bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organotypic whole hemisphere brain slice models to study the effects of donor age and oxygen-glucose-deprivation on the extracellular properties of cortical and striatal tissue
Authors: McKenna Michael , Filteau Jeremy R. , Butler Brendan , Sluis Kenneth , Chungyoun Michael , Schimek Nels , Nance Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe brain extracellular environment is involved in many critical processes associated with neurodevelopment, neural function, and repair following injury. Organization of the extracellular matrix and properties of the extracellular space vary throughout development and across different brain regions, motivating the need for platforms that provide access to multiple brain regions at different stages of development. We demonstrate the utility of organotypic whole hemisphere brain slices as a platform to probe regional and developmental changes in the brain extracellular environment. We also leverage whole hemisphere brain slices to characterize the impact of cerebral ischemia on different regions of brain tissue.ResultsWhole hemisphere brain slices taken from postnatal (P) day 10 and P17 rats retained viable, metabolically active cells through 14 days in vitro (DIV). Oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD), used to model a cerebral ischemic event in vivo, resulted in reduced slice metabolic activity and elevated cell death, regardless of slice age. Slices from P10 and P17 brains showed an oligodendrocyte and microglia-driven proliferative response after OGD exposure, higher than the proliferative response seen in DIV-matched normal control slices. Multiple particle tracking in oxygen-glucose-deprived brain slices revealed that oxygen-glucose-deprivation impacts the extracellular environment of brain tissue differently depending on brain age and brain region. In most instances, the extracellular space was most difficult to navigate immediately following insult, then gradually provided less hindrance to extracellular nanoparticle diffusion as time progressed. However, changes in diffusion were not universal across all brain regions and ages.ConclusionsWe demonstrate whole hemisphere brain slices from P10 and P17 rats can be cultured up to two weeks in vitro. These brain slices provide a viable platform for studying both normal physiological processes and injury associated mechanisms with control over brain age and region. Ex vivo OGD impacted cortical and striatal brain tissue differently, aligning with preexisting data generated in in vivo models. These data motivate the need to account for both brain region and age when investigating mechanisms of injury and designing potential therapies for cerebral ischemia.
Fast detection, a precise and sensitive diagnostic agent for breast cancer
Authors: Wu Qiong , Yuan Chanling , Liu Ningzhi , Shu Jing , Wang Jiacheng , Qian Jiayi , Zeng Liang , Zhang Hao , Wang Xicheng , Mei Wenjie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer targeting diagnostic agent with effective imaging ability is important in guiding plan formulation, prediction, and curative effect evaluation of tumors in clinic. A tumor-targeting nanoprobe based on the functional and programmable Liquid–Liquid phase separation of AS1411 promoted by Ru(II) complex RuPEP may develop into a potential phosphorescence probe to detect breast cancer cells, where AS1411 act as a tumor-targeting guidance moiety to distinguish tumor cells from normal cells and RuPEP act as a light-emitting element to highlight breast cancer cells.

Methods
Here we designed and constructed a nanoprobe AS1411@RuPEP, and the physicochemical and biochemical properties were characterized by TEM, AFM and EDS. The breast cancer targeting diagnostic capacity was evaluated by normal/tumor cell co-culture assay, tumor cells targeting tracking in xenograft model and cancerous area selectively distinguishing in human patient tissue.

Results
Further studies indicated that the nanoprobe exhibits excellent tumor-targeting imaging ability in vitro and in vivo by effectively recognize the over-expressed nucleolin (NCL) on the breast cancer cells membrane. Intriguingly, we discovered that the selectively enrichment of nanoprobe particles in tumor cells is related to ATP-dependent NCL transport processes that rely on the AS1411 component of nanoprobe to recognize NCL. Furthermore, preferential accumulation of nanoprobe is clearly differentiating the human breast cancer tissue surrounding non-cancerous tissue in histological analysis.

Conclusion
This study produce a potent nanoprobe can be used as a convenient tool to highlight and distinguish tumor cells in vivo, and indicate the tumorous grading and staging in human breast cancer patient pathological section, which provides an effective way for breast cancer diagnostic imaging by targeting recognize NCL.
Outcomes in patients not conveyed by emergency medical services (EMS): a one-year prospective study
Authors: Höglund Erik , Schröder Agneta , Andersson-Hagiwara Magnus , Möller Margareta , Ohlsson-Nevo Emma 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The decision to not convey patients has become common in emergency medical services worldwide. A substantial proportion (12–51%) of the patients seen by emergency medical services are not conveyed by those services. The practice of non-conveyance is a result of the increasing and changing demands on the acute care system. Research focusing on the outcomes of the decision by emergency medical services to not convey patients is needed.

