bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute hepatitis in a paediatric patient: immune-mediated drug-induced liver injury or albendazole-induced autoimmune hepatitis?
Authors: Dragutinović Nataša , Barać Aleksandra , Stevanović Goran , Đorđić Irena , Paglietti Bianca , Micić Jelena , Aleksić Ema , Martinov Nestorov Jelena 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common causes of liver damage. A large number of drugs, dietary supplements, and herbal medications can cause hepatotoxicity. In some situations, it is difficult to distinguish between DILI and autoimmune hepatitis, especially when the mechanism is immune-mediated. Albendazole is a drug that has been used for decades for the treatment of parasitic infections in humans. One of the side effects is liver enzyme elevation, but rarely requires the discontinuation of therapy. Previous experience has shown that hypersensitivity is the most common mechanism of albendazole hepatotoxicity.
Case report: Here we presented a paediatric patient in whom albendazole induced severe liver injury. In laboratory analyses, in addition to markedly elevated transaminases and parameters of cholestasis, there was also a significant increase in IgG, so autoimmune hepatitis was considered. Even though the liver histology indicated toxic liver disease, prednisolone was started. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in the complete normalization of liver function, as well as IgG. With the cessation of corticosteroid therapy, transaminases, bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) remained within normal levels, but an increase in anti-smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) was noted in immunological analyses after one year of follow-up.
Conclusions: Immune-mediated hepatotoxicity from albendazole is one possible mechanism of liver injury. The use of albendazole in the treatment of parasitic infections, especially in children, requires close monitoring. The question remains as to whether albendazole is a drug that can induce autoimmune hepatitis in the paediatric population.
Pricing and Phasing of In Vitro Fertilization Services in Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Seistrajkova Marija , Dimitrov Gligor , Petanovski Zoran , Iljovska Srebra 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: In vitro fertilization (IVF) services in North Macedonia are mainly provided in private hospitals. The expenses for this service are covered by the HIF, by issuance of a voucher to the patients. One voucher is for one IVF cycle. Price of the voucher was determined in 2012 and specified protocols for provision of the service were set. Since then, the price was not revised or adjusted. Objective of this research is to adjust the price for IVF services in the country, based on existing national protocols and in accordance to the realistic costs.
Materials and Methods: Data from RE-MEDIKA’s electronic system for patients’ medical information (BIRPIS) was extracted. Information was related to patients who undergo the procedure covered by the Health Insurance Fund (HIF) - voucher. For defining direct costs, internal data from the hospital was used and adjusted. For defining indirect costs, data for overhead expenditures of the hospital was adjusted. Description of costs was made in accordance with the national protocol for IVF. Tables (excel spread sheets) used for the calculation are developed by the HIF.
Results: The process of IVF was divided in three consecutive phases: phase 1- induction, phase 2 - fertilization and phase 3 - embryo transfer (ET). Each phase was priced accordingly. If all three phases are finished and ET is performed, the final full price for one IVF cycle - voucher is about 104,000 Macedonian denars (about 1,700 Euros).
Conclusion: We suggest introducing of phasing for the IVF process related to payment per phases’ finalization, where the next phase follows consequently. This phasing enables the patients to understand the procedures and the progress of the process; enables doctors to follow up the finalization and successfulness of the procedure; and gives the payer (buyer of the service, HIF) complete overview of the procedure and payment for each phase separately. Thus, success or failure of the entire process in specific phases can be monitored and evaluated.
Dietary Risk Assessment of Acrylamide in School Canteen Snacks among Primary School Students in Alexandria Governorate
Authors: El-Tawila Mahmoud , Agamy Neveen , Emara Rana , Aboorhyem Samar , Elzayat Amira 
Published: November 2022

