bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Take my kidneys but not my corneas’—Selective preferences as a hidden problem for ‘opt‐out’ organ donation policy
Authors: Williams Nicola Jane , Manson Neil C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith aims to both increase organ supply and better reflect individual donation preferences, many nations worldwide have shifted from ‘opt‐in’ to ‘opt‐out’ systems for post‐mortem organ donation (PMOD). In such countries, while a prospective donor's willingness to donate their organs/tissues for PMOD was previously ascertained—at least partially—by their having recorded positive donation preferences on an official register prior to death, this willingness is now presumed or inferred—at least partially—from their not having recorded an objection to PMOD—on an official organ donation register. Using evidence regarding the presence and prevalence of selective donation preferences, and via exploration of how appeals to donation preferences are used to both motivate and legitimate shifts to opt‐out frameworks, this paper draws attention to a set of previously unexplored problems for opt‐out organ donation arising in contexts where: (a) individuals demonstrate selective post‐mortem organ/tissue donation preferences, (b) legislation provides prospective donors with the opportunity to selectively permit/refuse the donation of certain organs/tissues in line with these preferences. While selective preferences pose few problems for opt‐in systems where a selective occasion is built into the process of signing the donor register, this is not the case for opt‐out systems. The loss of this selective occasion can cause significant problems where appeals to preferences motivate/legitimate shifts to opt‐out but evidence regarding variable preferences does not feed into determinations regarding organ/tissue exclusions. The nature of these problems depends on how the authorization aspect of ‘opt‐out’ systems is framed (e.g. as presumed consent, deemed consent or, given the role of familial consent in many jurisdictions as consent in name only).
Anti‐Zic4 encephalitis in endometrial cancer: Autoimmunity triggered by PD‐1 inhibitor or recent CMV encephalitis?
Authors: Filippakopoulou Eugenia , Karachalia Persefoni , Gryllia Maria , Marousi Stella 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune encephalitis has been well described in oncological patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. Central nervous system (CNS) infections from herpes viruses are also known to trigger secondary neurologic autoimmunity.Case PresentationWe hereby describe a patient with a recent history of cytomegalovirus (CMV) CNS infection and ongoing immunotherapy with the programmed‐cell‐death‐protein‐1(PD‐1) inhibitor pembrolizumab for metastatic endometrial cancer. The patient presented with progressive encephalopathy along with cerebellar signs, rapidly evolving to status epilepticus requiring mechanical ventilation and advanced care unit (ACU) support. A serum paraneoplastic antibody panel revealed strongly positive anti‐Zic4 antibodies. Despite first‐line immunotherapy and aggressive anticonvulsant treatment, the patient died a few days postintubation.ConclusionIn anti‐Zic4 encephalitis, both PD‐1 inhibitor treatment and recent CMV viral insult may contribute to the development of neurological autoimmunity. Further research is needed to identify ways of predicting neurological damage in oncological patients treated with ICIs.
Harmonics Virtual Lights: Fast Projection of Luminance Field on Spherical Harmonics for Efficient Rendering
Authors: Mézières Pierre , Desrichard François , Vanderhaeghe David , Paulin Mathias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce harmonics virtual lights (HVL), to model indirect light sources for interactive global illumination of dynamic 3D scenes. Virtual point lights (VPL) are an efficient approach to define indirect light sources and to evaluate the resulting indirect lighting. Nonetheless, VPL suffer from disturbing artefacts, especially with high‐frequency materials. Virtual spherical lights (VSL) avoid these artefacts by considering spheres instead of points but estimates the lighting integral using Monte‐Carlo which results to noise in the final image. We define HVL as an extension of VSL in a spherical harmonics (SH) framework, defining a closed form of the lighting integral evaluation. We propose an efficient SH projection of spherical lights contribution faster than existing methods. Computing the outgoing luminance requires operations when using materials with circular symmetric lobes, and operations for the general case, where n is the number of SH bands. HVL can be used with either parametric or measured BRDF without extra cost and offers control over rendering time and image quality, by either decreasing or increasing the band limit used for SH projection. Our approach is particularly well‐designed to render medium‐frequency one‐bounce global illumination with arbitrary BRDF at an interactive frame rate.
