bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HunCRC: annotated pathological slides to enhance deep learning applications in colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Pataki Bálint Ármin , Olar Alex , Ribli Dezső , Pesti Adrián , Kontsek Endre , Gyöngyösi Benedek , Bilecz Ágnes , Kovács Tekla , Kovács Kristóf Attila , Kramer Zsófia , Kiss András , Szócska Miklós , Pollner Péter , Csabai István 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistopathology is the gold standard method for staging and grading human tumors and provides critical information for the oncoteam’s decision making. Highly-trained pathologists are needed for careful microscopic analysis of the slides produced from tissue taken from biopsy. This is a time-consuming process. A reliable decision support system would assist healthcare systems that often suffer from a shortage of pathologists. Recent advances in digital pathology allow for high-resolution digitalization of pathological slides. Digital slide scanners combined with modern computer vision models, such as convolutional neural networks, can help pathologists in their everyday work, resulting in shortened diagnosis times. In this study, 200 digital whole-slide images are published which were collected via hematoxylin-eosin stained colorectal biopsy. Alongside the whole-slide images, detailed region level annotations are also provided for ten relevant pathological classes. The 200 digital slides, after pre-processing, resulted in 101,389 patches. A single patch is a 512 × 512 pixel image, covering 248 × 248 μm2 tissue area. Versions at higher resolution are available as well. Hopefully, HunCRC, this widely accessible dataset will aid future colorectal cancer computer-aided diagnosis and research.
Biodegradable porous micro/nanoparticles with thermoresponsive gatekeepers for effective loading and precise delivery of active compounds at the body temperature
Authors: Thananukul Kamonchanok , Kaewsaneha Chariya , Opaprakasit Pakorn , Zine Nadia , Elaissari Abdelhamid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStimuli-responsive controlled delivery systems are of interest for preventing premature leakages and ensuring precise releases of active compounds at target sites. In this study, porous biodegradable micro/nanoparticles embedded with thermoresponsive gatekeepers are designed and developed based on Eudragit RS100 (PNIPAM@RS100) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The effect of initiator types on the polymerization of NIPAM monomer/methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) crosslinker was investigated at 60 °C for thermal initiators and ambient temperature for redox initiators. The crosslinked PNIPAM plays a key role as thermal-triggered gatekeepers with high loading efficiency and precise release of a model active compound, Nile Blue A (NB). Below the volume phase transition temperature (TVPT), the gatekeepers possess a swollen conformation to block the pores and store NB within the cavities. Above its TVPT, the chains rearrange, allowing gate opening and a rapid and constant release rate of the compound until completion. A precise “on–off” switchable release efficiency of PNIPAM@RS100 was demonstrated by changing the temperatures to 4 and 40 °C. The materials are a promising candidate for controlled drug delivery systems with a precise and easy triggering mechanism at the body temperature for effective treatments.
Early risk factors for anxiety disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: results from the ELENA Cohort
Authors: Dellapiazza Florine , Michelon Cécile , Picot Marie-Christine , Baghdadli Amaria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) negatively affects their social interactions, and quality of life. It is necessary to identify early risk factors for anxiety to tailor prevention and interventions. We aimed to examine the clinical level of anxiety in children with ASD from 5 to 10 years of age and identify potential early risk factors 3 years earlier. Participants were ASD children included in ELENA, a French prospective cohort. In this study, we used the collection of data at Time 1-T1 (at baseline) and Time 2-T2 (3 years after T1). Two groups were identified at T2 according to the threshold for anxiety on the CBCL: ASD-only group and ASD + anxiety group. Our results showed that half of the children in our sample had a clinical level of anxiety at T2. Regression analysis showed that greater ASD severity and lower sensory processing difficulties predicted lower anxiety, whereas higher levels of restricted and repetitive behaviours tended to predict higher levels of anxiety. The high prevalence of clinical-level anxiety in our sample suggests the need for specific assessment and targeted treatment of anxiety on a routine basis.
