bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Energy‐Consumption and Electret‐Free Photosynaptic Transistor Utilizing Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐Based Conjugated Block Copolymers
Authors: Yang Wei‐Chen , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Inagaki Shin , Shimizu Hiroya , Ercan Ender , Hsu Li‐Che , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Higashihara Tomoya , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeuromorphic computation possesses the advantages of self‐learning, highly parallel computation, and low energy consumption, and is of great promise to overcome the bottleneck of von Neumann computation. In this work, a series of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)‐based block copolymers (BCPs) with different coil segments, including polystyrene, poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P2VP), poly(2‐vinylnaphthalene), and poly(butyl acrylate), are utilized in photosynaptic transistor to emulate paired‐pulse facilitation, spike time/rate‐dependent plasticity, short/long‐term neuroplasticity, and learning−forgetting−relearning processes. P3HT serves as a carrier transport channel and a photogate, while the insulating coils with electrophilic groups are for charge trapping and preservation. Three main factors are unveiled to govern the properties of these P3HT‐based BCPs: i) rigidity of the insulating coil, ii) energy levels between the constituent polymers, and iii) electrophilicity of the insulating coil. Accordingly, P3HT‐b‐P2VP‐based photosynaptic transistor with a sought‐after BCP combination demonstrates long‐term memory behavior with current contrast up to 105, short‐term memory behavior with high paired‐pulse facilitation ratio of 1.38, and an ultralow energy consumption of 0.56 fJ at an operating voltage of −0.0003 V. As far as it is known, this is the first work to utilize conjugated BCPs in an electret‐free photosynaptic transistor showing great potential to the artificial intelligence technology.
Plant growth, soil properties, and microbial community four years after thermal desorption
Authors: Bartsch Zachary J. , DeSutter Thomas M. , Gasch Caley K. , Casey Francis X. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effects of thermal desorption (TD) on soil physical and chemical properties after crude oil contamination are recently well studied. However, there are limited field‐scale studies on long‐term soil biological property recovery such as microbial communities and plant growth, which are vital for meeting global agrosystem demands and restoring ecosystem health. This study describes the status of soil biological properties after 4 yr of crop production on oil‐contaminated cropland remediated via TD and a modified land farming technique. Plots were constructed in 2015 with native, uncontaminated topsoil (A); TD‐treated subsoil (TDU); untreated land‐farmed subsoil (SP); TDU + A (TDA), and SP + A (SPA) where soil ratios were 1:1 by volume, and composted manure (CM) was applied at 40 Mg ha‐1. After 3 yr of crop production (2019) grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was planted. Soil microbial community characteristics were assessed through phospholipid fatty acid analysis and by estimating mycorrhizal root colonization. Notably, inherent soil chemical and physical properties influenced the recovery of microbial communities in remediated soils. However, sorghum biomass production in TDU was 50 ± 9% greater than SP while the microbial abundance in these treatments remained similar. Mycorrhizal colonization variation likely reflected rhizosphere nutrient scarcity and not the interactions of either remediation strategy. Based on these results after 4 yr of cropping, TDU does not diminish soil microbial recovery, and when possible, blending TDU materials with topsoil provides the greatest level of recovery relative to topsoil only.
