bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systolic blood pressure and recurrent stroke in patients with different lesion patterns on diffusion weighted imaging
Authors: Chen Pan , Wu Qiong , Xie Xuewei , Jing Jing , Gu Hongqiu , Wang Xianwei , Meng Xia , Liu Liping , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun ,   the CHANCE Investigators
Published: August 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the relationship between baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and subsequent clinical events in patients with different lesion patterns on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). We analyzed the Acute Non‐disabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) trial dataset. Patients were categorized into negative DW imaging (no detectable lesions), lacunar infarction (single lesion ≤15 mm) and non‐lacunar infarction (single lesion >15 mm or multiple lesions) based on lesion patterns on DWI. The primary outcome was recurrent stroke within 90 days. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between SBP levels and stroke outcomes in patients with different lesion patterns. A total of 1089 patients were analyzed. We found 258 cases (23.7%) with negative DW imaging, 392 (36.0%) with lacunar infarction and 439 (40.3%) with non‐lacunar infarction. Patients with non‐lacunar infarction had the highest incidence of stroke at 90‐day (P < .001). In non‐lacunar infarction group, compared with SBP < 160 mmHg, patients with SBP ≥ 160 mmHg had significantly higher risk of 90‐day recurrent stroke (20.3% vs. 10.7%; adjusted hazard ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.09–3.00). No significant association was found between SBP and clinical outcomes in patients with negative DWI and lacunar stroke groups. The result at 1 year was similar as at 90‐day. Therefore, non‐lacunar infarction, the most common lesion pattern in CHANCE study, had the highest risk of recurrent stroke and combined vascular events both in 90 days and 1 year. High baseline SBP was significantly associated with increased risk of short‐ and long‐term recurrent strokes in patients with non‐lacunar infarction.
Feeling the heat? Fear of failure and performance
Authors: Chong Alberto , Chong Marco Z. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe use new individual‐level data from MasterChef, a television show in the United States in order to objectively capture situations of fear of failure. We codify situations in which the contestants are on the verge of being eliminated from competition and situations where they explicitly express fear of failing. These new data have the distinct advantage of being purely objective. We cover ten seasons, from 2010 to 2020 and include nearly 200 observations to study the role of fear of failure on performance. Using ordinary least squares, we show that extreme fear of failure is associated with an increase of two to four positions in the final placement of the cooking competition. This positive link between fear of failure and performance tends to contradict the conventional wisdom in both psychology and behavioral economics that such a link tends to be negative. Our findings are robust to broad changes in specification.
Disrupting language of instruction policy at a classroom level: oracy examples from South Africa and Zambia
Authors: Chamberlain Liz , Rodriguez‐Leon Lucy , Woodward Clare 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEducation policy in the Global South often focuses on two areas: learner‐centred education (LCE) and language of instruction (LoI). For over a decade, LCE has been promoted throughout sub‐Saharan Africa and has been referred to as a ‘policy panacea’. The basic premise of LCE is that it offers learners substantial control over what and how they learn through active engagement. Pair and group work involving talk are key aspects of LCE; however, in contexts where teachers and students are not proficient in the official LoI, the efficacy of this pedagogic approach is brought into question. Drawing on vignettes based on observational data of early years and primary classroom practice in South Africa and Zambia, this paper offers a discursive exploration of how valuing oracy and legitimising multilingualism alter classroom dynamics and interactions between teachers and children. Encouraging translanguaging as a pedagogical approach enables more effective meaning‐making through talk and supports pedagogic shifts to more learner‐centred classrooms. Exploring the potential of professional development to inspire change, we critically draw out some of the observable shifts in practice, alongside the challenges, for practitioners moving to a more multilingual classroom whilst simultaneously operating within the LoI policy.
Genomics reveal population structure, evolutionary history, and signatures of selection in the northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus
Authors: de Greef Evelien , Einfeldt Anthony L. , Miller Patrick J. O. , Ferguson Steven H. , Garroway Colin J. , Lefort Kyle J. , Paterson Ian G. , Bentzen Paul , Feyrer Laura J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInformation on wildlife population structure, demographic history, and adaptations are fundamental to understanding species evolution and informing conservation strategies. To study this ecological context for a cetacean of conservation concern, we conducted the first genomic assessment of the northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus, using whole‐genome resequencing data (n = 37) from five regions across the North Atlantic Ocean. We found a range‐wide pattern of isolation‐by‐distance with a genetic subdivision distinguishing three subgroups: the Scotian Shelf, western North Atlantic, and Jan Mayen regions. Signals of elevated levels of inbreeding in the Endangered Scotian Shelf population indicate this population may be more vulnerable than the other two subgroups. In addition to signatures of inbreeding, evidence of local adaptation in the Scotian Shelf was detected across the genome. We found a long‐term decline in effective population size for the species, which poses risks to their genetic diversity and may be exacerbated by the isolating effects of population subdivision. Protecting important habitat and migratory corridors should be prioritized to rebuild population sizes that were diminished by commercial whaling, strengthen gene flow, and ensure animals can move across regions in response to environmental changes.
