bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic bi-material designs for additive manufacturing
Authors: Rahimizadeh A , Yazdani Sarvestani H , Barroeta Robles J , Gholipour J , Ashrafi B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Superior material properties have been recently exhibited under the concept of biomimetic designs, where the material architectures are inspired by nature. In this study, a computational framework is developed to present novel architectured bi-material structures with tunable stiffness, strength, and toughness to be used for additive manufacturing (AM). The structure of natural nacre is mimicked to design robust multilayered structures constructed from hexagonal brittle and hard building blocks bonded with soft materials and supports. A set of computational models consisting of fully bonded zones, while allowing for interlayer interactions are created to accurately mimic the interplay between the hard and soft organic phases. As required for such complex designs, the numerical constraints are properly set to run quasi-static non-linear explicit analysis, which allow for a 3× faster analysis with higher efficiency and 2× lower computational cost, when compared to static analysis. The models are used to assess the stiffness, strength and toughness of bi-material beams when subjected to a flexural three-point bending load. The influence of structural features like the soft-to-hard volume ratio (i.e. the distance between each building block, its aspect ratio, and overlap length), material features (e.g. the stiffness ratio of the hard-to-soft phases), the plastic strain failure of soft phase, and AM features (e.g. different types of within-layer/sandwiched supports) are systematically investigated. The results revealed that the toughness of the architectured beams was enhanced by up to 25% when compared to a monolithic structure. This improvement is due to the frictional tile sliding in the brittle phase and the extensive shear plastic deformation of the soft interfaces. This work provides compatible designs to facilitate the AM of nacre-based bi-martial structures with balanced/tailored mechanical performance and to understand the influence of the architectural parameters.
Presence of nanoplastics in rural and remote surface waters
Authors: Materić Dušan , Peacock Mike , Dean Joshua , Futter Martyn , Maximov Trofim , Moldan Filip , Röckmann Thomas , Holzinger Rupert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is now established that microplastics are a pervasive presence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The same is assumed to be true for nanoplastics but data are lacking due to technical difficulties associated with sample analysis. Here, we measured nanoplastics in waterbodies at two contrasting sites: remote Siberian Arctic tundra and a forest landscape in southern Sweden. Nanoplastics were detected in all sampled Swedish lakes (n = 7) and streams (n = 4) (mean concentration = 563 µg l−1) and four polymer types were identified (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate). In Siberia nanoplastics were detected in 7/12 sampled lakes, ponds and surface flooding, but only two polymer types were detected (PVC and polystyrene) and concentrations were lower (mean 51 µg l−1). Based on back-calculation of air mass trajectories and particle dispersion, we infer that nanoplastics arrive at both sites by aerial deposition from local and regional sources. Our results suggest that nanoplastics may be a near-ubiquitous presence even in remote ecosystems.
New bounds for the site percolation threshold of the hexagonal lattice
Authors: Wierman John C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The site percolation threshold of the hexagonal lattice satisfies 0.656 246 < p
c < 0.739 695. For comparison, the largest previous lower bound of 0.652 703… was established in 1981, and the smallest previous upper bound of 0.743 359 was derived in 2007. The bound is obtained by using the substitution method to compare the hexagonal lattice site model to an exactly-solved two-parameter site percolation model on the martini lattice. Computational reductions involving graph-welding, symmetry, non-crossing partitions, and network flow computations overcome challenges to establishing stochastic ordering between the models.
Higher-order rogue wave solutions of the Sasa–Satsuma equation
Authors: Feng Bao-Feng , Shi Changyan , Zhang Guangxiong , Wu Chengfa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Up to the third-order rogue wave solutions of the Sasa–Satsuma (SS) equation are derived based on the Hirota’s bilinear method and Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy reduction method. They are expressed explicitly by rational functions with both the numerator and denominator being the determinants of even order. Four types of intrinsic structures are recognized according to the number of zero-amplitude points. The first- and second-order rogue wave solutions agree with the solutions obtained so far by the Darboux transformation. In spite of the very complicated solution form compared with the ones of many other integrable equations, the third-order rogue waves exhibit two configurations: either a triangle or a distorted pentagon. Both the types and configurations of the third-order rogue waves are determined by different choices of free parameters. As the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is a limiting case of the SS equation, it is shown that the degeneration of the first-order rogue wave of the SS equation converges to the Peregrine soliton.
