bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVIII-14
Investigating Variability of Spent Craft Microbreweries Grains for Classification and Incorporation Into Diet Formulation Through Multivariate Analyses
Authors: Rockwell Macy L , Franco Arturo Macias , da Silva Aghata Elins Moreira , Fonseca Mozart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The widespread growth in microbreweries presents a unique byproduct in spent brewer’s grains (SBG). However, incorporation of SBG into livestock production systems requires further consideration due to potential variety in end-products due to beer styles and beer makers. Herein, we aim to characterize and cluster SBG according to nutritional composition to determine if nutrient composition groups in SBG are of nutritional and environmental concern. A total of five breweries with over twenty-nine SBG were collected for a period of three years in Reno, Nevada. Proximate chemical analysis and long chain fatty acid (LCFA) analysis were performed on all SBG. A hierarchical clustering (HC) of principal components (PC; HCPC) was performed on the nutrients to characterize maximum variation explainable through PC, followed by grouping of varietals on the multivariate axes through HC. A Ward’s Linkage with scaled Euclidean distance was utilized for the HCPC. The greatest variance in the nutritional groups was explained through the first two PC (PC1, PC2). For PC1, non-fibrous carbohydrates had correlation values of 40.34% (-0.98), neutral detergent fiber assay with heat stable amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ash and protein (apNDFom) 30.39% (0.73), ether extract 17.32% (0.64) and crude protein (CP) 11.94 % (0.53). For PC2, the nutrient correlations were CP 74.26% (0.81) and apNDFom 23.77% (0.21). Ultimately, the variance explained in the PC represents energy (PC1), and protein (PC2). For the HC on the PC, four main clusters were obtained. For the PC generated from the LCFA, there were no superficial patterns detectable along the multivariate space. The distribution into the clusters represent an overlooked reality when considering SBG as livestock feed highlighting the need for a better classification of the varietals as livestock feed. Better classification of SBG will allow producers to better utilize the feed to maximize both productivity and reduce potential nitrogen runoff.
PSVIII-1 Hy-D Increases Ca, P and Serum Metabolites Related to Growth in Grazing Animals Receiving a P Deficient Supplement
Authors: Mudado Fernanda Simões , Perdigão Alexandre , Silveira Melissa Barreto , de Matos Isabelle E , da Silva Aline Gomes , Fernandes Henrique Jorge , Acedo Tiago S S , de Carvalho Victor Valério 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim with this trial was to evaluate the effects of 25-OH Vit D3 in serum metabolites of growing grazing Nellore young bulls during the rainy season with two different supplementary P levels. Two independent and sequential trials were performed: first one using a 250 g/kg CP supplement containing 8 g/kg of P, and the second one using the same 25% CP supplement, with no addition of P. In each trial, eighteen young bulls of 385 kg BW and 18 months of age were randomly assigned to the two treatments (n=9 animals/treatment): addition or not (control) of 25-OH Vit D3 (ROVIMIX Hy-D 1.25%, Hy-D) to the supplement. Animals were placed in a paddock of B. brizantha, cv. Marandú, equipped with electronic feeders that provided individual access (animal/treatment). On day 31 of each trial, blood samples were taken for determination of 25-OH Vit D3, IGF-1, Ca, P, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCa). In each trial, data were analyzed according to a complete randomized design. In the first trial (8 g/kg of P in supplement) the use of Hy-D (Control vs Hy-D) increased serum concentrations of 25-OH Vit D3 (25.8 vs 30.0 ng/mL, P&lt; 0.03); not affecting the others variables. In the second trial, when no P was not added to the supplement, the use of Hy-D (Control vs Hy-D) increased serum concentrations of 25-OH Vit D3 (25.4 vs 44.7 ng/mL, P&lt; 0.01); Ca (10.8 vs 11.3 mg/dL, P&lt; 0.07); P (7.4 vs 8.3 mg/dL, P&lt; 0.08); ALP (205 vs 263 U/L, P&lt; 0.04); IGF-1 (256 vs 327 ng/mL, P&lt; 0.07); and did not affect OCa (P&lt; 0.27). These results showed that positive effects of Hy-D on metabolism could be dependent of dietary P level, with Hy-D being able to maintain the levels of Ca, P and serum metabolites related to growth when no P was supplied in the supplement.
