bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Engineering Enhances the Electroactivity of Frame‐Like Concave RhCu Bimetallic Nanocubes for Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Ge Zi‐Xin , Wang Tian‐Jiao , Ding Yu , Yin Shi‐Bin , Li Fu‐Min , Chen Pei , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmmonia is a crucial chemical in agriculture, industry, and emerging energy industries, so high‐efficient, energy‐saving, sustainable, and environmentally‐friendly NH3 synthesis strategies are highly desired. Here polyallylamine (PA) functionalized frame‐like concave RhCu bimetallic nanocubes (PA‐RhCu cNCs) are reported with an electrochemically active surface area of 72.8 m2 g−1 as a robust electrocatalyst for the 8e reduction of nitrate (NO3−) to NH3. PA‐RhCu cNCs show a remarkable NH3 production yield of 2.40 mg h−1 mgcat−1 and a high faradaic efficiency of 93.7% at +0.05 V potential. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results indicate that Cu and PA (adsorbed amino) coregulate the Rh d‐band center, which slightly weakens the adsorption energy of reaction‐related species on Rh. In addition, the electrochemical interface mass transfer accelerated by the surface PA further determines the notable performance of PA‐RhCu cNCs for electroreduction of NO3− to NH3. These findings may open an avenue to construct other advanced catalysts based on organic molecule‐mediated interfacial engineering in various catalysis/electrocatalysis fields.
Electronic health record–based patient tracking by emergency medicine physicians
Authors: Villalba Constanza , Burke Ryan C. , Gurley Kiersten , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Grossman Shamai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesEmergency medicine (EM) physicians commonly track the progress of former patients to learn about their clinical outcome. While some studies have described the behavior, little is known about the specific information sought during tracking. The objective of this study was to determine how often EM physicians track patients and the motivations, strategies, and barriers to tracking.MethodsIn June 2019 we surveyed EM physicians practicing at six hospitals. We defined patient tracking as viewing the chart of a patient who was no longer under the physician's care or contacting the patient or the patient's subsequent providers to learn about the patient's progress. The survey asked respondents how often they track patients, by what mechanisms, and for what reasons. The survey also asked what information physicians sought when tracking and what barriers to tracking exist.ResultsOf the 156 EM physicians invited to respond, 111 completed the survey (72% response rate). Of those, 109 (98%) reported tracking their patients, and residents reported tracking a higher percentage of patients than attendings. Reasons for tracking included an unusual or complex case (98%), uncertain diagnosis (89%), and concern about a potential error (48%). Most respondents (86%) said that knowledge gained from patient tracking changed their subsequent practice patterns, and almost all respondents (98%) strongly agreed or agreed that tracking helps physicians avoid future mistakes. The most commonly sought information types during tracking were the hospital discharge summary or emergency department note from the index visit, test results since the index visit, and new diagnoses added since the index visit. Physicians cited time limitations and difficulty accessing information as the leading barriers to tracking.ConclusionsPatient tracking is nearly ubiquitous among surveyed EM physicians, who find it valuable for learning and patient safety.
Selective Access of Deuterated Dibenzo‐Fused ϵ‐Lactones and ϵ‐Lactams via Palladium Carbene Migratory Insertion Enabled 1,4‐Pd Shift
Authors: Liu Jinling , Yu Yinghua , Huang Xueliang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince deuterated compounds have significant applications in pharmaceutical chemistry, selective incorporation of deuterium atoms onto a pharmacophore containing compounds has attracted great attention. Herein, we describe a concise method for construction of deuterated dibenzo‐fused ϵ‐lactones and ϵ‐lactams via Pd‐catalyzed carbene bridging C−D bond activation strategy. Readily available deuterated ortho‐bromobenzaldehydes were employed as reactants, and deuterium atom was selectively incorporated at the dibenylic position with high deuterated ratio.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection led to progressively fatal septic shock in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Nakayama Ryuichi , Miyamoto Shuichi , Tawara Toshihiro , Aoyagi Arisa , Oguro Takeo , Kobayashi Nobumichi , Suzuki Michio , Takeyama Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCapnocytophaga canimorsus infection is rare, with a high fatality rate; however, there are few cases of death with a rapid course. This study reports a progressively fatal case of C. canimorsus.Case PresentationA 68‐year‐old immunocompetent Japanese man was bitten and scratched on his right hand by a dog 6 days before emergency transportation to the emergency room with abdominal pain, back pain, and melena. The patient developed multiple‐organ failure. Despite antibiotic therapy, transfusion, vasopressor therapy, and continuous renal replacement therapy, the patient died from uncontrolled metabolic acidosis 4.5 h after admission. Approximately 80 h after admission, blood cultures were positive for C. canimorsus.ConclusionsCapnocytophaga canimorsus infection can lead to rapid progression even in immunocompetent patients.
