bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease initiating single-device inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β2-agonist dual therapy in a primary care setting in England
Authors: Czira Alexandrosz , Banks Victoria , Requena Gema , Wood Robert , Tritton Theo , Wild Rosie , Compton Chris , Duarte Maria , Ismaila Afisi S 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTreatment pathways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving single-device dual therapies in England remain unclear. This study describes the characteristics of patients with COPD before initiating treatment with a single-device inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABA) in primary care in England.MethodsThis is a retrospective, descriptive study of linked primary and secondary healthcare data (Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, Hospital Episode Statistics). Patients with COPD were indexed on first prescription of fixed-dose, single-device ICS/LABA (June 2015–December 2018). Demographics, clinical characteristics, prescribed treatments, healthcare resource use (HCRU) and direct healthcare costs were assessed over 12 months pre-index. Incident users (indexed on first ever prescription) could be non-triple users (no concomitant long-acting muscarinic antagonist at index); a subset were initial maintenance therapy (IMT) users (no history of pre-index maintenance therapy).ResultsOverall, 13 451 incident users (non-triple users: 7448, 55.4%; IMT users: 5162, 38.4%) were indexed on beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol (6122, 45.5%), budesonide/formoterol (2703, 20.1%) or Other ICS/LABA combinations (4626, 34.4%). Overall, 20.8% of incident users had comorbid asthma and 42.6% had ≥1 moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation of COPD pre-index. Baseline characteristics were similar across indexed therapies. At 3 months pre-index, 45.3% and 35.4% of non-triple and IMT users were receiving maintenance treatment. HCRU and direct healthcare costs were similar across indexed treatments. Prescribing patterns varied regionally.ConclusionPatient characteristics, prior treatments, prior COPD-related HCRU and direct healthcare costs were similar across single-device ICS/LABAs in primary care in England. A high proportion of patients were not receiving any respiratory medication pre-index, indicating that prescribing in primary care in England is more closely aligned with national guidelines than global treatment strategies. Comorbid asthma may have influenced prescribing decisions. Less than half of users had preindex exacerbations, suggesting that ICS/LABA is not being prescribed principally based on exacerbation history.
Emergency medicine resident perspectives on well-being during COVID-19: a qualitative study
Authors: Agarwal Anish , Sangha Hareena , Deutsch Amanda , Spadaro Anthony , Gonzales Rachel , Goldenring Jacob , Mamtani Mira , Conlon Lauren W , Scott Kevin 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundEmergency medicine (EM) clinician well-being has been negatively impacted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Resident physicians are particularly vulnerable yet less is known about their perspectives.MethodsThe objective of this study was to use qualitative methods to understand EM residents’ perspectives on well-being during COVID-19. EM residents at an urban, academic institution in the USA were recruited via email and participated in virtual, semi-structured interviews between November 2020 and February 2021. Interviews were conducted by a trained qualitative researcher, recorded, transcribed and de-identified by a third party vendor. All transcripts were double coded by two trained study team members using thematic analysis to identify the themes and interviews were stopped when no new themes emerged.ResultsSeventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was reached with residents in their first 4 years of training: 6 postgraduate year (PGY)-1 (35%), 6 PGY-2 (35%), 2 PGY-3 (12%) and 3 PGY-4 (18%). Five themes were identified: (1) isolation from peers in training contrasting with a collective call to action, (2) desire for increased acknowledgement and structured leadership support, (3) concerns about personal needs and safety within the clinical environment, (4) fear of missed educational opportunities and lack of professional development and (5) need for enhanced mental and physical health resources.ConclusionsThis qualitative study elucidated factors inside and outside of the clinical environment which impacted EM resident well-being. The findings suggest that programme and health system leadership can focus on supporting peer-to-peer and faculty connections, structured guidance and mentorship on resident career development and develop programmes which bolster resident on-shift support and acknowledgement. These lessons can be used by training programmes to better support residents, but the generalisability is limited due to the single-centre design and participation.
Acculturation and risk of traffic crashes in young Asian-born Australian drivers
Authors: Boufous Soufiane , Möller Holger , Patton George , Woodward Mark , Stevenson Mark R , Senserrick Teresa , Mclean Rebecca , Cullen Patricia , Wang Amy , Rogers Kris , Chen Huei-Yang , Ivers Rebecca Q 
Published: September 2022

The study examines changes over time in crash risk differences between young Australian drivers born in Asia and those born in Australia.Data from the 2003 baseline survey of the DRIVE cohort of 20 806 young drivers aged 17–24 years were linked to police, hospital and death data up until 2016. The association between country of birth and crash was investigated using flexible parametric survival models adjusted for confounders.Six months after baseline, the crash risk in Asian-born drivers was less than half that of their Australian-born counterparts (mean HR, MHR 0.41; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.57), only to increase steadily over time to resemble that of Australian-born drivers 13 years later (MHR 0.94; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.36).This is likely to be associated with acculturation and the adoption by young Asian-born Australian drivers of driving behaviour patterns akin to those born locally. This needs to be considered in future road safety campaigns.
