bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hegemonic masculinities in the ‘Manosphere’: A thematic analysis of beliefs about men and women on The Red Pill and Incel
Authors: Vallerga Michael , Zurbriggen Eileen L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWebsites, blogs, and message boards of the “manosphere” are dedicated to a worldview that celebrates hegemonic masculinity and decries feminism. In a reflexive thematic analysis of 227 posts (389,189 words) from two manosphere message boards (The Red Pill and Incel), we analyzed how posters viewed women and men. We found that beliefs about women and men formed an ideology comprised of (a) evolution‐based views of gender essentialism, (b) an informal psychology of women's motivations, and (c) a typology of men. Women were seen as having three primary motives: to deceive and manipulate men, to promiscuously satisfy their own sexual needs, and to trade sex for power. Men were seen as falling into two (The Red Pill) or three (Incel) types: alpha men who are attractive, powerful, and sexually successful, beta men who give to women as their only route to sexual interactions, and incel (involuntarily celibate) men who are too unattractive to achieve sexual success. Posters acted on these beliefs either to improve themselves (The Red Pill) or give up on life and endorse suicide and/or violence (Incel). We discuss these beliefs and actions in relation to theories of sexual aggression, the psychology of radicalization, and the American Psychological Association's Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Boys and Men.
Similarity and consistency assessment of three major online drug–drug interaction resources
Authors: Kontsioti Elpida , Maskell Simon , Bensalem Amina , Dutta Bhaskar , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: April 2022

AimsThe aim of this study was to explore the level of agreement on drug–drug interaction (DDI) information listed in three major online drug information resources (DIRs) in terms of: (1) interacting drug pairs; (2) severity rating; (3) evidence rating; and (4) clinical management recommendations.MethodsWe extracted information from the British National Formulary (BNF), Thesaurus and Micromedex. Following drug name normalisation, we estimated the overlap of the DIRs in terms of DDI. We annotated clinical management recommendations either manually, where possible, or through application of a machine learning algorithm.ResultsThe DIRs contained 51 481 (BNF), 38 037 (Thesaurus) and 65 446 (Micromedex) drug pairs involved in DDIs. The number of common DDIs across the three DIRs was 6970 (13.54% of BNF, 18.32% of Thesaurus and 10.65% of Micromedex). Micromedex and Thesaurus overall showed higher levels of similarity in their severity ratings, while the BNF agreed more with Micromedex on the critical severity ratings and with Thesaurus on the least significant ones. Evidence rating agreement between BNF and Micromedex was generally poor. Variation in clinical management recommendations was also identified, with some categories (i.e., Monitor and Adjust dose) showing higher levels of agreement compared to others (i.e., Use with caution, Wash‐out, Modify administration).ConclusionsThere is considerable variation in the DDIs included in the examined DIRs, together with variability in categorisation of severity and clinical advice given. DDIs labelled as critical were more likely to appear in multiple DIRs. Such variability in information could have deleterious consequences for patient safety, and there is a need for harmonisation and standardisation.
Rejoinder to the discussions of “Spatial+: A novel approach to spatial confounding”
Authors: Dupont Emiko , Wood Simon N. , Augustin Nicole H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this rejoinder, we set out some of the main points that we took from the discussions of our paper “Spatial+: A novel approach to spatial confounding.” The comments provided by the discussants include excellent questions and suggestions for extensions and improvements to spatial+. The discussions also highlight the growing interest in understanding spatial confounding, underpinned by the many recent contributions to the literature on this topic.
