bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative systemic inflammatory dysregulation and corticosteroids: a narrative review
Authors: Bain C. R. , Myles P. S. , Corcoran T. , Dieleman J. M. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryIn some patients, the inflammatory‐immune response to surgical injury progresses to a harmful, dysregulated state. We posit that postoperative systemic inflammatory dysregulation forms part of a pathophysiological response to surgical injury that places patients at increased risk of complications and subsequently prolongs hospital stay. In this narrative review, we have outlined the evolution, measurement and prediction of postoperative systemic inflammatory dysregulation, distinguishing it from a healthy and self‐limiting host response. We reviewed the actions of glucocorticoids and the potential for heterogeneous responses to peri‐operative corticosteroid supplementation. We have then appraised the evidence highlighting the safety of corticosteroid supplementation, and the potential benefits of high/repeated doses to reduce the risks of major complications and death. Finally, we addressed how clinical trials in the future should target patients at higher risk of peri‐operative inflammatory complications, whereby corticosteroid regimes should be tailored to modify not only the a priori risk, but also further adjusted in response to markers of an evolving pathophysiological response.
Targeting PYCR2 inhibits intraperitoneal metastatic tumors of mouse colorectal cancer in a proline‐independent approach
Authors: Zhang Qi , Luo Hai , Xun Jing , Ma Yuan , Yang Lei , Zhang Lanqiu , Wang Ximo , Yu Xiangyang , Wang Botao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhether proline deficiency is a metabolic vulnerability in colorectal tumors is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of proline metabolism‐related genes and exogenous proline on the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to further clarify the role of pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase (PYCR) 2, a key enzyme of proline synthesis, in the regulation of colorectal intraperitoneal metastatic tumors. This study was carried out based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, database analysis, single‐cell functional analysis, tissue microarray, cell experiments, and animal models. We found that, PYCR2 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in CRC. The mRNA level of PYCR2 was closely related to the prognosis and tumor metastasis of CRC patients. The upregulated PYCR2 expression was at least partly due to low promoter methylation levels. The nomogram constructed based on PYCR2 expression and clinical characteristics of CRC showed good accuracy in predicting lymph node metastasis. Pycr2 knockdown inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mouse CRC cells. Proline supplementation did not rescue the inhibition of mouse CRC cell proliferation and migration by Pycr2 knockdown. Proline supplementation also did not rescue the suppression of subcutaneous tumors and intraperitoneal metastatic tumors in mice by Pycr2 knockdown. PYCR2 co‐expressed genes in TCGA‐CRC were enriched in epigenetic modification‐related biological processes and molecular functions. Four small molecules with the lowest binding energy to the PYCR2 protein were identified. Collectively, Pycr2 knockdown inhibited mouse CRC progression in a proline‐independent approach. PYCR2 may be a promising tumor metastasis predictor and therapeutic target in CRC.
Long‐term limitations and complications of trans‐scleral diode laser cycloablation for refractory glaucoma
Authors: Scott Tabitha M. , Ting Eugene R. , Vincent Stephen J. , Lee Graham A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrans‐scleral diode laser cycloablation (cyclodiode) is effective in the short‐term management of refractory glaucoma where alternative treatments are not feasible. Long‐term outcomes of 5‐years or more are not well‐documented, particularly in relation to intraocular pressure (IOP) control, need for further procedures and complications such as hypotony and phthisis.MethodsA review was undertaken of patient medical records with refractory glaucoma who underwent cyclodiode at City Eye Centre in Brisbane from 2012 to 2016. Data included sex, age, laterality, type of glaucoma, cyclodiode parameters, number of glaucoma medications, visual acuity and treatment with acetazolamide. Data were analysed using generalised linear modelling and Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 54 eyes in 54 patients (29 M:25F) with a mean age of 66 years (range 15–85 years) with a minimum of 5 years follow up were included. The mean number of burns was 23.3 (range 12–40) over 180–270 degrees, mean power per burn was 1967 mW (range 1500–2000 mW), with a mean duration of 1981 ms (1500–2000 ms). The mean pre‐treatment IOP was 31.5 mmHg (range 17–56 mmHg) and mean IOP 5 years post‐treatment was 16.1 mmHg (2–42 mmHg). The mean number of pre‐treatment medications was 3.6 (range 1–6) and 2.7 (range 0–5) 5 years post treatment, including 5 (8.3%) on oral acetazolamide. Complications of cyclodiode were seen in 6 (11.1%) patients, including 3 (5.0%) cases of hypotony, and 2 (3.3%) phthisis.ConclusionCyclodiode is often utilised for end‐stage glaucoma when the IOP is uncontrolled on medical treatment and drainage surgery is not indicated, resulting in long‐term reduction of IOP and the number of medications, including acetazolamide. Hypotony and phthisis can be significant complications.
