bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and validation of a finite element model of the aponeurotic and free Achilles tendon
Authors: Diniz Pedro , Quental Carlos , Violindo Pedro , Veiga Gomes João , Pereira Hélder , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Ferreira Frederico Castelo , Folgado João 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Achilles tendon (AT) is a common injury site. Ruptures are usually located in the free tendon but may cross the myotendinous junction into the aponeurotic region. Considering the possibility of aponeurotic region involvement in AT ruptures, a novel three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model that includes both the aponeurotic and free AT regions and features subtendon twisting and sliding was developed. It was hypothesized that the model would be able to predict in vivo data collected from the literature, thus being considered valid, and that model outputs would be most sensitive to subtendon twist configurations. The 3D model was constructed using magnetic resonance images. The model was divided into soleus and gastrocnemius subtendons. In addition to a frictionless contact condition, the interaction between subtendons was modeled using two contact formulations: sliding with anisotropic friction and no sliding. Loads were applied on the tendon's most proximal cross‐section and anterior surface, with magnitudes estimated from in vivo studies. Model outputs were compared with experimental data regarding 3D deformation, transverse plane rotation, and nodal displacements in the free tendon. The FE model adequately simulated the free tendon behavior regarding longitudinal strain, cross‐section area variation, transverse plane rotation, and sagittal nodal displacements, provided that subtendon sliding was allowed. The frictionless model exhibited noticeable medial transverse sliding of the soleus subtendon, which was present to a much lesser degree in the anisotropic friction model. Model outputs were most sensitive to variations in subtendon twist and dispersion of the collagen fiber orientations. Clinical Significance: This Achilles tendon finite element model, validated using in vivo experimental data, may be used to study its mechanical behavior, injury mechanisms, and rupture risk factors.
Diagnosing osteo‐articular tuberculosis and multidrug resistance using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and high‐resolution melt‐curve analysis
Authors: Sharma Kusum , Sharma Megha , Sharma Aman , Dhillon Mandeep Singh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study evaluated real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high‐resolution melt‐curve analysis (HRM) for simultaneous diagnosis of osteo‐articular tuberculosis (OATB) and drug resistance. Two hundred and fifty synovial fluid and pus specimens (20 confirmed OATB by culture, 130 suspected OATB, and 100 controls) processed in the Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER were subjected to qPCR usingrpoB,MPB64, andIS6110genes. All OATB positive specimens were subjected to HRM for detecting resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. qPCR detected 129/150 OATB cases with a sensitivity of 86% (95% for confirmed and 84.6% for suspected OATB cases) and specificity of 100%.rpoBandMPB64genes had higher sensitivity thanIS6110(86% vs. 74.6%). HRM reported eight multidrug resistant (MDR), two mono‐rifampicin, and five mono‐isoniazid resistant cases, all were concordant with gene sequencing. qPCR followed by HRM analysis offer a simple, accurate, and rapid platform for simultaneous detection of OATB and MDR.
Biomechanics evaluation of sacroiliac joint pain after lumbosacral fusion: A finite element analysis
Authors: Yao Zhidong , Li Liuxun , Zhang Peng , Yang Lei , Bai Xueling , Peng Songlin , Lai Yuxiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe sacroiliac joint (SIJ) constitutes the predominant pain source following lumbar or lumbosacral fusion. Although studies have investigated the biomechanical patterns of SIJ behaviors after lumbosacral fusion, the relationship between ligament strain and SIJ pain following lumbosacral fusion remains unclear. The present study developed a three‐dimensional finite element model including L4, L5, sacrum, ilium, SIJ, and seven mainly ligaments. After successful validation, the model was used to investigate the biomechanics of SIJ and ligaments in simulating lumbosacral fusion process. Our results showed that small motion in a stable SIJ may significantly increases the contact pressure and stress of the SIJ, which increase the maximum contact pressure by 171%, 676%, 199%, and 203% and stress by 130%, 424%, 168%, and 241% for flexion, extension, bending, and axial rotation, respectively. An increase in contact pressure and stress in SIJ possibly causes pain at the SIJ, especially in extension and axial rotation. A comparison between the lumbosacral and intact models exhibited the maximum strain increase in the iliosacral ligament (ISL) and the ileal ligament (IL) under all loading conditions. The present study suggests that after lumbosacral fusion process, the ligament sudden increase or decrease is likely to lead sprain or strain ligament, especially ISL and IL thereby causing SIJ pain. This study may contribute to understand the relationship between SIJ ligaments and SIJ pain.
