bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological, functional and social outcomes in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors over time: A systematic review of longitudinal studies
Authors: Bradford Natalie K. , McDonald Fiona E. J. , Bibby Helen , Kok Cindy , Patterson Pandora 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveMost adolescents and young adults (AYA) can expect to survive a cancer diagnosis and treatment, but all will be left with the potential of long‐term negative effects that can impact their ability to reach their full potential in life. Understanding aspects of psychological, functional, and social health and well‐being outcomes, is pivotal for optimising long‐term well‐being.MethodsWe completed a systematic review of longitudinal studies reporting outcomes after anti‐cancer treatment for Adolescents and Young Adults diagnosed between the age of 12–29 years according to established systematic review processes. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD 42020203116).ResultsThirteen reports from 10 studies met eligibility criteria representing 17,645 individuals (50.3% female, mean age at diagnosis 22 years, and 26 years at last, follow up). Eleven reports were from eight quantitative studies that relied on self‐report surveys and two were qualitative studies. Psychological outcomes were reported to improve over time, as were functional health outcomes, although reported health behaviours were inconsistent between studies. Neurocognitive deficits were reported to affect the ability to return to work and impacts on fertility and sexuality were sustained over time.ConclusionsWhile some outcomes for AYA are reported to improve over time, particularly for physical functioning, and anxiety and depression, the long‐term impact of cancer on many important domains remains largely unknown. Specifically, the evidence to understand what changes occur over time, and when, remains underdeveloped.
Propensity score matching and stratification using multiparty data without pooling
Authors: Wang Jixian , Marion‐Gallois Roland 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMatching and stratification based on confounding factors or propensity scores (PS) are powerful approaches for reducing confounding bias in indirect treatment comparisons. However, implementing these approaches requires pooled individual patient data (IPD). The research presented here was motivated by an indirect comparison between a single‐armed trial in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and two external AML registries with current treatments for a control. For confidentiality reasons, IPD cannot be pooled. Common approaches to adjusting confounding bias, such as PS matching or stratification, cannot be applied as 1) a model for PS, for example, a logistic model, cannot be fitted without pooling covariate data; 2) pooling response data may be necessary for some statistical inference (e.g., estimating the SE of mean difference of matched pairs) after PS matching. We propose a set of approaches that do not require pooling IPD, using a combination of methods including a linear discriminant for matching and stratification, and secure multiparty computation for estimation of within‐pair sample variance and for calculations involving multiple control sources. The approaches only need to share aggregated data offline, rather than real‐time secure data transfer, as required by typical secure multiparty computation for model fitting. For survival analysis, we propose an approach using restricted mean survival time. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate this approach in several scenarios, in particular, with a mixture of continuous and binary covariates. The results confirmed the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach. A real data example is also provided for illustration.
The use of the Cpm index to monitor processes
Authors: Costa Antonio Fernando Branco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Cpm index was originally created to measure the ability of the process to produce products meeting specifications but, more recently, the Cpm has also been used to control processes. In this new application, the charting points of the control chart are the estimated values of the Cpm index obtained with the mean and the variance of the samples. The performance of the Cpm chart is not affect by the values of the specification limits, but it is highly affected by d, the distance between the middle point of the specifications and the in‐control mean of the X distribution. Because of that, a search is conducted to find d that optimizes the overall performance of the Cpm chart in signaling the three usual types of changes in process parameters: isolated mean shifts, isolated variance increases, and the two together. Comparing the joint and S2 charts, the Cpk chart and the Cpm chart, the last one is always the most sensitive in detecting all three types of process changes, except when the variance remains unaltered and the mean increases/decreases a lot (one and half standard deviations); in this case, the joint and S2 charts are slightly faster than the Cpm chart.
Lipid extraction has tissue‐dependent effects on isotopic values (δ34S, δ13C, and δ15N) from different marine predators
Authors: Riverón Sabrina , Raoult Vincent , Slip David J. , Harcourt Robert G. 
