bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirt3 Promotes Chondrogenesis, Chondrocyte Mitochondrial Respiration and the Development of High-Fat Diet-Induced Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Zhu Shouan , Donovan Elise L. , Makosa Dawid , Mehta-D'souza Padmaja , Jopkiewicz Anita , Batushansky Albert , Cortassa Dominic , Simmons Aaron D. , Lopes Erika Barboza Prado , Kinter Michael , Griffin Timothy M. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding how obesity-induced metabolic stress contributes to synovial joint tissue damage is difficult because of the complex role of metabolism in joint development, maintenance, and repair. Chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) pathology, which motivated us to study the mitochondrial deacetylase enzyme sirtuin 3 (Sirt3). We hypothesized that combining high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and cartilage Sirt3 loss at a young age would impair chondrocyte mitochondrial function, leading to cellular stress and accelerated OA. Instead, we unexpectedly found that depleting cartilage Sirt3 at 5 weeks of age using Sirt3-flox and Acan-CreERT2 mice protected against the development of cartilage degeneration and synovial hyperplasia following 20 weeks of HFD. This protection was associated with increased cartilage glycolysis proteins and reduced mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism proteins. Seahorse-based assays supported a mitochondrial-to-glycolytic shift in chondrocyte metabolism with Sirt3 deletion. Additional studies with primary murine juvenile chondrocytes under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions showed an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) target genes with Sirt3 deletion. However, Sirt3 deletion impaired chondrogenesis using a murine bone marrow stem/stromal cell pellet model, suggesting a context-dependent role of Sirt3 in cartilage homeostasis. Overall, our data indicate that Sirt3 coordinates HFD-induced changes in mature chondrocyte metabolism that promote OA. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
Cartilage-specific depletion of Sirt3 protects against osteoarthritis in adult mice fed a high-fat diet, potentially by increasing chondrocyte glycolysis and inhibiting mitochondrial metabolism. However, Sirt3 deletion impairs chondrogenesis, suggesting a context-dependent role of Sirt3 in cartilage homeostasis.
A posteriori localization of many‐body excited states through simultaneous diagonalization
Authors: Blanc Ambre , Monari Antonio , Tremblay Jean Christophe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we propose a numerical method to localize many‐electron excited states. To characterize the electronic structure of the electronic excited states of a system, quantum chemistry methods typically yield a delocalized description of the excitations. Some a priori localization methods have been developed to provide an intuitive local picture of the excited states. They typically require a good strategy to separate the system of interest from its environment, or a set of a priori localized orbitals, that may reduce their computational accuracy. Here, we introduce an a posteriori method to localize delocalized many‐body excited states directly obtained from quantum chemistry calculations. A localization metric for the excited states is defined from their representation as electron–hole pairs, which is encoded in the transition density matrix. This novel a posteriori strategy thus allows to localize excitons within a volume around selected fragments of a complex molecular system without tempering with its quantum chemical treatment. The method is tested on π‐stacked oligomers of phenanthrenes and pyrenes. It is found to efficiently localize and separate the excitons according to their character while preserving the information about delocalized many‐body states at a low computational cost.
The dark side of foetal bovine serum in extracellular vesicle studies
Authors: Urzì Ornella , Olofsson Bagge Roger , Crescitelli Rossella 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to be involved in cell‐cell communication and to take part in both physiological and pathological processes. Thanks to their exclusive cargo, which includes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from the originating cells, they are gaining interest as potential biomarkers of disease. In recent years, their appealing features have been fascinating researchers from all over the world, thus increasing the number of in vitro studies focused on EV release, content, and biological activities. Cultured cell lines are the most‐used source of EVs; however, the EVs released in cell cultures are influenced by the cell culture conditions, such as the use of foetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS is the most common supplement for cell culture media, but it is also a source of contaminants, such as exogenous bovine EVs, RNA, and protein aggregates, that can contaminate the cell‐derived EVs and influence their cargo composition. The presence of FBS contaminants in cell‐derived EV samples is a well‐known issue that limits the clinical applications of EVs, thus increasing the need for standardization. In this review, we will discuss the pros and cons of using FBS in cell cultures as a source of EVs, as well as the protocols used to remove contaminants from FBS.
