bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic quantification of immunosenescent CD8+ TEMRA cells in human blood
Authors: Salumets Ahto , Tserel Liina , Rumm Anna P. , Türk Lehte , Kingo Külli , Saks Kai , Oras Astrid , Uibo Raivo , Tamm Riin , Peterson Hedi , Kisand Kai , Peterson Pärt 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAge‐related changes in human T‐cell populations are important contributors to immunosenescence. In particular, terminally differentiated CD8+ effector memory CD45RA+ TEMRA cells and their subsets have characteristics of cellular senescence, accumulate in older individuals, and are increased in age‐related chronic inflammatory diseases. In a detailed T‐cell profiling among individuals over 65 years of age, we found a high interindividual variation among CD8+ TEMRA populations. CD8+ TEMRA proportions correlated positively with cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody levels, however, not with the chronological age. In the analysis of over 90 inflammation proteins, we identified plasma TRANCE/RANKL levels to associate with several differentiated T‐cell populations, including CD8+ TEMRA and its CD28− subsets. Given the strong potential of CD8+ TEMRA cells as a biomarker for immunosenescence, we used deep‐amplicon bisulfite sequencing to match their frequencies in flow cytometry with CpG site methylation levels and developed a computational model to predict CD8+ TEMRA cell proportions from whole blood genomic DNA. Our findings confirm the association of CD8+ TEMRA and its subsets with CMV infection and provide a novel tool for their high throughput epigenetic quantification as a biomarker of immunosenescence.
European countries have different rates of sperm cryopreservation before vasectomy and at the time of reversal
Authors: Degraeve Amandine , Roumeguere Thierry , Tilmans Gilles , Marotta Marie‐Laura , Huyghe Eric , Fournier Georges , Faix Antoine , Spinoit Anne‐Françoise , Decaestecker Karel , Herve François , Boitrelle Florence , Lahdensuo Kanerva , Van damme Julien ,   the Société Belge d'Urologie (SBU), the Belgische Vereniging voor Urologen (BVU), the Association Française d'Urologie (AFU), the Nederlandse Vereniging voor Urologie (NVU), the Société d'Andrologie de Langue Française (SALF), the Finnish Urological Society (FUS).
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionEffective male contraceptive options are condoms and vasectomy. Vasectomy should not be considered a reversible method of contraception even if vasovasostomy can be offered to men to restore fertility after vasectomy. Therefore, there is a real questioning among urologists concerning cryopreservation before vasectomy. We carried out an international survey concerning the practice of cryopreservation before vasectomy and during vasovasostomy.Material and methodsAn online anonymous survey was submitted from January to June 2021 to six European urological societies. The 31‐items questionnaire included questions about demography, habits of cryopreservation before vasectomy or during vasectomy reversal, and in case of urogenital cancers.Results228 urologists from six urological societies in five different countries (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Finland) answered the questionnaire. French urologists were more in favor of cryopreservation before vasectomy than other European urologists (p < 0.0001). They also significantly found that not talking about cryopreservation before vasectomy is a medical fault unlike other urologists (p < 0.0001). The specialization in andrology did not influence the choice of cryopreservation before vasectomy (p = 0.9452). The majority of urologists did not perform intraoperative sperm extraction during vasovasostomy (81%; n = 127) with a significant difference between urologists with or without andrology training (p = 0.0146). Success rates after vasovasostomy are significantly better for robot‐assisted surgery (p = 0.0159) or with a microscope (p = 0.0456) versus without a microscope.ConclusionCryopreservation before definitive sterilization significantly varies among European urologists and seems to be mostly dictated by habits than by knowledge. An international consensus is needed to standardize practices and guide patients’ choices.
