bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Current Accuracy, Cost-Effectiveness, and Uses of Musculoskeletal Telehealth and Telerehabilitation Services
Authors: Rennie Katherine , Taylor Charles , Corriero Anna Chiara , Chong Collin , Sewell Edward , Hadley James , Ardani Shina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Musculoskeletal conditions are a major contributor to global morbidity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians needed to rapidly meet the evolving requirements of their patients, which resulted in an increased adoption of telehealth services. This area needs more research, as there is currently a paucity of studies, and telehealth practices are continuing to advance and evolve. This study subsequently aims to evaluate the ethics, health economics, and accuracy of current musculoskeletal telehealth services. This article combines three original studies; a telehealth accuracy systematic review; a cost-effectiveness scoping review; and a biopsychosocial narrative review. These studies were combined into one article. This article concludes that telehealth services achieve an average agreement with in-person assessments of 62% for the knee and 31% for the shoulder and that telerehabilitation services incur average cost savings per patient of £38.57 but that these savings are primarily a result of a reduced need to travel.
A simple approach for extending up to the ultra-relativistic limit the theory of a non-relativistic Fermi gas
Authors: Grave de Peralta Luis 
Published: July 2022

Background: The theory of a Fermi gas constitutes a useful physical model with multiple applications from solid state to stellar physics. The theory of a non-relativistic Fermi gas is relatively simple when compared with the one for a relativistic Fermi gas. Therefore, it would be useful if a rigorous theory of a relativistic Fermi gas could be constructed like the theory of a non-relativistic Fermi gas. Methods: Such a theory, for T > 0 K, is presented here. It is based on using a recently reported formula for the energies of a relativistic spin-0 particle in a three-dimensional infinite well. The Pauli exclusion principle is used for taking care of the fermion nature of the particles forming a Fermi gas. Results: A unified description of a Fermi gas at low temperatures is presented. This description is valid from the non-relativistic to the ultra-relativistic limits. Moreover, it is simple. The theory follows the relatively simple approach often used for constructing the theory of a non-relativistic Fermi gas. Conclusions: The ultra-relativistic results reported here are often obtained using a different approach than the one used in this work. These results are not new, but they corroborate the correctness of the presented approach. In addition, the relative simplicity of the approach presented in this work allows for teaching the theory of a relativistic Fermi gas in introductory quantum mechanics courses.
High-risk human-caused pathogen exposure events from 1975-2016
Authors: Manheim David , Lewis Gregory 
Published: July 2022

Biological agents and infectious pathogens have the potential to cause very significant harm, as the natural occurrence of disease and pandemics makes clear. As a way to better understand the risk of Global Catastrophic Biological Risks due to human activities, rather than natural sources, this paper reports on a dataset of 71 incidents involving either accidental or purposeful exposure to, or infection by, a highly infectious pathogenic agent. There has been significant effort put into both reducing the risk of purposeful spread of biological weapons, and biosafety intended to prevent the exposure to, or release of, dangerous pathogens in the course of research. Despite these efforts, there are incidents of various types that could potentially be controlled or eliminated by different lab and/or bioweapon research choices and safety procedures. The dataset of events presented here was compiled during a project conducted in 2019 to better understand biological risks from anthropic sources. The events which are listed are unrelated to clinical treatment of naturally occurring outbreaks, and are instead entirely the result of human decisions and mistakes. While the events cover a wide range of cases, the criteria used covers a variety of events previously scattered across academic, policy, and other unpublished or not generally available sources.
Bias from questionnaire invitation and response in COVID-19 research: an example using ALSPAC
Authors: Fernández-Sanlés Alba , Smith Daniel , Clayton Gemma L , Northstone Kate , Carter Alice R , Millard Louise AC , Borges Maria Carolina , Timpson Nicholas John , Tilling Kate , Griffith Gareth J , Lawlor Deborah A. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Longitudinal studies are crucial for identifying potential risk factors for infection with, and consequences of, COVID-19, but relationships can be biased if they are associated with invitation and response to data collection. We describe factors relating to questionnaire invitation and response in COVID-19 questionnaire data collection in a multigenerational birth cohort (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC). Methods: We analysed online questionnaires completed between the beginning of the pandemic and easing of the first UK lockdown by participants with valid email addresses who had not actively disengaged from the study. We assessed associations of pre-pandemic sociodemographic, behavioural, anthropometric and health-related factors with: i) being sent a questionnaire; ii) returning a questionnaire; and iii) item response (for specific questions). Analyses were conducted in three cohorts: the index children born in the early 1990s (now young adults; 41 variables assessed), their mothers (35 variables) and the mothers’ partners (27 variables). Results: Of 14,849 young adults, 41% were sent a questionnaire, of whom 57% returned one. Item response was >95%. In this cohort, 78% of factors were associated with being sent a questionnaire, 56% with returning one, and, as an example of item response, 20% with keyworker status response. For instance, children from mothers educated to degree-level had greater odds of being sent a questionnaire (OR=5.59; 95% CI=4.87-6.41), returning one (OR=1.60; 95% CI=1.31-1.95), and responding to items (e.g., keyworker status OR=1.65; 95% CI=0.88-3.04), relative to children from mothers with fewer qualifications. Invitation and response rates and associations were similar in all cohorts. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering potential biases due to non-response when using longitudinal studies in COVID-19 research and interpreting results. We recommend researchers report response rates and factors associated with invitation and response in all COVID-19 observational research studies, which can inform sensitivity analyses.
Validation and clinical application of a method to quantify efavirenz in cervicovaginal secretions from flocked swabs using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Olagunju Adeniyi , Nwogu Jacinta , Eniayewu Oluwasegun , Atoyebi Shakir , Amara Alieu , Kpamor John , Bolaji Oluseye , Adejuyigbe Ebunoluwa , Owen Andrew , Khoo Saye 
Published: July 2022

