bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing the Genetics of Lewy Body Disorders with Disease‐Modifying Treatments in Mind
Authors: Levy Gilberto , Levin Bruce , Engelhardt Eliasz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, a caveat for advancing the genetics of Lewy body disorders is raised, given the nosological controversy about whether to consider dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD) as one entity or two separate entities. Using the framework of the sufficient and component causes model of causation, as further developed into an evolution‐based model of causation, it is proposed that a disease of complex etiology is defined as having a relatively high degree of sharing of the component causes (a genetic or environmental factor), that is, a low degree of heterogeneity of the sufficient causes. Based on this definition, only if the sharing of component causes within each of two diseases is similar to their combined sharing can lumping be warranted. However, it is not known whether the separate and combined sharing are similar before conducting the etiologic studies. This means that lumping DLB and PD can be counterproductive as it can decrease the ability to detect component causes despite the potential benefit of conducting studies with larger sample sizes. In turn, this is relevant to the development of disease‐modifying treatments, because non‐overlapping causal genetic factors may result in distinct pathogenetic pathways providing promising targets for interventions.
Paradoxical age‐related improvement in mental health in U.S. military veterans: Results from the national health and resilience in veterans study
Authors: Overstreet Cassie , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a seemingly “paradoxical” trend whereby mental health improves as a function of age despite declining physical and cognitive health occurs in U.S. military veterans, who are older, and have higher rates of trauma exposure and psychiatric morbidities relative to non‐veterans.MethodsUsing data from a nationally representative, cross‐sectional sample of 4069 U.S. veterans, polynomial regression analyses were conducted to examine changes in self‐reported physical, cognitive, and mental health of veterans representing the full age spectrum.ResultsPhysical health scores were consistently average and stable until around age 80 when they declined. In contrast, cognitive and mental health scores were markedly lower in young veterans and then increased linearly and positively well into late‐life.ConclusionsWhile greater age is associated with relative stability and late‐life decline in physical health in U.S. veterans, mental and cognitive health steadily improve until much later in life. Results may help inform age‐specific prevention and treatment efforts to promote healthy aging in this population.
Comparison of snowpack structure in gaps and under the canopy in a humid boreal forest
Authors: Bouchard Benjamin , Nadeau Daniel F. , Domine Florent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe boreal forest covers a significant portion of the Northern Hemisphere and is snow‐covered for over half of the year. Understanding the interactions between the forest canopy and snow is essential in hydrological, meteorological, and climate modelling. However, this is challenging because the density of a forest can range from closed canopies to open gaps. In winter 2018–2019, we assessed differences in snowpack microstructure in small forest gaps and under the canopy of a humid boreal site in eastern Canada. Our experimental approach consisted of quasi‐continuous weekly observations of stratigraphy and measurements of density profiles and temperature in a series of snow pits in both environments. High‐resolution specific surface area (SSA) profiles were measured twice, allowing for an estimation of snow permeability and hydraulic conductivity. The shallower snowpack under the canopy displayed a stronger vertical temperature gradient and less compaction than in forest gaps. This resulted in the dominance of faceted snow crystals with a small SSA. In contrast, we observed that small, rounded grains with a larger SSA than that of faceted crystals prevailed in the gaps. Due to denser snow and higher SSA, snow permeability inside gaps was found to be lower than under the canopy. Implicitly, the estimated hydraulic conductivity was also lower in gaps. Following rain‐on‐snow events, snow under the canopy displayed layers of melt‐freeze polycrystals, while in the gaps, well‐defined ice layers were formed. The combination of low snow permeability and ice layers is likely to affect liquid water transport in the gap snowpack as compared to the canopy. Although observed at relatively small scales in our study, if these differences are confirmed at a catchment scale, they are likely to impact the hydrology of forested areas during snowmelt.