Increased cases of influenza C virus in children and adults in Austria, 2022
Authors: Camp Jeremy V. , Redlberger‐Fritz Monika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSentinel surveillance of influenza‐like illnesses revealed an increase in the cases of influenza C virus in children and adults in Austria, 2022, compared to previous years, following one season (2020/2021), wherein no influenza C virus was detected. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed no obvious genetic basis for the increase. We propose that the reemergence is explained by waning immunity from lack of community exposure due to restrictions intended to limit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spread in prior seasons, pending further investigation.
Real‐world treatment pattern and prognostic factors of stage IV lung squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Hsu En‐Chi , Wu Kuan‐Li , Tsai Ying‐Ming , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Tsai Ming‐Ju , Kuo Chia‐Yu , Liu Yu‐Chuan , Liang Fu‐Wen , Yang Chih‐Jen , Hung Jen‐Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) represents a minor proportion of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring a poor prognosis. Herein, retrospective medical record research was performed to investigate real‐world treatment patterns and identify the prognostic factors among LUSC patients. A total of 173 patients with a median age of 68 years were enrolled for analysis. Males were predominant (n = 143, 83%) and current or ex‐smokers contributed to 78% of the entire cohort. Pleura and lung were the most common metastatic sites, whereas brain metastasis was only 7%. After diagnosis, however, only 107 patients (62%) had received first‐line chemotherapy. In the chemotherapy cohort, median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.9 and 11.1 months, respectively. After multivariable analysis, bone metastasis and the use of first‐line single‐agent chemotherapy independently predicted shorter PFS. For baseline characteristics, male sex, metastasis to lung, pleura, liver, and bone independently predicted worse OS. Regarding the treatment pattern, patients who had undergone standard first‐line doublet therapy and employed targeted therapies after disease progression linked to longer OS. In the real world, even those who underwent chemotherapy still had poor outcome. The findings may help clinicians to orchestrate the treatment strategies for LUSC patients and provide further direction of large‐scale studies.
Adlay (Coix lacryma‐jobi L.) Polyphenol Improves Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis through Regulating Intestinal Flora via AMPK Pathway
Authors: Ma Shengsuo , Yang Bing , Shi Yucong , Du Yang , Lv Yiwen , Liu Jiarong , Liu Enyan , Xu Huachong , Deng Li , Chen Xiao‐yin 
Published: October 2022

ScopeNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of metabolic syndrome characterized of abnormal lipid deposition in the liver. Adlay polyphenol (AP), an effective component extracted from Coix lacryma‐jobi L., has been reported that it can be used as a dietary supplement to prevent NAFLD. In this study, the mechanism and action of AP on lipid metabolism and regulation of intestinal flora are investigated.Methods and resultsAP significantly decreases the lipid accumulation in free fatty acid‐treated HepG2 cells. Western blot results indicate that AP improves lipid metabolism via activating the p‐AMPK/p‐ACC pathway. In vivo experiments show AP treatment significantly decreases the body weight, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride, and total cholesterol contents, as well as the serum glucose levels in high fat diet‐fed mice, which may affect lipid accumulation by activating AMPK pathway and changing intestinal bacterial communities and intestinal microbiome metabolism.ConclusionAP can be used as a food supplement for improving lipid metabolic dysfunction and reducing the incidence of metabolic diseases.