Highly Efficient and Ultra‐Broadband Yellow Emission of Lead‐Free Antimony Halide toward White Light‐Emitting Diodes and Visible Light Communication
Authors: Mo Qionghua , Yu Jiabing , Chen Chen , Cai Wensi , Zhao Shuangyi , Li HaiYun , Zang Zhigang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to the broadband emission induced by self‐trapped excitons (STEs), low‐dimensional hybrid lead halides are regarded as an emerging class of highly efficient light emitters. However, the toxic lead element impedes their commercial application. Here, a new air‐stable hybrid lead‐free metal halide [Na(DMSO)2]3SbBr6 with a 0D structure constituted by [SbBr6] octahedral and [Na(DMSO)2]3 units is synthesized at room temperature, which exhibits a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 60% and an ultra‐broadband yellow emission centered at 608 nm, with a full width at half‐maximum of 160 nm. First‐principles calculations and experimental studies unveil that the formation of STEs in this 0D structure contributes the broad emission. Then, warm white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) are proposed by combining blue LED chips with yellow [Na(DMSO)2]3SbBr6, showing a color rendering index of 85, a correlated color temperature of 3603 K. Finally, the prepared WLEDs are utilized in visible light communication (VLC) with an achieved −3 dB bandwidth of 7.2 MHz and a high transmitted data rate of 81.6 Mbps by applying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation with adaptive bit loading. This research not only enriches the family of perovskite related materials, but also inspires the potential of low‐dimensional metal halide in VLC.
Real‐Time Observation of Double‐Hopf Bifurcation in an Ultrafast All‐PM Fiber Laser
Authors: Krupa Katarzyna , Kardaś Tomasz M. , Stepanenko Yuriy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHopf‐type bifurcation dynamics, a universal phenomenon existing in numerous physical systems, has recently been observed in mode‐locked erbium‐doped fiber lasers with anomalous or normal net dispersion. This study demonstrates the real‐time experimental observation of double‐Hopf‐type breathers in an all‐normal dispersion all‐polarization maintaining ytterbium‐doped fiber laser instead. It is shown that the breather frequency can be modulated periodically by the additional oscillation with increasing amplitude in response to increased pump power until a stationary dissipative soliton is formed. The possible explanation of the observed double‐Hopf‐like bifurcation dynamics is discussed by exploring the numerical approach that combines the interplay of the population inversion in the laser medium with the pulses energy. The results provide additional building blocks for further understanding laser physics and can help in optimizing fiber cavity designs.
Fundamental Distinction of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Autler–Townes Splitting in Breaking the Time‐Reversal Symmetry
Authors: Wu Haodong , Ruan Yaping , Li Zhixiang , Dong Ming‐Xin , Cai Miao , Tang Jiangshan , Tang Lei , Zhang Han , Xiao Min , Xia Keyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the essential difference in underlying physics, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) are difficult to be discriminated because they cause resemble absorption and dispersion to a probe electromagnetic field. They are mainly discerned in the sense of absorption profile fitting. Here, the breakdown of the time‐reversal symmetry (TRS), namely optical nonreciprocity in the EIT and ATS configurations are experimentally observed by using warm rubidium atoms. The microscopic Doppler effect due to atomic thermal motion causes strong optical nonreciprocity to the probe field in the EIT configuration. In stark contrast, the propagation of the probe field is primarily reciprocal in the ATS configuration. The experimental observations in this study objectively distinguish the EIT and ATS effects in the fundamental physics of breaking the TRS. This experiment proves a concept of using the TRS as a testbed for discerning fundamental physical effects.