AQP4 knockout promotes neurite outgrowth via upregulating GAP43 expression in infant rats with hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury
Authors: Dan Qi‐Qin , Ma Zheng , Tan Ya‐Xin , Visar Belegu , Chen Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) induces severe cerebral damage and neurological dysfunction, with seldom effective therapy. Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is involved in aggravating brain damage induced by NHIE. This study aimed to investigate the role of AQP4 underlying the pathogenesis of NHIE. Neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) models, and the expression of AQP4 in the cortex, hippocampus, and lung tissues was detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction as well as Western blot. Primary cortical neurons were cultured for the oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) model, and siRNA was used to silence the expression of AQP4. Immunostaining of Tuj1 was performed to observe the axonal growth. CRISPER/Cas9 technology was used to knock out AQP4. The results demonstrated that AQP4 was upregulated in the cortex, hippocampus, and lung tissues in neonatal rats with HI and OGD neurons. Besides, silencing AQP4 promoted axonal growth of OGD neurons, and AQP4 knockout notably improved long‐term neurobehavioral impairment. Furthermore, GAP43 was found closely correlated with AQP4 via GeneMANIA prediction. Significant downregulation of GAP43 was induced in OGD neurons, while AQP4 knockout markedly upregulated its expression in rats. This indicated that the depletion of AQP4 may enhance axonal regeneration and promote the long‐term neurobehavioral recovery associated with the upregulation of GAP43 expression.
Fibrinogen for the prediction of severe maternal complications in placental abruption with fetal death after 24 weeks of gestation
Authors: Atallah Anthony , Piccin Gaelle , Dubernard Gil , Abdul‐Hay Marie Jo , Cortet Marion , Huissoud Cyril 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the correlation between standard laboratory indicators at admission and severe maternal complications due to placental abruption (PA) with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) after 24 weeks.MethodsRetrospective study in three French tertiary referral hospitals. Correlation of laboratory indicators at admission (platelet count, prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen) and severe maternal complications (massive transfusion, multiple organ failure, hysterectomy, or maternal deaths) in patients with PA and IUFD.ResultsOver 12 years, we identified 27/344 (7.8%) pregnant women presenting PA with IUFD. No patient had coagulopathy at admission. Fifteen individuals (55.5%) underwent delivery by cesarean section before or during labor. Fifteen individuals (55.5%) presented severe complications, and 17/27 (63%) lost more than 1 L of blood during delivery. Fibrinogen level was shown to be the laboratory indicator most correlated with severe complications (r = −0.52, P = 0.01). The receiver operating characteristic curve of fibrinogen less than 1.9 g/L in the prediction of severe complications (area under the curve = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.97) showed both a sensitivity and specificity of 83% (95% CI 54%–96%).ConclusionsIn cases of IUFD with PA, fibrinogen levels at admission had a prognostic value for the prediction of severe maternal complications.
Retracted: A randomized controlled study comparing two uterine sparing techniques in conservative management of placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Dawood Ayman Shehata , Dawood Abdelghaffar Said , Shazly Sherif Abdelkarim , Assar Tamer Mahmoud , Soliman Ahmed Saber 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of two uterine sparing techniques in conservative management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).MethodsThis multicenter randomized controlled study was conducted from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 at two university hospitals. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; Group 1 was managed by Assar's technique and Group 2 was managed by Shehata's technique. Operative time, blood loss, operative complications (organ or vessel injury), and postoperative complications (early and late) were reported. Success of the technique, units of blood transfusion, and intensive care unit admissions were recorded.ResultsDemographic data in both groups were not significantly different. The mean gestational age at the delivery time was 36 weeks in both groups. Operative time was 120 (100–140) minutes and 75 (60–100) minutes in Assar's and Shehata's techniques, respectively (P < 0.001). Blood loss was higher in Shehata's technique than in Assar's (P < 0.001). Intensive care unit admissions were minimal in both groups. Operative complications were comparable in both groups. The success of Assar's and Shehata's techniques in uterine preservation was 85% and 95%, respectively.ConclusionBoth techniques were safe and successful in uterine sparing. Therefore, we recommend these techniques for conservative management of PAS.Clinical trial registrationThe trial was registered on UMIN‐CTR and had the unique ID: UMIN000025315 on the following link: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi‐open‐bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000029120.
How does the ERAS protocol work in patients who underwent cesarean section? (HERMES study)
Authors: Uyanıklar Özlem Özgün , Türk Pınar , Aslan Kiper , Aslan Elif Külahçı , Özden Okan , Gürlüer Jale , Orhan Orhan , Vural Nazlı Aylin , Kılık Tuğba , Kasapoğlu Işıl , Uncu Gürkan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for cesarean deliveries (CD) on postoperative outcomes.MethodsThis multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in six different centers between September 2020 and March 2021 and involved women who underwent either planned or unplanned CD. The primary outcome was time to the first passage of flatus following CD. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain score, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction. The protocol included early postoperative oral intake of ice cream and coffee, multimodal analgesia, antiemetic medications, and early ambulation.ResultsA total of 448 patients were included. The median time to the first passage of flatus was 10 h in the Hermes group and 18 hours in the control group (P < 0.001). Postoperative visual analog scale scores were significantly higher in the control group. Patient satisfaction scores and the frequency of postoperative complications did not differ between the groups (P = 0.08, P = 0.604, respectively).ConclusionsThe ERAS protocol, including early serving of ice cream and coffee in the early postoperative period, enabled early discharge and a faster return of bowel function. Implementation of the ERAS protocol for patients who underwent planned and unplanned CD appeared to be safe and effective.
