bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term microglia depletion impairs synapse elimination and auditory brainstem function
Authors: Chokr Sima M. , Milinkeviciute Giedre , Jimenez Gisselle A. , Abubakr Hakeem , Cramer Karina S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpecialized sound localization circuit development requires synapse strengthening, refinement, and pruning. Many of these functions are carried out by microglia, immune cells that aid in regulating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, apoptosis, and synaptic removal. We previously showed that postnatal treatment with BLZ945 (BLZ), an inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), eliminates microglia in the brainstem and disables calyceal pruning and maturation of astrocytes in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). BLZ treatment results in elevated hearing thresholds and delayed signal propagation as measured by auditory brainstem responses (ABR). However, when microglia repopulate the brain following the cessation of BLZ, most of the deficits are repaired. It is unknown whether this recovery is achievable without the return of microglia. Here, we induced sustained microglial elimination with a two-drug approach using BLZ and PLX5622 (PLX). We found that BLZ/PLX treated mice had impaired calyceal pruning, diminished astrocytic GFAP in the lateral, low frequency, region of MNTB, and elevated glycine transporter 2 (GLYT2) levels. BLZ/PLX treated mice had elevated hearing thresholds, diminished peak amplitudes, and altered latencies and inter-peak latencies. These findings suggest that microglia are required to repopulate the brain in order to rectify deficits from their ablation.
Effects of vorticity on solitary waves
Authors: Nakayama Keisuke , Tani Kojiro , Yoshimura Hideto , Fujita Ichiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe vorticity effect on solitary wave profiles has not been solved experimentally; previous studies theoretically and numerically showed that when a solitary wave progressed in the positive direction, the effective wavelength of a solitary wave with positive vorticity increased. Using laboratory experiments and fully nonlinear numerical simulations, we here show that the effective wavelength is extended more when positive vorticity is given to a progressive wave in the positive direction. We further show that the total energy increases with increasing positive vorticity, demonstrating that a wave with positive vorticity propagates with less attenuation and lasts longer than a solitary wave with no vorticity. We anticipate that our outcomes will provide a starting point for more sophisticated methods to investigate the effect of vorticity on solitary waves in laboratory experiments and numerical simulations.
Airborne ultrasound pulse amplification based on acoustic resonance switching
Authors: Hashimoto Yuki , Monnai Yasuaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAirborne ultrasound radiation pressure, a nonlinear effect that appears as a static force in mid-air in the presence of strong ultrasound, has recently been applied in novel scientific and industrial fields. However, the output power of an ultrasound transducer remains low mainly due to the significant mismatch in acoustic impedance between a solid diaphragm and air. To circumvent this fundamental challenge, we propose to emit amplified airborne ultrasound pulses by instantaneously releasing stored acoustic energy into free-space. Specifically, we implement an acoustic cavity with a mechanically rotating shutter covering its open top. Once the acoustic cavity is fully charged, the stored energy is released by opening the shutter. By developing a choke structure that reduces leakage of the stored energy, we generate ultrasound pulses with 2.5 times higher peak power than the input continuous waves at 40 kHz. This preliminary result has a great potential to generate high-power ultrasound pulses using a conventional air-coupled transducer by separating the storage and radiation process, thus circumventing the fundamental limitation brought by impedance mismatch.
Automatic pseudo-coloring approaches to improve visual perception and contrast in polarimetric images of biological tissues
Authors: Rodríguez Carla , Van Eeckhout Albert , Garcia-Caurel Enrique , Lizana Angel , Campos Juan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImaging polarimetry methods have proved their suitability to enhance the image contrast between tissues and structures in organic samples, or even to reveal structures hidden in regular intensity images. These methods are nowadays used in a wide range of biological applications, as for the early diagnosis of different pathologies. To include the discriminatory potential of different polarimetric observables in a single image, a suitable strategy reported in literature consists in associating different observables to different color channels, giving rise to pseudo-colored images helping the visualization of different tissues in samples. However, previous reported polarimetric based pseudo-colored images of tissues are mostly based on simple linear combinations of polarimetric observables whose weights are set ad-hoc, and thus, far from optimal approaches. In this framework, we propose the implementation of two pseudo-colored methods. One is based on the Euclidean distances of actual values of pixels and an average value taken over a given region of interest in the considered image. The second method is based on the likelihood for each pixel to belong to a given class. Such classes being defined on the basis of a statistical model that describes the statistical distribution of values of the pixels in the considered image. The methods are experimentally validated on four different biological samples, two of animal origin and two of vegetal origin. Results provide the potential of the methods to be applied in biomedical and botanical applications.
