bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction Skill of GEFSv12 for Southwest Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Associated Extreme Rainfall Events on Extended Range Scale over India
Authors: Nageswararao M. M. , Zhu Yuejian , Tallapragada Vijay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) from June to September (JJAS) contributes 80% of the total annual rainfall in India and controls the agricultural productivity and economy of the country. Extreme rainfall (ER) events are responsible for floods that cause widespread destruction of infrastructure, economic damage, and loss of life. A forecast of the ISMR and associated ER events on an extended range (beyond the conventional one-week lead time) is vital for the agronomic economy of the country. In September 2020, NOAA/NCEP implemented Global Ensemble Forecast System, version 12 (GEFSv12) for various risk management applications. It has generated consistent reanalysis and reforecast data for the period 2000–19. In the present study, the Raw-GEFSv12 with day-1–16 lead-time rainfall forecasts are calibrated using the quantile (QQ) mapping technique against Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA) for further improvement. The present study evaluated the prediction skill of Raw and QQ-GEFSv12 for ISMR and ER events over India by using standard skill metrics. The results suggest that the ISMR patterns from Raw and QQ-GEFSv12 with (lead) day 1–16 are similar to IMDAA. However, Raw-GEFSv12 has a dry bias in most parts of prominent rainfall regions. The low- to medium-intensity rainfall events from Raw-GEFSv12 is remarkably higher than the IMDAA, while high- to very-high-intensity rainfall events from Raw-GEFSv12 are lower than IMDAA. The prediction skill of Raw-GEFSv12 in depicting ISMR and associated ER events decreased with lead time, while the prediction skill is almost equal for all lead times with marginal improvement after calibration.
Endovascular Intervention in Internal Carotid Artery Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury: An EAST Multicenter Study
Authors: Lauerman Margaret , Esposito Emily , Spalding Chance , Simpson Joshua , Dunn Julie A. , Zier Linda , Burruss Sigrid , Kim Paul , Jacobson Lewis E. , Williams Jamie , Nahmias Jeffry , Grigorian Areg , Harmon Laura , Gergen Anna , Chatoor Matthew , Rattan Rishi , Young Andrew J. , Pascual Jose L. , Murry Jason , Ong Adrian W. , Muller Alison , Sandhu Rovinder S. , Appelbaum Rachel , Bugaev Nikolay , Tatar Antony , Zreik Khaled , Lieser Mark J. , Scalea Thomas M. , Stein Deborah M. 
Published: April 2022

Background Use of endovascular intervention (EI) for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is without consensus guidelines. Rates of EI use and radiographic characteristics of BCVI undergoing EI nationally are unknown. Methods A post-hoc analysis of a prospective, observational study at 16 U.S. trauma centers from 2018 to 2020 was conducted. Internal carotid artery (ICA) BCVI was included. The primary outcome was EI use. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for predictors of EI use. Results From 332 ICA BCVI included, 21 (6.3%) underwent EI. 0/145 (0%) grade 1, 8/101 (7.9%) grade 2, 12/51 (23.5%) grade 3, and 1/20 (5.0%) grade 4 ICA BCVI underwent EI. Stroke occurred in 6/21 (28.6%) ICA BCVI undergoing EI and in 33/311 (10.6%) not undergoing EI ( P = .03), with all strokes with EI use occurring prior to or at the same time as EI. Percentage of luminal stenosis (37.75 vs 20.29%, P = .01) and median pseudoaneurysm size (9.00 mm vs 3.00 mm, P = .01) were greater in ICA BCVI undergoing EI. On logistic regression, only pseudoaneurysm size was associated with EI (odds ratio 1.205, 95% CI 1.035-1.404, P = .02). Of the 8 grade 2 ICA BCVI undergoing EI, 3/8 were grade 2 and 5/8 were grade 3 prior to EI. Of the 12 grade 3 ICA BCVI undergoing EI, 11/12 were grade 3 and 1/12 was a grade 2 ICA BCVI prior to EI. Discussion Pseudoaneurysm size is associated with use of EI for ICA BCVI. Stroke is more common in ICA BCVI with EI but did not occur after EI use.
