bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From care ethics to pluralist care theory: The state of the field
Authors: Gary Mercer E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a moment where needs for care are acute and their provision precarious, feminist care ethics has gained new relevance as a framework for understanding and responding to necessary interdependence. This article reviews and evaluates two long‐standing critiques of care ethics in light of this recent research. First, I assess what I call the pluralist feminist critique, or the dispute over the ability of care ethics to address the needs and histories of a range of marginalized subjects. I identify two forms of this critique: the first disputes the biased starting points shaping the development of the theory, and the second concerns the weaponization of care in support of domination. Although these critiques are well‐established, I draw attention to recent responses that move care theory in generative directions. I argue that the pluralist feminist critique demands both self‐critical transformation in dialog with other feminist schools of thought and a robust account of care ethics' normative authority. I then take up critiques those levied by mainstream ethicists concerned with care theory's adequacy as an ethical approach. I show that recent work on normative authority, conceptual uniqueness, and the grounding of responsibility must be engaged before care theory can be dismissed as “under‐theorized.” In articulating these two sets of critiques and evaluating recent rebuttals to them, I argue for a pluralist feminist theory of care within which strands informed by varying philosophical schools and methods can coexist.
Positioning Accuracy of the Zhurong Mars Rover's Hand–Eye System
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Peng Song , Wu Yunjia , Wen Bo , Zhang Jianli , Jia Yang , Liu Shaochuang , Qi Chen , Ma Youqing , Yan Yongzhe , Li Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe hand–eye system is an important component of the Zhurong rover, which is crucial for positioning, terrain reconstruction, stereo vision measurement and mission planning functions. The hand–eye system consists of a navigation camera and mast mechanism, and its positioning accuracy has an important effect on the teleoperation mission of the Zhurong rover. A positioning method that combines close‐range photogrammetry and robot kinematics is proposed. It includes geometric calibration, stereo vision measurement and coordinate transformations. Experiments were carried out in different scenes (for example, field, laboratory and Mars) to verify the positioning accuracy of the hand–eye system. The minimum and maximum positioning errors of the hand–eye system, as verified by in‐orbit checkpoints, were 16.5 and 28.7 mm, respectively. This positioning accuracy can effectively satisfy the requirements of the teleoperation mission of the Zhurong rover.
The post‐oil strategy of the UAE: An examination of diversification strategies and challenges
Authors: Antwi‐Boateng Osman , Al Jaberi Noura Hamad Salim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article aims to highlight and evaluate initiatives of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government to diversify its economy away from oil dependency. This is accomplished via a qualitative methodology by collecting data through in‐depth interviews with government officials, experts, and academics to amass different views and perspectives on this matter. The findings show that the government has a clear vision for diversification, which is embodied in laws and policies for effectively executing a post‐oil strategy. Driven by economic sustainability and domestic concerns, vertical diversification strategies constitute the majority of UAE's economic diversification strategies and include: investing in research and development, attracting foreign direct investment, developing the petrochemical industry, manufacturing, tourism, aviation, financial services, banking hubs, logistical hubs, digital economy, and the knowledge economy. The UAE's diversification strategy is associated with many challenges. The economic challenges are global economic crises, oil price volatility, and exchange rate regime. The geopolitical challenges include regional conflicts and tensions. There are also cultural and social challenges pertaining to demographic imbalance and low Emirati's participation in the private sector.Related ArticlesHowie, Peter. 2018. “Policy Transfer and Diversification in Resource‐Dependent Economies: Lessons for Kazakhstan from Alberta.” Politics & Policy 46(1): 110–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12239Khodr, Hiba, and Isabella Ruble. 2013. “Energy Policies and Domestic Politics in the MENA Region in the Aftermath of the Arab Upheavals: The Cases of Lebanon, Libya, and KSA.” Politics & Policy 41(5): 656–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12033Mahler, Annegret. 2011. “Oil in Venezuela: Triggering Conflicts or Ensuring Stability? A Historical Comparative Analysis.” Politics & Policy 39(4): 583–611. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00305.x/abstract
