bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential associations of homelessness with emergency department visits and hospitalizations by race, ethnicity, and gender
Authors: Yue Dahai , Pourat Nadereh , Essien Elsie A. , Chen Xiao , Zhou Weihao , O'Masta Brenna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the differential associations of homelessness with emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations by race, ethnicity, and gender.Data SourcesCalifornia Medicaid enrollment and claims.Study DesignWe identified beneficiaries experiencing homelessness (BEH) and those who did not (NBEH) using diagnosis and place of service codes and residential addresses. Outcomes include four ED visit measures and four hospitalization measures. We compared the use of these services by BEH to NBEH overall and by race, ethnicity, and gender groups in regression models controlling for covariates.Data CollectionWe used a sample of Medicaid beneficiaries who met eligibility criteria for a California Medicaid demonstration program in 2017 and 2018 but were not enrolled in the program. We identified 473,069 BEH, and the rest (1,948,422) were considered NBEH. We used the 2018 data for utilization analyses and most covariates. We constructed lagged measures of health conditions using 2017 data.Principal FindingsWe found that homelessness was significantly associated with 0.34 more ED visits (p < 0.01) and a higher likelihood of frequent ED visits (2.77 percentage points [pp], p < 0.01), any ED visits due to mental health conditions (0.79 pp, p < 0.01), and any ED visits due to substance use disorders (1.47 pp, p < 0.01). Experiencing homelessness was also significantly associated with 0.03 more hospitalizations (p < 0.01), a higher likelihood of frequent hospitalizations (0.68 pp, p < 0.01) and high frequent hospitalizations (0.28 pp, p < 0.01), and a longer length of stay (0.53 days, p < 0.01). We found a larger association for American Indian and Alaska Native, Black, Native Hawaii or Pacific Islander, and White populations than that for Asian and Hispanic populations. The associations are larger for males than females.ConclusionsOur findings identified distinct utilization patterns by race, ethnicity, and gender. They indicated the need for developing race, ethnicity, and gender‐specific strategies to reduce ED visits and hospitalizations of BEH.
High pressure processing improves the texture quality of fermented minced pepper by maintaining pectin characteristics during storage
Authors: Chen Fei , Chen Yuyu , Wang Yingrui , Ding Shenghua , Qin Yeyou , Jiang Liwen , Wang Rongrong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTexture quality affects the sensory and market acceptance of fermentation minced pepper (FMP), but it will deteriorate during storage. Thus, high pressure processing (HPP) and thermal pasteurization (TP) were used to improve the texture quality of FMP during storage. The results showed that variations in texture quality and pectin characteristics under HPP and TP treatments were similar during storage. The hardness, cell wall material (CWM) and sodium carbonate‐soluble pectin (SSP) content, water‐soluble pectin (WSP) molecular weight (Mw) decreased, while WSP content and sodium chelate‐soluble pectin (CSP) Mw increased after storage. HPP‐treated FMP showed higher hardness (66.64–85.95 N) than that in TP‐treated one (57.23–62.72 N) during storage. Rhamnose (Rha), arabinose, mannose, and glucose were the crucial compositions in three pectins, and their total molar ratios, respectively, reached 89.19% and 87.97% after HPP and TP treatment. However, the molar ratio of most monosaccharide in three pectins decreased after storage. Atomic force microscope images indicated the short chains and branch structures increased but aggregates decreased in most pectin components during storage. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated FMP hardness was extremely (p < 0.01) positively correlated with CWM and SSP content, and extremely (p < 0.01) negatively correlated with WSP content. Compared to TP treatment, HPP presented higher hardness, SSP content and Mw, Rha content, CSP Mw, and lower WSP content during storage. Hence, HPP was an effective method to improve the texture quality of FMP by maintaining pectin characteristics during storage.Practical ApplicationSoftening is one of the main factors affecting market value and consumer preferences for FMP, and it is closely related to the modification and depolymerization of pectin. Changes of texture quality and pectin properties in HPP‐ and TP‐treated FMP during storage were assessed, including hardness, the content, monosaccharide compositions, Mw distribution, and nanostructure of WSP, SSP, and CSP. Compared to TP treatment, HPP could effectively improve the texture quality of FMP by inhibiting pectin degradation during storage. All the findings presented in this study would help to provide new insights into regulating the texture quality of FMP.
