bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of a symptomatic thalamic pilocytic astrocytoma with reservoir placement and laser interstitial thermal therapy: illustrative case
Authors: Baker Cordell , Crevelt Jordan , Whipple Nicholas , Bollo Robert J. , Cheshier Samuel 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Treatment of pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) in children can be challenging when they arise in deep midline structures because complete surgical resection may result in significant neurological injury. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has provided an alternative treatment modality for lesions that may not be amenable to resection. However, many patients with PAs may be symptomatic from a compressive cyst associated with the PA, and LITT does not obviate the need for cystic decompression in these patients.

OBSERVATIONS
A 12-year-old male presented with left-sided weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an enhancing mass with a large cyst involving the right thalamus and basal ganglia. The patient underwent a reservoir placement for cyst drainage and biopsy of the mass, revealing a pilocytic astrocytoma. He then underwent LITT followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Sixteen months after LITT, follow-up MRI of the brain revealed no tumor growth.

LESSONS
This is the first case to describe reservoir placement to treat the cystic portion of a pilocytic astrocytoma followed by LITT and targeted chemotherapy. Reservoir placement reduced the cyst’s mass effect and resolved the patient’s symptoms, allowing for treatment options beyond resection.
Atlanto-occipital dislocation in a child: a challenging diagnosis. Illustrative case
Authors: Garvayo Marta , Belouaer Amani , Barges-Coll Juan 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) is a highly unstable injury of the osseoligamentous complex at the craniocervical junction that is more common in children. Its diagnosis remains a challenging process that must integrate clinical presentation and radiological criteria.

OBSERVATIONS
A 9-year-old child presented with severe craniocervical trauma (Glasgow Coma Scale score 6) and cardiorespiratory arrest on-site. Prompt resuscitation on-site and transfer to the university hospital were performed, and a computed tomography (CT) scan showed a subarachnoid hemorrhage around the brainstem and a retroclival hematoma. Most of the radiological criteria on CT scans for AOD were negative, except for the occipital condyle–C1 interval, and further imaging with magnetic resonance imaging permitted the diagnosis of AOD with rupture of both the tectorial membrane and the transverse ligament. Occipital-cervical Oc-C1–2 fixation was performed. The neurological outcome was excellent, with full recovery 6 months after the trauma.

LESSONS
AOD should be suspected in all high-intensity trauma in children, especially if the clinical presentation includes cardiorespiratory arrest and other brainstem and/or upper cervical cord symptoms along with premedullary subarachnoid hemorrhage. Understanding the ligamentous nature of the injury resulting in “normal” radiographs or CT scans is important to avoid underdiagnosing AOD, which can have detrimental consequences.
Tangential cranial gunshot wound in an infant in historical context: illustrative case
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey , Piatt Joseph 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Military neurosurgeons have long known that tangential cranial gunshot wounds can be associated with intracranial complications out of proportion to the external appearance of the injury. This phenomenon seems not to have been described in infancy.

OBSERVATIONS
An infant suffered a massive, acute subdural hemorrhage from a contralateral tangential gunshot wound that did not facture the skull.

LESSONS
Similar to adults, infants are subject to catastrophic intracranial injury from gunshots that do not penetrate the skull. The nature of the injury in this case reflected distinctive aspects of the tissue characteristics and proportions of the infant head.
práxis educativo-política dos movimentos camponeses e indígenas latino-americanos e a organização da cultura
Authors: Barbosa Lia Pinheiro 
Published: March 2022

