bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standards of identity and imitation milk labeling
Authors: McFadden Brandon R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe stated motivation for identity standards is to protect consumers from misleading claims and reduce confusion. However, identity standards with little flexibility may increase consumer confusion while limiting the ability of firms to differentiate products. This study focuses on “imitation” labeling requirements for skim milk without added vitamins. Data were collected with two online surveys distributed to a population where litigation over the imitation labeling requirement occurred, Pennsylvania, and a more general population, U.S. Results indicate that labels with the word imitation would cause uncertainty or communicate that a product contains nondairy milk; labels that provided more context performed better.
What we talk about when we talk about trauma: Content overlap and heterogeneity in the assessment of trauma exposure
Authors: Karstoft Karen‐Inge , Armour Chérie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe accurate definition and assessment of trauma exposure is the foundation for replicable studies of mental health problems following trauma exposure. However, scales developed to assess trauma exposure might vary widely in terms of item content; overlap; and specifications of trauma intensity, frequency, duration, and timing. We compared eight frequently used self‐report measures of trauma exposure to address content overlap and measurement heterogeneity. Combined, these measures assess 44 disparate exposures. Mean overlap across scales was moderate (M = 0.41, range: 0.25–0.48 across scales). Pairwise overlap between scales ranged from .19 to .59. We found 18 exposures (40.9%) that were included in one scale and three exposures (6.8%) that were included in all eight scales. Four of the included scales assess trauma frequency, five assess intensity or perceived danger, two assess duration, and four assess timing. The implications of measurement heterogeneity for clinical research as well as for comparability and replication of trauma‐related research are discussed.
CircPTK2 accelerates tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer by upregulating AKT2 expression via miR‐506‐3p
Authors: Gong Shuang‐Xi , Yang Feng‐Shuai , Qiu Dong‐Da 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the rapid increase in its incidence in the last decade, colorectal cancer (CRC) is becoming one of the most life‐threatening cancers. Circular RNA PTK2 (circPTK2) has multiple functions in oncogenesis, including in CRC. However, it remains elusive if circPTK2 also plays an important role in CRC malignancy. The levels of circPTK2, miR‐506‐3p, and AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 (AKT2) were measured by qPCR. The protein level of AKT2 was evaluated by western blotting assay. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cancer cells were evaluated by MTT, colony formation, wound‐healing, and transwell assays. The interaction between circPTK2 and miR‐506‐3p and between miR‐506‐3p and AKT2 mRNA were verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The expressions of circPTK2 and AKT2 were elevated in CRC cells, with a concomitant reduction of miR‐506‐3p. The knockdown of circPTK2 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. CircPTK2 targeted miR‐506‐3p and negatively regulated its expression. Furthermore, miR‐506‐3p overexpression suppressed the CRC progression by downregulating the AKT2 expression. AKT2 overexpression or miR‐506‐3p inhibition restored the suppression of growth and invasiveness of CRC cancer cells caused by circPTK2 silencing. The circPTK2/miR‐506‐3p/AKT2 axis plays a novel and essential role in promoting CRC progression, providing potential targets for CRC therapeutic modality.
