bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF COTTON BUD INDUCED OTITIS EXTERNA BY UNIQUE METHOD
Authors: Bukhari Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir , Aslam Sohail , Riaz Naeem , Ayub Muhammad Waqas , Saeed Irfan , Asghar Adnan , Khan Muhammad Fahad Wasim 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the recovery of patients in both groups having acute otitis externa induced by cotton buds/various objects. One group by old method and second group by unique method.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Karachi, from Jan to Dec 2020.
Methodology: Non-probability convenience sampling technique was applied. Out of 50 cases were selected for group 1 management. Fifty cases were selected for group 2 management. A chi-square test was applied to compare the recovery of two groups of patients on the 14th day and 42nd day of follow-up. p-value was kept 0.05 as significant.
Results: A total of 100 cases were treated in 2 groups. The gender distribution of the study was 54 females and 46 males. The mean age of the study population was 33.09 ± 12.93 years. p-value was calculated on the 14th day and 42nd days. A 2x2 table of 14th follow up day showed recovery by both groups with a p-value of 0.041 which is <0.05. This showed that group 2 management was statistically better than group 1 management.
Conclusion: The second group was managed with eardrops containing Betamethasone and Neomycin. This management protocol is unique and better than conventional management as done in the first group.
THYROID SURGERY: A COMPARISON OF COMMON COMPLICATIONS BETWEEN EXPERTS AND SURGEONS IN TRAINING
Authors: Shabbir Bukhar Syed Muhammad Asad , Hassan Zaheer Ul , Butt Kamran Ashfaq , Riaz Naeem , Akram Chaudhry Muhammad Bilal , Shah Amanat Ali 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of common complications of thyroid surgery by two types of surgeons.
Study Design: Comparative cross sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi & Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, from Jan 2013 to Dec 2017.
Methodology: This study was conducted to assess the role of surgical skills in complications of thyroid surgery. Surgeons performing surgery for more than 5 years were considered expert and less than 5 years of experience were considered trainee for this specific surgery. Complications by both were analyzed by SPSS-21 and descriptive statistics were applied.
Results: A total of 482 surgeries were performed. Out of 407 were female and 75 were males. Mean age was 43.55 ± 10.9 years. Expert surgeons performed 300 cases and 16 (5.3%) experienced some complication in 6 months of follow up.182 cases were performed by surgeons with lesser experience and 14 (7.5%) cases developed complications over the period of follow up. Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis occurred in 2 (0.67%) of experienced surgeons cases while 6 cases (3.2%) of less experienced surgeons had the similar complication.
Conclusion: While the overall complication rates are not much different between experienced and lesser experienced surgeons, the rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis is significantly more, though still within the acceptable international complication rate for this particular surgery.
MANAGING MASS CASUALTIES IN LIMITED RESOURCE SETTING: A COMPARISON BETWEEN A PERIPHERAL HOSPITAL AND FORWARD TREATMENT CENTER
Authors: Ikram Mobeen , Mahboob Saira , Zeba Nudrat 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To share our experience of handling mass casualties at remote locations with an aim to help formulate a policy regarding future training of doctors.
Study Design: Case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Thal Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Sep 2018, including three months in Forward Treatment Center in operational areas.
Methodology: The injuries due to war trauma were included in our study. Resource management and changes made to accommodate the influx of mass trauma that required damage control surgery were described.
Results: A total of 16 casualties from two mass casualty incidents at two medical centers were included in our study. There was no difference in triage class (p=0.96). Splinter injury limbs were most common injury. One patient required damage control surgery done at Combined Miliary Hospital with most requiring hemostasis prior to transport (8 at Combined Military Hospital versus 3 at Forward Treatment center), p=0.346.
Conclusion: Most of mass casualties at our hospital were minor injuries requiring immediate first aid. In addition, the damage control resuscitation and surgery done at these remote locations may have helped prevent mortality and morbidity in the more severely injured.
