bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in paediatric sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Garde Alison J.B. , Gibson Neil A. , Samuels Martin P. , Evans Hazel J. 
Published: October 2022

This article reviews the latest evidence pertaining to childhood sleep disordered breathing (SDB), which is associated with negative neurobehavioural, cardiovascular and growth outcomes. Polysomnography is the accepted gold standard for diagnosing SDB but is expensive and limited to specialist centres. Simpler tests such as cardiorespiratory polygraphy and pulse oximetry are probably sufficient for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in typically developing children, and new data-processing techniques may improve their accuracy. Adenotonsillectomy is the first-line treatment for OSA, with recent evidence showing that intracapsular tonsillectomy results in lower rates of adverse events than traditional techniques. Anti-inflammatory medication and positive airway pressure respiratory support are not always suitable or successful, although weight loss and hypoglossal nerve stimulation may help in select comorbid conditions.Educational aimsTo understand the clinical impact of childhood sleep disordered breathing (SDB).To understand that, while sleep laboratory polysomnography has been the gold standard for diagnosis of SDB, other diagnostic techniques exist with their own benefits and limitations.To recognise that adenotonsillectomy and positive pressure respiratory support are the mainstays of treating childhood SDB, but different approaches may be indicated in certain patient groups.
E2F1 promotes cell cycle progression by stabilizing spindle fiber in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Fang Zejun , Lin Min , Chen Shenghui , Liu Hong , Zhu Minjing , Hu Yanyan , Han Shanshan , Wang Yizhang , Sun Long , Zhu Fengjiao , Xu Chengfu , Gong Chaoju 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
E2F1 is a transcription factor that regulates cell cycle progression. It is highly expressed in most cancer cells and activates transcription of cell cycle-related kinases. Stathmin1 and transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) are factors that enhance the stability of spindle fiber.

Methods
The E2F1-mediated transcription of transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) and stathmin1 was examined using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and luciferase reporter. Protein–protein interaction was studied using co-IP. The spindle structure was shown by immunofluorescence. Phenotype experiments were performed through MTS assay, flow cytometry, and tumor xenografts. Clinical colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens were analyzed based on immunohistochemistry.

Results
The present study showed that E2F1 expression correlates positively with the expression levels of stathmin1 and TACC3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, and that E2F1 transactivates stathmin1 and TACC3 in CRC cells. Furthermore, protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of stathmin1 at Ser16 is essential to the phosphorylation of TACC3 at Ser558, facilitating the assembly of TACC3/clathrin/α-tubulin complexes during spindle formation. Overexpression of Ser16-mutated stathmin1, as well as knockdown of stathmin1 or TACC3, lead to ectopic spindle poles including disorganized and multipolar spindles. Overexpression of wild-type but not Ser16-mutated stathmin1 promotes cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Consistently, a high level of E2F1, stathmin1, or TACC3 not only associates with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and distant metastasis, but predicts poor survival in CRC patients.

Conclusions
E2F1 drives the cell cycle of CRC by promoting spindle assembly, in which E2F1-induced stathmin1 and TACC3 enhance the stability of spindle fiber.
Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain
Authors: Casanovas Laura Vall-Llosera , Serra Laura , Canals Carme Saurina , Sanz-Barbero Belén , Vives-Cases Carmen , López Maria José , Otero-García Laura , Pérez Gloria , Renart-Vicens Gemma 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Sexual harassment is a type of coercion, including social pressure, intimidation, physical force, and verbal acts, in addition to other forms such as cyber-harassment, recognized as a major important public health problem.

Methods
This cross-sectional study, based on a survey administered online to men and women aged 18 to 35 years and living in Spain throughout 15th and 28th October 2020, aims to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with sexual harassment among young people in Spain within the last 12 months, particularly according to the COVID-19 lockdown period. It has been conducted by bivariate analysis and robust Poisson regression models. The final sample includes 2.515 participants.

Results
The results indicate that women were almost twice as likely as men to experience sexual harassment (49% vs 22.2%). Also, among heterosexual men and women, the estimated prevalence was lower concerning that observed among bisexuals, gays, and lesbians (31.5% vs 53, 39.2, and 34.6% respectively). The prevalence percentage in the 18–24 age group was twice high as that observed in the 30–35 age group. Finally, during the lockdown period, the harassment through electronic channels increased (32.6% vs 16.5 and 17.8% before and after this period, respectively) and decreased on public roads (22.9% vs 63.4 and 54.4% pre-lockdown and post-lockdown periods, respectively).

