bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of L-Tryptophan with Selected Important Ions in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Begum Ulfat , Muhammad Riaz , Saadiq Muhammad , Idrees Muhammad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Effect of selected ions (Fe3+, Au3+, Al3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Hg2+, Ca2+ and CN-) on fluorescence behavior of L-tryptophan was studied in aqueous solution. All the cations suppressed the fluorescence of L-tryptophan except CN- which caused an increase in the fluorescence of L-tryptophan. Fluorescence suppression were explained by the equation of Stern-Volmer which produced constants of Stern-Volmer (). and sensitivity was observed in the order Hg2+ > Au3+ > Fe3+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Ca2+ > Al3+ > Mg2+. Detection and quantification threshold were calculated as 3 (S.D3) and 10 times of the standard deviation (10S.D) of the blank for twelve number of readings. was found between 6.8631104 and 0.1883104 M. Detection threshold (DT) was observed between 2.8710-7 – 6.38 10-6 while quantification threshold (QT) was observed between 9.58 10-7 and 2.13 10-5 mol L-1. In case of CN- a linear association between the enhancement in fluorescence intensity of L-tryptophan and CN- concentration was found between 0.00 -1.0x10-3 M. DT and QT were found in the order 2.710-5 and 9.0210-5 M respectively. The method is reproducible both for cations and anion and useful for their determination in the samples of the environment.
Lifesaving Skills Training in Schools – A Qualitative study to explore students, teachers, and parent's perceived opportunities and challenges
Authors: Shaukat Natasha , Ali Daniyal Mansoor , Jaffer Mehtab , Jarrar Zeerak , Ashraf Naela , Hassan Sheza , Daudpota Ali Azim , Qadir Muskaan Abdul , Khowaja Aly Hamza , Razzak Junaid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study is to explore the perception of teachers, parents and students’ regarding implementation of a school-based lifesaving skills program and help predict potential barriers and solutions.
Methods
This qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2020- to October 2021. We included students, teachers, and parents of secondary (grades VIII, IX, and X) and higher secondary level students (grades XI and XII) in Karachi, Pakistan's public and private schools and colleges. We selected one public, two semi-private, and two private schools. We recruited students, teachers, and parents through convenience sampling. We conducted fifteen focus group discussions (FGDs) with the students, six FGDs with the teachers, and eighteen in-depth interviews (IDIs) with parents. We transcribed the data from audio recordings and translated it into the English language. Finally, we manually analyzed the data using thematic analyses.
Results
This study found that bystanders' main barriers to performing lifesaving skills are lack of knowledge, fear of legal involvement, fear of hurting the patient by incorrect technique, lack of empathy among community stakeholders, and gender bias. The participants had a positive and supportive attitude toward implementing lifesaving skills training in schools. They suggested starting student training in the early teenage years, preferred medical staff as trainers, and suggested frequent small sessions in English/Urdu both or Urdu language and training via theory and practical hands-on drills. Furthermore, it was proposed that the training be integrated into the school curriculum to make it sustainable. Finally, the government needs to support the program and make the legal environment more conducive for the bystanders.
Conclusion
This study identified the significant barriers to performing lifesaving skills in an emergency in a low- and middle-income country (lmic). The participants showed support for implementing a national lifesaving skills program in schools and colleges. However, the participants expressed that support is needed by the government for sustainability, integrating the lifesaving skills into the school curriculum, providing legal support to the bystanders, and creating awareness among the general public.
Single Cell Genetic Analysis of COVID-19: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Schonfeld Elan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 was declared by the World Health Organization in 2020 to be a pandemic. Analysis of COVID-19 related genetic pathways allows for a better understanding of the possible effects and sequelae of the disease. Using 6178 scRNA sequenced human cells, having a status of control/mild/severe COVID-19 disease status, differential expression of genes and pathways was analyzed. Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), mild COVID-19 was found to over-express the Influenza Pathway. In order to identify genes important in COVID-19 severity, a deep learning classifier was trained. Classifiers were repeatedly trained for this task using 10 randomly selected genes from the total number of 18,958 genes. The highest performing classifier (AUC = 0.748) was trained using: AC008626.1, SGO1, RHOBTB2, RBM41, NDUFAF4P1, COX5A, ZDHHC17, STX11, IPP, NUDT5 genes. These results further illustrate the other factors contributing to mild versus severe COVID-19, as well as evidence of potential misdiagnosis or overlapping pathway effects of Influenza and COVID-19.
Additional value of Mini-Cog© in urogeriatric patients concurrently screened by G8 scores
Authors: Bouzan Jobar , Willschrei Peter , Horstmann Marcus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment is poorly addressed in G8 screening. Aim of the presents study was to evaluate the additional value of Mini-Cog© in urogeriatric patients concurrently screened by G8 scores.
Methods: 74 consecutive urogeriatric patients at the age of 75 and above were evaluated. All underwent G8 and Mini-Cog© screening. Patients with a G8 score above 14 were considered geriatric “healthy or fit”. A Mini-Cog© of four to five points was considered inconspicuous in screening for cognitive impairment. The additional information of a Mini-Cog© screening during G8 screening was evaluated by looking at G8 “fit and healthy” patients who had conspicuous Mini-Cog© tests and vice versa. Additionally, the results of the neuropsychological subitem “E” of the G8 score were compared with the results of Mini-Cog© screening.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 83 y (min. 75 – max. 102). 61 of the patients were males and 13 females. 29 of the patients had a normal G8 score and were considered “healthy or fit” and 45 not. 43 of the patients had an inconspicuous and 31 a conspicuous Mini-Cog© of less than four points. The majority of G8 “healthy or fit” patients (n=24/29) had an inconspicuous Mini-Cog© test. However, of them 5 patients had a Mini-Cog© of less than four points suspicious for cognitive disorders. Furthermore, of the 43 patients with a normal G8 sub score in item “E” of two points, 6 patients had a conspicuous Mini-Cog© of less than four points.
