bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexural and dynamic response of carbon/epoxy laminates with graphene nanofillers and Al6061 alloy
Authors: Shebaz Ahmed J P , Meenakshisundaram Omkumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The mechanical and vibrational isolation properties of reinforced carbon fibre composites, such as carbon fibre [0]7s/epoxy, carbon fibre [0]6s/Graphene nanopowder/epoxy, and carbon fibre [0]4s/epoxy/Al 6061, are investigated in this research. Ultrasonic stirring was employed in a carbon fiber/graphene-nano powder laminate to reinforce 0.5 weight percent graphene nanoparticles with the resin. The effect of nano-fillers and metal laminate in the carbon fiber composite specimen was analysed by considering glass transition temperature, flexural modulus, and natural frequency. The results show that the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) with graphene shows a 16.9% and 57.5% increment in flexural strength compared to CFRP and CFRP with Al6061 alloy. In contrast, in the DMA test, the glass transition temperature and other parameters show the least difference, whereas the loss modulus is 34.3% and 67% high for CFRP compared to CFRP/graphene and CFRP/Al6061 samples. Furthermore, using graphene nanopowder and aluminium plates reduces the carbon epoxy laminate’s inherent frequency.
Joint registration of multiple point clouds for fast particle fusion in localization microscopy
Authors: Wang Wenxiu , Heydarian Hamidreza , Huijben Teun A P M , Stallinga Sjoerd , Rieger Bernd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSummaryWe present a fast particle fusion method for particles imaged with single-molecule localization microscopy. The state-of-the-art approach based on all-to-all registration has proven to work well but its computational cost scales unfavorably with the number of particles N, namely as N2. Our method overcomes this problem and achieves a linear scaling of computational cost with N by making use of the Joint Registration of Multiple Point Clouds (JRMPC) method. Straightforward application of JRMPC fails as mostly locally optimal solutions are found. These usually contain several overlapping clusters that each consist of well-aligned particles, but that have different poses. We solve this issue by repeated runs of JRMPC for different initial conditions, followed by a classification step to identify the clusters, and a connection step to link the different clusters obtained for different initializations. In this way a single well-aligned structure is obtained containing the majority of the particles.ResultsWe achieve reconstructions of experimental DNA-origami datasets consisting of close to 400 particles within only 10 min on a CPU, with an image resolution of 3.2 nm. In addition, we show artifact-free reconstructions of symmetric structures without making any use of the symmetry. We also demonstrate that the method works well for poor data with a low density of labeling and for 3D data.Availability and implementationThe code is available for download from https://github.com/wexw/Joint-Registration-of-Multiple-Point-Clouds-for-Fast-Particle-Fusion-in-Localization-Microscopy.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A multisite evaluation of antifungal use in critical care: implications for antifungal stewardship
Authors: Logan C , Hemsley C , Fife A , Edgeworth J , Mazzella A , Wade P , Goodman A , Hopkins P , Wyncoll D , Ball J , Planche T , Schelenz S , Bicanic T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
ICUs are settings of high antifungal consumption. There are few data on prescribing practices in ICUs to guide antifungal stewardship implementation in this setting.

Methods
An antifungal therapy (AFT) service evaluation (15 May–19 November 2019) across ICUs at three London hospitals, evaluating consumption, prescribing rationale, post-prescription review, de-escalation and final invasive fungal infection (IFI) diagnostic classification.

Results
Overall, 6.4% of ICU admissions (305/4781) received AFT, accounting for 11.41 days of therapy/100 occupied bed days (DOT/100 OBD). The dominant prescribing mode was empirical (41% of consumption), followed by targeted (22%), prophylaxis (18%), pre-emptive (12%) and non-invasive (7%). Echinocandins were the most commonly prescribed drug class (4.59 DOT/100 OBD). In total, 217 patients received AFT for suspected or confirmed IFI; 12%, 10% and 23% were classified as possible, probable or proven IFI, respectively. Hence, in 55%, IFI was unlikely. Proven IFI (n = 50) was mostly invasive candidiasis (92%), of which 48% had been initiated on AFT empirically before yeast identification. Where on-site (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) testing was available (1 day turnaround), in those with suspected but unproven invasive candidiasis, median (IQR) AFT duration was 10 (7–15) days with a positive BDG (≥80 pg/mL) versus 8 (5–9) days with a negative BDG (&lt;80 pg/mL). Post-prescription review occurred in 79% of prescribing episodes (median time to review 1 [0–3] day). Where suspected IFI was not confirmed, 38% episodes were stopped and 4% de-escalated within 5 days.

