bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulence and Waves in the Sub-Alfvénic Solar Wind Observed by the Parker Solar Probe during Encounter 10
Authors: Zhao L.-L. , Zank G. P. , Adhikari L. , Telloni D. , Stevens M. , Kasper J. C. , Bale S. D. , Raouafi N. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During its 10th orbit around the Sun, the Parker Solar Probe sampled two intervals where the local Alfvén speed exceeded the solar wind speed, lasting more than 10 hours in total. In this paper, we analyze the turbulence and wave properties during these periods. The turbulence is observed to be Alfvénic and unbalanced, dominated by outward-propagating modes. The power spectrum of the outward-propagating Elsässer z
+ mode steepens at high frequencies while that of the inward-propagating z
− mode flattens. The observed Elsässer spectra can be explained by the nearly incompressible (NI) MHD turbulence model with both 2D and Alfvénic components. The modeling results show that the z
+ spectra are dominated by the NI/slab component, and the 2D component mainly affects the z
− spectra at low frequencies. An MHD wave decomposition based on an isothermal closure suggests that outward-propagating Alfvén and fast magnetosonic wave modes are prevalent in the two sub-Alfvénic intervals, while the slow magnetosonic modes dominate the super-Alfvénic interval in between. The slow modes occur where the wavevector is nearly perpendicular to the local mean magnetic field, corresponding to nonpropagating pressure-balanced structures. The alternating forward and backward slow modes may also be features of magnetic reconnection in the near-Sun heliospheric current sheet.
On the Nature of the Photospheric Horizontal Magnetic Field Increase in Major Solar Flares
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Zhou Zhenjun , Wang Yuming , Sun Xudong , Wang Guoqiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The rapid increase of the horizontal magnetic field (B

h
) around the flaring polarity inversion line is the most prominent photospheric field change during flares. It is considered to be caused by the contraction of flare loops, the details behind which is still not fully understood. Here we investigate the B

h
increase in 35 major flares using HMI high-cadence vector magnetograms. We find that the B

h
increase is always accompanied by the increase of field inclination. It usually initiates near the flare ribbons, showing a step-like change in between the ribbons. In particular, its evolution in the early flare phase shows a close spatiotemporal correlation to flare ribbons. We further find that the B

h
increase tends to have similar intensity in confined and eruptive flares but a larger spatial extent in eruptive flares in a statistical sense. Its intensity and timescale have inverse and positive correlations to the initial ribbon separations, respectively. The results altogether are well consistent with a recent proposed scenario that suggests that the reconnection-driven contraction of flare loops enhances the photospheric B

h
according to the ideal induction equation, providing statistical evidence of the reconnection-driven origin for the B

h
increase for the first time.
Heliocentric Effects of the DART Mission on the (65803) Didymos Binary Asteroid System
Authors: Makadia Rahil , Raducan Sabina D. , Fahnestock Eugene G. , Eggl Siegfried 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Double Asteroid Redirect Test (DART) is NASA’s first kinetic impact–based asteroid deflection mission. The DART spacecraft will act as a projectile during a hypervelocity impact on Dimorphos, the secondary asteroid in the (65803) Didymos binary system, and alter its mutual orbital period. The initial momentum transfer between the DART spacecraft and Dimorphos is enhanced by the ejecta flung off the surface of Dimorphos. This exchange is characterized within the system by the momentum enhancement parameter, β, and on a heliocentric level by its counterpart, β
⊙. The relationship between β and the physical characteristics of Dimorphos is discussed here. A nominal set of Dimorphos physical parameters from the design reference asteroid and impact circumstances from the design reference mission are used to initialize the ejecta particles for dynamical propagation. The results of this propagation are translated into a gradual momentum transfer onto the Didymos system barycenter. A high-quality solar system propagator is then used to produce precise estimates of the post-DART encounters between Didymos and Earth by generating updated close approach maps. Results show that even for an unexpectedly high β
⊙, a collision between the Didymos system and Earth is practically excluded in the foreseeable future. A small but significant difference is found in modeling the overall momentum transfer when individual ejecta particles escape the Didymos system, as opposed to imparting the ejecta momentum as a single impulse at impact. This difference has implications for future asteroid deflection campaigns, especially when it is necessary to steer asteroids away from gravitational keyholes.
Relationship of Bactericidal Permeability Increasing Protein (BPI) Polymorphysm rs1341023, rs5743507, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) rs361525, rs1800629 with Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Afdal Afdal , Jamsari Jamsari , Yanwirasti Yanwirasti , Rukmono Prambudi 
Published: August 2022

