bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A national profile of sandwich generation caregivers providing care to both older adults and children
Authors: Lei Lianlian , Leggett Amanda N. , Maust Donovan T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany U.S. caregivers provide care to the generation above and below simultaneously, described as “sandwich” generation caregivers. We seek to provide the first national estimates characterizing sandwich generation caregivers and the older adults for whom they care.MethodsWe used the 2015 National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) and National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) to compare individual (demographic, socio‐economic, health, and caregiving characteristics) and caregiving‐related experience (financial and emotional difficulties, caregiver role overload and gains, supportive services, employment and participation restrictions) between sandwich and non‐sandwich generation caregivers. The analysis included adult child caregivers with or without any minor child under 18 years (n = 194 and 912 NSOC respondents, respectively) providing care to n = 436 and 1217 older adult NHATS respondents.ResultsOf all adult child caregivers, 24.3% also cared for a minor child (i.e., sandwich generation caregivers), representing 2.5 million individuals. Sandwich generation caregivers provided similar care hours to older care recipients as non‐sandwich caregivers (77.4 vs. 71.6 h a month, p = 0.60), though more of them worked for pay (69.4% vs. 53.9%, p = 0.002). Both sandwich generation caregivers (21.0% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.005) and their care recipients (30.1% vs. 20.9%, p = 0.006) were more likely to be Medicaid enrollees than their non‐sandwich caregiving counterparts. More sandwich generation caregivers reported substantial financial (23.5% vs. 12.2%, p < 0.001) and emotional difficulties (44.1% vs. 32.2%, p = 0.02) than non‐sandwich caregivers; they also reported higher caregiver role overload (score: 2.9 vs. 2.4, p = 0.04). Their supportive services use was similarly low as non‐sandwich caregivers except for seeking financial help (24.8% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.008).ConclusionsBesides caring for minor child(ren), sandwich generation caregivers provided similarly intense care to care recipients as non‐sandwich caregivers and had higher labor force participation; they experienced more caregiving‐related financial and emotional difficulties and role overload. Policymakers may consider supportive services that address their unique needs and roles.
The Vitruvian nurse and burnout: New materialist approaches to impossible ideals
Authors: Smith Jamie , Willis Eva , Hopkins‐Walsh Jane , Dillard‐Wright Jess , Brown Brandon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Vitruvian Man is a metaphor for the “ideal man” by feminist posthuman philosopher Rosi Braidotti (2013) as a proxy for eurocentric humanist ideals. The first half of this paper extends Braidotti's concept by thinking about the metaphor of the “ideal nurse” (Vitruvian nurse) and how this metaphor contributes to racism, oppression, and burnout in nursing and might restrict the professionalization of nursing. The Vitruvian nurse is an idealized and perfected form of a nurse with self‐sacrificial language (re)producing self‐sacrificing expectations. The second half of this paper looks at how regulatory frameworks (using the example of UK's Nursing and Midwifery Council Code of Conduct) institutionalize the conditions of possibility through collective imaginations. The domineering expectations found within the Vitruvian nurse metaphor and further codified by regulatory frameworks give rise to boredom and burnout. The paper ends by suggesting possible ways to diffract regulatory frameworks to practice with affirmative ethics and reduce feelings of self‐sacrifice and exhaustion among nurses.
Risk factors and current trends in maxillofacial trauma: An epidemiologic study at a major Trauma Center of North India
Authors: Agarwal Padmanidhi , Neeraj  , Reddy Gosla Srinivas , Chug Ashi , Katiyar Awaneesh , Rashid Nouman , U Vignesh , Jain Kanav 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to obtain an update on the epidemiologic data of maxillofacial injuries with an analysis of current aetiology and associated factors encountered at a major Tertiary Care Centre of North India.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Centre in Uttarakhand over 2 years. The demographics, aetiology, seatbelt/helmet use, alcohol consumption at the time of injury, site of the fracture, other associated injuries and type of intervention were recorded.ResultsThe male:female ratio was 4.2:1. A peak prevalence was found in the third decade (mean age 23.6). Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of trauma (76.9%). Maxillofacial injuries were higher in those who did not use a seatbelt or helmet (85.1%). Intoxication at the time of injury was a major factor, especially in accidents. Drivers were found to be injured more (74.7%) than pillion riders or passengers. The incidence of fractures was highest in monsoons (30%). Mandibular (37.8%) and zygomatic (20%) fractures were most commonly encountered. The most common site of mandibular fractures was parasymphysis (30.6%). Fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Concomitant neurological and orthopaedic injuries were common in patients sustaining maxillofacial injuries.ConclusionRoad traffic accidents continue to be responsible for maximum trauma. A multidisciplinary assessment of every trauma victim is essential. This study can help formulate rigorous injury preventive schemes by distinguishing and analysing maxillofacial trauma. Advocation and strict implementation of helmet and seatbelt use with a heavy penalty for drinking and driving can lead to the reduction of maxillofacial injuries.
