bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipidomic Analysis Reveals the Protection Mechanism of GLP-1 Analogue Dulaglutide on High-Fat Diet-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice
Authors: Yeung Martin Ho Yin , Leung Ka Long , Choi Lai Yuen , Yoo Jung Sun , Yung Susan , So Pui-Kin , Wong Chi-Ming 
Published: March 2022

Many clinical studies have suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have renoprotective properties by ameliorating albuminuria and increasing glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) by lowering ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidney. However, the mechanism of GLP-1RAs was hitherto unknown. Here, we conducted an unbiased lipidomic analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to reveal the changes of lipid composition and distribution in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed mice after treatment with a long-acting GLP-1RA dulaglutide for 4 weeks. Treatment of dulaglutide dramatically improved hyperglycemia and albuminuria, but there was no substantial improvement in dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidney as compared with controls. Intriguingly, treatment of dulaglutide increases the level of an essential phospholipid constituent of inner mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin at the cortex region of the kidneys by inducing the expression of key cardiolipin biosynthesis enzymes. Previous studies demonstrated that lowered renal cardiolipin level impairs kidney function via mitochondrial damage. Our untargeted lipidomic analysis presents evidence for a new mechanism of how GLP-1RAs stimulate mitochondrial bioenergetics via increasing cardiolipin level and provides new insights into the therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs in mitochondrial-related diseases.
Efficacy and Safety of Ojeok-San Plus Saengmaek-San for Gastroesophageal Reflux-Induced Chronic Cough: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lyu Yee Ran , Kim Kwan-Il , Yang Changsop , Jung So-Young , Kwon O Jin , Jung Hee-Jae , Lee Jun-Hwan , Lee Beom-Joon 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC) is one of the most common etiologies of chronic cough. Despite the growing prevalence and interest in GERC, no effective treatment is currently available. In our study, we used a combination of herbal medicines, Ojeok-san (OJS) plus Saengmaek-san (SMS), for the treatment of GERC.Methods: We conducted a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, single-center clinical trial to assess the feasibility of our study protocol, as our study is the first herbal medicine trial for GERC. All enrolled participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio and were administered trial drugs three times a day for 6 weeks, with an evaluation visit performed every 2 weeks for their efficacy and safety assessment until the follow-up visit (week 8). We evaluated the severity and frequency of cough, cough-specific quality of life, airway hypersensitivity, and reflux-related gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as pattern identification, to investigate the complex mechanisms of reflux cough syndrome.Results: A total of 30 participants were enrolled, and 25 completed the study at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from 26 December 2018 to 31 May 2021. OJS plus SMS significantly improved the cough diary score (CDS), cough visual analog scale, Korean version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire, Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire, and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale after the treatment compared to the baseline. Notably, OJS plus SMS showed significant efficacy in the daytime and total CDS compared with the placebo. Only one adverse event was observed during the trial, and no serious adverse events occurred. Additionally, we achieved successful results in feasibility outcomes by exceeding the ratio of 80%.Conclusion: We confirmed the feasibility of our trial design and demonstrated the potential of OJS plus SMS in relieving the severity of cough and GI symptoms in GERC patients with safe and successful feasibility results. We anticipate that our study results will be used as the basis for further large-scale, well-designed, confirmatory trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OJS plus SMS in GERC.Clinical Trial Registration: [https://cris.nih.go.kr], identifier WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinical Research Information Service [KCT0003115].
