bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State of the Art and Uses for the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS): New Additions, Revisions, and Citation References
Authors: Bocci Giovanni , Oprea Tudor I. , Benet Leslie Z. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification system (BDDCS) is a four-class approach based on water solubility and extent of metabolism/permeability rate. Based on the BDDCS class to which a drug is assigned, it is possible to predict the role of metabolic enzymes and transporters on the drug disposition of a new molecular entity (NME) prior to its administration to animals or humans. Here, we report a total of 1475 drugs and active metabolites to which the BDDCS is applied. Of these, 379 are new entries, and 1096 are revisions of former classification studies with the addition of references for the approved maximum dose strength, extent of the systemically available drug excreted unchanged in the urine, and lowest solubility over the pH range 1.0–6.8 when such information is available in the literature. We detail revised class assignments of previously misclassified drugs and the literature analyses to classify new drugs. We review the process of solubility assessment for NMEs prior to drug dosing in humans and approved dose classification, as well as the comparison of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) versus BDDCS assignment. We detail the uses of BDDCS in predicting, prior to dosing animals or humans, disposition characteristics, potential brain penetration, food effect, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) potential. This work provides an update on the current status of the BDDCS and its uses in the drug development process.
Graphical abstract
Optimization of robustness based on reinforced nodes in a modular network
Authors: Kfir-Cohen Yael , Vaknin Ben Porath Dana , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many networks such as critical infrastructures exhibit a modular structure. One approach to increase the robustness of these systems is to reinforce a fraction of the nodes so that the reinforced nodes provide additional needed sources for themselves as well as for their nearby neighborhood. Since reinforcing a node can be expensive, the efficiency of the decentralization process by reinforced nodes is vital. Here we develop a model which combines both modularity and reinforced nodes and study the robustness of the system. Using tools from percolation theory, we derive an analytical solution for the robustness resulting from any partition of reinforced nodes; between nodes that have links that connect between modules and nodes which have links only within modules. We find that near the critical percolation threshold the robustness is greatly affected by the partition. In particular, we find a partition of reinforced nodes that yields optimal robustness and we show that the optimal partition remains constant for high average degrees.
Tandem C2 domains mediate dynamic organelle targeting of a DOCK family guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Authors: Mallery Eileen L. , Yanagisawa Makoto , Zhang Chunhua , Lee Youngwoo , Robles Linda M. , Alonso Jose M. , Szymanski Daniel B. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Multicellular organisms use dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) family guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) to activate Rac/Rho-of-plants small GTPases and coordinate cell shape change. In developing tissues, DOCK signals integrate cell-cell interactions with cytoskeleton remodeling, and the GEFs cluster reversibly at specific organelle surfaces to orchestrate cytoskeletal reorganization. The domain organizations among DOCK orthologs are diverse, and the mechanisms of localization control are poorly understood. Here, we use combinations of transgene complementation and live-cell imaging assays to uncover an evolutionarily conserved and essential localization determinant in the DOCK-GEF named SPIKE1. The SPIKE1-DHR3 domain is sufficient for organelle association in vivo, and displays a complicated lipid-binding selectivity for both phospholipid head groups and fatty acid chain saturation. SPIKE1-DHR3 is predicted to adopt a C2-domain structure and functions as part of a tandem C2 array that enables reversible clustering at the cell apex. This work provides mechanistic insight into how DOCK GEFs sense compositional and biophysical membrane properties at the interface of two organelle systems.
Multimodality imaging of breast hematomas and their mimickers
Authors: Molière Sébastien 
Published: February 2022

