bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scoring Systems for Organ Dysfunction and Multiple Organ Dysfunction: The PODIUM Consensus Conference
Authors: Schlapbach Luregn J. , Weiss Scott L. , Bembea Melania M. , Carcillo Joseph A. , Leclerc Francis , Leteurtre Stephane , Tissieres Pierre , Wynn James L. , Zimmerman Jerry , Lacroix Jacques 
Published: December 2021

CONTEXT
Multiple scores exist to characterize organ dysfunction in children.

OBJECTIVE
To review the literature on multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) scoring systems to estimate severity of illness and to characterize the performance characteristics of currently used scoring tools and clinical assessments for organ dysfunction in critically ill children.

DATA SOURCES
Electronic searches of PubMed and Embase were conducted from January 1992 to January 2020.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies were included if they evaluated critically ill children with MOD, evaluated the performance characteristics of scoring tools for MOD, and assessed outcomes related to mortality, functional status, organ-specific outcomes, or other patient-centered outcomes.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data were abstracted into a standard data extraction form by a task force member.

RESULTS
Of 1152 unique abstracts screened, 156 full text studies were assessed including a total of 54 eligible studies. The most commonly reported scores were the Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score (PELOD), pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (pSOFA), Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM), PRISM, and counts of organ dysfunction using the International Pediatric Sepsis Definition Consensus Conference. Cut-offs for specific organ dysfunction criteria, diagnostic elements included, and use of counts versus weighting varied substantially.

LIMITATIONS
While scores demonstrated an increase in mortality associated with the severity and number of organ dysfunctions, the performance ranged widely.

CONCLUSIONS
The multitude of scores on organ dysfunction to assess severity of illness indicates a need for unified and data-driven organ dysfunction criteria, derived and validated in large, heterogenous international databases of critically ill children.
Cardiovascular Dysfunction Criteria in Critically Ill Children: The PODIUM Consensus Conference
Authors: Alexander Peta M.A. , Checchia Paul A. , Ryerson Lindsay M. , Bohn Desmond , Eckerle Michelle , Gaies Michael , Laussen Peter , Jeffries Howard , Thiagarajan Ravi R. , Shekerdemian Lara , Bembea Melania M. , Zimmerman Jerry J. , Kissoon Niranjan 
Published: December 2021

CONTEXT
Cardiovascular dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill children.

OBJECTIVE
We aim to derive an evidence-informed, consensus-based definition of cardiovascular dysfunction in critically ill children.

DATA SOURCES
Electronic searches of PubMed and Embase were conducted from January 1992 to January 2020 using medical subject heading terms and text words to define concepts of cardiovascular dysfunction, pediatric critical illness, and outcomes of interest.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies were included if they evaluated critically ill children with cardiovascular dysfunction and assessment and/or scoring tools to screen for cardiovascular dysfunction and assessed mortality, functional status, organ-specific, or other patient-centered outcomes. Studies of adults, premature infants (≤36 weeks gestational age), animals, reviews and/or commentaries, case series (sample size ≤10), and non–English-language studies were excluded. Studies of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease or cardiovascular dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass were excluded.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data were abstracted from each eligible study into a standard data extraction form, along with risk-of-bias assessment by a task force member.

RESULTS
Cardiovascular dysfunction was defined by 9 elements, including 4 which indicate severe cardiovascular dysfunction. Cardiopulmonary arrest (&gt;5 minutes) or mechanical circulatory support independently define severe cardiovascular dysfunction, whereas tachycardia, hypotension, vasoactive-inotropic score, lactate, troponin I, central venous oxygen saturation, and echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction were included in any combination. There was expert agreement (&gt;80%) on the definition.

LIMITATIONS
All included studies were observational and many were retrospective.

