bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Abdelghani Mohamed Salah , Sardar Sundus , Hamada Abdelhaleem Shawky 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease in developed countries and most prevalent in the elderly. According to the current guidelines, intervention is recommended in symptomatic severe AS; however, in asymptomatic patients, aortic valve replacement (AVR) is considered when symptoms appear or the left ventricular dysfunction occurs, but the evidence supports these indications are poor. The optimal timing and modality of intervention in asymptomatic severe AS (ASAS) remain controversial. Earlier AVR in certain scenarios has been increasingly supported by some groups before subclinical irreversible myocardial damage occurs. In addition, the continuous advancement of percutaneous and surgical approaches where associated with a substantial decrease in mortality and perioperative complications which made many authors advocate for early intervention in those patients. Our review highlights the contemporary evaluation and management of ASAS and summarizes the current scientific evidence regarding optimal timing for intervention and indications for early AVR in such patients.
Stress Echocardiogram in Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Abusweireh Asad I. I. , Alzaeem Hakam Abdallah 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most common adult valve diseases. Therefore, current guidelines recommend prompt aortic valve intervention once symptoms occur. However, AS is predominantly a disease of the elderly, and these people may be underreporting their symptoms, have other comorbidities, or have a low level of exertion at the baseline or they might make a subconscious adjustment of their activities. Hence, stress testing can be a vital and objective tool to uncover their symptoms and prognosticate.
Functional (Psychogenic) Seizures are Associated with Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Asadi-Pooya Ali A. , Farazdaghi Mohsen 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
We investigated medical comorbidities in patients with functional seizures (FS) and those with epilepsy (idiopathic generalized epilepsies [IGEs] or temporal lobe epilepsy [TLE]). We hypothesized that the nature of medical comorbidities differs between these three groups. This might be helpful to postulate on the pathophysiology of FS.

Materials and Methods:
In a retrospective study, all adult patients with a diagnosis of IGE, TLE, or FS were recruited at the outpatient epilepsy clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from 2008 until 2020. The three groups of patients were matched with regard to their age. Age, sex, and medical comorbidities were registered routinely for all patients at the time of the first visit.

Results:
Nine hundred and sixty-six patients were studied (254 patients with IGE, 467 persons with TLE, and 245 individuals with FS). The groups differed significantly with regard to having medical comorbidities. The most striking difference was comorbid thyroid disorders; this was more common among patients with FS. The diagnosis of FS was independently significantly associated with thyroid disorder comorbidity (odds ratio: 2.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–7.23; P = 0.038).

Conclusion:
Thyroid disorders are significantly associated with FS. We can make the following suggestions to advance the field: a. It is necessary to reproduce this observation in larger multicenter studies; b. We recommend to evaluate thyroid function in all patients with FS; c. It might be helpful to design clinical trials to investigate whether correction of any clinical or subclinical thyroid disorders changes the treatment outcome in patients with FS.
Comparison of recovery times by using bispectral index monitoring versus end-tidal agent concentration monitoring in patients undergoing inhalational general anaesthesia
Authors: Chaudhuri Shalini , Banerjee Sandipan , Chattopadhyay Uddalak , Hussain Syed S. 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:
End-tidal anaesthetic gas concentration (ETAG) and bispectral index (BIS) are both used to monitor depth of anaesthesia. Maintaining an accurate depth of anaesthesia helps in early post-operative recovery. This study compared the recovery times from sevoflurane–nitrous oxide anaesthesia using ETAG monitoring with BIS monitoring.

Methods:
Four hundred and two patients undergoing elective surgeries under sevoflurane- nitrous oxide anaesthesia were enroled in this double blinded parallel group prospective randomised trial and allocated into two groups. The depth of anaesthesia was monitored using BIS in BIS group (n = 202) and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (EtSevo) in ETAG group (n = 200). The time to extubation and recovery were compared between the groups. Parametric, non-parametric and categorical variables were compared using Student’s ‘t’ test, Wilcoxon’s rank sum test and Chi-square test, respectively.

