bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excited State Dynamics of Methylated Guanosine Derivatives Revealed by Femtosecond Time‐resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Danhong , Wang Xueli , Jiang Yanrong , Cao Simin , Jin Peipei , Pan Haifeng , Sun Haitao , Sun Zhenrong , Chen Jinquan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMethylated DNA/RNA nucleobases are important epigenetic marks in living species and play an important role for targeted therapies. Moreover, methylation could bring significant changes to the photo‐stability of nucleic acid, leading these sites become mutational hotspots for disease such as skin cancer. While a number of studies have demonstrated the relationship between excited state dynamics and the biological function of methylated cytosine in DNA, investigations aimed at unraveling the excited state dynamics of methylated guanosine in RNA have been largely overlooked. In this work, influence of methylation on the excited state dynamics of guanosine is studied by using femtosecond time‐resolved spectroscopy. Our results suggest that the effect of methyl substitution on the photophysical properties of guanosine is position sensitive. N1‐methylguanosine shows very similar excited state dynamics as that in guanosine, while almost one order of magnitude longer lifetime of the La state is observed in N2, N2‐dimethylguanosine. Notably, N7‐methylation can lead to a new minimum on the La state and the excited state lifetime is two orders of magnitude longer than that of guanosine. These findings not only help understanding excited state dynamics of methylated guanosines, but also lay the foundation for further studying DNA/RNA strands incorporated with these bases.
Factors associated with inability to attend a follow‐up assessment, mortality, and institutionalization among community‐dwelling older people with cognitive impairment during a 5‐year period: evidence from community‐based participatory research
Authors: Okamura Tsuyoshi , Ura Chiaki , Sugiyama Mika , Inagaki Hiroki , Miyamae Fumiko , Edahiro Ayako , Taga Tsutomu , Tsuda Shuji , Nakayama Riko , Ito Kae , Awata Shuichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to explore factors associated with (i) the inability to attend a follow‐up assessment in the community‐based participatory research (CBPR) framework; (ii) mortality; and (iii) institutionalization, across a 5‐year period among older people with cognitive impairment identified via an epidemiological survey.MethodsThe participants were 198 older people whose score on the Mini‐Mental State Examination was below 24, and who were living in our CBPR region in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Baseline data included sociodemographic factors, health‐related factors, social factors, and assessments by healthcare professionals. Over the following 5 years we observed what happened to the subjects within the CBPR framework. Bivariate and stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with the inability to attend a follow‐up assessment, 5‐year mortality, and institutionalization.ResultsParticipants who did not attend a follow‐up assessment tended to live alone. Being older (>80), living with others, frailty, and the need for rights protection and daily living support were associated with increased mortality. Long‐term care insurance certification was strongly associated with institutionalization as a natural consequence of the health‐care system. Having dementia and low access to doctors were also positively associated with institutionalization.ConclusionsOlder people with cognitive impairment who are living alone are at higher risk of being overlooked by society. To move toward more inclusive communities, the following are recommended: (i) more interventions focusing on older people living alone; (ii) social interventions to detect daily life collapse or rights violations; and (iii) more support to help people with dementia continue living in the community.
Management of internal and external root resorption in primary teeth of a 3‐year‐old with myelomeningocele: A case report
Authors: Talekar Abhinav L. , Silotry Tayaba M. H. , Chaudhari Gayatri S. , Chunawala Yusuf K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMyelomeningocele (MMC) is a severe manifestation of spina bifida. Children with MMC have motor disability, hydrocephalus, skeletal abnormalities, and mental retardation. These individuals are more susceptible to caries due to poor oral hygiene, carbohydrate‐rich diet, prolonged use of sugar‐containing medications and limited motor abilities. Latex allergy is an important factor to be considered during the dental rehabilitation of such patients.Case ReportA 3‐year‐old girl visited the dental clinic with the chief complaint of multiple carious teeth and H/o neural tube defect (NTD) which had been operated on at the age of 6 weeks. On dental examination, multiple dental abscesses and severe early childhood caries were noted. Radiographic evaluation revealed internal root resorption of tooth “K” and external root resorption of tooth “T.” The two teeth were treated with ledermix paste followed by obturation with Vitapex® (Diadent Group International Inc., Burnaby, BC, Canada) along with triple antibiotic paste and placement of stainless steel crown (SSC). A latex‐free environment was maintained during the entire treatment to prevent allergic reaction. A follow up after 42 months indicated clinical and radiographical success.ConclusionThe paper reports succesfull management of internal and external root resorption as well as latex allergy in a dental operatory. The dental perspective while dealing with patients having NTD is limited. Explaining the particulars of the treatment plan will aid in management of such cases .
