bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information practices of administrators for controlling information in an online community of new mothers in rural America
Authors: Potnis Devendra , Halladay Macy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRarely does any empirical investigation show how administrators routinely control information in online communities and alleviate misinformation, hate speech, and information overload supported by profit‐driven algorithms. Thematic analysis of in‐depth phone interviews with members and administrators of a “Vaginal Birth After Cesarean” (VBAC) group with over 500 new mothers on Facebook shows that the administrators make 19 choices for recurring, authoritative but evolving 19 information‐related activities when (a) forming the VBAC group over Facebook for local new mothers, (b) actively recruiting women who had a VBAC or have related competencies, (c) removing doctors and solicitors from the group, (d) setting up and revising guidelines for interactions in the group, (e) maintaining the focus of the group, (f) initiating distinct threads of conversations on the group, (g) tagging experts during conversations in the group, and (h) correcting misinformation. Thirty‐eight information practices of the administrators indicate their nine gatekeeping roles, seven of these roles help administrators alleviate misinformation, hate speech, and information overload. Findings also show that the management of members and their interactions is a prerequisite to controlling information in online communities. Prescriptions to social networking companies and guidelines for administrators of online communities are discussed at the end.
Chromium Oxide‐modified Mesoporous Zirconium Dioxide: Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Lu Ni , Fu Yuanyi , Lu Chang , Guan Meili , Wang Kunhua , Yu Hao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA highly efficient carbohydrate conversion to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) is a promising method to achieve green and sustainable development. However, most currently reported strategies are energy consuming, and the 5‐HMF yield is relatively lower in the aqueous phase. Herein, a facile method is reported to obtain effective Cr/ZrO2catalysts with high acidity and their catalytic performances were investigated for catalyzing fructose to 5‐HMF at different temperatures and times. With the catalysis of 15 % Cr/ZrO2catalyst, the highest fructose conversion of 98 %, 5‐HMF yield of 48.8 %, and 5‐HMF selectivity of 49.8 % are achieved in green solvent with good recyclability. The possible reaction process of the improved catalysis performance is attributed to the highly crystalline and strong acidity of the Cr/ZrO2catalyst. The Lewis acid sites could increase the overall rate of fructose conversion by promoting side reactions and might suppress fructose to glucose isomerization. In addition, Cr leakage during the reaction might act as the Bronsted acids to catalyze the fructose dehydration to 5‐HMF. The reported method of introducing chromium oxides into ZrO2catalyst will open a new avenue to promote the practical application of biomass and sustainable development in the future.
A Novel EDOT/F Co‐doped PMIA Nanofiber Membrane as Separator for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Xiang Hengying , Liu Xia , Deng Nanping , Cheng Bowen , Kang Weimin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel fluorine‐containing emulsion and 3, 4‐ethylene dioxyethiophene (EDOT) co‐doped poly‐m‐phenyleneisophthalamide (PMIA) nanofiber membrane (EDOT/F‐PMIA), as the separator of lithium‐sulfur battery, was tactfully prepared via electrospinning. The multi‐scale EDOT/F‐PMIA nanofiber membrane can be served as the matrix to fabricate gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). Furthermore, under the influence of fluorine‐containing emulsion and EDOT, the PMIA‐based GPE possessed excellent thermostability, eminent mechanical property and well‐distributed lithium‐ions flux. Especially, the pore size of the nanofiber membrane decreased after adding the fluorine‐containing emulsion and EDOT. And the element S and O in EDOT with lone pair electrons were capable of binding with the lithium polysulfides, which was conducive to inhibiting the “shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfides by combining the physical confinement and chemical binding. Therefore, the lithium‐sulfur battery assembled with the EDOT/F‐PMIA separator exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, which delivered a high initial capacity of 851.9 mAh g−1 and maintained a discharge capacity of 641.1 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 75.2% at 0.5 C.