Oxidative Coupling of Methane: Examining the Inactivity of the MnOx‐Na2WO4/SiO2 Catalyst at Low Temperature
Authors: Si Jiaqi , Zhao Guofeng , Sun Weidong , Liu Jincun , Guan Cairu , Yang Yong , Shi Xue‐Rong , Lu Yong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyzed by MnOx‐Na2WO4/SiO2 has great industrial promise to convert methane directly to C2–3 products, but its high light‐off temperature is the most challenging obstacle to commercialization and its working mechanism is still a mystery. We report the discovery of a low‐temperature active and selective MnOx‐Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst enriched with Q2 units in the SiO2 carrier, being capable of converting 23 % CH4 with 72 % C2–3 selectivity at 660 °C. From experiments and theoretical calculations, a large number of Q2 units in the MnOx‐Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst is a trigger for markedly lowering the light‐off temperature of the Mn3+↔Mn2+ redox cycle involved in the OCM reaction because of the easy formation of MnSiO3. Notably, the MnSiO3 formation proceeds merely through the SiO2‐involved reaction in the presence of Na2WO4: Mn7SiO12+6 SiO2↔7 MnSiO3+1.5 O2. The Na2WO4 not only drives the light‐off of this cycle but also gets it working with substantial selectivity toward C2–3 products. Our findings shine a light on the rational design of more advanced MnOx‐Na2WO4 based OCM catalysts through establishing new Mn3+↔Mn2+ redox cycles with lowered light‐off temperature.
Asymmetric α‐Allylation of Glycinate with Switched Chemoselectivity Enabled by Customized Bifunctional Pyridoxal Catalysts
Authors: Ma Jiguo , Gao Bin , Song Guanshui , Zhang Ruixin , Wang Qingfang , Ye Zi , Chen Wen‐Wen , Zhao Baoguo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOwing to the strong nucleophilicity of the NH2 group, free‐NH2 glycinates react with MBH acetates to usually deliver N‐allylated products even in the absence of catalysts. Without protection of the NH2 group, chiral pyridoxal catalysts bearing an amide side chain at the C3 position of the naphthyl ring switched the chemoselectivity of the glycinates from intrinsic N‐allylation to α‐C allylation. The reaction formed chiral multisubstituted glutamic acid esters as SN2′–SN2′ products in good yields with excellent stereoselectivity (up to 86 % yield, >20 : 1 dr, 97 % ee). As compared to pyridoxal catalysts bearing an amide side arm at the C2 position, the pyridoxals in this study have a bigger catalytic cavity to enable effective activation of larger electrophiles, such as MBH acetates and related intermediates. The reaction is proposed to proceed via a cooperative bifunctional catalysis pathway, which accounts for the high level of diastereo‐ and enantiocontrol of the pyridoxal catalysts.
