bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Image/Body (Dis)satisfaction
Authors: Webber Katrina T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This entry provides an introduction to the concepts of body image and body dissatisfaction, presents a brief overview of key areas within health communication that examine body image and body dissatisfaction, and suggests areas in which further exploration is needed. Body image is a multifaceted concept which exists on a spectrum of positive and negative feelings about appearance. Having a more negative body image can lead to body dissatisfaction, which has been associated with various negative mental and physical health outcomes including eating disorders and weight stigma. The role of health campaigns, media, and interpersonal interactions are important factors to consider when studying body image and body dissatisfaction.
Homelessness
Authors: Gent Whitney 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Homelessness is a condition of extreme poverty experienced globally. People experiencing homelessness are more likely than people who are stably housed to have negative health outcomes, including chronic health conditions, addiction, mental health issues, and exposure to physical and sexual violence. The public visibility of homeless people dealing with health disparities contributes to their dehumanization and stigmatization. Health communication interventions can improve homeless people's health outcomes by providing housing (e.g., through Housing First), ensuring access to mobile health resources, and reconsidering the cultures of institutions and organizations offering health services.
CO2Hydrogenation over Copper/ZnO Single‐Atom Catalysts: Water‐Promoted Transient Synthesis of Methanol
Authors: Wu Wenlong , Wang Yanan , Luo Lei , Wang Menglin , Li Zhongling , Chen Yue , Wang Zhiqi , Chai Jingbo , Cen Zeyan , Shi Yongliang , Zhao Jin , Zeng Jie , Li Hongliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe hydrogenation of CO2by renewable power‐generated hydrogen offers a promising approach to a sustainable carbon cycle. However, the role of water during CO2hydrogenation is still under debate. Herein, we demonstrated that either too low or too high contents of water hampered the methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO based catalysts. For Cu single atoms on ZnO supports, the optimal content of water was 0.11 vol. % under 30 bar (CO2 : H2=1 : 3) at 170 °C. Upon the introduction of optimal‐content water, the methanol selectivity immediately became 99.1 %, meanwhile the conversion of CO2underwent a volcano‐type trend with the maximum of 4.9 %. According to mechanistic studies, water acted as a bridge between H atoms and CO2/intermediates, facilitating the transformation of COOH* and CH2O*. The enhanced activity induced the generation of more water to react with CO via water‐gas shift reaction, resulting in the increase in methanol selectivity.
Controllable crosslinking system of soy protein‐based adhesives via soybean polysaccharide for wood composites
Authors: Mi Yan , Bai Yumei , Gao Daqian , Gao Zhenhua , Gu Hao , Yang Weijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of soy protein‐based adhesives is an environment‐friendly strategy to fabricate formaldehyde‐free wood composite with desired properties. However, it remains challenge to effectively control crosslinking process and therefore tailor the property of soy protein‐based adhesives. Herein, inspired by the components of defatted soy flour, a controllable crosslinking system of soy protein and epichlorohydrin‐modified polyamidoamine was developed by adjusting the soybean polysaccharide contents. The results confirmed that soluble polysaccharide involved into the crosslinking system via Maillard reaction. Even though the weight ratios of polysaccharide in the adhesives increased from 0% to 60%, the water‐insoluble contents of the cured adhesives were slightly driven down from 89.15% to 84.98%, meanwhile thermal stability of the cured adhesives can be improved 1.4 times. Moreover, polysaccharide can be used as a small molecular additive to reduce initial viscosity of the adhesive and achieve improved spread property and mechanical interlock with plywood. Notably, the soaked wet bond strength of the resultant plywood reached 1.58 MPa and the cycled wet bond strength reached 1.17 MPa, which meet the requirement of outdoor use, when the contents of polysaccharide in the adhesives were 40%. Therefore, this study may provide a facile and cost‐effective approach to prepare a high‐performance soy protein‐based adhesive.
