bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived experiences of racism linked to dental fear and anxiety among Black women
Authors: Heaton Brenda , Bond Julia C. , Bae Jaeyoung , Cozier Yvette 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesDental fear and anxiety are known determinants of delaying or avoiding dental care and vary considerably based on factors such as age and gender. However, little is known about dental fear and anxiety in racial/ethnic minority populations, which bear a disproportionate burden of poor oral health outcomes. Structural and social pathways responsible for producing these disparities are also understudied. Experiences of racism over the lifecourse may contribute to poor oral health outcomes through a pathway of dental fear and anxiety. This paper aimed to evaluate perceived experiences with racism, dental fear and anxiety, and the utilization of dental services, in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a United States‐based prospective cohort.MethodsAnalysis of prospective data obtained from a geographic subset of participants in the BWHS was conducted. In 2014, BWHS participants residing in Massachusetts responded to a mailed oral health questionnaire that included the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF‐4C+) instrument (N = 484; 69% response rate). Previously collected demographic and health information, along with reported experiences of everyday and lifetime racism, obtained from national BWHS questionnaires between 1995 and 2009, were merged with the Massachusetts‐based sub‐sample. Associations between high dental anxiety (HDA) (mean IDAF‐4C+ score ≥2.5 on the dental fear and anxiety module) and oral health outcomes and perceived racism and HDA were explored via prevalence ratios (PR) calculated using log‐binomial regression models, including adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsReported exposures to everyday racism occurred weekly on average for the top 25% of the sample, while 13% of participants reported exposure to multiple (n = 3) experiences of unfair treatment due to their race over their lifetime. HDA was prevalent among 17.8% of the sample and was significantly associated with indicators of poor oral health status. High exposures to everyday and lifetime experiences of racism were positively associated with HDA (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.58 and PR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.88, respectively).ConclusionsSignificant associations between racism and HDA, and between HDA and poor oral health and reduced utilization of dental care were observed. Dental anxiety may be a pathway through which perceived experiences with racism may impact oral health outcomes.
Talking about cancer: Patient responses to raising awareness of oral cancer in primary dental care
Authors: Scott Suzanne E. , Bruj Geanina , Beheshti Shahryar , Evans Ruth , Awojobi Oluwatunmise 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesDentists and other members of the dental team could raise awareness by talking about oral cancer during routine dental check‐ups. A communication guide has been developed to facilitate this. However, it has been suggested that discussions about oral cancer may raise patients' anxiety and this has been documented by dentists as a barrier to having these conversations. The current research aimed to investigate implementation of the communication guide and its impact on the dental patient.MethodsA consecutive‐case sample of adult dental patients attending primary dental care for a routine NHS check‐up at one dental practice were invited to take part in the study via letter prior to their appointment. Consultations of participating patients (n = 77) were audio‐recorded. Before and after their appointment, patients were asked to rate their current anxiety via the six‐item version of Spielberger's State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Audio recordings of each consultation were reviewed by two raters to determine the extent to which the dentist covered the topics recommended in the communication guide.ResultsThe dentist informed all patients that they were being checked for oral cancer, spoke about signs and symptoms, and discussed risk factors. However, they rarely recommended where help should be sought or addressed barriers to seeking help. Discussions took an average of 95 s. The extent to which oral cancer was discussed did not correlate with patients' post‐appointment anxiety. Patients made positive or neutral responses to the discussions. The few questions that were asked were easily addressed.ConclusionsAs findings are based on one dentist working at one practice, generalization of these results should be cautious. The study indicated that using an evidence‐based guide to talk about oral cancer did not appear to raise patients' anxiety in this practice population. This could help to increase awareness of oral cancer in the endeavour to facilitate early cancer diagnosis.
Factors associated with the use of dental services in the previous 12 and 36 months by Brazilian older people residing in rural areas
Authors: Hartmann Clarissa Fialho , Meucci Rodrigo Dalke , Silva Alexandre Emídio Ribeiro 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the use of dental services in two periods and associated factors in older people residing in the rural area of a municipality in southern Brazil.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study nested in a cohort study. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect the variables of interest. The dependent variables were the use of dental services in the 12 and 36 months prior to the interview.ResultsA total of 863 older people were interviewed, 24.7% of whom had visited a dentist in the previous year and 38.7% had visited a dentist in the previous 3 years. Skin colour, health insurance and self‐rated health were associated with both outcomes. Individuals with non‐white skin, those who did not have health insurance and those who considered their health to be poor or very poor were more likely to take a long time before seeking oral health services. Differences between the two outcomes were observed in oral health and the use of tobacco. The likelihood of having gone more than 3 years without visiting a dentist was greater among smokers and lower among those with dental caries.ConclusionsThe prevalence of dental service use was low. Variables related to the adoption of unhealthy behaviours and the occurrence of oral diseases were only related to the use of dental services 36 months prior to the interview. Public policies must be reorganised to prioritise population groups with greater difficulties in the use of dental services.