Establishment of neural stem cell culture from the central nervous system of the Iberian ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Seki‐Omura Ryohei , Hayashi Shinichi , Oe Souichi , Koike Taro , Nakano Yousuke , Hirahara Yukie , Tanaka Susumu , Kitada Masaaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUrodele amphibians have exceptional regeneration ability in various organs. Among these, the Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl) has emerged as a useful model organism for investigating the mechanisms underlying regeneration. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are an important source of regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) and their culture method in vitro has been well established. NSCs form spherical cell aggregates called neurospheres and their formation has been demonstrated in various vertebrates, including some urodele species, but not in P. waltl. In this study, we reported neurosphere formation in brain‐ and spinal cord‐derived cells of post‐metamorphic P. waltl. These neurospheres showed proliferative activity and similar expression of marker proteins. However, the surface morphology was found to vary according to their origin, implying that the characteristics of the neurospheres generated from the brain and spinal cord could be similar but not identical. Subsequent in vitro differentiation analysis demonstrated that spinal cord‐derived neurospheres gave rise to neurons and glial cells. We also found that cells in neurospheres from P. waltl differentiated to oligodendrocytes, whereas those from axolotls were reported not to differentiate to this cell type under standard culture conditions. Based on our findings, implantation of genetically modified neurospheres together with associated technical advantages in P. waltl could reveal pivotal gene(s) and/or signaling pathway(s) essential for the complete spinal cord regeneration ability in the future.
Skin‐on‐a‐chip strategies for human hair follicle regeneration
Authors: Jeong Subin , Na Yoojin , Nam Hyeon‐Min , Sung Gun Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe number of hair loss patients increases every year, and hair loss treatment has several limitations, so research on hair is attracting attention recently. However, most current hair follicle research models are limited by their inability to replicate several key functions of the hair follicle microenvironment. To complement this, an in vitro culture system similar to the in vivo environment must be constructed. It is necessary to develop a hair‐on‐a‐chip that implements a fully functional hair follicle model by reproducing the main characteristics of hair follicle morphogenesis and cycle. In this review, we summarize the gradation of hair follicle morphogenesis and the roles and mechanisms of molecular signals involved in the hair follicle cycle. In addition, we discuss research results of various in vitro organoid products and organ‐on‐a‐chip–based hair follicle tissue chips for the treatment of alopecia and present future research and development directions.
RETRACTED: A predictive typological content retrieval method for real‐time applications using multilingual natural language processing
Authors: Baskar S. , Dhote Sunita , Dhote Tejas , Jayanandini Gopalan , Akila Duraisamy , Doss Srinath 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNatural language processing (NLP) is widely used in multi‐media real‐time applications for understanding human interactions through computer aided‐analysis. NLP is common in auto‐filling, voice recognition, typo‐checking applications, and so forth. Multilingual NLP requires vast data processing and interaction recognition features for leveraging content retrieval precision. To strengthen this concept, a predictive typological content retrieval method is introduced in this article. The proposed method maximizes and relies on distributed transfer learning for training multilingual interactions with pitch and tone features. The phonetic pronunciation and the previous content‐based predictions are forwarded using knowledge transfer. This knowledge is modelled using the training data and precise contents identified in the previous processing instances. For this purpose, the auto‐fill and error correction data are augmented with the training and multilingual processing databases. Depending on the current prediction and previous content, the knowledge base is updated, and further training relies on this feature. Therefore, the proposed method accurately identifies the content across multilingual NLP models.
Gender and madness in nineteenth‐century Britain
Authors: Milne‐Smith Amy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor decades, the history of gender and madness was a story about women. Individuals deemed lunatics were universally treated as passive victims of medio‐legal forces beyond their control. New generations of scholars have looked beyond power binaries to interrogate the complex network of gender, class, family, and culture to place ‘the mad’ as historical actors in a complex and often contradictory story. This article reflects on some major themes in the British historiography of Victorian gender and madness since the mid‐20th century. It highlights how feminist and anti‐psychiatrist interdisciplinary works inspired new generations of historians to place gender at the forefront of studies of medical discourse about madness, lunatic asylums, and the experiences of those deemed insane. Recent literature on the history of gender and madness places itself as key to not only the history of medicine, but the history of Victorian Britain in general.
