bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ Perceptions of their Dental Curriculum and Education
Authors: Aldweesh Aljazi , Aldhubaiban Mohammed , Alqahtani Alanoud , Almohammad Iman Emad , Al-Sehaibany Fares S. , Albarakati Sahar F. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction of dental students toward their dental curriculum and education at dental colleges in the central region of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: Two forms of the questionnaire were established, a paper version and an electronic internet-based survey (Google online form). Paper versions were distributed to interns graduated from universities in Riyadh. The electronic versions were used to obtain responses from students at dental colleges and universities outside of Riyadh, such as Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU) and Majmaah University, by emailing the links to the participants who were dental interns that had graduated in the 2018/2019 academic year.
Results: A total of 388 interns answered the questionnaire. Overall, 48.4% of the interns were highly satisfied with the Operative Department while regarding Orthodontic Department 16.9% were satisfied while 11.2% were highly satisfied. Regarding the non-clinical satisfaction score, the interns were mostly unsatisfied with their research skills (15.5%). Comparing the interns’ satisfaction at different institutions, there was a statistically significant difference in the clinical satisfaction score (P ≤0.01), but there was no difference in the non-clinical satisfaction score (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Dental students need a greater focus and exposure to research skills during their dental school studies. To improve dental students’ level of clinical satisfaction, it is more important for them to have early exposure to comprehensive clinical training than specialty-based clinical training.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5183
How to cite this:Aldweesh AH, Aldhubaiban M, Alqahtani A, Almohammad IE, Al-Sehaibany FS, Albarakati SF. Students’ Perceptions of their Dental Curriculum and Education. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):1441-1446. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5183
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of Critical Thinking among undergraduate medical students of Conventional and Integrated curricula in Twin Cities
Authors: Sughra Ume , Usmani Ambreen 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To compare critical thinking of undergraduate medical students of institutes following traditional and integrated curriculum at Twin cities.
Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted in medical colleges of Twin Cities from February 2021 till August 2021. Two medical colleges one with conventional and other with integrated mode of curriculum were included. One hundred medical students were selected by simple random sampling from each conventional and integrated medical college. Free critical thinking test tool was used for data collection. The tool was composed of five sections, Arguments, Assumptions, Deductions, Inferences and interpreting information. Data entry and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Chi-Square test of independence was run to determine the association of critical thinking with type of curriculum. Independent sample t-test was applied to find out the mean difference in the critical thinking of medical students following the two different curriculums.
Results: In current study 200 students were included. Majority were females (n= 155, 77.5%). The overall percentage of good critical thinking was found to be 49%. Majority of the students (n=57, 58.2%) having good critical thinking were found associated with integrated curriculum (p < 0.024, OR= 0.524, 95% CI= 0.3 - 0.92). There was statistically significant difference of critical thinking between institutes following two different curriculum strategies. Total critical thinking score was also found statistically significantly [MD= 5.00, 95% CI, (-1.05-8.96), p<0.013], more with integrated curriculum (133.48±15.6) as compared to conventional curriculum (128.47 ± 11.43).
Conclusion: Critical thinking was found high among the students with the integrated curriculum as compared to the conventional.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5409
How to cite this:Sughra U, Usmani A. Comparison of Critical Thinking among undergraduate medical students of Conventional and Integrated curricula in Twin Cities. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):1453-1459. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5409
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of Tigecycline combined with Cefoperazone on bacterial clearance and serum biochemical indexes in patients with pulmonary infections in ICU
Authors: Li Nina , Zhang Huiyan 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effects of tigecycline combined with Cefoperazone on bacterial clearance and the expression of serum biochemical indexes [C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count (WBC) and procalcitonin (PCT)] in patients with infection in an intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods: The clinical data of 79 patients with pulmonary infections within the ICU of Chenzhou first people’s Hospital from October 2019 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. From the total, 38 patients received intravenous drip of Cefoperazone (control group), and 41 patients received intravenous drip of Cefoperazone and tigecycline (observation group). The treatment effect, bacterial clearance effect, serum biochemical index level and adverse reactions of the two groups were counted before and after treatment.
