bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoarchitectonics of High‐Performance Bis(triethoxysilyl)methane (BTESM) Hybrid‐Silica Membrane for Pervaporative Desalination Applications
Authors: Wang Jiaxuan , Yang Jianhua , Raza Waseem , Saulat Hammad , Ma Lei , Lu Jinming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs an emerging technology, desalination by pervaporation (PV) has excellent potential in freshwater supply from saline waters. However, the investigation of stable membrane materials needs still to address separation issues such as fouling in desalination applications. Ceramic membranes, especially hybrid‐silica membranes, possess the required properties for pervaporation desalination and remain potentially tolerant to various saline waters which conventional membranes cannot withstand. Herein, we report the preparation of a thin, short‐chain BTESM hybrid‐silica membrane on cheap macroporous alumina supports for desalination applications through pervaporation. The fabricated membrane delivered water flux of 9.1 kg m−2 h−1 and 6.7 kg m−2 h−1 at 60 °C for simulated and real based sampled seawater, respectively, with a high rejection of >99.5 %. The fabricated membrane delivers excellent separation for various salt ranges and different salt solutions, including KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2. Further, the PV performance of fabricated membranes implies that hybrid silica based membranes can be potential candidates for commercial desalination markets.
Transfer learning with attention mechanism as predicting tool for dynamic adsorption of ammonia on MCM‐41 matrix materials
Authors: Zhu Ming , Gao Shenghan , Li Chengming , Wang Lei , Zhang Quanling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGas adsorption is one important field of gas separation and air pollution control. The modeling prediction of dynamic adsorption can benefit process design and speed up material development. In this article, we try to propose intelligent model for modeling prediction of dynamic adsorption. Transfer learning with attention mechanism is utilized for the first time to capture flow details near breakthrough zone. The predicting target and training source are heterogeneous data from different materials and different operating conditions. The best predicting performance is obtained using one layer of long short‐term memory, linear activation function, and 70% training rate. Transfer learning with attention mechanism obtains the best predicting results for MgBr2/MCM‐41 adsorption at 200°C, 184 kPa is 7.032 × 10−8 in mean squared error (MSE). It also obtains the lowest predicting error of 4.609 × 10−8 in MSE, for predicting CaBr2/MCM‐41 adsorption at 200°C, 176 kPa. The results have proven the capability of modeling prediction of transfer learning with attention mechanism for dynamic ammonia adsorption on MCM‐41 matrix materials.
The clinical analysis of new‐onset status epilepticus
Authors: Deng Binlu , Dai Yuqian , Wang Qi , Yang Jie , Chen Xiang , Liu Ting‐Ting , Liu Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the etiology and prognosis of patients with new‐onset status epilepticus (NOSE).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of all adult patients (≧16 years old) who were admitted to Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020 with status epilepticus (SE) and no prior epilepsy history.ResultsWe collected data from 85 patients, aged from 16 to 90 years, of whom 49 were male and 36 were female. Fifty‐five of these cases (64.7%) were younger than 60 years of age. Acute symptomatic SE was mostly seen in the NOSE (53.9%), followed by unknown SE (25.9%), progressive SE (11.8%), and remote SE (9.4%). The differences in the etiology of NOSE between age groups were statistically significant (P < .05). For the young, the main etiology remained unknown (36.3%), followed by autoimmune‐related SE (16.4%); in the elderly, the primary etiology was central nervous system (CNS) infection (23.3%), followed by cerebrovascular disease (20%), and intracranial tumors (20%). Normal imaging was mostly seen in young people with NOSE (P < .001). Regarding outcome parameters and risk factors in patients with NOSE, adverse outcome was associated with age (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 0.108–0.758, P = .012), co‐infection (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 0.083–0.599, P = .003), and tracheal intubation (OR = 6.318, 95% CI = 0.060–0.204, P = .011).SignificanceIn our cohort, intracranial tumors, CNS infections, and cerebrovascular disease were the predominant causes of NOSE in the elderly, while autoimmune encephalitis was the largest recognized cause of NOSE in young patients. In addition, imaging varies with age. According to the data, preventing infections may enhance patient prognosis because greater infection rates are connected with less favorable results. Meanwhile, age and mechanical ventilation are related to the prognosis of NOSE.
