bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) Method for Midwives Planning and Estimation at Asrade Zewude MemorialPrimary Hospital, North west Ethiopia
Authors: Asres Gizew 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Work force is a crucial component of health service delivery system. Ethiopia faces health workforce challenges with regard to evidence based health work force planning. First the health worker to population ratio was used and later standard staffing schedule for each health facility level was used. Both of these methods did not address the issue of evidence based workload variation between the same levels of facilities at different locations within a country. A workload indicator of staffing need (WISN) method addresses these variations. Therefore this study was done to determine the gaps or excess and workload pressure in midwives, thereby to promote on the use of WISN for health facilities based on WISN results of midwives at Asrade Zewude memorial Hospital.
Methods: Cross sectional study using WISN model was used to determine the gaps or excess and workload pressure in midwives at Asrade Zewude Memorial primary hospital, North West Ethiopia. Midwives were selected based on priority point scale as outlined at WISN method.
Results: The finding showed that there were five working days each week with 1030 hours actual working time per year for midwives. This working time was spent on health service activities (58.4%), additional activities (36.6%) and support activities (5%). WISN calculation showed that a shortage of five midwives with WISN ratio of 0.8 at Asrade Zewude Memorial primary hospital North West Ethiopia.
Conclusion: Midwives at the study area were doing their routine work with 20% under staffed by covering the additional five midwives' position. With this working condition, it may be hard to achieve universal health coverage goals of the facility. Therefore the hospital should institutionalize WISN method planning to objectively employ midwifery professionals. This study had limitations too as it used retrospective annual service statistics and small sample size which affects generalization of the results to other health facilities and other health worker cadres within the study hospital.
Demographics and trends for inbound medical tourism in Germany for orthopedic patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Heinz Tizian , Eidmann Annette , Jakuscheit Axel , Laux Tino , Rudert Maximilian , Stratos Ioannis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:
Medical tourism is a rapidly growing sector of economic growth and diversification. However, data on the demographics and characteristics of the travelling patients are sparse. In this study we analyzed common demographic properties and characteristics of the inbound medical tourists seeking orthopedic medical care in Germany for the years 2010 to 2019 compared to a domestic group. At the same time, we examined how the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak of 2020 changed the field of medical tourism in Germany.
Methods:
Calculations were performed using administrative hospital data provided by the Federal Statistical Department of Germany. Data were analyzed from the years 2010 to 2020. Six elective orthopedic surgery codes (bone biopsy, knee arthroplasty, foot surgery, osteotomy, hardware removal and arthrodesis) were identified as key service-indicators for medical tourism and further analyzed. Factors including residence, sex, year, and type of elective surgery were modeled using linear regression analysis. Age and sex distributions were compared between patients living inside Germany (DE) or outside Germany (non-DE).
Results:
Between 2010 and 2020 6,261,801 orthopedic procedures were coded for the DE group and 27,420 key procedures were identified for the non-DE group. Medical tourists were predominantly male and significantly younger than the domestic population. Linear regression analysis of the OPS codes over the past years showed a significantly different slope between the DE and non-DE groups only for the OPS code "hardware removal". With the COVID-19 pandemic an overall decline in performed orthopedic procedures was observed for the non-DE and the DE group. A significant reduction below the 95% prediction bands for the year 2020 could be shown for hardware removal and foot surgery (for DE) and for hardware removal, knee arthroplasty, foot surgery and osteotomy (for non-DE).
Conclusion:
This study is the first to quantify inbound medical tourism in elective orthopedic surgery in Germany. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected many - but not all - areas of orthopedic surgery. It has to be seen how this negative trend will develop in the future.
Influence of electronic screen exposure on depression among women in early pregnancy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Wang Qian , Zhang Hongzhi , Zheng Danping , Tang Shaidi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies indicated that excessive engagement in digital devices could lead to negative psychological impacts in general population. The present study aimed to determine the effects of electronic screen exposure on depression among women in early pregnancy.
Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to June 2022. A total of 665 women in early pregnancy were recruited and the information included socio-demographic characteristics, screen exposure and Patient Health Questionnaire -9 depression scale.
Results: Among the women in early pregnancy, the total daily smartphone viewing time was the longest (median [P25-P75], 5 [3-6] hours/day) in the three types of electronic screen exposure. The total daily smartphone viewing time (Z=-2.239, P=0.025), smartphone (Z=-2.494, P=0.013) and television viewing time (Z=-2.640, P=0.008) before nocturnal sleep were significantly associated with depression among women in early pregnancy. The thresholds calculated by receiver operator characteristic curves were 7.5 hours/day, 1.5 hours/day and 1.5 hours/day, respectively. In addition, women with higher scores of smartphone addiction were more susceptible to depression (Z=-6.201, P＜0.001). The top three smartphone usages in women with depression were watching videos (22.0%), listening to music (20.9%) and playing games (16.7%).