Demographic trends in late‐slavery Jamaica, 1817–32
Authors: Ward J. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEarly nineteenth‐century demographic trends on sugar estates in Jamaica, the most important British Caribbean colony, are examined through the 1817–32 public slave registers. We seek evidence regarding the background to the island's 1831–2 popular insurrection, the immediate cause of the London parliament's vote in 1833 to abolish colonial slavery. Some historians argue that the revolt occurred as ‘political’ effect from a sudden upsurge of metropolitan anti‐slavery activism in 1830–1. They believe the uprising broke out despite improvement in enslaved people's material welfare, favoured by many slaveholders to secure population increase after the closure of the British transatlantic slave trade in 1808. Alternative ‘economic’ assessments judge that increasing workloads had been aggravating popular unrest before the revolt. Commercial pressures, and the imminent likelihood of emancipation, allegedly outweighed welfare concerns. The excess of slave deaths over births widened between 1817 and 1832. However, the registers show that demographic deficits resulted mainly from the ageing of the last Africa‐born cohorts. Jamaica‐born enslaved people became self‐reproducing. There was no general pre‐1831 regime deterioration. Most slaveholders sought to maintain their Jamaican assets for the long term through pro‐natalist measures, and did not expect emancipation. The revolt's causes were thus more ‘political’ than ‘economic’.
Risk of intracranial meningioma with three potent progestogens: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Hoisnard Léa , Laanani Moussa , Passeri Thibault , Duranteau Lise , Coste Joël , Zureik Mahmoud , Froelich Sébastien , Weill Alain 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeA dose‐dependent association between the use of cyproterone acetate (CPA) and intracranial meningioma has been identified but data for other potent progestogens are scarce. The association was assessed between intracranial meningioma surgery and exposure to three potent progestogens: CPA (≥25 mg/day), nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) (3.75–5 mg/day) and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) (2–10 mg/day).MethodsIn this nationwide population‐based case–control study, cases underwent surgery for intracranial meningioma in France from 2009 to 2018. They were matched to five control subjects for sex, year of birth and area of residence. Progestogen exposure was defined as progestogen use within the year before surgery for cases or the same date for their controls.ResultsIn total, 25,216 cases were included (75% women, median age 58 years). Progestogen exposure was noted for 9.9% of cases (2497/25,216) and 1.9% (2382/126,080) of controls, with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3–7.1). The OR was 1.2 (1.0–1.4) for short‐term use (<1 year) and 9.5 (8.8–10.2) for prolonged use. A strong association was identified for prolonged use of CPA (OR = 22.7, 95% CI 19.5–26.4), NOMAC (OR = 6.5, 95% CI 5.8–7.2) and CMA (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 4.5–5.3). Progestogen exposure increased the risk of meningioma for all histological grades and anatomical sites, particularly for the anterior and middle skull base: OR = 35.7 (95% CI 26.5–48.2) and 23.9 (95% CI 17.8–32.2) for CPA. The estimated number of attributable cases was 2124 (95% CI 2028–2220) (212/year).ConclusionA strong association between prolonged exposure to potent progestogens and surgery for meningioma was observed. The risk increased from CMA to NOMAC to CPA. Individuals should be informed of this risk.
