bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dupilumab significantly improves skin barrier function in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Berdyshev Evgeny , Goleva Elena , Bissonnette Robert , Bronova Irina , Bronoff Anna Sofia , Richers Brittany N. , Garcia Shannon , Ramirez‐Gama Marco , Taylor Patricia , Praestgaard Amy , Agueusop Inoncent , Jurvilliers Pauline , Boguniewicz Mark , Levit Noah A. , Rossi Ana B. , Zhang Annie , Leung Donald Y. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by abnormal skin lipids that are largely driven by hyperactivated type 2 immune responses. The antibody to the α‐subunit of interleukin (IL)‐4 receptor, dupilumab, was recently approved to treat AD and demonstrated strong efficacy. However, the role of dupilumab therapy in the regulation of skin barrier structure and function has not been fully explored.MethodsWe have evaluated the content of lipids and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in lesional and non‐lesional skin of adults and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD over the course of 16‐week treatment with dupilumab and compared those values with that of matched healthy volunteers.ResultsDupilumab treatment provided a significant decrease in TEWL in AD lesions, lowering it almost to the levels seen in the skin of healthy subjects. Blocking IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling with dupilumab normalized lipid composition (decreased levels of ceramides with non‐hydroxy fatty acids and C18‐sphingosine and increased the level of esterified omega‐hydroxy fatty acid‐containing ceramides) and increased ceramide chain length in lesional as well as non‐lesional stratum corneum of AD patients. Partial changes for these parameters were already observed after 2 weeks, with a full response achieved after 8 weeks of dupilumab treatment.ConclusionsInhibition of IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling by dupilumab allows restoration of skin lipid composition and barrier function in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.
Knowing by DEAF‐listening: Epistemologies and ontologies revealed in song‐signing
Authors: Robinson Kelly Fagan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEnglish speech and hearing are perceived by many in the UK population as the key ways that people listen, learn, and know. This often‐invisible assumption quietly colors almost every element of social interaction—within schooling, health, governance, social care, or in art and entertainment. This article unpacks the ways that a particular kind of sensorial bias can become embedded in knowledge‐making practices to the exclusion of other possibilities. Through ethnographic appraisal of signed versions of songs—“song‐signing”—one can witness how language and listening rigidities are built into the architecture of British social behaviors and public systems. I argue that attending to rigid perceptions concerning ways of listening as regards expectations of song experiences, and more broadly, presents a means for exposing invisible epistemic bias and injustice against deaf people. Throughout this text, readers are asked to alter expectations concerning sensory perception and definitions of listening. What this article ultimately explains is why what may seem to nonsigners to be an anodyne creative act of “song interpretation” in fact feeds into a political landscape that is divisive along sensorial and therefore epistemic and ontological lines.
How much of the world economy is state‐owned? Analysis based on the 2005–20 Fortune Global 500 lists
Authors: Kwiatkowski Grzegorz , Gołębiowska Marlena , Mroczek Jakub 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the share of state‐owned enterprises on the Fortune Global 500 lists from 2005 to 2020. The purpose is to answer two research questions—what is the share of SOEs among the world's largest companies, and is this share increasing over the years? Regarding studies of large sets of companies, the novelty of this article is the method in which SOEs were identified—based on the criterion of actual corporate control of the state and not the threshold of state ownership. The results show that the share of SOEs in the group of the world's largest companies is higher than indicated in previous similar studies, and this value has increased significantly over the last 15 years. In 2005, there were 64 SOEs on the list; in 2020, there were 141 (with the highest number—142—in 2015). In this period, the share of SOEs in revenues doubled (to almost 30%), in assets more than tripled and the total number of employees from SOEs from the list more than doubled. However, these increases were almost solely due to the growth of the Chinese economy, which resulted in more Chinese SOEs being included on the list.