O artigo analisa o processo de organização da cultura e da disputa hegemônica no âmbito da práxis educativo-política dos movimentos indígenas e camponeses na América Latina. Para tanto, aborda-se o conceito de hegemonia atrelado ao caráter periférico dos nossos países, em que o projeto histórico de desenvolvimento é atravessado por um neocolonialismo e uma integração capitalista dependente e subordinada. Outrossim, argumenta-se que o processo de formação do intelectual orgânico não se restringe a uma tarefa exercida unicamente por um partido revolucionário e popular. A história política latino-americana é cenário de muitas lutas e rebeliões articuladas por diferentes organizações e movimentos populares de caráter urbano e rural. Para o caso dos projetos educativo-políticos articulados pelos movimentos indígenas e camponeses, identificam-se quatro premissas: (1) A construção de um processo educativo que permita a interpretação crítica do processo histórico de formação sociocultural e política da América Latina e que promova uma ruptura com a dialética colonial, patriarcal, racista e classista da opressão historicamente erigida na região; (2) A formação do intelectual orgânico intrínseco aos seus próprios processos organizativos; (3) O vínculo com uma crítica onto-epistêmica da imposição do paradigma moderno ocidental capitalista eurocentrado como alma mater e cânone interpretativo do mundo e das relações socioculturais, de produção e política; e (4) Constitutiva de uma disputa hegemônica como força social e histórica, na qual a práxis educativo-pedagógica é concebida como um projeto de hegemonia, o que exige a gênese de uma nova cultura política que responda aos desafios da crise civilizatória.
Penerapan Program Literasi Berbasis Cerita Rakyat untuk Menanamkan Perilaku Empati dan Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas IVA SDN 2 Rejang Lebong
Authors: Anggraini Ayudiah , Muktadir Abdul , Hambali Daimun 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menanamkan perilaku empati dan meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas IVa SDN 2 Rejang Lebong melalui penerapan program literasi berbasis cerita rakyat. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus, setiap siklus melalui tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri atas jurnal pengamatan dan lembar hasil belajar. Data tes hasil belajar dianalisis dengan menggunakan rata-rata nilai dan persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal, sedangkan data jurnal pengamatan dianalisis secara deskriptif dari banyaknya kemunculan indikator yang diamati. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian yaitu, pada siklus 1 terdapat 6 indikator sikap empati yang muncul dan persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 53,85 % dengan nilai rata-rata 66,54. Pada siklus 2 terdapat 9 indikator sikap empati yang muncul dan persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 74,07 % dengan nilai rata-rata 67,04. Pada siklus 3 terdapat 9 indikator sikap empati yang muncul dan persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 86,67 % dengan nilai rata-rata 74,83. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa penerapan program literasi berbasis cerita rakyat dapat menanamkan perilaku empati dan meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas IVa SDN 2 Rejang Lebong.
Pengaruh Postural Control Exercise Pada Anak Cerebral Palsy Spastik Hemiplegi
Authors: Najizah Fitratun , Prasetyo Fahrizal Adhi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Cerebral palsy is a motor problem as a result of non-progressive brain lesions in impaired brain development. In children who suffer from Cerebral Palsy experience damage to the brain that is permanent. The characteristic of Cerebral Palsy with the Spastic Hemiplegic type is characterized by the appearance of problems in the upper and lower limbs of one side of the body. The intervention given in this case is a postural control exercise which aims to improve the child's ability to control body position with the aim of stability and orientation. This research method is experimental, the research design uses case studies and data collection techniques use Pre and Post Tests. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. Examination of posture using a posture assessment scale and functional examination of activities using the GMFM form. After six sessions of therapy, the results showed an improvement in posture and an increase in the functional score of children's activities, although not significant. Postural control exercise programmed to patients is able to improve posture and increase the functional ability of children's activities.
The Surprisingly Positive Effect of Zinc-Phthalocyanines With High Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy of Melanoma Cancer
Authors: Castro Kelly A. D. F. , Prandini Juliana A. , Biazzotto Juliana Cristina , Tomé João P. C. , da Silva Roberto S. , Lourenço Leandro M. O. 
Published: March 2022

Phthalocyanine (Pc) dyes are photoactive molecules that can absorb and emit light in the visible spectrum, especially in the red region of the spectrum, with great potential for biological scopes. For this target, it is important to guarantee a high Pc solubility, and the use of suitable pyridinium units on their structure can be a good strategy to use effective photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer cells. Zn(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) conjugated with thiopyridinium units (1–3) were evaluated as PS drugs against B16F10 melanoma cells, and their photophysical, photochemical, and in vitro photobiological properties were determined. The photodynamic efficiency of the tetra- and octa-cationic ZnPcs 1–3 was studied and compared at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 µM. The different number of charge units, and the presence/absence of a-F atoms on the Pc structure, contributes for their PDT efficacy. The 3-(4′,5′-dimethylthiazol-2′-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays on B16F10 melanoma cells show a moderate to high capacity to be photoinactivated by ZnPcs 1–3 (ZnPc 1 &gt; ZnPc 2 &gt; ZnPc 3). The best PDT conditions were found at a Pc concentration of 20 μM, under red light (λ = 660 ± 20 nm) at an irradiance of 4.5 mW/cm2 for 667 s (light dose of 3 J/cm2). In these conditions, it is noteworthy that the cationic ZnPc 1 shows a promising photoinactivation ratio, reaching the detection limit of the MTT method. Moreover, these results are comparable to the better ones in the literature.
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Comparison of Outcomes After Myectomy or Alcohol Ablation
Authors: Meng Xiangbin , Wang Wen-yao , Gao Jun , Zhang Kuo , Zheng Jilin , Wang Jing-jia , Liu YuPeng , Shao Chunli , Tang Yi-Da 
Published: March 2022

