bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Prevent Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Complicated By Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Sharma Mayank , Bellio Michael A , Benny Merline , Kulandavelu Shathiyah , Chen Pingping , Janjindamai Chawisa , Han Chenxu , Chang Liming , Sterling Shanique , Williams Kevin , Damianos Andreas , Batlahally Sunil , Kelly Kaitlyn , Aguilar-Caballero Daniela , Zambrano Ronald , Chen Shaoyi , Huang Jian , Wu Shu , Hare Joshua M , Schmidt Augusto , Khan Aisha , Young Karen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) have beneficial effects in preclinical bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH) models. The optimal source, dosing, route, and duration of effects are however unknown. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare the efficacy of GMP-grade EVs obtained from Wharton’s Jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) and bone marrow (BM-MSCs), (b) determine the optimal dosing and route of administration, (c) evaluate its long-term effects, and (d) determine how MSC EVs alter the lung transcriptome. Newborn rats exposed to normoxia or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal day (P)1-P14 were given (a) intra-tracheal (IT) BM or WJ-MSC EVs or placebo, (b) varying doses of IT WJ-MSC EVs, or (c) IT or intravenous (IV) WJ-MSC EVs on P3. Rats were evaluated at P14 or 3 months. Early administration of IT BM-MSC or WJ-MSC EVs had similar beneficial effects on lung structure and PH in hyperoxia-exposed rats. WJ-MSC EVs however had superior effects on cardiac remodeling. Low, medium, and high dose WJ-MSC EVs had similar cardiopulmonary regenerative effects. IT and IV WJ-MSC EVs similarly improved vascular density and reduced PH in hyperoxic rats. Gene-set enrichment analysis of transcripts differentially expressed in WJ-MSC EV-treated rats showed that induced transcripts were associated with angiogenesis. Long-term studies demonstrated that a single early MSC EV dose has pulmonary vascular protective effects 3 months after administration. Together, our findings have significant translational implications as it provides critical insight into the optimal source, dosing, route, mechanisms of action, and duration of effects of MSC-EVs for BPD-PH.
Inhibition of Canonical Wnt Signaling Promotes Ex Vivo Maintenance and Proliferation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Zebrafish
Authors: Kimura Koki , Yamamori Shiori , Hazawa Masaharu , Kobayashi-Sun Jingjing , Kondo Mao , Wong Richard W , Kobayashi Isao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The maintenance and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tightly regulated by their niches in the bone marrow. The analysis of niche cells or stromal cell lines that can support HSCs has facilitated the finding of novel supporting factors for HSCs. Despite large efforts in the murine bone marrow; however, HSC expansion is still difficult ex vivo, highlighting the need for new approaches to elucidate the molecular elements that regulate HSCs. The zebrafish provides a unique model to study hematopoietic niches as HSCs are maintained in the kidney, allowing for a parallel view of hematopoietic niches over evolution. Here, using a stromal cell line from the zebrafish kidney, zebrafish kidney stromal (ZKS), we uncover that an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling, IWR-1-endo, is a potent regulator of HSCs. Coculture assays revealed that ZKS cells were in part supportive of maintenance, but not expansion, of gata2a:GFP+runx1:mCherry+ (gata2a+runx1+) HSCs. Transcriptome analysis revealed that, compared with candidate niche cells in the kidney, ZKS cells weakly expressed HSC maintenance factor genes, thpo and cxcl12, but highly expressed canonical Wnt ligand genes, wnt1, 7bb, and 9a. Thpo supplementation in ZKS culture slightly increased, but inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling by IWR-1-endo treatment largely increased the number of gata2a+runx1+ cells (&gt;2-fold). Moreover, we found that gata2a+runx1+ cells can be maintained by supplementing both IWR-1-endo and Thpo without stromal cells. Collectively, our data provide evidence that IWR-1-endo can be used as a novel supporting factor for HSCs.
