bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and rheology of plant‐derived hydrocolloid–mucin mixtures
Authors: Asimakopoulou Evdoxia , Giotis Charilaos , Andreadis Ioannis I. , Fatouros Dimitrios G. , Ritzoulis Christos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMixtures of mucin with pectin were investigated in a range of pectin to mucin ratios and pH values. The phase stability was first studied as absorbance measured at 500 nm (turbidity). Co‐existence of the two materials did not result in co‐sedimentation or relevant phase separations, while lower pH enhanced aggregation and partial sedimentation of individual components, especially for mucin. The above are in line with the recorded zeta potential values, which are negative for both components at neutral pH and drop down to almost zero at acidic values. The sizes of the particles, as recorded by dynamic light scattering, show a similar trend to the absorbance values, indicating that phase separations are in line with events at the scale of a few hundred nm. Such interactions reflect in shear rheology: The viscosity corresponding to 50 s−1 decreases upon substitution of pectin with mucin at pH 7 and 3, suggesting a flow dominated by changes in the space occupancy by the two components and by changes in the size of the self‐assembled structures. The results were compared with those of more complex and typical hydrocolloids extracted from olive compost: The overall shape of the stability diagram of the two ingredients match, suggesting similar modes of action in the presence of mucin for other natural materials. These data throw some light in the norms during the co‐existence of food polysaccharides and mucin in oral and gastrointestinal environments.
The European Forest Plant Species List (EuForPlant): Concept and applications
Authors: Heinken Thilo , Diekmann Martin , Liira Jaan , Orczewska Anna , Schmidt Marcus , Brunet Jörg , Chytrý Milan , Chabrerie Olivier , Decocq Guillaume , De Frenne Pieter , Dřevojan Pavel , Dzwonko Zbigniew , Ewald Jörg , Feilberg Jon , Graae Bente Jessen , Grytnes John‐Arvid , Hermy Martin , Kriebitzsch Wolf‐Ulrich , Laiviņš Māris , Lenoir Jonathan , Lindmo Sigrid , Marage Damien , Marozas Vitas , Niemeyer Thomas , Paal Jaanus , Pyšek Petr , Roosaluste Elle , Sádlo Jiří , Schaminée Joop H.J. , Tyler Torbjörn , Verheyen Kris , Wulf Monika , Vanneste Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuestionWhen evaluating forests in terms of their biodiversity, distinctiveness and naturalness, the affinity of the constituent species to forests is a crucial parameter. Here we ask to what extent are vascular plant species associated with forests, and does species’ affinity to forests vary between European regions?LocationTemperate and boreal forest biome of Northwestern and Central Europe.MethodsWe compiled EuForPlant, a new extensive list of forest vascular plant species in 24 regions spread across 13 European countries using vegetation databases and expert knowledge. Species were region‐specifically classified into four categories reflecting the degree of their affinity to forest habitats: 1.1, species of forest interiors; 1.2, species of forest edges and forest openings; 2.1, species that can be found in forest as well as open vegetation; and 2.2, species that can be found partly in forest, but mainly in open vegetation. An additional “O” category was distinguished, covering species typical for non‐forest vegetation.ResultsEuForPlant comprises 1,726 species, including 1,437 herb‐layer species, 159 shrubs, 107 trees, 19 lianas and 4 epiphytic parasites. Across regions, generalist forest species (with 450 and 777 species classified as 2.1 and 2.2, respectively) significantly outnumbered specialist forest species (with 250 and 137 species classified as 1.1 and 1.2, respectively). Even though the degree of shifting between the categories of forest affinity among regions was relatively low (on average, 17.5%), about one‐third of the forest species (especially 1.2 and 2.2) swapped categories in at least one of the study regions.ConclusionsThe proposed list can be used widely in vegetation science and global change ecology related to forest biodiversity and community dynamics. Shifting of forest affinity among regions emphasizes the importance of a continental‐scale forest plant species list with regional specificity.