Results:
Time to extubation (min) [BIS group – 10, 5; ETAG group – 10, 5 (median, inter-quartile range, IQR), P = 0.32] and time to recovery (min) [BIS group – 14, 6; ETAG group – 13.5, 7 (median, IQR), P = 0.34] did not differ significantly between the two groups. The EtSevo concentration (vol%) was significantly higher in the BIS group at 5 min [BIS group – 1.2, 0.4; ETAG group – 1.0, 0.4 (median, IQR), P < 0.001], 30 min [BIS group – 1.1, 0.4; ETAG group – 1.0, 0.3 (median, IQR), P = 0.002] and 120 min [BIS group – 1.11 ± 0.28; ETAG group – 0.96 ± 0.27 (mean ± standard deviation), P = 0.014] after induction of anaesthesia.

Conclusions:
BIS and ETAG monitoring are associated with comparable recovery profiles. ETAG monitoring is associated with significantly less sevoflurane consumption.
Satisfaction among COVID-19 Positive Patients
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Soni Deepali , Dubey Priyanka , Sharma Richa , Bharti Aditi , Singh Tej Pratap 
Published: May 2022

Background:
In the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to assess the quality of care that is being provided to COVID-19 positive patients as the health-care quality plays a crucial role in winning over any health crisis.

Objective:
This study aims to assess satisfaction among COVID-19 positive patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:
A retrospective cross-sectional study was done on COVID-19 positive patients admitted in a tertiary hospital of central India. Sample size was calculated by using the following formula: n = Z
2
pq/d
2, which came out to be 113. Simple random sampling was done to select the patients. A quantitative structured interview schedule was used to collect data.

Results:
Majority of the respondents were satisfied with the available amenities, clinical care, and behavior of health-care providers except services regarding linen, toilet, and doctors' explanation of illness and treatment. Overall impression of the visit was excellent to good according to 84% of the respondents. On inquiring the likelihood of recommending this hospital to others, 91.3% of the respondents gave a positive reply.

Conclusion:
Improvement is needed in linen and toilet facilities. Patients should be counseled via telephones regarding their illness and treatment if this is not possible face to face as the treating physicians are in personal protective equipment kits and it is quite difficult to interact while wearing these kits. Patient satisfaction surveys should be institutionalized periodically.
Impact on Mental Health among Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Bharti Aditi , Singh Tej Pratap , Sharma Richa , Soni Deepali , Dubey Priyanka 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study is to assess mental health status and the severity of the depression in patients of COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Jabalpur district.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period from April to June 2020 at the NSCB Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur.

Methodology:
Out of 150 participants, 135 participants responded whereas 15 patients did not respond as some of them did not answer the calls and remaining did not give their consent. Participants included confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted at a tertiary care hospital, aged 18 years and above. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to determine depression and was completed through telephonic platform survey.

Statistical Analysis Used:
SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. P <0.05 and <0.001 with 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Among 135 participants, overall depression was found to be 50.4%, out of which, 29.6% were in mild depression, 8.9% were in moderate depression and 11.8% were in moderately severe to severe depression. Females had approximately four times higher risk for depressive symptoms (P <0.001), and for an age group, more than 45 was found to be significantly associated with depression.

Conclusion:
The present study suggested that about 50% of the people experienced depression. The significant factors found may reveal that more attention should be given to the mental health of the patients with COVID-19, imperatively with psychological care in the treatment protocol to subdue the effects of the pandemic.
Dermoscopy in Vitiligo
Authors: Awal Guneet , Kaur Jasleen , Kaur Komalpreet 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigmentary disorder characterized by loss of epidermal melanocytes. It can be diagnosed clinically, however, dermoscopy aids in its differentiation from other hypopigmentary and depigmentary conditions and also helps in evaluating disease activity. Aims: To study the dermoscopic patterns of vitiligo and evaluate their correlation with disease activity.

Settings and Design:
This is a cross-sectional and observational study conducted in the outpatient department of dermatology of a tertiary care hospital at Sri Amritsar.

Methods and Materials:
Fifty patients complaining of depigmented lesions were diagnosed clinically for vitiligo. Histopathological confirmation was done in difficult to diagnose cases. Patients with clinically stable vitiligo, unstable vitiligo, and vitiligo under treatment were included. A dermoscopic examination was done with a Dermlite DL4 dermoscope. The photographs were taken using a standard phone and the dermoscopic findings were documented.Statistical Analysis Used: The results were tabulated and expressed as percentages. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between dermoscopic patterns of vitiligo and disease activity.