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a problem in the field of child health because the incidence is increasing every year and often ends in death. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TNF-α and BPI gene polymorphisms with neonatal sepsis.
Methods: PCR and sequencing examinations were performed on 60 DNA samples consisting of 30 samples of neonatal sepsis and 30 samples of non-neoptic sepsis. Furthermore, data in the form of DNA mutation tables were statistically processed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. It is considered meaningful if p<0.05.
Result: The results showed that BPI rs1341023, rs5743507 and TNF-α rs361525, rs1800629 only BPI rs1341023 and TNF-α rs1800629 were mutated. Of the two genes, only TNF-α rs1800629 had a significant association with neonatal sepsis (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study proved that the TNF-α rs1800629 mutation was the most important polymorphism in the occurrence of neonatal sepsis (p<0.05).
Keywords: BPI, TNF-α, Neonatal, Polymorphism, Sepsis
Acute and long-term management of severe bronchiectasis with high flow nasal therapy: A case report
Authors: Impellizzeri Pietro , Nolasco Santi , Campisi Raffaele , Cipolla Antonino , Borgese Alba , Alia Stefano , Crimi Nunzio , Crimi Claudia 
Published: August 2022

Bronchiectasis (BE) is a long-term, chronic lung condition featured by widened and scarred airways. These can alter the physiological mucociliary clearance, making it difficult to clear mucus and microorganisms, leading to frequent exacerbations. High flow nasal therapy (HFNT) is a noninvasive respiratory support that delivers heated and humidified gas eventually enriched with oxygen, through a nasal cannula. Humidification is crucial for adequate airways mucociliary clearance, improving ciliary function and consequently reducing airways inflammation and recurrent infections. HFNT has been mostly used in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and in selected patients with chronic respiratory failure due to COPD. Still, evidence about its use in acute and long-term home setting in patients with clinically relevant BE are lacking. We report a case of severe widespread BE, already on top medical therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation, still suffering from difficult mucus expectoration and recurrent exacerbations, who has been additionally treated with HFNT, both in hospital and domiciliary, reporting significant improvements on relevant clinical and patient-centered outcomes. Thus, HFNT may confer additional benefits as an add-on treatment of patients with severe BE and respiratory failure.
Audiologists’ presbycusis and associated tinnitus counselling practices within the KwaZulu-Natal province
Authors: Bhojraj Kerusha , Peter Vuyelwa Z. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Counselling plays an integral part in the management of presbycusis and tinnitus. Counselling can be conducted by implementing patient-centred care (PCC), showing improved patient outcomes; however, it has been poorly implemented in healthcare in South Africa (SA), particularly in the field of audiology for this condition.Objectives: This study aimed to report on audiologists’ presbycusis and tinnitus counselling practices as guided by the PCC framework within KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).Method: Quantitative semi-structured online surveys were conducted using purposive sampling of 41 audiologists practising in both the public and private sectors within KZN.Results: This study revealed that 7.3% (n = 3) of participants provided only compensation for hearing loss without counselling, and only 2.4% (n = 1) of participants offered group counselling. Apart from this, 7.9% (n = 3) reported that tools and resources in counselling were not useful, whilst 12.5% (n = 5) reported that counselling was not multiculturally sensitive. Furthermore, a p = 0.044 suggests the public sector reported a dire need for improved training in counselling as compared with the private sector.Conclusion: Audiologists have been providing services within PCC to the best of their capabilities and their environments; however, there is still room to better implement PCC for improved patient outcomes. PCC has not been fully implemented into counselling practices in terms of patient preferences, emotional support, involvement of significant others, integrated care and education.
Simulations as a mode of clinical training in healthcare professions: A scoping review to guide planning in speech-language pathology and audiology during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Nagdee Nabeelah , Sebothoma Ben , Madahana Milka , Khoza-Shangase Katijah , Moroe Nomfundo 
Published: August 2022

Background: Simulation plays an important role as an alternative method for training of students, particularly in health education. As a result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions of face-to-face interactions, traditional teaching methods have been disrupted, increasing the need for alternative methods to supplement modes of student clinical training in healthcare programmes.Objectives: The scoping review aimed to determine what has been documented about simulation as a mode of clinical training in healthcare professions (HCPs) in order to guide speech-language pathology and audiology (SLPA) professions during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.Method: A scoping review was conducted. Electronic bibliographic databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus MEDLINE, ProQuest, Google Scholar and WorldCat were searched to identify peer reviewed publications, published in English, between January 2011 and December 2021, and related to the use of simulation in HCPs clinical training programmes.Results: A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. Three themes emerged when reviewing the studies: (1) face-to-face simulations as a mode of clinical training, (2) virtual reality simulation and telesimulation as modes of clinical training and (3) simulation as a complementary mode of clinical training. Evidence suggests that whilst simulations are cost-effective, accessible and efficacious as clinical training modes, they need to be combined with other modes of training such as the traditional clinical training to yield better learning outcomes.Conclusions: Current findings highlight the role and value of simulation as a clinical training mode during COVID-19 and beyond. However, there are aspects that need to be considered to ensure that this mode of clinical training is effective, with endorsement and regulations by the SLPA Professional Board of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Simulations need to be complemented with traditional clinical training methods. In the context of SLPA, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), simulation can be used to better prepare students for their clinical placement where clinical training platforms are limited and where simulation combined with teletraining or telesupervision can be utilised to increase access to training.
Challenges to infection control in early communication intervention: A scoping review
Authors: Achmat Bilqees , Gerber Berna 
Published: August 2022

Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are crucial to preventing the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study used a scoping review to investigate the challenges that exist when speech–language therapists (SLTs) use IPC measures for providing early communication intervention (ECI).Objectives: To describe existing, recent literature on PPE and IPC measures used in early intervention through a scoping review (steps 1–5) and to consult local clinicians to investigate how SLTs who provide ECI in South Africa relate to these findings (step 6 of the scoping review).Method: A scoping review was performed which followed the PRISMA-ScR framework. Because of limited literature on PPE and IPC measures used by SLTs in providing ECI, the inclusion criteria were adjusted to include PPE and IPC measures used by healthcare workers (HCWs) who provide early intervention to the population of infants and toddlers up to 3 years old. At the time of the review, articles were not older than 10 years and were published between 2011 and 2020. The scoping review included a consultation with South African SLTs who provide ECI, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pilot study was conducted prior to the consultations. Seventeen clinicians were included in total. Data from both the pilot study and main consultation were transcribed and analysed in the results using thematic analysis.Results: Fourteen articles were included in the study. The scoping review of existing literature identified challenges to implementing IPC measures, namely the care and behaviour of young children, infrastructure and system challenges, poor compliance and lack of training and a lack of standard IPC protocols. Clinicians in the consultation phase confirmed these challenges and reported that IPC measures did not consider ECI populations nor the settings in which services were provided. Suggestions from the literature for improved infection control included hand hygiene, improved supplies and infrastructure and education and training. Clinicians in the consultation added practical suggestions for implementing IPC measures within ECI, which included an increase in parent-led intervention as well as cleaning and disinfection strategies.Conclusion: This study identified challenges and recommendations of SLTs who use PPE and IPC measures whilst providing ECI. Understanding these challenges can benefit ECI services and future research efforts focused on improving ECI services whilst maintaining IPC standards.
The effects of COVID-19 on the rehabilitation of persons with aphasia: A scoping review
Authors: Masuku Khetsiwe P. , Khumalo Gift , Shabangu Nontokozo 
Published: August 2022

Background: The impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was more pronounced on the well-being of persons with disabilities, especially in low- and middle-income countries. There is documented evidence of the rippling effects of COVID-19 on persons with disabilities. However, not much is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the rehabilitation of persons with aphasia.Objective: The scoping review explores how COVID-19 affected the rehabilitation of persons living with aphasia.Method: A scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. A search was conducted on Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar, to identify relevant studies published between 2019 and 2022. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Most studies regarding the effects of COVID-19 on persons living with aphasia were conducted in the United Kingdom. Five themes emerged from the data, namely, (1) negative impact on rehabilitative care, (2) telehealth and its limitations, (3) impact on social participation, (4) compromised caregiver involvement and (5) mental health challenges.Conclusions: Findings highlight the need for healthcare professionals to pursue innovative ways in which aphasia rehabilitation and conversational support programmes can be made accessible to persons with aphasia, despite the limitations brought about by a pandemic. Telerehabilitation programmes need to be tailored to the needs of persons with aphasia if they are to be successful. This study highlights the importance and need for the prioritisation of mental health services for persons with aphasia and their caregivers during a pandemic.
The Presbyterian Church of South Africa: The early years, 1897–1923, and future prospects
Authors: Duncan Graham A. 
Published: August 2022

The formation of the Presbyterian Church of South Africa (PCSA) in 1897 was an acknowledgement of the principle of not doing separately what can be done together. The implementation of this principle was essential to the continued existence of Presbyterianism as opposed to the prevalent independency and the development of a specific brand of South African Presbyterianism. This paper describes and analyses the processes involved in the development of the PCSA during the years 1897–1923, a time of rapid change in church and society, drawing mainly on primary sources. This is the first attempt to investigate the early development of the PCSA.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The challenge of this article is to investigate the specific circumstances in which a new church denomination came into being and developed its distinctive form of polity in a context of existing and growing racism and to discern the issues that militated against the formation of a multiracial or nonracial church. This has implications not only for the history of Christianity in Africa but also missiology and ecumenical studies.
Desafios e possibilidades na reorientação do processo de trabalho dos terapeutas ocupacionais nos núcleos ampliados de saúde da família e atenção básica em meio à pandemia da covid-19 / Challenges and possibilities in the reorientation of the work process of occupational therapists in the extended family health centers and basic care in the middle of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Monteiro Claudia Oliveira , Silva Aline Santos de Oliveira , De Lima Andréia Carolina Santos , De Oliveira Eliziane Freitas , E Silva Filho Luciano Belas 
Published: August 2022