Influence of total temporomandibular joint prosthesis on chewing performance and quality of life
Authors: Sobral Paula Cristina Falchet , Bezerra Matheus Cavalcante Tomaz , Valadas Lidia Audrey Rocha , Rodrigues Luciane Lacerda Franco Rocha , Guimarães Antônio Sergio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the chewing performance and quality of life of individuals undergoing temporomandibular joint prosthesis (TMJ) reconstruction with total prosthesis.Materials and MethodsThis is a crossover and quantitative study, where 36 individuals were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (G1)‐ was composed of individuals who underwent the surgery with a total prosthesis and Group 2 (G2): Healthy individuals (control group). Chewing performance was assessed using a two‐colour chewing gum method and computerized analysis, evaluating the type of total prosthesis (custom and stock), the reconstructed side and the amplitude of mandibular movements prior to surgery. Quality of life was assessed using the questionnaire 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36), which was submitted to the student's test or ANOVA.ResultsComparing G1 with the control group (G2), there was a statistically significant difference in quality of life, for the physical (p = 0.028) and emotional (p = 0.037) domains, and in the chewing performance for the type of total prosthesis (p = 0.003), reconstructed side (p < 0.001) and amplitude of mandibular movements (p < 0.001).ConclusionIndividuals who underwent TMJ reconstruction surgery with a total prosthesis seem to have a decrease in the ability to mix or grind food. These individuals also showed impaired daily and/or professional activities due to physical and emotional conditions.
Immuno‐epigenomic analysis identifies attenuated interferon responses in naïve CD4 T cells of adolescents with peanut and multi‐food allergy
Authors: Imran Samira , Neeland Melanie R. , Peng Stephen , Vlahos Amanda , Martino David , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Tang Mimi L. K. , Sawyer Susan , Dang Thanh D. , McWilliam Vicki , Peters Rachel L. , Koplin Jennifer J. , Perrett Kirsten P. , Novakovic Boris , Saffery Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIgE‐mediated food allergies have been linked to suboptimal naïve CD4 T (nCD4T) cell activation in infancy, underlined by epigenetic and transcriptomic variation. Similar attenuated nCD4T cell activation in adolescents with food allergy have also been reported, but these are yet to be linked to specific epigenetic or transcriptional changes.MethodsWe generated genome‐wide DNA methylation data in purified nCD4 T cells at quiescence and following activation in a cohort of adolescents (aged 10–15 years old) with peanut allergy (peanut only or peanut + ≥1 additional food allergy) (FA, n = 29), and age‐matched non‐food allergic controls (NA, n = 18). Additionally, we assessed transcriptome‐wide gene expression and cytokine production in these cells following activation.ResultsWe found widespread changes in DNA methylation in both NA and FA nCD4T cells in response to activation, associated with the T cell receptor signaling pathway. Adolescents with FA exhibit unique DNA methylation signatures at quiescence and post‐activation at key genes involved in Th1/Th2 differentiation (RUNX3, RXRA, NFKB1A, IL4R), including a differentially methylated region (DMR) at the TNFRSF6B promoter, linked to Th1 proliferation. Combined analysis of DNA methylation, transcriptomic data and cytokine output in the same samples identified an attenuated interferon response in nCD4T cells from FA individuals following activation, with decreased expression of several interferon genes, including IFN‐γ and a DMR at a key downstream gene, BST2.ConclusionWe find that attenuated nCD4T cell responses from adolescents with food allergy are associated with specific epigenetic variation, including disruption of interferon responses, indicating dysregulation of key immune pathways that may contribute to a persistent FA phenotype. However, we recognize the small sample size, and the consequent restraint on reporting adjusted p‐value statistics as limitations of the study. Further study is required to validate these findings.
Diaspore dispersal season influences root growth and seed traits, but not germination responses, of sympatric Piper species in a seasonal forest
Authors: Valentin‐Silva A. , Torre F. D. , de Oliveira A. K. G. , França M. G. C. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Seeds may differ in terms of dormancy, longevity, sensitivity to desiccation and dry mass, according to the timing (dry season/rainy season) of diaspore dispersal. In addition, seasonal variations in temperature and water availability can act as signals of the season during seed development, influencing germination responses and root growth. We evaluated the effects of temperature variations and water availability on germination parameters, root growth and seed traits of four coexisting Piper species in seasonal vegetation that differed in diaspore dispersal timing.
Eight temperature treatments (15, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 35 °C, and alternate 30 °C–20 °C) and four induced water potentials (0, −0.3, −0.6 and −1.2 MPa) were used. The parameters germination onset, germination percentage (G%), mean germination time (MGT), root elongation, seed longevity during ex situ storage and dry mass of seeds were evaluated.
