bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cr2O3 nanosheet insertion on the deuterium permeation behavior of a Cr-Zr-O coating
Authors: TIAN Xinluo , LI Heping , ZHENG Liyu , LI Fangjian , ZHENG Zhongyang , YIN Shengming , WANG Xinyun , YAN Youwei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, a Cr2O3 nanosheet (Cr2O3 NS) inserted Cr-Zr-O coating was developed as a hydrogen isotope permeation barrier. The Cr2O3 NSs, fabricated by rapid heat treatment, were amorphous with a thickness of only several nanometers. These Cr2O3 NSs were then incorporated into a Cr-Zr-O multi-metal oxide composite coating via a dip-coating method to form a coating. The effect of the Cr2O3 NS concentration on the morphology, microstructure and deuterium permeation resistance of the coating was studied. With the addition of 1.0 g l−1 Cr2O3 NSs, compared with the Cr-Zr-O coating without NSs, the permeation reduction factor of the resultant coating was enhanced from 249 °C to 575 °C at 500 °C. The coating, with a thickness of nearly 193 nm, achieved a comparable deuterium resistance that was above two orders of magnitude higher than the steel substrate. The results show that ceramic NSs can serve as effective fillers for enhancing the coating performance when functioning as a hydrogen isotope barrier.
Validity of Visuoconstructional Assessment Methods within Healthy Elderly Greek Australians: Quantitative and Error Analysis
Authors: Staios Mathew , Nielsen T Rune , Kosmidis Mary H , Papadopoulos Alexandra , Kokkinias Arthur , Velakoulis Dennis , Tsiaras Yiannis , March Evrim , Stolwyk Renerus J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Visuospatial skills are frequently assessed with drawing tests. Research has suggested that the use of drawing tasks in low educated groups may lack the ability to discriminate healthy individuals from clinical populations. The aims of this study were to investigate the validity of visuoconstructional tests in a sample of older Greek Australian immigrants and compare their performances to a matched sample of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (ad).

Method
We assessed visuoconstructional performances in a sample of 90 healthy older Greek Australians, with a primary school level of education, and compared performances to a demographically matched sample of 20 Greek Australians with a diagnosis of ad on four visuoconstructional drawing tests: Greek cross, four-pointed star, intersecting pentagons, and the Necker Cube.

Results
While healthy participants tended to outperform the ad group on most copy tasks, high fail rates within the healthy sample were observed for the intersecting pentagons and Necker cube (78% and 73% fail rates, respectively) when using established clinical cut-off scores. High rates of curved angle, omission, distorted relation between elements, spatial disorganization and three-dimensional design errors were found across the four-pointed star, intersecting pentagons, and the Necker cube in both healthy participants and those with ad. Exploratory receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that, with perhaps the exception of the Greek cross, meaningful sensitivity and specificity could not be reached for the four-pointed star, intersecting pentagons, and Necker cube.

Conclusion
Cognitively healthy immigrants with low education appear to be at a disadvantage when completing visuoconstructional drawing tests, as their performance may be misinterpreted as indicating cognitive impairment. Future research is needed to identify alternative approaches to assess visuoconstructional ability in culturally and linguistically diverse older cohorts with limited education.
Young climbers successfully avoid predators: survival behavioural strategy of juveniles of the land snail Ezohelix gainesi
Authors: Niwa Shigeru , Osada Noriyuki , Saeki Ikuyo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Predation risk has a great influence on animal behaviour. Juveniles are often more susceptible to predation than adults owing to their small body size and limited locomotive ability. Ezohelix gainesi (Camaenidae) is a ground-dwelling land snail that swings its shell as a strategy to avoid predation by beetles. This strategy, however, does not seem to work in juveniles, probably because of their small shell size. Instead, small individuals climb plants as an alternative strategy that is likely to avoid predation; to examine this, we initially made an experimental comparison of the rates of predation by beetles on land snails of different sizes. In these conditions, smaller snails were preyed upon more frequently than larger ones. Next, we compared the size distribution of snails on plants with those on the forest floor. Small snails occurred more frequently on plants than on the ground, and the shell diameter of land snails at 50% probability of occurring on plants was similar to that at 50% probability of predation. Climbing behaviour by small snails was also confirmed in the laboratory in the absence of predators. Therefore, plant-climbing by juvenile E. gainesi is probably an adaptive strategy to avoid predation by ground-dwelling beetles.
