bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Micro Fin Array Configurations for Heat Transfer Enhancement in Microchannels
Authors: Frear Colton , Carbajal Gerardo , Romero Edwar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to compare several different micro fin array configurations to determine which channel design allows for maximum heat transfer for the largest range of flow conditions. The fin configurations were tested on novel microchannel cooling devices to measure their effectiveness. Three array configurations were tested: a dummy channel, a straight channel, and a hybrid channel. The baseline of which is a simple linear fin array that has previously proven to be effective. The second is a segmented design, in which the arrays of fins are part of a larger array of diamond-shaped segments. The final design is a hybrid between the first two configurations, resembling the straight fin design but cut into larger segments diagonally. A custom cover was made to allow measurements for temperature and pressure to be made at the inlet and outlet of the channel while not impeding the mass flux through the system. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was found that the average hydraulic diameter of each channel is 155 microns. Each cooling device was tested under a range of flowrate and heat inputs. The temperature change and pressure drop were calculated using temperature and pressure data from the inlet and outlet. This information, along with the mass flux, allows for a wide range of comparisons to be made between configurations. The experimental results revealed that, for single-phase flow, the original segmented fin configuration is the most effective. However, it is believed that the disruptive geometry of the segmented channel will allow for much greater flow mixing for all flow rates. Thus, allowing the design to perform well under a broader range of conditions. It was found during this experiment that the segmented channel design outperformed both the straight fin channel and the dummy channel.
Use of Genetic Algorithms to Extract Fundamental Heat Transfer Performance Parameters From Evaporative Cooler Test Data
Authors: Cabrera Samuel , Carey Van P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To understand the effect of ZnO nanostructures on various metal surfaces, previous experiments have tested the evaporation performance of ZnO coated surfaces through single droplet deposition and pool boiling experiments. Results indicate that applying ZnO superhydrophilic surfaces on metal substrates enhances surface wettability and single droplet vaporization. These superhydrophilic surfaces have the potential to be easily scaled up to larger and more complex heat exchangers and enhance spray cooling processes. Consequently, this study explores the direct evaporative cooling of ZnO coated and non-coated copper wavy fin heat exchangers. The experimental apparatus consists of an airflow and water flow system. The airflow system consists of a variable speed fan and an electric heater that preheats air before it flows into the wavy fins and the water flow system consists of a low volumetric water flow nozzle that sprays droplets into the wavy fins. Experimental results and machine learning tools are used in tandem to characterize the efficiency of the heat exchangers and to extract fundamental heat transfer performance parameters such as the average heat transfer coefficient. Specifically, a genetic algorithm is used to determine how the Colburn heat transfer factor varies with Reynolds number, and how the wetted interfacial area varies with flow conditions. Thus, in addition to providing greater insight into the performance of the heat exchanger and its dependence on system parameters, a genetic algorithm helps attain an optimal design consisting of ZnO coated surfaces that will greatly enhance spray cooling systems.