While breast hematomas are common, their imaging features are often underrecognized or mistaken for other conditions. Diagnosis of acute hematomas is generally easy when associated with a recent history of breast trauma, surgery, or percutaneous biopsy. However, minor trauma might not always be remembered, and breast hematoma might have longlasting imaging manifestations when associated with fat necrosis. Also, because of the increasing use of breast MRI and FDG-PET/CT, breast hematomas are increasingly detected as incidentalomas and may mimic malignancies. Conversely, breast hematomas may also be associated with authentic malignant processes. In this pictorial review, we present the natural history of breast hematomas, their various imaging features, as well as their differential diagnoses, highlighting the situations requiring histopathological correlation.
Interobserver variation in the interpretation of magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Bhatnagar Gauraang , Mallett Sue , Quinn Laura , Beable Richard , Bungay Helen , Betts Margaret , Greenhalgh Rebecca , Gupta Arun , Higginson Anthony , Hyland Rachel , Ilangovan Rajapandian , Lambie Hannah , Mainta Evgenia , Patel Uday , Pilcher James , Plumb Andrew , Porté François , Sidhu Harbir , Slater Andrew , Tolan Damian , Zealley Ian , Halligan Steve , Taylor Stuart 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate interobserver variability for diagnosis of disease presence and extent of small bowel and colonic Crohn’s disease using MR enterography (MRE)

Methods:
Data from the first 73 consecutive patients (mean age 32, 33F, 28 new diagnosis, 45 suspected relapse) recruited to a multicentre, prospective diagnostic accuracy trial evaluating MRE for small bowel Crohn’s disease were each read independently by three (from a pool of 20) radiologists. Radiologists documented presence and segmental location of small bowel Crohn’s disease and recorded morphological mural/extramural parameters for involved segments. Per patient percentage agreement for disease presence and extent were calculated against an outcome-based construct reference standard (averaged between pairs of readers). Prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted κ (PABAK) was calculated.

Results:
Agreement for small bowel disease presence for new diagnosis/relapsed patients was 68%(κ = 0.36)/ 78% (κ = 0.56) and 43%(κ = 0.14)/ 53% for disease extent (κ = 0.07), respectively. For disease presence, all three radiologists agreed correctly with the reference standard in 41/59 (69%) of patients with small bowel involvement, and in 8/14 (57%) cases of without small bowel disease. Agreement was highest for multisegment disease, greater than 5 cm in length, with mural thickness&gt;6 mm, and increased mural T2 signal. Agreement for colonic disease presence was 61% (κ = 0.21 fair agreement) for new diagnosis/ 60% (κ = 0.20, slight agreement) for relapsed patients.

Conclusion:
There is a reasonable agreement between radiologists for small bowel disease presence using MRE for newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease, and patients with suspected relapse, respectively. Agreement is lower for disease extent.

Advances in knowledge:
There is reasonable agreement between radiologists for small bowel disease presence using MRE for newly diagnosed (68%) Crohn’s disease, and patients with suspected relapse (78%). Agreement is lower for disease extent (43% new diagnosis and 53% suspected relapse).
Detection of the disease activity with ankylosing spondylitis through intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging of sacroiliac joint
Authors: Liu Li , Zhou Zhimin , Hua Sunyu , Xue Leixi , Zhu Jiangtao , Liu Rong , Li Yong 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To explore the value of the quantitative parameter of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion (IVIM-DWI) at 3.0 T MRI of the sacroiliac joint in differentiating different disease activity statuses of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to compare it with traditional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) score. Methods: 56 AS patients (active group, inactive group) and 24 healthy controls were included. Clinical data, quantitative parameters of IVIM-DWI MR images and the SPARCC scores were collected. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the differences between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of histogram data and the SPARCC scores identified the efficacy of the three groups. The Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyse the correlation between the quantitative IVIIM-DWI parameters and the SPARCC score. Results: The f (10th percentile) and SPARCC score of the active group were significantly higher than those of the inactive group. The f (10th, 25th, 50th percentiles), Dslow (average, entropy, 10th ~ 90 th percentiles), Dfast (kurtosis, skewness), ADC (average, 10th ~ 90 th percentiles) and the SPARCC score of the active group were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). The AUC of the SPARCC score was the highest (0.799) in the identification between the active and inactive groups, and the sensitivity and specificity were 69.23 and 82.35%, respectively, at the cut-off value of 12. The SPARCC score was positively correlated with each percentile and the average value. Conclusions: Quantitative IVIIM-DWI parameters are helpful for the identification of different AS disease activity levels and are superior to traditional DWI. IVIM-DWI quantitative parameters had a good correlation with the SPARCC score. Advances in knowledge: A new MR technology-quantitative parameters of IVIM-DWI contribute to the identification of AS disease activity. IVIM-DWI quantitative parameters were well correlated with the SPARCC score.
Construction of a compact off-axis three-mirror reflective system
Authors: Mi Zhaoxun , Li Zexiao , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2022

