bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Out-of-Lab Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Assessment: A Review of Portable Sensing Approaches
Authors: Tan Tian , Gatti Anthony A. , Fan Bingfei , Shea Kevin G. , Sherman Seth L. , Uhlrich Scott D. , Hicks Jennifer L. , Delp Scott L. , Shull Peter B. , Chaudhari Akshay S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) surgery are common. Many ACL-injured subjects develop osteoarthritis within a decade of injury, a major cause of disability without cure. Laboratory-based biomechanical assessment can evaluate ACL injury risk and rehabilitation progress after ACLR; however, lab-based measurements are expensive and inaccessible to a majority of people. Portable sensors such as wearables and cameras can be deployed during sporting activities, in clinics, and in patient homes for biomechanical assessment. Although many portable sensing approaches have demonstrated promising results during various assessments related to ACL injury, they have not yet been widely adopted as tools for ACL injury prevention training, evaluation of ACL reconstructions, and return-to-sport decision making. The purpose of this review is to summarize research on out-of-lab portable sensing applied to ACL and ACLR and offer our perspectives on new opportunities for future research and development. We identified 49 original research articles on out-of-lab ACL-related assessment; the most common sensing modalities were inertial measurement units (IMUs), depth cameras, and RGB cameras. The studies combined portable sensors with direct feature extraction, physics-based modeling, or machine learning to estimate a range of biomechanical parameters (e.g., knee kinematics and kinetics) during jump-landing tasks, cutting, squats, and gait. Many of the reviewed studies depict proof-of-concept methods for potential future clinical applications including ACL injury risk screening, injury prevention training, and rehabilitation assessment. By synthesizing these results, we describe important opportunities that exist for using sophisticated modeling techniques to enable more accurate assessment along with standardization of data collection and creation of large benchmark datasets. If successful, these advances will enable widespread use of portable-sensing approaches to identify ACL injury risk factors, mitigate high-risk movements prior to injury, and optimize rehabilitation paradigms.
Global Menstrual Cycle Symptomatology as Reported by Users of a Menstrual Tracking Mobile Application
Authors: Ainsworth Alessandra J , Peven Kimberly , Bamford Ryan , Zhaunova Liudmila , Salimgaraev Rodion , Prentice Carley , Wickham Aidan , Cunningham Adam , Goddard Frederick , Ponzo Sonia , Babayev Samir N 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a shared experience throughout the world, menstrual symptomatology is underreported and often misunderstood, by both individuals who menstruate and their providers. This study aimed to investigate symptomatology throughout the menstrual cycle, including the frequency of symptoms reported for each phase of the cycle and the relationship between symptoms.MethodsThis study included self-reported cycle information and symptoms during ovulatory menstrual cycles in mobile application users. Symptom frequency was described overall, by phase, and by day. Relationships between symptoms were examined through correlation coefficients and term frequency-inverse document frequency analysis.Results437,577 unique users and 896,051 unique cycles were included in the analysis. Somatic symptoms were most frequently reported, logged in 88.3% of cycles. Of the total symptoms logged, somatic, gastrointestinal, and negative mood symptoms were most prevalent in the late luteal and bleeding days. In contrast, positive mood and discharge were most reported in the fertile window. Mood symptoms were highly correlated with each other (energetic mood and happy mood r=0.62, anxious mood and obsessive thoughts r=0.60). Fatigue was highly correlated with somatic and gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating (r=0.62), headache (r=0.60), backache (r=0.58), and nausea (r=0.55).ConclusionsMenstrual cycle-related symptoms are very common and vary throughout the menstrual cycle. While negative symptoms, including pain, bloating, and negative mood, are most commonly reported, women also report positive symptoms, such as energetic and happy mood. Self-reported data from cycle tracking and health apps can improve our understanding of the prevalence and variability of menstrual-related symptoms.Plain English SummaryOur study includes data collected from users of a menstrual tracking application. We found that menstrual symtpoms are common, throughout the menstrual cycle, and include both positive and negative mood and physical symptoms. This large data set may help to normalize menstrual symptoms and provide a basis for future research and understanding.
