bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dash Kasan; an imperial architecture in the Mongol capital of Sultaniyya
Authors: Moradi Amin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe village of Varāy (Viyar) is located at the foot of Āq Dāgh Mountain in the southeast of Sultaniyya, Iran, and is known for its impressive rock-cut architecture called Dash Kasan. The history of Sultaniyya, which later became the Ilkhanid (Mongol rulers) capital, began with the issue of an order by Arghūn Khan (1258–1291 CE), to build a huge city enclosed by stone walls and fortifications. According to many in the field, Dash Kasan occupied a prominent place in the development of Arghūn’s architectural project; first as a stone quarry, and then as a Buddhist monastery. This building is unique in its architectural design and decoration. The site’s two large-scale dragon snakes carved out of cliffs, and the development of a vast open space by cutting the solid rock are the only examples of their kind in Iranian art and architecture. Although most of the debates on the identity of this site to date are centered on its religious function during the Mongol period, there is little architectural evidence to support this idea. Hence, the nature and the scope of earlier studies are not sufficient to substantiate the architectural discourse surrounding this monument. The aim of this paper is to study this enigmatic rock-cut complex to provide a more detailed description of the current remains. According to the results, the architectural layout of this building suggests it was originally designed as pre-Ilkhanid Mongolian ceremonial halls and reflects a Chinese, East Asian architectural influence that was evident and pervasive throughout the Mongol territories.
Understanding electrohydrodynamic (EHD) performance of corona discharge via particle image velocimetry (PIV)
Authors: Abdul Halim Bilal , Dehghanghadikolaei Amir , Amili Omid , Sojoudi Hossein 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumping through corona discharge has found many interesting applications, as it does not require any mechanical moving parts. However, understanding the EHD performance of the corona discharge is crucial for a controllable manipulation of the fluids. This study investigates the pumping performance of an in-house built corona discharge setup for inducing circular motions in the fluids. Silicone oils of different kinematic viscosities are used as the EHD fluid. The EHD performance/fluid characteristics are studied experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV) under different DC corona voltages and their results are verified using the continuity equation. Additionally, an analytical model is derived using the Navier–Stokes equations. A clear scaling effect of the corona voltage is seen for the EHD fluid. The EHD fluid exhibits higher velocities at high corona voltages with low perturbation frequency ($$< 3$$

<
3

Hz) which is attributed to a sloshing motion in the fluid. This naturally occurring sloshing (out-of-plane) motion can be utilized when mixing is desired in the fluid. The results of this study can be used for contact-less and controllable manipulation of dielectric fluids (i.e., silicone oils) for potential applications in emulsion formation and separation.

Graphical abstract
Spatial-temporal differences of COVID-19 vaccinations in the U.S.
Authors: Huang Qian , Cutter Susan L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough the disparities in COVID-19 outcomes have been proved, they have not been explicitly associated with COVID-19 full vaccinations. This paper examines the spatial and temporal patterns of the county-level COVID-19 case rates, fatality rates, and full vaccination rates in the United States from December 24, 2020 through September 30, 2021. Statistical and geospatial analyses show clear temporal and spatial patterns of the progression of COVID-19 outcomes and vaccinations. In the relationship between two time series, the fatality rates series was positively related to past lags of the case rates series. At the same time, case rates series and fatality rates series were negatively related to past lags of the full vaccination rates series. The lag level varies across urban and rural areas. The results of partial correlation, ordinary least squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) also confirmed that the existing COVID-19 infections and different sets of socioeconomic, healthcare access, health conditions, and environmental characteristics were independently associated with COVID-19 vaccinations over time and space. These results empirically identify the geographic health disparities with COVID-19 vaccinations and outcomes and provide the evidentiary basis for targeting pandemic recovery and public health mitigation actions.
