bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direction-controllable dual-optical conveyors based on optical tweezers
Authors: Niu Kai , Tao Shaohua , Wang Fuliang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a class of direction-controllable dual-optical conveyors whose trajectories consisted of two different reconfigurable optical curve traps with designed intensity and phase gradient. When located near the dual-optical conveyors trajectories, various particles can be trapped and automatically transported. To substantiate the key advantages of our approach, we present position controlled optical transportation of particles with two sizes (3 and 5 μm diameters) and arrangement of monodisperse micro particles. In addition, the beam curve trajectory and number can be designed arbitrarily, which can manipulate and transport a variety of particles at the same time. This work provides a new perspective on optical transportation in fully controlled optical landscapes. This method can be easily combined with other particle manipulation techniques, such as fluorescence excitation, for micro total analysis systems of the future.
Deriving tidal currents from AIS data
Authors: Yiew Lucas J. , Magee Allan R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, a method is proposed to derive ocean surface current conditions using only information available through AIS – mainly speed over ground (SOG), course over ground (COG) and vessel heading. This method allows the mapping of current conditions over large areas, in doing so gives seafarers better awareness and advance warning of local environmental conditions. This also helps in route planning and management of voyage-related resources. In the proposed method, current speeds and directions are solved through a system of equations containing the resolved SOG, COG and heading of multiple ships. This method was tested using mathematical manoeuvring models, and then subsequently using AIS data collected from vessel traffic in the Western Singapore Straits. Current predictions using this method are validated against physics-based depth-averaged hydrodynamic models driven by astronomical tidal forcing.
Autonomous ship concept evaluation – Quantification of competitiveness and societal impact
Authors: Nordahl Håvard , Nesheim Dag Atle , Lindstad Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The prospect of large-scale international adoption of autonomous ships has led to expectations of reduced costs and emissions for waterborne transport of goods. This is commonly attributed to the possibility of removing manning from the ship, which enables more efficient ship designs and reduced operational costs. So why have we not seen a multitude of autonomous ship building projects? There are several reasons for this, including immature technology and regulations. However, there is another reason which has received less attention; the lack of quantifiable evidence for the benefits arising from investing in autonomous ships. There are some case studies on the impact of autonomy on transport cost, but there is no established method for evaluating the effects of an investment in autonomous ships. This paper will present Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) developed to enable such quantification. Furthermore, the developed KPIs are chosen not only to enable quantification of benefits but also to be calculable based on data which it is reasonable to assume that are available or obtainable at a concept stage.
On maritime electrification – electrification technologies, charging infrastructure and energy management strategies
Authors: Feng X , Zainudin E B , Tseng K J , Low K C A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to give a landscape introduction and review on maritime electrification technologies and related applications, ranging from onboard vessel electrification technologies, standards, onshore charging infrastructure to onboard and onshore energy management strategies. Summaries and references given in this review paper can serve as a guidance with regard to the aforementioned aspects on marine electrification. The paper starts with an introduction on various vessel electrification technologies which include incorporation of renewable energy resources as part of the onboard energy supply and also configurations that incorporate these electrification technologies. Onshore charging infrastructure is essential to support the operation of electric vessels and they will be reviewed along with relevant standards. In addition to electrification technologies and onshore charging infrastructure, another important aspect of marine electrification lies with effective energy management strategies that ensure optimal operations. Energy management strategies with various objectives will be reviewed.
Impact of Pitot tube diameter on the centre line mean flow velocity in multi-scale grid-generated turbulence
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroto , Suzuki Hiroki , Tanaka Kento , Kouchi Toshinori 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, the impact of the leading-edge diameter of a Pitot tube on the mean flow of the decaying turbulence generated by a multi-scale grid was investigated. Standard Pitot tubes with leading edge diameters of 4 and 6 mm were used in this study, and a multi-scale grid was installed at the entrance of the test section to generate the decaying turbulence. The characteristic velocity was observed to be 2.8 m/s. In the downstream region of the test section, the mean velocities measured with the two Pitot tubes were in sufficiently good agreement, as well as the acceleration parameters calculated in this region. However, in the upstream region, the mean flow velocities obtained with the two Pitot tubes were slightly different. The thin Pitot tube showed a higher mean flow velocity in this region, corresponding to the jet-like structure that has been described in previous research. In contrast, this higher mean velocity in the upstream region was not observed in the mean flow velocity distribution obtained with the thick Pitot tube. This difference is discussed here from the perspective of the turbulent component and measurement uncertainty.
