bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is sonographic measurement of head‐perineum distance useful to predict obstetrical anal sphincter injury in case of vacuum delivery?
Authors: Garabedian Charles , Plurien Alix , Benoit Laure , Kyheng Maeva , Thuillier Claire , Sanchez Maeva , Turcsak Anaïs , Rozenberg Patrick , Berveiller Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveDetermine if head‐perineum distance (HPD) measurement before vacuum extraction (VE) was predictive of an obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) occurrence.MethodsRetrospective, bicentric (Lille and Poissy, France) cohort study conducted from January 2019 to June 2020. All VE in singleton pregnancies of ≥34 weeks were included. HPD measurement was performed without compression of the tissues before each VE. The judgment criterion was the occurrence of an OASIS.ResultsOf 12 568 deliveries, VE was performed in 1093 (8.6%). Among these 1093 women undergoing VE, 675 (61.7%) with HPD measurement were included. OASIS was found in 6.5% of women (n = 44; 95% CI 4.5–8.7). HPD was not associated with OASIS (38.5 ± 12.6 mm in women with OASIS vs 37.4 ± 12.0 mm in women without; adjusted OR [aOR] per 5 mm increase = 0.92; 95% CI 0.79–1.06). Increased HPD was associated with higher risk of sequential extraction (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.06–1.32), extraction duration >10 min (aOR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.02–1.23) and shoulder dystocia (aOR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.03–1.40).ConclusionUltrasound‐measured head‐perineum distance does not predict the occurrence of obstetric anal sphincter injury during a VE. The interest of HPD is more about predicting the success or difficulty of VE rather its specific complications.
Eye movement impairments in children with malnutrition
Authors: Almeida Natalia L. , Silva Jessica B. S. , Oliveira Milena E. C. , Fernandes Thiago P. , Santos Natanael A. 
Published: March 2022

Malnutrition is characterised by deficient nutrient ingestion and absorption and is still one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Our main rationale was that protein‐energy malnutrition (PEM) may affect eye movement in children with malnutrition. Twenty children without PEM (mean age = 10.8; SD = 1.0 years) and 18 children with PEM (mean age = 10.9; SD = 1.2 years) were included in the present study. We applied three types of tests: one that consisted of a maze and two versions of the Spot the Seven Errors test using boats and elephants. Our results indicated that children with PEM exhibited performance deficits in the maze test (p < .001) and Spot the Seven Errors test for both boats (p < .001) and elephants (p < .001). These data suggest that nutritional impairments during the first year of life (i.e., a critical period) can directly impact eye movement. Eye tracking is a reliable technique to investigate higher‐order processes, but our results should be interpreted with caution. Our findings highlight the relevance of cognitive development in malnourished children, which can negatively affect their development. Screening, assessment and rehabilitation strategies are essential in this at‐risk population.
Reference evapotranspiration estimation using long short‐term memory network and wavelet‐coupled long short‐term memory network
Authors: Long Xiaoxu , Wang Jiandong , Gong Shihong , Li Guangyong , Ju Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is a vital component of the hydrological cycle, and accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is of great importance in agriculture water resources planning and management. In this study, long short‐term memory network (LSTM), artificial neural network (ANN), extreme learning machine (ELM), and their wavelet‐coupled models were used for daily ET0 estimation. For comparison purposes, this study also investigated the ET0 estimation capability of three typical empirical models, that is, the Hargreaves–Samani (HS) equation, Penman (PM) equation, and Priestley–Taylor (PT) equation. Daily meteorological data were obtained from two weather stations, Beijing and Baoding, located in the northern part of the North China Plain. Results demonstrated that single machine learning (ML) models, for example, ANN, ELM, LSTM, are steadier and generally have better overall performance than wavelet‐coupled ML models. Besides, the LSTM model performed best among the single ML models and was far superior to the HS, PM, and PT models. The LSTM model helped the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the ANN and ELM models decrease by 5%–69% and 8%–72%, respectively. Moreover, the LSTM model helped the RMSE and MAE of the empirical models decrease by 6%–83% and 5%–84%, respectively.
