bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifeedant Activity and Biochemical Responses in Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Infesting Broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra exposed to Piper ribesioides Wall Extracts and Allelochemicals
Authors: Pengsook Anchulee , Bullangpoti Vasakorn , Koul Opender , Nobsathian Saksit , Saiyaitong Chatwadee , Yooboon Thitaree , Phankaen Poonnanan , Pluempanupat Wanchai , Kumrungsee Nutchaya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a widely occurring insect pest of several crops conventionally controlled by pyrethroids and organophosphates hazardous for the environment and human health. Thus, the alternatives are biocide-based phytochemicals. Accordingly, the Piper ribesioides Wall. (Piperales: Piperaceae) plant, well distributed in the northern regions of Thailand (Nan Province), was used due to its known bioactivity against insects. The objective was to determine the feeding deterrent activity of P. ribesioides extracts and isolated allelochemicals under laboratory conditions and correlate the efficacy under greenhouse conditions after the extracts were applied to S. exigua larvae infesting potted Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (Bailey) Musil plants. Another objective was to look at the impact of spray applications on detoxification enzymes to check the possibility of resistance development against such natural extracts.

Results
Ethyl acetate extract deterred feeding of larvae better than other extracts with the concentrations causing 50% feeding inhibition (FI50) of 26.25 µg/cm2 and feeding deterrence index (FDI) of 91.8%, which was slightly lower than the positive control (cypermethrin, FDI = 100%; FI50 0.027 µg/cm2). The most effective feeding deterrent compounds against S. exigua were pinostrobin and pinocembrin with FDI range of 77 to 90% and FI50 values of 14.39 and 19.38 µg/cm2. In the greenhouse, the larvae treated on potted B. oleracea at FI50 concentrations (determined in laboratory experiments), ethyl acetate extract gave the highest mortality of 63.33% within 24 h of first spray and total of 73.33% after 24 h of the second spray. Impact on detoxification enzymes (24 h post-treatment) was determined from survived 3rd instars of S. exigua using spray applications. Inhibition of carboxylesterase (CE) was 1.94-fold after hexane extract treatment. However, ethyl acetate extract inhibited glutathione-s-transferase (GST) 1.30-fold.

Conclusions
Ethyl acetate extract of P. ribesioides twigs and isolated pinostrobin and pinocembrin compounds were potential antifeedants against S. exigua larvae. The data obtained also showed that such antifeedant levels of treatment could be used in greenhouse or field trials directly as an extract after establishing the efficacy of extracts and the active compounds therein under laboratory conditions.

Graphical Abstract
The ramification of Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis: conceptual analysis of a looming “Complex Disaster Emergency”
Authors: Bang Henry Ngenyam , Balgah Roland Azibo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of Africa’s newest struggles for liberation: Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis, which emerged from legal and education grievances in 2016, rapidly escalated into a secessionist political conflict that is threatening the unity of the country, with potential to degenerate into a complex emergency. In an exploratory, qualitative, analytical, and descriptive case study research tradition involving document/content analysis, we apply the Robert Strauss Centre’s complex emergency framework to investigate the potential of the Anglophone crisis, whose ramifications lead us to consider it an acute complex emergency. Our contention is based on the fact that 72.5% of the variables in all the complex emergencies fall within the relevant to extremely relevant ranking criteria. Furthermore, the establishment of a nexus between the Anglophone crisis and a natural hazard-induced disaster suggest an escalation of the crisis to an unbearable level. Using the high probability of a novel eruption at Mt. Cameroon coupled with the eminent threat of the spread of the COVID-19 virus, we contend that unless otherwise, the crisis has immense potential to cumulatively evolve into a “Complex Disaster Emergency” (CDE) in the Anglophone regions of Cameroon. Amidst the existential challenges in providing humanitarian assistance in the conflict region, and by applying the Robert Strauss Centre’s complex emergency framework, this article concludes with an early warning for an impending CDE that could heighten humanitarian challenges unless there is foresight and goodwill by relevant actors to immediately commence a process of adequate contingency planning.
Development of computational models for microtesla-level magnetic brain scanning: a novel avenue for device development
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Zada Gabriel , Tai Yu-Chong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Detection of locally increased blood concentration and perfusion is critical for assessment of functional cortical activity as well as diagnosis of conditions such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Current paradigms for assessment of regional blood concentration in the brain rely on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and perfusion blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI).

Results
In this study, we developed computational models to test the feasibility of novel magnetic sensors capable of detecting hemodynamic changes within the brain on a microtesla-level. We show that low-field magnetic sensors can accurately detect changes in magnetic flux density and eddy current damping signals resulting from increases in local blood concentration. These models predicted that blood volume changes as small as 1.26 mL may be resolved by the sensors, implying potential use for diagnosis of ICH and assessment of regional blood flow as a proxy for cerebral metabolism and neuronal activity. We then translated findings from our computational model to demonstrate feasibility of accurate detection of modeled ICH in a simulated human cadaver setting.

