bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating long-term responses of soil organic matter turnover to substrate stoichiometry by abstracting fast and small-scale microbial processes: the Soil Enzyme Steady Allocation Model (SESAM; v3.0)
Authors: Wutzler Thomas , Yu Lin , Schrumpf Marion , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Understanding the coupling of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycles of land ecosystems requires understanding microbial element use
efficiencies of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. Whereas important controls of those efficiencies by microbial community adaptations have
been shown at the scale of a soil pore, a simplified representation of those controls is needed at the ecosystem scale. However, without abstracting
from the many details, models are not identifiable; i.e. they cannot be fitted without ambiguities to observations. There is a need to find, implement,
and validate abstract simplified formulations of theses processes. Therefore, we developed the Soil Enzyme Allocation Model (SEAM). The model explicitly represents community adaptation strategies of resource
allocation to extracellular enzymes and enzyme limitations on SOM decomposition. They thus provide an abstraction from several microbial functional
groups to a single holistic microbial community. Here we further simplify SEAM using a quasi-steady-state assumption for extracellular
enzyme pools to derive the Soil Enzyme Steady Allocation Model (SESAM) and test whether SESAM can provide the same decadal-term predictions as SEAM. SESAM reproduced the priming effect, the SOM banking mechanism, and the damping of fluctuations in carbon use efficiency with microbial competition
as predicted by SEAM and other more detailed models. This development is an important step towards a more parsimonious representation of soil
microbial effects in global land surface models.
An ensemble Kalman filter system with the Stony Brook Parallel Ocean Model v1.0
Authors: Ohishi Shun , Hihara Tsutomu , Aiki Hidenori , Ishizaka Joji , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Kachi Misako , Miyoshi Takemasa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. This study develops an ensemble Kalman filter
(EnKF)-based regional ocean data assimilation system in which the local
ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) is implemented with version 1.0 of the Stony Brook
Parallel Ocean Model (sbPOM) to assimilate satellite and in situ
observations at a daily frequency. A series of sensitivity experiments are
performed with various settings of the incremental analysis update (IAU) and
covariance inflation methods, for which the relaxation-to-prior
perturbations and spread (RTPP and RTPS, respectively) and multiplicative
inflation (MULT) are considered. We evaluate the geostrophic balance and the
analysis accuracy compared with the control experiment in which the IAU and
covariance inflation are not applied. The results show that the IAU improves
the geostrophic balance, degrades the accuracy, and reduces the ensemble
spread, and that the RTPP and RTPS have the opposite effect. The experiment
using a combination of the IAU and RTPP results in a significant improvement for both balance and analysis accuracy when the RTPP parameter is 0.8–0.9.
The combination of the IAU and RTPS improves the balance when the RTPS
parameter is ≤0.8 and increases the analysis accuracy for parameter
values between 1.0 and 1.1, but the balance and analysis accuracy are not
improved significantly at the same time. The experiments with MULT inflating the
forecast ensemble spread by 5 % do not demonstrate sufficient skill in
maintaining the balance and reproducing the surface flow field regardless of
whether the IAU is applied or not. The 11 d ensemble forecast experiments
show consistent results. Therefore, the combination of the IAU and RTPP with
a parameter value of 0.8–0.9 is found to be the best setting for the EnKF-based
ocean data assimilation system.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF MGNREGA ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN RAJASTHAN
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Government College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, Gurjar Dr. Jai Narayan , Depan Ms. Kalpna ,   Research Scholar, Government College, Ajmer, (M.D.S University, Ajmer) Rajasthan
Published: November 2022

