bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from what we know: How to perform vulnerability prediction using noisy historical data
Authors: Garg Aayush , Degiovanni Renzo , Jimenez Matthieu , Cordy Maxime , Papadakis Mike , Le Traon Yves 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVulnerability prediction refers to the problem of identifying system components that are most likely to be vulnerable. Typically, this problem is tackled by training binary classifiers on historical data. Unfortunately, recent research has shown that such approaches underperform due to the following two reasons: a) the imbalanced nature of the problem, and b) the inherently noisy historical data, i.e., most vulnerabilities are discovered much later than they are introduced. This misleads classifiers as they learn to recognize actual vulnerable components as non-vulnerable. To tackle these issues, we propose TROVON, a technique that learns from known vulnerable components rather than from vulnerable and non-vulnerable components, as typically performed. We perform this by contrasting the known vulnerable, and their respective fixed components. This way, TROVON manages to learn from the things we know, i.e., vulnerabilities, hence reducing the effects of noisy and unbalanced data. We evaluate TROVON by comparing it with existing techniques on three security-critical open source systems, i.e., Linux Kernel, OpenSSL, and Wireshark, with historical vulnerabilities that have been reported in the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). Our evaluation demonstrates that the prediction capability of TROVON significantly outperforms existing vulnerability prediction techniques such as Software Metrics, Imports, Function Calls, Text Mining, Devign, LSTM, and LSTM-RF with an improvement of 40.84% in Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) score under Clean Training Data Settings, and an improvement of 35.52% under Realistic Training Data Settings.
How common is the common-ratio effect?
Authors: Blavatskyy Pavlo , Panchenko Valentyn , Ortmann Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe common-ratio effect and the Allais Paradox (common-consequence effect) are the two best‐known violations of Expected Utility Theory. We reexamine data from 39 articles reporting experiments (143 designs/parameterizations, 14,909 observations) and find that the common-ratio effect is systematically affected by experimental design and implementation choices. The common-ratio effect is more likely to be observed in experiments with a low common-ratio factor, a high ratio of middle to highest outcome, when lotteries are presented as simple probability distributions (not in a compound/frequency form), and with high hypothetical incentives.
Development and Evaluation of a Prospective Group Coaching Program: Increasing Well-Being and Openness to the Future in a Subclinical Sample
Authors: Fischer Elena , Glashauser Andrea , Laireiter Anton-Rupert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProspection is the ability to think about the future in order to guide behavior and gain desirable outcomes. Although theoretical research on the topic exists, there is a lack of practical application. We developed and evaluated a prospective coaching program in a subclinical sample with limited subjective well-being. Twenty-nine participants (Mage = 40.6 years, SD = 13.6; range 19–62 years) participated in three 3-h sessions of a prospective coaching intervention. In a between- and within-subject design, participants completed preintervention, postintervention, and follow-up questionnaires. We compared the effects to those in a waitlist control group with no intervention (n = 37). Linear mixed models revealed improvements in the primary variables subjective well-being and openness to the future. We also found effects in the secondary outcomes hopelessness, subjective stress, depression, positive affect, and optimism in the experimental group, but not in the waiting list control group. This pilot study, to our knowledge, is the first to prove the effectiveness of a prospective group coaching program on relevant outcomes in a subclinical sample. Further studies, for instance, with a larger sample, are needed to gain more insight on the effects of prospection in mental health promotion.
Lipoxin A4 attenuated dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy via activation of PGC-1α/Nrf2/TFAM pathway
Authors: Rizk Fatma H. , Soliman Nema A. , Kashef Shaimaa M. , Elsaadany Amira A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProlonged dexamethasone (DEX) administration causes skeletal muscle atrophy through induction of both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is a recognized antioxidant but its effect against DEX-induced muscle atrophy has not been studied yet. This study aimed to assess the potential ameliorating effect of LXA4 on DEX-induced muscle atrophy and investigate the possible involvement of the mitochondrial dynamics pathway and the redox state in this effect. Forty male rats were divided into four groups; normal control, LXA4-treated, DEX-treated, and LXA4 plus DEX-treated. At the end of the experiment, LXA4 counteracted the effect of DEX on different parameters including muscle weight, muscle strength, serum creatine kinase activity, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents, Na/K-ATPase and citrate synthase activities, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). These findings signify the promising therapeutic effect of LXA4 against DEX-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and indicate the possible involvement of LXA4-induced mitochondrial activation in addition to its well-known antioxidant effects.
