bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel humanized PD-1/PD-L1 mouse model permits direct comparison of anti-tumor immunity generated by FDA-approved PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors
Authors: Barham Whitney , Hsu Michelle , Liu Xin , Harrington Susan M. , Hirdler Jacob B. , Gicobi Joanina K. , Zhu XingXing , Zeng Hu , Pavelko Kevin D. , Yan Yiyi , Mansfield Aaron S. , Dong Haidong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Seven different anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies are now widely used in the US to treat a variety of cancer types, but there have been no clinical trials comparing them directly. Furthermore, because many of these antibodies do not cross react between mouse and human proteins, no preclinical models exist in which to consider these types of questions. Thus, we produced humanized PD-1 and PD-L1 mice in which the extracellular domains of both mouse PD-1 and PD-L1 were replaced with the corresponding human sequences. Using this new model, we sought to compare the strength of the immune response generated by FDA-approved antibodies. To do this, we performed an in vivo T cell priming assay in which anti-PD-1/L1 therapies were given at the time of T cell priming against surrogate tumor antigen (OVA), followed by subsequent B16-OVA tumor challenge. We found that anti-PD-1/L1-treated mice exhibited significantly better tumor rejection than controls, although both the control and antibody-treated mice generated comparable numbers of OVA-specific T cells at the time of priming. To determine what could mediate this strong antitumor immune response, we identified the increased production of CX3CR1+PD-1+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the anti-PD-1/L1-treated mice, the same subset of effector T cells known to increase in clinical responders to PD-1/L1 therapy. Thus, our model permits the direct comparison of FDA-approved anti-PD-1/L1 monoclonal antibodies and further correlates successful tumor rejection with the level of CX3CR1+PD-1+CD8 + T cells, making this model a critical tool for future studies to optimize and better utilize anti-PD-1/L1 therapeutics.
Resource utilization and recycling of petroleum-contaminated soil by pyrolysis as persulfate activator
Authors: Liao Yaping , Gao Hang , Wang Mingxin , Xue Jinjuan , Yao Meng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Oxygen-limited pyrolysis was used to simultaneously remediate and convert petroleum-contaminated soil (PCS) to carbonized soil (CS), which is subsequently reused as a persulfate (PS) activator. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and retention time on the harmlessness of PCS and the PS activation efficiency of CS for aniline (AN) degradation were investigated. When the pyrolysis temperature is 500°C and the retention time is 60 min, the total petroleum hydrocarbon removal rate of PCS and the TOC concentration of CS extracts were 98.96% and 10.2 ppm, respectively. The acute toxicity of CS extracts was classified as non-toxic. The degradation efficiency of AN was up to 96.09% within 6 h. After CS was reused five times, the removal rates of AN and TOC were 53.73% and 51.54%, respectively. The residual organic carbon in CS mainly exists as graphitized carbon, which has good stability and no acute toxicity. The main active species was holes, followed by singlet oxygen. S2O82- is adsorbed on the surface of the positively charged CS and then reduced by electron donor groups to generate holes, which may accelerate electron transfer and facilitate the oxidative degradation of AN. This research provides an innovative alternative disposal strategy for PCS-derivatives treated by pyrolysis, which can simultaneously achieve efficient remediation and high-value reuse of PCS.
Machine-Learning-Based Intelligent Framework for Discovering Refractory High-Entropy Alloys with Improved High-Temperature Yield Strength
Authors: Sengupta Debasis , Giles Stephen , Broderick Scott , Rajan Krishna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are a promising class of alloys that show elevated-temperature yield strengths and have potential to use as high-performance materials in gas turbine engines. However, exploring the vast RHEA compositional space experimentally is challenging, and only a small fraction of this space has been explored to date. This work demonstrates the development of a state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) predictive framework coupled with optimization methods to intelligently explore the vast compositional space and drive the search in a direction that improves high-temperature yield strengths. Our forward yield strength model is shown to have a significantly improved predictive accuracy relative to the state-of-the-art approach, and also provides inherent uncertainty quantification through the use of repeated k-fold cross-validation. Upon developing and validating a robust yield strength prediction model, the coupled framework is used to discover new RHEAs with superior high temperature yield strength. We have shown that RHEA compositions can be customized to have maximum yield strength at a specific temperature.
Investigating the relationship between high-risk behaviors and mental health in adolescents in Rabor city, Iran.
