bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved 3D characterisation of early-age microstructural development of Portland cement
Authors: Vigor James E. , Bernal Susan A. , Xiao Xianghui , Provis John L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTime-resolved in-situ synchrotron X-ray microtomography reveals new levels of detail about the chemical and physical processes that take place as Portland cement hardens. The conversion of a fluid paste into a hardened product can be monitored on a sub-minute time-scale, and with sample movement/settlement corrections applied to enable individual particles to be tracked as they react, hydrate, and become interconnected into a single strong monolith. The growth of the strength-giving hydrate phases surrounding cement grains, and of the fluid-filled pore network that surrounds them, is able to be directly viewed at the level of individual cement particles through the application of this tracking protocol. When cement is brought into contact with water, a layer which differs in density from the bulk of the cement grains becomes observable on the grain surfaces during the induction period (during which time the heat evolution from the paste is relatively low). As hydration continues, reaction products grow both from particle surfaces into the initially fluid-filled region, and also into the space originally occupied by the cement particles, forming a density gradient within the microstructure. As the reaction accelerates and larger volumes of solid phases precipitate, the newly-formed solid structure percolates via interconnection of agglomerated low-density outer hydrates, which then densify as hydration continues. This eventually leads to solidification of the structure into a hardened porous matrix.
Graphical abstract
Resolution-promoting autacoids demonstrate promising cardioprotective effects against heart diseases
Authors: Hiram Roddy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chronic heart diseases have in common an unresolved inflammatory status. In atherosclerosis, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, or atrial fibrillation, mounting evidence suggests that unresolved inflammation contributes to the chronicity, aggravation, and morbidity of the disease. Following cardiac injury or infection, acute inflammation is a normal and required process to repair damaged tissues or eliminate pathogens and promote restoration of normal functions and structures. However, if acute inflammation is not followed by resolution, a chronic and deleterious inflammatory status may occur, characterized by the persistence of inflammatory biomarkers, promoting aggravation of myocardial pathogenesis, abnormal structural remodeling, development of cardiac fibrosis, and loss of function. Although traditional antiinflammatory strategies, including the use of COX-inhibitors, to inhibit the production of inflammation promotors failed to promote homeostasis, mounting evidence suggests that activation of specific endogenous autacoids may promote resolution and perpetuate cardioprotective effects. The recent discovery of the active mechanism of resolution suggests that proresolving signals and cellular processes may help to terminate inflammation and combat the development of its chronic profile in cardiac diseases. This review discussed (I) the preclinical and clinical evidence of inflammation-resolution in cardiac disorders including atrial fibrillation; (II) how and why many traditional antiinflammatory treatments failed to prevent or cure cardiac inflammation and fibrosis; and (III) whether new therapeutic strategies may interact with the resolution machinery to have cardioprotective effects.

