bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
III. The Collectio Britannica and its Sources: Reviewing the Trustworthiness of a Key Witness of Medieval Papal Letters
Authors: Rolker Christof 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Collectio Britannica, compiled in the late 11th century and preserved in only one manuscript (London, BL, Add MS 8873), contains numerous excerpts from papal letters dating from the fifth to the eleventh centuries, including many that are not known from other sources. For a long time it was considered a reliable source, but between the 1940s and 1980s some scholars expressed doubts about the authenticity of various letters found in the Britannica, and even in more recent research the collection is still viewed with suspicion. However, a re-examination of the relevant studies shows that many arguments against the authenticity of the papal letters as found in the Britannica were speculative at best. Most ‘suspicious’ elements are in fact found only in the extant London copy of the Britannica, not in the version used in the 1090s by Ivo of Chartres and his collaborators. Only in very few cases is there reason to believe that the sections of the Britannica in question contain extracts from forged or falsified papal letters. With the exception of the section on Leo IV, the relevant parts of the Britannica can usually be relied upon to faithfully retain the content, wording, cursus, and even the order of the papal registers on which they are ultimately based.
Content: I. Introduction, The Extant Copy, Why Think the Britannica Draws on Registers? – II. Possible Manipulations by the Britannica Compiler, p. 121, Sancta octo and the Ecumenicity of Constantinople IV, The Britannica Interpolated by Ivo?, Kuttner’s Doubts on JL 5383 and JE 3180, Confusing Nicholas I, Hincmar, and Saint Cyprian, Summary. – III. Much Smoke but Little Fire: Supposed Forged Sources Behind the Britannica, p. 132, Leo’s pallium Grant for Hincmar, The Excommunication of the Emperor, A ‘Great Stumbling Block’: Ullmann and JE 2646, Ullmann on the Letters of Gelasius I, The ‘Archbishop of Dol’ in JE 3003, Summary. – IV. Chronological Order, p. 149, Gelasius I and Pelagius I, Alexander II, John VIII, Saint Boniface, Urban II, Leo IV (and Stephen V), Summary. – V. Selection Criteria, p. 161. – VI. Conclusions, p. 165
V. The priority of acquisition secured creditors in classical Roman law
Authors: Hoof Vincent van 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung

Der Vorrang der Pfandgläubiger wegen der Finanzierung des Erwerbs einer Sache im klassischen römischen Recht. Es fehlt an Quellenbelegen zur (privilegierten) Position eines Pfandgläubigers, der den Erwerb einer Sache finanzierte. Eine umfassende Regelung zur Erlangung und Vollstreckung dieser Sicherheit gibt es nicht. Dernburg meinte daher, dass ein Zufallselement daran beteiligt gewesen sei, ob der Geldgeber ein privilegiertes Pfandrecht hatte oder nicht. In diesem Artikel wird untersucht, unter welchen Umständen der finanzierende Pfandgläubiger Vorrang vor früheren Pfandgläubigern hatte. Es hing hauptsächlich von der konkreten Vereinbarung der Parteien und der Herkunft des für die Anschaffung verwendeten Geldes ab, ob sein Pfandrecht privilegiert war. Mehrere Texte zeigen, wie er seine Interessen schützen konnte, indem er beispielsweise den Kaufpreis direkt an den Verkäufer zahlte. Es bleibt jedoch unklar, wie Rangstreitigkeiten zwischen dem finanzierenden Pfandgläubiger und anderen privilegierten Pfandgläubigern gelöst wurden.
VII. A Slave or a generous benefactor? Legal analysis of 8th-century donations of boys from the Monastery of St. Phoibammon in the Western Thebes
Authors: Nowak Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the Coptic donations of children from the monastery of St. Phoibammon in Western Thebes. These documents, unparalleled elsewhere, attest the donations of free boys made by their parents to the local monastery. In the first part of this article, previous scholarship on the donations is reviewed. In the second part, the various ways in which parents could surrender their children both in legal practice and statutory law are compared to the donations of boys. Finally, the third part offers a comprehensive analysis of these donations within a wider social and legal context.
D. 19,1,23 Iulianus libro 13 digestorum
Authors: Ernst Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

