bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widely targeted metabolomics analysis reveals differences in volatile metabolites among fourAngelicaspecies
Authors: Ji Jiaojiao , Zang Lanlan , Lu Tingting , Li Cheng , Han Xiaoxu , Lee Soo-Rang , Wang Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAngelicaL. has attracted global interest for its traditional medicinal uses and commercial values. However, few studies have focused on the metabolomic differences among theAngelicaspecies. In this study, employing the widely targeted metabolomics based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the metabolomes of fourAngelicaspecies were analyzed (Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels (A. sinensis),Angelica biserrata(R.H.Shan & Yuan) C.Q.Yuan & R.H.Shan (A. biserrata),Angelica dahurica(Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav. (A. dahurica),Angelica keiskeiKoidz. (A. keiskei)). A total of 698 volatile metabolites were identified and classified into fifteen different categories. The metabolomic analysis indicated that 7-hydroxycoumarin and Z-ligustilide were accumulated at significantly higher levels inA. sinensis, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for bornyl acetate. In addition, a high correspondence between the dendrogram of metabolite contents and phylogenetic positions was detected in the four species. This study provides a biochemical map for the exploitation, application and development of theAngelicaspecies as medicinal plants or health-related dietary supplements.
Carotenoid-dependent plumage coloration is associated with reduced male care in passerine birds
Authors: Rincón-Rubio Verónica A. , Székely Tamás , Liker András , Gonzalez-Voyer Alejandro 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe immense diversity of plumage coloration exhibited by birds is the result of either pigments deposited in the feathers or microstructural arrangements of feather barbules. Some of the most common pigments are carotenoids that produce bright yellow, orange and red colors. Carotenoids differ from other pigments since birds cannot synthesize them de novo and must obtain them from the diet. Carotenoid pigments are usually associated with signaling and sexual selection, although they also have antioxidant properties and play a role in the immune response. Here we hypothesize that carotenoid-dependent plumage coloration functions as a signal of a male’s tendency to invest in offspring care because they play an important role in the self-maintenance and may provide key information about individual quality; allowing females to obtain information about a males’ tendency to invest in offspring care. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses across 350 passerine birds we show that species that consume carotenoid-rich foods have more carotenoid-dependent plumage coloration than species with carotenoid-poor diets. In addition, carotenoid-dependent plumage coloration is associated with a decreased male investment in offspring care. Our results suggest investment into carotenoid-dependent plumage coloration trades off against male investment into offspring care and will likely have broad implications for our understanding of the ecological contexts that facilitate various evolutionary processes such as sexual selection or signaling associated with plumage colors.
Early eye and forebrain development are facilitated by Bone Morphogenetic Protein antagonism
Authors: Bulk Johannes , Kyrychenko Valentyn , Rensinghoff Philipp , Heermann Stephan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVision likely is our most prominent sense and a correct development of the eye is at its basis. Early eye development is tightly connected to the development of the forebrain. A single eye field and the prospective telencephalon are situated within the anterior neural plate (ANP). If development is running correctly both are split and consecutively two optic vesicles and two telencephalic lobes emerge. If hampered, the domain is remaining condensed at the midline. This affection of development is termed Holoprosencephaly (HPE). The classical ocular finding associated with intense forms of HPE is cyclopia, one central eye.We found that antagonists of Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are important to facilitate proper forebrain and eye field cleavage. Experimental induction of a BMP ligand results in HPE and the analyses of the ANP indicated a severe form. We further found anophthalmia instead of cyclopia associated with the present HPE phenotype. We identified retinal progenitors stuck in the forebrain domain, which we termed crypt-oculoid. Our data further suggest that the process of basal constriction of retinal progenitors is hampered by elevated levels of the BMP ligand. This likely is the reason for anophthalmia instead of cyclopia in this present case of HPE.
Modeling human eye movements during immersive visual search
Authors: Radulescu Angela , van Opheusden Bas , Callaway Frederick , Griffiths Thomas L. , Hillis James M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe nature of eye movements during visual search has been widely studied in psychology and neuroscience. Virtual reality (VR) paradigms provide an opportunity to test whether computational models of search can predict naturalistic search behavior. However, existing ideal observer models are constrained by strong assumptions about the structure of the world, rendering them impractical for modeling the complexity of environments that can be studied in VR. To address these limitations, we frame naturalistic visual search as a problem of allocating limited cognitive resources, formalized as a meta-level Markov decision process (meta-MDP) over a representation of the environment encoded by a deep neural network. We train reinforcement learning agents to solve the meta-MDP, showing that the agents’ optimal policy converges to a classic ideal observer model of search developed for simplified environments. We compare the learned policy with human gaze data from a visual search experiment conducted in VR, finding a qualitative and quantitative correspondence between model predictions and human behavior. Our results suggest that gaze behavior in naturalistic visual search is consistent with rational allocation of limited cognitive resources.
