bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration with rapid on‐site evaluation performed by endoscopists in solid pancreatic lesions: A prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Song , Ni Muhan , Wang Pin , Zheng Jinyu , Sun Qi , Xu Guifang , Peng Chunyan , Shen Shanshan , Zhang Wei , Huang Shuling , Wang Lei , Zou Xiaoping , Lv Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is the most established diagnostic method for pancreatic tissue. Rapid on‐site evaluation by a trained endoscopist (self‐ROSE) can improve the diagnostic accuracy. This research is aimed to analyze the application value of self‐ROSE for EUS‐FNA in solid pancreatic lesions.MethodsA total of 194 consecutive patients with solid pancreatic lesions in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to EUS‐FNA with or without self‐ROSE in this single‐center randomized controlled trial. Before initiating self‐ROSE, the endoscopist underwent training for pancreatic cytologic sample adequacy assessment and cytopathological diagnosis of EUS‐FNA in pathology department for 1 month. Some parts of the slides of EUS‐FNA were air dried, stained on‐site with BASO Liu's reagent, and on‐site evaluated in self‐ROSE group. Between the two groups, the diagnostic performance of EUS‐FNA was analyzed, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy, with a comparison of the number of needle passes and the complication rates.ResultsThe accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 94.8%, 94.4%, 100%, 100%, and 58.3% in the self‐ROSE group, respectively, and 70.1%, 65.1%, 100%, 100%, and 32.6% in the non‐self‐ROSE group. The diagnostic accuracy (P < 0.001) and sensitivity (P < 0.001) were both significantly increased during EUS‐FNA in the self‐ROSE group compared to the non‐self‐ROSE group. The rate of cytologic sample adequacy was 100% in self‐ROSE group and 80.4% in non‐self‐ROSE group. The number of passes were 3.38 ± 1.00 in self‐ROSE group and 3.22 ± 0.89 in non‐self‐ROSE group (P = 0.228). No complications were found in both. There was acceptable consistency between endoscopist and pathologist in the cytopathological diagnosis (kappa = 0.666, P < 0.05) and in the sample adequacy rate (kappa = 1.000, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur results demonstrated that self‐ROSE is valuable for EUS‐FNA in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions and is an important choice to routinely increase the accuracy of EUS‐FNA in centers without ROSE assessment.
Towards personalized treatment of T2N0 rectal cancer: A systematic review of long‐term oncological outcomes of neoadjuvant therapy followed by local excision
Authors: Peltrini Roberto , Imperatore Nicola , Di Nuzzo Maria Michela , Pellino Gianluca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimTotal mesorectal excision (TME) remains the treatment of choice in T2N0 tumors. However, evidence suggest that one‐size‐fits‐all approach is not always beneficial for this group of patients. The aim of this study is to synthesize data on long‐term outcomes after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) followed by local excision (LE) in T2N0 rectal cancer patients in the perspective of a rectal‐preserving strategy.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases was conducted until October 2021 to identify studies comparing LE after NAT and TME or reporting oncologic outcomes after conservative approach. A pooled analysis was conducted using a fixed‐effect model in the case of non‐significant heterogeneity (P > 0.1), and a random effect model (DerSimonian–Laird method) when significant heterogeneity was present (P < 0.1) CRD42022300344.ResultsNine studies were included in the analysis. Three of them were comparative studies. The pooled 3‐year DFS, 5‐year DFS, 3‐year OS, 5‐year OS, local and distant recurrence rates were 92.8% (95% CI 81.6–99.5%), 91.3% (95% CI 88.3–94.3%), 96.1% (95% CI 90.5–100%), 72.6% (95% CI 57.5–87.7%), 4% (95% CI 18–63%), and 4.9% (95% CI 2–7.8%), respectively, in subjects treated with NAT followed by LE. No heterogeneity was found for all these analyses, except for the 5‐year OS sub‐analysis (I2 95.5%, P < 0.001). Complete pathological response (ypT0) rate after NAT and LE ranges from 26.7% to 59%.ConclusionLE following neoadjuvant CRT may provide comparable survival benefit to radical surgery for patients with clinical stage T2N0 in selected patients although the evidence is still limited to provide solid recommendations. A personalized therapeutic approach taking into account tumor and patient‐related factors should be considered.
Patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated fibrosis‐4 are under‐referred to hepatology and have unrecognized hepatic decompensation
Authors: Dunn Winston , Song Xing , Koestler Devin , Grdinovac Kristine , Al‐hihi Eyad , Chen John , Taylor Ryan , Wilson Jessica , Weinman Steven A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends a high index of suspicion for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and an elevated fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4). We investigated the referral pattern of patients with T2D and FIB4 > 3.25 to the hepatology clinic and evaluated the clinical benefits to the patient.MethodsWe included patients aged 18–80 years with T2D and a FIB4 score >3.25 who had visited the internal medicine, family medicine, endocrinology clinic from 01/01/2014–5/31/2019. The first time point of high‐risk FIB‐4 was identified as the baseline for time‐to‐event analysis. The patients were classified based on whether they had visited the hepatology clinic (referred vs not referred).ResultsOf the 2174 patients, 290 (13.3%) were referred to the hepatology clinic, and 1884 (86.7%) were not referred. In multivariate analyses, the referred patients had a lower overall mortality risk (Hazard Ratio: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38–87). Notably, the referred patients had the same rate of biochemical decompensation, as measured by progression to MELD ≥ 14, but a substantially higher rate of diagnosis in cirrhosis (27, 19–38) and cirrhosis complications, including ascites (2.9, 2.0–4.1), hepatic encephalopathy (99, 13–742), and liver cancer (14, 5–38).ConclusionsWe found that patients with T2D and high‐risk FIB4 are associated with better overall survival after referral to a hepatology clinic. We speculate that the survival difference is due to the increased recognition of cirrhosis and cirrhosis complications in the referred populations.
Effect of gastro‐esophageal reflux symptoms on the risk of Barrett's esophagus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Eusebi Leonardo H , Telese Andrea , Cirota Giovanna G , Haidry Rehan , Zagari R Maurizio , Bazzoli Franco , Ford Alexander C 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimGastro‐esophageal reflux (GER) is the main predisposing factor for Barrett's esophagus (BE). A more precise estimate of the association of GER symptoms with the risk of BE would be important to prioritize endoscopic screening. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine this issue.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and EMBASE Classic were searched to identify cross‐sectional studies that reported the prevalence of BE based on presence of GER symptoms. The prevalence of BE was compared according to presence or absence of GER symptoms using an odds ratio (OR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Specificity and sensitivity of GER symptoms for predicting BE was calculated.ResultsOf 10,463 citations evaluated, 19 studies reported the prevalence of BE in 43,017 subjects. The pooled OR among individuals with weekly GER symptoms compared with those without was 1.67 (95% CI 1.30–2.15) for endoscopically suspected BE, and 2.42 (95% CI 1.59–3.68) for histologically confirmed BE. No significant association was found between weekly GER symptoms and the presence of short segment BE (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.86–1.97), whereas a strong association was present with long segment BE, with an OR of 6.30 (95% CI 2.26–17.61).ConclusionsGastro‐esophageal reflux symptoms are associated with an increased odds of BE, with a further increase when weekly symptoms are present. Overall, GER symptoms showed low sensitivity and specificity for predicting BE; however, a strong association was found between weekly GER symptoms and long segment BE, but not short segment BE, suggesting that it may be worth considering screening individuals with weekly GER symptoms to rule out long segment BE.
Survive and thrive: Personal stories of persistence and resilience in aging research
Authors: Wong Melisa L. , Brown Cynthia J. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Zeng Sandra , Mohile Supriya G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn academic career in aging research is filled with the incredible highs of important discoveries that improve the lives of older adults and repeated lows when papers and grants are rejected or studies are negative. To normalize the experience of setbacks and failures in aging research, we invited three senior investigators to share their journeys of persistence and resilience as they have navigated their research careers. This career development symposium was presented at the 2021 Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Geriatrics Society, which was held virtually. We aimed to connect researchers in aging, especially trainees and junior investigators, through personal stories of persistence and shared strategies to build resilience and respond to setbacks with a growth mindset.
