bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the thermal oxidation behavior of Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy in dry air
Authors: Mohamed Lamiaa Z. , Abd Elmomen Sanaa S. , El‐Hadad Shimaa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe thermal oxidation behavior of a forged Ti–6Al–7Nb (Ti67) alloy was investigated in dry air conditions. The alloy specimens were oxidized for 50 h at different temperatures (650°C, 750°C, and 850°C) and the oxidation kinetics were analyzed. The microstructure of Ti67 after oxidation and the different phases and compounds were identified. A parabolic equation based on weight gain was used to define the oxidation rate. The parabolic rate constant increased from 1.10 × 10−8at 650°C to 2.10 × 10−8and 1.53 × 10−7g2/(cm4·h) at 750°C and 850°C, respectively. At 650°C, the oxidation behavior resumed the parabolic behavior until 40 h, a breakaway phenomenon. At 750°C, a linear behavior was observed in the periods of 20–50 h. This linear trend appeared also after 35–50 h at 850°C. The activation energy was found to be 238.4 kJ/mole. At the lowest oxidation temperature (650°C), a disconnected oxide layer was observed. These variations in the response of Ti67 alloy to the different thermal oxidation conditions are worthy of consideration when modifying the surfaces for biomedical applications.
Characterization of effective phytochemicals in traditional Chinese medicine by mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Chung‐Yu , Li Yen‐Hsien , Li Zuguang , Lee Maw‐Rong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been widely used in clinical and healthcare applications around the world. The characterization of the phytochemical components in TCMs is very important for studying the therapeutic mechanism of TCMs. In the analysis process, sample preparation and instrument analysis are key steps to improve analysis performance and accuracy. In recent years, chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used for the separation and detection of trace components in complex TCM samples. This article reviews various sample preparation techniques and chromatography‐MS techniques, including the application of gas chromatography‐MS and liquid chromatography‐MS and other MS techniques in the characterization of phytochemicals in TCM materials and Chinese medicine products. This article also describes a new ambient ionization MS method for rapid and high‐throughput analysis of TCM components.
Analysentechnik: Nanopartikelanalyse erweitert
Authors: Schuldes Isabel , Fronk Vanessa , Unruh Tobias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMit einer Kombination aus dynamischer Lichtstreuung, Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung und elektrophoretischer Lichtstreuung lässt sich eine wässrige Dispersion von nanopartikulärem Coenzym Q10 charakterisieren.
Nonreductive homolytic scission of endoperoxide bond for activation of artemisinin: A parallel mechanism to Heterolytic cleavage
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Ali Md. Ehesan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArtemisinin is the most successful antimalarial drug against malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Despite its tremendous success and popularity in malaria therapeutics, the molecular mechanism of artemisinin's activity is still elusive. The activation of artemisinin, i.e., cleavage of the endoperoxide bond at the infected cell that generates radical intermediates and the subsequent chemical rearrangements, plays a key role in the antimalarial activities. In this work, adopting state‐of‐the‐art computational techniques based on the spin‐constrained density functional theory (CDFT) along with ab initio thermodynamics, we have investigated the activation of artemisinin by two different pathways, homolytic and heterolytic cleavage. The homolytic scission of the endoperoxide bond is further followed by subsequent chemical reactions that propagate via biradical intermediates. Here we report that the free energy of activation of artemisinin associated with the homolytic cleavage is less (21.77 kcal/mol) than the heterolytic cleavage (23.64 kcal/mol). The nonreductive homolytic cleavage of the endoperoxide bond is thermodynamically slightly favorable. Thus, the latter could occur in parallel with the heterolytic activation of the artemisinin.