Competitive ability of western Canadian spring wheat cultivars in a model weed system
Authors: Gerard G. , Hucl P. , Holm F.A. , Kirkland K.J. , Johnson E. , Pozniak C.J. 
Published: September 2022

Economic and social pressures are spurring the study of alternate weed management strategies such as the development of competitive crop cultivars, capable of being used under an integrated management plan. The primary objective of this research was to determine whether western Canadian spring wheat ( Triticum spp.) cultivars differ in their ability to compete against model weeds and whether those differences were expressed when challenged with wild weeds. A total of 71 wheat cultivars were grown in the absence or presence of simulated [cultivated oat ( Avena sativa L.) and oriental mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)] or natural [wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)] weed competition conditions. Significant ( p = 0.01) weed by cultivar interactions involving changes in yield cultivar rank were detected, indicating that the cultivars responded differently to competition. A small minority of cultivars such as Glenlea, CDC Rama, Genesis, AC Taber, AC Vista, Plenty, Napoleon, and BW652 had high-yield potential coupled with yield maintenance under weed pressure. The competitive ability advantage appeared to be associated with plant height or tillers per square meter as well as shorter vernalization requirement combined with photoperiod sensitivity. These outlier cultivar differences could be exploited in breeding new widely adapted varieties for scenarios where reduced herbicide weed control is desired, including situations where herbicide resistance limits chemical options. Cultivars with differing competitive ability under model weed conditions maintained their ranking when challenged by natural weed infestations. This suggests that selecting competitive spring wheat cultivars using a repeatable protocol based on model weeds is realistic.
Exclusive lepton pair production at the electron–ion collider
Authors: Chwastowski Janusz J. , Piotrzkowski Krzysztof , Przybycien Mariusz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe two-photon exclusive production of lepton pairs at the Electron–Ion Collider will open interesting research directions thanks to a very high luminosity and clean experimental conditions. A survey of the scientific potential of such studies is reported. In particular, we consider unique measurements of the proton elastic electromagnetic form-factors and a possibility of studying the anomalous electromagnetic dipole moments of $$\tau $$
τ
leptons.
The FAIR Data Point: Interfaces and Tooling
Authors: Benhamed Oussama Mohammed , Burger Kees , Kaliyaperumal Rajaram , da Silva Santos Luiz Olavo Bonino , Suchánek Marek , Slifka Jan , Wilkinson Mark D. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTWhile the FAIR Principles do not specify a technical solution for ‘FAIRness’, it was clear from the outset of the FAIR initiative that it would be useful to have commodity software and tooling that would simplify the creation of FAIR-compliant resources. The FAIR Data Point is a metadata repository that follows the DCAT(2) schema, and utilizes the Linked Data Platform to manage the hierarchical metadata layers as LDP Containers. There has been a recent flurry of development activity around the FAIR Data Point that has significantly improved its power and ease-of-use. Here we describe five specific tools—an installer, a loader, two Web-based interfaces, and an indexer—aimed at maximizing the uptake and utility of the FAIR Data Point.
The Apostle of Failure: Queer Refusal, the Corinthian Letters, and Paul’s Unflattering Characterization in the Acts of Thecla
Authors: Daniel-Hughes Carly 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article examines the Acts of Thecla’s unflattering presentation of the character Paul, as part of the reception of Paul’s Corinthian letters into the second century. Informed by feminist and queer biblical interpretations of the Corinthian exchange, it shows how the Acts of Thecla picks up on tensions over authority with Paul’s teachings on baptism, eschatology, and sexual renunciation in its portrait of Paul. Engaging Jack Halberstam’s The Queer Art of Failure, the article suggests that the Acts of Thecla reads Paul’s letters this way in service of the social critique and queer antagonism that it holds up for its second and third century readers. Where Halberstam claims “queer failure” as resistance to capitalist profit, reproductive futurity, and neoliberal notions of success today, here Thecla’s story is read as a narrative of refusal in its own time. Paul’s muddled encounters with Thecla, steeped in the Corinthian exchange, it concludes, are central to this ancient tale about being, and improbably surviving, outside and at the edges of imperial, civic, and familial frames.