Channel head response to anthropogenic landscape modification: A case study from the North Carolina Piedmont, USA, with implications for water quality
Authors: Atkins Rachel M. , Wegmann Karl W. , Bohnenstiehl Del Wayne R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEuropean‐American settlement of the south‐eastern United States introduced agricultural practices that included extensive clearing of forested hillslopes to support food and cash‐crop agriculture. This land disturbance has long‐term effects on stream morphology by displacing channel heads down‐valley, impacting downstream sediment and nutrient supply as channel heads migrate back up‐valley towards their pre‐disturbance locations. This study investigates 40 stream channels in William B. Umstead State Park in the Piedmont of North Carolina using relationships between local slope and contributing drainage areas to predict channel head locations and compare these to their observed positions. Further, expected eroded sediment and nutrient contributions are quantified using migration distances and sampled soils near channel heads. Of the 40 investigated channel heads, 23 are located down‐valley from their predicted location by an average of 174.4 m ± 109.6 (1 − σ). Using this distance and average channel cross‐sectional area, 1.6 ± 1.4 m2 (1 − σ), the expected future erosion per channel is 282.6 ± 177.6 m3 (1 − σ). Drainage density was used to extrapolate volumes to the 23 km2 park using a conservative estimate that 50% of the first‐order channel heads will migrate up‐valley, implying an additional 90.4 ± 56.8 × 103 m3 (1 − σ) of sediment is expected to erode from the study area. Finally, scaling these volume estimates to sampled soil nutrient values indicates that approximately 1053 ± 662 t (68% confidence) of carbon, 51 ± 32 t of total nitrogen, and 15 ± 9 t of phosphorus are anticipated to enter the fluvial system in response to channel head migration from within the confines of this state park, representing only 1% of the land area in Wake County. These findings suggest that regional water quality challenges posed by suspended sediments and nutrients will persist for hundreds to perhaps thousands of years from non‐point sources as first‐order channels continue to erode headward towards their equilibrium landscape positions.
Economical and sustainable microbial peroxide‐producing cell utilizing domestic sewage water and its contemporaneous treatment
Authors: Chang Changsomba , Gupta Pratima 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo boost growth and global competitiveness, a growing number of industries and sewage treatment plants are making “sustainability” and “cost‐effectiveness” key goals in their strategy and vision. This movement is also spreading far beyond the small group of people who recognize as “green”. This is the first study to demonstrate that domestic sewage water can be utilized as anodic feed for the electrochemical production of H2O2 in the catholyte with simultaneous wastewater treatment in a microbial peroxide‐producing cell (MPPC) designed cost‐effectively utilizing a variety of catholyte and few electrode materials. The electrochemical output utilizing domestic wastewater resulted in maximum production of 62 mM H2O2 in a 37‐day batch in the MPPC with 50 mM H2SO4 catholyte having a bare activated charcoal electrode. The constantly rising H2O2 production during the 37‐day hydraulic retention time demonstrated the system's sustainability and efficiency in contrast to other reported studies. Cyclic voltammetry analysis of the catholyte with the Fenton process showed excellent redox peaks, indicating its applicability for in‐situ pollutant degradation. The MPPCs had an overall 40%–60% and 65%–85% removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. This study shows that a simple MPPC design with no extensive modifications can be efficient at producing H2O2 and simultaneously treating wastewater.
Changes in the options contract size and arbitrage opportunities
Authors: Song Joonhyuk , Ryu Doojin , Yu Jinyoung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe examine the impacts of changes to the options multiplier on market efficiency by analyzing their effects on arbitrage proxies based on the performance of options spread strategies. Despite the intentions of the reforms, both decisions to raise and reduce the multiplier significantly increase the frequency and probability of arbitrage opportunities. Whereas the increment in the multiplier also deteriorates market efficiency by increasing the duration and average size of the arbitrage opportunities in a day, the decrement does not affect these proxies. Our results overall provide evidence that reforms to the options multiplier do not enhance market efficiency and suggest that retail investors are not homogeneously noisy.
Offshore FDI, tax havens, and productivity: A network analysis
Authors: Jha Soni , Awate Snehal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch summaryMultinational enterprises (MNEs) use tax havens to benefit from international tax arbitrage and increase their capital efficiency. These activities are purported to distort global financial markets, erode national corporate tax bases, and are singularly targeted in the media. Despite this, MNEs continue to increase the dispersion of their tax haven activities by investing in multiple tax havens. We study how this dispersion affects home and host country productivity. We model the inward and outward offshore foreign direct investment (FDI) networks using longitudinal data on 212 countries. We find that increasing dispersion leads to productivity losses at home but productivity gains in the host country. Further, increasing the prominence of home and host countries in the offshore network, by connecting with central, well‐developed tax havens, improves their productivity.Managerial summaryIs offshore FDI routed through tax havens always unproductive to the MNEs' home and host countries? While governments attempt to contain such investments, MNE managers disperse them into multiple tax havens and continue benefitting from tax arbitrage. We show that all offshore FDI is not unproductive. As managers route their investments through multiple tax havens, their home countries may experience productivity losses, but the host countries receive productivity gains. Further, using central, well‐established tax havens bring productivity gains to both home and host countries. We thus show that MNEs' home countries need to reassess their offshore FDI policies since several of them also host these investments. Our paper extends a multilateral perspective on offshore FDI and possible benefits attainable, particularly from central tax havens.