Germination responses observed were independent of the diaspore dispersal timing, such as variations in germination onset, G% and MGT, both in temperature and water availability treatments. In contrast, root elongation, longevity and dry mass of seeds varied according to the time of diaspore dispersal.
Our results corroborate the hypothesis that the timing of diaspore dispersal is an important factor in controlling the initial development of seedlings in seasonal vegetation, but not in germination responses. The predominance of negative effects of temperature increases and water deficit on root growth shows that the initial stages of plant development can be strongly impacted by these environmental factors.
The genome of the king protea, Protea cynaroides
Authors: Chang Jiyang , Duong Tuan A. , Schoeman Cassandra , Ma Xiao , Roodt Danielle , Barker Nigel , Li Zhen , Van de Peer Yves , Mizrachi Eshchar 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYThe king protea (Protea cynaroides), an early‐diverging eudicot, is the most iconic species from the Megadiverse Cape Floristic Region, and the national flower of South Africa. Perhaps best known for its iconic flower head, Protea is a key genus for the South African horticulture industry and cut‐flower market. Ecologically, the genus and the family Proteaceae are important models for radiation and adaptation, particularly to soils with limited phosphorus bio‐availability. Here, we present a high‐quality chromosome‐scale assembly of the P. cynaroides genome as the first representative of the fynbos biome. We reveal an ancestral whole‐genome duplication event that occurred in the Proteaceae around the late Cretaceous that preceded the divergence of all crown groups within the family and its extant diversity in all Southern continents. The relatively stable genome structure of P. cynaroides is invaluable for comparative studies and for unveiling paleopolyploidy in other groups, such as the distantly related sister group Ranunculales. Comparative genomics in sequenced genomes of the Proteales shows loss of key arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis genes likely ancestral to the family, and possibly the order. The P. cynaroides genome empowers new research in plant diversification, horticulture and adaptation, particularly to nutrient‐poor soils.
Prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigen 1 in a population of dogs tested in California
Authors: Bank Anna S. , Farrell Kate S. , Epstein Steven E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple studies have evaluated the breed‐specific prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 in various geographic regions. However, few large‐scale studies exist that describe breed prevalence of DEA 1 in the United States.Key FindingsFrom January 2000 to October 2020, 6469 dogs had their RBC antigen type determined and were included in the study. The overall prevalence of DEA 1 in all dogs was 61.2%. Of 50 breeds with sample sizes ≥20, 8 breeds had a high prevalence (≥90%) of DEA 1‐positive blood type: Basset Hound, Bernese Mountain Dog, Brittany, Dachshund, Miniature Pinscher, Miniature Schnauzer, Pug, and Rottweiler. Four breeds had a high prevalence (≥90%) of DEA 1‐negative blood type: Boxer, English Bulldog, Flat‐Coated Retriever, and French Bulldog. Numerous breeds with a sample size <20 and ≥5 were found to have 100% prevalence of a DEA 1 blood type, although these findings need to be confirmed with a larger sample size. No statistical difference in any breed based on sex was found. The results in this study are consistent with previously reported data in other countries.SignificanceKnowledge of regional breed differences in DEA 1 prevalence can help to improve selection and recruitment of appropriate blood donor dogs.
White paper on pandemic preparedness in the blood supply
Authors: Strengers Paul , O'Brien Sheila F. , Politis Constantina , Mayr Wolfgang , Seifried Erhard , Spencer Bryan R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn March 2020, the WHO declared the SARS‐CoV‐2 corona virus a pandemic which caused a great disruption to global society and had a pronounced effect on the worldwide supply of blood.Materials and MethodsIn 2022 an on‐line meeting was organised with experts from Austria, Canada, Germany, Greece, Netherlands and United States to explore the opportunities for increasing preparedness within blood systems for a potential future pandemic with similar, or more devastating, consequences. The main themes included the value of preparedness, current risks to the blood supply, supply chain vulnerabilities, and the role of innovation in increasing resiliency and safety.ResultsSeven key recommendations were formulated and including required actions at different levels.ConclusionAlthough SARS‐CoV‐2 might be seen as a unique event, global health risks are expected to increase and will affect blood transfusion medicine if no preparedness plans are developed.
