bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal kaempferol exposure attenuates gait and strength deficits and prevents altered muscle phenotype in a rat model of cerebral palsy
Authors: Visco Diego Bulcão , Manhães de Castro Raul , da Silva Márcia Maria , Costa de Santana Bárbara Juacy Rodrigues , Bezerra Gouveia Henrique José Cavalcanti , de Moura Ferraz Maria Laura Rodrigues , de Albuquerque Glayciele Leandro , Lacerda Diego Cabral , de Vasconcelos Diogo Antonio Alves , Guzman Quevedo Omar , Toscano Ana Elisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by brain damage at a critical period of development of the central nervous system, and, as a result, motor, behavioural and learning deficits are observed in those affected. Flavonoids such as kaempferol have demonstrated potential anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective properties for neurological disorders. This study aimed to assess the effects of neonatal treatment with kaempferol on the body development, grip strength, gait performance and morphological and biochemical phenotype of skeletal muscle in rats subjected to a model of CP. The groups were formed by randomly allocating male Wistar rats after birth to four groups as follows: C = control treated with vehicle, K = control treated with kaempferol, CP = CP treated with vehicle and CPK = CP treated with kaempferol. The model of CP involved perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction of the hind paws during infancy, from the second to the 28th day of postnatal life. Treatment with kaempferol (1 mg/kg) was performed intraperitoneally during the neonatal period. Body weight and length, muscle strength, gait kinetics and temporal and spatial parameters were evaluated in the offspring. On the 36th day of postnatal life, the animals were euthanized for soleus muscle dissection. The muscle fibre phenotype was assessed using the myofibrillar ATPase technique, and the muscle protein expression was measured using the Western blot technique. A reduction in the impact of CP on body phenotype was observed, and this also attenuated deficits in muscle strength and gait. Treatment also mitigated the impact on muscle phenotype by preventing a reduction in the proportion of oxidative fibres and in the histomorphometric parameters in the soleus muscle of rats in the CP group. The results demonstrate that neonatal treatment with kaempferol attenuated gait deficits and impaired muscle strength and muscle maturation in rats subjected to a model of CP.
Agronomic and economic implications of cover crop and phosphorus fertilizer management practices for water quality improvement
Authors: Nelson Nathan O. , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Yeager Elizabeth A. , Williams Jeffery R. , Zerger Sarah E. , Kluitenberg Gerard J. , Tomlinson Peter J. , Abel David S. , Carver R. Elliott 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) fertilization practices and winter cover crops are promoted to protect water quality yet can potentially influence crop yield and profitability. This study examined the impacts of three P fertilizer management practices (no P, fall broadcast P, and spring injected P) and winter annual cover crop use on yields, net returns, and water quality in a no‐till corn–soybean rotation. Treatments were replicated in a 4‐yr field study where sediment, total P, and dissolved reactive P (DRP) losses in edge‐of‐field surface runoff were continuously monitored. Production budgets were developed for each treatment and coupled with water quality data to identify optimal practices and opportunity costs for improving water quality. Applying P fertilizers increased crop yield regardless of application method or cover crop, but the response was more pronounced in corn than soybean. The cover crop reduced corn grain yield in 1 yr with high temperature and low precipitation but did not impact grain yield in the other corn year or either year of soybean. The most profitable treatment was fall broadcast P fertilizer with no cover crop, which also had the greatest total P and DRP losses and near greatest sediment loss. The lowest‐cost methods of reducing total P, DRP, and sediment losses were, respectively, no P fertilizer without a cover crop ($47.56 kg−1 total P), spring injected P fertilizer without a cover crop ($56.47 kg−1 DRP), and spring injected P fertilizer with a cover crop ($0.16 kg−1 sediment). Widespread adoption of these practices will likely require monetary incentives.