Impact of COVID-19 related social isolation on behavioral outcomes in young adults
Authors: Patrono Alessandra , Invernizzi Azzurra , Placidi Donatella , Cagna Giuseppa , Calza Stefano , Oppini Manuela , Rechtman Elza , Papazaharias Demetrios M. , Reichenberg Abraham , Lucchini Roberto G. , Memo Maurizio , Ongaro Elisa , Rota Matteo , Wright Robert O. , Renzetti Stefano , Horton Megan K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocial isolation strongly affects our emotions, behavior and interactions. Worldwide, individuals experienced prolonged periods of isolation during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic when authorities imposed restrictions to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we investigated the effects of social isolation on emotional and behavioral outcomes in young adults from Lombardy, Italy, a global hotspot of COVID-19. We leverage baseline (pre-social isolation) and follow-up (mid-or post isolation) data collected from young adults enrolled in the ongoing, longitudinal Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure (PHIME) study. At baseline, 167 participants completed the ASEBA questionnaires (ASR/YSR) by weblink or in person; 65 completed the ASR between 12-18 weeks after the onset of restrictions. Using the sign test and multiple linear regression models, we examined differences in ASR scores between baseline and follow-up adjusting for sex, age, pre-pandemic IQ (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Tests; K-BIT 2), and time with social restrictions (weeks). Further, we examined interactions between sex and time in social isolation. Participants completed the ASR after spending an average of 14 weeks in social isolation (range 12-18 weeks). Thought Problems increased between baseline and follow-up (median difference 1.0; 1st., 3rdquartile: -1.0, 4.0; p=0.049). Among males, a longer time with social isolation (≥ 14 weeks) was associated with increased rule-breaking behaviors of 2.8 points. These results suggest the social isolation related to COVID-19 adversely impacted mental health. In particular, males seem to externalize their condition. These findings might help future interventions and treatment to minimize the consequences of social isolation experience in young adults.
Monkeypox outbreak in the Netherlands in 2022: public health response, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 1000 cases and protection of the first-generation smallpox vaccine
Authors: van Ewijk Catharina E. , Miura Fuminari , van Rijckevorsel Gini , de Vries Henry J.C. , Welkers Matthijs R.A. , van den Berg Oda E. , Friesema Ingrid H.M. , van den Berg Patrick , Dalhuisen Thomas , Wallinga Jacco , Brandwagt Diederik , van Cleef Brigitte A.G.L. , Vennema Harry , Voordouw Bettie , Koopmans Marion , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , Swaan Corien M. , te Wierik Margreet J.M. , Leenstra Tjalling , Op de Coul Eline , Franz Eelco ,   the Dutch Monkeypox Response Team
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn early May 2022 a global outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) started among persons without a travel history to regions known to be enzootic for monkeypox-virus. On August 8 2022, the Netherlands reported its 1000thmonkeypox case representing a cumulative incidence of 55 per million population, one of the highest cumulative incidences worldwide. Here we describe the epidemiological characteristics and clinical presentation of the first 1000 monkeypox cases in the Netherlands, within the context of the public health response. Additionally, we explored risk factors for and estimated the protective effect of first-generation smallpox vaccine against more severe MPX.The first 1000 MPX cases, reported between May 20 and August 8 2022, were predominantly MSM aged 31-45 years. The vast majority of infections were acquired through sexual contact with casual partners in private or recreational settings including LGBTQIA+ venues in the Netherlands. This indicates that, although some larger upsurges occurred from point-source and/or travel related events, the outbreak is mainly characterised by sustained transmission within the Netherlands. More severe MPX was associated with having one or more comorbidities as well as having participated in more (3+) different sexual activities 21 days before symptom onset. We found a vaccine effectiveness of the prior first-generation smallpox vaccine against more severe MPX of 58% (95% CI 17-78%), suggesting moderate protection against more severe MPX symptoms on top of any possible protection by this vaccine against MPXV infection and disease.