Activation of small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels suppresses Ca2+ transient and action potential alternans in ventricular myocytes
Authors: Kanaporis Giedrius , Blatter Lothar A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAt the cellular level, cardiac alternans is observed as beat‐to‐beat alternations in contraction strength, action potential (AP) morphology and Ca2+ transient (CaT) amplitude, and is a risk factor for cardiac arrhythmia. The (patho)physiological roles of small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SK) channels in ventricles are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that in single rabbit ventricular myocytes pharmacological modulation of SK channels plays a causative role for the development of pacing‐induced CaT and AP duration (APD) alternans. SK channel blockers (apamin, UCL1684) had only a minor effect on AP repolarization. However, SK channel activation by NS309 resulted in significant APD shortening, demonstrating that functional SK channels are well expressed in ventricular myocytes. The effects of NS309 were prevented or reversed by apamin and UCL1684, indicating that NS309 acted on SK channels. SK channel activation abolished or reduced the degree of pacing‐induced CaT and APD alternans. Inhibition of KV7.1 (with HMR1556) and KV11.1 (with E4031) channels was used to mimic conditions of long QT syndromes type‐1 and type‐2, respectively. Both HMR1556 and E4031 enhanced CaT alternans that was prevented by SK channel activation. In AP voltage‐clamped cells the SK channel activator had no effect on CaT alternans, confirming that suppression of CaT alternans was caused by APD shortening. APD shortening contributed to protection from alternans by lowering sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content and curtailing Ca2+ release. The data suggest that SK activation could be a potential intervention to avert development of alternans with important ramifications for arrhythmia prevention and therapy for patients with long QT syndrome.
imageKey points
At the cellular level, cardiac alternans is observed as beat‐to‐beat alternations in contraction strength, action potential (AP) morphology and intracellular Ca2+ release amplitude, and is a risk factor for cardiac arrhythmia.
The (patho)physiological roles of small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SK) channels in ventricles are poorly understood.
We investigated whether pharmacological modulation of SK channels affects the development of cardiac alternans in normal ventricular cells and in cells with drug‐induced long QT syndrome (LQTS).
While SK channel blockers have only a minor effect on AP morphology, their activation leads to AP shortening and abolishes or reduces the degree of pacing‐induced Ca2+ and AP alternans. AP shortening contributed to protection against alternans by lowering sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content and curtailing Ca2+ release.
The data suggest SK activation as a potential intervention to avert the development of alternans with important ramifications for arrhythmia prevention for patients with LQTS.
Patients’ awareness of their rights, associated factors and its practice by health professionals from a patient perspective among elective surgical patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study, 2021
Authors: Dessalegn Kaletsidk , Girma Betelihem , Oumer Keder Essa , Hunie Metages , Belete Kumlachew Geta 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the patients’ awareness of their rights, associated factors and the practice of these rights by the medical team from the patients’ perspective at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.DesignAn institution-based prospective cross-sectional study was carried out.SettingThe research was conducted from January to May 2021 in a specialised hospital in central Ethiopia.Participants392 people who had elective surgery were included in this study; 217 men and 175 women responded. Systematic random sampling was employed to choose the research subjects, and K (skip interval) was calculated using the 3-month surgical waiting list at the hospital. Patients under the age of 18, those with severe illnesses, those who were not inpatients, and those who had diagnosable mental conditions were not eligible.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA structured questionnaire was administered in a face-to-face interview by trained data collectors after surgery at the surgical ward and analysed by using SPSS V.24. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to identify the associated factors. A p<0.05 was used to judge the significance of the association.ResultPatients’ awareness about their rights was 76%. Educational level, place of residency and the number of hospital admission were significantly associated with patients’ awareness. The majority (83.2%) of patients reported that health providers had poor practices regarding patient rights.ConclusionMost patients were unaware of most of their rights, and the majority of patients reported that healthcare providers did a poor job of protecting their patients’ rights. To advance the application and understanding of patient rights, access to various facilities, patient and healthcare provider education programmes, and patient rights information technology must be improved.
Emergency medical services and palliative care: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Gage Caleb Hanson , Stander Charnelle , Gwyther Liz , Stassen Willem 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe purpose of emergency medical services (EMS) is to preserve life and limb in emergency situations. Palliative care, however, is not concerned with ‘life-saving’ measures, but the prevention and relief of suffering. While these care goals appear to conflict, EMS and palliative care may be complementary if integrated. The aim of this scoping review is to map existing literature concerning EMS and palliative care by identifying literature types, extracting key findings and noting limitations using descriptive analysis.Methods and analysisThe framework of Arksey and O’Malley will direct this review. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO. In addition, the University of Cape Town Thesis Repository and Google Scholar will be searched for relevant grey literature. Empirical studies concerning EMS and palliative care published between January 2000 and September 2021 will be included. Article selection will be performed and presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. Extracted data from included articles will undergo descriptive analysis with findings being reported in a discussion format.Ethics and disseminationThis review will identify and describe existing literature concerning EMS and palliative care, highlighting key findings and knowledge gaps in the subject area. Findings will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders through peer-reviewed, open-access journal publication. As no participants will be involved and selected literature is publicly available, no ethical approval will be required.