bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapiestrategien bei 103 Kindern mit kongenitalem
Mikrophthalmus
Authors: Schittkowski Michael P. , Martius Stefanie , Elabbasy Mohamed , Knappe Steffi , Guthoff Rudolf F. 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ein kongenitaler Mikrophthalmus kann entweder isoliert
auftreten (einfacher Mikrophthalmus) oder mit weiteren okulären Fehlbildungen,
wie einer Sklerokornea oder einer Katarakt, assoziiert sein (komplexer
Mikrophthalmus). Aufgrund des seltenen Auftretens fehlen einheitliche
Behandlungsempfehlungen.
Material und Methoden Retrospektive Fallserie von 103 Patienten bzw.
insgesamt 114 Augen mit kongenitalem Mikrophthalmus mit Erfassung von Alter,
Geschlecht, Visus, Pupillenreaktion, axialer Bulbuslänge, horizontaler Weite der
Lidspalte, Art der durchgeführten Therapie, Komplikationen.
Ergebnisse Alle Patienten waren ausnahmslos primär prothesenfähig. Die
Größe der Lidspalte hing vom zugrunde liegenden Befund ab: „beidseits
Mikrophthalmus“ < „Mikrophthalmus und gesundes Partnerauge“ <
„Mikrophthalmus und Anophthalmus der anderen Seite“. Um bei einem Säugling in
den ersten Lebenswochen oder -monaten die visuelle (Rest-)Funktion als
wichtigsten Faktor für die Entscheidung über die Therapie zu beurteilen, ist die
Pupillenreaktion, speziell bei einseitiger Erkrankung die indirekte
Lichtreaktion des gesunden Auges, von größter Bedeutung. In etwa der Hälfte der
Fälle war eine konservative Prothesenbehandlung ausreichend. Nach der
erfolgreichen Erstanpassung einer Vorlegeprothese fand eine regelmäßige
Prothesenvergrößerung nach Maßgabe des Okularisten statt. Wenn die
Bulbuslängendifferenz so groß war, dass auch mit einer doppelwandigen Prothese
keine Symmetrie zu erzielen war, wurde eine Volumenauffüllung durch retrobulbär
implantierte selbstquellende Pelletexpander (osmed GmbH, Ilmenau) angeboten. Bei
knapp einem Drittel der Patienten erfolgte keine operative Therapie oder
prothetische Versorgung. Die Ursache dafür war meist das Vorliegen einer
minimalen Sehfunktion des Mikrophthalmus (Wahrnehmung von Lichtschein bis Angabe
von Handbewegungen).
Schlussfolgerung Bei vorhandener Sehfähigkeit des Mikrophthalmus sollten
operative Maßnahmen nicht oder nur mit äußerster Zurückhaltung indiziert werden,
da der Erhalt des vorhandenen Visus als vorrangig vor dem kosmetischen Befund
angesehen werden muss. Bei Asymmetrie oder unterentwickelter Lidspalte kann der
Therapiebeginn frühzeitig im 1. Lebensjahr erfolgen, ohne dass daraus
resultierende Komplikationen zu befürchten sind.
Teaching of Nuclear Cardiology in Times of Pandemic: Transfer of a Case-based Interactive Course from Classroom to Distance Learning
Authors: Bell Laura , Lemos Martin , Mottaghy Felix M. , Lindner Oliver , Heinzel Alexander 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim While methods of independent study, such as problem-based learning, have been shown beneficial to students’ learning outcome and motivation to self-educate, these concepts are currently challenged by the pandemic. The aim of the current study was the evaluation of the transfer of an interactive nuclear cardiology teaching module to an online, distance learning setting.
Methods Two-hundred-forty medical students completed and evaluated the teaching module in a classroom and 127 students in the distance learning setting. Results The interactive, problem-based teaching module was transferred well into the distance learning setting during the pandemic. However, while the presented results suggest that distance learning is a good substitute for classroom teaching when in-person teaching is not possible, the distance teaching module was perceived less efficient in its course didactics, demands as well as applicability than the same module in a classroom setting. Conclusion Although distance learning thus cannot entirely replace classroom education, it does provide a well-suited alternative method to teach particularly nuclear medicine and medicine in general. Future applications should offer introductory sessions, provide learning materials in advance and slow down the teaching pace to facilitate online, distance learning.