Off-axis reflective optical systems have been widely used due to the nature of miniaturization and no obscuration. However, it is difficult to control the desired system structure during the designation and optimization, especially to maintain the compact system structure. In this paper, a constructing method of off-axis reflective optical systems is proposed to achieve the compact feature. The structure construction combines the constraints of the aberration and the system structure. Multiple parameters of aberration (optical performance) and the mirror coordinates (system structure) are simultaneously optimized to obtain the initial structure using the genetic algorithm. The initial structure is compact, unobscured, and remains less difficult to optimize. A compact off-axis three-mirror reflective system was designed with an entrance pupil diameter of 90 mm, a focal length of 405 mm, and a field of view of

3

∘

×

3

∘

. Each mirror is expressed by an XY polynomial to achieve optimized optical performance.
Highly sensitive metamaterial-based microwave sensor for the application of milk and dairy products
Authors: Abdulkarim Yadgar I. , Bakır Mehmet , Yaşar İbrahim , Ulutaş Hasan , Karaaslan Muharrem , Özkan Alkurt Fatih , Sabah Cumali , Dong Jian 
Published: February 2022

In this work, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, metamaterial-based microwave sensor is designed, numerically simulated, and experimentally tested for milk and dairy products in the frequency range of 8 to 9 GHz. The proposed structure is composed of copper split-ring resonators printed on Arlon Diclad 527 dielectric substrate. Reflection coefficientS11was determined by using numerical simulation, and the structure was experimentally tested to validate the sensor at the X band frequency. The material under the test was placed in the sensor layer just behind the proposed structure, and the design was optimized to sense the change in the dielectric constant via resonance frequency shifts. The proposed study was not only used for fat contents and freshness checking of milk, it was also applied to other dairy products such as cheese, ayran, and yogurt. The maximum resonance frequency shift was observed in yogurt to be 140 MHz, and the minimum frequency shift was observed in fresh and spoiled ayran to be around 40 MHz. This work provides a new approach to the current metamaterial sensor studies existing in literature by having novel material applications with new microwave metamaterial sensors.
All-optical aggregation and distribution of traffic in large metropolitan area networks using multi-Tb/s S-BVTs
Authors: Rapisarda Mariangela , Hernández José Alberto , Gatto Alberto , Parolari Paola , Boffi Pierpaolo , Svaluto Moreolo Michela , Fábrega Josep Maria , Nadal Laia , Martínez Ricardo , López Víctor , Fernández-Palacios Juan-Pedro , Otero Gabriel , Larrabeiti David 
Published: February 2022

Current metropolitan area network architectures are based on a number of hierarchical levels that aggregate traffic toward the core at the IP layer. In this setting, routers are interconnected by means of fixed transceivers operating on a point-to-point basis where the rates of transceivers need to match. This implies a great deal of intermediate transceivers to collect traffic and groom and send it to the core. This paper proposes an alternative scheme based on sliceable bandwidth/bitrate variable transceivers (S-BVTs) where the slice-ability property is exploited to perform the aggregation of traffic from multiple edges

