bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Meso‐Substituted Heterocyclic BODIPY‐Based Polymeric Nanoparticles for Pathogen Inhibition using Photodynamic Therapy**
Authors: Kirar Seema , Reddy Yeddula Nikhileshwar , Chand Banerjee Uttam , Bhaumik Jayeeta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, a series of novel small fluorophores, meso‐substituted heterocyclic BODIPYs were designed and synthesized as phototherapeutic agents. Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes are promising chromophores and currently used as a sensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, BODIPY as an organic photosensitizer (PS), suffers from poor hydrophilicity resulting in low efficiency in biological applications. To overcome these problems, biopolymer (gelatin) based nanoparticles are developed to incorporate BODIPYs, to achieve phototherapeutic nanoagents (BODIPY‐GNPs) in the aqueous system. More importantly, BODIPY‐GNPs have better in vitro physicochemical properties in the aqueous medium than native BODIPYs. The BODIPY‐GNPs were further explored for their photo‐inhibition activity towards Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and fungi using LED as the light source. These BODIPY molecules also showed the ability to intercalate the DNA in vitro. This study provides a new avenue to design therapeutic agents for biomedical applications in photodynamic therapy.
Self‐Assembled Networks for Regulating Lithium Polysulfides in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhihua , Liu Yilin , Ni Junze , You Yingying , Cai Yingying , Zhang Hanping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInhibiting the shuttle effect caused by soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) is of importance for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Here, a strategy was developed to construct protective layers by self‐assembly networks to regulate the LiPSs. 2,5‐Dichloropyridine (25DCP) holds two kinds of functional groups. Among them, the two C−Cl bonds were nucleophilic substituted by S in LiPSs to form long chains. The pyridine N interacted with Li in other LiPSs via Li bonds to form a short chain. As a result, the long chains were cross‐linked by the short chain to form an insoluble network. The as‐prepared network covered the sulfur electrode interface to suppress the shuttle effect of the subsequently generated LiPSs. Furthermore, 25DCP improved the redox dynamics by changing the energy level and electronic structure of the sulfur species. Therefore, the Li−S batteries with 25DCP exhibited good electrochemical performance. This work provides a feasible strategy for regulating the LiPSs.
An enhanced master–slave control for accurate load sharing among parallel standalone AC microgrids
Authors: Govind D. , Suryawanshi H. M. , Nachankar P. P. , Narayana Chintalpudi L. , Singhal Ankit 
Published: September 2022

SummaryWith the advancement of power electronic converters over the last few decades, the capability to integrate solar photovoltaics, wind, diesel generators, batteries, ultracapacitor, and electric vehicles with standalone networks or utility grids has increased. For the reliable operation of standalone networks, accurate load sharing among these sources is required. As a result, several load sharing schemes with inherent merits and related demerits are presented in the literature. This work intends to address shortcomings of earlier reported control schemes with the inheritance of associated merits using the proposed control scheme. The proposed enhanced Master–Slave control, with advanced droop control scheme, is illustrated for Master voltage source inverter with resistive line impedance and improves the steady‐state response by improving voltage and frequency profile. It reduces the voltage drop caused by load effect and droop effect, allowing the voltage and frequency regulation during load changes and distinct load conditions such as balanced linear load, unbalanced linear load, and balanced nonlinear load in standalone alternating current (AC) microgrids. Furthermore, Slave voltage source inverters independently compensate for local load demand. This paper presents precise current control and voltage control design methodology and a mathematical model for voltage control and their performance analysis in time and frequency domain. Finally, the proposed enhanced Master–Slave control for accurate load sharing among parallel standalone AC microgrids validated using real‐time simulator and experimental results is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A novel scan pattern for reconfiguration of partially shaded photovoltaic arrays for maximum power extraction
Authors: Raj Rayappa David Amar , Naik Kanasottu Anil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReconfiguration plays an indispensable role in augmenting the output of the photovoltaic (PV) array under partial shading conditions. Various reconfiguration schemes have been proposed in the literature to disperse the shade in partially shaded PV arrays. Nevertheless, most of these schemes can be employed only for less‐rated arrays, are not compatible with all array sizes, fails in effective shade dispersion over the entire array, and so forth. To overcome these shortcomings, a calligraphy‐based diagonal scan pattern is proposed to reconfigure the PV array to improve the row currents of the PV array thereby reducing the mismatch between them. The superiority of the proposed scheme is examined by comparing it with conventional Series‐Parallel, Total‐Cross‐Tied, and the existing image processing based‐Chaotic Baker Map, Odd‐Even, and Odd‐Even‐Prime configurations. Besides, the system is extensively studied for various symmetrical 9 × 9, 8 × 8, 4 × 4, and unsymmetrical 8 × 6 PV arrays under 34 distinct shading cases with various performance indices. An experimental laboratory prototype model of a 4 × 4 PV array reconfiguration system is developed and studied under distinct shading conditions. Subsequently, an inclusive economic analysis is also conducted, and it is noted that there is a notable enhancement in electricity units and revenue generation by executing the proposed reconfiguration scheme.
