bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of sambals, traditional Indonesian chili pastes
Authors: Surya Reggie , Tedjakusuma Felicia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndonesia, a multicultural country, exhibits high diversity of cultural heritage. Sambal, for example, a traditional chili paste or sauce usually consumed as condiment, has been an integral part of Indonesian food culture for centuries. Initially, sambal was prepared using native ingredients such as pepper and ginger. Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), a native American plant, was incorporated in sambal recipes in the sixteenth century and since then, it has been the major ingredient of Indonesian sambal. Each region of Indonesia has its own traditional versions of sambal, distinguishable by its ingredients or production methods. The aim of this review is to identify and establish a profile regarding the diversity and geographical distribution of 110 different varieties of sambal in Indonesia reviewed from various cookbooks. The island of Java exhibits the highest amount of sambal variants (64.5% of sambal variants found in Indonesia) among other islands. More than 80% of the identified Indonesian sambals are prepared by crushing and cooking the ingredients. Some also are served as raw sambals in all islands in Indonesia, except Java and Sumatra. Besides chili pepper, sambal production often involves the use of diverse secondary ingredients that gives a unique identity for every sambal recipe (e.g., fruit, local food, aromatic herbs, etc.). Nowadays, sambal is produced both traditionally for direct consumption and modernly in food industries, thus resulting in commercially packaged sambals with long shelf life. Sambal also has potential to contribute to the nation’s economic conditions, mainly by supporting the development of small and medium enterprises. With regard to novelty, this is the first international review discussing the diversity of sambals in Indonesia in a thorough and comprehensive manner.
Does resilience predict hospital length of stay after total knee arthroplasty? A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: March Marie K. , Harmer Alison R. , Thomas Bijoy , Maitland Amy , Black Deborah , Dennis Sarah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Resilience, or the ability to bounce back from stress, is a key psychological factor that is associated with ongoing functional independence and higher quality of life in older adults in the context of chronic health conditions. Emerging research has explored resilience and patient-reported outcomes after TKA. Our primary aim was to explore the relationship between resilience and acute hospital length of stay after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
A prospective observational study recruited 75 participants one month before total knee arthroplasty from two Australian hospitals. Two preoperative psychological measures were used: the Brief Resilience Scale, and for comparison, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). We collected sociodemographic, medical and surgical details, patient-reported pain, function, fatigue and quality of life one month before TKA. Health service data describing acute hospital length of stay, inpatient rehabilitation use, and physiotherapy occasions of service were collected after TKA. Non-parametric analysis was used to determine any differences in length of stay between those with low or high resilience and DASS-21 scores. Secondary regression analysis explored the preoperative factors affecting acute hospital length of stay.

Results
No significant difference was detected in length of stay between those with a low or a high resilience score before TKA. However, the group reporting psychological symptoms as measured by the DASS-21 before TKA had a significantly longer acute hospital length of stay after TKA compared to those with no psychological symptoms [median length of stay 6 (IQR 2.5) days vs. 5 (IQR 2) days, respectively (Mann-Whitney U = 495.5, P=0.03)]. Multivariate regression analysis showed that anesthetic risk score and fatigue were significant predictors of length of stay, with the overall model demonstrating significance (χ2=12.426, df = 4, P=0.014).

Conclusions
No association was detected between the brief resilience score before TKA and acute hospital length of stay after TKA, however, symptoms on the DASS-21 were associated with longer acute hospital length of stay. Preoperative screening for psychological symptoms using the DASS-21 is useful for health services to identify those at higher risk of longer acute hospital length of stay after TKA.
Does new onset and pre-existing atrial fibrillation predict mortality in COVID-19 patients?
Authors: Aydemir Selim , Aksakal Emrah , Aydınyılmaz Faruk , Gülcü Oktay , Saraç İbrahim , Aydın Sidar Şiyar , Doğan Remziye , Lazoğlu Merve , Kalkan Kamuran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2, still remains prevalent and severe. We aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-existing atrial fibrillation and new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) on the clinical severity and mortality of COVID-19.

Results
Between April and December 2020, 5577 patients with positive PCR and/or COVID-19 compatible findings in computed tomography hospitalized were enrolled retrospectively. Total and in-hospital mortality, need for intensive care unit (ICU), need for mechanical ventilation, and recurrent hospitalization results of 286 patients with pre-existing AF before hospitalization and 82 patients with NOAF during hospitalization were evaluated. Preexisting AF was associated with a 2-fold increase in total and in-hospital mortality [OR (2.16 (1.62–2.89), 2.02 (1.48–2.76), P < 0.001, respectively]. NOAF was associated with a 14-fold increase in total mortality and a 12-fold increase in in-hospital mortality [OR(14.72 (9.22–23.5), 12.56 (8.02–19.68), P < 0.001], respectively]. However, pre-existing AF and NOAF resulted in increased ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and recurrent hospitalization. In the Cox regression analysis, NOAF was observed as an independent risk factor for mortality.