Accelerated Aging in Cyclophilin B–Deficient Mice Downstream of p21‐Cip1/Waf1
Authors: Zhang Ying , Pignolo Robert J. , Bram Richard J. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTLoss of bone mass and strength is a common problem of advanced age in humans. Defective bone is also a primary finding in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic condition most commonly caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the type I collagen genes. Although altered collagen has been proposed to correlate with cellular processes that underlie aging, the causal relationships between them in vivo have not yet been completely explored. Whether aging plays a promoting role in OI development or whether OI contributes to aging, also remains unknown. The PpiB gene encodes cyclophilin B (CypB), a prolyl isomerase residing in the endoplasmic reticulum required for normal assembly of collagen. Germline deletion or mutations of CypB in mice or humans cause autosomal recessive OI (type IX). Here, we show that mice lacking CypB develop early onset of aging‐associated phenotypes, including kyphosis, fat reduction and weight loss, as well as abnormal teeth, skin, and muscle. Elevated senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal) activity was observed in fat tissues and in bone marrow–derived multipotent stromal cells. Protein levels of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (cdk)‐inhibitor p21‐Cip1/Waf1, a well known senescence marker, were significantly elevated in CypB‐deficient primary cells and mouse tissues. Importantly, loss of p21 in CypB knockout mice attenuated SA‐β‐Gal activity and delayed the development of kyphosis. In addition, less adipose tissue depot and higher SA‐β‐Gal activity were observed in a second OI model, Cola2oim mutant mice. A potential upregulation of p21 was also revealed in a limited number of these mice. These findings suggest that some of the features in OI patients may be mediated in part through activation of the p21‐dependent pathway, one of which is closely associated with senescence and aging. This study provides new mechanistic insight into relationships between OI and aging and raises the possibility of using senolytics drugs to treat OI in the future. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Guide for Understanding and Designing Mendelian Randomization Studies in the Musculoskeletal Field
Authors: Hartley April E , Power Grace M , Sanderson Eleanor , Smith George Davey 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTMendelian randomization (MR) is an increasingly popular component of an epidemiologist's toolkit, used to provide evidence of a causal effect of one trait (an exposure, eg, body mass index [BMI]) on an outcome trait or disease (eg, osteoarthritis). Identifying these effects is important for understanding disease etiology and potentially identifying targets for therapeutic intervention. MR uses genetic variants as instrumental variables for the exposure, which should not be influenced by the outcome or confounding variables, overcoming key limitations of traditional epidemiological analyses. For MR to generate a valid estimate of effect, key assumptions must be met. In recent years, there has been a rapid rise in MR methods that aim to test, or are robust to violations of, these assumptions. In this review, we provide an overview of MR for a non‐expert audience, including an explanation of these key assumptions and how they are often tested, to aid a better reading and understanding of the MR literature. We highlight some of these new methods and how they can be useful for specific methodological challenges in the musculoskeletal field, including for conditions or traits that share underlying biological pathways, such as bone and joint disease. © 2022 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Analysis of the initial dose and reduction rate of corticosteroid for ulcerative colitis in clinical practice
Authors: Masuda Masataka , Fukata Norimasa , Sano Yasuki , Nishimon Shuhei , Aoi Mamiko , Tomiyama Takashi , Fukui Toshiro , Omiya Mika , Okazaki Kazuichi , Naganuma Makoto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimTrends in steroid use and the effects of the initial dose, duration of use, and tapering schedule on clinical efficacy were assessed in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) undergoing steroid treatment.MethodsWe enrolled 191 cases with UC who underwent steroid treatment between 2006 and 2020. We assessed the difference in clinical remission rates in cases with different initial doses of steroid. Clinical factors for clinical remission at week 4 and discontinuation of corticosteroid within 12 weeks were also assessed.ResultsClinical remission and response at week 4 were obtained in 107 (56.0%) and 58 cases (30.4%), respectively. In hospitalized patients, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.373; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.146–0.956) and younger age (OR, 0.974; 95% CI, 0.951–0.998) were associated with clinical remission at week 4. Partial Mayo score (OR, 0.643; 95% CI, 0.451–0.918) and initial steroid dose of ≥30 mg (OR, 3.278; 95% CI, 1.274–8.435) were associated with clinical remission at week 4 in outpatients. Clinical remission at week 4 (OR, 0.300; (95% CI, 0.126–0.718)) and the steroid dose reduction rate at week 4 (OR, 0.092; 95% CI, 0.036–0.234) were associated with treatment discontinuation within 12 weeks. The proportion of patients in whom corticosteroids were discontinued at week 12 was significantly higher (P = 0.006) in 2016–2020 (28/52; 53.8%) than in 2006–2010 (15/54; 27.8%).ConclusionThe steroid reduction rate at week 4 may be critical for discontinuation within 12 weeks. Withdrawal of corticosteroids has been becoming more appropriate in the last 5 years than before.
