bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-episode psychotic disorders in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive review of casereports
Authors: Rittmannsberger Hans , Barth Martin , Malik Peter , Malsiner-Walli Gertraud , Yazdi Kurosch 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, many case reports and case series dealt with new-onset psychotic disorders in patients either infected withSARS-CoV-2 or thematically linked to the pandemic, but without an infection.Our aim was to provide a comprehensive collection of these reports to illustrate the nature of these psychoses.Methods:We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, using search terms regarding first-episode psychotic disorders in the context of corona.Results:96 case reports or case series covering 146 patients (62 without and 84 with SARS-CoV-2 infection) were found. Compared to patients without infection, patients with infection showed significantly more often visual hallucinations (28.6% vs 8.1%), confusion (36.9% vs 11.3%), an acute onset of illness (88.5% vs 59.6%) and less often depression (13.1% vs 35.5%) and a delusional content related to the pandemic (29.5% vs 78.3%). Both groups had an equally favourable outcome with a duration of psychosis ≤2 weeks in half and full remission in two-thirds of patients. In patients with infection, signs of inflammation were reported in 78.3% and increased CRP in 58.6%. While reports on patients with infection are continuously published, no report about patients without infection was found after July 2020.Conclusion:Cases without infection were considered reactive and originated all from the first wave of the corona pandemic. In cases with infection, inflammation was considered as the main pathogenetic factor but was not found in all patients. Diagnosis was impeded by the overlap of psychosis with delirium.
Hypotrachyna neohorrescens, a new species in the subgenusParmelinopsis(Parmeliaceae) from Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Andressa S. , da Costa Priscila C. , Lorenz Aline P. , Jungbluth Patrícia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study describes a new species ofHypotrachynasubgenusParmelinopsisfrom the south-eastern Cerrado (Brazilian savannah), a biodiversity hotspot. The species is especially common in open vegetation, including urban environments.Hypotrachyna neohorrescenssp. nov. is morphologically and chemically similar toH. horrescens. Nevertheless, phylogenetic analyses of the nuITS and mtSSU regions revealed thatH. neohorrescensis a distinct species and closely related to the North AmericanH. mcmulliniana, differing by the size of the laciniae and ascospores.
A distinctive profile of family genetic risk scores in a Swedish national sample of cases of fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome compared to rheumatoid arthritis and major depression
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Rosmalen Judith G.M. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFunctional somatic disorders (FSD) feature medical symptoms of unclear etiology. Attempts to clarify their origin have been hampered by a lack of rigorous research designs. We sought to clarify the etiology of the FSD by examining the genetic risk patterns for FSD and other related disorders.MethodsThis study was performed in 5 829 186 individuals from Swedish national registers. We quantified familial genetic risk for FSD, internalizing disorders, and somatic disorders in cases of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), fibromyalgia (FM), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), using a novel method based on aggregate risk in first to fifth degree relatives, adjusting for cohabitation. We compared these profiles with those of a prototypic internalizing psychiatric – major depression (MD) – and a somatic/autoimmune disorder: rheumatoid arthritis (RA).ResultsPatients with FM carry substantial genetic risks not only for FM, but also for pain syndromes and internalizing, autoimmune and sleep disorders. The genetic risk profiles for IBS and CFS are also widely distributed although with lower average risks. By contrast, genetic risk profiles of MD and RA are much more restricted to related conditions.ConclusionPatients with FM have a relatively unique family genetic risk score profile with elevated genetic risk across a range of disorders that differs markedly from the profiles of a classic autoimmune disorder (RA) and internalizing disorder (MD). A similar less marked pattern of genetic risks was seen for IBS and CFS. FSD arise from a distinctive pattern of genetic liability for a diversity of psychiatric, autoimmune, pain, sleep, and functional somatic disorders.
