bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-compact SOS-based bi-metallic TM-pass polarizer
Authors: Abd-Elkader Ahmed El-Sayed , ELDamarawy Eman , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya Salah S. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUltra-compact transverse magnetic (TM)-pass polarizer based on silicon on sapphire (SOS) platform is proposed and analysed. Low power consumption, high linearity and high speed of transmission are the major advantages of the SOS platform in different commercial applications especially in the mid infrared region.The suggested structure has bimetallic configuration of aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) and zirconium nitride (ZrN) to highly attenuate the quasi transverse electric (TE) mode. This is due to the coupling between the fundamental TE and the surface plasmon modes. However, the transverse magnetic mode can propagate with minimal losses. At 2.0 µm operating wavelength, the proposed TM-pass polarizer realizes 20.3 dB extinction ratio (ER) with 0.14 dB insertion loss (IL) at a device length of 3.0 µm. Therefore, the reported design has advantages of compact length, high efficiency and CMOS-compatibility.
A global review of the critical link between river flows and productivity in marine fisheries
Authors: Broadley Andrew , Stewart-Koster Ben , Burford Michele A. , Brown Christopher J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAround 36,000 km3 of freshwater flows through rivers and estuarine ecosystems and enter the world’s coastal fishing regions every year. The flow of freshwater and sediments creates regional changes in coastal circulation, stimulates marine productivity and helps define the hydrologic properties of estuarine and oceanic waters. These processes can affect different life stages of marine species either directly, through variations in salinity and temperature, or indirectly, due to changes in the availability of food and habitat. This paper reviews the relationship between freshwater flowing through estuarine and coastal ecosystems, and the variable productivity associated with global marine capture fisheries. The results of a global synthesis revealed that 72% of species representing 77% of the total catch (43 million tonnes) were linked to river flows for at least some part of their life cycle. Insights into how the relationship between flow and fishery production varies globally indicates wild capture fisheries and freshwater resources would benefit from an integrated planning and management approach.
First- and Second-Level Bias in Automated Decision-making
Authors: Franke Ulrik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent advances in artificial intelligence offer many beneficial prospects. However, concerns have been raised about the opacity of decisions made by these systems, some of which have turned out to be biased in various ways. This article makes a contribution to a growing body of literature on how to make systems for automated decision-making more transparent, explainable, and fair by drawing attention to and further elaborating a distinction first made by Nozick (1993) between first-level bias in the application of standards and second-level bias in the choice of standards, as well as a second distinction between discrimination and arbitrariness. Applying the typology developed, a number of illuminating observations are made. First, it is observed that some reported bias in automated decision-making is first-level arbitrariness, which can be alleviated by explainability techniques. However, such techniques have only a limited potential to alleviate first-level discrimination. Second, it is argued that second-level arbitrariness is probably quite common in automated decision-making. In contrast to first-level arbitrariness, however, second-level arbitrariness is not straightforward to detect automatically. Third, the prospects for alleviating arbitrariness are discussed. It is argued that detecting and alleviating second-level arbitrariness is a profound problem because there are many contrasting and sometimes conflicting standards from which to choose, and even when we make intentional efforts to choose standards for good reasons, some second-level arbitrariness remains.
Dystrophin genetic variants and autism
Authors: Passos-Bueno Maria Rita , Costa Claudia Ismania Samogy , Zatz Mayana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLoss-of-function variants in the dystrophin gene, a well-known cause of muscular dystrophies, have emerged as a mutational risk mechanism for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which in turn is a highly prevalent (~ 1%) genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Although the association of intellectual disability with the dystrophinopathies Duchenne (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) has been long established, their association with ASD is more recent, and the dystrophin genotype-ASD phenotype correlation is unclear. We therefore present a review of the literature focused on the ASD prevalence among dystrophinopathies, the relevance of the dystrophin isoforms, and most particularly the relevance of the genetic background to the etiology of ASD in these patients. Four families with ASD-DMD/BMD patients are also reported here for the first time. These include a single ASD individual, ASD-discordant and ASD-concordant monozygotic twins, and non-identical ASD triplets. Notably, two unrelated individuals, which were first ascertained because of the ASD phenotype at ages 15 and 5 years respectively, present rare dystrophin variants still poorly characterized, suggesting that some dystrophin variants may compromise the brain more prominently. Whole exome sequencing in these ASD-DMD/BMD individuals together with the literature suggest, although based on preliminary data, a complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture underlying ASD in dystrophinopathies, that include rare variants of large and medium effect. The need for the establishment of a consortia for genomic investigation of ASD-DMD/BMD patients, which may shed light on the genetic architecture of ASD, is discussed.
Development and Validation of the Chinese Version of The Masturbation Beliefs Scale
Authors: Ren Zhengjia , Liu Yanhong , Deng Jianjun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Negative experiences of and beliefs regarding masturbation frequently affect people's psychological well-being and health behaviors, but there is currently no specific assessment tool to measure Chinese people's beliefs about masturbation.

