bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroacupuncture alleviates multifidus muscle injury by modulating mitochondrial function and Ca2+ uptake
Authors: Li Xia , Zhao Jun , Lv Qiaoqiao , Tian Yuan , Zhang Li , Liu Tong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultifidus muscles maintain the stability of the lumbar spine and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nonspecific lower back pain. Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) can relieve the symptoms of low back pain and reduce injury to the lumbar multifidus muscles. In this study, a rat model of lumbar multifidus muscle injury was established by 0.05% bupivacaine injection and subsequently treated with EA at bilateral “Weizhong” (BL40) acupoints. Disruption of the function and structure of multifidus muscles, increased cytosolic Ca2+ in multifidus myocytes, and reduced mitochondrial fission and ATP production were observed in the model group. Additionally, increased expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) promoted mitochondrial reuptake of Ca2+, reversing the excessive increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+. However, the excessive increase in MCU not only aggravated the increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ but also decreased the expression of the mitochondrial division proteins dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF). EA inhibited the overexpression of MCU, promoted mitochondrial reuptake of Ca2+, and reversed cytosolic Ca2+ overload. Furthermore, EA regulated the expression of the mitochondrial fission proteins Drp1 and MFF and promoted the production of ATP, helping the recovery of mitochondrial function after multifidus injury. Therefore, EA can protect against bupivacaine‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, possibly by attenuating MCU overexpression in the inner mitochondrial membrane and reducing Ca2+ overloading in muscle cells, thereby protecting mitochondrial function and maintaining the normal energy demand of muscle cells.
Black Phosphorus‐Based Lithium‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Ju O Min , Hui Jeong Jun , Hyeok Park Jong , Ahn Hyo‐Jun , Chul Roh Kwang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) with high theoretical capacity has received attention in lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs). Nevertheless, it is difficult to introduce BP to LICs due to poor rate capability and cycling stability. In this study, we implement BP‐based LIC by introducing BP/C composite with improved above mentions problems. The composite exhibits capacities of 2156 and 1088 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 5.0 A g−1, respectively, and good cycling stability over 1000 cycles. It is the results of improved electrical conductivity and mitigated volume expansion by embedded structure with BP in amorphous carbon and covalent bonding at interface. The LIC delivers maximum energy and power density of 178 Wh kg−1 at 30 W kg−1 and 3.0 kW kg−1 at 65 Wh kg−1, respectively, and capacitance retention of 85 % after 5000 cycles. The BP has been successfully introduced into LIC and has the ample potential for application in electric vehicles.
Photodissociation of acetone revisited: Femtosecond transient absorption of S1 state and highly excited Rydberg state in the gas phase
Authors: Jin Seung Min , Yang Ilseung , Kim Hyung Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotodissociation dynamics of acetone in gas phase were, for the first time, investigated using the pump‐probe technique of femtosecond transient absorption. To obtain a genuine time profile of nR state, we employed 200‐nm and 400‐nm pulses for two‐photon excitation and three‐photon excitation, respectively. In gas phase of acetone, the extraordinarily stable nR state originated from nR states in the Franck–Condon region, whose decay time constant was 350 ± 10 fs, was observed after excitation by three‐photon absorption of 400‐nm pulses. In the low‐power case of 267 nm, the photodissociation dynamics in the S1 state by one‐photon absorption showed that acetone was completely dissociated into two methyl radicals and C=O via an acetyl radical intermediate with a lifetime of 200 ± 10 fs. In the high‐power case of 267‐nm light, we interpreted the transient, although this is a subject of ongoing debate, as caused by both the photodissociation dynamics of the S1 state for a fast component and the dynamics of nR states for long‐lived species.
Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity and Toxicity Evaluation of Secondary Ammonium Salts from Turpentine Oil for Sustainable Weed Control
Authors: Dong Huanhuan , Zhang Hongmei , Xu Shichao , Wang Jing , Dai Songlin , Chen Yuxiang , Bi Liangwu , Zhao Zhendong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree series of secondary ammonium chloride from turpentine were synthesized and evaluated as botanical herbicides. The preemergence herbicidal activities against ryegrass (Loliun multiflorum) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus‐galli) were investigated using water as the only solvent. Their toxicity was evaluated by cytotoxicity assays. Preliminary results demonstrated that the herbicidal performance of the prepared salts was similar or much higher than that of corresponding secondary amines and even commercial herbicide glyphosate. Promisingly, compound 14e containing a cyclohexyl‐substituted p‐menthene skeleton with an IC50 value of 0.0014 mM against root growth of ryegrass showed 39‐fold higher herbicidal activity than glyphosate. Besides, this compound was found to be nontoxic to human and animal cells, indicating the potential application as a water‐soluble herbicide for ryegrass control.
Facilitating future access to the coronary arteries in patients who need transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A significant step in the right direction
Authors: Postalian Alexander , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: March 2022

Key Points

Ensuring ease of future access to the coronary arteries in patients who need transcatheter aortic valves is of growing importance.
The self‐expanding Evolut valve has commissures that, if not adequately aligned, can make future coronary access particularly difficult.
The authors provide convincing evidence that inserting the delivery system with the flush port at the 3 o'clock position, while orienting the “hat” marker toward the aortic outer curve or center front position, results in higher rates of favorable commissural alignment.
It is our hope that upcoming iterations of the device will be designed to facilitate future percutaneous coronary intervention in patients who require it.
Clinical risk overlaps both bare metal and drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Tehrani David M. , Seto Arnold H. 
Published: March 2022

Key Points

Similar to the era of bare‐metal stents, there is increased risk of myocardial infraction and target vessel revascularization in the presence of stent overlap when using drug‐eluting stents (DES).
This increased risk of events was present regardless of DES generation or polymer delivery system type.
These findings highlight the importance of pre‐intervention planning with imaging‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention.
Enhanced attribute based encryption technique for secured access in cloud storage for personal health records
Authors: N Saravanan , A Umamakeswari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent development of medical information technology uses personal health record (PHR) system, which allows the patients to create, store and share their own health information with doctors, nurses, health insurance providers, and family members. However, it has the security and privacy issues. The secret key generation is the major task by performing different algorithms on attribute based encryption (ABE) technique. This method helps to identify the trusted authority using secret key verification on the decryption process. The revocation scheme is performed to reduce the attributes for improving the performance. The drawback of existing method is overcome by the proposed system in which the PHR file is securely accessed by performing enhanced encryption and decryption of ABE technique. Here the matrix based lattice algorithm is proposed with bit plane transformation of decomposition matrices. Attribute reduction and secret key encryption is performed to improve the result of reliability, security, and scalability. The plain text is created to cipher text as key and it holds the encrypted PHR file on the cloud storage, which is retrieved only by the trusted authority. The proposed method is analyzed and compared with the existing work and achieves greater results than most of the recent related literature.
Manipulating the Self‐Assembly of Multicomponent Low Molecular Weight Gelators (LMWGs) through Molecular Design
Authors: Loos Jeanette N. , D'Acierno Francesco , Vijay Mody Urmi , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMulticomponent low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) may self‐assemble by co‐assembly (CA), social self‐sorting (SSS), or narcissistic self‐sorting (NSS). Understanding the nuances of the self‐assembly processes is important to predict the behavior of multicomponent organogels. Here, we investigate the effect of molecular structure on self‐assembly in a series of amino‐acid based bicomponent LMWGs that differ in headgroup and alkyl chain length. Packing preference of the organogels was determined using differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and small angle X‐ray scattering. From 66 bicomponent samples we found 50 CA, 14 SSS and 2 NSS. Furthermore, we performed statistical analysis to investigate the role of hydrophobicity and chain length on the overall pathway of self‐assembly for these systems. We found the hydrophobicity of the headgroup strongly affected the assembly preference of the organogel, but alkyl chain length only played a small role.
