bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deacetylepoxyazadiradione Derived from Epoxyazadiradione of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Fruits Mitigates LPS‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Murugan Raghul , Rajesh Ravi , Guru Ajay , Haridevamuthu B. , Almutairi Bader O. , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Juliet Annie , Renganayagi S. , Gopinath Pushparathinam , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by cell metabolism have a duplex role in oxidation and inflammation reactions which involve cell damage or repair responses. Excess ROS production has detrimental effects on the survival of cells. We examined the protective effect of a semi‐natural compound NF2 (deacetylepoxyazadiradione), for its protective activity against free radical‐mediated stress and inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using zebrafish larvae. Preliminary antioxidant assays indicated an increase in scavenging of free radicals from NF2 than NF1 (Epoxyazadiradione) in a concentration‐dependent manner. Cell cytotoxicity was determined using rat myoblast cell lines (L6), and more than 95 % of cell viability was obtained. Zebrafish developmental toxicity test indicated that NF2 is not toxic even at 150 μM. The percentage of ROS, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and apoptosis were reduced significantly in NF2 treated LPS‐stressed zebrafish larvae. The reduced number of employed macrophages on NF2 treatment was observed in neutral red dye‐marked macrophage localization images. Relative expression of antioxidant genes in zebrafish larvae after treatment with NF2 is significantly increased. The RT‐PCR quantification of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory gene expression indicated decreased relative folds of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and increased relative folds of mitochondrial antioxidant genes (GR, GST and GPx) in LPS stressed zebrafish larvae after treatment with NF2. From the overall obtained results, it can be concluded that NF2 reduced the oxidative stress and inflammatory response by scavenging free radicals caused by LPS.
Native Mass Spectrometry‐Guided Screening Identifies Hit Fragments for HOP‐HSP90 PPI Inhibition**
Authors: Vaaltyn Michaelone C. , Mateos‐Jimenez Maria , Müller Ronel , Mackay C. Logan , Edkins Adrienne L. , Clarke David J. , Veale Clinton G. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContemporary medicinal chemistry considers fragment‐based drug discovery (FBDD) and inhibition of protein‐protein interactions (PPI) as important means of expanding the volume of druggable chemical space. However, the ability to robustly identify valid fragments and PPI inhibitors is an enormous challenge, requiring the application of sensitive biophysical methodology. Accordingly, in this study, we exploited the speed and sensitivity of nanoelectrospray (nano‐ESI) native mass spectrometry to identify a small collection of fragments which bind to the TPR2AB domain of HOP. Follow‐up biophysical assessment of a small selection of binding fragments confirmed binding to the single TPR2A domain, and that this binding translated into PPI inhibitory activity between TPR2A and the HSP90 C‐terminal domain. An in‐silico assessment of binding fragments at the PPI interfacial region, provided valuable structural insight for future fragment elaboration strategies, including the identification of losartan as a weak, albeit dose‐dependent inhibitor of the target PPI.
Structure Activity Relationship of the Stem Peptide in Sortase A Mediated Ligation from Staphylococcus aureus**
Authors: Apostolos Alexis J. , Kelly Joey J. , Ongwae George M. , Pires Marcos M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe surfaces of most Gram‐positive bacterial cells, including that of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), are heavily decorated with proteins that coordinate cellular interactions with the extracellular space. In S. aureus, sortase A is the principal enzyme responsible for covalently anchoring proteins, which display the sorting signal LPXTG, onto the peptidoglycan (PG) matrix. Considerable efforts have been made to understand the role of this signal peptide in the sortase‐mediated reaction. In contrast, much less is known about how the primary structure of the other substrate involved in the reaction (PG stem peptide) could impact sortase activity. To assess the sortase activity, a library of synthetic analogs of the stem peptide that mimic naturally existing variations found in the S. aureus PG primary sequence were evaluated. Using a combination of two unique assays, we showed that there is broad tolerability of substrate variations that are effectively processed by sortase A. While some of these stem peptide derivatives are naturally found in mature PG, they are not known to be present in the PG precursor, lipid II. These results suggest that sortase A could process both lipid II and mature PG as acyl‐acceptor strands that might reside near the membrane, which has not been previously described.
