bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Difference in Personality and Self-esteem of Mono/bilinguistic and Multilinguistic Individuals
Authors: Baruah Primli 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the advancements in technology and opening borders to globalization, the world has joined hands to come together for trade, marketing, development and peace. This has led to an increase of multi linguistic people who learn more than two languages to work effectively at different locations and for other reasons. Though there is an open world, many individuals only learn upto one or two languages in the process of their development. It has been found in previous research that multilingualism has had many positive impacts, the literature to that is still limited; it has not been verified over different populations and cultures. To compare Mono/bilinguistic individuals to Multilinguistic in terms of their Personality and Self Esteem a total of 60 participants (N=60, 30 Mono/bilinguistic and 30= Multilinguistic) were included in the study. Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES) and Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) were used to collect data. Non-random purposive sampling was used, and the data was compared using a Descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test. There was no statistically significant difference found in the two groups. There was no direct evidence of multilinguistic people having measurable higher attributes than the other group.
Helping agents to enter and exploit artificial institutions
Authors: Cunha Rafhael , Hübner Jomi , de Brito Maiquel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we are considering agents that act to satisfy their interests in systems composed of institutions. These institutions are unknown to the agents at design time and are endowed with actions (called institutional actions) with functions that bring consequences in the environment that match the interests of the agents. However, existing models of artificial institutions do not make these consequences explicit. Agents need to know the institutions and the consequences of carrying out institutional actions before acting in the systems. Considering this problem, this paper proposes to instrument institutions with a purpose model that makes the environmental consequences of carrying out institutional actions explicit. In addition, the paper also presents some algorithms that agents can use to consider this information in their reasoning and deliberation process. The model is presented, discussed and implemented using the JaCaMo framework, highlighting its advantages for agents when reasoning about the consequences of their actions both in the institution and in the environment.
PSnpBind-ML: predicting the effect of binding site mutations on protein-ligand binding affinity
Authors: Ammar Ammar , Cavill Rachel , Evelo Chris , Willighagen Egon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Protein mutations, especially those which occur in the binding site, play an important role in inter-individual drug response and may alter binding affinity and thus impact the drug's efficacy and side effects. Unfortunately, large-scale experimental screening of ligand-binding against protein variants is still time-consuming and expensive. Alternatively, in silico approaches can play a role in guiding those experiments. Methods ranging from computationally cheaper machine learning (ML) to the more expensive molecular dynamics have been applied to accurately predict the mutation effects. However, these effects have been mostly studied on limited and small datasets, while ideally a large dataset of binding affinity changes due to binding site mutations is needed. In this work, we used the PSnpBind database with six hundred thousand docking experiments to train a machine learning model predicting protein-ligand binding affinity and the effect of binding site single-point mutations on it. A numerical representation of the protein, binding site, mutation, and ligand information was encoded using 256 features among which about half of which were