bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the global protected area network is threatened by disappearing climates and potential transboundary range shifts
Authors: Parks Sean A , Holsinger Lisa M , Littlefield Caitlin E , Dobrowski Solomon Z , Zeller Katherine A , Abatzoglou John T , Besancon Charles , Nordgren Bryce L , Lawler Joshua J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Protected areas are essential to conserving biodiversity, yet changing climatic conditions challenge their efficacy. For example, novel and disappearing climates within the protected area network indicate that extant species may not have suitable climate in protected areas in the future. Further, potential transboundary range shifts, those that involve movement from one country to another, are also challenging because physical (e.g. fencing) and non-physical barriers (e.g. contrasting conservation policies) may impede climate-induced movements. Through the lens of climate analogs, we examined disappearing and novel climates within the global terrestrial protected area network and the potential for transboundary range shifts among protected areas under global warming 2 °C above preindustrial levels. We found that globally, climates in 24% of protected lands will no longer be protected within a 500 km radius of their focal location (indicating disappearing climates within the protected area network), while 36% of protected lands will gain climates not previously protected (indicating novel climates within the protected area network). Further, we found that potential transboundary range shifts are widespread but variable; for example, 23% of protected climates in Europe and >50% of protected climates in Africa under climate change are located in a different country than the focal protected areas. As the global conservation community actively deliberates conservation frameworks (e.g. 30% by 2030), our study offers insights to reduce the prevalence of novel and disappearing climates within the global protected area network via strategic conservation actions and underscores the importance of setting and accommodating targets and strategies that transcend national boundaries.
Increases of extreme heat-humidity days endanger future populations living in China
Authors: Chen Huopo , He Wenyue , Sun Jianqi , Chen Lefeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Changes in heat stress due to climate change affect living and working conditions. A wet-bulb temperature (TW) of 35 °C is identified as the upper physiological limit for human survivability. On the basis of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 model simulations, our evaluations show that the daily maximum TW is expected to significantly intensify throughout China and is likely to exceed this critical threshold in some regions by the end of this century, especially under the high emission scenario of the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP)5-8.5. The most dangerous hazard from extreme heat-humidity events is concentrated around the most densely populated regions of eastern China as well as the Sichuan basin. Under SSP5-8.5, the significant increase of extreme heat-humidity days with a daily maximum TW exceeding 35 °C results in a large fractional population of approximately 81% being exposed to these extremes in China by the end of this century. This is true for different future warming scenarios, and a population fraction of up to 51% would also be exposed to such extremes even if early mitigation was conducted via SSP1-2.6. Our findings in this study thus have significant implications to ongoing considerations for climate-change policy in China.
Percolation on spatial anisotropic networks*
Authors: Gotesdyner Ouriel , Gross Bnaya , Vaknin Ben Porath Dana , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany realistic systems such as infrastructures are characterized by spatial structure and anisotropic alignment. Here we propose and study a model for dealing with such characteristics by introducing a parameter that controls the strength of the anisotropy in the spatial network. This parameter is added to an existing isotropic model used to describe networks under spatial constraints, thus generalizing the spatial model to take into account both spatial and anisotropic features. We study the resilience of such networks by using a percolation process and find that anisotropy has a negative impact on a network’s robustness. In addition, our results suggest that the anisotropy in this model does not affect the critical exponent of the correlation length,ν, which remains the same as the knownνin 2D isotropic lattices.
Four super integrable equations: nonlocal symmetries and applications
Authors: Zhou Hanyu , Tian Kai , Li Nianhua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
By applying Hamiltonian operators to gradients of spectral parameters, nonlocal symmetries quadratically depending on eigenfunctions of linear spectral problems are constructed for super bi-Hamiltonian equations including a super modified Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, a super K(−1, −2) equation, Kupershmidt’s super KdV equation and a super Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur system. In each example, the nonlocal symmetry is prolonged to an enlarged system, and generates a finite symmetry transformation. On this basis, a non-trivial solution, as well as a Bäcklund transformation, is established for the each super equation under consideration.
Chiral quantum network with giant atoms
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Hong-Rong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In superconducting quantum circuits (SQCs), chiral routing quantum information is often realized with the ferrite circulators, which are usually bulky, lossy and require strong magnetic fields. To overcome those problems, we propose a novel method to realize chiral quantum networks by exploiting giant atom effects in SQC platforms. By assuming each coupling point being modulated with time, the interaction becomes momentum-dependent, and giant atoms will chirally emit photons due to interference effects. The chiral factor can approach 1, and both the emission direction and rate can be freely tuned by the modulating signals. We demonstrate that a high-fidelity state transfer between remote giant atoms can be realized. Our proposal can be integrated on the superconducting chip easily, and has the potential to work as a tunable toolbox for quantum information processing in future chiral quantum networks.
Temperature and entanglement of the three-state quantum walk
Authors: Tude Luísa Toledo , de Oliveira Marcos César 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the present work, the evolution of a three state quantum walk without decoherence is investigated. Despite being a closed quantum system under unitary evolution, its Hilbert space can be divided in two subspaces, which enables the analysis of the subsystems (the coin or the walker) as an open system in contact with a reservoir. We calculate the asymptotic reduced density matrix of the coin space of the three-state quantum walk in an infinite line, and use that result to analyze the entanglement between the chirality, and position space. We calculate the von Neumann entropy and the entanglement temperature per mean energy of the system in the asymptotic limit.
Entry-Level Expectations for Pathologists’ Assistants
Authors: Kolheffer Kerwin M , Moudden Ismail E L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess expectations of performance that exist in the marketplace for entry-level pathologists’ assistants (PathAs), defined as recent graduates of a pathologists’ assistant program on their first day of employment.