Prediction of drought vulnerability and its mitigation measures in the Northern Coast of Java, Indonesia
Authors: Auliyani Diah , Wahyuningrum Nining , Budi Supangat Agung , Mutiara Basuki Tyas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change causes hydrometeorological disasters in Indonesia more frequently happen. One of them is drought. Drought reduces water availability and decreases agricultural production. It is necessary to select soil and water conservation techniques according to the level of vulnerability to mitigate losses. We researched Capluk Watershed which is often experiencing drought. The watershed is located on the Northern Coast of Java. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the level of drought vulnerability and (2) to recommend drought mitigation measures. The drought vulnerability was analyzed spatially using a modification method proposed by Pramono and Savitri in 2019. The data used included rainfall, the number of dry months, actual annual evapotranspiration, geological formations, land systems, and distance to surface water sources. The analysis shows that 73% of the Capluk Watershed has a moderate vulnerability level to drought. The high level of vulnerability only exists in the upstream area, which is part of the karst landscape. We suggest that drought management focuses on the areas with moderate and high vulnerability levels. The community has been conducted water conservation by making ponds in the agricultural land and wells as water storage structures in the residential areas. In addition, we recommend several vegetative techniques such as planting annual crops with low evapotranspiration, and reforestation using Multi-purpose Tree Species (MPTS) or tree species with low evapotranspiration rates.
The role of agricultural extension workers’ competency in climate scenarios through farm services centers (FSCS) in improving the yield and performance of targeted farming community (A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Authors: Zafarullah Khan Muhammad , Khan Ayesha , Pervaiz Urooba , Farooq Arshad , Saqib Raheel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pakistan is sensitive to climate change and has started billion tsunami trees project in forest and many other approaches in Agriculture Extension like privatization, decentralization, and public-private partnership which has received more attention for competencies of extension workers to educate farmers for longer summer to adjust for crop. Farm Services Centers (FSCs) motivate agriculture extension agents to enhance competency in present less precipitation for improving crops’ growth initiated in Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Member farmers of 400 from five districts named Swat, Dir Lower, Swabi, Mansehra and Dera Ismail Khan of province were selected for data collection. Findings revealed that land-hold size of majority (94%) was less than 100 acres registered with FSCs from five years while limited respondents got membership for more than 10 years. Agricultural extension agents were the main source of awareness and motivation followed by fellow farmers for FSC membership. Cultivator, land leveler, boom sprayer, mold board plough, and wheat, rice, maize and tomato were the most commonly provided inputs to member farmers to improve their competency for getting higher yield with by competent extension workers in present rise of temperature. A Significant increase in yield of major crops such as wheat, rice, maize, gram and tomato were observed before and after registration in FSCs. It is recommended that non-member farmers should be motivated for membership in FSCs as majority of member farmers increased yield of major crops after registration to observe climatic factors which affected all stages of crop growth along with lands suitable agriculturally with proper precipitation and temperature.
The effectiveness of organic fertilizer from natural dyes waste on the growth of Indigofera tinctoria L.
Authors: Budiastuti M T S , Thaidy S , Sulistyo T D , Manurung I R , Setyaningrum D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Indigofera tinctoria natural dye extraction waste has not been utilized become environmental pollution can encourage climate change. Climate change causes land degradation and decreased crop productivity. Management of the waste into organic fertilizer and used in plant cultivation need to mitigate climate change. This study aimed to examine the role of organic fertilizer from natural dye waste in obtaining the optimum dose in supporting the growth of Indigofera tinctoria. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with one factor, namely the dose of organic fertilizer from the extraction of Indigofera tinctoria L. with 11 levels (0 g/plant, 50 g/plant, 100 g/plant, 150 g/plant, 200 g/plant, 250 g/plant, 300 g/plant, 350 g/plant, 400 g/plant, 450 g/plant, and 500 g/plant). The results showed that the natural dye extraction waste could be used as organic fertilizer to support the growth of Indigofera tinctoria. Application of organic fertilizer at a dose of 50 g/plant showed an increase in the plant height of 14% and number of leaves by 124%. The dose of organic fertilizer of 350 g/plant is the optimum dose in producing the high number of leaves, leaf area index, and plant biomass.
