bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capnodynamic monitoring of lung volume and pulmonary blood flow during alveolar recruitment: a prospective observational study in postoperative cardiac patients
Authors: Keleher Elise , Iftikhar Hareem , Schulz Luis F , McCanny Peter , Austin Danielle , Stewart Antony , O’Regan William , Hallbäck Magnus , Wallin Mats , Aneman Anders 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Alveolar recruitment manoeuvres may mitigate ventilation and perfusion mismatch after cardiac surgery. Monitoring the efficacy of recruitment manoeuvres should provide concurrent information on pulmonary and cardiac changes.

Methods

This study in postoperative cardiac patients applied capnodynamic monitoring of changes in end-expiratory lung volume and effective pulmonary blood flow. Alveolar recruitment was performed by incremental increases in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to a maximum of 15 cmH2O from a baseline of 5 cmH2O over 30 minutes. The change in systemic oxygen delivery index after the recruitment manoeuvre was used to identify responders (> 10% increase) with all other changes (≤ 10%) denoting non-responders. Mixed factor ANOVA using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used to denote significant changes (p < 0.05) reported as mean differences and 95%CI. Changes in end-expiratory lung volume and effective pulmonary bloods flow were correlated using Pearson’s regression.

Results

Twenty-seven (42%) of 64 patients were responders increasing oxygen delivery index by 172 (95%CI 61 — 2984) mL min− 1 m− 2 (p < 0.001). End-expiratory lung volume increased by 549 (95%CI 220 — 1116) mL (p = 0.042) in responders associated with an increase in effective pulmonary blood flow of 1140 (95%CI 435 — 2146) mL min− 1 (p = 0.012) compared to non-responders. A positive correlation (r = 0.79, 95%CI 0.59 — 0.90, p < 0.001) between increased end-expiratory lung volume and effective pulmonary blood flow was only observed in responders.

Conclusions

Capnodynamic monitoring of end-expiratory lung volume and effective pulmonary blood flow early in postoperative cardiac patients identified a characteristic parallel increase in both lung volume and perfusion after the recruitment manoeuvre in patients with a significant increase in oxygen delivery.
This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05082168, 18th of October 2021).
Renewable electricity capacity planning with uncertainty at multiple scales * † ‡
Authors: Ferris Michael C. , Philpott Andy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We formulate and compare optimization models of investment in renewable generation using a suite of social planning models that compute optimal generation capacity investments for a hydro-dominated electricity system where inflow uncertainty results in a risk of energy shortage. The models optimize the (possibly risk-adjusted) cost of capacity expansion and operation allowing for investments in hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, and thermal plant, as well as battery storage for smoothing load profiles. A novel feature is the integration of uncertain seasonal hydroelectric energy supply and short-term variability in renewable supply in a two-stage stochastic programming framework. The models are applied to data from the New Zealand electricity system and used to estimate the costs of moving to a 100 % renewable electricity system by 2035. We also explore the outcomes obtained when applying different forms of CO2 constraint that limit respectively non-renewable capacity, non-renewable generation, and CO2 emissions on average, almost surely, or in a chance-constrained setting, and show how our models can be used to investigate the merits of a proposed pumped-hydro scheme in New Zealand’s South Island.
