bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhance the performance of AODV routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks
Authors: Abdullhaj Saif Ali Abdulmalek , Kumar Krishan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Enhancing the quality of service is still facing various challenges due to nature and configuration of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) such as free movement of nodes, unpredictable changes in network topology as no infrastructure exist in the network. The large usage of mobile ad-hoc network in various applications raises the demand to enhance the performance as well as reduce loss of packets through various factors. The routing protocols play the most important aspect in MANET. There are three kinds of routing protocols that are: reactive, proactive and hybrid that are utilized to optimize the network’s functionality. Ad-hoc on-demand Distance victor (AODV) routing protocol is the popular used to achieve best output result. The most important objectives of this paper are to enhance the performance of mobile ad-hoc network by using AODV protocol. This paper gives some changes in AODV routing protocols that’s assist the performance enhancement of AODV in mobile ad-hoc network. The simulation is carried out on the network simulator NS2 and the output result show the improved AODV has excellent performance in term of packet delivery ratio, secondly throughput, third is the routing overhead and finally is end to end delay.
High Gain and Bandwidth Array Antenna for Satellite Application
Authors: Wasim Mohd. , Khera Shelej , Malaisamy K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A MIMO array antenna with a resonance frequency of 12.29 GHz is proposed for Ku-band applications. An 8-element antenna array is proposed and parameters like as return loss, VSWR, gain, directivity, and radiated power are utilized to validate model and test findings. The proposed antenna array has a bandwidth of 136.4MHz and the maximum gain in the Ku Band at a resonance frequency of 12.29GHz. It also has a gain of 8.89 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 100%.
Utilization of a Wireless Network Performing CSMA/CA with Random Backoff Algorithm
Authors: Bedi Harpreet Singh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Optimizing WLAN performance in IEEE 802.11 network with extremely different working environments is a difficult task. We must use a network that can provide the most benefits to its end-users to improve network strength and data transmission. To increase performance in this congested situation, we construct an adaptive backoff algorithm for the IEEE 802.11 DCF that enhances in congested network conditions, system throughput is improved, the collision probability is reduced, and good fairness is maintained. This paper deals with the utilization of networks for different backoff strategies for different network conditions. The results obtained were comparatively much better than the existing methods.
Advancement of Full-Duplex Cognitive Radio Network: A Review
Authors: Srivastava Vikas , Singh Parulpreet , Srivastava Praveen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Communication systems, with various pervasive applications, have become a crucial piece of day to day lives. Wireless systems request an ever-increasing number of phantom assets to help with the regularly expanding quantities of clients. As indicated, the present crunch can be fulfilled by use of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). At a given time, secondary users (SUs) in half-duplex (HD) CRNs can either transmit or detect the signal range. This activity confines the secondary users’ throughput because the secondary user cannot transmit during range detection. With advancement in self-interference separation (SIS) technique, full-duplex (FD) CRNconsider synchronous range detection and transmission at a given time on any channel. This FD activity builds throughput and diminishes crashes as compared to HD-CRNs. This paper presents a complete review of FD-CRN correspondences. This paper spread the supporting system models and transmitted and received radio wire structures. This paper describes various SIS approaches in FD-CRNs. Here, authors discuss range detection methods and security requirements for FD-CRNs and review significant advancement in full-duplex medium access control (FD-MAC) conventions as open issues, difficulties, and future research bearings to help FD activity in CRNs.
Medical Image Encryption using Latin Image Cipher Algorithm
Authors: John Siju , Kumar S.N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Image processing has significant applications in the health care sector, medical data processing, analysis, storage, and transfer. The Latin Image Cipher algorithm was proposed in this work for the encryption of medical images. The encryption algorithm proposed in this research work comprises Latin square whitening, substitution, and permutation. The efficiency of the algorithm was also validated by inducing noise in the input images. The performance validation of the proposed algorithm was validated by the histogram analysis and correlation analysis. The information entropy measure also validates the proficiency of the encryption/decryption algorithm. The algorithm was developed on MATLAB 20021 and tested on COVID 19 CT images.