Drought as a modulator of plant–virus–vector interactions: Effects on symptom expression, plant immunity and vector behaviour
Authors: Vasquez Diego F. , Hernandez Anngie , Torres Diana , Borrero‐Echeverry Felipe , Zuluaga Paola , Rincon Diego F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlant–virus interactions are affected by environmental conditions that determine plant vulnerability to pathogens and the population dynamics of insect vectors. We hypothesize that drought enhances horizontal transmission by dampening the basal immunity of plants, which triggers symptom expression and vector manipulation. The potato yellow vein virus (PYVV) causes potato yellow vein disease (PYVD), a re‐emerging epidemic of potato crops in South America, and is transmitted horizontally by the greenhouse whitefly (GWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), or vertically through infected seed tubers. We investigated the role of drought and temperature as modulators of PYVD symptom expression, plant immune response, and vector survival, development and host preference. We found that drought induced symptom expression, suppressed the salicylic acid pathway and increased PYVV replication. GWF survival was reduced on PYVV‐infected hosts and development was slowest when they fed on plants with PYVD symptoms, which also triggered adults’ attraction to PYVV‐infected plants. However, adults previously fed on infected plants showed the opposite effect, being more attracted to PYVV‐free plants. We propose a theoretical model that explains the role of drought in modulating potato–PYVV–GWF interactions and provides new insights into plant–virus–vector coevolution.
Utility, Predictability, and Rights: Bentham’s Utilitarianism and Constitutional Entitlements
Authors: Ferraro Francesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInUtility, Publicity, and Law, Postema reconstructs Bentham’s attack on the concept of constitutional and fundamental rights, seen as conditions of legal validity to be employed in the judicial review of legislation. From his viewpoint, the main reason for this attack was Bentham’s endorsement of a “demonstrability thesis,” according to which the indeterminacy of constitutional rights hindered their publicity as standards for evaluating judicial decisions. This article contends that, regarding the grounds of judicial decisions, Bentham’s main concern was with legal certainty and predictability rather than publicity per se. Moreover, it reveals that although constitutional entitlements may not comply with Bentham’s analysis of legal rights, they can fulfill functions that meet the basic requirements of his utilitarianism. Finally, a puzzling aspect of Bentham’s theory of rights, which regards his rejection of moral entitlements even when it comes to positive morality, will be disclosed.
Advances in numerical weather prediction, data science, and open‐source software herald a paradigm shift in catastrophe risk modeling and insurance underwriting
Authors: Steptoe Hamish , Souch Claire , Slingo Julia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent advances in numerical weather prediction, combined with the new generation, high‐resolution climate simulations, and open‐source loss modeling frameworks, herald a move beyond the limited statistical representation of catastrophe risk based on past observations. In this new forward‐looking view of risk, an appreciation that our observed record of past natural catastrophes represents a limited sample of possible events, and that the statistics of weather and climate are changing as the planet warms, highlights a key limitation in traditional catastrophe modeling approaches that are built on defining statistical relationships using the observed record. Instead, ensembles of new spatially and dynamically consistent simulations of weather and climate provide physically plausible, but as‐yet‐unseen events at scales appropriate for making effective risk management and risk transfer decisions. This approach is especially useful in locations around the world where observational records are unobtainable or of short historical duration, such as in low‐income countries. We take a forward‐looking approach at the way that future catastrophe modeling and insurance underwriting could occur in response to these technological and scientific advances, using open‐source loss model frameworks.
The Validity of Perceived Recovery Status as a Marker of Daily Recovery Following a High-Volume Back-Squat Protocol
Authors: Tolusso Danilo V. , Dobbs Ward C. , MacDonald Haley V. , Winchester Lee J. , Laurent C. Matthew , Fedewa Michael V. , Esco Michael R. 
Published: March 2022

