bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent scholarship on classical literature and the eighteenth century
Authors: Calvert Ian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article provides a survey of the scholarship on classical literature and eighteenth‐century British literary culture that has appeared since 2010. Drawing on general overviews of the period, as well as more specific work on translation and classical reception, it focuses on the following five subject‐areas: non‐elite readers of classical literature; the status of Homeric epic; the relationship between classical literature, Celticism and the Gothic; Horatianism; georgic poetry. The article then addresses the classical authors, texts and genres from outside of these areas which have also recently received scholarly attention, and identifies further topics of enquiry which require examining to provide the fullest picture of the eighteenth century's engagement with the literature of antiquity.
A competition‐attenuation mechanism modulates thermoresponsive growth at warm temperatures in plants
Authors: Li Wei , Tian Ying‐Ying , Li Jin‐Yu , Yuan Li , Zhang Lin‐Lin , Wang Zhi‐Ye , Xu Xiaodong , Davis Seth Jon , Liu Jian‐Xiang 
Published: August 2022

Summary

Global warming has profound impact on growth and development, and plants constantly adjust their internal circadian clock to cope with external environment. However, how clock‐associated genes fine‐tune thermoresponsive growth in plants is little understood.

We found that loss‐of‐function mutation of REVEILLE5 (RVE5) reduces the expression of circadian gene EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4) in Arabidopsis, and confers accelerated hypocotyl growth under warm‐temperature conditions.

Both RVE5 and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) accumulate at warm temperatures and bind to the same EE cis‐element presented on ELF4 promoter, but the transcriptional repression activity of RVE5 is weaker than that of CCA1. The binding of CCA1 to ELF4 promoter is enhanced in the rve5‐2 mutant at warm temperatures, and overexpression of ELF4 in the rve5‐2 mutant background suppresses the rve5‐2 mutant phenotype at warm temperatures.

Therefore, the transcriptional repressor RVE5 finetunes ELF4 expression via competing at a cis‐element with the stronger transcriptional repressor CCA1 at warm temperatures. Such a competition–attenuation mechanism provides a balancing system for modulating the level of ELF4 and thermoresponsive hypocotyl growth under warm‐temperature conditions.
Extended Ischiopubic Fixation Using Porous Metal Augments in Cementless Acetabular Reconstruction during Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Yong , Tang Hao , Zhou Yixin , Shao Hongyi , Yang Dejin , Zhou Baochun 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to introduce the definition, indication, and surgical technique of extended ischiopubic fixation (EIF) and to investigate the early clinical, radiographic results and complications of hips revised with EIF.MethodsPatients who underwent revision THA utilizing the technique of EIF which was defined as securing the porous metal augment >5 mm deep into the ischium and/or pubic ramus to gain adequate mechanical support and fresh host bone for bony ingrowth in a single institution from February 2015 to February 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 30 hips (28 patients) were eligible for the study and were enrolled. Four patients were lost to follow‐up postoperatively. The data of the remaining 24 patients (26 hips) were analyzed. The patients' clinical results were assessed using of the Harris Hip Score and any complications including postoperative periprosthetic joint infection, intraoperative fracture, postoperative periprosthetic fracture, dislocation, nerve palsy, hematoma or wound complication were documented. The radiographic results were assessed with the construct stability, the position of the center of rotation, and cup orientation.ResultsThe median age of these 25 patients was 62.00 (interquartile: 54.25–68.25) years, with a median body mass index (BMI) of 22.60 kg/m2 (interquartile: 21.49–25.12 kg/m2). A total of 12 (48%) patients were female. At a median duration of follow‐up of 49.16 months, 20 (80%) patients rated their satisfaction level as “very satisfied,” five (20%) were “satisfied.” The median HHS improved from 36.00 (interquartile range: 31.25–49.75) preoperatively to 81.00 (interquartile range: 74.75–88.25) at the most recent follow‐up (p < 0.001). No complications such as periprosthetic joint infection, intraoperative fracture, periprosthetic fracture, dislocation, nerve palsy, hematoma, or wound complication were identified. All constructs were considered to have obtained stable fixation. The median vertical and horizontal distance between the latest postoperative centers of rotation to the anatomic center of rotation improved from 13.62 and 8.68 mm preoperatively to 4.42 and 4.19 mm at final follow‐up (p < 0.001).ConclusionsEarly follow‐up of patients reconstructed with porous metal augments using the EIF technique demonstrated satisfactory clinical results with no particular complications, stable fixation, and restoration of the center of rotation.
