bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic And Clinical Parameters Are Comparable Across Different Types of Pediatric Feeding Disorders
Authors: Galai Tut , Friedman Gal , Moses Michal , Shemer Kim , Gal Dana L , Yerushalmy-Feler Anat , Lubetzky Ronit , Cohen Shlomi , Moran-Lev Hadar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Knowledge and understanding of risk mechanisms associated with pediatric feeding disorders (PFD) remain limited. We aimed to investigate causative factors associated with PFD and their relation to specific PFD types according to the recent consensus WHO-based definition. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with PFD and retrieved their demographic and clinical characteristics. Healthy age- and sex-matched children served as controls. Results: Included were 254 children with PFD [median (interquartile range) age 16.4 (9.5-33) months at diagnosis] and 108 children in the control group [median age 24.85 (14.5-28.5) months]. According to the WHO-based definition, disturbances in oral intake were predominantly related to nutritional dysfunction in 118 (46.6%), feeding skill dysfunction in 83 (32.3%), medical conditions in 42 (16.7%) and psychosocial dysfunction in 11 (4.4%). In multivariate analysis, children with PFD had a higher risk for lower socioeconomic background (P<0.01) and low birth weight (26.8% compared to 7.4% ,P<0.001). Moreover, significantly fewer children in the PFD group were breastfed (75% versus 89%, P=0.003). There were no significant differences in any of those variables between PFD types. Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status, lack of breastfeeding, and low birth weight were significantly more frequent in children with PFD. PDF manifest as multiple dysfunctions, thus highlighting the need to offer these children and their families multidisciplinary care.
The Microstructure and the Wear Performance of High Carbon Ferrochrome Fecrv15 and Fecrv15+cr Manufacture Through Laser Additive Manufacturing on Steel Baseplate for Tillage Application
Authors: Aramide Basiru Philip , Sadiku Rotimi E , Popoola Patricia A , Pityana Sisa L , Jamiru Tamba 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The enhancement of wear performance of steel baseplate for tillage application was carried out by manufacturing vanadium-chromium carbide coatings in situ by powder infusion of high carbon ferrochrome FeCrV15 powder through laser additive manufacturing. The developed samples were subjected to various microstructural investigations, microhardness and wear tests. The effect of extra chromium addition was also investigated on the developed coatings’ microstructure, hardness and wear performance. It was observed that the extra chromium addition increased the austenitic iron formation, reduced the concentration of the precipitated carbides and resulted in a much bigger grain formation of phases present, which lowered the grain boundary density leading to a reduced hardness of 553 HV for FeCrV15+Cr, compared to 835 HV for FeCrV15; which are significantly higher than 170 HV for the steel substrate. The result produced defect-free coatings with a strong metallurgical bond to the substrate. The FeCrV15 coating displayed an improved, multiple times wear-resistant capacity when contrasted with the FeCrV15+Cr. This excellent resistance is credited to the increased concentration of VC–Cr3C3 particles and increased grain boundary density due to the grain refinement of FeCrV15 coating, which are emphatically fortified in the matrix.
Is China on the Track of Its Climate Pledge: A Multi-scenario Simulation of China’s Energy-Related Co2 Emissions Pathways Based on Kaya Identity
Authors: Liu Hongxin , Zhang Jian , Yuan Jia-hai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
China is currently in the process of the middle and late stage of industrialization, and energy-related CO2 emissions have reached 10 Gt. This paper models energy consumption and related CO2 emissions that explicitly considers China’s economic and social development goals in the medium and long term, with analyzing the development trends of various driving factors of CO2 emissions. Different scenarios for 2020-2060 are projected based on the Kaya identity. Energy consumption will peak at 6200 Mtce in 2035 in the BAU scenario and at 5900 Mtce in 2030 in the accelerated transition scenario. With existing policy, energy-related CO2 emissions will peak at about 11.1 Gt in 2026-2027, and in the accelerated transition scenario it can be potentially reduced by 300-400 Mt. In the BAU scenario, the net CO2 emissions will remain around 2000Mt in 2060, after removing 1800Mt CO2 by CCS/CCUS, indicating that China need enhance its post-2030 policy strength to deliver the carbon neutrality pledge. Steady energy efficiency improvement, radical industrial and energy restructuring are three key driving forces for carbon neutrality.
The Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Multiple Myeloma from Baseline to Relapse-Refractory States
Authors: Weinhold Niels , Rasche Leo , Schinke Carolina , Maura Francesco , Bauer Michael , Ashby Cody , Deshpande Shayu , Poos Alexandra , Zangari Maurizio , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , Davies Faith , Walker Brian , Barlogie Bart , Landgren Ola , Morgan Gareth , Rhee Frits van 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Deciphering the evolution of tumor cells in the whole bone marrow (BM) cavity is key to inform curative strategies in multiple myeloma. Here, we performed spatial-longitudinal sequencing, including 144 samples collected from 25 patients during up to 14 years. Applying imaging-guided sampling we observed three evolution patterns, including relapse driven by a single tumor cell, competing relapse sub-clones and a novel pattern characterized by unique treatment-resistant sub-clones at distinct BM locations. Our study highlights focal bone lesions (FL) as hotspots of tumor evolution and provides possible explanations for their negative prognostic impact. We show a close phylogenetic relationship between baseline FL and relapse sub-clones. In patients with ≥3 FDG-PET-positive FL at diagnosis, relapse was driven by multiple distinct sub-clones, whereas in other patients, a single-cell expansion was typically seen (p<0.01). We observed resistant sub-clones that can be hidden over years, and epigenetic modifier mutations as a new class of relapse aberrations. In conclusion, imaging can enhance tumor evolution studies in myeloma. The sophisticated evolution mechanisms and presence of single cells that can drive relapse even after 10 years of remission suggest that a prerequisite for curative therapies in myeloma would be to overcome not only tumor heterogeneity but also dormancy.
Structure-based rational design of an enhanced fluorogen-activating protein for fluorogens based on GFP chromophore
Authors: Goncharuk Marina , Baleeva Nadezhda , Nolde Dmitry , Gavrikov Alexey , Mishin Alexander , Sosorev Andrey , Arseniev Alexander , Goncharuk Sergey , Efremov Roman , Mineev Konstantin , Baranov Mikhail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
“Fluorescence-Activating and absorption-Shifting Tag” (FAST) is a well-studied fluorogen-activating protein with high brightness and low size, able to activate a wide range of fluorogens. This makes FAST a promising target for both protein and fluorogen optimization. Here, we describe the structure-based rational design of the enhanced FAST mutants, optimized for the N871b fluorogen. Using the spatial structure of the FAST/N871b complex, NMR relaxation analysis, and computer simulations, we identified the mobile regions in the complex and suggested mutations that could stabilize both the protein and the ligand. Two of our mutants appeared brighter than the wild-type FAST, and these mutants provided up to 35% enhancement for several other fluorogens of similar structure, both in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of the mutants by NMR reveals that brighter mutants demonstrate the highest stability and lowest length of intermolecular H-bonds. Computer simulations provide the structural basis for such a stabilization.
Understanding The Workforce That Supports Māori And Pacific Peoples With Type 2 Diabetes To Achieve Better Health Outcomes
Authors: Mullane Tania , Harwood Matire , Warbrick Isaac , Tane Taria , Anderson Anneka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is high among Māori and other Pacific Island peoples in New Zealand. Current health services to address T2DM largely take place in primary healthcare settings and have, overall, failed to address the significant health inequities among Māori and Pacific people with T2DM. Culturally comprehensive T2DM management programmes, aimed at addressing inequities in Māori or Pacific diabetes management and workforce development, are not extensively available in New Zealand. Deliberate strategies to improve cultural safety, such as educating health professionals and fostering culturally safe practices must be priority when funding health services that deliver T2DM prevention programmes. There is a significant workforce of community-based, non-clinical workers in South Auckland delivering diabetes self-management education to Māori and Pacific peoples. These include dietitians, community health workers and, more recently, kai manaaki (KM), but there is little information about these workers and their perspectives, challenges, effectiveness, and success in delivering these services. This study aimed to understand perspectives and characteristics of KM and other community-based, non-clinical health workers, with a focus on how they supported Māori and Pacific Peoples living with T2DM to achieve better outcomes.Methods: This qualitative study was undertaken underpinned by the Tangata Hourua research framework. Focus groups with dietitians, community health workers (CHWs) and KM took place in South Auckland, New Zealand. Thematic analysis of the transcripts was used to identify important key themes. Results: Analysis of focus group meetings identified three themes common across the groups: whakawhanaungatanga (actively building relationships), cultural safety, and cultural alignment. However, there appeared to be two key differences for KM and CHWs, who both preferred a multidisciplinary approach and described their experiences of feeling un/valued in their roles, when compared with dietitians. Generally, all three groups agreed that their roles required good relationships with the people they were working with and an understanding of the contexts in which Māori and Pacific Peoples with T2DM lived. Conclusions: Supporting community based, non-clinical workers to build meaningful and culturally safe relationships with Māori and Pacific people has potential to improve diabetes outcomes.
