bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extension and Evaluation of the PROMIS Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measures for Use in Adults Living with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Amtmann Dagmar , Bamer Alyssa M. , Salem Rana , McMullen Kara , Beier Meghan , Flynn Kathryn E. , Foley Frederick W. , Weinfurt Kevin P. , Wilkie Dana , Alschuler Kevin N. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Sexual dysfunction is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). Clinically meaningful and psychometrically sound measures of sexual function validated in people with MS are necessary to identify people with MS who experience problems with sexual function.

Aim
To evaluate the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sexual Function and Satisfaction (SexFS) v2.0 measure in people with MS and to extend the PROMIS SexFS Brief and Full Profiles to include additional aspects of sexual function relevant to people living with MS.

Methods
A convenience sample of MS clinicians and sexually active individuals with MS ranked relevance of 26 items that listed specific factors that interfere with sexual function. Rankings were used to select items to include in the modified SexFS for Multiple Sclerosis (SexFS-MS) profiles. Sex-FS Brief and Full profiles along with the top 22 ranked interfering factor items underwent cognitive interviews (CI) to assess whether the items were understandable and meaningful.

Outcomes
The SexFS as originally published functioned well in people with MS after minor modifications.

Results
Twelve MS clinicians and 26 people with MS ranked items. The 10 highest ranked questions about factors that interfere with sexual function most relevant to people with MS were added to the SexFS-MS Brief profiles and 18 to the Full profiles. Ten men and 12 women with MS participated in CIs and found most items to be clear and meaningful. However, important changes were made to the profile instructions, some response sets, and to some items to improve clarity and function. New items to assess numbness and reasons why sexually active people choose at times not to engage in sexual activity were added.

Clinical Implications
Brief and Full profiles are freely available and are recommended for research and clinical practice that include people with MS.

Strengths & Limitations
This study is the first to provide validity evidence for the PROMIS SexFS in people living with MS. Though the PROMIS SexFS was tested in people who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual, only individuals who identified as heterosexual participated in this study. Results may not represent views of people with MS who identify as other sexual orientations who may have different concerns and priorities related to sexual function.

