bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Microencapsulated Curacron for Controlling Tobacco Budworm, 1990
Authors: Latheef M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A microencapsulated formulation of Curacron 4 CS (CS = capsule suspension) was compared with Curacron 8 EC against TBW larvae on cotton. Test insects were obtained from a colony of susceptible TBW maintained at the Southern Field Crop Insect Management Laboratory, Stoneville, Miss. Treatments were applied to 2-mo-old cotton plants under a spray table using 2 nozzles (650033 and 8002E) which respectively delivered 1.12 and 2.28 gal/acre. The AI was 0.25 lb/acre. The volume median diam of droplets in the selected plumes of the 650033 and 8002E nozzles averaged 200 and 300 microns in diam, respectively. Ten TBW larvae prefed on cotton plants for 48 h were placed with a camel hair brush on terminal leaves and on leaves in close proximity to the terminal of plants, 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after spraying with Curacron. Untreated plants were used for each treatment. Mortality of the larvae was determined 5 d after exposure to Curacron. The experimental units were assembled in a split-split-plot design with 3 replications. Nozzles comprised the main plot, formulation was the sub-plot, and the days posttreatment were randomly assigned as sub-sub-plots. Each experiment was repeated 4 times and conducted on 21 Jun, 20 Jul, 2 and 3 Aug. Data were pooled over each date and analyzed as a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Ovo-Larvidical Activity of Selected Insecticides, 1990
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. , Long D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot insecticide trial was conducted on the Northeast Research Station (Macon Ridge Branch) near Winnsboro, La., to compare the ovicidal activity and residual toxicity of selected insecticides against tobacco budworm and bollworm on cotton. Cotton was planted on 11 Jun in plots 4 rows (40-inch centers) × 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied on 14 Aug with a compressed air delivery system and tractor mounted boom calibrated to deliver 5 gal total spray solution/acre through Teejet X-6 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 44 psi. No insecticides had been applied on those plots prior to the initiation of this trial. Eggs were collected 4 and 48 h posttreatment from the center 2 rows of each plot. Samples of freshly laid white eggs (10/plot) and a small piece of foliage to which the eggs were attached were removed from the plants and transported to the laboratory. Eggs were individually placed into 1 oz plastic cups partially filled with artificial diet for rearing tobacco budworm and bollworm. Mortality to eggs and larvae were determined 96 h after each field collection. The surviving cohort of larvae in the control treatments were reared to adults and the species composition was found to be 100% tobacco budworm. No rainfall occurred during this test.
Control of Tobacco Budworm and Bollworm in Late August with Post Optimal Application Timing, 1990
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 16 Jun in 4 row plots on 40-inch centers × 50 ft on the Northeast Research Station (Macon Ridge Branch) near Winnsboro, La. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied on 19 and 24 Aug. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gal total spray/acre through TX-5 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 40 psi. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 cotton fruit (squares and bolls) for evidence of damage and the presence of larvae. No foliar insecticides had been applied to the plots prior to this test. The test plots received 1.6-inch rainfall on 20 Aug.
Early Season Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides, 1990
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. , Long D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 25 Apr in 4 row plots on 40-inch centers × 50- ft at the Northeast Research Station (Macon Ridge Branch) near Winnsboro, La. The test field was not treated with an in-furrow insecticide at planting, but Terraclor Super × (10 lb form./acre) was applied to control seedling diseases. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 5 gal total spray/ acre through TX-4 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 44 psi. Plots were treated on 29 May and sampled on 31 May (2 DAT) and 5 Jun (7 DAT). Treatments were evluated by randomly collecting 10 plants each plot and processing samples with whole plant washing procedures. Thrips and aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm) and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. The test plots received 2.3-inch rainfall on 31 May and a trace amount of rainfall on 3 Jun.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides for Plant Bug Control, 1990
Authors: Micinski S. , Kirby M. L. , Graves J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of 12 insecticides was conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, La., to determine the efficacy of the selected materials against plant bugs/fleahoppers on cotton. Cotton was planted 1 May on 1.02-m centers. Experimental plots were 8 rows × 30.5 m and were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 19 Jun with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of finished spray solution/acre at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. A 24-h pretreatment count was made on 18 Jun. Posttreatment counts were made at 4 h, 48 h, and 5 d. All counts were made by sweeping each plot (25 sweeps/plot) with a standard sweep net (38.1-cm diam).
White Apple Leafhopper Control in Large Blocks, 1990
Authors: Beers E. H. , Browne R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in an 11-yr-old orchard with under-tree irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with pretreatment counts as the blocking factor. There were three 0.09 ha replicates/treatment. Treatments were applied twice during the season, once during each of the two peak populations of nymphs using an airblast sprayer applying about 400 gal/ acre. Dates of applications were 2-3 May (first generation) and 14 Aug (second generation). Distribution of nymphal instars on spray dates were as follows: lst-3rd 87%, 4th-5th 13% (first generation); lst-3rd 70%, 4th-5fh 30%. Leafhopper nymph densities were determined by counting the 20 randomly selected leaves/tree on 6 tagged trees/plot (360 leaves/treatment). Counts were taken at about 1-wk intervals when nymphs were present.
