bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the experiences of stigma in relation to social support among an Australian community cohort of people living with epilepsy
Authors: Coleman Honor , Peterson Chris L. , Walker Christine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe deleterious impact of stigma on the well‐being and quality of life of people living with epilepsy (PWE) is well known but given the social nature of stigma, it is important to understand what stigma means to PWE in different social contexts. To date, there are few qualitative studies on the experience of stigma for PWE in Australia and few studies examining social support as a possible mitigating factor. The current study set out to examine (i) PWE's own understanding of stigma, and (ii) whether social support could mitigate experiences of stigma. Stigma was conceptualised according to Scambler's idea of perceived stigma, or threat of discrimination, and internalised stigma. Three‐hundred and forty‐three surveys were received as part of the Australian Epilepsy Longitudinal Survey (AELS). The survey collected quantitative data on stigma and social support. Qualitative data was collected through free‐text responses to the question, “What does stigma mean to you?” Qualitative responses pointed to misunderstanding as a key aspect of stigma. Social support had a greater role in reducing internalised stigma as opposed to perceived stigma. The current study is one of the first to examine an Australian cohort of PWE's understanding of stigma and its relationship to social support.
Gravitational Analysis of Rotating Charged Black‐Hole‐Like Solution in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Gravity
Authors: Ali Riasat , Babar Rimsha , Asgher Muhammad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis work analyzes the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity of charged black hole solutions through Newman–Janis approach. The Hawking temperature for corresponding black hole is also computed. The solution depends upon rotation parameter a, black hole mass, charge and horizon. Moreover, the graphical behavior of temperature via event horizon to analyze the stability of black hole under the effects of rotation parameter is discussed. The graphs are plotted in the presence/absence of rotation parameter and charge. Furthermore, the Hawking temperature under gravity effects is studied by using the semi‐classical method. It is also observed that the maximum temperature at non‐zero horizon depicts the BH remnant. Finally, the logarithmic corrected entropy for given black hole is computed and the logarithmic corrected entropy under effects of rotation and correction parameter are studied.
Hochleistungsaerogelbeton – Optimierung, Tragverhalten, Festigkeit
Authors: Fickler Silvia , Heidrich Till , Welsch Torsten , Schnellenbach‐Held Martina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn [1] wurde über die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Konstruktionsleichtbetons auf der Basis von Silica‐Aerogelen, dem sogenannten Hochleistungsaerogelbeton (High Performance Aerogel Concrete, HPAC) berichtet. Neben hervorragenden Eigenschaften bezüglich des Brand‐ und Schallschutzes verfügt HPAC über eine sehr geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei relativ hoher Druckfestigkeit und ist daher für die Herstellung monolithischer Außenbauteile ohne zusätzliche Wärmedämmung geeignet. Um die Einsatzmöglichkeiten des neuen Werkstoffs in der Baupraxis zu erweitern, wurde dieser seit seiner Vorstellung im Jahr 2016 am Institut für Massivbau der Universität Duisburg‐Essen kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Dies betrifft zum einen die Optimierung des Werkstoffs hinsichtlich seines Schwindverhaltens und zum anderen die Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens unter Druck‐ und Zugbeanspruchung sowie die statistische Auswertung der Druckfestigkeit. Während der erste Aspekt insbesondere für die Herstellung bewehrter HPAC‐Bauteile relevant ist, bilden die Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten und die statistische Auswertung die Grundlage für wirklichkeitsnahe Berechnungen mithilfe der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode und die Ermittlung charakteristischer Festigkeiten. Nachfolgend wird über die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen berichtet.
