bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Cochlear Recordings in Humans Show a Theta Rhythmic Modulation of Auditory Nerve Activity by Selective Attention
Authors: Gehmacher Quirin , Reisinger Patrick , Hartmann Thomas , Keintzel Thomas , Rösch Sebastian , Schwarz Konrad , Weisz Nathan 
Published: January 2022

The architecture of the efferent auditory system enables prioritization of strongly overlapping spatiotemporal cochlear activation patterns elicited by relevant and irrelevant inputs. So far, attempts at finding such attentional modulations of cochlear activity delivered indirect insights in humans or required direct recordings in animals. The extent to which spiral ganglion cells forming the human auditory nerve are sensitive to selective attention remains largely unknown. We investigated this question by testing the effects of attending to either the auditory or visual modality in human cochlear implant (CI) users (3 female, 13 male). Auditory nerve activity was directly recorded with standard CIs during a silent (anticipatory) cue-target interval. When attending the upcoming auditory input, ongoing auditory nerve activity within the theta range (5-8 Hz) was enhanced. Crucially, using the broadband signal (4-25 Hz), a classifier was even able to decode the attended modality from single-trial data. Follow-up analysis showed that the effect was not driven by a narrow frequency in particular. Using direct cochlear recordings from deaf individuals, our findings suggest that cochlear spiral ganglion cells are sensitive to top-down attentional modulations. Given the putatively broad hair-cell degeneration of these individuals, the effects are likely mediated by alternative efferent pathways compared with previous studies using otoacoustic emissions. Successful classification of single-trial data could additionally have a significant impact on future closed-loop CI developments that incorporate real-time optimization of CI parameters based on the current mental state of the user.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe efferent auditory system in principle allows top-down modulation of auditory nerve activity; however, evidence for this is lacking in humans. Using cochlear recordings in participants performing an audiovisual attention task, we show that ongoing auditory nerve activity in the silent cue-target period is directly modulated by selective attention. Specifically, ongoing auditory nerve activity is enhanced within the theta range when attending upcoming auditory input. Furthermore, over a broader frequency range, the attended modality can be decoded from single-trial data. Demonstrating this direct top-down influence on auditory nerve activity substantially extends previous works that focus on outer hair cell activity. Generally, our work could promote the use of standard cochlear implant electrodes to study cognitive neuroscientific questions.
Differential Activity-Dependent Increase in Synaptic Inhibition and Parvalbumin Interneuron Recruitment in Dentate Granule Cells and Semilunar Granule Cells
Authors: Afrasiabi Milad , Gupta Akshay , Xu Huaying , Swietek Bogumila , Santhakumar Vijayalakshmi 
Published: January 2022

Strong inhibitory synaptic gating of dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs), attributed largely to fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs), is essential to maintain sparse network activity needed for dentate dependent behaviors. However, the contribution of PV-INs to basal and input-driven sustained synaptic inhibition in GCs and semilunar granule cells (SGCs), a sparse morphologically distinct dentate projection neuron subtype, is currently unknown. In studies conducted in hippocampal slices from mice, we find that although basal IPSCs are more frequent in SGCs and optical activation of PV-INs reliably elicited IPSCs in both GCs and SGCs, optical suppression of PV-INs failed to reduce IPSC frequency in either cell type. Amplitude and kinetics of IPSCs evoked by perforant path (PP) activation were not different between GCs and SGCs. However, the robust increase in sustained polysynaptic IPSCs elicited by paired afferent stimulation was lower in SGCs than in simultaneously recorded GCs. Optical suppression of PV-IN selectively reduced sustained IPSCs in SGCs but not in GCs. These results demonstrate that PV-INs, while contributing minimally to basal synaptic inhibition in both GCs and SGCs in slices, mediate sustained feedback inhibition selectively in SGCs. The temporally selective blunting of activity-driven sustained inhibitory gating of SGCs could support their preferential and persistent recruitment during behavioral tasks.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur study identifies that feedback inhibitory regulation of dentate semilunar granule cells (SGCs), a sparse and functionally distinct class of projection neurons, differs from that of the classical projection neurons, GCs. Notably, we demonstrate relatively lower activity-dependent increase in sustained feedback inhibitory synaptic inputs to SGCs when compared with GCs which would facilitate their persistent activity and preferential recruitment as part of memory ensembles. Since dentate GC activity levels during memory processing are heavily shaped by basal and feedback inhibition, the fundamental differences in basal and evoked sustained inhibition between SGCs and GCs characterized here provide a framework to reorganize current understanding of the dentate circuit processing.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Instructional Approach Learning pada Mata Kuliah Kemampuan Dasar Mengajar Kimia
Authors: Kurniati Tuti 
Published: January 2022

