bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sustainability of the Impact of Pharmacists’ Educational Programs on
the Adherence to the Recommendations of Preoperative Antibiotic
Prophylaxis Guidelines
Authors: Mehrpooya Maryam , Rangchian Maryam , Shah-Ebrahimi Tina 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
This study was designed to evaluate the sustainability of the impact of
educational programs provided by pharmacists on the appropriateness of surgical antibiotic
prophylaxis and cost-savings in a short time and a long time after the intervention.

Methods and Materials:
This prospective educational interventional study was conducted in a tertiary
referral hospital for surgery in the West of Iran from September 2018 to October 2019. The
study was designed in three phases: pre-intervention phase, short term after the intervention, and
six months after the intervention. Within a one month course, several educational sessions regarding
the appropriate preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis based on the recommendations of the American
Society of Health-System Pharmacists guideline (ASHPs) were provided by a clinical pharmacist
in an interactive manner for the surgeons. The appropriateness of antibiotic prophylaxis regarding
the necessity for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis use (indication), the choice of antibiotic,
the timing of antibiotic administration, the route of administration, the dose of antibiotics, and the
total duration of antibiotic prophylaxis were evaluated and compared before and after the educational
intervention. Additionally, medication-related costs, non-medication-related costs, antibiotic
prophylaxis-related costs, and total costs of care were also assessed before and after the educational
intervention.

Results:
Our survey showed that total adherence to the guideline recommendations among surgeons
in our center was relatively low, and in 71.8% of procedures, at least in one of the quality
indicators, non-adherence to the guideline recommendations was observed. After the educational
intervention, a significant improvement in the rationality of antibiotic prophylaxis, in terms of not
administrating antibiotic prophylaxis in procedures without indication, appropriate timing of administration,
appropriate antibiotic dose, and appropriate duration of antibiotic prophylaxis, especially
in the short time after the intervention was observed that ultimately reduced the medication,
non-medication, antibiotic prophylaxis related, and total therapeutic costs.

Conclusions:
Our survey showed that educational interventions provided by pharmacists in an interactive
manner could improve guideline recommendations’ adherence among surgeons, particularly
in a short time. Thus, continuous education still should be considered an essential element of
a multifaceted intervention for improving guideline adherence.
Safety Issues of Nanomaterials for Dermal Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Lotfipour Farzaneh , Shahi Shahriar , Khezri Khadijeh , Salatin Sara , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Nanomaterials (NMs) have favorable application in the medicine area, specifically in
regard to the carrying of pharmaceutical ingredients to provide targeted drug delivery systems. The
skin is an excellent route for the delivery of pharmaceutical nano-transporters for skin-related applications.
The physicochemical properties of nanomaterials such as size, hydrophobicity, loading
capacity, charge and weight are vital for a skin penetrating system. Many nanocarriers such as
polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanomaterials and, lipid nanostructures have been utilized for
dermal delivery of active ingredients and others such as carbon nanotubes and fullerenes require
more examination for future application in the skin-related area. Some negative side effects and
nano-cytotoxicity of nanomaterials require special attention while investigating different nanomaterials
for medicinal applications. Then, in the current review, we had a view on the safety issues
of nanomaterials for dermal pharmaceutical products.
Agent-based Localization using Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bennur Vidya S. , Sutagundar Ashok V. , Bhajantri Lokesh B. 
Published: April 2022

Aims:
This paper presents agent-based localization using the mobile sink in wireless sensor
networks. This proposed scheme is less expensive than GPS. It has a longer lifetime and is more
energy-efficient. The mobile sink has a large and easily replenishable energy reserve and is movable
within the sensor network's deployment area.

Objectives:
In this work, a mobile sink is proposed that traverses inside the network's boundary and
gathers information at a low energy cost.

