bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Correlates of Tobacco Use in Young People Presenting to Australian Primary Mental Health Services
Authors: Cotton Sue M , Sharmin Sonia , Gao Caroline X , Brown Ellie , Menssink Jana M , Rickwood Debra , Bedi Gillinder , Hickie Ian , Hetrick Sarah E , Parker Alexandra G , Herrman Helen , Telford Nic , McGorry Patrick D , Filia Kate M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn Australian youth primary mental health settings it is unclear as to the rates and correlates of tobacco use at service entry.Aims and MethodsWe aimed to delineate the prevalence and correlates of recent tobacco use (eg, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, cigars, etc) in the past 3 months in young people at their first presentation to primary mental health services as a function of age. Cross-sectional self-report measures were collected using a tablet device from young people presenting to one of five Australian primary mental health (headspace) services. Logistic regression assessed correlates of past 3-month tobacco use in adolescents (12–17 years) and young adults (18–25 years).ResultsRegular (at least monthly) tobacco use in the past 3 months was found in 23.4% (n = 247, N = 1055) of the sample. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR] =1.47 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15 to 1.89), male sex (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.83), being in a relationship (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.82), and poorer functioning (OR = 0.95 per unit Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale increase; 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.99) predicted regular tobacco use in adolescents, but not in young adults. Living in a regional location (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.13) and not studying (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.73) predicted tobacco use in young adults. Having a diagnosed mental illness other than depression and/or anxiety predicted tobacco use in both groups (adolescents OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.26 to 4.94; young adults OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.89).ConclusionsNearly a quarter of young people with mental illness are using tobacco, supporting the need for early intervention approaches. Adapting treatment targets by age could improve the impact of interventions in adolescents versus young adults. Poor functioning and lack of engagement in education were associated with tobacco use in both age groups, respectively; however, more research is needed to determine the direction of these relationships.ImplicationsYoung people with mental illness have a high prevalence of recent tobacco use and this is evident when they first present to youth primary mental health services. Youth-oriented mental health settings may provide a unique window for tobacco use prevention and early intervention to reduce smoking in people with mental illness, a priority population. Age-specific targeted approaches might be needed in adolescents and young adults.
Diterpene synthases fromLeonurus japonicuselucidate epoxy-bridge formation of spiro-labdane diterpenoids
Authors: Wang Jian , Mao Yaping , Ma Ying , Yang Jian , Jin Baolong , Lin Huixin , Tang Jinfu , Zeng Wen , Zhao Yujun , Gao Wei , Peters Reuben J , Guo Juan , Cui Guanghong , Huang Luqi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpiro-9,13-epoxy-labdane diterpenoids are commonly found in Leonurus species, particularly in Leonurus japonicus Houtt., which is a medicinal herb of long-standing use in Asia and in which such spiro-heterocycles are present in at least 38 diterpenoids. Here, through generation of a transcriptome and functional characterization of six diterpene synthases (diTPSs) from L. japonicus, including three class II diTPSs (LjTPS1, LjTPS3, and LjTPS4) and three class I diTPSs (LjTPS5, LjTPS6, and LjTPS7), formation of the spiro-9,13-epoxy-labdane backbone was elucidated, along with identification of the relevant diTPSs for production of other labdane-related diterpenes. Similar to what has been