bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiome Dynamics Associated with Rifamycin Therapy for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Séraphin Marie Nancy , Bellot Julia , Klann Emily , Ukhanova Maria , Saulsberry Florence G. , Peloquin Charles A. , Mai Volker 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is an effective strategy to eliminate TB in low-incidence settings. Shorter LTBI regimens incorporating the antimicrobial class of rifamycins are designed to improve treatment completion rates. Recent evidence suggests that the rifamycins could induce irreversible gut microbiota changes that impact future anti-TB immunity.
Methods: To document the immediate effect of the rifamycins on the gut microbiota, we followed six patients with LTBI initiating four months of monotherapy with rifampin (4R; n=4) or three months of rifapentine in combination with isoniazid (3HP; n=2) and tracked recovery to baseline two months posttreatment completion. We collected stool samples parallel to the LTBI group from healthy volunteers (N=6) unexposed to the rifamycins. We used a questionnaire to collect diet, antibiotics, and lifestyle changes during follow-up. We profiled the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V1-V2 region).
Results: Rifamycin exposure resulted in a 4.24% decrease in alpha diversity, compared to a 3.27% decrease in the controls. While the change in alpha diversity was small and not statistically different from changes observed in controls, significant bacterial community dissimilarity correlated with treatment duration (R2 = 0.269, P=0.041) and dose (R2 =0.201, P = 0.001) were observed. This rifamycin-associated dysbiosis was characterized by a depletion of butyrate-producing taxa (Clostridium-XIVa and Roseburia) and expansion of potentially pathogenic taxa within the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla. Recovery of the gut microbial composition was incomplete two months after treatment ended.
Conclusion: TB prophylaxis with the rifamycins induced minimal changes in the overall gut microbiota diversity but a significant shift in gut microbial composition. A larger clinical study with a longer follow-up time is necessary to confirm the extent to which the gut microbiota can recover from this rifamycin-induced dysbiosis to inform strategies to mitigate potential LTBI treatment sequelae.
Deep Learning Radiomics Nomogram Based on Multiphase Computed Tomography for Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jieqiu , Yin Wei , Cheng Zhengyan , Yao Xiaopeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and validate a deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) for prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) in breast cancer (BC) patients.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 196 patients with non-specific invasive breast cancer confirmed by pathology, radiomics and deep learning features were extracted from unenhanced and biphasic (arterial and venous phase) contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), and the non-linear support vector machine (SVM) was used to construct the radiomics signature and the deep learning signature respectively. Next, a DLRN was developed with independent predictors and evaluated the performance of models in terms of discrimination and clinical utility.
Results
Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the radiomics signature, deep learning signature, and clinical n stage were independent predictors. The DLRN accurately predicted ALNM, yielded an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.893(95% confidence interval, 0.814–0.972) in the validation set, with good calibration. Decision curve analysis confirmed that the DLRN had higher clinical utility than other predictors.
Conclusions
The DLRN had good predictive value for ALNM in breast cancer patients and provide valuable information for individual treatment.
Designing A One-Bit Coplanar QCA ALU Using A Novel Robust Area-Efficient Three-Input Majority Gate Design
Authors: Riki Samira , Hassani Fatemeh Serajeh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) which is a suitable alterna-tive to conventional CMOS technology is susceptible to some defects inchemical synthesis and deposition phases of circuit fabrication. Besides,the majority gate is one of the most important primary gates fordesigning digital circuits in this emerging technology. Designing a fault-tolerant majority gate is one of the hot topics in QCA technology. Mostprevious works tried to improve the majority gate reliability by increas-ing the number of QCA cells which resulted in occupying more area.In this paper we propose a novel area-effcient three-input majoritygate which can tolerate the single-cell omission and extra-cell depo-sition defects by 86% and 75%, respectively. The proposed majoritygate consists of 11 simple QCA cells with 0:006 μm2 and 1.62 e-002MeV area and energy consumption, respectively. A complete fault tol-erance analysis for our proposed majority gate against cell omission,extra-cell deposition, and cell displacement and misalignment defectsis also provided. We design a fault-tolerant coplanar fulladder/fullsub-tractor and a two-to-one multiplexer using the proposed majority gateand compare it with the same previous works. Simulation results fromQCADesigner 2.0.3 and QCADesigner-E show that in all cases our pro-posed robust circuits can reduce the area consumption. Finally, weimplement a fault tolerant coplanar one-bit ALU using the proposedcircuits that can perform four logical and mathematical operations.
