bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant epiphrenic diverticulum: an unusual case from diagnosis to treatment
Authors: Gorgoglione Francesca , Castorani Giulia , Palladino Nicola , Orciulo Grazia Vittoria , Ferretti Gian Maria , Palladino Diego , Simeone Anna , Taurchini Marco , Guglielmi Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

Esophageal diverticulum is a rare disease caused by impairment of esophageal motility. The incidence is not known, due to lack of symptoms in many cases. Surgical treatment is reserved to symptomatic patients. In this case report, we describe a rare case of epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum. A 61-year-old male with silent medical history, suffering severe chest pain had a CT scan showing a large esophageal diverticulum. The patient was referred to our hospital, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, to complete pre-operative assessment with a CT scan and a Barium swallowing radiography, giving morphodimensional details of the diverticulum. Based on these findings, the surgeons have chosen the appropriate operative strategy. The surgeons adopted a laparoscopic access, completed with robotic-assisted laparotomy due to the morphology of the diverticulum. Radiological evaluation is crucial in the diagnosis and in the treatment planning of symptomatic patients.
Reconsidering the ethics of compulsive treatment under the light of clinical psychiatry
Authors: Duarte Madeira Luis , Costa Santos Jorge 
Published: February 2022

The ethics of compulsive treatment (CT) is a medical, social and legal discussion that reemerged after the ratification by 181 countries of the 2007 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN-CRPD). The optional protocol of the UN-CRPD was ratified by 86 countries aiming to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights. It also determined the need to review mental health laws as under this light treatment of persons with disabilities, particularly those with mental disorders, cannot accept the use of CT. This selective review of literature aims to clarify inputs from clinical psychiatry adding evidence to the multi-disciplinary discussion. It focuses on how patients experience CT and its impact on their mental health and treatment programs, the reasons for the use of CT versus voluntary treatment and what efforts have been made to reduce, replace and refine the presence of CT in psychiatry.
Comments about the appraisal of systematic reviews in restorative dentistry
Authors: Afrashtehfar Kelvin I. , Saeed Musab H. 
Published: February 2022

Adequate adoption of evidence-based practice is deeply rooted in accessing methodological quality and completeness of systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting. Nonetheless, this assumption might be flawed if the methodological quality assessment has not been properly conducted. Taking the former statement into consideration, this correspondence article encourages the improvement of future tertiary manuscripts, especially in the field of restorative dentistry. Thus, this article addresses an overview of reviews in restorative dentistry as an example of evaluating tertiary evidence for increasing the awareness of reviewers, authors, and readers.
Temperature sensor based on an erbium-doped fiber Sagnac interferometer
Authors: Pizzaia João Paulo Lebarck , Silva Rodolpho Ladislau , Leal-Junior Arnaldo Gomes , Castellani Carlos Eduardo Schmidt 
Published: February 2022

The development of a highly sensitive all-fiber temperature sensor based on a Sagnac interferometer configuration is demonstrated here. We use 10 m of an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) as a passive sensing element inside the Sagnac loop, taking advantage of the extra birefringence added by the presence of the doping elements. Using a standard interrogation method of simply tracing a interference peak, we were able to detect temperature variations with a sensitivity of up to 0.2 nm/°C and high linearity. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that the usage of an EDF as a totally passive element can be an interesting option to extend the range of parameter possibilities achievable for highly sensitive temperature sensors.
Wavelength tuning robustness optimization for a high-temperature
single-mode VCSEL used in chip-scale atomic sensing systems
Authors: Zhou Yinli , Zhang Xing , Zhang Jianwei , Cui Jinjiang , Ning Yongqiang , Zeng Yugang , Wang Lijun 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the wavelength current tuning characteristics of high-temperature-operation single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for chip-scale atomic sensing systems are studied. Excellent wavelength current tuning robustness is helpful to improve the stability of atomic sensing systems. By optimizing the size of the oxide aperture combined with surface relief mode control technology, the single-mode VCSEL with an 8 µm oxide aperture can achieve 2.02 mW output power at 355 K, and the wavelength current tuning coefficient is

∼

0.25

n
m

/

m
A

. This excellent wavelength current tuning robustness results from the low active current density and device heat generation due to the optimized oxide aperture size.
All optical half-adder/subtractor using photonic-crystal-based nonlinear cavities
Authors: Fang Yanfeng , Tang Xiaoping 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we aim to design a compact structure that can work both as an optical
adder and subtractor. Also, as far as we know, one of the main
disadvantages of previous optical adders or subtractors is that,
inside a single structure, the levels of optical intensity for logic 1
at different output ports are different. In this work, we aim to solve
this issue, too. For this purpose, two separate structures were
designed for the half-adder and half-subtractor. The final structure
was realized by combining these structures and adding an extra control
port. When the control port is 0, the structure can work as an optical
half-adder; however, when the control port is 1, the proposed
structure can work as an all optical half-subtractor. The simulation
results show that the rise time and ON/OFF contrast ratio are about
1.5 ps and 18.3 dB, respectively. Also the simulation results prove
that the output levels for logic at all the output ports are at
similar levels.
Geographic clusters of objectively measured physical activity and the characteristics of their built environment in a Swiss urban area
Authors: Vallarta-Robledo Juan R. , Joost Stéphane , Vieira Ruas Marco André , Gubelmann Cédric , Vollenweider Peter , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Guessous Idris 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Evidence suggests that the built environment can influence the intensity of physical activity. However, despite the importance of the geographic context, most of the studies do not consider the spatial framework of this association. We aimed to assess individual spatial dependence of objectively measured moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and describe the characteristics of the built environment among spatial clusters of MVPA.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from the second follow-up (2014–2017) of CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a longitudinal population-based study of the Lausanne area (Switzerland), was used to objectively measure MVPA using accelerometers. Local Moran’s I was used to assess the spatial dependence of MVPA and detect geographic clusters of low and high MVPA. Additionally, the characteristics of the built environment observed in the clusters based on raw MVPA and MVPA adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic factors were compared.

Results
Data from 1,889 participants (median age 63, 55% women) were used. The geographic distribution of MVPA and the characteristics of the built environment among clusters were similar for raw and adjusted MVPA. In the adjusted model, we found a low concentration of individuals within spatial clusters of high MVPA (median: 38.5mins; 3% of the studied population) and low MVPA (median: 10.9 mins; 2% of the studied population). Yet, clear differences were found in both models between clusters regarding the built environment; high MVPA clusters were located in areas where specific compositions of the built environment favor physical activity.

Conclusions
Our results suggest the built environment may influence local spatial patterns of MVPA independently of socioeconomic and demographic factors. Interventions in the built environment should be considered to promote physically active behaviors in urban areas.
Value of D-dimer in predicting various clinical outcomes following community-acquired pneumonia: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jiawen , Zhou Kaiyu , Duan Hongyu , Yue Peng , Zheng Xiaolan , Liu Lei , Liao Hongyu , Wu Jinlin , Li Jinhui , Hua Yimin , Li Yifei 
Published: February 2022

Background
Whether high D-dimer level before treatment has any impact on poor outcomes in patients with community-associated pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted the first meta-analysis focusing specifically on prognostic value of high D-dimer level before treatment in CAP patients.

Methods
Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and World Health Organization clinical trials registry center were searched up to the end of March 2021. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) and observational studies were included to demonstrate the association between the level of D-dimer and clinical outcomes. Data were extracted using an adaptation of the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies (CHARMS-PF). When feasible, meta-analysis using random-effects models was performed. Risk of bias and level of evidence were assessed with the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool and an adaptation of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Data were analyzed using STATA 14.0 to complete meta and network analysis.

Main outcomes and measures
Besides d-dimer levels in CAP patients with poor outcomes, we also analyzed proportion of patients with or without poor outcomes correctly classified by the d-dimer levels as being at high or low risk. The poor outcome includes severe CAP, death, pulmonary embolism (PE) and invasive mechanical ventilators.

Results
32 studies with a total of 9,593 patients were eventually included. Pooled effect size (ES) suggested that d-dimer level was significantly higher in severe CAP patients than non-severe CAP patients with great heterogeneity (SMD = 1.21 95%CI 0.87–1.56, I2 = 86.8% p = 0.000). D-dimer level was significantly elevated in non-survivors compared to survivors with CAP (SMD = 1.22 95%CI 0.67–1.77, I2 = 85.1% p = 0.000). Prognostic value of d-dimer for pulmonary embolism (PE) was proved by hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (HSROC) with good summary sensitivity (0.74, 95%CI, 0.50–0.89) and summary specificity (0.82, 95%CI, 0.41–0.97). Network meta-analysis suggested that there was a significant elevation of d-dimer levels in CAP patients with poor outcome than general CAP patients but d-dimer levels weren’t significantly different among poor outcomes.

Conclusion
The prognostic ability of d-dimer among patients with CAP appeared to be good at correctly identifying high-risk populations of poor outcomes, suggesting potential for clinical utility in patients with CAP.
Evidence that dog ownership protects against the onset of disability in an older community-dwelling Japanese population
Authors: Taniguchi Yu , Seino Satoshi , Headey Bruce , Hata Toshiki , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Abe Takumi , Shinkai Shoji , Kitamura Akihiko 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
This study examined the association between dog and cat ownership, the onset of disability and all-cause mortality in an older population. Dog and cat owners take more regular exercise and have closer social relationships than non-owners. We further assess the beneficial effects of these moderating variables on the onset of disability and mortality.

Methods
Dog and cat ownership data were collected from 11233 community-dwelling adults age 65 years and older. These data were matched with data about the onset of disability held by the Japanese long-term care insurance system. Local registry data were used to ascertain all-cause mortality.

Results
During the approximately 3.5 year follow-up period, 17.1% of the sample suffered onset of disability, and 5.2% died. Logistic regression analysis indicated that, compared with a reference group of those who had never owned a dog (odds ratio fixed at 1.0), older adults who were currently dog owners had a significantly lower odds ratio of onset of disability (OR = 0.54 95% CI: 0.37–0.79). Our results further show that regular exercise interacts with dog ownership to reduce the risk of disability. The association of dog and/or cat ownership with all-cause mortality was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Dog ownership appears to protect against incident disability among older Japanese adults. Additional benefits are gained from ownership combined with regular exercise. Daily dog care may have an important role to play in health promotion and successful aging.
Evaluation of the genetic risk for COVID-19 outcomes in COPD and differences among worldwide populations
Authors: Marçalo Rui , Neto Sonya , Pinheiro Miguel , Rodrigues Ana J. , Sousa Nuno , Santos Manuel A. S. , Simão Paula , Valente Carla , Andrade Lília , Marques Alda , Moura Gabriela R. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPopulations seem to respond differently to the global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Recent studies show individual variability in both susceptibility and clinical response to COVID-19 infection. People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) constitute one of COVID-19 risk groups, being already associated with a poor prognosis upon infection. This study aims contributing to unveil the underlying reasons for such prognosis in people with COPD and the variability in the response observed across worldwide populations, by looking at the genetic background as a possible answer to COVID-19 infection response heterogeneity.MethodsSNPs already associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 infection (rs286914 and rs12329760) and severe COVID-19 with respiratory failure (rs657152 and rs11385942) were assessed and their allelic frequencies used to calculate the probability of having multiple risk alleles. This was performed on a Portuguese case-control COPD cohort, previously clinically characterized and genotyped from saliva samples, and also on worldwide populations (European, Spanish, Italian, African, American and Asian), using publicly available frequencies data. A polygenic risk analysis was also conducted on the Portuguese COPD cohort for the two mentioned phenotypes, and also for hospitalization and survival to COVID-19 infection.FindingsNo differences in genetic risk for COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, severity or survival were found between people with COPD and the control group (all p-values > 0.01), either considering risk alleles individually, allelic combinations or polygenic risk scores. All populations, even those with European ancestry (Portuguese, Spanish and Italian), showed significant differences from the European population in genetic risk for both COVID-19 susceptibility and severity (all p-values < 0.0001).ConclusionOur results indicate a low genetic contribution for COVID-19 infection predisposition or worse outcomes observed in people with COPD. Also, our study unveiled a high genetic heterogeneity across major world populations for the same alleles, even within European sub-populations, demonstrating the need to build a higher resolution European genetic map, so that differences in the distribution of relevant alleles can be easily accessed and used to better manage diseases, ultimately, safeguarding populations with higher genetic predisposition to such diseases.
The New Music Industries: Disruption and Discovery, Diane Hughes, Mark Evans, Guy Morrow and Sarah Keith (2016)
Authors: Williams David A. 
Published: February 2022

Review of: The New Music Industries: Disruption and Discovery, Diane Hughes, Mark Evans, Guy Morrow and Sarah Keith (2016)
Cham: Springer Publishing, 137 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-319-40364-9, h/bk, USD $69.99
Musical Gentrification: Popular Music, Distinction and Social Mobility, P. Dyndahl, S. Karlsen and R. Wright (eds) (2020)
Authors: Missena Sol Elisa Martinez 
Published: February 2022

Review of: Musical Gentrification: Popular Music, Distinction and Social Mobility, P. Dyndahl, S. Karlsen and R. Wright (eds) (2020)
London and New York: Routledge, 196 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36734-335-4, h/bk, USD $160.00
Endoscopic Coil Embolization for Refractory Intrahepatic Biliary Duct Leak
Authors: Dutra Barbara , Welborn Macartney , Thosani Nirav C. , Badillo Ricardo , DaVee Tomas , Bhakta Dimpal 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Bile leaks may be seen after blunt and penetrating trauma, as well as iatrogenic injury from surgical procedures. There are many articles on endoscopic treatment options for the management of biliary leaks, including sphincterotomy, endoscopic stent, or nasobiliary drain placement. Data, however, are scarce regarding the management of persistent biliary leaks after the initial intervention. We present a case of endoscopic coil embolization to treat a refractory bile leak after initial endoscopic sphincterotomy and stent placement in a patient with a grade IV liver laceration due to a gunshot wound.
On Quantification of Incidence and Intensity of Poverty
Authors: Khataniar Rabinjyoti 
Published: February 2022

The study aims to explore and quantify poverty from global to local context based on available secondary data published by the World Bank and Planning Commission of India. The study reveals that the global absolute number of poor and poverty ratio has declined in spite of the increase in total global population. At the National level, not only the poverty ratio but also the poverty gap has declined. However, the disparity in the number of poor people in its complete term points out a different trend of poverty, i.e., poverty in India was getting tilted to urban poverty. Almost all developing economies have been showing the same trend; a large proportion of the urban poor live on less than 1$ a day. The incidence of poverty in the state of Assam has been on a declining trend since 1973-74. However, Assam has experienced an increase in absolute poverty, both rural and urban, as a result of the state's rapid population growth and others. The study recommended institutional initiatives for continuous monitoring of official poverty data, which has been suspended since 2011. It is also essential to have a new poverty assessment based on multidimensional components like access to health care, education, sanitation, and living spaces with social distance along with income.
Novel mutation in PIK3CD affecting the Ras-binding domain
Authors: Abrego Fuentes Laura , Garkaby Jenny , Scott Ori , Willet Pachul Jessica , Dadi Harjit , Merico Daniele , Vong Linda 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays critical roles in diverse cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, motility, survival, and growth. PI3Kδ, comprised of the catalytic subunit p110δ and regulatory subunit p85α, is essential for normal lymphocyte and myeloid development and function. Gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CD (encoding p110δ) cause a combined immunodeficiency known as activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS), in which patients frequently present with recurrent respiratory infections, severe recurrent (or persistent) infections with herpes family viruses, and lymphadenopathy. Aim: To describe the clinical presentation, immune evaluation, and genetic work-up of 2 patients (daughter and mother) with recurrent sinopulmonary, soft tissue, and skin infections. Results: Both daughter and mother presented with recurrent sinopulmonary and soft tissue infections. Immune evaluation of the daughter revealed intermittent hypogammaglobulinemia and abnormal specific vaccine responses, while immune parameters of her mother were normal. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel mutation in PIK3CD (NM_005026), c.C719T, resulting in p.T240M. Western blot analysis of downstream AKT levels revealed increased basal phosphorylation, in line with gain-of-function mutations of PIK3CD. Conclusion: The novel missense mutation in PIK3CD occurs in the region encoding the Ras-binding domain (RBD) of p110δ, and likely alters the structural configuration of the domain. To date, pathogenic mutations targeting the RBD of p110δ have not yet been described. Our results expand on the genotypic spectrum of APDS. Statement of Novelty: We describe a novel mutation in the Ras-binding domain of PIK3CD leading to a presentation of recurrent sinopulmonary and soft tissue infections in the context of APDS.
Temporal activity patterns of layer II and IV rat barrel cortex neurons in healthy and injured conditions
Authors: Burns Thomas F. , Rajan Ramesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeurons are known to encode information not just by how frequently they fire, but also at what times they fire. However, characterizations of temporal encoding in sensory cortices under conditions of health and injury are limited. Here we characterized and compared the stimulus‐evoked activity of 1210 online‐sorted units in layers II and IV of rat barrel cortex under healthy and diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) (caused by a weight‐drop model) conditions across three timepoints post‐injury: four days, two weeks, and eight weeks. Temporal activity patterns in the first 50 ms post‐stimulus recording showed four categories of responses: no response or 1, 2, or 3 temporally‐distinct response components, that is, periods of high unit activity separated by silence. The relative proportions of unit response categories were similar between layers II and IV in healthy conditions but not in early post‐TBI conditions. For units with multiple response components, inter‐component timings were reliable in healthy and late post‐TBI conditions but disrupted by injury. Response component times typically shifted earlier with increasing stimulus intensity and this was more pronounced in layer IV than layer II. Surprisingly, injury caused a reversal of this trend and in the late post‐TBI condition no stimulus intensity‐dependence differences were observed between layers II and IV. We speculate this indicates a potential compensatory mechanism in response to injury. These results demonstrate how temporal encoding features maladapt or functionally recover differently in sensory cortex after TBI. Such maladaptation or functional recovery is layer‐dependent, perhaps due to differences in thalamic input or local inhibitory neuronal makeup.