bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locality-Preserving Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Jinglin , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter proposes another nonlinear PLS method, named as locality-preserving partial least squares (LPPLS), which embeds the nonlinear degenerative and structure-preserving properties of LPP into the PLS model. The core of LPPLS is to replace the role of PCA in PLS with LPP. When extracting the principal components of $$\boldsymbol{t}_i$$

t

i

and $$\boldsymbol{u}_i$$

u

i

, two conditions must satisfy: (1) $$\boldsymbol{t}_i$$

t

i

and $$\boldsymbol{u}_i$$

u

i

retain the most information about the local nonlinear structure of their respective data sets. (2) The correlation between $$\boldsymbol{t}_i$$

t

i

and $$\boldsymbol{u}_i$$

u

i

is the largest. Finally, a quality-related monitoring strategy is established based on LPPLS.
New Robust Projection to Latent Structure
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Jinglin , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn many actual nonlinear systems, especially near the equilibrium point, linearity is the primary feature and nonlinearity is the secondary feature. For the system that deviates from the equilibrium point, the secondary nonlinearity or local structure feature can also be regarded as the small uncertainty part, just as the nonlinearity can be used to represent the uncertainty of a system (Wang et al. 2019). So this chapter also focuses on how to deal with the nonlinearity in PLS series method, but starts from an different view, i.e., robust PLS. Here the system nonlinearity is considered as uncertainty and a new robust $$\mathrm{L}_1$$

L
1

-PLS is proposed.
Bayesian Causal Network for Discrete Variables
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Jinglin , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnsuring the safety of industrial systems requires not only detecting the faults, but also locating them so that they can be eliminated. The previous chapters have discussed the fault detection and identification methods. Fault traceability is also an important issue in industrial system. This chapter and Chap. 10.1007/978-981-16-8044-1_14 aim at the fault inference and root tracking based on the probabilistic graphical model. This model explores the internal linkages of system variables quantitatively and qualitatively, so it avoids the bottleneck of multivariate statistical model without clear mechanism. The exacted features or principle components of multivariate statistical model are linear or nonlinear combinations of system variables and have not any physical meaning. So the multivariate statistical model is good at fault detection and identification, but not at fault root tracking.
Soft-Transition Sub-PCA Monitoring of Batch Processes
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Jinglin , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBatch or semi-batch processes have been utilized to produce high-value-added products in the biological, food, semi-conductor industries. Batch process, such as fermentation, polymerization, and pharmacy, is highly sensitive to the abnormal changes in operating condition. Monitoring of such processes is extremely important in order to get higher productivity. However, it is more difficult to develop an exact monitoring model of batch processes than that of continuous processes, due to the common natures of batch process: non-steady, time-varying, finite duration, and nonlinear behaviors. The lack of exact monitoring model in most batch processes leads that an operator cannot identify the faults when they occurred. Therefore, effective techniques for monitoring batch process exactly are necessary in order to remind the operator to take some corrective actions before the situation becomes more dangerous.
Statistics Decomposition and Monitoring in Original Variable Space
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Jinglin , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe traditional process monitoring method first projects the measured process data into the principle component subspace (PCS) and the residual subspace (RS), then calculates $$\mathrm T^2$$

T
2

and $$\mathrm SPE$$

S
P
E

statistics to detect the abnormality. However, the abnormality by these two statistics are detected from the principle components of the process. Principle components actually have no specific physical meaning, and do not contribute directly to identify the fault variable and its root cause. Researchers have proposed many methods to identify the fault variable accurately based on the projection space. The most popular is contribution plot which measures the contribution of each process variable to the principal element (Wang et al. 2017; Luo et al. 2017; Liu and Chen 2014). Moreover, in order to determine the control limits of the two statistics, their probability distributions should be estimated or assumed as specific one. The fault identification by statistics is not intuitive enough to directly reflect the role and trend of each variable when the process changes.
Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die physiotherapeutische und ärztliche Nachsorge nach Rekonstruktionen des vorderen Kreuzbandes
Authors: Bartek Benjamin , Jung Tobias , Schwiedernoch Antonia , Perka Carsten , Palmowski Yannick 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ziel der Studie war es, den Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die physiotherapeutische und ärztliche Nachsorge nach Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB) zu untersuchen.

