bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and mowing height effects on grow‐in, thatch accumulation, and post‐harvest rooting of zoysiagrasses
Authors: McFadden Dani , Fry Jack , Kennelly Megan , Jugulam Mithila , Chandra Ambika 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThere is a need to investigate how cultural practices used during the establishment of zoysiagrasses (Zoysia Willd. species) from sprigs affects thatch accumulation during the critical establishment period and the post‐harvest health of this species. A field study was conducted in Olathe, KS, from 2021 to 2023 to evaluate how nitrogen (N) rates (77 kg N ha−1 or 175 kg N ha−1 year−1) and mowing height (1.9 or 3.8 cm height of cut beginning in the second year) influence turf quality, thatch accumulation prior to harvest, and post‐harvest root strength of newly sodded genotypes grown from sprigs. Average coverage from sprigs across three genotypes and two N levels were 27%, 7 weeks; 39%, 9 weeks; 64%, 11 weeks; 80%, 13 weeks; and 88%, 15 weeks. Higher levels of N and mowing at 3.8 cm also resulted in higher normalized difference vegetation index compared to low N and mowing at 1.9 cm. Average thatch accumulation depth across the three genotypes ranged from 10 to 17.9 mm. One was affected by mowing height, and others were not influenced by mowing height or nitrogen levels. Minor differences occurred among genotypes in rooting strength, ranging from 14.6 Newton (Expt. 1) to 153.3 Newton (Expt. 2) at 15 days and 157.6–263.3 Newton (both Expt. 2) 30 days after sod was laid. This experiment shows that genotype and mowing height can impact accumulation of thatch, but there were few differences among genotypes and cultural practices on rooting strength after sod was laid.
Comparison of Ceramic Bonding to Cobalt–Chromium, Zirconia and Nickel–Chromium Alloys Fabricated Using of Various Techniques
Authors: Daou Elie E. , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the ceramic bonding to cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) alloys fabricated by casting, milling, and additive manufacturing, compared with zirconia and nickel–chromium. One hundred specimens (N = 100), prepared with the dimensions of 25 × 3 × 0.5 mm3, were assigned to five groups (n = 20): presintered milled Co–Cr (Group M), additively manufactured Co–Cr (Group SLM), cast Co–Cr (Group C), presintered zirconia (Group Zi), and cast Ni–Cr (Group Ni). The bar specimens were prepared to receive porcelain on their central area (8 × 3 mm2) of one side of each alloy strip. Only half of the specimens from each group were exposed to thermocycling (5°C–55°C for 5000 times). All specimens were placed in a bending device. Specimen surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The bonding values between materials and the aging treatment effect groups were compared with two‐way ANOVA. Variances were compared using the Levene test, the Bonferroni adjustment was used for multiple pairwise comparisons. The shape (m) and scale (σ0) parameters of the two‐parameter Weibull distribution values were calculated. Thermocycling did not affect the results of all the groups tested (p = 0.237). Statistical difference was found between the Co–Cr groups, and between groups Ni and Zi when compared to groups C and SLM (p < 0.001). Ni had the lowest adhesion values and cast Co–Cr the highest. A statistical difference was found between the three Co–Cr groups (p < 0.001), with the highest ceramic adhesion found in Group C and the lowest found in Group M. All specimens from Groups M, C, and Ni showed adhesive failures, whereas mixed failures were observed in Groups Zi and SLM. The fit of the maximum‐likelihood line was a poor fit in the distribution of the aged SLM group (p < 0.010). Ceramic adhesion and failure types varied with the alloy choice and the manufacturing technique.
From Conflict to Prosperity: The Economic Impact of the Colombian Peace Agreements
Authors: Martin Mayoral Fernando , Lasso Carlos Andrés Rivera 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe peace negotiations between the FARC‐EP and the Colombian government from 2013 to 2016 aimed to end years of violence, loss of life, destruction of infrastructure and social fragmentation. This study uses the synthetic control method to analyse the impact on Colombia's real GDP per capita growth, controlling for economic, demographic and institutional aspects. The main results show that since 2014, Colombia has experienced a higher growth rate than its synthetic counterpart, reflecting a permanent change in the expectations of economic agents since the beginning of the peace process.
