bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antipodal seismic observation locates liquid region on the Earth’s Inner Core
Authors: Tsuboi Seiji , Butler Rhett 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Earth's inner core is thought to have been formed by the precipitation of iron from the fluid outer core. It is considered that a part of the inner core surface where iron in the fluid outer core is precipitated may be melted and formed a mushy region, but its position is not well understood seismologically. We recently analyzed seismic waveforms observed at the antipodal station of the seismic source and showed that there are precursors to reflections beneath the inner core boundary from deeper in the inner core. It has been found that this precursory wave can be modeled as a reflection under the liquid/solid interface at a depth of 100 km below the inner core boundary. Here, we use these precursor waves observed at the antipodal station (> 179°). The sensitivity kernel for the shear wave velocity structure on the inner core surface was calculated by the adjoint method, using theoretical seismic waveforms. The location of the fluid region was identified using this kernel. Our results show two regions of the inner core surface where the shear wave velocity is close to zero. These results may provide seismological evidence to the origin of the earth's magnetic field.
Probing the atomically diffuse interfaces in core-shell nanoparticles in three dimensions
Authors: Li Zezhou , Xie Zhiheng , Zhang Yao , Mu Xilong , Yin Hai-jing , Zhang Ya-Wen , Ophus Colin , Zhou Jihan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deciphering the three-dimensional atomic structure of solid-solid interfaces in core-shell nanomaterials is the key to understand their remarkable catalytical, optical and electronic properties. Here, we probe the three-dimensional atomic structures of palladium-platinum core-shell nanoparticles at the single-atom level using atomic resolution electron tomography. We successfully quantify the rich structural variety of core-shell nanoparticles with heteroepitaxy in 3D at atomic resolution. Instead of forming an atomically-sharp boundary, the core-shell interface is atomically diffuse with an average thickness of 4.2 Å, irrespective of the particle’s size, morphology or crystallographic texture. The high concentration of Pd in the diffusive interface is highly related to the electric double layers of the Pd seeds. These results advance our understanding of core-shell structures at the fundamental level, providing potential strategies into precise nanomaterial manipulation and chemical property regulation.
Neuroimaging and machine learning for studying the pathways from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Maryam , Christie Gregory J. , Cosco Theodore D. , Arab Ali , Mansouri Mehrdad , Wagner Kevin R. , DiPaola Steve , Moreno Sylvain 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: This systematic review synthesizes the most recent neuroimaging procedures and machine learning approaches for the prediction of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease dementia.
Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) systematic review guidelines.
Results: Our search returned 2572 articles, 56 of which met the criteria for inclusion in the final selection. The multimodality framework and deep learning techniques showed a potential for predicting the conversion of MCI to AD dementia.
Conclusion:Findings of this systematic review identified that the possibility of using neuroimaging data processed by advanced learning algorithms is promising for the prediction of AD progression. We also provided a detailed description of the challenges that researchers are faced along with future research directions. The protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews– CRD42019133402 and published in the Systematic Reviews journal.
Is equipoise a useful concept to justify RCTs in a different cultural context? A survey of clinicians in Pakistan in relation to an RCT of talking therapy for self-harm
Authors: Memon Rakhshi , Asif Muqaddas , Pitman Alexandra , Chaudhry Nasim , Husain Nusrat , Edwards Sarah JL 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical equipoise, also defined as the uncertainty principle, is considered essential when recruiting subjects to a clinical trial. However, equipoise is threatened when clinicians are influenced by their own preferences. Little research has investigated equipoise in the context of trial recruitment.
Methods
This cross-sectional survey sought clinicians’ views about equipoise and individual treatment preferences in the context of moral justification for recruiting young people at risk of self-harm or suicide to a Randomised Clinical Trial (RCT) to evaluate the Youth Culturally Adapted Manual Assisted Psychological Intervention (Y-CMAP) in Pakistan. We compared the views (11 statements relating to the clinical care of young people at risk of suicide and self-harm) of clinicians involved in RCT recruitment to those of a sample of clinicians not involved in trial recruitment, comparing their sociodemographic characteristics and the proportions of those in each group agreeing with each statement.
