bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error profile for discontinuous Galerkin time stepping of parabolic PDEs
Authors: McLean William , Mustapha Kassem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider the time discretization of a linear parabolic problem by the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method using piecewise polynomials of degree at most r − 1 in t, for r ≥ 1 and with maximum step size k. It is well known that the spatial L2-norm of the DG error is of optimal order kr globally in time, and is, for r ≥ 2, superconvergent of order k2r− 1 at the nodes. We show that on the n th subinterval (tn− 1,tn), the dominant term in the DG error is proportional to the local right Radau polynomial of degree r. This error profile implies that the DG error is of order kr+ 1 at the right-hand Gauss–Radau quadrature points in each interval. We show that the norm of the jump in the DG solution at the left end point tn− 1 provides an accurate a posteriori estimate for the maximum error over the subinterval (tn− 1,tn). Furthermore, a simple post-processing step yields a continuous piecewise polynomial of degree r with the optimal global convergence rate of order kr+ 1. We illustrate these results with some numerical experiments.
iDVS: interactive 2D and 3D visualizations of proximal sensor data for rapid characterization of soil profiles
Authors: Pham Vung , Jordan Cynthia M. , Siebecker Matthew G. , Weindorf David C. , Dang Tommy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKnowledge of the soil’s physical and chemical properties in field-scale geographical areas is crucial for farmers and policymakers for agronomic productivity and environmental quality assessment. Proximal sensors can successfully model soil properties for these purposes and offer a way to rapidly acquire data from soil profiles. However, existing data analysis approaches are ill-suited to explore this type of multivariate proximal sensor data over large land areas and in a sizeable three-dimensional volume. Therefore, this work proposes a multifaceted approach with seamless integration of a star pattern for soil sample collection, data acquisition using proximal sensor devices, and an interactive data visualization solution for processing, analyzing, and reporting analysis results. This solution is the result of an interdis- ciplinary project in which data visualizers worked closely with soil scientists and agronomists to develop a tool called iDVS for rapid characterizations of soil profiles over larger geographical areas using proximal sensor technologies.
Ante rem structuralism and the semantics of instantial terms
Authors: Gutiérrez Sofía Meléndez 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnte remstructures were posited as the subject matter of mathematics in order to resolve a problem of referential indeterminacy within mathematical discourse. Nevertheless,ante remstructuralists are inevitably committed to the existence of indiscernible entities, and this commitment produces an exactly analogous problem. If it cannot be sorted out, then the postulation ofante remstructures is futile. In a recent paper, Stewart Shapiro argued that the problem may be solved by analysing some of the singular terms of mathematics not as genuinely referring expressions, but as instantial terms. In this paper, I discuss several competing accounts of the semantics of terms of this kind, and argue that they are all untenable for theante remstructuralist. Shapiro, then, still owes us an account of the semantics of instantial terms that suits theante remstructuralist project. Without it, theante remstructuralist is still unable to determine the reference of the singular terms of mathematics.
Cellulitebehandlung mithilfe von Stammzellen und Stoßwellen
Authors: Knobloch Karsten 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie (ESWT) bedient sich akustischer Wellen, um biologische Wirkungen im Zielgewebe zu erreichen. Seit ihrer ersten klinischen Anwendung im Jahr 1980 ist eine Reihe an biologischen Antworten der ESWT mechanistisch aufgeklärt worden, so u. a. eine Stammzellaktivierung, antifibrotische Effekte, Effekte auf den verbesserten Lymphabfluss und weitere mehr. Zur Cellulite liegen mithin 12 klinische kontrollierte Studien vor, die positive Effekte der ESWT mit radialen wie auch fokussierten ESWT-Technologien bestätigen. Auch die Stimulation von autologem Fettgewebe mit „adipose-derived stem cells“ durch die ESWT ist mit einigen experimentellen Studien belegt. Insofern erscheint die ESWT als nebenwirkungsfreie Therapieform in der Hand des sachkundigen ESWT-Anwenders eine hochattraktive Therapieform zu sein, die auch in der Kombination mit anderen Therapieverfahren sinnvoll ist.
