bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does number of rods matter? 4-, 5-, and 6-rods across a lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy: a finite element analysis
Authors: Shekouhi Niloufar , Vosoughi Ardalan S. , Goel Vijay K. , Theologis Alekos A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess biomechanics of a lumbar PSO stabilized with different multi-rod constructs (4-, 5-, 6-rods) using satellite and accessory rods.

Methods
A validated spinopelvic finite element model with a L3 PSO was used to evaluate the following constructs: 2 primary rods T10-pelvis (“Control”), two satellite rods (4-rod), two satellite rods + one accessory rod (5-rod), or two satellite rods + two accessory rods (6-rod). Data recorded included: ROM T10-S1 and L2-L4, von Mises stresses on primary, satellite, and accessory rods, factor of safety yield stress, and force across the PSO surfaces. Percent differences relative to Control were calculated.

Results
Compared to Control, 4-rods increased PSO flexion and extension. Lower PSO ROMs were observed for 5- and 6-rods compared to 4-rods. However, 4-rod (348.6 N) and 5-rod (343.2 N) showed higher PSO forces than 2-rods (336 N) and 6-rods had lower PSO forces (324.2 N). 5- and 6-rods led to the lowest rod von Mises stresses across the PSO. 6-rod had the maximum factor of safety on the primary rods.

Conclusions
In this finite element analysis, 4-rods reduced stresses on primary rods across a lumbar PSO. Although increased rigidity afforded by 5- and 6-rods decreased rod stresses, it resulted in less load transfer to the anterior vertebral column (particularly for 6-rod), which may not be favorable for the healing of the anterior column. A balance between the construct’s rigidity and anterior load sharing is essential.
An empirical analysis of the relationship between nature of science and critical thinking through science definitions and thinking skills
Authors: Manassero-Mas María Antonia , Vázquez-Alonso Ángel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCritical thinking (CRT) skills transversally pervade education and nature of science (NOS) knowledge is a key component of science literacy. Some science education researchers advocate that CRT skills and NOS knowledge have a mutual impact and relationship. However, few research studies have undertaken the empirical confirmation of this relationship and most fail to match the two terms of the relationship adequately. This paper aims to test the relationship by applying correlation, regression and ANOVA procedures to the students’ answers to two tests that measure thinking skills and science definitions. The results partly confirm the hypothesised relationship, which displays some complex features: on the one hand, the relationship is positive and significant for the NOS variables that express adequate ideas about science. However, it is non-significant when the NOS variables depict misinformed ideas about science. Furthermore, the comparison of the two student cohorts reveals that two years of science instruction do not seem to contribute to advancing students’ NOS conceptions. Finally, some interpretations and consequences of these results for scientific literacy, teaching NOS (paying attention both to informed and misinformed ideas), for connecting NOS with general epistemic knowledge, and assessing CRT skills are discussed.
Lessons for science and technology policy? Probing the Linkedin network of an RDI organisation
Authors: Sachini Evi , Sioumalas-⁠ Christodoulou Konstantinos , Bouras Nikias , Karampekios Nikolaos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we seek to examine the network of the Greek National Documentation Centre (EKT) as formed by its LinkedIn followers. By applying specific data collection and processing techniques, we explore the network of all the individuals that follow EKT’s LinkedIn page. Significant manual and automatic approaches have been implemented with regard to data extraction, data curation and data homogenization. The aim is to identify the network’s advancement over time, the institutions involved and the countries. The timeframe of the study spans from when the relevant LinkedIn page was constructed in 2015 to 2020. Findings indicate that there is a steady increase in the number of new followers, peaking in 2020. On an international scale, the evolution of the network of followers is imprinted and distributed in worldwide maps. In total, 68 countries have followed EKT over the examined time period. Also, in terms of followers’ institutional sector the Business Sector (BES) stands out (46.5%). Higher Education (HES) and Government Sector (GOV) are associated with 26.4 and 22.2% of the followers, respectively. Lastly, this paper provides a first institutional and country-level mapping of who constitutes the organisation’s interlocutors in the national and global RDI ecosystem.
HOTAIR gene polymorphisms and risk of glioma in Chinese children
Authors: Lin Lei , Chen Yong-Ping , Liao Yuxiang , Yuan Li , Huang Xiao-Kai , Ruan Ji-Chen , Li Meng , Lin Hui-Ran , Miao Lei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Hox transcription antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) has been shown to promote cancers. However, the role of genetic variation of HOTAIR gene on glioma susceptibility has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to evaluate whether HOTAIR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with susceptibility to glioma.

