bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different understandings of welfare benefits among the Dutch public: A focus group study
Authors: Lindner Thijs , De Koster Willem , Van der Waal Jeroen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have assessed the extent to which citizens support or oppose welfare benefits (shorthand: benefits). To properly understand this support or opposition, it is important to consider what benefits actually mean to citizens. Indeed, because citizens' understandings of benefits are likely to vary, there may be similar (different) levels of support for very different (similar) reasons. Consequently, in‐depth insights into these understandings are required to properly grasp public attitudes on welfare benefits. Therefore, this study adopts an inductive approach, holding focus‐group discussions with Dutch citizens with different social backgrounds (48 respondents/11 gatherings). Three distinct discourses were identified: (1) benefits as self‐responsibility and reciprocity; (2) benefits as participation and solidarity; and (3) benefits as well‐being and self‐actualization. These diverging discourses each involve closely intertwined understandings of the function of benefits, their relationship to work and welfare deservingness. We discuss the relevance of our findings and make suggestions for future research.
Reflecting on the past and looking ahead: An exploration of coach–teacher talk during reflection meetings
Authors: Saclarides Evthokia Stephanie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe coaching cycle has been identified as a productive activity in which coaches can engage teachers to support teacher learning. Previous research has primarily focused on exploring teachers' learning opportunities during the planning meetings and enacted lessons, while reflection meetings have been left relatively unexplored. In the current study, I partnered with two coach‐teacher dyads to explore teachers' learning opportunities during six reflection meetings. In particular, I explore the substance, or topic, of coach‐teacher conversations, as well as the depth of reasoning that was achieved for these dyads. Overall, results indicate that dyads toggled back and forth between reflecting on previous instruction and discussing future instruction, while maintaining a focus on discussing students, pedagogy, and content. Furthermore, most of the coach‐teacher reflection talk was categorized at the high‐depth level as the dyads consistently provided evidence and reasoning to support claims made, which points to the generative nature of coach‐teacher reflection conversations. Implications for practice as well as future research are provided.
Cs enrichment controlled by microbial community: Evidence from sinters along a temperature gradient of the Daggyai Major Geyser, Tibet
Authors: Li Rong , Wu Geng , Jones Brian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Daggyai sinters in Tibet are known for their Cs‐bearing deposits. To understand the relationship between Cs concentrations and sinter fabrics, variations in fabrics and Cs contents along a temperature gradient from 81 to 43°C associated with the Daggyai Major Geyser are examined herein. The fabrics of sinters vary from stromatolite‐like in the pool margin to palisade with numerous large‐diameter filaments along the overflow apron to diatoms and small‐diameter filaments at the distal end of discharge channel. The large‐diameter filaments are tentatively assigned to Chloroflexi, whereas the filamentous mats found at the pool margin and distal end of discharge channel may have been formed by cyanobacteria. The Cs concentrations are highest in the sinters associated with the cyanobacteria. These results indicate that Cs enrichment may be controlled by the composition and abundance of microbial community.
Urinary bladder wall mass with neoplastic lymphoid cells in the urine: Diagnosis of an IgG secretory B‐cell lymphoma with Bence‐Jones proteinuria in a dog
Authors: Jeffries Christina , Moore A Russell , Schlemmer Samantha N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we describe a multimodal approach to diagnose a unique case of myeloma‐related disease, extranodal secretory B‐cell lymphoma with urinary bladder involvement, an IgG4 monoclonal gammopathy, and Bence‐Jones proteinuria in a dog with a 6‐year history of hyperglobulinemia that had not been further evaluated. A 12‐year‐old dog was presented for evaluation of a 1‐week history of tenesmus. Urine sediment cytologic evaluation revealed low to moderate numbers of intermediate to large‐sized lymphocytes. We describe a technique that yielded adequate numbers of viable neoplastic cells in shipped urine sediment for PARR and flow cytometry. Those studies demonstrated a clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and an expansion of CD21‐positive and MHC Class II‐negative B cells, respectively. Protein electrophoresis with immunofixation and proteomic evaluation revealed a serum and urine IgG4 monoclonal gammopathy with Bence‐Jones proteinuria. MUM1 immunocytochemistry performed on the urine sediment slides failed to label the neoplastic cells; thus, a plasma cell tumor was considered unlikely. Lack of response to a cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy regimen led to euthanasia without necropsy 21 days after diagnosis. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic malignancy and accounts for up to a quarter of all neoplasms in dogs, but lymphoid neoplasms arising primarily from extranodal sites are infrequently reported. Urinary tract neoplasia can be diagnosed by urine evaluation in about one‐third of canine cases, but the diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasia via urine evaluation is rarely reported. This case highlights the utility of ancillary diagnostics on urine for detection of lymphoid malignancies.