Towards a geography of queer temporalities: Time, space and rural–urban migrant gay men's exploration of sexuality in China
Authors: Luo Muyuan , Li Tangmei , Qi Shaojie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBuilding on the geography of sexualities and queer temporality studies, this research investigates the entanglement of sexuality, time and space with a case study of rural–urban migrant gay men in China. Based on participant observations and in‐depth interviews with 46 Chinese rural–urban migrant gay men, we identify three forms of queer temporality – queer biographical time, queer life stage, and queer clock time – emerging from Chinese gay men's life stories. We also demonstrate how these different forms of queer temporality are conditioned by and influence certain spatial practices among our informants. In doing so, this analysis contributes to the geographical research on sexuality by challenging the rural/urban dichotomy in the existing literature on the one hand, and exploring the possibilities for a geography of queer temporality on the other.
Eastern Europe: The ‘other’ geographies in the colonial global economy
Authors: Balogun Bolaji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article engages with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and its entanglement with the maintenance of the transatlantic colonial economy established by its powerful imperial neighbours. In doing so, the article signals an argument that the processes of the colonial global economy cannot be reduced to the West, but are also essential in the development of ‘other’ European geographies that have been thought of as detached, non‐complicit and irrelevant to transatlantic narratives of slavery and empires. The focus here is directed towards the benefits of ‘associated trades’ that, when viewed through Charles Mills's ‘racial contract’ framework, offer an alternative longue durée of connected geographies that makes visible Eastern Europe's links to the benefits of the colonial global economy.
Effect of crude protein reduction in blood, performance, immunological, and intestinal histological parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Kuritza Leandro Nagae , De Almeida Leopoldo Malcorra , Dos Santos Marley Conceição , Bassi Lucas Schmidt , Sonálio Katiucia Cristine , Maiorka Alex , De Oliveira Simone Gisele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the effects of the reduction in dietary crude protein (CP) on blood urea, uric acid, performance, immunity, and intestinal histology of broilers. Four diets were formulated with 22.50%, 21.50%, 20.50%, and 19.50% of CP (1 to 21 days) and 19.20%, 18.20%, 17.20%, and 16.20% of CP (22 to 42 days), meeting the requirements of essential amino acids in all diets. A total of 800 male Ross chicks were randomly allocated to 32 pens, with 25 birds each (n = 8). Blood and intestines had been collected for analysis. Uric acid decreased and urea increased with the reduction of CP (p < 0.05). Reduction in performance and intestinal parameters (villus, crypt, and goblet cells) was observed with the reduction of CP (p < 0.05). Lower levels of CP resulted in alteration (p < 0.05) in CD4 and CD8 lineages (21 and 42 days). Broken‐line models estimated (p < 0.05) the CP requirement for growth between 21% and 21.3% (1 to 21 days) and between 17.2% and 17.4% (22 to 42 days) and CP requirements between 17.2% and 18.2% for maximum response of immune cells (42 days). Reduction in dietary CP has a negative impact on performance, immune response, and intestinal histology of broilers, even with adequate levels of essential amino acids.
Mexican‐origin youths’ language brokering for fathers and mothers: Daily experiences and youths’ diurnal cortisol slopes
Authors: Kim Su Yeong , Wen Wen , Chen Shanting , Yan Jinjin , Song Jiaxiu , Zhang Minyu , Zeiders Katharine H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examined the associations of language brokering stressintensityandexposurewith Mexican‐origin youths’ cortisol responses when brokering for fathers and mothers, and the moderating role of youths’ brokering efficacy in these relations. Participants were 289 adolescents (Mage = 17.38,SD = .94, 52% girls) in immigrant families. When brokering for mothers, stressexposurewas related to flatter (less healthy) same‐day diurnal slopes in youth. When brokering for fathers, daily brokering efficacy buffered the detrimental link between stressintensityand youths’ same‐day cortisol slopes. When brokering for fathers/mothers, stressintensityandexposurewere related to flatter (less healthy) next‐day diurnal slopes. Although daily brokering stress can relate to youth physiologic functioning, feeling efficacious about brokering may buffer the negative ramifications of stress.
Cutaneous immune-related adverse events and photodamaged skin in patients with metastatic melanoma: could nicotinamide be useful?
