bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PEMBERIAN KREDIT PADA PT. BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT (BPR) PHIDECTAMA BIAK
Authors: F. F. D. Pasalbessy Victor 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosedur pemberian kredit pada PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Phidectama Biak; Untuk mengetahui implementasi sistem pengendalian intern pemberian kredit yang terdapat pada PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Phidectama Biak sesuai dengan unsur pengendalian intern menurut COSO; dan Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menghambat implementasi sistem pengendalian intern pemberian kredit pada PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Phidectama Biak. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Prosedur pemberian kredit pada PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Phidectama Biak sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan prosedur yang dimiliki, walaupun dalam prakteknya masih terdapat penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang dilakukan. Prosedur pemberian kredit di PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Phidectama Biak antara lain : permohonan kredit, analisis peninjauan nasabah, analisis laporan hasil peninjauan nasabah, keputusan kredit, persetujuan permohonan kredit dan pencairan kredit; Implementasi sistem pengendalian intern pemberian kredit pada PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Phidectama Biak sebagian besar dalam komponen lingkungan pengendalian, penilaian risiko, informasi dan komunikasi, pemantauan sudah sesuai dengan komponen pengendalian intern menurut COSO. Faktor-faktor yang menghambat implementasi sistem pengendalian intern pemberian kredit pada PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Phidectama Biak antara lain : faktor kedekatan pegawai dengan calon nasabah, Persyaratan tidak lengkap dalam pengajuan permohonan kredit, dan informasi palsu yang diberikan oleh calon nasabah.

Kata Kunci : Sistem Pengendalian Intern, Pemberian Kredit
Vida y muerte en las embarcaciones castellanas entre los siglos XIII y XV. Una aproximación desde fuentes legales y cronísticas
Authors: FLORES DÍAZ Manuel 
Published: January 2022

Despite the fact that historical studies on the navy and navigation in the Middle Ages in general and in Castile in particular have taken a great leap, not only quantitatively but also qualitatively, studies related to the living conditions and mentalities of personnel shipped do not seem to have had the same interest. Here we present some aspects, brushstrokes drawn from legal and chronological sources. Legal sources offer us a way to approach living conditions on merchant ships. The chronicles offer information on the dangers derived from direct combat action at sea, the influence of meteorological conditions, as well as related to the recruitment and supplies of the embarked personnel.
Pese a que los estudios históricos sobre la marina y la navegación en la Edad Media en general y en Castilla en particular han dado un gran salto, no sólo cuantitativo, sino también cualitativo, los estudios relacionados con las condiciones de vida y las mentalidades del personal embarcado no parecen haber tenido el mismo interés. Aquí presentamos algunos aspectos, pinceladas extraídas de fuentes legales y cronísticas. Las fuentes legales nos ofrecen una vía de aproximación a las condiciones de vida en embarcaciones mercantes. Las crónicas ofrecen información sobre los peligros derivados de la acción directa de combate en la mar, la influencia de las condiciones meteorológicas, así como relacionada con el reclutamiento y suministros del personal embarcado.
Et scribatur viro nobili ser Angelo Venerio, consuli nostro Sibilie. Acción consular, comunicación diplomática y estrategia mercantil veneciana en Castilla a principios del siglo XV
Authors: GONZÁLEZ ARÉVALO Raúl , VIDAL Tommaso 
Published: January 2022

The present article proposes the edition and study of the only letter sent by a Venetian consul in Castile found until now. We reconstruct the life course of its author, Angelo Venier, and Luca Falier’s, a Venetian merchant with interests in Andalusia, named in the letter. The richness of contents allows us to deal with many different and complex issues, such as Venetian private navigation in the Iberian peninsula; juridical mechanisms for the resolution of conflicts between foreign merchant nations in Castile; the Genoese situation; Venetian perspectives in Andalusia; and merchant and private businesses of other Venetians in Seville. The image that arises is much more detailed than what we knew up to this moment.