Effects of a lifestyle intervention on body composition in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Chaplow Zachary L. , Focht Brian C. , Lucas Alexander R. , Grainger Elizabeth , Simpson Christina , Buell Jackie , Fairman Ciaran M. , Thomas‐Ahner Jennifer M. , Bowman Jessica , DeScenza Victoria R. , Monk J. Paul , Mortazavi Amir , Clinton Steven K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundExercise and dietary (EX+D) interventions could represent an optimal treatment for attenuating or reversing adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The Individualized Diet and Exercise Adherence‐Pilot (IDEA‐P) trial compared the effects of an EX+D intervention relative to standard‐of‐care (SC) treatment among PCa patients undergoing ADT. The present study evaluated the effects of the EX+D intervention on body composition (BC) obtained via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subsample of IDEA‐P patients. A secondary objective was to explore the association of adiposity and lean mass with mobility performance and strength.MethodsComplete DXA data were acquired from a subsample of 22 PCa patients (EX+D: n = 13; SC: n = 9) at baseline and 3 month follow‐up. Intention‐to‐treat analysis included data from 30 participants (M age = 66.28; SD = 7.79) with baseline DXA assessments.ResultsIntention‐to‐treat analysis revealed EX+D resulted in significant improvements in fat mass (P = 0.022), per cent fat mass (P = 0.028), trunk fat mass (P = 0.017), fat mass/lean mass (P = 0.040), and per cent lean mass (P = 0.026) vs. SC. EX+D also resulted in more favourable changes in appendicular lean mass/body mass (d = 0.59). Select BC outcomes were also significantly correlated with mobility performance and strength (P < 0.05) at 3 month follow‐up.ConclusionsFindings suggest the EX+D intervention resulted in superior preservation of lean tissue and improvement in adiposity relative to SC treatment. Results underscore the utility of implementing EX+D interventions for preserving muscle mass and reducing adiposity in PCa patients undergoing ADT.
Frailty in long‐term Dutch adult survivors of childhood acute myeloid leukaemia, neuroblastoma, and Wilms' tumour
Authors: Verwaaijen Emma J. , Corbijn Daniëlle M. , van Hulst Annelienke M. , Neggers Sebastian J.C.M.M. , Boot Annemieke M. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Hartman Annelies , Pluijm Saskia M.F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral simultaneous impairments in physical ability may be an indication of frailty in adult survivors of childhood cancer (CCS). The aim of our study was to assess the occurrence of frailty and to explore potential determinants in a selected Dutch cohort of long‐term adult CCS.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we used data of 70 very long‐term CCS [median age 28.8 years (interquartile range: 23.9–34.6)] of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (n = 17), neuroblastoma (NBL) (n = 25), and Wilms' tumour (WT) (n = 28). Prefrailty and frailty were defined as having, respectively, 2 and ≥3 of the five following components: low relative lean body mass (by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry less than −1.5 standard deviation, SD), self‐reported exhaustion (fatigue, exhaustion, or exertion related complaints), low energy expenditure (men: <383 kcal/week, and women: <270 kcal/week), slow walking speed (less than −2.0 SD on the 6‐min walk test), and weakness (hand grip strength less than −2.0 SD). Potential determinants of prefrailty and frailty (≥2 components), including treatment components, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors, were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsRespectively, 6.3% and 28.1% women and 5.3% and 26.3% men were classified as frail and prefrail. Six per cent of the AML, 8% of the NBL, and 3.6% of the WT CCS were frail. Forty‐one per cent of the AML, 28% of the NBL, and 17.9% of the WT CCS were prefrail. No significant associations were found between any of the investigated determinants and frailty or prefrailty.ConclusionOur results confirm previous reports that CCS, in particular intensively treated, have a potential risk of (pre)frailty.