Morphology and physiology of Echinacea purpurea in the vegetative phase result of gamma ray irradiation
Authors: Nur Hanifah Wafa’ , Nandariyah  , Widiyastuti Yuli , Yunus Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Coneflower is a medicinal plant that was introduced from North America. This plant is useful as an immunomodulator, which can protect the human body’s immune system from extreme climate change. Coneflower plants in Indonesia are generally grown in highlands that have low temperatures as in their native areas. Indonesia’s tropical environmental conditions, especially in the lowlands, and increasing temperatures as part of global warming are a concern for coneflower cultivation because high climate differences can affect plant growth and physiology. One of the efforts to improve plant properties to obtain plants that are suitable for living in a high-temperature environment can be done by gamma-ray irradiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and physiology of the Coneflower plant irradiated by gamma rays. The study was conducted using a simple design experiment method by planting the population per treatment into successive plots. The seeds used were Coneflower plant accession 2 seeds from the Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicines Research and Development Centre (B2P2TOOT) Tawangmangu. The irradiation doses used were 0 (control), 5Gy, 15Gy, and 25Gy. The results showed the highest plant height, and the number of leaves on 15 Gy irradiated plants. The highest total chlorophyll content was in 5Gy irradiated plants, while the highest leaf area was in 25Gy irradiated plants. Morphology and physiology of irradiated plants showed greater growth than control plants.
The role of soybean agroforestry in mitigating climate change in Indonesia
Authors: Purnomo Djoko , Theresia Sri Budiastuti Maria , Setyaningrum Desy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change is a global problem that has an impact on food production. Protein needs for people in developing countries such as Indonesia have not been fulfilled optimally. Indonesian people’s protein consumption is still at 65.7%, much lower than it should be. The development of soybean cultivation as a source of vegetable protein is very potential. This article aims to examine the role of soybean agroforestry to meet human protein needs and as an effort to mitigate climate change.In Indonesia, soybean development is constrained by people’s views; soybean is not the main crop and the rate of land conversion. An effort to overcome the limitation of optimum land according to the growing season is the development of soybean cultivation under forest stands as an agroforestry system. In Indonesia, there are production forests, including teak, pine, sengon, and resin, especially in teak, pine, and sengon forests, soybean cultivation with agroforestry systems has developed. The main obstacle to cultivation in the agroforestry system is low light due to the shade of the tree canopy. It requires efforts: tree spacing, especially between rows, trimming the tree canopy when the canopy is getting tighter, and low light tolerant plant varieties. Soybeans are low-light tolerant plants. The national average soybean production of about 1.5 tons ha-1 can be achieved in teak-based agroforestry systems up to 3-4 years old tree, pine-based up to 3 years old, and sengon-based up to 5 years old. The agroforestry system has the potential as land for the cultivation of organic plants in mitigating the impacts of climate change.
Optimization of the utilization of blood meal with palm oil fronds absorbance fermented as feed stuff to changes of nutrition content
Authors: Imsya Afnur , Riswandi  , Yaqub  
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The utilization of agricultural and livestock waste by-products, apart from being an alternative feed ingredient, can also reduce environmental pollution. Palm fronds as a by-product of oil palm plantations are rarely utilized and most of them will be burned and couraging climate change phenomenon. Cattle blood is a by-product of abattoirs that directly impact the environment. Most of the cattle blood not used efficiently, and pollutes the environment. The research aims to increase the use of blood meal with the absorbance of palm fronds fermented as feedstuff on changes in nutritional content. The study used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern. Factor A is the inoculant treatment, namely A1: Bacillus amylolytic flavacient bacteria A2: Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria, factor B is the incubation time, namely: B1 = 0 hours; B2 = 60 hours and B3 = 120 hours., each treatment was repeated 3 times respectively. Parameters observed were nutrient content based on proximate analysis The results showed that there was interaction between the type of inoculant and the incubation time used in fermenting blood meal with the absorbance of palm fronds. Incubation time had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the content of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber and crude protein, while the incubation time had no significant effect on (P>0.05) crude fat content. Based on the results of the study, it was found that in blood meal with absorbent palm oil fronds, Lactobacillus plantarum inoculants with an incubation times of 120 days gave the best results in blood meal with absorbance palm oil fronds fermented.
Raster correlation method for vegetation density and surface temperature in Kupang City
Authors: Rahmawati Arfita , Theo Tomi Pamungkas Bella 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of urban heat is caused by global warming that occurred in Kupang City. This causes changes in vegetation density and microclimate especially surface temperature. The study aims to known determine the value of vegetation density and surface temperature in Kupang City in 2010, 2015, and 2021. The raster correlation method was used to study the changes in vegetation density and surface temperature in Kupang City. The research was using the data from Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery in 2010, Landsat 8 OLI TIRS in 2015, and 2020. The changes in vegetation density in the Kupang City area could be seen from the results of processing the satellite image data obtained in 2010 was medium vegetation (the vegetated land cover was in the form of coconut plantation and mixed plantation), in 2015 and 2020 was dominated by low vegetation (grasses and bushes). The results of this study showed that in 2010 the dominant temperature class was 26°C - 28°C. However, the temperature class increased until 2015 and 2020 where the dominant temperature was 29°C - 31°C. The regression coefficient value is negative, the meaning is when the vegetation is denser, the surface temperature value will be lower.