Results: The total efficacy in the observation group (95.12%) was higher than that of the control group (78.95%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the bacterial clearance rate in the observation group (87.04%) was higher than that in the control group (66.67%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of CRP, WBC and PCT in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group (9.76%) and the control group (5.26%) (P>0.05).
Conclusions: The combination of Cefoperazone and tigecycline in the treatment of ICU infection can effectively improve the treatment effect of the disease, have a significant bacterial clearance effect, and can reduce the serum levels of CRP, WBC and PCT.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5872
How to cite this:Li N, Zhang H. Effects of Tigecycline combined with Cefoperazone on bacterial clearance and serum biochemical indexes in patients with pulmonary infections in ICU. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):1622-1626. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5872
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
FEATURES OF SKIN MICROCIRCULATION IN RATS OF DIFFERENT SEX AND AGE
Authors: Andreeva Irina V. , Telia Vladimir D. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Investigate the parameters of skin microcirculation of rats of different sex and age by laser Doppler flowmetry.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 60 mongrel rats of both sexes weighing 120-270 g. The first group included 20 rats aged 1 month, the second – 20 rats aged 6-12 months and the third – 20 rats aged more than 18-24 months. Microcirculation was studied using a laser Doppler flowmeter with zoletil-xylazine anesthesia on the skin of the anterior abdominal wall. Statistical analysis was performed using the application package Statistica 13.0 (StatSoft, USA).
Results. The microcirculation index was slightly higher in males than in females rats in the skin of the animals’ abdomen. In the 1st age group, this difference was 8.96% (R=-0.27), in the 2nd - 4.19% (R=0.09), in the 3rd – 0.62% (R=-0.13). The myogenic tone index was consistently lower in males than in females – by 59.73% in 1st (R=0.12), by 9.86% in 2nd (R=0.20) and by 8.84% (R=0.46) in the 3rd age group. The microcirculation index was decreased by 11.15% (R=0.75) between 1st and 2nd age groups, by 39.04% (R=0.29) between 1st and 3rd age groups. The index ϭ (variable component of the microcirculation index) was increased in animals of the 2nd and 3rd groups. It indicated the preservation of the mechanisms of modulation of cutaneous blood flow in aged animals.
Conclusion. There was no statistically significant dependence of the microcirculation index in the skin of the abdomen on the sex of the animals. The basic parameters of microcirculation and the amplitude-frequency spectrum were decreased in aged animals.
THE EFFECT OF GAS FLOWS OF VARIOUS DEGREES OF IONIZATION ON THE DIELECTRIC PARAMETERS OF BLOOD IN VITRO
Authors: Martusevich Andrew K. , Eminova Hadija A. , Golygina Elena S. , Nazarov Vladimir V. 
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the dielectric properties of blood when treated with various ionized and non-ionized gas streams.
Material and methods. The effects of gas flows were studied on 10 whole blood samples of practically healthy volunteers divided into 5 portions (control, treatment with helium, argon and cold plasma obtained from them for 1 min.). The dielectric properties of the biological fluid were studied by microwave dielectrometry on the permeability and conductivity of the biological fluid.
Results. It was revealed that the presence of ionization and the type of carrier gas directly determine the nature of their effect on a model biological object (whole blood). It has been found that non-ionized helium and argon fluxes increase the permeability of the biological fluid without affecting its conductivity. On the contrary, ionized flows demonstrate more pronounced and specific shifts in the dielectric characteristics of blood. Helium cold plasma significantly increases the conductivity of the biological fluid while maintaining its conductivity, and argon plasma reduces both studied indicators.
