bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependent optical properties of some mixtures nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Alipanah Zhila , Zakerhamidi Mohammad Sadegh , Ranjkesh Amid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe presence of optical anisotropy in liquid crystals (LCs) has caused these materials to have dual refractive indices: ordinary (no) and extra-ordinary (ne). Many fundamental information about LCs can be found by looking at these refractive indices. In this work, the refractive indices of four mixtures nematic liquid crystal (NLC) have been studied as a function of temperature, and the relevant functions were then calculated. Subsequently, the order parameter of mentioned LCs was determined using three methods: Vuks, Haller, and the effective geometry parameter method. It was concluded that the obtained values are not significantly different and exhibit the same temperature dependence. The obtained results were evaluated in relation to the approach utilized.
Empagliflozin mitigates endothelial inflammation and attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling caused by sustained glycocalyx disruption
Authors: Campeau Marc-Antoine , Leask Richard L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe disruption of the endothelial cell (EC) glycocalyx (GCX) leads to cellular dysfunction promoting inflammation and cardiovascular disease progression. Recent studies have shown that empagliflozin (EMPA; Jardiance), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can improve EC functions impacted by GCX disruption although the exact cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, the effect of EMPA on EC inflammatory response induced by sustained GCX disruption was investigated. Human aortic ECs were cultured under shear (10 dyne/cm2) for 24 h with or without sustained degradation of heparan sulfate (HS). HS degradation increased inflammatory cell adhesion to ECs. EMPA (50 μM) normalized adhesion levels under sustained HS degradation. Protein expressions of eNOS, phospho-eNOS Ser1177 and ICAM-1 remained unchanged between conditions. Transcriptome analysis revealed the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) through the increased expression of ATF3, ATF4, DDIT3 (CHOP), EIF2AK3 (PERK), HSPA5 (Grp78), PPP1R15A (GADD34) and TRIB3 which was in part downregulated by EMPA. mRNA and protein expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) was also downregulated by EMPA. Mitigation of oxidative stress with N-Acetyl-l-cysteine resulted in similar reduction in inflammatory cell adhesion compared to EMPA which could indicate a potential mechanism by which EMPA normalized the inflammatory response. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of EMPA to resolve the inflammatory response of ECs caused by sustained GCX disruption while altering UPR signaling under endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Agro-pastoralists’ perception of climate change and adaptation in the Qilian Mountains of northwest China
Authors: Xie Shuntao , Ding Wenguang , Ye Weifeng , Deng Zhe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobal climate change affects all aspects of human society, especially agricultural and animal husbandry production. Northwest China has been detrimentally affected by the climatic variations due to its high exposure to extreme climatic events. A number of studies have reported agro-pastoralists’ perceptions and adaptation responses to climate change, but the current knowledge of agro-pastoralists’ perceptions of climate change in China are insufficient. To fill this research gap, this study aims to investigate the perception level of agro-pastoralists in Northwest China on climate change and related factors. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on household surveys of 554 study participants in four counties in Gansu Province, China. Raw data were collected using stratified random sampling. A probit model was used to analyze the respondents' understanding of climate change and its related socio-economic and demographic variables. Our results show that the majority of respondents were aware (70%) of the changes in temperature and precipitation. Socioeconomic and demographic variables such as gender, farming experience, education level, cultivated land size, agricultural income, livestock, village cadre experience, access to weather information of agro-pastoralists are pertinently related to agro-pastoralists’ awareness of climate change. Farming experience, education level, household size, grassland size, agricultural income, association membership, village cadre experience has a high impact on agro-pastoralists' adaptation to climate change. The results of this study will help guide government agencies and decision makers, and help arid and semi-arid areas to build sustainable adaptation measures under the framework of climate change. The study recommends institutions targeting households’ livelihood improvement and making decisions concerning climate change adaptation need to focus on mass media and information technology, improving locally adapted extension services, improved irrigation, expand loan channels.
Microfluidic chip for precise trapping of single cells and temporal analysis of signaling dynamics
Authors: Sinha Nidhi , Yang Haowen , Janse David , Hendriks Luc , Rand Ulfert , Hauser Hansjörg , Köster Mario , van de Vosse Frans N. , de Greef Tom F. A. , Tel Jurjen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicrofluidic designs are versatile examples of technology miniaturisation that find their applications in various cell biology research, especially to investigate the influence of environmental signals on cellular response dynamics. Multicellular systems operate in intricate cellular microenvironments where environmental signals govern well-orchestrated and robust responses, the understanding of which can be realized with integrated microfluidic systems. In this study, we present a fully automated and integrated microfluidic chip that can deliver input signals to single and isolated suspension or adherent cells in a precisely controlled manner. In respective analyses of different single cell types, we observe, in real-time, the temporal dynamics of caspase 3 activation during DMSO-induced apoptosis in single cancer cells (K562) and the translocation of STAT-1 triggered by interferon γ (IFNγ) in single fibroblasts (NIH3T3). Our investigations establish the employment of our versatile microfluidic system in probing temporal single cell signaling networks where alternations in outputs uncover signal processing mechanisms.