Conclusion
This study extended the PROMIS SexFS Brief and Full profiles to create the SexFS-MS by adding items that measure most relevant issues related to sexual function in individuals living with MS.
Gender Identity and Non-Binary Presentations in Adolescents Attending Two Specialized Services in Italy
Authors: Mirabella Marta , Piras Irene , Fortunato Alexandro , Fisher Alessandra D. , Lingiardi Vittorio , Mosconi Maddalena , Ristori Jiska , Speranza Anna Maria , Giovanardi Guido 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecently, the variability and heterogeneity of gender presentations in transgender youths have gained significant attention worldwide. Alongside this, specialized gender services have reported an increase in referrals of youths reporting non-binary identities. In Italy, studies investigating gender identity and expression in gender non-conforming youths are lacking, as are data regarding the non-binary population.AimThe present study aimed at dimensionally exploring how transgender and non-binary Italian adolescents identify and express their gender.OutcomesGender expression in trans binary youths and non-binary youths.MethodsThe Gender Diversity Questionnaire (GDQ; Twist & de Graaf, 2019) was used to investigate gender identity, gender fluidity, and gender expression in a sample of 125 adolescent patients from the Gender Identity Development Service (SAIFIP) in Rome and the Gender Incongruence Unit of the Careggi Hospital in Florence, between April 2019–June 2021.ResultsThe majority of participants (74.4%) identified as trans* binary and the remaining (25.6%) participants identified as non-binary. Trans binary participants reported a stable gender identity, whereas non-binary participants reported a more fluid gender identity across time and contexts. Almost all participants rated external appearance as important to their gender expression, yet trans binary participants attributed more importance to the body in this respect. Body discomfort and pubertal stage emerged as the most influential factors in participants’ experiences of gender. Participants who were assigned male at birth expressed significantly more desire for puberty blockers, whereas those who were assigned female at birth had a stronger desire to engage in breast/chest surgery. Non-binary participants sought different medical interventions relative to trans binary participants.Clinical ImplicationsThese results may be useful for clinicians working with transgender youths as they provide awareness regarding the features of young people who identify within and outside of binary constructions of gender.Strengths & LimitationsThis study provides useful data in gaining insight into understanding the variety of experiences and challenges of gender non-conforming youths. However as the sample was recruited from specialized services, it may not represent the entire gender non-conforming population in Italy.ConclusionThe results describe the range of gender identities and expressions among gender non-conforming youths attending gender specialized services in Italy, thereby improving our understanding of the variety of identities experienced and the specific medical needs of both trans binary and non-binary adolescents.
Travel-Associated Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: McKerrow Johnson Isla , Shatzel Joseph , Olson Sven , Kohl Tovah , Hamilton Andrew , DeLoughery Thomas G. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Long-distance travel is assumed to be a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the available data have not clearly demonstrated the strength of this relationship, nor have they shown evidence for the role of thromboprophylaxis. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature. We also summarized available guidelines from 5 groups. Results We found 18 studies that addressed this question. Based on the data presented in the review, we conclude that there is an association between VTE and length of travel, but this association is mild to moderate in effect size with odds ratios between 1.1 and 4. A dose-response relationship between VTE and travel time was identified, with a 26% higher risk for every 2 h of air travel ( P=0.005) starting after 4 h. The quality of evidence for both travel length and thromboprophylaxis was low. However, low-risk prophylactic measures such as graduated compression stockings were shown to be effective in VTE prevention. There is heterogeneity among the different practice guidelines. The guidelines generally concur that no prophylaxis is necessary in travelers without known thrombosis risk factors and advocate for conservative treatment such as compression stockings over pharmacologic prophylaxis. Conclusions We conclude air travel is a risk factor for VTE and that there is a dose relationship starting at 4 h. For patients with risk factors, graduated compression stockings are effective prophylaxis.
THEOREMS OF HYPERARITHMETIC ANALYSIS AND ALMOST THEOREMS OF HYPERARITHMETIC ANALYSIS
Authors: BARNES JAMES S. , GOH JUN LE , SHORE RICHARD A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTheorems of hyperarithmetic analysis (THAs) occupy an unusual neighborhood in the realms of reverse mathematics and recursion-theoretic complexity. They lie above all the fixed (recursive) iterations of the Turing jump but below ATR
$_{0}$
(and so
$\Pi _{1}^{1}$
-CA
$_{0}$
or the hyperjump). There is a long history of proof-theoretic principles which are THAs. Until the papers reported on in this communication, there was only one mathematical example. Barnes, Goh, and Shore [1] analyze an array of ubiquity theorems in graph theory descended from Halin’s [9] work on rays in graphs. They seem to be typical applications of ACA
$_{0}$
but are actually THAs. These results answer Question 30 of Montalbán’s Open Questions in Reverse Mathematics [19] and supply several other natural principles of different and unusual levels of complexity.This work led in [25] to a new neighborhood of the reverse mathematical zoo: almost theorems of hyperarithmetic analysis (ATHAs). When combined with ACA
$_{0}$
they are THAs but on their own are very weak. Denizens both mathematical and logical are provided. Generalizations of several conservativity classes (
$\Pi _{1}^{1}$
, r-
$\Pi _{1}^{1}$
, and Tanaka) are defined and these ATHAs as well as many other principles are shown to be conservative over RCA
$_{0}$
in all these senses and weak in other recursion-theoretic ways as well. These results answer a question raised by Hirschfeldt and reported in [19] by providing a long list of pairs of principles one of which is very weak over RCA
$_{0}$
but over ACA
$_{0}$
is equivalent to the other which may be strong (THA) or very strong going up a standard hierarchy and at the end being stronger than full second-order arithmetic.
