bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-24 Neurorehabilitation Improves Neuropsychological Symptoms in Active and Retired NFL Players
Authors: Kornfeld S , Kalambaheti E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of concussions in the NFL have decreased since 2017, however, they still occur frequently with about 177 concussions occurring per season. Neuropsychological symptoms continue to persist long after these players are cleared to return to play. This could be because the underlying cause of these symptoms may have not fully been addressed through neurorehabilitation. Methods: A neurorehabilitation clinic treated 4 active or retired NFL players with symptoms relating to head injury obtained during participation in their sport. A 5-day, multi-modal neurorehabilitation program was administered in 10 one-hour treatment sessions. Each session consisted of a combination of photobiomodulation, repetitive peripheral somatosensory stimulation, neuromuscular reeducation, vestibular rehabilitation, orthoptic exercises, cognitive exercises, and/or off-vertical axis rotation utilizing a multi-axis rotational chair. Results: On intake, a SCAT5 graded symptom checklist was performed with symptoms falling into four domains: somatic, emotional, cognitive, and sleep. The average overall symptom severity score was 57.75, and the average severity of emotional domain symptoms (Nervousness/Anxiety, Irritability, Sadness, More Emotional) was 14.5. On average, emotional domain symptom severity score decreased by 82.76% compared to the 72.73% decrease in total symptom severity. Conclusions: This neurorehabilitation program has shown to be beneficial at decreasing the severity in both overall symptoms and emotional domain symptoms in NFL players with persistent post-concussion symptoms. The authors suggest further research be performed over larger player populations and in other contact sports.
A-30 Preliminary Evidence for the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening-Child (VOMS-C) for Patients with Concussion (ages 5–9)
Authors: Mehmel B M , Trbovich A M , Mucha A , Eagle S , Kegel N , Fazio-Sumrok V , Collins M W , Kontos A P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To establish preliminary evidence (i.e., predictive validity) for the new Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening Child Version (VOMS-C) in a sample of concussed patients and controls aged 5–9 years. A secondary purpose was to identify risk factors for false positives in healthy controls. Methods: This study included 80 patients ages 5–9 (7.40+/−1.09, 41% female) years with a concussion during the past 30 days recruited from a concussion clinic, and 40 age- and sex-matched controls (7.10+/−1.26 years, 45% female). Participants completed a clinical interview, and the VOMS-C. Groups were compared with independent samples t-tests and chi-square analyses. Backwards stepwise logistic regression (LR) was used to discriminate groups and inform a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with area under the curve (AUC) values. Chi-square analyses with odds ratios (OR) were conducted to examine false positives in controls. Results: VOMS-C item provocation ranged from 2.5–20% in the control group and 13.2–30.3% for the concussed group. Results from the LR discriminated concussed from controls (R2 = 0.39; p &lt; 0.001) with smooth pursuits (p = 0.047), family depression history (p = 0.02), and near-point of convergence distance (p = 0.01), as significant predictors. ROC curve analysis including these three predictors supported an AUC = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73–0.89; p &lt; 0.001) for differentiating concussed from controls. False positives among controls were only related to family history of anxiety (OR 13.37, CI 1.45–122.88, p = 0.007). Conclusions: The findings provide preliminary support for the VOMS-C to identify concussed patients aged 5–9 years.
A-35 Utility of the Child SCAT-5 for Identifying Concussion In Children Aged 5–9 Years
Authors: Preszler J , Trbovich A , Shaffer M , Fazio-Sumrok V , Kegel N , Collins M W , Kontos A P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 Child (Child SCAT-5) is designed to assess concussion in children aged 5 to 12 years and includes child- and parent-reported symptoms, as well as brief cognitive and balance screening. However, researchers have yet to examine the utility of the Child SCAT-5 for identifying concussion in young (5–9 years) children. Methods: 139 total participants aged 5–9 years (M = 7.31 ± 1.15, 43.9% female) consisted of 96 participants presenting within 30 days of concussion (M = 8.90 ± 5.78 days; 38.5% sport-related) and 43 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Participants and parents completed a clinical interview and Child SCAT-5 at their first visit. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were estimated on the Child SCAT-5 balance and cognitive screening components, parent and child total and symptom severity reports, as well as each individual parent- and child-rated symptom’s severity. Results: Area under the curve (AUC) values fell between 0.32 and 0.64 for cognitive, balance, and symptom rating components. Variables with highest AUC values included parent-rated symptoms worsening after physical activity (0.73) and cognitive activity (0.72). Individual symptom severity items with highest AUC values included headaches (parent = 0.89; child = 0.81), tired a lot (parent = 0.75), and tired easily (parent = 0.72; child = 0.72). Conclusions: Results suggest the Child SCAT-5’s individual symptoms were useful in identifying concussion, but cognitive/balance domains were not. Parent-rated symptom worsening after cognitive/physical activity fell in the acceptable range. Results support use of the Child SCAT-5 symptom components as part of a multifaceted concussion evaluation.
