bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A duplex nested RT-PCR method for monitoring porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine delta-coronavirus
Authors: Li Chunqi , Hu Liqun , Liu Guoping , Wang Yan , Li Tong , Chen Shaoxian , Yang Xiaolin , Guo Liwei , Ma Lixin , Zeng Jianguo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
· Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine delta-coronavirus (PDCoV) are economically important pathogens that cause diarrhea in sows and acute death of newborn piglets. Moreover, the emerging porcine delta-coronavirus was reported to infect children. The current situation is that vaccine prevention has not met expectations, and emergency containment strategies following outbreaks cannot prevent the damages and losses already incurred. Therefore, a more sensitive detection method, that is both convenient and enables accurate and effective sequencing, that will provide early warning of PEDV and PDCoV is necessary. This will enable active, effective, and comprehensive prevention and control, which will possibly reduce disease occurrences.· Results: Duplex nested RT-PCR (dnRT-PCR) is an ideal method to achieve early warning and monitoring of PEDV and PDCoV diseases, and to additionally identify any molecular epidemiological characteristics. In this study, two pairs of primers were designed for each virus based upon the highly conserved N protein sequences of both PEDV and PDCoV retrieved from the NCBI Genbank PEDV and PDCoV entries. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the dnRT-PCR assay amplified a 749-bp fragment specific to PEDV and a 344-bp fragment specific to PDCoV. Meanwhile, the specificity and sensitivity of the primers and clinical samples were tested to verify and establish this dnRT-PCR method. The limit of detection (LoD)for both PEDV and PDCoV was 10 copies/ml. The results showed that among 251 samples, 1 sample contained PEDV infection only, 19 samples contained a PDCoV infection, and 8 samples were infected with both viruses, following the use of dnRT-PCR. Thereafter, the positive samples were sent for sequencing, and the sequencing results confirmed that they were all positive for the viruses detected using dnRT-PCR, and conventional RT-PCR detection was conducted again after the onset of disease. As these results were consistent with previous results, a detection method for PEDV and PDCoV using dnRT-PCR was successfully established. In conclusion, the dnRT-PCR method established in this study was able to detect both PEDV and PDCoV, concomitantly.· Conclusions: The duplex nested RT-PCR method represents a convenient, reliable, specific, sensitive and anti-interference technique for detecting PEDV and PDCoV, and can additionally be used to simultaneously determine the molecular epidemiological background.
How can I improve the skills of writing balanced chemical equations using chemical symbols and formulas for 2nd year 10 integrated natural science extension trainees? The case of Woldia College of Teachers Education
Authors: Yideg Tilahun Mengistie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to improve writing skills of balanced chemical equations using chemical symbols of elements and formulas for ten 2nd Year integrated Natural Science extension trainees. Participants were selected using a purpose sampling method. The tools used in data collection were observation, document analysis, questionnaire, test, and interview. The data collected by these tools were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative analysis methods according to their characteristics. According to this study, the participants had very little understanding of the symbolic language, which is very important for learning chemistry. Therefore, to solve this problem and to fill the gaps, the researcher had to set special tutorial and counseling programs to improve their skills. After the plan was implemented, all the study participants' skills in chemical symbol identification, writing formulas, and balanced chemical equation improved except for one trainee.
Use of prohydrojasmon to suppress Frankliniella occidentalis and tomato spotted wilt virus in chrysanthemums
Authors: Matsuura Shohei , Takehara Yushi , Sakurai Tamito 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We evaluated the suppressive effect of prohydrojasmon (PDJ) on Frankliniella occidentalis and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in chrysanthemums under semi-commercial conditions. Overhead sprinkling of plants with PDJ did not suppress initial colonization by released adult thrips. However, it significantly reduced subsequent feeding damage on leaves and reproduction of larval offspring. Rates of 1 and 2 L/m2 0.8 mM PDJ equally suppressed F. occidentalis and feeding damage without phytotoxic effect on chrysanthemums, although 3 L/m2 reduced plant growth. The PDJ had a residual effect of at least 8 days. Weekly applications suppressed the occurrence of TSWV transmitted by viruliferous adults dispersed from infection-source plants to a degree consistent with that of feeding damage, so PDJ might inhibit primary infection via disruption of feeding behavior. All our findings suggest that PDJ may offer a powerful option for the control of F. occidentalis and Orthotospovirus diseases transmitted by it in chrysanthemum greenhouses.
What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic era 2020 on JSSK-JANANI-SHISHU SURAKSHA KARYAKRAM (mother-child protection program) services utilization in India – A cross-sectional comparative research study?
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In India due to the elevated fertility rate and vast population (globally next to china) mother (Janani) and child (Shishu) protection programs (Suraksha Karyakaram) are quite significant for public healthcare provision systems, especially in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic era during which most of the necessary pregnancy and infant care protective health services utilization are disrupted. The Government of India started JSSK (Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram) on 1st June 2011 for the benefit of millions of pregnant women (PW) and infants utilizing Government (public) health facilities across all the States and UTs (union territories) of India. The Government JSSK scheme provides various free entitlements and services to PW and infants. This may improve maternal and child health services utilization at public health facilities which can reduce MMR (maternal mortality rate) and IMR (infant mortality rate) in the country. The ongoing COVID 19 pandemic era has disrupted several routine health services utilization in India due to lockdowns etc particularly RCH (reproductive and child health) healthcare services which made a situation of rethinking necessary to take necessary steps in the healthcare system's current scenario to prioritize the services according to need and urgency as well as to construct a robust plan to ensure public health services utilization amidst pandemic or any disasters. This research study was done to provide reference to the scientific community and decision-makers with concrete data analysis from accredited HMIS (Health Management Information system) source (Government of India- MoHFW (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare)) to find out the COVID-19 impact on JSSK services utilization by the PW and sick infants of India attending public healthcare facilities across 36 states and UTs of India. This research study was public health facility-based, retrospective, mixed, cross-sectional study that was conducted for infants and pregnant women who utilized the available free services under JSSK in the public health facilities across 36 states and UTs of India from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020. The first COVID-19 patient in India was confirmed on the 27th of January 2020. Hence for this research study, the year before 2020 i.e. 2018, and 2019 were considered as the pre-pandemic period and the year 2020 was considered as the pandemic period. This research study revealed that there is an increase in almost all JSSK service utilization at public health facilities in India compared to the pre-pandemic era on a cumulative all India basis.
