bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-Fluorodeoxy Glucose and 11C-Methionine Accumulation in Demyelinating Lesions
Authors: Tomura Noriaki , Saginoya Toshiyuki , Kaneko Chikako 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Few studies have evaluated the accumulation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), 11C-methionine (MET), and other positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in patients with demyelinating disease.
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the accumulation of FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) and MET-PET/CT in demyelinating lesions.
Material and Methods A retrospective search of the patient database in our hospital identified five patients with demyelinating disease in whom PET studies performed in the past 10 years revealed accumulation of FDG or MET. The clinical diagnoses were multiple sclerosis (n=1), myelitis (n=1), limbic encephalitis (n=1), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP; n=1), and acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM; n=1). Two patients received FDG-PET/CT alone and three patients received both FDG-PET/CT and MET-PET/CT on the same day. Images were visually and conjointly reviewed by two radiologists. In semiquantitative evaluation, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the lesion was measured. The lesion-to-normal brain uptake ratio (L/N ratio) was calculated.
Results FDG and/or MET accumulated to a part of the lesions seen on MRI. SUVmax on FDG-PET/CT ranged from 3.8 to 10.3, and L/N ratio on MET-PET/CT ranged from 16.6 to 2.4.
Conclusion It has been established that neoplastic and demyelinating lesions can be differentiated on the basis of FDG or MET uptake. However, as accumulation of FDG and MET can also occur in demyelinating lesions; knowledge of this possibility is of clinical importance.
Second Adjuvant Radioiodine Therapy after Reoperation for Locoregionally Persistent or Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Cadena-Piñeros Enrique , Escobar Judith Vásconez , Carreño Jose A. , Rojas Julian G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has increased incidence. Intermediate- and high-risk patients have lymph node relapse rate ranging from 10 to 50%, and receive multiple reinterventions, increasing the morbidity of the disease. Currently, there are no established guidelines for the use of second radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy after the reintervention for local recurrence.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective review of the medical records of 1,299 patients treated from January 2016 to July 2019 with DTC. We included 48 patients who received total thyroidectomy, RAI remnant ablation, surgery to remove the locally recurrent/persistent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and received a second RAI therapy.
Results There were no significant differences between thyroglobulin (Tg) levels before reoperation (Tg0), Tg levels postoperatively (Tg1), and Tg levels after 6 months of second adjuvant RAI therapy (Tg2). However, we evidenced a 69.79% drop in first Tg levels (Tg0: 24.7 vs. Tg1: 7.56, p=0.851) and 44.4% decrease in second Tg levels (Tg1: 7.56 vs. Tg2: 4.20, p=0.544). Also, 77.1% of the patients did not have another documented recurrence. The median relapse-free time was 10.9 months (range: 1.3–58.2 months).
Conclusion The results of the study cannot assess that a second RAI treatment after reoperation for locoregionally persistent or recurrent disease have a significant impact on treatment outcomes in intermediate- or high-risk patients with PTC. However, the 77.1% of patients have not presented a second documented recurrence and the median values of Tg and TgAb levels showed a substantial decrease after surgery and second RAI treatment.
Thrombosis Risk Assessment in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm—Is There a Role for Viscoelastic Testing?
Authors: Lim Hui Yin , Ho Prahlad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhiladelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms include polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis. They are associated with increased thrombotic events, and the primary goal of therapy, in particular those with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, is the prevention of thrombotic complications typically with antiplatelet therapy and/or cytoreduction. While several patient-, disease-, and genomic-related factors have been identified to influence thrombotic risks, there are no routine laboratory investigations to date that are sufficiently accurate to assess the underlying procoagulant state and predict the thrombotic risks. Conventional coagulation testing only measures time to clot formation and cannot reliably predict bleeding and thrombotic risks. Global coagulation assays such as thromboelastography, thrombin, and fibrin generation may provide a more thorough assessment of hemostatic function. Thromboelastography and thromboelastometry are viscoelastic tests which measure the mechanical properties of the hemostatic process, including the global dynamics of clot formation, stabilization, and dissolution. While viscoelastic testing is gaining traction in the investigations of coagulopathies and goal-directed blood product replacement in trauma and massive transfusion settings, the role of these assays in thrombosis is less well defined. Here, we provide a review of the current evidence of the role of viscoelastic testing in myeloproliferative neoplasm, particularly in the thrombotic risk assessment.
Criteria for Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion in Retractorless Sphenoid Wing Meningioma Surgery: A Technical Report
Authors: Vetsa Shaurey , Nadar Arushii , Vasandani Sagar , Gorelick Evan , Bungard Jillian , Barak Tanyeri , Fulbright Robert K. , Marianayagam Neelan J. , Moliterno Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective Sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) can present surgical challenges, in that they are often obscured by overlying brain, encase critical neurovascular structures, and obliterate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cisterns. While brain retraction can enable access, its use can have potentially deleterious effects. We report the benefits and outcomes of the criteria we have developed for use of cerebrospinal diversion to perform retractorless surgery for SWMs.