Results:
On examination with the dermoscope, pigmentary patterns observed were marginal hyperpigmentation, perifollicular pigmentation, reticulate hyperpigmentation, and altered pigment network. Morphological patterns seen on dermoscopy included leukotrichia, micro-Koebner phenomena, polka dots, and starburst appearance.

Conclusions:
Marginal hyperpigmentation, perifollicular pigmentation, and reticulate pigmentation were the markers of disease stability. Leukotrichia was seen in patients of stable vitiligo majority being treatment refractory. Altered pigment network, micro-Koebner phenomena, starburst appearance, and polka dots indicated unstable vitiligo. Presence of erythema and telangiectasias indicated response to treatment. Hence, dermoscopy can be used as an effective tool for the diagnosis of vitiligo and evaluation of disease activity.
A split-face study to evaluate the efficacy of Nd
Authors: Singh Ambuj , Goyal Tarang , Singh Pooja 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Until recently, the removal of ephelides on face was predominantly carried out by using dermabrasion, chemical peeling, and radiofrequency cauterization. As these treatment modalities caused undesirable side effects such as scarring, this study is being performed to compare the effect of ND:YAG laser and radiofrequency to remove ephelides with laser showing better result and fewer side effects.

Materials and methods:
The present study was conducted in the department of dermatology, venerology, and leprology during the period 2017 to 2019 after obtaining clearance from Board of Studies and Ethical committee. Patient was thoroughly examined on the basis of history and examination for a confirm diagnosis. After confirming the diagnosis, the patient's face was divided into left and right sides. On to the right-sided freckles of the face, radiofrequency cauterization was carried out and on left part, Nd:YAG was performed. The objective parameters were estimated at the end of 1 month using global improvement scale and also by evaluating patient's satisfaction score. Photographs of both sides of the face were taken at 0, 1 week, and at 1 month under consistent background, position, and lighting and compared with the pretreatment images.

Results:
The study population consisted of 9 (18%) males and 41 (82%) females. Distribution of global improvement scores 3 and 4 was significantly more among Nd:YAG laser (65.0% and 10.0%, respectively) compared to radiofrequency ablation (2.5% and 0.0%, respectively). Mean freckle area severity index (FASI) score post-treatment and reduction in score were significantly more among Nd:YAG laser compared to radiofrequency ablation. Erythema, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation were significantly more among radiofrequency ablation.

Conclusion:
Nd:YAG laser showed satisfactory result in removing freckles in comparison to radiofrequency ablation.
Effect of COVID-19 coronavirus infection on the course of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sorotskaya V. N. , Plakhova A. O. , Halmuradova B. B. , Vaisman D. S. , Balabanova R. M. 
Published: May 2022

