bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voting with Their Thumbs: Assessing Communication Technology Use by Medical, Nursing, Midwifery, and Allied Health Clinicians
Authors: Lynch Doug , Jedwab Rebecca M. , Foster Joanne , Planche Yannick , Whitelaw Lucy , Shi Junyi , Rajagopalan Ashray , Franco Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Timely multidisciplinary communication is crucial to prevent patient harm related to miscommunication of clinical information. Many health care organizations provide secure communications systems; however, clinicians often use unapproved platforms on personal devices to communicate asynchronously.
Objective The aim of the study is to assess clinical communication behaviors by clinicians in a hospital setting.
Methods Medical, nursing and allied health staff working across seven hospital sites of a large health care organization were invited to complete an anonymous survey on the methods, behaviors, and rationale for clinical communication technology use. The survey included questions on communication methods used by clinicians for intra- and inter-disciplinary communication and sending and receiving clinical information or images. Demographics and qualitative comments were also collected.
Results A total of 836 surveys were completed (299 medical, 317 nursing, and 220 allied health staff). Staff in all clinical groups reported using an unapproved messaging platform to communicate patient information more than three times per day (medical staff n = 167, 55.9%; nursing staff n = 106, 33.4%; allied health staff n = 67, 30.5%). Not one medical staff member indicated they only use the approved methods (n = 0, 0%) while one-third of nursing and allied health respondents only used approved methods (n = 118, 37.2% and n = 64, 29.1%, respectively). All clinician groups reported wasted time from communications sent with missing information, or time spent waiting for responses for further information. Qualitative comments expressed dissatisfaction and frustration with current clinical communication methods and a desire for improved systems.
Conclusion Workarounds are being used by all clinician groups to send text and image clinical communications. There are high levels of dissatisfaction with this situation and clinicians are keen for consistency and to have the right tools available. There is a need to ensure standardized clinical communication methods and approved digital platforms are in place and utilized to provide safe, high-quality patient care.
Foundations of atomic-level plasma processing in nanoelectronics
Authors: Arts Karsten , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Ito Tomoko , Karahashi Kazuhiro , Knoops Harm C M , Mackus Adriaan J M , (Erwin) Kessels Wilhelmus M M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article discusses key elementary surface-reaction processes in state-of-the-art plasma etching and deposition relevant to nanoelectronic device fabrication and presents a concise guide to the forefront of research on plasma-enhanced atomic layer etching (PE-ALE) and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). As the critical dimensions of semiconductor devices approach the atomic scale, atomic-level precision is required in plasma processing. The development of advanced plasma processes with such accuracy necessitates an in-depth understanding of the surface reaction mechanisms. With this in mind, we first review the basics of reactive ion etching (RIE) and high-aspect-ratio (HAR) etching and we elaborate on the methods of PE-ALE and PE-ALD as surface-controlled processing, as opposed to the conventional flux-controlled processing such as RIE and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Second, we discuss the surface reaction mechanisms of PE-ALE and PE-ALD and the roles played by incident ions and radicals in their reactions. More specifically, we discuss the role of transport of ions and radicals, including their surface reaction probabilities and ion-energy-dependent threshold effects in processing over HAR features such as deep holes and trenches.
Nitrogen discharge characteristics and species kinetics in helicon plasma source
Authors: Zhang Tianliang , Cui Ruilin , Han Ruoyu , He Feng , Zhu Wanying , Xia Zhangyu , Cui Ying , Ouyang Jiting 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen (N2) helicon plasma is produced with radio frequency (RF) right-helical antenna at low pressures. Several wave modes and their transitions of N2 helicon discharge are observed experimentally. Blue Core phenomenon is achieved at high magnetic fields and high RF powers, with strong local blue light emissions of N II lines and high electron temperature inside the core area. Based on actinometric ratio and pressure balance model, species kinetics of N2 helicon plasma are analyzed. It is shown that about 79% of N2 molecules are dissociated and about 49% of the neutrals are ionized inside the Blue core in high magnetic field of 850 G and RF power of 2200 W. Nearly 99% of N2 molecules inside the core area are depleted considering the neutral density before and after discharge, from 7.3 × 1013 cm−3 to 6.5 × 1011 cm−3. Serious neutral depletion of N2 and N neutrals and high electron temperature are suggested to be the dominant causes for significant enhancement of central N II emissions (blue lights). Meanwhile, evolution of reaction processes indicates that N ionization and N+ excitation become dominant in BC mode. Besides, external magnetic field is an important factor to control the discharge mode transitions as well as the radial distributions of plasmas. From the calculated results of dispersion relation, the cavity mode resonance, rather than antenna coupling resonance, of helicon waves plays a dominant role on the wave mode formation and RF energy coupling between RF antenna and plasma. The mode transition results from excitation of helicon wave of higher axial eigenmode. N2 helicon plasma shows different characteristics from argon in mode transition, spectral emission and Blue Core formation. It is due to the high dissociation energy of N2 molecules (9.8 eV) and extensive dissociation and ionization processes. This results in a higher RF power as well as magnetic field for helicon wave coupled mode in N2 helicon plasma than that in Ar plasma.