Conclusions
Pre-existing AF and in-hospital NOAF were associated with increased mortality and severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In addition, NOAF was observed as an independent prognostic indicator in terms of total mortality.
Social media usage and loneliness among Princess Nourah University medical students
Authors: Bakry Huny , Almater Asma Abdullah , Alslami Dalia Mohammed , Ajaj Heba Salim , Alsowayan Raghad Adel , Almutairi Asya Fahad , Almoayad Fatmah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Social media addiction has a negative effect on one’s daily lifestyle and impacts one’s physical and psychological health, such as in increased feelings of loneliness. This study examined the prevalence of social media addiction and loneliness and the relationship between them among medical students at the Princess Nourah University. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at the Princess Nourah University. A sample was conducted using a multistage technique. The sample size was 302. The tool was a self-administered paper questionnaire.

Results
Out of 302 participants, 225 (74%) had indications of social media addiction according to the self-reported scale, while around 146 (48%) had self-reported feelings of loneliness. There was a significant weak correlation between the social media addiction and loneliness measures (r = .361; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
A high prevalence of self-reported social media addiction was found in our study and was significantly correlated with self-reported feelings of loneliness. Awareness programmes can be developed and expanded regarding the consequences of social media use and the physical and mental hazards of loneliness.
Does COVID-19 shock endanger the flows of FDI in OECD? Empirical evidence based on AMG panel estimator
Authors: Badmus Jamiu Olamilekan , Bisiriyu Sodiq Olaide , Alawode Oluwadamilola Samuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe role of foreign direct investment flows in the growth and development of any nation cannot be overemphasized. However, different economic issues influence the pattern and flow of several investment channels. Notable among such economic crises is the recent COVID-19 pandemic that ravaged the entire global economy and restricted the flow of foreign investment among countries. With the perceived influence of the pandemic on businesses and investments, this study investigates the impact of COVID-19-related shock on the FDI flows of OECD countries. Using the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) long-run estimator, it reveals that the COVID-19 shock harms FDI inflows across OECD but enhances the outflows of FDI from OECD. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of the Eurozone and non-Eurozone countries in OECD shows that the effect of COVID-19 shock on FDI flows is positive in the former but otherwise in the latter. Hence, the monetary authorities of these countries must implement favorable monetary policies that will enhance new and ongoing investments as well as the expansion of industrial activities. Also, policymakers in this region should encourage the formulation of economic frameworks that are resilient to several global and country-specific economic uncertainties to safeguard the economies from unforeseen circumstances.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID‐19 patients: two cases
Authors: Sivil Ramazan , Selvi Fatih , Bedel Cihan , Korkut Mustafa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a massive epidemic affecting millions of people worldwide. The common radiological findings of COVID-19 are peripheral ground glass or consolidative opacities, but pneumomediastinum is a very rare finding of COVID-19, especially in patients not receiving mechanical ventilation support. Our aim was to present cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in two patients with COVID-19 and to discuss the potential mechanism underlying it.
Sakshi and Dhyana: the origin of mindfulness-based therapies
Authors: Singh Swaran P. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMindfulness-based therapies (MBTs) have shown promising results in non-psychotic disorders. Unlike most other psychotherapy models, which are claimed to be Western in origin, MBTs are firmly based in Indian philosophy and traditions. This paper summarises the concepts of the observer self (sakshi) and attention (dhyana) that underlie the principles and practice of MBT, correcting some erroneous assumptions in the process. It is argued that better understanding of these concepts is beneficial not just for specialist psychotherapists, but for all clinicians interested in the craft of healing.
Not Going Anywhere: Local Protests as Post-global Politics
Authors: Lahiri Madhumita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive restrictions on travel and migration effectively destroyed the global mobility of persons, while widespread supply chain disruptions meant that commodities were no longer as globally mobile. Drawing on this 2020 context, this article shows how 2020’s Black Lives Matter protests indicate the contours of what we might think of as a “post-global” politics: that is, a movement that reflects a globally informed analysis but nonetheless draws only implicitly on ideas of global commonality. National movements affirm the unity of national space, but BLM insists on its very unevenness; internationalism seeks to forge communities across regions and nations, but BLM takes the unity and transportability of “Black” as a given; globalization discourse argues that the world is coming ever closer together, but BLM lays claim to no future unity. This article demonstrates this post-global conceptualization through two of 2020’s most successful novels: Brit Bennett's The Vanishing Half and Charles Yu's Interior Chinatown. What, then, is the analytic value of worldwide comparisons for a post-global movement? To answer this question, the US-based BLM protests of 2020 are considered alongside Indian politics in the same period, both through the Indian farmers’ protests that began in late 2020 and through an analysis of a successful 2020 US novel about India, Megha Majumdar's A Burning. This novel was explicitly connected by US readers to BLM's critiques of state violence against minority populations, yet the book itself feels claustrophobically small. Through the combined analysis of these three recent literary successes, this article shows how a post-global politics is reshaping US understandings of racialization.