The expression and significance of p4E‐BP1/4E‐BP1 in prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Kai‐yun , Wang Ke‐jie , Ma Qi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1 that has been detected in high‐grade prostate cancer has been reported in previous studies, overexpression of p4E‐BP1 and 4EBP1 and their clinical significance in prostate cancer still remain unknown.MethodsOne hundred six samples of prostate tissues were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry with p4E‐BP1 or 4E‐BP1 specific antibodies. Everolimus was used to block the phosphorylation of p4E‐BP1, and then flow cytometry, clone formation, transwell, and wound healing assays were performed to detect the survival and invasive ability of the prostate cancer cells.ResultsWe found that the expression of 4E‐BP1 and p4E‐BP1 was higher in prostate cancer tissues than in normal tissues. Interestingly, the expression of p4E‐BP1 was significantly associated with Gleason score and lymph node metastasis, but had no obvious correlation with PSA and the presence of bone or visceral metastasis. However, no evident correlation was found between the positive expression of 4E‐BP1 and these clinical characteristics. In in vitro experiments, we found similar results as the clinical presentation that 4E‐BP1 and p4E‐BP1 were low expressed in normal prostate epithelial cells, but in prostate cancer cells, as the malignancy increasing, 4E‐BP1 and p4E‐BP1 expression also gradually increased. Then, we used Everolimus to inhibit the phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1 and found that Everolimus effectively reduced cloning formation, inhibited cell migration, and promoted apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner in PC3 cells.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that p4E‐BP1 is a potential biomarker and therapy target for prostate cancer, and patients with high expressions of p4E‐BP1 may benefit from Everolimus treatment.
Bipolar spectrum disorders are associated with increased gray matter volume in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens
Authors: Damme Katherine S. F. , Alloy Lauren B. , Kelley Nicholas J. , Carroll Ann , Young Christina B. , Chein Jason , Ng Tommy H. , Titone Madison K. , Bart Corinne P. , Nusslock Robin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveElevated sensitivity to rewards prospectively predicts Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BSD) onset; however, it is unclear whether volumetric abnormalities also reflect BSD risk. BSDs emerge when critical neurodevelopment in frontal and striatal regions occurs in sex‐specific ways. The current paper examined the volume of frontal and striatal brain regions in both individuals with and at risk for a BSD with exploratory analyses examining sex‐specificity.MethodsOne hundred fourteen medication‐free individuals ages 18–27 at low‐risk for BSD (moderate‐reward sensitivity; N = 37), at high‐risk without a BSD (high‐reward sensitivity; N = 47), or with a BSD (N = 30) completed a structural MRI scan of the brain. We examined group differences in gray matter volume in a priori medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) regions‐of‐interest.ResultsThe BSD group had enlarged frontostriatal volumes (mOFC, NAcc) compared to low individuals (d = 1.01). The mOFC volume in BSD was larger than low‐risk (d = 1.01) and the high‐risk groups (d = 0.74). This effect was driven by males with a BSD, who showed an enlarged mOFC compared to low (d = 1.01) and high‐risk males (d = 0.74). Males with a BSD also showed a greater NAcc volume compared to males at low‐risk (d = 0.49), but not high‐risk males.ConclusionsAn enlarged frontostriatal volume (averaged mOFC, NAcc) is associated with the presence of a BSD, while subvolumes (mOFC vs. NAcc) showed unique patterning in relation to risk. We report preliminary evidence that sex moderates frontostriatal volume in BSD, highlighting the need for larger longitudinal risk studies examining the role of sex‐specific neurodevelopmental trajectories in emerging BSDs.
End‐faithful spanning trees in graphs without normal spanning trees
Authors: Bürger Carl , Kurkofka Jan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSchmidt characterised the class of rayless graphs by an ordinal rank function, which makes it possible to prove statements about rayless graphs by transfinite induction. Halin asked whether Schmidt's rank function can be generalised to characterise other important classes of graphs. In this paper, we address Halin's question: we characterise an important class of graphs by an ordinal function. Another largely open problem raised by Halin asks for a characterisation of the class of graphs with an end‐faithful spanning tree. A well‐studied subclass is formed by the graphs with a normal spanning tree. We determine a larger subclass, the class of normally traceable graphs, which consists of the connected graphs with a rayless tree‐decomposition into normally spanned parts. Investigating the class of normally traceable graphs further we prove that, for every normally traceable graph, having a rayless spanning tree is equivalent to all its ends being dominated. Our proofs rely on a characterisation of the class of normally traceable graphs by an ordinal rank function that we provide.
