bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Establishing Robust Consistency in Answer Set Programs
Authors: THEVAPALAN ANDRE , KERN-ISBERNER GABRIELE 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnswer set programs used in real-world applications often require that the program is usable with different input data. This, however, can often lead to contradictory statements and consequently to an inconsistent program. Causes for potential contradictions in a program are conflicting rules. In this paper, we show how to ensure that a program
$\mathcal{P}$
remains non-contradictory given any allowed set of such input data. For that, we introduce the notion of conflict-resolving
${\lambda}$
-extensions. A conflict-resolving
${\lambda}$
-extension for a conflicting rule r is a set
${\lambda}$
of (default) literals such that extending the body of r by
${\lambda}$
resolves all conflicts of r at once. We investigate the properties that suitable
${\lambda}$
-extensions should possess and building on that, we develop a strategy to compute all such conflict-resolving
${\lambda}$
-extensions for each conflicting rule in
$\mathcal{P}$
. We show that by implementing a conflict resolution process that successively resolves conflicts using
${\lambda}$
-extensions eventually yields a program that remains non-contradictory given any allowed set of input data.
Electromyography-based fatigue assessment of an upper body exoskeleton during automotive assembly
Authors: Gillette Jason C. , Saadat Shekoofe , Butler Terry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess an upper body exoskeleton during automotive assembly processes that involve elevated arm postures. Sixteen team members at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada were fitted with a Levitate Airframe, and each team member performed between one and three processes with and without the exoskeleton. A total of 16 assembly processes were studied. Electromyography (EMG) data were collected on the anterior deltoid, biceps brachii, upper trapezius, and erector spinae. Team members also completed a usability survey. The exoskeleton significantly reduced anterior deltoid mean active EMG amplitude (p = .01, Δ = −3.2 %MVC, d = 0.56 medium effect) and fatigue risk value (p < .01, Δ = −5.1 %MVC, d = 0.62 medium effect) across the assembly processes, with no significant changes for the other muscles tested. A subset of nine assembly processes with a greater amount of time spent in arm elevations at or above 90° (30 vs. 24%) and at or above 135° (18 vs. 9%) appeared to benefit more from exoskeleton usage. For these processes, the exoskeleton significantly reduced anterior deltoid mean active EMG amplitude (p < .01, Δ = −5.1 %MVC, d = 0.95 large effect) and fatigue risk value (p < .01, Δ = −7.4 %MVC, d = 0.96 large effect). Team members responded positively about comfort and fatigue benefits, although there were concerns about the exoskeleton hindering certain job duties. The results support quantitative testing to match exoskeleton usage with specific job tasks and surveying team members for perceived benefits/drawbacks.
Ungewissheit und Unsicherheit
Authors: Georg Jürgen 
Published: September 2022

Was ist bereits zu diesem Thema bekannt? Eine Middle-Range-Pflegetheorie der Ungewissheit (engl. uncertainity) wurde bereits in den 1990er Jahren von der US-Pflegewissenschaftlerin Mishel formuliert, ist jedoch im deutschsprachigen Raum wenig bekannt. Das bekannte Pflegekonzept „Coping“ erfährt nach dem Thema „Resilienz“ mit „Ungewissheit“ eine weitere Differenzierung. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Das Phänomen „Ungewissheit“ wird konsequent in den Pflegeprozess eingeordnet und somit einschätzbar, erkennbar, benennbar und gezielt sowie geplant pflegerisch beeinflussbar und evaluierbar gemacht. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Gewissheit schaffen und anerkennen, dass Menschen „Ungewissheit“ erleben und dass die Pflege dazu über einen Wissensfundus verfügt, den es für die Praxis fruchtbar zu machen gilt, indem systematisch Kenntnisse darüber verbreitet, erworben und angewendet werden.
