bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the numerical stability/accuracy conditions of explicit PIC/MCC simulations of low-temperature gas discharges
Authors: Vass M , Palla P , Hartmann P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Particle-in-cell (PIC) with Monte Carlo collisions is a fully kinetic, particle based numerical simulation method with increasing popularity in the field of low temperature gas discharge physics. Already in its simplest form (electrostatic, one-dimensional geometry, and explicit time integration), it can properly describe a wide variety of complex, non-local, non-linear phenomena in electrical gas discharges at the microscopic level with high accuracy. However, being a numerical model working with discretized temporal and (partially) spatial coordinates, its stable and accurate operation largely depends on the choice of several model parameters. Starting from four selected base cases of capacitively coupled, radio frequency driven argon discharges, representing low and intermediate pressure and voltage situations, we discuss the effect of the variation of a set of simulation parameters on the plasma density distribution and the electron energy probability function. The simulation parameters include the temporal and spatial resolution, the PIC superparticle weight factor, as well as the electron reflection and the ion-induced electron emission coefficients, characterizing plasma–surface interactions.
Orientation-dependent crossover from retro to specular Andreev reflections in semi-Dirac materials
Authors: Li Hai , Hu Xiang , Ouyang Gang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the framework of Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation, we theoretically study the transport properties in normal-superconducting junctions based on semi-Dirac materials (SDMs). Owing to the intrinsic anisotropy of SDMs, the configuration of Andreev reflection (AR) and the differential conductance are strongly orientation-dependent. For the transport along the linear dispersion direction, the differential conductance exhibits a clear crossover from retro AR to specular AR with increasing the bias-voltage, and the differential conductance oscillates with the interfacial barrier strength without a decaying profile. Conversely, for the transport along the quadratic dispersion direction, the boundary between the retro AR and specular AR becomes ambiguous when the orientation angle increases, and the differential conductance decays with increasing the momentum mismatch or the interfacial barrier strength. We illustrate the pseudo-spin textures to reveal the underling physics behind the anisotropic coherent transport properties. These results enrich the understanding of the superconducting coherent transport in SDMs.
Peroxidation of tetronic 1107 reduces protein chaperone effect
Authors: Ling Michelle X , Nguyen Michelle , McFaul Colin A , Lee Raphael C 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo enhance the stability of protein therapeutics, pharmaceutical companies have long used various copolymer surfactants as excipients. They act to stabilize proteins by adhering to the hydrophobic surface of the protein preventing denaturation and aggregation. However, some commonly used excipients possess polyoxyalkylene chains that are susceptible to oxidative degradation while in aqueous solution. We postulate that oxidation reactions involving the hydrophobic domains reduce the surfactant’s ability to stabilize the native protein structure. We investigated the effect of UV (λ = 254 nm) radiated poloxamine T1107 (T1107) on its ability to disaggregate DTT denatured hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL). Peroxidation of UV irradiated T1107 was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, the Fe+2to Fe+3ion reduction assay method, and1H NMR. Our results indicate that increased UV irradiation led to structural changes in T1107, specifically the addition of a carbonyl on the formate group. The structural change decreased T1107’s ability to disaggregate HEWL thus supporting our hypothesis. These results indicate that peroxide content is an important parameter to control in polyoxyalkylene-based excipients.
Pellet source density in toroidal plasma configurations based on a 2D Gaussian deposition model
Authors: Zhang Jie , McClenaghan Joseph , Parks Paul , Lao Lang , Wu Wen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We develop a two-dimensional (2D) Gaussian deposition model to calculate the initial pellet deposition density immediately after pellet ablation, which is valid before the ∇B-drift of the ablated material significantly shifts its location. A 2D Gaussian particle distribution is assumed in the ablation cloud cross-section. Applying this new model to a typical EAST plasma, and comparing it with the conventional point deposition model, it is found that the new model can resolve the tangential singularity problem encountered by the point deposition model. In addition, the model predicts that the initial pellet deposition density depends strongly on the ablation cloud radius as well as the form of the radial particle distribution in the ablation cloud with tangential injection. The ∇B-drift is then introduced with the drift displacement estimated based on a scaling formula derived from HPI2 simulations. The model can provide a fast evaluation of pellet deposition density compared to the predictive HPI2 code at the expense of acceptable accuracy loss. This model could be a useful tool for physical studies relevant to pellet injection, such as pellet ELM triggering and particle and energy transport.
