bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Including students with special educational needs in physical education: An analysis of the current Finnish national core curriculum
Authors: Mihajlovic Christopher , Meier Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present article draws attention to the latest curriculum reform in Finland, which came into effect in August 2016 and promoted a shift towards a competency‐based curriculum which highlights diversity as a positive resource. The main aim of this study was to gain insights into the understanding of ‘inclusion’ within the context of PE policy in Finland and particularly focuses on the inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN). This research focuses on PE, because the subject is still shaped by underlying sentiments representing traditional values such as nationalism and given gender roles which seem to contrast with the conceptualization of inclusion. Therefore, the current Finnish NCC (of PE) has been qualitatively content analysed adopting a deductive‐inductive approach. The findings demonstrate that the official documents build upon a broad understanding of inclusion and diversity, which is not only restricted to students with disabilities. However, the PE curricula provide few practical implications for teaching in diverse classes which may stem from inconsistency across the analysed documents in considering diversity issues. We conclude that the Finnish curriculum leaves room for teachers' pedagogical autonomy, but further research is needed to explore how it frames their possibilities to work inclusively in practice.
How do King Cobras move across a major highway? Unintentional wildlife crossing structures may facilitate movement
Authors: Jones Max Dolton , Marshall Benjamin Michael , Smith Samantha Nicole , Crane Matt , Silva Inês , Artchawakom Taksin , Suwanwaree Pongthep , Waengsothorn Surachit , Wüster Wolfgang , Goode Matt , Strine Colin Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Global road networks continue to expand, and the wildlife responses to these landscape‐level changes need to be understood to advise long‐term management decisions. Roads have high mortality risk to snakes because snakes typically move slowly and can be intentionally targeted by drivers.

We investigated how radio‐tracked King Cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) traverse a major highway in northeast Thailand, and if reproductive cycles were associated with road hazards.

We surveyed a 15.3 km stretch of Highway 304 to determine if there were any locations where snakes could safely move across the road (e.g., culverts and bridges). We used recurse analyses to detect possible road‐crossing events, and used dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models (dBBMMs) to show movement pathways association with possible unintentional crossing structures. We further used Integrated Step Selection Functions (ISSF) to assess seasonal differences in avoidance of major roads for adult King Cobras in relation to reproductive state.

We discovered 32 unintentional wildlife crossing locations capable of facilitating King Cobra movement across the highway. While our dBBMMs broadly revealed underpasses as possible crossing points, they failed to identify specific underpasses used by telemetered individuals; however, the tracking locations pre‐ and post‐crossing and photographs provided strong evidence of underpass use. Our ISSF suggested a lower avoidance of roads during the breeding season, although the results were inconclusive. With the high volume of traffic, large size of King Cobras, and a 98.8% success rate of crossing the road in our study (nine individuals: 84 crossing attempts with one fatality), we strongly suspect that individuals are using the unintentional crossing structures to safely traverse the road.

Further research is needed to determine the extent of wildlife underpass use at our study site. We propose that more consistent integration of drainage culverts and bridges could help mitigate the impacts of roads on some terrestrial wildlife.
Benthic–limnetic morphological variation in fishes: Dissolved organic carbon concentration produces unexpected patterns
Authors: Bishop Chelsea E. , Gahm Kaija , Hendry Andrew P. , Jones Stuart E. , Stange Madlen , Solomon Christopher T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVariation in traits related to foraging and locomotion in benthic and limnetic habitats has been observed in many fishes. Benthic and limnetic food chain productivity in lakes is strongly influenced by the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water, suggesting that DOC might indirectly impose selection on these traits and lead to classic benthic forms at low DOC concentrations and limnetic forms at high DOC concentrations. We tested this hypothesis via geometric morphometric and meristic analyses of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus, Centrarchidae) from 14 lakes with DOC concentrations ranging from 4 to 24 mg/L. These lakes, located in close proximity to each other, straddle the drainage divide between the Mississippi River and Laurentian Great Lakes basins in northern Wisconsin, USA. Bluegill morphology was consistently related to lake DOC concentration in both drainage basins, despite differences in morphology between basins. Fish from higher DOC lakes had deeper bodies and smaller heads, among other differences, though the proportion of shape variation described by DOC was low. Gill raker length and inter‐raker spacing were positively related to DOC concentration. Although some traits were thus related to DOC concentration, the directions of these relationships did not match the predicted benthic–limnetic patterns. Further, no relationships were evident between DOC and gill raker number, eye width, pectoral fin dimensions, or pectoral fin insertion angle in univariate analyses. These variable outcomes suggest that selection linked to DOC does not map neatly onto the classic benthic–limnetic axis, that high DOC favors a benthic–limnetic generalist rather than a limnetic specialist, or that the benthic–limnetic morphological dichotomy is less clear and universal than is often suggested.
