bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometrical Diagnostics For Modified Gravitational Theory With The Different Formalisms
Authors: Lu Jianbo , Liu Yan , Guo Jing , Wang Jie , Zhuang Zhitong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Geometrical diagnostic methods were often applied to distinguish the gravitational models. But it is scarce to investigate the differences between the different formalisms of modified gravitational theories (e.g. the metric formalism and the Palatini formalism). In this paper, we discriminate the gravitational theory with the different formalisms by using the geometrical diagnostic methods. For considered modified theory of gravity (e.g. the f(R) theory or GBD theory), we can see that the difference between two formalisms are remarkable according to the diagnostic results. And relative to the ΛCDM model, there are the more deviation in metric formalism than those in Palatini formalism, according to the {r,s} diagnostic. Given that the GBD (generalized Brans-Dicke theory) is a time-variable Newton gravitational constant (VG) theory, the differences between the VG theory and the constant-G theory are studied. It indicates that the variation of Newton gravitational constant could induce notable effects on geometrical quantities (e.g. r, s and q) in both the metric formalism and the Palatini formalism.PACS numbers: 98.80.-k
Cationic polymer contributes to broaden the spectrum of vancomycin activity achieving eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Alovero Fabiana L. , Corti Melisa B. , Campagno Luciana P. , Romero Verónica L. , Gutierrez Silvina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Vancomycin (VAN) is unable to penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and reach the target site. One approach to overcome this limitation is to associate it with compounds with permeabilizing or antimicrobial properties. EudragitE100® (Eu) is a cationic polymer insufficiently characterized for its potential antimicrobial action. Eu-VAN combinations were characterized, the antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated and previous studies on the effects of Eu on bacterial envelopes were extended. Time-kill assays showed eradication of P.aeruginosa within 3-6 h exposure to Eu-VAN, whilst VAN was ineffective. Eu showed regrowth in 24 h and delayed colony pigmentation. Although permeabilization of bacterial envelopes or morphological alterations observed by TEM and flow cytometry after exposure to Eu were insufficient to cause bacterial death, they allowed access of VAN to the target site, since Eu-VAN/Van-FL-treated cultures showed fluorescent staining in all bacterial cells, indicating Van-FL internalization. Consequently, Eu potentiated the activity of an otherwise inactive antibiotic against P. aeruginosa . Moreover, Eu-VAN combinations exhibited improved physicochemical properties and could be used in the development of therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of bacterial keratitis.
A male-specific cell line from the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae: Establishment and a comparative transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Krzywinska Elzbieta , Ferretti Luca , Krzywinski Jaroslaw 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cell lines allow studying various biological processes that may not be easily tractable in whole organisms. Here, we have established the first male-specific cell line from the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. The cells, named AgMM and derived from the sex-sorted neonate larvae, were able to undergo spontaneous contractions for a number of passages following establishment, indicating their myoblast origin. Comparison of their transcriptome to the transcriptome of an A. gambiae-derived Sua5.1 hemocyte cells revealed distinguishing molecular signatures of each cell line, including numerous muscle-related genes that were highly and uniquely expressed in the AgMM cells. Moreover, the AgMM cells express the primary sex determiner gene Yob and support male sex determination and dosage compensation pathways. Therefore, the AgMM cell line represents a valuable tool for molecular and biochemical in vitro studies of these male-specific processes. In a broader context, a rich transcriptomic data set generated in this study contributes to a better understanding of transcribed regions of the A. gambiae genome and sheds light on the biology of both cell types, facilitating their anticipated use for various cell-based assays.
Bioinformatics Approaches to Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets of Mixed Dementia
Authors: Zhang Jing , Huang Qifeng , Zhou Yiting 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Mixed dementia (MxD) refers to a patient's coexistence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Until recently, pharmacological studies have generally focused on pure disease, AD or VaD, and have shed little light on the best therapeutic approaches to MxD. Therefore this study aimed to explore potential targets for MxD.
Methods
GSE36980 and GSE122063 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). GEO2R was utilized to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE36980 between MxD and control groups. Then the genes in the top 50% of the median absolute deviation (MAD) with at least MAD greater than 0.01 and phenotypes of samples in GSE36980 were analyzed using R package “weighted gene co-expression network analysis” (WGCNA). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment were analyzed on the selected dark green module genes. Protein-protein interactions analyses were performed in the STRING database and key genes were screened based on the maximal clique centrality (MCC) and maximum neighborhood component (MNC) algorithm of Cytoscape software. Key genes were then verified in external dataset GSE122063.
Results
There were 162 DEGs identified, including 121 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated genes. And the dark green module was the mostly related to MxD, among which, 43 genes were also DEGs in GSE36980 datasets. The most significantly enriched biological processes were the type I interferon signaling pathway (GO:0060337, P = 1.79E-25) and defense response to virus (GO:0051607, P = 2.34E-22). Due to the highest scores received, STAT1, IFIT3, OAS2, and MX1 may play crucial roles in MxD. Finally, test in external dataset GSE122063, STAT1, and IFIT3 were significantly up-regulated in AD patients.