Hysteresis dynamics of rare earth nickelates: unusual scaling exponent and asymmetric spinodal decomposition
Authors: Prajapati G L , Kundu Satyaki , Das Sarmistha , V V Tharun Dev , Rana D S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of phase-transitions, interpretations of their experimental observations and their agreement with theoretical predictions continue to be a long-standing research interest. Here, we present detailed phase-transition dynamics of rare earth nickelates associated with its first-order metal–insulator transition. The thermal hysteresis shows absence of training effect and defies the Preisach model. A large phase-coexistence in insulating state during cooling suggests kinetically arrested glassy dynamics of the phase-transition. Experimentally derived hysteresis scaling exponent is much larger than the mean-field predicted universal value of 2/3. In the phase-coexistence region, the quench and hold measurement depicts higher stability of the metallic state compare to that of the insulating one; highlighting the manifestation of phase-coexistence via asymmetric spinodal decomposition. All these observations for nickelates are in stark contrast to the phase-transition dynamics of canonically similar vanadates but are closer to those of glasses, alloys. A substantial disagreement between the experiment and theory emphasizes the necessity to incorporate system-dependent details for the accurate interpretation of the experimental results.
Effect of annealing temperature on response time of ZnO photoconductor fabricated using thermal evaporation technique
Authors: C Rajkumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
ZnO has been deposited on SiO2/Si substrate using thermal evaporation technique. Further, the deposited ZnO thin film has been annealed at 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C separately. The deposited ZnO thin films have been characterized using Ultraviolet-visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The deposited ZnO thin films have multiphase structures of ZnO such as hexagonal, unknown and cubic. UV-visible spectra of deposited films show absorbance edges in UV and visible regions. The average particle size of non-annealed ZnO is ∼60 nm, whereas annealed ZnO (at 800 °C) is ∼124 nm. The average surface roughness of ZnO sample annealed at 800 °C is lower than that of non-annealed ZnO sample and ZnO samples annealed at 400 °C and 600 °C. Sputtering technique has been used to make gold contact on ZnO film for testing the photoconductivity property. The rise time of ZnO photoconductor annealed at 800 °C (Tr = 0.04 s) is very fast as compared to that of all other ZnO photoconductors prepared using non-annealed ZnO sample and ZnO samples annealed at 400 °C and 600 °C.
ATOCA: an Algorithm to Treat Order Contamination. Application to the NIRISS SOSS Mode
Authors: Darveau-Bernier Antoine , Albert Loïc , Talens Geert Jan , Lafrenière David , Radica Michael , Doyon René , Cook Neil J. , Rowe Jason F. , Allart Romain , Artigau Étienne , Benneke Björn , Cowan Nicolas , Dang Lisa , Espinoza Néstor , Johnstone Doug , Kaltenegger Lisa , Lim Olivia , Pauly Tyler , Pelletier Stefan , Piaulet Caroline , Roy Arpita , Roy Pierre-Alexis , Splinter Jared , Taylor Jake , Turner Jake D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
After a successful launch, the James Webb Space Telescope is preparing to undertake one of its principal mission objectives, the characterization of the atmospheres of exoplanets. The Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) is the only observing mode that has been specifically designed for this objective. It features a wide simultaneous spectral range (0.6–2.8 μm) through two spectral diffraction orders. However, due to mechanical constraints, these two orders overlap slightly over a short range, potentially introducing a “contamination” signal in the extracted spectrum. We show that for a typical box extraction, this contaminating signal amounts to 1% or less over the 1.6–2.8 μm range (order 1), and up to 1% over the 0.85–0.95 μm range (order 2). For observations of exoplanet atmospheres (transits, eclipses or phase curves) where only temporal variations in flux matter, the contamination signal typically biases the results by order of 1% of the planetary atmosphere spectral features strength. To address this problem, we developed the Algorithm to Treat Order ContAmination (ATOCA). By constructing a linear model of each pixel on the detector, treating the underlying incident spectrum as a free variable, ATOCA is able to perform a simultaneous extraction of both orders. We show that, given appropriate estimates of the spatial trace profiles, the throughputs, the wavelength solutions, as well as the spectral resolution kernels for each order, it is possible to obtain an extracted spectrum accurate to within 10 ppm over the full spectral range.
