bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer interactions and performance in a high‐skilled labour market*
Authors: Pazzona Matteo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is not clear whether interactions among superstar employees lead to an increase in productivity. Such interactions are relatively rare, and measuring productivity is challenging. In this paper, it is suggested that these difficulties can be overcome by analysing changes in the performance of elite National Basketball Association (NBA) players who participate in the Olympic Games. By using advanced individual performance measures, the study finds that these athletes experience an increase in performance of 7.1 percent in the season after the Games, compared with similar non‐Olympic athletes. The sharp discontinuity in peer quality experienced by the players is the most likely explanation for this increase.
Cemeteries as sources of Aedes aegypti and other mosquito species in southeastern Puerto Rico
Authors: Otero Luisa M. , Medina‐Martinez Gisela , Sepúlveda Manuel , Acevedo Verónica , Toro Mayra , Barrera Roberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the presence and abundance of mosquito species in containers found in different types of cemeteries in Puerto Rico to assess their importance and make control recommendations.MethodsWe conducted surveys of containers with water in 16 cemeteries in southeastern Puerto Rico to detect the presence of larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti and other mosquitoes; to identify the most common and productive containers and to study their variation in relation to the type of cemetery.ResultsThe most common containers with water were flowerpots, followed in abundance by a variety of discarded containers and open tombs. We found a positive relationship between density of containers with water and rainfall. There was a rich community of mosquito species developing in containers of the inspected cemeteries: nine mosquito species belonging to four genera with Ae. aegypti and Ae. mediovittatus being the most frequent and abundant. We sampled 13 cement‐type cemeteries, 2 mixed and only 1 lawn cemetery, consequently, we could not draw any conclusion regarding container productivity and cemetery type.ConclusionsSurveyed cemeteries were important sources of Ae. aegypti and other mosquitoes in flowerpots, discarded containers and open tombs. We recommend conducting further studies to establish how frequently inspections should occur; and mosquito control by emptying aquatic habitats and larviciding to reduce mosquito productivity and protect workers and visitors from mosquito bites and possible transmission of arboviruses.
Deterministic and Probabilistic Evaluation of Seismic Loads on Reactor Pressure Vessel Internals Including Nonlinear Effects
Authors: Schmidl Johannes , Pellissetti Manuel , Fuetterer Eugen , Hilpert Roland , Nykyforchyn Andrii , Staeuble-Akcay Sunay 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper presents analytical results for the dynamic analysis of the control rod drive mechanisms (CRDM) and selected reactor pressure vessel (RPV) internals, i.e., core barrel (CB) upper flange and upper core plate centering, as well as resulting stresses. The model for the dynamic analysis of the RPV Internals with CESHOCK consists of springs and lumped masses, combined with beam elements. The model is taking into account material nonlinearities, sliding, friction, and gap/impact effects inside the RPV. Refined finite element modeling of contact regions is used to calibrate the force–displacement relationship used in the dynamic model. Both deterministic and probabilistic analyses are presented. The excitations are based on upstream time history (TH) analyses with a coupled model of the nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) and the reactor building. Variability of ground motion parameters (shear modulus and damping) and building parameters (Young's modulus and damping) is taken into account. The deterministic analyses confirm that the CB upper flange is the most highly stressed part of the RPV internals in case of seismic excitations. The probabilistic analyses show that there is a robust correlation between the spectral acceleration at the fundamental frequency of the CB and the maximum load on the CB flange. This is in agreement with one of the standard assumptions adopted for fragility analysis in the nuclear industry and is confirmed for the CB flange in the present analysis.
A Multisegmental Approach to Dry Needling Plantar Fasciitis: A Case Study
Authors: Hortz Brian V. , Falsone Sue 
Published: February 2022

