bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prompt HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment in postpartum women is crucial for prevention of mother to child transmission during breastfeeding: Survey results in a high HIV prevalence community in southern Mozambique after the implementation of Option B+
Authors: Fernández-Luis Sheila , Fuente-Soro Laura , Nhampossa Tacilta , Lopez-Varela Elisa , Augusto Orvalho , Nhacolo Ariel , Vazquez Olalla , Saura-Lázaro Anna , Guambe Helga , Tibana Kwalila , Ngeno Bernadette , Juga Adelino José Chingore , Cowan Jessica Greenberg , Urso Marilena , Naniche Denise 
Published: August 2022

Objective
World Health Organization recommends promoting breastfeeding without restricting its duration among HIV-positive women on lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART). There is little data on breastfeeding duration and mother to child transmission (MTCT) beyond 24 months. We compared the duration of breastfeeding in HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed children and we identified factors associated with postpartum-MTCT in a semi-rural population of Mozambique.

Methods
This cross-sectional assessment was conducted from October-2017 to April-2018. Mothers who had given birth within the previous 48-months in the Manhiça district were randomly selected to be surveyed and to receive an HIV-test along with their children. Postpartum MTCT was defined as children with an initial HIV positive result beyond 6 weeks of life who initiated breastfeeding if they had a first negative PCR result during the first 6 weeks of life or whose mother had an estimated date of infection after the child’s birth. Cumulative incidence accounting for right-censoring was used to compare breastfeeding duration in HIV-exposed and unexposed children. Fine-Gray regression was used to assess factors associated with postpartum-MTCT.

Results
Among the 5000 mother-child pairs selected, 69.7% (3486/5000) were located and enrolled. Among those, 27.7% (967/3486) children were HIV-exposed, 62.2% (2169/3486) were HIV-unexposed and for 10.0% (350/3486) HIV-exposure was unknown. Median duration of breastfeeding was 13.0 (95%CI:12.0–14.0) and 20.0 (95%CI:19.0–20.0) months among HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed children, respectively (p<0.001). Of the 967 HIV-exposed children, 5.3% (51/967) were HIV-positive at the time of the survey. We estimated that 27.5% (14/51) of the MTCT occurred during pregnancy and delivery, 49.0% (2551) postpartum-MTCT and the period of MTCT remained unknown for 23.5% (12/51) of children. In multivariable analysis, mothers’ ART initiation after the date of childbirth was associated (aSHR:9.39 [95%CI:1.75–50.31], p = 0.001), however breastfeeding duration was not associated with postpartum-MTCT (aSHR:0.99 [95%CI:0.96–1.03], p = 0.707).

Conclusion
The risk for postpartum MTCT was nearly tenfold higher in women newly diagnosed and/or initiating ART postpartum. This highlights the importance of sustained HIV screening and prompt ART initiation in postpartum women in Sub-Saharan African countries. Under conditions where HIV-exposed infants born to mothers on ART receive adequate PMTCT, extending breastfeeding duration may be recommended.
Accuracy of CT perfusion ischemic core volume and location estimation: A comparison between four ischemic core estimation approaches using syngo.via
Authors: Hoving Jan W. , Koopman Miou S. , Tolhuisen Manon L. , Voorst Henk van , Brehm Marcus , Berkhemer Olvert A. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Beenen Ludo F. M. , Marquering Henk A. , Emmer Bart J. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. 
Published: August 2022

Background and objective
Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is widely used in the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke patients for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). The stability of CTP core estimation is suboptimal and varies between software packages. We aimed to quantify the volumetric and spatial agreement between the CTP ischemic core and follow-up infarct for four ischemic core estimation approaches using syngo.via.

Methods
We included successfully reperfused, EVT-treated patients with baseline CTP and 24h follow-up diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) (November 2017–September 2020). Data were processed with syngo.via VB40 using four core estimation approaches based on: cerebral blood volume (CBV)<1.2mL/100mL with and without smoothing filter, relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF)<30%, and rCBF<20%. The follow-up infarct was segmented on DWI.