Evaluation of Amide Proton Transfer‐Weighted Imaging for Lung Cancer Subtype and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: A Comparative Study With Diffusion and Metabolic Parameters
Authors: Meng Nan , Fu Fangfang , Feng Pengyang , Li Ziqiang , Gao Haiyan , Wu Yaping , Zhang Jiawen , Wei Wei , Yuan Jianmin , Yang Yang , Liu Hui , Cheng Jianjian , Wang Meiyun 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundLung cancer is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, and it is meaningful to assess the subtype and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status in lung cancer noninvasively by imaging methods.PurposeTo differentiate noninvasively small cell lung cancer (SCLC) from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and EGFR mutation‐type from wild‐type NSCLC by comparing amide proton transfer‐weighted imaging (APTWI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and 2‐[18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET).Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 99 patients with lung cancer.Field Strength/SequenceAPTWI and DWI at 18F‐FDG PET/MRI 3.0 T.AssessmentThe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym [3.5 ppm]), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated and compared.Statistical TestsIndividual sample t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Logistic regression, and P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsIn NSCLC, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), MTV, and TLG were significantly lower and ADC was significantly higher than in SCLC; MTRasym (3.5 ppm) was significantly higher and SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were significantly lower in EGFR mutation‐type NSCLC than in EGFR wild‐type NSCLC. In the identification of SCLC and NSCLC, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), ADC, and MTV were independent predictors, the AUCs of the combination of independent predictors, MTV, TLG, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), and ADC were 0.942, 0.875, 0.843, 0.814, and 0.687, respectively. In the identification of EGFR mutation‐type and wild‐type NSCLC, MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and MTV were independent predictors, the AUCs of the combination of independent predictors, TLG, MTV, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), and SUVmax were 0.919, 0.834, 0.813, 0.795, and 0.771, respectively.Data ConclusionIn the noninvasive assessment of lung cancer subtype and EGFR status, APTWI has similar utility to diffusion and metabolic parameters.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
When RING finger family proteins meet SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Cai Chunmei , Tang Yan‐Dong , Zheng Chunfu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is currently the most formidable challenge to humankind. Understanding the complicated virus‐host interplay is crucial for fighting against viral infection. A growing number of studies point to the critical roles of RING (really interesting new gene) finger (RNF) proteins during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. RNF proteins exert direct antiviral activity by targeting genome and envelope glycoproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2. Additionally, some RNF members serve as potent regulators for antiviral innate immunity and antibody‐dependent neutralization of SARS‐CoV‐2. Notably, SARS‐CoV‐2 also hijacks the RNF proteins‐mediated ubiquitination process to evade host antiviral innate immunity and enhance viral replication. In this mini‐review, we discuss the diverse antiviral mechanisms of RNF proteins and viral immune evasion in an RNF proteins‐dependent manner. Understanding the crosstalk between RNF proteins and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection would help design potential novel targets for COVID‐19 treatment.
A power loss minimization strategy based on optimal placement and sizing of distributed energy resources
Authors: Mirsaeidi Sohrab , Li Shangru , Devkota Subash , Li Meng , He Jinghan , Tzelepis Dimitrios , Konstantinou Charalambos , Said Dalila Mat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the enhanced price of electricity, the gradual depletion of fossil fuels, and the global warming concerns, power loss minimization through deployment of distributed generators (DGs) has attracted significant attention in recent decades. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) based strategy for minimization of active and reactive power losses through optimal location and size of DGs. It also quantifies and tallies the total network power losses for the cases with random as well as optimal allocation of DGs. To validate the accuracy of the obtained results from GA, another nature‐inspired optimization algorithm, cuckoo search, is also deployed. The simulation results on IEEE 30 and 118 bus systems indicate that the proposed strategy not only can effectively reduce the total network active and reactive power losses but also lead to the improvement of network voltage profile.