D. 19,1,23 Iulianus libro 13 digestorum. Read as a contribution to the classical doctrine of id quod interest, D. 19,1,23 Iul. 13 dig. has often puzzled the reader. Julian seems to overcompensate a buyer for no good reason, only to be brusquely corrected by Marcellus. There may be a non-trivial explanation for Julian’s reasoning, especially once the palingenetical context is taken into account.
Salivary Calprotectin Is not a Useful Biomarker to Monitor Disease Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bos Vincent , Crouwel Femke , Waaijenberg Petra , Bouma Gerd , Duijvestein Marjolijn , Buiter Hans J.C. , Brand Henk S , Hamer Henrike M , De Boer Nanne K 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims: Non-invasive biomarkers are gaining interest for monitoring disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Fecal calprotectin is a reliable biomarker but patients often report the collection of feces being unpleasant and cumbersome. In this study, we aimed to assess if salivary calprotectin could be used as a non-invasive biomarker to determine disease activity instead of fecal calprotectin.
Methods: In this cross-sectional explorative cohort study, stimulated saliva was collected from patients with an established IBD diagnosis and healthy controls. The concentration of calprotectin in saliva was determined by a particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. Intestinal disease activity was assessed with fecal calprotectin levels and the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI). Missing data were handled using multiple imputation.
Results: Sixty-three patients (41 Crohn’s disease and 22 ulcerative colitis) and 11 controls were included. Patients had a mean fecal calprotectin of 138.78 µg/g and a median salivary calprotectin of 1.87 mg/L. No significant correlation was found between salivary calprotectin and fecal calprotectin levels (p=0.495). When patients were stratified in two subgroups based on a fecal calprotectin cut-off value of 250 µg/g, there were no significant differences in salivary calprotectin levels between both patient groups (p=0.641) and between patients and healthy controls (p=0.248). Also, salivary, and fecal calprotectin levels were not significantly different when stratifying patients in two subgroups, active disease and remission, using HBI/SCCAI scores. Conclusions: Salivary calprotectin does not correlate to fecal calprotectin and disease activity scores in patients, making it unreliable for assessing IBD activity.
Epidemiology and Burden of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in Romania: A Subgroup Analysis of the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study
Authors: Dumitrascu Dan L. , Freud Tamar , Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Palsson Olafur S. , Sperber Ami D. 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are a group of chronic illnesses that are crucial to public health because they are widespread, influence patients‘ quality of life and functional level, and exert a major socioeconomic impact. We assessed the national prevalence of all 22 DGBI, the percentage of respondents satisfying diagnostic criteria for at least one DGBI, and the impact on the disease burden in Romania using data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study.
Methods: Data were collected through an anonymous, nationwide, and secure online survey, which evaluated the prevalence of any DGBI as well as over 22 different DGBI. The Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire and an in-depth supplemental questionnaire were included in the survey, which was completed through the Internet with numerous built-in quality-assurance measures.
Results: The survey was completed by 2,049 participants (mean age 42.29±13.11 years) with a representative national distribution. Diagnostic criteria for any DGBI were met in 40.1% of the subjects, while 28.6% met criteria for only one DGBI (no overlap), and 11.5% met criteria for DGBIs in two, three, or four overlapping gastrointestinal anatomical regions. Females had a substantially higher predominance of DGBI than males. Psychosocial characteristics (such as quality of life, somatization, and concern about digestive problems) and healthcare utilization (such as physician visits and medication use) were associated with having any DGBI.
Conclusions: We provide the first comprehensive evaluation of the prevalence and burden of DGBI in Romania using the Rome IV criteria. The burden of DGBI in Romania is substantial, with 40.1% of the 2,049 participants meeting diagnostic criteria for any DGBI. These findings demonstrate the importance of patient care, and the need for training and future research.
Sistematización de la práctica de un modelo para el entrenamiento de estudiantes en Orientación
Authors: Jiménez Espinoza Ericka , Valenciano Canet Grettel 
Published: August 2022