A hand‐targeted auxiliary personal protective equipment for intervention of fomite transmission of viruses
Authors: Tan Justin Kok Soon , Song Shang Wei , Zeng Jialiu , Lo Chih Hung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn COVID‐19, fomite transmission has been shown to be a major route for the spreading of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus due to its ability to remain on surfaces for extended durations. Although glove wearing can mitigate the risk of viral transmission especially on high touch points, it is not prevalent due to concerns on diversion of frontline medical resources, cross‐contamination, social stigma, as well as discomfort and skin reactions derived from prolonged wearing. In this study, we developed FlexiPalm, a hand‐targeted auxiliary personal protective equipment (PPE) against fomite transmission of viruses. FlexiPalm is a unique palmar‐side hand protector designed to be skin‐conforming and transparent, fabricated from medical‐grade polyurethane transparent film material as a base substrate. It serves primarily as a barrier to microbial contamination like conventional gloves, but with augmented comfort and inconspicuousness to encourage a higher public adoption rate. Compared to conventional glove materials, FlexiPalm demonstrated enhanced mechanical durability and breathability, comparable hydrophobicity, and displayed a minimal adsorption of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and virus‐like particles (VLP). Importantly, FlexiPalm was found to bind significantly less viral protein and VLP than artificial human skin, confirming its ability to reduce viral contamination. A pilot study involving participants completing activities of daily living showed a high level of comfort and task completion, illustrating the usability and functionality of FlexiPalm. Moreover, we have demonstrated that surface modification of FlexiPalm with microtextures enables further reduction in viral adsorption, thereby enhancing its functionality. An effective implementation of FlexiPalm will bolster PPE sustainability and lead to a paradigm shift in the global management of COVID‐19 and other infectious diseases in general.
Application of photoacoustic computed tomography in biomedical imaging: A literature review
Authors: Gu Yanru , Sun Yuanyuan , Wang Xiao , Li Hongyu , Qiu Jianfeng , Lu Weizhao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a hybrid imaging modality that combines optical excitation and acoustic detection techniques. It obtains high‐resolution deep‐tissue images based on the deep penetration of light, the anisotropy of light absorption in objects, and the photoacoustic effect. Hence, PACT shows great potential in biomedical sample imaging. Recently, due to its advantages of high sensitivity to optical absorption and wide scalability of spatial resolution with the desired imaging depth, PACT has received increasing attention in preclinical and clinical practice. To date, there has been a proliferation of PACT systems designed for specific biomedical imaging applications, from small animals to human organs, from ex vivo to in vivo real‐time imaging, and from simple structural imaging to functional and molecular imaging with external contrast agents. Therefore, it is of great importance to summarize the previous applications of PACT systems in biomedical imaging and clinical practice. In this review, we searched for studies related to PACT imaging of biomedical tissues and samples over the past two decades; divided the studies into two categories, PACT imaging of preclinical animals and PACT imaging of human organs and body parts; and discussed the significance of the studies. Finally, we pointed out the future directions of PACT in biomedical applications. With the development of exogenous contrast agents and advances of imaging technique, in the future, PACT will enable biomedical imaging from organs to whole bodies, from superficial vasculature to internal organs, from anatomy to functions, and will play an increasingly important role in biomedical research and clinical practice.
Intracellular Protein Photoactivation Using Sterically Bulky Caging
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Yamamoto Kazuho , Yamamoto Ryotaro , Takamori Satoshi , Ishiwatari Akira , Minamihata Kosuke , Nagamune Teruyuki , Okamoto Akimitsu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMethods for intracellular protein photoactivation have been studied to elucidate the spatial and temporal roles of proteins of interest. In this study, an intracellular protein photoactivation method was developed using sterically bulky caging. The protein of interest was modified with biotin via a photocleavable linker, and then conjugated with streptavidin to sterically block the protein surface for inactivation. The caged protein was transduced into cells and reactivated by light‐induced degradation of the conjugates. A cytotoxic protein, saporin, was caged and photoactivated both in vitro and in living cells with this method. This method achieved control of the cytotoxic activity in an off‐on manner, introducing cell death selectively at the designed location using light. This simple and versatile photoactivation method is a promising tool for studying spatio‐temporal cellular events that are related to intracellular proteins of interest.
