bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractal dimensions of clouds around Madras
Authors: JAIN PS 
Published: April 2022

Following lead from Lovejoy's (1982) investigations the structure of radar determined clouds around Madras in northeast monsoon season (October-November 1986) was investigated.

Six hundred cloud echo samples having area between 50 and 5350 sq. km detected within 200 km radius by a high power S-band radar located at Madras were analysed for the relation between their perimeter and area.

Consistency of the relation between the perimeter (P) and area (A) through a log P vs log A plot and of fractal dimensions (D) of cloud perimeter, has been established and conclusions drawn that cloud perimeter conforms to fractal curve.

From the regression line of the logP vs logA scatter diagram the mean values of D=I, 30 and S=2.07 were evaluated, where S is the constant of proportionality for the relation P, AD/2. These values have been suggested to be used as, base values for ending out, D values for individual clouds in northeast monsoon season around Madras, for their possible real time use In Identification of clouds having strong horizontal/vertical winds embedded within them, especially In cloud field associated with cyclones.
Intensification and persistence of kharif agricultural drought during 1987
Authors: PRASAD RAJENDRA , DATAR SV 
Published: April 2022

Weekly Aridity Index (AI) based on Thornthwaite's water balance technique has been employed to study the intensification and persistence of. kharif agricultural drought during the southwest monsoon season of 1987, In 33 meteorological sub-divisions of India, by adopting a simple criterion. The periods and areas of maximum intensification and persistence have been identified.

The analysis revealed that intensification occurred in only seven sub-divisions confined mostly to the northern and western regions of the country. Persistence was invariably associated with intensification whereas reverse observation was not perceptible. Mixed mode drought persistence was maximum in Rajasthan and Gujarat region. A comparison with meteorological drought, however, revealed that either intensification or persistence of agricultural drought did occur in those sub-divisions that were affected by severe meteorological drought.
Spectral model with a regional focus
Authors: MOHAN GYAN 
Published: April 2022

A global spectral model with selective high resolution region Is appropriate for the study of a sharp local weather system if it is not very sensitive to the atmospheric state outside a limited active region. If the linear dimension of the resolution required is 1 and the area of active region is A then one finds that an adequate spectral model has the following features: (a) the model pole is moved away from the geographical north and re-located In the Vicinity of the weather system under study, (b) the set of new spherical harmonics ymn as basis functions should have the parallelogrammic truncated range | m | <=n <=N, 0<= | m | <=M, where N~, 2pi a|l.
M|N = 4f(1~f),j=AI(4" a2), where a is the radius of the earth.

Since the decomposition of a vector field, in a spherical coordinate system, into the radial and horizontal parts is rotationally invariant, the form of the equations of motion do not change under the re-location of the model pole except for the Coriolis force term. Mathematics of the modelling including truncation and management of non-linear terms do not change.
Computation of rainfall rates in typical monsoon cases by the semi-prognostic method
Authors: KUMARTRIPATHI GIRISH 
Published: April 2022

A semi-prognostic approach, i,e one time step prediction is used to compute rainfall rates in typical monsoon region by three versions based on Kuo's parameterization scheme, Rainfall rates are generally over predicted, One version which includes mesoscale moisture convergence parameter gives better prediction than other versions, Three categories are found, over-predicted, under-predicted and no computed rainfall, The possible reasons for these categories are discussed.
The quantitative rainfall forecasts through statistical Synoptic model and its application in forecasting daily Rainfall over Mayurakshi basin area
Authors: BASU GC , KHAMRUI SR 
Published: April 2022

A simple approach based on statistics association of seven categories of synoptic situations and three ranges of areal rainfall amounts has been. applied over Mayurakshi basin area for the period from 1982 to 1987. The information derived from the analysis is expected to be useful in providing forecasts of average areal rainfall in the basin under a given synoptic situation.
Nghiên Cứu Sự Phát Triển Của Vết Nứt Trong Tấm Bimetal Nhôm A1050 Và Đồng C1100n
Authors: Nguyễn Hữu Hải Quan , Trần Hưng Trà , Phan Thanh Nhàn 
Published: April 2022