Timing and quality of antenatal care among adolescent mothers in Luuka district, Uganda
Authors: Kayemba Vincent , Kabagenyi Allen , Ndugga Patricia , Wasswa Ronald , Waiswa Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Effective Antenatal Care (ANC) is dependent on timely initiation of the first visit and quality care to mitigate risk factors in pregnancy. However, most adolescent mothers attend their first visit later than the recommended time while others do not receive all the required components of care. This study sought to examine the predictors associated with timing of the first ANC visit and receipt of the recommended components of care among adolescent mothers in Luuka district.
Methods

The study was carried out between March and May 2021 among 248 adolescent mothers aged 10-19 years from Luuka district, who were either pregnant or postpartum with infants aged 0-3 months. Data analyses were done using descriptive techniques, Pearson chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests of independence were done at bivariate level and thereafter binary logistic regression.
Results

Findings showed that majority of the adolescent mothers (82%) attended ANC for their most recent pregnancy or birth. Still, only 47% had timely ANC visit while 36% had all the recommended components of care. Having knowledge on dangers signs in pregnancy was a determinant of both receipt of all components of ANC (AOR = 6.57, 95%CI = 1.75 - 24.65) and early timing of the first visit (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.12 – 0.97). Further, the odds of making the first visit after the first trimester were highest among adolescent mothers who had ever given birth (AOR = 3.67, 95%CI:1.68 - 8.02) and those without independent decisions on health care (AOR = 3.45, 95%CI:1.04 - 11.42).
Conclusion

Knowledge of obstetric pregnancy danger signs, having ever given birth and decision making on health care seeking are pivotal determinants of adolescent mothers’ timing of the first ANC visit and uptake of the recommended components of care. We therefore recommend the need to sensitize adolescent mothers through different channels of media on the benefits of ANC. Also, ensuring accessibility and affordability of these services among health facilities will significantly increase the uptake and early timing of the antenatal care services among adolescent mothers in rural communities.
Transition and Change: Opportunities and Challenges of CHW Policy Reform for Community Health Systems and Vertical Disease Programmes in Liberia
Authors: Zawolo Georgina , Nyaaba Gertrude Nsorma , Nallo Gartee , Kollie Karsor , Thomson Rachael , Raven Joanna , Theobal Sally , Dean Laura 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Health workforce shortages remain a critical public health challenge. Particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), the re-invigoration of community health workers (CHW) supplement critical health workforce gaps especially during epidemics and pandemics such as Ebola and Coronavirus. National CHW policies can influence CHW motivation and performance. Adaptations to national CHW policies therefore have impacts across the whole health system, particularly for vertical disease programming. Using a case study of Community Drug Distributors (CDDs) working under the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Programme, this paper explores how adaptations to a national CHW policy in Liberia influences health systems and intervention hardware and software factors that impact CHW utilisation, management, and performance in the delivery of vertical disease interventions.Methods: Three qualitative data collection tools were utilized, namely; content analysis of five CHW and NTD program-related policy documents; 25 key informant interviews with facility, county, and national level decision-makers; and 42 life and job histories with CDDs in Liberia. Data were analysed using a thematic framework approach with the coding framework generated in QRS NVivo 11 pro. Transcripts were coded using constant comparison, triangulated, and synthesised with the document review and existing literature for contextual relevance, convergence, and divergence.Results: The health systems hardware dimension shows opportunities and challenges linked to CHW training, motivation, supervision, and logistics and supplies whilst the software dimensions show challenges regarding community engagement and dialogue in CHW programming. Several contextual factors related to the policy adaption potentially facilitate inequities between the various cadres of CHWs, hinder effective supportive supervision and access to medicines, supplies and equipment which shape CDDs motivation and performance which are essential to equitable NTD programme delivery in Liberia. ` Conclusions: This study shows how an adaptation of the CHW policy provides opportunities and challenges for health system hardware and software in varied ways. These have multiple implications for specific intervention hardware and software which provide leveraging opportunities to address gaps and increase CHW motivation and competencies towards better health care delivery and stronger and resilient health systems.