Why does the shtyle spread? Street prestige boosts the diffusion of urban vernacular features
Authors: Grondelaers Stefan , Marzo Stefania 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate social meaning as a determinant of linguistic diffusion by confronting laboratory and corpus data of Citétaal, a multi-ethnolect that has spread across Flanders. In a speaker evaluation experiment, we found that Citétaal was upgraded on ‘streetwise dynamism’, even by respondents unfamiliar with its migrant origin. From this, we conclude that it is Citétaal's third-order indexicality, pruned of ethnic associations, which carries the diffusion. To determine the relative importance of streetwise cool vis-à-vis other predictors, we studied the diffusion across Twitter of the principal Citétaal shibboleth (/s/ palatalisation). As a production proxy for streetwise cool, we included expressive compensation strategies such as lengthening (verrry), which turned out to be among the main predictors of the Citétaal form. We argue that social meaning is a major change determinant, and that Twitter is the optimum source to track both a diffusion and the factors, including social meaning, which drive it. (Rapid linguistic diffusion, social meaning, streetwise prestige, speaker evaluation experiment, corpus linguistics, Twitter)*
Mouse embryonic stem cells maintain differentiation potency into somatic lineage despite alternation of ploidy
Authors: Imai Hiroyuki , Fujii Wataru , Kusakabe Ken Takeshi , Kiso Yasuo , Kano Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2022

SummaryVertebrates, including mammals, are considered to have evolved by whole genome duplications. Although some fish have been reported to be polyploids that have undergone additional genome duplication, there have been no reports of polyploid mammals due to abnormal development after implantation. Furthermore, as the number of physiologically existing tetraploid somatic cells is small, details of the functions of these ploidy-altered cells are not fully understood. In this present study, we aimed to clarify the details of the differentiation potency of tetraploids using tetraploid embryonic stem cells. To clarify the differentiation potency, we used mouse tetraploid embryonic stem cells derived from tetraploid embryos. We presented tetraploid embryonic stem cells differentiated into neural and osteocyte lineage in vitro and tetraploid cells that contributed to various tissues of chimeric embryos ubiquitously in vivo. These results revealed that mouse embryonic stem cells maintain differentiation potency after altering the ploidy. Our results provide an important basis for the differentiation dynamics of germ layers in mammalian polyploid embryogenesis.
Comparison of pregnancy rate in dromedary camel between early-stage embryos and blastocyst transfer produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer using in vitro-matured oocytes
Authors: Son Young-Bum , Yu Xianfeng , Jeong Yeon-Ik , Hossein Mohammad Shamim , Olsson P. Olof , Jeong Yeon-Woo , Choi Eun Ji , Tinson Alex H. , Singh Kuhad Kuldip , Rajesh Singh , Noura Al Shamsi , Hwang Woo-Suk 
Published: March 2022

SummaryWe compared the pregnancy and live birth rates following transfer of early-stage embryos or blastocysts produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer using in vitro-matured oocytes. In total 102 ovaries were collected from dromedary camels at a local abattoir; from these 1048 cumulus–oocytes complexes (COCs) were aspirated and cultured for 42 h in a commercial maturation medium. Metaphase II oocytes were subjected to nuclear transfer. Somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryos were cultured in a commercial embryo medium for 2 or 7 days. Next, 71 early-stage embryos were surgically transferred to the left fallopian tube of 28 recipients and 47 blastocysts were transferred to the left uterine horn of 26 recipients. Early pregnancy was detected by serum progesterone (P4), and pregnancy was confirmed using ultrasonography on days 30 and 90 after embryo transfer. Pregnancy rate based on P4 level was 17.86% (5/28) and 11.54% (3/26) for early-stage embryo and blastocyst transfer, respectively. In the early-stage embryo group, out of five recipients, one recipient had lost the pregnancy by the first ultrasonography on day 30; two other recipients aborted at 14 and 24 weeks, and two recipients gave live births. In the blastocyst group, out of three recipients, one lost the pregnancy at an early stage and two recipients gave live births. Therefore, for dromedary camels, we recommend transvaginal blastocyst transfer from the standpoint of the pregnancy and live birth rate, ease of the transfer procedure, and comfort and safety of the recipients.