Authors: De Giorgi Vincenzo , Colombo Jacopo , Trane Luciana , Silvestri Flavia , Venturi Federico , Zuccaro Biancamaria , Doni Laura , Stanganelli Ignazio , Covarelli Piero 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCutaneous immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur in more than one-third of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors; they are often the first clinical manifestation, although they may occur months after initiation of therapy. We noticed that our patients usually have these cutaneous AEs on photodamaged skin. In fact, out of 19 patients being treated for metastatic melanoma, 8 (42%), all of whom had significant cutaneous actinic damage, developed cutaneous irAEs earlier and in a more serious form than those without such damage. Thus, we gave a high oral dose of nicotinamide (500 mg twice daily) to the patients with metastatic melanoma who had photodamaged skin, and continued this for the entire duration of the immunotherapy. The appearance of the first signs of cutaneous irAEs was 180 days after starting therapy in nicotinamide-treated patients, compared with 65 days for patients not treated with nicotinamide.
Effects and acceptance of semipermeable gloves compared to cotton gloves in patients with hand dermatoses: Results of a controlled intervention study
Authors: Heichel Theres , Sonsmann Flora Karla , John Swen‐Malte , Krambeck Kathrin , Maurer Julia , Nienhaus Albert , Nordheider Kathrin , Stasielowicz Lukasz , Wilke Annika , Brans Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSemipermeable gloves might be an alternative to cotton gloves in management of hand dermatoses.ObjectivesTo compare acceptance and tolerability of gloves made of cotton or a semipermeable Sympatex membrane in patients with hand dermatoses and their effect on skin lesions when worn overnight.MethodsA total of 199 patients with work‐related symmetrical hand dermatoses were asked to wear a cotton glove (COT) on one hand and a Sympatex glove underneath a cotton glove (SYM/COT) on the other hand for 19 consecutive nights. The severity of skin lesions was regularly examined. A questionnaire on acceptance and tolerability was used in a subset of 126 patients.ResultsData on skin lesions were available for 183 participating patients (92%). The severity did not differ substantially between hands covered with SYM/COT or COT over time. Questionnaire data were available for 120 patients (95%). SYM/COT received better ratings regarding climate conditions while COT showed superiority in wearing comfort, practicality and appearance.ConclusionsBoth SYM/COT and COT were well tolerated and accepted in patients with hand dermatoses. Hence, SYM/COT may serve as suitable alternative for COT as comfort gloves supporting therapeutic efforts. The observed slight differences may influence the decision when selecting the glove type.
Effectiveness of a rectal cancer education video on patient expectations
Authors: Streith Lucas D. , Yip Silas J. Y. , Brown Carl J. , Karimuddin Ahmer A. , Raval Manoj J. , Phang P. Terry , Ghuman Amandeep 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimDiscrepancy between patient expectations and outcomes can negatively affect patient satisfaction and quality of life. We aimed to assess patient expectations of bowel, urinary, and sexual function after rectal cancer treatments, and whether a preoperative education video changed expectations.MethodsA total of 45 patients were assessed between January 2018 and January 2021 in a tertiary care hospital in Vancouver, Canada. Patients included were rectal cancer patients who had neoadjuvant chemoradiation and were listed for low anterior resection but had not yet had surgery. Following surgical consultation but before surgery, a questionnaire assessing expectations of lifestyle after treatments was administered. Patients then watched an educational video and repeated the questionnaire to assess for changes in expectations.ResultsPatient scores indicated expectation that control of bowel movements, urination, and sexual function would sometimes be problematic, but had a range from occasionally problematic to good function. Significant change after the video was seen in the expectation of needing medications for bowel control, and 44%–69% of individual patient answers changed from prevideo to post‐video, depending on the question. The education video was scored as helpful or very helpful by 82% of patients.ConclusionsPatients have varying expectations of problematic control of bowel, urinary, and sexual function following rectal cancer treatments. A pretreatment education video resulted in a trend toward changed expectations for functional outcomes in most patients. Further educational modalities for patients may provide more uniform expectations of function and increase patient satisfaction after rectal cancer treatments.
