bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNF144A exerts tumor suppressor function in breast cancer through targeting YY1 for proteasomal degradation to downregulate GMFG expression
Authors: Zhang Yin-Ling , Cao Jin-Ling , Zhang Ye , Liao Li , Deng Ling , Yang Shao-Ying , Hu Shu-Yuan , Ning Yan , Zhang Fang-Lin , Li Da-Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRing finger protein 144A (RNF144A), a poorly characterized member of the RING-in-between-RING family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is an emerging tumor suppressor, but its underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. To address this issue, we used Affymetrix GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 to profile gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing empty vector pCDH and Flag-RNF144A, and found that 128 genes were differentially expressed between pCDH- and RNF144A-expressing cells with fold change over 1.5. We further demonstrated that RNF144A negatively regulated the protein and mRNA levels of glial maturation factor γ (GMFG). Mechanistical investigations revealed that transcription factor YY1 transcriptionally activated GMFG expression, and RNF144A interacted with YY1 and promoted its ubiquitination-dependent degradation, thus blocking YY1-induced GMFG expression. Functional rescue assays showed that ectopic expression of RNF144A suppressed the proliferative, migratory, and invasive potential of breast cancer cells, and the noted effects were partially restored by re-expression of GMFG in RNF144A-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Collectively, these findings reveal that RNF144A negatively regulates GMFG expression by targeting YY1 for proteasomal degradation, thus inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells.
Role of the Deglacial Buildup of the Great Barrier Reef for the Global Carbon Cycle
Authors: Felis Thomas , Hinestrosa Gustavo , Köhler Peter , Webster Jody M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe carbon isotope 13C is commonly used to attribute the last deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise to various processes. Here we show that the growth of the world's largest reef system, the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), is marked by a pronounced decrease in δ13C in absolutely dated fossil coral skeletons between 12.8 and 11.7 ka, which coincides with a prominent minimum in atmospheric δ13CO2 and the Younger Dryas. The event follows the flooding of a large shelf platform and initiation of an extensive barrier reef system at 13 ka. Carbon cycle simulations show the coral δ13C decrease was mainly caused by the combination of isotopic fractionation during reef carbonate production and the decomposition of organic land carbon on the newly flooded shallow‐water platform. The impacts of these processes on atmospheric CO2 and δ13CO2, however, are marginal. Thus, the GBR was not contributing to the last deglacial δ13CO2 minimum at ∼12.4 ka.
Variability of Sea‐Surface Magnetic Anomalies at Ultraslow Spreading Centers: Consequence of Detachment Faulting and Contrasted Magmatism?
Authors: Zhou F. , Dyment J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe capacity of oceanic crust to record geomagnetic polarity reversals makes sea‐surface magnetic anomalies an essential tool to study plate tectonics. The anomalies are usually well‐defined at magmatic spreading centers, but are distorted and eventually disappear on magma‐poor mid‐ocean ridges such as the ultraslow Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), making their interpretation difficult. We attribute the variability of the SWIR sea‐surface magnetic anomalies to the alternance of magmatic spreading and detachment faulting. A three‐layer magnetic model is used to simulate the influence of such an alternance on the sea‐surface magnetic anomalies. Conversely, observed magnetic profiles at the SWIR are modeled to unravel their off‐axis crustal structure and past mode of spreading. The intruding gabbro bodies on the footwall of detachment faults play a major role in explaining the variability of sea‐surface magnetic anomalies at slow and ultraslow spreading ridges.
