bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental study on the influence of incident characteristics on sound insulation between rooms: Study on the incident sound field in the insulation performance measurement for partition walls. Part 2
Authors: Aida Yu , Inoue Naohisa , Sakuma Tetsuya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe sound field characteristics due to room modes are considered to have strong influences on the low‐frequency sound insulation between rooms in field. In this paper, the sound field analysis using the propagation mode expansion method proposed by the authors was applied to the test rooms where the dwelling rooms and the separating wall of an RC apartment building were reproduced. First, the proposed method was validated through the reconstruction of the expanded sound fields and the measurement of the incident directivity. Next, the comparison of the multiple geometries of the source room with two finishing conditions of the RC separating wall demonstrated the influence of the incident sound field on the sound insulation. The mechanism of the sound insulation between rooms was investigated using the proposed method. For the RC single wall, the sound field analysis showed an influence of mode matching between rooms on the low‐frequency transmitted sound. For the composite wall which was composed of the RC separating wall and the additional linings, it was demonstrated that the low‐frequency resonance transmission phenomenon is affected by the matching of the oblique incidence resonance frequency of the wall and the incident characteristics.
Design of auxiliary model and hierarchical normalized fractional adaptive algorithms for parameter estimation of bilinear‐in‐parameter systems
Authors: Zhu Yancheng , Wu Huaiyu , Chen Zhihuan , Chen Yang , Zheng Xiujuan 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThis study investigates the parameter identification issues of bilinear‐in‐parameter systems through fractional adaptive algorithms. An auxiliary model based modified fractional least mean square algorithm is proposed for accelerating the parameter estimation accuracy based on the auxiliary model identification idea and the introduced convergence index, a normalized modified hierarchical fractional least mean square algorithm is presented for improving the computational efficiency based on the hierarchical identification principle. The proposed normalized fractional adaptive strategies are effective and could provide more accurate parameter estimates comparing with conventional counterparts for bilinear‐in‐parameter identification model based on the mean square error metrics and the average predicted output error. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithms are further verified and validated through numerical simulations for different noise variances, fractional orders and gain parameters.
Tackling Disorder in γ‐Ga2O3
Authors: Ratcliff Laura E. , Oshima Takayoshi , Nippert Felix , Janzen Benjamin M. , Kluth Elias , Goldhahn Rüdiger , Feneberg Martin , Mazzolini Piero , Bierwagen Oliver , Wouters Charlotte , Nofal Musbah , Albrecht Martin , Swallow Jack E. N. , Jones Leanne A. H. , Thakur Pardeep K. , Lee Tien‐Lin , Kalha Curran , Schlueter Christoph , Veal Tim D. , Varley Joel B. , Wagner Markus R. , Regoutz Anna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGa2O3 and its polymorphs are attracting increasing attention. The rich structural space of polymorphic oxide systems such as Ga2O3 offers potential for electronic structure engineering, which is of particular interest for a range of applications, such as power electronics. γ‐Ga2O3 presents a particular challenge across synthesis, characterization, and theory due to its inherent disorder and resulting complex structure–electronic‐structure relationship. Here, density functional theory is used in combination with a machine‐learning approach to screen nearly one million potential structures, thereby developing a robust atomistic model of the γ‐phase. Theoretical results are compared with surface and bulk sensitive soft and hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy experiments representative of the occupied and unoccupied states of γ‐Ga2O3. The first onset of strong absorption at room temperature is found at 5.1 eV from spectroscopic ellipsometry, which agrees well with the excitation maximum at 5.17 eV obtained by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, where the latter shifts to 5.33 eV at 5 K. This work presents a leap forward in the treatment of complex, disordered oxides and is a crucial step toward exploring how their electronic structure can be understood in terms of local coordination and overall structure.
