bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immersive virtual reality for increasing presence and empathy
Authors: Han Insook , Shin Hyoung Seok , Ko Yujung , Shin Won Sug 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmersive VR is still rarely used as an intervention for meeting the affective end goals of student learning despite its positive impact on affection. Also, studies regarding the use of immersive VR as an intervention for affective achievement in broader educational contexts are still lacking. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of immersive VR and perspective‐taking on presence and empathy.MethodsA total of 148 pre‐service teachers participated in experiments, using either a head‐mounted display or a flat screen device to view two VR videos with different perspective‐taking affordances. This study used a mixed design with one between‐subject variable of immersion level and one within‐subject variable of perspective‐taking to explore how immersive VR experiences influenced participants’ perceived level of presence and empathy.Results and ConclusionsThe results showed that the level of immersion affects perceived presence, but it was the type of perspective‐taking that affects empathetic reactions. We also found an interaction effect between immersion levels and perspective‐taking. The direct embodiment in VR combined with high immersion produced stronger empathy than with low immersion, while the perspective of an observer was better in evoking empathy when experienced with low immersion.ImplicationsThis study gives a guidance on how to take advantage of this new technology in educational settings, and apply it to instructional activities to enhance students’ empathy. In addition, it could serve as a reference when developing or introducing educational contents with respect to the types of contents that are more effective in educational settings.
Influence of respiration and tissue contact on ventricular substrate identification during high density mapping: Results from an ovine infarct model
Authors: Campbell Timothy , Bennett Richard G. , Anderson Robert D. , Turnbull Samual , Kumar Saurabh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionMultielectrode mapping (MEM) and automated point collection are important enhancements to substrate mapping in ventricular tachycardia ablation. The effects of tissue contact and respiration on electrogram voltage with differing depolarization wavefronts with MEM catheters are unclear.MethodsBipolar and unipolar voltages were collected from control (n = 5) and infarcted (n = 7) animals with a multispline MEM catheter. Electro‐anatomic maps were created in sinus rhythm, and right and left ventricular pacing. Analysis was performed across three collections: standard settings (SS), respiratory‐phase gating (RG), and electrode‐tissue proximity (TP). Comparison was made to scar detected by cardiac MRI (cMRI).ResultsCompared to SS and RG acquisition, median bipolar and unipolar voltages were higher using TP, regardless of the depolarization wavefront. In infarct animals, bipolar voltages were 30.7%–50.5% higher for bipolar and 8.7%–13.8% higher on unipolar voltages with TP, compared to SS. The effect of RG on bipolar and unipolar voltages was minimal. Percentage of local abnormal ventricular activities was not impacted by acquisition settings or wavefront direction in infarct animals. Compared with cMRI defined scar, all three acquisition settings overestimated scar area using standard voltage‐based cutoffs. RG improved the low voltage area concordance with MRI by 1.6%–5.1% whereas TP improved by 5.9%–8.4%.ConclusionsHigh density voltage mapping with a MEM catheter is influenced by point collection settings. Tissue contact filters reduced low voltage areas and improved agreement with cMRI fibrosis in infarcted ovine hearts. These findings have critical implications for optimizing filter settings for high density substrate mapping in the left ventricle.