Ricolinostat suppresses proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and enhances the antiproliferative activity of topoisomerase inhibitors in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Kaur Sumeet , Rajoria Prerna , Chopra Madhu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRicolinostat has been found to exhibit anticancer effects alone and in combination with various chemotherapeutic drugs in several cancer types. However, to the best of our knowledge, the efficacy of ricolinostat in cervical cancer is still not investigated. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of ricolinostat in cervical cancer alone and in combination with topoisomerase inhibitors. The effect of ricolinostat on cervical cancer cells was assessed using MTT, cell‐cycle arrest, Annexin V/PI staining assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and western blot analysis. The antiproliferative effect of ricolinostat in combination with topoisomerase inhibitors was assessed using the MTT assay and synergism was computed using “CompuSyn” software. We found that ricolinostat inhibited proliferation, and induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. We further found that ricolinostat treatment resulted in increased ROS production, decreased Bcl‐xL expression, and induced p21 expression. We also investigated the effect of ricolinostat in combination with topotecan and etoposide in cervical cancer cells. Ricolinostat was found to significantly enhance the antiproliferative activity of both, topotecan and etoposide, in cervical cancer cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. In conclusion, our study showed that ricolinostat suppressed proliferation by inducing G2/M phase arrest and promoted apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, indicating that ricolinostat may be a promising antitumor agent in cervical cancer. Also, ricolinostat and topotecan/etoposide combination are synergistic in cervical cancer cells.
Variation of glucose time in range in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hansen Klavs Würgler , Bibby Bo Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was to assess the variation of glucose time in range (TIR) for persons with type 1 diabetes who perform intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM).MethodsGlucose data for 8 weeks were analysed for 166 persons. TIR was calculated over four consecutive 2 weeks periods. Sixty‐one of the persons had two downloads with an interval of >3 months.ResultsA total of 140 individuals (84%) used multiple daily injection, and 26 (16%) used continuous insulin infusion. The within‐individual standard deviation (SD) for TIR was 6.3% corresponding to 95% limits of agreement for the difference between two TIR values of ±17.6%. Mean TIR calculated from the first and last 2 weeks was 52.2 ± 17.1% and 53.7 ± 16.4%, respectively (difference 1.5%, SD of the difference 10.4%, p = .07). For persons with two downloads separated by months, the SD of the difference in TIR was 12.6%.ConclusionsThe 95% limit of agreement for TIR is vast for persons using isCGM. It is difficult to draw firm conclusions regarding systematic differences when individual TIR from 2 weeks are compared. This may not be valid for users of insulin pumps with closed‐loop insulin delivery.
Copper‐Mediated Intramolecular Amidation/C−N‐Coupling Cascade Sequence: Straightforward One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Aryl γ‐ and δ‐Lactams by Using Amino Acids as Precursors
Authors: Chowdhury Sushobhan , Chauhan Gunjan , Kumar Ajay , Chaturvedi Bipin , Behera Chinmaya 
Published: September 2022

Abstractγ‐And δ‐lactams are important structural motifs present in a wide range of natural products, biologically active molecules, and functional materials. In this work, we disclose an operationally simple, one‐pot, straightforward synthesis of N‐aryl γ‐ and δ‐lactams through a copper‐mediated cascade intramolecular amidation/C−N‐coupling sequence. Starting from the readily available, cheap γ‐/δ‐amino acids and aryl halides, a variety of N‐aryl γ‐ and δ‐lactams have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yields under external ligand or additive‐free aerial conditions.
A deep learning approach for classification of COVID and pneumonia using DenseNet‐201
Authors: Sanghvi Harshal A. , Patel Riki H. , Agarwal Ankur , Gupta Shailesh , Sawhney Vivek , Pandya Abhijit S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, our model consists of deep learning approach: DenseNet201 for detection of COVID and Pneumonia using the Chest X‐ray Images. The model is a framework consisting of the modeling software which assists in Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Compliance which protects and secures the Protected Health Information . The need of the proposed framework in medical facilities shall give the feedback to the radiologist for detecting COVID and pneumonia though the transfer learning methods. A Graphical User Interface tool allows the technician to upload the chest X‐ray Image. The software then uploads chest X‐ray radiograph (CXR) to the developed detection model for the detection. Once the radiographs are processed, the radiologist shall receive the Classification of the disease which further aids them to verify the similar CXR Images and draw the conclusion. Our model consists of the dataset from Kaggle and if we observe the results, we get an accuracy of 99.1%, sensitivity of 98.5%, and specificity of 98.95%. The proposed Bio‐Medical Innovation is a user‐ready framework which assists the medical providers in providing the patients with the best‐suited medication regimen by looking into the previous CXR Images and confirming the results. There is a motivation to design more such applications for Medical Image Analysis in the future to serve the community and improve the patient care.
