bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morpho-kinematic Modeling of the Expanding Ejecta of the Extremely Slow Nova V1280 Scorpii
Authors: Naito Hiroyuki , Tajitsu Akito , Ribeiro Valério A. R. M. , Arai Akira , Maehara Hiroyuki , Kouzuma Shinjirou , Iijima Takashi , Okazaki Atsuo T. , Watanabe Makoto , Takagi Seiko , Watanabe Fumitake , Sakon Itsuki , Sadakane Kozo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of the morphology of nova ejecta is essential for fully understanding the physical processes involved in nova eruptions. We studied the 3D morphology of the expanding ejecta of the extremely slow nova V1280 Sco with a unique light curve. Synthetic line profile spectra were compared to the observed [O iii] λλ4959, 5007 and [N ii] λ5755 emission line profiles in order to find the best-fit morphology, inclination angle, and maximum expansion velocity of the ejected shell. We derive the best-fitting expansion velocity, inclination, and squeeze as

V

exp

=

2100

−
100

+
100

km s−1,

i
=

80

−
3

+
1

deg, and

squ
=

1.0

−
0.1

+
0.0

using [O iii] line profiles, and

V

exp

=

1600

−
100

+
100

km s−1,

i
=

81

−
4

+
2

deg, and

squ
=

1.0

−
0.1

+
0.0

using the [N ii] λ5755 line profile. A high inclination angle is consistent with the observational results showing multiple absorption lines originating from clumpy gases, which are produced in dense and slow equatorially focused outflows. Based on additional observational features such as optical flares near the maximum light and dust formation on V1280 Sco, a model of internal shock interaction between slow ejecta and fast wind proposed for the γ-ray emission detected in other novae seems to be applicable to this extremely slow and peculiar nova. Increasing the sample size of novae whose morphology is studied will be helpful in addressing long-standing mysteries in novae such as the dominant energy source to power the optical light at the maximum, optical flares near the maximum, clumpiness of the ejecta, and dust formation.
A Multiwavelength Study of GRS 1716-249 in Outburst: Constraints on Its System Parameters
Authors: Saikia Payaswini , Russell David M. , Baglio M. C. , Bramich D. M. , Casella Piergiorgio , Trigo Maria Diaz , Gandhi Poshak , Jiang Jiachen , Maccarone Thomas , Soria Roberto , Al Noori Hind , Al Yazeedi Aisha , Alabarta Kevin , Belloni Tomaso , Bel Marion Cadolle , Ceccobello Chiara , Corbel Stéphane , Fender Rob , Gallo Elena , Homan Jeroen , Koljonen Karri , Lewis Fraser , Markoff Sera B. , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Rodriguez Jerome , Russell Thomas D. , Shahbaz Tariq , Sivakoff Gregory R. , Testa Vincenzo , Tetarenko Alexandra J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present a detailed study of the evolution of the Galactic black hole transient GRS 1716−249 during its 2016–2017 outburst at optical (Las Cumbres Observatory), mid-infrared (Very Large Telescope), near-infrared (Rapid Eye Mount telescope), and ultraviolet (the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope) wavelengths, along with archival radio and X-ray data. We show that the optical/near-infrared and UV emission of the source mainly originates from a multi-temperature accretion disk, while the mid-infrared and radio emission are dominated by synchrotron emission from a compact jet. The optical/UV flux density is correlated with the X-ray emission when the source is in the hard state, consistent with an X-ray irradiated accretion disk with an additional contribution from the viscous disk during the outburst fade. We find evidence for a weak, but highly variable jet component at mid-infrared wavelengths. We also report the long-term optical light curve of the source and find that the quiescent