Efficacy and safety of the direct oral anti‐coagulants in patients with cerebral vein thrombosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Riva Nicoletta , Galea Francesca , Buhagiar Isaac , Gatt Alex , Calleja‐Agius Jean 
Published: April 2022

SummaryVitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are the standard oral anti‐coagulant treatment for patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). However, the direct oral anti‐coagulants (DOACs) started replacing VKAs also in this setting. We aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of the DOACs for CVT treatment. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis (PROSPERO protocol registration number CRD42020191472). The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched from inception to January 2022. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, enrolling at least 10 adult patients with CVT treated with any DOACs. Twenty‐three studies were included, for a total of 618 CVT patients treated with DOACs (treatment duration range 3–12 months). Mortality rate was 1.76% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70%–3.24%;I2 = 0%; 5/428 patients, 18 studies]; major bleeding 2.41% (95% CI 1.26%–3.91%;I2 = 1.5%; 12/534 patients, 21 studies); recurrent thrombosis 2.05% (95% CI 1.04%–3.37%;I2 = 0%; 10/577 patients, 21 studies); excellent neurological outcome 85.9% (95% CI 79.0%–91.7%;I2 = 63.7%; 289/340 patients, 13 studies); vessel recanalisation 89.0% (95% CI 82.9%–93.9%;I2 = 62.7%; 316/359 patients, 16 studies). No significant differences emerged by study design (RCTs vs. observational studies) or by treatment (DOACs vs. VKAs). This systematic review showed that the DOACs might represent a reasonable oral anti‐coagulant treatment option for CVT patients.
Two decades of socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of untreated dental caries in early childhood: Results from three birth cohorts in southern Brazil
Authors: Karam Sarah Arangurem , Costa Francine dos Santos , Peres Karen G , Peres Marco A , Barros Fernando C , Bertoldi Andrea D , Santos Iná S , Tovo Luciana , Matijasevich Alicia , B Menezes Ana M , Gonçalves Helen , Correa Marcos Britto , Demarco Flávio Fernando 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the socioeconomic disparities in untreated dental caries in early childhood according to socioeconomic characteristics in three birth cohorts in Southern Brazil.MethodsThe socioeconomic data to this study were collected at the 48‐month follow‐up and oral health studies of 1993, 2004 and 2015 Pelotas birth cohort studies. The outcome was untreated dental caries in children aged 6 (1993 cohort), 5 (2004 cohort) and 4 years (2015 cohort), dichotomized into absence/presence. Analyses were stratified by maternal skin colour/race, maternal education and family income. For statistical purposes, the prevalence difference, relative risk and absolute and relative indices of health inequality (Slope Index of Inequality–SII and Concentration Index–CIX) were used.ResultsThe prevalence of untreated dental caries in primary dentition was 63.4%, 45.5% and 15.6%, in 1993, 2004 and 2015 cohorts, respectively. The prevalence of untreated dental caries was concentrated in the poorest quintile and lower maternal education group in both absolute (SII) and relative (CIX) measures of inequality, being characterized as a pro‐poor event. A higher risk of untreated caries was found in the poorest quintile of family income compared with the richest quintile in the 1993 cohort (RR 1.44 [95% CI 1.05; 1.98]). That risk was higher considering the 2004 Cohort (RR 1.78 [95% CI 1.42; 2.23]) and 2015 cohort (RR 4.20 [95% CI 2.97; 5.94]) data.ConclusionsOver the course of two decades, a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries is concentrated among the most socioeconomically deprived children.
Colon cancer treatment in Sweden during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A nationwide register‐based study
Authors: Eklöv Karolina , Nygren Jonas , Bringman Sven , Löfgren Jenny , Sjövall Annika , Nordenvall Caroline , Everhov Åsa H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe COVID‐19 pandemic has reduced the capacity to diagnose and treat cancer worldwide due to the prioritization of COVID‐19 treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment and outcomes of colon cancer in Sweden before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn an observational study, using the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry, we included (i) all Swedish patients diagnosed with colon cancer, and (ii) all patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer, in 2016–2020. Incidence of colon cancer, treatments and outcomes in 2020 were compared with 2019.ResultsThe number of colon cancer cases in Sweden in April–May 2020 was 27% lower than the previous year, whereas no difference was observed on an annual level (4,589 vs. 4,763 patients [−4%]). Among patients with colon cancer undergoing surgery in 2020, the proportion of resections was 93 vs. 94% in 2019, with no increase in acute resections. Time from diagnosis to elective surgery decreased (29 days vs. 33 days in 2020 vs. 2019). In 2020, more patients underwent a two‐stage procedure with a diverting stoma as first surgery (6.1%) vs. (4.4%) in 2019 (p = 0.0020) and more patients were treated with preoperative chemotherapy (5.1%) vs. (3,5%) 2019 (p = 0.0016). The proportion of patients that underwent laparoscopic surgery increased from 54% to 58% (p = 0.0017) There were no differences in length of stay, surgical complications, reoperation, ICU‐stay or 30‐day mortality between the years.ConclusionBased on nationwide annual data, we did not observe adverse effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on colon cancer treatment and short time outcomes in Sweden.