Thermospheric Density Perturbations Produced by Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances During August 2005 Storm
Authors: Pham K. H. , Zhang B. , Sorathia K. , Dang T. , Wang W. , Merkin V. , Liu H. , Lin D. , Wiltberger M. , Lei J. , Bao S. , Garretson J. , Toffoletto F. , Michael A. , Lyon J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThermospheric mass density perturbations are commonly observed during geomagnetic storms and fundamental to upper atmosphere dynamics, but the sources of these perturbations are not well understood. Large neutral density perturbations during storms greatly affect the drag experienced by low Earth orbit. We investigated the thermospheric density perturbations at all latitudes observed along the CHAMP and GRACE satellite trajectories during the August 24–25, 2005 geomagnetic storm. Observations show that large neutral density enhancements occurred not only at high latitudes, but also globally. Large density perturbations were seen in the equatorial regions away from the high‐latitude, magnetospheric energy sources. We used the high‐resolution Multiscale Atmosphere Geospace Environment (MAGE) model to simulate consecutive neutral density changes observed by satellites during the storm. The MAGE simulation, which resolved mesoscale high‐latitude convection electric fields and field‐aligned currents, and included physics‐based specification of auroral precipitation, was contrasted with a standalone ionosphere‐thermosphere simulation driven by a high‐latitude electrodynamics empirical model. The comparison demonstrates that first‐principles representations of highly dynamic and localized Joule heating events in a fully coupled whole geospace model is critical to accurately capture both generation and propagation of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) that produce neutral density perturbations globally. The MAGE simulation shows that larger density peaks in the equatorial region observed by CHAMP and GRACE are the result of TADs generated at high‐latitudes in both hemispheres, and intersect at low‐latitudes. This study reveals the importance of investigating thermospheric density variations at all latitudes in a fully coupled geospace model with sufficiently high resolving power.
A Comparison of the Midlatitude Nickel and Sodium Layers in the Mesosphere: Observations and Modeling
Authors: Jiao Jing , Feng Wuhu , Wu Fang , Wu Fuju , Zheng Haoran , Du Lifang , Yang Guotao , Plane John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA dual‐wavelength resonance fluorescence lidar facility, operating at 341 and 589 nm, was used to observe simultaneously the Ni and Na layers in the upper atmosphere over Yanqing station, Beijing (40.41°N, 116.01°E). Lidar measurements were performed on 126 nights (1090 hr in total) from April 2019 to March 2020 and April 2021 to August 2021, so that the full seasonal cycle of the Ni layer was observed for the first time. The Ni and Na layers exhibit a similar annual cycle, increasing by a factor of ∼3 from a mid‐summer minimum to a midwinter maximum. The annual mean column densities of Ni and Na are 3.1 × 108 and 2.5 × 109 cm−2, respectively, giving a mean Na:Ni ratio of 8.1, which is significantly larger than their CI chondritic ratio of 1.2. This is explained by the more efficient ablation of Na from cosmic dust particles by a factor of 3, and the more rapid neutralization of Na+ between 90 and 100 km, where the measured Na+:Ni+ ratio is only 2.2. The Ni layer peak occurs around 84 km, 8 km below that of Na. These features are simulated satisfactorily by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) and are explained by significant differences in the neutral chemistry of the two metals below 90 km and their ion‐molecule chemistry between 90 and 100 km.
Modeling and measuring glucose diffusion and consumption by colorectal cancer spheroids in hanging drops using integrated biosensors
Authors: Rousset Nassim , Sandoval Rubén López , Modena Mario Matteo , Hierlemann Andreas , Misun Patrick M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs 3D in vitro tissue models become more pervasive, their built-in nutrient, metabolite, compound, and waste gradients increase biological relevance at the cost of analysis simplicity. Investigating these gradients and the resulting metabolic heterogeneity requires invasive and time-consuming methods. An alternative is using electrochemical biosensors and measuring concentrations around the tissue model to obtain size-dependent metabolism data. With our hanging-drop-integrated enzymatic glucose biosensors, we conducted current measurements within hanging-drop compartments hosting spheroids formed from the human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116. We developed a physics-based mathematical model of analyte consumption and transport, considering (1) diffusion and enzymatic conversion of glucose to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the glucose-oxidase-based hydrogel functionalization of our biosensors at the microscale; (2) H2O2 oxidation at the electrode surface, leading to amperometric H2O2 readout; (3) glucose diffusion and glucose consumption by cancer cells in a spherical tissue model at the microscale; (4) glucose and H2O2 transport in our hanging-drop compartments at the macroscale; and (5) solvent evaporation, leading to glucose and H2O2 upconcentration. Our model relates the measured currents to the glucose concentrations generating the currents. The low limit of detection of our biosensors (0.4 ± 0.1 μM), combined with our current-fitting method, enabled us to reveal glucose dynamics within our system. By measuring glucose dynamics in hanging-drop compartments populated by cancer spheroids of various sizes, we could infer glucose distributions within the spheroid, which will help translate in vitro 3D tissue model results to in vivo.
