bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Swedish study found that one in seven coeliac patients experienced loss of follow up during childhood
Authors: Ulnes Maria , Albrektsson Henrik , Størdal Ketil , Saalman Robert , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Mårild Karl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the clinical follow up of paediatric coeliac disease and the rate of loss of follow up during childhood, for which data are scarce.MethodsIn a cohort of coeliac children diagnosed in 2013–2018 in Gothenburg, Sweden, we retrospectively explored the follow‐up practice of paediatric coeliac disease until June 2021. We used medical records from hospital‐based paediatric gastroenterology and general paediatric outpatient clinics, laboratory records, and questionnaires. Loss of follow up was defined no coeliac disease‐related follow up or tissue transglutaminase test over the past 2 years of study enrolment.ResultsWe included 162 children (58% girls) aged 7.8–18.2 years (average 12.7). Most participants (76%) were followed at general paediatric outpatient clinics rather than hospital‐based clinics. After 2.3–8.8 (average 5.3) years since diagnosis, 23 patients (14%; 95% confidence interval, 9%–21%) had been lost to follow up. Patients with loss of follow up were more often boys (61% versus 39%, p = 0.08), with a somewhat longer average disease duration of 5.8 versus 5.2 years (p = 0.11). There were no between‐group differences in socio‐economic characteristics and patient‐reported experience measures of coeliac disease care.ConclusionOne in seven coeliac patients may experience loss of follow up during childhood.
Two-Level Bayesian Interaction Analysis for Survival Data Incorporating Pathway Information
Authors: Qin Xing , Ma Shuangge , Wu Mengyun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Genetic interactions play an important role in the progression of complex diseases, providing explanation of variations in disease phenotype missed by main genetic effects. Comparatively, there are fewer studies on survival time, given its challenging characteristics such as censoring. In recent biomedical research, two-level analysis of both genes and their involved pathways has received much attention and been demonstrated as more effective than single-level analysis. However, such analysis is usually limited to main effects. Pathways are not isolated, and their interactions have also been suggested to have important contributions to the prognosis of complex diseases. In this paper, we develop a novel two-level Bayesian interaction analysis approach for survival data. This approach is the first to conduct the analysis of lower-level gene–gene interactions and higher-level pathway–pathway interactions simultaneously. Significantly advancing from the existing Bayesian studies based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, we propose a variational inference framework based on the accelerated failure time model with effective priors to accommodate two-level selection as well as censoring. Its computational efficiency is much desirable for high-dimensional interaction analysis. We examine performance of the proposed approach using extensive simulation. The application to TCGA melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma data leads to biologically sensible findings with satisfactory prediction accuracy and selection stability.
Late Jurassic back‐arc extension in the Neuquén Basin (37°S): Insights from structural, sedimentological and provenance analyses
Authors: Acevedo Eliana , Fernández Paz Lucía , Encinas Alfonso , Horton Brian K. , Hernando Agustín , Valencia Victor , Folguera Andrés 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous evolution of the Neuquén Basin is traditionally attributed to a long phase of thermal subsidence. However, recent works have challenged this model. In view of this, we study the Late Jurassic Tordillo Formation, a non‐marine depositional unit that marks a shift to regional regression across the basin. Previous studies propose different causes for this regression, including the growth of the magmatic arc in the west, uplift in the south or extension in the north. We studied the Tordillo Formation in sections located at an intermediate position in the Neuquén Basin, in order to understand the tectonic processes active during sedimentation. We present evidence of normal faulting within the Tordillo Formation and the base of the overlying Vaca Muerta Formation. Some of these faults can be attributed as syndepositional. We characterize the Tordillo Formation as part of a distal fan‐playa lake depositional system with a contemporaneous western magmatic arc as the main source of sediment. When compared to the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic NE to NNE‐oriented rifting, which marks the opening of the Neuquén Basin, the Late Jurassic extension shows a switch in stress orientation; the latter is orthogonal to the north‐trending subduction zone. We interpret this change as a renewed phase of back‐arc extension induced by slab rollback along with minor distributed intraplate extension prior to opening of the South Atlantic Ocean.
