bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Childlessness Among Middle-Aged and Older Americans: A Research Note
Authors: Xu Xiao , Liang Jersey , Raymo James M. , Kim BoRin , Ofstedal Mary Beth 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Measuring childlessness is complicated by the increasing complexity of family structure. Using data from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study, in this research note we compared three definitions of childlessness: (1) respondent never fathered/gave birth to a child, (2) respondent had no children who were living and in contact, and (3) respondent and spouse/partner had no children or stepchildren who were living and in contact. Results showed that the prevalence of childlessness among Americans aged 55 or older ranged from 9.2% to 13.6% depending on which definition was used. The association between select individual characteristics (gender and marital status) and the likelihood of childlessness, as well as the association between childlessness and loneliness and living arrangements, also varied depending on how childlessness was defined. Therefore, how we define childlessness can affect our understanding of its prevalence, correlates, and relationships with well-being. Future research on childlessness should carefully consider the choice of definition and its implications for research and policy discussions.
Is the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hierarchical Condition Category Risk Adjustment Model Satisfactory for Quantifying Risk After Spine Surgery?
Authors: Chan Andrew K. , Shahrestani Shane , Ballatori Alexander M. , Orrico Katie O. , Manley Geoffrey T. , Tarapore Phiroz E. , Huang Michael , Dhall Sanjay S. , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V. , DiGiorgio Anthony M. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) hierarchical condition category (HCC) coding is a risk adjustment model that allows for the estimation of risk—and cost—associated with health care provision. Current models may not include key factors that fully delineate the risk associated with spine surgery.

OBJECTIVE:
To augment CMS HCC risk adjustment methodology with socioeconomic data to improve its predictive capabilities for spine surgery.

METHODS:
The National Inpatient Sample was queried for spinal fusion, and the data was merged with county-level coverage and socioeconomic status variables obtained from the Brookings Institute. We predicted outcomes (death, nonroutine discharge, length of stay [LOS], total charges, and perioperative complication) with pairs of hierarchical, mixed effects logistic regression models—one using CMS HCC score alone and another augmenting CMS HCC scores with demographic and socioeconomic status variables. Models were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves. Variable importance was assessed in conjunction with Wald testing for model optimization.

RESULTS:
We analyzed 653 815 patients. Expanded models outperformed models using CMS HCC score alone for mortality, nonroutine discharge, LOS, total charges, and complications. For expanded models, variable importance analyses demonstrated that CMS HCC score was of chief importance for models of mortality, LOS, total charges, and complications. For the model of nonroutine discharge, age was the most important variable. For the model of total charges, unemployment rate was nearly as important as CMS HCC score.