Strategies to prevent and manage running-related knee injuries: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Alexander James L N , Culvenor Adam G , Johnston Richard R T , Ezzat Allison M , Barton Christian J 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent and manage knee injuries in runners.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus up to May 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a primary aim of evaluating the effectiveness of intervention(s) to prevent or manage running-related knee injury.ResultsThirty RCTs (18 prevention, 12 management) analysed multiple interventions in novice and recreational running populations. Low-certainty evidence (one trial, 320 participants) indicated that running technique retraining (to land softer) reduced the risk of knee injury compared with control treadmill running (risk ratio (RR) 0.32, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.63). Very low-certainty to low-certainty evidence from 17 other prevention trials (participant range: 24 –3287) indicated that various footwear options, multicomponent exercise therapy, graduated running programmes and online and in person injury prevention education programmes did not influence knee injury risk (RR range: 0.55–1.06). In runners with patellofemoral pain, very low-certainty to low-certainty evidence indicated that running technique retraining strategies, medial-wedged foot orthoses, multicomponent exercise therapy and osteopathic manipulation can reduce knee pain in the short-term (standardised mean difference range: −4.96 to −0.90).ConclusionThere is low-certainty evidence that running technique retraining to land softer may reduce knee injury risk by two-thirds. Very low-certainty to low-certainty evidence suggests that running-related patellofemoral pain may be effectively managed through a variety of active (eg, running technique retraining, multicomponent exercise therapy) and passive interventions (eg, foot orthoses, osteopathic manipulation).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020150630
Clinical features ofNOTCH2NLC-related neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Authors: Tian Yun , Zhou Lu , Gao Jing , Jiao Bin , Zhang Sizhe , Xiao Qiao , Xue Jin , Wang Ying , liang Hui , Liu Yaling , Ji Guang , Mao Chenhui , Liu Caiyan , Dong Liling , Zhang Long , Zhang Shugang , Yi Jiping , Zhao Guohua , Luo Yingying , Sun Qiying , Zhou Yafang , Yi Fang , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhou Chaojun , Xie Nina , Luo Mengchuan , Yao Lingyan , Hu Yacen , Zhang Mengqi , Zeng Qiuming , Fang Liangjuan , Long Hong-Yu , Xie Yuanyuan , Weng Ling , Chen Si , Du Juan , Xu Qian , Feng Li , Huang Qing , Hou Xuan , Wang Junpu , Xie Bin , Zhou Lin , Long Lili , Guo Ji-feng , Wang Junling , Yan Xinxiang , Jiang Hong , Xu Hongwei , Duan Ranhui , Tang Beisha , Shen Lu 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAbnormal expanded GGC repeats within theNOTCH2HLCgene has been confirmed as the genetic mechanism for most Asian patients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). This cross-sectional observational study aimed to characterise the clinical features ofNOTCH2NLC-related NIID in China.MethodsPatients withNOTCH2NLC-related NIID underwent an evaluation of clinical symptoms, a neuropsychological assessment, electrophysiological examination, MRI and skin biopsy.ResultsIn the 247 patients withNOTCH2NLC-related NIID, 149 cases were sporadic, while 98 had a positive family history. The most common manifestations were paroxysmal symptoms (66.8%), autonomic dysfunction (64.0%), movement disorders (50.2%), cognitive impairment (49.4%) and muscle weakness (30.8%). Based on the initial presentation and main symptomology, NIID was divided into four subgroups: dementia dominant (n=94), movement disorder dominant (n=63), paroxysmal symptom dominant (n=61) and muscle weakness dominant (n=29). Clinical (42.7%) and subclinical (49.1%) peripheral neuropathies were common in all types. Typical diffusion-weighted imaging subcortical lace signs were more frequent in patients with dementia (93.9%) and paroxysmal symptoms types (94.9%) than in those with muscle weakness (50.0%) and movement disorders types (86.4%). GGC repeat sizes were negatively correlated with age of onset (r=−0.196, p<0.05), and in the muscle weakness-dominant type (median 155.00), the number of repeats was much higher than in the other three groups (p<0.05). In NIID pedigrees, significant genetic anticipation was observed (p<0.05) without repeat instability (p=0.454) during transmission.ConclusionsNIID is not rare; however, it is usually misdiagnosed as other diseases. Our results help to extend the known clinical spectrum ofNOTCH2NLC-related NIID.
Visualizing the Emperor’s Pantheon
Authors: Zhan Zhenpeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the early 1740s, a set of carved lacquer containers were imperially commissioned in Suzhou to hold Daoist and Buddhist scriptures transcribed by the Qianlong emperor. Decorated with numerous deities in bas-relief, these understudied luxury objects shed new light on Buddhist and Daoist material cultures at the High Qing court and offer a glimpse of the imperial patron’s religious cosmology. Focusing on Qianlong’s two miniature pantheons and tracing the life history of objects in Qing palaces, this article explores the key role played by sacred images in elevating devotional objects of religious significance. As the most important offerings to Daoist and Buddhist deities, the lacquer boxes containing imperially transcribed scriptures were set on altars in different temples in the Forbidden City, even after Qianlong’s death. Characterized by rich religious symbolism, the Daoist and Buddhist icons designed for the containers embody visual efficacy that elevated the concealed scriptures and complemented the sacred spaces where they were enshrined.