Results
There was a response rate of 96%. Findings showed that, during trial recruitment and before the RCT results were known, the majority of all responding clinicians (73.3%) considered Y-CMAP to be an effective treatment for young patients at risk of self-harm or suicide. Although there was acknowledgement of individual preferences for the intervention, there was near consensus (90%) on the need to conduct an RCT for reaching an evidence-based decision. However, there were no significant differences in the proportion of recruiting clinicians reporting a treatment preference for Y-CMAP than similar clinicians treating patients not involved in the trial 31(88.6%) versus 36 (90%), p = 0.566). A significantly higher percentage of health professionals (87.5%) not involved in YCMAP as compared to (48.5%) in the trial (p = .000) stated that there may be other treatments that may be equally good for the patients seemingly undermining a preference for the intervention. Those reporting a treatment preference also importantly acknowledged that there was nothing on which their preference was based, however confident they felt about them, thus accepting clinical equipoise as moral justification for conducting the RCT. There was a significant group difference in views that treatment overall is better as a result of young patients’ participation in the Y-CMAP trial (p = 0.015), and in on perceived availability of other treatment options that were good for young people at risk of self-harm (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The paper highlights that clinicians in Pakistan accept the notion of clinical equipoise as an ethical justification for patient participation in RCTs. These findings have important implications for researchers conducting RCTs and for the robustness of trial findings.
Concerns related to COVID-19 in South Korea : What are associated individual and regional factors?
Authors: Lee Doo Woong , Jang Jieun , Shin Jaeyong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 is raising new concerns previously non-existent. It is important to identify risk groups to avoid potential problems that may arise from this.
Methods
Data from the 2020 Korea Community Health Survey and official government database were collected for this analysis and are nationally representative. The final study population was 225,689 (men: 102,358; 45·4%, mean age: 54·9). Multilevel regression analysis was employed to evaluate concerns related to COVID-19 and its related individual- and area-level factors.
Results
4·86% of the variability in the scores of concerns related to COVID-19 was accounted for by district areas. Individuals who lived in the most deprived area showed a higher coefficient of 0·123 (p-value: 0·070) compared to the least deprived area. In addition, concern type 3 (“Concerns of being blamed by others of infection”) showed a higher coefficient when individuals lived in the most deprived area (Q4 coefficient: 0·088, p-value: 0·006).
Conclusion
People in deprived areas had inferior coping strategies; thus, they are more likely to be a risk population for current or future psychological problems. Proper strategies on the population are needed to build risk perception with adequate information about COVID-19.
How do we monitor degraded areas recovery projects?
Authors: Torres Maria Fernanda Oliveira , Ferreira Robério Anastácio , Mendonça Fernanda Cristina Aguiar , Santos Renan Costa , Silva-Mann Renata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAreas undergoing forest restoration need to be monitored to achieve ecosystem services. This work was carried out to evaluate the establishment of the riparian forest area in the restoration process, after 18 years of intervention, through temporal analysis of the landscape, biotic and soil indicators. Moreover, a temporal analysis of the landscape, biomass and Gross Primary Production (GPP) was carried out, via geoprocessing, at five-intervals within the period from 2002 to 2020, as well as biotic indicators (seed rain, seed bank, seedlings), and edaphic indicators from 2019 to 2020. The seed rain presented 1,197 propagules, belonging to 27 different species. The soil seed bank showed higher density in the rainy season (21.3 seeds/m2), 25 seeds, seven species, and only one botanical family recorded. In the seedling bank, 1,193 seedlings were reported, belonging to 28 botanical families, in which 57% of the individuals are arboreal-shrubby of the forest. Edaphic conditions improved compared to the initial project implementation. In 2010 using the temporal analysis of the landscape, the planting area was 100% covered with dense vegetation. For biomass and the GPP is a linear increment over time. The successional stage of the area is advanced, with a significant representation of secondary and climax species. The monitoring favored understanding the dynamics of the restoration environment and conservation.
Efficient Metrics for Data Recovery at Perception Layer: e-health Case Study
Authors: Afzaal Rabia , Jan Saeedullah , Ponum Mahvish , Sana Saba , Adnan Kiran , Jameel Aqsa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most innovative technologies, which promises to improve and optimize daily life using sensors and smart devices. Semantic Web of Things (SWoT) is an extension of IoT that makes it possible for devices to enhance communication between each other by behaving intelligently. The SWoT comprises seven-layer architecture, where the perception layer is one of the most important layers, which is used for collecting data from devices and for ensuring communication with the devices and associated layer. Due to insufficient resources, unpredictable link, noise, collision, and sensor faults, data loss can occur at sensor nodes of perception. This paper defines the recoverability metric for the perception layer of the SWoT architecture. The contribution of this paper is three folds. First, it describes the main challenges for data communication in the perception layer. Second, it focuses on the recoverability metric that recovers the missing data at the perception layer. Finally, the recoverability metric is evaluated and compared with the ISO-9126-1 standard design quality metrics. To develop the design quality of SWoT, different measures, including efficiency, availability, and recoverability, are considered and proved with e-health case study. The results are statistically proven and demonstrate that the application of the proposed metric can enhance the SWoT performance and overcomes the problem of temporal loss of information.