Chromosome-level Genome Assembly Provides Insight Into the Evolution of Chromosomes and the Globin Gene Superfamily in Gymnocypris Eckloni
Authors: Wang Fayan , Wang Lihan , Liu Dan , Gao Qiang , Nie Miaomiao , Zhu Shihai , Chao Yan , Yang Xi , Yang Chaojie , Zhang Cunfang , Yi Rigui , Ni Weilin , Li Guangxin , Chen Qichang , Tian Fei , Zhao Kai , Qi Delin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Gymnocypris eckloni is widely distributed in isolated lakes and the upper reaches of the Yellow River and is well adapted to the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) aqueous environment. Results: Here, we report the chromosome-level genome of G. eckloni, which is the first genome reported for this highly specialized schizothoracine fish. The final genome was assembled into 918.68 Mb sequences using PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequences, including 711 scaffolds with a contig N50 length of 4.19 Mb and a scaffold N50 length of 43.54 Mb. The assembled sequences were further anchored and orientated onto 23 pseudo-chromosomes. In total, 23,157 genes were annotated, representing 94.80% of the total predicted protein-coding genes. We conducted comparative genomic analyses and found that species-specific and rapidly expanding gene families in G. eckloni are mainly involved in Dorso-ventral axis formation, ABC transporters, Peroxisome and Herpes simplex virus 1 infection. The phylogenetic analysis showed that G. eckloni was most closely related to C. carpio with an estimated divergence time of ~34.8 million years ago (Ma), which coincides with the first and second tectonic uplifts of the QTP. We also found that G. eckloni underwent an additional whole-genome duplication (WGD) event (4R) at ~14.2 Ma, which had a significant effect on the evolution of chromosomes and the globin gene superfamily in G. eckloni, thereby facilitating the adaptation of G. eckloni to the plateau water environment.Conclusions: The high-quality genome assembly of G. eckloni will serve as a valuable genomic resource for future research on the evolution and ecology of the schizothoracine fish.
Dactylogyrus Kolodynensis sp. n. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) Infecting Gills of Osteobrama Cotio (Hamilton, 1822) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from India
Authors: Tripathi Amit , Trivedi Amit Kumar , Prakash Sneha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Dactylogyrus kolodynensis, a new monogenean parasite species, is described and illustrated from Osteobrama cotio (Cyprinidae) collected from Lawngtlai (Mizoram) and Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India using morphological examination and sequencing of partial 28S rRNA gene. The new species is morphologically characterized and distinguished from all congeners by a combination of the following characters: copulatory tube a loose coil of one complete clockwise ring, jaw-shaped accessory piece comprising variable sheathes enclosing and guiding the copulatory tube, and sclerotized vaginal tube, with a terminal flower-bud-shaped vaginal pore. The molecular analyses of specimens of D. kolodynensis collected from the two different localities using 28S rRNA gene showed identical genotype that did not match any of the known sequences in GenBank, confirming our initial morphological identification. Dactylogyrus cotius, a sympatric species on the gills of O. cotio, is regarded as a species inquirenda because of its poor description. This is the first report of a monogenean species from Mizoram, in northeast India, bringing the total number of Dactylogyrus species in India to 57.