PSVIII-21 Modulation of Goat Plasma Proteins Using Different Preparations of Garlic
Authors: Jagana Sowmya , Inupala Sreenavya , Pande Priyanka , Uzzaman Md Rasel , Mulumebet Worku 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different garlic preparations on plasma protein concentration and Galectin secretion in goat blood. Inflammatory diseases caused by pathogens including gastrointestinal parasites impact goat gut health and productivity. Changes in plasma protein concentration are indicators of health status with application in inflammatory disease diagnosis and prognosis. Galectins (Gals) are small soluble proteins that contain one or two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDS). ‘Prototype’ galectin-1, -2, -7, contain one CRD, Galectin 3 is chimeric, and galectin-4, -8, -9 and -12, are tandem repeat galectins with two CRDs. Galectins regulate biologic functions, immunity and disease pathogenesis and can serve as biomarkers. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a medicinal herb that has anti-parasitic and immuno-modulatory effects. Six (N=6) adult female clinically healthy Boer x Spanish goats were used. Blood was collected from the jugular vein and treated with different concentrations of fresh garlic, allicin, garlic barrier, or aged garlic (Sigma aldich). Total plasma protein secretion was evaluated using the BCA assay. Secretion of Gals 1(Prototype), Gal 3 (chimera type) and Gal 9 (tandem-repeat type) determined using commercial ELISA kits as recommended by the manufacturer. All variables were assessed using SAS analysis software (version 9.0, Sas Institute Cary, p≤0.05). Garlic treatment had a dose dependent effect on total plasma protein and Gals secretion. The protein secretion was affected by different types of garlic. Allicin (72.86μg/ml) reduced the concentration of plasma proteins. No change was observed with fresh garlic (156.334μg/ml) and garlic barrier (160.73μg/ml). Garlic barrier treatment increased protein secretion (6.3%) in goat blood. All Gals were detected (Gals 1 &gt;9 &gt;3), with a variable response to Garlic preparation (Garlic barrier &gt; fresh garlic Gals secretion). Garlic modulates protein secretion. Studies are needed to determine the effect of different preparations on leukocytes and molecular targets in goat blood.
PSVIII-7 Impact of Virginiamycin on Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production in a Lactation Diet
Authors: Jiang Yun , Humphrey Brooke , Garcia Miriam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To further understand the mode of action of virginiamycin (VM), an in vitro rumen fermentation study was conducted to determine the effects of VM on rumen fermentation and methane production using lactation diets. VM is approved for the control of liver abscesses in the United States and in preventing or treating ruminal acidosis in other countries. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey heifers were adapted to 53:47 forage to concentrate ratio diet for two weeks before use as rumen fluid donors. The treatments were control (CON) and VM (25 ppm). Diet was dried, ground to 1mm and used as substrate. Rumen fluid was collected two hours after feeding. Substrate (0.5 g) was inoculated with 100 mL of a 3:1 McDougall’s buffer:ruminal fluid mixture for 24 h at 39°C and constant agitation. Each treatment was run in triplicate and in three runs. Data were analyzed with a mixed model including treatment as the fixed effect and experimental run as a random effect using SAS software 9.4. Statistical significance was set when P≤0.05. Maximum gas production was less (P &lt; 0.01) in VM compared with CON (100 vs. 130 mL/g incubated DM). VM tended to reduce methane production per unit digested DM (6.71 vs. 9.88 mg/g digested DM; P=0.07) and per unit incubated DM (4.40 vs. 7.16 mg/g incubated DM; P=0.06). VM increased propionate molar % compared to CON (21.4 vs. 16.2%, P&lt; 0.01). VM reduced acetate:propionate compared to CON (2.84 vs. 3.85, P = 0.01). VM reduced DMD (65.5 vs. 72.5%, P=0.02) without reducing total VFA concentration compared with CON. VM tended to increase pH compared with CON (6.73 vs. 6.68, P=0.07). VM reduced methane production, increased propionate proportion, and maintained rumen pH in an in vitro fermentation system using an early lactation diet.
