bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galactic mass-to-light ratios with superfluid dark matter
Authors: Mistele T. , McGaugh S. , Hossenfelder S. 
Published: April 2022

Context. We make rotation curve fits to test the superfluid dark matter model.
Aims. In addition to verifying that the resulting fits match the rotation curve data reasonably well, we aim to evaluate how satisfactory they are with respect to two criteria, namely, how reasonable the resulting stellar mass-to-light ratios are and whether the fits end up in the regime of superfluid dark matter where the model resembles modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND).
Methods. We fitted the superfluid dark matter model to the rotation curves of 169 galaxies in the SPARC sample.
Results. We found that the mass-to-light ratios obtained with superfluid dark matter are generally acceptable in terms of stellar populations. However, the best-fit mass-to-light ratios have an unnatural dependence on the size of the galaxy in that giant galaxies have systematically lower mass-to-light ratios than dwarf galaxies. A second finding is that the superfluid often fits the rotation curves best in the regime where the superfluid’s force cannot resemble that of MOND without adjusting a boundary condition separately for each galaxy. In that case, we can no longer expect superfluid dark matter to reproduce the phenomenologically observed scaling relations that make MOND appealing. If, on the other hand, we consider only solutions whose force approximates MOND well, then the total mass of the superfluid is in tension with gravitational lensing data.
Conclusions. We conclude that even the best fits with superfluid dark matter are still unsatisfactory for two reasons. First, the resulting stellar mass-to-light ratios show an unnatural trend with galaxy size. Second, the fits do not end up in the regime that automatically resembles MOND, and if we force the fits to do so, the total dark matter mass is in tension with strong lensing data.
Uveitisinduktion durch immunonkologische Therapien, speziell Checkpoint-Inhibitoren
Authors: Garweg Justus G. 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Immun-Checkpoint- und BRAF-/MEK-Inhibitoren (ICI) haben eine zentrale Stellung in der Krebstherapie eingenommen, da sie eine erhebliche Lebensverlängerung bei einer guten
Verträglichkeit und Lebensqualität bewirken. Sie sind jedoch mit stoffklassenspezifischen, nicht toxischen immunologischen Nebenwirkungen, darunter auch Entstehung einer Uveitis, behaftet.
In dieser Übersicht soll der aktuelle Kenntnisstand zu Wirkprinzip und systemischen und okulären Nebenwirkungen der ICI dargestellt werden.
Methoden Dieser Übersicht liegt eine Literatursuche in PubMed, der Datenbank des National Institute of Health der USA (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) mit den Stichworten
„uveitis“ AND „drug-induced“ AND/OR „immune checkpoint inhibitor“ zugrunde. Alle relevant erscheinenden Publikationen der letzten 5 Jahre wurden zusammen mit den darin zitierten
Querverweisen ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Ein klassenspezifisches Phänomen der sonst gut verträglichen ICI ist ihre Fähigkeit, eine systemische und okuläre Autoimmunität auszulösen. Diese unterscheidet sich von
toxischen Nebenwirkungen durch ihre Dosisunabhängigkeit. Okuläre Nebenwirkungen treten bei 3% der Patienten auf, wobei ein Melanom als Grunderkrankung und eine Therapie mit Pembrolizumab das
Risiko um ein Mehrfaches erhöhen. Eine frühe Diagnose und systemische Steroidtherapie dieser potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Nebenwirkung erlauben in > 90% die Erhaltung der Sehfunktion und
Lebensqualität, ohne die ICI-Therapie abzusetzen.
Schlussfolgerung Das therapeutische Ansprechen von Malignomen auf ICI bezüglich des Überlebens und der Verträglichkeit, insbesondere bei Melanomen, lässt eine zunehmende Anwendung
von ICI auch in Therapiekombinationen und damit eine Zunahme der immunologischen Komplikationen im klinischen Alltag erwarten. In Anbetracht einer Mortalität von unbehandelt bis zu 3%
infolge immunvermittelter Nebenwirkungen an multiplen Organen ist eine rasche interdisziplinäre Abklärung und rechtzeitige aggressive Behandlung zwingend, führt aber meist auch zu
erfreulichen funktionellen Ergebnissen.