Prehospital administration of calcium in trauma
Authors: Blackney Dean 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCalcium depletion in haemorrhagic shock is associated with pathophysiology detrimental to survival.AimThe purpose of this systematic literature review was to determine whether paramedic administration of calcium for haemorrhagic shock could reduce trauma morbidity and mortality.MethodThe MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were searched for publications relevant to hypocalcaemia management in traumatic haemorrhage.FindingsFourteen peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. These examined incidence, morbidity, mortality and treatment options for hypocalcaemia associated with traumatic haemorrhage. Paramedicine can play a key role in managing hypocalcaemia early and determining the effect this has on improving patient outcomes from severe trauma.ConclusionThe findings in this review link hypocalcaemia to poor yet potentially modifiable outcomes in trauma. Ambulance services should consider empiric treatment with calcium when shocked patients are expected to receive blood transfusion for traumatic haemorrhage.
Cervical lesion proportion measure using a digital gridded imaging technique to assess cervical pathology in women with genital schistosomiasis
Authors: Arenholt Louise Thomsen Schmidt , Aaroe Katrina Kaestel , Norderud Kanutte , Lumholdt Mads , Randrianasolo Bodo Sahondra , Ramarokoto Charles Emile , Rabozakandraina Oliva , Broennum Dorthe , Feldmeier Hermann , Leutscher Peter Derek Christian 
Published: July 2022

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is characterized by a pattern of lesions which manifest at the cervix and the vagina, such as homogeneous and grainy sandy patches, rubbery papules in addition to neovascularization. A tool for quantification of the lesions is needed to improve FGS research and control programs. Hitherto, no tools are available to quantify clinical pathology at the cervix in a standardized and reproducible manner. This study aimed to develop and validate a cervical lesion proportion (CLP) measure for quantification of cervical pathology in FGS. A digital imaging technique was applied in which a grid containing 424 identical squares was positioned on high resolution digital images from the cervix of 70 women with FGS. CLP was measured for each image by observers counting the total number of squares containing at least one type of FGS associated lesion. For assessment of inter- and intra-observer reliability, three different observers measured CLP independently. In addition, a rubbery papule count (RPC) was determined in a similar manner. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94 (excellent) for the CLP inter-rater reliability and 0.90 (good) for intra-rater reliability and the coefficients for the RPC were 0.88 and 0.80 (good), respectively. The CLP facilitated a reliable and reproducible quantification of FGS associated lesions of the cervix. In the future, grading of cervical pathology by CLP may provide insight into the natural course of schistosome egg-induced pathology of the cervix and may have a role in assessing praziquantel treatment efficacy against FGS.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, trial number NCT04115072; trial URL https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04115072?term=Female+genital+schistosomiasis+AND+Madagascar&draw=2&rank=1.
Transmission and diversity of Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis and their freshwater intermediate snail hosts Bulinus globosus and B. nasutus in the Zanzibar Archipelago, United Republic of Tanzania
Authors: Pennance Tom , Ame Shaali Makame , Amour Amour Khamis , Suleiman Khamis Rashid , Muhsin Mtumweni Ali , Kabole Fatma , Ali Said Mohammed , Archer John , Allan Fiona , Emery Aidan , Rabone Muriel , Knopp Stefanie , Rollinson David , Cable Joanne , Webster Bonnie L. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe Zanzibar Archipelago (Pemba and Unguja islands) is targeted for the elimination of human urogenital schistosomiasis caused by infection withSchistosoma haematobiumwhere the intermediate snail host isBulinus globosus. Following multiple studies, it has remained unclear ifB.nasutus(a snail species that occupies geographically distinct regions on the Archipelago) is involved inS.haematobiumtransmission on Zanzibar. Additionally,S.haematobiumwas thought to be the onlySchistosomaspecies present on the Zanzibar Archipelago until the sympatric transmission ofS.bovis, a parasite of ruminants, was recently identified. Here we re-assess the epidemiology of schistosomiasis on Pemba and Unguja together with the role and genetic diversity of theBulinusspp. involved in transmission.Methodology/Principal findingsMalacological and parasitological surveys