Preliminary results indicate that regular training induces high protection against oxidative stress in basketball players compared to soccer
Authors: Luti Simone , Militello Rosamaria , Fiaschi Tania , Magherini Francesca , Gamberi Tania , Parri Matteo , Marzocchini Riccardo , Pratesi Simone , Soldaini Riccardo , Modesti Alessandra , Modesti Pietro A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn elite athlete several metabolic changes occur during regular training. These modifications are associated with changes in blood metabolic profile and can lead to adaptive mechanisms aimed at establish a new dynamic equilibrium, which guarantees better performance. The goal of this study was to characterize the plasma metabolic profile and redox homeostasis, in athletes practicing two different team sports such as soccer and basketball in order to identify potential metabolic pathways underlying the differences in training programs. A cohort of 30 male, 20 professional players (10 soccer and 10 basketballs) and 10 sedentary males as control were enrolled in the study. Plasma redox balance, metabolites and adiponectin were determined. The results show low levels of oxidative species (25.5%), with both high antioxidant capacity (17.6%) and adiponectin level (64.4%) in plasma from basketball players, in comparison to soccer players. Metabolic analysis indicates in basketball players a significant high plasma level of amino acids Valine and Ornithine both involved in redox homeostasis and anti-inflammatory metabolism.
Molecular characterization and elucidation of the function of Hap38 MAPK in the response of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to UV-A stress
Authors: Yao Mengshuang , Liu Xiaofei , Meng Jianyu , Yang Changli , Zhang Changyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important pest of cotton, is detrimental to cotton production. Light from UV-A ultraviolet lamps is regarded as a form of environmental stress for insects. In order to investigate the response of H. armigera exposed to UV-A, we explored Hap38 MAPK expression and functions. We hope that the findings of this study will lay the foundation for future investigations into the insect’s phototaxis mechanism. A p38 MAPK was cloned and named Hap38 MAPK. A phylogenetic tree showed that Hap38 MAPK was highly conserved. The gene was highly expressed in the thorax and females. Under UV-A stress, the expression of the gene decreased significantly. After silencing Hap38 MAPK, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, CAT, and GR decreased. This study suggested that Hap38 MAPK responds to UV-A irradiation and plays critical roles in the defense response to environmental stresses.
Vaccines against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 provide T cell memory to the B.1.1.529 variant
Authors: Dörnte Charlyn , Traska Verena , Jansen Nicole , Kostyra Julia , Baurmann Herrad , Lauer Gereon , Huang Yi-Ju , Kramer Sven , Brauns Olaf , Winkels Holger , Schmitz Jürgen , Dose Christian , Richter Anne , Schuster Marc 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 potentially escapes immunity from vaccination via a heavily mutated Spike protein. Here, we analyzed whether T cell memory towards the B.1.1.529 Spike protein is present in individuals who received two or three doses of vaccines designed against the original Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
PBMCs were isolated from two- and three-times vaccinated study participants and incubated in vitro with peptide pools of the Spike protein derived from sequences of the original Wuhan or the B.1.1.529 strains of SARS-CoV-2. Activated antigen-specific T cells were detected by flow cytometry. In silico analyses with NetMHCpan and NetMHCIIpan were used to determine differences in MHC class presentation between the original strain and the B.1.1.529 strain for the most common MHCs in the European-Caucasian population.

Results
Here we show, that both CD4 and CD8 responses to the B.1.1.529 Spike protein are marginally reduced compared to the ancestor protein and a robust T cell response is maintained. Epitope analyses reveal minor differences between the two SARS-CoV-2 strains in terms of MHC class presentations for the MHC-alleles being most common in the European-Caucasian population.

Conclusions
The memory T cell response induced via first generation vaccination remains robust and is mostly unaffected by B.1.1.529 mutations. Correspondingly, in silico analyses of MHC presentation of epitopes derived from the B.1.1.529 Spike protein shows marginal differences compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain.