The Emotional Mechanism Between Leader Feedback Quality and Teacher Voice: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shen Mengyi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although teacher emotion has been recognized as one important factor affecting teaching, learning, and teachers’ wellbeing, less attention has been paid to its role in school management. As an emotional perspective of explaining organizational behavior, the Affective Event Theory was used to uncover the emotional mechanism of the associations between leader feedback quality and teacher voice behavior. A sample of 491 teachers from 27 primary and secondary schools participated in this study. A moderated mediation model was used in data analysis. The result demonstrated that: First, leader feedback quality was positively associated with teacher voice behavior. Second, teacher positive emotion mediated the relationship between leader feedback quality and teacher voice behavior while teacher negative emotion played a masking effect. Third, leader feedback accuracy moderated the relationship between leader feedback quality and teacher negative emotion.
Why They Kept Committed: Emotional Drives of Rotating Teachers in the Context of Teacher Rotation Policy in China
Authors: Zhou Shenji , Ye Juyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine China’s teacher rotation policies, which are intended to narrow the urban-rural teacher quality gap. A qualitative approach is used to explore the emotional drives of eight teachers who participated in teacher rotation in Y District, Beijing. This study applies Archer’s social theory of emotion, which establishes a link between personal concerns and emotional commentaries. Data reveals four emotional drives or concerns: embodying sender schools, reciprocity with rural school leaders, rapport with colleagues, and conscience towards students. Conscience is viewed as the primary drive for rotating teachers to focus their efforts on teaching and learning in order to avoid shame. Relationships with sender schools, rural school leaders, and colleagues all have an effect on rotating teachers’ hybrid self-identity as insiders/outsiders of two social circles, engendering a range of emotions. This study emphasizes the importance of making sense of the emotional structures and dynamics of rotating teachers. Finally, the implications of improving the efficacy of teacher rotation are discussed.
Stratospheric Modulation of the MJO through Cirrus Cloud Feedbacks
Authors: Lin Jonathan , Emanuel Kerry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent observations have indicated significant modulation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) by the phase of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) during boreal winter. Composites of the MJO show that upper-tropospheric ice cloud fraction and water vapor anomalies are generally collocated, and that an eastward tilt with height in cloud fraction exists. Through radiative transfer calculations, it is shown that ice clouds have a stronger tropospheric radiative forcing than do water vapor anomalies, highlighting the importance of incorporating upper-tropospheric–lower-stratospheric processes into simple models of the MJO. The coupled troposphere–stratosphere linear model previously developed by the authors is extended by including a mean wind in the stratosphere and a prognostic equation for cirrus clouds, which are forced dynamically and allowed to modulate tropospheric radiative cooling, similar to the effect of tropospheric water vapor in previous formulations. Under these modifications, the model still produces a slow, eastward-propagating mode that resembles the MJO. The sign of zonal mean wind in the stratosphere is shown to control both the upward wave propagation and tropospheric vertical structure of the mode. Under varying stratospheric wind and interactive cirrus cloud radiation, the MJO-like mode has weaker growth rates under stratospheric westerlies than easterlies, consistent with the observed MJO–QBO relationship. These results are directly attributable to an enhanced barotropic mode under QBO easterlies. It is also shown that differential zonal advection of cirrus clouds leads to weaker growth rates under stratospheric westerlies than easterlies. Implications and limitations of the linear theory are discussed.

