bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on global register allocation for code containing array‐unit dual‐usage register names
Authors: Hu Yonghua , Zhang Xin , Wang Shuying , Liang Wei , Li Kuan‐Ching 
Published: December 2022

SummaryArray‐unit dual‐usage register is a kind of register resource that can be read or written as a whole or individually. It is mainly configured in processors with SIMD processing units and provides register‐level speed data transfer between the scalar and vector processing units. To improve the efficiency of algorithms by using an array‐unit dual‐usage register, we investigate in this article the problem of adapting register allocation to code containing array‐unit dual‐usage register names. We propose a corresponding global register allocation method by combining the allocation of regular registers with array‐unit dual‐usage register, ensuring that the names of array‐unit dual‐usage register can be used in the input code of register allocation. Moreover, we present the processing framework of this method and the specific algorithms of some related vital aspects and demonstrate the working principles of the algorithms by an example. Experimental studies were conducted on a platform based on the FT‐M7002 DSP core, and showing that our register allocation method can effectively handle codes containing array‐unit dual‐usage register names and support relevant application algorithms to improve their data transfer scheme. For some typical algorithms with input matrix, substantial performance improvements of twofold or higher are achieved.
Investigation of Blue Coloration in Sapphires Using X‐Ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure Spectroscopy (XANES)
Authors: Amphon Ratthaphon , Chankhantha Chawalit , Thammajak Nirawat , Intarasiri Saweat , Shen Andy H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe color of blue sapphire has long been explained using the intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) [Fe2+‐Ti4+ and/or Fe2+‐Fe3+] theory, in which the blue can be reduced by thermal (heat) treatment in oxidizing condition to alter Fe2+ (FeO) to Fe3+ (Fe2O3). However, the color mechanism is not well understood. Recently, the band gap theory proposes that iron (Fe) in sapphire always presents as Fe3+, and the blue is caused by Fe3+‐Ti4+ pair, hence thermal treatment does not alter Fe oxidation. The UV–Vis–NIR, Proton‐Induced X‐ray Emission (PIXE), and X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure (XANES) techniques are carried out before and after treatment to prove this issue. The absorption spectra are slightly lower after treatment, corresponding with the reduction of blue color in all samples. XANES data reveal mixture of Fe2+ and Fe3+ (mainly Fe3+) in all samples, and show insignificantly change after heated which rather supports the band gap theory. However, calculation based on linear combination fitting (LCF) technique shows a slight change in the oxidation from Fe2+ to Fe3+ which rather supports the IVCT theory. It is noted that the highest change is found in the lowest ratio of Fe:Ti sample, while the lowest change is conversely.
Processing Additives for Solution‐Deposited Films of Zinc Phthalocyanine
Authors: Borovkov Nicholas Yu. , Kolker Arkadiy M. , Kholodkov Igor V. , Kholodkova Nathalie V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) receives attention from the industry of optoelectronic materials; so, a much‐needed algorithm for uniformly crystalline ZnPc films unimpaired by grain boundaries is under development in the laboratory. Such films are obtainable from solutions based on the binary cyclopentanone–3‐dimethylamino‐1‐propanol system where ketone is a solvent and aminoalcohol acts as a multifunctional processing additive. This work reports on auxiliary additives intended to fully control the film formation: 3‐bromopyridine and two ZnPc‐based amphiphiles, including a novel one‐tailed amphiphile mimicking classic surfactants. The former component, removable from deposited films upon mild annealing, amends the vertical development of the three‐dimensional (3D) phase, while the latter ones normalize important physicochemical processes, such as solution spreading and solvent evaporation. Variously shaped ZnPc particles modified with the mentioned additives are prepared by drop‐casting and examined by atomic force microscopy with the emphasis on phase‐contrast imaging. Applied aspects for the said additives are outlined.
