bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Study between Polymorphisms in DNA Methylation–Related Genes and Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Risk
Authors: Grasso Chiara , Popovic Maja , Isaevska Elena , Lazzarato Fulvio , Fiano Valentina , Zugna Daniela , Pluta John , Weathers Benita , D'Andrea Kurt , Almstrup Kristian , Anson-Cartwright Lynn , Bishop D. Timothy , Chanock Stephen J. , Chen Chu , Cortessis Victoria K. , Dalgaard Marlene D. , Daneshmand Siamak , Ferlin Alberto , Foresta Carlo , Frone Megan N. , Gamulin Marija , Gietema Jourik A. , Greene Mark H. , Grotmol Tom , Hamilton Robert J. , Haugen Trine B. , Hauser Russ , Karlsson Robert , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Lessel Davor , Lista Patrizia , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Loveday Chey , Meijer Coby , Nead Kevin T. , Nsengimana Jérémie , Skotheim Rolf I. , Turnbull Clare , Vaughn David J. , Wiklund Fredrik , Zheng Tongzhang , Zitella Andrea , Schwartz Stephen M. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Kanetsky Peter A. , Nathanson Katherine L. , Richiardi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground:Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), histologically classified as seminomas and nonseminomas, are believed to arise from primordial gonocytes, with the maturation process blocked when they are subjected to DNA methylation reprogramming. SNPs in DNA methylation machinery and folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism genes have been postulated to influence the proper establishment of DNA methylation.Methods:In this pathway-focused investigation, we evaluated the association between 273 selected tag SNPs from 28 DNA methylation–related genes and TGCT risk. We carried out association analysis at individual SNP and gene-based level using summary statistics from the Genome Wide Association Study meta-analysis recently conducted by the international Testicular Cancer Consortium on 10,156 TGCT cases and 179,683 controls.Results:In individual SNP analyses, seven SNPs, four mapping within MTHFR, were associated with TGCT risk after correction for multiple testing (q ≤ 0.05). Queries of public databases showed that three of these SNPs were associated with MTHFR changes in enzymatic activity (rs1801133) or expression level in testis tissue (rs12121543, rs1476413). Gene-based analyses revealed MTHFR (q = 8.4 × 10–4), methyl-CpG–binding protein 2 (MECP2; q = 2 × 10–3), and ZBTB4 (q = 0.03) as the top TGCT-associated genes. Stratifying by tumor histology, four MTHFR SNPs were associated with seminoma. In gene-based analysis MTHFR was associated with risk of seminoma (q = 2.8 × 10–4), but not with nonseminomatous tumors (q = 0.22).Conclusions:Genetic variants within MTHFR, potentially having an impact on the DNA methylation pattern, are associated with TGCT risk.Impact:This finding suggests that TGCT pathogenesis could be associated with the folate cycle status, and this relation could be partly due to hereditary factors.
Association of Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases With Hospitalization for COVID‐19: A Nationwide Matched Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Bouillon Kim , Baricault Bérangère , Semenzato Laura , Botton Jérémie , Bertrand Marion , Drouin Jérôme , Dray‐Spira Rosemary , Weill Alain , Zureik Mahmoud 
Published: June 2022

Background
There is little evidence on the relationship between statin use and the risk of hospitalization attributable to COVID‐19.

Methods and Results
The French National Healthcare Data System database was used to conduct a matched‐cohort study. For each adult aged ≥40 years receiving statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, one nonuser was randomly selected and matched for year of birth, sex, residence area, and comorbidities. The association between statin use and hospitalization for COVID‐19 was examined using conditional Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and long‐term medications. Its association with in‐hospital death from COVID‐19 was also explored. All participants were followed up from February 15, 2020, to June 15, 2020. The matching procedure generated 2 058 249 adults in the statin group and 2 058 249 in the control group, composed of 46.6% of men with a mean age of 68.7 years. Statin users had a 16% lower risk of hospitalization for COVID‐19 than nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88). All types of statins were significantly associated with a lower risk of hospitalization, with the adjusted HR ranging from 0.75 for fluvastatin to 0.89 for atorvastatin. Low‐ and moderate‐intensity statins also showed a lower risk compared with nonusers (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.71–0.86] and HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.80–0.89], respectively), whereas high‐intensity statins did not (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.86–1.18). We found similar results with in‐hospital death from COVID‐19.

