bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pan-cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of leucine zipper protein 2 in human cancer
Authors: Feng Dechao , Shi Xu , Zhu Weizhen , Zhang Facai , Li Dengxiong , Han Ping , Wei Qiang , Yang Lu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to perform a pan-cancer analysis of leucine zipper protein 2 (LUZP2). A standardized TCGA pan-cancer dataset was downloaded. Differential expression, clinical prognosis, genetic mutations, immune infiltration, epigenetic modifications, tumor stemness and heterogeneity were analyzed. We conducted all analyses through software R 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Compared to normal samples, we observed that the LUZP2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in LGG, PRAD, LUSC and downregulated in KIRC and other eleven cancer species patients. In terms of overall survival, low-expression of LUZP2 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in lower grade glioma (LGG), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). For progression-free survival, we observed that downregulation of LUZP2 was significantly related to LGG, KIRC, LUSC, and PRAD. Our results observed negative correlations of the stemness of LGG and PRAD with the mRNA expression of LUZP2, whose downregulation was closely associated with poor prognosis. The mutation frequencies of LGG, PRAD, KIRC, and LUSC were 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.3%, and 2.1%, respectively. We detected that the LUZP2 level was negatively associated with TILs in most cancers, including LGG, LUSC, PRAD, and KIRC, while the LUZP2 methylation showed the opposite results. In conclusion, the results of our initial pan-cancer investigation provided a somewhat thorough understanding of the functions of LUZP2 on KIRC, LGG, PRAD, and LUSC.
A systematic review of empirical evidence for landscape-level fuel treatment effectiveness
Authors: McKinney Shawn T. , Abrahamson Ilana , Jain Theresa , Anderson Nathaniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdverse effects of wildfires can be mitigated within fuel treatments, but empirical evidence of their effectiveness across large areas is needed to guide design and implementation at the landscape level. We conducted a systematic literature review of empirically based studies that tested the influence of landscape-level fuel treatments on subsequent wildfires in North America over the past 30 years to evaluate how treatment type and configuration affect subsequent wildfire behavior or enable more effective wildfire response.ResultsWe identified 2240 papers, but only 26 met our inclusion criteria. Wildfire sizes ranged from 96 to 186,874 ha and total treated area ranged from 8 to 53,423 ha. Total treated area within a wildfire perimeter was highly correlated with wildfire area (r= 0.89,n= 93 wildfires), and the average proportion of wildfire area that was treated was 22%. All studies demonstrated wildfire behavior changes within treatment boundaries (i.e., site-level effect), but only 12 studies provided evidence that treatments influence wildfires outside of treatment boundaries (i.e., landscape-level effect). These 12 landscape-level papers showed effects on fire severity, fire progression, and fire extent, but were dissimilar in design and analysis approaches, constraining the ability to generalize about the type and configuration of fuel treatments to maximize effectiveness.ConclusionsIt is clear that the state of knowledge based on empirical evidence is at its infancy. This is likely because of the vast challenges associated with designing and implementing sampling designs that account for combinations of spatial and temporal configurations prior to wildfire occurrence. We also suspect part of the reason empirical evidence is lacking is because the distinction between site-level and landscape-level effects is not well recognized in the literature. All papers used the term landscape, but rarely defined the landscape, and some specified identifying landscape-level effects that were truly site-level effects. Future research needs to develop innovative ways to interpret the role of fuel treatments at the landscape level to provide insight on strategic designs and approaches to maximize fuel treatment effectiveness.
Unit group of some finite semisimple group algebras
Authors: Arvind Namrata , Panja Saikat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe provide the structure of the unit group of$${\mathbb {F}}_{p^k}S_n$$FpkSn, where$$p>n$$p>nis a prime and$$S_n$$Sndenotes the symmetric group onnletters. We also provide the complete characterization of the unit group of the group algebra$${\mathbb {F}}_{p^k}A_6$$FpkA6for$$p\ge 7$$p≥7, where$$A_6$$A6is the alternating group on 6 letters.
Comparative analysis of imaging diagnostic models for tubular basophilia and mineralization of kidney
Authors: Byun Jong Su , Lee Ji Hyun , Kang Jin Seok , Han Beom Seok 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Now that it is possible to efficiently classify and save tissue images of laboratory animals using whole-slide imaging, many diagnostic models are being developed through transfer learning with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this study, transfer learning was performed to gain toxicopathological knowledge using CNN models such as InceptionV3 and Xception. For the classification of tubular basophilia and mineralization, two representative background lesions that commonly occur in toxicological studies, accuracies of diagnosis were compared using MobileNetV2, Xception and InceptionV3. For the simultaneous detection of the two lesions, the accuracy was analysed using You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4).