CONCLUSION:
The addition of key demographic and socioeconomic characteristics substantially improves the CMS HCC risk-adjustment models when modeling spinal fusion outcomes. This finding may have important implications for payers, hospitals, and policymakers.
Standing horse posture: a longer stance is more stable
Authors: Gellman Karen , Ruina Andy 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Horses stand for most of each day. Although they can use various leg configurations (postures), they usually stand with vertical legs. Why? We addressed this question with a 2D quasi-static model having three rigid parts: a trunk, massless fore-limbs and massless rear limbs, with hinges at the shoulders, hips, and hooves. The postural parameter we varied was ℓg, the distance between the hooves. For a given ℓg, statics finds an equilibrium configuration which, with no muscle stabilization (i.e. using minimal effort) is unstable. We assume a horse uses that configuration. To measure the neuromuscular effort needed to stabilize this equilibrium, we added springs at the shoulder and hip; the larger the springs needed to stabilize the model (kmin), the more neuromuscular effort needed to stabilize the posture. A canted-in posture (small ℓg), observed habitually in some domestic horses, needs about twice the spring stiffness (representing twice the effort) as is needed with vertical or slightly splayed-out (large ℓg) legs. This relationship of posture and stability might explain the prevalence of vertical or slightly splayed-out legs in wild and healthy domestic horses and leaves as a puzzle why some horses stand canted-in.
PPP4C facilitates homologous recombination DNA repair by dephosphorylating PLK1 during early embryo development
Authors: Dong Ming-Zhe , Ouyang Ying-Chun , Gao Shi-Cai , Ma Xue-Shan , Hou Yi , Schatten Heide , Wang Zhen-Bo , Sun Qing-Yuan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Mammalian early embryo cells have complex DNA repair mechanisms to maintain genomic integrity, and homologous recombination (HR) plays the main role in response to double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) in these cells. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) participates in the HR process and its overexpression has been shown to occur in a variety of human cancers. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of PLK1 remains poorly understood, especially during the S and G2 phase. Here, we show that protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PPP4C) deletion causes severe female subfertility due to accumulation of DNA damage in oocytes and early embryos. PPP4C dephosphorylated PLK1 at the S137 site, negatively regulating its activity in the DSB response in early embryonic cells. Depletion of PPP4C induced sustained activity of PLK1 when cells exhibited DNA lesions that inhibited CHK2 and upregulated the activation of CDK1, resulting in inefficient loading of the essential HR factor RAD51. On the other hand, when inhibiting PLK1 in the S phase, DNA end resection was restricted. These results demonstrate that PPP4C orchestrates the switch between high-PLK1 and low-PLK1 periods, which couple the checkpoint to HR.
Studies for Absolute Configuration of Chiral 2,6-Cuneanedicarboxylic Acid Esters
Authors: Takebe Hiyori , Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The unique polyfused cyclic hydrocarbon, cuneane, was obtained by structural isomerization of cubane. Eaton has reported that 1,4-cubanedicarboxylic acid ester is selectively isomerized to 2,6-cubanedicarboxylic acid ester catalyzed by silver (I). The cuneane has C2 symmetry. Chiral resolution of bis(2-phenylethyl) 2,6-cuneanedicarboxylate by chiral HPLC was performed; determination of the absolute configuration of each enantiomer was performed based on ECD (Electronic Circular Dichroism) spectra and DFT calculation.
Muscle Forces during Weight-Bearing Exercises in Medial Knee Osteoarthritis and Varus Malalignment: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: STARKEY SCOTT C. , DIAMOND LAURA E. , HINMAN RANA S. , SAXBY DAVID J. , KNOX GABRIELLE , HALL MICHELLE 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that common weight-bearing exercises generate higher lower-limb muscle forces but do not increase medial tibiofemoral contact force (MTCF) when compared with walking in people with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment.

Methods
Twenty-eight participants 50 yr or older with medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment were recruited from the community. Three-dimensional lower-body motion, ground reaction forces, and surface EMG from 12 lower-limb muscles were acquired during five squat, lunge, single-leg heel raise, and walking trials, performed at self-selected speeds. An EMG-informed neuromusculoskeletal model with subject-specific bone geometry was used to estimate muscle forces (N) and body weight (BW)–normalized MTCF. The peak forces for muscle groups (knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle plantar flexors, and hip abductors) and peak MTCF were compared with walking using a multivariate analysis of variance model.

Results
There was a significant main effect (P < 0.001). Post hoc tests (mean difference (95% confidence intervals)) showed that, compared with walking, participants generated higher peak knee extensor and flexor forces during squatting (extensor: 902 N (576 to 1227 N), flexor: 192 N (9.39 to 375 N)) and lunging (extensor: 917 N (604 to 1231 N), flexor: 496 N (198 to 794 N)), and lower peak hip abductor force during squatting (−1975 N (−2841 to −1108 N)) and heel raises (−1217 N (−2131 to −303 N)). Compared with walking, MTCF was lower during squatting (−0.79 BW (−1.04 to −0.53 BW)) and heel raises (−0.27 BW (−0.50 to −0.04 BW)). No other significant differences were observed.

Conclusions
Participants generated higher peak knee flexor and extensor forces during squatting and lunging but did not increase peak MTCF compared with walking. Clinicians can use these findings to reassure themselves and patients that weight-bearing exercises in these positions do not adversely increase forces within the osteoarthritic joint compartment.
Effectiveness of forest honey (Apis dorsata) as therapy for ovarian failure causing malnutrition
Authors: Safitri Erma , Purnobasuki Hery , Purnama Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad , Chhetri Shekhar 
Published: May 2022