The fine‐tuning of mycorrhizal pathway in sorghum depends on both nitrogen−phosphorus availability and the identity of the fungal partner
Authors: Raphael Boussageon , Nicolás Marro , Martina Janoušková , Daphnée Brulé , Daniel Wipf , Pierre‐Emmanuel Courty 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSorghum is an important worldwide source of food, feed and fibres. Like most plants, it forms mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but the nutritional basis of mycorrhiza‐responsiveness is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the transcriptional and physiological responses of sorghum to two different AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae, under 16 different conditions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply. Our experiment reveals fine‐scale differences between two AMF species in the nutritional interactions with sorghum plants. Physiological and gene expression patterns (ammonium transporters: AMT; phosphate transporters: PHT) indicate the existence of generalist or specialist mycorrhizal pathway. While R. irregularis switched on the mycorrhizal pathway independently of the plant nutritional status, F. mosseae influenced the mycorrhizal pathway depending on the N‐to‐P plant ratio and soil supply. The differences between both AMF species suggest some AMT and PHT as ideal candidates to develop markers for improving efficiency of nutrient acquisition in sorghum under P and N limitation, and for the selection of plant genotypes.
Effect of community‐based nurse‐led support intervention in the reduction of HbA1c levels
Authors: Li Juan , Yang Fang , Wang Jie , Tao Yanli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effect of community based Nurse‐led support intervention in the reduction of HbA1c levels compared to usual care.Design and methodsA systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted until August 2021 including RCTs to check for a reduction in HbA1c levels in Nurse‐led intervention arm.ResultsTwenty‐one trials involving 4649 diabetic individuals were included in the review. The pooled mean difference in the reduction of HbA1c in the intervention group was found to be ‐0.421 (95% CI: ‐0.59 to ‐0.25).Conclusion and evidenceNurse‐led educational intervention proved beneficial in the control of HbA1c among diabetic individuals.
Singlet Oxygen Quenching by Resveratrol Derivatives†
Authors: Monsour Charlotte G. , Tadle Abegail C. , Tafolla‐Aguirre Bliss J. , Lakshmanan Nidhi , Yoon Jin Hyeok , Sabio Rhemrose B. , Selke Matthias 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTWe investigated the singlet oxygen quenching ability of several derivatives of trans‐resveratrol which have been reported to have significant antioxidant ability, including photoprotective activity. We measured the total rate constants of singlet oxygen removal (kT) by the methylated resveratrol derivative 1,3‐dimethoxy‐5‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene, and the partially methylated resveratrol derivatives 4‐((E)‐2‐(3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl)phenol (pterostilbene), 5‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene‐1,3‐diol and (2R,3R)‐3,5,7‐trihydroxy‐2‐(3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydrochromen‐4‐one (dihydromyricetin). A protic solvent system results in higher kT values, except for the completely methylated derivative. We also investigated the ability of trans‐resveratrol to directly act as a photosensitizer (rather than via secondary photoproducts resulting from other primary photochemical reactions) for the production of singlet oxygen but found that neither resveratrol nor any of its derivatives are able to do so. We then studied the chemical reactions of the methylated derivative with singlet oxygen. The main pathway consists of a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction involving the trans‐double bond and the para‐substituted benzene ring similar to what has been observed for trans‐resveratrol. Unlike trans‐resveratrol, the primary singlet oxygen product undergoes a second [4 + 2] cycloaddition with singlet oxygen leading to the formation of diendoperoxides. A second reactivity pathway for both trans‐resveratrol and the methylated derivative leads to the formation of aldehydes via cleavage of a transient dioxetane.