Entwicklung konkreter Handlungsoptionen für die sichere Öffnung und den Betrieb von Freizeitdestinationen unter Pandemiebedingungen
Authors: Fichtner Urs A. , Piotrowsky-Fichtner Manuela , Fichtner Myriel , Goßmann Ann-Kathrin , Weis Frederik , Weiß Maximilian , Steinmann Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie führte weltweit zur Schließung von Freizeit- und Erholungseinrichtungen. Im Rahmen einer vom baden-württembergischen Ministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit und Integration geförderten Modellstudie konnte am Beispiel der Öffnung und des Betriebs eines Freizeitparks unter wissenschaftlicher Begleitung gezeigt werden, wie ein Hygiene- und Sicherheitskonzept in die Praxis erfolgreich umsetzbar ist.

Ziel
Neben der Überprüfung eines möglichen Infektionsgeschehens durch den Besuch des Freizeitparks, zielte das Projekt darauf ab, Handlungsoptionen für die sichere Öffnung und den Betrieb von Freizeiteinrichtungen unter Pandemiebedingungen, die auf andere Destinationen übertragbar sind, zu erarbeiten.

Material und Methoden
Für dieses Projekt wurden verschiedene Datenquellen genutzt: Expertenrunden multidisziplinärer Teams (Betriebswirtschaft, Versorgungsforschung, Soziologie und Medizin), Aerosolmessdaten, Beobachtungsprotokolle, amtliche Infektionszahlen und Daten aus Besucherbefragungen.

Ergebnisse
Die in diesem Projekt entstandenen Handlungsoptionen liefern eine Orientierungshilfe für Betreiber von Freizeiteinrichtungen zur Umsetzung von Maßnahmen, durch welche die Sicherheit des Personals und der Gäste erhöht werden und so den Betrieb der Anlagen unter Pandemiebedingungen ermöglichen.

Diskussion
Diese Studie stellt einen Präzedenzfall am Beispiel eines Freizeitparks in Baden-Württemberg dar, der anderen Einrichtungen als Wegweiser dient. Freizeit- und Tourismusbetriebe sind allerdings einzigartig und Maßnahmen entsprechend schwer direkt übertragbar. Die Handlungsoptionen sollen weiterhin politische Entscheidungsträger in zukünftigen Pandemiesituationen hinsichtlich Maßnahmen zur Schließung, Öffnung und Betrieb solcher Anlagen unterstützen.
Scientific Posters: 1 Torsional Strength of the Radius Following Osteofasciocutaneous Free Flap Harvest with and Without Primary Bone Plating
Authors: Edmonds Joseph L. , Toby E. Bruce , Bowers Kevin W. , Girod Douglas A. 
Published: October 2022

The scientific posters provide an opportunity for visual presentation of charts, drawings, and photographs, supplemented with one or two pages of text. Authors will post the times they will be available for questions. The posters will be open from 7:00 AM to 8:00 PM.
Language Matters: The Study of Canadian Politics through an Exploration of Syllabi and Comprehensive Exams
Authors: Daoust Jean-François , Gagnon Alain-G. , Galipeau Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe representation of Canada's two main linguistic groups in the teaching of Canadian politics is crucial, but we know little about it. In this article, we analyze the systemic underrepresentation of francophone authors in Canadian political science by examining the research that students are exposed to. Based on data from 351 syllabi across 42 Canadian universities, as well as data from the reading list of the doctoral qualifying field exams in Canadian politics, our findings show that francophone authors are systemically underrepresented (when not totally absent). About 38 per cent of Canadian politics courses include no francophone authors in their reading lists. Our findings suggest that Canadian politics is not an inclusive and comprehensive field. This result entails important implications not only for current professors and students but also for the profession more generally, given that the students who will make up tomorrow's faculties in Canadian universities are shaped by these biases.
