bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global patterns of drug allergy-induced fatalities: a wake-up call to prevent avoidable deaths
Authors: Tanno Luciana K. , Gauthier Amélie , Allichon Salome , Demoly Pascal 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To identify patterns and key issues though a systematic review in order to support prevention strategies and reduce avoidable deaths related to drug-induced anaphylaxis (DAF).

Recent findings
DAF rate has been estimated by 0.13–0.53/106 population/year. General global trends of DAF are increasing over time, mostly occurring at healthcare settings (62%) with a similar gender distribution and an average age of 53 years. Antibiotics, anaesthetics, radio-contrast media and NSAIDs were the most frequently implicated agents. Main comorbidities were personal history of drug allergy, cardiovascular diseases and asthma. Main manifestations were cardiovascular and respiratory commitments. Use of adrenaline is mentioned in only 29% of the articles.

Summary
DAF is increasing worldwide and most cases are iatrogenic. This first systematic review of DAF identified key gaps and served as a wake-up call to prevent avoidable deaths. Phenotype at risk for DAF was represented by patients aged more than 54 years, with personal history of drug allergy/hypersensitivity with no or incomplete allergological work-up, cardiovascular disease and/or asthma with need of hospitalization and/or frequent healthcare assistance. Additional risk for those who need frequent use of intravenous antibiotics and/or undergoing surgery or image investigation with radiocontrast media.
Maternal and Neonatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Immunoglobulin G Levels After the Pfizer-BioNTech Booster Dose for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination During the Second Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Kugelman Nir , Nahshon Chen , Shaked-Mishan Pninit , Kleifeld Shiran , Cohen Nadav , Sher Maayan Lahav , Zahran Hazar , Barsha Hanin , Assaf Wisam , Shalabna Eiman , Stein Nili , Lavie Ofer , Kedar Reuven , Riskin-Mashiah Shlomit 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate maternal and neonatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels at birth after a third (booster) dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech messenger RNA (Pfizer) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine during the second trimester of pregnancy, and compare them with those in women who received two vaccine doses during the second trimester.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective cohort study of women admitted to the delivery ward at a single center who received the third Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine dose (booster group) at 17–30 weeks of pregnancy and who did not have previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Maternal and neonatal antibody levels were measured on admission for delivery and in the umbilical cord blood after birth. Antibody levels for the booster group were compared with those in a historical control group of pregnant women who received their second vaccine dose (two-dose group) within the same gestational age window.

RESULTS:
Between October 2021 and February 2022, antibody levels were measured in 121 women and 109 neonates at a mean±SD of 15.3±3.9 weeks after booster vaccination. Neonatal titers measured two times higher than maternal titers, with inverse correlation between maternal and neonatal titers at birth and time interval from third vaccination. The two-dose group included 121 women and 107 neonates, with antibody levels measured at a mean±SD of 14.6±2.6 weeks after the second dose. Median [interquartile range] maternal antibody titers were higher in the booster group (4,485 [2,569–9,702] AU/mL) compared with the two-dose group (1,122 [735–1,872] AU/mL) (P<.001). Furthermore, neonatal antibody titers were higher in the booster group (8,773 [5,143–18,830] AU/mL) compared with the two-dose group (3,280 [2,087–5,754] AU/mL) (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
Maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers after second-trimester maternal Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination were significantly higher after the booster dose compared with the two-dose vaccination series. Although there is uncertainty as to whether antibody levels correlate with protection, these data support the importance of booster vaccination during pregnancy to restore maternal and neonatal protection against COVID-19.
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Component Behavior as a Function of Primary Frequency Ratio and Primary Level
Authors: Durante Alessandra Spada , Shaheen Akhtar Uzma , Dhar Sumitrajit 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are composed of distortion and reflection components. Much is known about the influence of the stimulus frequency ratio (f2/f1) on the overall/composite DPOAE level. However, the influence of f2/f1 on individual DPOAE components is not as well examined. The goals of this pilot study were to systematically evaluate the effects of f2/f1 on DPOAE components in clinically normal-hearing young adult ears. To extend the limited reports in the literature, this examination was carried out over an extended frequency range using two stimulus-level combinations.