Lax-Wendroff method for incompressible flow
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Hasan K. , Sang Zhiqian , Ni Zing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Lax-Wendroff scheme is extended to incompressible fluid flow problems within the framework of artificial compressibility method (ACM) utilizing a “cell-centered finite-volume” Δ-approximation on a non-orthogonal non-staggered grid. An ACM induces a transformation between conservative and primitive variables; the physical relevance of ACM is to bring about “matrix preconditionings”, provoking density perturbations. The coupled algorithm is pressure-based; it benefits from enhanced accuracy and greater flexibility using the “monotone upstream-centered schemes for conservation laws (MUSCL)” approach. Numerical experiments in reference to “buoyancy-driven” flows with strong sources illustrate that the entire strategy augments overall damping capability and robustness adhering to the factored pseudo-time integration method. Conclusively, the associated limiter function has little influence on the high resolution for selected test cases.
Construction and properties analysis of Z-A-Z graphene nanoribbons transistors
Authors: Wang Hanxi , Ding Yuanzhi , Li Guojun , Song Yuxuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on the first-principles theory combining density-functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function, A zigzag-armchair-zigzag (Z-A-Z) graphene nanoribbon transistor model was constructed using the quantumATK tool, and Stone-Wales (SW) defects were introduced. The transmission spectrum, electrical conductivity, gate potential and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Z-A-Z graphene nanoribbons were analyzed. By constructing Z-A-Z graphene nanoribbons with SW defects, the effect of defects on their transport properties was explored. The research results can provide a reference for the research on the characteristics of Z-A-Z graphene nanoribbons.
Study on thrust performance of small water rocket launch
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Liu Longbin , Chen Moyan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For water rocket test of low cost, quick assembly and simple, based on the single water rocket, using Bernoulli equation, the ideal gas adiabatic model and mass conservation theorem, this paper derived both the calculation method of thrust rocket the bottle under the different initial water volume ratio of water pressure, and the rule about how the water rocket thrust and pressure performance change. It is found that the pressure, the jet velocity of the water relative to the water rocket body and thrust of water rocket will decrease with the decrease of water amount under different initial charging pressure and different initial water amount. If the initial pressure is higher, the water rocket will gain more energy and launch faster; However, it doesn’t mean that the more initial water storage ratio is, the better. The maximum velocity obtained by water rocket under the same initial pressure increases first and then decreases with the initial water storage ratio and the optimal initial water storage ratio increases with the increase of initial pressure. According to data calculation, the numerical value increases with the increase of initial pressure. The optimal performance of water rocket can be obtained by taking the maximum pressure and the corresponding optimal initial injection water when the water rocket body is allowed.
Theoretical simulation on Fraunhofer diffraction of arbitrarily shaped aperture
Authors: Liu Yuanshuo , Wang Luyan , Dong Jia , Xia Jihao , Yang Lei , Jin Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The diffraction refers to the phenomenon that when light encounters an obstacle during propagation, it will deviate from the original propagation path and propagate behind the obstacle. In the study of diffraction and the relevant, we often encounter the questions about the prediction or estimation on the diffraction patterns of apertures with various shapes. Yet the specially designed optical experiment is very time consuming and laborious for this simple purpose. In this paper, the laser far-field diffraction is studied based on Kirchhoff diffraction theory. The intensity distribution is described by using a two-dimensional matrix and then the mathematical representations of the diffraction pattern of arbitrary aperture are provided. Visualization of calculated data is achieved by computer programming, and high-precision diffraction patterns are obtained. The above theoretical analysis method presented in this paper has higher universality. When the calculation infinitesimals are small enough and the computer graphics display function is sufficient, the diffraction pattern with high resolution can be obtained efficiently compared with the experiment.
Statistical evaluation of PMMA surface roughness
Authors: Hweju Zvikomborero , Kopi Fundiswa , Abou-El-Hossein Khaled 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is increased enthusiasm in polymer materials and yet limited research on single point diamond turning of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) used to produce contact lenses. This study is a presentation of a statistical-based PMMA surface roughness prediction and parameter significance. The data utilized is obtained during dry single point diamond turning of PMMA. The experiment has been designed with the Central Composite Design (CCD) method and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used for surface roughness prediction and evaluation of cutting parameter importance. The surface roughness data used for regression model generation has been acquired manually using a profilometer. The resultant surface roughness (Ra) dataset has been split into training and testing datasets. The accuracy of the model has been determined based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Results have indicated that the generated regression model can predict surface roughness with 75.12 % accuracy. Furthermore, the order of parameter importance in decreasing order is as follows: feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut. The paired t-test results indicate that the difference between the averages of measured surface roughness and predicted surface roughness is not big enough to be statistically significant. Hence, the technique can be reliably utilized in predicting surface roughness during single point diamond turning of PMMA.
Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of differently cooled friction stir welded joints of Al and Mg alloys
Authors: Arya Pradyumn Kumar , Jain Neelesh Kumar , Jayaprakash Murugesan , Patel Vinay Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Current analysis emphasizes on microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion behaviour of friction stir welding (FSW) joints of AA6061-T6 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloy using various cooling mechanisms i.e., air cooling, forced water cooling, and underwater cooling. The air-cooled, forced-water cooled, and underwater cooled FSW are abbreviated as Air-FSW, FCFSW, and UWFSW respectively. The x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDS) analysis established the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layers of varying thickness with composition of Al12Mg17 and Al3Mg2 at the bonding interaction of the joints. The surface appearance of Air-FSW joints was observed rougher and darker due to generation of more heat while the appearance of surface of UWFSW joints was smoother and brighter because the generated frictional heat was taken away by the water. Due to reduction of the heat and so the temperature in FCFSW and UWFSW joints, the development of IMCs got reduced, resulting in improved weld strength and joint efficiency. Occurrence of weld crack in the weld stir region was reduced in FCFSW joint as compared to Air-FSW joint. Whereas, very few or no cracks were observed in weld stir region of UWFSW joints. Maximum joint’s strength of Air-FSW joints was observed 120.74 MPa, which increased to 151.56 MPa and 182.7 MPa with FCFSW and UWFSW respectively. Air-FSW joint exhibited a brittle fracture mode but in water medium, their fracture path was shifted to ductile mode which demonstrated the formation of enhanced ductility of the UWFSW joints. The corrosion resistance got improved when the joints were prepared in underwater medium.
The effect of synthesis route on the photocatalytic performance of Ag-TiO2 using rhodamine b dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceutical waste as model pollutants
Authors: Nyankson Emmanuel , Yeboah Nathaniel , Jnr Samuel Ocrah , Onaja Sammy , Mensah Thomas , Efavi Johnson K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The use of noble metal loading such as Ag to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 has been well studied. Though different synthesis methods have been used to synthesize Ag-TiO2 nano-composite, the effect of the different synthesis routes on the photocatalytic performance has not been studied and compared. This study focusses not only on the enhancement of photocatalytic performance by the addition of Ag, but also on the influence of the synthesis process on photocatalytic performance. Two different routes: photodeposition (PD) and formaldehyde assisted microwave (MW) synthesis of Ag-TiO2 nano-composite and their photocatalytic performance were evaluated using model pollutants. The Ag-TiO2 were synthesized using different wt% (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt%) of Ag. The synthesized Ag-TiO2 were characterized with x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The Ag-TiO2 photocatalyst showed superior photocatalytic performance towards rhodamine b dye as compared to raw TiO2. 0.5 wt% Ag-TiO2-PD recorded the highest rate constant and degradation percent among the composites synthesized using photodeposition (PD) method. On the other hand, 1.0 wt% Ag-TiO2-MW performed better among the composites synthesized using microwave and formaldehyde assisted synthesis. The potential of these best performing composites; 0.5 wt% Ag-TiO2 and 1.0 wt% Ag-TiO2 to photocatalytically degrade pharmaceutical (Naproxen Sodium and Flurbiprofen) and pesticide (Atrazine and Pyrimethanil) pollutants were examined. These composites degraded the pollutants exceptionally well with 0.5 wt% Ag-TiO2-PD outperforming the 1.0 wt% Ag-TiO2-MW. 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis revealed that the synthesized Ag-TiO2 were effective in degrading the model pollutants.
Experimental investigation and characterization of titanium diboride reinforced AA6063 in-situ composites
Authors: Nandakumar N , Balakrishnan S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aluminium matrix composites have gained interest recently because they are more efficient, lighter, and less expensive. The purpose of this current study was to examine the effects of various casting operating conditions, including stirring temperature, stirring time, and stirring speed, on the casting process. Determining the optimum processing parameters to achieve significant outcomes could be the most daunting problem while casting a specimen. Box-Behnken design based on response surface methods was used to investigate the effects of stir casting factors on the mechanical properties of AA6063%–4% TiB2 composites. The response’s real value, which includes hardness before heat treatment, hardness after heat treatment, and tensile strength, is reflected in the surface plot created by statistical software. F-ratio is often used in an ANOVA table to examine how operational variables affect properties of the material. Dispersion of the reinforcements mixture has been studied and characterized under scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction spectrometer. The optimum temperature, time, and rotational speed were 823.662 °C, 15 min, and 300 rpm. Composite materials made from aluminium 6063 are extensively used in the fabrication of lightweight aircraft components like ribs and fuselages.