Design Technical report.
Setting Yale School of Medicine and Yale New Haven Hospital.
Participants Between May, 2019 and December, 2020, ten consecutive patients were included who met the presented criteria for SWM surgery with preoperative lumbar drain (LD) placement.
Main Outcome Measures Length of hospital stay, surgical complications, and extent of resection.
Results We have developed the following criteria for LD placement in patients with SWMs such that LDs are preoperatively placed in patients with tumors with one or more of the following criteria: (1) medial location along the sphenoid wing, (2) vascular encasement resulting in obliteration of the optic carotid cistern and/or proximal sylvian fissure, and/or (3) the presence of associated edema. CSF release, after craniotomy and sphenoid wing removal, allowed for optimization of exposure, leading to the maximal safe extent of tumor resection without brain retraction or any complications.
Conclusions Preoperative LD placement is effective in allowing for maximal extent of resection of SWMs and may be considered in cases where local CSF release is not possible. This technique is useful in those tumors located more medially, with encasement of the vasculature and/or associated with edema.
Laboratory Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease (VWD): Geographical Perspectives
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Pasalic Leonardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstractvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is reportedly the most common inherited bleeding disorder, and can also arise as an acquired (von Willebrand) syndrome (AVWS). The hemostasis laboratory plays a key role in the diagnosis or exclusion of VWD/AVWS, which may otherwise be suspected due to the patient's clinical (bleeding) history. VWD/AVWS arise from deficiency and/or defects in the adhesive plasma protein, von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWF undertakes various roles within hemostasis, but principally acts within primary hemostasis to anchor platelets to sites of vascular damage, thereby facilitating thrombus formation to arrest bleeding. The diagnosis or exclusion of VWD/AVWS requires laboratory testing for both VWF level and activity, with the latter potentially comprising several of a potential plethora of different assays. Complete diagnosis of VWD also requires the differentiation of VWD type, with six types comprising the current classification (i.e., qualitative [types 2A, 2B, 2M, 2N VWD] vs. quantitative [types 1 and 3 VWD] deficiency/defects). Although appropriate diagnosis and type classification hold important therapeutic consequences, these remain problematic and sometimes elusive for some laboratories to achieve. This report reviews the laboratory aided diagnosis or exclusion of VWD from a geographic perspective, and focuses on the disparities of approaches and methods in different regions of the world. This is primarily done from the perspective of data available from published reports related to external quality assessment (or proficiency testing) from different geographic localities. Moreover, differences in approaches between laboratories may arise due to differential adherence of particular guidelines, as well as regulatory aspects and predominance of local manufacturers and suppliers.
Exposure of Ophthalmology Residents to Cornea and Keratorefractive Surgeries in the United States
Authors: Tsou Brittany C. , Eller Zachary M. , Fliotsos Michael J. , Qiu Mary , Zafar Sidra , Srikumaran Divya , Bower Kraig , Woreta Fasika A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose To describe the cornea and keratorefractive surgeries experience of U.S. ophthalmology residents.
Methods Deidentified case logs of residents graduating in 2018 were collected from ophthalmology residency program directors in the United States. Using Current Procedure Terminology codes, case logs were reviewed in the categories of cornea and keratorefractive surgeries. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education national graduating resident surgical case logs on cornea procedures published from 2010 to 2020 were also analyzed.
Results Case logs were received for 152/488 (31.1%) residents from 36/115 (31.3%) ophthalmology residency programs. The most common procedures logged by residents as primary surgeons were pterygium removal (4.3 ± 4.2) and keratorefractive surgeries (3.6 ± 6.2). Residents logged an average of 2.4 keratoplasties as primary surgeon, performing an average of 1.4 penetrating keratoplasties (PKs) and 0.8 endothelial keratoplasties (EKs). As assistants, the most common procedures logged were keratorefractive surgeries (6.1 ± 4.9), EKs (3.8 ± 3.3), and PKs (3.5 ± 2.3). Medium or large residency class size was associated with higher cornea procedural volumes (odds ratio: 8.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–75.6; p < 0.05).
Conclusion The most common cornea surgeries performed by residents include keratoplasty, keratorefractive, and pterygium procedures. Larger program size was associated with greater relative cornea surgery volume. More specific guidelines for logging of procedures could provide a more accurate assessment of resident exposure to critical techniques such as suturing as well as reflect trends in current practice such as the overall increase in EKs.
