bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the reliability check of complementary methods for the precise estimation of peak efficiency of a long run used Germanium detector in low activity environmental measurements
Authors: Margret  , S Chandrasekaran , C.V Srinivas , B Venkatraman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The gamma-ray spectrometry using long run used hyper pure germanium(HPGe) detector needs a stringent full energy peak(FEP) efficiency calibration for environmental radioactivity measurements. The FEP efficiency calibration were carried out using the complementary methods like analytical estimations and Monte Carlo(MC) simulations. In our work, for the analytical estimations, the relative deviation of the theoretical results with that of experimental FEP efficiency was found to be less than 6%. But in the case of MC methodologies, an overall estimated standard deviation of 5% could be achievable only with the optimized geometry of the long run used germanium detector for low-activity environmental measurements.
Dust-acoustic periodic travelling waves in a magnetized dusty plasma with trapped ions and nonthermal electrons in astrophysical situations:Oblique excitations
Authors: El-Shamy E. F. , Selim M. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Obliquely propagating three-dimensional dust-acoustic periodic travelling waves (DAPTWs) has been undertakenin a magnetized dusty plasma composed of negatively charged inertial dust particles, trapped ions, and nonthermal fast electrons. In a dusty plasma model at hand, the dynamic behaviors of DAPTWs are governed by a Schamel equation. The presence of dust acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) and DAPTWs is investigated via bifurcation analysis of the Hamiltonian system. In the nonlinear regime, the Sagdeev potential and phase portrait structures indicate the presence of small-amplitude DAPTW solutions. The influences of intrinsic physical parameters include the strength of the static magnetic field, the obliqueness of propagation,the thermal pressure of charged dust grains, the electron to dust density ratio, the trapping parameter of trapped ions and the degree of nonthermality of fast electrons on the characteristics of DAPTWs are simulated numerically. In particular, the findings illustrate that the amplitude of DAPTWs is reduced as the numerical values of the trapping parameterare decreased. Interestingly, the numerical results of the theoretical simulations can be used to significantly highlight the physical nature of DAPTWs in astrophysical situations such as Earth’s magnetosphere, auroral region, and heliospheric environments.
Are we ready yet for digital transformation? Virtual versus On-Campus Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) as an assessment tools in pharmacy education. A randomized controlled head-to-head comparative assessment
Authors: Kharaba Zelal , Ahmed Mohammad Al , Elnour Asim Ahmed , AbouHajal Abdallah , Abumweis Suhad , Ghattas Mohammad A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has influenced pharmacy education including learning, assessment, and exams. In the UAE, pharmacy instructors have adapted several innovative teaching methods to strive for quality learning outcomes. The current trial presented a head-to-head comparative assessment between on-campus versus virtual Objective Subjective Clinical Examination (OSCE) with examiners’ and students’ perspectives. Aim: The main aim was to compare fourth-year students’ and examiners’ perceptions of the feasibility (time and logistics), stress, performance, and satisfaction between on-campus versus virtual OSCE. Method A randomized controlled head-to-head comparative assessment between the On-campus and virtual OSCE was conducted to explore performance and satisfaction of pharmacy students and examiners towards the two OSCE settings. The virtual OSCE was carried out directly after the on-campus -OSCE and the setting was designed in a way that aligned with the on-campus OSCE but in a virtual way. Microsoft Teams® breakout room was used as a virtual stations. Respondus-lockdown-browse and Google Meet® were used for proctoring purposes. Results: Students who sat for the on-campus assessment were more satisfied with the instructions, the orientation session, the time management, and the overall exam setting, the ability of the exam to assess their communication and clinical skills, professionalism and attitude, and the interactivity of the exam compared to the students who sat for the virtual assessment. Examiners’ perceptions for both settings were the same with the exception of interaction with students (p<0.05) as the on-campus OSCE was more interactive. Conclusion: Students still prefer the on-campus OSCE to the virtual OSCE format in many aspects. Nevertheless, virtual OSCE is still a feasible and satisfactory method of assessment when on-campus OSCE is not possible. There is a need of a specialized platform to conduct the virtual OSCE from A to Z rather than maximizing the use of options in the current digital platforms.
