bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wege und Irrwege der neuen Grundsteuerpläne in Deutschland
Authors: Graf Gerhard 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDas bisherige Verfahren zur Grundsteuererhebung ist 2018 vom Bundesverfassungsgericht als verfassungswidrig erklärt worden. Seither haben fünf Bundesländer gestützt auf die Öffnungsklausel nach Art. 125b Grundgesetz (GG) neue Modelle für eine ausschließlich flächenbasierte Grundsteuererhebung entwickelt und bis Ende 2021 verabschiedet. Diese Modelle werden nach ihrer Verfassungskonformität evaluiert, wobei sich durchaus Unzulänglichkeiten zeigen. Eine einfache Beteiligungslösung der Kommunen an den großen Wertsteuern würde die millionenfachen Neuveranlagungen entbehrlich machen und außerdem mit nur geringfügigen Belastungsverschiebungen einhergehen.
Understanding the Perpetuation of Cyberbullying Victimization in Adolescents: The Role of Executive Functions
Authors: Morea Aida , Calvete Esther 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe consequences of cyberbullying victimization can lead to its perpetuation over time, initiating a vicious cycle. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that contribute to the persistence of victimization. This study aimed to examine some longitudinal mechanisms involved in the perpetuation of cyberbullying victimization in adolescents. The secondary aim was to study the protective role of executive functions (cognitive flexibility and selective attention) in this process, filling a gap in the literature. Sex differences were also studied. The sample consisted of 698 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age (M = 14.59, SD = 1.36; 40.83% girls) from the Basque Country (Spain). Adolescents participated in a longitudinal study with three waves, in which 5–6 months elapsed between waves. The participants completed measures of executive functions in wave 1, of cyberbullying perpetration and depressive symptoms in waves 1 and 2, and of cyberbullying victimization in all three waves. The findings indicated that cyberbullying victimization was perpetuated through an increase of cyberbullying perpetration and depressive symptoms. Concerning executive functions, cognitive flexibility attenuated the impact of cyberbullying victimization on cyberbullying perpetration and depressive symptoms, and these in turn predicted lower levels of future victimization. Sex differences revealed that selective attention acted as a risk factor for cyberbullying victimization in girls and as a protective factor in boys. The results highlight the importance of considering mediating mechanisms involved in the perpetuation of cyberbullying victimization as well as the beneficial role played by cognitive flexibility in reducing the stability of cyberbullying victimization.
Development of a Spray-Dried Formulation of Peptide-DNA Nanoparticles into a Dry Powder for Pulmonary Delivery Using Factorial Design
Authors: Munir Miftakul , Kett Vicky L. , Dunne Nicholas J. , McCarthy Helen O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Gene therapy via pulmonary delivery holds the potential to treat various lung pathologies. To date, spray drying has been the most promising method to produce inhalable powders. The present study determined the parameters required to spray dry nanoparticles (NPs) that contain the delivery peptide, termed RALA (N-WEARLARALARALARHLARALARALRACEA-C), complexed with plasmid DNA into a dry powder form designed for inhalation.

Methods
The spray drying process was optimised using full factorial design with 19 randomly ordered experiments based on the combination of four parameters and three centre points per block. Specifically, mannitol concentration, inlet temperature, spray rate, and spray frequency were varied to observe their effects on process yield, moisture content, a median of particle size distribution, Z-average, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency of DNA NPs, and DNA recovery. The impact of mannitol concentration was also examined on the spray-dried NPs and evaluated via biological functionality in vitro.

Results
The results demonstrated that mannitol concentration was the strongest variable impacting all responses apart from encapsulation efficiency. All measured responses demonstrated a strong dependency on the experimental variables. Furthermore, spray drying with the optimal variables in combination with a low mannitol concentration (1% and 3%, w/v) produced functional RALA/pDNA NPs.

Conclusion
The optimal parameters have been determined to spray dry RALA/pDNA NPs into an dry powder with excellent biological functionality, which have the potential to be used for gene therapy applications via pulmonary delivery.