manually selected based on domain knowledge. A machine learning approach composed of two regression models is proposed, the first predicting wild-type protein-ligand binding affinity while the second predicting the mutated protein-ligand binding affinity. The best performance model reported an RMSE value within 0.5-0.6~kcal/mol\textsuperscript{-1} on an independent test set with an R\textsuperscript{2} value of 0.87-0.90. We report an improvement in the prediction performance compared to several reported models developed for protein-ligand binding affinity prediction. The obtained models can be used as a complementary method in early-stage drug discovery. They can be applied to rapidly obtain a better overview of the ligand binding affinity changes across protein variants carried by people in the population and narrow down the search space where more time-demanding methods can be used to identify potential leads that achieve a better affinity for all protein variants.
Sea ice and argon
Authors: Hambler Clive 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
1) Atmospheric argon on Earth and Mars cycles on a seasonal basis and abiotic factors will be particularly important drivers of this noble gas.
2) It is predicted and confirmed that there is similarity in the seasonality of sea ice and argon, with atmospheric argon in a Hemisphere often increasing fastest when sea ice in that Hemisphere is declining fastest.
3) There is some visual similarity between the detailed phenology of Greenland Sea ice extent and argon in some Northern Hemisphere sites, but formal analysis is required.
4) If causal, the mechanism is unclear but could involve argon bubble formation during freezing and bubble release in the spring melt.
5) Other variables with very similar phenology to sea ice, including high-latitude sea temperatures, should be investigated as potential drivers.
6) Cycling of argon by sea ice would strengthen the argument that seasonal cycling of carbon dioxide is in part driven abiotically.
Metagenomics analysis on the microbiota of chicken manure anaerobic digestion materials in biogas production
Authors: Lam Tze-Kang , Yu Chang-Ping , Wu Shih-Hsiung 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Identifying the microbial composition in the evaluation of the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion for complex systems still poses a challenge with regard to the first three phases (hydrolysis, acidogenesis and acetogenesis). These phases are crucial in creating substrates for the methanogens to take in, which will affect biogas production. In this study, the microbial composition of the various chambers in the anaerobic digestion of chicken manure was investigated. The optimal living conditions of the microorganisms in the chambers corresponds well with their respective operating conditions (aerobic hydrolysis chamber to anaerobic digester chambers). Diversity of the microbial community for chicken manure was relatively simpler, consisting of mainly the genus of Lactobacillus compared to the main digestion chambers of a more complex community containing more class of Clostridia. This change in microbial diversity composition indicates on the amount and degree of anaerobic digestion occurring (chicken manure only has hydrolysis phase occurring while the main digesters has the first three phases of anaerobic digestion (hydrolysis, acidogenesis and acetogenesis) occurring). A comparison of the metagenomics vs metaproteomics mode of analysis revealed that the bacterial compositions between these two modes of analysis were quite comparable, with the main difference being the quantity of unclassified microorganisms each due to different database and techniques used. The quantity of volatile fatty acids detected in each respective chamber suggested the effectiveness of the microorganisms in assimilating the metabolites for their growth. Successful integration of these study modes would present a better understanding of the anaerobic digestion of complex systems.
Accordinğ To The Quran Unbelief From The Sense And Talents of The Heart
Authors: TEBER Hatice 
Published: October 2022

