bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fracture liaison service: its history, current state, how it works, and future directions
Authors: Kates Stephen L. , Miclau Theodore 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures often result in reduced function after healing, with associated pain, disability, loss of independence, and reduced quality of life. Following osteoporotic fractures, it is common for older adults to sustain subsequent, or secondary, fractures. These fractures include those of the proximal femur, vertebrae, distal radius, proximal humerus, and other sites. Although widely recognized as a gap in care, the implementation of appropriate secondary fracture prevention programs has been carried out in most countries. A Fracture Liaison Service represents the best secondary fracture prevention model of care for managing osteoporosis following fragility fractures and falls. These programs have proven to be cost-effective, and represent a major advancement in patient care over those “usual care practices” seen in most community and academic medical centers. Key Fracture Liaison Service programmatic functions include case finding, patient assessment, osteoporosis assessment, initiation of osteoporosis treatment, falls prevention, education, and exercise.
Secondary fracture prevention: global approaches
Authors: Miclau Theodore 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures, a major cause of disability and associated medical care expenditures, are expected to continue to increase worldwide. Adults who sustain primary osteoporotic fractures are more likely to sustain additional subsequent fractures, but few receive interventions to prevent those secondary fractures. Fracture liaison service models have been developed to systematically streamline preventative care for patients who have sustained a primary fragility fracture, proving cost-effective and efficacious. These programs have been developed in many countries, with varying degrees of success. There continues to be a need to better understand the various approaches to fracture liaison service programs in different regions enabling best practices to be adopted, successful approaches to be shared, and common obstacles to be addressed. The reports in this supplement address the status of fracture liaison service programs in different countries, focusing on national standards and guidelines, successes and barriers, and future directions. This work represents a collaborative effort of member societies of the International Orthopaedic Trauma Association (IOTA), an international association of orthopaedic societies dedicated to the promotion of musculoskeletal trauma care through advancements in patient care, research, and education. The expectation is that the information in these reports will aid efforts to address the growing need for fragility fracture programs.
Outcomes Following Extrahepatic and Intraportal Pancreatic Islet Transplantation: A Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Verhoeff Kevin , Marfil-Garza Braulio A. , Sandha Gurpal , Cooper David , Dajani Khaled , Bigam David L. , Anderson Blaire , Kin Tatsuya , Lam Anna , O’Gorman Doug , Senior Peter A. , Ricordi Camillo , Shapiro A.M. James 
Published: June 2022

Background.
Preliminary studies show promise for extrahepatic islet transplantation (ITx). However, clinical comparisons with intraportal ITx outcomes remain limited.

Methods.
This single-center cohort study evaluates patients receiving extrahepatic or intraportal ITx between 1999 and 2018. Primary outcome was stimulated C-peptide level. Secondary outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, BETA-2 scores, and fasting C-peptide level. Multivariable logistic modeling evaluated factors independently associated with a composite variable of early graft failure and primary nonfunction within 60 d of ITx.

Results.
Of 264 patients, 9 (3.5%) received extrahepatic ITx (gastric submucosal = 2, subcutaneous = 3, omental = 4). Group demographics were similar at baseline (age, body mass index, diabetes duration, and glycemic control). At 1–3 mo post–first infusion, patients receiving extrahepatic ITx had significantly lower stimulated C-peptide (0.05 nmol/L versus 1.2 nmol/L, P < 0.001), higher fasting plasma glucose (9.3 mmol/L versus 7.3 mmol/L, P < 0.001), and lower BETA-2 scores (0 versus 11.6, P < 0.001) and SUITO indices (1.5 versus 39.6, P < 0.001) compared with those receiving intraportal ITx. Subjects receiving extrahepatic grafts failed to produce median C-peptide ≥0.2 nmol/L within the first 60 d after transplant. Subsequent intraportal infusion following extrahepatic transplants achieved equivalent outcomes compared with patients receiving intraportal transplant alone. Extrahepatic ITx was independently associated with early graft failure/primary non-function (odds ratio 1.709, confidence interval 73.8-39 616.0, P < 0.001), whereas no other factors were independently predictive.