Understanding linkage to biopsy and treatment for breast cancer after a high-risk telemammography result in Peru: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Errea Renato A , Garcia Patricia J , Pace Lydia E , Galea Jerome T , Franke Molly F 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThis mixed-method study aimed to understand the effectiveness of linkage to biopsy and treatment in women with a high-risk mammography result (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BI-RADS 4 and 5) in the national telemammography programme and to explore women’s experiences during this process.SettingQuantitative component: we collected and linked health data from the telemammography reading centre, the national public health insurance, the national centre for disease control and the national referral cancer centre. Qualitative component: we interviewed participants from different regions of the country representing diverse social and geographical backgrounds.ParticipantsQuantitative: women who underwent telemammography between July 2017 and September 2018 and had high-risk results (BI-RADS 4–5) were collected. Qualitative: women with a high-risk telemammography result, healthcare providers and administrators.Outcomes measuresQuantitative: we determined biopsy and treatment linkage rates and delays. Qualitative: we explored barriers and facilitators for obtaining a biopsy and initiating treatment.ResultsOf 126 women with high-risk results, 48.4% had documentation of biopsy and 37.5% experienced a delay of >45 days to biopsy. Of 51 women diagnosed with breast cancer, 86.4% had evidence of treatment initiation, but 69.2% initiated treatment >45 days after biopsy. Travelling to major cities for care, administrative factors and breast cancer misconceptions, among other factors, impeded timely, continuous care for breast cancer. A multidisciplinary and culturally tailored patient education facilitated understanding of the disease and prompt decision making about subsequent medical care.ConclusionsStrengthened breast cancer care capacity outside the capital city, standardised referral pathways, ensured financial support for travel expenses, and enhanced patient education are required to secure linkage to the breast cancer care continuum. Robust information systems are needed to track patients and to evaluate the programme’s performance.
Chronic high-altitude exposure and the epidemiology of ischaemic stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Cordovez Simone Pierina , Vasconez Eduardo , Viscor Ginés , Roderick Paul 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionAbout 5.7% of the world population resides above 1500 m. It has been hypothesised that acute exposure to high-altitude locations can increase stroke risk, while chronic hypoxia can reduce stroke-related mortality.ObjectiveThis review aims to provide an overview of the available evidence on the association between long-term high-altitude exposure and ischaemic stroke.DesignA systematic review was performed from 1 January 1960 to 1 December 2021 to assess the possible link between high-altitude exposure and ischaemic stroke. The AMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, the Europe PubMed Central and the Latin-American bibliographic database Scielo were accessed using the University of Southampton library tool Delphis. In this review, we included population and individual-based observational studies, including cross-sectional and longitudinal studies except for those merely descriptive individual-based case reports. Studies were limited to humans living or visiting high-altitude locations for at least 28 days as a cut-off point for chronic exposure.ResultsWe reviewed a total of 1890 abstracts retrieved during the first step of the literature review process. The authors acquired in full text as potentially relevant 204 studies. Only 17 documents met the inclusion criteria and were finally included. Ten studies clearly suggest that living at high altitudes may be associated with an increased risk of stroke; however, five studies suggest that altitude may act as a protective factor for the development of stroke, while two studies report ambiguous results.ConclusionsThis review suggests that the most robust studies are more likely to find that prolonged living at higher altitudes reduces the risk of developing stroke or dying from it. Increased irrigation due to angiogenesis and increased vascular perfusion might be the reason behind improved survival profiles among those living within this altitude range. In contrast, residing above 3500 m seems to be associated with an apparent increased risk of developing stroke, probably linked to the presence of polycythaemia and other associated factors such as increased blood viscosity.