Authors: Jalali Batol , Fadakar Mohammad mehdi , Iranpour Abedin , Farvahari Arash , Alizadeh Somayeh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between high-risk behaviors (HRB) and mental health in adolescents in Rabor.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study that was performed on 334 girle and boy students aged 12-18 years in Rabor city in 2021. In this study, adolescents answered high risk behaviors and mental health questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Results: In this study, the mean age was 15/25 ± 1/78. The findings indicate that smoking and hookah use were higher in boys than girls. Among the demographic variables, age and level of education had a positive and significant relationship with HRB and mental health (p<0/05), The mean score of total mental health for all subjects was 12/83±10/82. The variables of age, sex, marital status of parents, number of children in the family, educational level, smoking, hookah and alcohol have been determined as influential and facilitating factors in HBR of adolescents. Fathers literacy was considered as a facilitator and age variables, alcohol consumption and parents' marital status were considered as deterrents to mental health. Conclusion: The present study showed that male gender is one of the risk factors for alcohol, smoking and other substances, tendency to high-risk sexual behaviors, depression and suicide in adolescents. Among the determinants of tendency to HRB in adolescents, psychological variables are of particular importance at the individual, social and family levels. Good mental health can improve quality of life, while poor mental health can make it worse.
Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Stunting, Wasting and Underweight in Children Under Five in Ethiopia
Authors: Kuse Kenenisa Abdisa , Debeko Dereje Danbe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The burdens of malnutrition among under-five remain a significant obstacle to the achievement of better child health and wellbeing in Ethiopia where the prevalence of malnutrition is very high. The main aim of this study was to explore the spatial distribution of Stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five in Ethiopia.
Methods
Secondary data from EDHS, 2016, was employed where a total of 10641 children under five were included in the survey. Based on some exclusion criteria, only 7960 of them were used in the final analysis. Spatial analysis was performed to explore the spatial distribution of malnutrition among under-five children in regions and zones of Ethiopia. Spatial Lag and Spatial Error models were used to examine the spatial dependence of stunting, wasting, and underweight. Geographically weighted regression analysis was performed to estimate the types and strength of relationships between malnutrition and determinant factors across the regions and within the Clusters or Zones of each region. Results: Among the under-five children included in the study, 36.6% were stunted, 12.2% were wasted and 25.2% were underweight. The Global Moran Index’s value indicates (Stunting, I = 0.3135, p-value < 0.00001, Wasting, I = 0.1948, p-value < 0.0001 and Underweight, I = 0.5291, p-value < 0.0001) there was the significant spatial variation of malnutrition across the regions and Zones of Ethiopia. Age of child, mother’s educational status, source of drinking water, toilet facility, number of children under-five in the household, wealth index of mother, breastfeeding duration, size of child at birth, and Body Mass Index of Mothers (BMI), region, and place of residence were a potential source of spatial variation for malnutrition in children under-five in the country.
Conclusions
There were the spatial dependencies and spatial patterns of malnutrition in children under five were clustered within and between the regions. Most of the hotspot areas of stunting, wasting and underweight were detected in the regions that had poor health facilities and less socioeconomic status.
Management of Human Resources for Health: Implications for health systems efficiency in Kenya
Authors: Nyawira Lizah , Tsofa Benjamin , Musiega Anita , Munywoki Joshua , Njuguna Rebecca G , Hanson Kara , Mulwa Andrew , Molyneux Sassy , Maina Isabel , Normand Charles , Jemutai Julie , Barasa Edwine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Human resources for health consume a substantial share of healthcare resources and determine the efficiency and overall performance of health systems. Under Kenya’s devolved governance, human resources for health are managed by county governments. The aim of this study was to examine how the management of human resources for health influences the efficiency of county health systems in Kenya.
Methods
We conducted a case study using a mixed methods approach in two purposively selected counties in Kenya. We collected data through in-depth interviews (n = 46) with national and county level HRH stakeholders, and document and secondary data reviews. We analyzed qualitative data using a thematic approach, and quantitative data using descriptive analysis.
Results
Human resources for health in the selected counties was inadequately financed and there were an insufficient number of health workers, which compromised the input mix of the health system. The scarcity of medical specialists led to inappropriate task shifting where nonspecialized staff took on the roles of specialists with potential undesired impacts on quality of care and health outcomes. The maldistribution of staff in favor of higher-level facilities led to unnecessary referrals to higher level (referral) hospitals and compromised quality of primary healthcare. Delayed salaries, non-harmonized contractual terms and incentives reduced the motivation of health workers. All of these effects are likely to have negative effects on health system efficiency.
Conclusions
Human resources for health management in counties in Kenya could be reformed with likely positive implications for county health system efficiency by increasing the level of funding, resolving funding flow challenges to address the delay of salaries, addressing skill mix challenges, prioritizing the allocation of health workers to lower-level facilities, harmonizing the contractual terms and incentives of health workers, and strengthening monitoring and supervision.