Development and validation of the Chinese Osteoporosis Screening Algorithm (COSA) in Identification of People with High Risk of Osteoporosis
Authors: Cheung Ching-Lung , Li Gloria Hoi-Yee , Mak Constance , Tan Kathryn CB , Kung Annie WC 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis is a prevalent but under-diagnosed disease partly due to the limited availability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machines in many countries. To enhance the public awareness and facilitate diagnosis of osteoporosis, we aimed to develop a new Chinese Osteoporosis Screening Algorithm (COSA) and compare its performance with the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) to identify people at high risk of osteoporosis. A total of 4,747 postmenopausal women and men aged≥50 years from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study were randomly split into a development (N=2,373) and an internal validation cohort (N=2,374). An external validation cohort comprising 1,876 community-dwelling subjects was used to evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV). Among 11 predictors included, age, sex, weight, and history of fracture were significantly associated with osteoporosis after correction for multiple testing in the development cohort. Age- and sex-stratified models were developed separately for women aged<65 years, women aged≥65 years, and men due to the presence of significant sex and age interactions. The AUC of the COSA in the internal validation cohort was 0.761 (95% CI: 0.711-0.811), 0.822 (95% CI: 0.792-0.851), and 0.946 (95% CI: 0.908-0.984) for women aged<65 years, women aged≥65 years, and men, respectively. The COSA outperformed OSTA in identifying people with osteoporosis in all the three groups. In the external validation cohort, the PPV of COSA was 40.6%, 59.4%, and 19.4% for women aged<65 years, women aged≥65 years, and men, respectively. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a new osteoporosis screening algorithm, COSA, specific for Hong Kong Chinese.
Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers within primary healthcare facilities, Entebbe municipality Uganda
Authors: Kyakuwa N , Atuhairwe C , KalutTe H , Mpooya S , Nakanjako F , Perez L , Kikaire B 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRoutine vaccination is an essential highly successfully public health intervention in the prevention of infectious diseases that greatly depends on high coverage, and health care workers (HCWs) who play a pivotal role in ensuring the high uptake of vaccines in the population. COVID-19 vaccines have been proven efficacious, and vaccination campaigns have been ongoing, however, there is a perceived high vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in Uganda. This study describes the level and determinants of uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs in Entebbe municipality, Uganda.Materials and methodsWe conducted a health facility based cross-sectional study among HCWs from private and government health facilities in Entebbe municipality between July 2021 and August 2021. Structured questionnaires were used, and data were analysed using Stata version 12. We defined uptake as having received at least the first doze of COVID-19 vaccine or completed the two dozes.ResultsThe level of vaccine uptake was 65.6%with higher uptake among males than females. HCWs aged 30-39 years were 2.7 times more likely to have been vaccinated than those less than 30 years (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.26-5.88, P-value <0.01), and the odds of having been vaccinated were 4 times higher among health workers above 40 years (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.50-12.24, P-value < 0.01). Additionally, the odds of having been vaccinated were 4 times higher among health care workers that participated in COVID-19 vaccine related activities (OR 4.18, 95% CI 2.16-8.10, p-value <0.001). Healthcare workers (98%) had confidence in the vaccines although 45% of those that were not vaccinated felt that the vaccines were ineffective.ConclusionVaccine uptake among HCWs was relatively high compared to the WHO recommended uptake of 70% by mid-2022, although some HCWs were still hesitant. The convenience of vaccination services was an important factor in vaccine uptake. Hence, governments should endeavour to improve access to vaccination both for HCWs and the public.
