bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing pollen production at high latitudes across animal‐pollinated flowering plants
Authors: Cunha Nicolay Leme da , Gleiser Gabriela , Sáez Agustín , Chalcoff Vanina Ruth , Tur Cristina , Aizen Marcelo Adrián 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimPlant reliance on animal mutualists is expected to decrease with latitude owing to increasing environmental instability. As a consequence, more erratic animal pollination in the temperate zones than in the tropics could translate into lower efficiency in pollen transfer, and thus increasing pollen wastage. Despite the relevance of this hypothesis for plant reproductive evolution, the implications of a proposed latitudinal gradient in pollinator reliability for pollen and ovule production, traits directly affecting seed siring and seed set, respectively, remain unresolved.LocationGlobal.Time period1971–2020.Major taxa studiedAngiospermae.MethodsBased on a bibliographic survey and our own data, we collated a dataset with information on pollen production (P) and ovule number (O) per flower from 419 studies, including a total of 1,392 animal‐pollinated angiosperm species from 141 families distributed worldwide and sampled between the equator and 68.35° latitude. Using phylogenetic general linear mixed models, we investigated latitudinal variation in P and O. We also tested a latitudinal effect on several ancillary plant traits associated with a plant’s mating system and pollinator specialization that might confound any latitudinal effect on gamete production.ResultsP but not O was positively associated with latitude, a trend that even became stronger after including the latitudinally varying ancillary traits (i.e., growth form, flower size, flower symmetry and number of pollinator orders). The latitudinal effect on P was more pronounced among species producing large flowers, a trait that could be linked to self‐incompatibility and thus outcrossing. A weak phylogenetic patterning of P also indicates high evolvability potential of this trait, which may have an effect on both male and female plant fitness.Main conclusionsEven though a latitudinal trend in pollinator reliability still awaits direct testing, the observed latitudinal increase in P across angiosperms can be interpreted as an evolutionary consequence of an increasingly unpredictable pollination environment.
Development of novel potent ligands for GPR85, an orphan G protein‐coupled receptor expressed in the brain
Authors: Sakai Aya , Yasui Takeshi , Watanave Masashi , Tatsumi Rine , Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Takano Wataru , Tani Yuki , Okamura Izumi , Hirai Hirokazu , Takeda Shigeki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGPR85 is a member of the G protein‐coupled receptor and is a super‐conserved receptor expressed in the brain sub‐family (Super Conserved Receptor Expressed in Brain; SREB) with GPR27 and GPR173. These three receptors are “orphan receptors”; however, their endogenous ligands have not been identified. SREB has garnered the interest of many scientists because it is expressed in the central nervous system and is evolutionarily conserved. In particular, brain mass is reported to be increased and learning and memory are improved in GPR85 knockout mice (Matsumoto et al. 2008). In this study, we characterized newly synthesized compounds using a GPR85‐Gsα fusion protein and the [35S]GTPγS binding assay and identified novel GPR85 inverse‐agonists with IC50 values of approximately 1 μM. To analyze the neurochemical character of the compounds and investigate the physiological significance of GPR85, we used cerebellar Purkinje cells expressing GPR85 and an electrophysiological technique. Based on the results, the inverse‐agonist compound for GPR85 modulated potassium channel opening. Together with the results of previous gene analysis of GPR85, we expect that the development of the GPR85 ligand will provide new insights into a few types of neurological disorders.
