bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human 8-cell embryos enable efficient induction of disease-preventive mutations without off-target effect by cytosine base editor
Authors: Wei Yinghui , Zhang Meiling , Hu Jing , Zhou Yingsi , Xue Mingxing , Yin Jianhang , Liu Yuanhua , Feng Hu , Zhou Ling , Li Zhifang , Wang Dongshuang , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhou Yin , Liu Hongbin , Yao Ning , Zuo Erwei , Hu Jiazhi , Du Yanzhi , Li Wen , Xu Chunlong , Yang Hui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Approximately 140 million people worldwide are homozygous carriers of APOE4 (ε4), a strong genetic risk factor for late onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 91% of whom will develop AD at earlier age than heterozygous carriers and non-carriers. Susceptibility to AD could be reduced by targeted editing of APOE4, but a technical basis for controlling the off-target effects of base editors is necessary to develop low-risk personalized gene therapies. Here, we first screened eight cytosine base editor variants at four injection stages (from 1- to 8-cell stage), and found that FNLS-YE1 variant in 8-cell embryos achieved the comparable base conversion rate (up to 100%) with the lowest bystander effects. In particular, 80% of AD-susceptible ε4 allele copies were converted to the AD-neutral ε3 allele in human ε4-carrying embryos. Stringent control measures combined with targeted deep sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and RNA sequencing showed no DNA or RNA off-target events in FNLS-YE1-treated human embryos or their derived stem cells. Furthermore, base editing with FNLS-YE1 showed no effects on embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Finally, we also demonstrated FNLS-YE1 could introduce known protective variants in human embryos to potentially reduce human susceptivity to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Our study therefore suggests that base editing with FNLS-YE1 can efficiently and safely introduce known preventive variants in 8-cell human embryos, a potential approach for reducing human susceptibility to AD or other genetic diseases.
The next generation Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) spectrophotometer: a new miniaturized instrument for helioseismology
Authors: Hale S J , Chaplin W J , Davies G R , Elsworth Y P , Howe R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We describe a new spectrophotometer for the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON), based on a next generation observation platform, BiSON:NG, a significantly miniaturized system making use of inexpensive consumer-grade hardware and off-the-shelf components, where possible. We show through system modelling and simulation, along with a summer observing campaign, that the prototype instrument produces data on the Sun’s low-degree acoustic (p-mode) oscillations that are of equal quality and can be seamlessly integrated into the existing network. Refreshing the existing ageing hardware, and the extended observational network potential of BiSON:NG, will secure our ongoing programme of high-quality synoptic observations of the Sun’s low-degree oscillations (e.g. for seismic monitoring of the solar cycle at a ‘whole Sun’ level).
From “Civilian Clergy to Officer”: Hiring and Training Chaplains for Federal Government Positions
Authors: Tien Grace , Cadge Wendy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article asks how people hired into federal chaplaincy positions are trained on the job. We find that unlike those hired into positions based on education, knowledge, and skills to date, chaplains are hired—by design—without some of the skills required for the job. Employers do not expect hired chaplains to understand organizational norms and practices, and so we identify strategies like inculcation and embodiment that employers use to help chaplains integrate their religious identity with their new professional identity. Drawing on interviews and archival data, we examine the process of hiring and training for federal chaplains as a case study of religious professionals in secular and pluralistic organizational contexts. This article contributes to and bridges work between scholars of religion and scholars of work and organizations who are interested in processes of hiring and training but do not often consider the role of religion in relation to such processes.
Intramuscular administration of glyoxylate rescues swine from lethal cyanide poisoning and ameliorates the biochemical sequalae of cyanide intoxication
Authors: Bebarta Vik S , Shi Xu , Zheng Shunning , Hendry-Hofer Tara B , Severance Carter C , Behymer Matthew M , Boss Gerry R , Mahon Sari , Brenner Matthew , Knipp Gregory T , Davisson Vincent Jo , Peterson Randall T , MacRae Calum A , Rutter Jared , Gerszten Robert E , Nath Anjali K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cyanide—a fast-acting poison—is easy to obtain given its widespread use in manufacturing industries. It is a high-threat chemical agent that poses a risk of occupational exposure in addition to being a terrorist agent. FDA-approved cyanide antidotes must be given intravenously, which is not practical in a mass casualty setting due to the time and skill required to obtain intravenous access. Glyoxylate is an endogenous metabolite that binds cyanide and reverses cyanide-induced redox imbalances independent of chelation. Efficacy and biochemical mechanistic studies in an FDA-approved preclinical animal model have not been reported. Therefore, in a swine model of cyanide poisoning, we evaluated the efficacy of intramuscular glyoxylate on clinical, metabolic, and biochemical endpoints. Animals were instrumented for