bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlative conformity or subtle unconformity? The distal expression of a sequence boundary in the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale, Henry Mountains Region, Utah, U.S.A.
Authors: Li Zhiyang , Schieber Juergen 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
In models of siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy, the sequence boundary in distal marine environments, where the strata are mudstone dominated, is usually considered a correlative conformity—the seaward extension of a subaerial unconformity. Despite its wide usage in the literature, objective recognition criteria of a correlative conformity remain lacking, largely due to the limited number of case studies directly examining the characteristics of sequence boundaries in offshore mudstone-dominated environments. This study focuses on the mudstone-dominated transitional interval between the Tununk Shale Member and the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation exposed in south-central Utah to extend our understanding of the characteristics of a sequence boundary developed in the distal shelf environment of a ramp setting. An integrated sedimentologic, petrographic, and sequence stratigraphic analysis was conducted to characterize the sequence boundary that separates the Tununk from the Ferron depositional system (hereafter referred to as the T-F sequence boundary) and its lateral along-depositional-strike variability.
Although manifest as a mudstone-on-mudstone contact, the T-F sequence boundary in all three measured sections is a subtle unconformity, characterized by erosional truncation below and onlap above, and marks a distinct basinward shift in facies association. The T-F sequence boundary also marks the change from the Tununk offshore mud-belt system to the Ferron Notom delta system, and therefore represents a surface that divides two genetically different depositional systems. Based on two distinct marker beds that bracket the T-F sequence boundary, the T-F sequence boundary can be traced across the study area with confidence. The lateral variability in the characteristics of the T-F sequence boundary along depositional strike indicates that it was produced by an allogenic base-level fall.
Offshore shelfal mudstone strata may contain a significantly higher incidence of subtle unconformities analogous to the T-F sequence boundary than currently appreciated. Careful sedimentologic and petrographic analyses, combined with lateral correlations constrained by reliable chronostratigraphic marker beds, are essential for identifying subtle unconformities in shelf mudstone successions. The accurate recognition of subtle unconformities in mudstone strata is critical to apply the sequence stratigraphic approach appropriately to distal shelf environments, as well as to better constrain the timing and cause (allogenic vs. autogenic) of relative changes of sea level recorded in these rocks.
Association between COVID-19 and Heavy Metal Pollution in Iraqi Cities Determined from Hierarchical Prediction
Authors: Raheem Aram Mohammed 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
This study assesses the relationship between coronavirus (COVID-19) and the spread of various heavy metal contaminants across Iraq. The study collects all confirmed, recovered, and death cases of the COVID-19 virus at its onset in Iraq until May 2, 2020, comparing Iraq with the top three infected countries in the world (the United States Spain, and Italy). In addition, numerous heavy metal contamination in different Iraqi cities have been summarized and associated with the allowable upper and lower worldwide standard limits. Furthermore, the study introduces a hierarchical predictive approach for the relationship between confirmed infected cases and deaths due to the COVID-19 virus and heavy metal contamination in various Iraqi cities. It is concluded that all the studied Iraqi cities have heavy metal contamination for different chemical elements exceeding the allowable standard limits. Extreme contents of copper, nickel, lead, and zinc are concentrated in Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Sulaimaniyah, Erbil, and Baghdad with limits of 160 µg/g, 240.9 µg/g, 378 µg/g, and 1,080 µg/g, respectively. Based on the hierarchical prediction approach, a linear positive relationship between both confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 with different heavy metal contamination was obtained with a maximum coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.97.
Reservoir Surveillance
Authors: Kikani Jitendra 
Published: July 2022

Generating economic producing opportunities in a new or an existing field is key to the success of an oil and gas company. These opportunities arise from a systematic assessment of key value drivers through relevant and appropriate measurements and by performing vigorous analysis that creates intelligence for the field.
Interwoven in this evident and simple construct is the understanding of reservoir surveillance technologies. This book will help the reader not only clearly understand the broad spectrum of issues to consider for surveillance but also provide tools, techniques, and templates to adapt to his or her specific needs. The theory behind some of the equipment as well as data analytics is illustrated with examples. It is essential reading for reservoir, production, operations engineers, and earth scientists. Theoretical background and concepts discussed will be valuable for the university student to gain fluency in this integrated subject.
Errata (http://go.spe.org/RSerrata)
Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Lake Larry , Johns Russell T. , Rossen William R. , Pope Gary A. 