Reconstruction of the Obliterated Eustachian Tube: A Pilot Case Series
Authors: Toivonen Joonas , Poe Dennis 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and early efficacy of a procedure for reconstruction of the obliterated Eustachian tube (ET).Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsPatients with total obliteration of the cartilaginous ET, with intractable mucoid effusion causing repeated occlusion of tympanostomy tubes were included. Patients underwent endoscopic transnasal/transoral reconstruction of the obliterated ET using transtympanic illuminated guidewire guidance. A temporary stent (angiocatheter filled with bonewax) was placed to maintain patency while healing. In four cases an additional steroid‐eluting propel stent was placed in the ET orifice. Main outcome measures were otomicroscopy results, absence of middle ear effusion, and nasopharyngoscopy showing patency of the ET orifice.ResultsNine ETs (seven patients), ages 17–68 years (mean 37.9) underwent ET reconstruction. Follow‐up ranged from 4 to 56 months (mean 30.9 months). 89% of operated ears had no effusion at last follow‐up. Two patients (three Eustachian tubes) underwent successful reoperation. There were no complications directly related to the procedure. Etiologies of obliteration included scarring after sinus surgery, obstruction after maxillo‐mandibular advancement surgery (two patients), bullous pemphigus, gunshot trauma, and previous patulous obliteration (two patients).ConclusionsComplete occlusion of the cartilaginous ET can be associated with intractable mucoid effusion; endoscopic examination should be considered in such cases. In this pilot study, ET reconstruction was found to be a safe and possibly effective procedure in patients with total obliteration of the ET from various etiologies. Larger studies with long term follow up are indicated.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:1970–1975, 2023
The Protective Efficacy of Hesperidin and Thymol on Radiation‐Induced Submandibular Gland Damage
Authors: Sakat Muhammed Sedat , Kılıç Korhan , Sahin Abdulkadir , Kiziltunc Ozmen Hilal , Yıldırım Serkan , Egilmez Esra 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to employ biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods to reveal the effectiveness of hesperidin and thymol in preventing radiotherapy‐associated submandibular gland injury.MethodsA total of 48 female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups of eight animals each. Group 1 represented the control group. Group 2 was regarded as hesperidin Group, and the rats received only hesperidin. Group 3 was regarded as thymol Group, and the rats received only thymol. Group 4 was regarded as a Radiotherapy Group, and the rats were exposed to radiotherapy at a dose of 15 Gy. Group 5 was regarded as hesperidin + Radiotherapy Group, and rats received hesperidin at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 1 week prior to radiotherapy exposition. Group 6 was regarded as thymol + Radiotherapy Group, and rats received thymol at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 1 week prior to radiotherapy exposition. Rats were sacrificed after radiotherapy and submandibular glands were dissected for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations.ResultsWe have shown that, thanks to their strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, hesperidin and thymol minimize the damage caused by radiation toxicity by decreasing oxidant levels and increasing antioxidant enzyme levels in the submandibular gland. We found that thymol showed more protective activity than hesperidin in terms of effectiveness on radiation toxicity.ConclusionHesperidin and thymol exhibit histopathological, immunochemical, and biochemical protection against radiation‐related submandibular gland injury. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature in this field.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:1885–1892, 2023
Flow‐dependent zinc corrosion in boric acid‐containing electrolytes
Authors: Harm Ulrich , Kryk Holger , Hampel Uwe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent research concerning zinc dissolution studies in boric acid electrolytes, it was shown that moderate variations of the fluid temperatures or the boric acid concentration only cause small changes (<10%) in resulting initial zinc corrosion rates. A stronger dependency was found, however, on the fluid flow. Thus, a series of electrochemical measurements were carried out using a rotating disc electrode (zinc) in boric acid electrolytes for a better understanding of influencing parameters on the zinc corrosion rates. The main results of these electrochemical polarization experiments (e.g., Tafel plots) showed similar dependencies of the zinc corrosion rates as described in the aforementioned zinc dissolution experiments. The zinc corrosion process strongly depends on the mass transfer limitation of the dissolved oxygen to the zinc surface (cathodic process). Increased rotation speeds (higher flow rates) lead to extensively enhanced current densities (corrosion rates) and the extrapolation to infinite high rotation speeds (Levich extrapolation) was used to describe the corresponding corrosion process without transfer limitations.
Materials and Manufacturing Methods for EWOD Devices: Current Status and Sustainability Challenges
Authors: Caro‐Pérez Oriol , Casals‐Terré Jasmina , Roncero Maria Blanca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectrowetting‐on‐dielectric (EWOD) devices have proven to be effective tools for precise microfluidic manipulation or in liquid lenses that surpass conventional solid lenses in versatility. However, the fabrication of these devices presents many challenges, such as their scalability or the growing concern on their environmental impact due to materials used in their fabrication. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the materials currently used in the fabrication of EWOD devices and the characteristics they must meet. In addition, a discussion of future challenges in the fabrication of EWOD devices is presented, in particular the environmental problems presented by some of the materials currently in use.
