bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of comorbid conditions among older males with haemophilia receiving care in haemophilia treatment centers in the United States
Authors: Soucie J. Michael , Le Binh , Dupervil Brandi , Poston Jacqueline N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionIncreased survival among men with haemophilia has brought with it an increased risk of age‐related comorbidities that may be challenging to treat in the presence of a bleeding disorder.AimEstimate the prevalence of several age‐related comorbidities among older males with haemophilia receiving care in the U.S. haemophilia treatment center (HTC) network compared to that among the general population.MethodsPeople with bleeding disorders who receive care in network HTCs can volunteer to participate in a surveillance registry that collects detailed clinical information including the presence of comorbid conditions at annual visits. We used registry data collected on males with haemophilia age 45 years and older to calculate lifetime prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, cancer, anxiety and depression. Comparable data on the U.S. general male population was obtained from the National Health Interview Survey.ResultsDuring the surveillance period, 1592 middle‐aged (45–64 years) and 645 older (≥65 years) patients with haemophilia had comorbidity data collected during 6435 HTC visits. Most haemophilia patients in both age groups had a higher prevalence of anxiety, depression and diabetes, but a lower prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and myocardial infarction compared to the general U.S. male population. In addition, middle‐aged patients had lower rates of leukemia, whereas older patients had higher rates of obesity than the general population.ConclusionThese findings highlight the mental stress associated with this chronic condition and support continued public health obesity prevention efforts in the haemophilia community.
Molybdenum‐based electrocatalysts with nanostructured supports for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Feng Yao , Yu Zhaoju 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is one of the most efficient ways to yield H2 fuel due to its renewability and environmental friendliness. For minimizing the energy loss during the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as a crucial half‐cell reaction of electrochemical water splitting, researchers are seeking for suitable electrocatalysts, which can significantly decrease the overpotential and consequently promote the reaction rate and total cell efficiency. Among the noble‐metal free HER catalysts, Mo‐based electrocatalysts have been reported to possess excellent electrocatalytic activity and long‐term durability in terms of the HER process. Recently, in order to further improve the reaction rate of HER, nanostructured supports for Mo‐based catalysts were designed, which not only increase active sites but also contribute to alleviating the overpotential. Herein, an overview is presented of recent research progress on Mo‐based electrocatalysts with nanostructured supports for the HER. It starts with summarizing the fundamentals of HER and recent progress of Mo‐based electrocatalysts. Subsequently, the design and synthesis of nanostructures, electrochemical performance, and the related mechanisms for Mo‐based electrocatalysts with nanostructured supports are discussed. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges are highlighted for the development of the Mo‐based electrocatalysts from the points of view of both fundamental understanding and practical application.
Slag resistance mechanism of CaO·6Al2O3 refractory and its effect on inclusions of aluminum deoxidized steel
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Bin , Jia Yuanping , Chen Junhong , Feng Jisheng , Ren Bo , Yin Shu , Zhang Zhijiao , Gong Diansheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn order to verify the advantage of CaO·6Al2O3 (CA6)‐based refractories on the inclusions of aluminum deoxidized steel, the five refractories, CA6, alumina, spinel, and CA6‐alumina and CA6‐spinel composition refractories were prepared into crucibles, and then the laboratory smelting experiments were conducted. After experiment, the slag resistance of the crucible and the variation on inclusions in steel were characterized and discussed. A dense CaO·2Al2O3 (CA2) layer, which was produced by CA6 reacting with the slag, was distributed between the original bricklayer and the slag layer, improving the slag resistance of refractories. Meanwhile, the 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7), generated by the reaction between CA2 and refining slag, would release much Ca into the molten steel. The Ca would react with inclusions to produce low melting point substance to float up and remove, contributing to the reduction of the proportion of large size inclusions. In addition, typical inclusions in steel smelted with CA6 crucible were small‐sized MgO·Al2O3 inclusions, whereas those of other crucibles are MnS–MgO·Al2O3 composite inclusions with MgO·Al2O3 as the core, implying CA6 may absorb sulfur during the smelting process.
