bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulated temperature requirements of Echinochloa crus‐galli seed‐setting: A case study with populations collected from rice fields
Authors: Chen Guoqi , Chen Yang , Yu Hang , Zhou Lin , Zhuang Xiangxin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEffective accumulated temperature (EAT) is a basic index to predict plant growing and development, while EATs for key stages during Echinochloa crus‐galli seed‐setting are still unclear. We collected three E. crus‐galli populations (Nanling [NL], Feidong [FD], and Sihong [SH]) from different rice fields in eastern China and conducted four sets of pot experiments in a greenhouse. Plants of the three populations sown on May 9–12, averagely reproduced 484–671 mature seeds per plant; showed a duration of 67–76 days from sowing to heading, with an average EAT of 1,156–1,274°C; showed a duration of 90–94 days from sowing to seeds starting maturation in plant individuals with average EATs about 1,571–1,647°C; and showed a maturation stage lasting for 14–36 days. Significant negative correlations (p < .01) were found between the period of collecting day after seed maturation and the number or 1,000‐seed weight of mature seeds collected on the day, in each set of experiment. Compared with NL individuals sown on May 9, NL individuals sown on April 10 needed significantly higher EATs for periods from sowing to seed maturation, and from heading to seed maturation. According to logistic regressions, duration days needed for 50% of seeds to mature were 93–122 days after sowing, with EATs of 1,625–1893°C for these E. crus‐galli populations. This study revealed EATs for E. crus‐galli seed‐setting, which suggested time windows for panicle‐removing control of E. crus‐galli in rice fields.
Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Two Flexible Finite Length Coaxial Cylinders: New Theoretical Formulation and Numerical Validation
Authors: Lagrange Romain , Adela Puscas Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article addresses the interaction of two coaxial cylinders separated by a thin fluid layer. The cylinders are flexible, have a finite length, and are subject to a vibration mode of an Euler–Bernoulli beam. Assuming a narrow channel, an inviscid and linear theoretical approach is carried out, leading to a new simple and tractable analytical expression of the fluid forces. We show that the dimensionless form of this matrix reduces to a single coefficient whose properties (sign and variations) strongly depend on the boundary conditions, the wave number of the vibration modes, and the aspect ratio of the cylinders. All these properties are made explicit in our formulation, which applies to all classical types of boundary conditions. A numerical approach based on an arbitrary Lagrange–Eulerian method is also presented and successfully compared to the theoretical predictions.
Comparison of Existing Methods for Characterizing Bi-Linear Natural Ankle Quasi-Stiffness
Authors: Nigro Luke , Arch Elisa S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Natural ankle quasi-stiffness (NAS) is a mechanical property of the ankle joint during dynamic motion. NAS has been historically calculated as the average slope (linear regression) of the net ankle moment versus ankle angle during discrete phases of stance. However, recent work has shown that NAS is nonlinear during the stance phase. Specifically, during the loading phase of stance (∼10 to 60% of total stance), plantarflexion moment increases at an accelerating rate compared to dorsiflexion angle. Updated models have been developed to better capture this inherent nonlinearity. One type of model called bi-linear NAS (BL-NAS) divides the loading phase of stance into two subphases, called early loading (EL) and late loading (LL) NAS. Two papers, written by Crenna and Frigo (2011, “Dynamics of the Ankle Joint Analyzed Through Moment-Angle Loops During Human Walking: Gender and Age Effects,” Hum. Mov. Sci., 30(6), pp. 1185–1198) and Shamaei et al. (2013, “Estimation of Quasi-Stiffness and Propulsive Work of the Human Ankle in the Stance Phase of Walking,” PLoS One, 8(3), p. e59935), outline different BL-NAS models. Both models fit measured data better (lower root-mean-squared error (RMSE)) than standard single linear NAS (SL-NAS) models but have not been widely adopted, possibly because of methodological discrepancies and lack of applicability to physical devices at the time. This paper compares and contrasts these existing BL-NAS models and translates those findings to possible orthotic device designs. Results showed that both BL-NAS models had lower RMSE than SL-NAS, EL-NAS was not significantly different across walking speeds, and LL-NAS increased significantly at faster walking speeds. These improved models of NAS much better approximate natural human movement than commonly used SL-NAS models, and thus provide a basis to design ankle-foot devices with multiple stiffness properties to emulate and facilitate natural human motion.