Results
The accuracy of the classification models was as follows: MobileNetV2 (epoch 50, accuracy: 98.57%) > Xception (epoch 70, accuracy: 97.47%) > InceptionV3 (epoch 70, accuracy: 89.62%). In the case of object detection, the accuracy of YOLOv4 was 98.62% at epoch 3000.

Conclusions
Among the classification models, MobileNetV2 had the best accuracy despite applying a lower epoch than InceptionV3 and Xception. The object detection model, YOLOv4, accurately and simultaneously diagnosed tubular basophilia and mineralization, with an accuracy of 98.62% at epoch 3000.
Assessment of the Clinical Utility of PretreatmentDPYDTesting for Patients Receiving Fluoropyrimidine Chemotherapy
Authors: Hertz Daniel L. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSEPatients who carry pathogenic variants in DPYD have higher systemic fluoropyrimidine (FP) concentrations and greater risk of severe and fatal FP toxicity. Pretreatment DPYD testing and DPYD-guided FP dosing to reduce toxicity and health care costs is recommended by European clinical oncology guidelines and has been adopted across Europe, but has not been recommended or adopted in the United States. The cochairs of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines for colon cancer treatment explained their concerns with recommending pretreatment DPYD testing, particularly the risk that reduced FP doses in DPYD carriers may reduce treatment efficacy.METHODSThis special article uses previously published frameworks for assessing the clinical utility of cancer biomarker tests, including for germline indicators of toxicity risk, to assess the clinical utility of pretreatment DPYD testing, with a particular focus on the risk of reducing treatment efficacy.RESULTSThere is no direct evidence of efficacy reduction, and the available indirect evidence demonstrates that DPYD-guided FP dosing results in similar systemic FP exposure and toxicity compared with standard dosing in noncarriers, and is well calibrated to the maximum tolerated dose, strongly suggesting there is minimal risk of efficacy reduction.CONCLUSIONThis article should serve as a call to action for clinicians and clinical guidelines committees in the United States to re-evaluate the clinical utility of pretreatment DPYD testing. If clinical utility has not been demonstrated, further dialogue is needed to clarify what additional evidence is needed and which of the available study designs, also described within this article, would be appropriate. Clinical guideline recommendations for pretreatment DPYD testing would increase clinical adoption and ensure that all patients receive maximally safe and effective FP treatment.
Electrosorption-induced deformation of a porous electrode with non-convex pore geometry in electrolyte solutions: A theoretical study
Authors: Kolesnikov Andrei L. , Mazur Daria A. , Budkov Yury A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Porous carbon is well known as a good candidate for the development of electrochemical double-layer capacitors. Predominantly, many conventional carbons are microporous and often well described by the assumption of slit pore geometry. However, there is a class of carbons that is significantly different from the others, namely templated mesoporous carbons. In this work, we study electrosorption-induced deformation in CMK-3–like mesopores having non-convex geometry. Our mean-field approach is based on the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation taking into account the excluded volume of the ions within the hard-sphere model. We assume that the deformation is caused by two effects: ion osmotic pressure and electrostatic interactions of the electric double layers on charged rods. We estimated the pore-load modulus of the CMK-3–like material and found an agreement with the previously obtained values by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data analysis. Additionally, we studied the differential capacitance in the non-convex pore geometry and found that the behavior of the differential capacitance profiles was similar to that of the profiles obtained for flat electric double layers: the crowding regime at rather high electric potentials and more pronounced profile asymmetry with increasing differences in the ionic sizes.
Controllability analysis of the small-world network of neural populations
Authors: Liu Xian , Li Ren-Jie , Zhao Yun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Controllability analysis of brain networks is the theoretical foundation for neuromodulation feasibility. This paper presents a new framework for studying controllability of certain brain networks on the basis of neural mass models, the minimum driver node, the linearization technique and a controllability index. Firstly, a WS small-world network of Jansen-Rit's neural populations is established to mathematically model complicated neural dynamics. Secondly, an analytical method of analyzing controllability is built based on the bipartite graph maximum matching algorithm, the linearization technique and the matrix condition number. The bipartite graph maximum matching algorithm is applied to determine the minimum driver node sets for the established network while the matrix condition number is applied to define the controllability index which qualitatively evaluates the degree of the controllability of the established network. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed analytical method is demonstrated by the influence of important parameters on the controllability and the comparison with an existing method. The proposed framework provides theoretical foundation for the study of neuromodulation feasibility, and the results are expected to lead us to better modulate neurodynamics by optimizing network dynamics or designing optimal stimulation protocols.
New Horizons: Revival of Lipoprotein (a) as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Nestel Paul , Loh Wann Jia , Ward Natalie C , Watts Gerald F 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe status of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] as a cardiovascular risk factor has been resurrected by advances in genetics. Mendelian randomization studies show a causal link of Lp(a) with coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). The genetics of Lp(a) is complex and extends beyond the kringle-IV type 2, as it is also dependent on ancestry. The plasma concentration of Lp(a) is determined by the hepatic production of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] component of Lp(a), supporting the use of nucleic acids that inhibit the messenger RNA (mRNA) gene transcript for apo(a). Analytical barriers to measurement of Lp(a) are being addressed using isoform independent assays and a traceable standard. The association of Lp(a) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is higher for myocardial infarction than PAD and CAVS. Increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with low Lp(a) levels is perplexing and requires further investigation. The greatest advancement in Lp(a)-lowering therapies is based on using RNA therapeutics that are now being investigated in clinical trials. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition lowers Lp(a) modestly, but whether cardiovascular benefit is independent of low-density lipoprotein lowering remains unclear. Opportunistic and selective testing for Lp(a) is supported by moderate evidence, with the case for universal screening premature. Modification of behavioral and clinical risk factors may be targeted to mitigate Lp(a)-mediated risk of cardiovascular disease. Clinical practice guidelines have been developed to address gaps in care of high Lp(a), but full implementation awaits the findings of clinical outcome trials using RNA-directed therapies currently underway.
A Call to Action: A Specialty-Specific Course to Support the Next Generation of Clinician Scientists in Anesthesiology
Authors: Cavallone Laura F. , Duggan Elizabeth W. , Berger Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2022