A tale of three cities: uncovering human-urban interactions with geographic-context aware social media data
Authors: Yin Junjun , Chi Guangqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeeking spatiotemporal patterns about how citizens interact with the urban space is critical for understanding how cities function. Such interactions were studied in various forms focusing on patterns of people’s presence, action, and transition in the urban environment, which are defined as human-urban interactions in this paper. Using human activity datasets that utilize mobile positioning technology for tracking the locations and movements of individuals, researchers developed stochastic models to uncover preferential return behaviors and recurrent transitional activity structures in human-urban interactions. Ad-hoc heuristics and spatial clustering methods were applied to derive meaningful activity places in those studies. However, the lack of semantic meaning in the recorded locations makes it difficult to examine the details about how people interact with different activity places. In this study, we utilized geographic context-aware Twitter data to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of people’s interactions with their activity places in different urban settings. To test consistency of our findings, we used geo-located tweets to derive the activity places in Twitter users’ location histories over three major U.S. metropolitan areas: Greater Boston Area, Chicago, and San Diego, where the geographic context of each location was inferred from its closest land use parcel. The results showed striking spatial and temporal similarities in Twitter users’ interactions with their activity places among the three cities. By using entropy-based predictability measures, this study not only confirmed the preferential return behaviors as people tend to revisit a few highly frequented places but also revealed detailed characteristics of those activity places.
Getting Back to the Source: A New Approach to Measuring Ex Ante Litigation Risk Using Plaintiff-Lawyer Views of SEC Filings
Authors: Kartapanis Antonis , Yust Christopher G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study introduces a new measure of ex ante litigation risk using scrutiny of SEC filings by the source of securities litigation (plaintiffs’ lawyers) to reduce measurement error, relative to existing measures. We show that plaintiff-lawyer views proxy for the largely unobservable factors that make firms more likely to face litigation risk. Lagged views precede the public bad news revelation that triggers litigation and predicts future realized litigation risk (i.e., securities class actions filings and plaintiff-lawyer investigations) and stock market outcomes. Finally, we provide new insights into the plaintiff-lawyer case selection process that otherwise cannot be observed.
The World in Blocs: Leo Amery, the British Empire and Regionalist Anti-internationalism, 1903–1947
Authors: Hewitt Liane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA new liberal international order was born in 1918. Many rejected this regime embodied by the League of Nations and attempts to restore free trade. Among the critics were a host of European ‘regionalists’ who envisioned a world organized into federal super-states. They feared that geopolitical hegemony would soon belong to territorially contiguous super-states, such as the US and the Soviet Union. If the historiography has focused on the varieties of interwar internationalism, it has underplayed the extent of this regionalist challenge. This paper proposes to take seriously the dialectic between internationalist and regionalist visions of world order by charting the half-century political career of British imperialist and statesman Leopold Amery: from his lifelong campaign for British imperial economic union organized around preferential tariffs, through to his fervent critique of both the League and post-1945 American internationalism. Amery’s exploits demonstrate that one of the most significant revolts against the liberal international order originated not only from the revisionist powers—the USSR, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan—but also from the supposed heartland of liberal internationalism itself: the British Empire.