Graphical abstract
RvD D-series resolving, RvE E-series resolving, LXA4 lipoxin A4, MaR1 maresin-1
Voters Use Campaign Finance Transparency and Compliance Information
Authors: Wood Abby K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCampaign finance compliance and transparency reveal important non-policy attributes that voters care about. Using vignette and conjoint survey experiments, I show that voters in primary elections incorporate transparency and compliance considerations into candidate selection. This effect persists even where the candidate shares the respondents’ preferred policy positions. The findings bring campaign finance transparency and compliance into the scholarly conversation about candidate valence. They also have implications for our campaign finance jurisprudence and suggest that courts should expand their understanding of the informational benefits of campaign finance disclosures and compliance information.
Competition and Fan Substitution Between Professional Sports Leagues
Authors: Wallrafen Tim , Nalbantis Georgios , Pawlowski Tim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA peculiarity in professional sports is the fact that leagues regularly hold monopoly powerwithin their sports.However, whether and to what extent these leagues may compete with other leaguesacross sportsis relatively unexplored. This paper contributes to the literature by analyzing competition and fan substitution in Germany, where top-tier league managers in handball, basketball, and ice hockey have recently claimed that their teams suffer from football’s dominant position. Our attendance demand models confirm the existence of significant substitution effects in this setting, which suggests that leagues indeed do compete economicallyacross sportsfor fan attendance.
Assessment of the Living Conditions in Polish and German Transborder Regions in the Context of Strengthening Territorial Cohesion in the European Union: Competitiveness or Complementation?
Authors: Gwiaździńska-Goraj Marta , Jezierska-Thöle Aleksandra , Dudzińska Małgorzata 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe European Union's regional policy aims to strengthen economic, social, and territorial cohesion and equal space development opportunities. It is an action linking UE that emphasises the problem of cohesion in the interregional context. The essence of territorial cohesion is the necessity to eliminate inequalities between the living conditions of the population. The concept of quality of life is ambiguous, multidimensional and interdisciplinary. This problem is of particular importance concerning border areas, i.e. the periphery of countries, which often adversely affects the population's standard of living. The article aimed to assess the living conditions and the direction of changes in those terms on the Polish-German border, an internal border of the EU (former Eastern Bloc countries). The analysis covered the years 2004–2019. The impact of the EU's regional development and cohesion policies for border areas (INTERREG) in improving the analysed regions' living conditions was also determined. The method of aggregation, standardised sums, was used in the analysis. The research showed that the level of living conditions of these border regions' population was spatially diversified, being more favourable on the German side. The analysed border regions had less favourable material and non-material living conditions than the countries' average value. Significant changes in the living conditions of border regions in the years 2004–2019 were established towards equalising the quality of life, which was influenced by the spatial policy of territorial cohesion.
A framework for the analysis of self-confirming policies
Authors: Battigalli P. , Cerreia-Vioglio S. , Maccheroni F. , Marinacci M. , Sargent T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a general framework for analyzing self-confirming policies. We study self-confirming equilibria in recurrent decision problems with incomplete information about the true stochastic model. We characterize stationary monetary policies in a linear-quadratic setting.
Soil properties across a hydrological gradient in saladas from northeast Spain: what are the implications for soil carbon stocks, CO2 efflux and microbial communities in a warming world?
Authors: Thomas A. D. , Tooth S. , Lan S. , Holt T. , Saunders I. , Tarren H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNumerous permanent and temporary wetlands occur throughout the world’s drylands. Although characterised by diverse water inundation frequencies, durations and depths, these wetlands in drylands are typically hotspots of biological activity and productivity. The healthy functioning and even existence of many wetlands in drylands, however, is threatened by desiccation resulting from a combination of climate change and human disturbance. Near Alcañiz in arid northeast Spain, three adjacent saladas (playas) with contrasting hydroperiods provide an opportunity to investigate how moisture availability affects their soil carbon (C) stocks, CO2efflux, and microbial communities. Predicting the impacts of changes in moisture availability on the C cycle in wetlands in drylands is challenging but important because many contain large C stocks and may be significant sources and sinks of greenhouse gases. Frequent inundation and/or near-permanent soil water saturation supports the generation of organic C from a range of different sources. Soil inorganic C was greatest on the driest salada (3.8%) compared to the wetter saladas (3.0% and 2.1%) owing to evaporative concentration and the reaction of CO2with available Ca2+, Mg2+and Na+ions. CO2efflux was greatest at intermediate moisture levels (142 mg CO2 m−2 h−1), but the spatial and temporal variability in CO2efflux on salada surfaces is large, demonstrating the need for intensive sampling regimes to provide realistic estimates of their contribution to atmospheric CO2exchanges. Different microbial community structures also characterise each salada. The saladas near Alcañiz, and many other similar features in northeast Spain, are renowned for their rare and threatened flora and fauna, yet their soil C cycle characteristics and soil microbial communities provide additional reasons to monitor the impacts of climate change and protect these vulnerable environments from further anthropogenic disturbances.
Virtual indoor-GPS for measurement uncertainty determination in reconfigurable environments
Authors: Nicksch Christoph , Sabzehi Mielad , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Line-less Mobile Assembly Systems, the mobilization of assembly resources and products enables rapid physical system reconfigurations to increase flexibility and adaptability. The clean floor approach discards fixed anchor points, so that assembly resources such as mobile robots and automated guided vehicles transporting products can adapt to new products and form new processes. Associated challenges are accurate spatial referencing between mobile resources to meet assembly tolerance requirements. There is a need for more accurate positioning data to locate and navigate mobile assembly resources. An indoor-GPS, as a distributed large-scale metrology system, is able to cover a wide shop floor area and to obtain positioning data with uncertainties in the submillimeter range. The measurement uncertainty of such a system depends on the spatial distribution of the transmitters and the receiver positions. To be able to validate positioning tolerance requirements of an assembly process, measurement uncertainties must be determined. Virtual measurements simulate measurement processes and model dependencies between the environment and the metrology system. This work presents a novel approach for a virtual indoor-GPS to determine measurement uncertainties during a process and to evaluate the measurement process capability. Experiments show the validity of the virtual indoor-GPS which can be used as a planning tool for metrology system setups within Line-less Mobile Assembly Systems.
Discontinuation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: a Review of the Biological Factors Associated with Treatment-Free Remission
Authors: Stuckey Ruth , López Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Gómez-Casares María Teresa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Clinical factors alone do not enable us to differentiate which patients will maintain treatment-free remission (TFR) from those who are likely to relapse. Thus, patient-specific factors must also play a role. This review will update the reader on the most recent studies presenting biological factors that can help predict tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) discontinuation success.

