bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global population genomic signature of Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) supports complex introduction events across the Old World
Authors: Tay Wee Tek , Rane Rahul V. , Padovan Amanda , Walsh Tom K. , Elfekih Samia , Downes Sharon , Nam Kiwong , d’Alençon Emmanuelle , Zhang Jianpeng , Wu Yidong , Nègre Nicolas , Kunz Daniele , Kriticos Darren J. , Czepak Cecilia , Otim Michael H. , Gordon Karl H. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNative to the Americas, the invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; FAW) was reported in West Africa in 2016, followed by its chronological detection across the Old World and the hypothesis of an eastward Asia expansion. We explored population genomic signatures of American and Old World FAW and identified 12 maternal mitochondrial DNA genome lineages across the invasive range. 870 high-quality nuclear single nucleotide polymorphic DNA markers identified five distinct New World population clusters, broadly reflecting FAW native geographical ranges and the absence of host-plant preferences. We identified unique admixed Old World populations, and admixed and non-admixed Asian FAW individuals, all of which suggested multiple introductions underpinning the pest’s global spread. Directional gene flow from the East into eastern Africa was also detected, in contrast to the west-to-east spread hypothesis. Our study demonstrated the potential of population genomic approaches via international partnership to address global emerging pest threats and biosecurity challenges.
Successive remodeling of IgG glycans using a solid-phase enzymatic platform
Authors: Hsu Yen-Pang , Verma Deeptak , Sun Shuwen , McGregor Caroline , Mangion Ian , Mann Benjamin F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe success of glycoprotein-based drugs in various disease treatments has become widespread. Frequently, therapeutic glycoproteins exhibit a heterogeneous array of glycans that are intended to mimic human glycopatterns. While immunogenic responses to biologic drugs are uncommon, enabling exquisite control of glycosylation with minimized microheterogeneity would improve their safety, efficacy and bioavailability. Therefore, close attention has been drawn to the development of glycoengineering strategies to control the glycan structures. With the accumulation of knowledge about the glycan biosynthesis enzymes, enzymatic glycan remodeling provides a potential strategy to construct highly ordered glycans with improved efficiency and biocompatibility. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate more than 30 enzymes for glycoengineering immobilized immunoglobulin G, an impactful glycoprotein class in the pharmaceutical field. We demonstrate successive glycan remodeling in a solid-phase platform, which enabled IgG glycan harmonization into a series of complex-type N-glycoforms with high yield and efficiency while retaining native IgG binding affinity.
Neuromotor prosthetic to treat stroke-related paresis: N-of-1 trial
Authors: Serruya Mijail D. , Napoli Alessandro , Satterthwaite Nicholas , Kardine Joe , McCoy Joseph , Grampurohit Namrata , Talekar Kiran , Middleton Devon M. , Mohamed Feroze , Kogan Michael , Sharan Ashwini , Wu Chengyuan , Rosenwasser Robert H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Functional recovery of arm movement typically plateaus following a stroke, leaving chronic motor deficits. Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) may be a potential treatment for post-stroke deficits

Methods
In this n-of-1 trial (NCT03913286), a person with chronic subcortical stroke with upper-limb motor impairment used a powered elbow-wrist-hand orthosis that opened and closed the affected hand using cortical activity, recorded from a percutaneous BCI comprised of four microelectrode arrays implanted in the ipsilesional precentral gyrus, based on decoding of spiking patterns and high frequency field potentials generated by imagined hand movements. The system was evaluated in a home setting for 12 weeks

Results
Robust single unit activity, modulating with attempted or imagined movement, was present throughout the precentral gyrus. The participant acquired voluntary control over a hand-orthosis, achieving 10 points on the Action Research Arm Test using the BCI, compared to 0 without any device, and 5 using myoelectric control. Strength, spasticity, the Fugl-Meyer scores improved.