Conclusion
These findings highlight that sexual harassment presents a high prevalence among young people, especially cyber-harassment, and workplace harassment and it is important to be aware that young women are more likely to suffer harassment and even more if they do not have a partner or have LGB orientation. During the lockdown sexual harassment has moved from public spaces to the social network.
Different tibial rotational axes can be applied in combination according to the tibial tuberosity–posterior cruciate ligament distance in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Le-Shu , Zhou Hang , Zhang Jin-Cheng , Zhang Qiang , Chen Xiang-Yang , Feng Shuo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether tibial tuberosity–posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) distance is representative of the true lateralization of tibial tuberosity in isolation and its influence on the accuracy of the Akagi line and medial third of the tibial tuberosity (MTTT).

Methods
A total of 135 osteoarthritis patients with varus knees who undergoing computed tomography scans were enrolled to establish three-dimension models of the knees. Tibial width (TW), tibial tuberosity lateralization (TTL), posterior cruciate ligament lateralization (PCLL), knee rotation angle (KRA) and tibial rotational axes were measured and investigated their correlations with TT-PCL distance. Based on the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the influence of TT-PCL distance on the distributions of mismatch angles of tibial rotational axes was investigated with a safe zone (-5° to 10°).

Results
TT-PCL distance was in significantly positive correlation with TW (r = 0.493; P < 0.001) and TTL (r = 0.378; P < 0.001) which was different with PCLL (r = 0.147; P = 0.009) and KRA (r = -0.166; P = 0.054). All tibial rotational axes were significantly positively correlated with TT-PCL distance (P < 0.001). The mismatch angles between the vertical line of the surgical epicondylar axis (SEA) and the Akagi line and MTTT were -1.7° ± 5.3° and 7.6° ± 5.6° respectively. In terms of the optimal cut-off value of 19 mm for TT-PCL distance, the Akagi line applied as tibial rotational axis ensures 87.3% of the positions of tibial components within the safe zone when TT-PCL distance > 19 mm, and MTTT ensures 83.3% when TT-PCL distance ≤ 19 mm.

Conclusion
TT-PCL distances cannot reflect the true lateralization of tibial tuberosity in isolation but can aid in the combination of the Akagi line and MTTT in varus knees. The patients with TT-PCL distance > 19 mm are recommended to reference the Akagi line for tibial rotational alignment. MTTT is recommended to the patients with TT-PCL distance ≤ 19 mm. The study will aid surgeons in deciding which reference may be used by measuring TT-PCL distance using a preoperative CT.
Contribution of coronal vertebral and IVD wedging to Cobb angle changes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during growth
Authors: Cheung Wing Ki , Cheung Jason Pui Yin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Study design
Prospective study

Background
Vertebral and intervertebral disc (IVD) wedging are often seen in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, the relationship between wedging and curve progression, and the change of wedging before bracing to final weaning is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern and sequence of vertebral and IVD wedging development, and to determine the relationship between the change of wedging and curve progression in AIS during growth.

Methods
This was a prospective study of 32 AIS females with right-sided thoracic curves and/or left-sided lumbar curves who completed brace treatment. They were classified into progression and non-progression groups. Vertebral and IVD wedging were calculated for each spinal segment. The wedging pattern was first identified and then used to determine the sequence of wedging development. Percentage change in the sum of wedging during growth was calculated and compared.

Results
The sum of vertebral wedging for both groups was 2.4° to 8.7° more than that of IVD wedging in the thoracic spine but 8.7° to 17.7° less in the lumbar spine. Out of the 20 curves assessed, 5 thoracic curves and 1 lumbar curve developed vertebral wedging before IVD wedging, and 3 thoracic curves and 4 lumbar curves had the opposite pattern. The progression group had larger increases in sum of vertebral (40%) and IVD (28.6%) wedging as compared to the non-progression group (both 16.7%). A significant difference in wedging between the first and the latest visits was found in the progression group only (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Pattern and sequence of vertebral and IVD wedging were related to the location of the curve rather than the presence of curve progression. Progressed curves were associated with increased wedging during growth.

Level of evidence
II
Interprofessional student-led clinics: the volunteer patient experience
Authors: Burgess Annette , Roberts Chris 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Learning from patients and gaining an understanding of their lived experience plays an important role in improving health professions education. However, opportunities for students to engage in interprofessional learning activities involving patients as partners remain limited. In 2018, we developed an interprofessional student-led clinic where people living with Parkinson’s Disease voluntarily participated as ‘patient-partners’. The aim of this pilot study was to explore patients’ experience and motivation for participation.