Tolerance and acceptance of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement in cirrhosis (CHESS1904): An international multicenter study
Authors: Sun Jun‐Hui , Zhao He , Zhang Haijun , Li Lei , Örmeci Necati , Yu Zi‐Niu , Li Xun , Li Shuangxi , Yang Xujun , Wei Huaping , Zhu Xiaoliang , Zhang Zhengcong , Wang Yajin , Zhao Zhongwei , Mao Jianting , Wu Qiaohong , Sun Xiaole , Xiang Huiling , Jia Kefeng , Yang Chao , Wu Wei , Lin Xiuqing , Yao Haixin , Zuo Changzeng , Wang Jitao , Zhang Bo , Zhang Chunqing , Wu Xiaoling , Wang Guangchuan , Yao Shengjuan , Wang Ruihang , Zhou Li , Huan Hui , Tu Qingli , Pu Xue , Zhang Feng , Yin Qin , Zhang Linpeng , Guo Ying , Wang Jian , Kotani Kohei , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Kawada Norifumi , Zhu He , Li Li , Wang Wei , Zhang Guo , Yu Lei , Cui Xudong , Zhu Qingliang , Zhang Hailong , Hu Xiaoli , Ximenes Rafael O. , Gonçalves de Araújo Adriano , Gardenghi Giulliano , Zheng Yubao , Wu Zebin , Huang Mingsheng , Chen Xiaoyong , Wu Jun , Xie Feng , Bo Yang , Hu Shengjuan , Ma Linke , Li Xiao , Qi Xiaolong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the tolerance and acceptance of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurements in patients with liver cirrhosis.MethodsThis prospective international multicenter study included 271 patients with cirrhosis who were scheduled to undergo HVPG measurement between October 2019 and June 2020. Data related to the tolerance and acceptance of HVPG measurements were collected using descriptive questionnaires.ResultsHVPG measurements were technically successful in all 271 patients, with 141 (52.0%) undergoing HVPG measurement alone. The complication rate was 0.4%. Postoperative pain was significantly lower than preoperative expected pain (p < 0.001) and intraoperative pain (p < 0.001), and intraoperative pain was also significantly lower than preoperative expected pain (p = 0.036). No, mild, moderate, severe, and intolerable discomfort scores were reported by 36.9%, 44.6%, 11.1%, 6.3%, and 0.4% of these patients, respectively, during HVPG measurement and by 54.6% 32.5%, 11.4%, 1.5%, and 0%, respectively, after HVPG measurement. Of these patients, 39.5% had little understanding and 10% had no understanding of the value of HVPG measurement, with 35.1% and 4.1% regarding HVPG measurements as being of little or no help, respectively. Most patients reported that they would definitely (15.5%), probably (46.9%), or possibly (29.9%) choose to undergo additional HVPG measurements again, and 62.7% regarded the cost of the procedure as acceptable.ConclusionHVPG measurement was safe and well‐tolerated in patients with cirrhosis, but patient education and communication are warranted to improve the acceptance of this procedure.
Plastic bronchitis secondary to bocavirus in a previously healthy 4‐year‐old with negative lymphatic evaluation
Authors: Leon Cynara , Tsukahara Katharine , Boggs Kaitlyn , Phinizy Pelton 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis case of a child presenting with severe acute respiratory failure requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to plastic bronchitis demonstrates the possibility of developing this rare condition despite having no known underlying inflammatory or lymphatic issues. The normal lymphatic anatomy and flow in our patient several weeks after the acute illness suggests a transient lymphatic flow abnormality possibly driven by the acute lower respiratory tract infection with human bocavirus‐1 (HBoV1). As there are now four patients in the literature identified with Plastic bronchitis (PB) in the setting of HBoV1, it may be beneficial to include HBoV1 in the initial workup of patients with unknown etiology of PB. While routine use of MR lymphangiography is not warranted, we wonder if the procedure might help realize lymphatic flow abnormalities crucial to the pathophysiology if it can be performed safely in the acute setting. The heterogeneous population presents a challenge when studying PB, thus future studies are needed to elucidate the complex pathophysiology, guide management, and better understand prognosis.