Intelligibility, Speech Rate, and Communication Efficiency in Children With Neurological Conditions: A Longitudinal Study of Childhood Dysarthria
Authors: Haas Elisabet , Ziegler Wolfram , Schölderle Theresa 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to describe communication-related parameters (i.e., intelligibility, speech rate, and communication efficiency) and their developmental courses in children with neurological conditions against the background of typical development. In addition, interrelations between the developmental courses of communication-related parameters and auditory-perceptual ratings related to speech subsystems were investigated.

Method:
Fourteen children with neurological conditions (CNC) and 14 typically developing children (CTD), matched for age and gender (four girls; 5;1–8;4 [years;months] at first examination), were assessed at three points in time over an 18-month period. Speech samples were collected using the Bogenhausener Dysarthrie Skalen–Kindliche Dysarthrien (English: Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales–Childhood Dysarthria), a German tool for the assessment of childhood dysarthria. To assess intelligibility, naïve listeners transcribed audio samples of sentence repetitions of the children. Speech rate was measured by acoustic analyses, and communication efficiency was determined by multiplying the proportion of correctly transcribed syllables with speech rate. Age normalization was performed following a recently published approach.

Results:
On the group level, CNC had conspicuous raw and normalized scores for the three communication-related parameters and were more variable than the CTD group regarding their developmental courses. These differences were more pronounced for intelligibility than for speech rate. A strong relationship between communication-related and speech subsystems–related auditory-perceptual characteristics was apparent only between intelligibility and articulation/resonance.

Conclusions:
For the first time, age-normalized scores for communication-related parameters were reported in children with neurological disorders and put into a developmental context within the framework of a longitudinal study. Age-normalized intelligibility was more vulnerable to large developmental changes than speech rate and was best predicted by changes in articulation and resonance. Overall, this study may contribute to a more comprehensive and valid clinical assessment of childhood dysarthria and to a better understanding of its developmental dynamics.
A reinforcement learning backstepping‐based control design for a full vehicle active Macpherson suspension system
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chen , Nguyen Ha Ly Thi , Yang Ji‐Fan , Chiou Hung‐Jui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a reinforcement learning backstepping‐based control scheme for the design of a full vehicle active suspension system such that both the superior ride comfort and stabilization are achieved. It is well known that the traditional backstepping control scheme is suitable to solve higher order nonlinear system based on the strict‐feedback form; however, the disadvantage of the procedure requires computing the derivatives of virtual control signals, which is a very complex task. Therefore, a reinforcement learning scheme using the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) control strategy is developed to replace the process of finding virtual control force in backstepping method. It not only avoids the complexity of analytically calculating the derivatives of the virtual control signals, but also retains the systems robustness when there exist random disturbances from road irregularities. To verify the performance of the proposed active suspension control scheme, the random road unevenness profiles according to ISO 8608 is considered as vertical and lateral disturbance input excitation of a full‐vehicle suspension system. Compared with conventional passive suspension system and backstepping control scheme, the proposed approach can be demonstrated to not only effectively improve ride comfort under random road excitation, but also improve the transient response and robustness.
A tooth surface design method combining semantic guidance, confidence, and structural coherence
Authors: Wang Peng , Tian Yan , Liu Nali , Wang Jialei , Chai Shuangming , Wang Xun , Wang Ruili 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch on tooth surface design based on deep neural networks has recently achieved progress in terms of both accuracy and execution efficiency. However, unrealistic outputs are still a challenging issue, partially because of (1) the lack of semantic guidance, (2) the inability to discover and rectify false results, and (3) the lack of exploration of structural coherence in intermediate layers. In this paper, we present an approach to predict depth images for designed teeth based on a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) by incorporating semantic guidance. Moreover, the uncertainty of semantic inference is employed to improve the model outputs, and a structural coherence loss is proposed for adversarial learning to enhance the discrimination capability of the network in intermediate layers. We evaluate the performance of our approach with the Shining3D tooth dataset. The experimental results show that our method produces better results than the other available approaches in terms of accuracy.