100 Jahre Durchstanzen im Massivbau – Alles erforscht?
Authors: Ungermann Jan , Kalus Matthias , Claßen Martin , Hegger Josef 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlachdecken sind eine heute oft ausgeführte Konstruktionsform im Hoch‐ und Industriebau, die zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts erstmals angewendet wurde. Flachdecken ermöglichen vor allem flexibel und nachhaltig nutzbare Gebäudestrukturen, die maßgeblich zur Verlängerung der Gesamtnutzungsdauer beitragen. Das durch die punktförmige Lagerung verursachte Durchstanzversagen stellt in der Bemessung oftmals den entscheidenden Nachweis dar. Seit mehr als 100 Jahren ist daher eine Vielzahl experimenteller und numerischer Untersuchungen zum Durchstanzen durchgeführt worden. Hierbei lag der Fokus gleichermaßen auf dem Durchstanzen bei Flachdecken und Fundamenten, die im Vergleich durch ihre gedrungene Ausführung ohne günstig wirkende Plattenmembranwirkungen ein verändertes Tragverhalten aufweisen. In diesem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Meilensteine in der historischen Entwicklung punktförmig gelagerter Platten aufgezeigt und anschließend aktuelle Untersuchungen am Institut für Massivbau in Aachen vorgestellt. Dabei geht der Beitrag auch auf die Frage ein, ob trotz der langen Forschungshistorie immer noch wissenschaftlicher Forschungsbedarf besteht.
Metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides for overproduction of triacetic acid lactone
Authors: Cao Mingfeng , Tran Vinh G. , Qin Jiansong , Olson Andrew , Mishra Shekhar , Schultz John C. , Huang Chunshuai , Xie Dongming , Zhao Huimin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe plant‐sourced polyketide triacetic acid lactone (TAL) has been recognized as a promising platform chemical for the biorefinery industry. However, its practical application was rather limited due to low natural abundance and inefficient cell factories for biosynthesis. Here, we report the metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides for TAL overproduction. We first introduced a 2‐pyrone synthase gene from Gerbera hybrida (GhPS) into R. toruloides and investigated the effects of different carbon sources on TAL production. We then systematically employed a variety of metabolic engineering strategies to increase the flux of acetyl‐CoA by enhancing its biosynthetic pathways and disrupting its competing pathways. We found that overexpression of ATP‐citrate lyase (ACL1) improved TAL production by 45% compared to the GhPS overexpressing strain, and additional overexpression of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC1) further increased TAL production by 29%. Finally, we characterized the resulting strain I12‐ACL1‐ACC1 using fed‐batch bioreactor fermentation in glucose or oilcane juice medium with acetate supplementation and achieved a titer of 28 or 23 g/L TAL, respectively. This study demonstrates that R. toruloides is a promising host for the production of TAL and other acetyl‐CoA‐derived polyketides from low‐cost carbon sources.
Coupled versus decoupled visuomotor feedback: Differential frontoparietal activity during curved reach planning on simultaneous functional near‐infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography
Authors: Le Duc Trung , Ogawa Hiroki , Tsuyuhara Masato , Watanabe Kazuki , Watanabe Tatsunori , Ochi Ryosuke , Nishijo Hisao , Mihara Masahito , Fujita Naoto , Urakawa Susumu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionInteracting with the environment requires the planning and execution of reach‐to‐target movements along given reach trajectory paths. Human neural mechanisms for the motor planning of linear, or point‐to‐point, reaching movements are relatively well studied. However, the corresponding representations for curved and more complex reaching movements require further investigation. Additionally, the visual and proprioceptive feedback of hand positioning can be spatially and sequentially coupled in alignment (e.g., directly reaching for an object), termed coupled visuomotor feedback, or spatially decoupled (e.g., dragging the computer mouse forward to move the cursor upward), termed decoupled visuomotor feedback. During reach planning, visuomotor processing routes may differ across feedback types.MethodsWe investigated the involvement of the frontoparietal regions, including the superior parietal lobule (SPL), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), in curved reach planning under different feedback conditions. Participants engaged in two delayed‐response reaching tasks with identical starting and target position sets but different reach trajectory paths (linear or curved) under two feedback conditions (coupled or decoupled). Neural responses in frontoparietal regions were analyzed using a combination of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography.ResultsThe results revealed that, regarding the cue period, curved reach planning had a higher hemodynamic response in the left SPL and bilateral PMd and a smaller high‐beta power in the left parietal regions than linear reach planning. Regarding the delay period, higher hemodynamic responses during curved reach planning were observed in the right dlPFC for decoupled feedback than those for coupled feedback.ConclusionThese findings suggest the crucial involvement of both SPL and PMd activities in trajectory‐path processing for curved reach planning. Moreover, the dlPFC may be especially involved in the planning of curved reaching movements under decoupled feedback conditions. Thus, this study provides insight into the neural mechanisms underlying reaching function via different feedback conditions.