A mutation in chitin synthase I associated with etoxazole resistance in the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its uneven geographical distribution in Japan
Authors: Tadatsu Misono , Sakashita Ryota , Panteleri Rafaela , Douris Vassilis , Vontas John , Shimotsuma Yushi , Ishida Tatsuya , Sudo Masaaki , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Osakabe Masahiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐levels of etoxazole resistance have not yet been frequently reported in Panonychus citri. Although a highly resistant strain was discovered in 2014, etoxazole resistance has not become a significant problem in areas of citrus production in Japan. A target site mutation in chitin synthase 1 (CHS1), I1017F, is a major etoxazole‐resistance factor in Tetranychus urticae. To investigate the mechanisms of etoxazole resistance and the dispersal of resistance genes, we analyzed target‐site mutations in a highly resistant strain and their geographical distribution in Japan.RESULTSHigh‐level etoxazole resistance was completely recessive. The I1017F mutation was detected in CHS1 of the highly resistant strain, and its frequency was correlated with the hatchability of eggs treated with etoxazole. Sequencing and variant frequency analyses of local populations by quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that I1017F is restricted to the Ariake Sea area of Kyushu Island. Although a new nonsynonymous substitution, S1016L, accompanied by I1017F was found in CHS1 of the highly resistant strain, CRISPR/Cas9 engineering of flies showed that S1016L had no effect on the etoxazole resistance conferred by I1017F.CONCLUSIONI1017F is a major target site mutation that confers high‐level etoxazole resistance on P. citri. Dispersion of I1017F possibly was suppressed as a result of the completely recessive inheritance of resistance together with low gene flow between local populations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
An electrical vortex air‐assisted spraying system for improving droplet deposition on rice
Authors: Qiu Wei , Guo Hongbin , Cao Yubin , Li Xiaolong , Wu Jianhao , Chen Yunfu , Yu Hongfeng , Zhang Zhengwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo improve droplet deposition rates at the base of rice, an electrical vortex air‐assisted spraying system for small‐ and medium‐sized high‐clearance boom sprayers was developed. This system uses vortex airflows to guide droplets to the base of rice and the back of leaves, as well as to increase leaf perturbation and droplet penetration and deposition.ResultsThe spatial distribution of the airflow field generated by this system and the effects of the canopy on the airflow field were described. An orthogonal experiment was performed in a rice field based on fan speed, auxiliary airflow angle, and spray height as the experimental factors. It was discovered that a fan speed of 4000 rpm, auxiliary airflow angle of 0°, and spray height of 30 cm were optimal for droplet deposition at the base of the canopy. These settings resulted in droplet coverage of 54.5% and 35.9% on the front and back of the leaves, respectively, which are 48% and 104% higher than that on the front and back sides of leaves without an auxiliary airflow, respectively.ConclusionCompared with the traditional application method, vortex air‐assisted application significantly improved the rate of droplet coverage in rice canopy of different area. Hence, vortex air‐assisted application enables new approaches and methods for rice crop protection. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigation on the binary ionization choices for large conjugated amines during electrospray ionization
Authors: Tan Siyuan , Yin Xinchi , Feng Lulu , Wang Juduo , Li Chang , Jiang You , Gong Xiaoyun , Fang Xiang , Dai Xinhua 
Published: May 2022

RationaleGenerally, amines form protonated cations ([M + H]+) in positive polarity during electrospray ionization (ESI). However, it was found that large conjugated amines (LCAs) had binary ionization choices of generating either radical cations (M•+) or [M + H]+ during ESI. Investigation on the mechanism would further our understanding of ESI.MethodsIn this work, the binary ionization behavior of LCAs was reported and studied. Internal factors (functional groups and sizes of conjugated systems) and external factors (solvent type, flow rate, and electrode position) were systematically investigated and discussed.ResultsFor the internal factors, electron‐donating groups and large conjugated structures of LCAs were conducive to the generation of M•+. For the external factors, aprotic solvent, higher flow rate, and shorter distance from the electrode to the spray cone facilitated the formation of M•+ but hampered the generation of [M + H]+.ConclusionThe present study illustrated that the formations of M•+ and [M + H]+ for LCAs were two independent processes. The M•+ cations of LCAs were formed on the surface of the electrode through electrochemical oxidation, whereas the [M + H]+ cations were generated following the typical ESI evolution process. By regulating the external factors, the ionization results of LCAs could be well modulated.
