bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemotherapy vs radiotherapy in the treatment of primary cutaneous malignancies or cutaneous metastases from primary solid organ malignancies: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McMillan Angus , McElroy Luke , O’Toole Lorcan , Matteucci Paolo , Totty Joshua P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Electrochemotherapy has emerged as a valuable tool in the treatment of cutaneous malignancies that are unamenable to surgical resection. Despite growing recognition and recommendation in national guidelines, to date, no Level 1 evidence exists comparing its use to radiotherapy in the management of cutaneous malignancies. A systematic review and meta-analysis will be undertaken in line with the Cochrane Handbook and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and checklist. A comprehensive search strategy will be applied to MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov from the time period from inception to December 2021. Supplementary searches of the grey literature will also be undertaken. Studies in humans which compare treatment with electrochemotherapy to radiotherapy and report tumour response with at least a 4-week follow-up will be eligible. Studies will be included regardless of publication language or country of origin. Screening of studies and data extraction will be undertaken independently by two authors. Our primary outcome will be tumour volume response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. We will also extract any secondary outcomes reported, such as patient-reported outcome measures, pain, toxicity/adverse events and progression-free survival. Included studies will be assessed for risk of bias using recognized tools. Evidence quality will be appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. If studies are of acceptable clinical homogeneity and suitable data is extracted, a meta-analysis will be performed. If adequate data are present, various subgroup analyses will be performed. Publication bias will be assessed using a funnel plot and Egger’s test.
PROSPERO CRD42021285415
The Cataphoric Pronoun in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Garr W Randall 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The cataphoric pronominal construction has long been recognized in Biblical Hebrew. It is formally redundant, consisting usually of a bound third-person object pronoun and subsequent, coreferential noun or noun phrase. A standard, familiar example is ‘she saw him, the child’ in Exod. 2:6. The following article attempts a comprehensive account of this grammatical construction, including its semantic value, its discourse role, and especially its pragmatic functions in a number of contexts. This article also compares its appearance in the Septuagint, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea scrolls and the Masoretic text. It concludes that, while the cataphoric pronominal construction was a genuine (i.e. non-borrowed) feature of Biblical Hebrew, it was most favoured by the Masoretic tradition in the later Biblical books even though the construction was never grammaticalized.
Long-term effectiveness of a primary care practice facilitation program for chronic kidney disease management: an extended follow-up of a cluster-randomized FROM-J study
Authors: Imasawa Toshiyuki , Saito Chie , Kai Hirayasu , Iseki Kunitoshi , Kazama Junichiro James , Shibagaki Yugo , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Nagata Daisuke , Narita Ichiei , Nishino Tomoya , Hasegawa Hajime , Honda Hirokazu , Maruyama Shoichi , Miyazaki Mariko , Mukoyama Masashi , Yasuda Hideo , Wada Takashi , Ishikawa Yuichi , Tsunoda Ryoya , Nagai Kei , Okubo Reiko , Kondo Masahide , Hoshino Junichi , Yamagata Kunihiro 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Practice facilitation program by multidisciplinary care for primary care physicians (PCPs) is expected to improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcomes, but there is no clear evidence of its long-term effectiveness. We have previously performed a cluster-randomized controlled trial for 3.5 years (the Frontier of Renal Outcome Modifications in Japan (FROM-J) study) with two arms—group A without the program and group B with the program. We aimed to assess the long-term effectiveness of the practice facilitation program on CKD outcomes via an extended 10-year follow-up of the FROM-J study.

Methods
We enrolled patients who were in the FROM-J study. The primary composite endpoint comprised cardiovascular disease (CVD), renal replacement therapy initiation and a 50% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The secondary endpoints were survival rate, eGFR decline rate and collaboration rate between PCPs and nephrologists.

Results
The occurrence of the primary composite endpoint tended to be lower in group B (group A: 27.1% versus group B: 22.1%, P = 0.051). Furthermore, CVD incidence was remarkably lower in group B (group A: 10.5% versus group B: 6.4%, P = 0.001). Although both mortality and the rate of eGFR decline were identical between both groups, the eGFR decline rate was significantly better in group B than in group A only in patients with stage G3a at enrollment (group A: 2.35 ± 3.87 mL/min/1.73 m2/year versus group B: 1.68 ± 2.98 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, P = 0.02). The collaboration rate was higher in group B.

