bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of natural and artificial prenatal stimulation on the behavioural profile of Japanese quail
Authors: Mezrai Nawel , Houdelier Cécilia , Bertin Aline , Calandreau Ludovic , Arnould Cécile , Darmaillacq Anne-Sophie , Dickel Ludovic , Lumineau Sophie 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTAs the sensory systems of vertebrates develop prenatally, embryos perceive many environmental stimuli that can influence the ontogeny of their behaviour. Whether the nature and intensity of prenatal stimuli affect this ontogeny differently remains to be investigated. In this context, this study aimed to analyse the effects of prenatal auditory stimulation (natural stimulation, NS; predator vocalisations or artificial stimulation, AS; metallic sounds) on the subsequent behaviour of young Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). For this, behavioural variables recorded during ethological tests evaluating emotional and social reactivity were analysed using a principal component analysis. This analysis revealed significant differences between the behavioural profile of stimulated chicks and that of non-exposed chicks. Indeed, chicks exposed to NS expressed more intense emotional responses in fearful situations, but less neophobia when exposed to a novel environment or object, whereas chicks exposed to AS appeared more sensitive to social isolation. Our results show that the acoustic environment of embryos can influence the way young birds subsequently interact with their social and physical environment after hatching, and face challenges in changing living conditions.
Aligned Macroporous Monoliths by Ice-Templating
Authors: Pan Zheng-Ze , Lv Wei , Yang Quan-Hong , Nishihara Hirotomo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ice-templating (IT) approach has become a popular way to prepare macroporous monoliths due to environmental friendliness and low cost, as well as the controllability of the macroporosity and exterior structures. In particular, a directional freezing process induces the formation of aligned ice-crystals that afford a brand-new material genre: aligned macroporous monoliths (AMMs). This short review gives an overview of the IT technique and the preparation of AMMs, with a subsequent unfolding of two representative AMMs, i.e., aligned micro-honeycomb monoliths and aligned micro-lamellar monoliths. These AMMs are characterized with their structural anisotropy and regularity, which imparts potentials towards various applications. We particularly highlighted the utilization of these AMMs in the context of thermal insulation, filtration, energy storage and structural engineering. Finally, future directions within this research field are also discussed.
Physical-Functional Properties and Characterization of Green Leaves in Nalgonda District, Telangana State: Nontimber Forest Products
Authors: Soujanya Kanneboina , Kumari B. Anila , Jyothsna E. , Kiran V. Kavitha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Naturally grown green leafy vegetables contribute nutrients, fiber, antioxidants, dietary diversity, household food security, income, and livelihood to rural people. Due to their good vitamin, mineral, and fiber properties, green leaves are considered to be protective foods. The physical-functional properties of four fresh and dried (Aerva lanata, Corchorus olitorius, Celosia argentea, and Leucas aspera) uncultivated green leafy vegetables available in Nalgonda District of Telangana State, India, were analyzed and compared. The results of the study reported that fresh Aerva lanata has high pH and fresh Corchorus olitorius has highest relative reconstitution capacity. It was found that fresh Celosia argentea has high shrinkage and dehydration ratio, and the leaves of Leucas aspera had high rehydration capacity. Dried leaf powder of Aerva lanata has high flowability, cohesiveness, pH, total soluble solids, water-retention capacity, and oil-retention capacity. Dried Corchorus olitorius was found to have high bulk density, tapped density, and rehydration capacity on dried weight basis. Leucas aspera powder had a high water absorption index and hydrophilic-lipophilic index. It was found that water activity of all the leaf powders is below 0.5 so they can be stored at room temperature. Physical and functional properties of uncultivated greens powders help in development of value-added products, product-specific equipment, and behavior of leaf powders at processing and packing levels.
Positive-case follow up for lymphatic filariasis after a transmission assessment survey in Haiti
Authors: Hast Marisa A. , Javel Alain , Denis Eurica , Barbre Kira , Rigodon Jonas , Robinson Keri , Brant Tara A. , Wiegand Ryan , Gass Katherine , Telfort Marc Aurèle , Dubray Christine 
Published: February 2022

Background
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) has been targeted for global elimination as a public health problem since 1997. The primary strategy to interrupt transmission is annual mass drug administration (MDA) for ≥5 years. The transmission assessment survey (TAS) was developed as a decision-making tool to measure LF antigenemia in children to determine when MDA in a region can be stopped. The objective of this study was to investigate potential sampling strategies for follow-up of LF-positive children identified in TAS to detect evidence of ongoing transmission.