Relaxation dynamics transition near the dry-wet transition in foams
Authors: Yanagisawa Naoya , Kurita Rei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Liquid foams respond plastically to external perturbations over some critical magnitude. This relaxation process is directly related to the mechanical properties of the foams, playing a significant role in determining foam lifetime, deformability, elasticity, and fluidity. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the relaxation dynamics of foams near a dry-wet transition. When a foam transforms from a dry state to a wet state, it is found that the relaxation mode changes from sequential T1 events to collective rearrangements. We show that this mode transition is closely related to the change in local bubble arrangements and mobility. Furthermore, it is also found that a probability of relaxation events occurring follows a Poisson distribution, suggesting that there is little correlation between discrete relaxation events. These results constitute progress in understanding the dynamical properties of soft jammed systems, relevant for biological and material sciences as well as food science.
Chronic pain in patients with gunshot wounds
Authors: Kuchyn Iurii , Horoshko Vasyl’ 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: In civilian life, from 11% to 40% of patients suffer from chronic pain after receiving injuries. There are almost no data on chronic pain in patients with gunshot wounds, isolated clinical cases have been published. The purpose of our study is to determine the factors that can potentially affect the results of treatment of such patients, namely the frequency of development of chronic pain, acute stress reactions, satisfaction with the results of treatment and the number of wound localizations.
Methods: The treatment of 769 patients was analyzed. Pain intensity was diagnosed using a visual analog scale (VAS). To detect neuropathic pain, the pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4). The presence of an acute stress reaction (ASR) was diagnosed using The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and medical history, the diagnosis was established by a psychiatrist. Satisfaction with treatment results was studied using the Chaban quality of life scale (CQLS). Group comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test and the chi-square test, taking into account continuity correction.
Results: Chronic pain was observed in 538 (70% 95% CI 66.7%-73.1%) patients with gunshot wounds: of them, 439 patients had wounds in 1, 2 anatomical parts of the body, here the frequency of pain chronicity is 69.7% (95% CI 66.0%-78.5%), and 99 patients had wounds in 3 or more anatomical parts of the body – 71.2% (95%CI 63.4%-78.5%). DN4 data suggest the presence of a neuropathic pain component in these patients. Also, all patients were diagnosed with ASR upon admission: the number of HADS points ranged from 9 to 25 points. CQLS data indicate that satisfaction with treatment outcomes was high (76 points) before hospital discharge, but subsequently decreased to a low level (64 points).
Conclusions: Patients with gunshot wounds have a high risk of chronic pain, averaging 45% higher than the general population in civilian trauma patients. A greater frequency of the neuropathic component of pain and acute stress reactions is the reason for such chronicity. A decrease in the level of satisfaction with the results of treatment, in the remote period of observation, compared to the level at the time of discharge from the hospital, is probably a consequence of the formation of chronic pain.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: Retrospectively registered on August 1, 2022, NCT05489029.
Effect of European COVID-containment policies on epidemiological monitoring indicators
Authors: Podrecca Chiara , Parimbelli Enea , Pala Daniele , Cheng Cindy , Messerschmidt Luca Elias , Büthe Tim , Bellazzi Riccardo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since its initial appearance on the western world in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a catastrophic event that has seriously endangered the world’s population. While governments have tried their best to respond appropriately to the changing rhythms of the pandemic, they have largely been unprepared to deal with a calamity of such proportion. This is in no small part due to the lack of sufficient or adequately fine-grained data necessary for forecasting the pandemic’s evolution. To remedy this gap, researchers from around the world have been collecting data about different aspects of COVID-19’s evolution and government responses to them so as to provide the foundation for informative models and tools that can be used to mitigate the current pandemic and possibly prevent the spread of future ones.
Indeed, a number of research initiatives were launched in the early stages of the pandemic with this goal, including the PERISCOPE (Pan-European Response to the ImpactS of COVID-19 and future Pandemics and Epidemics) Project 1 , funded by the European Commission. PERISCOPE aims to investigate the broad socioeconomic and behavioral impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the goal of making Europe more resilient and prepared for future large-scale risks.
The purpose of this paper, which is part of work carried on within the PERISCOPE project, is to provide a first analysis at the European level of the effect of policy actions on the spread of the virus. To do so, the relationship between a novel index, the Policy Intensity Index, and four epidemiological variables collected by the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention will be assessed.
After a first exploratory correlational and causal analysis, a comprehensive Pan-European population model is proposed: based on Multilevel Vector Autoregression, the model aims at identifying effects that are common to all European countries while treating country-specific policies as covariates explaining the different evolution of the pandemic in 9 selected countries, tracked through four epidemiological monitoring indicators.