Nitrogen‐Containing Polymers Derived from Terpenes: Possibilities and Limitations
Authors: Scheelje Frieda Clara M. , Destaso Francesca C. , Cramail Henri , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNitrogen‐containing polymers are widely applied materials, including polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyureas as well as epoxy thermosets. Their indispensability and the urgent need to replace fossil‐based polymers considering more sustainable alternatives lead to significant efforts in exploring renewable feedstock as potential new building blocks. Being obtained from non‐edible plant parts and often occurring as waste products, terpenes represent a promising group of renewable compounds that are of possible interest in the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing polymers. The structural diversity of terpenes in combination with the mechanical properties that nitrogen‐containing moieties bring into polymers can give rise to novel biobased materials that outstand mechanical and thermal properties of conventional fossil‐based counterparts. In this review, an overview of the use of terpene compounds in the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing polymers is given, covering different approaches to make use of terpenes as a valuable pool of renewable monomers.
Visible Light‐ATRP Driven by Tris(2‐Pyridylmethyl)Amine (TPMA) Impurities in the Open Air
Authors: Jazani Arman Moini , Schild Dirk J. , Sobieski Julian , Hu Xiaolei , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA500) in water is enabled using CuBr2 with tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) as a ligand under blue or green‐light irradiation without requiring any additional reagent, such as a photo‐reductant, or the need for prior deoxygenation. Polymers with low dispersity (Đ = 1.18–1.25) are synthesized at high conversion (>95%) using TPMA from three different suppliers, while no polymerization occurred with TPMA is synthesized and purified in the laboratory. Based on spectroscopic studies, it is proposed that TPMA impurities (i.e., imine and nitrone dipyridine), which absorb blue and green light, can act as photosensitive co‐catalyst(s) in a light region where neither pure TPMA nor [(TPMA)CuBr]+ absorbs light.
Application of computer‐assisted surgery in pediatric mediastinal tumor surgery
Authors: Liu Yao , Xia Nan , Duan Yuhe , Wu Xiongwei , Zhao Chunyang , Jin Chen , Chen Xue , Gao Qiang , Wang Yingming , Wang Feifei , Wang Fengjiao , Chen Yongjian , Dong Qian , Hao Xiwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐assisted Surgery system (CAS) is an effective medical imaging simulation tool, which is widely used in preoperative planning of surgery. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical application of CAS in pediatric mediastinal tumor resection.MethodsThis retrospective study investigated 74 children who underwent mediastinal tumor resection between June 2008 and June 2022 at the pediatric surgical center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital. Preoperative chest computed tomography imaging was performed on all children. A total of 44 children (the CAS‐assisted group) underwent clinical image 3D reconstruction and preoperative simulation using Hisense CAS. The control group consisted of 30 children who underwent a conventional procedure without CAS. The demographic, preoperative, and complication data were analyzed and compared between the two groups. t‐test, Mann‐Whitney U test, X2 test, or Fisher's exact test were used accordingly in this study during analysis.ResultsThe median operative duration was 119.00 min in the CAS‐assisted group and 140.50 min in the control group. The median intraoperative blood loss of the CAS‐assisted group and the control group was 14.00 and 31.00 ml respectively. Relative to the control groups, the CAS‐assisted group experienced shorter operative duration time (p = 0.041), and less intraoperative blood loss (p < 0.001). The difference in postoperative drain indwelling between the CAS‐assisted group (median:4.00 days) and the control group (median:7.00 days) reached a statistical significance (p = 0.001). And the duration of hospitalization after the operation for the CAS‐assisted group (median:7.00 days) was shorter than that for the control group (median:9.00 days) (p = 0.001). No significant difference could be found in the rate of blood transfusion (p = 0.258) and the incidence of postoperative complications (p = 0.719) between the two groups.ConclusionHisense CAS could effectively assist surgeons to clearly determine the anatomical site of tumors and provide accurate preoperative simulation for surgeons, so as to assist surgeons to specify effective surgical plans for patients.