Three main short-chain fatty acids attenuate 5-FU-induced THP-1 cells inflammation via glycerolphospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Wu Liang , Yang Changshui , Mao Haoyu , Wang Chengyin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a common antitumor drug, but there is no effective treatment for its side effect, intestinal mucositis. The inflammatiory reaction of macrophages in intestinal mucosa induced by 5-FU is an important cause of intestinal mucositis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the three main short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), sodium acetate (NaAc), sodium propionate (NaPc), and sodium butyrate (NaB), on human mononuclear macrophage-derived THP-1 cells induced by 5-FU. The inhibition mechanism of macrophage inflammation was studied by untargeted metabolomics. The THP-1 cells were pre-incubated with 100 μmol/L of NaAc, NaPc, and NaB for 24 h, then treated with 2.5 mmol/L 5-FU for 24 h. The expressions of ROS, NF-κB p65, NLRP3 inflammasome, pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines were determined, and the cell metabolites was analyed by untargeted metabolomics techniques. It is found that the three main SCFAs could inhibite the pro-inflammation factors expressions including NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 when treated with 5-FU. The ROS expression and NF-κB pathway activity of THP-1 cell were inhibited by the three main SCFAs pre-incubated. Our results indicated that the three main SCFAs can effectively suppress the THP-1 cell inflammation via ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, and affect 20 kinds of THP-1 cell metabolites which belong to amino acids and phosphatidylcholine. These significantly altered metabolites were involved in amino acid metabolism, glycerolphospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism., This is the first time that the three main SCFA had been found to inhibit 5-FU-induced macrophage inflammation through the above metabolic pathways through untargeted metabolomics.
Cross-domain Constrained Network for Zero-shot Object Detection
Authors: Lv Wen , Shi Hongbo , Tan Shuai , Song Bing , Tao Yang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Zero-shot object detection (ZSD) aims to recognize and locate unseen objects without training samples. Despite the rapid progress in the ZSD technique, most existing algorithms learn a mapping relationship between visual features and semantic space based on seen classes to apply the unseen classes without considering unseen class possible connections in the inference. Besides, due to the heterogeneous characteristics (category attributes and distribution variations) in different domains, the network’s mapping relationship alone between visual and semantic data will lead to inference bias. To address the above issues, we propose a novel cross-domain constrained network for ZSD, named constraint-ZSD. Specifically, we built a target association strategy to associate seen instances to learn unseen classes, which guarantees that at least one unseen object is associated with a similar seen object during the training period. Then, we model a cross-domain constrained mechanism to set a relational knowledge graph and explicitly constrain the consistency of category correlation under visual and semantic domains. As a result, the detector is guided to learn object-related and domain-independent feature representations. Finally, extensive experiments are presented for two standard benchmarks of ZSD, PASCAL VOC and MSCOCO. Our method outperforms previous state-of-the-art techniques on ZSD and generalized ZSD (GZSD) tasks.
Markov Chain for Keywords Extraction from News Articles
Authors: Patel Parth Mihir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Keywords extraction, that is the process of extracting the most important and relevant words from a text or a set of texts, is one of the core components of every News Aggregator Service. This paper elaborates how Markov Chain can be used for extracting nouns from a set of news articles, and then ranking them in order to extract the top five. The process involves noun extraction using POS tagger, construction of a graph of extracted nouns, and PageRank algorithm for ranking nouns.
Impact of stylolite cementation on weathering rates of carbonate rocks
Authors: Israeli Yoni , Emmanuel Simon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The weathering of carbonate rocks plays a significant role in the evolution of Earth’s surface. Such weathering is often accelerated by the presence of stylolites, which are rough, serated surfaces that form by dissolution under burial or tectonic stresses. Stylolites are thought to represent zones of mechanical weakness in rocks, as well as regions in which chemical weathering is enhanced. However, a quantitative framework capable of predicting how stylolites accelerate weathering in carbonates has yet to be achieved. In this study, we first used scanning electron microscopy and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy to characterize the way in which the two sides of individual stylolites are connected at the microscopic scale. In the samples we examined, we found that micrometer-scale calcite bridges span the opposing sides of the stylolites, effectively cementing the rock together. This cement filled 1%-30% of the stylolite volume. We then used a numerical cellular automaton model to simulate the effect that the degree of carbonate cementation has on stylolitic carbonate rock weathering. Our results show that weathering rates decrease non-linearly as the degree of stylolite cementation increases. The effect on overall rock weathering rates is significant: stylolite-bearing rocks with 1% cementation weathered as much as 37 times faster than limestone without stylolites, primarily because of accelerated mechanical erosion. Our results indicate that stylolites could be as important as joints and fractures in accelerating carbonate rock weathering and in the development of karst landscapes, potentially making a major contribution to global carbonate weathering.
