bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP314A1‐dependent 20‐hydroxyecdysone biosynthesis is involved in regulating the development of pupal diapause and energy metabolism in the Chinese citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Xiong , Dou Wei , Li Chuan‐Ren , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiapause is an environmentally preprogrammed period of arrested development, and characterized by metabolic depression that can occur during any development stage of insect. The insect steroid hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E), is converted from ecdysone by the cytochrome P450 enzyme shade (CYP314A1), and it exerts a potent effect on the induction and maintenance of diapause in obligatory diapause insects. However, the regulatory mechanism of 20E in obligatory diapause development remains unclear. In this study, the function of 20E in the pupal diapause of Bactrocera minax was investigated.RESULTSWe determined the expression pattern of Halloween P450 genes from larval to adult B. minax, and found differential expression of CYP314A1 from other P450 genes, with a high level in larvae and a low level in pupae. Dysfunction of CYP314A1 by dsCYP314A1 microinjection in third‐instar larvae caused significant larval mortality or abnormal pupae. Compared with dsGFP and DEPC‐water, dsCYP314A1‐injected larvae had significantly reduced 20E titer and altered energy metabolism, and many individuals failed to pupate. Exogenous 20E microinjected into late third‐instar larvae or 20E fed to early third‐instar larvae both caused similar energy metabolism changes. The 20E‐treated larvae of B. minax had reduced total lipids and increased amounts of trehalose and glycogen. Furthermore, 20E‐treated diapause individuals showed rapid pupal development.CONCLUSIONThe 20E biosynthesis was regulated by the expression of CYP314A1, and was involved in the induction and termination phase of obligate diapause by regulating energy metabolism in B. minax. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review
Authors: Ali Islam A. A. , Neelakantan Prasanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnterococcus faecalis is a leading causative pathogen of recalcitrant infections affecting heart valves, urinary tract, surgical wounds and dental root canals. Its robust biofilm formation, production of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance contribute significantly to its pathogenicity in persistent infections. The decreased effectiveness of most of antibiotics in preventing and/or eradicating E. faecalis biofilms mandates the discovery of alternative novel antibiofilm agents. Phytochemicals are potential sources of antibiofilm agents due to their antivirulence activity, diversity of chemical structure and multiple mechanisms of action. In this review, we describe the phenotypic and genetic attributes that contribute to antimicrobial tolerance of E. faecalis biofilms. We illuminate the benefits of implementing the phytochemicals to tackle microbial pathogens. Finally, we report the antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against E. faecalis, and explain their mechanisms of action. These compounds belong to different chemical classes such as terpenes, phenylpropenes, flavonoids, curcuminoids and alkaloids. They demonstrate the ability to inhibit the formation of and/or eradicate E. faecalis biofilms. However, the exact mechanisms of action of most of these compounds are not fully understood. Therefore, the future studies should elucidate the underlying mechanisms in detail.
Engineered Nucleotide Chemicapacitive Microsensor Array Augmented with Physics‐Guided Machine Learning for High‐Throughput Screening of Cannabidiol
Authors: Yap Stephanie Hui Kit , Pan Jieming , Linh Dao Viet , Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Xinghua , Teo Wei Zhe , Zamburg Evgeny , Tham Chen‐Khong , Yew Wen Shan , Poh Chueh Loo , Thean Aaron Voon‐Yew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent legalization of cannabidiol (CBD) to treat neurological conditions such as epilepsy has sparked rising interest across global pharmaceuticals and synthetic biology industries to engineer microbes for sustainable synthetic production of medicinal CBD. Since the process involves screening large amounts of samples, the main challenge is often associated with the conventional screening platform that is time consuming, and laborious with high operating costs. Here, a portable, high‐throughput Aptamer‐based BioSenSing System (ABS3) is introduced for label‐free, low‐cost, fully automated, and highly accurate CBD concentrations’ classification in a complex biological environment. The ABS3 comprises an array of interdigitated microelectrode sensors, each functionalized with different engineered aptamers. To further empower the functionality of the ABS3, unique electrochemical features from each sensor are synergized using physics‐guided multidimensional analysis. The capabilities of this ABS3 are demonstrated by achieving excellent CBD concentrations’ classification with a high prediction accuracy of 99.98% and a fast testing time of 22 µs per testing sample using the optimized random forest (RF) model. It is foreseen that this approach will be the key to the realistic transformation from fundamental research to system miniaturization for diagnostics of disease biomarkers and drug development in the field of chemical/bioanalytics.