The Prediction of Global Mean Temperature through Machine Learning
Authors: Niyogi Debdarsan , Sriniva Jayaraman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Global Mean Temperature (GMT) is a very important variable to be predicted based on its history. The fluctuations in GMT might not be describable by exact mathematical modelling since the underlying Physics is not yet understood fully, and a data-driven approach to this problem is an alternative worth exploring. A variety of data-driven algorithms in Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning Neural Networks (DNN) are available for predicting time series. However, advanced algorithms, like DNN are complex to implement and computationally expensive. In this article, only simple ML methods have been evaluated to predict GMT treating it both as a univariate time series and also casting it to a regression problem. The effectiveness of a large set of simpler ML methods along with different data preparation techniques to forecast the GMT and mean value of GMT over a span of years was examined. It was found that some simple methods did as well or better than the more well-known ones showing merit in trying a large bouquet of algorithms as a first step. Forecasts were satisfactory with an RMSE value of around 0.056 on average, with the lowest value of 0.02. RMSE for mean GMT values ranged from 0.00002 to 0.00036. This establishes a benchmark for the more advanced ML models to reach. Some steps of data preparation were shown to be effective. Application of DNN is recommended to examine if that is capable of predicting GMT with greater accuracy.
Evaluation of a Transition to Survivorship Program for Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients and Caregivers
Authors: Bingen Kristin , Karst Jeffrey , Anderson Lynnette , Chan Sherilynn , Jordan Anna , Morin Jocelyn , Nichols Julie , Palou-Torres Akasha , Phelan Rachel , Schmidt Debra , Yan Ke , Hoag Jennifer A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PurposeSurvivorship education and anticipatory guidance represents an unmet need for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors and their caregivers when treatment ends. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a structured transition program, bridging treatment to survivorship, to reduce distress and anxiety and increase perceived preparedness for survivors and caregivers.MethodsBridge to Next Steps is a 2-visit program, within 8 weeks of treatment completion and 7 months post-treatment, which provides survivorship education, psychosocial screening, and resources. Fifty survivors and 46 caregivers participated. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention measures: Distress Thermometer and PROMIS anxiety/emotional distress (ages ≥ 8 years), and perceived preparedness survey (ages ≥ 14 years). AYA survivors and caregivers completed a post-intervention acceptability survey.ResultsMost participants (92.59%) completed both visits, and most AYA survivors (57.1%) and caregivers (76.5%) endorsed the program as helpful. Caregivers’ distress and anxiety scores decreased from pre- to post-intervention (p < 0.01). Survivors’ scores remained the same, which were low at baseline. Participants felt more prepared for survivorship from pre- to post-intervention (p = 0.02, p < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsBridge to Next Steps was feasible and acceptable for most participants. AYA survivors and caregivers felt more prepared for survivorship care after participation. Caregivers reported decreased anxiety and distress from pre- to post-Bridge, whereas survivors remained at a low level for both.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsEffective transition programs that better prepare and support pediatric and AYA cancer survivors and families from active treatment to survivorship care will contribute to healthy adjustment.
Relationship Between Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms and Neurogenerative Disease Incidence Rates in South Korea
Authors: Lee Seungjun , Choi Boseung , Kim Sung Jae , Kim Jinnam , Kang Dayun , Lee Jiyoung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Due to anthropogenic activities and global warming, the severity and distribution of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing steadily worldwide, including in South Korea (S. Korea). Previous studies reported exposure to HABs can increase the risk of HAB-related diseases. However, very few studies examined the linkage between HABs and disease occurrence, particularly in S. Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of HABs on neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and motor neuron disease, at a population level. Methods: Thirteen year data (2005-2017) for chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations as a bloom-related parameter, annual numbers of NDs and population information were collected. First, the entire area of S. Korea was divided into a grid of 1-km and the population number in each 1-km grid was collected using Statistical Geographic Information Service Plus system. Cross-sectional time series data were analyzed with two statistical models, a generalized linear mixed model and a generalized linear model.Results: The results show that there is a general trend of increasing chl-a concentration and NDs year by year. We observed positive correlations between HAB intensity and incidence rate of NDs. Particularly, HABs seem to have the most long-term carry-over effect on Parkinson’s disease. Another key finding was that a 5-km radius from the HAB location was the boundary that showed most significant associations with three NDs. Conclusions: This study provides statistical evidence that supports the potential risk of NDs from the exposures of HAB. Thus, it is recommended to monitor a broad spectrum of cyanotoxins, including neurotoxins, in the areas of bloom-affected regions in S. Korea as well as epidemiological studies in the future.
Characteristics, challenges, benefits, and technologies of Smart Grid (SG): survey
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The electric power system is undergoing considerable changes in operation, maintenance, and planning as a result of the integration of renewable energy resources (RERs). The transition to a smart grid (SG), which employs advanced automation and control techniques, brings with it new difficulties and possibilities. This paper provides an overview of next-generation smart grids by presenting the most current and cutting-edge developments in the SG sector. This paper discusses the benefits, drawbacks, and prospects of smart grids. The difficulties of integrating RERs into the grid, as well as alternative energy storage solutions, are discussed. The unpredictable nature of resources has an impact on RER output. The energy storage system is critical in dealing with RERs' unpredictable nature and ensuring a smooth and reliable supply to load demand. Smart energy systems provide a number of problems and possibilities in terms of developing, integrating, and implementing electrical grids that incorporate network and communication technologies, as well as important privacy and security concerns for various components within the grid. This paper also shows the influence of SGs on distributed energy generation, as well as a comparative analysis on electric cars (EVs), including classification, i.e., battery, and hybrid electric vehicles, as well as current difficulties and challenges in EV technology. A discussion of SG protection concerns and their resolution is also included.