Commonly used Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium filtering schemes impact population structure inferences using RADseq data
Authors: Pearman William S. , Urban Lara , Alexander Alana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReduced representation sequencing (RRS) is a widely used method to assay the diversity of genetic loci across the genome of an organism. The dominant class of RRS approaches assay loci associated with restriction sites within the genome (restriction site associated DNA sequencing, or RADseq). RADseq is frequently applied to non‐model organisms since it enables population genetic studies without relying on well‐characterized reference genomes. However, RADseq requires the use of many bioinformatic filters to ensure the quality of genotyping calls. These filters can have direct impacts on population genetic inference, and therefore require careful consideration. One widely used filtering approach is the removal of loci that do not conform to expectations of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Despite being widely used, we show that this filtering approach is rarely described in sufficient detail to enable replication. Furthermore, through analyses of in silico and empirical data sets we show that some of the most widely used HWE filtering approaches dramatically impact inference of population structure. In particular, the removal of loci exhibiting departures from HWE after pooling across samples significantly reduces the degree of inferred population structure within a data set (despite this approach being widely used). Based on these results, we provide recommendations for best practice regarding the implementation of HWE filtering for RADseq data sets.
The economics of social data
Authors: Bergemann Dirk , Bonatti Alessandro , Gan Tan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA data intermediary acquires signals from individual consumers regarding their preferences. The intermediary resells the information in a product market wherein firms and consumers tailor their choices to the demand data. The social dimension of the individual data—whereby a consumer's data are predictive of others' behavior—generates a data externality that can reduce the intermediary's cost of acquiring the information. The intermediary optimally preserves the privacy of consumers' identities if and only if doing so increases social surplus. This policy enables the intermediary to capture the total value of the information as the number of consumers becomes large.
Is Institutional Research on Management Accounting Degenerating or Progressing? A Lakatosian Analysis*
Authors: Modell Sven 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAdopting a Lakatosian perspective, this paper asks whether management accounting (MA) research using institutional theory can be described as a degenerative or progressive research program. Motivated by similar critical debates about the larger institutional research program in organization studies, I map the evolution of institutional research on MA with an eye to its theoretical contributions to the accounting literature as well as this larger research program. I conclude that this body of research has offered important, progressive extensions to the accounting literature and, to a lesser extent, the larger institutional research program. However, there is also evidence of many MA scholars using institutional theory in ways that produce degenerative tendencies. These degenerative tendencies are, in large part, due to the persistent proclivity of researchers to place overly one‐sided emphasis on the role of either human agency or preexisting institutions in explaining the process of (de‐)institutionalization and may, at worst, cause functionalist assumptions to be smuggled back into institutional analyses in ways that threaten the hard core of the institutional research program. I discuss how these tendencies can be rectified in future research and how institutional research on MA can be further developed.
Telling the truth to seriously ill children: Considering children's interests when parents veto telling the truth
Authors: Gillam Lynn , Spriggs Merle , McCarthy Maria , Delany Clare 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow should clinicians respond when parents will not allow their child to know the truth about their medical condition and treatment? There is wide consensus amongst clinicians and ethicists that children should be given “honest” information delivered in a developmentally appropriate manner. However, the basis in ethical theory is not clear, especially for pre‐adolescents. These children are old enough to understand some information, but are not yet “mature minors” capable of making their own health care decisions. We take the position that thinking in terms of a child's “right to know” is not the most helpful in dealing with the ethical complexity of these situations. We propose that questions of truth‐telling are best addressed in terms of how a child's interests are promoted or set back by being told the truth. Our first step is to give an account of the concept of children's interests in general. Then we relate that account specifically to truth‐telling. In doing so, we use a relatively straightforward hypothetical but realistic case, in order to illustrate how ethical deliberation using interests would proceed. The case is not intended to be particularly contentious or difficult, so that the focus is on the nature of the ethical reasoning, rather than any complexities of the case.
Gene therapy with B‐cell maturation antigen/CD3 bispecific antibody encoding plasmid DNA for treating multiple myeloma
Authors: Peng Fengping , Wang Yuan , Zhao Jiliang , Liu Hui , Liu Zhaoyun , Ding Kai , Zhang Hongkai , Fu Rong 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe delivery of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) targeting B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and CD3 using the gene therapy approach is a promising alternative for BsAb administration in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of this approach using a xenograft model. Tumour growth was significantly delayed in mice treated with single electroporation‐enhanced intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA encoding BCMA/CD3 BsAb in contrast to the vehicle control‐treated group. Limited toxicity was observed following treatment. This study demonstrates that the gene therapy‐based approach for the delivery of BCMA/CD3 BsAb is effective and safe for the treatment of MM.
