bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Racial Representation of Cosmetic Surgery Patients and Physicians on Social Media
Authors: Ullrich Peter J , Garg Stuti , Reddy Narainsai , Hassan Abbas , Joshi Chitang , Perez Laura , Tassinari Stefano , Galiano Robert D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Aggregated data show that Black patients undergo disproportionately lower rates of cosmetic surgery than their Caucasian counterparts. Similarly, laboratory findings indicate that social media representation is lower among Black patients for breast reconstruction surgery, and it is expected that this could be the case in cosmetic surgery as well.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the social media representation of Black patients and physicians in the 5 most common cosmetic surgery procedures: rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, abdominoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction.

Methods
Data were collected from RealSelf (Seattle, WA), the most popular social media site for sharing cosmetic surgery outcomes. The skin tone of 1000 images of patients in each of the top 5 cosmetic surgeries was assessed according to the Fitzpatrick scale, a commonly utilized skin tone range. Additionally, the Fitzpatrick scores of 72 providers who posted photographs within each surgical category were collected.

Results
Black patients and providers are underrepresented in rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction compared with the general population (defined by the US Census Bureau), but were proportionately represented in abdominoplasty. Additionally, it was found that patients most often matched Fitzpatrick scores when both had scores of 2, whereas patients with a score of 5 and 6 rarely matched their provider’s score.

Conclusions
The underrepresentation of Black patients and providers in social media for cosmetic surgery may well discourage Black patients from pursuing cosmetic surgeries. Therefore, it is essential to properly represent patients to encourage patients interested in considering cosmetic surgery.
Proteomic characterization of post-mortem human brain tissue following ultracentrifugation-based subcellular fractionation
Authors: Kandigian Savannah E. , Ethier Elizabeth C. , Kitchen Robert R. , Lam Tukiet T. , Arnold Steven E. , Carlyle Becky C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProteomic characterization of human brain tissue is increasingly utilized to identify potential novel biomarkers and drug targets for a variety of neurological diseases. In whole-tissue studies, results may be driven by changes in the proportion of the largest and most abundant organelles or tissue cell-type composition. Spatial proteomics approaches enhance our knowledge of disease mechanisms and changing signalling pathways at the subcellular level by taking into account the importance of cellular localization, which critically influences protein function. Density gradient-based ultracentrifugation methods allow for subcellular fractionation and have been utilized in cell lines, mouse and human brain tissue to quantify thousands of proteins in specific enriched organelles such as the pre- and post-synapse. Serial ultracentrifugation methods allow for the analysis of multiple cellular organelles from the same biological sample, and to our knowledge have not been previously applied to frozen post-mortem human brain tissue. The use of frozen human tissue for tissue fractionation faces two major challenges, the post-mortem interval, during which proteins may leach from their usual location into the cytosol, and freezing, which results in membrane breakdown. Despite these challenges, in this proof-of-concept study, we show that the majority of proteins segregate reproducibly into crude density-based centrifugation fractions, that the fractions are enriched for the appropriate organellar markers and that significant differences in protein localization can be observed between tissue from individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and control individuals.
Comparison of Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza Patients Requiring Supplemental Oxygen in a Cohort Study: Clinical Impact and Resource Consumption
Authors: López Montesinos Inmaculada , Arrieta-Aldea Itziar , Dicastillo Aitor , Zuccarino Flavio , Sorli Luisa , Guerri-Fernández Roberto , Arnau-Barrés Isabel , Montero Maria Milagro , Siverio-Parès Ana , Durán Xavier , del Mar Arenas Maria , Arnau Ariadna Brasé , Cañas-Ruano Esperanza , Castañeda Silvia , Kamber Ignacio Domingo , Gómez-Junyent Joan , Pelegrín Iván , Martínez Francisca Sánchez , Sendra Elena , Leiro Lucía Suaya , Villar-García Judit , Nogués Xavier , Grau Santiago , Knobel Hernando , Gomez-Zorrilla Silvia , Horcajada Juan Pablo ,   COVID-MAR Group, Cos Esquius M L , García Vives E , Gimenez Argente C , González Farias I , Modino Pérez S , Petit Salas I , Rial Villavecchia A S , Rodríguez Morera J , Soldado Folgado J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
To compare clinical characteristics, outcomes, and resource consumption of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and seasonal influenza requiring supplemental oxygen.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary-care hospital. Patients admitted because of seasonal influenza between 2017 and 2019, or with COVID-19 between March and May 2020 requiring supplemental oxygen were compared. Primary outcome: 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes: 90-day mortality and hospitalization costs. Attempted sample size to detect an 11% difference in mortality was 187 patients per group.

