bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probability and Plausibility
Authors: Bird Alexander 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Often in science evidence falls short of what is required in order to accept a hypothesis outright. Instead one accords it some degree of probability. This chapter describes a theory of what such probabilities are. Standard, personalist Bayesianism is the best-known theory of probabilistic reasoning in science. Some Bayesians reject explanationism, defended in the preceding cic for determining elements in Bayes’s theorem. The chapter outlines three challenges for compatibilism. Answering these challenges motivates rejecting the personalism of standard Bayesianism. Instead the chapter develops a ‘super-objective’ Bayesianism that takes probability evaluations in science to be assessments of plausibility in the light of the evidence. Superobjectivism allows explanationist considerations to inform evaluations of the prior P(e) and the ratio P(e|h)/P(e), while also supporting the claim that explanation chapter, on the ground that it inconsistent with Bayesianism. The chapter starts by developing a version of heuristic compatibilism. This line of defence maintains that explanationism is compatible with Bayesianism since it provides a heuristism needs Inference to the Only Explanation if it is to account for knowledge.
Metascientific Knowledge?
Authors: Bird Alexander 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Does science give knowledge of the world? To claim to know an answer to this question, whether positive or negative, is to claim metascientific knowledge. The two most famous metascientific arguments are the No Miracles Argument and the Pessimistic Meta-Induction. The chapter argues that neither argument can give metascientific knowledge of the global sort, concerning all of science, that each aims to achieve. One line of argument points out that science is too heterogeneous to permit a successful global metascientific argument. So, normally, one cannot use a metascientific argument to bypass engagement with or to gainsay the conclusions of the first-order scientific arguments. At most, local metascientific arguments might adjust the confidence one has in the methods—and so results—of some particular field.
Comparing the Energy-Stretch Properties of Two Compression Bandage Systems in a Laboratory-Based Test under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Arias-Guzman Sandra , Oberg Craig , Jones Randy , Call Evan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To compare the characteristics of two commercially available compression systems, a dual-compression bandage system (DCS) and a traditional two-layer bandage (TLB), using a laboratory bench test.

METHODS
The compression systems were evaluated in a computer-controlled tensile test to generate force-deflection curves for each sample. The compressive work and the theoretical pressure applied to the limb by the respective compression bandages were calculated at the maximum stretch and a stretch instructed by the manufacturers. The manufacturer of the DCS provides reference points on how much the bandage should be stretched to provide the desired pressure, and the TLB stretch was calculated from the product’s datasheet.

RESULTS
The combined results of layers 1 and 2 for the DCS showed greater load and work than the TLB at both the maximum and recommended stretch. The recommended stretch for DCS and TLB was less than 50% of the deflection up to the breaking point.

CONCLUSIONS
The high work provided by the two layers of the DCS suggests a wider range of performance than the TLB when applied to the lower limb, especially after the limb volume is initially reduced by compression. Moreover, using the tensile test and the guide of the reference points on layers 1 and 2 from DCS, the calculated pressure achieved the expected values stated by the manufacturer. Human studies should be conducted to determine whether the reference points provided by DCS are beneficial for obtaining repeatable values.
INCIDENCE OF NEW DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA IN FELLOW EYES OF PATIENTS IN THE VISTA AND VIVID STUDIES
Authors: Dhoot Dilsher S. , Moini Hadi , Reed Kimberly , Silva Fabiana Q. , Berliner Alyson , Du Weiming , Sharma Sumit 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To characterize diabetic macular edema (DME) incidence in fellow eyes of patients treated for DME in the study eye.

Methods:
This post hoc analysis of VISTA/VIVID data evaluated fellow eyes without DME at baseline through Week 100. Diabetic macular edema presence in the fellow eye was inferred by investigator-reported DME adverse events and use of DME treatments.

