bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity and catastrophic health expenditure: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Haofei , Chang Enxue , Zheng Wanji , Liu Bo , Xu Juan , Gu Wen , Zhou Lan , Li Jinmei , Liu Chaojie , Yu Hongjuan , Huang Weidong 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPopulation aging accompanied by multimorbidity imposes a great burden on households and the healthcare system. This study aimed to determine the incidence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in the households of old people with multimorbidity in China.MethodsData were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2018, with 3,511 old people (≥60 years) with multimorbidity responding to the survey on behalf of their households. CHE was identified using two thresholds: ≥10% of out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending in total household expenditure (THE) and ≥40% of OOP health spending in household capacity to pay (CTP) measured by non-food household expenditure. Logistic regression models were established to identify the individual and household characteristics associated with CHE incidence.ResultsThe median values of THE, OOP health spending, and CTP reached 19,900, 1,500, and 10,520 Yuan, respectively. The CHE incidence reached 31.5% using the ≥40% CTP threshold and 45.6% using the ≥10% THE threshold. It increased by the number of chronic conditions reported by the respondents (aOR = 1.293–1.855, p &lt; 0.05) and decreased with increasing household economic status (aOR = 1.622–4.595 relative the highest quartile, p &lt; 0.001). Hospital admissions over the past year (aOR = 6.707, 95% CI: 5.186 to 8.674) and outpatient visits over the past month (aOR = 4.891, 95% CI: 3.822 to 6.259) of the respondents were the strongest predictors of CHE incidence. The respondents who were male (aOR = 1.266, 95% CI: 1.054 to 1.521), married (OR = 1.502, 95% CI: 1.211 to 1.862), older than 70 years (aOR = 1.288–1.458 relative to 60–69 years, p &lt; 0.05), completed primary (aOR = 1.328 relative to illiterate, 95% CI: 1.079 to 1.635) or secondary school education (aOR = 1.305 relative to illiterate, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.701), lived in a small (≤2 members) household (aOR = 2.207, 95% CI: 1.825 to 2.669), and resided in the northeast region (aOR = 1.935 relative to eastern, 95% CI: 1.396 to 2.682) were more likely to incur CHE.ConclusionMultimorbidity is a significant risk of CHE. Household CHE incidence increases with the number of reported chronic conditions. Socioeconomic and regional disparities in CHE incidence persist in China.
Research trends and hotspots in the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia: A bibliometric analysis based on the web of science database from 2006 to 2021
Authors: Mu Jingfeng , Zhong Haoxi , Zeng Dan , Fan Jingjie , Jiang Mingjie , Liu Meizhou , Shuai Xinyi , Chen Yanjie , Zhang Shaochong 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the current status, hotspots, and emerging research trends regarding the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia.MethodsPublications on the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia from 2006 to 2021 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace (version 6.1.R2) was used to performed a bibliometric analysis, and R software (version 4.1.0) was used to visualize the trends and hot map of publications.ResultsA total of 640 publications were collected and analyzed in the present study. China was the major contributor (n = 204), followed by the United States of America (n = 181) and Australia (n = 137). The United States of America had the most extensive foreign cooperation (centrality = 0.25), followed by Australia (centrality = 0.20). The National University of Singapore contributed the largest number of publications (n = 48), followed by Sun Yat-Sen University (n = 41) and the Australian National University (n = 41). Among institutions, Cardiff University in the United Kingdom had the most extensive foreign cooperation (centrality = 0.12), followed by the National University of Singapore (centrality = 0.11). Saw S from Singapore had the largest number of publications (n = 39), followed by Morgan I from Australia (n = 27) and Jonas J from Germany (n = 23). Investigative ophthalmology &amp; visual science is the most important journal to study the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia. “Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050” published by Holden BA was the most cited paper in this field with 177 citations. Co-occurrence and burst analyses of keywords showed that research trends and hotspots in this field focused mainly on “risk,” “prevention” and “school”.ConclusionsThe influence of outdoor activities on myopia remains a concern. In the future, deeper cooperation between countries or institutions is required to explore the effects of outdoor activities on myopia. Outdoor activities for the prevention of myopia and reduction of the risk of myopia among school students may be the focus of future research.
The diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography for biliary atresia: A meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Bingtian , Weng Zongjie , Lyu Guorong , Yang Xiaocen , Wang Huaming 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundBiliary atresia (BA) is a severe inflammatory obliterative cholangiopathy of infancy that requires early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention. In this study, we aimed to obtain comprehensive evidence on the diagnostic performance of liver stiffness measurement by ultrasound elastography in the detection of BA through a meta-analysis.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies that investigated the diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography in the detection of BA up to January 10, 2022. In this study, in order to summarize the diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography, the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) modeling was constructed. Heterogeneity was estimated with the I2 statistic. Multiple subgroup analyses were also performed.ResultsFourteen studies from eleven articles, including 774 BA patients, 850 non-BA patients, and 173 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. The summary sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound elastography for liver stiffness were 85% [95% confidence interval (CI): 79–89%] and 82% (95% CI: 73–88%) with the I2 value of 82.90 and 84.33%, respectively. The area under the SROC curve (AUROC) using ultrasound elastography for diagnosing BA was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.92). In addition, a subgroup analysis of 9 two-dimensional shear wave elastography studies was also performed. Subgroup analysis revealed that the summary sensitivity and specificity were 85% (95% CI: 77–91%) and 79% (95% CI: 71–86%), respectively, and the summary AUROC was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.92).ConclusionsUltrasound elastography exhibits good diagnostic accuracy for BA and can be served as a non-invasive tool to facilitate the differential diagnosis of BA.
The influence of family support during endoscopic submucosal dissection on patient's anxiety
Authors: Gao Ruo-Yu , Gan Ri-Yun , Huang Jia-Lan , Liu Ting-Ting , Wu Ben-Hua , Wang Li-Sheng , Li De-Feng , Yao Jun 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPsychological problems may promote peptic ulcers. Ulcer-like wounds can be formed after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The influence of family support on the healing of gastric ESD-induced ulcers remains largely undetermined.ObjectiveIn the present study, we aimed to assess the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores and the incidence of post-ESD complications in patients with family support in the care process and those in the non-relative group.Materials and methodsA total of 191 patients aged between 30 and 70 years who received gastric ESD were evaluated with the Chinese version of HADS. Differences in depression and anxiety between the two groups were compared using the chi-square test and t-test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine whether anxiety and depression were the risk factors for post-ESD complications.ResultsThe mean values of HADS-A (4.61 ± 2.89 vs. 5.56 ± 3.07, p = 0.042) and HADS-D (4.14 ± 3.03 vs. 4.97 ± 2.61, p = 0.048) scores were significantly lower in patients with accompanying relatives compared with those in the non-relative group. Besides, through the pre-ESD and post-ESD self-contrast, the scores of anxiety and depression in the relative-group were 0.57 and 0.56, respectively (p &lt; 0.001), while those in the non-relative group were increased by 1.43 and 1.49, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that HADS-A, HADS-D scores, and age were significantly correlated with post-ESD abdominal pain (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe occurrence and degree of adverse emotions such as psychological anxiety and depression in patients who received gastric ESD with accompanying relatives during hospitalization may were reduced, and the incidence of gastric post-ESD abdominal pain may was also decreased.
The prognostic role of lymph node ratio in breast cancer patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jinzhao , Li Yifei , Zhang Weifang , Yang Chenhui , Yang Chao , Chen Liang , Ding Mingjian , Zhang Liang , Liu Xiaojun , Cui Guozhong , Liu Yunjiang 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAs neoadjuvant chemotherapy is widely used in breast cancer patients, the lymph node ratio has not been fully validated as a prognostic indicator of breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study was conducted to investigate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio in breast cancer patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsSystematic searches were performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases until 15 December 2021 for studies on the association between lymph node ratio and the prognosis of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Overall survival and disease-free survival were used as outcome events, and hazard ratio was chosen as the parameter to evaluate the correlation. The dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic splines. In the subgroup analyses, which were used to explore potential heterogeneity among the included studies according to study region and sample size. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the stability of individual studies, and publication bias was determined with funnel plots, Begg’s test, and Egger&amp;apos;s test. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 15.1.ResultsA total of 12 studies with 4,864 patients were included in this meta-analysis. In this study, high lymph node ratio was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (HR: 4.74; 95%CI: 3.36–6.67; P &lt; 0.001) and disease-free survival (HR: 4.77; 95%CI: 3.69–6.17; P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the dose-response meta-analysis showed a linear association between higher lymph node ratio and shorter overall survival and disease-free survival in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionsThe meta-analysis suggested that high lymph node ratio was significantly associated with short overall survival and disease-free survival in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, lymph node ratio is an independent predictive factor for the prognosis of breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which may better refine the cancer staging system.