i

′

-band magnitude is 21.39 ± 0.15 mag. Furthermore, we discuss how previous estimates of the system parameters of the source are based on various incorrect assumptions, and so are likely to be inaccurate. By comparing our GRS 1716−249 data set to those of other outbursting black hole X-ray binaries, we find that while GRS 1716−249 shows similar X-ray behavior, it is noticeably optically fainter, if the literature distance of 2.4 kpc is adopted. Using several lines of reasoning, we argue that the source distance is further than previously assumed in the literature, likely within 4–17 kpc, with a most likely range of ∼4–8 kpc.
Hybrid Origins of the Cosmic-Ray Nucleus Spectral Hardening at a Few Hundred GV
Authors: Niu 牛 Jia-Shu 家树 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Many experiments have confirmed the spectral hardening at a few hundred GV of cosmic-ray (CR) nucleus spectra, and three general different origins have been proposed: the primary source acceleration, the propagation, and the superposition of different kinds of sources. The AMS-02 CR nucleus spectra of He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and B (which includes B and its dominating parent species) are collected to study the necessity of employing a break in diffusion coefficient and independent breaks in primary source injection spectra to reproduce the spectral hardening at a few hundred GV. For comparison, three different schemes are introduced to do the global fitting. The fitting results show that both the break in diffusion coefficient and the independent breaks in primary source injection spectra are needed, which correspond to the spatially dependent propagation and the superposition of different kinds of sources, respectively. Consequently, the nucleus spectral hardening in a few hundred GV should have hybrid origins. Moreover, the CR spectral indices of He and Ne show large deviations from other species in the low-rigidity region, which indicates their different CR origins.
Remote ischemic preconditioning combined with atorvastatin improves memory after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in male rats
Authors: Hedayatpour Azim , Shiasi Maryam , Modarresi Peyman , Bashghareh Alieh 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Damage to hippocampus can occur through ischemia. Memory problems are among the most significant disabilities after stroke. Therefore, improving memory is of great interest in helping post-stroke patients. This study demonstrated that intraperitoneally injection of atorvastatin with a short cycle of ischemia-reperfusion in the left femoral artery improved hippocampal CA1 neurons injury and memory problems after global cerebral ischemia.
Materials and methods: In this article survey, we used 64 animals. Rats were divided into 8 groups, (n=8). Group 1: control; group 2: sham; group 3: global cerebral ischemia (GCI) only; group 4: remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) + GCI; group 5: GCI + atorvastatin (ATO); group 6: GCI + vehicle; group 7: RIP + GCI + ATO; group 8: RIP + GCI + vehicle. We created global cerebral ischemia (GCI) with 20 min occlusion of the Common carotid artery.
Results and discussion: Remote ischemic preconditioning could improve rats performance in water maze tests along with a decrease in neuronal death. Also, atorvastatin combined with remote ischemic preconditioning was more effec­tive for memory improvement and reduction of neuronal death. Inconsistent with our result, the function of the animals in the ischemia group was impaired. CA1 hippocampal neurons have an important role in memory and learning, and they can be damaged after cerebral ischemia. Therefore, ischemia can create memory problems. Remote ischemic preconditioning and atorvastatin had a neuroprotective effect and could improve rat performance in water maze test.
Conclusion: This study showed that remote ischemic preconditioning with atorvastatin could improve CA1 neuronal injury and memory.
Comment l’intention d’implémentation facilite-t-elle le changement comportemental ? Des habitudes instantanées à la cognition incarnée
Authors: Legrand Eve , Mignon Astrid 
Published: June 2022

Se former une intention d’implémentation (« si je rencontre la situation X, alors je réaliserai la réponse Y dirigée vers le but Z ») favorise le passage d’une intention de but (« je veux Z ») à des actions concrètes. Cet article dresse une revue des processus de contrôle de l’action générés par cette technique. Nous analysons les processus impliqués dans l’initiation des actions puis ceux responsables de leur maintien. Nous verrons en particulier 1) comment l’intention d’implémentation peut modifier les habitudes passées, qui sont résistantes au changement ; 2) le caractère flexible et tenace de la poursuite effective d’un but lorsque cette technique a été formée ; 3) à la lumière du concept de simulations sensori-motrices, comment le simple fait de créer un lien verbal « si-alors » entre situation et réponse peut conduire à la production réelle de cette réponse.
Influence et nuisance dans les relations internationales
Authors: Buhler Pierre , Charillon Frédéric 
Published: June 2022

