bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of seismicity on the Pacific coast of the Mexican Republic using statistical and fractal methods
Authors: Sosa-Gonzalez A G , Carrizales-Velazquez C , Angulo-Brown F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Digitization of information has allowed to scientists understand diverse dynamics of complex systems. In particular, earthquake catalogs are one of the main subject of study in geo-statistical science. Main contributions are characterization and classification of seismic regions, evidence of self-organized criticality of seismicity, seismic quiescences, dynamics of aftershocks, apparently precursor behaviors of great earthquakes, and more. This is a study of the seismicity in the Pacific’s coast of the Mexican Republic. Calculation of the parameters a and b of the Gutenberg-Richter law and computation of the fractal dimension by box counting method are presented. The analyses and calculations are divided into two types of study: spatial and temporal. The spatial study is carried out over the entire Mexican Republic and for five regions delimited on the Pacific coast in the time interval between 1975 and 2019. On the other hand, the temporal study is carried out among diverse time periods defined according to all possible pairs of years between 1975 and 2019, giving a total of 1035 time intervals. We obtained b-value ≈ 1 for all cases of study. Also a strong linear correlation between a and b parameters is found. Finally, we obtained fractal dimension values D between 1.3-1.9 for the five regions. We conclude that there is a positive correlation between coefficients a and b, values of D agree with the spatial density of the epicenters of each region, and considerable changes in the coefficient b with respect to time periods.
Comparison of synthesis methods of Tb MOF: microwave and metathesis
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Diana L , Loera-Serna Sandra , Garduño-Wilches Ismael A , Aguilar Frutis Miguel A , Alarcón-Flores Gilberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis of the metal-organic structure of terbium Tb2(BDC)3 (BDC: 1,4-benzendicarboxylic acid) obtained by stirring at room temperature (SRT) and by means of the microwave-assisted synthesis method (MW) at 150 °C during 15 min. A comparison was made between the physicochemical properties of the MOF obtained by each of the methods as they were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), observing crystalline materials with crystal size 66.42 and 26.57 nm for SRT and MW, respectively. The luminescent properties were determined by photoluminescent spectroscopy (FL) and finally the morphology presented by MW synthesis.
Some remarks on uncountable rainbow Ramsey theory
Authors: Zhang Jing 
Published: October 2022

We discuss the rainbow Ramsey theorems at limit cardinals and successors of singular cardinals, addressing some questions by Uri Abraham, James Cummings, and Clifford Smyth [J. Symbolic Logic 72 (2007), pp. 865–895] and Uri Abraham and James Cummings [Cent. Eur. J. Math. 10 (2012), pp. 1004–1016]. In particular, we show for inaccessible

