bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archeometallurgical Study of a Renaissance Spearhead from Northern Italy
Authors: Merico Paolomarco , Faccoli Michela , Gotti Roberto , Cornacchia Giovanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA metallurgical study of a Renaissance spearhead from northern Italy was performed to provide new deep insights into both smelting and smithing technologies which are involved in the manufacturing process. Optical microscopy observations, Vickers microhardness measurements, and optical emission spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the spearhead was skillfully assembled and shaped from different steel bars, and a slack-quenching heat treatment was performed on the blade to improve its functionality. The chemistry of a large sample of nonmetallic inclusions was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersive spectroscopy. A multivariate statistical data treatment based on logistic regression was applied to assess the technological origin of the steel bars. The results allowed to conclude that the spearhead steel was obtained following the indirect steel-making route. The temperatures reached during both smelting and smithing stages were estimated in the FeO–SiO2–CaO system at 1470 °C and 1200 °C, respectively.
Kin or Research Material? Exploring IVF Couples’ Perceptions about the Human Embryo and Implications for Disposition Decisions in Norway
Authors: Kvernflaten B. , Fedorcsák P. , Solbrække K. N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn vitro fertilization (IVF) involves making embryos outside of the human body, which has spurred debate about the status of the embryo, embryo research and donation. We explore couples’ perceptions about embryos and their thoughts and acceptability about various disposition decisions in Norway. Based on an ethnographic study including interviews and observations in an IVF clinic, we show that couples do not perceive their pre-implantation IVF embryos to be human lives; rather, they consider successful implantation the start of life. We suggest that this response indicates a change in the perception of the human embryo or the fertilised egg fromincipient life—a viewpoint that was dominant in the discussions of embryo research in the 1980s and 1990s. We also show how this view of the pre-implantation embryo elucidates why donating embryos to research appears acceptable but donating to other infertile couples seems rather difficult. Before transfer to a woman’s uterus, the embryo exists in a liminality; it is not yet human life but a living cell with potential for both researchandpregnancy. When an embryo is implanted and pregnancy is confirmed, human life activates; the embryo becomes potential kin, influencing couples’ struggles with donating embryos to other couples.
Patterns of Performance Variation Between Animal Hybrids and their Parents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Muraro Martina , Falaschi Mattia , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHybridization is a widespread phenomenon in animals, and hybrid heterosis/breakdown could be key processes determining the evolutionary dynamics of hybrids. Indeed, hybrids are not consistently disadvantaged compared to the parental lineages, as was historically assumed. Multiple processes could lead to performance differences between parental lineages and their hybrids. Despite many studies evaluated the performance of hybrids, a quantitative synthesis is required to assess the general pattern. Here we used meta-analytic and meta-regression approaches to quantify the fitness differences between parental lineages and their hybrids, and to identify possible processes that could lead to these differences. Specifically, we tested biological and methodological parameters that could determine differences in performance between hybrids and parental lineages. Hybrid performance was extremely variable across studies, being often significantly higher or lower compared to the mean performance of their parents. Nevertheless, the averaged hybrid performance was similar to the fitness of parental lineages, with differences across studies related to how performance was assessed. Genetic divergence between parental lineages, and the approach used to identify hybrids were the parameters most strongly related to variation in hybrid performance. Performance was lower for hybrids between distantly related lineages. Furthermore, study settings and the use of imprecise approaches for hybrid identification (e.g. morphology-based) can bias assessments of performance. Studies performed on wild populations and using genetic approaches for hybrid identification detected more often a decreased hybrid performance, compared to laboratory studies. We highlight the importance of appropriate settings for a realistic understanding of the evolutionary impacts of hybridization.
Barriers and facilitators for implementation of the SWORD evidence-based psychological intervention for fear of cancer recurrence in three different healthcare settings
Authors: Deuning-Smit Esther , Kolsteren Evie E. M. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Custers José A. E. , Hermens Rosella P. M. G. , Prins Judith B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) interventions are effective, but few are implemented. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators for implementing the evidence-based blended SWORD intervention in routine psycho-oncological care.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with 19 cancer survivors and 18 professionals from three healthcare settings assessed barriers and facilitators in six domains as described by the determinant frameworks of Grol and Flottorp: (1) innovation, (2) professionals, (3) patients, (4) social context, (5) organization, and (6) economic and political context.