Methods:
The use of a mobile sink in localization introduces a new way to reduce energy consumption
in WSNs. The location of a mobile sink beacon signal is known to all the sensor nodes and is also
communicated periodically to all the sensor nodes. The distance measurements of the three beacon
signals broadcasted by the mobile sink moving in a predetermined path and time slot are considered in
this scheme, which uses the trilateration method to compute the position of the node. For isolated
nodes, location estimation is performed for non-GPS equipped nodes to derive from the network their
locations by using the reference node beacon signals and performing multilateration. For nodes that
receive only one beacon signal from the sink, position estimation is performed by considering the reference
node beacon signal by iterative multilateration technique.

Results:
In this scheme, reference nodes are those nodes that are localized by the sink, and no GPS is
included. The proposed algorithm is simulated using C language, and some of the performance parameters
used for the evaluation of the scheme are localization time, localization error, data gathering
time, and communication overhead.

Conclusion:
The proposed work is compared to the centralized algorithm and the proposed work has
been found to outperform the existing networks.
Second Wave of Covid-19 with Seasonal Influenza (Flu) in Uttar Pradesh,
Northern India: A Cohort Study
Authors: Rais Nadeem , Ved Akash , Ahmad Rizwan , Parveen Kehkashan , Prakash Om , Bari Darakhshan Gazala , Ahmad Khursheed , Farman Muhammad , Alam Naze 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2) infection, while influenza viruses cause the flu. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza
virus co-infection seems to be a real and serious concern.

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the clinical features, laboratory investigations, computed
tomography scans, and interventions of Covid-19 patients during seasonal influenza.

Methods:
This was a multi-center prospective cohort study that collected data from hospitals,
clinics, and laboratories on measurements, treatments, and outcomes from Covid-19 patients
admitted to temporary Covid-19 care centers.

Results:
A total of 480 individuals (female, 231 [48.12%]; male, 249 [51.88%]) were recruited
from March 31st to May 14th, 2021 at five hospitals/clinics in Uttar Pradesh, North India. The
patients were divided into six groups based on their age (65+ years [25.41% of cases] being the
most affected age) and five groups based on their conditions (asymptomatic 65 [13.54%], mild
94 [19.58%], moderate 206 [42.91%], severe 84 [17.50%] and critical 31 [6.45%]). Patients’
outcomes were documented as death (19 [3.95%]), recovery (421 [87.71%]) and undertreatment
(40 [8.34%]).

Conclusions:
The most common clinical symptoms reported were fever, sore throat, and
dyspnea. The severity was linked to hypoxemia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and high blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The vast majority
of patients were given symptomatic treatment. Any onset of fever should be suspected and
examined for the viral strain to distinguish between Covid-19 and the seasonal flu.
Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of
Essential Oil of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt (Citronella) from Western
Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Dipesh , Sharma Prabha , Pandey Anisha , Dhakal Kamal , Baral Ram Prasad , Adhikari Achyut 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Essential oils (EOs) are a mixture of volatile compounds of plant origin, which
possess substantial biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activity.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial
activity of essential oil isolated from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.

Methods::
The hydro-distillation method was used for the isolation of essential oil. The chemical
composition of the isolated essential oil was analyzed using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) technique. Antioxidant activity was determined using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 value was calculated. The welldiffusion
method was applied for the antibacterial activity, and the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was
measured.

Results:
The essential oil from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt was isolated with a 0.5% yield. Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) analysis reported 19 different compounds, out of
which, Geraniol (28.87%), Citronellal (11.85%), Citronellol (10.88%), Geranial (9.19%), trans-
Geranyl acetate (9.11%), and Neral (8.02%) were found to be the major constituents. The essential
oil was a promising antioxidant with an IC50 value of 0.458±0.39μg/mL compared to the standard
Quercetin of 1.187±0.22μg/mL. In addition, the isolated essential oil revealed antibacterial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI=13.2mm), Bacillus subtilis (ZOI=9.9mm), and Enterococcus
faecalis (ZOI=8.4mm).

