bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise
Authors: Chaillou Thomas , Treigyte Viktorija , Mosely Sarah , Brazaitis Marius , Venckunas Tomas , Cheng Arthur J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe application of post-exercise cooling (e.g., cold water immersion) and post-exercise heating has become a popular intervention which is assumed to increase functional recovery and may improve chronic training adaptations. However, the effectiveness of such post-exercise temperature manipulations remains uncertain. The aim of this comprehensive review was to analyze the effects of post-exercise cooling and post-exercise heating on neuromuscular function (maximal strength and power), fatigue resistance, exercise performance, and training adaptations. We focused on three exercise types (resistance, endurance and sprint exercises) and included studies investigating (1) the early recovery phase, (2) the late recovery phase, and (3) repeated application of the treatment. We identified that the primary benefit of cooling was in the early recovery phase (< 1 h post-exercise) in improving fatigue resistance in hot ambient conditions following endurance exercise and possibly enhancing the recovery of maximal strength following resistance exercise. The primary negative impact of cooling was with chronic exposure which impaired strength adaptations and decreased fatigue resistance following resistance training intervention (12 weeks and 4–12 weeks, respectively). In the early recovery phase, cooling could also impair sprint performance following sprint exercise and could possibly reduce neuromuscular function immediately after endurance exercise. Generally, no benefits of acute cooling were observed during the 24–72-h recovery period following resistance and endurance exercises, while it could have some benefits on the recovery of neuromuscular function during the 24–48-h recovery period following sprint exercise. Most studies indicated that chronic cooling does not affect endurance training adaptations following 4–6 week training intervention. We identified limited data employing heating as a recovery intervention, but some indications suggest promise in its application to endurance and sprint exercise.
Flexibility and resistance exercises versus usual care for improving pain and function after distal radius fracture in adults aged 50 years or over: protocol for the WISE randomised multicentre feasibility trial
Authors: Keene David J. , Srikesavan Cynthia , Achten Juul , Tutton Elizabeth , Dutton Susan J. , Marian Ioana R. , Grant Richard , Gould Jenny , Herbert Kate , Athwal Amrita , Appelbe Duncan , Lamb Sarah E. , Costa Matthew L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Distal radius fractures represent about 1 in 5 of all fractures treated in UK hospitals. Most distal radius fractures occur in women aged 50 years or over after a fall. Distal radius fractures are managed using splints or casting, some are also treated with surgical fixation. Patients often experience long-term muscle weakness of the hand and arm that may impact their ability to do daily activities such as personal hygiene, routine household chores and food preparation. We propose a structured and tailored flexibility and resistance exercise programme for the hand and arm supplemented with behaviour change strategies to help perform daily exercise. The main aim of our study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial.

Methods
This study is a multicentre, parallel-group individually randomised feasibility trial. We will recruit a minimum of 72 adults aged 50 years or over with distal radius fracture treated surgically or non-surgically from at least three UK National Health Service (NHS) hospitals. They will be randomised 1:1:1 to receive usual care, usual care and independent exercise with a single therapy session or usual care and supervised exercise with three therapy sessions over 12 weeks. Our primary feasibility objectives are (1) patient engagement assessed by recruitment, (2) acceptability of the interventions assessed by adherence and patient and clinician experience and (3) retention of participants in the trial. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, 3 months and at 6 months after randomisation. A qualitative sub-study will explore the experiences of the trial participants and therapists delivering the exercises.

Discussion
A definitive trial will be considered feasible without major modifications if our progression criteria are met. If successful, the findings will inform the design of a future definitive RCT to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the WISE exercise programme.

