bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish diversity patterns along coastal habitats of the southeastern Galapagos archipelago and their relationship with environmental variables
Authors: Riofrío-Lazo Marjorie , Zetina-Rejón Manuel J. , Vaca-Pita Leandro , Murillo-Posada Juan Carlos , Páez-Rosas Diego 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoastal habitats are essential for ecological processes and provide important ecosystem services. The Galapagos archipelago has a wide diversity of ichthyofauna which preservation guarantees the functioning of the marine ecosystem. In this study, we used ecological and taxonomic indices as well as multivariate analysis to identify spatiotemporal changes in fish community structure in coastal habitats of San Cristóbal Island in the southeastern Galapagos archipelago. We analyzed how the patterns of variability were related to the abiotic conditions (substrate, sea temperature and depth) of each habitat. Nine sites affected by anthropogenic influence (fishing and tourism) representing different habitats/substrates were sampled. Underwater surveys were conducted during the warm and cold seasons in 2010 and 2011 at transects that varied in depth according to site. Artificial habitat, followed by coral and rocky habitats, had the highest diversity, evenness, and taxonomic distinctness, while mangrove habitats had the lowest values. This was related to the habitat complexity and possible anthropogenic influences. While the diversity patterns were more strongly related to the type of substrate, followed by the combination of substrate and depth, and the sea temperature had less influence. These findings were related to the ecological traits of the fish communities and their mobility between habitats. Temporal changes in fish community diversity and composition were not detected at all sites, suggesting that these species have high fidelity to their habitats and a high environmental tolerance that allows them to persist in their habitats despite strong changes in sea temperature on the Galapagos archipelago.
Comprehensive assessment of harmful heavy metals in contaminated soil in order to score pollution level
Authors: Zhao Haodong , Wu Yan , Lan Xiping , Yang Yuhong , Wu Xiaonan , Du Liyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil-related problems have grown up to be a major threat to human society. Scientific evaluation is helpful to understand the status of soil pollution and provide reference to further work. In this situation, Liaoning Province, a typical industrial and agricultural province in Northeast China, was selected as a case study region. It reviewed 200 studies published between 2010 and 2020 and recorded related data of soil heavy metal. It used model method and index method to evaluate the agricultural region. The comprehensive assessment score of Liaoning pollution level was 0.8998. Dalian was 0.9536, ranking first among the 14 cities. Huludao and Jinzhou were 0.7594 respectively, ranked the last. Heavy metal accumulation in different cities stemmed from different sources, including weathering of parent materials, industrial wastes, sewage irrigation, and mining activities. In general, the pollution level of heavy metal in Liaoning was at low risk level, but it still needs to pay attention to the health risk of heavy metal and the input of heavy metal into the soil, especially cadmium (Cd). This study provides a comprehensive assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in Liaoning, while identifying policy recommendations for pollution mitigation and environmental management.
Impact of sleep duration on executive function and brain structure
Authors: Tai Xin You , Chen Cheng , Manohar Sanjay , Husain Masud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSleep is essential for life, including daily cognitive processes, yet the amount of sleep required for optimal brain health as we grow older is unclear. Poor memory and increased risk of dementia is associated with the extremes of sleep quantity and disruption of other sleep characteristics. We examined sleep and cognitive data from the UK Biobank (N = 479,420) in middle-to-late life healthy individuals (age 38–73 years) and the relationship with brain structure in a sub-group (N = 37,553). Seven hours of sleep per day was associated with the highest cognitive performance which decreased for every hour below and above this sleep duration. This quadratic relationship remained present in older individuals (>60 years,N = 212,006). Individuals who sleep between six-to-eight hours had significantly greater grey matter volume in 46 of 139 different brain regions including the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampi, precentral gyrus, right frontal pole and cerebellar subfields. Several brain regions showed a quadratic relationship between sleep duration and volume while other regions were smaller only in individuals who slept longer. These findings highlight the important relationship between the modifiable lifestyle factor of sleep duration and cognition as well as a widespread association between sleep and structural brain health.
