bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperparameter estimation using a resolution matrix for Bayesian sensing
Authors: Kuwatani Tatsu , Hino Hideitsu , Nagata Kenji , Kawashima Takahiro , Toriumi Mitsuhiro , Okada Masato 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bayesian image processing has progressively increased in importance in various fields of the natural sciences. It utilizes prior knowledge and forward models of the observational processes through Bayes’ theorem, enabling the accurate estimation of model parameters that represent the physical quantities of the target. Moreover, using hyperparameter estimation, we can determine the hidden physical parameters that govern the processes in and the structure of the target and sensing systems, such as the spatial continuity of the model parameters and the magnitude of the observational noise. Such a general framework, which uses Bayesian estimation to understand the essential physics of a target system, can be called ‘Bayesian sensing’. This paper discusses the physical meaning of and the mechanism underlying Bayesian sensing using the concept of resolution in the spatial-inversion problem. The spatial resolution of the model parameters can be mapped using a resolution matrix, more rigorously, a model resolution matrix defined as a linear mapping from the true model parameters to the recovered model parameters. We formulate the resolution matrix for Bayesian image processing and also show that in terms of resolution, the optimal hyperparameters are obtained from internally consistent equations that connect the estimated optimal hyperparameters with the actual ones calculated from the estimated model parameters. In addition, we show the equivalence of the internally consistent equations to the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and formulate the confidence intervals for the estimated hyperparameters, which indicate the general convergence of the hyperparameter estimates. We also show the effectiveness of the proposed method by performing synthetic numerical tests for two inversion-problem settings: linear travel-time seismic tomography and image deblurring. The resulting equations can contribute to understanding the hidden physical processes in and the structure of the target and observation systems for various problems.
Rapid fabrication of microfluidic mixer chip by non-isothermal molding method based on resistance heating principle and its application in pesticide residue detection
Authors: Xu Jinghua , Xie Jiaqing , Zhang Xinyue , Pang Haoran , Sun Ruqian , Zhou Fuyang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper proposed a rapid fabrication process for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microfluidic mixer chip by non-isothermal method based on resistance heating principle, and the prepared microfluidic mixer chip was successfully applied to the portable pesticide residue detection device. Firstly, the creep test of PMMA was carried out and the six units Maxwell constitutive model was fitted by Prony series. Secondly, the resistance heating device was designed, the influence of current on heating temperature and heating time was investigated, the effect of current on energy consumption was analyzed. Thirdly, the non-isothermal molding simulation and experiment of PMMA were carried out, the quality of PMMA microfluidic mixer chip fabricated by non-isothermal molding was investigated. Finally, the microfluidic mixer chip was adopted to the designed pesticide residue detection device, and the detection sensitivity of the device is 0.0375 mol−1. The research results provide a reference for the efficient preparation of microchannels and the development of portable detection equipment.
Plasma, cancer, immunity
Authors: Bekeschus Sander , Clemen Ramona 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Albeit heavily investigated for several decades already, the importance of the immune system in targeting cancer has received wide clinical attention only in recent years. This is partly because of long-standing rather traditional concepts on tumor biology on the one hand and the complexity of the immune system and its processes on the other. The viewpoint of evaluating existing and emerging approaches in oncology based on toxicity to tumors and the ability to engage antitumor-immunity is gaining ground across several disciplines. Along those lines, cold physical plasma was suggested as potential anticancer tool more than a decade ago, but solid evidence of the immune system playing a role in plasma cancer treatment only emerged in recent years. Moreover, plasma may support cancer immunotherapies in the future. Cancer immunotherapies are systemic treatments with biologicals that were reported to synergize with existing local physical modalities before, such as radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy. This review outlines key concepts in oncology, immunology, and tumor therapy, links them to plasma research, and discusses immuno-oncological consequences. Finally, promising future clinical applications are summarized. Synoptically, first scientific evidence supports an immuno-oncological dimension of plasma cancer treatment in selected instances, but robust clinical evidence is still lacking. More basic and clinical research is needed to determine the immuno-molecular mechanisms and detailed plasma application modalities to facilitate real patient benefit in the long term.
Fano resonances generation in pyramidal lithium niobate metasurfaces with vertical symmetry-breaking
Authors: Gao Zheng , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Hongbin , Li Yanping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fano resonance exhibits an asymmetric spectral profile with a sharp change between a dip and a peak. However, high quality factor Fano resonance is extremely difficult to be fabricated because of its ultra-sensitivity to geometrical imperfections. Here, we demonstrate the Fano resonances generation in all-dielectric pyramidal lithium niobate metasurface with vertical symmetry-breaking, which does not require tight geometrical tolerances and can be easily fabricated. The quality factor of the generated Fano resonance can reach up to 107 due to the reserve of horizontal symmetry. Our work provides a new method of achieving Fano resonances, which can find potential applications in a large variety of prominent optical devices, such as slow-light devices, susceptible sensors and ultrafast switches. Due to the large electro-optic coefficient of lithium niobate and the enhanced Pockels effect in the slow photon system, it has great potential for realizing tunable Fano resonance with extremely low voltage. These tuned Fano resonances, with a low voltage, will find many applications such as high-resolution spectroscopy, biomolecular detection, and tunable laser.