Managing weight and glycaemic targets in people with type 2 diabetes—How far have we come?
Authors: Blüher Matthias , Ceriello Antonio , Davies Melanie , Rodbard Helena , Sattar Naveed , Schnell Oliver , Tonchevska Elena , Giorgino Francesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs the vast majority of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are also overweight or obese, healthcare professionals (HCP) are faced with the task of addressing both weight management and glucose control. In this narrative review, we aim to identify the challenges of reaching and maintaining body weight targets in people with T2D and highlight current and future treatment interventions.MethodsA search of the PubMed database was conducted using the search terms “diabetes” and “weight loss.”ResultsAccording to emerging evidence, treating obesity may be antecedent to the development and progression of T2D. While clinical benefits typically set in upon achieving a weight loss of 3–5%, these benefits are progressive leading to further health improvements, and weight loss of >15% can have a disease‐modifying effect in people with T2D, an outcome that up to recently could not be achieved with any blood glucose‐lowering pharmacotherapy. However, advanced treatment options with weight‐loss effects currently in development including the dual GIP/GLP‐1 receptor agonists may enable simultaneous achievement of individual glycemic and weight goals.ConclusionDespite considerable therapeutic progress, there is still a large unmet medical need in patients with T2D who miss their individualized glycemic and weight‐loss targets. Nonetheless, it is to be expected that development of future therapies and their use will favourably change the scenario of weight and glucose control in T2D.
Synthesis and Aggregation Behavior of Novel Linear and Branched Oligothiophene‐Containing Organosilicon Multipods
Authors: Polinskaya Marina S. , Luponosov Yuriy N. , Borshchev Oleg V. , Gülcher Jochen , Ziener Ulrich , Mourran Ahmed , Wang Jingbo , Buzin Mikhail I. , Muzafarov Aziz M. , Ponomarenko Sergey A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of novel oligothiophene‐containing carbosilane‐siloxanes of linear or branched structure with conjugation lengths of 4–7 thiophene rings, flexible aliphatic spacers varying from C3 to C11, and various degrees of branching of end‐capping solubilizing groups is reported. The investigation of their phase behavior by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy showed that although some of them can form liquid‐crystalline phases, the majority of the linear molecules exhibits a high degree of crystallinity, which decreases with increasing degree of branching. Aggregation studies in dilute solutions in toluene at different temperatures allowed determination of the temperature and concentration dependence of their dissociation. The investigation of thin films prepared from dilute solutions revealed the formation of fibril domains confirming aggregation of the molecules.
