bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stone disease in low‐ and middle‐income countries: could augmented reality have a role in its management?
Authors: Watson Graham , Payne Stephen R. , Kunitsky Kevin , Natchagande Gilles , Mabedi Charles , Scotland Kymora B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUrolithiasis is a global phenomenon. Cystolithiasis is common in parts of Africa due to low protein intake and dehydration from endemic diarrhoeal illnesses. Nephrolithiasis is less prevalent than in high‐income countries, probably due to a variety of lifestyle issues, such as a more elemental diet, higher physical activity, and less obesity. Although renal stones are less common in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), the social and economic impacts of nephrolithiasis are still considerable; many stones present late or with complications such as upper urinary tract obstruction or urosepsis. These may lead to the development of chronic kidney disease, or end‐stage renal failure in a small proportion of cases, conditions for which there is very poor provision in most LMICs. Early treatment of nephrolithiasis by the least invasive method possible can, however, reduce the functional consequences of urinary stone disease. Although extracorporeal lithotripsy is uncommon, and endoscopic interventions for stone are not widespread in most of Africa, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopic renal surgery are viable techniques in those regional centres with infrastructure to support them. Longitudinal mentoring has been shown to be a key step in the adoption of these minimally invasive procedures by local surgeons, something that has been difficult during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic due to travel restriction. Augmented reality (AR) technology is an alternative means of providing remote mentoring, something that has been trialled by Urolink, the MediTech Trust and other global non‐governmental organisations during this period. Our preliminary experience suggests that this is a viable technique for promulgating skills in LMICs where appropriate connectivity exists to support remote communication. AR may also have long‐term promise for decreasing the reliance upon short‐term surgical visits to consolidate competence, thereby reducing the carbon footprint of global surgical education.
Identification of therapeutic miRNAs from the arsenic induced gene expression profile of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mukherjee Arnab , Acharya Prethi Bhaskar , Singh Akshita , Kuppusamy Selvam Mukunthan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, with a rising worldwide burden due to a lack of efficient treatment techniques and diagnosis after it has metastasized. Therefore, small non‐coding RNA (miRNAs) as protein translation inhibitors are gaining attention that degrades or suppress specific gene transcripts, making it a prime strategy for oncogenes or tumor suppression. Systematic research with miRNAs in combination with Arsenic, which has been employed as a drug to treat several diseases, including cancer, was focused on cellular responses through interacting with multiple biological targets. The differential gene expression of the DNA microarray dataset (GSE48441) revealed the association of sterol, cholesterol, and lipid metabolic processes. With the aid of the network pharmacology approach, hsa‐mir‐335‐5p was uncovered to negatively regulate the important nodes driving the transport and utilization of essential compounds for the rapid growth and proliferation of cancer cells. The binding energies of the duplexes were validated by the minimal free energies of the mRNAs for hsa‐mir‐335‐5p, indicating energetically desirable binding association. The molecular interactions between hsa‐mir‐335‐5p, which interacts with the Argonaute protein in the RNA induced silencing complex, and the target‐specific genes were also investigated, revealing its susceptibility to be employed in in vitro studies.
Readiness for transition to adult health care among US adolescents, 2016–2020
Authors: Mulkey Mackenzie , Baggett A. Brooke , Tumin Dmitry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveAdolescence is a critical period of transition from paediatric to adult health care, but readiness for this transition has been described as low in the general adolescent population. We aimed to investigate whether transition readiness improved over time among US adolescents and to examine associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and transition readiness over time.MethodsDeidentified caregiver‐reported repeated cross‐sectional data from the 2016–2020 National Survey of Children's Health were analysed for caregiver‐reported measures of transition readiness among adolescents age 12–17 years. Logistic regression was used to identify trends in transition readiness and change over time in factors associated with this outcome.ResultsAmong 55 022 adolescents represented in the five survey years, the proportion meeting a composite definition of transition readiness increased from 15% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14%, 16%) in 2016 to 19% (95% CI: 17%, 20%) in 2020. After multivariable adjustment, each additional year was associated with 12% greater odds of caregiver‐reported transition readiness (95% CI: +8%, +15%; P < 0.001), and transition readiness was more likely for girls, older adolescents and adolescents with special health care needs. Associations between adolescent characteristics and transition readiness did not change over the study period.ConclusionsPopulation‐level caregiver‐reported transition readiness among US adolescents has increased but remains low. Factors previously associated with transition readiness (age, sex, race and ethnicity, family income and presence of special health care needs) have persisted over recent years.
