bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White‐Light‐Driven Resonant Emission from a Monolayer Semiconductor
Authors: Shang Jingzhi , Wu Lishu , Feng Shun , Chen Yu , Zhang Hongbo , Cong Chunxiao , Huang Wei , Yu Ting 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResonant emission in photonic structures is very useful to construct all‐photonic circuits for optical interconnects and quantum computing. Optical generation of most resonant‐emitting modes in photonic structures is obtained by coherent pumping rather than incoherent illumination. Particularly, the development of white‐light‐ or even solar‐powered on‐chip light sources remains challenging but is very attractive in view of the much facile availability of these incoherent excitation sources. Here, net resonant emission from a monolayer semiconductor is demonstrated under simulated solar illumination by a white‐light‐emitting diode. The device is formed by embedding a 2D gain medium into a planar microcavity on a silicon wafer, which is compatible with the prevailing on‐chip photonic technology. Coherent and white‐light excitation sources are, respectively, selected for optical pumping, where the output light in two cases exhibits well‐consistent resonant wavelength, linewidth, polarization, location, and Gaussian‐beam profile. The fundamental TEM00 mode behaves as a doublet emission, resulting from anisotropy‐induced non‐degenerate states with orthogonal polarizations. The extraordinary spectral flipping is attributed to the competitive interplay of resonant absorption and emission. This work paves a way toward white‐light or solar‐powered state‐of‐the‐art photonic applications at the chip scale.
Functionally Integrated Device with Robust and Durable Superhydrophobic Surface for Efficient, Continuous, and Recyclable Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhao Xinyu , Ju Guannan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA cost‐efficient, universal adhesive layer‐involved strategy is demonstrated for the construction of robust superhydrophobic surfaces on a variety of materials. This strategy uses recycled rubber particles (RRPs) and low‐surface‐energy coating to generate superhydrophobicity, which are fixed on the substrates by a precoated E‐44 resin (ER) adhesive layer. Benefitting from the robust ER adhesive layer and wear‐resistant rubber particles, the ER/RRPs composite coated low‐surface‐energy coating (ER/RRPs/LSEC composite) shows high robustness under various harsh conditions including repeated abrasion, sunlight radiation, and acid/basic corrosion. When evaluated as functionally integrated device for oil spill cleanup, these superhydrophobic structures show excellent oil‐absorption and oil–water separation properties. For example, the copper foam device coated with the ER/RRPs/LSEC composite shows a high oil–water separating efficiency of 95% before and after mechanical abrasion. This strategy provides a new toolbox for constructing robust superhydrophobic surfaces with oil–water separation applications and offers a novel insight into the durability of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces.
Brownian Tree‐Shaped Dendrites in Quasi‐2D Perovskite Films and Their Impact on Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Zheng Fei , Angmo Dechan , Hall Christopher R. , Rubanov Sergey , Yuan Fangfang , Laird Jamie S. , Gao Mei , Smith Trevor A. , Ghiggino Kenneth P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) are candidates for constructing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with superior stability due to their tolerance to the external environment. Fully understanding the film growth mechanism and structure is crucial to further improve the performance of 2D‐PSCs while maintaining device stability. In this work, the origin of Brownian tree‐shaped dendrites formed in hot‐cast methylammonium chloride (MACl)‐doped BA2MAn−1PbnI3n+1 (<n> = 5) quasi‐2D perovskite films are reported. Investigations based on optical, electronic, atomic force, and fluorescence microscopies reveal that the dendrites are assembled from large‐n RPPs‐dominated grains, while the nondendritic film area is composed of small‐n RPPs grains and associated with film surface pits caused by the evaporation of MACl. It is proposed that these dendrites are grown by the diffusion‐limited aggregation of the MA‐rich intermediate phase domains that initially crystallize from the precursor. The formation of these dendrites in quasi‐2D perovskite films upon MACl doping is accompanied by improved organization and crystallinity of the 2D RPPs, which benefits the photovoltaic performance. This work provides new insights into the formation mechanism of quasi‐2D perovskite films that should assist device engineering strategies to further improve the performance of 2D PSCs.
