bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E

.

Lignosellus

Control in Dryland Peanuts, Oklahoma, 1975
Authors: Berberet R. C. , Wall R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts “Spanhoma” were planted on June 2 with 36 inch row spacing using a 4 row planter. A pre-plant application of Balan was incorporated for weed control. Insecticides were applied July 29, about 2 weeks after pegging began and again on August 31 after a resurgence in cornstalk borer populations. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 2 row by 500 ft plots (0.0689 acres) on light sandy soil. Liquid formulations of insecticides were applied as basally directed sprays with a total volume of 20 gal/acre applied in a 6 to 8 inch band on the soil surface with 2 flat fan nozzles/row. Granular formulations were applied in a 12 inch band over the row. Dithane M-45 and Terraclor were used to control foliar diseases and soil fungi, respectively. Two criteria were used for rating of chemicals: percent of plants infested after treatment and yield/acre (dry weight). Samples which consisted of 25 plants/plot were taken at weekly intervals to determine percent infestation. Each plant was removed from the soil and examined as was the soil around the base of the plant. A plant was considered to be infested if one or more live larvae or pupae were located. Peanuts were dug on October 5 and threshed on October 10. All peanuts from each plot were sacked and dried. Yields were computed on a dry weight/acre basis. Data were analyzed statistically, using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test.
Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Winter, 1983
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 26 Oct in Myakka fine sand on the University of Florida’s Central Florida Research and Education Center in Sanford. Lasso 15G 3 lb (AI)/acre was incorporated in a 15 inch band at planting time for weed control. Treatments were applied to single row, 40-ft plots with 12-inch plant spacing. Rows were spaced 5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 5 times in randomized complete blocks separated by 10 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles (D3-45) were used per row; 1 overhead and 1 drop on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gpa with a boom pressure of about 50 psi and a speed of 3 mph. Sprays were applied 17, 22, and 28 Nov, and 1 and 5 Dec. Twenty plants per plot were rated for damage on 12 Dec as follows: 0 = no apparent feeding damage; 1 = etching or feeding holes in outer leaves, no whorl damage; 2 = light whorl damage (some whorl leaves without damage); 3 = heavy whorl damage (all whorl leaves damaged). Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 inches tall; the stage considered most susceptible to bud destruction by fall armyworm. Only the percentage of plants showing ratings of 2 and 3 were included in the table since a rating of 1 was not considered a threat to the plant.
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 11 May at the University of Arkansas Experimental Station, Favetteville, AR. Plots were two 20-ft rows (42-inch spacing) with 4-ft alleys separating plots on the same row. One buffer row separated plots. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 11 treatments replicated 3 times. Five sprays (11, 13, 17, 19, 21 Jul) were applied during silking to each side of each treated row with a hand-held CO, sprayer equipped with 2 nozzles. Final volume was 40 gal/acre. Plots were harvested 24 Jul and ears were categorized as follows: cull, earworm damage beyond the apical inch; acceptable damage, earworm damage confined to the apical inch; and non-damaged.
Control of the European Corn Borer by Aerial Application of Ambush, 1984
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , North R. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One commercial field, located near Batavia, NY, was divided into 3 sections. A Grumman Air Cat, delivering 3 gal/acre, was used to apply a single application (1 Sep) of each treatment to the corn when it was in the early green tassel stage. Control of the ECB was assessed by removing a whole leaf from the middle height of 10 plants/plot, exising a 4-inch square from the middle of the leaf, and allowing 5 neonatal larvae to feed on the section for 72 h at 70°F. Samples were taken from the field at 3 and 6 days posttreatment.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Eggplant, 1984
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eggplant were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 7 Jun. Single-row plots were 15 ft long and 5 ft wide; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and 1 nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments were applied 22 Jun, 2, 12, 20 and 31 Jul. Colorado potato beetle (CPB) counts were recorded 3 and 23 Jul. Percent defoliation caused by CPE feeding was recorded on 3 Jul and 1 Sep. Mature fruit were harvested on 2, 15, 28 Aug, 11 and 27 Sep. All fruit were examined for percent damage or scarred fruit caused by CPB feeding. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Mushroom Sciarid Control with Cyromazine (ARMOR), 1984
Authors: Rinker D. L. , Tetrault R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-four mushroom trays (0.37m2 x 0.15m), each containing 20.4 kg of deammoniated and pasteurized Phase II wheat-straw-bedded horse manure compost (72% water), were individually spawned with 110 g of light cream mushroom spawn (PSU #324) and placed into a single mushroom production room. Four days after spawning 500 female sciarids were released into the production room. Two casing materials were used: (1) Canadian Sphagnum Peat Moss and (2) mineral soil. Cyromazine (8.75 g (AI)/100m2 of production surface was either drenched onto the casing surface in the first casing watering or incorporated at the same a.i. into the casing material (2628 kg soil and 452 kg peat moss, dry wt. basis). Three trays were used for each treatment and check. In addition, cyromazine was incorporated into 3 trays of compost at 5.72 g (AI)/1000 kg compost (72% moisture) to serve as standard comparison. Evaluation of cyromazine to control sciarid larvae in both casing materials and application methods was through larval sampling and yield assessment.
