bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the P-delta Effect and Stiffness Irregularity on the Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Authors: Zavala D J , Torres C J , Moreno J D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this research, the influence of the stiffness irregularity and the p-delta effect on the structural behavior of a reinforced concrete building is analyzed. The main objective is to determine the impact of the stiffness irregularity and the p-delta effect on the structural behavior in regular and irregular buildings. First, the linear dynamic analysis procedure is performed in order to determine the structural response in terms of drifts, shear force and moments per floor. Subsequently, we proceed with the nonlinear static analysis procedure to obtain the capacity curve of the structure. The post elastic stiffness and the overall ductility of the structure are determined from the capacity curve. Finally, a comparative analysis of the responses from the linear and nonlinear analysis is carried out to determine the percentage variation of the results. When analyzing the structures that consider the stiffness irregularity and the p-delta effect, variations of up to 16.50%, 11.00% and 14.00% have been obtained in drifts, shear force and moments per floor respectively, which are considerable values. When the p-delta effect is considered in structures with the presence of stiffness irregularity, there is a variation in stiffness of up to 59.85%. With this result it is explained that the p-delta effect produces a greater degradation of the overall stiffness of the structure.
Development of the spectrum transmittance measurement system for large-size optical elements of Cherenkov telescope
Authors: Geng Lisi , Hor Y.K. , Min Zhen , Wang Yudong , Yang Mingjie , Yang Jiaying , Zhang Shoushan , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Cherenkov and fluorescence telescopes are used to detect cosmic rays in many large-scale experiments. Certain large-size optical elements, such as quartz glasses with window and filters, are installed in front of cameras as the window to seal the cameras and minimize the impact of the night sky background light. The transmittance of those optical elements in Cherenkov and fluorescence telescopes is therefore vital for the measurement of the number of photons reaching the camera. The uniformity is an important parameter of transmittance at different wavelength over the whole window surface. It is difficult to ensure the uniformity of the window material when it is produced, especially for the size as large as 1 m2. The measurement of the uniformity of the transmittance of filters at different positions on the window, and over a large optical spectrum, is not a trivial task and therefore a dedicated system has been developed. The large-size filter transmittance measurement system can measure the spectrum range from 250 nm to 900 nm. A two dimensional motorized device is used to carry the system and the accuracy of the system is up to 0.01 mm. In addition, the measuring system can measure the transmittance at an incident angle ranging from 0° to 44°. The relative standard deviation can be reduced to less than 1% by alternately measuring with and without samples. The transmittance spectra of the neodymium glass standard sheets and quartz glass JGS2, of size 876 mm × 862 mm × 4 mm have been measured with this system and compared. The result of neodymium glass indicates that the system can measure the transmittance spectrum precisely, up to 1% uncertainty. The results of the JGS2 quartz glass demonstrate that our system is capable of measuring the optical parameters of very large sample with a precision at the level of 1% over a wide spectrum range.
Drastic reduction of nutrient loading to a reservoir alters its resistance to impacts of extreme climatic events
Authors: Munthali Elias , de Senerpont Domis Lisette N , Marcé Rafael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
By perturbing ecosystems, extreme climatic events (ECEs) can impair ecosystems’ resistance and resilience to other pressures, leading to cascading effects on the continued provision of their ecosystem services. In aquatic ecology, most of the studies linking impacts of perturbations on ecosystems are based on controlled experiments and modeling, rather than real-world data. Using a 55 year dataset of hydrometeorological and reservoir water quality variables from the Ter catchment in Spain, we fill this gap by applying non-linear dynamics and extreme value theory concepts to test whether trophic state modulates reservoir ecosystem’s response to ECEs. We show that both Granger causality between hydrometeorological and water quality variables and effects of ECEs on reservoir water quality diminish after drastic reduction in nutrient loading, supporting our hypothesis that the ecosystem’s trophic state modulates its resistance to ECEs. Thus, by safeguarding reservoirs from nutrient pollution, water resources managers can ameliorate impacts of ECEs on ecosystem health.
Not all subsidies are equal: measuring preferences for electric vehicle financial incentives
Authors: Roberson Laura , Helveston John Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Financial incentives, such as purchase subsidies, have been found to increase plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) adoption, but how these incentives are designed can impact their effectiveness as well as how equitably they are distributed. Using a national conjoint survey (N = 2170 respondents), we quantify how U.S. vehicle buyers value different features of PEV financial incentives. Participants overwhelmingly prefer immediate rebates, on average valuing them by $580, $1450, and $2630 more than sales tax exemptions, tax credits, or tax deductions, respectively. These effects are significantly larger for lower-income households, used vehicle buyers, and buyers with lower budgets. We estimate that on average $2 billion could have been saved if the federal subsidy available between 2011 and 2019 were delivered as an immediate rebate instead of a tax credit, or $1440 per PEV sold. Our results suggest that structuring incentives as immediate rebates would deliver a greater value to customers and would be more equitably distributed compared to the current tax credit scheme.
