bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality in Otology/Neurotology: A Scoping Review with Implications for Practice and Education
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Yu Sophie E. , Ding Andy S. , Lee Daniel J. , Welling D. Brad , Carey John P. , Gray Stacey T. , Creighton Francis X. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo determine how augmented reality (AR) has been applied to the field of otology/neurotology, examine trends and gaps in research, and provide an assessment of the future potential of this technology within surgical practice and education.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were assessed from their inceptions through October 2022. A manual bibliography search was also conducted.Review MethodsA scoping review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Data from studies describing the application of AR to the field of otology/neurotology were evaluated, according to a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria included non‐English language articles, abstracts, letters/commentaries, conference papers, and review articles.ResultsEighteen articles covering a diverse range of AR platforms were included. Publication dates spanned from 2007 to 2022 and the rate of publication increased over this time. Six of 18 studies were case series in human patients although the remaining were proof of concepts in cadaveric/artificial/animal models. The most common application of AR was for surgical navigation (14 of 18 studies). Computed tomography was the most common source of input data. Few studies noted potential applications to surgical training.ConclusionInterest in the application of AR to otology/neurotology is growing based on the number of recent publications that use a broad range of hardware, software, and AR platforms. Large gaps in research such as the need for submillimeter registration error must be addressed prior to adoption in the operating room and for educational purposes.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:1786–1795, 2023
Reducing hospital acquired pressure injury in a learning health center: Making the case for quality
Authors: Polancich Shea , Patrician Patricia , Miltner Rebecca , Meese Katherine , Armstrong Amy , Layton Shannon , Vander Noot Ross , Poe Terri , Hall Allyson G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this descriptive study is to examine a learning health system (LHS) continuous improvement and learning approach as a case for increased quality, standardized processes, redesigned workflows, and better resource utilization. Hospital acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) commonly occur in the hospitalized patient and are costly and preventable. This study examines the effect of a LHS approach to reducing HAPI within a large academic medical center.MethodsOur learning health center implemented a 6‐year series of iterative improvements that included both process and technology changes, with robust data and analytical reforms. In this descriptive, observational study, we retrospectively examined longitudinal data from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2022, examining the variables of total number of all‐stage HAPI counts and average length of stay (ALOS). We also analyzed patient characteristics observed/expected mortality ratios, as well as total patient days, and the case‐mix index to determine whether these factors varied over the study period. We used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality cost estimates to identify the estimated financial benefit of HAPI reductions on an annualized basis.ResultsHAPI per 1000 patient days for FY 20 (October 1‐September 30) and FY 21, decreased from 2.30 to 1.30 and annualized event AHRQ cost estimates for HAPI decreased by $4 786 980 from FY 20 to FY 21. A strong, statistically significant, negative and seemingly counterintuitive correlation was found (r = −.524, P = .003) between HAPI and ALOS.ConclusionsThe LHS efforts directed toward HAPI reduction led to sustained improvements during the study period. These results demonstrate the benefits of a holistic approach to quality improvement offered by the LHS model. The LHS model goes beyond a problem‐based approach to process improvement. Rather than targeting a specific problem to solve, the LHS system creates structures that yield process improvement benefits over a continued time period.
First principles study of the electronic and optical properties of high‐valence transition metal‐doped anatase titanium dioxide
Authors: Xiao X.J. , Tu J.L. , Liu Z.M. , Liu L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe formation energies and electronic and optical properties of anatase titanium dioxide doped with high‐valence transition metals (niobium, tantalum, tungsten, and molybdenum) were studied through first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory. The results showed that the doped titanium dioxide systems exhibited a typical n‐type metallic characteristic and high transmittance within the visible light spectrum. The high‐valence transition metal‐doped anatase titanium dioxide films should be formed under oxygen‐rich conditions and the niobium‐doped anatase titanium dioxide film is easier to synthesize and more stable than the other three films. Moreover, the band gaps of the doped titanium dioxide systems decrease due to the hybridization of transition metal d, tantalum 3d and oxygen 2p states. Niobium‐ and tantalum‐doped titanium dioxide have lower effective mass and higher electron mobility than tungsten‐ and molybdenum‐doped titanium dioxide, hence are more suitable for transparent conductive oxide materials.