The expression profile of WNT/β-catanin signalling genes in human oocytes obtained from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients
Authors: Ismail Aya Badeea , Naji Marwan ’Mohammad Saeed’ , Nebih İnci , Tuncel Gulten , Ozbakir Burcu , Temel Sehime Gulsun , Tulay Pinar , Mocan Gamze , Ergoren Mahmut Cerkez 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic hormonal turmoil that is demonstrated in 2.2−27% of women of pre-menopausal age. This disease is a complex multigenic disorder that results from the interaction between excess androgen expression, genetic susceptibility and environmental influences. PCOS is associated with 40% of female infertility and endometrial cancer. The WNT/β-catenin signalling transduction pathway regulates aspects of cell proliferation, migration and cell fate determination in the tissue along with early embryonic development and controls the proper activation of the female reproductive system, along with regulating hormonal activity in ovarian granulosa cells. In the current study, we investigated the expression profiles of WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway genes (AXIN2, FZD4, TCF4, WNT3, WNT4, WNT5A, WNT7A, WNT1, APC, GSK3B and β-catenin) in a total of 13 oocyte samples. Seven of these samples were from polycystic women and six were from healthy women. The results of this study displayed the absence of expression of AXIN2, FZD4, TCF4, WNT5A, WNT3, WNT4 and WNT7A genes in ovaries from women with PCOS and from healthy women. While APC and β-catenin expression levels were similar in the oocytes of both patients and controls, conversely, WNT1 and GSK3β genes both showed elevated expression in the oocytes of patients with PCOS, therefore suggesting an association between aberrant expression of WNT1 and GSK3β and the pathogenesis of PCOS. The observations of the current study could be helpful to provide evidence regarding the pathogenesis of PCOS and its treatment.
Retrieval of Tropospheric Water Vapor From Airborne Far‐Infrared Measurements: A Case Study
Authors: Warwick L. , Brindley H. , Di Roma A. , Fox S. , Havemann S. , Murray J. , Oetjen H. , Price H. C. , Schüttemeyer D. , Sgheri L. , Tiddeman D. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe studies undertaken in support of the Far‐infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring mission, European Space Agency's ninth Earth Explorer, designed to investigate whether airborne observations of far‐infrared radiances can provide beneficial information on mid and upper tropospheric water vapor concentrations. Initially we perform a joint temperature and water vapor retrieval and show that the water vapor retrieval exploiting far‐infrared measurements from the Tropospheric Airborne Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TAFTS) shows improvement over the a‐priori Unified Model global forecast when compared to in situ dropsonde measurements. For this case the improvement is particularly noticeable in the mid‐upper troposphere. Equivalent retrievals using mid‐infrared radiances measured by the Airborne Research Interferometer Evaluation System (ARIES) show much reduced performance, with the degrees of freedom for signal (DFS), reduced by a factor of almost 2. Further sensitivity studies show that this advantage is decreased, but still present when the spectral resolution of the TAFTS measurements is reduced to match that of ARIES. The beneficial role of the far infrared for this case is further confirmed by performing water vapor only retrievals using ARIES and TAFTS individually, and then in combination. We find that the combined retrieval has a DFS value of 6.7 for water vapor, marginally larger than that obtained for the TAFTS retrieval and almost twice as large as that obtained for ARIES. These results provide observational support of theoretical studies highlighting the potential improvement that far‐infrared observations could bring for the retrieval of tropospheric water vapor.
Insights Into Magma Storage Beneath a Frequently Erupting Arc Volcano (Villarrica, Chile) From Unsupervised Machine Learning Analysis of Mineral Compositions
Authors: Boschetty Felix O. , Ferguson David J. , Cortés Joaquín A. , Morgado Eduardo , Ebmeier Susanna K. , Morgan Daniel J. , Romero Jorge E. , Silva Parejas Carolina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA key method to investigate magma dynamics is the analysis of the crystal cargoes carried by erupted magmas. These cargoes may comprise crystals that crystallize in different parts of the magmatic system (throughout the crust) and/or at different times. While an individual eruption likely provides a partial view of the subvolcanic plumbing system, compiling data from multiple eruptions can build a picture of a whole magmatic system. In this study, we use machine learning techniques to analyze a large (>2,000) compilation of mineral compositions from a highly active arc volcano: Villarrica, Chile. Villarrica's postglacial eruptive activity (14 ka–present) displays large variation in eruptive style (mafic ignimbrites to Hawaiian style effusive eruptions), yet its eruptive products have a near constant basalt‐basaltic andesite bulk‐rock composition. What therefore, is driving explosive eruptions at Villarrica and can differences in storage dynamics be related to eruptive style? Here, we use a hierarchical cluster analysis to detect previously unseen structure in the composition of olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene crystals erupted at Villarrica, revealing the presence of compositionally distinct clusters within each crystal population. Using rhyolite‐MELTS thermodynamic modeling, we related these clusters to intensive magmatic variables: temperature, pressure, water content, and oxygen fugacity. Our results provide evidence for the existence of multiple discrete (spatial and temporal) magma reservoirs beneath Villarrica where melts differentiate and mix with incoming more primitive magma. The compositional diversity within an erupted crystal cargo strongly correlates with eruptive intensity, and we postulate that mixing between primitive and differentiated magma drives explosive activity at Villarrica.
