bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Inequities in Brain Trauma Outcome Prevalences Reported in the All of Us Database
Authors: Wroblewski Tadeusz H , Ononogbu-Uche Favour , Jagtiani Pemla , Roberts Marie-Claire , Bigdeli Tim B , Barthélemy Ernest J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern affecting millions of people yearly. Disparities in TBI outcomes based on social determinants of health (SDoH), such as race and socioeconomic position, highlight the need to explore the causative structural inequities. We employed a socio-epidemiological approach, with particular focus on the putative role of structural racism, to investigate the prevalence, sociodemographic patterns, and neuropsychiatric outcomes of TBI in the All of Us database. This study included 11,286 individuals with a documented TBI diagnosis, determined based on a curated phenotype definition using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases Clinical Modification criteria. Outcome measures included TBI prevalence and sociodemographic distribution; TBI severity; and neuropsychiatric diagnoses related to TBI. Nearly equivalent TBI prevalences were observed across racial categories. Black participants with TBI had higher socioeconomic deprivation indices and higher prevalence of certain neuropsychiatric conditions, such as substance use disorders and headache disorders, compared to White participants. This study underscores the importance of considering SDoH, particularly race and socioeconomic position, in TBI research. These findings highlight the need for efforts to address structural inequities that impact disparities in TBI and call for future research investigating how healthcare practices relate to disparities in TBI outcomes.
Measuring Medical Student Scholarly Activity After a Structured Plastic Surgery Research Fellowship: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Panton Jasmine A , Thota Bhavana , Culver Abby J , Kenkel Jeffrey M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Plastic surgery is consistently one of the most competitive medical specialties in the NRMP match, with students often partaking in dedicated research fellowships to bolster their applications.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to quantify the academic productivity of medical students completing a structured plastic surgery research fellowship at a single academic center over a seven-year period.

Methods
The bibliometric output of 26 medical student research fellows was analyzed. Eligible scholarly activities for analysis included peer-reviewed articles, books and book chapters, and video editorials published in the field of plastic surgery and indexed between July 1st of the fellowship and September 1, 2023. Cross-verified citation lists were generated for each author and h-index, publication number, number of citing articles, sum of times cited, author position, and journal or book title were recorded.

Results
24 of 26 research fellows have published a total of 177 scholarly activities (93.22% articles) which have been cited in approximately 322 articles. Mean publications per fellow was 6.69 and mean h-index is 1.46. Analysis excluding the 2022-2023 cohort revealed a strong positive correlation between years since beginning research fellowship and both mean h-index (r = .84, P &lt; .001) and mean number of publications per year (r = .81, P &lt;.001).

Conclusions
Structured research fellowships can serve as a springboard for medical students to increase research output and engage meaningfully with academia. Our study suggests that publications in peer-reviewed journals continue to increase following participation in a structured plastic surgery research fellowship.
Using 18F-FDG PET/CT to Predict PD-L1 Expression in NSCLC via Metabolic Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Chang Ruxi , Luo Liang , Shen Cong , Zhang Weishan , Duan Xiaoyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using F-18 FDG PET/CT metabolic heterogeneity to assess the PD-L1 expression in primary tumors.

Methods
Data from 103 NSCLC patients undergoing F-18 FDG PET/CT was collected. PD-L1 expression was verified via biopsy or surgical specimens. The coefficient of variation (COV) assessed metabolic heterogeneity of the primary tumor. ROC curves evaluated the predictive potential of metabolic metrics and defined thresholds. Logistic regression examined predictors of PD-L1 expression.

