bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unconventional way out—Egress of HCMV through multiviral bodies
Authors: Wedemann Linda , Flomm Felix J. , Bosse Jens B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus and the leading cause of congenital disabilities as well as a significant cause of disease in immunocompromised patients. The envelopment and egress of HCMV particles is an essential step of the viral life cycle as it determines viral spread and potentially tropism. Here we review the current literature on HCMV envelopment and egress with a particular focus on the role of virus‐containing multivesicular body‐like vesicles for virus egress and spread. We discuss the difficulties of determining the cellular provenance of these structures in light of viral redistribution of cellular marker proteins and provide potential paths to illuminate their genesis. Finally, we discuss how divergent egress pathways could result in virions of different tropisms.
Hurricanes increase tropical forest vulnerability to drought
Authors: Smith‐Martin Chris M. , Muscarella Robert , Ankori‐Karlinsky Roi , Delzon Sylvain , Farrar Samuel L. , Salva‐Sauri Melissa , Thompson Jill , Zimmerman Jess K. , Uriarte María 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Rapid changes in climate and disturbance regimes, including droughts and hurricanes, are likely to influence tropical forests, but our understanding of the compound effects of disturbances on forest ecosystems is extremely limited. Filling this knowledge gap is necessary to elucidate the future of these ecosystems under a changing climate.

We examined the relationship between hurricane response (damage, mortality, and resilience) and four hydraulic traits of 13 dominant woody species in a wet tropical forest subject to periodic hurricanes.

Species with high resistance to embolisms (low P50 values) and higher safety margins () were more resistant to immediate hurricane mortality and breakage, whereas species with higher hurricane resilience (rapid post‐hurricane growth) had high capacitance and P50 values and low . During 26 yr of post‐hurricane recovery, we found a decrease in community‐weighted mean values for traits associated with greater drought resistance (leaf turgor loss point, P50, ) and an increase in capacitance, which has been linked with lower drought resistance.

Hurricane damage favors slow‐growing, drought‐tolerant species, whereas post‐hurricane high resource conditions favor acquisitive, fast‐growing but drought‐vulnerable species, increasing forest productivity at the expense of drought tolerance and leading to higher overall forest vulnerability to drought.
A framework for analyzing organizational culture among politicians: Exploring implications for participatory governance schemes
Authors: Vabo Signy Irene , Winsvold Marte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we develop a theoretical framework for investigating how organizational culture relates to the roles of elected representatives. Based on Douglas's grid and group logic, our framework evaluates two cultural dimensions, negotiability and conflictuality, upon which these roles depend. The negotiability dimension describes elected representatives' roles from a strictly hierarchical and bounded notion of how politics should be handled to a horizontal and inclusive notion. The conflictuality dimension considers politics as confrontation versus a deliberative consensus‐oriented way of handling political issues. By investigating a participatory governance measure called “task committees”, we examine how the framework functions empirically. Our analysis shows how different aspects of organizational culture are reflected in councilors' interpretations of and practices related to this interactive participatory governance scheme and illuminates the implications of organizational culture for the use of such schemes.
“It's not right”: Nurse perspectives on rural hospital closures: A qualitative study
Authors: Smith Jessica G. , Brown Kyrah K. , Hutchings Melynda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective(s)Despite providing lifesaving care, 106 rural hospitals have closed in the United States since 2010. Although the role of rural hospital nursing is central, limited information is available about closures from a nursing lens. The purpose was to describe rural hospital closure contributors, processes, and outcomes from the perspective of licensed rural nurses in a hospital during its closure.DesignThis cross‐sectional study used a retrospective, qualitative design grounded in subjective epistemology.SamplePurposive, snowball sampling was used to recruit ten participants from two rural hospitals that closed in Texas between 2014–2015. Sample size was sufficient and comparable to prior rural nursing research.MeasurementsBetween July 2020 and February 2021, participants completed online demographic questionnaires and semi‐structured interviews.ResultsThematic analysis yielded six themes and 16 subthemes. The themes are presented in three main components: pre‐closure, closure process and dynamics, and closure impacts. According to nurses, pre‐closure contextual factors can influence closure dynamics. Nurses also reported perceived long‐term impacts after closure.ConclusionBeyond financial explanations, community politics and organizational characteristics can contribute to rural closure processes and outcomes from the nursing lens. Policies are needed to address modifiable factors contributing to closures and to create sustainable rural care models.