Jojoba Thrips Control, 1989
Authors: Rethwisch Michael D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments, 4 citrus oil treatments and a water treatment were applied 24 Mar to a 6-yr-old plantation of jojoba located near Tacna, Ariz. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of 25 ft of row. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 13.2 gal/acre at 30 psi with a T-Jet 8004 nozzle. Two passes, one on each side of the row, were made to spray the plots. Plants were approximately 5.5 ft tall when treated. Samples were taken 25 and 31 Mar (1 and 7 DAT). Plots were sampled by beating terminal foliage over a screened 5.5 × 7 × 1 inch deep black wooded box and counting thrips. Six samples/plot were taken the first sample date and 4 samples/plot on 31 Mar. Only 3 replications were sampled on 25 Mar due to a rainstorm that disrupted sampling. Only female plants were sampled on both dates.
Evaluation of Granular Insecticides for Control of Lesser Cornstalk Borer in Irrigated and Unirrigated Tropical Corn, and in Two Levels of Soil Ph in Peanuts, 1990
Authors: Backman C. B. , Miller M. K. , Mack T. P. , Prescott S. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granular treatments were applied to conventionally tilled and planted fields of tropical corn and peanuts in sandy loam soil at the Wiregrass Experiment Substation at Headland, Ala. Four replicates of 3 treatments and an untreated control were planted in a randomized complete block design for tropical corn, and 4 replicates of 4 treatments and an untreated control were planted in a randomized complete block design for peanuts. Treatments were applied to fields with a single-row, small-plot, granular applicator in a 7-inch band over the row. A liquid methyl parathion treatment was applied to the foliage in peanuts weekly for 4 consecutive wk using a boom sprayer with 1 hollow cone nozzle per row at 40 psi and delivering 8 gal/acre. Tropical corn plots were 12 rows wide (36-inch row spacing) × 60 ft long, and treatments were applied to both fields at emergence (13 Jun). One field was irrigated on 2 Jun (pre-planting) and at 15 and 47 DAT with a center pivot irrigation system. The other field was not irrigated. Granular treatments were applied to peanuts at flowering (27 Jun) on the two fields with differing pH. Plots were 6 rows wide (36-inch row spacing) and 50 ft long. A soil sample was taken at 0, 6, 13, 20, 34 and 50 DAT from tropical corn plots and at 0, 6, 13, 28 and 43 DAT in peanuts. Each soil sample (12-inch wide × 4-inch long × 1-inch deep) consisted of 3 subsamples from within each plot, and sampled areas were flagged to prevent resampling. Soil samples were returned to the laboratory and refrigerated until processed. Soil from each treatment was air dried to &lt;1.0% moisture and placed in 1-oz plastic cups to a depth of 0.5 inch. Larvae were placed in cups and artificial insect diet was provided as a food source. Efficacy of pesticides was evaluated by exposing 27 first-instar lesser cornstalk borer larvae (3 replicates times 3 cups per replicate times 3 larvae per cup) to each treatment. At the end of 72 h exposure, living and dead insects were counted.
Southern Corn Rootworm Control in Peanuts, North Carolina, 1990
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts grown under standard production practices were used to evaluate several rootworm control measures on the Nevis Leary farm in Washington County. Soil humic matter was 0.8% and pH was 6.0. Temik was applied in the seed furrow at 1 lb Al/acre by the cooperator. Four plots were treated with Thimet at-plant for a subsequent Thimet at-pegging combination. Plots were 4 rows × 20 ft (36 inch centers) with 4 replicates/treatment and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block. Most treatments were applied at pegging time; however, some insecticides had other application timings. The at-flower treatments were applied on 20 Jun using a bicycle-wheel granular applicator with a Noble metering unit to apply a 12 inch wide band. The at-pegging treatments were applied on 11 Jul using the same applicator. A delayed treatment of Lorsban and 1 of Mocap was applied 5 Aug. In addition, 2 treatments (Karate and Larvin) consisted of foliar sprays applied on 18, 31 Jul, and 16 Aug. Growing conditions were somewhat dry until late Jul. Peanuts were sampled for rootworm damage on 15 Sep by collecting 100 pods at random from plants in the two left hand rows of the plots. Pods were placed in plastic bags and returned to the laboratory and examined for rootworm damage. Peanuts were dug 1 Oct and harvested 10 Oct. Yield was determined by harvesting and weighing all pods in the 2 right-hand rows of the plots. Harvest moisture was 13.97%. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. All data were transformed X + 0.5 prior to analysis, but actual means are reported.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mite in Peanut, 1990
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected pesticides were evaluated for control of TSSM in cv. NC-11C virginiatype peanut in Isle of Wight County, Va. Peanuts were planted 5 May using a 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were applied on 30 Jul using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal formulation per acre at 50 psi through three, D2-13 disc-core cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top and 1 on each side. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated 3 h before and 2, 4, 8 and 14 DAT by comparing the number of live mites in a 1.5 cm diam area on 2 randomly selected leaflets/plot. Mite counts were made in the field using 10 × magnification lenses.
Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Injury in Peanut, 1990
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected insecticides were evaluated for control of SCR pod injury in cv. NC 10C Virginia-type peanut in Isle of Wight County, Va. Peanuts were planted on 3 May using a 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were applied at pegging time (5 Jul) in a 14-inch band over the row using an electrically driven, tractor-mounted Noble metering unit, then lightly soil incorporated with cultivator sweeps in row middles. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Pod injury was determined on 20 Sep from 100 randomly selected pods per plot, taken from 5 plants/plot (20 pods/plant). Yield was based on digging, combining (15 Oct), drying and weighting peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot.
Rice Water Weevil vs. Cycloprothrin, 1990
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 13 × 6 ft, broadcast sown on 2 May to dry soil at 100 lb seed/acre, and fertilized on the same date with urea at 110 lb N/acre. Plots were flush irrigated (flooded for 24 to 48 h then drained) 3, 8, 11, 18, and 26 May. Seedlings emerged through soil on 13 May and propanil, thiobencarb, and bentazon were applied 30 May at 3, 2, and 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. Metal barriers were placed around the plots to prevent interplot contamination followed by application of the permanent flood on 3 Jun (21 d after seedling emergence through soil). All treatments were applied with a handheld shaker at times and rates specified in the table. On 21 Jun (between 2 and 3 wk after application of treatments) 5, 4 inch diam × 4 inch deep, soil cores were removed from each plot. Each core contained approximately 1 plant with associated roots. Cores were washed and inspected for immature RWW. On 27 Jun plots were treated with bensulfuron methyl at 1.0 oz (AI)/acre. On 6 Jul (panicle differentiation) plots were fertilized with urea at 60 lb N/acre. Plots were harvested with a small combine on 21 Aug. Grain was air dried to 12% moisture and milled.
Velvetbean Caterpillar and Soybean Looper Control, 1990
Authors: Layton Blake , Hamer Jim , Rector Terry , Ingram David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two efficacy trials were conducted against velvetbean caterpillar (VBC) and soybean looper (SBL) in commercial soybeans. In both trials treatments were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.9 gal of finished spray/acre through 8001 flat-fan nozzle tips at 40 psi. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and were sampled using a 15-inch-diam sweep net. Trial I was initiated on 5 Sep in Warren County, Miss., in soybeans planted on 20 inch rows. Trial II was initiated on 8 Sep in Hinds County in Pioneer 9641 soybeans planted on 36 inch rows. No rain fell in either trial prior to the 2 DAT counts, but 0.7 inches fell in Trial I between 2 and 7 DAT and 3.3 inches fell in Trial II between 2 and 9 DAT. Pretreatment counts were 13 SBL and 7 VBC per 25 sweeps in Trial I and 12 SBL and 110 VBC per 25 sweeps in Trial II.
Control of Soybean Loopers in Central Louisiana, 1990
Authors: Wier Alan T. , Boethel David J. , Mink Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two small plot insecticide trials were conducted at Hamburg, La., to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides for control of the soybean looper. Plots measuring 60 ft (Test I) and 50 ft (Test II) × 8 rows (30 inch spacing) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gal/acre at 40 psi through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Treatments were applied on 30 Aug (Test I) and 1 Sep (Test II) to Delta Pine 105 soybeans in the R6 growth stage. Posttreatment counts were taken at 2 and 7 d (Test I) and 2 and 5 d (Test II) using two, 25 sweep samples (15 inch diam sweep net) per plot. On Sep 5, 0.4 inch of rainfall was measured.
Sugarbeet Root Aphid Control in Southern Minnesota, 1990
Authors: Campbell Christopher D. , Hutchison William D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Performance of granular insecticides and granular plus liquid insecticide combinations against SRA were evaluated in small plot trials near Maynard, Minn. Sugar beets were planted on 23 Apr in a field planted the previous year with sugar beets. Each treatment consisted of four 50-ft rows on 22-inch centers, with plants thinned to 8 inches. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications; 1 untreated row bordered treatments on either side. Granular insecticides were applied on 9 and 10 Jul in a 7-inch band on both sides to the base of plants using a Noble applicator. Liquid insecticides were applied 30 Aug in a directed spray at the base of the plants using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 27 gal/A. Five plants from each replication (20/treatment) were dug on 6 Aug and 11 Sep and 10 plants from each replication (40/treatment) on 4 Oct at harvest. SRA colonies on the beet surface and surrounding soil within 2 inches of the beet surface were collected and total aphids counted.