Controllable Heterogenous Seeding‐Induced Crystallization for High‐Efficiency FAPbI3‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Over 24%
Authors: Zhang Hengkai , Ren Zhiwei , Liu Kuan , Qin Minchao , Wu Zehan , Shen Dong , Zhang Yaokang , Chandran Hrisheekesh Thachoth , Hao Jianhua , Lee Chun‐sing , Lu Xinhui , Zheng Zijian , Huang Jinsong , Li Gang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe addition of small seeding particles into a supersaturated solution is one among the most effective approaches to obtain high‐quality semiconductor materials via increased crystallization rates. However, limited study is conducted on this approach for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells. Here, a new strategy—“heterogenous seeding‐induced crystallization (hetero‐SiC)” to assist the growth of FAPbI3‐based perovskite is proposed. In this work, di‐tert‐butyl(methyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate is directly introduced into the precursor, which forms a low‐solubility complex with PbI2. The low‐solubility complex can serve as the seed to induce crystallization of the perovskite during the solvent‐evaporation process. Various in situ measurement tools are used to visualize the hetero‐SiC process, which is shown to be an effective way of manipulating the nucleation and crystal growth of perovskites. The hetero‐SiC process greatly improves the film quality, reduces film defects, and suppresses nonradiative recombination. A hetero‐SIC proof‐of‐concept device exhibits outstanding performance with 24.0% power conversion efficiency (PCE), well over the control device with 22.2% PCE. Additionally, hetero‐SiC perovskite solar cell (PSC) stability under light illumination is enhanced and the PSC retains 84% of its initial performance after 1400 h of light illumination.
Unlocking Interfacial Electron Transfer of Ruthenium Phosphides by Homologous Core–Shell Design toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation
Authors: Du Hongfang , Du Zhuzhu , Wang Tingfeng , Li Boxin , He Song , Wang Ke , Xie Linghai , Ai Wei , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeveloping high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) in alkaline electrolytes is of critical importance for realizing renewable hydrogen technologies. Ruthenium phosphides (RuPx) are promising candidates to substitute Pt‐based electrodes; however, great challenges still remain in their electronic structure regulation for optimizing intermediate adsorption. Herein, it is reported that a homologous RuP@RuP2 core–shell architecture constructed by a phosphatization‐controlled phase‐transformation strategy enables strong electron coupling for optimal intermediate adsorption by virtue of the emergent interfacial functionality. Density functional theory calculations show that the RuP core and RuP2 shell present efficient electron transfer, leading to a close to thermoneutral hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy of 0.04 eV. Impressively, the resulting material exhibits superior HER/HOR activities in alkaline media, which outperform the benchmark Pt/C and are among the best reported bifunctional hydrogen electrocatalysts. The present work not only provides an efficient and cost‐effective bifunctional hydrogen electrocatalyst, but also offers a new synthetic protocol to rationally synthesize homologous core–shell nanostructures for widespread applications.
Mesoporous Silica Materials as an Emerging Tool for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Escriche‐Navarro Blanca , Escudero Andrea , Lucena‐Sánchez Elena , Sancenón Félix , García‐Fernández Alba , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has emerged in the past decade as a promising strategy for treating many forms of cancer by stimulating the patient's immune system. Although immunotherapy has achieved some promising results in clinics, more efforts are required to improve the limitations of current treatments related to lack of effective and targeted cancer antigens delivery to immune cells, dose‐limiting toxicity, and immune‐mediated adverse effects, among others. In recent years, the use of nanomaterials has proven promising to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy and reduce side effects. Among nanomaterials, attention has been recently paid to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as a potential multiplatform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy by considering their unique properties, such as high porosity, and good biocompatibility, facile surface modification, and self‐adjuvanticity. This review explores the role of MSN and other nano/micro‐materials as an emerging tool to enhance cancer immunotherapy, and it comprehensively summarizes the different immunotherapeutic strategies addressed to date by using MSN.
Muscle‐Inspired Linear Actuators by Electrochemical Oxidation of Liquid Metal Bridges
Authors: Liao Jiahe , Majidi Carmel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProgress in artificial muscles relies on new architectures that combine soft matter with transduction mechanisms for converting controlled stimuli into mechanical work. Liquid metal, in particular eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn), is promising for creating an artificial muscle since it is intrinsically deformable and capable of generating significant force and shape change through low voltage stimulation. In this work, a muscle‐inspired structure for designing liquid metal actuators is presented, where EGaIn droplets are configured with copper pads to linearly contract. By theory and experiments, it is demonstrated that this design enables higher work densities and stress, making it a favorable actuator at smaller length scales. Furthermore, higher frequency (up to 5 Hz) operation is achieved by prestretching an antagonistic pair of actuators, where energy bistability enables fast‐switching actuation. Overall, this muscle‐inspired architecture shows a unique combination of low voltage operation, higher energy density at smaller scales, structural scalability, and higher frequency actuation.
