bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Applications of A Biological Insecticide for Control of Colorado Potato Beetles in Potatoes, 1989
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’ white potatoes were planted on 29 Apr in a Sassafras sandy loam soil. Plots consisted of 3 rows of potatoes, each being 20-ft long and 3-ft wide, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a self-propelled, high clearance sprayer with one drop nozzle on each side of the row and one over the center of each row calibrated to deliver 59 gal/acre at 40 psi operated at 2 mph. Bacillus thuringiensis (M-One 5.6%) treatments were applied at a rate of 2 qts/acre. Plot A was treated at approximately 33% CPB egg hatch (4 Jun), plot B treated 2 days later (6 Jun), plot C treated 2 days after plot B (8 Jun), plot D treated 2 days after plot C (10 Jun) and plot E was untreated. All plots received a second and third treatment 7 and 14 days, respectively, after their first treatment. Percent plant defoliation caused by Colorado potato beetle was recorded on 16 and 26 Jun. The number of potato hills with at least one stalk in flower was recorded on 20 Jun. Numbers of small CPB larvae (first and second instars) and large (third and fourth instars) larvae/5 hills were recorded on 16 Jun, and numbers of large larvae were again recorded on 26 Jun. Plots were harvested and yields (cwt/ acre) were recorded on 9 Sep. All data were taken from the middle row.
Wireworm Control on Potato, 1989
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. , Terlemezian Grant 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size potatoes were planted 23 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Treatments were 2 rows wide and 100 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Granular insecticides were applied in furrow with a planter-mounted granular applicator. A non-insecticidal check was planted between every 2 insecticidal treatments. The plots were not sprayed with any foliar insecticide. On 18 Sep, potatoes were harvested, counted and scored for wireworm injury. Control for each treatment was calculated as percent reduction in wireworm damage relative to the adjacent untreated control.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potato in Minnesota, and North Dakota, 1989
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. , Terlemezian Grant 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 10 May at the University of Minnesota Northwest Agricultural Experimental Station, Crookston and at the Red River Valley Potato Grower’s Association Research Farm, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Plots at the Rosemount Experimental Station were planted 18 May. Plots at Grafton, North Dakota were in a commercial production field. Experimental plots were 15 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Insecticidal sprays were applied 3 Jul, at Rosemount and 5 Jul at Crookston with a COa-powered hand sprayer delivering 100 gal of water/acre. CPB populations were very high. Posttreatment evaluations were done at 24 h and 48 h after spraying at Rosemount, and 24 h and 7 d after at the other 3 locations. Evaluations consisted of direct counts of all second- and third-instar larvae on 10 plants/plot.
Control of Pyrethroid Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, 1988
Authors: Noetzel David , Holder Bobby , Holen Carlyle , Preston Duane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size seed was planted at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm in Grand Forks, ND on 4 May. Plots were 4 36 inch rows × 30 ft in length. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block. Two replicates were placed in Monona and two replicates in Norchip. The Temik treatment was applied over the planting ridge on 22 May (pre-emergence) and lightly incorporated. Foliar applications were made on 22 Jun, 3 and 20 Jul and 14 Aug. Counts and estimates were taken on 29 Jun, 20 Jul and 14 Aug. The second row of each plot was harvested and yields of #1 and #2 potatoes recorded separately.
Rate Evaluation with M-One Insecticide for Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1989
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey , Speese John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 20 Apr at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft long row bordered on one side by 2 untreated rows and on the other side by bare ground. Potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays wre applied with a propane compressed-gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow-cone nozzles per row and delivering 70 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made weekly from 26 May through 23 Jun. Evaluation criteria consisted of visual counts of CPB small (LI and L2) larvae, large (L3 and L4) larvae, and adults on 10 randomly chosen stems/treatment plot. Percent defoliation for each treatment was estimated on 21 Jun, and harvest data was taken from the entire treated row in each treatment plot.