Diet energy density estimated from isotopes in predator hair associated with survival, habitat, and population dynamics
Authors: Rode Karyn D. , Taras Brian D. , Stricker Craig A. , Atwood Todd C. , Boucher Nicole P. , Durner George M. , Derocher Andrew E. , Richardson Evan S. , Cherry Seth G. , Quakenbush Lori , Horstmann Lara , Bromaghin Jeffrey F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSea ice loss is fundamentally altering the Arctic marine environment. Yet there is a paucity of data on the adaptability of food webs to ecosystem change, including predator–prey interactions. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are an important subsistence resource for Indigenous people and an apex predator that relies entirely on the under‐ice food web to meet its energy needs. In this study, we assessed whether polar bears maintained dietary energy density by prey switching in response to spatiotemporal variation in prey availability. We compared the macronutrient composition of diets inferred from stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in polar bear guard hair (primarily representing summer/fall diet) during periods when bears had low and high survival (2004–2016), between bears that summered on land versus pack ice, and between bears occupying different regions of the Alaskan and Canadian Beaufort Sea. Polar bears consumed diets with lower energy density during periods of low survival, suggesting that concurrent increased dietary proportions of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) did not offset reduced proportions of ringed seals (Pusa hispida). Diets with the lowest energy density and proportions from ringed seal blubber were consumed by bears in the western Beaufort Sea (Alaska) during a period when polar bear abundance declined. Intake required to meet energy requirements of an average free‐ranging adult female polar bear was 2.1 kg/day on diets consumed during years with high survival but rose to 3.0 kg/day when survival was low. Although bears that summered onshore in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea had higher‐fat diets than bears that summered on the pack ice, access to the remains of subsistence‐harvested bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) contributed little to improving diet energy density. Because most bears in this region remain with the sea ice year round, prey switching and consumption of whale carcasses onshore appear insufficient to augment diets when availability of their primary prey, ringed seals, is reduced. Our results show that a strong predator–prey relationship between polar bears and ringed seals continues in the Beaufort Sea. The method of estimating dietary blubber using predator hair, demonstrated here, provides a new metric to monitor predator–prey relationships that affect individual health and population demographics.
