bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy regulates the effects of ADSC-derived small extracellular vesicles on acute lung injury
Authors: Li Chichi , Wang Min , Wang Wangjia , Li Yuping , Zhang Dan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been recognized to be more effective than direct stem cell differentiation into functional target cells in preventing tissue injury and promoting tissue repair. Our previous study demonstrated the protective effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and the effect of autophagy on ADSC functions, but the role of ADSC-derived sEVs (ADSC-sEVs) and autophagy-mediated regulation of ADSC-sEVs in LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage remains unclear. After treatment with sEVs from ADSCs with or without autophagy inhibition, LPS-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HPMVECs) barrier damage was detected. LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice was assessed in vivo after intravenous administration of sEVs from ADSCs with or without autophagy inhibition. The effects of autophagy on the bioactive miRNA components of ADSC-sEVs were assessed after prior inhibition of cell autophagy. We found that ADSC-sEV effectively alleviated LPS-induced apoptosis, tight junction damage and high permeability of PMVECs. Moreover, in vivo administration of ADSC-sEV markedly inhibited LPS-triggered lung injury. However, autophagy inhibition, markedly weakened the therapeutic effect of ADSC-sEVs on LPS-induced PMVECs barrier damage and acute lung injury. In addition, autophagy inhibition, prohibited the expression of five specific miRNAs in ADSC-sEVs -under LPS-induced inflammatory conditions. Our results indicate that ADSC-sEVs protect against LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage and acute lung injury. Autophagy is a positive mediator of sEVs function, at least in part through controlling the expression of bioactive miRNAs in sEVs.
Choroidal thickness and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in tears improve the prediction model for coronary artery disease
Authors: Romero-Trevejo José Lorenzo , Fernández-Romero Lourdes , Delgado Josué , Muñoz-García Erika , Sánchez-Pérez Andrés , Murri Mora , Gutiérrez-Bedmar Mario , Jiménez-Navarro Manuel Francisco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) detection in asymptomatic patients still remains controversial. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of ophthalmologic findings as predictors of the presence of CAD when added to cardiovascular classic risk factors (CRF) in patients with acute coronary cardiopathy suspicion.

Methods
After clinical stabilization, 96 patients with acute coronary cardiopathy suspicion were selected and divided in two groups: 69 patients with coronary lesions and 27 patients without coronary lesions. Their 192 eyes were subjected to a complete routine ophthalmologic examination. Samples of tear fluid were also collected to be used in the detection of cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Logistic regression models, receiver operating characteristic curves and their area under the curve (AUC) were analysed.

Results
Suggestive predictors were choroidal thickness (CT) (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03) and tear granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (OR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99). We obtained an AUC of 0.9646 (95% CI 0.928–0.999) when CT and tear G-CSF were added as independent variables to the logistic regression model with cardiovascular CRF: sex, age, diabetes, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, smoking habit and obesity. This AUC was significantly higher (p = 0.003) than the prediction derived from the same logistic regression model without CT and tear G-CSF (AUC = 0.828, 95% CI 0.729–0.927).

Conclusions
CT and tear G-CSF improved the predictive model for CAD when added to cardiovascular CRF in our sample of symptomatic patients. Subsequent studies are needed for validation of these findings in asymptomatic patients.
Transhiatal versus transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal SCC: outcomes and complications
Authors: Soltani Ehsan , Mahmoodzadeh Habibollah , Jabbari Nooghabi Azadeh , Jabbari Nooghabi Mehdi , Ravankhah Moghaddam Khosrow , Hassanzadeh Haddad Ehsan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTranshiatal esophagectomy (THE) and transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) are both accepted procedures for esophageal cancer but still the most effective surgical approach continues to be controversial. This study aimed to determine post-operative complications and outcomes of TTE compared with THE.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on data of 243 adult patients with resectable esophageal cancer who underwent THE or TTE between December 2016 and October 2018. Demographic data, consisting of preoperative co-morbidities, disease stage, and perioperative morbidity and mortality were collected.ResultsAmong the patients, 99 individuals (40.7%) had a transhiatal resection and 144 (59.3%) had a transthoracic resection. Most patients (83.1%) were above 50 years old with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.297). The frequency distribution of comorbidities was similar in both groups. The most common site of the tumor in TTE group was middle esophagus and in THE group was lower esophagus. The most common complication was recurrence of dysphagia which was more common in THE group without significant difference. The other complications including pulmonary and cardiac events, tracheal and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, chylothorax and anastomosis stricture did not differ between the groups. The operative mortality within 30 days after the operation was 2.8% with significant difference favored the THE group (THE 0%, TTE 5.2%,p = 0.033).ConclusionBecause of the controversies, the decision on the type of surgical technique in esophageal cancer treatment hinges on patient’s co-morbidities, cancer stage, tumor location and surgeon’s experience.
Teenagers’ mental health problems predict probable mental diagnosis 3 years later among girls, but what about the boys?
Authors: Carlén Kristina , Suominen Sakari , Augustine Lilly , Saarinen Maiju M. , Aromaa Minna , Rautava Päivi , Sourander André , Sillanpää Matti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of mental disorders is increasing, and there seems to be a gender difference in prevalence, with girls reporting more mental health problems than boys, especially regarding internalizing problems. Most mental disorders debut early but often remain untreated into adulthood. Early detection of mental disorders is essential for successful treatment, which is not always happening. The study aimed to estimate to what extent teenagers’ self-reports predict probable mental diagnosis as they enter adulthood, particularly regarding gender differences.