Horizontal ramping rate framework to quantify hydropeaking stranding risk for fish
Authors: Le Coarer Yann , Lizée Marie‐Hélène , Beche Leah , Logez Maxime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydropeaking due to hydropower production can have negative impacts on aquatic fauna. One of the mechanisms for causing impacts on fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates is linked to the rapid dewatering of habitats, which can result in stranding or trapping. The magnitude of these impacts depends both on the characteristics of the flow variations and of the river morphology, as well as biological parameters (species, behavior, etc). When discharge is rapidly reduced, the risk of impacts on fishes (and notably the risk of fish stranding in dewatered zones along the riverbank) is frequently assessed by calculations of vertical ramping velocity among other methods. However, to assess fish stranding risks, the lateral ramping velocity calculated as a horizontal ramping rate (HRR) appears to be a more relevant indicator as it directly measures shoreline drawdown rates. HRR has the advantage of integrating river morphology, but it remains challenging to calculate HRRs in complex situations such as braided rivers. Using hydraulic simulations of the Durance, a gravel bed braided river, we have developed an innovative approach for HRR calculation. Considering two simulated flows, the algorithms for the calculations require partitioning the finite elements into wet and drying meshes. To recommend rates of lowering discharges during hydropeaking events, further studies are required to evaluate more precisely HRR limits for fish stranding regarding biotic and abiotic parameters: species, sizes, nychthemeral cycles, temperature, substrate, and so forth.
Education for sustainable development: Secondary school teacher's awareness and perception of integration
Authors: Khalid Malik Muhammad Saifullah , Qi Zhanyong , Iqbal Mussarat , Zamir Samina , Fatima Malik Balqees 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe pursuit of education for sustainable development (ESD) integration is imperative for appraising the implications and progress of the educational plan. Teachers are critical agents in delivering sustainable development content in formal education. Consequently, understanding the teachers' perspective is necessary for integration. This study analyses teachers' insights on integrating education for sustainable development. The teachers filled out a questionnaire concerning sustainable development, and data analysis revealed that teachers have positive awareness, poor attitudes and a detrimental state of behaviour towards sustainable development. The four focus group discussions were conducted to congregate teachers' perspicacity for sustainability education integration. The participant perceived reform in student‐teacher curricula, teacher's training programs, and embedding sustainability‐related subject content as an elementary enabler. They emphasised the vitality of administrative inputs and the government's role in successful integration. Three interlocking (educative, administrative and government) dimensions were advocated for sustainability integration in the school educative process.
Electrooxidation of Methanol on PANI‐CeO2@Pt Catalysts
Authors: Xiang Qun , Yan Ruiwen , Gao Guiqi , Wang Shuang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) and Pt were synthesized in sequence by in situ electrochemical deposition on CeO2 surface to prepare PANI/CeO2/Pt ternary composites (PANI‐CeO2@Pt composites). The electrocatalytic activity of PANI‐CeO2@Pt composite was measured to 226 mA⋅mg−1, which was 1.7‐, 2.3‐, 20‐flod as that of CeO2@Pt, Pt/C, and PANI@Pt catalyst, respectively. The PANI‐CeO2@Pt catalyst displayed noticeably the highest activity toward methanol oxidation after the 4000 s among the tested CeO2@Pt, Pt/C, and PANI@Pt catalyst. In a CO‐stripping experiment, PANI‐CeO2@Pt composites exhibited better CO tolerance. These results meant that highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles and the oxygen storage capacity of PANI‐CeO2@Pt contributed to admirable catalytic activities for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR).