Results
In the innovation domain, there were few barriers. Facilitators included high reliability, accessibility, and relevance of SWORD. In the professional domain, physicians and nurses barriers were lack of self-efficacy, knowledge, and skills to address FCR whereas psychologists had sufficient knowledge and skills, but some were critical towards protocolized treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy, or eHealth. Patient domain barriers included lack of FCR awareness, negative expectations of psychotherapy, and unwillingness/inability to actively engage in treatment. A social context domain barrier was poor communication between different healthcare professionals. Organization domain barriers included inadequate referral structures to psychological services, limited capacity, and complex legal procedures. Economic and political context domain barriers included lack of a national implementation structure for evidence-based psycho-oncological interventions and eHealth platform costs.

Conclusions
Implementation strategies should be targeted at patient, professional, organizational and economic and political domains. Identified barriers and facilitators are relevant to other researchers in psycho-oncology that aim to bridge the research-practice gap.

Implications for cancer survivors
This study contributes to the implementation of evidence-based psychological interventions for cancer survivors, who can benefit from these services.
Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) Pre-Treatment on the Quality of Sous Vide (SV) Processed Beef Short Ribs and Optimisation of PEF and SV Process Parameters Using Multiple Polynomial Regression Model
Authors: Karki Roman , Oey Indrawati , Bremer Phil , Leong Sze Ying , Silcock Patrick 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo maximise tenderness, minimise cooking loss, and decrease the adverse effects on the colour of beef short ribs, third-order multiple regression models were used to optimise the processing parameters during the pulsed electric fields (PEF) followed by sous vide (SV) processing. Electric field strength (EFS) and specific energy (SE) of PEF ranged from 0 to 0.85 kV/cm and 0 to 110.96 kJ/kg, respectively, and SV processing for 12, 24, or 36 h at 60 °C was applied. The optimum PEF-SV processing conditions for short ribs were found at EFS of 0.85 kV/cm and SE of 110.96 kJ/kg with SV processing at 60 °C for 23.96 h. In the absence of PEF pre-treatment, the optimum SV time at 60 °C was 36 h. PEF pre-treatments (SE, 99–110.96 kJ/kg) followed by SV (24 h) at 60 °C resulted in a significantly lower cooking loss (%) and texture profile analysis hardness compared to PEF at all treatment intensities, followed by SV at 60 °C for 36 h. Furthermore, significant differences were not observed in the redness, hue angle, and chroma at different PEF-SV processing parameters. Therefore, for industrial applications, PEF-SV processing with EFS (0.85 kV/cm), pulse width (20 µS), pulse frequency (50 Hz) and SE (110.96 kJ/kg), and SV temperature–time combination of 60 °C and 23.96 h is highly recommended.
Electric scooter–related accidents: a possible protective effect of helmet use on the head injury severity
Authors: Cittadini Francesca , Aulino Giovanni , Petrucci Martina , Valentini Silvia , Covino Marcello 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite electric scooter use has proliferated in Italy since 2019, actionable data regarding injury incidence and patterns associated with electric scooter accidents are limited. This study aims at analyzing the rate, clinical, and demographic features of electric scooter accidents accessed to the Emergency Department (ED) of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS (Rome, Italy). This retrospective study included all patients older than 18 years riding an electric scooter in the ED from June 2019 to April 2022. Personal data, injury circumstances, helmet use, and health data were collected. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes of all diagnoses were recorded, and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) was calculated for each patient. The analysis includes 92 patients admitted to the ED due to an e-scooter accident during the study period, with an increase in years. Thirty-two patients presented bone fractures especially concerning the extremities and the face districts. The median Injury Severity Score in the study cohort was 3, with the highest AIS represented by AIS Pelvic-Extremity and AIS External. Moreover, statistical significance was found between AIS Head-Neck and severity of trauma. E-scooters have become a familiar sight in cities worldwide recently, with many new companies renting them for use. But their arrival has also brought new safety concerns. Although most injuries reported are minor, the meager rate of helmet use is critical. Implementing compulsory helmet use for electric scooters for all ages could be a protective factor for being patient with head trauma on urban streets.