Context: Plantar heel pain is a common problem affecting foot function, causing pain in the foot under the heel. Plantar fasciitis is commonly treated with conservative treatment, such as joint and soft tissue mobilization, self-stretching home programs, foot orthoses, and night splinting or booting. Dry needling (DN) has shown to be an effective method of treating plantar fasciitis (PF) in multiple randomized control trials. Dry needling is a technique that has been reported to be beneficial in managing pain and dysfunction after PF. Still, there is limited published literature on DN, a myofascial sequence as part of the treatment of PF. Case Presentation: The patient was a 38-year-old female runner referred by a podiatrist for evaluation and treatment to include DN and therapy for persistent PF in the right foot. She was treated 4 times over 3 weeks with a home exercise program. Management and Outcomes: The DN intervention was beyond the local plantar fascia and incorporated 11 locations from the foot up the posterior chain and 2 electric stim channels. The patient had reduced pain as measured by a visual analog scale, increased function as measured by the functional ankle disability index, and range of motion increases. Conclusions: This case illustrates the use of DN and a home exercise program to provide a favorable outcome in a patient with PF.
Mass extinction or extirpation: Permian biotic turnovers in the northwestern margin of Pangea
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Shi G.R. , Nakrem Hans A. , Woo Jusun , Tazawa Jun-Ichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Capitanian (Middle Permian) mass extinction event, prior to and separate from the end-Permian mass extinction, has been suggested as a severe biotic crisis comparable to the big five mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. However, there is still controversy about its global significance. In particular, this purportedly disastrous event in the Capitanian was mostly documented in the eastern Tethys, especially South China and Japan, whereas its extent in higher latitudinal regions remains unclear. A few recent studies have reported biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic evidence for the Capitanian extinction at the northwestern marginal shelf of Pangea, including in the Kapp Starostin Formation in Spitsbergen. However, we here report a different result from these previous studies based on a study of abundant brachiopod fossils collected from eight geological sections that represent the same formation in western and central Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway. Our biostratigraphic investigation recognizes a total of five brachiopod assemblages from the type section of the Kapp Starostin Formation at Festningen in Spitsbergen. The most striking biotic change in species composition is observed at the interval between the lowermost Vøringen Member (late Artinskian) and its overlying member (Kungurian) of the Kapp Starostin Formation in Spitsbergen, which makes it much earlier than the Capitanian. A similar faunal shift at the same stratigraphic interval is also observed from bryozoan-based biostratigraphic data. This faunal turnover could be linked to a significant climatic shift (cooling) along the northwestern margin of Pangea during the Artinskian−Kungurian. Specifically, it is inferred that a climatic perturbation (cooling) likely drove the extirpation (emigration) of marine faunas out of Spitsbergen and dispersal eastward into some lower latitudinal and climatically more habitable areas. Our result indicates that the Capitanian interval in Spitsbergen does not record a catastrophic event that corresponds to the Capitanian mass extinction in Tethyan regions but rather marks gradual faunal transitions throughout the Middle to Late Permian. This faunal transition, driven by continuous cooling, was accompanied by major changes in regional lithology, which suggest a degree of local environmental control, especially in the changes of substrate and water depth, on the composition of the benthic faunas. The Wegener Halvø and Schuchert Dal Formations (Lopingian) in central East Greenland contain a diverse brachiopod fauna that is comparable to that of the post-Vøringen Member in Spitsbergen. This implies that the brachiopods in the northwestern marginal shelf of Pangea did not suffer a severe mass extinction in the Capitanian; instead, many of them migrated southward with the development of the Zechstein seaway.
Integrating an early child development intervention into an existing primary healthcare platform in rural Lesotho: a prospective case–control study
Authors: Ndayizigiye Melino , McBain Ryan , Whelley Collin , Lerotholi Rorisang , Mabathoana Joalane , Carmona Merida , Curtain Joe , Birru Ermyas , Stulac Sara , Miller Ann C , Shin Sonya , Rumaldo Nancy , Mukherjee Joia , Nelson Adrianne Katrina 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThis study evaluated a novel early childhood development (ECD) programme integrated it into the primary healthcare system.SettingThe intervention was implemented in a rural district of Lesotho from 2017 to 2018.ParticipantsIt targeted primary caregivers during routine postnatal care visits and through village health worker home visits.InterventionThe hybrid care delivery model was adapted from a successful programme in Lima, Peru and focused on parent coaching for knowledge about child development, practicing contingent interaction with the child, parent social support and encouragement.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresWe compared developmental outcomes and caregiving practices in a cohort of 130 caregiver–infant (ages 7–11 months old) dyads who received the ECD intervention, to a control group that did not receive the intervention (n=125) using a case–control study design. Developmental outcomes were evaluated using the Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire (EASQ), and caregiving practices using two measure sets (ie, UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), Parent Ladder). Group comparisons were made using multivariable regression analyses, adjusting for caregiver-level, infant-level and household-level demographic characteristics.ResultsAt completion, children in the intervention group scored meaningfully higher across all EASQ domains, compared with children in the control group: communication (δ=0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.26), social development (δ=0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.8) and motor development (δ=0.33, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.31). Caregivers in the intervention group also reported significantly higher adjusted odds of engaging in positive caregiving practices in four of six MICS domains, compared with caregivers in the control group—including book reading (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.77, 95% CI 1.94 to 7.29) and naming/counting (AOR: 2.05; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.71).ConclusionsThese results suggest that integrating an ECD intervention into a rural primary care platform, such as in the Lesothoan context, may be an effective and efficient way to promote ECD outcomes.
Extreme variability in European eel growth revealed by an extended mark and recapture experiment in southern France and implications for management
Authors: Panfili Jacques , Boulenger Clarisse , Musseau Camille , Crivelli Alain J. 
Published: February 2022

