bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution-based fullerene-free route enables high-performance green-selective organic photodetectors
Authors: Cao Yang , Mei Jianjun , Xia Kai , Zhao Ting , Zhao Jing , Gasparini Nicola , Pecunia Vincenzo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ongoing developments in machine vision, wearables, and the Internet of Things have led to strong demand for easy-to-fabricate, color-selective photodetectors. Narrowband-absorption-type (NBA) printable organic photodetectors provide an attractive solution, given their spectral robustness and fabrication simplicity. However, a key remaining challenge to realizing their potential is to concurrently achieve high photoconversion efficiency and spectral selectivity. Herein, this challenge is tackled by investigating a non-fullerene-based route to green-selective, solution-based photodetectors. Soluble phthalocyanine acceptor PhO-Cl6BsubPc is considered due to its high absorption selectivity to green photons. Blends with soluble quinacridones are pursued to realize the ideal of a donor:acceptor layer selectively absorbing the target photons throughout its volume. A latent-pigment route to the solution-based deposition of linear trans-quinacridone (QA) enables well-intermixed QA:PhO-Cl6BsubPc layers. Green-selective photodetectors with cutting-edge performance are thus realized, achieving a 25% increase in external quantum efficiency compared to all prior solution-based NBA implementations, as well as a nearly five-fold enhancement of the green-to-blue spectral rejection ratio. The merit of this approach is further illustrated by comparison with the corresponding fullerene-based photodetectors. By demonstrating an approach to solution-based NBA photodetectors with cutting-edge photoconversion efficiency and spectral selectivity, this study represents an important step toward printable, high-performance organic color sensors and imagers.
Arginine replacement of histidine on temporin-GHa enhances the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zhu Ruiying , Guo Ran , Yu Chunmei , Tan Xiuchuan , Wei Shuangshuang , Song Yanting , Wang Rong , Li Lushuang , Xie Xi , Jiang Wenying , Zhang Yingxia 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show broad-spectrum microbicidal activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and have been considered as one of the most promising candidates to overcome bacterial antimicrobial resistance. Structural modification of AMPs is an effective strategy to develop high-efficiency and low-toxicity antibacterial agents. A series of peptides GHaR6R, GHaR7R, GHaR8R, and GHaR9W with arginine replacement of histidine (His) derived from temporin-GHa of Hylarana guentheri were designed and synthesized. These derived peptides exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and GHaR8R exerts bactericidal effect within 15 min at 4 × MIC (25 µm). The derived peptides caused rapid depolarization of bacteria, and the cell membrane damage was monitored using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation assay, which suggests that they target cell membranes to exert antibacterial effects. The derived peptides can effectively eradicate mature biofilms of S. aureus. Taken together, the derived peptides are promising antibacterial agent candidates against S. aureus.
High Cytomegalovirus Viral Load Is Associated With 182-Day All-Cause Mortality in Hospitalized People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Fang Mingxia , Lin Xiaoling , Wang Congyue , Yang Xihong , Li Jiahui , Chang Ziwei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wei Hongxia , Peng Zhihang , Hu Zhiliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with increased mortality in persons with HIV (PWH). It is less clear whether CMV infection is still associated with mortality when routinely screened and adequately treated.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study recruited 1003 hospitalized adults with HIV with CD4 cell counts &lt;200 cells/μL from May 2017 to June 2021. Blood CMV DNA was routinely measured and CMV DNAemia was treated if end-organ disease occurred. CMV viral load was categorized into below the limit of quantification (BLQ; &lt;500 IU/mL), low viral load (LVL; 500–10 000 IU/mL), and high viral load (HVL; ≥10 000 IU/mL) groups. We compared the 182-day all-cause mortality among different groups.ResultsThe median (IQR) CD4 cell count of patients was 33 (13–84) cells/μL. The prevalence of CMV DNAemia was 39.8% (95% CI: 36.7–42.9%) and was significantly associated with CD4 cell count. The 182-day all-cause mortality was 9.9% (95% CI: 8.0–11.7%). Univariable analysis showed that, compared with BLQ, LVL and HVL were associated with 1.73-fold and 3.81-fold increased risks of mortality, respectively (P = .032 and P &lt; .001). After adjustment for predefined confounding factors, HVL but not LVL was still associated with increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.61–4.29; P &lt; .001). However, for patients on effective antiretroviral therapy, the impact of HVL on 182-day mortality was not significant (P = .713).ConclusionsHigh CMV viral load in hospitalized PWH was associated with higher mortality, even when identified early by screening. Optimalization of the management for those patients needs to be explored in future studies.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I and T Kinetics Differ following Coronary Bypass Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Denessen Ellen J , Heuts Samuel , Daemen Jean H , van Doorn William P , Vroemen Wim H , Sels Jan-Willem , Segers Patrique , Van‘t Hof Arnoud W , Maessen Jos G , Bekers Otto , Van Der Horst Iwan C , Mingels Alma M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Cardiac troponin I and T are both used for diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), also known as type 5 MI (MI-5). Different MI-5 definitions have been formulated, using multiples of the 99th percentile upper reference limit (10×, 35×, or 70× URL), with or without supporting evidence. These definitions are arbitrarily chosen based on conventional assays and do not differentiate between troponin I and T. We therefore investigated the kinetics of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and T (hs-cTnT) following CABG.

