bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition Among High-Risk Heterosexuals With Nonviral Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Barker Erin K. , Malekinejad Mohsen , Merai Rikita , Lyles Cynthia M. , Sipe Theresa Ann , DeLuca Julia B. , Ridpath Alison D. , Gift Thomas L. , Tailor Amrita , Kahn James G. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Nonviral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase risk of sexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Updated risk estimates carefully scrutinizing temporality bias of studies are needed.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42018084299) of peer-reviewed studies evaluating variation in risk of HIV infection among high-risk heterosexuals diagnosed with any of: Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, and/or Trichomonas vaginalis. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases through December 2017 and included studies where STIs and HIV were assessed using laboratory tests or medical examinations and where STI was diagnosed before HIV. After dual screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, we meta-analytically pooled risk ratios (RRs).

Results
We found 32 eligible studies reporting k = 97 effect size estimates of HIV acquisition risk due to infection with one of the abovementioned STIs. Most data were based on women engaged in sex work or other high-risk occupations in developing countries. Many studies did not measure or adjust for known confounders, including drug injection and condom use, and most were at medium or high risk of bias because of the potential for undetected HIV infection to have occurred before STI infection. Human immunodeficiency virus acquisition risk increased among women infected with any pathogen; the effect was greatest for women infected with Mycoplasma genitalium (RR, 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–5.92; k = 2) and gonorrhea (RR, 2.81; 95% CI, 2.25–3.50; k = 16) but also statistically significant for women infected with syphilis (RR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.23–2.27; k = 17), trichomonas (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.31–1.82; k = 17), and chlamydia (RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.08–2.04; k = 14). For men, data were space except for syphilis (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22–2.58; k = 5).

Conclusion
Nonviral STI increases risk of heterosexual HIV acquisition, although uncertainty remains because of risk of bias in primary studies.
Relative Sit-to-Stand Muscle Power Predicts an Older Adult’s Physical Independence at Age of 90 Yrs Beyond That of Relative Handgrip Strength, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Time
Authors: Hetherington-Rauth Megan , Magalhães João P. , Alcazar Julian , Rosa Gil B. , Correia Inês R. , Ara Ignacio , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Muscle power is important for an older adult’s physical independence and can be easily estimated using the sit-to-stand test. This investigation aimed to assess whether muscle power estimated using the sit-to-stand test could identify older adults at risk of losing physical independence beyond handgrip strength, physical activity, and sedentary time and to develop minimal sit-to-stand power thresholds.

Design
Physical independence was assessed cross-sectionally in older adults using a composite physical function questionnaire. Muscle power was calculated using the 30-sec sit-to-stand test. Muscle strength was determined using a handgrip dynamometer. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed by accelerometry. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between sit-to-stand power and projected physical independence (n = 737). Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to develop sit-to-stand power cut points (N = 1748).

Results
Sit-to-stand power proved to be the best predictor of physical independence in later life regardless of handgrip strength, physical activity, and sedentary time (standardized B = 0.45, −0.02, 0.12, −0.28, respectively). Sex- and age-specific cutoffs for sit-to-stand power had good discriminatory ability (area under the curve = 0.75–0.78 [women], 0.76–0.82 [men]).

