bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rank biserial stochastic feature embed bivariate kernelized regressive bootstrap aggregative classifier for school student dropout prediction
Authors: Chinnasamy Rajagopal , T Balasubramanian 
Published: June 2022

SummaryEarly and accurately predicting the students' dropout enables schools to recognize the students based on available educational data. The early student dropout prediction is a major concern of education administrators. The existing classification techniques were unable to handle the early stage accurate performance of student dropout prediction with maximum accuracy and minimum time. In order to resolve the issue, a novel technique called rank biserial Otsuka–Ochiai stochastic embedded feature selection based bivariate kernelized regressive bootstrap aggregative classifier (RBOOSEFS‐BKBAC) is motivated to perform student dropout prediction. The aim of the designing RBOOSEFS‐BKBAC is to improve student dropout accuracy and minimal time consumption. Initially, the data preprocessing is to perform the data normalization, data cleaning, and duplicate data removal. Next, rank biserial correlation is used for discovering the correlated features. Followed by, Otsuka–Ochiai stochastic neighbor embedded feature selection is carried out to select significant features. Finally, bivariate kernelized regressive bootstrap aggregative classification technique is to perform classification with help of weak classifier. By using Bucklin voting scheme, the classification outcomes are obtained for increasing prediction accuracy as well as minimizing error. Experimental evaluation is performed by using Student‐Drop‐India2016 dataset with different metrics such as prediction accuracy, precision, recall, F‐measure, as well as time. The result of proposed RBOOSEFS‐BKBAC technique is provided that the higher prediction accuracy by 5% and lesser the prediction time by 15%, as compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Improved Photodecarboxylation Properties in Zinc Photocages Constructed Using m‐Nitrophenylacetic Acid Variants**
Authors: Shigemoto Austin K. , Bhattacharjee Avik , Hickey Erin E. , Boyd Hallee Jade , McCormick Theresa M. , Burdette Shawn C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe methoxy‐ and fluoro‐derivatives of meta‐nitrophenylacetic acid (mNPA) chromophores undergo photodecarboxylation with comparable quantum yields (Φ) to unsubstituted mNPA, but uncage at red‐shifted excitation wavelengths. This observation prompted us to investigate DPAdeCageOMe (2‐[bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]‐2‐(4‐methoxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetic acid) and DPAdeCageF (2‐[bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]‐2‐(4‐fluoro‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetic acid) as Zn2+ photocages. DPAdeCageOMe has a high Φ and exhibits other photophysical properties comparable to XDPAdeCage ({bis[(2‐pyridyl)methyl]amino}(9‐oxo‐2‐xanthenyl) acetic acid), the best preforming Zn2+ photocage reported to date. Since the synthesis of DPAdeCageOMe is more straightforward than XDPACage, the new photocage will be a highly competitive tool for biological applications.
Three‐dimensional genome structure shapes the recombination landscape of chromatin features during female germline stem cell development
Authors: Tian Geng G. , Hou Changliang , Li Jing , Wu Ji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring meiosis of mammalian cells, chromatin undergoes drastic reorganization. However, the dynamics of the three‐dimensional (3D) chromatin structure during the development of female germline stem cells (FGSCs) are poorly understood.MethodsThe high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture technique was used to probe the 3D structure of chromatin in mouse germ cells at each stage of FGSC development.ResultsThe global 3D genome was dramatically reorganized during FGSC development. In topologically associating domains, the chromatin structure was weakened in germinal vesicle stage oocytes and still present in meiosis I stage oocytes but had vanished in meiosis II oocytes. This switch between topologically associating domains was related to the biological process of FGSC development. Moreover, we constructed a landscape of chromosome X organization, which showed that the X chromosome occupied a smaller proportion of the active (A) compartment than the autosome during FGSC development. By comparing the high‐order chromatin structure between female and male germline development, we found that 3D genome organization was remodelled by two different potential mechanisms during gamete development, in which interchromosomal interactions, compartments, and topologically associating domain were decreased during FGSC development but reorganized and recovered during spermatogenesis. Finally, we identified conserved chromatin structures between FGSC development and early embryonic development.ConclusionsThese results provide a valuable resource to characterize chromatin organization and for further studies of FGSC development.
