bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact MR‐compatible ergometer and its application in cardiac MR under exercise stress: A preliminary study
Authors: He Bo , Chen Yushu , Wang Lei , Yang Yang , Xia Chunchao , Zheng Jie , Gao Fabao 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo develop a compact MR‐compatible ergometer for exercise stress and to initially evaluate the reproducibility of myocardial native T1 and myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurements during exercise stress performed on this ergometer.MethodsThe compact ergometer consists of exercise, workload, and data processing components. The exercise stress can be achieved by pedaling on a pair of cylinders at a predefined frequency with adjustable resistances. Ten healthy subjects were recruited to perform cardiac MRI scans twice in a 3.0T MR scanner, at different days to assess reproducibility. Myocardial native T1 and MBF were acquired at rest and during a moderate exercise. The reproducibility of the two tests was determined by the intra‐group correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV).ResultsThe mean exercise intensity in this pilot study was 45 Watts (W), with an exercise duration of 5 min. Stress induced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (from 113 ± 11 mmHg to 141 ± 12, P < 0.05) and maximal increase in heart rate by 74 ± 19%. The rate pressure product increased two‐fold (P < 0.001). Excellent reproducibility was demonstrated in native T1 during the exercise (CoV = 3.0%), whereas the reproducibility of MBF and myocardial perfusion reserve during the exercise was also good (CoV = 10.7% and 8.8%, respectively).ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated that it is possible to acquire reproducible measurements of myocardial native T1 and MBF during the exercise stress in healthy volunteers using our new compact ergometer.
A simple proof of the Gross‐Saccoman multigraph conjecture
Authors: Martínez Mauro , Romero Pablo , Viera Julián 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn enigmatic conjecture in network synthesis asserts that uniformly most reliable multigraphs are simple. Daniel Gross and John Saccoman proved in 1998 that the answer is affirmative whenever , where and are the number of nodes and edges of the multigraphs, respectively. They conjectured that the optimality is also achieved by simple graphs when . A proof for this conjecture recently appeared. In this article we provide a unified short proof for the previous cases where . Our proof strategy holds whenever the most reliable simple graphs satisfy the self‐similarity property. As a consequence, it could be used to study the multigraph conjecture for larger graph classes.
Preparation and properties of crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/nanofibrillated cellulose based biocomposite by subcritical water/CO2process
Authors: Purkayastha Srijita , Prakash Mayank , Ghosh Anup K. , Saha Sampa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the present work, for the first time plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) based biocomposite was crosslinked by citric acid (CA) using subcritical water/CO2process. Presence of sufficient number of ‐OH groups in the backbone of plasticized PVA (p‐PVA) helps to form H bonding with SC‐NFC, which significantly improves the mechanical property of the biocomposite. Further, crosslinking of the same biocomposite helps to achieve hydrogel with superior modulus than that of PVA hydrogel alone. In subcritical medium, plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol)/nanofibrillated cellulose based biocomposite powder gets melted, fused and cross‐linked in a single step process to develop such hydrogel. Crosslinked plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol)/nanofibrillated cellulose based biocomposites were fully characterized in terms of gel content, thermal and chemical properties, morphology, swelling behavior and rheology. Excellent water swollen property, cellular structure and high storage modulus establish the potential of prepared biocomposite based hydrogels for several biomedical applications.
Renewable isosorbide‐enchained semi‐fluorinated aromatic ether polymers
Authors: Shelar Ketki Eknath , Mukeba Karl M. , Mills Kelly , Smith Dennis W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIsosorbide‐based renewable semi‐fluorinated polymers were synthesized via base‐mediated step‐growth polycondensation of isosorbide diol monomer with bis‐trifluorovinyl ether (TFVE) monomer in excellent yields. As the first example employing secondary alcohols in this addition/elimination polymerization affording fluorinated arylene vinylene ether (FAVE) polymers, reasonable to high‐molecular weights (10–84 kDa) and reproducible glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 120 to 130°C were achieved. Containing 23–31 wt.% renewable isosorbide repeat unit, the amorphous polymers are processable in common organic solvents and form tough, transparent films. Depending on basic conditions, these renewable semi‐fluorinated polymers contain reactive fluoroalkene enchainment for post‐polymerization functionalization and further retain the ability to thermally crosslink without the need for catalysts or initiators. Structural characterization of this complex asymmetric polymer was determined by multi‐nuclear NMR including multiple 2D‐NMR techniques. Renewable FAVE chemistry based on isosorbide presents an intriguing option for alternative renewable materials containing fluorine.
Blockchain system in the higher education: Storing academical students' records and achievements accumulated in the educational process
