bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance improvement of space-resolved extreme ultraviolet spectrometer by use of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor detectors at the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Authors: Cheng Yunxin , Zhang Ling , Morita Shigeru , Hu Ailan , Wu Zhenwei , Xu Zong , Duan Yanmin , Xu Liqing , Zhong Long , Zhang Fengling , Zhang Wenmin , Zhao Zihang , Zhao Weikuan , Li Zhengwei , Liu Haiqing 
Published: December 2022

Two pairs of space-resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometers working at 5–138 Å with different vertical observation ranges of −7 ≤ Z ≤ 19 and −18 ≤ Z ≤ 8 cm have been newly developed to observe the radial profile of impurity line emissions and to study the transport of high-Z impurity ions intrinsically existing in EAST tokamak plasmas. Both spectrometers are equipped with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector (Andor Marana-X 4.2B-6, Oxford Instruments) with sensitive area of 13.3 × 13.3 mm2 and number of pixels equal to 2048 × 2048 (6.5 × 6.5 µm2/pixels). Compared to the currently operating space-resolved EUV spectrometers with a charge-coupled detector (CCD: 1024 × 255 pixels, 26 × 26 µm2) working at 30–520 Å, this spectrometer’s performance was substantially improved by using the CMOS detector. First, the spectral resolution measured at full width at half maximum was improved in the whole wavelength range, e.g., Δλ1/2_CMOS = 0.092 Å and Δλ1/2_CCD = 0.124 Å at C VI 33.73 Å and Δλ1/2_CMOS = 0.104 Å and Δλ1/2_CCD = 0.228 Å at Mo XXXI 115.999 Å, thus enabling a more accurate analysis of spectra with complicated structure such as tungsten unresolved transition array in the range 45–65 Å. Second, the temporal resolution was largely improved due to the high-speed data acquisition system of the CMOS detector, e.g., Δt_CMOS = 15 ms/frame and Δt_CCD = 200 ms/frame at routine operation in the radial profile measurement. Third, signal saturation issues that occurred when using the old CCD sensor during impurity accumulation now disappeared entirely using the CMOS detector due to lower exposure time at high readout rates, which largely improved the observation performance in similar impurity burst events. The above-mentioned performance improvements of the space-resolved EUV spectrometer led to a rapid change in the W XXXIII (52.22 Å) radial profile during a single cycle of low-frequency sawtooth oscillation with fst = 5–6 Hz at a sufficient detector count rate.
Enhanced directional extraction of very cold neutrons using a diamond nanoparticle powder reflector
Authors: Chernyavsky S. M. , Dubois M. , Korobkina E. , Lychagin E. V. , Muzychka A. Yu. , Nekhaev G. V. , Nesvizhevsky V. V. , Nezvanov A. Yu. , Strelkov A. V. , Zhernenkov K. N. 
Published: December 2022

For more than a decade, detonation nanodiamond (DND) powders have been actively studied as a material for efficient reflectors of very cold neutrons (VCNs) and cold neutrons. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, the possibility of enhanced directional extraction of a VCN beam using a reflector made of fluorinated DND powder. With respect to the theoretical flux calculated from an isotropic source at the bottom of the reflector cavity, the gain in the VCN flux density along the beam axis is ∼10 for the neutron velocities of ∼57 and ∼75 m/s. The use of such reflectors for enhanced directional extraction of VCN from neutron sources will make it possible to noticeably increase the neutron fluxes delivered to experiments and expand the scope of VCN applications.
Standard-ness, national ideologies and their embedding in ‘sociolinguistic theory’
Authors: Satyanath Shobha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn spite of the centrality of the vernacular in sociolinguistics, we find, it is constantly pitched against the standard, failing to make meaning on its own. It is common practice in western sociolinguistics to identify variants as standard or non-standard, thus marking a distinction between the two and their social meanings. However, when researching English in non-western contexts, such a distinction may not always be tenable. This study reports on variation in the use of a pre-verbal auxiliary – derived from English periphrastic Do – in the speech of Indo-Guyanese speakers, a community of Indian descent in Guyana. A series of matched guise tests were conducted which suggest confusion in the minds of speakers in unambiguously labeling the variants as English, creole or mixed. Further, auxiliary variants are evaluated neutrally without attaching greater or lesser value or prestige in spite of an on-going change at an advanced stage. This has consequences for the very notions of standard and standard-ness, which continue to dominate sociolinguistic modelling of variation in western contexts.
Who’s reading who?
