bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Epstein–Barr virus‐deoxyribonucleic acid load after induction chemotherapy combined with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage determine the chemotherapy intensity of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
Authors: Zhang Qun , Peng Zhen‐Wei , Gu Zhuo‐Sheng , Wang Yan , He Fang , Zhao Wen‐Bin , Luo Wei , Mei Yong‐Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundInduction chemotherapy (IC) comprising docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (TPF), combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) effectively improves the survival rate of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA‐NPC). Selecting patients whose risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis is high and the appropriate chemotherapy intensity is a concern. We combined tumor‐node‐metastasis staging with the load of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) after IC to select the individualized chemotherapy strength.MethodsThe clinical data and prognostic factors of patients with stage III–IV LA‐NPC treated with TPF IC combined with CCRT were analyzed retrospectively. The conventional treatment group received the standard three cycles TPF IC combined with CCRT. For the new treatment group, the cycles of IC were determined according to whether the EBV‐DNA disappeared completely after a certain course of IC, if so, subsequent IC was stopped and the chemoradiotherapy stage was entered. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at a ratio of 1:1 to balance baseline characteristics. Survival outcomes and adverse events between the conventional treatment group and the new method treatment group were compared.ResultsThe study included 256 patients, among whom 192 were matched successfully into 96 pairs. The patients were followed up for a median of 51 months. The proportions of patients receiving three, two, and one cycle of IC after PSM in the routine and new treatment cohorts were 93.8%, 3.1%, 3.1% versus 21.9%, 49.0%, 24.0%, respectively. However, their 3‐year distant metastasis‐free survival, local recurrence‐free survival, progression‐free survival, and overall survival did not differ significantly. The incidence of grade 3–4 neutropenia toxicity in CCRT decreased significantly in patients receiving the new treatment method compared with that in the conventional treatment group (p = 0.026).ConclusionCombining TNM stage and EBV‐DNA load after IC to determine the courses of IC in patients with LA‐NPC did not alter the curative effect but decreased toxicity.
Racial inequity and other social disparities in the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer
Authors: Hasan Shaakir , Lazarev Stanislav , Garg Madhur , Mehta Keyur , Press Robert H. , Chhabra Arpit , Choi J. Isabelle , Simone Charles B. , Gorovets Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigate the impact of gender, race, and socioeconomic status on the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer in the United States.MethodsWe utilized the National Cancer Database to stratify cases of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder as early (Tis, Ta, T1), muscle invasive (T2–T3, N0), locally advanced (T4, N1–3), and metastatic. Multivariate binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses identified demographic characteristics associated with stage at diagnosis and receipt of cancer‐directed therapies. Odds ratios (OR) are reported with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsAfter exclusions, we identified 331,714 early, 72,154 muscle invasive, 15,579 locally advanced, and 15,161 metastatic cases from 2004–2016. Relative to diagnosis at early stage, the strongest independent predictors of diagnosis at muscle invasive, locally advanced, and metastatic disease included Black race (OR = 1.19 [1.15–1.23], OR = 1.49 [1.40–1.59], OR = 1.66 [1.56–1.76], respectively), female gender (OR = 1.21 [1.18–1.21], OR = 1.16 [1.12–1.20], and OR = 1.34 [1.29–1.38], respectively), and uninsured status (OR = 1.22 [1.15–1.29], OR = 2.09 [1.94–2.25], OR = 2.57 [2.39–2.75], respectively). Additional demographic factors associated with delayed diagnosis included older age, treatment at an academic center, Medicaid insurance and patients from lower income/less educated/more rural areas (all p < 0.01).Treatment at a non‐academic center, older age, women, Hispanic and Black patients, lower income and rural areas were all less likely to receive cancer‐directed therapies in early stage disease (all p < 0.01). Women, older patients, and Black patients remained less likely to receive treatment in muscle invasive, locally advanced, and metastatic disease (all p < 0.01).ConclusionBlack race was the strongest independent predictor of delayed diagnosis and substandard treatment of bladder cancer.
Assessing social dominance orientation and system justification as psychological pathways from practicing meditation to tax evasion intentions and support for tax progressivity
Authors: De Cristofaro Valeria , Giacomantonio Mauro , Pellegrini Valerio , Salvati Marco , Leone Luigi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent research showed that trait mindfulness might reduce tax evasion intentions and increase support for tax progressivity. The present study proposed that these beneficial effects of being mindful can be explained theoretically by different associations with inequality‐related constructs: social dominance orientation and system justification. Specifically, we tested our predictions by comparing meditation practitioners to nonpractitioners. Results from a path analysis revealed that relative to nonpractitioners, meditation practitioners were less likely to evade taxes primarily because of associations with lower social dominance orientation. Instead, they were more likely to support a progressive taxation primarily through associations with lower system justification. These results support the beneficial role of practicing meditation for tax compliance for people who meditate regularly. Moreover, these results may shed light about the psychological pathways through which practicing meditation brings about such beneficial social consequences.