Authors: Kataev Mikhail , Bulysheva Larisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe significant interest in using of the blockchain technology in higher education for keeping secure student's records storage and retrieval is noted. This paper describes a new system based on blockchain approach to store students' records accumulated in the educational process at the higher institution in extended format. Every block of the records contains four types of information about student: academic activities, research participation, cultural activities and achievements. The system suggests participation of educational institution, student and potential employers in usage of integrated machine learning and blockchain technologies. The novelty of our paper is that the system allows university and student to keep complete and accurate data about the entire student learning process, avoid forgeries of educational records, e‐portfolio inaccuracies and fabricated degrees. Additionally, it could be used by employers to find qualifying potential employees, using large amount of verified and systematically accumulated data.
The Architecture, Nature, and Mystery of Starch Granules. Part 1: A Concise History of Early Investigations and Certain Granule Parts
Authors: Villwock Kurt , BeMiller James N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA review with 303 references. Part 1 of a summarized history of investigations into the structures of starch granules. It has been a little more than three centuries since scientific studies of starch granules began. During the first 200 years after the microscope is first used to study them, many ideas are put forth about the makeup, properties, and behaviors of starch granules and how they are formed. This review of the unraveling of the mystery of the architecture of starch granules presents the progression of these ideas during this period and aspects of granule structural analysis since then. It is divided into seven sections: Introduction; Overview of early history, The outer layer, Inner layers/growth rings, Granule growth, Granule crystallinity, and Granule porosity.
Effect of masupirdine (SUVN‐502) on cognition in patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double‐blind, phase 2, proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna , Ieni John , Goyal Vinod Kumar , Ravula Jyothsna , Jetta Satish , Shinde Anil , Jayarajan Pradeep , Benade Vijay , Palacharla Veera Raghava Chowdary , Dogiparti Dhanunjay Kumar , Jasti Venkat , Atri Alireza , Cummings Jeffrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study explored the efficacy and safety of a serotonin‐6 receptor antagonist, masupirdine, as adjunct treatment in patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) concomitantly treated with donepezil and memantine.MethodsThe effects of masupirdine were evaluated in patients with moderate AD dementia on background treatment with donepezil and memantine. Five hundred thirty‐seven patients were expected to be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio, using permuted blocked randomization. After a 2‐ to 4‐week screening period, the study consisted of a 26‐week double‐blind treatment period, and a 4‐week washout period. The primary efficacy measure was the 11‐item cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS‐Cog 11). Secondary efficacy measures were Clinical Dementia Rating Scale–Sum of Boxes, Mini‐Mental State Examination, 23‐item Alzheimer's Disease Co‐operative Study Activities of Daily Living, and 12‐item Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Changes from baseline were analyzed using a mixed effects model for repeated measures (MMRM). A total of 564 patients were randomized to receive either daily masupirdine 50 mg (190 patients), masupirdine 100 mg (185 patients), or placebo (189 patients). The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02580305).ResultsThe MMRM results showed statistically non‐significant treatment differences in change from baseline in ADAS‐Cog 11 scores at week 26, comparing each masupirdine dose arm to the placebo arm. No significant treatment effects were observed in the secondary evaluations.DiscussionMasupirdine was generally safe and well tolerated. Possible reasons for the observed trial results are discussed.Highlights
Masupirdine was evaluated in moderate Alzheimer's disease patients.
First trial in class with background treatment of donepezil and memantine.
Masupirdine was generally safe and well tolerated.
Possible reasons for the observed trial results are discussed.
The Strands of Klaus Hasselmann’s Science
Authors: von Storch Hans 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile Klaus Hasselmann began, as many theoretical physicists do, expecting to find a solution to the “turbulence problem” (whatever that is), he noticed that this would be a rather big challenge, and that it may also be good to tackle easier problems. And that is what he did before returning to the old dream when he retired, although he was not particularly successful in attracting praise and recognition.
Triple-leptoquark interactions for tree- and loop-level proton decays
Authors: Doršner Ilja , Fajfer Svjetlana , Sumensari Olcyr 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the impact of triple-leptoquark interactions on matter stability for two specific proton decay topologies that arise at the tree- and one-loop level if and when they coexist. We demonstrate that the one-loop level topology is much more relevant than the tree-level one when it comes to the proton decay signatures despite the usual loop-suppression factor. We subsequently present detailed analysis of the triple-leptoquark interaction effects on the proton stability within one representative scenario to support our claim, where the scenario in question simultaneously features a tree-level topology that yields three-body proton decay p → e+e+e− and a one-loop level topology that induces two-body proton decays p → π0e+ and p → π+$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

