bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature determines the shift of thermal neutral zone and influences thermogenic capacity in striped hamsters
Authors: LIAO Shasha , TAN Song , JIANG Meizhi , WEN Jing , LIU Jinsong , CAO Jing , LI Ming , ZHAO Zhijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe thermoneutral zone (TNZ) reflects the adaptation of mammals to their natural habitat. However, it remains unclear how TNZ shifts in response to variations in ambient temperature. To test the hypothesis that ambient temperature plays a key role in determining TNZ variations between seasons, we measured metabolic rate, body temperature, and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity of several visceral organs in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) either acclimated to semi‐natural conditions over a year, or subjected to a gradual decrease in mean temperature from 30 ± 1°C to −15 ± 1°C. The TNZ range in striped hamsters differed seasonally, with a wider TNZ and a lower lower‐critical temperature in winter compared to summer. The hamsters showed a considerable leftward shift of lower‐critical temperature from 30°C to 20°C after the ambient temperature of acclimation from 30°C down to −15°C, whereas the upper‐critical temperature of TNZ remained fixed at 32.5°C. The resting metabolic rate in thermoneutral zone (RMRt), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), and COX activity of brown adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidneys, increased significantly in hamsters acclimated at lower ambient temperatures. Following acute exposure to 5°C and −15°C, hamsters acclimated to 32.5°C had significantly lower maximal NST and lower serum thyroid tri‐iodothyronine (T3) levels compared to those kept at 23°C. These findings suggest that acclimation to the upper‐critical temperature of TNZ impairs the hamsters’ thermogenic capacity to cope with extreme cold temperature. Reduced ambient temperature was mainly responsible for the leftward shift of TNZ in striped hamsters, which reflects the adaptation to cold environments.
Machine Learning Assisted Reservoir Operation Model for Long‐Term Water Management Simulation
Authors: Gangrade Sudershan , Lu Dan , Kao Shih‐Chieh , Painter Scott L. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThis study explores strategies for long‐term reservoir simulations by combining generic rule‐based reservoir management model (RMM) and machine learning (ML) models for two major multipurpose reservoirs — Allatoona Lake and Lake Sidney Lanier in the southeastern United States. First, a standalone RMM is developed to simulate daily release and storage during Water Year 1981–2015. Next, using Long‐Short Term Memory (LSTM) as the ML technique, a standalone LSTM model is trained based on reservoir inflow and meteorological observations to simulate reservoir release and estimate reservoir storage through water balance calculation. Three hybrid modeling strategies are developed, one using RMM output as an additional LSTM input (H1), another using LSTM as the initial release estimate in RMM (H2), and the third combining the first two strategies (H3). The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for release (NSE‐r), storage (NSE‐s), and their mean (NSE‐avg) are used for model evaluation. Overall, H1 improves NSE‐r to 0.65 and 0.54 for Allatoona and Lanier, respectively, compared to standalone RMM (0.44 and 0.21); however, its storage trajectory did not produce a physically feasible solution, similar to LSTM. H2 and especially H3 show that they can retain the best features from RMM and LSTM, with H3 NSE‐avg being 0.695 and 0.55 for Allatoona and Lanier outperforming RMM (0.615 and 0.29). The findings suggest a robust simulation capacity for large‐scale water management in future studies.
A root auto tracing and analysis (ARATA): An automatic analysis software for detecting fine roots in images from flatbed optical scanners
Authors: Yabuki Arata , Ikeno Hidetoshi , Dannoura Masako 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Buried scanners are often used to study fine root dynamics by continuously observing them from the images taken at a fixed point. Accordingly, software have been developed to support operators to quantitatively analyse fine roots from scanned images. However, image processing is still time‐consuming work.

Deep learning has achieved impressive results as a method for recognising objects in pixel units. In this study, we attempted to automate the image analysis of fine roots using convolutional neural network.

Using a root auto tracing and analysis (ARATA), we succeeded in extracting fine roots from scanned images and calculated projected area of fine roots for long‐term dynamics.

Our software enables the automatic processing of scanned images acquired at various study sites and accelerates the study of fine root dynamics over extended time periods.