Methods
A systematic search was applied to MEDLINE and EMBASE databases including the search terms “coronary artery bypass grafting” AND “high-sensitivity cardiac troponin.” Studies reporting hs-cTnI or hs-cTnT on at least 2 different time points were included. Troponin concentrations were extracted and normalized to the assay-specific URL.

Results
For hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT, 17 (n = 1661 patients) and 15 studies (n = 2646 patients) were included, respectively. Preoperative hs-cTnI was 6.1× URL (95% confidence intervals: 4.9–7.2) and hs-cTnT 1.2× URL (0.9–1.4). Mean peak was reached 6–8 h postoperatively (126× URL, 99–153 and 45× URL, 29–61, respectively). Subanalysis of hs-cTnI illustrated assay-specific peak heights and kinetics, while subanalysis of surgical strategies revealed 3-fold higher hs-cTnI than hs-cTnT for on-pump CABG and 5-fold for off-pump CABG.

Conclusion
Postoperative hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT following CABG surpass most current diagnostic cutoff values. hs-cTnI was almost 3-fold higher than hs-cTnT, and appeared to be highly dependent on the assay used and surgical strategy. There is a need for assay-specific hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT cutoff values for accurate, timely identification of MI-5.
Chinese RoBERTa Distillation For Emotion Classification
Authors: Liu Pingshan , Lv Shuyue 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Through knowledge distillation method, a student model can imitate the output of a teacher model to improve its generalization ability without changing the computational complexity. However, in existing knowledge distillation research, the efficiency of knowledge transfer is still not satisfactory, especially from pre-trained language models (PTMs) like Robustly optimized BERT approach (RoBERTa) to another structure student model. To address this issue, this paper proposes a prediction framework (RTLSTM) for Chinese emotion classification based on knowledge distillation. In RTLSTM, a new triple loss strategy is proposed for training a student ‘BiLSTM’, which combines supervised learning, distillation and word vector losses. This strategy enables the student to learn more fully from a teacher model RoBERTa and retains 99% of the teacher models’ language understanding capability. We carried out emotion classification experiments on five Chinese datasets to compare RTLSTM with baseline models. The experiment results show that RTLSTM outperforms the baseline models belonging to the RNN group in terms of prediction performance under similar numbers of parameters. Moreover, RTLSTM is superior to the PTMs group baseline models through 92% fewer parameters and 83% less prediction time under comparable prediction performance.
The political economy of social identity in 19th century Germany
Authors: Kersting Felix 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This essay summarises my PhD thesis composed of four chapters, which deal with various aspects of social identity in 19th century Germany. The first chapter analyzes the effect of nation-building in cities that became part of Prussia in 1815. The second chapter investigates the effect of Bismarck’s carrot and stick policies on the electoral success of the socialist party. The third chapter studies the “China shock” of the first globalisation (1880–1913)—the “grain invasion”—coming from the Americas into Europe. The fourth chapter revisits Max Weber’s hypothesis on the role of Protestantism in economic development in its contemporary context.
The future of personalized care for vascular patients: an industry perspective
Authors: West Nick E J , Boone Els 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHealthcare has entered a brave new world in the early part of the 21st century: the landscape has changed and continues to change rapidly, evolving at a rate as never seen before. Fuelled by technological advancement, big data analytics, and the explosion of apps and sensors, as well as by telemedicine and remote monitoring needs driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, the healthcare ecosystem is metamorphosing literally before our eyes. So, what is the role for the Medtech industry as healthcare systems reshape themselves to address emerging patients’ needs and desires, and how can the use of data and novel technologies be leveraged to bring about the kind of change needed to deliver truly holistic patient care?
Functional diversity and plasticity in the sugar preferences of Saccharomyces MALT transporters in domesticated yeasts
Authors: Hatanaka Haruyo , Toyonaga Hiromi , Ishida Yukiko , Mizohata Eiichi , Ono Eiichiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Maltose and maltotriose, together with glucose, are the major carbohydrates found in malts. Thus, brewing yeasts grown in malt-based brewing processes with serial re-pitching have likely increased their ability to uptake these sugars during domestication by modulating the expression and copy number of maltose transporter genes (MALT, also known as Malx1). However, the molecular basis for and structural insights into the sugar preferences of MALT proteins remain to be elucidated. Here we report the functional evaluation of two novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae MALT proteins, ScMalt#2p and ScMalt#5p, from industrial brewing yeasts, focusing on their maltose and maltotriose preferences. Structural models of the MALT proteins generated by AlphaFold2 and functional analyses of substitution mutants revealed that a very small number of amino acid residues in two spatially adjacent transmembrane helixes, TMH7 and TMH11, appear to be crucial for sugar preference. Thus, subtle conformational alterations conferred by a small number of amino acid polymorphisms within MALTs would contribute to the adaptation of domesticated brewing yeasts to the constrained carbohydrate environment of industrial wort during beer brewing.
Examining the influence of budget execution processes on the efficiency of county health systems in Kenya
Authors: Musiega Anita , Tsofa Benjamin , Nyawira Lizah , Njuguna Rebecca G , Munywoki Joshua , Hanson Kara , Mulwa Andrew , Molyneux Sassy , Maina Isabel , Normand Charles , Jemutai Julie , Barasa Edwine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Public financial management (PFM) processes are a driver of health system efficiency. PFM happens within the budget cycle which entails budget formulation, execution and accountability. At the budget execution phase, budgets are implemented by spending as planned to generate a desired output or outcome. Understanding how the budget execution processes influence the use of inputs and the outcomes that result is important for maximizing efficiency. This study sought to explain how the budget execution processes influence the efficiency of health systems, an area that is understudied, using a case study of county health systems in Kenya. We conducted a concurrent mixed methods case study using counties classified as relatively efficient (n = 2) and relatively inefficient (n = 2). We developed a conceptual framework from a literature review to guide the development of tools and analysis. We collected qualitative data through document reviews and in-depth interviews (n = 70) with actors from health and finance sectors at the national and county level. We collected quantitative data from secondary sources, including budgets and budget reports. We analysed qualitative data using the thematic approach and carried out descriptive analyses on quantitative data. The budget execution processes within counties in Kenya were characterized by poor budget credibility, cash disbursement delays, limited provider autonomy and poor procurement practices. These challenges were linked to an inappropriate input mix that compromised the capacity of county health systems to deliver health-care services, misalignment between county health needs and the use of resources, reduced staff motivation and productivity, procurement inefficiencies and reduced county accountability for finances and performance. The efficiency of county health systems in Kenya can be enhanced by improving budget credibility, cash disbursement processes, procurement processes and provider autonomy.
‘I didn’t even know it was a thing’: Australian young adults’ experience of economic abuse
Authors: Kutin Jozica Johanna , Russell Roslyn , Reid Mike 
Published: November 2022

