bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of PrsA over-expression on the Bacillus subtilis transcriptome during fed-batch fermentation of alpha-amylase production
Authors: Geissler Adrian S , Poulsen Line D , Doncheva Nadezhda T , Anthon Christian , Seemann Stefan E , González-Tortuero Enrique , Breüner Anne , Jensen Lars J , Hjort Carsten , Vinther Jeppe , Gorodkin Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe production of the alpha-amylase (AMY) enzyme in Bacillus subtilis at a high rate leads to the accumulation of unfolded AMY, which causes secretion stress. The over-expression of the PrsA chaperone aids the enzyme folding and reduces stress. To identify affected pathways and potential mechanisms involved in the reduced growth, we analyzed the transcriptomic differences during fed-batch fermentation between a PrsA over-expressing strain and a control in a time-series RNA-seq experiment. We observe transcription in 542 previously un-annotated regions, of which 234 had significant changes in expression levels between the samples. Moreover, 1,791 protein-coding sequences, 80 non-coding genes, and 20 riboswitches overlapping UTR regions of coding genes had significant changes in expression. Via gene-set over-representation analysis of the differentially expressed genes, we identified putatively regulated biological processes; overall the analysis suggests that the PrsA over-expression affects ATP biosynthesis activity, amino acid metabolism, and cell wall stability. The investigation of the protein interaction network points to a potential impact on cell motility signaling. We discuss the impact of these highlighted mechanisms for reducing secretion stress or detrimental aspects of PrsA over-expression during AMY production.
Nucleation complex behaviour is critical for cortical microtubule array homogeneity and patterning
Authors: Jacobs Bas , Schneider René , Molenaar Jaap , Filion Laura , Deinum Eva E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlant cell walls are versatile materials that can adopt a wide range of mechanical properties through controlled deposition of cellulose fibrils. Wall integrity requires a sufficiently homogeneous fibril distribution to cope effectively with wall stresses. Additionally, specific conditions, such as the negative pressure in water transporting xylem vessels, may require more complex wall patterns, e.g., bands in protoxylem. The orientation and patterning of cellulose fibrils is guided by dynamic cortical microtubules. New microtubules are predominantly nucleated from parent microtubules causing positive feedback on local microtubule density with the potential to yield highly inhomogeneous patterns. Inhomogeneity indeed appears in all current cortical array simulations that include microtubule-based nucleation, suggesting that plant cells must possess an as-yet unknown balancing mechanism to prevent it. Here, in a combined simulation and experimental approach, we show that the naturally limited local recruitment of nucleation complexes to microtubules can counter the positive feedback, whereas local tubulin depletion cannot. We observe that nucleation complexes are preferentially inserted at microtubules. By incorporating our experimental findings in stochastic simulations, we find that the spatial behaviour of nucleation complexes delicately balances the positive feedback, such that differences in local microtubule dynamics – as in developing protoxylem – can quickly turn a homogeneous array into a patterned one. Our results provide insight into how the plant cytoskeleton is wired to meet diverse mechanical requirements and greatly increase the predictive power of computational cell biology studies.Significance statementThe plant cortical microtubule array is an established model system for self-organisation, with a rich history of complementary experiments, computer simulations, and analytical theory. Understanding how array homogeneity is maintained given that new microtubules nucleate from existing microtubules has been a major hurdle for using mechanistic (simulation) models to predict future wall structures. We overcome this hurdle with detailed observations of the nucleation process from which we derive a more “natural” nucleation algorithm. With this algorithm, we enable various new lines of quantitative, mechanistic research into how cells dynamically control their cell wall properties. At a mechanistic level, moreover, this work relates to the theory on cluster coexistence in Turing-like continuum models and demonstrates its relevance for discrete stochastic entities.
Prime-pull immunization of mice with a BcfA-adjuvanted vaccine elicits mucosal immunity and prevents SARS CoV-2 infection and pathology
Authors: Shamseldin Mohamed M. , Zani Ashley , Kenney Adam , Evans Jack , Zeng Cong , Read Kaitlin A. , Caution Kyle , Hall Jesse M. , Brown Jessica M. , Gunsch Gilian , Corps Kara N. , Chaiwatpongsakorn Supranee , Mahesh KC , Lu Mijia , Deora Rajendar , Peeples Mark E. , Li Jianrong , Oestreich Kenneth J. , Liu Shan-Lu , Yount Jacob S. , Dubey Purnima 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTVaccines against SARS-CoV-2 that induce mucosal immunity capable of preventing infection and disease remain urgently needed. We show that intramuscular priming of mice with an alum and BcfA-adjuvanted Spike subunit vaccine, followed by a BcfA-adjuvanted mucosal booster, generated Th17 polarized tissue resident CD4+ T cells, and mucosal and serum antibodies. The serum antibodies efficiently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta variant, suggesting cross-protection against a recent variant of concern (VOC). Immunization with this heterologous vaccine prevented weight loss following challenge with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and reduced viral replication in the nose and lungs. Histopathology showed a strong leukocyte and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell infiltrate without epithelial damage in mice immunized with BcfA-containing vaccines. In contrast, viral load was not reduced in the upper respiratory tract of IL-17 knockout mice immunized with the same formulation, suggesting that the Th17 polarized T cell responses are critical for protection. We show that vaccines adjuvanted with alum and BcfA, delivered through a heterologous prime-pull regimen, protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection without causing enhanced respiratory disease.SIGNIFICANCEThere remains a need for SARS CoV-2 booster vaccines that generate mucosal immunity and prevent transmission. We show that systemic priming followed by a mucosal booster with a BcfA-adjuvanted subunit vaccine generates neutralizing antibodies and Th17 polarized systemic and tissue-resident immune responses that provide sterilizing immunity against wildtype SARS CoV-2, and a variant of concern. Importantly, in contrast to alum alone, the addition of BcfA prevents respiratory pathology. These results suggest that a BcfA-adjuvanted mucosal booster may elicit mucosal immunity in individuals previously immunized systemically with approved vaccines. This foundational study in mice sets the stage for testing our vaccine regimen in larger animal models as a booster vaccine.
Ferrite effects on the hydrogen embrittlement of 17-4PH stainless steel
Authors: Zheng Yaojie , Sun Huili , Yan Luchun , Yang Huisheng , Gao Kewei , Pang Xiaolu , Volinsky Alex A. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ferrite on hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of the 17-4PH stainless steels.