An Optimally Designed Engineering Exosome–Reductive COF Integrated Nanoagent for Synergistically Enhanced Diabetic Fester Wound Healing
Authors: Sun Baohong , Wu Fan , Wang Xinye , Song Qiuxian , Ye Ziqiu , Mohammadniaei Mohsen , Zhang Ming , Chu Xiaohong , Xi Sheng , Zhou Ninglin , Wang Wentao , Yao Cheng , Shen Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOxidative stress and local overactive inflammation have been considered major obstacles in diabetic wound treatment. Although antiphlogistic tactics have been reported widely, they are also challenged by pathogen contamination and compromised angiogenesis. Herein, a versatile integrated nanoagent based on 2D reductive covalent organic frameworks coated with antibacterial immuno‐engineered exosome (PCOF@E‐Exo) is reported to achieve efficient and comprehensive combination therapy for diabetic wounds. The E‐Exo is collected from TNF‐α‐treated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under hypoxia and encapsulated cationic antimicrobial carbon dots (CDs). This integrated nanoagent not only significantly scavenges reactive oxygen species and induces anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, but also stabilizes hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). More importantly, the PCOF@E‐Exo exhibits intriguing bactericide capabilities toward Gram‐negative, Gram‐positive, and drug‐resistant bacteria, showing favorable intracellular bacterial destruction and biofilm permeation. In vivo results demonstrate that the synergetic impact of suppressing oxidative injury and tissue inflammation, promoting angiogenesis and eradicating bacterial infection, could significantly accelerate the infected diabetic fester wound healing with better therapeutic benefits than monotherapy or individual antibiotics. The proposed strategy can inspire further research to design more delicate platforms using the combination of immunotherapy with other therapeutic methods for more efficient ulcerated diabetic wounds treatments.
Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Solar Cells with Simultaneously Improved Mechanical Robustness and Morphological Stability Enabled by a Universal Crosslinking Strategy
Authors: Wang Zhenye , Zhang Di , Xu Meichen , Liu Junfeng , He Jiayi , Yang Lvpeng , Li Zhilin , Gao Yerun , Shao Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) with excellent mechanical robustness and long‐term operation stability is highly demanded for practical applications. Here, the representative PM6/Y6 active layer film, crosslinked by a photo‐crosslinkable small molecule 2,6‐bis(4‐azidobenzylidene)cyclohexanone (BAC) containing azide groups, exhibits a significantly enhanced stretchability of 18% and toughness of 6.94 MJ m−3, compared to non‐crosslinked film (stretchability of 4.5% and toughness of 0.75 MJ m−3). It is found that controlling the crosslinking density, including crosslinker concentration and crosslinking time, plays a vital impact on the stretchability and mechanical toughness of active layer film. The resulting intrinsically stretchable OSCs achieve a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.4% and retain 80% of its performance even under the large strain of 20%. To date, this is the highest PCE for intrinsically stretchable OSCs based on small molecular acceptors. Moreover, crosslinking of active layer film suppresses the crystallization of PM6 polymer chains and avoids the excessive aggregation of small molecular acceptors under thermal heating or light illumination, leading to a stabilized film morphology and significantly improved device stability. Overall, these results provide a universal strategy to simultaneously enhance the mechanical properties and stability of OSCs without sacrificing their photovoltaic performance.
The impact of chief diversity officers on diverse faculty hiring
Authors: Bradley Steven W. , Garven James R. , Law Wilson W. , West James E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRacial diversity among faculty, students, and administrators is increasing at universities in the United States. These changes have been uneven, with growth in underrepresented students exceeding that of faculty diversity. To address these and other inequities, a growing number of universities have established an executive‐level chief diversity officer (CDO). Our study offers a first empirical examination of this effort at selected 4‐year U.S. universities from 2001 to 2019 using unique data on the initial hiring date of a CDO and publicly available demographic data. We provide a comprehensive overview of demographic trends within our data and find confidence intervals around the estimated instantaneous average treatment effect for an executive‐level CDO on diverse hiring tightly contain zero. Estimated treatment effects are small and lack statistical significance within 4 years of a CDO position being established. We discuss other possible factors that explain trends toward higher diversity on campus and several possible constraints.