Squash Bug Control on Watermelon, 1989
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Fargo W. S. , Scott W. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of several insecticides was investigated in a test with small plots of watermelon grown on a clay laom soil at the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station near Stillwater. Plots were established on 18 May by transplanting seedling plants into plastic mulch. Experimental plots were 30 ft long by 10 ft wide, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. A single insecticide application was made on 11 Aug, using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 50 psi through 3 TX-18 hollow-cone nozzles Efficacy of treatments was assessed by randomly selecting 4 areas (1 m2) in each plot and counting squash bug nymphs on all plant parts and the mulch surface within each sample quadrant. Counts were made on 12 Aug (1 DAT), 15 Aug (4 DAT), and 18 Aug (7 DAT). Data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1989
Authors: Flessel John K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 1-yr-old stand of'WL 316' alfalfa at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, was used for this study. Treatments were applied 17 Jul using a tractor mounted hydraulic sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 32 psi using 8002 Teejet flat-fan nozzles. Plots were 20 by 40 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Insects samples 1, 3, 7, 11, 16, and 21 DAT were taken with 20 pendulum sweeps with a standard 15-inch sweep net. The alfalfa was 10 inches tall at treatment and 20-28 inches at the completion of the study. The weather was normal with the first precipitation 48 h after application. Precipitation fell on 9 days during the study and totaled 2.07 inches. Cygon at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre was the standard.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1989
Authors: Oloumi-Sadeghi Hassan , Kinney Karl K. , Steffey Kevin L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated on a 3-yr-old stand during the third alfalfa growth period at the University of Illinois Phillips Tract Farm. Plots were 40 by 45 ft with 4 replications of treatments in a raridomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 10 Aug from a tractor-mounted sprayer with a 20-ft boom and equipped with flat fan nozzles (Teejet XR8002) spaced 20 inches apart delivering 20.7 gal/acre at 30 psi. Insect abundance was estimated by taking 10 pendulum sweeps in each plot 4, 7, 11, and 15 DAT. Alfalfa stem length and plant maturity were recorded at harvest. Forage yield was determined from a 3.2 by 45 ft swath taken from each plot on 7 Sep. Subsamples of the strip-harvested hay were used for crude protein determination. Before analysis, data on PLH and minute pirate bugs were transformed by log (x + 0.5). Other counts of beneficial arthropods were transformed by (x + 0.5).
Apple, Evaluation of Insecticidal Soap, 1989
Authors: Hull L. A. , Barrett B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of'Golden Delicious' and 2 replicates of'Yorking'. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. The trees were 6-yr-old and planted to a spacing of 20 × 30 ft. The handgun treatments were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gal/min pump. Approximately 3.4 gal of spray were applied/replicate tree (ca 240 gal/acre). The airblast treatments were applied with Myers Mity Mist Sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gal/acre at 2 mph. Dates of application were; 22 May; 6 Jun; 20 Jun; 7 and 25 Jul; and 9 Aug. See tables for dates of acaricide applications and other changes. All plots were oversprayed with Dithane M-45 on a biweekly schedule. Effectiveness on the aphid complex was evaluated by counting the number of aphidinfested leaves/10 top terminals, and the number of aphids/most infested leaf. The effect of the sprays on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effeptiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite and predatory mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of the chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and 1 picked sample 27 Sep. Apple samples averaged 75 apples/tree, 300/treatment. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruits were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe).
Use of Labeled Insecticides for Control of Alfalfa Insects in Wisconsin, 1989
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental Plots measuring 12 m × 15 m were established in a field of ‘Olds 88’ alfalfa at the University of Wisconsin Arlington Research Station in Columbia County. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, and applied on 24 Jul by using a tractor-mounted compressed air sprayer equipped with 8002 Teejet flat fan nozzles delivering 141 liters of finished spray/ha at 35 PSI. The insecticide impregnated dry fertilizer was prepared by placing the dry fertilizer in plastic bags and slowly spraying the formulated insecticide with a hand mist sprayer onto the fertilizer while mixing periodically to ensure a uniform mixture. This mixture was then applied with a push-type broadcast spreader in a checkerboard pattern to ensure proper coverage. Insect abundance was estimated by taking twenty consecutive pendulum sweeps in each plot with a 38 cm diameter sweep net.
Use of Unlabeled Insecticides for Control of Alfalfa Insects in Wisconsin, 1989
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 12 m × 15 m were established in a field of 'Olds 88' alfalfa at the University of Wisconsin Arlington Research Station in Columbia County. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, and applied on 24 Jul by using a tractor-mounted compressed air sprayer equipped with 8002 Teejet flat fan nozzles delivering 141 liter of finished spray/ha at 35 PSI. Insect abundance was estimated by taking 20 consecutive pendulum sweeps in each plot with a 38 cm diam sweep net.
Seedcorn Maggot Control, 1989
Authors: Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A hand-pushed 'V belt seeder was used to plant 100 seeds in each treatment row. A 2-4 inch band of meat and bone meal was placed over each row to increase seed maggot (SM) oviposition. Each plot consisted of single row treatments 15 ft long, 3 ft apart in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Seeds were treated 21-23 Jun and plots planted 3 Jul. Damage counts were made 12 Jul for both beans and corn. Emerged seedlings in each row of the snap bean plot were counted and an avg. % damage was calculated on the number of damaged plants observed. In the corn plot, an avg. % damage was calculated by recording the injury in 25 seed pieces/row after they were dug and washed. Both plots received moderate damage from SM larvae.