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originally constructed by Uri Abraham and James Cummings [Cent. Eur. J. Math. 10 (2012), pp. 1004–1016] and show the witnessing coloring is indestructible under strongly proper forcings but destructible under some c.c.c forcing. Finally, we conclude with some remarks and questions on possible generalizations to rainbow partition relations for triples.
Evaluating Craving in Alcohol Use Disorder: Psychometric Characteristics of the Craving Typology Questionnaire-15 (CTQ-15)
Authors: Martinotti Giovanni , Festa Giuseppe Manuel , Ceci Franca , Di Muzio Ilenia , Callea Antonino , Capparelli Ada , Bonifaci Ludovica , Chillemi Eleonora , Pepe Maria , Pettorruso Mauro , Chiappini Stefania , Di Nicola Marco , Janiri Luigi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThe Craving Typology Questionnaire (CTQ) is a psychometric instrument used to assess alcohol craving in normal controls and subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD). It allows a dimensional self-rating assessment of craving according to a three-pathway psychobiological model of craving distinguishing craving into a reward, relief and obsessive component. The aim of the present study is to evaluate psychometric properties of the CTQ-15, a revised version of CTQ with 15 items.MethodsThe CTQ-15 was firstly administered to two groups of control subjects, one (414 subjects) used for the exploratory factor analysis and the other one (415 subjects) for the confirmatory factor analysis. A three-factor model was assessed and compared to alternative models.ResultsThe resulting structure was in line with the original scale CTQ. Obsessive craving accounted for 15.20% of the total variance, relief craving for the 13.99% and reward craving for 13.13% of the total variance. The three-factor model (M1) reached good fit indices (CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.06 and SRMR = 0.05) and was significantly better than other alternative models. Reliability showed good internal consistency for each scale, i.e. obsessive craving (α = 0.92), relief craving (α = 0.82) and reward craving (α = 0.81).ConclusionsThe CTQ-15 proved to be reliable and practical for identifying the three dimensions of craving in clinical practice. Craving plays a crucial role in the mechanisms of dependence and relapse; thus, characterizing the craving can be fundamental to a targeted drug therapy.
Efficient biocatalytic synthesis of green plasticizer 2,5-furanediformate isooctyl ester using an immobilized lipase
Authors: Zhou Yuyang , Mang Rongchen , Du Xuefei , Cai Heng , Zhou Hua 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
2,5-furanediformate Isooctyl is a potential new green biobased plasticizer. At present, most of the preparation methods are chemical methods, which not only have many by-products and are difficult to separate, but also cause environmental pollution. In this paper, the immobilized lipase Novozym435 was used as the catalyst to catalyze the transesterification of 2,5-furanediformate dimethyl ester and isooctyl alcohol to prepare 2,5-furanediformate isoocty in organic medium, and the reaction process was optimized. The optimal process conditions were determined by single factor experiment: in 10 mL toluene system, the additional amount of immobilized lipase Novozym435 was 0.02 g, the molar ratio of 2,5-furanediformate dimethyl ester (1 mmol) and isooctyl alcohol was 1:4, and 1 g 4Å molecular sieve was added to the reaction system, the reaction temperature was 50°C, the reaction time was 24 h, and the conversion rate of 2,5-furanediformate isoocty was 89.63%.
High Frequency of Specific Polysaccharide Antibody Deficiency in Adults With Unexplained, Recurrent and/or Severe Infections With Encapsulated Bacteria
Authors: Stabler Sarah , Lamblin Catherine , Gaillard Sacha , Just Nicolas , Mihailescu Mirela , Viget Nathalie , Sy Ndiaye Thierno , Dzeing Ella Arnaud , Brunin Guillaume , Weyrich Pierre , Prevotat Anne , Chenivesse Cécile , Le Rouzic Olivier , Mortuaire Geoffrey , Vuotto Fanny , Faure Karine , Leurs Amélie , Wallet Frédéric , Loiez Caroline , Titecat Marie , Le Guern Rémi , Hachulla Eric , Sanges Sébastien , Etienne Nicolas , Terriou Louis , Launay David , Lopez Benjamin , Bahuaud Mathilde , Batteux Frédéric , Dubucquoi Sylvain , Gesquière-Lasselin Cyrielle , Labalette Myriam , Lefèvre Guillaume ,   for the DIPANOR network
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) in adults are mainly revealed by recurrent and/or severe bacterial infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate a systematic research strategy of PIDs in adults with unexplained bacterial infections, with a special focus on specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD).MethodsIn this prospective multicenter study, inclusion criteria were recurrent benign upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) for at least two years (group 1), at least one upper or lower RTI requiring hospitalization (group 2), and/or at least one invasive infection documented with encapsulated bacteria (group 3). Main exclusion criteria were all local and general conditions that could explain infections. If no PID diagnosis was made, response to polysaccharide antigens was assessed using a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.ResultsFrom March 2015 to March 2020, 118 patients were included (37 males, median age of 41 years): 73, 17, and 28 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Forty-seven PIDs were diagnosed, giving an estimated frequency of 39.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] [30.4, 48.8]). SPAD was the most frequent diagnosis by far (n = 37/47, 78.7%), and was made in 23, 5, and 9 patients from groups 1 to 3, respectively. All SPAD patients received conjugate vaccines and, according to their infectious history, were on surveillance or treated with preventive antibiotics (n = 6) and/or with immunoglobulins replacement therapy (n = 10), the latter being dramatically efficient in all cases.ConclusionsConsidering its high prevalence among adults with unexplained recurrent and/or severe bacterial infections, SPAD should be screened in those patients.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02972281.
