bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient γ-ray generation by 10 PW-class lasers irradiating heavy-ion plasmas
Authors: TIAN Mi , CHEN Ziyu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
10 PW-class lasers irradiating overcritical plasmas in the quantum electrodynamics regime promise to generate ultrabright γ-ray sources in the laboratory. Here using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we report highly efficient γ-ray generation in the parameter regime of 10 PW-class lasers at an intensity level of 1023 W cm–
2 interaction with heavy-ion plasmas which have large-scale preplasmas. The laser-to-γ-ray (>1 MeV) energy conversion efficiency reaches close to 60% with an above 1014
γ-photons/pulse. The average γ-photon energy is about 14 MeV with the highest photon energy exceeding 1 GeV. The high-energy γ-photons are mainly directed in the forward direction. We also find that plane target geometry is efficient enough for high power γ-ray radiation, which is beneficial for easing the difficulty of complex target manufacturing and alignment in experiments.
Multi-orbital topolectrical circuit for topological quantum states
Authors: Yao Junjie , Hao Xiamin , Song Biyu , Jia Yizhen , Hua Chenqiang , Zhou Miao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in using electric circuits as a powerful platform to realize a plethora of exotic topological quantum states, even of higher orders and/or dimensions. So far the proposed circuits are restricted to a single-orbital tight-binding model with different lattices. Here, we introduce the concept of a multi-orbital topolectrical circuit and construct practical LC circuits to demonstrate its superiorities. As a proof of concept, we assemble two sets of inductors in one plaquette to simulate a (px, py
)-orbital model within a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice. In the presence of spin–orbit coupling, as generated by mixing voltage degrees of freedom, a quantum spin Hall (QSH) state emerges with spin-resolved edge modes propagating along the boundary in the time domain. Implementation of negative impedance converters (NICs) with nonreciprocal links transforms the circuit into a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state. Remarkably, we demonstrate that QSH/QAH states can be reversibly switched by tuning the resistance of NIC, and an experimental observable-edge distance ratio is proposed to facilitate the phase transition detection. This work provides an exciting playground for exploring multi-orbital physics in topolectrical circuits, paving the way for future applications in nanoelectronics, telecommunications, signal processing and quantum computing.
Stability of sensorimotor network sculpts the dynamic repertoire of resting state over lifespan
Authors: Sastry Nisha Chetana , Roy Dipanjan , Banerjee Arpan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTemporally stable patterns of neural coordination among distributed brain regions are crucial for survival. Recently, many studies highlight association between healthy aging and modifications in organization of functional brain networks, across various time-scales. Nonetheless, quantitative characterization of temporal stability of functional brain networks across healthy aging remains unexplored. This study introduces a data-driven unsupervised approach to capture high-dimensional dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) via low-dimensional patterns and subsequent estimation of temporal stability using quantitative metrics. Healthy aging related changes in temporal stability of dFC were characterized across resting-state, movie-viewing, and sensorimotor tasks (SMT) on a large (n = 645) healthy aging dataset (18–88 years). Prominent results reveal that (1) whole-brain temporal dynamics of dFC movie-watching task is closer to resting-state than to SMT with an overall trend of highest temporal stability observed during SMT followed by movie-watching and resting-state, invariant across lifespan aging, (2) in both tasks conditions stability of neurocognitive networks in young adults is higher than older adults, and (3) temporal stability of whole brain resting-state follows a U-shaped curve along lifespan—a pattern shared by sensorimotor network stability indicating their deeper relationship. Overall, the results can be applied generally for studying cohorts of neurological disorders using neuroimaging tools.
Incidence and Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Within a Healthcare Worker Cohort During the First Year of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic
Authors: Doernberg Sarah B , Holubar Marisa , Jain Vivek , Weng Yingjie , Lu Di , Bollyky Jenna B , Sample Hannah , Huang Beatrice , Craik Charles S , Desai Manisha , Rutherford George W , Maldonado Yvonne ,   CHART Study Consortium, Bhargava Parul , Bohn Markus , Chao Jessica , Craik Charles S , Doernberg Sarah B , Ghahremani Jacob , Glidden David , Gonzales Ralph , Huang Beatrice , Jaladanki Sravya , Julien Aida , Lowenstein Daniel , Miller Steve , Mustoe Audrey , Paoletti Marcus , Rutherford George W , Sample Hannah , Villa Rodolfo , Wan Emerald , Williams Aimee , Brown Lillian , Chuang Jessica , Jain Vivek , Marquez Carina , Padda Guntas , Rubio Luis , Valdivieso Daisy , Abad Rosebay , Bet Anthony , Bollyky Jenna , Desai Manisha , Fung Jeffrey , Graber Anna , Holderman Cole , Holubar Marisa , Kelley Hannah , Kempema Amanda , Kong Christina , Leung Christopher , Lohmann Joseph , Lu Di , Maldonado Yvonne , Minor Lloyd , Orozco Lorena , Pinsky Benjamin A , Saxeena Jamie , Sklar Matthew , Tang Hilary , Wiese Jasmine , Weng Yingjie , Crawford Emily , DeRisi Joe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2_ infections in healthcare workers (HCWs) is critical for healthcare delivery. We aimed to estimate and characterize the prevalence and incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a US HCW cohort and to identify risk factors associated with infection.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of HCWs at 3 Bay Area medical centers using serial surveys and SARS-CoV-2 viral and orthogonal serological testing, including measurement of neutralizing antibodies. We estimated baseline prevalence and cumulative incidence of COVID-19. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations of baseline factors with incident infections and evaluated the impact of time-varying exposures on time to COVID-19 using marginal structural models.

