bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation and emerging functions of non‐coding RNAs in inflammation and immunity
Authors: Della Bella Elena , Koch Jana , Baerenfaller Katja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRegulatory non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including small non‐coding RNAs (sRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained considerable attention in the last few years. This is mainly due to their condition‐ and tissue‐specific expression and their various modes of action, which suggests them as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. One important mechanism of ncRNAs to regulate gene expression is through translation of short open reading frames (sORFs). These sORFs can be located in lncRNAs, in non‐translated regions of mRNAs where upstream ORFs (uORFs) represent the majority, or in circRNAs. Regulation of their translation can function as a quick way to adapt protein production to changing cellular or environmental cues, and can either depend solely on the initiation and elongation of translation, or on the roles of the produced functional peptides. Due to the experimental challenges to pinpoint translation events and to detect the produced peptides, translational regulation through regulatory RNAs is not well studied yet. In the case of circRNAs, they have only recently started to be recognized as regulatory molecules instead of mere artifacts of RNA biosynthesis. Of the many roles described for regulatory ncRNAs, we will focus here on their regulation during inflammation and in immunity.
Longitudinal effects of COVID‐19‐related stressors on young adults' mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Graupensperger Scott , Calhoun Brian H. , Patrick Megan E. , Lee Christine M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has presented young adults with novel challenges and disruptions to several life domains. The current study examined how COVID‐19‐related stressors (i.e., job‐related, financial‐related, social/relational, and illness‐related stressors) relate to young adults' symptoms of depression and anxiety, and satisfaction with life (in the US). In Aim 1, we examined associations between COVID‐19‐related stressors and indices of mental health and well‐being in the initial phase of the pandemic (April/May 2020) while accounting for participants' pre‐pandemic levels of these outcomes in January of 2020 (N = 519; Mage = 25.4; 62.8% women). Social/relational stressors were most strongly associated with increased symptoms of anxiety/depression, and financial stressors were most strongly associated with decreased satisfaction with life. Extending this research longitudinally (Aim 2), we sampled young adults bi‐monthly across a year‐long period (September 2020 to August 2021). Multilevel models revealed within‐person associations between each stressor domain and mental health/well‐being; young adults reported more symptoms of depression/anxiety and lower satisfaction with life in months that stressors were relatively more salient. Interactions between stressors and time revealed associations were generally stronger in earlier months and decreased linearly across the pandemic. Taken together, longitudinal evidence indicates that COVID‐19‐related stressors, especially social/relational stressors, have direct and time‐varying associations with mental health and well‐being.
A case of direct inguinal hernia incarceration after transperitoneal robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Nakamura Kenichi , Shibasaki Susumu , Fukaya Kosuke , Nakauchi Masaya , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Inaba Kazuki , Shiroki Ryoichi , Uyama Ichiro , Suda Koichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we report a case of incarcerated direct inguinal hernia (DIH) after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in a patient with concomitant DIH. The 71‐year‐old man underwent RARP. Six days later, he developed a right DIH incarceration. His laparoscopy findings revealed an incarcerated intestine that was adherent to the hernia orifice. After reducing the hernia, the peritoneum was found to be defective in the right DIH orifice. The DIH was then repaired via the Lichtenstein method. The patient was discharged without complications on postoperative day 13. No recurrence was observed at 3‐year follow‐up. When repair and peritoneum closure for concomitant DIH are not performed in RARP, it should be kept in mind that the nonrepaired concomitant DIH orifice may develop intestinal incarceration and adhesion to the hernia orifice without the peritoneum immediately after RARP.