Background : A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify drugs in dried cervicovaginal secretions from flocked swabs was developed and validated using the antiretroviral efavirenz as an example. Methods: Cervicovaginal swabs (CVS) were prepared by submerging flocked swabs in efavirenz-spiked plasma matrix. Time to full saturation, weight uniformity, recovery and room temperature stability were evaluated. Chromatographic separation was on a reverse-phase C18 column by gradient elution using 1mM ammonium acetate in water/acetonitrile at 400 µL/min. Detection and quantification were on a TSQ Quantum Access triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in negative ionisation mode. The method was used to quantify efavirenz in CVS samples from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women in the VADICT study (NCT03284645). A total of 98 samples (35 paired intensive CVS and DBS pharmacokinetic samples, 14 paired sparse CVS and DBS samples) from 19 participants were available for this analysis. Results: Swabs were fully saturated within 15 seconds, absorbing 128 µL of plasma matrix with coefficient of variation (%CV) below 1.3%. The method was linear with a weighting factor (1/X) in the range of 25-10000 ng/mL with inter- and intra-day precision (% CV) of 7.69-14.9%, and accuracy (% bias) of 99.1-105.3%. Mean recovery of efavirenz from CVS was 83.8% (%CV, 11.2) with no significant matrix effect. Efavirenz remained stable in swabs for at least 35 days after drying and storage at room temperature. Median (range) CVS efavirenz AUC 0-24h was 16370 ng*h/mL (5803-22088), C max was 1618 ng/mL (610-2438) at a T max of 8.0 h (8.0-12), and C min was 399 ng/mL (110-981). Efavirenz CVS:plasma AUC 0-24h ratio was 0.41 (0.20-0.59). Conclusions: Further application of this method will improve our understanding of the pharmacology of other therapeutics in the female genital tract, including in low- and middle-income countries.
SAFE FOOD FOR PATIENTS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD OF PRODUCING PROTEIN-FREE PASTA PRODUCTS
Authors: Litvyak Vladimir V. , Bykova Svetlana T. , Roslyakov Yuri F. , Kuzina Lidia B. 
Published: July 2022