Adverse events of subcutaneous loop recorders: Insights from the MAUDE database
Authors: Heaton Joseph , Rezkalla Kyrillos , Fullmer Jessie , Mbamalu Buniechukwuenu , Buddhavarapu Sivacharan , Garyali Samir 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundComplications using internal cardiac monitors (ICM) have been reported at a low rate. Targeted analyses of complications have not been well described in the literature.ObjectiveTo investigate and describe complications associated with ICM events reported to the FDA's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.MethodsOur team reviewed all reported events for the Reveal LINQ loop recorder submitted to the MAUDE database over 7 years (1/1/2013–12/31/2019). A 5% random selection of reports was audited by two researchers to ensure report validity. Two cardiologists manually reviewed death and incongruent events for final interpretation.Results12,652 records were obtained during the observed time period. A total of 15,587 device complications were reported. Of this, undersensing (n = 4509, 28.93%), premature discharge of battery (n = 3262, 20.93%), oversensing (n = 2788, 17.89%), and other sensing issues (n = 1532, 9.83%) were most commonly reported. Patient adverse events were reported 1,030 times. Pain or discomfort (n = 275, 26.70%), site infection (n = 213, 20.68%), erosion (n = 138, 13.40%), and impaired healing (n = 49, 4.76%) were most commonly reported to affect patients. Death was reported four times; after expert review, no reports justified the device or procedure as a reasonable cause.ConclusionSeveral non‐life‐threatening ICM complications were commonly noted from the analysis. This study supports the safe use of ICMs. A better understanding of the complication profile will help providers select patients, provide informed consent, and expected management.
Insights from behavioral economics for policymakers of choice‐based health insurance markets: A scoping review
Authors: Krishnan S. Sai , Iyer Subramanian S. , Balaji SMR Sai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article uses the systematic scoping review method to summarize literature at the interface of behavioral economics and health insurance. We aim to offer policymakers of choice‐based health insurance markets an understanding of (a) behavioral factors that affect consumer decision‐making in health insurance markets and (b) behavioral interventions that can be used to help consumers make better health insurance decisions. In the process, we reviewed 80 studies from extant literature and found that 18 behavioral factors negatively impact three major aspects of consumer decision‐making: that is, purchasing, quality of plan choice, and switching. We also identify 17 behavioral interventions that policymakers could use to help consumers make better health insurance decisions. However, while using the findings of the field, policymakers must keep in mind that there are limitations to the generalizability of the findings coupled with limitations that behavioral economics comes along with. Based on this study, future research could focus on identifying the segments of the populous that are more likely to be affected by the behavioral factors, and what behavioral interventions can be used to help them. Future research is also needed in settings other than WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) nations for the benefit of policymakers of non‐WEIRD nations.
Wind Turbines, Public Acceptance, and Electoral Outcomes
Authors: Umit Resul , Schaffer Lena Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite a widespread public support for wind energy in general, wind turbine proposals attract a considerable amount of public opposition. At a time of political commitments to building more wind turbines for climate risk mitigation, we study the potential causes of this opposition and its electoral effects. Our analysis draws on a survey experiment in Switzerland, where the number of wind turbines will grow from a couple of dozens to many hundreds in the next three decades. We find that exposure to wind turbines increases public acceptance, but this affect does not translate into electoral turnout or vote choice. Moreover, locality or politicisation does not seem to have an effect at all—neither on acceptance nor on electoral outcomes. Our results suggest that voters do not reward or punish political parties for their positions on wind energy, even when turbines might soon be rising in their local area.
Revisiting Castells' Take on the City and the Informational Age
Authors: Mamadouh V. , van der Wusten H. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper reappraises the two papers of Manuel Castells published in this journal in 1993 and 2002. This appraisal considers the context of his academic career and formidable body of work, the historical period in which the papers appeared and the general discussion on the transformation of cities and societies in academia. Although his legacy is now strongly coloured by Castells' later shift to information and communication, his contributions to cities should not be neglected. Commonalities and differences between the two papers at issue here are summarised. Despite shifts in personal positions of the author and socio‐economic positions of the studied cities, commonalities largely prevail. Their footprint in the academic literature is indicated by a discussion of cities and the world economy.
‘Fit for surgery’: the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and postoperative outcomes
Authors: Rose George A. , Davies Richard G. , Appadurai Ian R. , Williams Ian M. , Bashir Mohamad , Berg Ronan M. G. , Poole David C. , Bailey Damian M. 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
The relationships and physiological mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients undergoing major intra‐abdominal surgery.

What advances does it highlight?
Elevated CRF reduces postoperative morbidity/mortality, thus highlighting the importance of CRF as an independent risk factor. The vascular protection afforded by exercise prehabilitation can further improve surgical risk stratification and postoperative outcomes.