Improving disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment using novel bionic technologies
Authors: Manero Albert , Crawford Kaitlyn E. , Prock‐Gibbs Hannah , Shah Neel , Gandhi Deep , Coathup Melanie J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreased human life expectancy, due in part to improvements in infant and childhood survival, more active lifestyles, in combination with higher patient expectations for better health outcomes, is leading to an extensive change in the number, type and manner in which health conditions are treated. Over the next decades as the global population rapidly progresses toward a super‐aging society, meeting the long‐term quality of care needs is forecast to present a major healthcare challenge. The goal is to ensure longer periods of good health, a sustained sense of well‐being, with extended periods of activity, social engagement, and productivity. To accomplish these goals, multifunctionalized interfaces are an indispensable component of next generation medical technologies. The development of more sophisticated materials and devices as well as an improved understanding of human disease is forecast to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of conditions ranging from osteoarthritis to Alzheimer's disease and will impact disease prevention. This review examines emerging cutting‐edge bionic materials, devices and technologies developed to advance disease prevention, and medical care and treatment in our elderly population including developments in smart bandages, cochlear implants, and the increasing role of artificial intelligence and nanorobotics in medicine.
Blood vessel remodeling in late stage of vascular network reconstruction is essential for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Wang Gang , Lu Panjian , Qiao Pingping , Zhang Ping , Cai Xiaodong , Tang Leili , Qian Tianmei , Wang Hongkui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the bottlenecks of advanced study on tissue engineering in regenerative medicine is rapid and functional vascularization. For a deeper comprehension of vascularization, the exhaustive, dynamic, and three‐dimensional depiction of perfused vascular network reconstruction during peripheral nerve regeneration was performed using Micro‐CT scanning. The 10 mm defect of sciatic nerve in rat was bridged by the autologous or tissue engineered nerve. The blood vessel anastomosis between nerve stumps and autologous nerve accomplished at 4 days to 1 week after surgery, which was a sufficient basis for the mature vascular network re‐establishment. The stronger ability for sprouting angiogenesis and vascular remodeling of autologous nerve compared with tissue engineered nerve was revealed. However, common phases of vascularization in peripheral nerve regeneration were painted: hypoxic initiation, sprouting angiogenesis, and remodeling and maturation. The effect of less‐concerned vascular remodeling on nerve regeneration was further analyzed after nerve crush injury. The blockage of vascular remodeling in late stage by VEGF injection significantly inhibited axons and myelin sheaths regeneration, which attenuated the impulse conduction toward reinnervated muscles. It was illustrated that a large amount of immature blood vessels rather than necessary vascular remodeling elevated local inflammation level in nerve regeneration microenvironment. The figures inspired us to understand the close connections between vascularization and peripheral nerve regeneration from a broader dimension to achieve better constructions, regulations and repair effects of tissue engineered nerves in clinic.