found with diTPSs from other plant species, while LjTPS3 specifically produces the carbon-9 (C9) hydroxylated bicycle peregrinol diphosphate (PPP), the subsequently acting LjTPS6 yields a mixture of four products, largely labda-13(16),14-dien-9-ol, but with substantial amounts of viteagnusin D and the C13-S/R epimers of 9,13-epoxy-labda-14-ene. Notably, structure–function analysis identified a critical residue in LjTPS6 (I420) in which single site mutations enable specific production of the 13S epimer. Indeed, extensive mutagenesis demonstrated that LjTPS6:I420G reacts with PPP to both specifically and efficiently produce 9,13S-epoxy-labda-14-ene, providing a specialized synthase for further investigation of derived diterpenoid biosynthesis. The results reported here provide a strong foundation for future studies of the intriguing spiro-9,13-epoxy-labdane diterpenoid metabolism found in L. japonicus.
Cohomology of the Universal Abelian Surface with Applications to Arithmetic Statistics
Authors: Lee Seraphina Eun Bi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The moduli stack $\mathcal{A}_2$ of principally polarized abelian surfaces comes equipped with the universal abelian surface $\pi: \mathcal{X}_2 \to \mathcal{A}_2$. The fiber of π over a point corresponding to an abelian surface A in $\mathcal{A}_2$ is A itself. We determine the $\ell$-adic cohomology of $\mathcal{X}_2$ as a Galois representation. Similarly, we consider the bundles $\mathcal{X}_2^n \to \mathcal{A}_2$ and $\mathcal{X}_2^{\textrm{Sym}(n)} \to \mathcal{A}_2$ for all $n \geq 1$, where the fiber over a point corresponding to an abelian surface A is An and $\textrm{Sym}^n A$, respectively. We describe how to compute the $\ell$-adic cohomology of $\mathcal{X}_2^n$ and $\mathcal{X}_2^{\textrm{Sym}(n)}$ and explicitly calculate it in low degrees for all n and in all degrees for n = 2. These results yield new information regarding the arithmetic statistics on abelian surfaces, including an exact calculation of the expected value and variance as well as asymptotics for higher moments of the number of Fq-points.
An Unconditional Explicit Bound on the Error Term in the Sato–tate Conjecture
Authors: Hoey Alexandra , Iskander Jonas , Jin Steven , Trejos Suárez Fernando 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLet $f(z) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_f(n)q^n$ be a holomorphic cuspidal newform with even integral weight $k\geq 2$, level N, trivial nebentypus and no complex multiplication. For all primes p, we may define $\theta_p\in [0,\pi]$ such that $a_f(p) = 2p^{(k-1)/2}\cos \theta_p$. The Sato–Tate conjecture states that the angles θp are equidistributed with respect to the probability measure $\mu_{\textrm{ST}}(I) = \frac{2}{\pi}\int_I \sin^2 \theta \; d\theta$, where $I\subseteq [0,\pi]$. Using recent results on the automorphy of symmetric power L-functions due to Newton and Thorne, we explicitly bound the error term in the Sato–Tate conjecture when f corresponds to an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$ of arbitrary conductor or when f has square-free level. In these cases, if $\pi_{f,I}(x) := \#\{p \leq x : p \nmid N, \theta_p\in I\}$ and $\pi(x) := \# \{p \leq x \}$, we prove the following bound: $$ \left| \frac{\pi_{f,I}(x)}{\pi(x)} - \mu_{\textrm{ST}}(I)\right| \leq 58.1\frac{\log((k-1)N \log{x})}{\sqrt{\log{x}}} \qquad \text{for} \quad x \geq 3. $$ As an application, we give an explicit bound for the number of primes up to x that violate the Atkin–Serre conjecture for f.
Dyspnoea and cough in patients with systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease in the SENSCIS trial
Authors: Volkmann Elizabeth R , Kreuter Michael , Hoffmann-Vold Anna M , Wijsenbeek Marlies  , Smith Vanessa , Khanna Dinesh , Denton Christopher P , Wuyts Wim A   , Miede Corinna , Alves Margarida , Sambevski Steven , Allanore Yannick  
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of these analyses was to investigate the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) in patients with SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) with and without cough or dyspnoea in the SENSCIS trial.