The role of material fabric in confined concrete
Authors: Ghosh Subha , Deb Arghya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe paper is a comparative study of the role of material fabric in unconfined concrete and in concrete subjected to external confinement. In unconfined concrete, the material fabric is the principal reason for the early onset of shear bands in specimens with rounded aggregates. Anisotropy in the material fabric also determines the strength of the “internal confinement mechanism,” and contributes to higher macro strength in specimens with angular aggregates. In contrast, in confined specimens, fabric isotropy, typical of rounded aggregates, is found to be more suited to capture the benefits of external confinement. With increase in axial strain, the fabric dependent anisotropic contribution grows more slowly in specimens with rounded aggregates. This facilitates rapid mobilization of confining pressure, and contributes to the higher confining efficiency of such specimens. However, higher confining pressure in specimens with rounded aggregates also results in such specimens being more susceptible to mortar damage and Mode II interface fracture than their angular counterparts.
An analytical model for ground support by bolting
Authors: Yasuda Naotoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBolts have been used under various geological conditions as reinforcement to support underground openings. However, quantitative evaluations of the impacts of reinforcement bolts remain controversial. When a bolt is modeled explicitly, one challenge is determining the parameter that represents the interaction between the bolt and surrounding medium. This study aims to derive a simplified Winkler model for the ground support provided by a bolt, with the mutual interaction between the bolt and the surrounding ground analytically evaluated. Theoretical solutions are derived that rigorously consider the mutual interaction between a bolt and the surrounding ground based on two‐dimensional axisymmetric elasticity. The obtained solutions are compared with those from the simplified model, in which the bolt is assumed as a rod and the surrounding ground is assumed to have a constant stiffness. The numerical results show that the simplified model can evaluate the ground‐bolt interaction when the ground deformation follows the bolt. However, the model cannot accurately model pullout tests as the free surface strongly influences the result, and it is difficult to define a constant representing the surrounding ground.
A two‐grid finite element method for the Allen‐Cahn equation with the logarithmic potential
Authors: Wang Danxia , Li Yanan , Jia Hongen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a two‐grid finite element method for the Allen‐Cahn equation with the logarithmic potential. This method consists of two steps. In the first step, based on a fully implicit finite element method, the Allen‐Cahn equation is solved on a coarse grid with mesh size H. In the second step, a linearized system whose nonlinear term is replaced by the value of the first step is solved on a fine grid with mesh size h. We give the energy stabilities of the traditional finite element method and the two‐grid finite element method. The optimal convergence order of the two‐grid finite element method in H1 norm is achieved when the mesh sizes satisfy h = O(H2). Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme. The results show that the two‐grid method can save the CPU time while keeping the same convergence rate.
Cdt1 overexpression drives colorectal carcinogenesis through origin overlicensing and DNA damage
Authors: Petropoulos Michalis , Champeris Tsaniras Spyridon , Nikou Sofia , Maxouri Styliani , Dionellis Vasilis S , Kalogeropoulou Argyro , Karamichali Angeliki , Ioannidis Konstantinos , Danalatos Iosif‐Rodolfos , Obst Mandy , Naumann Ronald , Delinasios George J , Gorgoulis Vassilis G , Roukos Vassilis , Anastassiadis Konstantinos , Halazonetis Thanos D , Bravou Vasiliki , Lygerou Zoi , Taraviras Stavros 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (CDT1), a protein of the pre‐replicative complex, is essential for loading the minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM) helicases onto the origins of DNA replication. While several studies have shown that dysregulation of CDT1 expression causes re‐replication and DNA damage in cell lines, and CDT1 is highly expressed in several human cancers, whether CDT1 deregulation is sufficient to enhance tumorigenesis in vivo is currently unclear. To delineate its role in vivo, we overexpressed Cdt1 in the mouse colon and induced carcinogenesis using azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS). Here, we show that mice overexpressing Cdt1 develop a significantly higher number of tumors with increased tumor size, and more severe dysplastic changes (high‐grade dysplasia), compared with control mice under the same treatment. These tumors exhibited an increased growth rate, while cells overexpressing Cdt1 loaded greater amounts of Mcm2 onto chromatin, demonstrating origin overlicensing. Adenomas overexpressing Cdt1 showed activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), apoptosis, formation of micronuclei, and chromosome segregation errors, indicating that aberrant expression of Cdt1 results in increased genomic and chromosomal instability in vivo, favoring cancer development. In line with these results, high‐level expression of CDT1 in human colorectal cancer tissue specimens and colorectal cancer cell lines correlated significantly with increased origin licensing, activation of the DDR, and microsatellite instability (MSI). © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Role of MIF1/MIF2/CD74 interactions in bladder cancer