A-39 Baseline And Initial Post-Injury Presentation Of Athletes With Self-Reported Neurodevelopmental Disorders As Measured By ImPACT
Authors: Rubinstein J B , McGrath N , Jackson A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To compare neurocognitive profiles of high school athletes with self-reported LD and/or ADHD neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) to controls at baseline (BL) and during initial post-injury (PI) testing with ImPACT. Methods: A sample of 155 (112 males, 43 females) high school athletes who completed BL and PI testing with ImPACT from 2019 to present was analyzed. Students who self-reported ND (n = 36) were compared to those who did not. ImPACT composites Verbal Memory (VM), Visual Memory (VisM), Visual Motor Speed (VMS), Reaction Time (RT), Impulse Control (IC), and Total Symptom Score (TSS) were measured as dependent variables. Data was analyzed using multiple one-way ANOVA’s accounting for gender and presence of ND as fixed factors. Results: One-way ANOVA (CI = 95%) revealed a five-point difference on BL-VMS between NDs and controls (p &lt; 0.001). ND students’ performance declined more after injury on VMS (p = 0.042). Analysis also showed ND PI-IC score about two points higher than controls (p = 0.014). With respect to gender, females reported greater symptoms on PI and more symptom increase than their male counterparts (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.01; respectively). Lastly, ND males performed eight points lower on BL-VM than ND females (p = 0.031). Conclusions: The present study confirms that performance differences on ImPACT VMS may be expected between student-athletes with self-reported ND and their counterparts. Gender appears to contribute to performance on some measures of ImPACT; females endorse more symptoms than males PI, and ND males perform worse on BL-VM than ND females.
Where is WAIR (and other wing-assisted behaviours)? Essentially everywhere: a response to Kuznetsov and Panyutina (2022)
Authors: Heers Ashley M , Tobalske Bret W , Jackson Brandon E , Dial Kenneth P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Kuznetsov and Panyutina (2022) offer a reanalysis of the kinematic and force plate data previously published by Bundle and Dial (2003). Their intention is to describe instantaneous wing forces during wing-assisted incline running (WAIR), focusing particularly on the upstroke phase. Based on their interpretation of wing forces and muscle function, the authors conclude that ‘WAIR is a very specialized mode of locomotion that is employed by a few specialized birds as an adaptation to a very specific environment and involving highly developed flying features of the locomotor apparatus’, and thus not relevant to the evolution of avian flight. Herein, we respond to the authors’ interpretations, offering an alternative perspective on WAIR and, more generally, on studies exploring the evolution of avian flight.
Johann Gottfried Herder, Enlightenment Anthropology, and the Jew as a ‘Parasitic Plant’
Authors: Niekerk Carl 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Buffon’s ‘Histoire naturelle de l’homme’, published in volumes two and three of the Histoire naturelle (1749), was key to the development of a new material history of humankind with scientific ambitions that wanted to understand humans as part of natural history and eventually would be called ‘anthropology’. Buffon understands humanity as consisting of one species, to which the same natural laws apply as for any other species. He understands human diversity as the product of space and time; because of geographical and climatological factors, humans develop differently in different parts of the world. Among German intellectuals, Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) is a key figure in promoting Buffon’s thinking, in particular by assigning a central role to the concept of ‘culture’. The following essay focuses on the role the image of Jews plays in the emerging intertwined discourses of natural history and anthropology during the second half of the eighteenth century as it manifests itself in Herder’s writings. Herder’s views of Jews are highly contradictory. While he is respectful of their history and culture, he also refers to them in derogatory terms, calling them twice in the Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit a ‘parasitic plant’. To understand Herder’s ambiguity, his views of Jews are traced back to the premises underlying his thinking in natural history and anthropology.
Prognostic risk stratification of gliomas using deep learning in digital pathology images
Authors: Chunduru Pranathi , Phillips Joanna J , Molinaro Annette M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Evaluation of tumor-tissue images stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is pivotal in diagnosis, yet only a fraction of the rich phenotypic information is considered for clinical care. Here, we propose a survival deep learning (SDL) framework to extract this information to predict glioma survival.