Longitudinal evaluation of treatment patterns, risk factors and outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease treated with lipid-lowering therapy in the UK
Authors: Danese Mark , Sidelnikov Eduard , Villa Guillermo , Catterick David , Iqbal Mazhar , Gleeson Michelle , Lubeck Deborah , Patel Jeetesh 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo compare treatment patterns, risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) event rates in the UK from 2008 to 2017.DesignRetrospective cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.SettingUK primary care.ParticipantsWe selected 10 annual cohorts of patients with documented CVD receiving lipid-lowering therapy and the subsets with myocardial infarction (MI). Each cohort included patients ≥18 years old, with ≥1 year of medical history and ≥2 lipid-lowering therapy prescriptions in the prior year.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFor each annual cohort, we identified cardiovascular risk factors and lipid-lowering therapy and estimated the 1-year composite rate of fatal and non-fatal MI, ischaemic stroke (IS) or revascularisation.ResultsThe documented CVD cohort mean age was 71.6 years in 2008 (N=173 424) and 72.5 (N=94 418) in 2017; in the MI subset, mean age was 70.1 years in 2008 (N=38 999) and 70.4 in 2017 (N=25 900). Both populations had larger proportions of men. In the documented CVD cohort, the proportion receiving high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy from 2008 to 2017 doubled from 16% to 32%; in the MI subset, the increase was 20% to 48%. In the documented CVD cohort, the proportion of patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <1.8 mmol/L increased from 28% to 38%; in the MI subset, the proportion with LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L increased from 32% to 42%. The composite event rate per 100 person-years declined over time, from 2.5 to 2.0 in the documented CVD cohort, and from 3.7 to 2.8 in the MI subset. After excluding revascularisation from the composite outcome, the decline in the event rate in both populations was substantially attenuated.ConclusionsDespite an increase in high-intensity therapy use and a decline in revascularisation, more than half of patients did not receive high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy by 2017 and incidence rates of MI and IS remained virtually unchanged.
Virtual visiting in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative descriptive study with ICU clinicians and non-ICU family team liaison members
Authors: Xyrichis Andreas , Pattison Natalie , Ramsay Pam , Saha Sian , Cook Amelia , Metaxa Victoria , Meyer Joel , Rose Louise 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo understand the experiences and perceived benefits of virtual visiting from the perspectives of intensive care unit (ICU)-experienced clinicians and non-ICU-experienced family liaison team members.DesignQualitative descriptive study.SettingAdult intensive care setting across 14 hospitals within the UK National Health Service.ParticipantsICU-experienced clinicians and non-ICU-experienced family liaison team members deployed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsSemistructured telephone/video interviews were conducted with ICU clinicians. Analytical themes were developed inductively following a standard thematic approach, using ‘family-centred care’ and ‘sensemaking’ as sensitising concepts.ResultsWe completed 36 interviews, with 17 ICU-experienced clinicians and 19 non-ICU-experienced family liaison team members. In the context of inperson visiting restrictions, virtual visiting offered an alternative conduit to (1) restoring the family unit, (2) facilitating family involvement, and (3) enabling sensemaking for the family. Virtual visits with multiple family members concurrently and with those living in distant geographical locations restored a sense of family unit. Family involvement in rehabilitation, communication and orientation activities, as well as presence at the end of life, highlighted how virtual visiting could contribute to family-centred care. Virtual visits were emotionally challenging for many family members, but also cathartic in helping make sense of their own emotions and experience by visualising their relatives in the ICU. Being able to see and interact with loved ones and their immediate care providers afforded important cues to enable family sensemaking of the ICU experience.ConclusionsIn this UK qualitative study of clinicians using virtual ICU visiting, in the absence of inperson visiting, virtual visiting was perceived positively as an alternative that promoted family-centred care through virtual presence. We anticipate the perceived benefits of virtual visiting may extend to non-pandemic conditions through improved equity and timeliness of family access to the ICU by offering an alternative option alongside inperson visiting.
Cross-sectional survey on cigarette smoking in Chinese high-income areas
Authors: Yuan Lei , Liu Pei , Zhao Zhe , Wei Zhenbang , Liu Lijuan , Sun Jinhai 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate smoking status and its influencing factors in high-income areas of China.DesignCross-sectional.SettingHigh-income areas in China.Participants4064 persons aged 15 years or older from the survey results in Global Adult Tobacco Survey-China 2018.MethodsGross national income data were used to determine China’s high-income economic regions, and the results of the survey in Global Adult Tobacco Survey-China 2018 were used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 4064 people were included in our study, including 881 current smokers, 2884 who had never smoked and 299 who had quit smoking. Using the standardised rate method, the standardised smoking rates in high-income and non-high-income areas in China were calculated to be 23.56% and 27.77%, respectively. Men, high school education or below, knowledge of e-cigarette information, permission to smoke at home and people with poor smoking health literacy are the main influencing factors of smokers in high-income areas of China.ConclusionThe smoking rate of people in China’s high-income areas is lower than the overall smoking rate in China, and we should increase the public awareness that smoking is harmful to health, encourage the prohibition of smoking at home, increase investment in higher education and improve residents’ smoking health literacy level. The purpose of this study was to encourage reduction in the rate of smoking and better control the prevalence of smoking.