Luteolin and micronized luteolin show antiseizure effects in developing zebrafish
Authors: Schneider Sabrina Ester , Pedroso Jefferson , Lima-Rezende Cássia Alves , Santos Aline E. dos , Aguiar Gean Pablo S. , Lanza Marcelo , Müller Liz Girardi , Oliveira J. Vladimir , Piato Angelo , Siebel Anna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Seizure is one of the most frequent neurological emergencies among neonates. Seizures during neurodevelopment could promote epileptogenesis by triggering inflammatory cascades and potentiating mTOR signaling. Epileptogenesis contemplates disrupted neurogenesis and neurodegeneration; and culminates in epilepsy. Epileptic patients suffer from unpredictable and recurrent seizures, which lead to social, psychological, and cognitive impairment. In this context, developing efficient treatments to manage neonatal seizures is compulsory. Here, we aimed to investigate the antiseizure and neuroprotective potential of luteolin and micronized luteolin in zebrafish larvae at 5 days post-fertilization. Both luteolin and micronized luteolin reduced the occurrence of each seizure stage and slowed the seizure development. Furthermore, there were no residual effects on larvae motor function 24 hours after the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Finally, the expression level of genes related to the inflammatory response (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and TNF-α), mTOR signaling (p70S6Ka and p70S6Kb), neurogenesis (BDNF), and apoptosis (caspase-3) were not altered 24 hours after the seizure occurrence. In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that luteolin and micronized luteolin present antiseizure effects in developing zebrafish. The data encourage further investigations looking to new approaches to neonatal seizure management.
Comparison of antibacterial effect of Plantaricin 149 suspension and traditional root canal irrigation solutions in root canal infections in vitro
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Keda , Lin Xiaolong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dental pulp and periapical diseases are common conditions in stomatology, caused by various pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides, as new antibiotics, offer promising applications in the irrigation and disinfection medicaments for root canals.One patient with chronic periapical periodontitis was selected to extract the clinical pathogenic bacteria. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) (ATCC 33277), Streptococcus mutans (Sm) ( ATCC 25175), and Prevotella intermedius (Pi) (ATCC 25611) were used as test strains. The effects of plantaricin (Pln) 149 on the biofilm formation and growth in infected root canals were evaluated by RT-PCR, laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), and bacterial diversity analysis. In addition, the cytotoxicity of Pln 149 (100 µg/mL) to human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was assessed using an MTT assay. Pln 149 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Pg Sm and Pi (P<0.05), with significant differences in the biofilm images of the laser confocal scanning microscope (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hDPSCs viability or proliferation between the Pln 149 and control groups. Considering the absence of antimicrobial effects and cytotoxicity, we suggest that Pln 149 might be a promising option for root canal irrigation solutions.
Energy Flow Sankey Diagrams for National Energy Planning in the Central American Region
Authors: Alberto NATHAN Márquez , FLORES HECTOR VILLATORO 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article addresses the development of energy flow diagrams in the Central American region, based on the World Energy Balance of 2019. The main objective is to provide a diagnosis on energy systems efficiency, as well as the components that integrate them. This will help identify the improvement areas for energy consumption reduction. The development of the energy flow diagrams follows a model established by the International Energy Agency (IEA), categorized by topics: primary energy resources, conversion technologies, and demand sectors. Additionally, the diagrams contain energy services and energy losses, calculated through the efficiencies found for each demand sector. Seven energy flow diagrams (one for each country: Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; and one for the whole region) were developed to represent the region’s energetic outlook regarding energy efficiency, primary energy resource consumption, and final energy consumption shown by demand sectors. An estimation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions per country was done. This work may serve as a guide for energy planning, by tracking the energy flows to reduce energy losses and CO2 emissions by improving the low efficiency areas.