Clinical production pressure is a significant problem for faculty of anesthesiology departments who seek to remain involved in research. Lack of protected time to dedicate to research and insufficient external funding add to this long-standing issue. Recent trends in funding to the departments of anesthesiology and their academic output validate these concerns. A 2022 study examining National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant recipients associated with anesthesiology departments across 10 years (2011–2020) outlines total awarded funds at $1,676,482,440, with most of the funds awarded to only 10 departments in the United States. Of note, the total 1-year NIH funding in 2021 for academic internal medicine departments was 3 times higher than the 10-year funding of anesthesiology departments. Additionally, American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) diplomats represent a minority (37%) of the anesthesiology researchers obtaining grant funding, with a small number of faculty members receiving a prevalence of monies. Overall, the number of publications per academic anesthesiologist across the United States remains modest as does the impact of the scholarly work. Improving environments in which academic anesthesiologists thrive may be paramount to successful academic productivity. In fact, adding to the lack of academic time is the limited bandwidth of senior academic physicians to mentor and support aspiring physician scientists. Given then the challenges for individual departments and notable successes of specialty-specific collaborative efforts (eg, Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research [FAER]), additional pooled-resource approaches may be necessary to successfully support and develop clinician scientists. It is in this spirit that the leadership of Anesthesia & Analgesia and The Journal of Education in Perioperative Medicine, unified with the Association of University Anesthesiologists, aim to sponsor the Introduction to Clinical Research for Academic Anesthesiologists (ICRAA) Course. Directed toward early career academic anesthesiologists who wish to gain competency specifically in the fundamentals of clinical research and receive mentorship to develop an investigative project, the yearlong course will provide participants with the skills necessary to design research initiatives, ethically direct research teams, successfully communicate ideas with data analysts, and write and submit scientific articles. Additionally, the course, articulated in a series of interactive lectures, mentored activities, and workshops, will teach participants to review articles submitted for publication to medical journals and to critically appraise evidence in published research.
It is our hope that this initiative will be of interest to junior faculty of academic anesthesiology departments nationally and internationally.
Retrieval of a Fractured Marathon Microcatheter Entrapped in Onyx Using a Novel Stentriever-Assisted Technique
Authors: Jackson Lachlan , Ma Alice , Faulder Kenneth 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Endovascular embolization using Onyx has been a major advancement in the treatment of cerebrovascular malformations. Microcatheter entrapment in Onyx is a procedural complication which can pose a thromboembolic risk to patients. There have been 4 retrieval techniques for intact microcatheters entrapped in Onyx previously described in the literature, which are summarized in this report. We present the first case using a novel stentriever-assisted technique to successfully and safely retrieve a fractured microcatheter entrapped in Onyx.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
An adult patient with a Cognard IIa + b dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) underwent Onyx embolization. The microcatheter became entrapped and fractured while initially attempting removal. A stentriever was used off label to capture the fractured microcatheter and then a larger caliber microcatheter was railroaded over it. Retrieval of the fractured microcatheter by the stentriever was then facilitated by counter traction on the Onyx cast using the larger microcatheter.