Abstract BACKGROUND: Acrylamide (AA) is considered as a carcinogenic and genotoxic food contaminant produced in carbohydrate-rich foods Canteen snacks available in school are among these carbohydrate-rich foods. The paper investigates the risk associated with consuming acrylamide rich canteen snacks. AIM: The aim of the work was to study the dietary risk of acrylamide in school canteen snacks among primary school students and to determine the concentration of AA in different snacks METHODS: The level of AA was detected in 73 samples for 16 different canteen snacks sold at school canteens. Samples were collected randomly from the canteens of primary schools in Alexandria city. All samples were extracted and cleaned-up then analyzed using HPLC techniques. A food frequency questionnaire was designed to determine the frequency and amount of consumption of different canteen snacks among primary school students during school day. The data was collected from six different primary schools in Alexandria city (3 public and 3 private schools). All interviewed school students (466 student) were weighted for the calculation of dietary exposure of AA during school day. RESULTS: The results showed that, the average and the 95th percentile of acrylamide exposure were 1.4 and 4 μgkg−1 BWsd−1, respectively. There is a statistically significant difference between dietary exposure to AA between private schools and public schools. The estimated margin of exposure (MOE) calculated from the average acrylamide exposure was 128 and 221 and from 95th percentile was 45 and 77, based on BDML10 values 0.18 mgkg−1 BWd−1 and 0.31 mgkg−1 BWd−1. With the highest risk calculated in schools offering fried foods prepared in school canteen. CONCLUSION: Dietary exposure to AA from canteen snacks among primary school students in Alexandria city is considered as a health concern according to the definition of the WHO, where the calculated MOE values were very close to the values set by the JECFA committee (45-310) for health problems of concern.
Présentation
Authors: Blanchet Vincent 
Published: November 2022

Intitulé « Le dieu inconnu », l’article de Reiner Schürmann ici publié et traduit en français parut d’abord en allemand au mois de mai 1966 dans la revue Der christliche Sonntag . Sa tâche est simple et radicale, puisqu’il s’agit de traverser les façons dont nous parlons de Dieu afin d’éprouver si sa divinité y est encore pour nous accessible. Schürmann est alors jeune dominicain de la province de France, il se destine à la prêtrise et s’apprête à commencer une thèse de lectorat sur Maître Eckhart. En mars de la même année, soit quelques mois avant la publication de ces pages, Schürmann avait rencontré Heidegger dans l’espoir de lui faire parler de Dieu. Telles sont les trois puissances qui règnent sur cet article : la jeunesse, le christianisme et la philosophie. Plus précisément : l’allemand maternel, Maître Eckhart et Heidegger.
Notes sur le statut de la tragédie dans la conception freudienne de l’homme
Authors: Fernandez de Souza Pedro 
Published: November 2022

Chez Freud, l’antiquité grecque surgit non seulement en tant qu’objet d’un intérêt constant, mais aussi comme une vraie toile de fond de sa théorisation. Le complexe d’Œdipe, le fruit majeur de cette centralité de la Grèce classique chez Freud, fit l’objet de diverses critiques en ce qui concerne la manière dont il aborda et travailla la tragédie grecque. Dans cet article, nous partons d’une de ces critiques (celle de l’«  innocence d’Œdipe  ») pour étudier le statut de la tragédie grecque au sein de la conception freudienne de l’homme. C’est alors que la centralité de la tragédie révèle ses principaux contours, et la psychanalyse freudienne émerge comme une sorte de mise en scène et réinterprétation, profanes, des trames sophocléennes.
Comment Tamerlan a pris Alep en 803/1400
Authors: Vigouroux Élodie 
Published: November 2022

À la fin du xive siècle le conquérant turco‑mongol Tamerlan menaçait le sultanat mamelouk. En 1400, après s’être emparé de plusieurs villes d’Anatolie, il assiégea Alep. La cité, pourtant défendue par tous les gouverneurs de Syrie, fut investie par les troupes tatares après quelques escarmouches. En outre, sa célèbre citadelle se rendit après un siège de trois jours. Pour l’historiographie du xxe siècle, la prise d’Alep ne fut qu’un épisode passager, aux conséquences limitées. La confrontation de textes d’origines différentes permet aujourd’hui de réexaminer cet évènement. Le présent article vise à interroger les raisons de cette conquête éclair, en proposant une reconstitution des faits, et à mettre en lumière les conséquences de l’occupation tatare sur la ville et ses habitants.
P.Cair.EgLib. 513: A Certificate for a Ziyāra to the Prophet’s Tomb in Medina (16th century)
Authors: Martín Sergio Carro 
Published: November 2022