On the Impacts of Ice Cover on Flow Profiles in a Bend
Authors: Koyuncu Berkay , Le Trung Bao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate the impact of ice coverage on flow and bed shear stress profiles in a river bend. We perform field measurements using Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler in a bend of the Red River, North Dakota, the United States. Field campaigns were carried out under both open‐surface and ice‐covered conditions in 2020 and 2021. Our results show that the time‐averaged velocity profile follows closely the quartic solution (Guo et al., 2017, under full ice coverage. While the flow profile under open‐surface condition follows closely the logarithmic law near the bed, it is challenging to identify the logarithmic layers in our measured data under ice‐covered condition. Our results also show that the impact of ice coverage is most significant near both banks where the vertical velocity profile is modified significantly due to the interaction of turbulent flows with the ice cover. Our results suggest that the bend curvature and ice coverage both have significant impacts on the velocity profile as well as the distribution of the bed shear stresses. Our findings provide new insights on sediment transport processes of ice‐covered rivers, especially during the break‐up period when the surface coverage changes rapidly.
Causes and Effects of the Long‐Range Dispersion of Carbonaceous Aerosols From the 2019–2020 Australian Wildfires
Authors: Wu Dongyou , Niu Xiaoying , Chen Ziqi , Chen Yang , Xing Yuxuan , Cao Xiaoyi , Liu Jun , Wang Xin , Pu Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAustralia experienced record‐breaking wildfires during 2019–2020, which emitted large amounts of carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we explored the atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamic mechanism of the long‐range transport of CAs during November 2019–February 2020. The results indicate that the emitted CAs had a ternary advective spreading pattern across the Pacific Ocean in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), influenced mainly by the westerlies and anticyclonic systems. Upward vertical motion over the convergence zone and heat released from smoke pyro‐cumulonimbus clouds and strong light absorption of CAs provided strong vertical lift as the predominant injection pathway of the CAs into the stratosphere in the central Pacific Ocean in the SH. The abundant tropospheric CAs induced atmospheric heating (and potentially surface cooling), with increasing air temperature and decreasing of surface temperature. The anomalous thermal structure led to changes in atmospheric circulation, which weakened the upward vertical motion.
Evaluating Global Atmospheric Inversions of Terrestrial Net Ecosystem Exchange CO2 Over North America on Seasonal and Sub‐Continental Scales
Authors: Cui Yu Yan , Zhang Li , Jacobson Andrew R. , Johnson Matthew S. , Philip Sajeev , Baker David , Chevallier Frederic , Schuh Andrew E. , Liu Junjie , Crowell Sean , Peiro Hélène E. , Deng Feng , Basu Sourish , Davis Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtmospheric inversion estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 are increasingly relevant to climate policy. We evaluated sub‐continental, seasonal estimates of CO2 NEE from nine global inversion systems that participated in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 model intercomparison project (OCO‐2 v9 MIP), using 98 research flights conducted over the central and eastern United States from 2016 to 2018 as part of the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport ‐ America mission. We found that the seasonal amplitude of NEE in the central and eastern United States is underestimated in these models and model‐data biases are largest for those inversions with the smallest seasonal flux amplitudes. These results were independent of whether the inversions used satellite or in situ data. The largest NEE biases were observed in the Midwest croplands and eastern forests. Future experiments are needed to determine the causes of the persistent biases and if they are associated with biases in annual flux estimates.
Tidally Driven Mixing “Hot Spot” at the Entrance of the Japan/East Sea
Authors: Wijesekera Hemantha W. , Jarosz Ewa , Wang David W. , Luecke Conrad A. , Teague William J. , Chang Kyung‐Il , Lee Jae Hak , Nam SungHyun , Min Hong‐Sik , KyungJae Lee  
Published: September 2022

AbstractMixing at the southwestern boundary of the Ulleung Basin (UB) in the Japan/East Sea was examined using combined ship‐based, moored, and quasi‐autonomous observations. These observations revealed strong tidal currents, high‐frequency internal wave packets, and energetic turbulence over the sill connecting the Korea/Tsushima Strait and the UB, especially when a supercritical flow becomes subcritical over the sill. In addition, strong velocity shear associated with the semidiurnal baroclinic tide was found near the bottom, where the bathymetry slope was critical to the semidiurnal tide. Large temperature fluctuations were observed during the subcritical phase of the flow, as hydraulically controlled flow generated internal‐wave packets and energetic turbulence with a turbulent‐kinetic‐energy dissipation rate of 10−4 Wkg−1, and a diapycnal diffusivity of 10−2 m2s−1. Our analysis suggests that the sill is a hot spot of mixing, which in turn can play an important role in the Japan/East Sea circulation.
