bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmental hair analysis - a retrospective testosterone diary?
Authors: Preinbergs Julia K , Ström Jakob O , Theodorsson Elvar , Ingberg Edvin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Testosterone is thought to be incorporated in growing hair strands so that specific hair segments reflect average free hormone concentrations from the corresponding time period. However, the exact mechanisms of hormone integration in scalp hair have not yet been established and it is not known how testosterone is stored in the hair segments over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of testosterone concentrations in hair as it grows and to determine if segmental hair analysis can be used as a retrospective testosterone diary.
Methods
Thirty men and 40 women provided two hair samples and 16 saliva samples during a period of three months. Hair growth between the two samplings was measured. Hair samples were cut into 10 mm segments resulting in three segments from the first sampling and six segments from the second sampling. Hair samples were pulverised and extracted with methanol. Hair testosterone concentrations were analysed using an in-house radioimmunoassay. Salivary testosterone was analysed using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Demeditec).
Results
The results demonstrated that there is a degree of segmental hormone conservation over time (rho = 0.405–0.461, p < 0.001, n = 66–67), but also highlighted three potential confounders. Firstly, testosterone concentrations were higher in distal hair segments (mean concentration ratio most distal by most scalp-near was 1.55, SD 0.70), which may be due to continuous hormone integration from sebum and changes in hair matrix composition. Secondly, more frequent hair washing stunted the increase in testosterone concentrations in distal segments (rho=-0.404, p = < 0.001, n = 66). And lastly, intra- and inter- individual variability in hair growth rate influenced the temporal resolution along the hair, although mean growth rate was indeed 30.0 mm for three months. In a multiple regression model the biological sex, natural hair colour, and relationship status were significant explanatory variables to hair testosterone concentrations.
Conclusions
The current results indicate that repeated hair sampling near the hair roots during a study may be preferable to analysing concentration changes between proximal and distal segments within the same hair sample. Also, hair testosterone analysis needs to be adjusted for sex and the natural hair colour.
Epidemiological and survival analysis of early and middle stage femoral head necrosis
Authors: Zhao Gang , Liu Yujie , An Mingyang , Wang Jiangtao , Li Haipeng , Li Zhongli , Li Chunbao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the venereal characteristics and survival time of osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH).Methods: 970 patients with early and mid-term ONFH in our hospital from 1998 to 2014 were selected for epidemiological study. The general and clinical data of patients, including age, gender, etiology, alcohol intake, hormone use, body mass index and femoral head survival years, were collected by telephone, outpatient recurrence and other methods for statistics and analysis.Results: among 970 patients, there were 694 males and 276 females, with an average age of 40.87 ± 10.42 years. The average age of onset in women is younger than that in men. Male patients have a high incidence of alcoholic ONFH and female patients have a high incidence of hormonal ONFH. There was no significant difference in the duration of hormone use between hormone and alcohol combined necrosis and hormone induced ONFH, but the onset time was significantly shortened. The drinking history of female mixed bad death was higher than that of male, and the amount of alcohol consumed in a single week was greater than that of pure alcohol bad death, but the drinking years showed a downward trend. The survival time of people over 50 years old is higher than that of other age groups. The survival time of alcoholic necrosis is significantly longer than that of the other three types of necrosis, and the worst survival time is hormone necrosis. The analysis of disease stage survival showed that the lower the classification, the better the prognosis, and vice versa. Low weight patients have a longer survival time in the femoral head, while overweight people have a shorter survival time.Conclusion: this epidemiological study of early and medium-term femoral head necrosis has refined the intake characteristics of hormone and alcohol factors, analyzed the distribution characteristics of the disease, and made a detailed survival analysis of the femoral head, laying a solid foundation for further research.