Conclusions:In conclusion, electronic screen exposure, including screen viewing time, smartphone addiction and problematic smartphone use was associated with depression among women in early pregnancy. Further studies are warranted to verify the conclusions.
Gap Junction Protein Expression in Hyperoxia-Exposed Neonatal Rat Lung Tissue
Authors: Qing Cai , Xuefei Yu , Xindong Xue , Jianhua Fu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common devastating pulmonary complication in preterm infants. Gap junction is involved in many lung diseases. In this study, we examine the expression of gap junction proteins, including connexin 26 (Cx26), connexin 32 (Cx32), connexin 43 (Cx43), and connexin 46 (Cx46) in neonatal rat lung tissue. Neonatal rats were kept in either 21% (normoxia) or 85% O2(hyperoxia) continuously from postnatal day (PN) 1 to 14. The neonatal rats of normoxia group had well-formed alveoli and a normal RAC value. Distal lung histology in neonatal rats in the hyperoxia group showed fewer and larger alveoli with a lower RAC value (P < 0.01). Compared with the normoxia group, the ROS level and MDA level were significantly higher (P < 0.01), and the GSH level was remarkably lower (P < 0.01) in the hyperoxia group. The statistical analysis of TUNEL staining and apoptosis index (AI) results indicated that AI was significantly higher in the hyperoxia group than in the normoxia group (P < 0.01). Cx26, Cx32, Cx43, and Cx46 mRNAs levels in the hyperoxia group were higher than those in the normoxia group (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical results suggested that Cx26, Cx32, Cx43, and Cx46 were expressed in the lung tissue of both normoxic and hyperoxic neonatal rats. Immunofluorescence double-staining results suggested that Cx26 was expressed in both alveolar type I (ATI) and alveolar type II (ATII) cells. Nevertheless, its expression was mainly enriched in ATII cells. Cx32 was expressed in ATII cells only. Cx43 was expressed in both ATI and ATII cells. Cx46 was expressed in both ATI and ATII cells, but mainly in ATI cells. The Cx32 mRNA level was positively correlated with ROS level (P < 0.01), positively correlated with AI level (P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with RAC value (P< 0.01). We found that Cx32 was expressed only in ATII cells and was closely related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and alveolar development. Cx32 may be involved in the development of BPD and may be a novel target for BPD management.
Conservative treatment of patients with severe pelvic abscess after cesarean delivery in China: A case series
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , He Xiaobo , Chen Aner , Chen Jinliang , Wang Yinfen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The rate of cesarean section (CS) is increasing worldwide (especially in China) reaching 51-65%. Although severe pelvic abscesses after CS are rare, they are diﬃcult to treat. To address this problem, we herein report 23 cases of severe pelvic abscesses and their treatments.
Methods: We identified 23 patients with severe pelvic abscesses using International Classification of Disease codes in a retrospective quality assurance analysis.
Results and discussion: During the study, 23 women with severe pelvic abscess were identified among the 12640 patients who underwent cesarean delivery (CD). Eachpatient had a fever that lasted 5-17 days. B ultrasound or MRI revealed abscess cysts around the uterus in the pelvic abscess group. A total of 14 (60.9%) of the 23 patients with pelvic abscesses had wound dehiscence. In our patients, 15 patients had positive cultures, 10 were bacteria, two were Mycoplasma suis, and one was Rhizopus.
Conclusions: In conclusion, our study reported that pelvic abscesses were always complicated with wound dehiscence and polycystic pus, and most of them were located anterior tothe uterus. Although we did not formulate a standard treatment for the pelvic abscesses, debridement was a good treatment option, and the patients’ temperatures were controlled after pus was expelled from their wounds.
Shrinking the Haystack: An Approach to Identifying Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Electronic Health Record using a Computable Phenotype
Authors: Dimmock Anne E.F. , Chuang Cynthia H. , Hwang Wenke , Lehmann Harold P. , Danoff Sonye K. , Bascom Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Computable phenotypes are computerized search queries that allow efficient identification of specific groups of individuals (e.g., that may meet eligibility criteria for a clinical trial). Heterogeneous clinical syndromes challenge this approach because disease definitions and sub-phenotypes evolve, and diverse phenotypes may be needed for various applications (“use cases”) for diverse research aims. Herein we describe the development and validation of a computable phenotype for the rare disease idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), that addresses its evolving terminology and variable use cases. The goal of this study was to develop and execute a single computable phenotype for IPF using standard data architecture, and to evaluate it for different use cases, each with its own gold standard for validation.
