bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrene‐Based Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transport Polymers with Fluorine‐Induced Favorable Molecular Stacking Enable Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yao Zhaoyang , Zhang Fuguo , He Lanlan , Bi Xingqi , Guo Yaxiao , Guo Yu , Wang Linqin , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng , Sun Licheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new class of polymeric hole‐transport materials (HTMs) are explored by inserting a two‐dimensionally conjugated fluoro‐substituted pyrene into thiophene and selenophene polymeric chains. The broad conjugated plane of pyrene and “Lewis soft” selenium atoms not only enhance the π–π stacking of HTM molecules greatly but also render a strong interaction with the perovskite surface, leading to an efficient charge transport/transfer in both the HTM layer and the perovskite/HTM interface. Note that fluorine substitution adjacent to pyrene boosts the stacking of HTMs towards a more favorable face‐on orientation, further facilitating the efficient charge transport. As a result, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) employing PE10 as dopant‐free HTM afford an excellent efficiency of 22.3 % and the dramatically enhanced device longevity, qualifying it among the best PSCs based on dopant‐free HTMs.
Fatty acid ethyl esters production from distillers corn oil by enzymatic catalysis
Authors: Aguieiras Erika C. G. , de Abreu Kévin Enrick A. , Oliveira Renata A. , Almeida João M. A. R. , Freire Denise M. G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDistillers corn oil (DCO), a by‐product from the corn ethanol production, is an alternative source of glycerides to produce biodiesel. In the present work, this feedstock was enzymatically converted into fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). DCO presented relative density of 0.912 g/cm3, peroxide index of 3.05 ± 0.3 (meq/1000 g of sample) and acidity of 13.1 ± 1.96 (wt.%), with prevalence of the oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids (sum equal to 76.9%). Three strategies were evaluated to improve the FAEE content: ethanol stepwise addition (ethanol:oil molar ratio of 4:1 (1/2 of ethanol at 0 and 1.5 h) and 3:1 (1/3 of ethanol at 0 h and 2/3 at 1.5 h or 1/3 of ethanol at 0, 1 and 2 h)); consecutive reactions (with Novozym 40086 [Rhizomucor miehei lipase] as biocatalyst); and mixture of enzymes (Novozym 40086 (6 wt.%) + Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica B lipase) (2 wt.%). The concept of combi‐lipases was evaluated for the first time using this raw material, resulting in a high ester content (>96%). The higher ester yields attained with DCO, compared to refined corn oil (33%) can be related to the better solubilization of ethanol and/or glycerol by‐product in the medium with DCO. The combi‐lipase system kept high than 80% of this initial activity after three repeated batches of reaction. The use of DCO enables the integration of corn ethanol and biodiesel production within the same general facility, which has logistic, environmental and, economic relevance.
Fabrication of graphene reinforced silicone‐based 3D printed tactile sensor: An approach towards an applicable piezo‐sensor
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Sinha Tridib Kumar , Kim Jin Kuk , Oh Jeong Seok , Lee Jinho 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHighly sensitive, wearable, and durable tactile sensors are vital for developing smart robots, human–machine interfaces, and health monitoring systems. Although current techniques for developing tactile sensors achieve high performance, they suffer from fabrication complexity, complex working principle, short lifetime, low stretchability, and, in some cases, low sensitivity. Herein, we present a facile, cost‐effective, and scalable method for creating a 3D printed composite film of a tactile sensor made of natural rubber (NR) coated photosensitive elastomer resin (PR)/graphene nanoplatelet composite film. The addition of graphene nanoplatelet (GnP) not only improves the mechanical properties, stretchability, and flexibility of the PR/GnP composite film but also becomes responsible to produce the piezoresponse even under slight mechanical deformation in the flexible film. Furthermore, the proposed NR coating nullifies the possibility of producing interfering triboelectricity during its application as a highly sensitive pressure sensor. It also provides a low‐cost protective layer for the active material as well as the flexibility of the overall device.
Study on the compounding of a new type of trimer epoxy resin curing agent
Authors: Zhang Xiongfei , Zhao Tianhui , Cao Ting , Liu Peiyu , Ma Chuang , Li Pengyun , Huang Dang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, bisphenol A (BPA), epichlorohydrin (ECH), and isocyanate trimer (TDI‐T) are used as raw materials to synthesize a high toughness/trimer epoxy resin by graft copolymerization. It was cured at room temperature with low molecular weight polyamide 650 (PA650)/isophorone diamine (IPDA) and low molecular weight polyamide 650/triethylene tetramine (TETA) composite curing system respectively. The cured products of the two compound systems were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and mechanical property testing. The results show that with the increase of TETA and IPDA curing agents, the heat released during the curing process of the two systems also greatly increases, and the temperature rises from the initial 33.9–69.7°C and 52.8°C. The curing time is shortened from a few days to a few hours, and the controllability of the curing time is effectively realized. When the ratio of triethylene tetramine to low molecular weight polyamide 650 is 2.86:100, the compressive strength is the best, reaching 112.7 MPa, 12% higher than pure polyamide as curing agent, and the specimen can be completely restored to its original shape in a few minutes. When the ratio of TETA to PA650 is 2.86:100, the elongation at break reaches 21.4%.
