bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of facility layout design using Systematic Layout planning methodology
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Naga Malleswari V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A plant layout design is one of the essential tasks for improving industry performance and the wellbeing of the production process. Kharagpur railway station is one of the biggest railway stations in INDIA, and the motorcoach shop is one of the workshops for the maintenance and repairing of the coaches. This workshop consists of the various department for serving the purpose of repairing works. Around ninety employees work for maintenance which comes for repair and maintenance work. It observed that the working area spread through the space and did not utilize it to the maximum extent, and material flows are not systematic. This study aims to redesign the facility layout of the motorcoach shop using Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) to maximize the utilization area and reduce idle space. Two design alternatives were proposed and compared the performance of each design with the initial layout. Based on the calculation of total area facility layout chosen since proposed layout able to improve the utilization by 30% and material flow rate by 20%.
Smart Lawn with Water Sprinkler for Garden Using Arduino UNO
Authors: Yusof K H , Ahmad A S , Basir M S S M , Katim N. I. A. , Zaki M M M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a system of smart lawn and garden water sprinkler using Arduino UNO, whose water tank can be monitored through smartphone. The main purpose of this system is to minimize the issue of water loss and water delivery system by using Internet of Things (IoT) as a platform to monitor the water tank level/status within range of 20 meters from the WIFI module. In this system, interface YFS201 Hall Effect Water Flow Sensor is used to measure the flow rate and volume of water, while ultrasonic sensor is used to detect water level inside the tank. Two systems (integrated) had been tested. Firstly is the proposed system, where the flow rate and volume of water are displayed on the LCD and the reading of the water tank is displayed on smartphone. The second system is watering clock system, which uses Real Time Clock (RTC) for timer setting purpose. The watering clock system shows the timer of watering session on LCD to ensure the user know their lawn and garden have been watered. The proposed system using the Arduino UNO, IoT Platform and Wi-Fi modules is able to immediately notify consumer to control water losses.
High performance copper-tungsten @graphene composites materials
Authors: Ding Yi , Liu BeiYang , Li MengLin , Hao LiuCheng , Zhu ZhiXiang , Han Yu , Ma FeiYue , Xiang ZhongHua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe contacts and fingers in the traditional high-voltage circuit breakers are all made of copper-tungsten alloy materials by powder metallurgy process at present. The conductivity and hardness of existing materials have reached the bottleneck, which can’t meet the requirements of working conditions. Graphene has good electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and high specific surface area. Doped into the traditional copper-tungsten alloy, graphene is expected to greatly improve the electrical conductivity and hardness of copper-tungsten electric contacts, which could make the alloy have excellent mechanical and electrical properties at the same time. It has become the main development direction of current electrical contact materials research. In this paper, the research progress of strengthening methods of traditional copper-tungsten electric contact materials by graphene and other reinforcing agents is systematically reviewed, and the strengthening mechanism of graphene on copper-tungsten electric contact materials is explored, which can provide technical guidance for the development and application of new high strength and high conductivity graphene-reinforced copper-tungsten electric contact materials with new performance and long electrical life.