n

-to-1 rather than 1-to-1. This approach can feature relevant cost reductions through IP offloading at intermediate transit nodes but requires viable optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) margins for all-optical transmission through the network. In this work, we prove through simulation the viability and applicability of this technique in large metro networks with a vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser-based S-BVT design to target net capacities per channel of 25, 40, and 50 Gb/s. The study reveals that this technology can support most of the paths required for IP offloading after simulation in a semi-synthetic topology modeling a 20-million-inhabitant metropolitan area. Moreover, OSNR margins enable the use of protection paths (secondary disjoint paths) between the target node and the core much longer than primary paths in terms of both the number of intermediate hops and kilometers.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding schistosomiasis infection and prevention: A mixed-methods study among endemic communities of western Uganda
Authors: Anyolitho Maxson Kenneth , Poels Karolien , Huyse Tine , Tumusiime Julius , Mugabi Faith , Tolo Casim Umba , Masquillier Caroline , Nyakato Viola Nilah 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
In Uganda, schistosomiasis (re)infections have continued to remain high despite the implementation of mass drug administration and sensitization campaigns aimed at controlling the disease. This could imply that there are some barriers to the implemented preventive measures. We conducted a mixed-methods study in Kagadi and Ntoroko districts around Lake Albert to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding schistosomiasis and to explore and understand perspectives regarding the disease.

Materials and methods
Semi-structured survey questionnaires were administered to 337 household adults selected through systematic random sampling. We also interviewed 12 participants and held 28 focus-group discussion sessions with 251 individuals respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, and chi-square tests for associations, while themes and sub-themes were used to analyse qualitative data respectively.

Findings
A total of 98.5%, 81.3%, and 78.5% had heard about schistosomiasis, and knew the main transmission modes and symptoms, respectively. The majority (75.8%) said avoiding contact with water was a preventative way, while 67.5% said observing signs and symptoms was a form of diagnosis. Furthermore, 98.4% and 73.4% said it was important to defecate in latrines and to avoid contact with contaminated water respectively. However, it is difficult to avoid contact with lake water because it is the only source of livelihood, especially for fisher communities. Open defecation is commonly practiced along the lake due to insufficient space and difficulties in the construction of latrines. Myths and misconceptions reported include; lake water is safe, gassing in water causes transmission, fetching water early in the morning and from deep water is safe, and feces in the lake water act as a bait for catching fish.

Conclusions and recommendations
Despite adequate knowledge of schistosomiasis and a positive attitude towards its prevention, existing myths and misconceptions, coupled with persistent risky water, sanitation, and hygiene practices still pose a challenge. A more robust community-based awareness intervention using bottom-up participatory approaches, accompanied by the provision of clean and safe water sources and increasing latrine coverage, could provide lasting solutions to these barriers.
The effect of weight loss interventions in truck drivers: Systematic review
Authors: Pritchard Elizabeth K. , Kim Hyunjin Christina , Nguyen Nicola , van Vreden Caryn , Xia Ting , Iles Ross 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTruck driving is the most common vocation among males internationally with a high proportion overweight/obese due to a combination of work and lifestyle factors leading to health complications. With limited studies in this area, this systematic review aimed to identify and describe interventions addressing weight reduction in truck drivers.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched, January 2000 to June 2020 (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus). Inclusion criteria: experimental primary studies, long-distance (≥500 kms) truck drivers, peer reviewed publications in English. Weight loss interventions included physical activity, diet, behavioral therapy, or health promotion/education programs. Exclusions: non-interventional studies, medications or surgical interventions. Two independent researchers completed screening, risk of bias (RoB) and data extraction with discrepancies managed by a third. Study descriptors, intervention details and outcomes were extracted.ResultsSeven studies (two RCTs, five non-RCTs,) from three countries were included. Six provided either counselling/coaching or motivational interviewing in combination with other components e.g. written resources, online training, provision of exercise equipment. Four studies demonstrated significant effects with a combined approach, however, three had small sample sizes (<29). The effect sizes for 5/7 studies were medium to large size (5/7 studies), indicating likely clinical significance. RoB assessment revealed some concerns (RCTs), and for non-RCTs; one moderate, two serious and two with critical concerns. Based on the small number of RCTs and the biases they contain, the overall level of evidence in this topic is weak.ConclusionInterventions that include a combination of coaching and other resources may provide successful weight reduction for truck drivers and holds clinical significance in guiding the development of future interventions in this industry. However, additional trials across varied contexts with larger sample populations are needed.
Virtually Augmented Self-Hypnosis applied to endovascular interventions (VA-HYPO): Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Authors: Qanadli Salah D. , Gudmundsson Louis , Gullo Giuseppe , Ponti Alexandre , Saltiel Sarah , Jouannic Anne-Marie , Faouzi Mohamed , Rotzinger David C. 
Published: February 2022