Spheroid culture for chondrocytes triggers the initial stage of endochondral ossification
Authors: Kim Jeonghyun , Tomida Kosei , Matsumoto Takeo , Adachi Taiji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEndochondral ossification is the process of bone formation derived from growing cartilage duringskeletal development. In previous studies, we provoked the osteocyte differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells under a three‐dimensional (3D) culture model. To recapitulate the endochondral ossification, the present study utilized the self‐organized scaffold‐free spheroid model reconstructed by pre‐chondrocyte cells. Within 2‐day cultivation in the absence of the chemically induced chondrogenesis supplements, the chondrocyte marker was greatly expressed in the inner region of the spheroid, whereas the hypertrophic chondrocyte marker was strongly detected in the surface region of the spheroid. Notably, we found out that the gene expression levels of osteocyte markers were also greatly upregulated compared to the conventional 2D monolayer. Moreover, after long‐term cultivation for 28 days, it induced morphological changes in the spheroid, such as cellular hypertrophy and death. In this study, in order to recapitulate the initial stage of the endochondral ossification, we highlighted the potentials of the 3D culture method to drive the hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation of the pre‐chondrocyte cells.
Comparing the associations between host and tumor factors with survival outcomes with anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Koczka Kim , Rigo Rodrigo , Batuyong Eugene , Cook Sara , Asad Mohammad , Vallerand Isabelle , Suo Aleksi , Wang Edwin , Cheng Tina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) immunotherapy has drastically improved survival for metastatic melanoma; however, 50% of patients have progression within 6 months despite treatment. In this study, we investigated host, and tumor factors for metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy.MethodsPatients treated with the anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy between 2014 and 2017 were identified in Alberta, Canada. All patients had Stage IV melanoma. Patient characteristics, investigations, treatment, and clinical outcomes were obtained from electronic medical records.ResultsWe identified 174 patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy. At 37.1 months median follow‐up time 135 (77.6%) individuals had died and 150 (86.2%) had progressed. An elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) had a response rate of 21.0% versus 41.0% for those with a normal LDH (p = 0.017). Host factors associated with worse median progression‐free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) included liver metastases, >3 sites of disease, elevated LDH, thrombocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, lymphocytopenia, and an elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Primary ulcerated tumors had a worse mOS of 11.8 versus 19.3 months (p = 0.042). We identified four prognostic subgroups in advanced melanoma patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy. (1) Normal LDH with <3 visceral sites, (2) normal LDH with ≥3 visceral sites, (3) LDH 1‐2x upper limit of normal (ULN), (4) LDH ≥2x ULN. The mPFS each group was 14.0, 6.5, 3.3, and 1.9 months, while the mOS for each group was 33.3, 15.7, 7.9, and 3.4 months.ConclusionOur study reports that host factors measuring the general immune function, markers of systemic inflammation, and tumor burden and location are the most prognostic for survival.
Clinical evaluation of urine laminin‐γ2 monomer as a potent biomarker for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Karashima Takashi , Umemoto Susumu , Kishida Takeshi , Osaka Kimito , Nakagawa Masatoshi , Yoshida Eisaku , Yoshimura Toru , Sakaguchi Masahiko , Nishimoto Hiroyuki , Tai Mami , Inoue Keiji , Seiki Motoharu , Koshikawa Naohiko , Shuin Taro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate whether urine laminin‐γ2 monomer (Ln‐γ2m) offers a useful biomarker for patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).MethodsParticipants comprised 297 patients, including 111 patients with NMIBC, 136 patients with benign genitourinary disease (BD) and 50 healthy donors (HD). Urine Ln‐γ2m was prospectively measured and accuracy was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined and area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated for urine Ln‐γ2m, and compared to those of traditional urine tumor markers such as nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), bladder tumor antigen (BTA) and cytology. The net benefits of combining urine markers were analyzed by decision curve analysis.ResultsMean urine Ln‐γ2m was significantly higher in NMIBC than in BD or HD. The AUC for urine Ln‐γ2m was significantly higher than those for urine NMP22, BTA or cytology when comparing NMIBC with HD. In patients with low‐grade NMIBC, the AUC for urine Ln‐γ2m was higher than the AUCs for NMP22, BTA or cytology. A net benefit of combined examination using urine Ln‐γ2m/uCRN with NMP22 was demonstrated.ConclusionThese results suggest urine Ln‐γ2m as a potentially useful biomarker for NMIBC, particularly in cases of low‐grade cancer.