Simple PDF of the sum and maximum of non‐identical fluctuating two‐ray variates
Authors: Al‐Hmood Hussien , Abbas Rafed S. , Al‐Raweshidy Hamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this letter, probability density function (PDF) of the sum and maximum of non‐identical fluctuating two‐ray (FTR) variates are derived in terms of the power and exponential functions. To this effect, novel mathematically tractable expressions of the outage probability (OP) and average bit error probability (ABEP) for both the maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) diversity receptions are provided. The numerical results are affirmed by the Monte‐Carlo simulations for different scenarios.
Design and implementation of a fault detection method for a PV‐fed DC‐microgrid with power control mechanism
Authors: Zakir Muhammad , Arshad Ammar , Sher Hadeed Ahmed , Al‐Durra Ahmed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents practical implementation of a fault detection, localisation, and categorisation (FDLC) method in PV‐fed DC‐microgrid (DCMG). The DCMG is implemented by utilising a group of two DC nanogrids (DCNG) that have power control mechanism (PCM). The FDLC uses a voltage calculating circuit comprising a single voltage sensor and diode network. Moreover, the architecture is based on six statements extracted from the investigation of line to line (L–L) and line to ground (L–G) faults at a DCNG of the cluster. The PCM in the proposed system utilises a power triggering circuit for effective power flow among the different units of the DCNG considering the load demands and the resource availability. Experimentation is carried out by creating L–L/L–G faults at different points in the DCMG. Detection, localisation, and classification of faults is performed by utilising the sensor's voltage and power of the individual DCNG. FDLC offers less computational burden, perform fast detection of fault, and is capable of distinguishing between the L–L/L–G faults and uniform irradiance and partial shading conditions in the PV‐array. The proposed FDLC technique and its six statements are verified through experimental results.
Fast algorithm for box‐constrained fractional‐order total variation image restoration with impulse noise
Authors: Zhu Jianguang , Wei Juan , Hao Binbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel variational model with box constraints is proposed to restore images corrupted by impulse noise. The proposed model is composed of fractional‐order total variation regularization and Lp‐fidelity term . Moreover, the new model possesses the advantages of preserving sharp edges and removing blocking effect. To solve the proposed model, some auxiliary variables are first introduced to transform it into some easy‐to‐solve subproblems. Further, the alternating direction method of multipliers, iteratively re‐weighted ℓ1 algorithm and fast iteration technique are adopted to solve the related subproblems. Numerical results show that the proposed model performs better in comparison with the several existing methods, in terms of both quantitative evaluation and visual quality.
Design and optimization of yokeless magnetic gear with asymmetric Halbach permanent magnet array for electric vehicle powertrain
Authors: Chen Yuanxi , Zhao Xing , Ho Siulau , Niu Shuangxia , Fu Weinong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel 3/27/24 (pole pairs of inner rotor permanent magnet [PM]s/modulator/outer rotor PMs) high torque density yokeless magnetic gear with asymmetric Halbach PM array is presented and optimized for electric vehicle powertrain. The key is to improve the torque performance by replacing the magnetic steel with the light nonmagnetic material as the rotor core and employing the embedded magnetic steel bar as well as trapezoidal PM structure to form a low magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit. The proposed machine has significant performance improvements in two aspects. Firstly, it has high torque density and low iron loss with the yokeless structure. Secondly, it has a high anti‐saturation capability and low torque ripple with the asymmetric Halbach PM array and the embedded magnetic steel bar. The proposed structure is optimized by the co‐simulation of the finite‐element method and C++ optimization software. For a clear evaluation, the proposed structure is compared with generalized solutions in terms of performance and cost. Comparison results indicate that the proposed solution has the highest output torque, torque density, and torque per PM weight among solutions, reaching 214.1 N·m, 58.2 N·m/kg, and 95.6 N·m/kg, which greatly enhances the performance of the magnetic gear.