Background. At the moment, there is only a little information about the formulations of protein-free food products. Therefore, developing innovative methods of obtaining protein-free pasta is relevant for medicine and dietetics.
The object of study. Phenylketonuria, pasta from native starches, extrusion starches, dried fruit puree, modified cellulose, gum, free amino acids, vitamins, minerals, salt.
Results. The article, for the first time, proposes an original method for the production of pasta with low protein content, including dough preparation, shaping, and drying, which differs from previously known ones in that starch (potato or corn, or tapioca, or rice, or wheat, or their mixtures of various ratios) extrusion modified, modified cellulose and gum: guar or xanthan, as an enriching additive are used: vitamins and vitamin-like substances: A or C, or B1, or B2, or B3, or B4, or B5, or B6, or B7 or B8 or B9 or B10 or B11 or B12 or Bs or B13 or B14 or B15 or D or E or H or H1 or P or K or N, or Q, or U, β-carotene, or mixtures thereof in various ratios, free amino acids: ala or gly, or val, or ser, or leu, or ile, or pro, or thr, or his, or met, or cys, or tyr, or trp, or asn, or asp, or gln, or glu, or arg, or lys, or mixtures thereof various ratios, minerals: Ca3(PO4)2 or MgO, or FeSO4, or ZnO, or CuSO4, or MnSO4, or Na2SeO3, or KI, or mixtures thereof in various ratios or dry puree from: apples or papayas, or pears, or persimmons, or pomegranate, or melon, or grapes, or mango, or figs, or radishes, or cashews, or pineapple, or tangerines, and as a food flavor – salt: sea, table or table iodized, as well as their mixtures of various ratios, are prepared kneading the dough with a total moisture content of the mixture of 35%, then molding is carried out at 60–85°C and drying at 25°C for 24 hours.
Conclusion. The following mixtures are the most optimal: 1) amino acids: ala, arg, asp, cys, gly, glu, his, ile, leu, met, pro, ser, thr, trp, tyr, val at a ratio of 1.8: 2: 6 .2 : 2.1 : 1 : 11.7 : 1.3 : 3.8 : 11.6 : 4.8 : 1.4 : 4.1 : 3.5 : 3.2 : 1.6 : 3 .7: 3.4; 2) vitamins and vitamin-like substances: A, D3, E, β-carotene, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, B7, C at a ratio of 132.1 : 2.4 : 8095 : 57.1 : 50 : 71.4 : 476.2 : 595.2 : 23.8 : 11.9 : 1 : 1.7 : 9523.8; 3) minerals: Ca3(PO4)2, MgO, FeSO4, ZnO, CuSO4, MnSO4, Na2SeO3, KI at a ratio of 34000 : 3000 : 70 : 300 : 40 : 1000 : 1 : 7.
Hyperfine structure and absolute frequency of 127I2 transitions at 514  nm for wavelength standards at 1542  nm
Authors: Ikeda Kohei , Kobayashi Takumi , Yoshiki Mayuko , Akamatsu Daisuke , Hong Feng-Lei 
Published: July 2022

The hyperfine structures of the P(57)45-0, P(91)48-0, and R(73)46-0 lines of molecular iodine (

127

I

2

) at 514 nm were studied using third-harmonic generation of a 1542 nm external-cavity diode laser and Doppler-free spectroscopy. The frequencies of the 1542 nm diode laser locked to the hyperfine transitions of these iodine lines are close to those of the P(16) transition in the

ν
1

+

ν
3

band of acetylene (

13

C

2

H

2

), which is used as a wavelength standard for telecom applications. The absolute frequencies of the observed 59 iodine hyperfine transitions were determined with an uncertainty of 5.4 kHz (fractional uncertainty of

9.3

×

10

−
12

). Highly accurate hyperfine constants were obtained through fitting of the measured hyperfine splittings to a four-term Hamiltonian that includes electric quadrupole, spin–rotation, tensor spin–spin, and scalar spin–spin interactions with an uncertainty of a few kHz. The observed hyperfine transitions provide wavelength standards for telecom applications with various optical frequencies and reduced uncertainties compared with the acetylene wavelength standard.
Power output from 12 brands of contemporary LED light-curing units measured using 2 brands of radiometers
Authors: Maucoski Cristiane , Price Richard B. , Arrais Cesar A. , Sullivan Braden 
Published: July 2022

Background
Given the increasing use of photo-activated resins in dentistry, dentists and researchers need a user-friendly dental radiometer to measure the power output from dental light-curing units (LCUs).