The impact of diarrhoea measurement methods for under 5s in low‐ and middle‐income countries on estimated diarrhoea rates at the population level: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of methodological and primary empirical studies
Authors: Rego Ryan , Watson Samuel , Gill Paramjit , Lilford Richard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe systematically reviewed all studies published between 2000 and June 2021 that estimated under 5 diarrhoea rates in low‐ and middle‐income countries and extracted data on diarrhoea rates, measurement methods and reactivity.MethodsWe summarised data from studies that performed direct comparisons of methods, and indirectly compared studies which utilised only one method using meta‐regression to determine the association between methods and estimated diarrhoea rates.ResultsIn total, 288 studies met our inclusion criteria: 4 direct comparisons and 284 studies utilising only one measurement method. Meta‐regression across all studies showed that diarrhoea rates were sensitive to method of measurement. We estimated that passive surveillance methods were associated with a 97% lower estimated rate than active surveillance (IRR = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.06]). Among active surveillance studies, a doubling of recall period was associated with a 48% lower rate (IRR = 0.52 [0.46, 0.60]), while decreased questioning frequency was associated with a higher estimated rate: at the extreme, one time questioning yielded an over 4× higher rate than daily questioning (IRR = 4.22 [2.73, 6.52]).ConclusionsEstimated diarrhoea rates are sensitive to their measurement methods. There is a need for a standardisation of diarrhoea measurement methods, and for the use of other outcomes in the measurement of population‐level gastrointestinal health.
Dynamic Analysis of Hip Prosthesis Using Different Biocompatible Alloys
Authors: Joshi Tanuj , Sharma Ravikant , Mittal Vinod Kumar , Gupta Vikas , Krishan Gopal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of the Charnley implant has been developed to analyze the stress–strain distribution and deformation over the stem prosthesis. Patient-specific dynamic forces have been considered for the analytical evaluation using commercial finite element code. The impact of each dynamic activity has been analyzed separately using six different biocompatible alloy materials made of titanium and cobalt-chromium. Mechanical parameters have been evaluated to envisage the longevity and functionality of the implant. The performance of different materials for each suitable gait pattern is analyzed using finite element code. Consequently, Cobalt chromium alloys (CoCrMo alloy) demonstrate better results, i.e., maximum stress, minimum deformation, and strain as compared with other materials. Every dynamic motion, viz., walking, standing up, sitting down, going upstairs, and going downstairs are found in good agreement with the safety factor for every biomaterial. Additionally, going downstairs and sitting down gait motion exhibits the maximum and minimum stress–strain level, respectively. Based on the outcome of the presurgical study, it is recommended that CoCrMo alloys should be preferred over other materials.