Results
In 59 patients, median estimated CTP core volumes for four core estimation approaches ranged from 12–39 mL. Median 24h follow-up DWI infarct volume was 11 mL. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed moderate–good volumetric agreement for all approaches (range 0.61–0.76). Median Dice was low for all approaches (range 0.16–0.21). CTP core overestimation >10mL occurred least frequent (14/59 [24%] patients) using the CBV-based core estimation approach with smoothing filter.

Conclusions
In successfully reperfused patients who underwent EVT, syngo.via CTP ischemic core estimation showed moderate volumetric and spatial agreement with the follow-up infarct on DWI. In patients with complete reperfusion after EVT, the volumetric agreement was excellent. A CTP core estimation approach based on CBV<1.2 mL/100mL with smoothing filter least often overestimated the follow-up infarct volume and is therefore preferred for clinical decision making using syngo.via.
Glucose deprivation reduces proliferation and motility, and enhances the anti-proliferative effects of paclitaxel and doxorubicin in breast cell lines in vitro
Authors: Khajah Maitham A. , Khushaish Sarah , Luqmani Yunus A. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Breast cancer chemotherapy with high dose alkylating agents is severely limited by their collateral toxicity to crucial normal tissues such as immune and gut cells. Taking advantage of the selective dependence of cancer cells on high glucose and combining glucose deprivation with these agents could produce therapeutic synergy.

Methods
In this study we examined the effect of glucose as well as its deprivation, and antagonism using the non-metabolized analogue 2-deoxy glucose, on the proliferation of several breast cancer cell lines MCF7, MDA-MB-231, YS1.2 and pII and one normal breast cell line, using the MTT assay. Motility was quantitatively assessed using the wound healing assay. Lactate, as the end product of anaerobic glucose metabolism, secreted into culture medium was measured by a biochemical assay. The effect of paclitaxel and doxorubicin on cell proliferation was tested in the absence and presence of low concentrations of glucose using MTT assay.

Results
In all cell lines, glucose supplementation enhanced while glucose deprivation reduced both their proliferation and motility. Lactate added to the medium could substitute for glucose. The inhibitory effects of paclitaxel and doxorubicin were significantly enhanced when glucose concentration was decreased in the culture medium, requiring 1000-fold lesser concentration to achieve a similar degree of inhibition to that seen in glucose-containing medium.

Conclusion
Our data show that a synergy was obtained by combining paclitaxel and doxorubicin with glucose reduction to inhibit cancer cell growth, which in vivo, might be achieved by applying a carbohydrate-restricted diet during the limited phase of application of chemotherapy; this could permit a dose reduction of the cytotoxic agents, resulting in greater tolerance and lesser side effects.
Aristotle on Efficient and Final Causes in Plato
Authors: Vázquez Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInMetaphysicsA 6, Aristotle claims that Plato only recognises formal and material causes. Yet, in various dialogues, Plato seems to use and distinguish efficient and final causes too. Consequently, Harold Cherniss accuses Aristotle of being an unfair, forgetful, or careless reader of Plato. Since then, scholars have tried to defend Aristotle’s exegetical skills. I offer textual evidence and arguments to show that their efforts still fall short of the desired goal. I argue, instead, that we can reject Cherniss’ assertation by re-examining Aristotle’s exegetical and methodological assumptions.
Götter als Seelen? Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis von Numenios, Fr. 30 des Places
Authors: Krämer Benedikt 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present paper deals with a syntactic ambiguity in Numenius’ Fr. 30, 9 and proposes a new reading. According to most scholars, in this fragment Numenius tries to identify Egyptian gods and human souls descending into generation. Instead, I argue that, since theology and psychology are different topics in Fr. 3, Numenius is rather talking about the interrelation of gods and souls in the process of metempsychosis.
Accelerated relaxation behavior during water desorption in the mechano-sorptive creep of wood: modeling and analysis based on the free volume concept and Kohlausch–Williams–Watts function
Authors: Nakano Takato 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The accelerated creep behavior during water desorption of wood was modeled on the Kohlausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) function and free volume concept. Assuming that the water desorption rate

dmc/dln t

$\text{dmc/dln\,t}$

is involved in the creation of a new free volume, the net creep compliance during desorption J
du(t) was obtained as

ln

J
du

(
t
)

=

β
c

ln

t
−

β
c

(

ln

τ

c
0

+

k
f

dmc
/
d
ln

t

)