CONCLUSIONS
The Pediatric Organ Dysfunction Information Update Mandate panel propose this evidence-informed definition of cardiovascular dysfunction.
Respiratory Dysfunction Criteria in Critically Ill Children: The PODIUM Consensus Conference
Authors: Yehya Nadir , Khemani Robinder G. , Erickson Simon , Smith Lincoln S. , Rowan Courtney M. , Jouvet Philippe , Willson Doug F. , Cheifetz Ira M. , Ward Shan , Thomas Neal J. 
Published: December 2021

CONTEXT
Respiratory dysfunction is a component of every organ failure scoring system developed, reflecting the significance of the lung in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. However, existing systems do not reflect current practice and are not consistently evidence based.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to review the literature to identify the components of respiratory failure associated with outcomes in children, with the purpose of developing an operational and evidence-based definition of respiratory dysfunction.

DATA SOURCES
Electronic searches of PubMed and Embase were conducted from 1992 to January 2020 by using a combination of medical subject heading terms and text words to define respiratory dysfunction, critical illness, and outcomes.

STUDY SELECTION
We included studies of critically ill children with respiratory dysfunction that evaluated the performance of metrics of respiratory dysfunction and their association with patient-centered outcomes. Studies in adults, studies in premature infants (≤36 weeks’ gestational age), animal studies, reviews and commentaries, case series with sample sizes ≤10, and studies not published in English in which we were unable to determine eligibility criteria were excluded.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data were abstracted into a standard data extraction form.

RESULTS
We provided binary (no or yes) and graded (no, nonsevere, or severe) definitions of respiratory dysfunction, prioritizing oxygenation and respiratory support. The proposed criteria were approved by 82% of members in the first round, with a score of 8 of 9 (interquartile range 7–8).

LIMITATIONS
Exclusion of non-English publications, heterogeneity across the pediatric age range, small sample sizes, and incomplete handling of confounders are limitations.

CONCLUSIONS
We propose definitions for respiratory dysfunction in critically ill children after an exhaustive literature review.
Acute Liver Dysfunction Criteria in Critically Ill Children: The PODIUM Consensus Conference
Authors: Squires James E. , McKiernan Patrick J. , Squires Robert H. 
Published: December 2021

CONTEXT
Develop evidence-based criteria for individual organ dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES
Evaluate current evidence and develop contemporary consensus criteria for acute liver dysfunction with associated outcomes in critically ill children.

DATA SOURCES
Electronic searches of PubMed and Embase conducted from January 1992 to January 2020, used medical subject heading terms and text words to characterize acute liver dysfunction and outcomes.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies evaluating critically ill children with acute liver dysfunction, assessed screening tools, and outcomes were included. Studies evaluating adults, infants ≤36 weeks gestational age, or animals or were reviews/commentaries, case series with sample size ≤10, or non-English language studies were excluded.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data were abstracted from each eligible study into a data extraction form along with risk of bias assessment by a task force member.

RESULTS
The systematic review supports criteria for acute liver dysfunction, in the absence of known chronic liver disease, as having onset of symptoms &lt;8 weeks, combined with biochemical evidence of acute liver injury, and liver-based coagulopathy, with hepatic encephalopathy required for an international normalized ratio between 1.5 and 2.0.

LIMITATIONS
Unable to assess acute-on-chronic liver dysfunction, subjective nature of hepatic encephalopathy, relevant articles missed by reviewers.

CONCLUSIONS
Proposed criteria identify an infant, child, or adolescent who has reached a clinical threshold where any of the 3 outcomes (alive with native liver, death, or liver transplant) are possible and should prompt an urgent liaison with a recognized pediatric liver transplant center if liver failure is the principal driver of multiple organ dysfunction.
Hematologic Dysfunction Criteria in Critically Ill Children: The PODIUM Consensus Conference
Authors: Muszynski Jennifer A. , Cholette Jill M. , Steiner Marie E. , Tucci Marisa , Doctor Allan , Parker Robert I. 
Published: December 2021

CONTEXT
Studies of organ dysfunction in children are limited by a lack of consensus around organ dysfunction criteria.

