bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Gorelik Mark , Chung Sharon A. , Ardalan Kaveh , Binstadt Bryce A. , Friedman Kevin , Hayward Kristen , Imundo Lisa F. , Lapidus Sivia K. , Kim Susan , Son Mary Beth , Sule Sangeeta , Tremoulet Adriana H. , Van Mater Heather , Yildirim‐Toruner Cagri , Langford Carol A. , Maz Mehrdad , Abril Andy , Guyatt Gordon , Archer Amy M. , Conn Doyt L. , Full Kathy A. , Grayson Peter C. , Ibarra Maria F. , Merkel Peter A. , Rhee Rennie L. , Seo Philip , Stone John H. , Sundel Robert P. , Vitobaldi Omar I. , Warner Ann , Byram Kevin , Dua Anisha B. , Husainat Nedaa , James Karen E. , Kalot Mohamad , Lin Yih Chang , Springer Jason M. , Turgunbaev Marat , Villa‐Forte Alexandra , Turner Amy S. , Mustafa Reem A. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo provide evidence‐based recommendations and expert guidance for the management of Kawasaki disease (KD), focusing on clinical scenarios more commonly addressed by rheumatologists.MethodsSixteen clinical questions regarding diagnostic testing, treatment, and management of KD were developed in the Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes (PICO) question format. Systematic literature reviews were conducted for each PICO question. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method to assess the quality of evidence and formulate recommendations. Each recommendation required consensus from at least 70% of the Voting Panel.ResultsWe present 1 good practice statement, 11 recommendations, and 1 ungraded position statement to guide the management of KD and clinical scenarios of suspected KD. These recommendations for KD are focused on situations in which input from rheumatologists may be requested by other managing specialists, such as in cases of treatment‐refractory, severe, or complicated KD. The good practice statement affirms that all patients with KD should receive initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In addition, we developed 7 strong and 4 conditional recommendations for the management of KD or suspected KD. Strong recommendations include prompt treatment of incomplete KD, treatment with aspirin, and obtaining an echocardiogram in the setting of unexplained macrophage activation syndrome or shock. Conditional recommendations include use of IVIG with other adjuvant agents for patients with KD and high‐risk features of IVIG resistance and/or coronary artery aneurysms. These recommendations endorse minimizing risk to the patient by using established therapy promptly at disease onset and identifying situations in which adjunctive therapy may be warranted.ConclusionThese recommendations provide guidance regarding diagnostic strategies, use of pharmacologic agents, and use of echocardiography in patients with suspected or confirmed KD.
Output feedback control of stochastic nonlinear systems based on extended state observer
Authors: Wang Chunxiao , Zhang Zhongcai , Wu Yuqiang 
Published: March 2022

SummaryIn this article, we study the controller design and stability analysis for a class of stochastic cascade nonlinear systems with external disturbances. The unmeasurable external disturbance is viewed as an extended state. In order to estimate the unmeasurable system states and the external disturbance, a new extended state observer (ESO) based on the Riccati differential equation is constructed. The stochastic inverse dynamics, the error dynamics of observer, and the ESO constitute new stochastic nonlinear systems. Based on these new systems, an adaptive output feedback controller is proposed by combining stochastic input‐to‐state stability with backstepping design technique. In stability analysis, it has been shown that the designed controller can guarantee that all closed‐loop system signals are almost surely bounded and the original system states are globally asymptotically stable in probability. Finally, a simulation example is given to the validity of the proposed method.
Antibacterial Property of Oxygen‐Terminated Carbon Bonds
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhang Yaozhong , Wang Lirui , Miao Zemeng , Zhou Kexin , Yang Qiangzhen , Yu Jian , Li Xinhong , Zhang Yafei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInspired by the antibacterial agents, such as ethylene oxide, anacardic acid, and salicylic acid, oxygen‐terminated carbon bonds may take the major responsibility in antibacterial properties, a layer of oxygen‐terminated carbon bonds is fabricated on nanodiamond as an immobilized coating for the investigation of the antibacterial activity. The results demonstrate comparable antibacterial activities on oxygen‐terminated nanodiamond coating (NDC) against two kinds of probe bacteria, Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, and the annealing method as a proper method for the improvement of the antibacterial performance of the NDC. The concentration of oxygen‐terminated carbon bonds, especially CO and CO, and the ratio of CO to CO, are found to determine the antibacterial performance of NDCs. The antibacterial behavior performed through the surface interaction is revealed and the abnormal expression of cell wall‐related proteins are identified, where a potential antibacterial mechanism is proposed: the oxygen‐terminated carbon bonds damaged the cell wall through the blockage and the electrostatic repulsive force, which aggravated the abnormal metabolism of bacteria and lead to its death. The antibacterial property of oxygen‐terminated carbon bonds is confirmed and its application, NDC, provides a new idea for antibacterial research and opens the door to antibacterial coatings for medical devices.