Patent Data for Engineering Design: A Critical Review and Future Directions
Authors: Jiang Shuo , Sarica Serhad , Song Binyang , Hu Jie , Luo Jianxi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Patent data have long been used for engineering design research because of its large and expanding size and widely varying massive amount of design information contained in patents. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and data science present unprecedented opportunities to develop data-driven design methods and tools, as well as advance design science, using the patent database. Herein, we survey and categorize the patent-for-design literature based on its contributions to design theories, methods, tools, and strategies, as well as the types of patent data and data-driven methods used in respective studies. Our review highlights promising future research directions in patent data-driven design research and practice.
Morphological Dynamics-Based Anomaly Detection Towards In Situ Layer-Wise Certification for Directed Energy Deposition Processes
Authors: Bappy Mahathir Mohammad , Liu Chenang , Bian Linkan , Tian Wenmeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The process uncertainty induced quality issue remains the major challenge that hinders the wider adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The defects occurred significantly compromise structural integrity and mechanical properties of fabricated parts. Therefore, there is an urgent need in fast, yet reliable AM component certification. Most finite element analysis related methods characterize defects based on the thermomechanical relationships, which are computationally inefficient and cannot capture process uncertainty. In addition, there is a growing trend in data-driven approaches on characterizing the empirical relationships between thermal history and anomaly occurrences, which focus on modeling an individual image basis to identify local defects. Despite their effectiveness in local anomaly detection, these methods are quite cumbersome when applied to layer-wise anomaly detection. This paper proposes a novel in situ layer-wise anomaly detection method by analyzing the layer-by-layer morphological dynamics of melt pools and heat affected zones (HAZs). Specifically, the thermal images are first preprocessed based on the g-code to assure unified orientation. Subsequently, the melt pool and HAZ are segmented, and the global and morphological transition metrics are developed to characterize the morphological dynamics. New layer-wise features are extracted, and supervised machine learning methods are applied for layer-wise anomaly detection. The proposed method is validated using the directed energy deposition (DED) process, which demonstrates superior performance comparing with the benchmark methods. The average computational time is significantly shorter than the average build time, enabling in situ layer-wise certification and real-time process control.
Quantifying Viscous Damping and Stiffness in Parkinsonism Using Data-Driven Model Estimation and Admittance Control
Authors: Werning Alec , Umbarila Daniel , Fite Maxwell , Fergus Sinta , Zhang Jianyu , Molnar Gregory F. , Johnson Luke A. , Wang Jing , Vitek Jerrold L. , Escobar Sanabria David 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rigidity of upper and lower limbs in Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically assessed via a clinical rating scale that is subject to human perception biases. Methodologies to quantify changes in rigidity associated with the angular position (stiffness) or velocity (viscous damping) are needed to enhance our understanding of PD pathophysiology and objectively assess therapies. In this proof of concept study, we developed a robotic system and a model-based approach to estimate viscous damping and stiffness of the elbow. Our methodology enables the subject to freely rotate the elbow using an admittance controller while torque perturbations tailored to identify the arm dynamics are delivered. The viscosity and stiffness are calculated based on the experimental data using least-squares estimation. We validated our technique using computer simulations and experiments with a nonhuman animal model of PD in the presence and absence of deep brain stimulation therapy. Our data show that stiffness and viscosity measurements can better differentiate rigidity changes than scores previously used for research, including the work and impulse scores, and the modified unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Our estimation method is suitable for quantifying the effect of therapies on viscous damping and stiffness and studying the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying rigidity in PD.
