bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUE OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES: DOMESTIC BREACHES
Authors:   Department of Gender and Women Studies,  Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad Pakistan, Ambreen Mamonah 
Published: November 2022

Present research article deals with the policy making gaps, implementation of such policies for the promotion of primary education. The policies were identified and re-interpreted towards the existing policy issues after document analysis and in-depth interviews from the government officials and teaching staff. Various policies were present but number of out of school children were increasing as per annum demographic growth. Objective of the study was to identify the issues, ground based realities which create hinder in the promotion of education at the primary level. Various issues were included but those were not the only concerns which lessened educational development. The present research article was explorative and applied in nature which identify various issues in policy implementation level and ground facilities which were supporting factors for the promotion of educational development at primary school level. In-depth interviews were conducted from government officials, departments concerned with policymaking and its implementation e.g., NHCD, BECS and NEF. Both interview and document analysis techniques were used and included for the study. After the analysis of available educational policies, governmental departments’ view point, and interventions for the promotion of education, it was found that the absence of the collaboration among various departments, lack of political will, poor communication among all the stakeholders, weak administration at national and provincial level, issues of governance were some of the major barriers. It was highlighted that lack of coordination among the government departments is the main reason of this less promotion.The study concluded that lack of documentation and identification of gaps were the major reasons of lesser enrollments in primary schools. Poor communication among various government departments, governance structure and the lack of political will discuss in detail with personal input of spokesperson which clearly states that financial gaps and irregularities were some of the major causes of educational policies’ failure in Pakistan. Key Words:	Educational Policy, Implementation gaps, political will, Corruption, Governance and poor coordination
Like a Bird on a Wire: Freedom to Be Free
Authors: Lysaker John 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Against a Kantian notion of freedom as autonomy, this article defends a conception of freedom that is relational, dependent, and experimental, and that operates without anything like a will. In the author’s view, freedom is a characteristic of a relation between a person and the world that allows for the predictable realization of specified ends, that is, a mode of power.
The Touch Taboo: Origins for the Prohibition of Touch in Psychiatry and a Rational Osteopathic Approach
Authors: Huzij Teodor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The prohibition of touch in psychiatry has multiple origins. The most prominent advocate for an interdiction on touch has been Sigmund Freud and the legacy of psychoanalysis. Scientism, dualism, and medicolegal concerns have also promoted a touch taboo in psychiatry. However, it is evident that non-sexual physical touch is vital for human health; studies of touch in children and adults have shown numerous health benefits physically and psychologically. A discussion of ethical principles in light of the use of touch in psychiatry is provided. Several theoretical paradigms do utilize touch in treating patients and are reviewed including the medical model, body-psychotherapies, and osteopathic medicine. The osteopathic philosophy provides a lens through which the osteopathic physician both assesses and provides rational treatment to the patient. In addition to this philosophy, osteopathic physicians are extensively trained in osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Osteopathic physicians have treated patients with psychiatric disorders with OMT and other treatments for nearly 150 years. The unique osteopathic model of care contrasts with the long-standing prohibition of touch with psychiatric patients and thereby provides a rational approach to the use of touch in psychiatry. The reasoned recommendations for osteopathic psychiatrists using touch clinically include consent, context, and competency considerations.
The Antiquities of Jordan in the Reports of Foreign Explorers and Travelers (The Stage Before the Establishment of the Emirate of Jordan in 1921 AD)
Authors: Kafafi Zeidan 
Published: November 2022

This article studies the foreign explorers and travelers who documented the archaeological heritage of Jordan during the 18th and 19th centuries in their travel reports. The article begins with a summary of the historical and social conditions of Jordan at the time, when Jordan was part of the Ottoman state. The article examines the foreign explorers in three sub-periods:

From the end of the Crusader period in the aftermath of the Battle of Hittin in 1187 up to Napoleon’s military expedition to Egypt in 1798.
From Napoleon’s military expedition in 1798 up to the establishment of the Western learned societies interested in the antiquities of Palestine, starting with the British Palestine Exploration Fund in 1865.
From the establishment of the Palestine Exploration Fund in 1865 up to the establishment of the Emirate of Jordan in 1921.