Robust Biomass‐Derived Carbon Frameworks as High‐Performance Anodes in Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Jintao , Chen Guanxu , Zhao Siyu , Feng Junrun , Wang Ryan , Parkin Ivan P. , He Guanjie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have become one of the promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage that can provide low‐cost and high‐performance advantages. The poor cyclability and rate capability of PIBs are due to the intensive structural change of electrode materials during battery operation. Carbon‐based materials as anodes have been successfully commercialized in lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries but is still struggling in potassium‐ion battery field. This work conducts structural engineering strategy to induce anionic defects within the carbon structures to boost the kinetics of PIBs anodes. The carbon framework provides a strong and stable structure to accommodate the volume variation of materials during cycling, and the further phosphorus doping modification is shown to enhance the rate capability. This is found due to the change of the pore size distribution, electronic structures, and hence charge storage mechanism. The optimized electrode in this work shows a high capacity of 175 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and the enhancement of rate performance as the PIB anode (60% capacity retention with the current density increase of 50 times). This work, therefore provides a rational design for guiding future research on carbon‐based anodes for PIBs.
Stabilization of solid lipid nanoparticles with glycyrrhizin
Authors: Salminen Hanna , Kasapoğlu Kadriye Nur , Özçelik Beraat , Weiss Jochen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of saponin glycyrrhizin on the formation and stability of solid lipid nanoparticles. The hypothesis was that glycyrrhizin facilitates the formation of stable crystalline lipid particles due to its molecular characteristics and slows down polymorphic transition. Tristearin solid lipid nanoparticles emulsified with glycyrrhizin at varying concentrations at pH 7 and 3 were generated by hot high-pressure homogenization. The influence of glycyrrhizin on the physical stability and crystallization behavior of solid lipid nanoparticles was evaluated by dynamic and static lights scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, optical microscopy, visual observations, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that glycyrrhizin formed nanosized solid lipid nanoparticles at both pH 7 and 3. The glycyrrhizin concentration and the pH applied governed the crystallization behavior and the polymorphic stability as well as the physical appearance. Overall, glycyrrhizin showed remarkable ability to stabilize solid lipid nanoparticles against polymorphic transition over time. These results are relevant for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries to form stable carrier systems by using natural plant-based saponins as surfactants.
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein is a prognostic marker for a favorable outcome in three identified subsets in resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Knipper Karl , Lyu Su Ir , Goebel Heike , Damanakis Alexander I. , Zhao Yue , Bruns Christiane J. , Schmidt Thomas , Kashkar Hamid , Quaas Alexander , Schiffmann Lars M. , Popp Felix C. ,   the PANCALYZE Study Group
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Therefore, building further subgroups as well as enabling individual patient therapy and diagnostics are needed. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is known to modulate apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. Its expression was found to correlate with patients’ survival in other tumor entities. This study aims to examine the role of XIAP in patients with PDAC in relation to the inflammatory microenvironment.