Effects of an Offshore Sailing Competition on Anthropometry, Muscular Performance, Subjective Wellness, and Salivary Cortisol in Professional Sailors
Authors: Philippe Kilian , Paillard Thierry , Maurelli Olivier , Moody Jeremy , Prioux Jacques 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Evidence regarding the impact of offshore sailing on fatigue and readiness variables is conspicuous by its absence. This study investigated the acute effects of an offshore sailing regatta on anthropometry, muscular performance, subjective recovery, and salivary biomarker cortisol. Methods: Ten professional offshore sailors from a mixed-sex crew partook in the study (N = 10; mean [SD] age = 32.2 [3.96] y; stature = 179.1 [7.30] cm; body mass = 84.2 [12.1] kg). The race involved 3 offshore legs over a 3-week period. Baseline measures of anthropometry, lower- and upper-body muscular function, perceptions of subjective wellness, and salivary cortisol were assessed 3 hours prior to competition (ie, before the first leg). These measures were repeated within 30 minutes after the cessation of each leg. During each leg, boat movements were recorded via global positioning system units. Results: There were significant reductions in lower (effect size [ES] = 0.49) and upper muscular (ES = 0.21) functions, as well as in subjective wellness (ES = 1.65). Salivary cortisol levels increased (ES = 0.84). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that, during an intensified period of sailing competition, fatigue will progressively increase. This may impede sailing performance by reducing physical and cognitive efficiency. Furthermore, countermovement jump, handgrip strength, perception of subjective wellness, and cortisol concentration appear to be sensitive measures for monitoring fatigue and readiness in professional sailors.
Does motor control training improve pain and function in adults with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 861 subjects in 16 trials
Authors: Pourahmadi Mohammadreza , Delavari Somayeh , Hayden Jill A , Keshtkar Abbasali , Ahmadi Maryam , Aletaha Azadeh , Nazemipour Maryam , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Rubinstein Sidney M 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of motor control training (MCT) compared with other physical therapist-led interventions, minimal/no intervention or surgery in patients with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation (LDH).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesEight databases and the ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to April 2021.Eligibility criteriaWe included clinical trial studies with concurrent comparison groups which examined the effectiveness of MCT in patients with symptomatic LDH. Primary outcomes were pain intensity and functional status which were expressed as mean difference (MD) and standardised mean difference (SMD), respectively.ResultsWe screened 6695 articles, of which 16 clinical trials (861 participants) were eligible. Fourteen studies were judged to have high risk of bias and two studies had some risk of bias. In patients who did not undergo surgery, MCT resulted in clinically meaningful pain reduction compared with other physical therapist-led interventions (ie, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)) at short-term (MD –28.85, –40.04 to −17.66, n=69, studies=2). However, the robustness of the finding was poor. For functional status, a large and statistically significant treatment effect was found in favour of MCT compared with traditional/classic general exercises at long-term (SMD −0.83 to –1.35 to −0.31, n=63, studies=1) and other physical therapist-led interventions (ie, TENS) at short-term (SMD −1.43 to –2.41 to −0.46, n=69, studies=2). No studies compared MCT with surgery. In patients who had undergone surgery, large SMDs were seen. In favour of MCT compared with traditional/classic general exercises (SMD −0.95 to –1.32 to −0.58, n=124, studies=3), other physical therapist-led interventions (ie, conventional treatments; SMD −2.30 to –2.96 to −1.64, n=60, studies=1), and minimal intervention (SMD −1.34 to –1.87 to −0.81, n=68, studies=2) for functional improvement at short-term. The overall certainty of evidence was very low to low.ConclusionAt short-term, MCT improved pain and function compared with TENS in patients with symptomatic LDH who did not have surgery. MCT improved function compared with traditional/classic general exercises at long-term in patients who had undergone surgery. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the high risk of bias in the majority of studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016038166.