Although a variety of tools to monitor recovery have been developed, many are impractical for daily use due to cost, time, and challenges with interpretation. The Perceived Recovery Status (PRS) scale was recently developed as an expeditious, noninvasive tool to assess recovery status. While PRS has been strongly associated with repeated sprinting performance, a paucity of research exists relating PRS and performance recovery following resistance exercise. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of PRS as a subjective marker of recovery up to 72 hours after a high-volume back-squat protocol. Methods: Eleven resistance-trained men reported to the laboratory on 5 separate occasions (1 familiarization session and 4 testing sessions). The first testing session was considered the baseline session and consisted of a nonfatiguing performance assessment (ie, countermovement jumps and back squats) and a fatiguing back-squat protocol of 8 sets of 10 at 70% 1-repetition maximum separated by 2 minutes of recovery. Participants returned 24, 48, and 72 hours following baseline to provide a PRS rating and complete the performance assessment. Results: Repeated-measures correlations revealed strong associations between PRS countermovement jump (r = .84) and mean bar velocity (r = .80) (both P < .001). Conclusions: The current findings suggest that PRS can be used as a method to effectively assess daily recovery following a fatiguing bout of resistance exercise. Practitioners are cautioned that the relationship between PRS and performance recovery is individualized, and equivalent PRS scores between individuals are not indicative of similar recovery.
Caring in the silences: why physicians and surgeons do not discuss emergency care and treatment planning with their patients — an analysis of hospital-based ethnographic case studies in England
Authors: Eli Karin , Hawkes Claire , Perkins Gavin D , Slowther Anne-Marie , Griffiths Frances 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDespite increasing emphasis on integrating emergency care and treatment planning (ECTP) into routine medical practice, clinicians continue to delay or avoid ECTP conversations with patients. However, little is known about the clinical logics underlying barriers to ECTP conversations.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop an ethnographic account of how and why clinicians defer and avoid ECTP conversations, and how they rationalise these decisions as they happen.DesignA multisited ethnographic study.SettingMedical, orthopaedic and surgical wards in hospitals within four acute National Health Service trusts in England.ParticipantsThirty-four doctors were formally observed and 32 formally interviewed. Following an ethnographic case study approach, six cases were selected for in-depth analysis.AnalysisFieldnote data were triangulated with interview data, to develop a ‘thick description’ of each case. Using a conceptual framework of care, the analysis highlighted the clinical logics underlying these cases.ResultsThe deferral or avoidance of ECTP conversations was driven by concerns over caring well, with clinicians attempting to optimise both medical and bedside practice. Conducting an ECTP conversation carefully meant attending to patients’ and relatives’ emotions and committing sufficient time for an in-depth discussion. However, conversation plans were often disrupted by issues related to timing and time constraints, leading doctors to defer these conversations, sometimes indefinitely. Additionally, whereas surgeons and geriatricians deferred conversations because they did not have the time to offer detailed discussions, emergency and acute medicine clinicians deferred conversations because the high-turnover ward environment, combined with patients’ acute conditions, meant triaging conversations to those most in need.ConclusionOvercoming barriers to ECTP conversations is not simply a matter of enhancing training or hospital policies, but of promoting good conversational practices that take into account the affordances of hospital time and space, as well as clinicians’ understandings of caring well.
Long COVID and episodic disability: advancing the conceptualisation, measurement and knowledge of episodic disability among people living with Long COVID – protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: O'Brien Kelly K , Brown Darren A , Bergin Colm , Erlandson Kristine M , Vera Jaime H , Avery Lisa , Carusone Soo Chan , Cheung Angela M , Goulding Susie , Harding Richard , McCorkell Lisa , O'Hara Margaret , Robinson Larry , Thomson Catherine , Wei Hannah , St Clair-Sullivan Natalie , Torres Brittany , Bannan Ciaran , Roche Niamh , Stokes Ruth , Gayle Patriic , Solomon Patricia 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionAs the prevalence of Long COVID increases, there is a critical need for a comprehensive assessment of disability. Our aims are to: (1) characterise disability experiences among people living with Long COVID in Canada, UK, USA and Ireland; and (2) develop a patient-reported outcome measure to assess the presence, severity and episodic nature of disability with Long COVID.Methods and analysisIn phase 1, we will conduct semistructured interviews with adults living with Long COVID to explore experiences of disability (dimensions, uncertainty, trajectories, influencing contextual factors) and establish an episodic disability (ED) framework in the context of Long COVID (n~10 each country). Using the conceptual framework, we will establish the Long COVID Episodic Disability Questionnaire (EDQ). In phase 2, we will examine the validity (construct, structural) and reliability (internal consistency, test–retest) of the EDQ for use in Long COVID. We will electronically administer the EDQ and four health status criterion measures with adults living with Long COVID, and readminister the EDQ 1 week later (n~170 each country). We will use Rasch analysis to refine the EDQ, and confirm structural and cross-cultural validity. We will calculate Cronbach’s alphas (internal consistency reliability), and intraclass correlation coefficients (test–retest reliability), and examine correlations for hypotheses theorising relationships between EDQ and criterion measure scores (construct validity). Using phase 2 data, we will characterise the profile of disability using structural equation modelling techniques to examine relationships between dimensions of disability and the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic contextual factors. This research involves an academic–clinical–community partnership building on foundational work in ED measurement, Long COVID and rehabilitation.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the University of Toronto Research Ethics Board. Knowledge translation will occur with community collaborators in the form of presentations and publications in open access peer-reviewed journals and presentations.