Reduced Chronic Pain Following Laparoscopic Totally Extra-peritoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair Using Glue: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jeroukhimov Igor , Dykman Daniel , Hershkovitz Yehuda , Poluksht Natan , Nesterenko Vladimir , Yehuda Amir Ben , Stephansky Albert , Zmora Oded 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic pain following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair occurs in up to 20% of the patients. We aim to compare glue and absorbable tackers on the rate of chronic pain after surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
Methods
Patients undergoing laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair were enrolled in a single-blind randomized clinical trial and were randomized for mesh fixation with glue or absorbable tackers. Pain was assessed using a validated 4-point verbal-rank scale at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1-year postoperatively. Chronic pain was defined as pain persisting beyond three months.
Results
Overall, 208 patients were analyzed. Chronic pain of any intensity was reported in 31.7% (66/208) after 6 months and in 13% (29/208) after12 months. No differences in postoperative pain were observed between the two forms of mesh fixation. Mesh fixation with glue resulted in less severe pain compared to fixation by tackers (logrank p = 0.025).
Conclusions
No differences in chronic pain rate were identified between tacker and glue fixation. Severe pain, however, was less common following glue fixation.
Effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with lymphovascular invasion and without lymph node metastasis
Authors: Li Haomiao , Wei Xiufeng , Li Yin , Ba Yufeng , Yu Yongkui , Liu Qi , Lv Hongwei , Wang Haoran , Zhu Jianping , Zhang Jun , Xing Wenqun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To explore the significance of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and without lymph node metastasis and analyze the recurrence pattern of these patients.
Methods
Data of patients who underwent radical resection of esophageal cancer at Henan Cancer Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 were collected. Patients with LVI and without lymph node metastasis were retrieved based on the pathological results. Patients were divided into the adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) group and none chemotherapy (NC) group according to the postoperative treatment strategy. The follow-up information of the two groups was compared.
Results
A total of 46 patients were enrolled. Twenty-two patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy, 24 patients did not receive postoperative treatment. By December 2021, 27 patients had died. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 41.3%, and the median follow-up time was 34.5 months. The 5-year OS rate was 40.9% in the AC group and 41.7% in the NC group. No significant difference in the OS was found between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed that the 5-year OS rate of stage IB patients was better in the AC group than in the NC group (83.3% vs 40.0%), but with no statistical significance. No significant difference in the 5-year OS rate was found between the AC group and the NC group for stage IIA (33.3%% vs. 66.7%) and IIB (20.0% vs. 20.0%) patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the T stage (P = 0.034, OR = 4.497) and the S stage (P = 0.025, OR = 5.033) were independent risk factors affecting the OS. The postoperative treatment strategy was not related to the OS. Local lymph node recurrence and distant metastasis were the main recurrence patterns in these patients.
Conclusions
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with LVI and negative lymph nodes did not benefit from postoperative chemotherapy. T stage and S stage were independent risk factors for the OS. Patients with LVI are more likely to develop distant metastases and local lymph node recurrence post-surgery.
Two numerical methods for thermohaline convection in MHD Squeezing flow of Casson fluid saturated porous layer
Authors: Y Vinod , Raghunatha K. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modeling and research are done on an unsteady squeezing flow of Casson fluid traveling through a porous media channel with a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect. The non-Newtonian fluid partial differential equations (PDEs) are similarity transformed into a highly nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equation (ODE). The resultant boundary value issue is resolved numerically using the Hermite wavelet method (HWM) and Differential transformation Method (DTM). We compare the numerical findings, which exhibit great agreement, for validity considerations. Additionally, a thorough visual study has been done to look at how different fluid factors affect the velocity, temperature, and concentration profile. Analysis reveals that the velocity profile is affected differently by positive and negative squeeze numbers. Moreover, it has been shown that when the squeeze number is positive or negative, the Casson parameter has the opposite influence on the velocity profile. In cases of positive and negative squeezing numbers, the MHD parameter and permeability constant have equivalent impacts on the velocity profile. Further, it can be shown that identical velocity profiles for Casson, MHD, and permeability parameters have been found in cases when the squeeze number is positive. In addition, a skin-friction coefficient study has also been provided. It has been found that the skin friction coefficient has an inverse connection with the Casson parameter whereas the squeeze number, MHD parameter, and permeability parameter all have direct relationships. The effect of several relevant factors on the temperature and concentration fields is also addressed, with the use of graphical examples.