Significance Statement
Recent observations have shown that the strength of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), a global-scale envelope of wind and rain that slowly moves eastward in the tropics and dominates global-weather variations on time scales of around a month, is strongly influenced by the direction of the winds in the lower stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere that lies above where weather occurs. So far, modeling studies have been unable to reproduce this connection in global climate models. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms through which the stratosphere can modulate the MJO, by using simple theoretical models. In particular, we point to the role that ice clouds high in the atmosphere play in influencing the MJO.
An open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial of valemetostat for relapsed or refractory adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Izutsu Koji , Makita Shinichi , Nosaka Kisato , Yoshimitsu Makoto , Utsunomiya Atae , Kusumoto Shigeru , Morishima Satoko , Tsukasaki Kunihiro , Kawamata Toyotaka , Ono Takaaki , Rai Shinya , Katsuya Hiroo , Ishikawa Jun , Yamada Hironori , Kato Kazunobu , Tachibana Masaya , Kakurai Yasuyuki , Adachi Nobuaki , Tobinai Kensei , Yonekura Kentaro , Ishitsuka Kenji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with poor prognosis and few treatment options for patients with relapsed, recurrent, or refractory disease. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of valemetostat, a potent enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and EZH1 inhibitor, in treating relapsed or refractory (R/R) ATL. This multicenter phase 2 trial enrolled patients with R/R aggressive ATL (acute, lymphoma, unfavorable chronic type). Patients received valemetostat 200 mg/day orally until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) centrally assessed by an independent efficacy assessment committee (IEAC). Secondary end points included best response in disease compartments, duration of response (DOR), pharmacokinetics, and safety. Twenty-five patients (median age, 69.0 years) with a median of 3 prior lines of therapy were enrolled; 24 had prior mogamulizumab treatment. The primary end point was met with a centrally reviewed ORR of 48.0% (90% confidence interval [CI], 30.5-65.9), including 5 complete and 7 partial remissions. Patients pretreated with mogamulizumab had an ORR of 45.8% (4 complete and 7 partial remissions). IEAC-assessed median DOR was not reached (NR) (95% CI, 1.87 to NR; months). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were manageable. TEAEs that occurred in ≥20% of patients included thrombocytopenia, anemia, alopecia, dysgeusia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, leukopenia, decreased appetite, and pyrexia. Grade ≥3 TEAEs included thrombocytopenia, anemia, lymphopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia. Valemetostat demonstrated promising efficacy and tolerability in heavily pretreated patients, warranting further investigation in treating R/R ATL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04102150.
Health-related quality of life with lisocabtagene maraleucel vs standard of care in relapsed or refractory LBCL
Authors: Abramson Jeremy S. , Johnston Patrick B. , Kamdar Manali , Ibrahimi Sami , Izutsu Koji , Arnason Jon , Glass Bertram , Mutsaers Pim , Lunning Matthew , Braverman Julia , Liu Fei Fei , Crotta Alessandro , Montheard Sandrine , Previtali Alessandro , Guo Shien , Shi Ling , Solomon Scott R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) has shown promising efficacy in clinical trials for patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). We present health-related quality of life (HRQOL) results from the TRANSFORM study, the first comparative analysis of liso-cel vs standard of care (SOC) as second-line therapy in this population. Adults with LBCL refractory or relapsed ≤12 months after first-line therapy and eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation were randomized 1:1 to the liso-cel or SOC arms (3 cycles of immunochemotherapy in which responders proceeded to high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation). HRQOL was assessed by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire – 30 items and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lymphoma subscale. Patients with baseline and ≥1 postbaseline assessment were analyzed (liso-cel, n = 47; SOC, n = 43). The proportion of patients with meaningful improvement in global health status/quality of life (QOL) was higher, whereas deterioration was lower in the liso-cel arm vs SOC arm from day 126 to month 6. Mean change scores showed meaningful worsening in global health status/QOL at month 6, fatigue at day 29 and month 6, and pain at month 6 with SOC; mean scores for other domains were maintained or improved in both arms. Time to confirmed deterioration favored the liso-cel arm vs SOC arm in global health status/QOL (median: not reached vs 19.0 weeks, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.94). HRQOL was either improved or maintained from baseline in patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL in the liso-cel arm vs SOC arm as second-line treatment. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT0357531.