Modulation of the biosynthesis of oxyprenylated coumarins in calli from Ferulago campestris elicited by ferulic acid
Authors: Fiorito Serena , Palumbo Lucia , Epifano Francesco , Fraternale Daniele , Collevecchio Chiara , Genovese Salvatore 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious and recent literature acquisitions suggested that cultured calli are an efficient and meaningful model to investigate the extent and fate of prenylation of phenylpropanoid cores in plants belonging to the Rutaceae and Apiaceae families upon administration of putative biosynthetic precursors. To this concern, in the present manuscript, we investigated the effect of supplementation of ferulic acid and umbelliferone on the biosynthesis of their oxyprenylated counterparts in Ferulago campestris (Besser) Grecescu (Fam. Apiaceae) cultured calli. Dried plant biomass material has been extracted by an ultrasound-assisted extraction with EtOH. O-prenyl secondary metabolites, namely 3,3-dimethylallyloxy, geranyloxy, and farnesyloxy derivatives of both ferulic acid and umbelliferone, were identified and quantified by HPLC/DAD analyses. Supplementation with ferulic acid was the only treatment providing appreciable results. Quite surprisingly, its addition to cultured calli did not affect the formation of its oxyprenylated phytochemicals but boosted the biosynthesis of umbelliferone and its farnesyloxy-derivative umbrelliprenin. The findings reported herein enforce and underline the role of ferulic acid as an elicitor of selected classes of secondary metabolites in apiaceous species, as recently observed. In addition to these results, a novel hitherto unknown metabolite from F. campestris, namely 7-[[(2E)-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octen-1-yl]oxy]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, was characterized by NMR and LC–MS analyses.
Co-MLHAN: contrastive learning for multilayer heterogeneous attributed networks
Authors: Martirano Liliana , Zangari Lorenzo , Tagarelli Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGraph representation learning has become a topic of great interest and many works focus on the generation of high-level, task-independent node embeddings for complex networks. However, the existing methods consider only few aspects of networks at a time. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, named , to learn node embeddings for networks that are simultaneously multilayer, heterogeneous and attributed. We leverage contrastive learning as a self-supervised and task-independent machine learning paradigm and define a cross-view mechanism between two views of the original graph which collaboratively supervise each other. We evaluate our framework on the entity classification task. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of and its variant , showing their capability of exploiting across-layer information in addition to other types of knowledge.
Isotropic Tuning of Electrochemical Etching for the Nanometric Finishing of Metals
Authors: Yi Rong , Zhan Zejin , Deng Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIsotropic etching polishing (IEP) based on the merging of isotropic etch pits has been proposed as a generic metal finishing approach. In this work, the tuning of the etching isotropy of various metals, which is the key to realizing the finishing effect of IEP, is studied by theoretical analysis and etching experiments. The isotropic etching of various metals can be realized through mass transfer polarization by adjusting the electrochemical parameters. The addition of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte is the most effective for tuning the isotropy of electrochemical etching. It can decrease the diffusion coefficient of metal ions, thereby increasing the resistance of mass transfer and transforming the electrochemical dissolution of metal into mass transfer polarization. In this study, the atomic and close-to-atomic scale surface finishing of various metals and alloys has been successfully achieved through isotropic etching. After etching at a current of 1.5 A for 3 min, the surface Sa roughness of TA2 is drastically reduced from 242 to 3.98 nm. After etching for 1 min at a current of 3 A, the surface Sa roughness of pure tungsten, NiTi, and CoCrNi decreases from 9.33, 76.4, and 37.6 nm, respectively, to 1.16, 2.01, and 2.51 nm, respectively.
Therapeutisches Management der chronischen Obstipation
Authors: Pohl Daniel , Levenfus Jan , Adamina Michel , Capraru Sandra , Heinrich Henriette , Krieger-Grübel Claudia , Linas Ioannis , Restellini Sophie , Tutuian Radu 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie chronische Obstipation ist eine häufige Erkrankung mit einer Prävalenz von 14 % in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Unser Ziel war, eine aktuelle Stellungnahme von Schweizer Expert/innen zum klinischen Management der chronischen Obstipation vorzustellen. Nach einer gründlichen Literaturrecherche durch Expert/innen aus den relevanten Bereichen wurden ausgewählte wichtige Empfehlungen der aktuellen ESNM(European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility)-Guideline als Grundlage für die Stellungnahme der Schweizer Expert/innen zur Behandlung der Obstipation zusammengestellt und durch einen praxisbezogenen Algorithmus ergänzt. Jeder Empfehlung wurden entsprechende GRADE(Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation)-Evidenzniveaus zugewiesen.