Outcome of therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndrome and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Itonaga Hidehiro , Kida Michiko , Hamamura Atsushi , Uchida Naoyuki , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Fukuda Takahiro , Ueda Yasunori , Kataoka Keisuke , Katayama Yuta , Ota Shuichi , Matsuoka Ken‐ichi , Kondo Tadakazu , Eto Tetsuya , Kanda Junya , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Miyazaki Yasushi , Ishiyama Ken 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTherapy‐related myelodysplastic syndromes (t‐MDS) are generally progressive and associated with poorer outcomes than de novo MDS (d‐MDS). To evaluate the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) for t‐MDS, we conducted a propensity score matched‐pair analysis of patients with t‐MDS and d‐MDS using a nationwide database. A total of 178 patients with t‐MDS underwent allo‐HSCT between 2001 and 2018, and 178 out of 3123 patients with d‐MDS were selected. The probability of 3‐year overall survival rate was 40.0% and 50.0% in the t‐MDS and d‐MDS groups, respectively (p = 0.032). The 3‐year transplant‐related mortality was 30.9% and 19.0% in the t‐MDS and d‐MDS groups, respectively (p = 0.005). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse was 32.8% and 33.0% in the t‐MDS and d‐MDS groups, respectively (p = 0.983). A multivariate analysis identified four adverse factors for overall survival in the t‐MDS group: age ≥ 55 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.11–3.94; p = 0.023), the poor cytogenetic risk group (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.40–4.19; p = 0.019), performance status at allo‐HSCT 2–4 (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.19–3.86; p = 0.011), and a shorter interval from diagnosis to transplantation (<8 months; HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.00–2.57; p = 0.048). The most frequent cause of transplant‐related death was the infectious complications (21.6%) in t‐MDS group and organ failure (12.5%) in d‐MDS group. In conclusion, allo‐HSCT potentially provides long‐term remission in patients with t‐MDS; however, further efforts to reduce transplant‐related death are needed.
An Improved User Interface to Identify Sustainable Turfgrasses within National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Data
Authors: Morris Kevin N. , Kne Len , Graham Steve , Qu Yuanshuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor over forty years, the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) has coordinated trials and collected data on turfgrass traits from multiple species and sites across the U.S. and Canada. These trials are used worldwide for turfgrass cultivar improvement, sales and selection by everyone from researchers to turfgrass professionals to hobbyist turfgrass managers. However, using the NTEP web site (www.ntep.org), consisting of static, PDF or HTML‐based tables to select grasses does not allow for customized results based on geography, specific site conditions or management levels. Therefore, the identification of sustainable turfgrasses within NTEP data is currently difficult and in need of improvement.
Design of 1‐(2‐pyrrolidinone)‐butane‐1,3‐dione derivatives and acetoxylation of these compound's methylene via hypervalent iodine (III)
Authors: Aslanoglu Furgan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn interesting synthesis method for 2‐acetate‐1‐(2‐pyrrolidinone)‐butane‐1,3‐dione compounds was developed in this work. The synthesis of these compounds was carried out in three steps. In the first step, 2‐pyrrolidone derivatives were obtained by the Friedel‐Crafts reaction in presence of Eaton's reagent. Then, ‐NH group of 2‐pyrrolidone compounds were attached acetoacetate group in presence of 2,6‐trimethyl‐4H‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐one reagent. Lastly, 1‐(2‐pyrrolidinone)‐butane‐1,3‐dione derivatives were reacted with Pida to attach acetoxy group to these compound's methylene.
Comparison between radiographers with sonography education working in remote Australia and radiologists’ interpretation of ultrasound examinations
Authors: Williams Imelda , Baird Marilyn , Schneider Michal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionRadiographers working in remote Far North Queensland (FNQ), Australia, need to possess unique skills sets in order to provide culturally safe practice to predominantly Indigenous communities. Due to the lack of onsite radiologists in FNQ, radiographers need to provide preliminary findings to referring practitioners including sonographic findings. The accuracy of such findings has not been evaluated to date. The objective of this study was to compare the level of agreement and recommendations for further investigations of FNQ radiographers to teleradiologists’ reports. As radiographic findings are not recorded or stored as part of routine practice, only sonographic findings were included in the study.MethodsConsecutive de‐identified ultrasound cases were extracted between January and March 2019 inclusively by an independent investigator. The researcher scored the ultrasound cases between 1 and 4 according to levels of agreement between sonographic findings and teleradiologists’ reports, and recommendations between radiographers and teleradiologists were also compared using frequency analysis.ResultsFive‐hundred and thirty‐two ultrasound cases were included for this study. Of those, 517 (97.2%) were in complete agreement and 15 (2.8%) reported minor discrepancies. There were no moderate or major discrepancies suggesting an overall accuracy rate of 100% as the radiographer/sonographer findings were in close agreement with the teleradiologists’ reports. There was complete agreement regarding further clinical recommendations in 453 (85%) cases. The discrepancy in the remaining 15% of cases did not lead to any adverse or changed patient management.ConclusionsThis study supports existing evidence about the accuracy and timely communication of sonographic findings to radiologists and other health care professionals, in keeping with the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia expectations. It is likely that radiographer comments on plain radiographic images are equally as reliable, but this remains to be explored.