Control of Onion Thrips on Transplant Onions, 1984
Authors: Capinera John L. , Epsky Nancy D. , Liewehr David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions were planted as transplants 15 Mar in a field with furrow irrigation west of Platteville, CO (Weld Co.). Plots were 8 x 15 ft in a complete randomized block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 hand sprayer delivering 48 gal/acre (24 gal/acre in treatments with 1/2 volume) at 30 psi. Applications were made 3 Jul (Expt. 1) and 27 Jul (Expt. 2). Evaluations were made by counting the number of nymphs and adults on 15 plants in each plot. These counts were made 1 day prespray; 3 and 8 days postspray (Expt 1) and 3 days postspray (Expt 2). Percent control was determined using adjusted mortality.
Onion Maggot Control, 1984
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted 18 May in muck soil near Potter, NY on the Sacheli Farm. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Germination, damage, and yield data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were sown and seed-furrow treatments applied with a hand-pushed cone seeder planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 GPA through a gravity fed system. The drench applications, timed for the peak of fly activity, were made on 4 and 8 Jun using a CO2-powered sprayer mounted on a cone seeder that delivered 150 GPA to the bases of the plants through a single Teejet nozzle. Dithane M-45 (80 WP) was applied in the furrow with each treatment except those already having a fungicide at 2.4 11) (AI)/acre for control of onion smut. Stand counts were taken 8 Jun. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants ca. twice/week from the time of stand counts until harvest on 10 Sep.
Control of European Corn Borer, Green Peach Aphid on Green Pepper, 1984
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peppers were transplanted on 6 Jun in Sunderland, MA. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was implemented. Plants were 1.5 ft apart in 40-ft rows. Rows were 3 ft apart. Transplants were treated with Schultz starter fertilizer at planting and side-dressed with 200 lb urea 45/acre on 27 Jun. The insecticides were applied on 24, 31 Aug and 11 Sep with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at 60 gal/acre and 40 psi. Corn borer control was assessed by harvesting 25 commercial-size peppers per row (100 peppers per treatment) on 18 Sep and examining them for injury. At this time the number of aphids were counted on 3 leaves per plant for 10 plants per row (40 plants per treatment). Almost all aphids were apterous; the few alates were included in the count.
Evaluation of Vendex Plus Pydrin for Mite Suppression in Orchards, 1984
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied in a comparative test to mature semi-dwarf Golden Delicious trees on 28 Jun with a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Single tree treatments were used and replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff. Mite and egg populations were evaluated by randomly selecting 25 leaves per replicate in each treatment, brushing mites and eggs onto glass plates with a modified Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine and counting with a binocular microscope. A pre-treatment evaluation on 26 Jun showed an average of 1.54 mites and 4.55 eggs/leaf. Posttreatment evaluations were done on 3 Jul and at weekly intervals throughout Jul. SP populations began to increase during mid Jul on some treatments and were evaluated on 25 Jul by counting all adults and larva in a timed count of 3 min/replicate. Effects of the treatments on SPLM were evaluated by recording the number of leafmines observed in a timed count (3 min/replicate) on 25 Jul.
Control of Potato Insects with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, Greeley, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 15 May at the Northern Colorado Research Center, Greeley, CO. Soil type was a sandy clay loam, 1.1% organic matter and a pH of 7.8. Plot size was 25 row-ft (30-inch row spacing), randomized in a complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were banded below the seed piece at planting. Insect counts were made 9 Jul by counting insects on 20 leaves/plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potato, 1984
Authors: Hollingsworth Craig S. , Hurley Voss Robert , Ferro David N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 5 May in Sunderland, Massachusetts. However, during the first week of Jun, ca. 9 inches of rain in a 2 day period destroyed the crop. Superior’ potatoes were replanted on 28 Jun. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with pH ca. 5.6. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Each plot consisted of two 30-ft rows, 3 ft apart. A fallow area of 6 ft separated each plot. Foliar applications were applied using a 3 gal stainless steel CO2-pressurized sprayer at 40 psi with a delivery rate of 60 gal per acre. Applications were made on 31 Jul, 7 Aug, 14 Aug and 20 Aug. Pydrin plus piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was applied to the Kryocide plus Pydrin plot on 31 Jul only. Thereafter, only Kryocide was applied. In addition to the preapplication count on 31 Jul, plots were evaluated 3-4 days following each application bv counting CPB adults and larvae on each of 10 randomly selected stalks per plot. Defoliation was evaluated on 16 Aug, rating plots from 1(0-15% defoliation) to 5(85-100%).