A combined index of waist circumference and muscle quality is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor accumulation in Japanese obese patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ikeue Kentaro , Kusakabe Toru , Muranaka Kazuya , Yamakage Hajime , Inoue Takayuki , Ishii Kojiro , Satoh-Asahara Noriko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To identify obese patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using a combined index of obesity and sarcopenia.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we firstly conducted analysis of covariance to select each index most associated with the CVD risk score, the number of concomitant CVD risk factors, among obesity- (body mass index, percentage body fat, or waist circumference [WC]) and sarcopenia-evaluated indices (skeletal muscle mass index, handgrip strength, or muscle quality [MQ]), respectively in 188 Japanese obese patients (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 73 men and 115 women). Next, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis to compare the four groups (Group A–D) classified by medians of the selected indices.

Results
WC and MQ were selected as the indices most associated with the CVD risk scores, respectively. The CVD risk score was significantly higher in Group B (low WC and low MQ) and Group D (high WC and low MQ) with higher prevalence of diabetes as compared with Group A (low WC and high MQ). Adjusted for sex and age, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 2 were significantly higher in Group B, Group C (high WC and high MQ), and Group D compared with Group A. Furthermore, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 3 were significantly higher only in Group D compared with Group A (4.29 [95% confidence interval: 1.49–12.33], p = 0.007).

Conclusion
Combined index of WC and MQ was useful in Japanese obese patients at high risk of CVD, regardless sex and age.
Course Recommendation based on Sequences: An Evolutionary Search of Emerging Sequential Patterns
Authors: Al-Twijri Mohammed Ibrahim , Luna José María , Herrera Francisco , Ventura Sebastián 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo provide a good study plan is key to avoid students’ failure. Academic advising based on student’s preferences, complexity of the semester, or even background knowledge is usually considered to reduce the dropout rate. This article aims to provide a good course index to recommend courses to students based on the sequence of courses already taken by each student. Hence, unlike existing long-term course planning methods, it is based on graduate students to model the course and not on external factors that might introduce some bias in the process. The proposal includes a novel sequential pattern mining algorithm, called (ES)$$^2$$2P (Evolutionary Search of Emerging Sequential Patterns), that properly identifies paths followed by good students and not followed by not so good students, as a long-term course planning approach. A major feature of the proposed (ES)$$^2$$2P algorithm is its ability to extract the bestksolutions, that is, those with a best recommendation index score instead of returning the whole set of solutions above a predefined threshold. A real study case is performed including more than 13,000 students belonging to 13 faculties to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposal not only to recommend study plans but also to give advices at different stages of the students’ learning process.
De BUSCOPAN-studie. Een gerandomiseerde non-inferioriteitsstudie van continue butylscopolamine-infusie versus placebo voor niersteenkoliek onvoldoende reagerend op non-steroïdale anti-inflammatoire medicatie
Authors: Weltings Saskia , Buddingh K. Tim , van Diepen Daniëlle C. , Pelger Rob C. M. , Putter Hein , Rad Mandana , Schout Barbara M. A. , Roshani Hossain 
Published: April 2022

SamenvattingIn een placebogecontroleerde, multicenter, dubbelblind gerandomiseerde studie met 128 patiënten met bevestigde niersteenkolieken is onderzocht of placebo non-inferieur is aan continue infusie van butylscopolamine. De ene arm kreeg continue infusie van butylscopolamine, de andere arm placebo (zoutoplossing i.v.). De primaire uitkomstmaat was de hoeveelheid escapemedicatie in aantal toegediende doses. Het mediane aantal doses was in beide groepen één. Het aantal extra doses in de placebogroep was 0,05, met een 95% robuust BI van −0,38–0,47. De bovengrens van het BI bleef onder de gestelde non-inferioriteitsgrens van 0,5 (p = 0,04). Er werden geen verschillen gezien tussen de groepen in secundaire uitkomstmaten. Placebo is non-inferieur aan butylscopolamine continue infusie ter pijnstilling bij patiënten met een niersteenkoliek. Op basis van dit onderzoek en eerdere studies blijkt continue infusie van butylscopolamine iv niet van meerwaarde te zijn bij de behandeling van patiënten met een niersteenkoliek.
