bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glass-Ceramics from Trachyte Rock- Limestone or Magnesite
Authors: Abd El-Shakour Zeinab A. , Abd El Ghaffar Nahla I. , El-Bassyouni Gehan T. , Hamzawy Esmat M. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInexpensive sintered glass-ceramic glaze was prepared from a mixture of Egyptian trachyte with either limestone or magnesite. A represented trachyte rock was pulverized to powder (<0.083 mm) and also both limestone and magnesite. The well mixed batches were melted near 1450 °C/3 h temperature then the glass melt was quenched in water, dried, pulverized to powder and finally shaped in moulds. The sintering process of the pre-shaped glasses, within 1000-1100 °C range, gave augite and olivine in case of trachyte-magnesite whereas wollastonite and Ca-olivine in case of trachyte-limestone. However, cristobalite was developed in both cases. The microstructures in both cases showed glassy matrix scattered with submicron and nano-size crystals either in irregular shape in case of trachyte-limestone or clear crystals in case of trachyte-magnesite. The densities of the sintered samples were in the range of 2.36 and 2.57 g/cm3 in case of the trachyte-limestone and 2.36 and 2.64 g/cm3 in case of the trachyte-magnesite. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the hardness of the sintered glass-ceramic were in the range of 6.2-8.5 × 10−6 °C−1 and 440-563 GPa respectively. However, the CTE values decreased in case of trachyte-limestone whereas the hardness values were high in case of trachyte-magnesite. The present glass-ceramic samples had porcelain nature and could be used in cladding of wall and floor.
Evaluating molecular diagnostic techniques for seed detection of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola, causal agent of halo blight disease in mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Noble Thomas J. , Williams Brett , Douglas Colin A. , Giblot-Ducray Daniele , Mundree Sagadevan , Young Anthony J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHalo blight of mungbean (Vigna radiata var. radiata) is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola. This pathogen is transmitted via infected seed, facilitating the spread of the disease into new cultivated areas. Prospective mungbean seed crops are currently subjected to visual inspection as a means of determining disease status, however, this is a poor method that relies on visible symptoms and does not account for latent infections. A range of molecular diagnostics targeting P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola have been developed, but these have not been deployed on seeds. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) SYBR assay, hydrolysis probe, and conventional PCR, using the same primers were optimised against a plate-truthed dilution series of P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola. The detection limit of the conventional PCR assay was approximately 9,000 CFU µl-1, while both qPCR assays could detect 9 CFU µl-1. These tests were then used to screen DNA extracted from 200 g allotments of 38 seed lots comprising six mungbean cultivars representing the primary Australian production area, and two seed lots of known infection status. Of these, the pathogen was detected in six seed lots by conventional PCR. The SYBR assay and hydrolysis probe methods detected 20 and 24 infected seed lots respectively. This shows that the hydrolysis probe method was the most effective at diagnosing the presence of P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola in mungbean seed, providing a valuable molecular diagnostic to aid in integrated disease management and seed certification, substantially mitigating losses to halo blight disease.
A new design for market power monitoring in the electricity market. A simulation for Italy
Authors: Bigerna Simona , Bollino Carlo Andrea , D’Errico Maria Chiara , Polinori Paolo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe liberalization of electricity markets has been dominated by conditions of oligopoly and market power, as shown in numerous studies in empirical literature on the supply side. However, regulators have used statistical measurements to monitor the extent of market power, making little reference to founded theoretical approaches. This paper provides a new contribution to the literature on the electricity market by presenting a theoretical and empirical model to construct competitive equilibrium, and estimating market power on both the supply and demand side of the day-ahead electricity market. We implement an accurate measurement of the welfare loss associated with non-competitive market conditions, based on ex-ante demand and supply behavior.This model provides a useful analytical tool for regulators and policy-makers in order to implement pro-competitive regulation. We perform an empirical simulation to show the effects of non-competitive equilibria on the Italian hourly markets over the period 2013–2014. In an ideal competitive market, prices would be lower than historical prices by about 2–5% and quantities would be higher by about 0.5–1%.
Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Findings in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic in Finland
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Social restrictions effectively interrupted the typical respiratory virus circulation. The aim of this report is to describe how atypical pneumonia bacteria detections have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finnish children. Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae findings were gathered from the National Infectious Diseases Register from 2015 to 2021 and stratified into three age groups (0–4, 5–9, and 10–14 years). Incidences per 100,000 children were calculated and 2020 and 2021 was compared to the mean incidence of reference years (2015–2019) by incidence rate ratios. B. pertussis incidence was 32% lower in 2020 and 88% lower in 2021 compared to reference years. C. pneumoniae detections decreased rapidly in 2020 and not a single detection of C. pneumoniae was reported to the register in 2021. M. pneumoniae incidence was 72% lower in 2020 and 89% lower in 2021 than in the reference years. All these findings were seen in all age groups. As the incidences of B. pertussis, C. pneumoniae, and M. pneumoniae detections have been low throughout the pandemic, it seems that the social restrictions have been effective in preventing the spreading of these respiratory bacteria in children.