Objective
Our goal was to measure the accuracy of two brands of dental radiometers in reporting the power (mW) from twelve brands of contemporary LCUs compared to a ‘gold standard’ (GS) reference value obtained from an integrating sphere attached to a fiberoptic spectroradiometer.

Methods
The power output was measured from two units of 12 brands of LCUs, five times on the ‘‘GS” system, five times on two Bluephase Meter II dental radiometers, and five times on two Mini Gig hand-held spectroradiometers. The emission spectrum was also recorded using the ‘GS’ integrating sphere. The power values reported by each meter were subjected to t-tests to compare the two examples of each LCU, and 3-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc tests. Regression analyses were also performed to determine the relationship between the data from the hand-held radiometers and the ‘GS’ integrating sphere.

Results
There was a large difference in the power values (mW) and the emission spectra from the 12 brands of LCUs on their standard-settings (p<0.001). Except for one LCU (Dental Spark @ 15.1%), the differences between the two LCUs of the same brand were less than 5.3% when measured using the ‘GS’ integrating sphere. Regression analyses showed a highly significant agreement between the power values reported from the two brands of radiometers and the ‘GS’ integrating sphere (R2 > 98%).

Conclusion
We concluded that the power values reported from both brands of dental radiometers we tested were accurate, provided that the light source did not emit wavelengths of light that were beyond the radiometer’s detection limit.
Intention to comply with solid waste management practices among households in Butajira town, Southern Ethiopia using the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Fikadu Semu Debebe , Sadore Abinet Arega , Agafari Gizachew Beykaso , Agide Feleke Doyore 
Published: July 2022

Background
One of the world’s most serious environmental issues is solid waste management. It is critical for researchers to understand the intention to comply with solid waste management. Thus, we aim to determine the intention to comply with solid waste management practice among households in Butajira Town using the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Method
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 422 households in Butajira from June 1 to June 30, 2020. The constructs and principles of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) were measured. We selected using a systematic sampling method and collected data by using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The predictors of intention to practice solid waste management were identified using a multivariable linear regression model. A P-value of less than 5% was considered to declare a significant association.

Results
The findings demonstrated that intention to practice solid waste management explained 86% of the variance explained by all predictors. The perceived behavioral control construct had the greatest impact on households’ behavioral intentions to comply with solid waste management practice (β = 0.16; CI (0.14, 0.18), followed by attitude (β = 0.15; CI (0.11, 0.21) and subjective norms (β = 0.12; CI (0.06, 0.17).

Conclusion
Our study also found that intention has a substantial influence on the behavior of solid waste management practices. Therefore, there is a need to enhance service utilization for solid waste management and to improve outdoor solid waste dropping behavior through door-to-door collection services by municipality. Furthermore, further longitudinal research should be done through intervention mapping.
Associations of metabolic syndrome and metabolically unhealthy obesity with cancer mortality: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study
Authors: Nguyen Tien Van , Arisawa Kokichi , Katsuura-Kamano Sakurako , Ishizu Masashi , Nagayoshi Mako , Okada Rieko , Hishida Asahi , Tamura Takashi , Hara Megumi , Tanaka Keitaro , Nishimoto Daisaku , Shibuya Keiichi , Koyama Teruhide , Watanabe Isao , Suzuki Sadao , Nishiyama Takeshi , Kuriki Kiyonori , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Saito Yoshino , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Otonari Jun , N. Koyanagi Yuriko , Matsuo Keitaro , Mikami Haruo , Kusakabe Miho , Takeuchi Kenji , Wakai Kenji 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of death from cancer is still a controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of MetS and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) with cancer mortality in a Japanese population.

Methods
We used data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. The study population consisted of 28,554 eligible subjects (14,103 men and 14,451 women) aged 35–69 years. MetS was diagnosed based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (JASSO), using the body mass index instead of waist circumference. The Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total cancer mortality in relation to MetS and its components. Additionally, the associations of obesity and the metabolic health status with cancer mortality were examined.

Results
During an average 6.9-year follow-up, there were 192 deaths from cancer. The presence of MetS was significantly correlated with increased total cancer mortality when the JASSO criteria were used (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.04–2.21), but not when the NCEP-ATP III criteria were used (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.78–1.53). Metabolic risk factors, elevated fasting blood glucose, and MUHO were positively associated with cancer mortality (P <0.05).

