bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging for staging Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children and young adults
Authors: Perrone Anna , Lakatos Karoly , Pegoraro Francesco , Trambusti Irene , Fotzi Ilaria , Selvi Valeria , Prosch Helmut , Sertorio Fiammetta , Pötschger Ulrike , Favre Claudio , Conte Massimo , Minkov Milen , Sieni Elena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionRadiographic skeletal survey (R‐SS) is the standard imaging technique for the initial staging of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WB‐MRI) has been proposed as an effective, radiation‐free alternative.MethodsWe prospectively assessed patients with LCH followed at three tertiary centers in Italy and Austria. Two national study protocols were independently designed, and data were then pooled to increase the power of their findings. R‐SS and WB‐MRI were performed at diagnosis and repeated at the follow‐up to confirm the nature of the identified lesions and to study their evolution.ResultsData from 67 patients were analyzed (52 from Italy and 15 from Austria). Compared to R‐SS, WB‐MRI identified 29 additional skeletal lesions in 14 patients (including two false‐positive lesions). Two skeletal lesions were detected at R‐SS and missed at WB‐MRI (false negative). Per‐lesion sensitivity rates were 78.6% (95% CI: 71.0–85.9) for R‐SS and 98.4% (95% CI: 94.4–99.8) for WB‐MRI, respectively. Based on WB‐MRI findings, six patients would have been upstaged to a higher risk class than staging with R‐SS.ConclusionsWB‐MRI had a significantly higher detection rate for skeletal lesions compared to R‐SS. Clinical and radiology expertise is required to avoid upstaging and overtreatment.
Development of a low‐cost volumetric additive manufacturing printer using less viscous commercial resins
Authors: Pazhamannil Ribin Varghese , Hadidi Haitham M. , Puthumana Govindan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe technological development of the 3D printing industry has been tremendous starting from stereolithography in the 1980 s. Low throughput and surface quality had been the major obstacles to this technology, which offers very limited constraints to the geometrical shapes. In this work, we designed a low‐cost volumetric 3D printer that, unlike traditional 3D printers, polymerizes the whole geometry within the revolving resin container. Optimized projections needed for the polymerization of target objects were developed in MATLAB R2020b using the concepts of tomographic reconstruction. The rotation of the resin container and the projections rate were matched to develop the target geometries after the oxygen depletion. Commercially available low viscous Anycubic plant‐based resins were used as the printing material. 3D objects of centimeter scale could be manufactured in 30 seconds with extremely low surface roughness in the sub‐micron range. The dimensional deviation of final components from the CAD model was found to be within 5%. The over‐printing on existing solid structures was successfully experimented with and thus opens the way for future developments. Commercialization of volumetric 3D printers would result in mass production of complex customer‐specific functional components which in turn boosts the manufacturing sector significantly.
Normative data for the LPFS‐BF 2.0 derived from the Danish general population and relationship with psychosocial impairment
Authors: Weekers Laura C. , Sellbom Martin , Hutsebaut Joost , Simonsen Sebastian , Bach Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Level of Personality Functioning Scale–Brief Form 2.0 is a frequently used self‐report inventory that may be used to screen for self‐ and interpersonal dysfunction according to the DSM‐5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) and the ICD‐11 Classification of Personality Disorders. Nevertheless, reliable norms and cut‐off scores to aid interpretation and clinical decision making are still lacking. The LPFS‐BF and relevant impairment measures were administered to a sociodemographically stratisfied sample of 2,002 adults from the general Danish population of whom 713 individuals eventually delivered data for inclusion in the present study. The unidimensionality of the LPFS‐BF scores was established using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Item‐Response Theory (IRT) analysis indicated satisfactory item functioning for all 12 items and suggested normative observed score thresholds at different latent severity levels. Meaningful associations were found between the LPFS‐BF norm‐based cut‐off scores, quality of life, and social and occupational functioning. This study presented the first normative data for LPFS‐BF, which specifically applies to Denmark but likely also other socioeconomically comparable Nordic and Western societies. These results allow for interpretation of LPFS‐BF scores and clinical decision‐making. Future research should corroborate these findings and compare them to scores obtained in other general population samples.
Research progress in protein microarrays: Focussing on cancer research
Authors: Chen Guang , Yang Lina , Liu Guoxiang , Zhu Yunfan , Yang Fanghao , Dong Xiaolei , Xu Fenghua , Zhu Feng , Cao Can , Zhong Di , Li Shuang , Zhang Huhu , Li Bing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough several effective treatment modalities have been developed for cancers, the morbidity and mortality associated with cancer continues to increase every year. As one of the most exciting emerging technologies, protein microarrays represent a powerful tool in the field of cancer research because of their advantages such as high throughput, small sample usage, more flexibility, high sensitivity and direct readout of results. In this review, we focus on the research progress in four types of protein microarrays (proteome microarray, antibody microarray, lectin microarray and reversed protein array) with emphasis on their application in cancer research. Finally, we discuss the current challenges faced by protein microarrays and directions for future developments. We firmly believe that this novel systems biology research tool holds immense potential in cancer research and will become an irreplaceable tool in this field.