Results:
Over 100 weeks, 44.9%, 44.2%, and 42.9% of fellow eyes developed DME in the intravitreal aflibercept injection 2 mg every 4 weeks (n = 245), intravitreal aflibercept injection 2 mg every 8 weeks (n = 258), and laser control (n = 252) groups, respectively. Mean time to DME development in combined treatment groups was ∼6 months. Multivariable regression analysis confirmed patients with shorter diabetes duration (hazard ratio per 10-year decrease, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.30; P = 0.0160) and thicker baseline study eye central subfield thickness (hazard ratio per 10-µm increase, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.02; P = 0.0002) were at higher risk of developing DME in the fellow eye.

Conclusion:
Among patients with DME in one eye at baseline, almost half developed DME in the fellow eye over 2 years. Shorter duration of diabetes and thicker study eye central subfield thickness were predictors of DME development in the fellow eye.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the case of Little Birds Kindergarten in Qatar: strategic challenges and the role of leadership
Authors: Issa Mauji Nasrina , Elbanna Said , Al Shamari Jawaher 
Published: October 2022

Learning outcomes
The aim of this study is to make students understand the significance of strategy formulation and the impact of internal and external factors on the strategy adopted by the firm. Upon the completion of this case study, the students will be able to achieve the following: • map out relevant macro-environment strategical factors of an organization; • assessing organizations industry and competitive environment; • outline strategic group maps to assess positions of key competitors; • develop issues priority matrices; • testing competitive power of resources; and • identifying an organizations internal strengths and external threats.

Case overview/synopsis
Across the globe, the COVID-19 pandemic left few organizations untouched and many entrepreneurs fighting to stay afloat. Here we look at the survival dilemma faced by the founder of Little Birds Kindergarten, in Doha, Qatar. Founded by a local Qatari businesswoman, the kindergarten offered a British-style curriculum and an Early Years Foundation Stage structure; with her profound passion for technology, the founder (here called Fatma) has always believed that integrating technology into a child’s early learning opens the door to limitless opportunities and potential. Therefore, she ensured that the kindergarten consistently invested in advanced educational technology and the accompanying software. Yet, while the reputation of Little Birds Kindergarten stayed high, the COVID-19 pandemic stunted the growth in enrolments. Fatma stopped paying herself a salary and even drew on her own savings to keep the kindergarten going but it still did not earn enough to compensate for her initial investment. So, despite her passionate concern for the kindergarten, she worried about being unable to keep it afloat for much longer. The purpose of this case study is to shed light on the strategic posture, performance and market position of one kindergarten. From there, it surveys the opportunities in the education industry that are unique to student enrolment and highlights what a kindergarten can do to develop a survival strategy.

Complexity academic level
The case is suitable for teaching basic and advanced courses at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Doctoral research in education: a comparative study on Indian and international trends
Authors: Kundu Arnab , Kaibarta Mrityunjoy , Mukherjee Subhadip 
Published: October 2022

PurposeIt is unfortunate yet true that in India, research starts and ends with a Ph.D. The steady decline in the quality of doctoral research has been an articulated concern among Indian academics at a time when research and innovation should be a priority. One of the feasible ways of resurrecting or reconstructing Indian research is to open up to examine contemporary international trends. Against this backdrop, the study aimed to make a comparative analysis of doctoral research in education in top-ranking international and top-ranking Indian universities.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a comparative education methodology, this paper examines 100 doctoral dissertations from the top 10 international universities as per Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) ranking and 100 doctoral theses from the top 10 Indian universities following National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) submitted in the past decade. Four significant issues were investigated during the comparison – topic, procedure, presentation, and dissemination – based on the premeditated Research Quality Relevance Metrics (RQRM) designed by the authors for quality improvement of research.FindingsFindings revealed stark differences between two trends in all four domains. The top international universities focus on the contemporariness scattered across diverse issues while Indian studies continue to engage on a few archetypal conventional issues with dreary reiterations. The newness of thought is rare in Indian research, while the interdisciplinary mixing of methods and practices had been the hallmark of its international comportment. Practice orientation has been a unique research attribute found in the top 10 international universities. The methods applied have attempted to reduce the age-old gap between educational research and practice. Methodological innovativeness, structural orientation, readability, and dissemination of research were also exemplary in those international theses, whereas Indian theses are still reeling under orthodox surveys with hesitant reporting.Research limitations/implicationsThis study put an exclusive mirror in front of Indian doctoral research on its current state in respect of international standards. At the same time, it upholds a framework to promote research quality and impact. Dimensions of research quality relevance matrices and recommendations for effective doctoral research are two vibrant contributions to the intelligentsia in general for bringing Indian research out of its cocoon to make it internationally comparable.Originality/valueIt reports a study conducted by the researchers and the write-up is based on the empirical findings only.
Do cultural controls, eco-learning and environmental strategy lead to high environmental innovation?
Authors: Rosa Fabricia , Lunkes Rogério J. , Bortoluzzi Daiane Antonini , Monteiro Januário José 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the effect of cultural controls and environmental strategy (ES) on environmental innovation (EI). Second, this study examines the role of eco-learning (ECOL) in ES.