High‐Speed All‐Fiber Micro‐Imaging with Large Depth of Field
Authors: Wang Lele , Yang Yousi , Liu Zhoutian , Tian Jiading , Meng Yuan , Qi Tiancheng , He Tiantian , Li Dan , Yan Ping , Gong Mali , Liu Qiang , Xiao Qirong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSingle fiber imaging has evolved into a powerful method for detecting minute objects in narrow spaces. However, existing systems are not conducive to imaging dynamic objects at depth due to their bulky probes, time‐consuming scanning acquisition methods, and transmissive illumination mode. Minimally invasive reflection mode imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution remains an open challenge. Here, a precise and high‐speed imaging scheme without scanning is proposed. Multimode fiber imaging technology is incorporated into an all‐fiber aberration‐free precision detection system. High temporal resolution (5000 fps) detection of tiny natural scenes is experimentally realized by optimizing the approximation of the inverse transmission matrix in a simple and compact setup. The system can display the detected screen in real‐time and the computational imaging with a large depth of field (1 mm) is enabled by jointly learning. The recovery results are superior compared to typical deep neural networks. The demonstrated scheme offers a new possibility for many applications, for example, microendoscopy, all‐optical computing, and remote high‐speed video transmission.
On‐Chip Metamaterial Antenna Array with Distributed Bragg Deflector for Generation of Collimated Steerable Beams
Authors: Ginel‐Moreno Pablo , Hadij‐ElHouati Abdelfettah , Sánchez‐Postigo Alejandro , Wangüemert‐Pérez J. Gonzalo , Molina‐Fernández Íñigo , Schmid Jens H. , Cheben Pavel , Ortega‐Moñux Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe generation of collimated steerable beams of light is a fundamental function in optics needed in many applications, including free‐space optical communications, remote sensing, and light detection and ranging. Implementing large‐aperture light emitters directly on a photonic integrated chip without using external optics and expensive alignment systems is an outstanding challenge in integrated photonics. Here, the experimental demonstration of a new integrated antenna array architecture that uses a compact feeding circuit is reported. The design is based on an apodized Bragg deflector working as a low‐loss (<0.3 dB) ultra‐compact beam expander, which generates a 40‐µm‐wide on‐chip Gaussian beam that illuminates a one‐dimensional array of 112 optical antennas with a length of 1.5 mm. Each antenna comprises a metamaterial subwavelength grating waveguide core that is laterally loaded with an array of periodic radiative silicon segments. The device is fabricated on a 220‐nm silicon‐on‐insulator platform using a single etch process with a minimum feature size of 80 nm. An antenna array with a power gain of 50 dB, a radiation efficiency of −3.8 dB, and a far‐field angular divergence of 1.8° × 0.2°, in a wavelength range of 1500–1580 nm is presented.
Laser‐Printed Emissive Metasurface as an Anticounterfeiting Platform
Authors: Kim Chanhee , Kim Yeongseon , Kang Dongkyun , Lee Myeongkyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptical security is a promising application of metasurfaces because light has large degrees of freedom in metasurfaces. Although many different structures/materials are proposed for this purpose, the fabrication of dynamic metasurfaces in a straightforward and scalable manner, while maintaining a high security level, remains a significant challenge. Herein, a metasurface consisting of a phase‐changing GeSbTe layer and a metal back reflector is presented to space‐selectively and dynamically control the infrared emission of the surface by a spatially modulated pulsed laser beam. Unlike conventional laser processes using a focused beam, the employed laser printing is an expanded beam‐based parallel process that enables the fabrication of wafer‐sized emission patterns. Owing to the multispectral responses of GeSbTe, mutually independent visible and infrared images can be printed in one region. Grayscale emission patterns can also be obtained by gradually modulating the spatial profile of the laser beam, which makes the replication of laser‐printed emission patterns extremely difficult. These encouraging features indicate that the presented emissive metasurface has the potential for use as an effective platform for anticounterfeiting.