Use of short‐acting vs. long‐acting loop diuretics after heart failure hospitalization
Authors: Imaeda Shohei , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kohsaka Shun , Niimi Nozomi , Goda Ayumi , Nagatomo Yuji , Takei Makoto , Saji Mike , Nakano Shintaro , Kohno Takashi , Fukuda Keiichi , Yoshikawa Tsutomu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsFurosemide, a short‐acting loop diuretic (SD), is the dominant agent prescribed for heart failure (HF) in clinical practice. However, accumulating data suggests that long‐acting loop diuretics (LD), such as torsemide or azosemide, might have more favourable pharmacological profiles. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the type of loop diuretics and long‐term outcomes among patients hospitalized for acute HF enrolled in a contemporary multicentre registry.Methods and resultsWithin the West Tokyo Heart Failure Registry from 2006 to 2017, a total of 2680 patients (60.1% men with a median age of 77 years) were analysed. The patients were characterized by the type of diuretics used at the time of discharge; 2073 (77.4%) used SD, and 607 (22.6%) used LD. The primary endpoint was composite of all‐cause death or HF re‐admission after discharge, and the secondary endpoints were all‐cause death and HF re‐admission, respectively. During the median follow‐up period of 2.1 years, 639 patients died [n = 519 (25.0%) in the SD group; n = 120 (19.8%) in the LD group], and 868 patients were readmitted for HF [n = 697 (33.6%) in the SD group; n = 171 (28.2%) in the LD group]. After multivariable adjustment, the LD group had lower risk for the composite outcome [hazard ratio (HR), 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66–0.96; P = 0.017], including all‐cause death (HR; 0.73; 95% CI; 0.54–0.99; P = 0.044) and HF re‐admission (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66–0.99; P = 0.038), than the SD group. Propensity score matching yielded estimates that were consistent with those of the multivariable analyses, with sub‐group analyses demonstrating that use of LD was associated with favourable outcomes predominantly in younger patients with reduced ejection fraction.ConclusionsLD was associated with lower risk of long‐term outcomes in patients with HF and a recent episode of acute decompensation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Activation of Carbon–Halogen Bonds: Electrostatics‐Controlled Reactivity
Authors: Moloto Bryan Phuti , Vermeeren Pascal , Dalla Tiezza Marco , Esterhuysen Catharine , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Hamlin Trevor A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe have quantum chemically studied the palladium‐mediated activation of C(spn)−X bonds (n=1–3; X=F, Cl, Br, I) in the archetypal model substrates H3C−CH2−X, H2C=CH−X, and HC≡C−X by a model bare palladium catalyst, using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐BLYP/TZ2P. The bond activation reaction barrier decreases, for allsp‐hybridized carbon centers, when the substituent X of the substrate is changed from X=F to I. Activation strain and energy decomposition analyses reveal that the enhanced reactivity along this series originates from (i) a less destabilizing activation strain due to an intrinsically weaker C(spn)−X bond; and (ii) an increasingly more stabilizing electrostatic interaction between the catalyst and the substrate. The latter is a direct consequence of the more diffuse electron density and higher nuclear charge of the X atom in the C(spn)−X bond when going from X=F to I, which, in turn, engages in a more favorable electrostatic attraction with the nucleus and electrons, respectively, of the palladium catalyst.
Risk factors for falls among older adults in India: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Biswas Isha , Adebusoye Busola , Chattopadhyay Kaushik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimFalls are common among older adults in India. Several primary studies on its risk factors have been conducted in India. However, no systematic review has been conducted on this topic. Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the existing evidence on the risk factors for falls among older adults in India.MethodsJBI and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyse guidelines were followed, and two independent reviewers were involved in the process. This review included observational studies conducted among older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) residing in India, reporting any risk factor for falls as exposure and unintentional fall as the outcome. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses were searched until September 24, 2020. Where possible, data were synthesized using random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsThe literature search yielded 3445 records. Twenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review, and 19 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Out of the 22 included studies in the systematic review, 12 (out of 18) cross‐sectional studies, two case–control studies, and two cohort studies met more than 70% criteria in the respective Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists. Risk factors for falls among older adults in India included sociodemographic factors, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, physical and/or mental health conditions, and medical interventions.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provided a holistic picture of the problem in India by considering a range of risk factors such as sociodemographic, environmental, lifestyle, physical and/or mental health conditions and medical intervention. These findings could be used to develop falls prevention interventions for older adults in India.Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis RegistrationThe systematic review and meta‐analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number‐CRD42020204818).
Heat transfer and thermodynamic analysis of the impact of porous media and nano‐powder types in an open cavity equipped with an electronic component
Authors: Korei Zakaria , Bengherbia Nardjes 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, a numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze thermal and flow behavior with thermodynamic perspectives in a cooling application problem. The configuration under consideration in this analysis consists of a cubic electronic chip placed in an open cavity filled with porous media. The solver's reliability is achieved by comparing our results with experimental studies. In this regard, various parameters were considered, which consist of different nanoparticles (Al2O3, TiO2, Cu, and Ag), porosities (0.85–0.97), and Reynolds numbers under turbulent conditions within the range (5000 ≤ Re ≤ 30,000). Their imprints have been highlighted on temperature distribution, streamlines, local and average Nusselt numbers, pressure drop, global entropy generation, and exergy efficiency. Results reveal that there is an optimal porosity to achieve the highest cooling performance based on the Reynolds number. In addition, using Al2O3–water nanofluid as a working fluid, the highest values of the mean Nusselt numbers were recorded. Furthermore, operating the system with a porous medium and the Al2O3–water nanofluid results in only a minor increase in pressure drop. Finally, the results substantiate that using porous media reduces global entropy production and slightly decreases the exergy efficiency in the system.