SummaryEconomic abuse is a form of intimate partner violence that involves one partner controlling or restricting, exploiting or sabotaging the economic resources of the other partner. Little is known how economic abuse manifests in young people’s relationships or how to prevent it. This study explored young adults’ experiences of economic abuse and identified the factors associated with economic abuse in their relationships. Twenty-four young adults (18 women and 6 men) aged 18–29, were interviewed in-depth using both unstructured narrative and semi-structured interview questions. Thematic analysis was used to identify forms of economic abuse. Common experiences of economic abuse included: exploitation of financial and other resources, controlling access to money, damage to property and sabotage of employment and study. The contextual factors included lack of awareness of economic abuse, valuing love and relationships over money and fear of conflict and rejection. We argue that economic abuse prevention strategies should target young adults in their relationship formation stage and take into account the context of relationships and the issues young people face when venturing into cohabitation.
Postnatal neuronalBace1deletion impairs neuroblast and oligodendrocyte maturation
Authors: Benoit Marc R , Darboe Mabintou , Das Brati , Ge Yingying , Zhou John , Yao Annie , He Wanxia , Yan Riqiang , Hu Xiangyou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBeta amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is largely expressed by neurons and is the sole β-secretase for initiating the production of neuronal β-amyloid peptides (Aβ). To fully understand the physiological functions of neuronal BACE1, we used mouse genetic approach coupled with unbiased single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) to investigate how targeted deletion of Bace1 in neurons, driven by Thy-1-Cre recombinase, would affect functions in the nervous system. Our transcriptome results revealed that BACE1 is essential for maturation of neural precursor cells and oligodendrocytes in mice. RNA velocity analysis confirmed deficit in the trajectory of neuroblasts in reaching the immature granule neuron state in young Bace1fl/fl; Thy1-cre mice. Further analysis of differential gene expression indicated changes in genes important for SNARE signaling, tight junction signaling, synaptogenesis and insulin secretion pathways. Morphological studies revealed a hypomyelination in Bace1fl/fl;Thy1-cre sciatic nerves, but no detectable myelination changes in the corpus callosum, despite clear reduction in myelination proteins in the brain. Functional studies showed reduction in long-term potential, defects in synaptogenesis and learning behavioral. Altogether, our results show that neuronal BACE1 is critical for optimal development of central and peripheral nervous system, and inhibition of neuronal BACE1 will result in deficits in synaptic functions and cognitive behaviors.
Evaluating the role of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study in Europeans and East Asians
Authors: Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Borges Maria Carolina , Wong Tommy Hon Ting , Lawlor Deborah A , Schooling C Mary 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear and possible differences between ethnicities have not been thoroughly explored. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the role of NAFLD in CVD and T2D risk in Europeans and East Asians.