PipersectionMuldera(Piperaceae) of the Malay Peninsula: variation and species limits
Authors: Asmarayani Rani 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpecies limits in Piper spp. have been unstable, with specimens often assigned to different species by different botanists. Using a strongly supported clade of Asian Piper section Muldera, I investigated species boundaries in the eight Malay Peninsula species using morphological, anatomical and molecular approaches. I assessed morphological variation using principal component analysis (PCA) and a model-based clustering method. Herbarium specimens and samples collected in the field were examined, and the latter were also used to examine variation in vegetative anatomy. Potential evidence of reciprocal monophyly of species came from the molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ITS and g3pdh and plastid trnL-F. Morphological analyses did not lend support for any of the hypothesized species from the Malay Peninsula. Nuclear phylogenetic trees supported a combination of Piper schizonephros, Piper polygynum and Piper maingayi as a single species that might also have a distinct distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the mesophyll of the leaf and a prominently raised leaf midrib raise. Nevertheless, shared characters between this species and some, but not all, of the other morphogroups, and paraphyly of other morphogroups in the phylogenetic analyses, might suggest hybridization or lateral gene transfer among species of the section Muldera. In-depth population studies coupled with examination of morphological variation for all species of the section Muldera, including those from outside the Malay Peninsula, are necessary to disentangle the species limits and ultimately the evolutionary history in this group.
SeqMask: Behavior Extraction Over Cyber Threat Intelligence Via Multi-Instance Learning
Authors: Ge Wenhan , Wang Junfeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Identification and extraction of Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) for Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) restore the full picture of cyber attacks and guide the analysts to assess the system risk. Existing frameworks can hardly provide uniform and complete processing mechanisms for TTPs information extraction without adequate knowledge background. A multi-instance learning approach named SeqMask is proposed in this paper as a solution. SeqMask extracts behavior keywords from CTI evaluated by the semantic impact, and predicts TTPs labels by conditional probabilities. Still, the framework has two mechanisms to determine the validity of keywords. One using expert experience verification. The other verifies the distortion of the classification effect by blocking existing keywords. In the experiments, SeqMask reached 86.07% and 73.99% in F1 scores for TTPs classifications. For the top 20% of keywords, the expert approval rating is 92.20%, where the average repetition of keywords whose scores between 100% and 90% is 60.02%. Particularly, when the top 65% of the keywords were blocked, the F1 decreased to about 50%; when removing the top 50%, the F1 was under 31%. Further, we also validate the possibility of extracting TTPs from full-size CTI and malware whose F1 are improved by 2.16% and 0.81%.
New therapies for obesity
Authors: Papamargaritis Dimitris , le Roux Carel W , Holst Jens J , Davies Melanie J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease associated with serious complications and increased mortality. Weight loss (WL) through lifestyle changes results in modest WL long-term possibly due to compensatory biological adaptations (increased appetite and reduced energy expenditure) promoting weight gain. Bariatric surgery was until recently the only intervention that consistently resulted in ≥ 15% WL and maintenance. Our better understanding of the endocrine regulation of appetite has led to the development of new medications over the last decade for the treatment of obesity with main target the reduction of appetite. The efficacy of semaglutide 2.4 mg/week—the latest glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor analogue—on WL for people with obesity suggests that we are entering a new era in obesity pharmacotherapy where ≥15% WL is feasible. Moreover, the WL achieved with the dual agonist tirzepatide (GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) for people with type 2 diabetes and most recently also obesity, indicate that combining the GLP-1 with other gut hormones may lead to additional WL compared with GLP-1 receptor analogues alone and in the future, multi-agonist molecules may offer the potential to bridge further the efficacy gap between bariatric surgery and the currently available pharmacotherapies.
The Material basis of Cooperation: how Scarcity Reduces Trusting Behaviour
Authors: Agneman Gustav , Falco Paolo , Joel Exaud , Selejio Onesmo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTrusting behaviour is a cornerstone of cooperation and, hence, economic performance, not least in poorer communities where economic transactions often rely on informal agreements. But trusting behaviour is potentially costly since the counterpart may decide to defect. In this study, we investigate whether food scarcity influences the level of trusting behaviour in rural Tanzania by leveraging quasi-experimental variation in food supply induced by the harvest. Through a lab-in-the-field experiment, we document that farmers display lower levels of trusting behaviour during the lean season compared to the abundant season and show that the difference is explained by variation in food scarcity.
