bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case-control Investigation of Previously Undiagnosed Diabetes in the Critically Ill
Authors: Krinsley James S , Roberts Gregory , Brownlee Michael , Schwartz Michael , Preiser Jean-Charles , Rule Peter , Wang Yu , Bahgat Joseph , Umpierrez Guillermo E , Hirsch Irl B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Context
The outcome of patients requiring intensive care can be influenced by the presence of previously undiagnosed diabetes (undiagDM).

Objective
This work aimed to define the clinical characteristics, glucose control metrics, and outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with undiagDM, and compare these to patients with known DM (DM).

Methods
This case-control investigation compared undiagDM (glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥ 6.5%, no history of diabetes) to patients with DM. Glycemic ratio (GR) was calculated as the quotient of mean ICU blood glucose (BG) and estimated preadmission glycemia, based on HbA1c ([28.7 × HbA1c] – 46.7 mg/dL). GR was analyzed by bands: less than 0.7, 0.7 to less than or equal to 0.9, 0.9 to less than 1.1, and greater than or equal to 1.1. Risk-adjusted mortality was represented by the Observed:Expected mortality ratio (OEMR), calculated as the quotient of observed mortality and mortality predicted by the severity of illness (APACHE IV prediction of mortality).

Results
Of 5567 patients 294 (5.3%) were undiagDM. UndiagDM had lower ICU mean BG (P &lt; .0001) and coefficient of variation (P &lt; .0001) but similar rates of hypoglycemia (P = .08). Mortality and risk-adjusted mortality were similar in patients with GR less than 1.1 comparing undiagDM and DM. However, for patients with GR greater than or equal to 1.1, mortality (38.5% vs 10.3% [P = .0072]) and risk-adjusted mortality (OEMR 1.18 vs 0.52 [P &lt; .0001]) were higher in undiagDM than in DM.

Conclusion
These data suggest that DM patients may develop tolerance to hyperglycemia that occurs during critical illness, a protective mechanism not observed in undiagDM, for whom hyperglycemia remains strongly associated with higher risk of mortality. These results may shed light on the natural history of diabetes.
GIAO NMR Calculation-Driven Stereochemical Assignment of Marine Macrolide Natural Products: Assessment of the Performance of DP4 and DP4+ Analyses and Assignment of the Relative Configuration of Leptolyngbyalide A–C/Oscillariolide Macrolactone
Authors: Murata Keisuke , Mori Hirotoshi , Fuwa Haruhiko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The stereochemical assignment of marine macrolide natural products by quantum chemical calculations is often hampered by the generation of an intractable number of conformers in molecular mechanics conformation searches. In this study, we assessed in detail the application of GIAO NMR chemical shift calculation and DP4-type statistical analyses to the stereochemical assignment of two marine macrolide natural products, whose relative configurations had been incorrectly assigned in the originally proposed structures. We also examined how DP4+ probability was affected by cumulative Boltzmann population level of molecular mechanics-derived conformers. Finally, GIAO NMR chemical shift calculation/DP4-type statistical analysis was applied to leptolyngbyalide A–C/oscillariolide macrolactone, whose relative configuration has not been assigned so far.
Case Report: Zen meditation-integrated CBT normalized the impaired brain function of a chronic low back pain patient—from the findings of brain blood flow SPECT imaging
Authors: Honda Tetsumi 
Published: November 2022

Background: Mindfulness meditation for chronic pain is popular globally, but evidence of its efficacy is limited. Moreover, there are no established methods on the objective evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions for chronic pain. In this study, a chronic low back pain patient was treated with traditional Japanese Buddhism meditation-integrated cognitive behavioral therapy and the pre- and post-intervention brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were compared. Case: A 45-year-old man was experiencing continuous back pain after a vehicular accident and experienced insufficient improvement after drug treatment. The patient underwent a 3-month outpatient mindfulness meditation-integrated cognitive behavioral therapy program executed by a multidisciplinary team: physician visits (once a week for 30 min), multidisciplinary medical and meditation education (Zen breath counting meditation and mantra), physiotherapy interventions (twice weekly), occupational therapy interventions (twice weekly), psychiatric occupational therapy interventions (twice weekly), and nutritional interventions (twice weekly). After treatment, the patient reported a decrease in subjective pain overall, based on whether or not a pain attack occurred. Brain SPECT imaging revealed an improvement in excess blood flow from the right temporoparietal junction to the inferior parietal lobe. Conclusions: These findings indicate that Zen meditation is an effective intervention method for chronic pain and SPECT is a useful tool for measuring its effectiveness.
Green taxes as ecosystem conservation: an analysis of the industrial sector's view in Peru
Authors: Ibarra Fretell Walter Gregorio , GRIJALVA SALAZAR ROSARIO VIOLETA 
Published: November 2022

Background: Environmental problems are becoming more recurrent nowadays, which is why many countries have acted on the matter, through different forms, laws and taxes that can contribute and reduce the polluting impact of companies at the time of manufacturing their products. One of the reforms has been environmental taxes, which are not only aimed at raising money, but also at taking corrective action on the behavior of companies that damage both the environment and the health of the population. The research is intended to finding out the opinion and interest of managers of different companies in the industrial sector on environmental taxes, also known as green taxes, and whether they consider it necessary to add green taxes to the current tax system. Method: For data collection of the research, 120 managers of small and medium-sized enterprises in the industrial sector were questioned about whether green taxes could have an influence on ecosystem conservation and several other questions. Results: 63.3% of the managers surveyed agree that the application of an environmental tax is necessary. Conclusion: It is concluded that managers are in favor of green taxes and approve that such taxes should be given as part of ecosystem conservation and environmental protection for all businesses, and that they promote businesses that do not generate any side effects or transformations to the environmental balance, thus improving the quality of life of residents.
Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae ST283 infection after fish consumption in two sisters, Lao PDR
Authors: Luangraj Manophab , Hiestand Jasmin , Rasphone Othila , Chen Swaine L. , Davong Viengmon , Barkham Timothy , Simpson Andrew J.H. , Dance David A.B. , Keoluangkhot Valy 
Published: November 2022

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae is a normal commensal of the human gastro-intestinal and female genital tracts. It causes serious disease in neonates and pregnant women, as well as non-pregnant adults. Food-borne outbreaks have also been described. A link between invasive Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection in humans caused by S. agalactiae serotype III-4, sequence type 283 (ST283) and the consumption of raw fresh-water fish was first described in Singapore in 2015. Case presentation: We report the simultaneous occurrence of acute fever and myalgia in two sisters who were visiting Laos. Both were found to have invasive GBS ST283 infection, confirmed by blood culture. Infection was temporally linked to fish consumption. They responded well to intravenous antibiotics within 48 hours. Conclusions: Food-borne transmission of Streptococcus agalactiae is an important and under-recognised source of serious human disease throughout Southeast Asia and possibly beyond.
‘Five minutes earlier, you were giving hope’: Reflections from interviews with doctors conducting assessments for South Africa’s childhood disability Care Dependency Grant
Authors: Trafford Zara , Swartz Leslie 
Published: November 2022

Background: In South Africa, medical doctors functionally decide whether a primary caregiver can access state-funded social assistance cash transfers (‘social grants’) for the care of their disabled child. In this paper, we unpack the subjective experiences of one group of doctors in the country’s Western Cape province who are involved in conducting assessments for the care dependency grant, designed to support the cost of disabled children’s specific needs. Methods: Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with five paediatric doctors who practice at three Cape Town public sector hospitals and regularly conduct assessments for the care dependency grant. Analysis was thematic and used deductive coding. Results: The doctors we interviewed were aware that care dependency grants were probably shared among household members but felt this was acceptable, as it contributed to the child’s wellbeing. Doctors seemed to be applying nuanced, individualised assessments but often felt the need to simplify the documentation of these assessments, sometimes even bending the rules, to ensure access. Doctors’ primary allegiance in these processes appeared to be to their patients. They identified more with their care responsibilities than their bureaucratic gate-keeping role but nonetheless felt the weight of their responsibility for decision-making, in the context of extremely strained public resources and a lack of guidance from the government’s social assistance implementation agency. Conclusions: The hyperlocal practices and approaches that doctors described allows for perception of the messier – but also more accurate – details of the system that is actually in place. Doctors’ narratives also reflect long-standing inattention to the ‘trickle down’ of guidelines to frontline implementers of disability-related grants. This cadre is a valuable but under-utilised source of evidence and information about the real-world functioning of disability-related grants administration and they should be actively included in implementation planning.
ТРАНСГУМАНИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕПРЕТАЦИЯ ПСИ ФАКТОРА НА ПРИМЕРЕ НАУЧНОЙ ФАНТАСТИКИ Д. БРОДЕРИКА
Authors: Khvastunova Yulia V. 
Published: November 2022

В статье рассматривается видение трансгуманистических идей в творчестве современного австралийского романиста и футуриста Дэмиана Бродерика, как одновременная реализация двух тенденций: влияние киберпанка на формирование идеологии трансгуманизма и влияние трансгуманизма на видение будущего человечества. В работе применяется метод анализа документов, элементы компаративистского и системного методов. Анализируется оценка трансгуманистической политики в отношении радикальных технологий со стороны писателей футуристов на примере суждений писателя и ученого Д. Бродерика. Романист активно включает трансгуманистические теории в свои произведения, цитирует идеологов и проводит идею оптимистической реализации сценария трансгуманистического прогрессивного будущего. Д. Бродерик демонстрирует уверенность в гуманной направленности трансгуманистической программы, а также пытается доказать полезность вовлечения науки в анализ пси-факторов и возможную конвергенцию со сферой паранормальных явлений.
Tożsamość vs uniformizacja (współczesna literatura rosyjska – studium dwóch przypadków)
Authors: Duda Katarzyna 
Published: November 2022

IDENTITY VS UNIFORMIZATION (CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN LITERATURE – STUDY OF TWO CASES)
The aim of the following article is to consider expressions such as “identity” and “uniformization” which are often used in Russian philosophy as well as in contemporary Russian fiction. Two well-known novels translated into Polish language: “Medea and her Children” by Ludmyla Ulitzkha and “Duchless. A Story about Unreal Man” by Sergiey Minayev were chosen as examples. The first of them takesplace in the 1970’s, whereas the second one is set in the present day. In both cases identity is considered in the context of human relationships and the attitude to other people and at the same time to culture and tradition. Identity is usually based on certain determinants. These are: faith in God, the respect for different confessions, proximity to the nature, care for preservation of heritage including memory about the past and native language. Medea follows this hierarchy of values in her life. The identity of an anonymous hero of Minayev’s book was destroyed by globalizing processes, uniformization, boredom and by addiction to the Internet.
The Formation, Organization and Activities of Extradepartmental Guards under the Internal Affairs Authorities of the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region (1959-1992)
Authors: Antropov V.M. 
Published: November 2022

Specialized units under the internal affairs authorities, designed to protect objects and property, appeared in the USSR in the 1950s. Instead of security structures that were under the jurisdiction of various departments, Extradepartmental Guards was formed.
In 1959 a department of Extradepartmental Guards was established on the territory of the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region. Initially, there was only one officer with a rank in his staff. Subsequently, the guards, consisting of freelance watchmen, began to be replaced by professional paramilitary guards, and later by militia units. Service dogs and technical means were used to guard the facilities. In order to prevent thefts from protected objects, interaction was carried out with the militia detectives, district militia officers, firefighting units, voluntary citizen patrols and the public.
Over time, the network of Extradepartmental Guards units and the range of services provided were expanded. All banking institutions, buildings of Soviet and Communist Party authorities, and storage sites for explosives were taken under guard. By the beginning of the 1990s, Extradepartmental Guards at the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region had a branched structure, which included a division, inter-district, district and specialized squads, a militia squadron, detention groups, centralized security points, Paramilitary Guards teams.
Thus, Extradepartmental Guards personnel not only ensured the security of facilities, but also made a significant contribution to the protection of law and order in the Gorno-Altai Region.
Zhangir-khan's Role in the Struggle of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz Peoples against the Dzungarian Invasion
Authors: Keldybekov M.B. 
Published: November 2022

The character of mutual relations of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz peoples during the reign of Zhangir-khan in the conditions of confrontation with the Dzungar Khanate was researched. The role of Zhangir-khan in strengthening ethno-political union of two peoples is described. Expansion of Jungar Khanate to the territory of traditional nomadic areas of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz peoples in the 17th century is described in detail, since these events began to occupy an important place both in foreign policy of the Kazakh rulers and in the political situation in the whole Central Asia. The Kyrgyz could not remain aloof, as the southern was one of the directions of the Dzungars' advance — towards the nomads of the Tien Shan Kyrgyz, which served as a prerequisite for the joint actions of the two peoples.
The relations of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz peoples with the rulers of Eastern Turkestan, Bukhara and Khiva khans, in particular, with the well-known figure of Bukhara khanate Jalantos who played one of the key roles in the victory at the Battle of Orbulak are also considered.
The article describes the third invasion of Kalmaks into the Kazakh possessions during the reign of Zhangir-khan in 1652, the subjugation of the Kyrgyz people by Jungars, who became their tribute, as well as death of Zhangir-khan by a seventeen-year-old Kalmyk batyr Galdama.
Risks Faced by Children That Come to Work with Their Mothers: Tales from Women Market Vendors in Kalerwe Market, Uganda
Authors: Susan Namara , Milliam Kiconco 
Published: November 2022

This paper forms part of a Master’s research that aimed at investigating how women market vendors in Kalerwe Market, Uganda, balance their childcare roles and vending activities. Informed by the liberal feminist and attachment theories, the study established how women market vendors balance their childcare roles and vending activities. Part of the results that arose from the study were the risks faced by children brought to work with their mothers in the market. The study involved a sample of 16 participants that included 12 women market vendors and 4 market leaders which was arrived at by using snowball and purposive sampling techniques respectively. A case study design allowed the collection of qualitative data through In-depth and Key Informant Interviews as well as observation methods. Findings from the study revealed that a market is a hazardous environment for child upbringing in which the vendors spend nearly all their days' time. Children that walk are at risk of getting burnt or knocked from activities such as cooking and off-loading merchandise. Also, the morals of such children are at stake since markets attract adults from all walks of life whose actions and behaviors young children learn. The hygiene of the whole market area is lacking and not suitable for loitering and crawling children, especially during the rainy season. However, the inability to utilize more suitable childcare options forces women to keep children in the markets amidst existing policies on the practice.
Thetug₂guz-za/tug₂guz.za at Ḫattuša and Beyond
Authors: Burgin James M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThetug₂guz-za/tug₂guz.zais a cloth attested in different spellings from the 3rdto 1stmillennia BCE that has received diverse translations. Evidence from Ur III textile production texts, reconstructions based on experimental data, and lexical lists now converge to suggest that the cloth was defined by its thick weft. Although thetug₂guz-za/tug₂guz.zahas traditionally been connected to theZottenrockof Mesopotamian visual media via the adjectiveguz(-za)‘bristly, wire-haired,’ no independent evidence of shagginess has been found for the textile. Instead, this contribution demonstrates that there is anotherguz-zameaning ‘bright red’ that was applied to textiles and wool in the lexical lists of the 2ndmillennium BCE, suggesting that thetug₂guz-za/tug₂guz.zawas conceived of as a red cloth at least in some periods.
Differences between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and I in stable populations: underlying causes and clinical implications
Authors: Eggers Kai M. , Hammarsten Ola , Lindahl Bertil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Measurement of high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin (cTn) T and I is widely studied for cardiac assessment of stable populations. Recent data suggest clinical and prognostic discrepancies between both hs-cTn. We aimed at reviewing published studies with respect to underlying causes and clinical implications.

Content
We summarized current evidence on release and clearance mechanisms of cTnT and I, and on preanalytical and assay-related issues potentially portending to differences in measured concentrations. We also performed a systematic review of outcome studies comparing both hs-cTn in the general population, patients with congestive heart failure, stable coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation.

Summary and outlook
For the interpretation of concentrations of hs-cTnT, stronger association with renal dysfunction compared to hs-cTnI should be considered. Hs-cTnT also appears to be a stronger indicator of general cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. Hs-cTnI concentrations tend to be more sensitive to coronary artery disease and ischemic outcomes. These findings apparently reflect variations in the mechanisms of cardiac affections resulting in cTn release. Whether these differences are of clinically relevance remains to be elucidated. However, having the option of choosing between either hs-cTn might represent an option for framing individualized cardiac assessment in the future.
Forfeiture of leases, waiver of the right of entry and mixed use property in English law
Authors: Akhtar Zia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Forfeiture is a contractual right under the lease which is a right preserved under Section 24 (2) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954. Landlords need to be careful when demanding or accepting rent when they become aware of a breach of a term. If a landlord wants to forfeit as a result of a breach (and they have the right to forfeit as is provided for in their lease) and there is rent due, they should not demand or accept rent accruing beyond the date they become aware of the breach, as this would likely amount to a waiver. Under section 146 notice under the Law of Property Act (LPA) 1925 to indicate an intention to forfeit the lease the landlords need to be careful when demanding or accepting rent when they become aware of a breach of a term. This article will consider the process of forfeiture in English law and the consequences of waiver by the landlord of breach of term in the lease.
What Liability with the Internet of Things? Insights from the European Case-Law of the PIP Affair
Authors: Gennari Francesca 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to explain why it is relevant to connect the European case-law on the Medical Devices Directive (MDD), by focussing on the defective breasts prostheses saga, to the future regulation of liability for healthcare IoT objects. I believe that by examining the recent case-law dealing with shortcomings in the regulation of medical devices, it will be possible to build a future liability scheme for defective IoT objects with medical functions. The article discusses how the new Medical Devices Regulation (MDR) is different from the previous MDD and whether it is likely to influence liability schemes for healthcare IoT objects. In conclusion, I argue that, however imperfect, the MDR could support the application of national liability systems in order to provide more effective and more protective liability schemes for IoT objects with medical functions.
Pricing quantitative model design of distribution network assets REITs products and ABS products
Authors: Wang Jianmwen , Zhang Huazheng , Jin Songhua , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the development of asset securitization in China has maintained a rapid growth pattern. The raised funds will be used to support enterprises in power grids or related industrial chains to obtain financial equivalent services. Reasonable pricing of distribution network assets REITs, ABS products and other financial products related to distribution network assets is an important auxiliary means to establish asset guarantee. The research of quantitative distribution network asset valuation model provides a good theoretical and working support for solving the reasonable pricing problem of distribution network assets. This paper will focus on the theoretical basis and related methods of quantitative model design for REITs products and ABS products from the perspective of distribution network assets. The results show that asset prices fluctuate at the 1% level for every 1% change in default rate when the prepayment rate is unchanged. The results show that the price of ABS products is more sensitive to the change of prepayment rate.