bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An FTIR Study of the Electrooxidation of C2 and C3 Alcohols on Carbon‐Supported PdxRhy in Alkaline Medium**
Authors: Moreira Thamyres F. M. , Andrade Adalgisa R. , Boniface Kokoh K. , Morais Cláudia , Napporn Teko W. , Olivi Paulo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe have investigated the promoting effect of Rh addition to Pd‐based materials in the electrooxidation of ethanol and glycerol. Physicochemical characterizations (XRD, EDX, TEM, and XPS) of the PdxRhy/C materials, prepared by bromide anion exchange (BAE), showed that the experimental bimetallic compositions were close to the targeted ones. PdxRhy/C particle sizes ranged from 2.2 to 3.8 nm. The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) on the PdxRhy/C catalysts yielded four times larger carbonate (CO32−) amount. As for the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR), the onset potential on the Pd50Rh50/C catalyst occurred at lower potentials. Chromatographic analysis combined with in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that GOR on the Pd50Rh50/C catalyst selectively and quantitatively produced glycerate and tartronate. The outstanding ability of the Pd50Rh50/C catalyst toward EOR and GOR was correlated to the electronic effect expressed by a negative potential shift (200 mV) and the 47 % alloying degree in the Pd50Rh50/C structure.
Composite bias‐reduced Lp‐quantile‐based estimators of extreme quantiles and expectiles
Authors: Stupfler Gilles , Usseglio‐Carleve Antoine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuantiles are a fundamental concept in extreme value theory. They can be obtained from a minimization framework using an asymmetric absolute error loss criterion. The companion notion of expectiles, based on asymmetric squared rather than asymmetric absolute error loss minimization, has received substantial attention from the fields of actuarial science, finance, and econometrics over the last decade. Quantiles and expectiles can be embedded in a common framework of ‐quantiles, whose extreme value properties have been explored very recently. Although this generalized notion of quantiles has shown potential for the estimation of extreme quantiles and expectiles, available estimators remain quite difficult to use: they suffer from substantial bias, and the question of the choice of the tuning parameter remains open. In this article, we work in a context of heavy tails and construct composite bias‐reduced estimators of extreme quantiles and expectiles based on ‐quantiles. We provide a discussion of the data‐driven choice of and of the anchor ‐quantile level in practice. The proposed methodology is compared with existing approaches on simulated data and real data.
PROTOCOL: Conflict of interest issues when engaging stakeholders in health and healthcare guideline development: a systematic review
Authors: Khabsa Joanne , Petkovic Jennifer , Riddle Alison , Lytvyn Lyubov , Magwood Olivia , Atwere Pearl , Campbell Pauline , Katikireddi Srinivasa V. , Merner Bronwen , Nasser Mona , Chang Stephanie , Jaramillo Garcia Alejandra , Limburg Heather , Guise Jeanne‐Marie , Tugwell Peter , Akl Elie A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The overall objective of this study is to gather and summarize the existing literature on conflict of interest issues when engaging stakeholders in guideline development.