A Living Material Constructed from Stem Cells for Tumor‐Tropic Oncotherapy with Real‐Time Imaging
Authors: Hao Min , Xia He , Duan Jiazhi , Zhou Hengxing , Zhang Gaorui , Li Dong , Chen Xin , Wang Wenhan , Sang Yuanhua , Feng Shiqing , Liu Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProgress in targeted drug delivery has changed the landscape of tumor therapy. An efficient drug delivery system with real‐time monitoring will boost the therapeutic effect. This study reports a novel living material constructed from living stem cells, nanocarriers, and drugs to achieve targeted delivery with real‐time monitoring. The nanocarriers of mesoporous silica‐coated super‐paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MSNPs) are connected to human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) by anti‐CD44 antibody bioconjugation. The inherent tumor tropism of hADSCs provides targeting ability. Drug delivery can be performed without endocytosis for drug loading based on antibody bioconjugation and high drug loading. This method also reduces the drug effect on hADSCs and results in long troop migration toward tumors for doxorubicin delivery. Successful doxorubicin delivery induces the apoptosis of Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) tumor cells. Magnetic resonance imaging of super‐paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles shows the real‐time monitoring ability of the proposed living material, which can confirm targeted drug delivery. This study provides a living material design strategy for oncotherapy.
Upcycling Silicon Photovoltaic Waste into Thermoelectrics
Authors: Cao Jing , Sim Ying , Tan Xian Yi , Zheng Jie , Chien Sheau Wei , Jia Ning , Chen Kewei , Tay Yeow Boon , Dong Jin‐Feng , Yang Le , Ng Hong Kuan , Liu Hongfei , Tan Chee Kiang Ivan , Xie Guofeng , Zhu Qiang , Li Zibiao , Zhang Gang , Hu Lei , Zheng Yun , Xu Jianwei , Yan Qingyu , Loh Xian Jun , Mathews Nripan , Wu Jing , Suwardi Ady 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo decades after the rapid expansion of photovoltaics, the number of solar panels reaching end‐of‐life is increasing. While precious metals such as silver and copper are usually recycled, silicon, which makes up the bulk of a solar cells, goes to landfills. This is due to the defect‐ and impurity‐sensitive nature in most silicon‐based technologies, rendering it uneconomical to purify waste silicon. Thermoelectrics represents a rare class of material in which defects and impurities can be engineered to enhance the performance. This is because of the majority‐carrier nature, making it defect‐ and impurity‐tolerant. Here, the upcycling of silicon from photovoltaic (PV) waste into thermoelectrics is enabled. This is done by doping 1% Ge and 4% P, which results in a figure of merit (zT) of 0.45 at 873 K, the highest among silicon‐based thermoelectrics. The work represents an important piece of the puzzle in realizing a circular economy for photovoltaics and electronic waste.
Self‐Co‐Electrolysis for Co‐Production of Phosphate and Hydrogen in Neutral Phosphate Buffer Electrolyte
Authors: Xu Heng , Xu Guanxing , Chen Lisong , Shi Jianlin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe spontaneous reaction between Zn and H2O is of critical importance and could plausibly be used to produce H2 gas, especially under neutral conditions. However, this reaction has long been overlooked owing to its sluggish kinetics and Zn consumption. Herein, a unique self‐co‐electrolysis system (SCES) is reported, which uses a Zn anode, a CoP‐based catalytic cathode, and a neutral phosphate buffer solution (PBS) as the electrolyte. In this SCES, Zn is not only a sacrificial anode but also an important precursor of high‐value‐added NaZnPO4. Additionally, the composition and phase structure of NaZnPO4 can be well regulated. In this study, a high‐performance N,Cu‐CoP/carbon cloth (CC) catalyst is synthesized to catalyze the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at an especially low overpotential of 64.7 mV at 10 mA cm−2. H2 gas (13.7 mL cm−2 h−1) and NaZnPO4 (3.73 mg cm−2 h−1) are obtained at the cathode and anode, respectively, in the N,Cu‐CoP/CC||Zn SCES spontaneously. Moreover, the SCES has a favorable open‐circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.79 V and a maximum power density of 1.83 mW cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to elucidate the electronic structure and HER catalytic mechanism of the N and Cu co‐doped CoP catalysts.