Conclusions
Achieving a better balance between promptly treating IFI patients and avoiding inappropriate antifungal prescribing in the ICU requires timely post-prescription review by specialist multidisciplinary teams and improved, evidence-based-risk prescribing strategies incorporating rapid diagnostics to guide AFT start and stop decisions.
The new Swiss trust: Is it a trust? Practical considerations
Authors: Noseda Filippo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In a world awash with academic articles on the compatibility of trusts with civil law systems, the author considers some practical implications of the terminology used by the Swiss legislator in its draft Bill on new trust provisions to be inserted in the Swiss Code of Obligations. This article draws from the author's experience as an English solicitor with a Swiss background.
Informing women about the risks of exposing babies to tobacco smoke: outreach and education efforts using Facebook “boost posts”
Authors: Miller Carrie A , Jung Kim Sunny , Schwartz-Bloom Rochelle D , Bloom Paul N , Murphy Susan K , Fuemmeler Bernard F 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Maternal smoking is associated with a host of negative health outcomes, including an increased risk of children developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study evaluated the efficacy of health messages disseminated through Facebook Ads focused on reducing tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy. Two message versions were promoted via post advertisements on Facebook—a static infographic and a video containing an animated version of the infographic. The reach of and engagement with each message version was evaluated. Comments made to the posts were assessed using content analysis. The infographic reached approximately 60,000 people and the video reached about 16,000 people. The average costs were $10.00 and $40.00 per 1,000 people reached for the infographic- and video-based posts, respectively. While there was no engagement with the video, the infographic was liked (n = 157), given alternative likes (n = 59), shared (n = 171 to 341), and commented on (n = 221). About one-quarter of comments contained a personal narrative and mentions of health history related to ADHD and/or smoking. Comments were more often negative (than positive) (16.6% vs 3.9%) and expressed skepticism more often than message acceptance (21.5% vs 12.2%). Facebook users were more responsive to the infographic (compared to the video) and static posts were a preferred channel (i.e., higher engagement at a lower cost) to disseminate messages when using the boost post feature on Facebook for health education. Our review of the comments provided insights into message acceptance and guidance for future social media-based health message campaigns. However, it is not known whether and if so, how, these findings on message exposure would correlate with behavioral intentions or changes in behavior, such as intentions to quit smoking or smoking cessation.
Nanoparticles are linked to polar lipids in xylem sap of temperate angiosperm species
Authors: Guan Xinyi , Schenk H Jochen , Roth Mary R , Welti Ruth , Werner Julia , Kaack Lucian , Trabi Christophe L , Jansen Steven 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn previous research, xylem sap of angiosperms has been found to include low concentrations of nanoparticles and polar lipids. A major goal of this study was to test predictions arising from the hypothesis that the nanoparticles consist largely of polar lipids from the original cell content of vessel elements. These predictions included that polar lipid and nanoparticle concentrations would be correlated, that they both do not pass through pit membranes and that they do not vary seasonally because they originate from living vessel element cells. We collected xylem sap of six temperate angiosperm species over the whole year to consider seasonal variation. Concentrations of nanoparticles and lipids in xylem sap and contamination control samples were measured with a NanoSight device and mass spectrometry. We found that the concentration of nanoparticles and polar lipids was (i) diluted when an increasing amount of sap was extracted, (ii) significantly correlated to each other for three species, (iii) affected by vessel anatomy, (iv) very low and largely different in chemical composition from contamination controls and (v) hardly variable among seasons. Moreover, there was a minor freezing–thawing effect with respect to nanoparticle amount and size. Xylem sap lipids included polar galactolipids and phospholipids in all species and neutral triacylglycerols in two species. These findings support the predictions and, by implication, the underlying hypothesis that nanoparticles in xylem sap consist of polar lipids from the original cell content of living vessel element cells. Further research is needed to examine the formation and stability of nanoparticles concerning lipid composition and multiphase interactions among gas, liquid and solid phases in xylem conduits of living plants.
Is Surgery Needed for Diplopia after Blowout Fractures? A Clarified Algorithm to Assist Decision-making
Authors: Lin Cen-Hung , Lee Su-Shin , Wen Lin I , Su Wan-Ju 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Diplopia is a common symptom after blowout fractures, with an incidence of 43.6%–83%. Although there is some consensus toward surgical correction, diplopia is not always resolved by surgery. Thus, there is a clinical dilemma for surgeons with regard to performing surgery at a specific time. This review aimed to create an algorithm to support accurate and effective decision-making.

Methods:
We reviewed articles published on PubMed during 2013–2020 regarding orbital fractures. Articles discussing surgical treatment for blowout fractures and diplopia were included. Five reviews, six prospective cohort studies, and 33 retrospective studies were identified. After reviewing and summarizing these articles, a step-by-step algorithm was created.