. We also provide a comprehensive list of the leading-order proton decay channels for all non-trivial cubic and quartic contractions involving three scalar leptoquark multiplets that generate triple-leptoquark interactions of our interest, where in the latter case one of the scalar multiplets is the Standard Model Higgs doublet.
Medizinische Kompressionsstrümpfe bei chronischen venösen Erkrankungen und Lymphödem
Authors: Stücker Markus , Rabe Eberhard 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziele
Medizinische Kompressionsstrümpfe (MKS) sind bei chronischer venöser Insuffizienz (CVI) aller Stadien indiziert und beim Lymphödem eine unverzichtbare Therapiekomponente; 8 % der deutschen Bevölkerung tragen vom Arzt verordnete MKS, Frauen häufiger als Männer (12 % vs. 5 %) und insbesondere Personen ab 60 Jahren (17 %). Die Adhärenz der Patienten ist relevant für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung mit MKS. Untersucht wurde die Versorgung mit MKS aus Patientensicht.

Patienten und Methodik
Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte 2019 die Versorgungsqualität durch strukturierte Interviews mit 414 repräsentativ ausgewählten Nutzern. Die Erkenntnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund wissenschaftlicher Evidenz zur Wirkung der MKS diskutiert.

Ergebnisse
Venenprobleme sind der häufigste Verordnungsgrund (44 %), gefolgt von Lymphödemen (22 %) bzw. Mehrfachindikationen (27 %). Patienten tragen MKS zumeist täglich und durchschnittlich 11 h/Tag; 89 % der Patienten waren zufrieden bzw. sehr zufrieden mit den MKS und berichteten je nach Indikation ein differenziertes Wirkprofil. Dieses reflektiert die umfangreiche wissenschaftliche Evidenz zur klinischen Wirksamkeit der MKS. Ein wichtiger Faktor für die Patientenadhärenz ist die ärztliche Schulung und Aufklärung.

Schlussfolgerungen
MKS werden von Patienten sehr gut akzeptiert. Bei der Verordnung sollen praktischen Aspekte wie An- und Ausziehen, empfohlene Tragedauer und -häufigkeit sowie der Wirkmechanismus der MKS vermittelt werden.

Graphic abstract
Prevalence and prognostic impact of chronic kidney disease and anaemia across ACC/AHA precursor and symptomatic heart failure stages
Authors: Gerhardt Louisa M. S. , Kordsmeyer Maren , Sehner Susanne , Güder Gülmisal , Störk Stefan , Edelmann Frank , Wachter Rolf , Pankuweit Sabine , Prettin Christiane , Ertl Georg , Wanner Christoph , Angermann Christiane E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The importance of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anaemia has not been comprehensively studied in asymptomatic patients at risk for heart failure (HF) versus those with symptomatic HF. We analysed the prevalence, characteristics and prognostic impact of both conditions across American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) precursor and HF stages A–D.

