bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The potential for using sclerosponges, marine organisms that secrete a hard calcerous skeleton, as paleoclimatic indicators has attracted the interest of a number of scientists. Sclerosponges are composed mainly of calcium carbonate and they are very long lived. Variations in their skeletal chemistry contain proxy information regarding their environment and that information has the potential to augment, if not supplant, data from scleractinian corals in interpreting past water temperature, salinity, and productivity over periods of 100s to 1000s of years.Sclerosponges, or calcified demosponges, contain aragonite or calcite and a small amount of siliceous material. Lang et al. [1975] report that these sponges grow within a reef framework, under coral talus in the shallower parts of a reef less than 55 m deep and on steep surfaces of the fore‐reef between 55 and 145 m deep. The largest and most conspicuous of the sclerosponges described by those authors is Ceratoporella nicholsoni (Figure 1), which is reported to attain a diameter in excess of 1 m. These sponges are similar in growth habit to many massive vanities of scleractinian corals, the live sponge inhabiting the upper portion of the skeleton, while the lower portion of the skeleton is essentially dead.
After two major earthquakes, El Salvador fears more landslides, aftershocks
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

“I was in my house and going to a meeting when the earthquake struck,” said Francisco Flores, about the magnitude 7.6 tremor that shook El Salvador on January 13.“At first, I was looking for my wife, and the windows started shaking, started making noise. All of a sudden, it became stronger and stronger, and all the windows started popping and breaking. We started running. My wife went to try and find my daughter, and I went to try and find my son.
New U.S. global change research institute opens
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

Gerald Stokes, director of the new Joint Global Change Research Institute based at the University of Maryland, called it an “auspicious time” to start a new institute to focus on global climate change issues.Stokes, speaking at a March 12 event to formally open the institute, cited three recent reports issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the upcoming continuation on global negotiations concerning greenhouse gases, and the ongoing debate about the issue.
AGU/AGI Showcase ODP on Capitol Hill
Authors: Folger Peter 
Published: September 2022

On Wednesday, June 13, lawmakers and their staffs jammed a Capitol Hill exhibit of research programs supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Sponsored by the Coalition for National Science Funding (CNSF), the exhibit is intended to demonstrate to members of Congress—who often wonder where the money they appropriate goes—the exciting research programs funded by NSF and their results.AGU joined with the American Geological Institute (AGI) in sponsoring an exhibit highlighting the Ocean Drilling Project (ODP). Frank Rack and Brecht Donoghue of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI) explained to interested legislators and congressional staff members that ODP is an international partnership of scientists and research institutions.
Sky's the limit for summer atmospheric research students
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

It came down to the wire for Zachary Kemp, a 2001 graduate of Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, who begins graduate studies in applied mathematics at Texas Tech University in Lubbock this fall.Kemp finished writing a new Fortran 77 computer program to help relate the speed of tropical cyclones and their associated rainfall just a few nights before his July 26 research presentation, as part of the Goddard/Howard Fellowship in Atmospheric Sciences, or GoHFAS, 2001 research colloquium showcase.
Pursuing parity for women in science
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

Although women studying in and entering scientific fields have made significant strides in both academia and industry over the past several decades, many of these gains toward parity have stalled, according to a new report, “Balancing the Equation: Where Are Women and Girls in Science, Engineering and Technology?”The report was issued July 17 by the U.S. National Council for Research on Women (NCRW). The council is an alliance of 95 research centers, policy organizations, and educational coalitions.
Eos Editor stint for Geissman
Authors: Grant Shermonta L. 