Influence of traps reversibility on hydrogen permeation and retention in Eurofer97
Authors: Montupet-Leblond F. , Hodille E.A. , Payet M. , Delaporte-Mathurin R. , Bernard E. , Charles Y. , Mougenot J. , Vartanian S. , Grisolia C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The presence of three trapping sites in Eurofer97 and the diffusion and trapping parameters obtained in a previousarticle are confirmed using an additional thermal desorption spectrometry experiment. Using these parameters, permeation cycles are simulated using the diffusion–reaction code mhims in order to study the influence of each trapping site on the permeation dynamics. The concept of traps reversibility is used to qualify this influence. The analysis indicates that the reversibility of the trapping sites is a key parameter in diffusion and permeation dynamics, which must be accounted for to get accurate predictions of hydrogen inventory and permeation.
Energetics of intrinsic point defects and hydrogen in tungsten borides: a first-principles study
Authors: Yang L. , Wirth B.D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To understand the irradiation resistance and hydrogen (H) behavior in tungsten borides (W
x
B
y
) in a burning plasma fusion environment, the energetics of intrinsic point defects and H in six stable ground state W borides, including W2B, WB, WB2, W2B5, WB3 and WB4, have been investigated using first-principles density functional theory calculations. The results show that the formation energies of interstitials and vacancies do not directly depend on the W and B content in W borides. However, the interaction between vacancies of a stoichiometric vacancy (SV) cluster in W
x
B
y
is related to the atomic ratio of B to W (y/x). The vacancies of a minimum-size SV cluster in W
x
B
y
are energetically repulsive for y/x ⩽ 1, while the vacancies energetically bind together for y/x larger than 1. The formation energy of B Frenkel pairs in each W boride is lower than that of W Frenkel pairs. Among the six evaluated W
x
B
y
compositions, WB has the highest and the lowest formation energy of H interstitials and H-vacancy complexes, respectively; however, these two energies in WB2 are in reverse order. The average H binding energies to single vacancies in WB and WB4 are comparable with that in W, while this binding energy in WB3 and WB2 is obviously higher or lower than in W, respectively. The diffusion activation energy of H in W borides is anisotropic. One dimensional (1D) diffusion of H in W2B, as well as 1D/2D diffusion in WB, W2B5, WB3 and WB4 are preferred at relatively low temperatures; however, three-dimensional diffusion of H is predicted in WB2. The diffusion activation energy of H generally increases with B content in W borides due to the increasing local charge deficit caused by strong B–B covalent bonds. This study is useful for evaluating the performance of W borides in a fusion environment.
Test of low-dropout voltage regulators with neutrons and protons
Authors: Abovyan S. , Bianchi B. , Cesaroni M. , Corradi M. , Danielyan V. , Falconi L. , Ferraro R. , Fras M. , Gkountoumis P. , Kortner O. , Kroha H. , Longarini I. , Lunadei R. , Ratto A. , Ricci P. , Richter R. , Rosati S. , Santagata A. , Vari R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Muon System of the ATLAS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded for the high-luminosity phase of LHC to cope with higher rates and higher radiation levels. Most of the Muon-System on-detector electronics will be replaced. Commercial low-dropout voltage regulators have been considered as a robust, low-noise and economic solution to power distribution. These components should be selected based on their capability to comply to radiation requirements. We tested 7 different types of CMOS LDOs, monitoring online the output voltage of 10 samples of each type. Irradiations were performed in the Radial Channel 1 of the RSV TAPIRO fast neutron reactor at ENEA Casaccia (Rome), to test resistance to non-ionizing energy loss, and at the PIF 200 MeV proton beam at PSI (Villigen), to test for total ionizing dose and single event effects. The experimental setup and the results are presented and discussed in this paper.
Preventing saltwater intrusion in the Coastal of Terengganu, can BRIS soil system help?
Authors: Syazuani M S , Edlic S , Mohd Sofiyan S , Jamilah M S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coastal zone is among the most heavily populated areas across the world. The increasing population and rapid development in this area could lead to the possibility of over pumping groundwater. If the groundwater extracted excessively, the saltwater could intrude into the groundwater system and cause the problem. Thus, to prevent this situation from happen, the coastal wetland which known as the beach ridges interspersed with swales (BRIS) soil system area need to be taken care of, as it can recharge the groundwater. Even though this area has been neglected and undervalued for their ecosystem services (purifying groundwater), there are the potential of this area to prevent the saltwater intrusion from happened. Hence, this paper will highlight the potential of BRIS soil system in preventing the saltwater intrusion.
Community Participation in Gunung Ledang Protected Area: Supporting the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)
Authors: Bakar Ahmad Naqiyuddin , Ali Alizah , Jangga Rohani , Yaakob Ahmad Nawawi , Salleh Rosnani Mohd , Shukor Mohammad Faried Abdul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an urgent call for action by all countries - developed and developing - in a global partnership. They recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth - all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests. This paper examines the current practices of community participation and its implications on sustainable development agenda (SDG) in the Gunung Ledang Protected Area, Johor, Malaysia. The research utilizes a combination of primary and secondary data. Interview was employed to gather the primary data, while scholarly works, government documents and archival records are the instruments used for gathering the secondary data. The findings shed light on the implications of community participation on sustainable development agenda (SDG) in the Gunung Ledang Protected Area. The main challenge seems to be the lack of holistic measures in tackling community issues that are in conflict with the objectives of SDG. This main factor stems from a combination of several other issues such as decision-making based on short-term result that are mostly constraint due to budget cut and pandemic effect and the lack of understanding on the real meaning of sustainable agenda. These scenario inadvertently influence development processes and threaten the implementation of SDG.