Statistical analysis of the corrosion inhibition performance of three inorganic compounds on mild steel acid media
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Loto Cleophas A. , Okeniyi Joshua , Olanrewaju Gabriel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSodium benzoate, zinc benzoate and zinc bromide were studied for their corrosion inhibition effect on mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 and HCl solution. Data obtained showed the performance of the inorganic compounds significantly varied with respect to exposure time. Zinc bromide (ZBM) exhibited the most effective inhibition performance on mild steel in H2SO4 solution with optimal inhibition value of 90.96% at 50% concentration, corresponding to corrosion rate of 1.330 mm/y. Sodium benzoate (SB) displayed the least effective inhibition performance with optimal value of 50.5% at 70% concentration corresponding to corrosion rate of 7.284 mm/y. Zinc benzoate (ZB) performed most effectively in HCl solution with inhibition value of 70.17% at 50% inhibitor concentration corresponding to corrosion rate of 1.251 mm/y while zinc bromide contrary to its performance in H2SO4 solution displayed weak inhibition performance in HCl solution with peak value 55.40% at 30% concentration corresponding to corrosion rate of 1.870 mm/y. Statistical data showed in H2SO4 solution, inhibitor concentration significantly influenced the inhibition performance of ZB and ZBM compounds with values of 98.37% and 94.57%. The effect of exposure time was negligible but statistically relevant. The statistical relevance value obtained for SB inhibitor concentration and exposure time are 65.96% and 25.20%. In HCl solution, the statistical relevance of ZBM and ZB exposure time at 58.4% and 41.51% is greater than the corresponding value for concentration at 32.46% and 38.14%. However, SB concentration overwhelmingly influenced the performance of SB compound at statistical relevance value of 95.75%.
Effect of solution treatment on duplex stainless steel weld microstructure of deep-penetration TIG welding
Authors: Ying Zou , Qingfeng Zeng , Lei Li , Yunrui Mao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The double-layer gas shielded welding method was adopted in this study. The pure argon gas was used in the inner layer, while a small amount of active gas was added to the outer layer. The welding efficiencies and phase ratios in weld microstructure of 2205 duplex stainless steel under different outer shielding gas conditions were compared. Different solution treatment conditions were applied to the welded joints after welding to explore the effect of solution treatment temperature and time on the weld microstructure. The experimental results showed that the welding efficiency could be improved effectively by adding a proper amount of active gas into the outer protective gas. Proper solution treatment could increase the austenite phase proportion in 2205 duplex stainless steel welds. With the increase of the solution temperature and time, the content of austenite gradually increased, the grain became fine, and the two phases were of uniform distribution.
Temperature field simulation and solidification structure during laser hot wire cladding process
Authors: Li Wen-Quan , Liu Peng-Wei , Liu Xin-Gang , Zhao Ying-Jie , Yamamoto Motomichi , Zhu Song , Sugio Kenjiro , Sasaki Gen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, a heat source model designed explicitly for rectangular laser heat sources was developed to simulate the temperature field during the laser hot wire cladding process. The influence of the temperature field on the solidified microstructure was investigated. The difference in morphology and size of solidified microstructure was mainly caused by temperature gradient and cooling rate. The grain morphology in the edge region was mainly columnar crystal with small size. The grain morphology in the central area was mainly equiaxed crystals with the larger size. This study provided a reference for understanding the characteristics of the solidification microstructure and its formation during laser hot wire cladding process.
Influence of perforations on the reduction of the compressive strength of corrugated cardboard
Authors: Sarcevic Iva , Svetec Diana Gregor , Banic Dubravko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Perforations on corrugated cardboard boxes serve as a separation line for converting the transport packaging into the shelf-ready display tray. Various perforations placed on different sides of the case affect the structural integrity of the transportation box. The objective of this paper is to determine how much the compressive strength decreases under the influence of perforations and which of the explanatory variables: type of perforation, angle of perforation position or quality of perforated corrugated cardboard, affect the strength of corrugated cardboard the most. Samples were cut from 3 quality of E-flute corrugated cardboard and 3 types of perforations were positioned in 5 defined directions. The samples with and without perforation were measured using an edge crush tester and then compared. Further analysis showed that the angle of the perforation had the greatest effect on the compressive strength. The overall results show that the position of the perforation at an angle of 0° has the greatest influence on the reduction of the compressive strength for all quality of the corrugated cardboard and for all types of perforations, while the reduction of the compressive strength is the lowest at an angle of 70°.