Spatial variation of changes in test–retest reliability of functional connectivity after global signal regression: The effect of considering hemodynamic delay
Authors: Wanger Timothy J. , Janes Amy C. , Frederick Blaise B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlobal signal regression (GSR) is a controversial analysis method, since its removal of signal has been observed to reduce the reliability of functional connectivity estimates. Here, we used test–retest reliability to characterize potential differences in spatial patterns between conventional, static GSR (sGSR) and a novel dynamic form of GSR (dGSR). In contrast with sGSR, dGSR models the global signal at a time delay to correct for blood arrival time. Thus, dGSR accounts for greater variation in global signal, removes blood‐flow‐related nuisance signal, and leaves higher quality neuronal signal remaining. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to estimate the reliability of functional connectivity in 462 healthy controls from the Human Connectome Project. We tested across two factors: denoising method used (control, sGSR, and dGSR), and interacquisition interval (between days, or within session while varying phase encoding direction). Reliability was estimated regionally to identify topographic patterns for each condition. sGSR and dGSR provided global reductions in reliability compared with the non‐GSR control. Test–retest reliability was highest in the frontoparietal and default mode regions, and lowest in sensorimotor cortex for all conditions. dGSR provides more effective denoising in regions where both strategies greatly reduce reliability. Both GSR methods substantially reduced test–retest reliability, which was most evident in brain regions that had low reliability prior to denoising. These findings suggest that reliability of interregional correlation is likely inflated by the global signal, which is thought to primarily reflect dynamic blood flow.
Efficacy of the lumbar sympathetic ganglion block in lower limb pain and its application prospects during the perioperative period
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Han , Deng Yan‐Ping , Geng Min‐Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sympathetic nervous system is involved in the physiological pathogenesis of many different types of chronic pain. Sympathetic blocks can interrupt the reflex control system by intercepting the noxious afferent fibers accompanying autonomic nerves, resulting in changes in peripheral or central sensory processing. A lumbar sympathetic ganglion block (LSGB), as a treatment method, refers to the injection of nerve blockers into the corresponding lumbar sympathetic nerve segments, usually requiring imaging assistance (CT, X‐ray, ultrasound) to guide. At present, LSGB has been widely used in the clinical treatment of lower limb pain, such as neuropathic pain, lower limb ischemic pain, and so on. Its mechanism of action may be through inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity and dilating blood vessels, thereby alleviating pain and inhibiting stress response. However, there are few reports of LSGB during the perioperative period, especially in postoperative pain and gastrointestinal function. Therefore, by studying the literature about LSGB‐related studies, this article reviews the anatomy of the lumbar sympathetic nerve (LSN), with its clinical application and possible mechanism. We reviewed the analgesic effect of LSGB in patients with lower limb pain and postoperative pain and the potential application prospects in the recovery of gastrointestinal function, finally providing a reference for its clinical application.
Proteomic signature for detection of high‐grade ovarian cancer in germline BRCA mutation carriers
Authors: Bahar‐Shany Keren , Barnabas Georgina D. , Deutsch Lisa , Deutsch Netanel , Glick‐Saar Efrat , Dominissini Dan , Sapoznik Stav , Helpman Limor , Perri Tamar , Blecher Anna , Katz Guy , Yagel Itai , Rosenblatt Orgad , Shai Daniel , Brandt Benny , Meyer Raanan , Mohr‐Sasson Aya , Volodarsky‐Perel Alexander , Zilberman Itamar , Armon Shunit , Jakobson‐Setton Ariella , Eitan Ram , Kadan Yfat , Beiner Mario , Josephy Dana , Brodsky Malka , Friedman Eitan , Anafi Liat , Molchanov Yossef , Korach Jacob , Geiger Tamar , Levanon Keren 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNo current screening methods for high‐grade ovarian cancer (HGOC) guarantee effective early detection for high‐risk women such as germline BRCA mutation carriers. Therefore, the standard‐of‐care remains risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) around age 40. Proximal liquid biopsy is a promising source of biomarkers, but sensitivity has not yet qualified for clinical implementation. We aimed to develop a proteomic assay based on proximal liquid biopsy, as a decision support tool for monitoring high‐risk population. Ninety Israeli BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers were included in the training set (17 HGOC patients and 73 asymptomatic women), (BEDOCA trial; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03150121). The proteome of the microvesicle fraction of the samples was profiled by mass spectrometry and a classifier was developed using logistic regression. An independent cohort of 98 BRCA mutation carriers was used for validation. Safety information was collected for all women who opted for uterine lavage in a clinic setting. We present a 7‐protein diagnostic signature, with AUC >0.97 and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% for detecting HGOC. The AUC of the biomarker in the independent validation set was >0.94 and the NPV >99%. The sampling procedure was clinically acceptable, with favorable pain scores and safety. We conclude that the acquisition of Müllerian tract proximal liquid biopsies in women at high‐risk for HGOC and the application of the BRCA‐specific diagnostic assay demonstrates high sensitivity, specificity, technical feasibility and safety. Similar classifier for an average‐risk population is warranted.
