bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the dietary knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Australian patients with cancer
Authors: Lee Shu Fen , Brown Teresa , Wyld David , Edwards Anna , Eastgate Melissa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence linking diet to the risk of developing cancer and preventing recurrence, but the therapeutic value of food in treating cancer remains unclear. Therefore, guidelines for well‐nourished patients with cancer are based on general healthy eating recommendations. This study aims to describe patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs towards the role of diet and cancer.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was undertaken between July 2016 and January 2017. Patients being reviewed by Medical Oncology at a tertiary cancer service were invited to complete a questionnaire.ResultsOne hundred and nine patients participated, with 61% receiving curative treatment. Median body mass index was 26.9 kg/m2. A high frequency reported weight change (72%) and dietary modifications (reduction in overall intake; 62%). Patients were more likely to modify their diet if they had experienced weight change [odds ratio (OR): 3.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49–8.63], had malignancy‐related anorexia (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.06–5.32), strongly believed that diet contributed to their cancer (OR: 9.09, 95% CI: 2.55–32.44) or felt that nutrition played an important role in treatment (OR: 4.50, 95% CI: 1.95–10.40). Dietary information was largely sought from their hospital dietitian (51%), the Internet (39%), or treating oncologist (35%), of whom 47% and 57% found the information from their hospital dietitian and oncologist helpful, respectively.ConclusionsOur survey confirms patients place great importance on diet as part of their cancer management. Evidence‐based dietetic services currently focus on managing malnutrition during treatment, but this study has identified hospital clinicians are not necessarily providing dietary information to meet patient expectations and thus a potential gap in patient‐centred nutrition services for this patient population.
Dynamic regulation of DNA methylation and histone modifications in response to abiotic stresses in plants
Authors: Liu Yutong , Wang Jie , Liu Bao , Xu Zheng‐Yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDNA methylation and histone modification are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modifications that are crucial for the expression regulation of abiotic stress‐responsive genes in plants. Dynamic changes in gene expression levels can result from changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. In the last two decades, how epigenetic machinery regulates abiotic stress responses in plants has been extensively studied. Here, based on recent publications, we review how DNA methylation and histone modifications impact gene expression regulation in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, abscisic acid, high salt, extreme temperature, nutrient deficiency or toxicity, and ultraviolet B exposure. We also review the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the formation of transgenerational stress memory. We posit that a better understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of abiotic stress responses in plants may facilitate the design of more stress‐resistant or ‐resilient crops, which is essential for coping with global warming and extreme environments.
Wear mechanisms description in nanoscale by SEM/TEM of multilayer Zr/ZrN coatings in dependence on phases ratio
Authors: Major L. , Lackner J. M. , Kot M. , Major R. , Dyner M. , Major B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a result of loading with an external force during the wear process, coating deforms uniformly. After a certain limit load is exceeded, coating deformation is localised through the formation of the so‐called shear bands. It has been showed experimentally the process of shear bands formation. The microstructural characterisation before and after the mechanical tests was performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) on cross‐sections of the samples. The analysis indicated that in the case of multilayer coatings where the ratio of the metallic to the ceramic phase is 1:1, the shear bands are formed at an angle of 45°. With a greater proportion of the ceramic phase to metallic (ratio 1:2), the shear band changed the shear angle from ∼45° to ∼90°.Mechanical in situ tests were carried out in the chambers of SEM and TEM. The scratch tests in the SEM were done with the simultaneous observation of the phenomena occurring on the surface of the tested materials showed that at a scratch force of 0.04 N, the additional outer a‐C:H layer was damaged, which was shown in the form of a fault in the force–displacement diagram, and in the form of splits visible in the SEM image. However, the application of this additional layer had a positive effect on the wear mechanism of the entire coating structure. The test also indicated that in the case of coatings with phases ratio 1:2 and 1:4 (metallic to ceramic), the characteristics of the brittle material were demonstrated, unlike the coating with a 1:1 phase ratio, where plastic properties predominated. However, for the 1:2 phase ratio coating, the chip was more ductile than for the chip formed when testing a 1:4 phase ratio coating. For in situ mechanical testing in the TEM, a straining holder was used. The test showed that the shear band angle for a 1:1 ratio coating has changed from 45° to 90° due to the different direction of force interaction.