RETRACTED: Brain Tumor Detection Using Artificial Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Ramu B , Bansal Sandeep , Rathour Navjot 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Automatic flaw detection in pictorial representation associate degreed CT brain photos is crucial in an exceptional type of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Due to the large quantity of data in pictorial representation scans and additionally the crooked boundaries, growth segmentation and identification established tough. Associate degree automatic growth detection methodology was used during this investigation that improved accuracy, yield, and diagnostic time. The goal is to kind the tissue into three groups. There as three sorts of cancer: ancient, early, and malignant. The number of data in pictorial representation and CT scans is simply too nice for human interpretation and analysis. Tumor segmentation in resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a rising study subject inside the sphere of medical imaging in recent years. The flexibility to accurately notice the size and size of a growth is important among the identification of the sickness. Pre-processing of imaging footage, feature extraction, classification supported ANN and a cluster of the tumor half because the four phases of the diagnostic approach. The choices as retrieved victimization wave transformation once the image has been pre-processed (DWT). The photos as classified into ancient and pathological brain footage victimization an artificial Neural Network (ANN). With a spotlight on the special Fuzzy c-means cluster, the simplest formula for tumor detection is projected. The goal of this paper is to improve the ANFIS architecture so that it can achieve high classification accuracy and quantify tumor thickness and volume
Shielding design for the control room of an X-ray cargo container inspection system using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Badiei Shahryar , Reza Kardan Mohammad , Kasesaz Yaser 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the present research, the shielding of the control room
of an X-ray inspection system was designed by MCNP Monte Carlo
simulation code in order to reduce the dose rate of the control room
below the acceptable value of 0.5 μSv/h. To do this, after
the simulation of the linear electron accelerator, accelerator
carrier truck, container and ground, the required thickness of leads
have been calculated for each walls of the control room. It was
found that the thickness of the required lead for each walls of the
control room is different from 2 mm to 1 cm. In this situation,
the dose rate inside the control room would be 0.3 μSv/h
(with the relative uncertainty of 11%). The mass of the lead used
in this case was equal to 2.2 tons.
Multi-decadal monsoon characteristics and glacier response in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Shaw T E , Miles E S , Chen D , Jouberton A , Kneib M , Fugger S , Ou T , Lai H-W , Fujita K , Yang W , Fatichi S , Pellicciotti F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Glacier health across High Mountain Asia (HMA) is highly heterogeneous and strongly governed by regional climate, which is variably influenced by monsoon dynamics and the westerlies. We explore four decades of glacier energy and mass balance at three climatically distinct sites across HMA by utilising a detailed land surface model driven by bias-corrected Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological forcing. All three glaciers have experienced long-term mass losses (ranging from −0.04 ± 0.09 to −0.59 ± 0.20 m w.e. a−1) consistent with widespread warming across the region. However, complex and contrasting responses of glacier energy and mass balance to the patterns of the Indian Summer Monsoon were evident, largely driven by the role snowfall timing, amount and phase. A later monsoon onset generates less total snowfall to the glacier in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau during May–June, augmenting net shortwave radiation and affecting annual mass balance (−0.5 m w.e. on average compared to early onset years). Conversely, timing of the monsoon’s arrival has limited impact for the Nepalese Himalaya which is more strongly governed by the temperature and snowfall amount during the core monsoon season. In the arid central Tibetan Plateau, a later monsoon arrival results in a 40 mm (58%) increase of May–June snowfall on average compared to early onset years, likely driven by the greater interaction of westerly storm events. Meanwhile, a late monsoon cessation at this site sees an average 200 mm (192%) increase in late summer precipitation due to monsoonal storms. A trend towards weaker intensity monsoon conditions in recent decades, combined with long-term warming patterns, has produced predominantly negative glacier mass balances for all sites (up to 1 m w.e. more mass loss in the Nepalese Himalaya compared to strong monsoon intensity years) but sub-regional variability in monsoon timing can additionally complicate this response.
Reviewing the geometric Hamilton–Jacobi theory concerning Jacobi and Leibniz identities
Authors: Esen O , de León M , Lainz M , Sardón C , Zając M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this survey, we review the classical Hamilton–Jacobi theory from a geometric point of view in different geometric backgrounds. We propose a Hamilton–Jacobi equation for different geometric structures attending to one particular characterization: whether they fulfill the Jacobi and Leibniz identities simultaneously, or if at least they satisfy one of them. This property reviews the work of the present authors in such a way that it is presented according to a hierarchy of nested brackets. This is a new outlook in which we do not only present the geometric structures themselves, but their hierarchical relations and how they affect their dynamic through the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. In this regard, we review the case of time-dependent (t-dependent in the sequel) and dissipative physical systems as systems that fulfill the Jacobi identity but not the Leibnitz identity, as instances of cosymplectic and contact mechanical problems. Let us remark that dissipative here means dissipation provided by a dissipation parameter included in the Hamiltonian function, for instance, the entropy in some thermodynamical systems. Furthermore, we review the contact-evolution Hamilton–Jacobi theory as a split off the regular contact geometry, and that actually satisfies the Leibniz rule instead of Jacobi. Furthermore, we include a novel result, which is the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for conformal Hamiltonian vector fields as a generalization of the well-known Hamilton–Jacobi on a symplectic manifold, that is retrieved in the case of a zero conformal factor. The interest of a geometric Hamilton–Jacobi equation is the primordial observation that if a Hamiltonian vector field X