Authors: Quinn Marie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of English ‘colonising’ academic publishing had been observed globally, so that English-speaking academics rarely need to venture into non-English texts in order to build new knowledge. In the case of research in the education and language fields in Timor-Leste, academic research and writing appears predominantly in Portuguese, with English as a significant second language of research. In this case, researchers need to engageacrossthese dominant languages in order to draw on the accumulated research and knowledge about contexts where research is carried out. Not engaging with both these languages, and other local languages, risks building incomplete knowledge of the Timorese context.This paper presents the results of a citation analysis of academic research items written between 1999 and 2020. Findings indicate that working only within a particular language is frequent among researchers writing in either Portuguese or English, often ignoring research in the other dominant languages and in local languages. This study suggests that researchers within multilingual countries need to read widely, considering a range of languages and sources. It also suggests the ways in which technological tools might help alleviate some of the barriers to inter-language communication around research.
A novel exponential degradation approach for predicting the remaining useful life of roadheader bearings
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liu Songyong , Dai Qianjin , Cui Yuming , Xie Qizhi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Based on the optimized exponential-degradation model (OEDM), a novel approach for predicting the remaining useful life(RUL) of roadheader bearings under different working conditions is proposed in this study. Specifically, the exponential process is used to construct the degradation process from a single performance characteristic under variable operating conditions, the generalized expectation maximization is employed to estimate model parameters, and the proposed degradation model is updated after new data is available. In the traditional exponential degradation method, the hyperparameters are only optimized, which leads to low calculation accuracy under severe working conditions. In the proposed method, the Bayesian algorithm and the Drift Brownian motion algorithm were respectively employed to optimize hyperparameters and stochastic parameters to ensure the high accuracy of the prediction results. In addition, degradation characteristics combined with sensory data acquired through condition monitoring were used to continuously update the RUL in the proposed degradation model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by a simulation case and a case study. The results show that compared with the linear degradation model and the general exponential degradation model, the proposed OEDM performs well in practical applications and has a higher prediction accuracy. This study provides a reference for predictive maintenance of critical parts of tunneling machinery and cost reduction of tunneling.
Personality predicts mode of attack in a generalist ground spider predator
Authors: Beydizada Narmin , Pekár Stano 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPersonality traits, such as boldness and/or aggressiveness, have long been accepted to have a profound influence on many aspects of the lives of animals, including foraging. However, little is known about how personality traits shape the use of a particular attack strategy. Ground spiders use either venom or silk attack to immobilize prey. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that behavioral differences among individuals (namely boldness, measured as the time spent exploring a novel environment; and aggressiveness, measured as the number of killed but not consumed prey) drive the use of a particular attack strategy. We used a generalist ground spider, Drassodes lapidosus, and recorded the mode of attack on two types of prey, dangerous and safe. Moreover, we measured the size of the venom gland to test the relationship between the size of venom volume and the personality, as well as the mode of attack. Drassodes individuals showed consistent behavioral differences in the way they attacked prey. Venom attack was significantly related to increased aggressiveness when attacking spider (dangerous) prey and to increased boldness when attacking cricket (safe) prey. Silk attack was more frequently used by shy (for cricket prey) and docile (for spider prey). The volume of venom was not related to the attack strategy. We conclude that personality traits are important drivers of prey-capture behavior in generalist ground spiders.
Longitudinal regression of covariance matrix outcomes
Authors: Zhao Yi , Caffo Brian S , Luo Xi 
Published: December 2022

SummaryIn this study, a longitudinal regression model for covariance matrix outcomes is introduced. The proposal considers a multilevel generalized linear model for regressing covariance matrices on (time-varying) predictors. This model simultaneously identifies covariate-associated components from covariance matrices, estimates regression coefficients, and captures the within-subject variation in the covariance matrices. Optimal estimators are proposed for both low-dimensional and high-dimensional cases by maximizing the (approximated) hierarchical-likelihood function. These estimators are proved to be asymptotically consistent, where the proposed covariance matrix estimator is the most efficient under the low-dimensional case and achieves the uniformly minimum quadratic loss among all linear combinations of the identity matrix and the sample covariance matrix under the high-dimensional case. Through extensive simulation studies, the proposed approach achieves good performance in identifying the covariate-related components and estimating the model parameters. Applying to a longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data set from the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Neuroimaging Initiative, the proposed approach identifies brain networks that demonstrate the difference between males and females at different disease stages. The findings are in line with existing knowledge of AD and the method improves the statistical power over the analysis of cross-sectional data.
