bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esophageal cancer in China: Practice and research in the new era
Authors: Zhu Hongcheng , Ma Xiao , Ye Ting , Wang Honggang , Wang Zezhou , Liu Qi , Zhao Kuaile 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChina, as the one of the largest developing countries in the world and with about one‐fifth of the global population, is bearing an increasing burden on health from cancer. In the area of esophageal cancer (EC), China accounts for more than 50% of the global cases, with this disease being a particularly worse for those in disadvantaged populations. Along with China's socioeconomic condition, the epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutics and research of EC have developed throughout the 21st century. In the current review, existing control measures for EC in China are outlined, including the incidence, mortality, screening, clinical diagnosis, multidisciplinary treatment and research landscape. EC in China are very different from those in some other parts of the world, especially in Western countries. Core measures that could contribute to the prevention of EC and improve clinical outcomes in patients of less developed countries and beyond are recommended. International cooperation among academia, government and industry is especially warranted in global EC control.
The significance of TNF‐α and MMP‐8 concentrations in non‐invasively obtained amniotic fluid predicting fetal inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Gulbiniene Violeta , Balciuniene Greta , Dumalakiene Irena , Viliene Rita , Pilypiene Ingrida , Ramasauskaite Diana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the significance of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid predicting fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).MethodsIn this prospective case–control study, TNF‐α and MMP‐8 concentrations were evaluated in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid from women with PPROM at 22–34 weeks of pregnancy. Biomarkers' concentrations were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were divided into two groups: the FIRS group (cord blood interleukin‐6 > 11 pg/ml or histological funisitis) and the non‐FIRS group (without these findings). The data were analyzed using R package (R–4.0.5).ResultsThe median TNF‐α and MMP‐8 concentrations in amniotic fluid from the 145 women included in the study were higher in the FIRS group than in the non‐FIRS group. The area under the curve of TNF‐α and MMP‐8 was 0.77 and 0.75, respectively. The TNF‐α concentration cut‐off predicting FIRS was 89.20 pg/ml and was 170.76 pg/ml for MMP‐8. In regression analysis, MMP‐8 concentration was an independent predictor for FIRS. An MMP‐8 concentration greater than 170 ng/ml and a TNF‐α concentration greater than 89 pg/ml increased the odds of FIRS 7.62 and 14.92 times, respectively.ConclusionsMMP‐8 and TNF‐α concentrations in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid may be good predictors for FIRS after PPROM before 34 weeks of pregnancy. The non‐invasive amniotic fluid analysis could be an alternative method to invasive amniocentesis.
A case of steroid‐resistant cystitis as an immune‐related adverse event during treatment with nivolumab for lung cancer, which was successfully treated with infliximab
Authors: Fukunaga Hiroyuki , Sumii Kenta , Kawamura Shun , Okuno Masato , Taguchi Isao , Kawabata Gaku 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors are widely used in various cancers as a standard treatment. However, while various immune‐related adverse events related to immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported, there are few reports of lower urinary tract symptoms.Case presentationThe patient was a 60‐year‐old man with primary lung cancer who was receiving long‐term nivolumab therapy. He was referred to our department due to the sudden onset of glans penile pain and micturition pain. We suspected non‐bacterial cystitis as an immune‐related adverse event caused by nivolumab and were able to treat it by administering prednisolone. While his symptoms and findings on cystoscopy recurred during prednisolone therapy, we were able to treat him again by administering an additional dose of infliximab.ConclusionA few reports have described cases of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced cystitis for which prednisolone was effective. This report is the first to describe cystitis as a steroid‐resistant immune‐related adverse event.