Multisensory Integration in Bionics: Relevance and Perspectives
Authors: Risso Gaia , Valle Giacomo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose of review
The goal of the review is to highlight the growing importance of multisensory integration processes connected to bionic limbs and somatosensory feedback restoration.

Recent findings
Restoring quasi-realistic sensations by means of neurostimulation has been shown to provide functional and motor benefits in limb amputees. In the recent past, cognitive processes linked to the artificial sense of touch seemed to play a crucial role for a full prosthesis integration and acceptance.

Summary
Artificial sensory feedback implemented in bionic limbs enhances the cognitive integration of the prosthetic device in amputees. The multisensory experience can be measured and must be considered in the design of novel somatosensory neural prostheses where the goal is to provide a realistic sensory experience to the prosthetic user. The correct integration of these sensory signals will guarantee higher-level cognitive benefits as a better prosthesis embodiment and a reduction of perceived limb distortions.
Neotropical Anacardiaceae (cashew family)
Authors: Mitchell John D. , Pell Susan K. , Bachelier Julien B. , Warschefsky Emily J. , Joyce Elizabeth M. , Canadell Laura Calvillo , da Silva-Luz Cíntia Luíza , Coiffard Clement 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnacardiaceae is an ecologically and economically important plant family of about 200 species in 32 genera in the Neotropics. The family is particularly diverse in leaf architecture and fruit morphology, making it a model family to study the evolution of structural diversity as it correlates with lineage diversification. This fruit diversity is the primary reason 11 of the Neotropical genera are monotypic and that so many genera are recognized in the Anacardiaceae. The economic value of the family is driven by the global markets for cashews, mangoes, and pistachios, but there is great potential value in its medicinal properties. At least 10 Neotropical genera cause contact dermatitis, which is a rich area for research in the family. Here presented is a review of the systematics and structural diversity of the family. Particular attention is given to the morphology, economic botany, paleobotany, ecology, and taxonomy of native and naturalized genera. Keys to Neotropical Anacardiaceae subfamilies and genera are provided along with descriptions of native genera.
Cyclohexanedodecol-Assisted Interfacial Engineering for Robust and High-Performance Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Wu Zhenzhen , Li Meng , Tian Yuhui , Chen Hao , Zhang Shao-Jian , Sun Chuang , Li Chengpeng , Kiefel Milton , Lai Chao , Lin Zhan , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) can be one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices for being non-flammable, low-cost, and sustainable. However, the challenges of AZIBs, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of zinc anode during charging and discharging processes, must be overcome to achieve high cycling performance and stability in practical applications. In this work, we utilize a dual-functional organic additive cyclohexanedodecol (CHD) to firstly establish [Zn(H2O)5(CHD)]2+ complex ion in an aqueous Zn electrolyte and secondly build a robust protection layer on the Zn surface to overcome these dilemmas. Systematic experiments and theoretical calculations are carried out to interpret the working mechanism of CHD. At a very low concentration of 0.1 mg mL−1 CHD, long-term reversible Zn plating/stripping could be achieved up to 2200 h at 2 mA cm−2, 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2, and 650 h at 10 mA cm−2 at the fixed capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. When matched with V2O5 cathode, the resultant AZIBs full cell with the CHD-modified electrolyte presents a high capacity of 175 mAh g−1 with the capacity retention of 92% after 2000 cycles under 2 A g−1. Such a performance could enable the commercialization of AZIBs for applications in grid energy storage and industrial energy storage.