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is endangered due to its peculiar life-history cycle, fishing pressure and difficulty in global population management. To improve our understanding of the population dynamics and refine conservation policies, an extended mark and recapture experiment and glass eel stocking were conducted in the River Rhône Delta (France) over 8 years. Around 1100 yellow eels were PIT-tagged and released in 2007, 2.5 kg of glass eels were released each year from 2008 to 2012, and the population was monitored using fishing between 2007 and 2015. After capture or recapture, the body parameters, sex and maturity were assessed. Age was estimated from otolith growth rings. At the end of the experiment, silver eels were between 352 and 875 mm long (age 17 to 185 months) and yellow eels between 170 and 868 mm long (age 12 to 123 months). Age estimates were validated using mark and recapture and showed 16% age underestimates and 5% inaccurate ages. The growth rates were extremely variable with lengths ranged by 2-fold at a given age. These results highlight the difficulty of eel population management, at least in the Mediterranean area.
Influence of Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure on the Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering on the Risk of Stroke
Authors: Shihab Saeed , Boucher Robert E. , Abraham Nikita , Wei Guo , Beddhu Srinivasan 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Guidelines recommend lowering systolic blood pressure below 130 mm Hg, irrespective of previous strokes. However, there is a concern that lowering systolic blood pressure in people with low baseline diastolic blood pressure might increase the risk of stroke.

Methods:
We conducted a secondary analysis of the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes trial that randomly assigned participants with a history of subcortical strokes to an intensive (<130 mm Hg; N=1519) or standard (130–149 mm Hg; N=1501) systolic targets. We examined the effects of blood pressure intervention on stroke and cardiovascular composite across the range of baseline diastolic blood pressure in spline regression models and tested for interaction of baseline diastolic blood pressure with the intervention on outcomes.

Results:

Mean baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 143±19 and 78±11 mm Hg, respectively. Within each baseline diastolic blood pressure tertile, the achieved diastolic was lower in the intensive versus standard arm. There were 275 stroke events over 10 889 years of follow-up. Lower baseline diastolic blood pressure was associated with increased risk of stroke in an observational spline regression model. Hazard ratios relating blood pressure intervention with the risk of stroke in the lowest (hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.52–1.16]) and the highest (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.53–1.21]) baseline diastolic tertiles were similar (
P
=0.95). Results were similar for the cardiovascular composite.