Design/methodology/approach
The effects of ferrite on HE of the 17-4PH stainless steels were investigated by observing microstructure and conducting slow-strain-rate tensile tests and hydrogen permeability tests.

Findings
The microstructure of the ferrite-bearing sample is lath martensite and banded ferrite, and the ferrite-free sample is lath martensite. After hydrogen charging, the plasticity of the two steels is significantly reduced, along with the tensile strength of the ferrite-free sample. The HE susceptibility of the ferrite-bearing sample is significantly lower than the ferrite-free steel, and the primary fracture modes gradually evolved from typical dimple to quasi-cleavage and intergranular cracking. After aging at 480°C for 4 h and hydrogen charging for 12 h, the 40.9% HE susceptibility of ferrite-bearing samples was the lowest. In addition, the hydrogen permeation tests show that ferrite is a fast diffusion channel for hydrogen, and the ferrite-bearing samples have higher effective hydrogen diffusivity and lower hydrogen concentration.

Originality/value
There are a few studies of the ferrite effect on the HE properties of martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel.
Fractal analysis of thermal fatigue crack growth behavior in bionic units of vermicular cast iron
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the growth behavior of fatigue cracks on bionic coupling surface of vermicular cast iron.

Design/methodology/approach
The thermal fatigue cyclic experiments were carried out on the bionic specimens processed by laser bionic treatment, in which the thermal fatigue was generated by heating at 600°C ± 5°C and cooling at 25°C ± 5°C. The thermal fatigue cracks of bionic units were analyzed using fractal theory. The relation between fractal dimensions of thermal fatigue cracks and thermal fatigue cycles was discussed.

Findings
The results show that the fractal dimensions can better characterize the fatigue crack growth behavior on bionic coupling surface of vermicular cast iron.

Originality/value
The fractal theory is first used to discuss the growth behavior of fatigue cracks on bionic coupling surface of vermicular cast iron, which is processed by laser bionic treatment.
Individual entrepreneurial orientation: comparison of business and STEM students
Authors: Nikitina Tatjana , Licznerska Magdalena , Ozoliņa-Ozola Iveta , Lapina Inga 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe present study has been designed with the aim to determine whether there are differences in individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) between students, doing their major in business studies and the ones whose areas of study are science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical research methods comprise the review of secondary sources to build a sound theoretical framework for the research activities. The empirical research method is a survey in Latvia and Poland applying non-parametric inferential statistical methods as well as linear regression analysis to investigate which factors and components contribute to EO orientation development among different groups of students, and, thus, verify the research hypotheses.FindingsThe yielded research results demonstrate that there are significant differences between business and STEM students when they analyze their IEO. It turned out that STEM students obtain significantly lower scores for risk-taking and innovation but higher for proactiveness. Additionally, it was detected that the chosen field of study affects students’ perception of educational support, thus, influencing their innovation, proactiveness, and risk propensity characteristics.Research limitations/implicationsIn this research, the authors focused on exploring IEO among business and STEM students in Latvia and Poland, hence the findings cannot be one-to-one applied to other countries.Practical implicationsThe topicality of the theme is determined by the fact that changes in external environment require higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Latvia and Poland to foster their entrepreneurial ecosystems and re-master study programs both for business and STEM students as well as conduct projects that include students, academic staff, and business representatives – the transformation is necessary to create positive attitude towards entrepreneurship among the students and help them to consider entrepreneurial career path later.Originality/valueFactors and components which contribute to IEO development among different groups of students are under-researched in the Baltic countries, experiencing systemic transformation. The authors believe that universities can use the analysis of their students’ IEO to allocate their resources in a better way, adjust curricula to the real needs of students and facilitate entrepreneurship.
The patient as a prosumer of healthcare: insights from a bibliometric-interpretive review
Authors: Ciasullo Maria Vincenza , Lim Weng Marc , Manesh Mohammad Fakhar , Palumbo Rocco 
Published: April 2022