An Empirical Model of the Proton Isotropic Boundary (IB)
Authors: Ma Longxing , Yu Yiqun , Tian Xinbin , Cao Jinbin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAt mid‐ and high‐latitudes, energetic protons of magnetospheric origin precipitate down to the upper atmosphere, manifested as one of the most important coupling processes between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The equatorward boundary of the energetic proton precipitation, or called isotropic boundary (IB), is usually believed to coincide with the boundary in the magnetosphere where field line curvature scattering of protons transits from strong to weak. In this study, we statistically examine the global distribution of the IB for 39 and 115 keV ring current protons as detected by the NOAA/Polar Operational Environmental Satellites in 2013–2018 and propose an empirical model of the IB as a function of solar wind conditions, magnetic local time, and geomagnetic activity index. The IB is well ordered by SYM‐H index and interplanetary magnetic field Bz, moving to lower latitudes with more negative SYM‐H index and Bz values, and with larger AE index and solar wind pressure. Energy dispersions of the IB are also explored, consistent with the scenario of field curvature scattering in the magnetosphere. This empirical model can be used as an indirect measure of the strength of the magnetospheric stretching and may be applied in magnetosphere‐ionosphere mapping studies.
The Potential Value of Combining Assimilation of Water Vapor Radiances and Cloud Liquid/Ice Water Path From ABI on Analyses and Forecasts for Hurricane Irma (2017)
Authors: Meng Deming , Chen Yaodeng , Li Jun , Tan Zhe‐Min , Wang Pei , Lee Jung‐Rim , Li Jinlong , Li Zhenglong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAll‐sky assimilation of infrared (IR), near‐IR, and visible band measurements are beneficial for forecasting cloud‐covered tropical cyclones, but numerous challenges remain. This study uses the combined assimilation of clear‐sky water vapor radiances and the cloud liquid/ice water path (CWP) retrieved from the Advanced Baseline Imager on the new generation geostationary environmental satellites. The two measurements are spatial complementary to one another. Microphysics schemes, cumulus parameterizations, and dynamic CWP observation errors are optimized using sensitivity tests. The cycling assimilations and subsequent forecasts of Hurricane Irma (2017) are investigated to assess the added value of the combined assimilation and its impacts on hurricane forecasts. Comparisons with ERA5 and dropsonde observations from the National Hurricane Operations Plan show that the combined assimilation can improve the prognostic variables of Hurricane Irma (2017) for both the large‐scale circumstances and the inner‐core area, resulting in a clear improvement in hurricane track and intensity predictions. The detailed diagnostics show that the improved track predictions can be attributed to the more precise steering flow produced by the combined assimilation. Moreover, the additional CWP assimilation allows for a more accurate initialization of water vapor in the hurricane's inner‐core area when the model produces dry simulated water vapor bias. Then the subsequent phase changes of water vapor improve the hurricane intensity forecasting by enhancing the feedback between heating and vortex circulation. The combined assimilation shows the potential value of better utilization of all‐sky satellite measurements to improve hurricane initialization and forecast.
The BEAP Teleconnection and Its Relationship With ENSO in CMIP6: Present and Future Projections
Authors: Gui S. , Yang R. W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the historical simulation of the Bay of Bengal–East Asia–Pacific (BEAP) teleconnection and its relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using 16 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). The CMIP6 models can reasonably well reproduce the BEAP‐related diabatic heating variables and the ENSO sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA). The CMIP6 models also show good performance in simulating the BEAP pattern at subseasonal and interannual time scales. Further investigation reveals that the BEAP–ENSO relationship changes from statistically insignificant to significant on an interdecadal timescale. Significant BEAP–ENSO correlation is associated with more positive SSTA over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) than in the period of insignificant BEAP–ENSO correlation. The positive SSTA difference acts as a heat source that intensifies the in situ atmospheric convection to generate considerable diabatic heating around the BEAP source region. The covariation of the Indo‐Pacific SSTA exhibits a tripole pattern, namely positive SSTA over the TIO, negative SSTA over the tropical central‐western Pacific, and positive SSTA over the tropical eastern Pacific. The SSTA tripole pattern is ascribed to the Indo‐Pacific capacitor effect and zonal advective feedback. The surface wind stress is weaker during the period of significant BEAP–ENSO correlation than during the non‐significant BEAP–ENSO period. The surface wind stress is also identified as a crucial factor in the projected changes in the BEAP teleconnection. The results indicate that the enhanced zonal wind stress results in more positive BEAP cases in the 21st‐century projection.