Conclusions
We demonstrate in a human being that ensembles of individual neurons in the cortex overlying a chronic supratentorial, subcortical stroke remain active and engaged in motor representation and planning and can be used to electrically bypass the stroke and promote limb function. The participant’s ability to rapidly acquire control over otherwise paralyzed hand opening, more than 18 months after a stroke, may justify development of a fully implanted movement restoration system to expand the utility of fully implantable BCI to a clinical population that numbers in the tens of millions worldwide.
Alkali therapy protects renal function, suppresses inflammation, and improves cellular metabolism in kidney disease
Authors: Pastor Arroyo Eva Maria , Yassini Nima , Sakiri Elif , Russo Giancarlo , Bourgeois Soline , Mohebbi Nilufar , Amann Kerstin , Joller Nicole , Wagner Carsten A. , Imenez Silva Pedro Henrique 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10–13% of the population worldwide and halting its progression is a major clinical challenge. Metabolic acidosis is both a consequence and a possible driver of CKD progression. Alkali therapy counteracts these effects in CKD patients, but underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that bicarbonate supplementation protected renal function in a murine CKD model induced by an oxalate-rich diet. Alkali therapy had no effect on the aldosterone–endothelin axis but promoted levels of the anti-aging protein klotho; moreover, it suppressed adhesion molecules required for immune cell invasion along with reducing T-helper cell and inflammatory monocyte invasion. Comparing transcriptomes from the murine crystallopathy model and from human biopsies of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) suffering from acidosis with or without alkali therapy unveils parallel transcriptome responses mainly associated with lipid metabolism and oxidoreductase activity. Our data reveal novel pathways associated with acidosis in kidney disease and sensitive to alkali therapy and identifies potential targets through which alkali therapy may act on CKD and that may be amenable for more targeted therapies.
Field‐circuit coupling numerical calculation method of transformer remanence
Authors: Yuan Weiying , Yuan Jiansheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen the transformer is re‐energised, the remanence in the core will cause inrush current, which will have adverse impacts on the power system. In the remanence distribution calculation, not only the hysteresis characteristics of the core, but also the characteristics of the external circuit need to be considered. In this paper, an indirect field‐circuit coupling method for calculating transformer remanence distribution is presented. The residual flux density distribution at every point of the iron core, which has not been shown in previous literatures, can be obtained, and also the H‐B trajectory of the iron core. In the field calculation, the pseudo‐permeability method is modified in order to fit the field separation‐based dynamic hysteresis model. The pseudo‐permeability method and the initial value estimation method are used to speed up the iteration convergence. Furthermore, in the electric circuit topology used in the calculation, the switching process of the circuit breaker and the capacitance in the circuit are considered, and this has not been tried in the previous remanence calculation method. The remanence results are verified by comparison with the results in the literature. The remanence results can provide a basis for the impact analysis and phase control of the re‐energisation.
A novel bidirectional synchronized transfer method for multilevel electric drive systems based on discrete Fourier transformation
Authors: Keshavarzian Ali , Lahooti Eshkevari Alireza , Abdoli Iman , Karimi Hajiabadi Mostafa , Farzi Mohammad , Arefian Mansour 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBidirectional synchronized transfer (BST) in variable frequency drive (VFD) systems implies automatic synchronization with seamless transfer of the motor to the grid or take‐over of the motor from the grid. This feature is realized if the magnitude, frequency, and phase angle of the VFD voltage and the grid voltage are synchronized. So, an accurate synchronization algorithm is necessary. This paper proposes a new BST method based on the discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) that obtains the magnitude, frequency and phase angle of VFD and grid voltages precisely through determining the fundamental components. This new BST coordinates the output voltage of the VFD with the grid using two error amplifiers. Also, additional decoupling reactors or transformers are no longer required by using this method due to exact estimation and synchronization. Furthermore, the algorithm can be integrated into any motor control strategy. This paper presents the principle of the proposed BST comprehensively and evaluates it by experimental results. The algorithm is tested on an induction motor via a 13‐level cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) inverter and the V/Hz constant control. The effect of BST on the motor voltage and current, the inverter current and dc‐link voltage is also examined. Results confirm the proposed strategy.