Routine Lower Extremity Screening Ultrasound Protocols in Trauma Patients Are Not Cost Effective
Authors: Miles M. Victoria P. , Brown Caroline N. H. , Webster Cassidy C. , Armistead Charles , Gilchrist S. Austin , Everett Hayley , Wilson Andrew , Maxwell Robert 
Published: April 2022

Background Despite prophylaxis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism remain dreaded complications following traumatic injury and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Screening ultrasound (US) protocols have been employed in trauma centers for early detection of lower extremity (LE) deep venous thrombosis. We hypothesized that screening lower extremity venous duplex US would not prove cost effective in our trauma population who receives early pharmacologic prophylaxis. Methods Data was collected for one year on all adult trauma patients admitted to the trauma service from December 2019 to 2020. DVT screening US was obtained at 3 days after admission for patients with long bone or pelvic fracture, spinal cord injury, immobility, and/or spinal fracture requiring surgery. Screening US was obtained at 7 days for all others and repeated weekly until discharge. Data was retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results Exactly 1365 patients met inclusion criteria with median ISS 12 (IQR, 9-17), median age 56 (IQR, 36-73 years), and with majority blunt injuries (90.7%). A total of 1369 screening US were performed finding 27 DVTs (2%). The total cost of screening for the year analyzed amounted to over $270,000 with 50.7 screening US needed to detect 1 DVT. This resulted in an average screening cost of over $10,000 for the detection of a single DVT. Discussion In trauma patients receiving early pharmacologic prophylaxis, routine LE screening US protocols to detect LE DVT are not cost effective.
Gender-Based Analysis of the Association Between Mental Health, Sleep Quality, Aggression, and Physical Activity Among University Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Vuelvas-Olmos César Rubén , Sánchez-Vidaña Dalinda Isabel , Cortés-Álvarez Nadia Yanet 
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 has spread throughout the world, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and negative psychological effects among general population. However, university students are particularly vulnerable in terms of mental health. The present study evaluated the association between mental health, quality of sleep, aggression, and physical activity in university students in Mexico after 1 year of dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, including a gender-sensitive analysis. Participants (935 university students) completed an online questionnaire which collected information regarding demographic data, psychological distress (IES-R scale), depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21), aggressiveness Buss-Perry Aggressive Questionnaire, sleep quality (PSQI) and physical activity (IPAQ-S). Findings showed that female students showed significantly higher scores in psychological distress, anxiety, stress scores and sleep quality, as compared to male students. By contrast, male students showed significantly higher scores on aggressiveness than female students. In addition, on physical activity, females performed significantly higher MET-min/week on moderate and high levels. Finally, liner regression model accounted for approximately 73.5% of the variance in DASS-21 scores, with the body mass index, IES-R, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and IPAQ subscales, emerging as significant individual (positive) predictors. Therefore, the pandemic affected female and male students differently. Female students reported more psychological distress, anxiety, and stress while male students reported higher aggressiveness. The differences observed may be due to physiological differences, the response to stress, and differences in sensitivity to life events.