Methodology/Principle findings
Nippes Department in Haiti passed TAS 1 with 2 positive cases and stopped MDA in 2015; however, 8 positive children were found during TAS 2 in 2017, which prompted a more thorough assessment of ongoing transmission. Purposive sampling was used to select the closest 50 households to each index case household, and systematic random sampling was used to select 20 households from each index case census enumeration area. All consenting household members aged ≥2 years were surveyed and tested for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) using the rapid filarial test strip and for Wb123-specific antibodies using the Filaria Detect IgG4 ELISA. Among 1,927 participants, 1.5% were CFA-positive and 4.5% were seropositive. CFA-positive individuals were identified for 6 of 8 index cases. Positivity ranged from 0.4–2.4%, with highest positivity in the urban commune Miragoane. Purposive sampling found the highest number of CFA-positives (17 vs. 9), and random sampling found a higher percent positive (2.4% vs. 1.4%).

Conclusions/Significance
Overall, both purposive and random sampling methods were reasonable and achievable methods of TAS follow-up in resource-limited settings. Both methods identified additional CFA-positives in close geographic proximity to LF-positive children found by TAS, and both identified strong signs of ongoing transmission in the large urban commune of Miragoane. These findings will help inform standardized guidelines for post-TAS surveillance.
Detection of maxillary sinus fungal ball via 3-D CNN-based artificial intelligence: Fully automated system and clinical validation
Authors: Kim Kyung-Su , Kim Byung Kil , Chung Myung Jin , Cho Hyun Bin , Cho Beak Hwan , Jung Yong Gi 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to develop artificial intelligence (AI) system to automatically classify patients with maxillary sinus fungal ball (MFB), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsWe collected 512 coronal image sets from ostiomeatal unit computed tomography (OMU CT) performed on subjects who visited a single tertiary hospital. These data included 254 MFB, 128 CRS, and 130 HC subjects and were used for training the proposed AI system. The AI system takes these 1024 sets of half CT images as input and classifies these as MFB, CRS, or HC. To optimize the classification performance, we adopted a 3-D convolutional neural network of ResNet 18. We also collected 64 coronal OMU CT image sets for external validation, including 26 MFB, 18 CRS, and 20 HCs from subjects from another referral hospital. Finally, the performance of the developed AI system was compared with that of the otolaryngology resident physicians.ResultsClassification performance was evaluated using internal 5-fold cross-validation (818 training and 206 internal validation data) and external validation (128 data). The area under the receiver operating characteristic over the internal 5-fold cross-validation and the external validation was 0.96 ±0.006 and 0.97 ±0.006, respectively. The accuracy of the internal 5-fold cross-validation and the external validation was 87.5 ±2.3% and 88.4 ±3.1%, respectively. As a result of performing a classification test on external validation data from six otolaryngology resident physicians, the accuracy was obtained as 84.6 ±11.3%.ConclusionsThis AI system is the first study to classify MFB, CRS, and HC using deep neural networks to the best of our knowledge. The proposed system is fully automatic but performs similarly to or better than otolaryngology resident physicians. Therefore, we believe that in regions where otolaryngology specialists are scarce, the proposed AI will perform sufficiently effective diagnosis on behalf of doctors.
Updated cost-effectiveness of MDMA-assisted therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: Findings from a phase 3 trial
Authors: Marseille Elliot , Mitchell Jennifer M. , Kahn James G. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition in the United States. and globally. Using pooled efficacy data from six phase 2 trials, therapy using 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) appeared cost-saving from a payer’s perspective. This study updates the cost-effectiveness analysis of this novel therapy using data from a new phase 3 trial, including the incremental cost-effectiveness of the more intensive phase 3 regimen compared with the shorter phase 2 regimen.

Methods
We adapted a previously-published Markov model to portray the costs and health benefits of providing MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) to patients with chronic, severe, or extreme PTSD in a recent phase 3 trial, compared with standard care. Inputs were based on trial results and published literature. The trial treated 90 patients with a clinician administered PTSD scale (CAPS-5) total severity score of 35 or greater at baseline, and duration of PTSD symptoms of 6 months or longer. The primary outcome was assessed 8 weeks after the final experimental session. Patients received three 90-minute preparatory psychotherapy sessions, three 8-hour active MDMA or placebo sessions, and nine 90-minute integrative psychotherapy sessions. Our model calculates the per-patient cost of MDMA-AT, net all-cause medical costs, mortality, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). We reported results from the U.S. health care payer’s perspective for multiple analytic time horizons, (base-case is 30 years), and conducted extensive sensitivity analyses. Costs and QALYs were discounted by 3% annually. Costs were adjusted to 2020 U.S. dollars according to the medical component of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index (CPI).