Authors: Woolbright Benjamin L , Rajendran Ganeshkumar , Abbott Erika , Martin Austin , Amalraj Sarah , Dennis Katie , Li Xiaogang , Warrick Joshua , Taylor John A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF1) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in inflammation and cancer. Genetic knockout of Mif1 in the validated N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) model of bladder cancer (BCa) resulted in stage arrest at non‐muscle‐invasive disease in prior studies. Small‐molecule inhibition of MIF1 reduced cancer‐associated outcomes, but it did not fully recapitulate genetic models. D‐dopachrome tautomerase (gene symbol DDT), commonly referred to as MIF2, is a functional homolog of MIF1, and both MIF1 and MIF2 can bind the cell surface receptor CD74 on multiple cell types to initiate a signaling cascade. It has been proposed that this interaction mediates part of the protumorigenic effects of MIF1 and MIF2 and may explain the discordance in prior studies. We hypothesized that MIF2 functions redundantly with MIF1 in BCa development and progression. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis indicated MIF and DDT expression were increased in BCa patients compared to control. 4‐Iodopyridine (4‐IPP), a combined MIF1/MIF2 inhibitor, was more efficacious than ISO‐1, a MIF1‐only inhibitor, in preventing cellular proliferation in BCa cell lines. To evaluate these findings in vivo, wild‐type (WT) and Mif1−/− animals were exposed to 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 16 weeks to initiate tumorigenesis and then evaluated over the subsequent 4 weeks for tumor formation and progression in the presence or absence of 4‐IPP. 4‐IPP reduced bladder weights in WT animals and bladder weights/tumor stage in Mif1−/− animals. To determine whether MIF1/MIF2 functioned through CD74 in BCa, WT or Cd74−/− animals were used in the same BBN model. Although these animals were partially protected against BBN‐induced BCa, 4‐IPP did not enhance this effect. In conclusion, our data suggest that MIF2 mechanistically functions in a similar protumorigenic manner to MIF1, and this is at least partially through CD74. Dual inhibition of MIF homologs is more efficacious at reducing tumor burden in this model of BCa. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Retention of discharge instructions using an interdisciplinary model for at‐risk children with cancer: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Offenbacher Rachel , Briggs Jessica , Ronca Kristen , Uong Audrey , Ogidan‐Odeseye Olamide , Kim Mimi , Weiser Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeWe sought to improve caregiver retention of critical initial hospital discharge instructions using a multidisciplinary, team‐based intervention for newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients at high risk for unfavorable outcomes.Materials and methodsA multidisciplinary team of pediatric residents, nurses, social workers, pharmacists and hematology/oncology faculty implemented practices to optimize teaching of key discharge material as part of four Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act intervention cycles. An 11‐question survey distributed at the first post‐discharge clinic visit assessed the efficacy of the intervention, as defined by caregiver retention of critical home instructions.ResultsThirty‐nine caregivers of pediatric cancer patients in an urban academic tertiary‐care children's hospital took part in this project. Overall retention of key discharge information was greater in the post‐intervention cohort compared to the baseline cohort (median total scores: 89 and 63, respectively; p = .001). Improvements in the proportions of correct responses post‐intervention were also observed across all subject matters: from 0.57 to 0.88 for fever guidelines (p = .059), from 0.71 to 0.78 for signs of sepsis (p = .65), from 0.57 to 1.00 for accurate choice of on‐call number (p = .004), and from 0.71 to 0.94 for antiemetic management (p = .14).ConclusionInitiation of our comprehensive cancer‐specific program to improve caregiver retention of discharge instructions at the first post‐hospitalization clinic visit has been successful and sustainable. This project demonstrated that a multi‐disciplinary collaborative team effort increases caregiver retention of critical health information, and this has potential to lead to improved outcomes for patients.