Deficient Rnf43 potentiates hyperactive Kras‐mediated pancreatic preneoplasia initiation and malignant transformation
Authors: Zhou Xian , Sun Zhichao , Zhang Mengdi , Qu Xiaoyu , Yang Shuhui , Wang Lianmei , Jing Yanling , Li Li , Deng Weiwei , Liu Fangming , Di Jin , Chen Jie , Wu Jian , Zhang Hongbing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLargely due to incidental detection, asymptomatic pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) have become prevalent in recent years. Among them, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) infrequently advances to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Conservative surveillance versus surgical intervention is a difficult clinical decision for both caregivers and PCL patients. Because RNF43 loss‐of‐function mutations and KRAS gain‐of‐function mutations concur in a subset of IPMN and PDAC, their biological significance and therapeutic potential should be elucidated.MethodsPancreatic Rnf43 knockout and Kras activated mice (Rnf43−/−; KrasG12D) were generated to evaluate their clinical significance in pancreatic pre‐neoplastic initiation and malignant transformation.ResultsLoss of Rnf43 potentiated the occurrence and severity of IPMN and PDAC in oncogenic Kras mice. The Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway was activated in pancreatic KrasG12D and Rnf43 knockout mice and the PORCN inhibitor LGK974 blocked pancreatic IPMN initiation and progression to PDAC accordingly.ConclusionsRnf43 is a tumor suppressor in the prevention of pancreatic malignant transformation. This genetically reconstituted autochthonous pancreatic Rnf43−/−; KrasG12D preclinical cancer model recapitulates the pathological process from pancreatic cyst to cancer in humans and can be treated with inhibitors of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Since the presence of RNF43 and KRAS mutations in IPMNs predicts future development of advanced neoplasia from PCLs, patients with these genetic anomalies warrant surveillance, surgery, and/or targeted therapeutics such as Wnt/β‐catenin inhibitors.
Establishment of Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue seeded after herbicide application
Authors: McFadden Dani , Fry Jack , Keeley Steve , Hoyle Jared , Raudenbush Zane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWeed control before seeding is often required for successful turfgrass establishment, since weed interference prior to turfgrass tillering causes a reduction of cover and density. However, herbicides differ widely in the delay required after herbicide application before seeding can occur without injury to seedlings. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of three selective postemergence grass, broadleaf, and sedge herbicides on the cover and density of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb.) seeded 0, 3, 7 or 14 d after herbicide application. Herbicide treatments included: an untreated control, 2,4‐D + 2‐(2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP) + dicamba (1.64 lb acid equivalent acre–1), quinclorac (0.75 lb a.i. acre–1), halosulfuron‐methyl (0.06 lb a.i. acre–1), and dithiopyr (0.50 lb a.i. acre–1), which was included for comparison. Seeding between 0 to 14 d after an application of 2,4‐D + MCPP + dicamba or quinclorac had little or no effect on Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue cover in Manhattan, KS, and Wooster, OH. Halosulfuron‐methyl reduced the cover of both turfgrass species when seeded 0 or 7 d after application. This research demonstrates that turfgrass managers who unknowingly seed into areas treated with 2,4‐D + MCPP + dicamba or quinclorac within 0 to 14 d after treatment are likely to observe successful establishment of Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue under the conditions evaluated in these experiments.
Efficient and selective oxidation of furfural into high‐value chemicals by cobalt and nitrogen co‐doped carbon
Authors: Liu Yun , Jiao Xiaopan , Zhang Fuli , Cheng Daojian , Qin Wensheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSupported non‐noble metal catalysts for the selective oxidation of furfural into high‐value chemicals have attracted considerable attention. Herein, an atom‐level‐isolated, cobalt‐catalyst‐supported N‐doped carbon (Co SAs‐N@C) was synthesized through a metal cobalt–tannic acid coordination assembly strategy. The obtained Co SAs‐N@C with 7.68 wt% of Co content was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, and X‐ray absorption fine structure techniques. From the structural properties, potassium thiocyanate poisoning, and acid leaching, it was found that the atomic‐dispersed CoNx species of the catalyst acts as the active site and plays a vital role in its highly effective oxidative esterification activity. The catalytic mechanism of this reaction is involved in radical oxidation, as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectra. The density functional theory calculations revealed that the reaction pathway proceeds as a hemiacetal pathway. Interestingly, the Co SAs‐N@C catalyst also showed satisfactory catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of furfural. Unexpectedly, the Co SAs‐N@C catalyst still possessed excellent stability and recyclability without loss of activity after five reuses.
The climate science for service partnership Brazil
Authors: Jones Chris D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman activities continue to warm our climate in ways unprecedented in thousands of years. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report confirms our role in this, and that more frequent and extreme events and impacts are being felt right now in all areas of the world. It is clear that we must adapt to some level of changes already occurring whilst also reducing our emissions to limit further damage and unmanageable impacts. What this means for society requires understanding at local levels to aide decision‐making. The Climate Science for Service Partnership Brazil (CSSP Brazil) supports collaborative research between Brazil and U.K. partners to improve climate resilience and sustainability with particular focus on Brazil but with underpinning capability applicable more widely.