CCL5 Suppresses Klotho Expression via p-STAT3/DNA Methyltransferase1-Mediated Promoter Hypermethylation
Authors: Liu QiFeng , Li ShaSha , Yu LiXia , Yin XiaoYa , Liu Xi , Ye JianMing , Lu GuoYuan 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundEnhanced inflammation and reduced Klotho are common features in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation induces DNA hypermethylation. This study assessed the performance of inflammatory marker C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) in epigenetic regulation of Klotho expression.MethodsFifty CKD patients and 25 matched controls were enrolled, and serum CCL5 level, sKlotho level, and DNA methylation were evaluated in these subjects. A renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) model with CKD was induced in mice via unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in vivo and human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells treated with CCL5 in vitro. 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor was given to UUO mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome staining were adopted to evaluate renal pathological changes. Methylation-specific PCR was performed to assess DNA methylation of Klotho promoter in the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) from CKD patients and obstructive kidney from UUO mice. CCL5, Klotho, and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) were determined by ELISAs, immunofluorescence, or western blotting. HK-2 cells were exposed to CCL5 with or without 5-Aza and stattic, a p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, and expressions of p-STAT3, DNMT1, and Klotho were determined by western blotting.ResultsCCL5 upregulation concomitant with Klotho downregulation in serum and global DNA methylation in PBLs were observed in CKD samples. UUO contributed to severe renal interstitial fibrosis and enhanced expressions of fibrotic markers. Moreover, UUO increased the CCL5 level, induced Klotho promoter methylation, suppressed Klotho level, activated p-STAT3 signaling, and upregulated DNMT1 level. A similar observation was made in HK-2 cells treated with CCL5. More importantly, 5-Aza inhibited UUO-induced Klotho hypermethylation, reversed Klotho, downregulated p-STAT3 expressions, and ameliorated RIF in vivo. The consistent findings in vitro were also obtained in HK-2 cells exposed to 5-Aza and stattic.ConclusionThe CCL5/p-STAT3/DNMT1 axis is implicated in epigenetic regulation of Klotho expression in CKD. This study provides novel therapeutic possibilities for reversal of Klotho suppression by CKD.
Mutualism between Gut-Borne Yeasts and Their Host, Thaumatotibia leucotreta, and Potential Usefulness in Pest Management
Authors: van der Merwe Marcel , Jukes Michael D. , Knox Caroline , Moore Sean D. , Hill Martin P. 
Published: March 2022

Thaumatotibia leucotreta is endemic to southern Africa and is highly significant for various fruit industries, including the South African citrus industry, due to its classification as a phytosanitary pest. Mutualistic associations between C. pomonella, closely related to T. leucotreta, and yeasts have previously been described and reported to reduce larval mortality and enhance larval development. Here, we determined which yeast species occur naturally in the gut of T. leucotreta larvae and investigated whether any of the isolated yeast species affect their behaviour and development. Navel oranges infested with T. leucotreta larvae were collected from geographically distinct provinces in South Africa, and the larvae were processed for analysis of naturally occurring associated yeasts. Six yeast species were isolated and identified from the guts of these T. leucotreta larvae via PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA and D1/D2 domain of large ribosomal subunit. Larval development and attraction assays were conducted, and T. leucotreta larvae that fed on Navel oranges inoculated with yeast had accelerated developmental periods and reduced mortality rates. Neonate T. leucotreta were also attracted to YPD broth cultures inoculated with yeast for feeding. Oviposition preference assays were conducted with adult T. leucotreta females. Navel oranges inoculated with yeast were shown to influence the oviposition preference of adult females. Yeasts harbour the potential for use in biocontrol, especially when combined with other well-established control methods. This study provides a platform for future research into incorporating yeast with current biological control agents as a novel option for controlling T. leucotreta in the field.
Host-Species Variation and Environment Influence Endophyte Symbiosis and Mycotoxin Levels in Chinese Oxytropis Species
Authors: Guo Chenchen , Zhang Li , Zhao Qianqian , Beckmann Manfred , Phillips Helen , Meng Huizhen , Mo Chonghui , Mur Luis A. J. , He Wei 
Published: March 2022

Oxytropis plants are widely distributed in the grasslands in northern China. Some Oxytropis species have been reported to contain the mycotoxin swainsonine, an alkaloid which causes poisoning in livestock, referred to as locoism. Previous studies showed that endophytic fungi (Alternaria oxytropis) symbiotically associate with these Oxytropis species to produce swainsonine. However, the influence of variation within the Oxytropis genus on the fixation or loss of symbiosis and toxicity is poorly understood, as is the influence of environmental factors. Here we used a collection of 17 common Oxytropis species sampled in northern China to assess genetic diversity using genotyping by sequencing which was compared with the levels of the endophyte and swainsonine. Results showed that nine Oxytropis species have detectable A. oxytropis colonisation, and seven Oxytropis species contain sufficient swainsonine to be considered poisonous, whereas the rest may be non-toxic. Species variation rather than the genetic lineage was associated with the fixation or loss of endophyte and swainsonine production, which appears to have resulted from genetic drift. Genotype × Environment (G × E) effects were also found to influence endophyte and swainsonine levels amongst species of the Oxytropis genus. Our study will provide a better understanding about the evolutionary basis of A. oxytropis symbiosis and swainsonine biosynthesis in locoweeds.
