bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of biological agents and tofacitinib for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis on health-related quality of life: a protocol for a network meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xueni , Xu Huimei , Zhang Dekui 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionIn the past few years, several options have been proposed as alternative and more effective therapeutic drugs for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC), such as biological agents and tofacitinib. Most of the clinical studies related to UC aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the drugs on clinical outcomes such as disease activity and side effects. This review aims to compare the impact of infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, ustekinumab, vedolizumab and tofacitinib for moderate-to-severe UC on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), thereby guiding clinical treatment and scientific research of this disease.Methods and analysisWe will search PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception until July 2021 for all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reported in English as double-blind comparing infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, ustekinumab, vedolizumab or tofacitinib as induction or maintenance therapies with another or with placebo in moderate-to-severe UC on HRQoL. The primary outcome of this study is changes in the mean difference in HRQoL scores. Data of each pairwise comparison will be synthesised to obtain summary standardised mean differences for continuous outcomes and ORs for dichotomous outcomes. Then, a network meta-analysis (NMA) will be performed, and a common-effects Mantel-Haenszel NMA will be conducted for dichotomous outcomes, while a random-effects NMA will be used for all other outcomes. Finally, we will follow the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach to assess the confidence in estimates derived from NMA of the main outcomes.Ethics and disseminationOnly published secondary data will be used in this study, and therefore ethics approval is not required. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021225048.
General practitioners’ management of depression symptoms in Somali refugee and Norwegian patients: a film vignette experiment
Authors: Harris Samantha Marie , Binder Per-Einar , Diaz Esperanza , Ekroll Vebjørn , Sandal Gro M 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesRefugees in comparison with non-refugee patients may face higher unmet mental healthcare needs. The mechanisms underlying these disparities are still poorly understood. The general practitioner (GP) plays a vital role in refugees’ mental health (MH), managing complaints within primary care and acting as gatekeeper to specialist services. However, GPs have reported feeling uncertain about working with refugee patients. Somalis make up one of the largest refugee groups in Norway and use primary care services more than the majority population for physical health, although not for MH. The current study examines GPs’ management of MH complaints in Somali refugee versus Norwegian vignette characters and the role of GP clinical uncertainty.DesignWe distributed an online experimental survey to GPs in Norway (n=133), who were randomised to watch a simulated consultation with a female Norwegian, female Somali, male Norwegian or male Somali vignette character, presenting the same symptoms of depression. GPs indicated which diagnoses, assessments and treatments they would endorse for the patient and their level of certainty.Outcome measuresWe calculated Simpson indices to measure inter-rater reliability and 2×2 analysis of variances as well as Bayesian estimation to examine clinical certainty based on patient background and gender.ResultsGPs’ clinical decisions about Somali and Norwegian vignette characters were similar, with a few exceptions. There was less consensus regarding the first prioritised diagnosis for Somali characters (Simpson index=0.129) versus Norwegian characters (Simpson index=0.208), (p=0.011, one-tailed). Somalis more frequently received diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while Norwegians received diagnoses of feeling depressed. GPs endorsed sick leave more often for Norwegian characters and medication for physical complaints for Somali characters. There were no substantial differences in GPs’ self-reported certainty.ConclusionsWe found few and relatively small effects of patient background and gender on GPs’ clinical decisions. Nevertheless, the validity of certain diagnoses and prescription of sick leave need to be considered by clinicians and in future research.
Association of longitudinal changes in patient-reported health status with return to work in the first 2 years after traumatic injury: a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Horn Lena , de Munter Leonie , Papageorgiou Grigorios , Lansink Koen W W , de Jongh Mariska A C , Joosen Margot C W 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the prognostic value of time driven changes in health status on return to work (RTW) in the first 2 years after traumatic injury.DesignA prospective longitudinal cohort study. All patient-reported outcomes were measured at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after injury.SettingTen participating hospitals in the Netherlands.ParticipantsEmployed adult clinical injury patients admitted to the hospital between August 2015 and November 2016 (N=1245 patients).Main outcome measuresData about (first) RTW were used from the patient-reported questionnaires (1=yes, 0=no). RTW was measured as the first time a patient started working after hospital admission. Time until RTW was calculated in weeks. Health status was measured with the EuroQol Five Dimensions-3 Levels (EQ5D) including a dimension to measure cognition.ResultsAt 24 months, 88.5% (n=1102) of the patients had returned to work. The median time to RTW was 6.6 weeks (IQR: 2–13). Patients’ health status was found to be an independent prognostic factor for RTW: a 0.1-unit increase in EQ5D (scale 0–1) translated into RTW being four times more likely (95% CI 1.60 to 11.94). Patients who had moderate or severe problems (0=no problems, 1=moderate or severe problems) with mobility (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.98), anxiety/depression (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.91), usual activities (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.98), self-care (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.99) and cognition (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.94) were significantly less likely to RTW compared with patients with no problems.ConclusionIncreased self-reported health status over time is associated with a higher likelihood of RTW, independent of baseline risk factors, such as injury severity or education. Knowledge on patient-reported outcomes can contribute to the development of tailored RTW treatments. Furthermore, patient-reported outcomes could be used as monitoring tool to guide postinjury care in the clinical setting and RTW process.Trial registration numberNCT02508675; Results.
