bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing Shipping Emissions of Turkish Ports in the Black Sea and Investigating Their Contributions to Black Sea Emissions
Authors: Tokuşlu Aydın 
Published: March 2022

The Black Sea is the crossroads for many nations and the economic interests of numerous countries. The ports in the Black Sea are the most important economic activity centres where the Black Sea countries carry out their import and export activities. In this paper, shipping emissions generated from ships visiting the 10 Turkish ports located in the Black Sea were estimated and their ratio in shipping emissions in the Black Sea region was evaluated. Total emissions from ships in the studied ports were estimated as 4.949 t y-1 for NOX, 280.498 t y-1 for CO2, 2.059 t y-1 for SO2, 197 t y-1 for VOC, 260 t y-1 for PM for 2018 based on ship activity-based method. General cargo and tanker ships were responsible for 92% of the total ship-borne emissions in the region, and chemicals, bulk carrier, passenger/ro-ro cargo, and other ships such as tugs, barge, multi-purpose ships, yachts, warships follow it. Emissions produced from ships were mainly emitted at cruising mode (84%), followed by hotelling mode (15%). The environmental cost of the port emissions for each pollutant was estimated as t was estimated as 61,5 million and 6.164 per ship call. Black Sea shipping emissions were 2,5% of the total international shipping emissions and shipping emissions from Turkish ports constitute 6-7% of PM, 14% of CO2, 6-14% of SO2, and 11-20% of NOX emissions of Black Sea emissions. The Black Sea region should be declared as an emission control area/sulphur emission control area to reduce shipping emissions. This is the first study to estimate Turkish port emissions in the Black Sea.
Interdisciplinary issues in education
Authors: Bhagwan Aryal  
Published: March 2022

The fundamental importance of education is to unlock, reveal or make evident the unique potential of students. It is often regarded as a synonym for learning and is a product of experience. Education is also considered a restructuring or reorganization of experience to build new knowledge.As a lifelong learning process, education lasts from birth to death, and schools are not the only institutions that provide education. The role of educational institutions in providing quality education is by no means sufficient. Continued research and development activities are always relevant in this context.Learning involves continuous and constant changes in experience, ideas, knowledge, attitudes and skills, all complemented by homes, communities, religions, the media, etc., but educators innovate in this regard by considering development that can do a lot to come up with ideas. The present sixth volume, Issue 2 of Interdisciplinary Research in Education includes fourteen original articles. This is an attempt to address ongoing changes in the education sector, including both empirical research and desk reviews that help expand existing knowledge and understanding, especially in the areas of curriculum, pedagogy and education management.
Politics of Subaltern Consciousness: The Substantive Representation of the Margins in Nehru’s Toward Freedom and Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
Authors: Awasthi Prabeen Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Despite being placed at the bottom of the society, Indian subalterns have always gained central position in the political sphere. This paper investigates the substantive representation of marginalized groups and the way they employ their consciousness to dismantle injustices by analyzing Jawaharlal Nehru’s autobiography Toward Freedom (1936) and Arundhati Roy’s novel The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017). The subaltern struggle in the society in the quest of their autonomous self and it is achieved with the help of continuous resistance on their part. Colonized Indians display their resistance to counter the British Raj. In the like manner, Hijras, women and Dalits resist the conventional norms of the mainstream by developing anti-normative body and by adopting new roles in the society. Delving on Antonio Gramsci, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Ranajit Guha’s ideas of the subaltern, this study analyzes the life of the colonized Indians, the transgender, and the untouchables located in the periphery of social, economic and political strata of the colonial and the post-millennial India. Besides the Subaltern Studies’ scholars, Tamen and Garnett’s notion on ‘self,’ ‘interpretation,’ ‘agency’ and ‘resistance’ have been applied to show the way subalterns overcome their subordination in the existing social order. From the standpoint of Nehru’s promise, this study critiques the politics and the position of the subaltern in the first decade of the twentieth century as presented in Roy.