Methods: The PaTH PCORnet Clinical Research Network (PaTH) IPF Working Group developed the candidate IPF computable phenotype and executed it against the Penn State PaTH to Health source population of 588,000 patients with an electronic medical record at Penn State Hershey Medical Center between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015. We established a consensus clinician diagnosis and performed duplicate (2-person parallel) chart review on a 100% sample with discrepancy adjudication.
We evaluated the computable phenotype performance for two use cases, each with a separate gold standard: the Inclusive Use Case [gold standard defined as IPF, familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF), or combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE)] and the Restrictive Use Case (gold standard defined as IPF, but not FPF nor CPFE).
Results: The IPF computable phenotype yielded an IPF Cohort (N=157) and an estimated population prevalence of 26.7/100,000. The computable phenotype had positive predictive values (PPV) for the Inclusive Use Case and Restrictive Use Case of 57% (89/157) and 47% (74/157), respectively, and an estimated population prevalence of 15.1 and 12.6/100,000, respectively.
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the utility of a single computable phenotype that can be validated against different gold standards depending on the intended health care or research use case. In a disease where there is no discrete biomarker, this provides a flexible approach to meet diverse clinical research needs.
Trial registration: N/A
microRNA-mRNA regulatory network analysis reveals a possible metastatic mechanism of uveal melanoma
Authors: zhang Ruixue , Wen Ying , Hao Jiawen , Qiu Yan , Liu Jinpeng , Wei Huixia , Guo Bin , Bi Hongsheng , Yin Xuewei , Li Zonghong , Guo Dadong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aim: Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults and it can develop metastatic melanoma. Therefore, it is crucial to identify biomarkers to provide early diagnosis and therapeutic targets.
Methods: The differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and mRNAs in patients with UVM were identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The target mRNAs regu-lated by DEmiRNAs were obtained from TargetScan and miRDB databases. Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed using Metascape software. The hub mRNAs used for the construction of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were identified using the STRING database and CytoHub plug-in. TCGA database and miRNA-targeted mRNAs were used to identify key mRNAs. Hub and key mRNAs were searched PubMed database for verification. Survival analysis was done using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Moreover, the correlations between methylation level and key mRNA expression together with survival rate were analyzed by gene set cancer analysis (GSCA). The miRNA–mRNA network was constructed by integrating mRNAs and miRNAs in-formation.
Results: We identified 22 DEmiRNAs and obtained 1436 targeted mRNAs in patients with UVM. Ten hub mRNAs (i.e., HNRNPA1, SRSF1, MATR3, SYNCRIP, TRA2B, TIAL1, FUS, FN1, SFPQ, HNRNPU) were screened and HNRNPA1, SRSF1, TRA2B, TIAL1, FUS, FN1, SFPQ, and HNRNPU were associated with cancer metastasis. KEGG analysis showed FN1 was associated with survival. In addition, CA12, NYNRIN, TDRD10 and WDR72 were associated with survival, while FOXD3, CA12 and SPDEF play pivotal roles in cancer metastasis. The TDRD10, COL11A2 and NYNRIN levels were negatively correlated with methylation, and the methylation level had a significant impact on the prognosis of metastatic UVM. The miRNA–mRNA regulatory network was con-sisted of 10 miRNAs and 14 key mRNAs, and these miRNA targets may have potential links to UVM metastasis.
Conclusion: We found that HNRNPA1, SRSF1, TRA2B, TIAL1, FUS, FN1, SFPQ, HNRNPU, FOXD3, CA12 and SPDEF were related to metastatic UVM, and FN1, CA12, NYNRIN, TDRD10 and WDR72 were related to survival in metastatic UVM. These mRNAs may be used as bi-omarkers of metastatic UVM and therapeutic targets.
The role of systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Tian , Zhang Duo , Tang Di , Heng Yu , Lu Li-ming , Tao Lei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives:
Systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) values and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with the prognosis of various tumors. There is minimal evidence of those two as prognostic markers in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, we aimed to examine the predictive value of SIRI and tumor-infiltrating CD3+/CD4+/CD8+T-cells in the prognosis of patients who underwent partial or total laryngectomy.
Study Design:
A total of 78 patients with LSCC who underwent total or partial laryngectomy at the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University between 2013 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.
Methods:
The tumor tissues of 78 LSCC patients were retrospectively evaluated using immunohistochemical staining for CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ -cells. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were recorded using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Results:
Patients with high immunoscore (IS) (3~4) had prolonged survival (P<0.001 for OS). High SIRI values were independently associated with poorer OS and DFS (P=0.018 for OS; P=0.016 for DFS). CD8+TILs and SIRI values showed a positive association (Pearson’s r = -0.2988, P<0.05). Patients with low SIRI values and high IS had better 5-year OS and DFS than those with high SIRI values and low IS (P<0.001 for OS; P=0.0014 for DFS). Patients with ‘hot’ tumor had a higher 5-year OS than those with ‘excluded’ or ‘cold’ phenotype.