Measurement of Green Total Factor Productivity and Its Spatial Convergence Test on the Pig-Breeding Industry in China
Authors: Geng Ning , Liu Zengjin , Wang Xuejiao , Meng Lin , Pan Jiayan 
Published: October 2022

The pig-breeding industry is one of the pillar industries of China’s agriculture. Improving the green total factor productivity of pig breeding is the basis for ensuring the stable supply of pork, and is also the key to the green transformation of the pig industry. The existing studies about the green total factor productivity of pig breeding lack an analysis of regional coordination and the spillover of spatial technology efficiency at the macro level, and most studies focus on the impact of agricultural production’s environment pollution and other undesirable outputs. Based on the input–output index system of the pig-breeding industry’s green production, the DDF directional distance function model and the Malmquist–Luenberger (ML) productivity index were combined to measure the green total factor productivity of the pig-breeding industry. Moran’s I-Theil index model was used to measure and reveal the technical efficiency differences among the dominant regions of the pig-breeding industry in China and the σ-convergence test was adopted to reveal the convergence trend of green total factor productivity. The results showed that: (1) The growth level of green total factor productivity of pig breeding in China was generally low from 2006 to 2018, and there were obvious regional and scale differences. (2) The green total factor productivity of pig breeding in each province had spatial autocorrelation; that is, there was technology spillover. From 2006 to 2018, with the advance of time, a pattern of gradual evolution from low-level equilibrium to high-level imbalance was formed. (3) Through the convergence test, the convergence trend of large and medium-scale development between different regions fluctuated, while the convergence trend of small-scale development between different regions was not obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to increase investment in technological innovation, promote the large-scale and standardized development of the pig-breeding industry, and strengthen the promotion of technology in producing areas with advantages in pig breeding.
Generalized Cyclic p-Contractions and p-Contraction Pairs Some Properties of Asymptotic Regularity Best Proximity Points, Fixed Points
Authors: De la Sen Manuel , Ibeas Asier 
Published: October 2022

This paper studies a general p-contractive condition of a self-mapping T on X, where X ,d is either a metric space or a dislocated metric space, which combines the contribution to the upper-bound of dTx , Ty, where x and y are arbitrary elements in X of a weighted combination of the distances dx,y , dx,Tx,dy,Ty,dx,Ty,dy,Tx, dx,Tx−dy,Ty and dx,Ty−dy,Tx. The asymptotic regularity of the self-mapping T on X and the convergence of Cauchy sequences to a unique fixed point are also discussed if X,d is complete. Subsequently, T, S generalized cyclic p-contraction pairs are discussed on a pair of non-empty, in general, disjoint subsets of X. The proposed contraction involves a combination of several distances associated with the T, S-pair. Some properties demonstrated are: (a) the asymptotic convergence of the relevant sequences to best proximity points of both sets is proved; (b) the best proximity points are unique if the involved subsets are closed and convex, the metric is norm induced, or the metric space is a uniformly convex Banach space. It can be pointed out that both metric and a metric-like (or dislocated metric) possess the symmetry property since their respective distance values for any given pair of elements of the corresponding space are identical after exchanging the roles of both elements.
Parental Knowledge about Caries Prevention in Children Aged 2-6 years Old in Batam
Authors: Randhika Tsamara N. , Supriatna Andi , Suntana Mutiara S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract: The incidence of caries in children is still very high in Indonesia. Parental knowledge can be assessed, among others, from the level of parental knowledge regarding caries prevention in children. The higher the level of parental knowledge, the better the parenting pattern, especially in educating children to maintain their healthy teeth and mouths. This study aimed to describe the parental level of knowledge regarding caries prevention in children aged 2-6 years in Batam, Indonesia based on education and occupation levels. This was a descriptive and observational study with a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires using google-form to eight kindergartens and social media. The results obtained 145 parents as respondents; 43 respondents had poor knowledge, 88 had moderate knowledge, and 14 had good knowledge. From the respondents with moderate knowledge, 80.7% had college education and 36.4% worked as private employees. In conclusion, the majority of parents with moderate level of knowledge about caries prevention in children aged 2-6 years in Batam were college educated and worked as private employees.Keywords: caries; level of knowledge; occupation; parental knowledge Abstrak: Angka kejadian karies pada anak masih sangat tinggi di Indonesia. Tingkat pengetahuan orang tua dapat dinilai antara lain dari tinggi rendahnya pengetahuan orang tua mengenai pencegahan karies pada anak. Semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan orang tua akan semakin baik pula pola asuh orang tua terutama dalam mendidik anak untuk menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan orang tua mengenai pencegahan karies pada anak usia 2-6 tahun di Kota Batam, Indonesia, berdasarkan tingkat pendi-dikan dan pekerjaan. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang yang bersifat data tetap, Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuisioner menggunakan google-form ke delapan Taman Kanak-kanak (TK) dan media sosial. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan jumlah responden sebanyak 145 orang tua. Tingkat pengetahuan kurang pada 43 responden; cukup, pada 88 responden; dan baik, pada 14 responden. Pada tingkat pengetahuan cukup, 80,7% responden berpendidikan perguruan tinggi dan 36,4% responden sebagai pegawai swasta. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mayoritas orang tua dengan tingkat pengetahuan cukup mengenai pencegahan karies anak usia 2-6 tahun di Kota Batam mempunyai pendidikan perguruan tinggi dan bekerja sebagai pegawai swasta.Kata kunci: karies; orang tua; pekerjaan; tingkat pengetahuan orang tua