The production of actinides in neutron star mergers
Authors: Wu Meng-Ru , Banerjee Projjwal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough the multimessenger detection of the neutron star merger event GW170817 confirmed that mergers are promising sites producing the majority of nature’s heavy elements via the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process), a number of issues related to the production of translead nuclei—the actinides—remain to be answered. In this short review paper, we summarize the general requirements for actinide production in r-process and the impact of nuclear physics inputs. We also discuss recent efforts addressing the actinide production in neutron star mergers from different perspectives, including signatures that may be probed by future kilonova and γ-ray observations, the abundance scattering in metal-poor stars, and constraints put by the presence of short-lived radioactive actinides in the Solar system.
Case–case–control study of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections among hospitalized patients
Authors: Stuever David M. , Ferketich Amy K. , Lee Jiyoung , Stevenson Kurt B. , Wittum Thomas E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To identify important risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections among hospitalized patients.

Design:
We utilized a case–case–control design that compared patients with CRE infections to patients with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE) infections and randomly selected controls during the period from January 2011 through December 2016.

Setting:
The study population was selected from patients at a large metropolitan tertiary-care and instructional medical center.

Patients:
Cases of CRE were defined as initial admission of adults diagnosed with a bacterial infection of an Enterobacterales species resistant clinically or through sensitivity testing to carbapenems 48 hours or more after admission. Cases of CSE were selected from the same patient population as the CRE cases within a 30-day window for admission, with diagnostic pathogens identified as susceptible to carbapenems. Controls were defined as adult patients admitted to any service within a 30-day window from a CRE case for >48 hours who did not meet either of the above case definitions during that admission.

Results:
Antibiotic exposure within 90 days prior to admission and length of hospital stay were both associated with increased odds of CRE and CSE infections compared to controls. Patients with CRE infections had >18 times greater odds of prior antibiotic exposure compared to patients with CSE infections.

Conclusions:
Antibiotic exposure and increased length of hospital stay may result in increased patient risk of developing an infection resistant to carbapenems and other β-lactams.
Human–machine collaboration using artificial intelligence to enhance the safety of donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE)
Authors: Segal Reny , Bradley William Pierre , Williams Daryl Lindsay , Lee Keat , Krieser Roni Benjamin , Mezzavia Paul Mario , Correa de Araujo Nunes Rommie , Ng Irene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectives:To compare the accuracy of monitoring personal protective equipment (PPE) donning and doffing process between an artificial intelligent (AI) machine collaborated with remote human buddy support system and an onsite buddy, and to determine the degree of AI autonomy at the current development stage.Design and setting:We conducted a pilot simulation study with 30 procedural scenarios (15 donning and 15 doffing, performed by one individual) incorporating random errors in 55 steps. In total, 195 steps were assessed.Methods:The human–AI machine system and the onsite buddy assessed the procedures independently. The human–AI machine system performed the assessment via a tablet device, which was positioned to allow full-body visualization of the donning and doffing person.Results:The overall accuracy of PPE monitoring using the human–AI machine system was 100% and the overall accuracy of the onsite buddy was 99%. There was a very good agreement between the 2 methods (κ coefficient, 0.97). The current version of the AI technology was able to perform autonomously, without the remote human buddy’s rectification in 173 (89%) of 195 steps. It identified 67.3% of all the errors independently.Conclusions:This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that a human–AI machine system may be able to serve as a substitute or enhancement to an onsite buddy performing the PPE monitoring task. It provides practical assistance using a combination of a computer mirror, visual prompts, and verbal commands. However, further studies are required to examine its clinical efficacy with a diverse range of individuals performing the donning and doffing procedures.
The Philosophical Retreat to the Here and Now: Notes on Living in Time
Authors: Moran Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ordinary human concerns with the past and the future can be seen both as forms of suffering (anxiety toward the future, regret toward the past, etc.) and as illusory because they involve the failure to appreciate the primary reality of the present. In this lecture I argue that while there are certainly ways of being occupied with past or future times that we have reason to criticize, such criticism cannot base itself on any metaphysical claim to the singular or exclusive reality of the present. The task of developing useful forms of describing and assessing the different ways we can go wrong in temporalizing our lives is hindered rather than helped by the suggestion that our concerns with the past and with the future are as such forms of attachment to the Unreal.
