bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Good Spirit, Good Life quality‐of‐life tool for older Aboriginal Australians
Authors: Gilchrist Lianne , Hyde Zoë , Petersen Carina , Douglas Harry , Hayden Shondell , Bessarab Dawn , Flicker Leon , LoGiudice Dina , Ratcliffe Julie , Clinch Christine , Taylor Kevin , Bradley Kate , Smith Kate 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveImproving the quality of life (QoL) of older people is a key priority for governments, clinicians, researchers and service providers worldwide. However, the lack of culturally appropriate QoL tools for First Nations people is a major barrier to such efforts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Good Spirit, Good Life (GSGL) QoL tool for older Aboriginal Australians.MethodsOne hundred and twenty older Aboriginal people living in Perth and Melbourne, Australia, were administered the GSGL tool, along with several other instruments assessing cognition (KICA‐Cog), depression (KICA‐Dep), anxiety (GAI‐SF), health and well‐being (EQ‐5D‐5L and ICECAP‐O) and resilience (ARRQ‐25). Associations between these instruments and the GSGL tool were explored to determine concurrent and known‐groups validity. Internal consistency was assessed with split‐half reliability and Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate construct validity.ResultsGSGL scores were positively correlated with ICECAP‐O and ARRQ‐25 scores, and negatively correlated with EQ‐5D‐5L score. GSGL scores differed significantly between participants with a probable anxiety disorder or depression, but not those with cognitive impairment. The Spearman–Brown prophecy estimate was 0.83 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.75. Principal component analysis identified two factors, which were labelled foundation and external.ConclusionsThe GSGL tool is a valid tool to assess quality of life in older Aboriginal Australians. The tool demonstrates acceptable convergent, concurrent and known‐groups validity. It was co‐designed at all stages with older Aboriginal people contributing to its strong face and content validity.
The precarious resilience of aged care employees enrolled in an Australian online dementia course: A cross‐sectional study of occupational health and well‐being
Authors: Elliott Kate‐Ellen J. , Stirling Christine M. , Johnstone Amber , Tierney Laura T. , Sanderson Kristy , Robinson Andrew L. , Scott Jennifer L. , Martin Angela J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveAustralian aged care workforce surveys offer limited information about those who engage in online dementia education regarding their occupational health and well‐being. A salutogenic approach was applied to an aged care context to quantitatively assess both positive and negative aspects of health at work to inform the development of workplace interventions tailored to those interested in self‐development.MethodsPhysical, psychological and occupational health were measured in an online cross‐sectional survey of general health, chronic conditions, psychological distress, positive and negative affect, job satisfaction, access to workplace amenities and turnover intentions of aged care workers undertaking an online dementia course in October 2014.ResultsParticipants (N = 662) rated their general physical health as good and a minority experienced chronic conditions such as obesity. Overall, workers had average levels of positive and negative affect and low distress. However, 25% were likely to have a mental health condition. While most were employed on a permanent basis (80%) and reported moderate job satisfaction, 18% were likely to leave their job. There were some gaps in workplace amenities to support health and well‐being: for example, 13% reported no access to lunch break areas.ConclusionsResults suggest precarious resilience in aged care workers enrolled in an Australian online dementia course. Workplace interventions that focus on preventative health strategies are required to address the health risks associated with higher than national averages of obesity and mental health, and reduce exposure of workers to physical and psychological harms.
Advances in the cellular immunological pathogenesis and related treatment of primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Gao Hongna , Gao Lingyun , Wang Wenjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose of reviewTo describe the immunological mechanism in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), summarize the alternations in humoral immunity and cellular immunity in patients with POI, and review some associated treatment methods based on these immunological changes.Recent findingsSymptoms of patients with POI are similar to that of menopause, such as amenorrhea, anovulation, early depletion of the ovarian reserve, decreased estrogen, and elevated follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Therefore, most previous research has focused on finding ovary‐related antibodies. In recent years, advances in the field of immunology have increased our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of POI, which includes changed levels of cytokines and immunological cells especially Tregs cells and Th17 cells. Based on these advances, many associatedtreatment methods including DHEA supplementation, Traditional Chinese Medicine, adoptive transfer of Treg cells and stem cell transplantation have become research hotspots.SummaryThis review focuses on the current literature regarding alterations in cellular immunity in patients with POI, as well as the role in the pathogenesis of POI, and summarizes treatment methods based on these immunological alternations, which have a great application potential in the clinical practice.