Exhaled Breath Aerosol Shedding of Highly Transmissible Versus Prior Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants
Authors: Lai Jianyu , Coleman Kristen K , Tai S H Sheldon , German Jennifer , Hong Filbert , Albert Barbara , Esparza Yi , Srikakulapu Aditya K , Schanz Maria , Maldonado Isabel Sierra , Oertel Molly , Fadul Naja , Gold T Louie , Weston Stuart , Mullins Kristin , McPhaul Kathleen M , Frieman Matthew , Milton Donald K 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAerosol inhalation is recognized as the dominant mode of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Three highly transmissible lineages evolved during the pandemic. One hypothesis to explain increased transmissibility is that natural selection favors variants with higher rates of viral aerosol shedding. However, the extent of aerosol shedding of successive SARS-CoV-2 variants is unknown. We aimed to measure the infectivity and rate of SARS-CoV-2 shedding into exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) by individuals during the Delta and Omicron waves and compared those rates with those of prior SARS-CoV-2 variants from our previously published work.MethodsIndividuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 93; 32 vaccinated and 20 boosted) were recruited to give samples, including 30-minute breath samples into a Gesundheit-II EBA sampler. Samples were quantified for viral RNA using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and cultured for virus.ResultsAlpha (n = 4), Delta (n = 3), and Omicron (n = 29) cases shed significantly more viral RNA copies into EBAs than cases infected with ancestral strains and variants not associated with increased transmissibility (n = 57). All Delta and Omicron cases were fully vaccinated and most Omicron cases were boosted. We cultured virus from the EBA of 1 boosted and 3 fully vaccinated cases.ConclusionsAlpha, Delta, and Omicron independently evolved high viral aerosol shedding phenotypes, demonstrating convergent evolution. Vaccinated and boosted cases can shed infectious SARS-CoV-2 via EBA. These findings support a dominant role of infectious aerosols in transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Monitoring aerosol shedding from new variants and emerging pathogens can be an important component of future threat assessments and guide interventions to prevent transmission.
Evaluation of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia
Authors: Huang Xing-Zong , Zheng Meng-Yao , Gong Yun-Ying , Wu Jin-Hong , Zhang Lin , He Hai-Yu , Sun Da-Li 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Due to the unclear quality of the current guidelines, users may be confused about how to diagnose and treat achalasia. The objective of this work is to systematically evaluate the methodological quality of the current guidelines for diagnosing and treating achalasia and to determine the heterogeneity among recommendations. We systematically searched literature databases to retrieve relevant guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included guidelines. Key recommendations in the guidelines were extracted, and the reasons for the heterogeneity of the key recommendations between different guidelines were further analyzed. Seven guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia are included in this study. The overall score of three guidelines exceeded 60%. The average score in domain 5 was the lowest, at 41.8%. The average scores in domain 2, domain 3, and domain 6 were also low, at 45.4%, 57.1% and 56.9%, respectively. The main recommendations and quality of evidence for different guidelines vary greatly, mainly due to the different emphases among different guidelines, the lack of systematic retrieval, or the unfairness of evidence use in some guidelines. There are considerable differences in the methodological quality of diagnosis and treatment guidelines for achalasia. Additionally, the differences in the main recommendations and evidence support among guidelines are also obvious. Guideline developers should improve the above related factors to decrease the heterogeneity, and they should further formulate or update the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance phenotyping of heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Brown Louise A E , Wahab Ali , Ikongo Eunice , Saunderson Chirstopher E D , Jex Nicholas , Thirunavukarasu Sharmaine , Chowdhary Amrit , Das Arka , Craven Thomas P , Levelt Eylem , Dall’Armellina Erica , Knott Kristopher D , Greenwood John P , Moon James C , Xue Hui , Kellman Peter , Plein Sven , Swoboda Peter P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
The 2016 European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Guidelines defined a new category: heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) of 40–49%. This new category was highlighted as having limited evidence and research was advocated into underlying characteristics, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. We used multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to define the cardiac phenotype of presumed non-ischaemic HFmrEF.