were conducted between 2016 and 2019. In total, 11,116Bulinusspp. snails were collected from 65 of 112 freshwater bodies surveyed.Bulinusspecies identification were determined using mitochondrialcox1 sequences for a representative subset of collectedBulinus(n = 504) and together with archived museum specimens (n = 6), 433B.globosusand 77B.nasutuswere identified. Phylogenetic analysis ofcox1 haplotypes revealed three distinct populations ofB.globosus, two with an overlapping distribution on Pemba and one on Unguja. ForB.nasutus, only a single clade with matching haplotypes was observed across the islands and included reference sequences from Kenya.Schistosoma haematobiumcercariae (n = 158) were identified from 12 infectedB.globosusand oneB.nasutuscollected between 2016 and 2019 in Pemba, and cercariae originating from 69Bulinusspp. archived in museum collections.Schistosoma boviscercariae (n = 21) were identified from seven additionalB.globosuscollected between 2016 and 2019 in Pemba. By analysing a partial mitochondrialcox1 region and the nuclear ITS (1–5.8S-2) rDNA region ofSchistosomacercariae, we identified 18S.haematobiumand threeS.bovishaplotypes representing populations associated with mainland Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands (Zanzibar, Madagascar, Mauritius and Mafia).Conclusions/SignificanceThe individualB.nasutuson Pemba infected withS.haematobiumdemonstrates thatB.nasutuscould also play a role in the local transmission ofS.haematobium. We provide preliminary evidence that intraspecific variability ofS.haematobiumon Pemba may increase the transmission potential ofS.haematobiumlocally due to the expanded intermediate host range, and that the presence ofS.boviscomplicates the environmental surveillance of schistosome infections.
Assessment of anemia and associated risk factors among children under-five years old in the West Guji Zone, southern Ethiopia: Hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Aliyo Alqeer , Jibril Abdurezak 
Published: July 2022

Background
Anemia adversely affects children’s mental, physical and social development, particularly in Africa. In the early stages of life, it leads to severe negative consequences on the cognitive, growth and development of children.

Objective
This study aimed to assess anemia and associated risk factors among children under-five years old in the West Guji Zone, southern Ethiopia, from October to November 2020.

Method
A hospital-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted at Bule Hora General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. A convenience sampling technique was used to include 375 under-five children enrolled in the study. The pretested structure questionnaire was used to collect socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of study individuals after taking appropriate written informed consent. Then, a venous blood sample was collected from each child and analyzed for hemoglobin determination using a Midray BC 3000 Plus machine. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify associated factors of anemia. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result
The overall prevalence of anemia among under-five children was 13.2% (50) [95% CI = 5.2–21.2%]. Among anemic children under-five years of age, 12% (6) had mild anemia, 32% (16) had moderate anemia and 56% (28) had severe anemia. In this study, anemia was significantly associated with a history of intestinal protozoan infection [AOR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.28–10.42], malaria infection [AOR = 5.01, 95% CI = 0.18–11.44] and soil-transmitted helminths infection [AOR = 6.39, 95% CI = 1.75–29.08].

Conclusion
The prevalence of anemia among under-five children was found to be low in the study area; however, the majority of anemic children were in a severe stage. It could be managed by preventing malaria infection, intestinal protozoa and soil-transmitted helminthic infection.
Hallgatói kiégés szindróma a poszt-COVID-19 időszakban
Authors: Di Blasio Barbara , Szigeti Mónika Veronika 
Published: July 2022

Tanulmányunk célkitűzése, hogy bemutassa a poszt-COVID időszakában az egyetemi hallgatók bizonyos körében a depresszió és kiégés prevalenciáját. A nemzetközi szakirodalomban gyakori téma az egyetemi hallgatók pszichés állapotának és a veszélyeztető tényezők felmérése az életminőségük megtartása vagy javítása érdekében. Keresztmetszeti vizsgálatunk a nappali tagozatos gyógypedagógia szakos hallgatók körében zajlott. Mivel ez a hallgatói csoport segítő hivatásra készül, ezért különösen fontos, hogy milyen megküzdési erőforrásokkal rendelkeznek az előttük tornyosuló nehézségek és szakmai kihívások leküzdésére. Vizsgálatunk célja, a hallgatói kiégés és a depresszió szintjének megismerése, az intézményi rizikó-, valamint védőtényezők feltárása.