Economic shocks and clinging
Authors: Strain Michael R. , Veuger Stan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe test whether the economic effects of globalization change the social and political attitudes of white Americans. Specifically, we examine the effect of a local labor market's exposure to import competition brought about by the rapid changes in the Chinese economy from 1990 to 2007 on perceptions of immigrants, minorities, religion and guns. We do not find meaningful changes in aggregate attitudes. Instead, using detailed information from the General Social Survey, we find evidence of significant hardening of existing attitudes or “clinging” to long‐standing beliefs.
How many cooperators are too many? Foundress number, reproduction and sex ratio in a quasi‐social parasitoid
Authors: Malabusini Serena , Hardy Ian C. W. , Jucker Costanza , Savoldelli Sara , Lupi Daniela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the parasitoid genusSclerodermus, multiple foundresses produce and care for communal broods on large hosts, which can lead to greater reproductive success for group members than attempting to reproduce alone.We explore the consequences of foundress group size on the benefits of cooperative brooding and on brood sex ratios by providing groups of 10–55 foundresses with a single host and no alternative reproductive options.Within this range, increasing foundress group size leads to increasingly common failure in brood production and diminishedper capitasuccess. Group production of adult offspring declines once foundress number reaches around 25.Brood failure is usually at the early developmental stages, and current evidence suggests that there may be competition among foundresses for oviposition sites, possibly involving reproductive dominance and ovicide, which also delays initial brood production. Once broods become established, their rate of development is enhanced by large foundress numbers.The sex ratios of broods are very strongly female biased, irrespective of the foundress number. As this bias is not easily explained by standard models of local mate competition or by a recent model of local resource enhancement, we suggest an explanation based on control of sex allocation by a minority of dominant foundresses, which monopolise the production of adult males.
Lignin nanoparticles containing essential oils for controlling Phytophthora cactorum diseases
Authors: Vettraino Anna Maria , Zikeli Florian , Scarascia Mugnozza Giuseppe , Vinciguerra Vittorio , Tabet Dania , Romagnoli Manuela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhytophthora cactorum is a plant pathogen affecting a wide range of hosts, causing economically damaging diseases, such as damping off and root rot, in fields and nurseries. Current plant protection strategies are often inadequate to control Phytophthora diseases. Hence, an attempt was made to evaluate the potential of a novel control method using lignin nanoparticles loaded with essential oil of Thymus serpyllum (EO‐LNPs) for controlling P. cactorum infections on Pinus nigra in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Nanoparticles were characterized by Py‐GCMS and the drug efficiency, and drug loading capacity were determined using HPLC. T. serpyllum essential oils (EOs) were characterized by gas chromatography (GC‐FID and GC‐MS). Under in vitro conditions, the median effective concentration (EC50) values were 20.453 and 88.711 μg/ml, for EOs and EO‐LNPs, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo tests revealed that thyme EOs and EO‐LNPs were very effective in reducing the mortality of inoculated pine seedlings, with an inhibition rate of 93% and 100%, respectively. Results reported in this study open the possibility of using EO‐LNPs for improving plant health in greenhouse settings. The design of new protection strategies relying on lignin nanoparticles conforms to the principles of the circular economy.