Functional roles of frugivores and plants shape hyper‐diverse mutualistic interactions under two antagonistic conservation scenarios
Authors: Fuzessy Lisieux , Sobral Gisela , Carreira Daiane , Rother Débora Cristina , Barbosa Gedimar , Landis Mariana , Galetti Mauro , Dallas Tad , Cardoso Cláudio Vinícius , Culot Laurence , Jordano Pedro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDisentangling the structure of plant–animal mutualisms shed light on how species are organized, and allow us to infer about resilience, specificity, and ultimately the consequences of the loss of functions to the ecosystem. Here we gathered fruit–frugivore interactions for all the major vertebrate taxa interacting with plants in two conservation states in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: a small patch and a continuous forest. Using a network approach, we identified individual roles played by vertebrates and plants, as well as the most relevant functional traits determining the network structure. The most important vertebrates in the continuous forest were the frugivorous characterized by the ability to swallow fruits containing small to large seeds, but they also were the first to be vanished from the small patch decades ago. Animal gape/gullet size, but not body mass, together with the greatest degrees of frugivory contributed to structure the conserved community. In the forest patch, where specialization degrees (in terms of number of interactions performed) were lost, small generalist birds and the only still living primate, along with small lipid‐rich fruits, were central in maintaining community structure. This study brings insights on the potential of conserved forests to hold important species‐rich interactions, at the same time that small patches count on small birds and small fruits with increased energetic rewards to maintain structuring under human degradation threats. Our results reemphasize the importance of preserving large continuous forest remnants to support important mutualistic interactions subjected to functional traits already lost in small degraded patches.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Long‐term comparison of the orchid bee community in the tropical dry forest of Costa Rica
Authors: Bravo Yanil , Hanson Paul E. , Chacón‐Madrigal Eduardo , Lobo‐Segura Jorge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlobal bee decline and its impact on pollination in agricultural and natural ecosystems have attracted public attention. However, more data are needed to show their generality and intensity in different ecosystems, especially in the tropics. For centuries, the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Costa Rica underwent intense deforestation, but in the last four decades, a large part of this forest has entered a recovery process. Using data of orchid bees generated by Janzen et al. (Ecology, 63, 66) in TDF in the Santa Rosa sector of the Guanacaste Conservation Area (ACG), we posed a general question: What changes have occurred in diversity, composition, and seasonality of the euglossine bee community in the TDF during the last 40 years and how are these changes related to the current recovery of this forest. We sampled euglossine bees during 2018–2019 using methods similar to those applied previously. To characterize the response of euglossine bees to habitat loss, we extended the sampling to pastures adjacent to the protected area. With the loss (n = 4) and gain (n = 3) of bee species, we did not find significant changes in overall species richness between now and 40 years ago. However, the composition of the euglossine community in the protected area in 1977 was more similar to that found in current pastures than to the current community in forests, where the presence of forest‐dependent species has been favored. It is possible that TDF regeneration in Santa Rosa has led to changes in the composition of the community of these bees.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Fulfilling global marine commitments; lessons learned from Gabon