Stabilitas Fisik Transethosome Kurkumin yang Menggunakan Kombinasi Surfaktan Tween 60 dan Span 60
Authors: Srifiana Yudi , Amalia Anisa , Yusnia Yusnia 
Published: October 2022

Kurkumin memiliki kelarutan yang rendah di dalam air serta memiliki stabilitas yang rendah sehingga
diperlukan suatu sistem penghantaran obat yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, salah satunya adalah transethosome. Transethosome tersusun dari beberapa komponen salah satunya surfaktan. Surfaktan merupakan komponen yang dapat membantu meningkatkan stabilitas sistem transethosome sehingga pada penelitian ini dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh penggunaan kombinasi surfaktan (tween 60 dan span 60) terhadap stabilitas fi sik transethosome kurkumin. Pada penelitian ini digunakan kombinasi tween 60 dan span 60 dengan perbandingan 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 pada konsentrasi 5%. Transethosome yang terbentuk kemudian dikarakterisasi meliputi organoleptis, viskositas, ukuran partikel dan distribusi ukuran partikel, potensial zeta, efi siensi penjerapan dan pH. Pengamatan karakteristik transethosome dilakukan selama 8 minggu untuk melihat stabilitas fiisik dari transethosome. Hasil pada minggu ke 0 menunjukkan bahwa transethosome yang terbentuk suspensi dengan warna orange dan berbau khas fosfatidilkolin, dengan viskositas tertinggi pada formula 3, memiliki ukuran partikel 1-1000 nm, polidispersitas 0-0,571, memiliki nilai potensial zeta negatif, memiliki efi siensi penjerapan diatas 80% dan pH 8,5-10,0. Hasil uji stabilitas fisik menunjukkan penggunaan kombinasi tween 60 dan span 60 dengan perbandingan 3:1 (F3) dapat meningkatkan stabilitas fi sik transethosome kurkumin
High-resolution Linear Spectropolarimetry of Red Supergiant VY CMa: Identification of Atomic and Molecular Features
Authors: Dinh-V-Trung  , Bao N. T. T. , Tien P. M. , Hai B. V. , Minh P. H. , Khiem L. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a high-resolution optical spectropolarimetric observation of the red supergiant VY CMa. The optical spectrum of VY CMa contains numerous emission features that are mainly due to molecular bands of TiO, ScO, and VO. In addition, emission lines of Ba ii, Ca i, Na i, K i, and Rb i are identified in the spectrum. Our observation shows that all the molecular bands exhibit a very large and abrupt linear polarization reduction, i.e., depolarization, across the band heads of up to 10% or higher with respect to the continuum polarization level. The high-resolution observations demonstrate clearly that the molecular band heads are associated with the largest depolarization. Using this property together with a simulated emission spectrum of TiO we are able to identify most of the broad emission features in the optical spectrum of VY CMa as the TiO band heads in emission. Our observations also reveal a previously unknown phenomenon that the atomic lines either in emission or absoprtion also exhibit large depolarization across the line profile, with the K i doublet showing almost complete depolarization. The observed polarization pattern is very similar among either absoprtion or emission lines, even though the spectral lines belong to different atomic species. Together with recent high spectral resolution observations, we discuss the origin of this phenomenon and suggest that the observed large depolarization across molecular bands and atomic lines is due to absorption and scattering in the complex circumstellar environment of VY CMa, especially in the dense dusty clumps located almost on the plane of the sky.
Asteroseismology of a Double-mode High-amplitude δ Scuti Star TIC 448892817
Authors: Lv Chenglong , Esamdin Ali , Pascual-Granado J. , Hernández A. García , Hasanzadeh A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We propose that TIC 448892817 is a double-mode high-amplitude δ Scuti star. The radial modes detected in this star provide a unique opportunity to exploit asteroseismic techniques up to their limits. 30 significant frequencies are detected by frequency analysis, while two of them are independent frequencies, i.e., F0 = 13.43538(2) day−1 and F1 = 17.27007(4) day−1. The ratio of f
1/f
2 is measured to be 0.777957(2), suggesting that this target is a double-mode δ Scuti star. Nearly all the light variation is due to these two modes and their combination frequencies, but several other frequencies of very low amplitude are also present. The stellar evolutionary models were constructed with different mass M and metallicity Z using Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA). The frequency ratio f
1/f
2 obtained by the model is smaller than those obtained by observation. This might be caused by the rotation of the star pointing that rotational effects are more important than previously thought in HADS stars. This is something that deserves to be investigated in future works with models including rotational effects for moderate to intermediate rotators such as FILOU. On the other hand, the parameters obtained from MESA agree well with previous results as well as by observational spectra. The best-fitting model shows that TIC 448892817 is close to entering the first turnoff of the main sequence. In order to accurately determine the effective temperature and metallicities, thus further narrowing the parameter space of this star, we suggest high-resolution spectra is highly desired in the future.