AbstractSurgery accounts for 7.7% of all deaths globally and the number of procedures is increasing annually. A patient's ‘fitness for surgery’ describes the ability to tolerate a physiological insult, fundamental to risk assessment and care planning. We have evolved as obligate aerobes that rely on oxygen (O2). Systemic O2 consumption can be measured via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) providing objective metrics of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Impaired CRF is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity. The perioperative period is associated with increased O2 demand, which if not met leads to O2 deficit, the magnitude and duration of which dictates organ failure and ultimately death. CRF is by far the greatest modifiable risk factor, and optimal exercise interventions are currently under investigation in patient prehabilitation programmes. However, current practice demonstrates potential for up to 60% of patients, who undergo preoperative CPET, to have their fitness incorrectly stratified. To optimise this work we must improve the detection of CRF and reduce potential for interpretive error that may misinform risk classification and subsequent patient care, better quantify risk by expressing the power of CRF to predict mortality and morbidity compared to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and improve patient interventions with the capacity to further enhance vascular adaptation. Thus, a better understanding of CRF, used to determine fitness for surgery, will enable both clinicians and exercise physiologists to further refine patient care and management to improve survival.
A Note on the New Activation Function of Gompertz Type
Authors: Iliev Anton Iliev , Kyurkchiev Nikolay , Markov Svetoslav 
Published: May 2022

In this note we construct a family of parametric Gompertz activation function (PGAF) based on hyperbolic tangent function. We prove upper and lower estimates for the Hausdorff approximation of the sign function by means of this family. Some comparisons between the hyperbolic tangent activation function and the new parametric Gompertz activation function are reported. Numerical examples, illustrating our results are given.
Surrogate Models for the Prediction of Damping Ratios in Coupled Acoustoelastic Rotor-Cavity Systems
Authors: Heinrich Christoph Rocky , Unglaube Tina , Beirow Bernd , Brillert Dieter , Steff Klaus , Petry Nico 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Centrifugal compressors are versatile machines that many industries employ for a wide range of different applications, including the production of highly compressed gases. During the last decades, comprehensive research was conducted on the impact of high-pressure operating conditions on the vibrational behavior of radial compressors. In various studies, acoustic modes building up in the side cavities were found to be a potential source of high cycle fatigue. Nowadays, it is well-known that an increase in gas pressure levels leads to a more pronounced fluid–structure interaction between the side cavities and the impeller resulting in a frequency shift of the acoustic and structural modes. In a recently published paper, the authors presented a generalized model which can predict this behavior. As it is not always possible to avoid operating close to or accelerating through a resonance, it is crucial to know the damping present within the system. Currently, only few publications concentrate on the damping of radial impellers. Therefore, the authors present measurement data acquired from a test rig at the University of Duisburg-Essen, which reveals the damping behavior of a disk under varying operating conditions. Two surrogate models are proposed to predict the identified damping behavior. The first one is based solely on a one-dimensional piston model and the second approach uses an enhanced version of the generalized method. Finally, the measurement data are used to validate both surrogate systems.
Fluid–Solid Interaction Modeling of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Point Contacts
Authors: Peterson Wyatt , Singh Kushagra , Sadeghi Farshid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Elastohydrodynamically lubricated point contact was investigated using a two-way partitioned fluid–solid interaction (FSI) model. ansys Mechanical finite element modeling software was used to compute elastic (and plastic) deformation of the solid bodies, while ansys fluent computational fluid dynamics software was used to model the fluid with the Navier–Stokes equations. The current model is not limited by Reynolds equation assumptions, allowing for the investigation of pressure, viscosity, and temperature variation across point contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) films. Solid body material stress distribution and fluid behavior such as cavitation were also investigated. The details of model development are described. Validation of the model is presented across a range of loads and speeds for cases when the Reynolds equation is applicable. The results are in excellent agreement. Various slide-to-roll ratios were investigated considering a non-Newtonian fluid with thermal effects to characterize lubricant properties within the EHL film. Results demonstrate notable lubricant viscosity and temperature variations within the EHL film thickness both along and perpendicular to the rolling direction for cases with high slide-to-roll ratio. Cavitation was also considered, and cavitation bubble lengths were found to agree well with results found in open literature. Finally, the effects of material plasticity on solid body response were investigated. The FSI model developed in this research provides new insights on a classical EHL problem.