Financial Sustainability of IoT Platforms: The Role of Quality and Security
Authors: Garg Anurag , Demirezen Emre M , Dogan Kutsal , Cheng Hsing Kenneth 
Published: August 2022

The economic significance of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms is evident from the proliferation of smart home assistant platforms like Amazon Alexa and Google Home that center themselves around providing unique and connected experiences to users. Customers do not perceive these platforms valuable if they do not experience adequate levels of quality and security from both the platform and applications (apps) they use. Therefore, the IoT platform provider as well as app developers need to go beyond collaboration and cocreate quality and security for each app on the platform. In this setting, we study the dynamics of the financial sustainability of the platform provider and app developers and find that the collaborative nature of the IoT platform has a significant role in the behavior and profitability of all parties. Specifically, a neutral entrant to the platform not only increases the effort levels of all existing parties, but also increases the profits due to network effects that are intertwined with economies of scale. We further find that a substantial number of apps are needed in the platform for an economically viable platform and that a less efficient platform leader needs even a larger application base. However, based on the number of apps on the platform and which party is more effective in the collaboration, the platform provider might need to provide additional incentives, or sometimes, extract additional rent from the app developers to financially sustain the platform. Furthermore, we verify our results in the presence of competition or complementarity among apps and further derive additional interesting results and managerial insights. For example, we find that the entry of a competing app may be beneficial for existing apps under some conditions.
The mental health of migrant people: Western medical systems facing a globalized society
Authors: Bova Roberta , Lusardi Roberto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe mental health of migrant populations represents a challenge for the cultural and organizational assumptions of Western welfare systems, and it touches on and problematizes forms of civil coexistence in democratic societies. Starting from scientific literature analysis, the article discusses how the scientific debate is marked by theoretical and methodological characterizations that affect the understanding and representation of the phenomenon and influence the construction and the stability of social and personal identity of migrant people. The prevalence of the refugee and asylum‐seeking population in samples of epidemiological studies and the distorted representation of the actual mental health conditions of the majority of migrants are discussed. Methodological choices, in particular the frequent use of standardized data collection tools and classification systems of medical‐psychiatric derivation, tends to neglect the phenomenological and etiological heterogeneity of the phenomenon.
Simple and accurate transcriptional start site identification using Smar2C2 and examination of conserved promoter features
Authors: Murray Andrew , Mendieta John Pablo , Vollmers Chris , Schmitz Robert J. 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYThe precise and accurate identification and quantification of transcriptional start sites (TSSs) is key to understanding the control of transcription. The core promoter consists of the TSS and proximal non‐coding sequences, which are critical in transcriptional regulation. Therefore, the accurate identification of TSSs is important for understanding the molecular regulation of transcription. Existing protocols for TSS identification are challenging and expensive, leaving high‐quality data available for a small subset of organisms. This sparsity of data impairs study of TSS usage across tissues or in an evolutionary context. To address these shortcomings, we developed Smart‐Seq2 Rolling Circle to Concatemeric Consensus (Smar2C2), which identifies and quantifies TSSs and transcription termination sites. Smar2C2 incorporates unique molecular identifiers that allowed for the identification of as many as 70 million sites, with no known upper limit. We have also generated TSS data sets from as little as 40 pg of total RNA, which was the smallest input tested. In this study, we used Smar2C2 to identify TSSs in Glycine max (soybean), Oryza sativa (rice), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Zea mays (maize) across multiple tissues. This wide panel of plant TSSs facilitated the identification of evolutionarily conserved features, such as novel patterns in the dinucleotides that compose the initiator element (Inr), that correlated with promoter expression levels across all species examined. We also discovered sequence variations in known promoter motifs that are positioned reliably close to the TSS, such as differences in the TATA box and in the Inr that may prove significant to our understanding and control of transcription initiation. Smar2C2 allows for the easy study of these critical sequences, providing a tool to facilitate discovery.
Ischaemic preconditioning blunts exercise‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, speeds oxygen uptake kinetics but does not alter severe‐intensity exercise capacity
Authors: Peden Donald L. , Mitchell Emma A. , Bailey Stephen J. , Ferguson Richard A. 