Warming in the upper San Francisco Estuary: Patterns of water temperature change from five decades of data
Authors: Bashevkin Samuel M. , Mahardja Brian , Brown Larry R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTemperature is a key controlling variable from subcellular to ecosystem scales. Thus, climatic warming is expected to have broad impacts, especially in economically and ecologically valuable systems such as estuaries. The heavily managed upper San Francisco Estuary supplies water to millions of people and is home to fish species of high conservation, commercial, and recreational interest. Despite a long monitoring record (> 50 yr), we do not yet know how water temperatures have already changed or how trends vary spatially or seasonally. We fit generalized additive models on an integrated database of discrete water temperature observations to estimate long‐term trends with spatio‐seasonal variability. We found that water temperatures have increased 0.017°C yr−1 on average over the past 50 yr. Rates of temperature change have varied over time, but warming was predominant. Temperature increases were most widespread in the late‐fall to winter (November to February) and mid‐spring (April to June), coinciding with the winter development of juvenile Chinook salmon and spring spawning window of the endangered delta smelt. Warming was fastest in the northern regions, a key fish migration corridor with important tidal wetland habitat. However, no long‐term temperature trends were detected in October and were only observed in some regions in May, July, and August. These results can help identify optimal areas for restoration or refugia to buffer the effects of a warming climate, and the methods can be leveraged to understand the spatiotemporal variability in climate warming patterns in other aquatic systems.
Light‐Triggered Structural Modulation of Nanofibrous Meshes to Promote Deep Penetration of Cultured Cells
Authors: Pham‐Nguyen Oanh‐Vu , Lee Ju Won , Park Yeonju , Jin Sila , Kim Song Rae , Park Jongmin , Park Ju Hyun , Jung Young Mee , Yoo Hyuk Sang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough nanofibrous meshes are considered promising cultivation beds for maintaining cell differentiation, 3D cultivation is not possible because their nanoporous structures impede cell infiltration. To facilitate transverse cell migration across nanofibrous meshes, electrospun nanofibers are prepared with structures that vary in response to red laser light. Polyoxalate (POX), composed of oxalate linkers and oligomeric caprolactone, is synthesized and electrospun into fibrous meshes with a photosensitizer (chlorin e6, Ce6). These meshes exhibit morphological and chemical changes upon laser irradiation, and mass erosion rates of the meshes are faster after laser irradiation. Cell cultivation on POX meshes reveals that red laser effectively facilitates traverse migration of the cells without affecting cell viability. The use of light‐triggered change of meshes is envisioned to promote the migration of cells during 3D matrix cultivation.
Emergent hybrid mesophases in ternary mixtures of cellulose nanocrystals ‐ Pluronic micelles‐water
Authors: Cohen Neta , Attia David , Levi‐Kalisman Yael , Bitton Ronit , Yerushalmi‐Rozen Rachel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMixtures of nanometric rods and spherical micelles that are dominated by excluded volume (entropic) interactions tend to de‐mix into sphere‐ and rod‐rich mesophases. Here we report the observation of hybrid mesophases formed by mixtures of polymer‐decorated sulfuric‐acid‐hydrolyzed cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs, rod‐like particles), at high CNCs concentrations (7 wt%) where the native CNCs suspensions are at the bi‐phasic (isotropic‐chiral nematic) regime, and spherical micelles of the tri‐block‐copolymers Pluronic F127 (and F108) in aqueous suspension. The polymers adsorb onto the CNCs particles, and at F127 concentrations above (10–18 wt%) the macroscopic phases of the hybrid mixture are transformed into mesoscopic droplets with a nanostructure that differs from that of the CNCs or the native Pluronics, as indicated by small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The observed phases preserve the chiral nematic nature of the CNCs phases with a shortened pitch, suggesting that co‐assembly of CNCs and self‐assembling polymers may be used for engineering of emergent phases with emergent structures and properties.
