bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors among pregnant women in Southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Beressa Girma , Lencha Bikila , Bosha Tafese , Egata Gudina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnemia is predicted to affect 38% (32 million) of pregnant women worldwide. However, evidence for utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors during pregnancy in low-income countries, including Ethiopia, is sparse and inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors among pregnant women in Robe Town, Southeast Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected 445 pregnant women attending antenatal care at health facilities from May to July 2015. A systematic random sampling was used to select respondents. Data were collected using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of compliance with iron supplementation. An odds ratio, along with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to estimate the strength of the association. In this study, 54% [95% CI (49.4, 58.4%)], 45.2% [95% CI (40.9, 49.4%)], 4.3% [95% CI (2.5, 6.3%)], and 2.2% [95% CI (1.1, 3.6%)] of women received iron supplements during their first, second, third, and fourth antenatal care visits, respectively. The level of compliance with iron supplementation was 92.4% [95% CI (89.9, 94.6%)]. Having a formal education (AOR = 4.45, 95% CI 1.41, 13.99), being in the high wealth quintile (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.05, 0.68), medium wealth quintile [(AOR = 0.33, 95% CI (0.11, 0.98)], receiving iron supplements for free (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI 1.33, 10.69), not experiencing discomfort related to iron supplements intake (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.17, 7.39), having comprehensive knowledge about anemia (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.02, 6.70), being knowledgeable about iron supplements (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI 1.12, 9.76), having information about importance of iron supplementation during pregnancy (AOR = 2.86; 95% CI 1.04, 7.87), and ever being visited by urban health extension workers (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.12, 0.83) was significantly associated with compliance with iron supplementation during pregnancy. The utilization of iron supplementation during pregnancy was low, with relatively high compliance with the supplements. Thus, comprehensive nutrition education and free provision of iron supplementation are crucial tools to increase utilization and compliance with iron supplementation during pregnancy. Further research with a strong study design using golden standard methods is warranted.
Spatial distribution and interactions between mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and climatic factors in the Amazon, with emphasis on the tribe Mansoniini
Authors: de Mello Cecilia Ferreira , Figueiró Ronaldo , Roque Rosemary Aparecida , Maia Daniele Aguiar , da Costa Ferreira Vânia , Guimarães Anthony Érico , Alencar Jeronimo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of mosquitoes in different seasonal periods and the interaction between climatic factors and the abundance of mosquitoes, especially those belonging to the tribe Mansoniini in the area surrounding the Amazon hydroelectric production region (Jirau-HP) of Rondônia state, Brazil. Mosquito specimens were collected in May, July, October, and December 2018, and April, July, September, and November 2019, over periods of three alternating days during the hours of 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Mosquito sampling was performed using automatic CDC and Shannon light traps. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), combined with Monte Carlo permutations, was used to evaluate the correlation between climatic variables and species distribution. In addition, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to verify the similarity among the sampled communities from the different collections. After analyzing the total mosquito fauna at all sampling points, 46,564 specimens were identified, with Mansonia dyari showing the highest relative abundance in 2018 (35.9%). In contrast, Mansonia titillans had the highest relative abundance in 2019 (25.34%), followed by Mansonia iguassuensis (24.26%). The CCA showed that maximum temperature significantly influenced the distribution of mosquito populations in the study area (p = 0.0406). The NMDS showed that sampling carried out in the rainy and dry seasons formed two distinct groups. There was a significant correlation between species richness and cumulative precipitation 15 days before the sampling period (R2 = 58.39%; p = 0.0272). Thus, both temperature and precipitation affected mosquito population dynamics. The effect of rainfall on mosquito communities may be due to variations in habitat availability for immature forms.
Flap structure within receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike periodically obstructs hACE2 Binding subdomain bearing similarities to HIV-1 protease flap
Authors: Peters Michael H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 prefusion spike protein is characterized by a high degree of flexibility and temporal transformations associated with its multifunctional behavior. In this study, we have examined the dynamics of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in detail. Its primary, binding subdomain with human Angiotensin Covering Enzyme II includes a highly conspicuous flap or loop that is part of a beta hairpin loop structural motif. Dynamic details of the RBD obtained through RMSF and Order Parameter calculations are consistent with structural details including the stability of “glue” points or dominant interaction energy residues of the RBD in the Up and Down states with its neighboring N-terminal domain (NTD) protomer. The RBD flap in the Up state protomer periodically obstructs the binding site on an approximate 70 ns time interval and is reminiscent of an HIV-1 protease polypeptide flap that opens and closes to modulate that enzymes activity. No claim is made here regarding the possible modulating role of the flap; however, the flap may be a potential site for therapeutic targeting aimed at keeping it in the closed state, as previously demonstrated in the inhibition of the HIV-1 protease polypeptide. The RBD primary binding subdomain is further shown to have not only similar dynamics but, also, an approximate 30% sequence similarity to the HIV-1 protease polypeptide.
Unravelling the role of transient redox partner complexes in P450 electron transfer mechanics
Authors: Hargrove Tatiana Y. , Lamb David C. , Smith Jarrod A. , Wawrzak Zdzislaw , Kelly Steven L. , Lepesheva Galina I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe molecular evolution of cytochromes P450 and associated redox-driven oxidative catalysis remains a mystery in biology. It is widely believed that sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), an essential enzyme of sterol biosynthesis, is the ancestor of the whole P450 superfamily given its conservation across species in different biological kingdoms. Herein we have utilized X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations, phylogenetics and electron transfer measurements to interrogate the nature of P450-redox partner binding using the naturally occurring fusion protein, CYP51-ferredoxin found in the sterol-producing bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus. Our data advocates that the electron transfer mechanics in the M. capsulatus CYP51-ferredoxin fusion protein involves an ensemble of ferredoxin molecules in various orientations and the interactions are transient. Close proximity of ferredoxin, however, is required to complete the substrate-induced large-scale structural switch in the P450 domain that enables proton-coupled electron transfer and subsequent oxygen scission and catalysis. These results have fundamental implications regarding the early evolution of electron transfer proteins and for the redox reactions in the early steps of sterol biosynthesis. They also shed new light on redox protein mechanics and the subsequent diversification of the P450 electron transfer machinery in nature.
Flexible ultrasound transceiver array for non-invasive surface-conformable imaging enabled by geometric phase correction
Authors: Elloian Jeffrey , Jadwiszczak Jakub , Arslan Volkan , Sherman Jeffrey D. , Kessler David O. , Shepard Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltrasound imaging provides the means for non-invasive real-time diagnostics of the internal structure of soft tissue in living organisms. However, the majority of commercially available ultrasonic transducers have rigid interfaces which cannot conform to highly-curved surfaces. These geometric limitations can introduce a signal-quenching air gap for certain topographies, rendering accurate imaging difficult or impractical. Here, we demonstrate a 256-element flexible two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound piezoelectric transducer array with geometric phase correction. We show surface-conformable real-time B-mode imaging, down to an extreme radius of curvature of 1.5 cm, while maintaining desirable performance metrics such as high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimal elemental cross-talk at all stages of bending. We benchmark the array capabilities by resolving reflectors buried at known locations in a medical-grade tissue phantom, and demonstrate how phase correction can improve image reconstruction on curved surfaces. With the current array design, we achieve an axial resolution of ≈ 2 mm at clinically-relevant depths in tissue, while operating the array at 1.4 MHz with a bandwidth of ≈ 41%. We use our prototype to image the surface of the human humerus at different positions along the arm, demonstrating proof-of-concept applicability for real-time diagnostics using phase-corrected flexible ultrasound probes.
Predicting fertility from sperm motility landscapes
Authors: Fernández-López Pol , Garriga Joan , Casas Isabel , Yeste Marc , Bartumeus Frederic 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the organisational principles of sperm motility has both evolutionary and applied impact. The emergence of computer aided systems in this field came with the promise of automated quantification and classification, potentially improving our understanding of the determinants of reproductive success. Yet, nowadays the relationship between sperm variability and fertility remains unclear. Here, we characterize pig sperm motility using t-SNE, an embedding method adequate to study behavioural variability. T-SNE reveals a hierarchical organization of sperm motility across ejaculates and individuals, enabling accurate fertility predictions by means of Bayesian logistic regression. Our results show that sperm motility features, like high-speed and straight-lined motion, correlate positively with fertility and are more relevant than other sources of variability. We propose the combined use of embedding methods with Bayesian inference frameworks in order to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between fertility and sperm motility in animals, including humans.
A fast layered path planning algorithm for job shop scheduling problem
Authors: Huang Lin , Zhao Shikui , Han Qing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractJob shop scheduling problem (JSP) is a classical system resource optimisation problem and also an NP hard problem. The search algorithm based on Akers obstacle graph model is an effective algorithm to solve JSP, which first removes part of jobs from the original schedule, then constructs obstacle graph and finds the shortest path from the graph, and finally reinserts the jobs according to the shortest path decoding method to get the new schedule. Although the new scheduling can achieve good results, it is time‐consuming to find the shortest path. Therefore, it is necessary to further study how to quickly plan the shortest path. This study presents a fast layered path search algorithm for solving the obstacle graph of job shop scheduling. The algorithm designs a node expansion method and a delay distance formula. The obstacles generated by different machines in the obstacle graph are layered. When the nodes expand, the extended nodes are compared with the parent layer nodes to quickly avoid closely arranged obstacles, and multiple child nodes are generated at one time through node expansion to improve the node expansion ability. At the same time, node expansion method and delay distance formula can be well integrated with A* algorithm. Finally, the test verifies that the algorithm can spend less time to find the shortest path.
Thermal ageing of soft and hard epoxy resins
Authors: Ohki Yoshimichi , Hirai Naoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo kinds of epoxy resin, a soft one with rubber‐based additives and an ordinary hard one, are used as electrical insulators and airtight sealants in electrical penetrations in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Knowing how they behave under adverse environments is important for the safe operation of NPPs. In this regard, we gave artificial thermal ageing treatment to the two resins by heating them in air at various temperatures. The resins were then subjected to mechanical, thermal, and dielectric tests. As a result, it has become clear that the soft epoxy resin becomes hard, while its permittivity and loss factor decrease as the heating becomes longer. The glass transition tends to occur at a high temperature in the soft epoxy resin when it was heated. With these changes, the soft resin tends to exhibit similar behaviour in various properties to that of the unaged hard one. On the other hand, the hard one is hardly affected by the simulated thermal ageing. Therefore, both resins can be useable in NPPs.
The method of intelligent wireless sensor to improve the water permeability of permeable asphalt concrete pavement
Authors: Zhang Xingmei , Xu Cong , Lei Qi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis research aims to study the intelligent wireless sensor to improve the water permeability of permeable asphalt concrete pavement. The water permeability of pavement is extremely important for the traffic environment. This study first briefly introduces the background and significance analysis, and then exemplifies the deployment algorithm and model of wireless sensors on asphalt pavement. For example, the wireless sensor deployment strategy along the asphalt pavement based on linear dual sink nodes can be divided into linear wireless sensor node deployment, wireless sensor energy consumption model, and wireless sensor zone coverage principle. Another example is the wireless sensor network (WSN) deployment model along the asphalt road and the wireless sensor structure model, which are divided into WSN structure, sensor node structure, gateway interconnection of WSNs and other types of networks. Then this study conducts experiments and results analysis based on wireless sensors for improving the permeability of asphalt pavement and asphalt content. In this study, the factors affecting the water permeability of asphalt pavement are tested, and the application of sensors in testing its performance, and the optimal asphalt ratio is selected in the experiment to make its water permeability better. Finally, the study discusses and summarises the experiments, and it is concluded that the optimum asphalt content in the mixture is 5.48%–6.22%. Influencing factors include temperature and humidity, void ratio, cross slope gradient and so on. This experiment has a good reference prospect.
Second quantised information distance
Authors: Dai Songsong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Kolmogorov complexity of a string is the minimum length of a programme that can produce that string. Information distance between two strings based on Kolmogorov complexity is defined as the minimum length of a programme that can transform either string into the other one, both ways. The second quantised Kolmogorov complexity of a quantum state is the minimum average length of a quantum programme that can reproduce that state. In this paper, a second quantised information distance is defined based on the second quantised Kolmogorov complexity. It is described as the minimum average length of a transformation quantum programme between two quantum states. This distance's basic properties are discussed. A practical analogue of quantum information distance is also developed based on quantum data compression.
Guttiferone E Displays Antineoplastic Activity Against Melanoma Cells
Authors: Ribeiro Arthur Barcelos , Nicolella Heloiza Diniz , da Silva Lucas Henrique Domingos , Mejía Jennyfer Andrea Aldana , Tanimoto Matheus Hikaru , Ambrósio Sérgio Ricardo , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , Orenha Renato Pereira , Parreira Renato Luis Tame , Tavares Denise Crispim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGuttiferone E (GE) is a benzophenone found in Brazilian red propolis. In the present study, the effect of GE on human (A-375) and murine (B16-F10) melanoma cells was investigated. GE
significantly reduced the cellular viability of melanoma cells in a time-dependent manner. In addition, GE demonstrated antiproliferative effect, with IC50 values equivalent to
9.0 and 6.6 µM for A-375 and B16-F10 cells, respectively. The treatment of A-375 cells with GE significantly increased cell populations in G0/G1 phase and decreased those in G2/M phase.
Conversely, on B16-F10 cells, GE led to a significant decrease in the populations of cells in G0/G1 phase and concomitantly an increase in the population of cells in phase S. A significantly
higher percentage of apoptotic cells was observed in A-375 (43.5%) and B16-F10 (49.9%) cultures after treatment with GE. Treatments with GE caused morphological changes and significant
decrease to the melanoma cellsʼ density. GE (10 µM) inhibited the migration of melanoma cells, with a higher rate of inhibition in B16-F10 cells (73.4%) observed. In addition, GE
significantly reduced the adhesion of A375 cells, but showed no effect on B16-F10. Treatment with GE did not induce changes in P53 levels in A375 cultures. Molecular docking calculations
showed that GE is stable in the active sites of the tubulin dimer with a similar energy to taxol chemotherapy. Taken together, the data suggest that GE has promising antineoplastic potential
against melanoma.
Steroidal Saponins from the Rhizomes of Smilax china and Their Inhibitory Effects on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokines Expression
Authors: Li Yu-Ting , Feng Xiao , Feng Yunjiang , Cheng Yuanyuan , Tian Li-Wen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFour new furostanol saponins (1 – 4) and a new pregane-type saponin (5) along with six known steroidal saponins (6 – 11) were isolated from the rhizomes
of Smilax china. The structures of 1 – 5 were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR and HR-ESI-MS data in addition to enzymatic hydrolysis and other chemical methods.
Compounds 1, 4, and 11 showed inhibitory activity against the expression of proinflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6,
and tumor necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Compound 1, at a concentration of 20 µM, decreased the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase,
interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α by 36, 62, 72, and 67%, respectively, which is comparable to that of the positive control dexamethasone.
Entwicklungen, Herausforderung und Perspektiven des Handheld-Ultraschalls (HHUS)
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Bulla Peter , Dudwiesus Heiko , Lo Hendra , Hocke Michael , Hoffmann Beatrice , Horn Rudolf , Lehmann Beat , Morf Susanne , Nuernberg Dieter , Prosch Helmut , Serra Andreas , Spengler Jörg , Blaskova Andrea , Jenssen Christian 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungEs wird der Einsatz von Handheld-Ultraschallgeräten unter technischen und datenschutzrechtlichen Gesichtspunkten, Geräteeigenschaften, Funktionalität, Dokumentation, Indikationen, Delegation der Leistung, Anwendungen durch Ärzte, Studierende und nichtärztliches Personal beleuchtet und diskutiert.
Artificial Intelligence in Oncological Hybrid Imaging
Authors: Feuerecker Benedikt , Heimer Maurice M. , Geyer Thomas , Fabritius Matthias P , Gu Sijing , Schachtner Balthasar , Beyer Leonie , Ricke Jens , Gatidis Sergios , Ingrisch Michael , Cyran Clemens C 
Published: September 2022

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have become increasingly relevant across a broad spectrum of settings in medical imaging. Due to the large amount of imaging data that is generated in oncological hybrid imaging, AI applications are desirable for lesion detection and characterization in primary staging, therapy monitoring, and recurrence detection. Given the rapid developments in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods, the role of AI will have significant impact on the imaging workflow and will eventually improve clinical decision making and outcomes.Methods and Results The first part of this narrative review discusses current research with an introduction to artificial intelligence in oncological hybrid imaging and key concepts in data science. The second part reviews relevant examples with a focus on applications in oncology as well as discussion of challenges and current limitations.Conclusion AI applications have the potential to leverage the diagnostic data stream with high efficiency and depth to facilitate automated lesion detection, characterization, and therapy monitoring to ultimately improve quality and efficiency throughout the medical imaging workflow. The goal is to generate reproducible, structured, quantitative diagnostic data for evidence-based therapy guidance in oncology. However, significant challenges remain regarding application development, benchmarking, and clinical implementation.Key Points: Citation Format
Ärztliche Führung im Krankenhaus der
Zukunft
Authors: Balling Stephan , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Wir untersuchen, welche Kompetenzen für
ärztliche Führungskräfte im Krankenhaus der Zukunft
relevant sind.
Methodik Einschätzungen von Akteuren und Stakeholdern aus dem
Gesundheitswesen wurden in einem qualitativen Design durch Experteninterviews
erhoben.
Ergebnisse Medizinische Fachlichkeit dominiert bei der Besetzung
ärztlicher Führungspositionen. Analytisches und strategisches
Denken, Organisationstalent und Entscheidungsfreude,
Kommunikationsfähigkeit, Verständnis für
betriebswirtschaftliche Zusammenhänge, Wissen zu Versorgungssystemen und
Ethik sowie Veränderungs- und Digitalkompetenz gewinnen an
Bedeutung.
Schlussfolgerung Gute ärztliche Führungskräfte
sind kommunikativ stark, Visionäre und Leitbildgeber und bringen die
Fähigkeit zur Veränderung mit. Besondere technische
Fähigkeiten wie Programmiersprachen sind hingegen nicht bedeutend.