bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of geomechanical behavior of fractures and faults in a deformable porous medium
Authors: Ranjbar Ali , Izadpanahi Amin , Ebrahimi Arash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, geomechanical behavior of fractures and faults in rocks as a saturated deformable discrete fracture-porous medium has been evaluated using coupled fluid flow-geomechanics numerical modeling. The purpose of this paper is to observe and evaluate the effects of fractures and faults on the pore pressures during fluid flow through reservoirs. This issue involves solving the equations that have been derived from the Biot consolidation theory such as fluid mass balance equation, Darcy law and momentum balance equations. Govern coupled equations were solved using the standard Galerkin finite element method for continuous porous medium. Elements called "zero-thickness elements” were also used to discretize the fault as a discontinuous part of the porous medium. In compared with the previous and similar methods, the method introduced in this paper, made modifications in either the choice of the element and the method of solving the governing equations. The main advantage of this paper is providing clear precise formulations of the double node zero-thickness element in hydro-mechanical modeling of fractures and faults. Verification of the proposed process and models presented in this paper were done by providing three index problems which their analytical and numerical solutions are available. The results of our model provide a good agreement to these reference solutions which indicates the accuracy of the method presented in this paper.
The essential norm of multiplication operators on $$L_p(\mu )$$
Authors: Voigt Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe show that the formula for the essential norm of a multiplication operator on$$L_p$$Lp, for$$1<p<\infty $$1<p<∞, also holds for$$p=1$$p=1. We also provide a proof for the formula which works simultaneously for all$$p\in [1,\infty )$$p∈[1,∞).
Exploring emotional and social competencies in undergraduate students: Perspectives from CALD and non-CALD students
Authors: Yu Mong-Lin , Brown Ted , Hewitt Alana , Cousland Robert , Lyons Carissa , Etherington Jamie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the internationalisation of higher education, students from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds represent a significant proportion of the university student body in Australia. Research literature indicates that the unique cultural and linguistic challenges experienced by these students may adversely impact their academic performance and social integration in university settings. However, less is known about how the socio-emotional competencies of undergraduate CALD and non-CALD domestic English-speaking students compare. This cross-sectional quantitative study compares the emotional and social competencies in a cohort of CALD and non-CALD occupational therapy undergraduates. Data were collected at one Australian university from a group of 360 students enrolled in the Bachelor of Occupational Therapy (Honours) course. Participants completed the Emotional and Social Competency Inventory– University edition (ESCI-U). Multivariate regression analyses were used to compare between CALD and non-CALD students, controlling for students’ year level of study, age, and gender. Key findings from the regression analysis included the observation of indicate that non-CALD students having significant higher scores than CALD students on all the ESCI-U socio-emotional subscales, especially the Emotional Self-control, Achievement Orientation, Empathy and Teamwork from western perspectives. No difference was found between CALD and non-CALD student on two cognitive competencies- systems thinking and pattern recognition. These findings should be interpreted with caution considering CALD students may interpret the questions differently and demonstrate the competencies in different ways. Specific emotional and social competencies that need to be strengthened in students are discussed and recommendations are made to inform the preparation of evidence-based curricula.
Re-imagining transdisciplinary education work through liminality: creative third space in liminal times
Authors: Kligyte Giedre , Buck Adrian , Le Hunte Bem , Ulis Sabrina , McGregor Amanda , Wilson Beth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study draws on the tradition of transdisciplinarity to extend the boundaries of interdisciplinary educational work. In this paper, we apply the concepts of liminality and third space to examine a case of a professional immersive experience (PIEx), designed in response to the catastrophic disruption of work-integrated learning opportunities by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses a participatory reflexive methodology to interrogate the range of ways liminality was manifest in PIEx. First, we examine liminal learning in the virtual environment, which facilitated the unfolding of connections between different spaces, locations and people. Second, we seek to understand the PIEx experience through the concept of third space, highlighting the fluidity of roles, where educators, students and industry partners generate new knowledge and practices together. Lastly, we examine the experience through the boundary-crossing lens of transdisciplinarity. We conclude by gesturing towards a new understanding of work integrated learning, as it could take place in the future, well beyond the walls of the university.
