bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression and allergenic potential of Pseudoterranova bulbosa L3 from different infection sites in North Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Alt Katharina G. , Feldmeyer Barbara , Kochmann Judith , Klimpel Sven 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe recent advances in molecular methods and data processing have facilitated research on anisakid nematodes. While most research efforts were made regarding the genus Anisakis, since this genus is held responsible for the majority of reported clinical signs, there is still a demand for data on the genus Pseudoterranova. Several case studies of severe invasive anisakidosis affecting various organs caused by species of the P. decipiens complex have been described. To better understand the way these parasites might infest their fish host, we examined whether parasite location within the fish host affects gene expression. A de novo assembly of the transcriptome of Pseudoterranova bulbosa, isolated from North Atlantic cod, was analysed for patterns of differential gene expression between samples taken from liver and viscera. We additionally searched for homologs to known nematode allergens, to give a first estimate of the potential allergenicity of P. bulbosa. There was a subtle difference in the gene expression of samples taken from liver and viscera. Seventy genes were differentially expressed, 32 genes were upregulated in parasites isolated from liver and 38 genes were upregulated in parasites from viscera. Homologs of five nematode allergens were identified among the genes expressed by P. bulbosa. Our transcriptome of P. bulbosa will be a valuable resource for further meta‐analyses and resequencing projects.
A survey of specialty choice among obstetrics and gynecology residents in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ping‐Lun , Huang Jian‐Pei , Fujii Tatsuya , Cho Eun H. , Huang Ming‐Chao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe percentage of medicine graduates opting for residency in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) has been decreasing in developed countries, including in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. This multicountry study surveyed the OB/GYN residents affiliated with the Taiwan Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology (TAOG), the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG), and the Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (KSOG) to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of pursing OB/GYN.MethodsA 17‐item questionnaire surveying the factors influencing the choice of pursuing a major medical specialty was translated into Japanese, Korean, and Chinese and administered to postgraduate OB/GYN residents between July 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Data on the participants' sex, age, and level of residency were collected. Responses were compared between countries and sexes.ResultsResidents of all three countries chose OB/GYN based on personal interest, and a sense of accomplishment in saving people's life. Other positive factors include improved quality of life; higher salaries; and more opportunity for new techniques, research, and promotion. The negative factors included medical litigations, longer work hours, and unsafe working environments. Korean residents had lower ratings in several items, including “support from family,” “safety of working environment,” and “effectiveness of the alternative dispute resolution system,” which, unlike Japan and Taiwan, is not a no‐fault compensation system for childbirth accidents.ConclusionsThe study findings can guide strategy making, such as decreasing workload and yet maintain training quality, to increase the number of medical students pursuing OB/GYN residency.
‘It's like they're learning what it is for the very first time’: Clinician's accounts of self‐compassion in clients whose parents experience mental illness
Authors: Dunkley‐Smith Addy J. , Reupert Andrea E. , Sheen Jade A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesIndividuals who have a parent with mental illness are more likely to experience mental illness than their contemporaries. As such, it is valuable to examine potential psychological resources, which might assist these individuals to experience good mental health throughout their lifespan. We aimed to learn how clinicians perceive self‐compassion, and how it can be incorporated into therapy with clients who have parents with mental illness.DesignA qualitative interview design was employed to explore clinicians' perspectives and experiences.MethodsEight mental health clinicians experienced in working with clients who have parents with mental illness were interviewed. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to establish themes representing the clinicians' perspectives and experiences of incorporating self‐compassion into their work.ResultsThis study found that clinicians were generally positive about incorporating self‐compassion into interventions with clients who are children of parents with mental illness. The participants noted barriers to self‐compassion for these clients, namely a poor sense of self and divided loyalty between self and family. Participants recommended taking time and care, building rapport and involving others when cultivating self‐compassion with those who have parents with mental illness.ConclusionsThis group of clinicians viewed self‐compassion as relevant to clients whose parents have mental illness and believe it can be introduced therapeutically in various ways. Suggestions are made for tailoring self‐compassion training to the needs and experiences of this group.
Ventricular assist device support for children with chemotherapy‐induced cardiomyopathy and advanced heart failure: Perspectives gained from a single‐center experience
Authors: Puri Kriti , Denfield Susan W. , Adachi Iki , Dreyer William J. , Price Jack F. , Spinner Joseph A. , Choudhry Swati , Brackett Julienne , Santucci Gina , Rainusso Nino C. , Tunuguntla Hari P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuidance and data on ventricular assist device (VAD) support for children with chemotherapy‐induced cardiomyopathy, particularly within the first 2 years after chemotherapy, are limited.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective case series, reviewing medical records of children <18 years of age with chemotherapy‐induced cardiomyopathy and advanced heart failure (HF) who received durable VAD support.ResultsSix patients met inclusion criteria—5 HeartWare™ HVAD, 1 Berlin Heart EXCOR®. Median age at cancer diagnosis was 6 years (IQR 4.5–10 years). Median dose of anthracycline received was 540 mg/m2 (IQR 450–630 mg/m2). All patients developed HF within 1 year after initiation of cancer treatment (median 8 months, IQR 6–11.5 months) and were initiated on durable VAD support at a median of 8 months after completion of cancer treatment (IQR 3.3–43.5 months). Four patients had significant right ventricular dysfunction needing oral pulmonary vasodilator therapy, one patient had a major bleeding complication, and two patients had thromboembolic strokes while on VAD support. Median duration of VAD support was 7.5 months (IQR 3–11.3 months). Two patients underwent VAD explant due to recovery of LV function, one died due to cancer progression, and three underwent heart transplantation.ConclusionsDurable VAD support should be considered as a therapeutic option for children who have advanced HF due to chemotherapy‐induced cardiomyopathy, even within 2 years of completing cancer treatment. A multi‐disciplinary approach is essential for appropriate patient selection prior to implant and to ensure comprehensive care throughout the duration of VAD support.
New Villages for Old: Collective Action and Conditional Futures after India's Forest Rights Act
Authors: Vaidya Anand 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2011 some two hundred villagers in North India set upon lower‐caste neighbors who had hoped to escape landlessness and caste‐based exclusion by claiming nearby lands available to them under India's landmark 2006 Forest Rights Act. After their homes were destroyed and their fields razed, the low‐caste villagers—who had once hoped for change—traded their new lives for old ones, and contemplated futures of indefinite violence. This article tracks a national attempt to resolve forest landlessness by looking at the events surrounding the Forest Rights Act's implementation in one village, and the array of collective action and connected conditional futures the law inspired there. I argue that such forms of collective action must be understood as operating both in their moment of occurrence and in possible actions to come, and that these possible actions establish threats that continue to shape life beyond the moment of collective action itself. Such an approach brings into view the capacity of collective action to reshape the terms of social life: as the villagers sought land rights, their mobilization both emerged from and transformed relations of caste and gender. A political economy premised on dispossession was similarly both the grounds for struggle and was transformed by new possible futures brought about by collective action.
Galactolipid composition of Gertia stigmatica (Dinophyceae), an atypical member of the Kareniaceae with a peridinin‐containing, non‐haptophyte‐derived plastid
Authors: Leblond Jeffrey D. , Sabir Kyra , Graeff Jori E. 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYGertia stigmatica is an atypical member of the Kareniaceae that has a peridinin‐containing plastid rather than a tertiary, (acyloxy)fucoxanthin‐containing, haptophyte‐derived plastid, as is found in the canonical genera Karenia, Karlodinium, and Takayama. While the origin of G. stigmatica's plastid is uncertain per its original published description, with alternative hypotheses stating that it could have originated before or after the acquisition of a haptophyte‐derived plastid, the description of the species indicates that it does possess ultrastructural and genetic features that firmly place it within the Kareniaceae. As a photosynthetic, plastid‐containing organism, G. stigmatica, like other algae, possesses two galactolipids, mono‐ and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively), that form the basis of its plastid‐associated photosynthetic membranes. MGDG and DGDG have been extensively characterized in peridinin‐containing dinoflagellates, where it has been observed that these dinoflagellates can be segregated into two clusters. One cluster is characterized by MGDG and DGDG possessing the polyunsaturated C18/C18 fatty acids (sn‐1/sn‐2 regiochemistry) octadecapentaenoic acid (18:5(n‐3)) and octadecatetraenoic acid (18:4(n‐3)), while the second cluster possesses eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n‐3)) in the sn‐1 position while retaining a polyunsaturated C18 fatty acid in the sn‐2 position. By contrast, Karenia brevis and Karenia mikimotoi have been observed to be enriched in species of MGDG and DGDG, such as 18:5(n‐3)/14:0 MGDG and DGDG, uncommon to peridinin‐containing dinoflagellates. Our objective was to characterize the galactolipids of G. stigmatica to compare it to both peridinin‐containing dinoflagellates and other members of the Kareniaceae to search for insight, such as (a) remnant 14:0 fatty acid‐containing galactolipid(s), into the evolution of its plastid. Our results show that G. stigmatica possesses 20:5(n‐3)/18:5(n‐3) MGDG and DGDG as the primary galactolipids, with little evidence of those galactolipid species enriched in K. brevis and K. mikimotoi. The implications of this for the evolution of the G. stigmatica plastid are discussed.
Assaying techniques to improve dry season plantings in eastern Madagascar
Authors: Logan Chris M. , Hill D. Matthew , Solofoniaina Fidy Jean F. , Robertho Jean C. , Reid J. Leighton 
Published: April 2022