Allergen recognition by specific effector Th2 cells enables IL‐2‐dependent activation of regulatory T‐cell responses in humans
Authors: Lozano‐Ojalvo Daniel , Tyler Scott R. , Aranda Carlos J. , Wang Julie , Sicherer Scott , Sampson Hugh A. , Wood Robert A. , Burks A. Wesley , Jones Stacie M. , Leung Donald Y. M. , de Lafaille Maria Curotto , Berin M. Cecilia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractType 2 allergen‐specific T cells are essential for the induction and maintenance of allergies to foods, and Tregs specific for these allergens are assumed to be involved in their resolution. However, it has not been convincingly demonstrated whether allergen‐specific Treg responses are responsible for the generation of oral tolerance in humans. We observed that sustained food allergen exposure in the form of oral immunotherapy resulted in increased frequency of Tregs only in individuals with lasting clinical tolerance. We sought to identify regulatory components of the CD4+ T‐cell response to food allergens by studying their functional activation over time in vitro and in vivo. Two subsets of Tregs expressing CD137 or CD25/OX40 were identified with a delayed kinetics of activation compared with clonally enriched pathogenic effector Th2 cells. Treg activation was dependent on IL‐2 derived from effector T cells. In vivo exposure to peanut in the form of an oral food challenge of allergic subjects induced a delayed and persistent activation of Tregs after initiation of the allergen‐specific Th2 response. The novel finding of our work is that a sustained wave of Treg activation is induced by the release of IL‐2 from Th2 effector cells, with the implication that therapeutic administration of IL‐2 could improve current OIT approaches.
State‐of‐the‐art management of the acutely unwell child
Authors: McCahill C. , Laycock H. C. , Guris R. J. Daly , Chigaru L. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryChildren make up around one‐fifth of all emergency department visits in the USA and UK, with an increasing trend of emergency admissions requiring intensive care. Anaesthetists play a vital role in the management of paediatric emergencies contributing to stabilisation, emergency anaesthesia, transfers and non‐technical skills that optimise team performance. From neonates to adolescents, paediatric patients have diverse physiology and present with a range of congenital and acquired pathologies that often differ from the adult population. With increasing centralisation of paediatric services, staff outside these centres have less exposure to caring for children, yet are often the first responders in managing these high stakes situations. Staying abreast of the latest evidence for managing complex low frequency emergencies is a challenge. This review focuses on recent evidence and pertinent clinical updates within the field. The challenges of maintaining skills and training are explored as well as novel advancements in care.
People exposed to proton‐pump inhibitors shortly preceding COVID‐19 diagnosis are not at an increased risk of subsequent hospitalizations and mortality: A nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Kodvanj Ivan , Homolak Jan , Trkulja Vladimir 
Published: September 2022

AimsTo assess whether exposure to proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) shortly preceding COVID‐19 diagnosis affected the risk of subsequent hospitalizations and mortality.MethodsThis population‐based study embraced first COVID‐19 episodes in adults diagnosed up to 15 August 2021 in Croatia. Patients were classified based on exposure to PPIs and burden of PPI‐requiring morbidities as nonusers (no issued prescriptions, no recorded treatment‐requiring conditions between 1 January 2019 and COVID‐19 diagnosis), possible users (no issued prescriptions, but morbidities present; self‐medication possible) and users (≥1 prescription within 3 months prior to the COVID‐19 diagnosis; morbidities present). Subsets were mutually exactly matched for pre‐COVID‐19 characteristics. The contrast between users and possible users informed about the effect of PPIs that is separate of the effect of PPI‐requiring conditions.ResultsAmong 433 609 patients, users and possible users were matched 41 195 (of 55 098) to 17 334 (of 18 170) in the primary and 33 272 to 16 434 in the sensitivity analysis. There was no relevant difference between them regarding mortality (primary: relative risk [RR] = 0.93 [95% confidence interval 0.85–1.02; absolute risk difference [RD] = −0.34% [−0.73, 0.03]; sensitivity: RR = 0.88 [0.78–0.98]; RD = −0.45% [−0.80, −0.11]) or hospitalizations (primary: RR = 1.04 [0.97–1.13]; RD = 0.29% [−0.16, 0.73]; sensitivity: RR = 1.05 [0.97–1.15]; RD = 0.32% [−0.12, 0.75]). The risks of both were slightly higher in possible users or users than in nonusers (absolutely by ~0.4–1.6%) indicating the effect of PPI‐requiring morbidities.ConclusionPremorbid exposure to PPIs does not affect the risk of death or hospitalization in adult COVID‐19 patients, but PPI‐requiring morbidities seemingly slightly increase the risk of both.