Published: June 2022

RationaleThe use of sulfur isotopes to study trophic ecology in marine ecosystems has increased in the past decade. Unlike other commonly used isotopes (e.g., carbon), sulfur can better discriminate benthic and pelagic productivity. However, how lipid extraction affects sulfur isotopic values has not been assessed, despite its frequent use to remove lipid effects on δ13C values.MethodsWe used white muscle and liver samples from two species of sharks and skin samples from two species of pinnipeds (sea lion and fur seal) to assess the effects of lipid extraction on stable isotope values for δ34S, δ13C, and δ15N. Isotopic values were determined using a continuous flow‐isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyzer.ResultsLipid extraction significantly decreased δ34S values in shark tissues, more so for liver than muscle (−4.6 ± 0.9‰ vs −0.8 ± 0.3‰, average change), with nearly no change in their standard deviations. Lipid extraction did not affect δ34S values from pinniped skin samples (0.2 ± 0.8‰, average change). After lipid extraction, consistent increases in δ13C values (0.2‰–7.3‰) were detected as expected, especially in tissue with high lipid content (C:N >4). After lipid extraction, significant increases in δ15N values (0.5‰–1.4‰) were found in shark muscle and liver tissues. For pinniped skin samples, δ15N values were not significantly lower after lipid extraction (−0.4‰ to –0.1‰).ConclusionsLipid extraction did not have a strong impact on δ34S values of shark muscle and pinniped skin (≤1‰). However, our results suggest it is essential to consider the effects of lipid extraction when interpreting results from δ34S values of shark liver tissue, as they significantly depleted values relative to bulk tissue (~5‰). This may reflect selective removal of sulfolipids and glutathione present in higher concentrations in the liver than in muscle and skin and requires further investigation.
Quantification of the Activator and Sensitizer Ion Distributions in NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles Via Depth‐Profiling with Tender X‐Ray Photoemission
Authors: Clark Pip C. J. , Andresen Elina , Sear Michael J. , Favaro Marco , Girardi Leonardo , van de Krol Roel , Resch‐Genger Ute , Starr David E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe spatial distribution and concentration of lanthanide activator and sensitizer dopant ions are of key importance for the luminescence color and efficiency of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Quantifying dopant ion distributions and intermixing, and correlating them with synthesis methods require suitable analytical techniques. Here, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth‐profiling with tender X‐rays (2000–6000 eV), providing probe depths ideally matched to UCNP sizes, is used to measure the depth‐dependent concentration ratios of Er3+ to Yb3+, [Er3+]/[Yb3+], in three types of UCNPs prepared using different reagents and synthesis methods. This is combined with data simulations and inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) measurements of the lanthanide ion concentrations to construct models of the UCNPs’ dopant ion distributions. The UCNP sizes and architectures are chosen to demonstrate the potential of this approach. Core‐only UCNPs synthesized with XCl3·6H2O precursors (β‐phase) exhibit a homogeneous distribution of lanthanide ions, but a slightly surface‐enhanced [Er3+]/[Yb3+] is observed for UCNPs prepared with trifluroacetate precursors (α‐phase). Examination of Yb‐core@Er‐shell UCNPs reveals a co‐doped, intermixed region between the single‐doped core and shell. The impact of these different dopant ion distributions on the UCNP's optical properties is discussed to highlight their importance for UCNP functionality and the design of efficient UCNPs.
