bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entanglement generation in a quantum network at distance-independent rate
Authors: Patil Ashlesha , Pant Mihir , Englund Dirk , Towsley Don , Guha Saikat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe develop a protocol for entanglement generation in the quantum internet that allows a repeater node to use n-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) projective measurements that can fuse n successfully entangled links, i.e., two-qubit entangled Bell pairs shared across n network edges, incident at that node. Implementing n-fusion, for n ≥ 3, is in principle not much harder than 2-fusions (Bell-basis measurements) in solid-state qubit memories. If we allow even 3-fusions at the nodes, we find—by developing a connection to a modified version of the site-bond percolation problem—that despite lossy (hence probabilistic) link-level entanglement generation, and probabilistic success of the fusion measurements at nodes, one can generate entanglement between end parties Alice and Bob at a rate that stays constant as the distance between them increases. We prove that this powerful network property is not possible to attain with any quantum networking protocol built with Bell measurements and multiplexing alone. We also design a two-party quantum key distribution protocol that converts the entangled states shared between two nodes into a shared secret, at a key generation rate that is independent of the distance between the two parties.
Reversal of the T cell immune system reveals the molecular basis for T cell lineage fate determination in the thymus
Authors: Shinzawa Miho , Moseman E. Ashley , Gossa Selamawit , Mano Yasuko , Bhattacharya Abhisek , Guinter Terry , Alag Amala , Chen Xiongfong , Cam Maggie , McGavern Dorian B. , Erman Batu , Singer Alfred 
Published: May 2022

AbstractT cell specificity and function are linked during development, as MHC-II-specific TCR signals generate CD4 helper T cells and MHC-I-specific TCR signals generate CD8 cytotoxic T cells, but the basis remains uncertain. We now report that switching coreceptor proteins encoded byCd4andCd8gene loci functionally reverses the T cell immune system, generating CD4 cytotoxic and CD8 helper T cells. Such functional reversal reveals that coreceptor proteins promote the helper-lineage fate when encoded byCd4, but promote the cytotoxic-lineage fate when encoded inCd8—regardless of the coreceptor proteins each locus encodes. Thus, T cell lineage fate is determined bycis-regulatory elements in coreceptor gene loci and is not determined by the coreceptor proteins they encode, invalidating coreceptor signal strength as the basis of lineage fate determination. Moreover, we consider that evolution selected the particular coreceptor proteins thatCd4andCd8gene loci encode to avoid generating functionally reversed T cells because they fail to promote protective immunity against environmental pathogens.
Split BiRNN for real-time activity recognition using radar and deep learning
Authors: Werthen-Brabants Lorin , Bhavanasi Geethika , Couckuyt Ivo , Dhaene Tom , Deschrijver Dirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRadar systems can be used to perform human activity recognition in a privacy preserving manner. This can be achieved by using Deep Neural Networks, which are able to effectively process the complex radar data. Often these networks are large and do not scale well when processing a large amount of radar streams at once, for example when monitoring multiple rooms in a hospital. This work presents a framework that splits the processing of data in two parts. First, a forward Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) calculation is performed on an on-premise device (usually close to the radar sensor) which already gives a prediction of what activity is performed, and can be used for time-sensitive use-cases. Next, a part of the calculation and the prediction is sent to a more capable off-premise machine (most likely in the cloud or a data center) where a backward RNN calculation is performed that improves the previous prediction sent by the on-premise device. This enables fast notifications to staff if troublesome activities occur (such as falling) by the on-premise device, while the off-premise device captures activities missed or misclassified by the on-premise device.
The accuracy of geostatistics for regional geomagnetic modeling in an archipelago setting
Authors: Syirojudin Muhamad , Haryono Eko , Ahadi Suaidi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndonesia as an archipelago country relies on a limited number and clustered distributed repeat station networks. This paper explores the use of geostatistical modeling to overcome this data limitation. The model data set consisted of repeat station data from 1985 to 2015 epoch. The geostatistical methods utilized included ordinary kriging (OK), collocated cokriging (CC), and kriging with external drift (KED). The model generated using these geostatistical methods was then compared to spherical cap harmonic analyses (SCHA) and polynomial models. The geostatistical model was shown to perform better, with greater accuracy in declination, inclination, and total intensity, as indicated by the root mean square error (RMSE). We have demonstrated that the geostatistical method is a promising approach in the modeling of regional geomagnetic field, especially in areas with limited and clustered distributed data.