Differences in Mean Values and Variance in Quantitative Analyses of Foveal OCTA Imaging
Authors: Wiest Maximilian Robert Justus , Bajka Anahita , Hamann Timothy , Foa Nastasia , Toro Mario , Barthelmes Daniel , Zweifel Sandrine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose Multiple approaches for quantifying parameters such as vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) en-face
segmentations are currently available. While it is common knowledge that data gathered from different methods should not be directly compared to each other, a comparison of the different
methods can help to further the understanding of differences between different methods of measurement. Here we compare a common method of semiautomatically quantifying VD and VLD with an
automated method supplied by the manufacturer of an OCTA device and report on differences in performance in order to probe for and highlight differences in values gathered by both
methods.
Methods OCTA was performed using the swept source PLEX Elite 9000 device, software version 2.0.1.47652 (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA). Scans of 3 mm × 3 mm from healthy
volunteers centred on the fovea were acquired by a well-trained certified ophthalmologist. Scans with a signal strength of 8 out of 10 or higher were included. Quantitative parameters of the
3 mm × 3 mm cube scans were automatically generated and segmented into superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) layers using layer segmentation produced by the
instrument software and prototype analysis VD quantification software (Macular Density v.0.7.1, ARI Network Hub, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) supplied by the manufacturer. An
alternative approach of quantitative analysis of VD and VLD was performed manually with ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), as previously reported. VD was
assessed as the ratio of the retinal area occupied by vessels. VDL was measured as the total length of the skeletonised vessels using 1-pixel centre line extraction of the blood vessels.
Results We report differences in standard deviation (SD) in OCTA parameters obtained using different methods. The standard deviation of VD and VLD measurements was statistically
significantly different in VD of 3 mm × 3 mm DCP (p = 0.009), VLD of 3 mm × 3 mm SCP (p = 0.000), and VLD of 3 mm × 3 mm DCP (p = 0.021). No statistically significant differences were found
in VD of 3 mm × 3 mm SCP (p = 0.128) or VLD of 3 mm × 3 mm SCP (p = 0.107).
Conclusions As expected, we were able to demonstrate significant differences in quantitative OCTA parameters gathered from the same images using different methods of quantification.
Values gathered using different methods are not interchangeable. In scientific studies and in situations where long-term follow-up is necessary, the same device and the same method of
quantification should be used to maintain retrospective comparability of measurements.
Management of Tricky Lymphoma Cases
Authors: Kitay Alice Miriam , Chaloupka Karla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLymphoma lesions are frequent, but their appearance may differ. We discuss aspects that are not to be overlooked. We present seven cases (aged 40 – 93 years) with unexpected lymphoma
findings, demonstrating a vast variability of history, clinic, and management. A lymphoma can progress over years, either imitating dermatochalasis or rapidly resembling an abscess.
Correlation between clinic, imaging, intraoperative setting, and carefully chosen spot of biopsy are crucial. A simple subconjunctival biopsy may be sufficient in a retrobulbar lesion. We
emphasize that an early biopsy is essential and that its location must be carefully considered. Individual management is based on history and systemic findings.
Frequency of Eye Diseases in Residents of Nursing Homes – 1-Year Results of a Novel Telemedicine Service in Switzerland
Authors: Bachmann Barbara Claudia , Bachofner Marilena , Mickan Sandra , Stojcic Danica , Carnier Kerstin A. , Giamboni Alessia , Neugebauer Zuzana , Lienhard Kenny R. , Bachmann Lucas M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose For the elderly in nursery homes, a visit to the ophthalmologist is a burden, which might lead to undertreatment. We have recently started offering a novel ophthalmological
service combining onsite examination and telemedical interpretation for patients with limited access to ophthalmological care. This study summarises the frequency of findings of treatable
eye diseases after the first year of operation in participants who dropped out from regular ophthalmological control.
Methods Participantsʼ clinical characteristics, frequency of service utilisation, and findings were extracted from the system and analysed.