Suppressed magnetic scattering sets conditions for the emergence of 40 T high-field superconductivity in UTe2
Authors: Helm Toni , Kimata Motoi , Sudo Kenta , Miyata Atsuhiko , Stirnat Julia , Forster Tobias , Hornung Jacob , König Markus , Sheikin Ilya , Pourret Alexandre , Lapertot Gérard , Aoki Dai , Brison Jean-Pascal , Knebel Georg , Wosnitza Jochen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The potential spin-triplet heavy-fermion superconductor UTe2 exhibits signatures of multiple distinct superconducting phases. For field aligned along the b axis a metamagnetic transition occurs at μ0Hm ≈ 35 T. It is associated with a spin reorientation inducing magnetic fluctuations that may be beneficial for the field-enhanced superconductivity surviving up to Hm. Once the field is tilted away from the b towards the c axis, a re-entrant superconducting phase emerges just above Hm(θ). However, under pressure this phase detaches from Hm. In order to better understand this remarkably field-resistant phase we investigate magnetic torque and electrical magnetotransport in pulsed magnetic fields. The observed zero-Hall signal evidences the superconducting nature of this distinct high-field phase. We determine its record-breaking upper critical field of μ0Hc2 ≈ 75 T. Furthermore, we provide evidence for a strong angle-dependent reduction of magnetic scattering, likely accompanied by changes in the electronic band structure induced by the tilted field.
Effect of isokinetic vs free weight on the magnitude of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage of elbow flexors in well-trained men
Authors: Halmenschlager Gustavo H. , Cabral Hélio V. , Silva Jefferson L. , Salles Belmiro F. , Oliveira Liliam F. , Matta Thiago T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of eccentric exercise-induce muscle damage (EIMD) on elbow flexors is commonly analyzed after exercises performed at isokinetic dynamometers. However, it is possible that the magnitude of eccentric EIMD be different between exercises performed at free weights. Herein we compared the effect of eccentric exercise performed either with free weight (FW) or isokinetic dynamometer (ID) on the magnitude of elbow flexors EIMD in well-trained men.
Methods
Seventeen men were randomly assigned to FW (n = 8) and ID (n = 9) groups and were asked to perform four sets of 10 maximal eccentric contractions. Peak maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), muscle thickness and echo intensity of elbow flexors were measured immediately before (baseline) and during each of the following four days after the intervention.
Results
For both ID and FW groups, the MVIC decreased immediately post (37%), 24 (26%), 48 (25%), 72 (20%) and 96 h (18%) after (P < 0.001). When compared to baseline, the DOMS increased across days (~ 4 cm; P < 0.001). The muscle thickness increased immediately after exercise for both protocols (~ 12%; P < 0.001), while no differences across days were observed for echo intensity (P > 0.285). No differences between groups were observed for the indirect markers.
Conclusions
Eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors performed with different resistance modalities induces EIMD with similar magnitude and duration in well-trained men. The free weight eccentric exercise can be used by trained subjects or trainers with comparable effects to isokinetic dynamometer machine.
Long-term electrical energy demand forecasting by using artificial intelligence techniques – a case study of Turkey
Authors: Ozdemir Gulcihan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The article provides a long term forecast for gross annual electrical energy demand of Turkey by using socio-economic indicators such as gross domestic product, population, import and export values. The technics artificial neural networks (ANNs), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and quadratic models among metaheuristic algorithms which are genetic algorithms (GA), differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are applied to precisely formulate the relationship between the historical data and the forecasted data. The simulations are done on the actual energy demand data between the years 1975 through 2017. The performances provided by each model are evaluated over the training period. Future estimations of annual gross electrical energy demand of Turkey are projected up to 2030 under different scenarios. The methods are compared with five error metrics to determine the best model for forecasting. The mean average percentage error of all models is obtained within the range of high forecasting quality. Overall the best performance is obtained by the quadratic model with GA. Simulations are done on MATLAB™ platform.