Basis of executive functions in fine-grained architecture of cortical and subcortical human brain networks
Authors: Assem Moataz , Shashidhara Sneha , Glasser Matthew F. , Duncan John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTheoretical models suggest that executive functions rely on both domain-general and domain-specific processes. Supporting this view, prior brain imaging studies have revealed that executive activations converge and diverge within broadly characterized brain networks. However, the lack of precise anatomical mappings has impeded our understanding of the interplay between domain-general and domain-specific processes. To address this challenge, we used the high-resolution multimodal MRI approach of the Human Connectome Project to scan participants performing three canonical executive tasks: n-back, rule switching, and stop signal. The results reveal that, at the individual level, different executive activations converge within 9 domain-general territories distributed in frontal, parietal and temporal cortices. Each task exhibits a unique topography characterized by finely detailed activation gradients within domain-general territory shifted towards adjacent resting-state networks; n-back activations shift towards the default mode, rule switching towards dorsal attention and stop signal towards cingulo-opercular networks. Importantly, the strongest activations arise at multimodal neurobiological definitions of network borders. Matching results are seen in circumscribed regions of the caudate nucleus, thalamus and cerebellum. The shifting peaks of local gradients at the intersection of task-specific networks provide a novel mechanistic insight into how partially-specialised networks interact with neighbouring domain-general territories to generate distinct executive functions.
Hypothalamic melanocortin-4 receptors on astrocytes mediate inflammation and body weight homeostasis
Authors: Eliason Nicole L. , Pham Kevin , Varshney Rohan , Farriester Jacob W. , Lacy Charles I. , Rice Heather C. , Rudolph Michael C. , Freeman Willard , Sharpe Amanda L. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTWorld-wide, nearly 40% of the adult population is classified as clinically obese. Central inflammation is highly correlated with obesity and increases morbidity and deterioration of health. The hypothalamus is a brain region that governs many facets of energy homeostasis, and melanocortins in the hypothalamus both decrease feeding and increase metabolism via melanocortin-4 receptors (MC4Rs). Although MC4Rs are present on neurons and astrocytes (aMC4R) previous work has focused almost exclusively on the neuronal population with the contribution of aMC4R on these processes largely unknown. Our objective was to determine the effects of hypothalamic aMC4R deletion on central and peripheral inflammation, as well as feeding and body weight homeostasis. Adult MC4R fl/fl mice were microinjected with an astrocyte-specific promoter driving Cre-expression (AAV-GFAP-GFP-Cre) or AAV-control (AAV-GFAP-GFP; n=4-7/group/sex) to produce a hypothalamic knock-down of aMC4R (KD). Body weight and composition were monitored throughout the study, and indirect calorimetry was conducted at 1 and 4 weeks after AAV injection. Acquisition of operant self-administration of palatable food was also examined. Mice were euthanized 7-8 weeks post AAV injection and brain and tissue samples were collected. We observed a significant increase in body weight, feeding, and energy balance in the KD group compared to control group. Inflammation was significantly increased centrally in KD mice within the hypothalamus, but not peripherally within serum. Additionally, aMC4R KD mice trended towards an increased reward learning for palatable food. This is the first demonstration that hypothalamic aMC4R, independent of neuronal MC4R, is important in modulating inflammation as well as contributing to energy balance. These results provide an integral understanding of the aMC4R system that will provide the foundation for future studies investigating the role of aMC4R in various disease states.
Age related disorder in DNA methylation patterns underlies epigenetic clock signals, but displays distinct responses to epigenetic rejuvenation events
Authors: Bertucci-Richter Emily M. , Shealy Ethan P. , Parrott Benjamin B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChanges in DNA methylation with age are observed across the tree of life. The stereotypical nature of these changes can be modeled to produce epigenetic clocks capable of predicting biological age with unprecedented accuracy. Despite the predictive ability of epigenetic clocks, the underlying processes that produce clock signals are not resolved but are hypothesized to be rooted in stochastic processes leading to an erosion in the epigenetic landscape. Here, we test this hypothesis using a novel computational approach for measuring disorder in DNA methylation patterns across the epigenome. We find that loci comprising conventional epigenetic clocks are enriched in regions that both accumulate and lose disorder with age, suggesting a direct link between DNA methylation disorder and epigenetic clock signals. Across the murine lifespan, disorder accumulates in Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 target genes and decreases in CTCF and transcription factor binding sites, resulting in genomic hotspots of age-related epigenetic disorder. We further investigate the connections between age-related changes in disorder and epigenetic clock signals by comparing the influences of development, lifespan interventions, and cellular dedifferentiation using a series of newly developed epigenetic clocks based on regional disorder, average methylation states, and commonly used measures of entropy. We identify both common responses as well as critical differences between canonical epigenetic clocks and those based on regional disorder, demonstrating a fundamental decoupling of epigenetic aging processes. Collectively, this work identifies key linkages between epigenetic disorder and epigenetic clock signals, and simultaneously demonstrates the multifaceted nature of epigenetic aging in which stochastic processes occurring at non-random loci produce predictable outcomes.