Marathon Performance and Pacing in the Doha 2019 Women’s IAAF World Championships: Extreme Heat, Suboptimal Pacing, and High Failure Rates
Authors: Beal Harry , Corbett Jo , Davis Danielle , Barwood Martin J. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The Doha 2019 women’s World Championship marathon took place in extreme hot (32 °C), humid conditions (74% relative humidity) culminating in unprecedented (41%) failure rates. We explored whether extreme heat or suboptimal pacing was responsible for diminished performance against a temperate “control” (London 2017: 19 °C, 59% relative humidity) and whether physical characteristics (eg, body surface area, estimated maximal oxygen uptake, habitual heat exposure) explained performance. Method: Five-kilometer-pace (km·h−1) data underwent repeated-measures analyses of hot (Doha, n = 40) versus temperate pacing and performance (London, n = 78) within and between marathon pacing (finisher quartiles normalized against personal best; n = 10 per group) and within hot marathon finishers versus nonfinishers (up to 10 km; normalized data). Possible predictors (multiple regression) of hot marathon pacing were explored. Tests to .05 alpha level, partial eta squared () indicates effect size. Results: Mean (SD) of Doha (14.82 [0.96] km·h−1) pace was slower (London: 15.74 [0.96] km·h−1; P = .00; ). In hot conditions, athletes finishing in positions 1 to 10 (group 1) started more conservatively (93.7% [2.1%] of personal best) than slower runners (groups 3 and 4; 96.6% [2.8%] of personal best; P < .05, ). Groups were not different at 15 km and then slowed immediately (groups 3 and 4) or after 20 km (group 2). Finishers and nonfinishers adopted similar pace up to 10 km (P > .05, ). World ranking predicted (P = .00; r2 = .248) average pace in Doha. Conclusion: Extreme hot conditions reduced performance. Top 10 athletes adopted a conservative initial pace, whereas lower-placing athletes adopted a faster, aggressive start. Pacing alone does not explain high failure rates in nonfinishers. Athletes competing in the heat should initially pace conservatively to optimize performance.
Supplemental Material: Zircon-modeled melts shed light on the formation of Earth’s crust from the Hadean to the Archean
Authors: Carley Tamara L. , al. et 
Published: May 2022

<p>Data Set S1 (compilation of all zircon age dates and TE, supporting references, Kd<sub>Zrc[Ti]</sub>, and model melts), and Data Set S2 (compilation of whole-rock data [MOR, Mount St. Helens] and supporting references). </p>
Exercise dose–response relationship with heart rate variability in individuals with overweight and obesity: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sinha Mukesh Kumar , Maiya G Arun , Moga Ana Maria , K N Shivashankar , Shankar N Ravi , K Vaishali 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionObesity is a chronic relapsing disease process and serious public health concern that can lead to chronic diseases, medical complications and a higher risk of disability. Another significant feature of obesity is dysfunction in cardiac autonomic function, which leads to changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation, which can be measured using heart rate variability (HRV). The objective of this review is to estimate the extent to which exercise doses impacts on HRV among individuals living with overweight and obesity class I and II.Methods and analysisA systematic literature search will be performed using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for articles dating from 1965 to December 2021. Inclusion criteria include studies designed as parallel-arm randomised trials, enrolling adolescent and adult individuals with overweight (body mass index, BMI≥25 to ≤29.9) and obesity (class I BMI: 30–34.9 and class II BMI: 35–39.9) undergoing aerobic or resistance training or concurrent exercise training. For data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and risk of bias assessment, Stata V.13.0 software will be used.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required. This systematic review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019104154.
Exploring the experiences and challenges for patients undergoing cranioplasty: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Mee Harry , Clement Clare , Anwar Fahim , Whiting Gemma , Timofeev Ivan , Helmy Adel , Hutchinson Peter John , Kolias Angelos G 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionCranioplasty is a widely practised neurosurgical procedure aimed at reconstructing a skull defect, but its impact on a patient’s rehabilitation following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke could be better understood. In addition, there are many issues that a TBI patient or the patient who had a stroke and their families may have to adapt to. Insight into some of the potential social barriers, including issues related to social engagement and cosmetic considerations, would be beneficial. Currently, little is known about how this procedure impacts a patient’s recovery, the patient’s perceptions of rehabilitation precranioplasty and postcranioplasty and the broader issues of cosmesis and social reintegration. This study hopes to understand some of these issues and therefore help inform clinicians of some of the difficulties and perceptions that patients and their relatives may have.Methods and analysisA mixed-methods study. Data will be collected through focus groups with healthcare professionals (HCPs) and semi-structured interviews with patients and their relatives, field notes, a researcher diary and a patient questionnaire. Different perspectives will be brought together through method triangulation. Patient and relative data will be analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis, and HCPs data will be analysed thematically using deductive and inductive coding.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Wales REC 7 ethics committee (Rec ref: 19/WA/0315). There is limited literature regarding a patient’s perception of the cranioplasty process, the potential impact on rehabilitation and how this may impact their reintegration into the community. The results of this study will be presented at national brain injury conferences and published in peer-reviewed, national and international journals.