Methoden
Insgesamt wurden 116 Patienten (72 Männer und 44 Frauen) eingeschlossen, die zwischen September 2019 und Dezember 2020 eine Rekonstruktion des VKB erhalten hatten. Die Patienten wurden in eine 2019 vor der COVID-19(„coronavirus disease“ 2019)-Pandemie operierte Patientengruppe sowie eine 2020 operierte, von der COVID-19-Pandemie unmittelbar betroffene Patientengruppe eingeteilt. Anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens wurden die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die ärztliche und physiotherapeutische Nachsorge sowie auf die Dauer der postoperativen Arbeitsunfähigkeit erhoben. Ergänzend erfolgte eine Auswertung des Bewegungsumfanges des operierten Knies 3 Monate postoperativ.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigte sich bei den 2020 operierten Patienten eine deutliche Tendenz zu einem höheren Anteil an Streckdefiziten ≥ 5° (18,8 % vs. 4,3 %, p = 0,097) oder einer maximalen Beugefähigkeit von < 120° (23,3 % vs. 10 %, p = 0,197) 3 Monate postoperativ, die allerdings nicht signifikant war. In der physiotherapeutischen und ärztlichen Nachsorge berichteten die 2020 operierten Patienten von signifikant längeren Wartezeiten auf Termine, späteren Zeitpunkten des ersten postoperativen Termins, einer höheren Anzahl vergeblicher Terminanfragen sowie einer höheren Anzahl abgesagter Termine. 34,9 % der 2020 operierten Patienten gaben an, die Dauer ihrer postoperativen Arbeitsunfähigkeit durch die Möglichkeiten zur Arbeit im Homeoffice verkürzt haben zu können. Pandemiebedingte alternative Behandlungsangebote wurden den Patienten von 13,3 % der Physiotherapeuten sowie 12,2 % der Ärzte angeboten.

Schlussfolgerung
Obwohl die physiotherapeutische und ärztliche Behandlung von keinem „Lockdown“ betroffen war, kam es aufgrund der Pandemie zu signifikanten Einschränkungen, welche sich auch in einer deutlichen Tendenz zu schlechteren klinischen Ergebnissen niederschlagen. Es besteht daher Bedarf an einem weiteren Ausbau alternativer Therapieoptionen, die bislang nur von 12–13 % der Praxen zur Verfügung gestellt werden und mutmaßlich auch für andere Erkrankungen von ähnlicher Bedeutung sind.
The social and ethical impacts of artificial intelligence in agriculture: mapping the agricultural AI literature
Authors: Ryan Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper will examine the social and ethical impacts of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the agricultural sector. It will identify what are some of the most prevalent challenges and impacts identified in the literature, how this correlates with those discussed in the domain of AI ethics, and are being implemented into AI ethics guidelines. This will be achieved by examining published articles and conference proceedings that focus on societal or ethical impacts of AI in the agri-food sector, through a thematic analysis of the literature. The thematic analysis will be divided based on the classifications outlined through 11 overarching principles, from an established lexicon (transparency, justice and fairness, non-maleficence, responsibility, privacy, beneficence, freedom and autonomy, trust, dignity, sustainability, and solidarity). While research on AI agriculture is still relatively new, this paper aims to map the debate and illustrate what the literature says in the context of social and ethical impacts. It aim is to analyse these impacts, based on these 11 principles. This research will contrast which impacts are not being discussed in agricultural AI and which issues are not being discussed in AI ethics guidelines, but which are discussed in relation to agricultural AI. The aim of this is to identify gaps within the agricultural literature, and gaps in AI ethics guidelines, that may need to be addressed.
Multi-objective Bayesian topology optimization of a lattice-structured heat sink in natural convection
Authors: Shimoyama Koji , Komiya Atsuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) has an affinity with topology optimization to think of various designs with complex structures. Hence, this paper aims to optimize the design of a lattice-structured heat sink, which can be manufactured by AM. The design objectives are to maximize the thermal performance of convective heat transfer in natural convection simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and to minimize the material cost required for AM process at the same time. The lattice structure is represented as a node/edge system via graph theory with a moderate number of design variables. Bayesian optimization, which employs the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and the Kriging surrogate model, is conducted to search for better designs with the minimum CFD cost. The present topology optimization successfully finds better lattice-structured heat sink designs than a reference fin-structured design regarding thermal performance and material cost. Also, several optimized lattice-structured designs outperform reference pin-fin-structured designs regarding thermal performance though the pin-fin structure is still advantageous for a material cost-oriented design. This paper also discusses the flow mechanism observed in the heat sink to explain how the optimized heat sink structure satisfies the competing design objectives simultaneously.
Uniform Estimates in Periodic Homogenization of Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Equations
Authors: Kim Sunghan , Lee Ki-Ahm 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with uniform $$C^{1,\alpha }$$