Generating Appropriate and Reliable Evidence for Value Assessment of Medical Devices: An ISPOR Medical Devices and Diagnostics Special Interest Group Report
Authors: Onwudiwe Nneka C. , Charter Richard , Gingles Bruce , Abrishami Payam , Alder Henry , Bahkai Ameet , Civic Diane , Kließ Melodi Kosaner , Lessard Chantale , Zema Carla L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Health technology assessment (HTA) methods have become an important health policy tool to assess value. Yet recommendations for what constitutes appropriate and reliable evidence and methodologies for assessment of medical devices are still debated because methods to evaluate pharmaceuticals are often, and incorrectly, the starting points for device assessments. The study aims to: (i) propose recommendations on appropriate methodologies to assess the evidence on medical devices, (ii) identify assessment methods that can be used to measure device value, and (iii) suggest key areas for future work. ISPOR's Medical Devices and Diagnostics Special Interest Group conducted a comprehensive search of databases and gray literature on evidence development and value assessment on medical devices. The literature search was supplemented with hand searching from high impact journals in the related field. The ten-person expert working group obtained written comments through multiple rounds of review from internal and external stakeholders. Recommendations were made to encourage and guide future research. Multicriteria decision analysis was identified as a useful approach to assess the value of treatment. Consideration should be given to resource-use measures; valid and reliable functional status questionnaires; and general and disease-specific, health-related, quality-of-life measures in economic evaluations of device use. For future work, best practices for value framework design should take into consideration those factors that influence the value of medical devices. Integration of value-based evidence data in an evidence-generation and -synthesis process is needed to support market access and adoption decisions. Methodological recommendations for measuring value can be challenging when the selection of domains and assessment of value are not device-specific.
Study the Effect of Acoustical Fuel Enhancement on the Flame Characteristics
Authors: Magdy Mahmoud , Kamal M. M. , Hamed Ashraf M. , Hussin Ahmed Eldein , Aboelsoud W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This work presents a 2D numerical simulation of the nonpremixed combustion of natural gas in an axisymmetric cylindrical chamber, focusing on the effect of adding acoustical excitation to inlet fuel velocity on temperature, exhaust pollutants, and combustion products velocity. Pulsation combustion generates vortices and enhances mixing, which in turn increases combustion efficiency and reduces emissions so it is used in many industrial applications like dryers and boilers. The turbulence is solved using detached eddy simulation model, which is a hybrid modeling between large eddy simulation and realizable k–e model. The chemical reactions are described by the eddy dissipation model. The radiative intensity transport equations are solved using P-1 radiation model. The numerical model achieved a great agreement with experimental data on temperature and species mass fraction. The main outcome of the work is the demonstration of a significant decrease in a volume of pulsed flame compared to a nonpulsed flame with 18% reduction in the flame length. Increasing the Strouhal number enhances the temperature homogenization along the combustion chamber and the flame does not concentrate in the chamber core and toward the chamber exhaust. Changing the fuel velocity from the stoichiometric ratio due to the fuel pulsation cools the chamber and reduces the average temperature from 2000 to 1750 K. There was a reduction in the mass fraction of carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide and soot by 50, 28, and 285%, respectively. Increasing fuel frequency increases maximum velocity by 66% axially and 14% radially.
The “death” of the Sevier-Laramide orogen: Gravitational collapse of the crust or something else?
Authors: Konstantinou* Alexandros 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The Basin and Range Province is considered to be one of the most iconic continental rift provinces that postdates a prolonged orogeny. Here, I present evidence that challenges all the assumptions that lead to the long-held notion that gravitational collapse of thickened (55–65-km-thick) continental crust was a major driver of Basin and Range extension. This study focused on integrating the regional tectonic and magmatic history of the northeastern region of the Basin and Range (centered on the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex) and combines insights from a compilation of data from metamorphic core complexes worldwide to illustrate the effect of accounting for the magmatic histories when estimating pre-extensional crustal thickness. In the region of the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, there is evidence of three Cenozoic extensional events and three coeval magmatic events. By taking into account the regional magmatic activity during the Cenozoic (Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary magmatism), and the inferred mantle-derived magmatic volume added to the crust during the process of extension, it is shown that the pre-extensional crustal thickness cannot have been more than ~53 km, and it was more likely close to ~46 km. This estimate is consistent with Eocene igneous geochemistry estimates of crustal thickness and with crustal thickness estimates from shortening of ~30-km-thick mid-Jurassic crust. During the Cenozoic evolution of the northeastern Basin and Range, the crust in the area of study thinned from ~46 km to ~32 km, and the elevation of the pre-extensional plateau collapsed from ~2.5 km to its present-day average of ~1.8 km.
