bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The system-wide effects of dispatch, response and operational performance on emergency medical services during Covid-19
Authors: Pitt Ivan L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the Fire Department of New York City’s pre-hospital emergency medical services dispatch data for the period of March 20, 2019–June 13, 2019, and the corresponding Covid lockdown period of March 20, 2020–June 13, 2020. A fixed effects negative binomial model is used to estimate the heterogeneity effects of average ambulance travel or response times on the daily volume of emergency calls, year, day of the week, dispatcher-assigned medical emergency call type, priority rank, ambulance crew response, borough and an offset for missing calls. We also address the limitations of other non-parametric Covid studies or parametric studies that did not properly account for over-dispersion. When our model is estimated and corrected for clustered standard errors, fixed effects, and over-dispersion, we found that Wednesday was the only day of the week that was most likely to increase travel response time with an odd ratio of 6.91%. All grouped call types that were categorized showed significant declines in average travel time, except for call types designated as allergy and an odds ratio of 21.81%. When compared to Manhattan, Staten Island ambulance response times increased with an odds ratio of 19.05% while the Bronx showed a significant decline with an odds ratio of 31.92% advanced life support (ALS) and BLS ambulances showed the biggest declines in travel time with the exception of BLS assigned ambulance types and emergency priority rank of 6. Surprisingly, in terms of capacity utilization, the dispatch system was not as overwhelmed as previously predicted as emergency call volume declined by 8.83% year over year.
Null effects of news exposure: a test of the (un)desirable effects of a ‘news vacation’ and ‘news binging’
Authors: Wojcieszak Magdalena , Clemm von Hohenberg Bernhard , Casas Andreu , Menchen-Trevino Ericka , de Leeuw Sjifra , Gonçalves Alexandre , Boon Miriam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDemocratic theorists and the public emphasize the centrality of news media to a well-functioning society. Yet, there are reasons to believe that news exposure can have a range of largely overlooked detrimental effects. This preregistered project examines news exposure effects on desirable outcomes, i.e., political knowledge, participation, and support for compromise, and detrimental outcomes, i.e., attitude and affective polarization, negative system perceptions, and worsened individual well-being. We rely on two complementary over-time experiments that combine participants’ survey self-reports and their behavioral browsing data: one that incentivized participants to take a ’news vacation’ for a week (N = 803; 6M visits) in the US, the other to ‘news binge’ for 2 weeks (N = 939; 4M visits) in Poland. Across both experiments, we demonstrate that reducing or increasing news exposure has no impact on the positive or negative outcomes tested. These null effects emerge irrespective of participants’ prior levels of news consumption and whether prior news diet was like-minded, and regardless of compliance levels. We argue that these findings reflect the reality of limited news exposure in the real world, with news exposure comprising on average roughly 3% of citizens’ online information diet.
Initial results from near-infrared spectroscopy on ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Ramaiya N. , Manchanda R. , Chowdhuri M. B. , Yadava N. , Dey R. , Kumar A. , Shah K. , Patel S. , Jadeja K. A. , Patel K. M. , Kumar R. , Aich S. , Pathak S. K. , Tanna R. L. , Ghosh J. ,   ADITYA-U team
Published: November 2022

Spectroscopy in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and visible ranges plays an important role in the investigation and diagnosis of tokamak plasmas. However, under harsh environmental conditions of fusion grade devices, such as ITER, VUV–visible systems encounter many issues due to the degradation of optical components used in such systems. Here, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has become an effective tool in understanding the edge plasma dynamics. Considering its importance, a NIR spectroscopic diagnostic has been developed and installed on the ADITYA-U tokamak. The system consists of a 0.5 m spectrometer having three gratings with different groove densities, and it is coupled with a linear InGaAs photodiode array. Radiation from the ADITYA-U edge plasma has been collected using a collimating lens and optical fiber combination and transported to the spectrometer. The spectrum in the NIR range from the ADITYA-U plasma has been recorded using this system, in which Paβ and Paγ along with many spectral lines from neutral and singly ionized impurities have been observed. The influxes of H and C have been estimated from measurements. The H influx value is found to be 2.8 × 1016 and 1.9 × 1016 particles cm−2 s−1 from neutral hydrogen lines Hα and Paβ, respectively, and the C influx value is found to be 3.5 × 1015 and 2.9 × 1015 particles cm−2 s−1 from the neutral carbon and singly ionized carbon, respectively. A good agreement is seen between these results and the results obtained by using a routine photomultiplier tube based diagnostic.