Methods
A voluntary, anonymous survey was distributed to pathologist and PathA members of the American Society for Clinical Pathology by email. We assessed 98 professional activities of PathAs using a 5-point scale of expectations based on levels of trust placed in them. We also collected demographic information.

Results
A total of 728 participants responded to this survey, including 280 pathologists and 448 PathAs. We classified 98 activities according to expectations: independent performance (20/98), developing independence (48/98), and not expected of PathAs (5/98). Some activities (25/98) were indeterminate yet likely represent areas of developing independence.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates an expectation for entry-level PathAs to perform some activities included in the scope of practice independently but eventually to develop independent proficiency for most professional activities. A minority of activities were identified as responsibilities that are not expected of PathAs. Entry-level PathAs, therefore, remain “works in progress,” with an expectation for independent performance of core activities while developing abilities in many areas of professional practice.
A Correlation of the Glogau Scale With VISIA-CR Complexion Analysis Measurements in Assessing Facial Photoaging for Clinical Research
Authors: Oesch Sydney , Vingan Nicole R , Li Xingchen , Hoopman John , Akgul Yucel , Kenkel Jeffrey M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Historically, standard evaluations for photoaging have involved subjective analysis; recently, however, investigators have turned to noninvasive systems for more objective evaluation of facial aging.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to establish a clinical correlation between the Glogau Photoaging Scale and the VISIA-CR Complexion Analysis System (Canfield Imaging Systems, Fairfield, NJ), and thereby reduce intra- and interobserver variability when assessing photodamage.

Methods
In total, 117 subjects aged between 18 and 89 years were included. Two-dimensional facial photographs were analyzed by 3 independent reviewers and assigned Glogau scores. Images were also captured and analyzed with VISIA software. Data were grouped by median Glogau score and compared between groups.

Results
All groups were statistically different (P &lt; 0.05) for Spots, Wrinkles, and Remasked Wrinkles, except for Glogau 1 and 2 for Spots and Remasked Wrinkles. Scores for Wrinkles were plotted against age, and an exponential regression model was noted to be a better fit (R2 = 0.5) than a linear model (R2 = 0.47). The same was true for Spots with an exponential model (R2 = 0.36) compared with a linear model (R2 = 0.33). Scores were also evaluated based on sun exposure history, but no significant differences were observed.