Real‐world treatment patterns of metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Shenolikar Rahul , Liu Sizhu , Shah Anne , Tse Jenny , Cao Yao , Near Aimee 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKI) have been approved for first‐line (1L) treatment of EGFR‐mutated metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) in the United States (US). Real‐world analyses of 1L treatment patterns with EGFR TKIs, including the third‐generation EGFR TKI osimertinib which was most recently approved in 2018, are still sparse.MethodsThis retrospective observational study used data from IQVIA's prescription claims (LRx) and medical claims (Dx) databases. mNSCLC patients newly treated with any EGFR TKI in the 1L setting were identified from January 1, 2015 to April 30, 2020; the first date of EGFR TKI (third‐generation osimertinib, first‐generation [erlotinib, gefitinib], or second‐generation [afatinib, dacomitinib]) was the index date. Treatment patterns were reported in the cohorts stratified by 1L EGFR TKI.ResultsA total of 2505 patients were included in the study (982 osimertinib, 1060 first‐generation, and 463 second‐generation EGFR TKI). Beginning in 2018, osimertinib became the most common 1L EGFR TKI (66.7%) and in early 2020, it accounted for 90.6% of 1L EGFR TKIs. Nearly all patients (>97%) were treated with 1L EGFR TKI monotherapy. Patients with 1L osimertinib had longer treatment duration compared to patients with 1L first‐ or second‐generation EGFR TKI (median months: 17.8 vs. 8.7 vs. 10.5, respectively; log‐rank test for comparisons with osimertinib p < 0.0001) over median follow‐up times of 9.8, 20.5, and 19.3 months. 32.5% and 36.3% of the first‐ and second‐generation EGFR TKI cohorts, respectively, had evidence of 2L treatment. Osimertinib monotherapy accounted for the majority of 2L treatments (58.3%/60.7%) and 11.3%/8.9% had 2L chemotherapy or immuno‐oncology therapy following 1L first‐ or second‐generation EGFR TKI.ConclusionIn this real‐world study of a US claims database, 1L treatment duration was longer with osimertinib compared with other EGFR TKIs. Future studies with longer follow‐up are recommended to understand treatment patterns after progression on EGFR TKIs.
Oncogenic fusion transcript analysis identified ADAP1‐NOC4L, potentially associated with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Talebi Amin , Shahidsales Soodabeh , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Pezeshki Rad Masoud , Kerachian Mohammad Amin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeFusion transcripts are transcriptome‐mediated alterations involved in tumorigenesis and are considered as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. In metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC), fusion transcripts are rarely reported. The main challenge is to identify driver chimeras with a significant role in cancer progression.MethodsIn the present study, 86 RNA sequencing data samples were analyzed to discover driver fusion transcripts. Functional assays included clonogenic cell survival, wound‐healing, and transwell cell invasion. Quantitative expression analysis of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptotic regulators, and metastatic markers were examined for the candidate fusion genes. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed using patient overall survival (OS).ResultsA variety of driver fusions were identified. Fourteen fusion genes (51% of mCRC), each at least found in two mCRC samples, were determined as oncogenic fusion transcripts by in silico analysis of their functions. Among them, two recurrent chimeric transcripts confirmed by Sanger sequencing were selected. Positive expression of ADAP1‐NOC4L was significantly associated with an increased risk of poor OS in mCRC patients. In vitro transforming potential for the chimera, resulting from the fusion of ADAP1 and NOC4L was assessed. Overexpression of this fusion gene increased cell proliferation and enhanced migration and invasion of CRC cells. In addition, it significantly upregulated EMT and anti‐apoptotic markers.ConclusionsADAP1‐NOC4L transcript chimera, a driver chimera identified in this study, provides new insight into the underlying mechanisms involved in the development and spread of mCRC. It suggests the potential of RNA‐based alterations as novel targets for personalized medicine in clinical practice.
Accuracy of curability expectations in patients with gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv , Shin Paul , Knezevic Andrea , Nelson Judith E. , Romano Danielle R. , Bernal Camila , Desai Anjali V. , Epstein Andrew S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of illness and treatment understanding among cancer patients has largely focused on those with advanced disease. Less is known about patient expectations at earlier stages of cancer and potential modifiers of accurate understanding.MethodsWe assessed accuracy of cure expectations in patients across all stages with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Accuracy was determined by independent reviews of patient health records by oncologists on the investigative team. Impact on cure accuracy of selected clinical variables and health‐information preferences was analyzed.ResultsHundred and thirty five patients were included for analysis, with 100% interrater agreement for accuracy between oncologist reviewers. Sixety five patients (48%) had accurate cure expectations from their cancer treatment. Accuracy was lower in Stage IV versus Stage I–III disease (35% vs. 63%, p < 0.01), lower in unresectable versus resectable disease (35% vs. 67%, p < 0.01), and higher in patients with early‐stage disease who received adjuvant chemotherapy versus those who did not (78% vs. 53%, p = 0.04). Accuracy did not differ by health‐information preferences and remained stable over time. Of 63 patients who died, baseline accuracy differed by location of death (p = 0.03), with greater accuracy in those who died with home hospice (56%). Accuracy was lower in those who were hospitalized in the last 30 days of life versus those who were not (25% vs. 59%, p = 0.01).ConclusionsInaccurate cure expectations are prevalent across all stages of GI cancers, but particularly among those with metastatic or unresectable disease. High‐quality, iterative communication strategies may facilitate patient illness and treatment understanding throughout the disease course.