Apigeninidin-rich Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) extracts suppress A549 cells proliferation and ameliorate toxicity of aflatoxin B1-mediated liver and kidney derangement in rats
Authors: Owumi Solomon E. , Kazeem Abisola I. , Wu Bocheng , Ishokare Lucia O. , Arunsi Uche O. , Oyelere Adegboyega K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSorghum bicolor plant has a high abundance of 3-deoxyanthocyanins, flavonoids and other polyphenol compounds that have been shown to offer numerous health benefits. Epidemiological studies have linked increased intake of S. bicolor to reduced risk of certain cancer types, including lung adenocarcinoma. S. bicolor extracts have shown beneficial effects in managing hepatorenal injuries. This study investigated the cytotoxic potential of three apigeninidin-rich extracts of S. bicolor (SBE-05, SBE-06 and SBE-07) against selected cancer cell lines and their ameliorative effect on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-mediated hepatorenal derangements in rats. We observed that, among the three potent extracts, SBE-06 more potently and selectively suppressed the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) (IC50 = 6.5 μg/mL). SBE-06 suppressed the expression of STAT3 but increased the expression of caspase 3. In addition, SBE-05, SBE-06 and SBE-07 inhibited oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and preserved the histoarchitectural networks of the liver and kidney of rats treated with AFB1. These in vitro and in vivo studies indicate the potential of these cheap and readily accessible extracts for cancer therapy and as chemo-preventive agents in preventing aflatoxin-related health issues.
The balancing role of distribution speed against varying efficacy levels of COVID-19 vaccines under variants
Authors: Kim Daniel , Keskinocak Pınar , Pekgün Pelin , Yildirim İnci 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring a pandemic, vaccination plays an important role in reducing the infection spread or adverse outcomes such as hospitalizations and deaths. However, a vaccine’s overall public health impact depends not only on its initial efficacy, but also its efficacy against emerging variants and ease and speed of distribution. For example, mutations in SARS-CoV-2 raised concerns about diminishing vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 caused by particular variants. Furthermore, due to supply-chain challenges, the accessibility and distribution of the vaccines have been hindered in many regions, especially in low-income countries, while the second or third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred due to the variants. Hence, we evaluated the interactions between the speed of distribution and efficacy against infection of multiple vaccines when variants emerge by utilizing a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Deceased model and assessing the level of infection attack rate. Our results show that speed is a key factor to a successful immunization strategy to control the pandemic even when the emerging variants may reduce the efficacy of a vaccine. Understanding the interactions between speed and efficacy and distributing vaccines that are available as quickly as possible are crucial to eradicate the pandemic before new variants spread.
Butyrate administration is not sufficient to improve immune reconstitution in antiretroviral-treated SIV-infected macaques
Authors: Ortiz Alexandra M. , Simpson Jennifer , Langner Charlotte A. , Baker Phillip J. , Aguilar Cynthia , Brooks Kelsie , Flynn Jacob K. , Vinton Carol L. , Rahmberg Andrew R. , Hickman Heather D. , Brenchley Jason M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDefective gastrointestinal barrier function and, in turn, microbial translocation have been identified as significant contributors to persistent inflammation in antiretroviral (ARV)-treated people living with HIV. Metabolic supplementation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), generally produced by the commensal microbiome, may improve these outcomes. Butyrate is a SCFA that is essential for the development and maintenance of intestinal immunity and has a known role in supporting epithelial integrity. Herein we assessed whether supplementation with the dietary supplement sodium butyrate would improve immune reconstitution and reduce inflammation in ARV-treated, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques. We demonstrate that butyrate supplementation does not significantly improve immune reconstitution, with no differences observed in systemic CD4+ T-cell frequencies, T-cell functionality or immune activation, microbial translocation, or transcriptional regulation. Our findings demonstrate that oral administration of sodium butyrate is insufficient to reduce persistent inflammation and microbial translocation in ARV-treated, SIV-infected macaques, suggesting that this therapeutic may not reduce co-morbidities and co-mortalities in treated people living with HIV.
Impact of experimental colitis on mitochondrial bioenergetics in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Goudie Luke , Mancini Nicole L. , Shutt Timothy E. , Holloway Graham P. , Mu Chunlong , Wang Arthur , McKay Derek M. , Shearer Jane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntestinal homeostasis is highly dependent on optimal epithelial barrier function and permeability. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) regulate these properties acting as cellular gatekeepers by selectively absorbing nutrients and controlling the passage of luminal bacteria. These functions are energy demanding processes that are presumably met through mitochondrial-based processes. Routine methods for examining IEC mitochondrial function remain sparse, hence, our objective is to present standardized methods for quantifying mitochondrial energetics in an immortalized IEC line. Employing the murine IEC4.1 cell line, we present adapted methods and protocols to examine mitochondrial function using two well-known platforms: the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer and Oxygraph-2 k. To demonstrate the applicability of these protocols and instruments, IEC were treated with and without the murine colitogenic agent, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 2% w/v). Profound impairments with DSS treatment were found with both platforms, however, the Oxygraph-2 k allowed greater resolution of affected pathways including short-chain fatty acid metabolism. Mitochondrial functional analysis is a novel tool to explore the relationship between IEC energetics and functional consequences within the contexts of health and disease. The outlined methods offer an introductory starting point for such assessment and provide the investigator with insights into platform-specific capabilities.