Background:Malnutrition is a crucial issue that contributes to approximately 45% of deaths among children under 5 years old and even >50% of deaths when accompanied by diarrhea. Several studies have stated that the use of honey can overcome cases of infertility due to malnutrition.Methods:An infertile female rat model with a degenerative ovary was induced with malnutrition through a 5-day food fasting but still had drinking water. The administration of (T1) 30% (v/v) and (T2) 50% (v/v) forest honey (Apis dorsata) were performed for ten consecutive days, whereas the (T+) group was fasted and not administered forest honey and the (T−) group has not fasted and not administered forest honey. Superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, IL-13 and TNF-α cytokine expressions, and ovarian tissue regeneration were analyzed.Results:Antioxidant activity (SOD) was significantly different (p<0.05) in T1 (65.24±7.53), T2 (74.16±12.3), and T− (65.09±6.56) compared with T+ (41.76±8.51). Oxidative stress (MDA) was significantly different (p<0.05) in T1 (9.71±1.53), T2 (9.23±0.96), and T− (9.83±1.46) compared with T+ (15.28±1.61). Anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-13) expression was significantly different (p<0.05) in T1 (5.30±2.31), T2 (9.80±2.53), and T− (0.30±0.48) compared with T+ (2.70±1.57). Pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) expression was significantly different (p<0.05) in T1 (4.40±3.02), T2 (2.50±1.65), and T− (0.30±0.48) compared with T+ (9.50±1.78). Ovarian tissue regeneration was significantly different (p<0.05) in T− (8.6±0.69) and T2 (5.10±0.99) compared with T1 (0.7±0.95) and T+ (0.3±0.67).Conclusion:The 10-day administration of 50% (v/v) forest honey can be an effective therapy for ovarian failure that caused malnutrition in the female rat model.
Better survival of patients with oligo- compared with polymetastatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 173 studies
Authors: Petrelli Fausto , Ghidini Antonio , Ghidini Michele , Bukovec Roberta , Trevisan Francesca , Turati Luca , Indini Alice , Seghezzi Silvia , Lonati Veronica , Moleri Giovanna , Tomasello Gianluca , Zaniboni Alberto 
Published: May 2022

Background: The modern concept of oligometastatic (OM) state has been initially developed to describe patients with a low burden of disease and with a potential for cure with local ablative treatments. We systematically assessed the risk of death and relapse of oligometastatic (OM) cancers compared to cancers with more diffuse metastatic spread, through a meta-analysis of published data. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting prognosis of patients with OM solid tumors. Risk of death and relapse were extracted and pooled to provide an adjusted hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval (HR 95%CI). The primary outcome of the study refers to overall mortality in OM vs. polymetastatic (PM) patients. Results. Mortality and relapse associated with OM state in patients with cancer were evaluated among 104,234 participants (n=173 studies). Progression-free survival was better in patients with OM disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, 95% CI 0.57–0.68; P <.001; n=69 studies). Also, OM cancers were associated with a better overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.62-0.68; P<.01; n=161 studies). In colorectal (CRC), breast, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) the reduction in the risk of death for OM patients were 35, 38, 30 and 42%, respectively. Biliary tract and cervical cancer do not significantly better in OM stage likely for paucity of data. Conclusions. Patients with OM cancers have a significantly better prognosis than those with more widespread stage IV tumors. In OM cancer patients a personalized approach should be pursued.
Early Marriage among young girls in Eastern Ethiopia: trend during 2008-2018
Authors: Abdurahman Dureti , Assefa Nega , Berhane Yemane 
Published: May 2022

Early marriage practices undermine girls’ autonomy and seriously affect their physical and mental wellbeing. Monitoring the trends and understanding the drivers is essential in intervening against early marriage. However, many studies on early marriage in Ethiopia are cross-sectional, focusing only on the magnitude at a single point in time. Hence, we extracted data of girls of 10-17 years from Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Kersa HDSS) database for the period of 2008–2018 in order to examine the trends of early marriage. In this data note we provide the details of a research database of 24,452 girls in the age group of 10-17 years. The extracted data include date of marriage and the girls’ socio-demographic variables. Other variables considered to be potentially associated with timing of marriage were also extracted. The purpose of this publication is to describe the dataset for external researchers who may be interested in making use of it as a secondary use of their routinely collected data. This dataset is available at  https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.15034812.
Single-cell multi-omics analysis reveals IFN-driven alterations in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Trzupek Dominik , Lee Mercede , Hamey Fiona , Wicker Linda S. , Todd John A. , Ferreira Ricardo C. 
Published: May 2022