Innovative method for CO2 fixation and storage
Authors: Sorimachi Kenji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe concentration of CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere has been gradually increasing since the Industrial Revolution, primarily as a result of the use of fossil fuels as energy sources. Although coal and oil have been vital to the development of modern civilization, it is now recognized that atmospheric CO2 levels must be reduced to avoid the serious effects of climate change, including natural disasters. Consequently, there is currently significant interest in developing suitable methods for the fixation of CO2 in the air and in exhaust gases. The present work demonstrates a simple yet innovative approach to the chemical fixation of extremely low and very high CO2 concentrations in air, such as might result from industrial sources. This process is based on the use of aqueous solutions of the water-soluble compounds NaOH and CaCl2, which react with CO2 to produce the harmless solids CaCO3 (limestone) and NaCl (salt) via intermediates such as NaHCO3 and Na2CO3. The NaCl generated in this process can be converted back to NaOH via electrolysis, during which H2 (which can be used as a clean energy source) and Cl2 are produced simultaneously. Additionally, sea water contains both NaCl and CaCl2 and so could provide a ready supply of these two compounds. This system provides a safe, inexpensive approach to simultaneous CO2 fixation and storage.
Volumetric lattice Boltzmann method for wall stresses of image-based pulsatile flows
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Gomez-Paz Joan , Chen Xi , McDonough J. M. , Islam Md Mahfuzul , Andreopoulos Yiannis , Zhu Luoding , Yu Huidan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImage-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a new capability for determining wall stresses of pulsatile flows. However, a computational platform that directly connects image information to pulsatile wall stresses is lacking. Prevailing methods rely on manual crafting of a hodgepodge of multidisciplinary software packages, which is usually laborious and error-prone. We present a new computational platform, to compute wall stresses in image-based pulsatile flows using the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method (VLBM). The novelty includes: (1) a unique image processing to extract flow domain and local wall normality, (2) a seamless connection between image extraction and VLBM, (3) an en-route calculation of strain-rate tensor, and (4) GPU acceleration (not included here). We first generalize the streaming operation in the VLBM and then conduct application studies to demonstrate its reliability and applicability. A benchmark study is for laminar and turbulent pulsatile flows in an image-based pipe (Reynolds number: 10 to 5000). The computed pulsatile velocity and shear stress are in good agreements with Womersley's analytical solutions for laminar pulsatile flows and concurrent laboratory measurements for turbulent pulsatile flows. An application study is to quantify the pulsatile hemodynamics in image-based human vertebral and carotid arteries including velocity vector, pressure, and wall-shear stress. The computed velocity vector fields are in reasonably well agreement with MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) measured ones. This computational platform is good for image-based CFD with medical applications and pore-scale porous media flows in various natural and engineering systems.
Ontogenetic variation in the skull of Stenopterygius quadriscissus with an emphasis on prenatal development
Authors: Miedema Feiko , Maxwell Erin E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe availability of a large sample size from a range of ontogenetic stages makes Stenopterygius quadriscissus a good model to study ontogenetic variation in a fossil sauropsid. We qualitatively examined pre- and postnatal ontogenetic changes in the cranium of S. quadriscissus. The prenatal ossification sequence is similar to other diapsids, exhibiting delayed chondrocranial ossification compared to the dermatocranium. In the dermatocranium, the circumorbital area is more ossified earlier in development relative to other elements, especially those of the skull roof where ossification is comparatively weaker across prenatal stages. Perinatally all cranial elements are ossified, and many scarf and step joints are already closed. We propose four prenatal and three postnatal stages in S. quadriscissus on the basis of relative ossification, size and qualitative cranial characters pertaining to the jugal, parietal, frontal, pterygoid and surangular. These will provide a basis for determining ontogenetic stages in other ichthyosaurs. Moreover, our postnatal observations aid in refining ontogenetic characters for phylogenetic studies. Lastly, we observed that the antimeric sutures of the midline of the skull roof are open perinatally and that fusion of the midline only appears in the adult stage. We hypothesize that the loose connection of the midline functions as a fontanelle, limiting potential damage during birth.