Direct Synthesis of Sulfonimidoyl Guanidines from Sulfonimidoyl Azides under Dual (Cobalt and Photoredox) Catalysis
Authors: Ravindra S. , Nayak Abinash , Irfana Jesin C. P. , Chandra Nandi Ganesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA visible‐light (456 nm) promoted dual catalytic (cobalt‐/photoredox) method for the direct synthesis of sulfonimidoyl guanidine via three‐component reaction of aryl amine, isonitrile and sulfonimidoyl azide (as nitrene source) is developed. The protocol is fast, mild and provides products with a wide range of substrates in 56–86% yields. Additionally, the replacement of aryl amine with alcohol and thiol as nucleophile leads to the formation of sulfonimidoyl isourea and sulfonimidoyl isothiourea respectively, which are not yet reported in the literature.magnified image
Metastable Iron Sulfides Gram‐Dependently Counteract Resistant Gardnerella Vaginalis for Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment
Authors: Fang Ling , Ma Ruonan , Gao Xuejiao J. , Chen Lei , Liu Yuan , Huo Yanwu , Wei Taotao , Wang Xiaonan , Wang Qian , Wang Haojue , Cui Chengjun , Shi Qifeng , Jiang Jing , Gao Lizeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection found in women in the world. Due to increasing drug‐resistance of virulent pathogen such as Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis), more than half of BV patients suffer recurrence after antibotics treatment. Here, metastable iron sulfides (mFeS) act in a Gram‐dependent manner to kill bacteria, with the ability to counteract resistant G. vaginalis for BV treatment. With screening of iron sulfide minerals, metastable Fe3S4 shows suppressive effect on bacterial growth with an order: Gram‐variable G. vaginalis >Gram‐negative bacteria>> Gram‐positive bacteria. Further studies on mechanism of action (MoA) discover that the polysulfide species released from Fe3S4 selectively permeate bacteria with thin wall and subsequently interrupt energy metabolism by inhibiting glucokinase in glycolysis, and is further synergized by simultaneously released ferrous iron that induces bactericidal damage. Such multiple MoAs enable Fe3S4 to counteract G. vaginalis strains with metronidazole‐resistance and persisters in biofilm or intracellular vacuole, without developing new drug resistance and killing probiotic bacteria. The Fe3S4 regimens successfully ameliorate BV with resistant G. vaginalis in mouse models and eliminate pathogens from patients suffering BV. Collectively, mFeS represent an antibacterial alternative with distinct MoA able to treat challenged BV and improve women health.
Extracellular Adhesive Cues Physically Define Nucleolar Structure and Function
Authors: Pundel Oscar J. , Blowes Liisa M. , Connelly John T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdhesive cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) specify the size and shape of the nucleus via mechanical forces transmitted through the cytoskeleton. However, the effects of these biophysical stimuli on internal nuclear architecture and cellular responses remain poorly understood. This study investigates the direct impact of ECM adhesion on nucleolar remodeling in human keratinocytes using micropatterned substrates. Limited adhesion on small micropatterns promotes fusion of nucleoli, alongside a reduction in nuclear volume and condensation of heterochromatin. These changes in nucleolar architecture are mediated by altered chromatin biomechanics and depend on integration of the nucleus with the actin cytoskeleton. Functionally, nucleolar remodeling regulates ribogenesis and protein synthesis in keratinocytes and is associated with specific transcriptional changes in ribogenesis genes. Together, these findings demonstrate that cell shape and nuclear morphology control nucleolar structure and function and implicate the nucleolus as a key mechano‐sensing element within the cell.
Overcoming Temperature‐Induced Degradation of Silver Nanowire Electrodes by an Ag@SnOx Core‐Shell Approach
Authors: Kalancha Violetta , These Albert , Vogl Lilian , Levchuk Ievgen , Zhou Xin , Barr Maïssa , Bruns Mark , Bachmann Julien , Virtanen Sannakaisa , Spiecker Erdmann , Osvet Andres , Brabec Christoph J. , Forberich Karen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransparent electrodes consisting of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are a solution‐processed alternative to commonly used indium tin oxide electrodes. Here, Ag NW electrodes protected by a tin oxide (SnOx) are explored and unprecedented thermal stability is found. While unprotected Ag NW electrodes fail at 250 °C, the SnOx Ag NW electrodes remain stable for 40 h at 250 °C and withstand high temperatures up to 500 °C for short times. First, an optimized method of synthesis that provides uniform Ag NWs with high reproducibility is used. Afterward, a SnOx shell is formed in a wet chemical reaction. Fabrication of highly conductive electrodes requires thermal annealing at 300 °C for 5 min under ambient atmosphere. Electrodes with a sheet resistance as low as 20 Ω sq‐1 and visible transmittance of 84% are demonstrated. It is shown that a ≈2 nm thick SnOx shell effectively protects the Ag NWs in a temperature range between 200 and 500 °C, whereas unprotected Ag NWs suddenly fail at temperatures beyond 200 °C. It is strongly anticipated that these improvements in the stability of Ag NWs open a large field of further investigations and applications.