Tree Species Diversity and Conservation Status of Keniam Forest, Taman Negara, Pahang
Authors: Ruziman Hasya Hannani , Ismail Asmida , Radzun Khairul Adzfa , Ishak Nur Syakireen , Zohari Ahmad Fitri , Kusin Mazlin , Pardi Faezah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to quantify the community structure with regards to tree species composition and species diversity of tree communities at Kuala Keniam. Five study plots of 25 m x 20 m each were established randomly covering a total area of 0.25 ha. In each plot, all trees with diameters at breast height of 5 cm and above were tagged, measured and identified. Voucher specimens were then taken for further verification purposes. The floristic composition of Kuala Keniam consists of 244 individuals represented by 142 species, 95 genera and 36 families. Euphorbiaceae was the most speciose family with 20 species and nine genera. Elateriospermum tapos (Euphorbiaceae) was recorded as the most dominant species with 16 trees. Kuala Keniam recorded Shannon-Weiner Diversity index of H’=3.01 and Margalef’s Richness Index with DMG=22.78. Low evenness index of J’ = 0.14 portrayed the unequal distribution of the tree species in the forest. Total tree biomass was estimated at 955.02 t/ha, represented by 815.43 t/ha of above ground biomass and 139.59 t/ha of below ground biomass. Carbon stock was estimated at 448.86 t/ha, contributed by, 383.25 t/ha of above ground carbon and 65.61 t/ha of below ground carbon.
Effects of environmental enrichment on behaviours and faecal glucocorticoid levels in captive sun bear (Helarctus malayanus)
Authors: Abdul-Mawah Siti Sarayati , Chor-Wai Lo , Jasnie Farnidah , Norma-Rashid Y. , Ramli R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStereotypic behaviour is correlated to stress in wild animals in captivity. When wild animals are exposed to stress repeatedly, they may experience a chronic elevation of glucocorticoids (G.C.s), especially for captive sun bears. This study aimed to investigate the stress in captive sun bears by analysing the cortisol level using Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite (FGM) analysis before and after introducing environmental enrichments. 57 samples of faecal captive sun bears were collected from four selected study sites around Malaysia. The behavioural data were collected with an instantaneous sampling method. While for FGM analysis, glucocorticoids were analysed using enzyme immunoassays. As predicted, the stereotypic behaviour increased in pre and post enrichment and decreased during the enrichment period. For FGM analysis, the cortisol level was high in pre-enrichment and low in the enrichment period. In conclusion, the outcome of this study indicated that environmental enrichment might help reduce chronically elevated cortisol concentrations that are generally associated with distress in mammals.
Flower Recognition using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Hanafiah Mastura , Adnan Mohd Azraei , Abdul-Rahman Shuzlina , Mutalib Sofianita , Malik Ariff Md Ab , Shamsuddin Mohd Razif 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the suitable model for flower recognition based on deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with transfer learning approach. The dataset used in the study is a benchmark dataset from Kaggle. The performance of CNN for plant identification using images of flower are investigated using two popular image classification models: AlexNet and VGG16. Results show that CNN is proven to produce outstanding results for object recognition, but its achievement can still be influenced by the type of images and the number of layers of the CNN architecture. The models produced adequate performance rates, with the VGG16 model achieving the best results. AlexNet and VGG16 models achieved the accuracy of 85.69% and 95.02% respectively. This model can be replicated for flower recognition in other areas, especially in our national heritage, Taman Negara which is among the richest flora ecosystem in the world. The significant feature extraction processes were discussed as well, and this is useful for other types of flowers than the trained dataset.
Development of a small scale BSF rearing system and firsthand experience of the process and its lifecycle
Authors: Khairuddin Dzulaikha , Hassan Siti Nurhaslina Fitriyah , Ghafar Siti Nurfatihah Abdul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Black soldier fly larva (BSFL) or also known as Hermetia illucens is a type of insect that has been studied for its potential to bio convert waste into a form of protein and lipid. As the bio-conversion process of food wastage into profitable sources is robust, environmentally friendly without the need for their end-product to be managed, it is a very promising sustainable method that should be explored more. A small-scale experiment was conducted to gain firsthand experience of the BSF rearing process. A portable BSFL production system was designed, developed, and tested in this study. As an addition to the experience, an experiment on the effect of different types of diet on the development of the larvae to prepupae was conducted and several characteristics of the harvested BSFL also was recorded and compared. Results show that the system can support the rearing of BSF and the different diet consumption affected the larvae size and weight. In conclusion, the system could be employed for the small scale BSFL production that not just helping in taking care of the Malaysian food waste but they will also serve as an awareness-raising measure for circular economic solutions.
