bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Considerations for Next‐Generation Polymer Sorbents: From Polymer Chemistry to Device Configurations
Authors: Ouimet Jonathan Aubuchon , Xu Jialing , Flores ‐ Hansen Carsten , Phillip William A. , Boudouris Bryan W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdsorption‐based separations have the potential to enhance the sustainability of established industrial processes and facilitate the adoption of new practices. They also provide ways to meet emerging needs in the isolation of resources from non‐traditional supplies and the remediation of hazardous environmental contaminants. In this regard, there are significant opportunities to advance both fundamental polymer science and engineering applications through next‐generation adsorbent systems. Here, after briefly reviewing the history, potential application space, and underlying physics of polymer sorbents, design considerations that connect macromolecular design with systems‐level functionality, are discussed. First, polymer processing conditions are discussed in terms of the final nano‐ and microscale structures produced. Subsequently, the macromolecular chemistry of the materials is analyzed with respect to the ability of the separations systems to have analyte‐specific binding. Finally, a similar analysis is performed regarding the desorption mechanism used to release the target solutes. In this way, the manuscript attempts to connect macromolecular architecture with polymer physics and materials processing to provide guidance on how these important interrelationships impact the ultimate performance of sorbent systems.
Dual polarized reflectarray antenna for operation in X and Ku bands
Authors: Li Sen , Cai Yang , Cao Yufan , Zhang Baoling , Wu Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA stacked structure element consists of an arc phoenix patch and an I‐shaped slot is proposed for designing dual‐band reflectarray antenna. The arc phoenix element operates at Ku band, which above the I‐shaped slot element operating at X band. The advantages of this configuration are that the smaller size phoenix element has less shielding of the reradiation energy, and the property of the bottom substrate has no effect on up‐layer due to the I‐shaped element severs as ground plane. Furthermore, two orthogonal polarizations are produced by the radiation characteristics of the slot and the metal strip to eliminate coupling. Based on the element, a reflectarray antenna with a dimension of 140 mm generating two focused beams at orthogonal plane has been simulated, fabricated, and measured. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement in X and Ku bands.
Ethical ecosurveillance: Mitigating the potential impacts on humans of widespread environmental monitoring
Authors: Young Nathan , Roche Dominique G. , Lennox Robert J. , Bennett Joseph R. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Ecosurveillance has proliferated in recent years, generating vast amounts of data on the natural environment. Ecosurveillance also has significant potential impacts on humans; therefore, researchers and policymakers need new conceptual tools to anticipate and mitigate any negative effects.

Surveillance studies is an interdisciplinary field in the social sciences, providing a number of insights and practical lessons for predicting and managing the complex impacts (positive and negative, intended and unintended) of surveillance tools and practices.

We draw on surveillance studies literature to propose two tools to guide designers and practitioners of ecosurveillance—a ‘red flag checklist’ to anticipate potential problems, and a ‘considerations guide’ to inform design decisions across a wide range of ecosurveillance systems. These tools will help ensure that the coming era of ecosurveillance is guided by responsible and ethical practices towards wildlife and humans alike, while also realizing the potential of these technologies for improving environmental outcomes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Smartphone‐based Ecological Momentary Assessment to study “scanxiety” among Adolescent and Young Adult survivors of childhood cancer: A feasibility study
Authors: Heathcote Lauren C. , Cunningham Sarah J. , Webster Sarah N. , Tanna Vivek , Mattke Elia , Loecher Nele , Spunt Sheri L. , Simon Pamela , Dahl Gary , Walentynowicz Marta , Murnane Elizabeth , Tutelman Perri R. , Schapira Lidia , Simons Laura E. , Mueller Claudia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveScan‐related anxiety (“scanxiety”) refers to the fear, stress, and anxiety in anticipation of tests and scans in follow‐up cancer care. This study assessed the feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) for real‐world, real‐time capture of scanxiety using patients' personal smartphone.MethodsAdolescent and Young Adult survivors of childhood cancer were prompted to complete EMA surveys on a smartphone app three times per day for 11 days (33 surveys total) around their routine surveillance scans. Participants provided structured feedback on the EMA protocol.ResultsThirty out of 46 contacted survivors (65%) enrolled, exceeding the preregistered feasibility cutoff of 55%. The survey completion rate (83%) greatly exceeded the preregistered feasibility cutoff of 65%. Participants generally found the smartphone app easy and enjoyable to use and reported low levels of distress from answering surveys. Participants reported significantly more daily fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and negative affect in the days before compared to the days after surveillance scans, aligning with the expected trajectory of scanxiety. Participants who reported greater FCR and scanxiety using comprehensive measures at baseline also reported significantly more daily FCR around their surveillance scans, indicating validity of EMA items. Bodily threat monitoring was prospectively and concurrently associated with daily FCR, thus warranting further investigation as a risk factor for scanxiety.ConclusionsFindings indicate the feasibility, acceptability, and validity of EMA as a research tool to capture the dynamics and potential risk factors for scanxiety.