Design/methodology/approach
This research sample was composed of 150 publicly traded Brazilian companies that participated in a survey. The hypotheses were analyzed through structural equation modeling and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.

Findings
The results showed that cultural controls have a negative effect on ES and a positive effect on EI. This study highlights the importance of ES and ECOL in mitigating the negative impact of cultural controls. The results suggest that organizations adopt a high degree of ECOL and ES to achieve high EI.

Originality/value
This study expands the understanding of the ambivalence of cultural controls and contributes to the literature by suggesting combining them with ES and ECOL to generate environmental benefits.
Financial accounting information presented with infographics: does it improve financial reporting understandability?
Authors: Cohen Sandra , Manes Rossi Francesca , Mamakou Xenia , Brusca Isabel 
Published: October 2022

PurposeGovernmental financial reporting is prepared for accountability and decision-making purposes and is directed to a wide range of users, including citizens. However, this may sound easier than it actually is as citizens without specific accounting knowledge may find it difficult to understand the financial information prepared by governments. The study analyzes citizens' perceptions toward infographics as well as their ability to improve accounting understandability by nonaccounting experts compared to the traditional financial statements.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the results of an exploratory analysis conducted with the participation of a group of citizens in three European countries through a questionnaire.FindingsThe results show that infographics improve accounting understandability by nonaccounting experts compared to the traditional financial statements. However, infographics alone are not enough to succeed in making nonaccounting literate citizens experts in fully understanding accounting information.Originality/valueThe novelty of the research consists in its ability to give voice to citizens' preferences regarding the way the financial information is presented, which has been largely neglected by previous studies. In parallel, it analyzes the effect of accounting knowledge on accounting understandability. Moreover, it is the first study that analyzes the use of infographics in public sector financial reporting.
Toward a model for assessing smart hospital readiness within the Industry 4.0 paradigm
Authors: Ronaghi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The fourth industrial revolution and digital transformation have caused paradigm changes in the procedures of goods production and services through disruptive technologies, and they have formed new methods for business models. Health and medicine fields have been under the effect of these technology advancements. The concept of smart hospital is formed according to these technological transformations. The aim of this research, other than explanation of smart hospital components, is to present a model for evaluating a hospital readiness for becoming a smart hospital.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is an applied one, and has been carried out in three phases and according to design science research. Based on the previous studies, in the first phase, the components and technologies effecting a smart hospital are recognized. In the second phase, the extracted components are prioritized using type-2 fuzzy analytic hierarchical process based on the opinion of experts; later, the readiness model is designed. In the third phase, the presented model would be tested in a hospital.

Findings
The research results showed that the technologies of internet of things, robotics, artificial intelligence, radio-frequency identification as well as augmented and virtual reality had the most prominence in a smart hospital.