Pour imposer leur volonté sans utiliser la force, certains États déploient des stratégies d'influence. Selon la nature de leur régime, ils recourent plus ou moins à la séduction, l'attractivité, la contrainte, la nuisance ou encore la rémunération. Ces stratégies se déploient par différents canaux : médias, culture, éducation, entrisme et technologies numériques. Les pays européens prennent progressivement conscience de ces défis, mais ils se doivent d'agir plus vigoureusement.
Comment nommer la lignée humaine ? De l’ordre des Bimanes à la sous-tribu des hominiens
Authors: Lequin Mathilde 
Published: June 2022

À partir du xviii e siècle, la classification de l’humain dans le règne animal a fait l’objet de vifs débats, dans lesquels se sont notamment opposés les partisans de l’ordre des Bimanes et les défenseurs de l’ordre des Primates. Cet article retrace l’histoire des discussions relatives au statut taxinomique de l’humain, de la première édition du Système de la nature de Linné en 1735 jusqu’à nos jours. S’il se pose aujourd’hui en d’autres termes, le questionnement sur la place de l’humain dans le système zoologique est pourtant loin d’être clos. Depuis le milieu du xx e siècle, la désignation de la lignée humaine a varié à plusieurs reprises, des « hominidés » aux « homininés », aux « hominines », puis aux « hominiens ». La lignée humaine a été tantôt placée au rang taxinomique de la famille Hominidae (correspondant à la forme francisée « hominidés »), tantôt à celui d’une sous-tribu (Hominina, correspondant à la forme francisée « hominiens »). En identifiant les différentes raisons permettant d’expliquer ces changements dans la dénomination et la classification de l’humain, cet article met en évidence les enjeux philosophiques sous-jacents à ces querelles taxinomiques. Nous montrons que ces variations terminologiques ne relèvent pas d’une problématique strictement nomenclaturale : elles reflètent non seulement l’histoire des hypothèses sur la phylogénie des primates, mais aussi l’histoire des tensions entre anthropologie et zoologie, toujours présentes dans les débats sur les classifications de l’humain.
Les travaux zoologiques de Jacob Theodor Klein (1685-1759) et leur réception en France : une opposition mesurée au linnéisme
Authors: Schmitt Stéphane 
Published: June 2022

L’un des traits les plus remarquables de l’histoire naturelle au xviii e siècle est l’émergence, puis le triomphe du linnéisme. Cependant, cette approche ne fut pas acceptée sans difficulté et fit l’objet dans les années 1740 de critiques plus ou moins radicales, la plus célèbre étant celle de Buffon. Le présent article s’intéresse plus particulièrement à un auteur prussien, Jacob Theodor Klein, qui mit lui aussi en cause la classification linnéenne des animaux et proposa une distribution alternative plus simple, mieux adaptée, selon lui, à la pratique des naturalistes, spécialement à celle des collectionneurs. Ses idées trouvèrent un certain écho en Europe, notamment en France où plusieurs de ses ouvrages furent traduits, probablement à l’instigation de Réaumur.
Une méthodologie d’évaluation d’un dispositif d’aide aux primo-entrants à l’université
Authors: Bournaud Isabelle , Pamphile Patrick 
Published: June 2022