Atmospheric Forcing of the Pacific Meridional Mode: Tropical Pacific‐Driven Versus Internal Variability
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yu Shi‐Yun , Amaya Dillon J. , Kosaka Yu , Stuecker Malte F. , Yang Jun‐Chao , Lin Xiaopei , Fan Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) impacts tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variations, which in turn affect the PMM through the excited atmospheric teleconnections. Previous studies linked this loop to the tropical Pacific‐excited North Pacific Oscillation (NPO; the second empirical mode of North Pacific sea level pressure variability), while a recent study proposed the linkage to the excited Aleutian low (AL) variability (the first empirical mode). Unraveling their relative importance for the loop is thus crucial for better understanding subtropical‐tropical interactions. Here, using tropical Pacific pacemaker experiments we show that tropical Pacific‐forced AL variability is tied to the loop, while the tropical Pacific‐forced NPO does not effectively induce PMM variability, hence not being in the loop. Our study emphasizes the role of tropical Pacific‐forced AL variability in the PMM‐tropical Pacific interaction, which should be paid more attention in future studies.
Electrical Conductivity of KCl‐H2O Fluids in the Crust and Lithospheric Mantle
Authors: Vlasov K. , Keppler H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvidence from diamond inclusions suggests that KCl‐bearing fluids may be abundant in the subcratonic mantle and these fluids may also cause local anomalies of high electrical conductivity. We therefore measured the electrical conductivity of aqueous fluids containing 6.96, 0.74 and 0.075 wt% KCl using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell to 2.5 GPa and 675°C, and with a piston‐cylinder apparatus to 5 GPa and 900°C. We found that below 550°C, increasing pressure generally decreases solution conductivity, while at higher temperatures the effect is opposite. However, at high pressures, the conductivity of KCl in H2O is smaller than for NaCl, possibly due to a hydration shell collapse. The experimental data are described by two numerical models. The first model (R2 = 0.999), is preferable for crustal conditions: log σ = −2.03 + 25.0 × T−1 + 0.923 × log c + 0.990 × log ρ + log Λ0, where σ is the conductivity in S/m, T is temperature in K, c is KCl concentration in wt%, ρ is the density of pure water (in g/cm3) at given pressure and temperature. Λ0 is the limiting molar conductivity of KCl (in S·cm2·mol−1): Λ0 = 1,377 – 1,082 × ρ + 6,883 × 102 × T−1 – 2,471 × 105 × T−2. The second model (R2 = 0.986), is applicable to the lithospheric mantle: log σ = −1.52 – 357 × T−1 + 0.865 × log c + 1.72 × log ρ + log Λ0, with the same equation for Λ0. The latter model shows that already traces of KCl‐bearing aqueous fluid may account for high conductivity anomalies in the subcratonic mantle.