Conclusion
MetS diagnosed using the JASSO criteria and MUHO were associated with an increased risk of total cancer mortality in the Japanese population.
Assessment of left atrial fibrosis progression in canines following rapid ventricular pacing using 3D late gadolinium enhanced CMR images
Authors: Farrag Nadia A. , Thornhill Rebecca E. , Prato Frank S. , Skanes Allan C. , Sullivan Rebecca , Sebben David , Butler John , Sykes Jane , Wilk Benjamin , Ukwatta Eranga 
Published: July 2022

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and often coexists with myocardial fibrosis (MF); however, the causality of these conditions is not well established.

Objective
We aim to corroborate AF to MF causality by quantifying left atrial (LA) fibrosis in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images after persistent rapid ventricular pacing and subsequent AF using a canine model and histopathological validation.

Methods
Twelve canines (9 experimental, 3 control) underwent baseline 3D LGE-CMR imaging at 3T followed by insertion of a pacing device and 5 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing to induce AF (experimental) or no pacing (control). Following the 5 weeks, pacing devices were removed to permit CMR imaging followed by excision of the hearts and histopathological imaging. LA myocardial segmentation was performed manually at baseline and post-pacing to permit volumetric %MF quantification using the image intensity ratio (IIR) technique, wherein fibrosis was defined as pixels > mean LA myocardium intensity + 2SD.

Results
Volumetric %MF increased by an average of 2.11 ± 0.88% post-pacing in 7 of 9 experimental dogs. While there was a significant difference between paired %MF measurements from baseline to post-pacing in experimental dogs (P = 0.019), there was no significant change in control dogs (P = 0.019 and P = 0.5, Wilcoxon signed rank tests). The median %MF for paced animals was significantly greater than that of non-paced dogs at the 5-week post-insertion time point (P = 0.009, Mann Whitney U test). Histopathological imaging yielded an average %MF of 19.42 ± 4.80% (mean ± SD) for paced dogs compared to 1.85% in one control dog.

Conclusion
Persistent rapid ventricular pacing and subsequent AF leads to an increase in LA fibrosis volumes measured by the IIR technique; however, quantification is limited by inherent image acquisition parameters and observer variability.
The prevalence, risk factors analysis and evaluation of two diagnostic techniques for the detection of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheic sheep from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Naimat Ullah , Usman Tahir , Sarwar Mian Saeed , Ali Hazrat , Gohar Ali , Asif Muhammad , Rabbani Fazli , Khan Rifat Ullah , Sultana Nighat , Khan Nazir Ahmad , Mobashar Muhammad , Shah Assar Ali , Wanapat Metha 
Published: July 2022

Background
Cryptosporidium spp. is recognized as an opportunistic zoonotic parasite that infects humans as well as wild and domestic animals. This enteric protozoan is a major cause of diarrhea in humans and animals and often result in death due to severe dehydration. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence, identification of various risk factors and evaluation of sensitivity of the two diagnostic techniques for rapid and correct detection of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheic sheep in Pakistan.

Methods
A total of 360 fecal samples were collected and processed for detection of Cryptosporidium infection after proper preservation. These samples were properly stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid staining and then examined under simple microscope at 100x magnification for confirmation of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The same samples were again processed through simple PCR for confirmation of the Cryptosporidium spp.

Results
The age wise prevalence was detected through simple microscopy and PCR. We found highest prevalence at the age of ≤1 year followed by 1–2 years of age while the lowest prevalence was recorded at the age of ≥ 2–3 years of sheep and found significant difference between different ages (P<0.05). The sex wise prevalence showed the highest prevalence in male (♂) animals detected compared to female (♀). The overall prevalence was detected 27.08% and 18.80% through PCR and simple microscopy, respectively, and significant difference between two diagnostic techniques were observed (P<0.05). Considering the seasonality, the highest prevalence was recorded through simple microscopy in autumn, summer, and spring, while the lowest in winter. These results were confirmed through PCR.

Conclusion
It was concluded that molecular detection is the most efficient, specific and sensitive technique for detection of Cryptosporidium infection than simple microscopy. Moreover sheep is the major potential source of infection to other wild and domestic animals including humans.