The Insides of Outdoor Recreation Users towards Recreation Resource Impacts at Taman Negara Pahang, Kuala Tahan
Authors: Bookhari S N , Hashim Z , Khalid M Md. , Jamaludin M A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One of the most popular activities in the natural environment is trail walking and hiking. In such necessity, the trail is considered key to the recreational amenity available for the outdoor recreation users with safe accessibility to appreciate the natural and scenic environment. Taman Negara Pahang is the largest park in Malaysia and is located at one of the oldest rainforests in the world. The park has excellent advantages in attracting outdoor recreation users but facing a substantial impact on its recreation resources. The impacts cause undesirable change and degrade the components of recreation resources such as soil, vegetation, wildlife and water resources. This issue threatens its integrity to maintain the benefits of recreation function and reduce the quality of the visitor experience due to the ecological impacts. Thus, it is crucial to assess the extent to which outdoor recreation users perceived recreation resource impacts in Taman Negara Pahang. This research has two objectives: 1) to identify the outdoor recreation users’ perceptions toward recreation resource impacts, and 2) to analyse the outdoor recreation users’ level of acceptance toward recreation resource impacts. There are four entrances, i.e. Kuala Tahan and Sungai Relau in Pahang, Kuala Koh in Kelantan dan Tanjung Mentong in Terengganu. This research chooses explicitly Kuala Tahan because it is the main gateway to the park with the most facilities and amenities for the users. The primary research method is a questionnaire survey on outdoor recreation users after completing their activity. They will be intercepted at Bukit Teresek Trail, Canopy Walkway Trail and Lubok Simpon Trail. The survey was conducted from the 4th until the 9th of September, with 60 respondents involved. The expected outcome of this research is to provide a baseline understanding of the designated trail and effectively facilitate targeted experiential opportunities of a respected environment.
Air Quality Status During Pandemic Covid19 in Urban and Sub-Urban Area in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Halim N F , Mohd Zahid A Z , Salleh M Z M , Abu Bakar A A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper discussed the API status in the urban and sub-urban cities in Malaysia before, during and after Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented in year the 2020. The lockdown implemented worldwide including Malaysia has come as a respite to the environment, especially in air pollutant levels. 2 cities have been chosen in this study that is Kangar (suburban) and Cheras (urban). The Air Pollutant Index (API) data recorded on an hourly basis throughout different series of national lockdown phases was obtained from the Malaysian Air Pollutant Index website. The findings show that the API status quality in sub-urban does not change much compare to the urban area. But it can be seen that the API reduces during MCO implementation in the sub-urban and urban areas. This is because, during the MCO, there are several restrictions on mass movement and gatherings, and the closure of educational institutions, government and private agencies (except for essential services). This MCO restriction reduced the traffic density, industrial activities, and other social activities.
Self-learning Buildings: integrating Artificial Intelligence to create a building that can adapt to future challenges
Authors: Maksoud Aref , Al-Beer Hayder Basel , Mushtaha Emad , Yahia Moohammed Wasim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Adaptability is a crucial quality in nature, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides leverage for adaptability in Architecture. In this paper, AI is integrated to create Self-learning buildings that can adapt to future challenges. The aim of this study is to make buildings that collect data from their environment through sensors and adapt themselves according to these data. The approach followed in this study is divided into different phases. Phase 1 starts by making an extensive research on the use of AI in Architecture. The data that was gathered from that research in phase 1 was used as guidelines to design the building in phase 2. The design of the building that is in phase 2 follows a parametric approach with the help of machine learning in the form of computational design tools. An algorithm was designed with Rhino modeling & Grasshopper Scripting to generate forms that not only biomimicks the Coral Growth process but also adapt that form to the selected site of the project. Phase 3 shows the selection process for the generated experimental studies. Multiple analyses were made such as sunlight, radiation, and shadow analysis to select the best performing form in terms of energy use. In phase 4, the form is developed to increase the building’s performance. In phase 5, performance analyses are done to prove that resultant form is a climate or environmentally responsive form which have high levels of adaptability. The analysis showed that the radiation exposure of this building is between 200 and 300 kWh/m². The shadow analysis shows the building form provides a shadow length of 8 hours. The analyses proves that the building’s form reduces its energy use thus makes it adaptable. In the last phase, an AI engine system is used to predict the future expansion of the building. Integrating technology in the architecture of future buildings provides adaptable buildings and helps save some of the energy used by buildings and thus build a sustainable planet.