Comparative analysis of PD‐1 target engagement of dostarlimab and pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumors using ex vivo IL‐2 stimulation data
Authors: Austin Daren , Melhem Murad , Gandhi Yash , Lu Sharon , Visser Sandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDostarlimab (JEMPERLI) is an anti‐programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for patients with recurrent/advanced mismatch repair‐deficient solid tumors, including endometrial cancer, following progression on prior treatment, with approval based on data from the phase I GARNET trial. To support dostarlimab dose regimen recommendations, we estimated and compared the potency of dostarlimab relative to anti–PD‐1 mAb pembrolizumab using both data published from the KEYNOTE‐001 trial of pembrolizumab and data from the GARNET trial. PD‐1 target engagement was assessed ex vivo in blood samples via a super antigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulation assay and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) stimulation ratios calculated for dostarlimab. A non‐linear mixed‐effect sigmoid maximum effect inhibitory model was fitted to dostarlimab IL‐2 stimulation ratios using extracted pembrolizumab data as informative priors. The estimated half‐maximal effective concentration was 1.95 μg ml−1 (95% credibility interval: 0.21–5.87) for dostarlimab and 1.59 μg ml−1 (95% confidence interval: 0.42–6.12) for pembrolizumab. These findings suggest dostarlimab and pembrolizumab to be equipotent for peripheral PD‐1 suppression based on analysis of ex vivo IL‐2 stimulation ratios. Accounting for a three‐fold dilution between serum and tumor, a target dostarlimab trough concentration of ~54 μg ml−1 would be needed for 90% suppression in the tumor. These data support the use of dostarlimab as a potent PD‐1 suppressor and the recommended dostarlimab monotherapy dose regimen of 500 mg Q3W ×4 cycles followed by 1000 mg Q6W thereafter in recurrent/advanced solid tumors.
Regional efficacy evaluation in multi‐regional clinical trials using a discounting factor weighted Z test
Authors: Yu Xuanxuan , Cai Lixin , Yu Hao , Zhong Zihang , Yang Min , Wu Jingwei , Bai Jianling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMulti‐regional clinical trial (MRCT) is an efficient design to accelerate drug approval globally. Once the global efficacy of test drug is demonstrated, each local regulatory agency is required to prove effectiveness of test drug in their own population. Meanwhile, the ICH E5/E17 guideline recommends using data from other regions to help evaluate regional drug efficacy. However, one of the most challenges is how to manage to bridge data among multiple regions in an MRCT since various intrinsic and extrinsic factors exist among the participating regions. Furthermore, it is critical for a local agency to determine the proportion of information borrowing from other regions given the ethnic differences between target region and non‐target regions. To address these issues, we propose a discounting factor weighted Z statistic to adaptively borrow information from non‐target regions. In this weighted Z statistic, the weight is derived from a discounting factor in which the discounting factor denotes the proportion of information borrowing from non‐target regions. We consider three ways to construct discounting factors based on the degree of congruency between target and non‐target regions either using control group data, or treatment group data, or all data. We use the calibrated power prior to construct discounting factor based on scaled Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic. Comprehensive simulation studies show that our method has desirable operating characteristics. Two examples are used to illustrate the applications of our proposed approach.
Robustness in bio‐inspired visually guided multi‐agent flight and the gain modulation hypothesis
Authors: Billah Md Arif , Faruque Imraan A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAerial swarm implementations often underperform their feedback design goals due to sensor noise, modeling errors, and external disturbances, each of which can often be mitigated by including robustness in the design approach. At the same time, gain modulation has been measured in numerous insect flight examples involving relative position regulation and tracking. Gains are often lower than what initially appears optimal, which is not fully explained by existing hypotheses. This article analyzes the robustness of a visual feedback control system modeling insect flight feedback paths by using optic flow to regulate an agent's motion relative to its neighbors. This study considers the system's robustness to sensor noise and configuration deviations, which appear as a nonlinearity in the observation equation often neglected in linear feedback. The analysis indicates robust performance can be attained by a static gain controller by appropriate choice of gain. Experimental results using an optic flow swarm implementation in robotic systems are used to quantify the actual system performance for static gain controllers. Performance is compared when the system responds to ideal optic flow (no sensor noise) and to camera‐based optic flow swarm implementation (sensor noise and configuration uncertainty). [Correction added on 10 November 2022, after first online publication: the underline in the word ‘compared’ of the preceding sentence has been removed in this version.] The analysis suggests neural gain modulation in insect feedback paths may support robust group motion stabilization.