This article presents a hitherto unpublished document preserved at Dār al‑Kutub al‑Miṣriyya (Cairo) under inventory number P.Cair.EgLib.inv. 513. The document extols the holy city of Medina and contains a diagrammatic representation of the Prophet’s mosque (al‑masǧid al‑nabawī) comparable to other illustrated scrolls dated to the sixteenth century. The material, textual and iconographic characteristics of this document raise the possibility that it could be the draft of a ziyāra certificate attesting to a pious visit to the tomb of Muḥammad in Medina.
Le palmier et le grenadier dans les romans de Sinan Antoon : renversement de deux symboles à la croisée des religions
Authors: Rubino Marcella 
Published: November 2022

Dans les romans de Sinan Antoon, un des auteurs les plus connus de l’Irak contemporain, certains éléments paysagers contribuent à la construction du codage référentiel du texte en lien direct avec l’imaginaire du lecteur et sont investis donc d’une fonction esthétique importante. C’est le cas notamment de deux arbres, le grenadier et le palmier. Si les symboles liés à ces derniers nourrissent un répertoire commun à l’ensemble du monde arabo-islamique, ils acquièrent une résonance particulière dans ces romans, où ils illustrent la volonté de construire une esthétique se situant au-dessus de tout clivage culturel, confessionnel, idéologique. Symboles universels rattachés à la vie, dans les romans Waḥdahā šaǧarat al‑rummān [Seul le grenadier] et Yā Maryam [Ave Maria] ces deux arbres assument ainsi des significations spécifiques : le grenadier du laveur de morts devient le symbole de la continuité entre la vie et la mort dans un contexte où cette dernière est omniprésente, tandis que le palmier, personnification de l’individu, témoigne à travers son dépérissement et sa destruction, de la tragédie irakienne.
Espaces vécus et temporalités de la ville en guerre. Mobilités et circulations à Damas et dans son arrière‑pays rural (xiie‑début xvie siècle)
Authors: Eychenne Mathieu 
Published: November 2022

Entre le début du xiie siècle et la conquête ottomane en 1516, Damas a connu pas moins de vingt‑cinq sièges et blocus militaires. Cet article interroge les dimensions spatiales et temporelles de l’« état de guerre » qui, au moins à partir du xiie siècle, a saisi les villes proche‑orientales. Il s’intéresse à la façon dont la guerre modulait les différents espaces de la ville (portes et enceintes urbaines, faubourgs, territoire rural, etc.) et tendait à leur assigner des caractéristiques propres selon des temporalités bien définies. En se concentrant sur les mobilités et les contraintes de circulations des habitants, avant, pendant et après le siège, il s’agit ainsi de mettre en lumière les usages et perceptions de ces différents espaces par les populations et la façon dont elles faisaient l’expérience de la ville en guerre.
La guerre au Maghreb à la fin du Moyen Âge : une bataille de la résilience urbaine
Authors: Correia Jorge 
Published: November 2022

En 1415, le Maghreb islamique vit l’arrivée d’un nouvel agent politique, militaire et religieux dans la région : les portugais chrétiens. La conquête de Ceuta entama un processus de colonisation qui, à la fin du xve siècle, aboutit à la création du territoire dit « le Gharb d’outre-mer », comprenant trois autres places fortifiées : Ksar Sghir, Tanger et Asilah. Le siège des villes musulmanes influença de manière irréversible leur devenir urbain. Les conquérants adoptèrent une attitude pragmatique. Elle était orientée vers la pérennité des forteresses dans un environnement hostile. Des réductions significatives de leur périmètre et leur surface de la zone occupée furent réalisées, selon une procédure appelée atalho (réduction). Dans un esprit profondément rationnel, cette technique conduisit à une analyse radicale des limites des villes appropriées, les régularisant géométriquement et réévaluant leur orientation et leur configuration interne. Cet article se concentre sur l’impact effectif que ces nouveaux seigneurs provoquèrent dans les médinas musulmanes fortifiées préexistantes, désormais dépourvues de leur population autochtone, en particulier en ce qui concerne l’architecture militaire et les bâtiments publics.
L’An 41 : la prise de Marrakech par les Almohades
Authors: Ghouirgate Mehdi 
Published: November 2022

