bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Bronchoscopy for Airway Foreign Bodies in the ACS NSQIP‐P: Morbidity and Mortality 2014–2019
Authors: Powers Kristina F. , Reese Alyssa D. , Carr Michele M. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveExamine morbidity and mortality associated with bronchoscopy for pediatric airway foreign body (AFB). Identify factors associated with adverse events.MethodsA retrospective analysis from 2014 to 2019 using the multicenter public data set from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program‐ Pediatric. Patients under 18 who underwent bronchoscopy for AFB were identified. Demographics, comorbidities, perioperative events, length of stay, and complications were collected. Regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with adverse events.Results2302 patients were included; 1427 (62%) males and 875 (38%) females. Mean age was 3.9 years. (95% CI 3.7–4.1). 2025 (88%) retained AFB as the postoperative diagnosis. Comorbidities included structural pulmonary abnormalities in 234 (10.5%), asthma in 149 (6.5%), and impaired cognitive status in 134 (5.8%). Most common complications were pneumonia in 19 (0.8%) and reintubation in 10 (0.4%). 10 (0.4%) had a prolonged LOS >30 days. Nine (0.4%) children died within 30 days of surgery; 7 (78%) were ventilated and 6 (67%) had CPR prior to surgery. 18 (0.8%) returned to OR and 15 (0.7%) were readmitted for related reasons. Linear regression showed an association between ASA class (β = 0.708, p < 0.001), operative time (β = 0.015, p = 0.013) and reintubation (β = 10.5, p < 0.001) with LOS. Time in the OR was associated with return to OR (β = .008, p = 0.004) through logistic regression.ConclusionMorbidity is low in children with AFB and mortality is usually associated with preoperative lifesaving maneuvers.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:689–693, 2023
Salt Partitioning in Cationic Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Model‐Seawater Desalination
Authors: Jangizehi Amir , Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCharged hydrogels partially reject salt ions during swelling in a salt solution reservoir. This feature suggests applicability for the separation of salt ions from saline water for water desalination in a membrane‐free forward osmosis process. In this work, model charged cationic and thermoresponsive hydrogels are prepared and their potential for desalination of model seawater containing both monovalent and divalent ions with concentrations of 0.11–3.5 wt% is investigated. The recovery of adsorbed water, after partial salt rejection, is achieved by heating the hydrogels. The salt rejection increases upon increase of the charge density of the hydrogels and diminishes by increase of the concentration of the salt solution. In addition, the salt rejection during deswelling of the hydrogels is in the opposite of the overall process target, adding another challenge on the efficiency of the approach. Besides the experimental results, equations based on the Donnan theory are derived to predict the salt rejection of hydrogels during swelling and deswelling processes. While the theoretical values deviate from the experimental ones, the theory predict the overall trend well. Both experimental and theoretical results confirm that this approach has considerable potential for the desalination of saline water at low concentrations such as brackish waters.
Melt Electrowriting of a Photo‐Crosslinkable Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐Based Material into Tubular Constructs with Predefined Architecture and Tunable Mechanical Properties
Authors: Pien Nele , Bartolf‐Kopp Michael , Parmentier Laurens , Delaey Jasper , De Vos Lobke , Mantovani Diego , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Dubruel Peter , Jungst Tomasz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing process that produces highly defined constructs with elements in the micrometer range. A specific configuration of MEW enables printing tubular constructs to create small‐diameter tubular structures. The small pool of processable materials poses a bottleneck for wider application in biomedicine. To alleviate this obstacle, an acrylate‐endcapped urethane‐based polymer (AUP), using a poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) (molar mass: 20 000 g mol−1) (AUP PCL20k) as backbone material, is synthesized and utilized for MEW. Spectroscopic analysis confirms the successful modification of the PCL backbone with photo‐crosslinkable acrylate endgroups. Printing experiments of AUP PCL20k reveal limited printability but the photo‐crosslinking ability is preserved post‐printing. To improve printability and to tune the mechanical properties of printed constructs, the AUP‐material is blended with commercially available PCL (AUP PCL20k:PCL in ratios 80:20, 60:40, 50:50). Print fidelity improves for 60:40 and 50:50 blends. Blending enables modification of the constructs' mechanical properties to approximate the range of blood vessels for transplantation surgeries. The crosslinking‐ability of the material allows pure AUP to be manipulated post‐printing and illustrates significant differences in mechanical properties of 80:20 blends after crosslinking. An in vitro cell compatibility assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells also demonstrates the material's non‐cytotoxicity.