Methods
Self-reported mental health problems, Youth Self-Report (YSR) at 15 years (range 3–110, n = 504) from the ongoing Finnish family competence study (FFC) using modified multivariable Poisson regression analysis for prediction of DAWBA (Development and Wellbeing Assessment) interview outcomes 3 years later.

Results
One unit’s increase in YSR was estimated to correspond to an increase in the relative risk of a probable DAWBA-based diagnosis by 3.3% [RR (95% CI) 1.03 (1.03–1.04), p < 0.001]. In gender-specific analysis, the findings applied, particularly to girls.

Conclusions
Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores at pubertal age predicted the risk of a probable mental diagnosis at the onset of adulthood, particularly in girls. Further research is needed to explain the lower sensitivity of YSR among boys.
Characterization of stem cell landscape and identification of stemness-relevant prognostic gene signature to aid immunotherapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zheng Hang , Liu Heshu , Li Huayu , Dou Weidong , Wang Jingui , Zhang Junling , Liu Tao , Wu Yingchao , Liu Yucun , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is generally accepted that colorectal cancer (CRC) originates from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for CRC progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. The high heterogeneity of CSCs has precluded clinical application of CSC-targeting therapy. Here, we aimed to characterize the stemness landscapes and screen for certain patients more responsive to immunotherapy.MethodsTwenty-six stem cell gene sets were acquired from StemChecker database. Consensus clustering algorithm was applied for stemness subtypes identification on 1,467 CRC samples from TCGA and GEO databases. The differences in prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) components, therapy responses were evaluated among subtypes. Then, the stemness-risk model was constructed by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), Cox regression and random survival forest analyses, and the most important marker was experimentally verified.ResultsBased on single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) enrichments scores, CRC patients were classified into three subtypes (C1, C2 and C3). C3 subtype exhibited the worst prognosis, highest macrophages M0 and M2 infiltrations, immune and stromal scores, and minimum sensitivity to immunotherapies, but was more sensitive to drugs like Bosutinib, Docetaxel, Elesclomol, Gefitinib, Lenalidomide, Methotrexate and Sunitinib. The turquoise module was identified by WGCNA that it was most positively correlated with C3 but most negatively with C2, and five hub genes in turquoise module were identified for stemness model construction. CRC patients with higher stemness scores exhibited worse prognosis, more immunosuppressive components in TME and lower immunotherapeutic responses. Additionally, the model’s immunotherapeutic prediction efficacy was further confirmed from two immunotherapy cohorts (anti-PD-L1 in IMvigor210 cohort and anti-PD-1 in GSE78220 cohort). Mechanistically, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results revealed high stemness score group was enriched in interferon gamma response, interferon alpha response, P53 pathway, coagulation, apoptosis, KRAS signaling upregulation, complement, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and IL6-mediated JAK-STAT signaling gene sets.ConclusionsOur study characterized three stemness-related subtypes with distinct prognosis and TME patterns in CRC patients, and a 5-gene stemness-risk model was constructed by comprehensive bioinformatic analyses. We suggest our stemness model has prospective clinical implications for prognosis evaluation and might facilitate physicians selecting prospective responders for preferential use of current immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Existence and multiplicity of solutions for $p(x)$-Laplacian problem with Steklov boundary condition
Authors: Khaleghi A. , Razani A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the existence and multiplicity of weak solutions for an elliptic problem involving$p(x)$p(x)-Laplacian operator under Steklov boundary condition. The approach is based on variational methods.
Gut metabolites predict Clostridioides difficile recurrence
Authors: Dawkins Jennifer J. , Allegretti Jessica R. , Gibson Travis E. , McClure Emma , Delaney Mary , Bry Lynn , Gerber Georg K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundClostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) is the most common hospital acquired infection in the USA, with recurrence rates > 15%. Although primary CDI has been extensively linked to gut microbial dysbiosis, less is known about the factors that promote or mitigate recurrence. Moreover, previous studies have not shown that microbial abundances in the gut measured by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing alone can accurately predict CDI recurrence.ResultsWe conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of 53 non-immunocompromised participants with primary CDI. Stool sample collection began pre-CDI antibiotic treatment at the time of diagnosis, and continued up to 8 weeks post-antibiotic treatment, with weekly or twice weekly collections. Samples were analyzed using (1) 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, (2) liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry metabolomics measuring 1387 annotated metabolites, and (3) short-chain fatty acid profiling. The amplicon sequencing data showed significantly delayed recovery of microbial diversity in recurrent participants, and depletion of key anaerobic taxa at multiple time-points, includingClostridiumcluster XIVa and IV taxa. The metabolomic data also showed delayed recovery in recurrent participants, and moreover mapped to pathways suggesting distinct functional abnormalities in the microbiome or host, such as decreased microbial deconjugation activity, lowered levels of endocannabinoids, and elevated markers of host cell damage. Further, using predictive statistical/machine learning models, we demonstrated that the metabolomic data, but not the other data sources, can accurately predict future recurrence at 1 week (AUC 0.77 [0.71, 0.86; 95% interval]) and 2 weeks (AUC 0.77 [0.69, 0.85; 95% interval]) post-treatment for primary CDI.ConclusionsThe prospective, longitudinal, and multi-omic nature of our CDI recurrence study allowed us to uncover previously unrecognized dynamics in the microbiome and host presaging recurrence, and, in particular, to elucidate changes in the understudied gut metabolome. Moreover, we demonstrated that a small set of metabolites can accurately predict future recurrence. Our findings have implications for development of diagnostic tests and treatments that could ultimately short-circuit the cycle of CDI recurrence, by providing candidate metabolic biomarkers for diagnostics development, as well as offering insights into the complex microbial and metabolic alterations that are protective or permissive for recurrence.
Assessing the reliability and validity of the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) program tool
Authors: Ramezani Niloofar , Bhati Avi , Murphy Amy , Routh Douglas , Taxman Faye S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Fidelity assessment tools can assess whether a program embraces a core set of principles and performs well. A quality fidelity tool with valid scales can be a feedback loop to identify areas that need further work to improve the program. Using data collected from 1816 correctional and reentry programs in the United States in the construction sample and 761 programs in the confirmation sample, this study examined the internal consistency of the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Program Tool, an online resource to capture information about structural features of a program.