Symbol detection using extreme learning machine network for MU‐SIMO systems
Authors: Biswas Pialy , Mallik Ranjan K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on symbol detection for a multi‐user single‐input multiple‐output (MU‐SIMO) uplink using supervised machine learning techniques. An extreme learning machine (ELM) is chosen as the equalizer at the receiver end due to its super‐fast learning ability and minimum training error. To tune the parameters, a pilot based online training for an ELM network is proposed, and those parameters are further used to detect the unknown transmitted symbols. Conventionally, the channel matrix is estimated using known pilot symbols explicitly and then the transmitted symbol is recovered using a linear equalizer. Here, instead of directly estimating the channel coefficients, the symbols are detected using an ELM based direct equalizer followed by a hard decision rule. To reduce the pilot requirement of the proposed model, a method is discussed where the channel is estimated using a small number of pilot symbols and the ELM network is trained using a separate training dataset along with the channel estimate. Furthermore, the performance comparison between the proposed ELM based equalizers, linear equalizers, and nonlinear detection techniques is shown.
Rate‐compatible spatially coupled LDPC code ensembles by partial repetition extension
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Bin , Zhang Zeyue , Zhang Yuzhi , Yuen Chau 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein, one partial repetition extension method is proposed to construct the rate‐compatible spatially coupled low‐density parity‐check (RC‐SCLDPC) codes. For each position of the base SCLDPC code, a certain proportion of the variable nodes are first selected randomly and then repeated a certain number of times. By adjusting the selection proportions and the repetition times, a family of RC‐SCLDPC codes with arbitrary rates from 0 to the rate of the base SCLDPC code can be obtained and the rate‐compatibility is realized. Threshold analysis results show that all member codes in the proposed RC‐SCLDPC code family display capacity‐approaching thresholds over the binary erasure channel and additive white Gaussian noise channel. Finite length simulation results also confirm their excellent thresholds. Moreover, the decoding complexity can be significantly decreased using this partial repetition extension method.
Bleeding Issues in Women Under Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Kalmanti Lida , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn premenopausal women treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) can be associated with an increased risk of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) compared with vitamin K antagonists. These findings come from retrospective or prospective single-center studies and post hoc analysis of regulatory studies in which HMB was not a predefined safety outcome. In most of these publications, there is a lack of information about the use of different contraceptive methods which can influence HMB. Another limitation is the various definitions of HMB, which makes comparison between studies regarding the incidences of HMB difficult.Therefore, prospective studies are urgently needed to investigate the severity and duration of unaffected menstrual bleeding under oral anticoagulation independently of oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices. An ongoing multicenter German registry is aiming to compare the incidence of unaffected HMB in consecutive women of reproductive age (18–50 years) treated with different DOACs because of venous thromboembolism.When HMB occurs during oral anticoagulation, management includes interruption or dose reduction of anticoagulation with the danger of recurrent venous thrombosis, switch to another oral anticoagulant, or additional use of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid with the potential risk of thrombosis. Concomitant use of either oral hormonal contraceptive therapy or hormone-releasing intrauterine systems can also reduce HMB.
Venous Thromboembolism Issues in Women
Authors: Linnemann Birgit , Rott Hannelore , Zotz Rainer , Hart Christina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe lifetime risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is slightly higher in women than in men. There are several issues related to VTE that are unique to women. Combined hormonal contraceptives and pregnancy increase the risk of VTE in women of childbearing age, whereas hormone replacement therapy increases the VTE risk of postmenopausal women. Hereditary thrombophilia and risk factors such as older age, obesity, or smoking contribute to the risk increase. In women diagnosed with acute hormone-related VTE who are treated with oral anticoagulants, adequate contraception is mandatory to avoid unwanted pregnancies. According to current knowledge, hormonal contraception may be continued during anticoagulant therapy but must be switched to an estrogen-free contraception method at least 6 weeks before the termination of anticoagulation. VTE is also a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Currently, assisted reproduction technologies such as in vitro fertilization are widely used to treat couples affected by infertility. Complications of fertility treatment comprise VTE cases, especially in women with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. With this review, we intended to focus on VTE issues in women and summarize current evidence and guideline recommendations.
