bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential prognostic effect of systemic inflammation in patients with non–small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy or chemotherapy: A post hoc analysis of the phase 3OAKtrial
Authors: Cortellini Alessio , Ricciuti Biagio , Borghaei Hossein , Naqash Abdul Rafeh , D'Alessio Antonio , Fulgenzi Claudia A. M. , Addeo Alfredo , Banna Giuseppe L. , Pinato David James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundA proinflammatory diathesis, as measured by the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), heralds an adverse disease course for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThis post hoc analysis used data from the phase 3 OAK trial (NCT02008227), which randomized previously treated patients with NSCLC to atezolizumab or docetaxel. The main objective was assessing the differential impact of the pretreatment NLR on overall survival according to the treatment modality. In addition, patients' genomic characteristics were assessed according to their inflammatory status with a circulating free DNA (cfDNA) next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis.ResultsIn all, 600 and 575 patients with NLR data were included in the atezolizumab and docetaxel cohorts, respectively, with a median NLR of 4 (interquartile range, 2.6–6.7) for the pooled population. An NLR ≥4 was associated with a positive smoking status (88.6% vs. 78.1%;p < .01), male sex (66.4% vs. 57.6%;p = .01), a worse performance status (71.3% vs. 55.2%;p < .01), a higher number of metastatic sites (63.2% vs. 51.6%;p = .01), squamous histology (32.1% vs. 21.4%;p < .01), and tissueKRASmutations (30% vs. 18.7%;p = .02) but not with programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression or the tissue epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) status. A pretreatment NLR ≥4 was more strongly associated with mortality after atezolizumab (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–2.01) versus docetaxel (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.60; multivariable [MVA] interactionp = .08). The HR for an increased risk of death for PD‐L1–negative/NLR ≥4 patients (compared with PD‐L1–positive/NLR <4 patients) was significantly higher in the atezolizumab cohort (MVA interactionp = .01). The exclusion ofEGFR/ALK‐positive patients further increased the prognostic ability of the baseline NLR in favor of atezolizumab (MVA interactionp = .02). Pretreatment cfDNA data from NGS showed that patients with a high blood tumor mutation burden (cutoff, 16 mut/Mb) had a higher median NLR (4.6 vs. 3.7;p = .01). After adjustments for multiple comparisons, none of the selected variants of interest (EGFR, KRAS, TP53, KEAP1, STK11, SMARCA4, ARID1A, and targeted DNA damage response and repair genes) were significantly associated with the NLR.ConclusionsA low baseline NLR identified patients with NSCLC who derived a greater survival benefit from atezolizumab in comparison with those identified in the docetaxel cohort. The NLR could complement PD‐L1 expression in tailoring treatment in this setting.
Chemical Interpretation of Charged Point Defects in Semiconductors: A Case Study of Mg2Si
Authors: Toriyama Michael Y. , Brod Madison K. , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electronic structures of charged point defects influence electrical and optical properties of semiconductors. Understanding the orbital interactions responsible for the electronic structures of defects therefore promotes a chemical intuition for defect‐driven mechanisms in semiconductors. In this tutorial, we discuss a molecular orbital theory‐based framework for understanding defect‐induced electronic states based on local chemical interactions between the defect and the atoms surrounding the defect site. By using Mg2Si as a case study, we show how both the chemical interactions and molecular orbitals (i. e., wave functions) responsible for the charge state(s) of a defect can be understood from the bonding symmetry of the defect site. We anticipate that a chemistry‐based perspective of charged defects will enrich defect engineering efforts for electronic and optical materials.