A major section in world is facing problem of poverty and unemployment. Rural people specifically women are the victims of this poverty and unemployment, in order to eliminate these, government also undertake some employment and poverty alleviation programmes like MGNREGA.	Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is first ever law internationally, that guarantees wage employment at an unprecedented scale. The primary objective of the MGNREGA is augmenting wage employment. Its auxiliary objective is strengthening natural resource management through works that address causes of chronic poverty like deforestation, drought and soil erosion and so encourage sustainable development.	To strengthen the democratic system and enhance transparency and accountability in it, the process outcomes are focused towards improving the grassroots methodology of democracy. This paper discuss benefits of MGNREGA and its implementation, it focus to identify the influence and role of MGNREGA in rural women development and growth, and also suggested for the better implementation of this scheme. Mainly on the basis of primary data analysis, this paper attempts to highlight the role of MGNREGA in the empowerment of women in Rajasthan.	The current research study will forth valuable insights with respect to the implementation of the Act and would indubitably function as an eye-opener for the authorities and policy makers to recognize and remedy the problems and constraints in the implementation KEYWORDS: MGNREGA, Poverty, Rajasthan, Women Empowerment
Legal Status of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia and Its Implications for Registration
Authors: Jatmiko Bayu Dwi Widdy , Hidayah Nur Putri , Echaib Samira 
Published: November 2022

Indonesia's marriage law prohibits interfaith unions. However, this provision has not yet taken effect. This study aims to find out how the legal status of marriage is different religions and how the recording provisions are valid in the eyes of the law. This research uses normative legal research methods, with a regulatory approach and data presentation in the form of descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that, first, regarding legal status, interfaith marriage is invalid in the eyes of the law, because it is contrary to the provisions of Law on marriage. However, based on the Supreme Court's decision couples of different faiths can request a court determination, henceforth to continue to carry out the marriage according to the beliefs held by each bride and groom.Â Second, regarding the registration of marriages for interfaith marriages, the bride and groom record them with the civil registry office and will be recorded as non-Islamic marriages.
Financial Growth of Private Non-life Insurers in India: A Trend Analysis
Authors: Basu Tamal , Aithal P.S. 
Published: November 2022

In the non-life insurance sector, General Insurance Business Act of 1972 was approved by the Indian Parliament through amalgamation of 107 general insurance companies operating on that time. In the non-life insurance segment, there are 6 public sector insurers and the rest 28 are private insurers. Apart from these, there is a sole national re-insurer, namely general Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). In this context, the study attempts to analyze the financial growth of the private non-life insurers in India from 2010-11 to 2019-20. Varied results are observed in respect of selected performance indicators of private non-life insurers in India. Overall, we found no significant change in financial recital indicators during the study epoch. To conclude, it may be stated on the whole, it may be stated that despite momentous positive enlargement in FDIR, the private non-life insurers in India have not shown acceptable recital with respect to financial indicators during the time under study.
Experiencing and Encountering Impoverishment in Nineteenth-Century Finland
Authors: Frigren Pirita , Hemminki Tiina , Nummela Ilkka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The nineteenth century in Finland was characterized by significant societal changes. Since 1809 a Grand Duchy of imperial Russia, Finland began to transform from an early modern society of estates to a modern civic society. The end of the nineteenth century was characterized by significant economic growth. Despite this general development, for many people this era signaled impoverishment and downward mobility that affected even the next generations. A fresh look at the economic threats on various societal layers is called for. In this theme issue we are concerned with socially varying dimensions of destitution, its manifestations, and the ways in which it was experienced and repelled. We explore the manifold and fruitful sources available, some of which are as yet little explored, while others afford novel approaches to the history of poverty.
Out of Poverty: The Ahrenberg Siblings, 1860–1920
Authors: Annola Johanna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article discusses how three illegitimate children of a poor maidservant built their lives in Finland at the end of the long nineteenth century. The eldest followed in her mother's footsteps by becoming a maidservant with an illegitimate child of her own, but the two younger ones cut loose from the traditional setting of the family, both geographically and socio-economically. They joined the middle class, which was then emerging and taking shape at the turn of the century. This article shows how the rise of the younger Ahrenberg siblings was made possible by the new social structures in Finnish society: increasing educational openings for common people; economic liberalization; and the emergence of new career opportunities within the expanding field of public sector social work. The article also analyzes the impact these changes had on the self-understanding of the siblings. Moreover, the article sheds light on the means of mutual assistance by which the Ahrenberg siblings helped each other seize the new opportunities and fight the insecurity of Finnish society at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
English for Specific Purposes: An Overview: Definitions, Characteristics and Development
Authors: Mohamed Omnia Ibrahim , Alani Nowar Nizar 
Published: November 2022