Introduction and ObjectivesThe risk of ventricular arrhythmia and heart failure in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is much higher than that in the general population. More and more pieces of evidence showed that HOCM is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. We reported our experience in a study, comparing surgical myectomy, alcohol septal ablation (ASA), and medical therapy.MethodsThe original cohort included 965 consecutive patients with HOCM. The patients were divided into three groups according to treatment strategies: myectomy group (n = 502), ASA group (n = 138), and medical treatment group (n = 325). The median follow-up duration was 42.99 ± 18.32 months, and the primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and heart transplantation.ResultsBoth in short- and long-term observations, surgical myectomy reduced the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradients more effectively (7 days, 16.15 ± 12.07 mmHg vs. 42.33 ± 27.76 mmHg, p &lt; 0.05; 1 year, 14.65 ± 13.18 mmHg vs. 41.17 ± 30.76 mmHg, p &lt; 0.05). Among the three groups, the patients in the medical treatment group were at a higher risk of mortality and cardiac transplantation (vs. the myectomy group, p &lt; 0.001 by log-rank test; vs. the alcohol septal ablation group, p = 0.017 by log-rank test), and the myectomy group shows a lower risk of reaching the primary endpoint than the two other groups. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, previous atrial fibrillation (AF), N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), and surgical myectomy predicted an HOCM prognosis. However, the impact of surgical myectomy on HOCM prognosis seems to be limited to the &lt;56 years group.ConclusionsThe patients with medical treatments seemed to suffer from the highest risk of achieving an all-cause mortality and the endpoint of heart transplantation. In the long-term survival and clinical outcome, myectomy seemed better than alcohol septal ablation, especially the younger patients. Due to the less-controllable degree, periprocedural complication frequency after alcohol septal ablation was higher, compared with myectomy. Furthermore, gradients after myectomy are lower at late follow-up. To sum up, when selecting treatment strategies, the patients should be individually evaluated by a multidisciplinary team of cardiologists and surgeons.
Comprehensive Analysis of Key m6A Modification Related Genes and Immune Infiltrates in Human Aortic Dissection
Authors: Yin Fanxing , Zhang Hao , Guo Panpan , Wu Yihao , Zhao Xinya , Li Fangjun , Bian Ce , Chen Chen , Han Yanshuo , Liu Kun 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the feature of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification genes in acute aortic dissection (AAD) and explore their relationships with immune infiltration.MethodsThe GSE52093 dataset including gene expression data from patients with AAD and healthy controls was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database in order to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The differentially methylated m6A genes were obtained from the GSE147027 dataset. The differentially expressed m6A-related genes were obtained based on the intersection results. Meanwhile, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed m6A-related genes was constructed, and hub genes with close relationships in the network were selected. Later, hub genes were verified by using the GSE153434 dataset. Thereafter, the relationships between these genes and immune cells infiltration were analyzed.ResultsA total of 279 differentially expressed m6A-related genes were identified in the GSE52093 and GSE147027 datasets. Among them, 94 genes were up-regulated in aortic dissection (AD), while the remaining 185 were down-regulated. As indicated by Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, these genes were mainly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The seven hub genes, namely, DDX17, CTGF, FLNA, SPP1, MYH11, ITGA5 and CACNA1C, were all confirmed as the potential biomarkers for AD. According to immune infiltration analysis, it was found that hub genes were related to some immune cells. For instance, DDX17, FLNA and MYH11 were correlated with Macrophages M2.ConclusionOur study identifies hub genes of AD that may serve as the potential biomarkers, illustrates of the molecular mechanism of AD, and provides support for subsequent research and treatment development.
Development of Resistance in Escherichia coli Against Repeated Water Disinfection
Authors: Daer Sahar , Rehmann Emily , Rehmann Jessica , Ikuma Kaoru 
Published: March 2022