Hiện nay, liên kết hai vật liệu kim loại khác nhau là một thách thức lớn đối với các ngành công nghiệp hiện nay. Áp dụng công nghệ hàn ma sát khuấy cũng là một nghiên cứu khả thi, nhưng để đánh giá được độ bền mối liên kết so với vật liệu nền thì cần phải khảo sát, thí nghiệm, đánh giá để tìm ra được ưu nhược điểm của nó. Trong bài báo này chỉ tập trung đi sâu về nghiên cứu sự phát triển của vết nứt dựa trên tác dụng lực. Trong đó nghiên cứu này sử dụng tác dụng lực làm vết nứt hình thành và phát triển khác nhau. Cụ thể nghiên cứu tập trung vào các nội dung như sau: khảo sát cấu trúc tế vi vùng tiếp giáp Al/Cu, khảo sát sự phát triển của vết nứt. Thông qua việc khảo sát nghiên cứu này cho thấy được sự phát triển vết nứt ra sao, vật liệu vùng tiếp giáp, ngoài ra sẽ có kết quả về độ bền của mối hàn như thế nào để có thể ứng dụng nó một cách hiệu quả nhất vào thực tiễn. Khi thí nghiệm nghiên cứu này tạo trước vết nứt ở các vị trí khác nhau theo tiêu chuẩn, tác dụng lực vào ngay mối hàn cho thấy khả năng vết nứt phát triển theo bề mặt tiếp giáp giữa 2 vật liệu có tỉ lệ cao nhất và không phân nhánh. Như vậy nghiên cứu này thấy rằng mối hàn nào có năng lượng phá hủy càng lớn thì độ liên kết vật liệu cao.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial team of Babylonia  
Published: April 2022

Pour Babylonia, 2021 rime avec réflexions sur les processus d’inclusion et d’exclusion par le langage et, parfois, l’école. Si ce thème est particulièrement transparent en ce qui concerne les premier et dernier numéros de l’année (justice sociale et représentation des femmes), c’est aussi le cas en filigrane dans le présent numéro.
En nous intéressant aux enfants ayant des besoins particuliers, nous ouvrons en effet la boîte de Pandore des différences individuelles et de notre capacité à y répondre. Et ceci dans un système scolaire encore trop souvent marqué par la croyance qu’il suffit de motivation et d’exposition pour que, tels des éponges, les élèves s’imprègnent des langues étrangères et les intègrent à leurs répertoires linguistiques. Or, l’une des conclusions principales des contributions de ce numéro est que les élèves ayant des difficultés d’apprentissage ont avant tout besoin d’explicitation, de règles, d’exercices répétitifs, et de routines favorisant les apprentissages.
Par ailleurs, lorsque Joe Biden fait de son combat personnel contre le bégaiement un argument électoral, l’on tend à oublier que, pour beaucoup, les difficultés d’élocution se combinent avec d’autres problématiques (sociales, émotionnelles, liées à des situations de stress, etc.), encore amplifiées cette année par la solitude de l’école à distance.
Nous espérons avec ce numéro ouvrir quelques pistes de réflexion sur les attentes des autorités scolaires et sociétales vis-à-vis des élèves qui n’ontpas la chance d’apprendre avec facilité, et parfois pas non plus l’entourage familial et social leur permettant de rattraper leur retard; et nous espérons aussi fournir quelques pistes concrètes pour avancer dans ce domaine éminemment délicat.
Dans cette perspective, nous tenons à remercier tous les enseignants, les logopédistes, et les psychologues qui s’adaptent au mieux à ces enfants et à leurs différences individuelles pour leur donner le temps, les routines, et les explicitations dont ils ont besoin.
Nous vous souhaitons une bonne lecture et une bonne rentrée scolaire 2021-2022.
L'équipe de rédaction
La transmission des langues familiales : un rôle genré ? Exemple de pères francophones en ville de Berne
Authors: Robin Jésabel 
Published: April 2022

Le domaine des langues, de leur étude ou de leur enseignement est traditionnellement plus investi par les femmes que par les hommes. Il en va de même pour les secteurs touchant à l’intimité du foyer et l’éducation des enfants. Situées à l’intersectionnalité, les pratiques de transmission des langues familiales sont-elles vouées à être genrées ? Que nous révèlent les témoignages de pères francophones résidant en ville de Berne interrogés dans le cadre du projet « Politiques linguistiques familiales et institutions scolaires : le cas de parents francophones à Berne » à ce sujet ?
De SOX in control-regeling in de Verenigde Staten: een analyse
Authors: Verdoes T.L.M. , Lycklama à Nijeholt M.P. , Koster H. 
Published: April 2022