Salinity impacts on irrigation water-scarcity in food bowl regions of the US and Australia
Authors: Thorslund Josefin , Bierkens Marc F P , Scaini Anna , Sutanudjaja Edwin H , van Vliet Michelle T H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Irrigation water use and crop production may be severely limited by both water shortages and increased salinity levels. However, impacts of crop-specific salinity limitations on irrigation water scarcity are largely unknown. We develop a salinity-inclusive water scarcity framework for the irrigation sector, accounting for crop-specific irrigation water demands and salinity tolerance levels and apply it to 29 sub-basins within two food bowl regions; the Central Valley (CV) (California) and the Murray–Darling basin (MDB) (Australia). Our results show that severe water scarcity (levels >0.4) occurs in 23% and 66% of all instances (from >17 000 monthly crop-specific estimates) for the CV and MDB, respectively. The highest water scarcity levels for both regions occurred during their summer seasons. Including salinity and crop-specific salinity tolerance levels further increased water scarcity levels, compared to estimations based on water quantity only, particularly at local sub-basin scales. We further investigate the potential of alleviating water scarcity through diluting surface water with lower saline groundwater resources, at instances where crop salinity tolerance levels are exceeded (conjunctive water use). Results from the CV highlights that conjunctive water use can reduce severe water scarcity levels by up to 67% (from 946 monthly instances where surface water salinity tolerance levels were exceeded). However, groundwater dilution requirements frequently exceed renewable groundwater rates, posing additional risks for groundwater depletion in several sub-basins. By capturing the dynamics of both crops, salinity and conjunctive water use, our framework can support local-regional agricultural and water management impacts, on water scarcity levels.
Detecting temporal correlations in hopping dynamics in Lennard–Jones liquids
Authors: Sposini Vittoria , Chechkin Aleksei V , Sokolov Igor M , Roldán-Vargas Sándalo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lennard–Jones mixtures represent one of the popular systems for the study of glass-forming liquids. Spatio/temporal heterogeneity and rare (activated) events are at the heart of the slow dynamics typical of these systems. Such slow dynamics is characterised by the development of a plateau in the mean-squared displacement (MSD) at intermediate times, accompanied by a non-Gaussianity in the displacement distribution identified by exponential tails. As pointed out by some recent works, the non-Gaussianity persists at times beyond the MSD plateau, leading to a Brownian yet non-Gaussian regime and thus highlighting once again the relevance of rare events in such systems. Single-particle motion of glass-forming liquids is usually interpreted as an alternation of rattling within the local cage and cage-escape motion and therefore can be described as a sequence of waiting times and jumps. In this work, by using a simple yet robust algorithm, we extract jumps and waiting times from single-particle trajectories obtained via molecular dynamics simulations. We investigate the presence of correlations between waiting times and find negative correlations, which becomes more and more pronounced when lowering the temperature.
Optimal route to quantum chaos in the Bose–Hubbard model
Authors: Pausch Lukas , Buchleitner Andreas , Carnio Edoardo G , Rodríguez Alberto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The dependence of the chaotic phase of the Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian on particle number N, system size L and particle density is investigated in terms of spectral and eigenstate features. We analyse the development of the chaotic phase as the limit of infinite Hilbert space dimension is approached along different directions, and show that the fastest route to chaos is the path at fixed density n ≲ 1. The limit N → ∞ at constant L leads to a slower convergence of the chaotic phase towards the random matrix theory benchmarks. In this case, from the distribution of the eigenstate generalized fractal dimensions, the chaotic phase becomes more distinguishable from random matrix theory for larger N, in a similar way as along trajectories at fixed density.
The observed total suspended solids (TSS) yield a year after forest harvesting in hill dipterocarp forest of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Siti Aisah S , Mohd Azahari F , Mohamad Fakhri I , Shahzerul Hisam K , Hafizi M J , Mohd Syamin Aizat M Y 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The management of forested catchment areas has become important as water originates from upper catchment is the main source of raw water supply for the downstream users. The purpose of this study is to determine the total suspended solids (TSS) in the river system that are affected by conventional forest harvesting practices in Peninsular Malaysia. The study sites were located at Jengai Forest Reserve in Dungun, Terengganu. The commercial forest logging was implemented in the Compartment 44 and compartment 60 as control catchment. Kerak and Angka River catchments are in compartment 44 while, Jera River catchment is in compartment 60. Forest harvesting operation started in November 2016 and ended in October 2017 with tree cutting activities from May 2017 to September 2017. Observation of rainfall from June 2017 to December 2018 and observation of TSS for a one-year period after logging completed from November 2017 to October 2018. As shown by the Kerak River catchment, the TSS started to increase from November 2017 to January 2018 with TSS 5.8 times higher, followed by 15.4 times higher from February to April 2018 and 10 times higher from May to October 2018 compared to undisturbed catchment. These findings are important for forest managers to understand the effects of forest canopy opening to river water quality and as a guideline in the management of forest production for timbers in this country.