Design:
DPOAEs were recorded from seven normal-hearing, young adult ears for f2 frequencies between 0.75 and 16 kHz over a range of f2/f1 using two stimulus-level combinations. The distortion (DPOAED) and reflection (DPOAER) components were separated using an inverse fast Fourier transform algorithm. Optimal ratios for the composite DPOAE and DPOAE components were determined from smoothed versions of level versus ratio functions in each case.

Results:
The optimal ratio for the composite DPOAE level increased with stimulus level and decreased as a function of frequency above 1 kHz. The optimal ratios for the DPOAE components followed a similar trend, decreasing with increasing frequency. The optimal ratio for DPOAED was generally higher than that for DPOAER. The overall level for DPOAED was greater than that of DPOAER, both decreasing with increasing frequency. DPOAER, but not DPOAED, became unrecordable above the noise floor at the higher frequencies.

Conclusions:
DPOAE components behave similarly but not identically as a function of f2/f1. The ear canal DPOAE is generally dominated by DPOAED. The behavior of DPOAED as a function of f2/f1 is entirely consistent with known properties of cochlear mechanics. The behavior of DPOAER is more variable across ears, perhaps reflective of the increased number of parameters that influence its final form. Attempting to use an f2/f1 that would allow a greater bias of the ear canal DPOAE toward one component or the other does not appear to be practical.
Assessing Postoperative Pseudarthrosis in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) on Dynamic Radiographs Using Novel Angular Measurements
Authors: Balouch Eaman , Burapachaisri Aonnicha , Woo Dainn , Norris Zoe , Segar Anand , Ayres Ethan W. , Vasquez-Montes Dennis , Buckland Aaron J. , Razi Afshin , Smith Michael L. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Kim Yong H. 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
A retrospective review of operative patients at a single institution.

Objective.
The aim was to validate a novel method of detecting pseudarthrosis on dynamic radiographs.

Summary of Background Data.
A common complication after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is pseudarthrosis. A previously published method for detecting pseudarthrosis identifies a 1 mm difference in interspinous motion (ISM), which requires calibration of images and relies on anatomic landmarks difficult to visualize. An alternative is to use angles between spinous processes, which does not require calibration and relies on more visible landmarks.

Materials and Methods.
ISM was measured on dynamic radiographs using the previously published linear method and new angular method. Angles were defined by lines from screw heads to dorsal points of spinous processes. Angular cutoff for fusion was calculated using a regression equation correlating linear and angular measures, based on the 1 mm linear cutoff. Pseudarthrosis was assessed with both cutoffs. Sensitivity, specificity, inter-reliability and intrareliability of angular and linear measures used postoperative computed tomography (CT) as the reference.

Results.
A total of 242 fused levels (81 allograft, 84 polyetheretherketone, 40 titanium, 37 standalone cages) were measured in 143 patients (mean age 52.0±11.5, 42%F). 36 patients (66 levels) had 1-year postoperative CTs; 13 patients (13 levels) had confirmed pseudarthrosis. Linear and angular measurements closely correlated (R=0.872), with 2.3° corresponding to 1 mm linear ISM. Potential pseudarthroses was found in 28.0% and 18.5% levels using linear and angular cutoffs, respectively. Linear cutoff had 85% sensitivity, 87% specificity; angular cutoff had 85% sensitivity, 96% specificity for detecting CT-validated pseudarthrosis. Interclass correlation coefficients were 0.974 and 0.986 (both P<0.001); intrarater reliability averaged 0.953 and 0.974 (P<0.001 for all) for linear and angular methods, respectively.

Conclusions.
The angular measure for assessing potential pseudarthrosis is as sensitive as and more specific than published linear methods, has high interobserver reliability, and can be used without image calibration.