Collateral rostral thalamic projections to prelimbic, infralimbic, anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices in the rat brain
Authors: Yanakieva Steliana , Mathiasen Mathias L. , Amin Eman , Nelson Andrew J. D. , O'Mara Shane M. , Aggleton John P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the functional properties of a cortical area partly reflect its thalamic inputs, the present study compared collateral projections arising from various rostral thalamic nuclei that terminate across prefrontal (including anterior cingulate) and retrosplenial areas in the rat brain. Two retrograde tracers, fast blue and cholera toxin B, were injected in pairs to different combinations of cortical areas. The research focused on the individual anterior thalamic nuclei, including the interanteromedial nucleus, nucleus reuniens and the laterodorsal nucleus. Of the principal anterior thalamic nuclei, only the anteromedial nucleus contained neurons reaching both the anterior cingulate cortex and adjacent cortical areas (prefrontal or retrosplenial), though the numbers were modest. For these same cortical pairings (medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate and anterior cingulate/retrosplenial), the interanteromedial nucleus and nucleus reuniens contained slightly higher proportions of bifurcating neurons (up to 11% of labelled cells). A contrasting picture was seen for collaterals reaching different areas within retrosplenial cortex. Here, the anterodorsal nucleus, typically provided the greatest proportion of bifurcating neurons (up to 15% of labelled cells). While individual neurons that terminate in different retrosplenial areas were also found in the other thalamic nuclei, they were infrequent. Consequently, these thalamo‐cortical projections predominantly arise from separate populations of neurons with discrete cortical termination zones, consistent with the transmission of segregated information and influence. Overall, two contrasting medial‐lateral patterns of collateral projections emerged, with more midline nuclei, for example, nucleus reuniens and the interoanteromedial nucleus innervating prefrontal areas, while more dorsal and lateral anterior thalamic collaterals innervated retrosplenial cortex.
Role of autoantibody levels as biomarkers in the management of patients with myasthenia gravis: A systematic review and expert appraisal
Authors: Meisel Andreas , Baggi Fulvio , Behin Anthony , Evoli Amelia , Kostera‐Pruszczyk Anna , Mantegazza Renato , Morales Raul Juntas , Punga Anna Rostedt , Sacconi Sabrina , Schroeter Michael , Verschuuren Jan , Crathorne Louise , Holmes Kris , Leite Maria‐Isabel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough myasthenia gravis (MG) is recognized as an immunoglobulin G autoantibody‐mediated disease, the relationship between autoantibody levels and disease activity in MG is unclear. We sought to evaluate this landscape through systematically assessing the evidence, testing the impact of predefined variables on any relationship, and augmenting with expert opinion.MethodsIn October 2020, a forum of leading clinicians and researchers in neurology from across Europe (Expert Forum for Rare Autoantibodies in Neurology in Myasthenia Gravis) participated in a series of virtual meetings that took place alongside the conduct of a systematic literature review (SLR).ResultsForty‐two studies were identified meeting inclusion criteria. Of these, 10 reported some correlation between a patient's autoantibody level and disease severity. Generally, decreased autoantibody levels (acetylcholine receptor, muscle‐specific kinase, and titin) were positively and significantly correlated with improvements in disease severity (Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score, Myasthenia Gravis Composite score, Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living score, Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classification). Given the limited evidence, testing the impact of predefined variables was not feasible.ConclusionsThis first SLR to assess whether a correlation exists between autoantibody levels and disease activity in patients with MG has indicated a potential positive correlation, which could have clinical implications in guiding treatment decisions. However, in light of the limited and variable evidence, we cannot currently recommend routine clinical use of autoantibody level testing in this context. For now, patient's characteristics, clinical disease course, and laboratory data (e.g., autoantibody status, thymus histology) should inform management, alongside patient‐reported outcomes. We highlight the need for future studies to reach more definitive conclusions on this relationship.
