bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hesitant fuzzy partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean aggregation operators in multi-criteria decision-making
Authors: Ali Jawad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A hesitant fuzzy set, enabling the membership of an element to be a set of various possible values, is highly helpful in describing people’s uncertainty in everyday life. Hesitant fuzzy aggregation operators are the standard mathematical tools for combining many inputs according to predefined criteria into a single result. The classic hesitant fuzzy aggregation operator-based approaches have been criticized because of the ignorance of criteria classification. In this work, we develop the conception of the hesitant fuzzy partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean and hesitant fuzzy weighted partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean operators spurred by the partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean. Afterward, we analyze several features and peculiar instances of the formulated operators. A novel multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique is propounded on the documented hesitant fuzzy weighted partitioned Maclaurin symmetric mean operator; the MCDM method chooses the optimal alternative from several alternatives. A case study of the best location selection for hospital construction is addressed to showcase the practicability of the presented technique. Eventually, we illustrate the devised approach is more widespread and efficacious than prevailing approaches via comparative and sensitive analyses.
Hybrid structures of rogue waves and breathers for the coupled Hirota system with negative coherent coupling
Authors: Du Zhong , Guo Chuan-Mei , Guo Qian , Yuan Yu-Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hybrid waves play the significant parts in the nonlinear physical systems. In this work, we study the hybrid waves for the coupled Hirota system with negative coherent coupling. Firstly, based on the generalized Darboux transformation method, we derive the Nth-order hybrid wave solutions with two spectral parameters, which can describe the mth-order rogue waves and (N−M)th-order breathers. According to such solutions, we graphically illustrate the properties of the second-, third- and fourth-order hybrid waves. Moreover, we exhibit five kinds of hybrid structures consisting of the rogue waves and breathers: (i) consisting of the first-order rogue waves and first-order breathers; (ii) consisting of the second-order degenerate breathers; (iii) consisting of the first-order rogue waves and second-order degenerate breathers; (iv) consisting of the second-order rogue waves and first-order breathers; (v) consisting of the second-order rogue waves and second-order degenerate breathers. In addition, we show that the angle between the two-hump bright breathers and the negative direction of the

x

-axis increases with the value of the real parameter in the coupled Hirota system with negative coherent coupling.
Real-time methods of hydrogen sulfide detection
Authors: Kireev S V , Kondrashov A A , Rybakov M A , Shnyrev S L , Sultangulova A I 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A comparative analytical review of existing methods and means of measuring hydrogen sulfide content in gasses was performed. The method of infrared laser absorption spectroscopy, which uses semiconductor diode lasers tunable in the mid-infrared range as emission sources, is proving to be one of the most promising methods for solving these problems.
Exploring fermionic multiplet dark matter through precision measurements at the CEPC *
Authors: Gao Lin-Qing , Bi Xiao-Jun , Wang Jin-Wei , Xiang Qian-Fei , Yin Peng-Fei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
New physics could be explored through loop effects using the precision measurements at the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) owing to its clean collision environment and high luminosity. In this paper, we focus on two dark matter models that involve additional electroweak fermionic multiplets. We calculate their one-loop corrections in five processes, i.e.,

, and

, and investigate the corresponding signatures at the CEPC with the projected sensitivity. We observe that the detectable parameter regions of these processes are complementary. The combined analysis shows that the mass of dark matter