C

1
,
α

and $$C^{1,1}$$

C

1
,
1

estimates in periodic homogenization of fully nonlinear elliptic equations. The analysis is based on the compactness method, which involves linearization of the operator at each approximation step. Due to the nonlinearity of the equations, the linearized operators involve the Hessian of correctors, which appear in the previous step. The involvement of the Hessian of the correctors deteriorates the regularity of the linearized operator, and sometimes even changes its oscillating pattern. These issues are resolved with new approximation techniques, which yield a precise decomposition of the regular part and the irregular part of the homogenization process, along with a uniform control of the Hessian of the correctors in an intermediate level. The approximation techniques are even new in the context of linear equations. Our argument can be applied not only to concave operators, but also to certain class of non-concave operators.
Approximate Recovery and Relative Entropy I: General von Neumann Subalgebras
Authors: Faulkner Thomas , Hollands Stefan , Swingle Brian , Wang Yixu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe prove the existence of a universal recovery channel that approximately recovers states on a von Neumann subalgebra when the change in relative entropy, with respect to a fixed reference state, is small. Our result is a generalization of previous results that applied to type-I von Neumann algebras by Junge at al. [arXiv:1509.07127]. We broadly follow their proof strategy but consider here arbitrary von Neumann algebras, where qualitatively new issues arise. Our results hinge on the construction of certain analytic vectors and computations/estimations of their Araki–Masuda $$L_p$$

L
p

norms. We comment on applications to the quantum null energy condition.
Cortical abnormalities of synaptic vesicle protein 2A in focal cortical dysplasia type II identified in vivo with 18F-SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography imaging
Authors: Tang Yongxiang , Yu Jie , Zhou Ming , Li Jian , Long Tingting , Li Yulai , Feng Li , Chen Dengming , Yang Zhiquan , Huang Yiyun , Hu Shuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The loss of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is well established as the major correlate of epileptogenesis in focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCD II), but this has not been directly tested in vivo. In this positron emission tomography (PET) study with the new tracer 18F-SynVesT-1, we evaluated SV2A abnormalities in patients with FCD II and compared the pattern to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG).

Methods
Sixteen patients with proven FCD II and 16 healthy controls were recruited. All FCD II patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and static PET imaging with both 18F-SynVesT-1 and 18F-FDG, while the controls underwent MRI and PET with only 18F-SynVesT-1. Visual assessment of PET images was undertaken. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of 18F-SynVesT-1 were computed for regions of interest (ROIs), along with SUV ratio (SUVr) between ROI and centrum semiovale (white matter). Asymmetry indices (AIs) were analyzed between the lesion and the contralateral hemisphere for intersubject comparisons.

Results
Lesions in the brains of FCD II patients had significantly reduced 18F-SynVesT-1 uptake compared with contralateral regions, and brains of the controls. 18F-SynVesT-1 PET indicated low lesion uptake in 14 patients (87.5%), corresponding to hypometabolism detected by 18F-FDG PET, with higher accuracy for lesion localization than MRI (43.8%) (P < 0.05). AI analyses demonstrated that in the lesions, SUVr for each of the radiotracers were not significantly different (P > 0.05), and 18F-SynVesT-1 SUVr correlated with that of 18F-FDG across subjects (R2 = 0.41, P = 0.008). Subsequent visual ratings indicated that 18F-SynVesT-1 uptake had a more restricted pattern of reduction than 18F-FDG uptake in FCD II lesions (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
SV2A PET with 18F-SynVesT-1 shows a higher accuracy for the localization of FCD II lesions than MRI and a more restricted pattern of abnormality than 18F-FDG PET.
The effect of gadolinium-based contrast-agents on automated brain atrophy measurements by FreeSurfer in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lie Ingrid Anne , Kerklingh Emma , Wesnes Kristin , van Nederpelt David R. , Brouwer Iman , Torkildsen Øivind , Myhr Kjell-Morten , Barkhof Frederik , Bø Lars , Vrenken Hugo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
To determine whether reliable brain atrophy measures can be obtained from post-contrast 3D T1-weighted images in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using FreeSurfer.

Methods
Twenty-two patients with MS were included, in which 3D T1-weighted MR images were obtained during the same scanner visit, with the same acquisition protocol, before and after administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Two FreeSurfer versions (v.6.0.1 and v.7.1.1.) were applied to calculate grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes and global and regional cortical thickness. The consistency between measures obtained in pre- and post-contrast images was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), the difference was investigated by paired t-tests, and the mean percentage increase or decrease was calculated for total WM and GM matter volume, total deep GM and thalamus volume, and mean cortical thickness.

Results
Good to excellent reliability was found between all investigated measures, with ICC ranging from 0.926 to 0.996, all p values < 0.001. GM volumes and cortical thickness measurements were significantly higher in post-contrast images by 3.1 to 17.4%, while total WM volume decreased significantly by 1.7% (all p values < 0.001).

Conclusion
The consistency between values obtained from pre- and post-contrast images was excellent, suggesting it may be possible to extract reliable brain atrophy measurements from T1-weighted images acquired after administration of GBCAs, using FreeSurfer. However, absolute values were systematically different between pre- and post-contrast images, meaning that such images should not be compared directly. Potential systematic effects, possibly dependent on GBCA dose or the delay time after contrast injection, should be investigated.