This paper discusses the importance of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and traces its historical growth. It comprises the attempts of linguists to define it, each from a different prospective. This review also attempts to find out the purpose of ESP and its scope and how ESP courses are different from General English (GE) courses as well as the features and the requirements of an ESP course. It also discusses the needs analysis that is a crucial requirement for an ESP course and the importance of ESP courses for students as well as professionals. It discusses the teaching and learning process of an ESP course and highlights the fact that the creation, planning and structuring of an ESP course is a very challenging mission because it has to be tailored to the requirements of its learners.&nbsp;
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Faktor - Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Keikutsertaan Suami Dalam KB Vasektomi Di Kel.Pandu Kec.Bunaken Kota Manado
Authors: Noormah Juwita  , Ria A.J.Rotinsulu  
Published: November 2022

Rendahnya keikutsertaan suami dalam program KB berhubungan dengan beberapa faktor yaitu pengetahuan,umur,jumlah anak serta dukungan pada keluarga. Dan masyarakat yang masih menggangap keikutsertaan belum atau tidak penting dilakukan. Bila dibandingkan dengan partisipasi pria di negara-negara tetangga seperti : Korea (27%), Sri Langka (26%), Filipina (24%), Bangladesh (18%), Nepal (18%), Malaysia (16,8%), Cina (11%), Thailand (9%), dan Pakistan (9%), maka Indonesia menempati angka paling rendah keikutsertaan dalam ber-KB.Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang berhubungan ; pengetahuan, umur, jumlah anak dan dukungan keluarga dengan keikutsertaan suami dalam KB vasektomi di Kel.Pandu Kec.Bunaken Kota Manado
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yang di ambil adalah 150 orang suami Di Kel. Pandu Kec. Bunaken Kota Manado. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi square.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian adalah pengetahuan sebagian besar memiliki pengetahuan cukup yakni 72 responden ( 48 % ) , sebagian besar memiliki umur < 30 - 40 Tahun yakni 77 responden (51,3 %), jumlah anak hampir seluruhnya memiliki jumlah anak hidup > 2 Org yakni 81 responden (54 %). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan umur dengan keikutsertaan suami KB vasektomi sedangkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan jumlah anak.
CAGE20-4 Cruise Report: High-resolution 2D and 3D seismic investigations on the Møre and Vøring Margins
Authors: Bünz Stefan 
Published: November 2022

The CAGE20-4 expedition on RV Helmer Hanssen targeted areas on the outer margins of the Møre and Vøring basins, with emphasis on IODP drilling proposal P944 sites. High-resolution 2D and 3D P-Cable seismic studies focused in particular on the structure of igneous deposits and how tectonic and igneous events have affected the Paleogene and global climate through gas production from organic-rich sediments and release into the atmosphere via hydrothermal venting. This expedition was part of a collaboration between CAGE and the Center for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED) at the University of Oslo.
The cruise may be known as: CAGE20_4
Dynamic analysis of the microbial communities and metabolome of healthy banana rhizosphere soil during one growth cycle
Authors: Ye Liujian , Wang Xiaohu , Wei Shengbo , Zhu Qixia , He Shuang , Zhou Liqin 
Published: November 2022

Background
The banana-growing rhizosphere soil ecosystem is very complex and consists of an entangled network of interactions between banana plants, microbes and soil, so identifying key components in banana production is difficult. Most of the previous studies on these interactions ignore the role of the banana plant. At present, there is no research on the the micro-ecological environment of the banana planting growth cycle.

Methods
Based on high-throughput sequencing technology and metabolomics technology, this study analyzed the rhizosphere soil microbial community and metabolic dynamics of healthy banana plants during one growth cycle.