Response rate and comparison of clinical features associated with positive or negative responses to a scapular positioning test in patients with neck pain and altered scapular alignment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wannaprom Nipaporn , Treleaven Julia , Jull Gwendolen , Uthaikhup Sureeporn 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency and clinical aspects of patients with neck pain who responded and did not respond to scapular repositioning and to determine the clinical features associated with a positive response.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingResearch unit, Department of Physical Therapy, Chiang Mai University.ParticipantsVolunteers with non-specific neck pain aged 18–59 years were recruited between May 2020 and February 2021 from hospitals, clinics, university and community.Outcome measuresClinical data documented were neck pain (intensity, duration and disability), the presence of headache, type of scapular dysfunction, cervical musculoskeletal impairment (range of motion (ROM), flexion rotation test (FRT) and location of any symptomatic cervical joint dysfunction), upper limb functional limitation and self-reported disability. Manual scapular repositioning was performed on the side of neck pain. Participants were categorised as responsive or non-responsive based on a change in pain and/or cervical rotation range.ResultsA total of 219 people with neck pain responded to advertisements, of which 144 were eligible. Of the eligible participants, 107 (74.3%) demonstrated a clinically relevant improvement in either neck pain or rotation range or both following the scapular repositioning and 37 (25.7%) had no relevant improvement. The responsive group had a high incidence of scapular downward rotation, greater neck pain intensity, headache and cervical musculoskeletal impairment (reduced ROM, positive FRT and symptomatic C1-3 dysfunction) compared with the non-responsive group (p<0.05). A logistic regression model revealed that features strongly associated with a positive response were the presence of headache (Exp(B)=6.0, 95% CI 2.3 to 15.8), scapular downward rotation (Exp(B)=5.3, 95% CI 2.3 to 12.6) and a positive FRT (Exp(B)=4.0, 95% CI 1.5 to 10.6).ConclusionAlmost 75% of neck pain patients with altered scapular alignment responded to scapular repositioning. The predominance of upper cervical dysfunction with a downwardly rotated scapular in this group suggests a role of poor axioscapular muscle function which might benefit from rehabilitation.
Parental experience of child death in the paediatric intensive care unit: a scoping review
Authors: Tezuka Sonoe , Kobayashi Kyoko 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this scoping review was to identify the experiences of parents who endured the death of their child in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and what end-of-life care they perceived as supportive.DesignScoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidance.Data sourcesFour databases, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO, were searched for studies published until 24 August 2021, with no limitation on the year of publication.Eligibility criteriaWe identified qualitative studies published in English that focused on parents’ experiences during the death of their child in the PICU and excluded studies conducted in non-PICU settings, such as neonatal intensive care units and emergency departments.Data extraction and synthesisA five-step methodological approach (‘identifying the research question’, ‘searching for relevant studies’, ‘selecting studies’, ‘charting the data’ and ‘collating, summarising and reporting the results’) developed by Arksey and O’Malley was used to chart the purpose and methods of the study and the characteristics of the study participants. The extracted parental experiences were inductively summarised.ResultsOf 435 articles, 14 studies conducted in seven countries were included in the final review. The background regarding the child’s condition varied, including whether it was acute or chronic, and the length of stay in the PICU. Parents needed effective interaction with healthcare providers to fulfil their parental role and be involved in critical decision-making regarding their child’s treatment in a rapidly evolving situation. The themes inductively extracted were ‘parental suffering’, ‘roles and responsibilities of parents’, ‘information sharing’, and ‘support of parents by healthcare providers’.ConclusionsAlthough parent–healthcare provider interactions influence parents’ experiences with their dying children in the PICU, by affecting parental roles and level of involvement, there is a lack of research focusing on improving these interactions.
Prevalence and determinant factors of mental health problems among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in southern Ethiopia: multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayalew Mohammed , Deribe Bedilu , Abraham Yacob , Reta Yared , Tadesse Fikru , Defar Semira , Hoyiso Dawit , Ashegu Tebeje 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and its determinant factors during COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare professionals in southern Ethiopia.DesignMulti-centre cross-sectional study.Setting and study periodRandomly selected public hospitals in Sidama, southern Ethiopia between 25 September 2020 and 25 October 2020.Participants387 healthcare professionals were randomly selected.Outcome measuresPrevalence and determinant factors of depression, anxiety and stress was assessed.ResultDepression, anxiety and stress prevalence were shown to be 50.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 45.0% to 55.0%), 55.0% (95% CI 51.1% to 59.9%) and 38.5% (95% CI 33.6% to 43.2%), respectively. Being female (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 3.71, 95% CI 2.31 to 5.97), married (AOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.86), living alone (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.20), nurses (AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.44 to 5.99) and working in inpatients (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.93) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Moreover, older age groups (AOR 3.15, 95% CI 1.04 to 6.56), females (AOR 3.25, 95% CI 2.01 to 5.25), married (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.87) and nurses (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.63 to 6.78) were significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety. Stress symptoms were significantly high among females (AOR 2.47, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.97), married (AOR 2.77, 95% CI 1.60 to 4.78), living alone (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.52), nurses (AOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.92) and working in units other than emergency (inpatient (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.57) and other units (AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.95)).ConclusionThe current study found that healthcare professionals have high levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Sex, age, marital status, type of profession, living status and working environment were significant factors for mental health problems in healthcare professionals during the pandemic. Healthcare professionals require mental health support at which monitoring and control can be performed during and after the pandemic.