Subjective and objective analysis of orthodontic expert consensus on the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes
Authors: Chen Huanhuan , Song Guangying , Li Weiran , Jiang Ruoping , Zhang Xiaoyun , Chen Si , Chen Gui , Liu Siqi , Dai Fanfan , Teng Fei , Han Bing , Xu Tianmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to explore and validate the consensus of orthodontic experts on the assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes based on subjective and objective analysis.Materials and MethodsThe research consisted of two parts: the exploration and verification of expert consensus. First, a sample of 108 cases randomly selected from six dental schools in China were evaluated by 69 orthodontic experts and measured by researchers based on post‐treatment study casts and lateral cephalograms, respectively. Then, through statistical analysis, the objective indicators significantly correlated with experts' subjective evaluations were selected, their weights were determined, and the critical values of satisfactory, acceptable and unacceptable grades were screened. Subsequently, another sample of 72 cases were evaluated by another 36 orthodontic experts, and the subjective evaluation results were compared with the objective measurement results.ResultsThere were six model indicators and seven cephalometric indicators being significantly correlated with the experts' subjective evaluations, including occlusal contact, overjet, midline, interproximal contact, alignment, occlusal relationship, L1/NB, ANB, SN/OP, U1/SN, LL‐EP, Cm‐Sn‐UL and Ns‐Prn‐Pos, with a cumulative R2 of 0.704. In the verification part, the correlation coefficient between the 36 experts' subjective scores and objective regression scores was 0.716 (P < .001); the correlation coefficient between the 36 experts' subjective grades and objective grades was 0.757 (P < .001).ConclusionsOrthodontic experts had good consistency in the subjective evaluation of the combined records of post‐treatment study casts and lateral cephalograms. The objective indicators selected from subjective and objective analysis had good reliability and validity and could further improve the existing occlusal indices.
Clinical Results of Utilizing the Satellite Rod Technique in Treating Ankylosing Spondylitis Kyphosis
Authors: Liu Chao , Hu Fanqi , Hu Wenhao , Zhang Zhen , Zheng Guoquan , Song Kai , Li Fangcai , Zhang Xuesong 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveAccording to the literature, there are no clinical reports documenting the use of the satellite rod technique in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical outcome of patients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis who adopted satellite rods versus those who did not.MethodsPatients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis who underwent one or two‐level pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) were reviewed, and total of 119 patients (112 males and seven females, average age 39.89 ± 6.61 years) were eligible and included in this present study. Anterior–posterior and lateral full‐length spine X‐ray films were performed preoperatively and at the two‐year follow‐up visit. Global kyphosis (GK), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and osteotomy angle (OA) were measured. The complications of every group of patients were collected. Pre‐ and postoperative health‐related quality of life instruments, including the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (Basfi) and Scoliosis Research Society outcomes instrument‐22 (SRS‐22), were recorded. The patients were divided into three groups based on features of their osteotomy including PSO levels and whether the satellite rod technique was applied. Patients who underwent one‐level PSO without the satellite rod technique were categorized in the one‐level group. Patients who underwent one‐level PSO with the satellite rod technique were classified in the satellite rod group. Patients who underwent two‐level PSO without the satellite rod technique were included in the two‐level group. The paired sample t test was used to compare pre‐ and postoperative parameters. One‐way ANOVA was performed for multiple group comparisons.ResultsThe average follow‐up time is 29.31 ± 3.66 months. The patients' GK were significantly improved from 46.84 ± 20.37 degree to 3.31 ± 15.09 degree. OS achieved through each osteotomy segment of one‐level group (39.78 ± 12.29 degree) and satellite rods group (42.23 ± 9.82 degree), was larger than that of two‐level group (34.73 ± 7.54 and 28.85 ± 7.26 degree). There was no significant difference between the one‐level group and the satellite rod group in achieving the OS. Thirteen patients experienced different complications (10.92%). Three patients experienced rod fracture in the one‐level group. There was no rod fracture or screw failure in the satellite rod group or the two‐level group.ConclusionThe satellite rod technique is also recommended for patients who undergo PSO osteotomy to correct ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis deformities.