Insulin/IGF-dependent Wnt signaling promotes formation of germline tumors and other developmental abnormalities following early-life starvation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Shaul Nathan C , Jordan James M , Falsztyn Ivan B , Ryan Baugh L 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis postulates that early-life stressors can predispose people to disease later in life. In the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, prolonged early-life starvation causes germline tumors, uterine masses, and other gonad abnormalities to develop in well-fed adults. Reduction of insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) during larval development suppresses these starvation-induced abnormalities. However, molecular mechanisms at play in formation and suppression of starvation-induced abnormalities are unclear. Here we describe mechanisms through which early-life starvation and reduced IIS affect starvation-induced abnormalities. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that expression of genes in the Wnt signaling pathway is upregulated in adults starved as young larvae, and that knockdown of the insulin/IGF receptor daf-2/InsR decreases their expression. Reduction of Wnt signaling through RNAi or mutation reduced starvation-induced abnormalities, and hyperactivation of Wnt signaling produced gonad abnormalities in worms that had not been starved. Genetic and reporter-gene analyses suggest that Wnt signaling acts downstream of IIS in the soma to cell-nonautonomously promote germline hyperproliferation. In summary, this work reveals that IIS-dependent transcriptional regulation of Wnt signaling promotes starvation-induced gonad abnormalities, illuminating signaling mechanisms that contribute to adult pathology following early-life starvation.
Did the Far Right Breed a New Variety of Foreign Policy? The Case of Bolsonaro's “More-Bark-Than-Bite” Brazil
Authors: Belém Lopes Dawisson , Carvalho Thales , Santos Vinicius 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Far-right populist leaders often take office promising a revolution in policies. They project themselves as counterpoints to other political competitors and defend radical positions regarding a set of issues. These contents may include nationalistic–chauvinistic measures, antienvironmental attitudes, conservative postures toward human rights, and religious leaning. According to our framework, though, leaders will only be able to pursue sharp foreign policy changes in pluralistic societies if, first, they win internal disputes at policymaking venues. Second, some policies will depend on external support or, at least, the non-imposition of unsurmountable obstacles. An acute foreign policy change may occur if such “battles” are won—home and abroad. Otherwise, a few incremental and superficial shifts are the maximum outcomes these leaders can get. A within-case study on Bolsonaro's Brazil provides useful evidence for our argument.
Introduction
Authors: Klein Natalie , Parlett Kate 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The introductory chapter to Judging the Law of the Sea first provides an overview of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), indicating the diverse ocean matters addressed in UNCLOS as well as its general importance in the international legal system. Secondly, the chapter focuses on the existing process to settle international disputes under Part XV of UNCLOS. It explains why compulsory jurisdiction was included in UNCLOS and what choice exists between different courts and tribunals to settle law of the sea disputes. Thirdly, the chapter reflects on the role of dispute settlement under UNCLOS and the key goals for UNCLOS dispute settlement, taking into account the broader debate about the role of international courts in international law. The chapter concludes with an outline of Judging the Law of the Sea.
Preliminary, Incidental, and Other Proceedings
Authors: Klein Natalie , Parlett Kate 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses how jurisdiction is established for arbitration or adjudication under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). In particular, it considers the existence of a dispute, the requirement to exchange views, and addresses whether alternative methods of international dispute settlement must be used instead of arbitration or adjudication under UNCLOS. The chapter sets out the most common objections to the admissibility of disputes in UNCLOS dispute settlement, including standing, estoppel, indispensable third parties, exhaustion of local remedies, and clean hands. The chapter addresses the main incidental and other proceedings that have arisen in UNCLOS dispute settlement to date and focuses on jurisdictional issues in these cases. These proceedings include the prescription of provisional measures, counter-claims, and proceedings to secure the prompt release of vessels under Article 292 of UNCLOS.
Influence of “Decide + Be Ready” Contraceptive Decision Aid on Pre-deployment Health Decisions
Authors: Wilcox Shelby A , Witkop Catherine T , Thagard Andrew S 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The number of active duty servicewomen and the career opportunities available to them continue to increase. Of the approximately 350,000 women in uniform, 97% are estimated to be of reproductive age, underscoring the importance of reproductive health care. This study aimed to explore the influence of the Decide + Be Ready (DABR) contraceptive decision aid on providing contraceptive knowledge, facilitating a servicewoman’s contraceptive choice before and during deployment, and enabling understanding of individual preferences around contraception in a population of active duty women most at risk for unintended pregnancy.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a qualitative study, recruiting active duty women between the ages of 17 and 24 with at least one prior deployment who were stationed at Naval Station Norfolk and presented for evaluation at a primary care clinic. Participants downloaded and reviewed the DABR application. A semi-structured interview was conducted and audio-recorded. Interviews were transcribed and underwent thematic analysis.

