bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and sociodemographic risk factors associated with the development of second primary cancers among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors
Authors: Bailey Stacyann , Ezratty Charlotte , Mhango Grace , Lin Jenny J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
: Advances in breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment have increased the number of long-term survivors. Consequently, primary BC survivors are at a greater risk of developing second primary cancers (SPCs). The risk factors for SPCs among BC survivors including sociodemographic characteristics, cancer treatment, comorbidities, and concurrent medications have not been comprehensively examined. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence and clinicopathologic factors associated with risk of SPCs in BC survivors.
Methods
We analyzed 171, 311 women with early-stage primary BC diagnosed between January 2000-December 2015 from the Medicare-linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER-Medicare) database. SPC was defined as any diagnosis of malignancy occurring within the study period and at least six months after primary BC diagnosis. Univariate analyses compared baseline characteristics between those who developed a SPC and those who did not. We evaluated the cause-specific hazard of developing a SPC in the presence of death as a competing risk.
Results
Of the study cohort, 21,510 (13%) of BC survivors developed a SPC and BC was the most common SPC type (28%). The median time to SPC was 44 months. Women who were white, older, and with fewer comorbidities were more likely to develop a SPC. While statins [hazard ratio (HR) 1.066 (1.023–1.110)] and anti-hypertensives [HR 1.569 (1.512–1.627)] increased the hazard of developing a SPC, aromatase inhibitor therapy [HR 0.620 (0.573–0.671)] and bisphosphonates [HR 0.905 (0.857–0.956)] were associated with a decreased hazard of developing any SPC, including non-breast SPCs.
Conclusion
Our study shows that specific clinical factors including type of cancer treatment, medications, and comorbidities are associated with increased risk of developing SPCs among older BC survivors. These results can increase patient and clinician awareness, target cancer screening among BC survivors, as well as developing risk-adapted management strategies.
Innovation and Practice of Music Educationpath in Colleges and Universities Under the Popularization of 5g Networks
Authors: Huang Shaohan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Music education is among the most significant subjects covered in providing high-quality education in Chinese universities and colleges. College music education is critical for colleges and universities in China to provide high-quality education to students. It contributes significantly to the development of pupils' creative inspiration, inventive capacity, and personality development. In the field of music education, innovation is very significant. It has the potential to provide excellent outcomes in music instruction and foster students' original thinking and comprehensive abilities, therefore supporting the overall development of high-quality education. With the expansion of the educational system, it is becoming more vital to teach pupils a high level of musical literacy. With the arrival of the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communication, 5G mobile communication will play a significant role in future Chinese education, and 5G technology will also become one of the key technologies in Chinese music education. These findings provide an innovative framework for music education based on an examination of 5G technology to encourage the expansion of musical education in Chinese colleges and institutions. In the beginning, we normalize the musical dataset to prepare it for further processing. The characteristics of the song are retrieved using a technique called spectrum-based feature extraction (SBF). Bi-Recurrent Neural Networks are used to classify objects in space (Bi-RNN). The Improved TCP Congestion Control Algorithm (ITCCA) is proposed for efficient data transmission between the 5G networks. To enhance the performance of the transmission protocol, we employ Honey Bee Optimization Algorithm. The suggested system's performance is examined and contrasted with that of the currently used approaches. College music education might benefit from the successful integration of new 5G technologies by providing students with rich and diversified teaching materials and flexible instructional formats.
Short-Term Fire-Induced Changes in Soil Microbial Community and Nutrients in Subtropical Native Rangelands
Authors: Rai Dipti , Silveira Maria , Strauss Sarah L. , Meyer Julie L. , Castellano-Hinojosa Antonio , Kohmann Marta M. , Brandani Carolina B. , Gerber Stefan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background-
Prescribed burning is a widely used management strategy to maintain ecosystem function and reduce the risks of wildfire. However, fire can alter soil microbial community, with subsequent impacts on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling. We examined the short-term effects of prescribed burning on selected soil chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and bacterial and fungal community composition in subtropical native rangelands. Fire-induced responses were assessed immediately and 2 to 3 months after a fire event.
Results-
Soil pH, total C, and extractable NH4+and P concentrations decreased immediately after fire and remained relatively lower than the initial conditions 2 to 3 months after fire. Total N increased immediately after fire but returned to initial condition 2 to 3 months after fire. No effect of fire were observed for soil total P, and extractable Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Al concentrations. Reductions in soil beta glucosidase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity were observed immediately following fire but no differences occurred 2–3 months after fire. Microbial diversity and relative abundance at the phylum level revealed no short-term changes, but at the order level Desulfurellales increased while Eurotiales and Pleosporales decreased immediately after fire.
