bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Cutworm Prevention, 1986
Authors: Foster David E. , Wintersteen Wendy K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of 3 liquid and 4 granular insecticides applied at planting for control of a natural infestation of black cutworm were tested near Leon, Decatur Co., IA. Corn was planted into soybean residue using a strip till method. Plots were planted on 5 May at a rate of 18,000 seed/acre on 38 inch rows. Eighteen treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Plots were 8 rows by 75 ft. Insecticide treatments were applied using the following procedures. Granular applications were made in a 7 inch band after planting, using an electrically powered John Deere bander mounted on a Honda 110 ATV. Broadcast treatments were applied using Tee-Jet 8004LP nozzles operated at 21 psi and delivering a volume of 20 gal/acre. Banded treatments were made in a 12-14 inch band with Tee-Jet 8003E nozzles, 17 psi, and a spray volume of 10 gal/acre. Stand counts were made on 13 May by establishing a 17.4 ft section at the center of each of the middle 2 rows in each plot and recording the number of plants. Eflicacy was evaluated on 20 May by determining the percent cut plants from the previously established stand count areas. Cut, wilted and missing plants were considered infested. Leaf feeding was not considered. Results were analyzed using an AOV. The means were ranked and separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. All data were normalized before analysis with a SQRT (X = 1.0) transformation. Cutworm flight activity in the area of the test field was monitored prior to and during the study period using a pherocon wing trap baited with a Sentury black cutworm pheromone septum.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1986
Authors: Hower Authur A. , Alexander Sandy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworm. Experiment I was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Corn (Doeblers 48X) was planted no-till on 14 May using a 6-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 15 by 90 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment. Rows 1 and 6 were nontreated guard rows. The plots averaged 94 plants per 80 ft of row. On 7 Aug five plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1 to 6 system with 6 being the most severe damage. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting 3 middle rows from each plot for shelled corn. Experiment II was conducted on the Gadsby farm near Kilgore, Mercer County, PA. Corn (Dekalb 484) was planted in conventionally tilled soil on 13 May using a 2-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 20 ft plots in a randomized complete block design. Root damage ratings were evaluated over the period of 7 Aug throgh 9 Aug taking five plants per plot and using the Iowa 1-6 system. On 29 Oct 17.5 ft of row was hand harvested per plot and yield was determined based on ear weight.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Contorl, 1985
Authors: Hower Authur A. , Alexander Sandy , Rebarchak Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworm. Experiment I was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Corn was planted on 15 May using a 6-row John Deere Max-Emerge planter with 30-in row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 15 by 90-ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment. Rows 1 and 6 were nontreated guard rows. The plots were thinned to 115 plants per 90 ft of row. On 31 Jul 5 plants from each replication were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1 to 6 system with 6 being the most severe damage. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting 3 middle rows from each plot for shelled corn. Experiment II was conducted on the Drew Smith farm near Pleasant Gap, Centre County PA. Corn was planted 21 May using a 2-row John Deere Max-Emerge no-till planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 50 ft plots in a randomized complete block design. The Dyfonate encapsulated was applied 22 May with flat fan drop nozzles over the row from a small plot sprayer. Root damage ratings were evaluated over the period of 7 through 9 Aug, taking 5 plants per plot and using the Iowa 1-6 system. On 25 Oct 17.5 ft of row was hand harvested per plot and yield was determined. Experiment III was conducted on the Dan Stoltzfus farm near Mill Hall, Clinton County, PA. Corn was planted on 21 May using the same planter and field design described in experiment II. Root damage was determined on 6 Aug and yield as determined on 23 Oct.
Apple, Miticide Evaluations, 1986
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 9 year old Redspur Delicious trees using single tree plots arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Treatment dates were 15 Apr (pink), 28 Apr (petal-fall), 22 May (2nd cover) and 13 Jun. Refer to the table for treatment dates for each material. Mites and eggs were counted by randomly selecting 25 leaves/replicate, brushing onto glass plates with a modified Henderson-McBurnie brushing machine and counting all motile forms and viable eggs with a binocular microscope.
Fall Armyworm Control in Field Corn, 1984
Authors: Johnson Douglas W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted on 20 Jun at the Research and Education Center, Princeton. Plots were 20 ft × 4 rows with 15 ft alley between blocks. Rows were spaced 40 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomzied complete block design. On 26 Jul, when ca. 70% of plants were infested, insecticide treatments were applied. All formulations were applied with a portable COa sprayer, at 30 psi utilizing 8004 flat fan nozzles delivering 26 gal/acre. Plots were sampled at 24 hr and 4 days post application.