Rapid and efficient generation of antigen‐specific isogenic T cells from cryopreserved blood samples
Authors: Eerkens Anneke L , Vledder Annegé , van Rooij Nienke , Foijer Floris , Nijman Hans W , de Bruyn Marco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)‐mediated gene editing has been leveraged for the modification of human and mouse T cells. However, limited experience is available on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 electroporation in cryopreserved T cells collected during clinical trials. To address this, we aimed to optimize a CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing protocol compatible with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples routinely produced during clinical trials. PBMCs from healthy donors were used to generate knockout T‐cell models for interferon‐γ, Cbl proto‐oncogene B (CBLB), Fas cell surface death receptor (Fas) and T‐cell receptor (TCRαβ) genes. The effect of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing on T cells was evaluated using apoptosis assays, cytokine bead arrays and ex vivo and in vitro stimulation assays. Our results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing of ex vivo T cells is efficient and does not overtly affect T‐cell viability. Cytokine release and T‐cell proliferation were not affected in gene‐edited T cells. Interestingly, memory T cells were more susceptible to CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing than naïve T cells. Ex vivo and in vitro stimulation with antigens resulted in equivalent antigen‐specific T‐cell responses in gene‐edited and untouched control cells, making CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing compatible with clinical antigen‐specific T‐cell activation and expansion assays. Here, we report an optimized protocol for rapid, viable and highly efficient genetic modification in ex vivo human antigen‐specific T cells, for subsequent functional evaluation and/or expansion. Our platform extends CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing for use in gold‐standard clinically used immune‐monitoring pipelines and serves as a starting point for development of analogous approaches, such as those including transcriptional activators and/or epigenetic modifiers.
Remittances and emigration intentions: Evidence from Armenia
Authors: Grigoryan Aleksandr , Khachatryan Knar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmigration intentions and effects of international migration constitute important yet understudied directions of contemporary migration research. In this paper, we analyse a recent migration wave in Armenia, using household‐level representative data from 2011. We identify determinants of emigration intentions within a model framework with endogenous remittances, instrumented by community‐level factors such as budget revenue, budget transparency and community remoteness. We find that remittances help potential migrants to ease the migration process, serving as a resource rather than as a contractual tool between migrants and non‐migrants. Also, remittance recipients with high emigration intentions are more likely to be located in poor communities. When distinguishing the destination country for potential migrants, post‐Soviet versus Western countries (EU countries or USA), we find that the instruments identified for remittances are more relevant for individuals targeting the post‐Soviet area (mainly Russia). Nevertheless, remittances remain a significant resource for migrating to Western countries. The two pools of potential migrants considerably differ in the main set of skill characteristics: high‐skilled potential migrants opt for Western countries (brain drain), while the low‐skilled prefer post‐Soviet countries as a destination. We discuss our results from the socio‐economic development perspective, such as the threat of chain migration inherent to poor communities and the whole country. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the relationship between migration and remittances for countries with similar settings.
The impact of COVID‐19 on migrant women in son Gotleu (Palma) and the development of outreach tools to improve health and social care
Authors: García‐Pazo Patricia , Guillén‐Solà Mireia , Santos‐Sopena Oscar O. , García‐Avelló Macarena , Bauzà‐Amengual Maria de LLuc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe objectives of this research protocol are as follows: to examine the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on health and social care for migrant women in the Son Gotleu district of Palma de Mallorca, Spain, and to develop outreach tools to target this specific group.DesignThis is a qualitative study that uses content analysis to obtain in‐depth knowledge of personal experience (manifest content) and contextual experience (latent content) in a specific social setting.MethodsThe study population are migrant women living in Son Gotleu district, who are segmented by their age and experience of COVID‐19, defined as positive or negative according to whether or not they have been infected with the disease.ResultsThe shortcomings and needs relating to communication and health care that affect this group's current and future quality of life will be identified.ConclusionThe study of migrant women offers a gateway allowing vulnerability in health care to be detected. An awareness of their needs will allow prototype tools to be developed to facilitate communication and care for general and acute health needs between the scientific community and the vulnerable population.