Background: The characterisation of the peripheral immune system in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at the single-cell level has been limited by the reduced sensitivity of current whole-transcriptomic technologies. Here we employ a targeted single-cell multi-omics approach, combining protein and mRNA quantification, to generate a high-resolution map of the T lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell populations in blood from SLE patients. Methods: We designed a custom panel to quantify the transcription of 534 genes in parallel with the expression of 51 surface protein targets using the BD Rhapsody AbSeq single-cell system. We applied this technology to profile 20,656 T and NK cells isolated from peripheral blood from an SLE patient with a type I interferon (IFN)-induced gene expression signature (IFNhi), and an age- and sex- matched IFNlow SLE patient and healthy donor. Results: We confirmed the presence of a rare cytotoxic CD4+ T cell (CTL) subset, which was exclusively present in the IFNhi patient. Furthermore, we identified additional alterations consistent with increased immune activation in this patient, most notably a shift towards terminally differentiated CD57+ CD8+ T cell and CD16+ NKdim phenotypes, and the presence of a subset of recently-activated naïve CD4+ T cells. Conclusions: Our results identify IFN-driven changes in the composition and phenotype of T and NK cells that are consistent with a systemic immune activation within the IFNhi patient, and underscore the added resolving power of this multi-omics approach to identify rare immune subsets. Consequently, we were able to find evidence for novel cellular peripheral biomarkers of SLE disease activity, including a subpopulation of CD57+ CD4+ CTLs.
Electrochemical Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene by Manganese Phthalocyanine: Performance and Mechanisms
Authors: Deng Jia , Fang Zheng , Dai Yitao , Huang Lizhi 
Published: May 2022

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the most abundant persistent organic pollutant in subsurface environment. TCE can be reduced electrochemically, but the extremely negative applied potential limits the application of this technology. Manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) catalyst was used for the electrochemical reductive dechlorination of TCE. The results show that MnPc can be reduced by electrons attachment at −-0.21 V, −-1.22 V and −-1.77 V, respectively. With the decrease of applied potential from −-0.3 V to −-1.8 V, the transformation from TCE to dichloroethylene (DCE) efficiency increased from 19.9% to 41.8% after 5 hours of reaction. Although the electron transfer ability was enhanced with applied potential decreasing, the intensive HER caused the electron selectivity decreased when MnPc attached more electrons. MnPc catalyze the electrochemical reduction of TCE, which has potential application on the remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater.
Methodology of designing compact schlieren systems using off-axis parabolic mirrors
Authors: Zheng Lingzhi , Susa Adam J. , Hanson Ronald K. 
Published: May 2022