Layer thickness prediction and tissue classification in two-layered tissue structures using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Geldof Freija , Dashtbozorg Behdad , Hendriks Benno H. W. , Sterenborg Henricus J. C. M. , Ruers Theo J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring oncological surgery, it can be challenging to identify the tumor and establish adequate resection margins. This study proposes a new two-layer approach in which diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is used to predict the top layer thickness and classify the layers in two-layered phantom and animal tissue. Using wavelet-based and peak-based DRS spectral features, the proposed method could predict the top layer thickness with an accuracy of up to 0.35 mm. In addition, the tissue types of the first and second layers were classified with an accuracy of 0.95 and 0.99. Distinguishing multiple tissue layers during spectral analyses results in a better understanding of more complex tissue structures encountered in surgical practice.
Cryogenic origin of fractionation between perchlorate and chloride under modern martian climate
Authors: Li Dongdong , Zhao Yu-Yan Sara , Meslin Pierre-Yves , Vals Margaux , Forget François , Wu Zhongchen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe high perchlorate (ClO4−) to chloride (Cl−) ratios observed at the Phoenix landing site, northern polar region of Mars, have been puzzling since detection. However, a lack of understanding of perchlorate-chloride-water systems under cryogenic conditions makes it difficult to assess ClO4−/Cl− ratios during deliquescence-related processes. Here we quantitatively evaluate ClO4−/Cl− fractionation in deliquescence-induced brines of magnesium- and calcium-perchlorate-chloride salt mixtures under subzero conditions, by measuring solubility data and constructing temperature-dependent thermodynamic models. We find that under specific relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) conditions, deliquescence of perchlorate-chloride mixtures may form brines with fractionated ClO4−/Cl− signatures. Appropriate RH-T, water-limited conditions, and aeolian processes are required to produce and preserve the elevated ClO4−/Cl− signatures in soils. Under the present climate, the north polar region can support ClO4−/Cl− fractionation and potentially enrich perchlorate for longer periods on global Mars. This highlights the uniqueness of Mars’ arctic environment and its implications for modern habitability.
Viral tag and grow: a scalable approach to capture and characterize infectious virus–host pairs
Authors: Jang Ho Bin , Chittick Lauren , Li Yueh-Fen , Zablocki Olivier , Sanderson Courtney M , Carrillo Alfonso , van den Engh Ger , Sullivan Matthew B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Viral metagenomics (viromics) has reshaped our understanding of DNA viral diversity, ecology, and evolution across Earth’s ecosystems. However, viromics now needs approaches to link newly discovered viruses to their host cells and characterize them at scale. This study adapts one such method, sequencing-enabled viral tagging (VT), to establish “Viral Tag and Grow” (VT + Grow) to rapidly capture and characterize viruses that infect a cultivated target bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas. First, baseline cytometric and microscopy data improved understanding of how infection conditions and host physiology impact populations in VT flow cytograms. Next, we extensively evaluated “and grow” capability to assess where VT signals reflect adsorption alone or wholly successful infections that lead to lysis. Third, we applied VT + Grow to a clonal virus stock, which, coupled to traditional plaque assays, revealed significant variability in burst size—findings that hint at a viral “individuality” parallel to the microbial phenotypic heterogeneity literature. Finally, we established a live protocol for public comment and improvement via protocols.io to maximally empower the research community. Together these efforts provide a robust foundation for VT researchers, and establish VT + Grow as a promising scalable technology to capture and characterize viruses from mixed community source samples that infect cultivable bacteria.