Cognitive appraisals and coping strategies of registered nurses in the emergency department combating COVID‐19: A scoping review
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hung , Siao Shu‐Fen , Lin You‐Jie , Hsin Pin‐Hsien , Shelley Mack , Lee Yen‐Han 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveExplore the relevant evidence about stress‐related cognitive appraisal and coping strategies among registered nurses in the emergency department (EDRNs) coping with the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis scoping review followed the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley to map relevant evidence and synthesize the findings. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases for related studies from inception through February 2, 2022. This review further conducted study selection based on the PRISMA flow diagram and applied Lazarus and Folkman's Psychological Stress and Coping Theory to systematically organize, summarize, and report the findings.FindingsSixteen studies were included for synthesis. Most of the studies showed that the majority of EDRNs were overwhelmed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Depression, triaging distress, physical exhaustion, and intention to leave ED nursing were cited as major threats to their wellness. Additionally, comprehensive training, a modified triage system, a safe workplace, psychological support, promotion of resilience, and accepting responsibility may help EDRNs cope with pandemic‐related challenges effectively.ConclusionThe long‐lasting pandemic has affected the physical and mental health of EDRNs because they have increased their effort to respond to the outbreak with dynamically adjusted strategies. Future research should address a modified triage system, prolonged psychological issues, emergency healthcare quality, and solutions facing EDRNs during the COVID‐19 or related future pandemics.Clinical RelevanceEDRNs have experienced physical and psychological challenges during the pandemic. The ED administrators need to take action to ensure EDRNs' safety in the workplace, an up‐to‐date triage system, and mental health of frontline nurses to provide high‐quality emergency care for combating COVID‐19.
Exploring intersectional stigma and COVID‐19 impact on human immunodeficiency virus service provision for African Americans in a Southern city
Authors: Maragh‐Bass Allysha C. , Aimone Elizabeth V. , Aikhuele Eseohe O. , Macqueen Kathleen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims/objectivesThrough interviews with clinical service providers, we explored stigma's impact on HIV service provision for African Americans during COVID‐19.BackgroundAfrican Americans experience disproportionate rates of HIV and COVID‐19. We explored COVID‐19's impact on HIV services for African American adults in a Southern city.DesignThe study was qualitative and observational.MethodsKey informant interviews were conducted (n = 11) across two healthcare centres and two community‐based organisations and thematically analysed using phenomenological approaches by two coders. Interviews explored pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 service provision and parallels between COVID‐19 and HIV, particularly as related to stigma. The COREQ checklist was utilised to ensure research quality.ResultsAccording to the providers interviewed, all providers offered HIV prevention/treatment, but PrEP and preventive services diminished greatly early in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Successful transition to telehealth depended on existing telehealth use. Challenges exacerbated by COVID‐19 included food/housing insecurity and physical distancing constraints. Clients' COVID‐19 informational needs shifted from concerns to vaccine requests over time. Interviewees stated HIV and COVID‐19 both carry ‘risk taking’; however, HIV risk was more physically intimate than COVID‐19. Notably, some providers used stigmatising language referring to clients with HIV/COVID and omitted person‐centred language.ConclusionsFindings suggest need to address challenges in telehealth to improve client experiences now and for future pandemics. More research is needed to examine intersectional stigmatisation of COVID‐19 and HIV for African Americans to design person‐centred counselling interventions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeResults demonstrate need for provider training to reframe stigma discussions using client centeredness, educating African Americans on HIV and COVID‐19 prevention, and coordination with local organisations to address multiple care needs.Patient/Public ContributionThis research highlights needs of clients based on the views of healthcare providers caring for predominantly African American communities in a Southern city. However, no patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public were directly involved in this study.