Cardiorenal syndrome type I recovery following heart rate correction: Cardiac output is not only stroke volume
Authors: Maadarani Ossama , Bitar Zouheir , Zaalouk Tamer , Hanna Boutros , Elhabibi Mohamad , Aldaher Moataz , Hajjia Adnan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBradyarrhymias can result in low cardiac output state despite having a normal left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume. Because cardiac output is defined as the product of heart rate and stroke volume, a low cardiac output state caused by bradyarrhythmias may result in type I cardiorenal syndrome.
Mitral valve plasty in a patient with multiple cerebral cavernous malformations: A case report
Authors: Yamashita Shigeyuki , Nagao Kanetsugu , Doi Toshio , Yokoyama Shigeki , Yamashita Akio , Fukahara Kazuaki , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are blood vessel malformations, often untreated if asymptomatic. However, upon cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, cerebral edema/hemorrhage may occur. We successful performed mitral valve plasty for a case of severe mitral regurgitation with multiple CCMs. Preoperative head magnetic resonance imaging and strict perioperative management are important.
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Lignin into Phenolics by Internal Hydrogen over Ru Catalyst
Authors: Hossain Md. Anwar , Saelee Tinnakorn , Tulaphol Sarttrawut , Rahaman Mohammad Shahinur , Phung Thanh Khoa , Maihom Thana , Praserthdam Piyasan , Praserthdam Supareak , Yelle Daniel J. , Sathitsuksanoh Noppadon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLignin is a by‐product of biorefineries and pulp and paper manufacturers. Lignin is a renewable source of phenolic precursors for fuels and chemicals. Hydrogenolysis of lignin cleaves the abundant β‐O‐4 bonds and releases phenolics. However, selective hydrogenolysis of lignin's β‐O‐4 bonds is challenging because it requires high‐pressure H2. Here we show efficient hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds and technical lignin by Ru/C catalyst and internal hydrogen. The aliphatic hydroxyl groups (Cα−OH) in lignin enabled Ru‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of internal hydrogen and the formation of reactive keto intermediate, which facilitated the β‐O‐4 cleavage into phenolic monomers. Furthermore, solvents that had a high donor number (Lewis basicity) enhanced the yield of phenolic monomers, equal to 27.9 wt.% from technical lignin. These findings offer a novel approach for biorefineries to design lignin isolation processes and/or solvent systems to maximize phenolic monomers and to control product selectivity/stability.
Defect‐Decorated NiFe Bimetallic Nanocatalysts for the Enhanced Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol
Authors: Zhang Yaowen , Wang Wenyun , Fan Guoli , Yang Lan , Li Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeries of Ni‐based nanocatalysts were fabricated for the HDO of lignin‐derived guaiacol to cyclohexane via a single‐source Ni−Fe−Al layered double hydroxide precursor route and characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, XAS, XPS, H2‐TPR, H2‐TPD, NH3‐TPD, and pyridine absorbedin situFT‐IR. As‐fabricated bimetallic NiFe nanocatalyst bearing a Fe/Ni molar ratio of 0.5 : 3 attained a higher cyclohexane yield of 70.5 % under mild reaction conditions (i. e., 230 °C and 1.0 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure), compared to monometallic Ni and other NiFe bimetallic nanocatalysts, as well as monometallic Ni and bimetallic NiFe catalysts prepared by the impregnation method. Combination of experimental results and density functional theory calculations manifested that interfacial FeOxspecies profoundly facilitated the demethoxylation processes of guaiacol and 2‐methoxycyclohexanol intermediate, while both bimetallic NiFe sites and interfacial FeOxspecies greatly promoted the dehydroxylation of cyclohexanol intermediate.