Results
MDMA-AT as conducted in the phase 3 trial costs $11,537 per patient. Compared to standard of care for 1,000 patients, MDMA-AT generates discounted net health care savings of $132.9 million over 30 years, accruing 4,856 QALYs, and averting 61.4 premature deaths. MDMA-AT breaks even on cost at 3.8 years while delivering 887 QALYs. A third MDMA session generates additional medical savings and health benefits compared with a two-session regimen. Hypothetically assuming no savings in health care costs, MDMA-AT has an ICER of $2,384 per QALY gained.

Conclusions
MDMA-AT provided to patients with severe or extreme chronic PTSD is cost-saving from a payer’s perspective, while delivering substantial clinical benefit.
Outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the course of the pandemic in a fully integrated health system
Authors: Lam Brian , Stepanova Maria , Venkatesan Chapy , Garcia Ivan , Reyes Mary , Mannan Ashiq , Groves Soleyah , Desai Mehul , Racila Andrei , Kolacevski Andrej , Henry Linda , Gerber Lynn H. , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Given the rapid spread of COVID-19 and its associated morbidity and mortality, healthcare providers throughout the world have been forced to constantly update and change their care delivery models.

Objective
To assess the outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients during the course of the pandemic in a well-integrated health system.

Methods
The study used data from the electronic health medical records to assess trends in clinical profile and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized in our 5-hospital health system from March 2020-May 2021 (n = 6865). Integration of the health system began in February 2020 and was fully actualized by March 30, 2020.

Results
Mortality decreased from 15% during first peak (March-May 2020; the rate includes 19% in March-April and 10% in May 2020) to 6% in summer-fall 2020, increased to 13% during the second peak (November 2020-January 2021), and dropped to 7% during the decline period (February-May 2021) (p<0.01). Resource utilization followed a similar pattern including a decrease in ICU use from 35% (first peak) to 16% (decline period), mechanical ventilation from 16% (first peak, including 45% in March 2020) to 9–11% in subsequent periods (p<0.01). Independent predictors of inpatient mortality across multiple study periods included older age, male sex, higher multi-morbidity scores, morbid obesity, and indicators of severe illness on admission such as oxygen saturation ≤90% and high qSOFA score (all p<0.05). However, admission during the first peak remained independently associated with increased mortality even after adjustment for patient-related factors: odds ratio = 1.8 (1.4–2.4) (p<0.0001).

Conclusions
The creation of a fully integrated health system allowed us to dynamically respond to the everchanging COVID-19 landscape. In this context, despite the increasing patient acuity, our mortality and resource utilization rates have improved during the pandemic.
Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in patients operated for aortic stenosis
Authors: Hultkvist Henrik , Nylander Eva , Tamás Éva , Svedjeholm Rolf , Engvall Jan , Holm Jonas , Maret Eva , Vánky Farkas 
Published: February 2022

Background
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is common in patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) and reportedly affects prognosis after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Here we investigated whether and how diastolic function (assessed following the most recent guidelines) was affected by SAVR, and whether preoperative diastolic function affected postoperative outcome. We also examined whether long-term mortality was associated with preoperative NT-proBNP and postoperative heart failure (PHF).

Methods
We performed a prospective observational study of 273 patients with AS who underwent AVR with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery. Of these patients, 247 were eligible for assessment of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure. Preoperatively and at the 6-month postoperative follow-up, we measured N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in serum and assessed diastolic function with Doppler echocardiography. PHF was diagnosed using prespecified criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore variables associated with high LV filling pressure. Cox regression was performed to explore variables associated with mortality, accounting for timeto-event.

Results
At the time of surgery, 22% (n = 54) of patients had diastolic dysfunction expressed as high LV filling pressure. Of these 54 patients, 27 (50%) showed postoperative diastolic function improvement. Among the 193 patients with preoperative low LV filling pressure, 24 (12%) showed postoperative diastolic function deterioration. Increased long-term mortality was associated with PHF and high preoperative NT-proBNP, but not with preoperative or postoperative diastolic dysfunction. Cox regression revealed the following independent risk factors for long-term mortality: diabetes, renal dysfunction, preoperative NT-proBNP>960 ng/L, age, and male gender.

Conclusions
Surgery for aortic stenosis improved diastolic function in patients with high LV filling pressure in 50% of the patients. Our results could not confirm the previously suggested role of diastolic dysfunction as a marker for poor long-term survival after SAVR. Our findings showed that both PHF and high preoperative NT-proBNP were associated with long-term mortality.
Vaccination status and factors associated among children age 12–23 months in Ethiopia, based on 2016 EDHS: Logit based multinomial logistic regression analysis
Authors: Enyew Ermias Bekele , Tareke Abiyu Abadi 
Published: February 2022

Background
Childhood immunization is one of the most cost-effective prevention measures for children’s mortality and morbidity, saving 2–3 million lives per year. In Ethiopia, under-five mortality rates, about 190,000 children die each year. Different research conducted in Ethiopia on childhood vaccination have focused on either vaccination coverage of individual vaccine or complete and incomplete vaccination. As far as my literature searching, studies separated the vaccination status into non-vaccinated, partially vaccinated and full vaccinated and assorted factors among children age 12–23 month in Ethiopia were limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with vaccination status among children 12–23 months of age in Ethiopia.

