bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of recurrence in genuine and induced oligometastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with progressive site‐directed therapy
Authors: Yoshida Soichiro , Takahara Taro , Arita Yuki , Toda Kazuma , Kimura Koichiro , Fujiwara Motohiro , Tanaka Hajime , Yokoyama Minato , Matsuoka Yoh , Yoshimura Ryoichi , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo describe oncological outcomes after progressive site‐directed therapy (PSDT) in genuine and induced oligometasatic (OM)‐castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).MethodsThirty‐seven patients with OM‐CRPC treated with PSDT were retrospectively analyzed, and oncological outcomes and recurrence patterns on whole‐body diffusion‐weighted MRI (WB‐DWI) were evaluated.ResultsTwenty‐two (59%) were classified as genuine OM‐CRPC and 15 (41%) as induced OM‐CRPC. A 50% decline in PSA after PSDT was observed in 21 (95%) genuine OM‐CRPCs and 7 (47%) induced OM‐CRPCs (p = 0.0005). At a median observation period of 7.3 months, median PSA progression‐free survival were 10.9 months in the genuine OM‐CRPCs and 4.8 months in the induced OM‐CRPCs (p = 0.015). Among the patients who developed PSA progression after PSDT, 11 of 15 in the genuine OM‐CRPCs (73%) and 11 of 14 in the induced OM‐CRPCs (79%) underwent WB‐DWI at PSA progression. The median numbers of newly detected metastases were 2 (range: 1–5) in the genuine OM‐CRPCs and 4 (range: 1–40) in the induced OM‐CRPCs (p = 0.049). Only one new metastasis appeared in 5 patients from the genuine OM‐CRPCs (46%) and 1 from the induced OM‐CRPCs (9.1%, p = 0.048). In 7 of 9 patients from the genuine OM‐CRPCs (78%) and 7 of 8 patients from the induced OM‐CRPCs (88%) who had bone metastases alone, the newly detected metastasis limited to the bone.ConclusionsGenuine OM‐CRPC had better oncological outcomes after PSDT than induced OM‐CRPC, and the number of lesions detected at recurrence was limited. Induced OM‐CRPC might be a disseminated condition with micrometastases at OM diagnosis.
Cutaneous melanoma metastases: Clinical and dermoscopic findings
Authors: Kostaki Maria , Plaka Michaela , Moustaki Margarita , Befon Aggeliki , Champsas Grigoris , Kypreou Katerina , Chardalia Vasiliki , Chasapi Vasiliki , Polydorou Dorothea , Stratigos Alexandros 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbout 2%–20% of melanoma patients will develop cutaneous melanoma metastases (CMM). Their clinical diagnosis still remains challenging because of the variation of clinical and dermoscopic characteristics. Until today, few studies exist concerning the dermoscopic image of CMM but no one has focused on its possible association with clinicopathological melanoma characteristics.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2019, 42 patients diagnosed with melanoma at Andreas Syggros Hospital developed CMM. We studied the dermoscopic presentation of these metastases and its possible association with the clinical and histologic characteristics of the underlying melanoma.ResultsThere were 20 male and 22 female patients with a mean age of 64.02 years. Nineteen patients developed satellites and 23 in transit metastases. Mean Breslow index was estimated at 2.93 mm and ulceration was observed in half of the tumours (50%). Almost half of the patients developed cutaneous metastases on the lower limbs (45.24%). We identified 5 dermoscopic patterns of CMM: saccular, amelanotic, homogenous, vascular and polymorphic. Homogenous (30.95%) and amelanotic (28.57%) were the most common patterns. Homogenous pattern was the most common in satellite metastases while amelanotic was mostly observed in in‐transit metastases. Homogenous pattern was more frequent among superficial spreading melanomas. Patients with thin (<1 mm) and medium depth (1–2 mm) melanomas mostly developed metastases with saccular pattern. Vascular pattern was only present in metastases of tumours with Breslow index 2–4 mm. Homogenous and amelanotic were the only patterns found in tumours with Breslow index >4 mm.ConclusionsWe observed that vascular structures were more frequent in metastases of deeper tumours while nevus‐like structures were more common in metastases of thinner tumours. CMM occasionally may constitute the first clinical sign of melanoma disease. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to recognize their dermoscopic patterns which seem to be associated with some of the clinical and histological characteristics of cutaneous melanomas.