Saudi Arabian CML patient with a novel four‐way translocation at t(9;22;5;2)(q34;q11.2;p13;q44)
Authors: Dridi Walid , Kanfar Solaf , Sleiman Patrick M. A. , Liu Yichuan , Hakonarson Hakon , Rammah Hayaal , Matrouk Alia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe vast majority of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients have a single translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), BCR/ABL1 fusion genes, which is regarded as the hallmark of CML. However, around 5 to 10% of CML patients exhibit the involvement of a third chromosome. In some very rare cases a fourth or even fifth chromosome can be involved with the t(9;22).MethodsThis case report is based on a 40‐year‐old Saudi Arabian male patient, diagnosed with CML in lymphoid blast crisis, and observed to have a four‐way 46 XY, t(9;22;5;2)(q34;q11.2;p13;q44) translocation. The BCR/ABL1 fusion was identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Additionally, the BCR/ABL1 p210 mRNA fusion transcripts were identified by a molecular test.ResultsThe clinical and prognostic impact of additional partner chromosomes to t(9;22) remains unknown. The CML patient with this novel four‐way translocation t(9;22;5;2) progressed to blast crisis and was resistant to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Therefore, this case is more in alignment with the negative impact of additional partner chromosomes to the translocation at t(9;22).ConclusionHere we report for the first time a novel four‐way translocation at t(9;22;5;2)(q34;q11.2;p13;q44).
Frequency‐selective rasorber with two wide absorption bands and two transmission zeros
Authors: Xing Qijun , Wu Weiwei , Yan Yuchen , Zhang Ximeng , Yuan Naichang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article presents a frequency selective absorber (FSR) with a selective passband and two wide absorption bands. The structure is composed of a resistive layer and a bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) layer. The resistive layer is a combination of a metallic ring with loaded resistors and meander‐line elements, which generates parallel resonances. Multiple metallic square loops are designed in the bandpass FSS to produce series and parallel resonances. The simulation results show that the 3 dB transmission band ranges from 6.55 to 8.39 GHz, and the minimum insertion loss of 0.5 dB is at 7.47 GHz. The dual‐polarized FSR realizes two transmission zeros on both sides of the passband. The reflection coefficient lower than −10 dB is from 3.68 to 13.67 GHz. Moreover, the FSR is manufactured and measured.
Feasibility study of fast intensity‐modulated proton therapy dose prediction method using deep neural networks for prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Wei , Chang Yu , Liu Yilin , Liang Zhikai , Liao Yicheng , Qin Bin , Liu Xu , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeCompared to the pencil‐beam algorithm, the Monte‐Carlo (MC) algorithm is more accurate for dose calculation but time‐consuming in proton therapy. To solve this problem, this study uses deep learning to provide fast 3D dose prediction for prostate cancer patients treated with intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT).MethodsA novel recurrent U‐net (RU‐net) architecture was trained to predict the 3D dose distribution. Doses, CT images, and beam spot information from IMPT plans were used to train the RU‐net with a five‐fold cross‐validation. However, predicting the complicated dose properties of the IMPT plan is difficult for neural networks. Instead of the peak‐monitor unit (MU) model, this work develops the multi‐MU model that adopted more comprehensive inputs and was trained with a combinational loss function. The dose difference between the prediction dose and Monte Carlo (MC) dose was evaluated with gamma analysis, dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and dose‐volume histogram (DVH) metrics. The MC dropout was also added to the network to quantify the uncertainty of the model.ResultsCompared to the peak‐MU model, the multi‐MU model led to smaller mean absolute errors (3.03% vs. 2.05%, p = 0.005), higher gamma‐passing rate (2 mm, 3%: 97.42% vs. 93.69%, p = 0.005), higher dice similarity coefficient, and smaller relative DVH metrics error (clinical target volume (CTV) D98%: 3.03% vs. 6.08%, p = 0.017; in Bladder V30: 3.08% vs. 5.28%, p = 0.028; and in Bladder V20: 3.02% vs. 4.42%, p = 0.017). Considering more prior knowledge, the multi‐MU model had better‐predicted accuracy with a prediction time of less than half a second for each fold. The mean uncertainty value of the multi‐MU model is 0.46%, with a dropout rate of 10%.ConclusionThis method was a nearly real‐time IMPT dose prediction algorithm with accuracy comparable to the pencil beam (PB) analytical algorithms used in prostate cancer. This RU‐net might be used in plan robustness optimization and robustness evaluation in the future.
