bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worsening glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes during COVID-19
Authors: Bharill Sonum , Lin Tyger , Arking Alexander , Brown Elizabeth A. , West Margaret , Busin Kelly , Magge Sheela N. , Wolf Risa M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected minority and lower socioeconomic populations, who also have higher rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The impact of virtual school, decreased activity level, and worsening food insecurity on pediatric T2D is unknown. The goal of this study was to evaluate weight trends and glycemic control in youth with existing T2D during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA retrospective study of youth &lt;21 years of age diagnosed with T2D prior to March 11, 2020 was conducted at an academic pediatric diabetes center to compare glycemic control, weight, and BMI in the year prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2019-2020) to during COVID-19 (March 2020-2021). Paired t-tests and linear mixed effects models were used to analyze changes during this period.ResultsA total of 63 youth with T2D were included (median age 15.0 (IQR 14-16) years, 59% female, 74.6% black, 14.3% Hispanic, 77.8% with Medicaid insurance). Median duration of diabetes was 0.8 (IQR 0.2-2.0) years. There was no difference in weight or BMI from the pre-COVID-19 period compared to during COVID-19 (Weight: 101.5 v 102.9 kg, p=0.18; BMI: 36.0 v 36.1 kg/m2, p=0.72). Hemoglobin A1c significantly increased during COVID-19 (7.6% vs 8.6%, p=0.0002)ConclusionWhile hemoglobin A1c increased significantly in youth with T2D during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no significant change in weight or BMI possibly due to glucosuria associated with hyperglycemia. Youth with T2D are at high risk for diabetes complications, and the worsening glycemic control in this population highlights the need to prioritize close follow-up and disease management to prevent further metabolic decompensation.
Synthesis of C7/C8-cyclitols and C7N-aminocyclitols from maltose and X-ray crystal structure of Streptomyces coelicolor GlgEI V279S in a complex with an amylostatin GXG–like derivative
Authors: Thanvi Radhika , Jayasinghe Thilina D. , Kapil Sunayana , Obadawo Babatunde Samuel , Ronning Donald R. , Sucheck Steven J. 
Published: September 2022

C7/C8-cyclitols and C7N-aminocyclitols find applications in the pharmaceutical sector as α-glucosidase inhibitors and in the agricultural sector as fungicides and insecticides. In this study, we identified C7/C8-cyclitols and C7N-aminocyclitols as potential inhibitors of Streptomyces coelicolor (Sco) GlgEI-V279S based on the docking scores. The protein and the ligand (targets 11, 12, and 13) were prepared, the states were generated at pH 7.0 ± 2.0, and the ligands were docked into the active sites of the receptor via Glide™. The synthetic route to these targets was similar to our previously reported route used to obtain 4-⍺-glucoside of valienamine (AGV), except the protecting group for target 12 was a p-bromobenzyl (PBB) ether to preserve the alkene upon deprotection. While compounds 11–13 did not inhibit Sco GlgEI-V279S at the concentrations evaluated, an X-ray crystal structure of the Sco GlgE1-V279S/13 complex was solved to a resolution of 2.73 Å. This structure allowed assessment differences and commonality with our previously reported inhibitors and was useful for identifying enzyme–compound interactions that may be important for future inhibitor development. The Asp 394 nucleophile formed a bidentate hydrogen bond interaction with the exocyclic oxygen atoms (C(3)-OH and C(7)-OH) similar to the observed interactions with the Sco GlgEI-V279S in a complex with AGV (PDB:7MGY). In addition, the data suggest replacing the cyclohexyl group with more isosteric and hydrogen bond–donating groups to increase binding interactions in the + 1 binding site.
