bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between closed‐mindedness and militant extremism in a post‐conflict society
Authors: Knežević Goran , Lazarevic Ljiljana B. , Međedović Janko , Petrović Boban , Stankov Lazar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the role of socio‐political attitudes and motivational tendencies supposed to mark closed‐mindedness, as well as other relevant variables of individual differences (Disintegration, i.e., proneness to psychotic‐like experiences/behaviors and Death Anxiety), in the Militant Extremist Mindset (MEM). A community sample of 600 young respondents (Serbs, Bosniaks, and Albanians, aged 18–30) was recruited within a multiethnic region of Serbia that experienced armed conflict during the break‐up of the former Yugoslavia. The best‐fitted SEM model, incorporating measurement and structural relationships between the variables, showed that the latent factor of Closed‐mindedness predicted all three aspects of MEM as well as Neighborhood Grudge, that is, resentment toward neighboring ethnicities. The effects of Disintegration and Death Anxiety on MEM were entirely mediated by Closed‐mindedness. Compared to previous findings, Closed‐mindedness appears to represent the most important set of cognitive and motivational tendencies that channel protracted intergroup tensions into militant extremism.
Characteristics of systemic inflammation and brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Xu Jinghui , He Xiaofei , Xu Yunqi , Chen Xi , Li Mingyue , Zhang Liying , Fu Xiaodi , Pan Mengqiu , Wang Qun , Hu Xiquan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed at determining the characteristics of systemic inflammation and brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.MethodsThirty two PD patients and 30 gender‐ as well as age‐matched controls were enrolled. Serum interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐33, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, ferritin, iron, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels were assayed. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to quantitatively analyze brain iron accumulation in the regions of interest (ROIs). Correlations between concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers for peripheral iron metabolism, brain iron deposition were evaluated in the PD group.ResultsSerum concentrations of IL‐1β and IL‐33 were found to be significantly elevated in the PD group compared to the control group, and in early‐stage PD group compared to advanced‐stage PD group. Total QSM value for bilateral ROIs was significantly elevated in the PD group compared to the control group, and in advanced‐stage PD group compared to early‐stage PD group. There was a significant inverse correlation between serum IL‐1β concentration and total QSM value for bilateral ROIs, between serum ferritin, iron, TIBC concentrations, and total QSM value for bilateral ROIs in PD patients. However, there was no significant correlation between serum IL‐1β concentrations and serum ferritin, iron, TIBC concentrations in PD patients.InterpretationThe inflammatory state and chronic brain iron deposition progression in PD patients might be asynchronous. Alterations in systemic inflammation were not correlated with peripheral iron metabolism and might not contribute to the aggravation of brain iron deposition in PD patients.
Atomic Structure Modification of Fe‒N‒C Catalysts via Morphology Engineering of Graphene for Enhanced Conversion Kinetics of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kim Jiheon , Kim Seong‐Jun , Jung Euiyeon , Mok Dong Hyeon , Paidi Vinod K. , Lee Jaewoo , Lee Hyeon Seok , Jeoun Yunseo , Ko Wonjae , Shin Heejong , Lee Byoung‐Hoon , Kim Shin‐Yeong , Kim Hyunjoong , Kim Ji Hwan , Cho Sung‐Pyo , Lee Kug‐Seung , Back Seoin , Yu Seung‐Ho , Sung Yung‐Eun , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom M‒N‒C catalysts have attracted tremendous attention for their application to electrocatalysis. Nitrogen‐coordinated mononuclear metal moieties (MNx moities) are bio‐inspired active sites that are analogous to various metal‐porphyrin cofactors. Given that the functions of metal‐porphyrin cofactors are highly dependent on the local coordination environments around the mononuclear active site, engineering MNx active sites in heterogeneous M‒N‒C catalysts would provide an additional degree of freedom for boosting their electrocatalytic activity. This work presents a local coordination structure modification of FeN4 moieties via morphological engineering of graphene support. Introducing highly wrinkled structure in graphene matrix induces nonplanar distortion of FeN4 moieties, resulting in the modification of electronic structure of mononuclear Fe. Electrochemical analysis combined with first‐principles calculations reveal that enhanced electrocatalytic lithium polysulfide conversion, especially the Li2S redox step, is attributed to the local structure modified FeN4 active sites, while increased specific surface area also contributes to improved performance at low C‐rates. Owing to the synergistic combination of atomic‐level modified FeN4 active sites and morphological advantage of graphene support, Fe‒N‒C catalysts with wrinkled graphene morphology show superior lithium–sulfur battery performance at both low and high C‐rates (particularly 915.9 mAh g−1 at 5 C) with promising cycling stability.