continuous hemodynamic monitoring and infused with potassium cyanide. Following cyanide-induced apnea, saline control or glyoxylate was administered intramuscularly. Throughout the study, serial blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic, metabolite, and biochemical studies, in addition, vital signs, hemodynamic parameters, and laboratory values were measured. Survival in glyoxylate-treated animals was 83% compared with 12% in saline-treated control animals (p &lt; .01). Glyoxylate treatment improved physiological parameters including pulse oximetry, arterial oxygenation, respiration, and pH. In addition, levels of citric acid cycle metabolites returned to baseline levels by the end of the study. Moreover, glyoxylate exerted distinct effects on redox balance as compared with a cyanide-chelating countermeasure. In our preclinical swine model of lethal cyanide poisoning, intramuscular administration of the endogenous metabolite glyoxylate improved survival and clinical outcomes, and ameliorated the biochemical effects of cyanide.
Normative Team Age Prototypes: Exploring Follower, Leader, and Team Characteristics
Authors: Weidner Nathan , Thrasher Gregory R , Rudolph Cort W 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The concept of implicit organizational timetables suggests that leaders are expected to be older than their followers. However, increased age diversity in the workforce has led to situations in which this is not the case. Expanding on the core tenets of leader categorization theory, the present study establishes the concept of an age-prototypical team characterized by the age of the leader relative to their followers and explores how team age prototypicality influences subsequent observer evaluations of the team. Moreover, this study examines possible boundary conditions and intermediary mechanisms that further explain bias in the evaluation of age-diverse teams. To establish and explore the nature and effect of age-based team prototypes, we conducted 3 independent experimental vignette studies. In Study 1 (n = 590), we establish evidence for age-based team prototypes, by demonstrating a “leaders are older, followers are younger” prototype and further considering the diversity of follower age as a boundary condition for the effects of leader age on ratings of attraction to the team, anticipated team behaviors, and expectations for future success. Then, in Study 2 (n = 686) and Study 3 (n = 782), we extend these results by examining how the perception of team (Study 2) and leader (Study 3) performance cues are influenced by team age composition prototypes. In Study 3, we also consider intermediary attributional mechanisms that explain associations between performance and perceived qualities of the team. Results suggest that prototype inconsistent teams (i.e., teams with younger leaders and older followers) are viewed more harshly in the face of negative performance cues as a function of team composition rather than because of leader or follower attributes individually.
Neither leg nor jaw—nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped
Authors: Grams Markus , Klinger Michael , Richter Stefan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWithin Malacostraca, legs are diversified variously throughout the groups. Most conspicuous is the transformation of anterior thoracopods, especially the first, into maxillipeds involved in feeding. However, the concept of a maxilliped is not precise, because it relates to a vague combination of morphological and functional deviation from a locomotory limb. Although general homology of the first thoracopod (maxilliped or not) is beyond doubt, special homology (synapomorphy) of the anteriormost maxillipeds remains uncertain. For better insights, we studied the musculature and exoskeletal structures of the first thoracopods in Anaspidacea, Euphausiacea, Lophogastrida, Mysida and Stygiomysida, using three-dimesional reconstruction of laser scanning microscopy and micro-computed tomography data. Our analysis shows high muscular and skeletal complexity of the first thoracopods. We herein reject the term ‘maxilliped’ for Anaspidacea and Euphausiacea, because their first thoracopods differ little from the posterior limbs, although specific correspondences between these taxa might represent synapomorphies. The ‘mysidacean maxilliped’ is morphologically well derived from the posterior thoracopods and appears synapomorphic for the mysidacean subtaxa. A comparison with other Peracarida additionally shows correspondences indicating a homologous ‘peracaridan maxilliped’. In contrast, we consider the peracaridan maxilliped not to be homologous to the decapodan maxilliped. As a distinction, we propose the term ‘unguiped’ for the peracaridan first thoracopod.
Trajectories of Palliative Care Needs in the ICU and Long-Term Psychological Distress Symptoms*
Authors: Cox Christopher E. , Gu Jessie , Ashana Deepshikha Charan , Pratt Elias H. , Haines Krista , Ma Jessica , Olsen Maren K. , Parish Alice , Casarett David , Al-Hegelan Mashael S. , Naglee Colleen , Katz Jason N. , O’Keefe Yasmin Ali , Harrison Robert W. , Riley Isaretta L. , Bermejo Santos , Dempsey Katelyn , Johnson Kimberly S. , Docherty Sharron L. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES:
While palliative care needs are assumed to improve during ICU care, few empiric data exist on need trajectories or their impact on long-term outcomes. We aimed to describe trajectories of palliative care needs during ICU care and to determine if changes in needs over 1 week was associated with similar changes in psychological distress symptoms at 3 months.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Six adult medical and surgical ICUs.

PARTICIPANTS:
Patients receiving mechanical ventilation for greater than or equal to 2 days and their family members.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was the 13-item Needs at the End-of-Life Screening Tool (NEST; total score range 0–130) completed by family members at baseline, 3, and 7 days. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Post-Traumatic Stress Scale (PTSS) were completed at baseline and 3 months. General linear models were used to estimate differences in distress symptoms by change in need (NEST improvement ≥ 10 points or not). One-hundred fifty-nine family members participated (median age, 54.0 yr [interquartile range (IQR), 44.0–63.0 yr], 125 [78.6%] female, 54 [34.0%] African American). At 7 days, 53 (33%) a serious level of overall need and 35 (22%) ranked greater than or equal to 1 individual need at the highest severity level. NEST scores improved greater than or equal to 10 points in only 47 (30%). Median NEST scores were 22 (IQR, 12–40) at baseline and 19 (IQR, 9–37) at 7 days (change, –2.0; IQR, –11.0 to 5.0; p = 0.12). There were no differences in PHQ-9, GAD-7, or PTSS change scores by change in NEST score (all p > 0.15).

CONCLUSIONS:
Serious palliative care needs were common and persistent among families during ICU care. Improvement in needs was not associated with less psychological distress at 3 months. Serious needs may be commonly underrecognized in current practice.
Systemic glucocorticoids as an adjunct to treatment of postoperative pain after total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Køppen Kasper S. , Gasbjerg Kasper S. , Andersen Jakob H. , Hägi-Pedersen Daniel , Lunn Troels H. , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
Postoperative analgesic effects of systemic glucocorticoids given as an adjunct to treatment are largely undetermined in alloplastic procedures.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the beneficial and harmful effects of peri-operative systemic glucocorticoid treatment for pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

DESIGN
A systematic review of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) with meta-analyses, trial sequential analyses and GRADE. Primary outcome was 24 h intravenous (i.v.) morphine (or equivalent) consumption with a predefined minimal important difference (MID) of 5 mg. Secondary outcomes included pain at rest and during mobilisation (MID, VAS 10 mm), adverse and serious adverse events (SAEs).

DATA SOURCES
We searched EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed and Google Scholar up to October 2021.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
RCTs investigating peri-operative systemic glucocorticoid versus placebo or no intervention, for analgesic pain management of patients at least 18 years undergoing planned THA or TKA, irrespective of publication date and language.

