bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legislative provisions for standardised tobacco packaging and changes in public support in 27 European countries
Authors: KC Sukriti , Filippidis Filippos T , Laverty Anthony A 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundGlobal adoption of standardised packaging requirements for tobacco products is a victory for public health, but their proliferation and impacts rely partly on public support. How this is related to legislation remains underassessed. This study explored change over time in public support for standardised packaging in countries with varying degrees of legislative provisions.MethodsWe used data from 27 European countries, collected from 2017 (n=28, 300) and 2020 (n=27, 901) waves of the Eurobarometer survey, to assess self-reported support for standardised packaging regulations among both smokers and non-smokers. Countries were grouped into three categories of policy adoption (policy implemented; policy legislated; no legislation) and changes in support were assessed using multilevel Poisson regression models.ResultsIn 2020, public support for standardised packaging was 71% (95% CI 68% to 74%) in countries that implemented standardised packaging legislation, 57% (55% to 60%) in countries that had legislated but not yet implemented legislation and 41% (40%to 42%) in countries with no legislation. Compared with 2017, this represented a relative change of +8% (1% to 15%), +12% (5% to 21%) and −5% (95% CI −2% to −8%), respectively, in the three country categories. Among smokers, there was no indication of change in support across the three groups. Among non-smokers, support increased in countries with existing legislation (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.14, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) and decreased in countries with no legislation (aPR=0.93, 0.90 to 0.97).ConclusionsPublic support for standardised packaging regulations increased in countries implementing and legislating for these measures, particularly among non-smokers. An overall increase in support provides reassurance for policymakers defending policy action on tobacco packaging, as well as for those seeking to implement standardised packaging in their own countries.
Predicting future diameter distributions given current stand attributes
Authors: Cao Quang V. 
Published: January 2022

This study discussed four methods to project a diameter distribution from age A1 to age A2. Method 1 recovers parameters of the distribution at age A2 from stand attributes at that age. Method 2 uses a stand-level model to grow the quadratic mean diameter, and then recovers the distribution parameters from that prediction. Method 3 grows the diameter distribution by assuming tree-level survival and diameter growth functions. Method 4 first converts the diameter distribution at age A1 into a list of individual trees before growing these trees to age A2. In a numerical example employing the Weibull distribution, methods 3 and 4 produced better results based on two types of error indices and the relative predictive error for each diameter class. Method 4 is a novel method that converts a diameter distribution into a list of individual trees, and in the process, successfully links together diameter-distribution, individual-tree, and whole-stand models.
HIV/AIDS-Pneumonia Codynamics Model Analysis with Vaccination and Treatment
Authors: Teklu Shewafera Wondimagegnhu , Rao Koya Purnachandra 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we proposed and analyzed a realistic compartmental mathematical model on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic incorporating pneumonia vaccination and treatment for both infections at each infection stage in a population. The model exhibits six equilibriums: HIV/AIDS only disease-free, pneumonia only disease-free, HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic disease-free, HIV/AIDS only endemic, pneumonia only endemic, and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic endemic equilibriums. The HIV/AIDS only submodel has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium if

R

1

<
1
.

Using center manifold theory, we have verified that both the pneumonia only submodel and the HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coepidemic model undergo backward bifurcations whenever

R

2

<
1

and

R

3

=
max

R

1

,

R

2

<
1

, respectively. Thus, for pneumonia infection and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection, the requirement of the basic reproduction numbers to be less than one, even though necessary, may not be sufficient to completely eliminate the disease. Our sensitivity analysis results demonstrate that the pneumonia disease transmission rate

β

2

and the HIV/AIDS transmission rate

β

1

play an important role to change the qualitative dynamics of HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection. The pneumonia infection transmission rate

β

2

gives rises to the possibility of backward bifurcation for HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection if

R

3

=
max

R

1

,

R

2

<
1

, and hence, the existence of multiple endemic equilibria some of which are stable and others are unstable. Using standard data from different literatures, our results show that the complete HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection model reproduction number is