Decision-making in climate change adaptation through a cross-sectoral approach: review
Authors: Lamichhane Aastha , Khoiru Zaki Muhamad , Okiria Emmanuel , Noda Keigo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change adaptation (CCA) is an emerging topic in recent years since global temperature is continuing to rise and posing threats to natural biodiversity and human life. Its diverse nature requires efforts from a broad range of sectors to cope or adjust. This review paper aims to systematically study the cross-sectoral approaches in CCA decision making and develop probable strengths and shortcomings of those approaches. Literatures concerned with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method, or Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) are reviewed since it is considered as a holistic approach to integrate multiple sectors and combine monetary and non-monetary terms prevailing in sectoral and regional aspects, mainly in agriculture and water resource management. The literatures were searched through Scopus and PRISMA method was adopted to systematically refine the published articles based on our criteria. Out of 383 articles discovered, 139 were related to CCA out of which, 33 articles which applied MCA as their methodological approach were shortlisted for the core study. The result showed that MCA is extensively used in CCA decision making, prioritizing options, and formulating adaptation strategies at local and regional scale and considered as a flexible, transparent, and effective method because of an active engagement of stakeholders and experts’ judgement. But its inability to address the underlying uncertainties of climate change scenario is one of the major drawbacks seen. Thus, many literatures suggest incorporating Sensitivity analysis, Dynamic Adaptive Pathways, Real Option Analysis, or Robust Decision-Making Analysis with MCA to overcome those deep uncertainties.
Diurnal rainfall cycle on small tropical island as seen by the 20 years half-hourly GPM-IMERG Satellite precipitation product
Authors: Putu Winsen Putra Arsana I , As-syakur Abd. Rahman , Bagus Mandhara Brasika Ida , Wayan Andi Yuda I , Satya Mas Bagus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The diurnal rainfall cycle is one of the dominant factors causing the high variability of convection activity in the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) and vulnerable to climate change. Research on diurnal rainfall cycles in small tropical islands (areas less than 6150 km2), such as in the IMC is important because of the lack of understanding of its characteristics. The aims of current study are to investigate spatial characteristics of the diurnal rainfall cycle over Bali and their surrounding islands using half-hourly rainfall that estimated from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) for the period 2001-2020. Statistical scores employed to analyse the diurnal rainfall cycle characteristics is means analysis that done during year observation on long-term half-hourly and annually. The result of half-hourly IMERG rainfall estimation confirms for the first time that the rainfall in Bali contributes to the diurnal rainfall variability over the eastern part of Java Island. In Bali, rainfall start to initiate during 1200 local time (LT, +8 UTC) mostly began in high elevation located in the central part of the island, on the southern slopes of the mountain range. Rainfall over land continues to increase and slightly spread to the west until reaches its peak in 1400 LT. Rainfall began to depletion in the central of the island and at 1530 LT spread toward the western and merged with the existing rainfall in the east of Java Island. In the night (2200 LT), rainfall leaves Bali island towards the Bali strait and Bali sea.
The “jamban systems” for water conservation in the face of climate change and their benefit to local people
Authors: Kristiyanto  , Alamsyah Mashudi , Ferry Siburian Mertua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drought occurrence is a global problem that has an impact on both ecological systems and human beings, so some of the local people, chiefly in rural areas, have tried to create water harvesting using traditional techniques, one of which is the “small reservoir” type. Those types of water conservation and water availability on a small scale, alongside it, have become one strategy for coping with drought, which is caused by climate change impacts, alongside it is part of local economic development. Hence, this research aimed to explore and identify the “Jamban system” functions of local people in their daily lives, so the direct observation and in-depth individual interviews methods, thence the analytical contents of the field data that were used to identify and analyze it, alongside its ethnographic approach. The result of this research, qualitatively, shows that “Jamban systems” have many functions, which are used in aquaculture, the aqua-plants, the water availability or stock, and they also cope with climate change impacts. These were part of the multifunction that is used by the local people to meet their daily demand for family-scale water conservation, alongside the water conservation paradigm, which would be social resilience system shaped.