Fetal Development of the Orbit
Authors: Gaca Piotr Jakub , Lewandowicz Michael , Lipczynska-Lewandowska Malgorzata , Simon Michael , Matos Philomena A. Wawer , Doulis Alexandros , Rokohl Alexander C. , Heindl Ludwig M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman prenatal development is divided into an embryonic period and a fetal
period. Intense organogenetic activity occurs in the embryonic period of
prenatal life, while the fetal period is marked by less intense changes.
Knowledge of the embryology of the orbit not only allows insights into how
normal variations in the orbital structure arise but also provides an
understanding of how congenital deformities occur when normal orbital
development goes awry. In order to explore our understanding of the
developmental anatomy of the orbit during the fetal period of prenatal life, the
authors have summarized the major milestones in orbital morphogenesis, a
temporally precise and morphogenetically intricate process. This process can be
considered as an anatomic series of complex, well-orchestrated changes in
morphology as well as a series of complex biochemical and molecular events that
coordinate and control the anatomic development. Identifying and linking
signaling pathways and regulatory genes linked with normal orbital morphogenesis
is a crucial step to offer patients with chronic or incurable orbital diseases
effective treatment options in the future.
Tränenwegsbefunde von 143 Kindern mit
Mikrophthalmus-Anophthalmus-Komplex
Authors: Schittkowski Michael P. , Leha Andreas , Horn Maren , Naxer Sabine 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Darstellung der klinischen Befunde der ableitenden Tränenwege
bei Patienten mit kongenitalem klinischen Anophthalmus und funktionslosem
Mikrophthalmus (MAC-Komplex).
Methoden Retrospektive Studie von 207 konsekutiven Patienten, die zwischen
1998 und 2021 mindestens einmal mit hochhydrophilen selbstquellenden Expandern
bei MAC operiert wurden. Das Tränenwegssystem wurde in Vollnarkose immer vor
allen anderen operativen Maßnahmen sondiert und gespült.
Ergebnisse 64 Patienten wurden wegen möglicher Fehldiagnosen aufgrund
vorheriger Lid- oder Orbitachirurgie an anderer Stelle oder wegen fehlender
Daten ausgeschlossen. Die Analyse umfasste daher 67 Mädchen und 76 Jungen im
Alter zwischen 1 und 126 Monaten (medianes Alter: 5 Monate). 72 Patienten wiesen
einen unilateralen und 42 einen bilateralen Anophthalmus auf, 24 einen
unilateralen und 5 einen bilateralen Mikrophthalmus; somit standen 286
Augenhöhlen (davon 190 mit Pathologie) zur Beurteilung zur Verfügung. Bei
einseitigen Fällen war das Tränenwegssystem auf der normalen Seite nie
betroffen. Auf der anophthalmischen oder mikrophthalmischen Seite war das
Tränenwegssystem nur in 68 Augenhöhlen (35,8%) unauffällig. Der häufigste Befund
war eine Kanalikulusstenose (91 Augenhöhlen; 48%). Eine Stenose des Canaliculus
communis wurde in 12 Augenhöhlen (6,3%) und eine Obstruktion des Ductus
nasolacrimalis in 9 Augenhöhlen (4,7%) festgestellt. Es gab 4 Fälle von Aplasie
beider Tränenpünktchen, andere Anomalien waren nicht auffällig. Beim einseitigen
Anophthalmus ließ sich bei pathologischen Befunden der Tränenwegssondierung ein
signifikanter Zusammenhang mit einer Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte feststellen,
was in den 3 anderen Gruppen nicht der Fall war.
Schlussfolgerungen Beim kongenitalen klinischen Anophthalmus ist das
Tränensystem in bis zu 66,5% der Fälle betroffen, meist aufgrund einer
Kanalikulusstenose. Auch wenn es keine eindeutigen Hinweise auf einen
embryologischen Zusammenhang gibt, ist diese Assoziation sicher kein
Zufallsbefund.
Rehabilitationsergebnisse bei Covid-19-Erkrankung: eine
Fall-Kontroll-Studie
Authors: Petzold Stefanie , Carney Roisin , Kool JanPieter , Bachmann Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Unterscheidet sich der Rehaverlauf von akut
Covid-19-Erkrankten von genesenen Covid-19-Patienten und anderen Rehapatienten?
Vergleich des Verlaufs zwischen akut Covid-19-Erkrankten, genesenen Patienten
und Rehapatienten ohne Covid-19. Design: Fall-Kontroll-Studie.