Case study: Applying the resist–accept–direct framework to an Ojibwe Tribe's relationship with the natural world
Authors: Shultz Aaron , Luehring Mark , Ray Adam , Rose Joe Dan , Croll Robert , Gilbert Jonathan , Price Michael , Graveen Joe , Chapman Lyle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOjibwe Tribes' approach to the natural world is guided by the original treaties between beings (species and spirits) and the Ojibwe people who reside in lands now known as the United States and Canada. Relationships with these beings, such as ogaa (walleye Sander vitreus), are best characterised as taking care of a relative/gift for the next seven generations of Ojibwe. Initial denial of treaty rights by the state government has strongly influenced tribes' relationship with their relatives for over 100 years. Ogaa stocks and natural reproduction have declined in the Minocqua Chain of Lakes (Wisconsin, USA) over the last 20 years. Region‐wide declines in ogaa have been attributed to many stressors such as overharvest by state‐licensed anglers, invasive species and climate change. Here, we retroactively applied the resist–accept–direct (RAD) framework to the process used to create an interjurisdictional rehabilitation plan for the Minocqua Chain of Lakes. Specifically, we cover the following: progress to date on the rehabilitation plan; subsistence, cultural and spiritual challenges associated with resisting ecosystem change; unforeseen obstacles to rehabilitation; re‐evaluation of the relationship with ogaa; unknowns; and contingency plans from a tribal perspective. Lastly, we discuss how the RAD framework could become more useful to tribes in the region.
Letters to Hell: Correspondence with death row inmates
Authors: Knoll‐Frey Kathleen , Clark Richard D. , Kato Amy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeath row inmates are sentenced to long periods of isolation before their execution. These individuals, however, often acquire pen pals who write on a regular basis. Anecdotal writings on correspondence with death row inmates have been studied, though usually focusing only on a set of letters between pen pals. This project uses a mixed‐methods approach to examine individuals who corresponded with death row inmates. A qualitative analysis explores multiple facets of why a person chose to write to a death row inmate and the effects of this letter writing. A quantitative analysis of the data explores which aspects of letter writing are more likely to result in the correspondent engaging in activities relating to the death penalty. Results from the study reveal that letter writing has positive effects on the letter writers. Letter writing may pose a way to humanise death row inmates and encourage advocacy work towards the death penalty.
Exploring the context, role and impact of public health nursing during COVID‐19: A multiple case study protocol
Authors: Belita Emily , Jack Susan M. , Lokko Heather , Dobbins Maureen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to: (a) describe public health nursing roles over the course of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada; (b) describe the contextual factors that influence public health nursing role implementation; and (c) describe nurses' perceived impact of their roles on client outcomes and professional/personal nursing practice.DesignDescriptive multiple case study.MethodsRecruitment of public health nurses (PHNs), working in direct service or administrative leadership positions, in an Ontario public health unit will be conducted through purposive and snowball sampling. Nursing roles will be compared and contrasted across three cases differentiated by geographic setting: urban, urban–rural, northern. In each geographic case, a priori estimates of sample size will include 10 PHNs providing direct care and at least five nurses in an administrative leadership role; with an overall estimated study sample size of 45 individuals. Demographic data will be collected using an online anonymous survey. Individual semi‐structured interviews with PHNs, and focus groups with nursing administrators will be conducted via telephone and audio‐recorded. Individual interviews and focus groups will be transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis will be used to generate emergent themes in each case and cross‐case synthesis will be used to compare and contrast patterns across geographic cases.DiscussionExpected findings will provide an in‐depth analysis of the rapidly evolving roles and functions of PHNs throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic and their impact on individuals, families and communities. As well, findings will provide a new understanding about the contextual barriers and facilitators of PHN role implementation in their working environments.ImpactStudy findings can support decision‐making in relation to funding, resource allocation and supportive work structures and processes at a public health system and/or individual public health organization level.
