bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Schleifverfahren zur Keramikbearbeitung
Authors: Uhlmann Eckart , Holl Sven-Erik , Ardelt Thomas , Sroka Frank , Laufer Jörgen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bezüglich wirtschaftlicher Produktionstechnologien besteht insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Großserienfertigung hochbeanspruchter keramischer Bauteile nach wie vor erheblicher Forschungsbedarf. Dieser zweiteilige Beitrag stellt laufende Untersuchungen des Instituts für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb (IWF) der TU Berlin zur Keramikbearbeitung vor. Der erste Teil befaßte sich mit dem ultraschallunterstützten Schleifen sowie dem Planschleifen mit Läppkinematik. Die Schwerpunkte des zweiten Teils liegen in der Abrichttechnologie und der Kühlschmierung beim Schleifen von keramischen Werkstoffen.
Effektives Variantenmanagement
Authors: Wildemann Horst 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mit der zunehmenden Differenzierung von Kundenwünschen erfordert der Wandel vom Anbieter- zum Käufermarkt in den Unternehmen einen ständigen Ausbau des angebotenen Variantenspektrums. Eine Variantenkostenbetrachtung muß folgende Fragen beantworten: Welche Varianten sind ineffizient und können aus dem Produktionsprogramm eliminiert werden? Wieviel Prozent der Gesamtkosten, gemessen am Hauptprodukt, macht die Variante aus und ab welcher Stückzahl rechtfertigt sich die Produktion einer Variante?
Toleranzbasierte Auswahl von Werkzeugmaschinen für die Fräsbearbeitung
Authors: Tönshoff Hans Kurt , Ehrmann Marc 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Entwicklung eines Konzeptes dargestellt, das auf einer systemneutralen Werkstückbeschreibung basierend die Auswahl von Werkzeugmaschinen für die Fräsbearbeitung in der Einzel- und Kleinserienfertigung unterstützt. Für die Übergabe der geometrischen und technologischen Informationen aus der Konstruktion wird eine formale Beschreibung entwickelt, die die systemunabhängige Weitergabe der Werkstückdaten erlaubt. Die für die Auswahl notwendigen Angaben zu den Maschinen werden in einem Werkstattmodell gespeichert. Dies stellt die aktuellen Betriebsmitteldaten zur Verfügung und läßt sich in seiner Struktur an das jeweilige Unternehmen anpassen.
Der Wiederaufbau des westdeutschen Werkzeugmaschinenbaus in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren
Authors: Spur Günter , Haak René 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In den ersten Nachkriegsjahren stand der Werkzeugmaschinenbau in Deutschland vor einem Neuanfang. Neben den Reparationsleistungen behinderten auch umfangreiche Produktionsbeschränkungen und -verbote die technologische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung dieser Branche. Erst die Währungsreform vom Juni 1948 belebte den gesamten Wirtschaftskreislauf. Mit der Reduzierung der Demontage ab 1949 setzte ein Aufbau der westdeutschen Werkzeugmaschinenindustrie ein.
Consolidation of Sleep-Dependent Appetitive Memory Is Mediated by a Sweet-Sensing Circuit
Authors: Chouhan Nitin S. , Sehgal Amita 
Published: March 2022

Sleep is a universally conserved physiological state which contributes toward basic organismal functions, including cognitive operations such as learning and memory. Intriguingly, organisms can sometimes form memory even without sleep, such thatDrosophiladisplay sleep-dependent and sleep-independent memory in an olfactory appetitive training paradigm. Sleep-dependent memory can be elicited by the perception of sweet taste, and we now show that a mixed-sex population of flies maintained on sorbitol, a tasteless but nutritive substance, do not require sleep for memory consolidation. Consistent with this, silencing sugar-sensing gustatory receptor neurons in fed flies triggers a switch to sleep-independent memory consolidation, whereas activating sugar-sensing gustatory receptor neurons results in the formation of sleep-dependent memory in starved flies. Sleep-dependent and sleep-independent memory relies on distinct subsets of reward signaling protocerebral anterior medial dopaminergic neurons (PAM DANs) such that PAM-β′2mp DANs mediate memory in fed flies whereas PAM-α1 DANs are required in starved flies. Correspondingly, we observed a feeding-dependent calcium increase in PAM-β′2mp DANs, but not in PAM-α1 DANs. Following training, the presence of sweet sugars recruits PAM-β′2mp DANs, whereas tasteless medium increases calcium in PAM-α1 DANs. Together, this work identifies mechanistic underpinnings of sleep-dependent memory consolidation, in particular demonstrating a role for the processing of sweet taste reward signals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSleep is essential for encoding and consolidating memories, but animals must often suppress sleep for survival. Consequently,Drosophilahave evolved sleep-independent consolidation that allows retention of essential information without sleep. In the presence of food, sleep is required for memory, but mechanisms that transmit signals from food cues to regulate the need for sleep in memory are largely unknown. We found that sweet-sensing neurons drive the recruitment of specific reward signaling dopaminergic neurons to establish sleep-dependent memory. Conversely, in the absence of a sweet stimulus, different neurons are activated within the same dopaminergic cluster for sleep-independent memory consolidation. Therefore, the processing of sleep-dependent memory relies on the presence of sweet sugars that signal through reward circuitry.
Synaptotagmins 1 and 7 Play Complementary Roles in Somatodendritic Dopamine Release
Authors: Hikima Takuya , Witkovsky Paul , Khatri Latika , Chao Moses V. , Rice Margaret E. 
Published: March 2022

The molecular mechanisms underlying somatodendritic dopamine (DA) release remain unresolved, despite the passing of decades since its discovery. Our previous work showed robust release of somatodendritic DA in submillimolar extracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]o). Here we tested the hypothesis that the high-affinity Ca2+sensor synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7), is a key determinant of somatodendritic DA release and its Ca2+dependence. Somatodendritic DA release from SNc DA neurons was assessed using whole-cell recording in midbrain slices from male and female mice to monitor evoked DA-dependent D2 receptor-mediated inhibitory currents (D2ICs). Single-cell application of an antibody to Syt7 (Syt7 Ab) decreased pulse train-evoked D2ICs, revealing a functional role for Syt7. The assessment of the Ca2+dependence of pulse train-evoked D2ICs confirmed robust DA release in submillimolar [Ca2+]oin wild-type (WT) neurons, but loss of this sensitivity with intracellular Syt7 Ab or in Syt7 knock-out (KO) mice. In millimolar [Ca2+]o, pulse train-evoked D2ICs in Syt7 KOs showed a greater reduction in decreased [Ca2+]othan seen in WT mice; the effect on single pulse-evoked DA release, however, did not differ between genotypes. Single-cell application of a Syt1 Ab had no effect on train-evoked D2ICs in WT SNc DA neurons, but did cause a decrease in D2IC amplitude in Syt7 KOs, indicating a functional substitution of Syt1 for Syt7. In addition, Syt1 Ab decreased single pulse-evoked D2ICs in WT cells, indicating the involvement of Syt1 in tonic DA release. Thus, Syt7 and Syt1 play complementary roles in somatodendritic DA release from SNc DA neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe respective Ca2+dependence of somatodendritic and axonal dopamine (DA) release differs, resulting in the persistence of somatodendritic DA release in submillimolar Ca2+concentrations too low to support axonal release. We demonstrate that synaptotagmin7 (Syt7), a high-affinity Ca2+sensor, underlies phasic somatodendritic DA release and its Ca2+sensitivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In contrast, we found that synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1), the Ca2+sensor underlying axonal DA release, plays a role in tonic, but not phasic, somatodendritic DA release in wild-type mice. However, Syt1 can facilitate phasic DA release after Syt7 deletion. Thus, we show that both Syt1 and Syt7 act as Ca2+sensors subserving different aspects of somatodendritic DA release processes.
A Critical Role for DLK and LZK in Axonal Repair in the Mammalian Spinal Cord
Authors: Saikia Junmi M. , Chavez-Martinez Carmine L. , Kim Noah D. , Allibhoy Sahar , Kim Hugo J. , Simonyan Lidiya , Smadi Samraa , Tsai Kristen M. , Romaus-Sanjurjo Daniel , Jin Yishi , Zheng Binhai 
Published: March 2022

The limited ability for axonal repair after spinal cord injury underlies long-term functional impairment. Dual leucine-zipper kinase [DLK; MAP kinase kinase kinase 12; MAP3K12] is an evolutionarily conserved MAP3K implicated in neuronal injury signaling fromCaenorhabditis elegansto mammals. However, whether DLK or its close homolog leucine zipper kinase (LZK; MAP3K13) regulates axonal repair in the mammalian spinal cord remains unknown. Here, we assess the role of endogenous DLK and LZK in the regeneration and compensatory sprouting of corticospinal tract (CST) axons in mice of both sexes with genetic analyses in a regeneration competent background provided by PTEN deletion. We found that inducible neuronal deletion of both DLK and LZK, but not either kinase alone, abolishes PTEN deletion-induced regeneration and sprouting of CST axons, and reduces naturally-occurring axon sprouting after injury. Thus, DLK/LZK-mediated injury signaling operates not only in injured neurons to regulate regeneration, but also unexpectedly in uninjured neurons to regulate sprouting. Deleting DLK and LZK does not interfere with PTEN/mTOR signaling, indicating that injury signaling and regenerative competence are independently controlled. Together with our previous study implicating LZK in astrocytic reactivity and scar formation, these data illustrate the multicellular function of this pair of MAP3Ks in both neurons and glia in the injury response of the mammalian spinal cord.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFunctional recovery after spinal cord injury is limited because of a lack of axonal repair in the mammalian CNS. Dual leucine-zipper kinase (DLK) and leucine zipper kinase (LZK) are two closely related protein kinases that have emerged as regulators of neuronal responses to injury. However, their role in axonal repair in the mammalian spinal cord has not been described. Here, we show that DLK and LZK together play critical roles in axonal repair in the mammalian spinal cord, validating them as potential targets to promote repair and recovery after spinal cord injury. In addition to regulating axonal regeneration from injured neurons, both kinases also regulate compensatory axonal growth from uninjured neurons, indicating a more pervasive role in CNS repair than originally anticipated.
Reduced Primacy Bias in Autism during Early Sensory Processing
Authors: Goris Judith , Braem Senne , Van Herck Shauni , Simoens Jonas , Deschrijver Eliane , Wiersema Jan R. , Paton Bryan , Brass Marcel , Todd Juanita 
Published: March 2022

Recent theories of autism propose that a core deficit in autism would be a less context-sensitive weighting of prediction errors. There is also first support for this hypothesis on an early sensory level. However, an open question is whether this decreased context sensitivity is caused by faster updating of one's model of the world (i.e., higher weighting of new information), proposed by predictive coding theories, or slower model updating. Here, we differentiated between these two hypotheses by investigating how first impressions shape the mismatch negativity (MMN), reflecting early sensory prediction error processing. An autism and matched control group of human adults (bothn= 27, 8 female) were compared on the multi-timescale MMN paradigm, in which tones were presented that were either standard (frequently occurring) or deviant (rare), and these roles reversed every block. A well-replicated observation is that the initial model (i.e., the standard and deviant sound in the first block) influences MMN amplitudes in later blocks. If autism is characterized by faster model updating, and thus a smaller primacy bias, we hypothesized (and demonstrate using a simple reinforcement learning model) that their MMN amplitudes should be less influenced by the initial context. In line with this hypothesis, we found that MMN responses in the autism group did not differ between the initial deviant and initial standard sounds as they did in the control group. These findings are consistent with the idea that autism is characterized by faster model updating during early sensory processing, as proposed by predictive coding accounts of autism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent theories of autism propose that a core deficit in autism is that they are faster to update their models of the world based on new sensory information. Here, we tested this hypothesis by investigating how first impressions shape brain responses during early sensory processing, and hypothesized that individuals with autism would be less influenced by these first impressions. In line with earlier studies, our results show that early sensory processing was influenced by first impressions in a control group. However, this was not the case in an autism group. This suggests that individuals with autism are faster to abandon their initial model, and is consistent with the proposal that they are faster to update their models of the world.
Marie Jaëll: Pioneer of Musical Embodiment Studies
Authors: Robb Hamish 
Published: March 2022

Although hardly mentioned in English-language music scholarship today, the French musician Marie (Trautmann) Jaëll (1846–1925) was a pioneer of musical embodiment studies. Jaëll’s conception of both performing and listening unites body and mind: she shows musical expression and meaning to be inextricably connected to thought, inner hearing, movement, tension, and touch. Her theory—which is supported by recent research in music theory, pedagogy, and psychology—is the most comprehensive early model of musical embodiment.
Jaëll’s theoretical framework rests on a concept of an elastic, dynamic consciousness. How we think and move around the piano—and how we think and move through “musical space”—greatly affects not just the actual sound produced but also the sound we believe we hear. Particular bodily attitudes, and the thinking that underlies them, encourage particular ways of hearing for both performer and listener. Thoughts and movements nurture an inner music more ideal than either the notes on the score or the real sound made by the instrument.
Despite suffering greatly from the gender bias of her time, Jaëll presents a theory that forces us to accord her a pivotal place in the history of embodiment studies. Her theory demonstrates music to be a dynamic act that we understand through our own bodies and senses.
Estudio Sociolingüístico del Quechua de Huancavelica
Authors: Escobar Zapata Emérita 
Published: March 2022

La presente investigación es de carácter sociolínguístico, y el objetivo central es, exponer nuevos datos registrados en una de las hablas contemporáneas del quechua sureño, y a partir de ellos se analiza y discute, a la luz de las teorías variacionista y del contacto de lenguas, en primer lugar, la presencia del acento agudo en el quechua del distrito de Moya; en segundo lugar, el proceso de fricativización que afecta sólo parcialmente a los segmentos /k/, /q/ y /č/, los cuales devienen en sus formas /x/, /X/ y /š/, respectivamente, Metodológicamente, se da cuenta del tipo de variables sociolingüísticas identificadas en estos fenómenos y la forma como se ha llevado a cabo la recopilación de datos.
Nota: Quechua ancashino: una mirada actual (de Félix Julca)
Authors: Solís Fonseca Gustavo 
Published: March 2022

Esta publicación es la primera sobre el quechua ancashino que presenta una visión de conjunto del quechua hablado en el departamento de Ancash
El quechua ancashino es una de las variedades del llamado quechua central, es decir, del quechua hablado en el área geográfica central del territorio peruano. Este es el área que corresponde a la más remota en el tiempo ocupada por el quechua, antes de su difusión a los otros espacios en los que se ha hablado o aún se habla: al sur, al norte o al oriente peruanos y en países vecinos en Ecuador, Colombia, Brasil, Bolivia y Argentina. También es relevante señalar que el área del Perú central es un espacio fundamental en la formación y configuración de aquello que llamamos cultura andina, el mayor legado para los peruanos y para la humanidad, pues es el lugar donde se domestican animales (los camélidos) y uno especial que todos apreciamos, el cuy; también es el espacio de la domesticación de plantas, vale decir, del nacimiento de la agricultura, Debemos agregar que ésta es el área donde surgieron importantes sociedades y formaciones de estado en los Andes , como aquel de Cara), de Chavín, de Cotosh, de Pumpo, y varios más que los arqueólogos identifican como estados regionales, algunos de los cuales son sin duda las primeras sociedades complejas de América.
La cohesión y mecanismos de cohesión en la composición de textos
Authors: Evangelista Huari Desiderio 
Published: March 2022

En la enseñanza de la redacción y composición de textos, ¿qué enseñar?, ¿para qué enseñar?, ¿cómo enseñar? son preguntas recurrentes que se hacen los docentes de esta área cuando realizan su labor en la universidad. Desde luego, estas interrogantes están relacionadas con la materia que enseñan y las estrategias metodológicas que utilizan. Precisamente, el contenido del presente artículo forma parte del capítulo sexto de la investigación realizada para mi tesis doctoral y cuyo título original es Estrategias sintácticas para afianzar la cohesión y la coherencia textual en la redacción de los estudiantes universitarios. Como sabemos la cohesión es la propiedad gramatical que presenta todo texto para asegurar la conexión entre sus componentes. Para tal efecto, intervienen unos elementos, llamados mecanismos de cohesión. Estos elementos de cohesión tienen que ver con la relación entre los referentes, sea este de carácter anafórico o catafórico, los cuales detallaremos en este artículo.
Financial Implications of Short Stay Pediatric Hospitalizations
Authors: Synhorst David C. , Hall Matt , Macy Michelle L. , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Markham Jessica L. , Shah Samir S. , Moretti Anthony , Raval Mehul V. , Tian Yao , Russell Heidi , Hartley Jonathan , Morse Rustin , Gay James C. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUNDObservation status (OBS) stays incur similar costs to low-acuity, short-stay inpatient (IP) hospitalizations. Despite this, payment for OBS is likely less and may represent a financial liability for children’s hospitals. Thus, we described the financial outcomes associated with OBS stays compared to similar IP stays by hospital and payer.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of clinically similar pediatric OBS and IP encounters at 15 hospitals contributing to the revenue management program in 2017. Clinical and demographic characteristics were described. For each hospitalization, the cost coverage ratio (CCR) was calculated by dividing revenue by estimated cost of hospitalization. Differences in CCR were evaluated using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and results were stratified by billing designation and payer. CCR for OBS and IP stays were compared by institution, and the estimated increase in revenue by billing OBS stays as IP was calculated.RESULTSOBS was assigned to 70 981 (56.9%) of 124 789 hospitalizations. Use of OBS varied across hospitals (8%–86%). For included hospitalizations, OBS stays were more likely than IP stays to result in financial loss (57.0% vs 35.7%). OBS stays paid by public payer had the lowest median CCR (0.6; interquartile range [IQR], 0.2–0.9). Paying OBS stays at the median IP rates would have increased revenue by $167 million across the 15 hospitals.CONCLUSIONSOBS stays were significantly more likely to result in poor financial outcomes than similar IP stays. Costs of hospitalization and billing designations are poorly aligned and represent an opportunity for children’s hospitals and payers to restructure payment models.
Geleceğin Hekimleri Etik İkilemle Karşılaştıklarında Nasıl Davranacaklar? Adli Tıp Staj Rehberliğine Bir Bakış
Authors: Yıldız Abdulkadir , Gürpınar Süleyman Serhat , Eroğlu İbrahim , Cinkara Osman , Aldemir Fatma Nur 
Published: March 2022

Objective: In this study, the guidance of forensic medicine education to medical students on ethical dilemmas and its effect on their attitudes and behaviours on ethical approach were examined, at the same time, common ethical dilemmas tried to be solved through discussion.
Methods: A survey, trying to determine the attitudes and behaviors of the students in the face of possible scenarios including ethical dilemmas in their medical professional life, was applied on 111 volunteer participants covering fifth semester medical students. “SPSS for Windows 17.0” package program was used to analyze the acquired data.
Results: It was observed that medical faculty students taking forensic medicine internship training stated that they would present a statistically significant level of ethical approach compared to those not taking forensic medicine internship training in all six scenarios with ethical dilemma (Scenarios 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 p<0.01 / Scenario 3 p<0.05).
Conclusion: Ethical dilemmas are the significant issues that a physician will often encounter throughout his career. Physicians should solve these dilemmas by knowing about their ethical responsibilities and the national and international regulations on these responsibilities. Thus, teaching about the medical ethics and these regulations in medical education have a particular importance. It was thought that there should not be such a significant difference of an ethical approach among the students in the same period of their education process. Since ethic is the common ground of all medical branches, each branch should include the education of ethic in its curriculum.
An analytical study on the ocular manifestations of autoimmune blistering skin disorders, in patients attending a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Vinupal Anupama 
Published: March 2022

Autoimmune blistering skin diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases that have as their common feature autoantibodies directed against desmosomal structural proteins. They can sometimes affect the eye, with manifestations ranging from mild to potentially vision threatening. To evaluate the spectrum and incidence of ocular manifestations and to analyze whether early ophthalmological examination will be beneficial in reducing ocular morbidity.rn Hospital based analytical study conducted at Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. This study involved 100 patients diagnosed with autoimmune blistering skin disorder attending Dermatology and Ophthalmology outpatient department and included a comprehensive ocular examination of the patients. The collected data were analysed with IBM.SPSS statistics software 23.0 Version. To find the association of significance in categorical data the Chi-Square test was used. In the above statistical tool, the probability value .05 was considered as significant level. Autoimmune blistering skin diseases were associated with a significant proportion of ocular manifestations, of which in this study, dry eye and conjunctivitis were the most common. Dry eye and conjunctivitis were the most common ocular manifestations in this study. Though none of the patients had vision threatening manifestations, a comprehensive ocular examination and follow up of these patients is necessary.