bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twelve-month follow-up of a randomised clinical trial of a brief group psychological intervention for common mental disorders in Syrian refugees in Jordan
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Bawaneh Ahmad , Awwad Manar , Al-Hayek Hadeel , Giardinelli Luana , Whitney Claire , Jordans Mark J. D. , Cuijpers Pim , Sijbrandij Marit , Ventevogel Peter , Dawson Katie , Akhtar Aemal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThere is increasing evidence that brief psychological interventions delivered by lay providers can reduce common mental disorders in the short-term. This study evaluates the longer-term impact of a brief, lay provider delivered group psychological intervention (Group Problem Management Plus; gPM+) on the mental health of refugees and their children's mental health.MethodsThis single-blind, parallel, controlled trial randomised 410 adult Syrians in Azraq Refugee Camp in Jordan who screened positive for distress and impaired functioning to either five sessions of gPM+ or enhanced usual care (EUC). Primary outcomes were scores on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25; depression and anxiety scales) assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months and 12 months Secondary outcomes included disability, posttraumatic stress, personally identified problems, prolonged grief, prodromal psychotic symptoms, parenting behaviour and children's mental health.ResultsBetween 15 October 2019 and 2 March 2020, 204 participants were assigned to gPM + and 206 to EUC, and 307 (74.9%) were retained at 12 months. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that although participants in gPM + had greater reductions in depression at 3 months, at 12 months there were no significant differences between treatment arms on depression (mean difference −0.9, 95% CI −3.2 to 1.3;p= 0.39) or anxiety (mean difference −1.7, 95% CI −4.8 to −1.3;p= 0.06). There were no significant differences between conditions for secondary outcomes except that participants in gPM + had greater increases in positive parenting.ConclusionsThe short-term benefits of a brief, psychological programme delivered by lay providers may not be sustained over longer time periods, and there is a need for sustainable programmes that can prolong benefits gained through gPM + .
Enhanced India‐Africa Carbon Uptake and Asia‐Pacific Carbon Release Associated With the 2019 Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Wang Jun , Jiang Fei , Ju Weimin , Wang Meirong , Sitch Stephen , Arora Vivek K. , Chen Jing M. , Goll Daniel S. , He Wei , Jain Atul K. , Li Xing , Joiner Joanna , Poulter Benjamin , Séférian Roland , Wang Hengmao , Wu Mousong , Xiao Jingfeng , Yuan Wenping , Yue Xu , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe 2019 extreme positive Indian Ocean dipole drove climate extremes over Indian Ocean rim countries with unclear carbon‐cycle responses. We investigated its impact on net biome productivity (NBP) and its constituent fluxes, using the Global Carbon Assimilation System (GCASv2) product, process‐based model simulations from TRENDYv9, and satellite‐based gross primary productivity (GPP). By distinguishing two separate regions, the India‐Africa and Asia‐Pacific, GCASv2 indicated enhanced terrestrial carbon uptake of 0.23 ± 0.20 PgC and release of 0.38 ± 0.15 PgC, respectively, during September–December (SOND) 2019. These NBP anomalies had comparable magnitudes to those following the 2015 extreme El Niño which, however, caused the consistent carbon release in both regions. The TRENDYv9 model ensemble confirmed these NBP responses, albeit with smaller magnitudes. These regional NBP anomalies were related to soil moisture variations with a dominant role of GPP. Understanding the impact of IOD provides new insights into mechanisms driving interannual variations in regional carbon cycling.