Conclusions
The CKD practice facilitation program for PCPs reliably decreases CVD events and may reduce the progression of cases to end-stage kidney disease.
The complexity of police decisions: A collaborative study on police decision-making in Belgium
Authors: Feys Yinthe , Van Thienen Bart , Van den Bulck Stijn , Van Poucke Koen , Torreele Rienert , Van Damme Anjuli , De Sterck Maria , Michiels Sylvie , Muyshondt Peter , Verhage Antoinette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStreet-level police officers are regularly confronted with complex situations and often have to make split-second decisions. Despite the importance of these decisions for procedural justice and police legitimacy, we know little about the factors that impact Belgian police officers’ decision-making. This article explores this topic by means of semi-structured interviews (n = 46) in the Belgian local police. We conclude that there is a variety of factors that play a role. These factors can be divided into four groups: characteristics of the police officer, characteristics of the civilian, organizational characteristics, and situational characteristics. The most influential factors are police officers’ professional experience, laws and regulations, police officers’ personality, one’s colleagues and supervisors, and whether or not the civilian is aggressive and known by the police.
The Use of Force in Higher Education Policing: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Hipple Natalie Kroovand , Hunter Benjamin D 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe public call for transparency around police use-of-force incidents and incident data must be answered. Campus police departments are no exception. Yet while the fundamentals of policing are universal, campus policing poses unique challenges for officers, and there is little empirical research informing campus policing policy and practice. In this article, we analyse use-of-force incident records and police officer focus group data involving the Indiana University Police Department over a 3-year period. The data reveal that use-of-force incidents most commonly occurred off-campus; most subjects were males not affiliated with the university; and alcohol was usually a factor. Subject resistance actions and officer use of force are discussed. The article concludes with examples of real-world policy applications, presenting an opportunity for urban police departments to look to campus policing as a model of transparency around use-of-force incidents.
A Theory of Participation in OTC and Centralized Markets
Authors: Dugast Jérôme , Üslü Semih , Weill Pierre-Olivier 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Should regulators encourage the migration of trade from over-the-counter (OTC) to centralized markets? To address this question, we study a model in which banks make costly decisions to participate in an OTC market, a centralized market, or both markets at the same time. Banks differ in their ability to take large positions, what we call their trading capacity. In equilibrium, intermediate-capacity banks find it optimal to participate in the centralized market. In contrast, low- and high-capacity banks find it optimal to participate in the OTC market, due to an endogenous complementarity. Namely, low-capacity banks receive worse terms of trade than in the centralized market but better risk sharing, thanks to the intermediation services offered by high-capacity banks. High-capacity banks receive worse risk sharing than in the centralized market, but profit from the provision of intermediation services to low-capacity banks. While the social optimum has qualitatively similar participation patterns, it prescribes that more customers migrate to the centralized market, and that more dealers enter the OTC market.
Psychosis and the Risk of Stranger Homicides
Authors: Ojansuu Ilkka , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tiihonen Jari , Lehti Martti , Putkonen Hanna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Psychosis increases the risk of committing homicide, but it remains unclear whether it also affects victim selection. Individual cases of stranger homicide elicit a lot of public attention and outrage, even though evidence of their incidence is scarce.

Methods
Forensic psychiatric reports of 389 patients who had committed homicide in Finland during 1980–2014 were examined to determine the relationship between the offender and the victim. The stranger homicide incidence derived from perpetrators with psychosis was compared to a comparative incidence derived from a group of perpetrators without psychosis (other mental disorders were not excluded) over the time frame 2003–2014. Stranger homicide incidence rates were calculated using Finnish population averages of the study years, assuming a Poisson distribution and reported as per 100 000 person-years among potential victims in the Finnish general population.

Results
Three hundred and eighty nine patients with psychosis had committed 414 homicides, with 40 complete stranger victims and 15 victims known for less than 24 h. Complete stranger homicide incidence committed by individuals with psychosis was 0.022 per 100 000 person-years and 0.13 for individuals without psychosis. When also including victims known for &lt; 24 h, the incidence was 0.031 for individuals with psychosis and 0.28 for individuals without psychosis per 100 000 person-years.

Discussion
Nine out of ten stranger homicides are committed by individuals without psychosis. However, on the basis of a 3.1% prevalence of psychotic disorders in Finland, individuals with psychosis have about a 3- to 5-fold risk of committing stranger homicides as compared to individuals without psychosis.
The “Dream Changer”: a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a parent-based intervention for childhood nightmares
Authors: Bourboulis Stephanie , Gradisar Michael , Kahn Michal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Recurrent nightmares in childhood may have a range of detrimental effects for both the child and parents. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a novel parent-based intervention for childhood nightmares, using a new device called the “Dream Changer.”