Twenty-year associations between disordered eating behaviors and sociodemographic features in a multiple cross-sectional sample
Authors: Santana Danilo Dias , Mitchison Deborah , Mannan Haider , Griffiths Scott , Appolinario Jose Carlos , da Veiga Gloria Valeria , Touyz Stephen , Hay Phillipa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisordered eating behaviors (DEB) impact on health and wellbeing worldwide. This study aimed to examine sociodemographic trends in the prevalence of DEB over 20 years in the Australian general population.MethodsData were derived from five sequential cross-sectional surveys (1998, 2008, 2009, 2016 and 2017) with population-representative samples of adults and adolescents residing in South Australia (N= 15 075). DEBs investigated were objective binge eating (OBE), strict dieting/fasting, and purging. Sociodemographic data included gender, age, educational level, work and marital status, and residence.ResultsOBE prevalence increased significantly. Strict dieting/fasting also increased from 1998 to 2008/9 but remained stable between 2008/9 and 2016/7. Purging prevalence did not change significantly over time. All survey years were associated with a significantly higher odds of OBE, and strict diet/fasting compared to 1998. Lower age, a higher Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) score, higher body mass index (BMI), higher educational attainment, and not being in a married orde factorelationship were independently associated with greater adjusted odds for endorsing OBE. Younger age, female gender, and higher BMI were also independently associated with greater adjusted odds for endorsing strict dieting/fasting.ConclusionsThe increased prevalence of DEBs in various strata of Australian society has both public health and clinical implications. The results refute the stereotype that eating disorders (EDs) predominantly affect young women. They build impetus for future research on EDs among men and older individuals, with a view to developing tailored public health and clinical interventions for these populations.
Real-time monitoring of increases in restlessness to assess idiographic risk of recurrence of depressive symptoms
Authors: Smit Arnout C. , Snippe Evelien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis confirmatory study aimed to examine whether we can foresee recurrence of depressive symptoms using personalized modeling of rises in restlessness.MethodsParticipants were formerly depressed patients (N = 41) in remission who (gradually) discontinued antidepressants. Participants completed five smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) a day, for a period of 4 months, yielding a total of 21 180 observations. Statistical Process Control by means of Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control charts was used to detect rises in the EMA item ‘I feel restless’, for each individual separately.ResultsAn increase in restlessness was detected in 68.3% of the participants with recurring depressive symptoms, and in 26.3% of those who stayed in remission (Fisher's exact test p = 0.01, sensitivity was 68.3%, specificity was 73.7%). In the participants with a recurrence and an increase in restlessness, this increase could be detected in the prodromal phase of depression in 93.3% of the cases and at least a month before the onset of the core symptoms of depression in 66.7% of the cases.ConclusionsRestlessness is a common prodromal symptom of depression. The sensitivity and specificity of the EWMA charts was at least as good as prognostic models based on cross-sectional patient characteristics. An advantage of the current idiographic method is that the EWMA charts provide real-time personalized insight in a within-person increase in early signs of depression, which is key to alert the right patient at the right time.
Where to put them? Burial location in middle Hellenistic to late Roman Sagalassos, southwest Anatolia
Authors: Cleymans Sam , Beaujean Bas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn classical archaeology the spatial aspects of deathscapes and associated funerary phenomena are often taken at face value. Beginning from a relational understanding of space, this article examines the necropoleis of middle Hellenistic to late Roman Sagalassos (second century BC to fifth century AD) within the wider context of the city. To facilitate this methodologically, four spatial aspects are investigated for the Hellenistic, Roman Imperial and late Roman periods: the relations between the spaces of the living and dead, landscaping practices, visibility and accessibility. These four aspects offer insight into the funerary and non-funerary relations from which the necropoleis emerged, developed, expanded and eventually disappeared. A whole range of funerary phenomena are included, ranging from cinerary urns, rectangular and vase-shaped ostothekai, aediculae, naiskoi, arcosolia and sarcophagi to larger sepulchral structures like temple tombs. In addition to being compared with urban developments, the observed patterns are further evaluated within the larger framework of Asia Minor. Ultimately, the enunciated archaeological patterns facilitate multicausal answers to where the Sagalassians placed their dead, if and how this changed and became more varied, and why these developments occurred in particular (re)configurations of time-space.
From commons to resilience grabbing: Insights from historically-oriented social anthropological research on African peasants
Authors: Haller Tobias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to show the relevance that institutions governing common-pool resources (CPRs) play in peasant resilience. It outlines nine variables for resilience taken from socio-economic and ecological anthropological theories focusing on subsistence and minimax strategies and used for the comparative historical analysis of African case studies. These include drylands (Morocco, Ghana), semi-arid areas (Sierra Leone, Malawi, Tanzania) and wetlands (Cameroon, Kenya, Zambia). The variables could be found under pre-colonial common property but were no longer operating during colonial and postcolonial institutional change from common to state property and privatisation via land grabbing, leading to commons and resilience grabbing.