Reliability and Value of 3D Sequential QUantitative T1‐T2‐T2* MAppings (SQUMA) MR Multi‐Parametric Imaging in Characterizing Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis
Authors: Qiao Huiyu , Yang Qiansu , Huo Ran , Han Hualu , Ning Zihan , Shen Rui , Song Xiaowei , Chen Huijun , Chen Shuo , Zhao Xihai 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundT1, T2, and T2* mappings are seldom performed in a single examination, and their values in evaluating symptomatic atherosclerosis are lacking.PurposeTo perform three‐dimensional (3D) quantitative T1, T2, and T2* mappings (SQUMA) multi‐parametric imaging for carotid vessel wall and evaluate its reliability and value in assessing carotid atherosclerosis.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsEight healthy subjects and 20 patients with symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis.Field Strength/Sequence3 T, SQUMA imaging T1‐, T2‐, and T2*‐mapping, multi‐contrast vessel wall imaging including T1‐ and T2‐weighted, time‐of‐flight, and SNAP sequences.AssessmentSQUMA was acquired in all subjects and multi‐contrast images were acquired in healthy subjects. T1, T2, and T2* values and lumen area (LA), wall area (WA), mean wall thickness (MeanWT), and normalized wall index (NWI) of carotid arteries were measured. SQUMA and multi‐contrast measurements were compared in healthy subjects and differences in SQUMA measurements between healthy subjects and patients were assessed. The discriminative value of SQUMA measurements for symptomatic vessel was determined.Statistical TestsPaired t or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, independent t or Mann–Whitney U test, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland–Altman plots. Statistically significant level, P < 0.05.ResultsThere were no significant differences in LA (P = 0.340), WA (P = 0.317), MeanWT (P = 0.088), and NWI (P = 0.091) of carotid arteries between SQUMA and multi‐contrast vessel wall images. The values of T2 (50.9 ± 2.9 msec vs. 44.5 ± 4.2 msec), T2* (28.2 ± 4.3 msec vs. 24.7 ± 2.6 msec), WA (23.7 ± 4.6 mm2 vs. 36.2 ± 7.7 mm2), MeanWT (0.99 ± 0.05 mm vs. 1.50 ± 0.28 mm), and NWI (40.7 ± 3.0% vs. 53.8 ± 5.4%) of carotid arteries in healthy subjects were significantly different from those in atherosclerotic patients. The combination of quantitative T1, T2, and T2* values and MeanWT showed greatest AUC (0.81; 95% CI: 0.65–0.92) in discriminating symptomatic vessels.Data ConclusionCarotid MR 3D quantitative multi‐parametric imaging of SQUMA enables acquisition of T1, T2, and T2* maps, reliably measuring carotid morphology and discriminating carotid symptomatic atherosclerosis.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Technical aspects of flap fixation after mastectomy for breast cancer: Guidelines for improving seroma‐related outcome
Authors: Spiekerman van Weezelenburg Merel A. , Aldenhoven Loeki , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Beets Geerard L. , van Bastelaar James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have identified the added value of flap fixation in reducing seroma formation and its sequelae after mastectomy. The seroma reduction after mastectomy (SAM)‐trial proved that sutures were superior to tissue glue. In this article, we will elaborate on the results of the SAM‐trial to provide a clear surgical guideline.MethodsAll patients in the suture flap fixation cohort from the SAM‐trial were analyzed if details regarding flap fixation were available. The most optimal number of sutures was determined using a receiving operator characteristics curve. The incidence of seroma formation between patients receiving the most optimal number of sutures and patients receiving fewer sutures was compared.ResultsThe most optimal number of sutures proved to be 15. Patients with ≥15 sutures had a lower incidence of seroma formation at every time frame during follow‐up. There was a significant difference at 6 weeks (odds ratio [OR]: 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–8.56), 3 months (OR: 4.62, 95% CI: 1.34–12.92), and 1 year postoperatively (OR: 20.48, 95% CI: 2.18–192.22). Ten days and 6 months postoperatively did not differ significantly.ConclusionsFlap fixation in general, but also the surgical technique influences the incidence of seroma formation after mastectomy. Results suggest a minimum of 15 sutures, spaced approximately 3.7 cm apart.