Understorey light quality affects leaf pigments and leaf phenology in different plant functional types
Authors: Brelsford Craig C. , Trasser Marieke , Paris Tom , Hartikainen Saara M. , Robson T. Matthew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractForest understorey plants receive most sunlight in springtime before canopy closure, and in autumn following leaf‐fall. We hypothesised that plant species must adjust their phenological and photoprotective strategies in response to large changes in the spectral composition of the sunlight they receive. Here, we identified how plant species growing in northern deciduous and evergreen forest understoreys differ in their response to blue light and ultraviolet (UV) radiation according to their functional strategy. We installed filters in a forest understorey in southern Finland, to create the following treatments attenuating: UV radiation below 350 nm, all UV radiation (< 400 nm), all blue light and UV radiation (< 500 nm), and a transparent control. In eight species, representing different functional strategies, we assessed leaf optical properties, phenology, and epidermal flavonoid contents over two years. Blue light accelerated leaf senescence in all species measured in the understorey, apart from Quercus robur seedlings, whereas UV radiation only accelerated leaf senescence in Acer platanoides seedlings. More light‐demanding species accumulated flavonols in response to seasonal changes in light quality compared to shade‐tolerant and wintergreen species and were particularly responsive to blue light. Reduction of blue and UV radiation under shade reveals an important role for microclimatic effects on autumn phenology and leaf photoprotection. An extension of canopy cover under climate change, and its associated suppression of understorey blue light and UV radiation, may delay leaf senescence for understorey species with an autumn niche.
Multivariate quantiles with both overall and directional probability interpretation
Authors: Hlubinka Daniel , Kotík Lukáš , Šiman Miroslav 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe article introduces multivariate quantiles (or reference regions) that have both overall and directional probability interpretation and need not be necessarily convex. They are defined by means of univariate conditional quantiles along the rays starting at a suitable central point. Their basic properties are investigated, their sample estimators and regression extensions are proposed, and their use is illustrated with both simulated and real data.
SvSTL1 in the large subunit family of ribonucleotide reductases plays a major role in chloroplast development of Setaria viridis
Authors: Li Huanying , Li Lin , Wu Weichen , Wang Fei , Zhou Fei , Lin Yongjun 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYRibonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential enzymes in DNA synthesis. However, little is known about the RNRs in plants. Here, we identified a svstl1 mutant from the self‐created ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant library of Setaria viridis. The mutant leaves exhibited a bleaching phenotype at the heading stage. Paraffin section analysis showed the destruction of the C4 Kranz anatomy. Transmission electron microscopy results further demonstrated the severely disturbed development of some chloroplasts. MutMap analysis revealed that the SvSTL1 gene is the primary candidate, encoding a large subunit of RNRs. Complementation experiments confirmed that SvSTL1 is responsible for the phenotype of svstl1. There are two additional RNR large subunit homologs in S. viridis, SvSTL2 and SvSTL3. To further understand the functions of these three RNR large subunit genes, a series of mutants were generated via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In striking contrast to the finding that all three SvSTLs interact with the RNR small subunit, the phenotype varied along with the copies of chloroplast genome among different svstl single mutants: the svstl1 mutant exhibited pronounced chloroplast development and significantly fewer copies of the chloroplast genome than the svstl2 or svstl3 single mutants. These results suggested that SvSTL1 plays a major role in the optimal function of RNRs and is essential for chloroplast development. Furthermore, through the analysis of double and triple mutants, the study provides new insights into the finely tuned coordination among SvSTLs to maintain normal chloroplast development in the emerging C4 model plant S. viridis.