Learning With Donkeys – A “More-Than-Human” Approach to Animal-Assisted Activities
Authors: Clancy Cara , Cooke Fiona , Gorman Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The last twenty years have seen increased interest in animal-assisted therapy (AAT) and animal-assisted activity (AAA). However, there has been little research exploring these interactions as experienced by the animals themselves. In this paper, we bring a “more-than-human” lens to concepts and practices within AAA/T, synthesizing ideas about animal sentience and subjectivity that have emerged within animal geography scholarship and animal welfare science. We draw from empirical work with practitioners involved in donkey-facilitated learning (DFL) to examine the knowledge base of equine facilitators, including their beliefs, opinions, and assumptions about donkeys, their understanding of animal welfare, and their role in DFL. We discuss how knowledge of donkeys is mobilized to ensure more-than-human welfare during DFL; how animals’ “choice” to participate is encouraged and centered; how ideas of nonhuman labor create opportunities for considering more-than-human welfare; and how practitioners advocate for animals and embed practices of care for humans and nonhumans.
Susceptibility and host potential of six cucurbit crops to Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. floridensis, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica
Authors: Bui Hung X. , Desaeger Johan A. 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Cucurbits are economically important crops and very susceptible to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.; RKN) in Florida. A series of glasshouse and field trials were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility and host potential of different cucurbit crops to different RKN species. We tested the sensitivity of six cucurbit crops (squash, cucumber, cantaloupe, watermelon, smooth and angled luffa) that are commonly grown in Florida to some of the major RKN species, Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. floridensis, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica under glasshouse conditions. In addition, cucumber, squash and zucchini were also tested in two field trials. Meloidogyne incognita was more damaging to all six tested cucurbit crops than M. javanica and M. floridensis in terms of gall index, eggs (root system)−1, eggs (g root)−1 and reproduction factor. In another experiment, the same cucurbit crops suffered greater damage and allowed higher reproduction of M. enterolobii as compared to M. javanica. Meloidogyne hapla caused little damage to all six cucurbit crops and had low reproduction rates, with highest root gall ratings and reproduction for cucumber and cantaloupe, and lowest for watermelon and squash. Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. floridensis, M. incognita and M. javanica caused higher root gall ratings on cucumber and watermelon than on squash, cantaloupe and luffa. This was also noted in the field trials, where cucumber had consistently higher gall indices than squash and zucchini. Root-knot nematode reproduction rates were the highest on squash and cucumber, especially with M. incognita and M. enterolobii. While all cucurbits were good hosts for all tested RKN species, significant differences were noted among cucurbit crops and RKN species.
Huygens’s Carriole
Authors: Gauvin Jean-François 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Christiaan Huygens spent five years (between 1663 and 1668) deeply involved in carriage design and manufacturing. This method of transportation, essential to living a honest bourgeois life in European cities, especially in Paris, where the streets’ muck was glorious, took many forms and concerned more than specialized artisans. Several members of Huygens’s family took an interest in improving this technology. The article, in detailing Huygens’s commitment to a distinct type of urban commodity, seeks to exemplify the savant’s early method of creating new technical knowledge. Questions were raised from theoretical and craft perspectives; securing patents and authorship became a crucial feature of knowledge making. From such concerns regarding a fast-evolving and transformative urban commodity, the article argues that Huygens’s approach to carriage design is another instance that conditioned him to respond effectively to the several priority disputes he would face during his lifetime regarding other technological devices, especially his balance-spring watch.
Middle Point, End of the Road or Just the Beginning? Anticorruption Efforts, Failures and Promises at the United Nations
Authors: Villarino José-Miguel Bello y 
Published: September 2022

Although first noted discussions at the United Nations (UN) level about corruption are reaching their 50th anniversary, the core of the UN activity against corruption has taken place in the last quarter of a century. The 2021 special debate at the UN General Assembly was an opportunity for the institution to pause and reflect about its role over this period in the international fight against corruption. It also presented a (partially missed) opportunity for the UN to renew its commitment and reconsider its approach for the next 25 years. This article provides first an overview of the UN activity against corruption, which relies on two main pillars. On the one hand, the well-known United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) in force since 2005, which has received remarkable academic attention and is an example of success in terms of ratifications. On the other hand, the insertion in Sustainable Development Goal 16 of an anticorruption objective (16.5) and its related indicators, which is not as widely acknowledged by anticorruption activists and scholars but serves as a recognition of the importance of tackling corruption in the development context.
The article offers a historical contextualisation of both initiatives, analyses this dual approach and explores the impact of these initiatives in the global and domestic contexts. Based on previous research from the author, it highlights their joint value as a true global statement against corruption and an authoritative recognition of its damaging effects and their importance for peace, security, development, human rights and human wellbeing. The article presents, nevertheless, a critical analysis showing their shortcomings and the lack of a real effect of these instruments in overcoming or at least reducing corruption and kleptocracy at the international level. It proposes three different avenues within the UN mandate and fields of action that could guide newer initiatives. First, it explores the possibility of individual (non-criminal) ‘smart’ sanctions, modelled on the counter-terrorism regime driven by national governments, but assisted by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Second, the article considers how the economic and trade dimension of the UN, especially at the regional economic commissions level, could be reinvigorated with a mandate to tackle corruption through economic instruments. Third, it analyses how an optional protocol to the UNCAC could give more ‘teeth’ to the Convention. The general conclusion is that the UN, within its existing powers, has significant potential to take anticorruption initiatives a step further as the current ones have almost exhausted their shelf life.