Effect of pretreatment with matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on the durability of bond strength of fiber posts to radicular dentin
Authors: Ghazvehi Kiamehr , Saffarpour Aida , Habibzadeh Sareh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesApplication of matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors has been suggested to improve the durability of resin–dentin bonding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), carbodiimide (EDC), and chlorhexidine (CHX) treatment on the push‐out bond strength of fiber posts to radicular dentin.Materials and Methods24 extracted premolars were assigned randomly to 4 groups after root canal treatment and post space preparation (n = 6). In the first, second, and third groups, radicular dentin was treated with 1 ml of 5% DMSO, 0.3 M EDC, and 2% CHX, respectively. The fourth group (control) received no treatment. The root canals were primed with ED primer II, and the fiber posts were cemented with Panavia F2.0. In each group, half of the specimens were subjected to the push‐out test and the other half to 3000 thermal cycles before testing. Data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance via SPSS version 20 (p < .05).ResultsAmong the nonthermocycled specimens, the values of push‐out bond strength were observed in the control, EDC, CHX, and DMSO groups, in decreasing order. Among the thermocycled specimens, the values were observed in the control, EDC, DMSO, and CHX groups in decreasing order. Thermocycling had a significant adverse effect on the push‐out bond strength (p = .015), but the effect of material (p = .375), and the interaction effect of material and thermocycling (p = .998) were not significant.ConclusionsApplication of CHX, DMSO, and EDC had no significant effect on the bond strength of fiber posts to radicular dentin.
Rational Design of Artificial Biofilms as Sustainable Supports for Whole‐Cell Catalysis Through Integrating Extra‐ and Intracellular Catalysis
Authors: Dong Hao , Zhang Wenxue , Zhou Shengmin , Ying Hanjie , Wang Ping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiofilms are promising candidates for sustainable bioprocessing applications. This work presents a rational design of biofilm catalysts by integrating extra‐ and intracellular catalysis systems with optimized substrate channeling to realize efficient multistep biosynthesis. An assembly of four enzymes in a “three‐in‐one” structure was achieved by rationally placing the enzymes on curli nanofibers, the cell surface, and inside cells. The catalytic efficiency of the biofilm catalysts was over 2.8 folds higher than that of the control whole‐cell catalysis when the substrate benzaldehyde was fed at 100 mm. The highest yield of d‐phenyllactic acid catalyzed by biofilm catalysts under optimized conditions was 102.19 mm, also much higher than that of the control catalysis test (52.29 mm). The results demonstrate that engineered biofilms are greatly promising in integrating extra‐ and intracellular catalysis, illustrating great potentials of rational design in constructing biofilm catalysts as sustainable supports for whole‐cell catalysis.
Novel integrated structure consisting of CO2 capture cycle, heat pump unit, Kalina power, and ejector refrigeration systems for liquid CO2 storage using renewable energies
Authors: Ebrahimi Armin , Ghorbani Bahram , Taghavi Masoud 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNowadays, the development of various technologies for improving the quality of life in human societies and, consequently, increased global warming have prioritized environmental factors to reduce major industrial pollutants including carbon dioxide (CO2). Designing efficient integrated processes improves the performance of the whole system. In this study, a novel integrated structure is designed to capture CO2 from power plants' flue gases and liquefy it. For this purpose, a monoethanolamine‐based CO2 capture cycle, an ejector refrigeration system, a Kalina power unit, and a organic Rankine power plant are utilized. High‐ and low‐temperature heat of the system is provided by the heat pump cycle and geothermal energy, respectively. Then, 2.641 kg/s of liquid CO2 is generated as the final product of the system. In the proposed system, 20,562 kW heat duty and 657.3 kW power are supplied geothermal energy and the photovoltaic (PV) system, respectively. The coefficient of performance of the heat pump cycle and thermal efficiency of the organic Rankine unit is calculated at 3.661% and 12.64%, respectively. Results of the exergy investigation indicate that the highest exergy destruction belonged to PV cells, which independently accounted for 39.81% of the total reversibility. The exergy efficiency and total reversibility of the structure are computed at 24.2% and 6555 kW. Sensitivity analysis was performed on several of the most important parameters of the combined structure. The outcomes indicate that the ratio of liquid CO2 rate to total power consumption and net power consumption increase up to 4.096 kg/s LCO2/MW and 1669 kW, respectively, when the CO2 concentration in the flue gas increases from 1 to 9 mol%.
Short planks in the crop nutrient barrel theory of China are changing: Evidence from 15 crops in 13 provinces
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Wang Zheng , Muneer Muhammad Atif , Ma Changcheng , He Dongdong , White Philip J. , Li Chunjian , Zhang Fusuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLarge quantities of fertilizers, mainly nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), are used in China's crop production; however, whether N, P, and K still limit yield under the current high input remains unknown. In addition, it is not clear whether magnesium (Mg) potentially limits crop production. To address these issues, a national survey of the soil nutrient status and farmers' fertilization practices was conducted in China to determine the soil N, P, K, and Mg status and current fertilization practices. In addition, various experiments, including optimized NPK (OPTNPK) and Mg fertilizer combined with OPTNPK (OPTNPK + Mg) in comparison with farmers' practices (FFP), were performed across China to identify the potential for reducing NPK application and the need for Mg application in crop production. The survey data from 2699 questionnaires indicated that (1) all soil samples were not deficient in NPK, but 73.0% were limited by Mg. (2) The average N, P (in P2O5), K (in K2O), and Mg (in MgO) balances were 422.6, 334.1, 326.3, and −22.6 kg ha−1, respectively. Only 15.7% of all farmers applied Mg fertilizer. (3) NPK fertilization can be reduced by an average of 28.8% without reducing the crop yield and quality. (4) For most crops, the application of Mg fertilizer increased the crop yield by 5.5–40.6% and improved the quality. However, different crops under different conditions had different responses to Mg fertilization. These results indicate that reduced NPK inputs and increased Mg inputs are equally important for the healthy development and sustainability of China's agriculture.
Spatial transcriptomics identifies enriched gene expression and cell types in human liver fibrosis
Authors: Chung Brian K. , Øgaard Jonas , Reims Henrik Mikael , Karlsen Tom H. , Melum Espen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis have limited therapeutic options and represent a serious unmet patient need. Recent use of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has identified enriched cell types infiltrating cirrhotic livers but without defining the microanatomical location of these lineages thoroughly. To assess whether fibrotic liver regions specifically harbor enriched cell types, we explored whether whole‐tissue spatial transcriptomics combined with scRNAseq and gene deconvolution analysis could be used to localize cell types in cirrhotic explants of patients with end‐stage liver disease (total n = 8; primary sclerosing cholangitis, n = 4; primary biliary cholangitis, n = 2, alcohol‐related liver disease, n = 2). Spatial transcriptomics clearly identified tissue areas of distinct gene expression that strongly correlated with the total area (Spearman r = 0.97, p = 0.0004) and precise location (parenchyma, 87.9% mean congruency; range, 73.1%–97.1%; fibrosis, 68.5% mean congruency; range, 41.0%–91.7%) of liver regions classified as parenchymal or fibrotic by conventional histology. Deconvolution and enumeration of parenchymal and fibrotic gene content as measured by spatial transcriptomics into distinct cell states revealed significantly higher frequencies of ACTA2+ FABP4+ and COL3A1+ mesenchymal cells, IL17RA+ S100A8+ and FCER1G+ tissue monocytes, VCAM1+ SDC3+ Kupffer cells, CCL4+ CCL5+ KLRB1+ and GZMA+ IL17RA+ T cells and HLA‐DR+, CD37+ CXCR4+ and IGHM+ IGHG+ B cells in fibrotic liver regions compared with parenchymal areas of cirrhotic explants. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that spatial transcriptomes of parenchymal and fibrotic liver regions express unique gene content within cirrhotic liver and demonstrate proof of concept that spatial transcriptomes combined with additional RNA sequencing methodologies can refine the localization of gene content and cell lineages in the search for antifibrotic targets.
‘But what is the mechanism?’: Demystifying the ever elusive ‘developmental mechanism’
Authors: Benton Deon T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFew issues are more important to developmental scientists than understanding and elucidating mechanisms of developmental change. There are good reasons for this. For example, understanding how developmental change is produced allows developmental researchers to go beyond studying at what age an ability emerges to understanding the underlying processes by which those abilities develop in the first place. Yet, despite their importance, the term mechanism is not well understood. This lack of understanding is problematic because researchers and theorists can disagree and debate about what does and does not ‘count’ as mechanism research, which can slow scientific progress. Given this issue, this paper has three broad aims. The first aim was to provide a clear definition for one kind of developmental mechanism, namely, developmental mechanisms of cognitive change. The second aim is to provide a concrete example of a developmental mechanism and discuss how it works in detail, from start to finish. The third aim is to challenge the field to be more explicit about how their proposed developmental mechanisms work to ensure scientific progress.
Immunologic features of asymptomatic postvaccination infections with the Delta variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 in adults
Authors: Duan Rui , Mao Qiang , Ding Xu , Qiu Qiwu , Wang Pei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAsymptomatic infections may play an important role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta variant transmissions. However, the immunologic features of asymptomatic postvaccination infections with the Delta variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 in adults remain to be defined.MethodsA retrospective study involving 36 vaccinated adults infected with the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant was performed. Their demographic and laboratory data were collected and analyzed in The First People's Hospital of Jingmen from August 4 to 20, 2021.ResultsOf the 36 adults, 6 persons had an asymptomatic infection. The severity of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infections was highly correlated with the doses of vaccinations (p = 0.019). The symptomatic and asymptomatic infected SARS‐CoV‐2 adults showed normal levels of leukocytes and lymphocytes. The C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were elevated in the symptomatic groups. The period between the last vaccination to the time of infection in the asymptomatic group was longer than that in the mild and moderate groups (73 vs. 61 vs. 50 days; p = 0.047). The percentage of suppressor T‐cells in the asymptomatic group was the highest (32.2 ± 4.0% vs. 22.0 ± 7.2% vs. 29.3 ± 8.0%; p = 0.004). The signal‐to‐cutoff ratio value of total antibody against SARS‐CoV‐2 in the asymptomatic group was lower than that in the other two groups (383 vs. 703 vs. 1792; p < 0.001) and much lower than that in the moderate group. The multivariate ordinal logistic analysis after adjusting for gender, vaccination date, and vaccination dose indicated that CRP at Days 4−7 and 8−14, IL‐6 on Days 4−7, and total antibody were risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 severity.ConclusionsAsymptomatic postvaccination infections with the Delta variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 in adults tend to infect persons vaccinated twice. The immunophenotype profile for asymptomatic postvaccination infections is less inflammatory and accompanied by relatively lower antibody titers.
A retrospective cohort study of pregnancy outcomes during the pandemic period of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variant: A single center's experience
Authors: Floyd Ruairí , Hunter Samuel , Murphy Niamh , Lindow Stephen W. , O'Connell Michael P. 
Published: June 2022

SynopsisOur retrospective review revealed that antenatal infection with the Omicron variant is associated with minimal symptoms in vaccinated patients, minimal medical intervention, and good obstetric outcomes.
Molecular cancer classification on microarrays gene expression data using wavelet‐based deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Pandit Dhiren , Dhodiya Jayesh , Patel Yogeshwari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicroarray data analysis is a most promising and difficult process due to the complex nature of data. It includes higher dimensionality, several unbalanced classes, a smaller sample size, the presence of noise, and a higher variation of feature values. This has resulted in a decrease in classification accuracy as well as an overfitting problem. This work proposed an efficient and hybrid deep learning technique for molecular cancer classification using expression data to solve these limitations. The different steps in the proposed work are preprocessing, clustering, extraction, selection, and classification. The input data is preprocessed using a scalable range adaptive bilateral filter. Then clustering is done with the help of an improved binomial clustering approach. After that, the data is extracted with the help of the multifractal Brownian motion method. Then the important features are selected with the help of an improved cuckoo search optimization algorithm. Finally, the data classification is performed using a wavelet‐based deep convolutional neural network. This work is validated with the help of five publically available datasets using the PYTHON platform. The different performance measures considered here are accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐measure. The classification accuracy obtained is 98.36%, 98.12%, 98.55%, 97.70%, and 95.30% for ovarian, breast, colon, leukemia, and prostate cancer datasets. The overall result showed that the suggested technique is better than the existing methods.