Variants in HNRNPH1 are associated with high myopia in humans and ocular coloboma in zebrafish
Authors: Ouyang Jiamin , Li Shiqiang , Sun Wenmin , Xiao Xueshan , Wang Yingwei , Jiang Yi , Zhang Qingjiong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh myopia is one of the most common causes for blindness due to its associated complications. Genetic factor has been considered as the major cause for early‐onset high myopia (eoHM), but exact genetic defects for most eoHM are yet to be identified. Through multi‐step bioinformatics analysis of our in‐house whole exome sequencing dataset from 6397 individuals, variants from 928 probands with eoHM were further compared with those from in‐house controls as well as gnomAD database. The results showed that loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants in a novel gene HNRNPH1 were identified in two of 928 probands with eoHM but in none of 5469 probands with other eye conditions (p = 0.02). LoF variants in HNRNPH1 were extremely rare and intolerant, while two LoF variants in 928 eoHM were statistically higher than their frequency in gnomAD (p = 5.98 × 10−4). These two LoF variants, c.2dup/p.(M1?) and c.121dup/p.(Q41Pfs*20), were absent from existing database. Variants in HNRNPH1 have not been associated with any inherited eye disease before. Expression of HNRNPH1 was enriched in ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer in humans. Knockdown of hnrnph1 in zebrafish resulted in ocular coloboma. All these suggest that HNRNPH1 is potential contribution to eoHM when mutated.
State of the Art in Computational Mould Design
Authors: Alderighi T. , Malomo L. , Auzinger T. , Bickel B. , Cignoni P. , Pietroni N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMoulding refers to a set of manufacturing techniques in which a mould, usually a cavity or a solid frame, is used to shape a liquid or pliable material into an object of the desired shape. The popularity of moulding comes from its effectiveness, scalability and versatility in terms of employed materials. Its relevance as a fabrication process is demonstrated by the extensive literature covering different aspects related to mould design, from material flow simulation to the automation of mould geometry design. In this state‐of‐the‐art report, we provide an extensive review of the automatic methods for the design of moulds, focusing on contributions from a geometric perspective. We classify existing mould design methods based on their computational approach and the nature of their target moulding process. We summarize the relationships between computational approaches and moulding techniques, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions.
Ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic scouring of jute optimised by response surface methodology and its natural dyeing
Authors: Patil Harshal , Mudaliar Sahil , Athalye Ashok 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndia is the largest producer of jute in the world and the use of this natural fibre in various value‐added applications is gaining momentum. The use of white biotechnology involving enzymes for the efficient processing of jute is considered to boost its productivity. The present investigation deals with the pretreatment of jute by using ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic scouring followed by bleaching and dyeing. The process showed optimum removal of impurities and improved water absorption capacity with minimal damage to fibre tensile strength. The process parameters and conditions were determined by response surface methodology, where weight loss of jute was kept as the main response. The optimised recipe obtained was 2.8% enzyme concentration, 1 g/L wetting agent at 55°C for 10 minutes at an ultrasound frequency of 40 kHz. The optimised recipe was compared with conventional high‐temperature long‐duration enzymatic scouring and was found to have an equal performance. Further, the scoured jute was dyed with a natural dye extracted from sappan wood and madder. Fourier Transform–infrared analysis was used for characterisation. The wash and light fastness of dyed jute yarn were evaluated and found to meet the industry norms.
Revisiting the sublimation printability of cellulose‐based textiles in light of ever‐increasing sustainability issues
Authors: Özen İlhan , Schneider Reinhold , Buchmeiser Michael R. , Wang Xungai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSustainability, being a recent buzzword, has been given an increasing emphasis in all industry fields, especially in the textile industry, since it is one of the main contributing sectors to resource consumption and thus environmental pollution. Among them, coloration of textiles should be paid special attention due to offering enormous savings in terms of sustainability. Within all fibres, cotton, being one of the cellulosic fibres, has been the most widely used material alone or together with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Therefore, we focus on the coloration of cellulose‐based fibres and its blends with PET in this review. There is only one single coloration technique at the intersection of sustainability and coloration, that is, sublimation or heat transfer printing, because it is the most eco‐friendly approach for the coloration of textiles. There are many studies on this issue, in which either cellulose, that is, cotton, or the transfer paper is modified/treated. In spite of many attempts for sublimation printability of cotton and its blends with PET, they still have problems in terms of sustainability that limits its applicability. In light of ever‐increasing sustainability issues such as Agenda 2030, new developments are yet to be expected for achieving sustainable coloration of cellulose‐based textiles and their blends. Therefore, it is high time to revisit the sublimation printability of cellulose‐based textiles, to mention the latest developments considering nanotechnological advancements, and to give a future perspective in this field.