Results
COVID-19 cases were younger (median years of age, 67; interquartile range [IQR] 54–78 vs 76 [IQR 64–83]; P &lt; .001) and more frequently overweight, whereas influenza cases had more hypertension, immunosuppression, and chronic heart, respiratory, and renal disease. Compared with influenza, COVID-19 cases had more pneumonia (98% vs 60%, &lt;.001), higher Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and CURB-65 (confusion, blood urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and age &gt;65 years) scores and were more likely to show worse progression on the World Health Organization ordinal scale (33% vs 4%; P &lt; .001). The 30-day mortality rate was higher for COVID-19 than for influenza: 15% vs 5% (P = .001). The median age of nonsurviving cases was 81 (IQR 74–88) and 77.5 (IQR 65–84) (P = .385), respectively. COVID-19 was independently associated with 30-day (hazard ratio [HR], 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2–10.4) and 90-day (HR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.4–11.4) mortality. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses, including a subgroup considering only patients with pneumonia, did not show different trends. Regarding resource consumption, COVID-19 patients had longer hospital stays and higher critical care, pharmacy, and complementary test costs.

Conclusions
Although influenza patients were older and had more comorbidities, COVID-19 cases requiring supplemental oxygen on admission had worse clinical and economic outcomes.
Preoperative oral magnesium loading to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation following coronary surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tohme Joanna , Sleilaty Ghassan , Jabbour Khalil , Gergess Afrida , Hayek Gemma , Jebara Victor , Madi-Jebara Samia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Hypomagnesemia is frequent after CABG surgery. No previous trials have assessed the effect of preoperative magnesium (Mg) loading on POAF incidence.

METHODS
This was a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, with balanced randomization [1:1]. The participants were recruited from November 2018 until May 2019. Patients received either 3.2 g of Mg daily (4 tablets of 0.4 g each twice daily) for 72 h preoperatively and 1.6 g of Mg (4 tablets) on the day of surgery or placebo tablets.

RESULTS
The primary outcome was the incidence of POAF. Secondary outcomes included time to extubation, transfusion rate, critical care unit and hospital length of stay. Of the 210 randomized participants, 200 (100 in each group) completed the study. A total of 10 (10%) and 22 (22%) subjects developed POAF in the Mg and placebo groups, respectively (RR = 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.91). Hospital and critical care unit length of stay were comparable between the 2 groups. No side effects related to Mg administration were documented.

CONCLUSIONS
In this randomized controlled trial, preoperative loading with oral administration of Mg for 3 days in patients admitted for CABG surgery decreases the incidence of POAF compared to placebo.

Clinical trial registration number
NCT03703349.
OR65. The Effect of Carvedilol on Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Chemotherapy of FAC Regimen in Breast Cancer Patients : An Experimental Study
Authors: Sumantra I Gede , Astuti Astri , Martanto Erwan , Sihite Teddy A , Maman Abdurahman R , Iqbal Mohammad , Rizki Akbar M , Martha Januar W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer survivors potentially develop cardiotoxicity after FAC regiment administration. Carvedilol may provide antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and myocyte-calcium regulation effects in chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate cardioprotective effects of Carvedilol towards preventing subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (SLVD) in breast cancer patients following FAC chemotherapy.