Conclusions
Sit-to-stand power can be used as a simple and practical screening tool to assess an older adult’s future physical independence.
Effects of Exercise Mode on Improving Cardiovascular Function and Cardiorespiratory Fitness After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Mahmoud Abeer M. , Gonçalves da Silva Andréa Lúcia , André Larissa Delgado , Hwang Chueh-Lung , Severin Richard , Sanchez-Johnsen Lisa , Borghi-Silva Audrey , Elokda Ahmed , Arena Ross , Phillips Shane A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Obesity affects 600 million people globally and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Bariatric surgery is an increasingly popular therapeutic intervention for morbid obesity to induce rapid weight loss and reduce obesity-related comorbidities. However, some bariatric surgery patients, after what is considered a successful surgical procedure, continue to manifest obesity-related health issues, including weight gain, reduced physical function, persistent elevations in blood pressure, and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of mortality and several health outcomes and could be improved by an appropriate exercise prescription after bariatric surgery. This review provides a broad overview of exercise training for patients after bariatric surgery and discusses cardiorespiratory fitness and other potential physiological adaptations in response to exercise training.
Evaluation of the Association of Academic Physiatrists Medical Student Summer Clinical Externship
Authors: Grewal Harmandeep , Kim Soojin , Katz Nicole B. , Case Christina M. , Pingenot Edward , Chung Yelim K. , Chukwuma Valentine , Mayer R. Samuel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Medical Student Summer Clinical Externship is an 8-wk program hosted by the Association of Academic Physiatrists and offered to first year medical students. Various institutions sponsor participants and provide clinical exposure and mentorship opportunities to promote interest in the field. The program has had more than 100 medical student participants. Students were asked to complete a preparticipation and postparticipation survey. Results revealed a statistically significant increase in interest in physiatry and participants’ scores for comfort and experience level in obtaining a history of present illness, general physical examination, and managing developmental, musculoskeletal, and neurologic disabilities. The Medical Student Summer Clinical Externship program provides an opportunity for mentorship and exposure to various subspecialties that likely reinforces student interest in those who are predisposed to physiatry. Students’ increased comfort level in treating patients with developmental, musculoskeletal, and neurologic disabilities may lead to improvements in the quality of and access to care received by these populations. All participants gain an increased awareness of the scope of practice of physiatry that will hopefully lead to the increased integration of physical medicine and rehabilitation into the care plans and as a standard of care for patients who might greatly benefit.
Pregnancy After Amputation
Authors: Bateman Emma A. , Frengopoulos Courtney , Viana Ricardo , Payne Michael W.C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pregnancy could affect the mobility of women with lower extremity limb loss, deficiency, or amputations. The aim of this systematic review was to characterize the pregnancy-related experiences, including prosthesis, gait aid, and mobility outcomes, of women with lower extremity limb loss, deficiency, or amputations. MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase databases were searched for all relevant English-language articles describing pregnancy experiences of women with lower extremity limb loss, deficiency, or amputations. Data extracted were age, amputation level and etiology, obstetrical history, prosthesis and/or gait aid use before, during, and after pregnancy, and pregnancy-related complications. Risk of bias was assessed using applicable CLARITY tools. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Among 399 retrieved studies, 24 met inclusion criteria describing 31 pregnancies in 25 women. All were case series/reports with high risk of bias. All women had acquired lower extremity limb loss, deficiency, or amputations. Sixteen women had hemipelvectomy (64%) and 4 had transfemoral amputations (16%). Three women used a prosthesis, 5 did not, and use was not described for 17 (68%). Prosthesis or gait aid use changed in 2 pregnancies, did not change in 6, and was not specified in 23 (74%). Available cases are likely not representative; additional research is required to characterize the impact of pregnancy on women with lower extremity limb loss, deficiency, or amputations.
Effect of Adding a Wheelchair Immersion Program to a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clerkship on Emotions, Behavior, and Attitude
Authors: Hsieh Shelly , Donovan Jayne , Fyffe Denise , McKay Ondrea , Kirshblum Steven 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
People with disabilities encounter significant barriers in health care and report that healthcare providers often lack an understanding in caring for them. Currently, there is limited disability awareness training in medical school curricula. This mixed-methods pilot study examined the effects of integrating a short wheelchair immersion program in a physical medicine and rehabilitation clerkship, versus the clerkship alone, on attitudes toward people with disabilities, comfort in treating people with disabilities, knowledge of wheelchair etiquette, and understanding of wheelchair-associated challenges. The standard training group underwent the physical medicine and rehabilitation clerkship, consisting of a 2-wk clinical rotation and didactic program. The intervention group additionally underwent a newly developed 1-hr wheelchair program where they simulated mobility and some activities of daily living as a “wheelchair user” and “caregiver.” Quantitative analysis demonstrated that all students who completed the clerkship had significantly improved attitudes toward and comfort in treating people with disabilities, knowledge of wheelchair etiquette, and understanding of wheelchair-associated challenges, whereas students in the wheelchair immersion program had a greater change in understanding wheelchair-associated challenges. Qualitative analysis revealed that the intervention resulted in positive attitudinal changes. These findings suggest that integrating a brief wheelchair immersion program with a physical medicine and rehabilitation clerkship may enhance disability awareness training in medical school curricula.
Effectiveness of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Migraine
Authors: Saltychev Mikhail , Juhola Juhani 
Published: January 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in migraine measured by decrease in pain severity or attack frequency.

Methods
A search at the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. The risk of systematic bias was rated by using the Cochrane domain-based quality assessment tool. A random-effects model was used.