Results
A total of 2435 HCWs contributed 768 person-years of follow-up time. We identified 21 of 2435 individuals with prevalent infection, resulting in a baseline prevalence of 0.86% (95% confidence interval [CI], .53%–1.32%). We identified 70 of 2414 incident infections (2.9%), yielding a cumulative incidence rate of 9.11 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI, 7.11–11.52). Community contact with a known COVID-19 case was most strongly correlated with increased hazard for infection (hazard ratio, 8.1 [95% CI, 3.8–17.5]). High-risk work-related exposures (ie, breach in protective measures) drove an association between work exposure and infection (hazard ratio, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.3–4.8). More cases were identified in HCWs when community case rates were high.

Conclusions
We observed modest COVID-19 incidence despite consistent exposure at work. Community contact was strongly associated with infections, but contact at work was not unless accompanied by high-risk exposure.
The network effect of deglobalisation on European regions
Authors: Giammetti Raffaele , Papi Luca , Teobaldelli Désirée , Ticchi Davide 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of a retreat from global economic integration on the European regional production network for the period 2000–2010. We find that production has become increasingly fragmented, although the degree of heterogeneity across regions is substantial. This heterogeneity is also present in the direct and indirect effects of three different deglobalisation scenarios that we simulate. Our results show that deglobalisation generates winners and losers. Specifically, two groups of regions emerge; regions that would benefit from a return to a less integrated world, and regions that would instead gain from a strengthening of the European production network.
Preparing for the Next Blockade: Non-ferrous Metals and the Strategic Economic Policy of the Third Reich
Authors: Scherner Jonas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article refutes a fundamental assumption behind the Western powers’ ‘long-war strategy’ in 1939, and casts doubt on the conventional wisdom regarding the alleged unpreparedness of Nazi Germany for a longer war. It does so by re-examining Germany’s war-preparedness through the lens of those raw materials that were of vital importance for the production of all armaments: non-ferrous metals. Contemporaries believed that these metals were the Achilles heel of the Nazi war economy because Germany had to cover its consumption predominantly with imports from overseas, which meant that it was extremely vulnerable to a sea blockade. But this article challenges these assumptions and shows that the Nazi war-planners were prepared for a longer war because of the lessons learned from the Great War, which they had carefully and covertly studied. The statistics compiled in this article demonstrate that it was the preparations based on these lessons rather than contingencies and non-predictable events, such as the access to occupied Europe due to unexpected victories, that were primarily responsible for the fact that Germany did not run out of metals during the Second World War. Germany lost the war not because of a lack of economic preparation, at least not in the field of metals, but because of the strategic decision to start a war which was bound to draw in an ever more superior coalition of enemies the longer it lasted.
Detection of blood stains using computer vision-based algorithms and their association with postoperative outcomes in thoracoscopic lobectomies
Authors: Xu Hao , Han Tingxuan , Wang Haifeng , Liu Shanggui , Hou Guanghao , Sun Lina , Jiang Guanchao , Yang Fan , Wang Jun , Deng Ke , Zhou Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to develop high throughput computer vision (CV) algorithms to detect blood stains in thoracoscopic surgery and to determine how the detected blood stains are associated with postoperative outcomes.