En este artículo se presenta la sistematización de la experiencia supervisada de un grupo de discentes del curso Práctica Profesional II, de la carrera de Orientación de la Universidad de Costa Rica. En la aplicación de un modelo teórico- práctico de entrenamiento para el estudiantado, durante la implementación de la modalidad personal-grupal, con la niñez. Para la recolección de los datos, se utilizó una guía de evaluación al estudiantado, durante el desarrollo de las sesiones de Orientación. Para lograr este objetivo se usa el modelo de sistematización propuesto por Oscar Jara. Esto con el fin de fortalecer la formación y el desarrollo profesional de las personas practicantes. Se pretende dar cuenta de los aciertos y desaciertos de este adiestramiento para mejorar tanto el curso como la práctica profesional y, divulgar los resultados obtenidos. Uno de los puntos de llegada más importantes de los datos obtenidos, es que en general, hubo un buen desempeño por parte de las personas practicantes, debido a que se destacan aportaciones significativas en este periodo de la formación. No obstante, también existen aspectos por corregir en las que tanto, el estudiantado como las personas docentes han constatado que se debe mejorar para su competencia profesional.
Topology, skyrmions, and Heusler compounds
Authors: Felser Claudia , Parkin Stuart 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTopology is a topic of considerable interest in materials science. In magnetic materials, the Berry curvature in real and reciprocal space leads to new topological objects that include, for example, skyrmions and Weyl fermions. Heusler compounds, a particularly interesting family of compounds, are highly tunable materials with diverse topological electronic and magnetic textures. Tuning their elemental components, composition, and symmetry allows for the stabilization of a wide range of magnetic structures and magnetic crystalline anisotropies. In Heusler compounds, several types of skyrmion textures have been observed, which include antiskyrmions that are perhaps the most complex of these spin textures and, consequently, have unique properties that make them particularly attractive, as well as Bloch skyrmions. Skyrmions have the potential to be used as magnetic bits in high-density storage devices such as racetrack memories as well as for neuromorphic computing systems that go beyond Moore’s Law.
Graphical abstract
“Eu é que não Ponho meu Cartão de Crédito aí!”: Um Estudo dos Antecedentes da Lealdade no Contexto On-lines
Authors: Babolim Mayara Rodrigues Graça , Lopes Evandro Luiz , Fernandes Aleixo , Carvalho Marcelo , Pinochet Luis Hernan Contreras 
Published: August 2022

Apresentamos neste trabalho um modelo de hipóteses com variáveis antecedentes da Lealdade em relação a um website (qualidade do site, reputação, segurança, benefício percebido e confiança) e o papel mediador do valor percebido nesta relação. A coleta foi realizada por meio de um survey on-line no qual participaram 243 respondentes. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais com estimação da matriz de correlação por mínimos quadrados parciais. Mesmo que 10 (das 14) hipóteses tenham sido confirmadas, nem a Segurança percebida pelo internauta nem a Reputação do website foram significantes para explicar a Lealdade da amostra. Isso mostra um ponto central para a atuação dos gestores de marketing, dado que a percepção dos usuários acerca destes construtos revela um grande gap em relação ao cenário ideal. Ao final do estudo apresentamos as principais implicações teóricas e práticas.
In vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic activity of the new compound XC221GI in models of the viral inflammation of the respiratory tract
Authors: Stukova Marina A. , Rydlovskaya Anastasia V. , Proskurina Oxana V. , Mochalov Stepan V. , Shurygina Anna-Polina S. , Nebolsin Vladimir E. 
Published: August 2022