Methods
A total of 56 children aged 3–10 years (M = 7.1 ± 2.1 years; 51.8% boys), and one of their parents were randomized to either the intervention or waitlist control group. The intervention group received a “Dream Changer”—a light-emitting remote-control-like device that the child was encouraged to take to bed and use upon experiencing a nightmare. Parents completed online surveys at baseline, 1-week, and 2-weeks following the intervention. Parents in the intervention group additionally completed a 3-month follow-up survey. Outcome variables included children’s nightmare frequency, sleep-wake patterns, and sleep anxiety, as well as parents’ daytime sleepiness.

Results
Significant group-by-time interaction effects were found for nightmare frequency (p = 0.001) and sleep anxiety (p = 0.006). Parents of children who received the “Dream Changer” reported fewer nightmares (Mdifference = 1.7, p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.06) and decreased anxiety (Mdifference = 0.9, p = 0.001, d =0.41) at post-intervention, whereas such benefits were not found in the waitlist control group. Three-month follow-up assessments demonstrated that gains were maintained over-time. Interaction effects were not significant for children’s sleep metrics or for parents’ daytime sleepiness.

Conclusions
The present study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a brief, highly accessible intervention for reducing children’s nightmares and nighttime anxiety. Future research may wish to test these effects using larger samples and longer follow-up assessments.

Clinical Trial Registration
The trial has been registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (https://www.anzctr.org.au/; Identifier:ACTRN12620000633987).
Modern Family: trusts in a time of rapid social change
Authors: Atkinson Simon , Steadman Joseph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article considers some of the issues arising from the evolution of social and legal understandings of what constitutes “family” in the modern era and the impact of that evolution on older settlements. The article considers the common law’s default conception of familial relationships—who was a settlor’s spouse or child for example—and how that default conception could have been displaced by a settlor or testator. The article then considers some of the legislative interventions of the 20th and 21st centuries and the impact of human rights legislation which have altered the common law’s traditional understanding of family relationship. The article reviews several important cases, including the recent decision of Goodrich v AB [2022] EWHC 81 (Ch), which have considered the impact of these interventions on older settlements. Finally, the article considers some practical tips for settlors, trustees and beneficiaries.
Serendipity: Being in the Right Place at the Right Time
Authors: Saidman Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2022

Effect of Nitrous Oxide and of Narcotic Premedication on the Alveolar Concentration Required for Anesthesia. By Saidman LJ, Eger EI II. Anesthesiology 1964; 25:302–6.

Hyperthermia during Anesthesia. By Saidman LJ, Havard ES, Eger EI II. JAMA 1964; 190:1029–32.
The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of an inhaled anesthetic preventing movement in response to a surgical incision as a measure of equipotency was “invented” in 1964 at the University of California, San Francisco. The principal advantage of MAC is that it allows the pharmacologic effects of inhaled anesthetics to be compared against each other at a similar anesthetic depth. Thus, if the hemodynamic effect (hypotension, decreased cardiac output) of anesthetic “A” is greater than that of anesthetic “B,” the anesthesiologist may elect to use “A” in patients with myocardial dysfunction. A rare side effect of a volatile anesthetic is that in some patients, malignant hyperthermia may occur with or without succinylcholine use. This phenomenon was detected in a patient in whom halothane MAC was being measured. The availability of the Severinghaus blood gas device allowed for the first ever measurement of the metabolic and respiratory acidemia that accompanies malignant hyperthermia.
Novel Cast-saw Alarm System Reduces Blade-to-Skin Contact in a Pediatric Upper Extremity Model
Authors: Cameron Joshuea , Twedt Max , Garvey Jeff , Scherl Susan , Halanski Matthew A. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To determine the effectiveness of a novel cast-saw alarm system in minimizing the number and duration of cast-saw blade-to-skin contacts.

Methods:
Twenty orthopaedic residents removed a pair of long-arm casts applied to instrumented pediatric upper extremity models. The model and cast-saw were instrumented to detect blade to “skin” contact at a rate of 600 Hz. Each resident performed cast removal with and without the use of a cast-saw alarm, the order of which was randomized. Eleven additional “new” cast-saw users then removed pairs of casts, without and then with the cast alarm, to evaluate what effect the alarm would have on preventing blade-to-skin contact in users with no previous cast-saw experience. The number and duration of cast-saw touches were then evaluated. Statistical significance was determined paired 1-sided students t tests (number of touches).