R

3

=
max

R

1

,

R

2

=
max

1.386
,
9.69

=
9.69

at

β

1

=
2

and

β

2

=
0.2

which shows that the disease spreads throughout the community. Finally, our numerical simulations show that pneumonia vaccination and treatment against disease have the effect of decreasing pneumonia and coepidemic disease expansion and reducing the progression rate of HIV infection to the AIDS stage.
Modeling Multicancer Screening
Authors: Duffy Stephen W. , Sasieni Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Jiao and colleagues have developed an estimation framework for measuring the benefits of a multi-cancer screening test, notably in terms of cancer detection and deaths prevented. The approach is clear and attractive. Further developments are likely to include more flexible modeling of sensitivities and specificities.
See related article by Jiao et al., p. 38
Collocations and aviation terms
Authors: Piazentine Costa Carlos Eduardo 
Published: January 2022

Collocations have a great potencial to the understanding of meanings, senses and concepts of words or terms they compound. In this article, we studied the collocations of the terms “segurança” in Portuguese, and “safety” and “security” in English, in aviation language. Our aims were to search for a better understanding of the studied conceptual units, and to offer a discussion about the role of collocations in Terminology. We built two comparable corpora, one with Portuguese texts from the Brazilian National Civil Aviation Agency and the Brazilian Air Force, and another one with English texts from the International Civil Aviation Organization. We focused on the main collocations of the three terms in Portuguese and in English. The theoretical frame we adopted was the Communicative Theory of Terminology (CABRÉ, 1999) and we used the techniques of Corpus Linguistics (TAGNIN, 2010, 2013; BERBER SARDINHA, 2000) to design our methodology, assisted by the software WordSmith Tools, version 6.0. (SCOTT, 2012). We found noun and adjective collocations. The study is addressed to professionals, teachers and tranlators who make use of aviation language.

KEY-WORDS: Terms of Aviation; Terminology; Corpus Linguistics; Collocations.
O agrupamento rítmico como base para a performance pianística de obras do período clássico
Authors: Grosman Miriam 
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho propõe recursos pedagógicos para o estudo deliberado das obras do período clássico, tendo como focos principais os agrupamentos rítmicos e os seus padrões de interpretação. Abordamos conceitos relacionados à estrutura do agrupamento assim como ao gesto musical, tendo por base trabalhos como os de Alamos e Gimenez, Wallace Berry, Assis e Amorim, Santiago e Meyerewicz. Tendo por objetivo a compreensão estrutural da obra, onde a identificação dos agrupamentos constitui uma ferramenta para o estudo deliberado, o trabalho apresenta, ainda, uma síntese do significado de classicismo na música e diretrizes gerais para a interpretação da obra clássica no piano, apoiando-se em princípios e conceitos difundidos por renomados pesquisadores, pianistas e professores como, por exemplo, Newman, Rosenblum e Rosen.
Reduced Maternal Circulating Cell‐Free Mitochondrial DNA Is Associated With the Development of Preeclampsia
Authors: Cushen Spencer C. , Ricci Contessa A. , Bradshaw Jessica L. , Silzer Talisa , Blessing Alexandra , Sun Jie , Zhou Zhengyang , Scroggins Sabrina M. , Santillan Mark K. , Santillan Donna A. , Phillips Nicole R. , Goulopoulou Styliani 
Published: January 2022

Background
Circulating cell‐free mitochondrial DNA (ccf‐mtDNA) is a damage‐associated molecular pattern that reflects cell stress responses and tissue damage, but little is known about ccf‐mtDNA in preeclampsia. The main objectives of this study were to determine (1) absolute concentrations of ccf‐mtDNA in plasma and mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and (2) forms of ccf‐mtDNA transport in blood from women with preeclampsia and healthy controls. In addition, we sought to establish the association between aberrance in circulating DNA‐related metrics, including ccf‐mtDNA and DNA clearance mechanisms, and the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia using bootstrapped penalized logistic regression.

