bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-lasting impact of sugar intake on neurotrophins and neurotransmitters from adolescence to young adulthood in rat frontal cortex
Authors: Spagnuolo Maria Stefania , Mazzoli Arianna , Nazzaro Martina , Troise Antonio Dario , Gatto Cristina , Tonini Claudia , Colardo Mayra , Segatto Marco , Scaloni Andrea , Pallottini Valentina , Iossa Susanna , Cigliano Luisa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The detrimental impact of fructose, a widely used sweetener in industrial foods, was previously evidenced on various brain regions. Although adolescents are among the highest consumers of sweet foods, whether brain alterations induced by the sugar intake during this age persist until young adulthood or are rescued returning to a healthy diet remains largely unexplored. To shed light on this issue, adolescent rats were fed with a fructose-rich or control diet for 3 weeks. At the end of the treatment, fructose-fed rats underwent a control diet for a further 3 weeks until young adulthood phase, and compared with animals that received from the beginning the healthy control diet. We focused on the consequences induced by the sugar on the main neurotrophins and neurotransmitters in the frontal cortex, as its maturation continues until late adolescence, thus being the last brain region to achieve a full maturity. We here outline that fructose intake induces inflammation and oxidative stress, alteration of mitochondrial function, changes of brain derived neurothrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin receptors, synaptic proteins, acetylcholine, dopamine and glutamate levels, as well as increased formation of the glycation end-products Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL). Importantly, many of these alterations (BDNF, CML, CEL, acetylcholinesterase activity, dysregulation of neurotransmitters levels) persisted after switching to control diet, thus pointing out to the adolescence as a critical phase, in which extreme attention should be devoted to limit excessive consumption of sweet foods that can affect brain physiology also in the long term.
Understanding the subjective experience of long-term remote measurement technology use for symptom tracking in people with depression: A multisite, longitudinal qualitative analysis
Authors: White Katie , Dawe-Lane Erin , Siddi Sara , Lamers Femke , Simblett Sara , Alacid Gemma Riquelme , Ivan Alina , Myin-Germeys Inez , Haro Josep , Oetzmann Carolin , Popat Priya , Rintala Aki , Rubio Elena , Wykes Til , Member Patient Advisory Board , Henderson Claire , Hotopf Matthew , Matcham Faith 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Remote Measurement Technologies (RMTs) have the potential to revolutionise major depressive disorder (MDD) disease management by offering the ability to assess, monitor and predict symptom changes. However, the promise of RMT data depends heavily on sustained user engagement over extended periods of time. Here we report a longitudinal qualitative study of the subjective experience of people with MDD engaging with RMTs, to provide insight into system usability and user experience and to provide the basis for future promotion of RMT use in research and clinical practice.
Objective
We aimed to understand the subjective experience of long-term engagement with RMTs, through qualitative data collected throughout a longitudinal study of RMTs in MDD. The objectives were (1) to explore key themes associated with long-term RMT use, and (2) to identify recommendations for future system engagement.
Methods
In this multisite, longitudinal qualitative research study, 124 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 99 participants across the United Kingdom, Spain, and The Netherlands at 3-month, 12-month, and 24-month timepoints during a study exploring RMT use (the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse- Major Depressive Disorder study). Data was analysed using thematic analysis; interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded in the native language, with resulting quotes translated into English.
Results
There were five main themes regarding the subjective experience of long-term RMT use: 1) research-related factors, 2) utility of RMTs for self-management, 3) technology-related factors, 4) clinical-related factors, and 5) system amendments and additions.
Conclusions
The subjective experience of long-term RMT use can be considered from two main perspectives: a) experiential factors (how participants construct their experience of engaging with RMTs), and b) system factors (direct engagement with the technologies). A set of recommendations based on these strands is proposed, for both future research and the real-world implementation of RMTs into clinical practice. Future exploration of experiential engagement with RMTs will be key to successful use of RMTs in clinical care.
Fine needle aspiration is not a risk factor for cervical lymph node metastasis or prognostic factor in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Ding Min , Zhao Zhi-Feng , Xu Dan , Lin Ting-Yu , Shen Dong-Jie , Xie Rong-Li , Fei Jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (UGFNA) has been widely used in clinical practice. Many patients may still worry about UGFNA-related metastasis. The aim of this article was to analyze the potential association between UGFNA and cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and whether UGFNA influences the long-term prognosis of PTMC.
Methods
A total of 367 adult patients with PTMC who underwent thyroidectomy in our hospital between January 2014 and December 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the potential risk factors for CLNM. Propensity score (PS)-based 1:1 nearest neighbor matching was performed to select patients with homogeneous baseline characteristics. Then, the rate of CLNM was compared between matched samples with chi-square (χ2) tests. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan–Meier method in the PS-matched cohort. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was compared between groups with the log-rank test.