Immunotherapy combining tumor and endothelium cell lysis with immune enforcement by recombinant MIP-3α Newcastle disease virus in a vessel-targeting liposome enhances antitumor immunity
Authors: Wang Jin-Yan , Chen Hengyu , Dai Shu-Zhen , Huang Feng-Ying , Lin Ying-Ying , Wang Cai-Chun , Li Lei , Zheng Wu-Ping , Tan Guang-Hong 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSeveral agents for oncolytic immunotherapy have been approved for clinical use, but monotherapy is modest for most oncolytic agents. The combination of several therapeutic strategies through recombinant and nanotechnology to engineer multifunctional oncolytic viruses for oncolytic immunotherapy is a promising strategy.MethodsAn endothelium-targeting iRGD-liposome encapsulating a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which expresses the dendritic cell (DC) chemokine MIP-3α (iNDV3α-LP), and three control liposomes were constructed. MIP-3α, HMGB1, IgG, and ATP were detected by western blotting or ELISA. The chemotaxis of DCs was examined by Transwell chambers. The phenotypes of the immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The antitumor efficiency was investigated in B16 and 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization of liposomes, molecular expression and angiogenesis. Synergistic index was calculated using the data of tumor volume, tumor angiogenesis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.ResultsCompared with NDV-LP, treatment with iNDV3α-LP and NDV3α-LP induced stronger virus replication and cell lysis in B16 and 4T1 tumor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with the best response observed following iNDV3α-LP treatment. B16 and 4T1 cells treated with iNDV3α-LP produced more damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, including secreted HMGB1, ATP, and calreticulin. Moreover, iNDV3α-LP specifically bound to αvβ3-expressing 4T1 cells and HUVECs and to tumor neovasculature. Tumor growth was significantly suppressed, and survival was longer in iNDV3α-LP-treated B16-bearing and 4T1-bearing mice. A mechanism study showed that iNDV3α-LP treatment initiated the strongest tumor-specific cellular and humoral immune response. Moreover, iNDV3α-LP treatment could significantly suppress tumor angiogenesis and reverse the tumor immune suppressive microenvironment in both B16-bearing and 4T1-bearing mice.ConclusionsIn this study, iNDV3α-LP had several functions, such as tumor and vessel lysis, MIP-3α immunotherapy, and binding to αvβ3-expressing tumor and its neovasculature. iNDV3α-LP treatment significantly suppressed tumor angiogenesis and reversed the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. These findings offer a strong rationale for further clinical investigation into a combination strategy for oncolytic immunotherapy, such as the formulation iNDV3α-LP in this study.
Drivers of non-zero physician global scores during periods of inactive disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Alongi Alessandra , Giancane Gabriella , Naddei Roberta , Natoli Valentina , Ridella Francesca , Burrone Marco , Rosina Silvia , Chedeville Gaelle , Alexeeva Ekaterina , Horneff Gerd , Foeldvari Ivan , Filocamo Giovanni , Constantin Tamàs , Ruperto Nicolino , Ravelli Angelo , Consolaro Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency in which the physician provides a global assessment of disease activity (PhGA) >0 and an active joint count (AJC)=0 in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and search for determinants of divergence between the two measures.MethodsData were extracted from a multinational cross-sectional dataset of 9966 patients who had JIA by International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria, were recruited between 2011 and 2016, and had both PhGA and AJC recorded by the caring paediatric rheumatologist at the study visit. Determinants of discordance between PhGA>0 and AJC=0 were searched for by multivariable logistic regression and dominance analyses.ResultsThe PhGA was scored >0 in 1647 (32.3%) of 5103 patients who had an AJC of 0. Independent associations with discordant assessment were identified for tender or restricted joint count >0, history of enthesitis, presence of active uveitis or systemic features, enthesitis-related or systemic arthritis, increased acute phase reactants, pain visual analogue scale (VAS)>0, and impaired physical or psychosocial well-being. In dominance analysis, tender joint count accounted for 35.43% of PhGA variance, followed by pain VAS>0 (17.72%), restricted joint count >0 (16.14%) and physical health score >0 (11.42%).ConclusionWe found that many paediatric rheumatologists did not mark a score of 0 for patients who they found not to have active joints. The presence of pain in joints not meeting the definition of active joint used in JIA was the main determinant of this phenomenon.
Towards quarkonium formation time determination
Authors: Ferreiro E. G. , Fleuret F. , Maurice E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe propose a parametrization of the nuclear absorption mechanism relying on the proper time spent by $${c} {{{\overline{{c}}}}} $$