Clinical Predictors of OSA Treatment Success Following Implantation of a Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Device
Authors: Boroosan Avrahan , Salapatas Anna M. , Friedman Michael 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo identify prognostic indicators associated with successful hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) therapy to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), focusing on patients’ physiologic response to awake tongue protrusion.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsWe included consecutive patients with moderate‐severe OSA who underwent HGNS implantation from December 2017 to December 2019. Data abstracted include standard demographics, body mass index (BMI), pre‐ and postoperative apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), and Friedman tongue position (FTP). Additionally, change in hypopharyngeal cross‐sectional area on awake tongue protrusion was abstracted. Patients protruded their tongues, and the physician visualized change. Positive change in hypopharyngeal cross‐sectional area was documented as +1 and a negative change as −1. Chi‐square tests for independence and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine indicators of successful surgery.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were included in this study. Mean ± SD AHI decreased significantly from 43.1 ± 17.36 to 9.18 ± 8.18. Surgical success was achieved in 79.5% of patients. Variables analyzed included BMI >32, preoperative AHI, FTP, and change in hypopharyngeal cross‐sectional area on awake tongue protrusion (positive, 65.8%; negative, 34.2%). Positive predictors of success were positive change in hypopharyngeal cross‐sectional area (P =. 0133), severe OSA (P =. 0290), and FTP IIb (P <. 0001). Negative predictors were BMI >32 (P =. 041) and negative change in hypopharyngeal cross‐sectional area (P =. 02).ConclusionPositive change in hypopharyngeal cross‐sectional area on awake tongue protrusion and severe baseline AHI were positive predictors of successful HGNS therapy. Negative change in hypopharyngeal cross‐sectional area on awake tongue protrusion and BMI >32 were negative predictors.
Exploring the experiences of individuals living with persistent pain using a visual art diary
Authors: Lou Jasmine , Pourkazemi Fereshteh , Mackenzie Lynette 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Persistent pain significantly impacts daily living. Visual arts interventions can have positive outcomes, but little is known about benefits for people with persistent pain. This study aimed to explore participant experiences of utilising visual art in expressing and managing their persistent pain experience through a visual diary. Method As part of a small exploratory study nested in a larger project, participants with a history of persistent pain were recruited from a local pain management clinic. Six participants with persistent pain attended five weekly intervention sessions involving art observation, creation and discussion, at the Art Gallery of NSW. Participants explored their ideas about their pain experience through artmaking using visual and written data from self-reported pain diaries. Thematic analysis was used. Results Analysis of five diaries was conducted. Visual and written expressions of the pain experience varied. Colour was used by participants to represent ideas and emotions. Capital letters were used to convey tone, or emphasis. Three main themes emerged from the written and visual data: ‘The lived experience of pain’, ‘The powerful drive for growth beyond change itself’ and ‘Personal values and perceptions guiding daily living and decision-making’. Conclusion This study provides insights into the potential benefits of using visual arts to help manage persistent pain experiences and improve health outcomes.
Perspectives on Aging and End of Life Among Lower Socioeconomic Status (SES) Older Adults
Authors: Coogan Anne , Kimpel Christine , Jones Abigail C. , Barroso Julie , Frechman Erica , Maxwell Cathy A. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To explore the experiences of aging that influence perceptions of and receptivity to planning for aging and EOL among lower SES older adults. Methods: Supported by a frailty-focused communication educational aid, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 older adults residing in income-assisted housing. Follow-up interviews were conducted 2 weeks later. Descriptive content analysis was performed. Results: Participants mean age was 62.4, and 75% were African American. Six categories emerged to create a narrative of lower SES older adults’ experiences, including (1) readiness to plan for aging and EOL, (2) interaction with the healthcare system, (3) daily life with insufficient resources, (4) the role of religiosity, (5) relationships with others, and (6) motivation and health status. Discussion: Life course vulnerabilities and struggles of lower SES older adults preclude opportunities to proactively plan for aging and EOL. Holistic interventions and innovative approaches are needed to address aging across the life course.