The viruses that most commonly affect human respiratory tract include rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs), influenza, and coronaviruses (CoVs). The virus infection of the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract triggers an inflammation accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines including IL6, IL8 (CXCL8), IL1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The transition of the infection to the acute inflammatory phase in the lungs is accompanied by an increase in the production of cytokines, an influx of neutrophils and T cells into the lungs, and the induction of chemokines – CXCR3 receptor ligands – the main participants of generalized inflammation.
We studied the pharmacodynamic activity of the new compound XC221GI and its effect on release of the IL6 and IL8 in the course of an experimental RSV infection in vitro in human lung carcinoma cells A549 and in vivo in the lungs of cotton rats. We also studied the effect of XC221GI on the production of the chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage as well as on the influx of neutrophils into the mouse lungs after the intranasal administration of interferon γ (IFNγ).
The obtained results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of XC221GI, which suppresses the excessive production of the key inflammatory markers IL6, IL8, CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 as well as the influx of neutrophils into the lungs thereby reducing lung pathology. These data confirm the effectiveness of XC221GI as a medicine for preventive anti-inflammatory therapy during a viral infection of the respiratory tract.
The level of occupational stress among physical education teachers in Jordan
Authors: AL-Momani Mohammad Omar , Jawarneh Randa Saleh 
Published: August 2022

Workers in the educational field in Jordan, especially physical education teachers, face many problems and they are exposed to increased pressures that may be reflected in their professional performance. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the level of professional pressures that physical education teachers are exposed to in Jordan and its relationship to the gender variable. To achieve this, the descriptive approach was used in addition to the use of the questionnaire, which was developed by researchers and was applied to a sample of (250) male and female teachers in the second semester of the academic year (2021/2022). Based on the results, it is seen that there is a high number of physical education teachers in Jordan, and the level of pressure that physical education teachers are exposed to is higher than the level of pressure that physical education teachers are exposed to.

Keywords: Occupational stress; Physical education; Profession; teachers.
An ACE2-IgG4 Fc Fusion Protein Demonstrates Strong Binding to All Tested SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Reduced Lung Inflammation in Animal Models of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza
Authors: Merigeon Emmanuel , Yang Dong , Ihms Elizabeth , Bassit Leda , Fitzpatrick Elizabeth , Jonsson Colleen , Schinazi Raymond , Block David , Olsen Henrik 
Published: August 2022

Background: The continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has caused concern that a constantly evolving virus will escape vaccines and antibody therapies. New approaches are needed. Methods: We created and manufactured an ACE2 extracellular domain (ECD) fragment Fc fusion drug candidate, G921, and engineered the compound for enhanced delivery of drug to peripheral tissues by minimizing the size of the ACE2 ECD and by incorporating an Fc domain to enhance transcytosis. G921 was assessed for binding, neutralization, in vivo anti-inflammatory effect, and pharmacokinetic profile. Results: G921 was expressed as an IgG4 Fc fusion protein presenting two ACE2 domains to ACE2 ligands while avoiding risk of infection via antibody-dependent enhancement. G921 strongly binds to the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 spike protein and demonstrates further diminished off rate to the spike protein from each of the currently identified variants of concern. G921 demonstrates ACE2 enzymatic activity comparable to positive control and binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) without binding to low affinity Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). G921 is effective in a concentration-dependent manner in a focus reduction neutralization assay with EC50=16.3±4.2 μg/mL without cytotoxicity in Vero E6 cells when tested at 200 μg/mL in an MTS cell proliferation assay. G921 demonstrates statistically significant reduction of lung inflammation in relevant models of both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. The pharmacokinetic profile demonstrated dose-dependent exposure with a multi-day half-life in monkeys and rats. Conclusion: G921 data are consistent with both antiviral and anti-inflammatory modes of action. G921 is a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and possible other diseases characterized by deficiency of ACE2.
The Utilization of Social Media in the State Islamic Universities in Indonesia
Authors: Munadi Muhammad , Annur Fauzi 
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the trend of followers of each social media and the use of social media at four State Islamic Universities (UIN) in Indonesia. This study used a content analysis approach with data from websites. These documents could be downloaded from websites related to social media. The sample taken was four UIN which have relatively active social media in updating. Data validity was done by validating data internally as well as cross-data. The data analysis used interactive analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. Moreover, the results showed that the use of social media was varied. Facebook and Instagram were for academic activities, including promotion for prospective new students. It dominantly occurs in all research locations and is balanced with the content of national and religious activities. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui trend followers masing-masing media sosial, serta penggunaan media sosial di 4 Perguruan Tinggi Islam Negeri (UIN) di Indonesia yang fokus pada masing-masing pulau satu UIN. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis isi dengan data dari website berupa dokumen yang dapat diunduh dari website yang berhubungan dengan media sosial. Sampel yang diambil adalah 4 UIN yang memiliki media sosial yang relatif aktif melakukan update. Validitas data dilakukan dengan validasi data secara internal maupun data silang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif dan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media sosial bervariasi, di Facebook dan Instagram untuk kegiatan akademik termasuk promosi untuk calon mahasiswa baru dominan terjadi di semua lokasi penelitian dan diimbangi dengan konten ucapan kegiatan nasional dan keagamaan.
Macroeconomic Variables and Profitability in the Indonesian Islamic Banking Industry
Authors: Al Arif Mohammad Nur Rianto , Rahmawati Rahmi 
Published: August 2022