Chemistry‐Weather Interacted Model System GRAPES_Meso5.1/CUACE CW V1.0: Development, Evaluation and Application in Better Haze/Fog Prediction in China
Authors: Wang H. , Zhang X. Y. , Wang P. , Peng Y. , Zhang W. J. , Liu Z. D. , Han C. , Li S. T. , Wang Y. Q. , Che H. Z. , Huang L. P. , Liu H. L. , Zhang L. , Zhou C. H. , Ma Z. S. , Chen F. F. , Ma X. , Wu X. J. , Zhang B. H. , Shen X. S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Chinese Meteorology Administration chemistry model Chinese Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment (CUACE) is online integrated into the mesoscale operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) model (GRAPES_Meso5.1) and aerosol‐cloud‐radiation interaction is achieved to establish the first version (V1) of chemistry‐weather (CW) interacted model GRAPES‐Meso5.1/CUACE CW V1. The most polluted winter 2016–2017 is selected to study the meteorology impacts on haze/fog prediction, the impact of aerosol‐radiation, aerosol‐cloud and CW interaction (ARI, ACI, CWI) on haze/fog prediction and NWP. Single way model without CWI displays reasonable PM2.5 and visibility prediction in general. However, modeled PM2.5 peaks are underestimated and visibility valleys are overestimated during haze/fog pollution, the underestimation of relative humidity (RH) contributes major to this misestimation; CWI model cut the negative bias of PM2.5 peaks and the positive bias of visibility valleys. The improvement of 5 and 3 km low visibility by CWI during severe haze/fog period is more obvious than that of 10 km, which just compensates for the largest deficiency in low visibility prediction related with severe haze/fog by single way model; The NWP including sea level pressures, RH, temperature, wind speed are also improved by CWI from surface to upper troposphere; ARI contributes larger to the predicted PM2.5,visibility and NWP improvement than that of ACI, their relative contributions varies with model vertical height and the overlapping condition of cloud and aerosols. Due to the joint contribution of RH and PM2.5, CWI's improving on visibility is larger than PM2.5. This study illustrates the importance of including CWI in air quality prediction model.
Predicting childhood and adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder onset: a nationwide deep learning approach
Authors: Garcia-Argibay Miguel , Zhang-James Yanli , Cortese Samuele , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder with a high degree of psychiatric and physical comorbidity, which complicates its diagnosis in childhood and adolescence. We analyzed registry data from 238,696 persons born and living in Sweden between 1995 and 1999. Several machine learning techniques were used to assess the ability of registry data to inform the diagnosis of ADHD in childhood and adolescence: logistic regression, random Forest, gradient boosting, XGBoost, penalized logistic regression, deep neural network (DNN), and ensemble models. The best fitting model was the DNN, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75, 95% CI (0.74–0.76) and balanced accuracy of 0.69. At the 0.45 probability threshold, sensitivity was 71.66% and specificity was 65.0%. There was an overall agreement in the feature importance among all models (τ > .5). The top 5 features contributing to classification were having a parent with criminal convictions, male sex, having a relative with ADHD, number of academic subjects failed, and speech/learning disabilities. A DNN model predicting childhood and adolescent ADHD trained exclusively on Swedish register data achieved good discrimination. If replicated and validated in an external sample, and proven to be cost-effective, this model could be used to alert clinicians to individuals who ought to be screened for ADHD and to aid clinicians’ decision-making with the goal of decreasing misdiagnoses. Further research is needed to validate results in different populations and to incorporate new predictors.
Small molecule-induced epigenomic reprogramming of APL blasts leading to antiviral-like response and c-MYC downregulation
Authors: Amatori Stefano , Persico Giuseppe , Cantatore Francesco , Rusin Martina , Formica Mauro , Giorgi Luca , Macedi Eleonora , Casciaro Francesca , Errico Provenzano Alfredo , Gambardella Stefano , Noberini Roberta , Bonaldi Tiziana , Fusi Vieri , Giorgio Marco , Fanelli Mirco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in which the PML/RARα fusion protein exerts oncogenic activities by recruiting repressive complexes to the promoter of specific target genes. Other epigenetic perturbations, as alterations of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), have been frequently found in AMLs and are associated with leukemogenesis and leukemia progression. Here, we characterized the epigenomic effects of maltonis, a novel maltol-derived molecule, in APL cells. We demonstrate that maltonis treatments induce a profound remodulation of the histone code, reducing global H3K9me3 signal and modulating other histone post-translational modifications. Transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses revealed that maltonis exposure induces changes of genes expression associated with a genomic redistribution of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac). Upregulation of interferon alpha and gamma response and downregulation of c-MYC target genes, in function of c-MYC reduced expression (monitored in all the hematopoietic neoplasms tested), represent the most significant modulated pathways. These data demonstrate the ability of maltonis to epigenetically reprogram the gene expression profile of APL cells, inducing an intriguing antiviral-like response, concomitantly with the downregulation of c-MYC-related pathways, thus making it an attractive candidate for antileukemic therapy.