Days-of-the-Week Effect in Temporal Judgments
Authors: Sokolova Tatiana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Consumers often receive and evaluate temporal information, such as the number of days it will take a package to arrive or the number of days a vacation will last. Across eight preregistered studies (N = 4,758), we examine how using days-of-the-week information in descriptions of temporal intervals (e.g., “ordered on Monday, February 1, delivered on Saturday, February 6” vs. “ordered on February 1, delivered on February 6”) affects consumers’ duration perceptions. We propose that the days-of-the-week framing prompts people to rely on narrow-span implicit scales characterized by lower thresholds for magnitude categories. These implicit scales lead people to judge objectively equivalent temporal intervals to be longer, which in turn has downstream consequences for consumers’ time-versus-money tradeoffs, work planning, and provider-switching decisions. This research adds to our understanding of how decision context can activate different implicit scales and how these scales shape consumer judgments.
Skin Biopsy as a Novel Diagnostic Aid in Immune-Mediated Neuropathies
Authors: Min Young Gi , Ju Woohee , Ha Ye-Eun , Ban Jae-Jun , Shin Je-Young , Kim Sung-Min , Hong Yoon-Ho , Park Sung-Hye , Sung Jung-Joon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Immune-mediated neuropathies are a heterogenous group of inflammatory peripheral nerve disorders. They can be classified according to the domain where the autoimmune process begins: the internode, paranode, or node. However, conventional diagnostic tools, electrodiagnosis (EDX), and autoantibody testing do not fully address this issue. In this institutional cohort study, we investigated the value of dermal myelinated fiber analysis for target domain-based classification. Twenty-seven consecutive patients with immune-mediated neuropathies underwent skin biopsies. The sections were stained with antibodies representative of myelinated fiber domains and were scanned using a confocal microscope. Clinical and pathological features of each patient were reviewed comprehensively. Quantitative morphometric parameters were subjected to clustering analysis, which stratified patients into 3 groups. Cluster 1 (“internodopathy”) was characterized by prominent internodal disruption, intact nodes and paranodes, demyelinating EDX pattern, and absence of nodal-paranodal antibodies. Cluster 2 (“paranodopathy”) was characterized by paranodal disruption and corresponding antibodies. Morphological changes were restricted to the nodes in cluster 3; we designated this cluster as “nodopathy.” This report highlights the utility of skin biopsy as a diagnostic aid to gain pathogenic insight and classify patients with immune-mediated neuropathies.
Pancreas
Authors: Shrikhande Shailesh , Buchler Markus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over the last two decades, there have been major advances in imaging, endoscopy, and laparoscopy in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. GI surgery is the newest super-specialty branch of general surgery where enhanced expertise and high-volume centres have made a difference to the outcomes of complex operations. Surgeons can now do difficult procedures with low morbidity and mortality rates and greatly improved overall results. This volume provides detailed and up-to-date information on diseases of the pancreas. The pancreas continues to fascinate clinicians and researchers worldwide, due to its anatomical location deep inside the abdominal cavity and the various functions of the gland, some of which are well understood, but with others remaining ill defined. Last, but certainly not least, pancreatic surgery, along with liver surgery, remains the final frontier for the vast majority of gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeons. The information explosion in this era has resulted in cutting-edge developments in acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. Comprising evidence-based contributions from recognized leaders in pancreatology, this book covers contemporary issues in acute and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer to help practising surgeons and pancreatologists with the most up-to-date concepts in management. It will be a valuable resource for pancreas specialists, general surgeons with an interest in pancreatic diseases, researchers, and medical students.