Making newsworthy news: The integral role of creativity and verification in the human information behavior that drives news story creation
Authors: Gutierrez Lopez Marisela , Makri Stephann , MacFarlane Andrew , Porlezza Colin , Cooper Glenda , Missaoui Sondess 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCreativity and verification are intrinsic to high‐quality journalism, but their role is often poorly visible in news story creation. Journalists face relentless commercial pressures that threaten to compromise story quality, in a digital era where their ethical obligation not to mislead the public has never been more important. It is therefore crucial to investigate how journalists can be supported to produce stories that are original, impactful, and factually accurate, under tight deadlines. We present findings from 14 semistructured interviews, where we asked journalists to discuss the creation of a recent news story to understand the process and associated human information behavior (HIB). Six overarching behaviors were identified: discovering, collecting, organizing, interrogating, contextualizing, and publishing. Creativity and verification were embedded throughout news story creation and integral to journalists' HIB, highlighting their ubiquity. They often manifested at a micro level; in small‐scale but vital activities that drove and facilitated story creation. Their ubiquitous role highlights the importance of creativity and verification support being woven into functionality that facilitates information acquisition and use in digital information tools for journalists.
Impact of chromate and dichromate on lysozyme stability: A spectroscopic and molecular docking investigation
Authors: Subadini Suchismita , Panigrahy Ram Sankar , Gupta Nishesh Kumar , Bera Krishnendu , Sahoo Harekrushna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA comparative study of interaction between chicken egg white lysozyme (Lyz) with two hexavalent chromate ions; chromate and dichromate; which are prevalently known for their toxicity, was investigated using different spectroscopic techniques along with a molecular docking study. Both steady‐state and time‐resolved studies revealed that the addition of chromate/dichromate is responsible for strong quenching of intrinsic fluorescence in Lyz and the quenching is caused by both static and dynamic quenching mechanisms. Different binding and thermodynamic parameters were also calculated at different temperatures from the intrinsic fluorescence of Lyz. The conformational change in Lyz and thermodynamic parameters obtained during the course of interaction with chromate/dichromate were well‐supported by the molecular docking results.
Acute interstitial nephritis observed with three different triggering agents
Authors: Nobakht Niloofar , Hanna Ramy M. , Kamgar Mohammad , Sinclair John , Simon Lewis , Emami Sina , Sisk Anthony , Rastogi Anjay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 70‐year‐old female patient developed acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) after treatment with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (PPI), and Bromhexine. Renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient was treated with oral prednisone. Careful attention to timing of acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial to diagnosing AIN.
Metachronous, non‐pineal, trilateral retinoblastoma in a patient with a seemingly reduced‐expressivity RB1 germline deletion
Authors: Eiset Saga Elise , Funding Mikkel , Racher Hilary , Heegaard Steffen , Gallie Brenda , Urbak Steen Fiil , Gregersen Pernille A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe clinical course of trilateral retinoblastoma can be unpredictable, and expressivity of germline RB1 variants may vary during development. We describe an unexpected fatal case of trilateral retinoblastoma with an intracranial tumor in an unusual location and discuss genetic copy number analyses as a useful diagnostic tool with therapeutic potential.
Refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient: A clinical case report
Authors: Crawford Lake R. , Neparidze Natalia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a hematologic disorder with an incidence of 1–3 per 105 individuals/year. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop AIHA in 3% of adult cases and 14% of pediatric cases. We report a case of AIHA refractory to multiple lines of treatment in a patient with SLE, who eventually responded to a proteasome inhibitor‐based combination. A patient with systemic lupus erythematous was diagnosed with symptomatic autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The patient was refractory to multiple lines of treatment including prednisone, intravenous immune globulin, methylprednisolone, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, and splenectomy. She eventually had a beneficial response to a proteasome inhibitor‐based combination with bortezomib plus mycophenolate mofetil. The treatment of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia can be challenging. Patients with AIHA refractory to primary or secondary treatments must resort to receiving novel therapeutic modalities including combinations targeting plasma cell, T‐ and B‐cell proliferation.
Case of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in a very young patient without structural heart disease
Authors: Sawasaki Kohei , Hosoya Natsuko , Muto Masahiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe patient was an 18‐year‐old man who suffered frequent supraventricular premature complexes (SVPCs) and atrial fibrillation. Catheter ablation was performed, and the left pulmonary vein had been isolated, although firing from within the left inferior pulmonary vein remained. After that, the patient did not exhibit SVPCs and atrial fibrillation.