Methods
Digitized whole slide images were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for 766 diffuse glioma patients, including isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant/1p19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant/1p19q-intact astrocytoma, and IDH-wildtype astrocytoma/glioblastoma. Our SDL framework employs a residual convolutional neural network with a survival model to predict patient risk from H&E-stained whole-slide images. We used statistical sampling techniques and randomized the transformation of images to address challenges in learning from histology images. The SDL risk score was evaluated in traditional and recursive partitioning (RPA) survival models.

Results
The SDL risk score demonstrated substantial univariate prognostic power (median concordance index of 0.79 [se: 0.01]). After adjusting for age and World Health Organization 2016 subtype, the SDL risk score was significantly associated with overall survival (OS; hazard ratio = 2.45; 95% CI: 2.01 to 3.00). Four distinct survival risk groups were characterized by RPA based on SDL risk score, IDH status, and age with markedly different median OS ranging from 1.03 years to 14.14 years.

Conclusions
The present study highlights the independent prognostic power of the SDL risk score for objective and accurate prediction of glioma outcomes. Further, we show that the RPA delineation of patient-specific risk scores and clinical prognostic factors can successfully demarcate the OS of glioma patients.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Elbow Fractures: Marked Change in Management and Resource Utilization, Without a Change in Incidence
Authors: Schultz Jacob D. , Windmueller Rachel , Rees Andrew B. , Wollenman Lucas C. , Lempert Nathaniel L. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. , Moore-Lotridge Stephanie N. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Elbow fractures are the most common pediatric fractures requiring operative treatment. Although recent reports have suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic has markedly reduced the incidence of pediatric fractures, no study has specifically evaluated the impact on pediatric elbow fractures. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the incidence, severity, and resource utilization for managing pediatric elbow fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with prepandemic years.

Methods:
A prepandemic (2007 to 2017) cohort and a COVID-19 pandemic period (March 2020 to March 2021) cohort of pediatric elbow injuries from a single tertiary hospital were retrospectively examined and compared. Exclusion criteria included outside treatment or lack of diagnosis by an orthopedist. Presentation information, injury patterns, transport, and treatment requirements were collected.

Results:
Although the incidence of pediatric elbow fractures and rate of neurovascular injury were comparable, seasonal patterns were not sustained and the rate of fracture displacement was found to be significantly elevated in the COVID-19 period compared with nonpandemic years. Likewise, marked changes to where patients first presented (emergency department vs. Clinic), how the patients were transported, and the distance traveled for care were observed. Specifically, patients were more likely to present to the clinic, were more likely to self-transport instead of using emergency medical service transportation, and traveled a greater distance for care, on average. Aligning with these changes, the resources utilized for the treatment of pediatric elbow fracture markedly changed during the COVID-19 period. This study found that there was an increase in the overall number of surgeries performed, the total operative time required to treat elbow fractures, and the number of patients requiring admission during the COVID-19 period.