Results:
Most authors advise immediate surgery when a patient presents with either a positive oculocardiac reflex or a “trapdoor” fracture. Early surgical correction is recommended in children to prevent profound muscle damage. In other scenarios, most authors recommend performing surgery within 2 weeks. The algorithm begins with the aspect of motility, including muscle entrapment assessed by computed tomography or limited movement of the extraocular muscle. When there is no abnormality in motility, the algorithm continues to the aspect of position. Generally, an orbital floor defect of more than 50% or 2 cm2 or an enophthalmos of more than 2 mm is indicated for surgery. However, diplopia may also gradually resolve after improvement of periorbital edema or swelling.

Conclusion:
We proposed a step-by-step approach to help surgeons make effective decisions concerning surgical correction for patients suffering from blowout fractures with diplopia at different time points.
Osteoarthritis in Athletes Versus Nonathletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Marsilio Emanuela , Torsiello Ernesto , Pintore Andrea , Oliva Francesco , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Joint overload and sport-related injuries may accelerate the development of osteoarthritis (OA). A systematic review of the literature was performed to establish the risk of athletes to develop premature OA compared with nonathletes.

Materials and Methods:
This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Google scholar, Embase, and Web of Science databases were accessed in June 2021. All the published clinical studies investigating OA onset in athletes versus nonathletes were considered. Studies reporting data on secondary and/or post-traumatic OA were excluded.

Results:
Data from 32 articles (20,288 patients) were retrieved. The mean age was 67.8±10.0 years and the mean body mass index was 25.0±2.5 kg/m2. 74% (6859 patients) of the athletes suffered from premature OA. Of them, 21% were active in soccer, 11% in handball, 11% in ice-hockey, 3% in football, and 0.3% in rugby. 26% of the athletes reported no significant differences in OA progression compared with healthy controls. Of these athletes, 47% were runners, 5% dancers, and 1% triathletes.

Conclusion:
Certain sports, such as soccer, handball, ice-hockey, and rugby are more likely to be associated with premature knee and hip OA. Conversely, runners and ballet dancers do not evidence significant increase in OA. Moderate and recreational exposure to aerobic sports does not accelerate the development of OA.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Screening Programs for Cervical Cancer Prevention Across Europe
Authors: Carcopino Xavier , Cruickshank Maggie , Leeson Simon , Redman Charles , Nieminen Pekka 
Published: May 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to estimate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of cervical cancer screening in European countries.

Materials and Methods
A 3 rounds e-survey was conducted among the 31 European Federation for Colposcopy member countries during 2020. Each representative was asked to answer to each questionnaire for their own country. Questionnaires were not anonymous. The first questionnaire was sent in April 2020 and second and third in June and December 2020, respectively.

Results
Twenty five of the 31 European countries solicited responded. A total of 19 countries (70.4%) reported that screening for cervical cancer was suspended at least once during the 3 rounds of questionnaires. In addition, 11 countries reported stopping colposcopy and treatments for cervical precancerous lesions at least once during the 3 rounds of questionnaires. These situations evolved with time, with the highest rate of countries recommending suspension of screening, colposcopy, and treatments during the second round of the survey. At round 3, no country recommended screening, colposcopy, and treatment, and 12 countries (57.5%) reported normal screening was fully implemented.

Conclusions
Our results suggest massive disruption in cervical cancer screening programs across Europe resulting from COVID-19 pandemic. Increase in the incidence of cervical cancer is to be expected.
Scientific View of the Global Literature on Medical Error Reporting and Reporting Systems From 1977 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ünal Aysun , Seren Intepeler Şeyda 
Published: May 2022

Background
Error reporting is vital for the prevention of medical errors. Despite the importance of error reporting, underreporting of medical errors is a common reality in many countries. Therefore, barriers to error reporting and reporting systems are a constantly evolving field of research. For this reason, studies on medical error reporting and reporting systems should be evaluated multidimensionally.

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the global research on medical error reporting and reporting systems through bibliometric analysis to obtain a structured macroscopic overview of the features and developments.

Methods
A bibliometric analysis of 1464 publications from 1970 to 2021 was performed to map the literature of medical error reporting and assess the structure of the scientific community.

Results
After 2000, the number of publications increased annually until a maximum of 2020 was reached. The International Journal for Quality in Health Care and the Journal of Patient Safety have been the most productive journals when it comes to publishing on the subject. Trend topics of keyword plus have changed over time. The United States (1399), England (580), and Australia (478) are the 3 nations with the highest number of publications. On the other hand, it is seen that the subject has yet to be discussed in a few developing or underdeveloped countries.