Trial registration
ISRCTN12290145.
A review on silver-mediated DNA base pairs: methodology and application
Authors: Sun Qiao , Xie Xiao , Song Yujie , Sun Litao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The investigation of the interaction between metal ions and DNA has always attracted much attention in the fields of bioinorganic chemistry, supramolecular coordination chemistry, and DNA nanotechnology. Its mode of action can be simply divided into two aspects. On the one hand, it is non-specific electrostatic adsorption, mainly including Na
+
, K
+
, Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
and other physiologically regulating ions; on the other hand, it is specific covalent binding, such as Pt
2+
, Hg
2+
, Ag
+
and other heavy metal ions. This article focuses on the mechanism of action between Ag
+
and DNA mismatch pair C-C, and summarizes its main characterization methods and various applications. It aims to provide a certain reference for the field of biological devices. With the development of cryo-electron microscopy and liquidcell TEM, the structure of C-Ag
+
-C is expected to be further characterized, which will be more widely used.
Tracking market and non-traditional sources of risks in procyclical and countercyclical hedge fund strategies under extreme scenarios: a nonlinear VAR approach
Authors: Racicot François-Éric , Théoret Raymond 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe subprime crisis was quite damaging for hedge funds. Using the local projection method (Jordà 2004, 2005, 2009), we forecast the dynamic responses of the betas of hedge fund strategies to macroeconomic and financial shocks—especially volatility and illiquidity shocks—over the subprime crisis in order to investigate their market timing activities. In a robustness check, using TVAR (Balke 2000), we simulate the reaction of hedge fund strategies’ betas in extreme scenarios allowing moderate and strong adverse shocks. Our results show that the behavior of hedge fund strategies regarding the monitoring of systematic risk is highly nonlinear in extreme scenarios—especially during the subprime crisis. We find that countercyclical strategies have an investment technology which differs from procyclical ones. During crises, the former seek to capture non-traditional risk premia by deliberately increasing their systematic risk while the later focus more on minimizing risk. Our results suggest that the hedge fund strategies’ betas respond more to illiquidity uncertainty than to illiquidity risk during crises. We find that illiquidity and VIX shocks are the major drivers of systemic risk in the hedge fund industry.
The witching week of herding on bitcoin exchanges
Authors: Blasco N. , Corredor P. , Satrústegui N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the herding behaviour among exchanges around the expiration of bitcoin futures traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). The database extends from December 2017 to October 2020, taking as a reference the main exchanges that trade bitcoin (Binance, Bitfinex, Bitstamp, Coinbase, itBit, Kraken, and Gemini) and using hourly closing prices and trading volumes in bitcoin and US dollars. Adapting the proposal of Chang, Cheng and Khorana (2000) (CCK) to test conditional herding, we obtain results that indicate that the herding effect is significant during the week before expiration. After expiration, the herding effect lasts for a few hours and disappears. Information overload originating, among other causes, from sophisticated investors’ strategies may generate this mimetic behaviour. The results show the relevance of intraday data applied to specific events such as expiration since the unconditional analysis shows, in general, anti-herding behaviour throughout the period of study.
Constant-depth circuits for dynamic simulations of materials on quantum computers
Authors: Bassman Oftelie Lindsay , Van Beeumen Roel , Younis Ed , Smith Ethan , Iancu Costin , de Jong Wibe A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDynamic simulation of materials is a promising application for near-term quantum computers. Current algorithms for Hamiltonian simulation, however, produce circuits that grow in depth with increasing simulation time, limiting feasible simulations to short-time dynamics. Here, we present a method for generating circuits that are constant in depth with increasing simulation time for a specific subset of one-dimensional (1D) materials Hamiltonians, thereby enabling simulations out to arbitrarily long times. Furthermore, by removing the effective limit on the number of feasibly simulatable time-steps, the constant-depth circuits enable Trotter error to be made negligibly small by allowing simulations to be broken into arbitrarily many time-steps. For an N-spin system, the constant-depth circuit contains only $\mathcal {O}(N^{2})$
O
(