Reducing Losses in Perovskite Large Area Solar Technology: Laser Design Optimization for Highly Efficient Modules and Minipanels
Authors: Castriotta Luigi Angelo , Zendehdel Mahmoud , Yaghoobi Nia Narges , Leonardi Enrico , Löffler Markus , Paci Barbara , Generosi Amanda , Rellinghaus Bernd , Di Carlo Aldo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe perovskite solar era has demonstrated 25.5% efficiency in only 10 years of research, reaching the performance levels of other photovoltaics technologies such as Si and GaAs, showing potentially low‐cost manufacturing and process versatility. However, these results are achieved only on small area cells, with an active area equal or lower to 0.1 cm2. The upscaling development of perovskite solar technology requires the use of additional processes to reduce losses encountered for large areas; for this reason, laser processing becomes necessary to design connected cells into modules. In this work, cell‐to‐module losses in perovskite solar modules are reduced by optimizing the laser design, establishing a relationship between geometrical fill factor, cell area width, and P1–P2–P3 laser parameters. Upscaling the process from 2.5 × 2.5 to 10 × 10 cm2 an efficiency of 18.71% and 17.79% is achieved on active area of 2.25 and 48 cm2 respectively, with only 5% relative losses when scaling from to minimodule to module size. A minipanel is fabricated on 20 × 20 cm2, showing 11.9% stabilized efficiency and 2.3 W on an active area of 192 cm2, among the highest reported in literature so far at this size.
Characterization of potentially inappropriate medications use in Indian elderly population and their impact on quality of life using Beers criteria
Authors: Anand Pooja , Katyal Jatinder , Dey Aparajit Ballav , Gupta Yogendra Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPolypharmacy is principal cause of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly patients, which include over prescribing, under prescribing, and misprescribing.MethodsElderly subjects (≥60 years), of either sex, receiving two or more medications for one or more chronic ailments, attending Geriatrics Outpatient Department (OPD), at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi, were included. Their prescriptions were assessed for PIMs by using Beers criteria 2015 and were further followed up at least once in 6 months for adverse events, telephonically. The results were analyzed by using suitable regression models and correlation analysis.ResultsThree hundred eighty patients average age of 65.4 ± 4.7 years were enrolled. Eighty‐eight percent of the people were having greater than or equal to two ailments. Each patient was prescribed 6.7 ± 2.1 medications with 65% of prescriptions having one or more PIMs. Out of the total prescribed drugs, 15% were satisfying Beers criteria for PIMs. There were 63 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported. A statistically significant correlation was observed among comorbidities, number of prescribed medications, PIMs, and ADRs. Quality of life (QOL) of the elderly patients was negatively corelated with polypharmacy and female sex.ConclusionA risk‐benefit analysis of prescribed medications is part and parcel of prescribing, especially in elderly patients. In order to decrease further risks associated with inappropriate prescribing, there is need for indigenous guidelines and intensive training.
Aging clocks & mortality timers, methylation, glycomic, telomeric and more. A window to measuring biological age
Authors: Palmer Raymond D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs humans age multiple forms of biological decay ensue, and many aspects of human biology can be measured to determine how far biological machinery has drifted from homeostasis. Research has led to aging clocks being developed that claim to predict biological age as opposed to chronological age. Aging could be regarded as a measured loss of homeostatic biological equilibrium that augments biological decay in fully developed tissues. Measuring aspects of how far various elements of biology have drifted from a youthful state may allow us to make determinations on a subject's health but also make informed predictions on their biological age. As we see across human physiology, many facets that maintain human health taper off such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, glutathione, catalase, super oxide dismutase, and more. Extracellular vesicle density also tapers off during age combined with epigenetic drift, telomere attrition, and stem cell exhaustion, whilst genomic instability and biological insults from environment and lifestyle factors increase. Measuring these types of biomarkers with aging clocks may allow subjects to understand their own health more accurately and enable subjects to better focus on their efforts in the pursuit of longevity and, in addition, allow healthcare practitioners to deliver better health advice.