Published: September 2022

John Geissman, professor of Earth and planetary sciences at the University of New Mexico, began his 3‐year term as an Eos editor, with emphasis on geomagnetism and paleomagnetism.In an interview, Geissman said, “As editor, I will strive to be as proactive as absolutely possible. I have always felt that Eos is a fantastic forum for science information. As soon as it arrives in my mailbox, the contents are skimmed and much of it is read. How better a way to communicate science, of timely interest, to your colleagues than Eos”
Increased fuel standards among broad range of energy options
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

During simpler times, the mention of the word 'cafe' might have primarily conjured up images of sidewalk coffee and tea bars along Paris' Champs‐Elysees. However, with today's concerns about energy needs, CAFE or Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards for automobile fuel efficiency is a hot topic.On August 2, the U.S. House of Representa tives passed an energy bill rejecting a proposal to substantially increase CAFE standards for increasingly popular sport utility vehicles (SUVs). The proposal, which would have required SUVs to increase their current fleet average of 20.5 miles per gallon (mpg) to 27.5 mpg by 2007, to equal the current passenger car fleet requirement, was shelved for a requirement to more modestly raise mpgs by cutting total SUV gasoline usage by 5 billion gallons over 6 years.
Call for more U.S. renewable energy
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2022

“We must explore ways to better capture the Sun's light, the sky's wind, the land's bounty and the Earth's heat to provide energy security for America's families,” U.S. Secretary of the Interior Gail Norton told attendees at the National Conference on Renewable Energy, held on November 28 in Washington, D.C.The conference, co‐sponsored by the Interior and Energy departments, focused on the best ways to increase production of renewable energy—wind, solar, and geothermal—on public lands.
Elaiophylin triggers paraptosis and preferentially kills ovarian cancer drug-resistant cells by inducing MAPK hyperactivation
Authors: Li Guan-Nan , Zhao Xue-Jiao , Wang Zhen , Luo Meng-Shi , Shi Shen-Nan , Yan Dan-Mei , Li Hua-Yi , Liu Jia-Hao , Yang Yang , Tan Jia-Hong , Zhang Ze-Yu , Chen Ru-Qi , Lai Hui-Ling , Huang Xiao-Yuan , Zhou Jian-Feng , Ma Ding , Fang Yong , Gao Qing-Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFinely tuned mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is important for cancer cell survival. Perturbations that push cells out of the MAPK fitness zone result in cell death. Previously, in a screen of the North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation’s pure compound library of microbial origin, we identified elaiophylin as an autophagy inhibitor. Here, we demonstrated a new role for elaiophylin in inducing excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ER-derived cytoplasmic vacuolization, and consequent paraptosis by hyperactivating the MAPK pathway in multiple cancer cells. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library screening identified SHP2, an upstream intermediary of the MAPK pathway, as a critical target in elaiophylin-induced paraptosis. The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay further confirmed the direct binding between the SHP2 and elaiophylin. Inhibition of the SHP2/SOS1/MAPK pathway through SHP2 knockdown or pharmacological inhibitors distinctly attenuated elaiophylin-induced paraptosis and autophagy inhibition. Interestingly, elaiophylin markedly increased the already-elevated MAPK levels and preferentially killed drug-resistant cells with enhanced basal MAPK levels. Elaiophylin overcame drug resistance by triggering paraptosis in multiple tumor-bearing mouse models resistant to platinum, taxane, or PARPi, suggesting that elaiophylin might offer a reasonable therapeutic strategy for refractory ovarian cancer.