A nomogram to predict the risk of bleeding after discharge from stent-assisted aneurysm embolization in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Yichuan , Bai Jinbo , Kang Fu , Li Wei , Xiao Zaixing , Ma Yong , Chai Erqing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The occurrence of bleeding events may seriously affect the prognosis of patients with Stent-Assisted Coil (SAC) aneurysms. A nomogram can provide a personalized, more accurate risk estimate based on predictors. We, therefore, developed a nomogram to predict the probability of bleeding events in patients with stent-assisted aneurysm embolization.
Methods
We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of data collected from patients undergoing stent-assisted aneurysm embolization between January 2018 and December 2021. Forward stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of adverse events of bleeding after stent-assisted embolization and to establish nomograms. Discrimination and calibration of this model using the area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) and the calibration plot. The model is internally validated by using resampling (1000 replicates).
Results
A total of 131 patients were collected, and a total of 118 patients met the study criteria. The predictors included in the nomogram were Body Mass Index(BMI), AAi, and MA-ADP. The model showed good resolving power with a ROC area of ​​0.893 (95% CI: 0.834 ~ 0.952) for this model with good calibration.
Conclusion
The nomogram can be used to individualize, visualize and accurately predict the risk probability of bleeding events after stent-assisted embolization of aneurysms.
Use of Fuzzy Logic in the Classification of Thyroid Nodules Detected by Ultrasonography
Authors: ANDRADE LUIS JESUINO DE OLIVEIRA , DE OLIVEIRA LUÍSA CORREIA MATOS , DE OLIVEIRA LUIS MATOS , BITTENCOURT ALCINA MARIA VINHAES , LOURENÇO LETÍCIA GÓES DE CARVALHO , DE OLIVEIRA GABRIELA CORREIA MATOS 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Employ fuzzy logic to auxiliary in diagnosis and malignancy grade of thyroid nodules by ultrasound.
Methods
A cross-sectional study evaluating 75 exams results from patients with a thyroid nodule. The following ultrasound findings were evaluated employing a quantitative score: not suspicious, not very suspicious, moderately suspicious, and highly suspicious. The echographic features evaluated for suspicion of malignancy were based on the following nodule components: composition, echogenicity, shape, margin, and echogenic foci, graded using the Thyroid Imaging Data and Reporting System by the American College of Radiology. By combining ultrasound scoring and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology using fuzzy logic, a classification for thyroid nodules was constructed.
Results
Hypoechogenicity and microcalcifications were the findings that showed the best interaction with malignancy on ultrasound, while shape and margin showed the smallest estimation errors when compared with composition. A classification for thyroid nodules was suggested based on the 95% confidence interval of hypoechogenicity and microcalcifications: not suspicious (< 24.6); not very suspicious (24.6–48.0); moderate (48.1–64.5); moderately suspicious (64.6–77.0); highly suspicious (77.1–92.7); and malignant (> 92.7).
Conclusion
By fuzzy logic, a classification for thyroid nodules diagnosed by ultrasound supported by echogenicity and nodular microcalcifications was constructed with a simple practical application.
Compost-derived thermophilic microorganisms producing glycoside hydrolase activities as new potential biocatalysts for sustainable processes
Authors: Finore Ilaria , Leone Luigi , Gioiello Alessia , Romano Ida , Cangemi Silvana , Mazzei Pierluigi , Piccolo Alessandro , Cattaneo Andrea , Nicolaus Barbara , Kambourova Margarita , Poli Annarita , Lama Licia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The management of the organic waste recycling process determines the interest in the thermophiles microorganisms involved in composting. Although many microbial enzymes have been isolated and studied for their industrial and commercial uses, there is still a continuous search for the potential microorganisms which could synthesize industrially feasible enzymes, especially when microbial diversity of cow dung makes itself a potential source of biotechnological enzymes.