Antidiabetic omarigliptin dilates rabbit aorta by activating voltage‐dependent K+ channels and the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase pump
Authors: Heo Ryeon , Kang Minji , Mun Seo‐Yeong , Park Minju , Han Eun‐Taek , Han Jin‐Hee , Chun Wanjoo , Park Hongzoo , Jung Won‐Kyo , Choi Il‐Whan , Park Won Sun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigated the vasodilatory effect of omarigliptin, an oral antidiabetic drug in the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor class, and its related mechanisms using phenylephrine (Phe)‐induced pre‐contracted aortic rings. Omarigliptin dilated aortic rings pre‐constricted with Phe in a dose‐dependent manner. Pretreatment with the voltage‐dependent K+ channel inhibitor 4‐aminopyridine significantly attenuated the vasodilatory effect of omarigliptin, whereas pretreatment with the inwardly rectifying K+ channel inhibitor Ba2+, ATP‐sensitive K+ channel inhibitor glibenclamide, and large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel inhibitor paxilline did not alter its vasodilation. Pretreatment with the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) pump inhibitors thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid significantly reduced the vasodilatory effect of omarigliptin. Neither cAMP/PKA‐related signaling pathway inhibitors nor cGMP/PKG‐related signaling pathway inhibitors modulated the vasodilatory effect of omarigliptin. Removal of endothelium did not diminish the vasodilatory effect of omarigliptin. Furthermore, pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L‐NAME or small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel inhibitor apamin, together with the intermediate‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel inhibitor TRAM‐34, did not influence the vasodilatory effect of omarigliptin. In conclusion, omarigliptin induced vasodilation in rabbit aortic smooth muscle by activating voltage‐dependent K+ channels and the SERCA pump independently of other K+ channels, cAMP/PKA‐ and cGMP/PKG‐related signaling pathways, and the endothelium.
Garfield, SLA gold medalist: Examining the investments of an exceptional US language learner/hyperpolyglot
Authors: Anderson Roger W. 
Published: September 2022

The ChallengeWhat inspires a man to study 65 languages? Hyperpolyglots are mysteries, but do they hold insights for our understanding and practice of second language education? A veteran, US intelligence officer, and now an adjunct instructor, Garfield has seemingly done it all with the language skills he acquired. His story of resilience will inspire learners and instructors.
Exploring the secondary mineral products generated by microbial iron respiration in Archean ocean simulations
Authors: Nims Christine , Johnson Jena E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMarine chemical sedimentary deposits known as Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) archive Archean ocean chemistry and, potentially, signs of ancient microbial life. BIFs contain a diversity of iron‐ and silica‐rich minerals in disequilibrium, and thus many interpretations of these phases suggest they formed secondarily during early diagenetic processes. One such hypothesis posits that the early diagenetic microbial respiration of primary iron(III) oxides in BIFs resulted in the formation of other iron phases, including the iron‐rich silicates, carbonates, and magnetite common in BIF assemblages. Here, we simulated this proposed pathway in laboratory incubations combining a model dissimilatory iron‐reducing (DIR) bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens CN32, and the ferric oxyhydroxide mineral ferrihydrite under conditions mimicking the predicted Archean seawater geochemistry. We assessed the impact of dissolved silica, calcium, and magnesium on the bioreduced precipitates. After harvesting the solid products from these experiments, we analyzed the reduced mineral phases using Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, powder x‐ray diffraction, and spectrophotometric techniques to identify mineral precipitates and track the bulk distributions of Fe(II) and Fe(III). These techniques detected a diverse range of calcium carbonate morphologies and polymorphism in incubations with calcium, as well as secondary ferric oxide phases like goethite in silica‐free experiments. We also identified aggregates of curling, iron‐ and silica‐rich amorphous precipitates in all incubations amended with silica. Although ferric oxides persist even in our electron acceptor‐limited incubations, our observations indicate that microbial iron reduction of ferrihydrite is a viable pathway for the formation of early iron silicate phases. This finding allows us to draw parallels between our experimental proto‐silicates and the recently characterized iron silicate nanoinclusions in BIF chert deposits, suggesting that early iron silicates could possibly be signatures of iron‐reducing metabolisms on early Earth.