Analysis of capecitabine metabolites in conjunction with digital autoradiography in a murine model of pancreatic cancer suggests extensive drug penetration through the tumor
Authors: Russell James , Fanchon Louise , Alwaseem Hanan , Molina Henrik , O’Donoghue Isabella , Bahr Amber , de Stanchina Elisa , Pillarsetty Nagavarakishore , Humm John L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPreviously published digital autoradiography of 3H‐labeled capecitabine reveals a near‐uniform distribution of activity throughout a murine pancreatic model. This is in contrast both to 14C‐labeled gemcitabine, and established expectations, as the dense stroma of pancreatic cancer is understood to inhibit drug penetration. Capecitabine is a pro‐drug for 5 FU. The positioning of the radiolabel on capecitabine leaves open the possibility that much of the autoradiographic signal is generated by nontoxic compounds. Studies were performed on tumors derived via organoid culture from a murine KPC tumor. As before, we performed autoradiography comparing 3H capecitabine to the gemcitabine analog 18F‐FAC. The metabolism of capecitabine in this model was studied through LC–MS of tumor tissue. The autoradiographs confirmed that the 3H label from capecitabine was much more uniformly distributed through the tumor than the 18F from the gemcitabine analog. LC–MS revealed that approximately 75% of the molar mass of capecitabine had been converted into 5 FU or pre‐5 FU compounds. The remainder had been converted into nontoxic species. Therapeutically relevant capecitabine metabolites achieve a relatively even distribution in this pancreatic cancer model, in contrast to the gemcitabine analog 18F‐FAC. In a human xenograft model, (BxPC3), the 3H label from capecitabine was also uniformly spread across the tumor autoradiographs. However, at 2 h post‐administration the metabolism of capecitabine had proceeded further and the bulk of the agent was in the form of nontoxic species.
Model free based finite time fault‐tolerant control of robot manipulators subject to disturbances and input saturation
Authors: Chen Zhengsheng , Wang Xue‐song , Cheng Yuhu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article proposed a model free based finite time fault‐tolerant control (FTC) method of robot manipulators subject to unknown disturbances, input saturation, and actuator faults. First, an accuracy‐driven integral terminal sliding mode surface (ADITSMS) was constructed, and the finite‐time convergence and the parametric analysis were investigated. Second, based on the proposed ADITSMS, a double‐loop control framework which consists of the position loop and velocity loop was proposed, and the finite time command filtered algorithm was utilized to estimate the derivative of the virtual control law of the position loop, thus a novel finite‐time robust adaptive FTC was proposed. Third, to eliminate the negative effects of the faults and disturbances and implement model free control, the uncertainty and disturbance estimation is designed, and a novel adaptive algorithm is developed to suppress the estimation error whose upper bound or derivative was not required. Meanwhile, an auxiliary system is constructed to deal with the input saturation. The proposed controller possess the superiorities of model free nature and global finite time convergence property. Finally, numerical simulations and comparison studies were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Electrochemical Actuators with Multicolor Changes and Multidirectional Actuation
Authors: Ling Yong , Fan Hongwei , Wang Kun , Lu Ziqiu , Wang Lichao , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Li Kerui , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrochemical (EC) actuators have garnered significant attention in recent years, yet there are still some critical challenges to limit their application range, such as responsive time, multifunctionality, and actuating direction. Herein, an EC actuator with a back‐to‐back structure is fabricated by stacking two membranes with bilayer V2O5 nanowires/single‐walled carbon nanotubes (V2O5 NWs/SWCNTs) networks, and shows a synchronous high actuation amplitude (about ±9.7 mm, ±28.4°) and multiple color changes. In this back‐to‐back structure, the inactive SWCNTs layer is used as a conductive current collector, and the bilayer network is attached to a porous polymer membrane. The dual‐responsive processes of V2O5 nanowires (V2O5 NWs) actuation films and actuators are also deeply investigated through in situ EC X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the EC actuation of the V2O5 NWs/SWCNTs film is highly related to the redox behavior of the pseudocapacitive V2O5 NWs layer. At last, both V2O5 NWs and W18O49 nanowires (W18O49 NWs)‐based EC actuators are constructed to demonstrate the multicolor changes and multidirectional actuation induced by the opposite lattice changes of V2O5 NWs and W18O49 NWs during ionic de‐/intercalation, guiding the design of multifunctional EC actuators in the future.