Opportunities to be active in retirement villages and factors associated with physical activity in residents
Authors: Yoshihara Aoi , Bloomfield Katherine , Wu Zhenqiang , Tatton Annie , Hikaka Joanna , Boyd Michal , Peri Kathy , Connolly Martin J. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Physical activity (PA) in older people is associated with improved morbidity and mortality outcomes. Increasing numbers of older people are choosing to live in retirement villages, many of which promote themselves as providing opportunities for activity. Aim To explore the characteristics of PA village residents were undertaking and the associated individual and village factors. Methods Health, functional and wellbeing information was collected from 577 residents recruited from 34 villages in Auckland, New Zealand, using an International Resident Assessment Instrument and customised survey tools containing items on self-reported PA. Managers from villages completed a survey on village characteristics and facilities. Results The mean age (s.d.) of village residents was 82 (7) years, and 325 (56%) reporting doing one or more hours of PA in the 3 days prior to assessment. Moderate exercise was performed by 240 (42%) village residents, for a mean (s.d.) of 2.7 (3.4) h per week. The most common activities provided by villages included: bowls/petanque (22, 65%) and exercise classes (22, 65%), and walking was the most common activity undertaken (348, 60%). Factors independently associated with PA included individual factors (gender, fatigue, constipation, self-reported health, number of medications, moving to village for safety and security, utilising village fitness programme, use of the internet, and satisfaction with opportunities to be active) and village-related factors (access to unit, and ownership model). Discussion PA uptake is determined by many factors at both personal (physical and psychosocial) and environmental levels. Clinicians should focus on individualised PA promotion in those with identified risk factors for low levels of PA.
Recent advances in two-dimensional p-type metal chalcogenides: synthesis, doping strategies and applications
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhuge Fuwei , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal chalcogenides (MCs) showed great potential in meeting the requirements of high-performance (opto) electronic devices. In addition to the usual n-type MCs, developing p-type MCs is urgently demanded in preparing p–n junctions, bipolar junction transistors, field-effect transistors, etc. To this end, specified synthesis routes and engineering strategies for their key properties in (opto) electronics, including doping states, contact barriers and resistances, are critical to improving their performance. In the review, we summarize the recent advances in 2D p-type MCs by focusing on their direct synthesis routes, e.g. mechanical exfoliation, liquid exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, and the p-type doping strategies, including substitutional doping, charge transfer doping and electrostatic doping. The corresponding applications in electronics and optoelectronics are also involved. Finally, the challenges and prospects of 2D p-type MCs are presented to provide a reference in this field.
Adaptive thermal camouflage using sub-wavelength phase-change metasurfaces
Authors: RahimianOmam Zahra , Ghobadi Amir , Khalichi Bahram , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sub-wavelength metasurface designs can be used to artificially engineer the spectral thermal signature of an object. The real-time control of this emission can provide the opportunity to switch between radiative cooling (RC) and thermal camouflage functionalities. This performance could be achieved by using phase-change materials (PCMs). This paper presents a sub-wavelength dynamic metasurface design with the adaptive property. The proposed metasurface is made of vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanogratings on a silver (Ag) substrate. The design geometries are optimized in a way that both narrowband and broadband mid-infrared (MIR) emitters can be realized. At low temperatures, insulating VO2 nanogratings trigger the excitation of Fabry–Perot mode inside the grating and surface plasmon polaritons at the metal–dielectric interface with an emission peak located in the MIR region to maximize the RC performance of the design. As temperature rises, the PCM transforms into a metallic phase material and supports excitation of Wood’s anomaly and localized surface plasmon resonance modes. Accordingly, the thermal signature is adaptively suppressed.
