bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Coordination: Does Preannouncement Media Coverage Improve Earnings Expectations?*
Authors: Xu Nina 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThis study examines whether and how media coverage improves price discovery before earnings announcements. Given the broad reach and timeliness of media coverage, understanding its role in forming earnings expectations is important. I posit that the media specialize in searching for and screening news, while institutional investors and financial analysts specialize in interpreting and integrating information. I expect these coordinated efforts to improve earnings expectations and preempt upcoming earnings announcements. Consistent with this prediction, I find (i) preannouncement media coverage is negatively associated with price revaluations during earnings announcements, (ii) preannouncement media coverage is positively associated with institutional investors' information acquisition and financial analysts' forecast frequency, and (iii) institutional information acquisition and analyst forecast activity are two mechanisms by which media coverage preempts upcoming earnings. My main results are robust to short‐window tests and identification concerns. Overall, my findings suggest that media coverage coordinates information efforts and accelerates the incorporation of information in prices, facilitating preannouncement price discovery.
The treatment of mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis by cervical pulpotomy: A systematic review
Authors: Skitioui Mohamed , Seck Anta , Niang Seydina Ousmane , Fikhar Anass , Touré Babacar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPulpotomy has been used in primary teeth and immature permanent teeth. However, with the advent of new bioactive material, the procedure is shifting towards permanent teeth with mature apices of roots. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the success of pulpotomy on mature permanent teeth with acute irreversible pulpitis and to compare it with root canal treatment or between the effectiveness of the bioactive material used. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane Library: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. After using the keywords predefined, the electronic search yielded a total of 86 articles. After undergoing a thorough screening and eligibility process, only four articles were finally selected. Unexpectedly, pulpotomy demonstrated a better tendency for success in such cases over the years. This shows that pulpotomy is not inferior to root canal treatment for permanent treatment of irreversible pulpitis. In addition, the results obtained showed that pulpotomy is rapid, biologically reliable and more cost‐effective in all situations compared to root canal therapy. Complete pulpotomy appears to have a high success rate as a permanent treatment of irreversible pulpitis and could be considered as an alternative to root canal therapy. Pulpotomy is not inferior to root canal treatment for a permanent treatment of irreversible pulpitis. In addition, the results obtained have shown that complete pulpotomy is faster and more profitable in all situations compared to root canal treatment. Furthermore, with the advent of new so‐called bioactive materials, the use of this therapeutic is increasingly considered. This is why a review based on studies of reliable articles is above all necessary to be able to generalise the indication of this therapy.
DNA methylation reprogramming of genomic imprints in the mammalian germline: A TET‐centric view
Authors: Caldwell Blake A. , Bartolomei Marisa S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe mammalian genome undergoes extensive epigenetic reprogramming twice during development, once during gestation when primordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified from somatic cells and a second time after fertilization in the preimplantation embryo. PGC differentiation into germ cells involves DNA demethylation and subsequent remethylation. DNA demethylation takes place in two waves in the mouse germline, an early phase where most of the genome is demethylated by replication coupled passive demethylation, and a second phase predominated by active DNA demethylation. Imprinted genes, CpG islands on the inactive X chromosome of females, and germline‐specific genes are among those loci that are demethylated late. The Ten‐Eleven Translocation (TET) family of 5 mC dioxygenases has emerged as active demethylating enzymes that are critical to achieving a DNA hypomethylated state, with TET1 being the most important for imprinted genes. Here, we discuss DNA methylation dynamics in the mammalian genome, with a particular emphasis on DNA demethylation in the germline and the requirement for TET1 in imprinted gene reprogramming.
Liver transplant‐free survival according to alkaline phosphatase and GLOBE score in patients with primary biliary cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid
Authors: de Veer Rozanne C. , Harms Maren H. , Corpechot Christophe , Thorburn Douglas , Invernizzi Pietro , Janssen Harry L. A. , Battezzati Pier M. , Nevens Frederik , Lindor Keith D. , Floreani Annarosa , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , Mayo Marlyn J. , Parés Albert , Mason Andrew L. , Kowdley Kris V. , Trivedi Palak J. , Hirschfield Gideon M. , Bruns Tony , Dalekos George N. , Gatselis Nikolaos K. , Verhelst Xavier , Lammers Willem J. , Hansen Bettina E. , van Buuren Henk R. , van der Meer Adriaan J. ,   the Global PBC Study Group
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundAfter 1 year of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) may have a normal GLOBE score despite high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels.AimTo assess the association between ALP and liver transplantation (LT)‐free survival according to the GLOBE scoreMethodsAmong patients with a normal or elevated GLOBE score in the Global PBC cohort, the association between ALP after 1 year of UDCA and the risk of LT/death was assessed. The LT‐free survival was compared with that of a matched general population.ResultsAfter 1 year of UDCA, ALP was associated with the risk of LT/death (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.003–1.72, p = 0.048) among 2729 patients with a normal GLOBE score. The 10‐year LT‐free survival among these patients with an ALP >2.0 × ULN was 94.0% (95% CI 90.1–97.9) for those <50 years, and 82.6% (95% CI 76.5–88.7) for those ≥50 years, which was significantly lower (p = 0.040) and similar (p = 0.736) to that of the matched population, respectively. The 10‐year LT‐free survival in patients ≥50 years with normal GLOBE score and normal ALP (90.8%, 95% CI 87.7–93.9) was significantly higher (p = 0.022) than the matched population. Among 1045 patients with an elevated GLOBE score, ALP was associated with LT/death only in those <50 years (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.06–1.81, p = 0.016).ConclusionThe LT‐free survival of patients with PBC with a normal GLOBE score is optimal in case of normal ALP levels, also in relation to the general population. Despite their generally favourable prognosis, an elevated ALP level may still indicate a need for add‐on therapy.