Antitumor effect and metabonomics of niclosamide micelles
Authors: Hang Jiarong , Chen Yu , Liu Lukuan , Chen Liwen , Fang Jiqin , Wang Fei , Wang Miao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolymer micelles now have promising applications in the treatment of cancer, increasing the water solubility and bioavailability of drugs. Previous studies have found that micelles of niclosamide have good anti‐liver cancer effect. In view of the poor water solubility of niclosamide (NIC), we decided to prepare niclosamide micelles. However, its therapeutic mechanism is not clear, so this paper conducted a preliminary study on its vitro anti‐tumour mechanism and metabonomics to find out its impact. It was found that the drug‐loaded micelles (PEG2K‐FIbu/NIC) had an inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells. Moreover, it can promote apoptosis of HepG2 cells and block S and G2/M phase of cell cycle. The plasma and liver metabolomics of mice in normal group, model group and administration group were studied by UPLC‐MS and 1H‐NMR. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used to process the data and find the relevant metabolites. metaboanalyst 5.0 was used to integrate the relevant metabolites to find the main related metabolic pathways. Thus, the anti‐tumour mechanism of PEG2K‐FIbu/NIC was analysed. Fifty‐one biomarkers were detected in plasma, and 43 biomarkers were detected in liver. After comprehensive biomarker and metabolic pathway analysis, it was found that PEG2K‐FIbu/NIC micelles could affect the changes of many metabolites, mainly affecting amino acid metabolism. This article is an in‐depth study based on the published Preparation and pharmacodynamics of niclosamide micelles (DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103088).
Examining the EU Reaction to a Humanitarian Emergency from a Network Perspective: The Response to Cyclones Idai and Kenneth
Authors: Bravo‐Laguna Carlos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article examines the European Union (EU) involvement and co‐ordination of a humanitarian emergency response overseas. In particular, this article will examine the reaction to Cyclones Idai and Kenneth. By combining an exponential random graph model (ERGM) with semi‐structured interviews, this article will also apply resource dependence theory in order to identify actor characteristics that conditioned exchanges within the network that responded to this incident. Hence, it provides novel empirical evidence regarding de facto responses to humanitarian emergencies that increases understanding of social dynamics among the actors involved in these efforts. The findings of this study show that the co‐ordination of the EU response generally followed a multilateral logic. However, the limited empowerment of the local community throughout the response was less consistent with the strategic aspirations of the EU. For their part, donors tended to show less activity within the network than financial aid recipients.
Narrow‐band reflectance spectrophotometry and infrared thermography for assessment of skin lesions in localized scleroderma
Authors: Szczepanek M. , Frątczak A. , Polak K. , Lis‐Święty A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfrared thermography (IRT) is a useful method to detect activity/inflammation in localized scleroderma (LoS); however, inactive skin lesions with a severe degree of dermal and subcutaneous atrophy may show false‐positive results. Narrow‐band reflectance spectrophotometry (NBRS) is an objective, non‐invasive technique of measuring erythema and hyperpigmentation severity, yet has not been extensively studied in LoS.ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to compare the spectrophotometric results with thermographic examination of LoS lesions.MethodsThe lesions were assessed using the Localized Scleroderma Assessment Tool (LoSCAT), Dyspigmentation, Induration, Erythema, and Telangiectasias (DIET) score, NBRS and IRT. The difference in the erythema index (ΔEI), melanin index (ΔMI) and average temperature Tavg (ΔTavg) were calculated between each lesion and its normal control.ResultsFifty‐five patients with 49 active and 64 inactive LoS lesions were examined. The ΔEI strongly correlated with the erythema (rs = 0.62, P < 0.0000002) and DIET score (rs = 0.66, P < 0.0000001) and moderately correlated with the telangiectasias score (rs = 0.58, P < 0.00001). ΔMI showed strong correlation with the dyspigmentation score (rs = 0.65, P < 0.0000001). There was a strong correlation between the ΔTavg and the erythema score (rs = 0.7, P < 0.000001). A moderate correlation between the Δ EI and ΔTavg was found in active LoS lesions (rs = 0.53, P < 0.0001).ConclusionNarrow‐band reflectance spectrophotometry may be a complementary method for determining erythema in LoS active lesions, although this technique remains inferior to IRT, because is unable to distinct between active and inactive lesions. However, NBRS enables to evaluate the severity of hyperpigmentation and telangiectasias, and it can be useful for the assessment of disease severity which is poorly evaluated by IRT.