To date, there are numerous studies on the effect of COVID-19 on the course of autoimmune rheumatic diseases and the value of vaccination in preventing this dangerous viral infection.Objective: to assess the effect of coronavirus infection on the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the severity of infection, the effect of current baseline therapy on infection outcomes, and the role of vaccination against COVID-19.Patients and methods. 134 patients with a reliable diagnosis of RA were interviewed and their outpatient records analysed during the pandemic period from January 2020 to July 2021.Results. Most of the patients were in the older age group (62.7 years on average), had an average disease duration of 13 years, low to moderate RA activity, comorbidities including arterial hypertension, excess body weight, type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc. All patients received synthetic basic anti-inflammatory drugs (BАID) and glucocorticoids (GC). Thirtyseven (27.6%) patients were vaccinated with the Sputnik V vaccine. Their adverse events were represented by soreness at the injection site (n=6) and transient flu-like syndrome (n=6). Worsening of joint syndrome was reported by 1 patient. COVID-19 was suffered by 43 patients, none of whom were vaccinated. 7 patients were hospitalized, 3 patients died (all had severe comorbidities). In the post-infection period, weakness (64%), memory impairment (48.7%), reduced ability to work (38.5%) persisted for a long time (42 days on average), which was due to the long withdrawal of BАID.Conclusion. No exacerbations of the disease were noted in those vaccinated with Sputnik V. COVID-19 was detected in 43 (32.1%) patients, 7 of whom required hospitalization and 3 died. Exacerbation of RA in the post-infection period was associated with prolonged withdrawal of BАID.
Primary conservative treatment PCL rupture in athletes
Authors: Zaripov A. R. , Afanasiev A. P. , Magnitskaya N. E. , Ryazantsev M. S. , Logvinov A. N. , Ilyin D. O. , Pilipson Zh. Yu. , Frolov A. V. , Maysigov M. N. , Korolev A. V. , Lazko F. L. , Akhpashev A. A. 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study: to evaluate the results of conservative treatment of isolated grade II and III PCL rupture in athletes.Materials and methods. The study included 36 patients who were athletes at a professional level, with isolated PCL rupture, and have been treated non-operative in the period from 2012 to 2020. The non-operative protocol of isolated lesions of the PCL involve, bracing with posterior leg support, rehabilitation program determined by the symptoms and physical signs.Results. After 2 years from injury, the average score on the Tegner scale was 9 (5–10) (p=0.42). 32 (89%) patients returned to the previous level of sports activity, the average score on the Tegner scale was 9 (7–10). The mean time to return to sports-specific training was 10.6 (4–27) weeks, and the mean time to return to full competitive sport was 16.4 (10–40) weeks. Conclusion. The non-operative management of isolated, Hughston grade II and III PCL injuries gives excellent functional outcomes with a high proportion returning to the same level of sport.
Taswira ya Jamii ya Kisasa kwa Mujibu wa Riwaya Teule za Kisasa za Mwandishi K.W. Wamitila
Authors: Mutua Janice 
Published: May 2022

Lengo: Makala hii inakusudia kuangazia taswira kamili ya jamii ya kisasa kama ilivyodhihirika katika riwaya mpya teule za Musaleo! na Mwandishi, Msomaji na Mchapishaji zilizoandikwa na K.W. Wamitila. Mwandishi amefanikiwa kuieleza jamii ya kisasa kupitia kwa usimulizi wenye simulizi nyingi fupi fupi ambayo ni kipengee kimojawapo cha mbinu ya utunzi ya kimajaribio.
Mbinu ya utafiti: Mtafiti aliafikia lengo la utafiti kwa kutumia mbinu ya uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo mkabala wa ufasili. Mtafiti ameangazia maandiko yenye uhusiano na jinsi riwaya mpya ilivyoichorea hadhira taswira ya jamii husika. Kipengee cha kimajaribio kilichotumika ni matumizi ya simulizi fupi fupi zilizomo katika simulizi kuu. Data ya utafiti ilikusanywa maktabani kutoka katika uchambuzi wa maudhui katika riwaya za Musaleo! (ML) na Mwandishi, Msomaji na Mchapishaji (MMM). Nadharia ya Usasaleo kama ilivyoasisiwa na Jean Baudrillard iliuongoza utafiti katika ukusanyaji na uchanganuzi wa data.
Matokeo: Utafiti umebaini kwamba ukosefu wa utaratibu katika utekelezaji wa shughuli mbali mbali uandishi ukiwemo, waweza kuonekana usiofaa lakini hiyo ndiyo taswira kamili ya maisha katika jamii ya kisasa; hayana utaratibu mahususi. Hali ya mparaganyiko imechukua nafasi kubwa ya maisha ya kisasa. Makala imebainisha kuwa jamii inakabiliana na changamoto nyingi. Aidha imeonyesha jinsi jamii yenyewe inavyojimudu kuzitatua.
Mchango wa Kipekee kwa Mujibu wa Nadharia: Mintarafu ya nadharia, mwandishi bunifu ana uhuru wa kuandika jinsi apendavyo, hailazimu kwamba riwaya zifuate utaratibu mahususi. Hii ni kwa sababu maisha katika jamii ya kisasa hayana utaratibu wowote.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LAWS AND JURISPRUDENCE ON SALARIES AND REMUNERATION OF PUBLIC AND STATE OFFICERS IN KENYA
Authors: Ochieng Olayo , Kamau Lewis 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This paper aimed at critically analyzing the laws and jurisprudence on salary and remuneration of public and state officers in Kenya.
Methodology: The paper used desk review method. It identified secondary materials related and relevant to study. Particularly, the study journal articles and case laws.
Results: The study found that Salaries and Remuneration Commission, as an independent body under the constitution charged with remuneration of public and state officers has experienced lot of interference from other state agencies. At the same time the commission has in some instance acted ultra vires despite the law providing clearly its mandate.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: To avoid the court battles as a result of interferences, there is need for the commission to have structural engagement with all public agencies and bodies so as to clarify its mandate. Just as the relationship between the national and county governments is based on the principle of consultation and cooperation, the same can be adopted by the commission to ensure effective and efficient service delivery.
INVESTIGATION OF THE CONNECTION OF LYMPHOSARCOMA WITH LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION
Authors: Lysenko A. P. , Kuchvalsky M. V. , Krasnikova E. L. , Jacobson E. I. 
Published: May 2022