Results Of 1946 residents approached, 540 (27.7%; 1080 eyes) signed up for the service. A complete examination was possible in 412 persons (813 eyes) and partially possible in the
remaining 128. The mean age of the examined participants mean age was 83.9 years (SD 9.7), and they were predominantly female (69.8%). The majority had a diagnosis of dementia (54.5%) and
20.2% had diabetes mellitus requiring treatment. The median care level (ranging from 0 – 12) was 7 (interquartile range 6 – 9), corresponding to a care need of 121 – 140 min/d. The mean
best-corrected decimal visual acuity was 0.55 (SD 0.24). For 164 eyes (15.2%), the current spectacle correction was insufficient. An untreated cataract was present in 145 eyes (13.4%), 89
eyes (8.2%) were receiving glaucoma treatment, and 7 eyes had a decompensated glaucoma. Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) appeared in 276 eyes (25.6%), 12 eyes (1.1%) had wet AMD,
and 24 eyes (11.0%) among patients with diabetes showed signs of diabetic retinopathy. Other pathologies were uncommon.
Conclusion Residents of nursery homes, who are unable to attend regular ophthalmological control, show various treatable ophthalmological conditions, including cataracts, glaucoma,
and retinal pathologies. Screening with a novel telemedicine service allows for the identification of treatable conditions and careful planning and referral of patients to appropriate
clinics having the necessary infrastructure for this particular population.
Valsalva-Induced Spontaneous Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bijon Jacques , Schalenbourg Ann 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report a rare case of spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage and present a systematic review of the literature using PubMed/Medline databases. Patients that developed a spontaneous
suprachoroidal hemorrhage with a history of previous intraocular surgery were excluded. An 82-year-old male patient with no known ocular pathologies or surgical history was referred with
acute ocular pain and decreased vision in the right eye (BCVA: 0.6 with hyperopic correction) following a Valsalva maneuver. General history included chronic heart failure and coronary
artery disease, treated with anticoagulant and antihypertensive drugs. Dilated fundus examination revealed a posterior red-brown choroidal mass, with a thickness of 1.5 mm on B-scan
ultrasonography. The lesion was not visible on fluorescein or indocyanine green angiography and was located under the choroid on B-scan optical coherence tomography. The diagnosis of a
spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage was evoked, and the patient was observed. Five months later, BCVA was 1.0 uncorrected, with a normal-appearing fundus. In a literature review, eight
cases of spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage following an episode of increased intrathoracic pressure were identified, including our patient. M/F ratio was 1 : 1, with a median age of 66.5
years. All cases presented systemic pathologies. All cases presented with a unilateral suprachoroidal hemorrhage. Only 2/8 patients had ocular comorbidities. Complications requiring
treatment were noted in 4/8 cases, including 2 cases that resulted in the loss of the vision following an acute angle-closure glaucoma. Spontaneous resolution of the hemorrhage was observed
in the other 4 patients. In 6/8 cases, vision recovered over a mean period of 10 weeks. In conclusion, spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage following a Valsalva maneuver in eyes with no
history of ocular surgery or trauma is rare, and has been associated with advanced age, cardiovascular disease and asthma. In severe cases (2/8) the eye was lost, while most cases (6/8)
recovered, presenting a good visual outcome.
Two Surgical Approaches for Intraocular Lens Dislocation: Pars Plana Vitrectomy Versus Core Vitrectomy with Lens Exchange
Authors: Schuknecht Angelika , Wachtl Josephine , Fleischhauer Johannes , Kniestedt Christoph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of core vitrectomy and pars plana vitrectomy for lens exchange in patients with intraocular lens dislocation.
Methods This is a retrospective study conducted at one eye center in Zurich, Switzerland. We reviewed 124 eyes with dislocated intraocular lens undergoing lens exchange carried out
by two surgeons between 03/2016 and 12/2019 (45 months). Intraocular pressure (IOP) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were analyzed preoperatively and at 5 time points up to 12 months
after lens exchange. Data on postoperative complications were collected.