The reports of the travelers and explorers concentrated on sites and regions mentioned in the biblical narratives
Een alternatief perspectief op ontwikkelingssamenwerking via maatschappelijke organisaties
Authors: Kamstra Jelmer 
Published: November 2022

An alternative perspective on development cooperation through CSOs: From technical management to social transformation
After years of development cooperation focused on service delivery and technical assistance, several years ago the Netherlands put the political role of civil society organisations in the South centre stage with the programme ‘Dialogue and Dissent’ (2016-2020). The aim was to strengthen the voice of marginalised groups in order to achieve more structural solutions to issues of poverty, inequality and exclusion. Compared to previous programmes of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, this new approach represented a fundamental shift in thinking, a paradigm shift.This article describes two archetypal approaches to development cooperation: the technical management approach and the social transformative approach. It then describes how ‘Dialogue and Dissent’ makes the shift from one to the other through a stronger focus on the political role of CSOs, establishing partnership relations, and on flexible and more qualitative forms of monitoring and evaluation. It addresses tensions, growing pains and dilemmas that arise during implementation. It provides tools for policymakers, politicians and researchers to question the paradigms we find ourselves in, and relate the choices we make to them.
Access to justice in the digital era
Authors: ter Voert Marijke , Pivaty Anna , Marique Enguerrand 
Published: November 2022

Access to justice in the digital era
Developments in digital technologies have induced profound changes in the way legal services and legal dispute resolution bodies operate. But little is known about how the use of digital technologies in the field of law affects access to justice (A2J) for individuals and businesses. Digital technologies are often seen as enhancing A2J. Yet, empirical research into the (presumed) advantages and disadvantages of the use of digital applications for A2J is lacking. The aim of this special issue is to contribute to the empirical evidence base.The various contributions demonstrate that some types of digitalization provide better A2J because they broaden ways to contact institutions, make access cheaper or enable case processing in times of emergency, such as a pandemic. Despite these positive aspects, there are also challenges related to A2J, namely negative consequences of remote communication for the quality of procedures and participation of litigants; failure of technological solutions to deliver promised benefits; and difficulties of access for persons with poor digital capabilities or in vulnerable conditions.
Digitalizing Welfare: The role of encounters in supporting marginalised citizens’ access to rights in the Danish welfare state
Authors: Piilgaard Porner Nielsen Stine , Hammerslev Ole 
Published: November 2022

Digitalizing Welfare: The role of encounters in supporting marginalised citizens’ access to rights in the Danish welfare state
Digitalisation of the public sector is advocated for as an efficient and responsive approach to the delivery of public services. In this article, we analyse the role of digitalisation from a bottom-up perspective as we zoom in on socially marginalised citizens’ access to welfare rights in the context of the digitalised Danish welfare state. In the Danish welfare state, the authority and responsibility to distribute welfare support rest mainly with the municipalities which thus play a significant role in the public sector infrastructure when it comes to ensuring efficient responses to citizens’ social problems. Yet, research suggests that citizens who lack legal and digital capabilities related to accessing welfare support in a digitalised welfare state may face challenges in this process. Drawing on observations of encounters between socially marginalised citizens and social workers who as intermediaries assist the citizens in the process of gaining access to welfare rights, and on semi-structured interviews with both parties, the article suggests that encounters between socially marginalised citizens and intermediaries can be decisive for citizens’ ability to access rights in the digitalised space of the welfare state.
The lawyer as a key player in guaranteeing access to justice in the digital era
Authors: Bruquetas-Callejo María , Dubelaar Marieke , Geertsema Karen 
Published: November 2022

The lawyer as a key player in guaranteeing access to justice in the digital era
In this article the role of the lawyer in criminal law, immigration detention law and asylum law is analysed in the context of digitalization measures during the COVID-19 lockdowns in the Netherlands.
Effect of Organics and Nanofluids on Capillary-Sealing Efficiency of Caprock for Hydrogen and Carbon-Dioxide Geological Storage
Authors: Alanazi Amer , Ali Muhammad , Mowafi Mahmoud , Hoteit Hussein 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Gas (hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)) geo-storage is a prominent solution for a low-carbon global economy. Geo-storage formations are very complex in nature and their wetting characteristics are dependent on various parameters. The literature lacks analysis of caprock’s structural trapping capacities, sealing efficiency, and proposed solutions for enhanced trapping potential.
This work investigates H2 and CO2 wettability (pressure up to 25 MPa and temperature up to 343K) of pure and organic-aged (lignoceric acid C24, stearic acid C18, lauric acid C12, and hexanoic acid C6) mica samples as a proxy of caprock. Alumina nanofluid priming was used on organic-aged mica samples as a solution for reversing the wettability to hydrophilic conditions. Furthermore, capillary entry pressure and gas column heights were calculated.
The results depict that H2 and CO2 wettability turned from Intermediate to strong CO2-wet mainly due to the increase in organic surface concentration and pressure. The higher the alkyl chain length of organic acids, the higher the hydrophobic conditions for mica substrates. Alumina nanofluid has shown great potential to reverse the wettability, where 0.25 wt.% was the optimum concentration. In a nutshell, the present work provides a detailed theoretical workflow to assess the capacity of caprock for safe and secure geo-storage projects.