Results
Of 434 identified records, 8 randomized control studies were included in the meta-synthesis. All have used a high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The risk of systematic bias was low. The difference between repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and control groups in frequency of migraine days per month was 8.1 (95% confidence interval = 4.8–11.4) days in favor of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Respectively, for intensity of migraine pain (scaled from 0 to 100), this difference was 13.6 (95% confidence interval = 5.3–21.8) points in favor of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The heterogeneity was substantial with I
2 = 86%.

Conclusions
In chronic migraine, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation seems to have positive effects on both migraine pain severity and attack frequency compared with sham stimulation. Although the effect on pain intensity was probably clinically insignificant, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduced pain frequency by 8 days per month on average.
A Countermovement Jump for the Midterm Assessment of Force and Power Exertion After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Labanca Luciana , Budini Francesco , Cardinali Ludovica , Concilio Giulia , Rocchi Jacopo Emanuele , Mariani Pier Paolo , Laudani Luca , Macaluso Andrea 
Published: January 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess force and power exertion during a countermovement jump after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using either semitendinosus and gracilis or bone-patellar tendon-bone graft.

Design
One hundred-nineteen semitendinosus and gracilis and 146 bone-patellar tendon-bone participants performed a countermovement jump on two force platforms after 3 (T1) and 6–9 mos (T2) from surgery. Twenty-four healthy participants served as control group. Peak force of eccentric and concentric phases and peak power were obtained from the analysis of vertical components of the ground reaction forces. Asymmetry was quantified by means of limb symmetry index.

Results
Eccentric peak force was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than concentric peak force in both bone-patellar tendon-bone and semitendinosus and gracilis at T1 and T2. At T1, bone-patellar tendon-bone showed higher peak power, but lower limb symmetry index in eccentric and concentric compared with semitendinosus and gracilis. At T2, bone-patellar tendon-bone showed higher peak power than semitendinosus and gracilis, although there were no differences in limb symmetry index between the two groups, which however was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in both groups when compared with control group.

Conclusions
Bone-patellar tendon-bone and semitendinosus and gracilis participants showed asymmetries in eccentric and concentric force during a countermovement jump. Bone-patellar tendon-bone showed greater asymmetries and a higher peak power respect to semitendinosus and gracilis participants.
Cervical Spinal Lesion, Completeness of Injury, Stress, and Depression Reduce the Efficiency of Mental Imagery in People With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kaur Jaskirat , Ghosh Shampa , Singh Prabhakar , Dwivedi Alok Kumar , Sahani Asish Kumar , Sinha Jitendra Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
The aims of this study were to assess the relationships of (1) clinical variables (age, level of injury, time since injury [TSI], and completeness of injury) and (2) psychological variables (stress and depression) with mental imagery ability in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Study Design
This was a cross-sectional study. Participants with spinal cord injury (N = 130) were requested to fill the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire and Vividness of Motor Imagery Questionnaire. They also completed the Perceived Stress Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 for the assessment of stress and depression, respectively.

Results
Mental imagery scores were found to be significantly low in cervical injuries (P < 0.001) as compared with thoracic injuries (P < 0.001). Furthermore, higher levels of spinal injuries resulted in lower mental imagery scores. Completeness of injury (according to Asia Impairment Scale) also had a significant relationship (P < 0.001) with the mental imagery ability among spinal cord injury participants. Presence of stress (P < 0.001) and depression (P < 0.001) also associated with reduced efficiency of mental imagery in these individuals.

Conclusions
Injury type and psychological factors were associated with mental imagery in SCI patients. Imagery-based interventions should be designed after consideration of identified factors yielding effect on their outcomes.

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME Objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Determine the impact of clinical variables such as level of injury, completeness and chronicity of injury on mental imagery ability in spinal cord injury; (2) Discuss the role of stress and depression on mental imagery ability in spinal cord injury; and (3) Describe the various dimensions of mental imagery ability and its variability among individuals who have spinal cord injury.

Level
Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Metacarpal Cartilage Thicknesses in Weightlifters and Volleyball Players
Authors: İskender Öner , Kaymak Bayram , Kara Murat , Akıncı Ayşen , Ülkar Bülent , Özçakar Levent 
Published: January 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible effects of impact and loading on the metacarpal cartilage and hand functions in young elite athletes.

Design
In this cross-sectional study athletes with at least 3 yrs of sport background and who have been under a scheduled training program were enrolled. The second to fifth fingers’ metacarpal head cartilage thicknesses were measured bilaterally by using ultrasonography. Handgrip and pinch strengths were measured. Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire was also completed for every participant.