Conclusions.
Using current techniques, intraportal islet infusion remains the gold standard for clinical ITx, with superior engraftment, graft function, and glycemic outcomes compared with extrahepatic transplantation of human islets.
Mycolicibacter acidiphilus sp. nov., an extremely acid-tolerant member of the genus Mycolicibacter
Authors: Xia Jun , Ni Gaofeng , Wang Yu , Zheng Min , Hu Shihu 
Published: June 2022

A nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated M1T was isolated from a bioreactor being operated at pH ~2 at Brisbane, Australia. Colonies appeared to be convex and white. Phylogenetic analysis of its genome revealed an affiliation with the genus

Mycolicibacter

and its closest species based on 16S rRNA gene analysis were

Mycolicibacter algericus

DSM 45454T (98.8 % similarity) and

Mycolicibacter terrae

CIP 104321T (98.8 %) with which strain M1T shared average nucleotide identity of 81.2 % and digital DNA–DNA hybridization similarity of 23.8 %. Strain M1T grew optimally at 0 % NaCl, at pH 6 and at between 30–33 °C. The polar lipid profile of strain M1T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, aminophosphoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phospholipid, aminolipid, phosphoglyolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids and four unidentified lipids. The dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1
ω9c and summed feature 7 (C19 : 1
ω7c and/or C19 : 1
ω6c). The DNA G+C content of strain M1T was 69.1 mol%. Based on in silico phylogenomic analysis coupled with physiological and chemotaxonomic characterizations, we classify strain M1T as representing a novel species within the genus