Conclusion:
As shown by the present study, the Mini-Cog© helpfully extends the G8 screening with regard to the detection of cognitive functional impairments that are not detected by the G8 screening alone. It can be easily added to G8 screening.
Value of Information analysis for pandemic response: intensive care unit preparedness at the onset of COVID-19
Authors: Eze Peter , Geard Nicholas , Baker Christopher M. , Campbell Patricia T. , Chades Iadine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was considerable uncertainty surrounding epidemiological and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2. Governments around the world, starting from varying levels of pandemic preparedness, needed to make decisions about how to respond to SARS-CoV-2 with only limited information about transmission rates, disease severity and the likely effectiveness of public health interventions. In the face of such uncertainties, formal approaches to quantifying the value of information can help decision makers to prioritise research efforts.
Methods: In this study we use Value of Information (VoI) analysis to quantify the likely benefit associated with reducing three key uncertainties present in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: the basic reproduction number (R0), case severity (CS ), and the relative infectiousness of children (CI) compared to adults. The specific decision problem we consider is the optimal level of investment in intensive care unit (ICU) beds. Our analysis incorporates mathematical models of disease transmission and clinical pathways in order to estimate ICU demand and disease outcomes across a range of scenarios.
Results: We found that VoI analysis enabled us to estimate the relative benefit of resolving different uncertainties about epidemiological and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2. Given the initial beliefs of an expert, obtaining more information about case severity had the highest parameter value of information, followed by the basic reproduction number R0. Resolving uncertainty about the relative infectiousness of children did not affect the decision about the number of ICU beds to be purchased for any COVID-19 outbreak scenarios defined by these three parameters.
Conclusion: For the scenarios where the value of information was high enough to justify monitoring, if CS and R0 are known, management actions will not change when we learn about child infectiousness. VoI is an important tool for understanding the importance of each disease factor during outbreak preparedness and can help to prioritise the allocation of resources for relevant information.
Apprehension of Spurious Information - A Hybrid Architecture to Detect COVID Fake News
Authors: Mahalakshmi G S , Srih S , Shakthiprarthana V , Sendhilkumar S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Propagation of false information has an enduring effect on the economy and can lead to political tensions. In order to counterattack this unexpected repercussion, a system has to be modelled to distinguish the hoax from the real. This paper proposes a deep learning based hybrid model that can determine if the news is veracious. The performance of the model is tested on four datasets including COVID fake news to ensure that it is able to generalise across different domains and achieve best results. Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units emerges to be the ideal decoder to work along with the Convolutional Neural Network in this hybrid architecture while the words being represented using the glove.6B.50D embeddings provided to be the best representation when juxtaposed with Word2Vec, BERT Embeddings, glove.6B.100D and keras embedding layer. Experiments on the datasets show promising results with an overall accuracy of 80.17% on Disaster Tweets, 99% on ISOT dataset, 59.86% on LIAR and 90.05% on COVID Fake News dataset.
Frozen sections in decision-making regarding the axillary procedures in breast conserving surgery for intraductal carcinoma at preoperative diagnosis
Authors: Kim Sanghwa , Lee Kwanbum , Alshahrani Mushabab Ali , Ahn Jee Hyun , Lee Jeea , Park Hyung Seok 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Axillary evaluation is unnecessary for pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); however, it is performed because of upstaging risks. Purpose of this study is to decrease the upstaging rate to invasive cancer and unnecessary axillary evaluation in patients with preoperative DCIS.
Methods
We reviewed patients with preoperative DCIS who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with IOF biopsy. Positive Intra-operative frozen section (IOF) biopsy findings were defined as the presence of invasive or micro-invasive cancer. The IOF biopsy and permanent pathology findings were compared.
Result
Seventy-eight patients underwent BCS with IOF biopsy. Six patients showed positive IOF biopsy findings; five of these patients showed concordant permanent pathology findings. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was positive in one patient. Thirteen patients with invasive breast cancer were not diagnosed with IOF biopsy; they underwent SLNB during the second surgery. None of them had metastatic lymph nodes. The sensitivity and specificity of IOF biopsy were 27.7% and 98.3%, respectively, with 82.1% accuracy. None of the other factors showed statistically significant relationships with the permanent pathology findings, except for the IOF biopsy findings.
Conclusion
IOF evaluation can aid in detecting the invasiveness of tumors in patients with preoperative DCIS.
Association between neonatal uterine bleeding and endometriosis-related symptoms later in life
Authors: Ogawa Kanae , Khan Khaleque N , Kuroboshi Haruo , Koshiba Akemi , Horiguchi Go , Teramukai Satoshi , Fujishita Akira , Itoh Kyoko , Guo Sun-Wei , Kitawaki Jo , Mori Taisuke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neonatal uterine bleeding (NUB) has been postulated to cause early-onset endometriosis, but so far there has been no information on whether young women with a history of NUB may manifest various symptoms related to endometriosis. In this retrospective case-controlled cohort study, we investigated the prevalence and risk factors of NUB and prospectively evaluated endometriosis-related symptoms by web-based questionnaire survey. Among 807 female babies born at our hospital between 2013 and 2017, NUB occurred in 25 cases with a prevalence of 3.1%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age of the mother [odds ratio (OR) 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.00, P = 0.048] and longer gestational age of 39 weeks (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.43–6.45, P = 0.004) and ≥ 40 weeks (OR 4.54, 95% CI 2.20–9.39, P < 0.0001) of gestation were significantly associated with the occurrence of NUB. We confirmed the validity of the reported prevalence and risk factors of NUB. Young mothers and longer gestational age are the risk factors for NUB and newborn females with or without NUB similarly suffer from various endometriosis-related symptoms later in life during adulthood. Future prospective cross-sectional study is warranted to confirm the endometriosis-related symptoms in NUB + and NUB- cases by physical examination, ultrasound and/or MRI.