Turbulence signatures of natural river morphology in four dimensions
Authors: Trinci Giuditta , Harvey Gemma L. , Henshaw Alexander James , Bertoldi Walter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTurbulent flow in natural river channels drives geophysical processes and exerts a fundamental influence on aquatic biota. An extensive range of turbulence properties have previously been synthesized into four categories or “dimensions” with ecological relevance: intensity, periodicity, orientation and scale (IPOS). We apply this framework across three rivers with differing morphologies in order to assess the statistical coherence of the four IPOS categories within turbulence field data and their utility in discriminating between fundamental units of river habitat. Intensity, periodicity‐scale and orientation were identified as the key gradients in the turbulence data set using multivariate analysis. These gradients all revealed statistically significant differences between rivers and/or geomorphic units. The intensity gradient accounted for the highest variance and most pronounced inter‐reach differences, but the periodicity‐scale and orientation gradients were also useful in distinguishing between certain combinations of rivers and/or geomorphic units. Different turbulence gradients, or combinations of gradients, were important in characterizing differences between rivers and geomorphic units (riffes, pools, steps). The gradients provided improved prediction of geomorphic units compared to standard hydraulic variables (mean velocity, depth), although the extent of improvement in prediction varied between river morphologies. The analysis reveals the statistical coherence of the four categories or “dimensions” of turbulence in multivariate space, connects the ecologically defined IPOS categories of turbulence properties with river types and fundamental units of river habitat (geomorphic units). Turbulence signatures of natural channel morphology are expressed across all four dimensions of turbulence, providing clear evidence that these four dimensions should be routinely considered in ecohydraulics and hydromorphology research to facilitate a full understanding hydraulic habitat.
Sustainable policies for air pollution reduction after COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learnt from the impact of the different lockdown periods on air quality
Authors: Silva Ana Catarina T. , Branco Pedro T. B. S. , Ferrini Rodrigues Patricia , Sousa Sofia I. V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, governments imposed several mobility restrictions which can be used to evaluate their impact on air quality and generate better‐targeted policies to improve it. Therefore, this study aimed to define sustainable mitigation measures to reduce air pollution based on quantifying the impacts of the restrictions imposed during the COVID‐19 pandemic on air quality in Portugal. Thus, hourly concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3, CO and SO2 were obtained from the Portuguese Air Quality Monitoring Network. Data was then divided into six periods (2020–2021) and compared with the corresponding historical periods (2015–2019). Furthermore, the satellite data of NO2, CO, and absorbing aerosol index (AAI) from the sentinel‐5P TROPOMI was collected to complement the analysis conducted for the monitoring data. Overall, air quality improved in all study periods and areas, except in industrial sites. The satellite data corroborated the results herein achieved and thus validated the real effect of the measures adopted in the country during the pandemic on air quality. Sustainable policies to improve air quality could include remote (or hybrid) work whenever possible as a long‐term measure and prohibition of travelling between municipalities when an extraordinary event of high air pollution is predicted or occurs. Other policies should be adopted for industrial areas. Given this, and as the restrictive mobility measures had a strong effect on reducing air pollution, the post‐COVID era represents an opportunity for society to rethink future mobility and other emerging policies, that should favour softer and cleaner means of transportation.
Sustainable purchase intentions: The role of moral norm and social dominance orientation in the theory of planned behavior applied to the case of fair trade products
Authors: Canova Luigina , Bobbio Andrea , Manganelli Anna Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fair trade business model represents a strategy to achieve some of the sustainable development goals. The studies reported in this paper examined the intention formation process concerning the purchase of food and non‐food fair trade products. The theoretical framework is the theory of planned behavior (TPB), extended with an additional predictor, the moral norm, and an individual difference variable, the social dominance orientation (SDO). SDO is supposed to act as a background factor in the hypothesized TPB model and to be negatively associated with intention to buy fair trade products and its proximal antecedents (attitude, subjective norm, moral norm and perceived behavioral control). Considering the role of SDO within the TPB constitutes a novelty for the literature on socio‐cognitive determinants of purchase intentions. Data were supplied by two convenience samples of Italian adults and analyzed via path analysis. The test of the original TPB provided further evidence for its efficacy. Moral norm showed a significant effect on intentions and its addition to the original TPB model led to an increase in the explained variance in intentions. Overall, SDO proved to be significantly and negatively associated with the intention's antecedents and showed the expected negative indirect effects on intention, mediated by its proximal predictors and moral norm. These findings help to improve the comprehension of the socio‐psychological basis of behavioral intentions to engage in sustainable behaviors.