Synergistic determination of mode I stress intensity factors using photoelastic experimental hybrid method
Authors: Mose B.R. , Adenya C.A. , Shin D.K. , Nam J.H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEngineering components possess discontinuities such as cracks which develop during service while others exist due to structural and material defects. The physical discontinuities in mechanical structures lead to stress concentrations, which can trigger mechanical collapses and catastrophic failures of the structure. Stress field equations of fracture mechanics have been formulated to aid in determination of the critical fracture mechanics parameter namely; the stress intensity factors (SIFs) ahead of cracks. Mathematical formulations for fracture mechanics, however, are known to predict infinite values of stress near the crack tip because of the stress singularity at the crack tip and therefore, provide limited information. Further interpretations and a combination of results from different techniques are frequently required to obtain the complete stress condition. In order to accurately determine mode I stress intensity factors without reverting to supplemental techniques, photoelastic experimental hybrid method (PEHM) is utilized in this research. Hybrid methods synergizing mathematical, numerical and experimental data have been used with great success in experimental stress analysis. Its application in the current fracture mechanics problem shows that photoelastic experimental hybrid method stress intensity factors correspond well with those calculated from theoretical method. In addition, it is noted that varying the geometric condition 2a/W from 0.2 to 0.6 while maintaining constant load had the effect of changing K1/K0 from 1.1 to 1.5.
Extended Barton–Bandis model for rock joints under cyclic loading: Formulation and implicit algorithm
Authors: Fei Fan , Choo Jinhyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the Barton–Bandis model for rock joints is extended to cyclic loading conditions, without any new material parameter. Also developed herein is an implicit solution algorithm for the extended Barton–Bandis model, which can also be used for the original Barton–Bandis model for which an implicit algorithm has been unavailable. To this end, we first cast the Barton–Bandis model into an incremental elasto‐plastic framework, deriving an expression for the elastic shear stiffness being consistent with the original model formulation. We then extend the model formulation to cyclic loading conditions, incorporating the dependence of shear stress and dilation on the joint position and the shearing direction. The extension is achieved by introducing a few state‐dependent variables which can be calculated with the existing material parameters. For robust and accurate utilization of the model, we also develop an implicit algorithm based on return mapping, which is unconditionally stable and guarantees the satisfaction of the strength criterion. We verify that the proposed model formulation and algorithm produce virtually the same results as the original Barton–Bandis model under monotonic shearing conditions. We then validate the extended Barton–Bandis model against experimental data on natural rock joints under cycling loading conditions. The present work thus enables the Barton–Bandis model, which has been exceptionally popular in research and practice, to be applicable to a wider range of problems in rock mechanics and rock engineering.
On the noise in “augmented T1‐weighted steady state magnetic resonance imaging”
Authors: Leupold Jochen , Kiselev Valerij G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, Ye and colleagues proposed a method for “augmented T1‐weighted imaging” (aT1W). The key operation is a complex division of gradient‐echo (GRE) images obtained with different flip angles. Ye and colleagues provide an equation for the standard deviation of the obtained aT1W signal. Here, we show that this equation leads to wrong values of the standard deviation of such an aT1W signal. This is demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulations. The derivation of the equation provided by Ye and colleagues is shown to be erroneous. The error consists of a wrong handling of random variables and their standard deviations and of the wrong assumption of correlated noise in independently acquired GRE images. Instead, the probability distribution obtained with the aT1W‐method should have been carefully analyzed, perhaps on the basis of previous literature on ratio distributions and their normal approximations.
An atlas of small RNAs from potato
Authors: Baldrich Patricia , Liu Alexander , Meyers Blake C. , Fondong Vincent N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSmall RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), phased secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNA), and heterochromatic small interfering RNAs (hc‐siRNA) are an essential component of gene regulation. To establish a broad potato small RNA atlas, we constructed an expression atlas of leaves, flowers, roots, and tubers of Desiree and Eva, which are commercially important potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars. All small RNAs identified were observed to be conserved between both cultivars, supporting the hypothesis that small RNAs have a low evolutionary rate and are mostly conserved between lineages. However, we also found that a few miRNAs showed differential accumulation between the two potato cultivars, and that hc‐siRNAs have a tissue specific expression. We further identified dozens of reproductive and non‐reproductive phasiRNAs originating from coding and noncoding regions that appeared to exhibit tissue‐specific expression. Together, this study provides an extensive small RNA profiling of different potato tissues that might be used as a resource for future investigations.
Optically active polymer charge‐transfer complex as a form of charge‐transfer chiralions
Authors: Yonehara Takuya , Komaba Kyoka , Goto Hiromasa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPoly(bis‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization in cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch*LC) in the presence of 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). TCNQ acted as a supporting salt and a molecular dopant against the resultant poly(bisEDOT) to form a donor–acceptor‐type polymer charge‐transfer (CT) complex. Because a three‐dimensional (3D) one‐handed chiral structure was imprinted from the matrix chiral liquid crystal, the resulting polymer with TCNQ molecular doping displayed optical activity in the circular dichroism absorptions. This result indicates the production of optically active CT species comprising the polymer and the low‐molecular‐weight acceptor. The intermolecular chiral CT complex formed a one‐handed helical structure. This method is referred to as “CT complex liquid crystal (LC) electrochemical polymerization” to produce the helical polymer CT complex as atropisomers. Further, the optically active CT of the polymer is referred to as “CT chiralions.” The CT formation resulted from the molecular doping of TCNQ in the chiral polymer prepared in the helical LC matrix. As a result, molecular doping and molecular‐imprinting polymerization in the LC produced CT chiralions. The two‐step electrochemical polymerization in one‐pot polymerization developed in this study allowed the results to form a double‐layer fingerprint with a moiré‐like pattern.