A smart city qualitative data analysis model: Participatory crowdsourcing of public safety reports in South Africa
Authors: Currin Aubrey , Flowerday Stephen , de la Rey Edward , van der Schyff Karl , Foster Greg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreased urbanization against the backdrop of limited resources complicates city planning and the management of functions, including public safety. The smart city concept can help, but most previous smart city systems have focused on utilizing automated sensors and analyzing quantitative data. In developing nations, limited resources make using the mobile phone to enable the crowdsourcing of qualitative public safety reports from the public a more viable option. However, there is no best practice for analyzing such citizen reports for a smart city in a developing nation. Given the rise of megacities in developing nations, many of which struggle to provide access to vital resources, this study developed and tested a model for guiding the analysis of unstructured natural language texts instead of traditional sensory data. In the study, citizens engaged with the project and 663 usable reports were received. Following a design science approach, the model was developed through an extensive review of related literature, and assessed and refined by observing the associated model prototype. This study emphasizes that a city‐specific ontology needs to be developed and that natural language processing should be its focus, specifically within the larger context of our smart city qualitative data analysis (SCQDA) model. Together, these aspects enable this study to contribute practically, as we prove that cities in developing nations can improve the lives of their citizens using that which is already at their disposal instead of specialized (and often expensive) sensory networks.
Surface finishing of Nitinol for implantable medical devices: A review
Authors: Mani Gopinath , Porter Deanna , Grove Kent , Collins Shell , Ornberg Andreas , Shulfer Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNitinol (NiTi), a nickel–titanium alloy, has been used for various cardiovascular, orthopedic, fracture fixation, and orthodontic devices. As with most other metallic biomaterials, the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of NiTi are primarily determined by the properties of the surface oxide layer such as thickness, chemical composition, structure, uniformity, and stability. Currently, a number of finishing methods are used to improve the properties of surface oxide of NiTi with an ultimate goal to produce a defect‐free, impurity‐free, thin homogeneous oxide layer that is stable and composed of only titanium dioxide (TiO2) with negligible amount of Ni species. This review discusses the effects of various surface finishing methods such as mechanical polishing, electropolishing, magnetoelectropolishing, heat treatments at different temperatures, passivation, chemical etching, boiling in water, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and sterilization techniques (steam autoclave, ethylene oxide, dry heat, peracetic acid, and plasma‐based treatments) on the properties of a surface oxide layer and how it impacts the corrosion resistance of NiTi. Considering the findings of the literature review, a checklist has been provided to assist with choosing finishing/sterilization methods and relevant rationale and recommendations to consider when selecting a surface finishing process for NiTi used in implantable medical devices.
Relationship between interhemispheric Rossby wave propagation and South Atlantic convergence zone during La Niña years
Authors: Braga Hugo A. , Ambrizzi Tercio , Hall Nicholas M. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThrough a set of observational analyses and baroclinic model experiments, we show that during La Niña conditions a wave train in North Pacific propagates eastwards along the Asian jet, crosses the equator and interacts with the SACZ through an equatorial window in the East Pacific. Composites of active SACZ for November–March of 1979–2013 are used, drawn from the full dataset and also from just the La Niña years. The data are filtered in two‐time bands: 20–90 days (intraseasonal) and >200 days (interannual). Interhemispheric waveguides are identified in the anomalous SACZ composites during La Niña years. A similar wave pattern is simulated by a baroclinic atmospheric model with a fixed La Niña basic state where a thermal forcing anomaly is added on Southeast Asia. This La Niña basic state favours anomalous westerly equatorial flow at high levels, enabling a connection between Asia and South America around 15 days.
