bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On construction for trees making the equality hold in Vizing's conjecture
Authors: Zhao Weisheng , Lin Ruizhi , Cai Junqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 1968, Vizing gave a conjecture: for any graphs and , which is now still open. In the text book “Domination in Graph: Advanced Topices” edited by Haynes et al., they listed such a question: is there a structural characterization of the graphs such that there exists a graph with ? In this paper, we restrict to be a tree and prove that: for any tree , there exists a nonempty graph such that if and only if . Based on this, we obtain a construction of the tree class is a nontrivial tree and there exists a nonempty graph such that .
Influenza is more severe than our newest enemy (COVID‐19) in hospitalized children: Experience from a tertiary center
Authors: Tasar Selin , Karadag‐Oncel Eda , Yilmaz‐Ciftdogan Dilek , Kara‐Aksay Ahu , Ekemen‐Keles Yildiz , Elvan‐Tuz Aysegul , Ustundag Gulnihan , Sahin Aslihan , Kanık M. Ali , Yilmaz Nisel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding differences in terms of clinical phenotypes and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) compared with influenza is vital to optimizing the management of patients and planning healthcare. Herein, we aimed to investigate the clinical differences and outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and influenza. We performed a retrospective study of hospitalized children who were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 between March 2020 and March 2021 and for influenza between January 2016 and February 2020 in respiratory samples. The primary outcome of this study was pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, and the secondary outcome was the need for respiratory support. A total of 74 patients with influenza and 71 who were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 were included. The distribution among the sexes was similar, but patients with COVID‐19 were older than patients with influenza (96 vs. 12, p < 0.001). In terms of underlying chronic diseases, the frequency was 26.7% in the COVID‐19 group and 54% in the influenza group (p = 0.001). The comparison of symptoms revealed that fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain occurred more frequently with COVID‐19 (for all p < 0.05) and runny nose with influenza (p = 0.002). The frequency of admission to the PICU was relatively higher (18.9%) in the influenza group than with COVID‐19 (2.8%) with a significant ratio (p = 0.001), secondary bacterial infections were observed more frequently in the influenza group (20.2% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.003). Some 88.7% of patients with COVID‐19 did not need respiratory support, whereas 59.4% of patients with influenza did require respiratory support (p < 0.001). This study noted that influenza caused more frequent admissions to the PICU and a greater need for respiratory support in hospitalized pediatric patients than COVID‐19.
Trend and variability in the long‐term relationship between Eurasian snow cover and Indian summer monsoon rainfall
Authors: Pandey Pushpa , Dwivedi Suneet , Goswami Bhupendra Nath 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe predictability of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) at any given time period depends on the strength of its relationship with predictable drivers like the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that are known to undergo significant epochal variations. While a similar relationship between the Eurasian snow cover fraction (SCF) and ISMR has also shown epochal variation in recent decades, its stationarity on centennial or longer timescales remains unknown. Here, on the basis of the observed relationship between the dominant modes of ISMR and SCF over a period of 115 years (1901–2015), we unravel two indices of SCF that encapsulate its space–time variability. We find that the SCF indices and ISMR relationship have a statistically significant increasing trend with a weak multidecadal variability superimposed on it, making significant positive correlations between the two highly probable in the coming decades. With SCF driving the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) that in turn driving the ISMR, we find that the NAO plays a pivotal role in modulating the SCF–ISMR teleconnection on a multidecadal time scale. Further, the SCF also regulates the ISMR low‐frequency variability through modulation of the tropospheric temperature gradient of the Indian region.
Thunderstorm activity at high latitudes observed at mannedWMOweather stations
Authors: Kępski Daniel , Kubicki Marek 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOngoing global warming particularly affects the coldest regions of our planet, where thunderstorm activity is considered to be the lowest. Scientific studies usually predict that lightning will become more frequent in polar areas in a warmer world. The aim of this study is to test this hypothesis and present the current knowledge on thunderstorm occurrence at high latitudes (>60°) based on SYNOP data from manned WMO stations operating from 2000 to 2019. According to this source, most thunderstorm events at high latitudes occur in summer (85%), when the air temperature ranges from 15 to 25°C (70%), during the days with positive temperature anomalies (75%) and negative sea‐level pressure anomalies (65%). The highest thunderstorm activity is observed over inland areas, especially in the European part of Russia. The changes in thunderstorm frequency are only visible at certain WMO manned stations and mostly during the summer months. The regional Kendall test revealed a statistically significant increase in the number of thunderstorm days north of 60°N in Interior Alaska, northwestern Canada, much of Siberia and European Russia. A decrease in thunderstorm frequency over a larger area was detected only on the shores of the southern Norwegian Sea, and seasonally in spring in the northern Urals. The observed trends were strongest in the Central Siberia and Interior Alaska regions, where the increase in the number of thunderstorm days exceeded 5 per decade. For the entire high‐latitude area, the change in the number of days with thunderstorms was statistically insignificant, but for stations located 250–1,000 km from the coastline, the averaged increase amounted 1 day per decade.
