bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOTAS SOBRE DESIGUALDADE E DIVERSIDADE NO PNE
Authors: Lázaro André , Marqui Amanda 
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a articulação entre “diversidade/desigualdade” a partir da análise do Plano Nacional de Educação (Lei no 13.005/2014). Nossa proposta é refletir sobre indicadores que permitam o monitoramento das metas e estratégias relativas aos grupos sociais da “diversidade” e aqueles que sofrem “desigualdades educacionais”. Vale ressaltar que o PNE trata “desigualdades” e “diversidade” com duas atitudes distintas: “superar as desigualdades educacionais” e promover “os princípios do respeito aos direitos humanos, à diversidade”. Desigualdades e diversidade estão imbricadas de tal modo na sociedade brasileira que a crítica da desigualdade deve também considerar as condições que transformam diferenças em hierarquias e atacar os preconceitos que buscam naturalizar injustiças sociais para garantir sua reprodução. Sendo assim, as atividades de acompanhamento e monitoramento do PNE devem, portanto, adotar o ponto de vista das diretrizes e distinguir “desigualdades” e “diversidades” como dois temas articulados, porém distintos. [1] A primeira versão deste artigo foi elaborada em 2016 para o debate interno da equipe do Observatório do PNE (https://www.observatoriodopne.org.br/). Esta versão é inédita. Agradecemos à equipe do OPNE na pessoa de Vanessa Yume, coordenadora à época.
Foliar Gall and Antioxidant Enzyme Responses in Alstonia scholaris, R. Br. after Psylloid Herbivory– An Experimental and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Mandal Biswas Suparna , Chakraborty Nabanita , Pal Baidyanath 
Published: November 2022

Alstonia scholaris, R. Br. (Apocynaceae, commonly known as Devil tree) is an elegant evergreen tree, which serves as a host for foliar galls caused by Pauropsylla tuberculata, Crawf. A. scholaris is useful both medicinally as well as being an important shade tree and gall formation being problematic for using this tree in the cities. Gall formation in mature plant does not much effect the plant but when the young plants are affected it harms the plant. Gall induction, mediated by insect-herbivore chemical stimuli, is the result of anatomical and biochemical alterations in the host-plant tissues. In order to understand the biochemical changes induced by P. tuberculata on Alstonia, we studied the chlorophyll content and secondary metabolites specially phenolics that apparently act as defense compounds and also the activity of two foliar antioxidant enzymes, catalase and peroxidase both experimentally and statistically. Activity of antioxidant enzymes and phenolics were found to be positively correlated with different stages of gall leaves whereas chlorophyll content exhibited strong negative correlation. Information from both the studies led us to suggest that antioxidant enzymes and phenolics act as biochemical markers of foliar gall resistance in Alstonia scholaris.
Synaptic reshaping of plastic neuronal networks by periodic multichannel stimulation with single-pulse and burst stimuli
Authors: Kromer Justus A. , Tass Peter A. 
Published: November 2022

Synaptic dysfunction is associated with several brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Utilizing synaptic plasticity, brain stimulation is capable of reshaping synaptic connectivity. This may pave the way for novel therapies that specifically counteract pathological synaptic connectivity. For instance, in PD, novel multichannel coordinated reset stimulation (CRS) was designed to counteract neuronal synchrony and down-regulate pathological synaptic connectivity. CRS was shown to entail long-lasting therapeutic aftereffects in PD patients and related animal models. This is in marked contrast to conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy, where PD symptoms return shortly after stimulation ceases.
In the present paper, we study synaptic reshaping by periodic multichannel stimulation (PMCS) in networks of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). During PMCS, phase-shifted periodic stimulus trains are delivered to segregated neuronal subpopulations. Harnessing STDP, PMCS leads to changes of the synaptic network structure. We found that the PMCS-induced changes of the network structure depend on both the phase lags between stimuli and the shape of individual stimuli. Single-pulse stimuli and burst stimuli with low intraburst frequency down-regulate synapses between neurons receiving stimuli simultaneously. In contrast, burst stimuli with high intraburst frequency up-regulate these synapses. We derive theoretical approximations of the stimulation-induced network structure. This enables us to formulate stimulation strategies for inducing a variety of network structures. Our results provide testable hypotheses for future pre-clinical and clinical studies and suggest that periodic multichannel stimulation may be suitable for reshaping plastic neuronal networks to counteract pathological synaptic connectivity. Furthermore, we provide novel insight on how the stimulus type may affect the long-lasting outcome of conventional DBS. This may strongly impact parameter adjustment procedures for clinical DBS, which, so far, primarily focused on acute effects of stimulation.
A study on the performance and cost-effectiveness of robots in replacing manual nucleic acid collection method: Experience from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chi Zhuoyuan , Tu Yusi , Gong Fangfang , Tang Wenxi 
Published: November 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led nucleic acid collection and detection became a measure to ensure normal life in China. Considering the huge detection demand, it has emerged that robots replace manual sample collection. However, the cost-effectiveness of nucleic acid collection by robots instead of humans remain unknown.