Conclusions:
These data provide a contrasting viewpoint to prior reports, illustrating that the incidence of elbow fractures remained consistent during the COVID-19 period, whereas the operative volume and need for hospital admission increased compared with years prior. Furthermore, this study demonstrated how the COVID-19 pandemic altered the interface between pediatric patients with elbow fractures and our institution regarding the location of presentation and transportation.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective cohort study.
Comparison of patient-reported and functional outcomes after transition from traditional upper limb prosthetics to multiarticulating hands in the user with a unilateral transradial amputation
Authors: MacEachen Vincent B. , Davie-Smith Fiona , Carse Bruce 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Multiarticulating hands (MAHs) have been commercially available for over 15 years. Despite this, their cost remains significantly higher than traditional electric hands, and they are not routinely available in many countries. The Scottish Specialist Prosthetic Service within the National Health Service has been prescribing MAHs since 2014. However, the benefits of MAHs provided in clinical settings are not well known.

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare patient-reported and functional measures in unilateral transradial prosthetic users transitioning from a body-powered or traditional myoelectric prosthesis to a MAH.

Study design:
This was a retrospective cohort analysis of individuals with a unilateral transradial amputation provided with a MAH.

Methods:
Of 38 users provided with MAHs, 20 had complete data sets of patient-reported and functional measures before and 6 months after provision. These included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure Index of Function; health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L Health Index); Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales satisfaction; and Box and Block Test.

Results:
The mean age was 44 years (SD 16) (n = 20), and 75% were male. There were an 8-unit mean reduction in the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (P = .01) and a 9.5-unit improvement in the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure IOF (P = .007) at 6 months after provision. Health-related quality of life did not change (P = .581). Users reported a four-point improvement in their Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (P = .004) and transferred 3.3 blocks more completing the Box and Block Test (P = .001).