PurposeHealthcare policies around the globe are aimed at achieving patient-centeredness. The patient is understood as a prosumer of healthcare, wherein healthcare service co-production and value co-creation take center stage. The article endeavors to unpack the state of the literature on the innovations promoting the transition toward patient-centeredness, informing policy and management interventions fostering the reconceptualization of the patient as a prosumer of healthcare services.Design/methodology/approachA hybrid review methodology consisting of a bibliometric-interpretive review following the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR-4-SLR) protocol is used. The bibliometric component enabled us to objectively map the extant scientific knowledge into research streams, whereas the interpretive component facilitated the critical analysis of research streams.FindingsPatient-centeredness relies on a bundle of innovations that are enacted through a cycle of patients' activation, empowerment, involvement and engagement, wherein the omission of any steps arrests the transition toward service co-production and value co-creation. Institutional, organizational and cognitive barriers should be overcome to boost the transition of patients from consumers to prosumers in a patient-centered model of healthcare.Originality/valueThe article delivers the state of the art of the scientific literature in the field of innovations aimed at sustaining the transition toward patient-centeredness and provides some food for thoughts to scholars and practitioners who wish to push forward service co-production and value co-creation in healthcare.
Sustainability management research in the Arab world: a citation-based systematic literature review
Authors: Ahmad Nisar , Smajić Hamza , Palalic Ramo , Al-Riyami Said 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper presents a citation-based systematic literature review in the field of sustainability management for Arab countries. The aim is to assist potential researchers in this field to identify existing themes, gaps and other relevant information necessary for the further development of the research area.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive list of keywords has been searched in the SCOPUS database to identify all the relevant articles in the field of sustainability management in Arab countries. After applying the relevant restriction criteria, manual screening of titles, abstracts and keywords was performed to identify the final sample. The final sample consists of 410 articles published in 218 different journals by 907 authors. Bibliometrix R-tool was used to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the selected articles.FindingsFindings indicate a growing trend of publications on sustainability management in the generally understudied Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Besides publication trends, citation analysis presents citation trends, most influential journals and authors, and most cited articles on sustainability management in Arab countries. Theme identification is shown through analyses of conceptual and intellectual structures. Finally, social networks in the field are discussed.Practical implicationsInformation presented in this paper informs interested researchers about the current state in the field, relevant sources of knowledge, important literature on the topic, relevant authors and other valuable particulars. This systematic literature review helps researchers make further valuable contributions to the field of sustainability management in Arab countries.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper offers a first comprehensive citation-based systematic literature review on sustainability management in Arab countries.
The Bakery Shop (TBS) takes the heat: crisis management, social media, and corporate reputation
Authors: Abdel-Meguid Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Theoretical basis
Businesses of all sizes are susceptible to unforeseen shocks, which could have severe adverse effects on its brand, its reputation and even its survival. This case draws on three main streams of academic business literature and bodies of knowledge that come into play under such circumstances: reputational risk, crisis management and social media.

Research methodology
The author used primary and secondary sources in the research and development of this case. An interview with one of the cofounders of The Bakery Shop (TBS) provided a primary first-hand account of the events leading to this crisis and the subsequent remedial actions taken. The author supplemented this research with information from TBS’s website, social media accounts and TBS-provided material.

Case overview/synopsis
In 2015, TBS, a growing Egyptian business specializing in premium baked goods, launched a new fusion dessert “The Croissant Om Ali.” Triggered by social media, the new product was an instant hit, resulting in orders that exceeded TBS’s initial projection. However, the business suffered a sudden turn of events when some consumers showed symptoms of food poisoning. Once again, social media came into play with an aggressive customer backlash toward TBS. Its cofounders devised an appropriate action plan to address the crisis and salvage TBS’s tarnished reputation.