Published: August 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Ischaemic preconditioning is a novel pre‐exercise priming strategy. We asked whether ischaemic preconditioning would alter mitochondrial respiratory function and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and improve severe‐intensity exercise performance.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Ischaemic preconditioning expedited overall pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and appeared to prevent an increase in leak respiration, proportional to maximal electron transfer system and ADP‐stimulated respiration, that was evoked by severe‐intensity exercise in sham‐control conditions. However, severe‐intensity exercise performance was not improved. The results do not support ischaemic preconditioning as a pre‐exercise strategy to improve exercise performance in recreationally active participants.

AbstractWe examined the effect of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) on severe‐intensity exercise performance, pulmonary oxygen uptake () kinetics, skeletal muscle oxygenation (muscle tissue O2 saturation index) and mitochondrial respiration. Eight men underwent contralateral IPC (4 × 5 min at 220 mmHg) or sham‐control (SHAM; 20 mmHg) before performing a cycling time‐to‐exhaustion test (92% maximum aerobic power). Muscle (vastus lateralis) biopsies were obtained before IPC or SHAM and ∼1.5 min postexercise. The time to exhaustion did not differ between SHAM and IPC (249 ± 37 vs. 240 ± 32 s; P = 0.62). Pre‐ and postexercise ADP‐stimulated (P) and maximal (E) mitochondrial respiration through protein complexes (C) I, II and IV did not differ (P > 0.05). Complex I leak respiration was greater postexercise compared with baseline in SHAM, but not in IPC, when normalized to wet mass (P = 0.01 vs. P = 0.19), mitochondrial content (citrate synthase activity, P = 0.003 vs. P = 0.16; CI+IIP, P = 0.03 vs. P = 0.23) and expressed relative to P (P = 0.006 vs. P = 0.30) and E (P = 0.004 vs. P = 0.26). The mean response time was faster (51.3 ± 15.5 vs. 63.7 ± 14.5 s; P = 0.003), with a smaller slow component (270 ± 105 vs. 377 ± 188 ml min−1; P = 0.03), in IPC compared with SHAM. The muscle tissue O2 saturation index did not differ between trials (P > 0.05). Ischaemic preconditioning expedited kinetics and appeared to prevent an increase in leak respiration through CI, when expressed proportional to E and P evoked by severe‐intensity exercise, but did not improve exercise performance.
Fibre type‐ and localisation‐specific muscle glycogen utilisation during repeated high‐intensity intermittent exercise
Authors: Vigh‐Larsen Jeppe F. , Ørtenblad Niels , Emil Andersen Ole , Thorsteinsson Hallur , Kristiansen Thea H. , Bilde Stine , Mikkelsen Mads S. , Nielsen Joachim , Mohr Magni , Overgaard Kristian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlycogen particles are situated in key areas of the muscle cell in the vicinity of the main energy‐consumption sites and may be utilised heterogeneously dependent on the nature of the metabolic demands. The present study aimed to investigate the time course of fibre type‐specific utilisation of muscle glycogen in three distinct subcellular fractions (intermyofibrillar, IMF; intramyofibrillar, Intra; and subsarcolemmal, SS) during repeated high‐intensity intermittent exercise. Eighteen moderately to well‐trained male participants performed three periods of 10 × 45 s cycling at ∼105% watt max (EX1–EX3) coupled with 5 × 6 s maximal sprints at baseline and after each period. Muscle biopsies were sampled at baseline and after EX1 and EX3. A higher glycogen breakdown rate in type 2 compared to type 1 fibres was found during EX1 for the Intra (−72 vs. −45%) and IMF (−59 vs. −35%) glycogen fractions (P < 0.001) but with no differences for SS glycogen (−52 vs. −40%). In contrast, no fibre type differences were observed during EX2–EX3, where the utilisation of Intra and IMF glycogen in type 2 fibres was reduced, resulting in depletion of all three subcellular fractions to very low levels post‐exercise within both fibre types. Importantly, large heterogeneity in single‐fibre glycogen utilisation was present with an early depletion of especially Intra glycogen in individual type 2 fibres. In conclusion, there is a clear fibre type‐ and localisation‐specific glycogen utilisation during high‐intensity intermittent exercise, which varies with time course of exercise and is characterised by exacerbated pool‐specific glycogen depletion at the single‐fibre level.
imageKey points
Muscle glycogen is the major fuel during high‐intensity exercise and is stored in distinct subcellular areas of the muscle cell in close vicinity to the main energy consumption sites.