Bearing fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale domain adaptative network across operating conditions
Authors: Wang Gongxian , Fu Ze , Hu Zhihui , Zhang Miao , Lu Guanghao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The intelligent rolling bearings fault diagnosis methods adopting a single vibration signal as the model input present low diagnostic precision, poor noise robustness, and difficulty in applying to variable operating conditions, so a multi-scale domain adaptation network (MSDAN) was put forward for variable load fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. This method combined multi-scale feature extraction with a lightweight convolutional neural network to extract complementary fault features from coarse-grained vibration signals at multiple time scales. Then, correlation alignment (CORAL) distance and domain identification adversarial learning were applied to extract domain invariant features to establish an end-to-end unsupervised fault diagnosis system for rolling bearings. The MSDAN model was evaluated using variable load-bearing datasets of two experimental setups and compared with other methods. The results show that MSDAN has better diagnostic accuracy and cross-domain adaptability than other domain adaptation fault diagnosis methods. In addition, our multi-scale method has more robust stability and generalization ability than any single-channel feature extraction method.
Research on improving the north-seeking precision of MEMS gyroscope
Authors: Guo Dongning , Ren Chunhua , Zhang Lu , Lu Feiping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the north-seeking precision of the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope, it is necessary to measure the earth’s rotation angular velocity accurately. The output precision of the MEMS gyroscope is affected by zero bias, installation error, scale factor error, etc. Aiming at the problem of the low output precision of the MEMS gyroscope, this paper mainly studies the test method of the MEMS gyroscope scale factor. In this study, the north-seeking principle of the MEMS gyroscope is analyzed, and the equivalent relationship between scale factor error and angular rate error is investigated. A Multi-Position ground velocity method is proposed for testing the scale factor of the MEMS gyroscope. In this method, the Earth’s rotation angular velocity component is used as the input of the MEMS gyroscope, and the scale factor is calculated by dual exponential fitting. The feasibility of the test method is verified by experiments on the rate turntable. The experimental results show that when the input angular velocity is between −0.0036° s−1 and 0.0036° s−1, compared with the traditional angular rate test method, the nonlinearity of the MEMS gyroscope scale factor tested by the proposed method is reduced from 227.45 ppm to 68.19 ppm, the asymmetry is reduced from 253.61 ppm to 73.65 ppm, and the north-seeking accuracy is improved 4.17 times, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Low-power multilevel resistive switching in β-Ga2O3 based RRAM devices
Authors: Velpula Ravi Teja , Jain Barsha , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, multilevel switching at low-power in Ti/TiN/Ga2O3/Ti/Pt resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices has been systematically studied. The fabricated RRAM device exhibits an excellent non-overlapping window between set and reset voltages of ∼1.1 V with a maximum R
off/R
on ratio of ∼103. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the multi-bit storage capability of these RRAM devices with a reasonably high R
off/R
on ratio is experimentally demonstrated, for the first time, for lower compliance currents at 10 μA, 20 μA and 50 μA. The multi-bit resistive switching behavior of the Ga2O3 RRAM device at a low compliance current paves the way for low-power and high-density data storage applications.
