bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity assessment of two IGR insecticides on eggs and larvae of the ladybird Eriopis connexa
Authors: Noelia Fogel Marilina , Clara Scorsetti Ana , Graciela Minardi , Inés Schneider Marcela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEriopis connexa is an important predator in the Neotropical region, associated with pests of economic relevance on horticultural crops in Argentina. The use of broad‐spectrum insecticides could reduce the biodiversity of these natural enemies in agroecosystems and put at risk its conservation. New, selective “risk reduced” insecticides could be an alternative to conventional chemical control to promote sustainable agriculture. The goal of this work was to assess the lethal and sublethal effects of two insect growth regulator (IGR) insecticides on eggs and two larval instars of E. connexa exposed to insecticides.RESULTSPyriproxyfen and cypermethrin significantly affected egg hatching by 28.8% and 70.4%, respectively. Pyriproxyfen reduced the survival of larvae that emerged by ≈52% from Day (D3)3 after hatching and caused the lengthening of developmental time for both larval and pupal stages. By contrast, teflubenzuron did not reduce hatching and survival but shortened the developmental time of the pupae stage. Cypermethrin reduced the survival of 2nd (L2) and 4th (L4) larval instars by 36.4% and 74.6%, respectively, and lengthened the development time of L2. Pyriproxyfen lengthened the development time of L4 and reduced the fecundity and fertility of females. Teflubenzuron reduced survival of L2 and L4 larval instars by 46.9% and 28.6%, respectively, and lengthened the total development time for the larval stage. In addition, teflubenzuron reduced the fecundity and fertility of females.CONCLUSIONSBoth eggs and larvae were susceptible to exposure to IGR, showing lethal and sublethal effects. This study highlights, once again, the higher toxicity of cypermethrin to E. connexa. The toxicity of both IGR insecticides could impair the performance of E. connexa as a biological control agent in agroecosystems. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimum degradation test sampling plan for the Wiener process
Authors: Hu Cheng‐Hung , Huang Chih‐Yuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose degradation test sampling plans (DTSPs) used to determine the acceptability of a product in a Wiener process model. A test statistic and the acceptance criterion based on Wiener process parameter estimates are proposed. The design of a degradation test is investigated using a model incorporating test cost constraint to minimize the asymptotic variance of the proposed test statistic. Some important variables, including the sample size, measurement frequency, and the total test time, are chosen as decision variables in a degradation test plan. The asymptotic variance of the test statistic and the approximate functional forms of the optimal solutions are derived. A search algorithm is also represented in a flow chart for the purpose of finding the optimal DTSPs. In addition, we assess the minimum cost requirement for the result of the test procedure to satisfy the minimum requirements for the producer's risk and the consumer's risk. When the given test budget is not large enough, we suggest some methods to find appropriate solutions. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. Optimum DTSPs are obtained and tabulated for some combinations of commonly used producer and consumer risk requirements. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the obtained DTSPs to the cost parameters used.
Examination of amino acid hydrogen isotope measurements of scalp hair for region‐of‐origin studies
Authors: Mancuso Christy J. , Ehleringer James R. , Newsome Seth D. 
Published: November 2022