SELF-INFLICTED FIREARM INJURIES AS COMPARED TO THE ACCIDENTAL FIREARM INJURY; A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY TO DETERMINE THE COMMONEST SITE OF NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INFLICTED INJURIES
Authors: Hasnain Syed Shehzad , Ahmed Rizvi Syed Taokeer , Ashraf Imran , Khan Romesa Qaiser , Niazi Waseem Khan , Rao Ali Shan 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the commonest site of non-suicidal self-inflicted firearm wound in comparison with accidental firearm wounds.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospitals Jhelum, Bannu & Kharian, from Nov 2014 to Nov 2018.
Methodology: Sixty-four patients with firearm injuries were observed. All the participants were males between the ages of 18- 60 years. The injuries were determined to be either self-inflicted or accidental by an independent committee. The participants’ replies and responses were assessed by dividing them into five main domains by using quantitative software SPSS version 20. Variables involving demographic characteristics of participants such as age, occupation, marital and socioeconomic status, were associated with mental health variables such as psychological stress, previous history of self-harm and clinical psychiatric illness.
Result: Fifteen subjects were found to have self-inflicted injuries and 50 had accidental injuries. There was a marked preference for left foot and left lower limb as a site for non-suicidal self-inflicted injuries (94.6%) as compared to other sites (left upper extremity 1.8%, chest 1.8% and right lower extremity 1.8%).
Conclusions: Left lower limb and left foot was a more common site for self-injury as compared to the other sites.
A MULTICENTRIC COMPARATIVE STUDY IDENTIFYING ‘RESEARCH OBSTACLES’ AMONG POSTGRADUATE RESIDENTS OF DIFFERENT ‘MEDICAL & DENTAL INSTITUTES OF BALOCHISTAN AND PUNJAB’
Authors: Saeed Nabiha Farasat , Saeed Muhammad , Saeed Imran , Butt Arshad Kamal 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the research obstacles including lack of proper training, previous exposure, time management, motivation, faculty research knowledge, skill, social constrains and lack of interest among post-graduate residents of Balochistan with those of Children’s Hospital, Lahore.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Dental College, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta, Quetta Institute of Medical Sciences & Institute of Public Health of Balochistan, from Mar to May 2018, and Children’s Hospital Lahore, Lahore, from Jul to Aug 2017.
Methodology: A total of 72 postgraduates from three different institutes of Balochistan and 90 from Children’s Hospital, Lahore were recruited in this study. The questionnaire was distributed to the participants of both institutions; data was collected & entered into SPSS version 22.
Results: Female predominance (64.4%) was observed in post-graduates of Children’s Hospital, Lahore in comparison to institutions from Balochistan while there were 61% males. Majority (90%) post-graduate residents of Balochistan recognized time management, deficient laboratory and other facilities followed by lack of mentoring by faculty 59 (83%) and lack of motivation 60 (84%) as the most important factors that hinder their scientific activities. Additionally, 91 (86.6%) postgraduates of Children’s Hospital, Lahore suggested lack of proper research training and 87 (83.3%) suggested lack of previous exposure as the main hindering factors in their research work.
Conclusion: Post-graduate residents of diverse economic, educational and cultural backgrounds present different perceptions about research hurdles. However, those from both provinces identified that lack of..........
A COMPARISON OF SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE BLOCK VS INTRAARTICULAR STEROID INJECTION IN IMPROVEMENT OF HEMIPLEGIC SHOULDER PAIN
Authors: Bin Noor Musab , Butt Aamir Waheed , Iqbal Waseem , Rashid Maimuna 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To compare the mean improvement in pain on Visual Analogue Scale by Suprascapular Nerve block and Intra-articular steroid injection in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.
Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial
Place and Duration of Study: Pain Clinic, Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Rawalpindi from 25th October 2017 to 24th April 2018
Patients & Methods: 60 patients with CVA and shoulder pain on hemiplegic side for at least 2 weeks were included in study after non-probability consecutive sampling after meeting inclusion criteria. Subjects were randomized by lottery into two groups; Group A receiving Suprascapular Nerve block with 5ml of 1% Lignocaine with Group B receiving Intra-articular 40mg Triamcinolone Acetonide plus 1 ml of 1% Lignocaine injections. Mean change in pain scores on VAS was calculated between score at baseline and at 4 weeks post-intervention
Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 59.17 ± 9.81 years and in group B was 39.96 ± 11.11 years. Out of 60 patients, 34 (56.67%) were males and 26 (43.33%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Mean duration of stroke was 7.50 ± 2.66 months. Mean pain change on VAS in Group A (Suprascapular Nerve block) was 3.83 ± 1.12 cm while in Group B (Intra-articular steroid injection) it was 2.17 ± 0.99 cm (p-value = 0.0001).
Conclusion: This study concluded that Suprascapular Nerve block offered better improvement in hemiplegic shoulder pain on Visual Analogue Scale at 4 weeks as compared to intraarticular steroid injection.
OUTCOME OF SALINE WOUND LAVAGE PRIOR TO WOUND CLOSURE IN GYNAECOLOGICAL AND OBSTETRICAL PATIENTS
Authors: Saleem Uzma , Waseem Tayyaba , Babar Malik Waseem 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of saline wound lavage in reducing wound infections in patients undergoing gynaecological and obstetrical abdominal surgical procedures.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pakistan Navy Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Sep 2019.
Methodology: All the patients undergoing gynaecological or obstetrical surgical procedures were enrolled after informed consent. Participants underwent elective or emergency surgery. In Group A with 551 patients, saline wound Lavage was done before closure, whereas in 533 patients in group B saline wound irrigation was not done. Similar post-operative care was provided to both groups. All patients were observed for febrile illness and wound discharge on 2nd, 8th, 15th and 30th postoperative day.
Results: Out of 1084 patients, there were 551 (50.7%) in saline wound irrigation group A, while 533 (49.3%) were in group B where no saline wound irrigation was done. The frequency of febrile illness was observed in 49 (3.8%) patients. Febrile illness was significantly higher in patients without saline wound irrigation as compared to patients with saline wound irrigation (pvalue 0.002). The frequency of wound discharge was observed in 28 (22.2%) patients. Wound discharge was significantly higher in patients without saline wound irrigation as compared to patients with saline wound irrigation (p-value=0.018).
Conclusion: Saline wound irrigation prior to wound closure in obstetrical and gynaecological abdominal procedures can lead to a significant reduction in surgical site infection.
ASSOCIATION OF BODY MASS INDEX AND LIPID PROFILE WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTION
Authors: Younas Amna , Hanif Waqas , Ali Oshaque , Jamal Sumaira , Nawaz Aqsa , Ain Qurat Ul 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To find out association of lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) profile among cases having chronic hepatitis C virus (CHCV) infection.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan, from Mar 2019 to Feb 2020.
Methodology: A total of 320 cases of both genders, aged 18-60 years, having chronic hepatitis C virus infection were enrolled. After taking relevant history and physical examination, venous blood sample of each patient was taken and sent to institutional laboratory for analysis of serum total cholesterol (TC) level, serum triglyceride (TG) level, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) were analyzed. Body mass index among all the study participants was also calculated.
Results: Out of a total of 320 cases, there were 152 (47.5%) male and 168 (52.5%) female. Mean age was 41.7 ± 8.1 years. Most of the cases, 97 (30.3%) were between 41-50 years of group. Dyslipidemia was noted in 144 (45%) cases. Increasing age and increasing Body mass index were found to have statistical significance with the presence of dyslipidemia (p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: Increasing age and body mass index have significant association with dyslipidemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Lipid profile altered among different age and body mass index groups.
ENHANCED RECOVERY PATHWAYS (ERAS) IMPLEMENTATION IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY; AN EARLY EXPERIENCE
Authors: Riaz Aaishah , Umair Bilal , Asghar Asif , Imtiaz Muhammad , Khan Raheel , Bilal Azfar 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the impact of enhanced recovery pathways (ERAS) on hospital stay and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy in comparison to conventional pathway.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Thoracic Surgery Department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Mar 2020.