Construction of Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conducting Scaffolds in Zn Powder: A Scalable Route to Dendrite‐Free and Flexible Zn Anodes
Authors: Zhang Min , Yu Peifeng , Xiong Kairong , Wang Yongyin , Liu Yingliang , Liang Yeru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractZn powder (Zn‐P)‐based anodes are considered ideal candidates for Zn‐based batteries because they enable a positive synergistic integration of safety and energy density. However, Zn‐P‐based anodes still experience easy corrosion, uncontrolled dendrite growth, and poor mechanical strength, which restrict their further application. Herein, a mixed ionic‐electronic conducting scaffold is introduced into Zn‐P to successfully fabricate anti‐corrosive, flexible, and dendrite‐free Zn anodes using a scalable tape‐casting strategy. The as‐established scaffold is characterized by robust flexibility, facile scale‐up synthesis methodology, and exceptional anti‐corrosive characteristics, and it can effectively homogenize the Zn2+ flux during Zn plating/stripping, thus allowing stable Zn cycling. Benefiting from these comprehensive attributes, the as‐prepared Zn‐P‐based anode provides superior electrochemical performance, including long‐life cycling stability and high rate capability in practical coin and flexible pouch cells; thus, it holds great potential for developing advanced Zn‐ion batteries. The findings of this study provide insights for a promising scalable pathway to fabricate highly efficient and reliable Zn‐based anodes and will aid in the realization of advanced flexible energy‐storage devices.
Reducing Contact Resistance and Boosting Device Performance of Monolayer MoS2 by In Situ Fe Doping
Authors: Li Hui , Cheng Mo , Wang Peng , Du Ruofan , Song Luying , He Jun , Shi Jianping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract2D semiconductors are emerging as plausible candidates for next‐generation “More‐than‐Moore” nanoelectronics to tackle the scaling challenge of transistors. Wafer‐scale 2D semiconductors, such as MoS2 and WS2, have been successfully synthesized recently; nevertheless, the absence of effective doping technology fundamentally results in energy barriers and high contact resistances at the metal–semiconductor interfaces, and thus restrict their practical applications. Herein, a controllable doping strategy in centimeter‐sized monolayer MoS2 films is developed to address this critical issue and boost the device performance. The ultralow contact resistance and perfect Ohmic contact with metal electrodes are uncovered in monolayer Fe‐doped MoS2, which deliver excellent device performance featured with ultrahigh electron mobility and outstanding on/off current ratio. Impurity scattering is suppressed significantly thanks to the ultralow electron effective mass and appropriate doping site. Particularly, unidirectionally aligned monolayer Fe‐doped MoS2 domains are prepared on 2 in. commercial c‐plane sapphire, suggesting the feasibility of synthesizing wafer‐scale 2D single‐crystal semiconductors with outstanding device performance. This work presents the potential of high‐performance monolayer transistors and enables further device downscaling and extension of Moore's law.
Laser‐Engraved Boron‐Doped Diamond for Copper Catalyzed Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Gao Qian , Zhang Wangyang , Zhao Chaopeng , Yan Weishan , Han Suqin , Li Yanyan , Liu Qiao , Li Xi , Liu Duo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRobust and high‐performance electrochemical electrodes for non‐enzymatic glucose sensing are in constant demand. Herein, a hierarchical nonenzymatic glucose sensing electrode on boron‐doped diamond (BDD) is fabricated using high‐speed laser engraving and pulsed electrodeposition of Cu nanostructures. The obtained electrode contains a densely packed Cu nanoflake (CuNF) array periodically decorated on the laser‐engraved BDD. The hierarchical nanoarchitecture combines the d‐band catalytic activity of the CuNFs with the low capacitive background current of the engraved BDD substrate, thus enabling fast, precise, and high signal‐to‐noise ratio detection of trace glucose. Outstanding performances that combine high sensitivity of 2119 µA cm–2 mm–1, ultrafast response time of <1 s, and low detection limit of 0.2 × 10−6 m are experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, the electrode exhibits excellent cyclicality and anti‐interference ability, and maintains 90% of its initial responsivity after being stored in air for >8 months, indicating great stability for practical usage.