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Alters The Nutritional Requirements In Salvia Miltiorrhiza And Low Nitrogen Enhances The Mycorrhizal Efficiency
Authors: Pu Chunjuan , Yang Guang , Li Pengying , Ge Yang , Garran Thomas Avery , Zhou Xiuteng , Shen Ye , Zheng Han , Chen Meilan , Huang Luqi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (danshen in Chinese) is one of the most important medicinal cash crops in China. Previously, we showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote S. miltiorrhiza growth and the accumulation of bioactive compounds. Fertilization may affect mycorrhizal efficiency, and appropriate doses of phosphate (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilizers are key factors for obtaining mycorrhizal benefits. However, the optimal fertilization amount for mycorrhizal S. miltiorrhiza remains unclear. In this study, we studied the effects of AMF on the growth and bioactive compounds of S. miltiorrhiza under different doses (low, medium, and high) of P and N fertilizer. The results showed that the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) and mycorrhizal response of bioactive compounds (MBC) decreased gradually with increasing P addition. Application of a low (N25) dose of N fertilizer significantly increased the MGR of mycorrhizal S. miltiorrhiza, and a medium (N50) dose of N fertilizer significantly increased the MBC of phenolic acids, but decreased the MBC of tanshinones in mycorrhizal S. miltiorrhiza. Our results also showed that the existence of arbuscular mycorrhiza changes nutrient requirement pattern of S. miltiorrhiza. P is the limiting nutrient of non-mycorrhizal plants whereas N is the limiting nutrient of mycorrhizal plants.
Exocomets Size Distribution In The β Pictoris Planetary System
Authors: des Etangs Alain Lecavelier , Cros Lucie , Hébrard Guillaume , Martioli Eder , Duquesnoy Marc , Kenworthy Matthew , Kiefer Flavien , Lacour Sylvestre , Lagrange Anne-Marie , Meunier Nadège , Vidal-Madjar Alfred 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The star β Pictoris harbors a young planetary system, which is characterized by the presence of a gaseous and dusty debris disk, at least two massive planets and many minor bodies. For more than thirty years, exocomets transiting the star have been detected using spectroscopy, probing the gaseous part of the cometary comas and tails. The detection of the dusty component of the tails can be performed through photometric observations of the transits. Since 2018, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite has observed β Pic for a total of 156 days. Here we report an analysis of the TESS photometric data set with the identification of a total of 30 transits of exocomets. Our statistical analysis shows that the number of transiting exocomet events (N) as a function of the absorption depth (AD) in the light curve follows a power law in the form dN(AD) ∝ AD−α , where α = 2.3 ± 0.4. This distribution of absorption depth leads to a differential comet size distribution proportional to R−γ , where γ = 3.6 ± 0.8, showing a striking similarity to the size distribution of comets in the Solar system and the distribution of a collisionally relaxed population (γD = 3.5).
Synthesis and Evaluation of Naphthalene Derivatives as Potent STAT3 Inhibitors and Agents Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Yang Zhengyan , Xu Hongyun , Yang Yupo , Duan Chaoqun , Zhang Pai , Zhou Yuan , Wang Xin , Li Pan , Wang Yang , Fu Kai , Shen Yonghong , Xu Marvin Xuejun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been reported to be hyper-activated in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and predicts poor outcomes. However, no drugs targeting STAT3 have been marketed. To develop STAT3 inhibitors for the treatment of TNBC, we synthesized and evaluated a new series of naphthalene derivatives. Methods A new series of compounds with the scaffold of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) and an amino group were designed and screened on the basis of the structure−activity relationship by MTT assay. The binding activity of SMY002 to STAT3 was predicted and validated by docking and SPR. The STAT3 signaling target and anti-cancer effect of SMY002 were evaluated by 3 three TNBC cell lines and the mice transplanted tumor model.Results Among the compounds, SMY002 (2a) displayed the most potent activity, which could directly interact with STAT3 SH2-domain, and strongly inhibit phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear distribution, transcriptional activity, and target genes expression of STAT3. Furthermore, SMY002 markedly suppressed migration, invasion, survival, growth, and metastasis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo via down-regulating the expression of Cyclin D1 and MMP9.Conclusion The new compound SMY002 holds the potential of being developed into STAT3 inhibitory tools and TNBC treatment agents.