Management of Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Maatman Thomas K. , Zyromski Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Necrotizing pancreatitis represents the most severe manifestation of acute pancreatitis, affecting 10–15% of those diagnosed with the disease. Necrotizing pancreatitis is a complex and heterogeneous disease process with a variable, but generally protracted course, often lasting 5–6 months in time. The focus of this chapter is on therapy for necrotizing pancreatitis, which has evolved substantially over the past decade. Minimally invasive treatments such as percutaneous, endoscopic, and minimally invasive surgical approaches have become first-line therapy; these techniques are often used in a combined, complementary fashion. Optimal treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis patients requires an invested clinician to help coordinate the multidisciplinary effort, and long-term follow-up is mandatory to detect late-developing complications of the disease. Improved understanding of the natural history of necrotizing pancreatitis, in conjunction with advances in critical care and expanding, appropriate application of minimally invasive therapeutic techniques, has led to improved outcomes overall in this patient population. Nevertheless, a critical deficit remains in incomplete knowledge of the fundamental underlying disease processes; current therapy is directed towards treating complications of the disease, and not the underlying disease itself.
Molecular Understanding and Pathophysiology of Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Rosendahl Jonas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is a complex disorder not only with regard to its diagnosis and treatment, but also in the understanding of its underlying mechanisms. The predominant aetiology is alcohol misuse, often together with smoking. Although these risk factors have been identified for years, the mechanisms of chronic pancreatitis development are not fully understood. It is most likely a complex disease with different risk factors that, if coexisting, can reach a certain threshold resulting in disease development. In the last decades, several genetic risk factors of chronic pancreatitis have been identified and most of the underlying mechanisms can be summarized in a trypsin-dependent pathway. This pathway highlights the importance of the intra-pancreatic balance between proteases and anti-proteases as the pathophysiological backbone of the disease.
Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Elhence Anshuman , Mahapatra Soumya Jagannath , Garg Pramod Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with significant abdominal pain in 90% of patients. The mechanism of pain is not well understood but is likely due to recurrent or chronic inflammation, pancreatic ductal obstruction secondary to stones and/or stricture, or pseudocyst. Management of CP is directed at pain relief and control of diabetes and exocrine insufficiency. The generally accepted management strategy for pain control is a step-up therapy which consists of medical treatment, endoscopic therapy, and finally surgery. Optimal medical treatment should include advice for abstinence from alcohol and smoking, a well-balanced diet, analgesics, pancreatic enzyme supplementation, and antioxidants. Pregabalin may be helpful in the short term in patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Endoscopic therapy is required if medical therapy fails to relieve pain and there is evidence of pancreatic ductal obstruction due to stones and/or stricture causing dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. Endoscopic therapy consists of pancreatic sphincterotomy, stricture dilatation, stone removal, and stenting of the pancreatic duct. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) may be required to fragment large stones. Pancreatic pseudocysts are best treated with endoscopic transmural or transpapillary drainage, depending on their size and location. Benign biliary stricture may also be treated effectively with endoscopic therapy. More than 80% of patients with CP get significant pain relief with a combination of different therapeutic modalities under the care of a multidisciplinary team.
Antiseizure Medications in Patients on Chemotherapy or Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Asadi-Pooya Ali A. , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seizures may occur in patients with cancer as a consequence of direct central nervous system invasion by tumor cells, adverse effects of treatment (surgery, radiation, systemic therapies), systemic infections in immunocompromised patients, or from metabolic derangements resulting from the effects of systemic cancer (e.g., hypocalcemia, hyponatremia). Antiseizure medications (ASMs) are thus indicated in patients with cancer who present with epilepsy; however, patients with cancer are also at a high risk for drug-drug interactions. As well, chemotherapeutic agents may lose effectiveness when enzyme-inducing ASMs are prescribed. It is advisable to use ASMs that do not interfere with the cytochrome P-450 enzyme complex.