OBJECTIVES
To derive evidence-informed, consensus-based criteria for hematologic dysfunction in critically ill children.

DATA SOURCES
Data sources included PubMed and Embase from January 1992 to January 2020.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies were included if they evaluated assessment/scoring tools to screen for hematologic dysfunction and assessed outcomes of mortality, functional status, organ-specific outcomes, or other patient-centered outcomes. Studies of adults or premature infants, animal studies, reviews/commentaries, small case series, and non-English language studies with inability to determine eligibility were excluded.

DATA EXTRACTION
Data were abstracted from each eligible study into a standard data extraction form along with risk of bias assessment.

RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies were included. The systematic review supports the following criteria for hematologic dysfunction: thrombocytopenia (platelet count &lt;100000 cells/µL in patients without hematologic or oncologic diagnosis, platelet count &lt;30000 cells/µL in patients with hematologic or oncologic diagnoses, or platelet count decreased ≥50% from baseline; or leukocyte count &lt;3000 cells/µL; or hemoglobin concentration between 5 and 7 g/dL (nonsevere) or &lt;5 g/dL (severe).

LIMITATIONS
Most studies evaluated pre-specified thresholds of cytopenias. No studies addressed associations between the etiology or progression of cytopenias overtime with outcomes, and no studies evaluated cellular function.

CONCLUSIONS
Hematologic dysfunction, as defined by cytopenia, is a risk factor for poor outcome in critically ill children, although specific threshold values associated with increased mortality are poorly defined by the current literature.
Pengaruh priming terhadap vigor benih kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril.) yang dikecambahkan pada media dengan cekaman alumunium
Authors: Agustiansyah Agustiansyah , Timotiwu Paul B , Lutfiah Nabila 
Published: December 2021

Kandungan aluminium yang tinggi pada tanah Ultisol merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam budidaya tanaman kedelai mulai dari fase perkecambahan hingga pertumbuhan tanaman. Perlakuan priming pada benih diyakini mampu memperbaiki perkecambahan pada lingkungan yang kurang menguntungkan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh priming pada perkecambahan benih kedelai yang dikecambahkan dalam media masam dan mengandung aluminium. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah jenis priming : tanpa priming, H2O (air), KNO3 1%, KNO3 2%, GA3 50 ppm, GA3 100 ppm, dan PEG 6000 7,5%. Faktor kedua adalah varietas kedelai yaitu: Anjasmoro, Burangrang, dan Grobogan. Data dianalisis sidik ragamnya dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) 5% menggunakan program statistika R Studio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan priming PEG 7,5% dan varietas Burangrang secara mandiri merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk meningkatkan vigor benih kedelai berdasarkan variabel waktu muncul kecambah, kecepatan perkecambahan, dan panjang hipokotil. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah PEG 7,5% dapat digunakan untuk perbaikan perkecambahan pada tanah masam dengan kandungan aluminium yang relatif tinggi. High aluminium content in Ultisol is the main problem in soybean cultivation from germination to planting growth phases.Priming treatment is believed to improve seed germination in a poor-growing environment. This study aimed to determine the effect of priming of soybean seeds germinated under acid medium and aluminium stress. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial pattern. The first factor was priming type : no priming, H2O (water), 1% KNO3, 2% KNO3, 50 ppm GA3, 100 ppm GA3, and 7.5% PEG 6000. The second factor was soybean variety : Anjasmoro, Burangrang, and Grobogan. The data obtained were analyzed using the R Studio statistic program with a 5% HSD test. The study resulted that each PEG 7.5% priming and Burangrang variety independently was the best in increasing soybean seed vigor based on sprout time emergence, germination speed and hypocotyl length. This research implicates that PEG 7.5% can be used to improve seed germination on acid soils with high aluminium content.
Perbedaan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas varietas bayam hijau dan bayam merah
Authors: Ritonga Arya Widura , Ar Rosyid Muhammad Syaifuk , Anderson Axel , Chozin Muhamad Achmad , Purwono Purwono 
Published: December 2021