Embryonic organizer formation disorder leads to multiorgan dysplasia in Down syndrome
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Lin Ziyuan , Peng Ying , Jiang Yan , Zhang Xuan , Zhu Hongmei , Zhang Lili , Chen Jiurong , Shu Xianghua , Luo Min , Xie Dan , Chen Yan , Liao Huijuan , Liu Mingfeng , Zhang Xiaohu , Liu Shanling , Wang He , Zhou Bin , Sun Huaqin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the high prevalence of Down syndrome (DS) and early identification of the cause (trisomy 21), its molecular pathogenesis has been poorly understood and specific treatments have consequently been practically unavailable. A number of medical conditions throughout the body associated with DS have prompted us to investigate its molecular etiology from the viewpoint of the embryonic organizer, which can steer the development of surrounding cells into specific organs and tissues. We established a DS zebrafish model by overexpressing the humanDYRK1Agene, a highly haploinsufficient gene located at the “critical region” within 21q22. We found that both embryonic organizer and body axis were significantly impaired during early embryogenesis, producing abnormalities of the nervous, heart, visceral, and blood systems, similar to those observed with DS. Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis and related assays demonstrated that the DYRK1A-overexpressed zebrafish embryos had anomalous phosphorylation of β-catenin and Hsp90ab1, resulting in Wnt signaling enhancement and TGF-β inhibition. We found an uncovered ectopic molecular mechanism present in amniocytes from fetuses diagnosed with DS and isolated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of DS patients. Importantly, the abnormal proliferation of DS HSCs could be recovered by switching the balance between Wnt and TGF-β signaling in vitro. Our findings provide a novel molecular pathogenic mechanism in which ectopic Wnt and TGF-β lead to DS physical dysplasia, suggesting potential targeted therapies for DS.
A multi-fidelity machine learning approach to high throughput materials screening
Authors: Fare Clyde , Fenner Peter , Benatan Matthew , Varsi Alessandro , Pyzer-Knapp Edward O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ever-increasing capability of computational methods has resulted in their general acceptance as a key part of the materials design process. Traditionally this has been achieved using a so-called computational funnel, where increasingly accurate - and expensive – methodologies are used to winnow down a large initial library to a size which can be tackled by experiment. In this paper we present an alternative approach, using a multi-output Gaussian process to fuse the information gained from both experimental and computational methods into a single, dynamically evolving design. Common challenges with computational funnels, such as mis-ordering methods, and the inclusion of non-informative steps are avoided by learning the relationships between methods on the fly. We show this approach reduces overall optimisation cost on average by around a factor of three compared to other commonly used approaches, through evaluation on three challenging materials design problems.
Mo content-depended competition between Cr2O3 enrichment and selective dissolution of CoCrFeNiMox high entropy alloys
Authors: Hu Qian , Ye Cheng-Ping , Zhang Shang-Chen , Wang Xian-Zong , Du Cheng-Feng , Wang Haifeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe corrosion and passivation behavior of the as-cast CoCrFeNiMox (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) high entropy alloys (HEAs) are investigated. With the addition of Mo, increasing Mo and Cr riched σ phase precipitates from the primary FCC phase. The corrosion resistance of the CoCrFeNiMox HEAs strongly depends on the phase structure and the passive film. Generally, Mo promotes the selective dissolution of the FCC phase and the enrichment of Cr2O3 in the passive film, the former deteriorates the corrosion resistance while the latter enhances it. Interestingly, the hypoeutectic Mo0.6 exhibits a higher corrosion resistance than that of Mo0.4, eutectic Mo0.8, and hypereutectic Mo1. Analysis of surface passive film and the composition of alloy phases implies that the Cr2O3 enrichment dominates in Mo0.6 while selective dissolution governs in Mox (x = 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0). Mo content-depended competition between the Cr2O3 enrichment and selective dissolution is discussed.