Optimization of solvent extraction conditions of bioactive compound from wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) fruit using ultrasonic assisted extraction
Authors: Singhania Nisha , Barmanray Aradhita , Chhikara Navnidhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUltrasonic assisted extraction is a novel technique that can be applied to obtain bioactive compounds from plants with great efficiency. The aim of this study was to optimize the phenolic extraction efficiency and DPPHsc activity from the wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) fruit. Phenols were extracted using different polar solvents, namely methanol and acetone. The conditions of extraction with the ultrasonic method using response surface methodology central composite design (CCD) and the variables include the solvent concentration of methanol and acetone (50%–100%), ultrasonic temperature (30–50°C), sonication duration (20–40 min), and ultrasonic frequency (25–45 kHz). Optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows: 61.5% of solvent concentration and extraction temperature of 50°C for 40 min of extraction time at 25 kHz ultrasonic frequency for methanol. For these extraction conditions in the case of methanol extract, the phenolic yield, total phenolic content, and DPPHsc were found to be 25.81%, 224.36 μg GAE/g, and 93.49%, respectively. For the acetone extract, optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 52.68% solvent concentration, 47.89°C temperature, 39.8 min, and 0.73 kHz ultrasonic frequency. The results obtained under these optimized conditions were 23.78% yield of phenolic extract, 290.76 μg GAE/g TPC, and 91.28% DPPHsc, for acetone. The result demonstrated that the highest phenolic efficiency, phenolic content, and DPPHsc were observed for the methanolic solvent extract. SEM images of ultrasonicated powder samples showed that sonication results in cell rupturing and thus increasing the mass transfer for bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the results of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis of phenolic compounds from the methanolic extract of wood apple fruit pulp revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, and quercetin in a magnificent amount.Novelty impact statementTraditionally, solvent extraction techniques have been done in wood apple fruit; however, in this work, we add an advanced technology, the ultrasonic assisted extraction, which improves the extraction yield and efficiency of phenolic compounds using different organic solvents. After that study planned, SEM analysis shows a structural description which is evident that how this advanced technology shows a structural disruption that enhances extraction efficiency. After that study planned for chromatography by UHPLC that highlights the essential bioactive or phenolic compound obtained in the ultrasonic extract.
Benefits and harms of oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation in nursing home residents with advanced dementia
Authors: Ouellet Gregory M. , O'Leary John R. , Leggett Christopher G. , Skinner Jonathan , Tinetti Mary E. , Cohen Andrew B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 20% of older persons with dementia have atrial fibrillation (AF). Nearly all have stroke risks that exceed the guideline‐recommended threshold for anticoagulation. Although individuals with dementia develop profound impairments and die from the disease, little evidence exists to guide anticoagulant discontinuation, and almost one‐third of nursing home residents with advanced dementia and AF remain anticoagulated in the last 6 months of life. We aimed to quantify the benefits and harms of anticoagulation in this population.MethodsUsing Minimum Data Set and Medicare claims, we conducted a retrospective cohort study with 14,877 long‐stay nursing home residents aged ≥66 between 2013 and 2018 who had advanced dementia and AF. We excluded individuals with venous thromboembolism and valvular heart disease. We measured anticoagulant exposure quarterly, using Medicare Part D claims. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality; secondary outcomes were ischemic stroke and serious bleeding. We performed survival analyses with multivariable adjustment and inverse probability of treatment (IPT) weighting.ResultsIn the study sample, 72.0% were female, 82.7% were aged ≥80 years, and 13.5% were nonwhite. Mean CHA2DS2VASC score was 6.19 ± 1.58. In multivariable survival analysis, anticoagulation was associated with decreased risk of death (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.67–0.75) and increased bleeding risk (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.29); the association with stroke risk was not significant (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.80–1.46). Results were similar in models with IPT weighting. While >50% of patients in both groups died within a year, median weighted survival was 76 days longer for anticoagulated individuals.ConclusionPersons with advanced dementia and AF derive clinically modest life prolongation from anticoagulation, at the cost of elevated risk of bleeding. The relevance of this benefit is unclear in a group with high dementia‐related mortality and for whom the primary goal is often comfort.