Point‐of‐care sural nerve conduction could predict the presence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nattero‐Chávez Lía , Luque‐Ramírez Manuel , Quiñones‐Silva Jhonatan , Montánez Laura , Fernández‐Durán Elena , Dorado‐Avendaño Beatriz , Escobar‐Morreale Héctor F. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTAimsAssessment for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus remains time‐consuming in the clinical setting. We aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of a portable point‐of‐care diagnostic tool (POCD) for assessing sural nerve conduction during the screening of CAN.MethodsNerve amplitude (AMPPOCD) and conduction velocity (CVPOCD) were measured in a cross‐sectional study including 198 asymptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes. CAN was diagnosed by the Ewing score and power spectral heart rate [low‐frequency (LF) and high‐frequency (HF) activity]. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by ROC curves.ResultsCVPOCD and AMPPOCD showed positive correlations with LF and HF, and a negative correlation with age. Overall, AMPPOCD had an 81.7% accuracy in identifying CAN [AUC = 0.817 (95% CI 0.692–0.942)] with an AMPPOCD ≤6 μV showing 90% sensitivity and 73% specificity. In a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis, the model (R2: 0.297; P < 0.001) retained the duration of type 1 diabetes [β: 1.131 (95% CI: 1.051–1.216); P = 0.001) and A1c [β: 2.131 (95% CI: 1.060–4.283); P = 0.034) as significant predictors of CAN. The combination of AMPPOCD ≤6 μV + a type 1 diabetes duration of ≥8 years maximized the sensitivity, showing a diagnostic performance of 87% [AUC = 0.867 (95% CI 0.769–0.965)] with 90%, 76%, and 99%, sensitivity, specificity, and NPV, respectively. Adding A1c ≥ 7% to this model maintained accuracy [AUC = 0.867 (95% CI: 0.788–0.963) and NPV (99%), while increasing specificity to 84%.ConclusionsThe combination of AMPPOCD with A1c and the duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus showed a good performance for the detection of asymptomatic CAN, making POCD an easy and rapid test for its routine screening in the clinical setting.
Randomized prospective study of low‐dose isotretinoin alone and combination with salicylic acid and mandelic peel against acne tarda
Authors: Dixit Nibedita , Jena Ajaya , Panda Maitreyee , Debasmita Behera , Ipsita Debata 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne tarda (AT) is typically known as adult acne and most preferably affected 25–45 age groups. Used isotretinoid monotherapy is not effective and also produces side effects from long treatment.AimThe present study assesses the effectiveness of combined treatment of oral isotretinoid with topical chemical peeling (20% salicylic and 10% mandelic acid known as SM peeling) by a comparative double‐blind randomized single‐center interventional open‐label study.Materials and MethodsA total fifty‐eight participants AT outpatients (25–45 age groups) attending for diagnosis in two groups and effectiveness of proposed combined treatments were determined at baseline and follow‐up within 4‐week interval. Briefly group A (n = 28) received 0.5 mg/kg of oral isotretinoin once daily for 16 weeks and group B (n = 30) received the same oral dose, addition with SM peeling every 4 weeks interval for 16 weeks. After 4 weeks, treatment efficacy was assessed based on Michelson's acne severity index (MASI) and visual analog scale (VAS), further validated using statistical tools.ResultsBased on MASI and VAS scores, combined treatment was significantly effective than the monotherapy. The pre‐ and post‐treatment analyses of response to scarring, inflammatory components at baseline and at the end of treatment were also statistically significant with p > 0.008.ConclusionThe above investigation revealed that the combination of oral isotretinoin with SM peeling was highly effective and could be used as newer therapy against AT without any serious side effects.
The efficacy and tolerability of 40% pyruvic acid peel on acne vulgaris, post acne scar and hyperpigmentation in Indians
Authors: Keisham Chitralekha , Yumnam Lokendra Singh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionPyruvic acid in concentration between 40% and 70% is currently been used as a superficial to medium peeling agent for various dermatological indications including acne. However, there is a paucity of its efficacy studies on acne in Asians, particularly in Indian skin.AimOur study was aimed at determining the efficacy and tolerability of 40% pyruvic acid on acne, post‐acne hyperpigmentation, and scarring.Materials and MethodsA total of 30 patients with active acne, post‐acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation were included. Patients already on oral antibiotic or topical antiacne medication for the last 4 weeks, a history of hypertrophic scarring, keloids, active or recurrent herpes were excluded. Chemical peeling was done at 2 weekly interval from 0 to 12 weeks. An objective assessment of active acne lesions, post‐acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation was made at each visit that is at 0, 4,8,12, and 24 weeks. Patients were followed up 2 weeks after the last peel and again at 24 weeks. Permission from the ethical committee was also obtained.ResultsThere was significant decrease in the number of comedones at 12 weeks compared with 0 week (p = 0.001). Similarly, the number of papules decreased from o weeks to 12 weeks (p value 0.004). Acne score improved from 0 weeks to 12 weeks (p < 0.0001); from 0 weeks to 24 weeks (p = 0.011). and hyperpigmentation improved from 0 weeks to 12 weeks (p = 0.008); from 0 weeks to 24 weeks (p = 0.021).ConclusionOur study showed a significant decrease in comedones, papules, acne score, and hyperpigmentation, though acne scar did not improve significantly. However, a study with larger sample is needed due to the limited number of patient population in our study.
