bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-Beat: a low-cost breath monitoring approach for people in quarantine during the pandemic
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Muralidharan Shapna , Ko Heedong , Yoo Byounghyun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to COVID-19, people have to adapt to the new lifestyle until scientists develop a permanent solution for this pandemic. Monitoring the respiration rate is very important for a COVID-infected person because the Coronavirus infects the pulmonary system of the person. Two problems that arise while monitoring the breath rate are: sensors are contact based and expensive for mass deployment. A conventional wearable breath rate monitoring system burdens the COVID-affected patient and exposes the caregivers to possible transmission. A contactless low-cost breath monitoring system is required, which monitors and records the breath rate continuously. This paper proposes a breath rate monitoring system called COVID-Beat, a wireless, low-cost, and contactless Wi-Fi-based continuous breath monitoring system. This sensor is developed using off-the-shelf commonly available embedded Internet of Thing device ESP32, and the performance is validated by conducting extensive experimentation. The breath rate is estimated by extracting the channel state information of the subcarriers. The system estimates the breath rate with a maximum accuracy of 99% and a minimum accuracy of 91%, achieved by advanced subcarrier selection and fusion method. The experimental results show superior performance over the existing breath rate monitoring technologies.
Ethics-by-design: efficient, fair and inclusive resource allocation using machine learning
Authors: Papalexopoulos Theodore P , Bertsimas Dimitris , Cohen I Glenn , Goff Rebecca R , Stewart Darren E , Trichakis Nikolaos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The distribution of crucial medical goods and services in conditions of scarcity is among the most important, albeit contested, areas of public policy development. Policymakers must strike a balance between multiple efficiency and fairness objectives, while reconciling disparate value judgments from a diverse set of stakeholders. We present a general framework for combining ethical theory, data modeling, and stakeholder input in this process and illustrate through a case study on designing organ transplant allocation policies. We develop a novel analytical tool, based on machine learning and optimization, designed to facilitate efficient and wide-ranging exploration of policy outcomes across multiple objectives. Such a tool enables all stakeholders, regardless of their technical expertise, to more effectively engage in the policymaking process by developing evidence-based value judgments based on relevant tradeoffs.
Mitral regurgitation indirectly caused by giant left atrial myxoma: a case report
Authors: Nagatomi Shuji , Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Tateishi Naoki , Toyokawa Kenji , Mukaihara Kosuke , Soga Yoshiharu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cardiac myxoma is a benign primary cardiac tumor. Herein, we report a case of mitral regurgitation due to annular dilatation caused by giant left atrial myxoma. The transthoracic echocardiogram performed in a 65-year-old man who suffered from worsening exertional dyspnea detected a large mass of 81 × 31 mm in the left atrium, causing functional severe mitral stenosis. Radical mass resection was performed. After removal of the aortic clamp, an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram revealed moderate mitral regurgitation due to annulus dilatation. Mitral annuloplasty was performed, and mitral regurgitation was controlled. The mass was diagnosed as myxoma histologically. A large myxoma that affects mitral annulus dilatation is rarely reported. Mitral regurgitation may be masked by the presence of a large myxoma. Therefore, it should be carefully evaluated after resection, and mitral annuloplasty should be considered in the presence of significant mitral regurgitation due to mechanical annulus dilatation caused by myxoma.
Tumour necrosis factor-α as a prognostic biomarker of severe malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mahittikorn Aongart , Mala Wanida , Srisuphanunt Mayuna , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Wilairatana Polrat , Kotepui Manas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels are reportedly altered during malaria. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to collect and compare data on TNF-α levels between patients with malaria of varying severity and healthy asymptomatic positive controls.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies that reported TNF-α levels in malaria cases of different severity and healthy asymptomatic positive controls using a combination of search terms. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. To compare the TNF-α levels among fatal cases, severe cases, uncomplicated cases and healthy asymptomatic positive controls, we applied the random-effects model that assumed the existence of variations between studies. The effect estimate was pooled mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
From 1694 studies, we included 31 studies that met our eligibility criteria for systematic review and meta-analysis. Patients with severe malaria showed higher mean TNF-α levels than those with uncomplicated malaria (P &lt; 0.001, pooled MD = 79.02 pg/ml, 95% CI: 63.68–94.35 pg/ml, I2: 99.5%, n = 26 studies). Furthermore, fatal cases had no difference in the mean TNF-α levels in comparison with survived cases (P = 0.055, pooled MD = 82.38 pg/ml, 95% CI: −1.93 to 166.69 pg/ml, I2: 99.54%, n = 5 studies). Finally, patients with uncomplicated malaria showed higher mean TNF-α levels than those with asymptomatic malaria (P &lt; 0.001, pooled MD = 45.10 pg/ml, 95% CI: 18.45–71.76 pg/ml, I2: 97.09%, n = 5 studies).