Characteristics and Variability of Winter Northern Pacific Atmospheric River Flavors
Authors: Zhou Yang , O’Brien Travis A. , Collins William D. , Shields Christine A. , Loring Burlen , Elbashandy Abdelrahman A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are intensive poleward moisture transport events that are essential to the global hydrological cycle and are often linked to extreme weather events. We categorize the winter North Pacific ARs into two “flavors”: wind‐dominated (windy ARs) and moisture‐dominated (wet ARs) using 40 years of hourly data from fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis. We compare the differences between windy ARs and wet ARs including the lifecycle characteristics (such as genesis locations and changes of meteorological elements through the lifecycle), overall AR frequency, landfall impacts, and variability. The windy ARs are more likely to occur in the midlatitudes, while wet ARs are more active in the subtropics. Windy ARs are associated with intensive surface pressure lows, where the strong pressure gradient can support the strong wind within ARs. Due to larger size and longer lifetime, wet ARs are more likely to produce more precipitation over a lifecycle. By scaling the landfalling ARs, we show that wet ARs dominate the high‐category ARs (Category 4 and 5) with higher spatial frequency and more precipitation, and windy ARs have higher contributions in the lower AR categories especially over British Columbia. Windy ARs are modulated by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections via the anomalous geopotential height and extended subtropical jet. Wet ARs are affected by the anomalous sea surface temperature over the midlatitudes related to ENSO. Sensitivity analysis with an alternate AR detection algorithm shows consistent results on AR flavors but with disagreement on the amplitude.
Coherent Indian Summer Monsoon and Sahel Rainfall Variability Revealed by Ethiopian Rainfall δ18O
Authors: Midhun M. , Lekshmy P. R. , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Ramesh R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoherent fluctuations in Sahel and Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall influence the socio‐economic welfare of several densely populated regions. Here we identify a common mode of interannual rainfall variability over the Sahel and Indian regions and demonstrate the influence of both Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST) in inducing such a large‐scale response. The principal component of the leading mode of precipitation variability (PC1) over these regions correlates independently well with both ISM and Sahel rainfall indices. Here we show that this global SST‐driven dominant mode of Indo‐Sahel rainfall variability is well captured in present‐day rainfall δ18O and speleothem δ18O of the Ethiopian region. We use a ∼40‐year‐long monthly observational record of precipitation stable isotopes at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to show that episodic isotopic depletions in rainfall at this site occur during the wet phases of PC1. These isotopic anomalies are associated with eastward intrusions of moisture initiating from the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Finally, we demonstrate decadal‐scale co‐variability between PC‐1 and a century‐long δ18O record from an actively growing Ethiopian speleothem to highlight the potential of rainfall isotopic records from this region to capture fluctuations in the coupled variability of the Indo‐African boreal monsoons.
Evaluation of Environmental Controls on Terrestrial Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO2: A Global Perspective From the FLUXNET Sites
Authors: Kong Zhe , Wang Tiejun , Han Qiong , Dai Yibin , Wang Lichun , Chen Xi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNet ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 is a key process modulating carbon exchanges between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere; however, it remains a grand challenge to elucidate how the interactions of NEE with environmental variables vary among ecosystems and climate regimes across timescales. The FLUXNET and AmeriFlux data sets were used to diagnose the environmental controls on NEE. Based on the sites with long‐term observations (≥7 years), the results showed that the couplings between NEE and surrounding environments were stronger at daily and monthly scales than at annual scales, highlighting the temporal dependence of environmental variables influencing NEE. Moreover, the boosted regression tree method was applied to quantify the relative impacts of environmental controls on daily NEE variations. It revealed that leaf area index (LAI) and shortwave radiation (Rs) were the major divers of daily NEE variations at most sites with the average contribution of 35.5% and 27.8%, respectively. Particularly, LAI was the principal control in deciduous broadleaf forested, non‐forested, and arid sites, while Rs was the leading factor in evergreen forested sites. Meanwhile, air temperature (Ta), soil water content (SWC), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exerted smaller influences with the average contribution of 14.6%, 13.2%, and 8.9%, respectively. The relative impacts of LAI, Rs, SWC, and VPD also varied with aridity index, and mean annual precipitation and Ta. Furthermore, NEE was more sensitive to vegetation dynamics in drier climate regions. This study provides additional understanding of how environmental factors regulate NEE dynamics across diverse land surface and climatic conditions.