RationaleHydrogen isotope (δ2H) analysis of keratinaceous bulk tissues has been used in forensic science to reconstruct an individual's travel history or determine their region‐of‐origin. Here, we use a compound‐specific approach to examine patterns of individual amino acid δ2H values in relation to those of local tap water, bulk scalp hair tissues, and region‐of‐origin.MethodsWe measured δ2H values of amino acids in anonymously collected scalp hair (n = 67) and tap water from 28 locations in the United States. Samples were hydrolyzed into their constituent amino acids, derivatized alongside in‐house reference materials, and analyzed in triplicate using a GC‐C‐IRMS system.ResultsNon‐essential amino acid (AANESS) δ2H values and their corresponding tap water samples varied systematically across continental regions. Hydrogen isotope values of alanine, glutamic acid, and glycine were significantly correlated with tap water and an estimated 42%–51% of the hydrogen atoms in these AANESS were derived from tap water. We used linear discriminate analysis (LDA) to explore regional patterns in scalp hair bulk tissue and amino acid δ2H values. For the model that included AANESS data, 87% of the variance was explained by the first linear discriminant axis (LD1), and was driven by bulk hair tissue, alanine, and proline. This model had an overall 72% successful reclassification with samples from the south and northwest regions reclassifying correctly 92% and 78% of the time, respectively. For the model that included AAESS data, LD1 explained 81% of the variation and was driven bulk hair, threonine, valine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine. The overall reclassification rate for the model that included AAESS was 70%.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that δ2H analyses of AANESS and AAESS could help improve geolocation models for human and wildlife forensics by simultaneously providing information about both dietary and tap water inputs of hydrogen to tissue synthesis.
A meta‐analysis and model comparison of juvenile salmon growth across different habitat types
Authors: Dudley Peter N. , Hendrix Albert Noble , Osterback Ann‐Marie K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe size of an organism is an important factor for a variety of physiological and ecological processes. For fishes, larger size can increase long‐term survival and provide a population level benefit. Therefore, threatened and endangered species management often focuses on supporting high quality habitat that provides growth opportunities. There are numerous habitat characteristics that can affect growth, including food availability, temperature, and habitat complexity. Understanding how growth responds to habitat types of different quality is the first step in determining what could lead to increased growth and potentially increased individual survival. We use Bayesian techniques to determine which of the differing methods is best for modeling the effects of habitat type and temperature on growth. To apply this method, we gather data from previous studies of the growth benefits of differing habitats and temperature regimes on Chinook salmon on the Sacramento River, CA, USA. We find a consistent growth benefit of floodplain rearing across multiple studies and show that a Ratkowsky model is the best for modeling this growth data. This information can specifically help managers model and protect the endangered and threatened Chinook populations in this system and more generally understand fish growth across differing habitat types.
Revisiting laboratory methods for measuring soil water retention curves
Authors: Parker Nathaniel , Patrignani Andres 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTraditional laboratory methods for measuring soil water retention curves (SWRCs) typically consist of suction tables, pressure cells, and pressure plate apparatus (i.e., traditional methods). However, technological advancement has resulted in newer methods based on precision mini‐tensiometers and dew point water potential meters (i.e., modern methods). This study investigated the discrepancy between SWRCs measured using traditional and modern methods in three soil textures. Our results showed that SWRCs from both traditional and modern methods were similar at the wet end (i.e., matric potentials 0 to −10 kPa) and at the dry end (−500 to −1,500 kPa) of the SWRC, with an average mean absolute difference (MAD) across all three soils of 0.033 and 0.017 cm3 cm−3, respectively. The largest discrepancy between methods was consistently observed at moderate tensions of −33 and −70 kPa for the three soils, with an average MAD of 0.059 cm3 cm−3 for −33 kPa and a MAD of 0.083 cm3 cm−3 for −70 kPa. Plant available water capacity differed by up to 20% between the traditional and modern methods in a clay loam soil. While previous studies have mostly focused on the dry end of the SWRC, our study suggests that additional research comparing traditional and modern methods is required at moderate (−70 and −500 kPa) tension levels.
Soil degradation and crop yield declines persist 5 years after pipeline installations
Authors: Brehm Theresa , Culman Steve 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDegradation of natural resources, including increased soil compaction, soil horizon mixing, and decreased crop yields have been common outcomes of underground pipeline installation. However, most of the research documenting the impacts of pipeline installation on soil and crops was conducted before contemporary best management practices were developed and implemented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of pipeline installation on soils and field crops after a 4‐ to 5‐year remediation period, coinciding with the end of landowner compensation and when sites are considered fully remediated by pipeline companies. We report soil properties and corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields from three independently operated pipelines at 29 sites across 8 Ohio counties. We observed significant degradation in soil physical properties, such as surface penetration resistance (15.3% increase) and mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (13.6% decrease) in right‐of‐way (ROW) areas compared with adjacent (ADJ) areas, respectively. Soils in ROW showed evidence of soil horizon mixing, with 25.0 g kg−1 higher clay compared with ADJ areas. Soil degradation resulted in decreases of 23.8% and 19.5% in corn yields and 7.4% and 12.5% in soybean yields during 2020 and 2021, respectively. Widespread disturbance persisted 5 years following pipeline installation in soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Current best management practices of pipeline installation and remediation employed by three companies were insufficient to combat widespread soil degradation and crop yield loss.
Fracture behavior of basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete subjected to high temperatures
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Yanru , Song Bo , Xing Yongming , He Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe three‐point bending test was conducted and the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to observe the full‐field displacement and strain of the notched beam. The initial cracking load and the crack mouth opening displacement were determined based on the deformation field near the tip and mouth of the notch. The initial cracking toughness Kini and the unstable fracture toughness Kun calculated according to the double‐K fracture model, the fracture energy GF and the ductility index Du determined with a modified method, and the equivalent fracture toughness K at four different deformation stages, were analyzed under different temperatures and basalt fiber contents. The results showed that Kini exhibited a monotonic decrease trend with the increasing temperature, indicating that the notched beam was prone to initial cracking after high temperatures. However, Kini rose slowly with the increase of the fiber content, suggesting that the basalt fiber had little influence on Kini. At the temperatures below 400°C, the Kun, GF, Du, and K at each deformation stage increased with the rise of temperature. At the temperatures above 400°C, the Kun, GF, Du, and K at each deformation stage apparently decreased with the increase of temperature. Under the current test conditions, the basalt fiber content of 0.4% by volume had the greatest improvement on the fracture performances of concrete after high temperatures.