The Adapted Firesetting Assessment Scale: reliability and validity
Authors: Collins J. , Langdon P. E. , Barnoux M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Adapted Firesetting Assessment Scale was developed for use with adults with developmental disabilities targeting fire‐related factors thought to be associated with deliberate firesetting behaviour (i.e. attitudes towards fire, fire interest, fire normalisation, identification with fire and fire safety awareness). However, the psychometric properties of the scale are yet to be evaluated.MethodThe reliability, validity, comprehensibility, relevance and comprehensiveness of the Adapted Firesetting Assessment Scale were evaluated. Fifty‐nine adults with developmental disabilities, some of whom had a history of firesetting, completed the Adapted Firesetting Assessment Scale on two occasions. Feedback about the questionnaire was sought from both participants and professionals.ResultsThe AFAS has acceptable internal consistency and excellent test–retest reliability. The attitudes towards fire, fire normalisation, poor fire safety subscales and total scores discriminated firesetters from non‐firesetters. Content analysis of feedback indicated items of the AFAS were understood, relevant, accessible and comprehensible.ConclusionA larger study is needed to examine the factor structure of the AFAS.
Serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin in dogs with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Choi Dongjoon , Yun Taesik , Lee Dohee , Koo Yoonhoi , Chae Yeon , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck , Kim Hakhyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn imbalance in adipokines is associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. However, alterations in adipokines in dogs with CKD remain unclear.ObjectivesTo examine whether adipokine concentrations in serum differ between healthy dogs and dogs with CKD and to determine the correlation between serum adipokine concentrations and CKD severity in dogs.AnimalsTwenty dogs with CKD and 10 healthy dogs.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, IL‐18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were measured in healthy dogs and dogs with CKD, which were classified according to the International Renal Interest Society guidelines.ResultsSerum leptin concentrations were positively correlated with systolic arterial blood pressure (r = .41), creatinine concentrations (r = .39), and symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations (r = .73). Serum adiponectin concentrations (median [range]) in CKD dogs with borderline or non‐proteinuric (20.25 [14.9‐45.8] ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in proteinuric CKD dogs (13.95 [6.4‐22.1] ng/mL; P = .01). Serum IL‐6 (median [range]; 43.27 [24.30‐537.30] vs 25.63 [6.83‐61.03] pg/mL; P = .02), IL‐18 (median [range]; 25.98 [11.52‐280.55] vs 10.77 [3.53‐38.45] pg/mL; P = .01), and TNF‐α (median [range]) concentrations (11.44 [8.54‐38.45] vs 6.105 [3.97‐30.68] pg/mL; P = .02) were significantly different between proteinuric and borderline or non‐proteinuric CKD dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importanceleptin and adiponectin concentrations in serum might be associated with severity of CKD and proteinuria in dogs with CKD, respectively.
Portal pressure is of significant prognostic value in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Warnes Thomas W. , Roberts Stephen A. , Smith Alexander , Cope Victor M. , Vales Patricia , McMahon Raymond 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIn other forms of chronic liver disease, measurement of portal pressure is of prognostic value, but this has not yet been established in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The aim of the study is to determine the prognostic value of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in relation to liver‐related survival outcomes, as well as to the development of hepatic decompensation, oesophageal varices and variceal bleeding.MethodsBaseline HVPG and liver biopsies were obtained in 86 patients followed for 10 years in a controlled trial of colchicine treatment, and subsequently in a long‐term observational cohort study for a further 30 years.ResultsThere were 49 Hepatic deaths in addition to 10 Liver Transplants (Hepatic death/transplant; n = 59). Some of these were associated with a significant variceal bleed within 3 months of death or transplant (Portal hypertension‐associated death or transplant; n = 19). There were 63 deaths from all causes. During follow‐up, oesophageal varices developed in 26 patients, whilst 17 bled from varices and 32 developed hepatic decompensation over a median follow‐up of 18.1 years (1.9–28.5). Baseline HVPG was highly predictive of all 6 clinical outcomes and contributed significant predictive information additional to that provided by Mayo score and Ludwig stage.ConclusionMeasurement of baseline portal pressure is of significant prognostic value in primary biliary cholangitis.
