bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressed SENSE in Pediatric Brain Tumor MR Imaging
Authors: Meister Rieke L. , Groth Michael , Jürgens Julian H. W. , Zhang Shuo , Buhk Jan H. , Herrmann Jochen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the image quality, examination time, and total energy release of a standardized pediatric brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol performed with and without compressed sensitivity encoding (C-SENSE). Recently introduced as an acceleration technique in MRI, we hypothesized that C‑SENSE would improve image quality, reduce the examination time and radiofrequency-induced energy release compared with conventional examination in a pediatric brain tumor protocol.

Methods
This retrospective study included 22 patients aged 2.33–18.83 years with different brain tumor types who had previously undergone conventional MRI examination and underwent follow-up C‑SENSE examination. Both examinations were conducted with a 3.0-Tesla device and included pre-contrast and post-contrast T1-weighted turbo-field-echo, T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. Image quality was assessed in four anatomical regions of interest (tumor area, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and posterior fossa) using a 5-point scale. Reader preference between the standard and C‑SENSE images was evaluated. The total examination duration and energy deposit were compared based on scanner log file analysis.

Results
Relative to standard examinations, C‑SENSE examinations were characterized by shorter total examination times (26.1 ± 3.93 vs. 22.18 ± 2.31 min; P = 0.001), reduced total energy deposit (206.0 ± 19.7 vs. 92.3 ± 18.2 J/kg; P < 0.001), and higher image quality (overall P < 0.001).

Conclusion
C‑SENSE contributes to the improvement of image quality, reduction of scan times and radiofrequency-induced energy release relative to the standard protocol in pediatric brain tumor MRI.
Societal Preferences for Gender of Surgeons: A Cross‐Sectional Study in the General Population of Pakistan
Authors: Martins Russell Seth , Gillani Mishal , Jawaid Samreen , Zaidi Syeda Maryam Zehra , Malik Mahim Akmal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSociocultural norms and gender biases may result in surgeon gender preferences among the general public. This study aimed to understand preferences and perceptions related to surgeon gender among the general population in Pakistan, a lower‐middle‐income country.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted by the Aga Khan University, Karachi, among the adult general population in Pakistan. Sequential mixed‐mode data collection was performed via online dissemination on social media platforms and in‐person surveying at different geographic locations in Karachi.ResultsAmong 1604 respondents, 50% did not report having surgeon gender preferences in general. Among respondents with gender preferences, there was a highly significant preference for gender concordance across all surgical subspecialties (p <0.001) except cardiothoracic surgery and neurosurgery. Exceptions where women preferred a male surgeon were neurosurgery (59.7% vs. 40.3%; p <0.001) and cardiothoracic surgery (53.1% vs. 46.9%; p <0.001). Moreover, respondents felt more comfortable communicating with (67.6%) and being examined by (73.3%) gender concordant surgeons. Men more commonly perceived male surgeons as more competent (26% vs. 14.5%; p <0.001) and warmer (18.3% vs. 9.8%; p <0.001) than female surgeons. Nevertheless, the most important factors influencing selection of a surgeon were the surgeon's reputation (69.6%) and experience (50.5%). Most respondents (84.5%) believed that more females should practice surgery.ConclusionWhile around half of respondents do not have gender preferences, a significant proportion prefers a gender concordant surgeon across subspecialties. In a society where conservative sociocultural norms play a significant role when seeking health care, this makes yet another compelling argument for gender parity in surgery.
Assessment of Intraparenchymal Injection of 1% Patent Blue Dye in the Upper Outer Quadrant of the Breast to Identify Sentinel Lymph Node in Early Retro‐Areolar Breast Cancer in Women: A Tertiary Centre Experience in Egypt
Authors: Fouad Mina M. B. , Fouad Kirilos , Ibraheim Sandy M. N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy is the gold standard for axillary assessment of patients with clinically node negative breast cancer. The current internationally accepted methods comprise of the usage of either a radioactive tracer, vital stains or the combination of both. However, in developing countries radioactive tracer is not widely used due to its high cost and limited availability. In addition, the classic retro‐areolar blue dye injection has a high failure rate.ObjectiveOur study aimed to assess the efficacy of patent blue dye injection in the upper outer quadrant of the breast after validation by concurrent usage of radioactive nanocolloid, in comparison with the classic retro‐areolar injection in identifying the sentinel node.MethodsA randomized control study involving 279 patients randomly divided into two groups. In group A lateral injection of 1% patent blue dye (validated by radioactive nanocolloid) was used, while subdermal patent blue dye injection in the retro‐areolar space was performed in group B.ResultsThe new technique showed the promising results with lower failure rate (3.4%) in comparison with the classic retro‐areolar patent blue injection (13.7%).ConclusionsThe lateral injection technique can be result in comparable results to the combination technique with the added benefit of being widely available and a cheaper option especially in developing countries.
Comparison of Parathyroid Autofluorescence Signals in Different Types of Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Berber Eren , Akbulut Serkan , Avci Seyma , Isiktas Gizem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are scant data in the literature regarding whether parathyroid autofluorescence (AF) signal patterns vary based on the etiology of hyperparathyroidism. The aim of this study was to compare AF signals of parathyroid glands across different etiologies of hyperparathyroidism.MethodsAs a prospective institutional review board‐approved study between 2016 and 2019, AF intensities and heterogeneity indexes (HIs) of parathyroid glands in patients who underwent parathyroidectomy using AF were calculated and compared using Chi‐square, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U, and logistic regression tests.
ResultsOf the total of 183 patients, 127 patients had sporadic classic primary hyperparathyroidism, 30 patients had sporadic normohormonal primary hyperparathyroidism, 10 patients had sporadic normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism, 12 patients had tertiary hyperparathyroidism, and 4 patients had familial primary hyperparathyroidism related to multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A. There were no statistical differences in AF signals of abnormal parathyroid glands in classic, normohormonal or normocalcemic sporadic hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid glands in patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism were similar in intensity, but more homogenous compared to those in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism.ConclusionsThe pattern of AF exhibited by abnormal parathyroid glands was similar across different spectrums of primary hyperparathyroidism, in accordance with observations in the literature. However, parathyroid glands in tertiary hyperparathyroidism were more homogeneous, despite exhibiting a similar intensity of AF compared to those in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. These differences should be kept in mind when using the AF pattern as an adjunct to visual assessment in parathyroid exploration.
Individual variability in patterns and dynamics of fecal gluten immunogenic peptides excretion after low gluten intake
Authors: Coto Laura , Sousa Carolina , Cebolla Angel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Determination of Gluten Immunogenic Peptides (GIP) in feces is a direct tool for gluten exposure detection. The sensitivity of GIP detection methods for cases of unintentional low gluten intakes is unknown. We studied the interindividual variability in the kinetic of excretion under homogeneously controlled dietary conditions, and the sensitivity of fecal GIP tests after low amounts of punctual gluten ingestions.