Two‐Dimensional Ultra‐Thin Nanosheets with Extraordinarily High Drug Loading and Long Blood Circulation for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang He , Zhang Liang , Cao Zhenbang , Cheong Soshan , Boyer Cyrille , Wang Zhigang , Yun Sung Lai Jimmy , Amal Rose , Gu Zi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanoparticle drug delivery is largely restricted by the low drug loading capacity of nanoparticle carriers. To address this critical challenge and maximize the potential of nanoparticle drug delivery, a 2D ultra‐thin layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet with exceptionally high drug loading, excellent colloidal stability, and prolonged blood circulation for cancer treatment is constructed. The nanosheet is synthesized via a biocompatible polymer‐assisted bottom‐up method and exhibits an ultra‐thin 2D sheet‐like structure that enables a considerable amount of cargo anchoring sites available for drug loading, leading to an extraordinary 734% (doxorubicin/nanoparticle mass ratio) drug loading capacity. Doxorubicin delivered by the nanosheet remains stable on the nanosheet carrier under the physiological pH condition, while showing sustained release in the tumor microenvironment and the intracellular environment, thus demonstrating on‐demand drug release as a result of pH‐responsive biodegradation of nanosheets. Using in vitro and in vivo 4T1 breast cancer models, the nanosheet‐based ultra‐high drug‐loading system demonstrates even enhanced therapeutic performance compared to the multilayered LDH‐based high drug‐loading system, in terms of increased cellular uptake efficiency, prolonged blood circulation, superior therapeutic effect, and reduced systemic toxicity.
Fast Self‐Assembly of Photonic Crystal Hydrogel for Wearable Strain and Temperature Sensor
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Wang Yan , Shi Zhekun , Tan Di , Yang Xichen , Xiong Lingheng , Li Gang , Lei Yifeng , Xue Longjian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStructural colors from photonic crystals (PCs) have attracted emerging attention in the research area of wearable sensors. Conventional self‐assembly of PC takes days to weeks. Here, a fast self‐assembly method of PC with horizontal precipitation of silica nanoparticles (NPs) in a polydimethylsiloxane fence, which can be completed within 1–4 h depending on the fence parameters, is introduced. The resultant PC exhibits tunable structural colors in the entire visible spectrum. With infiltration of composite hydrogels containing acrylic acid, acrylamide, chitosan, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the gaps of NPs to form an inverse opal PC, a structural color hydrogel that can quickly respond to different stimuli, including strain and temperature, is obtained. Moreover, with the addition of CNTs, the composite PC hydrogel can also output an electronic signal together with optical color changes. Based on these extraordinary responsive behaviors, the PC hydrogel sensor for quantitative feedback to external stimuli of stretching, bending, pressing, and thermal stimuli, with brilliant color change and electronic signal outputs simultaneously, is demonstrated. This fast‐assembled PC hydrogel with excellent responsive properties has great potential for applications in wearable devices, mechanical sensors, temperature sensors, and colorimetric displays.