Effect of food portion on masticatory parameters in 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children
Authors: Gómez‐Zúñiga Roberto S. , Wintergerst Ana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore differences in bite size and the amount of intraoral processing of four different foods between a reference and a double portion in 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children and, also to explore if there were differences depending on the child's weight status. The study was undertaken in 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children (n = 89). Body mass index was determined, and weight status was established based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) guidelines. A reference (half a banana, half a large peeled carrot, a slice of loaf cake, and half a salami stick), and a double portion of each food were offered to children in a randomized order in two different sessions. Three consecutive bites were taken and averaged. Variables in this study were bite size (g), number of cycles until swallowing, sequence duration as well as cycles/g. Comparisons were performed with Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Wilcoxon tests, regressions and correlations were run. Bite size was ≈13% larger with the double portion (p ≤ .05 for salami, banana, and loaf cake). Cycles/g decreased for all foods with the double portion, although only significantly for banana and loaf cake. Normal and obese children had larger bite sizes (p ≤ .05) of banana than overweight children, while only obese had larger bites of loaf cake with the double portion. In conclusion, the bite size of foods in 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children increases (13%) when the portion size is doubled and the larger bite size leads to fewer cycles/g (8%). These effects differ among foods. These parameters do not depend on weight status.
A repeated cross‐sectional analysis of breastfeeding initiation rates in Ireland for two decades and 10 recommended priorities for improvement
Authors: Philip Roy K. , Worobetz Aubree , Byrt Helen , Beirne Irene , Zutshi Raeghnya , Cassidy Tanya , Dunne Colum P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite a number of public health and policy‐based initiatives, Ireland's national breastfeeding rates are among the lowest globally. Regionally, the Mid‐West of Ireland has historically had low breastfeeding initiation rates, and parts of its major urban area such as Limerick City suffer the highest levels of economic deprivation in the country. In that context, this repeated cross‐sectional study analysed breastfeeding initiation trends in the Mid‐West of Ireland for two decades, from 2001 to 2020 inclusively. Statistical analysis revealed persistently low percentages of women initiating breastfeeding in the region. Time series analyses of the data demonstrated that overall breastfeeding rates are increasing, but continue to be lower than Irish national averages. From these findings and a narrative review of published research, we determined 10 plausible reasons for these consistently low breastfeeding rates. Arising from these, we propose ‘10 Priorities’ to increase the breastfeeding initiation rates in Ireland.
Both‐Column Acetabular Fractures: Should Pelvic Ring Reduction or Acetabulum be Performed First?
Authors: Wan Yizhou , Yu Keda , Xu Yi , Ma Yan , Zeng Lian , Zhang Ziming , Yin ZhenChun , Song Qinghua , Chen Kaifang , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveBoth‐column acetabular fracture is a type that accumulates both the pelvis and acetabulum with complex fracture line alignment and has variant fracture fragments. The selection of different reduction landmarks and sequences produces different qualities of reduction. This study aims to compare the operation‐related items, quality of reduction, and hip functional outcome by using different reduction landmarks and sequences for management of both‐column acetabular fractures (BCAF).MethodsA consecutive cohort of 42 patients from January 2013 to January 2019 with BCAF were treated operatively with different reduction landmarks and sequences: pelvic ring fractures reduction first (PRFRF group) and acetabular fractures reduction first (AFRF group). Preoperative computer visual surgical procedures were applied. There were 22 patients in PRFRF group and 20 patients in AFRF group. The surgical details, complications, radiographic and clinical results were recorded. The quality of reduction was assessed by the Matta scoring system. The functional outcome was evaluated by the modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel scoring system. The measurement data were analyzed using the t‐test of independent samples and rank‐sum test of ranked data.ResultsThe real reduction sequence in both groups was almost identical to the preoperative surgical procedures. The excellent/good quality of reduction in PRFRF group (21/22) was better than AFRF group (17/20). Operative time (152.3 ± 16.3 mins) and intra‐operative blood loss (639.5 ± 109.9ml) were significantly reduced in PRFRF group (p < 0.05). The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in PRFRF group (2/22) was less than AFRF group (4/20), but without statistical signification.ConclusionSelection of an appropriate reduction landmark and sequence could result in better quality of reduction, operative time, and decreased blood loss during treatment of BCAF.