in these two models can be probed up to

and

GeV, respectively, at a 95% confidence level.
The Science of Making Torque from Wind 2022 (TORQUE 2022)
Authors: Watson Simon J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wind energy continues to make great strides in its contribution to the net CO2-zero targets of countries around the world. Both wind farms onshore and offshore are being built, but scientific challenges lie ahead if their generation is to be both reliable and economic. These challenges relate to better understanding the characteristics of the wind, how the wind inflow translates to loads and performance, and how best to build and operate the wind farms of the future so that their output can best be integrated into a 21st century energy system. Europe continues to be a hub for scientific research in wind energy and the European Academy of Wind Energy (EAWE) was created to bring together the top research institutes active in wind energy to cooperate, share knowledge and promote scientific excellence. As part of this remit, the conference, The Science of Making Torque from Wind (or TORQUE, for short) was inaugurated in 2004 in the beautiful city of Delft. The conference has gone from strength to strength and is probably the largest scientific conference devoted to wind energy in the world. History came full circle and the eighth edition, TORQUE 2020 was due to be held in Delft. Unfortunately, the global pandemic meant that this conference had to be held online, but the TU Delft Wind Energy Institute was given a further opportunity to host the ninth edition, TORQUE 2022, in person.
Following the call for three-page abstracts, 435 submissions were made and, after a two-stage peer review process by over 100 reviewers, 300 full papers were accepted for publication in the proceedings. The conference consisted of three plenary sessions, 28 parallel oral sessions and two poster sessions. Oral presenters had 15 minutes to present their work followed by 5 minutes of questions. All poster presenters were allowed a recorded one-minute pitch which could be accessed in advance of the live 90-minute poster sessions.
A new wake detection methodology to capture wind turbine wakes using adaptive mesh refinement and Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Vigny U. , Benard P. , Tene Hedje P. , Houtin-Mongrolle F. , Bricteux L. , Zeoli S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The development of turbulent vortical wakes released downstream of wind turbines is crucial as it presents many technological implications for wind farm design and exploitation. The numerical prediction of these wakes constitutes a challenging problem as they involve the shedding of fine vortical structures, their instabilities, and interactions with a turbulent ambient flow. A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach allows capturing such flow phenomena, which implies a suitable mesh. Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is used to refine the mesh in the wind turbine wake to limit the computational cost. A methodology is developed to define and capture the wake envelope adequately. Three main parts of this methodology can be identified: The wind turbine wake detection, the target cell size required and adaptation frequency. The target cell size needed to properly capture the wind turbine wake is investigated in previous work [1], while this paper focuses on wind turbine wake detection. A strategy based on a progress variable with a source term in the rotor region is used to capture the wake. This variable is transported by the flow and thus defines the wake envelope. AMR is used to refine the mesh within this region. To validate the method, a comparison between an adaptive mesh case and a reference mesh case has been performed on a single rotor and a two aligned rotor configuration. For both, the wind turbine wake tracking method is effective. The progress variable is transported correctly and leads to a well-defined wake area. The mesh is refined adequately within it. The physical comparison between cases showed similar results, while the performance comparison showed a computational cost reduction of 30% in the single turbine configuration and 50% in the two turbines configuration. Therefore, our methodology coupled with adaptive mesh refinement can adequately capture wind turbine wake, define an accurate wake envelope and decrease the computational cost for the same physical precision.
Large-scale benchmarking of wake models for offshore wind farms
Authors: Nygaard N G , Poulsen L , Svensson E , Pedersen J G 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a systematic framework for the validation and uncertainty quantification of wind farm wake models. The methodology is based on a new definition of the freestream wind speed. We apply the framework on data from 19 offshore wind farms. Our results show that the new wake model TurbOPark is overall unbiased and that the wake model error at each specific site does not depend on the mean turbine spacing. The Park model underestimates the wake loss unless a slower wake expansion than typically used is assumed. In either case, the Park model tends to underestimate the wake loss more for increasing distances between the turbines. We estimate the wake model uncertainty as less than 10% of the wake loss for the considered models.
A one-year long turbulence simulation using a WRF-LES based modeling system at Østerild
Authors: Peña Alfredo , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Hahmann Andrea N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Here we show an intercomparison between turbulence simulations and measurements performed at a 250-m tall meteorological mast located at the wind turbine test center of Østerild in northern Denmark. The Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to perform the simulations. We use the model’s nesting capability to downscale the forcing reanalysis down to sub-kilometer domains, which are run in a large-eddy simulation fashion, thus being able to partly resolve turbulence. We find that the simulations are able to reproduce accurately the wind climatology of the site when compared to the observations at the mast. The wind power densities derived from the time series of 10-min mean wind speeds from simulations and observations differ by less than 2%. The observed turbulence conditions, in the form of histograms of the wind speed standard deviation, seem fairly well reproduced by the simulations, although there seems to be a tendency of lower simulated turbulence levels. This is also partly reflected when studying the behavior of the turbulence intensity with increasing mean wind speeds. Spectral analysis on the mean wind speed time series reveals that the simulations are able to reproduce the energy content of the observations rather well, but we find a slight larger variability of simulated winds at frequencies larger than 1 h.