A retrospective analysis of the use of electronic consultation in general internal medicine
Authors: Lai Alison T. , Keely Erin , McCutcheon Tess , Liddy Clare , Afkham Amir , Frost David W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGeneral internists in Canada are subspecialty providers in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Electronic consultations (eConsult) allow primary care providers (PCPs) to virtually consult specialists to address clinical questions. There is a paucity of literature examining the utility and benefits of eConsults by general internists.AimsTo determine how an eConsult service is used to access general internists.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of internal medicine cases was completed between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019 via the ChamplainBASE eConsult service. Two authors derived and validated a general internal medicine (GIM)–specific taxonomy using the validated: (i) Taxonomy of Generic Clinical Questions; and (ii) Internal Classification for Primary Care. Two hundred seventy‐six cases were coded following taxonomy validation. ChamplainBASE utilisation summary and closeout survey data were also analysed.ResultseConsults were responded to in a median of 3.1 days and took 15 min to complete. The eConsult's helpfulness and educational value were rated as 4 to 5/5 and often provided advice for a new or additional course of action. In‐person referral was avoided in 40% of cases. The majority of eConsults consisted of a single question (88%) related to diagnostic clarification. The median remuneration per eConsult was $50.ConclusionsThe majority of eConsults to general internists sought diagnostic clarification and confirmed the view of general internists as expert diagnosticians. eConsults cost less than an in‐person consultation and were viewed favourably by PCPs. Further research can consider the eConsult provider experience and whether eConsults should become a required part of GIM ambulatory practice.
A prospective study of relationship and sexual satisfaction during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of dispositional vulnerabilities and external stressors
Authors: Vigl Julia , Talamini Francesca , Strauss Hannah , Zentner Marcel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a strong impact on many aspects of life, particularly social relationships. Although there is some evidence regarding short‐term effects of the pandemic on cohabitating couples or individuals, it is unclear to what extent these effects persist over time and whether they also apply to noncohabitating individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in relationship and sexual satisfaction among both cohabitating and noncohabitating individuals during the first year of the pandemic and to examine the extent to which these changes could be accounted for by personal vulnerabilities, pandemic‐related stressors, and their interaction.MethodWe assessed relationship and sexual satisfaction longitudinally with a cross‐national sample (N = 2859) that included five prospective measurement time points and analyzed the data with multilevel models.ResultsWe observed a decrease in relationship satisfaction over the course of the study, especially among noncohabitants. Sexual satisfaction, in turn, conformed to a quadratic trend among noncohabitants while changing only minimally in cohabitating individuals. Of the individual vulnerabilities examined, attachment avoidance was the greatest risk factor for both relationship and sexual satisfaction. Among pandemic‐related stressors, mobility restrictions had a negative impact into the relationship and sexual satisfaction of noncohabitating individuals.ConclusionsAlthough the pandemic generally showed negative effects on close relationships, these effects varied depending on the type of couple (cohabitants or noncohabitants), the component of relationship satisfaction (relationship satisfaction or sexual satisfaction), the time interval (curfew period or not), and also individual dispositions (especially attachment avoidance).
Meet all changes with constancy: The dynamic adaptation process of county governments in China
Authors: Cai Changkun , Shen Qiyao , Tang Na 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs their task environments become more unstable, public organizations must build their adaptive capacities. Treating the organization as a problem‐solving system, we constructed an institution‐process framework to analyze how China's local governments use processes and mechanisms to adapt to the task turbulence from higher‐up governments. Based on the experiences of three Chinese counties in dealing with the Targeted Poverty Alleviation task, we found that they built an institutionalized adaptation process that included attention allocation, decision‐making system construction, and boundary work in a turbulent task environment. These processes were embedded in specific institutional structures. We define this institutionalized adaptation process as dynamic conservatism. In this adaptation mode, China's local governments rarely observe and manage the environment; instead, they integrate their existing structural and stable elements to cope with the task turbulence generated by higher‐level governments.
How racialized policy contact shapes the social constructions of policy targets
Authors: Maltby Elizabeth , Kreitzer Rebecca J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolicy feedback scholars argue the relationship between policy and politics is dynamic and reciprocal. For instance, policies “make citizens,” teaching the public who deserves positive government treatment and who does not. Furthermore, individual experiences with policy shape participation and beliefs about government, which shapes future policy. But few scholars have examined how experiences with a law shape attitudes toward those targeted by policy. We use a survey of 3000 respondents on MTurk (including an over‐sample of people of color) to show how direct and indirect experience with policy shapes social constructions of politically relevant groups. Specifically, we examine how direct (personal) and indirect (via someone they know well) experience with two policy areas (criminal justice and social welfare) shape perceptions of the targets of criminal justice and welfare policy. We find the effect of policy contact is racialized; policy contact has a greater effect on white respondents compared to Black respondents. But despite this contact, whites' attitudes about groups' deservingness remain lower than those of their Black counterparts.