Postoperative Pain, Analgesic Choices, and Ileus: A Snapshot from a Teaching Hospital in a Developing Country
Authors: Al-Jasim Ameer , Aldujaili Alaa A. , Al-Abbasi Ghaith , Al-Abbasi Hasan , Al-Sahee Saif 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Pain relief can be achieved by diversity of methods with analgesics being the basic form of treatment. Analgesic safety and clinical effectiveness are the core factors in determining the analgesic of choice. One adverse effect of concern with opioids is the postoperative ileus (POI).
Objective In this study, we looked at the severity of postoperative pain, the type of analgesics used to control the pain, and the incidence of POI at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. We hypothesized that we would find an association between the type of analgesia used and POI.
Methods This observational study was conducted among 100 patients who were residents at the general surgery wards of Baghdad Teaching Hospital. A structured questionnaire was employed focusing on types of analgesics, degree of pain control, and the presence of ileus.
Results Sixty-nine percent of patients received a combination of opioids and nonopioids. Moderate-to-severe pain was the most commonly reported category on pain scales. More than half of the patients (57%) were found to have POI during their hospital stay and there was a statistically significant association between the type of analgesia and POI development (p=0.001).
Conclusions A mix of analgesics (opioids and nonopioids) was the most common regimen at our center. The majority of the surgical inpatients reported having moderate-to-severe pain on both pain scales used in this study. Ileus incidence following abdominal surgeries (61%) was significantly higher than the reported incidence worldwide (10–30%). Postoperative ileus has multifactorial causes, one of which is the use of opioids for pain control. Considering the high incidence of ileus in our center and the association we found between the use of opioids and ileus, further studies should look at the doses of opioids used and whether alternative analgesic methods might result in less ileus.
Migration of Distal End of VP Shunt into the Scrotum: A Management Review
Authors: Taha Mahmoud M. , Almenshawy Hassan A. , Ezzat Mohammad , Elbadawy Mohamed Kh. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVentriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt is the typical and most common procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Many complications have been associated with VP shunts, migration of the distal end of the VP tube into the scrotum is a rare one. We report the presentation and management of a case of 3 month age infant who had scrotal swelling primarily diagnosed as hydrocele. Investigations proved the presence of shunt migration. The possibility of shunt migration should be considered. Early diagnosis and management of such complications is easy and can prevent subsequent serious sequelae.
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Prothrombin Time Mixing Studies: Current State of the Art
Authors: Adcock Dorothy M. , Moore Gary W. , Montalvão Silmara de Lima , Kershaw Geoffrey , Gosselin Robert C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMixing studies have long been in the clinical laboratory armamentarium for investigating unexpected, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or prothrombin time (PT). The purpose of the mixing study is to identify whether the aPTT/PT prolongation is secondary to a factor deficiency versus an inhibitor, which would present as a “corrected” and “noncorrected” mixing study, respectively. The differentiation between a factor deficiency and inhibitor may likely further direct clinical decisions, including additional diagnostic testing or factor replacement therapy. While aPTT/PT mixing studies are simple tests to perform, there is a lack of standardization for both the testing protocol and the interpretation of what is considered to be a corrected or noncorrected mixing study result. This review will describe the common indications for the mixing test, preanalytic variables that may affect mixing study performance, and describe several methods for interpreting the results of aPTT and PT mixing tests.
Accuracy Assessment of Outpatient Telemedicine Encounters at an Academic Ophthalmology Department
Authors: Schempf Tadhg , Kalra Gagan , Commiskey Patrick W. , Bowers Eve M. , Davis Amani , Waxman Evan L. , Fu Roxana , Williams Andrew M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose We assess the clinical accuracy of direct-to-patient real-time outpatient video visit encounters at our eye center.
Design This was a retrospective longitudinal study.
Subjects and Methods Patients who completed a video visit over a 3-week period between March and April 2020 were included. Accuracy assessment was determined by comparing diagnosis and management from the video visit with subsequent in-person follow-up over the next year.
Results A total of 210 patients (mean age 55±18 years) were included, of whom 172 (82%) were recommended a scheduled in-person follow-up encounter after their video visit. Among the 141 total patients who completed in-person follow-up, 137 (97%) had a diagnostic agreement between telemedicine and in-person evaluation. Management plan agreed for 116 (82%), with the remainder of visits either escalating or deescalating treatment upon in-person follow-up with little substantive change. Compared with established patients, new patients had higher diagnostic disagreement following video visits (12 vs. 1%, p=0.014). Acute visits trended toward more diagnostic disagreement compared with routine visits (6 vs. 1%, p=0.28) but had a similar rate of management change on follow-up (21 vs. 16%, p=0.48). New patients were more likely to have early unplanned follow-up than established patients (17 vs. 5%, p=0.029), and acute video visits were associated with unplanned early in-person assessments compared with routine video visits (13 vs. 3%, p=0.027). There were no serious adverse events associated with the use of our telemedicine program in the outpatient setting.