Good tolerance of hyaluronic acid filler injections during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Naouri Michael , Dahan Serge , Prost Anne Le Pillouer , Coutant‐Foulc Phrynée , Raimbault Catherine , Cucurella Françoise , Creusot Muriel , Baspeyras Martine , Darchy Martine , Khallouf Randa , Cartier Hugues , Baratte Isabelle , Dubois Magali , Laubach Hans ,   Groupe de Dermatologie Esthétique et Correctrice de la Société Française de Dermatologie (GDEC)
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our study was to identify and evaluate the complications related to hyaluronic acid during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodTwelve dermatologists participated in this study. A cohort and a non‐cohort follow‐up were ensured.Results(1) Cohort follow‐up: 1041 patients. 8% had a COVID‐19 infection, 27% had received COVID‐19 vaccination. 2% had immediate side effects (edema, erythema, bruising). 0.5% had delayed side effects (two inflammatory nodules, one nodule without inflammation, one edema). None of these side effects occurred in the context of infection or COVID‐19 vaccinations. (2) Non‐cohort follow‐up: 7900 syringes used. Two early side effects (inflammatory edema) were reported, of which one occurred 15 days after vaccination. Two cases of delayed side effects such as inflammation on the injected area and inflammatory nodules occurred of which one was in the context of vaccination and one during COVID‐19 infection. We estimate the frequency of complications possibly attributable to the disease or to the COVID vaccination to be 0.06% in our population.DiscussionComplications of HA injections in the context of COVID‐19 disease or vaccination appear to be very rare but the frequency could be underestimated because of the low rate of vaccination/infection in our population. Our study shows a very good tolerance of hyaluronic acid injections during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Comparison of percutaneous cystolithotomy and open cystotomy for removal of urethral and bladder uroliths in dogs: Retrospective study of 81 cases (2014‐2018)
Authors: Job Chloé , Lecavalier Julie , Dunn Marilyn , Gatineau Matthieu , Planté Jérôme , Benamou Jérôme , Coutellier Martin , Javard Romain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveCompare percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) and open cystotomy (OC) for removal of bladder and urethral uroliths.DesignRetrospective study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs and cats that underwent PCCL (n = 41) or OC (n = 40) between January 1, 2014 and February 28, 2018 at a referral center.MethodsMedical records of dogs and cats that underwent a PCCL or an OC were reviewed. History, signalment, physical examination, diagnostic tests, length of the procedure and anesthesia, complications, and duration of hospitalization were recorded.ResultsA total 17 cats (PCCL = 10; OC = 7) and 64 dogs (PCCL = 31; OC = 33) were included. There was no significant difference, regardless of species, in the mean surgical time (45 min [24‐160 min] and 48.5 min [15‐122 min] with P = .54 in dogs, P = .65 in cats) nor mean duration of anesthesia (90 min [50‐120 min] and 98 min [54‐223 min] with P = .87 in dogs, P = .08 in cats) in the PCCL and OC groups respectively. Number of uroliths did not affect duration of surgery in either group. Complete urolith removal was achieved in 98% of dogs and cats in both groups. The median hospitalization time was significantly shorter in the PCCL group for dogs (11.3 hours [range 4 to 51.3] in the PCCL vs 56.6 hours [range 7.3 to 96] in the OC group; P < .001) but did not differ for cats (24.5 hours [range 8.3 to 30] in the PCCL vs 56.6 hours [range 10.1 to 193.2] in the OC group; P = .08).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceBladder urolith removal by PCCL procedure is no longer than OC. Further studies are needed to compare the pain related to procedure between PCCL and OC.