Rampant deforestation in eastern Madagascar highlights the urgency of protecting and restoring its unique rainforests. This experiment addresses a restoration bottleneck: the precipitous drop in seedling survival during dry season plantings. We assayed nine soil, water, and shade treatments that were codeveloped with local farmers to improve survival and growth of 17 native tree species planted on a denuded hillside during one dry season. Most treatments had no effect; however, rustic shade structures decreased transplant shock mortality (i.e. mortality within the first 2 months after planting) by 75%. This improvement is broadly accessible; it can be accomplished with materials freely and easily accessed in most farmlands in eastern Madagascar. Also, survival varied among species and seedling size, suggesting that carefully selecting species that are resistant to the harsh dry periods, improving shade availability, and planting larger seedlings of each species could lead to further gains in native tree performance in dry season plantings. Short‐lived dry season resistant species (e.g. Uapaca sp., Trema orientalis, Psiadia sp., Macaranga sp., and Pittosporum ochrosiifolium) could also provide shade as nurse trees for less resistant canopy trees, which have the potential to be established through enrichment plantings in years following the initial planting.
A dynamic Bayesian network‐based emergency decision‐making framework highlighting emergency propagations: Illustrated using the Fukushima nuclear accidents and the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cai Yinan , Golay Michael W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhen facing public emergencies, human societies need to make decisions rapidly in order to mitigate the problems. However, this process can be difficult due to complexity of the emergency scenarios and lack of systematic methods for analyzing them. In the work reported here, we develop a framework based upon dynamic Bayesian networks in order to simulate emergency scenarios and support corresponding decisions. In this framework, we highlight the importance of emergency propagation, which is a critical factor often ignored by decisionmakers. We illustrate that failure of considering emergency propagation can lead to suboptimal mitigation strategies. By incorporating this critical factor, our framework enables decisionmakers to identify optimal response strategies minimizing emergency impacts. Scenarios developed from two public emergencies: the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents and the Covid‐19 pandemic, are utilized to illustrate the framework in this paper. Capabilities of the framework in supporting decision making in both events illustrate its generality and adaptability when dealing with complex real‐world situations. Our analysis results reveal many similarities between these two seemingly distinct events. This indicates that seemingly unrelated emergencies can share many common features beyond their idiosyncratic characteristics. Valuable mitigation insights can be obtained by analyzing a broad range of past emergencies systematically.
Switching from Telephone to Web-First Mixed-Mode Data Collection: Results from The Transition into Adulthood Supplement to the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Sastry Narayan , McGonagle Katherine A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects on fieldwork outcomes and interview mode of switching to a web-first mixed-mode data collection design (self-administered web interview and interviewer-administered telephone interview) from a telephone-only design. We examine whether the mixed-mode option leads to better survey outcomes, based on response rates, fieldwork outcomes, interview quality and costs. We also examine respondent characteristics associated with completing a web interview rather than a telephone interview. Our mode experiment study was conducted in the 2019 wave of the Transition into Adulthood Supplement (TAS) to the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). TAS collects information biennially from approximately 3,000 young adults in PSID families. The shift to a mixed-mode design for TAS was aimed at reducing costs and increasing respondent cooperation. We found that for mixed-mode cases compared to telephone only cases, response rates were higher, interviews were completed faster and with lower effort, the quality of the interview data appeared better, and fieldwork costs were lower. A clear set of respondent characteristics reflecting demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, technology availability and use, time use, and psychological health were associated with completing a web interview rather than a telephone interview.
Role of gut microbiota in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis: Focus on immune cells
Authors: Wang Chong , Deng Hualing , Liu Fang , Yin Qing , Xia Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGut microbiota (GM) plays important roles in multiple organ function, homeostasis and several diseases. More recently, increasing evidences have suggested that the compositional and functional alterations of GM play a crucial role in the accumulation of foam cells and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in atherosclerosis. In particular, the effects of bacterial components and metabolites on innate and adaptive immune cells have been explored as the underlying mechanisms. Understanding the effects of GM and metabolites on immunoregulation is important for clinical therapy for atherosclerosis. Herein, we summarize the potential role of the GM (such as bacterial components lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and GM‐derived metabolites (such as short‐chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N‐oxide and bile acids) in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis. Based on that, we further discuss the anti‐atherosclerotic effects of GM‐directed dietary bioactive factors such as dietary fibres, dietary polyphenols and probiotics. Because of drug‐induced adverse events in anti‐inflammatory therapies, personalized dietary interventions would be potential therapies for atherosclerosis, and the interactions between GM‐derived products and immune cells should be studied further.
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration affect weedy rice growth, seed shattering and seedbank longevity
Authors: Balbinot Andrisa , da Rosa Feijó Anderson , Fipke Marcus Vinicius , Gehrke Vinicios Rafael , Agostinetto Dirceu , Kruse Nelson Diehl , Ziska Lewis Hans , Camargo Edinalvo Rabaioli , de Avila Luis Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWeedy rice (Oryza sp.) is one of the most troublesome global weeds in cultivated rice. Its troublesome status is associated with characteristics such as seed shattering and dormancy, allowing for long‐term reinfestation and persistence in rice fields. However, the role of rising carbon dioxide levels (CO2) and other climate variables on these characteristics has not, to date, been assessed. The current research objectives were to evaluate two aspects related to climatic change, increased CO2 concentration (400 ± 50 μmol mol−1 and 700 ± 50 μmol mol−1) and water management (continuous and alternate‐wetting drying), to assess plant development, seed shattering and seedbank longevity of weedy rice. Our results indicated that elevated CO2 (700 ± 50 μmol mol−1) increased weedy rice growth and biomass, seed shattering and lengthened viability within the seedbank. Water management did not affect weedy rice growth, seed shattering and seed dormancy. These results suggest that in areas where weedy rice is dominant, its seed bank persistence and potential competition may be exacerbated with rising CO2 levels, with negative consequences for rice production.
Comparing direct and indirect approaches to predicting soil texture class
Authors: Saurette Daniel D. 
Published: April 2022