Trial registration
Clinical trials.gov. identifier: NCT00360906.

Key Points
• The influence of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) on atrophy measurements is still largely unknown and challenges the use of a considerable source of historical and prospective real-world data.
• In 22 patients with multiple sclerosis, the consistency between brain atrophy measurements obtained from pre- and post-contrast images was excellent, suggesting it may be possible to extract reliable atrophy measurements in T1-weighted images acquired after administration of GBCAs, using FreeSurfer.
• Absolute values were systematically different between pre- and post-contrast images, meaning that such images should not be compared directly, and measurements extracted from certain regions (e.g., the temporal pole) should be interpreted with caution.
Revised D-A-CH reference values for the intake of biotin
Authors: Jungert Alexandra , Ellinger Sabine , Watzl Bernhard , Richter Margrit ,   the German Nutrition Society (DGE)
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The reference values for biotin intake for Germany, Austria and Switzerland lead back to a report in 2000. Following a timely update process, they were revised in 2020.

Methods
For infants aged 0 to < 4 months, adequate biotin supply via human milk was assumed and in consequence the reference value reflects the amount of biotin delivered by human milk. For infants aged 4 to < 12 months, biotin intake was extrapolated from the reference value for younger infants. Due to missing data on average requirement, the reference values for biotin intake for children, adolescents and adults were derived based on observed intake levels. The reference value for lactating women considered in addition biotin losses via human milk.

Results
The reference value for biotin intake for infants aged 0 to < 4 months was set at 4 µg/day and for infants aged 4 to < 12 months at 6 µg/day. In children and adolescents, the reference values for biotin intake ranged from 20 µg/day in children 1 to < 4 years to 40 µg/day in youths 15 to < 19 years. For adults including pregnant women, 40 µg/day was derived as reference value for biotin intake. For lactating women, this value was set at 45 µg/day.

Conclusions
As deficiency symptoms of biotin do not occur with a usual mixed diet and the average requirement cannot be determined, reference values for an adequate biotin intake for populations from Germany, Austria and Switzerland were derived from biotin intake levels assessed in population-based nutrition surveys.
Strain and interface energy of ellipsoidal inclusions subjected to volumetric eigenstrains: shape factors
Authors: Böhm H. J. , Zickler G. A. , Fischer F. D. , Svoboda J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThermodynamic modeling of the development of non-spherical inclusions as precipitates in alloys is an important topic in computational materials science. The precipitates may have markedly different properties compared to the matrix. Both the elastic contrast and the misfit eigenstrain may yield a remarkable generation of elastic strain energy which immediately influences the kinetics of the developing precipitates. The relevant thermodynamic framework has been mostly based on spherical precipitates. However, the shapes of actual particles are often not spherical. The energetics of such precipitates can be met by adapting the spherical energy terms with shape factors. The well-established Eshelby framework is used to evaluate the elastic strain energy of inclusions with ellipsoidal shapes (described by the axes a, b, and c) that are subjected to a volumetric transformation strain. The outcome of the study is two shape factors, one for the elastic strain energy and the other for the interface energy. Both quantities are provided in the form of easy-to-use diagrams. Furthermore, threshold elastic contrasts yielding strain energy shape factors with the value 1.0 for any ellipsoidal shape are studied.
Outcome of ERCP related to case-volume
Authors: Syrén Eva-Lena , Sandblom Gabriel , Enochsson Lars , Eklund Arne , Isaksson Bengt , Österberg Johanna , Eriksson Staffan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
In some studies, high endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) case-volume has been shown to correlate to high success rate in terms of successful cannulation and fewer adverse events. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between ERCP success and complications, and endoscopist and centre case-volumes.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Swedish National Register for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks) on all ERCPs performed for Common Bile Duct Stone (CBDS) (n = 17,873) and suspected or confirmed malignancy (n = 6152) between 2009 and 2018. Successful cannulation rate, procedure time, intra- and postoperative complication rates and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) rate, were compared with endoscopist and centre ERCP case-volumes during the year preceding the procedure as predictor.

Results
In multivariable analyses of the CBDS group adjusting for age, gender and year, a high endoscopist case-volume was associated with higher successful cannulation rate, lower complication and PEP rates, and shorter procedure time (p < 0.05). Centres with a high annual case-volume were associated with high successful cannulation rate and shorter procedure time (p < 0.05), but not lower complication and PEP rates.
When indication for ERCP was malignancy, a high endoscopist case-volume was associated with high successful cannulation rate and low PEP rates (p < 0.05), but not shorter procedure time or low complication rate. Centres with high case-volume were associated with high successful cannulation rate and low complication and PEP rates (p < 0.05), but not shorter procedure time.

Conclusions
The results suggest that higher endoscopist and centre case-volumes are associated with safer ERCP and successful outcome.