Dual In Situ Polymerization Strategy Endowing Rapid Ion Transfer Capability of Polymer Electrolyte toward Ni‐Rich‐Based Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Su , Sun Qifang , Ma Yue , Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Hongzhou , Shi Xixi , Song Dawei , Zhang Lianqi , Zhu Lingyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPoly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) is one of the most promising candidate electrolyte matrices for high energy batteries. However, the spherical skeleton structure obtained through the conventional method fails to build continuous Li ion transmission channels due to the slow volatilization of high boiling solvent, leading to inferior cycling performance, especially in a Ni‐rich system. Herein, a novel strategy is presented to enrich the Li ion transfer paths and improve the Li ion migration kinetics. The tactic is to prepare cross‐linked segments through the PVDF‐HFP matrix by adopting free radical polymerization and Li salt induced ring‐opening polymerization. Most significantly, the visualization of the structure of as‐prepared electrolyte is innovatively realized with the combination of polarization microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive spectroscopy, PVDF‐HFP, and cross‐linked network form interconnected microstructures. Therefore, poly(glycidyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile)@poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) electrolyte presents a high ionic conductivity (1.04 mS cm−1 at 30 °C) and a stable voltage profile for a Li/Li cell after 1200 h. After assembly with a LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode, a high discharge specific capacity of 190.3 mAh g−1 is delivered, and the capacity retention reaches 88.2% after 100 cycles. This work provides a promising method for designing high‐performance polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.
Recent Advances in Anode Electrocatalysts for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells – Part I – Fundamentals and Pd Based Catalysts
Authors: Safdar Hossain SK , Saleem Junaid , Mudassir Ahmad Alwi M. , Al‐Odail Faisal A. , Mozahar Hossain Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDirect formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) have gained immense importance as a source of clean energy for portable electronic devices. It outperforms other fuel cells in several key operational and safety parameters. However, slow kinetics of the formic acid oxidation at the anode remains the main obstacle in achieving a high power output in DFAFCs. Noble metal‐based electrocatalysts are effective, but are expensive and prone to CO poisoning. Recently, a substantial volume of research work have been dedicated to develop inexpensive, high activity and long lasting electrocatalysts. Herein, recent advances in the development of anode electrocatalysts for DFAFCs are presented focusing on understanding the relationship between activity and structure. This review covers the literature related to the electrocatalysts based on noble metals, non‐noble metals, metal‐oxides, synthesis route, support material, and fuel cell performance. The future prospects and bottlenecks in the field are also discussed at the end.
Cemetery Enchanted, Encore: Natural Burial in France and Beyond
Authors: Tschebann Saskya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the past three decades, a silent revolution in funerary practices and cemetery design known as the ‘natural burial movement’ has swept over various national contexts and created a transnational narrative that is embedded in local funerary cultures. Seeking out environmentally-friendly burial alternatives, new cemetery and commemoration concepts take into account the urban lack of space and changing family structures and combine these with a desire for autonomy from economically and ecologically costly burial practices. A salient feature of these new burial sites are their naturalistic design and enchanting appeal. Presenting ethnographic research at France’s first natural cemetery« Cimetière naturel de Souché », which opened in 2014, this chapter examines and reflects on the changes in material as well as immaterial funeral settings within a contemporary European context. The research reveals insights into a heterogenous set of values concerning human body disposal, nature and culture, gift giving and reciprocity, and purity and respect. The main objectives of the cemetery officials originally were geared towards the creation of a place as close to nature’s makeup as possible, a reduction of the ecological footprint of burials, and cost decrease. The most significant aspects for the bereaved and other visitors are, however, an appeal beyond economic and ecologic objectives. Spiritualities, therapeutic death contemplation, and continuous kin care point to an enduring enchantment: meditations veiled in a green hue.
The Cemetery and Ossuary at Sedlec near Kutná Hora: Reflections on the Agency of the Dead
Authors: Horák Jan , Weiss-Krejci Estella , Frolík Jan , Velímský Filip , Šmejda Ladislav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter exposes multiple contextual layers in the historical background of the famous Ossuary at Sedlec in the Czech Republic. The Cistercian monastery of Sedlec was founded in the twelfth century and its importance soon increased together with the expansion of silver mining in the nearby town of Kutná Hora. According to a later legendary narrative, soil brought from the Holy Land was scattered across the monastic cemetery, which made this place an attractive destination for the burial of countless corpses in the course of the following centuries. The enormous amount of human remains in individual as well as mass graves led to the establishment of the Ossuary, which was rearranged several times, most recently in the second half of the nineteenth century. A variety of folk tales tell of the miraculous deeds of the bones and their special powers. Being conveniently located in the buffer zone of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Kutná Hora, today crowds of tourists appreciate the macabre use of human skeletal elements in its decoration. A large-scale rescue excavation conducted recently around the Ossuary revealed an important archaeological archive that complements historical records.
