bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiomics analysis of the mechanisms behind flavonoid differences between purple and green tender shoots of Camellia sinensis var. assamica
Authors: Liu Zhi-Wei , Shi Xing-Yun , Duan Shuang-Mei , Nian Bo , Chen Li-Jiao , Zhang Guang-Hui , Lv Cai-You , Ma Yan , Zhao Ming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Flavonoids are rich in tea plants (Camellia sinensis), and responsible for the flavor and healthful benefits of tea beverage. The anthocyanin levels in the purple tender shoots are higher than in the general green leaves of tea plant, which provide special materials to search metabolic mechanisms of flavonoid enrichment in plant. In this work, flavonoid differences between purple and green shoots from tea cultivars “Zijuan” (ZJ) and “Yunkang10” (YK-10) were investigated through metabolomic analysis, and mechanisms for their difference were surveyed by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Levels of 34 flavonoids were different between ZJ and YK-10 shoots. Among them, 8 and 6 were marker metabolites in ZJ and YK-10, respectively. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and different-level metabolites (DLMs) between ZJ and YK-10 were researched, respectively; and interactions including DEG-DLM, DEP-DLM, DEG-DEP, and DEG-DEP-DLM were analyzed; the contents of 18 characteristic flavonoids in tea leaves and expressions of 34 flavonoid metabolic genes were measured to verify the omics results. Integrated above analyses, a proposed model of flavonoids biosynthesis in tea shoots were established. The differential expression of the leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), UDPG-flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UGT) 75L12 and 94P1 at gene level, and the ANS, ANR, and UGT78A15 at protein level, were closely associated with differences in flavonoids between ZJ and YK-10 shoot. Together, this study provides new information on the flavonoid accumulation mechanism in tea plant.
Relationship of Self-reported and Performance-based Visual Function With Performance-based Measures of Physical Function: The Health ABC Study
Authors: Thompson Atalie C , Miller Michael E , Webb Christopher C , Williamson Jeff D , Kritchevsky Stephen B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
To assess the relationship between self-reported and performance-based visual impairment (VI) and lower extremity physical function.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of 2 219 Health ABC participants who completed vision testing and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Linear regression models used either self-reported (weighted visual function question [VFQ] score) or performance-based (visual acuity [VA], log contrast sensitivity [LCS], Frisby stereoacuity [SA]) to predict SPPB or its components—gait speed, chair stands, or standing balance—with and without covariate adjustment.

Results
Mean age was 73.5 years (range 69–80); 52.4% were female and 37.4% African American. All VI measures were strongly associated with SPPB in unadjusted and adjusted models (p &lt; .001). A self-reported VFQ score 1 standard deviation lower than the mean (mean 87.8 out of 100) demonstrated a −0.241 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.325, −0.156) adjusted difference in SPPB. After controlling for covariates, VA of &lt;20/40 (41%) demonstrated a −0.496 (−0.660, −0.331) lower SPPB score while SA score&gt;85 arcsec (30%) had a −0.449 (−0.627, −0.271) adjusted SPPB score versus those with better visual function. LCS &lt; 1.55 (28.6%) was associated with a −0.759 (−0.938, −0.579) lower and LCS ≤ 1.30 (8%) with a −1.216 (−1.515, −0.918) lower adjusted SPPB score relative to better LCS. In a final multivariable model containing multiple vision measures, LCS remained independently associated with SPPB and all components, while SA remained associated with balance (all p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Both self-reported and performance-based VI are strongly associated with poor lower extremity physical function. These findings may identify a subgroup of older adults with co-existing visual and physical dysfunction who may benefit from targeted screening and intervention to prevent disability.
Life-history traits in the Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigasare robust to ocean acidification under two thermal regimes
Authors: Di Poi Carole , Brodu Nicolas , Gazeau Frédéric , Pernet Fabrice 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOcean acidification and warming (OAW) are pressing contemporary issues affecting marine life and specifically calcifying organisms. Here, we investigated the direct effects of OAW on life-history traits of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the most cultivated bivalve species worldwide. We also tested whether parental conditioning history shaped the phenotypic characters of their progenies (intergenerational carryover effects). Adult oysters and their offspring were exposed to two temperatures (18°C, +3°C) under ambient pH conditions or under an end-of-century acidification scenario (−0.33 pH unit). In adults, we monitored standard biometric and reproductive parameters, stress response by quantifying neuroendocrine metabolites and gamete quality. In larvae, we measured hatching rate, size, biochemical quality, and behavior. We found that reducing pH reduced growth rate and activated the serotonin system, but increasing temperature attenuated these effects. There was no effect of pH on reproduction at either temperature, and no intergenerational carryover effects. Larval characteristics were similar between treatments, regardless of parental conditioning history. Thus, the Pacific oyster seems robust to changes in pH, and increasing temperature is not an aggravating factor. We emphasize that the use of neuroendocrine indicators holds promise for revealing sublethal impacts of environmental changes.