Rational Design, Synthesis, in Vitro, and in Silico Studies of Chlorophenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐One Containing Different Aryl Acetohydrazides as Tyrosinase Inhibitors
Authors: Hajimiri Mirhamed , Khosravikia Mohammad , Khoshneviszadeh Mehdi , Pedrood Keyvan , Hosseini Seyedeh Zahra , Asgari Mohammad Sadegh , Pirhadi Somayeh , Attarroshan Mahshid , Mobaraki Koroush , Hosseini Samanesadat , Behnammanesh Hossein , Biglar Mahmood , Karimian Somayeh , Rastegar Hossein , Hamedifar Haleh , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad , Iraji Aida 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTyrosinase plays a pivotal role in the hyperpigmentation and enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetable. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors can be of interest in industries as depigmentation compounds as well as anti‐browning agents. In the present study, a series of chlorophenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivative were rationally designed and synthesized. The formation of target compounds was confirmed by spectral characterization techniques such as IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and elemental analysis. Among the synthesized derivatives, compound 8l was proved to be the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 25.48±1.19 μM. Furthermore, the results of the molecular docking study showed that this compound fitted well in the active site of tyrosinase with the binding score of −10.72.
Evaluation of Gene Expression Knock‐Down by Chemically and Structurally Modified Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotides
Authors: Lisowiec‐Wąchnicka Jolanta , Danielsen Mathias B. , Nader Eugenie Abi , Jørgensen Per T. , Wengel Jesper , Pasternak Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe analyzed the effect of modified nucleotides within gapmer antisense oligonucleotides on RNase H mediated gene silencing. Additionally, short hairpins were introduced into antisense oligonucleotides as structural motifs, and their influence on biological and physicochemical properties of pre‐structured gapmers was investigated for the first time. The results indicate that two LNA residues in specified positions of the gap flanking regions are sufficient and favorable for efficient knock‐down of the β‐actin gene. Furthermore, the introduction of other modified nucleotides, i. e. glycyl‐amino‐LNA−T, 2′‐O‐propagyluridine, polyamine functionalized uridine, and UNA, in specified positions, also increases the inhibition of β‐actin expression. Importantly, the presence of hairpins within the gapmers improves their silencing properties.
Anaerobic ATP synthesis pathways and inorganic phosphate transport and their possible roles in encystment in Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Carvalho‐Kelly Luiz Fernando , Dick Claudia Fernanda , Rocco‐Machado Nathalia , Gomes‐Vieira André Luiz , Paes‐Vieira Lisvane , Meyer‐Fernandes José Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcanthamoeba castellanii is the etiological agent of amoebic keratitis and is present in the environment in trophozoite or cyst forms. Both forms can infect the vertebrate host and colonize different tissues. The high resistance of cysts to standard drugs used in clinics contributes to the lack of effective treatments. Therefore, in this context, studies have emerged to understand cyst physiology and metabolism. Phosphate transporters are proteins responsible for the uptake of extracellular inorganic phosphate and transport to the cytosol. This work aims to verify the relationship between Pi transport and energetic metabolism in cysts of A. castellanii. The phosphate uptake ratio was higher in cysts compared with trophozoites. Recently, three sequences related to phosphate transporters have been identified in the A. castellanii genome (AcPHS1, AcPHS2, and AcPHS3); the messenger RNA expression levels of which differ depending on the amoeba life form. Pi uptake in cysts displayed peak activity at alkaline pH, whereas Pi transport in trophozoites was not affected in the same pH ranges. Cysts harbor a low‐affinity Pi transport system (K0,5 and Vmax values of 1.76 ± 0.26 mM and 104.6 ± 6.3 nmol Pi × h−1 × 106 cells) compared to the trophozoite phosphate transport system. Pi transport seems important for anaerobic adenosine triphosphate synthesis in cysts, which initially occurs through the glycolytic pathway and subsequently through the pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase pathway. Altogether, these results suggest that contrary to that previously postulated, cysts are active metabolic forms, and, as noted in trophozoites, phosphate uptake is important for energetic metabolism.
Sex‐related differences in cardiogenic shock: Can we do better in women?
Authors: Thakker Ravi , Jneid Hani 
Published: June 2022

Key PointsThe overall incidence of cardiogenic shock (CS) increased over time in both men and women, although women had lower incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)‐CS and non‐AMI‐CS across all age groups.A favorable trend of reduction in in‐hospital mortality was seen among all age groups regardless of sex in CS patients, except in young AMI‐CS patients (20–44 years) in whom a notable uptrend was observed.After adjustment using propensity score matching, middle‐aged women (45–64 years) with AMI‐CS had higher in‐hospital mortality compared to their male counterparts, while women with non‐AMI‐CS experienced a higher mortality across all age categories (except among elderly patients ≥85 years).