Highly Active and Durable Single‐Atom Tungsten‐Doped NiS0.5Se0.5 Nanosheet @ NiS0.5Se0.5 Nanorod Heterostructures for Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Jinfeng , Chen Zelin , Zheng Xuerong , Tian Zhangliu , Zhao Naiqin , Han Xiaopeng , Zaghib Karim , Wang Yuesheng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeveloping robust and highly active non‐precious electrocatalysts for the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) is crucial for the industrialization of hydrogen energy. In this study, a highly active and durable single‐atom W‐doped NiS0.5Se0.5 nanosheet @ NiS0.5Se0.5 nanorod heterostructure (W‐NiS0.5Se0.5) electrocatalyst is prepared. W‐NiS0.5Se0.5 exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the HER and OER with ultralow overpotentials (39 and 106 mV for the HER and 171 and 239 mV for the OER at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively) and excellent long‐term durability (500 h), outperforming commercial precious‐metal catalysts and many other previously reported transition‐metal‐based compounds (TMCs). The introduction of single‐atom W delocalizes the spin state of Ni, which results in an increase in the Ni d‐electron density. This causes the optimization of the adsorption/desorption process of H and a significant reduction in the adsorption free energy of the rate‐determining step (O* → OOH*), thus accelerating the thermodynamics and kinetics of the HER and OER. This work provides a rational feasible strategy to design single‐atom catalysts for water splitting and to develop advanced TMC electrocatalysts by regulating delocalized spin states.
Printed Thermoelectrics
Authors: Burton Matthew , Howells Geraint , Atoyo Jonathan , Carnie Matthew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe looming impact of climate change and the diminishing supply of fossil fuels both highlight the need for a transition to more sustainable energy sources. While solar and wind can produce much of the energy needed, to meet all our energy demands there is a need for a diverse sustainable energy generation mix. Thermoelectrics can play a vital role in this, by harvesting otherwise wasted heat energy and converting it into useful electrical energy. While efficient thermoelectric materials have been known since the 1950s, thermoelectrics have not been utilized beyond a few niche applications. This can in part be attributed to the high cost of manufacturing and the geometrical restraints of current commercial manufacturing techniques. Printing offers a potential route to manufacture thermoelectric materials at a lower price point and allows for the fabrication of generators that are custom built to meet the waste heat source requirements. This review details the significant progress that has been made in recent years in printing of thermoelectric materials in all thermoelectric material groups and printing methods, and highlights very recent publications that show printing can now offer comparable performance to commercially manufactured thermoelectric materials.
Direct Observation of Strong Anomalous Hall Effect and Proximity‐Induced Ferromagnetic State in SrIrO3
Authors: Jaiswal Arun Kumar , Wang Di , Wollersen Vanessa , Schneider Rudolf , Tacon Matthieu Le , Fuchs Dirk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 5d iridium‐based transition metal oxides have gained broad interest because of their strong spin–orbit coupling, which favors new or exotic quantum electronic states. On the other hand, they rarely exhibit more mainstream orders like ferromagnetism due to generally weak electron–electron correlation strength. Here, a proximity‐induced ferromagnetic (FM) state with TC ≈ 100 K and strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy is shown in a SrIrO3 (SIO) heterostructure via interfacial charge transfer by using a ferromagnetic insulator in contact with SIO. Electrical transport allows to selectively probe the FM state of the SIO layer and the direct observation of a strong, intrinsic, and positive anomalous Hall effect (AHE). For T ≤ 20 K, the AHE displays unusually large coercive and saturation field, a fingerprint of a strong pseudospin–lattice coupling. A Hall angle, σxyAHE/σxx, larger by an order of magnitude than in typical 3d metals and an FM net moment of about 0.1 μB/Ir, is reported. This emphasizes how efficiently the nontrivial topological band properties of SIO can be manipulated by structural modifications and the exchange interaction with 3d TMOs.