Testing the longitudinal effect of metacognitive beliefs on the trajectory of work ability
Authors: Anyan Frederick , Hjemdal Odin , Nordahl Henrik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There is increasing need to identify factors that contribute to poor work ability with an aim to prevent work related problems such as sick leave and disability pension. In the Metacognitive Control System model, dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs are seen as an underlying factor in psychological vulnerability beyond disorder, and recent studies have reported that metacognitions are associated with work ability and work status. In the present study, we set out to test if there is a prospective relationship between dysfunctional metacognitions and self-assessed work ability. Individuals in working age (M = 37.19; SD = 10.31) participated in a four-timepoint self-report survey (N = 528; 75% females) separated by six weeks between each timepoint. Baseline gender differences and differences between participants by job status were conducted using t-test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Latent growth curve with covariates assessed the impact of dysfunctional metacognitions on work ability across the four timepoints. Males reported higher work ability. Participants in fulltime job also reported higher work ability followed by those in part-time job, jobseekers, sick leave up to 12 months, and sick leave > 12 months, respectively. Dysfunctional metacognitions predicted work ability over time when controlling for gender, age, physical health status, and three common categories of emotional distress symptoms. This finding suggest that dysfunctional metacognitions are a prospective predictor of work ability beyond health status and implies that these beliefs should be targeted with a view to increasing work ability and thus potentially reduce risk for sick leave and other work-related problems.
Werden bei einer Differenzierung der Überschussbeteiligung in der Lebensversicherung Neukunden zu Lasten des Bestands bevorzugt?
Authors: Eckert Jonas 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungKlassische Lebensversicherungsverträge mit Überschussbeteiligung bilden weiterhin einen großen Anteil des Geschäftes von Lebensversicherungsunternehmen. Aufgrund der anhaltenden Niedrigzinsphase werden die Garantien von neuen Versicherungsprodukten zunehmend reduziert. Als Ausgleich für die reduzierten Garantien wird Neukunden bei manchen Anbietern eine erhöhte Beteiligung an den erwirtschafteten Überschüssen in Aussicht gestellt. Es wird somit bei der Überschussdeklaration zwischen Bestandskunden und Neukunden differenziert. In dieser Arbeit sollen die Auswirkungen einer Differenzierung der Überschussbeteiligung auf Bestandskunde und Neukunde sowie auf die Profitabilität des Aktionärs untersucht werden. Zur Ermittlung der Höhe der Differenzierung werden die im Ergebnisbericht der Deutschen Aktuarvereinigung e. V. (DAV (2017)) beschriebenen Methoden verwendet. Es wird im Speziellen gezeigt, dass in dem verwendeten Basisszenario die erwartete Rentabilität der Bestandskunden bei einer Neugeschäftsstrategie mit abgesenkter Garantie und erhöhter Überschussbeteiligung leicht geringer ausfällt als bei einer Neugeschäftsstrategie ohne Reduktion der Garantie und ohne Differenzierung der Überschussbeteiligung. Außerdem wird darauf eingegangen, wie die Abnahme der erwarteten Rentabilität der Bestandskunden kompensiert werden kann. Das verwendete Modell legt einen starken Fokus auf die Überschussbeteiligung im deutschen Versicherungsmarkt.