Using eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) with autistic individuals: A qualitative interview study with EMDR therapists
Authors: Fisher Naomi , Patel Henna , van Diest Caroline , Spain Debbie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesEye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence‐based psychological therapy that targets distress associated with trauma and affective disturbance. Few studies have examined EMDR for autistic individuals who have co‐occurring mental health conditions, but there is preliminary evidence of effectiveness. The current study explored EMDR therapists' experiences of working with autistic individuals, and adaptations incorporated into clinical practice to make this more accessible and effective.DesignA qualitative interview design was used. Data were thematically analysed.MethodTwenty‐three UK‐based EMDR therapists attended one‐off semi‐structured qualitative interviews.ResultsFour main themes emerged: (1) the experience of being autistic; (2) factors around accessing EMDR; (3) adapting EMDR; and (4) supervision and support for EMDR therapists. Participants described offering a nuanced and tailored approach; one that retained the integral components of the eight phases of EMDR, while also being flexible and responsive to each client.ConclusionsFindings reinforce the importance of offering formulation‐based psychological therapy that flexes in an evidence‐informed way, according to the preferences and needs of autistic individuals. Further research should establish factors influencing accessibility and effectiveness of EMDR for autistic individuals, and the impact of autism‐relevant training on the knowledge, skills and confidence of EMDR therapists and clinical supervisors working with this client group.
Weighting, Informativeness and Causal Inference, with an Application to Rainfall Enhancement
Authors: Chambers Ray , Ranjbar Setareh , Salvati Nicola , Pacini Barbara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSampling is informative when probabilities of sample inclusion depend on unknown variables that are correlated with a response variable of interest. When sample inclusion probabilities are available, inverse probability weighting can be used to account for informative sampling in such a situation, although usually at the cost of less precise inference. This paper reviews two important research contributions by Chris Skinner that modify these weights to reduce their variability while at the same time retaining consistency of the weighted estimators. In some cases, however, sample inclusion probabilities are not known, and are estimated as propensity scores. This is often the situation in causal analysis, and double robust methods that protect against the resulting misspecification of the sampling process have been the focus of much recent research. In this paper we propose two model-assisted modifications to the popular inverse propensity score weighted estimator of an average treatment effect, and then illustrate their use in a causal analysis of a rainfall enhancement experiment that was carried out in Oman between 2013 and 2018.
Identifying steady‐state growth and inflation in the South African economy, 1960–2020
Authors: Fedderke Johannes W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper employs a simple but general representation of an economy, in order to derive mutually consistent estimates of steady‐state growth and inflation for South Africa over the period from 1960Q1 through to 2020Q2, as well as the implied “gaps” between actual growth and inflation and their steady‐state values. Analysis is under both closed and open economy frameworks. Moreover, the full sample is partitioned in subsamples either ex ante by decade or endogenously from structural breaks implied by the univariate time series characteristics of the data.
Firm creation, entry costs, and house‐price volatility∗
Authors: Epstein Brendan , Finkelstein Shapiro Alan , González Gómez Andrés 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmid growing work on the link between firm creation and cyclical housing‐market dynamics, we document a significant, positive, and robust cross‐country relationship between the level of new firm creation and the cyclical volatility of house prices. Using a business‐cycle model with endogenous firm entry, housing, and housing‐finance constraints and shocks, we show that, via general equilibrium effects, greater average firm entry can be a powerful amplification mechanism of housing‐finance shocks. These shocks and constraints play a key role in quantitatively rationalizing the link between firm creation and house‐price volatility across countries.
Political activation and social movements: Addressing non‐participation in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Pickering Dani 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe decline of participation in traditional civic political processes, like voting in elections and writing to elected representatives, continues to deepen in contemporary liberal democracies. However, civics comprise only one avenue for political participation. Social movements also play a key role in influencing political affairs by exerting pressure on established institutions from outside rather than within. ‘Political activation’ is key to understanding and addressing non‐participation in both movement and civic settings alike, yet activation in movement settings, like non‐participation more generally, remains under‐researched. This article seeks to address this imbalance by exploring ways of using political activation theory to synthesise research on the fields of political participation and non‐participation, in both civic and social movement contexts. After reviewing the literature on activation, which favours political participation in civic settings, I then juxtapose this existing scholarship with a case study focused more on non‐participation and social movements as they are understood by movement organisers in Aotearoa New Zealand. In so doing, I demonstrate how civics, social movements, participation and non‐participation can be better understood together to advance scholarship on why people do or do not engage with politics.