Level of Evidence.
3.
Incidence and Predictors of Eosinophilic Myocardial Hypersensitivity in Patients Receiving Home Dobutamine
Authors: Dagan Misha , Lankaputhra Malanka , Yeung Timothy , Tee Su Ling , Bader Illona , Easton Kellie , Linton Ashlee , McLean Catriona , Taylor Andrew , Bergin Peter , Kaye David M. , Leet Angeline , Hare James L. , Patel Hitesh C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
We sought to examine incidence and predictors of eosinophilic myocardial hypersensitivity (EMH) in a cohort of patients in the home inotrope program of a quaternary cardiac transplant center. Patients on home inotropes with progression to heart transplantation or ventricular assist device (VAD) between January 2000 and May 2020 were included. EMH was diagnosed by the presence of an interstitial predominate eosinophilic infiltrate within the myocardium by experienced cardiac pathologists. From a cohort of 74 patients, 58% (43) were on dobutamine and 42% (31) were on milrinone. Dobutamine was associated with EMH incidence of 14% (6/43), with zero cases in the milrinone cohort. Mean age was 52 ± 12 years, 22% were female. More than half (62%) were nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathies, the remainder were ischemic cardiomyopathy. Dobutamine dose [250 (200–282) vs. 225 (200–291) μg/min] and duration of therapy [41 (23–79) vs. 53 (24–91) days] was similar between those with and without EMH. Median change in eosinophil count was 0.31 × 109/L in the EMH group compared with only 0.03 × 109/L in the non-EMH cohort, P = 0.02. Increase in peripheral eosinophil count of >0.20 × 109/L demonstrated good discrimination between those with and without EMH, c-statistic 0.83 (95% CI 0.66–1.0). Heart failure hospitalization occurred in 83% of the EMH group versus 59% in the non-EMH group, P = 0.26. Requirement for VAD was significantly higher in the EMH group (83% vs. 41%, P = 0.05). In conclusion, EMH occurred in 14% of patients receiving home dobutamine. Rising eosinophil count should prompt physicians to consider EMH and switch to milrinone to avoid possible escalation to VAD.
Influence of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 polymorphisms on the virologic and immunologic responses of patients treated with efavirenz-containing regimen
Authors: Kassogue Yaya , Diakite Brehima , Maiga Mamoudou , Kassogue Oumar , Konate Issa , Tamboura Kadidiatou , Diarra Fousseyni , Diarra Zoumana , Sawadogo Mahamadou Karamoko , Goita Yaya , Sissoko Sidi Boula , Sissoko Adama Seydou , Guirou Nouhoum , Dehbi Hind , Nadifi Sellama , Bah Sekou , Traore Cheick Bougadari , Kamate Bakarou , Dao Sounkalo , Dolo Guimogo 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 polymorphisms on the virological and immunologic responses of HIV patients. A total of 153 HIV-positive patients were enlisted for the study.

Patients and methods
Viral load and median CD4 T cell counts were evaluated at baseline and month 6 (M6). Samples were identified using TaqMan genotyping assays.

Results
The AG in CYP2B6 rs2279343 was associated with VLS compared to homozygous AA. In the dominant model, the AG/GG genotypes were associated with VLS compared to the AA genotype. Moreover, in overdominant model, the AG genotype was associated with VLS compared to AA/GG. Regarding immunological response, only the AG in SNP rs2279343 CYP2B6 was associated with an increase in CD4 cell count between baseline and M6. In CYP2B6 rs3745274, the CD4 cell count at M6 was higher than that of baseline for GG carriers and for GT carriers. In CYP3A4 rs2740574, the TC carriers showed a higher median CD4 count at M6 compared to that of the baseline count, as well as for CC carriers. The best genotypes combination associated with CD4 cell count improvement were AA/AG in SNP rs2279343 and GG/GT in SNP rs3745274.