Impact of Enzyme Modification on Physicochemical Properties of Oat Flake and Starch
Authors: Jeong Jeong Hyun , Hong Soo Yeon , Cho Joong‐Sang , Cho Dong‐Hwa , Park Eun Young 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOat flakes are modified with alpha (α)‐amylase and a combination of α‐amylase and cellulase (α‐amylase/cellulase) to determine the effect of enzyme modification on the quality of oat flakes and physicochemical properties of oat starch. Enzyme modification using α‐amylase and cellulase increases the water absorption capacity and decreases the hardness and adhesiveness of oat flakes by degrading long polysaccharide chains. The molecular weight of oat starch modified with α‐amylase and α‐amylase/cellulose is lower than that of native oat starch. Moreover, the depolymerization of starch molecules is more notable in starch modified with α‐amylase/cellulase than in starch modified with α‐amylase alone. α‐Amylase treatment during oat flake processing causes the loss of peak viscosity, while α‐amylase/cellulase treatment results in the loss of both peak and final viscosity of oat starch. In addition, enzyme modification with α‐amylase/cellulase reduces the content of amylose‐lipid complex. Solubility and swelling power are also significantly increased in α‐amylase/cellulase‐modified oat starch. These results indicate that the modification of oat flakes with α‐amylase and cellulase induces changes in starch structure, thereby affecting physicochemical properties of oat starch and quality of flakes.
Effective Liquid Metal Seeds for Silver Nanovines
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Wei , Stewart Logan A. , Zhao Sichen , Akopov Georgiy , Mohammadi Reza , Yeung Michael T. , Weiss Paul S. , Kaner Richard B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSilver nanovines, prepared at ambient pressure and temperature, were grown in solution using eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) seeds. In this process, EGaIn serves both as an effective reductant and heterogeneous nucleation center enabling the selective growth of silver nanovines from aqueous silver nitrate solutions. This process is a versatile route towards grafted silver nanostructures performed under ambient conditions with non‐toxic reagents.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Yeast Using the 10× Genomics Chromium Device
Authors: Vermeersch Lieselotte , Jariani Abbas , Helsen Jana , Heineike Benjamin M. , Verstrepen Kevin J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is emerging as an essential technique for studying the physiology of individual cells in populations. Although well-established and optimized for mammalian cells, research of microorganisms has been faced with major technical challenges for using scRNA-seq, because of their rigid cell wall, smaller cell size and overall lower total RNA content per cell. Here, we describe an easy-to-implement adaptation of the protocol for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the 10× Genomics platform, originally optimized for mammalian cells. Introducing Zymolyase, a cell wall–digesting enzyme, to one of the initial steps of single-cell droplet formation allows efficient in-droplet lysis of yeast cells, without affecting the droplet emulsion and further sample processing. In addition, we also describe the downstream data analysis, which combines established scRNA-seq analysis protocols with specific adaptations for yeast, and R-scripts for further secondary analysis of the data.
Quantitative Proteomics in Yeast: From bSLIM and Proteome Discoverer Outputs to Graphical Assessment of the Significance of Protein Quantification Scores
Authors: Sénécaut Nicolas , Poulain Pierre , Lignières Laurent , Terrier Samuel , Legros Véronique , Chevreux Guillaume , Lelandais Gaëlle , Camadro Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSimple light isotope metabolic labeling (bSLIM) is an innovative method to accurately quantify differences in protein abundance at the proteome level in standard bottom-up experiments. The quantification process requires computation of the ratio of intensity of several isotopologs in the isotopic cluster of every identified peptide. Thus, appropriate bioinformatic workflows are required to extract the signals from the instrument files and calculate the required ratio to infer peptide/protein abundance. In a previous study (Sénécaut et al., J Proteome Res 20:1476–1487, 2021), we developed original open-source workflows based on OpenMS nodes implemented in a KNIME working environment. Here, we extend the use of the bSLIM labeling strategy in quantitative proteomics by presenting an alternative procedure to extract isotopolog intensities and process them by taking advantage of new functionalities integrated into the Minora node of Proteome Discoverer 2.4 software. We also present a graphical strategy to evaluate the statistical robustness of protein quantification scores and calculate the associated false discovery rates (FDR). We validated these approaches in a case study in which we compared the differences between the proteomes of two closely related yeast strains.
Omics Analyses: How to Navigate Through a Constant Data Deluge
Authors: Denecker Thomas , Lelandais Gaëlle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOmics data are very valuable for researchers in biology, but the work required to develop a solid expertise in their analysis contrasts with the rapidity with which the omics technologies evolve. Data accumulate in public databases, and despite significant advances in bioinformatics softwares to integrate them, data analysis remains a burden for those who perform experiments. Beyond the issue of dealing with a very large number of results, we believe that working with omics data requires a change in the way scientific problems are solved. In this chapter, we explain pitfalls and tips we found during our functional genomics projects in yeasts. Our main lesson is that, if applying a protocol does not guarantee a successful project, following simple rules can help to become strategic and intentional, thus avoiding an endless drift into an ocean of possibilities.