Proximity to Alcohol Sellers and Dose Response Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption With Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Ohurira Tushaba , Iyer Hari S. , Wagman Jennifer A. , Hahn Judith A. , Bajunirwe Francis 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with several adverse public health outcomes and alcohol use is one of its risk factors. Proximity to alcohol selling points could be linked with problem drinking and IPV. We aimed to determine whether proximal location to alcohol and intensity of alcohol consumption are associated with IPV in rural southwest Uganda. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in rural southwest Uganda with structured interviews at household level. We used the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) and the Conflict Tactics Scale to measure past year alcohol consumption and IPV (perpetration and victimization). We estimated Euclidean distances between participants’ households and nearest alcohol outlets using geographic information systems. We used generalized estimating equation models to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for the factors associated with IPV. Results: We enrolled 742 participants and median age was 41 years (inter-quartile range or IQR 32-53) and 52.2% of respondents were male. The overall prevalence of IPV in the past year was 52.2%. In a multivariable regression model, women (aOR = 2.24, 95%CI 1.28, 3.91) compared to men, those living proximal to an alcohol selling point (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.38, 2.27) were more likely to experience IPV. There was a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and IPV. With non-drinkers as the reference category, the aORs were 4.54 (95% CI 2.04, 10.08) for casual drinkers, 10.53 (95% CI 4.15, 26.77) for hazardous drinkers and 15.31 (95% CI 4.73, 49.54) for alcohol dependent drinkers. Conclusion: IPV is very common and has a dose-response relationship with alcohol consumption and drinking outlet proximity. There is an urgent need for IPV and alcohol interventions programs in these rural communities. Policy to restrict proximity of alcohol outlets to residential locations should be examined as an intervention for alcohol consumption and IPV perpetration.
Performance investigation of heat exchanger tube fitted with hyperbolic-cut twisted tape in turbulent flow
Authors: Rajan Abhijit , Prasad Laljee 
Published: April 2022

Investigation of Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermo-hydraulic performance characteristics in turbulent flow tube with hyperbolic-cut twisted tape (HCTT) has been reported using ANSYS Fluent 19.2. The effect of hyperbolic-cut ratios (0.3 [Formula: see text] b/c [Formula: see text] 1.2) and non-dimensional cut width (0.56 [Formula: see text] c/w [Formula: see text] 0.89) are inspected for 10000 [Formula: see text] Re [Formula: see text] 22000 in a tube of 20 mm diameter. In the present study, the comparison is made among all available turbulence models, and k- [Formula: see text] RNG turbulence model is found to be reliable. The present turbulence model is also compared with existing experimental data. The tube equipped with HCTT provides swirling of flow and additional flow around the cuts. This induced flow enables heat transfer and pressure drop between the core and near-wall region of the tube. The presence of hyperbolic-cut leads to better mixing and centrifugal motion of near-wall fluid, which has a remarkable effect on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics in the fluid region. The Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermo-hydraulic performance of HCTT are enhanced up to 12.16%, 22.54%, and 7.36% compared to TT, respectively. The performance of the present geometry is compared with twisted tape and is found to be best for non-dimensional cut width of 0.67 for all the values of Re 10000–22000. The performance of the proposed geometry has also been compared with existing works, and performance is found to be excellent for Re [Formula: see text] 16000. Further, correlations have been developed to predict the Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermo-hydraulic performance. This numerical investigation could be expected to be helpful for engineers and researchers in designing modern heat exchangers.
Detection of rail local defects using in-service trains
Authors: Shadfar Morad , Molatefi Habibollah 
Published: April 2022

As track components deteriorate, their interaction dynamic response will alter accelerations on the train. Measuring acceleration on train components is a method to conduct condition monitoring of track defects. The measured signal can be used for the detection of rail surface defects which implement impacts on measured accelerations. In this paper, the axle-box acceleration (ABA) is measured in a subway as a case study. Fourier transform (FFT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble EMD (EEMD) methods are used to study accelerations relative to the track. Wheel frequencies are calculated using finite element method (FEM) to determine frequency couplings. Velocity-dependent/independent components and source of excitation of the measured signal are distinguished. Results indicated that the FFT approach can be applied for both velocity-dependent and velocity-independent vibration components for frequencies up to 680 Hz. Also, the EEMD method can be used to distinguish the impact component of the measured signal.