Extending isolation by resistance to predict genetic connectivity
Authors: Fletcher Robert J. , Sefair Jorge A. , Kortessis Nicholas , Jaffe Roldolfo , Holt Robert D. , Robertson Ellen P. , Duncan Sarah I. , Marx Andrew J. , Austin James D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGenetic connectivity lies at the heart of evolutionary theory, and landscape genetics has rapidly advanced to understand how gene flow can be impacted by the environment. Isolation by landscape resistance, often inferred through the use of circuit theory, is increasingly identified as being critical for predicting genetic connectivity across complex landscapes. Yet landscape impediments to migration can arise from fundamentally different processes, such as landscape gradients causing directional migration and mortality during migration, which can be challenging to address. Spatial absorbing Markov chains (SAMC) have been introduced to understand and predict these (and other) processes affecting connectivity in ecological settings, but the relationship of this framework to landscape genetics remains unclear.Here, we relate the SAMC to population genetics theory, provide simulations to interpret the extent to which the SAMC can predict genetic metrics and demonstrate how the SAMC can be applied to genomic data using an example with an endangered species, the Panama City crayfishProcambarus econfinae, where directional migration is hypothesized to occur.The use of the SAMC for landscape genetics can be justified based on similar grounds to using circuit theory, as we show how circuit theory is a special case of this framework. The SAMC can extend circuit‐theoretic connectivity modelling by quantifying both directional resistance to migration and acknowledging the difference between migration mortality and resistance to migration. Our empirical example highlights that the SAMC better predicts population structure than circuit theory and least‐cost analysis by acknowledging asymmetric environmental gradients (i.e. slope) and migration mortality in this species.These results provide a foundation for applying the SAMC to landscape genetics. This framework extends isolation‐by‐resistance modelling to account for some common processes that can impact gene flow, which can improve predicting genetic connectivity across complex landscapes.
Incidence of conversion to general anaesthesia and need for intravenous supplementation in parturients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Stav Michael , Matatov Yuri , Hoffmann Dana , Heesen Philip , Gliesche Vincent , Binyamin Yair , Ioscovich Alexander , Eidelman Leonid A. , Orbach‐Zinger Sharon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundConversion from spinal anaesthesia to general anaesthesia (GA) was shown to be associated with more complications. It has been postulated that spinal injection of a low dose of local anaesthetic is a risk factor. We aimed to discover the rate of conversion from spinal anaesthesia to GA in women who received at least 10 mg heavy bupivacaine and opioids and assess its risk factors.MethodsAll women that underwent spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020 were included in this analysis. Spinal anaesthesia was performed according to department protocol using heavy bupivacaine 0.5% 10–13 mg, fentanyl 20 μg, and morphine 0.1 mg. We examined rate of conversion from spinal anaesthesia to GA and rate of need for analgesia/sedation.ResultsThere were 1.7% of women that required conversion to GA. Bupivacaine dose (OR 0.54 [95% CI 0.38 to 0.75], p < 0.001), surgery time (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.04], p < 0.001), emergency caesarean section (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.16 to 3.76], p = 0.015), and postpartum haemorrhage (OR 5.96 [95% CI 1.09 to 25.18], p = 0.025) were independent predictors of need for conversion to GA. Of the women who had CS under spinal anaesthesia, 4.1% of parturients required intraoperative analgesics/sedatives and 9.1% required anxiolysis.ConclusionsA small proportion of women required conversion to GA. This conversion occurred especially with emergency caesarean section and when low spinal bupivacaine doses were used.
IgD+age‐associated B cells are the progenitors of the main T‐independent B cell response to infection that generates protective Ab and can be induced by an inactivated vaccine in the aged
Authors: Kugler‐Umana Olivia , Zhang Wenliang , Kuang Yi , Liang Jialing , Castonguay Catherine H. , Tonkonogy Susan L. , Marshak‐Rothstein Ann , Devarajan Priyadharshini , Swain Susan L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAge‐associated B cells (ABC) accumulate with age and are associated with autoimmunity and chronic infection. However, their contributions to acute infection in the aged and their developmental pathways are unclear. We find that the response against influenza A virus infection in aged mice is dominated by a Fas+GL7− effector B cell population we call infection‐induced ABC (iABC). Most iABC express IgM and include antibody‐secreting cells in the spleen, lung, and bone marrow. We find that in response to influenza, IgD+CD21−CD23−ABC are the precursors of iABC and become memory B cells. These IgD+ABC develop in germ‐free mice, so are independent of foreign antigen recognition. The response of ABC to influenza infection, resulting in iABC, is T cell independent and requires both extrinsic TLR7 and TLR9 signals. In response to influenza infection, IgD+ABC can induce a faster recovery of weight and higher total anti‐influenza IgG and IgM titers that can neutralize virus. Immunization with whole inactivated virus also generates iABC in aged mice. Thus, in unimmunized aged mice, whose other B and T cell responses have waned, IgD+ABC are likely the naive B cells with the potential to become Ab‐secreting cells and to provide protection from infection in the aged.