Diverse Deformation Mechanisms and Lithologic Controls in an Active Orogenic Wedge: Structural Geology and Thermochronometry of the Eastern Greater Caucasus
Authors: Tye A. R. , Niemi N. A. , Cowgill E. , Kadirov F. A. , Babayev G. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrogenic wedges are common at convergent plate margins and deform internally to maintain a self‐similar geometry during growth. New structural mapping and thermochronometry data illustrate that the eastern Greater Caucasus mountain range of western Asia undergoes deformation via distinct mechanisms that correspond with contrasting lithologies of two sedimentary rock packages within the orogen. The orogen interior comprises a package of Mesozoic thin‐bedded (<10 cm) sandstones and shales. These strata are deformed throughout by short‐wavelength (<1 km) folds that are not fault‐bend or fault‐propagation folds. In contrast, a coeval package of thick‐bedded (up to 5 m) volcaniclastic sandstone and carbonate, known as the Vandam Zone, has been accreted and is deformed via imbrication of coherent thrust sheets forming fault‐related folds of 5–10 km wavelength. Structural reconstructions and thermochronometric data indicate that the Vandam Zone package was accreted between ca. 13 and 3 Ma. Following Vandam Zone accretion, thermal modeling of thermochronometric data indicates rapid exhumation (∼0.3–1 mm/yr) in the wedge interior beginning between ca. 6 and 3 Ma, and a novel thermochronometric paleo‐rotation analysis suggests out‐of‐sequence folding of wedge‐interior strata after ca. 3 Ma. Field relationships suggest that the Vandam Zone underwent syn‐convergent extension following accretion. Together, the data record spatially and temporally variable deformation, dependent on both the mechanical properties of deforming lithologies and perturbations such as accretion of material from the down‐going to the overriding plate. The diverse modes of deformation are consistent with the maintenance of critical taper.
Dispersed Urban‐Stormwater Control Improved Stream Water Quality in a Catchment‐Scale Experiment
Authors: Walsh Christopher J. , Imberger Moss , Burns Matthew J. , Bos Darren G. , Fletcher Tim D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTraditional urban drainage degrades receiving waters. Alternative approaches have potential to protect downstream waters, but widespread adoption requires robust demonstration of their feasibility and effectiveness. We conducted a catchment‐scale experiment over 19 years to assess the effect of dispersed stormwater control measures (SCMs), measured as a reduction in effective imperviousness (EI) on stream water quality in six sites on two streams. We compared changes in those sites over 7 years as EI decreased, to changes in the 12 preceding years, and in three reference and two control streams. SCMs reduced phosphorus concentrations and summer temperature to reference levels in dry weather where EI was sufficiently reduced, but effects were smaller with increased antecedent rain. SCMs also reduced nitrogen concentrations which were influenced by septic tank seepage in all sites. SCMs had no effect on suspended solids concentrations, which were lower in urban than in reference streams. SCMs increased electrical conductivity: along with reduced temperature this is evidence of increased contribution of groundwater to baseflows. This experiment strengthens inference that urban stormwater drainage increases contaminant concentrations in streams, and demonstrates that such impacts are reversible and likely preventable. Variation in degree of water quality improvement among experimental sites suggests that achieving reference water quality would require SCMs with large retention capacity intercepting runoff from nearly all impervious surfaces, thus requiring more downslope space and water demand. EI is a useful metric for predicting stream water quality responses to SCMs, allowing better catchment prioritization and SCM design standards for stream protection.
Uncertainty Quantification of Transient‐Based Leakage Identification: A Frequency Domain Framework
Authors: Duan Huan‐Feng , Keramat Alireza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe leak detection methods in the frequency domain have presently become widely established among transient‐based techniques. This study quantifies the uncertainty of the frequency domain multiple leak detection subjected to uncertain Gaussian, independent, and identically distributed measurements. The lower limit of the variances and covariances of the estimated leak locations and sizes are derived via the Cramer‐Rao Lower Bound theory, whose derivation consistency with the Taylor expansion is also revealed. A systematic methodology based on the Monte Carlo simulations and probing waves is carried out to examine and verify the proposed formulations and corresponding outcomes, leading to an in‐depth analysis of interactions between probing waves and leaks. The results justify the formation of points of minimum error in the pipeline corresponding to each specific harmonic wave, which has direct application in detectability using signals of limited bandwidth in actual practice. The findings resolve the reason behind localization failure for some test cases and success for others despite the same noise levels, as illustrated via numerical and experimental test cases. A workflow for efficient leak detection and the approach to estimating the corresponding localization uncertainty is proposed. According to the findings of this study, one may recommend the predicted error‐location results to accompany the wave‐based leak detection outputs to render a measure of accuracy in the identification process.