Results
Twenty women participated in the study over 2 weeks. Analysis revealed three overarching themes: perceived utility of and attitudes toward DABR, knowledge of and comfort with contraceptive options, and challenges specific to active duty women. In total, eight subthemes were also identified and explored.

Conclusions
The DABR app provided study participants with new information about contraception. Participants reported improved knowledge of gynecologic and reproductive health options available during deployment. Other findings raise interest for future studies exploring incorporation of peer validation in counseling and decision-making tools, challenges with the deployed environment for obstetric/gynecologic health, and medical support on naval deployments.
Adsorption of atomic hydrogen as driving vector for solid-gas processes on ices
Authors: Tieppo N , Pauzat F , Parisel O , Ellinger Y 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
A consensus has progressively developed that the path towards complex organic molecules could be favoured by the icy mantles of interstellar dust particles. However, the question of whether activation energy is required to promote those reactions is open. This work deals with the simplest process thought to increase complexity i.e. successive additions of a single atom (H). Two situations can be considered, the direct additions of H in the gas phase and the atomic hydrogenation processes on water ice surfaces available in the interstellar medium (ISM). The synthesis of methanol, largely discussed in the literature is revisited as a case study. Computational investigations of the reactions leading from CO to CH3OH show that, with [H...(H2O)n] complexes as hydrogenation vectors, all steps of the process are barrier-less, contrary to the gas phase process and this, whatever the level of theory considered. The key parameter is the position of the CO + [H...(H2O)n] initial system on the global energy scale. At the present level of theory, when H is pre-adsorbed on the ice, the system happens to be high enough above the reaction path, namely, above any intermediates and possible transition states. This is true whatever the dimension of the ice support, even for the simplest model of one H2O molecule. Application of such a simplified synthetic approach, here validated for the synthesis of methanol, could be generalized, providing a simple way to get a fair insight into the important class of atomic hydrogenations on ices in the ISM.
FER and LecRK show haplotype-dependent cold-responsiveness and mediate freezing tolerance in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Mustamin Yusdar , Akyol Turgut Yigit , Gordon Max , Manggabarani Andi Madihah , Isomura Yoshiko , Kawamura Yasuko , Bamba Masaru , Williams Cranos , Andersen Stig Uggerhøj , Sato Shusei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many plant species have succeeded in colonizing a wide range of diverse climates through local adaptation, but the underlying molecular genetics remain obscure. We previously found that winter survival was a direct target of selection during colonization of Japan by the perennial legume Lotus japonicus and identified associated candidate genes. Here, we show that two of these, FERONIA-receptor like kinase (LjFER) and a S-receptor-like kinase gene (LjLecRK), are required for non-acclimated freezing tolerance and show haplotype-dependent cold-responsive expression. Our work suggests that recruiting a conserved growth regulator gene, FER, and a receptor-like kinase gene, LecRK, into the set of cold-responsive genes has contributed to freezing tolerance and local climate adaptation in L. japonicus, offering functional genetic insight into perennial herb evolution.
How Has COVID-19 Impacted Research Production in Economics and Finance?
Authors: Kruger Samuel , Maturana Gonzalo , Nickerson Jordan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Following the onset of COVID-19, research production in economics and finance (measured by the posting of working papers) increased by 29$\%$. Production increases were widespread across geographies, job titles, departments, and ages with larger increases in top departments and for people under the age of 35. Men and women both experienced production increases with the exception of women between the age of 35 and 49, who experienced no production gains despite large increases for men in the same age group. COVID-19 increased reliance on past coauthorship networks, with larger production gains for authors that are more central to the network.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Gender mainstreaming research funding: a study of effects on STEM research proposals
Authors: Sjöö Karolin , Kaltenbrunner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolicymakers increasingly try to steer researchers to choose topics of societal concern and to conduct research in ways that reflect such concerns. One increasingly common approach is prompting researchers to integrate certain perspectives into the content of their research, but little is known about the effects of this governance modality. We analyze 1,189 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics research proposals submitted to the Swedish Research Council which, starting in 2020, required all applicants to consider including the sex and/or gender perspectives in their research. We identify three overarching strategies upon which researchers rely (content-, performer-, and impact-centered) and analyze the ways in which researchers across disciplines motivate, through text, the inclusion or exclusion of these perspectives. Based on our findings, we discuss the scope of the desired effect(s) of a requirement of this kind.