bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3-D System in Package: How to Cope with Increasing Challenges
Authors: Mack Walter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It seems that scaling of chip technology according to Moore’s Law will continue for digital functionalities (logic and memory); however, increasing system integration on chip and package levels, called “More than Moore,” has been observed in the past several years. This strong trend in the worldwide semiconductor industry enables more functionality, diversification, and higher value by creating smart microsystems. This article discusses the many challenges faced in FA of 3-D chips, where well-staffed and equipped FA labs are essential. Furthermore, FA is becoming an important strategic enabling factor for new products, not just another “cost factor.”
High-Speed Transient Thermoreflectance Imaging of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits
Authors: Yazawa Kazuaki , Kendig Dustin , Hernandez Daniel , Maize Kerry , Alavi Shila , Shakouri Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the setup and use of thermoreflectance imaging, a thermal mapping technique with a spatial resolution in the submicron range and a time resolution down to tens of nanoseconds. It describes the basic physics of thermoreflectance measurements and the advantages and limitations of the approach. It also provides examples showing how thermoreflectance imaging is used for thermal characterization, design optimization, and reliability analysis of high-power transistors, electrostatic discharge devices, and copper vias.
Failure Analysis Challenges for Chip-Scale Packages
Authors: Li Susan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chip-scale packages (CSPs) make efficient use of space on PCBs, but their small size, multilevel stacking arrangements, and complex interconnects present serious challenges when it comes to testing and failure analysis. This article describes some of the problems encountered when dealing with various types of CSPs and provides practical solutions based on the tools and techniques available in most FA labs. It discusses the causes and effects of package and die related failures and walks readers through the steps involved in decapsulating plastic FBGA packages using conventional etching, polishing, and milling techniques. It also includes a case study involving a failure caused by improper laser marking.
Introduction to Photovoltaics Failure Analysis and Reliability
Authors: Yang Benjamin B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the types of failures that tend to occur in photovoltaic (PV) modules in the field and the methods typically used to investigate them. It covers the causes and effects of broken and corroded interconnects, cracked and damaged cells, short and open bypass diodes, delamination, moisture ingress, and encapsulant discoloration. It describes tools and techniques commonly employed in the analysis of PV failures, including IV measurements, electroluminescence, infrared imaging, and visual inspection. It also discusses current and emerging challenges in PV failure analysis and reliability.
The Use of a Virtual Known Good Device (VKGD) to Accelerate 3-D Packaging Development
Authors: Alton Jesse , Igarashi Martin , Chung Lee Ka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the concept of a virtual known good device (VKGD) and how it used in the development of advanced 3D packaging. It explains that a VKGD is essentially an electromagnetic model of an IC package, including bumps, interposers, and through-silicon vias. These models, used in conjunction with reflectometry data, help engineers isolate faults in the early stages of IC package development, greatly reducing cycle times.
Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula with perimedullary venous drainage–associated cervical myelopathy: illustrative case
Authors: Cobos Codina Sergi , Bernal García Luis Miguel , Rodríguez Sánchez José Antonio , Gavilán Iglesias Tania , de Alarcón Luis Fernández 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with perimedullary venous drainage causing cervical myelopathy are very uncommon conditions with an extremely aggressive behavior. When the characteristic radiological clues are missing, the unspecific clinical picture may cause delay and make the diagnosis challenging.

OBSERVATIONS
Here the authors report a case of a 58-year-old man who developed progressive spastic tetraparesis and dyspnea with an extensive mild enhancing cervical cord lesion initially oriented as a neurosyphilis-associated transverse myelitis. Acute worsening after steroid administration redirected the diagnosis, and a tentorial Cognard type V DAVF was elicited. The microsurgical disconnection process is described, and previously documented cases in the literature are reviewed.