Aim
The goal of the present study was to develop a brief scale (the Masturbation Beliefs Scale, BMS) for Chinese university students.

Methods
The BMS was developed and administered online to 2 different samples, with a total sample of 3,231 respondents (1,527 males and 1,704 females). The items were formulated based on previous qualitative research data. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed.

Outcomes
The BMS scale contains 3 dimensions with good internal consistency and construct validity, which can well measure Chinese people's belief about masturbation.

Results
The results of the two samples showed that the 17-item culturally based BMS demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity. Three factors capturing university students’ beliefs regarding masturbation emerged. The 3 factors were labeled beliefs about male masturbation (BAMM), beliefs about female masturbation (BAFM), and negative affect toward masturbation (NATM). The participants’ culturally based masturbation beliefs were negatively related to independent self-construal and sexual compulsivity. In addition, their culturally based masturbation beliefs consistently predicted their likelihood of premarital sexual behavior.

Clinical Translation
Clinicians and researchers could utilize this culturally sensitive instrument to evaluate individuals’ experiences of masturbation, which could help clinicians deliver efficacious sex therapy and sexual education to individuals who have misconceptions or phobias regarding masturbation.

Strengths and limitations
The scale is an innovative tool that measures culturally relevant beliefs regarding masturbation among Chinese students. A limitation of this study is that several constructs were measured by single questions. This may attenuate the estimated correlation since single items are less reliable than multiple-item scales.

Conclusion
The present research demonstrates that a culturally sensitive scale is necessary to understand the culturally based values that influence university students’ beliefs regarding masturbation and sexual behavior.
Devotional Refrains in Medieval Latin Song
Authors: Caldwell Mary Channen 
Published: March 2022

Throughout medieval Europe, male and female religious communities attached to churches, abbeys, and schools participated in devotional music making outside of the chanted liturgy. Newly collating over 400 songs from primary sources, this book reveals the role of Latin refrains and refrain songs in the musical lives of religious communities by employing novel interdisciplinary and analytical approaches to the study of medieval song. Through interpretive frameworks focused on time and temporality, performance, memory, inscription, and language, each chapter offers an original perspective on how refrains were created, transmitted, and performed. Arguing for the Latin refrain's significance as a marker of form and meaning, this book identifies it as a tool that communities used to negotiate their lived experiences of liturgical and calendrical time; to confirm their communal identity and belonging to song communities; and to navigate relationships between Latin and vernacular song and dance that emerge within their multilingual contexts.
The Great Western Schism, 1378–1417
Authors: Rollo-Koster Joëlle 
Published: March 2022