Conclusions
In conclusion, STAT1 and IFIT3 may serve as potential targets for the pathogenesis of MxD, which should be further explored in the future.
Exploring the Interaction of Influenza A Subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 Based on an Evolution-driven Transmission Model
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhang Bing , Liang Shiwen , Tang Feng , Zhao Yang , Tian Dechao , Du Xiangjun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two influenza A subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2) co-circulate and pose a serious disease burden globally. It is unclear about the extent of cross protection between these two influenza A subtypes as well as the impact of cross protection on influenza dynamics. Based on an evolution-driven mathematical transmission model, the interaction between H1N1 and H3N2 was explored based on monthly incidence data in United States from the year 2012 to 2019. Results showed that significant cross protection between H1N1 and H3N2 exists. Besides, the cross protection for H1N1 from H3N2 is much stronger than the other way around. Results also show that cross protection between H1N1 and H3N2 have substantial influence on the epidemics. The model was also validated in Germany, Austria and Norway. A forecasting framework was proposed based on the model with feasible accuracy for both retrospective and prospective forecasts of H1N1 and H3N2 in United States. Our findings quantify and highlight the importance of cross protection on the co-circulating of seasonal influenza A H1N1 and H3N2.
Ferroptosis-related genes coordinated with PD-L2 shapes matrix stiffness-driven tumor environment and predict hepatocellular carcinoma development
Authors: Shunxi Wang , Long Chen , Wanqian Liu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis have been implicated in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and immuno-therapy in cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), indicating its association with extracellular matrix stiffness and immune checkpoint inhibitor. Here, we postulated that increased matrix stiffness reduces ferroptosis and impairs tumor immunity by regulating the expression of ferroptosis- and immune-related genes in HCC, which might be a robust predictor of therapeutic efficacy.Methods: Using publicly available tissue microarray datasets, liver cancer rat model, and clinical specimen, ferroptosis-related differential genes in cirrhotic HCC and its mechanical heterogeneous pattern of expression were screened and identified. Further investigation on the underlying mechanism of matrix stiffness-regulated ferroptosis and the expression of immune mediator were performed.Results: SLC7A11 and STEAP3 were identified as the ferroptosis-related differential genes in cirrhotic HCC, especially induced by HBV and HCV virus. Stiffer matrix increased SLC7A11 and decreased STEAP3 in the invasive front area of HCC and the liver cirrhotic tissue. Contrarily, softer matrix reduced SLC7A11 and induced STEAP3 in the central area of HCC and the normal liver tissue. Immunological correlation of SLC7A11 and STEAP3 in cirrhotic HCC showed that SLC7A11- or STEAP3-mediated immune infiltration of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and HCC prognosis, predicting to regulate immune infiltration. Knockdown of SLC7A11 or overexpression of STEAP3 induced ferroptosis and inhibited the expression of immune mediator of PD-L2 on a stiff matrix.Conclusions: This finding identifies matrix stiffness impairs ferroptosis and anti-tumor immunity by mediating SLC7A11, STEAP3, and PD-L2, and thus targeting it could be a potential diagnosis and treatment strategy for HCC.
Diffractive Encryption: A Brand-New Chaotic Encryption Model
Authors: Hu Anqi , Gong Xiaoxue , Guo Lei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a brand-new chaotic encryption model that defines operations based on the data, which named Diffractive Encryption. We take a specific encryption algorithm as an example to prove the excellent effect and high security of the model. Unlike the existing encryption methods, the ciphertext generated by our encryption model hardly carries any data-related information, i.e. the plaintext does not directly participate in the encryption operation to form the ciphertext. Finally, we make a more objective security analysis of the encryption algorithm in this paper with the perspective of traditional security analysis. In the field of Chaotic Cryptography, this is a disruptive idea, and may become a new research direction.
Asymmetrical Response by Zooplankton to Hurricanes: Post-Harvey Communities are Distinct from Other Hurricane and Non-Storm Years
Authors: Topor Zachary Michael , Genung Mark , Robinson Kelly Lynn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tropical cyclones can highly modify coastal ecosystems through interactions between their unique set of meteorological traits and an ecosystem’s antecedent conditions. As such, resultant changes to biological community structure are likely storm-specific, yet our understanding of cyclone effects on marine communities is limited compared to communities in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Using Gulf of Mexico (GOM) mesozooplankton data, we tested: (1) for differences between storm and non-storm community structure and dispersion; (2) if post-storm communities varied between one another; (3) if salinity drove differences; and (4) if physical drivers of abundance and evenness varied between storm and non-storm communities. Mesozooplankton community structure following Hurricanes Harvey, Ike, Rita, and during five non-storm years were analyzed. Post-Ike, post-Rita, and non-storm communities were similar while post-Harvey communities were distinct. A structural equation model revealed stratification and abundance drove community evenness. Post-Harvey mesozooplankton were more abundant in low salinity waters; a pattern muted during all other years. NW GOM mesozooplankton community structure was generally resilient to hurricane effects, except when large changes in salinity occurred. Our findings suggest resource availability for planktivorous predators and energy transfer within coastal food webs is altered following cyclones with high precipitation rates.