Inorganic ligands-mediated hole attraction and surface structural reorganization in InP/ZnS QD photocatalysts studied via ultrafast visible and midinfrared spectroscopies
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhou Ying , Abdellah Mohamed , Lin Weihua , Meng Jie , Zhao Qian , Yu Shan , Xie Zhanghui , Pan Qinying , Zhang Fengying , Pullerits Tonu , Zheng Kaibo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotoinduced carrier dynamical processes dominate the optical excitation properties of photocatalysts and further determine the photocatalytic performance. In addition, as the electrons generally possess a faster transfer rate than holes, hole transfer and accumulation are critical, and they play the key efficiency-limiting step during the photocatalytic process. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of photogenerated holes and their determining factors in the photocatalytic system is highly essential to rationalize the full catalytic mechanism and develop highly efficient photocatalysts, which have not yet been revealed. In this work, the photoinduced charge carrier dynamics in InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) capped with long-chain L-typed ligands (oleylamine) and inorganic ligands (sulfide ion (S2−)) were explored. Time-resolved photoluminescence and femtosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy unambiguously confirmed the ultrafast hole transfer from the InP core to S2− ligands. Moreover, by probing the bleach of vibrational stretching of the ligands with transient midinfrared absorption spectroscopy, the hole transfer time was determined to be 4.2 ps. The injected holes are long-lived at the S2− ligands (>4.5 ns), and they can remove electrostatically attached surfactants to compensate for the spatial charge redistribution. Finally, compared with other inorganic ligands such as Cl− and PO43−, S2− balances the ionic radii and net charge to ensure the optimal condition for charge transfer. Such observation rationalizes the excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution (213.6 µmol mg−1 within 10 h) in InP/ZnS QDs capped with S2− compared with those capped with other ligands and elucidates the role of surface ligands in the photocatalytic activity of colloidal QDs.
Differenzierungen und Klassifikationen entlang von Religion und Migration in der Schule. Symbolische Grenzziehung als pädagogische Praxis
Authors: Kahle Lena 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungSchulen geben nicht nur Wissen an Schüler*innen weiter, sondern sind auch Orte, an denen Gruppenidentitäten gebildet werden und an denen gesellschaftliche Einstellungen, Konflikte und Diversität reproduziert werden. Ebenso finden in Schulen Unterscheidungen statt, die zu Ungleichheiten und Ausgrenzungen führen können. Das Konzept der symbolischen Grenzziehung ist für die Analyse dieser Gruppenidentitäten und der sie trennenden Grenzen fruchtbar. Bisherige Forschungen haben gezeigt, dass in von Migration geprägten Gesellschaften Religion zu einer zentralen Kategorie für solche Grenzziehungen geworden ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf Konflikte und Kontroversen im Bildungskontext – in deutschen Schulen – entlang religiöser Zugehörigkeiten von Schülern. Dabei analysiert der Artikel Interviews mit Lehrkräften, in denen pädagogische Praktiken als eine Form der Grenzziehung zum Ausdruck kommen. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, was Aspekte der Grenzziehung in pädagogischen Unterrichtspraktiken sind (wenn Religion und Migration im Unterricht impliziert werden).Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Übersetzung der schwierigen Lehrkraft-Schüler*in-Interaktion versucht, den Raum für didaktische Prinzipien zu öffnen, aber auch in manifeste Grenzziehung umschlägt, um Autorität zu erlangen. Das Material wurde in zwei Schritten analysiert: Zunächst wurden halboffene Experteninterviews nach der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse kodiert, welchem sich eine Tiefenanalyse ausgewählter Interviewsegmente anschließt.