Structural Considerations for Building Synthetic Glycoconjugates as Inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectins
Authors: Wojtczak Karolina , Byrne Joseph P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, responsible for a large portion of nosocomial infections globally and designated as critical priority by the World Health Organisation. Its characteristic carbohydrate‐binding proteins LecA and LecB, which play a role in biofilm‐formation and lung‐infection, can be targeted by glycoconjugates. Here we review the wide range of inhibitors for these proteins (136 references), highlighting structural features and which impact binding affinity and/or therapeutic effects, including carbohydrate selection; linker length and rigidity; and scaffold topology, particularly for multivalent candidates. We also discuss emerging therapeutic strategies, which build on targeting of LecA and LecB, such as anti‐biofilm activity, anti‐adhesion and drug‐delivery, with promising prospects for medicinal chemistry.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Venous Thromboembolism: An Analysis of the WHO Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Allouchery Marion , Beuvon Clément , Pérault‐Pochat Marie‐Christine , Roblot Pascal , Puyade Mathieu , Martin Mickaël 
Published: April 2022

Data on venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are scarce and conflicting. This study investigated the risk of reporting VTEs associated with ICIs in comparison with all other anticancer drugs. The World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase), comprising >30 million individual case safety reports, was queried. All reports on patients with cancer, involving at least one anticancer drug as a suspect or interacting drug and registered from January 1, 2008, to May 31, 2021, were included. The association between ICIs and the risk of reporting VTEs was estimated using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) as a measure of disproportionality with all other anticancer drugs as comparators. RORs were estimated as crude and adjusted RORs for age, sex, and other medications (excluding anticancer drugs) associated with risk of VTEs. Among 1,196 patients experiencing VTEs after ICI treatment, the median age was 65 years and 57.6% were men. Anti‐PD‐1 agents (62.5%) were the most frequently reported. ICIs were not associated with higher reporting of VTEs when compared with other anticancer drugs (crude ROR 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60 to 0.67 and adjusted ROR 0.70, 95% CI 0.65–0.74). No signal of disproportionate reporting was found when considering each class of ICIs. In conclusion, ICIs were not associated with higher reporting of VTEs, in comparison with all other anticancer drugs in a large‐scale pharmacovigilance database. Owing to the limitations inherent to pharmacovigilance studies, prospective studies, including an adequate comparison group, are needed to assess the risk of VTEs in ICI‐treated patients.
Rapid, label‐free antibiotic susceptibility determined directly from positive blood culture
Authors: Filbrun Alexandra B. , Richardson Joseph C. , Khanal Prakash C. , Tzeng Yih‐Ling , Dickson Robert M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBacterial bloodstream infections are a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. Constrained by low bacterial burdens of 1–100 colony‐forming‐units per ml blood (CFU/ml), clinical diagnosis relies on lengthy culture amplification and isolation steps prior to identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). The resulting >60‐h time to actionable treatment not only negatively impacts patient outcomes, but also increases the misuse and overuse of broad‐spectrum antibiotics that accelerates the rise in multidrug resistant infections. Consequently, the development of novel technologies capable of rapidly recovering bacteria from blood‐derived samples is crucial to human health. To address this need, we report a novel bacterial recovery technology from positive blood cultures that couples selective hemolysis with centrifugation through a sucrose cushion to perform rapid, background‐free cytometric ASTs without long subculturing steps. Demonstrated on the most common bloodstream infection‐causing bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, near‐pure bacteria are rapidly recovered (≤15 min) with minimal user intervention. Susceptibilities of recovered bacteria are readily performed via high throughput flow cytometry with excellent agreement with much slower, standard microbroth dilution assays. Altogether, this novel direct‐from‐positive blood culture AST technology enables susceptibility determinations within as little as 5 h, post blood culture positivity.
ATG16L2 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through promoting ATG5‐12‐16L1 complex assembly and autophagy
Authors: Wang Dongyang , Yuan Tianli , Liu Jiamin , Wen Zhoujin , Shen Yuguang , Tang Jian , Wang Zheng , Wu Xuefeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNLRP3 inflammasome activation is regulated by autophagy, a process tightly controlled by the ATG16L family proteins. However, the inside mechanisms remain elusive. Although the autophagy‐related protein ATG16L1 has been well characterized, regulation and biological functions of its close homolog ATG16L2 still remain elusive. Here we report that ATG16L2 deficiency attenuates LPS‐induced autophagy flux in macrophages through mediating ATG5‐12‐16L1 complex assembly. Importantly, NLRP3 inflammasome activation is elevated in ATG16L2‐deficient macrophages, which also have defects in mitochondrial integrity and respiration. Finally, ATG16l2 knockout mice are more susceptible to DSS‐induced intestinal damage, which can be ameliorated by inhibition of NLRP3. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ATG16L2 positively regulates autophagy and ATG16L2 could be a potential target for manipulating aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced inflammatory diseases.
Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of Three Tetrazole Carboxylate Based Co(II) Complexes
Authors: Shi Xin‐Ya , Tan Li‐Tao , Zhong Yu‐Jie , Shen Ting‐Xiao , Wang Yan‐Hong , Qiu Zi‐Han , Zheng Zu‐Hui , Zhu Xiao‐Ge , Gu Yu‐Lan , Jiang Xin , Yang Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs a kind of multifunctional materials with high porosity, tunable pore structure and easy functionalization, coordination complexes have been widely used in various fields. Here, three complexes were prepared by self‐assembly with Co(II) ions using tetrazolylacetic acids as ligands, 2,2′,2′′‐(benzene‐1,3,5‐triyltris(2H‐tetrazole‐5,2‐diyl)) triacetic acid (H3tzpha), 2‐(5‐(pyrazin‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl) propanoic acid (Hpztzma) and 2‐(5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl) acetic acid (Hpytza), and were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. These complexes can also self‐assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution by nanocoprecipitation. In vitro CCK‐8 assay on three kind of human cancer cells (HeLa, HepG2 and Huh7) cells showed these Co(II) complexes have the best cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. And complex 1 had a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) of 14.8 μg mL−1, which was superior to 16.5 μg mL−1 and 15.2 μg mL−1 of complex 2 and 3. In addition, the effect of different ligands on cancer cell ablation was explored. The results showed the three NPs can effectively inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and provided a strategy on designing highly efficient anticancer materials based on coordination complexes.
Artificial microbial consortia for bioproduction processes
Authors: Mittermeier Fabian , Bäumler Miriam , Arulrajah Prasika , García Lima José de Jesús , Hauke Sebastian , Stock Anna , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe application of artificial microbial consortia for biotechnological production processes is an emerging field in research as it offers great potential for the improvement of established as well as the development of novel processes. In this review, we summarize recent highlights in the usage of various microbial consortia for the production of, for example, platform chemicals, biofuels, or pharmaceutical compounds. It aims to demonstrate the great potential of co‐cultures by employing different organisms and interaction mechanisms and exploiting their respective advantages. Bacteria and yeasts often offer a broad spectrum of possible products, fungi enable the utilization of complex lignocellulosic substrates via enzyme secretion and hydrolysis, and microalgae can feature their abilities to fixate CO2 through photosynthesis for other organisms as well as to form lipids as potential fuelstocks. However, the complexity of interactions between microbes require methods for observing population dynamics within the process and modern approaches such as modeling or automation for process development. After shortly discussing these interaction mechanisms, we aim to present a broad variety of successfully established co‐culture processes to display the potential of artificial microbial consortia for the production of biotechnological products.
Cytokeratin 13 promotes radiotherapy sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by downregulating the MEK/ERK pathway
Authors: Shi Ming , Wan Jia , Wang Huan , Yu Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadiation therapy is the first treatment choice for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), while radiation resistance and recurrence have become the primary factors and are associated with poor prognosis in the clinical treatment of NPC patients. The purpose of the present study was to explore the sensitivity and molecular basis of cytokeratin 13 (CK13) that regulates NPC radiotherapy.MethodsHNE‐3 or C666‐1 cell line was used for overexpression and knockdown tests. Under radiotherapy conditions, CCK‐8 assay, clone formation assay, and flow cytometry analyzed the effects of CK13 overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle, respectively. In addition, Western blotting detected CK13‐mediated downregulation of cell cycle‐related genes. The mouse subcutaneous tumor‐bearing experiment identified the effects of CK13 overexpression on the treatment of NPC in vivo. Further, Western blotting, CCK‐8 assay, and flow cytometry investigated whether the CK13‐mediated cell apoptosis involves the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.ResultsOverexpression of CK13 significantly inhibited the survival of HNE‐3 cells under radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo, and there was a substantial decrease in cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) levels promoting the cell percentage number in the G2/M phase and, subsequently, the ratio of the apoptotic cells. In contrast, the knockdown of CK13 showed the opposite partial regulatory effect. Interestingly, CK13 overexpression also showed a reduction in the survival of C666‐1 cells and an increased ratio of the apoptotic cells under radiotherapy treatment. Furthermore, higher levels of CK13 downregulated the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, resulting in decreased HNE‐3 cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. However, ERK activators were able to rescue the process partially.ConclusionsTogether, these results showed that CK13 promoted the radiosensitivity of NPC cells by downregulating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Thus, targeting CK13 provided insights into the treatment of NPC radiotherapy.