Originality/value
The innovation and originality of the forthcoming research is to explain the concept of smart hospital, to rank its components and to provide a model for evaluating the readiness of smart hospital. Contribution of this research in terms of theory explains the concept of smart hospital and in terms of application presents a model for assessing the readiness of smart hospitals.
Change of productivity loss due to presenteeism among the ageing workforce: Role of work support, workplace discrimination, and the work‐nonwork interface
Authors: Yang Tianan , Liu Yexin , Chen Zhenjiao , Deng Jianwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPresenteeism behaviour (working while one is ill or experiencing cognitive or emotional difficulties) and the consequent productivity loss are attracting growing attention. Without proper support, employees who are under stress or ill are prone to presenteeism, which incurs invisible burdens on organizations. In this study, we focussed on productivity loss due to presenteeism (PRE) among the ageing workforce, because this group may be more vulnerable to productivity loss due to age‐related deteriorating cognitive functions and physical abilities. We established a longitudinal latent difference score model over a two‐wave period so we could examine whether and how the work–nonwork interface mediates the effects of work support and workplace discrimination (DIS) on PRE. The results showed that the work–nonwork interface fully mediated the positive influence of DIS on PRE as well as the negative influence of supervisor support.
Dermatological presentations to a regional Victorian hospital emergency department: A 1‐year audit
Authors: Ronaldson Claire , Zhou Kelly , Lam Michael , Ong Dillon , Morgan Sian , Sathe Aditya , Isaacs Anton N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological features of each presentation with a primary dermatological diagnosis to a regional emergency department (ED).Design1‐year retrospective audit.SettingRegional Victorian hospital emergency department.ParticipantsAny presentation to this regional emergency department with a dermatological condition from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020.Main Outcome MeasuresDermatology presentations to the ED in 2020 and the prevalence of the associated primary diagnosis.ResultsIn total, 4.7% (n = 1873) of ED presentations had a primary dermatological diagnosis. Of these, 1484 were ≥18 years of age and 389 were ≤17 years of age. Cellulitis (26.1%, n = 388) was the most common primary diagnosis among presentations ≥18 years. Non‐specific rash was the most common diagnosis (23.6%, n = 92) in presentations ≤17 years. Indigenous Australians ≥18 years were more likely to be in a younger age group (p < 0.01), and dermatitis/eczema presentations ≥18 years (n = 10) were the largest diagnostic group referred to a dermatologist. A total of 134 (7.1%) patients ≥18 years travelled more than 50 km to the ED. There were no dermatological emergencies identified.ConclusionsA high proportion of presentations to this regional ED with a dermatological diagnosis could be well managed by a dermatologist or general practitioner (GP) as an outpatient. The findings of this study inform the need for future rural public dermatology services. Options include teledermatology, or a public weekly or fortnightly rapid review dermatology clinic with a visiting dermatologist, in the absence of a dermatologist onsite.
Radio‐isotope occult lesion localization (ROLL) techniques to identify the clipped node for targeted axillary dissection (TAD) in breast cancer
Authors: Winder Alec A. , Spillane Andrew J. , Sood Samriti , McKessar Merran , Cohn Deborah , Snook Kylie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer patients having neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) who have a positive (clipped) lymph node (CN) at presentation must have that CN removed to assess pathologic response at later surgery. Multiple techniques for localizing the CN have been described. We describe a novel ROLL‐based approach.MethodsConsecutive patients between 2018 and 2021, having NAST with biopsy proven positive lymph node(s), had a clip placed into the most abnormal node(s). At later surgery sentinel node and occult lesion localization (SNOLL) was performed with peritumoral radio‐isotope (99mTc‐Nanoscan) injected under ultrasound guidance. Planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT–CT) images were used to identify sentinel nodes (SN) and the CN. If the CN was not a SN, then additional 99mTc‐Nanoscan was injected directly into the CN using ultrasound (ROLL). TAD was performed using a gamma probe and intra‐operative specimen radiographs to confirm excision of the CN.ResultsThirty‐eight patients underwent TAD. 20/38 CNs were SNs on SPECT‐CT. 17/38 CN were localized separately. 