CONCLUSION:
This novel stentriever-assisted technique is a safe and effective rescue maneuver for retrieving a fractured microcatheter trapped in Onyx during embolization of dAVF. There is a need for further research and development of novel devices for retrieval of entrapped microcatheters.
Endoscopic Transorbital Approach to the Middle Fossa: Qualitative and Quantitative Anatomic Study
Authors: Guizzardi Giulia , Mosteiro Alejandra , Hoyos Jhon , Ferres Abel , Topczewski Thomaz , Reyes Luis , Alobid Isam , Matas Jessica , Cavallo Luigi Maria , Cappabianca Paolo , Enseñat Joaquim , Prats-Galino Alberto , Di Somma Alberto 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
The endoscopic superior eyelid transorbital route to the skull base is gaining progressive popularity in the neurosurgical community.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the anatomy of the middle cranial fossa from this novel ventral perspective to reach the skull base through the transorbital route and to show limits for possible safe middle fossa drilling from the transorbital route.

METHODS:
Anatomic study was performed; 5 cadaveric specimens (ie, 10 sides) and 2 dry skulls (ie, 4 sides) were dissected.

RESULTS:
To obtain a functional result, there are boundaries that correspond to neurovascular structures that traverse, enter, or leave the middle fossa that must be respected: inferiorly, the lateral pterygoid muscle; medially, the Gasserian ganglion and the lateral border of the foramen rotundum; laterally, the foramen spinosum with the middle meningeal artery; superiorly, the lesser sphenoid wing; posteriorly, the anterior border of the foramen ovale. Average bone resected was 6.49 ± 0.80 cm3 which is the 63% of total middle fossa floor. The mean axial surgical length calculated was 3.85 cm (3.18-5.19 cm) while the mean sagittal surgical length was 5.23 cm (4.87-6.55 cm). The mean horizontal angle of approach was 38.14° (32.87°-45.63°), while the mean vertical angle of approach was 18.56° (10.81°-26.76°).