Conclusions:
Intensive systolic control does not appear to increase the risk of stroke in those with low baseline diastolic blood pressure and prior stroke.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00059306.
One‐Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Bioresorbable Polymer Everolimus‐Eluting Stents in High Bleeding Risk Patients
Authors: Pivato Carlo A. , Reimers Bernhard , Testa Luca , Pacchioni Andrea , Briguori Carlo , Musto Carmine , Esposito Giovanni , Piccolo Raffaele , Lucisano Luigi , De Luca Leonardo , Conrotto Federico , De Marco Andrea , Franzone Anna , Presbitero Patrizia , Ferrante Giuseppe , Condorelli Gerolama , Paradies Valeria , Sardella Gennaro , Indolfi Ciro , Condorelli Gianluigi , Stefanini Giulio G. 
Published: February 2022

Background
It is unknown whether contemporary drug‐eluting stents have a similar safety profile in high bleeding risk patients treated with 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary interventions.

Methods and Results

We performed an interventional, prospective, multicenter, single‐arm trial, powered for noninferiority with respect to an objective performance criterion to evaluate the safety of percutaneous coronary interventions with Synergy bioresorbable‐polymer everolimus‐eluting stent followed by 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with high bleeding risk. In case of need for an oral anticoagulant, patients received an oral anticoagulant in addition to a P2Y
12
inhibitor for 1 month, followed by an oral anticoagulant only. The primary end point was the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or definite or probable stent thrombosis at 1‐year follow‐up. The study was prematurely interrupted because of slow recruitment. From April 2017 to October 2019, 443 patients (age, 74.8±9.2 years; women, 29.1%) at 10 Italian centers were included. The 1‐year primary outcome occurred in 4.82% (95% CI, 3.17%–7.31%) of patients, meeting the noninferiority compared with the predefined objective performance criterion of 9.4% and the noninferiority margin of 3.85% (

P
noninferiority

<0.001) notwithstanding the lower‐than‐expected sample size. The rates of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and definite or probable stent thrombosis were 1.88% (95% CI, 0.36%–2.50%), 3.42% (95% CI, 2.08%–5.62%), and 0.94% (95% CI, 0.35%–2.49%), respectively.

Conclusions
Among high bleeding risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions with the Synergy bioresorbable‐polymer everolimus‐eluting stent, a 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy regimen is safe, with low rates of ischemic and bleeding events.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier:
NCT03112707
.
Cohesive Institutions and Political Violence
Authors: Fetzer Thiemo , Kyburz Stephan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Can revenue sharing of resource rents be a source of distributive conflict? Can cohesive institutions avoid such conflicts? We exploit exogenous variation in local government revenues and new data on local democratic institutions in Nigeria to study these questions. We find a strong link between rents and conflict. Conflicts are highly organized and concentrated in districts and time periods with unelected local governments. Once local governments are elected these relationships are much weaker. We argue that elections produce more cohesive institutions that help limit distributional conflict between groups. Throughout, we confirm these findings using individual level survey data.
Cross-Country Trends in Affective Polarization
Authors: Boxell Levi , Gentzkow Matthew , Shapiro Jesse M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We measure trends in affective polarization in twelve OECD countries over the past four decades. According to our baseline estimates, the United States experienced the largest increase in polarization over this period. Five countries experienced a smaller increase in polarization. Six countries experienced a decrease in polarization. We relate trends in polarization to trends in potential explanatory factors.
Clear-Sky Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing Uncertainty Associated with Aerosol Optical Properties Based on CMIP6 models
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Jing , Jiang Zhongjing , Dong Yueming , Ying Tong , Zhang Zhenyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe direct perturbation of anthropogenic aerosols on Earth’s energy balance [i.e., direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF)] remains uncertain in climate models. These uncertainties critically depend on aerosol optical properties, primarily aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA), and the asymmetry factorg. In this study, we investigate the intermodel spread of DARF across 14 global models within phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), using unified radiative transfer calculation and aerosol optical parameter assumptions. The global mean DARF for clear sky in 2014 with respect to 1850 is estimated as −0.77 ± 0.52 W m−2assuming an externally mixed state and −0.68 ± 0.53 W m−2for an internally mixed state. We further conduct a quantitative analysis and find that globally, for the external mixing assumption, AOD is the dominant factor, whose intermodel spread results in 36% of the total DARF uncertainty. For the internal mixing assumption, SSA becomes the major factor, which also leads to 36% DARF uncertainty. Thegparameter and aerosol vertical distribution combined contribute to ∼30% of the DARF uncertainty. Regionally, DARF uncertainty is typically more sensitive to SSA where the absorbing aerosol fraction is high, such as South Asia and central Africa. Substantial differences between model-averaged and observed aerosol optical parameters are still noticed, with external mixing in general yielding closer agreement with observations. Our results highlight the importance of aerosol scattering and absorption properties in DARF estimation.
Recovery of the breast screening programme following pandemic-related delays: Should we focus on round length or uptake?
Authors: Duffy Stephen W. , Hudson Sue , Vulkan Daniel , Duffy Thomas E. , Binysh Kathie 
Published: February 2022