Evaluation of a camera-based monitoring solution against regulated medical devices to measure: Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, Oxygen Saturation, and Blood Pressure
Authors: Talukdar Debjyoti , de Deus Luis Felipe , Sehgal Nikhil 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTRegular monitoring of common physiological signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, can be an effective way to either prevent or detect several potential conditions. In particular, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a worldwide concern. According to the World Health Organization, 31% of all deaths worldwide are from CVDs. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the interest in remote monitoring. At present, contact devices are required to extract most of an individual’ s physiological information, which can be inconvenient for users and may cause discomfort. However, remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) technology offers a solution for this issue, which enables contactless monitoring of the blood volume pulse signal using a regular camera, and ultimately can provide the same physiological information as a contact device. In this paper we propose an evaluation of rPPG technology against medical devices in a clinical environment, with a variety of subjects in a wide range of age, height, weight, and baseline vital signs. Results have shown that rPPG technology was able to meet the initial hypothesis of mean error of +/-3 units for Heart rate, Respiration Rate, and SpO2 estimation, as well as +/-10 mmHg for Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines at Preventing Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Immunocompromised Adults: An Observational Study of Real-World Data Across 10 US States from August-December 2021
Authors: Embi Peter J. , Levy Matthew E. , Patel Palak , DeSilva Malini B. , Gaglani Manjusha , Dascomb Kristin , Dunne Margaret M. , Klein Nicola P. , Ong Toan C. , Grannis Shaun J. , Natarajan Karthik , Yang Duck-Hye , Stenehjem Edward , Zerbo Ousseny , McEvoy Charlene , Rao Suchitra , Thompson Mark G. , Konatham Deepika , Irving Stephanie A. , Dixon Brian E. , Han Jungmi , Schrader Kristin E. , Grisel Nancy , Lewis Ned , Kharbanda Anupam B. , Barron Michelle A. , Reynolds Sue , Liao I-Chia , Fadel William F. , Rowley Elizabeth A. , Arndorfer Julie , Goddard Kristin , Murthy Kempapura , Valvi Nimish R. , Weber Zachary A. , Fireman Bruce , Reese Sarah E. , Ball Sarah W. , Naleway Allison L. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundImmunocompromised (IC) persons are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes and are less protected by 1-2 COVID-19 vaccine doses than are immunocompetent (non-IC) persons. We compared vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically attended COVID-19 of 2-3 mRNA and 1-2 viral-vector vaccine doses between IC and non-IC adults.MethodsUsing a test-negative design among eight VISION Network sites, VE against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19–associated emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) events and hospitalizations from 26 August-25 December 2021 was estimated separately among IC and non-IC adults and among specific IC condition subgroups. Vaccination status was defined using number and timing of doses. VE for each status (versus unvaccinated) was adjusted for age, geography, time, prior positive test result, and local SARS-CoV-2 circulation.ResultsWe analyzed 8,848 ED/UC events and 18,843 hospitalizations among IC patients and 200,071 ED/UC events and 70,882 hospitalizations among non-IC patients. Among IC patients, 3-dose mRNA VE against ED/UC (73% [95% CI: 64-80]) and hospitalization (81% [95% CI: 76-86]) was lower than that among non-IC patients (ED/UC: 94% [95% CI: 93-94]; hospitalization: 96% [95% CI: 95-97]). Similar patterns were observed for viral-vector vaccines. Transplant recipients had lower VE than other IC subgroups.ConclusionsDuring B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant predominance, IC adults received moderate protection against COVID-19–associated medical events from three mRNA doses, or one viral-vector dose plus a second dose of any product. However, protection was lower in IC versus non-IC patients, especially among transplant recipients, underscoring the need for additional protection among IC adults.Key pointsDuring Delta variant predominance, immunocompromised (IC) adults received moderate protection against COVID-19-associated medical events from three mRNA doses, but IC patients, especially transplant recipients, were less protected than non-IC patients, underscoring the need for additional protection beyond the primary series.
Landmark-based analysis of speech differentiates conversational from clear speech in speakers with muscle tension dysphonia
Authors: Ishikawa Keiko , Pietrowicz Mary , Charney Sara , Orbelo Diana 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the feasibility of differentiating conversational and clear speech produced by individuals with muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) using Landmark-Based Analysis of Speech (LMBAS). Thirty-four adult speakers with MTD recorded conversational and clear speech. Of those, 27 speakers were able to produce clear speech. The recordings of these individuals were analyzed with an open-source LMBAS program, SpeechMark®, MATLAB Toolbox ver. 1.1.2.The mixed-effect logistic regression model indicated that the burst-onset landmark differentiated conversational speech from clear speech. The LMBAS is a potential approach for detecting the difference between conversational and clear speech in individuals with mild to moderate MTD.