Does androgen deprivation impact associations between cognition and strength, fitness and function in community-dwelling men with prostate cancer? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mundell Niamh L , Owen Patrick J , Dalla Via Jack , Macpherson Helen , Daly Robin M , Fraser Steve F 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesWe investigated whether there were differences in associations between cognition with muscle strength, fitness and function in men with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with, and without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and non-PCa controls. A secondary aim was to compare differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment.DesignThis cross-sectional study compared 70 ADT-treated men with PCa aged 50–85 years to non-ADT-treated men (n=52) and non-PCa controls (n=70).SettingUniversity clinical exercise laboratory.InterventionsNil.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStandardised assessments were conducted for cognition (learning, memory, attention, processing speed and executive function), muscle strength (grip strength and leg press), fitness (400 m walk), gait speed (4 m walk) and dual-tasking mobility (timed-up-and-go with a cognitive task).ResultsADT-treated men showed stronger associations between fitness and executive function and task switching relative to controls (both: p≤0.03). For both PCa groups (independent of ADT use), poorer dual-task mobility was more strongly associated with decreased psychomotor attention (both: p≤0.027) and global cognitive function (both: p≤0.031) compared with non-PCa controls. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was low (4%–13%) and did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsThe presence of PCa, with or without ADT treatment, did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment relative to non-PCa controls, yet did alter the associations between physical fitness and some measures of functional performance with certain cognitive domains. This highlights the importance of men with PCa maintaining fitness and functional capacity to optimise cognitive health.Trial registration numberThis study was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000317695).
Oncology palliative care: access barriers: bibliometric study
Authors: Santos Neto Martins Fideles dos , Paiva Carlos Eduardo , de Lima Crislaine , Ribeiro Adeylson Guimarães , Paiva Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo perform a bibliometric analysis of studies that evaluated the barriers to access to cancer palliative care (PC).MethodsThis was a bibliometric review using MEDLINE; EMBASE; Web Of Science; LILACS and the Cochrane Library. A search was conducted with the terms Barriers, Palliative Care and Cancer. Articles whose objectives targeted barriers to access to PC were considered, regardless of the year of publication. The setting is articles published from 1987 to 2020.ResultsA total of 6158 articles were identified, of which 217 were eligible for analysis. The USA and UK being the countries with the largest number of articles on the subject (n=101, n=18, respectively). After expert analysis, the barriers were grouped into nine categories.ConclusionsBarriers related to symptom control were identified in 19% of the eligible articles, along with barriers related to health, which with 24% of occurrence in the articles, were the most frequently cited barriers. Countries which have implemented PC for some time were those with the greatest number of publications and in journals with the highest impact factors. Cross-sectional study design continues to be the most frequently used in publications.
Trends in drowning mortality in Portugal from 1992 to 2019: comparing Global Burden of Disease and national data
Authors: Queiroga Ana Catarina , Seabra Rui , Franklin Richard Charles , Peden Amy E 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionImprecise data systems hinder understanding of drowning burden, even in high-income countries like Portugal, that have a well-implemented death certificate system. Consequently, national studies on drowning mortality are scarce. We aimed to explore drowning mortality in Portugal using national data and to compare these to Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates.MethodsData were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics (INE) for 1992–2019, using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes, by sex, age group and cause (unintentional; water transport and intentional). GBD unintentional drowning data were obtained online. Age-standardised drowning rates were calculated and compared.ResultsINE data showed 6057 drowning deaths, 4327 classified as unintentional (75.2% male; 36.7% 35–64 years; 31.5% 65+years; 15.2% 0–19 years). Following 2001, an increase in accidental drowning mortality and corresponding decrease in undetermined intent was observed, coincident with Portugal’s ICD-10 implementation. GBD modelled estimates followed a downward trend at an overall rate of decrease of −0.41/decade (95% CI (−0.45 to –0.37); R2adj=0.94; p<0.05). Conversely, INE data showed an increase in the rate of drowning deaths over the last decade (0.35/decade; 95% CI (−0.18 to 0.89)). GBD estimates were significantly different from the INE dataset (alpha=0.05), either underestimating as much as 0.567*INE in 1996 or overestimating as much as 1.473*INE in 2011.ConclusionsWhile GBD mortality data estimates are valuable in the absence of routinely collected data, they smooth variations, concealing key advocacy opportunities. Investment in country-level drowning registries enables in-depth analysis of incident circumstances. Such data are essential to informing National Water Safety Plans.
Kerr–Schild–Kundt metrics in generic gravity theories with modified Horndeski couplings
Authors: Gürses Metin , Heydarzade Yaghoub , Şentürk Çetin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Kerr–Schild–Kundt (KSK) metrics are known to be one of the universal metrics in general relativity, which means that they solve the vacuum field equations of any gravity theory constructed from the curvature tensor and its higher-order covariant derivatives. There is yet no complete proof that these metrics are universal in the presence of matter fields such as electromagnetic and/or scalar fields. In order to get some insight into what happens when we extend the “universality theorem” to the case in which the electromagnetic field is present, as a first step, we study the KSK class of metrics in the context of modified Horndeski theories with Maxwell’s field. We obtain exact solutions of these theories representing the pp-waves and AdS-plane waves in arbitrary D dimensions.
Off diagonal charged scalar couplings with the Z boson: Zee-type models as an example
Authors: Florentino Ricardo R. , Romão Jorge C. , Silva João P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModels with scalar doublets and charged scalar singlets have the interesting property that they have couplings between one Z boson and two charged scalars of different masses. This property is often ignored in phenomenological analysis, as it is absent from models with only extra scalar doublets. We explore this issue in detail, considering $$h \rightarrow Z \gamma $$