Conclusions:
The evidence clearly supports continued provision of MAHs to this group of moderate users: the more function the user achieves, the less of a disability they perceive to have.
Solitary Central Nervous System Relapse of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Feng Lijuan , Yang Xu , Lu Xia , Wang Wei , Yang Jigang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A 41-year-old woman received stem cell transplant due to acute myeloid leukemia. Six months after the stem cell transplant, the patient experienced monomorphic PTLD (posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder) and underwent chemotherapy. Postchemotherapy PET/CT did not show any abnormal 18F-FDG accumulation in the scanned body, including brain. Four months later, she presented with nausea and vomiting. Brain MRI showed a lesion in the right temporal lobe. In addition to the abnormal 18F-FDG accumulation in the brain, no other abnormal foci were noted in the torso PET/CT. Biopsy pathology confirmed the diagnosis of monomorphic PTLD.
How tactile afferents in the human fingerpad encode tangential torques associated with manipulation: are we better than monkeys?
Authors: Loutit Alastair J. , Wheat Heather E. , Khamis Heba , Vickery Richard M. , Macefield Vaughan G. , Birznieks Ingvars 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDexterous object manipulation depends critically on information about forces normal and tangential to the fingerpads, and also on torque associated with object orientation at grip surfaces. In this study we investigated how torque information is encoded by human tactile afferents, including slowly adapting type-II (SA-II) afferents, in the fingerpads. SA-II afferent properties seemed perfectly suited for torque encoding but could not be previously investigated as they are absent in the glabrous skin of monkeys. Torques of different magnitudes (3.5-7.5 mNm) were applied in clockwise and anticlockwise directions to a standard central site on the fingerpads of 34 participants. Torques were superimposed on a 2 N, 3 N, or 4 N background normal force. Unitary microneurography recordings were made from fast adapting type-I (FA-I, n=39), slowly adapting type-I (SA-I, n=31), and type-II (SA-II, n=13) afferents supplying the fingerpads. All three afferent types encoded torque magnitude and direction, with SA-II afferents showing excitatory and inhibitory modulation depending on torque direction. Most afferents of all three types had higher torque sensitivity with smaller normal force. FA-I afferents showed the best torque magnitude and worst directional discrimination abilities in both species. Human SA-I afferent response to static torque was inferior to dynamic stimuli, while in monkeys the opposite was true. In humans this might be compensated by the addition of a sustained SA-II afferent input. In comparison to monkeys the performance of each afferent type was inferior in humans, likely due to differences in fingertip tissue compliance and skin friction. [currently 246 words; 250 words max]Significance StatementWe investigate how individual human tactile nerve fibres encode rotational forces (torques) and compare them to their monkey counterparts. Human hands, but not monkey hands, are innervated by a tactile neuron type (SA-II afferents) specialised to encode directional skin strain, yet so far, torque encoding has only been studied in monkeys. We find that human SA- I afferents were generally less sensitive and less able to discriminate torque magnitude and direction than their monkey counterparts, especially during the static phase of torque loading. However, this shortfall in humans could be compensated by the addition of SA-II afferent input. This indicates that variation in afferent types might compliment their specialisation for stimulus features, by slight differences between encoding in the two species.
KDM6A loss sensitizes human acute myeloid leukemia to PARP and BCL2 inhibition
Authors: Boila Liberalis Debraj , Ghosh Subhadeep , Bandyopadhyay Subham K. , Jin Liqing , Murison Alex , Zeng Andy G. X. , Shaikh Wasim , Bhowmik Satyaki , Muddineni Siva Sai Naga Anurag , Biswas Mayukh , Sinha Sayantani , Chatterjee Shankha Subhra , Mbong Nathan , Gan Olga I. , Bose Anwesha , Chakraborty Sayan , Arruda Andrea , Kennedy James A. , Mitchell Amanda , Lechman Eric R. , Banerjee Debasis , Milyavsky Michael , Minden Mark D. , Dick John E. , Sengupta Amitava 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous, aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis and with limited availability of targeted therapies. AML exhibits epigenetic deregulation and transcriptional plasticity that contributes to pathogenesis. KDM6 proteins are histone-3 lysine-27 demethylases that play major context dependent roles in AML evolution and therapy resistance. Here, we demonstrate that KDM6 demethylase function critically regulates DNA damage repair (DDR) gene expression programs in AML. Mechanistically, KDM6 family protein expression is regulated by genotoxic stress, with deficiency of KDM6A (UTX) and KDM6B (JMJD3) impairing DDR transcriptional activation and compromising repair potential. Acquired KDM6A loss-of-function mutations have been implicated in chemoresistance, although a significant percentage of relapsed AML have upregulated KDM6A. Based on these mechanistic findings, olaparib treatment significantly reduced engraftment of patient-derived xenografts. Thus KDM6A-mutant human primary AML samples have increased susceptibility to Poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibition in vivo. Crucially, a higher KDM6A expression is correlated with venetoclax tolerance. Loss of KDM6A increased mitochondrial activity, BCL2 expression, and sensitized AML cells to venetoclax. Additionally, KDM6A loss was accompanied with a downregulated BCL2A1, which is commonly associated with venetoclax resistance. Corroborating these results, dual targeting of PARP and BCL2 was superior to PARP or BCL2 inhibitor monotherapy in inducing AML apoptosis, and primary AML cells carrying acquired KDM6A-domain mutations were even more sensitive to the combination. Together, our study illustrates a mechanistic rationale in support for a novel combination targeted therapy for human AML based on subtype heterogeneity, and establishes KDM6A as an important molecular regulator for determining therapeutic efficacy.