Kur’ân-ı Kerim’in beyan buyurduğuna göre insan, hem iyiliğe hem de kötülüğe kabiliyetli bir varlık olarak yaratılmıştır. Ne var ki lütuf ve keremi sonsuz olan Allah, insanı bu iki zıt kabiliyeti arasında şaşkın ve perişan bırakmamış, ona “akıl” gibi temyiz edici bir kuvvet vermiştir. Cenab-ı Hak Yüce Kitab’ında insanı, önüne İlâhi gerçekleri sere¬rek, devamlı aklını kullanmaya çağırmaktadır. Allah tarafından aklım kullanmayanlar zemmedilirken, akıl sahipleri yani kendilerine verilen akıl nimetini gerçek anlamda kullananlar da övülmektedirler. Kur’ân-ı Kerim’de insanları akletmeye yönelten ayetler olduğu gibi, akletme işini kalbin yaptığım, iman ve imansızlıkların kalpten çıktığım belirten ayetlerde pek çoktur. Çünkü kalp, insanı gerçek bil-giye götüren bir kaynaktır. İman, küfür, hasenat, seyyiat onun fiili erindendir. Bu yüzden kalp insanın özü ve günahın gerçek mahallidir. Bütün duyu¬lar, kalbin hizmetçileri durumundadır.
Kur’ân’da duyular ile anlamanın, akletmenin merkezi sayılan kalp arasında çok sıkı bağlar vardır. Bu sebeple Kur’ân’da duyuları olmayanın düşünemeyeceği ve kendilerine duyular verilen insanların da niçin düşünemedikleri her zaman sorgulanmıştır. sâlim düşünebilmek için duyulardan istifade edil¬mesi gerektiği ifade edildiği gibi, duyular ve kalbin görevlerini yap-madıklarından, yani anlayıp akletmediklerinden de söz edilir. Gerçekte sağır ve dilsiz olmayan insanlar sağır ve dilsiz olarak vasıflandırılırlar.
White Matter Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease: Contribution of Oligodendrocytes
Authors: Zhou Jinyu , Zhang Peng , Zhang Bo , Kong Yuhan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease seriously influencing
the quality of life and is a global health problem. Many factors affect the onset and development of
AD, but specific mechanisms underlying the disease are unclear. Most studies investigating AD have
focused on neurons and the gray matter in the central nervous system (CNS) but have not led to effective
treatments. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on white matter (WM). Magnetic
resonance imaging and pathology studies have shown different degrees of WM abnormality during
the progression of AD. Myelin sheaths, the main component of WM in the CNS, wrap and insulate
axons to ensure conduction of the rapid action potential and axonal integrity. WM damage is characterized
by progressive degeneration of axons, oligodendrocytes (OLs), and myelin in one or more areas of
the CNS. The contributions of OLs to AD progression have, until recently, been largely overlooked.
OLs are integral to myelin production, and the proliferation and differentiation of OLs, an early characteristic
of AD, provide a promising target for preclinical diagnosis and treatment. However, despite
some progress, the key mechanisms underlying the contributions of OLs to AD remain unclear. Given
the heavy burden of medical treatment, a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms
underlying AD is vital. This review comprehensively summarizes the results on WM abnormalities in
AD and explores the relationship between OL progenitor cells and the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, the
underlying molecular mechanisms and potential future research directions are discussed.
How Medium Affects the Activity and Stereopreference of Thermoanaerobacter
ethanolicus Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase Catalyzed Reduction
of Ketones
Authors: Karume Ibrahim , Bbumba Simon , Tewolde Simon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
The activity and selectivity of W110G Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol
dehydrogenase were altered by cosubstrate and cosolvent at varying temperatures. A sharp drop in the
enantiomeric excess (ee) was observed at 60 oC in the first 3 h, suggesting increased selectivity mistakes
in the reduction of 4-phenyl-2-butanone to the expected (S)-4-phenyl-2-butanol using 5% v/v of
2-propanol as a cosubstrate. The ee increased exponentially with cosubstrate concentration, reaching
≥94% with 30-70% v/v 2-propanol. However, a decrease in enzyme activity was noticed at ≥30% v/v
2-propanol by a sharp drop in conversion. The lowest ee (<3%) was registered using 5% v/v 2-
propanol at 30-40 oC, which prolonged enzyme life that allowed reversible redox reaction with selectivity
mistakes to give the R-alcohol compared to ≥18% ee at 50-60 oC, where faster reaction rates
promoted selectivity mistake, but enzyme life was shortened by protein denaturation at the elevated
temperatures. Water-miscible and immiscible organic cosolvents (25% v/v) increased enzyme selectivity.
For methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and tert-butanol, the activity/conversion decreased with
an increase in pKa and log P while the stereoselectivity/ee increased.
Extraction and Quantification of Words Representing Degrees of Diseases: Combining the Fuzzy C-Means Method and Gaussian Membership
Authors: Han Feng , Zhang ZiHeng , Zhang Hongjian , Nakaya Jun , Kudo Kohsuke , Ogasawara Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2022