Pro-Kind Rheuma – aktueller Stand des
GBA-Projektes
Authors: Vollbach Kristina , Eulert Sascha , Horneff Gerd , Föll Dirk , Tenbrock Klaus , Minden Kirsten 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Initiative Protokolle in der Kinderrheumatologie (Pro-Kind) der GKJR hat es
sich zum Ziel gesetzt, durch Entwicklung von Therapieprotokollen die Behandlung
von kindlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen zu standardisieren und dadurch das
Outcome zu verbessern. Seit 2019 wird die Überprüfung der
Effektivität dieser standardisierten Protokolle im Rahmen des Projektes
„Pro-Kind Rheuma“ vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (GBA)
gefördert. Hierzu werden 500 neu diagnostizierte Patienten mit
kindlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen (Polyartikuläre JIA,
Oligoartikuläre JIA, Enthesitis-assoziierte JIA, systemische JIA,
juvenile Dermatomyositis, Systemischer Lupus Erythematodes) in einer
Registerstudie erfasst und prospektiv über ein Jahr verfolgt. Dieser
Artikel möchte über den aktuellen Stand des Projektes
informieren. Die derzeitige Rekrutierungszahl (Stand 12/2021)
beträgt 275 Patienten.
The Changing Face of the Cornea in a Case of Juvenile Glaucoma and Subclinical Keratoconus
Authors: Khalil Ahmad K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report on a 23-year-old man who presented with bilateral subclinical keratoconus and juvenile glaucoma (JG). With intraocular pressures (IOPs) of 30 and 28 mmHg, both eyes were consecutively operated by adjusted trabeculotomy, leading to a remarkable decrease in IOP to well below the mean for this surgery in JG. Meanwhile, most keratoconus indices clearly progressed in the first 5 months postoperatively, with increases in corneal hysteresis, associated with a remarkable drop in the corneal resistance factor. During the following years, IOP remained low, and all changes (except the increase in corneal hysteresis) reverted to near preoperative levels through the follow-up course of 5 years. This report complements a few existing reports that show the coincidence of keratoconus and JG, and, more importantly, documents a novel pattern of remarkable and prolonged corneal changes following surgical lowering of IOP in eyes with these changes. Postoperative biomechanical
disturbances in the cornea and possibly limbus are proposed in cases of JG and subclinical keratoconus.
CT-Based Definition and Structured Reporting of Abdominal Lymph Node Stations
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Sharma Srishti , Prakash Adity , Aggarwal Priyanka , Shukla Ram C. , Verma Ashish 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Meticulous evaluation of abdominal lymph nodes on computed tomography (CT) is a fundamental task in radiological practice especially in oncological reporting. Although various reporting systems exist to define abdominal nodal stations for malignancies of individual abdominal organs, a complete and uniform framework for radiological reporting of abdominal lymph nodes does not exist in the literature.
Purpose The goal of this review was to provide a step-wise reporting template and precise definitions of the radiological anatomy of abdominal lymph nodes and to generate a CT-based illustration of the lymph node stations of the abdomen.
Conclusion This CT-based illustration and reporting template will help the radiologists to aptly describe the extent of the lymph nodal diseases and will help in comparison with posttherapy scans.
Novel Copy Denture Technique—A Practical Approach for Duplicating Existing Dentures
Authors: Khan Mehwish , Kazmi Syed Murtaza Raza , Quraeshi Sameer , wazir Shah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProvision of copy dentures to complete denture patients is often needed in clinical practice. Several edentulous patients want an additional set of dentures to avoid being without them in case the existing ones are broken or lost, whereas some patients have adapted to their old dentures so much that they do not want them to be replaced by a completely new prosthesis. This article presents a technique for the fabrication of a copy denture that allows duplicate dentures to be processed in heat-cure acrylic resin in two clinical visits, without leaving the dentures at dental office.