CUT&RUN Profiling of the Budding Yeast Epigenome
Authors: Brahma Sandipan , Henikoff Steven 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMapping the epigenome is key to describe the relationship between chromatin landscapes and the control of DNA-based cellular processes such as transcription. Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) is an in situ chromatin profiling strategy in which controlled cleavage by antibody-targeted Micrococcal Nuclease solubilizes specific protein-DNA complexes for paired-end DNA sequencing. When applied to budding yeast, CUT&RUN profiling yields precise genome-wide maps of histone modifications, histone variants, transcription factors, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers, while avoiding cross-linking and solubilization issues associated with the most commonly used chromatin profiling technique Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Furthermore, targeted chromatin complexes cleanly released by CUT&RUN can be used as input for a subsequent native immunoprecipitation step (CUT&RUN.ChIP) to simultaneously map two epitopes in single molecules genome-wide. The intrinsically low background and high resolution of CUT&RUN and CUT&RUN.ChIP allows for identification of transient genomic features such as dynamic nucleosome-remodeling intermediates. Starting from cells, one can perform CUT&RUN or CUT&RUN.ChIP and obtain purified DNA for sequencing library preparation in 2 days.
The English Fulano
Authors: Melo João Vicente 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter is dedicated to the presence at the Mughal court of a self-proclaimed English envoy, John Mildenhall, between 1603 and 1606. By revisiting Mildenhall’s experiences at the Mughal court and his clashes with the Jesuit missionaries, through a comparison of the accounts written by the Englishman and Father Jerónimo Xavier, this chapter examines the role of non-state actors in the processes and practices of diplomatic cross-cultural negotiations or exchanges, and reviews the early stages of the triangular relations and rivalries between Portuguese, English and Mughals during the seventeenth century.
The English Chan and the Mughal Dom
Authors: Melo João Vicente 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses the Mughal and Jesuit reactions to the presence of William Hawkins, the first emissary from the EIC to the Mughal court. Besides focusing on Hawkins’ attempts to be integrated into the Mughal courtly apparatus as a ‘Mughalised’ firangi and his role in Jahangir’s diplomatic manoeuvres to pressure the Estado da Índia, the chapter will also compare and contrast the two accounts on the Mughal court produced by Hawkins and Jerónimo Xavier.
Epilogue
Authors: Melo João Vicente 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis final chapter discusses the different strategies adopted by Mughals, English and Jesuits. It highlights that, although from different starting points, all three passed through similar learning processes which sought to identify shared interests or manipulate their political culture. It also argues that the problems between Mughals and firangis were not the result of a clash between dissimilar cultural worlds, but from the frustrated expectations caused by the negotiation processes.
Cosmic string and brane induced effects on the fermionic vacuum in AdS spacetime
Authors: Bellucci S. , Oliveira dos Santos W. , Bezerra de Mello E. R. , Saharian A. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigate the combined effects of a magnetic flux-carrying cosmic string and a brane on the fermionic condensate (FC) and on the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the energy-momentum tensor for a massive charged fermionic field in background of 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. The brane is parallel to the AdS boundary and it divides the space into two regions with distinct properties of the fermionic vacuum. For two types of boundary conditions on the field operator and for the fields realizing two inequivalent representations of the Clifford algebra, the brane-induced contributions in VEVs are explicitly separated. The VEVs are even periodic functions of the magnetic flux, confined in the core, with the period of flux quantum. Near the horizon the FC and the vacuum energy-momentum tensor are dominated by the brane-free contribution, whereas the brane-induced part dominates in the region near the brane. Both the contributions vanish on the AdS boundary. At large distances from the cosmic string, the topological contributions in the VEVs, as functions of the proper distance, exhibit an inverse power-law decrease in the region between the brane and AdS horizon and an exponential decrease in the region between the brane and AdS boundary. We show that the FC and the vacuum energy density can be either positive or negative, depending on the distance from the brane. Applications are discussed in fermionic models invariant under the charge conjugation and parity transformation and also inZ2-symmetric braneworld models. By the limiting transition we derive the expressions of the FC and the vacuum energy-momentum tensor for a cosmic string on 5-dimensional Minkowski bulk in the presence of a boundary perpendicular to the string.