Methods
Participants (n = 20) followed the same gluten-free menu for 12 days in which two separated doses of gluten (50 mg and 2 g) were ingested and all the depositions were collected. GIP from stool samples were analyzed by ELISA and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tests.

Results
Most participants had detectable GIP after 50 mg and 2 g gluten ingestions using ELISA test (72.2% and 95%, respectively), whereas the LFIA test showed less sensitivity (22.2% and 80%, respectively). GIP were detected at higher either frequency or concentration in the range of 12–36 h after 50 mg intake, and 12–84 h after 2 g consumption. Considering this period, diagnostic sensitivity of GIP detection after a single 50 mg ingestion may be significatively increased analyzing three stool samples per individual. High variability among participants was found in the time and amount of GIP excretion; however, some individuals showed common patterns for both gluten intakes.

Conclusion
Sporadic gluten exposure detection may require several fecal samples to achieve level of sensitivity above 90%. Interindividual variability in the dynamic of GIP excretion may suggest patterns of gluten metabolism.
Multisensory integration of musical emotion perception in singing
Authors: Lange Elke B. , Fünderich Jens , Grimm Hartmut 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigated how visual and auditory information contributes to emotion communication during singing. Classically trained singers applied two different facial expressions (expressive/suppressed) to pieces from their song and opera repertoire. Recordings of the singers were evaluated by laypersons or experts, presented to them in three different modes: auditory, visual, and audio–visual. A manipulation check confirmed that the singers succeeded in manipulating the face while keeping the sound highly expressive. Analyses focused on whether the visual difference or the auditory concordance between the two versions determined perception of the audio–visual stimuli. When evaluating expressive intensity or emotional content a clear effect of visual dominance showed. Experts made more use of the visual cues than laypersons. Consistency measures between uni-modal and multimodal presentations did not explain the visual dominance. The evaluation of seriousness was applied as a control. The uni-modal stimuli were rated as expected, but multisensory evaluations converged without visual dominance. Our study demonstrates that long-term knowledge and task context affect multisensory integration. Even though singers’ orofacial movements are dominated by sound production, their facial expressions can communicate emotions composed into the music, and observes do not rely on audio information instead. Studies such as ours are important to understand multisensory integration in applied settings.
Downstream competition and profits under different input price bargaining structures
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Fanti Luciano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn a vertically related duopoly with input price bargaining, this paper re-examines the downstream firms’ profitability under different market competition degrees. It is shown the rather counterintuitive result that downstream firms earn highest profits with semi-collusion, whose level depends on the upstream bargaining structures, the relative parties’ bargaining power, and the parameters measuring the degree of product differentiation in the downstream market. Concerning social welfare, the key result is that policymakers can tolerate some degree of collusion with decentralized bargaining structures; centralized structures advise for a more procompetitive policy.
Delirium in geriatric patients
Authors: Iglseder Bernhard , Frühwald Thomas , Jagsch Christian 
Published: January 2022