Characterization of abnormalities in breast cancer images using nature‐inspired metaheuristic optimized convolutional neural networks model
Authors: Oyelade Olaide N. , Ezugwu Absalom E. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryConvolutional neural networks (CNN) are deep learning models widely reported as performing well in several image classification tasks. Training the networks for optimal performance is considered an NP‐hard problem. The combination of a metaheuristic algorithm with CNN has been proposed to address this problem because the metaheuristic algorithms have efficient performance, parameter tuning, and stagnation prevention methods. Moreover, there is now an increasing need to apply the best performing metaheuristic algorithm to optimize the parameters, training and learning rate of the CNN models. This study aims to investigate the best performing metaheuristic algorithm for fine‐tuning the weights, biases, and hyperparameters of CNN networks for solving the problem of characterization of abnormalities in breast images. Furthermore, hybrid models consisting of a CNN architecture and five representative metaheuristic algorithms to efficiently detect breast cancer abnormalities are presented. The adopted approach involves training a CNN network using genetic algorithm (GA), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), multiverse optimizer (MVO), satin bower optimization (SBO), and life choice‐based optimization (LCBO) algorithms to optimize only weights and bias of the model. Two categories of experiments were carried out: the first involved training of the CNN model, while the second involved optimizing the training of CNN model with metaheuristic algorithms. A comparative analysis of the impact of the proposed GA, WOA, MVO, SBO, and LCBO metaheuristic algorithms on the performance of the CNN architecture was carried out. Empirical and statistical analyses are presented to validate further the findings obtained in the study. Results obtained showed that MVO, SBO and LCBO outperformed GA, WOA. The classification accuracy obtained for CNN‐GA, CNN‐WOA, CNN‐MVO, CNN‐SBO, and CNN‐LCBO at the fifth epoch was 0.76, 0.75, 0.84, 0.80, and 0.86, respectively. At the same time, the traditional CNN achieved an accuracy of 0.66. The outcome of this study showed that contrary to widespread practice, physics‐based, biology‐based, and human‐based optimization algorithms promise better performance parameter tuning for CNN as compared with evolutionary‐based and swarm‐based metaheuristic algorithms.
A fine‐grained medical data sharing scheme based on federated learning
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Ying‐Hui , Li Yi‐Fei , Zheng Dong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of smart health, the privacy problem of medical data has become more prominent. Aiming at the problem of mining the potential value of medical data and realizing secure sharing, a fine‐grained medical data sharing scheme based on federated learning is proposed. The scheme uses collaboration‐oriented attribute‐based encryption technologies to formulate fine‐grained access strategies, allowing medical institutions or doctors to decrypt individually or collaboratively with certain conditions to achieve the purpose of accurately screening the required medical data. In the proposed scheme, the model parameters are shared such that the screened medical data is modeled and analyzed based on federated learning, which allows more people to enjoy top medical resources. In addition, a blockchain‐based incentive mechanism is used to reward medical institutions which are either honest with high‐quality or helpful in decryption. Hence, the enthusiasm of various medical institutions to screen data and participate in federal learning is improved. Finally, security analysis shows that the scheme is secure, and theoretical analysis and simulation test show the practicability of the scheme.
An efficient self‐healing network through quadratic probing optimization mechanism
Authors: A.D.C. Navin Dhinnesh , T Sabapathi , N Sundareswaran 
Published: January 2022

SummaryIn recent years, mobile networks have been widely used in wide range of applications. Complexity is one of the major issues in mobile networks. The best way to administer the complexity of recent mobile networks is self‐organizing networks. Whenever a fault occurs in the network or in a node, it must be identified and at the same time, healed from within for smooth operation. In this paper, self‐healing is achieved by using a quadratic probing optimization algorithm. This algorithm has a time complexity using O (log n). A self‐healing algorithm is proposed here that uses self‐healing mechanisms to detect, identify, and respond to node breaks.