Results There were 124 eyes with intraocular lens dislocation that were referred for lens exchange. Of these eyes, 59 (48%) received core vitrectomy and 65 (52%) received pars plana
vitrectomy with lens exchange. Glaucoma was more frequent in the core vitrectomy group (78%) than in the pars plana vitrectomy group (32%; p < 0.001). In the core vitrectomy group, 19
(32%) eyes presented with visual impairment, 17 (29%) eyes presented with high IOP alone, and 23 (39%) eyes presented with both at the same time prior to surgery. Mean preoperative IOP in
the core vitrectomy group decreased from 22.4 ± 9.2 mmHg to 14.7 ± 3.1 mmHg 12 months after surgery (p < 0.001). Mean BCVA changed from 0.40 ± 0.41 logMAR preoperatively to
0.32 ± 0.37 logMAR at 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.598) in the core vitrectomy group. In the pars plana vitrectomy group, 44 (68%) eyes presented with a change in vision, 7 (11%) eyes
presented with high IOP alone, and 14 (22%) eyes presented with pressure elevation and visual impairment at the visit prior to surgery. Mean preoperative IOP in the pars plana vitrectomy
group decreased from 20.9 ± 8.3 mmHg to 15.1 ± 3.5 mmHg at 12 months after lens exchange (p < 0.001). Mean BCVA in the pars plana vitrectomy group was 0.57 ± 0.62 logMAR preoperatively
and 0.22 ± 0.35 logMAR 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). Postoperative pressure decompensation occurred more frequently in the core vitrectomy group (20%) than in the pars plana
vitrectomy group (6%; p = 0.018). There was no statistically significant difference for postoperative cystoid macular edema (p = 0.055), anisometropia (p = 0.986), and high astigmatism
(p = 0.362).
Conclusion Core vitrectomy and pars plana vitrectomy with lens exchange are equally efficient and safe in the management of intraocular lens dislocation.
Emergency Vitrectomies for Retinal Detachment Before and During the Coronavirus Pandemic – A Retrospective Single Centre Analysis
Authors: Eppenberger Leila Sara , Golla Kathrin , Schmid Martin K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background While the corona pandemic and the resulting containment measures affect the number of elective surgical procedures, the impact on emergency surgical interventions is less
tangible. This analysis quantifies the frequency of emergency vitrectomies for retinal detachment and investigates underlying factors.
Methods Retrospective identification of patients who underwent primary emergency vitrectomies for retinal detachment at the Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne between
01.01.2018 – 31.12.2020. Parameters were collected, including demographics, date of hospitalisation, reported onset of symptoms, pre-operative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),
involvement of the macula, and canton of residence.
Results Overall, a total of 665 patients with 683 eyes underwent emergency surgery for primary retinal detachment in the time span of 01.01.2018 – 31.12.2020. Median monthly number
of surgeries was 20. During the first Swiss national lockdown (16.03.2020 – 19.04.2020), a minimum of 9 vitrectomies was recorded in March 2020. A maximum of 36 vitrectomies was conducted in
August 2020. The mean age of patients was 61.5 years. Of the 665 patients, 133 (20.0%) were residents of the canton of Ticino. Median pre-operative BCVA was 0.25 over all three years, and no
significant reduction in pre-operative BCVA was observed during or after the lockdown. The proportion of eyes with involvement of the macula was 52.2%. In 2018, this proportion (47.6%) was
significantly lower than in 2019 and 2020 (Chi2 test, p < 0.001). However, cases with macular involvement in post lockdown months were not more frequent. Median time in days
from reported symptom onset to hospitalisation was 5 days. In April 2020, the proportion of patients with > 14 days symptom duration was significantly higher (Chi2 test,
p < 0.001). During the lockdown, there was a significant reduction in cases from Ticino. Also, patients from Ticino showed proportionally longer symptom duration after the lockdown.
Conclusion A significant reduction in the number of emergency vitrectomies was observed for the initial period of the coronavirus pandemic. Delayed emergency presentation is not
assumed, since there was no increase in severity (i.e. macular involvement) or prolonged symptoms in the months following the lockdown. More protracted symptoms were only observed in
patients from Ticino. The initial low numbers were generally made good later in the year.
Pregnancy after Combined Oral Contraceptive-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: An International Retrospective Study of Outcomes
Authors: Gris Jean-Christophe , Bourguignon Chloé , Bouvier Sylvie , Nouvellon Eva , Laurent Jeremy , Perez-Martin Antonia , Mousty Eve , Nikolaeva Mariya , Khizroeva Jamilya , Bitsadze Victoria , Makatsariya Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Few data are available on thrombotic outcomes during pregnancy and puerperium occurring after an initial provoked venous thromboembolic (VTE) event.