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed the increase of TNF-α levels in patients with severe malaria. Therefore, TNF-α may be alternatively used as a prognostic biomarker of severe malaria.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
The European Green Deal and nephrology: a call for action by the European Kidney Health Alliance
Authors: Vanholder Raymond , Agar John , Braks Marion , Gallego Daniel , Gerritsen Karin G F , Harber Mark , Noruisiene Edita , Pancirova Jitka , Piccoli Giorgina B , Stamatialis Dimitrios , Wieringa Fokko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe world faces a dramatic man-made ecologic disaster and healthcare is a crucial part of this problem. Compared with other therapeutic areas, nephrology care, and especially dialysis, creates an excessive burden via water consumption, greenhouse gas emission and waste production. In this advocacy article from the European Kidney Health Alliance we describe the mutual impact of climate change on kidney health and kidney care on ecology. We propose an array of measures as potential solutions related to the prevention of kidney disease, kidney transplantation and green dialysis. For dialysis, several proactive suggestions are made, especially by lowering water consumption, implementing energy-neutral policies, waste triage and recycling of materials. These include original proposals such as dialysate regeneration, dialysate flow reduction, water distillation systems for dialysate production, heat pumps for unit climatization, heat exchangers for dialysate warming, biodegradable and bio-based polymers, alternative power sources, repurposing of plastic waste (e.g. incorporation in concrete), registration systems of ecologic burden and platforms to exchange ecologic best practices. We also discuss how the European Green Deal offers real potential for supporting and galvanizing these urgent environmental changes. Finally, we formulate recommendations to professionals, manufacturers, providers and policymakers on how this correction can be achieved.
Small cell lung cancer recurring in the retina
Authors: Marks Sam , Woods Brian , Higgins Michaela , Connell Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Intraocular metastases are rare, usually isolating to the uveal tract. Retinal metastases are less common still, presenting a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This case observes a 66-year-old female ex-smoker presenting with unilateral painful vision loss 2 months from completion of definitive chemoradiotherapy for early-stage small cell lung cancer. A retinal lesion was discovered on examination and initially treated as viral retinitis without improvement. Two vitrectomy procedures were unable to confirm the diagnosis. Eventual retinal biopsy under general anaesthesia confirmed small cell lung cancer oligometastasis (7 months from completion of definitive chemoradiotherapy), without evidence of other sites of disease on imaging. She received local radiation to retina with resolution of eye pain. She eventually developed intrathoracic relapse of disease and was treated with palliative chemotherapy (14 months from completion of definitive chemoradiotherapy).
Vasospasm-induced ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a premenopausal woman with endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Takase Bonpei , Kobayashi Yukie , Sasaki Natsuko , Hayashi Katsumi , Hisada Tetsuya , Sakurada Masami , Masaki Nobuyuki , Nagata Masayoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can be caused by coronary artery vasospasm (VSA) due to endothelial dysfunction. However, the clinical role of endothelial function tests in VSA-induced STEMI is not fully understood. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman with atypical chest pain and no coronary risk factors. STEMI caused by VSA was diagnosed. Flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and EndPAT tests were performed; the FMD and reactive hyperaemia index were 3.8% and 1.23, respectively. Endothelial dysfunction is the putative cause of STEMI. FMD and EndPAT tests might be useful for predicting adverse outcomes in young premenopausal women with VSA.
Longitudinal changes in an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule with coexisting follicular thyroid carcinoma over 14 years
Authors: Uchida Taisuke , Yamaguchi Hideki , Kawabata Takayuki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Kawano Fumiaki , Shimoda Kazuya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present a female patient with autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) and coexisting follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). At age 21, a left thyroid nodule was incidentally detected on computer tomography (CT) scan. At age 33, she had cervical compression and CT showed the left thyroid nodule had increased in size from 13 to 27 mm. Laboratory investigation showed subclinical hyperthyroidism with positive for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and normal level of serum thyroglobulin. Repeated fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosed with follicular neoplasm with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. At age 35, she presented with palpitations due to overt hyperthyroidism. The left thyroid nodule increased in diameter to 33 mm, and thyroid scintigraphy showed elevated uptake in the left thyroid nodule, indicating an AFTN. Thyroidectomy was performed, and the left thyroid nodule was pathologically diagnosed with FTC with capsular invasion. In this case, the longitudinal increase in AFTN size suggested FTC and led to thyroidectomy.