Low lymphocyte count: A clinical severity marker in infants with bronchiolitis
Authors: Matera Luigi , Nenna Raffaella , Frassanito Antonella , Petrarca Laura , Mancino Enrica , Rizzo Valentina , Di Mattia Greta , La Regina Domenico Paolo , Pierangeli Alessandra , Midulla Fabio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBronchiolitis is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in infants younger than 1 year of age. We sought to evaluate the correlation between lymphocyte count and clinical manifestation in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis.Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating 1297 children hospitalized for bronchiolitis from 2004 to 2019. A nasal washing was tested for 14 respiratory viruses by PCR. A clinical severity score, ranging 0–8, was assigned at hospital admission. History and clinical course were recorded for each infant. Patients were divided in 3 groups according to lymphocyte count tertiles. Parents of enrolled patients have been phoned annually over 5 years to evaluate respiratory sequelae.ResultsA total of 433 children had 2914.2 ± 745.5/mm3 lymphocytes (Group 1), 432 had 4897.6 ± 561.5/mm3 lymphocytes (Group 2) and 432 had 7884 ± 1903.3/mm3 lymphocytes (Group 3). Group 1 patients were more frequently infected by RSV and presented with fever, a worse clinical severity score. They more frequently needed oxygen supplementation, underwent a prolonged hospitalization needed to be admitted to pediatric intensive care unit. Finally, they had more frequently a family history of eczema, wheezing and asthma. We found no differences between lymphocytes count and respiratory sequelae (at least two episodes of wheezing per year).ConclusionsInfants with low lymphocyte count are more likely to have a worse clinical course of bronchiolitis.
Characterization of disulfide bridges pattern of recombinant human interleukin 12 fusion protein p40 subunit and identification and quantification of cysteinylated free cysteine 252
Authors: Datola Antonio , Melchiorre Maura , Baroni Fabio , Iozzino Luisa , Palmese Angelo 
Published: April 2022

RationaleWe show evidence of cysteinylation on Cys252 of recombinant human p40 subunit of interleukin 12 (IL‐12). This was reported in 1996. However, no paper detailing this concept has been published yet. Our paper reports the quantification of Cys252 cysteinylation as well as the full disulfide bridges assignment by nonreducing peptide mapping using mass spectrometry (MS) detection.MethodsNonreducing peptide mapping was applied for disulfide bridges assignment. This study presents an ad hoc method in which applying a neutral pH in the presence of an alkylating agent allowed to mitigate the formation of artifacts such as reshuffled disulfide bridges and permitted the detection of free cysteine. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–MS analysis was performed on a Waters quadrupole time‐of‐flight Xevo G2‐XS mass spectrometer acquiring data in MSE mode. MS data were processed using Expressionist MS Refiner 13.5 (Genedata).ResultsScouting experiments were performed using two batches of drug substance. An in‐depth study of the LC tandem mass spectrometry profiles revealed the presence of additional species related to “free” Cys252; this cysteine residue was also detected in its S‐cysteinylated and S‐homocysteinylated forms. This result is consistent with that reported in literature so far. The relative abundance of overall “cysteinylated” species resulted in the range between 46% and 36%, which has also been confirmed using orthogonal techniques such as Ellman’s assay.ConclusionsOur data clearly demonstrate that the free cysteine (Cys252) on the p40 subunit of recombinant IL‐12 is also present in its cysteinylated and homocysteinylated forms at a considerable rate. Our observations, although based on results obtained on an IL‐12‐derived fusion protein, are consistent with the current literature.
Unified understanding and new results of controllability model of multi‐agent systems
Authors: Guo Junhao , Ji Zhijian , Liu Yungang , Lin Chong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, the effects of different models on the controllability of leader‐follower dynamics system based on Laplacian matrix are studied, and the controllability results applicable to general model are obtained. Our research is based on three different control modes, namely, broadcast control, control, and non‐broadcast control, which cover all the control modes in the general model. Specifically, we first identify the relation of different control, that is, if the system is controllable under different control signals, then increasing the number of control signals does not change the controllability of the system. Furthermore, it is proved that in a fixed topology, when the number of control inputs is increased, the controllability of the system is not correlated with the controllability of the original system, which appears counter‐intuitive. But the spectral radius of the Gramian matrix of the controllable system is increased. In addition, we analyze the condition number of Gramian matrix. Based on the above conclusions, we put forward the concept of hierarchical equivalent partition (HEP), and prove that under the general model, the existence of HEP makes the system uncontrollable. Finally, we expect to find a way to make the system controllable under the general model. Therefore, we obtain sufficient conditions for the system to be controllable. As a by‐product, we find that there is no completely uncontrollable graph when the general model with broadcast control is removed.