An exploration of staff experience and participation in a perinatal and infant mental health network group
Authors: O’Leary N. , Wynne F. , Moore P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesInfant mental health (IMH), an area which focuses on the social and emotional development of infants in the context of the parent-infant relationship, has become an increasingly prominent field of both research and clinical practice worldwide. IMH network groups are initiatives which aim to facilitate continuous learning in the IMH approach, provide an opportunity for case discussion and encourage reflective practice. This study aimed to explore the experiences of staff working within an adult mental health (AMH) service and their participation in a perinatal IMH network group (PIMH-NG).MethodsThis study had a qualitative research design and the data were collected using a focus group methodology. Participants were recruited from a PIMH-NG which aimed to provide staff working within an AMH setting with the opportunity for continuous development of IMH knowledge. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe data gathered from the focus group indicated that staff participating in a PIMH-NG enhanced their clinical skill, reflective practice and supported the dissemination of IMH knowledge throughout their respective teams. The PIMH-NG facilitated this work by providing the opportunity for continuous learning, reflective group discussion and ongoing peer support.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate that incorporating elements of an IMH model into AMH services can be beneficial for staff, service users and overall service delivery and development. These findings may be used to develop the structure and content of future network groups of this nature.
Injunctions, land and the cynical breach
Authors: Sawtell David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn injunction is typically characterised as the primary remedy to prevent a continuing interference with a claimant's property rights. It can be easier to obtain such a remedy against a cynical defendant who knowingly interfered with those rights, as opposed to a naïve or unwitting party who was unaware of them. It is not obvious, however, why the defendant's state of mind should affect what remedy the claimant is afforded in vindicating their property rights. This paper examines the role played by the defendant's state of mind when considering whether to grant an injunction. It argues that a defendant who knowingly infringes a property right in respect of land for material gain assumes the risk that an injunction will be granted to stop that infringement. As a consequence, the question of whether such an order will create hardship or oppression is either diminished or eliminated as a factor. This approach also vindicates the proprietary nature of such rights, which may be difficult to assess in financial terms.
Duplicates under the hammer: natural-history auctions in Berlin's early nineteenth-century collection landscape
Authors: MacKinney Anne Greenwood 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nineteenth-century museum and auction house are seemingly distinct spaces with opposing functions: while the former represents a contemplative space that accumulates objects of art and science, the latter provides a forum for lively sales events that disperse wares to the highest bidders. This contribution blurs the border between museums and marketplaces by studying the Berlin Zoological Museum's duplicate specimen auctions between 1818 and the 1840s. It attends to the operations and tools involved in commodifying specimens as duplicates, particularly the auction catalogue. The paper furthermore contextualizes the museum's sales in a broader history of duplicate auctions across Berlin's collection landscape.
The Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Vote in a More Tolerant Canada
Authors: Guntermann Eric , Beauvais Edana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch on the political preferences of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) voters shows that they are more progressive than heterosexuals. However, few studies consider differences between heterosexual, gay/lesbian, and bisexual men and women. Furthermore, little is known about how these preferences have changed as society has become more accepting of diverse sexualities. We offer an analysis of Canadian LGB voters’ political preferences a decade and a half after same-sex marriage was legalized. Consistent with prior research, we find that gay men, and, to a lesser extent, bisexual men, are more left-wing than heterosexual men. A more novel finding is that bisexual women are the most left-wing group. Lesbian women are only slightly to the left of heterosexual women. While left-wing bisexual women are growing in number, the overall gap between LGB and heterosexual voters has remained stable across generations, because marriage narrows some of the preference gaps.
HOW TO IDENTIFY INSIDERS AND INTRUDERS DISGUISING AS INVESTORS IN THE ASSIGNMENT OF INVESTMENTS
Authors: Ren Raphael , Shan Soh Lip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe constant exchange of investment assets poses a risk of ‘commoditisation’ of investment treaty claims. Nevertheless, both traditional and modern investment treaties contain sufficient safeguards against attempts by host State ‘insiders’ and third State ‘intruders’ to create artificial access to arbitration. First, the definition of ‘investment’ can filter genuine investments from bare acquisition of assets (ratione materiae). Second, the textual linkage between ‘investor’ and ‘investment’ strongly implies that ‘active contribution’ in the investment is required from assignees to qualify for protection (ratione personae). Third, the doctrine of abuse of rights prevents treaty shopping and internationalisation of domestic disputes (ratione temporis).
Temporal variabilities of soil carbon dioxide fluxes from cornfield impacted by temperature and precipitation changes through high-frequent measurement and DAYCENT modelling