Dynamic change in optical properties of a nanoparticle embedded tumor phantom for plasmonic photothermal cancer therapeutics
Authors: Vikas  , Kumar Raj , Soni Sanjeev 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the temporal dynamic changes in optical properties of gold nanorods (GNR) embedded tumor phantom, during photothermal interaction, are reported for plasmonic photothermal therapeutics. Tumor mimicking bilayer phantoms were prepared by using 1% agarose incorporated with 0.1% coffee powder, 0.3% intralipid solution as epidermis layer; 3% intralipid solution and 0.3% human hemoglobin (Hb) powder as dermis layer. On incorporating GNRs of concentrations 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml within the phantom, the absorption coefficients increases 4–8 times, while there is minimal change in the reduced scattering coefficients. Further the absorption coefficient increased by ~8% with the incorporation of GNRs of concentration 40 μg/ml, while no considerable dynamic change in the optical properties is observed for the phantom embedded with GNRs of concentrations 10, and 20 μg/ml. The discussed results are useful for the selection of GNRs dose for pre‐treatment planning of plasmonic photothermal cancer therapeutics.
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Cancer Patients: Result from the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium
Authors: Yang Guang , Williams Roy , Wang Lishu , Farhadfar Nosha , Chen Yiqing , Loiacono Alexander T. , Bian Jiang , Holliday Lexie Shannon , Katz Joseph , Gong Yan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but severely debilitating drug-induced bone disorder in the jawbone region. The first MRONJ was reported in 2003 after bisphosphonate (BP) exposure. Recently, other drugs, such as receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitor denosumab and antiangiogenic agents, were also associated with MRONJ. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for MRONJ related to BPs or denosumab in cancer patients in real-world clinical settings using data from the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium. We queried the electronic health records of participants with prescriptions of intravenous (IV) BPs or denosumab between January 1, 2012, and September 1, 2021, in the OneFlorida Consortium. Time to MRONJ diagnosis was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MRONJ. A total of 5689 participants had one or more prescriptions of IV BP or denosumab within this study period and were included in this study. Among these participants, 52 (0.9%) had a diagnosis of MRONJ. The overall rate of MRONJ was 0.73%, 0.86%, and 3.50% in the cancer patients treated with IV BPs, denosumab, and sequential IV BPs and denosumab, respectively. The risk of MRONJ was similar in participants treated with denosumab alone compared to those treated with IV BPs alone (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.66–2.34, p = .49). Patients with sequential prescription of IV BP and denosumab were at much higher risk for MRONJ, with an adjusted HR of 4.49, 95% CI of 1.96–10.28, p = .0004. In conclusion, in real-world clinical settings, the rates of MRONJ associated with IV BPs and denosumab were similar, while the sequential treatment of these two drug classes was associated with a much higher risk of MRONJ. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Development of QM/MM (ABEEM polarizable force field) method to simulate the excision reaction mechanism of damaged cytosine
Authors: Liu Cui , Ren Yang , Gao Xiao‐qin , Du Xue , Yang Zhong‐zhi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDNA damages are regarded as having harmful effects on cell. The base excision repair mechanism combats these effects by removing damaged bases. The deglycosylation mechanism of excising damaged bases by DNA glycosylase and the state of the leaving base have been controversial. The enzymatic reaction of DNA glycosylase to remove the damaged bases involves not only the formation and breaking of chemical bonds, but also complex polarization effect and charge transfer, which cannot be accurately simulated by the QM/MM method combined with the fixed charge force field. This work has developed the ABEEM fluctuating polarizable force field combining with the QM method, that is (QM/MM[ABEEM]), to accurately simulate the proton transfer, charge transfer and the charge distribution. The piecewise function is used as the valence‐state electronegativity in the QM/MM (ABEEM) to realize the accurate fitting of the charge distribution in reaction. And the charge transfer is accurately simulated by the local charge conservation conditions. Four deglycosylation mechanisms including the monofunctional and difunctional mechanisms of four neutral and protonated cytosine derivatives are explored. It is confirmed that the monofunctional mechanism of Asp‐activated nucleophile water is a better deglycosylation mechanism and the base is protonated before the reaction occurs. Protonization of the base reduced the activation energy by 10.00–17.00 kcal/mol. Asp provides the necessary charge for the reaction, and DNA glycosylase preferentially cleaves ɛC. This work provides a theoretical basis for the research of excising damaged bases by DNA glycosylase.
