bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to High‐Value Derivatives by Selective Activation of C−O, C=O, and C=C Bonds
Authors: Wang Yueqing , Wang Hongxing , Kong Xiao , Zhu Yulei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith increasing concern for reducing CO2 emission and alleviating fossil resource dependence, catalytic transformation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a vital platform compound derived from C6 sugars, holds great promise for producing value‐added chemicals. Among several well‐established catalytic systems, hydrogenation and oxidation processes have been efficiently adopted for upgrading HMF. This Review covers recent advances in the development of thermocatalytic conversion of HMF into value‐added chemicals. The advances of metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, ring‐opening, decarbonylation, and oxidation involving selective activation of C−O, C=O, and C=C groups are described. The roles played by nature of metals, supports, additives, synergy of metal–acid sites, and metal–support interaction are also discussed at the molecular level. Finally, an outlook is provided to highlight major challenges associated with this huge research area.
A noncooperative game‐theoretic approach applied to the service selection in the vehicular cloud
Authors: Hichri Yamina , Dahi Soumaya , Fathallah Habib 
Published: April 2022

SummaryRecent advancements in the automotive area have aided in the development of smart vehicles with high processing, computing, and storage capabilities. These resources are leveraged to cope with the demands of consumer vehicles such as data analysis, optimization, and decision‐making. The first and foremost step in establishing this paradigm of computing so‐called vehicular cloud is the service selection. Nonetheless, vehicles' high mobility and the network's rapidly changing topology have addressed new challenges such as instability of resources, making their management complicated. Therefore, the vehicular cloud requires robust and efficient resource management solutions to be developed. In this article, we present a game theory‐based framework for vehicular resource selection where provider vehicles and consumer vehicles play a game against each other until reach equilibrium in order to enable consumer vehicles to select the most suitable provider vehicles that meet their requirements in terms of service quality and cost. Furthermore, a thorough study was carried out in order to study the interaction between players and predict their future behaviors. As this interaction will result in a pure and mixed equilibrium state, the convergence of the proposed theoretic model for both equilibrium states is rigorously demonstrated under certain assumptions. Effective search algorithms based on the best responses are designed to compute the pure and mixed Nash equilibrium. The suggested approach's verification is evaluated based on the satisfaction of the players and has shown better performance comparing previous algorithms.
A case of eosinophilic cholangitis without bile duct stenosis diagnosed by bile duct biopsy
Authors: Ukita Kentaro , Izumikawa Koichi , Ishihama Sawako , Nishiyama Masashi , Sakakihara Ichiro , Wato Masaki , Takaguchi Koichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEosinophilic cholangitis (EC) is a rare benign disease that is often misdiagnosed as a malignancy due to the development of biliary stricture. This disease is generally diagnosed by liver biopsy or surgery. Herein, we report a case of EC diagnosed in an 86‐year‐old Japanese woman, who presented with fever, elevated eosinophil count, and elevated liver enzyme level, based on intraductal ultrasound evaluation showing bile duct wall thickening and bile duct biopsy of the same site. We diagnosed this case as EC based on the triad of wall thickening of the biliary system, histopathological findings of eosinophilic infiltration of the biliary tract, and reversibility of biliary abnormalities without treatment. Bile duct biopsy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is rarely used to confirm the diagnosis of EC without bile duct stenosis. For EC and cholecystitis associated with eosinophilia, bile duct biopsy under ERCP, which is less invasive, should be considered. This patient was older than the previously reported patients, and the value of a minimally invasive diagnosis was high.