Peripheral monocyte count is associated with hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Tianjie , Wen Dingke , Wang Xing , Yu Yang , Wang Canzhi , Tao Chuanyuan , Ma Lu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Promoting hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can reduce secondary brain injury. However, factors influencing hematoma resolution remain unclear. We aimed to explore the factors influence hematoma clearance and find the relationship between the rate of hematoma clearance and short-term prognosis.
Methods
Multicenter consecutive ICH patients from 2020 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. We included subjects with a follow-up computed tomographic scan available within 15 ± 4 days and without recurrent bleeding or hematoma expansion after admission. Hematoma volumes were calculated by ABC/2 method, and CT value greater than 50U were identified as hematoma. Multiple linear regression and multiple Logistics regression are used to find the factors affecting the hematoma resolution. The association between the hematoma clearance rate and ICH expansion was investigated with multivariate logistic regression.
Results
A total of 116 subjects met eligibility criteria (median age, 57.1 years; 71.7% men), higher baseline monocyte count (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–3.16; P = 0.003) and admission hematoma volume (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.54; P = < 0.001) was associated with the rate of hematoma clearance. There was no association between hematoma clearance rate and short-term prognosis (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–7.67; P = 0.823).
Conclusion
Elevated levels of peripheral monocyte count and hematoma volume were independently related to the rate of hematoma clearance. The relationship between the rate of hematoma clearance and short-term outcomes in ICH patients has not been demonstrated. Peripheral monocytes may be an important pathway to regulate hematoma clearance in the future.
Soil seed bank can complement restoration efforts in a coastal freshwater creek
Authors: Ling Joanne Elizabeth , Powell Megan , Wen Li , Pinto Uthpala 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Riparian vegetation is a keystone ecosystem element heavily impacted by livestock grazing. Historically, regeneration approaches of the riparian vegetation use either active (planting) and passive (natural regeneration) strategies. Objective frameworks based on an understanding of the soil seed bank are needed to help guide the approach adopted. This study compared the soil seed bank composition to the extant riparian vegetation to assess the potential for natural regeneration to supplement active plantings, following livestock exclusion. Our results show that the proportions of species nativeness, growth forms, and life cycle was similar for both communities, but there was an inverse relationship between wetland specialist species in both communities. While invasive species in the soil seed bank are considered a challenge, there is potential that restoration efforts may not be overwhelmed when there is a persistent native seed bank combined with other basic management strategies. The high abundance of native grass-types (Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Juncaginaceae, Asparagaceae, Poaceae, Typhaceae), can be relied upon to regenerate the understorey to complement the planting of the upper tree layer and accelerate the successional trajectories of recovery. However, in areas that are species-rich of all native plant growth forms, redirecting resources to sites that are species-poor (especially of native trees and shrubs) could be an efficiency option. Our findings have important implications for land managers in not only selecting appropriate growth forms for restoration, but also extending their funding resources further to additional sites across the landscape.
Arsenic elevated groundwater irrigation: Farmers’ perception on rice and vegetables contamination in a naturally arsenic endemic area
Authors: Rokonuzzaman MD , ZH Ye , C Wu , WC LI 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Arsenic (As) elevated groundwater irrigation for rice and vegetable cultivation, and its associated health threat is a significant concern worldwide. Researchers are endeavoring to invent As mitigating strategies to combat this terrible hazard; all their striving have ensued without adequate grassroots information about farmers' perception of the As accumulation scenario in their crops. This study investigates Farmers’ perception and current status of crop and body loading in naturally arsenic endemic regions. Results reveal that one fourth of the farmers giving the positive message regarding the As contamination scenario in rice and vegetables. Although ten of farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics were positively significant, distinctive emphasize should be given to five predictor variables explaining 88 percent variances such as knowledge, direct participation in farming, information sources used, participant education, and organizational participation. Path analysis depicts that direct participation in farming presents the highest positive total effect (0.855) and direct effect (0.503), whereas information sources show the highest positive indirect effect (0.624). The mean As content in all five locations was statistically significant at the 5%, 5%, 0.1%, 1%, and 1% probability levels in scalp hairs, rice, vegetables, soils, and irrigation water, respectively. Ninety-two point five percent of the variation is explained by the first principal component (PC1). Significant variations were primarily explained by As levels in irrigation water, rice grain, and soil. Farmers’ perception is far behind the actual field status of As level and its transfer. Therefore, intensified priorities should be administered on the farmers' characteristics contributing to the variances in perception.