Methodology: A total of 80 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy were divided in two groups. Group A underwent ERAS pathway and group B underwent conventional pathway. Both groups were compared for demographic characteristics, mean ICU stay, length of hospital stay, commencement of oral intake, and time of chest drain removal, readmission rates, postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Results: There was no significant difference in age, gender and diagnostic indication among both groups. ERAS group was found to have shorter mean ICU stay (1.18 ± 0.55 vs 2.06 ± 1.10 days p<0.012), shorter hospital stay (7.50 ± 1.23 vs 11.6 ± 3.65 days, p<.001), earlier commencement of oral feeding (4.30 ± 1.41 vs 9.10 ± 4.26 days, p<0.001) and early removal of chest drains (3.22 ± vs 4.11 ± 1.52 p<0.001); when compared to conventional group. Overall morbidity in ERAS group was 50 (40%) versus 65% (81.25%) in conventional group. Mortality was same in both groups (2.5%). There was no readmission in ERAS group.
Conclusion: ERAS in minimally invasive esophagectomy is safe and has positive impact on postoperative outcomes with marked reduction in overall morbidity in comparison to conventional regime. Results can be enhanced by ensuring better compliance to its.......
VALIDATION OF URDU VERSION OF CENTER FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES FOR DEPRESSION SCALE FOR CHILDREN IN CONTEXT OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Mustafa Nazia , Maqsood Aneela 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To translate and psychometrically validate the center for epidemiological studies for depression scale (CES-DC) for Pakistani children.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Various schools in Rawalpindi, from Feb to Mar 2021.
Methodology: Present study comprised of translation, cross-language validation and investigation of psychometric properties of the scale into Urdu Language. Urdu translated version and strength and difficulty questionnaire were administered on 154 primary school children from various private schools situated in Rawalpindi district. Cronbach’s alpha reliability, item-total correlation and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for analysis.
Results: Results revealed that this scale had good internal consistency and reliability (Urdu-version α=0.73; English-version α = 0.65) along with correlation coefficients over a period of 15 days (r=0.96). Cronbach’s alpha value of scales was found to be fairly high (r=0.78 and r=0.81). Item-total correlation of translated scale was also satisfactory (ranged from 0.04-0.58) and Pearson’s correlation of translated version with strength and difficulty questionnaire indicated good convergent validity (r= 0.54; p<0.01).
Conclusion: Results supported the feasibility, reliability and validity of the Urdu version of this scale to screen depression among Urdu speaking pediatric Pakistani population.
ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHO-SOCIAL IMPACT OF ACNE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF RAWALPINDI
Authors: Rashid Zubaida , Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Sharif Imtenan , Zaidi Syeda Urooj , Maroof Saira , Khan Mufliha , Liaqat Umama 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the psychosocial impact of acne and to evaluate the quality of life in relation to severity of symptoms among young adults.
Study Design: Cross-sectional – analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Feb 2019.
Methodology: We included 300 individuals visiting the hospital and their quality of life was assessed using Acne quality of life Index questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS-23.
Results: Total scores were calculated for three domains of Quality of life in patients with Acne i.e. Self-perception, Emotional well-being and Social life. Out of these three domains, Social Life was most affected by acne (mean score 15.61 ± 7.37out of a total of 30) and Self-Perception was seen to be least affected (mean score 16.90 ± 8.20). There was a strong positive co-relation between the increasing severity of symptoms and impact on Self Perception (r=-0.58, p<0.01), between severity and Impact on Social life (r=-0.581, p<0.01) and between severity of symptoms and Impact on emotional well-being of the patients (r=-0.551, p<0.01). A significant difference was seen between the two genders with reference to the impact on “Social Life”, the meanscore for Males being 13.96 ± 7.55 while that for Females being 17.29 ± 6.81 (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Acne has significant impact on the quality of life of patients treated by primary care physicians. The severity of symptoms had strong positive correlation with self-perception, social and emotional domains.