Determination of Broadband Complex EM Parameters of Powdered Materials: 2. Ilmenite‐Bearing Lunar Analogue Materials
Authors: Boivin A. L. , Tsai C.‐A. , Hickson D. C. , Ghent R. R. , Daly M. G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present systematic measurements of the frequency‐dependent complex dielectric permittivity of lunar regolith analogue samples with increasing amounts of the mineral ilmenite along with Bayesian model fits using a one‐pole Cole‐Cole model. We use these results to calculate a lower bound for the attenuation of radar signals in dB/m based on ilmenite content. We compare our measurement results with previous efforts to use Earth‐based radar maps to calculate the effect of ilmenite on radar attenuation and find that they are in agreement. We also revisit the ilmenite‐dependent loss tangent relationships of Carrier III et al. (1991) and demonstrate the significant frequency‐dependent effect of ilmenite content on signal attenuation as well as the effect of minor variations in loss tangent for depth‐to‐feature determinations. The results presented here are the first systematic laboratory measurements investigating the effect of ilmenite on radar attenuation and show future promise for the application of dielectric spectroscopy, or the identification of materials based on their electromagnetic properties in the radar and microwave range.
Discontinuity in Equilibrium Wave‐Current Ripple Size and Shape and Deep Cleaning Associated With Cohesive Sand‐Clay Beds
Authors: Wu X. , Fernandez R. , Baas J. H. , Malarkey J. , Parsons Dan. R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMixtures of cohesive clay and noncohesive sand are widespread in many aquatic environments. Ripple dynamics in sand‐clay mixtures have been studied under current‐alone and wave‐alone conditions but not combined wave‐current conditions, despite their prevalence in estuaries and the coastal zone. The present flume experiments examine the effect of initial clay content, C0, on ripples by considering a single wave‐current condition and, for the first time, quantify how changing clay content of substrate impacts ripple dimensions during development. The results show inverse relationships between C0 and ripple growth rates and clay winnowing transport rates out of the bed, which reduce as the ripples develop toward equilibrium. For C0 ≤ 10.6%, higher winnowing rates lead to clay loss, and thus the presence of clean sand, far below the base of equilibrium ripples. This hitherto unquantified “deep‐cleaning” of clay does not occur for C0 > 10.6%, where clay‐loss rates are much lower. The clay‐loss behavior is associated with two distinct types of equilibrium combined flow ripples: (a) Large asymmetric ripples with dimensions and plan geometries comparable to their clean‐sand counterparts for C0 ≤ 10.6% and (b) small, flat ripples for C0 > 10.6%. The 10.6% threshold, which may be specific to the experimental conditions, corresponds to a more general 8% threshold found beneath the ripple base, suggesting that clay content here must be <8% for clean‐sand‐like ripples to develop in sand‐clay beds. This ripple‐type discontinuity comprises a threefold reduction in ripple height, with notable implications for bed roughness.
Episodic Deformation and Topographic Development Along the Santa Ynez River Fault: A Blind Thrust in the Western Transverse Ranges of California
Authors: Kelty Clay , Onderdonk Nathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Santa Ynez River fault is a blind thrust in the western Transverse Ranges fold and thrust belt of southern California. To evaluate the late Quaternary fault kinematics and landscape development, we used fluvial and marine terraces that intersect the fault as geomorphic markers of deformation. Field mapping, GIS analysis, elevation surveys, and radiocarbon and postIR‐IRSL luminescence dating of these terraces indicate an approximately 50 kyr episode of vertical displacement and folding across the fault during the late Pleistocene. Deformation of terraces began at approximately 85 ka following an extended period of tectonic quiescence and fluvial planation in the area. Multiple terrace levels ranging in age from 95.5 ± 11 to 43 ± 5 ka are lifted and folded across the fault with the amount of deformation decreasing with decreasing age. Terraces younger than approximately 35 ka show no evidence of folding or vertical displacement across the fault, indicating that the fault has not slipped in the past 35 kyr. Deformation of the terraces shows that the Santa Ynez River fault exhibited alternating episodes of activity and quiescence on a timescale of tens of thousands of years. This episodic nature cannot be attributed to directional growth of the fold and thrust belt, fault linkage, or long recurrence intervals and evidence of fault slip since Miocene time suggests the episodic activity is not restricted to late‐Quaternary time. This unusual episodic behavior may be due to surface deformation switching back and forth between different shallow structures in the mountain belt through time.