Factor Momentum and the Momentum Factor
Authors: EHSANI SINA , LINNAINMAA JUHANI T. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTMomentum in individual stock returns relates to momentum in factor returns. Most factors are positively autocorrelated: the average factor earns a monthly return of six basis points following a year of losses and 51 basis points following a positive year. We find that factor momentum concentrates in factors that explain more of the cross section of returns and that it is not incidental to individual stock momentum: momentum‐neutral factors display more momentum. Momentum found in high‐eigenvalue principal component factors subsumes most forms of individual stock momentum. Our results suggest that momentum is not a distinct risk factor—it times other factors.
A theory of voluntary testing and self‐isolation in an ongoing pandemic
Authors: Hellmann Thomas , Thiele Veikko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBeyond Covid‐19, there is a growing interest in what economic structures will be needed to face ongoing pandemics. In this paper, we focus on the diagnostic problem and examine a new paradigm of voluntary self‐testing by private individuals. We develop a dynamic model where individuals without symptoms face daily choices of either taking the risk of going out (to work and socialize), staying at home in self‐isolation, or using a test to verify whether they are infected before going out. Our central insight is that the equilibrium public infection risk falls when home‐based testing becomes cheaper and easier to use, even if they generate both false‐positive (type I error) and false‐negative (type II error) test outcomes. We also show that the presence of naïve individuals actually reduces the equilibrium infection risk in the economy. Overall our model shows that, even if inaccurate, home‐based tests are vital for an economy facing an ongoing pandemic.
Regular dental visits, periodontitis, tooth loss, and atherosclerosis: The Ohasama study
Authors: Yamada Sho , Komiyama Takamasa , Ohi Takashi , Murakami Takahisa , Miyoshi Yoshitada , Endo Kosei , Hiratsuka Takako , Hara Azusa , Satoh Michihiro , Tatsumi Yukako , Inoue Ryusuke , Asayama Kei , Kikuya Masahiro , Hozawa Atsushi , Metoki Hirohito , Imai Yutaka , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Hattori Yoshinori 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to explore the association between regular dental visits and atherosclerosis and between periodontitis, number of remaining teeth, and atherosclerosis among community dwellers in Japan.BackgroundFew studies have examined the association between regular dental visits, periodontitis, tooth loss, and atherosclerosis in community dwellers in Japan.MethodsThe participants of this cross‐sectional study included community dwellers aged ≥55 years and residing in Ohasama. Exposure variables were regular dental visits; periodontitis, defined as radiographic alveolar bone loss (BL); the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) classification; and number of remaining teeth. The primary outcome was atherosclerosis, defined as maximum carotid intima‐media thickness ≥1.1 mm or confirmation of atheromatous plaque.ResultsOf 602 participants, 117 had atherosclerosis. In the multivariate model, compared to those with regular dental visits, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of atherosclerosis among those with the absence of regular dental visits was 2.16 (1.03–4.49). Regarding BL‐max, compared with those in the first quartile, ORs (95% CIs) of those in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.15 (0.65–2.30), 0.65 (0.32–1.35), and 1.57 (0.81–3.01), respectively. Regarding CDC/AAP classification, compared to those with no or mild periodontitis, ORs (95% CIs) for those with moderate and severe periodontitis were 2.48 (0.61–10.1) and 4.26 (1.01–17.5), respectively. Regarding the number of remaining teeth, compared to those with ≥20 teeth, ORs (95%CIs) for those with 10–19 and 1–9 teeth were 1.77 (1.004–3.12) and 0.96 (0.52–1.80), respectively.ConclusionThe absence of regular dental visits and presence of periodontitis are associated with atherosclerosis among community dwellers in Japan.