Computational Design, Synthesis, and Photochemistry of Cy7‐PPG, an Efficient NIR‐Activated Photolabile Protecting Group for Therapeutic Applications**
Authors: Alachouzos Georgios , Schulte Albert M. , Mondal Anirban , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotolabile Protecting Groups (PPGs) are molecular tools used, for example, in photopharmacology for the activation of drugs with light, enabling spatiotemporal control over their potency. Yet, red‐shifting of PPG activation wavelengths into the NIR range, which penetrates the deepest in tissue, has often yielded inefficient or insoluble molecules, hindering the use of PPGs in the clinic. To solve this problem, we report herein a novel concept in PPG design, by transforming clinically‐applied NIR‐dyes with suitable molecular orbital configurations into new NIR‐PPGs using computational approaches. Using this method, we demonstrate how Cy7, a class of NIR dyes possessing ideal properties (NIR‐absorption, high molecular absorptivity, excellent aqueous solubility) can be successfully converted into Cy7‐PPG. We report a facile synthesis towards Cy7‐PPG from accessible precursors and confirm its excellent properties as the most redshifted oxygen‐independent NIR‐PPG to date (λmax=746 nm).
Development and performance evaluation of epoxy resin system for repairing agent
Authors: Liu Shi , Liu Wenming , Qi Ben , Lin Zhihui , Li Pengpeng , Wu Chaoming , Zhang Qingchang , Hu Miaomiao , Guo Jintang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the development of unconventional oil and gas resources, such as offshore oil, high pressure oil and sour wells, casing‐casing annulus pressure is a common problem. To prevent casing‐casing annulus pressure, bisphenol F epoxy resin, dicyandiamide hardener SH‐500A and urea accelerator SH‐A100 are added to develop an epoxy resin system. The thickening time and the compressive strength at 90°C are used as the main evaluation indexes. The optimal formulation was found to be as follows: bisphenol F epoxy resin NPEF‐170 with 20 wt% of diluent benzyl glycidyl ether, 9.0 wt% of hardener dicyandiamide and 0.5–0.4 wt% of urea accelerator SH‐A100. The experimental results showed that the initial consistency of the epoxy resin system is less than 30 Bc, the thickening time is 3–4 h, and the compressive strength at 90°C is above 27 MPa, which meet the requirements of on‐site construction.
Bioinspired toughening of soft elastomer via embedded three‐dimensional printing
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhang Yaxin , Gong Min , Liu Meiling , Lin Xiang , Wang Dongrui , Hu Penghao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe interest in soft elastomers has been revived because they are needed in the emerging soft robotics and wearable devices. It is imperative to adjust the mechanical properties of elastomeric materials for real‐life applications as well as to develop an approach to construct more complex and customized architectures. In this study, an embedded extrusion‐based three‐dimensional (3D) printing method was used to prepare silicone elastomeric composites. Cellulose nanocrystals were introduced to tailor the rheology of the ink and serve as reinforcements after solidification. The printing paths were carefully designed to write Bouligand structures, which have been widely found in arthropod cuticles and fish scales because of their exceptional damage resistance. Compared with the pure elastomer and randomly distributed composites, the 3D‐printed elastomeric composites with bioinspired structures exhibited simultaneously enhanced stiffness, extensibility, and toughness. This strategy may be extended to the realization of other biomimetic designs and paves the way for soft material manufacturing.
Salts and water‐free dyeing of cellulose nanofibers using novel green deep eutectic solvents: Isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Mehdi Mujahid , Hussain Nadir , Khatri Muzamil , Hakro Raheel Ahmed , Ghaffar Abdul , Khatri Zeeshan , Kim Ick Soo , Zhang Ke‐Qin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, dyeing of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) has gained substantial interest due to its multifunctional properties, but discharge of hazardous effluent containing salts are biggest challenges for sustainability for textile processing sectors. Herein, we report deep eutectic solvents (DES) as a novel green dyeing medium to dye CNF with anionic reactive dyes (without salts) for the first time and dyeing parameters were optimized. Dyed CNF in DES showed 37% higher color yield compared to CNF dyed in conventional dyeing medium (with auxiliaries). The diffusion and standard affinity of both reactive dyes towards CNF in DES medium were greater than conventional (CN) medium. CNF dyed in DES revealed smooth morphology and the presence of reactive dyes confirmed by FTIR, it also offers enhanced wettability, and good color fastness properties. Therefore, DES can potentially be utilized as an effective dyeing medium.