Quantification of functional recovery in a larval zebrafish model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Hossainian Darius , Shao Enhua , Jiao Binxuan , Ilin Vladimir A. , Parris Ritika S. , Zhou Yangzhong , Bai Qing , Burton Edward A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by permanent loss of damaged axons, resulting in chronic disability. In contrast, zebrafish can regenerate axonal projections following central nervous system injury and re‐establish synaptic contacts with distant targets; elucidation of the underlying molecular events is an important goal with translational potential for improving outcomes in SCI patients. We generated transgenic zebrafish with GFP‐labeled axons and transected their spinal cords at 10 days post‐fertilization. Intravital confocal microscopy revealed robust axonal regeneration following the procedure, with abundant axons bridging the transection site by 48 h post‐injury. In order to analyze neurological function in this model, we developed and validated new open‐source software to measure zebrafish lateral trunk curvature during propulsive and turning movements at high temporal resolution. Immediately following spinal cord transection, axial movements were dramatically decreased caudal to the lesion site, but preserved rostral to the injury, suggesting the induction of motor paralysis below the transection level. Over the subsequent 96 h, the magnitude of movements caudal to the lesion recovered to baseline, but the rate of change of truncal curvature did not fully recover, suggesting incomplete restoration of caudal strength over this time course. Quantification of both morphological and functional recovery following SCI will be important for the analysis of axonal regeneration and downstream events necessary for restoration of motor function. An extensive array of genetic and pharmacological interventions can be deployed in the larval zebrafish model to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Syringe‐dispensed omega‐3 lipid injectable emulsions should be stored under airtight refrigeration: A proposal for the efficient supply of unapproved precious lipid resources
Authors: Setoguchi Makoto , Muto Mitsuru , Ohata Tomonori , Fukuoka Ryuichi , Ikeda Hirohito , Aki Hatsumi , Haraguchi Masaomi , Hanjo Shota , Arima Junko , Ibara Satoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth fish‐oil lipid injectable emulsion (FO‐ILE) and mixed‐oil lipid injectable emulsion (MO‐ILE) are key components of parenteral nutrition and require importation into Japan, and they are easily oxidized after opening. Given the small daily volumes of these lipids dispensed in infants and children with intestinal failure (IF), the purpose of the study was to identify the optimal storage method.MethodsLipids were prepared in polypropylene syringes in the following manner: air‐sealing and photoprotection, air‐sealing only, photoprotection only, and uncovered. Samples were stored for 14 days at 4°C or 26°C. The degree of oxidative degradation was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and pH and comparing them to the values measured immediately after opening.ResultsFor FO‐ILE, the increase in MDA concentration for 14 days was insignificant in air‐sealed samples, regardless of photoprotection (+0.45 μM, P = 1.0) or no photoprotection (+0.52 μM, P = 1.0). This trend was more pronounced at 4°C than at 26°C (P < 0.01). The maximum pH decrease was 0.08 at 4°C. MO‐ILE exhibited an insignificant increase in MDA concentration for 14 days with air‐sealed samples, regardless of photoprotection (+0.36 μM, P = 0.11) or no photoprotection (+0.33 μM, P = 0.76). This trend was more pronounced at 4°C than at 26°C (P < 0.01). The maximum pH decrease was 0.12 at 4°C. For soybean‐oil lipid injectable emulsion, the trend was similar with no considerable deterioration.ConclusionSyringe‐dispensed FO‐ILE and MO‐ILE stored under airtight refrigeration remained undeteriorated for 14 days. Our results are considered clinically valuable when supplying these expensive resources for infants with IF.