Development of duplex qPCR targeting Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and Vagococcus salmoninarum
Authors: Standish Isaac , McCann Rebekah , Puzach Corey , Leis Eric , Bailey Jennifer , Dziki Sara , Katona Ryan , Lark Ellen , Edwards Carey , Keesler Brandon , Reichley Stephen , King Stacy , Knupp Christopher , Harrison Courtney , Loch Thomas , Phillips Kenneth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn November 2018, Vagococcus salmoninarum was identified as the causative agent of a chronic coldwater streptococcosis epizootic in broodstock brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at the Iron River National Fish Hatchery in Wisconsin, USA. By February 2019, the epizootic spread to adjacent raceways containing broodstock lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), whereby fish were found to be coinfected with Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and V. salmoninarum. To differentiate these two pathogens and determine the primary cause of the lake trout morbidity, a quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) was developed targeting the C. maltaromaticum phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS) gene. The qPCR was combined with a V. salmoninarum qPCR, creating a duplex qPCR assay that simultaneously quantitates C. maltaromaticum and V. salmoninarum concentrations in individual lake trout tissues, and screens presumptive isolates from hatchery inspections and wild fish from national fish hatchery source waters throughout the Great Lakes basin. Vagococcus salmoninarum and C. maltaromaticum were co‐detected in broodstock brook trout from two tribal hatcheries and C. maltaromaticum was present in wild fish in source waters of several national fish hatcheries. This study provides a powerful new tool to differentiate and diagnose two emerging Gram‐positive bacterial pathogens.
Advancing Clinical Trials in Nursing Homes: A Proposed Roadmap to Success
Authors: Gurwitz Jerry H. , Quinn Charlene C. , Abi‐Elias Ivan H. , Adams Alyce S. , Bartel Rosie , Bonner Alice , Boxer Rebecca , Delude Christopher , Gifford David , Hanson Bruce , Ito Kouta , Jain Paavani , Magaziner Jay S. , Mazor Kathleen M. , Mitchell Susan L. , Mody Lona , Nace David , Ouslander Joseph , Reifsnyder Jo Anne , Resnick Barbara , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn effective clinical research effort in nursing homes to address prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 faced overwhelming challenges. Under the Health Care Systems Research Network‐Older Americans Independence Centers AGING Initiative, a multidisciplinary Stakeholder Advisory Panel was convened to develop recommendations to improve the capability of the clinical research enterprise in US nursing homes. The Panel considered the nursing home as a setting for clinical trials, reviewed the current state of clinical trials in nursing homes, and ultimately developed recommendations for the establishment of a nursing home clinical trials research network that would be centrally supported and administered. This report summarizes the Panel's recommendations, which were developed in alignment with the following core principles: build on available research infrastructure where appropriate; leverage existing productive partnerships of researchers with groups of nursing homes and nursing home corporations; encompass both efficacy and effectiveness clinical trials; be responsive to a broad range of stakeholders including nursing home residents and their care partners; be relevant to an expansive range of clinical and health care delivery research questions; be able to pivot as necessary to changing research priorities and circumstances; create a pathway for industry‐sponsored research as appropriate; invest in strategies to increase diversity in study populations and the research workforce; and foster the development of the next generation of nursing home researchers.
Challenging behaviour in students with intellectual disabilities: the role of individual and classmates' communication skills
Authors: Hofmann V. , Müller C. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at increased risk of developing challenging behaviour. Challenging behaviour may be partially explained by low individual communicative competences. However, communication involves at least two partners, thus outcomes may also vary according to each interaction partners' abilities. We therefore investigated the degree to which the interplay between individual and classmates' communication skills predicts changes in challenging behaviour among students with ID.MethodsThis study used a longitudinal design with two measurement points across one school year. Challenging behaviour and communication skills were measured by teacher reports in 1125 students with ID attending special needs schools. Applying a multilevel approach, we investigated (1) whether higher individual communication skills at the first measurement were related to a subsequent decrease in challenging behaviour and (2) whether this effect was moderated by classmates' levels of communication skills. In addition, we examined (3) if classroom communication skills were indirectly related to a decrease in challenging behaviour by influencing individual communicative abilities.ResultsHigher individual communication skills at the first measurement were significantly related to a decrease in general challenging behaviour over the school year. This effect was not moderated by classroom‐level communication skills. However, classmates' communication skills exerted an indirect influence by enhancing individual communicative abilities. Further analyses suggested classroom contextual effects related to a decrease in several sub‐domains of challenging behaviour.ConclusionsThe study results suggest that both individual communicative competences and those of the classroom context are relevant to understanding challenging behaviour development in ID. Perspectives for counteracting such behaviour in light of the present findings are discussed.