Identification of suicidality in patients with major depressive disorder via dynamic functional network connectivity signatures and machine learning
Authors: Xu Manxi , Zhang Xiaojing , Li Yanqing , Chen Shengli , Zhang Yingli , Zhou Zhifeng , Lin Shiwei , Dong Tianfa , Hou Gangqiang , Qiu Yingwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe brain disease associated with a significant risk of suicide. Identification of suicidality is sometimes life-saving for MDD patients. We aimed to explore the use of dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) for suicidality detection in MDD patients. A total of 173 MDD patients, including 48 without suicide risk (NS), 74 with suicide ideation (SI), and 51 having attempted suicide (SA), participated in the present study. Thirty-eight healthy controls were also recruited for comparison. A sliding window approach was used to derive the dFNC, and the K-means clustering method was used to cluster the windowed dFNC. A linear support vector machine was used for classification, and leave-one-out cross-validation was performed for validation. Other machine learning methods were also used for comparison. MDD patients had widespread hypoconnectivity in both the strongly connected states (states 2 and 5) and the weakly connected state (state 4), while the dysfunctional connectivity within the weakly connected state (state 4) was mainly driven by suicidal attempts. Furthermore, dFNC matrices, especially the weakly connected state, could be used to distinguish MDD from healthy controls (area under curve [AUC] = 82), and even to identify suicidality in MDD patients (AUC = 78 for NS vs. SI, AUC = 88 for NS vs. SA, and AUC = 74 for SA vs. SI), with vision-related and default-related inter-network connectivity serving as important features. Thus, the dFNC abnormalities observed in this study might further improve our understanding of the neural substrates of suicidality in MDD patients.
Identifying interpretable gene-biomarker associations with functionally informed kernel-based tests in 190,000 exomes
Authors: Monti Remo , Rautenstrauch Pia , Ghanbari Mahsa , James Alva Rani , Kirchler Matthias , Ohler Uwe , Konigorski Stefan , Lippert Christoph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere we present an exome-wide rare genetic variant association study for 30 blood biomarkers in 191,971 individuals in the UK Biobank. We compare gene-based association tests for separate functional variant categories to increase interpretability and identify 193 significant gene-biomarker associations. Genes associated with biomarkers were ~ 4.5-fold enriched for conferring Mendelian disorders. In addition to performing weighted gene-based variant collapsing tests, we design and apply variant-category-specific kernel-based tests that integrate quantitative functional variant effect predictions for missense variants, splicing and the binding of RNA-binding proteins. For these tests, we present a computationally efficient combination of the likelihood-ratio and score tests that found 36% more associations than the score test alone while also controlling the type-1 error. Kernel-based tests identified 13% more associations than their gene-based collapsing counterparts and had advantages in the presence of gain of function missense variants. We introduce local collapsing by amino acid position for missense variants and use it to interpret associations and identify potential novel gain of function variants inPIEZO1. Our results show the benefits of investigating different functional mechanisms when performing rare-variant association tests, and demonstrate pervasive rare-variant contribution to biomarker variability.
Self-repairing interphase reconstructed in each cycle for highly reversible aqueous zinc batteries
Authors: Zhang Wenyao , Dong Muyao , Jiang Keren , Yang Diling , Tan Xuehai , Zhai Shengli , Feng Renfei , Chen Ning , King Graham , Zhang Hao , Zeng Hongbo , Li Hui , Antonietti Markus , Li Zhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc (Zn) chemistry features intrinsic safety, but suffers from severe irreversibility, as exemplified by low Coulombic efficiency, sustained water consumption and dendrite growth, which hampers practical applications of rechargeable Zn batteries. Herein, we report a highly reversible aqueous Zn battery in which the graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots additive serves as fast colloid ion carriers and assists the construction of a dynamic & self-repairing protective interphase. This real-time assembled interphase enables an ion-sieving effect and is found actively regenerate in each battery cycle, in effect endowing the system with single Zn2+ conduction and constant conformal integrality, executing timely adaption of Zn deposition, thus retaining sustainable long-term protective effect. In consequence, dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping at ~99.6% Coulombic efficiency for 200 cycles, steady charge-discharge for 1200 h, and impressive cyclability (61.2% retention for 500 cycles in a Zn | |MnO2 full battery, 73.2% retention for 500 cycles in a Zn | |V2O5 full battery and 93.5% retention for 3000 cycles in a Zn | |VOPO4 full battery) are achieved, which defines a general pathway to challenge Lithium in all low-cost, large-scale applications.