Carnosol attenuated atrophy of C2C12 myotubes induced by tumour‐derived exosomal miR‐183‐5p through inhibiting Smad3 pathway activation and keeping mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Kuang Ji‐Xia , Shen Qiang , Zhang Rui‐Qin , Fang Qiao‐Yu , Deng Xue , Fan Meng , Cheng Chun‐Ru , Zhang Xiong‐Wen , Liu Xuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCancer‐derived exosomes are involved in the development of cancer cachexia. Carnosol, which exhibited ameliorating effects on cancer cachexia of C26 tumour‐bearing mice in our previous study, alleviated atrophy of C2C12 myotubes induced by exosomes of C26 tumour cells in the present study. MiR‐183‐5p was found to be rich in C26 cells and C26 exosomes, and miR‐183‐5p mimic could directly induce atrophy of C2C12 myotubes. Carnosol at 5 to 20 μM could dose‐dependently ameliorate the myotube atrophy induced by miR‐183‐5p. Four and a half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1) was shown to be the direct target of miR‐183‐5p. Increase in myostatin, p‐Smad3, MuRF‐1, Atrogin‐1, HIF‐1α and p‐STAT3 and decrease in mitochondrial respiration were also induced by miR‐183‐5p mimic in C2C12 myotubes. Carnosol could not affect the decrease in FHL‐1 and the activation of STAT3 pathway but could significantly alleviate the increase in myostatin, p‐Smad3, MuRF‐1, Atrogin‐1 and the decrease in mitochondrial respiration induced by miR‐183‐5p. The protective effects of carnosol on myotubes against atrophy of C2C12 myotubes induced by miR‐183‐5p, based on both its inhibiting effects on MuRF‐1 and Atrogin‐1‐mediated protein degradation and its ability of keeping the mitochondrial respiration, might contribute to its ameliorating effects on cancer cachexia.
Nomogram to differentiate benign and malignant thyroid nodules in the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System level 5
Authors: Hu Ting , Li Zhengyi , Peng Chuan , Huang Libing , Li Huifang , Han Xu , Long Xingzhang , Huang Wei , Zou Ruhai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and validate a nomogram for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules of American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS) level 5 (TR5) and improving the performance of the guideline.MethodsFrom May 2018 to December 2019, 640 patients with TR5 nodules were retrospectively included in the primary cohort. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for thyroid cancer. A nomogram was established on the basis of multivariable analyses; the performance of the nomogram was evaluated with respect to discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. The nomogram model was also compared to the ACR score model. External validation was performed and the independent validation cohort contained 201 patients from April 2021 to January 2022.ResultsMultivariable analyses showed that age, tumour location, multifocality, concomitant Hashimoto's disease, neck lymph node status reported by ultrasound (US) and ACR score were the independent risk factors for thyroid cancer (all p < .05). The nomogram showed good discrimination, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.786 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.742–0.830) and 0.712 (95% CI: 0.615–0.809) in the primary cohort and external validation cohort, respectively. Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the model. Compared to the ACR score model, the nomogram showed higher AUC (0.786 vs. 0.626, p < .001) and specificity (0.783 vs. 0.391).ConclusionsThe presented nomogram model, based on age, tumour features and ACR score, can differentiate benign and malignant thyroid nodules in TR5 and had a high specificity.