The multi-target regulation of cytokine storm by transcription factor Blimp-1
Authors: Qin Qiushi , Li Rui , Li Lan , Zhang Yue , Deng Shuwei , Zhu Liuluan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveCytokine storm syndrome is a fatal condition related to infectious and autoimmune diseases. Here we aim to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of Blimp-1 on cytokine storm.Methods The Blimp1 shRNA was transfected into RAW264.7 macrophages, followed by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand stimulation. The mRNA and protein levels of cytokines were detected by real-time PCR and flow cytometric bead array. The genomic binding sites of Blimp-1 were analyzed with chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq). The nuclear translocation of AP-1 and NF-κB p65 were measured by immunofluorescence staining.Results Blimp-1 significantly inhibited the expression and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 in macrophages during stimulation with a variety of TLR ligands. ChIP-seq data showed that Blimp-1 stably combined with the promoters of Il1b and Tnf and the enhancers of Il6 and Il18, indicating a direct transcriptional repression of Blimp-1 on the pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, Blimp-1 strictly controlled nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in LPS-challenged macrophages, suggesting the regulatory mechanism of Blimp-1 on NF-κB activation.ConclusionBlimp-1 represses the production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines by directly binding the genomic region and restricting NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. This finding may provide potential therapeutic strategies for the cytokine storm-related diseases.
A systematically biosynthetic investigation of lactic acid bacteria reveals diverse antagonistic bacteriocins that potentially shape the human microbiome
Authors: Zhang Dengwei , Zhang Jian , Kalimuthu Shanthini , Liu Jing , Song Zhiman , He Bei-bei , Cai Peiyan , Zhong Zheng , Feng Chenchen , Neelakantan Prasanna , Li Yong-Xin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce various bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which endow LAB with a protective role for the host. However, the biosynthetic potentials of LAB-derived SMs remain elusive, particularly in their diversity, abundance, and distribution in the human microbiome. Thus, it is still unknown to what extent LAB-derived SMs are involved in microbiome homeostasis.Results: Here, we systematically investigate the biosynthetic potential of LAB from 31,977 LAB genomes, identifying 130,051 BGCs of 2,849 gene cluster families (GCFs). Most of these GCFs are species-specific or even strain-specific and uncharacterized yet. Analyzing 748 human-associated metagenomes, we gain an insight into the profile of LAB BGCs, which are highly diverse and niche-specific in the human microbiome. We discover that most LAB BGCs may encode bacteriocins with pervasive antagonistic activities predicted by machine learning models, potentially playing protective roles in the human microbiome. Class II bacteriocins, one of the most abundant and diverse LAB SMs, are particularly enriched and predominant in the vaginal microbiomes. Together with experimental validation, our metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis show that antagonistic class II bacteriocins potentially regulate microbial communities in the vagina, thereby contributing to microbiome homeostasis. Conclusions: Our study systematically investigates LAB biosynthetic potential and their profile in the human microbiome, linking them to the antagonistic contributions to microbiome homeostasis via omics analysis. These discoveries of the diverse and prevalent antagonistic SMs are expected to stimulate the mechanism study of LAB’s protective roles for the microbiome and host, highlighting the potential of LAB and their bacteriocins as therapeutic alternatives.
Research on Adaptive Optimization of Control Parameters of Gravity Shaking Table
Authors: YOU Keshun , LIU Huizhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
When image processing and machine vision technology are used to extract features from the image of the ore belt of the shaking table, so as to realize the analysis of the processing index, the deep learning target detection algorithm can accurately extract the coordinate information of the separation point of the boundary line of the ore belt, but it can not realize the monitoring of the processing state of the shaking table, as a result, the current research is still in the process of replacing manual development of automatic mineral interception systems and optimization of single control parameters. In order to realize the adaptive optimization of the multiple control parameters of the shaking table, in this paper, the multi-scale feature extraction of the ore belt is first realized through the deep learning semantic segmentation algorithm, and then a relationship model between the ore belt and the beneficiation efficiency, and the control model between the ore belt and the operation parameters with high precision performance are constructed, finally, an adaptive optimization method of control parameters of the shaking table based on maximizing beneficiation efficiency is proposed. The research results show that the deep learning vision algorithm used in this paper can extract the image features of the ore belt with the largest dimension, which lays an important foundation for the construction of a reliable benefication process model of shaking table by using the machine learning method of smart optimized support vector regression, which can solve the problem of meeting the industrial requirements even when the sample quantity is limited. Combining the researches of machine vision and machine learning in ore belt identification and real-time monitoring of beneficiation processing, the proposed optimization method can realize the continuous optimization of multiple control parameters of the shaking table, and the optimization results have a good guarantee.