Recent Findings
Cellular and molecular factors with a suggested role in TFR include immune factors and leukemic stem cell (LSC) persistence; the BCR::ABL1 transcript type, halving time, and BCR::ABL1 DNA and RNA positivity; as well as other molecular factors such as somatic mutations, RNA expression, and telomere length.

Summary
Our review presents several biomarkers with predictive value for TFR but also highlights areas of unmet need. Future discontinuation guidelines will likely include biological factors for the personalization of TFR prediction. However, it will be important that such advances do not prevent more patients from making a TKI discontinuation attempt.
An explanatory model of the relationships between sport motivation, anxiety and physical and social self-concept in educational sciences students
Authors: Melguizo-Ibáñez E. , Zurita-Ortega F. , Ubago-Jiménez J. L. , López-Gutiérrez C. J. , González-Valero G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivation plays a key role in the physical-sports field, in the control of disruptive states and in the mental image that people have of themselves. In view of the above, the present study reflects the objectives of identifying and establishing the relationship between sport motivation, anxiety, physical self-concept and social self-concept, broken down into (a) developing an explanatory model of sport motivation and its relationship with anxiety and social and physical self-concept and (b) contrasting the structural model by means of a multi-group analysis according to sex. To this end, a quantitative, non-experimental (ex post facto), comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 556 students (23.06 ± 6.23). The instruments used were an ad hoc questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Self-Concept Form-5. The results show that the male sex orients sport motivation towards climate, obtaining higher levels of anxiety, however, the female sex, anxiety has a negative impact on the development of social self-concept. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that gender is a fundamental factor in the orientation of sport practice, as well as the development of anxiety and physical and social self-concept.
Allograft Labral Reconstruction of the Hip: Expanding Evidence Supporting Greater Utilization in Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: White Brian J. , Constantinides Shannon M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The current review investigates outcomes and failure rates associated with arthroscopic circumferential allograft labral reconstruction of the hip, both as a revision and primary procedure in treating femoroacetabular hip impingement and labral-related pathology.

Recent Findings
Numerous studies within the last decade have demonstrated excellent patient-reported outcomes, high rates of return-to-play in athletes, and low failure rates in patients having undergone arthroscopic circumferential allograft labral reconstruction of the hip. Removal of chronically diseased and injured labral tissue can eliminate a significant pain-generator from the hip joint. Additionally, circumferential reconstruction of the labrum restores the hoop fiber strength and fluid seal akin to what would be seen with native, healthy labral tissue. Recent research has shown that arthroscopic circumferential allograft labral reconstruction may be used not only in the revision setting, but as a primary procedure. Circumferential labral reconstruction should be considered when a surgeon feels that the labrum is irreparable or has failed previous repair.