A single LC‐MS/MS validated method for tulathromycin quantification in plasma, seminal plasma, and urine to be applied in a pharmacokinetic study in bull
Authors: Barbarossa Andrea , Bardhi Anisa , Gazzotti Teresa , Mari Gaetano , Pagliuca Giampiero 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTulathromycin is a macrolide antibiotic generally used for the treatment of respiratory diseases in cattle and swine. This work proposes an improvement of a previously published LC‐MS/MS method for tulathromycin determination in pig serum, here validated in three different bull matrices: plasma, seminal plasma, and urine. The approach is based on a quick protein precipitation with acetonitrile, filtration, and sample dilution before injection, allowing to rapidly process large batches of samples. Analytes separation was obtained using a BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column, maintained at 40°C with a chromatographic run of 5 min. The method was fully validated over concentration ranges suitable for field levels of tulathromycin found in each matrix (0.01–1 μg/ml for plasma, 0.05–5 μg/ml for seminal plasma, and 0.1–10 μg/ml for urine), showing good linearity during each day of testing (R2 always >0.99). Accuracy and precision were within ±15% at all QC concentrations in all the three matrices. Furthermore, the use of tulathromycine‐d7 as internal standard mitigated the potential impacts of matrix effect. The validated technique was successfully applied to samples collected during a pharmacokinetic study in bulls, allowing to monitor tulathromycin concentrations over time in the three matrices. To our knowledge, this is the first validated approach for LC‐MS/MS quantification of tulathromycin in seminal plasma and urine.
Reevaluating trophic discrimination factors (Δδ13CandΔδ15N) for diet reconstruction
Authors: Stephens Ryan B. , Ouimette Andrew P. , Hobbie Erik A. , Rowe Rebecca J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStable isotope analysis is increasingly being used to assess diet and trophic positions of animals. Such assessments require estimates of trophic discrimination factors (TDFs)—offset between the isotopic composition of diet and animal tissues—with imprecise applications of TDFs leading to biased conclusions in resource use. Because TDFs are unavailable for most species, ecologists often apply values from taxonomically similar species or use trophic step increases of approximately 1‰ for carbon (TDF‐δ13C) and 3‰ for nitrogen (TDF‐δ15N). Such practices may yield inaccuracies since TDFs vary greatly, even within a species. To better understand the factors that influence TDFs, we conducted a meta‐analysis of TDF‐δ13C and TDF‐δ15N for mammals and quantified variation in relation to consumer type (herbivore, omnivore, carnivore) and diet source (C3‐based, C4‐based, marine‐based, mixture). Additionally, to guide TDF choice, we used an isotopic data set of small mammal tissues and diet items to assess how predicted dietary contributions vary with TDFs estimated using (1) taxonomic relatedness, (2) consumer type and diet source, or (3) values derived from wild animals eating natural diets. Our meta‐analysis revealed that metabolic routing and interactions between consumer class, dietary source, and the protein versus energy content of diets best explained variation in TDF‐δ13C values (−1.5‰ to 7.3‰), whereas consumer class best explained variation in TDF‐δ15N values (−0.5‰ to 7.1‰). Our test of methods to estimate TDFs indicated that ecologists should avoid relying on taxonomic relatedness when selecting TDF‐δ13C because mixed‐diet lab studies may produce misleading results for herbivores and omnivores. Additionally, field‐derived estimates could help fill TDF gaps where diets within a consumer class are absent. Overall, we suggest that using standard TDF trophic step values should be abandoned, because feeding studies are often poor proxies for natural diets, particularly for herbivores and omnivores. Instead, we make recommendations on how to select TDFs, along with a range of TDF‐δ13C and TDF‐δ15N values depending on diet source, consumer class, and tissue type. Use of these more refined recommendations and TDF values in isotopic assessments will improve estimates of diets and trophic interactions in natural systems, leading to a better understanding of ecological interactions and communities.