Conclusions
Our findings support that the use of statins for primary prevention is associated with lower risks of hospitalization for COVID‐19 and of in‐hospital death from COVID‐19.
Discovery, Pursuit, and Justification
Authors: Franklin Allan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article I suggest a tripartite classification of scientific activity; discovery, pursuit, and justification. I believe that such a classification can give us a more adequate description of scientific practice, help illuminate the various roles that evidence plays in science, and may also help to partially resolve differences between “constructivist” and “epistemologist” views of science. I argue that although factors suggested by the constructivists such as career goals, professional interests, utility for future practice, and agreement with existing commitments do enter into pursuit, it is experimental evidence that is decisive in justification. I illustrate this with two case studies from the history of contemporary science, experiments on atomic parity violation and their relation to the Weinberg-Salam unified theory of electroweak interactions and the fifth force in gravity. I also answer some of the criticisms offered of my earlier account of the episode of atomic parity violation.
Covid-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Determinant Factors among General Public in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alemayehu Astawus , Demissie Abebaw , Yusuf Mohammed , Gemechu Lencha Abebe , Oljira Lemessa 
Published: June 2022

Background Vaccines are an effective and ideal solution that can reduce the burden of disease worldwide. Although vaccines are the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. Anti-vaccine conspiracy theories impair vaccination acceptance intentions. Several studies were conducted in East Africa. However, these studies had reported inconsistent findings. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to pool the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and identify its determinants. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, and GLOBAL HEALTH databases were used to retrieve previously published studies. All papers published in the English language up to February 28, 2022 were included. The result was written and reported according to the PRISMA updated guideline. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and effect sizes. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 test statistics. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and egger’s test statistics. Statistical tests result at P-value<0.05 were declared as having significance. Result: A total of 25 Cross-sectional studies with a total sample size of 33,044 were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of Covid-19 vaccine acceptance was 60.2%, (95%CI: 52.8- 67.3). Egger’s test statistics (P = 0.003) showed there is a significant publication bias. Attending above secondary school (AOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.37, 2.96), having good knowledge about the vaccine (AOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.6, 2.8), having a positive attitude towards vaccine (AOR: 3.8, 95%CI: 2.3, 6.2), history of COVID-19 infection (AOR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.6, 4.7) and being male (AOR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.7) were found to have a significant association with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusion The COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rate was good, but it could be improved. The findings could help governments to figure out the best way to carry out COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns. There is a lack of data in most countries. Therefore, we suggest more studies be conducted in the future.
Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of Nerium indicum L. elaborates the key pathways that are activated in response to witches’ broom disease
Authors: Wang Shengjie , Wang Shengkun , Li Ming , Su Yuhang , Sun Zhan , Ma Haibin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNerium indicumMill. is an ornamental plant that is found in parks, riversides, lakesides, and scenic areas in China and other parts of the world. Our recent survey indicated the prevalence of witches’ broom disease (WBD) in Guangdong, China. To find out the possible defense strategies against WBD, we performed a MiSeq based ITS sequencing to identify the possible casual organism, then did a de novo transcriptome sequencing and metabolome profiling in the phloem and stem tip ofN. indicumplants suffering from WBD compared to healthy ones.ResultsThe survey showed that Wengyuen county and Zengcheng district had the highest disease incidence rates. The most prevalent microbial species in the diseased tissues wasCophinforma mamane. The transcriptome sequencing resulted in the identification of 191,224 unigenes of which 142,396 could be annotated. There were 19,031 and 13,284 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between diseased phloem (NOWP) and healthy phloem (NOHP), and diseased stem (NOWS) and healthy stem (NOHS), respectively. The DEGs were enriched in MAPK-signaling (plant), plant-pathogen interaction, plant-hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, linoleic acid and α-linoleic acid metabolism pathways. Particularly, we found thatN. indicumplants activated the phytohormone signaling, MAPK-signaling cascade, defense related proteins, and the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids as defense responses to the pathogenic infection. The metabolome profiling identified 586 metabolites of which 386 and 324 metabolites were differentially accumulated in NOHP vs NOWP and NOHS and NOWS, respectively. The differential accumulation of metabolites related to phytohormone signaling, linoleic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and citrate cycle was observed, indicating the role of these pathways in defense responses against the pathogenic infection.ConclusionOur results showed that Guangdong province has a high incidence of WBD in most of the surveyed areas.C. mamaneis suspected to be the causing pathogen of WBD inN. indicum. N. indicuminitiated the MAPK-signaling cascade and phytohormone signaling, leading to the activation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and hypersensitive response. Furthermore,N. indicumaccumulated high concentrations of phenolic acids, coumarins and lignans, and flavonoids under WBD. These results provide scientific tools for the formulation of control strategies of WBD inN. indicum.
Genome-wide investigation of histone acetyltransferase gene family and its responses to biotic and abiotic stress in foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L.] P. Beauv)
Authors: Xing Guofang , Jin Minshan , Qu Ruifang , Zhang Jiewei , Han Yuanhuai , Han Yanqing , Wang Xingchun , Li Xukai , Ma Fangfang , Zhao Xiongwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundModification of histone acetylation is a ubiquitous and reversible process in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and plays crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression during plant development and stress responses. Histone acetylation is co-regulated by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). HAT plays an essential regulatory role in various growth and development processes by modifying the chromatin structure through interactions with other histone modifications and transcription factors in eukaryotic cells, affecting the transcription of genes. Comprehensive analyses ofHATgenes have been performed inArabidopsis thalianaandOryza sativa. However, little information is available on theHATgenes in foxtail millet (Setaria italica[L.] P.Beauv).ResultsIn this study, 24HATgenes (SiHATs) were identified and divided into four groups with conserved gene structures via motif composition analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the genes was performed to predict functional similarities betweenArabidopsis thaliana,Oryza sativa, and foxtail millet; 19 and 2 orthologous gene pairs were individually identified. Moreover, all identifiedHATgene pairs likely underwent purified selection based on their non-synonymous/synonymous nucleotide substitutions. Using published transcriptome data, we found thatSiHATgenes were preferentially expressed in some tissues and organs. Stress responses were also examined, and data showed thatSiHATgene transcription was influenced by drought, salt, low nitrogen, and low phosphorus stress, and that the expression of fourSiHATs was altered as a result of infection bySclerospora graminicola.ConclusionsResults indicated that histone acetylation may play an important role in plant growth and development and stress adaptations. These findings suggest thatSiHATsplay specific roles in the response to abiotic stress and viral infection. This study lays a foundation for further analysis of the biological functions ofSiHATsin foxtail millet.
Capability to make well-founded decisions: an interview study of people with experience of sickness absence who have common mental disorders
Authors: Andersson Christina , Jakobsson Annika , Priebe Gunilla , Elf Mikael , Fornazar Robin , Hensing Gunnel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Sickness absence and rehabilitation processes can be challenging for an individual. At a time of generally reduced capacity, the individual must comprehend and navigate through several options. The aim of this study was to investigate the prerequisites for support, knowledge and information related to decision making experienced by people on sickness absence due to common mental disorders.