Development of the French version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale in a non‐clinical sample of young adults
Authors: Livet Audrey , Pétrin‐Pomerleau Philippe , Pocuca Nina , Afzali Mohammad H. , Potvin Stephane , Conrod Patricia J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn accordance with continuum and cognitive behaviour models of psychosis, cognitive biases precede the onset and the maintenance of positive symptoms. The Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS), a self‐report measure, was developed to explore the prevalence of specific cognitive biases. This study aims to validate the French version of this instrument.MethodsWe first translated the English version of the DACOBS into French. Then, using a sample of 213 French speaking young adults (mean age = 20.54, SD = 1.65; 83% females), we examined the factor structure, internal consistency, concurrent, and convergent validities of the current version.ResultsWe found an 18‐item, four‐factor version of the French DACOBS comprising external attribution bias (five items), social cognition problems (five items), subjective cognition problems (five items), and safety behaviours (five items), provided best fit‐to‐data. Internal consistency for the resulting subscales ranged from acceptable to excellent (Cronbach's α range = .62–.86). All subscales were significantly, positively associated with a measure of psychotic‐like experiences and positively associated with established measures of theoretically relevant constructs, demonstrating concurrent and convergent validity of the French DACOBS.ConclusionsThe French DACOBS is a reliable and valid and reliable instrument assessing cognitive biases, in a French‐speaking youth population. Ultimately, the French DACOBS may be used to identify at‐risk youth which may benefit from cognitive interventions targeting cognitive biases, safety behaviours and social cognition which could potentially prevent transition to psychosis in youth.
Genomic insights into the genotype–environment mismatch and conservation units of a Qinghai–Tibet Plateau endemic cypress under climate change
Authors: Yang Heng , Li Jialiang , Milne Richard Ian , Tao Wenjing , Wang Yi , Miao Jibin , Wang Wentao , Ju Tsam , Tso Sonam , Luo Jian , Mao Kangshan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHabitat loss induced by climate warming is a major threat to biodiversity, particularly to threatened species. Understanding the genetic diversity and distributional responses to climate change of threatened species is critical to facilitate their conservation and management. Cupressus gigantea, a rare conifer found in the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) at 3000–3600 m.a.s.l., is famous for its largest specimen, the King Cypress, which is >55 m tall. Here, we obtained transcriptome data from 96 samples of 10 populations covering its whole distribution and used these data to characterize genetic diversity, identify conservation units, and elucidate genomic vulnerability to future climate change. After filtering, we identified 145,336, 26,103, and 2833 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the whole, putatively neutral, and putatively adaptive datasets, respectively. Based on the whole and putatively neutral datasets, we found that populations from the Yalu Tsangpo River (YTR) and Nyang River (NR) catchments could be defined as separate management units (MUs), due to distinct genetic clusters and demographic histories. Results of gradient forest models suggest that all populations of C. gigantea may be at risk due to the high expected rate of climate change, and the NR MU had a higher risk than the YTR MU. This study deepens our understanding of the complex evolutionary history and population structure of threatened tree species in extreme environments, such as dry river valleys above 3000 m.a.s.l. in the QTP, and provides insights into their susceptibility to global climate change and potential for adaptive responses.