Analysis of riparian vegetation of a recreation site in Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Amaludin N A , Mohd Zulkafli N N , Ahmad Zu S A , Zamri N A Z , Ab Majid N A , Daliman S , Muhamad Nor A N , Zakaria R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lata Keding is recognised as one of the recreational areas in Jeli, Kelantan. It has the function to protect the riparian plant habitats but it is potentially threatened by anthropogenic activities. This study was aimed to determine riparian plant species diversity and estimate species abundance of riparian plant vegetation at Lata Keding, Jeli, Kelantan. The line transect method was used to collect vegetation data. The line transect was established about one km long and each plant species that exist within 3 m up to 5 m from the river bank were recorded. A total of 2389 individuals belonging to 36 families and 49 species were recorded in the study area. Species diversity with Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) with a value of 2.89, while Hmax was 3.99 and Evenness Index (EH) value was 0.72 for the study area. The most dominant families recorded with a high diversity of plant species were Family Melastomataceae (5 species), Asteraceae (5 species) and Fabaceae (3 species). A total of 529 individuals of Clidemia hirta from Family Melastomataceae was recorded as the most dominant species. Thirty-six species are classified as Not Evaluated (NE), six species classified as Least Concern (LC), four species as Near Threatened (NT), two species Vulnerable (VU) and one species listed as Critically Endangered (CR).
The remaining black jewels ecosystem in southern Peninsular Malaysia: Floristic composition of peat swamp forest in Muar, Johor
Authors: Hyrul Izwan M H , Ismail P , Siti Aisah S , Tariq Mubarak H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Ayer Hitam North Forest Reserve (AHNFR) is located in the Muar district of Johor, Malaysia. The total area of AHNFR is stated as 3,797 hectares (ha), and this forest is unique as it has both inland forest and peat swamp forest. Peat swamp forest established on organic soils while the inland forest grows on mineral soils. AHNFR best described as the last remaining ‘black jewel’ ecosystem in the state of Johor as other peat swamp forests has perished. Five transect lines were established within the peat swamp forest areas. Each transect line has five plots where each plot is 0.04 ha in size. All trees with more than 10 cm in diameter at breast height were enumerated to determine the community structure and diversity of trees. 447 individuals tree were enumerated and result indicated that a total of 31 families with 70 species were found in the area assessed. The total tree density for peat swamp forest in AHNFR was estimated at 447 tree ha-1. The top five species with highest density were Syzygium cerinum (33 tree ha-1), Syzygium inophyllum (31 tree ha-1), Palaquium hexandrum (29 tree ha-1), Stemonurus secundiflorus (24 tree ha-1) and Koompassia malaccensis (21 tree ha-1). Total tree basal area at peat swamp forest area of AHNFR was 24.48 m2ha-1. Species with highest basal area was K. malaccensis (3.46 m2ha-1) while the least was Lithocarpus curtisii (0.01 m2ha-1).
Assessing intraspecific wood density variations of Syzgium sp. in tropical forest of Southwest Sabah
Authors: Joseph J , James D , Chai L T , Korom A , Wong W V C , Maripa R D , Phua M H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wood density (WD) is a critical determinant of estimating forest above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon stock. Thus, heterogeneity in WD on individuals within species trees needs to be scrutinized, and acquisition of fixed WD value is essential to estimate carbon stock with confidence. This study investigated intraspecific variation in WD of Syzgium sp., also known as “Jambu” or “Kelat”. It is the most occurring species in study areas, and is regarded as an economically important species. Firstly, one half-diameter drilling from bark-to-pith measurement was taken per tree using Rinntech Resistograph R650-ED at breast height. Meanwhile, 5.15 mm-diameter core was sampled at 1.30 m above-ground, with DeWalt DCF899HP2 20V impact wrench 950 Nm and Haglöf increment borer. WD was estimated for each core sample using a dimensional method. Drilling resistance (DR) profiles were processed using DECOM 2.38m1 Scientific (c), and several independent variables were extracted from the resistogram. All resistogram-derived variables were positively correlated with field WD (R: 0.2 – 0.70). In addition, variability on WD in Syzgium sp. population is predominantly explained by the Resistograph amplitude, expressed as mean raw scale of adjusted DR (DR
adj.RawSC) in a regression model. Given that intraspecific variation in WD is a crucial conjecture in forest AGB estimation, it is recommended to analyze with larger samples, and in-depth exploration on Resistograph-based variables is deemed to improve the accuracy of WD prediction models.
Food security and Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) implementation at the Forest Management Unit (FMU) level: A case study in Salarom Taka, Nabawan, Sabah
Authors: Atin V , Ibrahim A L , Lintangah W J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The forest managed under Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) could contribute to food security, especially for vulnerable communities living in the forest’s vicinity. This study was conducted to determine the local community’s perception of the SFM implementation and food security in Salarom Taka, Nabawan. The interrelation between forest and community’s food security was assessed based on the availability and utilisation of various food resources from four accessible areas: natural forest reserve, forest plantation, alienated land, and resources purchased from the market. The food resources are mainly available and accessible through purchasing, followed by alienated land, forest reserve and forest plantation. Forest contributions are significant, with most communities utilising forest resources for direct food consumption and using fuelwood for food processing. The community depends on the forest to intensify their agricultural production to sustain their food security. The community are less aware of the SFM implementation in their area, but agree with better access to clean water sources, health and education facilities, and more employment opportunities. The roles of forests are strengthened through SFM policy which ensures the forest is managed sustainably, enhancing economic and environmental values that could benefit current and future generations.
A systematic review on linking community livelihood in social forestry with food security
Authors: Yahya H , Mohd Amir H , Lintangah W , Mohd Hamdan D D , Mohd Fadzwi F , Thomas G J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Food security issues, particularly forest resources, have gained increasing worldwide attention over the past few years. Although studies have discussed various food security contributions, few have addressed the connection between community livelihood with food security, particularly in social forestry areas. Thus, the study aims to address the gap from an overview of community livelihood and food security in various Asian countries. The study retrieved approximately 142 articles from different databases and filtered 71, highlighting 30 case studies related to social forestry and food security, published between 2010 and 2021 cross schemes in Asia. The key indicators of community livelihood and food security mainly stated access to forest area, consumption of forest resources and non-timber forest products. The findings could improve future planning and management of social forestry and enhance food security for rural development and community livelihood. Ultimately, the study proposed a framework of forest-food security linkages, specifically for social forestry areas.
An integrated framework for assessing land-use/land-cover of Kelantan, Malaysia: Supervised and unsupervised classifications
Authors: Yeo L B , Wan Mohamad W S N , Hasan R , Othmani N I , Abdul Hamid N H , Ramlee N , Yeo O T S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The change of land-use/land-cover (LULC) is inexorable to cater to the needs of the people, from a natural land use dominance to the built-up areas’ dominance. Many geospatial studies have examined the LULC, yet the data used were not up-to-date. Hence, this paper proposes an integrated framework to assess the LULC by using the latest complimentary data of Landsat 8 from Earth Explorer-USGS, and subsequently processed in Geographic Information System application (ArcGIS 10.8) by executing two classification techniques: i) interactive supervised classification (ISC) and ii) Iso cluster unsupervised classification (ICUC). The study area is Kelantan, a state located in Peninsular Malaysia. Three hundred sampling points were randomly generated within the boundary of Kelantan to compare the classified map of 2021 with ground data using Google Earth Pro 7.3 and Google Street View. Results show that the ISC method presents an overall accuracy of 87.7% (K= 0.79, p≤0.001) compared to the ICUC method, with an accuracy rate of 67.7% (K= 0.47, p≤0.001). ISC method with the proposed integrated framework can be viable techniques to assess LULC and can be used to study the change of LULC periodically. Thus, it helps stakeholders make better decisions in resource planning and distribution, especially in Kelantan, where the natural resources are rich.
Sustainability assessment of mangrove forest as a tourist destination: A case study using GSTC Criteria in Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Hamimah T , Nurul Huda N , Uni Kamlun K , Rosmalina A R , Jennifer C K L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The mangrove forest has been one of the natural areas that provides the local communities with economics opportunities especially those involving tourism activities. However, over time it could face destruction if there is no measure taken to monitor the impacts. The objective of this study is to identify mangrove forest conservation efforts in Nanamun River, Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia as sustainable ecotourism destination and to propose sustainable conservation guidelines based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Council’s Criteria and Indicator (GSTC) guidelines. A total of 14 in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders which involved the local government authorities, community representatives and local tour operators, as the primary data for this study. Purposive sampling were deployed specifically snowball sampling technique to identify key persons that could provide relevant information. The data collecting instrument were based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Council Criteria and Indicator (GSTC) guidelines for destination management which comprised 4 main sections (criterias): A) Demonstrate effective sustainable management; B) Maximize economic benefits to the host community and minimize negative impacts; C) Maximize benefits to communities, visitors, and culture; minimize negative impacts; and D) Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts. This study found that there are some efforts to conserve mangrove forest in the study area. Among the 4 criteria, section A (sustainable management) and B (economic benefits) were found to have most of the indicators for sustainability checked. However, some of the conservation efforts might still need to be formalized. Recommendations were made in accordance with the gaps found based on the GSTC guidelines used.