans of acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Cao Zehong , Xu Jiaona , Song Bin , Chen Lizhou , Sun Tianyang , He Yichu , Wei Ying , Niu Guozhong , Zhang Yu , Feng Qianjin , Ding Zhongxiang , Shi Feng , Shen Dinggang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide. The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is considered as a systematic method of assessing ischemic change on non‐contrast CT scans (NCCT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, while still suffering from the requirement of experts' experience and also the inconsistent results between readers. In this study, we proposed an automated ASPECTS method to utilize the powerful learning ability of neural networks for objectively scoring CT scans of AIS patients. First, we proposed to use the CT perfusion (CTP) from one‐stop stroke imaging to provide the golden standard of ischemic regions for ASPECTS scoring. Second, we designed an asymmetry network to capture features when comparing the left and right sides for each ASPECTS region to estimate its ischemic status. Third, we performed experiments in a large main dataset of 870 patients, as well as an independent testing dataset consisting of 207 patients with radiologists' scorings. Experimental results show that our network achieved remarkable performance, as sensitivity and accuracy of 93.7 and 92.4% in the main dataset, and 95.5 and 91.3% in the independent testing dataset, respectively. In the latter dataset, our analysis revealed a high positive correlation between the ASPECTS score and the prognosis of patients in 90DmRs. Also, we found ASPECTS score is a good indicator of the size of CTP core volume of an infraction. The proposed method shows its potential for automated ASPECTS scoring on NCCT images.
An overview of the occurrence, fate, and human risks of the bisphenol-A present in plastic materials, components, and products
Authors: Hahladakis John N. , Iacovidou Eleni , Gerassimidou Spyridoula 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With over 95% of bisphenol-A (BPA) used in the production of polycarbonate (PC) and epoxy resins, termed here as BPA-based plastic materials, components, and products (MCPs), an investigation of human exposure to BPA over the whole lifecycle of BPA-based plastic MCPs is necessary. This mini-review unpacks the implications arising from the long-term human exposure to BPA and its potential accumulation across the lifecycle of BPA-based plastics (production, use, and management). This investigation is timely and necessary in promoting a sustainable circular economy model. Restrictions of BPA in the form of bans and safety standards are often specific to products, while safety limits rely on traditional toxicological and biomonitoring methods that may underestimate human health implications and therefore the “safety” of BPA exposure. Controversies in regards to the: (a) dose–response curves; (b) the complexity of sources, release mechanisms, and pathways of exposure; and/or (c) the quality and reliability of toxicological studies, appear to currently stifle progress toward the regulation of BPA-based plastic MCPs. Due to the abundance of BPA in our MCPs production, consumption, and management systems, there is partial and inadequate evidence on the contribution of BPA-based plastic MCPs to human exposure to BPA. Yet, the production, use, and end-of-life management of plastic MCPs constitute the most critical BPA source and potential exposure pathways that require further investigation. Active collaboration among risk assessors, government, policy-makers, and researchers is needed to explore the impacts of BPA in the long term and introduce restrictions to BPA-based MCPs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:45–62. © 2022 SETAC
RAGE is a potential biomarker implicated in immune infiltrates and cellular senescence in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Zhihui , Yu Biyun , Yuan Li , Tu Jinjing , Shao Chuan , Tang Yaodong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundReceptor for Advanced Glycation End‐products (RAGE) is an oncogene abnormally expressed in various cancers. However, the clinical value of RAGE and the biological role of RAGE in lung cancer have not been fully investigated.MethodsWe compared the RAGE expression using several public databases. The relationship between RAGE expression and clinicopathological variables was assessed. The R software package was used to carry out enrichment analyses of RAGE co‐expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Additionally, we used the TIMER database to assess the association between immune infiltration and RAGE expression. The correlation between RAGE expression and senescence biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed using the TCGA database.ResultsOur findings indicated that the expression of RAGE was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, and down‐regulation of RAGE was related to poor overall survival and disease‐free survival. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that RAGE co‐expression genes were mainly associated with neutrophil activation involved in immune response, neutrophil degranulation, and regulation of leukocyte‐mediated immunity. Correlation analysis revealed that RAGE expression was closely related to the purity of the tumor and immune infiltration. GSEA indicated that the RAGE‐related differential genes were mainly enriched in senescence‐related pathways. Besides, the RAGE expression was significantly associated with senescence‐related genes.ConclusionDown‐regulation of RAGE expression was associated with poor prognosis, as well as defective immune infiltration and cellular senescence in lung adenocarcinoma.