Antiseizure Medications in Patients with Coronavirus Infections
Authors: Asadi-Pooya Ali A. , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Management of COVID-19 in people with epilepsy may be more complicated than that in other individuals. In general, it appears that people with COVID-19 are unlikely to develop seizures. However, patients critically ill with COVID-19 may develop seizures as a consequence of hypoxia, metabolic derangements, organ failure, or cerebral damage. Seizure in these critically ill patients must be recognized and stopped immediately. However, because these patients suffer from severe respiratory and/or cardiac problems, antiseizure medications (ASMs) with significant respiratory or cardiac adverse effects (e.g., phenytoin, phenobarbital) should be avoided. As well, the combination regimens used to treat COVID-19 often include substrates, inducers, and inhibitors of several cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes, and complex interactions may occur when some ASMs are administered to patients receiving treatment for coronavirus infection.
Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Schröder Johannes , Herold Christina J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor motor and sensory changes that are frequently found in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including subjects with an increased liability to them, but can also be observed in bipolar disorder and dementia. In schizophrenia, high NSS-scores, which typically mark acute psychotic states, decrease in the course of illness with remission of acute symptoms. This process continues in patients with a favorable course but does not lead to a complete “normalization” of NSS, which remain in the range typical for subjects with an increased liability. As a transdiagnostic phenomenon, NSS are associated with similar symptoms and neurocognitive deficits across the respective disorders, such as negative symptoms, apathy or executive and declarative memory dysfunction. Neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia identified frontal cortices, including pre- and postcentral gyrus, inferior and middle frontal gyrus, and premotor area, alongside cerebellum, caudate, and thalamus as important sites for NSS. NSS can be used for early recognition and clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia and have the potential to facilitate our understanding of the cerebral mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology.
Behavioral Abnormalities in Other Genetic and Nongenetic Causes of Chorea
Authors: Maciel Ricardo , Maia Débora Palma , Cardoso Francisco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Behavioral abnormalities associated with choreas are related to disruption of the basal ganglia and their connections. The most common causes of genetic choreas in children are benign hereditary chorea (BHC) and ADCY-5 mutations. Many individuals with BHC present with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other learning disability. The spectrum of behavioral problems in carriers of ADCY-5 mutations is broader, including autistic spectrum disorder, impulsivity, ADHD, and learning disability. Sydenham’s chorea, the most common etiology of childhood-onset chorea, is often associated with ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and emotional lability. Other rarer behavioral problems include psychosis and trichotillomania. The list of causes of Huntington’s disease (HD) phenocopies, also called HD-like diseases (HDLs), is long. Among Caucasians, C9orf72 expansion is the most common identifiable etiology of HD-like disease. As this condition often causes frontotemporal dementia, patients may evolve with apathy, impulsivity, wandering, ADHD, and OCD. In contrast, in people of African origin, HDL-2 is the most common HD phenocopy. Its behavioral abnormalities perfectly mimic HD. Acquired choreas in adults, including vascular chorea, commonly present with a pure movement disorder, lacking behavioral abnormalities. The notable exception is systemic lupus erythematosus and related conditions, such as primary antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome. Classically, individuals with these conditions develop psychosis, ADHD, OCD, and other abnormalities.
Neurometabolic Diseases
Authors: Thakur Nivedita , Black Moira , Russo Sam Nicholas , Koenig Mary Kay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Neurometabolic diseases are a group of disorders that lead to a disruption in the normal metabolism within the body and nervous system. Abnormalities of metabolic processes at any level can lead to a wide spectrum of clinical features and pathologies. The nervous system is particularly susceptible to metabolic derangements, either inborn or acquired. Early diagnosis can prevent or delay damage to the nervous system through appropriate treatment when possible. Many neurometabolic disorders have poor prognoses, and patients often present and succumb within months to the early years of life; however, some disorders can present later in life with varying levels of severity. In many later onset cases, the diagnosis is preceded by nonspecific symptoms including psychiatric manifestations. In addition to psychiatric manifestations, various neurological features often occur at some point in the course of the disease. Of these features, movement disorders are particularly common. In fact, many neurometabolic diseases will present with subtle movement disorders that are often missed or overlooked. Many congenital metabolic diseases are rapidly neurodegenerative and, due to the nature of such diseases, result in early demise or severe cognitive decline. While by no means exhaustive, this chapter aims to outline and discuss some of the neurometabolic diseases that present with both psychiatric and movement disorders as prominent features.