bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of high- intensity interval swimming training on irisin and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal overweight women Effect of HIIT on irisin and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Dehkordi Elham Shafaghat , Jafari Akram 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Irisin is known as exercise myokine that has taken many attentions during recent years according to its roles in metabolic syndrome. Regarding the effect of high intensity interval training on irisin of postmenopausal overweight and obese women, limited information is available. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high intensity interval swimming training on circulating irisin and some metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal overweight women. Methods: 30 postmenopausal overweight women (55/73 ± 2/66 years, 26.72±2.33kg/m2) were randomized into high intensity interval swimming training (n=15; HIIT) and control groups (n=15; CON). HIIT performed 6–10 × 30 s swimming interspersed by 2 min recovery for an 8-week period completing 24±1 session (average heart rate = 0.89 ± 0.029 % HRmax). Fasting blood samples were taken and body mass index was measured pre- and post-intervention. The control group did not perform any exerciseResults: In CON, there were not significant change in all measured variables before and after the intervention period. Irisin increased (P < 0.01) by 0.64 ± 0.27 (mg/ml) in HIIT group. Insulin decreased (P < 0.01) by 0.96 ± 0.36 (mg/dl) while the blood lipid profile, blood pressure and BMI were unaltered.Conclusion: The result of present study showed that high intensity interval swimming trainings is an effectual and time-efficient training way for increasing irisin, and it can lead to compensatory irisin increases in postmenopausal overweight women.
Life zone and habitat disturbance do not explain the coexistence in Sturnira bat species
Authors: Mosquera-Izquierdo Esteban , Saldaña-Vázquez Romeo A. , Sánchez Mariano S. , Villalobos Federico , Castaño John Harold 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
One of the key questions in ecology is to understand the mechanisms that modulate the coexistence between syntopic species. Climate and habitat perturbation gradients have been proposed as moderators of species coexistence. The first is related to time availability and the diversity of food resources. The second is related to change in habitat structure that promotes changes in plant structure and diversity that impacts the diversity of other organisms. Although there is empirical evidence that supports these mechanisms to explain coexistence, they have not been evaluated quantitatively and on a wide geographic scale. Using phytophagous bat species of the genus Sturnira we evaluated both mechanisms. These bats are morphologically similar and are key organisms for the seed dispersal of Neotropical Forest plants. Using systematic review protocols, we obtained data of the occurrence and relative abundance of syntopic Sturnira species of different Neotropical forests. We used generalized linear models to evaluate the predictor power of Holdridge's life zones and habitat disturbance type to explain the evenness of syntopic Sturnira species. We found a highly Sturnira species evenness across life zones, going from 0.68–0.92, and found life zones with a maximum of eight Sturnira species coexisting in the same type of forest. The life zones and the type of disturbance do not explain the variation of evenness in Sturnira species. These results suggest that there is not a competitive exclusion among Sturnira species in tropical forests, and despite their ecological niche similarity, the environment allows the coexistence among these highly related species.
Volatile-mediated Induced and Passively Acquired-resistance in Sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata)
Authors: Grof-Tisza Patrick , Kruizenga Natasja , Tervahauta Arja , Blande James 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plants produce a diversity of secondary metabolites including volatile organic compounds. Some species show discrete variation in these volatile compounds such that individuals within a population can be grouped into distinct chemotypes. A few studies reported that volatile-mediated induced resistance is more effective between plants belonging to the same chemotype and that chemotypes are heritable. The authors concluded that the ability of plants to differentially respond to cues from related individuals that share the same chemotype is a form of kin recognition. These studies assumed plants were actively responding but did not test the mechanism of resistance. A similar result was possible through the passive adsorption and reemission of repellent or toxic VOCs by plants exposed to damage-induced plant volatiles (DIPVs). Here we conducted exposure experiments with five chemotypes of sagebrush in growth chambers; undamaged receiver plants were exposed to either filtered air or DIPVs from mechanically wounded branches. Receiver plants exposed to DIPVs experienced less herbivore damage, which was correlated with increased expression of genes involved in plant defense as well as increased emission of repellent VOCs. Plants belonging to two of the five chemotypes exhibited stronger resistance when exposed to DIPVs from plants of the same chemotypes compared to when DIPVs were from plants of a different chemotype. Moreover, some plants passively absorbed DIPVs and reemitted them, potentially conferring associational resistance. These findings support previous work demonstrating that sagebrush plants actively responded to alarm cues and that the strength of their response was dependent on the chemotypes of the plants involved. This study provides further support for kin recognition in plants but also identified volatile-mediated associational resistance as a passively-mediated additional defense mechanism in sagebrush.
The Symmetric Kazdan–warner Problem and Applications
Authors: Ó João Marcos do , Cavenaghi Leonardo Francisco , Sperança Llohann Dallagnol 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
After R. Schoen completed the solution of the Yamabe problem, compact manifolds could be categorized in three classes, depending on whether they admit a metric with positive, non-negative, or only negative scalar curvature. Here we follow Yamabe’s first attempt to solve his problem through variational methods and provide an analogous equivalent classification for manifolds equipped with actions by non-discrete compact Lie groups. Moreover, we apply the method and the results to: classify total spaces of fiber bundles with compact structure groups (concerning scalar curvature), to conclude density results and compare realizable scalar curvature functions between some exotic manifolds and their standard counterpart. We also provide an extended range of prescribed scalar curvature functions of warped products, especially with Calabi–Yau manifolds.
Anti-TNF-α mAb protects intestinal mucosal barrier integrity in the patients of Crohn’s disease via P38 MAPK/NF-κB p65-mediated expression of tight junction proteins