This study concludes that an alternative mechanism to predominantly gravitational crustal collapse is required to explain the extension in the region of the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex. I support recent interpretations that this mechanism involved the complex interaction of the removal of the Farallon flat slab (by slab roll-back or delamination of the slab) with the impingement of the Snake River Plain–Yellowstone mantle anomaly. The switch in the stress regime from compression (during the slab subduction) to a complex regime during slab roll-back, followed by extension (in the middle Miocene), and the associated mantle-derived magmatism, led to the thinning of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, thermal weakening of the crust, and the thinning of the crust during the Cenozoic. This crustal extension is expressed as regional Basin and Range normal faulting and local vertical flow and exhumation of the mobilized middle crust at metamorphic core complexes like the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek complex.
Gender-based violence during COVID-19 among adolescent girls and young women in Nairobi, Kenya: a mixed-methods prospective study over 18 months
Authors: Decker Michele R , Bevilacqua Kristin , Wood Shannon N , Ngare Grace Wamue , Thiongo Mary , Byrne Meagan E , Williams Anaise , Devoto Bianca , Glass Nancy , Heise Lori , Gichangi Peter 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAdolescent girls and young women (AGYW) disproportionately experience gender-based violence (GBV), which can increase during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cohort of youth ages 15–24 in Nairobi, Kenya was surveyed at three time points over an 18-month period prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: June–August 2019 (prepandemic), August–October 2020 (12-month follow-up) and May 2021 (18-month follow-up). We characterise (1) prevalence, relative timing and help-seeking for leading forms of GBV, (2) GBV trajectories over 18 months and (3) associations of individual, dyad and COVID-related factors on GBV trajectories among AGYW (n=612) in Nairobi, Kenya. Virtual focus group discussions (n=12) and interviews (n=40) contextualise quantitative results.ResultsIntimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence hovered at 17% across time points (ever at pre-pandemic; past 12 months at 12-month follow-up (2020); past 6 months at 18-month follow-up (2021)); non-partner sexual violence (SV) was 3% at 12-month and 18-month follow-up. Overall, 27.6% of AGYW experienced IPV during the pandemic. IPV during the pandemic was associated with work as the primary pre-COVID activity, low social support and partner age difference >4 years. Among AGYW partnered at all three time points, 66.2% stayed IPV-free (no IPV), 9.2% saw IPV resolve by 18-month follow-up, while 11.1% had IPV start and 13.6% experienced intermittent IPV. Help-seeking for IPV and SV in 2020 (11.1% and 4.6%, respectively) increased to 21.7% and 15.1%, respectively, by 2021. Qualitative results speak to impacts of curfews, and pandemic-related financial stress in prompting conflict and threatening traditional gender roles, and underlying conditions that enable IPV.ConclusionThe persistence of IPV against AGYW in Nairobi prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic reflects endemic conditions and pandemic-specific stressors. Youth, including unmarried youth, remain a priority population for GBV prevention and survivor-centred response.
Clinical outcome of patients with mild pre-stroke morbidity following endovascular treatment: a HERMES substudy
Authors: McDonough Rosalie V , Ospel Johanna M , Majoie Charles B L M , Saver Jeffrey L , White Philip , Dippel Diederik W J , Brown Scott B , Demchuk Andrew M , Jovin Tudor G , Mitchell Peter J , Bracard Serge , Campbell Bruce C V , Muir Keith W , Hill Michael D , Guillemin Francis , Goyal Mayank 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAnalyses of the effect of pre-stroke functional levels on the outcome of endovascular therapy (EVT) have focused on the course of patients with moderate to substantial pre-stroke disability. The effect of complete freedom from pre-existing disability (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0) versus predominantly mild pre-existing disability/symptoms (mRS 1–2) has not been well delineated.MethodsThe HERMES meta-analysis pooled data from seven randomized trials that tested the efficacy of EVT. We tested for a multiplicative interaction effect of pre-stroke mRS on the relationship between treatment and outcomes. Ordinal regression was used to assess the association between EVT and 90-day mRS (primary outcome) in the subgroup of patients with pre-stroke mRS 1–2. Multivariable regression modeling was then used to test the effect of mild pre-stroke disability/symptoms on the primary and secondary outcomes (delta-mRS, mRS 0–2/5–6) compared with patients with pre-stroke mRS 0.ResultsWe included 1764 patients, of whom 199 (11.3%) had pre-stroke mRS 1–2. No interaction effect of pre-stroke mRS on the relationship between treatment and outcome was observed. Patients with pre-stroke mRS 1–2 had worse outcomes than those with pre-stroke mRS 0 (adjusted common OR (acOR) 0.53, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.70). Nonetheless, a significant benefit of EVT was observed within the mRS 1–2 subgroup (cOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.55).ConclusionsPatients asymptomatic/without disability prior to onset have better outcomes following EVT than patients with mild disability/symptoms. Patients with pre-stroke mRS 1–2, however, more often achieve good outcomes with EVT compared with conservative management. These findings indicate that mild pre-existing disability/symptoms influence patient prognosis after EVT but do not diminish the EVT treatment effect.