De SOX in control-regeling in de Verenigde Staten: een analyse
In dit artikel onderzoeken de auteurs de bestaande wettelijke regeling over de in control-verklaring in de Verenigde Staten. Na een bespreking van de relevante bepalingen volgt een analyse van de kritiek op deze regeling en de nadelen en voordelen ervan. De auteurs sluiten af met enkele conclusies.
Wat is de invloed van de coronapandemie op due diligence en contractuele afspraken bij mid-market M&A-transacties?
Authors: Beljaars A. , Güntekin G. 
Published: April 2022

Wat is de invloed van de coronapandemie op due diligence en contractuele afspraken bij mid-market M&A-transacties?
In dit artikel gaan de auteurs in op de invloed van de corona pandemie en de economische gevolgen ervan op het due diligence onderzoek en contractuele afspraken bij mid-market overnames. De corona pandemie heeft geleid tot een nieuwe dimensie voor juristen en een hernieuwde alertheid voor het verrichten van een due diligenceonderzoek en de te gebruiken contractuele bepalingen. Aan de hand van rechtspraak over de afgelopen twee jaar bekijken de auteurs de contractuele en wettelijke bepalingen die worden gebruikt. Ook doen zij tekstvoorstellen voor contractuele bepalingen die in dat verband in overnamecontracten kunnen worden gebruikt.
Role of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana in Enhancing the Paradigm of Financial Inclusion in Rural India
Authors: Pankaj Gupta  , Vaibhav Shrivastava  
Published: April 2022

This article examines the role of the Prime Minister Jan Dhan Yojana (PM JDY) in boosting public wealth. Millions of households around the country benefit from financial inclusion and banking access, as well as insurance coverage and a sense of security, thanks to this programme. As a result of integrating this scheme with many other government initiatives, money will be immediately credited into the accounts of the recipients, eliminating intermediaries and reducing leakages. This strategy enables access to micro-credit in the later stages of the programme. Many of the accounts created under this plan, however, were idle, a problem that will be addressed once the government links it to other government-run programmes like NAREGA Job Yojna and other direct cash benefit transfer programmes. Overall, this plan has the potential to be a game changer and alter the country's landscape. It might be able to help plug leaks and boost the efficiency of specific public distribution networks. A systematic questionnaire was used to collect primary data, while secondary data was gathered from a variety of sources including books, papers, and published materials. Finally, it makes an effort to propose relevant recommendations to improve PM JDY's standing in terms of increasing public wealth.
Pediatric Monteggia Fracture Outcome Assessment – Preliminary Report
Authors: Maszke Marcin , Buchcic Piotr , Marciniak Marek , Lebiedziński Radosław , Lipiński Łukasz , Grzegorzewski Andrzej 
Published: April 2022

Background. The term Monteggia fracture refers to a class of injuries encompassing the fracture of the proximal end of the ulna with subluxation or dislocation of the radial head. These injuries account for 0.4-1% of all forearm fractures in children. Despite its low incidence, Monteggia fractures require particular attention, since as much as 30-50% of the cases may be unrecognized, which subsequently leads to complications. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate treatment outcomes of Monteggia fractures in children. Both conservative treatment and surgery were analyzed.
Material and methods. 15 children (7 boys and 8 girls) between the ages of 4-16.3 years (mean age 8.3 years) with Monteggia fractures were hospitalized at our center in the years 2015-2020. Closed reduction and immobilization in a cast were performed in 12 patients, while three children underwent surgical treatment with internal fixation of the ulna. The radial head dislocation was reduced successfully in every patient.
Results. Every child from the study group who received conservative treatment regained full elbow mobility as well as normal forearm supination and pronation. Only one of the patients who underwent the surgery demonstrated a 20° deficit in elbow flexion that did not affect limb function.
Conclusions. 1. Our experience shows that closed reduction together with immobilization in a cast is usually a sufficient treatment in Monteggia fractures. 2. However, the dislocated radial head should be properly reduced in all patients. 3. Correct diagnosis and treatment followed by appropriate rehabilitation result in full recovery and no mobility limitations in children and teenagers.
On Paleolimulus from the Mazon Creek Konservat-Lagerstätte
Authors: BICKNELL Russell D. C. , NAUGOLNYKH Serge V. , Scott C. McKENZIE undefined 
Published: April 2022