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Yiwen , Zhang Wei , Zhao Yujie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective To explore the potential mechanism of anti-TNF mAb therapy in protecting mucosal barrier integrity in the patients of Crohn's disease. Methods 382 patients with active Crohn's disease from January 2018 to October 2019 were recruited and treated with anti-TNF mAb therapy at the week 0,2,6, then every 8 weeks. The general clinical data were evaluated at the 14 th week and the intestinal mucosa was harvested to determine the expression of tight junction proteins.The Caco-2 and HT-19 cell lines were cultured and divided into normal control group, LPS injury group, IFX intervention + LPS injury group. The supernatant and total protein were collected to test the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins. Results Anti-TNF mAb therapy effectively increased the level of hemoglobin (Hb), BMI and the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, jam-a and zo-1) in the patients of Crohn's disease, and decreased the release of c-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α , IFN-γ , IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17a) and CDAI scores. Phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 were increased significantly in untreated patients of Crohn's disease, while Anti-TNF-α mAb decreased the phosphorylation ratio. At the same time, we also carried out relevant studies in vitro. Conclusion Anti-TNF-α mAb therapy effectively induces clinical remission of active patients of Crohn's disease, reduces the intestinal inflammatory infiltration, decreases the release of inflammatory cytokines, and maintains mucosal barrier integrity through the p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65 pathway.
Medium-term changes in hydrology of warm Mediterranean wetlands under land use/cover change
Authors: Mehrani Azita , Riazi Borhan , Mirbagheri Seyed Ahmad , Khorasani Nematollah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wetland hydrology in warm Mediterranean regions is strongly influenced by land use/cover change (LUCC) and accurate modeling plays an important role in the maintenance of these valuable ecosystems. Here, LUCC effect on hydrological changes in Ajigol, Almagol and Alago international wetlands in northern Iran, was investigated using Long-term hydrological impact assessment (L-THIA) model and satellite images (Landsat 5, 7 and 8) during 1987–2018. The results showed that the most LUCC was observed in agricultural lands and residential areas with an overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 0.93 and 0.8, respectively. The L-THIA model showed that LUCCs have directly affected the three wetlands under different scenarios. The model showed a relatively high accuracy of changes in wetland water volume under LUCC. A correlation coefficient (R-squared) of 0.70, 0.64 and 0.60 was observed between modeled and actual water volume in Almago, Ajogol and Alagol wetlands, respectively, under LUCCs.
An AKT1- and TRIM21-mediated Phosphodegron Controls Proteasomal Degradation of HuR Enabling Cell Survival under Heat Shock
Authors: Nag Sharanya , Rahaman Sayanur , Guha Abhishek , Ray Partho 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Post-transcriptional regulation by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is a major mode of controlling gene expression under stress conditions. The RBP HuR regulates the translation and/or stability of mRNAs of multiple genes involved in stress responses. HuR is degraded in response to heat stress consequent to ubiquitination of the K182 amino acid residue. We have identified TRIM21 as the E3-ubiquitin ligase causing HuR polyubiquitination at K182 and proteasomal degradation under heat shock. TRIM21-mediated degradation of HuR protected cells from heat-shock induced cell death. By a combination of molecular dynamics simulation and experimentation we found the S100 and E101 residues to be required for binding of TRIM21 to HuR. Heat shock-induced phosphorylation of S100 was necessary for TRIM21 interaction with HuR and subsequent degradation. We identified AKT1 as the kinase which phosphorylates S100, allowing the recognition of HuR by TRIM21. Sequential phosphorylation by AKT1 and ubiquitination by TRIM21 therefore determine a “phosphodegron” in HuR that regulates the cellular level of HuR under heat shock, thereby enabling a crucial adaptive mechanism allowing cell survival in response to heat stress.
Impact assessment of surface ozone exposure on crop yields at three tropical stations over India.
Authors: Roy S. Deb , Bano S. , Beig G. , Murthy B. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Surface ozone is a damaging pollutant for crops and ecosystems and the ozone-induced crop losses over India remain uncertain and a topic of debate due to lack of sufficient observations and uncertainties involved in the modelled results. In this study we have used the observational data from 1MAPAN (Modelling Air Pollution And Networking) for the first time to estimate the relative yield losses, crop production losses and economic losses for the two major crops (wheat and rice). The estimation has been done at three suburban sites over India (Patiala, Tezpur and Delhi) and compared with other related studies over the Indian region. We have used the concentration-based metric (M7, 7-hour average from 09:00 to 15:59 hours) along with the cumulative ozone exposure indices (AOT40, Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of 40ppb) and applied the exposure-response (E-R) functions for calculation of the crop losses. Our study shows that the yearly crop losses can reach the level of 12.4–40.8% and 2.0–11.1% for the wheat and rice crops respectively at certain places like Patiala over India. The annual economic loss can be as high as 373 million 2INR (Indian Rupee) and 47.6 million INR for wheat and rice crops respectively even at individual locations over India. Our estimated %RYL lies in the range of 0.3+/ 0.6 times of the recent regional model estimates which uses only the AOT40 metric. Along with effective ozone mitigation strategies, further studies and field experiments are needed for development of region-specific exposure-response functions based on factors suitable for the Indian region.
Study on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil Using Kriging Technique
Authors: Jiji Wiselin , A Rajesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The increase of toxic concentration leads environmental pollution. Soil pollution has become the most important problem of current scenario due to the rapid growth of industries. Heavy metal concentration in soil reveals the pollution level in soil. This work emphasis on the study of level of heavy metal concentration in Soil because of water pollution in Tirupur District, Tamilnadu, India, well-known for dying activities. The assessment of heavy metal concentrations has been researched based on soil samples and remote sensing data (Landsat 8 OLI images) with the relevant soil standards. Kriging technique and regression analysis are applied to the field and remote sensing data to map heavy metal contamination in soil. Finally, the obtained concentration element using remote sensing data was correlated with in-situ data and results are analyzed.
Ohmic heating application in food processing: Recent achievements and perspectives
Authors: Jafarpour Dornoush , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher 
Published: June 2022