Quantification of Aquatic Unicellular Diazotrophs by Immunolabeled Flow Cytometry
Authors: Zeev Edo Bar , Geisler Eyal , Siebner Hagar , Rahav Eyal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Unicellular diazotrophs are recognized as important contributors to the aquatic nitrogen cycle. Yet, quantifying the number of aquatic diazotrophs, especially the unicellular fraction, is highly challenging and relies mostly on microscopical and molecular approaches. In this study a new method was developed to quantify unicellular diazotrophs by combining immunolabeling the nitrogenase enzyme and flow cytometry. The quantification method was initially developed using a diazotrophic monoculture (Vibrio natriegens) and verified by different controls as well as various auxiliary approaches such as N2 fixation and confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was evident that only 15–20% of the total number of V. natriegens cells have synthesized the nitrogenase enzyme, even though the media was anaerobic, and N limited. This approach was further tested on field samples collected from marine and freshwater environments. It was found that the number of unicellular diazotrophs sampled from the Mediterranean Sea comprised 0.1% of the total bacteria, while 4.7% along the Jordan River. Nevertheless, N2 fixation per cell was highest in the Mediterranean Sea (~ 90 attmole N cell− 1 d− 1), while lower in the lake and the river (1.4 to 0.3 attmole N cell− 1 d− 1, respectively). Following the above, it is expected that this direct quantification approach will provide new insights on the number and specific contribution of unicellular diazotrophs to total N2 fixation in marine and freshwater environments.
Effect of Reynolds Number on Impact Force and Collision Process of a Low-Velocity Droplet Colliding with a Wall Carrying an Equal-Mass Deposited Droplet
Authors: Lv Qian , Li Jingyin , Guo Penghua , Zhang Bin , Tang Pengbo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The impact force and collision process of a glycerol or a glycerol aqueous solution droplet colliding with a horizontal wall carrying an equal-mass deposited droplet are presented. A piezoelectric sensor-based force measurement platform, a high-speed camera and the volume-of-fluid numerical simulation method were used to measure the impact force and to explore the underlying mechanism. Results indicate the collision can be categorized into two regimes in terms of Reynolds number, i.e. a viscous regime and an inertial regime. For the collision in the viscous regime, two high-pressure regions are formed first at the edge and center of the deposited droplet. Then the two high pressures will drop slowly. This results in a single-peak force-time curve. For the collision in the inertial regime, an annular jet is formed first between the two droplets, with a high-pressure region generated at the center of the deposited droplet. The falling of the annular jet on the wall leads to a pressure rise at the edge of the deposited droplet. The edge pressure then increases further, resulting in a second force peak. The annular jet is key for the occurrence of double-peak force–time curve and a sign of the inertial regime. The Reynolds number of the regime boundary is about 101 to 107. The dimensionless impact peak force decreases gradually with Reynolds number in the viscous regime and changes slightly in the inertial regime.
