bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends in disease-specific causes of cardiovascular mortality amongst patients with cancer in the USA between 1999 and 2019
Authors: Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , Kobo Ofer , Freeman Phillip , Petersen Steffen E , Kolman Louis , Miller Robert J H , Roguin Ariel , Van Spall Harriette G C , Vuong Jacqueline , Yang Eric H , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
We report disease-specific cardiovascular causes of mortality among cancer patients in the USA between 1999 and 2019, considering temporal trends by age, sex, and cancer site.

Methods and results
We used the Multiple Cause of Death database, accessed through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research resource. We included 629 308 decedents with cardiovascular disease (CVD) recorded as the primary cause of death and active malignancy listed as a contributing cause of death. We created disease-specific CVD categories and grouped cancers by site. We calculated the proportion of CVD deaths attributed to each disease category stratified by sex, age, and cancer site. We also examined disease-specific temporal trends by cancer site. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was the most common cardiovascular cause of death across all cancer types (55.6%), being more common in men (59.8%), older ages, and in those with lung (67.8%) and prostate (58.3%) cancers. Cerebrovascular disease (12.9%) and hypertensive diseases (7.6%) were other common causes of death. The proportion of deaths due to heart failure was greatest in haematological (7.7%) and breast (6.3%) cancers. There was a decreasing temporal trend in the proportion of cardiovascular deaths attributed to IHD across all cancer types. The proportion of deaths due to hypertensive diseases showed the greatest percentage increase, with the largest change in breast cancer patients (+191.1%).

