bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lived Experience of Professional Staff Response to COVID
Authors: Benner Mats , Grant Jonathan , O’Kane Mary 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter is composed of short recollections of events and responses during the pandemic, in particular how the experience of individual professional staff members coalesced with organisational dynamics, and how each of the contributors responded to and was affected by the pandemic, on a personal and a professional level. In this chapter, the experiences of staff form the centrepiece, and how this group adapted its ways of providing services and relating to students, faculty and leadership in so doing.
The Lived Experience of University Leaders During the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Benner Mats , Grant Jonathan , O’Kane Mary 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe chapter is composed of short recollections of events and responses before and during the pandemic, in particular how the experience of individuals coalesced with the organisational, and how each of the contributors responded to and was affected by the pandemic, on a personal and a professional level. In this chapter, the experiences of leaders form the centrepiece, and how this group adapted its ways of doing management and relating to students, staff, faculty and the political systems, and how they aligned societal needs with professional development.
On-board reagent storage and release by solvent-selective, rotationally opened membranes: a digital twin approach
Authors: Ducrée Jens 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDecentralized bioanalytical testing in resource-poor settings ranks among the most common applications of microfluidic systems. The high operational autonomy in such point-of-care/point-of-use scenarios requires long-term onboard storage of liquid reagents, which also need to be safely contained during transport and handling, and then reliably released just prior to their introduction to an assay protocol. Over the recent decades, centrifugal microfluidic technologies have demonstrated the capability of integrated, automated and parallelized sample preparation and detection of bioanalytical protocols. This paper presents a novel technique for onboard storage of liquid reagents which can be issued by a rotational stimulus of the system-innate spindle motor, while still aligning with the conceptual simplicity of such “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) systems. In this work, this highly configurable reagent storage technology is captured by a digital twin, which permits complex performance analysis and algorithmic design optimization according to objectives as expressed by target metrics.
Non-targeted analysis with high-resolution mass spectrometry for investigation of riverbank filtration processes
Authors: Kutlucinar Kaan Georg , Handl Sebastian , Allabashi Roza , Causon Tim , Troyer Christina , Mayr Ernest , Perfler Reinhard , Hann Stephan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A fully non-targeted analytical workflow for the investigation of a riverbank filtration site located at the river Danube has been developed and applied. Variations of compound intensities at different sampling locations of the riverbank filtration site and, for a single production well, over a monitoring period of one year have been investigated using liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight-mass spectrometry followed by evaluation via non-targeted data analysis. Internal standardization and appropriate quality control strategies have been implemented into the workflow for reduction of possible methodological biases influencing data interpretation. Emphasis was placed on the assessment of different blank elimination steps and the final blank elimination strategy is reported. The spatial study of the selected riverbank filtration site revealed a homogenous composition of the filtered water sampled at 11 different locations across the 32,000 m2 site, except for one sampling location in a zone of the aquifer, which was only weakly connected to the well field in terms of hydrogeological conditions. The examination of time-dependent changes of the composition of surface and groundwater obtained at the riverbank filtration system revealed that the non-targeted workflow is fit-for-purpose regarding the assessment the stability of filtration efficiency and compound residence time in the riverbank filtration compartment. In total, 677 compounds were selected for the investigation of the time-dependent variations of the filtration process. Analysis of the signal intensities of these compounds revealed that the riverbank filtration is significantly reducing the intensity and number of compounds present in surface water over a wide polarity range. In addition, the method enabled the determination of compound residence times in the riverbank filtration system ranging from 5 to 7 days.