Conclusions:
The essential oil isolated from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt exhibits antioxidant
and antibacterial activity, implying that it could find use in modern medicine.
Corrigendum to: What Keeps Elderly Indonesians Working?
Authors: Editorial Team JEP:KMEP 
Published: April 2022

This is a corrigendum to Putri, E., Wulansari, D. (2021). What Keeps Elderly Indonesians Working?. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 22(1), 90-103. doi:https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v22i1.13807The name of the second author changed to "Dyah Wulan Sari" from "Dyah Wulansari"
Basic pancreatic lesions: Radiologic-pathologic correlation
Authors: Bian Yun , Jiang Hui , Zheng Jianming , Shao Chengwei , Lu Jianping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The basic pancreatic lesions include location, size, shape, number, capsule, calcification/calculi, hemorrhage, cystic degeneration, fibrosis, pancreatic duct alterations, and microvessel. One or more basic lesions form a kind of pancreatic disease. As recognizing the characteristic imaging features of pancreatic basic lesions and their relationships with pathology aids in differentiating the variety of pancreatic diseases. The purpose of this study is to review the pathological and imaging features of the basic pancreatic lesions.
The main issues of interest research
Authors: Karavaeva Yuliya Viktorovna , Litvinova Svetlana Viktorovna 
Published: April 2022

The article considers interest as a social phenomenon characterized by its internal inconsistency and manifesting itself both in objective social reality and in the subjective perception of a social subject. The transformation of interest from objective to subjective and vice versa is analyzed. On the basis of this transformation, the main scientific issues of interest research related to the interaction of group, public and personal interests, their awareness, transformation into the main driving force of social activity of subjects, as well as the possibilities of its regulation by taking into account interests, are described. Special emphasis is placed on the study of the processes of formation of social subjectivity involving the spheres of communication, activity and self-consciousness of a social subject. Consideration of interests as the main elements of the process of socialization allows us to explore their transformation during the assimilation and reproduction of social experience, affecting such important processes as interiorization, identification and self-realization. The analysis of interests, taking into account the peculiarities of social and individual aspects of socialization, shows their role in ensuring the successful functioning of a social subject in society. The article describes in detail the difficulties of taking into account interests in the course of regulating social relations and substantiates the causes of existing problems of interest research related to both external factors of society development and internal factors of personal interest formation. The significant directions of research of interests in modern conditions of development of society are determined, contributing to the awareness of problematic areas of their study, understanding of the social foundations of social processes and the development of sociological ideas about the structure and content of social actions.
The history of Russian criminal proceedings against minors
Authors: Fedotova Mariya Mikhailovna 
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the development of the historical path of the procedural status of a minor in the framework of criminal proceedings. The author substantiates the need to study its development in order to prevent mistakes of the past and develop modern legislation taking into account the historical procedural past. The object of the research is the analysis of Russian legislation in the historical context and the influence of the social and political situation on the relations of the legislator and minor participants in the criminal process. When writing the article, the author relied on the use of system-structural and structural-functional methods, which allowed to reveal the features and patterns of evolution of both criminal proceedings and juvenile law. The author proposes to consider the evolution of Russian criminal proceedings against minors through five main periods, starting from the legislation of Ancient Russia to the present day. For each of the selected periods, he identifies characteristic and specific features that in one way or another characterize the procedural features of criminal proceedings in criminal cases against minors. The main conclusions of the research conducted by the author are to identify the features and patterns of the historical period, the social and political levels of development of society and Russian legislation in general and criminal procedure legislation in particular. The author comes to the conclusion that it is impossible to solve modern legislative problems that stand in criminal proceedings against minors without taking into account historical experience. This approach helps to understand not only the historical path of the formation of the Russian criminal process in relation to minors, but also to take into account the peculiarities of mentality when solving existing controversial or problematic issues regarding the procedural status of minors.
Theoretical foundations of building a system of taxation of the population
Authors: Tikhonova Anna Vital'evna 
Published: April 2022