A Transdiagnostic, Modular Approach to Treating Pica in Young Girl
Authors: Moline Rachel , Thomassin Kristel , Hou Sharon 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Pica is the persistent consumption of nonnutritive, nonfood substances. Despite the multitude of adverse complications associated with this condition, there is no gold standard treatment for pica in youth. This case study offers the first empirical investigation into the implementation of an empirically supported modular, transdiagnostic treatment—the MATCH-ADTC: Modular Approach to Therapy for Children with Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, or Conduct Problems—to treat pica and behavior challenges in a 10-year-old, White girl with Triple X Syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and trauma history. Method: We describe our assessment, formulation, and application of the MATCH program to target pica and behavior problems. Pre- and posttreatment symptom ratings (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL), weekly ratings of pica and behavior problems (Behavior Rating Scale), and client satisfaction with treatment (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire) were collected at pre-, post-, and 6-months after treatment. Results: After 26 sessions, clinically significant improvements were observed in the client’s pica and behavior problems from baseline to posttreatment. Score differences in parent report on the CBCL from pre- to posttreatment indicated decreased levels of symptoms in all subscales reported. Six-month follow-up showed that pica behaviors remained at near-zero rates, and improvements in child behavior were sustained. Conclusions: This case study offers preliminary support for the use of MATCH, a modular, transdiagnostic treatment for treating pica and comorbidities in youth. A detailed treatment approach for clinician use is provided. Implications for Impact Statement This case study offers the first empirical support for a modular and transdiagnostic treatment to treat youth pica and comorbidities. The Modular Approach to Therapy for Children (MATCH) treatment offers a comprehensive program that clinicians can use to tailor treatment. We offer clinicians a treatment plan for youth pica and emphasize the importance of parent involvement in youth treatment.
Origami-inspired folding assembly of dielectric elastomers for programmable soft robots
Authors: Sun Yanhua , Li Dengfeng , Wu Mengge , Yang Yale , Su Jingyou , Wong Tszhung , Xu Kangming , Li Ying , Li Lu , Yu Xinge , Yu Junsheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrigami has become an optimal methodological choice for creating complex three-dimensional (3D) structures and soft robots. The simple and low-cost origami-inspired folding assembly provides a new method for developing 3D soft robots, which is ideal for future intelligent robotic systems. Here, we present a series of materials, structural designs, and fabrication methods for developing independent, electrically controlled origami 3D soft robots for walking and soft manipulators. The 3D soft robots are based on soft actuators, which are multilayer structures with a dielectric elastomer (DE) film as the deformation layer and a laser-cut PET film as the supporting flexible frame. The triangular and rectangular design of the soft actuators allows them to be easily assembled into crawling soft robots and pyramidal- and square-shaped 3D structures. The crawling robot exhibits very stable crawling behaviors and can carry loads while walking. Inspired by origami folding, the pyramidal and square-shaped 3D soft robots exhibit programmable out-of-plane deformations and easy switching between two-dimensional (2D) and 3D structures. The electrically controllable origami deformation allows the 3D soft robots to be used as soft manipulators for grasping and precisely locking 3D objects. This work proves that origami-inspired fold-based assembly of DE actuators is a good reference for the development of soft actuators and future intelligent multifunctional soft robots.
RBMS1 promotes gastric cancer metastasis through autocrine IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling
Authors: Liu Mengyuan , Li Heming , Zhang Huijing , Zhou Huan , Jiao Taiwei , Feng Mingliang , Na Fangjian , Sun Mingjun , Zhao Mingfang , Xue Lei , Xu Lu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetastasis is the most important reason for the poor prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients, and the mechanism urgently needs to be clarified. Here, we explored a prognostic model for the estimation of tumor-associated mortality in GC patients and revealed the RNA-binding protein RBMS1 as a candidate promoter gene for GC metastasis by analyzing GOBO and Oncomine high-throughput sequencing datasets for 408 GC patients. Additionally, RBMS1 was observed with overexpression in 85 GC patient clinical specimens by IHC staining and further be verified its role in GC metastasis via inducing EMT process both in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, we identified that IL-6 was predicted to be one of the most significant upstream cytokines in the RBMS1 overexpression gene set based on the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) algorithm. Most importantly, we also revealed that RBMS1 could promote migration and invasion through IL6 transactivation and JAK2/STAT3 downstream signaling pathway activation by influencing histone modification in the promoter regions after binding with the transcription factor MYC in the HGC-27 and SGC-7901 GC cell lines. Hence, we shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms of RBMS1 in the promotion of GC metastasis, which suggests that RBMS1 may be a potential therapeutic target for GC patients.