Results
Assessing the microbial community composition of healthy banana rhizosphere soil, we found that the bacteria with the highest levels were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria, and the dominant fungi were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota. The metabolite profile of healthy banana rhizosphere soil showed that sugars, lipids and organic acids were the most abundant, accounting for about 50% of the total metabolites. The correlation network between fungi and metabolites was more complex than that of bacteria and metabolites. In a soil environment with acidic pH, bacterial genera showed a significant negative correlation with pH value, while fungal genera showed no significant negative correlation with pH value. The network interactions between bacteria, between fungi, and between bacteria and fungi were all positively correlated.

Conclusions
Healthy banana rhizosphere soil not only has a stable micro-ecology, but also has stable metabolic characteristics. The microorganisms in healthy banana rhizosphere soil have mutually beneficial rather than competitive relationships.
Tumor Cell‐Responsive Photodynamic Immunoagent for Immunogenicity‐Enhanced Orthotopic and Remote Tumor Therapy
Authors: Chen Yingchao , Xiong Tao , Zhao Xueze , Du Jianjun , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCombining photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immune checkpoint blockades is an efficient method to maximize immunotherapeutic outcome by boosting tumor immunogenicity and modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, the always‐on bioactivity of photosensitizers or immune checkpoint inhibitors leads to uncontrollable side effects, limiting the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of treatments. An activatable strategy is of great importance for improving the selectivity during cancer therapy. In this study, a photodynamic immunomodulator, ICy‐NLG, is developed by conjugating the photosensitizer ICy‐NH2 with the indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 inhibitor NLG919 through a glutathione (GSH)‐cleavable linker to achieve activatable photodynamic immunotherapy. The conjugation considerably suppresses both the PDT effect and the activity of the inhibitor. After ICy‐NLG is activated by high levels of GSH in tumor cells, the PDT effect is restored and leads to immunogenic tumor cell death. The released tumor‐associated antigens in conjunction with the activated immune checkpoint inhibitor induce a synergistic antitumor immune response, resulting in the growth inhibition of primary and distant tumors and the prevention of lung metastasis in mouse xenograft models.
Dual “Unlocking” Strategy to Overcome Inefficient Nanomedicine Delivery and Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Photodynamic‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xianglong , Jiang Cong , Jia Xinlin , Cao Yuanyuan , Mao Yuanqing , Hao Ji‐Na , Yang Yang , Zhang Peng , Li Yongsheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLacking blood vessels is one of the main characteristics of most solid tumors due to their rapid and unrestricted growth, which thus causes the inefficient delivery efficiency of nanomedicine and tumor hypoxia. Herein, a dual “unlocking” strategy to overcome these obstacles is proposed by combining engineered hybrid nanoparticles (named ZnPc@FOM‐Pt) with dexamethasone (DXM). It is verified that pretreatment of tumors with DXM can increase intratumorally micro‐vessel density (delivery “unlocking”) to enhance the tumor delivery efficiency of ZnPc@FOM‐Pt and decrease HIF‐1α expression. Correspondingly, more Pt can catalyze tumor‐overexpressed H2O2 to produce oxygen to further cause hypoxia “unlocking,” ultimately achieving boosted ZnPc‐based photodynamic therapy in vivo (tumor inhibition rate: 99.1%). Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is efficiently reversed and the therapeutic effect of anti‐PD‐L1‐based immunotherapy is promoted by this newly designed nanomedicine. This dual “unlocking” strategy provides an innovative paradigm on simultaneously enhancing nanomedicine delivery efficacy and hypoxia relief for tumor therapy.
Local Characterization of Field Emission Properties of Graphene Flowers