Evaluation of peritumoral inflammatory infiltration and its relationship with different prognostic factors in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jowkar Farideh , Sari Aslani Fatemeh , Pourian Behnaz , Nozari Farnoosh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common skin cancers. Prognostic factors, such as tumor thickness, play a crucial role in the management of these patients. Peritumoral inflammatory infiltration has been shown to influence the prognosis of malignancies. This study aimed to determine different prognostic factors and investigate peritumoral inflammatory infiltration in patients with cSCC.MethodsThe study population consisted of 272 patients with a diagnosis of cSCC. Clinical data, such as age and tumor location, were extracted from pathology reports, and other information was gathered by contacting the patients via phone calls. All pathology slides were reviewed by an expert dermatopathologist, and the histopathological features and prognostic factors were evaluated.ResultsThe highest number of tumors was found in the scalp and forehead (21.3%), while the lowest number was found in the trunk and thighs (3.31%). The highest mean tumor thickness was observed in the group with no inflammatory cells; on the other hand, the lowest tumor thickness was found in the group of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The group with severe eosinophilic infiltration had the highest mean tumor thickness, while the group with no eosinophilic infiltration had the lowest mean tumor thickness.ConclusionDepending on the type of peritumoral inflammatory cells, the prognosis of cSCC may be predictable.
Creative Long Covid: A qualitative exploration of the experience of Long Covid through the medium of creative narratives
Authors: Pearson Mark , Singh Prerna , Bartel Heike , Crawford Paul , Allsopp Gail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare is witnessing a new disease with the emergence of Long Covid; a condition which can result in myriad symptoms, varying in frequency and severity. As new data are emerging to help inform treatment guidelines, the perspectives of those living with Long Covid are essential in informing healthcare practice. The research aimed to collect the narratives of people living with Long Covid to better understand the lived experience of this condition. In attempting to narrate complex or traumatic experiences the arts and humanities can offer alternative ways of expressing embodied narratives, representing rich sources of meaning. Therefore, the research specifically sought to elicit creative expressions from participants with lived experience of Long Covid.MethodsData were collected via an online repository where participants could submit their pieces of creative writing. Data were collected between August 2021 and January 2022 and a total of 28 submissions were received from participants. These were mostly written creative narratives. However, a small number were submitted as audio or video files of spoken word poetry or songs. Data collection was stopped once data saturation was achieved.ResultsThe submissions were subjected to thematic analysis and five themes were generated. These five themes are Identity, social relationships, symptoms, interaction with healthcare systems and time. The results provide an insight into the experience of Long Covid as detailed by the participants' creative narratives.ConclusionThe results from this study provide a unique insight into the lived experience of Long Covid. In relation to clinical practice, the results suggest that adjustment reaction and loss of sense of self could be added as common symptoms.Patient and Public ContributionBefore undertaking the research, Long Covid community groups were contacted to discuss the potential value of this study and it was widely supported. One of the leading Long Covid support groups was also involved in disseminating information regarding the project. As part of ongoing work within this project, members of the team are actively disseminating the results within Long Covid communities and seeking to develop arts‐based workshops specifically for people with Long Covid.
User experience of self‐reported computerized medical history taking for acute chest pain: The Clinical Expert Operating System Chest Pain Danderyd Study
Authors: Sundberg Kay , Adeli Athena , Brandberg Helge , Spaak Jonas , Koch Sabine , Sundberg Carl J. , Zakim David , Kahan Thomas , Fritzell Kaisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveChest pain is one of the most common complaints in emergency departments (EDs). Self‐reported computerized history taking (CHT) programmes can be used for interpretation of the clinical significance of medical information coming directly from patients. The adoption of CHT in clinical practice depends on reactions and attitudes to the technology from patients and their belief that the technology will have benefits for their medical care. The study objective was to explore the user experience of the self‐reported CHT programme Clinical Expert Operating System (CLEOS) in the setting of patients visiting an ED for acute chest pain.MethodsThis qualitative interview study is part of the ongoing CLEOS‐Chest Pain Danderyd Study. A subset (n = 84) of the larger sample who had taken part in self‐reported history taking during waiting times at the ED were contacted by telephone and n = 54 (64%) accepted participation. An interview guide with open‐ended questions was used and the text was analysed using directed content analysis.ResultsThe patients' experiences of the CLEOS programme were overall positive although some perceived it as extensive. The programme was well accepted and despite the busy environment, patients were highly motivated and deemed it helpful to make a diagnosis. Six categories of user experience emerged: The clinical context, The individual context, Time aspect, Acceptability of the programme, Usability of the programme and Perceptions of usefulness in a clinical setting.ConclusionsThe programme was well accepted by most patients in the stressful environment at ED although some found it difficult to answer all the questions. Adjustments to the extent of an interview to better suit the context of the clinical use should be a future development of the programme. The findings suggest that CHT programmes can be integrated as a standard process for collecting self‐reported medical history data in the ED setting.