Recovery Time from Total Disability Glare is Increased in Myopic Eyes
Authors: Ávila Francisco J. , Casado Pilar , Ares Jorge 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate differences between myopic and emmetropic eyes in the measured recovery time after retinal photobleaching in a population of young healthy subjects.
Methods
A Maxwellian-illumination total disability glare instrument with controllable glare angular distribution, luminous intensity and contrast of the visual stimuli was employed to measure the recovery time after photo-stress induced vision for a 240 milliseconds exposure time in 66 myopic and 66 emmetropic eyes. The measurements were carried out for different combinations of glare angles and contrast of the visual stimuli.
Results
Time recovery measured in myopic eyes is significantly higher than emmetropic eyes. The measured recovery depends on both the glare angle and the contrast of the stimuli. In addition, myopic and emmetropic eyes present similar sensitivity to glare in terms of time recovery, however in glare conditions, the differences of measured recovery time drastically increase with the reduction of the contrast of the stimuli between both groups of study.
Conclusions
A total disability glare instrument has been employed to stablish the differences in the measured recovery time after retinal photobleaching. The versatility and simplicity of the instrument could help to explore those retinal disorders related to photopigment visual function at both central and peripheral retina.
Existence of solutions for some classes of integro-differential equations on C1(R+) by applying a measure of noncompactness
Authors: Tamimi Hengameh , Saiedinezhad Somayeh , Ghaemi Mohammad Bagher 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions in some classes of integro-differential equations. Due to Darbo's fixed point theorem with an appropriate measure of noncompactness, we prove the existence of solution in each class of equations. Finally, some significant examples are solved using the artificial small parameter method.Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 47H10, 45J05, 47H08.
Ultrasound assisted exploration of the primary anatomical dimension of lumbar epidural fat affecting epidural labour analgesia
Authors: Xu Chenyang , Guo Wenjun , Zhang Peijin , Yuan Hongmei , Feng Shanwu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: There is ambivalence about the effect of epidural fat on local anaesthetic diffusion in epidural anaesthesia. This study aimed to investigate the primary anatomical dimension of epidural fat affecting epidural labour analgesia using ultrasound measurements of the ligamentum flavum-dura mater unit (LFDM).Methods: A total of 162 women who received epidural labour analgesia were included in this study. The height (H), diameter (d), and volume (V) of the lumbar LFDM were measured and calculated using ultrasound as a proxy for the dimensions of epidural fat. After anaesthesia, the main observations were whether the analgesia was effective within 30 min and the changes in the levels of temperature and pain blockade within 30 min.Results: A total of 160 patients completed the follow-up. The height (H) of the LFDM (AUC=0.882) was more predictive of maternal analgesia than the volume (V) of the LFDM (AUC=0.667). Although the volume (V) of the LFDM was weakly correlated with the temperature block level (r=-0.423, P<0.0001) and pain block level (r=-0.459, P<0.0001), the height (H) of the LFDM was strongly correlated with the temperature block level (r=-0.864, P<0.0001) and pain block level (r=-0.811, P<0.0001). With a height (H) of LFDM =12.06 as the cutoff, the sensory block level was significantly higher in the short LFDM group than in the long LFDM group within 30 min.Conclusion: The height (H) of the lumbar LFDM, as determined by ultrasound, rather than its volume, is the primary anatomical dimension of epidural fat that affects epidural labour analgesia.
Seed Oil Content and Variability of Some Provenance of Jatropha Curcas Population in Ethiopia
Authors: Eshetu Reta , Minale Mesafint , Tedla Abeje 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Jatropha curcas (L.) is drought resistant large shrub or small tree. It belongs to the genus Jatropha and the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to tropical America, but now found abundantly in many tropical and sub-tropical regions. Jatropha curcas (L.) is one of the important species that bear seed containing oil with a potential use as biodiesel. The objective of this research is to estimate the seed oil content and variability for some tree morphological traits of Jatropha curcas population in Ethiopia. Methodology: Fourteen Jatropha curcas populations were collected at different parts of Ethiopia. Sixteen plants per plot were planted at Shewarobit site in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on survival rate, number of branches, seed yields and growth parameters were collected from those plants. Results: The result showed that a survival rate of 85-100%, average root collar diameter was 11cm and plant height of 235 cm were recorded at the age of 39 months after planting. Different traits of Jatropha curcas indicated statistically no significant difference (p>0.05). However, slightly higher seed and oil yield (k.g/ha/year) 3016.0 & 111169.8, 2711.3 & 91235.25 were found from Chefa and R1-009 seed sources, respectively. Conclusions: Even if, there was no significant difference observed among seed sources. Hence, Chefa and R1-009 collections have slightly greater yield both in seed and oil yields. So they should be chosen for future seed sources to produce crude oil due to their relative higher seed number and oil yield.