Cet article se propose de revenir sur un événement majeur : la prise de Marrakech par les Almohades en 541/1147. Pour ce faire, le siège et la prise de la capitale almoravide sont replacés dans leur contexte, celui d’une lutte à mort entre deux dynasties qui ambitionnaient d’unifier l’ensemble de l’Occident musulman. Il s’agit également d’analyser comment ce tournant est appréhendé dans les sources arabes médiévales et d’identifier des différences entre les sources favorables aux Almohades et celles qui leur furent hostiles : elles mettent au jour une lutte idéologique pour légitimer ou décrier les Almohades. À ce titre, la source la plus substantielle relative à ce changement de régime, Ibn ʿIḏārī, fait l’objet ici d’une traduction qui permet de rendre compte du modus operandi des chroniqueurs.
Investigating the territorial embeddedness of circular economic practices in the Brussels-Capital Region
Authors: Lambert Deborah , Santos Mariana , Bassens David 
Published: November 2022

L’économie circulaire (EC) figure parmi les priorités de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale (RBC), car elle permet de concilier durabilité et objectifs économiques, tels que la fixation des activités productives dans la région et la création d’emplois. Le présent document s’appuie sur six études de cas dans le secteur agroalimentaire pour examiner la manière dont l’EC s’imbrique dans les tissus sociospatial, économique, culturel, financier et institutionnel de la région. Nous constatons que l’EC englobe une pluralité de pratiques, ce qui augure de nombreuses possibilités pour son expansion. Nous recommandons de tenir compte de cette diversité, dans la mesure où les politiques visent à créer des coalitions entre la Région, des entreprises dont les modèles économiques et les missions divergent, ainsi que des initiatives de proximité dans différents domaines. En outre, il apparaît nécessaire de valoriser les « emplois circulaires » et nous préconisons d’accorder plus d’attention aux activités d’EC urbaines au-delà 1) de celles centrées sur les marchés ciblant des consommateurs à revenus moyens ou élevés, et/ou 2) de celles qui font grimper la valeur marchande de l’immobilier.
Guillain-Barre syndrome in Sri Lanka: subtypes and trends
Authors: Gunasekera Sudath M. , Gunarathna Kamal , Samarawickrama Duminda , Dharmakeerthi D. M. W. , Sesath Hewa G. R. , Wijesekera Ravindra L. , Perera S. D. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To evaluate Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) subtypes in Sri Lanka. Design setting: The patients satisfying established criteria for diagnosis of GBS were included. The cases were classified into GBS subtypes based on electrodiagnostic findings. Patient intervention: None Measurements: Clinical neurophysiological evaluations were done. The studies were repeated as appropriate. Results: The evaluations were done between 2 and 143 days from onset (median = 7 days). There were 1153 patients (Male: Female = 1.4 :1) with age 1 to 86 years (mean = 43.7). Of them 191 (16.6%) were below 13 years (Male: Female = 1.2:1). GBS subtypes were demyelinating type 577 (50%), axonal forms 475 (41.2%), Miller-Fisher syndrome 5 (0.4%) and unclassifiable 96 (8.3%). Among the children there were 99 (51.8%) with demyelinating type, 82 (42.9%) with axonal forms, 10 (5.2%) with unclassifiable findings and none with MFS. There was some clustering of both demyelinating and axonal cases in the early and late months of the year whereas in children there is excessive occurrence of GBS cases of both types in the first 5 months of the year. There is a second peak of axonal GBS later in the year. Overall tendency of reduction in the number of cases, especially axonal forms, is noticeable over the years. Interpretation: The age and sex distribution of the cases is similar to that of other countries. The occurrence of axonal subtypes is prominent. The proportions of GBS subtypes and case clustering in children may be related to the preceding infection.
‘Neurophobia’ of medical undergraduates: does it affect exam performance? The Sri Lankan perspective
Authors: Ranasinghe P. , Gunatilake S. B. 
Published: November 2022