Comparison of soil microbial community and physicochemical properties between rice–fallow and rice–bean (green manure) rotation
Authors: Bai Naling , Lv Weiguang , Chu Xiangqian , Fan Haidan , Li Shuangxi , Zheng Xianqing , Zhang Juanqin , Zhang Haiyun , Zhang Hanlin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.)–fallow and rice–green manure rotation are two common ecological rotation modes in the Lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. In this study, based on a long‐term positioning field experiment, soil microbial community structure (bacteria and fungi) and physicochemical properties were investigated and compared to comprehensively evaluate the effects of rice–fallow (RF) and rice–bean (Vicia faba L.) (green manure, RB) rotation on soil health, thus providing scientific basis for the utilization mode of paddy field in winter. The results showed that (a) compared with RF, the contents of soil organic matter (SOM), humic acid (HA), total N, and soil alkaline phosphatase in RB were significantly enhanced by 33.84, 71.04, 35.48, and 54.38%, respectively (p < .01); available K content in RF was increased by 22.84% compared with RB (p < .01); (b) the soil macroaggregates with a diameter more than 0.25 mm (R0.25), mean weight diameter, and geometric mean diameter (GMD) in RB treatment were significantly higher than those of RF by 112.67, 60.25, and 64.88%, respectively (p < .05); (c) different rotations altered bacterial community structure significantly, but exhibited less effect on that of fungi; bulk density, pH, GMD, SOM, and HA were the key environmental factors shaping the bacterial and fungal community structure. The alteration of specific bacterial and fungal taxa revealed that RB had a more promising potential to promote crop growth and improve organic matter decomposition. Therefore, rice–green manure rotation demonstrated a stronger positive effect on soil physicochemical and microbial properties.
Application of blockchain technology in the data processing security system of financial enterprises
Authors: Yu Haiping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractData security is not only to consider administrative management methods and punitive measures, but also technically from multiple perspectives such as data integrity, authorization, controllability, and the ability to trace back history. This article analyzes the application of blockchain technology to the data processing security system of financial enterprises, with the purpose of demonstrating the feasibility of blockchain technology to maintain data security and its specific operation methods. This research refers to a large number of references and understands the related systems of data confidentiality in financial enterprise databases and blockchain technology. According to the needs of the experiment, the article constructs the execution structure model of the financial enterprise database data confidentiality system, the task scheduling operation structure model, and the block. The chain domain authentication model, and so forth, carried out corresponding comparative analysis from the processing dimensions of time and space consumption, data security, and so forth, and verified the comprehensive performance of blockchain technology in the application of data security systems. The reliability factor is called the R factor, which is a parameter representing the degree of conformity of several curves, that is, the reliability degree of the assumed model structure. The R factor should be sensitive to the position of surface atoms but not to unstructured quantities, such as electron‐atom scattering field, electron decay, and so forth, which are all unstructured quantities. The experimental results show that before the participation of blockchain technology, the maximum reliability of financial data is only 4.3, and the reliability of data confidentiality after application is increased to 6.8. Multidimensional data shows that blockchain technology can provide guarantee for the application of data processing security systems for financial enterprises.
Type and impact of clinical incidents identified by a voluntary reporting system covering 130 small animal practices in mainland Europe
Authors: Schortz Lisen , Mossop Liz , Bergström Annika , Oxtoby Catherine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundVeterinary healthcare can be a complex process and may lead to unwanted, potentially harmful patient safety incidents as a consequence, negatively impacting both the practice team and client satisfaction. The aim of this study was to identify how such incidents impact cats and dogs by analysing reports gathered in a large‐scale voluntary incident reporting system.MethodsDescriptive statistical analysis was used to study a total of 2155 incident reports, submitted by 130 practices on mainland Europe.ResultsIncidents caused harm in more than 40% of reports. Medication‐related incidents were the most frequent type of incident recorded (40%). Treatment‐related incidents were the most common type of incident causing patient harm (55%). Anaesthesia‐related incidents were the most severe type of incident, resulting in patient death in 18% of these reports. Most incidents were reported from hospital wards, and a significantly higher proportion of cats were harmed by incidents compared to dogs.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that patients are regularly harmed by incidents, with medication‐related incidents being most common. In depth understanding of incident data can help develop interventions to reduce the risk of incident recurrence.