Exploiting Meltable Protein Hydrogels to Encapsulate and Culture Cells in 3D
Authors: Dura Gema , Crespo‐Cuadrado Maria , Waller Helen , Peters Daniel T. , Ferreira‐Duarte Ana , Lakey Jeremy H. , Fulton David A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a growing realization that 3D cell culture better mimics complex in vivo environments than 2D, lessening aberrant cellular behaviors and ultimately improving the outcomes of experiments. Chemically crosslinked hydrogels which imitate natural extracellular matrix (ECM) are proven cell culture platforms, but the encapsulation of cells within these hydrogel networks requires bioorthogonal crosslinking chemistries which can be cytotoxic, synthetically demanding, and costly. Capsular antigen fragment 1 (Caf1) is a bacterial, polymeric, fimbrial protein which can be genetically engineered to imitate ECM. Furthermore, it can, reversibly, thermally interconvert between its polymeric and monomeric forms even when chemically crosslinked within a hydrogel network. It is demonstrated that this meltable feature of Caf1 hydrogels can be utilized to encapsulate neonatal human dermal fibroblasts at a range of cell densities (2 × 105–2 × 106 cells mL−1 of hydrogel) avoiding issues with chemical cytotoxicity. These hydrogels supported cell 3D culture for up to 21 d, successfully inducing cellular functions such as proliferation and migration. This work is significant because it further highlights the potential of simple, robust, Caf1‐based hydrogels as a cell culture platform.
Corrosion behavior of additively manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel under atmospheric conditions
Authors: Helbert Varvara , Rioual Stephane , Le Bozec Nathalie , Thierry Dominique 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the corrosion behavior of AISI 316L produced by direct energy deposition (DED). Microstructural and chemical analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of Si and Si–Mn inclusions of 0.5–1 µm and the Cr and Mo enrichment within interdendritic areas. Scanning Kelvin probe analysis of additively manufactured stainless steel highlighted a regular “striped‐like” surface potential feature with a potential gradient of 30 mV for a mean value of 0.320 ± 0.017 V versus standard hydrogen electrode. It can be related to the presence of the residual stress in the oxide film and the complex thermal history due to the fabrication process. A cyclic corrosion test simulating atmospheric conditions revealed the same corrosion properties for stainless steel fabricated by DED compared to cold rolled one. Various surface preparations of 316L were also exposed for corrosion tests. It was found that the “as‐received” and “brushed” surfaces exhibited poorer corrosion resistance due to the presence of an as‐build defective layer. However, prior passivation of brushed surface, machining, or mechanical grinding down to P1200 improve significantly the corrosion resistance.
NIR‐Encoded Shape Recovery and Regulated Reversible Stress of Shape Memory Polymer
Authors: Gong Junhui , Cao Pengrui , Yang Jing , Tang Zhangzhang , Zhang Xinrui , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei , Pei Xianqiang , Zhang Yaoming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) can realize remotely and regionally controlled shape changing that shows broad potential applications. Herein, an NIR‐responsive shape memory polymer (G/PNs) is prepared by introducing reduced graphene oxide to liquid crystal elastomers‐based polymer networks (PNs). The G/PNs present regulated reversible stress by tuning the NIR light irradiation. Furthermore, since the G/PNs are 3D‐printed with designed structure, the deformed 3D printing structure can be regionally patterned with varied shapes by controlling the moving path of NIR laser. In addition, the stress relaxation and cyclic stress–strain measurements are further studied to reveal the energy loss during the deformation and shape memory cycles. In compare with the previous work, the SMP networks provide a rather high reversible actuation stress and can realize remotely control by NIR. The NIR‐encoded shape memory effect can be used as actuators, artificial muscles.
