bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Extractables/Leachables from Filter Materials on the Stability of Protein-Based Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Kushwah Varun , Münzer Juliana , Feenstra Verena , Mohr Stefan , Paudel Amrit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe manufacturing of biopharmaceutical drug solutions can involve close contact with various polymeric components, including common filter membranes. Potential leachable substances from filters may interact with the protein and thereby increase the structural damage and aggregation. The main aim of the study deals with the assessment of extractable and leachable (E/L) from different filters and the potential effect of E/Ls on protein (human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rh-GCSF) stability. The present study examines the E/L profile of five different polymeric filter membranes using various chromatographic techniques including LC–MS and GC–MS. In order to investigate their effect on protein stability, G-CSF (human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) formulations were spiked with filter leachable stock solutions at two different pH levels. The spiked formulations were further analyzed with respect to their aggregation behavior. The results demonstrated a higher E/L content in the case of polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), and polyethersulfone (PES) filters as compared to the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and regenerative cellulose (RC) filter materials. The E/L from RC and PES was found surface-active, whereas E/L from PA and RC significantly altered the particle size/structure resulting in the aggregation of proteins. Furthermore, bisphenol A was found to be one of the E/L substances from PC filters and can impose significant health problems when administered along with pharmaceutical products. The present study reports a qualitative rank ordering of the filter membranes in terms of their propensity to generate E/Ls and thus can be helpful in selecting a suitable membrane filter.
Probing the response of metals to low-frequency s-polarized evanescent fields
Authors: Klimchitskaya G. L. , Mostepanenko V. M. , Svetovoy V. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An experimental test for the response function of metals to the low-frequency s-polarized evanescent waves is proposed by measuring the lateral component of the magnetic field of an oscillating magnetic dipole spaced above a thick metallic plate. This suggestion is motivated by the fact that the Lifshitz theory using the Drude response function is in contradiction with high-precision measurements of the Casimir force performed at separations exceeding 150 nm. Analytic expressions for the lateral components of the magnetic field, which are fully determined by the s-polarized evanescent waves, are reported in terms of the reflection coefficients of the plate metal. Numerical computations are performed for the reasonable values of the experimental parameters for different models of the dielectric response. The resulting fields differ by the orders of magnitude depending on whether the Drude or plasma response function is used in computations. Thus, the measurement of the magnetic field will allow to discriminate between these two options. Possible applications of the obtained results are discussed.
Venous Flow Conversion Technique for Sacrificing the Superior Petrosal Vein During Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Yokosako Suguru , Kikuchi Asami , Ohbuchi Hidenori , Kubota Yuichi , Kasuya Hidetoshi 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) may require sacrifice of the superior petrosal vein (SPV), with potential risks of ischemia and hemorrhagic complications due to impaired venous return.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate methods for safely sacrificing the SPV.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed 21 cases in 346 consecutive microvascular decompression surgeries for TN. They were intraoperatively identified as SPV and its tributaries being the offending vessels causing TN and were intentionally sacrificed.

RESULTS:
The transverse pontine vein (TPV) was sacrificed in 10 patients. The main trunk of the SPV was sacrificed using the TPV as a collateral flow pathway in 10 patients. No complications occurred related to impaired venous return.

CONCLUSION:
The venous flow conversion technique can be applied to safely sacrificing the SPV and its tributaries with the TPV acting as a collateral blood flow pathway to prevent postoperative impaired venous return.
Surgical Planning and Simulation of Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma With Cavernous Sinus Invasion
Authors: Tamura Ryota , Oda Hiroki , Kosugi Kenzo , Toda Masahiro 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Transsphenoidal endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) provides effective treatment for patients with lesions of the sella turcica. The endoscopic technique requires different instrumentation, which depends on the gross anatomy of the nasal cavity. The treatment of lateral lesions is more challenging in EES.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative simulation using multiple anatomic landmarks.

METHODS:
Pre- and postoperative tumor volumes were analyzed in 33 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas who underwent EES (Knosp grades 3 and 4). The surgical working angle and space were three-dimensionally simulated at the plane of the anterior/posterior surgical field (tuberculum sellae/posterior clinoid process) using multiple anatomic landmarks of high-resolution computed tomography scans, such as nasal piriform aperture (proximal surgical corridor), and the width of bilateral vidian canals or lamina perpendicularis of palatine bone (distal surgical corridor). Receiver operating characteristic curves for the removed tumor volume were used to determine the cutoff value for the simulated working angle and space.