In the present study quantitative electron microscopy imaging was used to investigate the utilisation pattern of three distinct subcellular muscle glycogen fractions during repeated high‐intensity intermittent exercise.
It is shown that the utilisation differs dependent on fibre type, subcellular localisation and time course of exercise and with large single‐fibre heterogeneity.
These findings expand on our understanding of subcellular muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise and may help us explain how reductions in muscle glycogen can attenuate muscle function even at only moderately lowered whole‐muscle glycogen concentrations.
Ionic signalling mechanisms involved in neurokinin‐3 receptor‐mediated augmentation of fear‐potentiated startle response in the basolateral amygdala
Authors: Boyle Cody A. , Hu Binqi , Quaintance Kati L. , Mastrud Morgan R. , Lei Saobo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe tachykinin peptides include substance P (SP), neurokinin A and neurokinin B, which interact with three G‐protein‐coupled neurokinin receptors, NK1Rs, NK2Rs and NK3Rs, respectively. Whereas high densities of NK3Rs have been detected in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the functions of NK3Rs in this brain region have not been determined. We found that activation of NK3Rs by application of the selective agonist, senktide, persistently excited BLA principal neurons. NK3R‐elicited excitation of BLA neurons was mediated by activation of a non‐selective cation channel and depression of the inwardly rectifying K+(Kir) channels. With selective channel blockers and knockout mice, we further showed that NK3R activation excited BLA neurons by depressing the G protein‐activated inwardly rectifying K+(GIRK) channels and activating TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. The effects of NK3Rs required the functions of phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), but were independent of intracellular Ca2+release and protein kinase C. PLCβ‐mediated depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate was involved in NK3R‐induced excitation of BLA neurons. Microinjection of senktide into the BLA of rats augmented fear‐potentiated startle (FPS) and this effect was blocked by prior injection of the selective NK3R antagonist SB 218795, suggesting that activation of NK3Rs in the BLA increased FPS. We further showed that TRPC4/5 and GIRK channels were involved in NK3R‐elicited facilitation of FPS. Our results provide a cellular and molecular mechanism whereby NK3R activation excites BLA neurons and enhances FPS.imageKey pointsActivation of NK3 receptors (NK3Rs) facilitates the excitability of principal neurons in rat basolateral amygdala (BLA).NK3R‐induced excitation is mediated by inhibition of GIRK channels and activation of TRPC4/5 channels.Phospholipase Cβ and depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate are necessary for NK3R‐mediated excitation of BLA principal neurons.Activation of NK3Rs in the BLA facilitates fear‐potentiated startle response.GIRK channels and TRPC4/5 channels are involved in NK3R‐mediated augmentation of fear‐potentiated startle.
Sensory Gating in TAAR1 Knockout Mice
Authors: Aleksandrov A. A. , Dmitrieva E. S. , Knyazeva V. M. , Simon Y. A. , Polyakova N. V. , Stankevich L. N. , Aleksandrov A. Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Trace amines (TA) are a family of endogenous compounds structurally
similar to classical biogenic amines that may be involved in the
pathogenesis of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the
most studied and perspective member of the TA associated receptors (TAARs)
family is the TAAR1. The aim of the present study was to investigate
the sensory gating (SG) in freely moving TAAR1 knockout mice in
a chronic experiment. The study of SG was conducted in the paired-click
paradigm. The SG indices were calculated as an absolute value by subtracting
the second stimulus response amplitude from the first stimulus response
amplitude (S1–S2) and as a relative value calculated by dividing
the S2 amplitude by the response amplitude on S1 (S2/S1). As a result,
a significant decrease in the amplitude of the N40 component was
found in TAAR1 knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. In addition,
the absolute value of sensory gating calculated by the S1–S2 method
was also reduced, but the relative value of sensory gating denoted
as S1/S2 ratio remained unchanged. Thus, the data obtained indicate
the involvement of TAAR1 in the generation of auditory evoked potentials
and the potential involvement of the trace amine system in the dosing
and filtering of sensory information.