Perceptual Classification of Motor Speech Disorders: The Role of Severity, Speech Task, and Listener's Expertise
Authors: Pernon Michaela , Assal Frédéric , Kodrasi Ina , Laganaro Marina 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The clinical diagnosis of motor speech disorders (MSDs) is mainly based on perceptual approaches. However, studies on perceptual classification of MSDs often indicate low classification accuracy. The aim of this study was to determine in a forced-choice dichotomous decision-making task (a) how accuracy of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in perceptually classifying apraxia of speech (AoS) and dysarthria is impacted by speech task, severity of MSD, and listener's expertise and (b) which perceptual features they use to classify.

Method:
Speech samples from 29 neurotypical speakers, 14 with hypokinetic dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease (HD), 10 with poststroke AoS, and six with mixed dysarthria associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MD-FlSp [combining flaccid and spastic dysarthria]), were classified by 20 expert SLPs and 20 student SLPs. Speech samples were elicited in spontaneous speech, text reading, oral diadochokinetic (DDK) tasks, and a sample concatenating text reading and DDK. For each recorded speech sample, SLPs answered three dichotomic questions following a diagnostic approach, (a) neurotypical versus pathological speaker, (b) AoS versus dysarthria, and (c) MD-FlSp versus HD, and a multiple-choice question on the features their decision was based on.

Results:
Overall classification accuracy was 72% with good interrater reliability, varying with SLP expertise, speech task, and MSD severity. Correct classification of speech samples was higher for speakers with dysarthria than for AoS and higher for HD than for MD-FlSp. Samples elicited with continuous speech reached the best classification rates. An average number of three perceptual features were used for correct classifications, and their type and combination differed between the three MSDs.

Conclusions:
The auditory-perceptual classification of MSDs in a diagnostic approach reaches substantial performance only in expert SLPs with continuous speech samples, albeit with lower accuracy for AoS. Specific training associated with objective classification tools seems necessary to improve recognition of neurotypical speech and distinction between AoS and dysarthria.
Lightweight target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv4
Authors: Wang Lili , Ni Qinghang , Chen Chen , Yang Hailu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTraditional YOLOv4 object detection network is difficult to be applied to mobile embedded devices because it has some deficiencies such as complex structure and too many parameters. In this paper, the authors propose a lightweight object detection algorithm. Firstly, Mobienetv3 is used to replace the original feature extraction network, and the Mish function is used to be the activation function, which reduces the number of model parameters. Secondly, the dilated convolution is used to replace the maximum pooling operation in the original spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) structure. Then, a custom Dcn‐Dw structure is used to replace the convolution operation in the original PANet, which improves the accuracy of the model for irregular object detection and reduces the model size. Finally, a CBAM lightweight attention mechanism module is introduced in front of the YOLO Head, which further improves the model accuracy. An experiment on the VOC2007 dataset is carried out, and the results show that the mean average precision (mAP) is 80.3% and frames per second (FPS) is 15. At the expense of 3% accuracy, the detection speed is increased to two to three times, and the model size is reduced to one‐fifth of the original model. The lightweight object detection algorithm can suit for real‐time detection tasks on resource‐constrained embedded devices.
Formation control for connected and automated vehicles on multi‐lane roads: Relative motion planning and conflict resolution
Authors: Cai Mengchi , Xu Qing , Chen Chaoyi , Wang Jiawei , Li Keqiang , Wang Jianqiang , Zhu Qianying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExisting research has revealed that multi‐vehicle coordinated decision making and control can achieve an improvement in both traffic efficiency and driving safety. In the multi‐lane scenarios, a typical coordination method is multi‐vehicle formation control. The existing formation control methods predefine the formation switching process and have not considered or explained the collision‐free behaviour of vehicles in detail. In this paper, a multi‐lane formation control strategy for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is proposed. The planning framework is bi‐level, which can switch the structure of multi‐vehicle formation in different scenarios smoothly and effectively. In the upper‐level, the relative coordinate system is built to plan the collision‐free relative paths for vehicles. In the lower‐level, multi‐stage trajectory planning and tracking are modelled as an optimal control problem with path constraints. The case study verifies the function of the formation control method in three lane‐number‐changing scenarios. Large‐scale simulations in the lane‐drop bottleneck scenario are conducted under different input traffic volumes, and the numerical results indicate that the proposed formation control method reduces congestion and improves both traffic efficiency and fuel economy at high traffic volumes.