Methods and Results

Absolute concentrations of ccf‐mtDNA were reduced in plasma from women with preeclampsia compared with healthy controls (
P
≤0.02), while mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not differ between groups (
P
>0.05). While the pattern of reduced ccf‐mtDNA in patients with preeclampsia remained, DNA isolation from plasma using membrane lysis buffer resulted in 1000‐fold higher ccf‐mtDNA concentrations in the preeclampsia group (
P
=0.0014) and 430‐fold higher ccf‐mtDNA concentrations in the control group (
P
<0.0001). Plasma from women with preeclampsia did not induce greater Toll‐like receptor‐9–induced nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells‐dependent responses in human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing the human
TLR‐9
gene (
P
>0.05). Penalized regression analysis showed that women with preeclampsia were more likely to have lower concentrations of ccf‐mtDNA as well as higher concentrations of nuclear DNA and DNase I compared with their matched controls.

Conclusions
Women with preeclampsia have aberrant circulating DNA dynamics, including reduced ccf‐mtDNA concentrations and DNA clearance mechanisms, compared with gestational age–matched healthy pregnant women.
Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Trajectories by Obstetric History: A Longitudinal Study in the Norwegian HUNT Study
Authors: Fraser Abigail , Markovitz Amanda R. , Haug Eirin B. , Horn Julie , Romundstad Pål Richard , Dalen Håvard , Rich‐Edwards Janet , Åsvold Bjørn Olav 
Published: January 2022

Background
Women with a history of obstetric complications are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but whether they should be specifically targeted for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk screening is unknown.

Methods and Results
We used linked data from the Norwegian HUNT (Trøndelag Health) Study and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to create a population‐based, prospective cohort of parous women. Using an established CVD risk prediction model (A Norwegian risk model for cardiovascular disease), we predicted 10‐year risk of CVD (nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, and nonfatal or fatal stroke) based on established risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, total and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, antihypertensive use, and family history of myocardial infarction). Predicted 10‐year CVD risk scores in women aged between 40 and 60 years were consistently higher in those with a history of obstetric complications. For example, when aged 40 years, women with a history of preeclampsia had a 0.06 percentage point higher mean risk score than women with all normotensive deliveries, and when aged 60 years this difference was 0.86. However, the differences in the proportion of women crossing established clinical thresholds for counseling and treatment in women with and without a complication were modest.

Conclusions
Findings do not support targeting parous women with a history of pregnancy complications for CVD screening. However, pregnancy complications identify women who would benefit from primordial and primary prevention efforts such as encouraging and supporting behavioral changes to reduce CVD risk in later life.
Increased Cardiac Arrhythmia After Pregnancy‐Induced Hypertension: A South Korean Nationwide Database Study
Authors: Park Yoonjee , Cho Geum Joon , Roh Seung‐Young , Na Jin Oh , Oh Min‐Jeong 
Published: January 2022

Background
Although pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with an elevated cardiovascular risk, long‐term studies or prepregnancy baseline data are scarce. Therefore, using a large nationwide cohort with prepregnancy periodic health screening data, we investigated whether clinically significant arrhythmia incidence increases after PIH.

Methods and Results
Data were extracted from the Korea National Health Insurance database and combined with the National Health Screening Examination database; women who gave birth between 2007 and 2015 and underwent the national health screening test within a year before pregnancy were followed up until 2016. We excluded women who had a diagnosis of arrhythmia within 1 year before pregnancy. The primary outcome was significant arrhythmia during the year after delivery. Secondary analysis included only specific diagnostic codes of arrhythmia with clinical significance. Additionally, the risk of arrhythmia was stratified by the use of magnesium sulfate. Of 2 035 684 women (PIH; n=37 297 versus normotensive pregnancy; n=1 998 387), the PIH group had a higher prepregnancy risk profile and showed a higher incidence of arrhythmia than women with normotensive pregnancies within 1 year. Women with PIH had a significantly higher risk of atrial flutter/fibrillation and atrioventricular block, but not lethal arrhythmias. Other predictors of arrhythmia development included advanced maternal age and cesarean section. Stratified analysis showed a higher risk of arrhythmia with magnesium sulfate use.

