bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Course of Splenic Cytokine mRNA and Hormones during a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Toads
Authors: Floreste Felipe R , Titon Braz , Titon Stefanny C M , Muxel Sandra M , Gomes Fernando R , Assis Vania R 
Published: March 2022

SynopsisInflammation comprises alterations in glucocorticoids (in amphibians, corticosterone—CORT) and melatonin (MEL) levels, two hormones with immunomodulatory effects on cytokine production in several vertebrates. Cytokines mediate inflammation progress differently depending on their function. While some are secreted during the acute phase of the immune response, others prevail during the resolution phase. Major efforts have been made to understand the interaction of endocrine mediators and cytokine production in endotherms, but little is known for ectotherms so far. Characterizing the stages of inflammation and their interplay with endocrine mediators is crucial for an assertive and integrative approach to amphibian physiology and ecoimmunology. Herein, we investigated CORT and MEL plasma levels as well as splenic cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) mRNA levels during the progression of the inflammatory response in toads (Rhinella diptycha) in four time-points (1, 3, 6, and 18 h) after an immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using independent samples. Toads were responsive to LPS, with all hormones and cytokines affected by LPS. IL-1β and IL-6 were up-regulated after 1 h, but IL-1β decreased right after 3 h, while IL-6 sustained up-regulation throughout all time-points. IL-10 had not been detected until 6 h post-LPS-stimulation, when it showed up-regulation, along with a CORT increase at the same time-point. After 18 h, CORT levels were still high, and IL-1β was up-regulated again, along with up-regulated IL-6 and an IL-10 decrease. We also found positive correlations between IL-1β with IL-6 for LPS and saline groups. LPS-treated individuals showed an overall decrease in MEL plasma levels compared to saline counterparts. Our results showcase the early endocrine and molecular events of the amphibian immune response. We also report activation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–interrenal (HPI) axis during inflammation and increasing evidence for an immune–pineal axis to be described in amphibians.
Multiple and Diffuse Gliomas by 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: García Vicente Ana María , Pérez-Beteta Julian , Bosque Jesús J. , Soriano Castrejón Ángel María , Pérez-García Víctor Manuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gliomas are characterized by an inherent diffuse and irregular morphology that prevents defining a boundary between tumor and healthy tissue, both in imaging assessment and surgical field. The effective identification of the extent of the disease in diffuse and multiple gliomas is crucial for their management but doing so by radiological means can be challenging. We present a broad spectrum of diffuse and multiple gliomas using 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT, demonstrating the potential of metabolic imaging in the evaluation of these gliomas, with implications in patient clinical management and outcome.
Antecedents and consequences of internet addiction among school and college students: evidence from India
Authors: Balasubramanian Nidhya , Parayitam Satyanarayana 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Internet addiction (IA) has become a global health problem. As the research on IA has progressed, this study aims to explore the antecedents and consequences of IA, particularly in the Indian context. A conceptual model was developed, and hypotheses were formulated based on the conceptual model and the hypotheses were tested.

Design/methodology/approach
This study investigated 752 schools and collected students from the southern part of India. First, psychometric properties of the survey instrument were tested, and hierarchical regression was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The results revealed that time spent on the internet every day is positively related to IA, internet experience in terms of years is positively related to IA, income and gender moderates the relationship between time spent every day on the internet and internet experience and IA and IA is positively related to time spent on networking, video streaming, short video apps, educational apps, chat apps, online shopping apps, money-involved apps, etc.

Practical implications
The outcomes of this study are essential for the school and college students and their parents. As IA has become chronic in the present-day digital world, it is necessary to take rectification measures to avoid facing the perils of IA. The conceptual model provides a simple framework of explaining how young students spend their time on the internet to become addicted gradually. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of controlling the younger generation's behavior, particularly regarding internet use.