1/38 CN was not a SN and could not be identified on ultrasound. The remaining 37/38 (97.4%) of the CNs were removed intra‐operatively. Pathological complete response in the axilla was identified in 18/38 cases. The CN was the only positive node in 10/20 cases. In 18/20 cases the CN contained the largest tumour deposit.ConclusionCombining SNOLL and ROLL techniques to identify the SNs and, if separate, the CN for TAD is very reliable and logistically robust, especially for units already performing peritumoral lymphoscintigraphy.
Comparative analysis of the variability of the human leukocyte antigen peptide‐binding pockets in patients with acute leukaemia
Authors: Boukouaci Wahid , Rivera‐Franco Monica M. , Volt Fernanda , Wu Ching‐Lien , Rafii Hanadi , Cappelli Barbara , Scigliuolo Graziana Maria , Kenzey Chantal , Ruggeri Annalisa , Rocha Vanderson , Gluckman Eliane , Tamouza Ryad 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe association between acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) has rarely been studied in terms of diversity of peptide‐binding pockets. The objective of this study was to analyse whether motifs of HLA class I and class II peptide‐binding pockets and/or their amino acid positions were differentially associated with ALL and AML. We included 849 patients from the Eurocord/European Blood and Marrow Transplant registry. The HLA peptide‐binding pockets whose amino acid variability was analysed were B and F for HLA class I, P4, P6, and P9 for HLA‐DRB1, and P4 and P9 for HLA‐DQB1. The motif RFDRAY in P4 of HLA‐DRB1*16:01/02/03/05 alleles and the motif YYVSY in P9 of HLA‐DQB1*05:02/04/05 alleles, were statistically associated with ALL (corrected p value [pc] = 0.001 and pc = 0.035 respectively). The frequency of serine 57 in the P9 of HLA‐DQB1 was higher in ALL (odds ratio 2.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.27–3.44; pc = 0.037). Our analysis suggests that specific motifs in terms of HLA class II pockets and amino acids might be unique to ALL. The associations identified in this study encourage further investigation oF the role of HLA peptide‐binding pockets and their amino acids in immune processes underpinning acute leukaemia and ultimately in immunotherapy settings.
Mesentery AjFGF4–AjFGFR2–ERK pathway modulates intestinal regeneration via targeting cell cycle in echinoderms
Authors: Zeng Chuili , Guo Ming , Xiang Yangxi , Song Mingshan , Xiao Ke , Li Chenghua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of the study aims to understand the regeneration process and its cytology mechanism in economic echinoderms.Materials and MethodsThe intestine regeneration process of Apostichopus japonicus was investigated by immunohistochemistry and the cell proliferation was detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Fibroblast growth factor 4 of A. japonicus (AjFGF4) was screened by RNA‐seq analysis and validated to regulate cell proliferation by siAjFGF4 and recombinant‐AjFGF4 treatment. The binding and co‐localization of AjFGF4 and AjFGFR2 were verified by Co‐IP, GST‐pull down, and immunofluorescence. Then, the AjFGF4‐AjFGFR2‐ERK‐cell cycle axis was examined by western blot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry techniques.ResultsThe mesentery was served as the epicenter of intestinal regeneration via activating cell proliferation and other cellular events. Mechanically, AjFGF4‐mediated cell proliferation was dependent on the binding to its receptor AjFGFR2, and then triggered the conserved ERK–MAPK pathway but not JNK and p38 pathway. The activated ERK–MAPK subsequently mediated the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins of CDK2, Cyclin A, and Cyclin B to promote cell proliferation.ConclusionsWe provide the first functional evidence that AjFGF4‐AjFGFR2‐ERK‐cell cycle axis mediated cell proliferation was the engine for mesentery‐derived intestine regeneration in echinoderms.