Functionalized Lignin for Fabrication of FeCoNi Nanoparticles‐Enriched 3D Carbon Hybrid: From Waste to a High‐Performance Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst
Authors: Min Xiaoye , Zhang Tingzheng , Xie Mingbo , Zhang Kejing , Chai Liyuan , Lin Zhang , Ding Chunlian , Shi Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe application of lignin‐derived carbon materials in energy conversion is hindered by the complex molecular structure and few metal coordination sites of lignin. In this work, a simple oxidation–coordination method was developed for scalable synthesis of a FeCoNi nanoparticles‐modified nitrogen‐doped carbon hybrid (designated as O−FeCo40Ni10−C) with lignin as carbon precursor for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Specifically, a Fenton reaction‐driven pre‐oxidation process changed the molecular structure of alkali lignin and increased functional groups, which contributes to the efficient incorporation of metal active sites into lignin‐derived carbon materials. Benefiting from abundant active sites, the synergistic effect of CoFe/NiFe compositions and interconnected porous structure, the obtained O−FeCo40Ni10−C exhibited a high OER activity. It only required an overpotential of 280 mV to drive current densities of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH solution. Moreover, the turnover frequency of O−FeCo40Ni10−C was 0.030 and 0.185 s−1 at the overpotential of 300 and 400 mV, respectively. This work provided an environmentally‐friendly strategy to synthesize lignin‐derived catalyst for OER and expanded the application of lignin in energy conversion filed.
Transcriptome sequencing reveals altered ciliogenesis under hypoxia in nasal epithelial cells from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Jiao Jian , Hu Puqi , Zhuang Mengyan , Li Ying , Cai Chao , Wang Xiangdong , Zhang Luo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia is considered a key factor in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the specific mechanism driving polypogenesis under hypoxic conditions is unclear. This study aimed to explore hypoxia‐induced alterations in the transcriptome of human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in vitro.MethodsHNECs derived from the tissue of patients with CRSwNP were established as air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures. Confluent cultures were kept submerged or treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to induce hypoxia. Transcriptome analysis was used to identify key mRNAs involved in this process. Real‐time PCR (RT–PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to observe the effects of hypoxia on ciliogenesis.ResultsNumerous genes, biological processes and pathways were altered under submerged culture conditions or after CoCl2 treatment. Analysis of the results under both hypoxic conditions revealed that the transcriptional program responsible for ciliogenesis was significantly impaired. Downregulation of cilia‐related genes and inhibition of ciliated cell differentiation under hypoxia were confirmed by RT–PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses.ConclusionHypoxia impairs ciliogenesis and ciliary function in HNECs, which might play a role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.
Acridine‐Peptide Conjugated Nanofiber Assembly Triggers Stimuli‐Free Immobilization of Crude Oil and Read‐Out by Turn‐On Emission
Authors: Asthana Deepak , Patti Nagabhushanam , Mukhopadhyay Pritam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanomaterials that can perform cascading functions in the domain of rapidity and strength of self‐assembly, able to immobilize a large mass with minimum energy, and generate optical signal hold potential to contain recurring oil‐spills and remediation of land or water bodies. Herein, we report the stimuli‐free, phase‐selective immobilization of naturally occurring heavy crude oil. Molecule(s) described herein are capable of forming nanofibers with large‐area junction zones and instantaneously immobilize petroleum products (PPs), and also report the event with a turn‐on emission. The extraordinary efficiency of 0.4 kg immobilizer per ton of petrol and wide operational temperature range (up to 330–360 K) stems from the rapid creation of advanced assemblies having strength (>105 Pa) akin to the robust polymeric fibers. Thus, this new generation of intelligent nanomaterials with ingrained information to carry out multiple and complex function in tandem offers bright prospects to control and effectively detect the oil spill menace in a proficient manner.
Performance assessment of ensembles of in situ workflows under resource constraints
Authors: Do Tu Mai Anh , Pottier Loïc , Ferreira da Silva Rafael , Caíno‐Lores Silvina , Taufer Michela , Deelman Ewa 
Published: June 2022

SummaryScientific breakthroughs in biomolecular methods and improvements in hardware technology have shifted from a long‐running simulation to a large set of shorter simulations running simultaneously, called an ensemble. In an ensemble, simulations are usually coupled with analyses of data produced by the simulations. In situ methods can be used to analyze large volumes of data generated by scientific simulations at runtime (i.e., simulations and analyses are performed concurrently). In this work, we study the execution of ensemble‐based simulations paired with in situ analyses using in‐memory staging methods. Using an ensemble of molecular dynamics in situ workflows with multiple simulations and analyses, we first show that collecting traditional metrics such as makespan, instructions per cycle, memory usage, or cache miss ratio is not sufficient to characterize complex behaviors of ensembles. We propose a method to evaluate the performance of ensembles of workflows that captures multiple resource usage aspects: resource efficiency, resource allocation, and resource provisioning. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively distinguish the performance of different component placements in an ensemble with up to 32 ensemble members. By evaluating different co‐location scenarios, our proposed performance indicators demonstrate benefits of co‐locating simulation and coupled analyses within a compute node.