Choosing a Birth Setting: A Shared Decision‐Making Approach
Authors: George Erin K. , Mitchell Stephanie , Stacey Dawn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPerinatal outcomes vary widely depending on individual birth settings (birth center, home, and hospital). The purpose of this case study is to explore a patient‐centered, shared decision‐making approach to achieve an informed, values‐based choice about birth settings. Engaging in a shared decision‐making approach regarding birth setting options would support people to have the information and ability to judge for themselves how benefits and risks across birth center, home, and hospital settings would best fit with their values and personal health. A patient decision aid about birth setting options could facilitate increased equity regarding access to birth settings that offer improved perinatal health outcomes, helping to reduce perinatal health disparities in the United States.
Serial evaluation of thoracic radiographs and acute phase proteins in dogs with pneumonia
Authors: Menard Julie , Porter Ian , Lerer Assaf , Robbins Sarah , Johnson Philippa J. , Goggs Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute phase proteins (APP) may guide treatment of pneumonia in dogs but correlations with radiographic abnormalities are poorly characterized.ObjectivesDevelop a thoracic radiographic severity scoring system (TRSS), assess correlation of radiographic changes with APP concentrations, and compare time to APP and radiograph normalization with duration of antimicrobials treatment.AnimalsSixteen client‐owned dogs, 12 with aspiration pneumonia, and 4 with community‐acquired pneumonia.MethodsConcentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin were measured on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 60 and orthogonal 2‐view thoracic radiographs were obtained on days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 60. Treatment was clinician‐guided and blinded to APP concentrations. Radiographic severity scores were assigned by blinded, randomized retrospective review by 2 board‐certified radiologists with arbitration by a third radiologist.ResultsMedian (interquartile range [IQR]) time to normalization of CRP (7 days [7‐14]) and SAA concentrations (7 days [7‐14]) were shorter than antimicrobial treatment duration (17.5 days [14.5‐33.5];P = .001 and .002, respectively) and TRSS normalization (14 days [8.8‐52],P = .02 and .02, respectively). The CRP and SAA concentrations were positively correlated with TRSS (CRPrs, 0.643; SAArs, 0.634; bothP < .0001). Both CRP and SAA identified normal thoracic radiographs area under the curve (AUC) 0.873 and 0.817, respectively, bothP < .0001. Interobserver agreement for TRSS assignment was moderate (κ, .499;P < .0001).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceConcentrations of CRP and SAA normalized before radiographic resolution and before clinicians discontinued antimicrobial treatment. The CRP and SAA concentrations may guide duration of antimicrobial treatment for dogs with pneumonia.
Association between quantitative bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and antibiotic requirement in dogs with lower respiratory tract signs
Authors: Lebastard Matthieu , Beurlet‐Lafarge Stephanie , Gomes Eymeric , Le Boedec Kevin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, positive bacterial cultures from the lower respiratory tract (LRT) have been considered clinically relevant when quantitative bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were >1700 colony forming units (cfu)/mL. However, this threshold might not accurately predict a requirement for antibiotics.ObjectivesTo study whether quantitative BALF bacterial culture results were predictive of antibiotic requirement in dogs with LRT signs.AnimalsThirty‐three client‐owned dogs.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Dogs with positive quantitative bacterial culture of BALF were included. Dogs were divided into 2 groups, depending on whether they had a LRT infection requiring antibiotics (LRTI‐RA) or LRT disease not requiring antibiotics (LRTD‐NRA), based on thoracic imaging features, presence of intracellular bacteria on BALF cytology, and response to treatment. Predictive effect of cfu/mL and BALF total nucleated cell count (TNCC) on antibiotic requirement, adjusting for ongoing or prior antibiotic therapy and age, were studied using logistic regression.ResultsTwenty‐two and 11 dogs were included in the LRTI‐RA and LRTD‐NRA groups, respectively. The cfu/mL was not significantly predictive of antibiotic requirement, independent of ongoing or prior antibiotic treatment and age (LRTI‐RA: median, 10 000 cfu/mL; range, 10‐3 × 108; LRTD‐NRA: median, 10  000 cfu/mL; range, 250‐1.3 × 109; P = .27). The TNCC was not significantly predictive of antibiotic requirement when only dogs with bronchial disease were considered (LRTI‐RA: median, 470 cells/μL; range, 240‐2260; LRTD‐NRA: median, 455 cells/μL; range, 80‐4990; P = .57).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe cfu/mL is an inappropriate measure for determining whether antibiotics are of benefit in dogs with LRT signs.