Quantification of gastroesophageal regurgitation in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Appelgrein Carla , Hosgood Giselle , Thompson Mary , Coiacetto Flaminia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux and regurgitation occurs in brachycephalic dogs, but objective assessment is lacking.ObjectivesQuantify reflux in brachycephalic dogs using an esophageal pH probe and determine the association with scored clinical observations.AnimalsFifty‐one brachycephalic dogs.MethodsCase review study. Signs of respiratory and gastrointestinal disease severity were graded based on owner assessment. An esophageal pH probe with 2 pH sensors was placed for 18‐24 hours in brachycephalic dogs that presented for upper airway assessment. Proximal and distal reflux were indicated by detection of fluid with a pH ≤4. The median reflux per hour, percentage time pH ≤4, number of refluxes ≥5 minutes and longest reflux event for distal and proximal sensors were recorded. Association of preoperative respiratory and gastrointestinal grade, laryngeal collapse grade, and previous airway surgery with the distal percentage time pH ≤4 was examined using 1‐way ANOVA.ResultsA total of 43 of 51 dogs (84%; 95% confidence interval 72‐92) displayed abnormal reflux with a median (range) distal percentage time pH ≤4 of 6.4 (2.5‐36.1). There was no significant association between the distal percentage time pH ≤4 and respiratory grade, gastrointestinal grade, laryngeal collapse grade, or previous upper airway surgery.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe occurrence of reflux is not associated with owner‐assessed preoperative respiratory and gastrointestinal grade, laryngeal collapse grade, and previous airway surgery. Esophageal pH measurement provides an objective assessment tool before and after surgery.
A snapshot of progenitor–derivative speciation in Iberodes (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Otero Ana , Vargas Pablo , Fernández‐Mazuecos Mario , Jiménez‐Mejías Pedro , Valcárcel Virginia , Villa‐Machío Irene , Hipp Andrew L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTraditional classification of speciation modes has focused on physical barriers to gene flow. Allopatric speciation with complete reproductive isolation is viewed as the most common mechanism of speciation. Parapatry and sympatry, by contrast, entail speciation in the face of ongoing gene flow, making them more difficult to detect. The genus Iberodes (Boraginaceae, NW Europe) comprises five species with contrasting morphological traits, habitats and species distributions. Based on the predominance of narrow and geographically distant endemic species, we hypothesized that geographical barriers were responsible for most speciation events in Iberodes. We undertook an integrative study including: (i) phylogenomics through restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq), (ii) genetic structure analyses, (iii) demographic modelling, (iv) morphometrics, and (v) climatic niche modelling and niche overlap analysis. The results revealed a history of recurrent progenitor–derivative speciation manifested by a paraphyletic pattern of nested species differentiation. Budding speciation mediated by ecological differentiation is suggested for the coastal lineage, deriving from the inland widespread Iberodes linifolia during the Late Pliocene. Meanwhile, geographical isolation followed by niche shifts are suggested for the more recent differentiation of the coastland taxa. Our work provides a model for distinguishing speciation via ecological differentiation of peripheral, narrowly endemic I. kuzinskyanae and I. littoralis from a widespread extant ancestor, I. linifolia. Ultimately, our results illustrate a case of Pliocene speciation in the probable absence of geographical barriers and get away from the traditional cladistic perspective of speciation as producing two species from an extinct ancestor, thus reminding us that phylogenetic trees tell only part of the story.
Corruption, institutional quality, and offshoring: How do they affect comparative advantage, inter‐country wage inequality, and economic growth?