Conclusions
PIH was significantly associated with the development of arrhythmia within 1 year after delivery. Nevertheless, the incidence of lethal arrhythmias was not increased by PIH. Arrhythmia, especially atrial fibrillation, may largely contribute to increasing the future cardiovascular risk in women with a PIH history.
No Evidence of Attentional Modulation of the Neural Response to the Temporal Fine Structure of Continuous Musical Pieces
Authors: Etard Octave , Messaoud Rémy Ben , Gaugain Gabriel , Reichenbach Tobias 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Speech and music are spectrotemporally complex acoustic signals that are highly relevant for humans. Both contain a temporal fine structure that is encoded in the neural responses of subcortical and cortical processing centers. The subcortical response to the temporal fine structure of speech has recently been shown to be modulated by selective attention to one of two competing voices. Music similarly often consists of several simultaneous melodic lines, and a listener can selectively attend to a particular one at a time. However, the neural mechanisms that enable such selective attention remain largely enigmatic, not least since most investigations to date have focused on short and simplified musical stimuli. Here, we studied the neural encoding of classical musical pieces in human volunteers, using scalp EEG recordings. We presented volunteers with continuous musical pieces composed of one or two instruments. In the latter case, the participants were asked to selectively attend to one of the two competing instruments and to perform a vibrato identification task. We used linear encoding and decoding models to relate the recorded EEG activity to the stimulus waveform. We show that we can measure neural responses to the temporal fine structure of melodic lines played by one single instrument, at the population level as well as for most individual participants. The neural response peaks at a latency of 7.6 msec and is not measurable past 15 msec. When analyzing the neural responses to the temporal fine structure elicited by competing instruments, we found no evidence of attentional modulation. We observed, however, that low-frequency neural activity exhibited a modulation consistent with the behavioral task at latencies from 100 to 160 msec, in a similar manner to the attentional modulation observed in continuous speech (N100). Our results show that, much like speech, the temporal fine structure of music is tracked by neural activity. In contrast to speech, however, this response appears unaffected by selective attention in the context of our experiment.
Research on Imbalanced Data Classification Based on Classroom-Like Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Lv Yancheng , Lin Lin , Liu Jie , Guo Hao , Tong Changsheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Most of the research on machine learning classification methods is based on balanced data; the research on imbalanced data classification needs improvement. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are able to learn high-dimensional complex data distribution without relying on a prior hypothesis, which has become a hot technology in artificial intelligence. In this letter, we propose a new structure, classroom-like generative adversarial networks (CLGANs), to construct a model with multiple generators. Taking inspiration from the fact that teachers arrange teaching activities according to students' learning situation, we propose a weight allocation function to adaptively adjust the influence weight of generator loss function on discriminator loss function. All the generators work together to improve the degree of discriminator and training sample space, so that a discriminator with excellent performance is trained and applied to the tasks of imbalanced data classification. Experimental results on the Case Western Reserve University data set and 2.4 GHz Indoor Channel Measurements data set show that the data classification ability of the discriminator trained by CLGANs with multiple generators is superior to that of other imbalanced data classification models, and the optimal discriminator can be obtained by selecting the right matching scheme of the generator models.
HIV-Related Internalized Stigma and Patient Health Engagement Model in an Italian Cohort of People Living With HIV
Authors: Massaroni Valentina , Delle Donne Valentina , Ciccarelli Nicoletta , Lombardi Francesca , Lamonica Silvia , Borghetti Alberto , Ciccullo Arturo , Di Giambenedetto Simona 
Published: January 2022