Soil texture, or the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay, is a key soil attribute that influences many important physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. Digital soil mapping is increasingly used to predict soil texture; however, few comparisons have been made between direct prediction of a texture class, and the indirect prediction of texture class by first predicting sand, silt, and clay content, and subsequently converting the predictions to a texture class. We predicted soil texture class for the 5–15 and 30–60 cm depth intervals of the Ottawa soil survey project using direct and indirect approaches which yielded a similar overall accuracy (28–36%) and kappa (0.19–0.27). The predicted soil maps had a similar spatial distribution of soil texture classes. We then used the Euclidean distance between the texture classes to adjust the model performance metrics, revealing the indirect approach provided the better soil texture class prediction. When comparing the predictions, the 5–15 and 30–60 cm maps were in perfect agreement for 53% and 42% of the study area, respectively, and in both cases texture class predictions were within one texture class for over 87% of the map area. For many studies, including legacy soil surveys, texture class information is available, and particle size distribution data are generally lacking. This study confirms that direct prediction of soil texture class performs almost equally with indirect prediction.
Continuous phase transition of higher-dimensional de-Sitter spacetime with non-linear source
Authors: Du Yun-Zhi , Li Huai-Fan , Zhang Li-Chun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor the higher-dimensional dS spacetime embedded with black holes with non-linear charges, there are two horizons with different radiation temperatures. By introducing the interplay between two horizons this system can be regarded as an ordinary thermodynamic system in the thermodynamic equilibrium described by the thermodynamic quantities ($$T_{eff},~P_{eff},~V,~S,~\Phi _{eff}$$