Background
Due to the development of medical data, a large amount of clinical data has been generated. These unstructured data contain substantial information. Extracting useful knowledge from this data and making scientific decisions for diagnosing and treating diseases have become increasingly necessary. Unstructured data, such as in the Marketplace for Medical Information in Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) data set, contain several ambiguous words that demonstrate the subjectivity of doctors, such as descriptions of patient symptoms. These data could be used to further improve the accuracy of medical diagnostic system assessments. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no method for extracting subjective words that express the extent of these symptoms (hereinafter, “degree words”).

Objective
Therefore, we propose using the fuzzy c-means (FCM) method and Gaussian membership to quantify the degree words in the clinical medical data set MIMIC-III.

Methods
First, we preprocessed the 381,091 radiology reports collected in MIMIC-III, and then we used the FCM method to extract degree words from unstructured text. Thereafter, we used the Gaussian membership method to quantify the extracted degree words, which transform the fuzzy words extracted from the medical text into computer-recognizable numbers.

Results
The results showed that the digitization of ambiguous words in medical texts is feasible. The words representing each degree of each disease had a range of corresponding values. Examples of membership medians were 2.971 (atelectasis), 3.121 (pneumonia), 2.899 (pneumothorax), 3.051 (pulmonary edema), and 2.435 (pulmonary embolus). Additionally, all extracted words contained the same subjective words (low, high, etc), which allows for an objective evaluation method. Furthermore, we will verify the specific impact of the quantification results of ambiguous words such as symptom words and degree words on the use of medical texts in subsequent studies. These same ambiguous words may be used as a new set of feature values to represent the disorders.

Conclusions
This study proposes an innovative method for handling subjective words. We used the FCM method to extract the subjective degree words in the English-interpreted report of the MIMIC-III and then used the Gaussian functions to quantify the subjective degree words. In this method, words containing subjectivity in unstructured texts can be automatically processed and transformed into numerical ranges by digital processing. It was concluded that the digitization of ambiguous words in medical texts is feasible.
Gambaran faktor lingkungan fisik wilayah kerawanan malaria di kabupaten buol
Authors: Ichsan Ichsan 
Published: October 2022

Latar Belakang :Malaria adalah penyebab kematian nomor 4 di dunia setelah infeksi pernapasan, HIV/AIDS dan diare. Hasil laporan WHO dalam World Malaria Report tahun 2014 memberikan laporan bahwa terjadi 198 juta kasus malaria terjadi pada 97 negara yang ada di dunia dan dilaporkan 584.000 kematian terjadi setiap tahunnya. Malaria erat kaitannya dengan faktor–faktor lingkungan, seperti geofisik, biogeografik, klimatologik sampai pada faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan agen penyebab penyakit, manusia dan nyamuk vektornya. Perbedaan kondisi lingkungan di tiap wilayah menyebabkan penyebaran penyakit malaria pun berbeda. Kabupaten Buol merupakan salah satu daerah di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah yang memiliki kasus kejadian malaria yang masih tinggi pada beberapa wilayahnya (API > 5/1000 penduduk). Kegiatan eliminasi dan pengawasan malaria secara terestial dalam wilayah yang luas membutuhkan banyak biaya, tenaga dan waktu. Pengaruh subjektifitas dalam hasil pengawasan merupakan masalah lain pada aplikasi metode konvensional dari pengawasan vektor dan penyakit yang umumnya bersifat manual. Masalah teknis ini perlu diatasi dengan metode atau alat alternatif yang objektif, efisien dan efektif baik dalam pemetaan, pemantauan/monitoring maupun prediksi untuk wilayah rawan malaria.
Analisis aturan asosiasi hasil pengobatan tuberkulosis di provinsi sulawesi selatan
Authors: Anwar Sri Rizky Wahyuni 
Published: October 2022

