bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse versus nonpulse steroid regimens in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khokher Waleed , Beran Azizullah , Iftikhar Saffa , Malhas Saif‐Eddin , Srour Omar , Mhanna Mohammed , Bhuta Sapan , Patel Dipen , Kesireddy Nithin , Burmeister Cameron , Borchers Elizabeth , Assaly Ragheb , Safi Fadi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSystemic steroids are associated with reduced mortality in hypoxic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, there is no consensus on the doses of steroid therapy in these patients. Several studies showed that pulse dose steroids (PDS) could reduce the progression of COVID‐19 pneumonia. However, data regarding the role of PDS in COVID‐19 is still unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta‐analysis to evaluate the role of PDS in COVID‐19 patients compared to nonpulse steroids (NPDS). Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception through February 10, 2022 was performed for all published studies comparing PDS to NPDS therapy to manage hypoxic patients with COVID‐19. Primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes were the need for endotracheal intubation, hospital length of stay (LOS), and adverse events in the form of superimposed infections. A total of 10 observational studies involving 3065 patients (1289 patients received PDS and 1776 received NPDS) were included. The mortality rate was similar between PDS and NPDS groups (risk ratio [RR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–1.65, p = 0.16). There were no differences in the need for endotracheal intubation (RR: 0.71, 95%: CI 0.37–1.137, p = 0.31), LOS (mean difference: 1.93 days; 95% CI: −1.46–5.33; p = 0.26), or adverse events (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.56–1.57, p = 0.80) between the two groups. Compared to NPDS, PDS was associated with similar mortality rates, need for endotracheal intubation, LOS, and adverse events. Given the observational nature of the included studies, randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate our findings.
Understanding the role of Ti addition on the corrosion and passive film characteristics of Nb stabilized AISI 347 weld
Authors: Malhotra Dikshant , Shahi Amandeep S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA multipass multilayer weld pad was fabricated on AISI 347 base metal with filler combinations of AISI 321 and AISI 347, to understand the role of Ti addition on metallurgical, corrosion, and passive film characteristics of the AISI 347 weld. Weld layers with Nb content of 0.53 wt.%, 0.47 wt.%, 0.23 wt.% and Ti of 0 wt.%, 0.21 wt.%, 0.33 wt.%, respectively, were extracted from fabricated weld pad. Selected weld metal compositions were subjected to thermal aging at 750°C for 24 h to investigate the influence of varying precipitation induced in these welds. Ti addition in AISI 347 weld showed lower enrichment of C and Cr at dendritic regions resulting in reduced Cr depletion, lower sensitization, enhanced pitting potential, and repassivation ability compared to conventional Nb stabilized AISI 347 weld. Passive film characteristics studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy depicted formation of more protective, and dense passive film with higher Cr, Ni, and O concentrations for Ti added AISI 347 weld relative to conventional ones. Therefore, Ti addition via the use of Ti stabilized filler in the Nb stabilized AISI 347 weld proved to be efficient in enhancing its corrosion performance by forming a more protective passive oxide film.
Dynamic and localized microelectrochemical approaches to evaluate the corrosion resistance of newly developed lean duplex stainless steel alloys
Authors: Kumar Arumugam Madhan , Toor Ihsan‐ul‐Haq 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA combination of scanning microelectrochemical techniques along with the conventional electrochemical approaches is explored to attain insight information on the localized corrosion on the newly developed lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) alloys. The obtained results from dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (DEIS) tests explained the beneficial role of different alloying elements on the passive and transpassive regions of the investigated LDSS alloys in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) was effective in examining the anodic and cathodic regions on the corroding LDSS, whereas the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique was employed to explore the localized corrosion sites on LDSS in NaCl solution. The acquired SVET results revealed a reduction in the susceptibility of the newly developed alloys to localized corrosion concerning their composition, accounting for the enhanced corrosion resistance. The obtained result from conventional and scanning microelectrochemical techniques obviously revealed the LDSS alloy with the composition of Fe–16Cr–2Ni–2Mn–1Mo exhibited higher localized corrosion resistance in NaCl solution.