Conclusion
We demonstrate differential cardiovascular mortality risk by cancer site and demographics, providing insight into the evolving healthcare needs of this growing high-cardiovascular risk population.
β-blocker adherence among patients with congenital long QT syndrome: a nationwide study
Authors: Krøll Johanna , Butt Jawad H , Jensen Henrik K , Fosbøl Emil L , Camilla H B Jespersen , Winkel Bo G , Kanters Jørgen K , Gislason Gunnar H , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Bundgaard Henning , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Weeke Peter E 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimβ-blockers are the first line of treatment in patients with congenital long QT syndrome (cLQTS) (class I or II recommendation) in order to prevent malignant arrhythmias. Hence, we examined long-term β-blocker adherence and associated risk factors among patients with cLQTS.Methods and resultsDanish patients with cLQTS claiming a prescription for any β-blocker after their cLQTS diagnosis were identified using data from nationwide registries and specialized inherited cardiac disease clinics (1995–2017). Patients were followed for up to 5 years. Treatment breaks &gt;60 days were assessed (i.e. proxy for reduced adherence). Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify risk factors associated with breaks of &gt;60 days in β-blocker treatment. Overall, 500 out of 633 (79%) patients with cLQTS claimed at least one prescription for any β-blocker after cLQTS diagnosis. During follow-up, 38.4% had a treatment break. Risk factors significantly associated with treatment breaks were implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–2.53], β-blocker side effects (HR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.75–4.13), and psychiatric disease (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.04–2.57). In contrast, patients presenting with ventricular tachycardia/syncope as cLQTS disease manifestation were less likely to have a treatment break compared with asymptomatic patients (HR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.92).ConclusionReduced β-blocker adherence was common with more than a third of patients having a treatment break &gt;60 days after cLQTS diagnosis. Patients with psychiatric disease, self-reported β-blocker side effects, and an ICD were more likely to display reduced adherence, whereas a severe cLQTS disease manifestation was associated with optimal β-blocker adherence.
Freire’s problem-posing model: critical pedagogy and young learners
Authors: Nelson Nadine , Chen Julian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The instructional rationale behind critical pedagogy is to provide students the opportunity to voice their personal stories and opinions, and to reflect and act upon social concerns relevant to their daily lives. Students can then practice being agents of transformation in their own lives, starting in the classroom. This paper is based on the first author’s experience of experimenting with critical pedagogy when she was teaching in the UAE. It justifies the suitability of implementing Paulo Freire’s problem-posing model with younger EFL learners. Outlining the tenets of critical pedagogy developed by Freire, the authors support the practical nature of the model and its transference to a primary setting. The authors explicate Freire’s problem-posing model as five phases, providing a background and case study application for each phase. The intention is to present a practical guide for teachers wishing to implement critical approaches in the EFL classroom.
Rethinking early music in a time of isolation
Authors: Williams Tim , Williamson Magnus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Through the covid-19 pandemic, the choir of St Wulfram’s Church, Grantham has approached elaborate Tudor polyphony via digital, virtual and hybrid methods. Remote music production devolves responsibility to individuals within a choir. It reframes trust dynamics among choir members, and between singers and their director. This helped singers to encounter polyphony in a new way while isolated from one another, rethinking repertory and re-evaluating their understanding of this period in music history. Re-creating historical performance factors by new means generated intriguing results. As in-person singing has gradually returned for parish church choirs, members have developed new confidence in singing polyphonic music.
Closing the Gap Between Observational Research and Randomized Controlled Trials for Prevention of Alzheimer Disease and Dementia
Authors: Power Melinda C , Engelman Brittany C , Wei Jingkai , Glymour M Maria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although observational studies have identified modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of risk factor modification for ADRD prevention have been inconsistent or inconclusive. This finding suggests a need to improve translation between observational studies and RCTs. However, many common features of observational studies reduce their relevance to designing related RCTs. Observational studies routinely differ from RCTs with respect to eligibility criteria, study population, length of follow-up, treatment conditions, outcomes, and effect estimates. Using the motivating example of blood pressure reduction for ADRD prevention, we illustrate the need for a tighter connection between observational studies and RCTs, discuss barriers to using typically reported observational evidence in developing RCTs, and highlight methods that may be used to make observational research more relevant to clinical trial design. We conclude that the questions asked and answered by observational research can be made more relevant to clinical trial design and that better use of observational data may increase the likelihood of successful, or at least definitive, trials. Although we focus on improving translation of observational studies on risk factors for ADRD to RCTs in ADRD prevention, the overarching themes are broadly applicable to many areas of biomedical research.
COVID-19 income and price shocks effect on household food access in Malawi
Authors: Sassi Maria , Trital Gopal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The paper contributes to the scarce literature on the negative effect of coronavirus 2019-induced income and food price shocks on household economic access to food, focusing on Malawi during the first two pandemic waves and using a country representative sample. We find that household income reduction, as explained by income source shocks and health mitigation measures, has a wave-specific and persistent effect on ordinal categories of food security perception. Our evidence supports the implementation and monthly scaling-up of nutrition-sensitive social protection programmes and health measures at the household level to address these adverse effects.
Acute rate control in atrial fibrillation: an urgent need for the clinician
Authors: Dan Gheorghe-Andrei , Dan Anca R , Ivanescu Andreea , Buzea Adrian C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rate and rhythm control are still considered equivalent strategies for symptom control using the Atrial Fibrillation Better Care algorithm recommended by the recent atrial fibrillation guideline. In acute situations or critically ill patients, a personalized approach should be used for rapid rhythm or rate control. Even though electrical cardioversion is generally indicated in haemodynamically unstable patients or for rapid effective rhythm control in critically ill patients, this is not always possible due to the high percentage of failure or relapses in such patients. Rate control remains the background therapy for all these patients, and often rapid rate control is mandatory. Short and rapid-onset-acting beta-blockers are the most suitable drugs for acute rate control. Esmolol was the classical example; however, landiolol a newer very selective beta-blocker, recently included in the European atrial fibrillation guideline, has a more favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile with less haemodynamic interference and is better appropriate for critically ill patients.
Determinants of adherence to diet and exercise behaviours among individuals with metabolic syndrome based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour model: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Dandan , Zhang Hui , Shao Jing , Tang Leiwen , Cui Nianqi , Wang Xiyi , Wu Jingjie , Wang Dan , Ye Zhihong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsAdherence to diet and exercise recommendations is crucial among metabolic syndrome (MetS) individuals. However, no studies have focused on comprehensive behavioural changes of diet and exercise among individuals with MetS. The present study aimed to explore determinants of adherence to diet and exercise behaviours among people with MetS based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model.Methods and resultsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a health promotion centre of a large and general university hospital in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2021. A total of 241 individuals with MetS completed all scales. The mediation model was tested using structural equation modelling with bootstrapped samples. In the regression-based path analysis, MetS knowledge (β = 0.140), socioeconomic status (β = 0.162), and social support (β = 0.143) directly positively influenced diet behaviour. In addition, social support indirectly positively influenced exercise behaviour through coping and adaptation (β = 0.090). The final theoretical model showed a good fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.057, comparative fit index = 0.946).ConclusionFactors associated with diet behaviour were knowledge of MetS, socioeconomic status, and social support. Adaptation may be a mediator between social support and exercise behaviour. Intervention programmes targeting increased adherence to diet and exercise could include these factors for individuals with MetS.
Symptom detection and the relationship with self-care in heart failure
Authors: Lee Kyoung Suk , Jeon Eun-Seok , Park Jae-Hyeong , Jung Mi Sook , Yun Hyeri , Kong Hee Jin , Choi Jin-Oh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim
Patients with heart failure (HF) may have difficulty detecting symptom changes. However, most research has relied on medical record reviews or patient recall. Therefore, it is important to prospectively explore symptom detection in HF and the relationship with self-care. This study aimed at (i) prospectively identifying distinct symptom detection groups and comparing characteristics among the groups and (ii) exploring the association between symptom detection groups and self-care.