The Great Schism divided Western Christianity between 1378 and 1417. Two popes and their courts occupied the see of St. Peter, one in Rome, and one in Avignon. Traditionally, this event has received attention from scholars of institutional history. In this book, by contrast, Joëlle Rollo-Koster investigates the event through the prism of social drama. Marshalling liturgical, cultural, artistic, literary and archival evidence, she explores the four phases of the Schism: the breach after the 1378 election, the subsequent division of the Church, redressive actions, and reintegration of the papacy in a single pope. Investigating how popes legitimized their respective positions and the reception of these efforts, Rollo-Koster shows how the Schism influenced political thought, how unity was achieved, and how the two capitals, Rome and Avignon, responded to events. Rollo-Koster's approach humanizes the Schism, enabling us to understand the event as it was experienced by contemporaries.
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) as a Treatment for Insomnia
Authors: Motamedi Gholam K. , Jeliazkov Peter G. , Oyegbile-Chidi Temitayo O. , Song Sunbin S. , Sharma Varun D. , Mete Mihriye , Nawar Shara , Turkeltaub Peter E. , Won Cho Yong , Wu Jian-young 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:We investigated the effects of transcranial alternating stimulation (tACS) in patients with insomnia. Nine patients with chronic insomnia underwent two in-laboratory polysomnography, 2 weeks apart, and were randomized to receive tACS either during the first or second study. The stimulation was applied simultaneously and bilaterally at F3/M1 and F4/M2 electrodes (0.75 mA, 0.75 Hz, 5-minute). Sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset dropped on the stimulation night but they did not reach statistical significance; however, there were significant improvements in spontaneous and total arousals, sleep quality, quality of life, recall memory, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and daytime sleepiness.
Household food insecurity is associated with obesogenic health behaviours among a low-income cohort of pregnant women in Boston, MA
Authors: Cheng Erika R , Luo Mandy , Perkins Meghan , Blake-Lamb Tiffany , Kotelchuck Milton , Arauz Boudreau Alexy , Taveras Elsie M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:To examine associations of household food insecurity with health and obesogenic behaviours among pregnant women enrolled in an obesity prevention programme in the greater Boston area.Design:Cross-sectional evaluation. Data were collected from structured questionnaires that included a validated two-item screener to assess household food insecurity. We used separate multivariable linear and logistic regression models to quantify the association between household food insecurity and maternal health behaviours (daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages and fast food, physical activity, screen time, and sleep), mental health outcomes (depression and stress), hyperglycaemia status and gestational weight gain.Setting:Three community health centres that primarily serve low-income and racial/ethnic minority patients in Revere, Chelsea and Dorchester, Massachusetts.Participants:Totally, 858 pregnant women participating in the First 1,000 Days program, a quasi-experimental trial.Results:Approximately 21 % of women reported household food insecurity. In adjusted analysis, household food insecurity was associated with low fruit and vegetable intake (β = −0·31 daily servings; 95 % CI −0·52, −0·10), more screen time (β = 0·32 daily hours; 95 % CI 0·04, 0·61), less sleep (β = −0·32 daily hours; 95 % CI −0·63, −0·01), and greater odds of current (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4·42; 95 % CI 2·33, 8·35) or past depression (AOR 3·01; 95 % CI 2·08, 4·35), and high stress (AOR 2·91; 95 % CI 1·98, 4·28).Conclusions:In our sample of mostly low-income, racial/ethnic minority pregnant women, household food insecurity was associated with mental health and behaviours known to increase the likelihood of obesity.
The Daily‐Resolved Southern Ocean Mixed Layer: Regional Contrasts Assessed Using Glider Observations