COLLAPSE: A representation learning framework for identification and characterization of protein structural sites
Authors: Derry Alexander , Altman Russ B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe identification and characterization of the structural sites which contribute to protein function are crucial for understanding biological mechanisms, evaluating disease risk, and developing targeted therapies. However, the quantity of known protein structures is rapidly outpacing our ability to functionally annotate them. Existing methods for function prediction either do not operate on local sites, suffer from high false positive or false negative rates, or require large site‐specific training datasets, necessitating the development of new computational methods for annotating functional sites at scale. We present COLLAPSE (Compressed Latents Learned from Aligned Protein Structural Environments), a framework for learning deep representations of protein sites. COLLAPSE operates directly on the 3D positions of atoms surrounding a site and uses evolutionary relationships between homologous proteins as a self‐supervision signal, enabling learned embeddings to implicitly capture structure–function relationships within each site. Our representations generalize across disparate tasks in a transfer learning context, achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance on standardized benchmarks (protein–protein interactions and mutation stability) and on the prediction of functional sites from the Prosite database. We use COLLAPSE to search for similar sites across large protein datasets and to annotate proteins based on a database of known functional sites. These methods demonstrate that COLLAPSE is computationally efficient, tunable, and interpretable, providing a general‐purpose platform for computational protein analysis.
Advanced Composite Lithium Metal Anodes with 3D Frameworks: Preloading Strategies, Interfacial Optimization, and Perspectives
Authors: Cao Jiaqi , Qian Guoyu , Lu Xueyi , Lu Xia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is regarded as the most promising anode candidate for next‐generation rechargeable storage systems due to its impeccable capacity and the lowest electrochemical potential. Nevertheless, the irregular dendritic Li, unstable interface, and infinite volume change, which are the intrinsic drawbacks rooted in Li metal, give a seriously negative effect on the practical commercialization for Li metal batteries. Among the numerous optimization strategies, designing a 3D framework with high specific surface area and sufficient space is a convincing way out to ameliorate the above issues. Due to the Li‐free property of the 3D framework, a Li preloading process is necessary before the 3D framework that matches with the electrolyte and cathode. How to achieve homogeneous integration with Li and 3D framework is essential to determine the electrochemical performance of Li metal anode. Herein, this review overviews the recent general fabrication methods of 3D framework‐based composite Li metal anode, including electrodeposition, molten Li infusion, and pressure‐derived fabrication, with the focus on the underlying mechanism, design criteria, and interfacial optimization. These results can give specific perspectives for future Li metal batteries with thin thickness, low N/P ratio, lean electrolyte, and high energy density (>350 Wh Kg−1).
Stabilization of mandibular symphysis separation in an Amazonian brown brocket deer (Mazama nemorivaga)
Authors: Baselly‐Cueva Luis O. , Melo‐Neto Gabriel B. , Galindo David J. , Lima Heloisa C. , Rahal Sheila C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, 22.5 kg, entire, male Amazonian brown brocket buck (Mazama nemorivaga) was presented with difficulty in prehending food, ptyalism, inability to close the mouth and lateral deviation of the tongue. Physical examination revealed poor rostral mandibular occlusion, mobility of the left hemimandible incisors, instability and crepitus of the mandible suggestive of symphyseal separation. Radiographic examination confirmed the separation of the mandibular symphysis. Surgical repair was performed based on the technique of using two parallel 1‐mm stainless steel cerclage wires to provide stability to the mandibular symphysis. The cerclage wires were removed 8 weeks postoperatively after radiographic evaluation. After removing the wires, the symphysis was palpably stable and no dental mobility was detected. In the last evaluation 3 years after surgery, the deer had normal dental occlusion and no difficulty in prehension of food. This surgical technique proved adequate to withstand the disruptive forces applied.