Authors: Metcalfe Kristian , White Lee , Lee Michelle E. , Fay J. Michael , Abitsi Gaspard , Parnell Richard J. , Smith Robert J. , Agamboue Pierre Didier , Bayet Jean Pierre , Mve Beh Jean Hervé , Bongo Serge , Boussamba Francois , De Bruyne Godefroy , Cardiec Floriane , Chartrain Emmanuel , Collins Tim , Doherty Philip D. , Formia Angela , Gately Mark , Gnandji Micheline Schummer , Ikoubou Innocent , Kema Kema Judicael Régis , Kombila Koumba , Kongo Pavlick Etoughe , Manfoumbi Jean Churley , Maxwell Sara M. , Mba Asseko Georges H. , McClellan Catherine M. , Minton Gianna , Ndjimbou Samyra Orianne , Nkoane Ndoutoume Guylène , Bibang Bi Nguema Jean Noel , Nkizogho Teddy , Nzegoue Jacob , Kouerey Oliwina Carmen Karen , Otsagha Franck Mbeme , Savarit Diane , Pikesley Stephen K. , du Plessis Philippe , Rainey Hugo , Kingbell Rockombeny Lucienne Ariane Diapoma , Rosenbaum Howard C. , Segan Dan , Sounguet Guy‐Philippe , Stokes Emma J. , Tilley Dominic , Vilela Raul , Viljoen Wynand , Weber Sam B. , Witt Matthew J. , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs part of the Post‐2020 Biodiversity Framework, nations are assessing progress over the past decade in addressing the underlying drivers that influence direct pressures on biodiversity and formulating new policies and strategies for the decade to come. For marine conservation, global marine protected area (MPA) coverage is still falling short of the 10% target set in 2010. Here we show that while this reflects a lack of progress in many low‐ and middle‐income countries, a few of these nations have met or exceeded international commitments. To provide an in‐depth explanation of how this was achieved in Gabon, we summarize the lessons learnt by our consortium of policy makers and practitioners who helped implement a comprehensive and ecologically representative network of 20 MPAs. We show the importance of creating a national framework, building long‐term stakeholder support, and focusing on research that guides implementation and policy; and outline a four‐step approach that countries and donors could use as an example to help meet international commitments. By responding to calls to share lessons learned to inform future Convention on Biological Diversity targets, we show how Gabon's experiences could inform change elsewhere.
The distinctive histopathology of cicatricial alopecia caused by IgG4‐related disease
Authors: Sperling Leonard C. , von Kuster Ken , Silver Shane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is characterized by masses at multiple sites, a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate containing numerous IgG4+ plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and often elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. We present a third case of alopecia (in this instance, cicatricial) caused by IgG4‐RD. Based on our findings combined with those seen in two other cases, the histopathologic features of IgG4‐RD alopecia include: sparing of the epidermis, cicatricial (scarring) alopecia with a markedly decreased number of hairs, miniaturization of residual hairs, and total loss of the sebaceous glands. Groups of follicles with their associated sebaceous glands (follicular units) are replaced by an extremely dense infiltrate of lymphocytes and especially plasma cells. Histiocytic aggregates, both foamy and non‐foamy, may also be present. Variable degrees of fibroplasia may be present but are not an important feature in this type of alopecia.
Concominant bullous pemphigoid and cutaneous Crohn disease
Authors: Cobb Caryn B. C. , Caravaglio Joseph V. , Qureshi Abrar A. , Robinson‐Bostom Leslie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report a case of new‐onset bullous pemphigoid manifesting concurrently with cutaneous Crohn disease in a 58‐year‐old woman. Cutaneous Crohn disease is an extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn disease characterized by non‐specific plaques or nodules. Bullous pemphigoid, a sub‐epidermal autoimmune blistering disorder, has been observed in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease. The patient presented with recurrent bullae on the abdomen, thighs, and buttocks of 1 year's duration. She was not on any immunosuppressive therapies and had been treated with infliximab and azathioprine for her Crohn disease, which were discontinued 8 years before the blistering commenced. Punch biopsy of lesional skin showed a sub‐epidermal blister with eosinophils. Sarcoidal and tuberculoid granulomas were present in the dermis. Direct immunofluorescence revealed linear 2+ IgG and 3+ C3 along the basement membrane. Indirect immunofluorescence was positive for BP180 and BP230 antibodies. These findings support the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid with concomitant cutaneous Crohn disease. Both bullous pemphigoid and Crohn disease have been associated with an altered T‐cell response. The similarities in the pathogenesis of the underlying inflammatory milieu suggest a possible etiopathogenic connection. This is believed to be the first report of cutaneous Crohn disease presenting simultaneously with bullous pemphigoid on histopathological examination.