Synthesis and Antimalarial Activities of New Hybrid Atokel Molecules
Authors: Li Youzhi , Loureiro Anthony , Nguyen Michel , Laurent Marion , Bijani Christian , Benoit‐Vical Françoise , Robert Anne , Liu Yan , Meunier Bernard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe currently spreading resistance of the malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparumto artemisinin‐based combination therapies makes an urgent need for new efficient drugs. Aiming to kill artemisinin‐resistantPlasmodium, a series of novel hybrid drugs named Atokels were synthesized and characterized. Atokels are based on an 8‐amino‐ or 8‐hydroxyquinoline entity covalently bound to a 1,4‐naphthoquinone through a polyamine linker. These drugs have been designed to target the parasite mitochondrion by their naphthoquinone moiety reminiscent of the antimalarial drug atovaquone, and to trigger a damaging oxidative stress due to their ability to chelate metal ions in order to generate redox active complexes in situ. The most effective Atokel drug shown a promising antimalarial activity (IC50=622 nmon an artemisinin‐resistantP. falciparumstrain) and no cytotoxicity at 50 μmindicating a specific antiplasmodial mode of action.
Species diversity enhances perceptions of urban coastlines at multiple scales
Authors: Fairchild Tom P. , Weedon Jasmine , Griffin John N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiodiversity is increasingly understood as an important mediator of human aesthetic appreciation of scenes and landscapes, with implications for cultural services and well‐being. However, the generality of biodiversity effects across affective emotions, scales and habitats remains unclear.Urban coastal intertidal habitats on seawalls and other artificial structures are expanding worldwide. Despite growing calls to prioritise biodiversity in urban coastal planning and management, the potential co‐benefits determined by people's responses to biodiversity in these novel intertidal communities are unexplored.We investigated, using image‐based questionnaires, how several facets of biodiversity influence how people perceive urban coastal structures at both landscape and close‐up scales.Species richness strongly enhanced people's ratings of images for aesthetic appeal, interest and calming potential at both scales, but was more pronounced at the close‐up scale. Species evenness also increased ratings at the close‐up scale, while functional diversity (Rao'sQ) was associated with a decline in aesthetic appeal and interest at the close‐up scale, indicating that people can disfavour scenes dominated by species with contrasting traits.Analysis of free‐text assessments showed that people strongly and positively valued scenes that were perceived to be ‘diverse’, a response that was much more common when viewing scenes with high species richness. The underlying structure type also clearly affected appraisals, with more obviously engineered structures being perceived to be less natural and thus less desirable.Our results show that biodiversity's effects on aesthetic appreciation extend to multiple affective emotions and to unfamiliar urban intertidal habitats, suggesting that managing these environments for biodiversity may simultaneously support aesthetic, educational and well‐being benefits. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of responses to the facet of biodiversity and viewing scale in our results underlines the context dependency and complexity of people's perceptions of urban environments.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Effect of carbon fiber addition on the tribological properties of polyoxymethylene composites
Authors: Li Yi , Wu Yue , Liang Mei , Zhang Hao , Zou Huawei , Zhou Shengtai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the effect of carbon fibers (CFs) addition on the tribological properties of both polyoxymethylene (POM) and POM/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) blends. Two kinds of CFs with different fiber length (i.e., 40 μm and 1 mm) were compared. Results showed that the addition of longer CFs could effectively reduce the wear rate of pure POM and POM/PTFE composites. Both high P × V friction coefficient and mass wear rate of POM/PTFE particle/CF composites were significantly reduced when compared with the POM/PTFE particle counterparts, which is related to the easier formation of transfer film on the sliding countersurface and better load transfer of CFs. This study provides a new perspective for improving the tribological properties of engineering plastics by tailoring the geometry of functional fillers.