Bile reflux alters the profile of the gastric mucosa microbiota
Authors: Huang Gang , Wang Sui , Wang Juexin , Tian Lin , Yu Yanbo , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundBile reflux can cause inflammation, gastric mucosa atrophy, and diseases such as stomach cancer. Alkaline bile flowing back into the stomach affects the intragastric environment and can alter the gastric bacterial community. We sought to identify the characteristics of the stomach mucosal microbiota in patients with bile reflux.MethodsGastric mucosal samples were collected from 52 and 40 chronic gastritis patients with and without bile reflux, respectively. The bacterial profile was determined using 16S rRNA gene analysis.ResultsIn the absence of H. pylori infection, the richness (based on the Sobs and Chao1 indices; P &lt;0.05) and diversity (based on Shannon indices; P &lt;0.05) of gastric mucosa microbiota were higher in patients with bile reflux patients than in those without. There was a marked difference in the microbiota structure between patients with and without bile reflux (ANOSIM, R=0.058, P=0.011). While the genera, Comamonas, Halomonas, Bradymonas, Pseudomonas, Marinobacter, Arthrobacter, and Shewanella were enriched in patients with bile reflux, the genera, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, and Subdoligranulum, were enriched in those without bile reflux.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that bile reflux significantly alters the composition of the gastric microbiota.
Identification of key genes and mechanisms of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with diabetes through bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Yang Huiping , Xiong Bingquan , Xiong Tianhua , Wang Dinghui , Yu Wenlong , Liu Bin , She Qiang 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundIn recent years, peri-organ fat has emerged as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) transcriptome expression differences between diabetic and non-diabetic participants and explored the possible mechanisms using various bioinformatic tools.MethodsRNA-seq datasets GSE108971 and GSE179455 for EAT between diabetic and non-diabetic patients were obtained from the public functional genomics database Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the R package DESeq2, then Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were analyzed. Next, a PPI (protein–protein interaction) network was constructed, and hub genes were mined using STRING and Cytoscape. Additionally, CIBERSORT was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration, and key transcription factors were predicted based on ChEA3.ResultsBy comparing EAT samples between diabetic and non-diabetic patients, a total of 238 DEGs were identified, including 161 upregulated genes and 77 downregulated genes. A total of 10 genes (IL-1β, CD274, PDCD1, ITGAX, PRDM1, LAG3, TNFRSF18, CCL20, IL1RN, and SPP1) were selected as hub genes. GO and KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the inflammatory response and cytokine activity. Immune cell infiltration analysis indicated that macrophage M2 and T cells CD4 memory resting accounted for the largest proportion of these immune cells. CSRNP1, RELB, NFKB2, SNAI1, and FOSB were detected as potential transcription factors.ConclusionComprehensive bioinformatic analysis was used to compare the difference in EAT between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Several hub genes, transcription factors, and immune cell infiltration were identified. Diabetic EAT is significantly different in the inflammatory response and cytokine activity. These findings may provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, as well as reduce potential cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients through EAT modification.
Staged revascularization vs. culprit-only percutaneous coronary intervention for multivessel disease in elderly patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Lang Jiachun , Wang Chen , Wang Le , Zhang Jingxia , Hu Yuecheng , Sun Huajun , Cong Hongliang , Liu Yin 
Published: September 2022

Backgroundand objectiveStudies have highlighted the significant role of staged percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for a multivessel disease (MVD) among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the relative benefit of staged vs. culprit-only PCI for MVD in elderly patients with STEMI remains undetermined. Thus, the present study compared the clinical outcomes of staged and culprit-only PCI in this cohort.MethodsFrom January 2014 to September 2019, 617 patients aged ≥65 years with STEMI and MVD who underwent primary PCI of the culprit vessels within 12 h of symptom onset were enrolled. They were then categorized into the staged and culprit-only PCI groups according to intervention strategy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to adjust for confounding factors between groups. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and ischemia-driven revascularization.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 56 months, 209 patients experienced MACCE and 119 died. Staged revascularization was associated with a lower risk of MACCE, all-cause death, and cardiac death than culprit-only PCI in both overall patients and the PSM cohorts. In contrast, there was no significant difference in stroke or ischemia-driven revascularization. Moreover, on multivariate Cox regression analysis, staged PCI was a significant predictor of a lower incidence of MACCE and all-cause death.ConclusionIn elderly patients with STEMI and MVD, staged PCI is superior to culprit-only PCI.