FREQUENCY OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT BY MEANS OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN NEONATES AT A TERTIARY-CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Rasool Uzma , Rehman Saqib Ur , Ayaz Saeed Bin , Tariq Ghulam Rasool , Shah Ghulam Ghaus 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract by means of ultrasound in neonates.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, from May 2015 to Jan 2016.
Methodology: A total of 150 neonates reporting for routine abdominal ultrasonography were included. Honda Convex Scanner model HS-2000 with probe of frequency of 5-7 MHz was used for the ultrasonography.
Results: Mean age of the neonates was 13.8 ± 7.5 days. Seventy-six (50.7%) were male and 74 (49.3%) were female. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract were observed in 10 (6.7%) neonates. Most neonates had more than one anomaly. The left side was involved in 6 (4%) neonates while right side was involved in 4 (2.7%). Hydronephrosis was the most common abnormality found in 8 (5.3%) cases. The location of kidneys was abnormal (ectopic) in 2 (1.3%) neonates. Abnormal dimension was seen in seven cases and abnormal corticomedullary differentiation was found in 5 (3.3%) cases. Non-symmetrical cases were 5 (3.3%). Hydroureter was observed in 3 (2%) neonates and urinary bladder was abnormal in 2 (1.3%) neonates.
Conclusion: The frequency of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in neonates by means of postnatal ultrasonographic scan in our study population was 6.7%. Hydronephrosis was the most common anomaly.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANEMIA AND BONE PROFILE IN NON-DIALYSIS DEPENDENT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ANEMIA AND BONE PROFILE IN CKD
Authors: Kanwal Shamsa , Aamir Muhammad , Mansoor Khurram , Asif Naveed , Tanveer Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine association between iron deficiency anemia and bone profile in cases of chronic kidney disease not undergoing dialysis.
Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in collaboration with department of Nephrology, Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Oct 2019.
Methodology: A total of 300 chronic kidney disease patients who were not dependent on any kind of dialysis were included in our study. Chronic kidney disease was confirmed according to National Kidney Foundation/Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative criteria. Hemoglobin, Mean corpuscular volume and ferritin levels were used to diagnose iron deficiency anemia. Association of Calcium, inorganic Phosphorous, Magnesium, Alkaline phosphatase and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) was determined with iron deficiency anemia.
Results: Out of 300 patients studied 201 (67%) were females while 99 (33%) were males. Mean age of participants was 43.51 ± 5.652 years. Mean duration of chronic kidney disease was 4.36 ± 3.712 years. One hundred and forty one (47%) patients had no anemia while 159 (53%) had presence of iron deficiency anemia. After applying binary logistic regression analysis hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia were noted to have a statistically significant association with iron deficiency anemia in the target sample size.
Conclusion: This study revealed a high frequency of iron deficiency anemia in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia were found having strong association with presence of iron deficiency anemia in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease patients.
Is IS PSEUDOEXFOLIATION A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR FOR GLAUCOMA? A CROSSSECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF A PAKISTANI POPULATION
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Abbas Hussnain , Ali Saqib , Javaid Haroon , Naimat Khalid 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the association between pseudoexfoliation and glaucoma.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Eye Outpatient department of Combined Military Hospital, Multan from Jan to Dec 2019.
Methodology: A total of 170 patients reporting to the eye outpatient department were examined for the presence of Pseudoexfoliation and glaucoma based on raised intraocular pressure >21mm Hg, increased cup disc ratio and visual field defects. Therefore, a total of 340 eyes were examined.
Results: Out of a total of 252 eyes with pseudoexfoliation, 40 (15.9%) had glaucoma. This frequency of glaucoma was significantly higher in eyes with pseudoexfoliation 87 (98.9%), in comparison to eyes without pseudoexfoliation 1 (1.1%); p<0.01).
Conclusion: Pseudoexfoliation was found to be strongly associated with glaucoma.