Evaluer un dispositif pédagogique est une préoccupation importante des universités françaises aujourd’hui. D’une part parce que ces dispositifs s’inscrivant dans la lutte contre l’échec massif en premier cycle universitaire, ils sont considérés comme un investissement; et d’autre part dans le cadre de l’amélioration de la qualité des formations. Cet article présente une méthodologie d’évaluation d’un dispositif pédagogique basée sur trois critères de qualité identifiés dans la littérature : l’efficacité pédagogique, l’efficience et l’équité pédagogique. Ces critères sont évalués à partir d’indicateurs calculés sur la perception de maîtrise rapportée par les étudiants sur les thèmes travaillés dans le dispositif. Cette méthodologie est illustrée sur un dispositif mis en place dans une des composantes de l’Université Paris-Saclay.
Construct validity and reliability of the perceived stress scale for nursing students in South Africa
Authors: Engelbrecht Michelle C. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Increased levels of stress in nursing students are negatively related to caring behaviours and also result in poorer job proficiency and nurses who are more inclined to leave the profession. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), developed by Sheu and colleagues, is one of the most cited instruments for measuring stress and sources of stress amongst nursing students in international studies. However, it has not been widely validated for this purpose.Objectives: This research aimed to test the construct validity and reliability of the PSS for South African nursing students.Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a Central South African University, and 471 of the 685 registered nursing students (68.8% response rate) participated in the study. Questionnaires were distributed and collected during classes. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the hypothesised six-factor latent structure and determine the construct validity of the PSS. The internal consistency of the PSS was measured using Cronbach’s alpha.Results: The model fit was a good fit and supported the six-factor latent structure as stress from (1) taking care of patients, (2) teachers and nursing staff, (3) assignments and workload, (4) peers and daily life, (5) lack of professional knowledge and skills and (6) clinical environment. Overall the PSS had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.93.Conclusion: The results confirm the construct validity and the internal consistency of the PSS for South African nursing students.
Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic Floodplain water snake, Lycodonomorphus obscuriventris FitzSimons, 1964
Authors: Keates Chad , Conradie Werner , Dalu Tatenda , Dondofema Farai , Riddel Eddie S. , Wasserman Ryan J. 
Published: June 2022

Lycodonomorphus is a genus of lamprophiid water snake endemic in Africa. Although widespread, abundant and presumably an important component of many aquatic and semi-aquatic food webs, these snakes are poorly understood taxonomically, particularly from a phylogenetic perspective. With only four of the nine species currently sequenced, this study attempts to improve our understanding of the evolutionary relationships within the genus through the phylogenetic placement of one of the most elusive species, Lycodonomorphus obscuriventris. Collected in the Ramsar declared Makuleke Wetlands in northern Kruger National Park (South Africa), the sample used in this study not only yielded the first DNA sequences for the taxon but also represented the most northerly South African record, bridging the gap between the southern and northern populations. The snake was sequenced for three partial mitochondrial genes (16S, Cyt-b, ND4) and one partial nuclear gene (c-mos) and phylogenetically placed, relative to the rest of the genus, using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). Sequence divergences between sister taxa were also estimated using pairwise distance analysis. The concatenated phylogenetic reconstruction yielded similar topological structuring when compared to phylogenies from past articles, with both the ML and BI algorithms recovering strong support for L. obscuriventris as sister to a clade comprising of L. whytii + L. laevissimus + L. rufulus. The phylogenetic placement, albeit based on a single sample, challenges the original placement (morphological) of L. obscuriventris as sub-specific within L. whytii, suggesting that multiple species concepts should be considered when delineating species within this group.Conservation implications: Prior to the discovery of the new record, the global distribution of L. obscuriventris was characterised by two disjunct populations. The new record bridges the distribution gap between these two populations, rendering the distribution continuous. This bodes well for the species as there is likely no barrier to gene flow, thereby buffering the species from localised threats given the more expansive distribution. Furthermore, given that the specimen was sampled from the Kruger National Park, the species is likely to be well-protected as much of its distribution within South Africa seems to fall within protected areas.
Perspectives on sexual history taking in routine primary care consultations in North West, South Africa: Disconnect between patients and doctors
Authors: Pretorius Deidré , Mlambo Motlatso G. , Couper Ian D. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Sexual history is rarely taken in routine consultations and research reported on common barriers that doctors experience, such as gender, age and cultural differences. This article focuses on how patients and doctors view sexual history taking during a consultation and their perspectives on barriers to and facilitators of sexual history taking.Aim: This study aimed to explore doctors’ and patients’ perspectives on sexual history taking during routine primary care consultations with patients at risk of sexual dysfunction.Setting: The research was conducted in primary care facilities in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda Health District, North West province.Methods: This was part of grounded theory research, involving 151 adult patients living with hypertension and diabetes and 21 doctors they consulted. Following recording of routine consultations, open-ended questions on the demographic questionnaire and brief interactions with patients and doctors were documented and analysed using open inductive coding. The code matrix and relations browsers in MaxQDA software were used.Results: There was a disconnect between patients and doctors regarding their expectations on initiating the discussion on sexual challenges and relational and clinical priorities in the consultation. Patients wanted a doctor who listens. Doctors wanted patients to tell them about sexual dysfunction. Other minor barriers included gender, age and cultural differences and time constraints.Conclusion: A disconnect between patients and doctors caused by the doctors’ perceived clinical priorities and screening expectations inhibited sexual history taking in a routine consultation in primary care.
Evaluation of the child growth monitoring programme in two Zimbabwean provinces
Authors: Marume Anesu , Mahomed Saajida , Archary Moherndran 
Published: June 2022