A Two‐Stage Framework for Bias and Reliability Tests of Ensemble Hydroclimatic Forecasts
Authors: Zhao Tongtiegang , Xiong Shaotang , Wang Jiabiao , Liu Zhiyong , Tian Yu , Yan Denghua , Zhang Yongyong , Chen Xiaohong , Wang Hao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe popular probability integral transform (PIT) uniform plot presents informative empirical illustrations of five types of ensemble forecasts, that is, reliable, under‐confident, over‐confident, negatively biased and positively biased. This paper has built a novel two‐stage framework upon the PIT uniform plot to quantitatively examine the forecast attributes of bias and reliability. The first stage utilizes the test statistic on bias to examine whether the mean of PIT values is equal to the theoretical mean of standard uniform distribution. Then, the second stage uses the test statistic on reliability to examine whether the mean squared deviation from the theoretical mean is equal to the theoretical variance of standard uniform distribution. Therefore, by using the two‐tailed bootstrap hypothesis testing, the first stage identifies unbiased ensemble forecasts, negatively biased forecasts and positively biased forecasts; the second stage focuses on unbiased ensemble forecasts to furthermore identify reliable forecasts, under‐confident forecasts and over‐confident forecasts. Numerical experiments are devised for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Climate Forecast System version 2 ensemble forecasts of global precipitation. The results highlight the existence of various shapes of the PIT uniform plots. Due to extreme values of observed precipitation, the PIT uniform plots in some cases can substantially deviate from the 1:1 line even though the mean and variance of ensemble forecasts are respectively in accordance with the mean and variance of observations. Nevertheless, the two‐stage framework along with the two test statistics serves as a robust tool for the verification of ensemble hydroclimatic forecasts.
Paraskeletal and extramedullary plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma at diagnosis and at first relapse: 50-years of experience from an academic institution
Authors: Jiménez-Segura Raquel , Rosiñol Laura , Cibeira Ma Teresa , Fernández de Larrea Carlos , Tovar Natalia , Rodríguez-Lobato Luis Gerardo , Bladé Esther , Moreno David F. , Oliver-Caldés Aina , Bladé Joan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrom January 1970 to December 2018, 1304 patients were diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) at our institution and 256 (19.6%) had plasmacytomas (Ps) (paraskeletal –PPs- 17.6%, extramedullary –EMPs-1.9%). Patients with Ps had lower serum M-protein and less advanced ISS stage than those without. At first relapse, 192 out of 967 patients (19.8%) developed Ps (PPs 14.6%, EMPs 5.1%). The only factor associated with Ps at relapse was the presence of Ps at diagnosis (46% vs 13%, p < 0.00001) with no impact with exposure to novel drugs or previous autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). The median overall survival (OS) was 45, 44 and 20 months for patients without Ps, PPs and EMPs, respectively (p = 0.013). Patients with PPs who underwent ASCT had similar OS than those without Ps (98 vs. 113 months) and significantly longer than those with EMPs (98 vs 47 months, p = 0.006). In patients non-eligible for ASCT the presence of PPs or EMPs was associated with shorter OS compared with patients without Ps (32 vs. 24 vs. 6 months, p = 0.009). In the relapsed setting, a significant survival benefit was observed beyond the year 2000, but still with significant differences among patients without Ps, PPs and EMPs (37 vs 22 vs 16 months, p = 0.003). Importantly, rescue therapy with combinations of proteasome-inhibitors plus immunomodulatory drugs was associated with prolonged OS from first relapse (over 6 years), even in patients with EMPs.