Foxp1 and Foxp4 Deletion Causes the Loss of Follicle Stem Cell Niche and Cyclic Hair Shedding by Inducing Inner Bulge Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Yang Qingchun , Zhang Jie , Bao Qianyi , Zhong Jialin , Wang Xiaoqing , Tao Yixin , Xu Xuegang , Lv Kaiyang , Wang Yushu , Li Baojie , He Lin , Guo Xizhi , Ma Gang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Quiescent hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) reside in specialized bulge niche where they undergo activation and differentiation upon sensing niche-dependent signals during hair follicle (HF) homeostasis and wound repair. The underlying mechanism of HFSCs and bulge niche maintenance is poorly understood. Our previous study has reported that a transcription factor, forkhead box P1 (Foxp1), functions to maintain the quiescence of HFSCs. Here, we further discovered that forkhead box P4 (Foxp4), a close family member of Foxp1, had similar expression profiles in various components of HFs and formed a complex with Foxp1 in vitro and in vivo. The HF-specific deficiency of Foxp4 resulted in the precocious activation of HFSCs during hair cycles. In contrast to single Foxp1 or Foxp4 conditional knockout (cKO) mice, Foxp1/4 double cKO exerted an additive effect in the spectrum and severity of phenotypes in HFSC activation, hair cycling acceleration and hair loss, coupled with remarkable downregulation of fibroblast growth factor 18 (Fgf18) and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (Bmp6) expression in bulge cells. In addition, the double KO of Foxp1/4 induced the apoptosis of K6-positive (K6+) inner bulge cells, a well-established stem cell (SC) niche, thus resulting in the destruction of the bulge SC niche and recurrent hair loss. Our investigation reveals the synergistic role of Foxp1/4 in sustaining K6+ niche cells for the quiescence of HFSCs.
Brain functional topology differs by sex in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Yang Zhengshi , Cieri Filippo , Kinney Jefferson W , Cummings Jeffrey L , Cordes Dietmar , Caldwell Jessica Z K ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionLate onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, in which almost 70% of patients are women.HypothesisWe hypothesized that women show worse global FC metrics compared to men, and further hypothesized a sex-specific positive correlation between FC metrics and cognitive scores in women.MethodsWe studied cognitively healthy individuals from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort, with resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Metrics derived from graph theoretical analysis and functional connectomics were used to assess the global/regional sex differences in terms of functional integration and segregation, considering the amyloid status and the contributions of APOE E4. Linear mixed effect models with covariates (education, handedness, presence of apolipoprotein [APOE] E4 and intra-subject effect) were utilized to evaluate sex differences. The associations of verbal learning and memory abilities with topological network properties were assessed.ResultWomen had a significantly lower magnitude of the global and regional functional network metrics compared to men. Exploratory association analysis showed that higher global clustering coefficient was associated with lower percent forgetting in women and worse cognitive scores in men.ConclusionWomen overall show lower magnitude on measures of resting state functional network topology and connectivity. This factor can play a role in their different vulnerability to AD.Significance statementTwo thirds of AD patients are women but the reasons for these sex difference are not well understood. When this late onset form dementia arises is too late to understand the potential causes of this sex disparities. Studies on cognitively healthy elderly population are a fundamental approach to explore in depth this different vulnerability to the most common form of dementia, currently affecting 6.2 million Americans aged 65 and older are, which means that &gt;1 in 9 people (11.3%) 65 and older are affected by AD. Approaches such as resting-state functional network topology and connectivity may play a key role in understanding and elucidate sex-dependent differences relevant to late-onset dementia syndromes.
Screening adults with tuberculosis for severe illness at notification: programme experience from Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel Bharatkumar Hargovandas , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Davara Kajal Bhagavanjibhai , Mehta Kedar Gautambhai , Modi Bhavesh Vitthalbhai , Vyas Monark Jitendrabhai , Murthy Hosadurga Jagadish Deepak , Vanitha Basavarajachar , Kumar Ajay M V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
National tuberculosis (TB) programmes in high-burden countries do not systematically assess severity at diagnosis followed by referral for inpatient care. Due to limited capacity, comprehensive assessment of all TB patients is not practical. In three districts of Gujarat (West India) in June 2021, we determined the feasibility of screening for severe illness by paramedical staff of public facilities and the burden of ‘high risk for severe illness’ at notification among adults (≥15 y of age) with TB.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, the screening criteria for high risk for severe illness was the presence of any one of the following: body mass index (BMI) ≤14.0 kg/m2, BMI ≤16.0 kg/m2 with bilateral leg swelling, respiratory rate &gt;24/min, oxygen saturation &lt;94% or inability to stand without support. We summarized the feasibility indicators and burden using proportion (95% confidence interval [CI]) and median, as applicable.