Acute interstitial pneumonia and the biology of 3-methylindole in feedlot cattle
Authors: Haydock Luke A. J. , Fenton R. Kent , Sergejewich Lauren , Squires E. James , Caswell Jeff L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAcute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) of cattle has been recognized for many decades. While the pathogenesis and risk factors for this condition in pastured cattle are relatively well characterized, there remains a poor understanding of the disease as it occurs in intensively fed cattle such as in beef feedlots. Specifically, in pastured cattle, AIP results from excessive ruminal production of the pneumotoxicant 3-methylindole (3-MI). In feedlot cattle, the evidence to substantiate the role of 3-MI is comparatively deficient and further investigations into the cause, pathogenesis, and control are sorely needed. This review highlights our current understanding of AIP with a focus on the disease as it occurs in feedlot cattle. Additionally, it illustrates the need for further work in understanding the specific animal factors (e.g. the ruminal microbiome, and the role of concurrent diseases), management factors (e.g. animal stocking and vaccination protocols), and dietary factors (e.g. dietary supplements) that may impact the development of AIP and which are relatively unique to the feedlot setting. All stakeholders in the beef industry stand to benefit from a greater understanding of what remains a pressing yet poorly understood issue in beef production.
Building Information Modeling Using Constraint Logic Programming
Authors: ARIAS JOAQUÍN , TÖRMÄ SEPPO , CARRO MANUEL , GUPTA GOPAL 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) produces three-dimensional object-oriented models of buildings combining the geometrical information with a wide range of properties about materials, products, safety, to name just a few. BIM is slowly but inevitably revolutionizing the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. Buildings need to be compliant with regulations about stability, safety, and environmental impact. Manual compliance checking is tedious and error-prone, and amending flaws discovered only at construction time causes huge additional costs and delays. Several tools can check BIM models for conformance with rules/guidelines. For example, Singapore’s CORENET e-Submission System checks fire safety. But since the current BIM exchange format only contains basic information about building objects, a separate, ad-hoc model pre-processing is required to determine, for example, evacuation routes. Moreover, they face difficulties in adapting existing built-in rules and/or adding new ones (to cater for building regulations, that can vary not only among countries but also among parts of the same city), if at all possible. We propose the use of logic-based executable formalisms (CLP and Constraint ASP) to couple BIM models with advanced knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities. Previous experience shows that such formalisms can be used to uniformly capture and reason with knowledge (including ambiguity) in a large variety of domains. Additionally, incorporating checking within design tools makes it possible to ensure that models are rule-compliant at every step. This also prevents erroneous designs from having to be (partially) redone, which is also costly and burdensome. To validate our proposal, we implemented a preliminary reasoner under CLP(Q/R) and ASP with constraints and evaluated it with several BIM models.
Mit Kind zur Konferenz? Ein Positionspapier zur Erweiterung Familienfreundlicher Maßnahmen auf Fachgruppentagungen
Authors: Pohl Anna , Werthmann Jessica , Cwik Jan C. , Richter Jan , Dawans Bernadette von , Pané-Farré Christiane A. , Renner Fritz , Hunger-Schoppe Christina 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die Vereinbarkeit von Wissenschaft und Familie ist für Eltern im Allgemeinen und Frauen im Besonderen eine große Herausforderung. Tagungsteilnahmen sind wichtige Karrierebausteine und eine organisatorische Herausforderung für Eltern. In diesem Positionspapier wird ein Stimmungsbild zu familienfreundlicheren Kongressgestaltung in der Fachgruppe (FG) Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs) erfragt. 147 FG-Mitglieder (Rücklaufquote: 18.36 %) beantworteten Fragen zur Demographie, sowie Einstellungen gegenüber der FG-Tagung, Betreuungsmöglichkeiten und familienfreundlichen Maßnahmen. Von den Teilnehmenden waren 66 % Eltern, 45 % sagten wegen familiärer Verpflichtungen die FG-Tagung ab. Zusätzliche Kosten durch familiäre Verpflichtungen wurden als hoch eingeschätzt und familienfreundlichere Maßnahmen von vielen Teilnehmenden gewünscht. Familienfreundliche Konferenzen können ein klares Signal der Inklusion und Solidarität setzen und für die Aufrechterhaltung und Nachhaltigkeit wissenschaftlicher Kompetenz sorgen. Konkrete Empfehlungen für eine familienfreundliche Konferenzgestaltung werden als Checkliste im elektronischen Anhang zur Verfügung gestellt.