Intersectional social identities and loneliness: Evidence from a municipality in Switzerland
Authors: Li Yang , Spini Dario 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examined the extent to which intersectional social identities combine to shape risks of loneliness and identified the specific social clusters that are most at risk of loneliness for more precise and targeted interventions to reduce loneliness in a Swiss municipality. Based on data collected using participatory action research, we used the novel multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) to estimate the predictive power of intersectional social attributes on risk of loneliness. We found that 56% of the between‐strata variance was captured by intersectional interaction but was not explained by the additive effect of social identities. We also found that nationality and education had the strongest predictive power for loneliness. Interventions to reduce loneliness may benefit from understanding the resident population's intersectional identities given that individuals with the same combinations of social identities face a common set of social exposures relating to loneliness.
The clinical application of ultrasonography with superb microvascular imaging‐a review
Authors: Tang Kui , Liu Minghui , Zhu Yun , Zhang Ming , Niu Chengcheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuperb microvascular imaging (SMI) is among the latest doppler ultrasound methods. It uses an advanced clutter filter to eliminate artifacts caused by breathing, movement and retains the low‐speed blood signals in microvessels. The great advantage of SMI is that it can intuitively detect very slow blood signals in microvessels, providing clinicians with more significant information about flow distribution in the target area. Therefore, it is speculated that SMI has important application value. The purpose of this article is to outline the application of SMI in different parts of the body.
A new strategy to count and sort neutrophil‐derived extracellular vesicles: Validation in infectious disorders
Authors: Bonifay Amandine , Robert Stéphane , Champagne Belinda , Petit Paul‐Rémi , Eugène Aude , Chareyre Corinne , Duchez Anne‐Claire , Vélier Mélanie , Fritz Shirley , Vallier Loris , Lacroix Romaric , Dignat‐George Françoise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNewly recognized polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMNs) functions include the ability to release subcellular mediators such as neutrophil‐derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) involved in immune and thrombo‐inflammatory responses. Elevation of their plasmatic level has been reported in a variety of infectious and cardiovascular disorders, but the clinical use of this potential biomarker is hampered by methodological issues. Although flow cytometry (FCM) is currently used to detect NDEVs in the plasma of patients, an extensive characterization of NDEVs has never been done. Moreover, their detection remains challenging because of their small size and low antigen density. Therefore, the objective of the present study was first to establish a surface antigenic signature of NDEVs detectable by FCM and therefore to improve their detection in biological fluids by developing a strategy allowing to overcome their low fluorescent signal and reduce the background noise. By testing a large panel of 54 antibody specificities already reported to be positive on PMNs, we identified a profile of 15 membrane protein markers, including 4 (CD157, CD24, CD65 and CD66c) never described on NDEVs. Among them, CD15, CD66b and CD66c were identified as the most sensitive and specific markers to detect NDEVs by FCM. Using this antigenic signature, we developed a new strategy combining the three best antibodies in a cocktail and reducing the background noise by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This strategy allowed a significant improvement in NDEVs enumeration in plasma from sepsis patients and made it feasible to efficiently sort NDEVs from COVID‐19 patients. Altogether, this work opens the door to a more valuable measurement of NDEVs as a potential biomarker in clinical practice. A similar strategy could also be applied to improve detection by FCM of other rare subpopulations of EVs generated by tissues with limited access, such as vascular endothelium, cancer cells or placenta.