Similarity but not equivalence: Ecological niche comparison between sandflies from the Pleistocene and future scenarios in Central and South America
Authors: Galvis‐Martinez Carlos A. , Moo‐Llanes David A. , Altamiranda‐Saavedra Mariano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSandfly species (Diptera: Psychodidae) are suspected or proven vectors of Leishmania spp. in the American region. Understanding niche conservatism (NC) in insect vectors allows an understanding of constraints on adaptive responses, and thus implications for disease ecology. Therefore, in this study, the authors evaluated NC in three vector species of leishmaniasis (Lutzomyia gomezi, Psathyromyia shannoni and Pintomyia ovallesi) in Central and South America. For this, the authors performed niche identity and similarity testing through paired comparisons in ENMTools and niche overlap in Niche Analyst. The authors found that species niches were more similar to each other than if the points had been randomly extracted, and they also found extensive similarity between Pa. shannoni and Lu. gomezi niches and in Pa. shannoni niches over different timescales. The authors suggest Pa. shannoni as a priority species due to fundamental niche similarity with phylogenetically related species and also its extensive evolutionary history and ecological plasticity that could affect the emergence and resurgence of leishmaniasis in areas endemic by this vector.
Alpha 2‐Heremans‐Schmid glycoprotein gene polymorphism (rs4918) is associated with coronary artery calcification in incident peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Dai Shuqi , Chen Yun , Shang Da , Ge Xiaolin , Yan Huanqing , Hao Chuanming , Zhu Tongying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimCoronary artery calcification (CAC) is a common and severe complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and it progresses in a majority of patients. Fetuin‐A, encoded by the alpha 2‐Heremans‐Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) gene, is a serum calcification inhibitor. The study aimed to examine the role of AHSG gene polymorphism rs4918 in CAC and CAC progression of PD patients.MethodsIncident PD patients at Huashan Hospital Fudan University in China from August 2007 to July 2018 were recruited in this prospective study and followed up for 2 years. Patients underwent CAC measurements at recruitment and 2 years later. AHSG gene polymorphism rs4918 and serum fetuin‐A were determined at baseline. The demographic characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory data were collected during the follow‐up period. Binary logistic regression was performed to explore the association between rs4918 with CAC and CAC progression.ResultsA total of 202 PD patients (112 men, 55.4%) were recruited, with a mean age of 54 ± 16 years. The multivariate logistic regression identified genotype GG as an independent risk factor that correlates to CAC (odds ratio [OR] = 2.153; 95% CI: 1.182–3.925; p = .012) and CAC progression (OR = 2.482; 95% CI: 1.422–4.330; p = .001). The serum fetuin‐A level was influenced by the rs4918 variants of AHSG, with a dose‐dependent effect depending on the number of the G allele.ConclusionAHSG gene polymorphism rs4918 affects serum fetuin‐A levels and is significantly associated with both CAC and CAC progression in a cohort of patients receiving PD.
Post‐COVID‐19 vaccination arm pain diagnosed as complex regional pain syndrome: A case report
Authors: Cho Jang Hyuk , Ahn Hye Chan , Choi Yongmin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs the vaccination efforts against the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) continue, more patients are likely to present with complications related to COVID‐19 vaccination. We describe the first reported case of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), involving the upper extremities, that occurred after COVID‐19 vaccination. The patient presented with acute‐onset severe arm pain and swelling following vaccine administration. Based on the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and radionuclide three‐phase bone scan findings, the patient was diagnosed with postvaccination CRPS. The COVID‐19 vaccine possibly elicited an immune‐mediated inflammatory response to the injected antigen in the patient, who was predisposed to CRPS due to inflammatory immunity. The COVID‐19 vaccine elicited an immune‐mediated inflammatory response to the injected antigen, resulting in CRPS following COVID‐19 vaccination.