Conclusion
Our findings support the fact that CYP2B6 rs2279343 could help in the prediction of VLS and both SNPs rs3745274 and rs2279343 in CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 rs2740574 were associated with immune recovery in Malian HIV-positive patients.
Monitoring compliance to topical therapy in children and young people with uveitis
Authors: Green EKY , McGrath O , Steeples L , Ashworth J 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUveitis in children and young people is a rare but potentially debilitating condition. Steroid eye drops are the first step in treatment and poor compliance may result in vision-threatening complications. This study aimed to measure compliance with prescribed eye drops prospectively and investigate reasons for non-compliance in a child-specific manner.Methods50 patients aged 0-18 years attending a tertiary paediatric uveitis clinic using steroid drops were recruited. Both the child or young person, and parent completed questionnaires about compliance. A subgroup had bottles of Prednisolone 1% drops weighed and dispensed at the first appointment and reweighed at follow-up. The reduction in weight was compared with expected weight change over the interval.ResultsThe study was completed by 31 patients. Drop errors for all eye drops were reported more than “once a week” by 13 (33.3%) children and young people, and 3 (9.7%) parents. A large proportion of parents could not recall the frequency of drops prescribed to their child (13, 40.6%). Insufficient bottle weight reduction was found in 9 (75%), although this was not associated with self-reported drop errors. Within the eye drop weighing subgroup three (25%) used <50% the expected weight of drops.ConclusionsEye drop compliance was demonstrated to be poor by all the study outcomes in children and young people with uveitis. Self-reported compliance is unreliable in this population, as subjective responses were not supported by objective bottle weight change. Worryingly, some patients miss more than 50% of drops and may suffer worse disease control.Clinical implicationsWhat is already known on this topicPoor drop compliance among children and young people with uveitis has been suggested by a previous retrospective study looking at self-reported compliance.What this study addsAll subjective and objective metrics in this prospective study suggest steroid eye drop compliance is often poor among children with uveitis.Parental administration of steroid eye drops and shorter disease duration appear to be associated with improved compliance.How this study might affect research, practice or policySelf-reported compliance is highly unreliable and should be treated as such by practising clinicians and any future studies.Among the patients with drop errors a small but clinically significant number have very poor compliance and miss drops daily. These patients are at high risk for sub-optimal disease control or persistent disease activity and this requires further investigation.Synopsis/PrecisThis prospective study of drop compliance in children and young people with non-infectious uveitis suggests drop compliance is poor. Some individuals use drops less than half of the prescribed frequency. Self-reported compliance was highly unreliable.
Seasonal bee communities vary in their responses to local and landscape scales: implication for land managers
Authors: Kammerer Melanie , Iverson Aaron L. , Li Kevin , Tooker John F. , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContextThere is great interest in land management practices for pollinators; however, a quantitative comparison of landscape and local effects on bee communities is necessary to determine if adding small habitat patches can increase bee abundance or species richness. The value of increasing floral abundance at a site is undoubtedly influenced by the phenology and magnitude of floral resources in the landscape, but due to the complexity of measuring landscape-scale resources, these factors have been understudied.ObjectivesTo address this knowledge gap, we quantified the relative importance of local versus landscape scale resources for bee communities, identified the most important metrics of local and landscape quality, and evaluated how these relationships vary with season.MethodsWe studied season-specific relationships between local and landscape quality and wild-bee communities at 33 sites in the Finger Lakes region of New York, USA. We paired site surveys of wild bees, plants, and soil characteristics with a multi-dimensional assessment of landscape composition, configuration, insecticide toxic load, and a spatio-temporal evaluation of floral resources at local and landscape scales.ResultsWe found that the most relevant spatial scale varied by season. Spring bees depended on landscape resources, but summer bees responded more to local quality, implying that site-level management is most likely to be successful in supporting summer bees. Semi-natural habitats, including forests, wetlands, and other aquatic habitats, were particularly important for spring bees.ConclusionsBy considering spatial and temporal variation in resources, we developed season-specific recommendations to improve habitat quality for wild bees and offset manifold stressors threatening these essential pollinators.
β-bursts over frontal cortex track the surprise of unexpected events in auditory, visual, and tactile modalities
Authors: Tatz Joshua R. , Mather Alec , Wessel Jan R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne of the fundamental ways in which the brain regulates and monitors behavior is by making predictions about the sensory environment and adjusting behavior when those expectations are violated. As such, surprise is one of the fundamental computations performed by the human brain. In recent years, it has been well-established that one key aspect by which behavior is adjusted during surprise is inhibitory control of the motor system. Moreover, since surprise automatically triggers inhibitory control without much proactive influence, it can provide unique insights into largely reactive control processes. Recent years have seen tremendous interest in burst-like β frequency events in the human (and non-human) local field potential – especially over (pre)frontal cortex) – as a potential signature of inhibitory control. To date, β-bursts have only been studied in paradigms involving a substantial amount of proactive control (such as the stop-signal task). Here, we used two cross-modal oddball tasks to investigate whether surprise processing is accompanied by increases in scalp-recorded β-bursts. Indeed, we found that unexpected events in all tested sensory domains (haptic, auditory, visual) were followed by low-latency increases in β-bursting over frontal cortex. Across experiments, β-burst rates were positively correlated with estimates of surprise derived from Shannon’s information theory, a type of surprise that represents the degree to which a given stimulus violates prior expectations. As such, the current work clearly implicates frontal β-bursts as a signature of surprise processing. We discuss these findings in the context of common frameworks of inhibitory and cognitive control after unexpected events.
The activity of deep cortical layers characterizes the complexity of brain responses during wakefulness following electrical stimulation
Authors: Hönigsperger Christoph , Storm Johan F. , Arena Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt has been suggested that the complexity of the brain is closely related to its state of consciousness. The perturbational complexity index (PCI) has been used in humans and rodents to distinguish conscious from unconscious states based on the global cortical responses (recorded by electroencephalography; EEG) to local cortical stimulation (CS). However, it has been unclear how different cortical layers respond to CS and contribute to the resulting intra- and inter-areal cortical communication and PCI. A detailed investigation of these local dynamics is needed to understand the basis for PCI.We hypothesized that the complexity level of global cortical responses (PCI) corresponds to variations in layer-specific activity and connectivity patterns.We investigated global cortical dynamics and layer specific activity in mice, combining cortical electrical stimulation, global EEG, and local multi-electrode, laminar recordings from layers 1-6 in somatosensory cortex, during wakefulness and general anesthesia (sevoflurane).We found that transition from wake to sevoflurane anesthesia correlated with a drop in global and local PCI values (complexity). This was accompanied by a local decrease in neural firing rate, spike-field coherence, and long-range functional connectivity specific to deep layers (L5, L6).Our results suggest that deep cortical layers are mechanistically important for changes in PCI, and thereby for variations in the states of consciousness.HighlightsAnesthesia caused a reduction in the perturbational complexity index (PCIST) at both global (inter-areal) and local (intra-areal, across layers) cortical scales.Deep cortical layers (L6 and L5), exhibited strong connectivity with remote cortical areas during wakefulness but not during anesthesia.Layer 6 showed the strongest modulation of spike firing and spike field coherence compared to more superficial layers during wakefulness.
Computational model of the full-length TSH receptor
Authors: Mezei Mihaly , Latif Rauf , Davies Terry F 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe receptor for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSHR), a GPCR, is of particular interest as the primary antigen in autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) caused by stimulating TSHR antibodies. To date, only one domain of the extracellular region of the TSHR has been crystallized. We have now generated a model of the entire TSHR by merging the extracellular region of the receptor, obtained using artificial intelligence, with our recent homology model of the transmembrane domain, embedded it in a lipid membrane solvated it with water and counterions, and performed 1000ns Molecular Dynamic simulations on it.The simulations showed that the structure of the transmembrane and leucine-rich domains were remarkably constant while the linking region (LR), known more commonly as the “hinge region”, showed significant flexibility, forming several transient secondary structural elements. Furthermore, the relative orientation of the leucine-rich domain with the rest of the receptor was also seen to be variable. These data suggest that this linker region is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). Furthermore, preliminary data simulating the full TSHR model complexed with its ligand (TSH) showed that (a) there is a strong affinity between the linker region and TSH ligand and (b) the association of the linker region and the TSH ligand reduces the structural fluctuations in the linker region.This full-length model illustrates the importance of the linker region in responding to ligand binding and lays the foundation for studies of pathologic TSHR autoantibodies complexed with the TSHR to give further insight into their interaction with the flexible linker region.