Equation of state of Iridium: from insight of ensemble theory
Authors: Han Jun , Shi Li-Qun , Wang Ning , Zhang Hui-Fen , Peng Shu-Ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The equations of state (EOS) of Iridium are, for the first time, obtained by solving the high-dimension integral of partition function based on a recently developed approach of ultrahigh efficiency and precision without any artificial parameter, and the deviation of 0.25% and 1.52% from the experiments was achieved respectively for the isobaric EOS in a temperature range of 300 K–2500 K and the isothermal EOS at 300 K up to 300 GPa. Specific comparisons show that the deviation of EOS based on harmonic approximation even including anharmonic effect, manifests worse than ours by several times or even one order of magnitude, indicating that ensemble theory is the very approach to understand the thermodynamic properties of condensed matter.
Feasibility study of computational occupational dosimetry: evaluating a proof-of-concept in an endovascular and interventional cardiology setting
Authors: O’Connor U , Walsh C , Gorman D , O’Reilly G , Martin Z , Madhavan P , Murphy R T , Szirt R , Almén A , Andersson M , Camp A , Garcia V , Duch M A , Ginjaume M , Abdelrahman M , Lombardo P , Vanhavere F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Individual monitoring of radiation workers is essential to ensure compliance with legal dose limits and to ensure that doses are As Low As Reasonably Achievable. However, large uncertainties still exist in personal dosimetry and there are issues with compliance and incorrect wearing of dosimeters. The objective of the PODIUM (Personal Online Dosimetry Using Computational Methods) project was to improve personal dosimetry by an innovative approach: the development of an online dosimetry application based on computer simulations without the use of physical dosimeters. Occupational doses were calculated based on the use of camera tracking devices, flexible individualised phantoms and data from the radiation source. When combined with fast Monte Carlo simulation codes, the aim was to perform personal dosimetry in real-time. A key component of the PODIUM project was to assess and validate the methodology in interventional radiology workplaces where improvements in dosimetry are needed. This paper describes the feasibility of implementing the PODIUM approach in a clinical setting. Validation was carried out using dosimeters worn by Vascular Surgeons and Interventional Cardiologists during patient procedures at a hospital in Ireland. Our preliminary results from this feasibility study show acceptable differences of the order of 40% between calculated and measured staff doses, in terms of the personal dose equivalent quantity Hp(10), however there is a greater deviation for more complex cases and improvements are needed. The challenges of using the system in busy interventional rooms have informed the future needs and applicability of PODIUM. The availability of an online personal dosimetry application has the potential to overcome problems that arise from the use of current dosimeters. In addition, it should increase awareness of radiation protection among staff. Some limitations remain and a second phase of development would be required to bring the PODIUM method into operation in a hospital setting. However, an early prototype system has been tested in a clinical setting and the results from this two-year proof-of-concept PODIUM project are very promising for future development.
Radiological risk evaluation applied to aerial evacuation procedures in a nuclear scenario
Authors: Alves Daniel F , Stenders Ricardo M , Federico Claudio A , Andrade Edson R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates the risk assessment of a hypothetical scenario where an off-site radioactive release occurs at a nuclear power plant. By using the code Accident Reporting and Guiding Operational System (Prolog Development Center - PDC/ARGOS) a numerical simulation was performed to simulate exposure conditions in an atmospheric plume of contamination. Crews on a rescue mission traverse the plume through a pre-defined path to evaluate the risk from a hypothetical radiological exposure. Applying a sophisticated epidemiological assessment methodology, radiation doses and risks on the teams were evaluated. Core variables such as gender, age and radiation dose were considered in relation to specific morbidities. It was possible to propose a methodology capable of contributing to the reduction of risks to the personnel involved by connecting the results from the computer simulation and the epidemiological risk assessment.
A review of current inventory for major industries involving naturally occurring radioactive materials in Canada
Authors: Chen Jing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Earth materials contain radionuclides of natural origin in varying concentrations. Exposure to natural sources dominates the occupational and public exposure to ionizing radiation. Canada has one of the largest and most diverse supplies of natural resources in the world. A large quantity of material production is associated with a large quantity of waste releases to the environment. Releases from industries involving naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) can concentrate trace amounts of natural radionuclides and are often poorly characterized. This raises concerns for occupational and public health. Currently, there are data and knowledge gaps in radiological characteristics of NORM products and waste or releases to the environment. For the evaluation of occupational and public exposure to natural sources, a review of current inventory for major industries involving NORM in Canada was conducted with the objective to provide basic information on major issues, help set the priority for research needs to filling these data and knowledge gaps.
Shape reconstruction for deflectometry based on chebyshev polynomials and iteratively reweighted least squares regression