T

eff

,

P

eff

,

V
,

S
,

Φ

eff

). In this work, our focus is on the thermodynamic properties of phase transition for the four-dimensional dS spacetime with different values of the charge correction $${\bar{\phi }}$$

ϕ

¯

. We find that with the increasing of the non-linear charge correction the two horizons get closer and closer, and the correction entropy is negative which indicates the interaction between the two horizons stronger and stronger. Furthermore, the heat capacity at constant pressure, isobaric expansion coefficient, and the isothermal compression coefficient have the Schottky peak at the critical point. However, the heat capacity as constant volume for the dS spacetime is nonzero. Finally, the dynamical properties of phase transition for this system have investigated based on Gibbs free energy, where exists the different behavior with that for AdS black holes.
Chaotic dynamics of string around the conformal black hole
Authors: Ma Da-Zhu , Xia Fang , Zhang Dan , Fu Guo-Yang , Wu Jian-Pin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we make a systematical and in-depth study on the chaotic dynamics of the string around the conformal black hole. Depending on the characteristic parameter of the conformal black hole and the initial position of the string, there are three kinds of dynamical behaviors: ordered, chaotic and being captured, chaotic but not being captured. A particular interesting observation is that there is a sharp transition in chaotic dynamics when the black hole horizon disappears, which is independent of the initial position of the string. It provides a possible way to probe the horizon structure of the massive body. We also examine the generalized MSS (Maldacena, Shenker and Stanford) inequality, which is proposed in holographic dual field theory, and find that the generalized MSS inequality holds even in the asymptotically flat black hole background. Especially, as the initial position of the string approaches the black hole horizon, the Lyapunov exponent also approaches the upper bound of the generalized MSS inequality.