Aim
The aim was to describe outcomes (emergency department visits, admission to in-hospital intensive care units and mortality, all within seven days) and their association with the variables (sex, age, day of week, time of day, emergency signs and symptoms codes, triage level colour, and destination) for non-conveyed patients.

Methods
This was a prospective analytical study with consecutive inclusion of all patients not conveyed by emergency medical services. Patients were included between February 2016 and January 2017. The study was conducted in Region Örebro county, Sweden. The region consists of both rural and urban areas and has a population of approximately 295,000. The region had three ambulance departments that received approximately 30,000 assignments per year.

Results
The result showed that no patient received intensive care, and 18 (0.7%) patients died within seven days after the non-conveyance decision. Older age was associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation and death within seven days after a non-conveyance decision.

Conclusions
Based on the results of this one-year follow-up study, few patients compared to previous studies were admitted to the hospital, received intensive care or died within seven days. This study contributes insights that can be used to improve non-conveyance guidelines and minimise the risk of patient harm.
First Italian experience using the automated craniofacial gestalt analysis on a cohort of pediatric patients with multiple anomaly syndromes
Authors: Pascolini Giulia , Calvani Mauro , Grammatico Paola 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In this study, we used the novel DeepGestalt technology powered by Face2Gene (FDNA Inc., MA, USA) in suggesting a correct diagnosis based on the facial gestalt of well-known multiple anomaly syndromes. Only molecularly characterized pediatric patients were considered in the present research.

Subjects and methods
A total of 19 two-dimensional (2D) images of patients affected by several molecularly confirmed craniofacial syndromes (14 monogenic disorders and 5 chromosome diseases) and evaluated at the main involved Institution were analyzed using the Face2Gene CLINIC application (vs.19.1.3). Patients were cataloged into two main analysis groups (A, B) according to the number of clinical evaluations. Specifically, group A contained the patients evaluated more than one time, while in group B were comprised the subjects with a single clinical assesment. The algorithm’s reliability was measured based on its capacity to identify the correct diagnosis as top-1 match, within the top-10 match and top-30 matches, only based on the uploaded image and not any other clinical finding or HPO terms. Failure was represented by the top-0 match.

Results
The correct diagnosis was suggested respectively in 100% (8/8) and 81% (9/11) of cases of group A and B, globally failing in 16% (3/19).

Conclusion
The tested tool resulted to be useful in identifying the facial gestalt of a heterogeneous group of syndromic disorders.
This study illustrates the first Italian experience with the next generation phenotyping technology, following previous works and providing additional observations.
Total neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic minireview
Authors: Guida Andrea M. , Sensi Bruno , Formica Vincenzo , D’Angelillo Rolando M. , Roselli Mario , Del Vecchio Blanco Giovanna , Rossi Piero , Capolupo Gabriella T. , Caricato Marco , Sica Giuseppe S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractColorectal carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and indeed, rectal cancer accounting for approximately one third of newly diagnosed patients. Gold standard in the treatment of rectal cancer is a multimodality approach, aiming at a good control of the local disease. Distant recurrences are the major cause of mortality. Currently, Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC) patients undergo a combined treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, followed by surgery. Eventually, more chemotherapy, namely adjuvant chemotherapy (aCT), may be necessary. Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) is an emerging approach aimed to reduce distant metastases and improve local control. Several ongoing studies are analyzing whether this new approach could improve oncological outcomes. Published results were encouraging, but the heterogeneity of protocols in use, makes the comparison and interpretation of data rather complex. One of the major concerns regarding TNT administration is related to its effect on larger and more advanced cancers that might not undergo similar down-staging as smaller, early-stage tumors. This minireview, based on a systematic literature search of randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis, summarizes current knowledge on TNT. The aim was to confirm or refute whether or not current practice of TNT is based on relevant evidence, to establish the quality of that evidence, and to address any uncertainty or variation in practice that may be occurring. A tentative grouping of general study characteristics, clinical features and treatments characteristics has been undertaken to evaluate if the reported studies are sufficiently homogeneous in terms of subjects involved, interventions, and outcomes to provide a meaningful idea of which patients are more likely to gain from this treatment.
Evaluating the effectiveness of stepwise swallowing training on dysphagia in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Chenxin , Zhang Kun , Ye Junrong , Huang Xingxiao , Yang Hang , Yuan Lexin , Wang Haoyun , Wang Ting , Zhong Xiaomei , Guo Jianxiong , Yu Lin , Xiao Aixiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The high prevalence of dysphagia among Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients has become a public health and economic concern. Therefore, effective and accessible dysphagia treatments are needed. As a fundamental rehabilitation of dysphagia, swallowing muscle exercises have received increased attention. Stepwise swallowing training (SST), integrated with all swallowing organs movement, is expected to improve swallowing dysfunction among AD patients. By using a randomized controlled trial design, we propose a multi-center research to evaluate the effectiveness of SST program among AD patients.

Methods
A multi-center exploratory randomized controlled trial, with a 4-week follow-up period, will be conducted in three major public psychiatric hospitals in Guangdong, China. Participants in the control group will be assigned to routine dysphagia care, while participants in the intervention group will undergo the same nursing care and additionally receive the SST program. The SST program includes five sections of swallowing organs training: lip movement, facial movement, tongue movement, mandibular movement, and neck movement. Primary outcomes evaluate the swallowing function, namely, Water Swallowing Test (WTS) and Standard Swallowing Assessment (SSA). Secondary outcomes aim at measuring the improvement of negative impacts of dysphagia, namely eating behavior, ability of daily activity, and nutritional status. Data will be collected at baseline (T1), at 2 weeks (T2, intervention), and 4 weeks after intervention (T3, follow-up).

Discussion
This study will offer trial-based evidence of the effectiveness of SST in relieving dysphagia among AD patients. SST program is expected to improve both the swallowing function and reduce the negative impacts of dysphagia, with an exploration of acceptability in the SST program.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200056481. Prospectively registered on 6 February 2022.
Population genetic structure and phenotypic diversity of Aspidodera raillieti (Nematoda: Heterakoidea), a parasite of Didelphini marsupials in Brazil’s South and Southeast Atlantic Forest
Authors: Varella Karina , Vilela Roberto do Val , Gentile Rosana , Cardoso Thiago dos Santos , da Costa-Neto Sócrates Fraga , Maldonado Júnior Arnaldo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe population genetics of parasites may be influenced by host specificity, life cycle, host geographical range, evolutionary history, and host population structure. The nematodeAspidodera raillietiinfects different marsupial and rodent hosts in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, implying a gene flow among populations. However, niche diversification of the main hosts ofA. raillietiin superimposed areas may provide conditions for population genetic structuring within this parasite species. We examined the genetic structuring ofA. raillietiinfecting three marsupial species co-occurring along the South and Southeast Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a hotspot of biodiversity.MethodsWe employed morphometric analyses and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences (MT-CO1) to characterize populations via phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses.ResultsAmong 175A. raillietispecimens recovered from the marsupial hostsDidelphis aurita,D. albiventris, andPhilander quica, we identified 99 MT-CO1 haplotypes forming four haplogroups and four clades in networks and phylogenetic trees, respectively. Clades I and II encompassed parasites ofD. albiventrisfrom the South region, clade III comprised parasites ofD. auritafrom the South and Southeast regions, and clade IV encompassed parasites ofD. auritaandD. albiventrisfrom the South and Southeast regions and parasites ofP. quicafrom the South region. High genetic differentiation between clades, with a high fixation index and greater genetic variation in the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), indicated low gene flow between clades. Haplotypes shared among host species revealed a lack of host specificity. A significant correlation in the Mantel test suggested parasite isolation by distance, while there was no evidence of geographical structure between populations. Negative neutrality test values for clades III and IV suggested recent population expansion. Morphometric differentiation betweenA. raillietispecimens recovered from different host species, as well as from different localities, was more evident in males.ConclusionThe genetic structure ofA. raillietipopulations in the South and Southeast Atlantic Forest resulted from historical events rather than from current geographical distribution or host specificity. We also demonstrate morphometric variation associated with host species and localities, suggesting phenotypic plasticity to host attributes and to spatial variables.Graphical Abstract
Leishmania exposure in dogs from two endemic countries from New and Old Worlds (Brazil and Portugal): evaluation of three serological tests using Bayesian Latent Class Models
Authors: Maia Carla , Fraga Deborah Bittencourt Mothé , Cristóvão José , Borja Lairton Souza , da Silva Solcà Manuela , Campino Lenea , Veras Patrícia Sampaio Tavares , Gonçalves Luzia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Zoonotic leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is endemic in several countries of the Mediterranean Basin, Latin America, and Asia. Dogs are the main hosts and reservoirs of human infection. Thus, from a One Health perspective, early diagnosis of Leishmania infection in dogs is essential to control the dissemination of the parasite among other dogs and to humans. The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnosis accuracy of three serological tests to detect antibodies to Leishmania in dogs from two endemic settings using Bayesian latent class models (BLCM).

Methods
A total of 378 dogs from two Portuguese and Brazilian endemic areas of leishmaniosis (194 animals from Portugal and 184 from Brazil) were screened. Detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies was performed using two commercial ELISA (L. infantum IgG-ELISA® and EIE-LVC®) and a rapid immunochromatographic test (DPP-LVC®). Bayesian latent class models were used to estimate Leishmania infection prevalence, together with sensitivities and specificities of the three diagnostic tests, in the two dog populations simultaneously. Predictive values were also calculated. Credibility intervals (CI) were obtained, considering different types of prior information.