Retrospective evaluation of clinical signs, clinical course, and prognosis between dogs with left atrial rupture secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease and those with neoplastic cardiac tamponade (2015–2019): 70 cases
Authors: Sugiura Hiroaki , Suzuki Tamami , Mimura Shiho , Kanemoto Hideyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical signs, clinical course, and prognosis of suspected left atrial rupture (LAR) secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs and to compare them with dogs with suspected neoplastic cardiac tamponade (NCT).DesignRetrospective study from November 2015 to October 2019SettingAn out‐of‐hours Emergency Animal Hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐three dogs with LAR secondary to MMVD (LAR group) and 47 dogs with NCT (NCT group).InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe following were the characteristics of the study population (LAR group vs NCT groups) with P < 0.05 as the significance threshold: male sex, 83% vs 66%; median age, 11.9 vs 12.5 years; and median weight, 3.8 vs 6.4 kg (P < 0.001). Chihuahuas and Miniature Dachshunds were overrepresented in the LAR and NCT groups, respectively. Statistically different clinical findings between the 2 groups were as follows (LAR vs NCT): pulmonary edema, 43% vs 0%; pericardial thrombus, 70% vs 6% (P < 0.001); ineffectiveness of pericardiocentesis (whether aspiration of pericardial fluid was successful or not), 58% vs 2% (P < 0.001); mortality rate within 48 hours of visiting hospital, 35% vs 9% (P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed in survival time after discharge between the 2 groups.ConclusionsThe proportion of dogs with a diagnosis of LAR secondary to MMVD in dogs with cardiac tamponade was higher than the previously reported rate. Furthermore, the frequency of pulmonary edema, ineffectiveness of pericardiocentesis, and short‐term mortality rate was higher in the LAR group than in the NCT group.
Ocular lesions in cats diagnosed with systemic sporotrichosis
Authors: Freitas Henrique M. , da Rocha Renata C. B. , de Farias Marconi R. , Moore Bret A. , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the most common ocular lesions and demonstrate the frequency of ophthalmic involvement in a group of cats with systemic sporotrichosis.Animals StudiedTwo hundred seventy‐four cats diagnosed with systemic sporotrichosis. The inclusion criteria included previous positive cytopathological examination, histopathological examination, or fungal culture.ProceduresIn a prospective case–control study, 274 cats diagnosed with systemic sporotrichosis underwent ophthalmic evaluation and received treatment for systemic sporotrichosis. Of these animals, 63 had ocular abnormalities which were recorded, and conjunctivitis was scored from 0 to 5. Diagnostic techniques utilized included fungal culture, as well as cytopathological (10 eyes; 10 cats), and histopathological examination of the palpebral conjunctiva and eyes (2 eyes).ResultsCytopathological and histopathological examination of the conjunctiva, as well as fungal culture, proved to be important tests for the detection ofSporothrix sp. Five cats without the evidence of ophthalmic abnormalities also had a positive fungal culture. The identified ocular lesions in animals with systemic sporotrichosis included increased serous discharge (79 eyes; 53 cats), blepharoconjunctivitis (33 eyes; 25 cats), conjunctivitis (39 eyes, 20 cats), blepharitis (9 eyes; 8 cats), uveitis (5 eyes; 3 cats), and Florida keratopathy‐like lesions (2 eyes; 1 cat).ConclusionSporotrichosis should be considered a differential diagnosis for conjunctivitis and blepharoconjunctivitis, especially in endemic areas. Fungal culture and cytopathology of ocular discharge and histopathological examinations of the conjunctiva are important for the diagnosis of ophthalmic sporotrichosis, although not all cats underwent laboratory testing in this study. Ocular discharge could be a source of contagion transmission.
Telemedicine and medical education: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Hoffman Bryn , Braund Heather , McKeown Sandra , Dalgarno Nancy , Godfrey Christina , Appireddy Ramana 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize and appraise the available research on educational strategies required to prepare medical learners for engaging in telemedicine and virtual care.

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant uptake of virtual care and telemedicine, highlighting the growing need for health care organizations and medical institutions to support physicians and learners navigating this new model of health care delivery, clinical learning, and assessment. Developing a better understanding of how best to prepare medical trainees across the continuum of undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing professional development to engage in virtual care is critical in ensuring our continued ability to meet educational mandates and provide ambulatory care that is safe, efficient, and timely.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies will include medical learners who receive education on how to deliver telemedicine. The quantitative component of the review will compare learners exposed to educational interventions with learners not exposed to an intervention, or to a different intervention. Outcomes will include competencies in telemedicine delivery, knowledge, and behaviors. The qualitative component of the review will explore learners’ experiences with the delivery of educational strategies that address telemedicine.

Methods:
Embase, MEDLINE, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science Core Collection, Education Source, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global will be searched to identify published and unpublished studies. No date or language restrictions will be applied. This systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews using a convergent segregated approach. Titles and abstracts of potential studies will be screened, and potentially relevant studies will undergo full-text review for eligibility and critical appraisal of the study methodology. Data will be extracted from those studies selected for inclusion. Findings will be described relating to the effectiveness of educational curricula, initiatives, and best practices in trainee engagement in telemedicine and virtual care.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021264332