Autonomous Overtaking for Intelligent Vehicles Considering Social Preference Based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lu Hongliang , Lu Chao , Yu Yang , Xiong Guangming , Gong Jianwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs intelligent vehicles usually have complex overtaking process, a safe and efficient automated overtaking system (AOS) is vital to avoid accidents caused by wrong operation of drivers. Existing AOSs rarely consider longitudinal reactions of the overtaken vehicle (OV) during overtaking. This paper proposed a novel AOS based on hierarchical reinforcement learning, where the longitudinal reaction is given by a data-driven social preference estimation. This AOS incorporates two modules that can function in different overtaking phases. The first module based on semi-Markov decision process and motion primitives is built for motion planning and control. The second module based on Markov decision process is designed to enable vehicles to make proper decisions according to the social preference of OV. Based on realistic overtaking data, the proposed AOS and its modules are verified experimentally. The results of the tests show that the proposed AOS can realize safe and effective overtaking in scenes built by realistic data, and has the ability to flexibly adjust lateral driving behavior and lane changing position when the OVs have different social preferences.
Biogas residue biochar integrated with phosphate from its ash for the effective recovery of nutrients from piggery biogas slurry
Authors: Luo Zifeng , Wen Hongping , Zhang Haotian , Li Yunliang , Mai Xueyi , Zhang Yulong , Wang Jinjin , Li Yongtao , Zhang Zhen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation generally requires an external phosphorus source to increase the recovery of NH4+-N from biogas slurry. However, P-rich piggery biogas residue has been ignored as a phosphorus source. In this study, biogas residue was carbonized into biogas residue biochar (BRC), followed by acid leaching to synthesize functionalized BRC and release PO43−-P from its ash as the phosphorus source. The effects of different acids on the leaching efficiency and morphological changes of P in BRC were investigated, and NH4+-N and PO43−-P in the biogas slurry were recovered with functionalized BRC and MAP precipitation. The results showed that oxalic acid-hydrochloric acid mixed acid could leach more than 96% of P in BRC, while weakening the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ on MAP precipitation. The BRC was mainly composed of inorganic P, and most nonapatite IP and apatite P (Ca3(PO4)2) were leached during acid leaching, with the latter more easily leached. Under optimal recovery conditions, the method had a significant recovery effect on NH4+-N (96.4%) and PO43−-P (99.3%) in biogas slurry. The recovery of NH4+-N and PO43−-P by functionalized BRC was mainly through chemical precipitation (forming NH4MgPO4·H2O precipitate) while bonding with -OH, C = O and C-H functional groups. The final recovery product was also a BRC-based slow-release N-P fertilizer rich in struvite. This study solved the disposal problems of P-rich biogas residue and N-rich biogas slurry while providing an innovative technology for the resource utilization of faecal sewage at pig farms.
Graphical Abstract
UCE sequencing-derived mitogenomes reveal the timing of mitochondrial replacement in Malagasy shrew tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae, Microgale)
Authors: Arnold Patrick , Rutschmann Sereina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMalagasy shrew tenrecs (Microgale) have increasingly been used to study speciation genetics over the last years. A previous study recently uncovered gene flow between the Shrew-toothed shrew tenrec (M. soricoides) and sympatric southern population of the Pale shrew tenrec (M. fotsifotsy). This gene flow has been suggested to be accompanied by complete mitochondrial replacement in M. fotsifotsy. To explore the temporal framework of this replacement, we assembled mitogenomes from publicly available sequencing data of ultra-conserved elements. We were able to assemble complete and partial mitogenomes for 19 specimens from five species of shrew tenrecs, which represents a multifold increase in mitogenomic resources available for all tenrecs. Phylogenetic inferences and sequence simulations support the close relationship between the mitochondrial lineages of M. soricoides and the southern population of M. fotsifotsy. Based on the nuclear divergence of northern and southern populations of M. fotsifotsy and the mitochondrial divergence between the latter and M. soricoides, there was a mean time window for replacement of ~ 350,000 years. This timeframe implies that the effective size of the ancestral M. fotsifotsy southern population was less 70,000.