METHODS
Blood pixels in surgical videos were identified by CV algorithms trained with thousands of blood and non-blood pixels randomly selected and manually labelled. The proportion of blood pixels (PBP) was computed for key video frames to summarize the blood stain information during surgery. Statistical regression analyses were utilized to investigate the potential association between PBP and postoperative outcomes, including drainage volume, prolonged tube indwelling duration (≥5 days) and bleeding volume.

RESULTS
A total of 275 patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy were enrolled. The sum of PBP after flushing (P &lt; 0.022), age (P = 0.005), immediate postoperative air leakage (P &lt; 0.001), surgical duration (P = 0.001) and intraoperative bleeding volume (P = 0.033) were significantly associated with drainage volume in multivariable linear regression analysis. After adjustment using binary logistic regression analysis, the sum of the PBP after flushing [P = 0.017, odds ratio 1.003, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.000–1.005] and immediate postoperative air leakage (P &lt; 0.001, odds ratio 4.616, 95% CI 1.964–10.847) were independent predictors of prolonged tube indwelling duration. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, surgical duration (P &lt; 0.001) and the sum of the PBP of the surgery (P = 0.005) were significantly correlated with intraoperative bleeding volume.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study on the correlation between CV and postoperative outcomes in thoracoscopic surgery. CV algorithms can effectively detect from surgical videos information that has good prediction power for postoperative outcomes.
Twitter promotion is associated with higher citation rates of cardiovascular articles: the ESC Journals Randomized Study
Authors: Ladeiras-Lopes Ricardo , Vidal-Perez Rafael , Santos-Ferreira Diogo , Alexander Michael , Baciu Lavinia , Clarke Sarah , Crea Filippo , Lüscher Thomas Felix 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The association between the dissemination of scientific articles on Twitter and online visibility (as assessed by the Altmetric Score) is still controversial, and the impact on citation rates has never been rigorously addressed for cardiovascular medicine journals using a randomized design. The ESC Journals Study randomized 695 papers published in the ESC Journal Family (March 2018–May 2019) for promotion on Twitter or to a control arm (with no active tweeting from ESC channels) and aimed to assess whether Twitter promotion was associated with an increase in citation rates (primary endpoint) and of the Altmetric Score. This is the final analysis including 694 articles (one paper excluded due to retraction). After a median follow-up of 994 days (interquartile range: 936–1063 days), Twitter promotion of articles was associated with a 1.12 (95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.15) higher rate of citations, and this effect was independent of the type of article. Altmetric Attention Score and number of users tweeting were positive predictors for the number of citations. A social media strategy of Twitter promotion for cardiovascular medicine papers seems to be associated with increased online visibility and higher numbers of citations.
Photoinactivation of bacteriophage MS2, Tulane virus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters by microencapsulated rose bengal