Introduction
Hydrogen emerges as a promising clean fuel to support the decarbonization process by converting energy from fossil fuels into a more environmental-friendly form and effectively storing clean energy from renewables to overcome their intermittent supply issue (Alanazi et al., 2022). Wide-scale implementation of H2-based economy requires a medium with a large storage capacity, which can be theoretically offered by geological formations such as deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and salt caverns (Zivar et al., 2021).
Investigating the Influence of sc-CO2 on Short-term Creep Behavior for Green River Shale Samples under Triaxial Conditions
Authors: Al Shafloot T. S. , Kim T. W. , Kovscek A. R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Understanding changes to geomechanical properties accompanying exposure of shale to supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and the effects of the interaction of shale with sc-CO2 is essential to evaluate CO2 utilization for waterless fracturing and CO2 storage. There is limited understanding of the impact of sc-CO2 on time-dependent deformation of shale rocks. This study investigates the short-term creep behavior of Green River shale samples under vacuumed and sc-CO2 conditions. To avoid tertiary deformation, a high pressure high temperature triaxial cell was utilized to conduct creep tests under relatively small stresses. The power-law model describing creep demonstrated an excellent fit to experimental behavior. Power-law model parameters reflect significant ductility of Green River shale and very small time-dependent deformation. Short-term saturation with sc-CO2 (three days) significantly reduced static moduli by 19 to 38%. From a viscous creep perspective, exposing this shale to sc-CO2 caused a reduction in time-dependent deformation. Our observations, combined with findings in the literature, highlight the critical role of water saturation in enhancing creep response before and after exposure to sc-CO2.

Introduction
Characterizing rock transport and geomechanical parameters is essential for shale reservoir stimulation success, long-term productivity prediction, and understanding the effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage formation shale cap rocks. Shale samples under constant applied stress demonstrate time-dependent deformation that is indicative of viscous creep. Understanding creep deformation is important for both short and long-term responses. For short-term response, studies report that creep increases hydraulic fracturing gradient by causing stress isotropy (Yang & Zoback, 2016). On the other hand, long term response influences transport and productivity by impacting matrix permeability and fracture closure (Villamor Lora, et al., 2016; Sone & Zoback, 2014). Furthermore, creep deformation may cause adverse issues such as wellbore stability and reservoir subsidence (Du, et al., 2018). ) storage formation shale cap rocks. Shale samples under constant applied stress demonstrate time-dependent deformation that is indicative of viscous creep. Understanding creep deformation is important for both short and long-term responses. For short-term response, studies report that creep increases hydraulic fracturing gradient by causing stress isotropy (Yang & Zoback, 2016). On the other hand, long term response influences transport and productivity by impacting matrix permeability and fracture closure (Villamor Lora, et al., 2016; Sone & Zoback, 2014). Furthermore, creep deformation may cause adverse issues such as wellbore stability and reservoir subsidence (Du, et al., 2018).
Simulation of Segmented Subdivision Cutting Fracturing in Horizontal Wells in Shale Oil Reservoirs Based on Boundary Element Method
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Nianyin , Deng Zhiying , Song Jie , Zhang Qian , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For the segmented subdivision cutting fracturing in horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs, using the boundary element method, a horizontal wellbore fracturing model is established considering the stress interference of the horizontal well section and the flow distribution at the opening of multiple hydraulic fractures (HF). The simulation of subdivision cutting fracturing of horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs was carried out. Combined with the orthogonal test method, the influencing factors of the fluid pressure of HFs, the effective volume of HFs, and the fracturing fluid efficiency were analyzed. The results show that when the spacing between the sections and perforation clusters in horizontal wells is small, HFs in the middle are “squeezed” by the stress induced by the outer HFs, resulting in a much smaller length than the outer HFs. During the segmented subdivision cutting fracturing in horizontal wells, the spacing of each section has the most significant impact on the effective volume of HFs and fracturing fluid efficiency, followed by the number of HFs within a section. The spacing of each perforation cluster has the most negligible effect.