McIntyre Powder and its potential contributions to cardiovascular disease risk: A literature review through the McIntyre Powder historical lens
Authors: Zarnke Andrew , Oliver Christine , Dorman Sandra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMcIntyre Powder (MP) is a fine aluminum powder that was developed to prevent silicosis in gold and uranium mine workers in Ontario, Canada, and was administered to miners there from 1943 to 1979. Mine workers were exposed to high concentrations (35.6 mg/m3) of MP for approximately 10 min before every work shift. Contemporary physical and chemical characterizations of this powder have revealed that 12% of the powder is in the ultrafine particle size‐range (nanoparticles); and the remaining 88%, in the fine particulate size range (below 2.5 µm in diameter). The confluence of ultrafine particulate (UFP) composition and high airborne concentration of MP would be expected to overwhelm the defense mechanisms of the lung and increase the lung dust burden of the mine worker exposed to respirable dust in the mine. Published studies revealing associations between air pollution particulates and increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) shown a dose–response relationship with ambient PM2.5 and UFP and suggest that miners exposed to MP may also be at increased risk of CVD. The historical perspective of the use of MP in northern Ontario hard‐rock mines and its potential implications for CVD in exposed mine workers are discussed.
Prognostic Discussion for Infants with Neurologic Conditions: Qualitative Analysis of Family Conferences
Authors: Lemmon Monica E. , Barks Mary C. , Bernstein Sarah , Davis J. Kelly , Jiao Megan G. , Kaye Erica C. , Glass Hannah C. , Brandon Debra , Ubel Peter A. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveWe characterize the content and role of prognostic discussion for infants with neurologic conditions.MethodsIn this descriptive qualitative study, we prospectively enrolled infants (age < 1 year) in the intensive care unit with a neurologic condition anticipated to have ≥1 family conference about prognosis or goals of care. We audiorecorded family conferences as they occurred. We used a rapid‐cycle qualitative approach to identify and refine themes.ResultsForty infants and 61 parents were enrolled; 68 family conferences occurred for 24 infants. The majority of infant cases (n = 23/24, 96%) and conferences (n = 64/68, 94%) included discussion of neurologic prognosis. Common infant diagnoses included prematurity (n = 12, 52%), genetic conditions (n = 9, 35%), and brain malformations (n = 7, 30%). We identified 2 themes relating to the characterization of the infant's prognosis: (1) predictions of impairment and (2) rationale for prognostic predictions. We identified 3 themes characterizing the role of prognostic discussion: (1) aligning parent and clinician understanding of infant outcome, (2) influencing decision‐making, and (3) preparing for life at home. We identified 2 themes characterizing discussion of prognostic uncertainty: (1) multilayered types of uncertainty and (2) holding space for hope alongside uncertainty.InterpretationIn this cohort of infants with neurologic conditions and their parents, we identified salient themes characterizing the content and role of discussion about neurologic outcome. Our findings highlight that prognostic discussion focuses on anticipated impairments, informs decision‐making, and helps families prepare for home life. Future work should characterize whether these findings align with parent preferences for prognostic disclosure. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:699–709
Fully Conjugated Poly(phthalocyanine) Scaffolds Derived from a Mechanochemical Approach Towards Enhanced Energy Storage
Authors: Fan Juntian , Wang Tao , Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Qiu Liqi , Li Meijia , Wang Zongyu , Kobayashi Takeshi , Popovs Ilja , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhthalocyanines (Pc)‐derived materials represent an attractive category of porous organic scaffolds featured by extensive π‐conjugated networks, but their construction is still limited to the solution‐based pathways, producing materials with inferior conductivity and porosity. Herein, a mechanochemistry‐driven approach was developed leveraging the on‐surface polymerization of aromatic nitrile monomers with ortho‐positioned dicyano groups in the presence of metal catalysts (magnesium, zinc, or aluminum) under neat and ambient conditions. Diverse Pc‐functionalized conjugated porous networks (Pc‐CPNs) were obtained featured by extensively and fully π‐conjugated skeletons, high surface areas, and hierarchical porosities. The monomers in this mechanochemical approach could be extended to those difficult to be handled in solution‐based procedures. The Pc‐CPNs displayed attractive electrochemical performance as supercapacitor and anodes in batteries, together with superb long‐term stability.