El presente artículo propone la edición y estudio de la única carta enviada por un cónsul veneciano en Castilla que se ha localizado hasta el momento. Se reconstruye la trayectoria vital de su autor, Angelo Venier, y la de Luca Falier, mercader veneciano con intereses en Andalucía, nombrado en la carta. La riqueza del contenido permite abordar temas tan dispares y complejos como el alcance de la navegación privada veneciana en la península ibérica; los mecanismos jurídicos para la resolución de conflictos entre naciones extranjeras en Castilla; la situación de los genoveses; las perspectivas venecianas en Andalucía, y asuntos mercantiles y privados de otros venecianos presentes en Sevilla. Emerge una imagen mucho más detallada de lo conocido hasta el momento.
La pervivencia del funduq andalusí en las ciudades de Valencia, Murcia y Sevilla tras la conquista. Un estudio a partir de los repartimientos del siglo XIII
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ ROBLES Alicia 
Published: January 2022

This work raises the possibilities of study offered by the repartimientos to deepen into the knowledge of the Andalusian fanādiq, the Castilian alhóndigas, and the Aragonese alfondechs. The repartimientos information found for the cities of Valencia, Murcia, and Seville, have been deeply analyzed. The aim is to identify the alhóndigas and the alfondechs of these cities to approach to the fanādiq of al-Andalus through the quantification, location and characteristics gathered. In this paper, after a brief presentation of the repartimiento system and its characteristics, we focus and develop the relationship between these three types of buildings.
Este trabajo plantea las posibilidades de estudio que ofrecen los repartimientos para profundizar en el conocimiento de los fanādiq andalusíes, las alhóndigas castellanas y los alfondechs aragoneses. Para ello, tras abordar de forma breve el sistema de repartimiento y sus características, hemos presentado la relación existente entre los tres tipos de edificios. Con el análisis de la información encontrada sobre ellos en los repartimientos de las ciudades de Valencia, Murcia y Sevilla se ha dado respuesta a los objetivos planteados en esta investigación: identificar las alhóndigas y los alfondechs de dichas ciudades para, a través de su cuantificación, localización y características, aproximarnos a los fanādiq de al-Andalus.
Assessment of Thoracic Abnormalities in Premature Infants
Authors: D’souza Celina Elias , Malawade Mandar 
Published: January 2022

Background: There is a large incidence of congenital thoracic abnormalities that manifest as deformities and or defects of anterior chest walls. Thoracic abnormalities in preterm infants may also be associated with malpositioning in the incubator in the presence of respiratory disease and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Immaturity of respiratory and musculoskeletal system need to compromise biomechanical function of thorax. Thus, the purpose of the study is to access the thoracic alteration and the factors associated with its abnormalities in the infants born prematurely.
Objective: Assess thoracic alteration in premature infants.
Methods: This was an observational study with infants in first year of age, born prematurely with birth weight < 2000g. Exclusion criteria were: major congenital malformations as defined by the centers for disease contol and prevention, grade III/IV intraventricular hemorrhage or preventricular leucomalacia. Physical examinations were performed independently to assess shoulder elevation and thoracic alterations.
Results: 34 infants born prematurely were included for the study according to the inclusion criteria from which 20 infants (58.8%) showed thoracic abnormalities and remaining 14 infants (41.1%) were without abnormalities.
Conclusion: The prevalence of thoracic abnormalities was high in infants born prematurely, and was associated with pulmonary disease, and may also have compromised the growth rate of these infants during the first year of life.
Role of Oxidative Stress as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Children on Regular Hemodialysis
Authors: Abrar Muhammad , Nadeem Mazhar , Fatima Sunila 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide, and its main consequences include loss of renal function leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), significant increase in morbidity and mortality, and a decrease in health-related quality of life.