Schlieren imaging is widely adopted in applications where fluid
dynamics features are of interest. However, traditional Z-type
schlieren systems utilizing on-axis mirrors generally require large
system footprints due to the need to use high f-number mirrors. In
this context, off-axis parabolic (OAP) mirrors provide an attractive
alternative for permitting the use of smaller f-number optics, but
well-documented methodologies for designing schlieren systems with OAP
mirrors are lacking. The present work outlines a ray-tracing-based
workflow applied to the design of a modified Z-type schlieren system
utilizing OAP mirrors. The ray-tracing analysis evaluates the defocus
and distortion introduced by schlieren optics. The results are used
along with system size and illumination efficiency considerations to
inform the selection of optimal optical components capable of
producing high-quality schlieren images while minimizing the system
footprint. As a step-by-step demonstration of the design methodology,
an example schlieren system design is presented. The example schlieren
design achieved an image resolution of 1.1 lp/mm at 50% contrast, with
a 60% reduction in system length compared to traditional Z-type
systems with f/8 mirrors; distortion characterizations of the designed
schlieren system showed good agreement with ray-tracing predictions,
and the distortion can be corrected through image post-processing. The
current work provides a systematic approach for the design of compact
schlieren systems with OAP mirrors and demonstrates the utility of
this underutilized option.
Organisationale Ambidextrie für Digitale Transformation gezielt entwickeln – Konzeption des „CDO-CIO Do-it Kit“ auf Basis eines Reifegradansatzes
Authors: Back Andrea , Bub Udo , Wagner David M. 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Digitale Transformation betrifft Unternehmen aller Branchen. Diese können sich nicht auf die laufende Verbesserung ihres erfolgreichen Bestandsgeschäfts beschränken, sondern müssen gleichzeitig neue, digitale Geschäftsmodelle aufbauen, um allenfalls bereits wegbrechendes Geschäft zu kompensieren. Das Konzept der Organisationalen Ambidextrie bezeichnet die Fähigkeit von Unternehmen, bei neuartigen strategischen Vorhaben (Exploration) gleichzeitig auf Kernkompetenzen aus dem Bestandsgeschäft (Exploitation) als Wettbewerbsvorteil zu setzen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Kriterienkatalog vorgestellt, der die Fähigkeit von Organisationen beschreibt, das Ambidextrie-Konzept speziell bei den strategischen Vorhaben zur Digitalen Transformation umzusetzen. Dieser Katalog dient als Managementinstrument für eine Standortbestimmung und Zielvorgaben und lässt sich zu einem Reifegradmodell weiterentwickeln. Sowohl das IT-Know-how als auch das Zusammenspiel der Chief-Information- (CIO) und der jüngeren Chief-Digital-Officer (CDO)-Rolle sind dabei von zentraler Bedeutung und begründen den Unterschied zur allgemeinen Organisationalen Ambidextrie.Der Katalog wurde in einem iterativen Design-Science-Research-Ansatz mit zwei Design- und Evaluationszyklen entwickelt und enthält für ein Erhebungsinstrument einsatzfertige Fragestellungen zu 46 Gestaltungsfaktoren in sieben Dimensionen mit insgesamt 99 Kriterien. Als konzeptionelle Grundlagen dienten insbesondere literaturbasiertes Wissen zu Rollenanforderungen für CIO und CDO, einschlägige Untermengen von Kriterien aus Reifegradmodellen und Assessments zu allgemeiner Digitaler Transformation, Intrapreneurship und Innovationskultur für digitale Lösungen. Die Bezeichnung CDO-CIO Do-it Kit ergibt sich aus den Anfangsbuchstaben der Dimensionen: CDO-CIO Zusammenarbeit, Digital-Transformation-Strategie, Organisation, Innovation, Transformationsmanagement, Kultur & Kompetenz sowie IT & IT-Kompetenz.
Female and male partner perspectives on placebo Multipurpose Prevention Technologies (MPTs) used by women in the TRIO study in South Africa and Kenya
Authors: Wagner Laura Danielle , Minnis Alexandra M. , Shea Jaclyn , Agot Kawango , Ahmed Khatija , van der Straten Ariane 
Published: May 2022

Background
Male partner awareness and acceptance of microbicide and family planning product use has been shown to increase women’s own acceptance and adherence of a product. However, little is known about preferences regarding potential Multipurpose Prevention Technology (MPT) product delivery forms. As part of the TRIO study, men’s reactions to their female partner’s TRIO product use and comparisons of men’s and women’s views of TRIO product attributes and use acceptability were explored to better understand product preferences.

Methods
Women in TRIO used three placebo products that represented potential MPTs: daily oral tablets, monthly vaginal rings, and monthly dual injections. Male partners (N = 39) and women (N = 88) completed in-depth interviews on their own and their partner’s experiences with these products. Qualitative coding and analyses followed a conceptual model of HIV prevention product acceptability, and here, we explored themes of disclosure, trust and infidelity as they informed barriers and facilitators to product use.

Results
Men expressed a desire to know of their partner’s product use decisions and be informed and educated on the products to better support their partners, in some cases, expressing a high level of concern regarding maximizing the ease of product adherence for their partner. They also wanted to understand the effects of products on sexual encounters with their partner, but in some cases, wanted more knowledge in order to control their partner’s product use decisions. Similarly to women, men found long-acting, discreet products that have little to no effect on sexual encounters or libido the most acceptable for their female partners’ use. Product use was most acceptable to men if they were informed of use without inadvertent discovery.

Conclusions
Men’s product attribute preferences often aligned with women’s opinions of the same products. To support women’s correct use of MPTs, further research is needed to determine the best strategy for achieving male partner acceptance and support of product use, particularly for less familiar delivery forms, such as the vaginal ring.