+
ln

J

c
∞

$\mathrm{ln} {J}_{\text{du}}\left(t\right)={\beta }_{\text{c}} \mathrm{ln} t-{\beta }_{\text{c}}\left(\mathrm{ln} {\tau }_{\text{c}0}+{k}_{\text{f}}\,\text{dmc}/\text{d}\mathrm{ln} t\right)+\mathrm{ln} {J}_{\text{c}\infty }$

where β
c, τ
c0 and J
c∞ are the stretching parameter, characteristic time of the relaxation, and long-time asymptote compliance at a constant moisture content (mc) equal to the initial mc of the accelerated creep, respectively, and k
f is the coefficient of the water desorption rate. These parameters were determined by simulation using experimental data and literature results and were found to be reasonable. The simulation results agreed well with the experimental ones. This verifies the validity of the model and its derived equations.
Imagining interdisciplinary dialogue in the European Court of Justice’s Deckmyn decision: conceptual challenges when law and technology regulate parody
Authors: Breemen Kelly , Breemen Vicky 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Deckmyn v Vandersteen, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) defined parody as an “autonomous concept of EU law” with certain “essential characteristics.” The case revolved around a parodic drawing modeled after a cover of the well-known Suske & Wiske comic book series. Building on literary theory on parody, including the work of Genette, this paper will analyze both the ECJ’s reasoning in Deckmyn and the preceding Advocate General’s opinion in this case. In search for a shared vocabulary, we will focus on the specific legal interpretation in comparison to the characteristics identified from a humanities perspective. We identify opportunities for interdisciplinary dialogue, which now remains too implicit in the legal documents. In addition, we will address the conceptual challenges posed by parody in the digital age. For instance, to what extent can parody’s nuanced characteristics be recognized by filter technologies as required by modern copyright law in the online environment that has become a catalyst for sharing creative content?
Cartoons on trial: a case study integrating discursive, legal and empirical perspectives
Authors: Pedrazzini Ana , Royaards Tjeerd 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on two controversial cartoons that elicited debates around the conflicts between freedom of expression and the right to satire on the one hand, and the protection of the reputation or rights of others on the other. Paying special attention to genre-related aspects, we adopt a comprehensive approach that combines a discourse analysis of the cartoons, the analysis of the legal cases that followed their publication, and the assessment by 68 cartoonists from 33 nationalities on the clarity and offensiveness of the selected cartoons. The cartoons were published inCharlie Hebdo(France) andEl Universo(Ecuador), respectively. Based on our analyses, we propose that the main triggers of discursive controversy are the target as well as the modal and rhetorical ways of addressing a theme. We also conclude that: (1) The plaintiff’s most relevant arguments deny the satirical status of these cartoons; (2) The high disparity in the cartoonists’ assessments ofCharlie Hebdo’s cartoon can be associated with its ambiguity when addressing a sensitive issue; (3) Regardless of their positive or negative assessment, cartoonists have a strong position in defense of the authors’ and newspapers’ right to publish them; (4) No significant differences were found in the assessment of the cartoons in relation to the geographical origin of the cartoonists who took part in the questionnaire.
Thermal stability enhancement of berry anthocyanins by co-pigmentation with extracts from natural sources
Authors: Mazhitova Aichurok T. , Kasymakunova Aidaikan M. , Turker Nuzhet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The suitability of mandarin (MP), orange (OP) and pomegranate peel powders (PP) for co-pigmentation of dewberry, viburnum, red hawthorn, black hawthorn, and barberry anthocyanins was investigated. Spectrophotometric measurements indicated co-pigmentation causing both a hyperchromic effect (ΔABSmax = 5–13) and bathochromic shift (Δλ
vis-max up to 13 nm). The degradation kinetics of anthocyanins were estimated at temperatures ranging from 70 to 90 °C. First-order reactions with rate constants of 0.45–2.93 min−1 and 0.30–2.00 min−1 were observed for the reference and PP co-pigmented samples, respectively. The t
1/2 values were 3.90–25.7 h for the reference and 5.8–38.5 h for the co-pigmented samples. The activation energy (E
a) values were higher in co-pigmented samples (49.16–77.77 kJ/mol) than in reference samples (41.82–68.75 kJ/mol), except for black hawthorn, which had a lower E
a value in the co-pigmented sample. The thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy, free energy, and entropy) evaluated indicated a positive effect of co-pigmentation on the thermal treatment of anthocyanins.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase controls purinergic receptor-mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury in renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Pissas Georgios , Golfinopoulos Spyridon , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Stefanidis Ioannis 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Experimental studies have shown that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) and the purinergic receptor P2X7 contribute to kidney I–R injury. We evaluated whether there is an interplay between IDO and P2X7 in the pathogenesis of I–R injury.