Investigating Long-term Prognostication of CT-based Radiomics for Subgroup of High-risk Localized Prostate Cancer Patients Treated by Whole-pelvic Radiotherapy
Authors: Leung Wan Shun , Lam Sai Kit , Wong Po Tsz , Ng Ka Yan , Tam Cheuk Hong , Lee Tsz Ching , Chow Kin Chun , Chow Yan Kate , Tam Victor CW , Lee Shara WY , Lim Mei Ying , Wu Q Jackie , Cai Jing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate capability of planning computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics for prediction of long-term prognostication, for the first time, in subgroup of high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated by whole-pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT).
Methods
A total of 64 high-risk localized PCa patients [training cohort (n=45) and validation cohort (n=19)] were enrolled. The planning CT and clinical data were collected. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) was used for model training in conjunction with 3-fold cross validation. The predictive performance of the model was assessed using the Area-under-the-curve (AUC) values generated from receiver operating characteristic analysis. The resultant radiomics signature was used for calculation of radiomics score (Rad-score) for every patients. A cut-off of the Rad-score was suggested for classification of the risk of having progression within 6 years, based on the evaluation of model accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Results
The model incorporated 2 features: the run entropy of gray level run length matrix after Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filtering with a sigma value of 2 mm (RE-GLRLMσ2mm); and the small area emphasis of gray level size zone matrix after LoG filtering with a sigma value of 4.5 mm (SAE-GLSZMσ4.5mm). AUC values of the training and testing cohorts were 0.76 and 0.71, respectively. With the cut-off as the third-quartile value for stratification into high-risk and low-risk group, the respective accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the radiomics signature were 77.8%, 83.3% and 55.6% in the training cohort and 84.2%, 86.7% and 75% in the testing cohort.
Conclusions
Radiomics signature based on pre-treatment planning CT images can be used as a potential biomarker for differentiating the risk of 6-year disease progression in high-risk localized PCa patients treated with WPRT. Further development is warranted that may help to support clinical decisions about follow-up and treatment options in this subgroup of patients.
Identification of novel immune related transcriptional regulatory network in sarcopenia
Authors: Zhang Xianzhong , Zhu Guanglou , Zhang Fengmin , Yu Dingye , Jia Xuyang , Ma Bingwei , Chen Weizhe , Cai Xinyu , Mao Lingzhou , Zhuang Chengle , Yu Zhen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in elderly and has a significant adverse effect on their physical health and quality of life, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Studies have indicated that transcription factors (TFs) and immune microenvironment played a vital role in skeletal muscle atrophy.
Methods: RNA-seq data of 40 muscle samples were downloaded from GEO database. Then differential expressed genes (DEGs), TFs, pathways, and immune gene sets were identified with edgeR package, Cistrome Database, GO, KEGG, ORA, GSVA, and ssGAES, respectively. In silico regulatory network was built by Cytoscape and the potential medicine was screened by Connectivity Map. Finally, regulatory mechanisms and RNA expression of DEGs and TFs were identified by multiple online databases and RT-qPCR.
Results: We primary screened 808 DEGs (log2 fold change (FC) > 1or < −1, p < 0.05), 4 differential expressed transcription factors (DETFs) (log2FC > 0.7 or < −0.7, p < 0.05), 304 differential expressed pathways (DEPs) (enrichment scores (ES) > 1or < −1, p < 0.05 or), and 1208 differential expressed immune genes sets (p < 0.01). Based on the results of Pearson correlation analysis (Correlation coefficient (CC) > 0.4 or < -0.4, p < 0.01), we then structured immune related network with 4 DETFs, 9 key DEGs, 11 DEPs, 5 immune cells and 1 immune reaction. Combining the results of online databases and vitro experiments, we found that PAX5-SERPINA5-PI3K/Akt (CC≤0.444, p≤ 0.004) was a potential transcriptional regulation axis, and the B cells (R = 0.437, p = 0.005) may play a vital role in this signal transduction. Finally, the compound of Tanespimycin (enrichment = -0.403, p < 0.0001) might be a potential medicine for sarcopenia based on mechanism of actions database and the result of literature review.
Conclusions: We firstly identified immune related transcriptional regulatory network with High-throughput RNA-seq data in sarcopenia. We supposed that PAX5-SERPIAN5-PI3K/Akt axis was a potential mechanism in sarcopenia, and the B cells may play a vital role in this signal transduction. Besides, Tanespimycin is a potential medicine for sarcopenia by targeting Akt degradation.
Aqueous habitats and carbon inputs shape the microscale geography and interaction ranges of soil bacteria
Authors: Bickel Samuel , Or Dani 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Earth’s diverse soil microbiomes host bacteria within dynamic and highly fragmented aqueous habitats that occupy complex pore spaces and often restrict the spatial range of ecological interactions. Notwithstanding recent advances in resolving global drivers of soil bacterial biogeography, the spatial distribution of bacterial communities within soil volumes remains largely unknown. Here, we propose a framework for representing submillimeter-scale distributions of soil bacteria based on physical constraints supported by individual-based model results and direct observations. The spatial distribution of bacterial cell clusters modulates various metabolic interactions and soil microbiome functioning. For dry soils with prohibitively long diffusion times, interactions are highly localized among sparse communities. Frequently wet soils promote long-range trophic interactions between dense cell clusters through aqueous pathways. Biomes with high carbon inputs support large and dense cell clusters where anoxic microsites form even in aerated soils. Micro-geographic considerations of yet unobservable processes can improve interpretation of data from bulk soil samples.
The health and economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Belgium from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Gorasso Vanessa , Heyden Johan Van der , De Pauw Robby , Pelgrims Ingrid , De Clercq Eva , De Ridder Karin , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Vansteelandt Stijn , Vaes Bert , De Smedt Delphine , Devleesschauwer Brecht 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction

Low back pain (LBP), neck pain (NKP), osteoarthritis (OST) and rheumatoid arthritis (RHE) are among the most disabling musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders. The current study aims to analyse the health and economic impact of these MSK disorders in Belgium, providing a summary of morbidity and mortality outcomes from 2013 to 2018, as well as direct and indirect costs from 2013 to 2017.

Methods

The health burden of LBP, NKP, OST and RHE in Belgium from 2013 to 2018 was summarized in terms of prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) using data from the Belgian health interview surveys (BHIS), the INTEGO database (Belgian registration network for general practitioners) and the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study 2019. The economic burden included estimation of direct medical costs and indirect costs, measured by cost of work absenteeism. For this purpose, data of the respondents to the BHIS-2013 was linked with the national health insurance data (intermutualistic agency [IMA] database) 2013–2017.

Results

In 2018, 2.5 million Belgians were affected by at least one MSK disorder. OST represented the disorder with the highest number of cases for both men and women, followed by LBP. In the same year, MSK disorders contributed to a total of 180,746 DALY for female and 116,063 DALY for men. LBP appeared to be the largest contributor to the health burden of MSK. Having at least one MSK disorder costed on average 3 billion € in medical expenses and 2 billion € in indirect costs per year, with LBP being the most costly.

Conclusion

MSK disorders represent a major health and economic burden in Belgium. As their burden will probably continue to increase in the future, acting on the risk factors associated to these disorders is crucial to mitigate both the health and economic burden.