N

2

)
CNOT gates. Such compact circuits enable us to successfully execute long-time dynamic simulation of ubiquitous models, such as the transverse field Ising and XY models, on current quantum hardware for systems of up to 5 qubits without the need for complex error mitigation techniques. Aside from enabling long-time dynamic simulations with minimal Trotter error for a specific subset of 1D Hamiltonians, our constant-depth circuits can advance materials simulations on quantum computers more broadly in a number of indirect ways.
Influence of hydroethanolic extract of Cassia spectabilis leaves on diclofenac-induced oxidative stress and hepatorenal damage in Wistar rats
Authors: Ogbe Raphael John , Luka Carrol Domkat , Adoga Godwin Ichekanu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe medicinal potential of plant extracts for the management of liver and kidney disorders in humans has been harnessed for the past several centuries. However, the abundant plant resources have not been fully investigated, thus this study was initiated to evaluate the influence ofCassia spectabilisleaves extract (CSE) on diclofenac-induced oxidative stress and hepatorenal damage in Wistar rats. The rats in the 1st group were injected with normal saline, and rats in the 2nd group were injected with diclofenac sodium (DF) by intramuscular route. Rats in the 3rd to 5th groups were treated with graded doses of CSE by oral gavages, and injected with DF. The serum markers of oxidative stress and hepatorenal damage in rats were estimated by biochemical assays. In addition, histological examinations of liver and kidney tissues were evaluated.ResultsThere was significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of total bilirubin, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium ions, and MDA of rats injected with DF when compared with normal control. The treatment of DF-injected rats with CSE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of these markers of hepatorenal damage in rats when compared with DF control. There was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, sodium ions, proteins and G6Pase after injection of rats with DF when compared with normal control. However, treatment of DF-injected rats with CSE significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of these markers of antioxidant status and oxidative damage in hepatorenal tissues of rats when compared with DF control. The photomicrographs of hepatorenal tissues showed structural features which corroborated our biochemical findings in this study.ConclusionThe findings of this study have shown that CSE may have protective effect against DF-induced oxidative stress and hepatorenal damage in Wistar rats. Thus, the medicinal potential of this plant leaves extract may be harnessed for the development of phytotherapeutic products.
Scintillating scotoma following optic nerve compression caused by an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Matsuda Megumi , Murahashi Takeo , Nakagaki Yusuke , Endo Hideki , Nakagaki Youichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Scintillating scotoma caused by optic nerve compression by aneurysm is rare. We report a case of scintillating scotoma following optic nerve compression caused by an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old woman visited our department with a scintillating scotoma. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no new lesions, although her previously diagnosed anterior communicating artery aneurysm had increased in size. Thus, we performed neck clipping. The operative view showed that the aneurysm compressed the right optic nerve. Her symptoms disappeared after the operation. These findings suggest that scintillating scotoma may be caused by compression of the optic nerve by the anterior communicating artery aneurysm.

Conclusion
Although scintillating scotoma is a common condition, aneurysms should be considered as a potential cause.
The potential for successful climate policy in National Energy and climate plans: highlighting key gaps and ways forward
Authors: Williges Keith , Van der Gaast Wytze , de Bruyn-Szendrei Krisztina , Tuerk Andreas , Bachner Gabriel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The EU “Winter Package” sets out specific energy and climate goals and urged formation of National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) by Member States for 2020 to 2030. Integrating scaled-up mitigation technologies within existing economic and social structures face numerous difficulties and require careful planning. While some options may be less suitable than others within a given country context, solutions exist to mitigate negative impacts and build local acceptance. We assess the resulting plans in the context of: (i) economic effects, the trade-offs arising from scaled-up technologies in terms of energy system- and macroeconomic effects; (ii) climate effectiveness, via assessment of carbon payback times of technologies, and (iii) social aspects, with a focus on identifying approaches for wider social adoption and acceptance of mitigation options. Assessment takes the form of case studies for Greece, Austria, and the Netherlands, three EU member states with very different preconditions.

Results
In terms of economic efficiency, NECPs lack consideration of the unique properties inherent in large-scale renewable energy deployment, and we suggest a possible way forward for future macroeconomic assessment via incorporating integration costs. For economic efficiency, we find that countries may be overestimating their contributions to GHG reduction targets via failure to incorporate life-cycle based analysis. Addressing feasibility, we find that countries address acceptance to different extents, with Greece and Austria holding stakeholder workshops and allowing for public comment on draft NECPs, while the Netherlands undertook a more extensive effort to ensure local public acceptance and involvement in planning.

Conclusions
The results illustrate that even though NECPs may be finalized, their success is far from ensured, and neglecting to consider key aspects of efficiency, effectiveness and feasibility may result in underestimation of impacts, failure to have as large an impact on GHG reduction as expected, or increasing public resistance to climate policies. We present approaches to deal with gaps in economic and environmental assessment, and highlight methods for improving public acceptance via examples from the case studies and related literature.
Comparing opioid free general anesthesia to traditional balanced general anesthesia regarding achievement of enhanced recovery in laparoscopic bariatric surgeries
Authors: Soudi Abdallah M. , Hammad Raafat Abdelazim , ElShafie Mohamed Anwar , Ahmed Ibrahim Mohammed Al Sayed , Alhadidy Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Opioids have historically been a first-line therapy for surgical pain control. They were considered optimum and the mainstay of balanced anesthesia, but recently, concerns about their side effects have been raised. The concept of opioid free anesthesia (OFA) was introduced to provide a safer alternative that would provide benefits as well as enhance recovery after surgery.