Characterization of hepatic steatosis using controlled attenuation parameter and MRI‐derived proton density fat fraction in living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Zhuang Rachel H. , Weinstock Allison K. , Ganesh Swaytha , Behari Jaideep , Malik Shahid M. , Bataller Ramon , Furlan Alessandro , Hughes Christopher B. , Humar Abhinav , Duarte‐Rojo Andres 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe increasingly favorable outcomes of live donor liver transplant warrant development of screening techniques to expand current donor pool. Transient elastography (TE) with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is accessible and has promising diagnostic performance in non‐obese individuals. Here, we demonstrate its utility in grading donor steatosis for risk assessment in living liver donors (LLD).Study DesignIn a prospective study of LLD and recipients, accuracy was determined using MRI‐derived proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as reference.ResultsOne hundred and one LLD underwent TE, 95 of whom had available PDFF. Median CAP and MRI‐PDFF were 233 dB/m (206–270) and 2.9% (2.3–4.0), respectively. A CAP threshold of 270 dB/m captured all steatosis which was present in 13 (13%) LLD (AUROC .942, 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity). Performance further improved when excluding obese LLD and limiting analysis to M‐probe (AUROC .971 and .974, respectively, with 87% specificity). There was no difference in CAP and MRI‐PDFF between LLD and nondonors (P = .26 and .21, respectively). Early allograft dysfunction was observed in one recipient (CAP 316, PDFF 9.5%), zero underwent retransplant, and one died from sepsis.ConclusionThe specific role of CAP in living liver donation warrants further study, beginning with its use as screening tool across peripheral clinics.
A precise review on NAATs‐based diagnostic assays for COVID‐19: A motion in fast POC molecular tests
Authors: Maleki Bahareh , Hojati Zohreh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis is one of the main strategies to deal with infectious and deadly diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The global pandemic of COVID‐19 has led to an immediate need to expand rapid diagnostic techniques. New isothermal‐based methods are being developed for COVID‐19 detection aiming to resolve the limitations related to the reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) method through immediate samples processing and minimizing false‐negative or ambiguous results. Advances in nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) can provide affordable and easy‐to‐use diagnostic platforms with high sensitivity and specificity in order to be available to the public as approved commercial kits.AimsThe development of point‐of‐care (POC) testing can assist in rapid clinical decision‐making and mitigate burdens on health care facilities. Finally, we discussed the different diagnostic methods based on NAATs for COVID‐19 in detail. Comparative parameters are addressed for all assays and Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA)‐approved commercial tests are cited.ConclusionsIsothermal‐coupled methods and LAMP‐based molecular methods have been suggested as suitable portable tests with high diagnostic speed for use in POC testing.
Assessment of global, national and regional‐level digital soil mapping products at different spatial supports
Authors: Han Si Yang , Filippi Patrick , Singh Kanika , Whelan Brett M. , Bishop Thomas F. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDigital soil mapping provides estimates of soil properties and, in turn, an understanding of the spatial variation in soil across landscapes. In recent years, several digital soil mapping products have been released across the world. An end user in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, could choose between a global product (SoilGrids), a national product (Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia) and a state product (NSW digital soil maps). All predict at grid resolutions of 250 m or less, which approaches the required detail for within‐field site‐specific management such as variable‐rate application of agricultural inputs. In this study, the quality of clay and soil organic carbon (SOC) products (0–30 cm) from these three publicly available digital soil maps (DSM) were validated with an external dataset of 394 soil observations, collected from 14 farms across eastern Australia. Each farm was sampled using stratified random sampling, allowing for unbiased estimates of prediction quality at three spatial supports: point (soil core), strata (management zone) and farm. For the clay attribute, this study observed Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) values of 0.22–0.37 at the point spatial support, far below reported values. This improved at the strata spatial support with LCCC values of 0.20–0.60 and the farm spatial support with values of 0.07–0.54. For SOC, LCCC values ranged from 0.25 to 0.45 for points, 0.31–0.55 for strata and 0.31–0.60 for farms. The grid resolution of DSMs depends largely on the resolution of the covariates used, and current efforts look to incorporate more recent, finer resolution covariates to create higher‐resolution soil maps. However, the results of this study suggest that both the grid resolution and spatial support used in DSMs need further consideration. Rather than letting the resolution of covariates determine the resolution of DSMs, this should also be determined by the number of soil observations available for modelling, their distribution in geographic and attribute space and the prediction quality.Highlights
DSM products do not meet published accuracies when assessed with an independent dataset
The large‐extent DSM products were unable to represent within‐farm variability
Aggregation of the DSM products over large spatial supports improved accuracies
DSM products should be created at different spatial supports, each with an associated uncertainty
The biasing effect of networks in the implementation of innovations
Authors: Szatmari Balazs , Deichmann Dirk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe develop a theoretical framework about how the social network of a project leader can introduce bias in project‐related decision making in the form of overvaluation. Overvaluation can increase both the likelihood of implementing projects that turn out to be successes or projects that fall below what is expected and thus turn out to be failures. We provide a deeper understanding of the contingencies under which the biasing effects of networks through overvaluation turn out to be more or less beneficial for organizations. More specifically, we theorize that overvaluation is more beneficial in organizations that have a low decision threshold for projects, whereas it can be more detrimental in organizations that have a high decision threshold.