RESULTS
We included 32 RCTs with 3521 patients. Nine trials were at a low risk of bias. Meta-analyses showed evidence of a reduction in 24 h cumulative morphine consumption with glucocorticoids by 5.0 mg (95% CI 2.2 to 7.7; P = 0.0004). Pain at rest was reduced at 6 h by 7.8 mm (95% CI 5.5 to 10.2; P < 0.00001), and at 24 h by 6.3 mm (95% CI 3.8 to 8.8; P < 0.00001). Pain during mobilisation was reduced at 6 h by 9.8 mm (95% CI 6.9 to 12.8; P < 0.00001), and at 24 h by 9.0 mm (95% CI 5.5 to 12.4, P < 0.00001). Incidence of adverse events was generally lower in the glucocorticoid treatment group. SAEs were rarely reported. The GRADE rated quality of evidence was low to very low.

CONCLUSION
Peri-operative systemic glucocorticoid treatment reduced postoperative morphine consumption to an individually relevant level following hip and knee arthroplasty. Pain levels were reduced but were below the predefined MID. The quality of evidence was generally low.

REGISTRATION
PROSPERO ID: CRD42019135034
Complementary system vs. conventional trifocal intraocular lens: comparison of optical-quality metrics and unwanted-light distribution
Authors: Naujokaitis Tadas , Auffarth Gerd U. , Khoramnia Ramin , Łabuz Grzegorz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the ARTIS Symbiose complementary intraocular lens (IOL) system, consisting of the MID and PLUS models, in comparison with a conventional trifocal IOL (AcrySof IQ PanOptix).

Setting:
The David J. Apple Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Design:
Laboratory investigation.

Methods:
Modulation and phase transfer functions were obtained in polychromatic light using an optical bench setup. Simulated visual acuity (VA) values were derived from optical-quality metrics weighted by neural contrast sensitivity. United States Air Force (USAF) chart images were acquired and processed. Furthermore, the light distribution beyond the center of a polychromatic point spread function was assessed.

Results:
The peak simulated VA values of ARTIS Symbiose MID were at 0D of defocus (-0.02 logMAR) and at -1.5D (0.00 logMAR); of ARTIS Symbiose PLUS, they were at 0D of defocus (-0.01 logMAR) and at -2.5D (0.01 logMAR). AcrySof IQ PanOptix demonstrated three peaks: at 0D of defocus (-0.02 logMAR), at -1.75D (0.03 logMAR) and at -2.5D (0.02 logMAR). The summation of USAF chart images in the simulated binocular IOL system produced a slightly better image quality at -1.0D and -1.5D than AcrySof IQ PanOptix. The IOLs yielded comparable light spread across the studied range except for a localized intensity spike of the ARTIS Symbiose IOLs.

Conclusions:
The complementary IOL system may yield better monocular intermediate VA compared to the conventional trifocal IOL. However, the effect of binocular summation in terms of VA and the perception of photic phenomena still needs to be investigated.
Higher Rates of Head Contacts, Body Checking, and Suspected Injuries in Ringette Than Female Ice Hockey: Time to Ring in Opportunities for Prevention
Authors: Heming Emily E. , Sobry Alexandra J. , Cairo Alexis L. , Williamson Rylen A. , Kolstad Ash T. , West Stephen W. , Goulet Claude , Russell Kelly , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
Ringette and female ice hockey are high participation sports in Canada. Despite policies disallowing body checking, both sports have high injury and concussion rates. This study aimed to compare physical contact (PC), head contact (HC), and suspected injury and concussion incidence rates (IRs) in female varsity ringette and ice hockey.

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Setting:
Canadian ice arenas.

Participants:
Eighteen Canadian female university ringette and ice hockey tournament/playoff games in the 2018-2019/2019-2020 seasons.

Assessment of Risk Factors:
Game video-recordings were analyzed using Dartfish video-analysis software to compare both sports.

Main Outcome Measures:
Univariate Poisson regression analyses (adjusted for cluster by team, offset by game-minutes) were used to estimate PC, HC, and suspected injury IRs and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to compare rates across sports. Proportions of body checks (level 4-5 trunk PC) and direct HC (HC1) penalized were reported.

Results:
Analyses of 36 team-games (n = 18 ringette, n = 18 hockey) revealed a 19% lower rate of PCs in ringette than ice hockey {IRR = 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73-0.90]}, but a 98% higher rate of body checking [IRR = 1.98 (95% CI, 1.27-3.09)] compared to ice hockey. Ringette had a 40% higher rate of all HC1s [IRR = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.00-1.96)] and a 3-fold higher rate of suspected injury [IRR = 3.11 (95% CI, 1.13-8.60)] than ice hockey. The proportion of penalized body checks and HC1s were low across sports.