Objectives To describe thrombotic outcomes during pregnancy after a first combined oral contraceptive (COC)-associated VTE and the factors associated with recurrence.
Methods This was an international multicentric retrospective study on patients referred for thrombophilia screening from January 1, 2010 to January 1, 2021 following a first COC-associated VTE, including women with neither inherited thrombophilia nor antiphospholipid antibodies and focusing on those who had a subsequent pregnancy under the same thromboprophylaxis treatment. Thrombotic recurrences during pregnancy and puerperium as well as risk factors for recurrence were analyzed.
Results We included 2,145 pregnant women. A total of 88 thrombotic events, 58 antenatal and 29 postnatal, occurred, mostly during the first trimester of pregnancy and the first 2 weeks of puerperium. Incidence rates were 49.6 (37–62) per 1,000 patient-years during pregnancy and 118.7 (78–159) per 1,000 patient-years during puerperium. Focusing on pulmonary embolism, incidence rates were 1.68 (1–4) per 1,000 patient-years during pregnancy and 65.5 (35–97) per 1,000 patient-years during puerperium.Risk factors for antenatal recurrences were maternal hypercholesterolemia and birth of a very small-for-gestational-age neonate. A risk factor for postnatal recurrence was the incidence of preeclampsia.
Conclusion Our multicentric retrospective data show significant rates of VTE recurrence during pregnancy and puerperium in women with a previous VTE event associated with COC, despite a unique low-molecular-weight heparin-based thromboprophylaxis. These results may provide benchmarks and valuable information for designing future randomized controlled trials.
Role of Asleep Surgery for Supplementary Motor Area Tumors
Authors: Kumar G Krishna , Chigurupalli Chandrasekhar , Balasubramaniam Anandh , Rajesh B. J. , Manohar Nitin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in planning of voluntary motor activities. Tumors in SMA usually present with seizures and, rarely, motor deficits. Postoperatively, these patients may develop SMA syndrome. Patients with SMA tumors usually undergo awake craniotomy along with neuromonitoring for maximal safe resection, and some of these patients tend to have residual tumor.
Objective To completely excise the SMA region tumors under general anesthesia without causing any permanent neurological deficits.
Methods We operated upon four patients with SMA region tumor under general anesthesia (GA) with direct electrocortical stimulation (DES). Motor-evoked potential was used to monitor corticospinal tracts through corkscrew or strip electrodes. Intraoperative MRI was done to assess the tumor excision.
Results All four patients had complete resection of tumor and, postoperatively, all four developed SMA syndrome. All of them recovered completely over a period of time.
Conclusion SMA tumors can be excised completely under GA with DES, thereby increasing progression-free survival.
Surgical Clipping of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: Experience of a Tertiary Centre in Western India
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Agrawal Manish , Sharma Vinod , Purohit D.K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Surgical clipping has been a gold standard procedure for management of intracranial aneurysms. Outcome studies of surgical clipping at institutional level are important to identify modifiable factors and further improve the results. These are even more important in areas where resources are limited, and patient presents late due to ignorance and lack of education. This study is a review of our institutional experience in microsurgical clipping of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Methods A retrospective study of patients who underwent surgical clipping for ruptured intracranial aneurysms from January 2014 to February 2020. The medical records of patients were reviewed for demographic data, clinical presentation, radiological investigations, surgery performed and neurological outcome. Outcome at discharge and outcome at follow-up were measured by modified Rankin scale (mRS).
Results In this study of 289 patients, 194 patients (67.13%) had good outcome at discharge (mRS0–2), while 95 patients (32.87%) had poor outcome at discharge (mRS 3–6) and 50 patients (17.30%) expired during hospital stay. Out of 289 patients, 208 patients (71.97%) were admitted after more than 3 days of ictus. Significant factors affecting outcome were neurological status determined by Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade or Hunt and Hess Grade, time interval from onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage to admission, and time interval from admission to surgery.
Conclusion The present study identifies factors for improving outcome in patients of ruptured aneurysm at institutional and community level. Time from ictus to admission and admission to surgery are important modifiable factors in our study.