Hydrocarbon accumulation model influenced by “three elements (source-storage-preservation)” in lacustrine shale reservoir-A case study of Chang 7 shale in Yan’an area, Ordos Basin
Authors: Wang Xiangzeng , Liang Quansheng , Gao Chao , Xue Pei , Yin Jintao , Hao Shiyan 
Published: September 2022

The organic-rich shales of the Chang 7 Member in the Yan’an Formation of the Yan’an area, Ordos Basin is a hot spot for lacustrine shale gas exploration. In this paper, taking the Chang 7 Member shale in the Yan’an area as an example, the main controlling factors of lacustrine shale gas accumulation and the prediction of “sweet spots” are systematically carried out. The results show that the Yanchang Formation shale has the complete gas generating conditions. Shale gas accumulation requires three necessary accumulation elements, namely gas source, reservoir and good preservation conditions. The dynamic hydrocarbon generation process of the Chang 7 shale reservoirs is established according to the thermal simulation experiments of hydrocarbon generation, and the mechanism of catalytic degradation and gas generation in the Chang 7 Member under the background of low thermal evolution degree is revealed. The enriched authigenic pyrite can catalyze the hydrocarbon generation of organic matter with low activation energy, thereby increasing the hydrocarbon generation rates in the low-mature-mature stage. Different types of pores at different scales (2–100 nm) form a multi-scale complex pore network. Free gas and dissolved gas are enriched in laminar micro-scale pores, and adsorbed gas is enriched in nano-scale pores of thick shales, and silty laminates can improve the physical properties of the reservoir. This is because the laminar structure has better hydrocarbon generation conditions and is favorable for the migration of oil and gas molecules. The thickness of the lacustrine shale in the Chang 7 Member is between 40 and 120 m, which has exceeded the effective hydrocarbon expulsion thickness limit (8–12 m). At the end of the Early Cretaceous, the excess pressure of the Chang 7 shale was above 3 MPa. At present, horizontal wells with a daily gas production of more than 50,000 cubic meters are distributed in areas with high excess pressures during the maximum burial depth.
Geological evaluation and gas bearing analysis for shale reservoir in Ziyun-Luodian typical area of southern Guizhou province, China
Authors: Wang Keying , Cai Ningbo , Du Jiang , Gong Shuhua , Li Yan 
Published: September 2022

The Ziyun-Luodian area of southern Guizhou province in China is chosen as the research area and the Dawuba formation in Carboniferous system is the target stratum in this paper. Combined with laboratory experiments and mathematical analyses, geological evaluations on organic geochemistry, physical property of the reservoir, and gas bearing feature are all studied, and geological controls on gas occurrence are then analyzed. The following conclusions are achieved. The organic type is mainly II2 or III. TOC is generally in a range of 1%–3%, and Ro,max ranges from 1.7% to 4.4%, with an average value of 2.4%. Mineral compositions are mainly clay and quartz, with a few calcite and dolomite. The Specific surface area ranges from 6.6 to 29.8 m2/g, with an average value of 15.2 m2/g, and the pore volume varies from 0.012 to 0.046 cm3/g, with an average value of about 0.02 cm3/g. There is a strongly and positively linear relationship between specific surface area and pore volume. The porosity is mostly in the range of 1%–3%, with an average value of 1.8%. Most of permeability is below 0.01 mD, with an average value of about 0.004 mD. There is an exponential and positive relationship between porosity and permeability. The gas content is generally below 2.0 m3/t. There are three obvious correlations for gas content versus buried depth ranges of 500–700 m, 700–1,000 m, and 2,700–3,000 m. TOC influences gas content in a linear mode, and Ro,max influences gas content positively. The gas content has a positive relationship with clay mineral and a negative relationship with sapropelic percentage. The porosity and permeability are both positively correlated with gas content. The pore volume has a positive trend with gas content, and the specific surface area has a positively and strongly linear relationship with gas content.