Towards hybrid artificial neural network model in predicting long term total healthcare expenditure in Rwanda
Authors: Uwimana Annie , Hategekimana Isaac , Nzabanita Joseph , Habarugira Venant , Shuguang Zhang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For a sustainable Healthcare expenditure policy, it is important to have accurate forecasts to avoid any sort of uncertainty about the rise in Healthcare expenditures. The Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) models have got attention and have been the preferred model to forecast Healthcare expenditures for decades. However, it has been found that each of the two models has weaknesses in capturing linear and nonlinear relationships in data. It is with this background that, we proposed a hybrid model, which differs in combining the advantages of Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average and Artificial Neural Networks. The hybrid model was tested on sets of Rwanda total Healthcare expenditure actual data, and the empirical results of the forecasted values in 2027 are 552,881.33 million Rwandan francs. Our results showed the effectiveness of the hybrid model which has a higher prediction accuracy as compared to the existing models. For policymakers to better plan for future resources and estimate the amount of the budget allocated to Healthcare, there is a need of accurate estimation of Healthcare expenditure as it impact government policy and planning.
The Prediction of Diabetes
Authors: Massaro Alessandro , Magaletti Nicola , Cosoli Gabriele , Giardinelli Vito , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The following article presents an analysis of the determinants of diabetes using a dataset containing the surveys of 2000 patients from the Frankfurt Hospital in Germany. The data were analyzed using the following models, namely: Tobit, Probit, Logit, Multinomial Logit, OLS, WLS with heteroskedasticity. The results show that the presence of diabetes is positively associated with "Pregnancies", "Glucose", "BMI", "Diabetes Pedigree Function", "Age" and negatively associated with "Blood Pressure". A cluster analysis is realized using the fuzzy c-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow method and three clusters were found. Finally a confrontation among eight different machine learning algorithms is realized to select the best performing algorithm to predict the probability of patients to develop diabetes.
Long-term spatiotemporal patterns and trends in water quality reveal a coastal continuum of disturbance legacies
Authors: Julian Paul , Fourqurean Jim , Davis Stephan , Surratt Donatto , Gaiser Evelyn R , Kominoski John S , Troxler Tiffany G , Boyer Joseph N , Thomas Serge , Briceño Henry O , Madden Chris , Montes Enrique , Kelble Chris 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Long-term ecological research is revealing a strong role of disturbance legacies in biogeochemical dynamics in ecosystems. In this study, we examined changes in dissolved and total inorganic nutrients, organic carbon, and chlorophyll-a concentrations across a large freshwater-to-marine aquatic continuum. We hypothesized that the rate of change in water quality would be greatest in the coastal ecotone where disturbances interact to drive nutrient cycling. Using trend analyses on multi-decadal data collected from 461 locations from the southern Everglades to the Florida Keys, USA. Observed trends of total organic carbon decreased throughout the study area and was the only parameter with a systematic trend throughout the study area. Results of this study demonstrate spatial variability across a large spatial and temporal extent associated with changes in biogeochemical indicators and water quality conditions. Chemical and biological responses to disturbance determine the distribution of nutrients and signals of productivity changes across coastal gradients. Scientific Significance Statement Disturbances such as hurricanes, wildfires, sea-level rise, and eutrophication can change water quality conditions in fresh and marine waters. While it is difficult to attribute specific changes to specific disturbances, the cumulative effect and interaction of disturbances result in the water quality we experience. Numerous studies have been conducted at small and moderate scales evaluating changes in water quality conditions relative to disturbance events across the Everglades and southern Florida. Here we compared long-term changes in water quality over a wide spatial extent ranging from the freshwater Everglades to the reefs of the Florida Keys. Our study demonstrates spatial variability across a large spatial and temporal extent associated with changes in water quality conditions relative to disturbance events.
Rapid Evidence Assessment on Women’s Empowerment Interventions within the Food System: a meta-analysis
Authors: Berretta Miriam , Kupfer Meital , Lane Charlotte , Shisler Shannon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundWomen’s empowerment interventions represent a key opportunity to improve nutrition-related outcomes. Still, cross-contextual evidence on the factors that cause poorer nutrition outcomes for women and girls and how women’s empowerment can improve nutrition outcomes is scant.The objective was to rapidly synthesise the available evidence regarding the impacts of interventions that attempt to empower women and/or girls to access, participate in and take control of components of the food system. MethodologyWe considered outcomes related to food security; food affordability and availability; dietary quality and adequacy; anthropometrics; iron, zinc, vitamin A, and iodine status; and measures of wellbeing. We also sought to understand factors affecting implementation and sustainability, including equity. We conducted a rapid evidence assessment, based on the systematic literature search of key academic databases and grey literature sources performed for the regular maintenance of the living Food System and Nutrition Evidence Gap Map. Impact evaluations and systematic reviews of impact evaluations that considered the women’s empowerment interventions in food systems and food security and nutrition outcomes were eligible for inclusion. We conducted an additional search for supplementary, contextual, qualitative data related to included studies. ConclusionOverall, women’s empowerment interventions improve nutrition-related outcomes, with the largest effects on food security and food affordability and availability. Diet quality and adequacy, anthropometrics, and well-being effects were smaller. Due to the limited number of included studies for anthropometric and well-being outcomes, these effects are inconclusive. Insights from the qualitative evidence suggest that women’s empowerment interventions best influenced nutritional outcomes when addressing characteristics of gender-transformative approaches, such as considering gender and social norms. Policy-makers should consider improving women’s social capital so they can better control and decide how to feed their families. Qualitative evidence suggests that multi-component interventions seem to be more sustainable than single-focus interventions, in particular combining a livelihoods component with behavioural change communication. Researchers should consider issues with inconsistent data and reporting, particularly relating to seasonal changes, social norms and time taken between rounds of data collection. Future studies on gender-transformative approaches should carefully considering contextual norms and avoiding stereotyping women into pre-decided roles which may perpetuate social norms.
Performance evaluation and enhancement of composite cold recycled mixture based on vibration mixing
Authors: Jiang Wenpeng , Zhou Haonan , Chen Fei 
Published: June 2022