“Activated Borane” – A Porous Borane Cluster Network as an Effective Adsorbent for Removing Organic Pollutants
Authors: Bůžek Daniel , Škoch Karel , Ondrušová Soňa , Kloda Matouš , Bavol Dmytro , Mahun Andrii , Kobera Libor , Lang Kamil , Londesborough Michael G. S. , Demel Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented co‐thermolysis of decaborane(14) (nido‐B10H14) and toluene results in a novel porous material (that we have named “activated borane”) containing micropores between 1.0 and 1.5 nm in diameter and a specific surface area of 774 m2 g−1 (Ar, 87 K) that is thermally stable up to 1000 °C. Solid state 1H, 11B and 13C MAS NMR, UV‐vis and IR spectroscopies suggest an amorphous structure of borane clusters interconnected by toluene moieties in a ratio of about three toluene molecules for every borane cluster. In addition, the structure contains Lewis‐acidic tri‐coordinated boron sites giving it some unique properties. Activated borane displays high sorption capacity for pollutants such as sulfamethoxazole, tramadol, diclofenac and bisphenol A that exceed the capacity of commercially‐available activated carbon. The consistency in properties for each batch made, and the ease of its synthesis, make activated borane a promising porous material worthy of broad attention.
C−H Activation of Inert Arenes using a Photochemically Activated Guanidinato‐Magnesium(I) Compound
Authors: Mullins Jeremy C. , Yuvaraj K. , Jiang Yixiao , Van Trieste Gerard P. , Maity Asim , Powers David C. , Jones Cameron 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUV irradiation of solutions of a guanidinate coordinated dimagnesium(I) compound, [{(Priso)Mg}2]3(Priso=[(DipN)2CNPri2]−, Dip=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl), in either benzene, toluene, the three isomers of xylene, or mesitylene, leads to facile activation of an aromatic C−H bond of the solvent in all cases, and formation of aryl/hydride bridged magnesium(II) products, [{(Priso)Mg}2(μ‐H)(μ‐Ar)]4–9. In contrast to similar reactions reported for β‐diketiminate coordinated counterparts of3, these C−H activations proceed with little regioselectivity, though they are considerably faster. Reaction of3with an excess of the pyridine,p‐NC5H4But(pyBut), gave [(Priso)Mg(pyButH)(pyBut)2]10, presumably via reduction of the pyridine to yield a radical intermediate, [(Priso)Mg(pyBut⋅)(pyBut)2]11, which then abstracts a proton from the reaction solvent or a reactant. DFT calculations suggest two possible pathways to the observed arene C−H activations. One of these involves photochemical cleavage of the Mg−Mg bond of3, generating magnesium(I) doublet radicals, (Priso)Mg⋅. These then doubly reduce the arene substrate to give “Birch‐like” products, which subsequently rearrange via C−H activation of the arene. Circumstantial evidence for the photochemical generation of transient magnesium radical species includes the fact that irradiation of a cyclohexane solution of3leads to an intramolecular aliphatic C−H activation process and formation of an alkyl‐bridged magnesium(II) species, [{Mg(μ‐Priso−H)}2]12. Furthermore, irradiation of a 1 : 1 mixture of3and the β‐diketiminato dimagnesium(I) compound, [{(DipNacnac)Mg}2] (DipNacnac=[HC(MeCNDip)2]−), effects a “scrambling” reaction, and the near quantitative formation of an unsymmetrical dimagnesium(I) compound, [(Priso)Mg−Mg(DipNacnac)]13. Finally, the EPR spectrum (77 K) of a glassed solution of UV irradiated3is dominated by a broad featureless signal, indicating the presence of a doublet radical species.
Persistent varicella zoster virus infection following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination was associated with the presence of encoded spike protein in the lesion
Authors: Yamamoto Mayuko , Kase Misaki , Sano Hozumi , Kamijima Reiko , Sano Shigetoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the campaign of vaccination against COVID‐19 was started, a wide variety of cutaneous adverse effects after vaccination has been documented worldwide. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation was reportedly the most frequent cutaneous reaction in men after administration of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines, especially BNT162b2.AimsA patient, who had persistent skin lesions after BNT162b2 vaccination for such a long duration over 3 months, was investigated for VZV virus and any involvement of vaccine‐derived spike protein.Materials & MethodsImmunohistochemistry for detection of VZV virus and the spike protein encoded by mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine. PCR analysis for VZV virus.ResultsThe diagnosis of VZV infection was made for these lesions using PCR analyses and immunohistochemistry. Strikingly, the vaccine‐encoded spike protein of the COVID‐19 virus was expressed in the vesicular keratinocytes and endothelial cells in the dermis.DiscussionmRNA COVID‐19 vaccination might induce persistent VZV reactivation through perturbing the immune system, although it remained elusive whether the expressed spike protein played a pathogenic role.ConclusionWe presented a case of persistent VZV infection following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination and the presence of spike protein in the affected skin. Further vigilance of the vaccine side effect and investigation for the role of SP is warranted.