An assessment of the proportion of LGB+ persons in the Belgian population, their identification as sexual minority, mental health and experienced minority stress
Authors: De Schrijver Lotte , Fomenko Elizaveta , Krahé Barbara , Dewaele Alexis , Harb Jonathan , Janssen Erick , Motmans Joz , Roelens Kristien , Vander Beken Tom , Keygnaert Ines 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies report vast mental health problems in sexual minority people. Representative national proportion estimates on self-identifying LGB+ persons are missing in Belgium. Lacking data collection regarding sexual orientation in either census or governmental survey data limits our understanding of the true population sizes of different sexual orientation groups and their respective health outcomes. This study assessed the proportion of LGB+ and heterosexual persons in Belgium, LGB+ persons’ self-identification as sexual minority, mental health, and experienced minority stress.

Method
A representative sample of 4632 individuals drawn from the Belgian National Register completed measures of sexual orientation, subjective minority status, and its importance for their identity as well as a range of mental-health measures.

Results
LGB+ participants made up 10.02% of the total sample and 52.59% of LGB+ participants self-identified as sexual minority. Most sexual minority participants considered sexual minority characteristics important for their identity. LGB+ persons reported significantly worse mental health than heterosexual persons. Sexual minority participants did not report high levels of minority stress, but those who considered minority characteristics key for their identity reported higher levels of minority stress. LGB+ participants who did not identify as minority reported fewer persons they trust.

Conclusions
The proportion of persons who identified as LGB+ was twice as large as the proportion of persons who identified as a minority based on their sexual orientation. LGB+ persons show poorer mental health compared to heterosexual persons. This difference was unrelated to minority stress, sociodemographic differences, minority identification, or the importance attached to minority characteristics.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Ottawa ankle rule to exclude fractures in acute ankle injuries in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gomes Yolanda E. , Chau Minh , Banwell Helen A. , Causby Ryan S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnkle traumas are common presenting injuries to emergency departments in Australia and worldwide. The Ottawa Ankle Rules (OAR) are a clinical decision tool to exclude ankle fractures, thereby precluding the need for radiographic imaging in patients with acute ankle injury. Previous studies support the OAR as an accurate means of excluding ankle and midfoot fractures, but have included a paediatric population, report both the ankle and mid-foot, or are greater than 5 years old. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to update and assess the existing evidence of the diagnostic accuracy of the Ottawa Ankle Rule (OAR) acute ankle injuries in adults.MethodsA systematic search and screen of was performed for relevant articles dated 1992 to 2020. Prospective and retrospective studies documenting OAR outcomes by physicians to assess ankle injuries were included. Critical appraisal of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Outcomes related to psychometric data were pooled using random effects or fixed effects modelling to calculate diagnostic performance of the OAR. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the Higgins I2 test, with Spearman’s correlation test for threshold effect.ResultsFrom 254 unique studies identified in the screening process, 15 were included, involving 8560 patients from 13 countries. Sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio, positive likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.89 to 0.92), 0.25 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.26), 1.47 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.93), 0.15 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.29) and 10.95 (95% CI, 5.14 to 23.35) respectively, with high between-study heterogeneity observed (sensitivity: I2 = 94.3%,p < 0.01; specificity: I2 = 99.2%,p < 0.01). Most studies presented with low risk of bias and concern regarding applicability following assessment against QUADAS-2 criteria.ConclusionsApplication of the OAR is highly sensitive and can correctly predict the likelihood of ankle fractures when present, however, lower specificity rates increase the likelihood of false positives. Overall, the use of the OAR tool is supported as a cost-effective method of reducing unnecessary radiographic referral, that should improve efficiency, lower medical costs and reduce waiting times.