Realizing 19.05% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells by Progressively Improving Charge Extraction and Suppressing Charge Recombination
Authors: Chong Kaien , Xu Xiaopeng , Meng Huifeng , Xue Jingwei , Yu Liyang , Ma Wei , Peng Qiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImproving charge extraction and suppressing charge recombination are critically important to minimize the loss of absorbed photons and improve the device performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, highly efficient PSCs are demonstrated by progressively improving the charge extraction and suppressing the charge recombination through the combination of side‐chain engineering of new nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), adopting ternary blends, and introducing volatilizable solid additives. The 2D side chains on BTP‐Th induce a certain steric hindrance for molecular packing and phase separation, which is mitigated by fluorination of side chains on BTP‐FTh. Moreover, by introducing two highly crystalline molecules as the second acceptor and volatilizable solid additive, respectively, into the BTP‐FTh‐based host blend, the molecular crystallinity is significantly improved and the blend morphology is finely optimized. As expected, enhanced charge extraction and suppressed charge recombination are progressively realized, contributing to the largely improved fill factor (FF) of the resultant devices. Accompanied by the enhanced open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current density (Jsc), a record high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.05% is realized finally.
Achieving Remarkable Charge Density via Self‐Polarization of Polar High‐k Material in a Charge‐Excitation Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Wu Huiyuan , He Wencong , Shan Chuncai , Wang Zhao , Fu Shaoke , Tang Qian , Guo Hengyu , Du Yan , Liu Wenlin , Hu Chenguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBoosting output charge density is top priority for achieving high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The charge‐excitation strategy is demonstrated to be a superior approach to acquire high output charge density. Meanwhile, the molecular charge behaviors in the dielectric under a strong electric field from high charge density bring new physics that are worth exploring. Here, a rapid self‐polarization effect of a polar dielectric material by the superhigh electric field in a charge‐excitation TENG is reported, by which the permittivity of the polar dielectric material realizes self‐increase to a saturation, and thus enhances the output charge density. Consequently, an ultrahigh charge density of 3.53 mC m−2 is obtained with 7 µm homemade lead zirconate titanate−poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite film in the atmosphere with 5% relative humidity, which is the highest charge density for TENGs with high durability currently. This work provides new guidance for dielectric material optimization under charge excitation to boost the output performance of TENGs toward practical applications.
Clinical impact of perirenal thickness on short‐ and long‐term outcomes of gastric cancer after curative surgery
Authors: Eto Kojiro , Yoshida Naoya , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Iwagami Shiro , Nakamura Kenichi , Morita Keisuke , Ikeshima Satoshi , Horino Kei , Shimada Shinya , Baba Hideo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundA variety of factors for short‐ and long‐term outcomes have been reported after radical resection for gastric cancer (GC). Obesity and emaciation had been reported to be a cause of poor short‐ and long‐term outcomes with gastrointestinal cancer. However, the indicators are still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between perirenal thickness (PT) and short‐ and long‐term outcomes after radical surgery for GC.MethodsWe analyzed the data of 364 patients with GC who underwent radical surgery. We evaluated the distance from the anterior margin of the quadratus lumborum muscle to the dorsal margin of the left renal pole using computed tomography (CT) as an indicator of PT. The association between PT and clinicopathological factors and short‐ and long‐term outcomes was evaluated.ResultsThe PT data were divided into low, normal, and high groups by gender using the tertile value. We found that the PT low group was 121 patients, normal group was 121 patients, and high group was 122 patients. Multivariate analyses showed that the high PT group was an independent risk factor for a short‐outcome after curative surgery in GC patients (odds ratio 2.163; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.156–4.046; P = .016). And the low PT group was an independent risk factor for overall survival (hazard ratio 2.488; 95% CI 1.400–4.421; P = .0019) and relapse‐free survival (hazard ratio 2.342; 95% CI 1.349–4.064; P = .0025) after curative surgery in GC patients.ConclusionPerirenal thickness is a simple and useful factor for predicting short‐ and long‐term outcomes after radical surgery for GC.