Methods and results
Patients (N = 300, 62.7 ± 13 years, 63% males) with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure with no angina symptoms, history of myocardial infarction, or coronary intervention were prospectively recruited. Patients underwent clinical assessment and CMR including T1 mapping, extracellular volume (ECV) mapping, late gadolinium enhancement, and measurement of myocardial blood flow at rest and maximal hyperaemia. Of 273 patients in the final analysis, 93 (34%) patients were categorized as HFmrEF, 46 (17%) as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and 134 (49%) as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Nineteen (20%) patients with HFmrEF had evidence of occult ischaemic heart disease. Diffuse fibrosis and hyperaemic myocardial blood flow were similar in HFmrEF and HFpEF, but HFmrEF showed significantly lower native T1 (1311 ± 32 vs. 1340 ± 45 ms, P &lt; 0.001), ECV (24.6 ± 3.2 vs. 26.3 ± 3.1%, P &lt; 0.001), and higher myocardial perfusion reserve (2.75 ± 0.84 vs. 2.28 ± 0.84, P &lt; 0.001) compared with HFrEF.

Conclusion
Patients with HFmrEF share most phenotypic characteristics with HFpEF, including the degree of microvascular impairment and fibrosis, but have a high prevalence of occult ischaemic heart disease similar to HFrEF. Further work is needed to confirm how the phenotype of HFmrEF responds to medical therapy.
Accounting for clustering is still not routinely undertaken in orthodontic studies
Authors: Sudiskumar Nishanti , Cobourne Martyn T , Pandis Nikolaos , Seehra Jadbinder 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Background
The aim of this study was to identify studies with clustering effects published in orthodontic journals and to assess the frequency by which clustered designs are correctly accounted for in the statistical analysis. Factors associated with appropriate management of clustering effects during the statistical analysis were explored.

Materials and method
A search of three leading orthodontic journals was undertaken to identify studies with clustering effects published between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2021. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions were calculated. Associations between the correct statistical handling of clustering effects and study characteristics were explored via univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results
Three hundred and sixty-two studies were considered to have clustering effects. Only 22.4 per cent of studies correctly accounted for clustering effects in the statistical analysis with no improvement compared to a previous study in 2012 using the same journals. An association between the use of the correct analysis to account for clustering and the following study characteristics was detected: involvement of statistician, study type, significance of the results, and accounting for clustering in the sample size calculations. In the univariable analysis, interventional studies, non-significant results, and the involvement of a statistician were associated with higher odds of the use of the correct analysis. Of the studies correctly accounting for clustering, the most used tests were repeated measures ANOVA (43.3 per cent) and mixed models (40.7 per cent).

Conclusions
Compared to previous research, there appears to be no improvement in accounting for clustering effects in studies published in orthodontic journals. To prevent incorrect inferences being drawn, clustering effects need to be recognised and accounted for in orthodontic studies. Recommendations to improve the accounting of clustering effects, at both the study level and during the statistical analysis are suggested.
Not Cologne but the data collection (might have) changed everything: a cautionary tale on ignoring changes in data recording in sociological research
Authors: Schwitter Nicole , Liebe Ulf 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In his 2020 ESR article, Arun Frey analysed data on ethnic violence that he web-scraped from a chronicle of hostile incidents against refugees, published by a German charitable foundation and a non-profit organization. He finds remarkable and supposedly causal effects of the New Year’s Eve sexual assaults in 2015/2016 on anti-refugee violence. We argue that it is invalid to draw conclusions regarding the effects of the New Year’s Eve event due to simultaneous alterations in the way the data have been collected. We review the changes in data reporting which took place at the beginning of 2016 on the level of the German government and discuss the lack of a remarkable New Year’s effect when focussing on data which has not been affected by these changes. This casts doubt on the previous findings proposed by Frey (2020). We conclude with a general word of caution.
Youth organizations, social mobility and health in middle age: evidence from a Scottish 1950s prospective cohort study
Authors: Berrie L , Adair L , Williamson L , Dibben C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Informal educational programmes focused on youth development appear to improve health and well-being at time of involvement. Less is known about long-term effects. We investigate their impact on self-reported general health in mid-life using the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort.