Conclusions
Overall, microtesla-level magnetic scanning is feasible, safe, and has distinct advantages compared to current standards of care. Computational modeling may facilitate rapid prototype development and testing of novel medical devices with minimal risk to human participants prior to device construction and clinical trials.
Moving computational multi-domain method for modelling the flow interaction of multiple moving objects
Authors: Nishimura Momoha , Yamakawa Masashi , Asao Shinichi , Takeuchi Seiichi , Ghomizad Mehdi Badri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a method for modelling the flow interaction of multiple moving objects where the flow field variables are communicated between multiple separate moving computational domains. Instead of using the conventional approach with a single fixed computational domain covering the whole flow field, this method advances the moving computational domain (MCD) method in which the computational domain itself moves in line with the motions of an object inside. The computational domains created around each object move independently, and the flow fields of each domain interact where the flows cross. This eliminates the spatial restriction for simulating multiple moving objects. Firstly, a shock tube test verifies that the overset implementation and grid movement do not adversely affect the results and that there is communication between the grids. A second test case is conducted in which two spheres are crossed, and the forces exerted on one object due to the other’s crossing at a short distance are calculated. The results verify the reliability of this method and show that it is applicable to the flow interaction of multiple moving objects.
Refrigerated and frozen storage impact aronia berry quality
Authors: King Erica S. , Noll Andrea , Glenn Susan , Bolling Bradley W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Postharvest storage of many freshly picked berries affects polyphenol and sugar content. However, little is known about the impact of refrigerated and frozen storage on aronia berry composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize how storage at 4 ± 2 °C and − 20 ± 2 °C, and temperature cycles affect aronia berry polyphenols, total solid content, pH, titratable acidity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, sugar content, acid content, color, and cell structure. Refrigerated storage reduced proanthocyanidins (21%), anthocyanins (36%), and total phenols (21%) after 12 weeks. Frozen storage increased polyphenols in the first 6 mo. of frozen storage but then decreased polyphenols at mo. 8 to levels similar to initial values. Frozen temperature cycling reduced anthocyanins 18% but did not affect total phenols or proanthocyanidins. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated temperature cycling induced cell damage, shrinking, and fusion. This disruption led to the release of anthocyanins inside the berry tissue. PPO activity did not significantly correlate with the decrease in polyphenol content during storage. °Brix did not significantly change during refrigeration and frozen storage but did during the 12th temperature cycle. Aronia berries’ pH and titratable acidity were affected more by refrigeration than frozen and temperature storage. The pH increased by 4% during refrigeration, and titratable acidity decreased by 17% at 12 weeks. In conclusion, refrigerated storage results in a modest reduction of aronia berry polyphenols, but absolute extractable polyphenols are stable for up to 8 months of frozen storage.

Graphical abstract
Adaptation of a community-based type-2 diabetes mellitus remission intervention during COVID-19: empowering persons living with diabetes to take control
Authors: Quimby Kim R. , Murphy Madhuvanti M. , Harewood Heather , Howitt Christina , Hambleton Ian , Jeyaseelan Selvi M. , Greaves Natalie , Sobers Natasha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The Barbados Diabetes Remission Study-2 reported that a low-calorie diet for weight loss and diabetes remission implemented within the community and supported by trained community health advocates was both an acceptable implementation strategy and a clinically effective intervention. This study aimed to examine the adaptability of the face-to-face protocol into an online modality.

Methods
The Iterative Decision-making for Evaluation of Adaptations (IDEA) framework guides researchers in examining the necessity of the adaptation and the preservation of core intervention elements during the adaptation process. Adaptation outcomes were documented using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-Based Implementation Strategies (FRAME-IS). Implementation outcome was determined by fidelity to core elements. Intervention effectiveness was determined from the analysis of clinical data.

Results
We decided that an adaptation was needed as COVID-19 control measures prohibited in-person interactions. The core elements—i.e. 12-week intervention duration, daily 840-kcal allowance, and weekly monitoring of weight and blood glucose—could be preserved during the adaptation process. Adaptations were made to the following: (1) the context in which data were collected—participants self-measured at home instead of following the original implementation strategy which involved being measured by community health advocates (CHA) at a community site; (2) the context in which data were entered—participants posted their measurements to a mobile application site which was accessible by CHAs. As with the original protocol, CHAs then entered the measurements into an online database; (3) the formulation of the low-calorie diet—participants substituted the liquid formulation for a solid meal plan of equivalent caloric content. There was non-inferiority in fidelity to attendance with the online format (97.5% visit rate), as compared to the face-to-face modality (95% visit rate). One participant deviated from the calorie allowances citing difficulty in estimating non-exact portion sizes and financial difficulty in procuring meals. Weight change ranged from − 14.3 to 0.4 kg over the 12-week period, and all group members achieved induction of diabetes remission as determined by a FBG of < 7mmol/l and an A1C of < 6.5%.