Results
The study included 103 patients (mean age: 63.65 ± 9.28 years), of whom 60 were male. 64 patients were PD-L1 expression positive, while 39 were negative. COV was significantly higher in the PD-L1 positive group (Z = -2.529, P = 0.011),while no significant differences noted in otherparameters between the groups (P &gt; 0.05 for all). The optimal cutoff value was proposed as 28.9, with sensitivity and specificity of 46.9% (34.3%-59.8%)and 82.1%(66.5%-92.5%), respectively (AUC: 0.649(0.549, 0.741)) whichcan more effectively identify PD-L1 negative patients. Other metabolic parameters are less effective than COV.(AUV &lt; 0.6). In addition, COV-defined metabolic heterogeneity outperformed other metabolic parameters in predicting PD-L1 expression (p = 0.049) and emerged as an independent predictor.

Conclusion
Metabolic heterogeneity, described by the COV of the primary lesion, is a marker for predicting PD-L1 expression in NSCLC patients. Therefore, the COV of the primary tumor may complement conventional imaging in providing immunohistochemical information before biopsy.

Advances in knowledge
COV of the primary tumor can predict PD-L1 expression, potentially complementing conventional imaging for immunohistochemical information prior to biopsy.
Coronary angiography with photon-counting detector CT –New options and some critical decisions
Authors: Mergen Victor , Eberhard Matthias , Alkadhi Hatem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The advent of photon-counting detector CT brought up various new interesting possibilities for coronary imaging including different scan modes and various post-processing options. The two main scan modes include spectral data acquisition with inherent energy-resolved imaging and ultra-high-resolution scanning with unprecedented high spatial resolution, both at the highest available temporal resolution. Post-processing options include the generation of virtual monoenergetic images at different levels and the generation of virtual non-calcium images. Many early studies indicated the potential of each of these options for coronary CT angiography but also show that much more work is needed to clarify the optimal scan mode for each individual patient and clinical setting.
Fossil Astropanax Seem. (Araliaceae) from the early Miocene (21.73 Mya) Mush Valley plant assemblages of Ethiopia
Authors: Pan Aaron D , Jacobs Bonnie F , Currano Ellen D , Gostel Morgan R , Lowry Porter P , Plunkett Gregory M , Hoffmann Julia , Geier Christian , Grímsson Friðgeir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Astropanax is a monophyletic genus found in the Africa–Madagascar–Seychelles region whose evolutionary and biogeographic history, and that of related Araliaceae genera, are poorly known. In this paper, we report the presence of Astropanax leaves and pollen in Ethiopia 21.73 million years ago from the Mush Valley locality, which preserves leaf material with cuticles, fruits, seeds, woods, and less common biota including insects. Astropanax was part of a moist tropical forest community surrounding a volcanic crater lake and dominated by a single legume taxon (Englerodendron mulugetanum). Forty-nine leaf morphotypes have been documented at Mush and, along with Astropanax, identified taxa all have living relatives mainly confined to west, central, and east African forests. The plant genera found together at Mush include groups limited today to both lowlands (e.g. the swamp palm, Sclerosperma), and uplands (e.g. Hagenia). Astropanax species are most often found today in the uplands. Subsequent to the early Miocene, some genera present at Mush may have diverged into lineages that comprise the highland and lowland forest species known today. Araliaceae fossils are known from Paleogene localities primarily across the northern continents; the occurrence of Astropanax in the early Miocene of Ethiopia appears to represent the earliest definitive occurrence of Araliaceae on the African continent.
Dominant rhabdomyolysis linked to a recurrent ATP2A2 variant reducing SERCA2 function in muscle
Authors: Malaichamy Sivasankar , Idoux Romane , Polavarapu Kiran , Šikić Katarina , Holla Elisa , Thompson Rachel , Spendiff Sally , Schänzer Anne , Kusters Benno , Freeman Emily , Hentschel Andreas , O’Neil Daniel , Carmona-Martinez Ricardo , Dobelmann Vera , Tucht Calvin , Schouten Meyke , Ruck Tobias , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike , Kamsteeg Erik-Jan , Ramadža Danijela Petković , Jakovčević Antonia , Zigman Tamara , Čavka Mislav , Karcagi Veronika , Herczegfalvi Agnes , Laurie Steven , Matalonga Leslie , Beltran Sergi , Horvath Rita , Voermans Nicol , Roos Andreas , Barić Ivo , Lochmüller Hanns 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is an acute failure of cellular homeostasis resulting in muscle breakdown, triggered by trauma, infection, drugs, or strenuous exercise. Recurrent rhabdomyolysis is often associated with genetic and metabolic defects of skeletal muscle. The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2), encoded by the ATP2A2 gene, is an intracellular pump located in the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum that is essential for maintaining intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and is highly expressed in slow-twitch muscle. Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in ATP2A2 have previously been associated with dominant skin diseases, but not with rhabdomyolysis.