Conclusions:
The SIRI values and the density of TILs may help predict LSCC patients' outcomes after surgery. The combination of SIRI and IS may be a new component of the tumor, nodes, and metastases (TNM) classification of cancer and prognostic factor for T cell-target immunotherapy.
Process of developing a cervical cancer education program for female university students in a health and physical education teacher training course: an action research
Authors: Yako-Suketomo Hiroko , Katayama Kayoko , Ogihara Atsushi , Asai-Sato Mikiko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study is to develop a cervical cancer education program for students and evaluate the process for female students of a Sports Science University who are training to become Japanese health and physical education teachers. Methods This study used the Action Research (AR) methodology. In developing the program, we analyzed the description of the teaching material development process, the lectures, and the content of the report as a process evaluation, which was the main activity in the program development. Thirtyfive third- and fourth-year students majoring in health promotion at the Women’s Sports and Science University, which trains health and physical education teachers in Tokyo, Japan, participated in this study. Results After a review of the prototype version of the cervical cancer education material, six out of nine reviewers determined that it can be published. In the revised cervical cancer education materials, messages from students, university lecturers, and gynecologists have been added as a column in the section on 'how to prevent cervical cancer. Analysis of the contents of the texts (16,792 characters in total) of 35 student reports resulted in the generation of 51 codes, 3 categories, and 15 subcategories. Conclusions This study reflects the intentions of female university students to contribute their knowledge to the development of educational materials on cervical cancer, which, alongside the lectures, have deepened the knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer. Based on this, the teaching material development process, lectures by experts, and students’ mindset after learning about cervical cancer is visualized in this study. There is a need for more educational programs on cervical cancer that are implemented through the education of female university students.
Determination of growth and yield stability in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes by using AMMI and GGE Biplot Analysis in different districts of Assam
Authors: Duarah Dorodi Priyom , Bordoloi Dibosh , Baruah Sudeshna , Gogoi Sukanya , Saikia Sewali , Dihingia Subhashree , Nath Lipika. , Bhagawati Mandakini , Sarmah Angana , Sarmah Juli , Neog Manoranjan , Pathak Prasanna Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Improved variety of tomato could offer tomato growers in Assam sustainable and efficient option to achieve reliable yield across a range of locations. The Genotypes of tomato were grown in different environments (E) in the 2020–2021 rabi seasons. The objectives of the study were to (i) determine the size of genotypic and genotype by environment interaction (GEN × ENV) variance components and (ii) evaluate the relative stability of tested genotypes for yield and its components across environments. The AMMI analysis of variance on multi-environment trials showed significant effects of genotypes, environment and genotype by environment (GEN x ENV) for all the characters. Partitioning of the total variance as a percentage of the total sum of squares indicated a higher percentage of variation due to environments for all the characters ranging from 4.02 to 90.90%. The character's shelf life and fresh fruit yield per plant estimate high heritability in conjunction with high genetic advance, indicates these characters govern by additive gene action. The result of genotype performance and stability GGE biplot, concluded the genotypes Arka Abhed (G1) and Arka Rakshak (G2) have vectors closest to the origin of the biplot makes them among the environmentally least responsive and can therefore be used in stable performance across environments. The genotype Rocky (G3) had the longest vector indicating that it was most unstable but adaptable to an environment. This suggests that it can be recommended for specific environments and is among the environmentally most responsive genotypes. The present investigation, environments Sonitpur (E8) and Barpeta (E6) have been adjudged the most representative environment; because they had the longer environment vector with the AEA for fresh fruit yield per plant. This implies that it represented the average environment for tomato fresh yield. These results suggest that high tomato yields could be consistently achieved with Arka Abhed (G1) and Arka Rakshak (G2) across the regions of Assam.
Fault-tolerant quantum algorithm for dual-threshold image segmentation
Authors: López Luis O. , Orts Francisco , Ortega Gloria , González-Ruiz Vicente , Garzón Ester M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The intrinsic high parallelism and entanglement characteristics of quantum computing have made quantum image processing techniques a focus of great interest. One of the most widely used techniques in image processing is segmentation, which in one of their most basic forms can be carried out using thresholding algorithms. In this paper, a fault-tolerant quantum dual-threshold algorithm has been proposed. This algorithm is based on Clifford+T gates. Because T gates add fault tolerance but have the trade-off of having a much higher cost than other quantum gates,our focus has been on reducing the number of T gates. This has allowed adding noise tolerance, computational cost reduction and fault toleranceto the state-of-the-art dual-threshold segmentation circuits. Sincethe dual-threshold image segmentation involves the comparison operation,as part of this work we have implemented two comparator circuits.These circuits optimise the metrics T-count and T-depth with respect to the best circuit comparators currently available in the literature.