A wall-modeled approach accounting for wave stress in Large Eddy Simulations of offshore wind farms
Authors: Aiyer A K , Deike L , Mueller M E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the context of offshore wind farms, accurate predictions of surface fluxes in the marine atmospheric boundary layer are critical for Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of airflow over waves. The effect of the waves on the airflow is often modeled by prescribing the roughness length in the framework of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. However, such approaches lack generalizability over different wave conditions due to reliance on model coefficients tuned to specific datasets. Wave phase-resolving simulations on the other hand have higher accuracy but also a higher computational cost. In this work, a sea surface-based hydrodynamic drag model is applied to model the pressure-based surface drag felt by the wind due to the waves. An offshore wind farm configuration is simulated using a wall-modeled LES, with the effect of the waves represented using the wave-drag model and the wind turbines represented by an actuator disk model. The approach is validated with data from high fidelity wave-resolving Large Eddy Simulations. The effect of the waves and the farm configuration on the mean velocity profiles power production, and kinetic energy budget are quantified.
Rotor-wake interactions in a wind turbine row: a multi-physics investigation with large eddy simulation
Authors: Gremmo Simone , Muller Etienne , Houtin-Mongrolle Félix , Duboc Bastien , Bénard Pierre 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is growing in importance to support the development, validation and tuning of efficient and reliable engineering models. Such models are essential for the wind energy industry to predict the performance of wind turbines, especially when rotor-wake interactions are involved. In this paper, we present high-fidelity numerical results obtained with a new aero-servo-elastic solver relying on LES and the actuator line method. Two sub-configurations of the Westermost Rough wind farm are investigated: an isolated wind turbine and a seven-turbine row. For validation purposes, field data are compared to time-averaged numerical results for the rotation speed, blade pitch angle, output power, and blade loads. A very good agreement between the results and field data is obtained for the isolated turbine. For the seven-turbine row, some discrepancies are observed. Those can primarily be explained by the inherent difficulty of translating both the actual wind conditions and the influence of the neighboring row into boundary conditions.
Microscale simulations of extreme events in complex terrain driven by mesoscalar budget components
Authors: Avila Matias , Lehmkuhl O. , Navarro J. , González-Rouco J.F. , Paredes D. , Diaz-Marta G. , Owen H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, we apply a downscaling strategy to analyze extreme weather events that may impact wind farm operation. The coupling applies mesoscale momentum budget components (tendencies) from the WRF model as forcing terms to the governing microscale equations. Our study focuses on flow over complex terrain during specific days to reproduce extreme weather events that produced wind turbine damage. The interaction of the meso- and micro-scale features are relevant in the simulation of extreme conditions. The simulation results are compared with observations from nacelle anemometers of the wind turbines in two different wind farms by analyzing time series and wind profiles.
The microscale code Alya, developed at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), is closed with URANS and LES closures to solve the momentum and energy equations. Both closures use the same mesoscalar to microscalar coupling methodology and are used in this work to simulate the wind flow. We present the implementation of the mesoscalar coupling to the microscale solver when using URANS and LES closures.
We show that the coupling via tendencies has excellent potential for understanding transient events under extreme weather conditions in very complex terrain. The wind industry can use such simulations to enhance forensic analysis in cases of wind turbine accidents or any other event that may impact turbine operation, such as high turbulence phenomena. We test the ability of the meso- to microscale coupling model to reproduce extreme events with regard to quantities of interest in wind energy.
Simulation results using URANS and LES closures agree reasonably well with observations. In some scenarios, the LES provides results that are closer to measurements. LES models have the advantage of providing wind gusts. We compare the accuracy and performance (CPU-time) of the URANS vs. LES approaches.
Microscale modelling of wind turbines in the New York offshore lease area
Authors: Barthelmie R.J. , Larsen G.C. , Mølgaard Pedersen M. , Pryor S.C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Simulations of the New York offshore wind energy lease area are undertaken within the PyWake program using both NOJ wake parameterization and the Fuga model. Seven different wind farm layouts are simulated to evaluate how the potential annual energy production (AEP) and capacity factor (CF) are impacted by the installed capacity (IC) density and the rotation of the wind turbines compared to the control. The control simulations use the east-west, north-south turbine layout with equidistant spacing of 1.85 km (7.7D) that will be used for the Vineyard Wind offshore wind farm south of Massachusetts. Both CF and AEP have an almost linear relationship with IC for the IC densities of 2.2 to 8.1 MWkm−2. Modelled CF are lower using Fuga (48.9% to 53.9%) than from NOJ (51.5% to 54.4%). The rotated turbine layouts have similar CF to the control because the wind direction distribution is dominated by peaks in both the southwest and northwest directions.
Effects of freestream turbulence on the wake growth rate of a model wind turbine and a porous disc