Methods
The study was a prospective open-label and Quasi-Experimental. We divided the patients receiving the FAC chemotherapy from September 2018 until May 2019 into intervention (IG) and control groups (CG). The IG received Carvedilol 6.25 mg b.i.d. up titrated every three weeks until the tolerated dose. We evaluated the left ventricular GLS changes and the incidence of SLVD (GLS reduction ≥15% and GLS &gt;-18%) at 24 weeks after the FAC regimen initiation.

Result
Eighty-one women were enrolled in the study; 31 of them were the IG. There were no significant GLS changes during and after FAC completion in the IG, while the CG showed contradictive. At the end of follow-up, the delta GLS reduction was lower in the IG 0.7 (95% CI – 0.60,3.60) than the CG 3.00 (95% CI – 2.16,4.19), p = 0.035. The GLS percentage reduction showed similar results with 3.6% and 14.29% in the IG and CG respectively with p = 0.05. The incidence rate of SLVD (GLS reduction ≥15% and GLS &gt;-18%) in IG was lower; 41.9% and 25.8%, while in the CG was 58% and 48%.

Conclusion
Carvedilol may have a cardioprotective effect by preventing the GLS reduction and reducing the incidence of SLVD in women with breast cancer after a complete cycle of FAC regimen.
Individual-tree distance-dependent growth models for uneven-sized Norway spruce
Authors: Fagerberg Nils , Olsson Jan-Ola , Lohmander Peter , Andersson Martin , Bergh Johan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Individual tree selection (ITS) is one option to manage uneven-sized forest ecosystems. However, scientifically based field guidelines adapted to ITS and economic profitability are rare, often because there is a lack of suitable tree models to use in growth and treatment simulations. The objective of this study is to develop individual-tree distance-dependent growth models focusing on Norway spruce dominated uneven-sized stands. Three models of different complexity, but with the same structural basis, are presented, followed by some examples of growth patterns for the subject trees. The data include 1456 trees (307 sample trees) collected from five sites in southern Sweden. The basic model (S) depends on subject tree size as the predictor, the second model (SD) adds distance to competitors as a predictor, and the third model (SDC) adds crown ratio as a predictor to the structure. R2Adj increases with number of predictors from 0.48 to 0.58 to 0.62. The levels of RMSE improve accordingly from 5.02 cm2 year−1 (S) to 4.43 cm2 year−1 (SD) and 4.26 cm2 year−1 (SDC). The present calibration range and model structures primarily make the models suitable for management simulation of individual-tree selection of Norway spruce in southern Sweden. The format of the models allows for further extension with additional predictors and calibration data with greater coverage.
Long-term outcome of surgical revascularization in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction—a population-based cohort study
Authors: Brynjarsdottir Helga B , Johnsen Arni , Heimisdottir Alexandra A , Heidarsdottir Sunna Rún , Jeppsson Anders , Sigurdsson Martin I , Gudbjartsson Tomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Surgical revascularization is an established indication for patients with advanced coronary artery disease and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Long-term outcomes for these patients are not well-defined. We studied the long-term outcomes of patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy who underwent surgical revascularization in a well-defined nationwide cohort.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective study on 2005 patients that underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in Iceland between 2000 and 2016. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their preoperative LVEF; LVEF ≤35% (n = 146, median LVEF 30%) and LVEF &gt;35% (n = 1859, median LVEF 60%). Demographics and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were compared between groups along with cardiac-specific and overall survival. The median follow-up was 7.6 years.