On the History of the Princeton University Library Collection of Islamic Manuscripts
Authors: Davidson Garrett 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Princeton University’s collection of Islamic manuscripts is by far the largest collection of its kind in the Western hemisphere and one of the most valuable collections in the world. It consists of some 13,500 manuscripts with diverse origins in public and private libraries from the Western to the Eastern Islamic lands. The collection is not only notable for its size and diversity, but also its quality, containing a large number of autograph and otherwise unique manuscripts. Despite its importance, its histories and provenances have not been the subject of an in-depth study. This paper begins to fill this lacuna. Drawing on a number of previously unstudied archival and documentary sources, including personal correspondence and paratextual manuscript notes, the article traces the development of the sub-collections, studies the collectors who built them, their methods and sources, and tells the stories of their collections’ journeys to Princeton.
Discordance among assays for monitoring? Anticoagulation during extracorporeal life support
Authors: Scott Erik J , Rotar Evan , Dahl Jolian J , Beller Jared P , Money Dustin T , Chancellor W Z , Mehaffey J H , Morisette Matt , Yarboro Leora T , Teman Nicholas R 
Published: September 2022

Objectives The optimal method for monitoring of anticoagulation in patients on extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between anti-factor Xa level (anti-Xa; IU/mL) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT; seconds) for monitoring intravenous unfractionated heparin anticoagulation in adult ECLS patients. Methods Charts of all adult patients cannulated for ECLS from 2015 through 2017 were reviewed and laboratory and heparin infusion data were extracted for analysis. Time matched pairs of anti-Xa and aPTT were considered concordant if both laboratory values were within the same clinically utilized range. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with discordance while accounting for patient level effects. Results A total of 1016 paired anti-Xa and aPTT values from 65 patients were evaluated. 500 (49.2%) paired samples were discordant with a degree of variability on linear regression ( r 2 = 0.315). The aPTT fell into a higher therapeutic range compared to the anti-Xa in 31.6% and lower in 17.3%. Logistic regression demonstrated that discordance was independently associated with time from initiation of ECLS (OR 1.17 per day, p < 0.001), average heparin infusion rate (OR 1.25 per U/kg/hr, p < 0.001), and INR (OR 3.22, p < 0.001). Conclusions Nearly half of all aPTT and anti-Xa values were in discordant ranges and discordance is more likely as the time on ECLS and the INR level increase. The use of either assay in isolation to guide heparin anticoagulation may lead to misestimation of the degree of anticoagulation in complex ECLS patients.
Fibro-Adipose Vascular Anomaly: Characteristic Imaging Features on Sonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hu WenJia , Gong YuBin , Ma JingJing , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2022

Objective To analyse the image characteristics of fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) and the value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for its diagnosis. Methods The clinical and imaging data characteristics of 10 patients with FAVA admitted to our hospital between January 2018 and December 2020 who underwent ultrasound and MRI diagnosis were retrospectively analysed. Results A total of 10 patients (six males and four females) with pathologically confirmed FAVA, aged from 3 to 27 years (median: 13 years), underwent ultrasound and MRI; of these, two patients underwent MRI-enhanced examinations. All lesions involved mainly muscle, with a few disruptions and involvements of subcutaneous fat. Five cases were located subcutaneously near the fascia; one case was adjacent to the periosteum. Ultrasound showed fascial tail in seven cases, and MRI showed fascial tail in six cases. Both ultrasound and MRI showed the lesions to be oval-shaped masses with blurred borders and a mean maximum diameter of 99.8 ± 48.7 mm. Ultrasound showed a mass with a mixture of high and low echoic areas. Magnetic resonance imaging imaging showed a heterogeneous, mixed-signal intensity on T1-weighted images, probably influenced by the fibrous and fatty components of the lesion. T2-weighted images showed a mixed-high signal. Enhanced computed tomography scans showed significant heterogeneous enhancement of the lesions. Conclusion Both ultrasound and MRI showed that fascial tail sign is an important imaging feature for FAVA disease; this provides a reliable basis for its diagnosis and can be used to distinguish it from venous malformations, which have no fascial tail signs. Therefore, fascial tail signs can be used as imaging features and require special attention in the diagnosis of FAVA disease.