Conclusions Video visits had high diagnostic and management agreement with subsequent in-person follow-up encounters.
Classification and Stratification of Pulmonary Embolisms
Authors: Russell Cody , Keshavamurthy Suresh , Saha Sibu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPulmonary embolism remains a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. Presentation and outcomes are variable among patients and require rapid risk stratification for assessment and prognosis, as well as selection of appropriate treatment. Over the past several decades, several different models and parameters have become available to assess risk and classify pulmonary embolism into different risk categories. Some patients may be candidates for early discharge or complete outpatient treatment, while some may require invasive diagnostics and intensive monitoring. In this review, we summarize contemporary guidelines and methods for classification and risk stratification in an effort to provide tools for physicians to use in their management of patients with acute pulmonary embolisms.
Spin and alignment effects in O2 chemisorption on Fe(110), Ni(111), and Co(0001) films grown on W(110)
Authors: Kurahashi Mitsunori 
Published: September 2022

O2 has a spin triplet multiplicity in its ground state, while the effect of its electron spin on O2-surface interaction is not well understood. In this study, the spin and/or alignment effects in O2 chemisorption on surfaces of Fe(110), Ni(111), and Co(0001) films grown on W(110) have been investigated with the use of a single spin-rotational state-selected O2 beam. The results indicate that the spin effects for the Fe and Ni films are similar in that the initial sticking probability (S0) of O2 is higher when the spins of O2 and the film are antiparallel, and the spin dependence in S0, which amounts to 30%–40% at thermal energy, decays with increasing the O2 kinetic energy (E0). In the case of the Fe/O2 system, however, considerable spin dependence was found to remain even at E0 &gt; 0.2 eV and on the oxidized surface. It has also been shown that the barrier for O2 chemisorption increases in the order of Fe(110) &lt; Ni(111) &lt; Co(0001), and the difference in the observed alignment effect among the samples can be understood based on the difference in the barrier.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Sn-113 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 113Sn to include the 2017 result of the LNE-LNHB (France)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Fréchou C , Lépy M-C 
Published: September 2022

Main text
Since 1975, 7 laboratories have submitted 13 samples of 113Sn to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Sn-113. Recently, the LNE-LNHB (France) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated to take account of the change of the 113Sn half-life value used for the SIR. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Notes on peculiarities of quantum fields in space–times with horizons
Authors: Bazarov K V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We consider a massive scalar field theory on static four-dimensional space–times with horizons. We study the near horizon behavior of the quantum expectation values of the stress–energy tensor (SET) operator for the thermal states with arbitrary temperatures. It turns out that the dependence of the expectation values on the temperature and tensor structure of the SET are different from the usual ones in the Minkowski space–time. Moreover, for non-canonical temperatures these expectation values are divergent on the horizons. We also show that the Wightman functions have additional infrared peculiarities near the horizons.
A method of performance enhancement for piezoresistive pressure sensors through diaphragm size design
Authors: Tang Xiaotian , Li Ting , Shang Haiping , Wan Xingxing , Wang Weibing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensitivity and nonlinearity are two of the most basic and important properties of microelectromechanical systems piezoresistive pressure sensors. In this paper, we proposed a simple method to enhance sensor performance by changing the diaphragm size, which can improve both sensitivity and linearity. To obtain close sensitivity for different diaphragms, we first fixed the ratio of the edge length to the thickness of the diaphragm. Then, the relationship between sensitivity, linearity, and diaphragm size was established by calculation, and the simulation was carried out using ANSYS. We found that both sensitivity and linearity increased with an increase in the diaphragm side length. In addition, we designed and fabricated two pressure sensors with square diaphragms in the range of 30 MPa. They have the same length-to-thickness ratio of 3.33, and the edge lengths of the diaphragms are 346 μm and 599 μm, respectively. The test results showed that the device with a larger edge length had higher sensitivity and lower nonlinearity, which is consistent with the conclusion above. Therefore, increasing the diaphragm size may be an easy and practical way to improve the performance of the pressure sensors.
Dipoles in blackbody radiation: momentum fluctuations, decoherence, and drag force
Authors: Sinha Kanu , Milonni Peter W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An expression is derived for the momentum diffusion constant due to photon scattering of a small polarizable particle in blackbody radiation, and is shown to be related to the long-wavelength collisional decoherence rate for such a particle in a thermal environment. We show how this diffusion constant appears in the steady-state photon emission rate of two dipoles induced by blackbody radiation. We consider in addition the Einstein–Hopf drag force on a small polarizable particle moving in a blackbody field, and derive its relativistic form from the Lorentz transformation of forces. We obtain an expression for the rate of change of the field energy density associated with changes in the particles’ kinetic energies and relate it to the Kompaneets equation for the case of Compton scattering by thermalized electrons.