Increased incidence of facial pityriasis versicolor in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic—A consequence of mask usage?
Authors: Kaliyadan Feroze , Ashique Karalikkattil T. , Jayasree Puravoor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe describe a case series of seven children presenting with pityriasis versicolor on the face, localized to the area of coverage by the mask. The increased use of face masks after the opening up of schools, combined with a humid environment and associated sweating might be responsible for an increased presentation of facial pityriasis versicolor in children in our community.
Access to kidney transplantation among pediatric candidates with prior solid organ transplants in the United States
Authors: Husain Syed Ali , King Kristen L. , Owen‐Simon Nina L. , Fernandez Hilda E. , Ratner Lloyd E. , Mohan Sumit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric kidney transplant candidates require timely access to transplant to optimize growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We studied access to transplant for pediatric candidates with prior organ transplants.MethodsWe used US registry data to identify pediatric kidney transplant candidates added to the waiting list 2015–2019 and used competing risk regression to study the association between prior transplant status and probability of receiving a kidney transplant, treating wait‐list removal and death as competing events.ResultsOf 4962 pediatric kidney transplant candidates included, 89% had no prior transplant and 11% had received a prior organ transplant (kidney 87%, liver 5%, heart 5%). Prior transplant recipients were older at listing (median 15 vs. 12 years) and more likely to have PRA≥98% (22% vs. 0.3%) (both p < .001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of candidates from each group who were preemptively wait‐listed. Unadjusted competing risk regression showed a lower risk of kidney transplant after wait‐listing among candidates with prior organ transplant (HR 0.52, 95%CI 0.47–0.59, p < .001). This association remained significant after adjusting for candidate characteristics (HR 0.73, 95%CI 0.63–0.83, p < .001). Among deceased donor kidney recipients, median KDPI was similar between groups, but recipients with prior transplants were more likely to receive kidneys from donors with hypertension (4% vs. 1%, p = .01) and donors after cardiac death (11% vs. 4%, p < .001).ConclusionsPediatric kidney transplant candidates with prior organ transplants have reduced access to transplant after wait‐listing. Allocation system changes are needed to improve timely access to transplant for this vulnerable group.
Flow and presentness in experience
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano , Cassaghi Daniele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the contemporary landscape about temporal experience, debates concerning the “hard question” of the experience of the flow—as opposed to debates concerning more qualitative aspects of temporality, such as change, movement, succession and duration—are gaining more and more attention. The overall dialectics can be thought of in terms of a debate between the realists (who take the phenomenology of the flow of time seriously, and propose various account of it) and deflationists (who take our description of temporal phenomenology as “flowy” to be spurious, and propose various explanation of this spuriousness). In this paper we look inside the realist side. We distinguish primitivist realism, according to which the feeling of time flowing is an irreducible sui generis phenomenology, and various forms of reductionist realism, according to which the experience of the flow is ultimately explainable in terms of a more basic phenomenology. We present reasons to be sceptical against the various reductionist proposals. The conclusion is thus disjunctive: either primitivism or deflationism is the correct account of the purported experience of the flow of time.