RESULTS:
Simulated working space at the plane of tuberculum sellae using piriform aperture and lamina perpendicularis of palatine bone was associated with the removed tumor volume in the cavernous sinus. Patients with a larger working space (≥42.7 mm) significantly showed a higher removed tumor volume (P = .023). There was no relationship between other parameters and the removed tumor volume.

CONCLUSION:
A new method to predict the surgical field for cavernous sinus lesions around sella turcica was successfully established. Further studies are needed to define and expand applications of this simulation method.
Crystal Structure of a 4,7-Bis(phenylethynyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-Based Cyclophane and the Mechanoresponsive Luminescence
Authors: Hiratsuka Keiko , Salim Fazil Thuluvanchery , Takahashi Kiyonori , Nakamura Takayoshi , Sagara Yoshimitsu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The photophysical properties of luminescent cyclophanes have been traditionally examined in an isolated state in solution. In contrast, the behavior of luminescent cyclophanes in response to external stimuli in the solid state has not yet been fully understood. Herein, we report on the crystal structure of a cyclophane featuring one 4,7-bis(phenylethynyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole group and its mechanochromic luminescence. Mechanical grinding of the crystals results in a phase transition to an amorphous state, which is concomitant with an emission color change from green to yellow. Annealing the amorphous phase at 100 °C induces a phase transition to another crystalline state, and green emission is observed again. On subsequent heating, the benzothiadiazole-based cyclophane forms a nematic liquid-crystalline phase above 191 °C. These results indicate that the introduction of π-extended planar luminophores within cyclic molecular structures is a promising approach for the design of stimuli-responsive luminescent materials.
Assessing splenic switch-off in Adenosine stress CMR for patients with atrial fibrillation: a propensity-matched study
Authors: Barrishi Adam , Graby John , Khavandi Ali , Dastidar Amardeep , Rodrigues Jonathan CL 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Splenic switch-off (SSO) is a validated indicator of adequate vasodilator stress unique to adenosine stress cardiac MR (CMR). Patients in atrial fibrillation (AF) may have a reduced adenosine response due to lower hyperaemic coronary flow reserve and may achieve SSO less frequently versus sinus rhythm (SR). Methods: 1100 stress CMR studies were identified from a clinical CMR database (2016–2021). 70 patients in AF were propensity score matched to a SR group for age, sex, and body mass index. The adenosine dose administered, symptoms, heart-rate change and scan result were recorded. SSO was evaluated subjectively and semi-quantitatively via changes in splenic and myocardial signal intensity (SI) from rest to stress. Results: SSO occurred significantly less frequently in AF than SR (34/70 [49%] vs 53/70 [76%], p = 0.003). Semi-quantitative assessment supported this, with a smaller splenic SI difference between stress and rest in AF vs SR (median splenic stress:rest peak SI ratio 0.92 [IQR:0.61–1.11] vs 0.56 [IQR:0.45–0.75], p < 0.001). A heart-rate increase >10 bpm predicted visual SSO in SR but not AF. Fewer patients in AF than SR had inducible ischaemia (9/70 [13%] vs 17/69 [25%], p = 0.058). This difference was not driven by inducible ischaemia rates in patients who did not achieve SSO (6/36 [17%] AF vs 4/17 [24%] SR, p = 0.403). Conclusions: SSO occurs significantly less frequently with AF. This may risk the under diagnosis of inducible ischaemia and requires further assessment. Advances in knowledge: SSO, a validated marker of adequate stress in CMR, occurs significantly less frequently in the presence of AF, risking a suboptimal functional assessment of coronary disease.
The effect of a siamese pumpkin and tuna-based powder (CHAGURO) diet in improving chol/HDL ratios in prediabetes individuals with dyslipidemia: a randomised trial
Authors: Sudargo Toto , Prameswari Atika Anif , Aulia Bianda , Aristasari Tira , Ratri Fitria Aninda , Muslichah Rahadyana , Putri Sheila Rosmala 
Published: August 2022