Methods
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shenzhen Luohu District People’s Hospital, number 2021-LHQRMYY-KYLL-031a. All participants signed the written informed consent of this study. 273 volunteers were recruited on December 1st 2021 from Shenzhen and divided into six groups: one group to be sampled by robots and the others to be sampled manually with varying specifications for swab rotation and insertion time. Questionnaires were distributed to the robot group to ask them sampling feeling. The effectiveness and safety of sampling were evaluated through the sampling efficiency, adverse events and sampling feeling of different groups. The economics of the different methods were judged by comparing the sampling cost for each.

Results
The sampling efficiency of the robot group was 96.9%, and there was no statistically significant difference between the other five manually sampled groups (p = 0.586). There were no serious adverse events in any of the six groups, but nasal soreness and tearing did occur in all group. Of the volunteers who underwent robotic sampling, 85.94% reported that the experience was either no different or more comfortable than the manual sampling. In economic terms, a single robot used to replace medical staff for sample collection becomes economically advantageous when the working time is ≥ 455 days. If multiple robots are used to replace twice the number of manual collections, it becomes more economical at 137 days and remains so as long as the robot is used.

Conclusions
It appears safe and effective for robots to replace manual sampling method. Implementation of robotic sampling is economical and feasible, and can significantly save costs when working over a long term.
New insights into antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 for healthcare personnel vaccinated with tozinameran (Comirnaty)
Authors: Fernández-Suárez Antonio , Jiménez Coronado Rosa , Clavijo Aroca Carlos , Navarro Martín Estrella , Qmega Qmega Amir , Díaz-Iglesias José Miguel 
Published: November 2022

Aim
The aim of this study is to determine the levels of spike protein IgG and total antibodies in subjects vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (both infected and non-infected) and the titer evolution over time. In addition, we also addressed the performance of each of the included platforms in the study, as they are intended to measure antibody levels in naturally infected patients.

Materials and methods
An observational study including 288 volunteer healthcare professionals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (Comirnaty™) at the Andújar Alto Guadalquivir Hospital. Serum samples were obtained in September 2020 and 14 and 90 days after administration of the second dose. The following in vitro methods were used: Elecsys Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 N and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche, Germany) and EliA SARS-CoV-2-Sp1 IgG (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany).

Results
For the Elecsys S method at 1/10 dilution and for the EliA Sp1 IgG method at 1/5 dilution, 54% and 19% of samples were out of range, respectively. The vaccine activated a high humoral response– 0 to 3000 BAU/mL being the “normal titer range” in all volunteers. Patients vaccinated after COVID-19 exhibited higher total S antibody load values than non-vaccinated volunteers while showing the same response for S IgG isotype. Titers decreased up to 86% in the case of S IgG neutralizing antibodies.

Conclusions
The characterization of human response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is still far from being completely elucidated. It is important to increase the methods dynamic range to study humoral response evolution in depth and decide whether booster doses or seasonal vaccination plans will be necessary to definitively control the pandemic.
Prevalence and clinical associations of myositis antibodies in a large cohort of interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Moll Sofia A. , Platenburg Mark G. J. P. , Platteel Anouk C. M. , Vorselaars Adriane D. M. , Janssen Bonàs Montse , Kraaijvanger Raisa , Roodenburg-Benschop Claudia , Meek Bob , van Moorsel Coline H. M. , Grutters Jan C. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSerologic testing for autoantibodies is recommended in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), as connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are an important secondary cause. Myositis antibodies are associated with CTD-ILD, but clinical associations with other ILDs are unclear. In this study, associations of myositis antibodies in various ILDs were evaluated.Methods1463 ILD patients and 116 healthy subjects were screened for myositis antibodies with a line-blot assay on serum available at time of diagnosis. Additionally, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) was analysed.ResultsA total of 394 patients demonstrated reactivity to at least one antibody, including anti-Ro52 (36.0%), anti-Mi-2β (17.3%) and anti-Jo-1 (10.9%). Anti-Jo-1 (OR 6.4; p<0.100) and anti-Ro52 (OR 6.0; p<0.001) were associated with CTD-ILD. Interestingly, anti-Mi-2β was associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; OR 5.3; p = 0.001) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; OR 5.9; p<0.001). Furthermore, anti-Mi-2β was strongly associated with a histological usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern (OR 6.5; p < 0.001). Moreover, anti-Mi-2β reactivity was identified in BALf and correlated with serum anti-Mi-2β (r = 0.64; p = 0.002). No differences were found in survival rates between ILD patients with and without serum Mi-2β reactivity (hazard ratio 0.835; 95% CI 0.442–1.575; p = 0.577).ConclusionIn conclusion, novel associations of antibody Mi-2β with fibrotic ILD were found. Furthermore, serum anti-Mi-2β was associated with a histological UIP pattern and presence of anti-Mi-2β in BALf. Possibly, anti-Mi-2β could be implemented as a future diagnostic biomarker for fibrotic ILD.
Unexplained mechanism of subdural hematoma with convulsion suggests nonaccidental head trauma: A multicenter, retrospective study by the Japanese Head injury of Infants and Toddlers study (J-HITs) group
Authors: Narisawa Ayumi , Nonaka Masahiro , Akutsu Nobuyuki , Kato Mihoko , Harada Atsuko , Park Young-Soo 
Published: November 2022