Implicit and explicit racial prejudice and stereotyping toward Black (vs. White) Americans: The prevalence and variation among genetic counselors in North America
Authors: Hagiwara Nao , Duffy Conor , Quillin John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch has shown that patient experiences and outcomes of genetic counseling are not equitable across racial categories, disadvantaging Black patients relative to White patients. One major factor contributing to such racial disparities might be genetic counselor racial bias. The present study examined the prevalence of and variation in racial bias toward Black (vs. White) Americans among genetic counselors in North America. This study extends the current literature of racial disparities in experiences and outcomes of genetic counseling by distinguishing prejudice (negative feelings or attitudes) and stereotyping (beliefs) at the implicit and explicit levels as well as by including both certified genetic counselors and genetic counseling trainees. Two‐hundred and fifteen genetic counselors (107 genetic counselors Board‐certified by the American Board of Genetic Counseling, 108 genetic counseling trainees from Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling accredited programs) completed four measures in a random order: the Race Implicit Association Test (IAT, for implicit prejudice), feeling thermometer (for explicit prejudice), the Medical Cooperativeness IAT (for implicit stereotyping), and a self‐report measure of explicit stereotypes (for explicit stereotyping). On average, genetic counselors (both certified genetic counselors and genetic counseling trainees) were slightly to moderately in favor of White Americans over Black Americans at the implicit level. They were also slightly more likely to associate “medically cooperative” stereotypes with White Americans more than Black Americans implicitly. In contrast, genetic counselors, on average, did not display either explicit prejudice or explicit negative stereotyping, which may reflect social desirability concerns among genetic counselors. However, genetic counselors as a group strongly endorsed stereotypes related to mistrust (mistrustful of the healthcare system, skeptical of genetic testing, mistrustful of genetic counselors) to be more true for Black (vs. White) Americans. Finally, our study revealed relatively large variability in each type of bias across genetic counselors. Future research should examine how such variability in each type of bias is associated with patient experiences and outcomes of genetic counseling.
Outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia patients with der(1;7)(q10;p10)
Authors: Mizumaki Hiroki , Ishiyama Ken , Aoki Jun , Mori Jinichi , Mizuno Shohei , Doki Noriko , Fukuda Takahiro , Uchida Naoyuki , Onizuka Masahito , Tanaka Masatsugu , Katayama Yuta , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Ikegame Kazuhiro , Takada Satoru , Kawakita Toshiro , Aotsuka Nobuyuki , Atsuta Yoshiko , Yanada Masamitsu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with der(1;7)(q10;p10) who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) is unclear due to its rarity. We retrospectively analyzed 151 AML patients with der(1;7)(q10;p10) and compared the findings with those of 853 AML patients with monosomy 7 or chromosome 7q deletion (‐7/del(7q)) using Japanese nationwide registry data. The der(1;7)(q10;p10) group showed significantly better transplant outcomes than the ‐7/del(7q) group. In the multivariate analysis of the der(1;7)(q10;p10) group, additional chromosomal abnormalities and a poor performance status significantly influenced the survival. In conclusion, allo‐SCT is a feasible treatment option for AML patients with der(1;7)(q10;p10).
Passion for work passion research: Taming breadth and promoting depth
Authors: Astakhova Marina N. , Cardon Melissa S. , Ho Violet T. , Kong Dejun Tony 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite growing interest among researchers and practitioners in the topic of work passion, multiple conceptualizations of this construct exist, and research within each conceptualization has advanced along independent streams with little integration or cross‐fertilization. In this editorial, we provide a brief overview of the literature on work passion (including employee passion and entrepreneurial passion), describe five extant conceptualizations, and present criticisms and opportunities for future research. We discuss the six papers in this special issue on work passion research and strongly encourage additional research that tames breadth and promotes depth in the study of passion at work.