Intermediate Pyrolysis of Desert Date Shell for Conversion to High‐Quality Biomaterial Resources
Authors: Kabir Garba , Mohammed Isah Yakub , Abakr Yousif Abdalla , Hameed Bassim H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntermediate pyrolysis on desert date (Balanites aegyptiacus) shell (BAS) was accomplished for the first time to authenticate the biomass potential for producing quality biomaterials such as bio‐oil and biochar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) were employed to examine the compositions of the resultant bio‐oil. The FTIR spectrum revealed the functional groups of oxygenated compounds like aldehydes, alcohols, phenolics, acids, and esters in the bio‐oil. GC‐MS confirmed that the bio‐oil has diverse compositions of oxygenated compounds rich in acids, phenolics, and benzene derivatives. From the ultimate analysis, the bio‐oil had a higher carbon content and a lower oxygen content than the corresponding BAS sample. The calorific values, by comparison, were higher than that of the BAS sample but lower than for fossil fuels. The favorable outcomes from the characters of the bio‐oil and biochar suggested that BAS can be an attractive feedstock to produce high‐value biomaterials.
Optimizing NH4+ Storage Capability of Nickel Ferrocyanide by Regulating Coordination Anion in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Yu Haoxiang , Fan Leiyu , Yan Huihui , Deng Chenchen , Yan Lei , Shu Jie , Wang Zhen‐Bo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWill anions in electrolytes affect the electrochemical properties of Prussian blue analogues for aqueous ammonium ion batteries? In this study, the electrochemical reaction between nickel ferrocyanide and ammonium ions is investigated in three common inorganic ammonium salt solutions [NH4NO3, NH4Cl, and (NH4)2SO4]. The results suggest that at the same NH4+ concentration, nickel ferrocyanide exhibits different electrochemical performances. The as‐prepared nickel ferrocyanide contains two phases, which are rhombohedral phase and cubic phase. Rhombohedral phase of nickel ferrocyanide has a high reactivity in 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4 solution during cycling while cubic phase shows good performance in 1 M NH4NO3 and 1 M NH4Cl electrolyte. It should be noted that the performance of cubic phase is superior to rhombohedral phase in kinetic consideration. Additionally, due to the strong coordination ability of chloride, nickel ferrocyanide exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance in 1 M NH4NO3 solution, rather than 1 M NH4Cl electrolyte.
Upcycling of spent LiCoO2 cathodes via nickel‐ and manganese‐doping
Authors: Zhang Nianji , Deng Wenjing , Xu Zhixiao , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDirect recycling has been regarded as one of the most promising approaches to dealing with the increasing amount of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the current direct recycling method remains insufficient to regenerate outdated cathodes to meet current industry needs as it only aims at recovering the structure and composition of degraded cathodes. Herein, a nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) co‐doping strategy has been adopted to enhance LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode for next‐generation high‐performance LIBs through a conventional hydrothermal treatment combined with short annealing approach. Unlike direct recycling methods that make no changes to the chemical composition of cathodes, the unique upcycling process fabricates a series of cathodes doped with different contents of Ni and Mn. The regenerated LCO cathode with 5% doping delivers excellent electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 160.23 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C and capacity retention of 91.2% after 100 cycles, considerably surpassing those of the pristine one (124.05 mAh g−1 and 89.05%). All results indicate the feasibility of such Ni–Mn co‐doping‐enabled upcycling on regenerating LCO cathodes.