‘Is Gold Dust to My Mind’: Exploring Lived Experience in Social Work Education
Authors: Howells Aisha , Walters Sophie , Duckett Nora , Barker Sarah , Clarke-Emmerson Steve , Darke Jane , Johnson Carol , Meggs Chris , Reeve Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The involvement of people with lived experience (service participants) is mandatory within UK social work education, although the form this takes varies significantly between organisations. This article outlines the final phase of a two-year research project focused on understanding the mechanisms which support and develop the meaningful and sustainable involvement of people with lived experience in social work education within a Higher Education Institution and a Local Authority Teaching Partnership in the East of England. The research team worked collaboratively using co-production principles and possessed lived experience backgrounds. This article presents findings from a qualitative study using interviews and questionnaires that aimed to deepen understanding of the concept and practice of embedding lived experience in social work education. Thematic analysis identified a dedicated role with the motivation and drive to achieve sustained inclusion in creative ways was the underpinning of meaningful and sustainable lived experience involvement. This was alongside opportunities to shape diverse and relational learning experiences, values reflecting compassionate and respectful relationships, and power sharing, accompanied by practical resources, can create a culture change. Together, these principles, practices and values have been instrumental in creating meaningful and sustainable lived experience involvement within social work education.
Postnatal development of electrophysiological and morphological properties in layer 2/3 and layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse primary visual cortex
Authors: Ciganok-Hückels Natalja , Jehasse Kevin , Kricsfalussy-Hrabár Lena , Ritter Mira , Rüland Thomas , Kampa Björn M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Eye-opening is a critical point for laminar maturation of pyramidal neurons (PNs) in primary visual cortex. Knowing both the intrinsic properties and morphology of PNs from the visual cortex during development is crucial to contextualize the integration of visual inputs at different age stages. Few studies have reported changes in intrinsic excitability in these neurons but were restricted to only one layer or one stage of cortical development. Here, we used in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp to investigate the developmental impact on electrophysiological properties of layer 2/3 and layer 5 PNs in mouse visual cortex. Additionally, we evaluated the morphological changes before and after eye-opening and compared these in adult mice. Overall, we found a decrease in intrinsic excitability in both layers after eye-opening which remained stable between juvenile and adult mice. The basal dendritic length increased in layer 5 neurons, whereas spine density increased in layer 2/3 neurons after eye-opening. These data show increased number of synapses after onset of sensory input paralleled with a reduced excitability, presumably as homeostatic mechanism. Altogether, we provide a database of the properties of PNs in mouse visual cortex by considering the layer- and time-specific changes of these neurons during sensory development.
Employees’ reaction to gender pay transparency: an online experiment
Authors: Baggio Marianna , Marandola Ginevra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe primary aim of pay transparency measures is to make pay systems less opaque and to reduce the gender pay gap. To investigate the behavioural implications of pay transparency measures, we ran an incentivized online experiment focused on the effects on employees’ performance, provision of extra effort and actions to correct pay disparities. We found that overall pay transparency does not disrupt employees’ performance. However, by revealing relative wages, it does interfere with the provision of effort and extra effort of employees with a below-average wage. Moreover, we found that pay transparency increased potentially justified requests to correct pay disparities while decreasing unjustified requests. Our evidence also shows that employee’s effort and action against unfair pay are more sensitive to lower relative wage with respect to own gender, rather than the other gender. We discuss potential policy implications of these findings and argue that more research should be carried out to better understand the efficiency of transparency measures, with a particular focus on gender reference groups.
Postwar Italian Journeys: Narratives of Homecoming, National Cohesion and German–Italian Friendship
Authors: Hanshew Karrin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Scholars, journalists, diplomats and even archivists routinely assert that to understand German–Italian relations one must start with Goethe. Without denying Goethe’s importance, this article suggests that the emotional pull and prominence of Italy for postwar Germans may have had less to do with Goethe than with the Italian journey’s importance as a shared script. By providing familiar sets of baseline behaviours and roles on which Italians and Germans could rely and to which they could attune their expectations, the script of the Italian journey helped smooth postwar tensions. It eased early West German travels and the pangs of national division, and for a time it also worked to salve Italians’ own national wounds, in addition to bringing in much-needed tourist revenues. As a framework for social interaction, moreover, the Italian journey helped both Italians and Germans work around their complex relations and uncomfortable pasts. That it lives on as an explanation for foreign relations and a popular trope also points to the tradition’s reinvention in the postwar period and its distance from the historical referent. The location of the Italian journey in the eighteenth century and the timeless quality that this long history gave to Germans’ yearning for Italy continued to offer postwar Germans a claim to national cohesion. It served (theoretically) to unite, first, West Germans and then, after 1990, Germans east and west. As a salvageable national tradition, it had few competitors.