The Journey from Essence to Existence in Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching
Authors: Bhandari Sabindra Raj 
Published: March 2022

This article examines Lao Tzu’s classical work Tao Te Ching with the concepts of essence and existence that predominantly guide the philosophy of existence propounded by Jean-Paul Sartre. Tao Te Ching provides the way to pursuit identity in the world. It centralizes on the making of the self. To cultivate the identity, one should face the realitie. Then one realizes that existence antecedes the essence because one becomes what one chooses. Essence is simply biological and not the destiny rather what we create out of multiple choices construct our individuality. This realization is the perfect way to be an evolved individual. This is another way of defining the concept of existence delivered by Tzu and Sartre. Likewise, both Tzu and Sartre agree that human exists at first. His/her existential journey starts with the materialization of facticity that s/he crisscrosses in the world. All these aspects are the fundamentals of Tao Te Ching and Sartre’s philosophy of existence. This paper becomes a landmark to perceive how the philosophical beats vibrate equally both in classical work and modern philosophy. To examine all these concepts, the article has used the textual analysis method, following the paradigm of qualitative approach to research.
Effect of Silibinin in Lowering the Intraocular Pressure in Normotensive Rabbits: Interaction with Pilocarpine and Cyclopentolate
Authors: A. Hussain Saad , M. Mohammed Haider , H. Abdulrazzaq Munaf , T. Numan Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Previous data indicated the effectiveness of silibinin as intraocular pressure (IOP) - lowering agent. The present study was performed to evaluate the interaction of silibinin with pilocarpine or cyclopentolate in lowering IOP in normotensive rabbits. The effects of topically instilled silibinin hemisuccinate solution (0.75%) alone or adjunctly combined with 2% pilocarpine or 1% cyclopentolate on the IOP of normotensive rabbits were evaluated using indentation tonometry. The results showed that 0.75% solution of silibinin was found more potent than pilocarpine (2% drops) in lowering IOP of normotensive rabbits, while their combination results in longer duration of action. Moreover, the elevated IOP values produced by cyclopentolate (1%drops) were decreased by silibinin, while prior instillation of cyclopentolate did not interfere with the IOP-lowering effect of silibinin. In conclusion Silibinin lowers IOP in normotensive rabbits more than pilocarpine, and their combination elongates the duration of the IOP-lowering effect. This might be due to interference with aqueous humor formation as a possible mechanism. In addition, cyclopentolate did not significantly alter the effect of silibinin on IOP.
Key words: silibinin, IOP, pilocarpine, cyclopentolate
Evaluation of the Role of Interleukein-2 and Interleukein-4 in the Immunopathogenesis of Steroid Therapy Resistance in Iraqi Asthmatic Patients
Authors: A. Sahib Adel , Wahab A.Al-Shaikely Abdul 
Published: March 2022

Interleukins (IL-2 and IL-4) are increased in asthmatics and were reported to induce resistance to steroid therapy in some patients who fail to get benefit from glucocorticoids when used in full dose and for long period of time. In this context, the present study was conducted on Iraqi patients to provide additional laboratory mean, beside the clinical diagnosis, for the decision whether the asthma is steroid sensitive or resistant by monitoring the level of immunoglobulins, complement proteins and interleukins among asthmatic patients (steroid sensitive or resistant) and the possible contribution of other factors like age, sex and environments in the development of steroid resistance. A total number of 55 asthmatics and 28 normal subjects were enrolled in the study. Patients were diagnosed clinically as steroid sensitive (SSA) and steroid resistant (SRA) and blood samples were taken from all subjects included in the study for the measurement of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE), complement proteins (C3 and C4), interleukins (Il-2 and Il-4), and total and differential WBC counts.The results showed no age, sex and residence dependency of acquired steroid resistance, while smoking habit (and may be the atopic allergy) constitute marked predisposing factors. The level of IgA and IgE were high in both SRA and SSA, while IgG level was low in SRA. Complement proteins (C3 and C4) were not differ in asthmatic patients in comparison with control group. The interesting results were those concerning interleukins. The levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were very high in SRA than in SSA. These are parallel with high lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in blood samples of those patients.In conclusion, beside clinical diagnostic features concerning the dose and duration of therapy with glucocorticoids, monitoring the levels of IL-2 and IL-4 could provide additional laboratory diagnostic measures for the convincing decision that asthma is steroid resistant.