Composite cold recycled mixture is commonly used in pavement regeneration. The performance of it, including the unconfined compressive strength, splitting strength, dry shrinkage, temperature shrinkage and freeze-thaw resistance, are studied based on vibration mixing with different blending ratios of asphalt surface and cement-stabilized base. The results show that vibration mixing can effectively improve the mixing uniformity of the recycled mixture and increase the strength by up to 30 %. Besides, the change of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) admixture will affect the mechanical performance and road performance of the recycled mixture. When the admixture of RAP material is 30 %, the strength is the highest, and when the admixture is 40%, the dry shrinkage is the smallest. The temperature shrinkage coefficient decreases with the increase of RAP material admixture, and the freeze-thaw resistance is enhanced with the increase of RAP material admixture.
Design and accuracy test of equatorial moment of inertia test equipment for projectile and rocket
Authors: Wang Shukun , Mao Jinpeng , Li Junye , Sun Liwei , Zhao Weihong , Shang Chunmin 
Published: June 2022

The moment of inertia is an important mass characteristic parameter. The precise measurement of the moment of inertia is a necessary step to study and control the flight orbit and attitude of missiles. To measure the equatorial moment of inertia of large projectiles, this paper uses the torsion pendulum method to measure the equatorial moment of inertia of large projectiles and deeply analyzes the measurement principle. The causes of measurement error are analyzed, and the measurement accuracy of the equipment is verified by experiments. The maximum relative error is less than 1 %, and the relative uncertainty is 1.3926 %, which meets the requirements of expected technical indicators.
Prognostic and Immunological Significance of Rhomboid Domain Containing
Protein 1 in Multiple Primary Cancers
Authors: Zhao Dongbing , Wang Tongbo , Zhang Xiaojie , Liu Wenjie , Sun Chongyuan , Li Zefeng 
Published: June 2022