Seasonal changes of stable isotope signals in the primary feathers of plains sharp‐tailed grouse
Authors: Meyhoff Sejer D. , Johnson Daniel L. , Ellert Benjamin H. , Lutes Katelyn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStable isotopes of a consumer organism can be used to estimate the proportional utilization of food items that have different isotopic signals to estimate changes in diet over time. Using stable isotopes as biotracers has become a useful tool for investigating trophic dynamics in ecosystems. Recent advances in the theory of stable isotope dynamics and food web modeling have extended the utility of natural variations in stable isotope abundance. However, as a growing field, some potentially useful approaches to using stable isotopes remain untested. Here, we used stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) to validate their utility in examining the feeding relationships of plains sharp‐tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi; hereafter sharp‐tailed grouse) in southern Alberta, Canada. Sharp‐tailed grouse are known to consume mostly plants and opportunistically utilize insects and spiders as a high protein food source between May and October. Primary feathers obtained from hunter harvested grouse were analysed and used to estimate diet proportions of vegetation and arthropods during this time frame. Stable isotope measurements of primary feathers were able to show seasonal changes in sharp‐tailed grouse diet. Our results indicated that sharp‐tailed grouse may primarily utilize nutrients obtained from insect prey (mainly grasshoppers) for feather synthesis during molt, and that the isotope signals found in primary feathers may be a result of isotopic routing. Stable isotope data also reflected known differences among adult female and male, and juvenile grouse feeding ecology. However, model uncertainty existed due to isotopic similarity of some plant and animal food sources.
Formulation of SH wave characteristics in nonlocal nanoplates
Authors: Wang Xianhui , Yu Pengcheng , Qiao Hui , Yu Jiangong , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe scale effect of mechanical properties is one of the most critical issues in application of the nanostructures. In order to study the scale effect on SH waves in nanoplates, a Legendre polynomial series method combined with the nonlocal theory (N‐LPSA) is developed in this paper. The presented method enables the boundary condition achieved quickly by the derived iterative solution formula of the integral, which contains nonlocal factors and Legendre polynomials. Besides, the formula of escape frequency is deduced analytically to facilitate the study of wave propagation law. Numerical comparisons show the correctness of the N‐LPSA. The results indicate that cut‐off frequencies of some higher‐order modes are higher than their escape frequencies. The anisotropy with the nonlocal effects can lead to the intersection of the modal curves, which does not appear in classical structures. Moreover, the fitting formulas of cut‐off and crossing frequencies are developed to predict the compression and the intersection of the modal curves, respectively.
On continuous 2-category symmetries and Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Antinucci Andrea , Galati Giovanni , Rizi Giovanni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study a 4d gauge theory U(1)N−1 ⋊ SN obtained from a U(1)N−1 theory by gauging a 0-form symmetry SN. We show that this theory has a global continuous 2-category symmetry, whose structure is particularly rich for N > 2. This example allows us to draw a connection between the higher gauging procedure and the difference between local and global fusion, which turns out to be a key feature of higher categorical symmetries. By studying the spectrum of local and extended operators, we find a mapping with gauge invariant operators of 4d SU(N) Yang-Mills theory. The largest group-like subcategory of the non-invertible symmetries of our theory is a $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^{(1)} $$

ℤ
N

1

1-form symmetry, acting on the Wilson lines in the same way as the center symmetry of Yang-Mills theory does. Supported by a path-integral argument, we propose that the U(1)N−1 ⋊ SN gauge theory has a relation with the ultraviolet limit of SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in which all Gukov-Witten operators become topological, and form a continuous non-invertible 2-category symmetry, broken down to the center symmetry by the RG flow.
Transverse Λ polarization in e+e− processes within a TMD factorization approach and the polarizing fragmentation function
Authors: D’Alesio Umberto , Gamberg Leonard , Murgia Francesco , Zaccheddu Marco 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We perform a re-analysis of Belle data for the transverse Λ and $$ \overline{\Lambda} $$

Λ
¯

polarization in e+e− annihilation processes within a transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization approach. We consider two data sets, one referring to the associated production of Λ’s with a light unpolarized hadron in an almost back-to-back configuration, and one for the inclusive Λ production, with the reconstruction of the thrust axis. We adopt the Collins-Soper-Sterman framework and employ the recent formulation on the factorization of single-inclusive hadron production. This extends a previous phenomenological study carried out in a more simplified TMD approach, leading to a new extraction of the polarizing fragmentation function (FF). While confirming several features of the previous analysis, here we include the proper QCD scale dependence of this TMD FF and carefully exploit the role of its nonperturbative component. The compatibility, within a unique TMD factorization scheme, of double and single-inclusive hadron production is discussed in detail. Moreover, we consider another data set for inclusive Λ production, at much larger energies, from the OPAL Collaboration, in order to test the consistency of the entire approach. Finally, we elaborate on some fundamental issues like the role of SU(2) isospin symmetry and the heavy quark contributions.