Horseshoe crabs are extant chelicerates with a fossil record extending back to the Ordovician. Despite the documentation of their long evolutionary history, xiphosurids are rarely preserved within fossil assemblages due to their unmineralized cuticular exoskeleton. However, in exceptional circumstances, an abundance of fossil xiphosurid specimens have been documented. The Moscovian-aged Mazon Creek Konservat-Lagerstätte represents one such fossil deposit with a high abundance and diversity of xiphosurids. Although fairly well known, the Paleolimulus specimens from the Mazon Creek have not yet been subject to a thorough taxonomic examination. In the light of recent efforts to organise Paleolimulus, we revisit this undescribed material, erect Paleolimulus mazonensis n. sp., and present a phylogenetic analysis that places P. mazonensis n. sp. as a sister taxon to P. signata (Beecher, 1904). The palaeoecology and possible ontogeny of P. mazonensis n. sp. are presented, as well as a statement on the future directions for understanding this xiphosurid genus.
Validating owner-reporting of feather condition of pet Psittaciformes using photographs
Authors: Mellor EL , Mendl M , Mason G , Davison C , van Zeeland Y , Cuthill IC 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReporting of outcome variables by caregivers in welfare studies is commonplace but is open to subjective bias and so requires validation. Biases can occur in either direction: familiarity with an animal allows a deeper insight into welfare problems, but also can lead to reticence in admitting that an animal in one's care is experiencing problems. Here, we aim to validate owner-reporting of plumage condition of pet parrots, including those with self-inflicted feather-damaging behaviour (FDB), by comparing owners’ scores of feather condition with those of two independent raters, blind to the owners’ and each other's assessments. We surveyed pet parrot owners to collect data on basic demographics and feather condition, and requested four standardised photographs of birds. We received 259 responses (17% of the 1,521 people contacted); 78 sets of images of appropriate quality for assessment by raters were provided. Mean percentage agreement between owners’ and raters’ scores was mostly fair to substantial using Cohen's kappa; however, raters scored a greater proportion of feather damage than did owners. Overall, our results indicate owner-reporting of feather condition, including FDB, to be generally reliable and consistent with independent assessment of photographs. As the use of photographs can be limited by image quality, a failure to represent the long-term state of a parrot, and the potential for incorrect recording if assessed without relevant information (eg on moulting), this evidence that owner-reports can be reliable opens the door for larger-scale surveys of the extent of welfare-relevant problems.
Pre-exposure via wire-mesh partition reduces intraspecific aggression in male, wild-type Norway rats
Authors: Stryjek R , Modlinska K 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere are instances when animals are introduced and expected to live alongside unfamiliar conspecifics within zoos, laboratories and wildlife sanctuaries. These pairings of unfamiliar animals may result in stress, trauma, or even death, in addition to reduced confidence in data resulting from these subjects. For species that communicate relatedness, sex, social status, and emotional state through olfactory cues (eg pheromones), one means of counteracting aggression may involve a period of partial separation — where animals are close enough to become acquainted — while a permeable barrier maintains separation. For our study, we evaluated the use of a novel, autoclavable, wire-mesh partition to separate potential aggressors. We tested different pairs of 24 wild-type male Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), previously kept in social isolation for seven days. Each control pair were merged directly into one cage, while pairs from the experimental groups underwent three pre-exposure sessions that lasted two to four days. We used continuous video recordings to assess five common threat displays: lateral threat, keep down, upright posture, chase, and clinch attack. We used two types of bedding: new (unscented) bedding and recently used bedding that conveyed scents from both merged rats. We found that rats subjected to pre-exposure demonstrated lower aggression levels across three of the five metrics (lateral threats, upright postures, and keep downs). We conclude that permeable partitions show promise as a humane mechanism to mix new individuals into preexisting colonies. Further research may explore whether partitions could be helpful with other species that communicate social information by pheromones or direct visual inspection.
Politikk og vitenskap – behovet for flervitenskapelig til- nærming til en politisk håndtering av en pandemi
Authors: Svanæs Dag , Æsøy Knut Ove 
Published: April 2022