Methods
The trial included a total of 171 glioma patients and 228 non-glioma controls from Chinese children. Genotyping of HOTAIR gene was evaluated by TaqMan. The strength of the association between HOTAIR gene polymorphism (rs920778 A > G, rs4759314 A > G, rs1899663 C > A) and glioma susceptibility was assessed using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Stratified analysis was further conducted.

Results
Of the three SNPs analyzed, the rs920778 variant and the rs1899663 variant were associated with increased glioma susceptibility. In addition, the combination of two risk genotypes (OR = 1.63, P = 0.028) and one to three risk genotypes (OR = 1.58, P = 0.027) showed a significantly higher increase in glioma susceptibility than zero risk genotypes. These two SNPs (rs920778 A > G, rs1899663 C > A) were significantly associated with increased glioma susceptibility in certain subgroups in stratified analysis. Similar results were found in stratified analyses for one to three risk genotypes compared with zero risk genotypes. Splice quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) indicated rs920778 A > G and rs1899663 C > A are associated with splicing events in certain genes (HOTAIR, HOXC5, HOXC10, HOXC6, and HOXC4).

Conclusion
Overall, our results suggest that some HOTAIR SNPs are associated with increased glioma susceptibility.
Rethinking ‘Jurisdiction’ in International Human Rights Law in Rescue Operations at Sea in the Light of AS and Others v Italy and AS and Others v Malta: A New Right to be Rescued at Sea?
Authors: Dimitrova Silvia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn January 2021 the Human Rights Committee determined that Italy and Malta had both failed to protect the right to life of more than 200 migrants who perished in a shipwreck in 2013. The Committee tackled for the first time the question of extraterritorial application of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to persons in distress at sea. While finding the decision against Malta to be inadmissible, the Committee engaged in a significant analysis of the concept of jurisdiction in both decisions. This article analyses how the decisions interpret the concept of ‘jurisdiction’ and juxtaposes this analysis against the approaches taken in other international legal regimes. The article then theorises on the impact of these two decisions in helping to crystallise a new ‘right to be rescued at sea’.
CBT treatment delivery formats for panic disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Papola Davide , Ostuzzi Giovanni , Tedeschi Federico , Gastaldon Chiara , Purgato Marianna , Del Giovane Cinzia , Pompoli Alessandro , Pauley Darin , Karyotaki Eirini , Sijbrandij Marit , Furukawa Toshi A. , Cuijpers Pim , Barbui Corrado 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral in-person and remote delivery formats of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for panic disorder are available, but up-to-date and comprehensive evidence on their comparative efficacy and acceptability is lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the comparative efficacy and acceptability of all CBT delivery formats to treat panic disorder. To answer our question we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL, from inception to 1st January 2022. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Confidence in the evidence was assessed using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA). The protocol was published in a peer-reviewed journal and in PROSPERO. We found a total of 74 trials with 6699 participants. Evidence suggests that face-to-face group [standardised mean differences (s.m.d.) −0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.87 to −0.07; CINeMA = moderate], face-to-face individual (s.m.d. −0.43, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.15; CINeMA = Moderate), and guided self-help (SMD −0.42, 95% CI −0.77 to −0.07; CINeMA = low), are superior to treatment as usual in terms of efficacy, whilst unguided self-help is not (SMD −0.21, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.16; CINeMA = low). In terms of acceptability (i.e. all-cause discontinuation from the trial) CBT delivery formats did not differ significantly from each other. Our findings are clear in that there are no efficacy differences between CBT delivered as guided self-help, or in the face-to-face individual or group format in the treatment of panic disorder. No CBT delivery format provided high confidence in the evidence at the CINeMA evaluation.
Global Three‐Dimensional Draping of Magnetic Field Lines in Earth’s Magnetosheath From In‐Situ Spacecraft Measurements
Authors: Michotte de Welle B. , Aunai N. , Nguyen G. , Lavraud B. , Génot V. , Jeandet A. , Smets R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMagnetic field draping occurs when the magnetic field lines frozen in a plasma flow wrap around a body or plasma environment. The draping of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) around the Earth’s magnetosphere has been confirmed in the early days of space exploration. However, its global and three‐dimensional structure is known from modeling only, mostly numerical. Here, this structure in the dayside of the Earth’s magnetosheath is determined as a function of the upstream IMF orientation purely from in‐situ spacecraft observations. We show the draping structure can be organized in three regimes depending on how radial the upstream IMF is. Quantitative analysis demonstrates how the draping pattern results from the magnetic field being frozen in the magnetosheath flow, deflected around the magnetopause. The role of the flow is emphasized by a comparison of the draping structure to that predicted to a magnetostatic draping.
Composition and Evolution of Continental Crust at Orogenic Belts: Constraints From a 3‐D Crustal Model of Southeast China