Results
Multivariate analysis showed that male sex (OR = 3.997, 95% CI 2.148 ~ 7.439, P < 0.01) and larger tumor size (OR = 2.319, 95% CI 1.285 ~ 4.186, P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for CLNM. Younger age (< 55 years, OR = 1.809, 95% CI 0.937 ~ 3.492, P > 0.05), capsular invasion (OR = 1.218, 95% CI 0.415 ~ 3.572, P > 0.05), multifocality (OR = 1.949, 95% CI 0.905 ~ 4.196, P > 0.05) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) (OR = 0.824, 95% CI 0.401 ~ 1.696, P > 0.05) were not independent risk factors for CLNM. In the PS-matched cohort, the CLNM rate showed no significant difference between the UGFNA and non-UGFNA groups (29.5% vs. 23.7%, P > 0.05). With a median follow-up of 63.8 months (range 3.1–84.9 months), the 5-year cumulative RFS rate was 99.3% in the UGFNA group and 97.7% in the non-UGFNA group. After PS matching, the Kaplan–Meier curves showed no significant differences between groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
UGFNA is a very safe diagnostic tool that does not influence the CLNM rate or long-term prognosis of patients with PTMC. The fear of UGFNA-related metastasis should not deter UGFNA of the thyroid.
Evaluation of systolic function using global longitudinal strain in isolated obese and overweight people
Authors: Bayat Fariba , Khani Mohammad , Hooshmand Elham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
There are scarce investigations regarding the effect of obesity on left ventricular systolic function in absence of other risk factors. This study aimed to identify the global longitudinal strain (GLS) changes in isolated overweight and obese people in absence of other risk factors.
Method
A total of 60 obese people, 30 overweight, and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Echocardiographic findings including apical 2-, 3- and 4-chamber GLS, GLS total, left ventricular (LV) diameter, interventricular septum thickness, and PAP were measured and compared between the three groups.
Results
Analyses showed that LV diameter in healthy controls was significantly lower compared to overweight (P = 0.02) and obese (P < 0.0001) participants. Also, the interventricular septal thickness was significantly increased in overweight (P = 0.007) and obese (P < 0.0001) individuals compared to participants with normal BMI. The mean and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) of total GLS values were − 22.29% ± 1.89% for normal weight, -22.09% ± 1.91% for overweight, and − 19.88% ± 2.34% for obese individuals. The total GLS of obese participants was significantly lower than overweight and normal controls (P < 0.0001). It was observed that the GLS values were significantly lower in people with BMI higher than 40. The mean ± SD of total GLS values were − 20.68% (1.84%) for BMI ≤ 40 patients, and − 18.51% (2.52%) for BMI > 40 patients.
Conclusion
All GLS values had a moderately strong correlation with BMI values. Subclinical LV dysfunction was detected in overweight people in addition to obese subjects.
SFI, a sex hormone binding globulin based nomogram for predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver in the Chinese population
Authors: Hua Xiaomin , Zhang Heping , Yang Wenru , Liu Guotao , Zhang Suhua , Wang Yingcui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to establish a novel nomogram model for accurate detection of NAFLD in the Chinese population based on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and other routine laboratory tests.Methods: A total of 1417 participants (1003 testing and 414 validations) were enrolled into the study. Risk factors independently associated with NAFLD were identified and incorporated in the new nomogram, SFI. The performance of nomogram was assessed by analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve.Results: We formulated a new nomogram incorporating four independent factors: SHBG, body mass index (BMI), ALT/AST, and triglycerides (TG). The nomogram achieved good indexes of area under ROC 0.898 (95% confidence interval 0.865–0.926) in predicting NAFLD, which was significantly superior to previously reported models of FLI, HSI, LFS, and LAP. The calibration curve and decision curve demonstrated high performance and clinical utility of the nomogram in predicting NAFLD.Conclusions: The nomogram SFI has high performance in predicting NAFLD in Chinese population and may be used as a cost-effective screening model to assess NAFLD in the general population.
Identification of potential hub genes of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhou Xu-dong , Qu Ya-Wei , Wang Li , Jia Fu-hua , Chen Peng , Wang Yin-pu , Liu Hai-Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor originated from gastric mucosa epithelium. It is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in China. The early symptoms are not obvious. When it is discovered, it has developed to the advanced stage, and the prognosis is poor. In order to screen for potential genes for GC development, this study obtained GSE118916 and GSE109476 from the GEO database for bioinformatics analysis.
Methods
First, GEO2R was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) and the functional annotation of DEGs was performed by GO and KEGG analysis. The STRING tool was used to construct protein-protein interaction network and the most important modules and hub genes were mined. RT-qPCR assay was performed to verify the expression level of hub genes.