Investigation of the factors affecting foamability and foam stability of cold brew coffee
Authors: Yu Dongning , Wang Xiuju , Lim Loong‐Tak 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the foamability and foam stability of nitrogen‐infused cold brew coffee, as affected by coffee variety (Arabica and Robusta), degree of roast (light, medium, dark), brewing temperature (4, 20, 35 °C), brew ratio (1:5–1:15 w/w; coffee/water), ground particle size (712, 647 and 437 μm volume mean diameter) and beverage temperature (4, 20 and 35 °C), were investigated.RESULTSDynamic surface tension of cold brew, as determined from bubble tensiometry, decreased from 65–70 mN m−1 to about 60 mN m−1 as the bubble lifetime increased from 0.1 s to 1 s. Infusing the cold brew coffee (70 mL) with nitrogen gas for 30 s at 50 mL min−1 generated 30–40 mL of foam head. At the same degree of roast, brews prepared from Arabica beans had more stable foam than those from Robusta. Foam stability increased with increasing degree of roast, increasing brewing temperature, decreasing particle size, and decreasing the beverage temperature. By contrast, brew ratio had relatively less effect on foaming properties. Nitrogen‐containing constituents present in the 80% (v/v) ethanol‐soluble fraction (55.9% of total dissolved solids) of the brew samples were important contributors to foaming, while the 80% (v/v) ethanol‐insoluble fraction (42.3% of total dissolved solids) that contained polysaccharides was important in stabilizing the foam.CONCLUSIONThe foamability and foam stability of cold brew coffee are significantly affected by coffee variety, degree of roast, brewing temperature, ground particle size, and beverage temperatures. The foam properties are dictated by the low‐molecular‐weight nitrogen‐containing compounds and high‐molecular‐weight polysaccharides present in the cold brew coffee. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subacute toxicity studies of meals prepared from genetically modified potato overexpressing the StDREB1 or the VvWRKY2 transcription factor in rats
Authors: Chiab Nour , Aoiadni Nissaf , Nouri‐Ellouz Oumèma , Ghorbel‐Koubaa Fatma , Mellouli Manel , Sellami‐Boudawara Tahya , Kallel Chomous , Makni‐Ayadi Fatma , Gargouri‐Bouzid Radhia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPotato tubers from genetically modified plants overexpressing the StDREB1 or the VvWRKY2 transcription factors that exhibited improved tolerance to salt and resistance to Fusarium solani infection were characterized and evaluated for safety in a 30 day rat feeding study. Male Wistar rats were split into four groups and provided with a diet composed of 33% (w/w) of either one of the two genetically modified potatoes (GMPs), 33% of the commercial Spunta variety (Sp), or a control group fed with the basal rats' diet. The influence of the GMPs on rat behavior and overall health parameters was evaluated and compared with that of commercial potato (i.e. the Sp group) and control diet.RESULTSSmall differences were noticed in the chemical composition of the different tubers, but all the diets were adjusted to an identical caloric level. Results showed no sign of toxic or detrimental effects on the rats' overall health as a result of these diets. The rats fed with the GMPs meal showed hematological and biochemical compositions of the plasma comparable to the control groups. No histopathological damage nor any structural disorganization, severe congestion, or acute inflammation were noticed in the rats' tissues.CONCLUSIONUnder these study conditions, the GMP diets did not induce any apparent or significant adverse effects on rats after 30 days of dietary administration in comparison with rats fed diets with the corresponding non‐transgenic diet and the standard diet group. These two GMPs were therefore considered to be as safe as their commercial comparator. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Crosslinked Polymer Binder via Phthalic Acid for Stabilizing SiOx Anodes
Authors: Di Shenghan , Zhang Daxu , Weng Zheng , Chen Long , Zhang Ying , Zhang Ning , Ma Renzhi , Chen Gen , Liu Xiaohe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is widely recognized that SiOx is a feasible anode material for the next generation lithium‐ion batteries because of its high capacity, low cost, environmental friendliness, and abundant available storage. However, the enormous volume expansion and irreversible by‐products during lithiation can result in the rapid capacity degradation and low coulombic efficiency. The commercial binders of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinylidene difluoride cannot afford the volume change. Herein, a rational crosslinked binder is synthesized through an in situ condensation reaction between CMC and phthalic acid (PA). With rich hydroxyl groups bonded to the homogeneous SiO2 nanodomain, the enormous volume expansion of the SiOx anode can be restricted efficaciously. Therefore, the SiOx@CMC‐PA electrode delivers a reversible specific capacity of 671 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 200 cycles and a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.2%, much higher than 226.3 mAh g−1 of SiOx@CMC electrode. It demonstrates that this work offers a cost effective and available strategy to achieve high performance binder for Si‐based anode materials.