Aphid Control in Canola, 1987
Authors: Johnson D. W. , Herbek J. , Murdock L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located on the Research and Education Center in Princeton, KY. Plots were 9 ft × 15 ft, were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design (except Test 1 which was a latin square). Foliar insecticides were applied to each plot on 8 Dec in 20 gal/acre, using a CO2 powered plot sprayer. Percent infestation measurements were taken 7 d post application.
Second Generation European Corn Borer Control, 1988
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Walgenbach D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A corn field near Delmont, SD was chosen for evaluating 4 European corn borer (ECB), treatments which were applied 3 Aug using a central pivot injector (Zimmatic low-pressure irrigation system delivering 0.25 inches of water.) Rows were spaced 76.2 cm apart with approximately 23,000 plants/acre. Preapplication counts indicated a uniform distribution of first-, second-, or third-instar ECB larvae in and above the primary ear of 30% of corn stalks sampled. The experiment was arranged in a completely random design with 4 samples of 20 stalks each. Stalks were split from the base to the tassel and examined for second generation ECB tunnelling (in or above primary ear) damage. The number and length of ECB cavities were recorded and analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure with means being compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Corn Borer Insecticide Efficacy Trial, 1989
Authors: Dick G. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. , Buschman L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a furrow-irrigated corn field at the Southwest Research-Extension Center. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows wide (10 ft), 50 ft long with a 10 ft border of untreated corn on each side and a 10 ft alley between plots. The simulated chemigation applications were made using 3 Delavan 100/140, 0.75 inch rain drop nozzles mounted on a high clearance sprayer at tassel height between rows. This system was calibrated to deliver the equivalent of a 0.16 inch irrigation on the 2 center rows (4374 gal/acre). The standard treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer using a 10 ft boom with 3 nozzles directed at each row (one nozzle directly over the row and one on each side of the row on 18 inch drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal/ acre using a ground speed of 2.3 mph and 30 psi. Treatments of Andalin, Dimilin, and Capture were applied on 7 Aug and all other treatments were applied on 9 Aug. The Lorsban treatments received additional applications on 21 and/or 29 Aug. Corn borer counts were made between 15 Sep and 2 Oct by dissecting 15 corn plants from the center 2 rows of each plot. The number of larvae, the number of tunnels, and length of tunneling was recorded for each plant.
First Generation European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm, Efficacy Trials, Kansas, 1989
Authors: Higgins R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Naturally infested whorl-stage yellow field corn was treated on 19 Jun. Fifteen insecticides and one untreated control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. All plots consisted of 4 contiguous rows, each 12 m in length with 76 cm row spacing. Sprays were applied in water (20 gal/acre) with a CO2 powered system held above the canopy. Each treated row received spray from 1 nozzle (HC-12) suspended over the row applied at 40 psi. Granular products were applied manually with a funnel and band spreader system. Band spreaders were positioned approximately 5 cm above the whorl and distributed products over a 20 cm band. Thirty plants from the 2 center rows were destroyed and examined from 7 through 11 Jul. Shotholing and tunnels/30 plants were recorded.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1989
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted for control of mixed populations of northern and western corn rootworm. At least 50% of the population was western corn rootworm. Experiment A was conducted at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station farm at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. Corn (Doeblers 65X) was planted no-till on 19 May using a 2-row John Deere Max Emerge planter with 30-inch row spacing. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications/treatment. On 23 Jun plants were counted. Root damage ratings were evaluated 19-21 Jul, taking 5 plants per plot and using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting each plot for shelled corn. Experiment B was conducted on the Reese farm, Centre County, PA. Corn (Jacques 5700) was planted 1 Jun using the same 2-row planter in a chisel-plowed field. Insecticides were applied to 5 × 40 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications per treatment. Slug bait was applied 23 Jun on all blocks except replication number one and plants were counted 7 Jul. Root damage ratings were evaluated 26 Jul, taking 5 plants/plot and using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Plots were not harvested because of highly variable plant mortality due to slug damage. Excessive rain was recorded through Jul at these test sites.