‘Neurophobia’ is the ‘fear of neural sciences and clinical neurology held by medical students and doctors’. Neurophobia, results in doctors performing a poor neurological examination and referring patients indiscriminately to neurologist. It is said to originate in medical school. The extent of the problem in Sri Lanka is yet to be established. The present study aims to ascertain whether neurophobia actually affects the medical undergraduates’ performance at the final year examination or is a simple ‘perceived’ phobia without an impact on students’ performance. Materials and methods: The marks of students’ for the Structured Essay Questions (SEQs) were analyzed at three consecutive final year examinations (2008-2010). Data were analyzed using SPSS v14. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Sample size for years 2008-2010 were 160, 151 and 155 respectively, while the average marks (±SD) for all SEQs were 58.1±7.7, 54.5±7.7 and 59.8±9.2 respectively. In the 2008 batch the marks in neurology (59.8±14.6) was significantly higher only from marks for pulmonology question (53.1±12.7). In 2009 the marks for the neurology question (69.4±15.0) was significantly higher than all other questions, while in 2010 the marks obtained for the neurology (54.6±23.4) was significantly lower than the marks for the cardiology (61.8±9.2), pulmonology (77.6±9.6) and nephrology (60.9±9.2). The students’ overall average decreased significantly by exclusion of the neurology question in 2009 from 58.2±8.0 to 54.5±7.7 (p<0.001), but not in the other years studied. With the exclusion of the neurology question marks, the average of those having an overall average for all questions of <50 improved, but in the better students (overall average >50) the average remained unchanged. Conclusion: The impact of neurophobia on the performance of medical undergraduates at SEQ examinations seems to be very minimal. However, further studies are needed in other areas to assess the impact of neurophobia, on clinical practice, on patient-based clinical examination and management.
A Scoping Review of Recent Advancements in Intervention and Outcome Measures for Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Dawar Dimple , Kamalakannan Sureshkumar , Chawla Nistara S. , Mathew Jibil T. , Mehmood Esha , Bhatnagar Unnati , Pandian Jeyaraj Durai 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Cognitive deficit is one of the common impairments that occur post stroke and have a major effect on the quality of life of stroke survivors. However, the intervention and outcome measures used to remediate post-stroke cognitive impairments are diverse and highly heterogeneous. Therefore, a review of intervention and outcome measures for post-stroke cognitive impairments was carried out.

Objectives:
To review all available information on the recent advancements in intervention and outcome measures for post-stroke cognitive impairments.

Methods:
An electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library with key search terms between 2001 and 2021. The search results were systematically screened, and data was independently extracted by three reviewers. The data was thematically analyzed and narratively synthesized.

Results:
The search retrieved 2018 records, and we included 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies targeted global cognitive deficits in ischemic stroke patients in the chronic phase. We categorized data based on the type of cognitive impairment, cognitive- domain targeted, intervention, and available outcome measures for post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation. Attention, memory, executive function, and global cognition were the common cognitive components targeted, managed, and assessed using an outcome measure. We found that technology is replacing conventional approaches to improve cognitive impairment.

Conclusion:
Regardless of many new developments in post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation interventions driven by technology, there is limited data available on actual implementation as a scalable solution. There is an extensive need for future research for evidence-based assessment and management of cognitive impairments in post-stroke rehabilitation.
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among Persons with Disabilities in the South-East Asian Region
Authors: Thiagesan Rajeswaran , Gopichandran Vijayaprasad , Subramaniam Sudharshini , Soundari Hilaria , Kosalram Kalpana 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health burden in the South-East Asian region. Persons with disabilities have a higher predilection for developing type 2 diabetes.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among persons with physical, development, sensory, and psychiatric disabilities in the South-East Asian regional countries.

Methods:
The Medline database was searched through PubMed using a specifically developed search strategy to identify observational studies that looked at the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among persons with various types of disabilities. Specific inclusion–exclusion criteria were used to shortlist the most relevant studies. The AXIS tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the identified studies. Data were extracted from the final list of studies and meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Forest plot was used to study the pooled estimate and funnel plot was studied to assess publication bias. Subgroup analysis of prevalence of diabetes among persons with psychiatric and physical disabilities was performed.

Results:
A total of 771 papers were identified for screening. Of them, 740 were excluded and 31 were included in the full-text review. Finally, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among persons with disabilities was 12.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.8%–16.8%). The studies showed a wide heterogeneity. The funnel plot did not show any publication bias. Subgroup analysis showed that while the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in persons with psychiatric disabilities was 14.0% (95% CI: 9%–18.9%), it was 10.6% (95% CI: 3.6%–17.6%) among persons with other forms of physical disabilities.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is high among persons with disabilities. There is a need for well-conducted systematic studies in the South-East Asian region on prevalence of type 2 diabetes among persons with disabilities.