Authors: du Plessis M. D. , Swart S. , Biddle L. C. , Giddy I. S. , Monteiro P. M. S. , Reason C. J. C. , Thompson A. F. , Nicholson S.‐A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWater mass transformation in the Southern Ocean is vital for driving the large‐scale overturning circulation, which transports heat from the surface to the ocean interior. Using profiling gliders, this study investigates the role of summertime buoyancy forcing and wind‐driven processes on the intraseasonal (1–10 days) mixed layer thermohaline variability in three Southern Ocean regions southwest of Africa important for water mass transformation—the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ), and Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). At intraseasonal time scales, heat flux was shown as the main driver of buoyancy gain in all regions. In the SAZ and MIZ, shallow mixed layers and strong stratification enhanced mixed layer buoyancy gain by trapping incoming heat, while buoyancy loss resulted primarily from the entrainment of cold, salty water from below. In the PFZ, rapid mixing linked to Southern Ocean storms set persistently deep mixed layers and suppressed mixed layer intraseasonal thermohaline variability. In the polar regions, lateral stirring of meltwater from seasonal sea‐ice melt dominated daily mixed layer salinity variability. We propose that these meltwater fronts are advected to the PFZ during late summer, indicating the potential for seasonal sea‐ice freshwater to impact a region where the upwelling limb of overturning circulation reaches the surface. This study reveals a regional dependence of how the mixed layer thermohaline properties respond to small spatiotemporal processes, emphasizing the importance of surface forcing occurring between 1 and 10 days on the mixed layer water mass transformation in the Southern Ocean.
Drag Coefficient Constraints for Space Weather Observations in the Upper Thermosphere
Authors: Bernstein Valerie , Pilinski Marcin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe space weather research community relies heavily on thermospheric density data to understand long‐term thermospheric variability, construct assimilative, empirical, and semiempirical global atmospheric models and validate model performance. One of the challenges in resolving accurate thermospheric density data sets from satellite orbital drag measurements is modeling appropriate physical aerodynamic drag force coefficients. The drag coefficient may change throughout the thermosphere due to model dependencies on composition and altitude. As such, existing drag coefficient model errors and corresponding errors in orbit‐derived density data sets and models may be altitude and solar cycle dependent with greater errors at higher altitudes around 500 km near the oxygen‐to‐helium transition region. In this paper, inter‐satellite observed‐to‐modeled density comparisons at ∼500 km are evaluated to constrain drag coefficient modeling assumptions. Observed densities are derived from accelerometer data for the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites and Two‐Line Element data for a set of compact satellites, while the NRLMSISE‐00 atmospheric model is used to obtain modeled densities and composition information. Density consistency results indicate that drag coefficient models with incomplete energy and momentum accommodation produce the most consistent densities, while the standard diffuse modeling approach may not be appropriate at these altitudes. Models with momentum accommodation between 0.5 and 0.9 and energy accommodation between 0.83 and 0.96 may be most appropriate at upper thermospheric altitudes. Modeling drag coefficients with diffuse gas‐surface interactions for the GRACE satellites could lead to errors in derived density of ∼25% and in‐track satellite orbit prediction uncertainty during solar maximum conditions on the order of kilometers.
On Pole Position: Causes of Dispersion of the Paleomagnetic Poles Behind Apparent Polar Wander Paths
Authors: Vaes Bram , Gallo Leandro C. , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPaleomagnetic poles used to compute apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) are strongly dispersed, which was recently shown to cause a large fraction (>50%) of these poles to be statistically distinct from the APWP to which they contributed, suggesting that current statistical approaches overestimate paleomagnetic resolution. Here, we analyze why coeval paleopoles are so dispersed, using the paleopoles behind the most recent global APWP and a compilation of paleomagnetic data obtained from <10 Ma volcanic rocks (PSV10). We find that paleopoles derived from sedimentary rocks, or from data sets underrepresenting paleosecular variation (PSV), are more dispersed and more frequently displaced. We show that paleopoles based on a smaller number of paleomagnetic sites are more dispersed than poles based on larger data sets, revealing that the degree to which PSV is averaged is an important contributor to the pole dispersion. We identify as a fundamental problem, however, that the number of sites used to calculate a paleopole, and thus the dispersion of coeval paleopoles, is essentially arbitrary. We therefore explore a different approach in which reference poles of APWPs are calculated from site‐level data instead of paleopoles, thereby assigning larger weight to larger data sets. We introduce a bootstrap‐based method for comparing a collection of paleomagnetic data with a reference data set on the same hierarchical level, whereby the uncertainty is weighted against the number of paleomagnetic sites. Finally, our study highlights that demonstrating smaller tectonic displacements requires larger paleomagnetic data sets, and that such data sets can strongly improve future APWPs.