Methods
We conducted a MR study using genetic predictors of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liability to NAFLD, aspartate transaminase (AST), liver magnetic resonance imaging corrected T1 and proton density fat fraction and combined them with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics of CVD, T2D and glycaemic traits (sample size ranging from 14 400 to 977 320). Inverse-variance weighted analysis was used to assess the effect of NAFLD in these outcomes, with sensitivity analyses and replication in FinnGen. We conducted analyses in East Asians using ethnicity-specific genetic predictors of ALT and AST, and the respective outcome GWAS summary statistics.

Results
In Europeans, higher ALT was associated with higher T2D risk (odds ratio: 1.77 per standard deviation, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.08), with similar results for other exposures, across sensitivity analyses and in FinnGen. Although NAFLD proxies were related to higher coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke risk, sensitivity analyses suggested possible bias by horizontal pleiotropy. In East Asians, higher ALT was possibly associated with higher T2D risk, and ALT and AST were inversely associated with CAD.

Conclusions
NAFLD likely increases the risk of T2D in Europeans and East Asians. Potential differential effects on CAD between Europeans and East Asians require further investigation.
Let’s Agree to Disagree: A Strategy for Trade-Security
Authors: Pinchis-Paulsen Mona 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Deliberation of trade security is crucial for maintaining multilateral coordination and enabling governments, businesses, and individuals to navigate global economic networks. World Trade Organization (WTO) members’ mounting invocations of security-based trade restrictiveness increasingly challenge an institution that requires persistent coordination and transparency to function. WTO members need space to discuss—and disagree with—the intersection of security and trade policies. While members make use of existing WTO institutions and procedures, the exceptionalism and secrecy of security hinder notification, and review of security-rooted trade practices. This article provides a descriptive analysis and prescriptions for WTO institutional techniques for addressing members’ security-related measures daily—that is, on a routine basis, via trade policy review and WTO notification processes. It shows that the trade community already possess the tools to manage the growing issue-area of trade and security.
Brown bear–sea otter interactions along the Katmai coast: terrestrial and nearshore communities linked by predation
Authors: Monson Daniel H , Taylor Rebecca L , Hilderbrand Grant V , Erlenbach Joy A , Coletti Heather A , Kloecker Kimberly A , Esslinger George G , Bodkin James L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSea otters were extirpated throughout much of their range by the maritime fur trade in the 18th and 19th centuries, including the coast of Katmai National Park and Preserve in southcentral Alaska. Brown bears are an important component of the Katmai ecosystem where they are the focus of a thriving ecotourism bear-viewing industry as they forage in sedge meadows and dig clams in the extensive tidal flats that exist there. Sea otters began reoccupying Katmai in the 1970s where their use of intertidal clam resources overlapped that of brown bears. By 2008, the Katmai sea otter population had grown to an estimated 7,000 animals and was likely near carrying capacity; however, in 2006–2015, the age-at-death distribution (AADD) of sea otter carcasses collected at Katmai included a higher-than-expected proportion of prime-age animals compared to most other sea otter populations in Alaska. The unusual AADD warranted scientific investigation, particularly because the Katmai population is part of the Threatened southwest sea otter stock. Brown bears in Katmai are known to prey on marine mammals and sea otters, but depredation rates are unknown; thus, we investigated carnivore predation, especially by brown bears, as a potential explanation for abnormally high prime-age otter mortality. We installed camera traps at two island-based marine mammal haulout sites within Katmai to gather direct evidence that brown bears prey on seals and sea otters. Over a period of two summers, we gathered photo evidence of brown bears making 22 attempts to prey on sea otters of which nine (41%) were successful and 12 attempts to prey on harbor seals of which one (8%) was successful. We also developed a population model based on the AADD to determine if the living population is declining, as suggested by the high proportion of prime-age animals in the AADD. We found that the population trend predicted by the modeled AADDs was contradictory to aerial population surveys that indicated the population was not in steep decline but was consistent with otter predation. Future work should focus on the direct and indirect effects these top-level predators have on each other and the coastal community that connects them.