Solid‐phase molecular self‐assembly facilitated supramolecular films with alternative hydrophobic/hydrophilic domains for skin moisture detection
Authors: Qi Jinwan , Wu Tongyue , Wang Wenkai , Jin Hongjun , Gao Shuitao , Jiang Shasha , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman skin moisture is closely related to health and personal care issues. Many creams were developed to claim capable of skin moisturizing. However, people can hardly check their skin moisture status and the moisturizing effect of various creams conveniently, since currently all the skin moisturizing detection rely on large equipment requiring power supply. Herein, we report a power‐supply independent supramolecular film that is able to directly report the moisturizing status of the skin. With the strategy of solid‐phase molecular self‐assembly (SPMSA), the aqueous precipitates formed by commercially available polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged surfactant would transform into a supramolecular film under a mild mechanical pressure, where the hydrophobic surfactant domains bridged by polyelectrolyte merge into hydrophobic mesophases to reduce interfacial energy. The hydrophobic mesophase will greatly retard water diffusion inside the film, so that a humidity gradient is generated as the film is exposed to a humid environment. The film will bend upward automatically in touch with moisture skin, and the bending degree is proportional to the skin moisture status. Therefore, the film can be used as portable smart power‐free skin moisture sensor.
Selbstassemblierte fluoreszierende Blockcopolymer‐Mizellen mit responsiver Emission
Authors: Kurz Hannah , Hils Christian , Timm Jana , Hörner Gerald , Greiner Andreas , Marschall Roland , Schmalz Holger , Weber Birgit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResponsive, fluoreszierende Materialien versprechen neue Anwendungen in der Sensorik und der (biologischen) Bildgebung. In dieser Studie stellen wir einen konzeptionell neuartigen Zugang zu solchen Materialien auf Basis der Selbstassemblierung von nicht‐fluoreszierenden Bausteinen zu fluoreszierenden Materialien vor. Stark emittierende Kompositmaterialien werden nach Verkapselung des nicht‐fluoreszierenden Zink(II)‐Komplexes [Zn(L)] in eine Reihe von nicht‐fluoreszierenden Polystyrol‐block‐Poly(4‐vinylpyridin) (PS‐b‐P4VP) Diblockcopolymer‐Mizellen erhalten. Die koordinationsinduzierte Turn‐On Emission von [Zn(L)] im P4VP‐Kern übertrifft die von gelösten [Zn(L)] in Pyridin hinsichtlich wichtiger Gütefaktoren, wie Lebensdauer, Quantenausbeute und Temperaturbeständigkeit. Die Quantenausbeute kann leicht über das Medium eingestellt werden, indem die Tendenz der PS‐b‐P4VP Diblockcopolymere zur Selbstassemblierung zu Mizellen über die Selektivität des verwendeten Lösungsmittels oder Lösungsmittelgemisches angepasst wird. Ein medienabhängiger Off‐On Sensor, der mit der Mizellbildung gekoppelt ist, konnte durch Unterdrückung des nicht mizellenbasierten Emissionshintergrunds in Chloroform durch kontrolliertes Ansäuern realisiert werden, was auf einen zusätzlichen pH‐abhängigen Prozess hinweist.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Hyperforin and Pyrohyperforin
Authors: Ji Yunpeng , Hong Benke , Franzoni Ivan , Wang Mengyang , Guan Weiqiang , Jia Hongli , Li Houhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCapitalizing on the late‐stage diversification of an essential 1,3‐diene intermediate, we describe herein a 9‐step enantioselective total synthesis of (+)‐hyperforin and (+)‐pyrohyperforin, starting from commercially available allylacetone. Our convergent synthesis features a series of critical reactions: 1) an enantioselective deconjugative α‐alkylation of α,β‐unsaturated acid using chiral lithium amides as noncovalent stereodirecting auxiliaries; 2) a HfCl4‐mediated carbonyl α‐tert‐alkylation to forge the intricate bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane framework; 3) an abiotic cascade pyran formation; and 4) a selective 1,4‐semihydrogenation of polyenes. During the course of our synthesis, we also identified a 1,2‐cyclopropanediol overbred intermediate which was responsible for the 1,3‐diene precursor formation through a controlled fragmentation.