Evidence for a Single Large Igneous Province at 2.11 Ga across Supercraton Superia
Authors: Davey Sarah C , Bleeker Wouter , Kamo Sandra L , Ernst Richard E , Cousens Brian L , Vuollo Jouni , Huhma Hannu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Superia supercraton palaeogeographic reconstruction (c. 2.65–2.00 Ga) is predominantly based on the shared large igneous province (LIP) record of the Superior, Hearne, Wyoming, and Karelia-Kola Archaean cratons. Palaeogeographic reconstruction relies on U–Pb geochronology (i.e. magmatic barcodes), palaeolatitudes from palaeomagnetic studies, and geometry of mafic dyke swarms as part of LIPs, as well as similarities in cover stratigraphy and/or basement geology. If contemporaneous mafic units from these cratons are indeed fragments of the same LIP, then integration of their chemistry can provide insight into the overall LIP plumbing system.
A geochemical evaluation of whole-rock major and trace elements, and Nd isotopes, is presented for c. 2.11 Ga mafic units from the Marathon dykes (Superior), Griffin gabbro sills and Kazan dykes (Hearne), Bear Mountain dykes (Wyoming), and Tohmajärvi-Pirtguba dykes, Misi gabbro sills, and Oravaara and Hirsimaa volcanic rocks (Karelia-Kola). These units include the Nieminen dyke, Western Karelia, for which we present a new U–Pb CA-ID-TIMS date of 2114.4 ± 3.0 Ma.
Four geochemical groups are identified: Groups 1 (mid-ocean ridge basalt-like; in Karelia) and 2 (within plate basalt; in Hearne, Wyoming, and Karelia) are distinct end-members of upper mantle and plume melts, respectively; Group 3 (in Superior, Wyoming, and Karelia) is a hybrid of Groups 1 and 2; and Group 4 (in all cratons) formed by assimilation and fractional crystallisation of Groups 1, 2, and 3.
We present a model of the LIP plumbing system and define three magmatic stages by combining our geochemical interpretations with existing geochronology. The early stage (2135–2130 Ma) is limited to Group 1 dykes. The middle stage (2130–2113 Ma) includes Groups 1, 3, and 4. Onset of the late stage (2113–2101 Ma) is marked by the introduction of Group 2 but Groups 1 and 4 are also abundant. Finally, with our integrated tectonic and geochemical model, we discuss the mineralisation potential and prospectivity of the entire c. 2.11 Ga magmatic system.
Natural variation meets synthetic biology: Promiscuous trichome-expressed acyltransferases from Nicotiana
Authors: Schenck Craig A , Anthony Thilani M , Jacobs MacKenzie , Jones A Daniel , Last Robert L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Acylsugars are defensive, trichome-synthesized sugar esters produced in plants across the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. Although assembled from simple metabolites and synthesized by a relatively short core biosynthetic pathway, tremendous within- and across-species acylsugar structural variation is documented across the family. To advance our understanding of the diversity and the synthesis of acylsugars within the Nicotiana genus, trichome extracts were profiled across the genus coupled with transcriptomics-guided enzyme discovery and in vivo and in vitro analysis. Differences in the types of sugar cores, numbers of acylations, and acyl chain structures contributed to over 300 unique annotated acylsugars throughout Nicotiana. Placement of acyl chain length into a phylogenetic context revealed that an unsaturated acyl chain type was detected in a few closely related species. A comparative transcriptomics approach identified trichome-enriched Nicotiana acuminata acylsugar biosynthetic candidate enzymes. More than 25 acylsugar variants could be produced in a single enzyme assay with four N. acuminata acylsugar acyltransferases (NacASAT1–4) together with structurally diverse acyl-CoAs and sucrose. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry screening of in vitro products revealed the ability of these enzymes to make acylsugars not present in Nicotiana plant extracts. In vitro acylsugar production also provided insights into acyltransferase acyl donor promiscuity and acyl acceptor specificity as well as regiospecificity of some ASATs. This study suggests that promiscuous Nicotiana acyltransferases can be used as synthetic biology tools to produce novel and potentially useful metabolites.
Injectable Biologics for Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bies Michael , Ashmore Zachary , Qu Wenchun , Hunt Christine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Neuropathic pain is a complex condition that can be refractory to conventional management and can cause persistent suffering in patients. Current pharmacologic treatments can provide temporary symptomatic relief; however, the mechanism of these therapies does not address the underlying cause of neuropathic pain. The use of injectable biologics for neuropathic pain has multiple proposed mechanisms for analgesia including attenuation of inflammatory mediated processes, arrest or delay of the degenerative process, inhibition of apoptotic pathways, and augmentation of the survival and recovery of injured and uninjured nerves.