Authors: Giubileo Filippo , Capista Daniele , Faella Enver , Pelella Aniello , Kim Woo Young , Benassi Paola , Passacantando Maurizio , Di Bartolomeo Antonio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn experimental study about field emission properties of commercially available graphene flowers cloth is reported. Material characterization by means of X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy confirms the formation of high quality vertical few‐layers graphene nanosheets. A tip‐anode setup is exploited in which nanomanipulated tungsten tip is used as the anode at controlled distance from the emitter in order to reduce the effective emitting area below 1 µm2, giving access to local characterization. A turn‐on field as low as 0.07 V nm−1 and field enhancement factor up to 32 for very small cathode–anode separation distances is demonstrated, in the range 400–700 nm. It is also shown that the turn‐on field increases for increasing distances, while the field enhancement factor decreases. Finally, time stability of the field emission current is reported, evidencing a reduction of the fluctuations for lower current levels.
Large‐Scale Ultrathin Channel Nanosheet‐Stacked CFET Based on CVD 1L MoS2/WSe2
Authors: Liu Menggan , Niu Jiebin , Yang Guanhua , Chen Kaifei , Lu Wendong , Liao Fuxi , Lu Congyan , Lu Nianduan , Li Ling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanosheet (NS) vertical‐stacked complementary field‐effect transistors (CFETs), where the NS n‐FET and NS p‐FET are vertically stacked and controlled using a common gate, would result in maximum device footprint reduction. However, silicon‐based transistor will become invalid due to mobility degradation and leakage current rising when scaling the thickness of channel and dielectric. Here, it is experimentally demonstrated that CFET can scaling down to 1 nm channel thickness with excellent performance, where chemical vapor deposition (CVD) one layer (1L) WSe2p‐type NS FET is vertically stacked on top of CVD 1L MoS2n‐type NS FET. Bottom MoS2NS FET achieves high on‐state current ofION = 3.3 × 10−5A µm µm−1and low off‐state current ofIOFF = 3.3 × 10−13A µm µm−1atVDS = 0.7 V, with the subthreshold swing reaching 80 mV dec−1. Top WSe2NS FET achieves high on‐state current ofION = 1.2 × 10−5A µm µm−1andIOFF = 4 × 10−11A µm µm−1atVDS = −0.7 V, while the subthreshold swing reaching 150 mV dec−1. Statistical data of 22 CFET devices demonstrate excellent uniformity toward large‐area applications. The CFET based on large‐scale 2D materials breaks the limit of channel scaling and provides a technological base for future high‐performance and low‐power electronics.
Nonvolatile Electrochemical Random‐Access Memory under Short Circuit
Authors: Kim Diana S. , Watkins Virgil J. , Cline Laszlo A. , Li Jingxian , Sun Kai , Sugar Joshua D. , Fuller Elliot J. , Talin A. Alec , Li Yiyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrochemical random‐access memory (ECRAM) is a recently developed and highly promising analog resistive memory element for in‐memory computing. One longstanding challenge of ECRAM is attaining retention time beyond a few hours. This short retention has precluded ECRAM from being considered for inference classification in deep neural networks, which is likely the largest opportunity for in‐memory computing. In this work, an ECRAM cell with orders of magnitude longer retention than previously achieved is developed, and which is anticipated to exceed ten years at 85 °C. This study hypothesizes that the origin of this exceptional retention is phase separation, which enables the formation of multiple effectively equilibrium resistance states. This work highlights the promises and opportunities to use phase separation to yield ECRAM cells with exceptionally long, and potentially permanent, retention times.
Synthesis of Fully Substituted Sumanenes at the Aromatic Periphery through Hexabromomethylation
Authors: Nakazawa Hironobu , Uetake Yuta , Yakiyama Yumi , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract2,3,5,6,8,9‐Hexakis(bromomethyl)sumanene, a hexa‐substituted sumanene with bromomethyl groups at the peripheral aromatic carbons, was successfully synthesized in 97% yield with a one‐step reaction. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis showed a formation of a dimer structure. The nucleophilic substitution afforded the introduction of several substituents. These UV‐vis absorption and emission spectra showed clear redshift compared with pristine sumanene, indicating the extension of the conjugation system of hexa‐substituted sumanenes.