Background:
RHBDD1 is an intramembrane serine protease of the rhomboid superfamily
that regulates diverse physiological and pathological processes. However, the relationship between
RHBDD1 expression, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), and cancer prognosis remains
unclear.

Objective:
We comprehensively analyzed the prognostic and immunological significance of
RHBDD1 in multiple primary cancers.

Methods:
RHBDD1 expression was investigated using Oncomine, TIMER, and UALCAN databases,
after which the clinical prognostic value of RHBDD1 was assessed with online public databases.
In addition, we explored the correlation between RHBDD1 and TIICs by TIMER and GEPIA
and investigated the relationship between RHBDD1 expression and chemokines in cancers by
TIMER.

Results:
In general, compared to that in adjacent normal tissue, lower expression of RHBDD1 was
found in various cancers and was correlated to pathological stages. Although RHBDD1 showed a
protective effect on multiple solid tumors, a high expression level of RHBDD1 was detrimental to
the survival of stomach adenocarcinoma patients. RHBDD1 was positively correlated to immune
infiltration levels in various cancers, including lung, breast, ovarian, and gastric cancer. Furthermore,
gene markers of TIICs, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), dendritic cells
(DCs), and regulatory T cells, were also correlated to RHBDD1 expression. In addition, the
RHBDD1 expression level was positively correlated to multiple chemokines in cancers, which
could recruit diverse immune cells at the tumor site.