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity Meets the Zero Lower Bound
Authors: AMANO ROBERT , GNOCCHI STEFANO 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe add downward nominal wage rigidity to a standard New Keynesian model where the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates is allowed to bind. Wage rigidity reduces the frequency of zero bound episodes but also mitigates the severity of corresponding recessions. As a result, previous studies abstracting from the presence of wage rigidity may have overemphasized the need for increasing the inflation target to offset the costs associated with hitting the zero bound. Moreover, our findings add to the recent debate on the presumed benefits of wage flexibility that has arisen in the aftermath of the Great Recession.
Relationship between resilience and self‐care in people with chronic conditions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jin Yuanyuan , Bhattarai Muna , Kuo Wan‐chin , Bratzke Lisa C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiving with chronic condition(s) is difficult, due in part to the complexities of effective disease self‐care. Self‐care has been considered a challenging process according to the literature which describes multiple barriers patients with chronic conditions experience. Resilience has the potential to buffer the adversities of daily self‐care and maintain physical and emotional well‐being. No systematic review and meta‐analysis have been conducted to synthesise and quantify the relationship between resilience and self‐care across chronic conditions.Aims(1) To examine how the definitions and measurements of self‐care and resilience align with the middle‐range theory of self‐care of chronic illness (i.e. self‐care maintenance, self‐care monitoring, and self‐care management) and 3 Rs of resilience process from the society‐to‐cells framework (i.e. resistance, recovery and rebound) across different chronic conditions; and (2) to examine whether and the degree to which resilience is correlated with self‐care across different chronic conditions.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis, following PRISMA guidelines.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, SocINDEX and PsychINFO were searched for quantitative studies published from January 2000 through July 2020. Descriptive data were summarised using numerical counting to provide an overview of the study characteristics. Definitions and measurements of self‐care and resilience were synthesised narratively based on self‐care and resilience theories. Numerical data with Pearson's product–moment correlation among observational studies were examined using meta‐analysis.ResultsThis review included 20 articles, involving 9,269 individuals across 11 chronic conditions. Despite self‐care and resilience being defined and operationalised in a variety of ways, most definitions shared some underlying core constructs. Meta‐analysis showed a positive relationship between resilience and self‐care across chronic conditions. Findings from interventional studies indicated a bidirectional relationship between resilience and self‐care.ConclusionsOverall, resilience was positively associated with self‐care in people with chronic conditions. Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to better understand the causal relationship between resilience and self‐care.Relevant to clinical practiceResilience has the potential to buffer the adversities of daily self‐care and maintain physical and emotional well‐being. The positive relationship between resilience and self‐care found in this review provides preliminary evidence for clinicians to not only focus on reducing barriers and risk factors of self‐care but also to improve or increase patients’ resilience through various evidence‐based interventions.