The care engagement of people living with HIV (PLWH) measured with the patient health engagement (PHE) model and its association with HIV-related internalized stigma are not well established. Indeed, currently there are no data yet about the engagement of PLWH measured with the PHE model. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HIV-related internalized stigma on care engagement and mental health and to fill the lack of data on PHE model applied to PLWH. We found that the internalized stigma score was significantly higher for PLWH ( n=82) in worse care engagement phase and both higher internalized stigma scores and worse engagement were associated to major depression symptoms. In conclusion, our findings describe for the first time the engagement in care of PLWH measured with PHE and highlight the importance of PLWH support to find strategies to cope stigma-related stress and optimize their care engagement.
Interstitial Mr Lymphography Using Gd-Carrying Liposomes
Authors: Misselwitz B. , Sachse A. 
Published: January 2022

The detection of metastasis in lymph nodes is greatly enhanced by the use of contrast media. Interstitial injection of lymphography contrast agents requires only injection of a low dose of the agent, and leads to high accumulation in regional lymph nodes with only minor side effects. We were able to show the suitability of liposome-encapsulated gadobutrol as an interstitially injectable lymphography contrast agent in an experimental animal model. For screening of possible lymphotrophic compounds a guinea pig model was used. Accumulation of the contrast agent in 3 successive lymph node groups was determined 4 h after subcutaneous injection of the contrast agent (about 0.1 ml of a 30 mmol Gd/1 solution resulting in a total dose of 10 μmol/kg) into the interdigital skin fold of a hind limb. The Gd concentration in the first lymph node group (popliteal) was 540 μmol/1 (16% dose/g tissue), in the second group (inguinal): 260 μmol/1 (8% dose/g tissue), and in the third group (iliacal): 910 μmol/1 (27% dose/g tissue). Moreover, this compound was completely eliminated and well tolerated.
Evaluation of the necessity of laparoscopic repair of a uterine scar defect for cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Xiang Jiangdong , Cao Yannan , Zhou Lina , Yang Haiying , Wu Sufang , Li Linxia 
Published: January 2022

Objective This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the necessity of laparoscopic scar defect repair for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 237 patients with CSP who were treated by ultrasound-guided suction curettage and/or laparoscopy in our hospital from April 2012 to November 2019. A total of 199 of these patients underwent ultrasound-guided suction curettage without uterine scar defect repair, while 38 of these patients underwent laparoscopic resection and uterine scar defect repair. We analyzed various clinical variables and compared the efficacy of treatment between the two groups. Results Gestational age, the maximum transverse diameter (MTD) of the gestational sac, myometrial thickness, the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and the duration of the hospital stay were significantly different between the two groups. Gestational age, the MTD of the gestational sac, and myometrial thickness were independent risk factors for laparoscopic repair. Conclusions Gestational age, the MTD of the gestational sac, and myometrial thickness are important factors associated with the necessity for laparoscopic repair of a uterine scar defect.
Study on the surface quality of 60vol% SiCp/Al2024 composites with large-grained
Authors: Jin Po , Gao Qi , Quanzhao Wang  , GuangYan Guo  
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the finite element cutting simulation model with irregular distribution of multiple particles is established, the stress and strain distribution of SiC particles in the process of machining, as well as the material removal mechanism are analyzed. The effects of cutting velocity and feed per tooth on the surface quality of the material are also analyzed. The effect of feed per tooth on subsurface damage is revealed. The results show that in the micro-milling of SiCp/Al2024 composites, the particle removal form is mainly crushing and extraction. The surface defects of the workpiece mainly include pits, scratches, cracks, and extrusion damage. When the cutting velocity increases, the surface defects gradually change to crack, which can improve the surface quality of the workpiece. Increasing the feed per tooth will increase the surface defects of the workpiece and lead to poor surface quality. When the feed per tooth increased from 0.428 µm to 0.714 µm, the subsurface damage thickness increased from 35.2 µm to 47.3 µm.