Neurophysiologic Mechanisms of Tinnitus
Authors: Kaltenbach James A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch over the past decade has provided new insights into the neural mechanisms likely to produce the false percepts of sound associated with tinnitus. These insights have emerged mainly as a result of electrophysiologic studies, examining changes in brain activity, and behavioral studies, examining changes in perception, in animals that have been treated with well-known tinnitus inducers such as salicylates, quinine, and intense sound. The available evidence, based on electrophysiologic studies, suggests that tinnitus is associated with disturbances in spontaneous neural activity in the auditory system. These abnormalities include increases in spontaneous activity (hyperactivity), changes in the timing of neural discharges (i.e., the temporal firing properties of neurons), and an increase in bursting activity of neurons. Parallel studies using behavioral testing methods have demonstrated that agents, which produce these neural changes, also cause tinnitus in animals. This article reviews the literature concerned with both behavioral evidence for tinnitus in animal models and the associated changes that occur at peripheral and central levels of the auditory system.
Abbreviations: Al = primary auditory cortex, All = secondary auditory cortex, AFF = anterior auditory field, CF = characteristic frequency, C02 = carbon dioxide, DCN = dorsal cochlear nucleus, EEG = electroencephalogram, FMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging, IC = inferior colliculus, OAEs = otoacoustic emissions, PET = positron emission tomography, SA = spontaneous activity, SOAEs = spontaneous otoacoustic emissions
Performance of Dual-Microphone In-the-Ear Hearing Aids
Authors: Valente Michael , Schuchman Gerald , Potts Lisa G. , Beck Lucille B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFifty subjects with mild to moderate-severe sensorineural hearing loss and prior experience with binaural amplification were evaluated at two sites (25 subjects at each site). Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were measured using the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) after each subject wore binaural in-the-ear hearing aids programmed for omnidirectional and dual-microphone performance, for 4 weeks. Both microphone conditions were evaluated under "ideal" (signal at 0°; noise at 180°) and "diffuse" (signal at 0°; correlated noise at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°) listening conditions. Results revealed statistically significant mean improvements in SNRs between 3.7 and 3.5 dB at Site I and 3.2 and 2.7 dB at Site II for the ideal and diffuse listening conditions, respectively, for the dual-microphones in comparison to the performance provided by the omnidirectional microphone.
Abbreviations: Dl = directivity index, HINT = Hearing in Noise Test, NAL-R = National Acoustic Laboratory-Revised, REIG = real-ear insertion gain, SAV = select-a-vent, SC+aRT = super compression with adaptive release time
Toward a More Ecologically Valid Measure of Speech Understanding in Background Noise
Authors: Jerger James , Greenwald Ralf , Wambacq Ilse , Seipel Amanda , Moncrieff Deborah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn an attempt to develop a more ecologically valid measure of speech understanding in a background of competing speech, we constructed a quasidichotic procedure based on the monitoring of continuous speech from loudspeakers placed directly to the listener's right and left sides. The listener responded to the presence of incongruous or anomalous words imbedded within the context of two children's fairy tales. Attention was directed either to the right or to the left side in blocks of 25 utterances. Within each block, there were target (anomalous) and nontarget (nonanomalous) words. Responses to target words were analyzed separately for attend-right and attend-left conditions. Our purpose was twofold: (1) to evaluate the feasibility of such an approach for obtaining electrophysiologic performance measures in the sound field and (2) to gather normative interaural symmetry data for the new technique in young adults with normal hearing. Event-related potentials to target and nontarget words at 30 electrode sites were obtained in 20 right-handed young adults with normal hearing. Waveforms and associated topographic maps were characterized by a slight negativity in the region of 400 msec (N400) and robust positivity in the region of 900 msec (P900). Norms for interaural symmetry of the P900 event-related potential in young adults were derived.