Results
Of 626 notified adults, 87% were screened. The median time interval for screening was 3 d from notification and all indicators were collected in 97% of patients. The burden of high risk for severe illness was high, at 41.6% (95% CI 37.5 to 45.8).

Conclusions
High burden and feasibility (high coverage, acceptable time interval and minimal missing data) makes a strong case for routine screening of severe illness.
Intrarenal pseudoaneurysm after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a case report
Authors: Moussa Mohamad , Chakra Mohamad Abou , Dellis Athanasios , Papatsoris Athanasios G. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the gold standard to treat large or complex renal stones. Intrarenal pseudoaneurysm is a rare, yet clinically significant, complication of PNL.

Case summary:
A 58-year-old man with a 3 cm calculus in the lower calyx of the left kidney was operated on by PNL 3 days before presentation to the emergency department. The patient presented with massive hematuria and dizziness. Upon presentation, the patient appeared uncomfortable and in distress. He was in hemorrhagic shock. The patient was resuscitated with intravenous fluids and blood transfusion. An urgent computed tomography scan showed multiple clots in the left renal pelvis and bladder with a retroperitoneal hematoma. The patient underwent angiography which revealed an inferior pole branch pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm was treated by endovascular embolization with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. No postoperative complications were seen.

Conclusion:
Selective renal artery embolization is an effective treatment for pseudoaneurysm post PNL with excellent outcomes.
Varied presentations, magnitude, and outcome of traumatic neck injuries at a level I trauma center
Authors: Dar Parvez Mohi Ud Din , Boddeda Jogendra , Kaur Supreet , Priyadarshini Pratyusha , Kumar Abhinav , Bagaria Dinesh , Choudhary Narendra , Alam Junaid , Sagar Sushma , Kumar Subodh , Gupta Amit , Mishra Biplab 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Traumatic neck injuries (TNIs) constitute 5%–10% of all trauma cases. These injuries can be caused by either penetrating or blunt trauma. Patients can have a varied presentation like cut injury over the neck, bleeding, neck swelling, breathing difficulty, dysphagia, etc.

Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study conducted at a level I trauma center in India from January 2016 to March 2020. One hundred thirty patients who required admission and intervention due to TNIs were included in this study.

Results:
One hundred thirty patients with neck injuries were included in this study. Males were predominant (91.5%) with the age ranging from 10 to 70 years. The most common mechanism of injury was physical assault (40.7%), followed by road traffic injury (23.8%) and self-inflicted injuries (18.4%). Penetrating trauma was predominant. Open neck wound with bleeding was the most common presenting symptom. Zone II injuries were more common (83.8%) followed by zone I (12.3%) and zone III (3.8%). Soft tissue injury including skin, platysma breach, and strap muscle injury was present in 46.9% of patients. Laryngopharyngeal injury was present in 13.8%, tracheal injury in 28.5%, vascular injury in 13.8%, and esophageal injury in 4.6% of patients.