Módszer: a depressziót a rövidített Beck Depresszió Kérdőívvel (Kopp-Fóris 1993), a kiégést a Maslach Kiégés Teszttel mértük, emellett a Pszichológiai Immunrendszer Felmérést (Oláh 2005), és a Megküzdési Módok Kérdőívet (Lazarus) önkitöltős adatfelvétellel végeztük el. Eredményeink jelzik, hogy határozott pszichoedukációs beavatkozásra van szüksége hallgatóinknak a jóllétük megtartása és a jövőbeli szakmai hatékonyságuk érdekében.
Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated With Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Authors: Gouveia Pedro Alves da Cruz , Leal Maria Teresa de Souza Portela , Rampche Sylene 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis presents liver abnormalities usually associated with hepatitis C. We report a case of a 27-year-old woman with cryoglobulinemia and liver dysfunction secondary to autoimmune hepatitis. The patient developed purpura on the lower extremities and elevated aminotransferases. The investigation of hepatitis C was negative. Autoimmune hepatitis was confirmed by positive ANA, hypergammaglobulinemia, and compatible histological changes. Treatment with prednisone and azathioprine regressed cutaneous vasculitis and decreased aminotransferases. This case describes a rare association of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and autoimmune hepatitis.
Politische Bildung in Bibliotheken: Herausforderungen und Potenziale
Authors: Rethmann Anne 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel knüpft an Arbeiten in den Bibliothekswissenschaften an, die sich mit dem Verhältnis von Demokratie und Bibliotheken sowie einer politischen Theorie der Bibliotheken beschäftigen. Im Gegensatz zu dem Gros der Arbeiten, die sich auf die Öffentlichkeitsfunktion von Bibliotheken fokussieren, soll hier verstärkt das Individuum ins Zentrum gerückt werden. In einem zweiten Schritt diskutiert die Autorin die Frage nach dem Bedeutungsgehalt einer gegenwärtigen politischen Bildung, um schließlich eine strategische Einbindung von Bibliotheken in diesem Bereich vorzuschlagen.
Forschungsinformationssysteme und Ethik: eine doppelte Herausforderung
Authors: Azeroual Otmane , Schöpfel Joachim 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Forschungsinformationssysteme evaluieren Forschungsleistungen und sollen zur kontinuierlichen Verbesserung der Forschung beitragen. Basierend auf einer Online-Umfrage und auf Interviews mit Experten der Organisation euroCRIS, gibt dieser Beitrag einen Überblick über die ethischen Aspekte im Bereich des Forschungsinformationsmanagements und zeigt, wie Forschungsinformationssysteme einerseits ethische Dimensionen der wissenschaftlichen Forschung darstellen und wie deren Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Funktionsweise andererseits den üblichen ethischen Standards entsprechen sollten.
Unterschiede im Informationssuchverhalten zwischen Digital Natives und deren Eltern
Authors: Amrhein Joane , Gottfried Karin 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel dieser Studie war, Unterschiede im Informationssuchverhalten zwischen Digital Natives und deren Elterngeneration festzustellen. Im Fokus standen Formulierung, Länge und die zur Formulierung der Suchanfragen benötigte Zeit. Hierzu wurden zwölf Probanden jeweils drei Aufgaben zu den Suchanfragetypen nach Broder gestellt. Die Probanden der Elterngeneration standen jeweils in einer Eltern-Kind-Beziehung mit den Probanden der Digital Natives Generation. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass die Suchanfragen der Digital Natives im Schnitt kürzer waren und häufiger angepasst wurden. Die Elterngeneration formulierte etwas längere Suchanfragen und passte diese weniger oft an. Die Digital Natives waren sowohl beim Überlegen und beim Tippen einer Suchanfrage als auch beim Finden eines Suchergebnisses schneller als ihre Eltern. Über Syntax und Wortgebrauch gab es innerfamiliär keine nennenswerten Erkenntnisse. Generationsübergreifend war festzustellen, dass die Suchanfragen am häufigsten mit Schlagwörtern formuliert wurden und sich Muster in den Suchstilen der unterschiedlichen Suchanfragetypen erkennen lassen.