Key words: steroid resistant asthma, steroid sensitive asthma, IL-2, IL-4
Penyuluhan Kesehatan Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Hipertensi Pada Posyandu di Desa Condong Kabupaten Oku Timur
Authors: Tulaisyah Nur Hidaya , Rilyani Rilyani 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK Kasus ini akan semakin tinggi pada tahun 2025, dengan jumlah 1,15 milyar kasus, atau sekitar 29% dari total penduduk dunia, seperti ini. In general, 80% of kematian ibu hamil yang tergolong dalam penyebab kematian ibu secara langsung, yaitu disebabkan karena terjadi perdarahan (25%) biasanya perdarahan pasca persalinan, hipertensi pada ibu hamil (12%), partus macet (8%), aborsi (13) dan karena (7 percent ). Tujuan dari penyuluahan singkat, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan dalam memberikan bantuan hidup dasar bagi korban yang mengeluh tentang ibu hamil dalam hipertensi yang dimana bisa merenggut nyawa seorang ibu. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa pelatihan singkat dengan pemberian materi tentang standar pola makan yang baik untuk penderita hipertensi pada ibu hamil. Kemudian screening ulang akan diketahui tingkat penurunan skala darah tinggi penderita hipertensi pada ibu hamil setelah merubah pola makan yang teratur, supaya mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal untuk penderita hipertensi pada ibu hamil. Kata Kunci: Penyuluhan, Kesehatan Pada Ibu Hamil, Hipertensi, Posyandu Desa ABSTRACT This case will be even higher in 2025, with 1.15 billion cases, or about 29% of the total world population, like this. In general, 80% of maternal deaths are classified as direct causes of maternal death, which are caused by bleeding (25%) usually postpartum bleeding, hypertension in pregnant women (12%), obstructed labor (8%), abortion ( 13) and because (7 percent) (WHO, 2012). The purpose of this brief counseling is to increase knowledge and ability in providing basic life support for victims who complain about pregnant women with hypertension which can take the life of a mother. The activities carried out are in the form of short training with the provision of material on good dietary standards for patients with hypertension in pregnant women. Then re-screening will find out the level of reduction in the high blood scale of hypertension sufferers in pregnant women after changing the appropriate diet. Keywords: Counseling, Health for Pregnant Women, Hypertension, Village Posyandu
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pembuatan Paving Block dari Sampah Plastik
Authors: Lating Zulfikar , Dolang Mariene Wiwin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK Masalah kesehatan dan pencemaran lingkungan dapat ditimbulkan karena peningkatan sampah. Desa Negeri Lima merupakan desa yang terletak dipesisir wilayah pantai yang permasalahannya adalah kebanyakan rumah tangga belum mempunyai tempat pembuangan sampah dan masih melakukan pembuangan sampah disekitar rumah. Meningkatnya jumlah sampah dari hari kehari dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penumpukan sampah dan mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah di Desa Negeri Lima, maka diperlukan daur ulang sampah, khususnya sampah plastik. Salah satu cara untuk mendaur ulang sampah plastik agar menarik adalah dengan membuat paving block. Metode yang digunakan pada pengabdian ini adalah kunjungan lapangan berupa pemberian sosialisasi kepada masyarakat dan pelatihan pembuatan paving block dari sampah plastik. Berdasarkan pelatihan yang dilaksanakan telah didapatkan hasil berupa peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat dari 55 menjadi 79 tentang sampah, pengolahan sampah dan cara membuat paving block dari sampah plastik. Kata Kunci : Penanganan Sampah, Sampah Plastik, Pembuatan Paving BlokABSTRACT Health problems and environmental pollution can be caused by an increase in waste. Negeri Lima Village is a village located on the coast of a coastal area where the problem is that most households do not have a garbage disposal site and still dispose of garbage around the house. The increasing amount of waste from day to day can lead to accumulation of garbage and lead to environmental pollution. To reduce the amount of waste in Negeri Lima Village, it is necessary to recycle waste, especially plastic waste. One way to recycle plastic waste to make it attractive is to make paving blocks. The method used in this service is field visits in the form of providing socialization to the community and training on making paving blocks from plastic waste. Based on the training carried out, results have been obtained in the form of increasing public understanding from 55 to 79 about waste, waste processing and how to make paving blocks from plastic waste. Keywords: Waste Handling, Plastic Waste, Paving Block Making
Prevalensi Pendarahan Retina Pada Penderita Diabetes Melliitus di Poliklinik Mata Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Bandar Lampung