Migrating sandwaves riding on relict dunes of Taiwan shoal, northern South China Sea
Authors: Yang Yuping , Liu Meng , Xu Jingping , Xu Weikun 
Published: September 2022

Sandwaves, a ubiquitous bedform commonly found in most coastal seas and sometimes in deep waters of continental slopes and submarine canyons, are often the subject of marine hazard studies because their frequent migration can pose potential threats to pipelines or other engineering structures in the ocean. Analyses of high-resolution bathymetric data collected along a 136-km multibeam bathymetric survey line demonstrate the co-existence of three different sizes of sandwaves: giant, primary dunes (∼10-15 m in height, up to 2,000 m in length); small, secondary sandwaves (∼1 m in height, ∼50 m in length) riding on the stoss side of the primary dunes; and mid-size dunes (∼5-10 m in height, ∼100-500 m in length) found in the trough of primary dunes. While the tidal current-driven, secondary sandwaves are migrating, the primary and mid-size dunes are immobile. Empirical model results suggest that the primary dunes are relict dunes that were most likely formed in geologic past when sea level was higher or the seabed elevation was lower, but water depth is probably not the only factor in limiting the formation of the primary dunes.
The atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation during the Jiangnan Meiyu onset period
Authors: Sun Tianle , Yao Suxiang , Huang Qian 
Published: September 2022

Meiyu is a typical rainy season during the East Asian Summer Monsoon whose early or late onset is closely related to an abnormal amount of rainfall. Based on the ERA-interim daily reanalysis data from 1979 to 2019 and the Meiyu index dataset provided by the CMA (the China Meteorological Administration), the characteristics of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in different latitudes during the Jiangnan Meiyu onset period were examined. During the Meiyu onset period, the analysis of 500 hPa geopotential height shows that the key regions of circulation anomaly include the Ural Mountains in mid-high latitudes and the Northwest Pacific in low latitudes. Moreover, the geopotential height anomaly of the two regions shows significant quasi-biweekly scale (10–30 days) characteristics. The diagnosis of quasi-biweekly geopotential tendency shows that height variation in the mid-high latitude key region mainly depends on the influence of temperature advection, while the variation in the low-latitude key region relies on vorticity advection. Over the mid-high latitudes, the height anomaly of the Ural Mountains gradually increases before the day of Meiyu onset, and the contribution of quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) to the total anomaly is approximately 55.9%. The fluctuations from Europe and the Aleutians spread toward the key region, and the abnormal warm advection lies over the key region, contributing to formation of the Ural-blocking pattern. Meanwhile, in the key region located over the Western Pacific, the contribution of the quasi-biweekly component reaches 51.2%. The oscillations over the Western Pacific propagate southwestward along the East Asian coast, while fluctuations over the East Asian continent migrate southward. Throughout this period, the negative vorticity advection occupies the key region, which is conducive to both the positive geopotential height variation and maintenance of the Western Pacific Subtropical High. Thus, the migration of QBWO in different latitudes could be an extended-range signal of the Jiangnan Meiyu prediction.
The effects of a mindfulness-based program on higher education students
Authors: Serrão Carla , Rodrigues Ana Rita , Ferreira Tiago 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundEntering higher education is a process with multiple challenges that requires the mobilization of personal, social and instrumental resources. As a result, students tend to experience grater stress, anxiety, and depression. In this regard, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) can serve as a useful tool to help students deal with these demands.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of a Mindfulness in Education program in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms among students.MethodsForty-four students of higher education from four degrees in the fields of Social and Cultural Sciences participated and finished surveys before and after the 12-weeks intervention, measuring stress, depression, anxiety, mindfulness, and self-compassion. Twenty-three students (82.61% female; Mage = 20.35 DPage = 3.24) participated in Mindfulness in Education. These participants were paired with 21 students (90.48% female; Mage = 18.67, DPage = 0.73), which constituted the control condition.ResultsThe results showed a session × condition interaction that was statistically significant for depression (p &lt; 0.012) and stress (p &lt; 0.026). In the follow-up exploration, the experimental condition revealed a statistically significant and moderate change in the severity of the symptoms of depression [t(14) = –2.315, p = 0.036, ξ = 0.304, 95% CI (–0.023, –0.499)] but not at the stress level [t(14) = –1.443, p = 0.171, ξ = 0.223, 95% CI (–0.006, –0.364)].ConclusionOutcomes were promising, adding to evidence that MBIs can play an important role in helping students manage stress and depression. However, it is still necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying this type of interventions.
Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio and systemic inflammation response index are associated with the risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases in general rural population
Authors: Wang Pengbo , Guo Xiaofan , Zhou Ying , Li Zhao , Yu Shasha , Sun Yingxian , Hua Yu 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe present study aimed to clarify the effects of four inflammatory indicators (monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio [MHR], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], systematic immune-inflammation index [SII], and systemic inflammation response index [SIRI]) in evaluating the risk of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular disease (CVD), filling the gap of inflammation-metabolism system research in epidemiology.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study and multivariable logistic regression analysis to elucidate the association between inflammatory indicators and metabolic diseases and CVD risk. Metabolic diseases were defined as metabolic disorders (MetDs) or their components, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), dyslipidemia, and central obesity. We calculated the Framingham risk score (FRS) to evaluate 10-year CVD risk.ResultsOdds ratios for the third vs. the first tertile of MHR were 2.653 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.142–3.286) for MetD, 2.091 (95% CI, 1.620–2.698) for MetS, 1.547 (95% CI, 1.287–1.859) for dyslipidemia, and 1.515 (95% CI, 1.389–1.652) for central obesity. Odds ratios for the third vs. the first tertile of SIRI were 2.092 (95% CI, 1.622–2.699) for MetD, 3.441 (95% CI, 2.917–4.058) for MetS, 1.417 (95% CI, 1.218–1.649) for dyslipidemia, and 2.080 (95% CI, 1.613–2.683) for central obesity. The odds ratio of a 10-year CVD risk of &gt;30% for the third vs. the first tertile of MHR was 4.607 (95% CI, 2.648–8.017) and 3.397 (95% CI, 1.958–5.849) for SIRI.ConclusionsMHR and SIRI had a significant association with MetD and its components, in which a higher level of MHR or SIRI tended to accompany a higher risk of metabolic diseases. Furthermore, they also correlated with CVD, and the increment of these indicators caused a gradually evaluated risk of 10-year CVD risk.
Fasting and stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 exhibit a compensatory adaptive response in diabetes and pre-diabetes states: A multi-ethnic comparative study
Authors: Chong Shiau Chin , Sukor Norlela , Robert Sarah Anne , Ng Kim Fong , Kamaruddin Nor Azmi 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundImpaired secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) among Caucasians contributes to reduced incretin effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, studies emanating from East Asia suggested preserved GLP-1 levels in pre-diabetes (pre-DM) and T2DM. We aimed to resolve these conflicting findings by investigating GLP-1 levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) among Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), pre-DM, and T2DM. The association between total GLP-1 levels, insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity, and GLP-1 predictors were also analyzed.MethodsA total of 174 subjects were divided into NGT (n=58), pre-DM (n=54), and T2DM (n=62). Plasma total GLP-1 concentrations were measured at 0, 30, and 120 min during a 75-g OGTT. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS), and triglyceride–glucose index (TyG) were calculated.ResultsTotal GLP-1 levels at fasting and 30 min were significantly higher in T2DM compared with pre-DM and NGT (27.18 ± 11.56 pmol/L vs. 21.99 ± 10.16 pmol/L vs. 16.24 ± 7.79 pmol/L, p=0.001; and 50.22 ± 18.03 pmol/L vs. 41.05 ± 17.68 pmol/L vs. 31.44 ± 22.59 pmol/L, p&lt;0.001; respectively). Ethnicity was a significant determinant of AUCGLP-1, with the Indians exhibiting higher GLP-1 responses than Chinese and Malays. Indians were the most insulin resistant, whereas Chinese were the most insulin sensitive. The GLP-1 levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and TyG but negatively correlated with HOMA-IS. This relationship was evident among Indians who exhibited augmented GLP-1 responses proportionately to their high insulin-resistant states.ConclusionThis is the first study that showed GLP-1 responses are augmented as IR states increase. Fasting and post-OGTT GLP-1 levels are raised in T2DM and pre-DM compared to that in NGT. This raises a possibility of an adaptive compensatory response that has not been reported before. Among the three ethnic groups, the Indians has the highest IR and GLP-1 levels supporting the notion of an adaptive compensatory secretion of GLP-1.