A non‐cross‐linked CO2 foam fracturing fluid with low friction
Authors: Sun Wenan , Zhao Zhongcong , Xiong Junjie , Rong Yujian , Bao Jin , Liu Baolei , Chen Zhihao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydrophobic associating polymer (MXN‐1) was used as a foam stabilizer with optimized supporting additives to solve the problem of high friction in foam fracturing fluid. The basic formula was 0.3% MXN‐1 + 0.08% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) + 0.3% B‐14 + 1% potassium chloride (KCl) + 0.03% ammonium persulphate (APS). The friction reduction, sand‐carrying capacity, gel‐breaking performance, and core damage of the fracturing fluid system were studied. The results showed that the proposed system had a unique friction reduction advantage compared with the cross‐linked guar gum foam fracturing fluid, and the friction reduction percent reached 62% at a high flow rate. The surface tension of the gel breaking solution was lower than 25 mN/m, and the residue content was about 7 mg/L.
SiO2‐Supported Ni(II) and Fe(II) Catalysts Bearing Sodium‐Sulfonate Group for Olefin Polymerization†
Authors: Sun Yao , Wang Quan , Pan Yao , Pang Wenmin , Zou Chen , Chen Min 
Published: August 2022

Comprehensive SummaryHeterogeneous catalysts have been dominant for industrial polyolefin production, offering many distinct advantages, such as controlling the morphology of the polymer and preventing reactor fouling. In this contribution, we designed several types of imine ligands bearing sodium‐sulfonate ionic groups and the corresponding nickel/iron catalysts. These catalysts could be immobilized on SiO2 with strong affinity and high catalyst loadings. The SiO2‐supported catalysts behaved better than their homogeneous counterparts during ethylene polymerization with extremely high activity (2.6 × 104 kg·mol−1·h−1) and high thermal stability. In addition, the supported nickel catalysts generated free‐flowing polyethylene with high molecular weight (Mn up to 2.65 × 103 kg·mol–1) and excellent morphology control, indicating no reactor fouling due to the leaching of catalyst. Moreover, for copolymerization, immobilized nickel catalysts showed a higher tolerance of polar monomers, and the efficient copolymerization of ethylene with undecylenic acid was achieved with high activity (450 kg·mol−1·h−1) and a high incorporation ratio (up to 12.3%).
The health economic impact of cow's milk allergy in childhood: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cawood Abbie L. , Meyer R. , Grimshaw Kate E. , Sorensen Katy , Acosta‐Mena Dionisio , Stratton Rebecca J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies among children. Whilst avoidance of cow's milk protein is the cornerstone of management, further treatment of symptoms including those affecting the gastrointestinal, skin and respiratory systems plus other allergic comorbidities, maybe required. This study aimed to quantify the wider economic impact of CMA and its management in the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective matched cohort study on children with CMA (diagnosis read code and/or hypoallergenic formula prescription for ≥3 months) examining healthcare data (medication prescriptions and healthcare professional contacts) from case records within The Health Improvement Network (A Cegedim Proprietary Database) in the UK. A comparative cost analysis was calculated based on healthcare tariff and unit costs in the UK.Results6998 children (54% male; mean observation period 4.2 years) were included (n = 3499 with CMA, mean age at diagnosis 4.04 months; n = 3499 matched controls without CMA). Compared to those without CMA, medications were prescribed to significantly more children with CMA (p < 0.001) at a higher rate (p < 0.001). Children with CMA also required significantly more healthcare contacts (p < 0.001) at higher rate (p < 0.001) compared to those without CMA. CMA was associated with additional potential healthcare costs of £1381.53 per person per year.ConclusionThe findings of this large cohort study suggest that CMA and its associated co‐morbidities presents a significant additional healthcare burden with economic impact due to higher prescribing of additional medications. Further research into management approaches that may impact these clinical and economic outcomes of CMA is warranted.
Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Study of Eldecalcitol Soft Capsules in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Li Ting , Sun Feifei , Liu Yanping , Su Lingping , Shi Ping , Li Xin , Liu Shuqin , Wang Chenjing , Shen Linjing , Cao Yu , Wang Shumin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEldecalcitol is a novel active vitamin D3 1,25(OH)2D3 derivative used in the treatment of osteoporosis. To investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalent profiles of two eldecalcitol soft capsule formulations at a single dose of 0.75 µg in healthy Chinese volunteers, we conducted a randomized single‐dose, open‐label, two‐period crossover study under fasting and fed conditions. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned to receive reference eldecalcitol soft capsules or test capsules in the first treatment period and to receive another formulation in the second period. Serial blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Adverse events were recorded. In total, 28 healthy subjects were enrolled in the fasting trial and 30 subjects were enrolled in the fed trial. The geometric mean ratios of the test formulation to the reference formulation for Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ were 94.2%, 94.0%, and 103.3%, respectively, under fasting conditions and 100.1%, 97.3%, and 96.0%, respectively, under fed conditions. No severe adverse events were observed. The results showed that the test and reference eldecalcitol formulations were bioequivalent and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions.
Solar Hydrogen Generation over Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst Promoted by Water‐Soluble Carbon Dots
Authors: Wang Zhongyi , Pei Guang Xian , Qi Haifeng , Zhang Shengxin , Liu Chengcheng , Li Zhen , Han Keli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolar hydrogen generation from water is one of the promising routes to alleviate the current environmental and energy issues. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has emerged as a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution using visible light while withstanding harsh chemical environments. However, the high occurrence of trapped unreactive charges seriously affects the catalytic performance of g‐C3N4 in photocatalysis applications. Herein, we show that the addition of water‐soluble carbon dots (CDs) to the reaction solution will promote the relaxation of photogenerated electrons in g‐C3N4, thus effectively improving the photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution by two times (983.7 vs. 490.7 μmol ⋅ h−1 ⋅ g−1 for with and without CDs, respectively). The steady state properties of the reaction system are studied by ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) and photoluminescence (PL) excitation/emission spectroscopy, which show that the introduction of CDs enhances the visible light absorption of the reaction system. Furthermore, the charge trapping and detrapping processes in g‐C3N4 are further revealed by using time‐resolved photoluminescence (tr‐PL) spectroscopy. The correlation between charge transfer and photocatalytic activity provides new insights into the charge separation dynamics and activity of carbon‐based photocatalysts.
Exploring discordant low amyloid beta and high neocortical tau positron emission tomography cases
Authors: Krishnadas Natasha , Doré Vincent , Laws Simon M. , Porter Tenielle , Lamb Fiona , Bozinovski Svetlana , Villemagne Victor L , Rowe Christopher C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionNeocortical 3R4R (3‐repeat/4‐repeat) tau aggregates are rarely observed in the absence of amyloid beta (Aβ). 18F‐MK6240 binds specifically to the 3R4R form of tau that is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report four cases with negative Aβ, but positive tau positron emission tomography (PET) findings.MethodsAll Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study of aging (AIBL) study participants with Aβ (18F‐NAV4694) and tau (18F‐MK6240) PET scans were included. Centiloid <25 defined negative Aβ PET (Aβ–). The presence of neocortical tau was defined quantitatively and visually.ResultsAβ– PET was observed in 276 participants. Four of these participants (one cognitively unimpaired [CU], two mild cognitive impairment [MCI], one AD) had tau tracer retention in a pattern consistent with Braak tau stages V to VI. Fluid biomarkers supported a diagnosis of AD. In silico analysis of APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and MAPT genes did not identify relevant functional mutations.DiscussionDiscordant cases were infrequent (1.4% of all Aβ– participants). In these cases, the Aβ PET ligand may not be detecting the Aβ that is present.