The Digital Engineering Competency Framework (DECF): Critical Skillsets to Support Digital Transformation
Authors: Hutchison Nicole , Tao Hoong Yan See 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIn the US, the Department of Defense (DoD) is engaging in major digital transformation efforts to modernize the defense workforce, particularly the engineering acquisition workforce to ensure that the workforce remains technically competent. This effort was kicked off with the publication of its Digital Engineering Strategy in 2018. Digital engineering is necessary to update and support systems engineering practices to maintain a competitive advantage in data analytics, data science, computation technology, modeling, and simulation. The DoD envisions successful digital engineering transformation through the modernization of the way the Department designs, develops, delivers, operates, maintains, and sustains systems. One of the key aspects of this transformation is developing a digital engineering competency model to develop and sustain the workforce. In 2019, the DoD tasked the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) with the creation of a “Digital Engineering Competency Framework (DECF)” as part of its critical digital transformation and workforce development modernization efforts. Though created in the context of the US DoD, the DECF is not intended to be a defense‐ or US‐centric and instead provides a foundation for any individual or organization looking to embark on digital transformation. This paper provides an overview of the DECF and its potential relationships with other competency frameworks.
For the Journey to Expertise in Systems Engineering, Enhance the Path with Shu Ha Ri
Authors: Robinson Fred Y. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper offers a perspective for considering enhancements to the current programs for developing systems engineering professionals, incorporating consideration for developing characteristics of expertise and mastery throughout. Shu Ha Ri represents an approach for three phases of mastery development, established in ancient practices such as some martial arts and mimicked in many current approaches: beginner > intermediate > advanced, apprentice > journeyman > master, bachelors > masters > doctorate.Anders Eriksson's research on expertise depicts three levels of progression, naïve practice > purposeful practice > deliberate practice, building on Bloom's earlier three phases of development. However, Eriksson's model is limited to domains where the demonstration of expertise can be characterized, is well understood, and is measurable or at least objectively evaluable by existing domain experts.Most systems engineering expert achievement certifications that exist are still relatively subjective or IKIWISI (I'll know it when I see it) evaluations by the subject's future peer experts. For a given population of experts in systems engineering, there is a shared thematic set of highly diverse experiential assessment characteristics which diverge in orthogonal dimensions from some of the earlier assessment levels.David Epstein suggests that the power of generalists comes to play more when experts address wicked problems (those lacking a pre‐ordained approach for solving) than when specialists address kind problems (the opposite). Kind problems are not necessarily easy to solve, but the route is well defined. Solving wicked problems without exemplar solutions often requires the generalist's leveraging of analogic thinking, and the recognition and possible synthesis of matchable patterns (isomorphisms) learned from diverse experience sampling of other domains, not merely relying on T‐shaped or Pi‐shaped knowledge.Using the Shu Ha Ri framing presents an opportunity to consider enhancements to earlier systems engineering practitioner development stages towards excelling beyond emergence and effectiveness.
A facile 3D bio‐fabrication of customized tubular scaffolds using solvent‐based extrusion printing for tissue‐engineered tracheal grafts
Authors: Kandi Rudranarayan , Sachdeva Kunj , Choudhury Saumitra Dey , Pandey Pulak Mohan , Mohanty Sujata 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTracheal implantation remains a major therapeutic challenge due to the unavailability of donors and the lack of biomimetic tubular grafts. Fabrication of biomimetic tracheal scaffolds of suitable materials with matched rigidity, enhanced flexibility and biocompatibility has been a major challenge in the field of tracheal reconstruction. In this study, customized tubular grafts made up of FDA‐approved polycaprolactone () and polyurethane () were fabricated using a novel solvent‐based extrusion 3D printing. The printed scaffolds were investigated by various physical, thermal, and mechanical characterizations such as contact angle measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), radial compression, longitudinal compression, and cyclic radial compression. In this study, the native goat trachea was used as a reference for the fabrication of different types of scaffolds (cylindrical, bellow‐shaped, and spiral‐shaped). The mechanical properties of the goat trachea were also compared to find suitable formulations of . Spiral‐shaped scaffolds were found to be an ideal shape based on longitudinal compression and torsion load maintaining clear patency. To check the long‐term implantation, in vitro degradation test was performed for all the 3D printed scaffolds and it was found that blending of with reduced the degradation behavior. The printed scaffolds were further evaluated for biocompatibility assay, live/dead assay, and cell adhesion assay using bone marrow‐derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). From biomechanical and biological assessments, of spiral‐shaped scaffolds could be a suitable candidate for the development of tracheal regenerative applications.