The role of intermediaries in connecting community-dwelling adults to local physical activity and exercise: A scoping review protocol
Authors: O'Grady Megan , Barrett Emer , Broderick Julie , Connolly Deirdre 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a major global issue affecting health. Promoting, supporting and encouraging physical activity amongst community-dwelling adults is essential. An intermediary is a clinical or non-clinical professional based in primary care, community or voluntary settings. They support individuals referred to them to connect with appropriate community services with the goal of improving health and wellbeing. This may be a promising method to establish a connection to local physical activity and exercise; however the process has been poorly described to date. Objective: The objectives of this scoping review will be to identify and summarise the literature describing the process of connecting community-dwelling adults to an intermediary, the characteristics of these adults, the processes (role, practice and procedure) of an intermediary in connecting these adults to local physical activity and exercise opportunities, and to map these processes of connection to outcomes. Methods: This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the scoping review methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. A comprehensive search strategy will identify relevant studies in Embase, Medline, Web of Science and CINAHL, along with a structured grey literature search. Studies which describe an intermediary connecting community-dwelling adults (aged ≥18 years) to local physical activity and exercise will be included. Data will be charted and narratively summarised. Intermediary processes will be mapped to outcomes related to physical activity, and the PAGER (patterns, advances, gaps, evidence for practice and research recommendations) framework will be used to identify evidence gaps and research recommendations. Conclusions: This scoping review will be the first to describe the process of an intermediary connecting community dwelling adults to local physical activity and exercise. This review will identify, map and summarise the existing research on the processes and outcomes. The results will also identify any evidence gaps and will guide future research.
Effect of taurine administration on symptoms, severity, or clinical outcome of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure in humans: a systematic review
Authors: McGurk Kathryn A. , Kasapi Melpomeni , Ware James S. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Taurine, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is an amino acid found in animal products. Taurine is produced for human consumption as a supplement and ingredient in beverages. Supplementation is a safe, inexpensive, and effective treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in domestic mammals, however it is currently unlicensed in Europe and the United States for human medical treatment. Recent genome-wide association studies of DCM have identified the locus of the taurine transporter (SLC6A6). To assess whether taurine supplementation may be a novel therapeutic option for DCM, we undertook a systematic review. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central Register, Web of Science, Biomed Central) were searched until 11/03/21. Included studies of human participants reported measured phenotypes or symptoms for cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), or altered left ventricle structure or function, administering taurine in any formulation, by any method. Non-English articles were excluded. Meta-analysis was completed in R software (version 3.6.0). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment score (NOQAS) tool was used to assess bias. Results: 285 articles were identified, of which eleven met our criteria for inclusion. Only one paper was deemed “high quality” using the NOQAS tool. Taurine supplementation varied across studies; by dose (500 mg to 6g per day), frequency (once to thrice daily), delivery method (tablet, capsule, drink, powder), and duration (2 to 48 weeks). Patient inclusion was all-cause HF patients with ejection fraction (EF) <50% and no study was specific to DCM. While improvements in diastolic and systolic function, exercise capacity, and haemodynamic parameters were described, only EF and stroke volume were measured in enough studies to complete a meta-analysis; the association was not significant with all-cause HF (P<0.05). No significant safety concerns were reported. Conclusions: A formal clinical trial is needed to address whether taurine supplementation is beneficial to the approximately 1/250 individuals with DCM in the population.
Anti-spike antibody trajectories in individuals previously immunised with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 following a BNT162b2 booster dose
Authors: Yavlinsky Alexei , Beale Sarah , Nguyen Vincent , Shrotri Madhumita , Byrne Thomas , Geismar Cyril , Fragaszy Ellen , Hoskins Susan , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Navaratnam Annalan M D , Braithwaite Isobel , Patel Parth , Kovar Jana , Hayward Andrew , Aldridge Robert W 
Published: July 2022

Background: The two most common SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the UK, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca), employ different immunogenic mechanisms. Compared to BNT162b2, two-dose immunisation with ChAdOx1 induces substantially lower peak anti-spike antibody (anti-S) levels and is associated with a higher risk of breakthrough infections. To provide preliminary indication of how a third booster BNT162b2 dose impacts anti-S levels, we performed a cross-sectional analysis using capillary blood samples from vaccinated adults participating in Virus Watch, a prospective community cohort study in England and Wales. Methods: Blood samples were analysed using Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay. We analysed anti-S levels by week since the third dose for vaccines administered on or after 1 September 2021 and stratified the results by second-dose vaccine type (ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2), age, sex and clinical vulnerability. Results: Anti-S levels peaked at two weeks post-booster for BNT162b2 (22,185 U/mL; 95%CI: 21,406-22,990) and ChAdOx1 second-dose recipients (19,203 U/mL; 95%CI: 18,094-20,377). These were higher than the corresponding peak antibody levels post-second dose for BNT162b2 (12,386 U/mL; 95%CI: 9,801-15,653, week 2) and ChAdOx1 (1,192 U/mL; 95%CI: 818-1735, week 3). No differences emerged by second dose vaccine type, age, sex or clinical vulnerability. Anti-S levels declined post-booster for BNT162b2 (half-life=44 days) and ChAdOx1 second dose recipients (half-life=40 days). These rates of decline were steeper than those post-second dose for BNT162b2 (half-life=54 days) and ChAdOx1 (half-life=80 days). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that peak anti-S levels are higher post-booster than post-second dose, but levels are projected to be similar after six months for BNT162b2 recipients. Higher peak anti-S levels post-booster may partially explain the increased effectiveness of booster vaccination compared to two-dose vaccination against symptomatic infection with the Omicron variant. Faster waning trajectories post-third dose may have implications for the timing of future booster campaigns or four-dose vaccination regimens for the clinically vulnerable.
Preparing for Mental Health Act reform: Pilot study of co-produced implementation strategies for Advance Choice Documents
Authors: Stephenson Lucy A. , Gergel Tania , Ruck Keene Alex , Rifkin Larry , Owen Gareth 
Published: July 2022

Background Advance Decision Making (ADM) is strongly supported by stakeholders but implementation remains challenging. In England and Wales, implementation strategies are urgently required to prepare for the introduction of mental health ‘Advance Choice Documents’ (ACDs) as part of Mental Health Act reforms. We report on a pilot project which aimed to co-produce and evaluate implementation strategies for ACDs with those who experience fluctuating mental capacity in the context of bipolar. Methods A co-produced prototype ACD template was piloted in ‘Plan, Do, Study Act’ (PDSA) cycles. Implementation strategies were co-produced with participants and mapped onto the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) framework. Strategies were evaluated during thematically analysed qualitative interviews. Results We piloted the template with 17 service users during 5 successive PDSA cycles and conducted 75 in depth interviews with stakeholders. Key strategies identified as accessible, appropriate and feasible were: interactive assistance from an independent ‘supporter’, a structured template and active offers of involvement to service users and informal carers. Conclusions Mental health professionals and organisations must prepare for increased expectations around mental health ADM. We recommend further pilot projects and the establishment of ‘ACD workshops’. Resource is essential to fund independent ‘supporters’, training, network building and embedding ADM in clinical pathways.
Consent, decisional capacity and guardianship in mental health research
Authors: Undurraga Juan , Negussie Hanna , Wendler David 
Published: July 2022

Background: Research with adults who cannot give informed consent has important social value. However, enrolling adults who cannot consent in research raises significant ethical concerns. Methods: To evaluate how researchers in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) can assess individuals’ decisional capacity, and the conditions under which it is appropriate to include and the conditions under which it is appropriate to exclude individuals who lack decisional capacity. Results: In LMICs, where resources may be limited, implementing protections for adults with decisional incapacity can be especially challenging. Recognition of the ethical concerns, and awareness of the circumstances and available resources, offers the means to protect these vulnerable participants. Conclusions: Researchers in low and middle-income countries should be aware of steps they can take to ensure appropriate protections for subjects with decisional impairments while conducting clinical trials on methods to improve their clinical care.
Capability Building in Sluggish Organizations
Authors: Eliaz Kfir , Spiegler Ran 
Published: July 2022

In order to thrive, organizations need to build and maintain an ability to meet unexpected external challenges. Yet many organizations are sluggish: their capabilities can only undergo incremental changes over time. What are the stochastic processes governing “routinely occurring” challenges that best prepare a sluggish organization for unexpected challenges? We address this question with a stylized principal-agent model. The “agent” represents a sluggish organization that can only change its capability by one unit at a time, and the “principal” represents the organization’s head or its competitive environment. The principal commits ex ante to a Markov process over challenge levels. We characterize the process that maximizes long-run capability for both myopic and arbitrarily patient agents. We show how stochastic, time-varying challenges dramatically improve a sluggish organization’s preparedness for sudden challenges. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: This work was supported by the Foerder Institute for Economic Research.