Material und Methoden Einschluss von im Zeitraum 01.04. bis 30.06.2020
zugewiesenen Patienten mit aktiver Covid-19-Erkrankung (IG), genesenen
Covid-19-Betroffenen (PCG) und einer gleichzeitig rehabilitierten, nach Alter,
Geschlecht und Komorbidität gematchten Kontrollgruppe (Ko).
Primärer Endpunkt war die Selbständigkeit im Alltag (FIM),
weitere Endpunkte waren Lebensqualität (EQ5D-VAS), physische und
mentale Gesundheit (PROMIS10) sowie Mobilität (TUG und 6MWT).
Ergebnisse 101 Patienten wurden eingeschlossen: IG=15;
PCG=22; Ko=64. Die Selbständigkeit und
Lebensqualität bei Eintritt waren in der IG signifikant am
höchsten (FIM IG 95,3 vs. PCG 78,3, vs. Ko 79,6; ANOVA p=0,029;
EQ5D-VAS IG 56.1 vs. PCG 36,6 vs. Ko 51,0; ANOVA p=0,010). Im PROMIS10
sowie in der Mobilität gab es keine Unterschiede. Alle drei Gruppen
verbesserten sich von Ein- zu Austritt signifikant. Die IG schnitt bei Austritt
im FIM am besten ab (IG 109,7 vs. PCG 97,2 vs. Ko 93,6; ANOVA p=0,039).
Die Kontrollgruppe erreichte hinsichtlich Mobilität bei Austritt die
schlechtesten Resultate (TUG Ko 19,3 Sek. vs. 9,6 Sek IG und 8,3 Sek PCG). Im
6MWT zeigte die PCG das beste Resultat (471 m vs. IG 416 m und
Ko 389 m; Differenz n.s.).
Schlussfolgerung Alle drei Patientengruppen konnten sehr gut vom
Rehaprogramm profitieren. Rehamassnahmen bringen auch für isolierte akut
Covid-19-Erkrankte einen Benefit. Insbesondere genesene Covid-19-Patienten
profitieren sehr von den Rehamassnahmen.
CM-352 Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Anticoagulant-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Navarro-Oviedo Manuel , Marta-Enguita Juan , Roncal Carmen , Rodríguez Jose A. , Zandio Beatriz , Lecumberri Ramón , Hermida Jose , Oyarzabal Julen , Pineda-Lucena Antonio , Páramo Jose A. , Muñoz Roberto , Orbe Josune 
Published: February 2022

Background Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the major devastating complications of anticoagulation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition has been proposed as a novel pharmacological approach for ICH treatment.
Objectives We evaluated the effects of CM-352 (MMP-fibrinolysis inhibitor) in an experimental ICH model associated with oral anticoagulants as compared with clinically used prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC).
Methods ICH was induced by collagenase injection into the striatum of wild type (C57BL/6J) anticoagulated mice (warfarin or rivaroxaban) and Mmp10 −/− mice. Hematoma volume and neurological deficits were measured 24 hours later by diaminobenzidine staining and different behavioral tests. Circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in plasma samples and local inflammation was assessed by neutrophil infiltration. Finally, fibrinolytic effects of MMP-10 and rivaroxaban were evaluated by thromboelastometry and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation assays.
Results Only PCC reduced hemorrhage volume and improved functional outcome in warfarin-ICH, but both PCC and CM-352 treatments diminished hemorrhage volume (46%, p < 0.01 and 64%, p < 0.001, respectively) and ameliorated functional outcome in rivaroxaban-ICH. We further demonstrated that CM-352, but not PCC, decreased neutrophil infiltration in the hemorrhage area at 24 hours. The effect of CM-352 could be related to MMP-10 inhibition since Mmp10 −/− mice showed lower hemorrhage volume, better neurological score, reduced IL-6 levels and neutrophil infiltration, and increased PAI-1 after experimental ICH. Finally, we found that CM-352 reduced MMP-10 and rivaroxaban-related fibrinolytic effects in thromboelastometry and TAFI activation.
Conclusion CM-352 treatment, by diminishing MMPs and rivaroxaban-associated fibrinolytic effects, might be a novel antihemorrhagic strategy for rivaroxaban-associated ICH.