Utkin et al.'s dataset on specific leaf area
Authors: Utkin Anatoly , Ermolova Lyudmila , Utkina Irina , Dulepova Natalia , Rosbakh Sergey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpecific leaf area (SLA; one‐sided leaf area per unit of dry mass) is a key trait indicating plant growth strategy and its responses to changing environments. Despite its high relevance for ecological research and recent efforts to mobilize the trait data, information on SLA in many plant lineages and biogeographic regions is still underrepresented. To assist in closing this gap, we translated and digitized a large dataset on SLA titled the Surface areas of forest plants by Anatoly I. Utikin, Lyudmila S. Ermolova, and Irina A. Utkina, published in Russian in 2008 (Nakua, Moscow, Russia) and previously not accessible to the great majority of people in the international research community. The book contains a compendium of SLA values collected by A. Utkin and his colleagues published between 1918 and 2006 containing research on ~1100 gymnosperm species from 562 genera and 139 families. Additionally, Utkin et al. provided useful information on the SLA ranges and SLA responses to changing illumination for several species. Also, the dataset contains ~200 references to research on SLA conducted between 1918 and 2006. The dataset is ready to use in various trait analyses. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions for research or teaching purposes. The authors would appreciate notification when and how the data are used.
Characterization of a novel microfluidic platform for the isolation of rare single cells to enable CTC analysis from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Stiefel Janis , Freese Christian , Sriram Ashwin , Alebrand Sabine , Srinivas Nalini , Sproll Christoph , Wandrey Madita , Gül Désirée , Hagemann Jan , Becker Jürgen C. , Baßler Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDetailed examination of tumor components is leading‐edge to establish personalized cancer therapy. Accompanying research on cell‐free DNA, the cell count of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patient blood is seen as a crucial prognostic factor. The potential of CTC analysis is further not limited to the determination of the overall survival rate but sheds light on understanding inter‐ and intratumoral heterogeneity. In this regard, commercial CTC isolation devices combining an efficient enrichment of rare cells with a droplet deposition of single cells for downstream analysis are highly appreciated. The Liquid biopsy platform CTCelect was developed to realize a fully‐automated enrichment and single cell dispensing of CTCs from whole blood without pre‐processing. We characterized each process step with two different carcinoma cell lines demonstrating up to 87 % enrichment (n = 10) with EpCAM coupled immunomagnetic beads, 73 % optical detection and dispensing efficiency (n = 5). 40 to 56.7 % of cells were recovered after complete isolation from 7.5 ml untreated whole blood (n = 6). In this study, CTCelect enabled automated dispensing of single circulating tumor cells from HNSCC patient samples, qPCR‐based confirmation of tumor‐related biomarkers and immunostaining. Finally, the platform was compared to commercial CTC isolation technologies to highlight advantages and limitations of CTCelect. This system offers new possibilities for single cell screening in cancer diagnostics, individual therapy approaches and real‐time monitoring.
Experiment and numerical simulation investigation on cavitation evolution and damage in the throttling section of pressure reducing valve
Authors: Duan Aoqiang , Wang Chao , Xu Jian , Gao Shuaiqi , Liu Xiaofei , Jin Haozhe , Ou Guofu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor the phenomenon of widespread and serious cavitation damage in the throttling section of pressure reducing valve under high temperature and high pressure in the chemical technology process of petroleum and coal, according to actual coordination structure widely applied between the valve core and valve seat, the cavitation throttling section with symmetrical contraction and expansion was made, and the visualized cavitation water tunnel experimental apparatus was designed and constructed. The cavitation evolution process with time under different cavitation numbers σ was recorded by the high‐speed photography, the variation law of cavitation damage length and area with time was investigated by using aluminum film as cavitation damage carrier. Based on the experimental cavitation characteristic length L*, the evaporation coefficient Fv, and condensation coefficient Fc in the Zwart–Gerber–Belamri cavitation numerical model were modified, and the cavitation damage region was predicted by the gas phase condensation rate of numerical simulation. The results show that with the decrease of cavitation number, the characteristic length of cavitation strip increases; the cavitation characteristic length fluctuates greatly at σ = 1.22, and there are cavitation cloud periodic formation, shedding, collapse, and disappearance at the tail of the cavitation strip on the upper valve seat; the cavitation damage length of the upper and lower valve seat remains unchanged with time, and the cavitation damage area increases approximately linearly with time; the initial position and length of cavitation damage predicted by the gas phase condensation rate are basically consistent with the experimental results, which verifies the accuracy of the modified numerical simulation.
