bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual Forecasting Analysis of International Trade Aspects Based on Globalization Impact Issues
Authors: Kontsas Stamatis , Kalogiannidis Stavros 
Published: January 2022

Global GDP is really important for trade, since the larger the global economy, the more goods and services available for trade. Global GDP grew by around two-thirds in real terms between 2000 and 2020 – or 2.6% per year on average.2020 saw some of the largest trade reductions and output volumes for both industrial production and goods trade since WWII. The year 2020 was marked by some of the largest reductions in trade and output volumes since WWII. The declines in both world industrial production and goods trade in the first half of 2020 were of similar depth to those at the trough of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). In addition, trade and production impacts across specific goods, services and trade partners were highly varied.
Initial pandemic-era expectations for a double-digit decline in world merchandise trade in 2020 did not materialise. Global trade turned out to recover from the shock at an extraordinarily fast pace from around mid-2020.
La vinculación social universitaria: un camino hacia la pertinencia social
Authors: Seañez Martínez Zaide Patricia , Guadarrama Atrizco Víctor Hugo 
Published: January 2022

Históricamente las universidades han sido elemento clave del desarrollo socioeconómico, político y tecnológico de las naciones. Para ello requieren establecer una clara y efectiva relación con la sociedad, a lo que comúnmente se le ha llamado vinculación. Dada la importancia de este vínculo, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar la evolución del término que permita conocer en qué se ha centrado el análisis, y a través de ello identificar el grado de importancia de la dimensión social en esta relación. Para lograr este cometido se hace una revisión histórico-teórica sobre la concepción de la vinculación universitaria con su entorno. La revisión arroja que hay poco consenso en la forma de llamarla y definirla, pues se corre el riesgo de caer en generalizaciones o en reduccionismos. Se ha privilegiado el estudio de la vinculación universidad – empresa, por lo que este trabajo propone el concepto de vinculación social universitaria a manera de enfoque para examinar cómo las universidades interactúan con otros actores sociales y hacia todos los ámbitos de la realidad. Es relevante destacar que la vinculación es una estrategia para la pertinencia social, pero no se profundiza en esta última, sino que se esboza como una futura línea de investigación.
Palabras clave: universidad, vinculación y pertinencia social
Interacción de las Instituciones de Educación Superior con el entorno: orientaciones, finalidades y estrategias. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura 2017-2021
Authors: Jiménez Jovanny , Maiztegui-Oñate Concepción , Da Silva Pinto José Luis 
Published: January 2022