Authors: Afonso Óscar , Longras Ana Rita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe analyze whether, due to the effects on corruption, institutional quality, and offshoring affect comparative advantage, income inequality between countries and economic growth. We start by developing a theoretical model of endogenous R&D growth for an integrated area with two representative countries that differ in the economic development level. Then, we estimate an econometric model with panel data, considering combinations of 14 different countries, between 2000 and 2017. We show that an improvement in offshoring increases the comparative advantage of developing‐South countries and decreases the wage gap between developed‐North and South countries. In turn, an improvement in institutional quality increases the comparative advantage of the North and widens the wage gap between countries. Whatever the improvement, there is always an increase in the world economic growth rate. Thus, all countries can improve their position in international trade, labor market, and economic growth through the conduction of policies that reduce corruption and, respectively, increase the quality of institutions and the attractiveness for the offshoring.
Maintaining health professional education during war: A scoping review
Authors: Dobiesz Valerie A. , Schwid Madeline , Dias Roger D. , Aiwonodagbon Benjamin , Tayeb Baraa , Fricke Adrienne , Pham Phuong , Erickson Timothy B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeWar negatively impacts health professional education when health care is needed most. The aims of this scoping review are to describe the scope of barriers and targeted interventions to maintaining health professional education during war and summarise the research.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review between 20 June 2018 and 2 August 2018. The search was restricted to English publications including peer‐reviewed publications without date ranges involving war and health professional education (medical school, residency training and nursing school), with interventions described to maintain educational activities. Two independent reviewers completed inclusion determinations and data abstraction. Thematic coding was performed using an inductive approach allowing dominant themes to emerge. The frequency of barrier and intervention themes and illustrative quotes were extracted. Articles were divided into modern/postmodern categories to permit temporal and historical analysis of thematic differences.ResultsScreening identified 3271 articles, with 56 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Publication dates ranged from 1914–2018 with 17 unique wars involving 17 countries. The studies concerned medical students (61.4%), residents (28.6%) and nursing students (10%). Half involved the modern era and half the postmodern era. Thematic coding identified five categories of barriers and targeted interventions in maintaining health professions education during war: curriculum, personnel, wellness, resources, and oversight, with most involving curriculum and personnel. The distribution of themes among various health professional trainees was similar. The frequency and specifics changed temporally reflecting innovations in medical education and war, with increased focus on oversight and personnel during the modern era and greater emphasis on wellness, curriculum, and resources during the postmodern era.ConclusionsThere are overarching categories of barriers and targeted interventions in maintaining health professional education during war which evolve over time. These may serve as a useful framework to strategically support future research and policy efforts.
Duodenal cholinergic tuft cell number is increased in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Oshima Tadayuki , Akiba Yasutada , Yoshimoto Takanori , Chen Junji , Taki Masato , Tomita Toshihiko , Fukui Hirokazu , Kaunitz Jonathan D. , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐grade duodenal inflammation has recently been identified in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Chemosensory tuft cells were reported to be associated with gastrointestinal diseases. We therefore assessed duodenal tuft cell density and microinflammation in patients with FD to determine whether these measures could serve as useful biomarkers, and also correlated tuft cell density and microinflammation in FD patients.MethodsDuodenal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with FD and from controls. Tuft cells, eosinophils, and mast cells were immunochemically stained with specific antibodies. Tuft cells were identified by immunostaining for doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1); cholinergic tuft cells were assessed by double staining for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and DCLK1. Immune‐type tuft cells were assessed by IL‐25 mRNA expression using real‐time PCR.Key ResultsThe density of intramucosal eosinophils and mast cells was significantly higher in the duodenum of FD patients than in controls. The density of tuft cells was significantly higher in the duodenum of FD patients compared with controls, and significantly correlated with eosinophil density in the duodenum of FD patients and controls. Moreover, a fraction of ChAT‐positive cells was DCLK1 positive; all duodenal DCLK1+ tuft cells were ChAT‐immunoreactive in FD and in control subjects.Conclusions and InferencesCholinergic tuft cell density was higher in the duodenum of patients with FD and significantly correlated with eosinophil density. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathophysiological significance of tuft cells in FD and may provide valuable clues to the pathophysiology of FD.