Fall Army Worm Control in Field Corn, 1985
Authors: Johnson Douglas W. , Townsend Lee H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted 19 Jun at the Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY. Plots were 20 ft × 4 rows with 15 ft alley between blocks with 40 inch rows. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. On 25 Jul insecticide treatments were applied. All formulations were sprayed with a portable CO2 sprayer, at 30 psi utilizing 8004 flat fan nozzles delivering 26 gal/ acre. Plots were sampled at 24 h and 5 obviously damaged plants/plot were examined for the presence of live insects. The no. of plants with any live larvae and the no. of live larvae/plant were recorded.
European Corn Rorer and Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Field Corn, 1986
Authors: Moss Teresa P. , McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticidal treatments were examined to determine their efficacy in controlling European corn borer (ECB) and cereal leaf beetle (CLB) populations in conventionally planted field corn grown on the Bobby Yeatmen Farm in Richmond County, Virginia. The field was planted on 19 Apr '86 with the hybrid 'Southern States 3389' on a 36-inch row spacing. The insecticides were applied either as foliar sprays or granular applications on 6 Jun '86 and averaged 71.1 plants/50 ft. Foliar spray concentrates were applied with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer, using AL8002 nozzles, at 32.8 psi that delivered 32.6 gal of finished formulation per acre. Granular insecticides were applied directly in the whorl by using a hand-held gravity-flow granular applicator. Plots were 4 rows by 50 ft with 4 replications. Individual plots were evaluated periodically by examining all plants in 50 ft of row for the presence of European corn borer damaged plants and the number of cereal leaf beetle adults per 5 plants. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting 10 ft of row from 4 random sites in each plot.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1986
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Gray M. E. , Spike B. P. , Gifford J. M. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rootworm planting time, soil insecticide test plots were established at 6 Iowa locations. Two of these locations were also used for cultivation-time tests. The insecticide histories of the test fields were: Nashua and Sutherland—trap crop (no insecticide)/insecticide test plot, yearly alternation for at least the past 5 years; Ames—Lance '83, '84, '85, no insecticide '82; Clarence—Counter '82, Amaze '83, insecticide test plot '84, no insecticide '85; Kellogg—Furadan '82, Counter '83, '84, '85; Newell—no insecticide '82, '83, '85, insecticide test plot '84. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications for the root-protection trials and 8 replications for the Nashua, Newell and Sutherland yield trials. All treatments were applied to 50 ft length rows with 30 inch row spacing. The yield trials had double-row treatments. All other trials had single-row treatments. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Nobel® metering units that had been laboratory-calibrated to accurately deliver material at a tractor speed of 4 mph. The applicators were mounted on a 4-row John Deere® Max-Emerge™ 7100 integral planter equipped with ripple coulters. Drag chains were used for incorporation. Liquid insecticide formulations were applied immediately after planting with a small-plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheel applicator and pressurized with a CO2 canister. Liquids were applied in a 7 inch band over the row. Dyfonate 4EC, Dyfonate 4.6S, Furadan 4F and Lorsban 4E were applied with a Tee Jet® 8003E nozzle at 20 psi to deliver 10 gpa. Broot 50W and Lorsban 50W used a 8008E nozzle at 14 psi to deliver 20 gpa. A rake dragged lightly over the soil surface was used for incorporation. Cultivation-time insecticide applications were made with electrically driven Noble units mounted on the tool bar of a 2-row, rear mounted cultivator. Plastic tubes directed the insecticide to both sides of the corn row directly in front of the cultivator sweeps (basal treatment). A bander positioned directly over the plant whorl was used for the whorl treatment. Liquid insecticides were applied just prior to cultivation with the small-plot bicycle sprayer. In late Jul rootworm feeding was evaluated by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 equal to no feeding, and 6 equal to 3 nodes of roots completely destroyed). Chemical phytotoxicity was checked by taking stand counts and plant height measurements for each treatment. Lodging counts were taken in late Jul at Clarence and at harvest time at Nashua. The Nashua yield trial was machine harvested. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance procedures.
Western Corn Rootworm Cultivation Treatments, Akron, Colorado, 1986
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied 18 Jun over 10-14 inch plants with tractor-mounted modified Noble electric granule meters through 7-inch spreaders. Plots were single 50-ft rows arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Damage was evaluated on 15 Jul by rating 5 consecutive root systems per plot on the Iowa 1-6 scale. Soil type was a Platner Silt Loam with 1.8% organic matter and 8.5 pH. The field was planted to corn in 1984 and 1985. Treatments were applied approximately 10 days later than the recommended timing due to wet conditions.