Bayam termasuk salah satu sayuran terpenting di Indonesia karena paling banyak dikonsumsi setelah kangkung. Bayam hijau dan bayam merah merupakan jenis bayam paling banyak ditanam dan dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas varietas bayam hijau dan bayam merah. Penelitian dilakukan pada Februari – April 2021 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University. Sebanyak 9 varietas bayam hijau (Maryland, Richie, Maestro, Benua, Doly, Khanafiah, Manila, Pacific, White Leaf) dan 4 varietas bayam merah (Mira, Baret Merah, Clara, Aurora) ditanam menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa varietas bayam hijau memiliki kandungan persentase warna hijau daun lebih banyak namun memiliki persentase warna biru dan merah yang lebih rendah dibandingkan varietas bayam merah. Hasil penelitian juga memperlihatkan bahwa varietas bayam hijau menghasilkan tinggi tanaman dan produktivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan varietas bayam merah, namun varietas bayam merah menghasilkan luas daun dan jumlah daun per tanaman saat panen yang lebih baik besar dibandingkan varietas bayam hijau. Varietas White Leaf merupakan varietas bayam yang sangat baik karena memiliki persentase warna hijau daun yang tinggi, luas daun yang besar dan produktivitas yang tinggi. Spinach is one of the most important vegetables in Indonesia because it was the second most consumed after kangkung. Green spinach and red spinach are the most widely grown and consumed types of spinach. This study aimed to determine differences in growth and productivity between varieties of green spinach and red spinach. The research was conducted in February – April 2021 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Field, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. A total of nine varieties of green spinach and four varieties of red spinach were planted using a completely randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the green spinach variety contained a higher percentage of green leaf color but had a lower percentage of blue and red leaf color than the red spinach varieties. The results also showed that the green spinach varieties produced better plant height and productivity than the red spinach varieties, but the red spinach produced better leaf area and a number of leaves per plant at harvest than the green spinach. The White Leaf variety is the excellent spinach variety because it has a high percentage of green leaf color, large leaf area, and high productivity.
Mitigasi Bencana Gunungapi Anak Krakatau (GAK) di Kecamatan Rajasaba Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Berbasis Tempat Evakuasi Sementara (TES)
Authors: Purbani Dini , Solihuddin Tubagus , Husrin Semeidi , Salim Hadiwijaya Lesmana , Ramdhan Muhammad , Heriati Aida , Daulat August , Ontowiryo Budianto 
Published: December 2021

Kecamatan Rajabasa yang berada di pesisir Kabupaten Lampung Selatan mengalami tsunami akibat longsornya GAK pada 22 Desember 2018. Kejadian tersebut menyebabkan kematian 431 jiwa, lebih dari 7200 jiwa luka dan kehilangan tempat tinggal 46.646 jiwa. Waktu penjalaran di Kecamatan Rajabasa 35 menit dengan tinggi gelombang 4 meter. Menurut data BMKG tahun 2018 diperoleh data inundasi yang terjauhdi Kecamatan Rajabasa lokasi Desa Waymuli dari 152, 5 m-348, 3 m.Untuk mengantisipasi jumlah korban dilakukan upaya mitigasi bencana dengan menggunakanaplikasi network analysis dari perangkat lunak SIG (Sistim Informasi Geografis).Data yang digunakan dalam proses network analysis adalah data jalan yang diperoleh dari Open Street Map tahun 2019 dan diperkuat dengan waktu penjalaran serta waktu kecepatan menuju TES. Penelitian ini menggunakan waktu kecepatan 0,751 m/detik, waktu yang diperlukan untuk orang tua berkelompok. Hasil dari proses network analisis menghasilkan rute yang terbaik menuju usulan Tempat Evakuasi Sementara (TES). Jumlah usulan TES dari hasil analisis berjumlah lima lokasi yaitu Usulan TES 1 : NN shop (Desa Betung), Usulan TES 2 : Mesjid Nurul Islam (Desa Canggung), Usulan TES 3 : bangunan rumah (Desa Banding), Usulan TES 4 : bangunan rumah (Desa Rajabasa) dan Usulan TES 5 : bangunan rumah (Desa Waymuli). Ke lima usulan tersebut berada di jalan Pesisir. Pasca tsunami Pemda menyediakan hunian sementara dan hunian tetapbagi korban bencana.
Fauna ekinodermata di perairan Pulau Keffing, Seram Bagian Timur, Maluku
Authors: Radjab Abdul Wahab , Polnaya Dominggus , Barends Wempi , Ainarwowan Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