Cost-effectiveness of romosozumab for the treatment of postmenopausal women at very high risk of fracture in Canada
Authors: Goeree Ron , Burke Natasha , Jobin Manon , Brown Jacques P. , Lawrence Donna , Stollenwerk Björn , Willems Damon , Johnson Ben 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSummaryThis study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of 1 year of romosozumab followed by alendronate versus oral bisphosphonates alone in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis at very high risk for fracture in Canada. Results showed that romosozumab sequenced to alendronate is a cost-effective treatment option, dominating both alendronate and risedronate alone.PurposeTo demonstrate the value of romosozumab sequenced to alendronate compared to alendronate or risedronate alone, for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with a history of osteoporotic fracture and who are at very high risk for future fracture in Canada.MethodsA Markov model followed a hypothetical cohort of postmenopausal osteoporotic women at very high risk for future fractures, to estimate the cost-effectiveness of romosozumab and alendronate compared to oral bisphosphonates alone. A total treatment period of 5 years was assumed. Quality-adjusted life years and costs were estimated for each comparator across health states defined by different types of fragility fractures.ResultsRomosozumab/alendronate was associated with a lifetime gain of 0.103 and 0.127 QALYs and a cost reduction of $343 and $3805, relative to alendronate and risedronate, respectively. These results were driven by a reduction of the number of fractures (2561 per 1000 patients, versus 2700 for alendronate and 2724 for risedronate over lifetime). Romosozumab/alendronate had the highest probability of being cost-effective, relative to alendronate and risedronate, at any willingness to pay threshold value.ConclusionRomosozumab/alendronate was associated with reduced costs and greater benefit relative to other comparators. Probabilistic, deterministic, and scenario analyses indicate that romosozumab/alendronate represents the best value for money; the uncertainty analyses are robust, and therefore romosozumab should be considered for reimbursement by public drug plans in Canada .
Traceological analysis of lithics from the Camel Site, al-Jawf, Saudi Arabia: an experimental approach to identifying mineral processing activities using silcrete tools
Authors: Hilbert Yamandú H. , Clemente-Conte Ignacio , Crassard Rémy , Charloux Guillaume , Guagnin Maria , AlSharekh Abdullah M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Camel Site is in the north of Saudi Arabia in the province of al-Jawf. It is characterised by three decaying sandstone hillocks with life-sized 3D engravings (or reliefs) of camels and equids likely carved during later prehistory. A survey in the central area of the site identified clusters of flakes and other flintknapping remains in the lower areas between the sandstone spurs and larger silcrete tools directly underneath the animal depictions. Some of these tools presented abraded edges, possibly from prolonged contact with the soft and abrasive sandstone that constitutes the rock spurs where the animals were carved. Experiments were performed to test this hypothesis and have a reference collection for further traceological analysis. The chaine opératoire of the experimental engraving tools, from raw material procurement, tool manufacture and use, reuse and discard, was conducted with locally available materials comparable to the archaeological specimens. Specific experimental variables, including how the force was applied, in what direction the movement took place and the orientation of the stone tool during the experiment, were also recorded. Macro- and microscopic analyses of the experimental collection and a sample of archaeological artefacts seem to show that the ancient tools found on the surface were probably used to make the camelid and equid reliefs at the site.
Avian Toxins and Poisoning Mechanisms
Authors: Yeung Kara A. , Chai Peter R. , Russell Brendan L. , Erickson Timothy B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAll around the world, there are species of birds that have developed the ability to acquire toxic chemicals in their bodies making them less palatable or even lethal when consumed or contacted. Exposure to poisonous bird species is rare among humans, yet their poisons can produce serious clinical outcomes. In this study, we conducted a literature search focusing on seven avian species: the pitohuis (Pitohui spp.), blue-capped ifrita (Ifrita kowaldi), European quail (Cortunix corturnix coturnix), spur or spoor-winged goose (Plectropterus gambensis), North American ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), Brush bronzewings (Phaps elegans), and European hoopoes and woodhoopoes (Upupa epops and Phoeniculus purpureus, respectively). We present the geographic distribution of each poisonous bird, toxin physiology and origin, clinical signs and symptoms of poisoning, cases of human toxicity if available and discuss the birds’ ability to prevent self-intoxication. Our results suggest that most cases of contact with toxic birds produce mild symptoms as most of these birds apart from the European quail (C. c. corturnix) and North American ruffed grouse (B. umbellus) are not commonly consumed by humans. Furthermore, we discuss several methods of toxin acquisition in these bird species, which are mostly diet acquired apart from the hoopoes and woodhoopoes (Upupa and Phoeniculus spp.) who have a symbiotic relationship with chemical-producing bacteria in their uropygial glands. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive review of the toxic physiology, clinical manifestations, and evolutionary insight to avian toxins.