Kulturgeschichte und Esskultur
Authors: Stern Thomas 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) bildet seit geraumer Zeit einen Schwerpunkt zur Kulinarik und baut diesen kontinuierlich weiter aus. Beginnend mit der Schenkung der Bibliotheca Gastronomica, welche der Oberkellner Walter Putz im Jahr 2005 an die SLUB übergab, gefolgt vom Nachlass des Publizisten Wolfram Siebeck, der 2018 von dessen Witwe Barbara Siebeck erworben werden konnte und der im Jahr 2020 ans Haus gekommenen Sammlung des für den Burda-Verlag tätigen Kochs Ernst Birsner ergänzen Sammlungen mit rein kulinarischem Charakter die Sammlungen der SLUB. Damit entwickelt sich ein Bestand, der sowohl Forschenden und Lehrenden als auch kulinarisch Interessierten eine wahre Fundgrube an historischem Quellenmaterial bietet und sich in die lange Tradition der Kochkunst und Esskultur am Dresdner Hof und den sächsischen Publikationen zur Kulinarik eingliedert. Im Oktober 2022 gründeten die SLUB Dresden und die Technische Universität Dresden (TU) das Deutsche Archiv der Kulinarik, um gemeinsam die inter- und transdisziplinäre Forschung in den Geistes-, Kultur- und Naturwissenschaften rund um die Themen Kochkunst, Tafelkultur und Ernährungskunde weiter zu fördern.
Motorische Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern in verschiedenen Kindergartenmodellen
Authors: Dincher Andrea , Wydra Georg 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundBewegung, Spiel und Sport sind essenziell für die Gesamtentwicklung unserer Kinder. Über Bewegung erfahren sie ihre Umwelt und entwickeln ihre motorischen Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten weiter. Aber wie wirkt sich ein unterschiedliches Maß an Bewegung, Spiel und Sport auf die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit aus? Dies soll in der vorliegenden Arbeit überprüft werden.MethodikEs wurden zehn Kindergärten mit unterschiedlichen Bewegungsförderungskonzepten miteinander verglichen (Sportkindergarten, Anerkannter Bewegungskindergarten, Kindergarten mit Bewegungsförderung, Kindergarten ohne Bewegungsförderung). 855 Kinder (461 m, 394 w, Alter 58,69 ± 7,75 Monate) nahmen an der Untersuchung teil. Zur Überprüfung der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit wurde das Karlsruher Motorik-Screening für Kindergartenkinder KMS 3–6 eingesetzt. Die Roh- und Z‑Werte der einzelnen Testaufgaben sowie der Gesamt-Z-Wert wurden mittels ANOVA analysiert.ErgebnisseBei den Rohwerten zeigen sich signifikante Unterschiede in allen Variablen zwischen den verschiedenen Kindergärten. Bei den Z‑Werten zeigen sich mit Ausnahme des Standweitsprungs und des Gesamt-Z-Werts ebenfalls signifikante Gruppenunterschiede.DiskussionDie signifikanten Unterschiede bei den Rohwerten, die nur bei der Rumpfbeuge zugunsten des Sportkindergartens ausfallen, sind fast ausschließlich auf den signifikanten Unterschied beim Alter und dem damit zusammenhängenden Entwicklungsstand der Kinder zurückzuführen. Bei den Z‑Werten scheinen die signifikanten Unterschiede auf unterschiedliche Schwerpunktsetzung bei der Umsetzung von Bewegung, Spiel und Sport oder auf mangelnde Konsequenz der Durchführung zurückzuführen sein. Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass das Testverfahren nicht geeignet ist, um zwischen diesen Gruppen zu differenzieren.AusblickDie Studie sollte mit einem anderen Testverfahren wiederholt und die Ergebnisse miteinander verglichen werden. Zudem sollten die Programme für Bewegung, Spiel und Sport standardisiert werden. Über eine Langzeitstudie können so die Effekte von Bewegung, Spiel und Sport im Kindergarten evaluiert werden.
Is Lucid Dreamless Sleep Really Lucid?