La incidencia social de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) asume los planteamientos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) de promover el bien común en la sociedad. Esto ha generado algunos debates y artículos científicos con diversas interpretaciones: Responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU), Compromiso universidad-comunidad (CUC) y Compromiso cívico (CC). Por tal razón, es relevante analizar los procesos desarrollados por las IES desde dichos planteamientos. Por ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática donde se revisaron 53 artículos publicados entre el 2017 y el 2021 provenientes de cinco bases de datos, para contrastar las orientaciones, finalidades y estrategias implementadas por las IES en diferentes contextos geográficos y culturales. Los resultados muestran que las IES comparten finalidades como: la promoción de comportamientos éticos y socialmente responsables, la promoción de valores democráticos, la promoción del desarrollo sostenible, el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y la promoción de habilidades para mejorar la empleabilidad. Asimismo, se concluye que la RSU, es la orientación cada vez más elegida por las IES para relacionarse con el entorno, por integrar los procesos de gestión, participación con las funciones sustantivas de la educación superior, interdependencia que busca crear impactos positivos a nivel personal y colectivo, en el horizonte del bien común expresados en comportamientos ciudadanos con criterios éticos y responsables.
Palabras clave: Instituciones de educación superior, Bien común, Responsabilidad social universitaria, Compromiso universidad-comunidad, Compromiso cívico
Damage to the Cardiovascular System in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infection. Part 1: Predictors of the Development of an Unfavorable Prognosis
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Tarzimanova A. I. , Bragina A. E. , Shvedov I. I. , Bykova E. E. , Ivannikov A. A. , Vasilyeva L. V. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To evaluate the effect of sinus tachycardia and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on the prognosis of patients with a verified diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2.Material and methods. The study included 1,637 patients with a verified diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. The average age of the patients was 58.8±16.1 years. More than half of the patients admitted to the hospital had a history of cardiovascular diseases: hypertension was diagnosed in 915 (56%) patients, coronary artery disease – in 563 (34%), chronic heart failure – in 410 (25%). 294 (17.9%) patients suffered from diabetes mellitus. The unfavorable course of new coronavirus infection was assessed by the fact of being in the intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation and death.Results. An unfavorable course of coronavirus infection was observed in 160 (9.8%) patients. Statistical analysis revealed that 341 (20.8%) patients with COVID-19 were diagnosed with sinus tachycardia, which required the appointment of pulse-reducing therapy. The occurrence of sinus tachycardia in patients with COVID-19 significantly increased the risk of death (odds ratio [OR] 1.248, confidence interval [CI] 1.038-1.499, p=0.018), increased the likelihood of mechanical ventilation use (OR 1.451, CI 1.168-1.803, p<0.001) and stay in the ICU (OR 1.440, CI 1.166-1.778, p<0.001).In 97 (5.9%) patients during hospital stay during echocardiography, a decrease in LVEF of less than 50% was diagnosed. A decrease in myocardial contractile function in patients with COVID-19 with high reliability increased the risk of death (OR 1.744, CI 1.348-2.256, p<0.001), increased the likelihood of using the mechanical ventilation (OR 1.372, CI 1.047-1.797, p=0.022) and stay in the ICU (OR 1.360, CI 1.077-1.716, p=0.010).Conclusion. The appearance of sinus tachycardia and reduced LVEF are in dependent predictors of the unfavorable course of COVID-19 in relation to factors such as death, the use of mechanical ventilation and the stay of patients in the ICU. Early pharmacological correction of cardiovascular lesions should be one of the goals of the management theese patients.
PCSK9 Inhibitors in Clinical Practice: Experience of a Specialized Lipid Center
Authors: Blokhina A. V. , Ershova A. I. , Limonova A. S. , Kopylova O. V. , Meshkov A. N. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To characterize patients receiving PCSK9 inhibitors, and assess the efficiency of their treatment in a specialized lipid center.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who visited the Lipid clinic of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine (Moscow, Russia), receiving PCSK9 inhibitor and having lipid profile in dynamics, was carried out (n=77). Cardiovascular risk (CVR) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target levels were evaluated in accordance with the Russian guidelines for the diagnostics and correction of dyslipidemias 2020.Results. Of 77 patients taking PCSK9 inhibitors (44.2% males, the median of age 56 [47; 66] years), the majority (64.0%) had a probable or definite familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The proportion of other lipid metabolism disorders, pure hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia was 21% and 15%. More than half of the patients (68.8%) had a very high CVR, mainly due to the presence of coronary heart disease (84.9%). The proportion of patients receiving PCSK9 inhibitors as monotherapy was 7.8%, in combination with high-intensity statin therapy – 33.8%, as part of triple lipid-lowering therapy (high-intensity statin, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors) – 50.6%. Addition of PCSK9 inhibitors to combined lipid-lowering therapy enabled to reduce the LDL-C level to 1.02 [0.62; 1.39] mmol/l with its total decrease from the baseline by 87.3%. While taking PCSK9 inhibitors, LDL-C <1.8 mmol/l and <1.4 mmol/l achieved at 78.3% and 57.7% FH patients with high and very high CVR, respectively. Among patients with other hyperlipidemias, 74.1% of patients with very high CVR was achieved the target LDL-C level <1.4 mmol/l.Conclusion: In a specialized lipid center, PCSK9 inhibitors are prescribed to patients with high or very high CVR, most of whom are FH patients. The effectiveness of the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in real-world practice is comparable to the results of clinical trials.
Anticoagulants after Discharge in Patients with COVID-19: What we Know at the End of 2021
Authors: Yavelov I. S. 
Published: January 2022

This review discusses reasons for prolonged use of anticoagulants after discharge of patients with COVID-19 without additional indication for anticoagulation. Data regarding rate of thrombotic and thromboembolic complications in patients with COVID-19 after discharge from the hospital are presented. Large randomized controlled trials EXCLAIM, ADOPT, MAGELLAN, APEX and MARINER with prolonged use of anticoagulants in patients hospitalized with acute nonsurgical diseases before pandemia of COVID-19 are discussed. The first prospective randomized controlled trial MICHELLE with direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban in a dose 10 mg once daily after discharge of patients with COVID-19 with high risk at least venous thromboembolism are analyzed. It seems that the most relevant approach for the determination of indications for prolonged use of anticoagulants in doses dedicated for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism after discharge of patients with COVID-19 without apparent indication for anticoagulation is a modified IMPROVE VTE risk score with the addition of elevated in-hospital D-dimer level. And the most well-studied approach for anticoagulation in these patients is a direct peroral anticoagulant rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily for 35 (and possibly up to 45) days after discharge.
The Scale of Quantitative Assessment Adherence to Treatment «QAA-25»: Updating of Formulations, Constructive and Factor Validity and a Measure of Consent
Authors: Nikolaev N. A. , Skirdenko Yu. P. , Balabanova A. A. , Gorbenko A. V. , Andreev K. A. , Fedorin M. M. , Livzan M. A. , Chebanenko E. V. , Usov G. M. 
Published: January 2022