Risk factors for recurrence and complications in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sahli Hannah , Azhar Najia , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Jörgren Fredrik , Schultz Johannes , Buchwald Pamela 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Antibiotics for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) have been questioned in several studies. Thus, it is of value to identify risk factors for recurrence and complications to identify the best strategy for treatment. The aim was to investigate risk factors for recurrence and complications within at least 1 year after hospitalization for AUD.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study, including patients hospitalized with AUD at Helsingborg Hospital and Skåne University Hospital in Sweden during January 1st, 2015–December 31st, 2017. The cohort was primarily collected via the in-patient registry. Patients with multiple registrations, acute complicated diverticulitis, ongoing antibiotics, other diagnoses, immunosuppression and non-CT-verified diagnosis were excluded. Follow-up was ≥1 year. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Out of 596 patients, 23% experienced recurrences and 3% experienced complications. Previous diverticulitis [OR 2.86 (CI 1.85–4.55) P < 0.001] and complications [OR 1.35 (CI 1.18–1.42) P < 0.001] were independent risk factors for recurrence. A higher Charlson morbidity index (CMI) [OR 1.27 (1.0–1.61) P = 0.04] and previous diverticulitis [OR 3.68 (1.24–10.9) P = 0.013] were associated with complications. 75% of the patients received antibiotics but this did not significantly improve outcomes.

Conclusion:
A history of previous diverticulitis or complications increases the risk for AUD recurrence. A higher CMI and a history of previous diverticulitis may be risk factors for complications but needs to be further assessed. Treatment with antibiotics does not appear to improve the outcome. Choice of treatment should therefore be individualized and based on risk factors for complications and recurrence.
“A Gallant Fight”: The UAW and the 1970 General Motors Strike
Authors: Minchin Timothy J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOn 15 September 1970, over 400,000 workers struck General Motors (GM), the biggest corporation in the world. It was a massive walkout, lasting sixty-seven days and affecting 145 GM plants in the US and Canada. GM lost more than $1 billion in profits, and the impact on the US economy was considerable. Despite the strike's size, it has been understudied. Fifty years later, this article provides a re-assessment of this landmark dispute, the first to use detailed archival records of the strike. Refuting claims that the strike lacked drama, I argue that this was a multifaceted – and compelling – story. Primary sources show that workers and union leaders were heavily invested in the battle, which reflected deep-seated local, national, and global issues. The United Automobile Workers (UAW) mobilized significant levels of national and international support, and won a range of concessions, including substantial wage and benefit increases and the ability for workers to retire after thirty years’ service. The strike was deeply infused by local issues and should not just be viewed through the lens of the national GM–UAW relationship. In a broader context, the strike is also important because it occurred at a time of rising global labour militancy, which scholars are increasingly recognizing. Its story contributes to a growing body of literature on the 1970s, a decade that witnessed important activism in many areas.
A hybrid indoor/outdoor detection approach for smartphone-based seamless positioning
Authors: Bai Yuntian Brian , Holden Lucas , Kealy Allison , Zaminpardaz Safoora , Choy Suelynn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIndoor/Outdoor (IO) detection (IOD) using Wi-Fi- and smartphone-based technologies is in high demand and interest in both the industrial and research fields. This paper proposes a novel and effective hybrid IOD (HIOD) approach for detecting a smartphone user's IO location. The HIOD approach uses signals received from both Wi-Fi and GPS as well as the latest positioning technologies such as multilateration, fingerprinting and machine learning. This paper proposes and implements two-level signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold parameters for the first time, which are specifically derived from GPS signals through 42 empirical tests at seven test sites with adequate environmental factors considered. Using the newly derived IOD threshold parameters and a set of IO detection rules, the HIOD approach is then tested at 20 test points (TPs) in a city canyon area, where most of the TPs are under semi-indoor or semi-outdoor conditions. The final test results show that a 100% IOD rate is achieved.
A New Population of Ultra‐Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Zone
Authors: Shprits Yuri Y. , Allison Hayley J. , Wang Dedong , Drozdov Alexander , Szabo‐Roberts Matyas , Zhelavskaya Irina , Vasile Ruggero 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVan Allen Probes measurements revealed the presence of the most unusual structures in the ultra‐relativistic radiation belts. Detailed modeling, analysis of pitch angle distributions, analysis of the difference between relativistic and ultra‐realistic electron evolution, along with theoretical studies of the scattering and wave growth, all indicate that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can produce a very efficient loss of the ultra‐relativistic electrons in the heart of the radiation belts. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the profiles of phase space densities provides direct evidence for localized loss by EMIC waves. The evolution of multi‐MeV fluxes shows dramatic and very sudden enhancements of electrons for selected storms. Analysis of phase space density profiles reveals that growing peaks at different values of the first invariant are formed at approximately the same radial distance from the Earth and show the sequential formation of the peaks from lower to higher energies, indicating that local energy diffusion is the dominant source of the acceleration from MeV to multi‐MeV energies. Further simultaneous analysis of the background density and ultra‐relativistic electron fluxes shows that the acceleration to multi‐MeV energies only occurs when plasma density is significantly depleted outside of the plasmasphere, which is consistent with the modeling of acceleration due to chorus waves.