Intelligent optimization under blocking constraints: a variant iterated greedy algorithm for hybrid flow shop scheduling problem
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Yuting , Han Yuyan , Li Junqing , Gao Kaizhou 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (HFSP) is one of the most relevant optimization problems in manufacturing industry. This paper aims to minimize the makespan for a hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with blocking constraints (BHFSP), which is an extension of traditional HFSP and has more practical significance. We construct the mathematical model of BHFSP and verify its correctness by Gurobi. Specifically, our study develops a variant iterated greedy (VIG) algorithm to solve the above model. The main novelties of the proposed algorithm are that a hybrid decoding strategy, i.e., forward decoding and backward decoding, are designed to calculate the objective value; a parallel mechanism is adopted to increase the diversity of VIG; a simple local search based on swap operator and a cooperative mechanism based on crossover are proposed to enhance the convergence and diversity of the algorithm. Comprehensive computational experiments are conducted on 100 instances to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results and statistical analyses show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the six state-of-the-art algorithms and can effectively solve BHFSP.
Distribution and pollution characteristics of organophosphate esters: reflected by tree rings of arbor species
Authors: Song Jiaojiao , Xiong Xiaoyu , Yin Hongling , Xiong Yuanming , Fang Shuhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a kind of emerging pollutants. Tree rings are long-lasting reservoirs of OPEs in the environment and can be analyzed to indicate OPEs contamination in the sampling region. Currently, research on OPEs in tree rings is still limited. In this study, tree rings of 5 arbor species from Sichuan Province, China, were sampled to study the occurrence and distribution of 6 OPEs, which were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentrations of OPEs in all samples ranged from 189.79 (Fir species) to 341.23 ng/g (Toona sinensis), with average concentration of 284.77 ± 46.66 ng/g. The concentrations of OPEs in the 5 arbor species showed no significant difference. Tree rings of arbor species could be used as good passive samplers to show the occurrence and distribution of OPEs in the regional environment. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) was the dominant OPEs followed by tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP). Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) showed relatively stable concentrations in each arbor species, while the other 4 OPEs including TBEP, triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tri(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and TCEP had significantly different concentrations. Interestingly, the absorption and accumulation of OPEs by tree rings of arbor species was quite different from that of inorganic elements reported by other studies.
A Natural Language Processing Pipeline to Study Disparities in Cannabis Use and Documentation Among Children and Young Adults A Survey of 21 Years of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Tavabi Nazgol , Raza Marium , Singh Mallika , Golchin Shahriar , Singh Harsev , Hogue Grant , Kiapour Ata 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The legalizations of medical and recreational cannabis have generated a great deal of interest in studying the health impacts of cannabis products. Despite increases in cannabis use, its documentation during clinical visits is not yet mainstream. This lack of information hampers efforts to study cannabis effects on health outcomes. A clear and in-depth understanding of current trends in cannabis use documentation is necessary to develop proper guidelines to screen and document cannabis use. Here we have developed and used a hierarchical natural language processing pipeline (AUROC=0.94) to evaluate the trends and disparities in cannabis documentation on more than 23 million notes from a large cohort of 370,087 patients seen in a high-volume multi-site pediatric and young adult clinic over a period of 21 years. Our findings show a very low but growing rate of cannabis use documentation (<2%) in electronic health records with significant demographic and socioeconomic disparities in both documentation and use, which requires further attention.
Translation to German and linguistic validation of the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) questionnaire
Authors: Kulnik Stefan Tino , Gutenberg Johanna , Mühlhauser Kathrin , Topolski Tari , Crutzen Rik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose: To produce a culturally adapted translation of the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) questionnaire for German speaking Austrians and to conduct a linguistic validation of the new questionnaire version.
Methods: The original English-language RAPA questionnaire was independently forward-backward translated to Austrian German. The new version of the RAPA then underwent linguistic validation through individual cognitive debriefing interviews with older adults aged 55 to 78 years with and without health conditions (n=13).
Results: Several distinct choices were made in the translation of the RAPA questionnaire to German, including the use of colloquial terms for ‘physical activity’ and ‘intensity’; and the decision to keep to the original examples and images of different physical activities for illustrating the intensity levels (light, moderate, vigorous) of physical activity. In cognitive debriefing, interviewees commented that some example activities for the respective intensity levels could – depending on the individual – also represent a higher or lower intensity level; and that the wording of RAPA items 4 and 5, which describe the category ‘under-active regular’ aerobic activity, was difficult to understand. Both issues were addressed and resolved through minor iterative modifications made during the cognitive debriefing process.
Conclusion: A new Austrian German version of the RAPA questionnaire has been produced applying a rigorous method of forward-backward translation and qualitative linguistic validation. The questionnaire may now be taken forward for psychometric evaluation.