Conclusions-
Our results demonstrated that the prescribed burning had a minimal soil effect on soil microbial community composition in the short-term, probably due to limited effects in soil temperature associated with rapid vegetation recovery. This suggest that managers can employ prescribed burning to obtain the multiple benefits without major long-term impacts on the biogeochemical cycle of C, N, and P. Our study offers the potential to assess the suitability of the prescribed burning and future studies related to soil nutrient availability in subtropical regions for rangeland management. Long-term assessment is needed to determine if the effect of prescribed burning takes place in different time scales that will help us better predict changes in ecosystem function to changing fire regimes.
Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant during China’s largest outbreaks
Authors: Dai Yeyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A complete and accurate statistical analysis of cases of contraction with SARS-CoV-2, under the conditions of strict mandatory quarantine and isolation and of a high rate of full vaccination, during the largest COVID-19 outbreaks driven by the Omicron BA.2 subvariant in China are given. Sars-Cov-2 is still new, and little is known about either its directions of variations or its laws of propagation. No country other than China has been able to disclose every case of infection in every epidemic or outbreak since April of 2020. Here, this study reveals that Omicron BA.2 subvariant can still spread very fast and wide in areas with strict “dynamic zero-COVID strategy”1 in China, that there exist cities twenty-fold differences in morbidity rates unrelated to any of the known factors contributing to incidence of infectious diseases, and that Omicron BA.2 subvariant is unpredictable in its virulence, although its severity rate of symptomatic cases is low. This analysis provides first-hand original and valuable information for further research on similar epidemics in the future. It may bring new thoughts for correction of present epidemiological theory and mathematical models. It may also give other countries time to be better prepared for the coming 6th wave driven by Omicron BA.2.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys Produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Method
Authors: KARAYEL Elif , BOZKURT Yahya , ÖZDEMİR Cezmi , KALENDER Murathan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing technology is a new technology that is considered to be a technological revolution in the manufacturing industry. It has advantages such as design flexibility, saving material and time, producing low-density and high-strength parts. Due to these advantages it is used in many sectors such as aviation and automotive. The additive manufacturing method can be integrated into different welding methods. One of these technologies is wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Metal inert/active gas (MIG/MAG) or tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding methods are generally used in this method. The basic principle of the WAAM method is to melt the raw material in the form of wire with electric arc heat and deposit it in layers on top of each other. The fact that large-sized and complex parts can be produced without any problems, almost no waste, and being economical compared to other metal additive manufacturing methods has made this technique a demanding production method. In this study, AA5356 aluminum alloy wires with a diameter of 2.4 mm were deposited on plates under argon gas by TIG welding method and jointed aluminum parts were produced with different welding parameters. As a result of tests and microstructure investigations, it was determined that the samples prepared parallel and perpendicular to the weld seam direction showed different behavior in terms of mechanical properties. These results were supported by the microstructure and compared with the parts produced by traditional methods. In addition mechanical tests and microstructural examinations were supported by EBSD, EDS and AFM analyzes.
Comprehensive evaluation of water ecological environment in watersheds: a case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
Authors: Xu Yue , Yang Li , Zhang Chi , Zhu Jun-qi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Yangtze River Economic Belt, as an inland economic zone with global influence, has shown a trend of prosperous economic development in recent years. In 2020, the total population of the Yangtze River Economic Belt accounted for nearly 50% of China's total population, and the GDP has reached 471,580 billion yuan. With economy developing, water pollution, resource depletion and many other environmental problems continue to emerge. Steady state of water ecological environment is an important part of ecological security. In order to investigate the regional water ecological security state, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator system with the framework of “Driving force-Carrying source-State-Management” (DCSM). The entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each indicator, and then the weighted rank sum ratio model is introduced to classify the water ecological environment of Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019. Finally, the adversarial interpretative structure model is used to refine the ranking of each region. The results show that (1) The overall state of water ecology in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is at a medium level, with different regional divergent shortcomings in the upper, middle and lower basins. (2) Regional differences are obvious. The overall performance of the upper reaches is stronger than the middle and lower reaches and it can also founded that Zhejiang and Jiangsu present certain particularities which can be concluded as follow: the regions which consider traditional industrialization as the main development path perform worse. (3) It can be seen that from the sub-system level, the carrying state and water ecological management sub-system is highly correlated with the quality of water ecological environment. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to pay attention to the overall water ecological safety in the basin and promote the sustainable development of water ecology.