Originality/value
This study is unique and innovative to the extent that it explores the antecedents of IA and the moderating role of gender and income in the relationship between the time spent on the internet and the IA. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, developing a conceptual model is the first of its kind to study school and college students in India.
Gender achievement gap in the national secondary education examination in Ethiopia
Authors: Abegaz Melaku , Eftekari Hossein 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis paper examines the gender achievement gap in the Ethiopian secondary education system using tenth-grade national examination results for the period 2002/03–2013/14.Design/methodology/approachStatistical tests are employed to determine equality of the average male and female GPAs (grade point average), and equality of the proportions of female and male test-takers in the upper and lower achievement distributions. Further, a panel fixed effects model is used to evaluate factors that affect the regional average GPAs by gender and to determine whether those factors could explain observed gender achievement gaps.FindingsResults indicate statistically significant gender achievement gaps in all regional states and the capital city. The gap has been persistent with a minor declining trend and will not be closed if continued at the current trend. The authors also find that the regional average male and female test scores could be explained partially by factors such as pupil-teacher ratio, the proportion of rural students and access to secondary schools. These factors, however, cannot explain the observed gender achievement gap.Originality/valueThe study uses regional data collected from the annual educational abstracts published by the Ethiopian ministry of education. It investigates the trends of the gender achievement gaps across the regional states and overtime at the tenth-grade level. It depicts the persistence of the gap hindering girls from furthering their education.
Isoginkgetin inhibits inflammatory response in the fibroblast‐like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing matrix metallopeptidase 9 expression
Authors: Shao Nan , Feng Zhibo , Li Nannan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInflammatory and invasive fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) contribute to the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Isoginkgetin (IGKG) has been identified as having anti‐inflammatory properties. This study investigated whether IGKG could be utilized to treat RA. Primary FLS were isolated from synovial tissues derived from six RA patients, which were over‐expressed with matrix metallopeptidase 9 and cultured with or without tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and then further treated with IGKG. IGKG down‐regulated the content of various interleukins (ILs), namely, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8, in RA‐FLS supernatant with or without TNF‐α stimulation, with diminished migration and invasion properties as assayed by the transwell system. Furthermore, down‐regulated inflammatory cytokine secretion and down‐regulated migration and invasion properties could be reversed through matrix metallopeptidase 9 overexpression. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that IGKG could inhibit nuclear factor kappa B transcription activity. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that IGKG down‐regulated the expression of p‐IκBα, p‐p65, and MMP9. IGKG displayed the ability to inhibit the inflammatory response of RA‐FLS through the NF‐κB/MMP9 pathway with diminished migration and invasion.
Plant-associated fungi affect above- and belowground pest responses to soybean plants
Authors: Rivera-Vega Loren J. , Zhou Wenqing , Buchman Leah W. , Valencia Cesar U. , Jack Allison L. H. , Castillo Lopez Diana , Sword Gregory A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aim
The objective of this research was to screen fungal isolates originally isolated from cotton plants and measure their effects on the interactions between soybean and two aboveground pests (cabbage looper; Trichoplusia ni and soybean looper; Chrysodeixis includens) as well as a belowground pest (soybean cyst nematode; Heterodera glycines).

Methods and Results
For aboveground pests, we measured the leaf area consumed and larval weight. For our belowground pest tests, we measured shoot height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight and number of cysts. Out of the 50 fungal isolates tested, we tested 30 fungi in the interaction with cabbage looper, 36 for soybean looper, 41 for soybean cyst nematode. We tested 23 isolates against all pests and identified multiple isolates that significantly changed the response of pests on inoculated soybean plants versus controls.

Conclusions
We identified three fungal isolates that significantly reduced both leaf area consumed aboveground by caterpillars and number of cysts produced belowground by nematodes. These isolates were an Epicoccum italicum, a Chaetomium undulatum and a Stemphylium majusculum.

Significance and Impact of Study
Overall, this study provides important insights into plant-fungal interactions and their effect on both above- and belowground pests. This study also highlights an important first step towards harnessing the potential of microbial inoculates as a tool for integrated pest management in soybeans.
The application and research progress of bacteriophages in food safety
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Zhao Xihong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The abuse of antibiotics and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria aggravate the problem of food safety. Finding safe and efficient antibiotic substitutes is an inevitable demand for ensuring the safety of animal-derived food. Bacteriophages are a kind of virus that can infect bacteria, fungi or actinomycetes. They have advantages of simple structure, strong specificity and nontoxic side effects for the human body. Bacteriophages can not only differentiate live cells from dead ones but also detect bacteria in a viable but nonculturable state. These characteristics make bacteriophages more and more widely used in the food industry. This paper describes the concept and characteristics of bacteriophages, and introduces the application of bacteriophages in preharvest production, food processing, storage and sales. Several methods of using bacteriophages to detect foodborne pathogens are listed. Finally, the advantages and limitations of bacteriophages in the food industry are summarized, and the application prospect of bacteriophages in the food industry is discussed.
Análisis factorial confirmatorio de una escala de disposición al aprendizaje autodirigido en estudiantes de pedagogía chilenos
Authors: Cerda Cristian , León Miriam , Saiz José L. , Villegas Lorena 
Published: March 2022