Influence of gestational weight gain on baby’s birth weight in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia: a follow-up study
Authors: Asefa Fekede , Cummins Allison , Dessie Yadeta , Foureur Maralyn , Hayen Andrew 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundGestational weight gain (GWG) is an important indicator of fetal well-being during pregnancy. Inadequate or excessive GWG could have undesirable effects on birth weight. However, information regarding the influence of GWG on birth weight is lacking from the Ethiopian setting.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the influence of GWG and other maternal-related factors on birth weight in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Design and methodsA cohort of pregnant women who received the first antenatal care before or at 16 weeks of gestation in health centres in Addis Ababa were followed from 10 January 2019 to 25 September 2019. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and medical record reviews. We conducted a multivariable linear regression analysis to determine the independent effect of gestational weight on birth weight.ResultsOf the 395 women enrolled in the study, the participants’ pregnancy outcome was available for 329 (83.3%). The mean birth weight was 3130 (SD, 509) g. The proportion of low birth weight (<2500 g) was 7.5% (95% CI 4.8% to 11.0%). Babies born to underweight women were 150.9 g (95% CI 5.8 to 308.6 g, p=0.049) lighter than babies born to normal-weight women. Similarly, babies whose mothers gained inadequate weight were 248 g (95% CI 112.8 to 383.6 g, p<0.001) lighter than those who gained adequate weight. Moreover, babies whose mothers had a previous history of abortion or miscarriages or developed gestational hypertension in the current pregnancy were 147.2 g (95% CI 3.2 to 291.3 g, p=0.045) and 310.7 g (95% CI 62.7 to 552.8 g, p=0.012) lighter, respectively, compared with those whose mothers had not.ConclusionsPrepregnancy weight, GWG, having had a previous history of abortion or miscarriages, and developing gestational hypertension during a current pregnancy were independently associated with birth weight. Pregnancy-related weight management should be actively promoted through intensive counseling during routine antenatal care contacts.
Large scale clinical trials: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Horsley Alex R , Pearmain Laurence , Knight Sean , Schindler Nick , Wang Ran , Bennett Miriam , Robey Rebecca C , Davies Jane C , Djukanović Ratko , Heaney Liam G , Hussell Tracy , Marciniak Stefan J , McGarvey Lorcan P , Porter Joanna , Wilkinson Tom , Brightling Chris , Ho Ling-Pei 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented substantial new challenges to clinical and research teams. Our objective was to analyse the experience of investigators and research delivery staff regarding the research response to COVID-19 in order to identify these challenges as well as solutions for future pandemic planning.MethodsWe conducted a survey of diverse research staff involved in delivery of COVID-19 clinical trials across the UK. This was delivered online across centres linked to the NIHR Respiratory Translational Research Collaboration. Responses were analysed using a formal thematic analysis approach to identify common themes and recommendations.Results83 survey participants from ten teaching hospitals provided 922 individual question responses. Respondents were involved in a range of research delivery roles but the largest cohort (60%) was study investigators. A wide range of research experiences were captured, including early and late phase trials. Responses were coded into overarching themes. Among common observations, complex protocols without adaptation to a pandemic were noted to have hampered recruitment. Recommendations included the need to develop and test pandemic-specific protocols, and make use of innovations in information technology. Research competition needs to be avoided and drug selection processes should be explicitly transparent.ConclusionsDelivery of clinical trials, particularly earlier phase trials, in a pandemic clinical environment is highly challenging, and was reactive rather than anticipatory. Future pandemic studies should be designed and tested in advance, making use of pragmatic study designs as far as possible and planning for integration between early and later phase trials and regulatory frameworks.