Background: The child growth monitoring (CGM) programme is an important element of nutrition programmes, and when combined with other child health programmes, it can assist in successful management and control of malnutrition in children.Aim: This study aimed to assess the extent to which the CGM programme is able to identify instances of childhood malnutrition and how much this contributes towards malnutrition reduction in Zimbabwe.Setting: The study was conducted in Manicaland and Matabeleland South provinces of Zimbabwe. The two provinces were purposively selected for having the highest and least proportion of children affected by stunting in the country.Methods: The CGM programme in Zimbabwe was evaluated using the logic model to assess the ability of the programme to identify growth faltering and link children to appropriate care.Results: Records from 60 health facilities were reviewed. Interviews were conducted with 60 nurses, 100 village health workers (VHWs) and 850 caregivers (300 health facility exit interviews, 450 community based). Nearly all (92%) health facilities visited had functional measuring scales. Twelve health facilities (20%) had no functional height board, with five using warped height boards for measuring children’s height. Less than a quarter (21%) of the children had complete records for weight for age and height for age. A large proportion of children eligible for admission for the management of moderate (83%) and severe malnutrition (84%) were missed.Conclusion: The CGM programme in Zimbabwe is not well equipped for assessing child height for age and management of children identified with malnutrition, thus failing to timely identify and manage childhood stunting.
Early removal of etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implant at a community health centre in Pretoria
Authors: Moeti Dikonketjo M.P. , Govender Indiran , Bongongo Tombo 
Published: June 2022

Background: The etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implant offers efficacy for three years, but some women remove it earlier than prescribed. This study discusses factors associated with the early removal of these implants at a Pretoria community health centre between 01 January 2020 to 30 June 2020.Methods: A cross-sectional study using a piloted and researcher assistant-administered questionnaire.Results: Of the 124 participants who removed their etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implant earlier than prescribed, most were single, unemployed, in the age group 30–39 years, Christian, with secondary level education and with parity one or more. Etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implant pre-insertion counselling was given to all participants, most of whom had not previously used contraceptives. Those participants with previous contraceptive use had used injectables. Long-term contraception was the main reason for getting the etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implant. Most participants did not attend post-insertion counselling. Heavy bleeding was the most common side effect and reason for early removal. Fifty-one participants kept the etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implant in for a longer period of 12–23 months. From participants’ responses, it seems that Etonogestrel implants may be offered from as early as 15–20 years of age.Conclusion: Women having etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implants removed early at a Pretoria community health centre tended to be young, single, unemployed, Christian, with a secondary level education and with parity one or more. All participants attended the etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implant pre-insertion counselling services but not the post-counselling services. Heavy bleeding was the main reason for the early removal of the etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implant.