Endovascular interventions (EVI) are increasingly performed as minimally-invasive alternatives to surgery and have many advantages, including a decreased need for general anesthesia. However, EVI can be stressful for patients and often lead to anxiety and pain related to the procedure. The use of local anesthetics, anxiolytics, and analgesic drugs can help avoid general anesthesia. Nevertheless, these drugs have potential side effects. Alternative nonpharmacological therapies can improve patients’ experience during conscious interventions and reduce the need for additional medications. The added value of virtually augmented self-hypnosis (VA-HYPO) and its potential to reduce pain and anxiety during peripheral and visceral arterial and venous EVI is unknown. This is a prospective two-arm trial designed to randomize 100 patients in two groups according to the use or not of VA-HYPO during peripheral EVI as a complementary nonpharmacological technique to improve patient comfort. The main objective is to compare per-procedural anxiety, and the secondary aim is to compare the rated per-procedural pain in both groups. The potential significance is that VA-HYPO may improve patients’ experience during peripheral and visceral arterial and venous EVI and other minimally invasive interventions performed under local anesthesia.
Trial registration: Our study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov, with trial registration number: NCT04561596.
Acute changes in handgrip strength, lung function and health-related quality of life following cardiac surgery
Authors: Mgbemena Nnamdi , Jones Anne , Saxena Pankaj , Ang Nicholas , Senthuran Siva , Leicht Anthony 
Published: February 2022

Background
Handgrip strength (HGS), lung function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are relevant indicators of future cardiovascular risk and mortality. The impact of cardiac surgery on these predictive variables has been under-explored. The aim of this study was to determine the acute (within hospital) changes in HGS, lung function and HRQoL, and their relationships, in adults undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Further, the study examined the relationship between these variables and the predictors for lung function and HRQoL in these patients.

Methods
The study was a prospective cohort study that involved 101 patients who completed pre-operative (1–2 days before surgery) and physiotherapy discharge (5–7 days after surgery) assessments. Handgrip strength, lung function and HRQoL were assessed using JAMAR dynamometers, Vitalograph-Alpha or EasyOne spirometer, and Short-Form 36 questionnaire, respectively. Changes in these variables and their relationships were analysed using paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively. Prediction of lung function and HRQoL using HGS and other co-variates was conducted using regression analysis.

Results
At the time of physiotherapy discharge, lung function, HGS and the physical component of HRQoL were significantly (<0.001) reduced compared to their pre-operative values. Significant (<0.001) and moderate correlations were identified between HGS and lung function at pre-operation and physiotherapy discharge. Handgrip strength was a significant predictor of lung function pre-operatively but not at physiotherapy discharge. Pre-operative lung function and HRQoL, as well as other variables, were significant predictors of lung function and HRQoL during physiotherapy discharge.

Conclusions
Undergoing cardiac surgery acutely and significantly reduced lung function, HGS and physical component of HRQoL in adults with cardiac disease. Assessment of HGS at physiotherapy discharge may be a poor indicator of operative changes in lung function and HRQoL. Clinicians may consider HGS as an inadequate tool in predicting lung function and HRQoL following cardiac surgery.