High‐Mobility Fungus‐Triggered Biodegradable Ultraflexible Organic Transistors
Authors: Yang Yahan , Sun Hongying , Zhao Xiaoli , Xian Da , Han Xu , Wang Bin , Wang Shuya , Zhang Mingxin , Zhang Cong , Ye Xiaolin , Ni Yanping , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiodegradable organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have drawn tremendous attention for potential applications such as green electronic skins, degradable flexible displays, and novel implantable devices. However, it remains a huge challenge to simultaneously achieve high mobility, stable operation and controllable biodegradation of OFETs, because most of the widely used biodegradable insulating materials contain large amounts of hydrophilic groups. Herein, it is firstly proposed fungal‐degradation ultraflexible OFETs based on the crosslinked dextran (C‐dextran) as dielectric layer. The crosslinking strategy effectively eliminates polar hydrophilic groups and improves water and solvent resistance of dextran dielectric layer. The device with spin‐coated 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) semiconductor and C‐dextran dielectric exhibits the highest mobility up to 7.72 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is higher than all the reported degradable OFETs. Additionally, the device still maintains high performance regardless of in an environment humidity up to 80% or under the extreme bending radius of 0.0125 mm. After completion of their mission, the device can be controllably biodegraded by fungi without any adverse environmental effects, promoting the natural ecological cycles with the concepts of “From nature, for nature”. This work opens up a new avenue for realizing high‐performance biodegradable OFETs, and advances the process of the “green” electrical devices in practical applications.
The 10th anniversary of the scientific description of the black snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri): It is time to initiate a set of new management strategies to save this critically endangered primate from extinction
Authors: Yang Yin , Lin Aung Ko , Garber Paul A. , Huang Zhipang , Tian Yinping , Behie Alison , Momberg Frank , Grueter Cyril C. , Li Weibiao , Lwin Ngwe , Xiao Wen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditionally, the genusRhinopithecus(Milne‐Edwards, 1872, Primates, Colobinae) included four allopatric species, restricted in their distributions to China and Vietnam. In 2010, a fifth species, the black snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri) was discovered in the Gaoligong Mountains located on the border between China and Myanmar. Despite the remoteness, complex mountainous terrain, dense fog, and armed conflict that characterizes this region, over this past decade Chinese and Myanmar scientists have begun to collect quantitative data on the ecology, behavior and conservation requirements ofR. strykeri. In this article, we review the existing data and present new information on the life history, ecology, and population size ofR. strykeri. We discuss these data in the context of past and current conservation challenges faced byR. strykeri, and propose a series of both short‐term and long‐term management actions to ensure the survival of this Critically Endangered primate species. Specifically, we recommend that the governments and stakeholders in China and Myanmar formulate a transboundary conservation agreement that includes a consensus on bilateral exchange mechanisms, scientific research and monitoring goals, local community development, cooperation to prevent the hunting of endangered species and cross‐border forest fires. These actions will contribute to the long‐term conservation and survival of this Critically Endangered species.
Differences in nutritional status between rural and urban Yucatec Maya children: The importance of early life conditions
Authors: Veile Amanda , Christopher Lauren , Azcorra Hugo , Dickinson Federico , Kramer Karen , Varela‐Silva Inês 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly‐life conditions shape childhood growth and are affected by urbanization and the nutritional transition. To investigate how early‐life conditions (across the “first” and “second” 1000 days) are associated with rural and urban children's nutritional status, we analyzed anthropometric data from Maya children in Yucatan, Mexico. We collected weight, height and triceps skinfold measures, then computed body mass and fat mass indices (BMI/FMI), in a cross‐sectional sample of 6‐year‐olds (urbann= 72, ruraln= 66). Demographic, socioeconomic and early‐life variables (birthweight/mode, rural/urban residence, household crowding) were collected by maternal interview. We statistically analyzed rural‐urban differences in demographic, socioeconomic, early‐life, and anthropometric variables, then created linear mixed models to evaluate associations between early‐life variables and child anthropometric outcomes. Two‐way interactions were tested between early‐life variables and child sex, and between early‐life variables and rural‐urban residence. Results showed that rural children were shorter‐statured, with lower overweight/obesity and cesarean delivery rates, compared to urban children. Household crowding was a negative predictor of anthropometric outcomes; the strongest effect was in boys and in urban children. Birthweight positively predicted anthropometric outcomes, especially weight/BMI. Birth mode was positively (not statistically) associated with any anthropometric outcome. Cesarean delivery was more common in boys than in girls, and predicted increased height in urban boys. In conclusion, urbanization and household crowding were the most powerful predictors of Maya 6‐year‐old anthropometry. The negative effects of crowding may disproportionately affect Maya boys versus girls and urban versus rural children. Early‐life conditions shape Maya children's nutritional status both in the “first” and “second” 1000 days.