Single‐cell landscape and clinical outcomes of infiltrating B cells in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xia Jie , Xie Zhangjuan , Niu Gengming , Lu Zhou , Wang Zhiqiang , Xing Yun , Ren Jun , Hu Zhiqing , Hong Runqi , Cao ZhiPeng , Han Shanliang , Chu Yiwei , Liu Ronghua , Ke Chongwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractB cells constitute a major component of infiltrating immune cells in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the characteristics of B cells and their clinical significance remain unclear. In this study, using single‐cell RNA sequencing and multicolour immunofluorescence staining experiments, we identified five distinct subtypes of B cells with their marker genes, distribution patterns and functional properties in the CRC tumour microenvironment. Meanwhile, we found a higher proportion of IgG plasma cells in tumour sites than that in adjacent normal mucosal tissues. In addition, the CXCL13‐producing CD8+ T cells in the tumour tissues could promote the formation of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) B cells, and the CCL28–CCR10 axis is pivotal for IgG plasma cell migration from the periphery of TLSs to the tumour stroma. Finally, we identified four distinct colon immune classes (CICs: A–D) and found that CD20+ B cells within TLSs were enriched in one immune‐inflamed or hot tumour group (CIC D). This B cell‐rich group, which was characterized by strong antigen presentation, IgG plasma cells accumulation, microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) and high tumour mutation burden (TMB‐H), as well as immunosuppressive property in particular, might become a potential predictive biomarker for future immunotherapy. Additionally, in an immunotherapy cohort, patients with the enrichment of B cells and TLSs were demonstrated to obtain significant therapeutic advantages. Together, our findings provide the detailed landscape of infiltrating B cells and their potential clinical significance in CRC.
Influence of sintering temperature on the interfacial behavior of Ti3Al(Si)C2 ceramic and Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Xiao Junli , Wei Yaowu , Zhou Hui , Zhang Shaowei , Li Nan , Chen Junfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMAX phases possess a combination of ceramic and metallic characteristics, exhibiting good mechanical properties, high thermal conductivity, high thermal stability, and corrosion resistance. To apply MAX phases containing Ti and Al in the casting process of titanium alloy to improve the alloy properties, the interfacial behaviors between pre‐sintered Ti3Al(Si)C2 substrates and molten Ti6Al4V alloy were investigated. The results indicated that Ti3Al(Si)C2 substrates, pre‐sintered at 1100°C, exhibited better resistance to the penetration of alloy than those at 1300 and 1500°C. The reason was that the pre‐sintering temperature was a dynamics factor affecting the reaction of the Ti3Al(Si)C2 substrates in a graphite bed to generate titanium carbide. When the pre‐sintering temperature was 1100°C, the reaction was weak and a small amount of carbon was introduced into the pre‐sintered Ti3Al(Si)C2 substrates, which led to a low concentration gradient of Ti between the alloy and the substrates. The low concentration gradient slowed the diffusion speed of the alloy toward the substrates. Besides, remarkable V/Si lines were detected between the alloy and Ti3Al(Si)C2 substrates for all tested samples. The interface reaction between pre‐sintered Ti3Al(Si)C2 samples and Ti6Al4V alloy was mainly controlled by the diffusion of V because of its inherent segregation effect. The penetration depths of V into substrates were 0.643, 1.135, and 1.324 mm corresponding to Ti3Al(Si)C2 samples pre‐sintered at 1100, 1300, and 1500°C, respectively. That was attributed to the reaction product (Ti, V)5Si3 playing a positive role in diffusion barrier behavior.
Push‐pull strategy for integrated control of Bactrocera minax (Diptera, Tephritidae) based on olfaction and vision
Authors: Cui Zhongyi , Si Pinfa , Liu Lu , Chen Shan , Wang Yang , Li Xin , Zhou Jing‐Jiang , Zhou Qiong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChinese citrus fly Bactrocera minax is a major destructive pest of citrus fruits. The adult stage of B. minax is the critical life stage for control measures because all other life stages are hidden either in infested host fruit or in soil. Therefore, we established a push‐pull system for the control of adults B. minax. Three types of attractants were tested in two orchards. With these attractants, the percentage of infested fruits was reduced from 95.0% to 75.4% and from 89.6% to 72.4% for navel orange and satsuma mandarin, respectively. The in‐house developed food attractant displayed the best reduction compared to two commercial attractants. The food attractant traps (pull) combined with Xanthium sibiricum leaf extract as the repellent (push) hung on a copse at the edge of the orchard fields further reduced the fruit infestation rate from 75.5% to 7.6% in the navel orchards and from 100.0% to 5.6% in the satsuma orchards. When the green luring balls were added as a visual cue to the pull component, the percentage of infested fruits in the orchards was further reduced from 27.8% and 36.6% to 0.4% and 2.9%, respectively. In this five‐year study, B. minax was effectively controlled using behavioural manipulation of their response to olfactory and visual cues in a push‐pull control strategy.