SuperSpeech: Multilingual Speech and Language Maintenance Intervention for Vietnamese–Australian Children and Families via Telepractice
Authors: McLeod Sharynne , Verdon Sarah , Tran Van H. , Margetson Kate , Wang Cen 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this pilot feasibility study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the group VietSpeech SuperSpeech program targeting speech skills and home language maintenance via telepractice.

Method:

In Stage 1, using a case–control design, 30 Vietnamese-English–speaking children were assessed in English and Vietnamese, and parents completed questionnaires about speech and language competency and practices. During Stage 2, children were allocated to intervention (
n
= 14) or control (
n
= 16) conditions. COVID-19 restrictions resulted in changes including nonrandom allocation. Online group intervention targeting speech, home language maintenance, and multilingualism as a superpower was delivered 1 hr/week for 8 weeks. For Stage 3, assessments were undertaken approximately 10 weeks after the pre-intervention assessment.

Results:
Parents in the intervention group significantly increased encouragement of their children to speak Vietnamese. The intervention group significantly increased intelligibility in English. Growth of Vietnamese vocabulary was faster for the control group. There was a moderate effect of intervention for children's perception of being happy talking in Vietnamese and English. There was no significant mean change from pre- to post-intervention compared with the control group for measures of speech sound accuracy in Vietnamese or English, Vietnamese intelligibility, English vocabulary, or hours of Vietnamese spoken each week.

Conclusions:
This study presents preliminary evidence that this 8-hr online group program targeting speech skills and home language maintenance had some impact on Vietnamese–Australian children's speech and home language maintenance. Further research involving a randomized trial is warranted.
Joint channel and power optimisation for multi‐user anti‐jamming communications: A dual mode Q‐learning approach
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Wang Hai , Ruan Lang , Xu Yifan , Feng Zhibin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn view of the anti‐tracking‐jamming problem, traditional online learning methods usually cannot analyse the jamming behaviour, and find an effective way to prevent the jamming attacks. To cope with these challenges, a novel communication/deception dual mode mechanism is proposed in this paper. Deception users are selected to send high‐power signal for jamming attraction, and form collaborative relationships with communication users. The corresponding collaborative anti‐jamming model is then constructed as a Markov game to analyse the multi‐agent decision. Based on that, a joint channel and power optimisation for multi‐user anti‐jamming communications based on dual mode Q‐learning scheme is proposed. Compared with two traditional online learning algorithms, the proposed DCAJ‐QL algorithm effectively achieves 146.5% and 80.4% higher maximum communication rate under tracking jamming conditions, and achieves 40.7% and 53.6% higher maximum communication rate under fixed jamming conditions.
Flex‐circuit resonant chip with Y5V multilayer capacitor for wireless temperature tracking
Authors: Patel Ronish , Selvaraj Madeshwaran , Takahata Kenichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper reports the first wireless thermometric device enabled using a surface‐mount capacitor microchip as the sensing element, offering a low‐cost, disposable, and flexible sensor potentially suitable for a wide range of application areas. The device is developed in the form of a resonant‐circuit chip, in which a Y5V‐type multilayer capacitor microchip that exhibits significant temperature dependence serves as a thermoresponsive element that varies the resonant frequency of the circuit upon a temperature change. The wireless sensor chips prototyped in conjunction with the flex‐circuit technology are tested to show their intended function with the frequency responses of up to 129 kHz/°C for ambient temperature variations. Wireless temperature tracking of a fluid‐flowing channel is experimentally demonstrated using the prototype.