RESULTS
Demographics were similar in both groups regarding age, gender and most cardiovascular risk factors. However, patients with LVEF ≤35% more often had diabetes, renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a previous history of myocardial infarction. Thirty-day mortality was 4 times higher (8% vs 2%, P &lt; 0.001) in the LVEF ≤35%-group compared to controls. Overall survival was significantly lower in the LVEF ≤35%-group compared to controls, at 1 year (87% vs. 98%, P &lt; 0.001) and 5 years (69% vs. 91%, P &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis LVEF ≤35% was linked to inferior survival with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.0 (95%-CI 1.5 - 2.6, p&lt;0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
A good long-term outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting can be expected for patients with reduced LVEF, however, their survival is still significantly inferior to patients with normal ventricular function.
Failure to rescue: obesity increases the risk of mortality following early graft failure in heart transplantation in UNOS database patients
Authors: Herbst David Alan , Iyengar Amit , Weingarten , Noah , Helmers Mark R , Kim , Samuel T , Atluri Pavan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Early graft failure (EGF) is a devastating postoperative complication following heart transplant. Institutional studies have modelled donor and recipient risk factors predictive of graft failure. To date, no studies have assessed specific recipient profiles associated with mortality after recipients suffer from EGF. The objective of this study was to identify this recipient profile.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing database undergoing heart transplant from August 2000 to September 2019. EGF was defined as graft dysfunction at 24 hours post-heart transplant. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. To isolate recipient characteristics associated with mortality, we performed the univariate analysis on 24 recipient characteristics adjusted for high-risk donor characteristics (ischaemic time, donor age, race mismatch, BUN/creatinine ratio) predictive of 1-year mortality (P &lt; 0.2). We then performed backward stepwise multivariable regression adjusted for identified donor characteristics to determine recipient characteristics associated with mortality after EGF (P &lt; 0.05).

RESULTS
We identified 302 patients diagnosed with post-transplant EGF. Among these patients, mortality was 82% within 90 days of transplantation. Adjusted univariate analysis identified 7 factors associated with mortality. Adjusted backward stepwise multivariable regression identified BMI &gt; 30 as predictive of mortality at 90 days after EGF.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients who develop EGF after heart transplant are at high risk for mortality. Careful discussion regarding transplant candidacy and risk is warranted in obese patients. In addition, minimizing donor factors associated with graft dysfunction is critical during preoperative planning in these recipients.
Triaging Mixed Migration: Trump Card or Achilles Heel of the Common European Asylum System? Insights from Organized Hypocrisy
Authors: Walter-Franke Marie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With border screening at the core of the ‘New Pact on Migration and Asylum’, the European Commission presents the effective triage of mixed migration as a trump card to finally fix the dysfunctional Common European Asylum System (CEAS). This calls for a closer examination of how triage governmentality relates to dysfunctionality as a trope in the European Union’s (EU) asylum policy. The article shows how, in the last three decades of policymaking, EU actors have consistently represented the CEAS as dysfunctional. One of the core problems put forward is that the EU’s common standards of qualification, procedures, and reception have failed to harmonize how persons in need of protection are identified and treated across the EU. The resulting asylum lottery undermines the legitimacy and efficacy of the EU’s allocation and return systems. Can the effective triage of mixed migration render the CEAS functional? This article argues that, in the design of the CEAS, triage mechanisms are key to reconciling the competing objectives of asylum protection and migration control. As implementation falls short, a gap has emerged between promises and results within triage governmentality.
Crime-time: how ambient light affects crime
Authors: Domínguez Patricio , Asahi Kenzo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of sunlight on crime, taking advantage of a daylight saving time (DST) policy. We find a 30% decrease in robberies when the DST transition increases the amount of sunlight by 1 h during the 7–9 p.m. period. We document a symmetric reaction when DST decreases sunlight exposure. We complement these findings by showing that the response induced by DST is not associated with a plausible demand-side response such as the population’s commuting patterns and we find no substantial short-term displacement of crime. Our results show that ambient light is a key driver of criminal activity in urban spaces.
Detection of autophagy-related structures in fruiting bodies of edible mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Ozaki Yuma , Aimi Tadanori , Shimomura Norihiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Autophagy is involved in various fungal morphogenetic processes. However, there are limited reports regarding the role of autophagy in mushroom fruiting body formation. The purpose of this study was to reveal the autophagy-related structures in mushroom-forming fungi. The edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus was used in this study. Transmission electron microscopy revealed double-membrane bounded structures containing cytoplasmic components in the fruiting bodies of this fungus. Some of these double-membrane structures were observed to interact with the vacuoles. Additionally, curved flat cisternae of various lengths were detected in the cytoplasm. The shape, size and thickness of the limiting membrane of the double-membrane structures and the flat cisternae corresponded well with those of the autophagosomes and the isolation membranes, respectively. Regarding autophagosome formation, a membrane-bound specific zone was detected near the isolation membrane, which appeared to expand along the novel membrane. This is the first detailed report showing autophagy-related structures in P. ostreatus and provides a possible model for autophagosome formation in these filamentous fungi.
MAPIYA contact map server for identification and visualization of molecular interactions in proteins and biological complexes
Authors: Badaczewska-Dawid Aleksandra E , Nithin Chandran , Wroblewski Karol , Kurcinski Mateusz , Kmiecik Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Correct identification and effective visualization of interactions in biomolecular structures facilitate understanding of their functions and molecular design. In response to the practical needs of structure-based analysis, we have created a Mapiya web server. The Mapiya integrates four main functionalities: (i) generation of contact maps – intramolecular and intermolecular—for proteins, nucleic acids, and their complexes; (ii) characterization of the interactions physicochemical nature, (iii) interactive visualization of biomolecular conformations with automatic zoom on selected contacts using Molstar and (iv) additional sequence- and structure-based analyses performed with third-party software and in-house algorithms combined into an easy-to-use interface. Thus, Mapiya offers a highly customized analysis of the molecular interactions' in various biological systems. The web server is available at: http://mapiya.lcbio.pl/
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia Is a Late and Fatal Complication of Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Case-Control Study
Authors: Lam Robert , Tarangelo Nicholas , Wang Rong , Horibe Masayasu , Grimshaw Alyssa A , Jain Dhanpat , Haffar Samir , Bazerbachi Fateh , Kunz Pamela L , Li Darrick K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome that has been reported in patients with gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Clinical and prognostic features of MAHA in this setting have been poorly described.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a systematic review in 8 databases of gastric SRCC complicated by MAHA and performed a case-control study assessing factors associated with survival in patients with gastric SRCC and MAHA in our pooled cohort compared with age-, sex-, and stage-matched cases of gastric SRCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Descriptive analyses were performed and multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression modeling was used to determine factors associated with overall survival.

