bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lobbying: Its Role in and Impact on the US Government System
Authors: Gorovaya Ya. I. , Kremyanskaya E. A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The article provides an overview of lobbying regulations in the United States. The US lobbying legislation is an integral part of the whole country legislation system, with its regulations helping, in particular, to make the influence exerted by lobbyists on the decision-making process transparent. The statusquo of lobbying anywhere except the US, Canada and the European Union is nonidentical as there still have not been enacted any direct laws and statutory instruments regulating this field elsewhere [8].Lobbying is thus apt to be misinterpreted due to its misperceiving and insufficient awareness. Consequently, the myth that “bribing” is an equitable sobriquet for “lobbying” is still going strong and has yet to be dissected. The author delves into the origins and history of lobbying in the US, tracing its enhancement and indicating legal loopholes still remaining despite seemingly exhaustive disclosure required. The author equally inquiries into theoretical justifications for regulating lobbying from deliberative democratic theory. “Grassroots lobbying” and “shadow lobbying” constitute likewise matters of concern to the article.Materials and methods. The author employs both general and specialized scientific methods in the study. The issue of US lobbying development is addressed by means of historical method. In detecting legal loopholes and propounding other approaches used in relation to them either on federal level or in certain states, a comparative legal analysis and a logical method are combined.Study results. The research has revealed that lobbying activities in general and lobbying practices in particular unfold at every level of government. The acts adopted throughout the US lobbying history provide a range of definitions for the terms “lobbyist” and “lobby groups”, clarify the status of lobbyists and circumscribe the cases of obligatory disclosure of lobbying activities. Lobbying appears to be a thriving field due to it exerting immense influence on legislative process, as well as the outcome of the elections. Last but not least, the study has ascertained the US lobbying system as the one attempting not to leave any of lobbying activities opaque from public perspective by means of eliminating legal loopholes. Thus, lobbying regulations significantly contribute to fostering transparency and democracy overall.Discussion and conclusion. From our perspective, lobbying exists even when unregulated, hence not only its regulations do not constitute corruption, but they can also serve as a means of outlawing the latter by bringing policy makers under close scrutiny, i.e. establishing certain limitations pertaining their interactions with lobbyists and lobby groups hence the decision-making process. With the aforesaid aim, as well as with the aim of keeping the decision-making process transparent in general, lobbying legislation in the US has been gradually developing in scale and sophistication to eventually encompass the vast number of lobbying interactions.
Imunomodulator Activity of Three Types “Kayu Kuning” Borneo
Authors: Palupi Dwi Hadi Setya , Sulistiarini Riski , Siregar Vita Olivia 
Published: July 2022

The immune system is a system that plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the body against the dangers that various foreign objects can cause. Immunomodulators are substances or substances that can change/modify the immune system. Empirically, Kayu Kuning or Yellow Wood is used as a cleaner for post-partum conditions. Yellow wood in East Kalimantan is the name for three species, namely Arcangelisia Flava, Fibraurea tinctoria, and Coscinium fensteratum. With the approach of improving the immune system and metabolism, immunomodulatory tests carried out on three types of yellow wood found in Borneo Island. The immunomodulatory activity of Yellow wood steam extract in the non-specific immune response test used phagocytic index and organ index parameters where BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into 16 treatment groups which included a normal group, an immunostimulant comparison group (Levamisole 2.5 mg/kg body weight), an immunosuppressant comparison group (Methylprednisolone 40mg/kg BW), a test extract group with a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, for the ethanolic extracts of A. Flava, F. tinctoria and C. fenestratum, respectively. Based on the study results, it means that the methanol extract of A. Flava methanol extract had immunostimulating activity, while the methanol extract of F. tinctoria and C. fenestratum showed an immunosuppressant effect
Class Struggle Seen in Ernest Jones’ Three Selected Poems: The Song of The Poor, The Song The Lower Classes, and A Song for People
Authors: Fijai Andi Ahmad , Pujiati Hat , Setiawan Ikwan 
Published: July 2022

This article discusses class struggle of the working class through Ernest Jones’ three selected poems: The Song of The Poor, The Song of The Lower Classes, and A Song for People in the Industrial Revolution era in England. Industrial Revolution is a shift in goods production from human power into mechanical power. This research uses Michael Riffaterre’s Semiotics of Poetry theory to find out the meaning and significance of the chosen poems and uses some opinions and history as hypogram to portray the class struggle of the workers in Industrial Revolution era. The result of this research shows that these poems articulate the voices of the working class in struggling to get justice against the ruling class. AbstrakArtikel ini membahas tentang perjuangan kelas pekerja di tiga puisi pilihan karya Ernest Jones: The Song of The Poor, The Song of The Lower Classes, dan A Song for People di era Revolusi Industri di Inggris. Revolusi Industri adalah perubahan cara produksi barang yang awalnya menggunakan tenaga manusia menjadi tenaga mekanik. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Semiotika Puisi oleh Michael Riffaterre untuk mengetahui meaning (makna) dan significance (arti) puisi yang terpilih dan menggunakan beberapa opini dan sejarah sebagai hipogram untuk menggambarkan perjuangan kelas pekerja di era Revolusi Industri. Hasil penelitian ini mengeksplorasi perjuangan para pekerja di era Revolusi Industri. Jones melalui puisinya mengartikulasikan suara-suara kelas pekerja dalam perjuangannya mendapatkan keadilan melawan kelas pengusa.