LESSONS
If a DAVF is highly suspected, it is important to consider the possibility of its intracranial origin, and spinal as well as cerebral arteriography must be performed.
Spinal cord stimulator for the treatment of central neuropathic pain secondary to cervical syringomyelia: illustrative case
Authors: Schatmeyer Bryan A. , Dodin Rakan , Kinsman Michael , Garcia David 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Central neuropathic pain (CNP) of the cervical and/or thoracic spinal cord has many etiologies, both natural and iatrogenic. Frequently, CNP is medically refractory and requires surgical treatment to modulate the perception of pain. Spinal cord stimulation is a modality commonly used in adults to treat this type of refractory pain; however, it is rarely used in the pediatric population.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors reported a case involving a common pediatric condition, Chiari malformation type I with syrinx, that led to a debilitating complex regional pain syndrome. The associated life-altering pain was successfully alleviated following placement of a spinal cord stimulator.

LESSONS
CNP, or the syndromic manifestations of the pain (complex regional pain syndrome), can alter an individual’s life in dramatic ways. Spinal cord stimulator placement in carefully selected pediatric patients should be considered in these difficult pain treatment paradigms.
Primary central nervous system malignant lymphoma in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving tocilizumab: illustrative case
Authors: Ohno Masasuke , Kuramitsu Shunichiro , Iwakoshi Akari , Yamaguchi Junya , Ohka Fumiharu , Saito Ryuta 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Although the risk of developing malignant lymphoma is higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in the general population, primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in patients with RA is extremely rare. In recent years, there has been concern that biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), widely administered to patients with RA, might increase the risk of cancer development. The authors report the first case of PCNSL in a patient with RA receiving the bDMARD tocilizumab.

OBSERVATIONS
A 70-year-old man who was diagnosed with RA in 2010 was treated with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) from 2010 to 2015. Tocilizumab was commenced in 2012. In 2018, he developed gait disturbances, and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple contrast-enhanced lesions in the basal ganglia and brain stem. Stereotactic brain biopsy led to the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and finally PCNSL was diagnosed. He was treated with five courses of MTX 3.5 g/m2, and his disease has been in remission for 34 months.

LESSONS
Low-dose MTX and bDMARDs are associated with the concern of increased cancer risk in patients with RA. Because tocilizumab has been in use for a relatively short time, further accumulation of cases and careful follow-up are necessary.
Pulmonary Actinomycosis and Multiple Cavitary Lung Lesions in a Patient Previously Reported with Pulmonary Candidiasis: A Case Report
Authors: Harsan Sofia-Teodora 
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the case of a 43 years old patient admitted three times to the Pneumology Department with productive cough, asthenia,
important weight loss, and fever. His chest CT showed multiple pulmonary cavities growing over time, ground-glass opacities, and pleural effusion. Clinical symptoms and radiological signs were highly suggestive of tuberculosis, but he tested negative multiple times. Candida spp. was diagnosed through bronchial washing and treated. After a few months, the patient comes back with worsened symptoms and is diagnosed with pulmonary actinomycosis.
The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction towards Employee Performance at PT Samudera Perdana Selaras
Authors: Wikantono Arief - , Setyadi Dody - , Kurniani Kurniani - 
Published: August 2022

<em><span>The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of perceived organizational support and job satisfaction on employee performance at PT Samudera Perdana Selaras. The study uses quantitative approach, samples that used in this study is 36 employees. Data collection method is questionnaire. Data analyze technique is multiple linear regression analysis equipped with a classic assumption test, t test, f test, and coefficient of determination with software SPSS 26. The regression equation <strong>is Y = 16.035 + 0.171 X1 + 0.636 X2</strong>. Coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.579. The result of this research showed that perceived organizational support (X1) has no partial influence on employee performance (Y), job satisfaction (X2) has partial positive significant influence on employee performance (Y). The results also show that the perceived organizational support and job satisfaction simultaneously and significantly has a positive effect on employee performance.</span></em>
The Influence of Top Results, Number of Labor and Within Time on Tea Production Volume at PT Pagilaran UP Pagilaran Batang
Authors: Syidah Shifa Nur , Utaminingtyas Rara Ririn Budi , Nurkhayati Isnaini - 
Published: August 2022