Early motor repertoire and neurodevelopment at 2 years in infants born extremely preterm or extremely‐low‐birthweight
Authors: Kwong Amanda K. L. , Doyle Lex W. , Olsen Joy E. , Eeles Abbey L. , Lee Katherine J. , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Spittle Alicia J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the relationship between early motor repertoire and 2‐year neurodevelopment in infants born extremely preterm (<28 weeks’ gestation) or extremely‐low‐birthweight (ELBW) (<1000g).MethodThis was a geographical prospective cohort of 139 infants born extremely preterm/ELBW (mean gestational age 26.7 weeks, standard deviation [SD] 2.0, 68/139 [49%] male), with parent‐recorded videos suitable for scoring the General Movements Assessment (GMA). Motor repertoire was assessed using the Motor Optimality Score‐Revised (MOS‐R), with and without the fidgety movement subsection, and the GMA alone at 12 to 13+6 weeks corrected age and 14 to 15+6 weeks corrected age. At 2 years corrected age, impaired development was defined as Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition motor and cognitive development scores 1SD or less relative to controls born at term; paediatricians diagnosed cerebral palsy (CP).ResultsGreater MOS‐R scores at 14 to 15+6 weeks corrected age were associated with lower odds of CP (odds ratio [OR] per 1‐point increase=0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.71–0.99), and motor (OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.87–0.99), or cognitive impairment (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.88–0.99). Absent/abnormal GMA at 14 to 15+6 weeks was associated with CP and motor delay. There was little evidence that MOS‐R scores at 12 to 13+6 weeks were associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years.InterpretationPoorer MOS‐R scores and absent/abnormal GMA, scored from parent‐recorded videos at 14 to 15+6 weeks gestational age, are associated with CP and developmental impairment in 2‐year‐old infants born extremely preterm/ELBW.
Biologically active cuticular compounds of female Sirex noctilio
Authors: Faal Hajar , Silk Peter J. , LeClair Gaetan , Teale Stephen A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Eurasian woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is a major invasive pest in pine plantations of the Southern Hemisphere. In this study, we aimed to identify pheromone compounds in S. noctilio females, for potential use in lures for pest monitoring and control. An examination of S. noctilio body washes resulted in the identification of a behaviorally active compound, 10‐oxo‐decanoic acid (10‐ODA), that is derived from cuticular hydrocarbons of females. This oxocarboxylic acid is likely produced through oxidative reactions at the cleavage of double bonds of certain female‐produced cuticular dienes. Gas chromatography‐electroantennogram detection (GC‐EAD) analyses showed that only male antennae consistently responded to natural and synthetic 10‐ODA. In olfactometer assays, 10‐ODA alone was attractive to S. noctilio males, although males marginally preferred the combination of 10‐ODA and nonanal, compared with 10‐ODA alone. This suggests pheromonal activity of this compound. However, no wasps were captured in initial field trapping experiments with 10‐ODA and further work is required.
Feasibility of high performance in p‐type Ge1−xBixTe materials for thermoelectric modules
Authors: Dashevsky Zinovi , Horichok Ihor , Maksymuk Mykola , Muchtar Ahmad Rifqi , Srinivasan Bhuvanesh , Mori Takao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGeTe is a promising candidate for the fabrication of high‐temperature segments for p‐type thermoelectric (TE) legs. The main restriction for the widespread use of this material in TE devices is high carrier concentration (up to ∼ 1021 cm−3), which causes the low Seebeck coefficient and high electronic component of thermal conductivity. In this work, the band structure diagram and phase equilibria data have been effectively used to attune the carrier concentration and to obtain the high TE performance. The Ge1−xBixTe (x = 0.04) material prepared by the Spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique demonstrates a high power factor accompanied by moderate thermal conductivity. As a result, a significantly higher dimensionless TE figure of merit ZT = 2.0 has been obtained at ∼ 800 K. Moreover, we are the first to propose that application of the developed Ge1−xBixTe (x = 0.04) material in the TE unicouple should be accompanied by SnTe and CoGe2 transition layers. Only such a unique solution for the TE unicouple makes it possible to prevent the negative effects of high contact resistance and chemical diffusion between the segments at high temperatures.