Involucrasin C, Anti‐Inflammatory 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐Indene Derivative from Chinese Dai Ethnic Medicine Shuteria involucrata
Authors: Li Xiao‐Hong , Huang Feng , Zhang Bin‐Ruo , Tan Wen‐Hong , Khan Afsar , Zhi‐Hong Zhou , Liu Lu , Yang Zhu‐Ya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract(±)‐Involucrasin C (1), a pair of new 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene enantiomers, along with an enantiomeric analog (2), were isolated from Shuteria involucrata. Their structures were established by the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and X‐ray crystallographic diffraction. Both 1 and 2 significantly inhibited the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β, suggesting that these two natural 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene derivatives may be active components of S. involucrata and may block inflammation in the initial stage.
Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of the Root Bark of Morus alba L. Based on High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprinting and Chemometric Analyses
Authors: Zhao Xiaoran , Qiu Ziying , Ma Zicheng , Liu Yanan , Ren Xiaoliang , Yu Xiaohua , Sun Lili , Wang Meng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe quality of the root bark of Morus alba L. (SBP) herbs currently circulating in the market is variable. In order to ensure clinical effectiveness, a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting method combined with chemical pattern recognition should be established to control the quality of SBP herbs. The differences of 23 batches of SBP were analyzed by exploratory cluster analysis based on shared fingerprint peak data, and the results indicated that the processing method to remove the cork layer from SBP materials is an important influencing factor on SBP quality. Principal component analysis indicated that SBP samples with the cork layer removed can be clearly distinguished from samples without cork layer removal. The potential chemical markers (kuwanon G, morusin and oxyresveratrol) were screened by partial least squares discriminant analysis. Finally, the contents of the main components were determined, indicating that the processing method of SBP materials can affect content of bioactive ingredients and that cork layer removal leads to a more uniform chemometric profile. The HPLC‐based chemometrics approach described here will support the development of quality standards in SBP products.
Elucidating the Sectioning Fragmentation Mechanism in Silica‐Supported Olefin Polymerization Catalysts with Laboratory‐Based X‐Ray and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Werny Maximilian J. , Müller Dominik , Hendriksen Coen , Chan Robert , Friederichs Nicolaas H. , Fella Christian , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStrict morphological control over growing polymer particles is an indispensable requirement in many catalytic olefin polymerization processes. In catalysts with mechanically stronger supports, e. g., polymerization‐grade silicas, the emergence of extensive cracks via the sectioning fragmentation mechanism requires severe stress build‐up in the polymerizing catalyst particle. Here, we report on three factors that influence the degree of sectioning in silica‐supported olefin polymerization catalysts. Laboratory‐based X‐ray nano‐computed tomography (nanoCT) and focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) were employed to study catalyst particle morphology and crack propagation in two showcase catalyst systems, i.e., a zirconocene‐based catalyst (i.e., Zr/MAO/SiO2, with Zr=2,2’‐biphenylene‐bis‐2‐indenyl zirconium dichloride and MAO=methylaluminoxane) and a Ziegler‐Natta catalyst (i.e., TiCl4/MgCl2/SiO2), during slurry‐phase ethylene polymerization. The absence of extensive macropores in some of the catalysts’ larger constituent silica granulates, a sufficient accessibility of the catalyst particle interior at reaction onset, and a high initial polymerization rate were found to favor the occurrence of the sectioning pathway at different length scales. While sectioning is beneficial for reducing diffusion limitations, its appearance in mechanically stronger catalyst supports can indicate a suboptimal support structure or unfavourable reaction conditions.