Late Season Tobacco Budworm and Tobacco Hornworm Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1990
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Mintarsih T. , Donohue J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga., on 26 Mar. Plots 4 rows wide (36 in. apart) × 20 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single untreated border rows and blocks were separated by 5 ft vacant alleys. Five insecticide treatments were applied on 6 Aug on tobacco that had regrown from plants that had been cropped in early Jul. The treatments were applied with a CO2- powered backpack sprayer, designed with 3, TX-12 nozzles directed over the row, delivering 23.6 gal/acre of formulation at 35 psi. The no. of live budworms and hornworms/5 plants was recorded 3, 7, 11, and 14 DAT.
Tobacco Aphid and Tobacco Flea Beetle Control with Chemicals Applied to the Soil Before Transplanting 1990
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , David Reed T. , Barnes Martha L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various combinations of soil insecticides, herbicides and fungicides were tested for their effects on aphid populations and flea beetle feeding injury to tobacco grown on a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil near Blackstone, Va. Treatments were applied to plots 40 ft long (24 plants) × 8 ft (2 rows wide. Treatment plots were set up in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots were separated by single border rows on each side and blocks were separated by 5 or 10 ft vacant alleys. Broadcast treatments were applied on 2 May using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 25 gal/acre at 30 psi through 8003 flat-fan tips spaced 20 inches apart on the boom. Treatments were incorporated immediately after application by double disking. Temik was applied in a 12-inch band using a Gandy granular applicator mounted on a pushcart and incorporated immediately by bedding on 3 May. Tobacco was transplanted into test plots on 15 May. Every 7-12 d throughout the test, aphid population estimates were made on 4 upper leaves at least 6 inches long on 10 plants/plot. Flea beetle feeding holes were also counted on the most damaged leaf of 10 plants/plot on 30 May and 11 Jun. Data were transformed to Log10(X + 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented.
Aphid Control on Burley Tabocco, 1990
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Litton James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine treatments were evaluated for control of the tobacco aphid on burley tobacco at the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Glade Spring, Va. Tobacco was transplanted on 1 Jun in plots 30 ft (16 plants) × 8 ft (2 rows). A randomized complete block design was utilized and treatments were replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single untreated border rows and blocks were separated by vacant 5 ft alleys. Immediately after transplanting, 8 fl oz of Orthene transplant water solution (340 gal/acre) was applied to each plant in designated plots using a measuring cup. Foliar treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 24 gal/acre through 3, TX-lO hollow cone nozzles/row at 60 psi. Foliar treatments were applied on 17 Jul, except for one Orthene treatment which was applied on 1 Aug. When treatments were applied on 17 Jul, the weather conditions were hazy, wind calm and the temperature ranged from 75°80°F. There was no measurable rainfall for 2 DAT. Aphid infestations on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot were rated on a scale of 0-7, where 0 = 0 aphids; 1 = 1-10 aphids; 2 = 11-50 aphids; 3 = 51-100 aphids; 4 = 101-500 aphids; 5 = 500-1,000 aphids; 6 = 1,001-5,000 aphids and 7 = more than 5,000 aphids. Counts were made immediately before application of foliar treatments on 17 Jul, and at 7, 15, 23 and 30 DAT.
Tobacco Insect Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1990
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , David Reed T. , Barnes Martha L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, Va., to test various soil, transplant water and foliar treatments for TA and TFB control on tobacco. Tobacco was transplanted into Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 9 May. Experimental plots were 40 ft (24 plants) × 8 ft (2 rows) and separated by single untreated border rows. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was utilized to evaluate the treatments. Blocks were separated by 5 or 10 ft vacant alleys. Telone II was applied broadcast at 15 gal/acre on 13 Apr to reduce the impact of tobacco cyst nematodes (Globodera tabacum solanacearum [Miller & Gray] Behrens) on the tobacco. Liquid soil treatments were applied on 2 May using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 25.2 gal/ acre through 8003 flat-fan nozzles at 30 psi. Temik was applied in 12- and 24-inch bands using a Gandy granular applicator mounted on a pushcart and incorporated immediately by bedding. Orthene was applied as a transplant water treatment at 200 gal of solution/acre (116 ml/plant). Foliar applications of Orthene were applied on 6 and 27 Jul using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 25 gal/acre of finished spray through 3, TX-10 hollow cone nozzles/row at 60 psi. TFB feeding holes on the most damaged leaf were counted on 10 plants/plot. TA numbers were estimated for the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot. TA data were transformed to Log10(X + 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented.