bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated video-based assessment of facial bradykinesia in de-novo Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Novotny Michal , Tykalova Tereza , Ruzickova Hana , Ruzicka Evzen , Dusek Petr , Rusz Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEven though hypomimia is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), objective and easily interpretable tools to capture the disruption of spontaneous and deliberate facial movements are lacking. This study aimed to develop a fully automatic video-based hypomimia assessment tool and estimate the prevalence and characteristics of hypomimia in de-novo PD patients with relation to clinical and dopamine transporter imaging markers. For this cross-sectional study, video samples of spontaneous speech were collected from 91 de-novo, drug-naïve PD participants and 75 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Twelve facial markers covering areas of forehead, nose root, eyebrows, eyes, lateral canthal areas, cheeks, mouth, and jaw were used to quantitatively describe facial dynamics. All patients were evaluated using Movement Disorder Society-Unified PD Rating Scale and Dopamine Transporter Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. Newly developed automated facial analysis tool enabled high-accuracy discrimination between PD and controls with area under the curve of 0.87. The prevalence of hypomimia in de-novo PD cohort was 57%, mainly associated with dysfunction of mouth and jaw movements, and decreased variability in forehead and nose root wrinkles (p < 0.001). Strongest correlation was found between reduction of lower lip movements and nigro-putaminal dopaminergic loss (r = 0.32, p = 0.002) as well as limb bradykinesia/rigidity scores (r = −0.37 p < 0.001). Hypomimia represents a frequent, early marker of motor impairment in PD that can be robustly assessed via automatic video-based analysis. Our results support an association between striatal dopaminergic deficit and hypomimia in PD.
Mitochondria dysfunction in Charcot Marie Tooth 2B Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
Authors: Gu Yingli , Guerra Flora , Hu Mingzheng , Pope Alexander , Sung Kijung , Yang Wanlin , Jetha Simone , Shoff Thomas A. , Gunatilake Tessanya , Dahlkamp Owen , Shi Linda Zhixia , Manganelli Fiore , Nolano Maria , Zhou Yue , Ding Jianqing , Bucci Cecilia , Wu Chengbiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRab7 GTPase regulates mitochondrial morphology and function. Missense mutation(s) of Rab7 underlies the pathogenesis of Charcot Marie Tooth 2B (CMT2B) peripheral neuropathy. Herein, we investigate how mitochondrial morphology and function are impacted by the CMT2B associated Rab7V162M mutation. In contrast to recent studies of using heterologous overexpression systems, our results demonstrate significant mitochondrial fragmentation in both human CMT2B patient fibroblasts and CMT2B embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Primary cultured E18 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons also show mitochondrial fragmentation and altered axonal mitochondrial movement. In addition, we demonstrate that inhibitors to either the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 or to the nucleotide binding to Rab7 normalize the mitochondrial deficits in both MEFs and E18 cultured DRG neurons. Our study reveals, for the first time, that expression of CMT2B Rab7 mutation at the physiological level enhances Drp1 activity to promote mitochondrial fission, potentially underlying selective vulnerability of peripheral sensory neurons in CMT2B pathogenesis.
Recommendations for achieving interoperable and shareable medical data in the USA
Authors: Szarfman Ana , Levine Jonathan G. , Tonning Joseph M. , Weichold Frank , Bloom John C. , Soreth Janice M. , Geanacopoulos Mark , Callahan Lawrence , Spotnitz Matthew , Ryan Qin , Pease-Fye Meg , Brownstein John S. , Ed Hammond W. , Reich Christian , Altman Russ B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEasy access to large quantities of accurate health data is required to understand medical and scientific information in real-time; evaluate public health measures before, during, and after times of crisis; and prevent medical errors. Introducing a system in the USA that allows for efficient access to such health data and ensures auditability of data facts, while avoiding data silos, will require fundamental changes in current practices. Here, we recommend the implementation of standardized data collection and transmission systems, universal identifiers for individual patients and end users, a reference standard infrastructure to support calibration and integration of laboratory results from equivalent tests, and modernized working practices. Requiring comprehensive and binding standards, rather than incentivizing voluntary and often piecemeal efforts for data exchange, will allow us to achieve the analytical information environment that patients need.
Annual integral solar proton fluences for 1984–2019
Authors: Raukunen O. , Usoskin I. , Koldobskiy S. , Kovaltsov G. , Vainio R. 
Published: July 2022