CONCLUSION:
Detailed anatomy of the middle cranial fossa is presented, and herewith we demonstrated that from the endoscopic superior eyelid transorbital approach removal of middle cranial fossa floor is possible when anatomic landmarks are respected.
Quantitative Anatomic Comparison of Endoscopic Transnasal and Microsurgical Transcranial Approaches to the Anterior Cranial Fossa
Authors: Agosti Edoardo , Saraceno Giorgio , Rampinelli Vittorio , Raffetti Elena , Veiceschi Pierlorenzo , Buffoli Barbara , Rezzani Rita , Giorgianni Andrea , Hirtler Lena , Alexander Alex Yohan , Deganello Alberto , Piazza Cesare , Nicolai Piero , Castelnuovo Paolo , Locatelli Davide , Peris-Celda Maria , Fontanella Marco Maria , Doglietto Francesco 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Several microsurgical transcranial approaches (MTAs) and endoscopic transnasal approaches (EEAs) to the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) have been described.

OBJECTIVE:
To provide a preclinical, quantitative, anatomic, comparative analysis of surgical approaches to the ACF.

METHODS:
Five alcohol-fixed specimens underwent high-resolution computed tomography. The following approaches were performed on each specimen: EEAs (transcribriform, transtuberculum, and transplanum), anterior MTAs (transfrontal sinus interhemispheric, frontobasal interhemispheric, and subfrontal with unilateral and bilateral frontal craniotomy), and anterolateral MTAs (supraorbital, minipterional, pterional, and frontotemporal orbitozygomatic approach). An optic neuronavigation system and dedicated software (ApproachViewer, part of GTx-Eyes II—UHN) were used to quantify the working volume of each approach and extrapolate the exposure of different ACF regions. Mixed linear models with random intercepts were used for statistical analyses.

RESULTS:
EEAs offer a large and direct route to the midline region of ACF, whose most anterior structures (ie, crista galli, cribriform plate, and ethmoidal roof) are also well exposed by anterior MTAs, whereas deeper ones (ie, planum sphenoidale and tuberculum sellae) are also well exposed by anterolateral MTAs. The orbital roof region is exposed by both anterolateral and lateral MTAs. The posterolateral region (ie, sphenoid wing and optic canal) is well exposed by anterolateral MTAs.

CONCLUSION:
Anterior and anterolateral MTAs play a pivotal role in the exposure of most anterior and posterolateral ACF regions, respectively, whereas midline regions are well exposed by EEAs. Furthermore, certain anterolateral approaches may be most useful when involvement of the optic canal and nerves involvement are suspected.
Use of Spinal Anesthesia in Lower Thoracic Spine Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Wang Andy Y. , Liu Penny , Balonov Konstantin , Riesenburger Ron , Kryzanski James 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Spinal anesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia for patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery, and numerous reports have demonstrated its advantages. To the best of our knowledge, no group has specifically reported on the use of spinal anesthesia in thoracic-level spine surgeries because there is a hypothetical risk of injuring the conus medullaris at these levels. With the advantages of spinal anesthesia and the desire for many elderly patients to avoid general anesthesia, our group has uniquely explored the use of this modality on select patients with thoracic pathology requiring surgical intervention.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the feasibility of performing thoracic-level spinal surgeries under spinal anesthesia and report our experience with 3 patients.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review of medical records was undertaken, involving clinical notes, operative notes, and anesthesia records.

RESULTS:
Three spinal stenosis patients underwent thoracic laminectomy under spinal anesthesia. Two surgeries were performed at the T11-T12 level and 1 at the T12-L1 level. The average age was 82 years, average American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 3.3, and 1 identified as female. Two cases used hyperbaric 0.75% bupivacaine dissolved in dextrose, and 1 used isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine dissolved in water.

CONCLUSION:
Spinal anesthesia is feasible for thoracic-level spine procedures, even in elderly patients with comorbidities. We describe our cases and technique for safely achieving a thoracic level of analgesia, as well as discuss recommendations, adverse events, and considerations for the use of spinal anesthesia during lower thoracic-level spine operations.