Background: The study aimed to examine the effect of administering CHAGURO (a product of the combination of siamese pumpkin and tuna-based powder) on the lipid profile in prediabetes individuals with dyslipidemia. Methods: The experimental trial was conducted with two intervention groups, with each group receiving a dose of 7.5g/70kg body weight (BW)/day (low dose) and 15g/70kg BW/day (high dose) for 60 days. Respondents in each group ranged in age from 30 to 60 years old. Prediabetes was defined as fasting blood sugar levels of 100-125 mg/dL, while cholesterol levels of 200 mg/dL was considered dyslipidemia. The mean baseline HbA1c level for all subjects was 5.5%. Respondents were randomized into intervention groups using simple randomization. Pre-test and post-test measurements were performed for body mass index (BMI), physical activity (using IPAQ-SF), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, blood pressure, and food intake (using SQ-FFQ). Statistical analyses performed included descriptive tests, independent and paired T-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Compared to the baseline, HbA1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides in the two groups did not improve significantly by 60 days. For lipid variables, a significant improvement in the cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (chol/HDL) ratios were observed when compared against the baseline for the two groups. When comparing the changes between groups, 7.5 g of CHAGURO showed a larger improvement in HDL-C (mean differences: 1.86 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.86-4.59), compared to 15 g of CHAGURO (mean differences: -3.62 mg/dL; 95% CI: -7.53-0.28). A significant (p<0.05) decrease in the chol/HDL ratio was observed in the 7.5 g CHAGURO group (mean differences: -0.20 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.39-(-0.01)). Conclusions: CHAGURO can be a functional food alternative to improve the condition of prediabetes people with dyslipidemia. Trial registration: Dr. Sardjito General Hospital (KE/FK/0951/EC/2020), 27/08/2020
What can we experience and report on a rapidly presented image? Intersubjective measures of specificity of freely reported contents of consciousness
Authors: Chuyin Zhang , Koh Zhao Hui , Gallagher Regan , Nishimoto Shinji , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: August 2022

Background: A majority of previous studies appear to support a view that human observers can only perceive coarse information from a natural scene image when it is presented rapidly (<100ms, masked). In these studies, participants were often forced to choose an answer from options that experimenters preselected. These options can underestimate what participants experience and can report on it. The current study aims to introduce a novel methodology to investigate how detailed information participants can report after briefly seeing a natural scene image. Methods: We used a novel free-report paradigm to examine what people can freely report following a rapidly presented natural scene image (67/133/267ms, masked). N = 600 online participants typed up to five words to report what they saw in the image together with confidence of the respective responses. We developed a novel index, Intersubjective Agreement (IA). IA quantifies how specifically the response words were used to describe the target image, with a high value meaning the word is not often reported for other images. Importantly, IA eliminates the need for experimenters to preselect response options. Results: The words with high IA values are often something detailed (e.g., a small object) in a particular image. With IA, unlike commonly believed, we demonstrated that participants reported highly specific and detailed aspects of the briefly (even at 67ms, masked) shown image. Further, IA is positively correlated with confidence, indicating metacognitive conscious access to the reported aspects of the image. Conclusion: These new findings challenge the dominant view that the content of rapid scene experience is limited to global and coarse gist. Our novel paradigm opens a door to investigate various contents of consciousness with a free-report paradigm.
Multipolar Security Cooperation Planning: A Multiobjective, Adversarial-Risk-Analysis Approach
Authors: Caballero William N. , Gharst Ethan , Banks David , Weir Jeffery D. 
Published: August 2022