Aims.Long-term fluxes or integral fluences of solar energetic particles (SEPs), and their variability within and beyond the 11-year solar cycle, make an important contribution to space physics. However, large uncertainties exist in the evaluation of average SEP fluxes or fluences over the last few decades, as they have been assessed by different methods and from different datasets. Here we revisit the derivation of annual integral SEP fluences from available data based on in situ measurements since 1984.Methods.We reconstructed a full time series of integral SEP fluxes above 10, 30, 60, 100, and 200 MeV for the period from 1984 to 2019 using observations performed by the GOES satellites. Intercalibration of the fluxes was performed via a linear relation between overlapping pairs of observations in order to obtain a uniform dataset. Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) background subtraction and identification of SEP event periods were carefully performed, allowing for a precise calculation of annual SEP fluences.Results.Annual integral fluences of SEPs with energies above 10, 30, 60, 100, and 200 MeV were calculated for the period from 1984 to 2019 (solar cycles 22–24), along with their uncertainties. It is shown that solar cycle 24 was significantly (by a factor of 5–8) weaker in the SEP fluence than the preceding cycles 22 and 23. The cumulative occurrence probability of years with the fluence above a given value is found to be perfectly described by the Weibull distribution. This can be used as a projection for the occurrence of solar extreme eruptive events on the secular timescales.
Profile of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Findings in Dyspeptic Patients
Authors: Ali Althaf S. , Ramlal R.V. , Vinod P.B. , Manoj V.V. 
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives
Dyspepsia is the commonest indication for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. This study was done to describe the UGI endoscopic findings and the risk factors like alcohol abuse, smoking, pan chewing, and drug intake and the endoscopic findings in patients with alarm symptoms.

Materials and Methods
This was an institution-based (Department of General Surgery at Government T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha) observational study (descriptive) on 250 dyspeptic patients who underwent UGI endoscopy for the duration of 1 year between November 2018 and October 2019.

Results
Among the patients, 130 were males and 120 were females. The mean age was 51.36 years. The majority were between 36 and 65 years (65.6%) of age. Precisely, 28.8% showed alarm symptoms. The commonest alarm symptoms were vomiting (26.8%), weight loss (7.6%), and gastrointestinal bleed (6.4%). Also, 237 (94.8%) patients had abnormal findings. The commonest abnormal findings included gastric erosions/erythema in 197 (78.8%), duodenal erosions/erythema in 69 (27.6%), and esophageal erosions/erythema in 56 (22.4%) patients. Substance use included smoking (29.6%), followed by alcoholism (27.2%) and pan chewing (14%). Dyspepsia along with alarm symptoms was seen in patients with malignant endoscopic findings. The commonest malignancy was stomach cancer (4.8%).