Microbial electrosynthesis for CO2conversion and methane production: Influence of electrode geometry on biofilm development
Authors: De la Puente Celia , Carrillo‐Peña Daniela , Pelaz Guillermo , Morán Antonio , Mateos Raúl 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectromethanogenesis is a process of microbial electrosynthesis (MES) in which electroactive microorganisms reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce methane (CH4), using a cathode as an electron donor. The efficiency of this reaction is greatly determined by the establishment of a robust microbial community on the biocathodes, which eventually affects the global performance of the bioreactor. Moreover, the development of the biofilm depends on several characteristics of the electrodes, more specifically their material and geometry. Since electrode geometry is a crucial parameter, this study aims at evaluating the sole influence of the electrode shape by installing carbon‐based electrodes with two different constructions (brush and carbon felt) of biocathodes in an electromethanogenic reactor for CO2capture. The overall performance of the reactors showed coulombic efficiencies around 100%, with high‐quality biogas reaching methane concentrations above 90%. The results reveal that the electrode geometry affects the individual biocathode performance, and the carbon brush showed a bigger contribution to current generation and electrical capacitance, exhibiting higher peak hydrogen production compared to the carbon felt, which could be reflected in higher CO2capture and methane generation. Both geometries showed a greater proliferation of archaea over bacteria (between 53 and 85%), which was more significant on the brush than on the carbon felt. Archaea community was dominated byMethanobacteriumin carbon felt electrodes and codominated withMethanobrevibacterin brush electrodes, while bacteria analyses showed a very similar community for both geometries. © 2022 The Authors.Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technologypublished by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Performance evaluation index system in public hospitals: The Delphi technique in nursing
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Duo , Chen Weiwei , Yu Lan , Wu Zheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo establish a general performance evaluation index system for nursing managers in public hospitals of Wenzhou city.BackgroundHead nurses' performance plays a critical role in the development and operation of hospitals. Owing to the lack of accuracy and defects in the current evaluation system in Mainland China, there is an urgent need to develop a systematic performance evaluation index system for nursing managers.MethodsA systematic review of literature, two rounds of expert consultation using the Delphi techniques, and empirical analyses were performed. In this study, a total of 20 experts in nursing‐related fields were invited to provide reliable comments on the evaluation system. The index system was modified twice during the Delphi consultation, followed by a questionnaire (n = 113) to test the suitability of the system created for public hospitals in Wenzhou.ResultsBoth rounds of the consultation showed high response rates of 20 experts. A consensus of over 70% was reached for most indicators in the first round, while a 100% consensus was achieved for the modified index system in the second round. The results of the questionnaire for the modified index system were 100%, 98.23%, 100%, 96.46%, and 93.80% in terms of scientificity, public welfare, importance, measurability, and feasibility, respectively.ConclusionA suitable index system with 4 first‐level indicators, 10 second‐level indicators, and 37 third‐level indicators was generated to assess head nurses' performance in public hospitals, thereby enhancing their cohesion and competitiveness.Implications for Nursing ManagementThe modified performance evaluation index system serves as the cornerstone for the successful development of public hospitals and the provision of high‐quality services for patients.
Characterization of seasonal groundwater origin and evolution processes in a geologically heterogeneous catchment using geophysical, isotopic and hydro‐chemical techniques (Lough Gur, Ireland)
Authors: O'Connell David W. , Rocha Carlos , Daly Eve , Carrey Raul , Marchesi Massimo , Caschetto Mariachiara , Ansems Nienke , Wilson Jean , Hickey Caoimhe , Gill Laurence W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLough Gur is a shallow groundwater fed eutrophic lake situated within a small agricultural catchment containing volcanic and karst rock features in mid‐west Ireland. Seasonally active conduits linking two spring discharge locations from the lake under high flow conditions were revealed using dye tracing and a terrestrial geophysical survey, highlighting the architecture of the conduit flow path from Lough Gur to its discharge spring. A radon survey combined with a lake geophysical survey identified the locations of in‐lake discharge springs and thickness of the lakebed sediments. Falling head hydraulic characterization experiments illustrated the heterogenous nature of lakebed sediments and hydrograph analysis coupled with stable isotopes of water (δ18O andδ2H) revealed significant surface water ‐ groundwater interaction during high flow periods. Significantly,δ18O andδ2H signatures plot above the global meteoric water line and local meteoric water line indicating hydration of silicate minerals and direct isotope exchange ofδ18O between water and rock minerals. Groundwaterδ18O andδ2H signatures during low flow periods indicate that recharge sources are influenced by enriched surface waters and precipitation while a wider range of signatures during high flow periods indicates a greater variation of sources. D‐excess signatures illustrate rapid rainfall infiltration under high flow conditions, thereby demonstrating the vulnerability of the groundwater, while lake water signatures confirm widespread surface water‐groundwater interaction/mixing. Hydrochemical analyses confirm both silicate weathering and carbonate dissolution as primary geochemical processes with Mg/Ca ratios suggesting greater groundwater residence time during low flow periods. Correlations betweenδ13CDICand dissolved organic carbon suggest a seasonal switch in the source of DIC to groundwaters between the oxidation of organic matter in summer and dissolution of carbonate minerals in winter. The SI saturation index for calcite (SIC) illustrates calcium carbonate precipitation along with CO2evasion to be a perennial processes. Finally, the spatial variation for nitrate isotopic signatures (δ18ONO3‐andδ15NNO3‐) suggests a number of nitrate sources to groundwaters including soil organic nitrogen, manure and/or domestic effluent with indications of denitrification processes under low flow conditions.