Silver nanostructure on ablated silicon wafer prepared via pulsed laser ablation for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tran Trong Duc , Nguyen Thi Hue , Nguyen The Binh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe propose and develop a simple and cost‐effective method to fabricate surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for the trace detection of antibiotics. A nanostructured silicon (Si) surface is prepared by the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of a Si wafer in distilled water. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via PLA in distilled water are deposited on the ablated Si surface to form a SERS substrate (AgNP/aSi). Malachite green (MG) is used as a probe analyte to examine the SERS activity of the AgNP/aSi substrate. The AgNP/aSi substrate can yield an SERS spectrum of MG with high resolution at a minimum concentration of 0.01 ppm. Using the AgNP/aSi substrate, we investigate its capacity for detecting tetracycline (TC) residue in shrimp. The Raman peak intensities at 1320 cm−1 for TC concentrations from 10 to 0.1 ppm show a linear relationship with the corresponding logarithmic concentrations. Our simple and efficient method can be used for the trace detection of MG, TC, and other antibiotics in various applications via SERS.
Nipple‐sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap without skin paddle using delayed primary retention suture
Authors: Francis Eamon C. , Dimovska Eleonora O. F. , Chou Hsu‐Huan , Lin Yi‐Ling , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the outcomes of nipple‐sparing mastectomy (NSM) with a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap using delayed primary retention suture (DPRS) to achieve superior breast esthetics.MethodsBetween December 2010 and March 2021, patients who underwent NSM with DIEP flap were inset with or without a skin paddle (using DPRS) as Group A or B, respectively. Demographics, operative findings, complications, BREAST‐Q questionnaire, and Manchester scar scale were compared between two groups.ResultsTwelve patients underwent 12 unilateral reconstructions in Group A, while 12 patients underwent 13 DIEP flaps in Group B. There was no significant difference in demographics, ischemia time, flap‐used weight and percentage, complications of hematoma, infection, re‐exploration, partial flap loss, and total flap loss (All p > 0.05, respectively). At a mean 9 months of follow‐up, the Breast‐Q “Satisfaction with surgeon” domain was significant in Group B (p = 0.04). At a mean 12 months of follow‐up, the overall Manchester scar scale of 10.3 in Group B was statistically superior to 12.6 in Group A (p = 0.04).ConclusionsThe NSM with a DIEP flap using DPRS is a reliable and straightforward technique. It can provide greater cosmesis of the reconstructed breast mound in a single‐stage procedure.
Quail and rain in semiarid rangelands: Does management matter?