SummaryDelirium is the most common acute disorder of cognitive function in older patients. Delirium is life threatening, often under-recognized, serious, and costly. The causes are multifactorial, with old age and neurocognitive disorders as the main risk factors. Etiologies are various and multifactorial, and often related to acute medical illness, adverse drug reactions, or medical complications. To date, diagnosis is clinically based, depending on the presence or absence of certain features. In view of the multifactorial etiology, multicomponent approaches seem most promising for facing patients’ needs. Pharmacological intervention, neither for prevention nor for treatment, has been proven effective unanimously. This article reviews the current clinical practice for delirium in geriatric patients, including etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prevention, and outcomes.
Calculating earthquake damage building by building: the case of the city of Cologne, Germany
Authors: Nievas Cecilia I. , Pilz Marco , Prehn Karsten , Schorlemmer Danijel , Weatherill Graeme , Cotton Fabrice 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe creation of building exposure models for seismic risk assessment is frequently challenging due to the lack of availability of detailed information on building structures. Different strategies have been developed in recent years to overcome this, including the use of census data, remote sensing imagery and volunteered graphic information (VGI). This paper presents the development of a building-by-building exposure model based exclusively on openly available datasets, including both VGI and census statistics, which are defined at different levels of spatial resolution and for different moments in time. The initial model stemming purely from building-level data is enriched with statistics aggregated at the neighbourhood and city level by means of a Monte Carlo simulation that enables the generation of full realisations of damage estimates when using the exposure model in the context of an earthquake scenario calculation. Though applicable to any other region of interest where analogous datasets are available, the workflow and approach followed are explained by focusing on the case of the German city of Cologne, for which a scenario earthquake is defined and the potential damage is calculated. The resulting exposure model and damage estimates are presented, and it is shown that the latter are broadly consistent with damage data from the 1978 Albstadt earthquake, notwithstanding the differences in the scenario. Through this real-world application we demonstrate the potential of VGI and open data to be used for exposure modelling for natural risk assessment, when combined with suitable knowledge on building fragility and accounting for the inherent uncertainties.
Grafting nanocellulose with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and chitosan as additive for enhancing recycled OCC pulp fibres
Authors: Li Ao , Xu Dezhong , Zhang Mengnan , Wu Shengzhong , Li Yu , Sun Weisheng , Zhou Yonghui , Madyan Omar Abo , Fan Mizi , Rao Jiuping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a novel paper additive for effectively recycling old corrugated container (OCC) by functionalizing nanocellulose (NC) with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and chitosan (CS), and investigate the reinforcing mechanisms and effect of the developed additive on the physical properties of recycled OCC pulp handsheets. The tensile, tear and burst index, air permeability, tensile energy absorption (TEA), and drainage performance of the recycled OCC handsheets are examined. Fourier transform infrared FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used for the chemical and microstructure characterization of both NC based additives and paper from recycled OCC pulp. The results show that functional groups on the NC based additive, such as carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl groups, can bond with the hydroxyl groups on the recycled OCC fibres to generate a chemical bond. This leads to an increase in the crosslinks and bonding area between the fibres, which increases their tensile strength and improves their recycling rate. SEM shows that the paper with NC based additives had tighter inter-fibre bonds and smaller paper pore structure. Addition of 0.3% NC-DTPA-CS additive results in optimal properties of the recycled OCC paper with an increase by 31.64%, 22.28% and 36.6% of tensile index, tear index, burst index respectively, and the air permeability decreases by 36.92%.
Graphical Abstract
Pore Scale Numerical Modelling of Geological Carbon Storage Through Mineral Trapping Using True Pore Geometries
Authors: Payton Ryan L. , Sun Yizhuo , Chiarella Domenico , Kingdon Andrew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mineral trapping (MT)is the most secure method of sequestering carbon for geologically significant periods of time. The processes behind MT fundamentally occur at the pore scale, therefore understanding which factors control MT at this scale is crucial. We present a finite elements advection–diffusion–reaction numerical model which uses true pore geometry model domains generated from $$\upmu$$
μ
CT imaging. Using this model, we investigate the impact of pore geometry features such as branching, tortuosity and throat radii on the distribution and occurrence of carbonate precipitation in different pore networks over 2000 year simulated periods. We find evidence that a greater tortuosity, greater degree of branching of a pore network and narrower pore throats are detrimental to MT and contribute to the risk of clogging and reduction of connected porosity. We suggest that a tortuosity of less than 2 is critical in promoting greater precipitation per unit volume and should be considered alongside porosity and permeability when assessing reservoirs for geological carbon storage (GCS). We also show that the dominant influence on precipitated mass is the Damköhler number, or reaction rate, rather than the availability of reactive minerals, suggesting that this should be the focus when engineering effective subsurface carbon storage reservoirs for long term security.