Results: The composting process studied at the Experimental Station of the University of Naples Federico II (Castel Volturno, Caserta, Italy) was characterized by saw dust 40%, bovine manure 58%, and 2% mature compost as raw organic substrates, and its thermophilic phase exceeded a temperature of 55 °C for at least 5 days, thus achieving sanitation. Five new microbial strains were isolated and named CV1-1, CV1-2, CV2-1, CV2-2, CV2-3 and CV2-4. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, HRMAS-NMR spectroscopy, and biochemical investigations, they were ascribed to the genera Geobacillus and Bacillus. The microbial isolates have been checked for the presence of glycoside hydrolase enzymes in extracellular, cell-bound, and cytosolic fractions. Moreover, pectinase activities have been researched.
Conclusions: The isolation of new thermophilic microorganisms has allowed to study the compost biodiversity, and subsequently permitted the identification of enzymatic activities able to degrade cellulose and other polymeric substrates, which could be interesting from an industrial and a biotechnological point of view, furthermore, increasing knowledge and potential applicability in different industrial fields
Higher risk of car accidents in older patients with Toxoplasma Gondii in Yazd province, center of Iran: A Cohort Study
Authors: Ghasemirad Hamidreza , Aalazade Maryam Sadat , Shariatpanahi Marjan , Owliaey Hamid , Kargar Meraj , Ghasemirad Mohammadreza , Chehrazad Mozhgan , Zare Mahdie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Toxoplasmosis seems to be not only an infectious disease with known signs and symptoms, but it can also disturb the social behavioral aspects of animals and human. These social problems, especially memory disfunction, may lead to dangerous events like traffic accidents. The purpose of the study is to investigate and compare the rate of traffic accidents in people with positive serology for Toxoplasma gondiiand people with negative serology.
Materials and Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study conducted according to the statistics available in the laboratories of Yazd province, in the center of Iran, from 2018 to 2021.
We used information of 360 people with driving licenses divided into two groups related to the data of the results of IgG test against Toxoplasma gondii, collected in the laboratories of Yazd, Iran. One group was seropositive and the other one was seronegative for Toxoplasma gondii. The statistical analysis of the traffic accidents during 2018-2021 were recorded by the traffic police system.
Results
The age of toxoplasmosis group was slightly more than control group. (36.2 and 34.08, respectively; p-value= 0.03). There was no significant difference between time of driving in toxoplasmosis and control group. (P-value= 0.06). The rate of accidents was higher in toxoplasmosis group. (36.7% and 20.6%; p-value<0.001). This rate was significantly higher in people of 35-69 years old compared with younger ones. (40% and 32.9% respectively; p-value=0.01)
Conclusion
People with latent toxoplasmosis had a significantly higher risk of car accidents than seronegative ones and this risk was higher in older people. Due to contradictory results about the effect of toxoplasmosis on traffic accidents and higher rate of toxoplasmosis in Persian cats, these findings should be taken into consideration in designing strategies for public health.
Development of Conductometric Method for Quantification of Metformin HCl in Bulk and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Palled Mahesh S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The main objectives of proposed research work is to develop and validate novel cost effective conductometric method for quantification of Metformin HCl in bulk and its marketed pharmaceuticals.
Methods
The proposed conductometric method makes the use Millipore water as solvent system for the analysis. The method was developed by preparing various concentration of analyte in water and measuring the electrical conductance. In order to measure the electrical conductivity of analyte solution ELICO CM 183EC-TDS analyser version 2.3 was utilized. The developed method was validated in order to standardize its performance as per current regulatory recommendations.
Results
Metformin HCl displayed the linearity between the concentration ranges of 50 to 250 µg/mL with r2 value of 0.9999. The % relative standard deviation observed at each validation parameters was well within the acceptance with less than 2% RSD. The recovery values were observed between 99 to 100%.
Conclusion
The newly established and authenticated conductometric tool was found to be realistic for quantification of Metformin HCl in its marketed tablet pharmaceuticals.