Inferring kinase activity from phosphoproteomic data: Tool comparison and recent applications
Authors: Piersma Sander R. , Valles‐Marti Andrea , Rolfs Frank , Pham Thang V. , Henneman Alex A. , Jiménez Connie R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAberrant cellular signaling pathways are a hallmark of cancer and other diseases. One of the most important signaling mechanisms involves protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Protein phosphorylation is catalyzed by protein kinases, and over 530 protein kinases have been identified in the human genome. Aberrant kinase activity is one of the drivers of tumorigenesis and cancer progression and results in altered phosphorylation abundance of downstream substrates. Upstream kinase activity can be inferred from the global collection of phosphorylated substrates. Mass spectrometry‐based phosphoproteomic experiments nowadays routinely allow identification and quantitation of >10k phosphosites per biological sample. This substrate phosphorylation footprint can be used to infer upstream kinase activities using tools like Kinase Substrate Enrichment Analysis (KSEA), Posttranslational Modification Substrate Enrichment Analysis (PTM‐SEA), and Integrative Inferred Kinase Activity Analysis (INKA). Since the topic of kinase activity inference is very active with many new approaches reported in the past 3 years, we would like to give an overview of the field. In this review, an inventory of kinase activity inference tools, their underlying algorithms, statistical frameworks, kinase‐substrate databases, and user‐friendliness is presented. The most widely‐used tools are compared in‐depth. Subsequently, recent applications of the tools are described focusing on clinical tissues and hematological samples. Two main application areas for kinase activity inference tools can be discerned. (1) Maximal biological insights can be obtained from large data sets with group comparisons using multiple complementary tools (e.g., PTM‐SEA and KSEA or INKA). (2) In the oncology context where personalized treatment requires analysis of single samples, INKA for example, has emerged as tool that can prioritize actionable kinases for targeted inhibition.
Development of mass spectrometric glycan characterization tags using acid‐base chemistry and/or free radical chemistry
Authors: Murtada Rayan , Finn Shane , Gao Jinshan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite recent advances in glycomics, glycan characterization still remains an analytical challenge. Accordingly, numerous glycan‐tagging reagents with different chemistries were developed, including those involving acid‐base chemistry and/or free radical chemistry. Acid‐base chemistry excels at dissociating glycans into their constituent components in a systematic and predictable manner to generate cleavages at glycosidic bonds. Glycans are also highly susceptible to depolymerization by free radical processes, which is supported by results observed from electron‐activated dissociation techniques. Therefore, the free radical activated glycan sequencing (FRAGS) reagent was developed so as to possess the characteristics of both acid‐base and free radical chemistry, thus generating information‐rich glycosidic bond and cross‐ring cleavages. Alternatively, the free radical processes can be induced via photodissociation of the specific carbon‐iodine bond which gives birth to similar fragmentation patterns as the FRAGS reagent. Furthermore, the methylated‐FRAGS (Me‐FRAGS) reagent was developed to eliminate glycan rearrangements by way of a fixed charged as opposed to a labile proton, which would otherwise yield additional, yet unpredictable, fragmentations including internal residue losses or multiple external residue losses. Lastly, to further enhance glycan enrichment and characterization, solid‐support FRAGS was developed.