Microstructure and properties of Cu-Cr and Cu-Cr-Mg alloys under different processing conditions
Authors: Peng Lijun , Sun Yuqing , Ma Wanjun , Liu Feng , Ma Jimiao , Huang Guojie , Xie Haofeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cu-0.5Cr (wt%) and Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Mg (wt%) alloys were manufactured in this study to analyse the relationship between the physical properties and microstructure under different states. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the microstructures of the alloys following homogenization, hot-rolled, solid solution, cold-rolled and aging. The results showed that insoluble Cr phases existed in copper chromium and copper chromium magnesium alloys after holding at 925°C for 12 h for homogenization and hot rolling deformation of 80%, and Mg elements prevented the segregation of Cr phases at grain boundaries. After solution treatment by holding at 1000°C for 1 h, the mean grain size of both alloys were 299 nm and 81 nm, respectively, and the volume fraction of undissolved Cr phase was 0.4% and 0.2%, respectively. After 60 % cold deformation treatment, the hardness of the two alloys increased significantly as a result of the work hardening caused by the generation of dislocation. In the aging stage of 450°C for 1 h, lots of Cr precipitates were found in Cu-0.5Cr and Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Mg alloys, with a corresponding hardness of 162.8 HV and 170.1 HV and electrical conductivity of 82.9% IACS and 77.8% IACS, respectively.
Evaporation of fentanyl from ceramics for pulmonary drug delivery: a pilot study
Authors: Vazda Amina , Xia Wei , Engqvist Håkan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fast and non-invasive pain relief has been one of the primary goals in patient care. One suggested solution is to target the lungs, which allows the drug to be absorbed on a large surface area resulting in a very fast onset reaction. Ceramics possess great properties such as adjustable porosity and mild manufacturing conditions making them good candidates for drug delivery systems. Fentanyl is a very suitable component for treating acute and chronic pain due to its short duration of action. In this study, the possibility of using heat to evaporate fentanyl from ceramics for pulmonary drug delivery was evaluated. A slightly modified commercially available product (PAX 3) was used for the evaporation of fentanyl. Calcium sulfate was used as the drug carrier, i.e. by heating the fentanyl loaded calcium sulfate, fentanyl is released and can be inhaled. The ceramic loaded with fentanyl was heated to 230-250°C for 1-10 minutes and the vapor was collected in a syringe. The evaporated drug was collected and quantified with HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography). It was possible to evaporate up to 1.2 μg of the applied drug, while the remaining drug was left in the ceramic. Furthermore, unknown peaks were detected by the HPLC when the ceramics were exposed to higher temperatures and longer heating times. The results showed that it was possible to evaporate fentanyl from ceramics at temperatures below 250°C.
Study on Kinetics of GB and GD hydrolysis by Peroxides with a way of fluoride ion-selective electrode
Authors: Xu Mengxue , Wang Lianyuan , Zhu Haiyan , Zhang Hongpeng , Zhou Chaohua , Miao Ting 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fluoride ion-selective electrode was widely used in trace F- test of food, medicinal materials and various water sources, etc.. It could also be used to monitor the concentration change of F- produced by GB and GD (G agents) hydrolysis. In this paper, two sorts of peroxide solutions, 1% sodium percarbonate (SPC) and 1 % sodium percarbonate combined with 0.9 % acetylsalicylic acid solution (SPC-Aspirin), worked as decontamination solutions (decon solutions). In view of the effect of ionic strength of decon solution on F- activity, calibration for linear correlation between the concentrations of standard F- aqueous in decon solutions and its related values showeded on the meter with a fluoride ion-selective electrode was firstly done, kinetic experiments of GB and GD hydrolysis were carried subsequently. Results showed that the components of HOO- in SPC and CH3COOO- in SPC-Aspirin played the major role in catalyzing G agents hydrolysis. The stronger nucleophilicity of decon solution was, the faster G agents hydrolyzed. The first order rate constants of GB and GD hydrolysis in SPC-Aspirin solution were 6.8×10-2 s-1 and 5.8×10-2 s-1, respectively, both above 10 times greater than that in SPC solution. Consequently, the nucleophilicity of CH3COOO- was stronger than HOO-. Due to relatively higher stereo-hindrance effect of GD with pinacolyl group, GD hydrolyzed more slowly than GB.