Age‐ and sex‐related changes in body weights and clinical pathology analytes in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis) of Mauritius origin
Authors: Li Xiantang , Li Dingzhou , Biddle Kathleen E. , Portugal Susan S. , Li Mark R. , Santos Rosemary , Burkhardt John E. , Khan Nasir K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical pathology and body weight information for the cynomolgus monkey in the literature is primarily derived from a small number of animals with limited age ranges, varying geographic origins, and mixed genders.ObjectivesThis study aimed to summarize the age‐ and sex‐related changes in clinical pathology analytes and body weights in cynomolgus monkeys of Mauritian origin.MethodsPre‐study age and body weight data were reviewed in 1819 animals, and pre‐study hematologic, coagulation, and serum biochemical analytes were reviewed in 1664 animals.ResultsBody weights were statistically higher (P < 0.01) in males than females in all age groups (2–10 years). These measurements became prominent after 4 years of age and peaked at 7 to 8 years of age in both sexes. Sex‐related differences were noted in reticulocyte (RETIC) counts, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities. Age‐related differences were noted in RETIC and lymphocyte counts, creatinine, triglyceride, phosphorus, and globulin concentrations, and ALP and GGT activities. The youngest (2 to <3 year) age group had the fewest number of clinical pathologic analyte differences including ALP and GGT activity differences which occurred in all age groups from 2 to 10 years; they also had age‐related lower globulin concentrations. There were no age‐ or sex‐related differences in coagulation measurands.ConclusionsSexual dimorphism in body weight was apparent for all ages from 2 to 10 years of age. The only difference in clinical pathology analytes unique to the 2 to <3 years of age group were age‐related lower globulin levels.
Red blood cell alloimmunization among recipients of blood transfusion in India: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shastry Shamee , Chenna Deepika , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh , Das Soumya , Chaudhary Rajendra K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is a varied prevalence of red cell alloimmunization being reported from different parts of India. This study aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of alloimmunization in India by performing a systematic review of the literature and to establish the most suitable antigen‐matching strategy to reduce the red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization rate among transfusion recipients.Materials and MethodsA systematic search of all the original articles published in English on RBC alloimmunization among transfusion recipients from India in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL and Google Scholar bibliographic databases was conducted. After screening the articles as per inclusion/exclusion criteria, data extraction was done independently by two sets of investigators. Meta‐analysis was performed by the binary random‐effects model using the restricted maximum likelihood method.ResultsA total of 44 studies on RBC alloimmunization, with a cumulative sample size of 309,986 patients, were grouped into hospital‐based and multiply‐transfused patients, which yielded a prevalence of 0.5 (95% confidence interval; 0.3–0.8) and 4.8 (95% confidence interval; 3.9–5.7) per 100 patients, respectively. As many as 1992 alloantibodies were identified among the 1846 alloimmunized patients. The most common antibody identified was anti‐E (127; 31.99%), followed by anti‐c (75; 18.89%) in multiply‐transfused patients.ConclusionThe rate of alloimmunization was 0.5 per 100 patients tested for antibodies and 4.8 per 100 patients receiving transfusion. Considering E‐ and c‐antigen‐matched red cells along with ABO and RhD matching may significantly reduce the overall occurrence of alloimmunization among Indian population who are transfusion‐dependent.
Model-Based Engine Control
Authors: Zhu Guoming (George) , Chen Xiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on control-oriented engine modeling and model-based engine control techniques. The engine modeling research is centered on the engine combustion process. Multi-zone, three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, with detailed chemical kinetics are able to precisely describe the thermodynamics, fluid and flow dynamics, heat transfer, and pollutant formation of the combustion process. The simplified one-dimensional combustion models have also been implemented into commercial codes such as GT-Power and Wave. However, these high fidelity models cannot be used for model-based control since they are too complicated to be used for real-time computing. Crank-resolved engine air handling system modeling is also important for describing the in-cylinder charge-mixing process. Therefore, for model-based control and real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations, it is necessary to have a crank-resolved engine model with its complexity intermediate between the time-based mean-value and one-dimensional CFD models.