Transfusable neutrophil progenitors as cellular therapy for the prevention of invasive fungal infections
Authors: Sykes David B , Martinelli Michelle M , Negoro Paige , Xu Shuying , Maxcy Katrina , Timmer Kyle , Viens Adam L , Alexander Natalie J , Atallah Johnny , Snarr Brendan D , Baistrocchi Shane R , Atallah Natalie J , Hopke Alex , Scherer Allison , Rosales Ivy , Irimia Daniel , Sheppard Donald C , Mansour Michael K 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of mature neutrophil (granulocyte) transfusions for the treatment of neutropenic patients with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has been the focus of multiple clinical trials. Despite these efforts, the transfusion of mature neutrophils has resulted in limited clinical benefit, likely owing to problems of insufficient numbers and the very short lifespan of these donor cells. In this report, we employed a system of conditionally immortalized murine neutrophil progenitors that are capable of continuous expansion, allowing for the generation of unlimited numbers of homogenous granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs). These GMPs were assayed in vivo to demonstrate their effect on survival in 2 models of IFI: candidemia and pulmonary aspergillosis. Mature neutrophils derived from GMPs executed all cardinal functions of neutrophils. Transfused GMPs homed to the bone marrow and spleen, where they completed normal differentiation to mature neutrophils. These neutrophils were capable of homing and extravasation in response to inflammatory stimuli using a sterile peritoneal challenge model. Furthermore, conditionally immortalized GMP transfusions significantly improved survival in models of candidemia and pulmonary aspergillosis. These data confirm the therapeutic benefit of prophylactic GMP transfusions in the setting of neutropenia and encourage development of progenitor cellular therapies for the management of fungal disease in high-risk patients.
Effect of elevated fasting blood glucose level on the 1‐year mortality and sequelae in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A bidirectional cohort study
Authors: Chai Chen , Chen Kui , Li Shoupeng , Cheng Gang , Wang Wendan , Wang Hongxiang , Wei Dunshuang , Peng Cao , Sun Qi , Tang Zehai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo observe the predictive effect of fasting blood glucose (FBG) level on the prognosis, clinical sequelae, and pulmonary absorption in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with and without a history of diabetes, respectively, and to evaluate the correlation between the dynamic changes of FBG and poor prognosis. In this bidirectional cohort study, we enrolled 2545 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients (439 diabetics and 2106 without a diabetic history) and followed up for 1 year. The patients were divided according to the level of admission FBG. The dynamic changes of FBG were compared between the survival and the death cases. The prediction effect of FBG on 1‐year mortality and sequelae was analyzed. The 1‐year all cause mortality rate and in‐hospital mortality rate of COVID‐19 patients were J‐curve correlated with FBG (p < 0.001 for both in the nondiabetic history group, p = 0.004 and p = 0.01 in the diabetic history group). FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L had a higher risk of developing sequelae (p = 0.025) and have slower recovery of abnormal lung scans (p < 0.001) in patients who denied a history of diabetes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for the mortality of COVID‐19 regardless of the presence or deny a history of diabetes (hazard atio [HR] = 10.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.15−15.83, p < 0.001; HR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.56−9.77, p = 0.004, respectively). Our study shows that FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L can be a predictive factor of 1‐year all‐cause mortality in COVID‐19 patients, independent of diabetes history. FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L has an advantage in predicting the severity, clinical sequelae, and pulmonary absorption in COVID‐19 patients without a history of diabetes. Early detection, timely treatment, and strict control of blood glucose when finding hyperglycemia in COVID‐19 patients (with or without diabetes) are critical for their prognosis.
Intelligent recognition of radar emitters with agile waveform based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Feng Yuntian , Wang Guoliang , Liu Zhipeng , Chen Xiang , Xu Xiong , Han Hui , Tai Ning , Wu Ruowu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the traditional radar emitter recognition task, the number of emitter category tags is fixed and relatively small. We input the pulse characteristic parameters into the machine learning model to model the radar emitter. The radar emitters with agile waveform involves four different waveform categories. The number of specific emitter categories contained in different waveform categories is extremely unbalanced. Their parameters vary widely, so only using the same model or strategy to model each waveform category cannot effectively extract the core features of the radar emitters with agile waveform. The above is the main reason for the low recognition accuracy of the recognition task of radar emitters with agile waveform. In this paper, a deep reinforcement learning framework is designed to be used in the intelligent recognition task of radar emitters with agile waveform. The task is regarded as a two‐step decision game. We use CNN and Bi‐LSTM to model the radar emitter, and calculate the initial state and transition state of the game. At the same time, we design the penalty function in reinforcement learning and increase the penalty for the wrong decision in the first step to deal with the imbalance of the number of emitters between different waveform categories. Finally, the Q‐Learning algorithm with approximate values is used to learn the control strategy of the game, that is, the modeling and recognition strategy adopted for emitters of different waveform categories. The simulation experiment results show that the deep reinforcement learning framework constructed in the article can improve the recognition accuracy of 1.2% compared with the state‐of‐the‐art method in the intelligent recognition task of radar emitters with agile waveform.