Methods and results
One hundred and thirty-two patients rated their shortness of breath (SOB) using the modified Borg scale at four-time points after a 6-min walk test (6-MWT). A trained nurse simultaneously and independently rated patients’ SOB using the same scale. Latent class growth modelling was used to identify distinct trajectories of the differences in SOB ratings between the patients and nurses after the 6-MWT. After identifying the symptom detection groups, the characteristics of each group were compared, and the relationship between self-care and the symptom detection groups was examined using the multivariate linear regression. Three distinct symptom detection groups were identified: over-estimation (6.1%), consistent (69.7%), and under-estimation (24.2%) groups. There were no significant sample characteristics among the three symptom detection groups, except for attention. There was no relationship between self-care and symptom detection groups.

Conclusions
We identified three distinct symptom detection groups, implying that different approaches are needed to improve patients’ symptom detection ability. The non-significant relationship between the symptom detection groups and self-care may be because we only measured symptom detection, which is only one aspect of the symptom perception process.
Religious/spiritual coping, symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety in caregivers of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: da Silva Adriana Paula , Araujo Ana Cláudia Moura Caetano , Mesquita Izabelle Mara Rodrigues , Fonseca Elvi Cristina Rojas , Tomé Janaíne Machado , Palhares Heloísa Marcelina da Cunha , Silva Élida Mara Carneiro , Borges Maria de Fátima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
It was verified the level of religiosity and spirituality, and symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety of caregivers of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and its interference in glycaemic control.

Methods
Socio-economic and demographic data were collected from caregivers of 59 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and obtained dosages of fasting glucose (FG); postprandial glycaemia (PPG); fructosamine (FRUTO); and HbA1c, as well as the glycaemic variability—∆HbA1c. Levels of religiosity were obtained by the DUREL scale; the use of religious/spiritual coping was verified by the SRCOPE-Brief scale. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were analysed by the DASS-21 scale. The correlations between the variables were analysed by the Pearson coefficient, with significance at 5% level.

Results
Inverse correlations were observed between caregivers’ schooling with PPG (r = −0.30; P = 0.002) and FRUTO (r = −0.34; P = 0.008) and between family income and FRUTO (r = −0.37; P = 0.004). Direct, moderate correlations were observed between negative religious/spiritual coping (NSRCOPE) with symptoms of depression (r = 0.588; P &lt; 0.0001), stress (r = 0.500; P &lt; 0.0001), and anxiety (r = 0.551; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
The direct association between NSRCOPE with symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety was the highlighted item in the present study emphasizing the need for greater attention to the emotional health of informal caregivers of children and adolescents with DM1. It is necessary to reflect on the religious/spiritual support especially for the main caregiver of children and adolescents with DM1.
The patient’s “story”: an examination of patient-reported safety incidents in general practice
Authors: Madden Caoimhe , Lydon Sinéad , Murphy Andrew W , O’Connor Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Patient safety incidents (PSIs) are typically studied through engagement with healthcare providers, without input from patients despite their privileged viewpoint of care experiences.

Objectives
To examine the potential of the patient viewpoint as a lens for future safety improvement initiatives, by: (i) collecting and analysing patients’ accounts of PSIs; and (ii) comparing patient and clinician perceptions of PSIs.

Methods
Firstly, Critical Incident Technique (CIT) interviews were used to obtain rich descriptions of PSIs, which were then condensed into patient stories. Deductive content analysis was used to code the safety deficiencies described in patient stories using patient-derived safety categories. Secondly, General Practitioners (GPs) and patients individually rated the perceived severity and likelihood of each story.