Dag Svanæs har engasjert seg sterkt i den norske offentlige debatten om hvordan vi bør håndtere Coronapandemien. I løpet av året har han vert med på mange kronikker og vært i mange debatter og gjort foredrag om pandemien. Han er initiativtaker til nettstedet Coronakritikk.no, der de dokumenterer debatten og presenterer vitenskapelige kilder om pandemien.
Svanæs er professor ved institutt for datateknologi og informatikk ved NTNU og arbeider med interaksjonen mellom menneske og teknologi. I hans doktorarbeid undersøkte han teoriene til Martin Heidegger og Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Fenomenologien får fram hvordan menneske gjør erkjennelser gjennom fysiske handlinger i møtet med teknologi. Han har bygd opp ett fullskala laboratorium for uttesting av teknologi med brukere. Laboratoriet har i all hovedsak blitt brukt innenfor medisin. Dette viser hans interesse både for teknologiske hjelpemiddel, filosofi, helse og evnen til å ha kunnskap om fremtiden.
Knut Ove Æsøy er førsteamanuensis i pedagogisk filosofi ved OsloMet. Han har doktorgrad innenfor vitenskapsfilosofi og er opptatt av sammenhengen mellom kunnskaps mangfold og profesjonell praksis.
Ultrasound-Guided Partial Plantar Fascia Release with the Use of a Fine Cutting Device for the Treatment of Persistent Plantar Fasciitis: A Case Series
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Roumeliotis Leonidas , Tyrpenou Evangelos , Kazas Sotirios-Tsambikos , Sourlas Ioannis , Kaseta Maria-Kyriaki 
Published: April 2022

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of musculoskeletal discomfort. Minimally invasive interventions are preferred as second-line treatments following failure of conservative management. We report on a novel technique of ultrasound-guided percutaneous release of the medial third of the plantar fascia with the use of a fine cutting device for the treatment of persistent plantar fasciitis.
Methods: This is a retrospective case series of all patients treated with the technique between 2013 and 2015. Patients had failed conservative management for a minimum of 6 months. The procedure was performed in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia. Under continuous ultrasound guidance, release of the medial third of the plantar fascia from the calcaneus was performed using an ophthalmic V-Lance knife through a medial stab wound entry point.
Results: Fifteen patients (six men and nine women) with an average age of 54.7 years were included. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) visual analogue scale score for pain improved significantly, from 66.0 (SD, 18.8) preoperatively to each consecutive follow-up point: 29.3 (SD, 25.2) at 2 weeks, 30.0 (SD, 27.8) at 4 weeks, and 34.0 (SD, 26.1) at 12 weeks (P < .001). The mild increase in visual analogue scale score between 4 and 12 weeks was statistically significant (P = .018). Average duration of required analgesia was 5.5 days and average time required to return to usual activities was 5.7 days. Two patients suffered with refractory neuropathic pain over the lateral border of the foot without any obvious abnormality.
Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous release with the use of a fine cutting device could be an alternative option for the treatment of persistent plantar fasciitis. The technique is not without complications, and a mild but statistically significant decline in pain levels from early to short term has been detected. Therefore, the long-term outcomes of this technique need to be investigated before we can advocate its routine use.
Evaluation of Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Mentha spicata (Spearmint) Grown in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Murtala M. , Abdulmumin T. M. , Abdulmumin Y. , Ismail S. Y. , Maimuna M. D. , Amina L. A. , Shahida S. I. , Sadiya A. B. , Abdullahi N. A. , Sadeeq M. S. , Shehu A. M. 
Published: April 2022

Aim: Mentha spicata (spearmint) is a plant that spreads mainly in the temperate and sub-temperate zones of the world including Africa and is used in pharmaceutical and food industries. It has numerous medicinal importance uch as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidaemic and many more. This research examines the phytochemical and antioxidant property of Mentha spicata.
Methodology: Sample of Mentha spicata leaves were collected fresh from the cultivated farm and was extracted using distilled water prior to analysis. The phytochemicals determination was carried out in accordance with methods described by Velavan while the antioxidant property was evaluated using Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.
Results: The result showed that the aqueous extract contain alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins glycosides, Terpenoids and anthraquinones at varying concentrations. The antioxidant activity was measured in percentage at different concentration of the extract as follows; 25 mg/dl (20.94±0.05%), 50 mg/dl (10.78±0.02%), 75 mg/dl (50.74±0.04%) and 100mg/dl (17.83±0.06%) respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in 75mg/dl concentration.
Conclusion: The antioxidant activity observed could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenols. Therefore, Mentha spicata can be used as a source of antioxidant and could improve the health status of individuals.