Authors: Alcaraz-Sánchez Adriana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently, the construct ‘lucid dreamless sleep’ has been proposed to explain the state of ‘clear light’ described by Tibetan Buddhist traditions, a special state of consciousness during deep sleep in which we’re told to be able to recognise the nature or essence of our mind (Padmasambhava & Gyatrul 2008; Ponlop 2006; Wangyal 1998). To explain the sort of awareness experienced during this state, some authors have appealed to the sort of lucidity acquired during lucid dreaming and suggested a link between both phenomena (Thompson 2014, 2015; Windt 2015a; Windt et al. 2016). Whilst these authors appeal to a non-conceptually mediated form of lucidity, which doesn’t consist of reflective awareness and propositional thought, the question as to whether the state of clear light should be considered a lucid state similar to lucid dreaming still arises. I argue that the concept ‘lucidity’ used to describe this sort of state is imprecise and that two theoretical notions of lucidity should be distinguished. The first one, which I call the technical notion, requires the recognition of the hallucinatory character of my current experience. The second, the broader notion, involves the seeming recognition of being directly acquainted with the phenomenal character of my experience. I spell out these two notions of lucidity and argue that only the latter could apply to the state of clear light sleep.
Experimental study of effective compounds in a smart water injection process
Authors: Bovard Samaneh , Sadeghi Mohammad Taghi , Kazemzadeh Ezatollah , Miri Rohaldin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe process of smart water injection into carbonate reservoirs has always faced many challenges. This study attempted to investigate this issue by examining two effective factors active ionic compounds in brine and active compounds in the oil phase. The potential for the reaction among three phases’ oil, rock, and brine in changing wettability requires the presence of active ionic compounds in the brine water and active compounds in the oil. These compounds in optimal concentrations are the driving force of the wettability alteration process. In the first step, the contact angle and the spontaneous imbibition process were performed on the outcrop samples and the limestone core to investigate the effect of the active compounds of smart water. The efficiency of calcium and divalent magnesium cations mainly depends on the sulfate ion concentration. However, reservoir physical condition and the presence of other effective compounds in the reactions network can be helpful in the determination of the essential active ions in the reaction. Finally, the optimal concentrations of these three ions lead to the formation of a stable water film and a change in the wettability of the rock, which leads to an increase in oil recovery. In this regard, cations in the presence of sulfate ions as much as the minimum concentration in seawater can have a positive function and have an acceptable efficiency compared to increased concentrations of sulfate ions in seawater. The cores were saturated with two oil samples for further investigation, and again, two tests of measuring contact angle and spontaneous imbibition were performed. The difference between imbibition rate and ultimate recovery illustrates that the carboxylic acid functional group in the original crude oil structure can facilitate displacement compared to oil-free acid components. Therefore, acidic components in crude oil affect the wettability alteration through electrostatic interaction with surface minerals and brine. Active components can act as a critical indicator in smart water injection processes.
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain TCI904 reduces body weight gain, modulates immune response, improves metabolism and anxiety in high fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Lin Yung-Kai , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Chiang Chi-Fu , Yeh Tsung-Ming , Shih Wen-Ling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe multiple probiotic characteristics of strain TCI904 isolated in this study from natural fermented milk were investigated using a mouse model. TCI904 was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricu (LDB), a well-known lactic acid starter bacterium found in yogurt. TCI904 exhibited an outstanding pancreatic lipase inhibition activity among several strains of lactic acid bacteria in vitro. Its in vivo effects were further studied. In a comparison of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and those fed a HFD combined with TCI904 for 9 weeks, differences were observed in various aspects of health, and the adverse effects of a HFD were prevented in the latter group. TCI904 effectively prevented fat and body weight accumulation without reducing food intake; it also modulated innate immunity and increased the level of IgA in feces, reversing the increased blood sugar and insulin levels and attenuated the hyperlipidemia caused by a HFD. Based on biochemical test data, compared with the HFD group, a HFD combined with TCI904 induced significant lowering of insulin resistance indicator, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic indices of plasma (AIP), the atherogenic coefficient (AC) and cardiac risk ratio (CRR) and increased the cardioprotective index (CPI). In addition, the administration of TCI904 alleviated mood disorders caused by a HFD. Taking the recommended human dose of TCI904 did not affect the liver or kidney function, indicating that TCI904 has sufficient in vivo safety. Taken together, the results of the present study contributed towards validation of the probiotic benefits of lactic acid starter microflora. Orally taken TCI904 exhibited positive immune- and metabolic-modulating, and anxiolytic properties, especially in HFD-induced obesity.