Postbiotic yeast fermentation product supplementation to lactating goats increases the efficiency of milk production by enhancing fiber digestibility and ruminal propionate, and reduces energy losses in methane
Authors: Fernández Carlos , Romero Tamara , Badiola Ignacio , Díaz-Cano Jesús , Sanzol Gregorio , Loor Juan J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although in vitro data with mixed ruminal fluid demonstrated positive effects of posbiotic diet (POS) from lactobacilli on measures of fermentation and microbial profiles, there is a paucity of in vivo data with lactating ruminants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating POS into diets of lactating goats on energy (E) partitioning, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance, and performance. Ten late-lactation Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a crossover design with 26-d periods. Goats in the control diet (CON) were fed daily at the rate of 1 kg alfalfa hay and 1.5 kg concentrate, and the treatment group (POS) was fed CON with the addition of 3.75 g/d of Probisan Ruminants (PENTABIOL S.L., Navarra, Spain). No differences in DMI were detected. However, ruminal fluid propionate and apparent total tract digestibilities of NDF and ADF were greater (18%, 4.7%, and 5.2%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05) in POS compared with the CON diet. Daily partitioning of E to milk and efficiency of ME intake for milk production greater (11% and 3.0%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05) in POS compared with CON. The nonprotein RQ was greater in POS compared with CON due to greater (P &lt; 0.05) oxidation of carbohydrate (213 vs. 115 kJ/kg of BW0.75 per day) compared with fat (362 vs. 486 kJ/kg of BW0.75 per day). Although no differences were found in C balance, goats in POS had lower (P &lt; 0.05) amounts of C in CH4 (1.1 vs. 1.3 g/kg BW0.75 per day) compared with CON. There were no differences in N intake or N in feces or urine, but N in milk was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in POS compared with the CON diet (0.8 vs. 0.7 g/kg BW0.75 per day). Yield of fat-corrected milk (FCM) (3.20 vs. 2.72 kg/d; P &lt; 0.05) and concentration of true protein (3.4 vs. 3.3 kg/d; P &lt; 0.05) and lactose (4.7 vs. 4.5 kg/d; P &lt; 0.05) were greater in POS compared with CON. These responses were accompanied by lower (P &lt; 0.05) urea (12.3 vs. 16.6 mM/L) and ammonia-N (6.6 vs. 8.8 mg/L) without changes in fat concentration (6.1% vs. 6.0%; P &gt; 0.05) in POS compared with the CON diet. Daily amount of CH4 emission did not differ P &gt; 0.05 between diets. However, when expressed relative to unit of edible product, feeding POS reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the amount of CH4 by 46 g/kg of milk fat, 97 g/kg of milk protein, and 3 g/kg of milk compared with CON. Overall, data indicated that feeding a postbiotic in late-lactation increased energy efficiency for milk production partly by reducing CH4 emission.
Habitat model for wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Bukhansan National Park, Seoul
Authors: Lee Ohsun , Schlichting Peter E , Jo Yeong-Seok 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since the first known sighting in 2004, wild boar have frequently appeared in Seoul causing increased human–wildlife conflicts. Although South Korea designated wild boar as a ‘pest’ species, limited ecological information exists concerning habitat preference and use of the largest wild mammal in the country. Based on 213 presence points, we modeled wild boar habitat preference in Bukhansan National Park, Seoul and validated the model. We analyzed boar presence with 25 raster datasets using MaxEnt, software for species distribution model using maximum entropy modeling algorithm. Slope (23.4%) was the greatest contributing factor for the habitat model, followed by Temperature seasonality (20.4%) and forest type (16.9%), while Precipitation of driest quarter (37.6%) was the most important factor (normalized contribution) of the model, followed by Temperature seasonality (18.9%) and slope (15.4%). Field verification of the model confirmed that the density of boar signs and rooting are twice as high in the area with high MaxEnt values (over 0.7). The habitat model of wild boar will assist habitat management and further our understanding of how to mitigate human–wild boar conflict.