Significance of low ferritin without anaemia in screen‐detected, adult coeliac disease patients
Authors: Repo Marleena , Kurppa Kalle , Huhtala Heini , Luostarinen Liisa , Kaukinen Katri , Kivelä Laura 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow ferritin without anaemia has been linked to adverse health effects.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of low ferritin in screen‐detected coeliac disease.MethodsSeventy‐six screen‐detected coeliac disease patients were enrolled in the prospective collection of comprehensive clinical, laboratory and histological data at diagnosis and after 1–2 years on a gluten‐free diet (GFD). All variables were compared between patients with different ferritin levels.ResultsAt coeliac disease diagnosis, six patients had anaemia. Of the 70 nonanaemic patients, ferritin levels were <15 μg/L in 21%, 15–29 μg/L in 19%, 30–99 μg/L in 36% and ≥100 μg/L in 24%. Those with lower ferritin were more often females, had lower body mass index, haemoglobin and villous height–crypt depth ratio and also had higher intra‐epithelial lymphocyte CD3+ levels in duodenal biopsies. The groups did not differ in neurological or gastrointestinal symptoms, health‐related quality of life, bone mineral density, liver values, vitamin, albumin or coeliac autoantibody levels or the prevalence of comorbidities. Median ferritin levels increased from 41.5 μg/L to 86.0 μg/L on GFD (p < 0.001). Ferritin remained <30 μg/L in 21% of patients but was not associated with dietary compliance, nor was any correlation between changes in ferritin and quality of life, gastrointestinal symptoms, autoantibody levels or degree of histological damage detected.ConclusionDecreased ferritin is a frequent finding in screen‐detected coeliac disease and may not be fully restored on a GFD. However, low ferritin levels are not associated with more severe symptoms or poorer quality of life.
Factors important in the correct evaluation of oral high‐risk lesions during the telehealth era
Authors: Czerninski Rakefet , Mordekovich Netanel , Basile John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsidering that early detection of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) improves prognosis and clinical examination is the primary detection method, we identified factors related to the clinical evaluation of oral mucosal lesions. Due to the growing role of telehealth, our study was based on clinical image evaluation.Subjects and MethodsOral medicine specialists and dental students evaluated six images of benign, potentially malignant, or SCC lesions (18 images in total). We analyzed the role of personal factors of the examiners and the visual pathological features of the lesion upon which the participants based their evaluation.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐three subjects participated. Half of the benign images were correctly evaluated. On average 1.2 (±SD1.3) cancer pictures were recognized correctly and 3.66 (±SD1.42) images were considered potentially malignant. Potentially malignant lesions were correctly evaluated at an average of 4.08 (±SD1.48) images. For cancer and potentially malignant lesion images, there were significantly better results among clinicians with the worst results from the fourth‐year students. Student results correlated significantly with years of study, number of weeks spent in the oral medicine clinic, and interest in oral pathology. Consideration of lesion irregularity yielded a correct diagnosis, whereas wrong answers were based on color changes. Lesion size and margins were considered equally important.ConclusionsUsing clinical images as part of the diagnostic process provides good results, though increased clinical experience for graduates and undergraduates may be necessary to improve accuracy. Therefore, emphasizing the important visual parameters of malignancy may be valuable in the current telehealth era.
Influence of the layer thickness on the flexural strength of aged and nonaged additively manufactured interim dental material
Authors: Scherer Michael , Al‐Haj Husain Nadin , Barmak Abdul B. , Kois John C. , Özcan Mutlu , Revilla‐León Marta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo measure the flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of aged and nonaged printed interim dental material fabricated with different layer thickness.Material and methodsBars (25×2×2 mm) were additively fabricated by using a polymer printer (Asiga Max) and an interim resin (Nexdent C&B MFH). Specimens were fabricated with the same printing parameters and postprocessing procedures, but with 7 different layer thickness: 50 (control or 50‐G group), 10 (10‐G group), 25 (25‐G group), 75 (75‐G group), 100 (100‐G group), 125 (125‐G group), and 150 μm (150‐G group). Two subgroups were created: nonaged and aged subgroups (n = 10). A universal testing machine was selected to measure flexural strength. Two‐parameter Weibull distribution values were computed. Two‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests were selected for statistical evaluation of the data (α = 0.05).ResultsArtificial aging methods (p < 0.001) were a significant predictor of the flexural strength computed. Aged specimens acquired less flexural strength than nonaged specimens. The Weibull distribution obtained the highest shape for nonaged 50‐G and 75‐G group specimens compared with those of other nonaged groups, while the Weibull distribution showed the highest shape for aged 125‐G specimens.ConclusionsThe flexural strength of the additively fabricated interim material examined was not influenced by the layer thickness at which the specimens were fabricated; however, artificial aging techniques reduced its flexural strength. Aged specimens presented lower Weibull distribution values compared with nonaged specimens, except for the 125‐G specimens.