Mycolicibacter

, for which the name Mycolicibacter acidiphilus nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1T (=MCCC 1H00416T=KCTC 49392T).
Comparison of the dynamics of exoskeletal-assisted and unassisted locomotion in an FDA-approved lower extremity device: Controlled experiments and development of a subject-specific virtual simulator
Authors: Chandran Vishnu D. , Nam Sanghyun , Hexner David , Bauman William A. , Pal Saikat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRobotic exoskeletons have considerable, but largely untapped, potential to restore mobility in individuals with neurological disorders, and other conditions that result in partial or complete immobilization. The growing demand for these devices necessitates the development of technology to characterize the human-robot system during exoskeletal-assisted locomotion (EAL) and accelerate robot design refinements. The goal of this study was to combine controlled experiments with computational modeling to build a virtual simulator of EAL. The first objective was to acquire a minimum empirical dataset comprising human-robot kinematics, ground reaction forces, and electromyography during exoskeletal-assisted and unassisted locomotion from an able-bodied participant. The second objective was to quantify the dynamics of the human-robot system using a subject-specific virtual simulator reproducing EAL compared to the dynamics of normal gait. We trained an able-bodied participant to ambulate independently in a Food and Drug Administration-approved exoskeleton, the ReWalk P6.0 (ReWalk Robotics, Yoknaem, Israel). We analyzed the motion of the participant during exoskeletal-assisted and unassisted walking, sit-to-stand, and stand-to-sit maneuvers, with simultaneous measurements of (i) three-dimensional marker trajectories, (ii) ground reaction forces, (iii) electromyography, and (iv) exoskeleton encoder data. We created a virtual simulator in OpenSim, comprising a whole-body musculoskeletal model and a full-scale exoskeleton model, to determine the joint kinematics and moments during exoskeletal-assisted and unassisted maneuvers. Mean peak knee flexion angles of the human subject during exoskeletal-assisted walking were 50.1° ± 0.6° (left) and 52.6° ± 0.7° (right), compared to 68.6° ± 0.3° (left) and 70.7° ± 1.1° (right) during unassisted walking. Mean peak knee extension moments during exoskeletal-assisted walking were 0.10 ± 0.10 Nm/kg (left) and 0.22 ± 0.11 Nm/kg (right), compared to 0.64 ± 0.07 Nm/kg (left) and 0.73 ± 0.10 Nm/kg (right) during unassisted walking. This work provides a foundation for parametric studies to characterize the effects of human and robot design variables, and predictive modeling to optimize human-robot interaction during EAL.
Pioglitazone for optimisation of clinical nutrition therapy in the critically ill patient: A Systematic Review
Authors: McClelland Thomas J , Fowler Alexander J , Davies Thomas , Pearse Rupert , Prowle John , Puthucheary Zudin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle wasting is a major determinant of physical functional disability in critical illness survivors, and contributes to post-intensive care syndrome. As yet, no therapies exist to address this major public health issue. Intramuscular bioenergetic failure and inflammation are understood to be the underpinning mechanisms, and carbohydrate and lipid oxidation are impaired. This systematic review synthesises the evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists may be a therapeutic option to optimise clinical nutrition in critically ill patients.MethodSystematic review and meta-analysis.ResultsFourteen studies over 19 publications were included. Lean body mass was unaffected (n=174). Pioglitazone treatment resulted in periperal insulin sensitivity increasing 30-71% (Standardised mean change 0.97 (95%CI 0.36-1.58; n=213). Intramuscular Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha concentrations decreased in treatement arms (n=29) as did circulating interlukin-6 and Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (n=53). Intramyocellular Lipid concentrations decreased by 34-40% with pioglitazone therapy (n=60). Treatment increased intramuscular markers of Oxidative Phosphorylation (n=55), mitochondrial biogenesis(PGC1α and PGC1β; n=26) and β-oxidation (n=29)ConclusionsPioglitazone therapy increases skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, decreases intramyocellular lipid accumulation and systemic and intramuscular inflammation. Where lean body mass was measured, this was seen to increase. Pioglitazone may be an adjunctive therapy to optimise clinical nutrition in acutely unwell patients.Clinical relevancy statementPioglitazone may optimise clinical nutrition therapy in critically ill patients by normalising carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Which surface treatment improves the long-term repair bond strength of aged methacrylate-based composite resin restorations? A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Hadilou Mahdi , Dolatabadi Amirmohammad , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Hosseinifard Hossein , Alizadeh Oskuee Parnian , Pournaghi Azar Fatemeh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of common surface treatments on the long-term repair bond strength of the aged methacrylate-based composite resin restorations. Also, provide their rankings and two-by-two comparison. In-vitro studies evaluating the methacrylate-based composite resins subjected to rigorous aging procedures before and after being repaired with a new composite were included. A frequentist network meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. P-scores were used to rank the efficacy of the surface treatments. Also, the global and node-split inconsistencies were evaluated. Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched until November 11, 2021. Application of diamond bur + silane + total-etch adhesive (shear MD 41.12 MPa, 95% CI 29.02 to 53.21, P-score 0.99; tensile MD 29.36 MPa, 95% CI 12.36 to 46.35; P-score 0.69), and air abrasion with silica-coated alumina + silane + total-etch adhesive (shear MD 16.29 MPa, 95% CI 6.54 to 26.05, P-score 0.66; tensile MD 33.86 MPa, 95% CI 16.17 to 51.54; P-score 0.82) produced the highest (micro)tensile and (micro)shear bond strengths compared to abrasive paper, according to two network meta-analyses containing 22 investigations. There has been no variation comparing self- and total-etch adhesives. Further, mechanical surface treatments should be used alongside the chemical adhesive agents to yield stronger bonds. It is possible to achieve acceptable repair bond strength using common dental clinic equipment. Therefore, clinicians could consider repairing old composite resins rather than replacing them.
Perioperative Hyperoxia and Delirium after On-pump Cardiac Surgery: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Wiredu Kwame , Voicu Stefana , Naseem Heba , Muller Ariel L , Boone Myles D , Gerber Scott A. , Shaefi Shahzad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurologic and neurobehavioural complications are common after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Exposure to the artificial bypass surface, conversion to laminar flow and hypothermia likely contribute to systemic inflammation observed after CPB. To ensure adequate systemic oxygenation, the CPB patient is often exposed to supraphysiologic levels of oxygen. Relative to normoxia, perioperative hyperoxia during CPB has not been shown to impact neurocognition in the long-term. Whether this holds true for the immediate post-operative neurocognitive function is the question of this nested case-control study.Methods46 age-and sex-matched subjects, aged ≥65 years, selected for this study were randomized to receive normoxia or hyperoxia during CABG with CPB in the parent trial. Levels of four neuroinflammatory biomarkers (S100B, ENO2, CHI3L1, UCHL1) were measured at baseline and at post-bypass. Baseline neurocognition was established with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool and patients were assessed on each post-operative day for delirium using the confusion assessment method. Mediation analyses was conducted for the conditional effect of perioperative oxygen treatment on the occurrence of delirium, assuming mediation effect from change in biomarker levels.Results26 subjects (n= 12) demonstrated delirium. Of the four biomarkers, only S100B levels were differentially abundant post-bypass regardless of treatment (8.18 versus 10.15pg/mL,pvalue < 0.001). We found significant direct effects of treatment on the occurrence of delirium (effect size = -2.477,p= 0.004). There was no statistically significant mediating effect by S100B.ConclusionWhile perioperative hyperoxia may not be associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in the long-term, its immediate effects may contribute significantly to the occurrence of post-operative delirium. Taken together, our findings suggest a dose-response-time relationship between hyperoxia and neurocognitive function.
Distinct roles of dentate gyrus and medial entorhinal cortex inputs for phase precession and temporal correlations in the hippocampal CA3 area
Authors: Ahmadi Siavash , Sasaki Takuya , Sabariego Marta , Leibold Christian , Leutgeb Stefan , Leutgeb Jill K. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe hippocampal CA3 subregion is a densely connected recurrent circuit that supports memory consolidation and retrieval by generating and storing sequential neuronal activity patterns that reflect recent experience. While theta phase precession is thought to be critical for generating sequential activity during memory encoding, the circuit mechanisms that support this computation across hippocampal subregions are unknown. By analyzing CA3 network activity in the absence of each of its theta modulated excitatory inputs, we show necessary and unique contributions of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) to phase precession. DG inputs are essential for generating the preferential spiking of CA3 cells during late theta phases and for organizing the temporal order of neuronal firing, while MEC inputs modulate the general precision of phase precession. A computational model that accounts for the empirical findings suggests that DG inputs affect the phase and MEC inputs affect the amplitude of inhibitory subnetworks. Our results thus identify a novel and unique functional role of the DG for the generation of sequence coding in the CA3 recurrent circuit.
Circulating plasma IL-13 and periostin are dysregulated type 2 inflammatory biomarkers in prurigo nodularis: a cluster analysis