Metabolic and secretory recovery of slow frozen–thawed human ovarian tissue in vitro
Authors: Einenkel Rebekka , Schallmoser Andreas , Sänger Nicole 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Within the options available for fertility preservation, cryopreservation of ovarian cortical tissue has become an important technique. Freezing and thawing procedures have been optimized to preserve tissue integrity and viability. However, the improvement of the tissue retransplantation is currently of great interest. Rapid angiogenesis is needed at the retransplantation site to accomplish sufficient blood supply to provide oxygen and nutrients. Many studies address this issue. However, we need to understand the physiology of the thawed tissue to gain further understanding of the complexities of the procedure. As freezing and thawing generally impairs cellular metabolism, we aimed to characterize the changes in metabolic activity and secretion of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) of frozen–thawed ovarian cortical tissue over time. Biopsy punches of ovarian cortical tissue from patients undergoing fertility preservation were maintained in culture without freezing or after a slow-freezing and thawing procedure. VEGF-A secretion was measured after 48 h by ELISA. To examine temporary changes, metabolic activity was assessed for both fresh and frozen–thawed tissue of the same patient. Metabolic activity and VEGF-A secretion were measured at 0, 24 and 48 h in culture. Thawed ovarian cortical tissue secreted significantly less VEGF-A compared to fresh ovarian cortical tissue within 48 h of culture. After thawing, metabolic activity was significantly reduced compared to fresh ovarian cortex but over the course of 48 h, the metabolic activity recovered. Similarly, VEGF-A secretion of thawed tissue increased significantly over 48 h. Here, we have shown that it takes 48 h for ovarian cortical tissue to recover metabolically after thawing, including VEGF-A secretion.
Glioma stem cells activate platelets by plasma-independent thrombin production to promote glioblastoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Sloan Anthony R , Lee-Poturalski Christine , Hoffman Harry C , Harris Peggy L , Elder Theresa E , Richardson Brian , Kerstetter-Fogle Amber , Cioffi Gino , Schroer Julia , Desai Ansh , Cameron Mark , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill , Rich Jeremy , Jankowsky Eckhard , Sen Gupta Anirban , Sloan Andrew E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The interaction between platelets and cancer cells has been underexplored in solid tumor models that do not metastasize, for example, glioblastoma (GBM) where metastasis is rare. Histologically, it is known that glioma stem cells (GSCs) are found in perivascular and pseudsopalisading regions of GBM, which are also areas of platelet localization. High platelet counts have been associated with poor clinical outcomes in many cancers. While platelets are known to promote the progression of other tumors, mechanisms by which platelets influence GBM oncogenesis are unknown. Here, we aimed to understand how the bidirectional interaction between platelets and GSCs drives GBM oncogenesis.

Methods
Male and female NSG mice were transplanted with GSC lines and treated with antiplatelet and anti-thrombin inhibitors. Immunofluorescence, qPCR, and Western blots were used to determine expression of coagulation mechanism in GBM tissue and subsequent GSC lines.

Results
We show that GSCs activate platelets by endogenous production of all the factors of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascades in a plasma-independent manner. Therefore, GSCs produce thrombin resulting in platelet activation. We further demonstrate that the endogenous coagulation cascades of these cancer stem cells are tumorigenic: they activate platelets to promote stemness and proliferation in vitro and pharmacological inhibition delays tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusions
Our findings uncover a specific preferential relationship between platelets and GSCs that drive GBM malignancies and identify a therapeutically targetable novel interaction.
A plastid nucleoside kinase is involved in inosine salvage and control of purine nucleotide biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Xiaoguang , Kim Sang-Hoon , Rhee Sangkee , Witte Claus-Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn nucleotide metabolism, nucleoside kinases recycle nucleosides into nucleotides—a process called nucleoside salvage. Nucleoside kinases for adenosine, uridine, and cytidine have been characterized from many organisms, but kinases for inosine and guanosine salvage are not yet known in eukaryotes and only a few such enzymes have been described from bacteria. Here we identified Arabidopsis thaliana PLASTID NUCLEOSIDE KINASE 1 (PNK1), an enzyme highly conserved in plants and green algae belonging to the Phosphofructokinase B family. We demonstrate that PNK1 from A. thaliana is located in plastids and catalyzes the phosphorylation of inosine, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribose (AICA ribonucleoside), and uridine but not guanosine in vitro, and is involved in inosine salvage in vivo. PNK1 mutation leads to increased flux into purine nucleotide catabolism and, especially in the context of defective uridine degradation, to over-accumulation of uridine and UTP as well as growth depression. The data suggest that PNK1 is involved in feedback regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis and possibly also pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. We additionally report that cold stress leads to accumulation of purine nucleotides, probably by inducing nucleotide biosynthesis, but that this adjustment of nucleotide homeostasis to environmental conditions is not controlled by PNK1.
HEAT-RESPONSIVE PROTEIN regulates heat stress via fine-tuning ethylene/auxin signaling pathways in cotton
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Ahmad Furqan , Zang Yihao , Jin Shangkun , Ahmed Sulaiman , Li Jun , Islam Faisal , Ahmad Mudassar , Zhang Yaoyao , Hu Yan , Guan Xueying , Zhang Tianzhen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Plants sense and respond to fluctuating temperature and light conditions during the circadian cycle; however, the molecular mechanism underlying plant adaptability during daytime warm conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, we reveal that the ectopic regulation of a HEAT RESPONSIVE PROTEIN (GhHRP) controls the adaptation and survival of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants in response to warm conditions via modulating phytohormone signaling. Increased ambient temperature promptly enhanced the binding of the phytochrome interacting factor 4 (GhPIF4)/ethylene-insensitive 3 (GhEIN3) complex to the GhHRP promoter to increase its mRNA level. The ectopic expression of GhHRP promoted the temperature-dependent accumulation of GhPIF4 transcripts and hypocotyl elongation by triggering thermoresponsive growth-related genes. Notably, the upregulation of the GhHRP/GhPIF4 complex improved plant growth via modulating the abundance of Arabidopsis thaliana auxin biosynthetic gene YUCCA8 (AtYUC8)/1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (AtACS8) for fine-tuning the auxin/ethylene interplay, ultimately resulting in decreased ethylene biosynthesis. GhHRP thus protects chloroplasts from photo-oxidative bursts via repressing AtACS8 and AtACS7 and upregulating AtYUC8 and the heat shock transcription factors (HSFA2), heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP20). Strikingly, the Δhrp disruption mutant exhibited compromised production of HSP/YUC8 that resulted in an opposite phenotype with the loss of the ability to respond to warm conditions. Our results show that GhHRP is a heat-responsive signaling component that assists plants in confronting the dark phase and modulates auxin signaling to rescue growth under temperature fluctuations.
Contemporary drug use and driving patterns: A qualitative approach to understanding drug-driving perceptions from the context of user patterns
Authors: Love Steven , Rowland Bevan , Stefanidis Kayla B , Davey Jeremy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to identify the typologies of drug users and examine how they differed in drug-driving tendencies. A sample of drug users (N = 52) from Queensland, Australia, completed a telephone interview. Thematic analyses identified three unique user types: (a) sporadic recreational users, who used a variety of drugs and drug drove depending on situational variables; (b) frequent recreational users, who favoured cannabis and methamphetamine, and did not typically regulate their driving; and (c) frequent medicinal users, who used cannabis for a medical condition and were more responsible in regulating both their use and driving. While frequent recreational users may drug drive more often, sporadic users (who are proportionally larger in size) may be more at risk due to a low tolerance and an increased likelihood of poly-substance use. The findings of this study may inform the development of tailored police interventions but also inform current policy discussions.
Functionalized TiCu/TiCuN coating promotes osteoporotic fracture healing by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Tan Jia , Ren Ling , Xie Kai , Wang Lei , Jiang Wenbo , Guo Yu , Hao Yongqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Osteoporosis results in decreased bone mass and insufficient osteogenic function. Existing titanium alloy implants have insufficient osteoinductivity and delayed/incomplete fracture union can occur when used to treat osteoporotic fractures. Copper ions have good osteogenic activity, but their dose-dependent cytotoxicity limits their clinical use for bone implants. In this study, titanium alloy implants functionalized with a TiCu/TiCuN coating by arc ion plating achieved a controlled release of copper ions in vitro for 28 days. The coated alloy was co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and showed excellent biocompatibility and osteoinductivity in vitro. A further exploration of the underlying mechanism by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting revealed that the enhancement effects are related to the upregulation of genes and proteins (such as axin2, β-catenin, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, LEF1 and TCF1/TCF7) involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the TiCu/TiCuN coating significantly promoted osteoporotic fracture healing in a rat femur fracture model, and has good in vivo biocompatibility based on various staining results. Our study confirmed that TiCu/TiCuN-coated Ti promotes osteoporotic fracture healing associated with the Wnt pathway. Because the coating effectively accelerates the healing of osteoporotic fractures and improves bone quality, it has significant clinical application prospects.
Research impact as understood by two funders of agricultural research in South Africa
Authors: Esterhuyse Harrie , Boshoff Nelius 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Impact literacy is the understanding of research impact in terms of a junction of three elements: ‘what’, ‘how’ and ‘who’. ‘What’ refers to impact endpoints, that is, the medium- to long-term impacts or even short-term effects that occur during or immediately after research. ‘How’ refers to the understanding of how impact is created, in other words the interactions required. ‘Who’ focuses on which stakeholders need to be integrated into a network of interactions to contribute to impact. This study focused on the ‘what’ of impact, specifically on the understanding of research impact by two funders of agricultural research in South Africa. Members of specialist committees at the two funding organizations were asked, through a survey, to rate several structured items mapped on a research impact classification scheme. They could also provide their own ideas on what impact is. Committee members from both organizations viewed research impact primarily as an effect on the individuals and groups in the industry that they represent. They generally did not consider research impact as an effect on researchers, nor did they place specific emphasis on the societal effects of research. The ‘what’ of research impact was found to imply a series of effects, where the different effects build on each other. Linking these effects to the ‘how’ and ‘who’ of impact will require the construction of impact pathways. Funders should take responsibility for pushing research results to a distal level by planning ‘who’ will do the push, ‘how’ it will be done and managed, and to ‘what’ final aim.