Experimental investigation of the educational uses of thermal cameras
Authors: Hong Sung Ju , Im Byeonghoon , Park Jeongwoo , Kim Heekyong , Yoon Hye-Gyoung 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the use of a thermal camera as an educational tool for physical phenomena. In particular, we check three factors: surface temperature, emissivity, and external thermal source for more physically accurate use. First, the surface temperature measured using the thermal camera is confirmed by direct comparison with the temperature obtained using a reference thermometer. Second, we demonstrate that using an appropriate emissivity of the target object is significant for accurately measuring the temperature. Finally, the exclusion of an external thermal source is essential for using a thermal camera as an accurate tool in thermal physics. We expect that this study will demonstrate the suitability of thermal cameras as convenient thermometers and the factors required to deliberately consider them in physics classes.
Electron momentum-transfer collision frequency measurements in small plasma objects via coherent microwave scattering
Authors: Patel Adam R , Wang Xingxing , Braun Erik L , Ranjan Apoorv , Slipchenko Mikhail N , Macheret Sergey , Shneider Mikhail N , Shashurin Alexey 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the possibility of using coherent microwave scattering (CMS) for temporally resolved measurements of the electron momentum-transfer collision frequency in small plasma objects. Specifically, the electron collision frequency is inferred via phase information from microwave scattering off microplasmas operating in the mixed collisional-Thomson scattering regime. We further suggest the combination of phase and amplitude measurements to derive total electron counts and temperatures in small plasmas. An experimental validation of this concept is performed by 10.5 GHz CMS off laser-induced, variable-pressure oxygen and air plasmas.
Signal formation and sharing in AC-LGADs using the ALTIROC 0 front-end chip
Authors: D'Amen G. , Chen W. , de la Taille C. , Giacomini G. , Marchand D. , Morenas M. , Munoz Camacho C. , Rossi E. , Seguin-Moreau N. , Serin L. , Tricoli A. , Wang P.-K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The development of detectors that provide high resolution in four dimensions has attracted wide-spread interest in the scientific community for applications in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, medical imaging, mass spectroscopy as well as quantum information. However, finding a technology capable of fulfilling such aspiration proved to be an arduous task.
Among other silicon-based candidates, the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) has already shown excellent timing performances but proved to be unsuitable for fine pixelization. Therefore, the AC-coupled LGAD (AC-LGAD) approach was introduced to provide high resolution in both time and space, making it a promising candidate for future 4D detectors.
However, appropriate readout electronics must be developed to match the sensor's fast-time and fine-pitch capabilities. This is currently a major technological challenge.
In this paper, we test AC-LGAD prototypes read out by the fast-time ASIC ALTIROC 0, originally developed for the readout of DC-coupled LGADs for the ATLAS experiment at the High Luminosity-LHC. Signal generated by either betas from a 90Sr source or a focused infra-red laser were analyzed. This paper details the first successful readout of an AC-LGAD sensor using a readout chip. This result will pave the way for the design and construction of a new generation of AC-LGAD-based 4D detectors.
Statistical fluctuations under resetting: rigorous results
Authors: Zamparo Marco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the normal and the large fluctuations of additive functionals associated with a stochastic process under a general non-Poissonian resetting mechanism. Cumulative functionals of regenerative processes are very close to renewal-reward processes and inherit most of the properties of the latter. Here we review and use the classical law of large numbers and central limit theorem for renewal-reward processes to obtain same theorems for additive functionals of a stochastic process under resetting. Then, we establish large deviation principles for these functionals by illustrating and applying a large deviation theory for renewal-reward processes that has been recently developed by the author. We discuss applications of the general results to the positive occupation time, the area, and the absolute area of the reset Brownian motion. While introducing advanced tools from renewal theory, we demonstrate that a rich phenomenology accounting for dynamical phase transitions emerges when one goes beyond Poissonian resetting.