Intrusive growth of initials does not affect cambial circumference in Robinia pseudoacacia
Authors: Miodek Adam , Gizińska Aldona , Włoch Wiesław , Kojs Paweł 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to test the hypothesis whether intrusive growth of initial cells is related to the increase in circumference of Robinia pseudoacacia vascular cambium—both qualitatively and quantitatively. The mode of intrusive growth of cambial initial cells was also studied. Samples collected from tree trunks were examined using series of semi-thin transverse sections. Anatomical reconstructions of radial and tangential planes of analysed fragments of cambial tissue were made. Observations and measurements have shown that the intrusive growth of R. pseudoacacia initial cells does not contribute to an increase in tangential dimension of observed tissue fragments where cell rearrangement occurs. Moreover, initially separated tangential walls of cells (between which cambial initial cell elongates intrusively) are transformed into obliquely oriented walls. These results stand in accordance with a statement that only symplastic growth of initials, not intrusive growth, is responsible for the increase in circumference in all woody plants with the continuous cambial cylinder. Moreover, we managed to capture the moment of transition of initial status from one cell to another for the first time. This phenomenon may be explained on the basis of the system of mechanical stresses operating not only in the secondary meristematic tissue but also in a whole plant organism.
Achievement of complete in vitro spermatogenesis in testicular tissues from prepubertal mice exposed to mono- or polychemotherapy
Authors: Delessard Marion , Stalin Laura , Rives-Feraille Aurélie , Moutard Laura , Saulnier Justine , Dumont Ludovic , Rives Nathalie , Rondanino Christine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe assessment of the impact of chemotherapies on in vitro spermatogenesis in experimental models is required before considering the application of this fertility restoration strategy to prepubertal boys who received these treatments before testicular tissue cryopreservation. The present work investigated the effects of exposure of prepubertal mice to mono- (vincristine or cyclophosphamide) and polychemotherapy (a combination of vincristine and cyclophosphamide) on the first wave of in vitro spermatogenesis. When testicular tissue exposed to monochemotherapy was preserved, polychemotherapy led to severe alterations of the seminiferous epithelium and increased apoptosis in prepubertal testes prior in vitro maturation, suggesting a potential additive gonadotoxic effect. These alterations were also found in the testicular tissues of polychemotherapy-treated mice after 30 days of organotypic culture and were associated with a reduction in the germ cell/Sertoli cell ratio. The different treatments neither altered the ability of spermatogonia to differentiate in vitro into spermatozoa nor the yield of in vitro spermatogenesis. However, more spermatozoa with morphological abnormalities and fragmented DNA were produced after administration of polychemotherapy. This work therefore shows for the first time the possibility to achieve a complete in vitro spermatogenesis after an in vivo exposure of mice to a mono- or polychemotherapy before meiotic entry.
Phase stability and dense polymorph of the BaCa(CO3)2 barytocalcite carbonate
Authors: Chuliá-Jordán R. , Santamaría-Pérez D. , González-Platas J. , Otero-de-la-Roza A. , Ruiz-Fuertes J. , Popescu C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe double carbonate BaCa(CO3)2 holds potential as host compound for carbon in the Earth’s crust and mantle. Here, we report the crystal structure determination of a high-pressure BaCa(CO3)2 phase characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This phase, named post-barytocalcite, was obtained at 5.7 GPa and can be described by a monoclinic Pm space group. The barytocalcite to post-baritocalcite phase transition involves a significant discontinuous 1.4% decrease of the unit-cell volume, and the increase of the coordination number of 1/4 and 1/2 of the Ba and Ca atoms, respectively. High-pressure powder X-ray diffraction measurements at room- and high-temperatures using synchrotron radiation and DFT calculations yield the thermal expansion of barytocalcite and, together with single-crystal data, the compressibility and anisotropy of both the low- and high-pressure phases. The calculated enthalpy differences between different BaCa(CO3)2 polymorphs confirm that barytocalcite is the thermodynamically stable phase at ambient conditions and that it undergoes the phase transition to the experimentally observed post-barytocalcite phase. The double carbonate is significantly less stable than a mixture of the CaCO3 and BaCO3 end-members above 10 GPa. The experimental observation of the high-pressure phase up to 15 GPa and 300 ºC suggests that the decomposition into its single carbonate components is kinetically hindered.