Long‐chain fatty acids in sarcopenia patients with cardiovascular diseases: importance of n‐9 monounsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Katoh Atsushi , Ikeda Hisao , Matsushima Yoshihisa , Sasaki Motoki , Okina Norihito , Niiyama Hiroshi , Harada Haruhito , Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Kai Hisashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong‐chain fatty acids are essential components of the cellular energy supply, cellular membranes, and autacoid synthesis. It has been suggested that long‐chain fatty acids might be involved in the pathophysiology underlying sarcopenia. We investigated the association between sarcopenia and serum long‐chain fatty acid profile in patients with cardiovascular diseases.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 308 cardiovascular patients [age: 72 ± 12 (mean ± SD), 174 male patients] admitted to our hospital. All patients were evaluated by sarcopenia diagnostic tests and serum free fatty acid analyses.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients (25%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Serum fatty acid weight percentages of nervonic acid and erucic acid were elevated in patients with sarcopenia compared with those without. Nervonic acid, which was an independent factor for sarcopenia in binary logistics regression analysis (B = 2.559, p < 0.001), correlated negatively with skeletal muscle index (r = −0.331, p < 0.001), gait speed (r = −0.387, p < 0.001), and handgrip strength (r = −0.372, p < 0.001). These significant relationships were confirmed in subgroup analyses stratified by age and gender. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut‐off of nervonic acid weight percentage for diagnosis of sarcopenia was 1.37% with a sensitivity and specificity of 76.6% and 65.1%, respectively.ConclusionsNervonic acid, an n‐9 monounsaturated fatty acid, might serve as a new marker for sarcopenia in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Further studies with larger patient numbers will be needed to determine the roles of long‐chain fatty acids in sarcopenia.
Analysis of thyroid hormones and sarcopenia: association of creatine kinase and thyroid hormones (thyroid‐stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine): a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hong Ki‐Hong , Linton John A. , Kim Sue , Song Yu‐Hyeon , Shin Hye‐Jung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundKorea is an ‘aged’ society on its way to becoming a ‘super aged’ society. As the population ages, new medical diseases become more prevalent. One such problem is sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, by definition, is skeletal muscle loss. Furthermore, additional studies have also pointed out smooth muscle loss. In this study, we focused on the correlation between thyroid hormones and sarcopenia with a biochemical viewpoint through creatine kinase.MethodsThis study was undertaken using the Shinchon Severance Hospital clinical data repository system. Data were collected from 1 November 2005 to 17 May 2019. These data were from both male and female patients aged 20 years or more, who visited the emergency department, outpatient clinic, or were admitted. Our review consisted of laboratory data, image data, and the physical status of the patients described in words.ResultsHigher levels of creatine kinase were observed in groups with low triiodothyronine (T3), low free thyroxine (fT4), high thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), and presence of dyslipidaemia. Correlation between creatine kinase and T3, fT4, and TSH was consistent after dyslipidaemia confounding factor was removed or adjusted for.ConclusionThere was a consistent negative correlation between creatine kinase and fT4 and T3, both within the normal and abnormal range of thyroid hormone levels. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy with synthetic fT4 has its limitations. More studies are warranted for use of T3 or T3 receptor agonists.
Operational definitions of sarcopenia should consider depressive symptoms
Authors: Pasco Julie A. , Sui Sophia X. , West Emma C. , Holloway‐Kew Kara L. , Hyde Natalie K. , Stuart Amanda L. , Gaston James , Williams Lana J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOriginally, sarcopenia meant ‘poverty of flesh’, but recent operational definitions have brought poor muscle function to the fore. None has considered psychological well‐being. We compared muscle function components of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People Version 2 (EWGSOP2), the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), and the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) algorithms for individuals with and without depressive and anxiety symptoms.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 348 women and 343 men (ages 60–96 years) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores for depression and anxiety ≥8 indicated depressive and anxiety symptoms. Measures included handgrip strength (HGS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG). Chi‐squared test identified inter‐group differences, and multivariable logistic regression identified poor muscle function in association with depressive or anxiety symptoms.ResultsTwenty‐nine (8.3%) women and 28 (8.2%) men had depressive symptoms, and 83 (23.9%) women and 41 (12.0%) men had anxiety symptoms. For women, proportions with low HGS were greater for those with vs. without depressive symptoms according to EWGSOP2 and FNIH (37.9% vs. 10.7%) and SDOC (51.7% vs. 26.7%); low HGS/body mass index (44.8% vs. 15.7%); and slow TUG (12.5% vs. 1.4%) (all P ≤ 0.011). In age‐adjusted models, women with depressive symptoms were two‐fold to five‐fold more likely to have low HGS by EWGSOP2 and FNIH {odds ratio [OR] 4.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–12.45]} and SDOC [OR 2.59 (95% CI 1.10–6.07)], low HGS/body mass index [OR 3.92 (95% CI 1.69–9.07)], and 11‐fold more likely to have a slow TUG [OR 10.99 (95% CI 2.03–59.7)]. For men, a difference for low HGS for those with depressive symptoms was detected only for SDOC (64.3% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.013), but this was explained by age [OR 1.99 (95% CI 0.84–4.71)]. No differences were detected for anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsOperational definitions should consider depressive symptoms, at least in women, at the time of muscle function evaluation.