Multidimensionality of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Rhinoplasty Satisfaction
Authors: Verkest Valérie , Pingnet Laura , Fransen Erik , Declau Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe FACE-Q rhinoplasty module (nose and nostrils), Utrecht questionnaire, and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale are validated Dutch patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate rhinoplasty satisfaction. The objective of this study was to analyze the dimensionality of the measured variables in these four existing questionnaires. Additionally, we investigated the ability of the PROMS to measure change. A prospective single-center study was performed in a consecutive cohort of 106 Dutch-speaking patients. Patients were invited to fill in four PROMs: FACE-Q rhinoplasty module (nose and nostrils), Utrecht questionnaire, and NOSE scale, preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Item quality was calculated in all four questionnaires. The ability of the questionnaires to differentiate between pre- and postoperative patients was determined with a binary logistic regression. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the latent dimensions. Item quality was confirmed in all questionnaires. Backward binary logistic regression revealed that NOSE and FACE-Q nose module were the best discriminant factors pre- and postoperatively. Combination of these two questionnaires gave a specificity of 97.33% and a sensitivity of 94.52% to discriminate between pre- and postoperative cases. Exploratory factor analysis identified the presence of four dimensions: (1) cosmesis of the nose, (2) cosmesis of the nostrils, (3) nasal function, and (4) psychosocial well-being in rhinoplasty patients. Lack of factorial invariance in the preoperative phase, as compared with the postoperative phase, was detected, especially with the FACE-Q nose and to a lesser extent with the Utrecht questionnaire. The FACE-Q rhinoplasty modules (nose and nostrils), the Utrecht questionnaire, and NOSE scale measure different dimensions of rhinoplasty satisfaction and can be used complementary to each other to obtain a more holistic evaluation of rhinoplasty patients. However, the surgeon should keep in mind that lack of factorial invariance preoperative, as opposed to the postoperative phase, may influence the outcome of these questionnaires.
Pulling Outward but Reacting Inward: Mechanically Induced Symmetry-Allowed Reactions of cis- and trans-Diester-Substituted Dichlorocyclopropanes
Authors: Craig Stephen L. , Wang Zi , Kouznetsova Tatiana B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mechanically induced symmetry-allowed disrotatory ring openings of cis- and trans-gem-dichlorocyclopropane (gDCC) diesters are demonstrated through sonication and single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) studies. In contrast to the previously reported symmetry-forbidden conrotatory ring opening of alkyl-tethered trans-gDCC, we show that the diester-tethered trans-gDCC primarily undergoes a symmetry-allowed disrotatory pathway even at the high forces (>2 nN) and short-time scales (ms or less) of sonication and SMFS experiments. The quantitative force-rate data obtained from SMFS data is consistent with computational models of transition-state geometry for the symmetry-allowed process, and activation lengths of 1.41 ± 0.02 Å and 1.08 ± 0.03 Å are inferred for the cis-gDCC diester and trans-gDCC diester, respectively. The strong mechanochemical coupling in the trans-gDCC is notable, given that the directionality of the applied force may appear initially to oppose the disrotatory motion associated with the reaction. The stereochemical perturbations of mechanical coupling created by the ester attachments reinforce the complexity that is possible in covalent polymer mechanochemistry and illustrate the breadth of reactivity outcomes that are available through judicious mechanophore design.
Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of (–)-Swainsonine from Chiral-Pool Precursors d-Mannose and d-Arabinose
Authors: Lamor Anphisa , Uipanit Suwanan , Chuanopparat Nutthawat , Yakhampom Sujitra , Ngernmeesri Paiboon , Kongkathip Ngampong , Kongkathip Boonsong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbohydrates have played an important role in organic synthesis. Since they contain many stereocenters, they have been widely used as chiral-pool starting materials. Herein, we report the asymmetric formal synthesis of (–)-swainsonine, which exhibits anticancer and immunosuppressive activities and inhibits lysosomal α-mannosidase activity, from d-mannose and d-arabinose. The synthesis utilized Zn-mediated Bernet–Vasella reaction, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination, and Grubbs olefin metathesis as key reactions.