NiCo‐Layered Double Hydroxide to Composite with Sulfur as Cathodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Jing , Qiu Weilong , Liu Xin , Zhang Yongguang , Zhao Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have become a research focus for high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries owing to the considerable theoretical energy density. However, the polysulfide shuttle and sluggish kinetics in lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) chemistry lead to low sulfur utilization, large polarization and rapid capacity decay, posing a fatal threat to the commercialization of Li−S batteries. Herein, we etched zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) with Ni2+ to manufacture NiCo‐LDH, which is used as a sulfur host material for lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Benefited from the closely packed nano‐clusters and the hollow structure, the NiCo‐LDH could not only inhibit the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) diffusion but also accelerate the redox reactions. Owing to these properties, the corresponding Li−S batteries exhibit a superior capacity (1540 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and high rate performance (485 mAh g−1 at 5.0 C). This work shows a promising way for layered double hydroxide as cathodes for Li−S batteries.
Bimetal Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derived Hierarchical Porous Cobalt@Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Tubes as An Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xu Yuting , Mou Jirong , Liu Ting , Li Mei , Pan Wenhao , Zhong Lei , Huang Jianlin , Liu Meilin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe design and preparation of inexpensive, stable, and superior catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are significant but challenging towards sustainable energy conversion technologies. Herein, a tubular template‐assisted strategy for fabrication of cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) embedded in one‐dimensional (1D) N‐doped porous tubular carbon composites (Co@N−CTs) is developed via in‐situ growth of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZnCo−ZIFs) on hollow polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes surface. The PPy can not only act as a hollow tubular template, but also efficiently inhibit aggregation of Co NPs. Thanks to the 1D tubular interconnected networks and abundant micro‐/nano‐ porous tube wall structure, the as‐prepared Co@N−CTs catalyst achieves outstanding ORR performance with an onset potential (E0) of 0.982 V and a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.864 V. Meanwhile, the Co@N−CTs catalyst also demonstrates superior durability with slightly decay of 3 % of initial current over 40000 s, as well as tolerance to the methanol. Furthermore, the Co@N−CTs cathode exhibits a large specific capacity (784 mAh g−1) and satisfying power density (116 mW cm−2) in a Zn‐air battery.
Detoxification of Leachate by Coagulation Treatment Prior to Fermentation and Possible Reuse in Irrigation
Authors: Cherni Yasmin , Elleuch Lobna , Kasmi Mariam , Sghaier‐Hammami Besma , Chourabi Kalthoum , Chatti Abdelwaheb , Trabelsi Ismail , Kallel Amjad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLandfill leachate (LFL) is a very complex effluent that poses considerable threats to humans and to the environment. Selecting the appropriate process for leachate treatment still poses potential concern and challenge for the operation in municipal landfills. The current study aims to assess stabilized leachate degradation through coagulation by using different chemicals (Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3, FeSO4). Thereafter, a complementary process using two Candida strains (Candida kefyr and Candida glabrata) is investigated as a biological treatment of treated LFL. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity of treated LFL is examined by seed germination/root elongation tests using barley and tomato seeds. Upon experimentation and research, the results reveal that the optimum removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium (NH4+‐N) is 73.3% and 53.5%, respectively, when using the combined process. The removal efficiency of toxic metal elements (Fe, Pb, and Zn) is improved significantly (up to 80%). In addition, physiological and biochemical analyses confirm that the combined process allows a significant toxicity reduction. The obtained outcome is encouraging and supports the possible use of the treated LFL as a fertilizer for plant growth.
Canada geese (Branta canadensis) nesting on elevated structures in urban Indiana, USA
Authors: Shearer David J. , Carter Timothy C. , O'Neal Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Canada goose (Branta canadensis) population has radically changed over the past 60 years—from once being extirpated in the state of Indiana to the current level of approximately 113,000. High urban densities have resulted in persistent human–wildlife conflicts and novel interactions between geese and their physical environment. Canada geese typically choose nest sites that are on the ground or slightly elevated sites such as muskrat lodge, but we report observations of Canada geese nesting on rooftops 2.6–12.2 m above ground level in central Indiana. These observations suggest that alternative, unpredicted nesting sites are being chosen over more traditional sites, in a likely attempt to reduce risks of disturbance and predation. This atypical nest‐site selection may pose new management challenges, but further research is needed.