Shadows and observational appearance of a new family of Ayón-Beato-García black holes
Authors: Mou Ping-Hui , Chen Yun-Xian , He Ke-Jian , Li Guo-Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the shadows and observational appearance of the Ayón-Beato-García (ABG) black hole, which is surrounded by a thin disk accretion. For a four-dimensional ABG black hole, as the charge q increases, the event horizon r
+, radius r

p
and impact parameter b

p
of the photon sphere decrease, while the maximum value of effective potential V
eff increases. However, as the term γ associated with nonlinear electrodynamics increases, the related physical quantities r
+, r

p
and b

p
increase, but the maximum value of V
eff decreases. When the light ray reaches the vicinity of the ABG black hole, one can observe the trajectories of the light rays appearing as three types, i.e., direct emission, lens ring and photon ring. Furthermore, the shadows and the observational appearance of the ABG black hole are studied. The results show that the charge q and the term γ have a great influence on the shape and intensity of the black hole shadow. When the relevant state parameters change or the emission model changes, it can be argued that it is the direct emission that plays a decisive role in the total observed intensity of the ABG black hole, while the contribution of the lens ring to the total observed intensity is small and the photon ring makes almost no contribution.
Evaluation of edge transport and core accumulation of tungsten for CFETR with EMC3-EIRENE and STRAHL
Authors: Liu B. , Dai S.Y. , Yang X.D. , Chan V.S. , Ding R. , Zhang H.M. , Feng Y. , Wang D.Z. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The edge transport and core accumulation of tungsten (W) particles on China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) have been studied by integrated modelling consisting of EMC3-EIRENE and STRAHL codes. The edge transport and power dissipation of W particles are simulated by EMC3-EIRENE. An in–out asymmetry of W(1–28)+ ions density has been revealed in the in- and out-board divertor regions. This is mainly due to the stronger reversal flow velocity of W ions at the outboard divertor. The upward flow of W ions near the separatrix leads to a moderate W impurity leakage from the divertor on CFETR compared to the existing full W device ASDEX Upgrade due to the high plasma density near the CFETR divertor targets. Further, the density distribution and radiation loss of W ions in the core region are investigated by STRAHL code. The high charge-state W(29–60)+ and W(61–74)+ ions mainly reside in the regions of ΨN = 0.20–0.98 and 0.00–0.90 (ΨN is the normalized poloidal magnetic flux), respectively. The W induced energy dissipation in different regions is assessed according to both STRAHL and EMC3-EIRENE simulations. Particularly, the impacts of the W core radiation on the operation regime are discussed according to the H-mode threshold scaling law proposed by Martin et al (2008 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
123 012033) for the baseline plasma on CFETR. Further, parameter studies on the pinch velocity (v
imp) and diffusion coefficient (D
imp) have been performed to check their impacts on the operation regime of CFETR. A three-fold increase of v
imp/D
imp results in a higher W core energy loss, which can lead to the transition from H-mode back to L-mode.
Free-plasma-boundary solver for axisymmetric ideal MHD equilibria with flow
Authors: F-Torija Daza G. , Reynolds-Barredo J.M. , Sanchez R. , Loarte A. , Huijsmans G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An efficient iterative, free-plasma-boundary solver for the Grad–Shafranov–Bernoulli system of equations, that describes the ideal MHD equilibrium of a toroidally axisymmetric plasma with flow, is presented. The code implements a numerical scheme recently developed in the context of free-plasma-boundary solvers for ideal static MHD equilibria with magnetic islands and stochastic regions for stellarators. The shape of the plasma edge is permitted to change as needed until the total net force eventually vanishes en route to the equilibrium. Complex coil configurations can be treated in the toroidally axisymmetric approximation. The code opens the possibility of quantifying the changes that plasma flows may induce on important features of a tokamak equilibrium such as the shape of the plasma edge, the plasma confining volume, the position of the magnetic axis or the position of the X-point, among others. Some examples, selected for illustrative purposes, are shown for the ITER baseline magnetic configuration.
Pulse identification and shape analysis by derivative-based peak detection using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Vecchio G. , Amaducci S. , Cosentino L. , Finocchiaro P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The shape analysis of electrical pulses is a well-established technique adopted in the experiments of nuclear physics, in particular to identify the particles revealed by the detectors. The advent of the signal digitization has led to easier and more accurate Pulse Shape Analysis to measure the physical quantities embedded in each pulse (rise time, widths, slopes, etc.) that allow to trace back to the properties of the detected particles. In case of significant noise overlapping the pulses, a strategy aimed at its reduction is usually achieved in the frequency domain by appropriate Fourier and Wavelet transforms. The drawback of this approach is represented by the noise harmonics overlapping the signals, the filtering of which can alter the embedded physical contents in the pulses and affect the particle discrimination performances. An alternative technique is represented by the neural network algorithms that can perform pulse shape analysis even in the presence of a significant amount of noise, thus ensuring high recognition efficiency and high spectroscopy performances without the need of signal filtering. In this paper we describe a new technique based on Convolutional Neural Networks to recognize and analyze the output signals of charge preamplifiers fed by silicon detectors.