Methods
Patients in the SENSCIS trial were randomized to receive nintedanib or placebo. Subgroups with and without cough or dyspnoea at baseline were defined by responses to the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.

Results
At baseline, 114/575 patients (19.8%) did not have cough and 172/574 patients (30.0%) did not have dyspnoea. In the placebo group, the rate of FVC decline over 52 weeks was similar in patients with and without cough (−95.6 and −83.4 mL/year, respectively) or dyspnoea (−95.8 and −87.7 mL/year, respectively). The effect of nintedanib vs placebo on reducing the rate of FVC decline was numerically more pronounced in patients without than with cough [difference: 74.4 (95% CI −11.1, 159.8) vs 31.5 (−11.1, 74.1)] and without than with dyspnoea [79.8 (9.8, 149.7) vs 25.7 (−19.9, 71.3)], but interaction P-values did not indicate heterogeneity in the treatment effect between these subgroups (P = 0.38 and P = 0.20, respectively).

Conclusion
In the placebo group of the SENSCIS trial, the rate of FVC decline was similar irrespective of the presence of cough or dyspnoea at baseline. The effect of nintedanib on reducing the rate of FVC decline was numerically more pronounced in patients without than with cough or dyspnoea at baseline, but no statistically significant heterogeneity was observed between the subgroups.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02597933.
Estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects and annotation of potential candidate genes for weight and meat quality traits in a genotyped outdoor dual-purpose cattle breed
Authors: Halli Kathrin , Bohlouli Mehdi , Schulz Lisa , Sundrum Albert , König Sven 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With regard to potential applications of genomic selection in small numbered breeds, we evaluated genomic models and focused on potential candidate gene annotations for weight and meat quality traits in the local Rotes Höhenvieh (RHV) breed. Traits included 6,003 birth weights (BWT), 5,719 200 d-weights (200dw), 4,594 365 d-weights (365dw), and 547 records for intramuscular fat content (IMF). A total of 581,304 SNP from 370 genotyped cattle with phenotypic records were included in genomic analyses. Model evaluations focused on single- and multiple-trait models with direct and with direct and maternal genetic effects. Genetic relationship matrices were based on pedigree (A-matrix), SNP markers (G-matrix), or both (H-matrix). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were carried out using linear mixed models to identify potential candidate genes for the traits of interest. De-regressed proofs (DRP) for direct and maternal genetic components were used as pseudo-phenotypes in the GWAS. Accuracies of direct breeding values were higher from models based on G or on H compared to A. Highest accuracies (&gt; 0.89) were obtained for IMF with multiple-trait models using the G-matrix. Direct heritabilities with maternal genetic effects ranged from 0.62 to 0.66 for BWT, from 0.45 to 0.55 for 200dW, from 0.40 to 0.44 for 365dW, and from 0.48 to 0.75 for IMF. Maternal heritabilities for BWT, 200dW, and 365dW were in a narrow range from 0.21 to 0.24, 0.24 to 0.27, and 0.21 to 0.25, respectively, and from 0.25 to 0.65 for IMF. Direct genetic correlations among body weight traits were positive and favorable, and very similar from different models but showed a stronger variation with 0.31 (A), −0.13 (G), and 0.45 (H) between BWT and IMF. In gene annotations, we identified 6, 3, 1, and 6 potential candidate genes for direct genetic effect on BWT, 200dW, 365dW, and IMF traits, respectively. Regarding maternal genetic effects, four (SHROOM3, ZNF609, PECAM1, and TEX2) and two (TMEM182 and SEC11A) genes were detected as potential candidate genes for BWT and 365dW, respectively. Potential candidate genes for maternal effect on IMF were GRHL2, FGA, FGB, and CTNNA3. As the most important finding from a practical breeding perspective, a small number of genotyped RHV cattle enabled accurate breeding values for high heritability IMF.
Partnering with patients in clinical trials of pain treatments: a narrative review
Authors: Holzer Katherine J. , Veasley Christin , Kerns Robert D. , Edwards Robert R. , Gewandter Jennifer S. , Langford Dale J. , Yaeger Lauren H. , McNicol Ewan , Ferguson McKenzie , Turk Dennis C. , Dworkin Robert H. , Haroutounian Simon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The interest and the rationale for meaningful engagement of patients as partners in clinical trials of pain treatments has been increasing. No specific guidance on patient engagement for pain research studies currently exists; thus, the goal of this narrative review was to provide a historical perspective and a current evaluation of the literature on engaging patients as partners in clinical studies in general and in pain-related studies more specifically. We described how regulatory and funding agencies have developed approaches to incorporate input from patients and patient partners in their decision-making processes. We provided an overview on key practices of patient recruitment and engagement as partners in clinical research and highlighted the perceived benefits and challenges of such partnerships. We summarized factors that can facilitate or hinder meaningful patient engagement in clinical trials of pain treatments and outlined gaps that future research should address to optimize patient-centered clinical research.
Amygdalar functional connectivity during resting and evoked pain in youth with functional abdominal pain disorders
Authors: Cunningham Natoshia R. , Nahman-Averbuch Hadas , Lee Gregory R. , King Christopher D. , Coghill Robert C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) are highly prevalent, difficult to diagnose, and challenging to treat. The brain systems supporting FAPD remain poorly understood. This investigation examined the neuromechanisms of FAPD during a well-tolerated visceral pain induction task, the water load symptom provocation task (WL-SPT). Youth between the ages of 11 and 17 years participated. Functional connectivity (FC) was examined through the blood oxygenation level–dependent effect using the left and right amygdala (AMY) as seed regions. Relationships of the time courses within these seeds with voxels across the whole brain were evaluated. Arterial spin labeling was used to assess regional brain activation by examining cerebral blood flow. Increased FC between the left AMY with regions associated with nociceptive processing (eg, thalamus) and right AMY FC changes with areas associated with cognitive functioning (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the default mode network (DMN; parietal lobe) were observed in youth with FAPD after the WL-SPT. These changes were related to changes in pain unpleasantness. Amygdala FC changes post–WL-SPT were also related to changes in pain intensity. Amygdala FC with the DMN in youth with FAPD also differed from healthy controls. Global cerebral blood flow changes were also noted between FAPD and healthy controls, but no significant differences in grey matter were detected either between groups or during the WL-SPT in youth with FAPD. Findings confirm youth with FAPD undergo changes in brain systems that could support the development of biomarkers to enhance understanding of the mechanisms of pain and treatment response.
Can Steps per Day Reflect Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Cancer Treatment?
Authors: Withycombe Janice S. , McFatrich Molly , Hinds Pamela S. , Bennett Antonia , Lin Li , Maurer Scott H. , Lucas Nicole R. , Mann Courtney M. , Castellino Sharon M. , Baker Justin N. , Reeve Bryce B. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Multiple symptoms occur in children receiving cancer therapy. Decreased steps per day may be associated with burdensome symptoms.