Feeding behaviour in Australian gregarious Lophyrotoma sawflies (Hymenoptera: Pergidae)
Authors: Takeuchi Masatoshi , Zalucki Myron P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDetails of feeding behaviour of Australian sawfly species on eucalypt hosts are not well known. In this study, we report new findings on two pergid sawflies, Lophyrotoma interrupta and an unidentified species of Lophyrotoma, after observing larvae feed. We confirmed both daily and nightly feeding regimes, with L. interrupta and Lophyrotoma sp. engaged in feeding‐related activities 92.2% and 67.0% of the time, respectively. A colony sometimes splits into subcolonies as a leaf depletes; individuals leave singly and explore surrounding leaves before joining the rest of the colony feeding on the new leaf. As a specific feeding behaviour, the larvae of both species cut midveins on surrounding leaves in one of several ways before and during feeding. Larvae used pre‐processed cut leaves at a ratio ranging from 0.64 to 0.88 of the whole leaves eaten. Of the leaves cut prior to feeding, approximately half were not consumed, whereas the remaining were consumed 2 days after cutting (median time). We observed a decreasing trend of further cuttings when the proportion of damaged leaves in the surrounding area was increased. Feeding of Lophyrotoma sp. followed a clear pattern: Usually, the last individual remaining on the leaf severed the leaf petiole as it left. This petiole snipping occurred in over half the leaves that larvae had used; however, this behaviour was not observed in L. interrupta.
Experimental validation of seminal miR‐31‐5p as biomarker for azoospermia and evaluation of the effect of preanalytical variables
Authors: Plata‐Peña Laura , López‐Rodrigo Olga , Bassas Lluís , Larriba Sara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesPredicting the origin of azoospermia with non‐invasive biomarkers is clinically relevant for determining the chance of successful sperm retrieval from the testes before attempting assisted reproduction treatment. Here, the semen small extracellular vesicle microRNA miR‐31‐5p‐based biomarker test to distinguish obstructive azoospermia from secretory azoospermia (previously described by our group) is validated for clinical use, and additionally, the sample source (seminal small extracellular vesicles vs. total seminal plasma) as a preanalytical variable is considered to optimize the procedure.Results and DiscussionOur results provide evidence that altered miR‐31‐5p expression can be determined both from extracellular vesicles and from the whole seminal plasma to discriminate obstructive from secretory azoospermic samples. Not only have we validated this microRNA‐based molecular model as a clinically useful test for predicting the origin of azoospermia in a sample from azoospermic individuals, but additionally, and more interestingly for the clinicians, we have evidenced its usefulness for predicting the presence of spermatogenic failure in azoospermic patients with follicle‐stimulating hormone values <10 IU/L as a sensitive and specific biomarker (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.88; p‐value < 0.006).The use of total seminal plasma as an analytical sample would facilitate the use of a simplified technical procedure for miR‐31‐5p quantification and would represent a great improvement in reproductive treatment decision protocols for azoospermia in clinical practice.