h
→
Z
γ

, $$B \rightarrow X_s \gamma $$

B
→

X
s

γ

, and the decay of a heavy charged scalar into a lighter one and a Z boson. We propose that the latter be actively searched for at the LHC, using the scalar sector of the Zee-type models as a prototype and proposing benchmark points which obey all current experimental data, and could be within reach of the LHC.
An Efficient Tongue Segmentation Model Based on U-Net Framework
Authors: Ruan Qunsheng , Wu Qingfeng , Yao Junfeng , Wang Yingdong , Tseng Hsien-Wei , Zhang Zhiling 
Published: December 2021

In the intelligently processing of the tongue image, one of the most important tasks is to accurately segment the tongue body from a whole tongue image, and the good quality of tongue body edge processing is of great significance for the relevant tongue feature extraction. To improve the performance of the segmentation model for tongue images, we propose an efficient tongue segmentation model based on U-Net. Three important studies are launched, including optimizing the model’s main network, innovating a new network to specially handle tongue edge cutting and proposing a weighted binary cross-entropy loss function. The purpose of optimizing the tongue image main segmentation network is to make the model recognize the foreground and background features for the tongue image as well as possible. A novel tongue edge segmentation network is used to focus on handling the tongue edge because the edge of the tongue contains a number of important information. Furthermore, the advantageous loss function proposed is to be adopted to enhance the pixel supervision corresponding to tongue images. Moreover, thanks to a lack of tongue image resources on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), some special measures are adopted to augment training samples. Various comparing experiments on two datasets were conducted to verify the performance of the segmentation model. The experimental results indicate that the loss rate of our model converges faster than the others. It is proved that our model has better stability and robustness of segmentation for tongue image from poor environment. The experimental results also indicate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art ones in aspects of the two most important tongue image segmentation indexes: IoU and Dice. Moreover, experimental results on augmentation samples demonstrate our model have better performances.