Analysis of The Effect of Non-Cash Payments, Interest Rate, and The Amount of The Money Circulation on Inflation in Indonesia
Authors: Putri Ananda , Safuridar Safuridar , Amilia Suri , Asnidar Asnidar 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine how the partial and simultaneous influence of non-cash payments, interest rates and the money supply on inflation in Indonesia. This research was carried out from January 2021 to June 2021. The type of research data is quantitative. The independent variables in this study are non-cash payments (X1), interest rates (X2), and the money supply (X3) while the dependent variable is inflation (Y) with the object of research in Indonesia. Sources of data were collected in the form of secondary data for the 2009-2019 time series obtained from Bank Indonesia and the Central Statistics Agency. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression and classical assumption test. The results of the study partially state that non-cash payments and the money supply do not affect inflation, while interest rates have a significant effect on inflation in Indonesia. Simultaneously non-cash payments, interest rates and the money supply have a significant effect on inflation in Indonesia. ScoreR square is 0.4670 or 46.70%, meaning that the variables of e-money, interest rates, and the money supply affect inflation in Indonesia by 46.70%, while the remaining 53.30% is influenced by other factors outside the study.
Diseño para la implementación de planta de transformación de verduras y hortalizas
Authors: Salinas-Jaramillo María Cristina , Cevallos-Jiménez Patricio Fernando 
Published: March 2022

Estudios han demostrado que la disponibilidad de alimentos, el acceso a ellos y un consumo apropiado de productos nutricionalmente adecuados constituyen pilares fundamentales para conservar una buena salud y hacen parte de la seguridad alimentaria. El objetivo de esta investigación es proponer el diseño e implementación de una planta de trasformación de verduras y hortalizas en la parroquia Sinaí, que permita aprovechar los excedentes de la producción agrícola, brindándoles un valor agregado que facilite su comercialización buscando mejorar la economía del sector. Se trabajó con una investigación descriptiva. Los resultados se obtuvieron a partir de encuestas aplicadas a la población de la ciudad de Macas, por lo tanto, se pudo analizar que esta parroquia no posee una comercialización eficiente referente al sector agrario y necesita implementar una planta que posibilite la correcta trasformación y promoción de productos.
Efek Hepatotoksisitas Tanaman Obat
Authors: Fatti Vally T. T. , Lintong Poppy M. , Sambuaga Maria K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The utilization of medicinal plants in Indonesia has been going on for generations even before modern medicine began to be marketed. Although its properties are widely known, but certain medicinal plants can give toxic effects to the liver. This study was aimed to re-evaluate the hepatotoxic effects of medicinal plants and changes in liver morphology. This was a literature review study using databases of Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The results obtained five medicinal plants that had hepatotoxic effects. Areca catechu showed morphological changes in the form of hemorrhagic, sinusoid dilation, lobular inflammation, lobular disarray, necrosis, interface hepatitis, microsteatosis, hepatocellular cholestasis, and steatosis. Myrmecodia pendans showed the presence of fat degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Annona muricata indicated the presence of hepatocyte swelling. Gynura divaricata showed increases of SGOT and SGPT levels. Vernonia amygdalina Del showed the presence of cellular degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes. In conclusion, the most diverse morphological changes of liver are caused by Areca catechu along with large dose consumption meanwhile the most minimal morphological changes of the liver are caused by Annona muricata.Keywords: herbal medicine; hepatotoxic effect Abstrak: Pemanfaatan tanaman obat di Indonesia telah berlangsung selama turun-temurun bahkan sebelum obat modern mulai dipasarkan. Meskipun khasiatnya telah banyak diketahui, namun tanaman obat tertentu dapat memberikan efek toksik pada hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kembali efek hepatotoksik tanaman obat dan perubahan morfologik hati. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review, menggunakan database Pubmed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan lima jenis tanaman obat yang bersifat hepatotoksik. Areca catechu menunjukkan adanya perubahan morfologik berupa perdarahan, dilatasi sinusoid, inflamasi lobular, lobular disarray, nekrosis, interface hepatitis, mikrosteatosis, kolestasis hepatoseluler, dan steatosis. Myrmecodia pendans menunjukkan adanya degenerasi lemak, nekrosis, dan infiltrasi sel radang. Annona muricata menunjukkan adanya pembengkakan hepatosit. Gynura divaricata menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kadar SGOT dan SGPT. Vernonia amygdalina Del menunjukkan adanya degenerasi dan nekrosis hepatosit. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah perubahan morfologik hati yang paling beragam disebabkan oleh Areca catechu seiring dengan besar dosis yang dikonsumsi sedangkan perubahan morfologik hati yang paling minimal disebabkan oleh Annona muricata.Kata kunci: tanaman obat; efek hepatotoksik
Peran Terlipressin pada Penyakit Hati Kronik
Authors: Andrea Decky , Rotty Luciana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Chronic liver disease is a progressive impairment of liver function. It is caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver, viral infection of the liver, excessive alcohol consumption, metabolic diseases such as galactosemia, autoimmune disease, and the influence of chemicals. Complications that are often found are esophageal variceal bleeding, hepatorenal syndrome, and refractory ascites. Terlipressin, which is a vasopressin analogue, is currently widely used in developed countries because it has been shown to improve survival of patients with esophageal varices, hepatorenal syndrome, and refractory ascites. Terlipressin is the current standard therapy for esophageal variceal bleeding in countries where it is available.Keywords: chronic liver disease; terlipressin Abstrak: Penyakit hati kronis (PHK) adalah gangguan fungsi hati yang terjadi secara progresif. Peyakit hati kronis di sebabkan oleh non-alcoholic fatty liver, infeksi virus pada hati, konsumsi alkohol berlebihan, peyakit metabolik seperti galaktosemia, penyakit autoimun, dan pengaruh bahan kimia. Komplikasi yang sering ditemukan pada PHK ialah perdarahan varises esofagus, sindrom hepatorenal, dan asites refrakter. Terlipressin yang merupakan analog vasopressin saat ini banyak di pakai di negara maju karena terbukti dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup pasien perdarahan varises esofagus, sindrom hepatorenal, dan asites refrakter. Dewasa ini terlipressin telah menjadi terapi standar perdarahan varises esofagus di negara-negara di mana obat ini tersedia.Kata kunci: penyakit hati kronik; terlipressin
Kandungan dan Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Rumput Laut Merah
Authors: Loho Rafaela E. M. , Tiho Murniati , Assa Youla A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The imbalance between free radicals and endogenous antioxidants produced by the body can cause cell damage resulting in various diseases such as cancer, heart disease, cataracts, premature aging, and other degenerative diseases. Antioxidants that can capture and neutralize free radicals are needed to cease further reactions causing oxidative stress. Therefore, the consumption of natural antioxidants which are abundant in plants needs to be increased. Red seaweed, known as red algae, has a lot of biological activity compared to other types of seaweed. This study was aimed to determine the content and antioxidant activity of red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii). This was a literature review study using three databases: Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The keywords used were Antioxidant AND Rhodophyta AND Gracilaria sp AND Eucheuma Cottonii. After screening and feasibility assessed we obtained 10 journals using experimental method to evaluate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of Gracilaria sp. and Eucheuma cottonii. The results showed that red seaweed contained antioxidant compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids that had high antioxidant activity. In conclusion, red seaweed contains compounds with high antioxidant activity such as phenolics and flavonoids. Keywords: antioxidant; red seaweed; phenolic; flavonoid Abstrak: Ketidakseimbangan jumlah radikal bebas dengan jumlah antioksidan endogen yang diproduksi tubuh dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan sel yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit seperti kanker, jantung, katarak, penuaan dini, serta penyakit degeneratif lainnya. Tubuh memerlukan asupan senyawa antioksidan yang mampu menangkap dan menetralisir radikal bebas tersebut, sehingga reaksi lanjutan yang menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif dapat berhenti. Konsumsi antioksidan alami yang banyak terkandung pada tumbuhan perlu ditingkatkan. Rumput laut merah yang dikenal sebagai alga merah merupakan jenis rumput laut yang banyak memiliki aktivitas biologi dibandingkan dengan jenis rumput laut lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kandungan dan aktivitas antioksidan pada rumput laut merah (Eucheuma cottonii). Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan 3 database yaitu PubMed, ClinicalKey dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan ialah Antioksidan AND Rhodophyta AND Gracilaria sp AND Eucheuma Cottonii. Setelah skrining serta uji kelayakan didapatkan 10 jurnal dengan metode penelitian eksperimental yang menguji kandungan total fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan pada Gracilaria sp. dan Eucheuma cottonii. Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya senyawa yang berperan sebagai antioksidan seperti fenolik dan flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tinggi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah rumput laut merah mengandung senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi seperti fenolik dan flavonoid.Kata kunci: antioksidan; rumput laut merah; fenolik; flavonoid
Homicide Cases During COVID-19 Pandemic at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, in the Period between March 2020 and February 2021
Authors: Suwontopo Jennifer T. , Mallo Nola T. S, , Kristanto Erwin G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: There are various cases of problems in the legal field; one of which is homicide. This study aimed to find out whether there was a difference in the number of homicides before the COVID-19 pandemic compared to during the COVID-19 pandemic at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a retrospective and descriptive study by reviewing the Visum et Repertum (VeR) data recorded at the Forensic Section of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou, Manado. Variables were type of violence, sex of victim, age group of victim, cause of death, and date of examination. The results showed that the number of homicides were 17 cases in the 2018 - 2019 period and seven cases during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to February 2021 at Prof Dr. R. D Kandou, Manado, which indicated a decrease of 41%. Male was the dominant sex of victims. Group of teenagers aged 17-25 years, early adulthood 26-35 years old, and late adult group 36-45 years old had the same number of cases; each of two cases. The most common cause of death was sharp violence. In conclusion, there is a decrease of homicide cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most cases were male with sharp violence as the cause of death.Keywords: homicide case; COVID-19 Abstrak: Terdapat berbagai macam kasus permasalahan yang terjadi di dalam bidang hukum, salah satunya yaitu kasus pembunuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan jumlah kasus pembunuhan sebelum pandemi COVID-19 dibandingkan pada era pandemi COVID-19 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan melakukan peninjauan data Visum et Repertum (VeR) yang tercatat di Bagian Forensik RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan yaitu: jenis kekerasan, jenis kelamin korban, kelompok usia korban, sebab kematian, tanggal pemeriksaan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan angka kasus pembunuhan pada era pandemi COVID-19 periode Maret 2020-Februari 2021 di RSUP Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado mengalami penurunan sebesar 41%, yaitu dari 17 kasus pada periode 2018-2019 menjadi tujuh kasus selama pandemi COVID-19 pada periode Maret 2020-Februari 2021 yang dilakukan autopsi; terbanyak didapatkan pada bulan Juli 2020, dengan jenis kelamin korban yang terbanyak yaitu laki-laki. Berdasarkan usia, kelompok usia remaja berusia 17-25 tahun, kelompok dewasa awal 26-35 tahun, kelompok dewasa akhir berusia 36-45 tahun, masing-masing berjumlah dua kasus dengan sebab kematian berupa kekerasan tajam. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat penurunan jumlah kasus pembunuhan pada era pandemi COVID-19 dibandingkan sebelum pandemi. Korban terbanyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki, dengan sebab kematian berupa kekerasan tajamKata kunci: kasus pembunuhan; COVID-19