Methods
Primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) were subjected to anoxia or reoxygenation with or without specific inhibitors. Cell imaging, colorimetric assays, and Western blotting were used.

Results
Cell imaging revealed that inhibition of IDO, or all the purinergic receptors with an ATPase, or specific inhibition of P2X7 rescued the cells from anoxia or reoxygenation-induced cell death. This was confirmed with LDH release assay, which also detected the ferroptotic nature of cell death due to reoxygenation. On the contrary, activated cleaved caspase 3 increased during anoxia, showing that apoptosis prevails. All the aforementioned treatments prevented caspase increase. Both anoxia and reoxygenation increased extracellular ATP, IDO, and P2X7 expression. IDO remained unaffected by the above-mentioned treatments. On the contrary, treatment with apyrase or inhibition of P2X7decreased extracellular ATP and P2X7 expression, which are also decreased by inhibition of IDO. The first indicates a positive feedback loop regarding P2X7 activation, expression and function, while the latter implies that IDO controls P2X7 expression.

Conclusions
In RPRECs subjected to anoxia or reoxygenation, IDO is upregulated, increasing P2X7 and contributing to anoxia or reoxygenation-induced cell death. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms implicated in kidney I–R injury is of particular interest since it may lead to new therapeutic strategies against AKI.
A neurotherapy protocol to remediate cognitive deficits after adjuvant chemotherapy: a pilot study
Authors: Sideroff Stephen , Wellisch David , Yarema Valerie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer is undeniably effective in increasing survival rates but many breast cancer survivors (BCS) exhibit side effects including nausea, fatigue, stress, and neurocognitive deficits, known as “chemobrain.” This pilot study explored how neurotherapy, or EEG biofeedback, a non-pharmacological approach, improved neurocognitive, behavioral, and neurophysiological deficits associated with BCS who underwent chemotherapy.

Methods
Subjects underwent 18 sessions of EEG biofeedback training, in which audio and visual feedback occurred with successful shifting of EEG patterns.

Results
Quantitative EEG and assessment tests demonstrated neurophysiological, cognitive, and behavioral deficits in all nine subjects prior to training. EEG biofeedback resulted in significant improvements in neurophysiological, neurocognitive, and psychological functions in all nine subjects after training.

Conclusions
We propose that this intervention and related forms of EEG biofeedback have the potential to significantly alleviate common side effects of chemotherapy in BCS and therefore merits additional research attention.
Asthma medications in schools: a cross-sectional analysis of the Asthma Call-back Survey 2017-2018
Authors: Wilkins Rachel , Schiffmacher Sadie , Gatewood Ashton , Conway Lauren , Greiner Ben , Hartwell Micah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
Asthma is the most common chronic disease affecting children in the United States. Goals for asthma management include symptom control, the ability to maintain a normal activity level, and minimizing adverse events.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to analyze the number of children with asthma that are permitted to carry medications at school and without an asthma action plan.

Methods
In this study, we analyzed the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Asthma Call-back Survey (ACBS) to assess the prevalence of children in school allowed to carry medication and with asthma action plans. Utilizing the sampling weights provided, we estimated population prevalence by age group and urbanicity.

Results
Results showed that, overall, 34.8% of students reported they were not allowed to carry asthma medications in school. Specifically, nearly 51% of children ages 5 to 9 and 33% of children ages 10 to 14 were reported not to be allowed to carry medications at school. Further, 58.2% of children did not have a written asthma action plan. Reported urbanicity was not significantly associated with access to medication at school (p=0.46) or having an asthma action plan (p=0.57).