Review article: Epidemiology of coeliac disease
Authors: Makharia Govind K. , Chauhan Ashish , Singh Prashant , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: July 2022

SummaryCoeliac disease is an immune‐mediated disease caused by ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Coeliac disease has been thought to affect mainly people of European origin but subsequently many studies revealed that it affects people living in North America, Oceania, South America, Asia as well as Africa. The global pooled seroprevalence and prevalence of biopsy‐confirmed coeliac disease are 1.4% and 0.7% respectively. The pooled incidence rates in women and men are 17.4 (95% CI: 13.7‐21.1) and 7.8 (95% CI: 6.3‐9.2) per 100 000 person‐years respectively. The systematic reviews, based on many population‐based data, suggest that both the prevalence and the incidence of coeliac disease has increased over past three decades, which may be attributable not only to an increase in the detection rate (improvement in diagnostic tests, simplification of diagnostic criteria and increase in awareness about the disease) but also because of modernisation and globalisation related changes in the dietary practices including increase in the use of convenience food and dietary gluten. In addition to genetic factors, while there are many environmental risk factors, including age at the first introduction of gluten, breastfeeding, caesarean section, exposure to antibiotics and gut microbiome; the amount of gluten ingestion during early part of life, however, has been shown to increase the risk of coeliac disease, and this is relevant from the point of view of primary prevention. In this review, we have reviewed and summarised the literature, up till year 2021, related to the global and continent‐wise epidemiology and risk factors associated with coeliac disease.
Review article: Systemic consequences of coeliac disease
Authors: Laurikka Pilvi , Kivelä Laura , Kurppa Kalle , Kaukinen Katri 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe best‐known symptoms of coeliac disease are related to the gastrointestinal tract, but the disease may also present with various systemic manifestations outside the intestine. Some of these consequences may remain permanent in undiagnosed individuals or if the diagnostic delay is prolonged. However, for many of the systemic manifestations, the scientific evidence remains scant and contradictory.Aims and MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the most thoroughly studied and clinically relevant systemic consequences of coeliac disease, especially those that could be prevented or alleviated by early diagnosis. The review is intended particularly for physicians encountering these patients in daily clinical practice.ResultsThe possible systemic consequences of coeliac disease extend to multiple organ systems, the best studied of which are related to skeletal, reproductive, cardiovascular and neurological systems. Furthermore, the disease is associated with an elevated risk of psychiatric comorbidities, non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and intestinal adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsThe various systemic consequences of coeliac disease play a significant role in the overall health of patients. Early diagnosis and treatment with a gluten‐free diet appear to be beneficial for most, but not all of these conditions. The possible negative metabolic and psychosocial effects of the diet should be acknowledged during follow‐up.
Dendrochronological analysis of bowed and plucked instruments from the San Pietro a Majella Conservatory, Naples
Authors: Bernabei Mauro , Bontadi Jarno , Sisto Luigi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Museo Storico Musicale of the San Pietro a Majella Conservatory of Music in Naples owns a collection of over 200 musical instruments of considerable historical importance. Within the collection, 30 bowed and plucked instruments representative of the Neapolitan violin‐making tradition were analysed dendrochronologically to date them, estimate the provenance of the wood and investigate the instruments’ construction characteristics. The values of the statistical cross‐dating tests were generally high and allowed 26 instruments to be dated. In all but one case, the dates were consistent with those of the catalogue. From the perspective of wood selection, we noted an unusual use of very old spruce wood, well beyond simple seasoning. The construction technique of the soundboard and other characteristics show good similarities with instruments analysed in other Italian collections. Thus, even in Neapolitan instruments, the growth rings are smaller in small instruments and larger in cellos or double basses. In conclusion, the Neapolitan violin‐making school has shown great care in the choice of wood, most coming from regions as far away as Germany or Switzerland, thus confirming the existence of an active large‐scale trade in wood for the production of musical instruments.
Optimal dosing of enoxaparin in overweight and obese children
Authors: Derbalah Abdallah , Duffull Stephen , Sherwin Catherine M. , Job Kathleen , Al‐Sallami Hesham 
Published: July 2022

AimCurrent enoxaparin dosing guidelines in children are based on total body weight. This is potentially inappropriate in obese children as it may overestimate the drug clearance. Current evidence suggests that obese children may require lower initial doses of enoxaparin, therefore the aim of this work was to characterise the pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin in obese children and to propose a more appropriate dosing regimen.MethodsData from 196 unique encounters of 160 children who received enoxaparin treatment doses were analysed. Enoxaparin concentration was quantified using the chromogenic anti factor Xa (anti‐Xa) assay. Patients provided a total of 552 anti‐Xa samples. Existing published pharmacokinetic (PK) models were fitted and evaluated against our dataset using prediction‐corrected visual predictive check plots (pcVPCs). A PK model was fitted using a nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling approach. The fitted model was used to evaluate the current standard dosing and identify an optimal dosing regimen for obese children.ResultsPublished models of enoxaparin pharmacokinetics in children did not capture the pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin in obese children as shown by pcVPCs. A one‐compartment model with linear elimination best described the pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin. Allometrically scaled fat‐free mass with an estimated exponent of 0.712 (CI 0.66‐0.76) was the most influential covariate on clearance while linear fat‐free mass was selected as the covariate on volume. Simulations from the model showed that fat‐free mass‐based dosing could achieve the target anti‐Xa activity at steady state in 77.5% and 78.2% of obese and normal‐weight children, respectively, compared to 65.2% and 75.5% for standard total body weight‐based dosing.ConclusionsA population PK model that describes the time course of anti‐Xa activity of enoxaparin was developed in a paediatric population. Based on this model, a unified dosing regimen was proposed that will potentially improve the success rate of target attainment in overweight/obese patients without the need for patient body size categorisation. Therefore, prospective validation of the proposed approach is warranted.