From Saint to Anthropological Specimen: The Transformation of the Alleged Skeletal Remains of Saint Erik
Authors: Kjellström Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractErik Jedvardsson, king of Sweden, was slain in c. AD 1160 and has been venerated as a saint since the end of the twelfth century. It is clear from historical records and osteological studies that the bones, kept in a reliquary in Uppsala Cathedral, have received much attention over the centuries. Initially they served as intercessors with God and were reverently touched and divided for distribution to other institutions. After the Reformation the remains were kept in a reliquary and exclusively functioned as heirlooms embodying a legendary fallen king. In the Age of Enlightenment, the authenticity of the bones came under scrutiny. Eventually, they turned into subjects of scientific research and no less than three thorough anthropological investigations have been conducted since 1915. The transformation of Saint Erik’s body from a Christian relic to an anthropological specimen not only testifies to the strong agency of the remains but can be traced to several shifts in the ‘cultural paradigm’. Although the historical understanding of the medieval king has not changed significantly over time, these paradigm shifts have inevitably affected the narrative and how the bones have been handled.
Dissolving Subjects in Medieval Reliquaries and Twentieth-Century Mass Graves
Authors: Edlich-Muth Miriam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe remains of the dead can impinge upon public consciousness in different ways, ranging from the shock of ‘uncovering’ human remains in unexpected places to the social effects that can unfold around human remains that remain unseen but are known to be present. In 2009, following a lengthy legal battle, an official court decree ordered the excavation of private land located on the grounds of a former concentration camp in Jamlitz, Brandenburg. The decision was based on extensive evidence that this land was the site of a mass grave containing the remains of Hungarian, Polish, and German Jews who had been murdered during the Holocaust. The dispute, in which the burial rights of the as-yet-undiscovered human remains had come head to head with the rights and wishes of the landowner, became the focus of intense public debate. This cross-period paper compares the assumptions and values underlying this dispute with late medieval responses to encounters with the many relics and reliquaries that were circulating at the time. In doing so, it invites reflection on how individual self-perception and social identities can be shaped and threatened by engaging with human remains and the shifting and subjective contexts that inform their meaning.
Physical Wellbeing
Authors: Diaz Ariel , Hazell Philip 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegular physical exertion is protective against depression, promotes healthy sleep and may counteract the adverse metabolic effects of psychotropic agents. The Walker programme benefited for a time from the input of a sports psychologist, who provided tailored exercise programmes for most patients. The nursing team has continued to champion physical activity through use of an exercycle and rowing machine, ‘beep’ tests, group walks and games. Seizure disorders and Type 1 diabetes are the most common comorbid medical problems amongst the patient population, and usually require physician consultation. Metabolic health is monitored and managed per protocol when patients are prescribed second generation antipsychotics. Surgical problems arising from self-harm are common and include laceration, wound interference, ingestion of objects, and insertion of objects.
The Physical Environment
Authors: Ho Stephen , Hoare Steve 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany readers will have worked in facilities that were once state-of-the-art in design, but have become unfit for the purpose. Capacity to modify the physical environment of a psychiatric unit in response to changing clinical need or practice is essential. The Walker Unit differs from adolescent units at other locations because of its larger internal footprint and greater secure outdoor space. Substantive modifications to the Walker Unit over time have included requisitioning of space to create a learning centre, modification of some bedrooms to create a parent retreat, the establishment of a sensory room, and repurposing of the seclusion area to become a de-escalation suite. The chapter will describe the physical environment of the Walker Unit referenced to Australasian Health Facility Guidelines, and current best practice.