Facile Benzylic Alkylation of Arenes with Alcohols by Catalysis with Spirocyclic NHC IrIII Pincer Complex
Authors: Dai Kun‐Long , Chen Qi‐Long , Xie Wen‐Ping , Lu Ka , Yan Zhi‐Bo , Peng Meng , Li Chang‐Kun , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Ding Tong‐Mei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA facile benzylic alkylation of indenes and other arenes was developed from readily available primary and secondary alcohols using our newly investigated CCC pincer IrIII catalyst (SNIr−H). Excellent regioselectivity and yield (89 %) of the C3‐alkylated indenes were obtained. Additionally, the challenging sp2C‐alkylation was readily accomplished. This method could be utilized for the synthesis of the analogs of a histamine H1 receptor antagonist and the functional material template molecule, indeno[2,1‐a]indene. A hemilabile IrIII‐dihydride intermediate was proposed based on control experiments and previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the borrowing hydrogen mechanism and is key to the success of this IrIII catalyst in the reduction of unactivated multi‐substituted olefin intermediates.
High mechanical strength and low ablation rate of phenolic resin composites incorporated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐modified graphene oxide
Authors: Ma Shiye , Dong Yubing , He Jiyu , Yang Rongjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHybrid composites of phenolic resin are prepared by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with aminophenyl silsesquioxane (NH2‐OPS) for different functionalities. The covalent grafting of NH2‐POSS to GO is favorable for its homogeneous dispersion in the polymer matrix. For this purpose, GO is modified with NH2‐OPS to obtain GO‐3NH2‐OPS (GP‐3), GO‐5NH2‐OPS (GP‐5), GO‐8NH2‐OPS (GP‐8), according to the functionality of NH2‐OPS, respectively. The GP samples are then incorporated into phenolic resin (PR) to obtain PR/GP composites. The successful modification for GO with NH2‐OPS is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and specific surface and pore size analysis. The thermogravimetric analysis results show that the thermal stabilities of GP‐3, GP‐5 and GP‐8 are significantly increased compared with pure GO. Furthermore, the mechanical and ablative properties of the PR/GP composites are effectively enhanced. In particular, with the addition of 0.5 wt% GP‐5, the linear ablation rate of the PR/GP‐5 composite is reduced by 55.5% from 0.128 to 0.057 mm/s and the flexural strength is increased by 80.6% from 47.74 to 86.23 MPa, compared with pure PR.
Sequential electrolysis and reverse osmosis to improve arsenic removal from water
Authors: Hou Yizhi , Mayer Brooke K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReverse osmosis (RO) typically removes >98% arsenate (As[V]) but removes arsenite (As[III]) comparatively poorly (approximately 50%–80%). Therefore, oxidizing As(III) to As(V) can improve arsenic removal using RO. In this study, electrolytic oxidation was used to oxidize As(III) in the feed water, and an extreme low‐pressure RO membrane was subsequently used to remove the arsenic. Using Ti/IrO2 electrodes under 30 mA DC current in 500 mg/L NaCl solution primarily generated free chlorine, which completely oxidized 300 μg/L As(III) to As(V). Subsequent arsenic removal by RO increased from 54.2% without oxidation to 98.2% with oxidation. Using electrolysis‐RO, arsenic removal significantly increased beyond RO alone, even in the presence of ferrous iron and natural organic matter. When sulfide and As(III) are present in water, they react to produce thioarsenate ions, the formation of which increased As(III) removal to 90% without electrolytic oxidation and electrolytic oxidation did not improve arsenic removal beyond these levels.