In an increasingly competitive environment, defense organizations are met with more difficult decisions than in years past. This problem is especially apparent in security cooperation, that is, defense diplomacy, conducted by the United States. Both the United States and its competitors offer military assistance to third-party nations who, in turn, select an offer based on their own self-interest. Unfortunately, current security cooperation planning practices adopt an ad hoc approach to such problems. Therefore, we set forth herein a decision-analytic-planning framework by (1) provisioning a generic utility model for security cooperation planning applicable to myriad stakeholders and (2) developing a Bayesian solution that allows the stakeholder to select an action that maximizes their expected utility. This combination of value-focused thinking and adversarial risk analysis improves upon standard U.S. defense practices; it tractably encodes planning assumptions and more comprehensively considers the relevant uncertainties. The efficacy of this planning approach is illustrated on a notional U.S. Air Force case study in which a host nation must choose between security assistance from the United States or a competing nation. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS-1638521] and Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant 21RT0867].
Health-related quality of life and assessment in patients with lower limb lymphoedema: a systematic review
Authors: Chima Comfort , Murray Bridget , Moore Zena , Costello Mary , George Sherly 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To determine the impact of lower limb lymphoedema (LLL) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to identify the methodologies used to assess HRQoL and their adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended HRQoL dimensions. Method: A systematic review was used following the PRISMA guidance. Studies were eligible if they assessed HRQoL in adult patients with LLL. The search was conducted between September 2019 and February 2020 using CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library database. Data were placed onto a pre-developed data extraction table and analysed using a narrative synthesis. Evidence-based Librarianship (EBL) was used for quality appraisal. Results: A total of 18 studies were identified, among which 10 were cross-sectional and eight were longitudinal studies. Twelve HRQoL questionnaires were identified and the Lymphoedema Quality of Life tool (LYMQoL) was the most commonly used. All of the studies except one had an EBL validity score of ≥75%. Although LLL causes a considerable impairment in HRQoL, the findings varied across the studies. All the studies considered at least four of the six WHO recommended dimensions, with none considering the spirituality dimension. Furthermore, physical functioning and wellbeing were discovered to be the worst affected HRQoL dimensions. Conclusion: LLL adversely affects physical function, wellbeing and thus the HRQoL. The LYMQoL is the most commonly used questionnaire; despite this, all elements of the WHO recommendations were not captured in the included studies. However, accurate information on HRQoL indicating the impact of the disease on survivors’ lives and complete wellbeing is needed to inform evidence-based decision-making. Furthermore, having a universally accepted, disease-specific methodology will facilitate comparison and contrasting of HRQoL in patients with LLL.
Relevance of COVID-19 vaccine on the tourism industry: Evidence from China
Authors: Oteng Agyeman Fredrick , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Mingxing , Kwasi Sampene Agyemang , Adikah Israel , Frimpong Dapaah Malcom 
Published: August 2022

Background
Vaccination is indeed one of the interventional strategies available to combat coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study emphasizes the relevance of citizens’ acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in assisting global recovery from the pandemic and aiding the tourism industries to return to normalcy. This study further presented the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry in China. Also, the study confirmed the past performance of tourism in China to the current tourism-related COVID-19 effects from a global perspective by employing Australia’s outbound tourism data from 2008 to 2020 on top 6 destinations, including China, Indonesia, New Zealand, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Methods
Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistical Program (JASP) was used to analyze this study. The JASP statistical software was employed to accurately analyze the vaccines administered in China from December 15, 2020, to March 28, 2021.

Results
The study results demonstrate an overwhelming acceptance of vaccines in China which will positively and significantly impact the globe’s travel and tourism industries. Also, the study findings indicated that industries in tourism are hopeful of regaining the past losses. Further, the study results showed an enormous decline in death and new cases.

Conclusion
Vaccine acceptance is relevant for the eradication of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, neighborhood and individual-level acceptance of the vaccine will help reduce the challenges facing the tourism industries and the world. The researchers recommend that authorities should strictly check the vaccination certificates of visitors. Furthermore, hoteliers should put adequate measures to monitor all visitors who visit the various tourist destinations.
Perception of risk regarding the use of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women in Motta town and Hulet Eji Enese district, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Asratie Melaku Hunie , Kassie Belayneh Ayanaw , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Endalew Mastewal , Gashaw Moges , Assegie Getnet Melak 
Published: August 2022

Background
COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is a common practice in developing countries like Ethiopia. Despite there being a rumor from the community that the use of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is associated with many pregnancy adverse outcomes. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence on the perception of risk COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy in Ethiopia. This study assessed the perception of risk COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and associated factors in Motta town and Hulet Eji Enese district, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 12 to February 12, 2021. A total of 851 women’ were selected using the stratified cluster sampling technique. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a semi-structured pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with the perception of risk COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval at a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance.

Results
Perception of risk COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was 34.2% (95%CI (Confidence Interval): 31–37). Unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 3.66; 95%CI: 2.31–5.81), long travel time to the nearby health care facility (AOR: 4.57; 95% CI: 2.34–8.91), have no formal education (AOR: 3.15; 95%CI: 1.71–5.79), attending secondary educational level (AOR: 5.18; 95% CI: 2.17–12.4), no ANC (Antenatal Care) service utilization (AOR: 7.07; 95% CI: 4.35–11.5) and negative attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination (AOR: 6.05; 95%CI: 3.88–9.43) were significantly associated with the perception of risk COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.

Conclusions
Most of the participants perceive COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy as a risk for the outcome of pregnancy. Designing strategies to increase women’s educational status, promoting the need for maternal and child health services, and awareness creation regarding COVID-19 vaccination will have a great role in changing the perception of pregnant women. Therefore, the government should design public health programs targeting the identified factor, and should minimize the perception of risk acquiring infection from COVID-19 vaccine to improve maternal and neonatal health outcome.