Paanthungi, Puisi Lisan Gorontalo sebagai Media Pemertahanan Bahasa Daerah
Authors: Hinta Ellyana , Ntelu Asna , Djou Dakia , Zulkipli NFN 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe Panthungi, Gorontalo's oral poetry as a medium for maintaining local languages. This research is descriptive in nature which is the result of a literature review related to Paanthungi. Therefore, the method used is a qualitative descriptive method. This method is intended to describe Gorontalo Oral Poetry as a Regional Language Defense Media. The data collection technique is in the form of a documentation technique by digging back into literature studies related to the Gorontalo Pantun which can be used as a medium for maintaining regional languages. The results showed that Paanthungi is a social rhyme that is sung to the accompaniment of music, dances, or without music, and is used when welcoming guests or used in traditional rituals in Gorontalo. Paanthungi or pantun is an art that needs to be developed and maintained by the people of Gorontalo because in addition to being entertaining, paanthungi also plays a very important role in protecting the Gorontalo regional language from extinction. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan Panthungi, puisi lisan Gorontalo sebagai media pemertahanan bahasa daerah. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yang merupakan hasil kajian studi pustaka terkait dengan Paanthungi. Oleh sebab itu, metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode ini dimaksudkan untuk mendiskripsikan Puisi Lisan Gorontalo Sebagai Media Pemertahanan Bahasa Daerah. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa teknik dokumentasi dengan menggali kembali kajian kepusatakaan terkait dengan Pantun Gorontalo yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media pemertahanan bahasa daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Paanthungi adalah pantun pergaulan yang dilagukan dengan iringan musik, tari-tarian, atau juga tanpa musik, dan digunakan pada saat penyambutan tamu atau digunakan pada ritual-ritual adat di Gorontalo.Paanthungi atau pantun itu adalah sebuah seni yang perlu dikembangkan dan dipelihara oleh masyarakat Gorontalo karena di samping dapat menghibur, paanthungi juga sangat berfungsi untuk menjaga bahasa daerah Gorontalo agar terhindar dari kepunahan.
Leksikon Nama Peralatan Rumah Tangga Masyarakat Minangkabau: Gambaran Dinamika Masyarakat
Authors: Reniwati Reniwati , Khanizar Khanizar 
Published: July 2022

Minangkabau language is not free from language contact with other languages. This language contact brought about a change in the Minangkabau language. This change also occurs in the lexicon associated with household furniture. This article aims to describe the lexicon in the meaning field of lost or potentially missing household furniture and explain its reasons. The data are provided by applying conversational method with a set of techniques. The research was carried out in areas, including suburbs. Informants consist of different generations intending to know the existence of the lexicon in that generation. The data were analyzed using identity method namely translational and referencial identity methods with a set of techniques that are in accordance with this field research. The data analysis shows that the old lexicon and the new lexicon are household appliances. The use of the new lexicon can have some impacts, namely, the loss of the use of the old lexicon and another lexicon that collocates with it. AbstrakBahasa Minangkabau tidak terbebas dari kontak bahasa dengan bahasa lain. Kontak bahasa ini membawa perubahan dalam bahasa Minangkabau. Perubahan itu juga terjadi pada lekson yang berkait dengan peralatan rumah tangga. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keadaan penggunaan leksikon peralatan rumah tangga yang lama, penggunaan leksikon peralatan rumah tangga yang baru dan pengaruh penggunaannya pada leksikon yang lama dan lekskon yang terkait dengan leksikon lama tersebut. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode cakap dengan seperangkat teknik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di daerah yang termasuk pinggiran kota. Informan terdiri dari generasi yang berbeda dengan tujuan mengetahui eksistensi dari leksikon di generasi tersebut. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode padan referensial dan translasional dengan seperangkat teknik yang sesuai dengan penelitian ini. Dari analisis data diperoleh leksikon lama dan leksikon baru di ranah peralatan rumah tangga. Penggunaan leksikon baru dapat berdampak, yaitu hilangnya penggunaan leksikon lama dan leksikon yang lain yang berkolokasi dengannya.