Die Bronchialarterien – ein kleiner, aber lebenswichtiger Beitrag zur Lungenperfusion nach Lungentransplantation
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Hildebrandt Olaf , Conradt Regina , Koehler Julian , Hildebrandt Wulf 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Blutversorgung der Lunge besteht aus dem pulmonal- und dem bronchial-arteriellen System. Die bronchial-arteriellen Gefäße sind an der nutritiven Versorgung der kleinen Atemwege bis hin zu den terminalen Bronchiolen beteiligt. Zudem sind sie bedeutsam für die Regulation der Atemwegstemperatur, der -feuchtigkeit sowie der mukoziliären Clearance. Eine chronische Ischämie der kleinen Atemwege durch Verlust oder Verletzung der bronchial-arteriellen Versorgung erhöht das Risiko für eine Fibrosierung der kleinen Atemwege (obliterative Bronchiolitis), im Speziellen bei einer Lungentransplantation (LTx). Wenngleich sich die Überlebensrate nach LTx im Verlauf verbessert hat, ist sie noch immer deutlich schlechter als bei anderen Organtransplantationen mit einer 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate von 50 bis 60%. Es ist zu vermuten, dass eine bronchial-arterielle Revaskularisierung zum Zeitpunkt der LTx eine wichtige transplantaterhaltende Funktion hat.
Aktuelle Aspekte und Strategien zum Einsatz oraler Antikoagulantien
und Plättchenfunktionshemmer in der Praxis
Authors: Sucker Christoph , Dörner Thomas 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungAufgrund erhöhter venöser und arterieller Risiken und
Begleiterkrankungen bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind die
Grundprinzipien der adäquaten medikamentösen Behandlung auch von
Bedeutung in der rheumatologischen Praxis. Bei der oralen Antikoagulation haben
die innovativen Nicht-Vitamin K-abhängigen oralen Antikoagulanzien
(NOAK) die „klassischen“ Antikoagulanzien, die Vitamin
K-Antagonisten (VKA), in vielen Indikationen weitgehend verdrängt;
allerdings finden sich weiterhin Gründe, Patienten anstelle von NOAK mit
VKA zu antikoagulieren. Bei der medikamentösen Hemmung der
Plättchenfunktion werden neben ASS die Thienopyridine Clopidogrel und
Prasugrel sowie Ticagrelor eingesetzt; von besonderer Bedeutung ist eine duale
Plättchenfunktionshemmung (DAPT) mit Kombination verschiedener
Plättchenhemmer. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird auf wichtige
Aspekte der oralen Antikoagulation und der oralen
Plättchenfunktionshemmung eingegangen.
Psychische Störungen in deutschen pädiatrischen Praxen vor und während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Weber Kerstin , Kostev Karel , Bohlken Jens , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Feldstudien weisen auf eine reduzierte psychische Gesundheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen während der COVID-19-Pandemie hin. Untersucht wird, ob sich dies in der Zunahme diagnostizierter psychischer Störungen in pädiatrischen Praxen in der Pandemie widerspiegelt.
Methoden Datengrundlage: Kinder zwischen 2 und 17 Jahren, die mindestens einmal eine der 154 pädiatrischen Praxen (Disease Analyzer Datenbank/IQVIA) besuchten; deskriptive Analyse.
Ergebnisse 2020 und 2021 wurden im Vergleich zu den beiden Vorjahren signifikant mehr psychische Störungen diagnostiziert (chi2 p < 0,001). Ein Anstieg wurde besonders bei affektiven Störungen deutlich, obgleich dieser in der einzelnen Praxis mit einer durchschnittlichen Zunahme von 7 Patienten pro Praxis im Jahr gering ist.
Diskussion Die pandemieassoziierte Zunahme psychischer Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen spiegelt sich in den ärztlich diagnostizierten Fällen in pädiatrischen Praxen wider, ist jedoch zahlenmäßig in der einzelnen Praxis gering.
Comparison of Perioperative Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery—A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mishra Rajeeb K. , Sriganesh Kamath , Surve Rohini M. , Sangeetha R.P. , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Shashidhar Abhinith , Anju Janaki L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting for neurosurgery are not rare. Considering the lack of literature informing the outcomes in this subset, present study was conducted to compare perioperative management and postoperative outcomes between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 neurosurgical patients.