In this study, we report a rare novel heterozygous missense variant in the ATP2A2 gene (c.1583G&gt;A, p.R528Q) identified in 14 affected individuals from three unrelated families with recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Muscle biopsy revealed mild myopathic changes with fiber type uniformity, core-like structures, and Z-band streaming, but normal levels of SERCA2 protein. Ca2+ imaging showed that SR/ER Ca2+ reuptake mediated by SERCA2 was significantly slower in myotubes derived from patient fibroblasts carrying the c.1583G&gt;A variant. We hypothesize that the ATP2A2 variant impairs SERCA2a function in slow-twitch muscle, disrupting SR Ca²⁺ reuptake and causing cytosolic Ca²⁺ overload following a trigger, leading to recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Morphant zebrafish embryos with atp2a2a knockdown showed morphological and functional muscle abnormalities with a reduction in body length and trunk muscle area associated with a reduction in locomotor activity in zebrafish larvae. Coinjection of wild-type human SERCA2a mRNA, but not variant SERCA2a mRNA, resulted in complete rescue of the phenotype.
This study reveals a novel association between a heterozygous ATP2A2 variant and autosomal dominant recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence that the variant alters SERCA2 function causing abnormal intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal muscle, resulting in rhabdomyolysis. The work not only increases understanding of autosomal dominant rhabdomyolysis but also provides a diagnostic conclusion for three generations of affected individuals across the three families.
Nanostructure and local dynamics of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium alkylsulfonates
Authors: Endo Takatsugu , Sumida Hiroki , Nakamura Takumi , Sugihara Hiroaki , Kimura Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
X-ray scattering and 13C spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) measurements were performed for three ionic liquids (ILs): 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium ethanesulfonate ([C8mim][C2SO3]), 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazolium pentanesulfonate ([C5mim][C5SO3]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octanesulfonate ([C2mim][C8SO3]). Although these imidazolium sulfonates have the same total carbon number in the alkyl chains, their nanoscale structure and picosecond local dynamics differ significantly. The position of the X-ray scattering peak that corresponds to the heterogeneous structure (i.e., polar/non-polar phase separation at the nanoscale) of the ILs followed the trend: [C5mim][C5SO3] &gt; [C8mim][C2SO3] &gt; [C2mim][C8SO3]. Additionally, the peak width for [C2mim][C8SO3] is the narrowest. These results indicate that [C2mim][C8SO3] exhibits the most developed heterogeneous structure. Results from density functional theory calculations strongly suggest that the high hydrophobicity of the alkyl chain in the anion induces the well-developed heterogeneous structure. T1 measurements revealed that the anions exhibited faster local dynamics than the cations with the same alkyl chain length. The polar part of the anion (SO3−) rotates faster than that of the cation (imidazolium ring), likely due to the high rotational constants and sphere-like shape of SO3−. In contrast, the facile rotation of the non-polar (alkyl) part of the anion appears to stem from its highly hydrophobic environment.