Highly N‐doped carbon with low graphitic‐N content as anode material for enhanced initial Coulombic efficiency of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Tang Yihua , Chen Jingjing , Mao Zhiyong , Roth Christina , Wang Dajian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractN‐doped carbons as one of the most prominent anode materials to replace standard graphite exhibit outstanding Li+ storage performance. However, N‐doped carbon anodes still suffer from low N‐doping levels and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). In this study, high N‐doped and low graphitic‐N carbons (LGNCs) with enhanced ICE were synthesized by taking advantage of a denitrification strategy for graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). In brief, more than 14.5 at% of N from g‐C3N4 (55.1 at% N) was retained by reacting graphitic‐N with lithium, which was subsequently removed. As graphitic‐N is largely responsible for the irreversible capacity, the anode's performance was significantly increased. Compared to general N‐doped carbons with high graphitic‐N proportion (>50%) and low N content (<15 at%), LGNCs delivered a low proportion of 10.8%–17.2% within the high N‐doping content of 14.5–42.7 at%, leading to an enhanced specific capacity of 1499.9 mAh g−1 at an ICE of 93.7% for the optimal sample of LGNC (4:1). This study provides a facile strategy to control the N content and speciation, achieving both high Li+ storage capacity and high ICE, and thus promoting research and application of N‐doped carbon materials.
FogiRecruiter: A fog‐enabled selection mechanism of crowdsourcing for disaster management
Authors: Samanta Riya , Ghosh Soumya K. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn the Internet of Things framework, crowdsourcing (CS) has played a significant role. A sufficient number of participants carrying sensors or IoT devices are necessary to obtain maximum coverage within a given budget for CS a task. Cloud computing is used for centralized processing, storage, and large‐scale data analysis. The delay associated with transferring data to cloud servers creates a time‐consuming decision‐making process. Fog computing is responsible for this capability. As a result, FogiRecruiter, a novel framework, is offered to efficiently choose participants for data collection from the vital environment while staying within a budget. We also utilize fuzzy logic to pick the best fog nodes for relaying data to them and then to faraway cloud servers. Realizing emergency communication, despite the fact that a direct connection to the cloud is inconvenient. Simulations and prototype testing are used to show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Towards publishing directed social network data with k‐degree anonymization
Authors: Hong Lin Sin , Xiao Ruliang 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAnonymization is a practical solution for preserving user's identity privacy before data publishing. There are various anonymity techniques can be applied to maintain data utility of micro‐data and social networks, however these methods lead to a high runtime or low anonymous graph utility. In this article, an efficient, utility‐preserving approach has been proposed to reduce anonymization runtime as well as the amount of information loss incurred by graph anonymization. We craft our anonymization algorithm by combining greedy partition‐based aggregating with multi‐dimensional sorting as main heuristic tools. The proposed algorithm generates a partial order of the vertices so that the vertex at top rank and another vertex at bottom rank can never be aggregated in the same group, the runtime is reduced. Greedy partition‐based aggregating is employed to create ‐anonymous clusters which minimizing information loss. Experimental results on real‐world datasets show the proposed method has good performance and is superior to the existing methods.
Research on the application of artificial intelligence in computer network technology in the era of big data
Authors: Xu Zhenyu 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn order to improve the security and reliability of computer network, especially the three aspects of fault network diagnosis overall model, computer network link fault detection and computer network congestion prediction, we propose a fuzzy neural network identification and prediction model. In addition, we use rough artificial neural network (RANN) network link mixture to manage all subnets in the network for unified remote allocation network, so as to improve the quality and robustness of the network. The results show that the RANN learning and recognition algorithm we introduced achieves the best performance with 85.12% reduction in total time and 86.82% reduction in the number of steps. In addition, the average error rate of RANN is reduced by 45.94% compared with Lagrangian neural storage algorithm. The iteration number of fuzzy neural network (FNN) neural network prediction model based on incremental rule extraction algorithm is reduced by 28.93%, and the packet loss rate of network peak shaving module controlled by FNN prediction model is reduced to 0.272%, which is 87.69% lower than that of random early detection algorithm. This is expected to provide better performance for the orderly control of network failure, data flow and network data transmission with higher load in the future, and further improve the security and reliability of computer networks.