Automatic Design of Dielectric Elastomer-Based Crawling Robots Using Shape and Topology Optimization
Authors: Chen Bicheng , Wang Nianfeng , Wang Rixin , Zhu Benliang , Zhang Xianmin , Sun Wenjie , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer-based crawling robots can utilize a voltage-induced deformation to achieve prescribed crawling movements. Although a rich repertoire of robots have been proposed with various design schemes, developing the logic and a unified methodology is hard. This work designs inchworm-inspired crawling robots based on computational optimization. An improved shape and topology optimization method is developed using a fat B-spline curve to generate a stable frame for the dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). An optimization framework is proposed, and the updating algorithm is assessed with a sensitivity analysis. The leg-DEA and abdomen-DEA of the crawling robot are modeled and designed automatically with iterations implemented in finite element simulation. An optimization soft crawling robot was fabricated and tested, which can move smoothly along the ground.
Early Eocene Diatoms and Silicoflagellates of the Cis-Donets Monocline (Russian Plate): Biostratigraphical and Paleogeographical Approaches
Authors: Oreshkina T. V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The diatom assemblage of the Veshenskaya Formation studied in the borehole P-321 of the Cis-Donets monocline (southern part of the Russian Plate) is assigned to the lower Ypresian Moisseevia uralensis Zone. According to the available data, this zone corresponds to the Deflandrea oebisfeldensis and Dracodinium (=Wetzeliella) astra dinocyst zones and, accordingly, to the nanoplankton NP10 Zone. The presence of the zonal silicoflagellate species Naviculopsis foliacea confirms the Early Eocene age of the Veshenskaya Formation. The taxonomic similarity of diatoms and silicoflagellates of the region under consideration with silicofossil assemblages of Northern Europe suggests a stable link between these paleobasins at the beginning of the Early Eocene.
Health workforce supply, needs and financial feasibility in Lesotho: a labour market analysis
Authors: Asamani James Avoka , Zurn Pascal , Pitso Palesa , Mothebe Mathapelo , Moalosi Nthabiseng , Malieane Thabo , Bustamante Izquierdo Juana Paola , Zbelo Mesfin G , Hlabana Albert Mohlakola , Humuza James , Ahmat Adam , Okoroafor Sunny C , Nabyonga-Orem Juliet , Nyoni Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe Government of Lesotho has prioritised health investment that aims to improve the health and socioeconomic development of the country, including the scaling up of the health workforce (HWF) training and improving their working conditions. Following a health labour market analysis, the paper highlights the available stock of health workers in Lesotho's health labour market, 10-year projected supply versus needs and the financial implications.MethodsMultiple complementary approaches were used to collect data and analyse the HWF situation and labour market dynamics. These included a scooping assessment, desk review, triangulation of different data sources for descriptive analysis and modelling of the HWF supply, need and financial space.FindingsLesotho had about 20 942 active health workers across 18 health occupations in 2020, mostly community health workers (69%), nurses and midwives (17.9%), while medical practitioners were 2%. Almost one out of three professional nurses and midwives (28.43%) were unemployed, and nearly 20% of associate nurse professionals, 13.26% of pharmacy technicians and 24.91% of laboratory technicians were also unemployed. There were 20.73 doctors, nurses and midwives per 10 000 population in Lesotho, and this could potentially increase to a density of 31.49 doctors, nurses and midwives per 10 000 population by 2030 compared with a need of 46.72 per 10 000 population by 2030 based on projected health service needs using disease burden and evolving population size and demographics. The existing stock of health workers covered only 47% of the needs and could improve to 55% in 2030. The financial space for the HWF employment was roughly US$40.94 million in 2020, increasing to about US$66.69 million by 2030. In comparison, the cost of employing all health workers already in the supply pipeline (in addition to the currently employed ones) was estimated to be US$61.48 million but could reach US$104.24 million by 2030. Thus, a 33% gap is apparent between the financial space and what is required to guarantee employment for all health workers in the supply pipeline.ConclusionLesotho’s HWF stock falls short of its population health need by 53%. The unemployment of some cadres is, however, apparent. Addressing the need requires increasing the HWF budget by at least 12.3% annually up to 2030 or prioritising at least 33% of its recurrent health expenditure to the HWF.