Ethical risks of AI-designed products: bespoke surgical tools as a case study
Authors: Douglas David M. , Lacey Justine , Howard David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn emerging use of machine learning (ML) is creating products optimised using computational design for individual users and produced using 3D printing. One potential application is bespoke surgical tools optimised for specific patients. While optimised tool designs benefit patients and surgeons, there is the risk that computational design may also create unexpected designs that are unsuitable for use with potentially harmful consequences. We interviewed potential stakeholders to identify both established and unique technical risks associated with the use of computational design for surgical tool design and applied ethical risk analysis (eRA) to identify how stakeholders might be exposed to ethical risk within this process. The main findings of this research are twofold. First, distinguishing between unique and established risks for new medical technologies helps identify where existing methods of risk mitigation may be applicable to a surgical innovation, and where new means of mitigating risks may be needed. Second, the value of distinguishing between technical and ethical risks in such a system is that it identifies the key responsibilities for managing these risks and allows for any potential interdependencies between stakeholders in managing these risks to be made explicit. The approach demonstrated in this paper may be applied to understanding the implications of new AI and ML applications in healthcare and other high consequence domains.
Modification of the susceptibility gene TaPsIPK1 - a win-win for wheat disease resistance and yield
Authors: Macho Alberto , Wang Pengcheng , Zhu Jian-Kang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWheat is one of the most important cereal crops, and it is essential for worldwide food security. However, wheat production is threatened by various diseases, including wheat stripe rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). The development of plant resistance against disease is usually challenged by potential reduction in crop yield due to the enhancement of plant immunity. In a recent article, Wang et al. found that TaPsIPK1 is a susceptibility gene targeted by rust effectors. Editing of TaPsIPK1 increases resistance to stripe rust without any developmental effects or yield penalty, providing an exceptional resource for developing disease resistance in wheat.
Microbial quality and antimicrobial residue of local and industrial processed fruit juice sold in Tamale, Ghana
Authors: Jimma Fidaus Iddrisu , Mohammed Amina , Adzaworlu Emmanuel Gameli , Nzeh Joseph , Quansah Lydia , Dufailu Osman Adamu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFruits are essential part of human nutrition that provides numerous health benefits. When processed into juice, they are either packaged and stored or consumed immediately. Some reports associate foodborne illness with consumption of natural beverages contaminated with pathogenic microbes. Also, concerns of antimicrobial resistance due to antimicrobial residues in fruit juices has been raised. Thus, this study assessed the microbial quality of fruit juice by determining the incidence and load of E. coli and Salmonella spp., and the presence of antimicrobial residues in locally processed fruit juices (n = 25) and industrially (n = 3) processed fruit juices sold in Tamale, Ghana. Spread plate technique was adopted for isolation and enumeration of bacteria whilst the Premi® test kit was employed for detecting the presence of antimicrobial residue. Neither E. coli nor Salmonella spp. is recorded in all three industrially processed fruit juice samples. However, the locally processed fresh fruit juice samples recorded a prevalence rate of 88% E. coli and 40% Salmonella spp. with microbial load of 1.3 × 104 cfu/ml—9.23 × 104 cfu/ml for E. coli which is above the acceptable limits. Antimicrobial residues were absent in all 28 samples analyzed. The incidence and high E. coli load found in the local fresh fruit juice is of concern. Future studies should elucidate the pathogenicity of the isolates. Also, to avert possible foodborne illness linked with the consumption of local fresh fruit juices within Tamale and to ensure food safety, increase public health surveillance is recommended.
Migrant Health and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study of Characteristics, Clinical Features, and Health Outcome from Iran
Authors: Sohrabi Mohammad-Reza , Amin Rozhin , Maher Ali , Janbazi Shahriar , Zali Ali-Reza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
As the pandemic unfolds, major concerns remain with those in disadvantaged positions who may be disproportionately affected. This paper aimed to present the characteristics of COVID-19 immigrant patients and investigate whether they were disproportionately affected by COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed using data on 589,146 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Iran. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the study population’s characteristics. Chi-squared test and logistic regression model were applied.

Results
After accounting for possible confounding covariates, being an immigrant was significantly associated with increased risk of death due to COVID-19 (OR 1.64, CI 1.568–1.727). When compared to Iranian-born patients, the prevalence of low blood oxygen levels on admission was higher among immigrant patients (53.9% versus 47.7%, P value < 0.001). Moreover, greater proportions of immigrants who were diagnosed with COVID-19 were admitted to an ICU (17% versus 15.8%, P value < 0.001). Patients aged 65 and above were the largest age category in both populations. However, there was a significant difference between the age profiles of patients, with children under the age of eighteen presenting 16% of immigrant patients vs 6.6% of Iranian-born patients (P value < 0.001). In both groups, more men were affected by COVID-19 than women, yet the sex bias was more prominent for migrant patients (P value < 0.001).

Conclusion
The evidence from this study revealed that immigrant patients infected with COVID-19 were more likely to suffer from severe health outcome of the disease compared to Iranian-born patients.