Rewiring of the seed metabolome during Tartary buckwheat domestication
Authors: Zhao Hui , He Yuqi , Zhang Kaixuan , Li Shijuan , Chen Yong , He Ming , He Feng , Gao Bin , Yang Di , Fan Yu , Zhu Xuemei , Yan Mingli , Giglioli‐Guivarc'h Nathalie , Hano Christophe , Fernie Alisdair R. , Georgiev Milen I. , Janovská Dagmar , Meglič Vladimir , Zhou Meiliang 
Published: September 2022

SummaryCrop domestication usually leads to the narrowing genetic diversity. However, human selection mainly focuses on visible traits, such as yield and plant morphology, with most metabolic changes being invisible to the naked eye. Buckwheat accumulates abundant bioactive substances, making it a dual‐purpose crop with excellent nutritional and medical value. Therefore, examining the wiring of these invisible metabolites during domestication is of major importance. The comprehensive profiling of 200 Tartary buckwheat accessions exhibits 540 metabolites modified as a consequence of human selection. Metabolic genome‐wide association study illustrates 384 mGWAS signals for 336 metabolites are under selection. Further analysis showed that an R2R3‐MYB transcription factor FtMYB43 positively regulates the synthesis of procyanidin. Glycoside hydrolase gene FtSAGH1 is characterized as responsible for the release of active salicylic acid, the precursor of aspirin and indispensably in plant defence. UDP‐glucosyltransferase gene FtUGT74L2 is characterized as involved in the glycosylation of emodin, a major medicinal component specific in Polygonaceae. The lower expression of FtSAGH1 and FtUGT74L2 were associated with the reduction of salicylic acid and soluble EmG owing to domestication. This first large‐scale metabolome profiling in Tartary buckwheat will facilitate genetic improvement of medicinal properties and disease resistance in Tartary buckwheat.
Association mapping of resistance to tar spot complex in maize
Authors: Yan Shufeng , Loladze Alexander , Wang Nan , Sun Shuku , Chilvers Martin I. , Olsen Michael , Burgueño Juan , Petroli Cesar Daniel , Molnar Terry , San Vicente Felix , Zhang Xuecai , Prasanna Boddupalli Maruthi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTar spot complex (TSC) is a major fungal disease of maize in Mexico and several Central and South American countries. The causal agents of the disease are Phyllachora maydis and Monographella maydis. Yield losses of up to 58% associated with this disease have been reported previously. The majority of commercial maize germplasm in the United States is considered highly susceptible to TSC. In order to accelerate the disease resistance improvement process, genes for resistance to TSC and molecular markers linked to these genes, need to be identified and characterized. Here, we used an association mapping technique to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for TSC resistance using genome‐wide association study (GWAS)‐based genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and Diversity Arrays Technology Sequencing (DArTseq) single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. An association mapping panel of 228 CIMMYT maize lines was used for the GWAS. One major QTL explaining 27.66% of the phenotypic variance and four minor QTLs explaining 10.18%, 12.72%, 10.14% and 13.38% of the phenotypic variance, respectively, were identified by the GBS‐based association mapping. Two QTLs were identified by DArTseq‐based association mapping explaining 1.07% and 18.29% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. These QTLs are expected to facilitate subsequent maize improvement using marker‐assisted selection.