Riparian zone as a variable source area for the estimation of evapotranspiration through the analysis of daily fluctuations in streamflow
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad Waqas , Campbell David I. , Shokri Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEvapotranspiration is a critical component of the water balance of a catchment, and riparian zones play a crucial role in the hydrological process. However, the influence of riparian zones on evapotranspiration, especially at a catchment scale, needs more investigation. Since evapotranspiration is negligible at night, the difference in recharge between day and night generates diurnal fluctuations in streamflows. A new method is developed to estimate riparian evapotranspiration by analysing the streamflow response to diurnal evapotranspiration. The potential evapotranspiration (PET) calculated by FAO‐56 is used as a true reference for validation. The estimated evapotranspiration shows acceptable goodness of fit with the hourly PET calculated from FAO 56. However, the new approach estimates average evapotranspiration across the entire riparian area than a point observation and provides a better understanding of the impact of the riparian zone on streamflow patterns.
Patient‐derived tumor organoids predict responses to irinotecan‐based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Lv Tao , Shen Lijun , Xu Xiaoya , Yao Ye , Mu Peiyuan , Zhang Hui , Wan Juefeng , Wang Yan , Guan Ruoyu , Li Xiaomeng , Fu Guoxiang , Zhang Long , Wang Yaqi , Xia Fan , Hu Chen , Clevers Hans , Zhang Zhen , Hua Guoqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdding irinotecan to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) increases the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate but brings more toxicities. Robust biomarkers to predict response to irinotecan‐based nCRT are extremely necessary for selecting the right patients. Our previous study suggests that patient‐derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy matches patient responses. In this study, we investigated whether PDTOs sensitivity to irinotecan can predict complete response (CR) and survival. Eligible patients receiving irinotecan‐based nCRT between April 5, 2017 and December 11, 2020 were enrolled in the training cohort (n = 91) for response prediction and survival analysis. Patients receiving nCRT between February 21, 2021 and September 17, 2021 were included in the validation cohort (n = 27). Predictive performances of irinotecan organoid size ratio (OSR) for CR or pCR were evaluated. The irinotecan‐sensitive groups had higher response rates compared with the insensitive groups (training cohort: 71.8% vs 24.4%, P < .0001; validation cohort, 81.8% vs 18.8%, P = .002). Moreover, the irinotecan‐sensitive group had higher rates of 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS: 71.6% vs 55.5%, P = .034) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS, 77.9% vs 57.2%, P = .015) than the irinotecan‐insensitive group. 5‐FU and irradiation sensitivities failed to predict 3‐year DFS (5‐FU: 65.4% vs 61.9%, P = .643; irradiation: 84.8% vs 57.8%; P = .072). Performances of irinotecan OSR to predict CR or pCR were good in the training cohort (CR: AUC = 0.828; 95% CI = 0.723‐0.932; pCR: AUC = 0.864; 95% CI = 0.759‐0.961). The validation showed robust predictive ability (CR: AUC = 0.796, 95% CI = 0.5974‐0.9952; pCR: AUC = 0.917, 95% CI = 0.7921‐1.0000). Irinotecan sensitivity in PDTOs was a predictive and prognostic factor in LARC.