Objective
To evaluate associations between self-reported symptoms (pain interference, anxiety, depressive symptoms, psychological stress, and fatigue) and function (physical function-mobility and physical activity) and cumulative symptom count with steps per day.

Methods
Five sites enrolled English-speaking children, 8 to 17 years, receiving treatment for a first cancer diagnosis. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys were administered before (T1) and after (T2) a course of chemotherapy. Garmin VivoFit 3 (Garmin International, Olathe, KS) accelerometers were worn 7 days prior to each data point. Univariate changes in scores over time were evaluated with dependent-sample t tests. Pearson correlations examined associations between PRO domains and step count. Multivariable mixed-effect models examined associations between steps and PROs.

Results
Participants’ (n = 65) steps per day decreased during treatment (4099 [T1] and 3135 [T2]; P < .01), with larger reductions observed during hospitalization and in younger children compared with adolescents. Steps significantly correlated with PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System) Pediatric physical activity and physical function-mobility. Decreased steps per day were associated with increased fatigue and cumulative symptom count.

Conclusions
In children and adolescents with cancer, steps per day can serve as an indicator of fatigue, cumulative symptom count, physical activity, and physical functioning-mobility.

Implications for Practice
Child self-reports of physical activity and physical function are valid during cancer therapy and should be captured. In the absence of self-report, decreasing step count may prompt additional assessments related to fatigue or cumulative symptom count and trigger early interventions to support physical activity and physical function-mobility.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Hospital Admission Among Children in an Emergency Care Center
Authors: Hatachi Takeshi , Hashizume Takao , Taniguchi Masashi , Inata Yu , Aoki Yoshihiro , Kawamura Atsushi , Takeuchi Muneyuki 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
Machine learning–based prediction of hospital admissions may have the potential to optimize patient disposition and improve clinical outcomes by minimizing both undertriage and overtriage in crowded emergency care. We developed and validated the predictive abilities of machine learning–based predictions of hospital admissions in a pediatric emergency care center.