Trophic niche partitioning between two prey and their incidental predators revealed various threats for an endangered species
Authors: Rioux Ève , Pelletier Fanie , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDocumenting trophic niche partitioning and resource use within a community is critical to evaluate underlying mechanisms of coexistence, competition, or predation. Detailed knowledge about foraging is essential as it may influence the vital rates, which, in turn, can affect trophic relationships between species, and population dynamics. The aims of this study were to evaluate resource and trophic niche partitioning in summer/autumn between the endangered Atlantic‐Gaspésie caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) population, moose (Alces americanus) and their incidental predators, the black bear (Ursus americanus) and coyote (Canis latrans), and to quantify the extent to which these predators consumed caribou. Bayesian isotopic analysis showed a small overlap in trophic niche for the two sympatric ungulates suggesting a low potential for resource competition. Our results also revealed that caribou occupied a larger isotopic niche area than moose, suggesting a greater diversity of resources used by caribou. Not surprisingly, coyotes consumed mainly deer (Odocoileus virginianus), moose, snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), and occasionally caribou, while bears consumed mainly vegetation and, to a lesser extent, moose and caribou. As coyotes and bears also feed on plant species, we documented trophic niche overlap between caribou and their predators, as searching for similar resources can force them to use the same habitats and thus increase the encounter rate and, ultimately, mortality risk for caribou. Although the decline in the Gaspésie caribou population is mostly driven by habitat‐mediated predation, we found evidence that the low level of resource competition with moose, added to the shared resources with incidental predators, mainly bears, may contribute to jeopardize the recovery of this endangered caribou population. Highlighting the trophic interaction between species is needed to establish efficient conservation and management strategies to insure the persistence of endangered populations. The comparison of trophic niches of species sharing the same habitat or resources is fundamental to evaluate the mechanisms of coexistence or competition and eventually predict the consequences of ecosystem changes in the community.
Agricultural buffer zone thresholds to safeguard functional bee diversity: Insights from a community modeling approach
Authors: Reeg Jette , Strigl Lea , Jeltsch Florian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWild bee species are important pollinators in agricultural landscapes. However, population decline was reported over the last decades and is still ongoing. While agricultural intensification is a major driver of the rapid loss of pollinating species, transition zones between arable fields and forest or grassland patches, i.e., agricultural buffer zones, are frequently mentioned as suitable mitigation measures to support wild bee populations and other pollinator species. Despite the reported general positive effect, it remains unclear which amount of buffer zones is needed to ensure a sustainable and permanent impact for enhancing bee diversity and abundance. To address this question at a pollinator community level, we implemented a process‐based, spatially explicit simulation model of functional bee diversity dynamics in an agricultural landscape. More specifically, we introduced a variable amount of agricultural buffer zones (ABZs) at the transition of arable to grassland, or arable to forest patches to analyze the impact on bee functional diversity and functional richness. We focused our study on solitary bees in a typical agricultural area in the Northeast of Germany. Our results showed positive effects with at least 25% of virtually implemented agricultural buffer zones. However, higher amounts of ABZs of at least 75% should be considered to ensure a sufficient increase in Shannon diversity and decrease in quasi‐extinction risks. These high amounts of ABZs represent effective conservation measures to safeguard the stability of pollination services provided by solitary bee species. As the model structure can be easily adapted to other mobile species in agricultural landscapes, our community approach offers the chance to compare the effectiveness of conservation measures also for other pollinator communities in future.
Exploratory analysis of multi‐trait coadaptations in light of population history
Authors: Nakamichi Reiichiro , Kitada Shuichi , Kishino Hirohisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the process of range expansion, populations encounter a variety of environments. They respond to the local environments by modifying their mutually interacting traits. Common approaches of landscape analysis include first focusing on the genes that undergo diversifying selection or directional selection in response to environmental variation. To understand the whole history of populations, it is ideal to capture the history of their range expansion with reference to the series of surrounding environments and to infer the multitrait coadaptation. To this end, we propose a complementary approach; it is an exploratory analysis using up‐to‐date methods that integrate population genetic features and features of selection on multiple traits. First, we conduct correspondence analysis of site frequency spectra, traits, and environments with auxiliary information of population‐specific fixation index (FST). This visualizes the structure and the ages of populations and helps infer the history of range expansion, encountered environmental changes, and selection on multiple traits. Next, we further investigate the inferred history using an admixture graph that describes the population split and admixture. Finally, principal component analysis of the selection on edge‐by‐trait (SET) matrix identifies multitrait coadaptation and the associated edges of the admixture graph. We introduce a newly defined factor loadings of environmental variables in order to identify the environmental factors that caused the coadaptation. A numerical simulation of one‐dimensional stepping‐stone population expansion showed that the exploratory analysis reconstructed the pattern of the environmental selection that was missed by analysis of individual traits. Analysis of a public dataset of natural populations of black cottonwood in northwestern America identified the first principal component (PC) coadaptation of photosynthesis‐ vs growth‐related traits responding to the geographical clines of temperature and day length. The second PC coadaptation of volume‐related traits suggested that soil condition was a limiting factor for aboveground environmental selection.