Perceived risk, emotions, and stress in response to COVID‐19: The interplay of media use and partisanship
Authors: Zhou Yanmengqian , Myrick Jessica Gall , Farrell Erina L. , Cohen Olivia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRelationships between risk perceptions, emotions, and stress are well‐documented, as are interconnections between stress, emotion, and media use. During the early COVID‐19 pandemic, the public responded psychologically to the threat posed by the pandemic, and frequently utilized media for information and entertainment. However, we lack a comprehensive picture of how perceived risk, emotion, stress, and media affected each other longitudinally during this time. Further, although response to the pandemic was highly politicized, research has yet to address how partisan affiliation moderated relationships between risk, emotion, stress, and media use over time. This three‐wave (N = 1021) panel study assessed the interplay of risk, emotion, stress, and media use for Americans with different political affiliations between March and May of 2020. Findings indicate that perceived risk, emotion, and stress at Time 1 predicted media use at Time 2, with predictors varying by type of media. Use of entertainment media and social/mobile media predicted later stress (Time 3), but news consumption did not. Later risk perceptions (Time 3) were not influenced by media use at Time 2. The predictors and consequences of different types of media use were notably different for Republicans and Democrats. In particular, risk perceptions predicted greater news use among Democrats but greater entertainment media use among Republicans. Moreover, social/mobile media use resulted in perceiving the risks of COVID‐19 as less serious for Republicans while increasing stress over time for Democrats.
Quantitative evaluation of sensitive skin by ANTERA 3D® combined with GPSkin Barrier®
Authors: Anqi S , Xiukun S , Ai'e X 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAt present, there are many different evaluation methods for sensitive skin, including subjective, semisubjective, and objective evaluation. Various objective tests focus on assessing changes in barrier functions. It is anticipated that the ANTERA 3D®, in combination with GPSkin Barrier®, will provide better evaluation of sensitive skin.MethodsA total of 20 subjects with sensitive skin and 20 healthy participants were recruited. Sensitive skin subjects were treated with an anti‐sensitive moisturizing tolerance‐extreme cream which has anti‐inflammatory and moisturizing effects, twice daily on the whole face for 28 days. VISIA® Skin Detector was used to record clinical images and red area. GPSkin Barrier® was used to measure TEWL and SCH. Texture, hemoglobin, and influenced area (mm2) were recorded using ANTERA 3D®. Subjects underwent skin tests and recorded changes at D0 and D28. Data were only collected from healthy participants who did not receive treatment as controls.ResultsTEWL, texture, hemoglobin, and affected area in sensitive skin group were significantly higher than those in healthy group, while SCH was significantly lower than that in healthy group (p all<0.05). After anti‐inflammatory and moisturizing treatment, the texture, hemoglobin, and affected area of sensitive skin decreased, TEWL decreased while SCH increased (p all<0.05).ConclusionsBased on the results, the combination of the ANTERA 3D® with GPSkin Barrier® could be used as a new kind of quantitative evaluation method for the detection and diagnosis of sensitive skin.
Cross‐country linkages between ASEAN and non‐ASEAN‐RCEP member states: A global VAR analysis
Authors: Raghavan Mala , Khan Faisal , Selvarajan Sonia Kumari , Devadason Evelyn S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe complex global value chains underlying the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) raise an important question on the macroeconomic (output, inflation, exchange rate, and interest rate) exposure of ASEAN to output shocks in the non‐ASEAN‐RCEP members, within the context of expanded regional architecture. This paper uses quarterly data from 1995 to 2018 to estimate a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model, specially constructed for the RCEP. The GVAR model disentangles the effects and spillovers from output shocks originating in the non‐ASEAN‐RCEP through various trade channels – direct and indirect, and total exports and foreign value‐added (FVA). The model also quantifies the impact of global (the price of oil and materials) shocks on ASEAN through trade linkages. The output shocks in the non‐ASEAN‐RCEP have persistent effects on output growth in ASEAN when transmitted through the intermediary FVA channel than the export channel. The FVA channel is also important for propagating global shocks in the form of oil and material prices. The findings confirm that output in ASEAN is also highly exposed to output shocks originating in the non‐ASEAN‐RCEP economies. The FVA trade channel is vital for explaining the spillovers from the regional output shocks and global price shocks.