Postscript: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ho Stephen , Feijo Isabelle , Hazell Philip 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe risk posed to health facilities by COVID-19 is well recognised. From the first wave of infections in 2020, protective measures have been in place. In accordance with health district policy, staff and visitors were screened before entry to the Walker Unit. Along with the rest of the world, Walker staff became familiar with conducting meetings through online platforms such as Zoom. Compliance with ever changing infection control directives was a challenge, indeed a threat to the viability of the programme. There have been direct impacts on the operation of the Walker Unit, with travel and visiting severely restricted. The chapter will outline the adaptations made to the Walker programme through the pandemic.
Coupled fibromodulin and SOX2 signaling as a critical regulator of metastatic outgrowth in melanoma
Authors: Oria Victor O. , Zhang Hongyi , Zito Christopher R. , Rane Chetan K. , Ma Xian-Yong , Provance Olivia K. , Tran Thuy T. , Adeniran Adebowale , Kluger Yuval , Sznol Mario , Bosenberg Marcus W. , Kluger Harriet M. , Jilaveanu Lucia B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe aimed to study mechanisms controlling metastatic outgrowth of melanoma into clinically relevant lesions, a critical process responsible for the majority of melanoma deaths. To this end, we developed novel in vivo models and identified molecular events that can be ascribed to their distinct phenotypes, indolent or highly metastatic. Induction of a proliferative state at distant sites was associated with high levels of the stem-like/progenitor marker, SOX2, and required the upregulation of FMOD, an extracellular matrix component, which modulates tumor–stroma interactions. Functional studies revealed a possible link between FMOD and SOX2; dual FMOD and SOX2 silencing nearly abolished brain metastasis and had a similar effect on distant metastasis to other sites. Our in vitro data suggests that FMOD and SOX2 cooperation plays an important role in tumor vasculogenic mimicry. Furthermore, we found that FMOD and SOX2 functional roles might converge at the activation of transcriptional co-factors YAP and TAZ, possibly via crosstalk with the tumor suppressor Hippo pathway. Finally, high expression of both genes in patient specimens predicted early development of brain metastasis. Thus, our study identifies FMOD and SOX2 cooperation as a novel regulatory mechanism that might be linked functionally to melanoma metastatic competence.
Bidirectional regulation of synaptic SUMOylation by Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors
Authors: Pronot Marie , Poupon Gwénola , Pizzamiglio Lara , Prieto Marta , Chato-Astrain Isabel , Lacagne Iliona , Schorova Lenka , Folci Alessandra , Brau Frédéric , Martin Stéphane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSUMOylation is a post-translational modification essential to cell homeostasis. A tightly controlled equilibrium between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation processes is also critical to the neuronal function including neurotransmitter release and synaptic transmission and plasticity. Disruption of the SUMOylation homeostasis in neurons is associated with several neurological disorders. The balance between the SUMOylation and deSUMOylation of substrate proteins is maintained by a group of deSUMOylation enzymes called SENPs. We previously showed that the activation of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu5R) first triggers a rapid increase in synaptic SUMOylation and then upon the sustained activation of these receptors, the deSUMOylase activity of SENP1 allows the increased synaptic SUMOylation to get back to basal levels. Here, we combined the use of pharmacological tools with subcellular fractionation and live-cell imaging of individual hippocampal dendritic spines to demonstrate that the synaptic accumulation of the deSUMOylation enzyme SENP1 is bidirectionally controlled by the activation of type 1 mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors. Indeed, the pharmacological blockade of mGlu1R activation during type 1 mGluR stimulation leads to a faster and greater accumulation of SENP1 at synapses indicating that mGlu1R acts as a brake to the mGlu5R-dependent deSUMOylation process at the post-synapse. Altogether, our findings reveal that type 1 mGluRs work in opposition to dynamically tune the homeostasis of SUMOylation at the mammalian synapse.