Changes in the skin microbiome associated with squamous cell carcinoma in transplant recipients
Authors: Krueger Annika , Zaugg Julian , Lachner Nancy , Bialasiewicz Seweryn , Lin Lynlee L , Gabizon Sharon , Sobarun Priyamvada , Morrison Mark , Soyer H Peter , Hugenholtz Philip , Frazer Ian H 
Published: February 2022

AbstractActinic keratoses (AK) arise in severely photo-damaged skin and can progress to squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). AK and SCC are common in Caucasian populations, and immunosuppressed individuals have a markedly higher risk of developing SCC. An overabundance of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported in AK and SCC lesions of immunocompetent individuals, however, the AK/SCC microbiome in immunosuppressed cohorts has not been investigated. Here, the microbial profile and bacterial load of AK, SCC and control skin swabs from 32 immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients were characterised via SSU rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, and compared to a previously described immunocompetent cohort. Although the taxonomic composition of skin swab samples was mostly subject-specific, significant differences were observed between control skin, AK, and SCC in both cohorts. Surface bacterial load was increased and alpha diversity decreased in AK and SCC compared to control skin due to an increased abundance of Staphylococcus species and relative decrease of skin commensals. Staphylococcus epidermidis predominated on SCC from transplant recipients in contrast to SCC of immunocompetent subjects dominated by S. aureus. In conclusion, AK and SCC of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent subjects present with distinctive microbial dysbioses, which may be relevant to SCC pathogenesis and progression.
Visible-light-promoted trifluoromethylselenolation of ortho-hydroxyarylenaminones
Authors: Lu Linghui , Zhao Xiongjie , Dessie Wubliker , Xia Xianwu , Duan Xiangjia , He Jun , Wang Rui , Liu Yu , Wu Chao 
Published: February 2022

Visible-light photocatalytic trifluoromethylselenolation of ortho-hydroxyarylenaminones is reported, which provides a green protocol for the efficient and rapid synthesis of trifluoromethylselenylated chromones.
Native Language and Second Language Convergence and Second Language Instruction Shape Speech-Language Performance in Adult Learners
Authors: Blumenfeld Henrike K. , Sanabria Ashley Adams , Nip Ignatius S. B. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:We examined native language (L1) and second language (L2) convergence of underlying skills in adult L2 learners as well as the contribution of instructional L2 level on L2 attainment across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels.Method:Thirty-four adult Spanish L2 learners who had completed at least 1 year of college Spanish participated in this preliminary study. Learners were tested at the speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels in their L1 (English) and L2 (Spanish). L1–L2 convergence was indexed by associative links between corresponding L1 and L2 skills. In regression analyses, the level of Spanish instruction at the time of the study was also considered as a predictor of L2 attainment across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels.Results:L1–L2 convergence was identified for some speech motor skills (distance, maximum speed) and for lexical skills but was limited for other speech motor skills (duration, spatiotemporal index) and for narrative measures. Furthermore, lexical and narrative measures, but not speech motor measures, showed improvements with Spanish (L2) instruction.Conclusions:L1–L2 convergence and instructional level are predictors of L2 performance in adult language learners. These factors play somewhat different roles across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels, warranting further “all-system” research across processing and proficiency levels.
Dense sampling and detail enhancement network: Improved small object detection based on dense sampling and detail enhancement
Authors: Qin Hong , Wu Yirong , Dong Fangmin , Sun Shuifa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSmall objects only occupy a few pixels in an image, which results in low performance of small object detection for existing object detection algorithms. Therefore, the authors propose a dense sampling and detail enhancement network (DSDE‐Net) to address this issue. The network contains a dense sampling module used to increase the resolution of feature maps and expand the receptive field, which includes an atrous spatial pyramid pooling network and a coordinate attention mechanism to systematically process feature maps. Simultaneously, the authors introduce a detail enhancement branch that contains edge and detailed information to generate detailed enhancement feature maps through Gaussian filtering to compensate for the loss of small object information that occurs in the feature extraction process. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network outperformed related methods. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm DetectoRS, it effectively achieves approximately 4.6% improvement on the minicoco2021 dataset and 4.2% improvement on the remotely sensed dataset VisDrone.