Conclusion:
Penetrating neck trauma is more common than blunt in developing countries like India. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol guides the initial management. The definitive management depends on the type and mechanism of injury, anatomical level, severity, and the organ injured.
Renaming NAFLD to MAFLD: Advantages and Potential Changes in Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Management
Authors: Rui Fajuan , Yang Hongli , Hu Xinyu , Xue Qi , Xu Yayun , Shi Junping , Li Jie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing incidence of obesity and other metabolic diseases, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased and it has become a major health problem affecting more than one quarter of the world's population. Recently, experts reached a consensus that NAFLD does not reflect the current knowledge, and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was suggested as a more appropriate term. MAFLD is not just a simple renaming of NAFLD. The definition of MAFLD allows a patient to have dual (or more) etiologies for their liver disease, which will help to exclude more heterogeneous patients. In this review, we introduce the significant differences between the definitions of NAFLD and MAFLD. In addition, we also describe the advantages of the term MAFLD in the pathophysiology, therapy, and patient management.
Assessing the risk for falls among Portuguese community-dwelling stroke survivors. Are we using the better tools? Observational study
Authors: Pimenta Carla , Correia Anabela , Alves Marta , Virella Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
This study assesses the estimation of the risk for falls among community-dwelling stroke survivors referred for ambulatory physiotherapy and explores factors that affect the risk.

Methods:
Observational, cross-sectional with nested case-control study, of individuals, referred to physiotherapy less than 12 months after stroke and able to walk independently. Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and the Motor Assessment Scale were applied. Berg Balance Scale ≤45 or Timed Up and Go Test > 14 were used to estimate the risk for falls. The discrimination ability of the estimation was assessed. Alternative models were explored by logistic regression analysis.

Results:
One hundred sixty-seven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients were 21 to 87years old (median 66), 98 men (58.7%), and in 133 (79.6%) the stroke occurred in the last 6 months. Falls were reported by 78 (46.7%) of the patients but 139 (83.2% [95%CI 76.84–88.14]) were estimated as having risk for falls. The discrimination ability of the estimation of the actual occurrence of falls by Berg Balance Scale ≤45 or Timed Up and Go Test >14 was 55% (95%CI 47.5–62.4). The actual occurrence of falls was associated only with Motor Assessment Scale, as a protective factor. The discrimination ability of the estimation of the actual occurrence of falls by Motor Assessment Scale alone was area under the curve 0.69 (95%CI 0.60–0.77).

Conclusions:
Different tools with better performance are needed to identify the risk for falls after stroke.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers: The experience of a Portuguese COVID-19 front-line hospital during the 1st pandemic wave
Authors: Ramos Angelica , Araújo Beatriz , Lacerda Lisa , Flora Ana Lúcia , Ribeiro Luis , Patrício Emília , Cardoso Maria João , Guimarães João Tiago 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Healthcare workers (HCW) are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we describe the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCW who work daily at a COVID-19 front-line hospital in Portugal.

Methods:
To this end, the seroprevalence of 1027 HCW, assessed after the peak of the first pandemic wave, was determined using the following immunoassays: Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG (Euroimmun, Luebeck, Germany), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago), and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV–2 Total (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland).

Results:
We found a 2.7% seroprevalence, very close to the one determined in the community (2.9%) for the same period.

Conclusions:
This low SARS-CoV–2 seroprevalence highlights the effectiveness of infection prevention and control measures implemented very early in the pandemic, namely the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Personal Systems Approach in Improving Medication Adherence in Adult Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Whittington Melanie , Goggin Kathy , Noel-MacDonnell Janelle , Hathaway Donna , Remy Laura , Aholt Dana , Clark Debra , Miller Courtney , Ashbaugh Catherine , Wakefield Mark , Ellis Rebecca B. , Russell Cynthia 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Interventions to improve medication nonadherence in transplantation have recently moved from a focus on motivation and intention, to a focus on person-level quality improvement strategies. These strategies link adherence to established daily routines, environmental cues, and supportive people. The objective of this evaluation was to estimate the cost of implementation and the cost-effectiveness of a person-level intervention shown to increase medication adherence. To estimate the intervention costs, a direct measure microcosting approach was used after key informant interviews with project champions and a review of implementation expenditures. Cost-effectiveness was calculated by comparing the incremental implementation costs and healthcare costs associated with nonadherence to the incremental percent adherent, defined as the percent of patients who took greater or equal to 85% of their medication doses, for each pairwise comparison. The intervention was low-resource to implement, costing approximately $520 to implement per patient, and was associated with significant improvements in medication adherence. These implementation costs were more than outweighed by the expected healthcare savings associated with improvements in adherence. This person-level intervention is a low-cost, efficacious intervention associated with significant statistical and clinical improvements in medication adherence in adult kidney transplant recipients.
Arthroscopic Treatment for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Hong-jie , Zhou Xiang , Huang Zhi-gao , Dang Han-han , Xue Shi-lin , Zhang Zhi-yu , Zhang Xin , Wang Jian-quan 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The objective of this review was to analyze the effect of arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI) in adolescents and factors that may influence the revision rate.

Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting:
PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched from their earliest records to May 2021.

Patients:
Adolescents who underwent primary arthroscopic treatment for FAI.

Interventions:
Hip arthroscopic treatment.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), alpha angle, revision rates, and the rate of complications.

Results:
A total of 832 hips in 753 patients were included in this study. All PROs improved significantly. The modified Harris Hip Score pooled mean difference was 24.99 (95% CI, 22.88-27.10, P < 0.0001, I2 = 19.9%), Hip Outcome Score (HOS)–Sports-Specific Subscale was 35.88 (95% CI, 33.07-38.68, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%), HOS–Activities of Daily Living was 23.53 (95% CI, 21.21-25.85, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%), and the Nonarthritic Hip Score was 22.34 (95% CI, 18.40-26.28, P < 0.0001, I2 = 40.9%). The visual analog scale for pain decreased by 40.39 (44.39-36.40, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%). The alpha angle decreased by 22.0 degrees from 62.9 degrees to 40.9 degrees after arthroscopic surgery. The rate of complication and revision surgery was 1.2% (10/832) and 3.4% (28/832), respectively, with high postoperative patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:
All PROs significantly improved after surgery, with a low rate of complications and reoperation. High postoperative patient satisfaction was also reported.
Outcomes in cardiogenic shock: the role of surrogate endpoints
Authors: Kosyakovsky Leah B. , Marbach Jeffrey A. , Nguyen Khoa , Mukundan Srini , Chweich Haval , Kapur Navin K. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Early revascularization, invasive hemodynamic profiling, and initiation of temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) have all become routine components of cardiogenic shock (CS) management. Despite this evolution in clinical practice, patient selection and timing of treatment initiation remain a significant barrier to achieving sustained improvement in CS outcomes. Recent efforts to standardize CS management, through the development of treatment algorithms, have relied heavily on surrogate endpoints to drive therapeutic decisions. The present review aims to provide an overview of the basis of evidence for those surrogate endpoints commonly employed in clinical trials and CS management algorithms.

Recent findings
Recent publications from both observational and randomized cohorts have demonstrated the utility of surrogate endpoints in risk stratifying patients with CS. In particular, invasive hemodynamics using pulmonary artery catheters to guide initiation and weaning of MCS, biochemical markers that portend imminent end-organ failure, and clinical risk scores that combine multiple hemodynamic and laboratory parameters have demonstrated an ability to prognosticate outcomes in patients with CS.

Summary
Although further validation is necessary, multiple clinical, hemodynamic, and biochemical markers have demonstrated utility as surrogate endpoints in CS, and will undoubtedly assist physicians in clinical decision-making.
Inhaled opioids for cancer pain relief
Authors: Osowicka Magdalena , Janowiak Piotr , Gorzewska Agnieszka , Lichodziejewska-Niemierko Monika 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Despite the many new possibilities, cancer pain treatment is not always effective and often poses a challenge for practitioners. At the end-of-life care, both oral and subcutaneous drug delivery very often are not attainable. The increasing number of patients in terminal stage of chronic diseases forced us to look for the alternative ways of administration of pain treatment. In this context, the potentially rapid onset of action and ease of use make aerosolized drug delivery an attractive option in palliative care settings. The objective of this review was to identify literature on pain relief with inhaled opioids. The evidence suggests that nebulized opioids might be effective in the treatment of pain in various aetiologies; however, randomized controlled studies on nebulization therapy for cancer pain are lacking.