First-Generation Borer Control, 1989
Authors: Kinney Karl K. , Oloumi-Sadeghi Hassan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granular and liquid formulations of registered and experimental insecticides were evaluated at the Shaw Farm, University of Illinois Foundation, Champaign County, IL. Corn was planted in rows 30 inches wide on 17 May. A randomized complete block design was used, and each treatment was replicated 4 times. Each plot was 4 rows wide (10 ft) and 50 ft long. On 27 Jun, 10 consecutive plants in each of the middle 2 rows of each plot were infested with ca. 50 first instar larvae that were mixed with corn grits and discharged into the whorl of each plant with a hand-held bazooka applicator. An average of 8 ECB larvae/plant were found in the whorl prior to insecticide applications on 5 Jul. Liquid insecticides were banded over the row with even flat spray tips (Teejet 8002E) delivering 24.8 gal/acre at 40 psi. Granular insecticides were metered over the whorls in a 7-inch band with Noble units. On 14-16 Aug, artificially infested plants were cut at the base and number of cavities and length of each cavity per plant were recorded.
First Generation European Cornborer Insecticide Trials, 1988
Authors: McCartney D. A. , Stinner B. R. , Reed J. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established at the OARDC, Wooster, OH, to evaluate control of first generation ECB with various labeled and experimental insecticides. Pioneer 3780 was planted in 30 inch rows on 12 May with a 2 row Allis Chalmers planter into a conventional till continuous corn field. Plot size was 2 rows wide by 20 ft in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Granular treatments were applied with 12 V electric motor driven Gandy metering units in a 7 inch band over the row. Spray treatments were broadcast at a delivery rate of 20 gal/acre using 8003E nozzles at 1.5 mph. Twenty first instar ECB larvae were infested in the whorls of 10 plants of each row on 23 Jun. Insecticides were applied on 24 Jun when corn was approximately 24 inches high. Ten plants/plot (5 plants/row) were dissected to count surviving larvae/ plant and determine percent damaged plants on 8 Jul. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Least Significant Difference was used to rank means. Results are presented as percent ECB damaged plants and surviving ECB larvae/plant.
Aphid Control, 1989
Authors: Beers E. H. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 2-yr-old orchard with under-tree irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block. There were 4 single-tree replicates/treatment. Treatments were applied to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operated at 300 psi. Per-acre rates were based on a dilute application of 400 gal/acre. Dates of applications were 10-12 Jun with the exception of Safer Insecticide Concentrate, which was applied on 23 Jun and 18 Jul. Aphid densities were determined by counting aphids on the most infested leaf and on three tagged terminals/tree. Counts were taken at one-wk intervals.
Slug Control, 1989
Authors: McCartney D. A. , Reed J. P. , Stinner B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established at the Coshocton Hydrological Station, Coshocton County, OH, in a field of production corn planted with no-tillage methods into grass sod on 25 May. High slug populations were observed 6 Jun and plots were treated 7 Jun. Plots measured 30 ft by 30 ft and row spacing was 30 inches. A Latin square design,replicated 4 times was used. Four treatments were evaluated to determine slug control by various Larvin formulations. The treatments were Larvin at 0.4 lb (AI)/acre in 10 and 20 lb of cracked corn bait and the third treatment was a dribble bait of Larvin 1.0 lb (AI)/acre in an aqueous carrier. The fourth treatment was the untreated check. The cracked corn and liquid baits were prepared by mixing an equivalent rate of 17.6 oz beer, 17.6 oz molasses and 70 oz of water plus appropriate toxicant/100 lb cracked corn and 25 gal total carrier volume, respectively. The liquid baits were applied as a dribble by fitting 0.75 inch diam by 6 inch long tygon tube to 8001E spray nozzles operated at 10 psi spaced 20 inches apart over the row and travelling 3 mph. The cracked corn baits were applied by a hand-operated rotary spreader. Data on surviving plant density and percent defoliation was collected on 21 June. Yields and final plant density were obtained 31 Aug and are based upon harvestable grain/1000 acre.
Wireworm Control in Replanted Corn, 1989
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Hwang Y. , Chaddha S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was established near Porter, MN, in a ridge-till corn field requiring partial replanting from wireworm damage. Plots, each measuring 1 row (30-inch centers) × 800 ft, were located in a low-lying area with severe stand loss. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Corn was replanted on 23 May with an International Cyclo 800 planter seeding 24,100 plants/acre on ridges. Granular insecticides were applied during this replanting with International granular applicators that were field-calibrated to deliver the desired rate. All insecticides were applied in-furrow except Thimet 20 G, which was applied in a 7-inch band behind the presswheel. The ridges scraped at planting provided a moist soil surface but no significant rainfall fell between planting and the initial performance evaluation (29 DAT). Performance was evaluated by censusing surviving stand in each plot on 20 Jun and by harvesting each plot by combine on 11 Oct. Treatment differences were detected by ANOVA and means separated with DMRT.