Results
A total of 42 male athletes (19 weightlifters, 23 volleyball players) and 46 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Metacarpal cartilage thicknesses of the athletes were thicker than those of the healthy controls (all P < 0.001). There were no differences between the dominant and nondominant hands (all P > 0.05). In the weightlifting group, Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire work performance and pain scores were worse than the other groups (both P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The presence of increased cartilage thickness measurements in the athletes suggests that sports activities might affect the metacarpal articular cartilage. Highest pain scores and lowest work performance scores in the weightlifters with highest metacarpal cartilage thickness might suggest that impact and loading during their sports play could lead to cartilage edema.
Examining a Fatigue Management Model in Older Individuals
Authors: Torossian Maral R. , Chung Joohyun , Mamo Sara K. , Jacelon Cynthia S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine a fatigue model for older individuals based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms.

Research Design
The research design used was a secondary data analysis of the “Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Profiles–Health Utilities Index” data set.

Methods
Multiple regression analysis and path analyses were used to examine hypothesized model paths.

Results
A number of comorbidities, pain, sleep, depression, anxiety, education, and sensory impairment were significant predictors of fatigue. Higher fatigue scores predicted lower physical, social, and cognitive performances, as well as worse perceived health and quality of life (QOL). In addition, the identified fatigue outcomes mediated the relationship between fatigue and QOL.

Conclusions
Future research should be directed toward exploring other risk factors of fatigue and examining feedback loops depicted in the theory of unpleasant symptoms.

Clinical Relevance to the Practice of Rehabilitation Nursing
Rehabilitation nurses should closely monitor and manage the identified fatigue-influencing factors to improve older individuals’ performance, perceived health, and QOL.
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Microvascular Doppler Ultrasound and Q-Pack in the Discrimination of Malign Thyroid Nodules From Benign
Authors: Karagülle Mehmet , Arslan Fatma Zeynep , Şimşek Samet , Öncü Süleyman , Pamuk Gül Gizem , Öncü Mehmet , Tan Cimilli Ahmet 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this prospective study, the diagnostic performance of MicroV Doppler ultrasonography (US) and Q-pack application in distinguishing malignant thyroid nodules from benign nodules will be examined. Given the emerging irregular vascular structures in malignant nodules, it is thought that MicroV Doppler US and Q-pack application can help in diagnosis. One hundred sixteen nodules that were suggested a biopsy by a clinician were examined with B-mode US, color, X-flow, and MicroV Doppler US, respectively. In addition, during MicroV Doppler US examination, thyroid nodule and its adjacent thyroid parenchyma were evaluated with Q-pack application. After US examinations, biopsy was performed on the nodules and histopathological results were obtained. Eighty-nine nodules were histopathologically proven as benign, and the rest of them were malignant. In Doppler types, the thyroid findings in score 1, 2, and 3 nodule blood supply type were benign, whereas the thyroid findings in the score 4 have a possibility of malignancy between 63% and 66.7%. It was found that MicroV Doppler was significantly superior to X-flow and color Doppler (P = 0.037 and P = 0.042, respectively). Nodule/parenchyma Q-pack mean values were statistically significantly higher in malignant findings compared with benign findings (P < 0.001). Nodule/parenchyma Q-pack peak values were also statistically significantly higher in malignant findings compared with benign findings (P < 0.001).
As a result, although Q-pack application enables us to obtain quantitative values about vascularity, due to its ability to demonstrate slow blood flow, microvascular vessel structure, and distribution, MicroV Doppler US has promises to detect malignant thyroid nodules.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome—An Uncommon Cause of Acute Upper-Limb Ischemia
Authors: Sudheer Gokhale , Naman Gaur , Gupta Akshya , Dogra Vikram 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acute upper-limb ischemia is usually secondary to thromboembolic occlusion. The heart is the usual source of emboli in the majority of patients. In a small percentage of cases, the thromboembolic process may start in a proximal large-sized artery, such as the subclavian artery, resulting in thromboembolic occlusion of the upper extremity's small peripheral arteries. In patients with acute upper-limb ischemia, a systematic color flow Doppler ultrasound of the upper extremity arteries may reveal thoracic outlet syndrome as the underlying cause. This pictorial review presents a systemic color flow Doppler approach to evaluate upper extremity arteries in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome presenting as acute ischemia.