Authors: Parthasarathy Varsha , Cravero Karen , Deng Junwen , Sun Zhe , Engle Sarah , Auxier Autum , Hahn Nathan , Sims Jonathan T. , Okragly Angela , Alphonse Martin P. , Kwatra Shawn G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by severe pruritus and notable disease heterogeneity. There is evidence of systemic inflammation in PN, including dysregulation observed in type 2 inflammation in subsets of patients. We aimed to elucidate which components of type 2 inflammation are dysregulated in PN patients using plasma immunoassay cytokine profiling.Materials and MethodsWhole blood was obtained from PN patients with uncontrolled disease and control patients without pruritus. Plasma samples were isolated from whole blood and assayed for IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE, and periostin. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was utilized to compare PN and control patients. For multiple hypothesis, adjusted p-value was calculated with a Benjamini-Hochberg procedure with the significance threshold at 0.05. Clustering was performed using K-means clustering in R version 4.0.3.ResultsSingle-plex assays of the Th2 biomarkers demonstrated significantly elevated circulating plasma IL-13 (0.13 vs. 0.006 pg/mL, p=0.0008) and periostin (80.3 vs. 60.2 ng/mL, p=0.012) in PN patients compared to controls. IL-4 (0.11 vs. 0.02 pg/mL, p=0.30) and IL-5 (0.75 vs. 0.40 pg/mL, p=0.10) were not significantly elevated, while IgE approached significance in PN (1202.0 vs. 432.7 ng/mL, p=0.08). Clustering of PN and control patients together revealed mean silhouette maximization at two clusters. Cluster 1 (n=36) consisted of 18 PN patients and 18 controls. Cluster 2 (n=11) consisted entirely of PN patients (p<0.01) (Figure 1b). When comparing the two clusters, cluster 2 had higher levels of IL-13 (0.33 vs. 0.008 pg/mL, p=0.0001) and IL-5 (1.22 vs. 0.43 pg/mL, p=0.03) compared to cluster 1. There were no significant differences in any of the biomarkers between PN patients from cluster 1 and the healthy control patients in this cluster.Figure 1.Single-plex plasma immunoassays of prurigo nodularis vs. controls (a) Plasma single-plex immunoassays (b) Heatmap of Z-scored biomarker levels for each patient, delineated by cluster. PN, prurigo nodularis; HC, healthy controlConclusionsThis study demonstrates elevation of IL-13 and periostin in PN patients with distinct clusters with varying degrees of type 2 inflammation. Given this heterogeneity, further biomarker studies with single-cell resolution will provide better guidance towards future precision medicine approaches in the treatment of PN.
Predicting clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 drug treatments with a high throughput human airway on chip platform
Authors: Fisher Christine R. , Medie Felix Mba , Luu Rebeccah J. , Quezada Landys Lopez , Gaibler Robert B. , Mulhern Thomas J. , Rubio Logan D. , Marr Elizabeth E. , Gabriel Elizabeth P. , Borenstein Jeffrey T. , Gard Ashley L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the relatively common observation of therapeutic efficacy in discovery screens with immortalized cell lines, the vast majority of drug candidates do not reach clinical development. Candidates that do move forward often fail to demonstrate efficacy when progressed from animal models to humans. This dilemma highlights the need for new drug screening technologies that can parse drug candidates early in development with regard to predicted relevance for clinical use. PREDICT96-ALI is a high-throughput organ-on-chip platform incorporating human primary airway epithelial cells in a dynamic tissue microenvironment. Here we demonstrate the utility of PREDICT96-ALI as an antiviral screening tool for SARS-CoV-2, combining the high-throughput functionality of a 96-well plate format in a high containment laboratory with the relevant biology of primary human tissue. PREDICT96-ALI resolved differential efficacy in five antiviral compounds over a range of drug doses. Complementary viral genome quantification and immunofluorescence microscopy readouts achieved high repeatability between devices and replicate plates. Importantly, results from testing the three antiviral drugs currently available to patients (nirmatrelvir, molnupiravir, and remdesivir) tracked with clinical outcomes, demonstrating the value of this technology as a prognostic drug discovery tool.
BioImage Model Zoo: A Community-Driven Resource for Accessible Deep Learning in BioImage Analysis
Authors: Ouyang Wei , Beuttenmueller Fynn , Gómez-de-Mariscal Estibaliz , Pape Constantin , Burke Tom , Garcia-López-de-Haro Carlos , Russell Craig , Moya-Sans Lucía , de-la-Torre-Gutiérrez Cristina , Schmidt Deborah , Kutra Dominik , Novikov Maksim , Weigert Martin , Schmidt Uwe , Bankhead Peter , Jacquemet Guillaume , Sage Daniel , Henriques Ricardo , Muñoz-Barrutia Arrate , Lundberg Emma , Jug Florian , Kreshuk Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeep learning-based approaches are revolutionizing imaging-driven scientific research. However, the accessibility and reproducibility of deep learning-based workflows for imaging scientists remain far from sufficient. Several tools have recently risen to the challenge of democratizing deep learning by providing user-friendly interfaces to analyze new data with pre-trained or fine-tuned models. Still, few of the existing pre-trained models are interoperable between these tools, critically restricting a model’s overall utility and the possibility of validating and reproducing scientific analyses. Here, we present the BioImage Model Zoo (https://bioimage.io): a community-driven, fully open resource where standardized pre-trained models can be shared, explored, tested, and downloaded for further adaptation or direct deployment in multiple end user-facing tools (e.g., ilastik, deepImageJ, QuPath, StarDist, ImJoy, ZeroCostDL4Mic, CSBDeep). To enable everyone to contribute and consume the Zoo resources, we provide a model standard to enable cross-compatibility, a rich list of example models and practical use-cases, developer tools, documentation, and the accompanying infrastructure for model upload, download and testing. Our contribution aims to lay the groundwork to make deep learning methods for microscopy imaging findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) across software tools and platforms.