The management outcome of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) compared to thrombectomy in thrombosed haemorrhoids, a prospective observational study
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Hamza Aamir 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Treatment of thrombosed haemorrhoids was mainly depending on surgery (thrombectomy) and reduction with evidence morbidity and recurrence rates.

Objectives
To evaluate efficacy of GTN compared to thrombectomy in treating thrombosed heamorrhoids, to describe the morbidity and post treatment complications of both treatment modalities.

Patients and methods
This study is descriptive observational prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study, conducted in Omdurman Teaching Hospital during period from November 2017 to December 2018. Data were collected by standardized questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The treatment choices was according to patient preference. Two independent samples t-test for continuous data comparing the means of the groups. The questions were answered as Yes/No and coded as 1/0 binary data so proportion test was used for comparing the two groups.

Results
Sixty patients satisfied the requirement inclusion criteria were included in the study.The majority of the patients were males (53.3%) and most frequent age group were less than 30 (48.3%) years old, ranging from 16 to 56 years with mean age 32.2 ± 9.3SD. Almost all patients presented with pain and swelling. Ninety percent had swelling less than 5 cm. Most of patient develop complications from the surgery, majority develop post operative pain (36.7%), the bleeding was dominant post surgery compared to GTN (28.33%) in day 1 P value 0.015 and 18% on first week P value 0.001.Infection was only found post surgery as patients required antibiotics and dressing P value 0.038.Few patients develop late recurrence (6.7%) post surgery mainly in second and third month follow up. In GTN usage less pain and bleeding but slightly higher numbers of patients develop dizziness (8.33%) in day 1.Overall GTN user had higher rates without complications through all the 3 months follow up period P value 0.010.

Conclusion
The GTN usage is safe, simple, effective and less morbidity than surgery.The study comes out with recommendations like increase the use of GTN instead of surgery and aware the population about the morbidity of surgery.
Hemodynamic profile effects of PM101 amiodarone formulation in patients with post-operative tachyarrhythmias
Authors: DeCoy Meredith , Page-Goertz Christopher , Nofziger Ryan , Besunder James , Raimer Patricia , Gothard David , Brown Miraides , Stewart Robert , Ruggles Cassandra , Breedlove Kristen , Clark John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAmiodarone may be considered for patients with junctional ectopic tachycardia refractory to treatment with sedation, analgesia, cooling, and electrolyte replacements. There are currently no published pediatric data regarding the hemodynamic effects of the newer amiodarone formulation, PM101, devoid of hypotensive agents used in the original amiodarone formulation. We performed a single-center, retrospective, descriptive study from January 2012 to December 2020 in a pediatric ICU. Thirty-three patients were included (22 male and 11 female) between the ages of 1.1 and 1,460 days who developed post-operative junctional ectopic tachycardia or other tachyarrhythmias requiring PM101. Data analysis was performed on hemodynamic parameters (mean arterial pressures and heart rate) and total PM101 (mg/kg) from hour 0 of amiodarone administration to hour 72. Adverse outcomes were defined as Vasoactive-Inotropic Score >20, patients requiring ECMO or CPR, or patient death. There was no statistically significant decrease in mean arterial pressures within the 6 hours of PM101 administration (p > 0.05), but there was a statistically significant therapeutic decrease in heart rate for resolution of tachyarrhythmia (p < 0.05). Patients received up to 25 mg/kg in an 8-hour time for rate control. Average rate control was achieved within 11.91 hours and average rhythm control within 62 hours. There were four adverse events around the time of PM101 administration, with three determined to not be associated with the medication. PM101 is safe and effective in the pediatric cardiac surgical population. Our study demonstrated that PM101 can be used in a more aggressive dosing regimen than previously reported in pediatric literature with the prior formulation.
What If the Black Forest Owned Itself? A Constitutional Property Law Perspective on Rights of Nature
Authors: Hoops Björn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOwnership has been a key tool in the exploitation of nature for centuries. However, ownership could also shield natural entities from extraction and pollution if it were vested in them, rather than in humans or corporations. Through a case study of German constitutional property law, this article examines the normative content of this constitutional right. It argues that in owning themselves, natural entities would have numerous tools to fend off human interference with their self-determination. Constitutional property law would require any harmful activity affecting the natural entity to be based upon legislation and necessary to achieve a public purpose. The natural entity would enjoy broader access to justice. Courts would also often award appropriate remedies; where the natural entity would be awarded only compensation, this would be unsatisfactory because money cannot replace nature. The article finds that constitutional property law offers the potential for further protection from human interference, which has not been realized because of anthropocentric value judgments prevalent in German legal doctrine. Ecocentric approaches to ownership and invalidity as a standard remedy would play an important role in unlocking the full potential of ownership for environmental protection.