Simultaneous Counting of Molecules in the Halo and Dense‐Core of Nanovesicles by Regulating Dynamics of Vesicle Opening
Authors: He Xiulan , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report the discovery that in the presence of chaotropic anions (SCN−) the opening of nanometer biological vesicles at an electrified interface often becomes a two‐step process (around 30 % doublet peaks). We have then used this to independently count molecules in each subvesicular compartment, the halo and protein dense‐core, and the fraction of catecholamine binding to the dense‐core is 68 %. Moreover, we differentiated two distinct populations of large dense‐core vesicles (LDCVs) and quantified their content, which might correspond to immature (43 %) and mature (30 %) LDCVs, to reveal differences in their biogenesis. We speculate this is caused by an increase in the electrostatic attraction between protonated catecholamine and the negatively charged dense‐core following adsorption of SCN−.
Time‐Resolved In Situ Monitoring of Mechanochemical Reactions
Authors: Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Emmerling Franziska 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMechanochemical transformations offer environmentally benign synthesis routes, whilst enhancing both the speed and selectivity of reactions. In this regard, mechanochemistry promises to transform the way in which chemistry is done in both academia and industry but is greatly hindered by a current lack of mechanistic understanding. The continued development and use of time‐resolved in situ (TRIS) approaches to monitor mechanochemical reactions provides a new dimension to elucidate these fascinating transformations. We here discuss recent trends in method development that have pushed the boundaries of mechanochemical research. New features of mechanochemical reactions obtained by TRIS techniques are subsequently discussed, which sheds light on how different TRIS approaches have been used. Emphasis is placed on the strength of combining complementary techniques. Finally, we outline our views on the potential of TRIS methods in mechanochemical research, towards establishing a new, environmentally benign paradigm in the chemical sciences.
Synthesis and properties of Sm‐TiO2 coupled with g‐C3N4 for improved photocatalytic degradation toward methylene blue and tetracycline under visible‐light irradiation
Authors: Cui Tianyi , Zhang Yuan , Yan Yumin , Zhao Jianbo , Qi Kezhen , Jiang Jianhui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOwing to the great harm that water pollution has caused to the natural environment, the effective treatment of sewage is crucial. In this study, Sm‐TiO2/g‐C3N4 composites were synthesized for the degradation of MB and TC pollutants. The experimental results showed that up to 91.8% and 93.3% of MB and TC pollutants were removed within 120 min of illumination, which were 2.8 and 2.3 times greater than that of pure TiO2, respectively, showing the good optical properties of the composites. Due to the coupling between Sm‐TiO2 and g‐C3N4, the separation of photogenerated electron holes is accelerated, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the composites. This not only enabled the strong redox ability of TiO2 to be retained, but also effectively promoted electron migration, thus improving the photocatalytic activity of the composites.
Nafion/SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite membranes with improved proton conductivity
Authors: Thmaini Noura , Charradi Khaled , Ahmed Zakarya , Aranda Pilar , Chtourou Radhouane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work deals with the synthesis of SiO2@TiO2 supported palygorskite fibers and their use as a filler for proton exchange membrane fuel cells in order to improve their performance. SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite nanostructured particles were synthesized separately with original route to ensure the growth of TiO2 and then of SiO2 on the surface of the clay. Accordingly, the introduction of the synthetic filler (SiO2@TiO2‐paly) into the electrolyte membrane (Nafion) aims to improve mechanical, thermal, and proton conductivity properties. The TiO2 nanoparticles were generated via a sol–gel process on the external surface of palygorskite. Then, SiO2 nanoparticles were synthetized using a similar sol–gel process, onto the TiO2‐palygorskite particles to produce the final SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite particles. The physico‐chemical properties of the nanostructured particles were studied by X‐ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Nafion based composite membranes were prepared using SiO2@TiO2‐palygorskite and TiO2‐palygorskite as a control standard. The composite membranes show improved mechanical properties, thermal stability, water retention, and proton conductivity compared to the neat Nafion membrane. Proton conductivities (at 100°C and 100% relative humidity) increased from 65.0 mS/cm for neat Nafion to 70.4 mS/cm and to 128.6 mS/cm when incorporated TiO2‐Paly (6% in weight) and SiO2@TiO2‐Paly (6% in weight), respectively.