Measurement and Modeling of N‐tert‐butyl Acrylamide Radical Homo‐ and Copolymerization with Methyl Acrylate in Ethanol/Water
Authors: Agboluaje Maryam , Kaur Gagandeep , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe radical homopolymerization of N‐tert‐butyl acrylamide (t‐BuAAm) and its copolymerization with methyl acrylate (MA) is studied in ethanol/water solutions over a range of initial monomer and initiator levels between 50 and 70 °C. While short‐chain branching for poly(t‐BuAAm) samples could not be detected by 13C NMR, the reduced rate of monomer conversion with lowered monomer content indicates the formation of mid‐chain radicals (MCR) by backbiting. Adding water as a cosolvent to ethanol significantly increases reaction rates, in agreement with recent pulsed‐laser studies that quantify the influence of solvent composition on homopropagation kinetics. However, the measured drifts in comonomer composition with conversion are well represented by a single pair of reactivity ratios (rMA = 1.12 ± 0.01, rt‐BuAAm = 0.71 ± 0.01) over the complete range of experimental conditions. A mechanistic model developed to describe t‐BuAAm homopolymerization is extended to capture the impact of reaction operating conditions (monomer content and composition, solvent composition, initiator content, and temperature) on the features of t‐BuAAm/MA copolymerization, thus providing a tool for product and process optimization. The model structure can be used to support the development of other acrylate/acrylamide systems as part of the continued efforts to utilize “green” solvents to reduce the environmental impacts of polymerization processes.
Electrolyte, acid‐base, and medication management with renal replacement therapy
Authors: Kavelak Haley L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFluid and electrolyte homeostasis exhibited by the kidneys is a complex process that is challenging to regulate with artificial renal replacement therapy (RRT). RRT has been used as a treatment modality for electrolyte and acid‐base disturbances in patients with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. This review highlights the management of electrolyte shifts, acid‐base disturbances, and medication considerations in RRT, with a focus on intermittent hemodialysis and continuous RTT in the inpatient setting.
Clinical usefulness of neck circumference for predicting sarcopenia in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Do Jun Young , Kim A Young , Kang Seok Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeck circumference (NC), per se, includes muscle mass beyond simple fat mass and mainly subcutaneous fat. We aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of NC for predicting muscle mass, strength, or sarcopenia in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of patients undergoing PD (n = 199). NC, body compositions, and handgrip strength (HGS) were measured in all patients. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was evaluated using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry at the time of dry abdomen. Sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome were diagnosed using the definitions from previous guidelines. We analyzed the data divided by sex.ResultsIn male patients, the discrimination performance of BMI or NC for sarcopenia was similar, but BMI was more closely associated with the prediction of metabolic syndrome than NC. Linear and logistic regression analyses showed that, in males, BMI was associated with the ALM index and metabolic syndrome, but NC was associated with sarcopenia and HGS. In addition, the addition of NC in the multivariate model was associated with better predictability of sarcopenia in men. In female patients, the discrimination performance of BMI or NC for sarcopenia or metabolic syndrome was similar.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that NC is associated with HGS and sarcopenia in male patients undergoing PD. NC may be a useful option for screening for sarcopenia beyond simple BMI and may be helpful in identifying whether further evaluation for a diagnosis of sarcopenia is required.
Emotional neuroaesthetics of color experience: Views from single, paired, and complex color combinations
Authors: Osaka Naoyuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractColors are critical for understanding the emotional aspect of the human artistic mind, such as that found in painting a landscape, still life, or portrait. First, we report how single colors are memorized in the brain; second, how pairs of colors harmonize in the dissociated brain under the influence of the emotional brain; third, we see how colored paintings are appreciated as beautiful or ugly in the dissociated brain areas led by the intrinsic reward system in the human brain. The orbitofrontal brain is probably one of the vital brain areas that brings us a value‐based reward system that makes a unique contribution to emotional neuroaesthetics.