Results
Sixty patients were enrolled in the study, 30 patients in each group. The two groups, TBA and OFA, were comparable in demographic data (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), lean body weight (LBW)) and duration of surgery. The TBA group showed a statistically significant reduction in the time needed for extubation (P value 0.018) and reaching an Aldrete score of 9 (P value 0.02). There was a significant decrease in pain scores, and nalbuphine consumption in the OFA group that extended to 24 h post-operative.

Conclusions
OFA has a better profile than TBA with regard to post-operative pain score and opioid consumption post-operative, but they have a relative increase in time to extubation and time to reach an Aldrete score of 9.
Impacts of endocrine disruptors on reproductive health in the era of increased personal care and beauty products usage
Authors: Asori Moses , Odei Julius , Katey Daniel , Abuosi Truus Apoanaba , Gyasi Razak M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Endocrine disruptors originate from multiple sources making their health impacts enormously complex. This study systematically synthesizes the sources, exposure, and effects of personal care products on reproductive health.

Main body
The PRISMA and Meta-Analyses frameworks were used to review and present integrated evidence. The literature search was undertaken in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. All studies that focused on the sources, exposure pathways, and reproductive health impact of endocrine disruptors were included in the final review. Although the review included articles published from 2000 to 2021, most studies were conducted between the years 2010 and 2020. There was great variability in terms of studies conducted in individual countries, of which 34.4% were published in the USA. The review found that endocrine disruptors abound in the environment and their impact on females and males’ reproduction are profound. Phthalates, Bisphenol A, MXC, and Dioxins were widely studied EDCs as determiner of reproductive health. Crucially, the human body concentration of these EDCs varies between people of diverse backgrounds.

Conclusion
While the bodily concentration of these EDCs is higher, it varies greatly among different groups of people. Respective governments and NGOs should provide the needed funding for research on personal care products and EDCs. Moreover, individual and spatial heterogeneity should be considered in the risk assessment of these chemicals.
Effects of co-incubation of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages on leptin production by 3T3-L1 adipocytes: a method for co-incubating distinct adipose tissue cell lines
Authors: Caldari-Torres Cristina , Beck Jordan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ capable of releasing inflammatory adipokines that are linked to changes occurring in the overfed state, where tissue remodeling results in hypertrophic adipocytes that recruit monocytes to infiltrate the tissue and take on an inflammatory phenotype. Increases in macrophage-specific inflammatory mediator levels contribute to the inflamed state and worsen the inflammatory loop between the macrophages and adipocytes. Although most inflammatory adipokines are released by macrophages, adipocytes can also release immunomodulatory adipokines, such as leptin. The objective of this research was to determine if co-incubation of activated macrophages with mature adipocytes, using transwell inserts, affected adipocyte leptin release. We also examined if there were differences in levels of cell-secreted products quantified in cell-conditioned media collected from macrophage-containing (transwell insert) and adipocyte-containing (well) compartments.

Methods
Mature adipocytes were co-incubated with control and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated (0.01 mg/ml) murine macrophages, and nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and leptin levels were quantified in the cell-conditioned media from both compartments.

Results
Activation status of the macrophages did not affect leptin release by the adipocytes. We observed higher amounts of leptin in wells compared to transwells. Nitric oxide and interleukin-6 levels were similar between transwells and wells, suggesting that these adipokines travel through the transwell inserts and are reaching equilibrium between the two compartments.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that co-incubating activated macrophages and adipocytes using transwell inserts can result in distinct microenvironments in the different cellular compartments and that separate sampling of these compartments is required to detect the subtle signaling dynamics that exist between these cells.
Thwarted visions of change: power and demographics in repair cafes and urban sustainability transitions
Authors: Schägg Elena , Becker Stefanie L. , Pradhan Prajal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSustainability initiatives, such as Repair Cafes, are sites of niche innovations with the potential to contribute to an urban sustainability transition. Using the multi-level perspective as a framework, we explore the visions of change of 12 Repair Cafes in Berlin to understand how the members believe the movement can effect change. We explore the dynamics and demographics of the different user groups within the Repair Cafes to understand who has a voice within them. We found that Repair Cafes have two main visions of change which ask for mass participation. However, we also found that latent discrimination by ‘expert’ technician volunteers discourages the involvement of women and lower social classes. This knowledge that Repair Cafes are inconsistent in their purported visions of change and their practices has repercussions for their role in urban sustainability transitions.