Enhanced Gene Delivery Triggered by Dual pH/Redox Responsive Host‐Guest Dimerization of Cyclooligosaccharide Star Polycations
Authors: Carbajo‐Gordillo Ana I. , López‐Fernández José , Benito Juan M. , Jiménez Blanco José L. , Santana‐Armas María L. , Marcelo Gema , Di Giorgio Christophe , Przybylski Cédric , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Tros de Ilarduya Conchita , Mendicuti Francisco , García Fernández José M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA robust strategy is reported to build perfectly monodisperse star polycations combining a trehalose‐based cyclooligosaccharide (cyclotrehalan, CT) central core onto which oligoethyleneimine radial arms are installed. The architectural perfection of the compounds is demonstrated by a variety of physicochemical techniques, including NMR, MS, DLS, TEM, and GPC. Key to the strategy is the possibility of customizing the cavity size of the macrocyclic platform to enable/prevent the inclusion of adamantane motifs. These properties can be taken into advantage to implement sequential levels of stimuli responsiveness by combining computational design, precision chemistry and programmed host‐guest interactions. Specifically, it is shown that supramolecular dimers implying a trimeric CT‐tetraethyleneimine star polycation and purposely designed bis‐adamantane guests are preorganized to efficiently complex plasmid DNA (pDNA) into transfection‐competent nanocomplexes. The stability of the dimer species is responsive to the protonation state of the cationic clusters, resulting in dissociation at acidic pH. This process facilitates endosomal escape, but reassembling can take place in the cytosol then handicapping pDNA nuclear import. By equipping the ditopic guest with a redox‐sensitive disulfide group, recapturing phenomena are prevented, resulting in drastically improved transfection efficiencies both in vivo and in vitro.
USB Digital Microscope Endoscope Camera – An Effective Tool for Quick Morphological Characterization of Laser‐induced Microstructures
Authors: Singh P. Chandrakanta , Das Susanta Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, the authors have reported the investigation on the use of USB camera for morphological characterization to optimize the processing parameters in laser microstructuring of Si surface. For this, microstructures are generated on a monocrystalline silicon (Si) surface using nitrogen nanosecond laser. The wavelength, pulse energy, and pulse duration of the laser are of 337 nm, 170 µJ, and ∼3.5 ns, respectively. The USB Digital Microscope Endoscope (UDME) Camera is used to capture the images of microstructures generated on the Si surface. It is a compact, portable, easy to handle, and inexpensive camera calibrated by ImageJ software. It has been used for two purposes, first, for conforming whether the microstructures are formed on the surface of Si or not in given laser processing parameters and determining the dimensions of the laser textured region. The second information is used for deciding the overlapping condition. This overlapping is mostly essential for growth of microstructures in large area surface of Si through raster scanning mode. Field emission scanning electron microscopy is done to cross verify the results obtained in UDME Camera.