Introduction
Shale oil is an unconventional oil and gas resource, which is a vital alternative resource to conventional oil and gas (Qian, 2015). According to the EIA assessment, the technically recoverable shale oil resources in the world are 473 × 108 t (Qianru et al., 2020). Horizontal well volume fracturing technology is an effective means of achieving efficient development of shale oil and gas. Currently, the staged fracturing of horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs is no longer aimed at increasing the length of the hydraulic fracture (HF) but at maximizing the comprehensive stimulation of the near well zone (Minsheng et al., 2019). Sinopec has proved the feasibility of using horizontal well subdivision cutting and volume fracturing technology for continental medium and high-maturity shale oil in several development areas (Tingxue and Haitao, 2021). In 2020, after the Jimsar shale oil reservoir was stimulated with subdivision cutting volume fracturing technology, the average daily oil production in the first year reached 36 t (Chengmei et al., 2021). Continental shale oil reservoirs have significant heterogeneity, and the effect of fracturing operations is poor. The relationship between the cost of fracturing operations and the expected development benefits must be comprehensively considered (Chengmei et al., 2021, Shanshan et al., 2021, Daohan et al., 2022, Xiaodong et al., 2022).
What Can We Learn From the Child/Infill Well Fracturing in Shale Gas Reservoir? Some Interesting Insights
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Tang Xuanhe , Dusseault Maurice B. , McLennan John D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Infill horizontal wells with fracturing treatment are being widely applied to enhance the recovery from shale gas reservoirs in Sichuan basin. Frac-hits are commonly treated as a hazard for the adjacent (infill) well production and wellbore. During the infill well fracturing of the gas shale in Sichuan basin, an interesting field phenomenon has been reported: (i) the number of microseismic (MS) events close to the boundary of the parent well SRV decreases sharply. It seems that there is a barrier or a local attenuation process that inhibits significant MS activity from developing within the parent well SRV. (ii) After infill well fracturing, a transitory pressure and production regain were detected in the adjacent parent well. In this work, an integrated flow-geomechanics coupling model has been built, which includes the parent well fracturing, parent well production, infill well fracturing and production. Involving with the field researches in North America, two cases in Fuling gas shale are discussed. The first case is based on an infill well in one main productive layer, while the second case is based on a multi-layer infill wells zone. Mechanism of the field phenomenon from Fuling gas shale infill wells are investigated by the integrated flow-geomechanics coupling model and evidenced by field data. Finally, several inspirations were proposed: (1) Only in gas shale (ultra-low permeable and naturally fractured reservoir)? (2) More geomechanical mechanisms for the MSEB effect? (3) Frac-hit is good or bad? How can we utilize it? More investigations are expected from scholars in different researching fields.

Background
The well production and pressure of shale gas reservoirs in Sichuan basin (Fuling, Changning, etc) drops over 90% and 75% in two years. Infill horizontal wells with fracturing treatment are being widely applied to enhance recovery from this reservoir.
Implementation of Physics-Based Hydraulic Fracturing Optimization Workflows as a Game-Changer Strategy To Unlock Tight Gas Reserves: A Deep Gas Abu Dhabi Case Study
Authors: Abdelmawgod A. , Al Blooshi A. , Alloghani J. A. , Al Kaabi A. , Azoug Y. , Elmahdi A. M. , Sayed S. , Buijs H. , Ibrahim M. , Swedan T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Increasing global demand for gas has led to a larger focus on production from deep gas HP/HT reservoirs. The case study presents an offshore field under current development with several vertical wells that confirmed varying reservoir extent, successful stimulation, and productivity. The target formation is a naturally fractured HP/HT low permeability clastic reservoir with lateral and vertical reservoir quality variations. Measured stress rotation within the structure and large minimum stress variations across different reservoir intervals support the presence of a complex stress environment where the development of a predictive 1D Mechanical Earth Model (1DMEM) becomes challenging. The combination of a variable stress dependent permeability within an altered stress field introduces uncertainty in the estimation of fracture geometry and hurdles its optimization. The paper presents a multi-frac completion strategy to be implemented in newly drilled development wells by utilizing state-of-the-art hydraulic fracturing optimization workflows driven by an integrated multidisciplinary approach.

Introduction
The offshore field presented here is located west of Abu Dhabi city. The subsurface structure was first identified in 1966 and is part of a regional N-S extending structural trend with other nearby fields. The targeted formation is a deep naturally fractured tight gas clastic reservoir that presents lateral and vertical reservoir quality variations. It possesses three different reservoir units (A, B and C) with diverse petrophysical and mechanical properties. The new development considers cased and cemented s-shaped wells with a dedicated 4 ½” frac string to pump stimulation treatments at high rates. The “plug and perf” completion methodology was selected since this allows flexibility given the initial uncertainty in the hydraulic fracture growth and to properly evaluate intervals production performance.