Growth of Tellurium Nanobelts on h-BN for p-type Transistors with Ultrahigh Hole Mobility
Authors: Yang Peng , Zha Jiajia , Gao Guoyun , Zheng Long , Huang Haoxin , Xia Yunpeng , Xu Songcen , Xiong Tengfei , Zhang Zhuomin , Yang Zhengbao , Chen Ye , Ki Dong-Keun , Liou Juin J. , Liao Wugang , Tan Chaoliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe lack of stable p-type van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors with high hole mobility severely impedes the step of low-dimensional materials entering the industrial circle. Although p-type black phosphorus (bP) and tellurium (Te) have shown promising hole mobilities, the instability under ambient conditions of bP and relatively low hole mobility of Te remain as daunting issues. Here we report the growth of high-quality Te nanobelts on atomically flat hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) for high-performance p-type field-effect transistors (FETs). Importantly, the Te-based FET exhibits an ultrahigh hole mobility up to 1370 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, that may lay the foundation for the future high-performance p-type 2D FET and metal–oxide–semiconductor (p-MOS) inverter. The vdW h-BN dielectric substrate not only provides an ultra-flat surface without dangling bonds for growth of high-quality Te nanobelts, but also reduces the scattering centers at the interface between the channel material and the dielectric layer, thus resulting in the ultrahigh hole mobility "Image missing".
Vulnerability in the Context of Migration: a Critical Overview and a New Conceptual Model
Authors: Gilodi Amalia , Albert Isabelle , Nienaber Birte 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The notion of “vulnerability” occupies a central role in academic literature, policymaking, humanitarian debates, and everyday discourses on migration and asylum. Its popularity has led some academics and practitioners to use “vulnerability” as a self-explanatory condition or phenomenon. However, a common and systematic understanding of the concept is still missing, and the moral and political meaning often ascribed to this notion may have (un)intended detrimental consequences for those migrants deemed vulnerable. Thus, this paper sets out to critically unpack and highlight the complexities hidden behind this notion in order to provide a conceptual analysis of vulnerability in the context of migration. We do so by (1) providing an overview of definitions of vulnerability across different fields of research, (2) identifying common conceptualizations or types of vulnerability and discussing their implications, and (3) highlighting possible negative societal and psychological consequences of its implementation in the context of migration. Finally, we propose (4) a new conceptual model for understanding vulnerability in the context of migration, showing how this notion can become a useful analytical tool in migration research.
Uncertainties in Spatial Orientation: Critical Limits for Landmark Inaccuracies in Maps in the Context of Map Matching
Authors: Keil Julian , Edler Dennis , Dickmann Frank , Kuchinke Lars 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMap information, especially volunteered geographic information (VGI) is prone to spatial inaccuracies. Due to their use as spatial reference points, spatially inaccurate landmark representations in maps might affect the ability to match maps to the represented 3D space and might compromise self-localization and orientation. Based on a map matching task in a virtual 3D environment and various degrees of spatial landmark inaccuracies in a simultaneously presented 2D map, we aimed to identify acceptable and critical values of spatial inaccuracies. Furthermore, potential effects of inaccurate semantic spatial categories were evaluated. The findings demonstrate how metric and semantic spatial inaccuracies of landmark representations affect matching of maps to the represented 3D space. Map inaccuracies corresponding to more than 10 m within 3D space and swapped landmark pictograms in a map were associated with the perception of a mismatch between maps and 3D spaces. Furthermore, the distance of landmarks to the perceiver was found to affect map matching. Spatial inaccuracies of landmark pictograms were less likely to be associated with a perceived mismatch between maps and 3D spaces when the landmarks were further away, presumably because small or moderate inaccuracies were more difficult to perceive. To reduce the identified effects of landmark inaccuracies in maps on map-matching performance, we propose to identify means to quantify the uncertainty concerning spatial landmark inaccuracies and to visually communicate this uncertainty to map users.
An efficient method for chitin production from crab shells by a natural deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Huang Wen-Can , Zhao Dandan , Xue Changhu , Mao Xiangzhao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCrab shells are an important feedstock for chitin production. However, their highly compact structure significantly limits their use for the production of chitin under mild conditions. Here, a green and efficient approach using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) to produce chitin from crab shells was developed. Its effectiveness in isolating chitin was investigated. The results showed that most proteins and minerals were removed from crab shells and the relative crystallinity of the isolated chitin reached 76%. The quality of the obtained chitin was comparable to chitin isolated by the acid–alkali method. This is the first report on a green method for efficient chitin production from crab shells. This study is expected to open new avenues for green and efficient production of chitin from crab shells.