Modeling and simulation of a stand-alone solar system over a wide range of rising in temperatures
Authors: Shukir Samhar Saeed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The exhaustion of conventional resources and its effect on climate requires an urgent need for the substitute power resources to attain energy demand. Solar energy is an infinite, a futuristic, non-polluting, diverse applications, Low installation and maintenance cost. This paper presents the complete design of a 10kw, stand –alone rooftop solar system, and describes the impact of an effective implementation of a power system and a control system on the performance of the project. The power system in this project consists of an array of half cut cell PV modules, and an inverter based on Mn-Zn ferrite transformer to boost the D.C voltage generated by the PV modules. Control system includes voltage regulator based on PI controller and SPWM generator. Voltage regulator generates three modulating signals used by SPWM to generate pulses to switch 6 IGBT inverter at a certain switching angles. The proposed system is implemented in the MATLAM/simulink. Simulation results indicate that an effective implementation of the power system and the control system will provide a high quality rated voltage with minimal limits of the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) and acceptable values of the modulation index (m) over a wide range of increasing in temperatures.
A Facile Approach: Carbon Activation of Palm Shell Using Gel Type Activating Agent for Enhanced Porous Structure Electrodes
Authors: Kandasamy Senthil Kumar , Ramyea R , Ravi Bharanisree , Michalska Monika 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study is geared towards the promises of palm shell as a renewable substitute for the electrode material of supercapacitor as well as the usage of gel (10 g of NaOH, 20 g of PVA and 300 ml of distilled water) for carbon activation. Carbonaceous materials have received continuous interest as suitable materials for EDLC electrodes because of their high surface area, chemical compatibility, and large network of pores. Despite the potential benefits of carbon-based materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon aerogels, their usage has been reportedly challenged by scarcity, cost, and most importantly agglomeration effects in the fabrication process . High surface area, tunable pore size, abundance, wide temperature range, and low-cost are all advantages of activated carbon obtained from biomass. Palm shell was activated using a chemical activation technique. The structural and physiochemical properties of activated carbon derived from palm shell were studied and analyzed using XRD, FTIR, and BET measurements. The electrochemical properties of the fabricated electrodes from chemically activated carbon derived from palm shell were studied and analysed using cyclic voltammetry , galvanostatic charge discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. With a surface area of 216.062 m2g-1 and a pore volume of 0.1468 cm3g-1, gel-based activation is used for the activated carbon production.
Competitive effects of the macroalgae Caulerpa taxifolia on key physiological processes in the scleratinian coral Turbinaria peltata under thermal stress
Authors: Fu Jian Rong , Zhou Jie , Yang Hui Ting , Zhou Jia Li , Zhang Yan Ping , Liu Li 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the degradation of coral reefs induced by climate change and local environmental stressors, an increasing abundance of macroalgae is observed in many reefs. The sublethal damage caused by macroalgae on coral included inhibiting growth, development and reproduction. However, few studies have focused on the dynamics of the interspecific relationship between coral and macroalgae, which may change under climate change. Thus, the effects of thermal stress on the competition between the plate-like coral Turbinaria peltata and macroalgae Caulerpa taxifolia were explored in this study. The responses of corals exposed to the culture water of algae and those in direct contact with algae were also compared. The results showed that at ambient temperature (27 °C), coculture with C. taxifolia reduced the growth rate and protein content of T. peltata by 57.7~65.5% and 37.2~49.0%, respectively, and significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Direct contact with C. taxifolia enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes further compared to coral exposed to algae. The density and chlorophyll a content of symbiotic zooxanthellae were not obviously influenced based on whether the coral T. peltata was cultured with C. taxifolia. When the temperature was increased by 3 °C, the growth rate of T. peltata decreased to the level of corals exposed to C. taxifolia at ambient temperature, whereas the same pattern was seen in the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, the density and chlorophyll a content of symbiotic zooxanthellae, as well as the feeding rate of coral, showed an evident decrease with increasing temperature. However, thermal stress was only shown in the feeding rate when T. peltata was in indirect contact with C. taxifolia. The interaction of macroalgae contact and thermal stress was evident in the growth rate, protein content, feeding rate and catalase activity (CAT) of coral compared to coral intact with algae under ambient temperature. These results indicated that the negative effects of the macroalgae C. taxifolia on the coral T. peltata are comparable to those of ocean warming, and the competition between corals and macroalgae may be more intense under thermal stress.