Three‐stage CMOSamplifier: Frequency compensated using fully differential block
Authors: Bandari Mohammad Ali , Setoudeh Farbod , Tavakoli Mohammad Bagher , Dousti Massoud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe advancement of CMOS technology limits designers' options for multi‐stage configurations as a promising alternative to cascade structures. The main issue of designing multi‐stage amplifiers is frequency compensation since cascade structures are volatile. An efficient three‐stage amplifier, which is frequency compensated using a fully differential block, is proposed in this work. The differential block enhances the Miller effect to reduce the size of compensation capacitors, and this leads to less die occupation. The compensation network shares the differential block between two Miller loops while two Miller capacitors at the outputs of the differential block cause pole‐zero cancelation to increase operating frequency range. The proposed structure is modeled by a linear transfer function and simulated via HSPICE software using CMOS library. Simulation results indicate excellent performance and acceptable robustness against parameter mismatches and probable fabrication errors. According to the simulations, the proposed amplifier has a DC gain of , a gain‐bandwidth product of , a phase margin of , and a power dissipation of . The high performance of the proposed three‐stage amplifier with an enhanced figure of merit makes it a perfect alternative to the amplifiers based on the conventional reverse nested Miller compensation.
Volumetric differences in hippocampal subfields and associations with clinical measures in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Thapaliya Kiran , Staines Donald , Marshall‐Gradisnik Sonya , Su Jiasheng , Barnden Leighton 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients suffer from a cognitive and memory dysfunction. Because the hippocampus plays a key role in both cognition and memory, we tested for volumetric differences in the subfields of the hippocampus in ME/CFS. We estimated hippocampal subfield volumes for 25 ME/CFS patients who met Fukuda criteria only (ME/CFSFukuda), 18 ME/CFS patients who met the stricter ICC criteria (ME/CFSICC), and 25 healthy controls (HC). Group comparisons with HC detected extensive differences in subfield volumes in ME/CFSICC but not in ME/CFSFukuda. ME/CFSICC patients had significantly larger volume in the left subiculum head (p < 0.001), left presubiculum head (p = 0.0020), and left fimbria (p = 0.004). Correlations of hippocampus subfield volumes with clinical measures were stronger in ME/CFSICC than in ME/CFSFukuda patients. In ME/CFSFukuda patients, we detected positive correlations between fatigue and hippocampus subfield volumes and a negative correlation between sleep disturbance score and the right CA1 body volume. In ME/CFSICC patients, we detected a strong negative relationship between fatigue and left hippocampus tail volume. Strong negative relationships were also detected between pain and SF36 physical scores and two hippocampal subfield volumes (left: GC‐ML‐DG head and CA4 head). Our study demonstrated that volumetric differences in hippocampal subfields have strong statistical inference for patients meeting the ME/CFSICC case definition and confirms hippocampal involvement in the cognitive and memory problems of ME/CFSICC patients.
The role of the Near East surface pressure variations in recent past trends of wet season precipitation in the Levant
Authors: Krichak Simon O. , Alpert Pinhas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing the ERA‐20C reanalysis and CRU TS4.03 observation based data, the study indicates a role of the rise in October–March mean seasonal surface pressure over the Near East (NE) in an intensification of moist air mass transport from Africa into the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) region during the last several decades. This yet non‐addressed relevant mechanism allows an explanation for the actual less intense than over the rest of the Mediterranean Region (MR) precipitation decline as well as the rise in frequency of extreme precipitation events in the southern part of the EM under the global warming conditions in recent decades. This factor appears to be contributing in slowing the global warming associated precipitation decline in the southeastern EM and significant changes in the structure of the regional precipitation leading to an increase in the contribution of extreme precipitation associated with an intensification of the moist air mass transport over northeastern Africa—Arabian Peninsula area.