Ultrasound‐guided lymphaticovenous anastomosis without indocyanine green lymphography mapping: A preliminary report
Authors: Hara Hisako , Mihara Makoto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is the standard preoperative examination for lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA), it cannot be performed in patients allergic to ICG. This report aimed to clarify the effects of LVA with lymphatic ultrasound and without ICG lymphography.MethodLymphatic ultrasound was performed preoperatively on six limbs of four patients with lower limb lymphedema who were allergic to ICG to detect the lymphatic vessels. All patients were women and had secondary lymphedema after uterine cancer treatment, with a mean age of 57.0 years (range; 47–68 years). The severity of lymphedema was stage 2a in two limbs, stage 2b in three limbs, and stage 3 in one limb. During the preoperative lymphatic ultrasound, we searched for the dilated lymphatic vessels in the saphenous, lateral calf, and lateral thigh lymphosomes. The incision sites were determined based on the ultrasonographic findings, and LVA was performed under local anesthesia. The surgical results were evaluated based on the limb volume calculated from the circumferences.ResultTotally, 13 skin incisions were made, and the lymphatic vessels consistent with the ultrasonographic findings were found in all locations. The mean number of the lymphatic vessels anastomosed per limb was 2.2 (range; 1–4). The mean diameter of the lymphatic vessel was 0.69 mm (range; 0.3–1.0 mm). No complications were observed in the perioperative period. The mean follow‐up period was 386.8 days. The mean preoperative and postoperative limb volumes were 5468 ml (range; 4552–6378 ml) and 5027.4 ml (range; 4353–5561 ml). Limb volume decreased in all six limbs.ConclusionThe effectiveness of performing LVA by identifying the lymphatic vessels using lymphatic ultrasound was demonstrated. More medical institutions will be able to perform LVA in the future, even without ICG devices.
Ultrasound‐guided‐electromyography in plegic muscle: Usefulness of nerve stimulation
Authors: Padua Luca , Fusco Augusto , Erra Carmen , Giovannini Silvia , Maccauro Giulio , Hobson‐Webb Lisa D. , Bernabei Roberto 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsIn traumatic nerve lesions (TNLs), motor unit potentials (MUPs) may be difficult to detect in early injury. Ultrasound‐guided electromyography (US‐EMG) can aid in identifying areas of muscle activation, but its sensitivity can be improved. In this study we compare the sensitivity of US‐EMG alone with US‐EMG after peripheral nerve stimulation (NC‐US‐EMG) to better identify active muscle regions.MethodsIn this prospective study, 32 patients with severe TNLs were evaluated with standard EMG (ST‐EMG), US‐EMG, and NC‐US‐EMG at baseline (T0), after 2 to 3 months (T1), and after 5 to 6 months (T2).ResultsNC‐US‐EMG was more sensitive in detecting MUPs compared with US‐EMG and ST‐EMG at T0 (19 patients vs 14 and 5 patients, respectively). In addition, both US‐guided techniques were more sensitive than ST‐EMG in detecting MUPs (ST‐EMG vs US‐EMG: P = .014; ST‐EMG vs NC‐US‐EMG: P = .003). At T1, ST‐EMG remained less sensitive NC‐US‐EMG (P = .019). No significant differences were observed among the three techniques at T2.DiscussionIn the evaluation of severe TNLs, the combination of peripheral nerve stimulation and US increases the sensitivity of EMG for MUP detection at baseline and 2 to 3 months postinjury.