Id2 GABAergic interneurons: a neglected fourth major group of cortical inhibitory cells
Authors: Machold Robert , Dellal Shlomo , Valero Manuel , Zurita Hector , Kruglikov Illya , Meng John , Hanson Jessica L. , Hashikawa Yoshiko , Schuman Benjamin , Buzsáki György , Rudy Bernardo 
Published: December 2022

SummaryCortical GABAergic interneurons (INs) represent a diverse population of mainly locally projecting cells that provide specialized forms of inhibition to pyramidal neurons and other INs. Most recent work on INs has focused on subtypes distinguished by expression of Parvalbumin (PV), Somatostatin (SST), or Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP). However, a fourth group that includes neurogliaform cells (NGFCs) has remained enigmatic due to a lack of genetic tools. Here, we show that these INs can be accessed experimentally using intersectional genetics with the geneId2. We find that outside of layer 1 (L1), the majority of Id2 INs are NGFCs that express high levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and exhibit a late-spiking firing pattern, with extensive local connectivity. While much sparser, non-NGFC Id2 INs had more variable properties, with most cells corresponding to a diverse group of INs that strongly expresses the neuropeptide CCK.In vivo, using silicon probe recordings, we observed several distinguishing aspects of NGFC activity, including a strong rebound in activity immediately following the cortical down state during NREM sleep. Our study provides insights into IN diversity and NGFC distribution and properties, and outlines an intersectional genetics approach for further study of this neglected group of INs.
cpSRP54 and FtsH cooperate thylakoid membrane associated proteostasis during de-etiolation inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lei Yang , Li Bilang , Wang Xiaomin , Wei Junyou , Wang Peiyi , Zhao Jun , Yu Fei , Qi Yafei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe thylakoid membrane protein quality control, which requires the coordination of membrane protein translocation and degradation of unassembled proteins, determines the chloroplast development during de-etiolation. Despite numerous efforts, the regulation of this progress in land plants is largely unknown. Here, we reported the isolation and characterization ofpga4mutants with defects in chloroplast development during de-etiolation. Map-based cloning and complementation assay confirmed thatPGA4encodes the chloroplast signal recognition particle 54 kDa protein (cpSRP54). A heterogeneous LhcB2-GFP was generated as an indicative substrate for cpSRP54-mediated thylakoid translocation. LhcB2-GFP were not assembled into functional complexes, and degraded to a short form dLhcB2-GFP during de-etiolation, through an N-terminal degradation initiated on thylakoid membranes. Further biochemical and genetic evidences demonstrated that the degradation of LhcB2-GFP to dLhcB2-GFP was disrupted inpga4, andvar2mutants caused by mutations in the VAR2/AtFtsH2 subunit of thylakoid FtsH. The yeast two-hybrid assay showed that the N-terminus of LhcB2-GFP which was degraded consequently, interacts with the protease domain of VAR2/AtFtsH2 in yeasts. Moreover, the over-accumulated LhcB2-GFP inpga4andvar2, formed protein aggregates, which were insoluble in mild nonionic detergents. Genetically,cpSRP54is a new suppressor locus for the leaf variegation phenotype ofvar2. Those together demonstrated the coordination of cpSRP54 and thylakoid FtsH in maintenance of thylakoid membrane protein quality control during the assembly of photosynthetic complexes, and provided a trackable substrate and product for monitoring the cpSRP54-dependent protein translocation and the FtsH-dependent protein degradation.One Sentence SummaryWe revealed the coordination of cpSRP54 and FtsH in thylakoid membrane protein quality control, and provided a trackable marker for monitoring the activity of cpSRP54 and thylakoid FtsH protease.