Progressive resistance exercise prevents muscle strength loss due to muscle atrophy induced by methylmercury systemic intoxication
Authors: Gouvêa André Luiz , Gracindo Silva Marcia , Cabral Bruno , Martinez Camila Guerra , Lauthartte Leidiane Caroline , Rodrigues Bastos Waderley , Kurtenbach Eleonora 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the effects of methylmercury intoxication on mice skeletal muscle subjected or not to progressive resistance training (RT).MethodsFour experimental groups were formed. Control and Con + RT received water and methylmercury (MeHg) and MeHg + RT groups received methylmercury (5 mg/kg/day), via gavage for 14 days. The Con + RT and MeHg + RT animals performed weighted ladder climbing RT, three times a week for 4 weeks. Animal muscle strength and gastrocnemius and soleus cross‐section area, fibrosis, myosin heavy chains (MyHCs), E3‐ligases MAFbx and MuRF1, 20S proteasome (P20S) and LC3‐II content were analysed. In addition, P20S chymotrypsin‐like activity was evaluated.ResultsResistance training protected MeHg + RT mice against strength loss but not against muscle atrophy. The latter appeared to be associated with MyHCs significant content reductions observed in the MeHg and MeHg + RT groups. In soleus muscle, there was an increase in E3‐ligases and P20S levels and P20S activity in both methylmercury groups compared with control ones. This pattern was also observed for gastrocnemius muscle, except for P20S content and activity that decreased. The P‐AKT content decreased in the soleus and gastrocnemius of the MeHg animals while significant elevation of LC3‐II content levels occurred.ConclusionsThe accumulation of methylmercury caused an increase in skeletal muscle MyHCs degradation, resulting in muscle atrophy that was reinforced by the elevated fibrosis area. Although RT did not reverse this condition, maintenance of muscle strength levels in animals submitted to MeHg + RT was detected. We believe that RT somewhat protected MeHg from damage to neural muscle structures, to be further investigated.
First PACS‐integrated artificial intelligence‐based software tool for rapid and fully automatic analysis of body composition from CT in clinical routine
Authors: Beetz Nick Lasse , Maier Christoph , Segger Laura , Shnayien Seyd , Trippel Tobias Daniel , Lindow Norbert , Bousabarah Khaled , Westerhoff Malte , Fehrenbach Uli , Geisel Dominik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo externally evaluate the first picture archiving communications system (PACS)‐integrated artificial intelligence (AI)‐based workflow, trained to automatically detect a predefined computed tomography (CT) slice at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) and automatically perform complete image segmentation for analysis of CT body composition and to compare its performance with that of an established semi‐automatic segmentation tool regarding speed and accuracy of tissue area calculation.MethodsFor fully automatic analysis of body composition with L3 recognition, U‐Nets were trained (Visage) and compared with a conventional image segmentation software (TomoVision). Tissue was differentiated into psoas muscle, skeletal muscle, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Mid‐L3 level images from randomly selected DICOM slice files of 20 CT scans acquired with various imaging protocols were segmented with both methods.ResultsSuccess rate of AI‐based L3 recognition was 100%. Compared with semi‐automatic, fully automatic AI‐based image segmentation yielded relative differences of 0.22% and 0.16% for skeletal muscle, 0.47% and 0.49% for psoas muscle, 0.42% and 0.42% for VAT and 0.18% and 0.18% for SAT. AI‐based fully automatic segmentation was significantly faster than semi‐automatic segmentation (3 ± 0 s vs. 170 ± 40 s, P < 0.001, for User 1 and 152 ± 40 s, P < 0.001, for User 2).ConclusionRapid fully automatic AI‐based, PACS‐integrated assessment of body composition yields identical results without transfer of critical patient data. Additional metabolic information can be inserted into the patient's image report and offered to the referring clinicians.