Regional differences in precipitating factors of hospitalization for acute heart failure: insights from the REPORT‐HF registry
Authors: Tromp Jasper , Beusekamp Joost C. , Ouwerkerk Wouter , van der Meer Peter , Cleland John G.F. , Angermann Christiane E. , Dahlstrom Ulf , Ertl Georg , Hassanein Mahmoud , Perrone Sergio V. , Ghadanfar Mathieu , Schweizer Anja , Obergfell Achim , Filippatos Gerasimos , Dickstein Kenneth , Collins Sean P , Lam Carolyn S.P. 
Published: January 2022

AimsFew prior studies have investigated differences in precipitants leading to hospitalizations for acute heart failure (AHF) in a cohort with global representation.Methods and resultsWe analysed the prevalence of precipitants and their association with outcomes in 18 553 patients hospitalized for AHF in REPORT‐HF (prospective international REgistry to assess medical Practice with lOngitudinal obseRvation for Treatment of Heart Failure) according to left ventricular ejection fraction subtype (reduced [HFrEF] and preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF]) and presentation (new‐onset vs. decompensated chronic heart failure [DCHF]). Patients were enrolled from 358 centres in 44 countries stratified according to Latin America, North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Eastern Mediterranean and Africa, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Precipitants were pre‐with mutually exclusive categories and selected according to the local investigator's discretion. Outcomes included in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality. The median age was 67 (interquartile range 57–77) years, and 39% were women. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the most common precipitant in patients with new‐onset heart failure in all regions except for North America and Western Europe, where uncontrolled hypertension and arrhythmia, respectively, were the most common precipitants, independent of confounders. In patients with DCHF, non‐adherence to diet/medication was the most common precipitant regardless of region. Uncontrolled hypertension was a more likely precipitant in HFpEF, non‐adherence to diet/medication, and ACS were more likely precipitants in HFrEF. Patients admitted due to worsening renal function had the worst in‐hospital (5%) and 1‐year post‐discharge (30%) mortality rates, regardless of region, heart failure subtype and admission type (pinteraction >0.05 for all).ConclusionData on global differences in precipitants for AHF highlight potential regional differences in targets for preventing hospitalization for AHF and identifying those at highest risk for early mortality.
Markov‐based analysis for cooperative HARQ‐aided NOMA transmission scheme in 5G and beyond
Authors: Al‐Zubi Raed T. , Darabkh Khalid A. , Khattabi Yazid M. , Abu Issa Mohannad T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system, the non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme has recently been proposed as a possible candidate for improving spectral efficiency. We look at power‐domain NOMA in this study, in which, multiple simultaneous transmissions are allowed at the same channel with different transmission powers. To achieve reliable transmissions in NOMA, the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme can be integrated into NOMA. The performance of a downlink NOMA system using the Type I HARQ method is investigated in this research. This type of HARQ does not entail expensive device which is considered one of the requirements for a massive 5G‐based Internet of Things network. Unfortunately, in the literature, it has been shown that deriving closed‐form expressions for the outage probabilities of HARQ‐aided NOMA systems is intractable due to the incorporation of multiple fractional random variables. Consequently, in this article, we follow a simple yet efficient methodology to study our considered HARQ‐aided NOMA system. The HARQ‐assisted NOMA system on the downlink is modeled as an absorbing discrete‐time Markov chain (DTMC). Thereafter, under perfect and imperfect channel estimation, we use this model to examine system performance in terms of outage probability and estimated number of retransmissions. Interestingly, we demonstrate that our DTMC‐based analysis is straightforward, repeatable, and accurate. Moreover, in this article, we propose a cooperative HARQ (CHARQ) scheme for the downlink NOMA system. According to CHARQ, the users cooperate with the base station in the retransmission process that will result in improving the performance of NOMA. Monte Carlo simulations have been conducted to not only verify the accuracy of our DTMC‐based analysis, but also manifest the superiority of CHARQ over HARQ.