Frequency‐dependent modulation of neural oscillations across the gait cycle
Authors: Zhao Mingqi , Bonassi Gaia , Samogin Jessica , Taberna Gaia Amaranta , Pelosin Elisa , Nieuwboer Alice , Avanzino Laura , Mantini Dante 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBalance and walking are fundamental to support common daily activities. Relatively accurate characterizations of normal and impaired gait features were attained at the kinematic and muscular levels. Conversely, the neural processes underlying gait dynamics still need to be elucidated. To shed light on gait‐related modulations of neural activity, we collected high‐density electroencephalography (hdEEG) signals and ankle acceleration data in young healthy participants during treadmill walking. We used the ankle acceleration data to segment each gait cycle in four phases: initial double support, right leg swing, final double support, left leg swing. Then, we processed hdEEG signals to extract neural oscillations in alpha, beta, and gamma bands, and examined event‐related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) across gait phases. Our results showed that ERD/ERS modulations for alpha, beta, and gamma bands were strongest in the primary sensorimotor cortex (M1), but were also found in premotor cortex, thalamus and cerebellum. We observed a modulation of neural oscillations across gait phases in M1 and cerebellum, and an interaction between frequency band and gait phase in premotor cortex and thalamus. Furthermore, an ERD/ERS lateralization effect was present in M1 for the alpha and beta bands, and in the cerebellum for the beta and gamma bands. Overall, our findings demonstrate that an electrophysiological source imaging approach based on hdEEG can be used to investigate dynamic neural processes of gait control. Future work on the development of mobile hdEEG‐based brain–body imaging platforms may enable overground walking investigations, with potential applications in the study of gait disorders.
Differential microbial assembly processes and co‐occurrence networks in the soil‐root continuum along an environmental gradient
Authors: Zhong Yangquanwei , Sorensen Patrick O. , Zhu Guangyu , Jia Xiaoyu , Liu Jin , Shangguan Zhouping , Wang Ruiwu , Yan Weiming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms of the soil‐root continuum play key roles in ecosystem function. The Loess Plateau is well known for its severe soil erosion and thick loess worldwide, where mean annual precipitation (MAP) and soil nutrients decrease from the southeast to the northwest. However, the relative influence of environmental factors on the microbial community in four microhabitats (bulk soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere) in the soil‐root continuum along the environmental gradient in the Loess Plateau remains unclear. In this study, we investigated 82 field sites from warm‐temperate to desert grasslands across the Loess Plateau, China, to assess the bacterial diversity, composition, community assembly, and co‐occurrence networks in the soil‐root continuum along an environmental gradient using bacterial 16S recombinant DNA amplicon sequencing. We discovered that the microhabitats explained the largest source of variations in the bacterial diversity and community composition in this region. Environmental factors (e.g., MAP, soil organic carbon, and pH) impacted the soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane bacterial communities, but their effects on the bacterial community decreased with increased proximity to roots from the soil to the rhizoplane, and the MAP enlarged the dissimilarity of microbial communities from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane to bulk soil. Additionally, stochastic assembly processes drove the endosphere communities, whereas the soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane communities were governed primarily by the variable selection of deterministic processes, which showed increased importance from warm‐temperate to desert grasslands. Moreover, the properties of the microbial networks in the rhizoplane community indicate more stable networks in desert grasslands, likely conferring the resistance of microbial communities in higher stress environments. Collectively, our results showed that the bacterial communities in the soil‐root continuum had different sensitivities and assembly mechanisms along an environmental gradient. These patterns are shaped simultaneously by the intertwined dimensions of proximity to roots and environmental stress change in the Loess Plateau.