When half is more than the whole: Wheat domestication syndrome reconsidered
Authors: Peleg Zvi , Abbo Shahal , Gopher Avi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo opposing models currently dominate Near Eastern plant domestication research. The core area‐one event model depicts a knowledge‐based, conscious, geographically centered, rapid single‐event domestication, while the protracted‐autonomous model emphasizes a noncentered, millennia‐long process based on unconscious dynamics. The latter model relies, in part, on quantitative depictions of diachronic changes (in archaeological remains) in proportions of spikelet shattering to nonshattering, towards full dominance of the nonshattering (domesticated) phenotypes in cultivated cereal populations. Recent wild wheat genome assembly suggests that shattering and nonshattering spikelets may originate from the same (individual) genotype. Therefore, their proportions among archaeobotanical assemblages cannot reliably describe the presumed protracted‐selection dynamics underlying wheat domestication. This calls for a reappraisal of the “domestication syndrome” concept associated with cereal domestication.
Can contagious itch be affected by positive and negative suggestions?
Authors: Meeuwis Stefanie H. , Skvortsova Aleksandrina , van Laarhoven Antoinette I. M. , Holle Henning , Evers Andrea W. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContagious itch can be evoked by observing people scratching. Verbal suggestions about to‐be‐received itch can influence itch intensity, as shown by placebo research, but it is unknown whether this extends to contagious itch. The current study aimed to replicate prior findings that listening to scratching and rubbing sounds elicits contagious itch, and to investigate whether suggestions can modulate this process. Healthy participants (n = 140) received positive or negative suggestions about itch in response to the sounds (aimed to decrease or increase expected itch, respectively), or no specific suggestions as a control. Participants listened to a number of audio fragments with scratching and rubbing sounds. The amount of expected itch as well as itch sensation after each audio fragment were measured by self‐report. Suggestions had no effect on the expected itch. Both rubbing and scratching sounds significantly elicited itch in all groups. Scratching sounds induced more itch than rubbing sounds exclusively in the control group. These findings indicate that short suggestions might be not effective enough to modify the expectations of people regarding contagious itch. Furthermore, suggestions modulate contagious itch to some degree, but not in the hypothesized direction. Potential similarities and differences in the neurobiological mechanisms of contagious itch and nocebo effects are discussed.
‘ICH HATTE BEFEHLE’: MULTIDIRECTIONAL MEMORY AND THE VIETNAM WAR IN HEYNOWSKI AND SCHEUMANN'S PILOTEN IM PYJAMA (1968)*
Authors: Cuthbert Lauren 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTEast German documentarians Walter Heynowski and Gerhard Scheumann's four‐part documentary Piloten im Pyjama (1968) focuses on interviews with downed US bomber pilots who had been captured by the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War. The documentary draws explicit connections between the American presence in Vietnam and Germany's recent Nazi past, thus creating a memorial link between East German and Vietnamese citizens. This article analyses the connections drawn between Nazism and the Vietnam War throughout the course of the documentary, ultimately arguing that the film is not simply an anti‐Western condemnation of imperialism, but also a work of ‘multidirectional memory’ (Rothberg) which creates a space in which questions of responsibility, duty, and guilt can be confronted from the standpoint of a perpetrator collective.
Anthropogenic Decline of Ancient, Sustainable Water Systems: Qanats
Authors: Maghrebi Mohsen , Noori Roohollah , Sadegh Mojtaba , Sarvarzadeh Fereshteh , Akbarzadeh Aliasghar Erfanian , Karandish Fatemeh , Barati Reza , Taherpour Hamid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQanat is an ancient underground structure to abstract groundwater without the need for external energy. A recognized world heritage, Qanat has enabled civilization in arid and semi‐arid regions that lack perennial surface water resources. These important structures, however, have faced significant challenges in recent decades due to increasing anthropogenic pressures. This study uses remote sensing to investigate land‐use changes and the loss of 15,983 Qanat shafts in the Mashhad plain, northeast of Iran, during the past six decades. This entails obtaining a rare aerial imagery from 1961, as well as recent satellite imagery, over a region with the highest density of Qanats in Iran, the birthplace of Qanat. Results showed that only 5.59% of the Qanat shafts in 1961 remained intact in 2021. The most prominent Qanat‐impacting land‐use changes were agriculture and urban areas, that accounted for 42.93 and 31.81% Qanat shaft destruction in the study area, respectively. This study also showed that groundwater table decline, demographic changes, and reduction in the appeal of working in the Qanat maintenance and construction industry among the new generation are existential threats to Qanats, and may result in the demise of these ancient structures in the future. Findings of this study can be used for urban planning in arid and semi‐arid areas with the aim of protecting these historic water structures.