Organization virtualization driven by artificial intelligence
Authors: Li Mengfan , Xie Yongping , Gao Yuge , Zhao Yanan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of Internet technology and artificial intelligence, information technology has shown a trend of exponential growth. To improve the core competitiveness, the organization's boundaries gradually disappear and move towards virtualization. Virtualization is an effective form of organizational development in the information age. Based on the literature review regarding artificial intelligence and the related theories of organizational virtualization, this paper focuses on analysing the phased impact of the application of artificial intelligence on the virtualization of internal operations and the virtualization of interorganizational cooperation.
An evaluation framework of IT‐enabled service‐oriented manufacturing
Authors: Sun Yu , He Yuming , Yu Haiqing , Wang Hecheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractService‐oriented manufacturing (SOM) strategy is a new manufacturing mode by integrating servitization with the traditional manufacturing industry. As a vital paradigm of manufacturing transformation and upgrading, SOM is conducive to bringing new business opportunities to enterprises and thus increasing their competitive advantages, especially in the IT‐enabled industry. This study reviews the key drivers and significant developments in IT‐enabled SOM. An evaluation framework for IT‐enabled SOM is proposed to enrich the theoretical research related to SOM and provide a reference for the enterprises that aim to upgrade.
Transition to language: From agent perception to event representation
Authors: Zuberbühler Klaus , Bickel Balthasar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpoken language, as we have it, requires specific capacities—at its most basic advanced vocal control and complex social cognition. In humans, vocal control is the basis for speech, achieved through coordinated interactions of larynx activity and rapid changes in vocal tract configurations. Most likely, speech evolved in response to early humans perceiving reality in increasingly complex ways, to the effect that primate‐like signaling became unsustainable as a sole communication device. However, in what ways did and do humans see the world in more complex ways compared to other species? Although animal signals can refer to external events, in contrast to humans, they usually refer to the agents only, sometimes in compositional ways, but never together with patients. It may be difficult for animals to comprehend events as part of larger social scripts, with antecedent causes and future consequences, which are more typically tie the patient into the event. Human brain enlargement over the last million years probably has provided the cognitive resources to represent social interactions as part of bigger social scripts, which enabled humans to go beyond an agent‐focus to refer to agent–patient relations, the likely foundation for the evolution of grammar.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Linguistics > Evolution of Language
Psychology > Comparative
Induced Mutagenesis and In Vitro Mutant Population Development in Musa spp.
Authors: Jankowicz-Cieslak Joanna , Goessnitzer Florian , Till Bradley J. , Ingelbrecht Ivan L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMutagenesis of in vitro propagated bananas is an efficient method to introduce novel alleles and broaden genetic diversity. Mutations can be induced by treatment of plant cells with chemical mutagens or ionizing radiation. The FAO/IAEA Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory established efficient methods for mutation induction of in vitro shoot tips in banana using physical and chemical mutagens as well as methods for the efficient discovery of EMS-induced single nucleotide mutations in targeted genes or amplicons and identification of large genomic changes, including deletions and insertions. Mutagenesis of in vitro propagated tissues requires large populations serving as starting material, and a long process to dissolve genetic mosaics (chimeras) resulting from the mutagenesis of multicellular tissues. However, treating shoot apical meristems of tissue cultured bananas with a mutagen is a commonly used practice for banana mutation breeding programmes, and still the most effective. In our previous studies, we showed that chimeras, unique mutations accumulated in different cells of the plant propagule, could be rapidly removed via isolation of shoot apical meristems and subsequent longitudinal bisection. Further, induced mutations were maintained in mutant plants for several generations. We established such systems for inducing and maintaining both point mutations caused via EMS mutagenesis as well as insertions and deletions caused by gamma irradiation and describe hereafter methods for dose selection, gamma irradiation and chimera dissolution.