Iron‐based coupling media for MRI‐guided ultrasound surgery
Authors: Allen Steven P. , Fergusson Austin , Edsall Connor , Chen Sheng , Moore David , Vlaisavljevich Eli , Davis Richey M. , Meyer Craig H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeIn this study, we examine the effects of a recently developed, iron‐based coupling medium (IBCM) on guidance magnetic resonance (MR) scans during transcranial, magnetic‐resonance‐guided, focused ultrasound surgery (tMRgFUS) procedures. More specifically, this study tests the hypotheses that the use of the IBCM will (a) not adversely affect image quality, (b) remove aliasing from small field‐of‐view scans, and (c) decouple image quality from the motion state of the coupling fluid.MethodsAn IBCM, whose chemical synthesis and characterization are reported elsewhere, was used as a coupling medium during tMRgFUS procedures on gel phantoms. Guidance magnetization‐prepared rapid‐gradient‐echo (MP‐RAGE), TSE, and GRE scans were acquired with fields of view of 28 and 18 cm. Experiments were repeated with the IBCM in several distinct flow states. GRE scans were used to estimate temperature time courses as a gel target was insonated. IBCM performance was measured by computing (i) the root mean square difference (RMSD) of TSE and GRE pixel values acquired using water and the IBCM, relative to the use of water; (ii) through‐time temperature uncertainty for GRE scans; and (iii) Bland–Altman analysis of the temperature time courses. Finally, guidance TSE and GRE scans of a human volunteer were acquired during a separate sham tMRgFUS procedure. As a control, all experiments were repeated using a water coupling medium.ResultsUse of the IBCM reduced RMSD in TSE scans by a factor of 4 or more for all fields of view and nonstationary motion states, but did not reduce RMSD estimates in MP‐RAGE scans. With the coupling media in a stationary state, the IBCM altered estimates of temperature uncertainty relative to the use of water by less than 0.2°C. However, with a high flow state, the IBCM reduced temperature uncertainties by the statistically significant amounts (at the 0.01 level) of 0.5°C (28 cm field of view) and 5°C (18 cm field of view). Bland–Altman analyses found a 0.1°C ± 0.5°C difference between temperature estimates acquired using water and the IBCM as coupling media. Finally, scans of a human volunteer using the IBCM indicate more conspicuous grey/white matter contrast, a reduction in aliasing, and a less than 0.2°C change in temperature uncertainty.ConclusionsThe use of an IBCM during tMRgFUS procedures does not adversely affect image quality for TSE and GRE scans, can decouple image quality from the motion state of the coupling fluid, and can remove aliasing from scans where the field of view is set to be much smaller than the spatial extent of the coupling fluid.
Mitigating the impact of flip angle and orientation dependence in single compartment R2* estimates via 2‐pool modeling
Authors: Milotta Giorgia , Corbin Nadège , Lambert Christian , Lutti Antoine , Mohammadi Siawoosh , Callaghan Martina F. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe effective transverse relaxation rate () is influenced by biological features that make it a useful means of probing brain microstructure. However, confounding factors such as dependence on flip angle (α) and fiber orientation with respect to the main field () complicate interpretation. The α‐ and ‐dependence stem from the existence of multiple sub‐voxel micro‐environments (e.g., myelin and non‐myelin water compartments). Ordinarily, it is challenging to quantify these sub‐compartments; therefore, neuroscientific studies commonly make the simplifying assumption of a mono‐exponential decay obtaining a single estimate per voxel. In this work, we investigated how the multi‐compartment nature of tissue microstructure affects single compartment estimates.MethodsWe used 2‐pool (myelin and non‐myelin water) simulations to characterize the bias in single compartment estimates. Based on our numeric observations, we introduced a linear model that partitions into α‐dependent and α‐independent components and validated this in vivo at 7T. We investigated the dependence of both components on the sub‐compartment properties and assessed their robustness, orientation dependence, and reproducibility empirically.Results increased with myelin water fraction and residency time leading to a linear dependence on α. We observed excellent agreement between our numeric and empirical results. Furthermore, the α‐independent component of the proposed linear model was robust to the choice of α and reduced dependence on fiber orientation, although it suffered from marginally higher noise sensitivity.ConclusionWe have demonstrated and validated a simple approach that mitigates flip angle and orientation biases in single‐compartment estimates.