Pathogen resistance against common disinfectants in drinking water treatment could have serious public health implications, particularly in potable water reuse. Frequent disinfection in potable water reuse has a potential to facilitate resistance development. This study investigated resistance development in Escherichia coli against repeated monochloramine and ferrate disinfection. E. coli cultures repeatedly treated with monochloramine developed resistance after 12 + treatment rounds, whereas repeated ferrate disinfection did not lead to resistance development. Monochloramine induced cells into the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state in initial disinfection rounds; however, repeated monochloramine treatment caused increases in culturability, which corresponded to decreases in the fraction of VBNC cells post-disinfection. The cumulative number of disinfection episodes (∼12 times) rather than treatment frequency (e.g., every 48, 96, or 144 h) played a critical role in resistance development against monochloramine. In addition to preventing resistance, ferrate effectively inactivated (&gt;3-log10) the evolved monochloramine-stressed cultures, suggesting that the evolutionary adaptations against monochloramine were ineffective against ferrate. The lack of resistance against ferrate renders it a promising disinfection agent that deserves further assessment. This work’s findings demonstrate that repeated disinfection coupled with the type of applied disinfectant can influence bacterial resistance development. Therefore, current and future water disinfection schemes, especially within potable water reuse, need regular monitoring to evaluate the resistance profile of pathogenic bacteria.
IDO1 Inhibition Reduces Immune Cell Exclusion Through Inducing Cell Migration While PD-1 Blockage Increases IL-6 and -8 Secretion From T Cells in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sieviläinen Meri , Saavalainen Jordan , Adnan-Awad Shady , Salo Tuula , Al-Samadi Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), primarily anti-PD-1, are currently used to treat patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, only a minority of patients benefit from these costly therapies. Therefore, there is an unmet need to better understand the effect of ICIs on immune effector cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a PD-1 antibody and an IDO1 inhibitor on different lymphocyte populations (NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells) in term of migration, cytotoxicity, and cytokine release in the presence of HNSCC cells.MethodsUsing a microfluidic chip, we injected HSC-3 cells (an oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line) embedded in a human tumor-derived matrix “myogel/fibrin” together with NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in separate channels. The two channels were connected with microchannels. The PD-1 antibody nivolumab and IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat were added to the microfluidic chips. Lymphocyte migration and cytotoxicity were examined under fluorescent microscopy and cytokine release was measured using a FirePlex Human Discovery Cytokines Immunoassay.ResultsEpacadostat significantly increased the migration and infiltration of NK and CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, towards the cancer cells. Nivolumab did not exhibit a similar effect. While CD8+ T cells alone showed near to no migration, adding CD4+ T cells enhanced migration towards the cancer cells. There was a mild nonsignificant increase in apoptosis of HSC-3 cells after adding epacadostat to lymphocytes. In contrast, HSC-3 proliferation was not affected by lymphocytes regardless of ICIs. Nivolumab significantly increased release of MIP1-α, IL-6, and IL-8 from NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, respectively.ConclusionsThis study revealed that each subpopulation of lymphocytes respond differently to ICIs. We also revealed the subpopulation of lymphocytes responsible for the increases in specific serum cytokines after ICI treatment.
Long-Term Changes of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Individuals on Suppressive Three-Drug or Two-Drug Antiretroviral Regimens
Authors: Serrano-Villar Sergio , López-Huertas María Rosa , Jiménez Daniel , Galera Carlos , Martínez-Sanz Javier , Moreno Elena , Muriel Alfonso , Gutiérrez Félix , Busca Carmen , Portilla Joaquín , Bisbal Otilia , Iribarren José Antonio , Tejerina Francisco , de los Santos Ignacio , Moreno Santiago 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundBecause inflammation is associated with mortality and has been linked to HIV transcription in lymphoid tissues during ART, it is necessary to address the long-term effects of switching 3-drug (3DR) to 2-drug regimens (2DR) on inflammation.MethodsNested study in the Spanish AIDS Research Network. We selected PWH ART-naive initiating 3DR who achieved viral suppression in the first 48 weeks and either remained on 3DR or switched to 2DR (3TC+bPI; 3TC+DTG; DTG+RPV). We assessed the trajectories on inflammatory markers during ART using multivariate piecewise mixed models.ResultsWe analyzed 619 plasma samples from 148 patients (3DR, N=90; 2DR, N=58), the median follow-up was 4.6 (IQR 3.2-6.2) years. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups. After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with 3DR experienced a slow decline of IL6, hs-CRP, sCD14, sCD163, and D-dimer over time. In contrast, compared to 3DR, switching to 2DR was associated with increases in IL-6 (p=0.001), hs-CRP (p=0.003), and D-dimer (p=0.001) after year 3 from virologic suppression. 2DR was associated with a higher risk of hs-CRP quartile increase (aOR 3.3, 95%CI 1.1-10) and D-dimer quartile increase (aOR 3.7, 95%CI 1.1-13). The adjusted biomarker trajectories did not reveal a distinct pattern according to the type of 2DR used (bPI vs DTG).ConclusionsIn this study in virally suppressed individuals, maintaining 3DR was associated with a more favorable long-term inflammatory profile than switching to 2DR. The potential clinical implications of these findings on the development of non-AIDS events deserve further investigation.