Fragmentation and granular transition of ceramics for high rate loading
Authors: Bhattacharjee Amartya , Hurley Ryan C. , Graham‐Brady Lori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper presents a numerical model to study the transition of brittle materials from a cracked solid to a granular medium under impact loading. The model addresses competitive crack coalescence in the transition regime and provides insight into the onset of comminution and the initial conditions for subsequent granular flow. Crack statistics obtained from initial flaws using a wing crack growth‐based damage model have been used to discretely model elliptical cracks in three dimensions. These discrete cracks are either generated randomly in space or with a constraint that minimizes the intersection between neighboring cracks. These cracks are then allowed to coalesce with nearby cracks along with favorable directions and the output fragment statistics are predicted. A simple statistical model is proposed that suggests a transition criterion resembling the one obtained from the numerical model. Initial fragments are power‐law distributed similarly to experimental observations and particle‐based models. A generalized form of a microstructure‐dependent granular transition criterion based on a threshold measure of crack lengths has been proposed. This model can be implemented in numerical codes to activate granular physics and calibrate the initial conditions of granular flow, such as fragment size and morphology.
An actin-like protein PoARP9 involves in the regulation of development and cellulase and amylase expression in Penicillium oxalicum
Authors: Xu Gen , Guo Hao , Yan Mengdi , Jia Zhilei , Li Zhonghai , Chen Mei , Bao Xiaoming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
In eukaryotic cells, chromatin remodelling complexes are essential for the accessibility of transcription factors to the specific regulating regions of downstream genes. Here, we identified an actin-like protein PoARP9 in cellulase production strain Penicillium oxalicum 114-2, which was an essential member of SWI/SNF complex. To investigate the physiological function of PoARP9 in transcriptional regulation, the coding gene Poarp9 was deleted in P. oxalicum 114-2.

Methods and Results
The absence of PoARP9 affected the colony growth on medium with glucose, cellulose or starch as sole carbon source. Meanwhile, the expression levels of major cellulase genes were all upregulated in ΔPoarp9 under the cellulase-inducing condition. In addition, the expression levels of amylase transcription activator AmyR as well as two major amylase genes were also increased in ΔPoarp9.

Conclusions
These results demonstrated that chromatin remodelling affects the development and expression of cellulase and amylase in P. oxalicum. And the SWI/SNF complex member PoARP9 plays essential roles in these processes.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study provided new insights into the regulation of cellulase and development in P. oxalicum. And the regulatory function of SWI/SNF complex member ARP9 towards cellulase and amylase expression in P. oxalicum was verified for the first time.
Evaluation of environmental conditions as a decontamination approach for SARS-CoV-2 when applied to common library, archive and museum-related materials
Authors: Richter William R. , Sunderman Michelle M. , Mera Tom O. , O'Brien Kim A. , Morgan Kendra , Streams Sharon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ambient or altered environmental conditions on the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 applied to materials common in libraries, archives and museums.

Methods and Results
Porous and non-porous materials (e.g. paper, plastic protective book cover) were inoculated with approximately 1 × 105 TCID50 SARS CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020), dried, placed within test chamber in either a stacked or unstacked configuration, and exposed to environmental conditions ranging from 4 to 29°C at 40 ± 10% relative humidity. The amount of infectious SARS-CoV-2 was then assessed at various timepoints from 0 to 10 days. Ambient conditions resulted in varying inactivation rates per material type. Virus inactivation rate decreased when materials were stacked or at colder temperatures. Virus inactivation rate increased when materials were unstacked or at warmer temperatures.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 at ambient conditions resulted in the inactivation of virus below limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all materials by Day 8. Warmer temperatures, for a subset of materials, increased SARS-CoV-2 inactivation, and all were &lt;LOQ by Day 3.

Significance and Impact of the Study
These results provide information for the library, archives and museum community regarding the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2, showing that inactivation is possible using prescribed environmental conditions and is a potential method of decontamination for items not compatible with common liquid disinfectants.