Haemoglobin value and red blood cell transfusions in prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Fritsch Sebastian Johannes , Dreher Michael , Simon Tim-Philipp , Marx Gernot , Bickenbach Johannes 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe role of haemoglobin (Hb) value and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) is still controversial. Pathophysiological considerations recommend a not too restrictive transfusion strategy, whereas adverse effects of transfusions are reported. We aimed to investigate the association between Hb value, RBC transfusion and clinical outcome of patients undergoing prolonged weaning from MV.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single-centred, observational study including patients being transferred to a specialised weaning unit. Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, current and past medical history and the current course of treatment were collected. Weaning failure and mortality were chosen as primary and secondary endpoint, respectively. Differences between transfused and non-transfused patients were analysed. To evaluate the impact of different risk factors including Hb value and RBC transfusion on clinical outcome, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used.Results184 patients from a specialised weaning unit were analysed, of whom 36 (19.6%) failed to be weaned successfully. In-hospital mortality was 18.5%. 90 patients (48.9%) required RBC transfusion during the weaning process, showing a significantly lower Hb value (g/L) (86.3±5.3) than the non-transfusion group (95.8±10.5). In the multivariate regression analysis (OR 3.24; p=0.045), RBC transfusion was associated with weaning failure. However, the transfusion group had characteristics indicating that these patients were still in a more critical state of disease.ConclusionsIn our analysis, the need for RBC transfusion was independently associated with weaning failure. However, it is unclear whether the transfusion itself should be considered an independent risk factor or an additional symptom of a persistent critical patient condition.
Comparison of lumen-apposing metal stents versus double-pigtail plastic stents for infected necrotising pancreatitis
Authors: Boxhoorn Lotte , Verdonk Robert C , Besselink Marc G , Boermeester Marja , Bollen Thomas L , Bouwense Stefan AW , Cappendijk Vincent C , Curvers Wouter L , Dejong Cornelis H , van Dijk Sven M , van Dullemen Hendrik M , van Eijck Casper HJ , van Geenen Erwin JM , Hadithi Muhammed , Hazen Wouter L , Honkoop Pieter , van Hooft Jeanin E , Jacobs Maarten AJM , Kievits June EC , Kop Marnix PM , Kouw Eva , Kuiken Sjoerd D , Ledeboer Michiel , Nieuwenhuijs Vincent B , Perk Lars E , Poley Jan-Werner , Quispel Rutger , de Ridder Rogier JJ , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , Sperna Weiland Christina J , Stommel Martijn WJ , Timmerhuis Hester C , Witteman Ben J , Umans Devica S , Venneman Niels G , Vleggaar Frank P , van Wanrooij Roy LJ , Bruno Marco J , Fockens Paul , Voermans Rogier P 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveLumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) are believed to clinically improve endoscopic transluminal drainage of infected necrosis when compared with double-pigtail plastic stents. However, comparative data from prospective studies are very limited.DesignPatients with infected necrotising pancreatitis, who underwent an endoscopic step-up approach with LAMS within a multicentre prospective cohort study were compared with the data of 51 patients in the randomised TENSION trial who had been assigned to the endoscopic step-up approach with double-pigtail plastic stents. The clinical study protocol was otherwise identical for both groups. Primary end point was the need for endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy. Secondary end points included mortality, major complications, hospital stay and healthcare costs.ResultsA total of 53 patients were treated with LAMS in 16 hospitals during 27 months. The need for endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy was 64% (n=34) and was not different from the previous trial using plastic stents (53%, n=27)), also after correction for baseline characteristics (OR 1.21 (95% CI 0.45 to 3.23)). Secondary end points did not differ between groups either, which also included bleeding requiring intervention—5 patients (9%) after LAMS placement vs 11 patients (22%) after placement of plastic stents (relative risk 0.44; 95% CI 0.16 to 1.17). Total healthcare costs were also comparable (mean difference −€6348, bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI −€26 386 to €10 121).ConclusionOur comparison of two patient groups from two multicentre prospective studies with a similar design suggests that LAMS do not reduce the need for endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy when compared with double-pigtail plastic stents in patients with infected necrotising pancreatitis. Also, the rate of bleeding complications was comparable.