Results
The study reports on reliability statistics and factor analyses to highlight individual subscales. Six scales emerged and had acceptable to excellent levels of internal consistency. These scales are staffing, reward-and-sanction, clinical standards for programs, coaching, program duration, and risk-need assessment.

Conclusions
This article discusses fidelity scales from the RNR Program Tool and provides guidance on the importance of tool development processes to ensure accurate, valid, and reliable scales. The purpose of the RNR Program Tool is to create a modern, online tool integrating both the empirical (research) literature on effective practices and clinical standards on quality programming. This process minimizes the need for consultants by giving program administrators the ability to gather information on their programs, score them, and receive instant and targeted feedback with recommendations for improvement to assess their programs against empirical standards in the field. Furthermore, it provides a standardized tool that administrators can use to examine what type of individuals fare better in their programs. The provided targeted feedback can give the programs the ability to seek technical assistance or guidance in specific areas that can strategically strengthen their program.
Systematic and mechanistic analysis of AuNP-induced nanotoxicity for risk assessment of nanomedicine
Authors: Lee Euiyeon , Lee Minhyeong , Kwon San , Kim Jongpil , Kwon Youngeun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely implemented in various biomedical fields due to their unique optical, thermal, and tunable properties. Particularly, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have opened new frontiers in sensing, targeted drug delivery, imaging, and photodynamic therapy, showing promising results for the treatment of various intractable diseases that affect quality of life and longevity. Despite the tremendous achievements of AuNPs-based approaches in biomedical applications, few AuNP-based nanomedicines have been evaluated in clinical trials, which is likely due to a shortage of understanding of the biological and pathological effects of AuNPs. The biological fate of AuNPs is tightly related to a variety of physicochemical parameters including size, shape, chemical structure of ligands, charge, and protein corona, and therefore evaluating the effects of these parameters on specific biological interactions is a major ongoing challenge. Therefore, this review focuses on ongoing nanotoxicology studies that aim to characterize the effect of various AuNP characteristics on AuNP-induced toxicity. Specifically, we focus on understanding how each parameter alters the specific biological interactions of AuNPs via mechanistic analysis of nano-bio interactions. We also discuss different cellular functions affected by AuNP treatment (e.g., cell motility, ROS generation, interaction with DNA, and immune response) to understand their potential human health risks. The information discussed herein could contribute to the safe usage of nanomedicine by providing a basis for appropriate risk assessment and for the development of nano-QSAR models.
Would restricting firearm purchases due to alcohol- and drug-related misdemeanor offenses reduce firearm homicide and suicide? An agent-based simulation
Authors: Cerdá Magdalena , Hamilton Ava D. , Tracy Melissa , Branas Charles , Fink David , Keyes Katherine M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Substance-related interactions with the criminal justice system are a potential touchpoint to identify people at risk for firearm violence. We used an agent-based model to simulate the change in firearm violence after disqualifying people from owning a firearm given prior alcohol- and drug-related misdemeanors.