Granules Applied at Cultivation, Laird, Colorado, 1986
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granule treatments were applied 26 Jun with tractor-mounted modified Noble electric granule meters through 7-inch spreaders held at 52 inches above the ground. Crop height was 36-42 inches at application. Plots were single 100-ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Damage was evaluated on 17 Jul by splitting 10 plants per plot with feeding scars from tassel to the first root node and counting larvae and pupae.
Cotton, Cotton Bollworm, Tobacco Budworm and Cotton Boll Weevil Control, 1986
Authors: All J. N. , Guillebeau P. L. , Javid A. , All J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 16 May at the University of Georgia Experiment Station at Midville, GA, in Dothan loamy sand soil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 6 row plots × 100 ft long × 38 inch row width × 15 ft alleys with 4 replicates. Plants were treated with a high cycle sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row at 60 psi in a final volume of 10 gal/acre. The test was sprayed 9 times beginning on 26 Jun, and continuing 3 Jul, 10 Jul, 17 Jul, 24 Jul, 31 Jul, 7 Aug, 14 Aug, and 21 Aug. Twenty-five squares or small bolls per replicate in each teatment were examined for worm or weevil damage and the presence of live worms or weevils on 26 Jun, 3 Jul, 10 Jul, 17 Jul, 24 Jul, 31 Jul, 7 Aug, 14 Aug, 21 Aug, and 26 Aug. Yield was determined by machine harvesting one middle row per plot on 16 Oct.
Evaluation of Capture(R) Insecticide/Miticide Tank Mix for Spider Mite Control in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Berger L. A. , Nemec S. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field plot studies were conducted to measure the efficacy of Capture(R) insecticide/miticide alone and in combinations for the control of spider mites in cotton. “D&PL 41“ cotton was planted 15 Apr in rows spaced 40 inches apart. Plots used in this study were 6 rows wide and 150 ft long (0.07 A) and were irrigated on 4 Jul and 12 Jul. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications of 4 treatments, including an untreated check plot. Foliar miticide treatments were topically applied using a ground sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal of solution per acre through two 6X hollow cone nozzles per row at 30 psi and 2 mph. One spray application was made on 8 Aug. Mite density levels were estimated in the field on 1 Aug (pretrt), 14 Aug, 16 Aug, and 20 Aug (at 6, 8, and 12 days posttreatment, respectively) by counting the number of adult female mites on 10 infested leaves per plot with the aid of a 5X lens. Orthene(R) insecticide was applied on 21 Jul, 3 Aug, and 16 Aug to eliminate western flower thrips as a factor in miticide evaluation. During the experiment, the plots received 2.2 inches of rain on 7 Jul, 0.2 inch on 8 Jul, 1.5 inch on 3 Aug, and 1.8 inch on 10 Aug.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides on Tarnished Plant Bugs, Cotton Fleahoppers, and Beneficial Arthro-Pods, 1986
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Burris Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large plot test was conducted on Thistle Ridge Plantation, St. Joseph, LA, to determine the relative efficacy of 7 insecticide treatments on tarnished plant bugs, cotton fleahoppers, and beneficial insects. Cotton seed treated with Orthene (75SP 6.4 oz (AI)/100 lb) was planted 29 Apr in a Tensas-Dundee soil. Terraclor Super × (Terraclor 1.0 lb + Terrazole 0.25 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in-furrow behind the planter as a systemic fungicide. Treatments consisted of 5 acre plots, replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied on 17 Jun using a John Deere high-clearance 6000 ground sprayer with 2 X-6 Teejet nozzles per row calibrated to deliver 5 gal finished spray/acre. Insects were sampled with a standard insect sweep net (15 inch dia) at 2 locations in each plot with 50 sweeps at each location.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Aphid Control on Cotton, 1986
Authors: Micinski Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve insecticide treatments were evaluated for aphid control at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Cotton was planted 13 May on 1.02-m centers. Plots were 8 rows × 30.5 m. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Treatments were applied on 25 Jul. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water/acre with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts were based on randomly collected 5 and 10-leaf samples, respectively. For all samples, each leaf collected was the third fully expanded leaf down from the terminal. No yield data were collected.