Promoting gender equality through the use of management control systems: a case study in Japan
Authors: Nagano Shima , Hosoda Masahiro 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study examines how formal and cultural management control systems (MCSs) are used to support the promotion of gender equality through a case study of a Japanese bank.Design/methodology/approachA case study was adopted to investigate the use of formal and cultural MCSs in promoting gender equality. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with managers experienced in promoting gender equality. Then, the data were analysed by reading the interview answers repeatedly and coding interviewees' comments to generate themes.FindingsThe findings indicate that both formal and cultural MCSs can be critical aspects in promoting gender equality. The use of cultural MCS fostered norms and cultures over time that enhances the process of formal MCS to achieve gender equality. Formal MCS was also designed and utilised under the constructed norms and cultures to promote gender equality. Furthermore, the use of formal MCS contributes to shaping norms and cultures that encourage gender equality by controlling and discussing the process of promoting gender equality.Originality/valueThis study clarifies how formal and cultural MCSs can be used to promote gender equality, which is an unresolved issue in Japanese companies. Mechanisms for companies in male-dominated societies are also provided to promote gender equality in terms of MCSs.
Commentaries From amateurism to professionalism: legislation changes transforming Brazilian football
Authors: Gomes Ricardo Miorin , Gomes Ricardo Corrêa , Lisboa Erika 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to present a situation that Brazil is coming to terms with the creation of football companies. The solution is to sell football clubs to investors that can solve any inherited financial crisis and provide the players the clubs need to improve the situation. As clubs are now managed by investors, board members, society and supporters have almost no information about how the clubs are being managed. The authors’ recommendation is that besides the need for a transformation in management, there is also an urgent need for professionalisation and government regulation of the process (Andon and Free, 2019).Design/methodology/approachThe authors’ comments are based on documents, laws and newspaper news.FindingsThe results are engaging with the clubs achieving results in the short term, supporting fans returning to stadiums and the possibility of more investors becoming shareholders of football clubs.Originality/valueThis study is the first academic exercise of meditation about the process of turning Brazilian football clubs into anonymous societies.
Are sustainable firms more profitable during COVID-19? Recent global evidence of firms in developed and emerging economies
Authors: Lu Jing , Khan Shahid 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis paper investigates whether sustainability performance (SP) protects financial performance (FP) for firms in both developed and emerging economies during the COVID-19-induced economic downturn.Design/methodology/approachUsing a recent sample of firms in 34 countries between 2003 and 2021, the authors employ ordinary least squares regressions, moderations and the Heckman two-step method to test the hypotheses.FindingsFirms with strong SP have higher FP in developed and emerging economies in the upcoming year. During the COVID-19 crisis in 2020–2021, the impact of sustainability on FP is pronounced in developed but not in emerging economies. Furthermore, cross-listings expose firms in emerging economies to high-standard institutional mechanisms in developed economies. Thus, sustainable firms in emerging economies cross-listed on European stock exchanges are more profitable.Practical implicationsFor regulators and standard setters, the global-level comparative analysis helps them find solutions that may assist firms in improving SP globally (e.g. mandatory reporting) and enduring crises resiliently. For institutional investors, the study reveals the relatively different impact of sustainability risk for firms in developed and emerging economies. For practitioners and private sector firms, this study contributes to the dialogue on what makes firms more resilient in COVID-19. Although COVID-19 might be temporary, the lessons learned could protect firms from future crises.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the contingency perspective between sustainability and financial performance by providing recent empirical evidence in a global setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors demonstrate how different external institutional mechanisms (rule-based governance and relation-based governance) and cross-listing affect the SP-FP relationship during a crisis. The authors extend the knowledge in crisis management literature with a comparative study and fill the research gap on how SP affects FP for firms in emerging economies compared to developed economies.
Disintermediation and the role of DMCs: a new management strategy in rural tourism
Authors: Fernandez-Villaran Asuncion , Rivera-García Jorge , Pastor-Ruiz Ricardo 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe Internet has encouraged rural tourism experience providers to develop a new management strategy that opts for disintermediation to access the market. In this context, incoming travel agencies (destination management companies [DMCs]), despite the local component, lose capacity to promote the rural tourism. The main question is what kind of relationship between stakeholders would enhance effective intermediation processes between them. The paper examines such constraints and limitations of existing relationships between small local rural tourism producers and DMCs.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Basque Country region of northern Spain as a case study, the authors used a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology based on semi-structured in-depth interviews and an online survey. The data analysis strategy used incorporated descriptive and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).FindingsIn this research, most of the tourism disintermediation factors identified in previous literature were reinforced when tested in the rural context. The results confirm that power, value, product differentiation, digitisation and stakeholder collaboration are key elements. The value provided in the international segment by DMCs, though, was found to be irrelevant.Originality/valueThis article contributes to filling a gap in the literature on rural tourism destination management from a holistic view of the destination understanding the business-to-business (B2B) relationship among stakeholders in rural tourism. This paper focuses on those elements that create value for local producers to sell the products through intermediaries and provides a framework for understanding the factors involved in value creation in rural tourism intermediation, which is applicable to further empirical studies and provides interesting managerial implications.