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito analizar la estructura factorial de una escala de disposición al aprendizaje autodirigido, identificando el mejor ajuste entre tres estructuras factoriales disponibles en la literatura. Adicionalmente, se analizó la relación entre los factores de la escala (autogestión, autocontrol y deseos de aprender) y las variables sexo (hombres 53.3 % y mujeres 46.7 %), situación académica (al día 55.7 % y no al día 44.3 %) y edad de los participantes (M = 21.9, DE = 3.4). Contestaron el instrumento, de 40 ítems, 546 estudiantes de pedagogía de una universidad pública ubicada en el sur de Chile. La estructura factorial con mejor ajuste (Autogestión RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94, SRMR = 0.04; autocontrol RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.94, SRMR = 0.04 y deseos de aprender RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.03) mostró que las variables autogestión y deseos de aprender presentan diferencias en situación académica (Autogestión t = -4.48, p < 0.001; deseos de aprender t = 4.34, p < 0.001), mientras que la variable autocontrol muestra diferencias según sexo (t = 2.72, p < 0.01). Un análisis de regresión múltiple estableció que la situación académica de los estudiantes es predictora de aprendizaje autodirigido. Nuevas investigaciones, usando este instrumento, permitirían generar avances en la identificación de una estructura factorial sólida que dé cuenta del aprendizaje autodirigido en la población chilena de estudiantes de pedagogía.
Cost-effectiveness of ambulatory care management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: an open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Luengo-Fernandez Ramon , Landeiro Filipa , Hallifax Rob , Rahman Najib M 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAmbulatory management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax has been shown to reduce initial hospitalisation, but at the expense of increase adverse events. As a result, questions remain about the cost-effectiveness of this option.ObjectivesA within-trial economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial was performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of ambulatory care when compared with standard guideline-based management.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to treatment with either an ambulatory device or standard guideline-based management (aspiration, standard chest tube insertion or both). Follow-up was 12 months. Outcomes included healthcare resource use and costs, quality of life, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and cost-effectiveness.Results236 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to ambulatory care (n=117) and standard care (n=119). After multiple imputation for missing data, patients in the ambulatory care group had significantly lower National Health Service healthcare costs (−£788, 95% CI difference: −1527 to −50; p=0.037) than those in the standard care group. There were no differences in the number of QALYs gained (mean difference: −0.001, 95% CI difference: −0.032 to 0.030; p=0.95). When standard care was compared with ambulatory care, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was £799 066 per QALY gained, well above current thresholds of cost-effectiveness. As a result, the probability of ambulatory care being cost-effective was 0.93.ConclusionOutpatient ambulatory management is highly likely to be a cost-effective option in the management of primary pneumothorax.Trial registration numberISRCTN79151659.
Metabolism disorder promotes isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in mice with high temperature and high humidity and high-fat diet
Authors: Lan Taohua , Zeng Qiaohuang , Jiang Wei , Liu Tong , Xu Wenjing , Yao Ping , Lu Weihui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Isoproterenol (ISO), a synthetic on selective β-adrenergic agonist, provides a simple and non-invasive method for inducing myocardial injury with lower mortality and higher reproducibility. Phlegm-damp syndrome, as known as “Tanshi” in Chinese, is one of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation, which plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

Methods
In our present study, a myocardial injury mouse model was introduced by ISO administration combined with high temperature and high humidity and high-fat diet to simulate phlegm-damp syndrome. Nontargeted metabolomics with LC–MS/MS was adopted to reveal serum metabolism profile for elucidating the possible molecular mechanism.

Results
The results of our study showed that phlegm-damp syndrome promoted ISO-induced myocardial injury by aggravating left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, and increasing cardiac index. Our study also confirmed the presence of specific metabolites and disturbed metabolic pathways by comparing ISO mice and Tanshi mice, mainly including glycerophospholipid metabolism, arginine–proline metabolism, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. The lysoPCs, PCs, SMs, Sphingosine, and L-Arginine were the main metabolites that showed a difference between ISO and Tanshi mice, which might be the result of the underlying mechanism in the promotion of ISO-induced myocardial injury in mice with high temperature and high humidity and high-fat diet.

