bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of electrospun NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+‐PLGA‐gelatin nanofibers
Authors: Deng Zhaoxue , Wu Hongjian , Mu Huaijin , Jiang Lipeng , Xi Weiyan , Xu Xiaoxue , Zheng Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of composite nanofiber often requires complex reaction conditions and the dimensions of the synthesized composite nanofiber are difficult to control. Electrospinning technique could tackle the issue. In this work, we firstly prepare the NaYF4 up‐conversion material composed of double doped rare earth ions of Er3+ and Yb3+. Then, the up‐conversion luminescent NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles (NaYF4 NPs) are encapsulated into poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)‐gelatin (NaYF4‐PLGA‐gelatin) using one‐step electrospinning process. The effect of NaYF4 NPs on morphology, up‐conversion emission spectra, hydrophilicity, mechanical property and degradation of the electrospun NaYF4‐PLGA‐gelatin nanofiber are studied in detail. The highest luminescent intensity of the electrospun NaYF4‐PLGA‐gelatin nanofiber is achieved when the encapsulated content of NaYF4 NPs is 5 mg/ml. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the nanofibers with this encapsulated content are also averagely higher than that of the nanofibers with other concentrations. In addition, the electrospun NaYF4‐PLGA‐gelatin nanofibers with a variety of NaYF4 NPs contents present great hydrophilicity and degradation rates. Therefore, this work provides an effective approach for the design of up‐conversion composite nanofibers and can further exploit the applications in in vivo biological imaging and tissue engineering.
The role of men and women in agriculture and agricultural decisions in Vanuatu
Authors: Peralta Alexandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study uses a unique data set of 106 cocoa‐growing households in Epi, Vanuatu, to study menʼs and womenʼs participation in decision‐making concerning 17 agricultural activities. Women participate in many aspects of the production and postharvest activities of food and cash crops. However, women are disempowered when it comes to participating in, influencing, and having autonomy over decisions about agricultural activities and income from crop sales. This article also presents an index summarising the decision‐making data. The findings do not suggest associations between the index and variables expected to correlate with womenʼs empowerment (e.g., education, household assets). The study does find that participation in community activities correlates with the decision‐making index for both men and women. The data presented in this article provides useful sex‐disaggregated data capturing intra‐household agricultural decision‐making, and a solid platform for further work on understanding intra‐household decision‐making processes concerning cash and food crops in Vanuatu.
Identifying cryptic fern gametophytes using DNA barcoding: A review
Authors: Nitta Joel H. , Chambers Sally M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFerns and lycophytes are unique among land plants in having sporophyte (diploid) and gametophyte (haploid) generations that can grow independently of each other. While most studies of fern ecology focus on the more visible sporophytic stage, the gametophyte is critically important, as it is the sexual phase of the life cycle. Yet, fern gametophytes have long been neglected in field studies due to their small size and cryptic morphology. DNA barcoding is a powerful method that can be used to identify field‐collected gametophytes to species and allow for detailed study of their ecology. Here, we review the state of DNA barcoding as applied to fern gametophytes. First, we trace the history of DNA barcoding and how it has come to be applied to fern gametophytes. Next, we summarize case studies that show how DNA barcoding has been used to better understand fern species distributions, gametophyte ecology, and community ecology. Finally, we propose avenues for future research using this powerful tool, including next‐generation DNA sequencing for in‐field identification of cryptic gametophytes.
Anuran heart development and critical developmental periods: A comparative analysis of three neotropical anuran species
Authors: Sandoval María Teresa , Gaona Romina , Curi Lucila Marilén , Abreliano Fernanda , Lajmanovich Rafael Carlos , Peltzer Paola Mariela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe heart begins to form early during vertebrate development and is the first functional organ of the embryo. This study aimed to describe and compare the heart development in three Neotropical anuran species, Physalaemus albonotatus, Elachistocleis bicolor, and Scinax nasicus. Different Gosner Stages (GS) of embryos (GS 18–20) and premetamorphic (GS 21–25), prometamorphic (GS 26–41), and metamorphic (GS 42–46) tadpoles were analyzed using stereoscopic microscopy and Scanning Electronic Microscopy. Heart development was similar in the three analyzed species; however, some heterochronic events were identified between P. albonotatus and S. nasicus compared to E. bicolor. In addition, different patterns of melanophores arrangement were observed. During the embryonic and metamorphic periods, the main morphogenetic events occur: formation of the heart tube, regionalization of the heart compartments, development of spiral valve, onset of heartbeat, looping, and final displacement of the atrium and its complete septation. Both periods are critical for the normal morphogenesis and the correct functioning of the anuran heart. These results are useful to characterize the normal anuran heart morphology and to identify possible abnormalities caused by exposure to environmental contaminants.
Ein Blick auf die Herausforderungen beim Bau der 5. Schleusenkammer in Brunsbüttel
Authors: Abratis Joachim , Frentzel‐Schirmacher Anka , Pohl Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDer Neubau der 5. Schleusenkammer in Brunsbüttel ist die derzeitig größte Wasserbaustelle Europas und erforderlich, um nachfolgend die bestehenden großen Schleusenkammern instand setzen zu können. Eine Nutzen‐Kosten‐Analyse ergab den höchsten Nutzwert für den Neubau zwischen den bestehenden großen und kleinen Schleusen, d. h. auf der Schleuseninsel. Durch die Insellage der Baustelle ergeben sich besondere Anforderungen an den Baubetrieb. Generell muss eine Vielzahl von Gewerken koordiniert werden, die u. a. für die Herstellung der tiefen Baugruben, der beton‐ und stahlbautechnischen Konstruktion der Häupter, der Kammer für seegängige Schiffe und der Vorhäfen erforderlich sind. Des Weiteren ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Baustelle an der Elbmündung liegt und somit auf Sturmfluten vorbereitet sein muss. Auf diese besonderen Randbedingungen der Baumaßnahme und auf ausgewählte Bauverfahren wird beispielhaft eingegangen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk des Beitrags liegt zudem auf den umfangreichen betontechnologischen Betrachtungen zur Erzielung dauerhafter Massivbaustrukturen. Bei der Entwicklung der Betonrezepturen waren neben der Minimierung von Rissbreiten in massigen Bauteilen Einwirkungen wie Frost‐ und Chloridangriff zu berücksichtigen. Die zeitweise eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Flugasche gestaltete diese Aufgabe noch komplexer. Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Dauerhaftigkeit wurden in besonders exponierten Bauwerksbereichen wasserabführende Schalungsbahnen eingesetzt.
A novel spectrofluorimetric method based on a reaction with an azoisoxazoles–benzenesulfonamide derivative for determination of uranium (VI) ions in water samples
Authors: Badr Zaki , Gomaa Hassanien , El‐Gaby Mohamed S. A. , Faraghally Faraghally A. , Taher Mahmoud , Abdelmottaleb Mohamed , Ali Hazim M. , Abdel‐Lateef Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelective fluorometric detection and determination of uranium ions is provided here using a novel fluorescent reagent, namely (E)‐4‐([4‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl]diazenyl)‐N‐(5‐methyleisoxazol‐3‐yl) benzenesulfonamide (UVI reagent). The UVI reagent offers a selective fluorescence enhancement behaviour at emission wavelength = 557 nm. The parameters affecting fluorometric detection of uranium ions, such as the pH, solvent type, ligand concentration, interaction time, and interfering ions, were investigated and adjusted. The proposed UVI reagent can detect and determine uranium ions even at low concentrations, for which the obtained limit of detection was 0.1 ppm. Additionally, this proposed determination protocol was successfully used to detect, monitor, and determine uranium ions in actual water samples.
Scale‐up issues during sterile filtration of glycoconjugate vaccines
Authors: Du Zhuoshi , Motevalian Seyed Pouria , Carrillo Conde Brenda , Reilly Kelvin , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral recent studies have provided important insights into the factors controlling the sterile filtration of glycoconjugate vaccines; however, this work has been limited to small‐scale disk filters with very uniform flow distribution. The objective of this study was to examine the scale‐up of the sterile filtration step using a glycoconjugate drug substance made from a single polysaccharide serotype. Experimental data were obtained during constant flux filtration through 0.22 μm Durapore® polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, both with small discs and with the Opticap® XL2 pleated cartridge. The transmembrane pressure increased rapidly during the glycoconjugate filtration due to membrane fouling, with the rate of pressure increase being more pronounced in the pleated cartridge. Additional insights into the fouling behavior were obtained using confocal microscopy by in situ labeling of the glycoconjugate captured within the filter media using an Alexa Fluor fluorescent dye. Glycoconjugate deposition occurred only within the first 5–15 μm of the 0.22 μm Durapore® membrane at both scales, with more variability in the deposition pattern observed for the pleated filter due to the non‐uniform flow distribution in the Opticap® XL2 cartridge. These results provide important insights into the underlying fouling behavior during sterile filtration of glycoconjugate vaccines as well as a framework for the scale‐up of the sterile filter step in glycoconjugate biomanufacturing.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes subtypes as new predictors for neoadjuvant therapy efficacy in breast cancer
Authors: Feng Jikun , Yi Jiarong , Zouxu Xiazi , Li Jianxia , Xiong Zhenchong , Huang Xinjian , Zhong Wenjing , Huang Weiling , Ye Feng , Wang Xi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHost immunity plays an important role in tumor development and treatment. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been proven to predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in breast cancer (BC) patients, but their application is limited due to various reasons. This study aims to explore the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) subsets distribution and the efficacy of NAT.MethodsBetween December 2017 and March 2021, a total of 116 BC patients appropriate for NAT in Sun Yat‐Sen University cancer center were enrolled, pre‐NAC baseline blood samples were taken for further flow cytometry analysis to quantitatively evaluate the PBLs subsets distribution, and corresponding clinical information including pathological complete response (pCR) rate of NAT response were recorded.ResultsBaseline CD3+ T cells(OR 1.11, 1.03–1.21, p = 0.011), CD8+ T cells (OR 1.09, 1.02–1.18, p = 0.015), and NK cells (OR 0.91, 0.83–0.98, p = 0.028) in PBLs subgroup distribution were independent predictors of pCR in BC patients receiving NAT, in which CD8+ T cells had the highest predictive ability (AUC = 0.76). Compared with some previous prediction indicators, its prediction ability has been improved to some extent.ConclusionPeripheral baseline CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells were independent predictors of pCR in BC patients receiving NAT, in which CD8+ T cells had the highest predictive ability. Therefore, it can provide newly non‐invasive, relatively accurate and easily accessible predictors for corresponding patients, and help clinicians better understand tumor immunity.
USP7 sustains an active epigenetic program via stabilizing MLL2 and WDR5 in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Gu Hongyan , Bao Yuhua , Lin Ting , Wang Zhenyu , Gu Donghua , Shen Haoliang , Xian Hua , Fan Yihui , Mao Renfang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActivated B‐cell‐like (ABC)‐diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (ABC‐DLBCL) is a common subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma with poor prognosis. The survival of ABC‐DLBCL relies on constitutive activation of BCR signaling, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully addressed. By mining The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we found that the expression of ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7) is significantly elevated in three cancer types including DLBCL. Interestingly, unlike germinal center B‐cell‐like (GCB)‐DLBCL, ABC‐DLBCL shows upregulated expression of USP7. Inhibiting the enzymatic activity of USP7 (P22077) has a drastic effect on ABC‐DLBCL, but not GCB‐DLBCL cells. Compared to GCB‐DLBCL, ABC‐DLBCL cells show transcriptional upregulation of multiple components of BCR‐signaling. USP7 inhibition significantly reduces the expression of upregulated components of BCR signaling. Mechanistically, USP7 inhibition greatly reduces the methylation of histone 3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me2), which is an epigenetic marker for active enhancers. USP7 inhibition greatly reduces the protein level of WDR5 and MLL2, key components of lysine‐specific methyltransferase complex (complex of proteins associated with Set1 [COMPASS]). In ABC‐DLBCL cells, USP7 stabilizes WDR5 and MLL2. In patients, the expression of USP7 is significantly associated with components of BCR signaling (LYN, SYK, BTK, PLCG2, PRKCB, MALT1, BCL10, and CARD11) and targets of BCR signaling (MYC and IRF4). In summary, we demonstrated an essential role of USP7 in ABC‐DLBCL by organizing an oncogenic epigenetic program via stabilization of WDR5 and MLL2. Targeting USP7 might be a novel and efficient approach to treat patients with ABC‐DLBCL and it might be better than targeting individual components such as BTK in BCR signaling.