Reproductive Health Risks Of Divorced Poor Women And Its Consequences: A Study In Dhaka City
Authors: Parvez Mohammad Anwar , Islam Md. Shahidul , BakiBillah Abul Hasan , Islam Muhammad Tanbirul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Health and well-being of women is critical to the country’s future development, although the surrounding reproductive health (RH) still remain a cultural taboo, especially for divorced poor women who have vulnerable stabilities in managing their reproductive health. Women in Bangladesh too often enter their reproductive years poorly informed about RH issues. A significant number of divorced poor women are deprived the reproductive health services in rural and urban areas. The divorced poor women have been studied in this research as they belong to one of the neglected communities of Bangladesh. The study was conducted during July to December 2017. The data were collected by using semi-structured questionnaire. A majority (88.0%) of the respondents suffered from complications during their pregnancy. In their last pregnancy, 60.0% of them confessed lack of frequent medical checkups and balanced diet. 78.0% of the respondents lived in an unhygienic condition with 60.0% of them had insufficient light and air flow access in home. Overwhelming majority of the respondents suffered from complications during their delivery. About half of the respondents suffered from uterus complications with more than three-quarter of respondents identified residential environment as affecting factor on their reproductive health.
A Molecular Docking Analysis of Phytochemical as the Potential Inhibitors of Crystal Hemagglutinin structure from Influenza Virus A/ Denver/57 bound to CO5 Antibody
Authors: Rameshnathan Devarani , Suryadevara Nagaraja , Vairavan Charles Arvind Sethuraman , Shanmugam Gnanendra , Vetriselvan Subramaniyan , Sivapragasam Gothai , Sekar Mahendran , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar , Fuloria Shivkanya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recurrence of the Influenza A infection has been affecting a huge number of individuals worldwide due to resistance of antiviral drugs against the newly produced strains. This occurs mainly due to the mutagenicity caused by the virus in amino acid sequences of the glycoprotein, Hemagglutinin and side effects demonstrated by infected individuals in a long term usage of the drug, showed lower efficacy in inhibiting the entry of the virus. Hence, this study is conducted to evaluate a potential drug from phytochemical compound derivatives, Oleanolic acid (OA) through molecular docking replacing the current drugs available in pharmaceutical fields, and combating influenza A virus infection. The standard drug, OA and target protein structure Hemagglutinin was retrieved from the database and was further used in molecular computational docking using PyRx software tools. OA along with the similarities derivatives are then screened based on the highest binding energy -kcal/mol and each of the selected potential compounds was filtered for its biological activity via Molinspiration tools. Among the 1,365 screened compounds a number of 15 potential compounds were identified and demonstrated possible druggability characteristics and firm receptor-ligand interactions through docking analysis. With these 15 compounds, two compounds with the highest binding affinity of -8.5 kcal/mol known to be 11alpha,12alpha-Epoxy Oleanolic lactone and Papyriogenin A are found to be the potential drug compared to compounds.These two compounds as phytochemical derivatives with the highest binding energy and druggability characteristics demonstrated a significant value compared to standard drugs which can be further implemented for drug molecular studies in inventing new antiviral drug treatment against newly produced mutated strains of influenza virus A.
Few-Shot Learning using Siamese Twin Network for the Classification of Blood Cells
Authors: Tummala Sudhakar , Suresh Anil K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Automated classification of blood cells from microscopic images is an interesting research area owing to advancements of efficient neural network architectures. Here, we developed a few-shot contrastive learning model for the classification of peripheral blood cells including lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, immature granulocytes, erythroblasts, and platelets using EfficientNet as a base model and contrastive loss as a loss function. A total of 17092 publicly accessible images acquired using the CellaVision DM96 were analyzed. From 125 images of each cell type, 20000 image pairs are generated for Siamese twin network (STN) training and another 125 images from each cell type are used for few-shot validation. Therefore, out of 17092 images, 6% were used for training, 6% for few-shot validation and rest 88% for few-shot testing. This architecture demonstrates an overall accuracy of 97.21% during 8-way 3-shot testing for the classification of all cell types with an accuracy of 97.72% for the classification of white blood cells alone. Further, we propose a novel class activation mapping scheme for the interpretability of the model decisions suitable for STN. To conclude, the proposed framework based on contrastive learning could be used for the fully automated self-exploratory classification and identification of peripheral blood cells.