Recent progress of quantum dots for energy storage applications
Authors: Xu Quan , Niu Yingchun , Li Jiapeng , Yang Ziji , Gao Jiajia , Ding Lan , Ni Huiqin , Zhu Peide , Liu Yinping , Tang Yaoyao , Lv Zhong-Peng , Peng Bo , Hu Travis Shihao , Zhou Hongjun , Xu Chunming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe environmental problems of global warming and fossil fuel depletion are increasingly severe, and the demand for energy conversion and storage is increasing. Ecological issues such as global warming and fossil fuel depletion are increasingly stringent, increasing energy conversion and storage needs. The rapid development of clean energy, such as solar energy, wind energy and hydrogen energy, is expected to be the key to solve the energy problem. Several excellent literature works have highlighted quantum dots in supercapacitors, lithium-sulfur batteries, and photocatalytic hydrogen production. Here, we outline the latest achievements of quantum dots and their composites materials in those energy storage applications. Moreover, we rationally analyze the shortcomings of quantum dots in energy storage and conversion, and predict the future development trend, challenges, and opportunities of quantum dots research.
Mechanisms of strengthening energy and mass transfer in microbial conversion of flue-gas-derived CO2 to biodiesel and biogas fuels
Authors: Cheng Jun , Cen Kefa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe goals of national energy security and sustainable development necessitate the role of renewable energy, of which biomass energy is an essential choice for realizing the strategic energy diversification and building a low-carbon energy system. Microbial conversion of flue-gas-derived CO2 for producing biodiesel and biogas has been considered a significant technology in new energy development. Microalgae carbon sequestration is a hot research direction for researchers. However, three fundamental problems relating to energy/mass transfer and conversion remain as follows: (1) contradictory relationship between high resistance of cell membrane micropores and high flux of flue-gas-derived CO2 limits mass transfer rate of CO2 molecules across cell membrane; (2) low biocatalytic activity of intracellular enzymes with high-concentration CO2 results in difficulties in directional carbon/hydrogen conversion; (3) competition between multiple intracellular reaction pathways and high energy barriers of target products hinder the desirable cascade energy transfer. Therefore, key scientific issues of microbial energy conversion lie in the understanding on directional carbon/hydrogen conversion and desirable cascade energy transfer. Multiple researches have established a theoretical foundation of microbial energy conversion which strengthens energy/mass transfer in microbial cells. The innovative results in previous studies have been obtained as follows: (1) Reveal mass transfer mechanism of vortex flow across cell membrane micropores. (2) Propose a strategy that directionally regulates enzyme activity. (3) Establish chain reaction pathways coupled with step changes.
Strategies and reaction systems for solar-driven CO2 reduction by water
Authors: Bian Ji , Zhang Ziqing , Liu Ye , Chen Enqi , Tang Junwang , Jing Liqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolar driven CO2 conversion into high-value-added chemicals and energy-rich fuels is one of the promising strategies to tackle global warming and to address the energy-supply crisis. Even though enormous effort has been devoted to exploring all sorts of homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts, the current efficiency and more importantly selectivity to valuable chemicals are still rather moderate, thus it is desired to develop high-efficiency photocatalytic system toward CO2 reduction with excellent selectivity. In this review, fundamental aspects of photocatalytic CO2 reduction by pure water, the reaction systems and the reliable method for detection of the products are firstly described. Thereafter the recent advances of the main strategy for improving the photocatalytic CO2 reduction from the perspective of promoting the CO2 adsorption and activation, accelerating the kinetics of water oxidation, and modulating charge separation are overviewed. The prospects and challenges on precise designing heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 photoreduction are proposed at the end, indicating the significance for the further development of photocatalytic systems with high CO2 conversion efficiency and product selectivity.