Conclusions:
RHBDD1, which correlates with immune infiltration, can be used as a potential
prognostic biomarker in multiple primary cancers. Specifically, RHBDD1 expression potentially
contributes to the recruitment of TAMs and DCs and the regulation of T cell functions in cancers.
Chitosan: Applications in Drug Delivery System
Authors: Pandey Ramendra Pati , Kumar Suresh , Dhiman Ruby , Prudencio Carlos R. , da Costa Antonio Charlys , Vibhuti Arpana , Leal Elcio , Chang Chung-Ming , Raj Vethakkani Samuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Chitin and chitosan have unique structures with significant functional groups carrying useful chemical capabilities. Chitin and chitosan are acknowledged as novel biomaterials with advantageous biocompatibility and biodegradability. Chitosan is a polysaccharide that is made from chitin. There have been several attempts to employ this biopolymer in the biomedical area. This material's application in the production of artificial skin, drug targeting, and other areas is explored. The most prevalent strategies for recovering chitin from sea organisms are described and various pharmacological and biological uses are discussed. This review article targets drug delivery with the help of chitosan derived nanomaterial. The drug delivery system applications through nonmaterial have encountered a considerable role in the pharmaceutical, medical, biological, and other sectors in recent years. Nanomaterials have advanced applications as novel drug delivery systems in many fields, especially in industry, biology, and medicine. In the biomedical and pharmaceutical arena, the natural polymer-based nanoparticulate method has now been widely studied as particulate vehicles. By mixing alginate with other biopolymers, by immobilizing specific molecules such as sugar molecules and peptides by chemical or physical cross-linking, different properties and structures such as biodegradability, gelling properties, mechanical strength, and cell affinity can be obtained. Owing to their inherent ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules, increase stability, decrease toxicity, and enhance commonly formulated medications, these particles are now widely used in imaging and molecular diagnostics, cosmetics, household chemicals, sunscreens, radiation safety, and novel drug delivery.
Localized Nano-mediated Interleukin-12 Gene Therapy: Promising
Candidate for Cancer Immunotherapeutics
Authors: Singh Moganavelli , Venkatas Jeaneen 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has a pleiotropic nature that allows it to induce immune
responses while reversing tumour-induced immunosuppression. Therefore, this paper discusses the application
and potential of IL-12 as an antitumor immunotherapeutic agent, emphasizing its advantages
and limitations and the need for and the development of localized IL-12 nano-delivery strategies in cancer
immunotherapy.

Methods:
Several databases from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, WorldCat.org and
the National Library of Medicine were searched for peer-reviewed studies to assess the potential of localized
nano-mediated interleukin-12 gene therapy for cancer treatment.

Results:
The literature search showed that IL-12 is a promising cancer immunotherapeutic agent.
However, the systemic delivery of IL-12 was compromised by severe dose-limiting side effects, prompting
the need for localized gene therapy to express the interleukin within the tumour microenvironment
while minimizing systematic exposure. Although viral and non-viral gene therapy have demonstrated
some efficacy in preclinical trials, the era of nanomedicine has opened novel avenues to improve therapeutic
indices with minimal side effects. IL-12 activity can be further potentiated with other anticancer
molecules that display immunostimulatory, autoantigenic and cytotoxic properties. Combination therapy
has gained significant interest in the last decade as it increases gene therapy's therapeutic properties by
decreasing the threshold for IL-12 efficacy and preventing systematic toxicity.

Conclusion:
The findings of this article will provide researchers with the knowledge to create immunotherapeutic
nanovectors which work synergistically with their therapeutic payload to enhance the therapeutic
effect of the IL-12 gene to eliminate cancer cells.