Conclusion
Dyspepsia was more common among males aged 36 to 65 years. Gastric, duodenal, and esophageal erosions/erythema were the commonest abnormal findings. Smoking and alcoholism were common in patients with dyspepsia. Malignant endoscopic findings were common in patients with alarm symptoms. UGI endoscopy is an effective and appropriate initial investigation to assess patients with dyspepsia.
Orthopaedic Trainee Views on Robotic Technologies in Orthopaedics: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: LeRoy Taryn E. , Puzzitiello Richard , Ho Bridgette , Van Schuyver Paul R. , Kavolus II Joseph J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of robotics is a growing area within the field of surgery, especially in orthopaedics. To date, there is no literature examining orthopaedic trainee perception of or comfort with robotics in orthopaedics. An assessment of the next generation's attitudes regarding this technology is necessary. An anonymous, national, web-based questionnaire containing 16 multiple-choice questions and 25 5-point Likert's scale questions was sent to 66 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved orthopaedic residency training programs. The survey was designed to discern the attitude of orthopaedic trainees toward robotics. Demographics, extent of exposure and training, and trainee perception regarding robotics were collected. A bivariate analysis using Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's was used to determine factors associated with trainee's future plans to use robotics. A total of 280 trainees completed the survey (response rate of 18%). Also, 67.9% have been exposed to and 42.9% trained to use robotics in surgical training. Of those trained, 44.4% were given increasing autonomy to use the technology. Further, 67.1% of trainees do not feel comfortable using robotic technology; however, 71.4% believe robotics has the potential to facilitate their education. Over 90% believe that robotic technology is here to stay. While residents have legitimate concerns about robotic implementation in orthopaedics, the majority of residents and fellows believe robotics will be a part of the future. However, few feel they receive adequate training or experience with the technology.
Male-to-Female Gender Affirmation Vaginoplasty via Laparoscopic Pedicled Peritoneal Flap—An Initial Experience
Authors: Sachan Ashish , Jain Pradeep , Sharma Pankaj , Goel Vivek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to describe our early experience with laparoscopic pedicled peritoneal flap in patients undergoing male-to-female gender affirmation vaginoplasty.
Methods This is a case series of five patients who underwent laparoscopic pedicled peritoneal flap vaginoplasty for gender reaffirmation from October 2020 to July 2021. The clinical and functional outcomes were recorded.
Results Two patients underwent the surgery as a primary procedure, and three patients underwent surgery as a secondary deepening procedure after failed penile skin inversion. There were no complications after surgery, and the median length of hospital stay was 3 days. No patient developed vaginal stenosis in 6-month follow-up period, and the median vaginal depth was 6 inches with a healthy vaginal surface.
Conclusion Laparoscopic pedicled peritoneal flap can be considered as a first choice in gender affirmation surgeries for patients with inadequate penoscrotal skin or failed penile skin inversion.
The effect of herd immunity thresholds on willingness to vaccinate
Authors: Andersson Per A. , Tinghög Gustav , Västfjäll Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThroughout the COVID-19 pandemic, media and policymakers openly speculated about the number of immune citizens needed to reach a herd immunity threshold. What are the effects of such numerical goals on the willingness to vaccinate? In a large representative sample (N = 1540) of unvaccinated Swedish citizens, we find that giving a low (60%) compared to a high (90%) threshold has direct effects on beliefs about reaching herd immunity and beliefs about how many others that will get vaccinated. Presenting the high threshold makes people believe that herd immunity is harder to reach (on average about half a step on a seven-point scale), compared to the low threshold. Yet at the same time, people also believe that a higher number of the population will get vaccinated (on average about 3.3% more of the population). Since these beliefs affect willingness to vaccinate in opposite directions, some individuals are encouraged and others discouraged depending on the threshold presented. Specifically, in mediation analysis, the high threshold indirectly increases vaccination willingness through the belief that many others will get vaccinated (B = 0.027, p = 0.003). At the same time, the high threshold also decreases vaccination willingness through the belief that the threshold goal is less attainable (B = −0.053, p < 0.001) compared to the low threshold condition. This has consequences for ongoing COVID-19 vaccination and future vaccination campaigns. One message may not fit all, as different groups can be encouraged or discouraged from vaccination.
ESG performance and stock prices: evidence from the COVID-19 outbreak in China
Authors: Li Zengfu , Feng Liuhua , Pan Zheng , Sohail Hafiz M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in stock prices during the market financial crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the Chinese listed company data as the bases for adopting an event-study method to identify the impact of ESG performance on cumulative abnormal returns. Empirical results suggest that ESG performance significantly increases firms’ cumulative abnormal returns and has asymmetric effects during the pandemic. Our results are robust to various robustness checks that consider the replacement of event window period, ESG measurement, adding other control variables, and sample exclusion of Hubei Province. We further find that reputation and insurance effects are important mechanisms through which ESG performance influences stock prices. Lastly, heterogeneous analyses show that ESG effects are considerably pronounced among firms with low human capital and bad image and in high-impact regions.
High order modes of intense second harmonic light produced from a plasma aperture
Authors: Bacon E. F. J. , King M. , Wilson R. , Frazer T. P. , Gray R. J. , McKenna P. 
Published: July 2022

Because of their ability to sustain extremely high-amplitude electromagnetic fields and transient density and field profiles, plasma optical components are being developed to amplify, compress, and condition high-power laser pulses. We recently demonstrated the potential to use a relativistic plasma aperture—produced during the interaction of a high-power laser pulse with an ultrathin foil target—to tailor the spatiotemporal properties of the intense fundamental and second-harmonic light generated [Duff et al., Sci. Rep. 10, 105 (2020)]. Herein, we explore numerically the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a preformed aperture target to generate second-harmonic laser light with higher-order spatial modes. The maximum generation efficiency is found for an aperture diameter close to the full width at half maximum of the laser focus and for a micrometer-scale target thickness. The spatial mode generated is shown to depend strongly on the polarization of the drive laser pulse, which enables changing between a linearly polarized TEM01 mode and a circularly polarized Laguerre–Gaussian LG01 mode. This demonstrates the use of a plasma aperture to generate intense higher-frequency light with selectable spatial mode structure.
A network meta‐analysis comparing the effects of exercise and cognitive training on executive function in young and middle‐aged adults
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Held Steffen , Rappelt Ludwig , Donath Lars , Klatt Stefanie 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIn young and middle‐aged adults, executive function is associated with success in work‐life and mental health. Physical activity with and without cognitive training has the potential to benefit executive function, but its relative effectiveness remains unclear. This network meta‐analysis compares the effectiveness of different exercise and cognitive training types and their combination on executive function in young and middle‐aged adults. PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were searched for experimental studies that compared pre‐ to posttest changes in inhibitory control and/ or working memory between one or more intervention groups and a control group. Interventions were ranked on their relative effectiveness using P‐scores. Study quality was rated using the PEDro scale. Forty‐six studies were included and yielded 30 and 70 pair‐wise effect sizes for the inhibitory control and working memory networks, respectively. With one exception, all studies were of high quality. Combined exercise and working memory training induced the greatest benefits for working memory (standardized mean differences, SMD = 0.59), whereas training a single executive function (SMD = 0.32) was most effective for inhibitory control. The effectiveness of working memory training (SMD ≥ 0.27) and coordinative exercise (SMD ≥ 0.20–0.29) ranked second and third for both executive function outcomes. In contrast, the effectiveness of endurance exercise was comparable to active controls on both networks. In young and middle‐aged adults, exercise with coordinative demands seems to have an effectiveness similar to working memory training. The combination of exercise and cognitive training further increases executive function benefits.
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with CHMI, September 2021
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Vokoun Miroslav 
Published: July 2022