Results
A total of 139 DEGs were identified. The functional changes of DEGs are mainly concentrated in the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and collagen synthesis. Eleven genes were identified as core genes. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the core genes are mainly enriched in many processes related to cell adhesion and collagen.
Conclusions
In summary, the DEGs and hub genes found in this study may be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Effect of Blood Pressure Level at Admission on In-Hospital Case-Fatality Rate in Patients with Aortic Dissection
Authors: Gao Bo , Chu Mengting , Song Bo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: To observe the correlation between the blood pressure level at admission in patients with aortic dissection and the in-hospital case-fatality rate. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical data of 580 aortic dissection patients (198 cases of Stanford type A aortic dissection and 382 cases of Stanford type B aortic dissection) who were hospitalized in our hospital from 2011 to 2018. According to the level of blood pressure at admission, the patients were assigned into five groups: group A (90-119/60-79 mmHg, n=107), group B (120-139/80-90 mmHg, n=121), group C (140-159/90-99 mmHg, n=140), group D (160-179/100-109 mmHg, n=107) and group E (≥180 mmHg, n=105). The number of cases of different types of aortic dissections, treatment methods and number of deaths at discharge were recorded in each group. Results: No statistically significant differences in the sex, and histories of smoking, drinking, hypertension and diabetes were observed among the five groups (p>0.05). Group A exhibited higher proportions of patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection and Marfan syndrome, a younger mean age of patients, a lower heart rate of patients at admission and more cases of surgical treatment than the other groups (p<0.01). The proportions of cases of pain at admission, Stanford type B aortic dissection and interventional therapy in groups D and E were higher than those in the other groups (p<0.01). Of 580 inpatients, there were 87 (15%) cases of death, and the in-hospital case-fatality rate in group A was higher than that in the other groups (p<0.01). Group E had a lower in-hospital case-fatality rate than groups A, B, C and D (p<0.05), and the differences among the latter three groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). Therefore, the in-hospital case-fatality rate declined with the increase in the level of blood pressure at admission. Conclusion: A lower blood pressure level (<120/80 mmHg) and a higher blood pressure level (>160/100 mmHg) at admission in patients with aortic dissection can predict the classification of aortic dissection to a certain extent. The patients with a higher blood pressure level have obvious symptoms at admission and receive prompt treatments, and among them, more patients suffer from Stanford type B aortic dissection and undergo interventional therapy, so the overall case-fatality rate can be decreased.
Interventions for expectant and new parents designed to prevent child abuse and neglect in at-risk families: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tamon Hiroki , Suto Maiko , Ogawa Kunio , Takehara Kenji , Tachibana Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The prevention of child abuse and neglect is an urgent matter given the serious effects of abuse and neglect persisting into adulthood, and the increased risk of the offspring of abused children being abusive themselves. Intervening as early as possible may prevent abuse that can begin in infancy. Although several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have investigated the effects of interventions on populations at risk for child abuse and neglect, few studies have focused on at-risk women or interventions that start during perinatal periods. This study aims to describe a systematic review to examine the effects of interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect that begin during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth (less than one year). The study will involve performing a systematic review and meta-analysis based on latest research articles up to and including November 2020 and a broader literature search.Methods and analysis: The protocol was prepared using the 2015 statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The literature search will be performed using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception onward. Randomized controlled trials of interventions that begin during pregnancy or the first year postpartum, designed to prevent child abuse and neglect in at-risk families, will be included. Data collection, quality assessment, and statistical syntheses will be conducted by following the methods in the protocol that are predefined.Ethics and dissemination:This study does not require ethical approval. The findings will be presented at conferences and will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021266462 Strengths and limitations of this study- This study will systematically review and analyze evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect among pregnant and postpartum women. - This study will investigate a broader range of electronic bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CENTRAL, using a systematic search strategy.- The study will be based on latest articles, and the publication period will not be limited.- As we will only include peer-reviewed articles written in English, a publication bias may occur that excludes related research published in other languages and gray literature. - We will only access limited databases, and furthermore, using different methods to assess child abuse and neglect may cause heterogeneity among studies.