Published: July 2022

A revision of the 1989 classic, Enhanced Oil Recovery by Larry Lake, this text, Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery, retains the original work's emphasis on fractional flow theory and phase behavior to explain enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. There is additional coverage on cutting edge (or current) topics, such as low-salinity EOR, steam-assisted gravity drainage, and expanded coverage on thermodynamics and foam EOR. With its frequent reinforcement of two fundamental EOR principles, lowering the mobility ratio and increasing the capillary number, it is an excellent resource for undergraduate classes.
Errata (http://go.spe.org/FEORerrata)
Integrating the student perspective: A framework for teaching competences in European higher education
Authors: Hempfling Mathias , Hüther-Pape Lisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite increasing interest in and demand for student-centred higher education in Europe, there is limited evidence on which competences teachers need in such a paradigm. In particular, the student perspective – while inherently crucial to student-centred higher education – has been largely neglected in the development of teaching competence frameworks. Addressing this gap, we systematically investigated students’ importance ratings of teaching competences. We developed the European Teaching Competence Student Survey (ETCSS) based on Gilis, Clement, Laga and Pauwels’s (2008) competence profile for student-centred higher education that was established with teachers. Using the ETCSS, we found that students across Europe (six countries, eight higher education institutions, N = 242) endorse the teaching competences previously identified with teachers. Based on a mixed-methods approach (exploratory factor analysis and qualitative analysis of open responses), we propose a student-centred framework for teaching competence in higher education comprising 41 indicators across six competence areas: (1) facilitate learning, promote deep knowledge and critical application, (2) continuous improvement in partnership with students, (3) contextualise learning sharing passion and expertise, (4) awareness and empathy, fostering diversity, inclusivity and non-discriminatory action, (5) proficient and purposeful media use and (6) integrity and professional behaviour. Finally, we discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings with respect to quality development in higher education.
Topological rough sets vs Kuratowski operator and its applications
Authors: El-Sharkasy M. M. , Atik Abd El Fattah El 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Some new types of closure operators that are generalization of a Kuratowski operator are defined throughout this paper. From these operators, we give new models of upper approximations, lower approximations and boundary regions that are basic notions in rough set theory. So, we investigate new concepts of rough sets, exact sets and some of their properties are studied. New forms of topological structures in terms of closure operators are established.2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 03E47, 03E75, 37B10, 54A05, 54A10, 97E60.
A novel ball screw driven rigid-flexible coupling stage with active disturbance rejection control to compensate for friction dead zone
Authors: Peng Hao , Wei Shengqiang , Huang Xiaohong , Li Ruiqi , Yang Zhijun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ball screw driven high-speed precision motion stage (the rigid stage for short) usually uses mechanical bearings to achieve high stiffness and fast response. However, the positioning precision of the rigid stage is limited by the friction dead zone due to the high stiffness design. This paper proposes a ball screw driven rigid-flexible coupling (RFC) stage to compensate for the friction dead zone by the flexure hinges. The frequency domain analysis shows that the friction is converted into elastic deformation of the flexure hinges. In addition, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is designed to cancel the flexure hinges vibration and maximize the RFC stage performance. Three comparative experiments aim to verify the effectiveness of the presented mechanical design and control scheme. First, the RFC stage with ADRC shows great consistency (both transient and steady-state) and positioning precision (±0.1 μm) in 5 repeated long stroke point-to-point motion experiments. And then, the RFC stage with ADRC can track the ladder-like step reference with fast transients and ±0.1 μm positioning precision. Finally, in the sinusoidal tracking experiment, the maximum and root mean square (RMS) tracking error of the RFC stage with ADRC are reduced by 88.85% and 43.32%, respectively, compared to the rigid stage with PID.