Main text
As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Czechia maintained by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Alignment dependence of photoelectron momentum distributions for diatomic molecule N2 in strong elliptical laser fields
Authors: Ren Dianxiang , Wang Shang , Chen Chao , Li Xiaokai , Yu Xitao , Zhao Xinning , Ma Pan , Wang Chuncheng , Luo Sizuo , Chen Yanjun , Ding Dajun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ionization dynamics of aligned N2 molecules are studied in strong elliptical laser fields experimentally and theoretically. The alignment-dependent photoelectron momentum distribution of N2 is measured for highlighting the molecular structure contribution by comparing to that of Ar measured synchronously. Our results show that the ionization of N2 depends strongly on the alignment of molecules, relative to the main axis of the polarization ellipse of the laser. In particular, the most-probable electron-emission angle which is often used in attosecond measurement changes remarkably when changing the relative angle between the molecular axis and the major axis of laser fields. The alignment-dependent rotation angles have been well reproduced by our theoretical calculations. We show that the interplay between molecular structure and the laser fields plays an important role in the rotation angles based on the strong-field approximation analysis and this interaction also influences remarkably on the photoelectron angle distribution of aligned N2.
MOCVD growth of ZrN thin films on GaN/Si templates and the effect of substrate temperature on growth mode, stress state, and electrical properties
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Yang Shaoyan , Li Chengming , Yao Weizhen , Liu Xianglin , Niu Huidan , Yang Rui , Li Huijie , Wei Hongyuan , Wang Lianshan , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Zirconium nitride (ZrN) is a candidate for contact metal and diffusion barrier in ohmic contacts for GaN-based devices due to its superior electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. This paper reported ZrN films deposited on GaN/Si templates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and analyzed the effect of substrate temperature (T
s) on its growth mode, film stress, as well as electrical properties. Firstly, the surface morphology and film roughness of the resultant ZrN epilayers were investigated, which were found to vary dramatically with T
s. Then, a temperature-dominated crystal formation process was reasonably proposed, revealing the transfer from the island to layer growth mode and the augmentation of the growth rate of ZrN with elevated T
s. Stress information was obtained from the position of XRD diffraction peaks, indicating large in-plane lattice stretching in ZrN film and the presence of compressive stress in the GaN/Si template. The stress states can be related to island merger and thermal mismatch between ZrN and GaN, which proved satisfyingly advantageous in preventing the GaN layer from cracking during the subsequent preparation procedure. In addition, XPS surface and interface investigations were performed to identify the chemical state and the atomic content of the ZrN film, which also implied a relatively clear interface between the ZrN epilayer and GaN/Si template. Furthermore, Hall tests proved the resistivity of ZrN thin film can reach a minimum of 2.28 × 10−4 Ω cm, owing to the grain boundary chaining and flat film surface at high temperatures. Overall, it appears to have promising prospects for its application in the contact layer and diffusion barrier of ohmic contact in GaN-based devices.
Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of anisotropic flow coefficients and their correlations in Xe–Xe collisions at

sNN

= 5.44 TeV
Authors: Pandey Saraswati , Singh B K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The study of anisotropic flow coefficients v

n
(n = 2, 3, 4) in Xe–Xe collisions at

s

N
N

= 5.44 TeV under the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model (HYDrodynamics plus JETs) framework is presented. We have also considered body–body and tip–tip types of geometrical configurations for xenon nuclei within the model. The kinematic ranges |η| < 0.8, 0 < p
T < 5.0 GeV/c, |Δη| > 1 and |Δη| > 2 are considered. HYDJET++ results for deformed Xe–Xe collisions are well supported by the ALICE experimental data. The anisotropic flow of identified charged hadrons has strong transverse momentum and centrality dependence. Anisotropic flow decreases as collision system-size increases. Spherical xenon collisions show a suitable match with (deformed) tip–tip collision results. Body–body collisions produce higher flow in comparison to minimum bias and tip–tip collisions. Global mass ordering is observed in low and high p
T regions. The interplay of soft processes, jets, and decay resonances is responsible for the observed identified particle mass order. A strong centrality-dependent correlation is observed between the flow harmonics (v
2, v
3, v
4). HYDJET++ model predicts a linear positive correlation in central collisions while a boomerang-like correlation structure exists in peripheral collisions as found in the ALICE experiment. We find a strong dependence of the above observables on the geometry of the collision.