Teachers must have competency standards in carrying out their duties. The competencies that must be possessed by professional teachers are pedagogic competence, professional competence, personal competence and social competence. In order for students to master the four competence and basic skills of teaching it is necessary to develop modul materials based on instructional approach learning. The purpose of this research is to develop modul materials. Ths research following 3D model of Thiagarajan which consists of the definition stage, the design stage and the development stage. Â The result of the research shows are the validity of the material aspect is 97.5% and the media is 87.5% in valid criteria. Practicality based on the value of the student response questionnaire in the individual trial was 95.8% and the small group test wa 89.6% which was considered very practical.
The Analysis of Students’ Mental Models Using Macromedia Flash-Based Learning Media on Molecular Shapes Lesson
Authors: Siregar Erlina Azmi , Kurniawati Yenni 
Published: January 2022

The profile of studentsâ€™ mental model was very needed to know student successes and difficulties in describing macroscopic, submicroscopic, symbolic representation as the characteristics of chemistry. This research aimed at analyzing the profile of studentsâ€™ mental model of experimental and control groups, and knowing the effect of Macromedia Flash based learning media toward studentsâ€™ mental model at the tenth grade of MIA.Â This research was conducted in the Academic Year of 2019/2020 at State Senior High School 1 Pekanbaru on Molecular Shapes lesson. It was Mixed Method Research integrating qualitative and quantitative researches with explanatory design. There were 20 students as the samples selected by using Simple Random sampling technique.Â Instruments used in this research were two-tier diagnostic test and interview to strengthen the data obtained. The results of analyzing the data showed that the profile of studentsâ€™ mental model of experimental group using Macromedia Flash based learning media overall had 70% intact mental model and 30% alternative mental model, the control group students had 37% intact mental model and 63% alternative mental model.Â The research findings also showed that there was an effect of Macromedia Flash based learning media toward studentsâ€™ mental model.Â The result of hypothesis testing that SPSS was used to help showed sig. (2-tailed) 0.000, it meant that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. Â
Suicide Risk in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lantos John D. , Yeh Hung-Wen , Raza Fajar , Connelly Mark , Goggin Kathy , Sullivant Shayla A. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created high levels of psychological distress and may have increased suicide risk.

METHODS
We used the 4-item Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) to assess suicide risk among all patients 12 to 24 years of age at a children’s hospital. We compared demographics, encounter type (telehealth or face-to-face [F2F]), and screening results from April to June 2020 (T2) to those from April to June 2019 (T1).

RESULTS
Fewer patients were seen at T2 than T1 (17 986 vs 24 863). A greater proportion of visits at T2 were by telehealth (0% vs 43%). The rate of positive suicide screens was higher in T2 than in T1 (12.2% vs 11.1%, adjusted odds ration [aOR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.35). The odds of a positive screen were greater for older patients (aOR of 1.12 for age in years; 95% CI, 1.10–1.14), female patients (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 2.00–2.48), patients with public versus private insurance (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.72–2.07), and lower for Black versus White patients (aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77–0.95). Rates of positive screens were highest among inpatients (20.0%), intermediate for emergency department patients (14.4%), and lowest in outpatient clinics (9.9%) (P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Rates of positive suicide risk screens among adolescents rose in the pandemic’s early months with differences related to sociodemographics and visit type. Changes in health care delivery highlight the complexities of assessing and responding to mental health needs of adolescents. Additional research might determine the effects of screening methods and patient populations on screening results.
İslami Hisse Senedi Piyasalarında Finansal Sıkıntı Riskinin Altman-Z ve Springate Modelleri ile İncelenmesi: Katılım 50 Endeksi Örneği
Authors: GÜÇLÜ Fatih 
Published: January 2022