Nanosecond optical switching and control system for data center networks
Authors: Xue Xuwei , Calabretta Nicola 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrical switching based data center networks have an intrinsic bandwidth bottleneck and, require inefficient and power-consuming multi-tier switching layers to cope with the rapid growing traffic in data centers. With the benefits of ultra-large bandwidth, high-efficient cost and power consumption, switching traffic in the optical domain has been investigated to replace the electrical switches inside data center networks. However, the deployment of nanosecond optical switches remains a challenge due to the lack of corresponding nanosecond switch control, the lack of optical buffers for packet contention, and the requirement of nanosecond clock and data recovery. In this work, a nanosecond optical switching and control system has been experimentally demonstrated to enable an optically switched data center network with 43.4 nanosecond switching and control capability and with packet contention resolution as well as 3.1 nanosecond clock and data recovery.
An osmium-peroxo complex for photoactive therapy of hypoxic tumors
Authors: Lu Nong , Deng Zhihong , Gao Jing , Liang Chao , Xia Haiping , Zhang Pingyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe limited therapeutic effect on hypoxic and refractory solid tumors has hindered the practical application of photodynamic therapy. Herein, we report our investigation of an osmium-peroxo complex (Os2), which is inactive in the dark, but can release a peroxo ligand O2•− upon light irradiation even in the absence of oxygen, and is transformed into a cytotoxic osmium complex (Os1). Os1 is cytotoxic in the presence or absence of irradiation in hypoxic tumors, behaving as a chemotherapeutic drug. At the same time, the light-activated Os2 induces photocatalytic oxidation of endogenous 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in living cancer cells, leading to ferroptosis, which is mediated by glutathione degradation, lipid peroxide accumulation and down-regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4. In vivo studies have confirmed that the Os2 can effectively inhibit the growth of solid hypoxic tumors in mice. A promising strategy is proposed for the treatment of hypoxic tumors with metal-based drugs.
Cul3-KLHL20 E3 ubiquitin ligase plays a key role in the arms race between HIV-1 Nef and host SERINC5 restriction
Authors: Li Sunan , Li Rongrong , Ahmad Iqbal , Liu Xiaomeng , Johnson Silas F. , Sun Liangliang , Zheng Yong-Hui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHIV-1 must counteract various host restrictions to establish productive infection. SERINC5 is a potent restriction factor that blocks HIV-1 entry from virions, but its activity is counteracted by Nef. The SERINC5 and Nef activities are both initiated from the plasma membrane, where SERINC5 is packaged into virions for viral inhibition or downregulated by Nef via lysosomal degradation. However, it is still unclear how SERINC5 is localized to and how its expression is regulated on the plasma membrane. We now report that Cullin 3-KLHL20, a trans-Golgi network (TGN)-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase, polyubiquitinates SERINC5 at lysine 130 via K33/K48-linked ubiquitination. The K33-linked polyubiquitination determines SERINC5 expression on the plasma membrane, and the K48-linked polyubiquitination contributes to SERINC5 downregulation from the cell surface. Our study reveals an important role of K130 polyubiquitination and K33/K48-linked ubiquitin chains in HIV-1 infection by regulating SERINC5 post-Golgi trafficking and degradation.
Growing urban bicycle networks
Authors: Szell Michael , Mimar Sayat , Perlman Tyler , Ghoshal Gourab , Sinatra Roberta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCycling is a promising solution to unsustainable urban transport systems. However, prevailing bicycle network development follows a slow and piecewise process, without taking into account the structural complexity of transportation networks. Here we explore systematically the topological limitations of urban bicycle network development. For 62 cities we study different variations of growing a synthetic bicycle network between an arbitrary set of points routed on the urban street network. We find initially decreasing returns on investment until a critical threshold, posing fundamental consequences to sustainable urban planning: cities must invest into bicycle networks with the right growth strategy, and persistently, to surpass a critical mass. We also find pronounced overlaps of synthetically grown networks in cities with well-developed existing bicycle networks, showing that our model reflects reality. Growing networks from scratch makes our approach a generally applicable starting point for sustainable urban bicycle network planning with minimal data requirements.