The subject of the article is the system of taxation of individuals. A review of the literature on its content and the author's vision is presented. The author identifies the factors affecting the taxation of individuals. A detailed theoretical overview of the classical and modern principles of the taxation system is presented, as well as their refraction in the context of taxation of the population. Special attention in the study is paid to the trends on the basis of which the taxation of individuals should be based. As a result, the author presents a four-level group of principles for building a system of taxation of the population. In addition, possible approaches to the organization of the taxation system of individuals are analyzed. The scientific novelty of this study consists in the formation of a hierarchically structured system of principles for the construction and functioning of the taxation system of individuals, including basic, classical, modern and specific principles. The specified hierarchy of taxation principles is determined depending on the degree of their detail and relation to the entire system or its individual elements. It is determined that the system of taxation of individuals is presented as a dualistic, logically integrated, on the one hand, into the national tax system, on the other hand, into the national social policy, a set of hierarchy of taxation principles integrated into the legally established rules of taxation.
MÔ HÌNH HÀNG ĐỢI RETRIAL TRONG HỆ THỐNG TRUNG TÂM CUỘC GỌI VỚI YẾU TỐ CÂN BẰNG TRỘN CUỘC GỌI
Authors: Chương Đặng Thanh , Hoàng Đình Long , Cương Hoa Lý , Trinh Nguyễn Đặng Duy , Sơn Nguyễn Thanh 
Published: April 2022

Trong các hệ thống trung tâm cuộc gọi, sự trộn lẫn các cuộc gọi (call blending) bao gồm sự pha trộn các hoạt động của các cuộc gọi vào (incoming call) và các cuộc gọi ra (outgoing call). Bài báo này sẽ xem xét một mô hình hàng đợi retrial với tốc độ retrial là không thay đổi (constant retrial rate) cho các cuộc gọi đến nhằm phân tích hệ thống trung tâm cuộc gọi với sự kết hợp các hoạt động của các cuộc gọi vào và các cuộc gọi ra. Các cuộc gọi đến khi chưa thể được phục vụ sẽ được lưu trữ trong bộ đệm và sau đó sẽ được gửi đến lại máy chủ sau một khoảng thời gian ngẫu nhiên. Ngay khi máy chủ chuyển sang chế độ rỗi, nó sẽ thực hiện cuộc gọi đi. Mô hình phân tích trong bài báo này sử dụng một hệ thống hàng đợi retrial với kích thước orbit giới hạn cho hệ thống trung tâm cuộc gọi với truyền thông 2-chiều (mối tương quan giữa các cuộc gọi đến và cuộc gọi đi) và tốc độ retrial không thay đổi trong cả 2 trường hợp đơn và đa máy chủ. Bài báo sử dụng phương pháp phân tích quá trình giả sinh tử theo ma trận sinh để tính các xác suất trạng thái cân bằng đối với mô hình phân tích để đạt được kết quả mong muốn.
On Inviting Seniors to the Dance of Life
Authors: Aspy Dave 
Published: April 2022

A friend of mine is a sturdy guy who gives an appearance of invulnerability. His crooked nose, scarred bald head and well-muscled mesomorphic body tell others quickly that he has had a few scrapes with "real life" and though his head is slightly bloody, it's unbowed. His earthy phrasing and sparkling eyes make it clear he's still strong at 62 years of age.My buddy was an officer in the U.S. Marine Corp. He twice coached the state football champions and for ten years handled a major school system's toughest discipline problems.
I figured my good friend would be happy when retirement arrived and while we celebrated the occasion over lunch we laughed long and hard reliving some of his encounters. At the close of the "victory party" I commented, "You must be glad to be free from all that crap." His answer surprised me. He said, "I'm scared as hell. I don't know what I'm going to do. Oh, I'll stay busy, but I picture myself sitting in shopping malls with some other old codgers while we watch people stroll through." I looked in his courageous eyes and saw his tears that underscored the deep fear this tough old combat veteran felt.
The Value of Intimate Relationships and the Challenge of Conflict
Authors: Howe Frank 
Published: April 2022

The value and importance of human intimacy is examined as acomplex combination of passion, commitment, friendship, andlove. Models of healthy and unhealthy conflict in relationshipsare offered as well as suggestions for moving from unhealthyexpressions of conflict to healthy ones.