Analysis of the Ce(III) chloride, Ce(III) nitrate, and Ce(III) propionate as corrosion inhibitor of the aluminum alloys in NaCl solution
Authors: Radojković Bojana , Marunkić Dunja , Milošević Milena , Grubišić Sonja , Pejić Jovanka , Jegdić Bore , Marinković Aleksandar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGreen corrosion inhibitors, Ce(III) chloride, Ce(III) nitrate, and Ce(III) propionate, were tested in NaCl solution with the aim to evaluate their inhibitory effect on 7049 aluminum alloy and to propose a mechanism of their inhibitive action. Corrosion properties of the formed inhibitor layer were analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, while the pit formation resistance was analyzed using potentiodynamic polarization tests. Morphology of the formed pits was evaluated by scanning electron microscope/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy analysis. It was shown that Ce(III) propionate in NaCl solution has a noticeably higher protective ability than Ce(III) chloride and Ce(III) nitrate. The presence of cerium, propionate anions, and Al–O bonds in the inhibitive layer on the 7049 aluminum alloy surface was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. This indicates the formation of Ce propionate complexes and bonds via oxygen atoms from carboxylate anions with the metal surface. Density‐functional theory methods were used for the geometry optimization of possible Ce propionate complexes as corrosion inhibitors.
Serum Neurofilament Light Chain in Wilson's Disease: A Promising Indicator but Unparallel to Real‐Time Treatment Response
Authors: Wang Rou‐Min , Xu Wan‐Qing , Zheng Zi‐Wei , Yang Guo‐Min , Zhang Mei‐Yan , Ke Hua‐Zhen , Xia Nan , Dong Yi , Wu Zhi‐Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWilson's disease (WD) currently lacks a promising indicator that could reflect neurological impairment and monitor treatment outcome. We aimed to investigate whether serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) functions as a candidate for disease assessment and treatment monitoring of WD.MethodsWe assessed preclinical and manifested WD patients' sNfL levels compared to controls and analyzed the differences between patients with various clinical symptoms. We then explored the correlation between clinical scales and sNfL levels. And repeated measurements were performed in 34 patients before and after treatment.ResultsWD patients with neurological involvement had significantly higher sNfL levels than both hepatic patients and controls. Positive correlations were found between Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale scores and sNfL and between semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging scales and sNfL levels in WD patients. However, in the treatment follow‐up analysis, the trend of sNfL before and after treatment disaccorded with clinical response.ConclusionThese findings suggest that sNfL levels can be an ideal indicator for the severity of neurological involvement but fail to evaluate change in disease condition after treatment. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Implementation of back at work after surgery (BAAS): A feasibility study of an integrated pathway for improved return to work after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Strijbos Daniël O. , van der Sluis Geert , Boymans Tim A. E. J. , de Groot Stephan , Klomp Simon , Kooijman Carolien M. , Reneman Michiel F. , Kuijer P. Paul F. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeOptimizing return to work after knee arthroplasty is becoming more important because of the growing incidence of KA among workers and poor return to work outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of Back At work After Surgery (BAAS): an integrated clinical pathway for return to work after knee arthroplasty.MethodWorking patients who received unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between January 2021 and November 2021, younger than 65 years and motivated to return to work were eligible to participate. Feasibility was investigated on five domains: reach, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity and patients’ attitudes. These outcomes were obtained by a patient‐reported questionnaire and an interview with the occupational case manager and medical case manager.ResultsOf the eligible 29 patients, eleven were willing to participate (response rate 38%; due to travel distance to and from the hospital). The dose delivered was between 91 and 100%, except information given about return to work from the orthopedic surgeon which was 18%. The dose received was 100%. For fidelity, case managers reported nine shortcomings for which five solutions were mentioned. In terms of patients’ attitude, all patients were satisfied and one patient mentioned an improvement.ConclusionsIn terms of reach, participation was low: only 29%. The BAAS clinical pathway seems feasible based on dose delivered, dose received, fidelity and patient attitudes. The next step is to assess the effectiveness of the BAAS clinical pathway for return to work.