Results
A posterior median Leishmania seroprevalence of 13.4% (95% CI 9.0–18.7) and of 21.6% (15.0–28.3) was estimated to the Portuguese and Brazilian dog subpopulations, respectively. The Bayesian analysis indicated that all tests were highly specific (specificity above 90%), and that the DPP-LVC® was more sensitive (96.6%; 83.1–99.9) than both ELISAs in the Portuguese subpopulation, while in the Brazilian subpopulation, EIE-LVC® and L. infantum IgG-ELISA®, had the highest sensitivity (88.2%; 73.7–97.0) and specificity (98.7%; 95.1–99.9), respectively.

Conclusions
In general, the levels of diagnosis accuracy of the three serological tests to detect Leishmania antibodies assessed by BLCM indicate their utility in canine epidemiological studies. The same approach should be used to assess the performance of these techniques in the clinical management of infected and sick dogs using representative samples from the wide spectrum of clinical situations, namely from subclinical infection to manifest disease. The low positive predictive value of the serological tests used in the current protocol of the Brazilian Ministry of Health suggests that they should not be used individually and may not be sufficient to target reservoir-based control interventions.

Graphical Abstract
Laboratory breeding of two Phortica species (Diptera: Drosophilidae), vectors of the zoonotic eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda
Authors: Bernardini Ilaria , Poggi Cristiana , Manzi Sara , Bezerra-Santos Marcos Antonio , Beugnet Frédéric , Fourie Josephus , Otranto Domenico , Pombi Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Some species of drosophilid flies belonging to the genus Phortica feed on ocular secretions of mammals, acting as biological vectors of the zoonotic eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda. This study describes an effective breeding protocol of Phortica variegata and Phortica oldenbergi in insectary conditions.

Methods
Alive gravid flies of P. oldenbergi, P. variegata and Phortica semivirgo were field collected in wooded areas of Lazio region (Italy) and allowed to oviposit singularly to obtain isofamilies. Flies were maintained in ovipots (200 ml) with a plaster-covered bottom to maintain high humidity level inside. Adult feeding was guaranteed by fresh apples and a liquid dietary supplement containing sodium chloride and mucin proteins, while larval development was obtained by Drosophila-like agar feeding medium. The breeding performances of two media were compared: a standard one based on cornmeal flour and an enriched medium based on chestnut flour. All conditions were kept in a climatic chamber with a photoperiod of 14:10 h light:dark, 26 ± 2 °C and 80 ± 10% RH.

Results
From a total of 130 field-collected Phortica spp., three generations (i.e. F1 = 783, F2 = 109, F3 = 6) were obtained. Phortica oldenbergi was the species with highest breeding performance, being the only species reaching F3. Chestnut-based feeding medium allowed higher adult production and survival probability in both P. oldenbergi and P. variegata. Adult production/female was promising in both species (P. oldenbergi: 13.5 F1/f; P. variegata: 4.5 F1/f).

Conclusions
This standardized breeding protocol, based on controlled climatic parameters and fly densities, together with the introduction of an enriched chestnut-based feeding medium, allowed to investigate aspects of life history traits of Phortica spp. involved in the transmission of T. callipaeda. Obtaining F3 generation of these species for the first time paved the road for the establishment of stable colonies, an essential requirement for future studies on these vectors in controlled conditions.

Graphical abstract
Mediating role of sensory differences in the relationship between autistic traits and internalizing problems
Authors: Tsuji Yurika , Matsumoto Satoko , Saito Aya , Imaizumi Shu , Yamazaki Yoko , Kobayashi Tetsuyuki , Fujiwara Yoko , Omori Mika , Sugawara Masumi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSensory differences are related to the autistic traits, and previous studies have shown a positive correlation between sensory differences and internalizing problems. In this study, we hypothesized that sensory differences and suffering due to sensory differences mediates the relationships between autistic traits and internalizing problems.MethodsA total of 346 female Japanese university students completed questionnaires regarding their autistic traits, suffering due to sensory differences, and internalizing problems. Moreover, 114 participants completed a questionnaire related to sensory differences.ResultsAutistic traits were correlated with Low Registration and Sensation Avoiding. These sensory differences were also correlated with suffering due to sensory differences and internalizing problems. Moreover, path analysis indicated that the higher the suffering due to Low Registration and Sensation Avoiding was, the greater the internalizing problems in those who showed these sensory differences.ConclusionsFemale university students with serious suffering due to sensory differences may need support in managing their suffering and internalizing problems. Further research will help suggest support that these people require, at school and elsewhere.