Authors: Eshaghi Gorji Mohamad , Li Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters are important vectors for the transmission of foodborne pathogens including both viruses and bacteria. Photoinactivation provides a cold-sterilization option against the contamination as excited photosensitizers could transfer electronic energy to oxygen molecules producing reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, leading to oxidative damage and death of the pathogens. However, the efficacy of photoinactivation is very often compromised by the presence of food matrix due to the nonselective reactions of short-lived singlet oxygen with organic matter other than the target pathogens. In order to address this issue, we encapsulated a food-grade photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) in alginate microbeads. An extra coating of chitosan effectively prevented the release of RB from the microbeads in seawater, and more importantly, enhanced the selectivity of the photoinactivation via the electrostatic interactions between cationic chitosan and anionic charge of the virus particles (bacteriophage MS2 and Tulane virus) and the Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus). The treatment of oysters with microencapsulated RB resulted in significantly higher reductions of MS2 phage, Tulane virus and V. parahaemolyticus than free RB and non-RB carrying microbeads (P&lt;0.05) tested with both in vitro and in vivo experimental set-ups. This study demonstrated a new strategy in delivering comprehensively formulated biochemical sanitizers in bivalve shellfish through their natural filter-feeding activity and thereby enhancing the mitigation efficiency of foodborne pathogen contamination.
GALNTs: master regulators of metastasis-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)?
Authors: Beaman Ellie-May , Carter David R F , Brooks Susan A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn humans, the UDP-N-α-D galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases family (ppGalNAc-Ts, GalNAc-Ts or GALNTs) comprises 20 isoenzymes. They are responsible for the initial synthesis of α-GalNAc1,3-O-Ser/Thr, or Tn antigen, at initiation of mucin type O-linked glycosylation. This structure is normally extended by the further sequential action of glycosytransferases to build more complex linear or branched O-linked structures, but in cancers it is frequently left unelaborated, and its presence is often associated with poor patient prognosis. Altered levels of GALNT expression or distribution have also been extensively reported in a wide range of cancers. These changes would be predicted to result in marked alterations in GalNAc O-linked glycosylation, including altered levels of site specific O-linked glycosylation and changes in the glycan structures formed, including, potentially, exposure of truncated O-glycans such as Tn antigen. Many reports have demonstrated that altered levels of specific GALNTs have prognostic significance in cancers, or shown that they are associated with changes in cell behaviour, including proliferation, migration, invasion or growth and metastasis in animal models. We have previously reviewed how deregulation of GALNTs in several epithelial cancers is a feature of different stages metastasis. Here we consider evidence that changes in GALNT expression, and therefore consequent alterations in GalNAc O-linked glycosylation, may directly influence molecules implicated in aspects of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a fundamental aspect of cancer metastasis, during which epithelial cancer cells lose their cell–cell junctions, apical-basal polarity and adhesive interactions with basement membrane and become mesenchymal, with a spindle-shaped morphology and increased migratory capacity.
Verbal descriptors of the frequency of side effects: implementation of EMA recommendations in patient information leaflets in Poland
Authors: Olchowska-Kotala Agnieszka , Uchmanowicz Izabella , Szczepanowski Remigiusz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommends a description of drug side effects based on the frequency format and the associated verbal description. Although the recommendations refer to English-speaking countries, in several non-English-speaking states, official authorities have accepted the proposed recommendations on how the patient information leaflets should be designed for descriptions of side effect frequencies.

Objective
The aim of the study was to examine how manufacturers of authorized medicines in Poland implement the EMA recommendations regarding the verbal descriptors of the frequency of side effects.