Methods
We created a population of 800,000 agents reflecting a 15% sample of the adult New York City population.

Results
Disqualification from purchasing firearms for 5 years after an alcohol-related misdemeanor conviction reduced population-level rates of firearm homicide by 1.0% [95% CI 0.4–1.6%] and suicide by 3.0% [95% CI 1.9–4.0%]. Disqualification based on a drug-related misdemeanor conviction reduced homicide by 1.6% [95% CI 1.1–2.2%] and suicide by 4.6% [95% CI 3.4–5.8%]. Reductions were generally 2 to 8 times larger for agents meeting the disqualification criteria.

Conclusions
Denying firearm access based on a history of drug and alcohol misdemeanors may reduce firearm violence among the high-risk group. Enactment of substance use-related firearms denial criteria needs to be balanced against concerns about introducing new sources of disenfranchisement among already vulnerable populations.
Porcine Functional Spine Unit in orthopedic research, a systematic scoping review of the methodology
Authors: Hedlund Jacob , Ekström Lars , Thoreson Olof 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review of previous in vitro spine studies that used pig functional spinal units (FSU) as a model to gain an understanding of how different experimental methods are presented in the literature. Research guidelines are often used to achieve high quality in methods, results, and reports, but no research guidelines are available regarding in vitro biomechanical spinal studies.

Methods
A systematic scoping review approach and protocol was used for the study with a systematic search in several data bases combined with an extra author search. The articles were examined in multiple stages by two different authors in a blinded manner. Data was extracted from the included articles and inserted into a previously crafted matrix with multiple variables. The data was analyzed to evaluate study methods and quality and included 70 studies.

Results
The results display that there is a lack of consensus regarding how the material, methods and results are presented. Load type, duration and magnitude were heterogeneous among the studies, but sixty-seven studies (96%) did include compressive load or tension in the testing protocol.

Conclusions
This study concludes that an improvement of reported data in the present field of research is needed. A protocol, modified from the ARRIVE guidelines, regarding enhanced report-structure, that would enable comparison between studies and improve the method quality is presented in the current study. There is also a clear need for a validated quality-assessment template for experimental animal studies.
Nanosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy for glioblastoma multiforme: current progress and future perspectives
Authors: Guo Qing-Long , Dai Xing-Liang , Yin Meng-Yuan , Cheng Hong-Wei , Qian Hai-Sheng , Wang Hua , Zhu Dao-Ming , Wang Xian-Wen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, and it is associated with poor prognosis. Its characteristics of being highly invasive and undergoing heterogeneous genetic mutation, as well as the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), have reduced the efficacy of GBM treatment. The emergence of a novel therapeutic method, namely, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), provides a promising strategy for eradicating tumors via activated sonosensitizers coupled with low-intensity ultrasound. SDT can provide tumor killing effects for deep-seated tumors, such as brain tumors. However, conventional sonosensitizers cannot effectively reach the tumor region and kill additional tumor cells, especially brain tumor cells. Efforts should be made to develop a method to help therapeutic agents pass through the BBB and accumulate in brain tumors. With the development of novel multifunctional nanosensitizers and newly emerging combination strategies, the killing ability and selectivity of SDT have greatly improved and are accompanied with fewer side effects. In this review, we systematically summarize the findings of previous studies on SDT for GBM, with a focus on recent developments and promising directions for future research.