Coronal mass ejection followed by a prominence eruption and a plasma blob as observed by Solar Orbiter
Authors: Bemporad A. , Andretta V. , Susino R. , Mancuso S. , Spadaro D. , Mierla M. , Berghmans D. , D’Huys E. , Zhukov A. N. , Talpeanu D.-C. , Colaninno R. , Hess P. , Koza J. , Jejčič S. , Heinzel P. , Antonucci E. , Da Deppo V. , Fineschi S. , Frassati F. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Naletto G. , Nicolini G. , Pancrazzi M. , Romoli M. , Sasso C. , Slemer A. , Stangalini M. , Teriaca L. 
Published: June 2022

Context. On 2021 February 12, two subsequent eruptions occurred above the western limb of the Sun, as seen along the Sun-Earth line. The first event was a typical slow coronal mass ejection (CME), followed ∼7 h later by a smaller and collimated prominence eruption, originating south of the CME, followed by a plasma blob. These events were observed not only by the SOHO and STEREO-A missions, but also by the suite of remote-sensing instruments on board Solar Orbiter.
Aims. We show how data acquired by the Full Sun Imager (FSI), the Metis coronagraph, and the Heliospheric Imager (HI) from the Solar Orbiter perspective can be combined to study the eruptions and different source regions. Moreover, we show how Metis data can be analyzed to provide new information about solar eruptions.
Methods. Different 3D reconstruction methods were applied to the data acquired by different spacecraft, including remote-sensing instruments on board Solar Orbiter. Images acquired by the two Metis channels in the visible light (VL) and H I Ly-α line (UV) were combined to derive physical information about the expanding plasma. The polarization ratio technique was also applied for the first time to Metis images acquired in the VL channel.
Results. The two eruptions were followed in 3D from their source region to their expansion in the intermediate corona. By combining VL and UV Metis data, the formation of a post-CME current sheet (CS) was followed for the first time in the intermediate corona. The plasma temperature gradient across a post-CME blob propagating along the CS was also measured for the first time. Application of the polarization ratio technique to Metis data shows that by combining four different polarization measurements, the errors are reduced by ∼5 − 7%. This constrains the 3D plasma distribution better.
Contribution of flows around active regions to the north-south helioseismic travel-time measurements
Authors: Poulier P.-L. , Liang Z.-C. , Fournier D. , Gizon L. 
Published: June 2022

Context. In local helioseismology, the travel times of acoustic waves propagating in opposite directions along the same meridian inform us about horizontal flows in the north-south direction. The longitudinal averages of the north-south helioseismic travel-time shifts vary with the sunspot cycle.
Aims. We aim to study the contribution of inflows into solar active regions to this solar-cycle variation.
Methods. To do so, we identified the local flows around active regions in the horizontal flow maps obtained from correlation tracking of granulation in continuum images of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We computed the forward-modeled travel-time perturbations caused by these inflows using 3D sensitivity kernels. In order to compare with the observations, we averaged these forward-modeled travel-time perturbations over longitude and time in the same way as the measured travel times.
Results. The forward-modeling approach shows that the inflows associated with active regions may account for only a fraction of the solar-cycle variations in the north-south travel-time measurements.
Conclusions. The travel-time perturbations caused by the large-scale inflows surrounding the active regions do not explain in full the solar-cycle variations seen in the helioseismic measurements of the meridional circulation.
Ion beam figuring with focused anode layer thruster
Authors: Girka O. I. , Lee K. I. , Choi Y. S. , Jang S. O. 