Essential updates 2020/2021: Colorectal diseases (benign)—Current topics in the surgical and medical treatment of benign colorectal diseases
Authors: Sawayama Hiroshi , Miyamoto Yuji , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of new drugs for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is remarkable, and treatment strategies using multiple agents and various techniques are required; however, the treatment strategy is likely to be complex. Therefore, appropriate evaluation of traditional surgical treatment strategies and accurate knowledge of the efficacy and limitations of novel treatments are required. Total infectious complications were found to be associated with the use of corticosteroids and anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α agents, but not with immunomodulators, anti‐integrin agents, and 5‐aminosalicylic acid. Regarding surgical procedures for IBD, conceived anastomosis methods, including Kono‐S for Crohn's disease stenosis, are associated with better outcomes than conventional techniques. Autologous cell transplantation for Crohn's fistulae has been shown to have a favorable outcome. Diverticulitis is increasing and will be treated more frequently in the future. Risk factors for the incidence of diverticulitis and differences in pathogenesis according to right or left side diverticulitis have been reported. Antibiotic therapy may be omitted for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Moreover, regarding surgical procedures, both bowel resection and anastomosis are associated with favorable short‐term outcomes, higher stoma closure rate, and superior medical economy compared to Hartmann's procedure. Risk factors for recurrence after diverticulitis surgery may provide better postoperative follow‐up. In this review, we explore the current topics of colorectal benign diseases, focusing on IBD and diverticulitis, based on clinical trials and meta‐analyses from 2020‐2021. This review consolidates the available knowledge and improves the quality of surgical procedures and perioperative management for IBD and diverticulitis.
SHORT syndrome in an adult Brazilian patient
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Caroline G. , Moretti Patricia N. , Cordoba Mara S. , Oliveira Renata S. , Lopes Fernanda S. C. , Oliveira Silviene F. , Pic‐Taylor Aline , Castro Luiz Claudio , Mazzeu Juliana F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report an individual from Brazil with SHORT syndrome. The term SHORT stands for its common characteristics: short stature (S), hyperextensibility of joints, and/or inguinal hernia (H), ocular depression (O), Rieger anomaly (R), and teething delay (T). In addition to most of the clinical signs previously described in SHORT syndrome, the patient presented here also shows microcephaly and intellectual disability. Diagnosis was confirmed by exome sequencing revealing a novel heterozygous variant c.1456G>A (p.Ala486Thr) at PIK3R1. Human recombinant growth hormone (r‐hGH) therapy was administered prior to diagnosis; however, the use of r‐hGH may have had a role in anticipating and worsening the glucose metabolic profile in the patient, as previously described. This article contributes to providing a better understanding of the SHORT syndrome genotype and its correlation with the phenotype, by comparing with it other reported cases.
Whole‐exome sequencing in syndromic craniosynostosis increases diagnostic yield and identifies candidate genes in osteogenic signaling pathways
Authors: Tønne Elin , Due‐Tønnessen Bernt Johan , Vigeland Magnus Dehli , Amundsen Silja Svanstrøm , Ribarska Teodora , Åsten Pamela Marika , Sheng Ying , Helseth Eirik , Gilfillan Gregor Duncan , Mero Inger‐Lise , Heimdal Ketil Riddervold 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCraniosynostosis (CS) is a common congenital anomaly defined by premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. Syndromic CS involves additional organ anomalies or neurocognitive deficits and accounts for 25%–30% of the cases. In a recent population‐based study by our group, 84% of the syndromic CS cases had a genetically verified diagnosis after targeted analyses. A number of different genetic causes were detected, confirming that syndromic CS is highly heterogeneous. In this study, we performed whole‐exome sequencing of 10 children and parents from the same cohort where previous genetic results were negative. We detected pathogenic, or likely pathogenic, variants in four additional genes (NFIA, EXTL3, POLR2A, and FOXP2) associated with rare conditions. In two of these (POLR2A and FOXP2), CS has not previously been reported. We further detected a rare predicted damaging variant in SH3BP4, which has not previously been related to human disease. All findings were clustered in genes involved in the pathways of osteogenesis and suture patency. We conclude that whole‐exome sequencing expands the list of genes associated with syndromic CS, and provides new candidate genes in osteogenic signaling pathways.