Profitability level is one of performance indicator in banking industry, including the Islamic banking industry. The purpose of this study is to analyse the short-run and long-run impact of macroeconomics variables to profitability in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry. The method that used in this paper is vector error correction models (VECM). The variables that used in this paper are industrial production index, inflation, exchange rate, the Bank Indonesia’s rate, and stock exchange composite index. The result shows that in the long-run, all of the macroeconomics variables affect significantly in profitability level. In the short-run, all macroeconomics variables do not impact the profitability. This result implies that the macroeconomics variable had a time-lag to affect the profitability in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry. Salah satu indikator kinerja dalam industri perbankan termasuk industri perbankan syariah adalah tingkat profitabilitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel makroekonomi terhadap profitabilitas di industri perbankan syariah, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam artikel ini ialah model vektor koreksi kesalahan. Variabel yang dipergunakan ialah indeks produksi industri, inflasi, nilai tukar, tingkat bunga Bank Indonesia, dan indeks harga saham gabungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variabel makroekonomi berpengaruh dalam jangka panjang terhadap tingkat profitabilitas. Sedangkan, dalam jangka pendek seluruh variabel makroekonomi tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat profitabiltas. Hasil ini memberikan implikasi bahwavariabel makroekonomi memiliki jeda waktu untuk memengaruhi tingkat profitabilitas pada industri perbankan syariahdi Indonesia.
A Study on the Need for VBI in Malaysian Islamic Financial Industry and its Shari'ah Perspective
Authors: Khan Mohammad Bilal 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for Value-Based Intermediation (VBI) in Malaysia introduced by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) in March 2018, under the guidance of Shari'ah Advisory Council (SAC), which is the decisive authority in matters relating to Shari'ah, analyse the aim of VBI against that of SDGs in the light of Maqasid al-Sahri'ah, and to assess VBI from the perspective of Shari'ah. The growth of Islamic banking in Malaysia experienced a boost where the market share of Islamic banking assets grew from 7.1% in 2010 to 28% in 2016, but there has been a decline in Islamic finance's annual growth from 24.2% in 2011 to only 8.2% in 2016. There could be various reasons for this decline, such as maintaining a steady growth requires constant innovation in the products and services offered. However, innovation becomes difficult in case of IFIs, since they have to comply with legal and Shari'ah rules at the same time. Qualitative method of study is used for this paper. It is found in the study that VBI not only conforms with the principles of Shari'ah but also re-focuses IFIs to achieve the objectives of Shari'ah or fulfill Maqasid al-Shari'ah. The study also found that VBI is also in line with the SDGs, which are human-made goals presented to the world by United Nations around 2012. However, while SDGs are prone to changes and criticism, the objectives, or goals of Shari'ah are holistic, permanent, and divine. VBI is a concept applicable only in Malaysia's Islamic Finance Industry until the time this paper is written, and therefore, it focuses only on the Malaysian IFI. There is a need to understand why VBI was needed in Malaysian IFI despite each Islamic bank having their own Shari'ah committee and SAC of BNM and this paper will help develop that understanding.