Aims and Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in those children who are on regular hemodialysis.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ hospital, Faisalabad during July 2020 to January 2021. The data were collected from the age of less than 18 years children of both sexes. There were 50 children who was selected for this study. At the time of the study, all the patients were on regular three HD sessions per week. In HD patients, venous blood samples were drawn immediately before and after hemodialysis session. Baseline laboratory investigations were carried out for all patients and controls including complete blood count, serum urea and creatinine, arterial pH, arterial blood gases and infection screening, which included blood and urinary cultures by standard methods.
Results: The data were collected from 50 dialysis patients. The mean age of this study is 15years. We collected all the demographic data of patients. The mean value of Urea is 64.34±2.44 mg/dl). At before-dialysis session, duration of disease positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.969, P <0.001), but, negatively correlated with TAC (r = −0.469, P <0.002). At after-dialysis session, HIF-1α negatively correlated with each of TPX (r = −0.529, P <0.001) and OSI (r = −0.459, P <0.003); while, OSI positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.944, P <0.001).
Conclusion: It is concluded that HD patients, the clinical and prognostic significance of oxidative status associated with cardiovascular risk factors is very different from the general population. Although a direct causality cannot be inferred from such kind of correlative investigations.
Frequency of Hypomagnesaemia in Children with Hypocalcemic Seizures
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Shaikh Farzana , Radhan Abdul Hameed , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem , Khoso Khuda Bux , Nizamani Muhammad Akbar 
Published: January 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in children with hypocalcemic seizures.
Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study.
Place and Duration: Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro / Hyderabad. From November 2017 to April 2018.
Methodology: Children (06 months to 06 years age and of either gender) having Two or more than two hypocalcemic seizures within 12 hours duration were included in the study . The children with hypocalcemic seizure were assessed for magnesium deficiency (hypomagnesaemia). The evaluation of hypomagnesaemia was done according to the cut off / reference values for hypomagnesaemia (<1.8 mg/dl). The data was collected on pre-structured proforma (attached).
Results: Total 147 children with hypocalcemic seizures were taken in this study, among them 49 (33.3%) patients had found low magnesium level and 98 (54.4%) patients had normal magnesium level.
Conclusion: Seizures associated with hypocalcaemia is one of the common type of convulsion in children. In our study, a positive relation was found between low levels of serum magnesium and hypocalcemic seizures.
Periodontal Findings in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alturaif Dalal Jumah , Alanazi Laila Mohammed , Al-Yousef Norah Ali , Aleiydi Hadeel Ali , Altowyrqi Afnan Ahmed , Bawazir Hanadi Abdullah , Alnajashi Shahad Saleh , Almehman Razan Abdulaziz , Habib Nada Habib Ahmed , Nakha Khalid Mohammed S. Abu , Nagy Omar , Sultana Fatima 
Published: January 2022

A cleft lip occurs when the tissues that compose the lip fail to fuse together before delivery. There is a gap in the upper lip in the case of a cleft lip. An affected child may also have a cleft palate if they have a cleft lip. The condition is also sometimes diagnosed after birth. A cleft palate sometimes takes a long time to be diagnosed (such as sub mucous cleft palates and bifid uvulas). The surgical repair of a child's face can improve their breathing, hearing, and even their speech and language skills. Using the Medline and PubMed Central databases, this study examined periodontal findings in children with clefted lip and palate using a systematic literature search in English. All search terms were in English and were applicable to the articles related to periodontal findings in children with cleft lip and palate. To electronically extract data from Medline and PubMed Central, an electronic form is designed by the principal investigator. Upon screening using filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, around 6 articles were selected related in this study. These articles were systematically reviewed and analyzed using PRISMA. When a child has a cleft lip or palate, it affects oral hygiene and the amount of periodontal pathogens in the oral biofilm. In the literature, there is a lack of studies which utilize validated, reliable measures to determine how individuals with oral clefts perceive their quality of life. It will be important to perform additional studies that utilize specific tools for assessing Quality of Life in patients with oral clefts with larger samples in hopes of better understanding their Quality of Life.
An Overview on Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Sheeba D. A. Helen , Gandhimathi R. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition indicated by an increase in one or more plasma lipids, such as triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and/or plasma lipoproteins, such as very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, as well as decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein. This increase in plasma lipids is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In the meanwhile, statins and fibrates remain the most common anti-hyperlipidemic drugs for treating high plasma cholesterol and triglycerides.
Conclusion: Hence this review focused to study of hyperlipidemia. This review is useful to research work in hyperlididemia.
Effect of Heavy Metals on Creatinine Level in Human Blood Samples of Inhabitants Living in the Vicinity of Hudiara Drain, Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Jadoon Saima , Sharif Sumaira , Ali Qurban , Asif Muhammad , Noureen Fouzia 
Published: January 2022

Aims: Modern industrialization, anthropogenic and industrial activities have increased the risk of human exposure to heavy metals and in turn effecting human health badly. Hundreds of millions of people are globally affected by heavy metal toxicity through contaminated water in one way or. another. In order to find a correlation between the heavy metal concentrations and serum creatinine level, a study was conducted on the inhabitants living near the Hudiara drain suffering from kidney diseases.
Study Design: The subjects (n=498) were selected from the vicinity of polluted Hudiara drain to conduct this matched case–control study in 2019-2020. Instrumental techniques were used for the determination of heavy metals and creatinine was determined by using Kit. The correlation between heavy metals and creatinine was checked.
Place and Duration of Study: To determine heavy metals and creatinine in blood, samples were collected from the habitants of Hudiara drain and the control group 100Km far from Hudiara drain.
Methodology: Blood samples of male subjects with and tested for heavy metals in the blood using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and creatinine level using Creatinine Elisa Kit. The study was conducted in 2020 and included n= 498 healthy volunteers (control) and n=498 effected (suffering from chronic kidney disease).
Results: The ANOVA shows the significant difference between two groups i.e. control group and affected group in all traits of the respondents (weight, age, heavy metal values and serum creatinine level). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated for heavy metals and creatinine subjects’ blood samples. It was found that heavy metal levels in subjects have a significant correlation with serum creatinine. The study shows that serum creatinine level has no significant correlation with age, so is independent of age.
Conclusion: The concentration of heavy metal contaminants (Cd, Hg, Pb) in the blood of the inhabitants of Hudiara drain flowing in Lahore city, Pakistan is highly polluted by industrial effluents. The effects of higher concentration of heavy metals in the inhabitants of Hudiara drain have been determined in serum creatinine levels. It was observed that high serum creatinine values are found in subjects suffering from CKD.
“To Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module Regarding Perineal Care among Primipara Postnatal Mothers”
Authors: Mankar Sahili , Manmode Nilima , Meghe Sarthak , Meshram Asawari , Sakle Pradnya 
Published: January 2022

Background: Perineal trauma, particularly caused following vaginal delivery, is associated with short and long-term morbidity for women; therefore, intervention that increases the probability of an intact perineum is necessary. When a child is born, the mother and the postnatal period are both extremely vulnerable.
Objectives: 1. To assess the pretest knowledge regarding perineal care in primipara postnatal mothers. 2. To assess the posttest knowledge regarding perineal care in primipara postnatal mothers. 3. To assess the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module on knowledge regarding perineal care in primipara postnatal mothers. 4. To associate the posttest knowledge score regarding perineal care in primipara postnatal mothers with demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pretest and posttest design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of a self-instruction module on knowledge regarding perineal care among primipara postnatal mothers. This study was carried out using inferential and descriptive data. The techniques for testing knowledge regarding perineal care among primipara postnatal mothers are discussed in this chapter. It comprises a research method description, the design and validation of the tools and questionaries, the data collection procedure and data analysis plan, the identification of targets, and the sample and sampling techniques.
Results: Better care with regular maintenance of hygiene of perineal area among the primipara postnatal mothers in selected area in Wardha district allow them from preventing from perineal discomfort and infection and a better quality of life with other intervention and by providing knowledge.
Anti-Proliferative Effect of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Citrullus colocynthis (L) on Retinoblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Nair Vedha R. , Priya A. Jothi , Selvaraj J. , Devi R. Gayatri 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Citrullus colocynthis has many pharmacological, biological, and therapeutic properties making it a very important medicinal plant. The cucurbitacin produced/derived from the plant play an important role in anticancer activities. The retinoblastoma Y-79 cell lines are studied in attachment culture. A proper study of these cells can pave the way for control of its proliferative property. Cell viability was assayed using a modified colorimetric technique that is based on the ability of the live cells to convert MTT, a tetrazolium compound into purple formazan crystals. There was an effect on the proliferation and gene expressions of the retinoblastoma Y-79 cell line. Bioactive extracts of these plants are being majorly used as a potential chemopreventive element as an alternative approach for cancer progression management.
Materials and Methods: Human retinoblastoma cell line (Y-79)cell line was purchased from the National Centre for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune, India. Cell viability was assayed using a modified colorimetric technique that is based on the ability of live cells to convert MTT.
Results: The experimental study showed antiproliferative effects against the retinoblastoma Y-79 cells. The experimental study showed the effect on cell viability, Bcl2 mRNA expression and BclxL mRNA expression in Y-79 cells.
Conclusion: The hydroethanolic leaf extract obtained from the Citrullus colocynthis exhibited an antiproliferative effect on the retinoblastoma Y-79 cell line by affecting the expression of the Bcl2 mRNA and BclxL mRNA and hindering the cell viability.
Investigation of Halcyon multi‐leaf collimator model in Eclipse treatment planning system: A focus on the VMAT dose calculation with the Acuros XB algorithm
Authors: Miyasaka Ryohei , Cho SangYong , Hiraoka Takuya , Chiba Kohei , Kawachi Toru , Katayose Tetsurou , Suda Yuhi , Hara Ryusuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe dual‐layer multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) in Halcyon involves further complexities in the dose calculation process, because the leaf‐tip transmission varies according to the leaf trailing pattern. For the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment, the prescribed dose for the target volume can be sensitive to the leaf‐tip transmission change. This report evaluates the dosimetric consequence due to the uncertainty of the dual‐layer MLC model in Eclipse through the dose verifications for clinical VMAT. Additionally, the Halcyon leaf‐tip model is empirically adjusted for the VMAT dose calculation with the Acuros XB.Materials and methodsFor this evaluation, an in‐house program that analyzes the leaf position in each layer was developed. Thirty‐two clinical VMAT plans were edited into three leaf sequences: dual layer (original), proximal single layer, or distal single layer. All leaf sequences were verified using Delta4 according to the dose difference (DD) and the global gamma index (GI). To improve the VMAT dose calculation accuracy, the dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) was adjusted to minimize the DD in single‐layer leaf sequences.ResultsThe mean of DD were −1.35%, −1.20%, and −1.34% in the dual‐layer, proximal single‐layer, and distal single‐layer leaf sequences, respectively. The changes in the mean of DD between leaf sequences were within 0.2%. However, the calculated doses differed from the measured doses by approximately 1% in all leaf sequences. The tuned DLG was increased by 0.8 mm from the original DLG in Eclipse. When the tuned DLG was used in the dose calculation, the mean of DD neared 0% and GI with a criterion of 2%/2 mm yielded a pass rate of more than 98%.ConclusionNo significant change was confirmed in the dose calculation accuracy between the leaf sequences. Therefore, it is suggested that the dosimetric consequence due to the leaf trailing was negligibly small in clinical VMAT plans. The DLG tuning for Halcyon can be useful for reducing the dose calculation uncertainties in Eclipse VMAT and required in the commissioning for Acuros XB.