Activated Ni–O–Ir Enhanced Electron Transfer for Boosting Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of LaNi1‐xIrxO3
Authors: Li Jianyi , Zheng Lirong , Huang Bolong , Hu Yang , An Li , Yao Yaxiong , Lu Min , Jin Jing , Zhang Nan , Xi Pinxian , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTuning the structure of the active center of catalysts to atomic level provides the most efficient utilization of the active component, which plays an especially important role for precious metals. In this study, the liquid phase ion exchange method is used to introduce atomic Ir into LaNiO3 perovskite oxide, which shows excellent catalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The catalyst, LaNi0.96Ir0.04O3, with the optimal concentration of Ir, displays an overpotential of just 280 mV at 10 mA cm−2. The introduced Ir enriches the surface electron density significantly, which not only improves site‐to‐site electron transfer between O and Ni sites but also allows stable adsorption of the intermediates. The results of cyclic voltammetry tests reveal the superior overpotential and remarkable efficiency of the OER process because of the strong interactions in Ni–O–Ir. Moreover, the Ir atom inhibits the participation of a lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) in LaNiO3 that guarantees the stability of the catalyst in alkaline conditions. It is anticipated that this work will be instrumental for the preparation and study of a broad range of atomic metal‐doped perovskite oxides for water splitting.
Attention as a multi‐level system of weights and balances
Authors: Narhi‐Martinez William , Dube Blaire , Golomb Julie D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis opinion piece is part of a collection on the topic: “What is attention?” Despite the word's place in the common vernacular, a satisfying definition for “attention” remains elusive. Part of the challenge is there exist many different types of attention, which may or may not share common mechanisms. Here we review this literature and offer an intuitive definition that draws from aspects of prior theories and models of attention but is broad enough to recognize the various types of attention and modalities it acts upon: attention as a multi‐level system of weights and balances. While the specific mechanism(s) governing the weighting/balancing may vary across levels, the fundamental role of attention is to dynamically weigh and balance all signals—both externally‐generated and internally‐generated—such that the highest weighted signals are selected and enhanced. Top‐down, bottom‐up, and experience‐driven factors dynamically impact this balancing, and competition occurs both within and across multiple levels of processing. This idea of a multi‐level system of weights and balances is intended to incorporate both external and internal attention and capture their myriad of constantly interacting processes. We review key findings and open questions related to external attention guidance, internal attention and working memory, and broader attentional control (e.g., ongoing competition between external stimuli and internal thoughts) within the framework of this analogy. We also speculate about the implications of failures of attention in terms of weights and balances, ranging from momentary one‐off errors to clinical disorders, as well as attentional development and degradation across the lifespan.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Attention
Neuroscience > Cognition
Assessment, evaluation, and research: Balancing identity and purpose in leadership learning
Authors: DeSawal Danielle M. , Peck Adam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article will explore aspects of research, assessment, and program evaluation. The qualities of good practice related to each of these share many similarities and differences. The authors propose a framework for consistently evaluating the application of various ways of studying and improving leadership learning on both the local and global levels.
Who's in the room? Addressing representation in leadership learning research
Authors: Beatty Cameron C. , Watkins Sally R. , Vaughn Laura , Robinson Darius 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article explores who is participating in leadership learning initiatives in higher education and how they are represented in research, assessment, and evaluation. The article is useful to leadership educators because it explores who is conducting leadership research, assessment, evaluation, and scholarship (i.e., positionality)—and how these factors may influence methods and findings.
The soft tyranny of p‐values in quantitative research: New considerations for leadership researchers
Authors: Soria Krista M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, the author will discuss processes used by quantitative researchers to render judgments and decisions about the results of their statistical analyses, highlighting what “p‐values” represent and how p‐values became ubiquitous in quantitative social science research. Suggestions for alternative ways to measure the significance of quantitative outcomes in leadership research will also be offered.
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction
Authors: Stahl Bernd Carsten , Schroeder Doris , Rodrigues Rowena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the themes covered by the book. It provides an overview of the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) and some of the technologies that have contributed to the current high level of visibility of AI. It explains why using case studies is a suitable approach to engage a broader audience with an interest in AI ethics. The chapter provides a brief overview of the structure and logic of the book by indicating the content of the cases covered in each section. It concludes by identifying the concept of ethics used in this book and how it is located in the broader discussion of ethics, human rightsand regulationof AI.