Logging leaves a fingerprint on the number, size, spatial configuration and geometry of tropical forest canopy gaps
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Fischer Fabian Jörg , Coomes David A. , Jucker Tommaso 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent advances in remote sensing such as airborne laser scanning have revolutionized our ability to accurately map forest canopy gaps, with huge implications for tracking forest dynamics at scale. However, few studies have explored how canopy gaps vary among forests at different successional stages following disturbances, such as those caused by logging. Moreover, most studies have focused exclusively on the size distribution of gaps, ignoring other key features such as their spatial distribution and shape. Here, we test a series of hypotheses about how the number, size, spatial configuration, and geometry of gaps vary across a logging disturbance gradient in Malaysian Borneo. As predicted, we found that recently logged forests had much higher gap fraction compared to old‐growth forests, a result of having both a greater total number of gaps and a higher proportion of large gaps. Regrowing forests, on the other hand, fell at the opposite end of the spectrum, being characterized by both fewer and smaller gaps compared to nearby old‐growth forests. Across all successional stages gaps were found to be spatially clustered. However, logging significantly diluted the degree of spatial aggregation and led to the formation of gaps with much more complex geometries. Our results showcase how logging and subsequent regrowth substantially alter not just the number and size of gaps in a forest, but also their spatial arrangement and shape. Linking these emergent patterns to their underlying processes is key to better understanding the impacts of human disturbance on the structure and function of tropical forests.Abstract in Malay is available with online material.
Emerging professionals practicing family science: Reflections of peer educators delivering relationship education
Authors: McElwain Alyssa , Finnegan Vanessa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the experiences of peer educators who taught healthy marriage and relationship education (HMRE) to their peers.BackgroundPeer‐led health‐promoting programs can benefit program recipients, yet less is known about the experiences of peer educators themselves. Literature indicates peer educators of HMRE may experience several practical, personal, and interpersonal impacts.MethodThis qualitative study used purposeful sampling to analyze reflection papers from 15 peer educators enrolled in a service‐learning course at a public university. The researchers implemented an interpretive phenomenological approach to understand what peer educators experienced as active participants implementing HMRE programming.ResultsThemes emerged about personal impacts such as the application of HMRE content to their own relationships. Peer educators developed an understanding of HMRE program implementation, explored family life education as a potential career, and developed key professional skills. Peer educators reflected on the reciprocal interactions with audience members and challenges and benefits of collaborating to implement an HMRE program.ConclusionA peer educator approach to delivering HMRE programming provides a unique, challenging, and beneficial opportunity for emerging family science professionals.ImplicationsA peer educator approach to delivering HMRE programming is an impactful method for training future family science professionals.
The impact of ocean warming on juvenile American lobster recruitment off southeastern Massachusetts
Authors: Casey Flynn , Churchill James H. , Cowles Geoffrey W. , Pugh Tracy L. , Wahle Richard A. , Stokesbury Kevin D. E. , Glenn Robert P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring the 1990s, coastal habitat off southeastern Massachusetts (SEMA) supported commercially viable fisheries for American lobster (Homarus americanus). Over the past two decades, landings and post‐larval settlement of lobsters in this region, which is near the southern edge of the species' range, have declined substantially, concurrent with a period of significant warming of the coastal waters off southern New England. Previous work has suggested that rising ocean temperatures may adversely impact the survival of larval and early benthic phase (EBP) lobsters and may cause adult lobsters to seek cooler offshore waters during the critical time of larval release. To investigate the manner in which the observed decline in lobster abundance may be linked to warming coastal waters, a high‐resolution hydrodynamic model was used to quantify the increase in water temperature experienced by EBP lobster off SEMA and to supply input to an individual‐based model of lobster larval transport from release areas delineated using fishery‐dependent data of late‐stage egg‐bearing lobsters. The results indicate that rising coastal water temperatures may have adversely impacted EBP lobster recruitment off SEMA by (1) causing an offshore shift in the area of larval release that resulted in a reduction in the delivery of larvae to suitable nearshore EBP habitat and (2) dramatically increasing thermal stress experienced by recently settled EBP lobsters. These findings highlight the implications of warming coastal waters on southern New England lobster population connectivity and provide insight to an understudied mechanism by which climate change affects marine species recruitment.
Microbial biosignatures in ancient deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfides
Authors: Runge Eric Alexander , Mansor Muammar , Kappler Andreas , Duda Jan‐Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeep‐sea hydrothermal systems provide ideal conditions for prebiotic reactions and ancient metabolic pathways and, therefore, might have played a pivotal role in the emergence of life. To understand this role better, it is paramount to examine fundamental interactions between hydrothermal processes, non‐living matter, and microbial life in deep time. However, the distribution and diversity of microbial communities in ancient deep‐sea hydrothermal systems are still poorly constrained, so evolutionary, and ecological relationships remain unclear. One important reason is an insufficient understanding of the formation of diagnostic microbial biosignatures in such settings and their preservation through geological time. This contribution centers around microbial biosignatures in Precambrian deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfide deposits. Intending to provide a valuable resource for scientists from across the natural sciences whose research is concerned with the origins of life, we first introduce different types of biosignatures that can be preserved over geological timescales (rock fabrics and textures, microfossils, mineral precipitates, carbonaceous matter, trace metal, and isotope geochemical signatures). We then review selected reports of biosignatures from Precambrian deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfide deposits and discuss their geobiological significance. Our survey highlights that Precambrian hydrothermal sulfide deposits potentially encode valuable information on environmental conditions, the presence and nature of microbial life, and the complex interactions between fluids, micro‐organisms, and minerals. It further emphasizes that the geobiological interpretation of these records is challenging and requires the concerted application of analytical and experimental methods from various fields, including geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and microbiology. Well‐orchestrated multidisciplinary studies allow us to understand the formation and preservation of microbial biosignatures in deep‐sea hydrothermal sulfide systems and thus help unravel the fundamental geobiology of ancient settings. This, in turn, is critical for reconstructing life's emergence and early evolution on Earth and the search for life elsewhere in the universe.