National register data are of value in studies on miscarriage—Validation of the healthcare register data in Finland
Authors: Helle Nea , Niinimäki Maarit , Linnakaari Reetta , But Anna , Gissler Mika , Heikinheimo Oskari , Mentula Maarit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite the high prevalence of miscarriages, they are not systematically registered and few epidemiological studies have been done. As Finnish health registries are comprehensive and widely used in research, we validated the Finnish register data concerning diagnostics and treatment of miscarriage, and treatment‐related adverse events.Material and methodsWe conducted a validation study regarding miscarriage‐related codes of diagnoses and surgical procedures in a Finnish National Hospital Discharge Registry (NHDR) by comparing the information from the NHDR with that of the hospital records. We selected a random sample of 4 months during 1998–2016 from three hospitals, comprising 687 women aged 15–49 experiencing a first miscarriage during follow‐up. Women with diagnoses unrelated to miscarriage, or proven to be other than miscarriage, were excluded. The final sample consisted of 643 women with confirmed miscarriage, which was used for analyses regarding the diagnosis, treatment and adverse events of miscarriage treatment.ResultsThe majority of miscarriages registered in the NHDR were confirmed by the hospital records (positive predictive value [PPV] = 93.6% [95% confidence interval [CI] 91.8%–95.4%]). Different types of miscarriage were also reliably identified; spontaneous abortion with PPV = 85.6% (95% CI 80.9%–89.2%), missed abortion with PPV = 92.7% (95% CI 88.8%–95.3%) and blighted ovum with PPV = 91.1% (95% CI 84.3%–95.1%). The PPV of surgical treatment (62.2% [95% CI 55.7%–68.3%]) was lower than the PPV of non‐surgical treatment (93.3% [95% CI 90.5%–95.3%]). The diagnoses regarding adverse events of miscarriage treatment could be reliably identified. The PPV for clinical infections was 76.0% (95% CI 56.6%–88.5%) and for retained products of conception or/and vaginal bleeding 96.8% (95% CI 83.8%–99.4%).ConclusionsThe coverage of the NHDR was good concerning identification of miscarriages, different types of miscarriages and non‐surgical treatment. Nevertheless, there is a need for clearly defined procedural codes concerning to medical treatment of miscarriage. The register‐based data are reliable and practicable for both clinical evaluation and research concerning miscarriage.
The impact of macronutrient composition on metabolic regulation: An Islet‐Centric view
Authors: dos Santos Klinsmann Carolo , Olofsson Camilla , Cunha João Paulo M. C. M. , Roberts Fiona , Catrina Sergiu‐Bogdan , Fex Malin , Ekberg Neda Rajamand , Spégel Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe influence of dietary carbohydrates and fats on weight gain is inconclusively understood. We studied the acute impact of these nutrients on the overall metabolic state utilizing the insulin:glucagon ratio (IGR).MethodsFollowing in vitro glucose and palmitate treatment, insulin and glucagon secretion from islets isolated from C57Bl/6J mice was measured. Our human in vivo study included 21 normoglycaemia (mean age 51.9 ± 16.5 years, BMI 23.9 ± 3.5 kg/m2, and HbA1c 36.9 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) and 20 type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed individuals (duration 12 ± 7 years, mean age 63.6 ± 4.5 years, BMI 29.1 ± 2.4 kg/m2, and HbA1c 52.3 ± 9.5 mmol/mol). Individuals consumed a carbohydrate‐rich or fat‐rich meal (600 kcal) in a cross‐over design. Plasma insulin and glucagon levels were measured at −30, −5, and 0 min, and every 30 min until 240 min after meal ingestion.ResultsThe IGR measured from mouse islets was determined solely by glucose levels. The palmitate‐stimulated hormone secretion was largely glucose independent in the analysed mouse islets. The acute meal tolerance test demonstrated that insulin and glucagon secretion is dependent on glycaemic status and meal composition, whereas the IGR was dependent upon meal composition. The relative reduction in IGR elicited by the fat‐rich meal was more pronounced in obese individuals. This effect was blunted in T2D individuals with elevated HbA1c levels.ConclusionThe metabolic state in normoglycaemic individuals and T2D‐diagnosed individuals is regulated by glucose. We demonstrate that consumption of a low carbohydrate diet, eliciting a catabolic state, may be beneficial for weight loss, particularly in obese individuals.