Methods
The PANCALYZE multicenter study group included 257 patients with PDAC. Paraffin-embedded tumor samples were stained immunohistochemically for CD3, CD20, CD38, CD56, CD66b, CD117, and CD163 and XIAP. These stainings were further analyzed digitally with QuPath and survival analyses were done.

Results
XIAP-positive patients with T-cell, respectively, neutrophil enriched tumors survived significantly longer compared to XIAP-negative patients (CD3: 37.6 vs. 24.6 months, p = 0.028; CD66b: 34.1 vs. 14.9 months, p = 0.027). Additionally, XIAP-positive patients showed better survival in the lymph node-negative population (48.4 vs. 24.2 months, p = 0.019). Regarding the total population, our findings did not show a correlation between XIAP expression and survival. In multivariate cox regression analyzes XIAP proves to be an independent factor for better survival in the identified subgroups (CD3: p = 0.043; CD66b: p = 0.012, N0: p = 0.040).

Conclusion
We found XIAP-positive subgroups with significantly better survival in patients with PDAC in T-cell-rich, neutrophil-rich, or lymph node-negative cohorts. This could lead to further individualized cancer treatment with less aggressive therapy protocols for XIAP-positive tumors or more intensive follow-up for XIAP-negative tumors.
Snowmaking in a warmer climate: an in-depth analysis of future water demands for the ski resort Andermatt-Sedrun-Disentis (Switzerland) in the twenty-first century
Authors: Vorkauf Maria , Steiger Robert , Abegg Bruno , Hiltbrunner Erika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRising air temperatures threaten the snow reliability of ski resorts. Most resorts rely on technical snowmaking to compensate lacking natural snow. But increased water consumption for snowmaking may cause conflicts with other sectors’ water uses such as hydropower production or the hotel industry. We assessed the future snow reliability (likelihood of a continuous 100-day skiing season and of operable Christmas holidays) of the Swiss resort Andermatt-Sedrun-Disentis throughout the twenty-first century, where 65% of the area is currently equipped for snowmaking. Our projections are based on the most recent climate change scenarios for Switzerland (CH2018) and the model SkiSim 2.0 including a snowmaking module. Unabated greenhouse gas emissions (scenario RCP8.5) will cause a lack of natural snow at areas below 1800–2000 m asl by the mid-twenty-first century. Initially, this can be fully compensated by snowmaking, but by the end of the century, the results become more nuanced. While snowmaking can provide a continuous 100-day season throughout the twenty-first century, the economically important Christmas holidays are increasingly at risk under the high-emission scenario in the late twenty-first century. The overall high snow reliability of the resort comes at the cost of an increased water demand. The total water consumption of the resort will rise by 79% by the end of the century (2070–2099 compared to 1981–2010; scenario RCP8.5), implying that new water sources will have to be exploited. Future water management plans at the catchment level, embracing the stakeholders, could help to solve future claims for water in the region.
Technical and functional outcome after sacral neuromodulation using the “H” technique
Authors: Kasiri Mohammad Mahdi , Mittlboeck Martina , Dawoud Christopher , Riss Stefan 
Published: December 2022

SummaryBackgroundSacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a widely accepted treatment for pelvic floor disorders, including constipation and fecal incontinence (FI). In 2017, a standardized electrode placement method, the H technique, was introduced to minimize failure rates and improve clinical outcomes. We aimed to investigate the technical feasibility and functional outcome of the procedure.MethodsIn this prospective study, we evaluated the first 50 patients who underwent SNM according to the H technique between 2017 and 2020 at a tertiary care hospital. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected, and the impact of various factors on patients’ postoperative quality of life (QoL) was assessed after a follow-up of 40 months. Functional outcome was monitored prospectively using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsOf 50 patients, 36 (72%) reported greater than 50% symptom relief and received a permanent implant (95% CI: 58.3–82.5). We observed 75% success in relieving FI (95% CI: 58.9–86.3) and 64% in constipation (95% CI: 38.8–83.7). Complication occurred in five (10%) patients. Preoperative vs. postoperative physical and psychological QoL, Vaizey score, and obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) scores revealed significant improvements (allp < 0.01). Male gender was significantly associated with postoperative complications (p = 0.035).ConclusionWe provide evidence for the technical feasibility and efficacy of the SNM implantation using the H technique. The medium-term results are promising for patients with FI and constipation. Male patients and those with a BMI > 25 are more prone to perioperative complications.
The Buchweitz Set of a Numerical Semigroup
Authors: Eliahou Shalom , García-García Juan Ignacio , Marín-Aragón Daniel , Vigneron-Tenorio Alberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet $$A \subset \mathbb Z$$

A
⊂
Z

be a finite subset. We denote by $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {B}}\,}}(A)$$

B

(
A
)

the set of all integers $$n \ge 2$$

n
≥
2

such that $$|nA| > (2n-1)(|A|-1),$$

|
n
A
|
>
(
2
n
-
1
)
(
|
A
|
-
1
)
,

where $$nA=A+\cdots +A$$

n
A
=
A
+
⋯
+
A

denotes the n-fold sumset of A. The motivation to consider $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {B}}\,}}(A)$$

B

(
A
)

stems from Buchweitz’s discovery in 1980 that if a numerical semigroup $$S \subseteq \mathbb N$$

S
⊆
N

is a Weierstrass semigroup, then $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {B}}\,}}(\mathbb N{\setminus } S) = \emptyset .$$

B

(
N
\
S
)
=
∅
.

By constructing instances where this condition fails, Buchweitz disproved a longstanding conjecture by Hurwitz (Math Ann 41:403–442, 1893). In this paper, we prove that for any numerical semigroup $$S \subset \mathbb N$$

S
⊂
N

of genus $$g \ge 2,$$

g
≥
2
,

the set $${{\,\mathrm{\mathcal {B}}\,}}(\mathbb N{\setminus } S) $$

B

(
N
\
S
)

is finite, of unbounded cardinality as S varies.