Litter quality and stream physicochemical properties drive global invertebrate effects on instream litter decomposition
Authors: Yue Kai , De Frenne Pieter , Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Ferreira Verónica , Fornara Dario A. , Wu Qiqian , Ni Xiangyin , Peng Yan , Wang Dingyi , Heděnec Petr , Yang Yusheng , Wu Fuzhong , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTPlant litter is the major source of energy and nutrients in stream ecosystems and its decomposition is vital for ecosystem nutrient cycling and functioning. Invertebrates are key contributors to instream litter decomposition, yet quantification of their effects and drivers at the global scale remains lacking. Here, we systematically synthesized data comprising 2707 observations from 141 studies of stream litter decomposition to assess the contribution and drivers of invertebrates to the decomposition process across the globe. We found that (1) the presence of invertebrates enhanced instream litter decomposition globally by an average of 74%; (2) initial litter quality and stream water physicochemical properties were equal drivers of invertebrate effects on litter decomposition, while invertebrate effects on litter decomposition were not affected by climatic region, mesh size of coarse‐mesh bags or mycorrhizal association of plants providing leaf litter; and (3) the contribution of invertebrates to litter decomposition was greatest during the early stages of litter mass loss (0–20%). Our results, besides quantitatively synthesizing the global pattern of invertebrate contribution to instream litter decomposition, highlight the most significant effects of invertebrates on litter decomposition at early rather than middle or late decomposition stages, providing support for the inclusion of invertebrates in global dynamic models of litter decomposition in streams to explore mechanisms and impacts of terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric carbon fluxes.
Expanding narratives of governance constraints to improve coral reef conservation
Authors: Turner Rachel A. , Forster Johanna , Fitzsimmons Clare , Mahon Robin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo understand and address the failures of reef governance, it is critical to understand the perceptions of diverse policy makers and practitioners about the challenges they face in achieving their goals. Examining the discourse of policy makers and practitioners can reveal the extent to which these perceptions capture the full spectrum of potential governance challenges, including those related to management, institutional structures and processes, the values and principles underpinning governance, and the social and environmental context. We conducted semistructured interviews with 110 policy makers and practitioners across multiple sectors, scales, and contexts in Barbados, St Kitts and Nevis, Belize, and Honduras. We used thematic qualitative analysis informed by theories of interactive governance and governability to examine the challenges perceived by governance actors. Perceived governance challenges were broadly consistent across countries, but differed by sector (V= 0.819,F6,60= 1.502,p= 0.01) and by level (community compared with national) (V= 0.194,F1,10= 2.178, = 0.026). Management inputs and outputs, challenges relating to the socioeconomic context, issues of leadership and power, and stakeholder engagement were commonly cited challenges (>75%). Few respondents discussed challenges relating to the ecological context, governance processes, or the values and principles underpinning governance. We argue that examining perceptions can inform efforts to improve governance and assess the appropriateness of particular management tools under context‐specific governance constraints. Furthermore, expanding the narratives of governance challenges to encompass the subtle values and images underpinning governance, and the scale of the challenges faced, can help identify a wider set of opportunities for change.
Towards the Cape Town Document
Authors: Vawda Shahid , Denison Edward 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Modern Heritage of Africa (MoHoA) initiative was conceived at a critical confluence of existential planetary conditions and rising global inequality, exacerbated and accelerated by the Covid‐19 pandemic, the Ukraine ‐Russia war, and a resurgence of racism and extreme nationalism. These phenomena share a common root in being products of the modern age and yet, paradoxically, endanger its legacy through the pursuit of inequitable and unsustainable practices. It is one of the key questions and concerns for MoHoA. MoHoA seeks to decentre, reframe and reconceptualise the legacies of the recent past in light of these existential crises, and to acknowledge the inequitable ways in which this past has been researched and recorded, and consequently valorised and protected. This article addesses these issues in the context of African cultural heritage and the long duree of its global connections.