Cognitive empathy across the lifespan
Authors: Dorris Liam , Young David , Barlow Jill , Byrne Karl , Hoyle Robin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the development of cognitive empathy across the lifespan from a very large cohort using a standardized measure of cognitive empathy ability.MethodParticipants (n=4545, age bands <5y to >75y, 60% female) were a convenience sample recruited voluntarily from visitors to the Glasgow Science Centre in the UK, who completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.ResultsWhen compared to preceding age groups, we found significant developmental gains in empathy ability in children aged 6 to 7 years (p=0.048, d=0.45) and again at 10 to 12 years (p=0.042, d=0.23), followed by a slight reduction in ability during adolescence (p=0.087, d=–0.18), and functional maturity in those aged 19 to 25 years (p=0.001, d=0.76). Cognitive empathy abilities remained relatively stable across adulthood but gradually declined in people over 65 years, with notable decline in males over 75 years (p=0.001, d=–0.98). Females performed better than males at all ages.InterpretationUnderstanding developmental issues in cognitive empathy could influence approaches to moral and social education for children, and health and social care support for older people. Standardized cognitive empathy tests could also provide novel approaches in the early detection of developmental vulnerabilities in a range of neurological conditions, and within neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders in which cognitive empathy is known to be impaired.What this paper adds

Cognitive empathy is a late‐developing ability and changes across the lifespan.
Cognitive empathy increases during childhood but with potentially altered abilities during adolescence.
Cognitive empathy matures during early adulthood and gradually declines in older age.
There is a female advantage in cognitive empathy abilities.
What is the value of faster acting prandial insulin? Focus on ultra rapid lispro
Authors: Heise Tim , Piras de Oliveira Carolina , Juneja Rattan , Ribeiro Anderson , Chigutsa Farai , Blevins Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRapid‐acting insulins (RAIs) have been instrumental in the management of diabetes because of their improved postprandial glucose (PPG) control compared with regular human insulin. However, their absorption rate and time action following subcutaneous administration still falls short of the normal physiological response to meal consumption, increasing the risk of early postmeal hyperglycaemia and late postmeal hypoglycaemia. Increased demand for faster acting insulins, which can quickly control PPG excursions without increasing the risk of late hypoglycaemia, led to the development of ultra‐rapid–acting insulins, including ultra‐rapid lispro (URLi). URLi is a novel formulation of insulin lispro with accelerated absorption driven by two excipients: treprostinil, which increases local vasodilation, and citrate, which increases local vascular permeability. Clinical pharmacology studies consistently showed an earlier onset and shorter duration of action with URLi compared with Lispro. In a head‐to‐head study with Faster aspart, Aspart and Lispro, URLi was absorbed faster, provided earlier insulin action, and more closely matched physiological glucose response than the other insulins tested. URLi's unique pharmacokinetic properties increase its potential for improved PPG control beyond that achieved with RAIs. Indeed, in pivotal phase 3 trials, URLi was superior to Lispro for PPG control both at 1 and 2 hours after a meal in type 1 and type 2 diabetes with multiple daily injections, and in type 1 diabetes with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. This was achieved without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia. In this review, we focus on the clinical and pharmacological evidence for URLi in the treatment of diabetes and discuss the potential benefits and considerations with URLi compared with RAIs.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and osteoporosis: A potential association with therapeutic implications
Authors: Vachliotis Ilias D. , Anastasilakis Athanasios D. , Goulas Antonis , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Polyzos Stergios A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and osteoporosis are two highly prevalent metabolic diseases. Increasing experimental evidence supports a pathophysiological link between NAFLD and osteoporosis. A key feature could be chronic, low‐grade inflammation, which characterizes NAFLD and possibly affects bone metabolism. In this context, several factors, including but not limited to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and osteocalcin, may serve as mediators. In the clinical setting, most but not all epidemiological evidence indicates that NAFLD is associated with lower bone mineral density or osteoporosis in adults. Although an association between NAFLD and osteoporosis has not yet been established, and thus remains speculative, pharmacological considerations already exist. Some of the current and emerging pharmacological options for NAFLD have shown possible anti‐osteoporotic properties (eg, vitamin E, obeticholic acid, semaglutide), while others (eg, pioglitazone, canagliflozin) have been associated with increased risk of fractures and may be avoided in patients with NAFLD and concomitant osteoporosis, especially those at high fracture risk. Conversely, some anti‐osteoporotic medications (denosumab) might benefit NAFLD, while others (raloxifene) might adversely affect it and, consequently, may be avoided in patients with osteoporosis and NAFLD. If an association between NAFLD and osteoporosis is established, a medication that could target both diseases would be a great advancement. This review summarizes the main experimental and clinical evidence on the potential association between NAFLD and osteoporosis and focuses on treatment considerations derived from this potential association.