Conclusions
In our study, more than one-third of students were not permitted to carry asthma medications and nearly three-fifths did not have a written asthma action plan. Therefore, we recommend partnerships between schools, healthcare professionals, students, and osteopathic family physicians to increase access to asthma action plans and medication in schools.
Bad Facts and Principles: Finding the Right Kind of Fact-Insensitivity
Authors: Bojanowski Jochen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
David Estlund holds that ultimate normative principles are insensitive to bad facts. This is a deliberately twisted appropriation of Jerry Cohen’s famous dictum that ultimate normative principles are fact-insensitive. In this paper, I will show why Estlund’s twist misses the point of Cohen’s argument. The fact-insensitivity claim is not a requirement to eliminate all facts from our normative theories because facts necessarily make these theories concessive. Instead, it may help us to locate the true origin of these concessions. In normative theorizing, we have not explained why a fact supports a principle if we fail to articulate the higher-order principle in light of which that fact is normatively significant.
Post-traumatic stress disorder: a psychiatric disorder requiring urgent attention
Authors: Du Jun , Diao Huapeng , Zhou Xiaojuan , Zhang Chunkui , Chen Yifei , Gao Yan , Wang Yizheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe and heterogenous psychiatric disorder that was first defined as a mental disorder in 1980. Currently, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases 11th Edition (ICD-11) offer the most widely accepted diagnostic guidelines for PTSD. In both diagnostic categories, experiencing a traumatic event (TE) is the necessary criterion for diagnosing PTSD. The TEs described in the DSM-5 include actual or threatened death, serious injury, sexual violence, and other extreme stressors, either directly or indirectly. More than 70% of adults worldwide are exposed to a TE at least once in their lifetime, and approximately 10% of individuals develop PTSD after experiencing a TE. The important features of PTSD are intrusion or re-experiencing fear memories, pervasive sense of threat, active avoidance, hyperarousal symptoms, and negative alterations of cognition and mood. Individuals with PTSD have high comorbidities with other psychiatric diseases, including major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the pathophysiology of PTSD is complex, involving abnormal neural circuits, molecular mechanisms, and genetic mechanisms. A combination of both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy is used to treat PTSD, but has limited efficacy in patients with refractory PTSD. Because of the high prevalence, heavy burden, and limited treatments, PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that requires urgent attention. In this review, we summarize and discuss the diagnosis, prevalence, TEs, pathophysiology, and treatments of PTSD and draw attention to its prevention.
The crystal structure of N′,N″,2-tris((E)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbohydrazonhydrazide hydrochloride – methanol (1/3), C25H30Cl4N6O6
Authors: Zhan An , Liu E. , Jian Fangfang , Liang Tongling 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
C25H30Cl4N6O6, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.2652(2) Å, b = 11.7642(3) Å, c = 14.6692(4) Å, α = 106.929(2)°, β = 99.753(2)°, γ = 98.675(2)°, V = 1473.15(7) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0292, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0839, T = 170 K.
Makkan Arabic does not have post-focus compression: a production and perception study
Authors: Alzaidi Muhammad Swaileh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPost-focus compression (PFC), in which words following focus are compressed inF0and intensity, is recently found to be effective in encoding focus. Recent studies find that PFC is present in Egyptian, Hijazi and Lebanese Arabic, and hence they are classified as +PFC languages. However, there are languages from the same family language which differ mainly in terms of the presence and absence of PFC. The current study investigated the production and perception of prosodic focus marking in Makkan Arabic, an under-researched Arabic dialect. Systematic acoustic analyses and statistical tests show that (a) the on-focus word is realized by expanding the excursion size, increasing theF0and strengthening the intensity of its stressed syllable, (b) information and contrastive focus are not prosodically distinguishable, (c) Makkan Arabic lacks PFC, and (d) focus recognition is low compared to Hijazi Arabic (+PFC), Taiwanese and Taiwan Mandarin (other −PFC languages). The new findings, taken together with recent findings, suggest that (1) the prosodic encoding of focus is different across Arabic dialects productively and perceptually, and (2) the on-focus raising is not a sufficient factor in recognizing prosodic cues to focus. These results contribute to broadening our understanding of different prosodic focus markings cross-linguistically and cross-dialectally.