The role of weak C–H···O hydrogen bond in alcohol–water mixtures
Authors: Li Tao , Fan Wei , Sun Jin , Yu Yuanqin , Zhou Xiaoguo , Xie Chuanmei , Liu Shilin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDoes the weak C–H···O hydrogen bonding interaction coexist in liquid when it competes with conventional hydrogen bonding interaction? The Raman spectroscopic studies were performed for deuterated 2‐propanol/water (CD3CHOHCD3) mixture in the C‐H stretching region as a function of concentration and temperature. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is shown that both conventional O–H···O hydrogen bond and weak C–H···O hydrogen bond coexist in 2‐propanol/water solution and should be responsible for the observed C‐H blue shift in concentration‐dependent spectra. At relatively high alcohol concentrations, the O–H···O hydrogen bond plays a dominant role, whereas with the increase of water concentrations, the cooperative effect between C–H···O and O–H···O hydrogen bonds play a more significant role, responsible for continuously increased C‐H blue shift. Furthermore, the opposite temperature dependence was observed for the C‐H stretching spectra of 2‐propanol/water and methanol–water mixtures, which were explained as a result of the competition and balance between O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds at high temperature. The results not only show the role of secondary hydrogen bonds in the hydrated process of amphiphilic molecules but also demonstrate that the temperature can be used as a means of triggering and investigating weak C–H···O interaction in liquid.
Structural and in vitro starch digestion properties of starch‐fatty acid nanocomplexes: effect of chain lengths and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids
Authors: Wu Xiaonian , Jiang Yuling , Wang Xiaoyan , Fang Yong , Lin Qinlu , Ding Yongbo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe structural and digestion properties of starch‐lipid complexes are closely related to the properties of lipids. The chain length and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids (FAs), which can affect the structural and digestion properties of starch‐lipid nanocomplexes, therefore need to be examined in detail to gain a better understanding of this. In this study, the effects of chain length (10–18 carbons) and degree of unsaturation (0–2) of FA on the structural and in vitro starch digestion properties of high amylose corn starch (HAS)–FA nanocomplexes were investigated, as was the correlation between their structural alterations and digestibility.RESULTSThis study showed that HAS–FA nanocomplexes with 10‐carbon (38.55%) and 12‐carbon (44.56%) FAs displayed high‐resistant starch (RS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS) content, whereas those with 18‐carbon FAs with two double bonds exhibited low RS + SDS content (23.41%). The complexing index, R1047/1022, relative crystallinity, and enthalpy change in the HAS–FA nanocomplexes also increased with the reduction in the chain length (except for 10‐carbon FA) and the degree of unsaturation of FAs, whereas the equilibrium hydrolysis percentage, kinetic constant and apparent amylose content showed an opposite trend.CONCLUSIONChain length and degree of unsaturation of FAs affected the digestibility of HAS–FA nanocomplexes. The HAS–FA nanocomplexes with 12‐carbon FAs displayed high RS + SDS content with higher degrees of molecular order at long‐range and short‐range levels. Results provided guidelines to regulate the digestibility of starch‐fatty acid nanocomplexes by varying the FA structures. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Agronomic technology to promote sustainable utilization of newly created farmland in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Li Yurui , Zhang Xuanchang , Liu Yansui , Wang Yongsheng , Huang Yunxin , Lu Zhi , Feng Weilun , Chen Zongfeng , Wei Hong'an 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe new farmland created by land consolidation often faces the problems of poor soil structure and low productivity, which cause potential degradation risk. The Gully Land Consolidation Program (GLCP) significantly increased the quantity of farmland in the Chinese Loess Plateau (LP), but the research on a comprehensive method of simultaneously improving soil quality, agricultural profit, and utilization efficiency of newly created farmland (NCF) is relatively scant. This study explored an agronomic technology to improve soil quality, agricultural profit, and utilization efficiency NCF by the GLCP in the LP. Our field experiment was carried out in Yangjuangou catchment with seven soil treatments and planting Brassica napus (B. napus) on these soils: dry mixing Malan Loess and red clay at volumetric ratios of 1:0 (MR10), 5:1 (MR51), 2:1 (MR21), 1:1 (MR11), 1:2 (MR12), 1:5 (MR15), and 0:1 (MR01). The results showed that: the soil microstructure, physico‐chemical properties, and productivity of NCF were significantly improved after soil reconstruction by dry mixing Malan Loess and red clay. More specifically, the MR51 boosted the root thickness and fresh weight of B. napus by 78.69% and 45.01% compared to that of red clay (MR01). Crop optimization by the B. napus helped to increase the agricultural profits of NCF. The proposed three portfolios of B. napus' silage, vegetable plus rapeseed, and vegetable plus silage enhanced the profits by 35.39%, 57.05%, and 66.93% in comparison with that of traditional crop planting, respectively. Therefore, industrial integration through effective, ecological and economic (3E) agriculture could advance sustainable utilization of NCF. Further, developing efficient agriculture, animal husbandry, agricultural products processing industry, and ecological tourism would enhance the multi‐functional value of farmland. Our study suggests that targeted agronomic technology based on agricultural geographical engineering oriented to human‐environment interaction can provide technical support for minimizing the degradation risk of NCF and generating more sustainable development in ecologically fragile areas.