Food processing is an important operation in the food industry that converts fresh foods into final products with desirable characteristics for consumption and storage. Ohmic heating is an emerging technique for food processing that seems to be a suitable alternative to conventional heat treatment. Recently, there has been a lot of research into ohmic heating applications in processing various foods.
This review highlights the findings of studies conducted in 2018–2022 on the impact of ohmic heating on the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of foodstuffs during processing. We found that this technology provides more reliable process control compared to the traditional technique, namely conventional heating. Although ohmic heating has a positive effect on the quality of foods, its efficiency is limited by certain food components, including acid and fat, that markedly affect the electrochemical attributes of foods.
Therefore, to achieve optimal results, ohmic heating conditions should be set in accordance with the properties of food materials. There is a need for further in-depth studies on the performance of ohmic heating in food processing on a large, rather than a lab scale.
Effects of spray-drying parameters on physicochemical properties of powdered fruits
Authors: Pui Liew Phing , Lejaniya Abdul Kalam Saleena 
Published: June 2022

This review features different powdered fruits with optimal storage stability and physiochemical parameters. Spray-drying parameters, such as temperatures and flow rate, can affect the physical properties of powders. Carrier agents provide powders with various favorable qualities, e.g. good flow rate. Commercial spray-drying of fruit juice knows different carrier agents.
The review involved scientific and methodological publications, conference papers, patents, regulatory papers, and Internet resources. They were subjected to grouping, categorization, comparative analysis, and consolidation.
Inlet temperature, maltodextrin concentration, and air flow rate of spray-drying increased the powder yield but decreased the moisture content. Inlet temperature, maltodextrin concentration, and feed flow rate affected the solubility. Effects of atomization rate, air flow rate and free flow rate were assessed in terms of yield, moisture content, hygroscopicity, and solubility.
The article introduces the fundamentals of spray-drying and describes the effect of each spray-drying parameter on the powder quality. The list of parameters included inlet air temperature, atomization rate, air flow, and feed flow rate. We also evaluated the impacts of various carrier agents on the powder quality. The article contributed to a better understanding of how variable parameters affect the quality of food powders. The results provide the food industry with better choice options to adopt certain parameters for specific production needs.
Effect of rigid, bank vegetation on velocity distribution and water surface profile in open channel
Authors: Eraky Ola Mohamed , Eltoukhy Mahmoud Ali R. , Abdelmoaty Mohamed S. , Farouk Elzahry 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The effects of rigid ditch bank vegetation on velocity distribution and water surface profile in trapezoidal open channels were investigated. Forty-eight tests were used to study the impacts of different vegetation densities. Tests were run for three vegetation densities (1,600, 400, and 178 stems/m2) along a fixed, 4.00 m reach, against four different discharges, each with three different depths. The measured water levels and velocities were analyzed and it was found that increasing the vegetation density increased the water depth upstream of the vegetated reach. while lowering it within it, when compared to the unvegetated case. The water's velocity profile as a ratio to the unvegetated case (V/u) is sigmoid, i.e., the maximum velocity (V/u) max occurs in the lower half of the water column, increasing shear stress near the bed, and, in turn, the likelihood of bed erosion along the vegetated channel's centerline. V/u increased with increasing vegetation density and Fro. A multiple regression analysis was done to assess the impact of ditch bank vegetation density on flow parameters.
Hsa_circ_0000437 Inhibits the Development of Endometrial Carcinoma
through miR-626/CDKN1B Axis
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Liu Yahong 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are pivotal in cancer biology. Nevertheless, the biological functions of circular RNA hsa_circ_0000437 (circ_0000437) have not yet been elucidated.