Conclusions
This bibliometric analysis shows that the number of publications and authors and cross-country cooperation are low regarding error reporting. The low number of publications and the lack of cooperation, especially in developing countries, reveal the importance of global cooperation.
Continuing invariant solutions towards the turbulent flow
Authors: Parente E. , Farano M. , Robinet J.-Ch. , De Palma P. , Cherubini S. 
Published: May 2022

A new mathematical framework is proposed for characterizing the coherent motion of fluctuations around a mean turbulent channel flow. We search for statistically invariant coherent solutions of the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations written in a perturbative form with respect to the turbulent mean flow, using a suitable approximation of the Reynolds stress tensor. This is achieved by setting up a continuation procedure of known solutions of the perturbative Navier–Stokes equations, based on the continuous increase of the turbulent eddy viscosity towards its turbulent value. The recovered solutions, being sustained only in the presence of the Reynolds stress tensor, are representative of the statistically coherent motion of turbulent flows. For small friction Reynolds number and/or domain size, the statistically invariant motion is almost identical to the corresponding invariant solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. Whereas, for sufficiently large friction number and/or domain size, it considerably departs from the starting invariant solution of the Navier–Stokes equations, presenting spatial structures, main wavelengths and scaling very close to those characterizing both large- and small-scale motion of turbulent channel flows.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics (part 2)’.
Self-regularization in turbulence from the Kolmogorov 4/5-law and alignment
Authors: Drivas Theodore D. 
Published: May 2022

A defining feature of three-dimensional hydrodynamic turbulence is that the rate of energy dissipation is bounded away from zero as viscosity is decreased (Reynolds number increased). This phenomenon—anomalous dissipation—is sometimes called the ‘zeroth law of turbulence’ as it underpins many celebrated theoretical predictions. Another robust feature observed in turbulence is that velocity structure functionsSp(ℓ):=⟨|δℓu|p⟩exhibit persistent power-law scaling in the inertial range, namelySp(ℓ)∼|ℓ|ζpfor exponentsζp>0over an ever increasing (with Reynolds) range of scales. This behaviour indicates that the velocity field retains some fractional differentiability uniformly in the Reynolds number. The Kolmogorov 1941 theory of turbulence predicts thatζp=p/3for allpand Onsager’s 1949 theory establishes the requirement thatζp≤p/3forp≥ 3for consistency with the zeroth law. Empirically,ζ2⪆2/3andζ3⪅1, suggesting that turbulent Navier–Stokes solutions approximate dissipative weak solutions of the Euler equations possessing (nearly) the minimal degree of singularity required to sustain anomalous dissipation. In this note, we adopt an experimentally supported hypothesis on the anti-alignment of velocity increments with their separation vectors and demonstrate that the inertial dissipation provides a regularization mechanism via the Kolmogorov 4/5-law.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics (part 2)’.
Extreme events in transitional turbulence
Authors: Gomé Sébastien , Tuckerman Laurette S. , Barkley Dwight 
Published: May 2022

Transitional localized turbulence in shear flows is known to either decay to an absorbing laminar state or to proliferate via splitting. The average passage times from one state to the other depend super-exponentially on the Reynolds number and lead to a crossing Reynolds number above which proliferation is more likely than decay. In this paper, we apply a rare-event algorithm, Adaptative Multilevel Splitting, to the deterministic Navier–Stokes equations to study transition paths and estimate large passage times in channel flow more efficiently than direct simulations. We establish a connection with extreme value distributions and show that transition between states is mediated by a regime that is self-similar with the Reynolds number. The super-exponential variation of the passage times is linked to the Reynolds number dependence of the parameters of the extreme value distribution. Finally, motivated by instantons from Large Deviation theory, we show that decay or splitting events approach a most-probable pathway.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics (part 2)’.
On the Prandtl–Kolmogorov 1-equation model of turbulence
Authors: Kean Kiera , Layton William , Schneier Michael 
Published: May 2022

We prove an estimate of total (viscous plus modelled turbulent) energy dissipation in general eddy viscosity models for shear flows. The ratio of the near wall average viscosity to the effective global viscosity is the key parameter in the estimate. This result is then applied to the 1-equation, URANS model of turbulence for which this ratio depends on the specification of the turbulence length scale. The model, which was derived by Prandtl in 1945, is a component of a 2-equation model derived by Kolmogorov in 1942 and is the core of many unsteady, Reynolds averaged models for prediction of turbulent flows. Let
τ
denote a selected time scale. Away from walls, interpreting an early suggestion of Prandtl, we set

l
=

2

k

1

/

2

τ
.

In the near-wall region analysis suggests replacing the traditional

l
=
0.41
d

(

d
=

wall normal distance) with

l
=
0.41
d

d

/

L

giving

l
=
min

{

2

k

1

/

2

τ
,

0.41
d

d
L

}

.

This specification of

l

results in a simpler model with correct near wall asymptotics. Its energy dissipation rate scales no larger than the physically correct

O

(

U

3

/

L
)

, balancing energy input with energy dissipation.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics (part 2)’.