Nano zero-valent iron assisted microbial electrosynthesis for medium-chain fatty acids production
Authors: Wu Ping , Zhang Jie , Li Jing , Zhang Yan , Fu Bo , Xu Mingyi , Zhang Yifeng , Liu He 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) has been considered a promising platform for carboxylic acids production using homoacetogenic and chain-elongating bacteria. However, this biotechnology is still in its infancy, and many limitations are needed to be transcended, such as low electron transfer efficiency between cathode and microbes.Results: In this study, nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) was employed to improve carboxylic acid production in the MES system. The final accumulated acetate, butyrate, and caproate concentration enhanced from 700.1, 53.6, and 11.8 mg/L to 1.6, 1.1, and 0.7 g/L, with the maximum yield on bicarbonate of 20.7%, 18.7%, and 13.7%, respectively. Besides performing as an additional electron donor, NZVI was also proven to facilitate the formation of electroactive biofilms according to the results of DNA concentration. In addition, it was found that the anaerobic corrosion of NZVI promoted the domination of hydrogen-producing bacteria Paraclostridium, with the increasing relative abundance from 16.78% to 44.18% in the biofilm under open-circuit mode. While under the closed-circuit, the presence of NZVI resulted in significantly higher relative abundances of homoacetogenic bacteria (Terrisporobacter: 20.91%) and chain-elongating bacteria (Clostridium-sensu-stricto-12: 11.8%) in biofilm than in the catholyte (2.18% and 1.63% correspondingly).Conclusions: This study provided the evidence and revealed how NZVI assisted carboxylic acid production in MES and contributes to the application prospects of MES for carbon utilization and energy sustainability.
Interleukin-33 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 in scleroderma cardiac involvement
Authors: Iannazzo Francesco , Pellicano Chiara , Colalillo Amalia , Ramaccini Cesarina , Romaniello Antonella , Gigante Antonietta , Rosato Edoardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Interleukin (IL)-33 is part of the IL-1 family of cytokines and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) is part of the family of IL-1 receptors. In systemic sclerosis (SSc), IL-33 and sST2 are involved in cardiac manifestations such as diastolic dysfunction (DD), autonomic dysfunction (AD) and right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling assessed by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)/systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP).Methods: Serum levels of IL33 and sST2 were assessed in 50 SSc patients and 14 healthy controls (HC). Clinical assessment, echocardiography and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis were performed in SSc patients. Results: Serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 were significantly higher in SSc patients than HC. A linear positive correlation between modified Rodnan skin score and IL33 was observed. Serum values of sST2 were higher in SSc patients with DD than in patients without DD [15403 pg/ml (12208-19941) vs 8556 pg/ml (6820-11036), p<0.001]. sST2 showed a negative correlation with standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN) (r=-0,281, p<0.05) and positive correlation with low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) (r=0,349, p<0.01). Negative linear correlation exists between sST2 and TAPSE/sPAP (r=-0.398, p<0.01).Conclusion: Serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 are higher in SSc patients than HC. Serum levels of sST2 are a potential marker of DD, AD and right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling.
Modulation instability and rogue waves for the sixth-order nonlinear Schro¨dinger equation with variable coefficients on a periodic background
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhaqilao Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, rogue wave solutions of a sixth-order focusing nonlinear Schr¨odinger (NLS) equation with variable coefficients are investigated on a periodic background. To get the results, we take advantage of Darboux transformation approach and the nonlinearization of spectral problem and we firstly find one kind of rogue wave solution evolves periodically with time on a periodically spatial background. Modulation instability (MI) of the sixth-order focusing NLS equation with variable coefficients is also studied.