The novel frontal alpha asymmetry factor and its association with depression, anxiety, and personality traits
Authors: Monni Alessandra , Collison Katherine L. , Hill Kaylin E. , Oumeziane Belel Ait , Foti Dan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFrontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is widely examined in EEG research, yet a procedural consensus on its assessment is lacking. In this study, we tested a latent factorial approach to measure FAA. We assessed resting‐state FAA at broad, low, and high alpha bands (8–13; 8–10.5; and 11–13 Hz) using mastoids as reference electrodes and Current Source Density (CSD) transformation (N = 139 non‐clinical participants). From mastoid‐referenced data, we extracted a frontal alpha asymmetry factor (FAAf) and a parietal factor (PAAf) subjecting all asymmetry indices to a varimax‐rotated, principal component analysis. We explored split‐half reliability and discriminant validity of the mastoid factors and the mastoid and CSD raw asymmetry indices (F3/4, F7/8, P3/4, and P7/8). Both factor and raw scores reached an excellent split‐half reliability (>.99), but only the FAAf reached the maximum discriminant validity from parietal scores. Next, we explored the correlations of latent factor and raw FAA scores with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and personality traits to determine which associations were driven by FAA after variance from parietal activity was removed. After correcting for false discovery rate, only FAAf at the low alpha band was negatively associated with depression symptoms (a latent CES‐D factor) and significantly diverged from PAAf’s association with depression symptoms. With respect to personality traits, only CSD‐transformed F7/8 was positively correlated with Conscientiousness and significantly diverged from the correlations between Conscientiousness and P3/4 and P7/8. Overall, the latent factor approach shows promise for isolating functionally distinct resting‐state EEG signatures, although further research is needed to examine construct validity.
The impact of predation on population dynamics of the Crested Ibis in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, central China
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wu Si , Tong Yi‐Wei , Zhang Ya‐Zu , Li Xia , Ye Xin‐Ping , Yu Xiao‐Ping 
Published: May 2022

Predation is one of the most important extrinsic factors acting upon animal populations and is a strong selective force in the evolution of form and function. Understanding the impact of predation on bird population dynamics is crucial for understanding the predation pressure of bird populations and implementing conservation strategies, especially for threatened or endemic bird species. In this paper, we sorted the predation events in the wild Crested Ibis population in Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province, from 1981 to 2021 and in the reintroduced Crested Ibis population in Ningshan from 2008 to 2021. With the use of age‐classified Leslie matrix models to simulate Crested Ibis populations under different predation pressures, the random population growth rate was estimated, and the impact of predation on population dynamics was evaluated. The results showed that snakes and raptors were the main predators of Crested Ibis in the wild and reintroduced populations, and the number of dead individuals was unevenly distributed within the three age classes in both the wild population (df = 2,χ2 = 13.236,p < 0.05) and reintroduced population (df = 2,χ2 = 49.273,p < 0.01). Predation caused a reduction in the potential annual population growth rate of 2.37% (confidence interval [CI]: 2.29–2.45) in the wild population and 2.88% (CI: 2.82–2.94) in the reintroduced population. The overall average growth rates of the wild and reintroduced populations derived from population model simulations were 12.84 and 18.13%, respectively, which suggested that the wild and reintroduced populations was increasing under the current predation pressure and that the impact of predation on the population was acceptable and sustainable.
Contagious COVID‐19 policies: Policy diffusion during times of crisis
Authors: Mistur Evan M. , Givens John Wagner , Matisoff Daniel C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis demanded rapid, widespread policy action. In response, nations turned to different forms of social distancing policies to reduce the spread of the virus. These policies were implemented globally, proving as contagious as the virus they are meant to prevent. Yet, variation in their implementation invites questions as to how and why countries adopt social distancing policies, and whether the causal mechanisms driving these policy adoptions are based on internal resources and problem conditions or other external factors such as conditions in other countries. We leverage daily changes in international social distancing policies to understand the impacts of problem characteristics, institutional and economic context, and peer effects on social distancing policy adoption. Using fixed‐effects models on an international panel of daily data from 2020, we find that peer effects, particularly mimicry of geographic neighbors, political peers, and language agnates drive policy diffusion and shape countries' policy choices.