Enantioselective Intermolecular C−H Silylation of Heteroarenes for the Synthesis of Acyclic Si‐Stereogenic Silanes
Authors: Chen Shuyou , Zhu Jiefeng , Ke Jie , Li Yingzi , He Chuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntermolecular C−H silylation for the synthesis of acyclic silanes bearing a silicon‐stereogenic center in one enantiomeric form remains unknown to date. Herein, we report the first enantioselective intermolecular C−H silylation of heteroarenes for the synthesis of acyclic silicon‐stereogenic heteroarylsilanes. This process undergoes a rhodium‐catalyzed direct intermolecular dehydrogenative Si−H/C−H cross‐coupling, giving access to a variety of acyclic heteroarylated silicon‐stereogenic monohydrosilanes, including bis‐Si‐stereogenic silanes, in decent yields with excellentchemo‐,regio‐, andstereo‐control, which significantly enlarge the chemical space of the optically active silicon‐stereogenic monohydrosilanes.
A High‐Throughput Approach to Repurposing Olefin Polymerization Catalysts for Polymer Upcycling
Authors: Cannavacciuolo Felicia D. , Yadav Rinku , Esper Alec , Vittoria Antonio , Antinucci Giuseppe , Zaccaria Francesco , Cipullo Roberta , Budzelaar Peter H. M. , Busico Vincenzo , Goryunov Georgy P. , Uborsky Dmitry V. , Voskoboynikov Alexander Z. , Searles Keith , Ehm Christian , Veige Adam S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEfficient and economical plastic waste upcycling relies on the development of catalysts capable of polymer degradation. A systematic high‐throughput screening of twenty‐eight polymerization catalyst precursors, belonging to the catalyst families of metallocenes, ansa‐metallocenes, and hemi‐ and post‐metallocenes, in cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene (PB) degradation reveals, for the first time, important structure–activity correlations. The upcycling conditions involve activation of the catalysts (at 0.18 % catalyst loading) with tri‐iso‐butyl aluminum at 50 °C in toluene. The data indicate the ability to degrade PB is a general reactivity profile of neutral group 4 metal hydrides. A simple quantitative‐structure activity relationship (QSAR) model utilizing two descriptors for the distribution of steric bulk in the active pocket and one measuring the metal ion electrophilicity reveals the degradation ability improves with increased but not overbearing steric congestion and lower electrophilicity.
Carbon‐Confined Indium Oxides for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Reduction in a Solid‐State Electrolyte Flow Cell
Authors: Wang Zhitong , Zhou Yansong , Liu Dongyu , Qi Ruijuan , Xia Chenfeng , Li Mingtao , You Bo , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeveloping robust electrocatalysts and advanced devices is important for electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction toward the generation of valuable chemicals. We present herein a carbon‐confined indium oxide electrocatalyst for stable and efficient CO2 reduction. The reductive corrosion of oxidative indium to the metallic state during electrolysis could be prevented by carbon protection, and the applied carbon layer also optimizes the reaction intermediate adsorption, which enables both high selectivity and activity for CO2 reduction. In a liquid‐phase flow cell, the formate selectivity exceeds 90 % in a wide potential window from −0.8 V to −1.3 V vs. RHE. The continuous production of ca. 0.12 M pure formic acid solution is further demonstrated at a current density of 30 mA cm−2 in a solid‐state electrolyte mediated reactor. This work provides significant concepts in the parallel development of electrocatalysts and devices for carbon‐neutral technologies.