Aim: To update the definitions of selected questions of the "QAA-25" (quantitative adherence assessment) scale and evaluate it according to the criteria of validity and measure of agreement.Materials and Methods. In a descriptive cross-sectional study including 200 patients with coronary heart disease, adherence was determined using traditional and alternative versions of selected questions of the QAA-25 scale, followed by assessment of construct validity, factor validity, and measure of agreement.Results. Alternative question versions did not significantly affect test results, with 81% of respondents in the outpatient sample and 69% in the inpatient sample rating them as "more acceptable." The QAA-25 scale has good construct and internal validity (α – 0.818, αst – 0.832), with moderate agreement (κ – 0.562) and demonstrates high reliability of internal validity – when scale items are consistently excluded, α values remain in the 0.801-0.839 range.Conclusion. The QAA-25 scale with modified question definitions should be used instead of the previous version of the scale. Good construct validity and factor validity, sufficient measure of agreement and specificity, high sensitivity and reliability of the QAA-25 scale allow to recommend it as a tool for assessing adherence to drug therapy, medical support, lifestyle modification and integral adherence to treatment in scientific and clinical practice.
Prehospital Period in Patients with COVID-19: Cardiovascular Comorbidity and Pharmacotherapy During the First Epidemic Wave (Hospital Registry Data)
Authors: Martsevich S. Yu. , Lukyanov M. M. , Pulin M. M. , Kutishenko N. P. , Andreenko E. Yu. , Voronina V. P. , Dindikova V. A. , Dmitrieva N. A. , Zagrebelnyy A. V. , Lerman O. V. , Makoveeva A. N. , Okshina E. Yu. , Smirnov A. A. , Kudryashov E. V. , Budaeva I. V. , Nikoshnova E. S. , Karpov O. E. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. Based on the data from the register of patients with COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), analyze the duration of the prehospital period, cardiovascular comorbidity and the quality of prehospital pharmacotherapy of concomitant cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Material and methods. Patients were included to the study which admitted to the FSBI "NMHC named after N.I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or CAP. The data for prehospital therapy, information from medical histories and a patients’survey in the hospital or by telephone contact 1-2 weeks after discharge were study. The duration of the prehospital stage was determined from the date of the appearance of clinical symptoms of coronavirus infection to the date of hospitalization.Results. The average age of the patients (n=1130; 579 [51.2%] men and 551 [48.8%] women) was 57.5±12.8 years. The prehospital stage was 7 (5,0; 10,0) days and did not differ significantly in patients with the presence and absence of CVD, but was significantly less in the deceased than in the surviving patients, as well as in those who required artificial lung ventilation (ALV). 583 (51.6%) patients had at least one CVD. Cardiovascular comorbidity was registered in 222 (42.7%) patients with hypertension, 210 (95.5%) patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), 104 (91.2%) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The inclusion of non-cardiac chronic diseases in the analysis led to an increase in the total proportion of patients with concomitant diseases to 65.8%. Approximately a quarter of hypertensive patients did not receive antihypertensive therapy, a low proportion of patients receiving antiplatelet agents and statins for CHD was revealed – 53% and 31.8%, respectively, anticoagulants for AF – 50.9%.Conclusion. The period from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization was significantly shorter in the deceased than in the surviving patients, as well as in those who required ALV. The proportion of people with a history of at least one CVD was about half of the entire cohort of patients. In patients with CVD before COVID-19 disease, a low frequencies of prescribing antihypertensive drugs, statins, antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants (in patients with AF) were recorded at the prehospital stage.
Cardiovascular Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Relationship and Pathogenetic Aspects of Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Nelidova A. V. , Livzan M. A. , Nikolaev N. A. , Krolevets T. S. 
Published: January 2022