ITGA7, CD133, ALDH1 are inter‐correlated, and linked with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis as well as worse survival in surgical cervical cancer
Authors: Yuan Na , Wang Lei , Xi Qiang , Zou Niandong , Zhang Xianyu , Lu Xiurong , Zhang Zhilin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimIntegrin alpha 7 (ITGA7) regulates cancer stemness and metastasis in several malignancies, while its role in cervical cancer is obscure. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the correlation among ITGA7, cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133), and aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1 (ALDH1), as well as their relation to tumor features and survival in cervical cancer patients.MethodsA total of 133 surgical cervical cancer patients were enrolled. Tumor ITGA7, CD133, and ALDH1 expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Furthermore, the clinicopathological features, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were collected.ResultsITGA7 expression positively related to CD133 expression (p = 0.040) and ALDH1 expression (p < 0.001). Besides, ITGA7 (p = 0.001), CD133 (p = 0.016), and ALDH1 (p = 0.009) high expressions linked with poor tumor differentiation; meanwhile, ITGA7 (p = 0.010) and ALDH1 (p = 0.004) high expressions correlated with more prevalence of lymph node metastasis. However, ITGA7, CD133, or ALDH1 expression was not associated with other clinicopathological features. Inspiringly, it was worth noting that ITGA7 (p = 0.009), CD133 (p = 0.041), and ALDH1 (p = 0.035) high expressions predicted unfavorable DFS; meanwhile, both ITGA7 (p = 0.021) and ALDH1 (p = 0.023) high expressions but not CD133 expression (p = 0.169) forecasted exasperated OS.ConclusionITGA7, CD133, ALDH1 are inter‐correlated, and linked with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis as well as worse survival in surgical cervical cancer.
Low antispike antibody levels correlate with poor outcomes in COVID‐19 breakthrough hospitalizations
Authors: Sanghavi Devang K. , Bhakta Shivang , Wadei Hani M. , Bosch Wendelyn , Cowart Jennifer B. , Carter Rickey E. , Shah Sadia Z. , Pollock Benjamin D. , Neville Matthew R. , Oman Sven P. , Speicher Leigh , Siegel Jason , Scindia Ameya D. , Libertin Claudia R. , Kunze Katie L. , Johnson Patrick W. , Matson Mark W. , Franco Pablo Moreno 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile COVID‐19 immunization programs attempted to reach targeted rates, cases rose significantly since the emergence of the delta variant. This retrospective cohort study describes the correlation between antispike antibodies and outcomes of hospitalized, breakthrough cases during the delta variant surge.MethodsAll patients with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction hospitalized at Mayo Clinic Florida from 19 June 2021 to 11 November 2021 were considered for analysis. Cases were analyzed by vaccination status. Breakthrough cases were then analyzed by low and high antibody titers against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein, with a cut‐off value of ≥132 U/ml. Outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), need for intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation, and mortality. We used 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity score matching without replacement to assess for confounders.ResultsAmong 627 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, vaccine breakthrough cases were older with more comorbidities compared to unvaccinated. After propensity score matching, the unvaccinated patients had higher mortality (27 [28.4%] vs. 12 [12.6%], p = 0.002) and LOS (7 [1.0–57.0] vs. 5 [1.0–31.0] days, p = 0.011). In breakthrough cases, low‐titer patients were more likely to be solid organ transplant recipients (16 [34.0%] vs. 9 [12.3%], p = 0.006), with higher need for ICU care (24 [51.1%] vs. 22 [11.0%], p = 0.034), longer hospital LOS (median 6 vs. 5 days, p = 0.013), and higher mortality (10 [21.3%] vs. 5 [6.8%], p = 0.025) than high‐titer patients.ConclusionsHospitalized breakthrough cases were more likely to have underlying risk factors than unvaccinated patients. Low‐spike antibody titers may serve as an indicator for poor prognosis in breakthrough cases admitted to the hospital.
Politicians and Scandals that Damage the Party Brand
Authors: Schönhage Nanna Lauritz , Geys Benny 
Published: February 2022

Scandals can cause serious damage to political parties’ brand name and reputation, which may taint all members of the party—even those not implicated in the scandal. In this article, we therefore explore how (uninvolved) politicians are likely to react to the eruption of such events. Building on a survey among UK local councilors (N = 2133), we first document the prevalence of distinct response strategies (such as distancing oneself from the scandal‐hit party or redirecting attention to similar events in other parties). Then, building on a between‐subject survey‐experimental design, we assess the moderating roles of partisanship and scandal type. We show that a scandal in one’s own party reduces the probability of distancing oneself from the scandal‐hit party (particularly among men). We also find that scandal type matters: pointing out similar scandals in other parties is less likely for sex scandals compared to financial scandals (particularly among women).