Characterizing membrane anchoring of leaf‐form ferredoxin‐NADP+ oxidoreductase in rice
Authors: Da Xiaowen , Guo Jiangfan , Yan Peng , Yang Chao , Zhao Hongfei , Li Wei , Kong Yuzhu , Jiang Ruirui , He Yi , Xu Jiming , Xu Ouyuan , Mao Chuanzao , Mo Xiaorong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLeaf‐form ferredoxin‐NADP+ oxidoreductases (LFNRs) function in the last step of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, exist as soluble proteins in the chloroplast stroma and are weakly associated with thylakoids or tightly anchored to chloroplast membranes. Arabidopsis thaliana has two LFNRs, and the chloroplast proteins AtTROL and AtTIC62 participate in anchoring AtLFNRs to the thylakoid membrane. By contrast, the membrane anchoring mechanism of rice (Oryza sativa) LFNRs has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the membrane‐anchoring mechanism of LFNRs and its physiological roles in rice. We characterized the rice protein OsTROL1 based on its homology to AtTROL. We determined that OsTROL1 is also a thylakoid membrane anchor and its loss leads to a compensatory increase in OsTIC62. OsLFNR1 attachment through a membrane anchor depends on OsLFNR2, unlike the Arabidopsis counterparts. In addition, OsTIC62 was more highly expressed in the dark than under light conditions, consistent with the increased membrane binding of OsLFNR in the dark. Moreover, we observed reciprocal stabilization between OsLFNRs and their membrane anchors. In addition, unlike in Arabidopsis, the loss of LFNR membrane anchor affects photosynthesis in rice. Overall, our study sheds light on the mechanisms anchoring LFNRs to membranes in rice and highlights differences with Arabidopsis.
Flame Transfer Functions for Turbulent, Premixed, Ammonia-Hydrogen-Nitrogen-Air Flames
Authors: Wiseman Samuel , Gruber Andrea , Dawson James R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ammonia is a promising hydrogen and energy carrier but also a challenging fuel to use in gas turbines, due to its low flame speed, limited flammability range, and the production of NOx from fuel-bound nitrogen. Previous experimental and theoretical work have demonstrated that partially dissociated ammonia (NH3/H2/N2 mixtures) can match many of the laminar flame properties of methane flames. Among the remaining concerns pertaining to the use of NH3/H2/N2 blends in gas turbines is their thermoacoustic behavior. This paper presents the first measurements of flame transfer functions (FTFs) for turbulent, premixed, and NH3/H2/N2-air flames and compares them to CH4-air flames that have a similar unstretched laminar flame speed and adiabatic flame temperature. FTFs for NH3/H2/N2 blends were found to have a lower gain than CH4 FTFs at low frequencies. However, the cutoff frequency was found to be greater, due to a shorter flame length. For both CH4 flames and NH3/H2/N2 flames, the confinement diameter was found to have a strong influence on peak gain values. Chemiluminescence resolved along the longitudinal direction shows a suppression of fluctuations when the flame first interacts with the wall followed by a subsequent recovery, but with a significant phase shift. Nevertheless, simple Strouhal number scalings based on the flame length and reactant bulk velocity at the dump plane result in a reasonable collapse of the FTF cutoff frequency and phase curves.
PDA Laser Measurements of Droplet-Laden Flows in a Four-Stage Axial Compressor
Authors: Doerr Tobias , Schuster Sebastian , Brillert Dieter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Droplet-laden flows play a significant role in the development of turbomachinery. For example, fine water droplets are injected into the flow path of axial compressors to increase the power output of gas turbines by making use of evaporation cooling, often referred to as wet compression. Another example is the ingestion of rain droplets in aircraft engines. Therefore, thermodynamic and aerodynamic measurements of air and liquid are indispensable to better predict the following behavior of the droplets in the gas flow. This article presents a new PDA measurement setup for a droplet-laden four-stage axial compressor to analyze the droplet behavior in swirled flows. To reduce optical disturbances of the laser beam path, liquid films at the casing are suppressed by a boundary layer air injection. Supplementary investigations with this treatment show a negligible influence on the compressor behavior. To minimize refraction effects of the laser beams at the casing window, the laser device with the optical probes can be translated and rotated, thus having 4 degrees-of-freedom. Furthermore, the collected droplet data are compared with a mathematical description of velocity slip in superimposed air flows. For the first time, it can be shown experimentally that droplets smaller than 10 μm attain the velocity of air one stage after injection. For larger droplets, however, deviations from the air Mach number of up to 0.05 remain. In addition, detached liquid films behind the trailing edge of the stator blades with low velocities can be clearly detected.