Method
A secondary data analysis was done based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total weighted sample of 1911 children age 12–23 months of age were included in the study. Logit based Multinomial logistic regression analysis was computed to distinguish factors associated with routine vaccination of children aged 12–23 months. P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance of each independent variables, and adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval were used to present the result and STATA 14 was utilized for data management and analysis.

Result
Overall the prevalence of full vaccinated children was 35%, while 49% of children were partially vaccinated and 16% were non-vaccinated. In multinomial analysis, having focused ANC (at least four visits) contrasted to no ANC visits at all had 9.7 higher odd of being fully vaccinated than not vaccinated [AOR = 9.74, 95% CI = 3.52–26.94], and 5 times higher odd of being partially vaccinated than not vaccinated [AOR = 4.97, 95% CI = 2.00–12.33].

Conclusion
The present study found that childhood full vaccination status was low compared with the World Health Organization targets. Frequency of ANC visit and visited by field worker were significantly associated both partially and full vaccination whereas, visited health facility last 12 months and wealth status were significantly associated with childhood full vaccination.
Relationship between HbA1c, fructosamine and clinical assessment of glycemic control in dogs
Authors: Norris Olga , Schermerhorn Thomas 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSerum fructosamine is a routine test used for clinical monitoring of diabetes mellitus (DM) but the usefulness of HbA1c for this purpose has not been extensively studied.HypothesisThe study aimed to compare the ability of blood HbA1c and serum fructosamine tests to correctly classify DM control determined using a clinically-based assessment.Animals28 client-owned dogs with naturally-occurring diabetes mellitus.MethodsCross-sectional observational study. Ability of fructosamine and HbA1c tests to classify diabetes control in dogs was determined.ResultsClinical assessment classified 50% of dogs as having good diabetic control and 82% as having acceptable diabetic control. Analysis using Cohen’s kappa test showed that agreements between fructosamine and HbA1c results and the clinical assessment ranged from poor to fair. Fructosamine and HbA1c results from each dog showed a moderate correlation. Overall, the HbA1c test showed the best agreement with the clinical assessment when diabetes control was considered either acceptable or unacceptable, although the strength of agreement was considered fair (kappa = 0.27).Conclusions and clinical importanceThe HbA1c concentration was found to be more consistent with clinical evaluation of diabetes control than was the serum fructosamine concentration. The HbA1c level is a useful tool for assessment of glycemic status in diabetic dogs but should be used alongside other tests for outpatient monitoring of clinically stable diabetic dogs.
Assessment of need for hemostatic evaluation in patients taking valproic acid: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Post Demi S. , van der Veer Arian , Schijns Olaf E. M. G. , Klinkenberg Sylvia , Rijkers Kim , Wagner G. Louis , van Kranen-Mastenbroek Vivianne H. J. M. , Willems Paul C. P. H. , Verhezen Paul W. M. , Beckers Erik A. M. , Heubel-Moenen Floor C. J. I. , Henskens Yvonne M. C. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Valproic acid (VPA) is a frequently prescribed anti-epileptic drug. Since its introduction side effects on hemostasis are reported. However, studies show conflicting results, and the clinical relevance is questioned. We aimed to determine the coagulopathies induced by VPA in patients who undergo high-risk surgery. The study results warrant attention to this issue, which might contribute to reducing bleeding complications in future patients.

Methods
Between January 2012 and August 2020, 73 consecutive patients using VPA were retrospectively included. Extensive laboratory hemostatic assessment (including platelet function tests) was performed before elective high-risk surgery. Patient characteristics, details of VPA treatment, and laboratory results were extracted from medical records.

Results
46.6% of the patients using VPA (n = 73) showed coagulopathy. Mainly, platelet function disorder was found (36.4%). Thrombocytopenia was seen in 9.6% of the patients. Data suggested that the incidence of coagulopathies was almost twice as high in children as compared to adults and hypofibrinogenemia was only demonstrated in children. No association was found between the incidence of coagulopathies and VPA dosage (mg/kg/day).

Conclusion
A considerable number of patients using VPA were diagnosed with coagulopathy, especially platelet function disorder. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the need for comprehensive laboratory testing before elective high-risk surgery in these patients.