Tracing the origins of the STEM gender gap: The contribution of childhood spatial skills
Authors: Tian Jing , Ren Kexin , Newcombe Nora S. , Weinraub Marsha , Vandell Deborah Lowe , Gunderson Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite some gains, women continue to be underrepresented in many science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. Using a national longitudinal dataset of 690 participants born in 1991, we tested whether spatial skills, measured in middle childhood, would help explain this gender gap. We modeled the relation between 4th‐grade spatial skills and STEM majors while simultaneously accounting for competing cognitive and motivational mechanisms. Strong spatial skills in 4th grade directly increased the likelihood of choosing STEM college majors, above and beyond math achievement and motivation, verbal achievement and motivation, and family background. Additionally, 4th‐grade spatial skills indirectly predicted STEM major choice via math achievement and motivation in the intervening years. Further, our findings suggest that gender differences in 4th‐grade spatial skills contribute to women's underrepresentation in STEM majors.Research Highlights
Using a national longitudinal dataset, we found 4th‐grade spatial skills directly predicted STEM college major choice after accounting for multiple cognitive and motivational mechanisms.
Strong spatial skills in 4th grade also elevated STEM major choice via enhanced math achievement and motivation in the intervening years.
Gender differences in 4th‐grade spatial skills contributed to women's underrepresentation in STEM college majors.
Motor function and safety after allogeneic cord blood and cord tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells in cerebral palsy: An open‐label, randomized trial
Authors: Sun Jessica M. , Case Laura E. , McLaughlin Colleen , Burgess Alicia , Skergan Natalie , Crane Sydney , Jasien Joan M. , Mikati Mohamad A. , Troy Jesse , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate safety and motor function after treatment with allogeneic umbilical cord blood (AlloCB) or umbilical cord tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hCT‐MSC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodNinety‐one children (52 males, 39 females; median age 3 years 7 months [range 2–5 years]) with CP due to hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, stroke, or periventricular leukomalacia were randomized to three arms: (1) the AlloCB group received 10 × 107 AlloCB total nucleated cells (TNC) per kilogram at baseline (n = 31); (2) the hCT‐MSC group received 2 × 106 hCT‐MSC at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months (n = 28); (3) the natural history control group received 10 × 107 AlloCB TNC per kilogram at 12 months (n = 31). Motor function was assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure‐66 (GMFM‐66) and Peabody Developmental Motor Scale, Second Edition.ResultsInfusions (n = 143) were well tolerated, with eight infusion reactions (three in the AlloCB group, five in hCT‐MSC) and no other safety concerns. At 12 months, the mean differences (95% confidence intervals [CI]) between actual and expected changes in GMFM‐66 score were AlloCB 5.8 points (3.4–8.2), hCT‐MSC 4.3 (2.2–6.4), and natural history 3.1 (1.4–5.0). In exploratory, post hoc analysis, the mean GMFM‐66 score (95% CI) of the hCT‐MSC group was 1.4 points higher than natural history (−1.1 to 4.0; p = 0.27), and the AlloCB group was 3.3 points higher than natural history (0.59–5.93; p = 0.02) after adjustment for baseline Gross Motor Function Classification System level, GMFM‐66 score, and etiology.InterpretationHigh‐dose AlloCB is a potential cell therapy for CP and should be further tested in a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled trial.What this paper adds

Unrelated donor allogeneic umbilical cord blood (AlloCB) and human umbilical cord tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell infusion is safe in young children with cerebral palsy.
Significant changes in motor function were not observed 6 months after treatment.
One year later, treatment with AlloCB was associated with greater increases in Gross Motor Function Measure‐66 scores.
The constitution of ambiguity: The effects of constitutions on economic freedom
Authors: Murphy Ryan H 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article follows de Vanssay et al. (2005) in examining the effects of characteristics of constitutions on economic freedom, using data originating in the Database of Political Institutions. With recent data, correlational findings are reproduced and extended. However, introducing almost any degree of identification draws results strongly into question. There are strong reasons against placing confidence in a causal relationship between a broader array of constitutional characteristics and economic freedom. But the variables considered here do not include direct measures of democracy or civil liberties, whose positive effects on economic freedom have stronger support elsewhere in the literature.