Assessment of ecological water scarcity in China
Authors: Liu Kewei , Cao Wenfang , Zhao Dandan , Liu Shuman , Liu Junguo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The increasing water use for human activities is threatening the health of ecosystems. Most previous studies on water scarcity mainly centered on human society. In this study, we developed a new indicator, ecological water scarcity (WSeco), that considers water quantity, water quality, and environmental flow requirements. WSeco was assessed at the provincial level in China. The results show that northern China suffered more severe WSeco than southern China. In addition, the WSeco level decreased in 65% of provinces from 2016 to 2019, implying the great achievement of China’s effort in saving water and reducing pollution. The main driving factor of WSeco in most provinces was pollution rather than human water use. The findings of this study demonstrate the spatial distribution, temporal dynamics, and driving factors of WSeco in China. The results can be used to guide efforts for ecological restoration and sustainable water management in different regions.
Development of non-adherent cell-enclosing domes with enzymatically cross-linked hydrogel shell
Authors: Kazama Ryotaro , Sato Ryuta , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Qu Yanfei , Nakahata Masaki , Kojima Masaru , Fujita Satoshi , Sakai Shinji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Non-adherent cells, such as hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes, are important research subjects in medical and biological fields. Therefore, a system that enables the handling of non-adherent cells in solutions in the same manner as that of adhering cells during medium exchange, exposure to chemicals, washing, and staining in imaging applications would be useful. Here, we report a ‘Cell Dome’ platform in which non-adherent cells can be enclosed and grown in the cavities of about 1 mm diameter and 270 μm height. The domes consist of an alginate-based hydrogel shell of 90 μm thickness. Cell Domes were formed on glass plates by horseradish peroxidase-mediated cross-linking. Human leukaemia cell line K562 cells enclosed in Cell Domes were stable for 29 days with every 2–3 days of medium change. The enclosed cells grew in the cavities and were stained and differentiated with reagents supplied from the surrounding medium. Additionally, K562 cells that filled the cavities (a 3D microenvironment) were more hypoxic and highly resistant to mitomycin C than those cultured in 2D. These findings demonstrate that the ‘Cell Dome’ may be a promising tool for conveniently culturing and evaluating non-adherent cells.
Reduced interfacial recombination in perovskite solar cells by structural engineering simulation
Authors: Prasanna J Lakshmi , Goel Ekta , Kumar Amarjit , Kumar Atul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This theoretical study performed configurational optimization of heterojunction perovskite solar cells to minimize internal recombination through simulation. Interfacial recombination at the absorber-electron transport layer (ETL) junction is one of the prime sources of recombination in perovskite solar cell devices. Carrier density control in the vicinity of interfaces across absorber/ETL junction lowers the interfacial recombination. We explore various design alterations to achieve this condition, such as (a) restricting the majority carrier at the interface or asymmetric doping at perovskite/ETL interfaces, (b) widening the absorber bandgap at the interface, (c) donor interfacial defect at perovskite/ETL junction, (d) high rear doping of hole transport layer at back contact. We investigated the feasibility of these structural optimizations for lowering the overall internal recombination through the device. We achieved an optimized device by incorporating all these methods, which have improved efficiency, fill factor, and V
OC by 38.61%, 5.5% and 21.69%, respectively, over the benchmark device. The optimized perovskite structure may provide valuable guidelines to experimentalists for achieving the high efficiency of the perovskite solar cells.
Study on stress relaxation characteristics of FGH95 powder superalloy treated by laser shock peening
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Qu Xiangming , Cao Jun , Guo Xiaojun , Zhao Yanyun , Wang Xu , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Yongkang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the phenomenon that the residual stress induced by Laser Shock Peening (LSP) will relax and redistribute under various loads, temperature, cyclic load, and the dual treatment of temperature and cyclic load on the residual stress relaxation of FGH95 powder superalloy after LSP treatment were studied, and the analysis model of relevant residual stress relaxation was constructed. The purpose is to understand the strengthening effect and stability of the alloy under temperature and cyclic load after LSP treatment. With the increase of treatment temperature, the relaxation of residual stress became more and more obvious. Most of the residual stress relaxation occurred in the first 30 min of temperature treatment, then slowed down and stabilized after 1 h. The residual stress was initially relaxed in the first 50 cycles, remained roughly unchanged between 50 and 5000 cycles. The intensify of the cyclic load increasing, adding material yield level, further plastic deformation and residual stress relaxation rate increases. With the increase of load intensify and load ratio, residual stress relaxation was also increased. The residual stress relaxation rate after 600 °C and cyclic load treatment was 56.2%, both greater than that after 600 °C or cyclic treatment of 25 °C, but less than the sum of the two conditions. The results of this paper provide a reference for the LSP of the FGH95 powder superalloy turbine disk and other aero engine parts.