Introduction:
In the present study, we studied the expression characteristics of circ_0000437 in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and explored the roles and potential mechanisms of circ_0000437 in EC progression.

Methods:
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was adopted to detect the expressions of circ_0000437, microRNA-626 (miR-626) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) in EC tissues and cells. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate EC cell proliferation and invasion. The expressions of CDKN1B and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (E-cadherin and N-cadherin) were detected by Western blot. Moreover, the targeted relationship between miR-626 and circ_0000437 or CDKN1B was determined by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.

Results:
Circ_0000437 expression was reduced in EC tissues, and the low expression of circ_0000437 was positively correlated with the lymph node metastasis and high TNM stage of EC patients. Knocking down circ_0000437 promoted the proliferation, invasion and EMT of EC cells. Circ_0000437 directly targeted miR-626 and negatively modulated miR-626 expression in EC cells. CDKN1B was identified as the downstream target of miR-626 in EC cells. Besides, CDKN1B overexpression or miR-626 knockdown reversed the effects of knocking down circ_0000437 on EC cells.

Conclusion:
Circ_0000437 regulates the miR-626/CDKN1B pathway to suppress the proliferation, invasion and EMT of EC cells. This indicates that circ_0000437 may be a promising biomarker and therapy target for EC.
Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neurological Disorders: From Leaky Barriers
Microanatomical Changes to Biochemical Processes
Authors: Boschetti Elisa , Neri Irene , Follo Matilde Yung , De Giorgio Roberto , Cocco Lucio Ildebrando , Manzoli Lucia , Ratti Stefano 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system are distinct because
of evident morpho-functional features. Nonetheless, evidence indicates that these systems
are bidirectionally connected through the gut-brain axis, defined as the signaling that takes place
between the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, which plays in concert with the gut
microbiota, i.e., the myriad of microorganisms residing in the lumen of the human intestine. In
particular, it has been described that gut microbiota abnormalities, referred to as dysbiosis, may
affect both central nervous system development and physiology.

Objective:
Starting from the possible mechanisms through which gut microbiota variations were
found to impact several central nervous system disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder
and Alzheimer’s Disease, we will focus on intriguing, although poorly investigated, aspects such
as the epithelial and vascular barrier integrity. Indeed, several studies suggest a pivotal role of gut
microbiota in maintaining the efficiency of both the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier. In
particular, we report evidence indicating an impact of gut microbiota on intestinal barrier and
blood-brain barrier homeostasis and discuss the differences and the similarities between the two
barriers. Moreover, to stimulate further research, we review various tests and biochemical markers
that can be used to assess intestinal and blood-brain barrier permeability.

Conclusion:
We suggest that the evaluation of intestinal and blood-brain barrier permeability in
neurological patients may not only help to better understand central nervous system disorders but
also pave the way for finding new molecular targets to treat patients with neurological impairment.
Recent Developments in Nano-Formulations Against Diabetes
Authors: Patra Prasun , Choudhury Swaralipi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome, but patient compliance is poor due to the pain and inconvenience caused by the subcutaneous injection of insulin and other macromolecular diabetic therapies. Current challenges in DM management are to optimize the use of available therapies and reduce complications. For clinical improvements, future therapies need to be easier to use, achieving tighter glycemic control, better safety profiles, and reduced manufacturing costs. The medical applications of nanotechnology are enormous and have been proven to be the best approach to improve compliance and clinical efficacy by overturning biopharmaceutical obstacles. Nanoformulations enhance the properties of conventional drugs and are specific to the targeted delivery site. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the application of nano-formulations in diabetes management. We analyze the current state of most of the available approaches which are in various stages of research and development. Herein, we review the developing role of nanotechnology in diabetes management and focus on the technologies that we feel are most likely to have an impact.