Methods
In 2018 the clinic was implemented five times. Four patient volunteers and six to eight students from a mix of disciplines attended each clinic. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured focus groups with patients. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Eleven patients participated in the focus groups. Patients found the interprofessional nature of the clinic beneficial to their health goals. Their interactions with students from different disciplines helped to build their healthcare knowledge and confidence to ask additional questions of health professionals. Patients felt they offered unique perspectives to students of their own lived experiences. They found sharing their stories with students and each other built a sense of community.

Conclusion
Patients felt they enriched the learning environment, helping students to build their knowledge and skills by providing authentic patient perspectives. The interprofessional aspect enhanced the patient experience in a number of ways. Patients found the multiple perspectives of healthcare helped them to build their own knowledge, and reflect on their changing needs. Warranting further investigation, our findings indicate that participation in the clinics may have positively influenced patients’ health seeking behaviours.
A differentiated digital intervention to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence among men who have sex with men living with HIV in China: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiao Kedi , Wang Chunmei , Liao Meizhen , Ma Jing , Kang Dianmin , Tang Weiming , Tucker Joseph D. , Ma Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is still suboptimal among some key populations, highlighting the need for innovative tailored strategies. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate the effect of a differentiated digital intervention on ART adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV in China.

Methods
The two-armed parallel RCT was conducted at one HIV clinic in Jinan of China from October 19, 2020, to June 31, 2021. Men were referred by health providers to join the study and then choose one of three digital strategies—text message, only instant message, or instant message plus social media. They were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention arm or control arm using block randomization, and inside each arm, there were three groups depending on the type of delivering the message. The groups were divided according to participants’ preferred digital strategies. The intervention arm received ART medication messages, medication reminders, peer education, and involved in online discussion. The control arm received messages on health behavior and nutrition. The primary outcome was self-reported optimal ART adherence, defined as not missing any doses and not having any delayed doses within a one-month period. Secondary outcomes included CD4 T cell counts, viral suppression, HIV treatment adherence self-efficacy, and quality of life. Intention-to-treat analysis with generalized linear mixed models was used to evaluate the intervention’s effect.

Results
A total of 576 participants were enrolled, including 288 participants assigned in the intervention arm and 288 assigned in the control arm. Most were ≤ 40 years old (79.9%) and initiated ART ≤ 3 years (60.4%). After intervention, the proportion of participants achieving optimal ART adherence in the intervention arm was higher than in the control arm (82.9% vs 71.1%). The differentiated digital intervention significantly improved ART adherence (RR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.21–2.50). Subgroup analysis showed one-to-one instant message-based intervention significantly improved ART adherence (RR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.39–4.17).

Conclusions
The differentiated digital intervention improved ART adherence among MSM living with HIV in China, which could be integrated into people living with HIV (PLWH) management and further promoted in areas where PLWH can access text messaging and instant messaging services.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2000041282. Retrospectively registered on 23 December 2020.
Establishment of a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) fluorescence assay for the detection of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV)
Authors: Cong Xiao , Zhu Yujun , Liu Xinchao , Lian Yuexiao , Huang Bihong , Luo Yinzhu , Gu Youfang , Wu Miaoli , Shi Yue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) causes acute vomiting and diarrhea in piglets, leading to significant financial losses for the pig industry. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a rapid nucleic acid amplification technology used under constant temperature conditions. The study established a real-time reverse transcription (RT)-RPA assay for early diagnosis of SADS-CoV.

Results
The detection limit of the real-time RT-RPA was 74 copies/µL of SADS-CoV genomic standard recombinant plasmid in 95% of cases. The assay was performed in less than 30 min and no cross-reactions were observed with eight other common viruses that affect swine, including classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), pseudo rabies virus (PRV), swine influenza virus (SIV), seneca valley virus (SVA), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). The coefficient of variation (C.V.) values of the two standards dilutions and three positive clinical sample ranged from 2.95% to 4.71%. A total of 72 clinical fecal samples from swine with diarrheal symptoms were analyzed with the developed RT-RPA and quantitative RT-PCR. There was 98.61% agreement between the RT-RPA and the quantitative real-time PCR results.

Conclusions
These results indicated that the developed RT-RPA assay had good specificity, sensitivity, stability and repeatability. The study successfully established a broadly reactive RT-RPA assay for SADS-CoV detection.
Neutralizing GM-CSF autoantibodies in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cryptococcal meningitis and severe nocardiosis
Authors: Salvator Hélène , Cheng Aristine , Rosen Lindsey B. , Williamson Peter R. , Bennett John E. , Kashyap Anuj. , Ding Li , Kwon-Chung Kyung J. , Namkoong Ho , Zerbe Christa S. , Holland Steven M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Anti GM-CSF autoantibodies (aAb) have been related to acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and described in cases of severe infections such as cryptococcosis and nocardiosis in previously healthy subjects. Whether there are different anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies corresponding to these phenotypes is unclear. Therefore, we examined anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies to determine whether amount or neutralizing activity could distinguish between groups.