Results:
For the residents (n=20), the total number of blade-to-skin contacts was 233. One hundred eighty-one blade-to-skin contacts without the alarm and 52 with the alarm (71% reduction) (t
(19)=−3.42, P=0.001), averaging 6.45 more blade-to-skin contacts per cast without the alarm. The median blade-to-skin contact duration was 0.166 seconds without the alarm and 0.087 seconds with the alarm. This was a 48% reduction in contact time (P=0.073). For the inexperienced users (n=11), the total number of blade-to-skin contacts was 356, 324 blade-to-skin contacts without the alarm and 32 with the alarm (90% reduction) (t
(10)=−2.78, P=0.009), averaging 26.5 more blade-to-skin contacts without the alarm. The median blade-to-skin contact duration for the novice was 0.313 seconds without the alarm and 0.1 seconds with the alarm (68% reduction). Contact time was reduced in both groups but failed to reach statistical significance. However, alarm use significantly reduced the number of touches of >0.5 seconds duration (62 vs. 3) in the novice group, P=0.0176. Blade-to-skin contact of >0.5 seconds were felt to represent touches that were more likely to result in thermal injury to a living patient.

Conclusion:
Blade-to-skin contact can be reduced with the use of a cast-saw alarm. These effects appear most amplified in users with little prior cast-saw experience.

Level of Evidence:
Not applicable.
Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome and Desmopressin Resistance During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kalbhenn Johannes , Glonnegger Hannah , Büchsel Martin , Priebe Hans-Joachim , Zieger Barbara 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Although COVID-19 is associated with high von Willebrand factor (vWF) parameters promoting thrombosis, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) is associated with the development of acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) promoting bleeding. This study was designed to assess both the incidence and severity of AVWS in COVID-19 patients undergoing vvECMO, and the benefit of comprehensive vWF analyses.

DESIGN:
Prospective observational study.

SETTING:
ICU at a tertiary-care center.

PATIENTS:
Twenty-seven consecutive COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring vvECMO.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Comprehensive vWF analyses (including sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) were performed before, during, and after vvECMO. In a subgroup of 12 patients with AVWS, effectiveness of treatment with desmopressin was assessed. The patients’ mean age was 53 years (range, 23–73), 70% were male, and all had various comorbidities. Following markedly elevated vwf antigen (vWF: Ag; mean, 546% (sd, 282]), vWF collagen binding capacity (mean, 469% [sd, 271]), vWF activity (vWF:A; mean, 383% [sd, 132]), and factor VIII activity (mean, 302% [sd, 106]), and only borderline decreases in high-molecular-weight (HMW) vWF multimers before vvECMO, all of these variables decreased and HMW vWF multimers became undetectable within hours following initiation of vvECMO. All variables fully recovered within 3–38 hours after discontinuation of vvECMO. During vvECMO, decreases in the vWF:A/vWF:Ag ratio correlated with absent HMW vWF multimers. Desmopressin did not affect vWF parameters.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS, AVWS developed soon after initiation of vvECMO. The vWF:A/vWF:Ag ratio was a suitable screening test for AVWS. As desmopressin was ineffective, bleeding during vvECMO-associated AVWS should preferably be treated with concentrates containing vWF.
The Effect of Care Pathways on Coronary Care Nurses: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Daghash Hanan , Abdullah Khatijah Lim , Ismail Muhammad Dzafir 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives:
A care pathway is a structured care plan based on best clinical practice for a particular patient group. It reorganizes a complex process by providing structured, standardized care and supportive multidisciplinary teamwork. Although care pathways are used worldwide, the impact and benefit of a care pathway for coronary care practices have been minimally debated. This preliminary study aimed to examine the effect of a care pathway on the autonomy, teamwork, and burnout levels among coronary care nurses in a tertiary hospital.

Methods:
A preliminary study was conducted using a pre/posttest one-group quasi-experimental design. A self-administered questionnaire was provided to 37 registered nurses from the cardiac ward of a tertiary hospital. The care pathway was developed on the basis of the current literature, local guidelines, and expert panel advice. The autonomy, teamwork, and burnout levels at the beginning and 4 months after disseminating the care pathway were measured. Implementing the care pathway included educational sessions, training in using the care pathway, and site visits to monitor nursing practices.

Results:
Most of the respondents were female (94.6%; n = 35), the median age of the respondents was 26.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 23-31), and the median length of the clinical experience was 4 years (IQR = 2-8). A statistically significant reduction in the mean burnout score was observed (mean of 58.12 vs 52.69, P < .05). A slight improvement in autonomy level was found, although it was not statistically significant. No statistically significant improvement was found in the teamwork levels.

Conclusion:
The care pathway was associated with reduced nurse burnout. The results showed a slight improvement in autonomy level among coronary care nurses after implementing the care pathway. From a practical viewpoint, the current study can help policy makers and managers reduce burnout. This study highlights the importance of using care pathways as a tool to reorganize the care process and improve the working environment. Managers must support nursing decisions and provide continuous education to enhance nurses' autonomy, which may increase understanding of respective roles, leading to higher levels of teamwork. However, with a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings might not be generalizable.