Results
A total of 32 eligible patient stories were obtained from 25 interviews. Stories commonly described deficiencies related to communication, staff performance, and compassion/dignity/respect. There were significant differences in GP (n = 14) and patient (n = 11) severity and likelihood ratings. GPs were significantly more likely to consider stories to be a lower severity, and occurring with a lower frequency than patients.

Conclusion
Elicitation of the patient perspective using the CIT allowed for the rich description of safety deficiencies that occur in general practice. Given that patients bring a unique and important viewpoint on safety, there is a need to make greater efforts to include the patient perspective of safety in healthcare.
Hiding in plain sight—wildlife as a neglected reservoir and pathway for the spread of antimicrobial resistance: a narrative review
Authors: Abbassi Mohamed Salah , Badi Souhir , Lengliz Sana , Mansouri Riadh , Salah Hammami , Hynds Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance represents a global health problem, with infections due to pathogenic antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) predicted to be the most frequent cause of human mortality by 2050. The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance has spread to and across all ecological niches, and particularly in livestock used for food production with antimicrobials consumed in high volumes. Similarly, hospitals and other healthcare facilities are recognized as significant ‘hotspots’ of ARB and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs); however, over the past decade, new and previously overlooked ecological niches are emerging as hidden reservoirs of ARB/ARGs. Increasingly extensive and intensive industrial activities, degradation of natural environments, burgeoning food requirements, urbanization, and global climatic change have all dramatically affected the evolution and proliferation of ARB/ARGs, which now stand at extremely concerning ecological levels. While antimicrobial resistant bacteria and genes as they originate and emanate from livestock and human hosts have been extensively studied over the past 30 years, numerous ecological niches have received considerably less attention. In the current descriptive review, the authors have sought to highlight the importance of wildlife as sources/reservoirs, pathways and receptors of ARB/ARGs in the environment, thus paving the way for future primary research in these areas.
Comparative Genomics of Disease and Carriage Serotype 1 Pneumococci
Authors: Chaguza Chrispin , Ebruke Chinelo , Senghore Madikay , Lo Stephanie W. , Tientcheu Peggy-Estelle , Gladstone Rebecca A. , Tonkin-Hill Gerry , Cornick Jennifer E. , Yang Marie , Worwui Archibald , McGee Lesley , Breiman Robert F. , Klugman Keith P. , Kadioglu Aras , Everett Dean B. , Mackenzie Grant , Croucher Nicholas J. , Roca Anna , Kwambana-Adams Brenda A. , Antonio Martin , Bentley Stephen D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in systemic tissues of patients with invasive disease versus the nasopharynx of healthy individuals with asymptomatic carriage varies widely. Some serotypes are hyper-invasive, particularly serotype 1, but the underlying genetics remain poorly understood due to the rarity of carriage isolates, reducing the power of comparison with invasive isolates. Here, we use a well-controlled genome-wide association study to search for genetic variation associated with invasiveness of serotype 1 pneumococci from a serotype 1 endemic setting in Africa. We found no consensus evidence that certain genomic variation is overrepresented among isolates from patients with invasive disease than asymptomatic carriage. Overall, the genomic variation explained negligible phenotypic variability, suggesting a minimal effect on the disease status. Furthermore, changes in lineage distribution were seen with lineages replacing each other over time, highlighting the importance of continued pathogen surveillance. Our findings suggest that the hyper-invasiveness is an intrinsic property of the serotype 1 strains, not specific for a “disease-associated” subpopulation disproportionately harboring unique genomic variation.
Resistance and Daily Life in East Germany: District Gransee as ‘Place’
Authors: Bruce Gary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article employs the ‘second chapter’ of the history of daily life (Alltagsgeschichte) to examine grass-roots resistance to the communist system in the former East German district of Gransee. It has two primary goals. First, it posits a bridge between the two solitudes of ‘resistance’ history and ‘daily life’ history. Typically, historians of daily life have not examined resistance in East Germany, nor have historians of resistance used the methodology of the history of everyday life to investigate their subject. ‘Dictatorship’ and ‘daily life’ are not, however, mutually exclusive terms. Second, the article centres ‘place’ as an organizational concept for both resistance and daily life. What was idiosyncratic to a locality informed the limits and potential of resistance. Place also becomes a useful concept for distinguishing between resistance and opposition. Colonizing a public space in order to transmit one’s oppositional views immediately conveys an act into the resistance realm. This article therefore explores the key socio-economic factors in District Gransee from which resistance could arise and the many ways that East Germans used the spaces of everyday life, such as schools, train stations and pubs, to communicate their opposition to the East German system.