Non-optimal apparent temperature and cardiovascular mortality: the association in Puducherry, India between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Shrikhande Shreya S , Pedder Hugo , Röösli Martin , Dalvie Mohammad Aqiel , Lakshmanasamy Ravivarman , Gasparrini Antonio , Utzinger Jürg , Cissé Guéladio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, are sensitive to temperature. In light of the reported climate change trends, it is important to understand the burden of CVDs attributable to temperature, both hot and cold. The association between CVDs and temperature is region-specific, with relatively few studies focusing on low-and middle-income countries. This study investigates this association in Puducherry, a coastal district in the Eastern part India for the first time.Methods We analyzed the association between apparent temperature (Tapp) and in-hospital CVD mortalities in Puducherry between 2010 and 2020 using a distributed lag non-linear model to capture the delayed and non-linear trends over a 21-day lag period and identify the optimal temperature range for Puducherry. The results are expressed as the fraction of CVD mortalities attributable to heat and cold, defined as temperatures above or below the optimal temperature. We also performed stratified analyses to explore the associations between Tapp and age-and-sex combined and different types of CVDs.Results We found that the optimal temperature range for Puducherry is between 33⁰C and 35⁰C with respect to CVDs. Both cold and hot non-optimal Tapp were associated with an increased risk of overall in-hospital CVD mortalities, resulting in a U-shaped association curve. Cumulatively, up to 20% of the CVD deaths could be attributable to non-optimal temperatures, with a slightly higher burden attributable to cold (11.2%) than heat (9.1%). We also found that males above 60 years of age were more vulnerable to colder temperature; females above 60 years were more vulnerable to heat while females below 60 years were affected by both heat and cold. Mortality with cerebrovascular accidents was associated more with heat compared to cold, while ischemic heart diseases did not seem to be affected by temperature.Conclusion Both heat and cold contribute to the burden of CVDs attributable to non-optimal temperatures in the tropical Puducherry. Our study also identified the age-and-sex and CVD type differences in temperature attributable CVD mortalities. Further studies from India could identify regional associations, inform our understanding of the health implications of climate change in India and enhance the development of regional and contextual climate-health action-plans.
Investigating the role of fluid shear stress in bone metastasis: the proliferation of co-cultured hMSCs/MDAPCa2b cells under dynamic culturing.
Authors: Akerkouch Lahcen , Jasuja Haneesh , Katti Kalpana , Katti Dinesh , Le Trung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We investigated the potential correlation between the fluid shear stress and the proliferation of bone prostate cancer cells on the surface of nanoclay-based scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded on the scaffolds to initiate bone growth. After 23 days, prostate cancer cells (MDAPCa2b) were cultured on top of the osteogenically differentiated hMSCs. The scaffolds were separated into two groups subjected to two distinct conditions: (i) static (no flow); and (ii) dynamic (with flow) conditions to recapitulate bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Based on measured data, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models were constructed to determine the velocity and shear stress distributions on the scaffold surface. Our experimental results show distinct differences in the growth pattern of hMSCs and MDAPCa2b cells between the static and dynamic conditions. Our computational results further suggest that the dynamic flow leads to drastic change in cell morphology and tumorous distribution. Our work points to a strong correlation between tumor growth and local interstitial flows in bones.
Pampa plain (Argentina) wetland history through a lake case study: Kakel Huincul Environmental History during the last 600 years
Authors: Vuichard Guillermina Sánchez , TONELLO Marcela Sandra , Stutz Silvina , Navarro Diego , Vásquez Carolina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wetlands are considered key ecosystems because of the greatest number of ecosystem services they provide, but despite their important role these ecosystems are decreasing in size and losing quality. Kakel Huincul lake is located in one of the main wetlands of Argentina. A multi-indicator analysis, including pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and plant macrofossil remains was performed to reconstruct Kakel Huincul lake environmental history in order to understand Pampean wetlands responses to environmental changes and human impacts during the last 600 years. Results showed that changes in the lake communities before 1880 AD were a result of climatic perturbations (increase/decrease rainfall), and after 1880 AD they were a combination of climatic (increases and decreases of precipitation values) and anthropic forcings (cattle, intensive agriculture and urbanization). Baseline conditions were established at ca. 1870 AD and it was concluded that southeastern Pampa plain has been subjected to human activities (cattle farming and incorporation of agriculture) since then. Eutrophication of the lake occurred during the last 25 years, but this study made it possible to establish that the Pampa wetland has been modified for more than five decades ago.