Schulische Gesundheitsförderung in pandemischen Zeiten. Ergebnisse der COVID-HL-Schulleitungsstudie
Authors: Dadaczynski Kevin , Okan Orkan , Messer Melanie 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß Schulen Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention während der COVID-19-Pandemie umsetzen. Von besonderem Interesse sind hierbei Unterschiede nach demografischen Variablen, Schulform, Bundesland und die Beteiligung an Landesinitiativen der Gesundheitsförderung.

Methodik
Im Rahmen des COVID-Health-Literacy-Netzwerks wurde von März bis April 2021 eine Onlinestudie mit 2186 Schulleitungen in Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Niedersachsen und Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgeführt. Der Umsetzungsstand der COVID-19-bezogenen schulischen Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention wurde mittels eines eigenentwickelten Instruments untersucht. Nach Analyse der faktoriellen Struktur des Instruments erfolgten uni- und bivariate Auswertungen.

Ergebnisse
Es lassen sich 3 Dimensionen des Umsetzungsstandes der schulischen Gesundheitsförderung identifizieren (1. COVID-19-bezogene Unterstützung der Schüler*innen, 2. Gesundheitsförderliche Gestaltung von Lehr‑, Lern- und Arbeitsbedingungen, 3. Prinzipien der Gesundheitsfördernden Schule). Eine geringe Umsetzung liegt für Aspekte der Lehr‑, Lern- und Arbeitsbedingungen sowie für Partizipation und die Kooperation mit schulexternen Akteuren vor. Signifikante Unterschiede des Umsetzungsstands ergeben sich zugunsten von weiblichen und älteren Schulleitungen sowie Grundschulen. Außerdem zeigen sich nicht homogene Unterschiede nach Bundesland. Differenziert nach Teilnahme an einem Landesprogramm findet sich lediglich für Schulen mit Zertifikat im Bereich Gesundheitsförderung ein höherer Umsetzungsstand.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise darauf, dass die COVID-19-Pandemie für Schulen ein disruptives Ereignis darstellt, welches die Umsetzung schulischer Gesundheitsförderung erschwert. Vor allem gesundheitsförderliche Arbeitsbedingungen, Partizipation und Kooperation sollten in den Fokus genommen werden.
A passive load alleviation aircraft wing: topology optimization for maximizing nonlinear bending–torsion coupling
Authors: Thel Simon , Hahn Daniel , Haupt Matthias , Heimbs Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAircraft wings with passive load alleviation morph their shape to a configuration where the aerodynamic forces are reduced without the use of an actuator. In our research, we exploit geometric nonlinearities of the inner wing structure to maximize load alleviation. In order to find designs with the desired properties, we propose a topology optimization approach. Passive load alleviation is achieved through bending–torsion coupling. The wing twist will reduce the angle of attack, thus lowering the aerodynamic forces. Consequently, the objective function is to maximize the torsion angle. Since shape morphing should only affect loads that exceed normal maneuvering loads, a displacement constraint is enforced, preventing torsion at lower force levels. Maximizing the displacement will lead to topologies for which the finite element solver cannot find a solution. To circumvent this, we propose adding a compliance value to the objective function. This term has a weighting function, which controls how much influence the compliance value has: after a set number of iterations, the initially high level of influence will drop. We used a geometric nonlinear finite element formulation with a linear elastic material model. The addition of an energy interpolation scheme reduces mesh distortion. We successfully applied the proposed methodology to two different test cases resembling an aircraft wing box section. These test cases illustrate the methodology’s potential for designing new geometries with the desired nonlinear behavior. We discuss what design features can be deduced and how they achieve the nonlinear structural response.