The challenges of managing type 1 diabetes with other autoimmune diseases
Authors: Salloum Mohammed , Poole Ruth 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
People with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing other autoimmune diseases compared to the background population and this risk has been increasing over the last 20 years. Coeliac disease affects absorption of food which can lead to hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes. Both conditions have dietary restrictions and managing the two can make food choices more difficult. Addison's disease can lead to significant challenges in managing blood glucose particularly in times of intercurrent illness and significantly increases morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Thyroid disease, both hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) can affect blood glucose levels directly by changes in glucose uptake and metabolism or indirectly through changes in weight. Management of type 1 diabetes includes being alert to the possibility of these potential additional diagnoses. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Tropical medicine and diabetes: an integrative paradigm
Authors: Seewoodhary Jason , Benavides Rodrigo Ville , Silveira Angela 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent advances in public health and preventative medicine have significantly changed the epidemiology of disease in the tropics this century. Tropical medicine has transitioned away from being a specialty honed exclusively on infectious disease to now encompassing the management and relationship of infectious diseases with increasingly prevalent non‐communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, in lower‐ and middle‐income countries. This review will critically consider unique aspects of diabetes care in the tropics. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Division for Pharmacology Education at EB2022—Meeting report
Authors: Blumer Joe B. , Kruidering Marieke , Brandl Katharina , McPhail Brooks , Simmons Mark A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) held its annual meeting at the Experimental Biology 2022 conference in Philadelphia, PA on April 2–5, 2022. The authors provide a synopsis and discussion of each of the four sessions presented at the meeting under the ASPET Division for Pharmacology Education (DPE).
Impacts of model resolution and ocean coupling on mean and eddy momentum transfer during the rapid intensification of super‐typhoon Muifa (2011)
Authors: Yu Yang , Chen Shu‐Hua , Tseng Yu‐Heng , Foltz Gregory R. , Zhang Rong‐Hua , Gao Huiwang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study uses a coupled atmosphere–ocean model with different numerical settings to investigate the mean and eddy momentum transfer processes responsible for Typhoon Muifa′s (2011) early rapid intensification (RI). Three experiments are conducted. Two use the coupled model with a horizontal resolution of either 1 km (HRL) or 3 km (LRL). The third (NoTCFB) is the same as LRL but excludes tropical cyclone (TC)‐induced sea‐surface temperature (SST) cooling. HRL reasonably reproduces Muifa′s intensity during its rapid intensification and weakening periods. The azimuthal mean tangential and radial momentum budgets are analysed before the RI rates diverge between HRL and LRL. Results show that the dominant processes responsible for Muifa′s intensification are different in HRL and LRL. For HRL, the net eddy effect intensifies the storm′s circulation and contracts the eyewall during early RI, and it dominates the net mean‐flow effect inside the radius of maximum wind (RMW), except near the surface and between 2 and 5 km close to the RMW. In contrast, the mean and eddy effects in LRL almost cancel inside the RMW, while the mean‐flow effects dominate and intensify tangential winds outside. Without TC‐induced SST cooling, Muifa in NoTCFB reaches a similar storm intensity as in HRL but its rapid weakening rate is substantially underestimated. The dominant mechanisms for tangential wind intensification in NoTCFB are similar to those in LRL, but their magnitudes are larger, implying a misrepresentation of the dominant momentum transfer processes in NoTCFB during RI. For the radial momentum budget analysis, the dominant processes are similar among the three experiments except for some differences in their locations and strengths.