Mechanical properties optimization and microstructure analysis of pure copper gradient laminates via rolling
Authors: Gao ZhiHui , Wang Tao , Zhao YunLai , Ding Hua , Huang QingXue 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Heterostructured (HS) material with extraordinary mechanical properties has been regarded as one of the most promising structural materials. In this paper, heterogeneous lamella structure (HLS) Cu laminates composed of surface elongated-grain layer and center equiaxed-grain layer were fabricated via rolling bonding and annealing. In order to study the interface effect on mechanical properties of gradient structured materials，both the laminate metal composite (LMC) and the non-composite laminate (NCL) were fabricated by cold-rolling pretreatment of the center layer (60% reduction) and cold-rolling bonding of the whole blank (67% reduction). Then by controlling the post-annealing regimes, the HLS was obtained and the microstructure of each layer was optimized, and a larger degree of microstructure heterogeneities such as grain size, misorientation angle and grain orientation were obtained, which resulted in obvious mechanical differences. Tensile tests of HLS, surface layer, center layer and NCL specimens reveal that the HLS annealed at 300°C/1h has a significantly higher strength than the center layer and a higher elongation than the surface layer. The HLS have a tensile strength and elongation at fracture of 278.08 MPa and 46.2%, respectively, which shows good balance of strength and plasticity. The main reason for the improved properties is the strengthening or strain hardening generated by the inhomogeneous deformation of the heterogeneous layers in the laminate and the mutual constraint acquired by the distinct layers with strong mechanical differences. The HLS has an interfacial bonding strength of 178.5 MPa, which plays a vital role in the coordinated deformation of heterogeneous layers. The method of obtaining gradients in homogeneous materials proposed in this study provides a new way of thinking and enriches the theoretical basis for the comprehensive performance improvement of traditional metallic materials.
Testing for terrestrial microalgae productivity under elevated CO2 conditions and nutrient limitation
Authors: Kryvenda Anastasiia , Tischner Rudolf , Steudel Bastian , Griehl Carola , Armon Robert , Friedl Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Microalgae CO2 fixation results in the production of biomass rich in high-valuable products, such as fatty acids and carotenoids. Enhanced productivity of valuable compounds can be achieved through the microalgae's ability to capture CO2 efficiently from sources of high CO2 contents but is dependent on the species. Although culture collections of microalgae provide a large variety of defined strains, inadequate understanding of which groups of microalgae and strains' origins from habitat offer high productivity under increased CO2 concentrations hampers exploiting microalgae as a sustainable source in the bioeconomy. Results: Growth under atmospheres of CO2 levels of 5 - 25 % in air was examined for 12 new microalgae isolates from adverse terrestrial environments and 69 strains from the culture collection of algae of Göttingen University (SAG), preselected from about 200 strains for their phylogenetic diversity and high productivity under ambient CO2. Green algae from terrestrial environments, including the new isolates, exhibited enhanced growth up to 25% CO2 atmosphere. In contrast, in unicellular red algae and stramenopile algae, which originated through the endosymbiotic uptake of a red algal cell, growth at CO2 concentrations above 5% was suppressed or ceased. While terrestrial stramenopile algae generally tolerated such CO2 concentrations, their counterparts from marine phytoplankton did not. The tests of four new terrestrial strains in submersed culture revealed enhanced biomass and chlorophyll production under elevated CO2 levels. The 15% CO2 aeration increased their total carotenoid and fatty acid contents, which were further stimulated when combined with starvation in macronutrients, i.e., less with phosphate and significantly more with nitrogen-depleted culture media. Conclusion: Isolates of green algae from terrestrial environments, Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, exhibit enhanced productivity of carotenoids and fatty acids under elevated CO2 concentrations. This ability supports the economic and sustainable production of valuable compounds of these microalgae using inexpensive sources of high CO2 concentrations such as industrial exhaust fumes.
Akkermansia muciniphila regulates food allergy in a diet-dependent manner
Authors: Parrish Amy , Boudaud Marie , Grant Erica , Willieme Stephanie , Neumann Mareike , Wolter Mathis , Craig Sophie , De Sciscio Alessandro , Cosma Antonio , Hunewald Oliver , Ollert Markus , Desai Mahesh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Alterations in the gut microbiome, including diet-driven changes, are linked to the rising prevalence of food allergy, yet little is known about how specific gut bacteria incite breakdown of oral tolerance. Here, we show that depriving specific-pathogen-free mice of dietary fiber leads to an increase of the mucolytic bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, which is associated with a surge in the colonic type 2 immune cells and IgE-coated commensals, and microbiota-mediated gut mucosal barrier dysfunction. These changes manifest into exacerbated sensitization to food allergens, ovalbumin and peanut. To demonstrate the causal role of A. muciniphila, we employed a tractable synthetic human gut microbiota in gnotobiotic mice. The presence of A. muciniphila within the microbiota, combined with fiber deprivation, resulted in stronger anti-commensal IgE coating and type 2 immune responses, which worsened symptoms of food allergy. Our study supports a mechanistic link between diet and a mucolytic gut microbe in regulating food allergy.