<p><em>Tea is one of the result in Indonesian agricultural and plantation commodities. Today the tea is produced into powdered tea. There are some production factors affect the volume of tea production. This research aims to know the influence of tea leaves yield, amount of labors, and withering time of tea leaves as independent variables to the volume of tea production as the dependent variable at PT Pagilaran, Pagilaran Production Unit. This research used secondary data in the numbers form and then analyzed by classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and goodness of fit model. The results showed that tea leaves yield and withering time of tea leaves have significant influence on the volume of tea production, while the amount of labors have not significantly influence on the volume of tea production. Furthermore, tea leaves yield, amount of labors, and withering time of tea leaves together influence the volume of tea production at PT Pagilaran, Pagilaran Production Unit. Based on this research, it's also known that the most dominant factor influencing the volume of tea production at PT Pagilaran, Pagilaran Production Unit is tea leaves yield.</em></p>
Protocol: Remote care as the ‘new normal’? Multi-site case study in UK general practice
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha , Shaw Sara E , Alvarez Nishio Anica , Booth Amy , Byng Richard , Clarke Aileen , Dakin Francesca , Davies Roz , Faulkner Stuart , Hemmings Nina , Husain Laiba , Kalin Asli , Ladds Emma , Moore Lucy , Rosen Rebecca , Rybczynska-Bunt Sarah , Wherton Joseph , Wieringa Sietse 
Published: August 2022

Background: Following a pandemic-driven shift to remote service provision, UK general practices offer telephone, video or online consultation options alongside face-to-face. This study explores practices’ varied experiences over time as they seek to establish remote forms of accessing and delivering care. Methods: This protocol is for a mixed-methods multi-site case study with co-design and national stakeholder engagement. 11 general practices were selected for diversity in geographical location, size, demographics, ethos, and digital maturity. Each practice has a researcher-in-residence whose role is to become familiar with its context and activity, follow it longitudinally for two years using interviews, public-domain documents and ethnography, and support improvement efforts. Research team members meet regularly to compare and contrast across cases. Practice staff are invited to join online learning events. Patient representatives work locally within their practice patient involvement groups as well as joining an online patient learning set or linking via a non-digital buddy system. NHS Research Ethics Approval has been granted. Governance includes a diverse independent advisory group with lay chair. We also have policy in-reach (national stakeholders sit on our advisory group) and outreach (research team members sit on national policy working groups). Results (anticipated): We expect to produce rich narratives of contingent change over time, addressing cross-cutting themes including access, triage and capacity; digital and wider inequities; quality and safety of care (e.g. continuity, long-term condition management, timely diagnosis, complex needs); workforce and staff wellbeing (including non-clinical staff, students and trainees); technologies and digital infrastructure; patient perspectives; and sustainability (e.g. carbon footprint). Conclusion: By using case study methods focusing on depth and detail, we hope to explain why digital solutions that work well in one practice do not work at all in another. We plan to inform policy and service development through inter-sectoral network-building, stakeholder workshops and topic-focused policy briefings.
Remote care in UK general practice: baseline data on 11 case studies
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha , Shaw Sara E. , Alvarez Nishio Anica , Byng Richard , Clarke Aileen , Dakin Francesca , Faulkner Stuart , Hemmings Nina , Husain Laiba , Kalin Asli , Ladds Emma , Moore Lucy , Rosen Rebecca , Rybczynska-Bunt Sarah , Wherton Joseph , Wieringa Sietse 
Published: August 2022