Sarcopenia reduces overall survival in unresectable oesophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jogiat Uzair M. , Bédard Eric L.R. , Sasewich Hannah , Turner Simon R. , Eurich Dean T. , Filafilo Heather , Baracos Vickie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSarcopenia measured through body composition analysis is emerging as an important prognosticator among various malignancies, including oesophageal cancer. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) as determined by the third lumbar vertebrae on cross‐sectional CT images has been demonstrated as a predictor of overall survival in oesophageal cancer, using pre‐defined cut off values for sarcopenia. However, this is largely within the setting of resectable disease. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the effect of sarcopenia defined by SMI on overall‐survival in patients with unresectable oesophageal cancer. On 30 January 2021, a systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify the role of SMI among patients with unresectable oesophageal cancer, with overall survival as the primary outcome. Databases included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria included age >18, diagnosis of oesophageal cancer, and non‐operative management. A meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1 using an inverse variance, random effects model. After the removal of duplicates, 2755 unique search results were obtained. Manual screening of titles and abstracts resulted in 287 full text articles that were reviewed. Of these, five studies met the inclusion criteria with data evaluating the effect of sarcopenia defined by SMI on overall survival. A total of 783 patients, the majority of which were male (n = 638, 81%), with a mean age of 68 ± 2.3 years were included. 641 (82%) patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Sarcopenia, as determined by SMI using pre‐defined cut‐off values, was reported in 517 patients (66%). Meta‐analysis demonstrated decreased overall survival in the sarcopenia group compared with the non‐sarcopenia group (HR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.21–1.89; P = 0.0003; I2 = 0%; Figure 1). No significant publication bias was noted on assessment of funnel plot and Egger's test (P = 0.295). Sarcopenia as defined by SMI is predictive of overall survival among patients with nonoperative oesophageal cancer. Further analysis on the effect of sarcopenia on treatment related adverse effects and complications, particularly related to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and oesophageal stenting, is needed to identify the degree of prognostication offered by body composition analysis. Studies on the modifiability of sarcopenia will help determine the utility of nutritional interventions.
Congenital intra‐hepatic porto‐systemic shunts diagnosed during intrauterine life: Systematic review
Authors: Carneiro Darlei Neves , Rossi Isabela , Oliveira Nagibe Tayfour , de Moraes Oliveira Lorena , Rodrigues Mariana , Araujo Júnior Edward , Ruano Rodrigo , Peixoto Alberto Borges , Paschoini Marina Carvalho 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the ultrasonographic characteristics of congenital porto‐systemic venous shunts (CPSS) diagnosed during pregnancy, their outcomes, and their evolution.MethodsTwo independent researchers selected 493 review articles and case reports through the analysis of titles, abstracts, and full text. The PubMed and LILACS databases were searched. Through the application of filters according to the PRISMA protocol, only six articles were used in the research. The following information was collected, when available: gestational age at diagnosis, gender, birth weight, type of shunt, associated anomalies/complications and treatment/progression.ResultsThe data were obtained from 27 cases, with 22 (82%) fetuses diagnosed with intra‐hepatic CPSS and 5 (18%) with extra‐hepatic CPSS. The median time of intrauterine diagnosis was 33 weeks. In 12 (57.1%) of the 21 pregnancies evaluated, delivery was preterm. The estimated fetal weight ranged from 1150 to 3760 g, with 4 (25%) cases at <3rd, 3 (18.75%) cases at <10th, 8 (50%) cases at <50th, and 1 (6.25%) case at >97th percentile for gestational age. The most frequent obstetric complication was fetal growth restriction, which occurred in nine (60%) cases. As for postnatal treatment, 19 (70.4%) cases were conservatively treated, and 8 (29.6%) cases required surgical intervention.ConclusionThe diagnosis of CPSS still represents a challenge during prenatal care. Its early identification aims to provide guidance to pregnant women and their families, as well as follow‐up and anticipation of possible complications, in addition to the evaluation of the mode of delivery and postnatal follow‐up, directing the short‐ and long‐term prognosis.