Modern surgical therapy for gastric cancer–Robotics and beyond
Authors: Choi Seohee , Hyung Woo Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe surgical paradigm for gastric cancer has been changed from extended surgery to minimally invasive surgery. Laparoscopic surgery is a practical method for minimally invasive surgery for early gastric cancer, and the indication is expanding to advanced gastric cancer. In recent years, robotic gastrectomy has been highlighted as a breakthrough to overcome the drawbacks of laparoscopic gastrectomy. Here, we discuss the recent updates of modern surgical therapy for gastric cancer—robotics and beyond.
Advances in screening and detection of gastric cancer
Authors: Xia Jonathan Y. , Aadam A. Aziz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith an estimated one million new cases and 769 000 deaths in 2020, gastric cancer is the fifth most frequent cancer and fourth leading cause of cancer death globally. Incidence rates are highest in Asia and Eastern Europe. This manuscript will review the current modalities of diagnosis, staging, and screening of gastric cancer. We will also highlight development of novel diagnostics and advancements in endoscopic detection of early gastric cancer.
The future of endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer
Authors: Ortigão Raquel , Libânio Diogo , Dinis‐Ribeiro Mário 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEndoscopic resection for early gastric cancer is recommended when the risk of lymph node metastasis is negligible and should be performed through submucosal dissection due to well‐established short‐ and long‐term results. To overcome technical difficulties and decrease adverse events some techniques have been studied. This review outlines current strategies for improving patient selection and highlights innovative techniques that help minimize adverse events. Moreover, we discuss how to improve management after curative and noncurative resections.
Environmental and genetic risk factors for gastric cancer
Authors: Shah Dhavan , Bentrem David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGastric cancer is a heterogeneous and prevalent disease. The traditional environmental exposures associated with an elevated risk of gastric cancer are less prevalent in the United States today. Genetic risks and risks associated with inflammation remain. Most cases are sporadic and familial clustering is observed in about 10% of the cases. Hereditary gastric cancer accounts for a very low percentage of cases. Here we review the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with the disease.
Functions of perturbed commuting dissipative operators
Authors: Aleksandrov A. B. , Peller V. V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe main objective of the paper is to obtain sharp Lipschitz type estimates for the norm of operator differences for pairs and of commuting maximal dissipative operators. To obtain such estimates, we use double operator integrals with respect to semi‐spectral measures associated with the pairs and . Note that the situation is considerably more complicated than in the case of functions of two commuting contractions and to overcome difficulties we had to elaborate new techniques. We deduce from the main result Hölder type estimates for operator differences as well as their estimates in Schatten–von Neumann norms.
Injectable Thermosensitive Iodine‐Loaded Starch‐g‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel for Cancer Photothermal Therapy and Anti‐Infection
Authors: Fan Man , Li Mengyao , Wang Xiao , Liao Yonggui , Wang Hong , Rao Jingyi , Yang Yajiang , Wang Qin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough photothermal therapy (PTT) can effectively eliminate tumors, the normal tissues near tumors are inevitably damaged by heat and infected by bacteria, which greatly limits the therapeutic effect. In this work, an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel based on iodine‐loaded starch‐g‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNSI) is developed to overcome this problem. FTIR, 1H NMR, and UV–vis spectra confirm the graft copolymerization of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) with starch and the formation of “iodine−starch” complex. Transmission electron microscope images show PNSI polymer self‐assembles into regular spherical nanogel with a size of ≈50 nm. The concentrated nanogel dispersion is a sol at room temperature and transforms to hydrogel at body temperature. Under NIR laser irradiation for 10 min, the ΔT of the nanogel dispersion approachs about 20 °C with excellent thermal stability and high cytotoxicity due to the photothermal effect of the “iodine−starch” complex. After intratumor injection, this injectable hydrogel efficiently inhibites the tumor growth under 808 nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, it can also suppress Staphylococcus aureus infection in the wound post‐PTT due to the release of iodine, which promotes wound healing. Therefore, this injectable thermosensitive “iodine−starch” composite hydrogel with advantages of good biocompatible and easy preparation possesses potential application for tumor photothermal therapy and antibacterial infection.
Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders: Recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force – An Update
Authors: Lange Lara M. , Gonzalez‐Latapi Paulina , Rajalingam Rajasumi , Tijssen Marina A.J. , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius , Gabbert Carolin , Ganos Christos , Ghosh Rhia , Kumar Kishore R. , Lang Anthony E. , Rossi Malco , van der Veen Sterre , van de Warrenburg Bart , Warner Tom , Lohmann Katja , Klein Christine , Marras Connie ,   on behalf of the Task Force on Genetic Nomenclature in Movement Disorders
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2016, the Movement Disorder Society Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders presented a new system for naming genetically determined movement disorders and provided a criterion‐based list of confirmed monogenic movement disorders. Since then, a substantial number of novel disease‐causing genes have been described, which warrant classification using this system. In addition, with this update, we further refined the system and propose dissolving the imaging‐based categories of Primary Familial Brain Calcification and Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation and reclassifying these genetic conditions according to their predominant phenotype. We also introduce the novel category of Mixed Movement Disorders (MxMD), which includes conditions linked to multiple equally prominent movement disorder phenotypes. In this article, we present updated lists of newly confirmed monogenic causes of movement disorders. We found a total of 89 different newly identified genes that warrant a prefix based on our criteria; 6 genes for parkinsonism, 21 for dystonia, 38 for dominant and recessive ataxia, 5 for chorea, 7 for myoclonus, 13 for spastic paraplegia, 3 for paroxysmal movement disorders, and 6 for mixed movement disorder phenotypes; 10 genes were linked to combined phenotypes and have been assigned two new prefixes. The updated lists represent a resource for clinicians and researchers alike and they have also been published on the website of the Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders on the homepage of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/About/Committees--Other-Groups/MDS-Task-Forces/Task-Force-on-Nomenclature-in-Movement-Disorders.htm). © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
Anti‐Diabetic Intestinal Mechanisms: Foods, Herbs, and Western Medicines
Authors: Feng Yuwei , Cao Hong , Hua Jiao , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe role of intestinal factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes, such as a decrease in the incretin effect, has recently attracted considerable attention. An imbalance in the gut microbiota inhibits the secretion of incretins, which are metabolic hormones can reduce blood glucose levels, and promotes the occurrence and development of diabetes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that foods are environmental factors that are important in the modulation of gut microbial‐mediated glucose metabolism. In general, functional foods trigger the gut microbiota to produce beneficial metabolites or reduce harmful products through metabolic pathways and then regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Recent studies have shown that similar to functional foods, the regulatory effects of some herbs and Western medicines are closely related to alterations in the gut microbiota. In this review, the intestinal mechanism of foods, herbs, and Western medicine in affecting the process of glucose metabolism is summarized.
Does response to percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation predict similar outcome to sacral nerve stimulation?
Authors: Kapriniotis Konstantinos , Jenks Julie , Toia Bogdan , Pakzad Mahreen , Gresty Helena , Stephens Ross , Malde Sachin , Sahai Arun , Greenwell Tamsin , Ockrim Jeremy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsPercutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is a simple neuromodulation technique to treat an overactive bladder. It is unclear whether the response to PTNS would suggest a similar response to sacral nerve stimulation (SNS), and whether PTNS could be utilized as an alternative test phase for an SNS implant. This study assessed whether PTNS response was a reliable indicator for subsequent SNS trials.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of the hospital databases to collect all patients who had PTNS and who subsequently had an SNS trial in two tertiary hospitals from 2014 to 2020. Response to both interventions was assessed. A 50% reduction in overactive symptoms (frequency−volume charts) was considered a positive response. McNemar's tests using exact binomial probability calculations were used. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05.ResultsTwenty‐three patients who had PTNS subsequently went on to a trial of SNS. All patients except one had previously poor response to PTNS treatment. Eight of them also failed the SNS trial. However, 15 patients (including the PTNS responder) had a successful SNS trial and proceeded with the second‐stage battery implantation. The difference in response rates between the PTNS and SNS trial was statistically significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPoor response to PTNS does not seem to predict the likelihood of patients responding to SNS. A negative PTNS trial should not preclude a trial of a sacral nerve implant. The predictive factors for good and poor responses will be the subject of a larger study.
Patients’ body image after open abdominal surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm – Perceptions and experiences
Authors: Pettersson Monica , Mattsson Erney , Bergbom Ingegerd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore and gain an understanding of patients’ perceptions and experiences of their body and bodily function in connection with open surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm.BackgroundAfter the operation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) it may be difficult for the patients to understand what the procedure means.DesignThe design was descriptive and based on an analysis of 13 audio‐taped consultations with patients undergoing open surgery for AAA at a Swedish university hospital. The patients’ age varied from 57–79 and the mean age was 71 (70.5 female).MethodsA hermeneutic approach was used whereby patients were interviewed and draw a picture of their thoughts and experiences of the surgery and what had been done in their bodies. Once patients had finished their drawings, the interviewer asked what thoughts and experiences they had of the AAA.ResultsPatients described experiences as a process of “going from broken to whole again.”