Evaluation of Thimet and Temik Soil Treatments on Early Season Insects and Yields in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Ratchford Kevin , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Burris Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied at planting on 30 Apr with a John Deere 7100 series planter, equipped with granular applicators, on loessial silt loam soil (Gigger-Gilbert complex) at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows (40 inches wide) × 50 ft. Cotton was furrow irrigated during droughty periods. Thrips and aphid infestations were determined by randomly collecting 5 plants from the center 2 rows of each plot on 9, 15, 21, 27 May and 3 and 11 Jun. Plants were immediately placed in 1 qt mason jars and transferred to the lab for processing. A solution of water, soap, and bleach was added to the jars, and the contents of individual jars were washed through a series of mesh sieves (#100 and #40) in order to separate insects from plant samples. In the final step of processing, the contents collected on the #100 mesh seive were washed into a Buchner funnel and collected on filter paper for observation under the microscope. Plant heights were determined by randomly sampling 10 plants from each plot. The test was oversprayed with conventional pyrethroids at recommended rates for control of major pests during Aug and Sep. The test was defoliated with Harvade (0.5 pt/acre) on 15 Sep. The center 2 rows of each plot were mechanically harvested on 25 Sep and 16 Oct. Yields were converted to lb seed cotton/acre.
Apple, Dilute Test of Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of York Imperial. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were planted to a spacing of 6.1 x 10.7 m. Sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 6.5 gallons of spray were applied per replicate. Dates of applications were: 13 and 28 May, 12 and 26 Jun, 15 and 29 Jul, 12 and 27 Aug. For the RH-7988 treatments Guthion 50WP (114 g/100 gals) was substituted on 13 and 28 May, 15 Jul, 12 and 27 Aug. Swat was applied only on 13 May, 12 and 26 Jun, and 29 Jul. On the UC-84572 plus Triton Ag-98 treatment, PA-10 was dropped after 13 May due to excess foaming, Triton AG-98 was substituted in remaining sprays. Effectiveness on the apple aphid was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves/10 top termianls, and aphids/most infested leaf. The effect of sprays on white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on European red mite, twospotted spider mite and predator mites was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Spotted tentiform leafminer was evaluated by a 5-minute count of mines around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and two picked samples on 25 Aug and 16 Sep. Apple samples averaged 181 fruits/replicate and 724/treatment. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/ replicate, 120 treatment. Fruits were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe).
Evaluation of Held Enhancement Applications with Lorsban and Galecron in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Ratchford Kevin , Burns Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 825 cotton was planted 1 May on loessial silt loam (Gigger-Gilbert complex) soil at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. Plots were 8 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All plots received an in-furrow treatment of Terraclor Super-X fungicide (0.25 + 1.0 lb (AI)/acre) at planting. Foliar insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with 2 X-3 hollow cone nozzles/row. The center six rows of all plots were sprayed in order to reduce drift.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Tarnished Plant Bug on Cotton in Mississippi, 1986
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Hurst Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sixteen insecticide treatments were evaluated on 4 row (40 inch centers) by 49 ft long plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Plots were planted 6 May in a 4 row skip pattern with mustard planted (23 Apr) in the center two rows of the 4 row skip to encourage plant bug establishment. Plots were delimited by alleys formed by cultivating across the rows between plots with a 4 row cultivator. The mustard was cut on 12 Jun and the plant bug population was allowed to establish on the cotton. Insecticides were applied 16 and 20 Jun with a high clearance tractor equipped with 3 TX-3 nozzles per row with 15 inch drops between rows. Evaluations were made by shaking the plants on 3 row ft of two rows onto a 40 inch square cloth and counting plantbugs and beneficial insects.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Early Season Thrips Control in Mississippi, 1986
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifteen treatments were evaluated for early season thrips control on cotton planted 6 May with seed treated with fungicide only. Plots were 6 rows (40 inch centers) by 49 ft long and were delimited by alleys formed by cultivating across the rows between plots with a 4 row cultivator. Granular applications were made with Gandy applicators to the center 4 rows of the plots at planting. Spray applications were made with a spray tractor equipped with a single TX-4 nozzle/row calibrated for 5 gal/acre on a 12 inch band. Spray treatments were applied on 22 and 30 May (Lorsban 4E was applied only on 30 May). Thrips were counted by beating 10 plants per plot over a small box covered with 0.25 inch hardware cloth and counting the thrips in the box. Insect damage and plant vigor were rated by visual estimations on a comparative basis. Vigor was evaluated on the basis of plant color and overall appearance. Stand count was evaluated as the number of plants in 3 row-ft in one of the 2 center rows of each plot. Yield was taken from 1 of the 2 center rows by mechanical picker on 7 Oct. All plots received additional applications of insecticides for control of boll weevil, aphids and Heliothis spp. larvae as needed throughout the season.