Article Highlights

The rate of reaction has a stronger influence on mineral precipitation than the amount of available reactant.

In a fully connected pore network preferential flow pathways still form which results in uneven precipitate distribution.

A pore network tortuosity of <2 is recommended to facilitate greater carbon mineralisation.
Effectiveness of selected issues related to used tyre management in Poland
Authors: Przydatek Grzegorz , Budzik Grzegorz , Janik Małgorzata 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses interactions between the generation, collection and recovery of used tyres while considering an indicator of their mass accumulation per area in Poland. Notably, this study aimed to assess selected issues related to used tyre management efficiency from 2008 to 2018 based on European Union and national regulations. Within 11 years, over 5 million Mg of used tyres was introduced into the domestic market—exceeding the amount required for 50 million registered vehicles. It was demonstrated that a significant tyre waste management process involved the recovery of 47% of all tyres, which was almost entirely correlated with the total volume of tyres. Only the growth trend for generated tyres was considered significant, and the rarely used indicator of the accumulation of used tyres per area exhibited an uneven accumulation of used tyres, with the highest amount being 48.06 Mg km−2 in a region with a small area but a significant volume of waste tyres. Therefore, the management of used tyres requires action in the country to optimally increase this form of waste collection while consolidating the development, gathering and processing infrastructure in the context of further minimising environmental pressure and increasing the efficiency of their use by considering the 4R principle.
Postoperative Leckagen im Gastrointestinaltrakt – Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Loske G. , Hornoff S. , Mende M. , Müller C. , Faiss S. 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungPostoperative Leckagen nach Ösophagus‑, Magen- oder Kolon- bzw. Rektumchirurgie stellen schwerwiegende chirurgische Komplikationen mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität dar. Leckagen werden zumeist durch eine Kombination aus klinischer Beobachtung, Infektionsparametern sowie endoskopischen und schnittbildgebenden Verfahren diagnostiziert. Die Therapie ist bei intraperitonealen Leckagen chirurgisch, bei retroperitonealen bzw. mediastinalen Leckagen in einem interdisziplinären Setting überwiegend interventionell endoskopisch. Hier stehen der Defektverschluss durch die Abdichtung mittels selbstexpandierender gecoverter Stents mit gleichzeitiger externer extraluminaler Drainage sowie der Defektverschluss mit simultaner innerer Drainage und endoskopischer Unterdrucktherapie als vorrangige Methoden zur Verfügung.
Endogenous viral mutations, evolutionary selection, and containment policy design
Authors: Mellacher Patrick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow will the novel coronavirus evolve? I study a simple epidemiological model, in which mutations may change the properties of the virus and its associated disease stochastically and antigenic drifts allow new variants to partially evade immunity. I show analytically that variants with higher infectiousness, longer disease duration, and shorter latent period prove to be fitter. “Smart” containment policies targeting symptomatic individuals may redirect the evolution of the virus, as they give an edge to variants with a longer incubation period and a higher share of asymptomatic infections. Reduced mortality, on the other hand, does not per se prove to be an evolutionary advantage. I then implement this model as an agent-based simulation model in order to explore its aggregate dynamics. Monte Carlo simulations show that a) containment policy design has an impact on both speed and direction of viral evolution, b) the virus may circulate in the population indefinitely, provided that containment efforts are too relaxed and the propensity of the virus to escape immunity is high enough, and crucially c) that it may not be possible to distinguish between a slowly and a rapidly evolving virus by looking only at short-term epidemiological outcomes. Thus, what looks like a successful mitigation strategy in the short run, may prove to have devastating long-run effects. These results suggest that optimal containment policy must take the propensity of the virus to mutate and escape immunity into account, strengthening the case for genetic and antigenic surveillance even in the early stages of an epidemic.
Rechte Radikalisierung und Deradikalisierung – Perspektiven in der psychologischen Beratung. Zum Film „Skin“ von Guy Nattiv
Authors: Hagemann Alexander , Lehmann Nathalie , Marsh Kim 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund des Films „Skin“ von Guy Nattiv (2018) wird ein Einblick in die Dynamiken von Radikalisierungsprozessen gegeben unter Einbeziehung einer multifaktoriellen Perspektive. In einem zweiten Schwerpunkt werden die Gelingens- und Rahmenbedingungen von Deradikalisierungsprozessen erörtert. Der Beitrag schließt mit der Darstellung eines Beratungsansatzes zur Deradikalisierung.