Methods
A qualitative explorative approach was used. Face-to-face interviews took place with 11 sick-listed individuals with common mental disorders. Patients were recruited from different sources in the western part of Sweden, such as primary health care centres, patient organizations and via social media. Data analysis was performed using manifest content analysis, meaning that the analysis was kept close to the original text, and on a low level of interpretation and abstraction.

Results
The analysis revealed three themes that described experiences of decision making during the sick leave and rehabilitation process: Ambiguous roles challenge possibilities for moving on; Uncertain knowledge base weakens self-management; and Perceived barriers and enablers for ending sick leave.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that alternatives need to be found that address sickness absence and rehabilitation processes from a complex perspective. Collaboration between stakeholders as well as shared decision making should be considered when the time for return to work is discussed with sick-listed individuals. Other factors in the context of the individual must also be considered. Current knowledge on strategies to improve health/well-being while being in the sick leave process need to be elaborated, communicated and adapted to each individuals’ unique situation, including clarifying rights, obligations and opportunities during the sick-leave process.
Mental health of Covid-19 risk groups during the first Covid-19 lockdown in Germany: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Deimel Daniel , Köhler Thorsten , Dyba Janina , Graf Niels , Firk Christine 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic not only threatens physical health, but also affects the mental health of people. Yet, health consequences of the pandemic do not affect all members of society equally. We therefore assessed the mental health burden of individuals who are at increased risk of severe illness from Covid-19 compared to individuals who are at low risk of severe illness during the first lockdown (March, 2020) in Germany. Furthermore, we investigated variables mediating the effect of being an individual at increased risk of serve illness on depression.