An Approximation Algorithm for Blocking of an Experimental Design
Authors: Karmakar Bikram 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBlocked randomized designs are used to improve the precision of treatment effect estimates compared to a completely randomized design. A block is a set of units that are relatively homogeneous and consequently would tend to produce relatively similar outcomes if the treatment had no effect. The problem of finding the optimal blocking of the units into equal sized blocks of any given size larger than two is known to be a difficult problem—there is no polynomial time method guaranteed to find the optimal blocking. All available methods to solve the problem are heuristic methods. We propose methods that run in polynomial time and guarantee a blocking that is provably close to the optimal blocking. In all our simulation studies, the proposed methods perform better, create better homogeneous blocks, compared with the existing methods. Our blocking method aims to minimize the maximum of all pairwise differences of units in the same block. We show that bounding this maximum difference ensures that the error in the average treatment effect estimate is similarly bounded for all treatment assignments. In contrast, if the blocking bounds the average or sum of these differences, the error in the average treatment effect estimate can still be large in several treatment assignments.
CovNet: Covariance Networks for Functional Data on Multidimensional Domains
Authors: Sarkar Soham , Panaretos Victor M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCovariance estimation is ubiquitous in functional data analysis. Yet, the case of functional observations over multidimensional domains introduces computational and statistical challenges, rendering the standard methods effectively inapplicable. To address this problem, we introduce Covariance Networks (CovNet) as a modelling and estimation tool. The CovNet model is universal—it can be used to approximate any covariance up to desired precision. Moreover, the model can be fitted efficiently to the data and its neural network architecture allows us to employ modern computational tools in the implementation. The CovNet model also admits a closed-form eigendecomposition, which can be computed efficiently, without constructing the covariance itself. This facilitates easy storage and subsequent manipulation of a covariance in the context of the CovNet. We establish consistency of the proposed estimator and derive its rate of convergence. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated via an extensive simulation study and an application to resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data.
The diverse functions of the DEG/ENaC family: linking genetic and physiological insights
Authors: Kaulich Eva , Grundy Laura J. , Schafer William R. , Walker Denise S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe DEG/ENaC family of ion channels was defined based on the sequence similarity between degenerins (DEG) from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and subunits of the mammalian epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and also includes a diverse array of non‐voltage‐gated cation channels from across animal phyla, including the mammalian acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) and Drosophila pickpockets. ENaCs and ASICs have wide ranging medical importance; for example, ENaCs play an important role in respiratory and renal function, and ASICs in ischaemia and inflammatory pain, as well as being implicated in memory and learning. Electrophysiological approaches, both in vitro and in vivo, have played an essential role in establishing the physiological properties of this diverse family, identifying an array of modulators and implicating them in an extensive range of cellular functions, including mechanosensation, acid sensation and synaptic modulation. Likewise, genetic studies in both invertebrates and vertebrates have played an important role in linking our understanding of channel properties to function at the cellular and whole animal/behavioural level. Drawing together genetic and physiological evidence is essential to furthering our understanding of the precise cellular roles of DEG/ENaC channels, with the diversity among family members allowing comparative physiological studies to dissect the molecular basis of these diverse functions.
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Wind Load Effect Study on Large-Aperture Parabolic Trough Collector Mirror Fields
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Sun Jie , Xu Qi Li , Zhang Zhen Wen , Wang Li , Wei Jin Jia , Wang Steven 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Large-aperture parabolic trough collectors (LPTCs) are recognized as one of the most promising next-generation linear-focus concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. However, large apertures inevitably introduce higher wind loads and stronger inter-row interactions. In the present study, a multi-physics-coupled model is established to study the wind load effect on multiple rows of LPTCs. First, it is found that wind load fluctuates significantly in the first four rows and then decreases gradually. The first and second rows suffer the most and least damage, respectively. Because wind load effect is highly dependent on the row number, it is recommended to build wind fences and reinforce the strength of collectors according to their positions in the solar field. Second, the wind load reduction effectiveness of the varied focal length design, incorporated in the LPTC, is numerically validated so that the stress and optical efficiency loss can be reduced by 29.1% and 58.9%, respectively. Finally, the optical efficiency loss is first introduced to evaluate the wind load reduction performance of different mirror gap sizes. The optimal mirror gap size is found to be dependent on the weight coefficient between the wind load reduction and the optical efficiency, which should be determined by the actual scenario. For weight coefficients of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, optimal mirror gap sizes of 90 mm, 30 mm, and 120 mm, respectively, are recommended for reference.