Cassava root yield variability in shifting cultivation systems in the eastern Amazon region of Brazil
Authors: Abrell Thomas , Naudin Krishna , Bianchi Felix J.J.A. , Aragao Debora Veiga , Tittonell Pablo , Corbeels Marc 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Cassava flour is the main source of carbohydrates for family farmers in the Amazon region of Brazil. Cassava is mainly grown under shifting cultivation, in recurrent cultivation periods initiated through slash-and-burn. Its sustainability is, however, questioned due to the associated deforestation and often rapidly decreasing crop productivity. There is an urgent need to make these cassava systems more sustainable and more profitable, but we currently lack a deep understanding of the key factors governing their productivity. We conducted an on-farm study on 37 cassava fields of smallholder farmers at three locations that spanned a range of crop-fallow frequencies, some of which were initiated through slash-and-burn while others through fire-free land clearance. First, we analysed how cassava plant density at harvest was related with pedoclimatic and management factors in slash-and-burn systems. Second, we assessed the relationship between plant density and cassava root yield at harvest and conducted a yield gap analysis to better understand which factors govern cassava productivity beyond plant density in slash-and-burn systems. Finally, we compared cassava productivity between slash-and-burn and the fire-free land clearing techniques that some farmers started to adopt in the study region. Cassava yields averaged 7.2 ± 5.4 Mg ha–1 (50% of the average yield of 14.2 Mg ha–1 in the Pará State), and ranged from 0 (in case of root rot diseases) to 24 Mg ha–1. Cassava yield was associated with plant density at harvest (ranging from 0 to 10 000 plants ha–1), suggesting that managing plant density is a key determinant of the attainable yield levels. In addition, differences in cassava root yields could be largely explained by differences in labour inputs for weeding and fallow clearing, the effect of the latter depending on soil texture. Therefore, our results suggest that labour is a key production factor for cassava in the shifting cultivation systems of the Eastern Amazon in which the use of external inputs, such as chemical fertilizers and herbicides, is limited. Further, root yields were influenced by the method of field preparation, whereby yields were about 50% lower (and more variable) when fields were prepared by slash-and-burn than by mechanical ploughing or herbicide application. Despite the significantly higher yields, these alternatives to burning the vegetation are, however, still hardly adopted in Paragominas. Hence, there is a need for supporting more sustainable production systems through local and national public policies. These new systems should not only focus on soil fertility management but also on weed control and, more generally, on labour productivity.
Language switching in different contexts and modalities: Response-stimulus interval influences cued-naming but not voluntary-naming or comprehension language-switching costs
Authors: de Bruin Angela , Xu Tianyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLanguage switching is often associated with language competition and switching costs. However, the underlying mechanisms might differ depending on context (free versus cued naming) and modality (production or comprehension). In this study, we assessed how response-stimulus intervals (RSI) influence language-switching costs. Longer RSIs might provide more time for interference from the previous trial to decay and result in smaller switching costs. Mandarin–English bilinguals completed two dual-language production tasks (Experiment 1: cued and voluntary picture naming) and one comprehension task (Experiment 2: animacy judgement) with a short RSI and a long RSI condition. While switching costs were present in all tasks, they were only influenced by RSI length in the cued-production task, with smaller switching costs in the long RSI condition. In contrast, RSI did not influence voluntary-production or comprehension costs. This suggests that bilinguals might apply language control differently to switch languages depending on the type of switching and modality.
Eliminating proxy errors from capital estimates by targeted exact computation
Authors: Crispin Daniel J. , Kinsley Sam M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDetermining accurate capital requirements is a central activity across the life insurance industry. This is computationally challenging and often involves the acceptance of proxy errors that directly impact capital requirements. Within simulation-based capital models, where proxies are being used, capital estimates are approximations that contain both statistical and proxy errors. Here, we show how basic error analysis combined with targeted exact computation can entirely eliminate proxy errors from the capital estimate. Consideration of the possible ordering of losses, combined with knowledge of their error bounds, identifies an important subset of scenarios. When these scenarios are calculated exactly, the resulting capital estimate can be made devoid of proxy errors. Advances in the handling of proxy errors improve the accuracy of capital requirements.
Megadrought: A Series of Unfortunate La Niña Events?