Green Peach Aphid Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Powell Donnie M. , Toba H. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a solid-set, sprinkler-irrigated field at Moxee, Washington to evaluate rates, formulations, and application methods of the granular systemic insecticides, Temik, Di-Syston, Thimet, Furadan and some combinations of these systemic insecticides to control the green peach aphid (GPA). The soil type was Cleman very fine sandy loam (Aridic Haploxeroll) with an organic matter content of 1-2%. On 28 Apr, planting-time furrow (PTF) applications were made with Gandy applicators mounted on the planter by placing the granules in 1-inch bands in the planter shoe furrow, level with and directly ahead of the seed pieces. On 31 May, when ca. 75% of the plants had emerged, plant-emergence sidedress (PESD) applications were made with a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator by shanking the granules 3-4 inches to each side and level with the potato seed pieces. Each treatment plot measured 38 ft long and 11.3 ft wide (4, 34-inch rows), and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Aphid control was evaluated by collecting 25 compound potato leaves from the lower two-thirds of the plants from each plot and counting the number of aphids found on the leaves. Plots treated with the same insecticide and both methods, PTF and PESD, were analyzed as a split-plot analysis to determine the differences between methods of application.
Apple, Alsystin Test, 1984
Authors: Hull L. A. , Beers E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of unreplicated 0.5 acre blocks containing the cultivars York Imperial and Golden Delicious. Pest and predator samples were taken from 6 tagged trees per block. Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa. Applications were made on alternate row middles every 7 to 11 days. Spray dates were: 5, 13, 22, 29 Jun; 10, 20, 31 Jul; 10, 20, 29 Aug. Captan was added to experimental sprays to control diseases. Average temperatures were: Jun 70.3° F, Jul 71.3° F, Aug 72.6° F, and Sep 60.9° F. Rainfall in inches totaled: Jun 4.42, Jul 5.86, Aug 7.33, and Sep 1.11. Effectiveness on AA was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves on 20 terminals around the periphery of the tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM, TSSM and AF was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 150 leaves/treatment. Effect of sprays on S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on tufted apple budmoth was assessed by scoring for injury one pick sample at harvest (both cultivars). Apple samples averaged 1200 apples per treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season. Alsystin provided better control of TABM than standard materials, but poorer control of AA. There was no apparent effect oh phytophagous or predatory mite species, however, populations of the coccinellid predator S. punctum were suppressed by Alsystin used in a seasonal schedule.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri, 1984
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Schroeder Peter C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a one-year-old stand of ‘Buffalo’ alfalfa at Spickard, Mo, Grundy County. Insecticides were applied on 11 Jul ’84 to 40 by 40-ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. A boom-type, tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with 8002 flat fan nozzles with 50-mesh screens and calibrated to deliver 16.5 gal per acre was used to apply the spray concentrations. Twenty 180° sweeps with a 15-inch diam sweep net were taken at 24 h, 7, 12 and 20 day posttreatment dates to estimate potato leafhopper populations. Alfalfa was 8 inches tall and conditions were 80° F and 8 mph wind at treatment. Virtually no precipitation was recorded in the 3 wks following treatment.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa in Far West Texas, 1983
Authors: Bueno R. , Stone J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Approximately 0.02 ha of an alfalfa field in the El Paso Lower Valley was divided into 28 plots, 6.1 in by 9.1 in each, in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied 31 Mar ’83. Some of the materials were applied using CO2 powered (2.1 kg/cm2) backpack sprayers, each with a boom with three TX 3 nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Rate of application was 112.2 liter/ha of total solution. The remaining materials were applied with a battery-powered Herbi sprayer. Twenty-seven ml of solution was placed in a 50-ml syringe and connected to the sprayer via plastic tubing. The Herbi was operated over each plot until the material was exhausted. Twenty sweeps per plot were collected during each sample period and the insects were placed in ziplock bags for sorting, identification and counting. Data were transformed (Xi + 0.5) for analysis.
Control of Alfalfa Webworm in Alfalfa, Weld Co, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Capinera John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in a grower’s field west of Ft Collins where an outbreak of alfalfa webworms was occurring. Individual plots were 8 by 15 ft arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Applications were made 10 Jul using a CO2 boom sprayer delivering 48 gal/acre at 25 psi. First sampling was 13 Jul taking 12 sweep-net samples/plot. A second sampling 18 Jul involved 10 sweep-net samples/plot.