c

c
¯

bound states travelling in nuclear matter. Our approach could lead to the extraction of charmonium formation time. It is based on a large amount of proton-nucleus data, from nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies $${\sqrt{s_{NN}}} =27{\mathrm {\,Ge V}} $$

s

NN

=
27

Ge
V

to $${\sqrt{s_{NN}}} =5.02{\mathrm {\,Te V}} $$

s

NN

=
5.02

Te
V

, collected in the past 30 years, and for which the main effect on charmonium production must be its absorption by the nuclear matter it crosses.
Single- and two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in rare gases for gridded ion thruster diagnostics
Authors: Eichhorn Christoph , Pietzonka Lukas , Scholze Frank , Bundesmann Carsten , Spemann Daniel , Neumann Horst , Leiter Hans J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMethods based on laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy are widely used for spatially resolved non-intrusive diagnostics of atomic or molecular densities and velocity distributions in plasma applications. With regard to electric space propulsion, one focus is on the investigation of rare gases such as xenon or krypton, which are currently the favored propellants in gridded ion- and Hall-effect thrusters. For gridded ion engines, diagnostics of neutral atoms is of interest since charge-exchange processes between neutrals and ions are the main driver of accelerator grid erosion, which limits the lifetime of a gridded ion thruster. Extending the capabilities of the advanced electric propulsion diagnostics platform which has been developed by the IOM and partners, single- and two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics have been set-up recently at our institute. Both experimental set-ups, and as a series of first applications, measurements of krypton neutrals in the plume of the radiofrequency ion thruster RIT-10 (ArianeGroup GmbH), and xenon neutrals within the discharge chamber of a gridded radiofrequency ion source developed at IOM, are presented.