Objective
The medical history of injury given by parents of infants and toddlers with head trauma may not be accurate or completely true. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between subdural hematoma (SDH) due to nonaccidental injury and mechanisms of injury provided by caregivers.

Methods
Our multicenter study group retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of children younger than 4 years with head trauma who have been diagnosed with any finding on head computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 84 cases of subdural hematomas with retinal findings, including cases reported to the child guidance center and traffic and birth injuries, were included in the study. They were classified by the mechanism of injury provided by the caregivers. Clinical findings were reviewed and classified into nonaccidental and accidental groups. The mechanisms of the injuries were examined by multivariable analysis to identify which ones were statistically associated with nonaccidental injuries.

Results
Of the 84 patients with SDHs, 51 were classified into the nonaccidental group, and 33 children were classified into the accidental group. In 19 patients with a chief complaint of convulsion who had SDH but no episode of trauma, 18 were classified into the nonaccidental group. On multivariable analysis, unexplained convulsions (odds ratio: 12.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.44–100.49) were significantly associated with increased odds of nonaccidental injury.

Conclusions
In the present study, there was a relationship between nonaccidental injury and unexplained SDH with a chief complaint of convulsion.
AERIAL PART FERULA TENUISECTA ALTERNATIVE INDUSTRIAL RAW MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TEFESTROL SUBSTANCE
Authors: Mamatkhanov Akhmatkhon Umarkhanovich , Khalilov Ravshanjon Muratjanovich 
Published: November 2022

The main losses of tefestrol have been identified and the advantages and disadvantages of the existing technology in the production of the substance from the aerial parts of Ferula tenuisecta have been established. It was found that the final product obtained by the existing technology has a green color that does not meet the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia article. The stage proposed of extraction of the sum of esters of sesquiterpene alcohols from the aerial part of Ferula tenuisecta and purification of the obtained extract, allowing to subsequent obtain the substance of tefestrol without green color. It has been shown that the use of activated carbon makes it possible to remove the green color of the extract. To purify tefestrol from other esters of sesquiterpene alcohols and accompanying substances, a chromatographic separation on silica gel is proposed under the following conditions: the ratio of the amount introduced into the column and the sorbent is 1 : 20; the ratio of the height of the sorption layer to the column diameter is 4 : 1; elution rate 35 l/h.m2. To obtain the pharmacopoeial substance of tefestrol is proposed, crystallization of a technical product from a mixture of ethyl acetate with hexane in a volume ratio of 1 : 3. Based on the results obtained, technology has been developed for obtaining the tefestrol substance from the aerial part of Ferula tenuisecta. Using this technology 70.96% of the substance of tefestrol is obtained from the content in the raw material, according to the existing technology 33.9%.
IDENTIFICATION OF VITAMIN C IN FLOWERS AND LEAVES MALUS SPP.
Authors: Goncharovska Inna V. , Levon Vladimir F. , Kuznetsov Vladimyr V. , Antonyuk Galina O. 
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ascorbic acid content in vegetative and generative organs of crabapple from the collection of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Considering the abundant flowering, higher fruiting in comparison with Malus domestica Borkh., increased content of nutrients and biologically active substances in flowers and leaves of crabapple, they deserve wide use in production. The genotypes were planted to a permanent place of growth in 2014. Total ascorbic acid content in flowers ranged from 116 (Holliana) to 188 (Era) mg / 100 g, in leaves from 112 (Van Ezeltin) to 183 (Royalty) mg / 100 g.
The objects of the study are valuable for use as raw materials of biologically active additives. Using the flowers and leaves of Malus spp., As raw materials for the production of dry powder, will meet the needs of consumers for affordable and nutritious ingredients rich in vitamin C.
Longitudinal Associations of Risk Factors and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cured Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Kramer Jennifer R. , Cao Yumei , Li Liang , Smith Donna , Chhatwal Jagpreet , El-Serag Hashem B. , Kanwal Fasiha 
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION:
There are limited data on the effect and evolution of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with virologically cured hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with HCV who achieved sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals from 130 Veterans Administration hospitals during 2014–2018, followed through 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed at 3 landmark times (baseline and 12 and 24 months after sustained virological response) to examine associations between demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors and HCC risk, stratified by cirrhosis status.