Variation in the estimated prevalence of multimorbidity: systematic review and meta-analysis of 193 international studies
Authors: Ho Iris Szu-Szu , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Akbari Ashley , Davies Jim , Hodgins Peter , Khunti Kamlesh , Kadam Umesh , Lyons Ronan , McCowan Colin , Mercer Stewart W , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Guthrie Bruce 
Published: April 2022

Objective(1) To estimate the pooled prevalence of multimorbidity in all age groups, globally. (2) To examine how measurement of multimorbidity impacted the estimated prevalence.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we conducted searches in nine bibliographic databases (PsycINFO, Embase, Global Health, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) for prevalence studies published between database inception and 21 January 2020. Studies reporting the prevalence of multimorbidity (in all age groups and in community, primary care, care home and hospital settings) were included. Studies with an index condition or those that did not include people with no long-term conditions in the denominator were excluded. Retrieved studies were independently reviewed by two reviewers, and relevant data were extracted using predesigned pro forma. We used meta-analysis to pool the estimated prevalence of multimorbidity across studies, and used random-effects meta-regression and subgroup analysis to examine the association of heterogeneous prevalence estimates with study and measure characteristics.Results13 807 titles were screened, of which 193 met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of multimorbidity was 42.4% (95% CI 38.9% to 46.0%) with high heterogeneity (I2>99%). In adjusted meta-regression models, participant mean age and the number of conditions included in a measure accounted for 47.8% of heterogeneity in effect sizes. The estimated prevalence of multimorbidity was significantly higher in studies with older adults and those that included larger numbers of conditions. There was no significant difference in estimated prevalence between low-income or middle-income countries (36.8%) and high-income countries (44.3%), or between self-report (40.0%) and administrative/clinical databases (52.7%).ConclusionsThe pooled prevalence of multimorbidity was significantly higher in older populations and when studies included a larger number of baseline conditions. The findings suggest that, to improve study comparability and quality of reporting, future studies should use a common core conditions set for multimorbidity measurement and report multimorbidity prevalence stratified by sociodemographics.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020172409.
Psychosocial interventions for community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shikuri Yuki , Tanoue Hiroki , Imai Hissei , Nakamura Hideki , Yamaguchi Fumitake , Goto Taichi , Kido Yoshifumi , Tajika Aran , Sawada Hirotake , Ishida Yasushi , Yoshinaga Naoki 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionDespite the recent global mental health movement of the transition from hospital-centred to integrated community-based services, comprehensive evidence of psychosocial interventions focusing on community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia is still lacking. To overcome this gap in the current knowledge, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of all types of psychosocial interventions for community-dwelling (non-hospitalised) individuals with schizophrenia when compared with non-active control conditions (eg, treatment as usual).Methods and analysisThis study protocol has been developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. By March 2022, the following sources will have been searched, without restrictions for language or publication period: Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We will also try to identify other potentially eligible studies by searching the reference lists of included studies, other relevant systematic reviews and grey literature. All relevant randomised controlled trials from both high-income and low-income to middle-income countries will be allowed. Two independent reviewers will conduct the selection/screening of studies, data extraction and methodological quality assessment of included studies. The primary outcomes are quality of life and psychiatric hospital admission. Standard pairwise meta-analyses with a random-effects model will be conducted. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be performed to assess the robustness of the findings. Risk of bias will be assessed with the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomised Trials. The Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to assess the quality of evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this study. The study findings will be disseminated through conference presentations as well as peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021266187.
Protocol for scoping review on well-being among theatre nurses in large public hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Ramafikeng Matumo , Eboh Winifred Oluchukwu 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionTheatre nurses report higher levels of stress and burn-out due to the nature of their work environment. Workplace stress among nurses is associated with decreased well-being resulting is poor health outcomes for patients. However, evidence on well-being among nurses varies considerably, due to the multiple perspectives, definitions and focus on different aspects of well-being. Existing literature has not been consolidated to map out well-being concepts and instruments. In addition, due to limited research in low-income and middle-income countries, the most contextually relevant instruments for this context has not been identified. The aim of this scoping review is to map out existing literature on well-being, key concepts and instruments used to measure well-being among theatre nurses working in public hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries.Methods and analysisA scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodological approach will be used. PubMed, Scopus, Ebscohost, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, Informa World, Oxford Journals, ScienceDirect and Google scholar will be searched for literature published from 2000 to date. Reference lists of selected articles will also be reviewed. Two reviewers will conduct the screening of articles and data extraction independently and differences will be resolved through a discussion. Data analysis will be guided by both qualitative and quantitative methods.The scoping review will take place from 1 May 2022 to 1 November 2022, completing the screening, data extraction and analysis phases.Ethics and disseminationThe study does not require ethical approval. Findings will be published and shared at events to raise awareness on the importance of monitoring well-being among theatre nurses as a strategy to improve surgical outcomes. The review could shed light on an instrument most suitable for low-income and middle-income contexts.