Methods and results
2496 participants from three non-pharmacological German Competence Network HF studies were categorized by ACC/AHA stage; stage C patients were subdivided into C1 and C2 (corresponding to NYHA classes I/II and III, respectively). Overall, patient distribution was 8.1%/35.3%/32.9% and 23.7% in ACC/AHA stages A/B/C1 and C2/D, respectively. These subgroups were stratified by the absence ( – ) or presence ( +) of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73m2) and anaemia (haemoglobin in women/men < 12/ < 13 g/dL). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 5-year follow-up. Prevalence increased across stages A/B/C1 and C2/D (CKD: 22.3%/23.6%/31.6%/54.7%; anaemia: 3.0%/7.9%/21.7%/33.2%, respectively), with concordant decreases in median eGFR and haemoglobin (all p < 0.001). Across all stages, hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] for all-cause mortality were 2.1 [1.8–2.6] for CKD + , 1.7 [1.4–2.0] for anaemia, and 3.6 [2.9–4.6] for CKD + /anaemia + (all p < 0.001). Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for 5-year mortality related to CKD and/or anaemia were similar across stages A/B, C1 and C2/D (up to 33.4%, 30.8% and 34.7%, respectively).

Conclusions
Prevalence and severity of CKD and anaemia increased across ACC/AHA stages. Both conditions were individually and additively associated with increased 5-year mortality risk, with similar PAFs in asymptomatic patients and those with symptomatic HF.

Graphical abstract
The Moving-Frame Method for the Iterated-Integrals Signature: Orthogonal Invariants
Authors: Diehl Joscha , Preiß Rosa , Ruddy Michael , Tapia Nikolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeometric, robust-to-noise features of curves in Euclidean space are of great interest for various applications such as machine learning and image analysis. We apply Fels–Olver’s moving-frame method (for geometric features) paired with the log-signature transform (for robust features) to construct a set of integral invariants under rigid motions for curves in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

from the iterated-integrals signature. In particular, we show that one can algorithmically construct a set of invariants that characterize the equivalence class of the truncated iterated-integrals signature under orthogonal transformations, which yields a characterization of a curve in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

under rigid motions (and tree-like extensions) and an explicit method to compare curves up to these transformations.
Autonomic Dysregulation in Child Social Anxiety Disorder: An Experimental Design Using CBT Treatment
Authors: Asbrand Julia , Vögele Claus , Heinrichs Nina , Nitschke Kai , Tuschen-Caffier Brunna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModels of social anxiety disorder (SAD) stress the relevance of physiological arousal. So far, limited research has been conducted in children with SAD in experimental stress designs. Thus, examining autonomic arousal, children with and without SAD completed a standardized social stressor (Trier Social Stress Test for Children-C; TSST-C). Pre-existing differences to healthy controls (HC) were expected to decrease after receiving cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Children with SAD (n = 64) and HC children (n = 55) completed a TSST-C. Children with SAD participated in a second TSST-C after either cognitive-behavioral treatment or a waitlist-control period (WLC). As expected, children with SAD showed blunted heart rate reactivity compared to HC children. Further, children with SAD had elevated levels of tonic sympathetic arousal as indexed by skin conductance level compared to HC. Children with SAD showed lower parasympathetic arousal during the baseline compared to HC. Children receiving treatment did not differ from children in the WLC condition in a repeated social stress test. Psychophysiological differences between children with SAD and HC children could be confirmed as indicated by previous research. The lack of physiological effects of the intervention as an experimental manipulation might be related to slower changes in physiology compared to e.g. cognition.
Direct transcriptomic comparison of xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity pathway induction of airway epithelium models at an air–liquid interface generated from induced pluripotent stem cells and primary bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Djidrovski Ivo , Georgiou Maria , Tasinato Elena , Leonard Martin O. , Van den Bor Jelle , Lako Majlinda , Armstrong Lyle 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The airway epithelium represents the main barrier between inhaled air and the tissues of the respiratory tract and is therefore an important point of contact with xenobiotic substances into the human body. Several studies have recently shown that in vitro models of the airway grown at an air–liquid interface (ALI) can be particularly useful to obtain mechanistic information about the toxicity of chemical compounds. However, such methods are not very amenable to high throughput since the primary cells cannot be expanded indefinitely in culture to obtain a sustainable number of cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a popular option in the recent years for modelling the airways of the lung, but despite progress in the field, such models have so far not been assessed for their ability to metabolise xenobiotic compounds and how they compare to the primary bronchial airway model (pBAE). Here, we report a comparative analysis by TempoSeq (oligo-directed sequencing) of an iPSC-derived airway model (iBAE) with a primary bronchial airway model (pBAE). The iBAE and pBAE were differentiated at an ALI and then evaluated in a 5-compound screen with exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of each compound for 24 h. We found that despite lower expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes, the iBAE similarly predicted the toxic pathways when compared to the pBAE model. Our results show that iPSC airway models at ALI show promise for inhalation toxicity assessments with further development.