Effizienzvergleich von Inhalations- und Injektionsnarkose zur Kastration männlicher Saugferkel auf unterschiedlichen, ökologisch arbeitenden Praxisbetrieben
Authors: Richter Arlinda , Kühling Josef , Becker Sabrina , Heckmann Sabine , Hermanowski Robert , Lambertz Christian , Reiner Gerald 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Die Effizienz der Injektions- und Inhalationsnarkose zur betäubungslosen Kastration von unter 8 Tage alten männlichen Saugferkeln wird kontrovers diskutiert. Allerdings fehlen direkte Vergleiche zwischen den Narkoseverfahren, insbesondere unter Bedingungen ökologisch arbeitender Betriebe, bislang fast vollständig. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es daher, die Effizienz der Injektions- und Inhalationsnarkose auf 7 ökologisch arbeitenden Betrieben unter Praxisbedingungen zu vergleichen und den Effekt von Metamizol zusätzlich zu Meloxicam zu überprüfen.
Material und Methoden Hierzu wurden 514 männliche Saugferkel bezüglich Narkoseeffizienz (Perianal- und Zwischenklauenreflex, Abwehrverhalten), Körpertemperatur, Nachblutung und Wundheilung, postoperativem Verhalten und Schmerzverhalten sowie dem Ablauf der Nachschlafphase untersucht.
Ergebnisse Die Inhalationsnarkose war der Injektionsnarkose grundsätzlich überlegen, insbesondere bezüglich Narkoseeffizienz, Thermoregulation und Nachschlafphase. Doch waren bei 7,7 bis 15 % der Ferkel die Reflexe zum Zeitpunkt der Kastration noch vorhanden. Nach Injektions- oder Inhalationsnarkose zeigten insgesamt 83,6 bzw. 25,2 % der Ferkel mindestens eines der folgenden Kriterien: positive Reflexantwort, deutliche Abwehrbewegungen, eine deutliche Abwehrintensität oder Lautäußerungen. Die Körpertemperatur fiel unter Inhalationsnarkose um durchschnittlich 0,41 °C, unter Injektionsnarkose um 1,82 °C ab. Fast alle Ferkel zeigten, unabhängig von der Narkoseart, 5 und 72 Stunden nach der Kastration Anzeichen von Schmerz- und schmerzassoziiertem Verhalten. Die Nachschlafphasen dauerten nach Injektionsnarkose mit 107 Minuten bis zum Zurücksetzen der Ferkel an die Sau signifikant länger als nach Inhalationsnarkose (33,3 Minuten).
Schlussfolgerung Weder die Injektions- noch die Inhalationsnarkose unter Einsatz von Meloxicam und auch nicht bei zusätzlicher Anwendung von Metamizol erfüllen die Anforderungen der EU an eine schmerzfreie Kastration.
Klinische Relevanz Die notwendige Schmerzausschaltung während und nach der Kastration männlicher Saugferkel wird weder unter Isofluran noch unter Ketamin/Azaperon-Narkose erreicht, trotz Einsatz von Meloxicam und Metamizol.
Thromboinflammation: Dynamik physiologischer und pathologischer
Wechselwirkungen von Entzündung und Koagulation
Authors: Stefanski Ana-Luisa , Nitschke Eduard , Dörner Thomas 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDas konzertante Zusammenspiel zwischen endothelialer Dysfuntion, aktivierten
Thrombozyten und anderen Immunzellen sowie simultaner Komplementaktivierung
führt zur Aktivierung und gegenseitigen Verstärkung sowohl der
Immunantwort als auch der Gerinnungskaskade. Durch die unkontrollierte Fortdauer
dieser physiologischen Mechanismen kann der pathologische Prozess der
Thromboinflammation induziert werden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit fassen
wir grundlegende Mechanismen zusammen, die zur Thromboinflammation als ein
Auslöser von venösen Thromboembolien führen.
Einfluss der Verordnung über Tierärztliche Hausapotheken auf den Antibiotikaeinsatz bei Hund und Katze in Bayern
Authors: Mohr Kaye , Nolff Mirja , Zablotski Yury , Dittus Thomas , Korbel Rüdiger , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea , Wolf Georg , Hiss Katrin , Peters Hannah , Schulz Bianka 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Ziel der Studie war es, Daten über den Einsatz von Antibiotika (AB) bei Hunden und Katzen in Tierarztpraxen und -kliniken in Bayern zu erheben. Dabei sollte evaluiert werden, ob sich Änderungen hinsichtlich des Antibiotikaeinsatzes nach Novellierung der Verordnung über Tierärztliche Hausapotheken (TÄHAV) im März 2018 ergeben haben.