Methods
Adult German residents (n = 2.369) provided responses to a cross-sectional online survey about risk factors for of severe illness from Covid-19 and various aspects of mental health during the first lockdown in Germany. For data collection, standardized and validated self-report measures were used and for data analysis Mann-Whitney U-tests as well as regression and mediation analyses were performed.

Results
The results clearly show that the mental health burden is higher among individuals at increased risk of severe illness from Covid-19 compared to individuals at low risk of severe illness from Covid-19. Moreover, our findings indicate that the association between Covid-19 risk status and depressive symptoms is mediated by concerns about mental health, anxiety and loneliness in a causal effect chain.

Conclusions
Individuals at increased risk of severe illness from Covid-19 have an increased need for psychosocial support during times of lockdown. Future public health policies should pay special attention to these individuals and support them by targeted offers. More research, however, is needed on possible long-term consequences of social distancing on mental health.
Probability for surgical treatment in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis according to the stenotic lesion severity: a 5–10-year follow-up study
Authors: Kang Dong-Ho , Lee Sanghoon , Kim Ho-Joong , Park Sang-Min , Yeom Jin S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed (1) to clarify difference in the natural history of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with respect to surgical treatment according to severity of stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using qualitative grading system and (2) to estimate surgical probabilities depending on radiological severity.

Methods
With the design of retrospective observational study, a total of 1,248 patients diagnosed with LSS between 2011 and 2014 at our hospital were followed up for the mean duration of 7.7 years (5.17–9.8 years). We investigated severity of central and foraminal stenoses on initial MRI using qualitative grading system and whether surgical treatment was performed. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for surgery.

Results
During the mean follow-up period of 7.7 years, grade 3 maximal central stenosis showed the highest percentage of surgical treatment (57.9%–62.3%) with no significant difference in surgical probabilities according to concomitant foraminal stenosis. Surgical probabilities in grade 2 and 3 maximal foraminal stenosis, were 22.2%–62.3% and 33.3%–57.9%, respectively, depending on concomitant central stenosis. Maximal central stenosis of grades 1, 2, and 3 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, 2.21, and 6.26, respectively), and maximal foraminal stenosis of grades 2 and 3 (OR: 2.22 and 2.12, respectively) were significant risk factors for surgical treatment.

Conclusions
The high grades of maximal central and foraminal stenoses were risk factors for surgical treatment. Surgical probabilities were 57.9%–62.3% in grade 3 maximal central stenosis, 22.2%–62.3% and 33.3%–57.9%, respectively, in grade 2 and 3 maximal foraminal stenosis during the mean follow-up period of 7.7 years. These results indicate that the natural history of LSS differs according to grade of maximal central and foraminal stenoses.
Knowledge and practice of nursing students regarding bioterrorism and emergency preparedness: comparison of the effects of simulations and workshop
Authors: Ghahremani Mahsa , Rooddehghan Zahra , Varaei Shokouh , Haghani Shima 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose
Bioterrorism is a global threat. Nurses are one of the first groups that should be ready for it. College years are the best time to educate these issues. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of simulation and workshop on knowledge and practice of nursing students regarding bioterrorism.

Materials and methods
This was an experimental study. The study sample consisted of 40 last-year nursing students who were randomly assigned to two groups by using random numbers table. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, bioterrorism knowledge scale, and an OSCE checklist. Before the intervention, the students completed the study questionnaires and a six-station OSCE test. The workshop group (20 students) learned how to deal with bioterrorism through lectures. The simulation group (20 students) participated in a simulation learning program. After one month, the students completed the study tools again. Finally, collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS V.16.

Results
The difference between the knowledge and performance scores of both groups (workshop and simulation), before and after the intervention, was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Students in both groups had higher knowledge and performance scores after the intervention. The simulation group scores were higher than the workshop group scores in the knowledge and the most of performance domains.

Conclusion
The simulation group had better results in terms of enhancing knowledge, preparedness, disaster triage, reporting, incident management, communication, mental disorders, and isolation domains compared to the workshop group.