“A part of being a woman, really”: Menopause at work as “dirty” femininity
Authors: Whiley Lilith A. , Wright Ashley , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Grandy Gina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis research extends understandings of women's lived experiences of menopause at work, as embodied complex gendered aging. Menopause as a type of “dirty” femininity and femme performance is theorized to elucidate both the stigmatizing effects of menopause at work and the opportunity to reclaim femininity in‐and‐for itself. This theory is illustrated through the accounts of women experiencing menopause at work. Menopause at work is problematized, pathologized, and “dirty” as an embodied experience that is physically, emotionally, morally, and socially tainted. As “dirty” femininity, menopause represents both material “dirt” (leaky bodies) and symbolic “dirt” (no longer leaky and no longer fertile), thereby eroding women's ability to perform patriarchal hegemonic femininity. Small pockets of resistance are also observed as some of these women engage in femme performances in defiance of hegemonic masculinity. The article offers avenues for future research in shame, taint management, women in leadership, and intersectionality to extend the conceptual and empirical contributions on menopause at work.
Diagnostic accuracy of enhanced liver fibrosis test for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis‐related fibrosis: Multicenter study
Authors: Seko Yuya , Takahashi Hirokazu , Toyoda Hidenori , Hayashi Hideki , Yamaguchi Kanji , Iwaki Michihiro , Yoneda Masato , Arai Taeang , Shima Toshihide , Fujii Hideki , Morishita Asahiro , Kawata Kazuhito , Tomita Kengo , Kawanaka Miwa , Yoshida Yuichi , Ikegami Tadashi , Notsumata Kazuo , Oeda Satoshi , Kamada Yoshihiro , Sumida Yoshio , Fukushima Hideaki , Miyoshi Eiji , Aishima Shinichi , Okanoue Takeshi , Nakajima Atsushi , Itoh Yoshito ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG‐NAFLD)
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test is a noninvasive method for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This multicenter cohort study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the ELF test and compare it with other noninvasive tests in Japan.MethodsWe analyzed 371 Japanese patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. We constructed area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROC) to determine the diagnostic accuracies of the ELF test, the Mac‐2‐binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi), the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index, and combinations of these indices.ResultsIn patients with F0/F1/F2/F3/F4 fibrosis, the median values of the ELF test were 8.98/9.56/10.39/10.92/11.41, respectively. The AUROCs of the ELF test for patients with F0 versus F1–4, F0–1 versus F2–4, F0–2 versus F3–4, and F0–3 versus F4 fibrosis were 0.825/0.817/0.802/0.812, respectively. The AUROCs of the ELF test were greater than those of the FIB‐4 index and M2BPGi at each fibrosis stage. Respective low and high cut‐off values yielded sensitivities and specificities for predicting advanced fibrosis (≥F3) of 91.1% and 50.8%, and 38.5% and 92.8%, respectively. For F3 or F4 fibrosis, the combined values from the ELF test and FIB‐4 index showed a sensitivity of 98.5%, and the combined values from the ELF test and M2BPGi assay showed a specificity of 97.5%.ConclusionsIn Japan, the ELF test predicts NAFLD‐related fibrosis from its early stages. The diagnostic ability of the ELF test was not inferior to that of other indices, and the combined values of ELF plus other indices were more accurate.
Response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic of dental hygienists in South Korea—PartII: Fear and anxiety
Authors: Yim Hyun‐Kyung , Min Ji‐Hyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the mental fear and anxiety about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among Korean clinical dental hygienists and to investigate factors influencing the anxiety felt after the outbreak of COVID‐19.MethodsA questionnaire on mental fear (Fear‐C) and anxiety for COVID‐19 was conducted among 500 clinical dental hygienists in South Korea. Fear‐C was identified with eight questions. The General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) questionnaire was scored for the pre‐COVID‐19 situation (GADBefore) and the current situation going through the pandemic (GADAfter). The scores for the responses to the questionnaire were 0 points for strong negative and 3 points for strong positive. Higher scores indicate higher levels of fear and anxiety. All data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and the statistical significance was set atα = 0.05.ResultsThe average Fear‐C was 16.11 ± 3.89 out of 24.00. There were significant differences in Fear‐C when the type of work organization and symptoms related to COVID‐19 (Sx‐C) differed. Significant differences were confirmed in GADBeforeaccording to age range, systemic diseases, and Sx‐C (p < 0.05). There was no difference in GADAfterfor all general characteristics, except Sx‐C (p > 0.05). In the regression model of GADAfter, Sx‐C (β = 0.526), Fear‐C (β = 0.358), and GADBefore(β = 0.515) were positively related to GADAfter(p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsMost dental hygienists complained of Fear‐C. GADAfterwas significantly higher than GADBefore. The factor that had the greatest impact on GADAfterwas Sx‐C.