Finansal sıkıntı temel olarak işletmelerin finansal yükümlülüklerini zamanında yerine getirememesidir.	İşletme içi ve dışı çeşitli faktörlerin etkisiyle ortaya çıkan finansal sıkıntı, önceden tahmin edilmesi ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması halinde iflasa dönüşmeyebilir. Çeşitli nitel ve nicel ölçütlerin filtrelemesiyle oluşturulan İslami hisse senedi endekslerinde yer alan işletmelerin finansal sıkıntı ve iflas riski tahminleri de önem arz eden bir husustur. Literatürdeki yaygın görüş, İslami hisse senedi endekslerinde yer alan firmaların, kullanılan ölçütler nedeniyle daha düşük risk içerdiği yönündedir. Çünkü söz konusu işletmeler diğer işletmelere göre daha düşük borçlanma seviyelerine sahiptir. Karşıt görüşlerinden biri ise bu işletmelerin borçlanma kapasitelerinin düşük olması nedeniyle büyüme ve performans açısından zorluklarla karşılaştığıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da bir İslami hisse senedi endeksi olan Katılım 50 endeksinde yer alan işletmelerin finansal sıkıntı risklerinin tahmin edilmesidir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, finansal sıkıntı ve iflas riskinin tahmininde Altman-Z’ (1983), Altman-Z” (1993) ve Springate (1978) modelleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada Katılım 50 endeksinde yer alan 14 işletmenin 2016-2020 dönemi yıllık finansal raporlarından derlenen ikincil veri seti kullanılmıştır.	Örneklemi oluşturan 14 işletme belirlenirken kasti örneklem yöntemi tercih edilmiş ve 2021 yılı Temmuz dönemi itibariyle endekste yer alan şirketler arasından, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında en az bir dönem endekste bulunan işletmeler örnekleme dahil edilmiştir. Altman-Z” ve Springate modellerinin sonuçlarına göre, çalışma kapsamında incelenen firmalardan yalnızca biri tüm dönemler için finansal sıkıntı riski ile karşı karşıya bulunmaktadır. Diğer işletmeler analiz sonuçlarına göre sağlıklı bir finansal yapıya sahip bulunmakta ve yakın gelecekte finansal sıkıntı ve iflas riskleri bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, İslami endeks kriterlerine uygun olan hisse senetlerinin genel anlamda sağlıklı bir finansal yapıya sahip oldukları görülmektedir.
INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DO ENSINO DA HISTÓRIA DA PSICOLOGIA NO BRASIL: DA REFORMA BENJAMIN CONSTANT, AO CURRÍCULO MÍNIMO E ÀS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES NACIONAIS
Authors: Miez Walter Aristóteles , Silva Luisa Xavier de Brito 
Published: January 2022

A História da Psicologia está contemplada nos currículos da graduação em Psicologia posta como orientação base para a formação dada a sua relevância ao discutir “fundamentos epistemológicos e históricos” e a promoção de uma formação crítica.
Investiga-se os momentos históricos da institucionalização do ensino da disciplina História da Psicologia no Brasil, desde a desde a Reforma Benjamin Constant, passando pelo Currículo Mínimo e culminando nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Pretendemos, destacar os caminhos da concepção e institucionalização da disciplina da História da Psicologia no Brasil, e os caminhos que a consolidaram como um campo de formação, pesquisa e extensão.
O trabalho se organiza através da análise de doze documentos legais referentes ao ensino de Psicologia, discutindo: modelos curriculares, perspectivas que apresentam diferentes histórias da Psicologia, bem como seu impacto na construção de memórias do campo científico e a colaboração para a formação profissional.
Ocular associations in hyperlipidaemia: A rural hospital based study
Authors: Spoorthy S  , Chandana S  
Published: January 2022