Docetaxel‐loaded scaffolds manufactured by 3D printing as model, biodegradable prostatic stents
Authors: Jaworska Joanna , Stojko Mateusz , Włodarczyk Jakub , Janeczek Henryk , Godzierz Marcin , Musiał‐Kulik Monika , Bryniarski Piotr , Kasperczyk Janusz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe first‐line therapy against locally advanced prostate cancer is radical prostatectomy as well as radiation therapy which might contribute to the swelling of the prostate. To prevent this, prostatic urethral stents might be used and they are mostly made of metal alloys. However, biodegradable prostatic stents are constantly explored. The aim of the study was 3D printing of tubular biodegradable scaffolds intended as a model prostatic stent since 3D printing allows obtaining devices with controlled geometric shape and function. Additional docetaxel‐loaded layers on bioresorbable scaffolds were obtained for local chemotherapeutic delivery. Scaffolds were characterized before and during incubation in artificial urine for 6 weeks. Changes in the chain microstructure of the scaffolding polymer during this period were stable. Weight loss of the scaffolds was very low contrary to molecular weight changes. During incubation, slow release of the docetaxel was observed. After 6 weeks, 20% of the drug was released from the coating. The stable release of the cytostatic drug during chemotherapy is advantageous. Contrary to systemic administration of docetaxel used nowadays as a standard treatment in castration‐resistant prostatic cancer, local administration is proposed instead, with the aim to downstage the disease before radical therapy and thus to minimize the risk of recurrence.
Techniques for locating and analyzing subterranean Lycopodium and Diphasiastrum gametophytes in the field
Authors: Rimgailė‐Voicik Radvilė , Naujalis Jonas Remigijus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHomosporous club mosses have an archaic life cycle, alternating two locationally, nutritionally, and physiologically independent generations. The sexual generation of club mosses—the gametophytes (or prothallia)—are among the least researched botanical subjects. The gametophytes are responsible for not only sexual reproduction, but also the determination of recruitment of the new sporophyte generation, species habitat selection, migration, and evolution. Researchers often fail to find juvenile club moss populations and thus do not discover subterranean long‐lived achlorophyllous gametophytes. To date, the gametophytes of most club moss species remain undiscovered in nature and are not scientifically documented. Almost all researchers who have previously located subterranean club moss gametophytes declared that their first find was due to luck and that subsequently the researcher's intuition plays the most important role; however, intuition and good luck are not scientific methods. In our review, we combine our knowledge with data available in the literature and discuss the following questions using a methodical approach: (1) How can we locate a subterranean club moss gametophyte population? (2) How can we extract the gametophytes? and (3) What new knowledge about club moss population development can be gained by analyzing juvenile club moss populations?
Biomarker‐Responsive Fluorescent Probes for In‐Vivo Imaging of Liver Injury
Authors: Zhong Yang , Yang Lulu , Zhou Yunyun , Peng Juanjuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLiver injury‐related diseases have aroused widespread concern due to their extreme unpredictability, acute onset, and severe consequences. Nowadays, the clinical prediction and assessment of liver injury mainly focus on histopathological and serological approaches, which require a tedious process and sometimes invasive biopsy. Over the past decades, fluorescence imaging techniques have emerged for the diagnosis of diseases owing to their noninvasiveness, high fidelity and ease of operation. With regard to liver injury, fluorescent probes have been delicately designed to respond to a variety of endogenous biomolecules to precisely offer comprehensive information about the lesion site. Herein, we make a brief summary and discussion about the design strategies and applications of recently reported fluorescent biosensors responsive to a series of biomarkers involved in liver injury. The potential prospects and remaining challenges are also discussed to promote the progression in this field.