Using non-stretchable structures for component positioning in thermoformed electronics
Authors: Madadnia Behnam , Bossuyt Frederick , Vanfleteren Jan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to present a reliable approach for accurate component positioning in thermoformed electronics. We have proposed a non-stretchable conductive structure for accurate positioning of the electronic components, which can assure the conductive traces’ mechanical stability during lamination and thermoforming of the substrate. We have verified our approach’s accuracy by applying our method on a real industrial semi-sphere mold for positioning seven LEDs and one touch sensor. We have measured the LEDs’ position after thermoforming to prove the process repeatability. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of positioning electronic components in thermoformed 3D electronics with high precision.
Corrigendum: Magnetization process of the S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the floret pentagonal lattice (2021 J. Phys. Commun.
5 125008)
Authors: Furuchi Rito , Nakano Hiroki , Todoroki Norikazu , Sakai Toru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We report an inconsistent way of plotting in a figure in Furuchi R, Nakano H, Todoroki N and Sakai T (2021 J. Phys. Commun.
5 125 008) and present a consistent figure. This replacement does not change the main conclusions in Furuchi R, Nakano H, Todoroki N and Sakai T (2021 J. Phys. Commun.
5 125 008).
Phoebe: a high-performance framework for solving phonon and electron Boltzmann transport equations
Authors: Cepellotti Andrea , Coulter Jennifer , Johansson Anders , Fedorova Natalya S , Kozinsky Boris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Understanding the electrical and thermal transport properties of materials is critical to the design of electronics, sensors, and energy conversion devices. Computational modeling can accurately predict material properties but, in order to be reliable, requires accurate descriptions of electron and phonon states and their interactions. While first-principles methods are capable of describing the energy spectrum of each carrier, using them to compute transport properties is still a formidable task, both computationally demanding and memory intensive, requiring integration of fine microscopic scattering details for estimation of macroscopic transport properties. To address this challenge, we present Phoebe—a newly developed software package that includes the effects of electron–phonon, phonon–phonon, boundary, and isotope scattering in computations of electrical and thermal transport properties of materials with a variety of available methods and approximations. This open source C++ code combines MPI-OpenMP hybrid parallelization with GPU acceleration and distributed memory structures to manage computational cost, allowing Phoebe to effectively take advantage of contemporary computing infrastructures. We demonstrate that Phoebe accurately and efficiently predicts a wide range of transport properties, opening avenues for accelerated computational analysis of complex crystals.
Strain measurements of an aircraft wing using embedded CNT fiber sensor and wireless SHM sensor node
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Lee Jung-Ryul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Composite material-based aircraft structures have attracted attention due to their lightweight and superior mechanical properties. However, composite structures have a high risk of structural failures when damages occur due to loadings or impacts. Therefore, consistent structural health monitoring (SHM) is needed to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the aircraft. Various methods of sensor installation and measurement systems were developed for the implementation of SHM in aircraft structures. In this research, the carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber sensor was optimized by comparing the different configurations such as carbon black concentration, polyurethane layer, and dip-coating iterations. Glass fiber reinforced plastic skin with embedded CNT fiber sensor was implemented on a 1700 mm long right main wing. Strain measurements were performed during static loadings through the wireless SHM sensor node. Strain measurement due to resistance change during temperature decrease was also performed to investigate the effect of temperature on the CNT fiber sensor. The CNT fiber sensor showed comparable strain measurement results to conventional strain gauge strain measurements. Consequently, the CNT fiber sensor and the wireless SHM sensor node showed new possibilities for embedded sensor applications and real-time SHM implementations for aircraft structures.
Self-powered triboelectric sensor for cooling fan monitoring
Authors: Kim Hakjeong , Hwang Hee Jae , Kim Wook , Hong Seongchan , Yoon Jongwon , Lim Hyeongwook , Choi Dukhyun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, the use of computers, Internet of things devices, and artificial intelligence applications has dramatically increased. For the operation of these devices, it is important to effectively control the thermal management systems. Cooling fans play an important role in air circulation and thermal management for many types of industrial machines. In the past, a disassembly process has been inevitable for monitoring the operational status of cooling fans, making it necessary to develop devices or methods to monitor the operational status of cooling fans more conveniently. In this study, we propose a fan-shaped triboelectric sensor (F-TES) that can detect the operational status of a cooling fan via output signals of a triboelectric nanogenerator. We investigated the effects of rotational speed, as well as the working areas of the tribo-materials. Furthermore, we demonstrated those behaviors by using a light-emitting diode and capacitor charging. We designed an F-TES based on a commercial cooling fan without any structural changes, so that it could be directly utilized for various cooling fans. We anticipate that the results of this study can serve as a cornerstone for the maintenance and management of various commercial cooling fans.