Can repair increase the survival of failed restorations when compared with replacement? Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Garbim Jonathan Rafael , Laux Caroline Mariano , Kim Sabrina Jin Hee , Moro Bruna Lorena Pereira , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Wanderley Marcia Turolla , Raggio Daniela Prócida 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The aim of this systematic review was to collect and compare survival data of repair and replacement techniques for restoration failure in both dentitions. Methods: To conduct a systematic review to gather and compare survival data between repair and replacement techniques in failed restorations of primary and permanent teeth. The systematic searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest and OpenSigle databases. Two independent calibrated reviewers (kappa=0.87) assessed as inclusion criteria: (1) Repair or replacement studies, (2) success, longevity, or survival data, (3) randomized clinical controlled trials; and for the exclusion criteria (1) Loss to follow-up over 30%, (2) less than 12 months follow-up, (3) anterior teeth. The risk of bias was assessed by the RoB 2 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Meta-analysis was conducted considering the treatment’s survival rate. Results: We identified 4,070 potentially relevant publications, after removing duplicates and assessing title and abstracts, 2,115 studies were ineligible because they were not about repair and replacement, did not have percentage survival data, or were not RCTs. Seven remaining articles were assessed for the exclusion criteria, and we found all papers for full-text analysis. Three studies were included in the quantitative analysis, all evaluating permanent dentition. A standard follow-up time between studies was collected, and the pooled survival rate between studies was 99% after three years. There was no statistically significant difference between approaches and no heterogeneity between studies. All included studies had a high risk of bias. The certainty of evidence for the outcome measure of success between repair and replacement interventions in failed restorations is very low.Conclusion: The longevity for both techniques appers to be similar. However, the certainty of evidence is very low, and the trials have a high rick of bias.
Impacts of Herbal Extracts and Different Dietary Oil Sources on Performance, Tibia bone characteristics and Mineralization of Broiler Chicken
Authors: Saleh Hassan , Mirakzehi Mohammad Taher , Jangjou Omid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the supplementation of Withania coagulans extracts (fruit (WCF) and root (WCR)) and two oil types (linseed oil (LO) and fish oil (FO)) on the growth performance, tibia bone characteristics, calcium and phosphorus content in tibia and serum, biochemical indicators of bone metabolism, and some blood parameter in broilers. The experimental materials comprised 720 male Ross 308 broilers (nine treatments, 8 replications, 10 birds per replication). Dietary treatments included: basal diet (control), 200mg/kg WCR, 200 mg WCF /kg, 2% FO, or 2% LO added to basal diet. BW and BWG increased at 1– 21 and 22–42 days with an adding FO and WCF compared to the control group. The highest values of stiffness, ultimate load, and BMD were obtained supplemented with a mixture of FO + WCF, while the lowest Stiffness, ultimate load, and BMD were observed basal diet without supplement. Increased serum calcium and tibia calcium levels observed by diets containing fish oil supplemented with WC extracts compared to other groups (P < 0.05). LO and FO supplementation reduced PGE2 concentration compared to other groups treatment (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in serum TRAP levels in all experimental groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, feeding a combination of oil source (FO) and extract (WCF) improved the performance of birds, increased bone characterized and calcium levels in serum and tibia by altering biochemical indicators of bone metabolism in serum.
Dietary fibers boost gut microbiota-produced B vitamin pool and alter host immune landscape
Authors: Parrish Amy , Grant Erica , Boudaud Marie , Hunewald Oliver , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Ollert Markus , Fukuda Shinji , Desai Mahesh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dietary fibers can alter microbial metabolic output in support of healthy immune function, however, the impact of distinct fiber sources and immunomodulatory effects beyond short-chain fatty acid production are underexplored. In an effort to discern the effects of diverse fibers on host immunity, we employed five distinct rodent diets with varying fiber content and source in specific-pathogen-free, gnotobiotic (containing a 14-member synthetic human gut microbiota), and germ-free mice. Broad-scale metabolomic analysis of cecal contents showed a reduction in microbiota-produced B vitamins during fiber deprivation. Fiber deprivation shifted the ratio of transcripts corresponding to bacterial enzymes involved in B vitamin synthesis versus downstream utilization, resulting in a net reduction of host-available B vitamins. Broad immunophenotyping identified that the local gut effector immune populations and activated T cells accumulate in a microbiota-dependent manner. Supplementation with the prebiotic inulin recovered the availability of microbial-produced B vitamin and restored immune homeostasis. Our findings highlight the biotechnological potential of defined fiber polysaccharides to boost microbiota-derived B vitamin availability to the host and regulate local innate and adaptive immune populations, which may have critical implications for immune homeostasis in a variety of diseases.