Objectives The NHS Breast Screening programme is recovering from the hiatus in screening in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, open rather than timed invitations are issued, which leads to lower uptake but more rapid coverage of the eligible population by invitation and therefore closer adherence to a round length of 3 years. We aimed to estimate the likely effect on numbers of cancers detected at incident screens of a range of round lengths and uptake rates. Methods We assumed exponential distributions of time to incidence of preclinical screen-detectable cancer and of time to progression thereafter to symptomatic clinical disease. We derived numerical values of these, along with screening sensitivity, from published research results and statistics from the NHS Breast Screening programme. These were used to calculate numbers of cancers detected at incident screens at ages 51–70 by round length and uptake rates. Results We found that in a homogeneous population of cancers, a 4-year round length with uptake of 62%, as observed with timed appointments in London before the pandemic, would result in 295 cancers screen detected per 10,000 invited, compared to 222 cancers with a 3-year round and uptake of 46%, as observed in London during the recovery period. Similar results were found when we posited two populations, one of rapidly progressing and one of slowly progressing cancers. Conclusions It may be more productive in terms of early detection to focus on uptake rather than round length in the programme's recovery from the pandemic.
Rasburicase induced methemoglobinemia: A systematic review of descriptive studies
Authors: Vidhyashree BH , Zuber Mohammed , Taj Shifa , Venkataraman Rajesh , Sathish Kumar BP , Jabeen Nihala 
Published: February 2022

Purpose There is an increased number of reports being published on rasburicase-induced methemoglobinemia recently. We aimed to identify and critically evaluate all the descriptive studies that described the rasburicase-induced methemoglobinemia, its treatment approach, and their outcomes. Methodology PubMed, Scopus and grey literature databases were searched from inception to January 2022 using search terms “rasburicase” and “methemoglobinemia” without any language and date restriction. A bibliographic search was also done to find additional studies. Only descriptive studies on Rasburicase-induced methemoglobinemia were included for our review. Two contributors worked independently on study selection, data abstraction, and quality assessment, and any disagreements were resolved by consensus or discussion with a third reviewer. Result A total of 24 reports including 27 patients (23 male, 3 female patients, and 1 study did not specify the gender of the patient) aged from 5 to 75 years were included in the review. Immediate withdrawal of the drug and administering methylene blue, ascorbic acid, blood transfusion, and supportive oxygen therapy are the cornerstone in the management of rasburicase-induced methemoglobinemia. Conclusion Rasburicase administration should be followed by careful monitoring of patients for any severe complication and treat it as early as possible appropriately. In a patient who presents with rasburicase-induced haemolysis or methemoglobinemia, it is often important to expect a diagnosis of G6PD deficiency unless otherwise confirmed and to avoid administering methylene blue, even though the patient is from a low-risk ethnicity for G6PDD.