Background: Accessing and receiving care remotely (by telephone, video or online) became the default option during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but in-person care has unique benefits in some circumstances. We are studying UK general practices as they try to balance remote and in-person care, with recurrent waves of COVID-19 and various post-pandemic backlogs. Methods: Mixed-methods (mostly qualitative) case study across 11 general practices. Researchers-in-residence have built relationships with practices and become familiar with their contexts and activities; they are following their progress for two years via staff and patient interviews, documents and ethnography, and supporting improvement efforts through co-design. In this paper, we report baseline data. Results: Reflecting our maximum-variety sampling strategy, the 11 practices vary in size, setting, ethos, staffing, population demographics and digital maturity, but share common contextual features—notably system-level stressors such as high workload and staff shortages, and UK’s technical and regulatory infrastructure. We have identified both commonalities and differences between practices in terms of how they: 1] manage the ‘digital front door’ (access and triage) and balance demand and capacity; 2] strive for high standards of quality and safety; 3] ensure digital inclusion and mitigate wider inequalities; 4] support and train their staff (clinical and non-clinical), students and trainees; 5] select, install, pilot and use technologies and the digital infrastructure which support them; and 6] involve patients in their improvement efforts. Conclusions: General practices’ responses to pandemic-induced disruptive innovation appear unique and situated. We anticipate that by focusing on depth and detail, this longitudinal study will throw light on why a solution that works well in one practice does not work at all in another. As the study unfolds, we will explore how practices achieve timely diagnosis of urgent or serious illness and manage continuity of care, long-term conditions and complex needs.
Mainstream ELT and Steiner Education: Exclusivity or complementarity?
Authors: Maley Alan 
Published: August 2022

The article discusses MELT (Mainstream English Language Teaching) in relation to the author’s perception of Waldorf education. It first attempts a definition of performance. It goes on to describe the recent history of MELT with particular regard to performative and creative elements. It then considers those teacher qualities needed for successful in-depth learning and relates this to performance. The major differences between Steiner and MELT are then set out, in particular the encroachment of regulation on MELT. It argues that, while MELT may be imperfect in many ways, not least in the current preference for control, it has nonetheless produced a rich variety of creative work much of which is compatible with Waldorf philosophy and practice. Waldorf likewise has much to offer MELT in helping to restore physical, emotional and spiritual aspects which it currently neglects. It suggests there would be mutual benefit in a better knowledge and understanding between MELT and Waldorf systems.
Análise não linear de treliças considerando modelos hiperelásticos pelo método dos elementos finitos posicional
Authors: Perônica Denn’s Santana , Maciel Daniel Nelson , Barros Rodrigo , Nascimento Neto Joel Araújo do , Silva Filho José Neres da 
Published: August 2022

Nos últimos anos, houve um aumento na utilização de materiais hiperelásticos em estruturas, como por exemplo, polímeros vulcanizados ou naturais. Em virtude disso, torna-se relevante expandir o conhecimento quanto ao desempenho mecânico destes materiais por meio do desenvolvimento de modelos numéricos que simulem o seu comportamento e que sejam capazes de apresentar previsões mais realistas. Para materiais representados por modelos hiperelásticos, a consideração das não linearidades física e geométrica é mais adequada para representar o seu comportamento mecânico quando submetidos a grandes deformações. Desse modo, o presente trabalho objetiva a implementação de um código computacional, com o propósito de analisar e comparar o comportamento mecânico de treliças considerando a não linearidade física, descrita por modelos hiperelásticos, e a não linearidade geométrica utilizando a formulação posicional em elementos finitos. Foi utilizado o método do comprimento de arco de Riks-Wempner associado ao método iterativo de Newton-Rapshson para traçar caminhos de equilíbrio com fenômenos de snap-through e snap-back. Foram considerados os modelos hiperelásticos Neo-Hookean Nos últimos anos, houve um aumento na utilização de materiais hiperelásticos em estruturas, como por exemplo, polímeros vulcanizados ou naturais. Em virtude disso, torna-se relevante expandir o conhecimento quanto ao desempenho mecânico destes materiais por meio do desenvolvimento de modelos numéricos que simulem o seu comportamento e que sejam capazes de apresentar previsões mais realistas. Para materiais representados por modelos hiperelásticos, a consideração das não linearidades física e geométrica é mais adequada para representar o seu comportamento mecânico quando submetidos a grandes deformações. Desse modo, o presente trabalho objetiva a implementação de um código computacional, com o propósito de analisar e comparar o comportamento mecânico de treliças considerando a não linearidade física, descrita por modelos hiperelásticos, e a não linearidade geométrica utilizando a formulação posicional em elementos finitos. Foi utilizado o método do comprimento de arco de Riks-Wempner associado ao método iterativo de Newton-Rapshson para traçar caminhos de equilíbrio com fenômenos de snap-through e snap-back. Foram considerados os modelos hiperelásticos Neo-Hookean, de Mooney-Rivlin, Polinomial, de Yeoh, de Ogden e de Arruda-Boyce. A validação do programa implementado se deu por meio da comparação com soluções analíticas e resultados numéricos e experimentais de trabalhos científicos., de Mooney-Rivlin, Polinomial, de Yeoh, de Ogden e de Arruda-Boyce. A validação do programa implementado se deu por meio da comparação com soluções analíticas e resultados numéricos e experimentais de trabalhos científicos.
Prevalence of oral mucocele in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Francischetto Maria de Fatima de Martin , Gomes Fernanda Cruz Gonçalves , Rocha Pablo Leopoldo de Oliveira Margon da , Calvo Ana Flávia Bissoto , Floriano Isabela , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi , Gimenez Thais 
Published: August 2022