Nano‐Conductive Additive with Low Interfacial Energy Confining the Movement of Lithium Polysulfide Solution Enables Stable Reaction of Sulfur Electrode in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Won Jong Ho , Lee Merry , Kwon Hye Min , Jeong Hyung Mo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the increasing demand for green energy vehicles, lithium‐sulfur batteries are drawing attention as new energy storage devices. This is because the theoretical capacity of sulfur cathodes is least five times higher that of conventional cathodes. However, in combination with lithium, sulfur cathodes diffuse to all parts of the cell through an uncontrolled and irreversible shuttle effect. Various studies have attempted to confine sulfur in a particular structure while it is dissolved in electrolytes. Unfortunately, this approach is ineffective because of the mobility and corrosive properties of lithium polysulfide. In this study, we present nano‐conductive additives with minimized interfacial energy to lithium polysulfide that controls the shuttle effect by confining the movement of the lithium polysulfide solution within the cathodes. The nano‐conductive additive was synthesized to form low interfacial energy through surface modification and used in lithium‐sulfur batteries to enable a capacity of approximately 600 mAh g−1 for 1000 repeated charge/discharge cycles.
Multi‐Functionalized Polymers as Organic Cathodes for Sustainable Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Mohammadiroudbari Motahareh , Qin Kaiqiang , Luo Chao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, we designed and synthesized three novel polymeric cathode materials based on azo and carbonyl groups for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of the polymer with a naphthalene backbone structure is better than that with benzene and biphenyl structures due to faster kinetics and lower solubility in the electrolyte. It unravels the rational design principle of extending π‐conjugation aromatic structures in redox‐active polymers to enhance the electrochemical performance. To further optimize the polymeric cathodes, the polymer with a naphthalene backbone structure is mixed with nitrogen‐doped graphene to increase the conductivity and mitigate the dissolution. The resulting cathodes deliver high specific capacity, long cycle life, and fast‐charging capability. Post‐cycling characterizations were employed to study the chemical structure and morphology evolution upon cycling, demonstrating that the active centers (azo and carbonyl groups) in the polymer can undergo reversible redox reactions with Na+/K+ for sustainable alkali‐ion batteries.
Das Heiligenborner Viadukt – 170‐jähriges Eisenbahnviadukt – fit gemacht für den nächsten Nutzungsabschnitt
Authors: Hering Elke , Lorenz Enrico , Meichsner Erik , Schwedes Rainer , Herrmann Thomas , Bösche Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHistorische Eisenbahnviadukte sind stadt‐ bzw. landschaftsprägende Bauwerke. Aufgrund ihres Charakters als bedeutende Bestandteile der gebauten Umwelt, aber auch als wichtige wirtschaftliche Werte, ist der respektvolle Umgang bei Entscheidungen zur Instandsetzung und Weiternutzung dieser Zeugnisse zurückliegender Ingenieurbaukunst unabdingbar. Oft gehen derartige Umbaumaßnahmen mit einer umfassenden Erweiterung der Funktion des Bauwerks einher. Neben einer einfachen Verbreiterung des Fahrwegs können auch zusätzliche technische Einrichtungen, zum Beispiel Oberleitungsanlagen, zu erheblichen Eingriffen in das Erscheinungsbild des Bauwerks führen. Bauen im historischen Bestand stellt sowohl an die Planung als auch an die Bauausführung besondere Anforderungen.
Strategies to control therapeutic antibody glycosylation during bioprocessing: Synthesis and separation
Authors: Edwards Elizabeth , Livanos Maria , Krueger Anja , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart M. , Mark Smales C. , Bracewell Daniel G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlycosylation can be a critical quality attribute in biologic manufacturing. In particular, it has implications on the half‐life, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and must be closely monitored throughout drug development and manufacturing. To address this, advances have been made primarily in upstream processing, including mammalian cell line engineering, to yield more predictably glycosylated mAbs and the addition of media supplements during fermentation to manipulate the metabolic pathways involved in glycosylation. A more robust approach would be a conjoined upstream–downstream processing strategy. This could include implementing novel downstream technologies, such as the use of Fc γ‐based affinity ligands for the separation of mAb glycovariants. This review highlights the importance of controlling therapeutic antibody glycosylation patterns, the challenges faced in terms of glycosylation during mAb biosimilar development, current efforts both upstream and downstream to control glycosylation and their limitations, and the need for research in the downstream space to establish holistic and consistent manufacturing processes for the production of antibody therapies.