Authors: Lai Liming , Kumar Sandeep , Rastogi Deeksha , Ashfaq Moetasim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the field of corn (Zea maysL.) play an important role in global warming. This study investigated temporal variability of soil CO2fluxes (Rs) with soil temperature (Ts) and moisture (θ) and built DAYCENT models for predicting future impacts of climate changes onRsusing the measured high-frequency data.Rstrend was tested by Mann–Kendall and Sen Estimator. PredictedRss under different climate scenarios were compared using Parallel-line Analysis. The findings indicated that dailyRsexponentially increased withTsconstrained byθ. During theθof 27–31%, there was a strong exponential relationship betweenRsandTs, but the relationship was weaker for theθof 38–41% and 22–26%. Soil environmental index (SEI,Ts×θ) significantly impactedRswith linear regressionRs0.5= 0.4599 + 0.002059 × SEI in 2008, 2009 and 2011. At the diurnal scale, there were different trends inRss and relationships amongRsandTsandθin different years. Predicted yearlyRss, rootRss and corn yield in 2014–2049 increased with an increase in temperature scenarios, but theRss significantly increased as temperature rose by 1°C or higher. Predicted yearlyRss, rootRss and yield reduced with precipitation scenario increase, and the rootRss and yield significantly diminished as precipitation increased by 15 and 30%. Predicted yearlyRsfrom cornfields had a significantly increasing trend. Future research is needed to explore methods for mitigating cornfieldRsand evaluating sensitivities of different croplandRss to temperature changes.
Five further species of Graphis reported new to Europe from Portugal
Authors: Lepista Zacarias , Aptroot André 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFive Graphis species are reported as new to Europe from the Mata Nacional do Buçaco, a region in Portugal where graphidoid Graphidaceae are abundant and diverse. The following species were identified: Graphis dendrogramma, G. duplicata, G. gonimica, G. librata and G. pyrrhocheiloides. An updated key is given to the Graphis species known from Europe. All those newly reported were identified with names corresponding to tropical species.
Informal diplomacy in Chosŏn Korea and new engagement with the West and Westernized Japan, 1873–1876
Authors: Han Sean S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on Chosŏn's informal diplomacy with the Qing dynasty that guided Chosŏn Korea's diplomatic engagement with Japan in the 1870s. The Chosŏn–Qing literary correspondence in Kang Wi's (姜瑋, 1820–1884) brush talk records has been viewed as historical evidence of Chosŏn's intelligence-gathering activities which formed the basis of a new diplomatic enterprise for dealing with modern imperial powers. What has received less attention, however, is the implementation and implications of the informal diplomacy reflected in Kang's diplomatic activities and his discursive practice. Based on a personal and unofficial account by an intellectual on the margins of the established social and international order, this study revisits the political and intelligence-gathering processes that led up to the 1876 peace agreement, which was the culmination of the Qing and Chosŏn dynasties’ concerted efforts as they transitioned to a changing world order in East Asia. In addition, this article further illuminates Kang's agency, despite his secondary social status, in Chosŏn's changing attitude towards Westerners and Westernized Japan. I argue that as both interviewer and transcriber, and from his position on the periphery of the Confucian ruling elites in the late Chosŏn period, Kang provided a new framework through which to formulate policies by reconfiguring his brush talk records to implement his own agenda as a member of the chungin (middle people) literary elite.
Grant Writing and the Hidden Curriculum: Mentoring and Collaborating Across Disciplines
Authors: Windsor Leah C. , Kronsted Christian 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTSubmitting grant proposals is becoming an increasingly common expectation—and, in some cases, a requirement—in the discipline of political science as well as other social sciences and the humanities. However, writing a grant with a good chance of success at getting funded is not part of standard mentorship or pedagogy in our discipline. It is a part of the hidden curriculum, where grant-writing skills often are taught informally in working with a principal investigator. This article describes the process and structure of writing a grant to provide a roadmap for scholars to follow in submitting externally funded projects. The article describes an Institutional Review Board–approved survey about mentorship and grant writing and discusses the importance of socialization, professionalization, and administration in supporting scholars in writing and obtaining grants.
Tick, Tick, Boom: Simulating Human Rights Decisions in the Classroom
Authors: Watson K. Anne 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis article presents an original simulation, called Tick, Tick, Boom, which is designed to help students examine the use of torture in counterterrorism interrogations. The simulation is designed to be embedded in a larger array of course content but needs only one 50-minute class period to play. Unlike many similar games, students participate individually, learning the consequences of their actions through dice rolls. The article summarizes the gameplay and debriefing, presents a brief assessment of the simulation as an activity, and offers suggestions for future extensions.
Association between dietary patterns and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: He Chenlu , Wang Wei , Chen Qian , Shen Ziyuan , Pan Enchun , Sun Zhongming , Lou Peian , Zhang Xunbao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to examine the impact of different dietary patterns on stroke outcomes among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.Design:Participants were enrolled by a stratified random cluster sampling method in the study. After collecting dietary data using a quantified FFQ, latent class analysis was used to identify dietary patterns, and propensity score matching was used to reduce confounding effects between different dietary patterns. Binary logistic regression and conditional logistic regression were used to analyse the relationship between dietary patterns and stroke in patients with T2DM.Setting:A cross-sectional survey available from December 2013 to January 2014.Participants:A total of 13 731 Chinese residents aged 18 years or over.Results:Two dietary patterns were identified: 61·2 % of T2DM patients were categorised in the high-fat dietary pattern while 38·8 % of patients were characterised by the balanced dietary pattern. Compared with the high-fat dietary pattern, the balanced dietary pattern was associated with reduced stroke risk (OR = 0·63, 95 %CI 0·52, 0·76,P< 0·001) after adjusting for confounding factors. The protective effect of the balanced model did not differ significantly (interactionP> 0·05).Conclusions:This study provides sufficient evidence to support the dietary intervention strategies to prevent stroke effectively. Maintaining a balanced dietary pattern, especially with moderate consumption of foods rich in quality protein and fresh vegetables in T2DM patients, might decrease the risk of stroke in China.