Conclusion
Our current study provides new insights into contribution of metabolism disorder in promotion of ISO-induced myocardial injury in mice with high temperature and high humidity and high-fat diet, and new targets for clinical diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment of cardiovascular disease with phlegm-damp syndrome.
Sexual risk-taking behaviors among young migrant population in Sweden
Authors: Causevic Sara , Salazar Mariano , Orsini Nicola , Kågesten Anna , Ekström Anna Mia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Migration is a complex process of high uncertainty with adjustments to new contexts and experiences influencing individuals’ health. This study aims to assess the prevalence of self-reported sexual risk-taking behaviors among migrant youth population in Sweden, fulfilling the research gap in that field.

Methods
A pre-tested, web-based self-administered cross-sectional survey was used to collect data among 1563 migrant youth (15–25 years old) in Sweden. The survey was conducted in high schools and Swedish language schools for foreigners between December 2018 and November 2019. Pearson chi-square and t-tests were used to compare whether sociodemographic characteristics and migration status varied between those engaging in sexual risk behaviors or not. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted odds ratio of the key outcome variable and independent variables.

Results
There is a profound heterogeneity in migrant youth characteristics related to engagement in different sexual risk-taking behaviors. Those engaging in condomless sex were older, coming from the Americas and Europe, living longer in Sweden and came to live with their family. Belonging to the Islamic religion was a protective factor. Sex under the influence of drugs was related to those from Europe, and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and coming to Sweden to work/study, where age was a protective factor. Living longer in Sweden, coming for work/study or to live with family had higher odds to engage in sex in exchange for gifts/money.

Conclusion
The results highlight the needed reconsideration of the broader system response that can influence migrant youth health outcomes and public health implications. The approach should consider and relate to sexual risk-taking behavior’s long-term consequences. Migrant youth background needs and knowledge should guide this response.
Cephalometric measurements performed on CBCT and reconstructed lateral cephalograms: a cross-sectional study providing a quantitative approach of differences and bias
Authors: Baldini Benedetta , Cavagnetto Davide , Baselli Giuseppe , Sforza Chiarella , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cephalometric analysis is traditionally performed on skull lateral teleradiographs for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the skull flattened over a 2D film presents projection distortions and superimpositions to various extents depending on landmarks relative position. When a CBCT scan is indicated for mixed reasons, cephalometric assessments can be performed directly on CBCT scans with a distortion free procedure. The aim of the present study is to compare these two methods for orthodontic cephalometry.

Methods
114 CBCTs were selected, reconstructed lateral cephalometries were obtained by lateral radiographic projection of the entire volume from the right and left sides. 2D and 3D cephalometric tracings were performed. Since paired t-tests between left and right-side measurements found no statistically significant differences, mean values between sides were considered for both 2D and 3D values. The following measurements were evaluated: PNS-A; S-N; N-Me; N-ANS; ANS-Me; Go-Me; Go-S; Go-Co; SNA, SNB, ANB; BaŜN; S-N^PNS-ANS; PNS-ANS^Go-Me; S-N^Go-Me. Intraclass correlation coefficients, paired t-test, correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis were performed to compare these techniques.

Results
The values of intra- and inter-rater ICC showed excellent repeatability and reliability: the average (± SD) intraobserver ICCs were 0.98 (± 0.01) and 0.97(± 0.01) for CBCT and RLCs, respectively; Inter-rater reliability resulted in an average ICC (± SD) of 0.98 (± 0.01) for CBCT and 0.94 (± 0.03) for RLC. The paired t-tests between CBCT and reconstructed lateral cephalograms revealed that Go-Me, Go-S, PNS-ANS^Go-Me and S-N^Go-Me measurements were statistically different between the two modalities. All the evaluated sets of measurements showed strong positive correlation; the bias and ranges for the 95% Limits of Agreement showed higher levels of agreement between the two modalities for unpaired measurements with respect to bilateral ones.

Conclusion
The cephalometric measurements laying on the mid-sagittal plane can be evaluated on CBCT and used for orthodontic diagnosis as they do not show statistically significant differences with those measured on 2D lateral cephalograms. For measurements that are not in the mid-sagittal plane, the future development of specific algorithms for distortion correction could help clinicians deduct all the information needed for orthodontic diagnosis from the CBCT scan.