Ageing well: Social but also biological reasons for age‐grading
Authors: Hejná Míša , Jespersen Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe theory of language change has worked primarily with four basic language change profiles: generational change, age‐grading, communal change, and stability. This paper focuses primarily on age‐grading, the process whereby each generation undergoes a specific language change at the same age‐related stage within their lifespan. Despite the necessary influence of biological change on the ageing body, the explanations put forward to explain why and how age‐grading occurs have been primarily social. Previous work also often relies on the study of adolescents. Following the distinction between chronological, social, and biological ageing, this study provides an overview of biological factors which may also provide explanatory power, with a focus on phonetic variation. Considering biological factors can be important in order to avoid interpreting cases of biological age‐grading as (solely) social in nature, and as cases of generational change rather than age‐grading.
Gut microbiota composition does not associate with toxoplasma infection in rats
Authors: Taggart Patrick L. , Liddicoat Craig , Tong Wen Han , Breed Martin F. , Weinstein Philip , Wheeler David , Vyas Ajai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractToxoplasma infection in intermediate host species closely associates with inflammation. This association has led to suggestions that the behavioural changes associated with infection may be indirectly driven by the resulting sustained inflammation rather than a direct behavioural manipulation by the parasite. If this is correct, sustained inflammation in chronically infected rodents should present as widespread differences in the gastrointestinal microbiota due to the dependency between the composition of these microbiota and sustained inflammation. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment in rats that were assigned to a Toxoplasma‐treatment, placebo‐treatment or negative control group. We euthanised rats during the chronic phase of infection, collected their caecal stool samples and sequenced the V3‐V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial community in these samples. Toxoplasma infection did not induce widespread differences in the bacterial community composition of the gastrointestinal tract of rats. Rather, we found sex differences in the bacterial community composition of rats. We conclude that it is unlikely that sustained inflammation is the mechanism driving the highly specific behavioural changes observed in Toxoplasma‐positive rats.
Logical Pantheism
Authors: Aranyosi István 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLogical Pantheism is a view according to which God could be identified with logical space, that is, with the space of all possible worlds. It differs from classical pantheism in the latter identifies God merely with the actual Universe, or with nature. There are several reasons why Logical Pantheism is considered superior to classical pantheism by its proponents. One such reason is that it helps the traditional ontological (that is, a priori) argument for the existence of God go through unproblematically. Another core reason is that it ensures all greatmaking properties as belonging to God, in virtue of it containing all possible properties. The view was put forward and defended by István Aranyosi (2013) and by Yujin Nagasawa (2016).
Is seeing believing? Comparing the influence of textual and visual policy narratives on public opinion
Authors: Boscarino Jessica E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScholars have used the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to explain public opinion on a variety of policy issues and across venues. Recent work in the NPF has expanded the application of the framework beyond textual formats to accommodate policy narratives that are visual in nature. This article asks whether individuals respond differently to visual versus text‐based narratives. The research argues that visuals are more easily understood, dramatic, and memorable than text, suggesting that visual narratives may have a greater influence on policy attitudes. I explore these possibilities using Twitter narratives related to the Dakota Access Pipeline in the United States. Exposure to visual narratives significantly increased perception of issue importance, but contrary to expectations, visual narratives were no more effective at enhancing information recall, shifting attitudes, and encouraging activism than textual narratives. The article discusses possible reasons for these findings, the implications for narrative persuasion, and suggestions for future avenues of research.Related ArticlesChang, Katherine T., and Elizabeth A. Koebele. 2020. “What Drives Coalitions' Narrative Strategy? Exploring Policy Narratives around School Choice.” Politics & Policy 48(4): 618–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12367.Crow, Deserai A., Lydia A. Lawhon, John Berggren, Juhi Huda, Elizabeth Koebele, and Adrianne Kroepsch. 2017. “A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis of Wildfire Policy Discussions in Two Colorado Communities.” Politics & Policy 45(4): 626–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12207.Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39(3): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00295.x.