Abbreviations: CVC = consonant-vowel-consonant, EEG = electroencephalic, ERP = event-related potential, ISI = interaural symmetry index, VEOG = vertical electro-oculography
Longitudinal Investigation of Hearing Disorders in Children with Congenital Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Dahle Arthur J. , Fowler Karen B. , Wright John D. , Boppana Suresh B. , Britt William J. , Pass Robert F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis investigation consisted of a longitudinal study of the effects of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on hearing sensitivity in 860 children with documented asymptomatic or symptomatic congenital CMV infection. Of the 651 children with asymptomatic CMV infection, 48 (7.4%) developed sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), compared to 85 (40.7%) of the children with symptomatic CMV infection. Children in both groups experienced latent effects consisting of delayed onset of loss, threshold fluctuations, and/or progressive loss of hearing. It can be concluded that congenital CMV infection is a leading cause of SNHL in children. The late onset and progression of loss necessitates continued monitoring of hearing sensitivity in this population.
Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response, CMV = cytomegalovirus, OAEs = otoacoustic emissions, SNHL = sensorineural hearing loss
The tale of two countries
Authors: Filipović Luna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this research was to compare the quality of language services and of linguistic evidence obtained in UK police interviews and US police interrogations with suspects, witnesses and victims who speak little or no English and have to communicate via an interpreter. This is the first study of its kind based on substantial real-life data from both jurisdictions, which rely on different types of service provision. The data were annotated using NVivo 12 software and the methodology included a quantitative analysis of miscommunication instances that arise as a result of cross-linguistic or cross-cultural contrasts and a qualitative analysis of the interpreting standards and information details recorded in official transcripts. It was discovered that both countries exhibit some advantageous features in their language service provision. although both also have shortcomings that should be responded to and remedied. The US data reveal that the transcripts there are more detailed and more informative, and are produced bilingually and verbatim; this is not the case in the UK context. However, the use of non-professional interpreters in the US, unlike in the UK, where professional interpreters are employed, is shown to be highly problematic. The article concludes with a summary of empirical insights that can be used to improve evidence-gathering, access to justice in multilingual contexts, policy development and the training of law-enforcement and language professionals around the world.
Saha–Basu equation of state and its application to Carnot cycle
Authors: Samanta S , Acharya A , Mitra J , Bhattacharyya S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A hundred years ago, in 1920, Meghnad Saha and Satyendra Nath Basu derived an equation of state bearing their name. We revisit this largely overlooked equation of state and compute the efficiency of the Carnot cycle using this as a working substance. We also calculate the efficiency of the Carnot cycle using the Dieterici equation of state which can be obtained from Saha–Basu’s equation of state in a proper limit.
Near-threshold Cooper minimum in the photoionisation of the 2p subshell of sodium atom and its impact on the angular distribution parameter
Authors: Hosea Nishita M , Jose Jobin , Varma Hari R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present work reports the photoionisation studies of 2p subshell of Na atom, just above the threshold region. The calculations are performed in the framework of multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method (MCDHF). It unravels the effect of 3d orbital on the final state leading to the appearance of Cooper minimum (CM) in the region close to the threshold. Further, the impact of this CM on the angular distribution parameter is studied. It is found that CM not only modifies the cross section profile but also makes dramatic changes in the angular distribution.
Periodic evolution of the Pearcey–Gaussian beam in the fractional Schrödinger equation under Gaussian potential
Authors: Gao Ru , Guo Teng , Ren Shumin , Wang Pengxiang , Xiao Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of a Pearcey–Gaussian (PG) beam with Gaussian potential in the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) are investigated. In free space, varying the Lévy index offers a convenient way to control the splitting and bending angle of the beam. In the presence of Gaussian potential, with increasing propagation distance, the process is repeated in a breath-like motion. The periodicity also can be changed by adjusting the potential parameter and incident beam arguments, such as potential height, potential width and transverse wavenumber. The transmission and reflection of the beam can also be controlled by varying the potential parameters. Moreover, when a symmetrical Gaussian potential barrier is selected, total reflection is more likely to occur. These unique characteristics demonstrate the possibility of controlling the dynamics of PG beams with the FSE system.