Ultra‐short T2 components imaging of the whole brain using 3D dual‐echo UTE MRI with rosette k‐space pattern
Authors: Shen Xin , Özen Ali Caglar , Sunjar Antonia , Ilbey Serhat , Sawiak Stephen , Shi Riyi , Chiew Mark , Emir Uzay 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to develop a new 3D dual‐echo rosette k‐space trajectory, specifically designed for UTE MRI applications. The imaging of the ultra‐short transverse relaxation time (uT2) of brain was acquired to test the performance of the proposed UTE sequence.Theory and MethodsThe rosette trajectory was developed based on rotations of a “petal‐like” pattern in the kx–ky plane, with oscillated extensions in the kz‐direction for 3D coverage. Five healthy volunteers underwent 10 dual‐echo 3D rosette UTE scans with various TEs. Dual‐exponential complex model fitting was performed on the magnitude data to separate uT2 signals, with the output of uT2 fraction, uT2 value, and long‐T2 value.ResultsThe 3D rosette dual‐echo UTE sequence showed better performance than a 3D radial UTE acquisition. More significant signal intensity decay in white matter than gray matter was observed along with the TEs. The white matter regions had higher uT2 fraction values than gray matter (10.9% ± 1.9% vs. 5.7% ± 2.4%). The uT2 value was approximately 0.10 ms in white matter .ConclusionThe higher uT2 fraction value in white matter compared to gray matter demonstrated the ability of the proposed sequence to capture rapidly decaying signals.
Model‐based determination of the synchronization delay between MRI and trajectory data
Authors: Dubovan Paul Ioan , Baron Corey Allan 
Published: September 2022

PurposeReal‐time monitoring of dynamic magnetic fields has recently become a commercially available option for measuring MRI k‐space trajectories and magnetic fields induced by eddy currents in real time. However, for accurate image reconstructions, sub‐microsecond synchronization between the MRI data and field dynamics (ie, k‐space trajectory plus other spatially varying fields) is required. In this work, we introduce a new model‐based algorithm to automatically perform this synchronization using only the MRI data and field dynamics.MethodsThe algorithm works by enforcing consistency among the MRI data, field dynamics, and receiver sensitivity profiles by iteratively alternating between convex optimizations for (a) the image and (b) the synchronization delay. A healthy human subject was scanned at 7 T using a transmit‐receive coil with integrated field probes using both single‐shot spiral and EPI, and reconstructions with various synchronization delays were compared with the result of the proposed algorithm. The accuracy of the algorithm was also investigated using simulations, in which the acquisition delays for simulated acquisitions were determined using the proposed algorithm and compared with the known ground truth.ResultsIn the in vivo scans, the proposed algorithm minimized artifacts related to synchronization delay for both spiral and EPI acquisitions, and the computation time required was less than 30 s. The simulations demonstrated accuracy to within tens of nanoseconds.ConclusionsThe proposed algorithm can automatically determine synchronization delays between MRI data and field dynamics measured using a field probe system.
Actual experience of the training effect of Baduanjin on patients with hemiplegic limb dysfunctions after cerebral infarction: A qualitative study
Authors: Liao Yan‐tan , Zheng Qing‐Xiang , Huang Ping‐ping , Xie Qiu‐lin , Wang Guan‐dong , Lai Yu‐ting , Jiang Xin‐yong , Ge Li 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the actual experience of training effect of Baduanjin on patients with hemiplegic limb dysfunctions after cerebral infarction through semistructured interviews and promote Baduanjin training application in clinical and community settings.DesignThis qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis approach.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with hemiplegic limb dysfunctions after cerebral infarction were recruited as participants by applying purposive sampling method between September 2017–December 2020 in the physical therapy department of a rehabilitation hospital affiliated with Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China. Semistructured interviews were conducted after patients participated in Baduanjin training for 6 weeks. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis method of Graneheim and Lundman.ResultsThree major themes were identified after analysis, namely improving functions of hemiplegic limbs, improving the condition of the entire body and the feelings of practice. The participants indicated that Baduanjin could improve the limb functions and general conditions of hemiplegic patients. Their experience in practicing Baduanjin was generally positive, and they were willing to continue practicing.