Background. Mucocele is a benign and asymptomatic pseudo cystic lesion that develops secondarily to the leakage or retention of mucous material from the salivary glands, mainly from the minor salivary glands. Aim. The objective was to assess the available evidence related to the prevalence of oral mucoceles in children and adolescents. Design. Relevant articles were searched in electronic databases of PubMed via MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. Two review authors independently assessed the risk of bias in the included articles and extracted data. Results. From 638 potentially eligible articles, fifteen relevant articles were included. The overall risk of bias was low for all the studies. All selected studies exhibited appropriate data and were included in the meta-analysis. Regarding publication bias, the statistical analysis did not identify asymmetry in the funnel graph (p=0.867). Conclusion. Considering the global analysis of the included studies, it was found that, the pooled prevalence of mucoceles was 1.77% (CI: 1.19% - 2.65%). It is suggested that future studies consider the classification of the particularities of each clinical presentation of patients seen in dental offices, in order to establish better morphological and anatomical definitions of the lesions concerning mucoceles. Studies that seek to standardize variables - related to age group, time interval, geographic region, genetic formation of the population, examined locations and classification of diseases into subgroups are also important. The certainty of the evidence was considered low.
Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides Against Jassid on Cotton Crop under Field Conditions of Dera Ghazi Khan
Authors: Karim Faiz , Bibi Rabia , Nadeem Kashif , Muzamil Shahzad , Nasir Irfan R. , Hassan Muhammad Z.Y. 
Published: August 2022

The experiment was conducted in local field conditions of Dera Ghazi Khan during the 2021 Kharif season on three different sites. The core objective of this experiment is to manage Jassid on the cotton crop a major pest. Five different insecticides Dinotefuran, Thiamethoxam, Nitenpyram, Dimethoate and clothianidin were evaluated at recommended doses. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block designs with three replications. Data regarding the Jassid population before a spray of insecticides and after 24-, 48-, and 72-hour’s of spray were recorded. The reduction in the Jassid population is evaluated by the Abbots formula. The results indicated that Nitenpyram was found most effective on Jassid with mean mortality of 63.47%, 65.07 and 61.86% followed by Dinotefuran with 59.22%, 59.33% and 51.45%. Other treatments thiamethoxam, Dimethoate and clothianidin were at par and did not reduce the Jassid population after 24 and 48 hours. However, thiamethoxam and clothianidin reduced the Jassid population below ETL after 72 hours of spray as compared to Dimethoate. Therefore, it is recommended that Nitenpyram and Dinotefuran should be used for Jassid control at the recommended dose.