Dietary specialization mirrors Rapoport’s rule in European geometrid moths
Authors: Seifert Carlo L. , Strutzenberger Patrick , Hausmann Axel , Fiedler Konrad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimLatitudinal clines in dietary specialization and range size are used to explain biodiversity distributions at large spatial scales, such as the latitudinal diversity gradient. The aim of this study was to test whether dietary breadth (as a dimension of niche breadth) and range size decrease towards lower latitudes in a species‐rich clade of herbivorous insects as predicted by the latitude–niche breadth hypothesis and Rapoport’s rule, respectively. We also aimed to study whether these species characteristics are positively linked with each other as stated by the niche breadth–range size hypothesis.LocationEurope (35–71° N).Time periodPresent‐day.Major taxaGeometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).MethodsFor every species, we compiled information on latitudinal distribution and host‐plant use based on available literature and online sources. We estimated the level of fundamental dietary specialization of each species while accounting for phylogenetic relationships among the host plants used. We also reconstructed a phylogeny including all studied moth taxa, in order to control for phylogenetic dependence in species characteristics. Phylogenetic least squares (PGLS) analyses were used to test each of our hypotheses.ResultsWe analysed 631 species of geometrids (85.2% of taxa within the biogeographical region) and found strong support for the latitude–niche breadth hypothesis and for Rapoport’s rule. Fundamental dietary breadth was also found to be positively related to latitudinal range size, which supports the niche breadth–range size hypothesis. These results were retained when the subfamilies Ennominae and Larentiinae were analysed separately.Main conclusionsOur findings indicate that latitudinal clines in range size and fundamental dietary breadth covary in European geometrid moths and are likely to be drivers of increased species richness towards lower latitudes. This supports the idea that both characteristics should be studied simultaneously in order to unveil mechanisms structuring biodiversity patterns at the macroecological scale.
In situ formation of mullite strengthened SiC porous ceramics via gelcasting with high strength and good alkali resistance
Authors: Chang Zixuan , Li Zihe , Liu Xinran , Zhang Xu , Xiao Shikang , Tian Yuhang , Li Aijun , Zhang Jingde , Li Jianzhang , Han Guifang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMullite‐bonded porous SiC ceramics sintered in air by gelcasting are still challenges due to the high porosity induced severe oxidation of SiC, which results in the formation of large amount of detrimental cristobalite phase. Here in this work, small amounts of Y2O3 and CaF2 were added in SiC and Al(OH)3 raw materials as sintering additives for the in situ growth of mullite reinforcement. This additive system promoted the reaction between oxidation‐derived SiO2 from SiC and Al2O3 decomposed from Al(OH)3 to mullite phase. Almost no cristobalite phase was detected when sintered at 1450℃/2 h with CaF2 addition of more than 2.0 wt%. Mullite whisker reinforcement was in situ formed due to the gas reaction mechanism caused by CaF2 addition. Thus obtained porous SiC ceramics exhibited a flexural strength of 67.6 MPa at porosity of 41.3%, which maintained exceeding 36 MPa after 8 h corrosion in 10 wt% NaOH 80℃ solution, being the best performance up to now. This high performance of porous SiC was attributed to the additive induces proper phase control and in situ formation of whisker‐like mullite reinforcement.
Recrystallization sintering and characterization of composite powders composed of two types of SiC with dissimilar particle sizes
Authors: Huang Zhiliang , Sun Wenyue , Wang Chengchong , Chen Changlian , Huang Jiangsheng , Chen Song , Hu Pu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPure silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics were prepared through recrystallization sintering by using two types of SiC powder, with different particle sizes, as the raw materials. The effects of the fine powder content on the bulk density, porosity, flexural strength, and grain morphology were investigated. In the synthesis process, silicon nitride (Si3N4) was used as the sintering additive that decomposed and transformed into SiC to promote the growth of SiC grains. The added fine powder was exploited in the evaporation and condensation process and grain amalgamation caused by the movement of the grain boundaries. Thus, a dissimilar fine powder content modulated the microstructure and mechanical strength of the SiC ceramics. The results indicate that the bulk density and flexural strength increase to a maximum of 2.12 g/cm3, 44.2 MPa, respectively, when the fine powder content is 40 wt.%. Three kinds of grain morphologies, that is, uniform equiaxed grains, round, equiaxed grains, and hexagonal platelet grains, and the maximum average pore size (3.62 μm) are obtained when the fine powder content is between 0 wt.% and 60 wt.%. In addition, the main crystal phase 6H‐SiC is partially converted to 4H‐SiC when the fine powder content is up to 60 wt.%.