Immunomodulatory potential of phytochemicals and other bioactive compounds of fruits: A review
Authors: Maheshwari Shruti , Kumar Vivek , Bhadauria Geeta , Mishra Abhinandan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOur immune system depends on leucocytes or white blood cells which possess the power to produce antibodies to fight various disease‐causing pathogens. People have now realized the crucial role played by the immune system in keeping them healthy. Therefore, recent scenario has witnessed an upsurge in the demand of immunity boosting foods. The use of naturally available fruits as immunomodulators is so ubiquitous and just needs concrete scientific proofs for claiming its efficacy. Many studies have shown that fruits are abundant in bioactive compounds like vitamins (vitamin A, C, E, etc.), minerals, and phytochemicals (like β‐ carotene, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics, etc.). These components have the potential to enhance our immunity by supporting the proliferation of lymphocytes, scavenging free radical species, reducing oxidative stress, improving anti‐inflammatory as well as immunomodulatory mechanism, and supporting aggregation of platelets. Thus, supplementation of diet with an appropriate amount of fruits daily could support body's natural defense by strengthening our immune response. In this preface, we attempt to summarize the significant role played by various phytochemicals and bioactive compounds of fruits in boosting our immune system.
Comparison of physicochemical properties of different tissues from China climbing perch Anabas testudineus and crucian carp Carassius auratus
Authors: Luo Qiulan , Zha Guangcai , Lin Liyun , Huang Yongping , Zou Xianghui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate nutrition in climbing perch Anabas testudineus which is an important nutritious economic freshwater fish in Asia and compare with Carassius auratus (crucian carp). Three kinds of tissues, including muscle, livers, and eggs, were isolated, respectively. Physicochemical properties including moisture, ash, protein, amino acids, fat, vitamins, and calcium contents in those tissues were determined. The results showed climbing perch muscle and liver contained less moisture, but more protein, amino acids, and vitamins than crucian carp muscle and liver. While moisture, ash, protein, and total amino acids contents of climbing perch egg were lower than those of crucian carp egg. Climbing perch egg had more fat, vitamins, and calcium than crucian carp egg. The amino acid profile was also performed, and 16 amino acids were identified and quantified in muscle, liver, and egg. Among tissues, the highest and lowest concentration of total amino acid content was found in crucian carp eggs and livers, respectively. Glutamic acid (Glu) and histidine (His) were the most and least amino acids in climbing perch and crucian carp tissues, respectively. Sixteen amino acids in climbing perch egg were less than those in crucian carp egg while it is an opposite case in muscle and liver, which amino acids of climbing perch tissues were more than those of crucian carp muscle and liver. Vitamin A of climbing perch was more than crucian carp in all three tissues, but vitamin E content in climbing perch liver was lower than that of crucian carp liver. Calcium content of muscle had no difference between two species. The abovementioned comparison of physicochemical properties of different tissues from China climbing perch and crucian carp will provide a necessary supplementary of freshwater muscle nutrition research, also was helpful for application of climbing perch.
Cuneiform (cuniculatum) variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma revisited: Presentation of two cases and literature review of a rare entity
Authors: Beute John E. , Seo Gabriella T. , Greenberg Lily A. , Mundi Neil , Dowling Eric M. , Matloob Ammar , Khorsandi Azita S. , Brandwein‐Weber Margaret , Urken Mark L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral carcinoma cuniculatum (OCC) is a rare, locally aggressive tumor, which tends to invade underlying bone. We present two cases of OCC, one demonstrating invasion of the mandible and the other limited to the tongue.MethodsAn 87‐year‐old male presented with a right‐sided buccogingival lesion. Biopsy results led to a diagnosis of verrucous hyperplasia, which was later revised to OCC. Additionally, a 94‐year‐old female presented with a left lateral tongue lesion. A biopsy showed in‐situ and invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma that was later defined as a soft tissue OCC.ResultsFollowing surgical resection, the diagnosis of OCC was established in both patients. We provide a comprehensive literature review of OCC in the context of both case presentations.ConclusionsOCC is a rare entity, which has a tendency to be misdiagnosed. We emphasize the importance of recognizing the common features of OCC in order to aid in accurate diagnosis.