Published: June 2022

This work presents the peculiarities of cone ion beam formation with a focused thruster with anode layer (TAL) and its application to silicon carbide (SiC) ion beam figuring. Modeling results of Lorentz E × B force distribution in the discharge gap are presented. 3D particle tracing for keV Ar ions is carried out for the first time in the beam drift region of TAL with magnetic lens. Extracted ion beam full width at half maxima is about 2 mm in the focal plane, where the SiC etching rate reaches 0.5 µm/min. The SiC sputter yields are measured as a function of the Ar ion impact energy and beam incidence angle. The maximum sputter yield of 2.8 atom/ion is observed at 45° of the beam-sample angle for the Si targets. Furthermore, the maximum sputter yield value of 1.7 atom/ion is measured at 30° of the beam-sample angle for the SiC targets. The novelty of present research is in the application of focused TAL keV Ar ion beam to the SiC ion beam figuring.
Effects of different vegetation restoration types on soil hydro-physical properties in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Lyu Du , Yang Yahui , Zhao Wenhui , Xu Xiaoming , He Liang , Guo Jinwei , Lei Siyue , Liu Baoyuan , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: June 2022

Context Severe soil erosion in the Chinese Loess Plateau and the resulting high sediment yield of the Yellow River have been important research topics. Aims Understanding the impacts of vegetation types on soil hydro-physical properties is essential for understanding regional runoff-sediment changes, soil and water conservation, and revegetation. Methods Three main plantation covers of the study area [natural restoration grassland (NG), artificial Prunus armeniaca forest (AP), and artificial Hippophae rhamnoides shrubland (AH) with 15 years of restoration] and Sorghum bicolor agricultural land as control (CK), were selected to compare their soil hydro-physical properties and infiltration capacity in the soil profile. Key results The bulk density was lower, and soil organic matter (SOM), the proportion of macro-aggregates (>5 mm), mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates, and the initial infiltration and stable infiltration rate were higher in the AH plot compared to CK and the other two plots. The impacts of vegetation restoration on soil properties were mainly in the 0–60 cm layer. Infiltration rates changed mainly within 5 h and basically stabilised within 10 h, with even shorter times to reach stable infiltration in CK. The initial and stable infiltration rates were significant positively correlated (P < 0.05) with macro-aggregate content, MWD, and SOM. Conclusions The AH and AP had greater impacts on soil hydro-properties than NG. The AH had the greatest positive effect on soil hydro-properties and soil and water conservation functions. Implications This study provides practical references for vegetation restoration measures assessment on the Loess Plateau or other similar regions.
Divergences of the scalar sector of quadratic gravity
Authors: Álvarez Enrique , Anero Jesús 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The divergences coming from a particular sector of gravitational fluctuations around a generic background in general theories of quadratic gravity are analyzed. They can be summarized in a particular type of scalar model, whose properties are discussed. We analyze in particular with some care arguments against this particular scalar model being unitary. We also discussed the product anomaly in this context.
Non-steady state heat transport: a practical case of a microscopic energy balance in a vegetable
Authors: Tarrazó-Serrano Daniel , Castiñeira-Ibáñez Sergio , Sánchez-García Elena , Bon José , Uris Antonio , Rubio Constanza 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the analytical and numerical solutions of a non-steady state mathematical model are developed and analyzed. The mathematical model development of a non-steady state heat transport for a one-dimensional system is shown, and the analytical solution of the model is presented. The numerical solution of the model, using the finite element method (FEM), is compared to its analytical solution, proving its consistency. One of the advantages of using numerical tools is that more complex solutions can be obtained, even if the corresponding analytical solution does not exist or is not known, which is useful for engineering students. To demonstrate the applications and possibilities of this work, it is shown that changing the boundary conditions, geometry, or dimension in the system and the mathematical model, it can be solved through a numerical solution method. This is easier and more comprehensive for students rather than facing the complexity of the analytical solutions. The paper shows that it is possible to use the FEM in a university teaching context to complementarily explain the underlying physical phenomena of an engineering problem, here applied to a heat transfer problem in a vegetable.