Neu aufgetretener täglicher Kopfschmerz
Authors: Evers Stefan 
Published: March 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer neu aufgetretene tägliche Kopfschmerz (englisch: new daily persistent headache, NDPH) ist 2004 als eigenständiger idiopathischer Kopfschmerz in die International Classification of Headache Disorders aufgenommen worden. Er ist wenig bekannt, obwohl die Prävalenz in etwa der des Clusterkopfschmerzes entspricht. Der Kopfschmerz ist definiert durch seinen plötzlichen Beginn innerhalb eines Tages und das seitdem ununterbrochene Auftreten ohne jegliche Pause. Der Kopfschmerz selbst ist unspezifisch und meistens von mittlerer Intensität. Die Pathophysiologie ist gänzlich unbekannt, obwohl eine postinfektiöse Genese immer wieder postuliert worden ist. Ein weiteres Merkmal ist das sehr schlechte Ansprechen auf sämtliche Therapieverfahren. Die Therapie ist dementsprechend rein empirisch; intravenöse Infusionen mit Lidocain oder Ketamin scheinen die beste, aber nur eine kurz anhaltende Wirksamkeit zu zeigen. Botulinumtoxin ist ebenfalls in einigen Fällen als wirksam beschrieben worden. Orale Therapieversuche scheitern sehr häufig. Wichtig für die Betroffenen ist es vor allem, eine korrekte Diagnose zu erhalten und zu lernen, mit dem Kopfschmerz umzugehen.
Titanium Implants in the Nose: State of the Art
Authors: àWengen Daniel F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTitanium implants in the head have been used widely for decades. Dental implants as well as titanium plates, screws, and mesh have been an integral part of dental and maxillofacial surgery. In the nose, titanium implants were started in 2003. Their purpose is to increase structure and stiffness to nasal cartilages widening the airway. This overview describes the use of titanium implants in the various locations in the nose. We concentrate on three locations: Breathe Implants on the upper lateral cartilage to widen the internal nasal valve, modified breathe implants in the lower lateral nasal wall fixed to the piriform aperture as batten grafts to widen the external nasal valve, and flattened breathe implants as titanium septum plates to straighten and strengthen the nasal septum.
Alternative measures of cow–calf efficiency for Afrikaner, Bonsmara, Nguni, Angus and Simmental sired calves
Authors: Pyoos G. M. , Scholtz M. M. , MacNeil M. D. , Theunissen A. , Neser F. W. C. 
Published: March 2022

Context It is desirable to identify cows that produce higher weaning weights while consuming less feed in order to increase biological efficiency; however, there is no universally accepted metric for cow–calf efficiency. Aim Due to the common usage of ratios to express biological cow efficiency, despite their theoretical defects, these measures and alternatives to them were examined to understand better some of the complexities in improving cow efficiency. Methods The analyses were carried out using SAS. In model 1, 205-day calf weight/cow weight was used to define cow–calf efficiency and in model 3, 205-day calf weight per Large Stock Unit (LSU), which is a standard unit of energy consumed, was used to quantify efficiency. In models 2 and 4, 205-day calf weight was analysed using cow weight and Large Stock Unit, respectively, as covariates. Key results The use of ratios was biased in favour of the smaller Nguni cows. The Bonsmara and Angus sired calves attained 53% of the weight of their Nguni dams, and their weaning weight per Large Stock Unit was 169 ± 9 kg. However, Angus sired calves from Bonsmara dams were most efficient when efficiency was determined by analysis of covariance when cow weight and Large Stock Unit were used as covariates (162 ± 17 kg and 133 ± 22 kg), respectively. Conclusions The results indicate the difficulty in determining differences in cow–calf efficiency in the absence of a standard definition. The difference between output and input can be maximised, when traits are reported in consistent units like joules, financial currency, or carbon footprint. Implications This inconsistent definition of cow–calf efficiency makes its improvement challenging.
Isospectral Hyperbolic Surfaces of Infinite Genus
Authors: Fanoni Federica 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We show that any infinite-type surface without planar ends admits arbitrarily large families of length isospectral hyperbolic structures. If the surface has infinite genus and its space of ends is self-similar, we construct an uncountable family of isospectral and quasiconformally distinct hyperbolic structures.