Material und Methoden Mittels zweier anonymisierter Online-Umfragen wurden 2017 und 2020 Tierärzte/-innen (TÄ) in Bayern, zu deren Patienten Hunde und Katzen zählen, zur Anwendung von AB sowie zur Einschätzung der Resistenzsituation befragt. Die Ergebnisse der beiden Umfragen wurden anschließend miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse Für 2017 konnten 238 Fragebögen ausgewertet werden; 2020 waren es 160. Die 3 am häufigsten zur systemischen Therapie beim Kleintier angewendeten AB waren 2017 Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure (74,8 % der TÄ), Enrofloxacin (56,7 %) und Amoxicillin (53,4 %). 2020 wurden Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure (88,8 %), Amoxicillin (67,5 %) und Metronidazol (33,8 %) genannt. Die teilnehmenden TÄ gaben an, signifikant weniger Cephalosporine der 3. und 4. Generation (von 20,2 % der teilnehmenden TÄ in 2017 auf 9,4 % in 2020, p = 0,005) und Fluorchinolone (von 80,3 % auf 33,1 %, p < 0,001) einzusetzen. Die Wahl eines AB wurde 2020 bei 83,8 % der befragten TÄ durch rechtliche Vorgaben beeinflusst; weitere Einflussfaktoren waren Verträglichkeit (81,3 %), Applikationsart (76,9 %), Akzeptanz durch den Patienten (70,0 %) und Häufigkeit der Anwendung (64,4 %), wobei letzterer von TÄ aus der Praxis (83,8 %, p = 0,004) signifikant häufiger genannt wurden als von TÄ aus Kliniken.
Schlussfolgerung Im Vergleich zu 2017 gaben TÄ 2020 einen signifikant geringeren Einsatz von Fluorchinolonen und Cephalosporinen der 3. und 4. Generation bei Hund und Katze an. Diese Änderungen im Verschreibungsverhalten könnten Folgen der Novellierung der TÄHAV sein, die ein Umwidmungsverbot sowie eine Antibiogrammpflicht dieser AB-Klassen vorgibt.
Klinische Relevanz Rechtliche Vorgaben können möglicherweise einen positiven Einfluss auf die Menge und Art der in der Kleintiermedizin eingesetzten Antibiotika haben und somit bei der Vermeidung von Antibiotikaresistenzen helfen.
Entzündungs- und Nekrosesyndrom des Schweins (SINS) – eine Übersicht
Authors: Reiner Gerald 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungEntzündungen und Teilverluste des Schwanzes treten in hoher Frequenz auf und müssen bekämpft werden, wenn das Tierwohl beim Schwein verbessert werden soll. Dabei greift die alleinige Berücksichtigung des Schwanzbeißens zu kurz. Entzündungen und Nekrosen des Schwanzes treten regelmäßig auch ohne Zutun anderer Schweine auf. Der Nachweis entsprechender Veränderungen bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt, das gehäuft synchrone Auftreten an so verschiedenen Körperlokalisationen wie Schwanz, Ohren, Zitzen, Klauen und anderen Partien, sowie der pathohistologische Nachweis Blutgefäß-assoziierter Veränderungen sprechen für eine primär endogene Ursache und ein Syndrom, auch wenn die Symptomatik mit Umweltfaktoren interagiert. Die Veränderungen können bei Saug- und Absatzferkeln sowie in der Mast beobachtet werden. Die Verbesserung der Umwelt kann zu erheblicher Reduktion von Entzündungen und Nekrosen führen. Gleichzeitig zeigen sich erhebliche genetische Effekte der Eber und Sauen. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel beleuchtet alle bislang bekannten Facetten von SINS (Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome) und gibt einen Einblick in die Eckpunkte der Pathogenese. Das Bewusstsein für ein neues und vom Schwanzbeißen abzugrenzendes Krankheitsbild soll einen Beitrag zu dessen Bekämpfung und somit zur Steigerung des Tierwohls beim Schwein leisten.