Value dependent correlations: A flexible definition of non-Gaussian multivariate dependence
Authors: Bardossy Andras 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dependencies between variables are often very complex, and may for high values be different from that of the low values. As the normal distribution and the corresponding copula behaves symmetrically for low and high values the frequent application of the normal copula for the description of the dependence may be inappropriate. In this contribution a new way of defining high dimensional multivariate distributions with changing correlations is presented. The method can also be used for a flexible definition of tail dependence. Examples of copulas with linear changing correlations illustrate the methodology. Parameter estimation methods and simulation procedures are discussed. A five dimensional example using groundwater quality data and another four dimensional using air pollution data are used to illustrate the methodology.
Effect of Dietary intake on Nutritional Status of under-five children in Ifedore Local Government Area, Ondo State Nigeria
Authors: Adewole R.O , Oluwajuyitan T. O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is an increasing evidence that under-nutrition is most common form of malnutrition in Nigeria. This study reports the results analysis of 100 underfive children on dietary intake and nutritional status. The objectives is to investigate the pattern of dietary Intake of under-five children, determine their anthropometric and assess the nutritional status of under five in Ifedore local government area, Ondo state. The result shows that cereals and starchy food which are indomie and spaghetti, white bread, biscuit and yam porridge were the most consumed foods by under five children with the mean 3.78, 3.40, 3.20 and 1.54 respectively. Their anthropometric revealed that majority of under five children were between 36 and 47 months old .The results also shows prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting of under five children with 23%, 20% and 1% respectively. Furthermore, Nutritional status of under five children was significantly associated with their dietary intake (p-value = 0.00 < 0.05).
Morphological, Spectroscopic and Thermal Analysis of Cellulose Nanocrystals Extracted from Waste Jute Fiber by Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Rana Md. Sohel , Mosharraf Md. Pervez , Rahim Md. Abdur , Tipu Fazlul Karim , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Haque Mohammed Rashdul , Kabir Shaila , Amran Md. Shah , Chowdhury Abu Asad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Natural cellulose, a sustainable bioresource, is highly abundant in nature. Cellulosic materials, particularly those that explore and employ such materials for industrial use, have recently attracted significant global attention in the field of material science because of the special properties of cellulose. The hydroxyl groups enable the formation of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding as well as the arrangement of cellulose chains in a highly ordered crystalline zone, with the remaining disordered structure being referred to as an amorphous region. The crystalline areas of cellulose are well-known as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). In the present study, we extracted CNCs from pure cellulose isolated from waste jute fibers by sulphuric acid hydrolysis followed by characterization. Pure cellulose was isolated from jute fibers by treating with sodium hydroxide (20% w/w) and anthraquinone (0.5%) solution at 170 ⁰C for 2 hours, followed by bleaching with chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide solution. CNCs were isolated from pure cellulose by treating with different concentrations (58–62%) of sulphuric acid at different time intervals (20 min to 45 min). FTIR study of the CNCs reveals no peak at 1738 cm− 1 which confirms the absence of hemicellulose in the samples. The CNCs obtained after 45 mins of acid hydrolysis are rod-shaped, having an average length of 800 ± 100 nm and width of 55 ± 10 nm with high crystallinity index (90%). Zeta potential greatly increased due to the attachment of SO42− ion on the surface of CNC from − 1.0mV to about − 30mV with the increment of reaction time from 20 min to 45 min, which proved the higher stability of CNC suspension. Crystallinity increased from 80–90% when the reaction time was increased from 20 to 45 mins, respectively, while crystallite size from 2.705 to 4.56 nm was obtained with an increment of acid concentration. Acid hydrolysis enhanced crystallinity but attenuated the temperature corresponding to major decomposition (Tmax) at 260 ⁰C and beginning of degradation (Ti) at 200 ⁰C due to the attachment of SO42− ion on the surface decreased the thermal stability of CNC. The second degradation at 360 ⁰C indicated the stable crystal structure of CNC. The endothermic peak at 255 ⁰C in the DTA study provided evidence of sulphated nanocrystal decomposition and the recrystallization of Cellulose Ⅰ to cellulose Ⅱ, the most stable structure among the other four cellulose.