Influence of Bedform Migration on Nitrate Reduction in Hyporheic Zones of Heterogeneous Sediments
Authors: Ping Xue , Xian Yang , Jin Menggui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe transport of sediments induced by river flow leads to the formation and movement of bedforms like ripples, and the exchange flux caused by the interaction between stream and bedforms significantly influences nitrogen dynamics. Previous studies have studied the role of bedform migration on nitrogen cycling in homogeneous sediments, however, how bedform migration affects nitrate reduction in heterogeneous streambeds is still unknown. In this study, we established a series of two‐dimensional numerical models to investigate the role of bedform migration on nitrate removal in physically (permeability) and chemically (particulate organic carbon; POC) heterogeneous sediments. Results from mobile bedforms were compared with matching immobile bedforms and equivalently homogeneous mobile ones. Mobile bedforms create periodic exchange flux fluctuations, reduce solutes penetration depths and residence time, and result in decreased denitrification rate. Both a larger bedform celerity and a smaller silt fraction lead to a lower NO3− removal efficiency. Thus, the bedforms are typically assumed to be immobile potentially making an overestimation of NO3− removal. Moreover, sediment heterogeneity cannot enhance NO3− removal in mobile bedforms, where the penetration depth and the residence timescale of NO3− are suppressed, and the formation of anoxic microzone is inhibited. The finding is significantly different from the previous understanding about sediment heterogeneity that can obviously enhance NO3− removal. This study is useful for understanding nitrate processing in streambed sediments and benefits to the management of watershed nutrients.
IL-18 deficiency ameliorates the progression from AKI to CKD
Authors: Luan Junjun , Fu Jingqi , Jiao Congcong , Hao Xiangnan , Feng Zixuan , Zhu Lingzi , Zhang Yixiao , Zhou Guangyu , Li Hongyu , Yang Wei , Yuen Peter S. T. , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Pi Jingbo , Zhou Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInflammation is an important factor in the progression from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of interleukin (IL)-18 in this progression has not been examined. We aimed to clarify whether and how IL-18 limits this progression. In a folic acid induced renal injury mouse model, we studied the time course of kidney injury and renal IL-18 expression. In wild-type mice following injection, renal IL-18 expression increased. In parallel, we characterized other processes, including at day 2, renal tubular necroptosis assessed by receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3; at day 14, transdifferentiation (assessed by transforming growth factor β1, vimentin and E-cadherin); and at day 30, fibrosis (assessed by collagen 1). In IL-18 knockout mice given folate, compared to wild-type mice, tubular damage and necroptosis, transdifferentiation, and renal fibrosis were attenuated. Importantly, IL-18 deletion decreased numbers of renal M1 macrophages and M1 macrophage cytokine levels at day 14, and reduced M2 macrophages numbers and macrophage cytokine expression at day 30. In HK-2 cells, IL-18 knockdown attenuated necroptosis, transdifferentiating and fibrosis.In patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis, IL-18 protein expression was increased on renal biopsies using immunohistochemistry. We conclude that genetic IL-18 deficiency ameliorates renal tubular damage, necroptosis, cell transdifferentiation, and fibrosis. The renoprotective role of IL-18 deletion in the progression from AKI to fibrosis may be mediated by reducing a switch in predominance from M1 to profibrotic M2 macrophages during the process of kidney repair.