Authors: Ritzell Alec D. , Hernández Fidel , Edwards John T. , Montalvo Andrea , Wester David B. , Grahmann Eric D. , Rollins Dale , Stewart Kristyn G. , Smith Rachel A. , Woodard D. Abraham , Brennan Leonard A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRainfall is a strong driver of quail populations on southwestern rangelands and can account for a large portion (~70–95%) of the variability in regional quail production and abundance. Landowners have attempted to moderate these boom‐and‐bust fluctuations via management; however, presently it is unknown whether management can increase or stabilize quail populations in semiarid environments or whether rainfall remains as influential at small spatial extents. Our objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of management at mitigating the effects of rainfall on northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations on semiarid rangelands and to quantify the influence of rainfall on bobwhite density at smaller spatial extents. We conducted a study to evaluate these objectives during 2014–2020 in the Rio Grande Plains (n = 11 sites; 1,100‒6,500 ha) and Rolling Plains (n = 4 sites; 1,900‒4,000 ha) of Texas, USA. We estimated bobwhite density during late autumn (Dec‒Jan) on all sites using helicopter surveys within a distance‐sampling framework. We also obtained site‐level seasonal rainfall (Apr‒Aug) and quantified management intensity via landowner surveys and a scoring rubric to categorize sites into 3 classes (low, medium, and high management intensity). Bobwhite populations during this study experienced a boom‐bust cycle in both the Rio Grande Plains and Rolling Plains, with mean bobwhite density fluctuating considerably (0.57‒2.96 bobwhites/ha and 0.02‒2.88 bobwhites/ha, respectively). In the Rio Grande Plains, mean bobwhite density significantly increased from low to high management intensity in 2015 (1.12 ± 0.17 bobwhites/ha vs. 2.87 ± 0.39 bobwhites/ha, respectively), 2016 (1.06 ± 0.20 bobwhites/ha vs. 2.96 ± 0.36 bobwhites/ha, respectively), 2017 (0.73 ± 0.16 bobwhites/ha vs. 1.91 ± 0.32 bobwhites/ha, respectively), and 2019 (0.42 ± 0.14 bobwhites/ha vs. 1.01 ± 0.26 bobwhites/ha, respectively; P < 0.05). In addition, rainfall at the site level accounted for a low amount of the variation in bobwhite density (r2 = 0.09; P < 0.01). Similarly, in the Rolling Plains, mean bobwhite density significantly increased from low to high management intensity in 2015 (1.30 ± 0.27 bobwhites/ha vs. 2.20 ± 0.29 bobwhites/ha, respectively) and 2016 (1.26 ± 0.26 bobwhites/ha vs. 2.88 ± 0.34 bobwhites/ha, respectively; P < 0.05). Rainfall at the site level also accounted for a low amount of the variation in bobwhite density (r2 < 0.02; P = 0.82). Our findings suggest that management can increase bobwhite density beyond that of less‐managed properties but does not completely eliminate inter‐annual fluctuations in semiarid environments. In addition, rainfall appears to exert less of an influence on bobwhite density at a site level (e.g., 2,000 ha) than has been documented at a regional level (e.g., ≥8 million ha).
Modeling of the Branching Point Distribution During the Polymerization of N‐Vinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Welzel Stefan , Zander Christian , Hungenberg Klaus‐Dieter , Nieken Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo gain insights into the microstructure of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a detailed reaction mechanism is developed, which characterizes the polymer along the property coordinate chain length, terminal double bonds (TDB), and branching points. For practical purposes, calculations with three property coordinates are unfeasible, and model reduction is needed. Here, a reduced model with only one single property coordinate without significant loss of accuracy is derived. In the first step, the coordinate TDBs are reduced by a linear relationship between TDBs and chain length. As the parameters of this relation are state dependent, they are dynamically adjusted from a parallel calculated 0D model. In a second step, the pseudodistribution approach is used to reduce the 2D distribution to chain length as the only property coordinate and calculate moments of branching points as a function of chain length. A 2D class model is set up for validation. To demonstrate the benefits of the model, the chain length distribution and moments of branching points are calculated for different average residence times and monomer concentrations in a stirred tank reactor. In a future publication, the model will be validated by experimental data in terms of chain length distribution and branching points.
Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization of functional myrcene with styrene
Authors: Xu Xueqin , Chen Zhiyan , Zhou Yun , Jia Xiaoyu , Gong Dirong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe introduction of functionality is essential to the surface, bulk and mechanical properties of poly(diene‐styrene). In this work, copolymerizations of hydroxyl (My‐OH) and epoxide (My‐EPO) functionalized myrcenes with styrene by a solvent‐free reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization route have been performed. In both cases, the copolymerizations were processed with functional diene preferentially inserted (rMy‐OH/rSt, 1.28 ± 0.02/0.81 ± 0.02; rMy‐EPO/rSt, 1.15 ± 0.01/0.91 ± 0.02), providing a series of composition drifted copolymers with controlled functionality degree and molecular weight by feeding ratios of comonomer and chain transfer agent. The copolymers have remarkably low contact angles with water, an indication of potentially good miscibility with polar additives. In addition, the in‐chain included hydroxyl and epoxide groups could further provide a very versatile ‘intermediate’ that can be used to prepare various functional polymers, block and graft copolymers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry