bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological Set of Initial Data for Scaling-Supercritical Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Camps Nicolas , Gassot Louise 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to evidence a pathological set of initial data for which the regularized solutions by convolution experience a norm-inflation mechanism, in arbitrarily short time. The result is in the spirit of the construction from Sun and Tzvetkov, where the pathological set contains a superposition of profiles that concentrate at different points. Thanks to finite propagation speed of the wave equation, and given a certain time, at most one profile exhibits significant growth. However, for Schrödinger-type equations, we cannot preclude the profiles from interacting between each other. Instead, we propose a method that exploits the regularizing effect of the approximate identity, which, at a given scale, rules out the norm inflation of the profiles that are concentrated at smaller scales.
Galois Distribution on Tori—A Refinement, Examples, and Applications
Authors: Baker Roger , Masser David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper we give a refinement of the one-dimensional form of Bilu’s Equidistribution Theorem together with some examples and applications. These include an explicit bound for the sum of the $e^{i\theta }$ taken over all conjugates $re^{i\theta }$ of an algebraic number $\alpha $ in terms of its height $h$ and degree $d$. That is applied to show that a certain discrepancy of $\alpha $ is at most $8000h^{1/3}$, which removes an extra term involving $d$ from previous bounds; this cannot be done simply by using a lower bound for $h$ in terms of $d$, even assuming the Lehmer Conjecture. And we give a new estimate for the norm of $1-\alpha $. We also improve existing upper bounds for the height of $\xi $ when $\xi ,1-\xi $ are multiplicatively dependent.
Nonwaivability of Labour Rights, Individual Waivers and the Emancipatory Function of Labour Law
Authors: Bogoeski Vladimir 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper intervenes in ongoing discussions on emerging legislation and jurisprudence across jurisdictions offering employees the possibility to renounce established labour rights through individual labour rights waivers. Building on discussions about consent and coercion in the employment relationship, the paper argues that individual labour rights waivers in most cases undermine labour law’s overall emancipatory potential, as they reverse the decommodifying effects of nonwaivable labour rights by re-appropriating the capitalist market logic that those very rights seek to offset. The paper’s intervention is twofold. It first develops the argument about the emancipatory function of labour law, and uses it to examine the negative effects of individual waivers on labour law’s capacity to emancipate working people and society at large. Second, the paper introduces a jurisdiction that until now has not been considered in the discussions on individual waivers, namely Germany. Although discussions on individual waivers in the scholarly discourse in Germany are marginal, the paper examines what current exceptions to nonwaivability might qualify as waivers, and argues that the reasons why individual labour rights waivers are less present lie in the strong collective dimension of the ideational framework that underpins German labour law.
Effect of Adulteration on Quality and Preliminary Risk Assessment of the Decoction Pieces of Farfarae Flos Based on the Determination of Hepatotoxic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids by UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Li An-Ping , Shi Yan-Ping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Farfarae Flos (FF) is a frequently used traditional herbal medicine with outstanding antitussive actions. The adulteration of FF decoction pieces is common.

Objective
This study aimed to study the effect of adulteration on the safety and quality of FF decoction pieces.

Methods
The proportion of impurities was conducted by cone quartering method. A simple and accurate ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established to simultaneous determinate three pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) as endogenous toxic compounds in FF. The traditional medicinal parts (flower bud), impurities (pedicel and rhizome) and unselected samples were determined respectively. The values of estimated daily intake (EDI) and margin of exposure (MOE) were used for risk assessment.

Results
Twenty batches of samples were collected from different habitats, and the proportion of impurities ranged from 17.51% to 41.27%. Pedicel and rhizome were the main impurities, accounting for more than 87.40% of the total impurities. The content of PAs in impurities was significantly higher. The EDI value range was 5.34 to 16.59 μg/kg bw/day, which was much higher than the standard safety value of 7.00 × 10−3 μg/kg bw/day. The MOE values ranges for life long time and shorter exposure were 14.29 to 44.37 and 371.53 to 1153.63, respectively, indicating that at least 80% of the samples had safety risks. Correlation analysis showed that the proportion of adulterated impurities had significant correlation with the values of EDI and MOE.

Conclusions
Adulteration of non medicinal parts may significantly increase the risk of medications of FF decoction pieces.

Highlights
This study provides an efficient methodology reference for the control of PAs and a basis for adulteration to affect the safety and quality of FF decoction pieces.
Determination of Cross-Reactivity of Contemporary Cannabinoids with THC Direct Immunoassay (ELISA) in Whole Blood
Authors: Moody Marykathryn T , Ringel Meaghan M , Mathews Colleen M , Midthun Kari M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Immunoassay procedures, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are widely used for screening samples in both driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and postmortem (PM) investigations. While these are sensitive and widely used techniques, they lack specificity compared to more novel instrumental screening platforms. In this study, the cross-reactivities of several cannabinoid isomers and related compounds were evaluated in whole blood using the Cannabinoids Direct ELISA kit from Immunalysis. The compounds of interest were supplemented individually at three different concentrations, ranging from 10 to 100 ng/mL or 10 to 1,000 ng/mL depending on analyte, to determine initial feasibility. Compounds exhibiting cross-reactivity were then tested to create dose–response curves to calculate the percent cross-reactivity. The cross-reactivity was determined to be 200% for delta-8-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (delta-8-carboxy-THC), 25% for delta-9,11-THC, 13% for delta-10-THC, 7% for delta-6a(10a)-THC, 3% for THC-O-acetate and 0.5% for tetrahydrocannabiphorol. To determine potential impacts on forensic laboratory casework, a review of DUID and PM casework was also performed. From November 2020 to June 2021, a random sampling of DUID and PM cases was selected monthly and evaluated for the presence of cannabinoid isomer(s) in the absence of a reportable delta-9-carboxy-THC result. While validated techniques for the identification and confirmation of these isomer(s) did not exist at the time of routine testing, delta-8-carboxy-THC was believed to be the most common isomer finding based on current testing capability. This study demonstrated a noticeable increase in the presence of isomeric cannabinoid compounds in both forensic DUID and PM casework sampled during this period and suggests potential impacts for clinical casework as well.
Automated and High-Throughput Urine Drug Screening Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Rydberg Magnus , Dowling Sarah , Manicke Nicholas E 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPaper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) has been shown to be a rapid, simple and inexpensive alternative to traditional forensic drug screening methods. It can address the limitations of both immunoassays and chromatography-based techniques due to its non-reliance on sample preparation and its ability to rapidly screen for a wide array of compounds. In this study, an automated PS-MS system was employed to semi-quantitatively screen for 40 commonly abused drugs and metabolites in urine after a 15-min glucuronidase reaction. The target compounds included common prescription opioids, fentanyl and norfentanyl, stimulants including methamphetamine and cocaine, benzodiazepines and antidepressants. The enzyme, buffer and internal standard solution were combined in one spiking solution to minimize sample handling. Analysis was carried out using a commercially available automated paper spray system coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. This method may prove useful for clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories as it allows for automated screening of complex samples for drugs without extraction, separation and sample cleanup.
Vitamin A-Induced Hypercalcemia in Burn Patients: A Case Study
Authors: Zeitouni Ferris , Zhu Christina , Pang Alan , O’Banion Scott , Bharadia Deepak , Griswold John 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vitamin and steroid supplementation such as oxandrolone are commonly given to speed the recovery process in severe burn injuries. Vitamin A is administered concurrently with steroids because of its pro-inflammatory and positive effects on wound healing. However, vitamin A supplementation warrants caution as hypercalcemia can result from vitamin A overdose. Our case involves an 18-year-old male injured in an oil field explosion who presented with 55% total body surface area (TBSA) partial- and full-thickness burns. Following successful resuscitation, he was given vitamin A, oxandrolone, vitamin C, and zinc sulfate as part of the standard vitamin supplementation. On hospital day (HD) 33, serum calcium levels were noted to be elevated and increased to 13 mg/dL a few days later. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels were found to be within normal range, and urine analysis showed normal calcium excretion. Subsequent assessment of vitamin A levels revealed significantly elevated levels at 93 mcg/dL. Vitamin A supplementation was discontinued, and the patient was discharged on HD 42. At the 1-month follow-up, serum calcium levels were normal, which links the hypercalcemia to vitamin A overdose. This case highlights the importance of considering vitamin A overdose as a cause for asymptomatic hypercalcemia with a normal parathyroid and vitamin D workup. While routine, vitamin A supplementation in burn patients calls for assessment of both serum calcium and vitamin A levels throughout the hospital stay to prevent hypercalcemia and its negative effects.
Audiovisual Materiality and the Technopoetical Gesture in Recent Black Poetry and Performance
Authors: Rippeon Andrew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Drawing on Black posthumanist theory, I consider the related but discrete areas of performance, poetics, and audiovisual practice, contextualizing and examining the works of exploratory poet Claudia Rankine, Pulitzer Prize-winning hip-hop artist Kendrick Lamar, and poet and performer Douglas Kearney. Borrowing from and extending Louis Chude-Sokei’s ideas of “Black technopoetics” as “the self-conscious interaction of Black thinkers, writers, and sound producers with technology,” I focus on how Rankine, Lamar, and Kearney situate Black subjectivity in networks of technological and televisual mediation. With regard to Rankine, I focus on her “Situations”—short video collaborations with her partner John Lucas—and contextualizes these with reference to David Marriott and his analysis of media and surveillance. I then consider Kendrick Lamar’s music videos and their practice of sampling and self-reference within the context of Alexander Weheliye’s and Paul Miller/aka DJ Spooky that Subliminal Kid’s posthumanist theories of the voice. I conclude by attending to the work of Douglas Kearney, who combines expressive typographic forms and unconventional vocalizations in his performance practice. These analyses are situated against a backdrop of white-supremacist violence and the media spectacle of Black death—what Marriot calls “infotainment”—and I arrive at a speculative conclusion regarding the intersections of very recent AI and historical archives of Black life.
Dual-Energy, Dual-Exposure PA and Lateral Chest Radiograph: Not Your Father’s Chest X-Ray
Authors: Boswell Gilbert E , Wolfgramm Sione T , Fong Raynard K , Hawley Daniel B 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
In the last two decades, our military and federal health care facilities have transitioned from traditional X-rays exposing film screen systems, developed much like photographic film, to an entirely digital detection system that affords computer processing of images and digital image and report distribution. While health care providers are well aware of the practicality of these advancements, they may not be aware of the improved diagnostic capabilities afforded by these new methods. In this report, we outline how application of physical principles of X-rays, with digital detectors and computer data manipulation, can present images demonstrating chest and heart diseases that were previously not readily visible by traditional film screen systems. More recently, dual-energy, dual-exposure systems have been implemented. This commentary is to educate the medical community so that they may better understand not only the written report but the information on the images being provided, along with potential pitfalls to avoid. Specifically, we demonstrate improved detection of pulmonary nodules and coronary atherosclerosis with the dual-energy technique.
Impact of a Laboratory-Developed Phenotypic Rapid Susceptibility Test Directly From Positive Blood Cultures on Time to Narrowest Effective Therapy in Patients With Gram-Negative Bacteremia: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Christensen Alyssa B , Footer Brent , Pusch Tobias , Heath Kim , Iqbal Maha , Wang Lian , Tallman Gregory , Cover Cameron , Marfori Jennifer , Kendall Brian , Stucky Nick , Greckel Meagan , Thomas Ivor L , Tran Katelynn , Yip Salena , Oethinger Margret 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is often needed prior to antimicrobial optimization for patients with gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSIs). Rapid AST (rAST) in combination with antimicrobial stewardship (AS) may decrease time to administration of narrower antibiotics.MethodsThis was a prospective, nonblinded, randomized trial evaluating the impact of a phenotypic rAST method vs conventional AST (cAST) in hospitalized patients with GN-BSI and source control. The primary outcome was time to narrowest effective therapy.ResultsTwo hundred seventy-four patients were randomized and 205 underwent analysis (97 cAST, 108 rAST). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to susceptibility results was 23 hours shorter in the rAST group (cAST: 62 [59–67] hours vs rAST: 39 [IQR, 35–46] hours; P &lt; .001). Median (IQR) time to narrowest effective therapy was similar between groups (cAST: 73 [44–138] hours vs rAST: 64 [42–92] hours; P = .10). Median (IQR) time to narrowest effective therapy was significantly shorter in a prespecified subgroup of patients not initially on narrowest therapy and during AS working hours (cAST: 93 [56–154] hours vs rAST: 62 [43–164] hours; P = .004). Significant decreases were observed in median (IQR) time to oral therapy (cAST: 126 [76–209] hours vs rAST: 91 [66–154] hours; P = .02) and median (IQR) length of hospital stay (cAST: 7 [4–13] days vs rAST: 5 [4–8] days; P = .04).ConclusionsIn patients with GN-BSI, rAST did not significantly decrease time to narrowest effective therapy but did decrease time to oral antibiotics and length of hospital stay. Rapid AST using existing microbiology platforms has potential to optimize patient outcomes.
Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection in People With HIV in Taiwan After Achieving Sustained Virologic Response With Antiviral Treatment: The RECUR Study
Authors: Liu Chen-Hua , Sun Hsin-Yun , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Hsieh Szu-Min , Yang Sheng-Shun , Kao Wei-Yu , Shih Yu-Lueng , Lin Chih-Lin , Liu Chun-Jen , Sheng Wang-Hui , Lo Yi-Chun , Liu Wen-Chun , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Su Tung-Hung , Tseng Tai-Chung , Chen Pei-Jer , Hung Chien-Ching , Kao Jia-Horng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Data on hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection in East Asian people with HIV after treatment-induced sustained virologic response (SVR) are limited.