Clinical application of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique in emergency treatment of children's facial trauma
Authors: Zhang Jianfei , Han Pengpeng , Yuan Hui , Tang Yujun , Xiao Xia 
Published: August 2022

AimTo explore the effect of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique on scar inhibition after emergency facial trauma in children, and to explore the application value of absorbable collagen thread in emergency facial trauma.MethodsChildren who received emergency treatment of facial trauma in plastic surgery department from January 2021 to January 2022 were analysed retrospectively, and were divided into absorbable collagen thread group and non‐absorbable nylon thread group. The general data, scar appearance and local symptoms of the two groups were analysed, and the scar appearance was scored by scar beauty rating scale and non‐inferiority test was analysed statistically.ResultsA total of 632 children with facial trauma were included in this study, including 458 patients with absorbable collagen thread and 174 patients with non‐absorbable nylon thread. The SCAR score of the absorbable collagen thread group (3.03 ± 1.57) was similar to that of the non‐absorbable nylon thread group (2.98 ± 2.39) (95% confidence interval), and the final scar outcome score was not statistically different (P > 0.05). All families of the patients were satisfied with the results of the procedure, 95% very satisfied.ConclusionThe use of absorbable collagen thread and cosmetic suture technique to treat the wounds of children with facial emergency trauma, resulted in good wound healing, little scar expansion, low incidence of erythema and pigment abnormality, no obvious surgical trace, and no scar hypertrophy or atrophy. The overall impression was good, the pain of stitch removal was avoided for children's patients, and the satisfaction of family members was high. Cosmetic suture technique with absorbable sutures is worthy of clinical application.
A cross‐sectional study of hepatitis C prevalence and correlates among persons who inject drugs in rural and non‐rural communities
Authors: Barranco Meredith A. , Rosenberg Eli S. , Flanigan Colleen , Shufelt Sarah , Bruce Emily M. , Wilberschied Larissa A. , Parker Monica M. , Duncan Eliana , Udo Tomoko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPersons who inject drugs (PWID) have been experiencing a higher burden of new hepatitis C (HCV) due to the opioid epidemic. The greatest increases in injection have been in rural communities. However, less is known about the prevalence of HCV or its risk factors in rural compared to non‐rural communities. This study compared HCV infection history, current infection, and associated behavioural and sociodemographic correlates among PWID recruited from rural and non‐rural communities from Upstate New York (NY). This cross‐sectional study recruited 309 PWID, using respondent‐driven sampling. Blood samples were collected through finger stick for HCV antibody and RNA tests. A survey was also self‐administered for HCV infection history, sociodemographics and behavioural correlates to compare by setting rurality. HCV seropositivity was significantly higher among PWID from rural than non‐rural communities (71.0% vs. 46.8%), as was current infection (41.4% vs. 25.9%). High levels of past year syringe (44.4%) and equipment (62.2%) sharing were reported. Factors associated with infection history include syringe service program utilization, non‐Hispanic white race, sharing needles and methamphetamine injection, which was higher in rural vs. non‐rural communities (38.5% vs. 15.5%). HCV burden among PWID appears higher in rural than non‐rural communities and may be increasing possibly due to greater levels of methamphetamine injection. On‐going systematic surveillance of HCV prevalence and correlates is crucial to respond to the changing opioid epidemic landscape. Additionally, improving access to harm reduction services, especially with special focus on stimulants, may be important to reduce HCV prevalence among PWID in rural settings.
Immigration detention as a routine police measure: Discretionary powers in preemptive detention of noncitizens in Finland
Authors: Könönen Jukka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article discusses how administrative practices shape immigration detention policies, addressing both administrative discretion in detention orders and their judicial supervision. Due to vaguely formulated legal criteria and ineffective ex-post judicial supervision, the authorities have considerable discretionary powers in ordering detentions for noncompliant and criminalized noncitizens. Instead of being a measure of last resort, immigration detention is used in a routine manner, with little individual assessment, for the enforcement of removals and the prevention of irregular migration, as well as extensively for crime prevention. The findings demonstrate the role of the police as the main actor in the detention system in Finland, with significant implications for the formation of detention policies.
How to not have to know: Legal technicalities and flagrant criminal offenses in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Araya-Moreno Javiera 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic data gathered in lower criminal courts and in one unit of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Santiago, Chile, I explore the way in which criminal offenses considered flagrant are treated by the Chilean criminal justice system. Citing the literature on legal technicalities, I describe how flagrant criminal offenses are constructed through practices that make it possible for the actors involved to avoid directly referring to the alleged facts. From their identification on the streets by police officers to their reassignment to a different unit of the Public Prosecutor's Office or their adjudication at a criminal court, flagrant criminal offenses are defined by a specific way of approaching the alleged facts, which is translated into specific organizational and documentary practices. The role of these practices contrasts with the apparently marginal role that the detention in flagrante delicto plays in the mechanics of criminal law. As a technicality, the flagrant character of a criminal offense conveys certain epistemological assumptions about how to determine what happened and what exactly constitutes the criminal offense. More specifically, it conveys assumptions about what cannot, for the moment, be known and that can, therefore, be ignored throughout the bureaucratic and judicial process.