Subcellular distribution, localization, and function of noncoding RNAs
Authors: Sang Lingjie , Yang Luojia , Ge Qiwei , Xie Shanshan , Zhou Tianhua , Lin Aifu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEukaryotic cells contain subcellular organelles with spatiotemporal regulation to coordinate various biochemical reactions. The various organelles perform their essential biological functions by employing specific biomolecules, including nucleic acids. Recent studies have revealed that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are highly compartmentalized in cells and that their spatial distribution is intimately related to their functions. Dysregulation of subcellular ncRNAs can disrupt cellular homeostasis and cause human diseases. Mitochondria are responsible for energy generation to fuel cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, identifying mitochondria‐associated ncRNAs helps to reveal new regulatory mechanisms and physiological functions of mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in subcellular ncRNAs derived from either the nuclear or mitochondrial genome. We also discuss available biological approaches for investigating organelle‐specific ncRNAs. Exploring the distribution and function of subcellular ncRNAs may facilitate the understanding of endomembrane dynamics and provide potential strategies for clinical transformation.This article is categorized under:
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
Estimating the total length of Mekong giant catfish, Pangasianodon gigas, in an aquarium via stereo‐video shooting and direct linear transformation
Authors: Ikeya Koki , Torisawa Shinsuke , Yamane Hiroyuki , Mitsunaga Yasushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Mekong giant catfish (MGC), Pangasianodon gigas, is one of the world's largest catfish species. Endemic to the Mekong River system, the MGC is critically endangered. Six MGC were transported from Thailand to the Gifu World Freshwater Aquarium (GWFA) in Japan in May 2004. The MGC have not been measured since they were introduced to the GWFA due to the challenges associated with their large size. Traditional methods, such as anesthesia and net‐capture, could harm the fish, potentially reducing the population further. However, understanding the ecology of the species is essential to conservation efforts. Seasonal feeding rhythms and long‐term fasting were previously observed in captive MGCs. To investigate the effect of long‐term fasting on MGC growth, total length measurements are necessary. In this study, we applied a noncontact method to estimate the total length via image analysis. We shot a stereo‐video of free‐swimming MGC in the aquarium tank using two digital video cameras and analyzed the 3D images using the direct linear transformation method. We successfully estimated the total length of each MGC individual without contacting the fish. This accurate estimation method is versatile, simple, and useful in aquarium breeding and is also recommended from the viewpoint of animal welfare because it is a noninvasive method of measurement.
Retrograde Axonal Transport of Neurotrophins in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons
Authors: Shekari Arman , Fahnestock Margaret 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAxonal transport is key for the survival and function of all neurons. This process is especially important in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons due to their extremely long and diffuse axonal projections. These neurons are critical for learning and memory and degenerate rapidly in age-related neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The vulnerability of these neurons to age-related neurodegeneration may be partially attributed to their reliance on retrograde axonal transport for neurotrophic support. Unfortunately, little is known about the molecular biology underlying the retrograde transport dynamics of these neurons due to the difficulty associated with their maintenance in vitro. Here, we outline a protocol for culturing primary rodent basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in microfluidic chambers, devices designed specifically for the study of axonal transport in vitro. We outline protocols for labeling neurotrophins and tracking neurotrophin transport in these neurons. Our protocols can also be used to study axonal transport in other types of primary neurons such as cortical and hippocampal neurons.
High-Resolution Imaging of Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Nucleoids in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Annuario Emily , Ng Kristal , Vagnoni Alessio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which form intricate networks with complex dynamics. Mitochondrial transport and distribution are essential to ensure proper cell function, especially in cells with an extremely polarised morphology such as neurons. A layer of complexity is added when considering mitochondria have their own genome, packaged into nucleoids. Major mitochondrial morphological transitions, for example mitochondrial division, often occur in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and changes in the dynamic behaviour of the nucleoids. However, the relationship between mtDNA dynamics and mitochondrial motility in the processes of neurons has been largely overlooked. In this chapter, we describe a method for live imaging of mitochondria and nucleoids in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by instant structured illumination microscopy (iSIM). We also include a detailed protocol for the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells into cells with a pronounced neuronal-like morphology and show examples of coordinated mitochondrial and nucleoid motility in the long processes of these cells.
Detailed Imaging of Mitochondrial Transport and Precise Manipulation of Mitochondrial Function with Genetically Encoded Photosensitizers in Adult Drosophila Neurons
Authors: Mattedi Francesca , Chennell George , Vagnoni Alessio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrecise distribution of mitochondria is essential for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Although detailed mechanisms governing the transport of mitochondria have emerged, it is still poorly understood how the regulation of transport is coordinated in space and time within the physiological context of an organism. How alteration in mitochondrial functionality may trigger changes in organellar dynamics also remains unclear in this context. Therefore, the use of genetically encoded tools to perturb mitochondrial functionality in real time would be desirable. Here we describe methods to interfere with mitochondrial function with high spatiotemporal precision with the use of photosensitizers in vivo in the intact wing nerve of adultDrosophila. We also provide details on how to visualize the transport of mitochondria and to improve the quality of the imaging to attain super-resolution in this tissue.