Authors: Öztürk Buğrahan , Hassanein Abdelrahman , Tuğrul Akpolat M , Abdulrahim Anas , Perçin Mustafa , Uzol Oğuz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study presents the results of an experimental investigation that focuses on quantifying the differences between the spreading rates of a model wind turbine wake and a porous disc wake at different freestream turbulence intensity levels. Two-dimensional two-component particle image velocimetry (2D2C PIV) measurements are performed within the wakes of a model wind turbine and a porous disc (up to 7D downstream) of the same diameter and a matching thrust coefficient. The wind turbine is operated at a Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 2 in order to have matching thrust coefficient conditions for a consistent wake comparison. The results show that the mean wake flow field (both near and far wake) is significantly different for the wind turbine compared to the porous disc even if they are operating at similar, high or low, freestream turbulence levels. The wake of the wind turbine recovers much faster than that of a porous disc with a matching thrust coefficient especially in the far wake region at both low and high freestream turbulence levels. On the other hand, the data shows that the far wake of the turbine operating at low freestream turbulence is very similar to that of the disc operating at high freestream turbulence. This suggests caution and stresses the importance in choosing the freestream turbulence intensity level when using porous discs to represent wind turbines in wind tunnel studies.
How does the rotational direction of an upwind turbine affect its downwind neighbour?
Authors: Englberger Antonia , Wrba Linus , Dörnbrack Andreas , Lundquist Julie K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wind-turbine blades rotate in clockwise direction looking downstream on the rotor. During daytime conditions of the atmospheric boundary layer, the rotational direction has no influence on the turbine wakes. In stably stratified conditions occurring during night, the atmospheric inflow is often characterized by a veering inflow describing a clockwise wind direction change with height in the Northern Hemisphere. A changing wind direction with height interacting with the rotor impacts its wake characteristics (wake elongation, width and deflection). We investigate the impact on the turbine performance (streamwise velocity for power, turbulence kinetic energy for loading) of a downwind turbine considering the four possible combinations of rotational directions of two 5 MW NREL rotors by means of large-eddy simulations. A counterclockwise rotating upwind turbine results in a 4.1% increase of the rotor averaged inflow velocity at the downwind rotor in comparison to a common clockwise rotating upwind turbine rotor. In case of two counterclockwise rotating rotors, the increase is 4.5%. This increase in streamwise velocity is accompanied by a 3.7% increase in rotor averaged turbulence kinetic energy. The performance difference of the downwind rotor (+4.8% increase of cumulative power of both wind turbines, if the upwind rotor rotates counterclockwise) results from the rotational direction dependent amplification or weakening of the spanwise and the vertical wind components, which is the result of the superposition of veering inflow and upwind rotor rotation.
A flexible actuator curve model for aeroelastic simulations of wind turbines in atmospheric boundary layers
Authors: Trigaux François , Chatelain Philippe , Winckelmans Grégoire 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The current trend of wind turbine upscaling has led to the use of long and slender blades prone to large structural deformations. In the present study, the impact of the aeroelastic effects is assessed for the NREL-5MW wind turbine in a turbulent wind. To this end, an actuator curve method coupled to a one-dimensional finite-element structural solver is implemented in a fourth-order finite difference code that can perform large eddy simulation (LES) of realistic winds. The approach is computationally affordable compared to blade-resolved simulations and hence long time series can be computed. This, combined to the ability of the LES to capture the relevant scales of the unsteadiness wind, leads to a better estimation of the fluctuating loads and power of the turbine. The results are here shown for one and two wind turbines operating in a neutrally stable atmospheric boundary layer. It appears that the blade mostly deforms according to its first bending mode. The rotation of the blade in the sheared atmospheric flow is responsible for large amplitude deformations, but the turbulence also plays a role in causing deformations at higher frequencies with a smaller amplitude. The azimuthal distributions of loads and of power are significantly affected when the aeroelasticity is considered.
Recalibration of a wind atlas using local wind measurements
Authors: Duc Thomas , Guilbert Marie , Péréniguez Léo , Prat Gasull Arnau , Buffard Benoit , Dugouchet Nathan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wind atlases are very useful for getting a first insight of the wind resource at a given site before local measurement is available. The more accurate a wind atlas, the lower the uncertainty in the wind resource and the lower the risk of investing into a new wind project. A new method for improving the accuracy of wind atlases is presented in this article. Using kriging, a statistical technique applied to georeferenced data, existing atlases are combined with past wind measurement campaigns in order to reduce the error in wind speed prediction on a given territory. This methodology being only based on existing datasets, it is quite inexpensive compared to the costs required for building a new atlas from scratch. It is validated considering two different wind atlases, the Global Wind Atlas (GWA) and the AROME-based atlas, which are recalibrated thanks to 55 local wind measurement campaigns available in the north-eastern region of France. The results show a reduction in the root-mean-square error (RMSE) in the wind speed prediction for both atlases. This reduction is particularly significant for the GWA whose initial bias is very strong: its RMSE is decreased by 68%. For the AROME-based atlas, the reduction of RMSE is lower (∼ 28%) but still noticeable. Even with a low number of wind measurement campaigns used for the recalibration, there are still benefits to applying the kriging process. For now, this methodology has only been tested and validated in simple terrain on the wind speed variable, and further research would be needed in order to investigate how it could also be extended to complex terrain.