The incidence of hypercholesterolemia is ever increasing as the co morbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stressful life is on a rise. Ocular conditions associated with hypercholesterolemia are issues which are minimally discussed. : This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019. Complete eye examination was performed including visual acuity examination, refraction, tear film evaluation, slit lamp examination, measurement of intraocular pressure using rebound tonometer, gonioscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy Total of 81 patients were examined, out of which males were 55, females were 26. Most common ocular finding was Xanthoma and Xanthelasma in 61(70%) patients. Arcus juvenalis was noted in 12 (14.63%), Lipid keratopathy in 23(29.26%). Other comorbidities associated were Hypertensive Retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, Pre senile cataract, Primary open angle Glaucoma, Branch retinal vein occlusion which has indirect causal relationship. Along with systemic workup, Hypercholesterolemia also warrants a routine detailed ocular examination even if the patient is asymptomatic. This aids in early diagnosis and management of the co-existing ocular morbidities.
Triad of rubric assessment, constructive feedback and video recorded surgeries key assessment for competent ophthalmic surgeon
Authors: Bakare Prachi Nilraj , Maheshgauri Rupali , Bhavsar Deepaswi , Magdum Renu 
Published: January 2022

Ophthalmic surgery involves very precise surgical skill, which is difficult to teach and even more cumbersome in assessment of resident’s surgical skill. Hence it’s a need of time to adopt newer tool for transferring as well as assessing surgical skill. With this concept in mind International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) has developed various tools for assessing surgical skills. If we use this tool not only as learning tool but also to give constructive feedback on the surgical skills of resident doctors it will help in creating a competent ophthalmic surgeon and eventually help society in general. 1To develop more standardized surgical training; 2. To assess efficacy and feasibility of new tool in improving surgical skills of Post Graduate(PG) student; 3. To know the effect of constructive feedback on surgical performance. Small incision cataract surgery training is done by Rubric designed by ICO- OSCAR. The same tool was used to assess video recorded cataract surgery of residents by different faculties and assess their surgical skill. The assessor simply circled the observed performance description at each step of the procedure. The ICO-OSCAR score was completed. At the end of the case assessor immediately discussed operated case with student to provide timely, structured, specific performance feedback. Oscar score was recorded and analysed with inter rater agreement. OSCAR TOOL has very good inter rater agreement i.e.(0.96). Analysis of student & Observer feedback infers that OSCAR Tool is best tool for learning as well as assessment tool and is easy to use. Recorded surgeries & constructive feedback from assessor helped Post Graduate students to improve surgically. This resulted in best outcome for patient in terms of good visual acuity post operatively. The formative assessment of surgical skills becomes an integral part of our formal residency, training framework, it would be in the interest of our trainees and trainers that we should adopt the OSCAR tools to train and assess. These tools can add immense value to our residency as well fellowship surgical training and possibly help create a generation of competent trainee.Formative Assessment and constructive feedback in surgical training will improve the competency of new ophthalmic surgeons.Structured surgical training will be relatively easy to observe and perform, as trainee learns what is required to be competent.This will ultimately improve the overall quality of patient care.
Thematic learning during the pandemic: CIPP evaluation study
Authors: Pujiastuti Pratiwi , Herwin Herwin , Firdaus Fery Muhamad 
Published: January 2022

This research is an evaluative study to evaluate thematic learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in elementary schools based on the components of context, input, process and product. The subjects of this study were principals, teachers, parents, and students. The data collection of this research was done by interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that the context in thematic learning is carried out so that students can master and develop various subject competencies in one particular theme. The thematic learning input component during the pandemic is applied on the basis of a simplified national curriculum by selecting essential competencies. Teachers, students, and parents collaborate in the success of thematic learning. The learning process is carried out synchronously and asynchronously. The learning outcomes obtained have been in the good category.
Keywords: CIPP evaluation, pandemic, thematic learning;
The expansion of sociocultural theory-oriented mathematical learning model
Authors: Ardana Made I , Ariawan Wisna I Putu , Sugiharni Gusti Ayu Dessy 
Published: January 2022