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Presenting as Cutaneous and Soft Tissue Mass Lesion: An Enigmatic Presentation Posing a Diagnostic Challenge—A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Shrivastava Ayushi , Jain Sandeep , Malhotra Payal , Mishra Shalini , Pasricha Sunil , Kapoor Gauri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is primarily a nodal disease. Cutaneous involvement of HL as a presenting feature is extremely rare. Skin involvement is usually seen as a metachronous involvement in the course of disease and is associated with poor prognosis. Primary skin and soft tissue involvement can be construed as nonhematological, inflammatory, or infective etiology. We report a 14-year-old girl with fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, and multiple papular lesions over the right chest wall as initial manifestation of HL, posing a diagnostic challenge. In view of stage IVBE, patient was managed with intensive chemotherapy regimen and is currently free of disease at 6 months of follow-up.
Tear Trough and Lid–Cheek Junction Anatomy: Current Understanding and Nonsurgical Treatment
Authors: Liew Steven , De Silva Dinuksha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe tear trough and lower eyelid are sentinel sites of facial aging and are increasingly the target of nonsurgical aesthetic procedures. This article will review the advances that have led to our current understanding of tear trough anatomy. We propose a new functional classification of the lid–cheek junction for soft tissue filler treatment, and suggest simpler stratification of patients seeking lower eyelid treatment based on the etiology of their tear trough depression. We aim to describe a stepwise approach to management, with specific technical considerations targeting the underlying causes of lower eyelid pathology. The common complications and pitfalls of nonsurgical tear trough management will be discussed.
Neuropsychiatric Treatment for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Nonpharmacological Approaches
Authors: Mollica Adriano , Dey Ayan , Cairncross Molly , Silverberg Noah , Burke Matthew J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPostconcussive symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion are common, disabling, and challenging to manage. Patients can experience a range of symptoms (e.g., mood disturbance, headaches, insomnia, vestibular symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction), and neuropsychiatric management relies heavily on nonpharmacological and multidisciplinary approaches. This article presents an overview of current nonpharmacological strategies for postconcussive symptoms including psychoeducation; psychotherapy; vestibular, visual, and physical therapies; cognitive rehabilitation; as well as more novel approaches, such as neuromodulation. Ultimately, treatment and management of mTBI should begin early with appropriate psychoeducation/counseling, and be tailored based on core symptoms and individual goals.
Using the Biopsychosocial Model to Guide Patient-Centered Neurological Treatments
Authors: Saxena Aneeta , Paredes-Echeverri Sara , Michaelis Rosa , Popkirov Stoyan , Perez David L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe biopsychosocial model was defined by George L. Engel to propose a holistic approach to patient care. Through this model, physicians can understand patients in their context to aid the development of tailored, individualized treatment plans that consider relevant biological, psychological, and social–cultural–spiritual factors impacting health and longitudinal care. In this article, we advocate for the use of the biopsychosocial model in neurology practice across outpatient and inpatient clinical settings. To do so, we first present the history of the biopsychosocial model, and its relationships to precision medicine and deep phenotyping. Then, we bring the neurologist up-to-date information on the components of the biopsychosocial clinical formulation, including predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors. We conclude by detailing illustrative neurological case examples using the biopsychosocial model, emphasizing the importance of considering relevant psychological and social factors to aid the delivery of patient-centered clinical care in neurology.
Mathematical Modeling of Eyebrow Curvature
Authors: Tran Ann Q. , Yang Cameron , Tooley Andrea A. , Kazim Michael , Glass Lora R. Dagi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study is to describe a mathematical model for analyzing eyebrow curvature that can be applied broadly to curvilinear facial features. A total of 100 digital images (50 men, 50 women) were obtained from standardized headshots of medical professionals. Images were analyzed in ImageJ by plotting either 8 or 15 points along the inferior-most row of contiguous brow cilia. A best-fit curve was automatically fit to these points in Microsoft Excel. The second derivative of the second-degree polynomial and a fourth-degree polynomial were used to evaluate brow curvature. Both techniques were subsequently compared with each other. A second-degree polynomial and fourth-degree polynomial were fit to all eyebrows. Plotting 15 points yielded greater goodness-of-fit than plotting 8 points along the inferior brow and allowed for more sensitive measurement of curvature across all images. A fourth-degree polynomial function provided a closer fit to the eyebrow than a second-degree polynomial function. This method provides a simple and reliable tool for quantitative analysis of eyebrow curvature from images. Fifteen-point plots and a fourth-degree polynomial curve provide a greater goodness-of-fit. The authors believe the described technique can be applied to other curvilinear facial features and will facilitate the analysis of standardized images.