Study Design
A systematic review of human studies involving the use of injectable biologics for neuropathic pain.

Methods
A comprehensive search of several data bases including Ovid MEDLINE ® and Epub Ahead of Print, In Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, and Ovid Embase from inception to November 24, 2020.

Results
The initial search yielded 3,450 studies with an additional 6 studies identified through other resources. Twenty-seven studies were included after independent review by two of the investigators. The included studies assessed the efficacy of injectable biologics for the treatment of neuropathic pain defined as pain reduction. Secondary outcome measures included functional improvement as well as safety of the procedures. A qualitative assessment of the literature without meta-analysis was performed due to the heterogeneity of the data.

Conclusion
According to the GRADE criteria, there is very low certainty of evidence in support of the efficacy of injectable biologics for treatment of neuropathic pain. Future efforts should focus on creating a standardized methodology and study design with respect to preparation, dosage and route of administration of biologics. This will serve as a catalyst for higher quality randomized trials with generation of more useful data to help drive informed clinical decision making.
The Burden of National Debt: Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Dissanayake Ruchith , Wu Yanhui , Zhang Huizhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Increases in government debt are associated with a reduction in the yield spread between high-grade corporate bonds and long-term Treasuries and an increase in fiscal uncertainty. Consequently, increases in government debt significantly reduce the firm’s likelihood of acquisition. The effect is stronger among firms whose debt is a closer substitute for Treasuries and firms with greater exposure to fiscal uncertainty. A positive change in government debt motivates acquirers to avoid cash financing or more irreversible deals. The average deal quality is lower during periods of rising public debt, consistent with heightened fiscal uncertainty impeding monitoring and fostering “bad” deals. (JEL D80, E22, E62, G18, G34, G38).
Decolonizing Britain: An Exchange
Authors: Linstrum Erik , Ward Stuart , Ogle Vanessa , Nasar Saima , Gopal Priyamvada 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Beginning in January 2021, Twentieth Century British History asked a group of scholars to reflect on what decolonization means to the field of British history. Twentieth Century British History co-editor Erik Linstrum (University of Virginia) posed questions over email for three rounds of discussion which concluded in December 2021. Stuart Ward (University of Copenhagen), Vanessa Ogle (University of California, Berkeley), and Saima Nasar (University of Bristol) took part. Priyamvada Gopal (Cambridge University) offered a final comment from the perspective of postcolonial studies. Contributions have been lightly edited but the relatively conversational style and flow of ideas in the original exchange have been preserved.
Examining unobserved factors associated with red light running in Vietnam: A latent class model analysis
Authors: Chu Tien Dung , Miwa Tomio , Bui Tuan Anh , Nguyen Quang Phuc , Vu Quang Huy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Red-light running (RLR) is a crucial violation that causes traffic accidents and injuries. Understanding factors that affect RLR is very significant to reduce the potential of this violation. Current studies have paid considerable attention to the observable factors, but not to unobservable factors. This study aims to examine the effects of observable and unobservable factors on RLR. This study uses a latent class model (LCM) to assign individuals into two classes—red-light-respectful and red-light-disrespectful road users—by surveying 751 respondents who use private transportation modes. This study incorporates psychological determinants into the LCM to account for unobservable factors. The contribution of this study is the in-depth investigation into law-respectful and law-disrespectful behaviours and intentional and unintentional violators. Such a study has not yet been conducted in the existing literature. In addition, a comprehensive comparison of the LCM and a traditional ordered probit model was conducted. Overall, the results suggest that the LCM is superior to the model that does not consider latent classes. Our estimation results are in alignment with previous studies on RLR: males, younger drivers/riders, less educated road users and motorcyclists are more likely to run red lights. An analysis of the latent variables shows that surrounding conditions—the behaviour of other violators, the absence of traffic police, and long waiting times—increase the possibility of violations. Based on these results, we provide suggestions to policymakers and traffic engineers: the implementation of enforcement cameras and penalties for violators are critical countermeasures to minimize the potential of RLR.
Assessing Chest Pain
Authors: Cutugno Christine 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT:
Revised guidelines by a joint committee of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association have been released to improve early identification and management of chest pain. Clinical goals of the guidelines are to identify life-threatening causes of chest pain, determine a patient's clinical stability, and assess whether the patient needs to be hospitalized or can safely be treated on an outpatient basis. For patients who don't require immediate intervention, risk stratification assessment and following clinical decision pathways are recommended.