Methods
We use a subset (n = 1333) of the ACONF cohort, born 1950–56, in Aberdeen Scotland, who took part in Family and Reading Surveys in 1964 and a follow-up questionnaire in 2001. We explore exposure to youth development focused clubs in childhood on self-reported general health around age 50 mediated by adult socioeconomic position. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to report odds ratios and natural direct and indirect effects, respectively, on multiply imputed data.

Results
Being a member of the Scouts/Guides (G&S) was associated with a 53% (95% confidence interval 1.03–2.27) higher odds of ‘excellent’ general health in adulthood compared to children attending ‘other clubs’. Indirect effects of G&S and Boys’/Girls’ Brigade (B&GB) on general health acting via higher socioeconomic position show positive associations; 12% and 6% higher odds of ‘excellent’ general health in adulthood compared to children attending ‘other clubs’, respectively. Comparison of indirect with direct effects suggests 27% of this association is mediated through a higher adult socioeconomic position in adulthood.

Conclusions
These results suggest a beneficial association between attending G&S and B&GB clubs in childhood and adult general health. As these organizations are volunteer-led, this may represent a cost-effective method for improving population health.
The Feel4Diabetes intervention: effectiveness on 24-hour physical behaviour composition in families at risk for diabetes development
Authors: Cardon Greet , Chastin Sebastien , Van Stappen Vicky , Huys Nele , Stefanova Tanya , Chakarova Nevena , Kivelä Jemina , Alberto Moreno Luis , Sándor Istvánné Radó , Androutsos Odysseas , Manios Yannis , De Craemer Marieke 
Published: October 2022

Summary
The Feel4Diabetes project conducted a 2-year intervention aiming to encourage healthy behaviours in families in six European countries. Within this paper, the intervention effect was evaluated after the first intervention year on 24-hour physical behaviour composition in Belgian families at risk for type 2 diabetes. Parents’ and children’s levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) were objectively measured and sleep duration was self-reported. Valid data were obtained in 82 children (mean age: 8.2 ± 0.84; 50.0% boys) and 72 parents (mean age: 40.1 ± 5.5; 27.8% fathers). Data were analysed using a compositional data approach, and mixed models were used to take clustering into account. Results showed that for children, the mean baseline composition of the 24-hour day in sleep, SB, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA for the intervention group was (11 hours 18 minutes; 6 hours 33 minutes; 5 hours 02 minutes, 1 hour 08 minutes) and for the control group (11 hours 18 minutes; 6 hours 35 minutes; 5 hours 04 minutes; 1 hour 06 minutes), respectively. For parents, the mean baseline composition was for the intervention group (8 hours 12 minutes; 9 hours 36 minutes; 5 hours 43 minutes; 27 minutes) and for the control group (8 hours 00 minute; 9 hours 00 minute; 6 hours 27 minutes; 33 minutes). No significant intervention effects were found on 24-hour physical behaviour composition of either parents or children (p = 0.19 and p = 0.21, respectively). A relatively small study population and a poor attendance rate among parents could maybe explain the lack of effectiveness. More effective strategies are needed to retain vulnerable families in interventions. Furthermore, future approaches to improve the 24-hour physical behaviour composition should maybe focus more specifically on PA, SB and sleep, and involve teachers, children and parents in the design of the intervention. Trial registration: NCT02393872 in ClinicalTrials.gov.