Control of Alfalfa Insects in Iowa, 1984
Authors: Hutchins S. H. , Pedigo L. P. , Buntin G. D. , Bailey W. C. , Higley L. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 20 x 40 ft were established in a 1-year-old stand near Ankeny, Iowa. Twenty treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide treatments were applied on 31 May ’84 with a CO2-charged (16 psi) bicycle sprayer fitted with a 10-ft boom. The boom was ca. 18 inches from the foliage and equipped with 6 stainless steel 8003 flat-fan nozzles. Ground speed was 1.8 mph delivering 18.37 gal of final solution per acre. Plants were in stage 4 (late bud) and ca. 19 inches tall. Weather conditions at application time were sunny, winds 0-12 mph, temperature 70-80° F, and ca. 60% RH. A standard 15-inch sweep-net was used to take 10 pendulum sweeps in each plot 1 day before treatment and 1, 5, and 12 days posttreatnient. No phytotoxicity was observed in any plot.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Montana, 1984
Authors: Morrill Wendell L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated in a 3-yr-old stand of alfalfa in Gallatin Co, MT. Treatments were applied on 25 Jun in 8-ft by 20-ft plots with 3 replications in a completely randomized design. A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre was used. Evaluations were made by preblossom, 5% blossom, and 20% blossom plant growth stages. The weather was usually cool and wet, and the alfalfa was lodged by the second sample period.
Apple, Dilute Test of Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Hull L. A. , Breth D. I. , Beers E. H. , Meagher R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of Golden Delicious. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 8 gal of spray were applied per replicate tree. Dates of application were: 22 May; 6, 20 Jun; 5, 19 Jul; 2, 16, 30 Aug. Pounce 3.2EC (44 ml/100 gal) was substituted for the Advantage treatments on 22 May. Guthion 50WP (114 g/100 gal) was substituted for the Advantage treatments on 5, 19 Jul. Rates of Advantage were increased to 188 ml and 340 g on 16, 30 Aug. Guthion 50WP (114 g/100 gal) was substituted for Spur on 6 Jun, 2, 16 Aug. During the season general sprays involving Cyprex, Polyram, Benlate, Topsin M, Captan, Zineb, and calcium chloride were applied with an airblast sprayer at 50 gpa to the whole experimental block. Average temperatures were: May 58.5° F, Jun 70.3° F, Jul 71.3° F, Aug 72.6° F and Sep 60.9° F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 4.51, Jun 4.42, Jul 5.86, Aug 7.33, and Sep 1.11. Effectiveness on AA was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf. Effect jf sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting numphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM, TSSM and predatory mites was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment. Effect of sprays on SP was evaluated by 3 min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and 2 picked samples on 23 Aug and 17 Sep. Apple samples averaged 159 fruits/replicate and 636/treatment. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 120/treatment. Fruits are rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), ) or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were: 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe).
Common Stalk Borer Control in No-Till Field Corn, 1984
Authors: Bowman J. S. , Everich R. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on the Dan Harvey farm in Epping, NH, where an infestation of common stalk borer had occurred the previous year. Both the at-planting time treatment of Furadan 15G and the foliar applications of Pydrin 2.4E at the rates and timing suggested on their labels were made by the grower with conventional equipment. The 10-acre field which had been sown to winter rye the previous fall was no-till planted on 32-inch centers field corn on 16 May ’84 using a 4-row White no-till planter equipped with granular applicators. Furadan 15G was applied to 2 of the 4 rows at a rate of 15 lb/acre (2.25 lb (AI)/acre), leaving the other 2 rows to serve as an untreated check. The field was planted in a circular pattern so that every other 2 rows across the field was either treated with Furadan 15G or left untreated. On 18 May ’84, 2 days after the corn was planted, the winter rye crop was killed with berbicidal tank-mix consisting of Roundup (1 qt/acre), Lasso (1 qt/acre) ahd Aatrex (1 qt/acre) in 30 gal water/acre. On 0.5 of the 10-acre field, Pydrin 2.4E was applied as a tank-mix with the herbicides at a rate of 7 oz/acre (0.13 lb (AI)/acre). The remainder of the field received only the herbicides. On 12 Jun ’84 an evaluation of the effectiveness of these treatments was made by randomly selecting 4 two-row plots 100 ft long for each of the 4 treatments established. All of the plants were examined for common stalk borer injury and the injured plants were dissected and the number of live stalk borer larvae was recorded. A second application of Pydrin 2.4E was made on 19 Jun ’84 to determine its effectiveness as a rescue treatment. A repeat evaluation of all the treatments was then conducted on 28 Jun ’84. Yields were obtained on 19 Sep ’84 by weighing the corn harvested from 16 ft 4 inches of row (1/1000 Acre) from each treatment replicated 3 times. Soil and root samples from each of the treatments were collected on 5 Jul ’84 and sent to L. R. Krusberg, Botany Department, University of Maryland, for analysis.