Recent advances in nanoparticle-based targeting tactics for antibacterial photodynamic therapy
Authors: Thomas-Moore Brydie A. , del Valle Carla Arnau , Field Robert A. , Marín María J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The rise of antibacterial drug resistance means treatment options are becoming increasingly limited. We must find ways to tackle these hard-to-treat drug-resistant and biofilm infections. With the lack of new antibacterial drugs (such as antibiotics) reaching the clinics, research has switched focus to exploring alternative strategies. One such strategy is antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), a system that relies on light, oxygen, and a non-toxic dye (photosensitiser) to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. This technique has already been shown capable of handling both drug-resistant and biofilm infections but has limited clinical approval to date, which is in part due to the low bioavailability and selectivity of hydrophobic photosensitisers. Nanotechnology-based techniques have the potential to address the limitations of current aPDT, as already well-documented in anti-cancer PDT. Here, we review recent advances in nanoparticle-based targeting tactics for aPDT.

Graphical Abstract
Role of gender and political connectedness after extreme events in coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Zakia , Mallick Bishawjit , Biswas Bangkim , Swarnokar Sadhon Chandra , Biswas Dipika , Brahma Partha Pratim , Kaizer Abdullah Bin , Roy Tapati , Tamim Md. Yahya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on how gender and political engagement contribute to disaster management in Bangladesh, specifically in disaster relief and rehabilitation. It is based on empirical evidence from southwest coastal Bangladesh, particularly in Dacope Upazila, and applies a mixed-method approach. Results show that gender has a significant influence on the acquisition of post-disaster relief and rehabilitation supports. Females, including those widowed and divorced, get more relief than males. Nevertheless, older women are not given priority for aftermath disaster relief. Moreover, gender plays a vital role in the household’s overall economic strength and is crucial for disaster resilience. Furthermore, respondents’ families who were, in some way, closely connected with local social and political leaders, obtained more relief and aids. The results indicate that socio-political connectedness, irrespective of gender, still dominates local decision-making processes in disaster recovery. Alongside women’s empowerment, regular monitoring and evaluation of relief and rehabilitation programs must improve, to reduce the traditional barriers to effective disaster management (arising from (dis)connectedness to local social power) in the face of climate change.
The EU and law in context: the context
Authors: Harlow Carol 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that the contextual study of European Community law, later European Union law, has contributed to a richer understanding of EC/EU law. This review proposes a contextual reconstruction and analysis of EC/EU law in context, or what is the same, it considers the institutions, milieus and debates which fostered the analysis and assessment of EC and EU law as ‘an intricate web of politics, economics and law’, at the same time that facilitated the development of critical self-consciousness about the underlying assumptions that scholars (including contextual scholars) bring to their study of law. This is done by engaging with the work of Francis Snyder, and in particular, with his groundbreaking collection “New Directions in European Community law”.
Protein detection by fluorescence of manually cleaned high-speed dental handpieces
Authors: Souza Fábio B. , Bruna Camila Q.M. , Mesiano Rosa A.B. , Cicarelli Regina M.B. , Perrett David , Graziano Kazuko U. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe analyzed the effectiveness of manual cleaning protocols performed on high-speed dental handpieces, using protein identification by fluorescence. Although one protocol was able to able to lower the amount of protein, >40% of the handpieces showed amounts of residual protein at unacceptable levels.