Fetal hydrometrocolpos: Challenges of prenatal differential diagnosis on ultrasound
Authors: Uygur Lütfiye , Demirci Oya , Celayir Ayşenur 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrometrocolpos is a pelvic cystic mass representing the distension of the vagina and uterus due to a lower genital tract obstruction causing accumulation of utero‐cervical‐vaginal secretions or urine in the vagina and endometrial cavity. Prenatal diagnosis is uncommon and differential diagnosis of the underlying etiologies is quite challenging in the prenatal period. We present three cases of female fetuses with hydrometrocolpos and discuss the prenatal differential diagnoses in the light of ultrasound findings along with postnatal diagnoses and outcomes.
The added value of high‐resolution EURO‐CORDEX simulations to describe daily wind speed over Europe
Authors: Molina María Ofelia , Careto João António Martins , Gutiérrez Claudia , Sánchez Enrique , Soares Pedro Miguel Matos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the context of the CORDEX project, an ensemble of regional climate simulations (RCMs) of high resolution on a 0.11° grid has been generated for Europe with the objective of improving the representation of regional to local‐scale atmospheric phenomena. However, such simulations are computationally expensive and do not always reveal added value. Here, a recently proposed metric (the distribution added value [DAV]) is used to determine the added value of all available EURO‐CORDEX high‐resolution simulations at 0.11° for daily mean wind speed compared to their respective coarser‐gridded 0.44° counterparts and their driving fields, hindcast and historical experiments. The analysis consists in comparing the degree of similarity between normalized wind probability density function (PDF) of simulations and observations. In addition, the use of a normalized PDF allows for a direct spatial comparison among the different regions and time periods. Results show that RCMs add value to their reanalysis or forcing global model, but the nature and magnitude of the improvement on the representation of wind speed may vary depending on the model, region and season. We found most RCMS at 0.11° to outperform models at the 0.44° resolution in terms of their quality in capturing the measured wind speed PDF. When looking at the upper tail of the wind speed PDF, the benefits of downscaling are generally larger. At the regional scale, added value is obtained for 0.11° with respect to 0.44° resolution for all subdomains studied, particularly over the Mediterranean, the Iberian Peninsula and the Alps. When analysing the added value dependence on altitude, runs at 0.11° models represent better the locations below 50 m and above 350 m of altitude, and the 0.44° increasingly under‐perform for higher altitudes. Overall, DAV are larger at 0.11° than at 0.44° resolution, due to a better performance of local‐scale feedbacks at high resolution.
Chemical composition, nutritional evaluation and functional properties of Elaeagnus mollis Diels (Elaeagnus L.) seeds
Authors: Xiaoxiao Feng , Hua Yufei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundElaeagnus L. seeds have high amount protein and are an important food source for humans. The chemical composition of Elaeagnus mollis Diels (Elaeagnus L.) seeds and the biochemical, nutritional, and functional properties of Elaeagnus L. seeds protein isolate (PPI) and protein fractions were studied, which is essential to the exploration of new protein sources.ResultsThe results indicated that Elaeagnus L. seeds contained 50.87% oil and 36.27% protein. Elaeagnus L. seeds oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acid (91.7%), especially linoleic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid and ω‐6/ω‐3 was 6.33, closest to FAO/WHO recommended ratio. Alkali protein fraction (APF, 49.82%) was predominant and was rich in Glu, Arg and Pro. Water‐soluble protein fraction (WPF) had the highest SRC of 75.35, followed by PPI (70.66). The essential amino acids of PPI and WPF compared well with FAO/WHO recommended pattern for adults (except Lys and Trp). Functional properties of proteins were found to be comparable with soybean protein isolate. Low antinutritional factors enable the utilization of the proteins in nutrition food formulations.ConclusionThis study could be beneficial for enabling the utilization of Elaeagnus L. seeds proteins in nutrition and health‐related food formulations.
Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on tocochromanol and carotenoid biofortification in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wen Tianxiang , Xiang Nan , Zhao Yihan , Guo Xinbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaize is a sought‐after food crop because it is micronutrient‐rich and affordable. It is an excellent source of carotenoids and tocochromanols. To investigate ways to enhance the micronutrients in maize, we grew maize seedlings with ultrasonic pretreatment to study the effect of ultrasound pretreatment on the biofortification of tocochromanols and carotenoids using high‐performance liquid chromatography and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTSFour tocopherol isomers, three tocotrienol isomers and six carotenoid components were measured in maize seedlings. Compared with the untreated maize seedlings, carotenoid content increased and reached the highest level at 8 min ultrasonic pretreatment (19.21 ± 0.44 μg g−1 fresh weight (FW)), but tocotrienol content evidently decreased. Tocopherol dropped at first but began to rise after 8 min ultrasonic pretreatment (258.1 ± 6.4 μg g−1 FW). In particular, zeaxanthin in maize seedlings doubled after pre‐sonication, while lutein was boosted to 11.81 ± 0.20 μg g−1 FW. Ultrasonic pretreatment changed the predominant component of tocochromanols in maize seedlings from γ‐tocotrienol to α‐tocopherol, with the latter content being 1.3 times higher than in the untreated group. Up‐regulation of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of tocopherols and carotenoids in maize seedlings occurred as a result of both 2 min and 6 min sonication pretreatment. In particular, ZmHPPD, ZmZE, ZmZDS and ZmMPBQ‐MT could partly explain the changes in these phytochemicals.CONCLUSIONWet ultrasonic pretreatment could increase tocopherol and carotenoid accumulation in maize seedlings but decrease tocotrienol synthesis. Some up‐regulating genes are related to relevant syntheses, such as ZmHPPD, ZmZE, ZmZDS and ZmMPBQ‐MT, which could influence the accumulation of tocopherols and carotenoids after ultrasonic pretreatment. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of COVID‐19 versus chronic rhinosinusitis/rhinitis associated olfactory dysfunction on health utility and quality of life
Authors: Luong Thanh , Jang Sophie S. , Said Mena , DeConde Adam S. , Yan Carol H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is associated with both post‐viral and inflammatory etiologies such as COVID‐19 and chronic rhinosinusitis/rhinitis (CRS/R) respectively, to result in reduced quality of life (QoL). However, the former typically induces a sudden‐onset OD while the latter has a gradual presentation. This study aims to establish and compare health utility values (HUVs) and olfactory‐specific QoL measurements between patients with COVID‐19 and CRS/R related OD.MethodsThis prospective study surveyed COVID‐19 and CRS/R patients with self‐reported OD using HUV assessments (EuroQol‐visual analog scale [EQ‐VAS], EuroQol‐5 dimension [EQ‐5D], time trade‐off [TTO]) and olfactory and sinonasal QoL measures (questionnaire of olfactory disorders –negative and positive statements [QOD‐NS + PS] and sino‐nasal outcome test [SNOT‐22]). A subgroup of subjects completed objective olfactory testing. Intergroup mean scores were compared using Mann–Whitney U tests.ResultsOne hundred eleven subjects were enrolled: mean age ± SD (43.0 ± 15.4 years), 55.9% female. CRS/R was associated with lower HUVs as measured by EQ‐VAS (CRS/R: 0.67 ± 0.18 vs. COVID‐19: 0.74 ± 0.19, p = .03) and worse SNOT‐22 scores in both overall (CRS/R: 49.03 ± 21.04 vs. COVID‐19: 27.58 ± 18.45, p < .001) and subgroup analysis of objectively confirmed OD subjects (CRS/R: 52.40 ± 22.78 vs. COVID‐19: 29.84 ± 21.10, p = .01). On the other hand, COVID‐19 has greater burden on olfactory‐specific QoL (QOD‐NS + PS, COVID‐19: 23.19 ± 13.73 vs. CRS/R: 17.25 ± 11.38, p = .04). Both groups demonstrated a similar decrease in health using the EQ‐5D assessment.ConclusionCRS/R associated OD has a more severe impact on general health and sinonasal specific QoL outcomes, while COVID‐19 associated OD has a greater burden on olfactory‐specific QoL.Level of evidenceLevel 2c.