Methods
A qualitative study. As a first step, we identified which of the 150 pharmaceutical companies operating in Poland had the largest market share. Then, five manufacturers were selected at random from the list of the top 15 drug manufacturers in Poland by market share of the pharmaceutical sector. Lists of medicinal products authorized for marketing in Poland were downloaded from manufacturers’ websites, and then five products from each manufacturer were selected based on random sampling. The study included only prescription medicines and excluded over-the-counter medicines and dietary supplements from the sample. Subsequently, for each of the 25 drugs, relevant patient information leaflets were obtained from the manufacturers’ websites. We evaluated how information on the frequency of side effects was provided in each leaflet, including the use of EMA-recommended terms (verbal descriptors such as ‘very common,’ ‘common,’ ‘uncommon,’ ‘rare’ and ‘very rare’) and additional notes explaining their meanings.

Results
For all manufacturers, word labels of the frequencies of side effects selected for the study were the same, but the additional notes explaining their meanings were different. There were various explanations of how to understand verbal descriptors of the frequency of side effects not only across different manufacturers but also across different medicines from one manufacturer.

Conclusions
There is no single standard in the Polish pharmaceutical industry for implementing the EMA recommendations into the written information about the frequency of side effects. The observed differences for an explanation of how to understand a given verbal term do not favor a uniform interpretation of the verbal frequency labels meaning by patients.
Revisiting negative externalities of US military bases: the case of Okinawa
Authors: Hikotani Takako , Horiuchi Yusaku , Tago Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a recently published article, Allen et al. (Outside the wire: U.S. military deployments and public opinion in host states’, American Political Science Review, 114(2), 326–341; 2020) argue that US military deployments nurture favorable attitudes toward the United States among foreign citizens. Their claim is based on social contact and economic compensation theories, applied to a large-scale cross-national survey project funded by the US government. However, their analysis disregards the geographical concentration of US military facilities within the host countries. To examine the relevance of geography and assess both positive and negative externalities, we focus on Japan – a notable case given its status as the country hosting the largest number of US military personnel in the world. We show that residents of Okinawa, a small prefecture hosting 70% of US military facilities within Japan have considerably unfavorable attitudes toward the US military presence in their prefecture. They hold this negative sentiment specifically toward the bases in Okinawa regardless of their contact with Americans and economic benefits and their general support for the US military presence within Japan. Our findings support an alternative theory of not-in-my-backyard. They also shed light on the importance of local foreign public opinion for foreign policy analysis and call for a more balanced scholarly debate on the externalities of the global US military presence.
Synergism inhibition and eradication activity of silver nitrate/potassium tellurite combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm
Authors: Pormohammad Ali , Greening Dylan , Turner Raymond J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Antibiotic resistance, biofilm and persistent infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a perilous challenge in the healthcare system. Hence, a vast number of novel antipseudomonas approaches are currently being pursued. Our group focuses on exploring the efficacy of metal(loid)-based antimicrobials (MBAs) towards novel infection control solutions.

Methods
Initially, nine MBAs were tested for biofilm prevention and eradication efficacy. Synergistic potentials were then screened systematically in a total of 1920 combinatorial MBA concentrations, in laboratory media [CAMHB and LB] and infection-related simulated wound fluid (SWF). The antibiofilm efficacy of the silver nitrate (AgNO3; ‘Ag’) with potassium tellurite (K2TeO3; ‘Te’) combination was examined against clinical antibiotic-resistant isolates and compared with the most used antibiotics. The in vitro resistance acquisition test, for exploring the chance of getting future resistance, and meta-analysis, for estimating Ag/Te human cell cytotoxicity, were carried out.

Results
The Ag/Te combination was identified as the most effective agent against P. aeruginosa biofilm. The application of the Ag/Te combination was quite effective against all clinical isolates. Comparison of clinical isolates with indicator strains showed clinical isolates are gaining resistance against the antibiotics (especially gentamicin) and Ag, while they are susceptible to Te and particularly the Ag/Te combination. The chance of getting future resistance against Ag/Te as a mixture was remarkably lower than the individual application of each metal. Te has significantly lower human cell cytotoxicity in comparison with Ag.

Conclusions
Te could be an appropriate alternative against P. aeruginosa biofilms (existing or prevention thereof), especially in combination with Ag.