Authors: Carrillo Carlos M. , Coats Sloan , Newman Matt , Herrera Dimitris A. , Li Xiaolu , Moore Rick , Shin Sang‐Ik , Stevenson Samantha , Lehner Flavio , Ault Toby R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMegadroughts are multidecadal periods of aridity more persistent than most droughts during the instrumental period. Paleoclimate evidence suggests that megadroughts occur in many parts of the world, including North America, Central America, western Europe, eastern Asia, and northern Africa. It remains unclear to what extent such megadroughts require external forcing or whether they can arise from internal climate variability alone. A novel statistical–dynamical approach is used to evaluate the possibility that such events arise solely as a function of interannual tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variations. A statistical emulator of tropical SST variations is constructed by using an empirical moving‐blocks bootstrap approach that randomly samples multiyear sequences of the observational SST record. This approach preserves the power spectrum, seasonal cycle, and spatial pattern of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) but removes longer timescale fluctuations embedded in the observational record. These resampled SST anomalies are then used to force an atmospheric model (the Community Atmosphere Model Version 5). As megadroughts emerge in this run, they should, therefore, be solely a consequence of La Niña sequences combined with internal atmospheric variability and persistence driven by soil moisture storage and other land‐surface processes. We indeed find that megadroughts in this simulation have an amplitude‐duration rate that is generally indistinguishable from the rate documented in paleoclimate records of the western United States. Our findings support the idea that megadroughts may occur randomly when the unforced climate system evolves freely over a sufficiently long period of time, implying that an unforced unusual but statistically plausible series of La Niña events may be sufficient to generate megadrought.
Spatio‐Temporal Level Variations of the Martian Seasonal North Polar Cap From Co‐Registration of MOLA Profiles
Authors: Xiao Haifeng , Stark Alexander , Schmidt Frédéric , Hao Jingyan , Steinbrügge Gregor , Wagner Nicholas L. , Su Shu , Cheng Yuan , Oberst Jürgen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe seasonal deposition and sublimation of CO2 constitute a major element in Martian volatile cycles. We reprocess the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data and apply co‐registration procedures to obtain spatio‐temporal variations in levels of the Seasonal North Polar Cap (SNPC). The maximum level over the Residual North Polar Cap (RNPC) is 1.3 m, approximately half of that at the south pole (2.5 m). However, the maximum level in the dune fields at Olympia Undae can be up to 3.8 m. Furthermore, off‐season decreases up to 3 m during the northern winter at Olympia Undae are observed. These are likely due to metamorphism effects accentuated by the reduced snowfall at this period. Meanwhile, off‐season increases of up to 2 m during the northern spring are noted, the cause of which remains to be explored. The volume of the SNPC peaks at the end of northern winter and is estimated to be approximately 9.6 × 1012 m3, which is 2% more than that of the Seasonal South Polar Cap. The bulk density of the SNPC can go through phased decreases in accordance with phased accumulation at northern high‐latitudes. These findings can put important constraints on the Martian volatile cycling models.
A Place‐Based Approach to Drought Forecasting in South‐Central Oklahoma
Authors: McPherson Renee A. , Corporal‐Lodangco Irenea L. , Richman Michael B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo assist water managers in south‐central Oklahoma prepare for future drought, reliable place‐based drought forecasts are produced. Past‐, present‐, and future‐forecasted climate indices (Multivariate ENSO Index, Pacific Decadal Oscillation index, and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index) and past and present Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) are employed as predictor variables to forecast PDSI using a multivariate regression technique. PDSI is forecasted 18 months in advance with sufficient skill to provide water managers early warning of drought. Using a training data set obtained from the period January 1901 to November 2021, a second‐order model equation that contains, without any restriction, all the predictors and their interaction terms is built to predict drought intensity. Significant predictors are selected through stepwise regression, with cross‐validation producing the simplest restricted model that describes the data well. PDSI values are predicted using 1000 fitted restricted models produced from bootstrapping, then averaged monthly. The technique found the best‐fitting model and estimated the model coefficients that minimized the sum of squared deviations between the fitted model and the predictor variables. The adjusted R‐squared value of the restricted model is large enough to explain an adequately accurate model, and relatively low values of error measures point to good predictive ability of the model. Although the model slightly overestimates the PDSI forecast maxima and minima, it necessarily captures the timing of the periods of severe to exceptional drought.