Graphical abstract
Novel anti-arthritic mechanisms of trans-cinnamaldehyde against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice: involvement of NF-кB/TNF-α and IL-6/IL-23/ IL-17 pathways in the immuno-inflammatory responses
Authors: El-Tanbouly Ghada S. , Abdelrahman Rehab S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA), a natural cinnamaldehyde derivative of cinnamon oil, is known for anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities. However, no study has examined the protective mechanisms of TCA on complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Chronic arthritis was induced in mice by triple dose injection of 0.1 ml CFA in the first two days, then a treatment with TCA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and the anti-arthritic drug; methotrexate (MTX, 0.75 mg/kg, i.p., 3 times/week) started from day 10 after CFA and continued till day 35.TCA ameliorated the CFA-induced arthritis features, indicated by the decrease in serum rheumatoid factor, paw swelling, arthritis index and the arthritis changes in limb histology. Additionally, TCA treatment showed anti-inflammatory actions through downregulation of TNF-α, NF-κB and COX-2 expressions and marked reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17 levels in inflamed paw tissues.Consequently, TCA can decrease arthritis progression and inhibit the immune/inflammatory responses initiated by TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6/IL-23/IL-17 signals, via NF-κB modulation, almost to the same extent accomplished by MTX. Therefore, TCA could be a promising anti-arthritic drug.
How Much Do We Really Care What We Pick? Pre-verbal and Verbal Investment in Choices Concerning Faces and Figures
Authors: Mouratidou Alexandra , Zlatev Jordan , van de Weijer Joost 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEvery day we make choices, but our degree of investment in them differs, both in terms of pre-verbal experience and verbal justification. In an earlier experimental study, participants were asked to pick the more attractive one among two human faces, and among two abstract figures, and later to provide verbal motivations for these choices. They did not know that in some of the cases their choices were manipulated (i.e., they were asked to motivate the item they had not chosen). Against claims about our unreliability as conscious agents (Nisbett et al. in Psychol Rev 84:231–259, 2013; Johansson et al. in Science 310:116–119, 2005), the study found that in about half the cases the manipulations were detected. In the present study, we investigated whether varying degrees of choice investment could be an explanatory factor for such findings. We analysed the verbal justifications of the participants along a set of semantic categories, based on theoretical ideas from phenomenology and cognitive linguistics, and formulated a matrix of elevenmarkers of choice investment. We predicted a greater degree of investment when motivating (a) choices of faces than figures, (b) manipulated than actual choices, and (c) detected than non-detected manipulations. These predictions were confirmed, but with various strength. This allows us to argue for both consilience and differences between pre-verbal choice investment and the corresponding verbal motivations of the choices made, and thus for (degrees of) conscious awareness of choice making.