Spatial analysis to inform the mitigation hierarchy
Authors: Jones Kendall R. , von Hase Amrei , Costa Hugo M. , Rainey Hugo , Sidat Naseeba , Jobson Benjamin , White Thomas B. , Grantham Hedley S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman activities such as urbanization, infrastructure and agriculture are driving global biodiversity declines. In an attempt to balance economic development goals with biodiversity conservation, governments and industry apply a decision‐making framework known as the mitigation hierarchy, with a goal of achieving no net loss or net gain outcomes for biodiversity. Successful application of the mitigation hierarchy requires biodiversity assessments and spatial planning to inform the design of mitigation policies, identify priority areas for biodiversity conservation and impact avoidance, assess the biodiversity impacts of developments, and identify appropriate mitigation measures including offsetting residual impacts. However, guidance on the necessary data and assessment techniques is often lacking, especially in countries where formal mitigation policies do not exist or are in their infancy. Here, we discuss and demonstrate analyses that can help answer some key questions for formulating effective mitigation policies and applying the mitigation hierarchy. We focus on data and analyses that can inform the avoidance and offset steps in particular, and demonstrate these techniques using a case study in Mozambique. While these analyses will not replace field‐based assessments for projects, they offer rapid, low‐cost approaches to support scoping and development of mitigation policy, planning and decision‐making, especially in relatively data‐poor regions.
Donor leukocyte trafficking during human ex vivo lung perfusion
Authors: Lee Andy Chao Hsuan , Edobor Arianna , Wignakumar Thirushan , Lysandrou Maria , Johnston Laura K. , McMullen Phillip , Mirle Vikranth , Diaz Ashley , Piech Ryan , Rose Rebecca , Jendrisak Martin , di Sabato Diego , Shanmugarajah Kumaran , Fung John , Donington Jessica , Madariaga Maria Lucia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundEx vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is used to assess and preserve lungs prior to transplantation. However, its inherent immunomodulatory effects are not completely understood. We examine perfusate and tissue compartments to determine the change in immune cell composition in human lungs maintained on EVLP.MethodsSix human lungs unsuitable for transplantation underwent EVLP. Tissue and perfusate samples were obtained during cold storage and at 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐h during perfusion. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and bead‐based immunoassays were used to measure leukocyte composition and cytokines. Mean values between baseline and time points were compared by Student's t test.ResultsDuring the 1st hour of perfusion, perfusate neutrophils increased (+22.2 ± 13.5%, p < 0.05), monocytes decreased (−77.5 ± 8.6%, p < 0.01) and NK cells decreased (−61.5 ± 22.6%, p < 0.01) compared to cold storage. In contrast, tissue neutrophils decreased (−22.1 ± 12.2%, p < 0.05) with no change in monocytes and NK cells. By 6 h, perfusate neutrophils, NK cells, and tissue neutrophils were similar to baseline. Perfusate monocytes remained decreased, while tissue monocytes remained unchanged. There was no significant change in B cells or T cell subsets. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1b, G‐CSF, IFN‐gamma, CXCL2, CXCL1 granzyme A, and granzyme B) and lymphocyte activating cytokines (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8) increased during perfusion.ConclusionsEarly mobilization of innate immune cells occurs in both perfusate and tissue compartments during EVLP, with neutrophils and NK cells returning to baseline and monocytes remaining depleted after 6 h. The immunomodulatory effect of EVLP may provide a therapeutic window to decrease the immunogenicity of lungs prior to transplantation.