Individual and relational level factors perceived to influence risky sexual behaviours among Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Qualitative research
Authors: Gebremariam semere , thupayagale-tshweneagae Gloria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundGlobally, adolescents aged between 10-19 years account for 1.2 billion (16%) of the world population, and nearly one fourth of the total population in Sub-Saharan Africa. The adolescents are facing with life-threatening health risks attributed to sexual and reproductive health issues such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and AIDS. The aim of this research is exploring factors at individual and relational level contributing to risky sexual behaviour among adolescentsMethodsQualitative research approach, using grounded theory was followed among adolescents and health professionals. Individual interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. A constant comparison method of data analysis was applied by following a Strauss and Corbin (1998) analysis process. The researcher conducted vigorous literature review to assure theoretical saturation and theoretical sensitivity.Resultsvarious biological , knowledge , attitude , skill gap on SRH, and behaviour of adolescents , family, Peer/partener related factors were perceived as drivers of risky sexual. Male dominance in deciding condom use, pressuring female to sexual activities, Exposing to sexual violence were a perceived as drivers to risky sexual behaviour specially in partner related factors.ConclusionIndividual level and relational level factors are influencing adolescents to engage in risky sexual behaviour. Adolescent should get training on SRH. Interventions at peer and partners level should be consider to enhance their life skill that enable to resist pressure from pees and their partners. Child parent communication SRH matters Should be promoted
The Impact of a Breast Cancer Educational Interventions in Ghanaian High Schools
Authors: Nsaful Josephine , Dedey Florence , Nartey Edmund , Labi Juliana , Clegg-Lamptey Joe Nat , Adu-Aryee Nii Armah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
IntroductionGlobally breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer with an estimated 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths in 2020. Late presentation is the hallmark of breast cancer in Ghana for which ignorance and fear are the major reasons fuelled largely by myths and misconceptions. Breast cancer awareness and education needs to start early to bring about a change in knowledge, attitude and practices. However, Breast cancer awareness activities in Ghana have usually targeted adult women. This study assessed the impact of breast cancer education among adolescent high school girls in Ghana.MethodologyA pre- post-test quasi experimental study was conducted at two senior high schools. A self-administered pre-educational questionnaire was followed by an educational intervention consisting of a drama, PowerPoint lecture, question and answer session and distribution of breast cancer information leaflets. After 3 months the same questionnaire was administered as a post-education test to assess the impact of the educational intervention. The total score for each domain was categorised into adequate knowledge >50% and inadequate knowledge <50%.ResultsThe number of participants in the pre-test and post-test were 1043 and 1274; mean age was 16.0 ± 0.9 and 16.4 ± 2.7 years respectively. General knowledge on breast cancer at pre-education (29.1%) improved to 72.5% (p<0.001). Knowledge on signs and symptoms improved from 33.1% to 55% (p<0.001); knowledge on risk factors improved from 55.3% to 79.2% (p<0.001), and knowledge on breast self-examination and screening improved from 9.8% to 22.2% (p<0.001). The overall performance of the students improved from 17.2% to 59.4% (p<0.001).ConclusionThere is inadequate knowledge about breast cancer and self-examination among senior high school girls in Ghana. Our breast cancer educational intervention was effective in improving general knowledge of breast cancer, risk factors, signs and symptoms and breast self-examination. The overall knowledge base improved from 17.2% to 59.4% three months post intervention, accompanied by an increase in the reported practice of breast self-examination and a greater belief that breast cancer is curable. This study has demonstrated the need for a school breast cancer educational program and that breast cancer education in high schools is effective.
Relationship Between Youth Conduct Problems and Adulthood Suicidality: Mediating Effects of Personality on Patients with Mood Disorders
Authors: Wang Tsung-Yang , Chen Hsi-Chung , Hsu Cheng-Dien , Chen I-Ming , Liao Shih-Cheng , Chang Chiao-Erh , Chen Ying-Yeh , Chan Jen-Hui , Kuo Po-Hsiu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background:Identifying the relevant factors for suicidality in individuals with conduct problems is a public health concern, especially if they develop mood disorders. This study investigates the relationship between youth conduct problems and adulthood suicidality, and to further explore the mediating effects of personality on this relationship.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was administered to 308 individuals aged 20-65 years, including psychiatric outpatients with mood disorders and healthy controls. The Composite International Diagnosis Interview was used to evaluate conduct problems in youth and suicidality (i.e., suicide plan and suicide attempt) in the past year. Personality traits were assessed using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised for extraversion and neuroticism. Multiple-mediator analysis was used to investigate the mediation effects of personality traits on the relationship between conduct problems and suicidality.Results:The average age of enrolled participants was 31.6 years. 39.2% reported suicidality and 43.2% reported conduct problems in youth. Participants who were diagnosed with mood disorders (p < 0.001) and reported having conduct problems (p = 0.004) were associated with high suicidality. Multiple-mediator analysis showed that conduct problems in youth increased the risk of adulthood suicidality through the indirect effects of higher neuroticism (suicide plan: OR = 1.30, BCA 95% CI = 1.04–1.83; suicide attempt: OR = 1.27, BCA 95% CI = 1.05–1.66).Conclusion:The relationship between youth conduct problems and adulthood suicidality exerted minimal direct effect after personality traits were included in the model. The indirect effect of neuroticism might be a pivotal finding for designing proper intervention strategies to reduce the risk of suicide.