Conclusions:
Body checking and HC1 rates were significantly higher in ringette compared to ice hockey, despite rules disallowing both, and very few were penalized. These findings will inform future injury prevention research in ringette and female ice hockey.
Impact of prior coronary artery bypass grafting on periprocedural and short-term outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Machanahalli Balakrishna Akshay , Ismayl Mahmoud , Palicherla Anirudh , Aboeata Ahmed , Goldsweig Andrew M. , Zhao David X. , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra 
Published: November 2022

Background
The effect of prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) on the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains incompletely characterized. In this meta-analysis, we investigated the impact of prior CABG on TAVR outcomes.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from inception to 24 July 2022, using the search terms ‘TAVR’, ‘CABG’, ‘peri-procedural complications’, and ‘mortality’. The major outcomes were peri-procedural complications, intraprocedural mortality, 30-day mortality, and 30-day cardiac mortality. We used random-effects models to aggregate data and to calculate pooled incidence and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Among 116 results from the systematic search, a total of 8 studies (5952 patients) were included. Compared to patients without previous CABG, patients with prior CABG undergoing TAVR were younger, predominantly male sex, had more comorbidities, higher rates of peri-procedural myocardial infarction (MI) [relative risk (RR) 1.93; 95% CI, 1.09–3.43; P = 0.03], but lower rates of stroke (RR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99; P = 0.04), major vascular complications (RR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51–0.95; P = 0.02), and major bleeding (RR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56–0.88; P = 0.002). There were no significant differences between the two cohorts in rates of pacemaker implantation, cardiac tamponade, acute kidney injury, intra-procedural mortality, 30-day mortality, and 30-day cardiac mortality.

Conclusion
Among patients undergoing TAVR, a history of prior CABG was not associated with an increased risk of periprocedural complications (except for acute MI) or short-term mortality compared to those without CABG.
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography–Derived Iodine Density and Spectral Attenuation Analysis for Differentiation of Inverted Papilloma and Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/Lymphoma
Authors: Tunlayadechanont Padcha , Tritanon Oranan , Chansakul Thanissara , Pureepatipat Supaporn 
Published: November 2022

Objective
This study aimed to assess the value of dual-energy computed tomography for differentiation of inverted papilloma from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)/lymphoma.

Methods
Twenty-eight patients with pathologically diagnosed inverted papilloma or SCC/lymphoma underwent contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography. Qualitative features (laterality, location, enhancement pattern, border, necrosis, hemorrhage, calcification, bone destruction, pterygopalatine fossa extension, adjacent invasion, and perineural spreading) and quantitative features (iodine density and spectral attenuation curve slope) were analyzed. Optimal cutoff thresholds of diagnostic efficacy were generated.

Results
Fifteen patients had inverted papilloma, and 13 had malignancy (5 SCC and 8 lymphoma). Computed tomography findings of bilateral lesions, sphenoid sinus involvement, pterygopalatine fossa extension, and adjacent invasion were significantly associated with SCC/lymphoma. The iodine density was significantly higher in SCC/lymphoma (2.46 ± 0.22 mg/mL) than in inverted papilloma (1.42 ± 0.46 mg/mL; P = 0.001). An iodine density threshold of 1.74 mg/mL had a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of 92.3%, 86.7%, 92.9%, 85.7%, and 90.3%, respectively. The spectral attenuation curve slope was significantly higher in SCC/lymphoma (4.35 ± 0.27 HU/keV) than in inverted papilloma (2.72 ± 0.88 HU/keV; P = 0.001). A spectral attenuation curve slope threshold of 3.34 HU/keV had a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of 92.3%, 86.7%, 92.9%, 85.7%, and 90.8%, respectively.

Conclusions
Squamous cell carcinoma/lymphoma had a significantly higher iodine density and spectral attenuation curve slope than inverted papilloma. Using optimal quantitative measurement thresholds provides high diagnostic efficacy.