Perospirone augmentation of escitalopram in the treatment of an adolescent sophophobia (fear of learning) patient
Authors: Miyazaki Kensuke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this case report, an adolescent boy with sophophobia (fear of learning) is reported. Although psychoeducation about the condition was helpful to the patient, there was only a limited effect on his symptoms. Psychotropic treatment with escitalopram was initiated. He showed gradual improvement with this treatment, and there was only a limited effect on his symptoms. Hence, the patient was referred for psychotherapy, although he was unable to attend sessions. Augmentation with perospirone resulted in significant improvement. Research about pharmacological approaches to treat childhood and adolescent phobias is limited and requires further investigation.
Polybenzoxazine‐hazelnut shell composites: Curing behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and material stress analysis
Authors: Gorar Athar Ali Khan , Wang Ting , Al Hassan Mohamadou , Dayo Abdul Qadeer , Liu Wen‐bin , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, hazelnut shell (HS) particles were added to the bisphenol‐A aniline‐based benzoxazine (BA‐a) matrix and micro‐sized HS particles of varying weight percent (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) were successfully blended with BA‐a resin. The effects of reinforcing HS particles to the neat matrix were studied. The curing behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation of the composites were performed using differential scanning calorimetry, tensile and impact tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was lowered to 16°C which is 4% less than the neat matrix, increase in char yield (Yc) was recorded in composites. Tensile and impact strength of the prepared composites was improved significantly. There was 82.6% increase in Young's modulus and 74.1% increase in the tensile stress for the BA‐a/HS composite containing 25 wt% HS particles. Meanwhile, the impact strength of the composites was elevated, and a maximum of 207% increase in impact strength was observed without sacrificing other properties of the matrix. Additionally, finite element analysis was carried out on a cantilever beam designed in CATIA V5 with the properties of neat BA‐a and HS filled composites. The stress analysis was observed on different HS filled composites, showing better results for HS filled composites as compared to neat polymer.
Effect of temperature on the properties of polymer cement composite material
Authors: Wang Zhihang , Bai Erlei , Du Yuhang , Liu Gaojie , Zhu Congjin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the actual working environment for the polymer cement composite, the effect of temperature on its properties cannot be ignored. In order to investigate the properties of polymer cement composite in extreme temperature environment, this study conducted bond test, tensile test, and shear test of composites at different temperatures (−30, −15, 25, 40, and 60°C). Through measuring the elastic recovery rate of specimens, as well as relevant strength indexes, deformation indexes and energy consumption indexes under tensile and shear loads, the effect of temperature on the bond property, tensile property, and shear property of the composite were investigated. The results show that the polymer cement composite has a good bond property, and no damage occurs at any temperature or after cold drawing and hot pressing cycle. Temperature has a great influence on the tensile property and shear property of polymer cement composite. At a low temperature, the tensile property and shear property improve, the strength and energy consumption indexes increase noticeably, and the elongation at break increases while the peak strain reduces in terms of deformation indexes. At a high temperature, the tensile property and shear property deteriorate, and the strength, deformation, and energy consumption indexes all fall. As a result, the polymer cement composite is more suitable for cold areas.