Coping with dialects from birth: Role of variability on infants’ early language development. Insights from Norwegian dialects
Authors: Kartushina Natalia , Mayor Julien 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious research suggests that exposure to accent variability can affect toddlers’ familiar word recognition and word comprehension. The current preregistered study addressed the gap in knowledge on early language development in infants exposed to two dialects from birth and assessed the role of dialect similarity in infants’ word recognition and comprehension. A 12‐month‐old Norwegian‐learning infants, exposed to native Norwegian parents speaking the same or two Norwegian dialects, took part in two eye‐tracking tasks, assessing familiar word form recognition and word comprehension. Their parents’ speech was assessed for similarity by native Norwegian speakers. First, in contrast to previous research, our results revealed no listening preference for words over nonwords in both monodialectal and bidialectal infants, suggesting potential language‐specific differences in the onset of word recognition. Second, the results showed evidence for word comprehension in monodialectal infants, but not in bidialectal infants, suggesting that exposure to dialectal variability impacts early word acquisition. Third, perceptual similarity between parental dialects tendentially facilitated bidialectal infants’ word recognition and comprehension. Forth, the results revealed a strong correlation between the raters and parents’ assessment of similarity between dialects, indicating that parental estimations can be reliably used to assess infants’ speech variability at home. Finally, our results revealed a strong relationship between word recognition and comprehension in monodialectal infants and the absence of such a relationship in bidialectal infants, suggesting that either these two skills do not necessarily align in infants exposed to more variable input, or that the alignment might occur at a later stage.
Assessing the impact of aid on public health expenditure in aid recipient countries
Authors: Lim Yoojin , Kim Youngwan , Connolly Daniel 
Published: April 2022

SummaryMotivationThe relationship between aid flows and recipients' spending on health is an important component of the ongoing attempt to measure and improve aid effectiveness.PurposeThis article aims to reveal complex interactions occurring between donors, who use surveillance and monitoring to ensure that their aid is effective, and recipients who are pursuing individual political survival in conjunction with national development.Methods and approachThis study applies a fixed‐effects model to a dataset of 111 aid recipients from 2000–2018.FindingsThis study finds that the impact of democracy, government effectiveness, and political stability on public health spending declines as more aid is introduced.Policy implicationsThe findings suggest that aid could lead to reductions in health expenditure when the donor community’s surveillance focuses more on risky or untrustworthy recipients and indirectly creates incentives for good recipients to divert funding away from the health sector.
Fiscal multipliers, expectations and learning in a macroeconomic agent‐based model
Authors: Reissl Severin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates the government expenditure multiplier and the influence of agents' expectations and consumption choices thereupon in a pre‐existing estimated macroeconomic agent‐based model. If the simple consumption heuristic of the baseline model is replaced by inter‐temporal optimization subject to a budget constraint based on agents' estimations of future income, the multiplier becomes significantly smaller. When agents' beliefs about the effects of expenditure shocks are explicitly introduced, they can strongly increase or decrease the multiplier. If agents are allowed learn about the effects of government expenditure on their income from repeated shocks, they are able to correctly predict these effects.
Thinking biases and their role in persecutory delusions: A systematic review
Authors: De Rossi Giorgia , Georgiades Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThinking biases are posited to be involved in the genesis and maintenance of delusions. Persecutory delusions are one of the most commonly occurring delusional subtypes and cause substantial distress and disability to the individuals experiencing them. Their clinical relevance confers a rationale for investigating them. Particularly, this review aims to elucidate which cognitive biases are involved in their development and persistence.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Global Health were searched from the year 2000 to June 2020. A formal narrative synthesis was employed to report the findings and a quality assessment of included studies was conducted.ResultsTwenty five studies were included. Overall, 18 thinking biases were identified. Hostility and trustworthiness judgement biases appeared to be specific to persecutory delusions while jumping to conclusions, self‐serving attributional biases and belief inflexibility were proposed to be more closely related to other delusional subtypes. While the majority of the biases identified were suggested to be involved in delusion maintenance, hostility biases, need for closure and personalizing attributional biases were believed to also have aetiological influences.ConclusionsThese findings show that some cognitive biases are specific to paranoid psychosis and appear to be involved in the formation and/or persistence of persecutory delusions.