Annihilation of exceptional points from different Dirac valleys in a 2D photonic system
Authors: Król M. , Septembre I. , Oliwa P. , Kędziora M. , Łempicka-Mirek K. , Muszyński M. , Mazur R. , Morawiak P. , Piecek W. , Kula P. , Bardyszewski W. , Lagoudakis P. G. , Solnyshkov D. D. , Malpuech G. , Piętka B. , Szczytko J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTopological physics relies on Hamiltonian’s eigenstate singularities carrying topological charges, such as Dirac points, and – in non-Hermitian systems – exceptional points (EPs), lines or surfaces. So far, the reported non-Hermitian topological transitions were related to the creation of a pair of EPs connected by a Fermi arc out of a single Dirac point by increasing non-Hermiticity. Such EPs can annihilate by reducing non-Hermiticity. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that an increase of non-Hermiticity can lead to the annihilation of EPs issued from different Dirac points (valleys). The studied platform is a liquid crystal microcavity with voltage-controlled birefringence and TE-TM photonic spin-orbit-coupling. Non-Hermiticity is provided by polarization-dependent losses. By increasing the non-Hermiticity degree, we control the position of the EPs. After the intervalley annihilation, the system becomes free of any band singularity. Our results open the field of non-Hermitian valley-physics and illustrate connections between Hermitian topology and non-Hermitian phase transitions.
Enzymes and cellular interplay required for flux of fixed nitrogen to ureides in bean nodules
Authors: Voß Luisa , Heinemann Katharina J. , Herde Marco , Medina-Escobar Nieves , Witte Claus-Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTropical legumes transport fixed nitrogen in form of ureides (allantoin and allantoate) over long distances from the nodules to the shoot. Ureides are formed in nodules from purine mononucleotides by a partially unknown reaction network that involves bacteroid-infected and uninfected cells. Here, we demonstrate by metabolic analysis of CRISPR mutant nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris defective in either xanthosine monophosphate phosphatase (XMPP), guanosine deaminase (GSDA), the nucleoside hydrolases 1 and 2 (NSH1, NSH2) or xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) that nodule ureide biosynthesis involves these enzymes and requires xanthosine and guanosine but not inosine monophosphate catabolism. Interestingly, promoter reporter analyses revealed that XMPP, GSDA and XDH are expressed in infected cells, whereas NSH1, NSH2 and the promoters of the downstream enzymes urate oxidase (UOX) and allantoinase (ALN) are active in uninfected cells. The data suggest a complex cellular organization of ureide biosynthesis with three transitions between infected and uninfected cells.
Life at high temperature observed in vitro upon laser heating of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Molinaro Céline , Bénéfice Maëlle , Gorlas Aurore , Da Cunha Violette , Robert Hadrien M. L. , Catchpole Ryan , Gallais Laurent , Forterre Patrick , Baffou Guillaume 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThermophiles are microorganisms that thrive at high temperature. Studying them can provide valuable information on how life has adapted to extreme conditions. However, high temperature conditions are difficult to achieve on conventional optical microscopes. Some home-made solutions have been proposed, all based on local resistive electric heating, but no simple commercial solution exists. In this article, we introduce the concept of microscale laser heating over the field of view of a microscope to achieve high temperature for the study of thermophiles, while maintaining the user environment in soft conditions. Microscale heating with moderate laser intensities is achieved using a substrate covered with gold nanoparticles, as biocompatible, efficient light absorbers. The influences of possible microscale fluid convection, cell confinement and centrifugal thermophoretic motion are discussed. The method is demonstrated with two species: (i) Geobacillus stearothermophilus, a motile thermophilic bacterium thriving around 65 °C, which we observed to germinate, grow and swim upon microscale heating and (ii) Sulfolobus shibatae, a hyperthermophilic archaeon living at the optimal temperature of 80 °C. This work opens the path toward simple and safe observation of thermophilic microorganisms using current and accessible microscopy tools.