Complexity academic level
This case is written primarily for an introductory business course for first-year students of business and other closely related disciplines. This case mainly addresses crisis management as a means of restoring corporate reputation. It also highlights the important role of social media in a crisis.
Refugee Policy Amidst Global Shocks: Encampment, Resettlement Barriers and the Search for ‘Durable Solutions’
Authors: Spiegel Samuel J. , Mhlanga Johanne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal policy commitments to refugee protection are shaped by ever‐growing pressures, from displacements triggered by conflicts, extremism and climate crisis to domestic fear‐based politics. Before the COVID‐19 pandemic, many governments were increasingly embracing exclusionary policies, defying the rights of asylum‐seekers and refugees stalled in protracted camp settlements. While such policies contrast starkly with core principles espoused in the 1951 Refugee Convention and the Global Compact on Refugees, restrictions on refugees intensified further during the pandemic. This article discusses struggles shaped by these trajectories, drawing on policy analysis and experiences articulated in Tongogara Refugee Camp in Zimbabwe, where displaced people have recently endured impacts of climate disasters along with greater constraints on mobility and the hardening of international borders. We highlight divergences between colonial policy orientations and African philosophies such as Ubuntu that prioritize communal values and humanity towards others. Analysing concerns around encampment and barriers both to resettlement and local integration, we stress that the talents, contributions and fundamental rights of refugees should not be ignored by policy makers, who also need to be attentive to the social and ecological challenges experienced in refugee spaces. Exploring constraints of the various ‘durable solutions’, we draw attention to how uncertainties facing displaced people need to be critically approached as multi‐scalar policy matters, beckoning attention to insufficiently met commitments linked with the Global Compact on Refugees, ways of mobilizing resistance to contemporary colonial bordering and support for refugee‐led initiatives.
A systematic review of using flexible bronchoscopy to remove foreign bodies from paediatric patients
Authors: Chantzaras Anastasios‐Panagiotis , Panagiotou Panagiota , Karageorgos Spyridon , Douros Konstantinos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimOur aim was to summarise the evidence about flexible bronchoscopy for paediatric airway foreign body aspiration cases.MethodsWe searched the PubMed database from 1 January 2001 to 9 October 2021 for peer‐review papers published in English on the use, and success rates, of flexible bronchoscopy as the first‐line treatment for foreign body aspiration cases. This process identified 243 potential papers.ResultsWe studied 23 papers comprising 2588 cases of foreign body aspiration and flexible bronchoscopy successfully removed the foreign bodies in 87.1% of cases. Complication rates were low in the 983 patients studied in 18 papers. The foreign bodies were organic materials in 78.3% of 1371 patients and mainly lodged in the right bronchial tree in 50.5% of 1402 patients. General anaesthesia was used before flexible bronchoscopy in 14/23 studies and laryngeal mask airways were mostly used in 10/23 studies to secure the airway during the procedure. Ancillary equipment was used to assist the foreign body removal in 57.3% of 1808 cases and these were usually baskets.ConclusionFlexible bronchoscopy was a feasible and safe therapeutic procedure for selected foreign body aspiration cases. Future studies need to focus on comparing the clinical outcomes of flexible and rigid bronchoscopies.
The Hidden Giant: How a rift pulse triggered a cascade of sector collapses and voluminous secondary mass‐transport events in the early evolution of Santorini
Authors: Preine Jonas , Karstens Jens , Hübscher Christian , Crutchley Gareth J. , Druitt Timothy H. , Schmid Florian , Nomikou Paraskevi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVolcanic island sector collapses have the potential to trigger devastating tsunamis and volcanic eruptions that threaten coastal communities and infrastructure. Considered one of the most hazardous volcano‐tectonic regions in the world, the Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo Volcanic Field (CSKVF) lies in the South Aegean Sea in an active rift zone. Previous studies identified an enigmatic voluminous mass‐transport deposit west and east of Santorini emplaced during the early evolution of the edifice. However, the distribution and volume as well as the nature and emplacement dynamics of this deposit remained unknown up to now. In this study, we use an extensive dataset of high‐resolution seismic profiles to unravel the distribution and internal architecture of this deposit. We show that it is located in all basins surrounding Santorini and has a bulk volume of up to 125 km3, thus representing the largest known volcanic island mass‐transport deposit in the entire Mediterranean Sea. We propose that the deposit is the result of a complex geohazard cascade that was initiated by an intensive rift pulse. This rifting event triggered a series of smaller precursory mass‐transport events before large‐scale sector collapses occurred on the northeastern flank of the extinct Christiana Volcano and on the southeastern flank of the nascent Santorini. This was followed by the emplacement of large‐scale secondary sediment failures on the slopes of Santorini, which transitioned into debris and turbidity flows that traveled far into the neighboring rift basins. Following this cascade, a distinct change in the volcanic behaviour of the CSKVF occurred, suggesting a close relationship between crustal extension, mass transport and volcanism. Cascading geohazards seem to be more common in the evolution of marine volcanic systems than previously appreciated. Wider awareness and a better understanding of cascading effects are crucial for more holistic hazard assessments.