Enhancing bioflavor production by solid‐state fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus and l‐phenylalanine
Authors: Roy Priyanka , Gahlawat Vijay K. , Saravanan Chakkaravarthi , Singh Bhim P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study includes the utilization of sweet lemon peel (SLP) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) in solid‐state fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus for bioflavor compounds production adopting response surface methodology. The major flavor compounds, 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) and 2‐phenylethyl acetate (2‐PEA) were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with and without adding any supplements. Quantification of flavor compounds indicated that without adding any accessory in the substrate, the concentration of 2‐PE using SLP and SB was 0.15 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.14 ± 0.002 mg/g, respectively. Whereas 2‐PEA concentration using SLP and SB was observed as 0.01 ± 0.008 mg/g and 0.02 ± 0.001 mg/g, respectively. The addition of l‐phenylalanine (l‐phe) in the substrates showed 30%–75% enhancement in the production of 2‐PE and 2‐PEA. The present study indicates that the K. marxianus is a potential microbial cell factory for the production of 2‐PE and 2‐PEA with the addition of synthetic l‐phe having a plethora of applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Stress, anxiety, depression, and health‐related quality of life in caregivers of children with intestinal failure receiving parenteral nutrition: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Belza Christina , Avitzur Yaron , Ungar Wendy J. , Stremler Robyn , Fehlings Darcy , Wales Paul W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundImproved survival rates for children with intestinal failure (IF) have resulted in an increased population of children receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN). Our objective was to determine burden on caregivers of children with IF receiving long‐term PN.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of caregivers of children with IF receiving long‐term PN in our intestinal rehabilitation program. A healthy comparison group matched on age of the child was enrolled. All participants completed standardized questionnaires, including the Parental Stress Index – Short Form (PSI‐SF), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and PedsQL Family Impact Module (PedsQL FIM). Univariate analysis was completed using a Student t test and chi‐square, with an alpha value of <0.05 considered significant.ResultsThirty‐eight caregivers of children with IF and 29 caregivers of healthy children consented, with response rates of 89% and 96.5%, respectively. Our study demonstrated increased stress for caregivers compared with comparison parents (PSI‐SF total score of 83 [SD = 26.8] vs 62.9 [SD = 13.5]; P < 0.01). Caregivers had increased anxiety (HADS anxiety score of 9.3 [SD = 4.8] vs 6.7 [SD = 3.2]; P = 0.02) and higher depression scores (HADS depression score of 6.3 [SD = 4.3] vs 4.1 [SD = 2.6]; P = 0.02) compared with the comparison group. Caregivers of children with IF demonstrated decreased health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) (reduced PedsQL FIM total score of 50.6 [SD = 18.2] vs 84.1 [SD = 20.5]; P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated significant burden of care in caregivers of children with IF receiving long‐term PN, with elevated stress, anxiety, and depression and decreased HRQoL.
Nutrition risk prevalence and screening tools' validity in pediatric patients: A systematic review
Authors: Pereira Danielly S. , da Silva Vitória M. , Luz Gabriela D. , Silva Flávia M. , Dalle Molle Roberta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNutrition screening (NS) allows health professionals to identify patients at nutritional risk (NR), enabling early nutrition intervention. This study aimed to systematically review the criterion validity of NS tools for hospitalized non–critical care pediatric patients and to estimate the prevalence of NR in this population. This research was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases until June 2021. The reviewers extracted the studies' general information, the population characteristics, the NR prevalence, and the NS tools' concurrent and predictive validity data. Quality evaluation was performed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, adapted Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2). The primary studies were qualitatively analyzed, and descriptive statistics were calculated to describe the NR prevalence. Of the total 3944 studies found, 49 met the inclusion criteria. Ten different pediatric NS tools were identified; the most frequently used were Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP), and Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS). The mean NR prevalence was 59.85% (range, 14.6%–96.9%). Among all NS tools analyzed, STRONGkids and PYMS showed the best diagnostic performance. STRONGkids had the most studies of predictive validity showing that the NR predicted a higher hospital length of stay (odds ratio [OR], 1.96–8.02), health complications during hospitalization (OR, 3.4), and the necessity for nutrition intervention (OR, 18.93). Considering the diagnostic accuracy, robust and replicated findings of predictive validity, and studies' quality, STRONGkids performed best in identifying NR in the pediatric population among the tools identified.
Brillouin shift and temperature measurement by spontaneous Rayleigh‐Brillouin scattering profiles using different models
Authors: Yan Hongda , Wu Tao , Xu Wenjie , Ye Chenwen , He Xingdao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpontaneous Rayleigh‐Brillouin scattering spectra in nitrogen have been measured in the pressure range from 4 to 7 bar at a wide temperature from 291 to 399 K with a scattering angle of about 90°, and then fitted to different theoretical models (S6, V3, and G3). The result of the root‐mean‐square errors of fitting residuals shows that the V3 and G3 models have good fitting performance. However, compared to the predicted Brillouin shift, the maximum relative errors in deducing the Brillouin shift from fitted data are 0.6% for the S6, 3.3% for the V3 and 4.6% the G3 models. The S6 model is the most accurate model in retrieving temperature for the absolute error below 3.5 K while the absolute error is less than 25 K for the V3 model and 35 K for the G3 model. Although the V3 and G3 models may not be suitable for the atmospheric temperature measurement, they are more potential for the high‐temperature measurement of unknown environmental pressures.
Design and simulation of widely tunable picosecond synchronously pumped terahertz parametric oscillator based on silicon waveguide platform
Authors: Sun Wei , Wen Jin , Qin Weijun , He Chenyao , Xiong Keyu , Liang Bozhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA picosecond synchronously pumped terahertz optical parametric oscillator based on silicon membrane waveguide (Si‐based WTPO) is proposed and numerically simulated. Through designing the structure parameters of the silicon membrane waveguide, a broadband terahertz frequency range is obtained by satisfying the phase matching condition. The parametric oscillation process and output characteristics of Si‐based WTPO are numerically analyzed by solving the four‐wave mixing coupled‐wave equations, and the result has indicated that the parametric oscillation within the resonant cavity can apparently enhance the output terahertz wave power. Meanwhile, high bandwidth and efficiency output terahertz wave can be obtained, and too high pump power will lead to a reaction of reverse conversion. Finally, the threshold pump power is calculated. The Si‐based WTPO system we proposed is expected to make some contributions to the study of compact and efficient terahertz wave sources.
Rapid 3D absolute B1+ mapping using a sandwiched train presaturated TurboFLASH sequence at 7 T for the brain and heart
Authors: Kent James L. , Dragonu Iulius , Valkovič Ladislav , Hess Aaron T. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo shorten the acquisition time of magnetization‐prepared absolute transmit field (B1+) mapping known as presaturation TurboFLASH, or satTFL, to enable single breath‐hold whole‐heart 3D B1+ mapping.MethodsSatTFL is modified to remove the delay between the reference and prepared images (typically 5 T1), with matching transmit configurations for excitation and preparation RF pulses. The new method, called Sandwich, is evaluated as a 3D sequence, measuring whole‐brain and gated whole‐heart B1+ maps in a single breath‐hold. We evaluate the sensitivity to B1+ and T1 using numerical Bloch, extended phase graph, and Monte Carlo simulations. Phantom and in vivo images were acquired in both the brain and heart using an 8‐channel transmit 7 Tesla MRI system to support the simulations. A segmented satTFL with a short readout train was used as a reference.ResultsThe method significantly reduces acquisition times of 3D measurements from 360 s to 20 s, in the brain, while simultaneously reducing bias in the measured B1+ due to T1 and magnetization history. The mean coefficient of variation was reduced by 81% for T1s of 0.5–3 s compared to conventional satTFL. In vivo, the reproducibility coefficient for flip angles in the range 0–130° was 4.5° for satTFL and 4.7° for our scheme, significantly smaller than for a short TR satTFL sequence, which was 12°. The 3D sequence measured B1+ maps of the whole thorax in 26 heartbeats.ConclusionOur adaptations enable faster B1+ mapping, with minimal T1 sensitivity and lower sensitivity to magnetization history, enabling single breath‐hold whole‐heart absolute B1+ mapping.
Rapid estimation of 2D relative B1+‐maps from localizers in the human heart at 7T using deep learning
Authors: Krueger Felix , Aigner Christoph Stefan , Hammernik Kerstin , Dietrich Sebastian , Lutz Max , Schulz‐Menger Jeanette , Schaeffter Tobias , Schmitter Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

PurposeSubject‐tailored parallel transmission pulses for ultra‐high fields body applications are typically calculated based on subject‐specific ‐maps of all transmit channels, which require lengthy adjustment times. This study investigates the feasibility of using deep learning to estimate complex, channel‐wise, relative 2D ‐maps from a single gradient echo localizer to overcome long calibration times.Methods126 channel‐wise, complex, relative 2D ‐maps of the human heart from 44 subjects were acquired at 7T using a Cartesian, cardiac gradient‐echo sequence obtained under breath‐hold to create a library for network training and cross‐validation. The deep learning predicted maps were qualitatively compared to the ground truth. Phase‐only ‐shimming was subsequently performed on the estimated ‐maps for a region of interest covering the heart. The proposed network was applied at 7T to 3 unseen test subjects.ResultsThe deep learning‐based ‐maps, derived in approximately 0.2 seconds, match the ground truth for the magnitude and phase. The static, phase‐only pulse design performs best when maximizing the mean transmission efficiency. In‐vivo application of the proposed network to unseen subjects demonstrates the feasibility of this approach: the network yields predicted ‐maps comparable to the acquired ground truth and anatomical scans reflect the resulting ‐pattern using the deep learning‐based maps.ConclusionThe feasibility of estimating 2D relative ‐maps from initial localizer scans of the human heart at 7T using deep learning is successfully demonstrated. Because the technique requires only sub‐seconds to derive channel‐wise ‐maps, it offers high potential for advancing clinical body imaging at ultra‐high fields.
MR Multitasking‐based multi‐dimensional assessment of cardiovascular system (MT‐MACS) with extended spatial coverage and water‐fat separation
Authors: Hu Zhehao , Xiao Jiayu , Mao Xianglun , Xie Yibin , Kwan Alan C. , Song Shlee S. , Fong Michael W. , Wilcox Alison G. , Li Debiao , Christodoulou Anthony G. , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo extend the MR MultiTasking‐based Multidimensional Assessment of Cardiovascular System (MT‐MACS) technique with larger spatial coverage and water‐fat separation for comprehensive aortocardiac assessment.MethodsMT‐MACS adopts a low‐rank tensor image model for 7D imaging, with three spatial dimensions for volumetric imaging, one cardiac motion dimension for cine imaging, one respiratory motion dimension for free‐breathing imaging, one T2‐prepared inversion recovery time dimension for multi‐contrast assessment, and one T2*‐decay time dimension for water‐fat separation. Nine healthy subjects were recruited for the 3T study. Overall image quality was scored on bright‐blood (BB), dark‐blood (DB), and gray‐blood (GB) contrasts using a 4‐point scale (0‐poor to 3‐excellent) by two independent readers, and their interreader agreement was evaluated. Myocardial wall thickness and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were quantified on DB and BB contrasts, respectively. The agreement in these metrics between MT‐MACS and conventional breath‐held, electrocardiography‐triggered 2D sequences were evaluated.ResultsMT‐MACS provides both water‐only and fat‐only images with excellent image quality (average score = 3.725/3.780/3.835/3.890 for BB/DB/GB/fat‐only images) and moderate to high interreader agreement (weighted Cohen's kappa value = 0.727/0.668/1.000/1.000 for BB/DB/GB/fat‐only images). There were good to excellent agreements in myocardial wall thickness measurements (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] = 0.781/0.929/0.680/0.878 for left atria/left ventricle/right atria/right ventricle) and LVEF quantification (ICC = 0.716) between MT‐MACS and 2D references. All measurements were within the literature range of healthy subjects.ConclusionThe refined MT‐MACS technique provides multi‐contrast, phase‐resolved, and water‐fat imaging of the aortocardiac systems and allows evaluation of anatomy and function. Clinical validation is warranted.
A discontinuous least squares finite element method for the Helmholtz equation
Authors: Li Ruo , Liu Qicheng , Yang Fanyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe propose a discontinuous least squares finite element method for solving the Helmholtz equation. The method is based on the norm least squares functional with the weak imposition of the continuity across the interior faces as well as the boundary conditions. We minimize the functional over the discontinuous polynomial spaces to seek numerical solutions. The wavenumber explicit error estimates to our method are established. The optimal convergence rate in the energy norm with respect to a fixed wavenumber is attained. The least squares functional can naturally serve as a posteriori estimator in the h‐adaptive procedure. It is convenient to implement the code due to the usage of discontinuous elements. Numerical results in two and three dimensions are presented to verify the error estimates.