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, DNA methylation, and risk for coronary artery disease
Authors: Uddin M d Mesbah , Nguyen Ngoc Quynh H. , Yu Bing , Brody Jennifer A. , Pampana Akhil , Nakao Tetsushi , Fornage Myriam , Bressler Jan , Sotoodehnia Nona , Weinstock Joshua S. , Honigberg Michael C. , Nachun Daniel , Bhattacharya Romit , Griffin Gabriel K. , Chander Varuna , Gibbs Richard A. , Rotter Jerome I. , Liu Chunyu , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Chasman Daniel I. , Whitsel Eric A. , Kiel Douglas P. , Murabito Joanne M. , Boerwinkle Eric , Ebert Benjamin L. , Jaiswal Siddhartha , Floyd James S. , Bick Alexander G. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Psaty Bruce M. , Natarajan Pradeep , Conneely Karen N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAge-related changes to the genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) pattern observed in blood are well-documented. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), characterized by the age-related acquisition and expansion of leukemogenic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), is associated with blood cancer and coronary artery disease (CAD). Epigenetic regulators DNMT3A and TET2 are the two most frequently mutated CHIP genes. Here, we present results from an epigenome-wide association study for CHIP in 582 Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants, with replication in 2655 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study participants. We show that DNMT3A and TET2 CHIP have distinct and directionally opposing genome-wide DNAm association patterns consistent with their regulatory roles, albeit both promoting self-renewal of HSCs. Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that a subset of DNAm alterations associated with these two leading CHIP genes may promote the risk for CAD.
Diesel soot photooxidation enhances the heterogeneous formation of H2SO4
Authors: Zhang Peng , Chen Tianzeng , Ma Qingxin , Chu Biwu , Wang Yonghong , Mu Yujing , Yu Yunbo , He Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBoth field observation and experimental simulation have implied that black carbon or soot plays a remarkable role in the catalytic oxidation of SO2for the formation of atmospheric sulfate. However, the catalytic mechanism remains ambiguous, especially that under light irradiation. Here we systematically investigate the heterogeneous conversion of SO2on diesel soot or black carbon (DBC) under light irradiation. The experimental results show that the presence of DBC under light irradiation can significantly promote the heterogeneous conversion of SO2to H2SO4, mainly through the heterogeneous reaction between SO2and photo-induced OH radicals. The detected photo-chemical behaviors on DBC suggest that OH radical formation is closely related to the abstraction and transfer of electrons in DBC and the formation of reactive superoxide radical (•O2−) as an intermediate. Our results extend the known sources of atmospheric H2SO4and provide insight into the internal photochemical oxidation mechanism of SO2on DBC.
Investigation the role of contrast on habituation and sensitisation effects in peripheral areas of graphical user interfaces
Authors: Lewandowska Anna , Dziśko Malwina , Jankowski Jaroslaw 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGraphical user interfaces are designed so that the most important elements are usually located in the central part of the screen, where they catch the user’s attention. However, there are situations where it is necessary to attract the user’s attention to make him/her notice, e.g., a critical alert, which is customarily displayed in the peripheral area so as not to interact with the main content. Therefore, our focus is to deliver an increased visibility of content in the peripheral area of the display in a non-intrusive way. Thus, the main purpose of this work is to analyze the visibility of the stimulus (in the form of colored discs), displayed in the peripheral area of a screen, which distracts users from the central part of the interface. The habituation and sensitization effects were considered to study which parameters catch and hold the user’s attention, despite the length of their interaction with the system. The experiments performed indicated how the parameters should be set to reduce the habituation effect without the need to use content with the highest visual intensity. The results showed that a high visual intensity is not necessarily needed for the best impact. A medium contrast level, a horizontal or vertical display localization, and a flashing frequency of 2 Hz are sufficient to obtain the best visibility in the peripheral area. In the case of critical alerts and the need for short-term intensive stimuli, it is worth highlighting these with high contrast. This configuration should be the most effective if it is not a continuous operation. However, they can cause unnecessary irritation or even cognitive load for more extended usage.