Methods
A prognostic study was performed using retrospectively collected data of children younger than 16 years who visited a single pediatric emergency care center in Osaka, Japan, between August 1, 2016, and October 15, 2019. Generally, the center treated walk-in children and did not treat trauma injuries. The main outcome was hospital admission as determined by the physician. The 83 potential predictors available at presentation were selected from the following categories: demographic characteristics, triage level, physiological parameters, and symptoms. To identify predictive abilities for hospital admission, maximize the area under the precision-recall curve, and address imbalanced outcome classes, we developed the following models for the preperiod training cohort (67% of the samples) and also used them in the 1-year postperiod validation cohort (33% of the samples): (1) logistic regression, (2) support vector machine, (3) random forest, and (4) extreme gradient boosting.

Results
Among 88,283 children who were enrolled, the median age was 3.9 years, with 47,931 (54.3%) boys and 1985 (2.2%) requiring hospital admission. Among the models, extreme gradient boosting achieved the highest predictive abilities (eg, area under the precision-recall curve, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.27; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.88; sensitivity, 0.77; and specificity, 0.82). With an optimal threshold, the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.22, and 0.28, respectively.

Conclusions
Machine learning–based prediction of hospital admissions may support physicians' decision-making for hospital admissions. However, further improvements are required before implementing these models in real clinical settings.
Effects of Kilohertz Frequency, Burst Duty Cycle, and Burst Duration on Evoked Torque, Perceived Discomfort and Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Modesto Karenina Arrais Guida , Bastos Júlia Aguillar Ivo , Vaz Marco Aurélio , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Kilohertz-frequency alternating current is used to minimize muscle atrophy and muscle weakness and improve muscle performance. However, no systematic reviews have evaluated the best Kilohertz-frequency alternating current parameters for this purpose. We investigated the effects of the carrier frequency, burst duty cycles, and burst durations on evoked torque, perceived discomfort, and muscle fatigue. A search of eight data sources by two independent reviewers resulted in 13 peer-reviewed studies being selected, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and rated using the PEDro scale to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Most studies showed that carrier frequencies up to 1 kHz evoked higher torque, while carrier frequencies between 2.5 and 5 kHz resulted in lower perceived discomfort. In addition, most studies showed that shorter burst duty cycles (10%–50%) induced higher evoked torque and lower perceived discomfort. Methodological quality scores ranged from 5 to 8 on the PEDro scale. We conclude that Kilohertz-frequency alternating current develops greater evoked torque for carrier frequencies between 1 and 2.5 kHz and burst duty cycles less than 50%. Lower perceived discomfort was generated using Kilohertz-frequency alternating currents between 2.5 and 5 kHz and burst duty cycles less than 50%.
Competency Assessment in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Resident Education
Authors: Malmut Laura , Kline-Quiroz Cristina , Cushman Daniel M. 
Published: February 2022

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scope and quality of research in physical medicine and rehabilitation resident education as it pertains to the six core competencies defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

Design
All indexed years of Medline, Embase, and ERIC were searched using key words related to physical medicine and rehabilitation and medical education. Data were extracted on core competencies, content categories, teaching interventions, and study quality.

Results
From a sample of 2544 articles, 62 studies were included in this review. Frequencies of core competencies studied were: patient care 62.9%, medical knowledge 56.5%, systems-based practice 22.6%, practice-based learning and improvement 14.5%, professionalism 25.8%, and interpersonal and communication skills 22.6%. Musculoskeletal and pain medicine was the most frequently studied content category (33.9%). There was no significant difference in quality of studies between the six core competency groups (P = 0.31).

Conclusions
Available research is highly concentrated in patient care and medical knowledge competencies and in the musculoskeletal and pain medicine content category. This systematic review outlines the current state of education literature and highlights areas for further inquiry. This is an important step toward the translation of research into evidence-based educational practices.