Methods
Plasma samples gathered in the National Institute of Health from patients with anti GM-CSF aAb and either PAP (n = 15), cryptococcal meningitis (n = 15), severe nocardiosis (n = 5) or overlapping phenotypes (n = 6) were compared. The relative amount of aAb was assessed using a particle-based approach, reported as a mouse monoclonal anti-human GM-CSF as standard curve and expressed in an arbitrary Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Unit (MMAU). The neutralizing activity of the plasma was assessed by inhibition of GM-CSF-induced intracellular phospho-STAT5 (pSTAT5) in monocytes.

Results
Anti-GM-CSF aAb relative amounts were higher in PAP patients compared to those with cryptococcosis (mean 495 ± 464 MMAU vs 197 ± 159 MMAU, p = 0.02); there was no difference with patients with nocardiosis (430 ± 493 MMAU) nor between the two types of infections.
The dilution of plasma resulting in 50% inhibition of GM-CSF-induced pSTAT5 (approximate IC50) did not vary appreciably across groups of patients (1.6 ± 3.1%, 3.9 ± 6% and 1.8 ± 2.2% in PAP patients, cryptococcosis and nocardiosis patients, respectively). Nor was the concentration of GM-CSF necessary to induce 50% of maximal GM-CSF-induced pSTAT5 in the presence of 10 MMAU of anti-GM-CSF aAb (EC50). When studying longitudinal samples from patients with PAP or disseminated nocardiosis, the neutralizing effect of anti-GM-CSF aAb was relatively constant over time despite targeted treatments and variations in aAb levels.

Conclusions
Despite different clinical manifestations, anti-GM-CSF antibodies were similar across PAP, cryptococcosis and nocardiosis. Underlying host genetics and functional analyses may help further differentiate the biology of these conditions.
Pre-referral intranasal artesunate powder for cerebral malaria: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Kouakou Yobouet Ines , Millet Aurelien , Fromentin Elodie , Hauchard Nathalie , Farias Gonçalo , Fieux Maxime , Coudert Aurelie , Omorou Roukayatou , Bin Sa’id Ibrahim , Lavoignat Adeline , Bonnot Guillaume , Bienvenu Anne-Lise , Picot Stephane 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Malaria still kills young children in rural endemic areas because early treatment is not available. Thus, the World Health Organization recommends the administration of artesunate suppositories as pre-referral treatment before transportation to the hospital in case of severe symptoms with an unavailable parenteral and oral treatment. However, negative cultural perception of the rectal route, and limited access to artesunate suppositories, could limit the use of artesunate suppositories. There is, therefore, a need for an alternative route for malaria pre-referral treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of intranasal route for malaria pre-referral treatment.

Methods
The permeability of artesunate through human nasal mucosa was tested in vitro. The Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) of the nasal mucosa was followed during the permeation tests. Beside, regional deposition of artesunate powder was assessed with an unidose drug delivery device in each nostril of a nasal cast. Artesunate quantification was performed using Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Results
The experimental model of human nasal mucosa was successfully implemented. Using this model, artesunate powder showed a much better passage rate through human nasal mucosa than solution (26.8 ± 6.6% versus 2.1 ± 0.3%). More than half (62.3%) of the artesunate dose sprayed in the nostrils of the nasal cast was recovered in the olfactory areas (44.7 ± 8.6%) and turbinates (17.6 ± 3.3%) allowing nose-to-brain and systemic drug diffusion, respectively.

Conclusion
Artesunate powder showed a good permeation efficiency on human nasal mucosa. Moreover it can be efficiently sprayed in the nostrils using unidose device to reach the olfactory area leading to a fast nose-to-brain delivery as well as a systemic effect. Taken together, those results are part of the proof-of-concept for the use of intranasal artesunate as a malaria pre-referral treatment.
Exosomes: mediators regulating the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
Authors: Yao Jiali , Cai Linqian , Chen Yingrui , Zhang Jie , Zhuang Wenwen , Liang Jingyan , Li Hongliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of human mortality worldwide, mainly due to atherosclerosis (AS), and the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key event in the development of AS. Exosomes contain a variety of specific nucleic acids and proteins that mediate intercellular communication. The role of exosomes in AS has attracted attention. This review uses the VSMC phenotypic transition in AS as the entry point, introduces the effect of exosomes on AS from different perspectives, and discusses the status quo, deficiencies, and potential future directions in this field to provide new ideas for clinical research and treatment of AS.