Functional gradient of the fusiform gyrus and its underlying molecular basis
Authors: Chen Jingyao , Liu Siyu , Shen Yuhao , Cai Huanhuan , Zhao Wenming , Yu Yongqiang , Zhu Jiajia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Evidence has evinced the functional complexity, anatomical heterogeneity, connectivity diversity, and clinical relevance of the fusiform gyrus. We aimed to investigate the hierarchical organization of the fusiform gyrus and its underlying molecular basis. Resting-state functional MRI data of 793 healthy subjects were collected from a discovery dataset and two independent cross-scanner, cross-race validation datasets. Functional gradients of the fusiform gyrus were calculated based on the voxel-wise fusiform gyrus-to-cerebrum functional connectivity to reflect its functional organization. Transcription-neuroimaging spatial correlation analysis was performed to determine genes with expression levels tracking the fusiform gyrus functional gradient. The dominant functional gradient that explained the greatest connectivity variance showed an anterior–posterior axis across the fusiform gyrus. More important, there was a strong association between the fusiform gyrus–dominant gradient and gene expression profiles, with two gene sets contributing significantly to this association yet differing in their specific expression and functional annotation. In addition, the fusiform gyrus–dominant gradient was linked closely to intrinsic geometry, slightly to cortical morphology, and gradually to behavioral domains from high-level cognitive processes to low-level sensory functions. Our findings add to the extant knowledge regarding the topographic organization of the fusiform gyrus by informing a novel conceptualization of how functional heterogeneity and multiplicity co-occur within the fusiform gyrus.
Complete Radiation-free, Transthoracic Echocardiography-guided, Leadless Pacemaker Implantation: A case-report
Authors: Hua Wei , Huang Hao , Chen Xuhua , Pan Xiangbin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We described a patient opted for Micra™ leadless pacemaker implantation, which was successfully guided by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) without use of fluoroscopy during the whole procedure. Chest X-ray on the second day confirmed an appropriate fixation, and the device parameters remained stable in 3-month follow-up.
Intracardiac Flow Dynamics in Mitral Regurgitation: State of the Art
Authors: Serio Lorenzo , Beccari Riccardo , Nistri Stefano , Cecchetto Antonella , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Mele Donato 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Intracardiac flow dynamics is a complex phenomenon interrelated with cardiac mechanics. Today, it can be evaluated non-invasively using various imaging modalities, including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. This review explores the effects of mitral regurgitation on blood flow dynamics inside the left ventricular and atrial cavities and emphasizes the disruption of normal flow dynamics caused by mitral regurgitation, leading to turbulent flow and increased energy dissipation. It further examines the consequences of mitral valve repair and replacement, noting that, while repair generally improves intracardiac flow dynamics compared to replacement, residual flow disturbances may persist. Finally, the implications of abnormal intracardiac vorticity on left ventricular wall stress, myocardial remodeling, and thromboembolic risk are discussed.
Mind the gap: the interplay between genes and neighbourhood context on educational achievement
Authors: Silva Laura , Tropf Felix C , Wolfram Tobias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article expands on previous research on gene-environment (GxE) effects on socio-economic status, by stepping beyond the family dimension and exploring how the neighbourhood context interacts with education linked genes in influencing educational achievement. While some evidence suggests that genetic links to education are more fully expressed in high socio-economic status families, other findings indicate that individuals with lower genetic predisposition for education benefit more from high socio-economic contexts. We argue that the neighbourhood environment may also play a role on the relationship between genes and education-related outcomes. We find evidence that living in socioeconomically advantaged neighbourhoods contributes to closing the gap between individuals characterized by high and low genetic predispositions towards educational achievement, with this effect primarily driven by influences on academic motivation, rather than cognitive skills. These findings emphasize that environmental contexts can shape the unfolding of genetic endowment and point to an important role of the neighbourhood in compensating for pre-existing disadvantage, thus contributing to improve chances of upward social mobility and to limit the reproduction of social inequalities in education over time.