A Two-Year Evaluation of Flualprazolam Concentrations in Orange County Drivers: Effects on Driving and Field Sobriety Test Performance
Authors: Manaloto Fernando R , Meneses Vanessa M , Mata Dani C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Starting in early 2017, flualprazolam was detected in toxicology and seized drug cases across the USA. Due to the addition of fluorine to alprazolam, flualprazolam’s chemistry was enough to bypass targeted toxicology confirmations, and it has become increasingly available for purchase both on the dark web and in counterfeit pills. Flualprazolam was added to the exact mass screening regiment of the Orange County forensic laboratory in December 2018. Through data mining of previously analyzed cases, data were evaluated beginning from August 2018. Flualprazolam was subsequently added to the laboratory’s validated quantitative liquid chromatography dual mass spectrometry method in the summer of 2020, and all driving cases from August 2018 to June 2020 were re-analyzed to obtain concentrations. The police and drug recognition evaluation (if available) reports were collected and reviewed for all cases where flualprazolam was detected. Of the 203 cases containing quantifiable drug, the average flualprazolam concentration (median, range) was 22.8 ng/mL (15.4 ng/mL, 4.0–133.3 ng/mL). Only two cases had flualprazolam detected with no other drugs. The other most common drugs detected were cannabinoids (62%), ethanol (20%) and cocaine and/or methamphetamine (32%). The most common reason for the police investigation was an accident/collision (50%), and the most common time of officer contact was evening (18:00 to 23:59). The field sobriety test (FST) results were evaluated and showed a higher frequency of impaired performance in cases of flualprazolam in combination with other drugs. No conclusion could be made regarding the effect of flualprazolam alone on FST performance.
Inhibitory effect of ascorbate on tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
Authors: Yuasa Hajime Julie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyse the same reaction, oxidative cleavage of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) to N-formyl-kynurenine. In both enzymes, the ferric form is inactive and ascorbate (Asc) is frequently used as a reductant in in vitro assays to activate the enzymes by reducing the heme iron. Recently, it has been reported that Asc activates IDO2 by acting as a reductant; however, it is also a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. Here, the effect of Asc on human TDO (hTDO) is investigated. Similar to its interaction with IDO2, Asc acts as both a reductant and a competitive inhibitor of hTDO in the absence of catalase, and its inhibitory effect was enhanced by the addition of H2O2. Interestingly, however, no inhibitory effect of Asc was observed in the presence of catalase. TDO is known to be activated by H2O2 and a ferryl-oxo (FeIV=O) intermediate (Compound II) is generated during the activation process. The observation that Asc acts as a competitive inhibitor of hTDO only in the absence of catalase can be explained by assuming that the target of Asc is Compound II. Asc seems to compete with L-Trp in an unusual manner.
‘It could never be just about beer’: race, gender, and marked professional identity in the US craft beer industry
Authors: Wilson Eli R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo critical observers, the growth and professionalization of the US craft beer industry over the last few decades has meant the expansion of yet another kind of workplace replete with standards of whiteness and masculinity. Yet the first-hand experiences of workers in this setting—one that values authenticity and features growing support for social inclusivity—remain understudied. This study asks how do women and people of color negotiate work identities in craft beer? Based on 56 in-depth interviews as well as ethnographic field research in US craft breweries, this study demonstrates how minoritized workers enact their work identities in ways that are both enabled and constrained by their workplace contexts. I find that women and people of color attempt to construct marked professional identities that adhere to existing standards of industry professionalism while selectively engaging their race and gender identities when it is advantageous to do so. I elaborate on how marked professional identities may especially resonate in organizational settings that prioritize authenticity and feature less entrenched organizational norms.
Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality by Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Waves in Fulton County, Georgia: A Cohort Study March 2020–February 2021
Authors: Chishinga Nathaniel , Smith Sasha , Gandhi Neel R , Onwubiko Udodirim N , Telford Carson , Prieto Juliana , Chamberlain Allison T , Khan Shamimul , Williams Steve , Khan Fazle , Sarita Shah N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
We examined differences in mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 cases in Fulton County, Georgia, USA, reported to a public health surveillance from March 2020 through February 2021. We estimated case-fatality rates (CFR) by wave and used Cox proportional hazards random-effects models in each wave, with random effects at individual and long-term-care-facility level, to determine risk factors associated with rates of mortality.

Results
Of 75 289 confirmed cases, 4490 (6%) were diagnosed in wave 1 (CFR 31 deaths/100 000 person days [pd]), 24 293 (32%) in wave 2 (CFR 7 deaths/100 000 pd), and 46 506 (62%) in wave 3 (CFR 9 deaths/100 000 pd). Compared with females, males were more likely to die in each wave: wave 1 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–1.8), wave 2 (aHR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2–1.8), and wave 3 (aHR 1.7, 95% CI, 1.5–2.0). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to die in each wave: wave 1 (aHR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8), wave 2 (aHR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2–1.9), and wave 3 (aHR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4–2.0). Cases with any disability, chronic renal disease, and cardiovascular disease were more likely to die in each wave compared with those without these comorbidities.

Conclusions
Our study found gender and racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality and certain comorbidities associated with COVID-19 mortality. These factors have persisted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic waves, despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Coronary Artery Disease: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Pelliccia Francesco , Zimarino Marco , De Luca Giuseppe , Viceconte Nicola , Tanzilli Gaetano , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a heterogeneous group of cells present in peripheral blood at various stages of endothelial differentiation. EPCs have been extensively investigated in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), with controversial findings both on their role in atherosclerosis progression and in the process of neointimal growth after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite nearly 2 decades of experimental and clinical investigations, however, the significance of EPCs in clinical practice remains unclear and poorly understood. This review provides an update on the role of EPCs in the most common clinical scenarios that are experienced by cardiologists managing patients with CAD. We here summarize the main findings on the association of EPCs with cardiovascular risk factors, coronary atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia. We then discuss the potential effects of EPCs in post-PCI in-stent restenosis, as well as most recent findings with EPC-coated stents. Based on the mounting evidence of the relationship between levels of EPCs and several different adverse cardiovascular events, EPCs are emerging as novel predictive biomarkers of long-term outcomes in patients with CAD.
The common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) ecotypes of the western North Atlantic revisited: an integrative taxonomic investigation supports the presence of distinct species
Authors: Costa Ana P B , Mcfee Wayne , Wilcox Lynsey A , Archer Frederick I , Rosel Patricia E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Integrative taxonomy can help us to gain a better understanding of the degree of evolutionary divergence between taxa. In the western North Atlantic (wNA), two ecotypes (coastal and offshore) of common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, exhibit some external morphological differences, and previous genetic findings suggested that they could be different species. However, their taxonomy remains unsettled. Using an integrative approach comparing traditional and geometric morphometrics, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, we evaluated evolutionary relationships between these ecotypes. We observed congruence among these lines of evidence, strongly indicating that the wNA ecotypes are following distinct evolutionary trajectories. Based on mitochondrial DNA analyses, we detected significant divergence (Nei’s dA = 0.027), unshared haplotypes and one fixed difference leading to complete diagnosability (percentage diagnosable = 100%) of the wNA coastal ecotype. We found morphological diagnosability and negligible nuclear gene flow between the wNA ecotypes. Integration of these multiple lines of evidence revealed that the wNA coastal ecotype is an independent evolutionary unit, appearing to be more closely related to coastal dolphins in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea than to their parapatric offshore neighbours, while the offshore dolphins form a relatively cohesive worldwide unit, T. truncatus. We propose that this coastal ecotype is recognized as a distinct species, resurrecting the name Tursiops erebennus.