Authors: Sun Yao , Gao Ruohan , Li Zhiwei , Wang Andong , Han Ran , Xi Yufei , Liu Jingao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe chemical composition of continental crust is fundamental and crucial to understanding its origin and evolution. Orogenic belts make up about 30% of the global continental crust, yet their chemical compositions are still poorly constrained. In this study, we report an overall estimate for the continental crust composition of a collisional orogenic belt terrane: the Southeast China. The estimate is obtained through a 3‐D crustal model combining a lithology proportion model and probability density function models for element concentrations of various lithologies. Based on our model, the Southeast China crust is amongst one of the most evolved continental crust composition estimates (71.0% SiO2 content for the upper crust and 64.7% SiO2 for the bulk crust). A strong correlation between SiO2 and the chemical index of alteration (CIA) of different composition models for upper continental crust (UCC) indicates that chemical weathering is a controlling factor for the development of a felsic UCC. In contrast, weak correlations of SiO2 with Ninorm (15.9*Ni/Al2O3) and CIA suggest that igneous differentiation and chemical weathering act together to modify the composition of the bulk continental crust. Orogenic belt terranes like the Southeast China can develop a highly evolved crustal composition, especially for the upper crust, due to extensive intracrustal reworking and differentiation, enhanced chemical weathering, and potential subsequent delamination and removal of thickened crust root. Therefore, an overall estimation of the average composition of continental crust should take into account the more evolved composition of orogenic belts.
Iron Reduction Controls Carbon Mineralization in Aquaculture Shrimp Pond Sediments in Subtropical Estuaries
Authors: Tan Ji , Luo Min , Tan Fengfeng , Lichtfouse Eric , Zhang Changwei , Chen Xin , Huang Jiafang , Tan Yang , Xiao Leilei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExpanding worldwide aquaculture has greatly increased greenhouse gas emissions; however, the underlying microbial mechanisms are poorly understood. In particular, the role of ferric iron [Fe(III)] (hydro)oxides in carbon mineralization in aquaculture pond sediments remains unclear. Here, we studied the rates of microbial Fe(III) reduction, sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, and carbon mineralization in aquaculture shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds of various salinities before, during, and after shrimp farming in subtropical estuaries in southeast China. Sediment samples (0–10 cm) were collected to investigate the content of iron species, characteristics of organic matter, and abundance of Geobacter, a proxy of iron reducers. Overall, Fe(III) reduction (46.1% ± 19.1%) dominated carbon mineralization, followed by sulfate reduction (39.6% ± 16.8%) and methanogenesis (1.5% ± 1.1%). Microbial Fe(III) reduction contributed more to carbon mineralization during farming than before and after farming. This enhancement in Fe(III) reduction is attributed to a significant increase in Fe(III) content during farming. Additionally, the contributions of microbial Fe(III) reduction to carbon mineralization were lower in the high‐salinity ponds than in the low‐salinity ponds due to the suppression of sulfate reduction, abiotic Fe(III) reduction by sulfides, and lower oxidation‐reduction potential. Our findings demonstrate that microbial Fe(III) reduction plays a significant role in carbon mineralization in aquaculture pond sediments. Future carbon flux prediction models of aquaculture pond systems should fully integrate microbial Fe(III) reduction.
Targeting CRL4 suppresses chemoresistant ovarian cancer growth by inducing mitophagy
Authors: Meng Yang , Qiu Lei , Zeng Xinyi , Hu Xiaoyan , Zhang Yaguang , Wan Xiaowen , Mao Xiaobing , Wu Jian , Xu Yongfeng , Xiong Qunli , Chen Zhixin , Zhang Bo , Han Junhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChemoresistance has long been the bottleneck of ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis. It has been shown that mitochondria play a crucial role in cell response to chemotherapy and that dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics is intricately linked with diseases like OC, but the underlying mechanisms remain equivocal. Here, we demonstrate a new mechanism where CRL4CUL4A/DDB1 manipulates OC cell chemoresistance by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. CRL4CUL4A/DDB1 depletion enhanced mitochondrial fission by upregulating AMPKαThr172 and MFFSer172/Ser146 phosphorylation, which in turn recruited DRP1 to mitochondria. CRL4CUL4A/DDB1 loss stimulated mitophagy through the Parkin-PINK1 pathway to degrade the dysfunctional and fragmented mitochondria. Importantly, CRL4CUL4A/DDB1 loss inhibited OC cell proliferation, whereas inhibiting autophagy partially reversed this disruption. Our findings provide novel insight into the multifaceted function of the CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex in regulating mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, and OC chemoresistance. Disruption of CRL4CUL4A/DDB1 and mitophagy may be a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in OC.
Mismatch repair markers in preoperative and operative endometrial cancer samples; expression concordance and prognostic value
Authors: Berg Hege F. , Engerud Hilde , Myrvold Madeleine , Lien Hilde E. , Hjelmeland Marta Espevold , Halle Mari K. , Woie Kathrine , Hoivik Erling A. , Haldorsen Ingfrid S. , Vintermyr Olav , Trovik Jone , Krakstad Camilla 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The endometrial cancer mismatch repair (MMR) deficient subgroup is defined by loss of MSH6, MSH2, PMS2 or MLH1. We compare MMR status in paired preoperative and operative samples and investigate the prognostic impact of differential MMR protein expression levels.

Methods
Tumour lesions from 1058 endometrial cancer patients were immunohistochemically stained for MSH6, MSH2, PMS2 and MLH1. MMR protein expression was evaluated as loss or intact to determine MMR status, or by staining index to evaluate the prognostic potential of differential expression. Gene expression data from a local (n = 235) and the TCGA (n = 524) endometrial cancer cohorts was used for validation.

Results
We identified a substantial agreement in MMR status between paired curettage and hysterectomy samples. Individual high expression of all four MMR markers associated with non-endometrioid subtype, and high MSH6 or MSH2 strongly associated with several aggressive disease characteristics including high tumour grade and FIGO stage, and for MSH6, with lymph node metastasis. In multivariate Cox analysis, MSH6 remained an independent prognostic marker, also within the endometrioid low-grade subgroup (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
We demonstrate that in addition to determine MMR status, MMR protein expression levels, particularly MSH6, may add prognostic information in endometrial cancer.
All-trans retinoic acid enhances the cytotoxic effect of decitabine on myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia by activating the RARα-Nrf2 complex
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Qi , Ye Li , Ye Xingnong , Yang Wenli , Zhang Hua , Zhou Xinping , Ren Yanling , Ma Liya , Zhang Xiang , Mei Chen , Xu Gaixiang , Li Kongfei , Luo Yingwan , Jiang Lingxu , Lin Peipei , Zhu Shuanghong , Lang Wei , Wang Yuxia , Shen Chuying , Han Yueyuan , Liu Xiaozhen , Yang Haiyang , Lu Chenxi , Sun Jie , Jin Jie , Tong Hongyan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Decitabine (DAC) is used as the first-line therapy in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR-MDS) and elderly acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy. However, the clinical outcomes of patients treated with DAC as a monotherapy are far from satisfactory. Adding all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to DAC reportedly benefitted MDS and elderly AML patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and need further explorations from laboratory experiments.