Methods
HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Taiwan who achieved SVR12 with interferon (IFN) or direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) between 2005 and 2021 underwent HCV RNA measurements at SVR24 and then biannually. HCV reinfection was defined as the detection of different HCV strains beyond SVR12. HIV-negative, low-risk individuals with SVR12 served as reference patients. Crude reinfection rates and secular trends were assessed. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify baseline factors associated with HCV reinfection.

Results
A total of 216 HIV-positive and 1589 reference patients were recruited, with median follow-up durations of 3.0 and 6.0 years, respectively. During a total of 772 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), the HCV reinfection rate in HIV-positive patients was 4.02 per 100 PYFU (95% CI, 2.85–5.65), while the HCV reinfection rate in reference patients was 0.14 per 100 PYFU (95% CI, 0.09–0.23) during 10 862 PYFU. HIV-positive patients had a higher risk of HCV reinfection than reference patients (hazard ratio [HR], 17.63; 95% CI, 7.10–43.80; P &lt; .001). No baseline factors were predictive of HCV reinfection in HIV-positive patients. The incidence of HCV reinfection in HIV-positive patients increased after 2015, when DAAs were made available in Taiwan.

Conclusions
The risk of HCV reinfection remains high in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with treatment-induced SVR12. In addition to mass screening and treatment scale-up, strategies to reduce reinfection are needed for HCV microelimination in HIV-positive patients in Taiwan.
Counterparty Risk: Implications for Network Linkages and Asset Prices
Authors: Grigoris Fotis , Hu Yunzhi , Segal Gill 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the relation between trade credit, asset prices, and production-network linkages. Empirically, firms extending more trade credit earn 7.6$\%$ p.a. lower risk premiums and maintain longer relationships with customers. Using a production-based model, we quantitatively explain these novel facts. Trade credit reduces the departure probability of high-quality customers, thereby reducing firms’ exposures to systematic costs incurred in finding new customers. The mechanism predicts that the aggregate amount of trade credit proxies for customer-search costs and that suppliers with shorter-duration links to customers command higher expected returns. We confirm these and other novel predictions in the data.
Longitudinal changes in nailfold videocapillaroscopy findings differ by myositis-specific autoantibody in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Mugii Naoki , Hamaguchi Yasuhito , Horii Motoki , Fushida Natsumi , Ikeda Tomoyuki , Oishi Kyosuke , Yahata Tetsutarou , Someya Fujiko , Matsushita Takashi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the longitudinal changes in nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) in patients expressing myositis-specific autoantibodies [anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS), anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1), and anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)].MethodsThis study was performed retrospectively, at a single site, on an observational cohort. Seventy-one idiopathic inflammatory myopathy patients were included (25 patients expressed anti-MDA5 Abs, 24 patients expressed anti-TIF1 Abs, and 22 patients expressed anti-ARS Abs). NVC findings included giant, enlarged, and reduced capillaries, haemorrhages, capillary ramification, disorganization of the vascular array, and capillary loss. NVC findings were compared from baseline to after disease activity stabilization.ResultsThe frequency of enlarged capillaries at baseline was different among the three groups, and was significantly higher in patients with anti-TIF1 Abs compared with those with anti-ARS Abs (88% vs 55%, P &lt; 0.05). Reduced capillaries were significantly increased in patients with anti-TIF1 Abs compared with those with anti-MDA5 (96% vs 44%, P &lt; 0.0001) or anti-ARS Abs (96% vs 50%, P &lt; 0.0005). Both enlarged and reduced capillaries improved after stabilization in patients with anti-MDA5 Abs (P &lt; 0.0001 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively). These improvements were not observed in patients expressing anti-TIF1 and anti-ARS Abs. However, a significant reduction in haemorrhages was observed in all three groups (P &lt; 0.0001 for each group).ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate that longitudinal changes in NVC findings may vary depending on myositis-specific Ab expression. Therefore, it is crucial to assess individual NVC findings separately, as each finding may impact disease activity in a different manner.
The effect of time on task, sleep deprivation, and time of day on simulated driving performance
Authors: Marando Isabella , Matthews Raymond W , Grosser Linda , Yates Crystal , Banks Siobhan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sleep deprivation and time of day have been shown to play a critical role in decreasing ability to sustain attention, such as when driving long distances. However, a gap in the literature exists regarding external factors, such as workload. One way to examine workload is via modulating time on task. This study investigated the combined effect of sleep deprivation, time of day, and time on task as a workload factor on driving performance. Twenty-one participants (18–34 years, 10 females) underwent 62 h of sleep deprivation within a controlled laboratory environment. Participants received an 8-h baseline and 9.5-h recovery sleep. Every 8 h, participants completed a Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), 30-min monotonous driving task and NASA-Task Load Index (TLX). Driving variables examined were lane deviation, number of crashes, speed deviation and time outside the safe zone. Workload was measured by comparing two 15-min loops of the driving track. A mixed model ANOVA revealed significant main effects of day and time of day on all driving performance measures (p &lt; .001). There was a significant main effect of workload on lane deviation (p &lt; .05), indicating that a longer time on task resulted in greater lane deviation. A significant main effect of day (p &lt; .001) but not time of day for the NASA-TLX, PVT and KSS was found. Time on task has a significant further impact on driving performance and should be considered alongside sleep deprivation and time of day when implementing strategies for long-distance driving.