Conclusion
The results suggest that this adapted online protocol—which includes changes to both the implementation strategy and the evidence-based practice—is clinically effective whilst maintaining fidelity to key elements. Utilization of the IDEA and FRAME-IS adaptation frameworks add scientific rigour to the research.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT03536377. Registered on 24 May 2018
Levosimendan in intensive care and emergency medicine: literature update and expert recommendations for optimal efficacy and safety
Authors: Girardis M. , Bettex D. , Bojan M. , Demponeras C. , Fruhwald S. , Gál J. , Groesdonk H. V. , Guarracino F. , Guerrero-Orriach J. L. , Heringlake M. , Herpain A. , Heunks L. , Jin J. , Kindgen-Milles D. , Mauriat P. , Michels G. , Psallida V. , Rich S. , Ricksten S-E , Rudiger A. , Siegemund M. , Toller W. , Treskatsch S. , Župan Ž. , Pollesello P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe inodilator levosimendan, in clinical use for over two decades, has been the subject of extensive clinical and experimental evaluation in various clinical settings beyond its principal indication in the management of acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. Critical care and emergency medicine applications for levosimendan have included postoperative settings, septic shock, and cardiogenic shock. As the experience in these areas continues to expand, an international task force of experts from 15 countries (Austria, Belgium, China, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the USA) reviewed and appraised the latest additions to the database of levosimendan use in critical care, considering all the clinical studies, meta-analyses, and guidelines published from September 2019 to November 2021. Overall, the authors of this opinion paper give levosimendan a “should be considered” recommendation in critical care and emergency medicine settings, with different levels of evidence in postoperative settings, septic shock, weaning from mechanical ventilation, weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiogenic shock, and Takotsubo syndrome, in all cases when an inodilator is needed to restore acute severely reduced left or right ventricular ejection fraction and overall haemodynamic balance, and also in the presence of renal dysfunction/failure.
Neural signatures of data-driven psychopathology dimensions at the transition to adolescence
Authors: Modabbernia Amirhossein , Michelini Giorgia , Reichenberg Abraham , Kotov Roman , Barch Deanna , Frangou Sophia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundOne of the challenges in human neuroscience is to uncover associations between brain organization and psychopathology in order to better understand the biological underpinnings of mental disorders. Here, we aimed to characterize the neural correlates of psychopathology dimensions obtained using two conceptually different data-driven approaches.MethodsDimensions of psychopathology that were either maximally dissociable or correlated were respectively extracted by independent component analysis (ICA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) applied to the Childhood Behavior Checklist items from 9- to 10-year-olds (n = 9983; 47.8% female, 50.8% white) participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The patterns of brain morphometry, white matter integrity and resting-state connectivity associated with each dimension were identified using kernel-based regularized least squares and compared between dimensions using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.ResultsICA identified three psychopathology dimensions, representing opposition–disinhibition, cognitive dyscontrol, and negative affect, with distinct brain correlates. Opposition–disinhibition was negatively associated with cortical surface area, cognitive dyscontrol was negatively associated with anatomical and functional dysconnectivity while negative affect did not show discernable associations with any neuroimaging measure. EFA identified three dimensions representing broad externalizing, neurodevelopmental, and broad Internalizing problems with partially overlapping brain correlates. All EFA-derived dimensions were negatively associated with cortical surface area, whereas measures of functional and structural connectivity were associated only with the neurodevelopmental dimension.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of cortical surface area and global connectivity for psychopathology in preadolescents and provides evidence for dissociable psychopathology dimensions with distinct brain correlates.
The timing of cell fate decisions is crucial for initiating pattern formation in the Drosophila eye
Authors: Weasner Bonnie M. , Kumar Justin P. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The eye-antennal disc of Drosophila is composed of three cell layers: a columnar epithelium called the disc proper (DP); an overlying sheet of squamous cells called the peripodial epithelium (PE); and a strip of cuboidal cells that joins the other two cellular sheets to each other and comprises the outer margin (M) of the disc. The M cells play an important role in patterning the eye because it is here that the Hedgehog (Hh), Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and JAK/STAT pathways function to initiate pattern formation. Dpp signaling is lost from the margin of eyes absent (eya) mutant discs and, as a result, the initiation of retinal patterning is blocked. Based on these observations, Eya has been proposed to control the initiation of the morphogenetic furrow via regulation of Dpp signaling within the M. We show that the failure in pattern formation surprisingly results from M cells prematurely adopting a head epidermis fate. This switch in fate normally takes place during pupal development after the eye has been patterned. Our results suggest that the timing of cell fate decisions is essential for correct eye development.
Surgery for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Preoperative Factors Tipping the Scale of Decision-Making
Authors: Marchegiani Giovanni , Crippa Stefano , Perri Giampaolo , Rancoita Paola M. V. , Caravati Andrea , Belfiori Giulio , Dall’Olio Tommaso , Aleotti Francesca , Partelli Stefano , Bassi Claudio , Falconi Massimo , Salvia Roberto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Decision-making in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas depends on scaling the risk of malignancy with the surgical burden of a pancreatectomy. This study aimed to develop a preoperative, disease-specific tool to predict surgical morbidity for IPMNs.