Automated differentiation of skin melanocytes from keratinocytes in high‐resolution histopathology images using a weakly‐supervised deep‐learning framework
Authors: Parajuli Madan , Shaban Mohamed , Phung Thuy L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarly detection and accurate diagnosis of melanoma skin cancer which accounts for 75% of all skin cancer mortalities would significantly improve survival rates. Melanoma is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of malignant melanocytes in the epidermis of the skin, which is composed predominantly of keratinocytes. Localization and differentiation of melanocytes from keratinocytes in the skin in whole slide images (WSIs) is an important initial task towards the diagnosis of the tumor. Because of the small size of melanocytes and the dominance of keratinocytes in the epidermis, identification of melanocytes can be challenging and prone to errors. We propose a new fully‐automated framework based on deep‐machine learning to identify melanocytes and keratinocytes with detection accuracy of 90.5% and 87.4%, respectively. This framework begins with segmenting the epidermis layer inside 640 × 320 × 3 super tiles of WSIs using a DeepLabV3+ model followed by a weakly‐supervised deep learning approach deploying a fine‐tuned pre‐trained visual geometry group (VGG)‐16 model, gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM), Otsu's and contour estimation methods in order to identify melanocytes and keratinocytes inside each 64 × 64 × 3 tile (i.e., a subdivision of the super tile). The proposed framework outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods as well as provides a significant improvement of 28% and 17% over the fully supervised faster region‐based convolutional neural network (R‐CNN) in detecting melanocytes and keratinocytes respectively without the need for expensive expert fine labels for model training and validation. The proposed framework offers a promising accurate tool to aid pathologists in differentiating melanocytes from keratinocytes that would eventually support the diagnosis of melanoma.
Gate‐tunable spin valve effect in Fe3GeTe2‐based van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Zhou Ling , Huang Junwei , Tang Ming , Qiu Caiyu , Qin Feng , Zhang Caorong , Li Zeya , Wu Di , Yuan Hongtao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), a prominent type of spintronic device based on the spin valve effect, have facilitated the development of numerous spintronic applications. The technical appeal for the next‐generation MTJ devices has been proposed in two directions: improving device performance by utilizing advanced two‐dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials or extending device functionalities by exploring the gate‐tunable magnetic properties of ferromagnets. Based on the recent development of 2D magnets with the ease of external stimuli, such as electric field, due to their reduced dimensions, reliable prospects for gate‐tunable MTJ devices can be achieved, shedding light on the great potential of next‐generation MTJs with multiple functionalities for various application environments. While the electrical gate‐tunable MTJ device is highly desirable for practical spintronic devices, it has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate the experimental realization of a spin valve device by combining a vertical Fe3GeTe2/h‐BN/Fe3GeTe2 MTJ with an electrolyte gate. The magnetoresistance ratio (MR ratio) of 36% for the intrinsic MTJ confirms the good performance of the device. By electrolyte gating, the tunneling MR ratio of Fe3GeTe2/h‐BN/Fe3GeTe2 MTJ can be elevated 2.5 times, from 26% to 65%. Importantly, the magnetic fields at which the magnetoresistance switches for the MTJ can be modulated by electrical gating, providing a promising method to control the magnetization configuration of the MTJ. Our work demonstrates a gate‐tunable MTJ device toward the possibility for gate‐controlled spintronic devices, paving the way for performing 2D magnetism manipulations and exploring innovative spintronic applications.image
Successful treatment with therapeutic plasmapheresis of a pediatric patient with Guillain‐Barré syndrome associated with neurobrucellosis
Authors: Varol Fatih , Yusuf Can Yasar , Sahin Ebru , Sahin Suleyman Berkay , Akyuz Gulcan , Aydin Ali , Kara Manolya , Cam Halit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBrucellosis is a multisystemic disease that can present with multiple signs and symptoms. Rarely, brucellosis can manifest as neurobrucellosis, with central or peripheral nervous system involvement. Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a post‐infectious autoimmune disease that progresses rapidly, causing ascending muscle weakness, and is accompanied by areflexia/hyporeflexia. Regarding GBS etiology, it is thought to be an autoimmune disease, triggered by a previous bacterial or viral infection. There are a few Brucella‐associated GBS case reports in the literature and in our opinion, only one of them is a pediatric patient. Herein we reported a case of GBS associated with neurobrucellosis, who was successfully treated with therapeutic plasmapheresis (TP) due to poor response to IVIG treatment.