H
can be projected into a configuration manifold by means of a one-form dW, then the integral curves of the projected vector field

X

H

d
W

can be transformed into integral curves of X

H
provided that W is a solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Geometrically, the solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation plays the role of a Lagrangian submanifold of a certain bundle. Exploiting these features in different geometric scenarios we propose a geometric theory for multiple physical systems depending on the fundamental identities that their dynamic satisfies. Different examples are pictured to reflect the results provided, being all of them new, except for one that is reassessment of a previously considered example. Finally, let us mention that an important issue in the study of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation is separability, relevant for finding conserved quantities. However, we will not deal with this subject in this survey, although we refer the reader to papers [16, 17, 136].
Effect of Adopting the New Race-Free 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Creatinine Equation on Racial Differences in Kidney Disease Progression Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: An Observational Study
Authors: Muiru Anthony N , Madden Erin , Scherzer Rebecca , Horberg Michael A , Silverberg Michael J , Klein Marina B , Mayor Angel M , John Gill M , Napravnik Sonia , Crane Heidi M , Marconi Vincent C , Koethe John R , Abraham Alison G , Althoff Keri N , Lucas Gregory M , Moore Richard D , Shlipak Michael G , Estrella Michelle M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The impact of adopting a race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) creatinine (eGFRcr) equation on racial differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) is unknown.

Methods
We defined eGFR stages using the original race-adjusted Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) eGFRcr equation and the new race-free CKD-EPI eGFRcr equation. We then estimated 5-year probabilities of transitioning from baseline kidney function to more advanced eGFR stages and examined the association of race (black vs white) with rates of CKD progression using Markov models.

Results
With the race-adjusted eGFRcr equation, black participants (n = 31 298) had a lower risk of progressing from eGFR stage 1 to 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], .73–.82), an equal risk of progressing from stage 2 to 3 (1.00; .92–.07) and a 3-fold risk of progressing from stage 3 to 4 or 5 (3.06; 2.60–3.62), compared with white participants (n = 27 542). When we used the race-free eGFRcr equation, 16% of black participants were reclassified into a more severe eGFR stage at baseline. The reclassified black individuals had a higher prevalence of CKD risk factors than black PWH who were not reclassified. With the race-free eGFRcr equation, black participants had a higher risk of disease progression across all eGFR stages than white participants.

Conclusions
The original eGFRcr equation systematically masked a subgroup of black PWH who are at high-risk of CKD progression. The new race-free eGFRcr equation unmasks these individuals and may allow for earlier detection and management of CKD.
The Spectrum of Influenza in Children
Authors: Hoy Gregory , Kuan Guillermina , López Roger , Sánchez Nery , López Brenda , Ojeda Sergio , Maier Hannah , Patel Mayuri , Wraith Steph , Meyers Alyssa , Campredon Lora , Balmaseda Angel , Gordon Aubree 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Children constitute an important component of the influenza burden and community transmission, but the frequency of asymptomatic infection and post-influenza sequelae at the community level is poorly understood.

Methods
Two community-based prospective cohort studies (2011–2020, 2017–2020) and 1 case-ascertained study (2012–2017) were conducted in Managua, Nicaragua. Non-immunocompromised children aged 0–14 years with ≥1 influenza infections, determined by polymerase chain reaction and hemagglutination inhibition assay, were included.