Methods After ethics committee approval, data of all patients with COVID-19 along with an equal number of age and diagnosis matched non-COVID-19 patients undergoing neurosurgery between April 2020 and January 2021 was analyzed retrospectively. Predictors of poor outcome were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results During the study period, 50 COVID-19 patients (28 laboratory confirmed (group-C) and 22 clinicoradiological diagnosed [group-CR]) underwent neurosurgery and were compared with 50 matched non-COVID-19 patients. Preoperatively, clinicoradiological diagnosed COVID-19 patients had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade (p = 0.01), lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (p < 0.001), and more pulmonary involvement (p = 0.004). The duration of intensive care unit stay was significantly longer in laboratory confirmed patients (p = 0.03). Poor clinical outcome (in-hospital mortality or discharge motor-GCS ≤ 5) did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.28). On univariate analysis, younger age, higher ASA grade, lower preoperative GCS, and motor-GCS, higher intraoperative blood and fluid administration and traumatic brain injury diagnosis were associated with poor outcome. On multivariable logistic regression. only lower preoperative motor-GCS remained the predictor of poor outcome.
Conclusions The concomitant presence of COVID-19 infection did not translate into poor outcome in patients undergoing neurosurgery. Preoperative motor-GCS predicted neurological outcome in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 neurosurgical patients.
RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition upstream of auxin biosynthesis
Authors: Li Lanxin , Chen Huihuang , Alotaibi Saqer S. , Pěnčík Aleš , Adamowski Maciek , Novák Ondřej , Friml Jiří 
Published: July 2022

Plant cell growth responds rapidly to various stimuli, adapting architecture to environmental changes. Two major endogenous signals regulating growth are the phytohormone auxin and the secreted peptides rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs). Both trigger very rapid cellular responses and also exert long-term effects [Du
et al., Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.
71, 379–402 (2020); Blackburn
et al., Plant Physiol.
182, 1657–1666 (2020)]. However, the way, in which these distinct signaling pathways converge to regulate growth, remains unknown. Here, using vertical confocal microscopy combined with a microfluidic chip, we addressed the mechanism of RALF action on growth. We observed correlation between RALF1-induced rapid
Arabidopsis thaliana
root growth inhibition and apoplast alkalinization during the initial phase of the response, and revealed that RALF1 reversibly inhibits primary root growth through apoplast alkalinization faster than within 1 min. This rapid apoplast alkalinization was the result of RALF1-induced net H
+
influx and was mediated by the receptor FERONIA (FER). Furthermore, we investigated the cross-talk between RALF1 and the auxin signaling pathways during root growth regulation. The results showed that RALF-FER signaling triggered auxin signaling with a delay of approximately 1 h by up-regulating auxin biosynthesis, thus contributing to sustained RALF1-induced growth inhibition. This biphasic RALF1 action on growth allows plants to respond rapidly to environmental stimuli and also reprogram growth and development in the long term.
The psychophysiology of narrating distressing experiences
Authors: Pasupathi Monisha , Wainryb Cecilia , Bourne Stacia , Mansfield Cade 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examined patterns of psychophysiological arousal related to remembering and narrating distressing events, as compared to arousal while engaged in positive and neutral recall tasks. Narrating distressing events entailed increased arousal relative to remembering those events. Analyses of combined data showed that aggregate arousal during narration was related to post-narration reports of distress and self-perceptions. These results support conceptions of narration as an effortful form of regulation, and suggest insights about the process through which narrative construction may promote psychological and physiological benefits.
Use of Electronic Cigarettes among U.S. Military Service Members – Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Gill Abegail A. , Alford Brandi , Balmer Jennylynn , Lutz Eric A. , Glogower Frederic D. , Palm COL Keith 
Published: July 2022

Background Decreased physical fitness, loss of vision and hearing, and increased risk of chronic diseases are significant primary and secondary implications associated with the health of U.S. Military Service members who use tobacco, including electronic cigarettes. Despite the medical and non-medical costs to the U.S. Department of Defense and potential adverse health effects to Service members, electronic cigarette use is on the rise. Methods U.S. Military Service members who completed their Periodic Health Assessment, a standardized, electronic, logic-based tool, from July 2018 to July 2019 were eligible. This exploratory study examines the prevalence and significant risk factors associated with self-reported use of electronic cigarettes, as well as determines if tobacco use varies by sex and Service branch, through use of Chi-square analysis and logistic regression. Results U.S. Military Service members 17–70 years old were included in this study ( N = 1.12 M), with 80% of study participants being male and 20% female. Exposure to secondhand smoke (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 2.15–2.22) and screening positive for hazardous drinking (OR: 2.70, 95% CI: 2.64–2.76) were found to show the greatest increase in odds of using electronic cigarettes, with similar findings after stratification by sex and Service branch. Stratification by Service branch revealed further differences in the association between electronic cigarette use and various demographic, military, lifestyle, and health characteristics. Conclusion Electronic cigarette use is increasing across the United States. U.S. Service members have unique risk factors and patterns of tobacco use. Despite tobacco use having potential adverse effects on military readiness, its use remains prevalent in this population. Our findings identify opportunities for the U.S. Department of Defense to review tobacco policy and availability and accessibility of cessation services to promote quitting tobacco, especially electronic cigarettes.