Balinese Language on the Street Signs in Singaraja Town, Bali: A Linguistic Landscape Analysis
Authors: Paramarta I Made Suta 
Published: July 2022

The existence of local languages in Indonesia, including Balinese language is often related to marginalization issue. Some previous research revealed that Balinese language is rarely used in public spaces. The local government implements Governor Regulation Number 80 of 2018 to officially protect the language, including its existence in public spaces. This research explores the existence of Balinese language and script on the lingual street signs in Singaraja, North Bali. Further, the distribution of the lingual street signs is also investigated to reveal the government's primary and secondary target areas in language protection. The subjects of the study are 151 street signs that are placed by the department of transportation of Buleleng regency. The data are obtained through photograph taking and observation. The research reveals that the presence of Indonesian language marginalizes Balinese language. The regulation only successfully improves the use of Balinese script instead of the use of Balinese language. In terms of the sign distribution, the government focuses on signs with Balinese script at the center of the town due to the intense language contact in the area. AbstrakKeberadaan bahasa daerah di Indonesia, termasuk bahasa Bali sering dihubungkan dengan isu marginalisasi. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya mengungkapkan bahwa bahasa Bali jarang digunakan di ruang publik. Pemerintah daerah Bali telah menerapkan Peraturan Gubernur Nomor 80 Tahun 2018 untuk secara resmi melindungi bahasa dan aksara Bali, termasuk keberadaannya di ruang publik. Sehubungan dengan itu, penelitian ini menggali keberadaan bahasa dan aksara Bali pada rambu-rambu jalan lingual di Singaraja, Bali Utara. Selanjutnya, sebaran rambu-rambu jalan lingual juga diselidiki untuk mengungkap wilayah sasaran primer dan sekunder pemerintah dalam perlindungan bahasa Bali. Subyek penelitian adalah 151 rambu jalan yang dipasang oleh Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Buleleng. Data diperoleh melalui pengambilan foto dan observasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa bahasa Bali terpinggirkan dengan kehadiran bahasa Indonesia. Peraturan gubernur tersebut hanya berhasil meningkatkan penggunaan aksara Bali ketimbang penggunaan bahasa Bali. Dalam hal distribusi tanda, pemerintah memfokuskan penggunaan tanda dengan aksara Bali di pusat kota karena kontak bahasa yang intens terjadi di daerah tersebut.
EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE TERHADAP TINGKAT BEBAS LARVA (ABJ) DI PUSKESMAS PEJERUK MATARAM
Authors: Khalid Sopian , Mulianingsih Misroh , Zulkahfi Zulkahfi , Laila Anna , Aswati Aswati 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe number of DHF sufferers in NTB in 2015 occurred 1,000 cases, with two people being declared dead. From January to November Mataram Public Health reported 388 total number cases, the total number of cases was 388. The data obtained at Pejeruk Primary health care regarding dengue cases showed that IR: 26.27 with 11 cases, Larvae-free rate (AB in 2017 amounted to 88.95%. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of dengue hemorrhagic fever education on Zero Number of Larva in Karang Baru. Only the working area of Puskesmas Pejeruk, Mataram City. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest design. The population is 32 people, with a sample of 15 people. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The data analysis uses the Wilcoxon test. The results show that there are differences Free Rate of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (ABJ DBD) between before and after Health Health education (Jumantik) in the Karang Baru Environment in the Work Area of Puskesmas Pejeruk, Mataram City, with a p-value (0,000). Health educators (Jumantik) can increase the Larvae-free rate of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (ABJ DBD) in Karang Baru Wila Environment yeah, the work at Pejeruk Primary health care, Mataram City. Conclusion: Health workers can provide health education to increase public knowledge about DHF and the importance of PSN activities in preventing high cases of DHF Keywords: Health Education, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Larvae-Free Rate
Sociocultural factors in the development of the professional worldview of a modern teacher: challenges of the new world of education
Authors: Frolova S. V. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The teacher's professional worldview is the basic component that forms the educational space, which determines its nature and the future of education as a whole. The problems of forming a teacher's professional worldview and determining its meaningful essence are significant for discussion and discussion within the framework of the modern educational agenda, since the modern socio-cultural space is characterized by a high degree of turbulence in social processes, "blurring" of the teacher's professional image, uncertainty of his professional values and ideals. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the factors influencing the formation and development of the teacher's professional worldview in the structure of the life cycle of the profession “teacher”.Materials and Methods. Methods of analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature on the research problem were used.Results. The article analyzes the influence of trends and challenges of the modern socio-cultural space, including transformations in the pedagogical education environment, as factors influencing the formation of a teacher's professional worldview. The article presents the reasoning about the transformation of the modern model of pedagogical education, the nature of interaction in the "student-teacher" system of the professional education of a teacher, the essential core of which is the professional worldview of the future teacher, who absorbs the complex phenomenon of his professional life. In the article, the author identifies two types of trends and factors influencing the professional worldview of a teacher: general sociocultural, university and pedagogical trends proper.Discussion and Conclusions. In the conclusions, the author emphasizes the need to implement the idea of a regional socio-pedagogical cluster as a single space for the teacher's professional growth and the development of his professional worldview.