Effect of cut‐out rescan procedures on the accuracy of an intraoral scanner used for digitizing an ear model: An in vitro study
Authors: Ali Islam E. , Hattori Mariko , Sumita Yuka I. , Wakabayashi Noriyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the rescanning of mesh holes of different diameters on the accuracy of an intraoral scanner (IOS) used to digitize an ear model.Materials and methodsAn ear model was digitized using an intraoral scanner (Medit i500) to obtain a reference mesh. A baseline experimental scan was created by editing a duplicate of the reference mesh using the cut‐out tool of the IOS software. Three equal groups were created based on the diameter of the cut‐out areas: 2 mm (G1), 5 mm (G2), and 8 mm (G3) (n = 15). The cut‐out areas were rescanned and a total of 45 digital files were exported. The discrepancy between the reference and the experimental digital scans was measured using the root mean square calculation (RMS). The data were analyzed by a Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by a post hoc Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction.ResultsThe trueness values ranged from 19.53 to 27.13 µm. There were significant differences in the RMS error values among the groups tested (p < 0.001) and post hoc multiple comparisons showed significant differences between the G1 and G2 groups (p = 0.04), G1 and G3 groups (p < 0.001), and G2 and G3 groups (p = 0.004). Overall, the precision values ranged from 4.93 to 7.73 µm and significant differences in the RMS values were only found between the G1 and G2 groups (p = 0.014).ConclusionsMesh hole rescanning affected the scanning accuracy (trueness and precision) of the IOS tested. The larger the diameter of the mesh holes, the less the trueness of the IOS tested. The precision values seemed to be less affected compared with the trueness by the cut‐out and rescanning procedures.
Survival rates, patient satisfaction, and prosthetic complications of implant fixed complete dental prostheses: a 12‐month prospective study
Authors: Nikellis Theocharis , Lampraki Evangelia , Romeo Davide , Tsigarida Alexandra , Barmak Abdul Basir , Malamou Charikleia , Ercoli Carlo , Papaspyridakos Panos , Kotsailidi Elli Anna , Chochlidakis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the survival rate, incidence of prosthetic complications, and patient satisfaction of implant fixed complete dental prostheses (IFCDPs) after a mean observation period of 1.4 years.Materials and methodsTwenty‐eight (28) eligible participants were recruited according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The definitive metal‐acrylic resin IFCDPs consisted of titanium bars veneered with acrylic resin and acrylic denture teeth. Prosthodontic complications, divided into major and minor, were monitored. Parameters such as gender, jaw location, bruxism, and occlusal scheme were evaluated. Moreover, a questionnaire was administered throughout the study to assess patient satisfaction. Poisson regression as well as repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.ResultsFourteen (14) males and 14 females were enrolled and followed‐up at 3, 6, and 12 months. All IFCDPs survived (100% survival rate). The most frequent minor complication was the loss of material used to close the screw access hole (20% out of total complications). The most frequent major complication was chipping of the acrylic denture teeth (77.14% out of total complications). Gender (p = 0.008) and bruxism (p = 0.030) were significant predictors for the total major complications (major wear and major chipping) while occlusal scheme was a significant predictor for major chipping events (p = 0.030).ConclusionsWhile IFCDPs demonstrated high prosthetic survival rates, they also exhibited a high number of chipping events of the acrylic veneering material, especially in males, bruxers, and individuals with canine guidance occlusion. However, the occurrence of these prosthetic complications did not negatively affect patient satisfaction.
Inequality, legitimacy and disidentification: From South African to global modernism
Authors: Emmett Christine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEntrenched inequality within South African society has led to a notable focus within literary criticism on the subject of legitimacy. The perennial question of who has access to narrative representation and how this authority is wielded has informed literary production itself—with some writers, invariably emerging from the elite, attempting to circumvent or undermine the assumed claims of legitimacy which attend the novel. This article discusses how a particular modernist form, narratorial disidentification, coheres around this preoccupation with inequality and legitimacy, overturning idealist accounts of moral agency in history through an emphasis on the determination of the material environment. Narratorial disidentification subverts the normative structure of the novel, assuming that the legitimate subject of society is not narratable within the novel form. Drawing on the work of Warwick Research Collective (WReC), in particular their expanded sense of modernism, this article argues that experiences of social bifurcation in semi‐peripheral locations are translated into this form of narrative coldness which seeks to undermine readerly identification and emphasize externality. It indicates how Camus'sThe Strangercan be productively re‐read by considering the employment of this form by a number of South African novelists—from Nadine Gordimer'sThe Late Bourgeois Worldunder apartheid, to postapartheid with Zoë Wicomb'sPlaying in The Lightand Achmat Dangor'sBitter Fruit. This allows not only for formal continuities across apartheid‐postapartheid to be historicized, but offers a comparative lens for approaching novelistic form within global contexts of inequality.