Authors: Guan Jingtian , Li Ji , Yang Xiao , Hu Xiaocai , Chen Xiaobo , Xi Juntong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeflectometry is a technique for measuring the slope data of specular surfaces, and shape reconstruction is the final process based on the measured slopes. Modal methods reconstruct surfaces with expansion polynomials. The coefficients of each polynomial mode are calculated by linear equations composed of the gradient of the polynomials and the measured slope data. Conventional approaches use ordinary least squares to solve the linear equations. However, the equations are overdetermined, and the random outliers will decrease the reconstruction accuracy. The Chebyshev polynomials are suitable for discrete slope data and can be utilized to reconstruct the surface shape in deflectometry. Hence, this paper uses 2D Chebyshev polynomials as the gradient polynomial basis set. An iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm, which iteratively calculates an additional scale factor for each data point, is applied to accomplish robust linear regression. The experiments with both synthetic and measured data prove that the proposed method is robust against noise and has higher reconstruction accuracy for shape reconstruction.
A sleeve and bulk method for fabrication of photonic structures with features on multiple length scales
Authors: Carfagno H S , McCabe L N , Zide J M O , Doty M F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Traditional photonic structures such as photonic crystals utilize (a) large arrays of small features with the same size and pitch and (b) a small number of larger features such as diffraction outcouplers. In conventional nanofabrication, separate lithography and etch steps are used for small and large features in order to employ process parameters that lead to optimal pattern transfer and side-wall profiles for each feature-size category, thereby overcoming challenges associated with reactive ion etching lag. This approach cannot be scaled to more complex photonic structures such as those emerging from inverse design protocols. Those structures include features with a large range of sizes such that no distinction between small and large can be made. We develop a sleeve and bulk etch protocol that can be employed to simultaneously pattern features over a wide range of sizes while preserving the desired pattern transfer fidelity and sidewall profiles. This approach reduces the time required to develop a robust process flow, simplifies the fabrication of devices with wider ranges of feature sizes, and enables the fabrication of devices with increasingly complex structure.
Intercalation leads to inverse layer dependence of friction on chemically doped MoS2
Authors: Acikgoz Ogulcan , Guerrero Enrique , Yanilmaz Alper , Dagdeviren Omur E , Çelebi Cem , Strubbe David A , Baykara Mehmet Z 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present results of atomic-force-microscopy-based friction measurements on Re-doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). In stark contrast to the widespread observation of decreasing friction with increasing number of layers on two-dimensional (2D) materials, friction on Re-doped MoS2 exhibits an anomalous, i.e. inverse, dependence on the number of layers. Raman spectroscopy measurements combined with ab initio calculations reveal signatures of Re intercalation. Calculations suggest an increase in out-of-plane stiffness that inversely correlates with the number of layers as the physical mechanism behind this remarkable observation, revealing a distinctive regime of puckering for 2D materials.
Determination of density of a liquid: revisited through the lens of conditions of floating
Authors: Bhattacharya Ahana , Chattopadhyay K N , Adhikary Chandan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A cost-effective method has been developed with utmost efficiency for the determination of density of a liquid. The experimental setup for this purpose is a Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylinder fitted with an overflow spout, a volume measuring cylinder, a wooden block along with a hook and a known mass taken from scientific weight box. For this purpose, a PVC cylinder is filled up to the neck of the over flow spout with the liquid whose density is to be measured. A wooden block along with the hook is entered gently inside the cylinder, so that the wooden block along with the hook floats inside the liquid. As a result, some liquid will overflow through the overflow tube, and is collected in the volume measuring cylinder. The volume of the measuring cylinder is noted. Now the wooden block along with the hook is taken out from the liquid and a known mass from the weight box is fixed with the hook. The PVC cylinder again filled up with the liquid up to the neck of the overflow tube and put gently the wooden block fixed with the known mass by the hook inside the liquid. The fixed mass is such that the mass with the block floats inside the liquid, as a result some liquid will overflow again through the overflow tube and is collected in the volume measuring cylinder. The volume is recorded. This volume will be greater than the earlier one. From differences of volume and the mass associated with the block the density of the liquid used can easily be determined.
Hands-on activity using the amplitude and frequency of electromagnetic waves to demonstrate the principle of information transfer
Authors: Siu Lok Yin , Leung Hoi Tik Alvin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) waves are indispensable in modern telecommunications. Despite their essential role in modern technology, EM waves are considered to be an abstract concept by many students. In this activity, an inexpensive two-coil system was constructed in a teaching laboratory and used to demonstrate information transfer by non-sinusoidal EM waves. Twenty secondary school students were invited to try out a hands-on activity developed based on this system. The participants were divided into teams, with some members in each team encoding and transmitting a message using EM signals followed by other members receiving the signal and decoding the message. The message was encoded using different frequencies and amplitudes of the sinusoidal components in the EM signal. In this outreach activity, a significant number of participants was found to hold the misconception that all EM waves are sinusoidal. After this hands-on activity, the number of participants holding this misconception decreased.
Theory of mean E