RESULTS:
Among 92,567 patients (32% cirrhosis), 3,247 cases of HCC were diagnosed during a mean follow-up of 2.5 years. In patients with cirrhosis, male sex (hazard ratios [HR]: 1.89, 1.93, and 1.99), cirrhosis duration ≥5 years (HR: 1.71, 1.79, and 1.34), varices (HR: 1.73, 1.60, and 1.56), baseline albumin (HR: 0.48, 0.47, and 0.49), and change in albumin (HR: 0.82 and 0.90) predicted HCC risk at each landmark time. HCV genotype 3, previous treatment, bilirubin, smoking, and race influenced HCC risk at baseline, but their effects attenuated over time. In patients without cirrhosis, diabetes (HR: 1.54, 1.42, and 1.47) and hypertension (HR: 1.59, 1.65, and 1.74) were associated with HCC risk at all landmark times. Changes in fibrosis-4 scores over time were associated with HCC risk both in patients with and without cirrhosis.

DISCUSSION:
Risk factors for HCC were different in patients with and without cirrhosis and some also evolved during follow-up. These factors can help with risk stratification and HCC surveillance decisions in patients with cured HCV.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Is Not a Great Screening Criterion: Time to Move on to Other Strategies for Controlling the Burden of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rubenstein Joel H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is key in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Endoscopic screening of select individuals with GERD symptoms for Barrett's esophagus and EAC has been recommended, but the great majority of patients with EAC had never undergone prior screening, despite over a million esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) performed annually in the United States among individuals with GERD symptoms. This is likely due to a conflation among providers regarding diagnostic EGD in those with refractory symptoms and screening EGD. An alternative approach is needed that de-emphasizes GERD to avoid confusion and increase uptake of appropriate screening.
Berberine Ursodeoxycholate for the Treatment of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: The Search for the Elusive Pharmacologic Holy Grail Will Need to Continue
Authors: Yoshida Eric M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Effective pharmacologic treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) remains elusive. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is known to improve liver biochemistry, specifically serum alkaline phosphatase, in patients with PSC but has not been shown to favourably alter the natural history. Similarly, many immunomodulatory medications have been studied for the treatment of PSC, but none has been demonstrated to be of unequivocal benefit. In this issue of the Journal, a pilot study of a ursodeoxycholate berberine salt vs placebo is reported. Although improvement in serum alkaline phosphatase is reported, without a control arm with UDCA monotherapy, it is not possible to determine whether this study drug is beneficial over UDCA by itself. More study in the PSC therapeutic arena is needed.
A percepção de professores sobre as consequências da pandemia da COVID 19 na Educação Básica
Authors: Cardoso Fernanda Serpa , Soares Guilherme Marques , Gonçalves Bianca da Cruz Lima 
Published: November 2022

Nos últimos séculos, o uso da tecnologia digital avançou, impactando as relações pessoais. Os dispositivos eletrônicos permitiram que, durante a pandemia causada pelo Sars-Cov-2, houvesse busca pela continuidade no ensino, trazendo novos desafios aos alunos e professores. O artigo relata os impactos do ensino remoto durante a pandemia na concepção de 45 professores da Educação Básica. Para isso, foi aplicado um questionário semi-estruturado, visando explorar as maneiras encontradas por eles para se adequarem à modalidade, como foram redimensionadas as práticas pedagógicas e investigar a relação professor-aluno. Os resultados apontaram que, de modo geral, houve maior demanda de tempo para a preparação das aulas e menor interação entre os professores e seus alunos. Além disso, foi observada diferença no que tange ao ensino das escolas públicas e privadas. Conclui-se que foram muitos os impactos causados pelo ensino remoto durante a pandemia da COVID 19, necessitando repensar a educação para os próximos anos.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF WOMEN'S POLITICAL RIGHTS
Authors: Lailam Tanto , Andrianti Nita 
Published: November 2022

The research focuses on the gender equality and justice interpretation of women's political rights in the Constitutional Court decisions. The problem is how does the interpretation of the constitution protect and fulfill women's political rights?. The research method is legal doctrinal, focusing on constitutional interpretation with several approaches, including the statutory, analytical, and case approaches. The result of the research shows that the function of the Court as a protector of women's political rights is a consequence of the existence of human rights in the 1945 Constitution. Its guarantees the constitutional review authority to protect human rights. Based on several decisions of the Court: affirmative action case, leadership positions in the house of representatives case, the women position of governor and vice governor's appointment in a Special Region of Yogyakarta. These decisions, which are above cases, are a form of protection and fulfillment of women's political rights in realizing gender equality and justice. Of course, it is motivated by the fact that women's representation must be present in every political decision-making in the national and local governance.