Assessing Measurement Invariance of a Land Use Environment Construct Across Levels of Urbanicity
Authors: Meeker Melissa A. , Schwartz Brian S. , Bandeen‐Roche Karen , Hirsch Annemarie G. , De Silva S. Shanika A. , McAlexander Tara P. , Black Nyesha C. , McClure Leslie A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVariation in the land use environment (LUE) impacts the continuum of walkability to car dependency, which has been shown to have effects on health outcomes. Existing objective measures of the LUE do not consider whether the measurement of the construct varies across different types of communities along the rural/urban spectrum. To help meet the goals of the Diabetes Location, Environmental Attributes, and Disparities (LEAD) Network, we developed a national, census tract‐level LUE measure which evaluates the road network and land development. We tested for measurement invariance by LEAD community type (higher density urban, lower density urban, suburban/small town, and rural) using multiple group confirmatory factor analysis. We determined that metric invariance does not exist; thus, measurement of the LUE does vary across community type with average block length, average block size, and percent developed land driving most shared variability in rural tracts and with intersection density, street connectivity, household density, and commercial establishment density driving most shared variability in higher density urban tracts. As a result, epidemiologic studies need to consider community type when assessing the LUE to minimize place‐based confounding.
On the Influence of Thermal Stratification on Emitted Dust Flux
Authors: Dupont S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe influence of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) stability on dust emitted from saltation is usually neglected. This has been challenged by two recent studies which suggested a dependency of the dust emission flux particle size distribution (PSD) to the thermal stratification. Both studies observed a dust flux enrichment in fine particles with instability but for two different explanations: (a) a larger eddy diffusivity of submicron particles with instability, and (b) an enhanced turbulence and friction velocity u* stochasticity with instability, increasing saltation bombardment and fine‐dust emission. Here, we discuss and investigate these two propositions using the WIND‐O‐V (WIND erOsion in presence of sparse Vegetation's) 2017 data set. We first show that the first explanation and the observed stability effect on the dust flux are questionable. We, then, investigate the second explanation in the context of the enhanced influence of ABL‐scale motions on the near‐surface turbulence and u* stochasticity with increasing instability. This second explanation appears only possible at the transition between windy and free convection regimes where u* is close to its erosion threshold value. However, this intermediate regime appears more convective than the erosion event from whom the second explanation was proposed. Overall, our results show no thermal stability effect on the dust emission flux PSD. Instead, u* and the air relative humidity seem to be the main meteorological variables influencing the dust emission flux PSD. We, in particular, suggest that the air relative humidity may have affected the surface soil moisture, and thus the interparticle cohesion, through water vapor adsorption.
The RNA m6A writer WTAP in diseases: structure, roles, and mechanisms
Authors: Huang Qibo , Mo Jie , Liao Zhibin , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Bixiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a widely investigated RNA modification in studies on the “epigenetic regulation” of mRNAs that is ubiquitously present in eukaryotes. Abnormal changes in m6A levels are closely related to the regulation of RNA metabolism, heat shock stress, tumor occurrence, and development. m6A modifications are catalyzed by the m6A writer complex, which contains RNA methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), Wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), and other proteins with methyltransferase (MTase) capability, such as RNA-binding motif protein 15 (RBM15), KIAA1429 and zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13 (ZC3H13). Although METTL3 is the main catalytic subunit, WTAP is a regulatory subunit whose function is to recruit the m6A methyltransferase complex to the target mRNA. Specifically, WTAP is required for the accumulation of METTL3 and METTL14 in nuclear speckles. In this paper, we briefly introduce the molecular mechanism of m6A modification. Then, we focus on WTAP, a component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, and introduce its structure, localization, and physiological functions. Finally, we describe its roles and mechanisms in cancer.