Aggravation of discoid lupus erythematosus in a patient with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis during treatment of secukinumab: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Hsieh Chang-Yu , Tsai Tsen-Fang 
Published: April 2022

Background The coexistence of psoriasis and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) is uncommon. Treatment for concomitant psoriasis and LE is challenging because some valid treatments for LE such as hydroxychloroquine and systemic corticosteroid are known to aggravate psoriasis. Th17 pathway is shared by these two disease entities. Thus, biologics targeting Th17 pathway, including ustekinumab and secukinumab, have been successfully used in the treatment of patients with concomitant psoriasis and LE. Purpose We report a patient with aggravation of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) after secukinumab treatment for psoriasis. Reseach design Case report. Study sample One patient was included in this case report. Data collection and analysis Clinical and pathological pictures were presented after informed consent. Result Symptoms of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis almost resolved after 150 mg secukinumab every four weeks for 2 years, but lesions of DLE enlarged and became generalized. Conclusion LE is a highly heterogeneous disease, and further studies are required to find the optimal treatment in patients suffering from both LE and psoriasis.
Pediatric Concurrent Hospice Care: Cost Implications of a Hybrid Payment Model
Authors: Cozad Melanie J. , Svynarenko Radion , Hinds Pamela S. , Mack Jennifer W. , Keim-Malpass Jessica , Lindley Lisa C. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Implementation of concurrent hospice care led to a new hybrid payment model that combines hospice payments with payments for non-hospice medical care. Little is known about the cost implications of this new hybrid payment model. Objective: The purpose was to identify costs and compare concurrent care and standard hospice care costs by estimating the average incremental Medicaid cost of care over time. Methods: Using national Medicaid data of 18 147 hospice children and a multilevel generalized linear model, we calculated the incremental costs of receiving concurrent vs standard hospice care. We used the total cost of care over the last year of life. Increments for the analysis were hospice length of stay, stratified to 1 day, 2-14 days, and 15 + days. Results: Overall, compared to standard hospice care, enrollment in concurrent hospice care was significantly associated with an increase in outpatient care and prescription drug costs. For a stay of 1 day, concurrent hospice care decreased inpatient costs and increased costs of prescription drugs. For stays between 2 and 14 days, concurrent hospice decreased total costs and inpatient costs, but increased prescription drug costs. With a hospice stay of 15 + days, concurrent hospice had significantly higher costs across all measures, including total costs, inpatient costs, outpatient costs, and prescription drug costs. Conclusion: This study provides critical insight into incremental costs of receiving concurrent vs standard hospice care. More research is needed to understand how concurrent hospice lengthy hospice stays are associated with increases of costs.
Prenatal Consultation Outcomes for Infants With Cleft Lip With and Without Cleft Palate
Authors: Thompson Rachel L. , Thorson Heidi L. , Chinnadurai Sivakumar , Tibesar Robert J. , Roby Brianne B. 
Published: April 2022

To assess the clinical impacts of prenatal consultation with a multidisciplinary cleft team on infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P). Retrospective cases series. Tertiary pediatric hospital. Infants with CL ± P whose mothers received prenatal consultation with a pediatric otolaryngology team from June 2005 to December 2019 were identified. A random sample of infants with CL ± P without prenatal consultation from June 2005 to December 2019 was also identified. The primary outcomes were the length of hospitalization during the first 12 weeks of life, timing of surgical repair, length of postsurgical hospitalization, and number of unplanned clinic visits and phone calls for feeding evaluation. Time to cleft lip repair differed significantly between the 2 groups with repair performed at 13.4 (±0.9) weeks for the prenatal consultation group (n = 73) and 15.3 (±2.1) weeks for the control group (n = 80), ( P < .05). If hospitalization was required for feeding difficulties during the first 12 weeks of life, length of stay was 4.9 (± 1.7) days for infants with prenatal consultation and 11.5 (± 7.2) days for control infants ( P < .05). Unplanned clinic visits with a speech-language pathologist (SLP) for feeding difficulties were needed for 2.7% of prenatal consultation infants and 11.3% of control infants ( P < .05). Prenatal consultation regarding CL ± P resulted in infants with decreased duration of early hospitalizations, earlier cleft lip repair, and decreased engagement with the SLP feeding clinic for feeding difficulties when compared with infants without prenatal consultation.