Implementation of a community-based referral project to improve access to emergency obstetric and newborn care in Rohingya population during COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Barua Mrittika , Saha Avijit , Chowdhury Srizan , Chowdhury Sayantan , Sajow Stenly Hely , Sarker Malabika 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe delay in seeking emergency obstetric care leads to significant maternal morbidity and mortality and can worsen during pandemics, especially in humanitarian conflict settings with low uptake of obstetric services. To mitigate the challenges related to the second delay caused by lack of transport in the COVID-19 pandemic, the organisation United Nations Population Fund implements a community-based referral project called Referral Hub in the Rohingya refugee population in Bangladesh. The objective of the paper is to describe the implementation process of the Referral hub and present clients’ utilisation and perception of the service.MethodsFindings from part of a larger mixed-method study, the analysis of the standard operating protocol of the intervention, secondary data of routine utilisation of the 12 referral hubs between January and August 2020, 21 key informant interviews and a community survey among 100 pregnant women are presented in this paper.ResultsThe findings show an increasing trend in the referral hub utilisation and a strong recommendation of the service.ConclusionDue to a robust referral mechanism by collaborating with the community and engaging accessible and free of cost transport service, the intervention has high potential to improve access to facility care in low-resource and humanitarian contexts, especially during pandemics.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in men with prostate cancer compared with men in the general population: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Balabanova Yanina , Farahmand Bahman , Garmo Hans , Stattin Pär , Brobert Gunnar 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the additional risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in men with prostate cancer compared with men without prostate cancer in Sweden.DesignNationwide cohort study following 92 105 men with prostate cancer and 466 241 men without prostate cancer (comparison cohort) matched 5:1 by birth year and residential region.SettingThe male general population of Sweden (using the Nationwide Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden).Primary and secondary outcome measuresCrude incidence proportion ratios (IPRs) comparing the incidence of VTE in men with prostate cancer and men in the comparison cohort. Cox regression was used to calculate HRs for VTE adjusted for confounders.Results2955 men with prostate cancer and 9774 men in the comparison cohort experienced a first VTE during a median of 4.5 years’ follow-up. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) accounted for 52% of VTE cases in both cohorts. Median time from start of follow-up to VTE was 2.5 years (IQR 0.9–4.7) in the prostate cancer cohort and 2.9 years (IQR 1.3–5.0) in the comparison cohort. Crude incidence rates of VTE per 1000 person-years were 6.54 (95% CI 6.31 to 6.78) in the prostate cancer cohort (n=2955 events) and 4.27 (95% CI 4.18 to 4.35) in the comparison cohort (n=9774 events). The IPR decreased from 2.53 (95% CI 2.26 to 2.83) at 6 months to 1.59 (95% CI 1.52 to 1.67) at 5 years’ follow-up. Adjusted HRs were 1.48 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.57) for DVT and 1.47 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.56) for pulmonary embolism after adjustment for patient characteristics.ConclusionsSwedish men with prostate cancer had a mean 50% increased risk of VTE during the 5 years following their cancer diagnosis compared with matched men free of prostate cancer. Physicians should be mindful of this marked increase in VTE risk in men with prostate cancer to help ensure timely diagnosis.