DNA and antigens of mycobacteria tuberculosis (MBT) were detected in the cells of the tissues of a goat that fell with signs of lymphosarcoma (sharp hyperplasia of the lymph nodes and spleen, a positive AGID with an antigen or the diagnosis of leukemia - FLK - BLV- bovine leukemia virus). Latent tuberculosis infection was confirmed by the isolation of non-acid – fast MBT (cell wall-cell wall deficient – CWD) from decontaminated and filtered through a sterilizing filter of lymph node and spleen homogenates. In the populations of CWD MBT from lymphosarcomatous tissues a number of characteristic cell varieties were present which were previously found in isolates from the blood of a tuber-culin-positive goat of the same herd, from the lymph node of a BLV-seropositive cow and directly from FLK-BLV.
In the isolates of lymphosarcomatous tissues along with MBT antigens, antigens that reacted with antibodies to BLV and had the same molecular weight as BLV antigens were found, which indicated the existence of a connection between virus-like forms of MBT and oncogenesis.
NORMS FOR APPLICATION OF STRAW BEDDING IN SECTIONS FOR KEEPING DRY ANIMALS
Authors: Shamonina A. I. , Shamonina A. I. 
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of research activities to establish the optimal rate of straw bedding in sections for dry animals, an economic assessment is given. For this purpose, the ethological reactions of animals, the comfort of keeping animals and thermometric indicators of the straw bedding were studied.
Experimental studies were carried out in the branch of the Agrofirm «Lebedevo» RUE «Minskenergo» Molodechno region. The objects of research were dry cows and heifers of the Holsteinized Belarusian Black-and-White breed, divided into four groups (1 control and 3 experimental), 30 heads each. The differences between the groups consisted in the amount of straw bedding applied. As a result of the research, it was found that for animals in sections 8×15 m, 4.5 kg/head is optimal, in sections with a division into a feeding zone (3×18 m) and rest (4.5×18 m) – at least 3.0 kg/head.
Novel Class of Central Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitor: Firibastat
Authors: Maheshwari Nidhi , Tayal Vandana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for the development of ischemic heart diseases, stroke, disability, vascular dementia, heart failure, renal dysfunction, retinopathy, and premature death. Despite the use of two or more blood pressure lowering medications, a considerable proportion of patients show poor control. Current antihypertensive medications show the limitation of use and effect in obese population, certain races like black population and also in renal impairment. Thus, there is an impending need to develop novel classes of antihypertensive agents acting on new targets with diversified mechanisms of action to more effectively manage raised blood pressure. With the introduction of the recent concept of overactive brain renin angiotensin system in cardiovascular disorders, attempts have been made to identify a molecule with the potential of inhibiting aminopeptidases involved in the formation of Angiotensin III. A novel aminopeptidase A inhibitor, also a prodrug Firibastat is currently undergoing development in Phase III clinical trials for hypertension as well as chronic heart failure. We hereby, provide an updated summary of evidence generated so far with Firibastat and also a glimpse into the therapeutic potential of this novel candidate extending beyond the spectrum of essential hypertension