Translation of genomics into routine cardiological practice: insights from a European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table
Authors: Dimmeler Stefanie , Ferri Leticia , Nioi Paul , O’Donnell Christopher J , Damy Thibaud , Gómez-Outes Antonio , Giacca Mauro , Guo Weinong , Kavousi Maryam , Kupatt Christian , Landmesser Ulf , Schunkert Heribert , Zouridakis Emmanouil , Elliott Perry M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death globally and there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to treatment. One emerging avenue is genetic therapies, which hold particular promise for diseases with a monogenic basis. Gene silencing techniques using antisense oligonucleotides or ribonucleic acid interference strategies are currently at the forefront of genetic therapies in CVD, with several ribonucleic acid-targeted therapies already approved for the treatment of conditions such as familial hypercholesterolaemia and transthyretin amyloidosis. For diseases caused by loss-of-function genetic variants, there is growing interest in gene therapy, applying either gene replacement strategies using adeno-associated virus vectors or gene editing strategies using tools such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein-9 system. Preclinical studies have highlighted the potential of this technology in CVD and promising data are beginning to emerge from early-phase clinical trials. During a European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table workshop, the challenges of translating these novel therapeutic strategies to the routine cardiology clinic were discussed. Several key priorities were identified, including the need for disease-specific preclinical models, precision diagnostics, adequately powered clinical trials with meaningful endpoints, and enhanced education of healthcare professionals and patients. The Cardiovascular Round Table also considered the role of polygenic risk scores in risk stratification and how these can potentially be implemented in clinical practice.
The era of interventional imaging has arrived: what role for computed tomography and magnetic resonance?
Authors: Mushtaq Saima , Fazzari Fabio , Mancini Maria Elisabetta , Pontone Gianluca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is the first-line investigation test to ‘rule out’ significant coronary artery disease in low-risk patients. By performing blood flow simulations using computational fluid dynamics, it is possible to derive fractional flow reserve (FFR) from CCTA (FFRCT) images. Coronary computed tomography angiography and FFRCT are now utilized in higher-risk patients to choose the revascularization mode. Furthermore, new applications of CCTA and FFRCT include a planning tool for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which allows the cardiologist to assess lesion-specific ischaemia, plan stent locations and sizes, and use virtual remodelling of the lumen (virtual stenting) to assess the functional impact of PCI. Moreover, CCTA can assist in planning surgical and percutaneous revascularization by determining the disease complexity, vessel size, lesion length, and tissue composition of the atherosclerotic plaque, as well as the best fluoroscopic viewing angle; it may also help in selecting adjunctive percutaneous devices (e.g. rotational atherectomy) and in determining the best landing zone for stents or bypass grafts. Coronary computed tomography angiography has become also the gold standard for pre-procedural annular assessment, device sizing, risk determination of annular injury, coronary occlusion or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, calcification visualization and quantification of the target structure, and prediction of a co-planar fluoroscopic angulation for transcatheter interventions in patients with structural heart disease. Coronary computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance could be used also in electrophysiology procedures of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias ablation (imaging during clinical evaluation and pre-procedural evaluation and intra-procedural live integration). The era of interventional imaging has arrived, and it is based on the cooperation of different figures with specific competences (cardio-imagers, electrophysiologists, cardiac surgeons, and invasive cardiologists)
Remote monitoring and heart failure
Authors: Pierucci Nicola , Laviola Domenico , Mariani Marco Valerio , Nardini Alessio , Adamo Francesco , Mahfouz Karim , Colaiaco Carlo , Ammirati Fabrizio , Santini Luca , Lavalle Carlo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, remote monitoring (RM) and telemedicine have emerged as a promising strategy to improve the management of patients with HF, reducing hospitalizations and enhancing the quality of life. Through the integration of technologies such as implantable sensors, home monitoring devices, and mobile applications, it is possible to detect clinical changes early, enabling timely interventions. This article provides an overview of available technologies for RM in HF, analyses the clinical benefits observed in various studies, and addresses the remaining challenges, such as the need for standardization, long-term sustainability, and widespread adoption. Remote monitoring offers significant potential to improve clinical outcomes but requires further research and development to optimize its use in clinical practice.