Human intimacy is a complex combination of passion, commitment,friendship, and love in which two individuals experiencea compelling desire for ongoing close interaction with each other.Such interactions typically span the full range of human activity.Intimate relationships are social, physical, intellectual, and spiritual.They support work, leisure, and learning. Unfortunately,popular media (television, movies, books, magazines) often offer amodern view of the risks of intimacy, which seems to imply thatattempting to find a life-partner is fraught with such peril and lowprobability of success that one might better spend the time learninghow to be comfortably alone. There is a great sadness to such awidespread perception. We are in fact social creatures. At the verycenter of our social system is, or should be, deeply caring relationships.Intimate relationships provide mutual support, mutual fulfillment,and promote positive growth and development. These relationshipsare the bedrock of the fundamental social system: thefamily. It is important then to affirm the value of intimacy and toidentify ways to maintain a healthy intimate relationship. As a beginning,let's examine some of the benefits of such relationships.
Peranan Wondershare Video dan Booklet dalam Meningkatkan Perilaku Jumantik-PSN Anak Sekolah dan Keberadaan Jentik di Kelurahan Bukit Tunggal Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Natalansyah Natalansyah , Nyamin Yongwan , H Marselinus 
Published: April 2022

<span lang="EN-AU">D</span><span lang="EN-US">BD</span><span> merupakan </span><span lang="EN-US">salah satu penyakit menular merupakan masalah kesehatan utama Indonesia</span><span>, termasuk di </span><span lang="EN-US">. Kota Palangka Raya</span><span>, dimana angkanya semakin meningkat.</span><span lang="EN-US"> Salah satu strategi mengoptimal</span><span lang="EN-AU">kan</span><span lang="EN-US"> peran serta masyarakat dalam pengendalian DBD adalah pemberdayaan peserta didik dengan media <em>wondershare</em> video </span><span lang="EN-AU">untuk</span><span lang="EN-US"> Jumantik-PSN anak sekolah</span><span lang="EN-AU">. </span><span lang="EN-US">Tujuan penelitian </span><span>adalahm untuk</span><span lang="EN-US"> mengetahui perbedaan penggunaan media <em>wondershare</em> video dengan <em>booklet</em> dalam meningkatkan perilaku jumantik-PSN anak sekolah dan keberadaan jentik di SMP Negeri 3 dan 14 Kelurahan Bukit Tunggal Kota Palangka Raya. </span><span>Penelitian ini menggunakan desain </span><span lang="EN-US">eksperimental </span><span>dengan t</span><em><span lang="EN-US">wo group pre and posttest design</span></em><span lang="EN-US">. </span><span>Jumlah s</span><span lang="EN-US">ampel</span><span> sebanyak </span><span lang="EN-US">40 siswa SMPN kelas VIII, masing-masing 20 kelompok eksperimen dan control</span><span>. Data sikap dan perilaku dikumpulkan pada dua kelompok penelitian. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan </span><em><span lang="EN-US">independent t-test</span><span>. </span></em><span>Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan </span><span lang="EN-US">terdapat perbedaan peningkatan rata-rata skor, sikap </span><span>(p</span><span lang="EN-US">=0,038</span><span>)</span><span> <span lang="EN-US">dan perilaku</span></span><span> (p</span><span lang="EN-US">=0,001</span><span>)</span><span lang="EN-US"> antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok intervensi</span><span>. Dengan demikian disempulkan</span><span lang="EN-US">media <em>Wondershare video</em> efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku oleh Jumantik-PSN Anak Sekolah</span><span lang="EN-AU">, </span><span lang="EN-US">oleh karena itu disaran pada pihak sekolah dan Puskesmas agar menggunakan media </span><span lang="EN-AU">ini</span><span lang="EN-US"> dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan angka bebas jentik (ABJ) terhadap pencegahan dan penanggulangan DBD</span>