The association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular risk is currently one of the actively studied areas. The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease continues to grow worldwide. In the structure of mortality rate of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the first place is occupied by cardiovascular events: stroke and myocardial infarction. Studies have shown that the presence of severe liver fibrosis (F3-4) in NAFLD not only increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but also increases the risk of overall mortality by 69% due to mortality from cardiovascular causes. The degree of increased risk is associated with the degree of activity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Despite the large number of works on this topic, we do not have a clear opinion on the impact on cardiovascular risk, interaction and the contribution of various factors, as well as algorithms for managing patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This article describes the pathogenetic factors of formation of cardiovascular risks in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, proposed the idea of stratification of cardiovascular risks in these patients, taking into account changes in the structure of the liver (fibrosis) and function (clinical and biochemical activity) and also it describes the main directions of drug therapy, taking into account the common pathogenetic mechanisms for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. The role of obesity, local fat depots, adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction as the leading pathogenetic factors of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD is discussed. Among pathogenetically justified drugs in conditions of poly and comorbidity, hypolipidemic (statins, fibrates), angiotensin II receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, etc. can be considered. According to numerous studies, it becomes obvious that the assessment of cardiovascular risks in patients with NAFLD will probably allow prescribing cardiological drugs, selecting individualized therapy regimens, taking into account the form of NAFLD, and on the other hand, building curation taking into account the identified cardiovascular risks.
Heterogeneity of abdominal obesity in patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Miklishanskaya S. V. , Solomasova L. V. , Orlovsky A. A. , Nasonova S. N. , Mazur N. A. 
Published: January 2022

Aim: To assess the content of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in patients with abdominal obesity and its relationship with metabolic disorders.Material and methods. Patients with abdominal obesity (n=107) were included in the study. All participants had an assessment of anthropometric parameters (height, weight), calculation of body mass index (BMI), proportion of total adipose tissue and VAT (bioimpedance analyzer), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, epicardial thickness adipose tissue (two-dimensional echocardiography).Results. The median share of VAT (bioimpedance method) was 13%. Patients with abdominal obesity are divided by VAT into 2 groups: ≥14% or ≤13%. Patients with VAT≥14% had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (1.76 [1.27; 2.38] mmol / L) and glucose (6.33 [5.78; 7.87] mmol / L), and below HDL-c levels (0.95 [0.85; 1.21] mmol / L) compared with patients with VAT≤13% (1.32 [1.02; 1.50], 5.59 [5, 11; 6.16] and 1.31 [1.07; 1.58] mmol / L, respectively; p<0.001 for all three comparisons). A significant correlation was found between VAT and triglyceride, glucose and HDL-c levels (r=0.40; r=0.40; r=-0.31, respectively; p<0.001).Conclusion. Persons with abdominal obesity are heterogeneous in the proportion of VAT. The proportion of VAT above the median is associated with metabolic disorders that are significant for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. An increase in BMI in obese individuals is not associated with an increase in VAT and an increase in the severity of metabolic disorders.
IDENTIFYING ANKLE INJURY PATTERNS OF NETBALL PLAYERS FOR MAINTAIN THEIR HEALTH AND WELLBEING
Authors: Bandara D.M.D.N , Chandana A.W Suraj 
Published: January 2022

Netball is a ball game played by two groups of seven players. Its improvement, got from early forms of ball, started in England during the 1890s. By 1960, universal playing guidelines had been institutionalized for the game. The ankle joint is a pivot joint framed between the tibia and fibula and the bone and enables the foot to twist upwards and downwards. The joint likewise permits a modest quantity of pivot. The joint's dependability originates from the basic course of action of the bones and the encompassing tendons. Ankle injuries can transpire at any age. This article surveys epidemiological investigations on ankle injuries in netball, and what are the sorts of ankle injuries, how it's happen and also survey how counteractive action from ankle injuries and aversion strategies. Furthermore, talk about around a few activities that can use for prevent from ankle injuries in netball. The purpose of the study was to investigate the several Ankle injuries of netball players in different countries. The methodology used for this review was based on previously published guidelines. It included research articles, journals, research publications, reviews and books. Collect all the findings and add the references. Of 47 articles are found and 18 are included in this review essay. Results demonstrate that the ankle injury was the most widely recognized harmed body site in netball and an Ankle sprain was the real lower leg damage happen in Netball. Ankle sprains represent an enormous level of wounds supported in netball. This efficient survey gives a synopsis of the study of disease transmission of ankle damage in Netball.