Prevalence of dermatophytes infections at three elementary schools in Cape Verde
Authors: Correia Edmilson Emanuel Monteiro , Mota Marta , Veiga Luciano Vagner Ascenção de Melo , Gonçalves Teresa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dermatophytoses are infectious skin diseases of public health importance because of their transmissibility and high prevalence, especially among school-age children. This is the first study aiming to estimate and report the burden of dermatophytoses on school-age children in Cape Verde. Children attending the afternoon shift of three elementary schools in the city of Achada Igreja, Cape Verde were observed; samples were collected from 60 students with suspected lesions, including hair, nails, and skin scraping. A total of 19 dermatophyte isolates were obtained, corresponding to a point prevalence of 7.63%. Morphological species identification demonstrated 3 different species Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton violaceum; re-identification by sequencing the (Internal transcribed spacer) ITS-5.8S rDNA region revealed T. soudanense as the most prevalent species, with only one case of T. rubrum. We document T. soudanense infections in the skin, nails, and scalp, and not only as an agent of tinea capitis as described before. This study reinforces the need of using culture and accurate identification methodologies for gathering epidemiological trends of dermatophytoses throughout the archipelago, especially in school-age students.
Entangling Billions of Motional Atoms and an Optical Loop at Ambient Condition
Authors: Jin Xian-Min , Pang Xiao-Ling , Dou Jian-Peng , Li Hang , Zhang Chaoni , Yang Tian-Huai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Quantum entanglement recognized by Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen and Schrodinger is the essence of quantum physics, and has become a real available resource in the laboratory over recent years. The observation of quantum entanglement in macroscopic matters has implications in the fundamental studies of quantum mechanics, as well as the implementations of quantum information technologies, such as quantum communication, enhanced sensing and distributed quantum computing. Here, we report the creation and storage of the heralded entanglement between two different types of broadband quantum memories located on separated platforms at room temperature: a single-photon entangled state delocalized between billions of motional atoms as a collective excitation and an all-optical loop as a flying qubit. The stored entangled state is subsequently retrieved after a programmable storage time, and is verified by measuring the nonclassical correlations, quantum interference, and concurrence of the mapped-out Raman-scattered photons. Our results show that quantum entanglement can be sustained in macroscopic matters at ambient condition, which pushes the fundamental researches of the transition boundary between quantum and classical worlds. Also, the two quantum memories constitute a hybrid memory-built-in quantum network, which highlights the potential of the cooperation between an stationary atomic ensemble and an all-optical loop as quantum nodes at ambient condition, and brings a significant step towards practical quantum networks.
Solving Steady-State Wave Responses of One-Dimensional Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Lattices with Strong Nonlinearities Based on an Improved Incremental Harmonic Balance Method
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Wang Xuefeng , Zhao Jian , Zhang Jian , Huang Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The nonlinearity plays an important role in modulation of wave propagation characteristics, such as the adjustment of band structures by media nonlinearities. When strong nonlinearities are involved in a multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DoF) wave propagation problem, traditional methods have difficulties to solve it accurately and efficiently due to the growth of dimensions. An algorithm based on an improved incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is developed in this work to obtain steady-state solutions of a general wave problem with complex nonlinearities. A multi-DoF wave problem is firstly transformed to a delay differential equation (DDE), and Jacobian matrices of a harmonic balanced residual of the DDE can be directly constructed by conducting fast Fourier transform of the residual without any numerical integration. The algorithm decouples wave vectors from basis functions to significantly reduce the number of the functions, and it is more efficient than that based on a traditional IHB method of solving a wave problem, especially for the case that high-order basis functions are involved to handle strong nonlinearities. Moreover, the nonlinear wave problem can be solved when frequencies are given and wave vectors unknown, which is a challenge of a traditional IHB method. In this work, one-dimensional diatomic lattices with Hertz contact law and cubic spring models are studied as examples, where dispersion curves and bandgap properties are generated. Results show that it is necessary to use high-order Fourier functions to obtain accurate steady-state responses when strong nonlinearities exist. Results also show that the convergence rate of the method with use of a fixed frequency is faster than that of a fixed wave vector.