Conclusions
The results illustrate that an imaging system can be used to reliably determine objective scores correlating to Glogau photoaging evaluations, and indicate that aging appears to be an exponential process. Collectively, these findings will assist future investigations of facial aging and the therapeutic options available for facial skin rejuvenation, and enable objective assessment of treatment outcomes.
Integrating multi-omics data to identify dysregulated modules in endometrial cancer
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Liang Biting , Wu Yingfu , Liu Quanzhong , Zhang Hongming , Wu Hao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancer is generally caused by genetic mutations, and differentially expressed genes are closely associated with genetic mutations. Therefore, mutated genes and differentially expressed genes can be used to study the dysregulated modules in cancer. However, it has become a big challenge in cancer research how to accurately and effectively detect dysregulated modules that promote cancer in massive data. In this study, we propose a network-based method for identifying dysregulated modules (Netkmeans). Firstly, the study constructs an undirected-weighted gene network based on the characteristics of high mutual exclusivity, high coverage and complex network topology among genes widely existed in the genome. Secondly, the study constructs a comprehensive evaluation function to select the number of clusters scientifically and effectively. Finally, the K-means clustering method is applied to detect the dysregulated modules. Compared with the results detected by IBA and CCEN methods, the results of Netkmeans proposed in this study have higher statistical significance and biological relevance. Besides, compared with the dysregulated modules detected by MCODE, CFinder and ClusterONE, the results of Netkmeans have higher accuracy, precision and F-measure. The experimental results show that the multiple dysregulated modules detected by Netkmeans are essential in the generation, development and progression of cancer, and thus they play a vital role in the precise diagnosis, treatment and development of new medications for cancer patients.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict kidney survival at baseline in patients with C3 glomerulopathy
Authors: Caravaca-Fontán Fernando , Rivero Marta , Cavero Teresa , Díaz-Encarnación Montserrat , Cabello Virginia , Ariceta Gema , Quintana Luis F , Marco Helena , Barros Xoana , Ramos Natalia , Rodríguez-Mendiola Nuria , Cruz Sonia , Fernández-Juárez Gema , Rodríguez Adela , Pérez de José Ana , Rabasco Cristina , Rodado Raquel , Fernández Loreto , Pérez-Gómez Vanessa , Ávila Ana , Bravo Luis , Espinosa Natalia , Allende Natalia , Sanchez de la Nieta Maria Dolores , Rodríguez Eva , Olea Teresa , Melgosa Marta , Huerta Ana , Miquel Rosa , Mon Carmen , Fraga Gloria , de Lorenzo Alberto , Draibe Juliana , González Fayna , Shabaka Amir , López-Rubio Maria Esperanza , Fenollosa María Ángeles , Martín-Penagos Luis , Da Silva Iara , Alonso Titos Juana , Rodríguez de Córdoba Santiago , Goicoechea de Jorge Elena , Praga Manuel 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
C3 glomerulopathy is a rare and heterogeneous complement-driven disease. It is often challenging to accurately predict in clinical practice the individual kidney prognosis at baseline. We herein sought to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to predict long-term kidney survival.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, multicenter observational cohort study in 35 nephrology departments belonging to the Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases. The dataset was randomly divided into a training group (n = 87) and a validation group (n = 28). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen the main predictors of kidney outcome and to build the nomogram. The accuracy of the nomogram was assessed by discrimination and risk calibration in the training and validation sets.

Results
The study group comprised 115 patients, of whom 46 (40%) reached kidney failure in a median follow-up of 49 months (range 24–112). No significant differences were observed in baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria or total chronicity score of kidney biopsies, between patients in the training versus those in the validation set. The selected variables by LASSO were eGFR, proteinuria and total chronicity score. Based on a Cox model, a nomogram was developed for the prediction of kidney survival at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years from diagnosis. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.860 (95% confidence interval 0.834–0.887) and calibration plots showed optimal agreement between predicted and observed outcomes.

Conclusions
We constructed and validated a practical nomogram with good discrimination and calibration to predict the risk of kidney failure in C3 glomerulopathy patients at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years.
An Unobtrusive Approach to Emotion Detection in E-Learning Systems
Authors: Rasheed Fareeha , Wahid Abdul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Researchers have proved that emotions play vital role in a human’s life. They affect our way of living, making decisions and also our way of learning. There are many methods for emotion detection in e-learning. However, each of them comes with its own set of disadvantages discussed in the literature review. In this paper, the attributes that have been identified are purely unobtrusive in nature; attributes that do not interfere with the learner’s activity and less is known to them that their emotions are being monitored. A methodology is presented to detect the emotions of the learner using keystrokes, mouse clicks, forum discussions and the results of assessments. Machine learning models have been trained and tested to predict the learner’s emotions. The logistic regression performed fairly well in comparison to the other algorithms with an accuracy of about 85% and cross-validation score of 86%. During this study, interesting patterns are observed in learner’s emotions that are discussed. Future directions include collecting diverse data to understand emotions of learners from various age groups and observing patterns in their emotional changes.
32: ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY CAN IMPROVE PATIENTS’ OUTCOMES AND REDUCE HOSPITAL COST OF GASTRECTOMY FOR CANCER IN THE WEST. A PROPENSITY SCORE-BASED ANALYSIS
Authors: Weindelmayer J , Mengardo V , Gasparini A , Sacco M , Torroni L , Carlini M , Verlato G , De Manzoni G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Data on ERAS for gastrectomy are scarce and the majority of the studies come from Eastern countries. Patients in the West are older and suffer from more advanced tumors that impair their clinical conditions and often require neoadjuvant treatment. This retrospective study assessed the feasibility and safety of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol for gastrectomy in a Western center.