Rational design and low-cost fabrication of multifunctional separators enabling high sulfur utilization in long-life lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Yuan Wei , Huang Honglin , Xu Ming , Chen Yu , Zhao Bote , Ding Xinrui , Zhang Shiwei , Tang Yong , Lu Longsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery with an ultrahigh theoretical energy density has emerged as a promising rechargeable battery system. However, the practical applications of Li-S batteries are severely plagued by the sluggish reaction kinetics of sulfur species and notorious shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) intermediates that result in low sulfur utilization. The introduction of functional layers on separators has been considered as an effective strategy to improve the sulfur utilization in Li-S batteries by achieving effective regulation of LiPSs. Herein, a promising self-assembly strategy is proposed to achieve the low-cost fabrication of hollow and hierarchically porous Fe3O4 nanospheres (p-Fe3O4-NSs) assembled by numerous extremely-small primary nanocrystals as building blocks. The rationally-designed p-Fe3O4-NSs are utilized as a multifunctional layer on the separator with highly efficient trapping and conversion features toward LiPSs. Results demonstrate that the nanostructured p-Fe3O4-NSs provide chemical adsorption toward LiPSs and kinetically promote the mutual transformation between LiPSs and Li2S2/Li2S during cycling, thus inhibiting the LiPSs shuttling and boosting the redox reaction kinetics via a chemisorption-catalytic conversion mechanism. The enhanced wettability of the p-Fe3O4-NSs-based separator with the electrolyte enables fast transportation of lithium ions. Benefitting from these alluring properties, the functionalized separator with p-Fe3O4-NSs endows the battery with an admirable rate performance of 877 mAh g−1 at 2 C, an ultra-durable cycling performance of up to 2176 cycles at 1 C, and a promising areal capacity of 4.55 mAh cm−2 under high-sulfur-loading and lean-electrolyte conditions (4.29 mg cm−2, electrolyte/ratio: 8 µl mg−1). This study will offer fresh insights on the rational design and low-cost fabrication of multifunctional separator to strengthen electrochemical reaction kinetics by regulating LiPSs conversion for developing efficient and long-life Li-S batteries.
Manufacturing N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan-reduced graphene oxide under freeze-dying for performance improvement of Li-S battery
Authors: Jiang Zhibin , Jin Lujie , Jian Xiying , Huang Jinxia , Wang Hongshuai , Wu Binhong , Wang Kang , Chen Ling , Li Youyong , Liu Xiang , Li Weishan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries can provide far higher energy density than currently commercialized lithium ion batteries, but challenges remain before it they are used in practice. One of the challenges is the shuttle effect that originates from soluble intermediates, like lithium polysulfides. To address this issue, we report a novel laminar composite, N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan-reduced graphene oxide (CC-rGO), which is manufactured via the self-assembly of CC onto GO and subsequent reduction of GO under an extreme condition of 1 Pa and −50 °C. The synthesized laminar CC-rGO composite is mixed with acetylene black (AB) and coated on a commercial polypropylene (PP) membrane, resulting in a separator (CC-rGO/AB/PP) that can not only completely suppress the polysulfides penetration, but also can accelerate the lithium ion transportation, providing a Li-S battery with excellent cyclic stability and rate capability. As confirmed by theoretic simulations, this unique feature of CC-rGO is attributed to its strong repulsive interaction to polysulfide anions and its benefit for fast lithium ion transportation through the paths paved by the heteroatoms in CC.
Chemical modification of graphene for atomic-scale catalyst supports
Authors: Kunisada Yuji , Sakaguchi Norihito 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One promising way to reduce the use of noble metal catalysts is to use extremely fine particle catalysts, such as subnanoclusters and single-atom catalysts. For practical use, suppression of diffusion and agglomeration of catalysts are needed. Heteroatom-doped graphene, which has high specific surface area, high chemical and mechanical stabilities, high electrical and thermal conductivities, and contains anchoring sites for catalysts, is promising catalyst support. Heteroatom-doped graphene can widely control the support effects. This review summarizes recent dopant structure characterization using spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The distribution of highly-dispersed metal catalysts and their diffusion properties are discussed. In addition, The effects of environmental conditions on catalyst dynamic behaviors are introduced. Finally, the outlook of heteroatom-doped graphene and new two-dimensional material supports is discussed.