Methods
We used MDS and AML cell lines and primary cells to evaluate the combined effects of DAC and ATRA as well as the underlying mechanisms. We used the MOLM-13-luciferase murine xenograft model to verify the enhanced cytotoxic effect of the drug combination.

Results
The combination treatment reduced the viability of MDS/AML cells in vitro, delayed leukaemia progress, and extended survival in murine xenograft models compared to non- and mono-drug treated models. DAC application as a single agent induced Nrf2 activation and downstream antioxidative response, and restrained reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thus leading to DAC resistance. The addition of ATRA blocked Nrf2 activation by activating the RARα-Nrf2 complex, leading to ROS accumulation and ROS-dependent cytotoxicity.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that combining DAC and ATRA has potential for the clinical treatment of HR-MDS/AML and merits further exploration.
Cancer-derived exosomal miR-197-3p confers angiogenesis via targeting TIMP2/3 in lung adenocarcinoma metastasis
Authors: Chang Rui-Min , Fu Yao , Zeng Jun , Zhu Xiao-Yan , Gao Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCancer-derived exosomal miRNAs are implicated in tumorigenesis and development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The objective of this study is to unravel the biological function of exosomal miR-197-3p in LUAD metastasis. qRT-PCR showed that elevated miR-197-3p in LUAD tissues was positively correlated with LUAD metastasis. CCK-8, tube formation, transwell and wound healing assays revealed that exosomal miR-197-3p from LUAD cells promoted the proliferation, angiogenesis and migration of HUVECs in vitro. LUAD cells-derived exosomal miR-197-3p also facilitated tumor growth and angiogenesis in LUAD cells-derived tumor xenograft model. TIMP2 and TIMP3 were identified as target genes of miR-197-3p in HUVECs by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Functional studies illustrated that exosomal miR-197-3p promoted angiogenesis and migration via targeting TIMP2 and TIMP3 in HUVECs. In vivo data further supported that exosomal miR-197-3p promoted lung metastasis via TIMP2/3-mediated angiogenesis. In conclusion, LUAD cells-derived exosomal miR-197-3p conferred angiogenesis via targeting TIMP2/3 in LUAD metastasis.
Lysosomal cathepsins act in concert with Gasdermin-D during NAIP/NLRC4-dependent IL-1β secretion
Authors: Branco Laura Migliari , Amaral Marcelo Pires , Boekhoff Henning , de Lima Ana Beatriz Figueiredo , Farias Ingrid Sancho , Lage Silvia Lucena , Pereira Gustavo José Silva , Franklin Bernardo Simões , Bortoluci Karina Ramalho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome is classically associated with the detection of bacterial invasion to the cytosol. However, recent studies have demonstrated that NAIP/NLRC4 is also activated in non-bacterial infections, and in sterile inflammation. Moreover, in addition to the well-established model for the detection of bacterial proteins by NAIP proteins, the participation of other cytosolic pathways in the regulation of NAIP/NLRC4-mediated responses has been reported in distinct contexts. Using pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion, we demonstrate here that cathepsins, well known for their involvement in NLRP3 activation, also regulate NAIP/NLRC4 responses to cytosolic flagellin in murine and human macrophages. In contrast to that observed for NLRP3 agonists, cathepsins inhibition did not reduce ASC speck formation or caspase-1 maturation in response to flagellin, ruling out their participation in the effector phase of NAIP/NLRC4 activation. Moreover, cathepsins had no impact on NF-κB-mediated priming of pro-IL-1β, thus suggesting these proteases act downstream of the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome activation. IL-1β levels secreted in response to flagellin were reduced in the absence of either cathepsins or Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), a molecule involved in the induction of pyroptosis and cytokines release. Notably, IL-1β secretion was abrogated in the absence of both GSDMD and cathepsins, demonstrating their non-redundant roles for the optimal IL-1β release in response to cytosolic flagellin. Given the central role of NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes in controlling infection and, also, induction of inflammatory pathologies, many efforts have been made to uncover novel molecules involved in their regulation. Thus, our findings bring together a relevant contribution by describing the role of cathepsins as players in the NAIP/NLRC4-mediated responses.