Exit regulation in the People's Republic of China: Law, policy and practice
Authors: Song Lili 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the past 20 years, there have been increasing media reports of individuals being banned from exiting the People's Republic of China (PRC). This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current PRC mechanisms for regulating the exit of PRC and foreign citizens. It proposes that the PRC uses three types of exit regulation mechanisms. First, restrictions on access to passports serve to preclude targeted PRC citizens from obtaining the document necessary for international travel. Second, PRC and foreign citizens with valid passports could be prohibited from exiting the PRC on extensive grounds. Third, the criminalization of unauthorized departure serves to punish and deter the clandestine exit of PRC citizens. In relation to each mechanism, it outlines the legal grounds for imposing restrictions or punishment and provides illustration with recent cases. It also identifies a number of shortcomings of the PRC exit regulation system, including fragmented and overly broad legislation in some aspects, inconsistency of legislation, overly decentralized distribution of power among institutions and insufficient safeguard for procedural transparency.
Room temperature flash of single crystal titania: Electronic and optical properties
Authors: Yadav Devinder , Yuan Yakun , Gopalan Venkatraman , Raj Rishi , Jo Seohyeon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA single‐crystal specimen of rutile (titania) was flashed repetitively, while increasing the electric field after each cycle. As expected, the flash onset temperature continued to drop modestly at higher fields. However, when the field was increased from 400 to 450 V cm–1, the flashed onset fell dramatically down to room temperature. We have investigated the electrical and optical properties of this room temperature flashed specimen (called SZ). The specimen was electronically conducting. Optical absorption spectroscopy revealed a narrow band of new energy levels that were generated just below the conduction band. The gap between the conduction band and this flash‐induced energy level agreed with the peak in the electroluminescence spectrum. Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is reported. The flash‐on condition significantly lowered the SHG, which rebounded when the flash was turned off. This result suggests that the structure becomes more centrosymmetric in the state of flash, which may represent a disordered state of defects. The possibility of studying flash behavior at room temperature, without a furnace (as in SZ type specimens), opens a considerable simplification for in‐situ characterization of flash behavior. For example, a possible relationship between memristor physics and the flash phenomenon can be studied.
Influence of β‐Si3N4 whiskers on sintering and crystallization of fused silica ceramics
Authors: Huang Ming , Peng Zhi‐hang , Zhang Wen , Xiang Yang , Cao Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFused silica ceramics are widely applied for radome materials, crucibles, and vanes, but the mechanical properties were deteriorated due to the cristobalite crystallization. The fused silica ceramics added with by β‐Si3N4 whiskers were prepared by a slip‐casting method to retard the cristobalite crystallization. The influences of the sintering environments and the β‐Si3N4 whiskers on the microstructure and phase structure were investigated. The silanol (Si‐(OH)n) and oxygen vacancies (VO) in the fused silica in formed in different conditions were studied by Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the results indicated that the ball‐milled produced a large amount of the silanol groups onto the surface of the fused silica particles. The fused silica heated in the vacuum created the maximum oxygen vacancies (24.2%) on the surfaces. Silanol groups reacted with the β‐Si3N4 whiskers, and the O atoms in the silanol groups were fixed into the bulk materials. And the crystallization kinetics and the activation energy of Si3N4w/SiO2 ceramics at the temperature ranging from 1200 to 1400°C were calculated based on the JMA(Johnson‐Mehl‐Avrami) model. The activation energy of the fused silica ceramics with the addition of the β‐Si3N4 is 506.2 kJ/mol, increased by 23.6% than that of the pure fused silica ceramic.
Reactive flash sintering in a bilayer of zirconia and lanthana: Measurement of the diffusion coefficient in real time
Authors: Jalali Syed I. A. , Raj Rishi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReactive flash sintering is a process where off‐the‐shelf powders of elemental oxides can be simultaneously sintered and reacted to form a multicomponent oxide in a matter of seconds at low furnace temperatures. The fact that several cation species, each residing within their own particles, can migrate over distances of several micrometers, and mix on the atomic scale to form multicomponent oxides, so quickly, is quite remarkable. The question arises as to the rate of this solid‐state diffusion phenomenon. In this paper, we present measurements of this diffusion coefficient from live flash experiments. The results are obtained from millimeter scale bilayers of yttria‐stabilized zirconia and lanthana where the flash initiates in the zirconia layer and then migrates into the lanthana layer, forming lanthanum zirconates. The velocities of migration of the flash‐front, coupled with measurements of the length scale of the profile of zirconium and lanthanum interdiffusion, across the bilayer interface, provide an estimate of the effective diffusion coefficient. These measurements give a value for the cation diffusion to lie in the range of 2.5 × 10−10 m2 s−1 at 1380°C, with an activation energy of 200–250 kJ mol−1. In comparison, the cation diffusion coefficient in yttria‐stabilized zirconia, at 1350°C, is stated to be 1.1 × 10−20 m2 s−1 with an activation energy of ∼550 kJ mol−1. A pause for reflection.