Brückennachrechnung mit erweiterten Nachweisen zur Querkrafttragfähigkeit im Haupttragsystem
Authors: Hegger Josef , Schmidt Maximilian , Adam Viviane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDie ungünstige Altersstruktur der Bundesfernstraßen in Deutschland und die erhebliche Zunahme des Güterverkehrs sind die wesentlichen Gründe für den allgemein schlechten Gesamtzustand zahlreicher Brückenbauwerke. Zusätzlich ergeben sich durch die Weiterentwicklung der Normen in Verbindung mit den Eurocodes häufig rechnerische Defizite. Genauere Nachweisformate bietet die Stufe 2 der Nachrechnungsrichtlinie an, die 2011 erstmals erschienen ist und 2015 ergänzt wurde. Neuere Erkenntnisse zum Querkrafttragverhalten von Spannbetonbrücken mit geringen Querkraftbewehrungsgraden im Bereich von ρw,min bilden die Grundlage für die 2. Ergänzung der Nachrechnungsrichtlinie, die in der BEM‐ING Teil 2 erscheinen wird. Zur Bewertung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit des Hauptsystems wird ein erweitertes Fachwerkmodell mit additivem Betontraganteil eingeführt, das im Folgenden erläutert und anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen vorgestellt wird.
Dosimetric properties of thermoluminescent NaCl pellets from Khewra Salt Mines, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Khalil , Kakakhel Muhammad Basim , Hayat Sikander , Wazir‐ud‐Din Mirza , Mahmood Muhammad Masood , ur‐Rehman Shakeel , Siddique Muhammad Tariq , Munir Muhammad , Mirza Sikander Majid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThermoluminescence (TL) and extended dosimetric characteristics of naturally occurring sodium chloride (NaCl) salt were studied. Pellets were prepared from mined crystalline salt obtained from Khewra Salt Mines, Pakistan and irradiated from 1 mGy to 10,000 mGy using cobalt‐60 gamma source. The TL response showed two dominant peaks around 125°C and 230°C, respectively, at low doses, with an additional peak in between at doses beyond 300 mGy. A linear and supra‐linear TL response was observed between 1 mGy–100 mGy and 100 mGy–10 Gy dose ranges, respectively. During the first 24 h post‐irradiation, the TL intensity dropped by 20%. A maximum angular dependence of up to 50% was observed between 0° to 360°. For photon energies between 33 keV and 1.25 MeV significant energy dependence was observed for photons < 100 keV only. Sample sensitivity increased with dose a qualitatively similar behaviour to TLD‐200. Effective atomic number (Zeff) of the sample (14.6) was comparable to TLD‐200 (16.3). No significant dose rate effects (deviation for a cobalt‐60 source within 3.5%) on the TL sensitivity of the sample were found. The lowest detectable dose limit (LDDL) for salt sample was found to be 0.8 mGy whereas the sample reproducibility test showed a maximum of ±11% deviation from the first value.
The use of isothermal titration calorimetry for the assay of enzyme activity: Application in higher education practical classes
Authors: Siddiqui Khawar S. , Poljak Anne , Ertan Haluk , Bridge Wallace 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDetermination of enzyme activity is crucial for discovery, research, and development in life sciences. The activity of enzymes is routinely determined using spectrophotometric assays that measure rates of substrate consumption or product formation. Though colorimetric‐based detection systems are simple, rapid, and economical to perform, the majority of enzymes are unsuitable for this technique as their substrates/products do not absorb in the UV or visible range. This limitation can be addressed by the use of coupled‐enzyme assays or artificial chromogenic substrates; however these approaches have their own drawbacks. Here, we describe a method based on the use of an isothermal titration calorimeter (ITC) to measure the heat produced or absorbed during any enzyme‐catalyzed reaction. The concept of calorimetric enzyme assays was demonstrated for the determination of enzyme hexokinase activity, which cannot be monitored colorimetrically without first coupling it to another enzymatic reaction. The assay is suitable for incorporation into undergraduate laboratory classes, providing students with an appreciation for; the versatility and ease of use of ITC assays; ITC as a flexible generic method for exploring the functional characteristics of uncharacterized enzymes; an activity detection parameter suitable for enzymes that either have no straightforward colorimetric methods available or require the use of nonartificial chromogenic substrates.