Restrictive interventions on a psychiatric admission ward before and after COVID-19
Authors: Feeney L. , Bonner N. , McAndrew J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectives:Restrictive interventions (seclusion, restraint and special observations) are used on psychiatric wards when there are no other means available to keep a patient or others safe. These measures can be traumatic, and the Mental Health Commission and the Health Service Executive are focused on minimising their use. We set out to determine whether, following a COVID related reduction in bed numbers on a high dependency psychiatric ward in St John of God Hospital in Dublin, there was a change in their incidence.Methods:Data on restrictive interventions and challenging behaviours were gathered for 9-month periods before and after March 2020 when COVID related ward changes took place. Figures were also collected on seclusion and restraint for the previous 18 months for a longer-term view. Ward and hospital occupancy levels were also recorded.Results:Between the two time periods, episodes of seclusion fell by 53% and episodes of restraint by 56%. The hours devoted to special observation declined by 30% and incidents of challenging behaviours fell by 26%. Ward occupancy levels fell by only 5%. The longer-term comparison of figures for seclusion and restraint point towards a downward trend from mid-2019 that was accentuated in the post-COVID period.Conclusions:The changes found may relate to reduced crowding on the ward or other COVID related factors such as the emphasis on social distancing and a shared sense of purpose on the ward. The longer-term trend points towards an emerging cultural shift. The challenge now is to sustain and build upon these changes.
Between Nationalism, Exoticism, and Social Distinction: The Spanish Lyric Drama in the 19th Century
Authors: Andreu-Miralles Xavier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAttempts to create a national opera in Spain repeatedly failed throughout the 19th century. Some authors have attributed this phenomenon to a deficit in the nationalization process. Others, to the contrary, have proved that there was a strong sense of Spanish national musicality from the middle of the 19th century onward. This article tries to explain this paradox underlining some essential elements that are not always attended by specialists: the importance of transnational, social, and economic dynamics that interfered in the process of the cultural construction of modern national identities. The projects of the Spanish nationalist intellectuals of the 19th century in relation to the definition of a national music were marked by the Romantic construction of Spanish musical exoticism, the new industry of entertainment, the existential situation of Spanish musicians, the formation of new artistic and musical fields, and the appearance of new forms of social distinction in the aftermath of the Spanish Liberal Revolution of the 1830s.
Housing assessment in farms in the Northwest of Spain: main facility weaknesses and strengths
Authors: Verdes Sonia , Yáñez Uxía , Trillo Yolanda , Herradón Pedro G. , Peña Ana I. , Becerra Juan J. , Quintela Luis A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this research communication was to examine and report the current situation of dairy farms in the province of Lugo (Galicia, Spain) regarding facility problems. We assessed the facilities of 168 free-stall dairy farms, housing in total 9228 Holstein cows in milk. Housing factors related to the resting area, circulation area, feeding area, ventilation area and milking area, as well as animal-handling features, were evaluated. Distance measurements were performed using a laser metre or a roll metric tape. A survey was conducted to gather information about cleaning and preventive protocols. Our results showed that most farms do not comply with the objective for cubicle measurements, width of the crossovers, type of flooring and presence of a quarantine pen, which may have a negative impact on the health and productivity of the animals. Therefore, to maximise the profits of the farm, the recommendations given in this study may be useful as a guide when building a new farm or remodelling the existing ones.
Learning speaker- and addressee-centered demonstratives in Ticuna
Authors: SKILTON Amalia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the acquisition of demonstratives (e.g., this/that, here/there) by 45 children (1;0 – 4;11) learning Ticuna, an Indigenous Amazonian language with an unusually complex demonstrative system. I analyzed 89 10-minute samples from video recordings of child-caregiver interaction, examining how often children and caregivers produced each demonstrative type, as well as relationships among children’s age, children’s demonstrative production, and caregivers’ production. Caregivers’ demonstrative production displayed few relationships with children’s age or production. Children produced speaker-proximal and speaker-distal demonstratives (this near me, that far from me) earlier in developmental time than addressee-proximal demonstratives (that near you), and nominal (this/that) demonstratives earlier than locative (here/there) ones. Compared to caregivers, children overused speaker-proximal demonstratives, but used other demonstrative types with adult-like frequency beginning at 2;0. These results support the view that cognitive biases toward egocentric, proximal, and semantically simpler items substantially influence children’s acquisition of demonstratives.