Deuteron‐Decoupled Singlet NMR in Low Magnetic Fields: Application to the Hyperpolarization of Succinic Acid**
Authors: Dagys Laurynas , Bengs Christian , Moustafa Gamal A. I. , Levitt Malcolm H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe reaction of unsaturated substrates with hydrogen gas enriched in the para spin isomer leads to products with a high degree of nuclear singlet spin order. This leads to greatly enhanced NMR signals, with important potential applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of metabolic processes. Although parahydrogen‐induced polarization has the advantage of being cheap, compact, and mobile, especially when performed in ultralow magnetic fields, efficiency is lost when more than a few protons are involved. This strongly restricts the range of compatible substances. We show that these difficulties may be overcome by a combination of deuteration with the application of a sinusoidally modulated longitudinal field as a well as a transverse rotating magnetic field. We demonstrate a six‐fold enhancement in the 13C hyperpolarization of [1‐13C, 2,3‐d2]‐succinic acid, as compared with standard hyperpolarization methods, applied in the same ultralow field regime.
Cloning and Sequencing Eukaryotic Small RNAs
Authors: Crocker Olivia J. , Trigg Natalie A. , Conine Colin C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmall RNAs are ubiquitous regulators of gene expression that participate in nearly all aspects of physiology in a wide range of organisms. There are many different classes of eukaryotic small RNAs that play regulatory roles at every level of gene expression, including transcription, RNA stability, and translation. While eukaryotic small RNAs display diverse functions across and within classes, they are generally grouped functionally based on the machinery required for their biogenesis, the effector proteins they associate with, and their molecular characteristics. The development of techniques to clone and sequence small RNAs has been critical for their identification, yet the ligation‐dependent addition of RNA adapters and the use of reverse transcriptase to generate cDNA in traditional library preparation protocols can be unsuitable to detect certain small RNA subtypes. In particular, 3′ or 5′ chemical modifications that are characteristic of specific types of small RNAs can impede the ligation‐dependent addition of RNA adapters, while internal RNA modifications can interfere with accurate reverse transcription. The inability to clone certain small RNA subtypes with traditional protocols results in an inaccurate assessment of small RNA abundance and diversity, where some RNAs appear over‐represented and others are not detected. This overview aims to guide users on how to design small RNA cloning workflows in eukaryotes to more accurately capture specific small RNAs of interest. Hence, we discuss the molecular biology underlying the identification and quantitation of small RNAs, explore the limitations of commonly used protocols, and detail the alternative approaches that can be used to enrich specific small RNA classes. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Intravital Microscopy to Visualize Murine Small Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Migration
Authors: Fischer Matthew , Edelblum Karen L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are critical sentinels involved in host defense and maintenance of the intestinal mucosal barrier. IELs expressing the γδ T‐cell receptor provide continuous surveillance of the villous epithelium by migrating along the basement membrane and into the lateral intercellular space between adjacent enterocytes. Intravital imaging has furthered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which IELs navigate the epithelial compartment and interact with neighboring enterocytes at steady state and in response to infectious or inflammatory stimuli. Further, evaluating IEL migratory behavior can provide additional insight into the nature and extent of cellular interactions within the intestinal mucosa. Three protocols describe methodology to visualize small intestinal IEL motility in real time using fluorescent reporter–transgenic mice and/or fluorophore‐conjugated primary antibodies and spinning‐disk confocal microscopy. Using Imaris image analysis software, a fourth protocol provides a framework to analyze IEL migration and quantify lymphocyte/epithelial interactions. Together, these protocols for intravital imaging and subsequent analyses provide the basis for elucidating the spatiotemporal dynamics of mucosal immune cells and interactions with neighboring enterocytes under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Mouse preparation and laparotomySupport Protocol: Antibody labeling of cell surface markersBasic Protocol 2: Image acquisition by spinning‐disk confocal microscopyBasic Protocol 3: 4D analysis of images