Results
A total of 1272 influenza infections occurred in the household-based portion of the study. Influenza infection was asymptomatic in 84 (6.6%) infections, and the asymptomatic fraction increased with age (1.7%, 3.5%, and 9.1% for ages 0–1, 2–4, and 5–14, respectively; P &lt; .001). Of asymptomatic children, 43 (51.2%) shed virus, compared to 1099 (92.5%) symptomatic children (P &lt; .001). Also, 2140 cases of influenza occurred in the primary care portion of the study. Sequelae of influenza were rare, with the most common being pneumonia (52, 2.4%) and acute otitis media (71, 3.3%). A/H1N1 had higher age-adjusted odds of acute otitis media (odds ratio [OR] 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–3.48; P = .015) and hospitalization (OR 3.73, 95% CI: 1.68–8.67; P = .002) than A/H3N2. B/Victoria had higher age-adjusted odds of pneumonia (OR 10.99, 95% CI: 1.34–90.28; P = .026) than B/Yamagata.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic influenza infection is much less common in children than adults, although viral shedding still occurs in asymptomatic children. Post-influenza sequelae are rare in children in the community setting, and virus strain may be important in understanding the risk of sequelae.
AGODB: a comprehensive domain annotation database of argonaute proteins
Authors: Li Bowen , Yang Shanshan , Long Jinjin , Chen Xue , Zhang Qianyue , Ning Lin , He Bifang , Chen Heng , Huang Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Argonaute (Ago) proteins are widely expressed in almost all organisms. Eukaryotic Ago (eAgo) proteins bind small RNA guides forming RNA-induced silencing complex that silence gene expression, and prokaryotic Ago (pAgo) proteins defend against invading nucleic acids via binding small RNAs or DNAs. pAgo proteins have shown great potential as a candidate ‘scissors’ for gene editing. Protein domains are fundamental units of protein structure, function and evolution; however, the domains of Ago proteins are not well annotated/curated currently. Therefore, full functional domain annotation of Ago proteins is urgently needed for researchers to understand the function and mechanism of Ago proteins. Herein, we constructed the first comprehensive domain annotation database of Ago proteins (AGODB). The database curates detailed information of 1902 Ago proteins, including 1095 eAgos and 807 pAgos. Especially for long pAgo proteins, all six domains are annotated and curated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that Ago genes in different species were enriched in the following GO terms: biological processes (BPs), molecular function and cellular compartment. GO enrichment analysis results were integrated into AGODB, which provided insights into the BP that Ago genes may participate in. AGODB also allows users to search the database with a variety of options and download the search results. We believe that the AGODB will be a useful resource for understanding the function and domain components of Ago proteins. This database is expected to cater to the needs of scientific community dedicated to the research of Ago proteins.

Database URL
http://i.uestc.edu.cn/agodb/
Comparative studies of genomic and epigenetic factors influencing transcriptional variation in two insect species
Authors: Wu Xin , Bhatia Neharika , Grozinger Christina M , Yi Soojin V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Different genes show different levels of expression variability. For example, highly expressed genes tend to exhibit less expression variability. Genes whose promoters have TATA box and initiator motifs tend to have increased expression variability. On the other hand, DNA methylation of transcriptional units, or gene body DNA methylation, is associated with reduced gene expression variability in many species. Interestingly, some insect lineages, most notably Diptera including the canonical model insect Drosophila melanogaster, have lost DNA methylation. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether genomic features similarly influence gene expression variability in lineages with and without DNA methylation. We analyzed recently generated large-scale data sets in D. melanogaster and honey bee (Apis mellifera) to investigate these questions. Our analysis shows that increased gene expression levels are consistently associated with reduced expression variability in both species, while the presence of TATA box is consistently associated with increased gene expression variability. In contrast, initiator motifs and gene lengths have weak effects limited to some data sets. Importantly, we show that a sequence characteristics indicative of gene body DNA methylation is strongly and negatively associate with gene expression variability in honey bees, while it shows no such association in D. melanogaster. These results suggest the evolutionary loss of DNA methylation in some insect lineages has reshaped the molecular mechanisms concerning the regulation of gene expression variability.
What Types of Burden Experienced by Family Caregivers of Dementia Patients Are Related to Their Life Satisfaction?
Authors: Ju Yeong Jun , Kim Woorim , Kim Eunsaem , Lee Soon Young 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
As the burdens related to dementia caregiving are vast, this study aimed to examine the relationship between life satisfaction and different types of burden reported by family caregivers of patients with dementia.

Methods
Data from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey were used. The association between life satisfaction and caregiving burden reported by family caregivers of patients with dementia was investigated using multivariable regression analysis. These burdens resulted from social prejudice and temporal, physical, psychological, or economic reasons. Life Satisfaction was measured using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Better Life Index. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the residing status of patients with dementia and the region of residence of the caregiver.

Results
Data of 12 617 participants were analyzed. Compared with individuals with no burden, those who reported a burden due to temporal (β = −0.23, p = .003), psychological (β = −0.18, p &lt; .001), and economic (β = −0.27, p &lt; .001) demands showed poorer levels of life satisfaction. These tendencies were maintained in caregivers residing with patients and those providing care for institutionalized patients. Regarding the region where the caregiver lived, for those living in rural regions, burdens related to social prejudice or economical demands were associated with poor life satisfaction.

Conclusion
Family caregivers reporting caregiving-related burdens for temporal, psychological, or economic reasons had lower life satisfaction. These findings suggest the importance of considering caregiver’s different needs and conditions when implementing coping strategies when caring for individuals with dementia.