An advantageous imaging perspective for quantitative evaluation of 7075 aluminum alloy grain boundary precipitates using scanning electron microscope
Authors: Li Dong , Tu Siyu , Chen Jian , Gagné Marc‐Olivier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract7075 Aluminum alloy (AA7075) samples undergone four aging sequences were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmitted electron microscope (TEM). The measurements results validate the correlation between stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance and the size and inter‐distance of the grain boundary precipitates (GBPs). To evaluate the size and inter‐distance of GBPs, we demonstrate in this study a highly efficient SEM imaging technique that can unfold grain boundary in a two‐dimensional view. Compared to TEM, imaging with backscattered electrons in SEM (SEM‐BSE) is more advantageous for GBPs presentation and measurements. The major reason is that about 900 times more sampling area can be imaged with SEM from the same specimen for TEM observation, thus enabling frequent appearances of GBPs at normal top view perspective, a planar view best for GBPs quantitative analysis but not well‐documented. The acceleration tension of SEM for imaging was optimized at 10 kV with an information depth of around 330 nm.Research Highlights
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging using backscattered electrons is efficient for AA7075 grain boundary precipitate imaging.
The precipitate size and inter‐distance can be more accurately measured with the perspective of normal top view under SEM than transmitted electron microscope.
Short‐time ventricular tachycardia ablation for cardiac sarcoidosis using coherent map
Authors: Hiruma Takashi , Sekiguchi Yukio , Nagase Takahiko , Nitta Junichi , Isobe Mitsuaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 69‐year‐old woman with isolated cardiac sarcoidosis was hospitalized for frequent appropriate implantable converter defibrillator therapies for ventricular tachycardia (VT) despite of favorably controlled condition with oral prednisolone. The patient underwent urgent catheter ablation with CARTO 3D mapping system. Although the voltage map, activation map, and propagation map during VT could not visualize the tachycardia circuit, the coherent map clarified entrance and exit sites of the tachycardia circuit with slow or nonconducting (SNO) zones, which seemed like a figure‐of‐eight circuit. Considering the risk of VT termination or acceleration to rapid unstable VT, neither entrainment nor pacing studies were performed. The VT was terminated near the exit site of the isthmus where tiny pre‐systolic potential was detected. Any diastolic potentials could not be detected. This meant that the critical isthmus might be located at the epicardium or deep incite of the left‐ventricular myocardium where the coherent map showed as SNO zones. We should recognize coherent map as artificial that may represent VT circuit as if complete endocardial reentry even if not. The procedural time from mapping to termination of VT was only 22 minutes. The patient has been free from any cardiovascular events after the procedure. Coherent map might be feasible for revealing the critical isthmus of hemodynamically stable VTs without using electrophysiological techniques, including entrainment, pacing study, and voltage map during own beats, and would enable us to achieve successful VT ablation in a short time.
Macabeo (Viura) grape response to climate variability in areas located at different elevations in the Rioja Designation of Origin
Authors: Ramos María Concepción , Martínez de Toda Fernando 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis research aims to analyse the influence of climatic conditions on phenology and grape composition of Macabeo, which is one of the white varieties authorized in Rioja DOCa. Phenological dates for flowers separated and harvest, and grape composition were evaluated for the period 2008–2020 in five plots, located at different elevations (457–650 m a.s.l.). Grape parameters were related to temperature and water deficit recorded along the growing cycle.RESULTSHigh variability in the weather conditions were recorded during the period analysed, with differences in the average growing season maximum temperature of up to 2.5 °C among years and about 2 °C among locations. Differences in the average growing season precipitation of about 200 mm among years and up to 60 mm among locations were recorded. That high variability could explain the differences in grape composition observed among years and among zones. The lowest sugar contents were recorded at the highest elevation, while acidity in that area was the highest. Although the relationship was only significant in one plot, probable volumetric alcoholic degree increased with increasing maximum temperature. Titratable acidity and malic acid decreased with increasing maximum temperature, the change being higher in the plots located at the highest elevation. Both titratable acidity and malic acid were significantly affected by water deficits recorded during the growing season, and in particular that recorded after floowering.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that under warmer scenarios a decrease in titratable acidity and in malic acid might be expected for this variety, but with differences among zones located at different elevations. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.