Methods
We conducted a single-center study of 351 patients operated for gastric cancer: 103, operated from January 2015 to December 2016, followed the standard pathway, while 248, operated from January 2017 to December 2019, followed the ERAS program. The primary outcomes considered were length of hospital stay (LOS) and direct costs. Secondary outcomes were 90-day morbidity and mortality, readmission rate and compliance with ERAS items. A propensity score (PS) was built on confounding variables.

Results
Compliance with ERAS items after the program was ≥70%. Univariable analysis evidenced a 2-day median reduction in LOS and a median cost reduction of €826 per patient in ERAS group. PS-based multivariable analysis confirmed a significant 2-day decrease in median LOS and a €1097 saving after ERAS introduction. Ninety-day mortality decreased slightly in ERAS group, while complications and readmissions did not significantly change. When complications were included in the multivariable analysis, ERAS retained its significance, although the effects on LOS and cost were blunted: median reduction was one day and €775, respectively.

Conclusion
ERAS for gastrectomy improved patients’ recovery and reduced hospital costs without changes in morbidity, mortality or readmission.
33: A SNAPSHOT OF THE CURRENT PRACTICE ON THE USE OF PROPHYLACTIC DRAIN AFTER GASTRECTOMY IN ITALY: THE ABDOMINAL DRAIN IN GASTRECTOMY (ADIGE) SURVEY
Authors: Mengardo V , Weindelmayer J , Torroni L , Veltri A , De Manzoni G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Evidence against the use of prophylactic drain after gastrectomy are increasing. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this practice is still widespread. We conducted a survey among Italian surgeons through the Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group and the Polispecialistic Society of Young Surgeons, aiming to understand the current use of prophylactic drain.

Methods
A 23-item questionnaire-based survey was developed to analyze the current practice and the individual opinion about the use of prophylactic drain after gastrectomy. Groups based on age, experience and unit volume were separately analyzed.

Results
Response of 104 surgeons from 73 surgical units were collected. A standardized ERAS protocol for gastrectomy was applied by 42% of the interviewed surgeons. The large majority of the surgeons, regardless of age, experience or unit volume, declared to routinely place one or more drain after gastrectomy. Only 2 (1.9%) and 7 surgeons (6.7%) belonging to high volume units, do not routinely place drains after total and subtotal gastrectomy, respectively. More than 60% of the interviewed remove the drain on postoperative day 4–6 after performing an assessment of the anastomosis integrity. Interestingly, less than half of the surgeons believe that drain is the main tool for leak management, and this percentage further drops among younger surgeons. On the other hand, drain’s role seems to be more defined for duodenal stump leak treatment, with almost 50% of the surgeons recognizing its importance.

Conclusion
Routine use of prophylactic drain after gastrectomy is still a widespread practice even if younger surgeons are more persuaded that it could not be advantageous.
New and stronger evidence are needed to define the role of prophylactic drain after gastrectomy.
35: DOES CARDIOPULMONARY TESTING HELP PREDICT LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AFTER OESOPHAGECTOMY?
Authors: Chmelo J , Khaw R , Sinclair R C , Navidi M , Phillips A W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
Oesophagectomy is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Preoperative cardiopulmonary fitness has been correlated with outcomes within major surgery. Variables derived from CPET have been associated with postoperative outcomes. It is unclear whether preoperative cardiorespiratory fitness of patients undergoing oesophagectomy is associated with long-term survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether any of the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables that are routinely derived in patients with oesophageal cancer may aid in predicting long-term survival after oesophagectomy.

Methods
Patients undergoing CPET followed by trans-thoracic oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer with curative intent between January 2013 and January 2017 from single high-volume centre were retrospectively analysed. The relationship between predictive co-variables including CPET variables, and survival was studied with a Cox proportional hazard model. Receiver operation curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to find cut-off values for CPET variables predictive of 3-year survival.

Results
A total of 313 patients were analyzed. The ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) at anaerobic threshold was the only CPET variable independently predictive of long-term survival in multivariable analysis (HR 1.049, 95% CI 1.011–1.088, P = 0.011). Pathological stage III and IV disease was the other co-variable found to be independently predictive of survival. ROC analysis of the VE/VCO2 failed to demonstrate a predictive cut-off value of 3-year survival (AUC = 0.564, 95% CI 0.499–0.629, P = 0.056).

Conclusion
A high VE/VCO2 before oesophagectomy for malignant disease is an independent predictor of long-term survival and may be an important variable for consideration when counselling patients.