Genuine selective caspase-2 inhibition with new irreversible small peptidomimetics
Authors: Bosc Elodie , Anastasie Julie , Soualmia Feryel , Coric Pascale , Kim Ju Youn , Wang Lily Q. , Lacin Gullen , Zhao Kaitao , Patel Ronak , Duplus Eric , Tixador Philippe , Sproul Andrew A. , Brugg Bernard , Reboud-Ravaux Michelle , Troy Carol M. , Shelanski Michael L. , Bouaziz Serge , Karin Michael , El Amri Chahrazade , Jacotot Etienne D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCaspase-2 (Casp2) is a promising therapeutic target in several human diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the design of an active-site-directed inhibitor selective to individual caspase family members is challenging because caspases have extremely similar active sites. Here we present new peptidomimetics derived from the VDVAD pentapeptide structure, harboring non-natural modifications at the P2 position and an irreversible warhead. Enzyme kinetics show that these new compounds, such as LJ2 or its specific isomers LJ2a, and LJ3a, strongly and irreversibly inhibit Casp2 with genuine selectivity. In agreement with the established role of Casp2 in cellular stress responses, LJ2 inhibits cell death induced by microtubule destabilization or hydroxamic acid-based deacetylase inhibition. The most potent peptidomimetic, LJ2a, inhibits human Casp2 with a remarkably high inactivation rate (k3/Ki~5,500,000 M−1 s−1), and the most selective inhibitor, LJ3a, has close to a 1000 times higher inactivation rate on Casp2 as compared to Casp3. Structural analysis of LJ3a shows that the spatial configuration of Cαat the P2 position determines inhibitor efficacy. In transfected human cell lines overexpressing site-1 protease (S1P), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and Casp2, LJ2a and LJ3a fully inhibit Casp2-mediated S1P cleavage and thus SREBP2 activation, suggesting a potential to prevent NASH development. Furthermore, in primary hippocampal neurons treated with β-amyloid oligomers, submicromolar concentrations of LJ2a and of LJ3a prevent synapse loss, indicating a potential for further investigations in AD treatment.
Novel missense COL2A1 variant in a fetus with achondrogenesis type II
Authors: Kobayashi Yukari , Ito Yuki , Taniguchi Kosuke , Harada Kana , Yamamura Michihiro , Sato Taisuke , Takahashi Ken , Kawame Hiroshi , Hata Kenichiro , Samura Osamu , Okamoto Aikou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAchondrogenesis type II (ACG2) is a lethal skeletal disorder caused by pathogenic variants in COL2A1. We present a fetus with cystic hygroma and severe shortening of the limbs at 14 weeks of gestation. We performed postnatal genetic analysis of the parents and fetus to diagnose the disease. A novel missense variant of COL2A1 [NM_001844.5: c.2987G>A, (p. Gly996Asp)] was identified, which led to the ACG2 diagnosis.
High-lying valley-polarized trions in 2D semiconductors
Authors: Lin Kai-Qiang , Ziegler Jonas D. , Semina Marina A. , Mamedov Javid V. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Bange Sebastian , Chernikov Alexey , Glazov Mikhail M. , Lupton John M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOptoelectronic functionalities of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors are characterized by the emergence of externally tunable, correlated many-body complexes arising from strong Coulomb interactions. However, the vast majority of such states susceptible to manipulation has been limited to the region in energy around the fundamental bandgap. We report the observation of tightly bound, valley-polarized, UV-emissive trions in monolayer TMDC transistors: quasiparticles composed of an electron from a high-lying conduction band with negative effective mass, a hole from the first valence band, and an additional charge from a band-edge state. These high-lying trions have markedly different optical selection rules compared to band-edge trions and show helicity opposite to that of the excitation. An electrical gate controls both the oscillator strength and the detuning of the excitonic transitions, and therefore the Rabi frequency of the strongly driven three-level system, enabling excitonic quantum interference to be switched on and off in a deterministic fashion.
Ordovician opabiniid-like animals and the role of the proboscis in euarthropod head evolution
Authors: Pates Stephen , Botting Joseph P. , Muir Lucy A. , Wolfe Joanna M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA crucial step in the evolution of Euarthropoda (chelicerates, myriapods, pancrustaceans) was the transition between fossil groups that possessed frontal appendages innervated by the first segment of the brain (protocerebrum), and living groups with a protocerebral labrum and paired appendages innervated by the second brain segment (deutocerebrum). Appendage homologies between the groups are controversial. Here we describe two specimens of opabiniid-like euarthropods, each bearing an anterior proboscis (a fused protocerebral appendage), from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota, Wales, UK. Phylogenetic analyses support a paraphyletic grade of stem-group euarthropods with fused protocerebral appendages and a posterior-facing mouth, as in the iconic Cambrian panarthropodOpabinia. These results suggest that the labrum may have reduced from an already-fused proboscis, rather than a pair of arthropodized appendages. If some shared features between the Castle Bank specimens and radiodonts are considered convergent rather than homologous, phylogenetic analyses retrieve them as opabiniids, substantially extending the geographic and temporal range of Opabiniidae.