Sacroiliac joint pain in adolescents: Diagnostic and treatment challenges
Authors: Cucchiaro Giovanni , Francis Christopher , Householder Kymberly , Fernandez Allison 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this review was to assess diagnostic and treatment challenges of adolescents with SI joint pain. We diagnosed 13 of the patients who were referred to our chronic pain clinic because of low back pain (30%) with SI joint pain based on provocative tests response. We performed SI joint steroid infiltration. Six patients (46%) felt better immediately after the procedure and 1 (8%) patient had a one‐side only pain relief after a bilateral block. Four of these patients (31%) did not experience any further episode of pain during the follow‐up and three patients reported recurring pain on average 2 months after the initial procedure. The 2nd procedure was successful in two patients and the third one experienced pain again 12 months later, requiring a third successful infiltration. Six patients (46%) experienced pain again within a few hours or days after the infiltration and their pain score were unchanged compared with what they had reported prior to the procedure. We were unable to place the needle within the joint under fluoroscopy in 1 patient; however, we were successful repeating the procedure under CT guidance. One patient experienced a motor and sensory block in the distribution of the sciatic nerve immediately after the procedure, which resolved within 24 and 48 hours, respectively. SI joint pain is a distinctive pathology that can be present in children and adolescents and is often overlooked by practitioners. Its diagnosis and management are challenging in this population as it is in adults. SI joint steroids injections may play a role in the management of these patients.
Why do men with prostate cancer discontinue active surveillance for definitive treatment? A mixed methods investigation
Authors: McIntosh Megan , Opozda Melissa J. , O’Callaghan Michael , Vincent Andrew D. , Galvão Daniel A. , Short Camille E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the personal and/or medical reasons patients on active surveillance (AS) have, or consider having, further definitive treatment for their prostate cancer. Research suggests up to 50% of patients on AS will discontinue within 5 years, though reasons for discontinuation from the patient's perspective is under‐explored.MethodsProstate cancer patients who were or had been on AS for at least 6 months were recruited. A questionnaire assessed reasons for receiving/considering definitive treatment and the extent to which reasons were personal or medical. Clinical information was extracted from a state‐level population registry. A subset of participants were interviewed to further explore questionnaire responses.ResultsOne‐hundred and‐three individuals completed the survey; 33 were also interviewed. Fifty‐four survey participants (52%) had discontinued AS for definitive treatment. Common reasons for discontinuation were evidence of disease progression, doctor recommendation, desire to act, and fear of progression. Many participants who considered or had treatment reported weighing medical and personal factors equally in their decision. Interview participants described strongly considering any amount of disease progression and personal factors such as fear of progression, family concerns, and adverse vicarious experiences when deciding whether to pursue treatment.ConclusionBoth medical and personal factors are considered when deciding whether to discontinue AS. Identifying predictors of discontinuation is essential for informing supportive care services to improve AS management.