Authors: Syuhada Rahmat , Muchtar Helmi , Detty Ade Utia , Serly Komang Surya 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Retinal hemorrhages is bleeding that can lead to bllured vision and even gradually result in blindnes, one of the etiologies of retinal hemorrhages is diabetes mellitus, retinopathy has potential to damage the retinal blood vessels cronically progressively. To determine the prevalence of retinal hemorrhages on diabetes mellitus sufferers on polyclinic opthalmology bitang amin husada hospital. This study uses a descriptive retrospective method with medical record, the sample is 120 samples. The results of univariate analysis are, 1) retinal hemorrhages in diabetes was 67,5%, 2) women experienced retinal hemorrhages more frequently,51 of 81 sufferers 3) retinal hemorrhage was mostly found at 50-59 years old, namely 39 sufferers 4) the duration of suffering from diabetes was mostly foundin 5-15 years with 25 patients. Retinal hemorrhages are more common found than without retinal hemorrhages in DM patients, retinal hemorrhages affects women more than men, retinal hemorrhages most common at 50-59 years old, retinal hemorrhages is common in people with diabetes for 5-15 years Keywords: Retinal hemorrhages, DM ABSTRAK Pendarahan retina adalah pendarahan yang dapat mengakibatkan penglihatan buram bahkan lambat laun mengakibatkan kebutaan, salah satu etiologi pendarahan retina yaitu Diabetes Mellitus, retinopati pada DM berpotensi merusak pembuluh darah retinal secara kronis progresif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi pendarahan retina pada penderita DM di Poliklinik Mata Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakanmetode deskriptif retrospectif dengan data sekunder, dengan sampel sebanyak 120 sampel. Hasil analisis univariat, 1) pendarahan retina pada DM terjadi sebanyak 67,5% 2) wanita lebih banyak mengalami pendarahan retina, yaitu 51 dari 81 penderita 3) pendarahan retina paling banyak ditemukan pada usia 50-59 tahun yaitu 39 penderita 4) Durasi menderita DM paling banyak ditemukan pada 5-15 tahun dengan jumlah 25 penderita. Pendarahan retina lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan tidak terjadinya pendarahan retina pada penderita DM, wanita lebih banyak mengalami pendarahan retina dibandingkan dengan pria, pada usia 50-59 tahun terjadi pendarahan retina terbanyak, pendarahan retina dengan durasi DM 5-15 tahun paling banyak ditemukan. Kata Kunci: : pendarahan retina, diabetes mellitus
Penurunan Tingkat Kesepian Setelah Mengikuti Therapy Metode Bermain Ular Tangga pada Lansia
Authors: Safriyanti Anggi , Iksan Ricky Riyanto , Wahyuningsih Sri Atun 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTLoneliness in the elderly is one of the causes in the elderly, loneliness problems or physical changes occur due to aging processes. Someone who said the elderly aged 60-74 year old group. This study aims to reduce lonely to loneliness in the elderly in the area of Puskesmas Puskesmas Kepa Kebon Jeruk District, West Jakarta. The type of research is used is Case Study Design Yaiu a form of case study research and intervention on a problem that has the nature of specificity with the aim of learning intensively regarding social units such as associations, individuals and groups, families and even the wider community. The results of the study on 4 respondents showed that playing snake and ladder therapy had an effect on reducing the level of loneliness in the elderly. The value of decreasing loneliness in respondent 1 was 65 severe loneliness to 45 low loneliness, respondent 2 severe loneliness 75 to 45 low loneliness, respondent 3 moderate loneliness 55 to 30 not lonely and respondent 4 moderately lonely 50 to 45 low lonely. The conclusion of this study is playing snakes and ladders has shown a significant positive result in reducing the level of loneliness in the elderly. Keywords: Play Snake Stairs, Loneliness, Elderly ABSTRAKKesepian pada lansia merupakan salah satu penyebab yang di alami lansia, masalah kesepian atau perubahan fisik terjadi akibat proses menua. Seseorang yang dikatakan lansia berusia berusia 60-74 tahun kelompok Elderly. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan tingat kesepian pada loneliness pada lansia di Wilayah Kelurahan Puskesmas Duri Kepa Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk Jakarta Barat. Jenis penelitian iyang digunakan adalah case study design yaiu suatu bentuk penelitian studi kasus dan intervensi tentang suatu masalah yang memiliki sifat kekhususan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari secara intensif mengenai unit-unit sosial seperti perhimpunan, perorangan maupun kelompok, keluarga dan bahkan masyarakat luas. Hasil penelitian pada 4 responden menunjukkan therapy bermain ular tangga memiliki pengaruh untuk menurunkan tingkat kesepian pada lansia nilai penurunan kesepian pada responden 1 yaitu 65 kesepian berat menjadi 45 kesepian rendah, responden 2 kesepian berat 75 menjadi 45 kesepian rendah, responden 3 kesepian sedang 55 menjadi 30 tidak kesepian dan responden 4 kesepian sedang 50 menjadi 45 kesepian rendah. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini Bermain ular tangga telah menunjukkan hasil positif secara signifikan untuk mengurangi tingkat kesepian pada lansia. Kata Kunci: Bermain Ular Tangga, Kesepian, Lansia