Contextualização: O trabalho dos profissionais dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB), durante a pandemia da Covid-19, objetiva reformular as práticas e garantir o cuidado à população. Processo de intervenção: Os terapeutas ocupacionais neste cenário necessitaram realinhar seus modos de produzir saúde. Análise crítica da prática: No município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE, as estratégias de reformulação da atuação se deram por meio remoto e presencial, utilizando-se desde teleatendimentos, redes sociais e divulgação de vídeos à realização de reuniões on-line com equipe das unidades de saúde. Síntese das considerações: Foi necessário se apropriar do evento, refletir, adaptar, para propor estratégias de continuidade do cuidado em saúde.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Atenção básica. Covid-19. Equipe multiprofissional. AbstractContextualization: The work of professionals from the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Centers, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, aims to reformulate practices and ensure care for the population. Intervention process: Occupational therapists in this scenario needed to realign their ways of producing health. Practice analysis: In the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE, the strategies for reformulating the performance took place remotely and in person, using call centers, social networks and the dissemination of videos to online meetings with staff from the health units. Summary of considerations: It was necessary to appropriate the event, reflect, adapt, in order to provide continuity of health care.Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Basic care. Covid-19. Multiprofessional team. ResumenContextualización: La labor de los profesionales de los Centros de Salud de la Familia Extendida y Atención Primaria (Nasf-AB), en el contexto de la pandemia Covid-19, tiene como objetivo reformular las prácticas y asegurar la atención a la población. Proceso de intervención: Los terapeutas ocupacionales en este escenario necesitaban realinear sus formas de producir salud. Análisis crítico de la práctica: En el municipio de Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE, las estrategias para reformular la actuación se llevaron a cabo de forma remota y presencial, utilizando call center, redes sociales y la difusión de videos a reuniones en línea con el personal de las unidades de salud. Resumen de consideraciones: Era necesario apropiarse del evento, reflexionar, adaptarse, para dar continuidad a la atención de salud.Palabras clave: Terapia Ocupacional. Cuidados básicos. COVID-19. Equipo multiprofesional.
O brincar em tempos de pandemia da covid-19: reflexões sob a perspectiva da terapia ocupacional/ Playing in Covid-19 pandemic times: reflections from the occupational therapy perspective
Authors: Pfeifer Luzia Iara , Sant'Anna Maria Madalena Moraes 
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: refletir sobre as ações da terapia ocupacional sustentadas nas ocupações e na construção de vivências lúdicas que garantam o desenvolvimento das habilidades de acordo com as competências reais de cada criança e das necessidades de cada família. Síntese: A COVID-19 tem causado um forte impacto nas ocupações humanas, portanto, o brincar deve ser revisto na perspectiva do contexto domiciliar, onde rotinas e hábitos foram alterados, influenciando diretamente nos espaços e disponibilidades para momentos lúdicos acontecerem no dia a dia das crianças. Conclusão: rotinas e hábitos instáveis das crianças, devido à pandemia da COVID-19, podem desencadear a diminuição de momentos lúdicos.Palavras-chave: Pré-escolar. Atividades cotidianas. Isolamento social. Abstract Aims: to reflect on the actions of occupational therapy sustained in occupations and the construction of playful experiences that guarantee the development of skills according to each child's real skills and the needs of each family. Synthesis: The COVID-19 has had a substantial impact on human occupations, so should review playing from the home context perspective, where routines and habits have been changed, because it depends on the characteristics, pattern and performance skills of each child. Conclusion: children's unstable routines and habits due to the pandemic of COVID-19 can reduce playful moments.Keywords: Preschool. Activities of daily living. Activities. Social isolation. Resumen Objetivo: reflexionar sobre acciones de terapia ocupacional basadas en ocupaciones y la construcción de experiencias lúdicas que garanticen el desarrollo de habilidades de acuerdo a las habilidades reales de cada niño y familia. Sínteses: COVID-19 ha tenido fuerte impacto en las ocupaciones humanas, asi el juego debe revisarse desde la perspectiva del contexto familiar, donde se han cambiados rutinas y hábitos, ya que depende de las características, patrón y habilidades de desempeño de cada niño. Conclusión: las rutinas y hábitos inestables de los niños, debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, pueden desencadenar la reducción de los momentos lúdicos.Palabras clave: Preescolar. Actividades cotidianas. Aislamiento social.