Rewiring Vascular Metabolism Prevents Sudden Death due to Aortic Ruptures—Brief Report
Authors: Oller Jorge , Gabandé-Rodríguez Enrique , Roldan-Montero Raquel , Ruiz-Rodríguez María Jesús , Redondo Juan Miguel , Martín-Ventura José Luís , Mittelbrunn María 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The goal of this study was to determine whether boosting mitochondrial respiration prevents the development of fatal aortic ruptures triggered by atherosclerosis and hypertension.

Methods:
Ang-II (angiotensin-II) was infused in ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)-deficient mice fed with a western diet to induce acute aortic aneurysms and lethal ruptures.

Results:
We found decreased mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells from murine and human aortic aneurysms. Boosting NAD levels with nicotinamide riboside reduced the development of aortic aneurysms and sudden death by aortic ruptures.

Conclusions:
Targetable vascular metabolism is a new clinical strategy to prevent fatal aortic ruptures and sudden death in patients with aortic aneurysms.
Effect of Platelet Inhibition by Cangrelor Among Obese Patients Undergoing Coronary Stenting: Insights From CHAMPION
Authors: Peterson Benjamin E. , Harrington Robert A. , Stone Gregg W. , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Gibson C. Michael , Hamm Christian W. , Price Matthew J. , Lopes Renato D. , Leonardi Sergio , Prats Jayne , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , White Harvey D. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
In randomized trials, cangrelor reduced periprocedural ischemic events related to percutaneous coronary intervention without increasing GUSTO severe bleeding. However, some antiplatelet agents have shown a differential treatment effect by body mass index (BMI).

Methods:
Patients from the 3 CHAMPION trials (Cangrelor Versus Standard Therapy to Achieve Optimal Management of Platelet Inhibition) who were randomized to cangrelor versus clopidogrel during percutaneous coronary intervention were stratified by BMI. The primary efficacy end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, or stent thrombosis within 48 hours. The principal safety outcome was GUSTO moderate or severe bleeding at 48 hours, although more sensitive bleeding measures such as Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major bleeding were also assessed. We examined obese patients (defined as BMI≥30) versus nonobese patients.

Results:

There were 24 893 patients, with 8979 (36.1%) having BMI of ≥30. There was no significant difference in the primary efficacy end point among obese versus nonobese patients (4.3% versus 4.2%; rate ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89–1.15];
P
=0.82). There was a consistent benefit in the primary efficacy end point in patients who received cangrelor versus placebo who were obese (3.9% versus 4.7%, rate ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.68–1.02];
P
=0.07) and not obese (3.8% versus 4.7%; rate ratio, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.69–0.94];
P
=0.0053); interaction
P
=0.77. There was no difference in GUSTO moderate or severe bleeding among patients who received cangrelor versus placebo who were obese (0.6% versus 0.6%; rate ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.58–1.67];
P
=0.96).

Conclusions:
Cangrelor at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention is effective and safe in obese and nonobese patients. There was no difference in short-term efficacy between obese and nonobese patients. Periprocedural cangrelor is an effective and safe antiplatelet agent, irrespective of BMI.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01156571, NCT00385138, NCT00305162.