Optimized grade group for reporting prostate cancer grade in systematic and MRI‐targeted biopsies
Authors: He Yang , Shen Qi , Fu Weixiao , Wang He , Song Gang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo explore an optimized grade group (oGG) criterion from systematic biopsies (SB) and targeted biopsies (TB) and offer a better prediction of radical prostatectomy (RP) grade group (GG).MethodsPositive needles were collected from 146 patients who underwent SB + TB followed by RP. The grade was assigned for two different kinds of biopsies with five GG criteria: (1) global GG (gGG); (2) most common GG (most common GG from SB + TB, mGG); (3) highest GG (highest numerical GG from SB + TB, hGG); (4) largest volume/linear length cancer GG (defined as GG from the SB + TB with the largest length of cancer in a needle, lGG). These biopsy grades were compared (equivalence, upgrade, or downgrade) with the final grade of the RP lesion, using weighted κ coefficients; (5) Then the best agreement of the (2) (3) (4) grading scores from SB or TB was combined to introduce an oGG.ResultsIn this study, gGG showed generally poor agreement (47.2%) with RP GG (weighted κ: 0.43). Using the three criteria (mGG, hGG, and lGG) of SB, mGG had the best agreement (55.5%, weighted κ: 0.46), while hGG and lGG had a lower agreement (48.6% and 48.6%, weighted κ: 0.42 and 0.38). Using the three criteria (mGG, hGG and lGG) of TB: lGG had the best agreement (56.8%, weighted κ: 0.43), while mGG and hGG had lower agreement (50.0% and 49.3%, weighted κ: 0.40 and 0.40); Then oGG was generated (higher GG between mGG of SB and lGG of TB) and the agreement of oGG increased to 59.6% and weighted κ was 0.49. Additionally, oGG had a lower upgrade rate than gGG, while the downgrade rate remained unchanged.ConclusionsoGG showed better agreement with RP GG than gGG. oGG had a lower upgrade rate than gGG, while downgrade rate remained unchanged.
Approaching sustainable development goals: Inspirations from the Arts and Crafts movement to reshape production and consumption patterns
Authors: Chen Chong‐Wen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContemporary profit‐oriented development and consumption cultures have led to unsustainable behaviours and lifestyles and prevented our achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This article explores how arts and aesthetics could form a trend of thought to reshape current production and consumption patterns. I argue that the Arts and Crafts movement of 19th‐century Britain provides many clues for today's industries and societies to create sustainable values, including its defence of labour value, promotion of arts education, and pursuit of nature and honest aesthetics. This article analyses the movement's historical contexts and vital propositions and associates them with the United Nations' SDGs. The implications are multidimensional and interconnected. Firstly, developing small‐scale and customised products or services that meet customers' cultural and life experiences might extend product longevity. In addition, such manufacturing transformation requires incorporating craft ideas into various industries and techniques and forging cross‐sector collaboration to enable open innovation and employment equity. Finally, enterprises could work with public sectors and cultural institutions to promote community empowerment and everyday aesthetics, cultivating public awareness of responsible production and ethical consumption. This paper provides interdisciplinary discourse to turn arts and crafts values into tangible schemes for sustainable development.
Ochratoxin a induces hepatic fibrosis through TGF‐β receptor I/Smad2/3 signaling pathway
Authors: Chae Seung A , Pyo Min Cheol , Yoo Hee Joon , Lee Kwang‐Won 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOchratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin generated by Penicillium and Aspergillus species. It is often found in cereals. We hypothesized that OTA exposure induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to liver fibrosis. In this research, we explored whether the TGF‐β receptor I (TGF‐β RI)/Smad2/3 signaling pathway is related to EMT‐induced hepatic fibrosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments, mRNA and protein expression of liver fibrosis‐related markers such as fibronectin, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and E‐cadherin were assessed. The levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin, which are used to assess damage, increased. We also confirmed the increase in mRNA and protein expression of TGF‐β RI, Smad2, and Smad3. The expression of liver fibrosis‐related markers was decreased by siRNA‐mediated silencing of Smad2/3, as well as TGF‐RI suppression. Liver cells exposed to OTA showed enhanced TGF‐β RI expression on the cell membrane. These results demonstrated that OTA induces hepatic fibrosis through TGF‐β RI and Smad2/3 pathways in vitro and in vivo.
Literacy Activities that Highlight Emergent and Beginning Literacy Development
Authors: Bear Donald R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractActivities that teach PreK–1 students the six components of emergent literacy and beginning reading and word study are presented for classroom settings. These activities are adaptable developmentally and they highlight four important aspects of teaching phonics, spelling and word knowledge that are often overlooked: the rhythm of literacy, Concept of Word in Text (COW‐T), articulation in word study, and the role of spelling in the reciprocal processes of reading and writing (decoding/encoding). Research underlying these activities suggests that rhythmic activities in early literacy instruction can be a precursor to explicit instruction for phonological awareness with young children and students who struggle to learn to read. The research also shows how articulation and other multisensory aspects of learning to read are parts of development and instruction for emergent and beginning readers. The role of spelling during these early periods is highlighted and discussed.