Human loss-of-function variants in the serotonin 2C receptor associated with obesity and maladaptive behavior
Authors: He Yang , Brouwers Bas , Liu Hesong , Liu Hailan , Lawler Katherine , Mendes de Oliveira Edson , Lee Dong-Kee , Yang Yongjie , Cox Aaron R. , Keogh Julia M. , Henning Elana , Bounds Rebecca , Perdikari Aliki , Ayinampudi Vikram , Wang Chunmei , Yu Meng , Tu Longlong , Zhang Nan , Yin Na , Han Junying , Scarcelli Nikolas A. , Yan Zili , Conde Kristine M. , Potts Camille , Bean Jonathan C. , Wang Mengjie , Hartig Sean M. , Liao Lan , Xu Jianming , Barroso Inês , Mokrosinski Jacek , Xu Yong , Sadaf Farooqi I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSerotonin reuptake inhibitors and receptor agonists are used to treat obesity, anxiety and depression. Here we studied the role of the serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) in weight regulation and behavior. Using exome sequencing of 2,548 people with severe obesity and 1,117 control individuals without obesity, we identified 13 rare variants in the gene encoding 5-HT2CR (HTR2C) in 19 unrelated people (3 males and 16 females). Eleven variants caused a loss of function in HEK293 cells. All people who carried variants had hyperphagia and some degree of maladaptive behavior. Knock-in male mice harboring a human loss-of-function HTR2C variant developed obesity and reduced social exploratory behavior; female mice heterozygous for the same variant showed similar deficits with reduced severity. Using the 5-HT2CR agonist lorcaserin, we found that depolarization of appetite-suppressing proopiomelanocortin neurons was impaired in knock-in mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that 5-HT2CR is involved in the regulation of human appetite, weight and behavior. Our findings suggest that melanocortin receptor agonists might be effective in treating severe obesity in individuals carrying HTR2C variants. We suggest that HTR2C should be included in diagnostic gene panels for severe childhood-onset obesity.
A single 2′-O-methylation of ribosomal RNA gates assembly of a functional ribosome
Authors: Yelland James N. , Bravo Jack P. K. , Black Joshua J. , Taylor David W. , Johnson Arlen W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRNA modifications are widespread in biology and abundant in ribosomal RNA. However, the importance of these modifications is not well understood. We show that methylation of a single nucleotide, in the catalytic center of the large subunit, gates ribosome assembly. Massively parallel mutational scanning of the essential nuclear GTPase Nog2 identified important interactions with rRNA, particularly with the 2′-O-methylated A-site base Gm2922. We found that methylation of G2922 is needed for assembly and efficient nuclear export of the large subunit. Critically, we identified single amino acid changes in Nog2 that completely bypass dependence on G2922 methylation and used cryoelectron microscopy to directly visualize how methylation flips Gm2922 into the active site channel of Nog2. This work demonstrates that a single RNA modification is a critical checkpoint in ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that such modifications can play an important role in regulation and assembly of macromolecular machines.
Associations between MDMA/ecstasy, classic psychedelics, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in a sample of U.S. adolescents
Authors: Jones Grant , Arias Diego , Nock Matthew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSuicide is one of the leading causes of death amongst adolescents and decades of research have failed to curb suicide rates within this population. There is thus a need to better understand factors that correlate with adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelics represent two areas for exploration, as use of these substances has been associated with both increased and lowered odds of STBs. Thus, the goal of this study was to test the associations between MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelics (psilocybin, peyote, mescaline, LSD) and STBs in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. We tested these associations in a sample of adolescents aged 12–17 years old from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2004–2019) (N = 262,617) using survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models. Lifetime psilocybin use was associated with lowered odds of lifetime suicidal thinking, planning, and attempts (aOR range 0.77–0.85). Conversely, LSD was associated with increased odds of these same outcomes (aOR range 1.20–1.35). MDMA/ecstasy, peyote, and mescaline did not share associations with STBs. Our study demonstrates that individual classic psychedelics share varying relationships to STBs among adolescents. Future cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate the link between classic psychedelic use and STBs in youth.