Oxidative stress-induced circKIF18A downregulation impairs MCM7-mediated anti-senescence in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Wang Jianle , Xia Dongdong , Lin Yan , Xu Wenbin , Wu Yaosen , Chen Jiaoxiang , Chu Junjie , Shen Panyang , Weng Sheji , Wang Xiangyang , Shen Lifeng , Fan Shunwu , Shen Shuying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLow back pain, triggered by intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is one of the most common causes of disability and financial expenditure worldwide. However, except for surgical interventions, effective medical treatment to prevent the progression of IVDD is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of circKIF18A, a novel circRNA, on IVDD progression and to explore its underlying mechanism in IVDD. In this study, we found that oxidative stress was positively correlated with nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) senescence in IVDD and that circKIF18A was downregulated in IVDD and attenuated senescent phenotypes such as cell cycle arrest and extracellular matrix degradation in NPCs. Mechanistically, circKIF18A competitively suppressed ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of MCM7, and the protective effects of circKIF18A on NPCs were partially mediated by MCM7 under oxidative stress. Intradiscal injection of adenoviral circKIF18A ameliorated IVDD in a rat model. This study revealed that circKIF18A regulates NPC degeneration by stabilizing MCM7 and identified a novel signaling pathway, the circKIF18A-MCM7 axis, for anti-senescence molecular therapy in IVDD.
Single cell transcriptional diversity and intercellular crosstalk of human liver cancer
Authors: Meng Yan , Sang Yan , Liao Jianping , Zhao Qiudong , Qu Shuping , Li Rong , Jiang Jinghua , Wang Meifeng , Wang Jiahong , Wu Dong , Cheng Chun , Wei Lixin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLiver cancer arises from the evolutionary selection of the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME), in which the tumor cell generally becomes more heterogeneous; however, the mechanisms of TME-mediated transcriptional diversity of liver cancer remain unclear. Here, we assess transcriptional diversity in 15 liver cancer patients by single-cell transcriptome analysis and observe transcriptional diversity of tumor cells is associated with stemness in liver cancer patients. Tumor-associated fibroblast (TAF), as a potential driving force behind the heterogeneity in tumor cells within and between tumors, was predicted to interact with high heterogeneous tumor cells via COL1A1-ITGA2. Moreover, COL1A1-mediated YAP-signaling activation might be the mechanistic link between TAF and tumor cells with increased transcriptional diversity. Strikingly, the levels of COL1A1, ITGA2, and YAP are associated with morphological heterogeneity and poor overall survival of liver cancer patients. Beyond providing a potential mechanistic link between the TME and heterogeneous tumor cells, this study establishes that collagen-stimulated YAP activation is associates with transcriptional diversity in tumor cells by upregulating stemness, providing a theoretical basis for individualized treatment targets.
Optimization of loading protocols for tissue engineering experiments
Authors: Ladner Yann D. , Armiento Angela R. , Kubosch Eva J. , Snedeker Jess G. , Stoddart Martin J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTissue engineering (TE) combines cells and biomaterials to treat orthopedic pathologies. Maturation of de novo tissue is highly dependent on local mechanical environments. Mechanical stimulation influences stem cell differentiation, however, the role of various mechanical loads remains unclear. While bioreactors simplify the complexity of the human body, the potential combination of mechanical loads that can be applied make it difficult to assess how different factors interact. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were seeded within a fibrin-polyurethane scaffold and exposed to joint-mimicking motion. We applied a full factorial design of experiment to investigate the effect that the interaction between different mechanical loading parameters has on biological markers. Additionally, we employed planned contrasts to analyze differences between loading protocols and a linear mixed model with donor as random effect. Our approach enables screening of multiple mechanical loading combinations and identification of significant interactions that could not have been studied using classical mechanobiology studies. This is useful to screen the effect of various loading protocols and could also be used for TE experiments with small sample sizes and further combinatorial medication studies.