The research aim was to obtain a Sociocultural Theory-oriented Mathematics Learning Model with Tri Hita Karana insight that is valid, practical, and effective in developing the good character of students in learning mathematics. This research was a research and development with reference to the development of Plomp. The data collection techniques used tests and questionnaires. The results showed that: (1) the Sociocultural Theory-oriented Mathematics Learning Model with Tri Hita Karana insight is valid, practical, and effective to use to develop the good character of students; (2) there was an increase in the good character of students from the category ‘sometimes shows good behavior according to the Tri Hita Karana aspect and often behaves not in accordance with the Tri Hita Karana aspect’ to the category ‘often and consistently shows good behavior according to the Tri Hita Karana aspect’; and (3) positive student responses to learning.

Keywords: Mathematical learning, sociocultural theory, tri hita karana, pawongan, tri pramana
Character, meaning in life, and well-being of students from teachers' perspective
Authors: Yuliawati Livia , Virlia Stefani , Sandjaja Meilani , Sari Tasia Puspa , Dorkas Mopheta Audiola , Wulansari Oktufiani Dwi 
Published: January 2022

Previous studies have revealed the benefits of character and meaning in life for individual well-being. However, little research has been conducted on elementary and junior high school teachers who teach students between the ages of 10-15 years (late childhood and early adolescence) in Indonesia. This study aims to explore teachers’ perceptions about character, meaning in life, and well-being. Interviews were conducted among 20 teachers. Our findings revealed that according to the teachers, the lessons and assessments in character education are well designed. However, coordination within the school community and with parents as well as specific roles between teachers and parents in building students’ character, meaning, and well-being needs to be improved. What teachers understood about meaning in life corresponds with the results of previous studies. Teachers’ understanding of well-being concept is still limited. They acknowledged family background, socioeconomic status, popularity, and academic achievement as important factors in students’ well-being.

Keywords: character; meaning in life; well-being; teachers; children; adolescents
Engklek Game in mathematics: How difference and relationship student attitude towards science process skills?
Authors: Kamid Kamid , Rohati Rohati   , Rahmalisa Yelli , Anggo Mustamin , Septi Sabila Eka , Azzahra Miftahul Zannah , Nawahdani Ahmad Mansur 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to integrate the local wisdom of the traditional engklek game into problem-solving-based mathematics learning at the elementary school level. The method used in this study is a mixed-method with an explanatory design. The data analysis technique used in this study was random sampling and data collection was carried out by distributing observation sheets about student process skills, student learning interest questionnaires and conducting interviews with students and teachers at the school. Based on the results obtained by the researchers, it can be found that there is interest in learning and skills of students in grades IV A and IV B in the engklek game in mathematics subjects at State Elementary Schools. In addition, there is a relationship between students' interest in learning and students' process skills in mathematics subjects at State Elementary Schools.
Key words: Mmathematics, local Wisdom, engklek games, iinterest, process skills, elementary School.
Reviewing the life skills activity program for children with special needs during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Diana Diana , Sunardi Sunardi , Gunarhadi Gunarhadi , Yusufi Munawir 
Published: January 2022

The pandemic, which occurs in all parts of the world has changed the order of the learning process for children with special education needs (SEN) which was initially carried out face-to-face to the online distance learning from home. This study aims to see the impact of the Inclusive Teaching (I-Teach) model on the life skills of early childhood students with special needs while studying from home during the covid-19 pandemic. This study is survey research with data analysis using the percentage of life skills assessment in children with special needs, carried out at 6 early childhood education institutions that have children with special needs totaling 12 students with the following specifications: 5 students with autism spectrum disorder, 1 student with speech delay, 2 students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 1 student with down syndrome, and 3 other students who have not been diagnosed.The research found that, from the six aspects of special needs childrens' life skills, most of them can self-feeding. It showed when children used the cutlery to clean the dishes by themselves. Meanwhile, for the dressing skill, personal hygiene, self-awareness, safety, and others, children still need reinforcement from parent and teacher.

Keywords: Life Skills, SEN, Early Childhood