Summary
Arthroscopic circumferential allograft labral reconstruction of the hip can be utilized as treatment option not only in revision settings, but also in primary treatment for femoroacetabular impingement and labral pathology
Contemporary family sponsorship and older parent reunification immigration under New Zealand’s neoliberal immigration regime
Authors: Liu Liangni Sally , Ran Guanyu Jason 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA neoliberal immigration regime often takes an “economic” lens to frame and reframe immigration regulation based on a rational cost–benefit analysis of what immigration might bring to immigration-receiving countries. Under such a regime, skilled and business immigration is framed as an “economic” immigration category, which can channel in financial and human capital, while family and international humanitarian immigration is regarded as a “social” immigration category assumed to produce immigrants who are more dependent and not able to bring immediate and direct economic gain for immigrant-receiving countries. In New Zealand (NZ), such a neoliberal trend is very much alive within its contemporary immigration policy development. The paper aims to illustrate the neoliberal trend of NZ immigration policy that relates to the entry of immigrants’ family members, especially the older parents. In order to achieve this goal, a detailed review of the evolving NZ family immigration policy over the last three decades and a descriptive analysis of NZ family immigration intake will be presented. By combining the policy review and descriptive analysis together, the paper can inform a better understanding of how the neoliberal immigration regime has had an impact on the patterns of family immigration in NZ.
Organosolv pretreatment of oat husk using oxalic acid as an alternative organic acid and its potential applications in biorefinery
Authors: Sar Taner , Arifa Vina Hasna , Hilmy Muhammad Raihan , Ferreira Jorge A. , Wikandari Rachma , Millati Ria , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, ethanol organosolv treatment of oat husk and the potential effects of phosphoric acid and oxalic acid as alternatives to sulfuric acid were investigated. These acids were determined as effective as sulfuric acid to obtain high quality lignin and glucan and they can be used instead of sulfuric acid in solvent acidification. To determine the purity and recovery of both lignin and glucan, the effects of initial substrate amount, solid-to-liquid ratio, and amount of washing solutions were also examined using a one-factor-at-a-time strategy. Reducing the amount of washing solutions (water, solvent, or both) negatively affected lignin recovery, but it did not affect glucan recovery. The optimum conditions for pretreatment of the oat husk at higher glucan recovery were obtained with 50% aqueous ethanol acidified with oxalic acid at 210 °C for 90 min and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2. In the mixture of evaporated glucan-rich and hemicellulose-rich fractions obtained through the optimized condition, 4.62 g/L biomass containing 10.27% protein was produced by the cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae. The fractions obtained from organosolv treatment can be used to obtain value-added products such as biomass production, and thus contributing to a sustainable economy by integrating lignocellulosic substrate residues into the biorefinery.
Development of a Method for Assessing Country-Based Flood Risk at the Global Scale
Authors: Imamura Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInternational frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015−2030 require the quantification of country-based flood risk. However, few approaches at the global scale include the three necessary components (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability) for determining disaster risk and are country-based assessments, owing to major challenges such as limited data availability and vulnerability proxy selection. Therefore, in this study, a method was developed with the following features: Incorporating the hazard, exposure, and vulnerability components; Applicable to the vast majority of countries in the world; Visualizing priority countries and illustrating effective measures and strategies; Clear and easy to understand by leaders and decision makers of international organizations, governments, and other stakeholders; Identifying each country’s challenges and providing guidance on specific issues for more detailed investigation and policy creation; Including more extensive factors compared with past studies. In Asia and the Pacific, the Flood Risk Index computed by the developed method is compared with the fatality ratio, and the results show that improving flood resilience secures people and society regardless of the magnitude and frequency of floods. Analysis at the global scale visualizes regional tendencies and indicates that countries closer to the equator have higher flood risk. Analysis of country-based flood risk based on five indicators demonstrates that the developed method can assist international organizations, governments, and other stakeholders to further examine country-specific conditions and establish and implement policies and strategies toward building a resilient society and achieving international targets.
Preferred Attributes of Care Pathways for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea from the Perspective of Diagnosed Patients and High-Risk Individuals: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Natsky Andrea N. , Vakulin Andrew , Chai-Coetzer Ching Li , McEvoy R. Doug , Adams Robert J. , Kaambwa Billingsley 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The current healthcare system is challenged with a large and rising demand for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) services. A paradigm shift in OSA management is required to incorporate the preferences of diagnosed patients and individuals at high risk of OSA.

Objectives
This study aimed to provide empirical evidence of the values and preferences of individuals diagnosed with OSA and high-risk populations regarding distinct OSA care pathway features.

Methods
A discrete choice experiment was undertaken in two groups: those with a formal diagnosis of OSA (n = 421) and those undiagnosed but at high risk of having OSA (n = 1033). Participants were recruited from a large cross-sectional survey in Australia. The discrete choice experiment approach used mixed-logit regression models to determine preferences relating to eight salient features of the OSA management pathway, i.e. initial assessment provider, sleep study setting, diagnosis costs, waiting times, results interpretation, treatment options, provider of ongoing care and frequency of follow-up visits.

Results
The findings indicate that all eight attributes investigated were statistically significant factors for respondents. Generally, both groups preferred low diagnostic costs, fewer follow-up visits, minimum waiting time for sleep study results and sleep specialists to recommend treatment. Management of OSA in primary care was acceptable to both groups and was the most preferred option by the high-risk group for the initial assessment, sleep study testing and ongoing care provision.

Conclusions
The discrete choice experiment results offer a promising approach for systematic incorporation of patient and high-risk group preferences into the future design and delivery of care pathways for OSA management.