Fluorescent carbon dots and noble metal nanoclusters for sensing applications: Minireview
Authors: Lin Yu‐Feng , Yang Cheng‐Ruei , Huang Yu‐Fen , Chang Huan‐Tsung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanomaterial‐based fluorescence sensing systems with the advantages of sensitivity and selectivity have been popular for quantitation of various analytes, including biomolecules, metal ions, and organic molecules. Fluorescent carbon dots (C dots) and noble metal nanoclusters (MNCs) separately composed of few carbon and metal atoms have attracted considerable research interest in the past decade, mainly because of their biocompatibility, as well as ease in preparation and conjugation. This review briefly discusses simple and popular strategies for the preparation of C dots and MNCs. Their sensing applications in monitoring pH values, quantitation of metal ions, and small molecules are emphasized. Their future use in conjunction with portable microsystems such as array and microfluidic device to develop high‐throughput and sensitive sensing systems for on‐site analysis is also discussed.
A complete description of convex sets associated with matchings and edge‐connectivity in graphs
Authors: Henning Michael A. , Yeo Anders 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet be the set of pairs of real numbers with the property there exists a constant , depending only on and , such that for every connected graph of order , size , with maximum degree at most and edge‐connectivity at least . In a recent paper, the authors give a complete description of the set . In this article we raise the problem to a higher level, and give a complete description of the convex set for all , and determine its extreme points.
Mechanisms regulating transitory suppressive activity of neutrophils in newborns: PMNs-MDSCs in newborns
Authors: Perego Michela , Fu Shuyu , Cao Yingjiao , Kossenkov Andrew , Yao Meng , Bonner Erin , Alicea-Torres Kevin , Liu Wangkai , Jiang Zhilong , Chen Zhihong , Fuchs Serge Y , Zhou Jie , Gabrilovich Dmitry I 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransitory appearance of immune suppressive polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) defined as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMNs-MDSCs) in newborns is important for their protection from inflammation associated with newly established gut microbiota. Here, we report that inhibition of the type I IFN (IFN1) pathway played a major role in regulation of PMNs-MDSCs-suppressive activity during first weeks of life. Expression of the IFN1 receptor IFNAR1 was markedly lower in PMNs-MDSCs. However, in newborn mice, down-regulation of IFNAR1 was not sufficient to render PMNs immune suppressive. That also required the presence of a positive signal from lactoferrin via its receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2. The latter effect was mediated via NF-κB activation, which was tempered by IFN1 in a manner that involved suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. Thus, we discovered a mechanism of tight regulation of immune suppressive PMNs-MDSCs in newborns, which may be used in the development of therapies of neonatal pathologies.
Prognostic nutritional index: Is it associated with the prognosis of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Ünver Ulusoy Tülay , Hekimoğlu Can H. , Kayhan Sanem , Altın Nilgün , Şencan İrfan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is calculated using total serum lymphocyte counts and albumin levels. We aimed to analyze the role of PNI in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) referral and mortality in patients with Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF).Materials and MethodsOur target population was adult (age >18) patients who presented between March 2015 and October 2021 within 5 days of symptom emergence and were diagnosed with CCHF. The predictive value of PNI was analyzed by the receiver operating curve analysis. The patients were categorized based on the severity grading scores (SGS) as mild, moderate, and severe. The relationship between PNI and ICU referral and mortality was analyzed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsOverall, 115 patients with the diagnosis of CCHF were included. 13.9% (n = 16) of the patients were referred to ICU while 11.3% (n = 13) died. A comparison of the patients with different SGS grades revealed that they were significantly different regarding PNI (p < 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between PNI and SGS (r = −0.662;p < 0.001). PNI had a PV regarding ICU referral and mortality ([area under the curve [AUC] = 0.723, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.609–0.836,p = 0.004 [AUC = 0.738, 95% CI: 0.613–0.863,p = 0.005]). The PNI threshold was 36.1 for ICU referral and mortality. The rates of female patients, hospitalization periods longer than 1 week, platelet apheresis replacement, diabetes mellitus, bleeding history, ICU admission, and mortality were significantly higher in patients with a PNI of lower than 36.1 (p < 0.05).ConclusionPNI can predict ICU referral and mortality in patients admitted due to CCHF.