Methods
Based on preoperative variables of resected IPMNs at two high-volume institutions, classification tree analysis was applied to derive a predictive model identifying the risk factors for major morbidity (Clavien–Dindo ≥3) and postoperative pancreatic insufficiency.

Results
Among 524 patients, 289 (55.2%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), 144 (27.5%) underwent distal pancreatectomy (DP), and 91 (17.4%) underwent total pancreatectomy (TP) for main-duct (18.7%), branch-duct (12.6%), or mixed-type (68.7%) IPMN. For 98 (18.7%) of the patients, major morbidity developed. The classification tree distinguished different probabilities of major complications based on the type of surgery (area under the surve [AUC] 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.77). Among the DP patients, the presence of preoperative diabetes identified two risk classes with respective probabilities of 5% and 25% for the development of major morbidity, whereas among the PD/TP patients, three different classes with respective probabilities of 15%, 20%, and 36% were identified according to age and body mass index (BMI). Overall, history of diabetes, age, and cyst size segregated three different risk classes for new-onset/worsening diabetes.

Conclusions
In presumed IPMNs, the disease-specific risk of major morbidity and pancreatic insufficiency can be determined in the preoperative setting and used to personalize the possible surgical indication. Age and overweight status in case of PD/TP and diabetes in case of DP tip the scale toward less aggressive clinical management in the absence of features suggestive for malignancy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dinaphtho[2,1-a:2,3-f]pentalene: A Stable Antiaromatic/Quinoidal Hydrocarbon Showing Appropriate Carrier Mobility in the Amorphous Layer
Authors: Horii Koki , Nogata Akira , Mizuno Yusuke , Iwasa Haruna , Suzuki Mitsuharu , Nakayama Ken-ichi , Konishi Akihito , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A stable diareno[a,f]pentalene, dinaphtho[2,1-a:2,3-f]pentalene 6, was synthesized and characterized. The nonsymmetrical dinaphtho-fused structure of 6 highly localized the π-electrons on the pentalene core, creating a quinoidal closed-shell singlet state with a weakened antiaromatic nature. Due to the relatively high HOMO level and the presence of CH–π contacts, the mesityl derivative 6b exhibited a hole mobility of 4.37 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, as measured by a space-charge-limited current (SCLC) method.
Disparate Mechanisms of Fatigability in Response to Prolonged Running versus Cycling of Matched Intensity and Duration
Authors: BROWNSTEIN CALLUM G. , METRA MÉLANIE , SABATER PASTOR FREDERIC , FARICIER ROBIN , MILLET GUILLAUME Y. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Running and cycling represent two of the most common forms of endurance exercise. However, a direct comparison of the neuromuscular consequences of these two modalities after prolonged exercise has never been made. The aim of this study was to compare the alterations in neuromuscular function induced by matched-intensity and duration cycling and running exercise.

Methods
During separate visits, 17 endurance-trained male participants performed 3 h of cycling and running at 105% of the gas exchange threshold. Neuromuscular assessments were taken are preexercise, midexercise, and postexercise, including knee extensor maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), high- and low-frequency doublets (Db100 and Db10, respectively), potentiated twitches (Q
tw,pot), motor evoked potentials (MEP), and thoracic motor evoked potentials (TMEP).

Results
After exercise, MVC was similarly reduced by ~25% after both running and cycling. However, reductions in VA were greater after running (−16% ± 10%) than cycling (−10% ± 5%; P < 0.05). Similarly, reductions in TMEP were greater after running (−78% ± 24%) than cycling (−15% ± 60%; P = 0.01). In contrast, reductions in Db100 (running vs cycling, −6% ± 21% vs −13% ± 6%) and Db10:100 (running vs cycling, −6% ± 16% vs −19% ± 13%) were greater for cycling than running (P ≤ 0.04).

Conclusions
Despite similar decrements in the knee extensor MVC after running and cycling, the mechanisms responsible for force loss differed. Running-based endurance exercise is associated with greater impairments in nervous system function, particularly at the spinal level, whereas cycling-based exercise elicits greater impairments in contractile function. Differences in the mechanical and metabolic demands imposed on the quadriceps could explain the disparate mechanisms of neuromuscular impairment after these two exercise modalities.