Switchable Synthesis of Cyclohexanedione‐fused 2,8‐Oxaza/2,8‐Dioxa Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and 4‐Substituted 4H‐Chromenes by Tunability of the Deamination/Dehydration Process
Authors: Li Jingpeng , Wang Shuang , Xu Genrui , Cui Xin , Zi Boqin , Liu Teng , Huang Chao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, a concise and efficient protocol for the construction of diverse cyclohexanedione‐fused 2,8‐oxaza/2,8‐dioxa bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and 4‐substituted 4H‐chromenes between 2‐hydroxychalcones and 3‐aminocyclohex‐2‐enones has been accomplished. This switchable synthesis concerning the three types of functionalized heterocyclics via tunability of the deamination/dehydration process was controlled by Brønsted acid catalyst or solvent effects in this cascade transformation, which can thus provide the desired products in good to excellent yields.
Hypoxia‐Responsive Platinum Supernanoparticles for Urinary Microfluidic Monitoring of Tumors
Authors: Xu Qin , Pan Yongchun , Liu Xinli , Gao Yanfeng , Luan Xiaowei , Zeng Fei , Zhou Dongtao , Long Wenxiu , Wang Yuzhen , Song Yujun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCancer has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and there is an increasing need for versatile tools to enable sensitive, simple and early cancer monitoring. Here, we report platinum supernanoparticles as an exogenous nanosensor which can dissociate into ultrasmall platinum nanoclusters (PtNCs) under tumor‐specific hypoxia conditions. The resulting PtNCs can be filtered through the kidney as urinary reporters to be quantified by a companion volumetric bar‐chart chip (V‐Chip) for point‐of‐care analysis. The V‐Chip signals of triple‐negative breast cancer and its lung metastasis mouse model showed a significant increase compared to healthy mice. Our nanosensor can also noninvasively monitor the course of treatment, which is significant for screening tumor recurrence and individualized evaluation of pharmacological and follow‐up efficacy. Importantly, this strategy could be adapted for various diseases to form a common diagnostic platform by changing responsive linkers.
Divergent Synthesis of Indolenine and Indoline Ring Systems by Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Dearomatization of Indoles**
Authors: Gao Dong , Jiao Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDearomatized indole derivatives bearing a C3‐ or C2‐stereocenter exist ubiquitously in natural products and biologically active molecules. Despite remarkable advances in their synthesis, stereoselective and regio‐divergent methods are still in a high demand. Herein, a Pd‐catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric spiroannulation of 2,3‐disubstituted indoles with internal alkynes has been developed for the efficient construction of indoline structures with a C2‐quaternary stereocenter. Stereospecific aza‐semipinacol rearrangement of these indoline derivatives under acidic conditions afforded indolenine products bearing a C3‐quaternary stereocenter, where the migrating group could be controlled by the reaction sequence. The asymmetric spiroannulation together with the subsequent aza‐semipinacol rearrangement enabled a divergent access to dearomatized indole derivatives with either a C3‐ or a C2‐quaternary stereocenter.
Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N−N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation
Authors: Chen Ke‐Wei , Chen Zhi‐Han , Yang Shuang , Wu Shu‐Fang , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Shi Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe first highly atroposelective construction of N−N axially chiral indole scaffolds was established via a new strategy of de novo ring formation. This strategy makes use of the organocatalytic asymmetric Paal–Knorr reaction of well‐designed N‐aminoindoles with 1,4‐diketones, thus affording N‐pyrrolylindoles in high yields and with excellent atroposelectivities (up to 98 % yield, 96 % ee). In addition, this strategy is applicable for the atroposelective synthesis of N−N axially chiral bispyrroles (up to 98 % yield, 97 % ee). More importantly, such N−N axially chiral heterocycles can be converted into chiral organocatalysts with applications in asymmetric catalysis, and some molecules display potent anticancer activity. This work not only provides a new strategy for the atroposelective synthesis of N−N axially chiral molecules but also offers new members of the N−N atropisomer family with promising applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.