Clinical features and outcomes of renal amyloidosis in Hong Kong
Authors: Lin Ronald Chi Chun , Yuen Sze Kit , Cheung Siu Fai , Tang Hon Lok , Fung Samuel Ka Shun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimEarly symptoms of primary (AL) amyloidosis are non‐specific. Any delay in diagnosis and treatment results in poor outcome despite increasing treatment options. We aimed to determine baseline risk factors that identify patients with poor kidney outcomes and overall survivals.MethodsWe recruited all patients aged 18 years or above with biopsy‐proven renal amyloidosis between years 2000 and 2019 in three Hong Kong regional hospitals. Patients' clinical and pathological parameters, treatment response, kidney outcomes and overall survivals were recorded and analysed.ResultsThirty‐six cases of renal amyloidosis were recruited. Four cases were diagnosed to have multiple myeloma. Edema was the most common presenting symptom. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 98.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 at presentation. Autologous stem cell transplant conferred the best renal outcomes as well as patients' survival. Twenty‐two patients had 50% decrease in eGFR, 12 patients developed end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and 22 patients died. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, proteinuria and low eGFR were identified as independent baseline risk factors for ESKD. Proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and cardiac involvement were independent baseline risk factors for death.ConclusionAmyloidosis, a rare disease with poor prognosis without treatment. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heavy proteinuria and low eGFR at diagnosis were associated with poor kidney outcome.
Registered nurses' experiences of caring for patients in hospitals transitioning from curative to palliative care: A qualitative study
Authors: Lind Susanne , Bengtsson Astrid , Alvariza Anette , Klarare Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was twofold: to illuminate registered nurses' experiences of palliative care and of caring for patients transitioning from curative to palliative care in hospitals. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Group interviews were conducted with 11 registered nurses in three different hospital settings. Content analysis was performed. The results are presented in four themes: “Understanding palliative care in a hospital setting”; “Involving, supporting, and caring for patients and families”; “Striving for consensus and common goals of care”; and “Struggling with the hospital environment.” The registered nurses described struggling with the interpretation of palliative care and with how to transfer it into clinical practice in their specific care settings. Teamwork and collaboration were challenging and goals of care incongruent within the team. Further implementation of a palliative care approach, with core components symptom relief, teamwork, communication and relationship, and family support, is crucial to improve both patient care and the conditions enabling registered nurses to provide good care for the patients and their families in hospital settings.
Nurses' experience in stoma care for refugees and asylum seekers: Qualitative research
Authors: Harputlu Deniz , Akil Yasemin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the experiences of ostomy and wound care nurses in providing care to refugees and asylum seekers with stomas. This study used a descriptive qualitative design. The study population comprised 14 female nurses working as ostomy and wound care nurses in Turkey. Purposive sampling was adopted. The interviews were conducted at times convenient for the participants and researchers and by interviewing each nurse once. Prior to the interviews, the questions of an individual characteristics identification form were read to the participants, and the form was filled out on the basis of their responses. The interviews were conducted using a semistructured approach. Thematic analysis was used to identify, analyze, and report themes within the data. The emerging themes following data analysis were communication problems, problems with stoma supplies, nurses' efforts to prevent inequalities in care, and emotional burden. To maintain appropriate nursing care, this study recommends the expansion of appropriate translation services and the reconsideration of problems related to patients' access to stoma care materials.
The Carbon Bubble: climate policy in a fire‐sale model of deleveraging∗
Authors: Comerford David , Spiganti Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCredible implementation of climate change policy, consistent with the 2 °C limit, requires a large proportion of current fossil‐fuel reserves to remain unused. This issue, named the Carbon Bubble, is usually presented as a required asset write‐off, with implications for investors. We embed the Carbon Bubble in a macroeconomic model exhibiting a financial accelerator: if investors are leveraged, then the Carbon Bubble might precipitate a fire‐sale of assets across the economy, and generate a large and persistent fall in output and investment, impairing the economy's ability to invest in the zero carbon assets it needs to produce output in the post‐climate‐transition world. We find a role for macroeconomic policy protecting investors' balance sheets in mitigating the macroeconomic effects of the Carbon Bubble, and enhancing welfare.