Perairan pulau Keffing memiliki ekosistem mangrove, ekosistem lamun, maupun ekosistem karang yang masih relatif baik, perairan pantai pulau Keffing didominasi oleh habitat pasir, pasir kasar dan lumpur yang sangat menunjang kehidupan fauna ekinodermata. Penelitian tentang ekinodermata di perairan pulau Keffing perlu dilakukan mengingat akhir-akhir ini kurangnya data dan informasi tentang biota tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan, dominasi dan kepadatan ekinodermata di perairan pulau Keffing. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Nopember-Desember 2018, pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metoda transek kuadrat dan koleksi bebas pada 3 lokasi di perairan pulau Keffing. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekinodermata yang dijumpai berjumlah 7 jenis, 7 famili, dan 4 kelas. Nilai dominasi tertinggi sebesar 0.003 yang menunjukan bahwa terdapat dominasi spesies tertentu yaitu Holothuroidea. Sedangkan kepadatan ekinodermata berdasarkan kelompok kelas pada perairan pulau Keffing tertinggi pada kelas Holothuroidea, famili Stichopodidae dari jenis Stichopus variegatus sebesar 0,705 ind/m2 yang didominasi oleh habitat pasir yang ditumbuhi lamun.
Effectivity of Normal Concrete and Clamshell as Materials of Artificial Pyramid Reef at Pasir Putih Beach, Situbondo - Indonesia
Authors: Akhwady Rudhy , Akhyar Maududi Muhammad , Chandra Dewi Dwi , Muzaky Luthfi Oktiyas 
Published: December 2021

The bivalve anadara grandis is one of the most abundant shells which are easy to find in Indonesian waters. The number of clams consumed is directly proportional to the amount of clamshell waste, which the most part is only disposed into waste. Coral reef has a very important purpose in supporting activities in coastal areas. Artificial reef is a structure that has aim to restore the biological purpose coral reef that have been damaged. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the use of normal concrete (made from sand, cement dan splits only) than clamshell mixture as materials of artificial reef. A field research was conducted in Pasir Putih, Situbondo, with visual descriptive method (transect with a quadrant of 25 x 25cm) and underwater camera as an aid to facilitate the observation. During the 4-month observation of the drowning, nine types of biotas were found in attaching, with the dominant biota attached to these artificial reef were bivalves, barnacles, and bryozoan. Results show that the total number and density of calcareous biota attached on clamshell concretes are higher than those of standard concretes. So, it could be concluded that the concrete reefs made of clamshells resulted in attachment of biota slightly higher than it of normal concretes and the benefits of both materials can form the coral reef ecosystem well. In particular, the use of artificial reef with a mixture of clamshells is better than normal concrete because its more effective for algae attachment and cheaper because low budget due to the material availability of clamshell presently as damage and wastes in coastal area.
Ontoloji-Epistemoloji İlişkisinde Uzlaştırmacı Bir Kavram Önerisi: Şemseddin es-Semerkandî'de İtibârî Vücûdî Mâhiyet
Authors: TANRIBİLİR Tarık 
Published: December 2021

Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelâm geleneğinde felsefî kelâm yöntemini benimseyen ilk âlim olan Şemseddin es-Semerkandî, kelâm, mantık, matematik, astronomi, tefsir, âdâb ve münâzara gibi çeşitli alanlarda eserler vererek kendisini aklî ve naklî ilimlerde kanıtlamış önemli bir Türk-İslâm düşünürüdür. Sisteminin merkezine mantık ilmini yerleştiren Semerkandî, ileri sürülen her görüş ve delili mantıksal analiz etmiş ve hakikate ulaşmayı amaçlamıştır. Onun kesin ve gerçek bilgiye ulaşmayı amaçladığı konuların başında ilahî sıfatlar, evrenin zamansallığı ve Tanrı-evren ilişkisi gelmektedir. Bu meyanda Semerkandî, ilahî ve evrensel sıfatların ontolojik karakterini analiz etmiştir. İşe mâhiyet çeşitlerini analiz etmekle başlayan yazar için itibârî vücûdî mâhiyet kavramı kilit rol oynamaktadır. Vücûdî kavramını, “öz anlamında ve hakikatinde herhangi bir olumsuzluk bulunmayan” şeklinde tanımlayarak vücûdî olmak için bir blok olarak var olmayı ve varlığında hiçbir olumsuzluk bulunmamayı şart koşan Semerkandî, bu kavrama özgün bir açılım getirmektedir.
Taayyünü, “mevcûdu zihnî ve haricî varlıkların tamamından ayrıştıran bir sıfat” olarak tanımlayan Semerkandî, bu kavramın vücûdî bir mâhiyete sahip olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Vâcip varlık hakkındaki kaygıları neticesinde vâcip varlık ile taayyünü özdeş kabul eden İslâm filozoflarını yadsımayan Semerkandî, taayyünü “vücûdî” olarak değerlendirmesi durumunda Tanrı hakkında ortaya çıkabilecek çokluk ve nedenlilik şaibelerini de “itibârî” kavramıyla aşmaktadır. Nitekim Semerkandî, varlığı hakikî ve itibarî olmak üzere iki kısma ayırıp hakikî varlığı, “gerçek anlamda mevcûd olup hiçbir aklî varsayıma dayanmayan”; itibarî varlığı ise “aklî varsayıma dayanan” şeklinde tanımlamaktadır. Bu durumda ise gerçek bir çokluk ya da nedenlilikten söz etmek mümkün değildir.
Semerkandî, vücûb kavramının itibarî vücûdî mâhiyet kapsamına girdiğini iddia etmektedir. Zira vücûb, “zâtın zorunlu olarak varlığı gerektirmesi” anlamına gelmektedir. Varlığı gerektiren bir şeyin varlığın hükmünü alması gerektiğinden dolayı vücûbun da vücûdî olması gerektiği çıkarılmaktadır. O, vücûb kavramını nesnel varlıktan bağışık, bilişsel bir oluşum anlamında itibarî mâhiyet ile nitelendirerek Tanrı hakkında ortaya çıkabilecek bir çokluk şaibesinin de önüne geçmektedir.
İmkânın vücûdî bir mâhiyet olarak değerlendirilmesinin Tanrı’nın mûcib bizzât, evrenin ise kadîm olmasını gerektirebileceği endişesiyle kelâmcılar, imkânı ademî bir mâhiyet olarak kabul etmişlerdir. Semerkandî, imkânın hakikî ademî ya da itibarî vücûdî mâhiyet kapsamında kabul edilebileceğini ifade etmektedir. Nitekim imkânın bu minvalde değerlendirilmesi Tanrı’nın mûcib bizzât, evrenin ise kadîm olması ihtimallerini de ortadan kaldırmaktadır.
Tanrı’ya isnat edilip de O’nun zâtında çokluk oluşturabilecek ya da evrene isnat edilip de evrenin kadîm olmasına neden olabilecek sıfatlar, itibarî vücûdî mâhiyet kapsamında değerlendirilerek Tanrı’nın birliği ve O’nun yegâne kadîm varlık olduğu fikri temellendirilmiştir.