Exploring avoidance of dental care due to dental fear and economic burden –A cross‐sectional study in a national sample of younger adults in Norway
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Agdal Maren Lillehaug , Sulo Gerhard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence of dental avoidance due to dental fear and economic burden and its distribution by utilization of dental care and socio‐behavioural characteristics.MethodA sample of 9052 Norwegian adults aged 25–35 years was invited to participate, and 2551 completed electronic questionnaires regarding lifetime prevalence of dental avoidance due to fear and last year prevalence of dental avoidance due to economic burden.ResultsCancelled‐ and avoided ordering appointments due to fear amounted to 14.7% and 30.5%, respectively. Avoidance of dental visits due to cost was 37.7%. Frequency of cancelled appointments due to fear was 30% and 16.6% among participants attending dental care several times annually and seldom, respectively. Multiple logistic regression revealed that avoiding dental visits due to cost was less likely among participants with higher household income (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.5) and more likely among participants with dental care need (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7). Cancelled and avoided appointments due to fear was most likely among those with need for dental care and lower education. Early unpleasant experience with dental care remained a covariate of avoidance behaviour due to fear.Conclusion14.7%, 30.5%, and 37.7% confirmed cancelled appointments due to fear, avoided ordering appointments due to fear, and avoided visiting the dentist due to cost. Avoiding dental care due to fear and economic burden was more and less common among participants with respectively, frequent and seldom use of dental care. Dental avoidance behaviours were highest among socially disadvantaged groups, indicating a hole in the welfare state model that needs political consideration.
Evaluation of dental hygiene learning outcomes through smartphone‐based educational slides targeting dental hygienists: A pilot study
Authors: Myoken Yoshiko , Kawamoto Takeshi , Nakata Masako , Fujita Yoshinori , Toratani Shigeaki , Tsubahara Yohei , Myoken Yoshinari 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveEducation reflecting fundamental knowledge is required for competent health care providers, but often lectures are not available for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the dental hygiene learning outcomes following the presentation of web‐based slides on a smartphone to dental hygienists.MethodsA two‐group nonblinded quasi‐experimental design was used for this study. Forty‐six dental hygienists were assigned to a study (n = 31) or control group (n = 15). The study group viewed 22 slides on fundamental oral health knowledge using smartphones. Pre and postviewing tests (score range: 1–13) and a questionnaire were conducted to evaluate knowledge acquisition and to receive feedback from participants. Differences between the study and control group and intrastudy group differences were statistically evaluated.ResultsThe fundamental knowledge of dental hygienists improved after viewing the slides: the study group had a significantly higher mean score than the control group (10.87 vs. 6.60; p < 0.001). Study group participants also had substantially higher post‐test than pretest knowledge scores (mean 10.87 vs. 6.26, p < 0.001). In the questionnaire, more than 85% of the participants answered that the content of the slides would be useful in their clinical practice.ConclusionSmartphone‐based educational slides were beneficial for conveying fundamental and recent oral health knowledge to dental hygienists.
Novel processing, testing and characterization of copper/carbon nanotube (Cu/CNT) yarn composite conductor
Authors: Almansour Amjad , Sacksteder Dagny , Goretski Anthony J. , Lizcano Maricela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSustainable electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) is likely to lead to an increase in the electrical wiring contained within a single aircraft. Since the electrical resistance and mass of copper (Cu) conductors are associated with power losses, it is desirable to design high‐conductivity lightweight conductor materials, thus reducing the mass of components like motor windings, low‐voltage signal cables, and transmission cables for data and power to improve the overall energy efficiency. This paper describes a unique framework for manufacturing metalized carbon nanotube (CNT) composite conductors, measuring their electrical conductivity and strength, and modeling the overall conductivity and current sharing within such composites. Tensile testing was conducted on the processed composite conductor cables with the use of acoustic emission and electrical resistivity to determine stress‐dependent‐failure mechanisms while monitoring the electrical conductivity. The average of measured electrical conductivities of annealed Cu/CNT samples from batch 5 was greater than theoretical predictions by 9.8 percent and was also greater than the conductivity of pure annealed Cu by 4.8 percent and had comparable ultimate tensile strengths. Additionally, those Cu/CNT samples provide a 13.5% weight saving over current state of the art copper wires. Theories explaining improved intrinsic conductivity are discussed.