Accuracy Analyses of FDTD Resonance Frequency Calculations for a Partially Dielectric‐Filled Cavity
Authors: Bişkin Osman S. , Saydam Talha , Aksoy Serkan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, accuracy analyses of resonance frequency calculations for a three‐dimensional partially dielectric‐filled cavity are investigated by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The calculations are performed for low‐ and high‐contrast lossless dielectric materials. In order to excite multicavity modes, the cavity is driven by a Gaussian pulse source. The main error sources for the numerical resonance frequency calculations of the partially dielectric‐filled cavity are (i) applied technique for treatment of a dielectric interface between free space and material medium and (ii) numerical dispersion of the FDTD method. The effects of these errors are analyzed both in detail. A no averaging (without any averaging), a proper averaging technique for the low‐/high‐contrast case, and the dielectric functioning technique with three different distances of are applied for the treatment of dielectric interface. Additionally, four spatial resolutions of , , , and are used for the numerical dispersion analyses. The calculated results are compared with a semianalytical solution for the accuracy evaluations. Specially, in order to explain ordering of numerical errors for each case, a technique based on electromotor force calculation is proposed with good success. The computational advantages of the applied techniques are also shown over no averaging case.
Hyperparameter Optimized SVR Model Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm for RF Power Transistors
Authors: Gao Zhiwei , Liu Bo , Crupi Giovanni , Cai Jialin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA novel approach for optimizing the hyperparameters of a support vector regression (SVR) model is presented for radio frequency (RF) power transistors. In standard SVR models, hyperparameters are enhanced using grid search optimization (GSO), which can be inefficient. In this study, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is introduced as a method for optimizing hyperparameters in a SVR model that increases the model optimization efficiency significantly in comparison with GSO while maintaining a high level of performance. To verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the model, a 10‐W GaN power transistor produced by Wolfspeed is used. In comparison to the existing GSO‐SVR model, the proposed PSO‐SVR model demonstrates superior performance and efficiency.
Parenteral nutrition and bioelectrical impedance analysis estimated fat‐free mass in adult patients with chronic intestinal failure: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Korzilius Julia W. , Dumont Manon , Jager‐Wittenaar Harriët , Wanten Geert J. A. , Zweers‐ van Essen Heidi E. E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with chronic intestinal failure, the content and type of parenteral nutrition are individually determined based on various factors, including body composition. In clinical practice, bioelectrical impedance analysis is used to assess body composition using standardized protocols. However, these protocols lack specific recommendations for patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Therefore, this study described the effect of parenteral nutrition infusion on fat‐free mass as evaluated by single‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.MethodsWe performed a descriptive cohort study using bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess adult patients with chronic intestinal failure receiving parenteral nutrition. Measurements were performed at baseline (before parenteral nutrition infusion) and 0, 1, 2, and 4 h after (usually) 18‐h parenteral nutrition infusion using hand‐to‐foot single‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (Bodystat 500). The primary outcome of fat‐free mass was calculated using the Kyle equation. A linear mixed model was used to compare baseline values with other time points. A difference of >1 kg in fat‐free mass compared with baseline was considered clinically relevant.ResultsTwenty patients (70% female) with a mean age of 58 (SD, 14) years and a median body mass index of 22.3 (IQR, 21.2–24.8) kg/m2 were included in the analysis. No significant change in fat‐free mass after parenteral nutrition infusion was observed, and 90% (69/77 measurements) of all fat‐free mass outcomes after parenteral nutrition infusion remained within the ≤1‐kg clinically relevant range.ConclusionThis study found that parenteral nutrition infusion does not affect fat‐free mass estimation as assessed by hand‐to‐foot single‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Environmental history of Lake Mariout at the ‘Marea’/Philoxenite archeological site, northern Egypt, during the Hellenistic–early Islamic periods as seen by fossil diatoms
Authors: Zalat ABDELFATTAH A. , Derda Tomasz , Welc Fabian , Gwiazda Mariusz 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDiatom analysis of sediments obtained from five cores drilled in Lake Mariout and the ‘Marea’/Philoxenite archeological site southwest of Alexandria, Egypt, allows us to reconstruct the lake's environmental history during the Hellenistic–early Islamic periods. The distribution pattern and the variation in relative abundance of recognized diatoms differentiated each core section into characteristic zones. These zones are interrupted by periods of poor preservation or non‐diatom deposition that coincide with fluctuating lake phases of freshwater flooding of the Nile during humid warm episodes and arid phases associated with a reduction in the Nile's water influx that provides Lake Mariout with fresh water. A rising water level of Lake Mariout is estimated from the great abundance of riverine, planktonic Aulacoseira species. A lowering of water level was linked to a high abundance of brackish water taxa and/or periods of non‐diatom deposition. Furthermore, the absence of diatoms at two intervals in Core 1 is associated with silty clay with an abundance of gypsum crystals which point to falling water lake levels with increasing temperature during dry periods. However, the intervals of poor preservation or no diatoms in other cores at ‘Marea’/Philoxenite are presumably related to the coarser nature of the sediment that indicate a major lake level lowstand, a high‐energy depositional environment together with increased salinity and alkalinity. By comparing the diatom data in the examined cores, it is clear that the Aulacoseira granulata assemblage zone is characteristic of the Roman and Byzantine periods, which reflects relatively rising water levels due to Nile water inflow via the Canopic Nile branch and thus the connection between the canal and lake during this time. Furthermore, the predominance of Aulacoseira granulata with some pollution‐tolerant taxa indicates extensive human occupation during the Roman–Byzantine periods, which is evidenced by increased nutrient concentration with higher input of humic substances due to human activities and their influence on the lake ecosystem.
Quasi‐Simultaneous and Automated Measurement of Primary Amines and Short‐Chain Aldehydes Emission by Dynamic SPME On‐Fiber Derivatization Coupled With a Flow‐Cell
Authors: Zou Jian , Duan Shuyu , Winniford Bill , Zhang DeGang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAn automated method was developed to simultaneously measure primary amines and short‐chain aldehydes emission from foam and rubber samples in one experiment. The technique involved dynamic solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) on‐fiber derivatization coupled with a flow‐cell unit. The parameters of the dynamic SPME on‐fiber derivatization method were optimized, including SPME coating, derivatization agents loading temperature, loading time, and dynamic SPME extraction time. The linearity range for the four primary amines and three aldehydes ranged from 0.5 to 100 µg/m3 and 0.9 to 1050 µg/m3, respectively. The amines and aldehydes' quantitation limits (LOQ) were determined as 0.22–0.27 µg/m3 and 0.10–0.18 µg/m3, respectively. Compared to previous methods, this approach is efficient, labor‐saving, and allows researchers to concurrently analyze the emission trends of aldehydes and amines in one experiment.
3D Finite Element Modeling of Femtosecond Laser Trabeculotomy
Authors: Djotyan Gagik P. , Mikula Eric R. , Kranitz Kinga , Nagy Zoltan Z. , Juhasz Tibor 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesFemtosecond laser image guided high precision trabeculotomy (FLigHT) is a novel open‐angle glaucoma treatment. The procedure non‐invasively creates aqueous humor (AH) drainage channel from the anterior chamber (AC) to Schlemm's canal (SC) through the trabecular meshwork (TM) to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). The purpose of this study was to develop a 3D finite element model (FEM) of the FLigHT procedure and to simulate clinical results for different drainage channel cross‐sectional areas.MethodsFirst, a FEM model of the average intact glaucomatous eye was constructed. Biometric data published in the literature were used to construct the geometry of the model, including the AC, TM, SC, and collector channels (CCs). The TM and CCs were modeled as porous material, with given permeability, to approximate the outflow resistance found in these tissues in‐vivo. The permeability of the TM and CCs was estimated by comparing iterative FEM simulations with published clinical FLigHT IOP data. For that, the model was modified to simulate the FLigHT treatment of glaucoma by applying a block‐like channel connecting the AC to the SC. Channel size was varied from the clinically utilized size of 200 µm × 500 µm down to 50 µm × 50 µm to investigate the effects of channel size on resultant IOP.ResultsThe model revealed that the minimum achievable IOP after FLigHT is the preoperative pressure in SC. It is independent of TM permeability; rather, it depends on CC permeability, AH inflow rate, and episcleral venous pressure. In addition, simulations predicted that a channel size of 100 μm × 100 μm is sufficient to obtain the maximum achievable IOP reduction. Beyond this size, no appreciable increase in IOP reduction was achieved.ConclusionsThe 3D FEM developed in this study provided an adequate simulation of the IOP reduction of the FLigHT treatment, demonstrating its predictive power regarding drainage channel geometry and subsequent IOP reduction. The results indicate that the model has the potential to aid the design of clinical FLigHT procedures.
Malnutrition is associated with clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia and other lung manifestations: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Silva‐García Joseline , García‐Grimaldo Alan , Rodríguez‐Moguel Nadia Carolina , Gómez‐Rodriguez Ana Lucia , Rios‐Ayala Martin Armando , Hernández‐Cardenas Carmen Margarita , Cadeza‐Aguilar Josue Daniel , Osuna‐Padilla Ivan Armando 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is a highly prevalent condition in patients who are critically ill that has been previously associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The aims of this study are to describe the prevalence of malnutrition using Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and analyze the associations with clinical outcomes using original criteria or the presence of one phenotypic criterion with inflammation measured by C‐reactive protein (CRP) in patients with pneumonia and other lung manifestations who are mechanically ventilated.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who are critically ill. Malnutrition was classified using the original GLIM criteria (reduced muscle mass and the assumption of present inflammation because of critical illness) and one phenotypic criterion with severe inflammation (CRP >5 mg/dl). Associations between both groups with clinical outcomes (duration of invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV], length of stay [LOS] on ICU, hospital LOS, ICU mortality, and prolonged ICU LOS) were assessed.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐four patients who were critically ill were included. The prevalence of malnutrition in the established methods GLIM and phenotypic criterion with severe inflammation was 38.4% and 27.7%, respectively. Patients who survived and were diagnosed with malnutrition using inflammation criterion at baseline had longer hospital LOS (31 vs 25 days, P = 0.04). After adjusting for age, clinical diagnosis at admission, and SOFA and APACHE II scores, phenotypic criterion with severe inflammation was associated with duration of IMV (β: 5.7; 95% confidence interval: 0.7–10.7; P = 0.02) and ICU LOS (β: 6.1; 95% CI: 0.8–11.5; P = 0.02).ConclusionsMalnutrition considering a phenotypic criterion and CRP >5 mg/dl upon ICU admission was associated with duration of IMV and ICU LOS.
The impact of a low‐carbohydrate (vs. low‐fat) diet on fat mass loss in African American women is modulated by insulin sensitivity
Authors: Martins Catia , Bryan David R. , Sweatt S. Katherine , Garvey W. Timothy , Fontaine Kevin R. , Dutton Gareth R. , Gower Barbara A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of insulin sensitivity (SI), the acute insulin response to glucose, and diet on changes in fat mass (FM), resting and total energy expenditure (REE and TEE, respectively), and mechanical efficiency, during weight loss, in African American women with obesity.MethodsA total of 69 women were randomized to low‐fat (55% carbohydrate [CHO], 20% fat) or low‐CHO (20% CHO, 55% fat) hypocaloric diets for 10 weeks, followed by a 4‐week weight‐stabilization period (controlled feeding). SI and acute insulin response to glucose were measured at baseline with an intravenous glucose tolerance test; body composition was measured with bioimpedance analysis at baseline and week 10; and REE, TEE, and mechanical efficiency were measured with indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water, and a submaximal bike test, respectively, at baseline and week 14.ResultsWithin the group with low SI, those on the low‐CHO diet lost more weight (mean [SE], −6.6 [1.0] vs. −4.1 [1.4] kg; p = 0.076) and FM (−4.9 [0.9] vs. −2.1 [1.0] kg; p = 0.04) and experienced a lower reduction in REE (−48 [30] vs. −145 [30] kcal/day; p = 0.035) and TEE (mean [SE] 67 [56] vs. −230 [125] kcal/day; p = 0.009) compared with those on the low‐fat diet.ConclusionsA low‐CHO diet leads to a greater FM loss in African American women with obesity and low SI, likely by minimizing the reduction in EE that follows weight loss.
Experiences From the Bottom‐Up Development of an Object‐Oriented CFD Solver with Prospective Hybrid Turbulence Model Applications
Authors: Marinković Pavle , Medina Juan A. , Schöps Mark Simon , Klein Marten , Schmidt Heiko 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this work, we discuss recent experiences related to the development and enhancement of a hybrid stochastic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, the C++ version of the Implicit/Explicit (IMEX) time‐advancement algorithm used in the one‐dimensional turbulence‐based (ODT) large eddy simulation (LES) model, abbreviated as ODTLES. After being ported from Fortran 90, the current capabilities of the C++ code are restricted to the reproducibility of turbulent channel flow simulations with respect to the former Fortran code version that was able to achieve reasonable agreement with available reference direct numerical simulation (DNS) for low to moderate Reynolds number turbulent channel flows. This is far from satisfactory so that current efforts are centered on improving the solver code structure through comprehensive refactoring, robust unit testing, and strict adherence to code style guides, following the principles of Clean Code. We focus the discussion on a methodology to balance unit, regression, and integration testing, here for the LES component of the code. The objective is to frame a starting point that is relevant also for other CFD codes, irrespective of whether they utilize conventional or novel discretization or flow modeling approaches.
The St. Jude Global Academy: A Multifaceted Education Program to Expand Pediatric Oncology Workforce Capacity
Authors: Moreira Daniel C. , Hashmi Saman K. , Andujar Allyson , Berg Fair , Conger Kristy , Fox Irwin Leeanna , Mikkelsen Margit , Antillón‐Klussmann Federico , Bazzeh Faiha , Cypriano Monica , Gao Yi‐Jin , González‐Ramella Oscar , Rivas Silvia , Lopes Luiz Fernando , Mack Ricardo , Morosini Fabiana , Noun Dolly , Garcia Ximena , Homsi Maysam R. , Puerto‐Torres Maria , Agulnik Asya , Baker Justin N. , Caniza Miguela A. , McNeil Michael J. , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Chantada Guillermo , Rodríguez‐Galindo Carlos 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThere is currently a global shortage of healthcare professionals equipped to handle the rising burden of childhood cancer. St. Jude Global is an initiative to improve survival rates of children with cancer worldwide while improving access to quality care. One of the overriding goals of St. Jude Global is focused on education: the training of the clinical workforce needed to expand quality care for all children with cancer. Herein, we describe the St. Jude Global Academy (SJGA) and its programs. The three main workstreams of the SJGA are: clinical training programs, courses, and distance learning. St. Jude collaborates with eight institutions in seven low‐ and middle‐income countries to train pediatric subspecialists. Each year, approximately 20 new fellows start at these clinical training programs. To date, 92 specialists have been trained. The SJGA's courses create educational opportunities that provide a structured learning experience in key areas that are relevant to pediatric cancer care. To date, 1081 participants from 372 institutions in 84 countries have successfully completed these educational opportunities. Cure4Kids is the SJGA's distance learning platform. Over 9000 healthcare professionals in 177 countries use Cure4Kids. The platform receives 1400 visits and over 13,000 page views per day. The SJGA's multifaceted approach encompasses various disciplines and skills, providing healthcare professionals from around the world the skills to address the needs of children diagnosed with cancer in their respected institutions. These efforts are essential for building workforce capacity to improve outcomes.
Recent advances in the dispersion and interfacial characteristics of carbon nanotubes within polyamide composites
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Qu Qi , Wang Jin , Gao Jiming , Yang Jun , He Yan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe dispersion and interfacial compatibility of carbon nanotubes, as inorganic nonpolar materials, within the organic polar polyamide matrix are crucial for the performance of composite materials. This article reviews the surface modification of carbon nanotubes, common methods for fabricating carbon nanotube/polyamide composites, and their impact on composites properties. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in the field of carbon nanotube/polyamide research.Highlights
CNTs' van der Waals forces and aspect ratio cause agglomeration, hindering dispersion.
Inorganic CNTs' nonpolar nature weakens affinity and interfacial bonding with polar PA.
Nonpolar CNTs reduce affinity and weaken bonding with polar PA.
The interface enables PA‐CNT interaction, crucial for load transfer in composites.
Surface‐modified CNTs introduce functional groups, enhancing interfacial bonding with PA.