Implications of Bacteriological Study in Complicated and Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Cimpean Sorin , Barranquero Alberto Gonzalez , Surdeanu Ion , Cadiere Benjamin , Cadiere Guy-Bernard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe bacteriological sample in the presence of intraabdominal free fluid is necessary to adapt the antibiotherapy and to prevent the development of resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between uncomplicated (UAA) and complicated acute appendicitis (CAA) in terms of bacterial culture results and antibiotic resistance, and to evaluate the predictors for complicated appendicitis.Material and methodsWe performed a single-centre, retrospective observational study of all consecutive patients who presented with appendicular peritonitis and underwent emergent surgery in a tertiary referral hospital in Brussels, Belgium, between January 2013 and December 2020. 268 patients were analysed in term of medical history, parameters at admission, bacterial culture, antibiotic resistance and postoperative outcomes.ResultsThe positive microbiological culture rate was significantly higher in CAA group (68.2 % vs. 53.4 %). The most frequently isolated bacteria in UAA and CAA cultures were E. coli (37.9 % and 48.6 %), bacteria from the Streptoccocus anginosus group (9.3 % and 7.8 %), and Bacteroides spp. (5 % and 13.1 %). The most commonly observed resistances were against ampicillin (28.9 % and 21.7 %) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (16.4 % and 10.5 %) in UAA and CAA, respectively. The predictors for complicated appendicitis were preoperative or intraoperative variables. Neither the culture results, the group of bacterial isolation nor the specific isolated bacteria predicted a complicated appendicitis.Conclusion CAA presented a higher rate of positive cultures with increased identification of Gram negative bacteria. There were not relevant differences in terms of antibiotic resistance.
The stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, cancer stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and B7-H4 expression in ovarian serous carcinoma
Authors: Choi Kyung Un , Hwang Chungsu , Lee Hyun Jung , Kim Ki Hyung , Na Ju-Young , Song Yong Jung , Kim Jee Yeon , Kim Kyungbin , Shin Dong Hoon , Park Joon Young , Kim So Young , Lee Jung Hee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background B7-H4 is expressed in various types of cancers and its expression inversely correlates with the degree of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Studies have shown the relationship between B7-H4, cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various cancers. However, very few studies have investigated the relationship between B7-H4, TILs, cancer stemness, and EMT in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The present study aimed to elucidate whether B7-H4 is involved in immune evasion and examine whether B7-H4 is associated with cancer stemness or EMT in ovarian serous carcinoma, the most common type of EOC. The clinical significance of B7-H4 was also investigated to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.MethodsA total of 145 patients included in this study. The degree of stromal TILs was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides. Immunohistochemical analysis of B7-H4, CSC-related biomarkers (CD24, CD44s, CD133, and ALDH1), and EMT-related biomarkers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin) was performed using tissue microarray. qRT-PCR for VTCN1, CD24, CD44, PROM1, ALDH1, CDH1, CDH2, and VIM genes was performed on 38 frozen tissue samples. The mRNA expression levels were analyzed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) online analysis tool.ResultsB7-H4 protein expression positively correlated with the degree of stromal TILs. CD24, CD44s, and CD133 expression showed a positive correlation with B7-H4 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels, but ALDH1 correlated only at the protein level. E-cadherin expression was positively correlated with B7-H4 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels. N-cadherin and vimentin expression was inversely related to B7-H4 expression only at the mRNA level. B7-H4 positive patients were associated with higher tumor grade and lower overall survival rate than B7-H4 negative patients, especially in ovarian serous carcinoma with low stromal TILs.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that B7-H4 may not be involved in the immune evasion mechanism, but is involved in cancer stemness and mesenchymal-epithelial transition. In addition, B7-H4 may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian serous carcinoma, especially with low stromal TILs.
Entanglement Dynamics and Quantum Dense Encoding of Heisenberg Spin Chain in Non-Markovian Environment
Authors: Tang ShiSheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quantum entanglement is a special nonlocal association between quantum systems. It is a fundamental feature of the difference between quantum and classical. At the same time, it acts as a very important resource in quantum informatics. Therefore, entanglement plays a noble role in quantum information and quantum computing. Quantum dense coding, as an application of quantum entanglement in practice, is a quantum communication protocol characterized by security and secrecy, which plays a very important role in quantum informatics and cryptography. This paper is mainly in the Non-Markovian environment of Heisenberg Spin chain system, using the quantum dense coding scheme proposed by Bennett et al. to study The dynamics of quantum dense coding channel capacity evolution with time and the entanglement dynamics of the system are discussed in detail.Based on the theoretical knowledge of open quantum systems and the maximum entangled state \(\left| {{{\mathbf{\psi }}_{{\mathbf{AB}}}}} \right\rangle =\frac{1}{{\sqrt 2 }}\left( {\left| {11} \right\rangle +\left| {00} \right\rangle } \right)\) as the initial state, the density matrix of the system evolution over time is obtained by quantum state diffusion method,and the evolution of channel capacity and entanglement over time of Heisenberg spin chains is simulated accurately. The results show that: the capacity and entanglement of dense coded channel oscillate with time and reach different stable values. Environmental correlation coefficient\(\gamma\)and coupling strength\(\eta\)and a play an important role in dense coding and quantum entanglement of quantum systems.Proper selection of parameters can keep the system good entanglement characteristics and increase the channel capacity\(\chi\)of the system, thus ensuring the effective transmission and processing of quantum information in practice. It lays a solid foundation for quantum computing