CDCA7 promotes TGF‐β‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition via transcriptionally regulating Smad4/Smad7 in ESCC
Authors: Li Hongyi , Wang Shaojie , Li Xiubo , Weng Yongjia , Guo Dinghe , Kong Pengzhou , Cheng Caixia , Wang Yanqiang , Zhang Ling , Cheng Xiaolong , Cui Yongping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCell division cycle associated 7 (CDCA7) is a copy number amplification gene that contributes to the metastasis and invasion of tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This present study aimed at clarifying whether high expression of CDCA7 promotes the metastasis and invasion of ESCC cell lines and exploring the underlying mechanisms implicated in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ESCC. The role of CDCA7 in the regulation of ESCC metastasis and invasion was evaluated using ESCC cell lines. Expression of EMT‐related markers including E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, and Slug, transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) signaling pathway including Smad2/3, p‐Smad2/3, Smad4, and Smad7 were detected in CDCA7 knockdown and overexpressed cell lines. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and rescue assay were used to explore the underlying mechanisms that CDCA7 contributed to the metastasis and invasion of ESCC. High CDCA7 expression significantly promoted the metastasis and invasion of ESCC cell lines both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the expression of CDCA7 positively correlated with the expression of N‐cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, TGF‐β signaling pathway and negatively correlated with the expression of E‐cadherin. Furthermore, CDCA7 transcriptionally regulated the expression of Smad4 and Smad7. Knockdown of CDCA7 inhibited the TGF‐β signaling pathway and therefore inhibited EMT. Our data indicated that CDCA7 was heavily involved in EMT by regulating the expression of Smad4 and Smad7 in TGF‐β signaling pathway. CDCA7 might be a new therapeutic target in the suppression of metastasis and invasion of ESCC.
CT and CEA‐based machine learning model for predicting malignant pulmonary nodules
Authors: Liu Man , Zhou Zhigang , Liu Fenghui , Wang Meng , Wang Yulin , Gao Mengyu , Sun Huifang , Zhang Xue , Yang Ting , Ji Longtao , Li Jiaqi , Si Qiufang , Dai Liping , Ouyang Songyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComputed tomography (CT), an efficient radiological technology, is used to detect lung cancer in the clinic. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a common tumor biomarker, is applied in the detection of various tumors. To highlight the advantages of two‐dimensional techniques and assist clinicians in optimizing lung cancer diagnostic schemes, we established a favorable model combining CT and CEA. In the study, univariate analysis was performed to screen independent predictors in a training cohort of 271 patients with malignant pulmonary nodules (MPNs) and 92 with benign pulmonary nodules (BPNs). Six machine learning–based models involving five CT predictors (mediastinal lymph node enlargement, lobulation, vascular notch sign, spiculation, and nodule number) and lnCEA were constructed and validated in an independent cohort of 129 participants (92 MPNs and 37 BPNs) by SPSS Modeler. A nomogram and the Delong test were generated by R software. Finally, the model established by logistic regression had highest diagnostic efficiency (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.912). Moreover, the diagnostic ability of the logistic model in the validation cohort (AUC = 0.882, 80.4% sensitivity, 75.7% specificity) was higher than that of the Peking University model (AUC = 0.712, 68.5% sensitivity, 70.3% specificity) and the Mayo model (AUC = 0.745, 62.0% sensitivity, 75.7% specificity). Interestingly, for the participants with intermediate (10‐30 mm) and CEA‐negative nodule, the model reached an AUC of 0.835 (72.3% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity). The AUC for the early lung cancer was as high as 0.822 with 67.3% sensitivity and 78.9% specificity. As a conclusion, this promising model presents a new diagnostic strategy for the clinic to distinguish MPNs from BPNs.
Are mobile phone ownership and age of acquisition associated with child adjustment? A 5‐year prospective study among low‐income Latinx children
Authors: Sun Xiaoran , Haydel K. Farish , Matheson Donna , Desai Manisha , Robinson Thomas N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis prospective, longitudinal study examined associations between whether and when children first acquire a mobile phone and their adjustment measures, among low‐income Latinx children. Children (N = 263; 55% female; baseline Mage = 9.5) and their parents were assessed annually for 5 years from 2012. Children first acquired a mobile phone at a mean (SD) age of 11.62 (1.41) years. Pre‐registered multilevel models tested associations linking phone ownership, phone acquisition age, and the interaction between ownership and acquisition age to levels and changing trends of depressive symptoms, school grades, and reported and objectively assessed sleep. Results showed no statistically significant associations, controlling the False Discovery Rate. Findings suggest an absence of meaningful links from mobile phone ownership and acquisition age to child adjustment.