Clinical and functional characterization of germline PIK3CA variants in patients with PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorders
Authors: Cooley Coleman Jessica A , Gass Jennifer M , Srikanth Sujata , Pauly Rini , Ziats Catherine A , Everman David B , Skinner Steven A , Bell Shannon , Louie Raymond J , Cascio Lauren , Patterson Wesley G , Jones Julie R , Di Donato Nataliya , Stevenson Roger E , Boccuto Luigi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mosaic variants in the PIK3CA gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), produce constitutive PI3K activation, which causes PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorders. To date, fewer than 20 patients have been described with germline alterations in PIK3CA. In this study, we describe three unrelated individuals with overgrowth and germline PIK3CA variants. These variants were discovered through whole-exome sequencing and confirmed as germline by testing multiple tissue types, when available. Functional analysis using Patient 1’s fibroblast cell line and two previously reported patients’ cell lines showed increased phosphorylation of AKT during cellular starvation revealing constitutive activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway. Alternatively, stimulation of the cells by fetal bovine serum produced a reduced response, indicating an activated status of the PI3K complex reducing the pathway response to further external stimulation. Additional studies utilizing Biolog Phenotype Microarray technology indicated reduced energy production when cells were exposed to growth factors stimulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, confirming the trend observed in the AKT phosphorylation test after stimulation. Furthermore, treatment with inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway rescued the normal energy response in the patients’ cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that disease-causing germline PIK3CA variants have a functional consequence, similar to mosaic variants in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Foreseeing the future of Posidonia oceanica meadows by accounting for the past evolution of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Martínez-Abraín Alejandro , Castejón-Silvo Inés , Roiloa Sergio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The current warming of the Mediterranean Sea has been forecast to lead to the shrinkage of seagrass meadows. We agree that rising sea temperatures most likely will have immediate negative effects on them because present-day asexually reproducing clones of Posidonia oceanica were likely selected as a form of resistance under suboptimal conditions during the colder temperatures of the last glaciation. However, since the evolution of P. oceanica has happened under tropical/subtropical conditions for tens of millions of years, some kind of evolutionary resilience to high temperatures is to be expected. We suggest that the ability of P. oceanica plants to reproduce sexually when water temperature is &gt;27°C might lead in the future to the selection of warm-loving plants (as warm-sensitive clones decline), with an associated increase in genetic variability in the species gene pool. Predictions focused exclusively on the future decline of cold-selected (warm-sensitive) clones may result in short-sighted forecasts because the deep history of the taxon is overlooked. We suggest that an evolutionary-based approach should be more often considered when analysing the present declines of animal and plant species. We provide some additional examples of cases in which this could be done.
Nothing to Lose but Their Restraints of Trade: Lessons for Employment Non-Compete Clauses from EU Competition Law
Authors: Mcmahon Christopher , Eustace Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Courts on both sides of the Irish Sea have handed down significant judgments in the field of post-employment restrictive covenants in recent years. This article argues that these cases expose the common law rules on restraint of trade as fundamentally inadequate for regulating non-compete clauses in the modern economy. Ultimately, the scope of these restrictive covenants can only be determined by examining the nature of the relevant market and defining the previous employer’s competitors. This article argues that courts should make full use of methods developed by EU competition law to define the limits of the relevant market, identify the competitors of the previous employer and assess the scale of the restraint. Although this method cannot fully determine the reasonableness of a non-compete clause, it would lead to more effective and systematic treatment of non-compete clauses that considerably improves upon the pragmatic and incompletely theorised approach currently taken by courts in both Ireland and the UK.
A common transcriptional mechanism involving R-loop and RNA abasic site regulates an enhancer RNA of APOE
Authors: Watts Jason A , Grunseich Christopher , Rodriguez Yesenia , Liu Yaojuan , Li Dongjun , Burdick Joshua T , Bruzel Alan , Crouch Robert J , Mahley Robert W , Wilson Samuel H , Cheung Vivian G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
RNA is modified by hundreds of chemical reactions and folds into innumerable shapes. However, the regulatory role of RNA sequence and structure and how dysregulation leads to diseases remain largely unknown. Here, we uncovered a mechanism where RNA abasic sites in R-loops regulate transcription by pausing RNA polymerase II. We found an enhancer RNA, AANCR, that regulates the transcription and expression of apolipoprotein E (APOE). In some human cells such as fibroblasts, AANCR is folded into an R-loop and modified by N-glycosidic cleavage; in this form, AANCR is a partially transcribed nonfunctional enhancer and APOE is not expressed. In contrast, in other cell types including hepatocytes and under stress, AANCR does not form a stable R-loop as its sequence is not modified, so it is transcribed into a full-length enhancer that promotes APOE expression. DNA sequence variants in AANCR are associated significantly with APOE expression and Alzheimer's Disease, thus AANCR is a modifier of Alzheimer's Disease. Besides AANCR, thousands of noncoding RNAs are regulated by abasic sites in R-loops. Together our data reveal the essentiality of the folding and modification of RNA in cellular regulation and demonstrate that dysregulation underlies common complex diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.