Effect of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists on albuminuria in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Daniel , Sharma Harman , Krishnan Anirudh , Vangaveti Venkat N. , Malabu Usman H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo determine the effect of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) on albuminuria in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsMedline Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, EMCARE and CINAHL databases from database inception until 27 January 2022. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were randomized controlled trials that involved treatment with a GLP‐1RA in adult patients with T2DM and assessed the effect on albuminuria in each treatment arm. Data extraction was conducted independently by three individual reviewers. The PRISMA guidelines were followed regarding data extraction and quality assessment. Data were pooled using a random effects inverse variance model and all analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.4 software. The Jadad scoring tool was employed to assess the quality of evidence and risk of bias in the randomized controlled trials.ResultsThe initial search revealed 2419 articles, of which 19 were included in this study. An additional three articles were identified from hand‐searching references of included reviews. Therefore, in total, 22 articles comprising 39 714 patients were included. Meta‐analysis suggested that use of GLP1‐RAs was associated with a reduction in albuminuria in patients with T2DM (weighted mean difference −16.14%, 95% CI −18.42 to −13.86%; p < .0001) compared with controls.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis indicates that GLP‐1RAs are associated with a significant reduction in albuminuria in adult patients with T2DM when compared with placebo.
Financing public education when agents have retirement concerns
Authors: Montolio Daniel , Piolatto Amedeo , Salvadori Luca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study, theoretically and empirically, the link between voters' support for public education and pensions. We show that the (inter‐generational) redistributive component of the retirement system creates a link between current spending on education and future pensions. Specifically, investments in education increase the young's productivity and, hence, future tax proceeds that will finance the current workers' pension. Consequently, the support for publicly financed education grows together with the generosity and degree of redistribution of the retirement system. The empirical analysis uses repeated cross‐country surveys to confirm the model predictions.
Whole exome sequencing and co‐expression analysis identify an SCN1A variant that modifies pathogenicity in a family with genetic epilepsy and febrile seizures plus
Authors: Hammer Michael F. , Pan Yanling , Cumbay Medhane , Pendziwiat Manuela , Afawi Zaid , Goldberg‐Stern Hadassah , Johnstone Laurel , Helbig Ingo , Cummins Theodore R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveFamily members carrying the same SCN1A variant often exhibit differences in the clinical severity of epilepsy. This variable expressivity suggests that other factors aside from the primary sodium channel variant influence the clinical manifestation. However, identifying such factors has proven challenging in humans.MethodsWe perform whole exome sequencing (WES) in a large family in which an SCN1A variant (p.K1372E) is segregating that is associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypes ranging from lack of epilepsy, to febrile seizures and absence seizures, to Dravet syndrome. We assessed the hypothesis that the severity of the SCN1A‐related phenotype was affected by alternate alleles at a modifier locus (or loci).ResultsOne of our top candidates identified by WES was a second variant in the SCN1A gene (p.L375S) that was shared exclusively by unaffected carriers of the K1372E allele. To test the hypothesized that L375S variant nullifies the loss‐of‐function effect of K1372E, we transiently expressed Nav1.1 carrying the two variants in HEK293T cells and compared their biophysical properties with the wild‐type (WT) variant, and then co‐expressed WT with K1372E or L375S with K1372E in equal quantity and tested the functional consequence. The data demonstrated that co‐expression of the L375S and K1372E alleles reversed the loss‐of‐function property brought by the K1372E variant, whereas WT‐K1372E co‐expression remained partial loss‐of‐function.SignificanceThese results support the hypothesis that L375S counteracts the loss‐of‐function effect of K1372E such that individuals carrying both alleles in trans do not present epilepsy‐related symptoms. We demonstrate that monogenic epilepsies with wide expressivity can be modified by additional variants in the disease gene, providing a novel framework for the gene‐phenotype relationship in genetic epilepsies.
Analysis and design of financial data mining system based on fuzzy clustering
Authors: Li Huwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of the economy, a large amount of financial data will be generated during the continuous growth of enterprises. However, due to the explosive growth of the financial data range index, the use of machine learning methods to mine and analyse financial data is extremely important. Among them, accurate financial risk evaluation is an effective measure to prevent and resolve corporate financial crises. In this article, we use fuzzy clustering method to establish a financial risk early warning and evaluation model. Specifically, we use fuzzy C‐mean (FCM), half‐suppressed FCM, and interval FCM clustering algorithms‐based state construction financial risk early warning and evaluation models, to give an evaluation from two aspects of corporate financial indicators and non‐financial indicators system. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the fuzzy clustering algorithms used in financial data mining, we conducted experiments in financial data mining and early warning in real estate companies and ST companies. The experimental results show that the fuzzy clustering algorithms represented by the FCM clustering algorithm has achieved good results in financial data mining, and can achieve good results in financial risk analysis and financial risk early warning.