Pendidikan Kesehatan Pada Lansia dengan Persepsi Sensorik Gangguan Penglihatan: Katarak di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Binjai
Authors: Zebua Sefriwan , Pangaribuan Resmi , Tarigan Jemaulana 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Aging is a continuous process of tissue's ability damage to repair and maintain the structure and function normally. A cataract is known as a visual impairment and disease that is common in the elderly, but it also can be caused by congenital anomalies. Health education is the activity which is carried out by spreading the knowledge in order that the people realize and understand in conducting health suggestions. The method used descriptive case study design by using the nursing process approach which includes assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The population in this study were the patients with the research subject of two elderly with the same case. The results obtained the descriptions of the first and second cases named Mr. M and Mrs. S after conducting 4 days of health education. The patient's knowledge increased by being able to explain about cataracts. The statement and observation of the patients showed that the problem of sensory perception disorders in patients was resolved. It can be concluded that the nursing process by using health education could increase the knowledge in the elderly. The results of the study can be used as advice for other researchers to conduct further research on gerontic nursing care with visual disorders: Cataracts in the elderly. Keywords: Health Education, Elderly, Sensory Perception, Cataract ABSTRAK Penuaan adalah proses yang terus menerus dari kerusakan kemampuan jaringan untuk memperbaiki dan mempertahankan struktur dan fungsi secara normal. Katarak dikenal sebagai gangguan penglihatan dan merupakan penyakit yang umum terjadi pada lansia, selain itu katarak juga dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan kongenital. Pendidikan kesehatan adalah kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan menyebarkan pengetahuan agar masyarakat sadar dan mengerti dalam melakukan sugesti kesehatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah desain studi kasus deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan proses keperawatan yang meliputi pengkajian, diagnosis, intervensi, implementasi dan evaluasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien dengan subjek penelitian dua orang lansia dengan kasus yang sama. Hasil penelitian didapatkan gambaran kasus pertama dan kedua bernama Tn. M dan Ny. S setelah dilakukan penyuluhan kesehatan selama 4 hari. Pengetahuan pasien bertambah dengan mampu menjelaskan tentang katarak. Pernyataan dan observasi pasien menunjukkan bahwa masalah gangguan persepsi sensorik pada pasien teratasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses keperawatan dengan menggunakan pendidikan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan pada lansia. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai masukan bagi peneliti lain untuk melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang asuhan keperawatan gerontik dengan gangguan penglihatan: Katarak pada lanjut usia. Kata kunci: Pendidikan Kesehatan, Lansia, Persepsi Sensorik, Katarak
Financing for Islamic Higher Education (A Case Study in STIT Al-Ittihadiyah Labuhanbatu Utara)
Authors: Siahaan Amiruddin , Napitupulu Dedi Sahputra , Nasution Zulkipli 
Published: March 2022

This research aims to investigate the Islamic higher education finance structure, particularly in terms of the source of money and their usage. This research used a qualitative approach that employed a case study with data collecting techniques such as interviews, observations, and document studies. Informants in this research were chairman of Al-Ittihadiyah North Sumatra, the chairman of the Al-Ittihadiyah Education Foundation in Labuhanbatu Utara, the chairman of STIT AILU, the treasurer of STIT AILU, and students. While the analysis of this research data used data collection techniques, data presentation, reduction, and verification. According to the findings of this study, STIT AILU received educational support from the Al-Ittihadiyah organization in North Sumatra, local governments, student tuition payments, and the waqf movement. Meanwhile, education funds were allocated for campus management and infrastructure completion. Additionally, funds were utilized to improve the quality of Human Resources (HR) by providing further education scholarships to permanent professors and different academic events such as seminars and conferences.