Research on main defects and prevention measures of metal material welding based on ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology
Authors: Ren Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the welding process of metal materials, defects often occur due to various factors, which not only affect the welding quality, but also adversely affect the properties of materials. In order to control these defects, it is necessary to take corresponding measures according to the actual situation in the welding process. With the development of society, ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology is widely used in industrial field. It can detect the internal damage of the tested object with simple operation and good performance. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology is used to detect hidden defects in welding of metal materials, which can effectively ensure the service performance of metal materials. In this paper, the main defects and preventive measures of metal welding based on ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology are discussed.
Mesoscale simulation on the shock response of functionally graded Al-PTFE material
Authors: Tang Le , Hu Die , He Suo , Ge Chao , Jiang Zengrong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the shock response of functionally graded Al-PTFE granular composites is firstly investigated by means of mesoscale simulations. A tailored arrangement of granular filler is infiltrated with matrix to study the effects of density gradient on mechanical and chemical characteristics of the material under impact loading. Based on the shock wave propagations, noticeable differences among pressure, temperature, and strain response are visualized at the grain-level. Results demonstrate that higher pressure is concentrated in the shock wave front and decrease over time. Moreover, a much greater energy-releasing and higher strain deformation exhibit along the grain/matrix interfaces. Compared with uniform reactive material, the functionally graded reactive material with decreased density gradient has a higher initial velocity in wave propagation, and the sample with increased density gradient has superior capability in wave attenuation, and a higher level of hot-spots concentration.
Effects of defects on magnetic properties of molybdenum doped indium oxide
Authors: Ma Jianping , Chen Jingjing , Huang Erchuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on density functional theory, this paper systematically calculated the effects of different Mo doping concentrations and neutral intrinsic defects on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Mo-doped In2O3 (IMO) systems. Studies have shown that the magnetic properties of the IMO system are mainly derived from the hybridization of doped Mo atoms and neighboring O atoms, and as the Mo doping concentration increase, the total magnetic moment of the IMO system also increases, and the magnetic properties increase. In the same configuration, VO, Oi, VIn, and Ini were introduced, and the magnetization energies were 107.29 meV, 2.21 meV, 0.24 meV and-703.72 meV, respectively. Except for the system containing Ini, it transformed into an antiferromagnetic ground state, Others still exhibit ferromagnetic coupling, which shows that different intrinsic defects have a regulatory effect on doping magnetism.
Mathematical analysis of Van der Pauw’s method for measuring resistivity
Authors: Geng Yihui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Van der Pauw method has tremendous significance in measuring material resistivity in arbitrary shapes. The extended Van der Pauw method can be used to measure the resistivity of anisotropic materials or even materials with holes without enormous measurements or calculations. However, the method requires that the material be thin enough to be considered quasi-two-dimension, and the measurement of equivalent resistance is largely influenced by contact resistance. This paper aims to find the factors that influence the measurement’s accuracy by formula analyzing, trying to improve the precision of Van der Pauw’s measurement.
Study on bonding strength and layer structure design of TiAlSiN multilayer gradient coating
Authors: Wu Yan , Guo Zhiyuan , Li Zhaoyang , Wang Bing , Chen Qiang , Zhang Ergeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Compared with TiN coating and TiAlN coating, the TiAlSiN superhard coating has more outstanding comprehensive properties. However, the TiAlSiN superhard coating has different physical properties from the substrate, which causes large internal stress at the interface, and reduces the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate. In this paper, according to the design criteria of nano-micron multilayer structure coating, a multilayer gradient TiAlSiN coating is designed to improve the bonding strength of TiAlSiN superhard coating, and studying the bonding strength and mechanical properties after high temperature oxidation of TiAlSiN multilayer gradient coatings prepared by cathodic arc ion plating. The results show that the designed multilayer gradient structure TiAlSiN coating has four layers: TiN layer, TiAlN layer, TiAlSiN layer and TiSiN layer. The bonding strength of the TiAlSiN multilayer gradient coating conforms to the industrial grade HF1 and it maintains good bonding properties and mechanical properties in a high temperature environment below 1000°C. It is expected to provide reference for the study and design of improving the bonding strength of the coating.