State, global, and local parameter estimation using local ensemble Kalman filters: Applications to online machine learning of chaotic dynamics
Authors: Malartic Q. , Farchi A. , Bocquet M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a recent methodological article, we showed how to learn chaotic dynamics along with the state trajectory from sequentially acquired observations, using local ensemble Kalman filters. Here, we investigate more systematically the possibility of using a local ensemble Kalman filter with either covariance localisation or local domains, in order to retrieve the state and a mix of key global and local parameters. Global parameters are meant to represent the surrogate dynamical core, for instance through a neural network, which is reminiscent of data‐driven machine learning of dynamics, while the local parameters typically stand for the forcings of the model. Aiming at joint state and parameter estimation, a family of algorithms for covariance and local domain localisation is proposed. In particular, we show how to update global parameters rigorously using a local‐domain ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) such as the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), an inherently local method. The approach is tested with success on the 40‐variable Lorenz model using several of the local EnKF flavors. A two‐dimensional illustration based on a multilayer Lorenz model is finally provided. It uses radiance‐like nonlocal observations. It features both local domains and covariance localisation, in order to learn the chaotic dynamics and the local forcings. This article addresses more generally the key question of online estimation of both global and local model parameters.
Statistical analysis of possible trends for extreme floods in northern Sweden
Authors: Rydén Jesper 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith ongoing climate change, analysis of trends in maximum annual daily river flow is of interest. Flow magnitude and timing during the year were investigated in this study. Observations from 11 unregulated rivers in northern Sweden were analysed, using extreme‐value distributions with time‐dependent parameters. The Mann–Kendall test was used to investigate possible trends. The extreme‐value statistics revealed no significant trends for the stations considered, but the Mann–Kendall test showed a significant upward trend for some stations. For timing of maximum flow (day of the year), the Mann–Kendall test revealed significant downward trends for two stations (with the longest records). This implies that the day of the maximum flow is occurring earlier in the year in northern Sweden.
Spherical Micro/Nano Hierarchical Structures for Energy and Water Harvesting Devices
Authors: Jung Young , Ahn Junseong , Kim Ji‐Seok , Ha Ji‐Hwan , Shim Jaehwan , Cho Hanchul , Oh Yong Suk , Yoon Yong‐Jin , Nam Youngsuk , Oh Il‐Kwon , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Park Inkyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical structures have been explored for various applications owing to the synergistic effects of micro‐ and nanostructures. However, the development of spherical micro/nano hierarchical structures (S‐HSs), which can be used as energy/water harvesting systems and sensing devices, remains challenging owing to the trade‐off between structural complexity and fabrication difficulty. This paper presents a new strategy for facile, scalable S‐HS fabrication using a thermal expansion of microspheres and nanopatterned structures. When a specific temperature is applied to a composite film of microspheres and elastomers with nanopatterned surfaces, microspheres are expanded and 3D spherical microstructures are generated. Various nanopatterns and densities of spherical microstructures can thereby be quantitatively controlled. The fabricated S‐HSs have been used in renewable electrical energy harvesting and sustainable water management applications. Compared to a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with bare film, the S‐HS‐based TENG exhibited 4.48 times higher triboelectric performance with high mechanical durability. Furthermore, an S‐HS is used as a water harvesting device to capture water in a fog environment. The water collection rate is dramatically enhanced by the increased surface area and locally concentrated vapor diffusion flux due to the spherical microstructures.
ISG15 enhances glioma cell stemness by promoting Oct4 protein stability
Authors: Dai Yuxiang , Yu Tianfu , Yu Chen , Lu Tianyu , Zhou Lu , Cheng Chuandong , Ni Hongbin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of ISG15 or ISGylation on tumor progression have been widely revealed; however, its roles in glioma progression are largely unknown. This study aims to explore the roles and underlying mechanisms of ISG15 in glioma progression. Here, ISG15 level was found to be upregulated in glioma tissues compared to the paired/unpaired normal tissues, and positively correlated with the level of stemness markers in glioma tissues. Loss of functional experiments indicated that ISG15 positively regulated glioma cell stemness, as evident by the increase of sphere formation ability, ALDH activity, stemness marker expression, and tumor‐initiating ability. Further mechanistic studies revealed that ISG15 directly interacted with Oct4 protein, a critical stemness promoter, induced the ISGylation of Oct4 protein, and thus enhanced Oct4 protein stability. Additionally, it was found that Oct4 was ISGylated at lysine 284 (K284), which has been confirmed to be the ubiquitination site of Oct4 protein, and ISG15 knockdown did not degrade K284R mutant Oct4. Furthermore, ISG15 knockdown‐induced downregulation of glioma cell stemness was rescued by Oct4 overexpression, but not by K284R mutant Oct4. Altogether, we suggest that ISG15‐induced ISGylation of Oct4 protein is essential for glioma cell stemness.