miR-19b-3p inhibits glioma progression via interacting with lncRNA HAGLR
Authors: Qi Xuchen , Liu Yiwei , Lu Qin , Wang Yirong , Yang Shuxu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
LncRNA HOXD-AS1, alias HAGLR, was reported to be a tumor promoter and involved in the induction of chemoresistance in glioma. This study was designed to infer the potential miRNA which bound with HAGLR and contributed to tumor growth in glioma. Specifically, two miRNAs (miR-17b-5p and miR-19b-3p) targeted were selected by HAGLR in glioma cells. Then we constructed miRNA-overexpression vectors and transfected into U87 cells to establish experimental cell models. CCK-8 assay was applied to examine cell viability and the cell group with miR-19b-3p upregulation exhibited a stronger inhibition on cell growth, which therefore was selected for the following experiments. Transwell assay and flow cytometry were then utilized to detect cell migration and apoptosis and dual-luciferase reporter assay was used for examining the combination of HAGLR and miR-19b-3p. The results suggested that miR-19b-3p overexpression significantly decreased cell migration but increased cell apoptosis. Moreover, upregulated miR-19b-3p considerably reduced the relative luciferase activity of the wild-type, rather than the mutant HAGLR-harboring U87 cells, indicating that HAGLR was identified as the target of miR-19b-3p. This study identified a novel HAGLR/miR-19b-3p regulation axis in cellular activities of glioma cells, which provided a preliminary theoretical basis for further research on underlying molecular mechanisms.
Are gender norms systematic to caste institutions? Examining preferences through a social experiment in India
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Datta Ashokankur 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper we examine how traditional institutions like caste interact with socio-economic status to mediate the perception of gender roles and attitudes around female labour force participation. We use third party vignettes to directly test the validity of the hypothesis that lower castes have more egalitarian gender norms and lower acceptance of restrictions on female autonomy. We find that the relationship between conservative gender norms and caste are in turn influenced by the class status of households, measured by land or asset ownership. Lastly, we conduct a simple social experiment to test for `pluralistic ignorance' and confirm the presence of systematic overestimation of conservative attitude that varies by caste and class identities.JEL Codes: J16, J21, J22, Z13
Linear programming the Ramsar Convention’s Criterion IV in the Shadegan Wetland; enlisting the wetland should it support waterfowl and waders under extreme climate conditions
Authors: Rafei Asma , Danehkar Afshin , Zandebasiri Mehdi , Goodarzi Mehdi Sheikh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Wetland ecosystems around the world are of great importance in terms of providing valuable ecological services to people and wildlife. According to the Montreux Record, there is a list of wetlands which failed to fulfill the Ramsar Convention’s criteria. The Shadegan international site, registered in 1975 as a Ramsar Convention member, has been subjecting to the Montreux record since 1993 owning to the conditions change. The purpose of this study was to apply linear programming (LP) to measure the status of Criterion IV of the Ramsar Convention over the extent of Shadegan Wetland. Accordingly, Criterion IV was defined in mathematical language and run by the Excel software. The Lingo software was also used to verify the previously retrieved linear model by defining constraints for X variables. The constraints of this model were chosen based on the extreme events (i.e. evaporation threshold was determined based on water and energy limitations) of each variable during the study period considering the trend effect of each variable.
Board Diversity and its Impact on Firm Performance
Authors: Hasan Fakhrul , Islam Mohammad Raijul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aims to examine and interpret the relationship between the demographic diversity of the board and firm performance. We used the FTSE 100 Index to do this research along with the longitudinal (panel) data. The use of the Blau index and the coefficient of variations helps define the demographic diversity value of the board. We used ROE as a dependent variable for our base line mode and ROA for our robustness test. The results of this study indicate that demographic diversity is positively related to firm performance. This study manages to discover a significantly negative relationship between gender diversity and ROE, as well as a significantly positive relationship between gender diversity and ROA. A significantly negative correlation is also found between CEO age and ROA and a significantly, positive correlation between board tenure and ROE.