×

B shear in a stochastic magnetic field: ambipolarity breaking and radial current
Authors: Guo Weixin , Jiang Min , Diamond Patrick H , Chen Chang-Chun , Cao Mingyun , Li Hanhui , Long Ting 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The mean E

×

B shear in a stochastic magnetic field is calculated, using the radial force balance relation and transport equations. This analysis is relevant to the L → H transition with resonant magnetic perturbations, and special focus is placed upon the physics of non-ambipolar transport and radial current. The key physical process is the flow of fluctuating currents along wandering magnetic fields. The increments in poloidal and toroidal rotation, density and ion pressure are calculated. The radial envelope of the magnetic perturbations inside the plasma defines a new scale

ℓ

env

, which is the characteristic scale of the magnetic fluctuation intensity profile. The net particle outflow due to stochastic magnetic fields is calculated and is determined by the net radial current through the separatrix. Implications for the L → H transition are discussed.
Effects of microwave plasma treatment on β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Fang Paiwen , Rao Chang , Liao Chao , Chen Shujian , Wu Zhisheng , Lu Xing , Chen Zimin , Wang Gang , Liang Jun , Pei Yanli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, the effects of O2 or N2 microwave plasma treatment on β-Ga2O3 surface prior to Schottky metal deposition are reported. The device uniformity of Schottky barrier diodes is improved significantly by the microwave plasma treatments without any degradation such as ideality factor (near 1.0), and on-state resistance (R
on ∼3 mΩ cm2). The standard deviation of Schottky barrier height (SBH, φB) is as small as less than 10 m eV. Kelvin probe force microscope analysis shows that the surface electrostatic potential after O2 microwave plasma treatment is lower than that of the N2 microwave plasma treatment, which is consistent with the change of SBH obtained by capacitance–voltage (C–V) and current–voltage (I–V) measurements. The relatively low SBH with O2 microwave-plasma treatment corresponds to the high reverse leakage current. The oxygen related adsorption at metal/Ga2O3 interface by O2 microwave plasma treatment confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy can be attributed to the SBH and surface potential lowing.
Reflection and lattice mismatch loss analysis in Sb2Se3 solar cells
Authors: Vigil-Galán O , González-Castillo J R , Jiménez-Olarte D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Antimony chalcogenide thin film solar cells have been considered promising candidates in the field of photovoltaics, because of their suitable physical and chemical properties. However, the reported experimental record efficiency is far from the corresponding theoretical value. Multiple works have been directed to increase the efficiency of these devices; however, to the best of our knowledge, studies related to losses due to the reflection of the incident radiation in conjunction with the effects of the lattice mismatch of the constituent layers of the solar cells in the formation of interfacial states have not been addressed. Considering these aspects, this work presents a study of reflection losses caused by the layers of materials typically used for processing of solar cells based on Sb2Se3 and a description of the influence of lattice mismatch in the formation of interfacial states, evaluating the impact of both aspects on the efficiency.
A drain extended FinFET with enhanced DC/RF performance for high-voltage RF applications
Authors: Oh Kyounghwan , Kim Hyangwoo , Park Kangwook , Lee Hyung-jin , Kong Byoung Don , Baek Chang-Ki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A drain-extended fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) with a dual material gate (DMG) and a high-k field plate (FP), named DF-DeFF, is proposed for high-voltage radio frequency (RF) applications. The FP induces the charge variation in the drain extension, which appears as either the extended depletion in the gate-off state or the electron accumulation in the gate-on state. Along with the FP, the DMG forms a step-like potential variation along the channel, which leads to electron acceleration and the screening effect on the drain-to-source voltage (V
DS). These effects give significant advantages to the DC characteristics, including breakdown voltage (V
BD) and on-resistance (R
on), and the RF characteristics, including transconductance (g
m) and output-resistance (r
o). Compared to the latest high-voltage RF FinFETs, the DF-DeFF shows a drastic improvement in the major performance indicators such as V
BD, cut-off frequency (f
T), and maximum oscillation frequency (f
MAX). These results indicate that DF-DeFF is a FinFET with sufficient competitiveness even in high voltage circumstances.