EF‐24 inhibits TPA‐induced cellular migration and MMP‐9 expression through the p38 signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yuan , Ho Yung‐Chuan , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Hsin Min‐Chieh , Wang Po‐Hui , Tang Ya‐Cheng , Yang Shun‐Fa , Hsiao Yi‐Hsuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiphenyl difluoroketone (EF‐24), a synthetic curcumin analog, has enhanced bioavailability over curcumin. EF‐24 acts more powerful bioactivity for anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer activity. However, the effects and mechanism of EF‐24 on cervical cancer has not been fully investigated. Herein, this study evaluated the effects of EF‐24 on TPA‐induced cellular migration of cervical cancer. The results showed that EF‐24 substantially reduced the cellular migration and cellular invasion of the HeLa and SiHa cells. Moreover, gelatin zymography, western blotting analyses and real‐time PCR revealed that EF‐24 suppressed Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) activity, protein expression and mRNA levels. Mechanistically, EF‐24 inhibited the phosphorylation of the p38 signaling pathway. In conclusion, EF‐24 inhibited TPA‐induced cellular migration and cellular invasion of cervical cancer cell lines through modulating MMP‐9 expression via downregulating signaling p38 pathway and EF‐24 may have potential to serve as a chemopreventive agent of cervical cancer.
Identification of genomic regions associated with the plasticity of carbon 13 ratio in soybean
Authors: Chamarthi Siva K. , Kaler Avjinder S. , Abdel‐Haleem Hussein , Fritschi Felix B. , Gillman Jason D. , Ray Jeffery D. , Smith James R. , Purcell Larry C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImproving water use efficiency (WUE) for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] through selection for high carbon isotope (C13) ratio may increase drought tolerance, but increased WUE may limit growth in productive environments. An ideal genotype would be plastic for C13 ratio; that is, be able to alter C13 ratio in response to the environment. Our objective was to identify genomic regions associated with C13 ratio plasticity, C13 ratio stability, and overall C13 ratio in two panels of diverse Maturity Group IV soybean accessions. A second objective was to identify accessions that differed in their C13 ratio plasticity. Panel 1 (205 accessions) was evaluated in seven irrigated and four drought environments, and Panel 2 (373 accessions) was evaluated in four environments. Plasticity was quantified as the slope from regressing C13 ratio of individual genotypes against an environmental index calculated based on the mean within and across environments. The regression intercept was considered a measure of C13 ratio over all environments, and the root mean square error was considered a measure of stability. Combined over both panels, genome‐wide association mapping (GWAM) identified 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for plasticity, 39 SNPs for C13 ratio, and 16 SNPs for stability. Among these SNPs, 71 candidate genes had annotations associated with transpiration or water conservation and transport, root development, root hair elongation, and stomatal complex morphogenesis. The genomic regions associated with plasticity and stability identified in the current study will be a useful resource for implementing genomic selection for improving drought tolerance in soybean.
Instigation of the epoch of nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Shah Saurabh , Famta Paras , Tiwari Vinod , Kotha Arun K. , Kashikar Rama , Chougule Mahavir Bhupal , Chung Young Hun , Steinmetz Nicole F. , Uddin Mohammad , Singh Shashi Bala , Srivastava Saurabh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCancer is an unprecedented proliferation of cells leading to abnormalities in differentiation and maturation. Treatment of primary and metastatic cancer is challenging. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapies have been conventionally used; however, they suffer from severe toxicity and non‐specificity. Immunotherapy, the science of programming the body's own defense system against cancer has gained tremendous attention in the last few decades. However, partial immunogenic stimulation, premature degradation and inability to activate dendritic and helper T cells has resulted in limited clinical success. The era of nanomedicine has brought about several breakthroughs in various pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Hereby, we review and discuss the interplay of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the immunological cascade and how they can be employed to develop nanoparticle‐based cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. Nanoparticles composed of lipids, polymers and inorganic materials contain useful properties suitable for vaccine development. Proteinaceous vaccines derived from mammalian viruses, bacteriophages and plant viruses also have unique advantages due to their immunomodulation capabilities. This review accounts for all such considerations. Additionally, we explore how attributes of nanotechnology can be utilized to develop successful nanomedicine‐based vaccines for cancer therapy.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Dynamic contact problem with moderate displacement and time‐dependent normal
Authors: Wu Shen R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the publications on existence of solutions to the dynamic contact problems, small displacement was basically assumed. To extend the qualitative study for more general applications with moderate displacement and general shape of surfaces, the normal of contact surface is treated as time‐dependent variable in the contact mechanics model. The frictional dynamic contact problem with unilateral constraint is formulated in a variational inequality. The penalized variational equation is derived with two penalty terms, verifying contact condition and applying constraint on the normal velocity, respectively. For given penalty parameter the penalized variational equation is proved to have solution, which converges to the solution of the variational inequality. The true contact boundary, varying in time, is determined in the process and the constraint condition is satisfied. The regularity of the solution is similar to the results by others under the assumption of small displacement.
Selected Topics in Deep Learning
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a selection of different topics. We discuss forecasting under model uncertainty, deep quantile regression, deep composite regression and the LocalGLMnet which is an interpretable FN network architecture. Moreover, we provide a bootstrap example to assess prediction uncertainty, we discuss mixture density networks, and we give an outlook to studying variational inference.
Exponential Dispersion Family
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces and discusses the exponential family (EF) and the exponential dispersion family (EDF). The EF and the EDF are by far the most important classes of distribution functions for regression modeling. They include, among others, the Gaussian, the binomial, the Poisson, the gamma, the inverse Gaussian distributions, as well as Tweedie’s models. We introduce these families of distribution functions, discuss their properties and provide several examples. Moreover, we introduce the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence and the Bregman divergence, which are important tools in model evaluation and model selection.
Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Wüthrich Mario V. , Merz Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses state-of-the-art statistical modeling in insurance and actuarial science, which is the generalized linear model (GLM). We discuss GLMs in the light of claim count and claim size modeling, we present feature engineering, model fitting, model selection, over-dispersion, zero-inflated claim counts problems, double GLMs, and insurance-specific issues such as the balance property for having unbiasedness.
Shielding
Authors: Keller Reto B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the field of EMC, shields are used to:

Reduce electromagnetic emissions from a product.

Increase immunity against electric, magnetic, and/or electromagnetic radiation.

The shielding theory presented in this book is based on the accepted shielding theory for electromagnetic waves, initially proposed by Schelkunoff ((1943) Electromagnetic waves. D. van Nostrand Company Inc, New York, pp 303–312) in 1943. The formulas in this chapter are approximations for shields with high electrical conductivity. Before we jump into the theory of shielding, here are two practical pieces of advice:

Cables and wires. Every single signal which enters and/or leaves a shielded enclosure must be filtered or shielded. In case the cable is shielded, contact the cable shield 360∘ with the shielded enclosure.

Slots and apertures. Slots and apertures reduce the shielding effectiveness SE or even lead to higher emissions than without the shield in case of resonances inside a shielding enclosure Hubing ((2021) EMC Question of the Week: 2017–2020. LearnEMC, LLC, Stoughton). If the linear dimension l [m] of a slot or aperture is larger than λ∕2, the shield is assumed to be useless Ott ((2009) Electromagnetic compatibility engineering. Wiley, New York).
Filtering
Authors: Keller Reto B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn EMC, filtering helps to minimize emissions of a product and increase the product’s immunity against electromagnetic interference. This chapter presents the concepts of determining the right filter type and ensuring the proper components are chosen regarding power dissipation, noise current type, and high-frequency behavior.Filters can be classified according to their attenuation in the frequency-domain:

Low-pass filters

High-pass filters

Band-pass filters

Band-stop filters

or according to active components involved or not:

Passive filters

Active filters

or according to the noise current type:

Differential-mode noise filters

Common-mode noise filters

or according to the suppression of transients:

ESD filters

Burst filters

Surge filters

or according to the implementation in hardware or software:

Analog filters (hardware)

Digital filters (software)

In this chapter, all the filter types listed above are explained in further detail.
Transmission Lines
Authors: Keller Reto B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn EMC, it is essential to understand the concept of transmission lines and when to apply it. Because once a signal interconnection line exceeds a critical length lcritical [m], impedance matching (
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) must be considered to prevent reflections and ringing, thus preventing unwanted radiated emissions and bad signal quality—a signal integrity topic.This chapter introduces transmission lines and their most important properties.
English Medium Instruction: Expanding Notions of English Hegemony and Colonization
Authors: Han Jinghe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis Chapter provides the background to the EMI research undertaken which has provided the evidence base for this book. It acknowledges internationalization of higher education within the current neoliberal global economy, and the swift move in the countries of the Expanding Circle towards EMI delivery as a strategy to expand academics’ and universities’ global agendas. This Chapter points to the theoretical and methodological limitations in current EMI research as convenient and unsystematic. Consequently, the knowledge generation to inform EMI teaching is limited. It concludes with an outline of the structure of the book highlighting the key foci for each Chapter.