Comparison of platelet count results on the Sysmex XN between citrate or MgSO4 and K2 EDTA anticoagulants
Authors: Soulard Michel , Croix Pascale , Cohen Patrick 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study performed on Sysmex XN is to compare platelet values on citrate and MgSO4 (TBX) in patients with K2EDTA‐induced platelet clusters and to identify platelet biases of these matrices compared to K2EDTA.MethodsSixty patients with K2EDTA‐induced platelet clusters were re‐sampled with K2EDTA, citrate and TBX. Platelet results were then compared, and smears were analysed for clumping. Platelet results from 120 patients without K2EDTA‐induced platelet clusters were compared between K2 EDTA, citrate, and MgSO4 with impedance and fluorescence modes. Biases from regressions were analysed.ResultsOut of the 60 patients with K2EDTA‐induced platelet clusters, none showed platelet clusters with MgSO4 whereas 50% still showed clusters with citrate. Among those without platelet clusters on citrate, the mean relative difference between (citrate‐ MgSO4)/MgSO4 was −12.7% in impedance and −9.8% in fluorescence. Among the 120 patients without K2EDTA‐induced platelet clusters, in fluorescence the mean relative bias with respect to K2EDTA was −2.06% for MgSO4 and −10.3% for Citrate. For the MgSO4 versus K2 EDTA regressions, the maximum absolute values of the 95% CI of the relative biases at 150 × 109/L (5.45%) and 450 × 109/L (3.56%) were below the desirable analytical objectives of the EFLM.ConclusionIn patients with K2EDTA‐induced platelet clusters, MgSO4 is preferable to citrate. MgSO4 provides a bias with XN in fluorescence when compared to EDTA which is within analytical tolerance.
Enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield of Ce3+‐doped aluminum–silicate glasses for scintillation application
Authors: Wu Tao , Hua Zhehao , Tang Gao , Ban Huiyun , Cai Hua , Han Jifeng , Liu Hui , Liu Shan , Qian Sen , Qin Laishun , Ren Jing , Sun Xilei , Sun Xin‐Yuan , Wen Yufeng , Zhu Yao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCe3+‐doped 20Gd2O3–20Al2O3–60SiO2 (GAS:xCe3+) glasses (x = 0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 1.5, 1.9 mol%) with Si3N4 as a reducing agent were prepared. The density of the glasses is around 4.2 g/cm3. With the increase in the Ce3+ concentration, both the photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation peaks of GAS:xCe3+ glasses show a redshift because the 4f–5d energy levels of Ce3+ ions are narrowed. PL quantum yield and PL decay time of GAS:xCe3+ glasses are 28.32–50.59% and 43–64 ns, respectively. In addition, they both first increases and then decreases with the Ce3+ concentration increasing, reached the maximum when x = 1.1 mol%. The integrated X‐ray excited luminescence (XEL) intensity of the GAS:1.1Ce3+ glass is 23.86% of that of Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal, and the light yield reaches 1200 ph/MeV with an energy resolution of 22.98% at 662 keV when exposed to γ‐rays. The PL and XEL thermal activation energies of GAS:xCe3+ glasses are independent of Ce3+ ions concentration. Scintillating decay time of the glasses exhibits two components consisting of nanosecond and microsecond levels, and the scintillating decay time gradually decreases with the Ce3+ concentration increasing. The difference between PL and scintillating decay time is discussed regarding the different luminescent mechanisms.