Results
All identified patients (n = 47) were symptomatic at index presentation, commonly with back/bone pain, and dyspnea. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia was the first manifestation of gastric SRCC in 94% of patients. Laboratory studies were notable for anemia (median 7.7 g/dL), thrombocytopenia (median 45.5 × 103/μL), and hyperbilirubinemia (median 2.3 mg/dL). All patients with MAHA had metastatic disease at presentation, most often to the bone, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Median survival in patients with gastric SRCC and MAHA was significantly shorter than a matched SEER-derived cohort with metastatic gastric SRCC (7 weeks vs 28 weeks, P &lt; .01). In multivariate analysis, patients with MAHA were at significantly increased risk of mortality (HR 3.28, 95% CI 2.11-5.12).

Conclusion
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is a rare, late-stage complication of metastatic gastric SRCC and is associated with significantly decreased survival compared with metastatic gastric SRCC alone.
Globalization: Human Development in a New Cultural Context
Authors: Jensen Lene Arnett 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Globalization—the flow across cultures of goods, people, and ideas at unprecedented speed, scope, and quantity—has profound implications for psychological development. In today’s world, children seldom reach adulthood knowing of only one culture. Increasingly, they have interactions with people from diverse cultures, either firsthand or indirectly through various media. Exposure and openness to globalization are particularly pronounced among adolescents and emerging adults, and globalization impacts their development in a wide variety of areas, including moral values, relationships with parents, gender roles, health and body image, language development, and identity. Future research needs to pay more attention to younger children, local circumstances, and diverse responses to globalization.