Metasurface Enhanced Spatial Mode Decomposition
Authors: Jones Aaron , Wang Mengyao , Zhang Xuecai , Cooper Samuel , Chen Shumei , Mow-Lowry Conor , Freise Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Acquiring precise information about the mode content of a laser is critical for multiplexed optical communications, optical imaging with active wave-front control, and quantum-limited interferometric measurements. Hologram-based mode decomposition devices, such as spatial light modulators, allow a fast, direct measurement of the mode content, but they have limited precision due to cross-coupling between modes. Here we report the first proof-of-principle demonstration of mode decomposition with a metasurface, resulting in significantly enhanced precision. A mode-weight fluctuation of $6\times 10^{-7}$ was be measured with 1 second of averaging at a Fourier frequency of 80 Hz, an improvement of more than three orders of magnitude compared to the state-of-the-art spatial light modulator decomposition. The improvement is attributable to the reduction in cross-coupling enabled by the exceptional small pixel size of the metasurface. We show a systematic study of the limiting sources of noise, and we show that there is a promising path towards complete mode decomposition with similar precision.
Research on dynamic and vibration behaviors of a flip-flow screen with crankshaft-link structure
Authors: Li Hongxi , Liu Chusheng , Zhou Enhui , Shen Ling 
Published: May 2022

A flip-flow screen with crankshaft-link structure (FFSCLS) is an effective solution for screening of high-water and fine materials due to its good performance. The dynamical characteristics largely affects the screen performance and the processing capacity of the FFSCLS. In this paper, a dynamic model governing the dynamical characteristics of the FFSCLS was proposed. In addition, the motion trajectory and vibration data of the FFSCLS were investigated by vibration experimental technology. The results show that the experiment results can be fully described by the dynamic model whit the maximum deviation was within 6.26 %. Moreover, the mass ratio between outer box and inner box determined the dynamical characteristics of the flip-flow screen, and these parameters should be optimized. This work can provide useful references for efficient operation and optimal design for the flip-flow screen.
Evaluating the performance of conventional DAF and PosiDAF processes for cyanobacteria separation at a pilot plant scale
Authors: Yap R. K. L. , Rao N. R. H. , Holmes M. , Whittaker M. , Stuetz R. M. , Jefferson B. , Bulmuş V. , Peirson W. L. , Henderson R. K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, a commercially available water treatment polymer poly(N,N-diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and a hydrophobically modified polymer (HMP) designed to adhere to bubble surfaces were applied for the first time in the novel Posi-dissolved air flotation process (PosiDAF) that uses polymer-modified bubbles, at pilot-scale for the treatment of waste stabilisation pond samples rich in algae. It was found that PDADMAC in PosiDAF gave comparable removal to that achieved using conventional DAF at &gt;95% cell separation. Furthermore, the float layer was more uniform and thicker with up to 8% solid contents compared to conventional DAF, which comprised discrete floc clusters with an average solid concentration of ∼4.1%. In contrast to the use of PDADMAC, the application of the HMP did not achieve similarly good separation at pilot scale. It was hypothesised that this may be due to the micellisation of the HMP on the bubble surface, creating unstable bubbles that coalesced and prevented polymer–bubble–cell interactions, which are crucial for effective cell separation. On comparison of the costs of PosiDAF and conventional DAF, it was found that PosiDAF resulted in cost-savings of up to 74% due to low chemical consumption. In summary, PosiDAF reduced chemical cost and increased solid contents in the metal-free float.
Saltwater intrusion in Denmark
Authors: Duque Carlos , Meyer Rena , Sonnenborg Torben O. 
Published: May 2022

The studies investigating saltwater intrusion in Denmark have been reviewed to identify the main characteristics and features that have an impact on coastal aquifers interacting with the sea. Traditionally, in regions with wet climate, saltwater intrusion is not appointed as a frequent problem and it is more commonly linked to areas affected by water scarcity. Nevertheless, multiple factors that can induce the salinization of coastal aquifers have been found for Denmark such as the presence of coastal drained lowlands with the water table below the sea level or karstic features and buried valleys in carbonate and detrital systems respectively that can act as preferential flow paths for saline water. Eustatic changes have been also played an important role in the salinization of aquifers, in deep aquifers saline ancient connate water can be identified and in small islands, a delicate equilibrium of freshwater lenses is generated over saline water. As the water supply in this country depends almost exclusively on groundwater, saltwater intrusion can jeopardize fresh groundwater resources in coastal areas. An overview of the cases already studied, questions about the magnitude of these issues and the future perspectives with climate changes are discussed to put into context what is already known and what are the next challenges.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Based on Isatins
Authors: Sadeghian Zahra , Bayat Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-diones) and its derivatives are a unique structure of heterocyclic
molecules with great synthetic versatility and enormous biological activities of interest.
Isatins have been broadly used as building blocks for the formation of a wide range of Nheterocycles.
These applicable compounds undergo various reactions to form new heterocyclic
compounds. The focus of this review is to summarize the recent literature and key reactions
published about Pfitzinger, ring-opening, and ring expansion reactions of isatin and its derivatives
during the period from 2018 to 2020. We believe this gives some insight and helps to
bring about new ideas for further research.