Legionnaires’ disease in Switzerland: Rationale and study protocol of a prospective national case-control and molecular source attribution study (SwissLEGIO)
Authors: Fischer Fabienne B. , Bigler Melina , Mäusezahl Daniel , Hattendorf Jan , Egli Adrian , Julian Timothy R. , Rölli Franziska , Gaia Valeria , Wymann Monica , Fridez Françoise , Bertschi Stefanie ,   the SwissLEGIO Hospital Network
Published: October 2022

AbstractSwitzerland has one of the highest annual Legionnaires’ disease (LD) notification rates in Europe (7.8 cases/ 100,000 population in 2021). The main sources of infection and the cause for this high rate remain largely unknown. This hampers the implementation of targetedLegionellaspp. control efforts. TheSwissLEGIOnational case-control and molecular source attribution study investigates risk factors and infection sources for community-acquired LD in Switzerland. Over the duration of one year, the study is recruiting 205 newly diagnosed LD patients through a network of 20 university and cantonal hospitals. Healthy controls matched for age, sex, and residence at district level are recruited from the general population. Risk factors for LD are assessed in questionnaire-based interviews. Clinical and environmentalLegionellaspp. isolates are compared using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Direct comparison of sero- and sequence types (ST), core genome multilocus sequencing types (cgMLST), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between clinical and environmental isolates are used to investigate infection sources and the prevalence and virulence of differentLegionellaspp. strains detected across Switzerland. TheSwissLEGIOstudy innovates in combining case-control and molecular typing approaches for source attribution on a national level outside an outbreak setting. The study provides a unique platform for national Legionellosis andLegionellaresearch and is conducted in an inter- and transdisciplinary, co-production approach involving various national governmental and national research stakeholders.
Preventing antimalarial drug resistance with triple artemisinin-based combination therapies
Authors: Nguyen Tran Dang , Gao Bo , Amaratunga Chanaki , Dhorda Mehul , Tran Thu Nguyen-Anh , White Nicholas J , Dondorp Arjen M , Boni Maciej F , Aguas Ricardo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing levels of artemisinin and partner drug resistance threaten malaria control and elimination globally. Triple artemisinin-based combination therapies (TACTs) which combine artemisinin derivatives with two partner drugs are efficacious and well tolerated in clinical trials, including in areas of multidrug-resistant malaria. Whether early TACT adoption could delay the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance is a question of vital importance.MethodsUsing two independent individual-based models ofPlasmodium falciparumepidemiology and evolution, we evaluated whether introduction of either artesunate-mefloquine-piperaquine or artemether-lumefantrine-amodiaquine resulted in lower long-term artemisinin-resistance levels and treatment failure rates compared with continued ACT use.FindingsIn countries with 1%P. falciparumprevalence, immediate adoption of TACTs would result in substantially lower frequency of artemisinin-resistant alleles 10 years later. Median estimates were 70%, 33%, and 18% lower allele frequency for countries currently deploying dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, artesunate-amodiaquine, or artemether-lumefantrine, respectively. Corresponding median treatment failure rate decreases are 74%, 34%, and 17%. Delaying TACT introduction increases future resistance frequencies and treatment failure rates. The most significant threat to the success of TACTs is the emergence of a triple-resistant genotype. which if above 0.01 frequency may undermine elimination efforts in low-prevalence regions.InterpretationIntroduction of TACTs could delay the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance and treatment failure, extending the useful therapeutic life of current antimalarial drugs and improving the chances of malaria elimination. Immediate introduction of TACTs should be considered by policy makers in areas of emerging artemisinin resistance.