Relational security: The impact of facility design on youth custodial staffs' practices and approaches
Authors: Oostermeijer Sanne , Dwyer Matthew , Tongun Poni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundConstructive relationships between staff and young people in custody are a vital component of a therapeutic youth justice approach, which extends to the maintenance of a safe and secure environment (i.e., relational security). Despite the growing recognition that the physical environment of a facility impacts the procedures within a youth justice environment, as well as the relationships between staff and young people, there is a dearth of research in this area.AimsWe investigated youth custodial staffs' views on, and approaches to, establishing relationships with young people while maintaining safety and security. The current study reports on the impacts and challenges highlighted by staff relating to the design of the facility.MethodsWe interviewed a total of 26 custodial staff members working at a Youth Justice facility in Melbourne, Australia. The semi‐structured interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. NVivo 12 was used for thematic analysis. Two researchers (SO and PT) coded one transcript independently, iteratively creating a coding template using a thematic analysis approach. Once the final set of broad themes was constructed, the transcripts were re‐examined, and narrower themes were identified.ResultsThematic analysis revealed that a total of 14 staff (53.8%) identified the design of the custodial facility as impacting upon their ability to practice relational security. Identified design aspects included: unit size, quiet and private spaces, communal areas, green and outside spaces, ambience and spatial characteristics, spatial differentiation, facility and unit lay‐out.ConclusionYouth custodial staff identified design aspects of a youth custodial facility that either promoted or impeded the ability to practice relational security approaches. The current study highlights the importance of carefully considering facility design given its impact upon staff‐young people relationships, procedures and ways of working within these custodial facilities.
Cation‐π Interactions between a Noble Metal and a Polyfunctional Aromatic Ligand: Ag+(benzylamine)
Authors: Corinti Davide , Maccelli Alessandro , Chiavarino Barbara , Schütz Markus , Bouchet Aude , Dopfer Otto , Crestoni Maria Elisa , Fornarini Simonetta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe structure of an isolated Ag+(benzylamine) complex is investigated by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy complemented with quantum chemical calculations of candidate geometries and their vibrational spectra, aiming to ascertain the role of competing cation‐N and cation‐π interactions potentially offered by the polyfunctional ligand. The IRMPD spectrum has been recorded in the 800–1800 cm−1 fingerprint range using the IR free electron laser beamline coupled with an FT‐ICR mass spectrometer at the Centre Laser Infrarouge d'Orsay (CLIO). The resulting IRMPD pattern points toward a chelate coordination (N‐Ag+‐π) involving both the amino nitrogen atom and the aromatic π‐system of the phenyl ring. The gas‐phase reactivity of Ag+(benzylamine) with a neutral molecular ligand (L) possessing either an amino/aza functionality or an aryl group confirms N‐ and π‐binding affinity and suggests an augmented silver coordination in the product adduct ion
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Comparison of percutaneous permeation profiles of flurbiprofen enantiomers
Authors: Zhang Lijing , Xie Jiao , Liu Cheng , Sun Yinghua , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlurbiprofen is clinically effective for the treatment of acute or long‐term rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Studies showed that S‐flurbiprofen had better anti‐inflammatory effect than R‐flurbiprofen. As flurbiprofen racemates are usually used in the form of transdermal preparations, such as Flurbiprofen Cataplasms (Zepolas), it is of great significance to investigate the percutaneous permeation profiles of flurbiprofen enantiomers for considering whether it is necessary to develop the transdermal preparation with single optical enantiomer. Taking the economy into consideration, the flurbiprofen enantiomers as the mode drug and the CHIRALPAKAAGP column we had as instrument were used to perform the following experiments. On the basis of experiences provided by predecessors, we made some improvements to the analytical conditions, and method validation was developed to verify the feasibility of the method. The results showed that the established method could be used to analyze the percutaneous permeation profiles of flurbiprofen enantiomers in the flurbiprofen cataplasms accurately and effectively, and the percutaneous permeation profiles of flurbiprofen enantiomers had no significantly difference no matter under what conditions (P > 0.05).
Structure‐Based Virtual Screening and in vitro and in vivo Analyses Revealed Potent Methyltransferase G9a Inhibitors as Prospective Anti‐Alzheimer's Agents
Authors: Bellver‐Sanchis Aina , Singh Choudhary Bhanwar , Companys‐Alemany Júlia , Sukanya  , Ávila‐López Pedro A. , Martínez Rodríguez Antón Leandro , Brea Floriani Jose Manuel , Malik Ruchi , Pallàs Mercè , Pérez Belén , Griñán‐Ferré Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractG9a is a lysine methyltransferase able to di‐methylate lysine 9 of histone H3, promoting the repression of genes involved in learning and memory. Novel strategies based on synthesizing epigenetic drugs could regulate gene expression through histone post‐translational modifications and effectively treat neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, potential G9a inhibitors were identified using a structure‐based virtual screening against G9a, followed by in vitro and in vivo screenings. First, screening methods with the AD transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain CL2006, showed that the toxicity/function range was safe and recovered age‐dependent paralysis. Likewise, we demonstrated that the best candidates direct target G9a by reducing H3 K9me2 in the CL2006 strain. Further characterization of these compounds involved the assessment of the blood‐brain barrier‐permeability and impact on amyloid‐β aggregation, showing promising results. Thus, we present a G9a inhibitor candidate, F, with a novel and potent structure, providing both leads in G9a inhibitor design and demonstrating their participation in reducing AD pathology.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Single and Multiple Doses of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 1 Inhibitor Brensocatib in Healthy Japanese and White Adults
Authors: Usansky Helen , Yoon Esther , Teper Ariel , Zou Jun , Fernandez Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrensocatib, an investigational first‐in‐class, small‐molecule, orally bioavailable, selective, and reversible dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibitor that blocks activation of neutrophil serine proteases, is currently under clinical development for the treatment of bronchiectasis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. In a 2‐part phase 1 study, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of brensocatib were evaluated in healthy Japanese and White adults. In part A, participants received single and multiple once‐daily doses of brensocatib (10, 25, or 40 mg) or placebo after an overnight fast. In part B, participants received a single oral dose of brensocatib 40 mg on days 1 and 8, with or without food in a crossover fashion. Following a single dose and at steady state, brensocatib exposure was dose dependent, with low to moderate interindividual variability; systemic exposure between Japanese and White participants was similar. Elimination half‐life of brensocatib ranged from 22 to 28 hours, resulting in ≈2‐fold accumulation in maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve at steady state. In both ethnic groups, the presence of food slightly delayed brensocatib absorption with time to maximum plasma concentration increased by 0.7 to 1.7 hours, but it had no significant effect on brensocatib exposure (maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve). Brensocatib was well tolerated in Japanese and White participants. The most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse events were headache and skin exfoliation. No clinically significant vital signs, laboratory abnormalities, or evidence of renal toxicity were observed. The results from this study demonstrate that brensocatib can be administered with or without food and that dose adjustment is unnecessary for Japanese patients when receiving brensocatib treatment.
Utilization of CaF2/ITO Double‐Layer Anti‐Reflective Coating for Increasing the Efficiency in Rear Emitter SHJ Solar Cells
Authors: Zahid Muhammad Aleem , Khokhar Muhammad Quddamah , Kim Youngkuk , Yi Junsin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA method to minimize optical losses in the front side of rear emitter silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells by applying double‐layer antireflection coating (DLARC) has been examined. The primary aim is to increase the short circuit current density (Jsc) using DLARC that is associated with the cell's absorbance. The optical and electrical properties of single‐layer antireflection coating (SLARC) are studied and compared with calcium fluoride (CaF2)/Indium tin oxide (ITO) DLARC.OPAL 2 is utilized as a simulation tool to increase the optical properties of CaF2/ITO DLARC, and the experimental result verifies its validity. ITO is deposited using sputter system while thermal evaporator is utilized to deposit CaF2 to make DLARC. The SHJ solar cell having DLARC demonstrates the average reflection of 6.55% which is 31.7% less than SLARC, that is 9.59% for the wavelength range of 300 to 1100 nm. The fabricated textured solar cell with CaF2/ITO DLARC shows enhancement in external quantum efficiency from 76.89% to 81.06%. It also indicates an improvement in Jsc to 40.83 mA cm‐2 from 39.91 mA cm–2 and having a conversion efficiency of >21% when compared with that of ITO SLARC.