AGREE‐S: AGREE II extension for surgical interventions – United European Gastroenterology and European Association for Endoscopic Surgery methodological guide
Authors: Logullo Patricia , Florez Ivan D , Antoniou George A , Markar Sheraz , López‐Cano Manuel , Silecchia Gianfranco , Tsokani Sofia , Mavridis Dimitrios , Brouwers Melissa , Antoniou Stavros A ,   The GAP Consortium
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument has been developed to inform the methodology, reporting and appraisal of clinical practice guidelines. Evidence suggests that the quality of surgical guidelines can be improved, and the structure and content of AGREE II can be modified to help enhance the quality of guidelines of surgical interventions.ObjectiveTo develop an extension of AGREE II specifically designed for guidelines of surgical interventions.MethodsIn the tripartite Guideline Assessment Project (GAP) funded by United European Gastroenterology and the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery, (i) we assessed the quality of surgical guidelines and we identified factors associated with higher quality (GAP I); (ii) we applied correlation analysis, factor analysis and the item response theory to inform an adaption of AGREE II for the purposes of surgical guidelines (GAP II); and (iii) we developed an AGREE II extension for surgical interventions, informed by the results of GAP I, GAP II, and a Delphi process of stakeholders, including representation from interventional and surgical disciplines; the Guideline International Network (GIN); the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group; the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) initiative; and representation of surgical journal editors and patient/public.ResultsWe developed AGREE‐S, an AGREE II extension for surgical interventions, which comprises 24 items organized in 6 domains; Scope and purpose, Stakeholders, Evidence synthesis, Development of recommendations, Editorial independence, and Implementation and update. The panel of stakeholders proposed 3 additional items: development of a guideline protocol, consideration of practice variability and surgical/interventional expertise in different settings, and specification of infrastructures required to implement the recommendations. Three of the existing items were amended, 7 items were rearranged among the domains, and one item was removed. The domain Rigour of Development was divided into domains on Evidence Synthesis and Development of Recommendations. The new domain Development of Recommendations incorporates items from the original AGREE II domain Clarity of Presentation.ConclusionAGREE‐S is an evidence‐based and stakeholder‐informed extension of the AGREE II instrument, that can be used as a guide for the development and adaption of guidelines on surgical interventions.
Unusual case of traumatic abdominal intercostal hernia with involvement of liver lobe in a domestic short hair cat
Authors: Ali Mohamed Ghouse Mohamed , Ravikumar Kavin , Maruthamuthu Gokulakrishnan , Balakrishnan Gowrishankar , Eswaran Pradeep 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAbdominal intercostal hernias are rare in small animals. A 1‐year‐old, entire, male, domestic shorthaired cat, weighing 3.5 kg was presented with a history of progressive swelling over the right cranial abdomen, noticed over a period of 6 months. The cat had a history of having been attacked by a dog on the right cranial abdomen. On physical examination, a soft tissue mass measuring 11.5 × 8.4 cm was noticed. Survey radiograph revealed the presence of a lobulated organ with soft tissue opacity at the level of the 12th–13th ribs. Abdominal ultrasonography showed herniation/displacement of a structure with soft tissue echogenicity suggestive of right lateral liver lobe with normal parenchyma, hepatic and portal vein. Based on these findings, a traumatic abdominal intercostal hernia was diagnosed and herniorrhaphy was performed. The outcome was favourable.