Effect of different nanostructured SiC on thermal, ablation and char layer mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer composites
Authors: Kun Hui , Li Jiang , Yan Ning , Bian Cheng , Guan Yiwen , Yang Yanjing , Li Hongyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSiC nanowire (SiC‐NW) and SiC nanopowder (SiC‐NP) were used to reinforce ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites to improve their ablation and erosion resistance. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. The ablation resistance and thermal insulation performance of the composites were evaluated based on the oxyacetylene ablation and ablation motor experiments. In addition, the particle erosion resistance of the char layer was characterized. The test and experimental results show that, compared with the basic formulation, the ablation resistance of the formulations containing SiC‐NW and SiC‐NP increased by 85.54% and 71.08%, respectively. The particle erosion resistance of the char layer increased by 80.61% and 63.39%, respectively. Meanwhile, the SiC nanofiller reduced the thermal insulation performance of the EPDM composites. Compared with the basic formulation, the maximum back temperature of the SiC‐NW and SiC‐NP formulations increased by 39.23% and 13.08%, respectively. It inferred that during the ablation process, the SiC nanofiller can not only promote the deposition reaction of pyrolysis gas, but also react with oxidizing components and the char layer at different temperatures, thus improving the ablation resistance of the EPDM composites and the strength of the char layer. However, the high thermal conductivity of SiC nanofiller reduces the thermal insulation performance of the composites.
Hydrophilic modification of polypropylene membrane via tannic and titanium complexation for high‐efficiency oil/water emulsion separation driven by self‐gravity
Authors: Wang Huanmin , Guo Xiaoming , Pei Cunbao , Dong Wei , Yao Yongyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMembrane separation technology has played an enormous role in water treatment. However, the surface of the separation membrane has low wettability, and it is easy to cohere with oil droplets during the oil–water separation process, which affects the efficiency of water treatment. To improve its separation property, this article reports the continuous deposition of tannic acid (TA)‐titanium (TiIV) complex interconnected networks with high adhesion and long‐term stability on the surface of polypropylene (PP) membranes to achieve oil–water separation. The hydrophilic TA‐Ti nanostructured coating shows high adhesion and long‐term stability on non‐polar surfaces of the PP membrane. Notably, after modification, the membrane can be used to separate hexadecane‐in‐water emulsions under gravity force, with a separation efficiency of over 99% and a water flux of 227 Lm−2 h−1. Compared with some membranes modified with polyphenols, this easy‐to‐prepare TA‐Ti@PP membrane can achieve better separation performance with only gravity actuation. Furthermore, the modified membrane has superior reusability and excellent chemical stability (salt/acid/alkali resistance), and it has great potential in the field of oil‐in‐water and wastewater treatment.
Spraying of dsRNA molecules derived from Phytophthora infestans, along with nanoclay carriers as a proof of concept for developing novel protection strategy for potato late blight
Authors: S Sundaresha , Sharma Sanjeev , Bairwa Aarti , Tomar Maharishi , Kumar Ravinder , Bhardwaj Vinay , Jeevalatha A. , Bakade Rahul , Salaria Neha , Thakur Kajal , Singh Bir Pal , Chakrabarti S. K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytophthora infestans is a late blight‐causing oomycetes pathogen. It rapidly evolves and adapts to the host background and new fungicide molecules within a few years of their release, most likely because of the predominance of transposable elements in its genome. Frequent applications of fungicides cause environmental concerns. Here, we developed target‐specific RNA interference (RNAi)‐based molecules, along with nanoclay carriers, that when sprayed on plants are capable of effectively reducing late blight infection.RESULTSTargeted the genes unique to sporulation, early satge infection and the metabolism pathway stages based on in an our own microarray data. We used nanoclay as a carrier for sorbitol dehydrogenase, heat shock protein 90, translation elongation factor 1‐α, phospholipase‐D like 3 and glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored acidic serine–threonine‐rich HAM34‐like protein double‐stranded (ds)RNAs, which were assessed by culture bioassay, detached leaf assay and spray methods, and revealed a reduction in growth, sporulation and symptom expression. Plants sprayed with multigene targeted dsRNA–nanoclay showed enhanced disease resistance (4% disease severity) and less sporulation (<1 × 103) compared with plants sprayed with dsRNA alone.CONCLUSIONThe use of nanoclay with multigene targeted dsRNA was assumed to be involved in effective delivery, protection and boosting the action of RNAi as a spray‐induced gene silencing approach (SIGS). A significant reduction in growth, sporulation, disease severity and decreased gene expression authenticates the effects of SIGS on late blight progression. This study demonstrated as a proof of concept the dsRNA–nanoclay SIGS approach, which could be used as an alternative to chemical fungicides and transgenic approaches to develop an environmentally friendly novel plant protection strategy for late blight. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.