A modified Z‐source switched‐capacitor based non‐isolated high gain DC‐DC converter for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kishor Yugal , Patel Ramnarayan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work proposes a modified high gain DC‐DC converter integrated with two boost converter stages, based on a boost cell and a Z‐source (ZS) cell with a switched capacitor (SC). The proposed converter architecture is simple, with a continuous input current and a wide range of input voltage fluctuation handling capabilities. It also provides a high voltage gain while minimizing voltage stress on semiconductor components. Because of the aforementioned characteristics, the proposed converter is suitable for combining with low‐voltage DC‐sources to high‐voltage DC bus in a variety of applications such as solar photovoltaic (SPV), fuel‐cell, and LED lighting. The operational principles, thermal modeling, steady‐state, and dynamic performance analysis are meticulously carried out on a 400 W laboratory prototype of the proposed converter. The converter's performance is carefully compared with similar existing topologies in terms of total device count and size, the voltage stress on power semiconductors, voltage gain, and peak efficiency. Furthermore, experimental findings show that a 12 V input is boosted to 98.8 V at a duty ratio of 0.3, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed converter over a comparable structure.
Hürthle cell‐predominant thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology: A four risk‐factor model highly accurate in excluding malignancy and predicting neoplasm
Authors: Yuan Lisi , Nasr Christian , Bena James F. , Elsheikh Tarik M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundInterpretation of Hürthle cell‐predominant cytologies (HCP) is very challenging as a majority is diagnosed as indeterminate. Prior studies have reported various cytologic features to help distinguish non‐neoplastic (NN) from neoplastic and malignant lesions but had contradicting results. Our aim was to identify risk factors predictive of neoplasm and/or malignancy by correlating cytologic features with clinical and ultrasound findings.MethodsSixty‐nine HCP cases with surgical follow‐up were identified, including 35 NN, 20 adenomas, and 14 carcinomas. Ultrasound data were recorded utilizing Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS) and American Thyroid Association (ATA) scoring systems. Sixteen cytologic criteria were evaluated and semi‐quantitatively scored. Data were assessed by univariable, multivariable and stepwise logistic regression analysis; and statistical significance achieved at P‐value <0.05.ResultsOn univariable analysis, significant predictors of neoplasm were high cellularity, isolated single cells, absent colloid, non‐uniform HC population (anisonucleosis), larger nodule size, and higher ATA score. Large‐cell dysplasia and transgressing blood vessels were not found to be significant factors. Multivariable analysis identified a combination of four risk factors (high cellularity, anisonucleosis, absent colloid, and size ≥2.9 cm) that was associated with neoplasm in 10/11 patients. None of 15 patients with zero or 1 out of 4 risk factors had malignancy or neoplasm on follow‐up. This model also significantly outperformed ATA and TI‐RADS scoring systems.ConclusionIn the absence of four or three risk factors, the model excluded malignancy and neoplasm in all patients. The presence of all four factors predicted neoplasm and malignancy in 91% and 46% of cases, respectively.
Expressive language in infancy and toddlerhood: The roles of child temperament and maternal parenting behaviors
Authors: Bruce Madeleine , McFayden Tyler C. , Ollendick Thomas H. , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrompt, appropriate, and contingent maternal behaviors play a role in early language acquisition, as do individual differences in children's temperament. However, little work has investigated the combined influence of maternal psychosocial and child biological factors on expressive language development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent and longitudinal contributions of responsive/intrusive parenting and child temperament to multiple expressive language outcomes at 10 and 24 months of age. Participants included 407 mothers and children (209 girls). Mothers completed questionnaires about their infant's temperament and language, and maternal parenting was coded during mother–child interaction tasks. Dependent variables included (1) gestures at 10 months, (2) vocabulary at 24 months, (3) mean length of utterance at 24 months, and (4) sentence complexity at 24 months. After controlling for child sex and maternal education, child temperament was associated with language outcomes at 10 and 24 months, whereas intrusive, but not responsive, parenting related to only 24 month language outcomes. Longitudinally, infant negative affectivity predicted sentence complexity in toddlerhood. These findings elucidate the presence of both psychological and biological predictors as they differentially influence various aspects of expressive language development across the first two postnatal years.