Rheological and mechanical properties of automobile polypropylene/silica (PP/SiO2) nanocomposites
Authors: Sui Yang , Cui Yi , Cong Chuanbo , Meng Xiaoyu , Zhou Qiong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The research of automotive materials is mainly focused on the lightweight and low pollution. Polypropylene (PP) has become the hot spot of automobile materials due to its low cost, low density, and low pollution. However, it is necessary to modify PP due to the poor toughness, high shrinkage and poor weather resistance. The requirements for automotive PP are high toughness, high strength, high impact resistance and high melt flowability. In this paper, PP/SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by a mixing machine and a twin-screw extruder. The effects of SiO2 particles contents on the rheological and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The results show that SiO2 spheres play a lubricating role in the matrix, which improves the processability of PP without sacrificing its mechanical properties.
Research Progress in Intrinsic Self-healing Polyurethane Materials Based on Dynamic Reversible Non-covalent Bonds
Authors: Ke Ruoyi , Lin Zhaowen , Zhang Hongbo , Zhou Shilin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer with great capabilities like high elasticity, low-temperature resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. However, it will inevitably be damaged in processing or long-term use, which will shorten the service life of the material and increase the potential safety hazards. The widespread use of polyurethanes has given researchers more motivation to make polyurethanes self-healing, thereby eliminating material damage and potential safety hazards to a certain extent. This paper mainly reviews the self-healing mechanism and the research progress of intrinsic self-healing polyurethanes based on dynamic reversible non-covalent bonds, including H-bonding, metal-ligand, π-π and host-guest interactions. This paper holds that the non-covalent self-healing polyurethane can repair cracks repeatedly without adding a repair agent by introducing the above non-covalent reversible bonds into the polyurethane with good mechanical properties. Various types of reversible bonds provide a variety of options for self-healing. In addition, through the research on the preparation, mechanical properties, and self-healing ability of various self-healing polyurethanes, this paper summarizes and analyzes the prospect and existing problems of self-healing polyurethanes. In the future, researchers should focus on solving the existing deficiencies. This paper looks forward to finding a better scheme to improve the performance of self-healing polyurethanes and preparing ideal self-healing polyurethane materials that appear in the public’s field of vision. This paper is written to provide help for the research of self-healing PU and accelerate the transformation of the world to green development.
Self-toughening of epoxy resin by introduction of highly crosslinked thermoset epoxy microspheres
Authors: Wu Xiao , Hung Xinzuo , Zhang Shuwei , Yang Maowei , Su Tao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The theories and technologies concerning polyolefin toughening with rubber or inorganic rigid particle have been studied comprehensively, the results indicated that the toughening with rubber always lowers the modulus and heat resistance of materials. Also, toughening with inorganic rigid particle is not good because of its low dispersion and miscibility with epoxy resin. Monodisperse epoxy microspheres (EMs) with high crosslinking density were prepared with Polypropylene glycol with molecular weight of 600 as the reaction solvent and trifunctional epoxy resin (TDE-85) and aromatic diamine (DETDA) as the precursors. The formation of EMs was investigated in detail. The crosslinked microspheres were used as toughening agent to realize DGEBA/DDS system self- toughening. When adding 5wt% epoxy microspheres, the impact strength improved by 87% and Tg increased more than 6 °C. The results show that the prepared epoxy microspheres with high crosslinking density can not only greatly improve the toughness of epoxy resin, but also improve its heat resistance.