Latar Belakang : Sistem TB-03 elektronik merupakan sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan yang merekap data penderita TB. Namun, data yang tersedia pada sistem sering kurang dimanfaatkan, atau tidak digunakan sama sekali. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkannya analisis proses pencarian informasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menggali potensi-potensi informasi yang ada dari penyimpanan data terutama untuk menemukan suatu pola hubungan antar data sehingga dapat diketahui pola hubungan pada hasil pengobatan TB.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mencari aturan asosiasi hasil pengobatan di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dengan menggunakan teknik association rule.Metode Penelitian: Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah observasional deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data register TB-03 pasien TB di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan tahun 2011-2013. Aturan asosiasi pada penderita TB dapat memberikan pengetahuan mengenai karakteristik pada setiap hasil pengobatan yang dimiliki.Hasil : Sebagian besar hasil pengobatan yang diperoleh penderita TB adalah sembuh. Aturan asosiasi menunjukkan bahwa tipe pasien merupakan pasien baru, klasifikasi TB adalah TB Paru, hasil pemeriksaan dahak awal positif, dan waktu konversi pada 2 bulan masa pengobatan berhubungan dengan hasil pengobatan sembuh. Tipe pasien merupakan pasien baru dan klasifikasi TB adalah TB Paru maka hasil pengobatan lengkap. Tipe pasien adalah pasien baru, klasifikasi TB adalah TB Paru, hasil pemeriksaan dahak awal adalah positif, tidak mengalami konversi pada masa pengobatan, dan bertempat tinggal di perdesaan berhubungan dengan hasil pengobatan meninggal. Tipe pasien adalah pasien baru, klasifikasi TB adalah TB Paru, hasil pemeriksaan dahak awal adalah positif, dan bertempat tinggal di perkotaan berhubungan dengan hasil pengobatan default. Klasifikasi TB adalah TB Paru, hasil pemeriksaan dahak awal adalah positif, dan bertempat tinggal di perkotaan berhubungan dengan hasil pengobatan pindah. Pola pengelompokan (clustering) data register TB menunjukkan bahwa hasil pengobatan pada penderita TB cenderung sembuh dan lengkap.Kesimpulan : Aturan asosiasi dan pengelompokan pada penderita dapat memberikan pengetahuan mengenai karakteristik pada setiap hasil pengobatan yang dimiliki. Dengan memanfaatkan karakteristik tersebut, dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan untuk menetapkan prioritas-prioritas dalam manajemen pengobatan TB selanjutnya sehingga hasil pengobatan dapat maksimal. Selain itu, teknik data mining dapat digunakan sebagai teknik analisis data register TB.
Producción de libros académicos en Colombia entre 2013 y 2019: un avance para estudios comparados
Authors: Giraldo-González Esteban , Giménez-Toledo Elea , Córdoba-Restrepo Juan Felipe 
Published: October 2022

El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar la producción de libros académicos en Colombia entre 2013 y 2019. Para hacerlo, toma como fuente la base de datos de ISBN gestionada por la Cámara Colombiana del Libro y selecciona dentro del universo editorial general, a través de materias, la producción propiamente académica. Así, con la información exigida por la organización gremial del libro en el país y suministrada por los mismos editores, se presentan criterios que permiten caracterizar la producción de libros académicos en Colombia dentro del periodo Es la primera caracterización de este tipo que se hace en el país. Resulta llamativo que, según la metodología utilizada, el grupo de libros académicos constituya el 67% de la producción total de libros registrada. Las materias en las que más se publican libros académicos son Sociología con el 15%, Economía con el 12% y Derecho con el 10%. Con respecto al origen de las publicaciones, se debe reconocer el papel fundamental que juegan las editoriales universitarias. El grupo de libros académicos es además analizado por si se trata o no de traducciones. Este aporte es el piloto para consolidar los criterios para hacer posibles estudios comparados de la producción de libros académicos en países de habla española y portuguesa.
Evaluation of immunohistochemically expression of GLUT-1 in benign proliferative, hyperplastic endometrium and endometriosis adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jaleel Marwa Abdul Razak , Ejam Sura Salman , Al-Shaikh Suhaila Fadhil 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the GLUT-1 expression in benign proliferative, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrial tissues, to evaluate the usefulness of GLUT-1 expression in endometrial hyperplasia, and to determine its role in the neoplastic progression to endometrioid type adenocarcinoma. We also aimed to analyze some prognostic clinical parameters (age, stage, grade).
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on paraffin embedded surgical specimens of endometrial tissue. Applying the immune histochemical techniques by using the GLUT-1 as a primary antibody, statistical analysis was done and the correlation with different clinical and pathological parameters were assessed.
Results: 98 cases of endomertial tissue, 17.4% disordered proliferative endometrium, 22.4% endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 18.4% endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, 41.8% endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 56.1% were GLUT-1 positive. Significant correlation was found between GLUT-1 expression and increasing degree of atypia as it was negative in benign proliferative and hyperplasia without atypia meanwhile positive in hyperplasia with atypia and endometrioid carcinoma. Significant correlation with grade of carcinoma, patient age, no correlation was found with ovarian and cervical metastasis, no significant correlation was found with tumor stage.
Conclusions: GLUT-1 immunostaining may be useful in distinguishing hyperplasia without atypia from hyperplasia with atypia; GLUT-1 overexpression is a consistent feature of endometrioid adenocarcinoma.