Professional specialization in higher language education of non-linguistic students: approaches, procedures, techniques and methods
Authors: Voronina D. K. , Shamov A. N. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The article raises the problem of the necessity of organizing conditions for profession-oriented foreign languages training for non-linguistic students in accordance with the requirements of competence-based approach to education. Professional specialization in foreign languages education is considered in terms of educational process approximation to the real communicative experience in specific professional sphere. The goal of the article is screening, selection and analysis of conceptual bases in higher language education for non-linguistic students.Materials and Methods. To achieve the goal the following research methods were used: the study and comparative analysis of pedagogical, psychological, methodological Russian and foreign literature representing the modern views on current concepts in non-major language education; generalization and synthesis of the most relevant for this paper scientific results; conceptual foresight and modeling the language educational process based on the theoretical results of this research.Results. Quantitative analysis of the reviewed studies on specific methods of profession-oriented foreign languages teaching made it possible to select three the most scientifically justified perspectives on this issue. Language for specific purposes (LSP), content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and context-based approach are considered as the means of professional specialization in foreign languages education. As a result of the research we allocated the most essential characteristics of the described procedures and drew a conclusion about the reasonability of their implementation on different stages of the educational process.Discussion and Conclusions. The results of the analysis may be of interest for those who study specific methods of foreign languages teaching for non-linguistic students as well as the problem of international profession-oriented communicative competency formation in higher education. The theoretical results of the study may form the basis of practical use in specific teaching guides and training materials in language classes for various kinds of non-linguistic specialization areas.
“Many women use contraceptives in secret”: a qualitative study of health provider perspectives regarding barriers and enablers to reproductive health and antenatal care services in rural Tanzania
Authors: Chelva Melinda , Chard Sidonie , Eberle Alexa , Lucchese Alexandra , Kaushal Sanchit , West Nicola , Marandu Prisca Dominic , Smith Graeme , Erwin Erica , Tillya Robert Philemon , Nswilla Anna , Yeates Karen 
Published: July 2022

Background Women in sub-Saharan Africa face numerous barriers to reproductive health and antenatal care (ANC) services. The objective of this study was to identify health provider perspectives regarding the barriers and enablers to reproductive health, ANC, and postnatal care (PNC) services in rural Tanzania. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in four districts of Tanzania and utilized key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). An interview guide was developed, focusing on individual and community-based factors (barriers and enablers) to accessing ANC and PNC services. Data were collected during December 2017 and May 2018 and analyzed using a thematic approach. Results Two major themes were identified as barriers to women accessing ANC and PNC services. First, factors related to women in the context of their family and community, for example (i) lack of autonomy in a patriarchal society, (ii) lack of knowledge and education regarding healthy pregnancy and pregnancy complications, (iii) lack of financial resources or control over financial resources, (iv) use of traditional birth attendants, (v) lack of male involvement, (vi) cultural beliefs as barriers to accessing family planning and ANC and PNC services. Second, factors present in the health system, for example (i) lack of infrastructure, equipment and health provider resources at health facilities, and (ii) lack of confidentiality and feelings of stigmatization when receiving health services. Reduced stigmatization against women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) served as an enabler. Conclusions Overall, this study highlights the need to implement more initiatives in these rural districts to improve ANC and PNC services uptake. It also indicates the need to find strategies to improve male involvement and family support in the local context.
Upaya Mengembangkan Asesmen Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah Pada Materi Ekosistem Berdasarkan Greenstein
Authors: Modok Sonya Getrida , Dwi Ari Budiretnani  , Mumun Nurmilawati  , Sulistiono  
Published: July 2022

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah sangat diperlukan karena peserta didik dapat belajar memahami konsep-konsep dengan menggunakan masalah nyata pada konteks kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan instrumen asesmen keterampilan pemecahan masalah berdasarkan Greenstein. Penelitian ini dengan metode pengembangan R&D (Researt and Development) model Plomp. Instrumen menggunakan lembar validasi ahli. Penelitian dibatasi pada pengujian kelayakan instrumen. Analisis data dengan teknik persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan instrumen asesmen keterampilan pemecahan masalah layak dengan hasil validasi ahli praktisi 86,2% “Sangat Valid”, ahli asesmen 93% “Sangat Valid” , ahli materi 85,8% “Sangat Valid”, dan ahli bahasa 83,2% “Cukup Valid”. Hasil uji validitas pada butir soal dengan kategori layak diperoleh 17 soal ‘‘Valid”. Hasil uji reliabilitas diperoleh hasil sebesar 0,752 “reliabilitas tinggi”.