Phylogenies from unaligned proteomes using sequence environments of amino acid residues
Authors: Aledo Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlignment-free methods for sequence comparison and phylogeny inference have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Several algorithms have been implemented in diverse software packages. Despite the great number of existing methods, most of them are based on word statistics. Although they propose different filtering and weighting strategies and explore different metrics, their performance may be limited by the phylogenetic signal preserved in these words. Herein, we present a different approach based on the species-specific amino acid neighborhood preferences. These differential preferences can be assessed in the context of vector spaces. In this way, a distance-based method to build phylogenies has been developed and implemented into an easy-to-use R package. Tests run on real-world datasets show that this method can reconstruct phylogenetic relationships with high accuracy, and often outperforms other alignment-free approaches. Furthermore, we present evidence that the new method can perform reliably on datasets formed by non-orthologous protein sequences, that is, the method not only does not require the identification of orthologous proteins, but also does not require their presence in the analyzed dataset. These results suggest that the neighborhood preference of amino acids conveys a phylogenetic signal that may be of great utility in phylogenomics.
Risk-benefit analysis of emergency vaccine use
Authors: Lewis Gregory , Bonsall Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmergency vaccine use requires weighing a large number of uncertain risks and possible benefits. In the COVID-19 pandemic, decisions about what evidence is necessary to authorize emergency use have proven controversial, and vary between countries. We construct a simple mathematical model of the risks and benefits of emergency vaccination to an individual, and apply this to the hypothetical scenario of individual decision-making between emergency use of a COVID-19 vaccine without safety and efficacy data, versus waiting for efficacy and safety to be established. Even with conservative modelling assumptions and uncertainty distributions for vaccine efficacy (mean expectation = 17%) and serious adverse event risk (mean expectation = 0.3%), high risk individuals (e.g. those who are elderly and have a household contact with COVID-19) are better off using the ’emergency vaccine’ rather than waiting for more information (absolute risk reduction for mortality up to 2%). Very early emergency authorization of vaccines despite very limited data may be the better public health strategy when confronted with a dangerous emerging infectious disease.
Older adults have difficulty decoding emotions from the eyes, whereas easterners have difficulty decoding emotion from the mouth
Authors: Low Anna C. Y. , Oh Vincent Y. S. , Tong Eddie M. W. , Scarf Damian , Ruffman Ted 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOlder adults and Easterners have worse emotion recognition (than young adults and Westerners, respectively), but the question of why remains unanswered. Older adults look less at eyes, whereas Easterners look less at mouths, raising the possibility that compelling older adults to look at eyes, and Easterners to look at mouths, might improve recognition. We did this by comparing emotion recognition in 108 young adults and 109 older adults from New Zealand and Singapore in the (a) eyes on their own (b) mouth on its own or (c) full face. Older adults were worse than young adults on 4/6 emotions with the Eyes Only stimuli, but only 1/6 emotions with the Mouth Only stimuli. In contrast, Easterners were worse than Westerners on 6/6 emotions for Mouth Only and Full Face stimuli, but were equal on all six emotions for Eyes Only stimuli. These results provide a substantial leap forward because they point to the precise difficulty for older adults and Easterners. Older adults have more consistent difficulty identifying individual emotions in the eyes compared to the mouth, likely due to declining brain functioning, whereas Easterners have more consistent difficulty identifying emotions from the mouth than the eyes, likely due to inexperience inferring mouth information.
Associations of intracranial artery length and branch number on non-contrast enhanced MRA with cognitive impairment in individuals with carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Zhensen , Gould Anders , Geleri Duygu Baylam , Balu Niranjan , Chen Li , Chu Baocheng , Pimentel Kristi , Canton Gador , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Yuan Chun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping novel risk markers for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia is important. This study aimed to extract total length, branch number and average tortuosity of intracranial distal arteries (A2, M2, P2 and more distal) from non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (NCE-MRA) images, and explore their associations with global cognition. In 29 subjects (aged 40–90 years) with carotid atherosclerotic disease, the 3 intracranial vascular features on two NCE-MRA techniques (i.e. time of flight, TOF and simultaneous non-contrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage, SNAP) were extracted using a custom-developed software named iCafe. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) and phase contrast (PC) cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured as references. Linear regression was performed to study their associations with global cognition, measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Intracranial artery length and number of branches on NCE-MRA, ASL CBF and PC CBF were found to be positively associated with MoCA scores (P < 0.01). The associations remained significant for artery length and number of branches on NCE-MRA after adjusting for clinical covariates and white matter hyperintensity volume. Further adjustment of confounding factors of ASL CBF or PC CBF did not abolish the significant association for artery length and number of branches on TOF. Our findings suggest that intracranial vascular features, including artery length and number of branches, on NCE-MRA may be useful markers of cerebrovascular health and provide added information over conventional brain blood flow measurements in individuals with cognitive impairment.