bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomic and metagenomic investigations of the Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum species complex reveals potential mechanisms underlying associations to skin health and disease
Authors: Salamzade Rauf , Swaney Mary Hannah , Kalan Lindsay R. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTCorynebacterium are a diverse genus and dominant member of the human skin microbiome. Recently, we reported that the most prevalent Corynebacterium species found on skin – including Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum and Corynebacterium kefirresidentii – comprise a narrow species complex despite the diversity of the genus. Here, we apply high-resolution phylogenomics and comparative genomics to describe the structure of the C. tuberculostearicum species complex. We find this species complex is missing a fatty acid biosynthesis gene family which is often found in multi-copy in approximately 99% of other Corynebacterium species. Conversely, this species complex is enriched for multiple genetic traits, including a gene encoding for a collagen-like peptide. Further, through metagenomic investigations, we find that one species within the complex, C. kefirresidentii, increases in relative abundance during atopic dermatitis flares and show that most members of this species possess a colocalized set of putative virulence genes.
Myoglobin promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation through oxidatively modulating the Hippo Kinase Pathway
Authors: Rao Krithika , Rochon Elizabeth , Singh Anuradha , Jagnnathan Rajaganapathi , Peng Zishan , Moulik Mousumi , Zhang Manling , Corti Paola , Shiva Sruti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile cardiomyocytes undergo terminal differentiation postnatally and rarely re-enter the cell cycle, the endogenous mechanisms that propagate differentiation and prevent de-differentiation remain unclear. The monomeric heme protein myoglobin, which stores oxygen and regulates reactive oxygen/nitrogen species balance in the heart, increases in expression by over 50% during cardiomyocyte differentiation. Though myoglobin deletion without significant compensation is embryonic lethal in mice, a role for the protein in regulating cardiomyocyte differentiation has not been tested. We hypothesized that myoglobin expression is required for cardiomyocyte differentiation and the loss of myoglobin enables de-differentiation.MethodsMyoglobin was genetically silenced in HL-1, H9C2 cells, and neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVM) to examine myoglobin-dependent effects on differentiation, proliferation, and Hippo pathway signaling. A zebrafish model of Mb depletion was made using CRISPR-Cas9 to test the effect of myoglobin depletion on cardiac regeneration after apical resection injury in vivo.ResultsMyoglobin deletion in cultured cell lines and NRVM decreased the gene expression of cardiomyocyte differentiation markers (troponin, myosin light chain, and myosin heavy chain), upregulated markers of dedifferentiation (runx1 and dab2) and stimulated cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we show that the heme prosthetic group of myoglobin catalyzes the oxidation of the Hippo pathway kinase LATS1, which activates the enzyme to phosphorylate the downstream Yes-associated protein (YAP) transcription factor, which prevents its transcriptional activity. Thus, the loss of myoglobin results in the de-phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of YAP, which propagates proliferation and fetal gene expression. In vivo, myoglobin-deficient zebrafish hearts recapitulated the increase in YAP signaling and showed accelerated regeneration at 20 days post apical injury.ConclusionWe a novel role for myoglobin as an endogenous driver of cardiomyocyte differentiation, and a regulator of the Hippo pathway. These findings suggest myoglobin as a potential target for strategies to enhance cardiac development and improve cardiac repair and regeneration.
Effective root responses to salinity stress include maintained cell expansion and carbon allocation
Authors: Li Hongfei , Duijts Kilian , Pasini Carlo , van Santen Joyce E , Wang Nan , Zeeman Samuel C. , Santelia Diana , Zhang Yanxia , Testerink Christa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcclimation of root growth is vital for plants to survive salt stress. Halophytes are great examples of plants that thrive under high salt concentrations but their salt tolerance mechanisms, especially those mediated by root responses, are still largely unknown. We compared root growth responses of the halophyteSchrenkiella parvulawith its glycophytic relative speciesArabidopsis thalianaunder salt stress, and performed root transcriptomic analysis to identify differences in gene regulatory networks underlying their physiological responses. Primary root growth ofS. parvulais less sensitive to salt compared with Arabidopsis. The root transcriptomic analysis ofS. parvularevealed the induction of sugar transporters and genes regulating cell expansion and suberization under salt stress.14C-labelled carbon partitioning analyses consistently showed thatS. parvulahad a higher incorporation rate of soluble sugars in roots under salt stress compared to Arabidopsis. Further physiological investigation revealed thatS. parvularoots do not show a halotropic response and maintain root cell expansion and enhanced suberization even under severe salt stress. In summary, our study demonstrates that roots ofS. parvuladeploy multiple physiological and developmental adjustments under salt stress to maintain growth, providing new avenues to improve salt tolerance of plants using root-specific strategies.
Can MSMEs in tourism survive the COVID-19 storm? A MSME view of their stakeholders
Authors: John Lijo 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis paper explores the challenges faced by the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the tourism industry in building capabilities toward being resilient in the wake of crises through a stakeholder perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study identifies the barriers to building resilience through detailed literature review and expert interviews. A total of 13 barriers were identified and were classified into into three main categories, namely economic barriers, organizational barriers, and stakeholder barriers. Subsequently, primary data were collected to emperically validate the nature and strength of interactions between these barriers and to quantitatively identify their impact.FindingsThe study identifies that in long run, stakeholder barriers are the most significant in building capabilities toward being resilient in the wake of crisis. However, for initial recovery, economic barriers need to be focused. Subsequently, organizational capabilities needs to be developed through stakeholder support.Practical implicationsThe study provides actionable insights to help MSMEs in the tourism industry to recover economically and to help them build lasting capabilities through organizational capability development and stakeholder support.Originality/valueThis study is novel on two aspects. First, the study investigates role of MSMEs in the tourism industry and how MSMEs are pivotal in helping the industry recover from a crisis by being resilient. Second, the role of stakeholders in the MSMEs sector in tourism is underexplored area and this study adds value to this nascent literature.
Verbal elder abuse in India: a descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Patel Avanish Bhai 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Verbal abuse of the aged people in later life is a matter of grave concern in contemporary times. Aged people are abused by family members, relatives and neighbors in the form of yelling, taunting, swearing and threats, among other things. These abusive behaviors have the greatest influence on their social standing and well-being, and they cause society and families to dismantle their social networks as a result. This study aims to understand the nature of verbal elder abuse as a social phenomenon under the theoretical framework of sociocultural paradigm and examines the causes.

Design/methodology/approach
The descriptive phenomenology method has been applied in this study. The study has been conducted on a sample of 60 elderly living in Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The concern of using descriptive phenomenology in the present study is to understand the nature of verbal abuse against the elderly systematically by exploring cultural, situational and social aspects of verbal abuse in Indian society. This method analyzes the reality behind the verbal elder abuse as a social phenomenon and relationship between elderly and their abusers.

Findings
The study finds an increase in verbal elder abuse in Indian families, which can range from psychological torture to physical torture, and includes insults, humiliation and neglecting the needs of the elderly for food, clothing, shelter and medical attention. The study also points out that reduction in attachment is as a responsible factor for verbal abuse with the elderly in modern times.

Originality/value
This is an original paper. This paper talks about the most concerning issue of verbal abuse which is faced by aged people in their family and society. Basically, this paper has applied the descriptive phenomenological method for the analysis of verbal elder abuse as a social phenomenon in the sociocultural context of Indian society.
The Oxford Cognitive Screen for use with Australian people after stroke (OCS‐AU): The adaptation process and determining cut scores for cognitive impairment using a cross‐sectional normative study
Authors: Sanctuary Colette , Hewitt Luisa , Demeyere Nele , Kankkunen Kirsti , Oxenham D. Vincent , Simpson Dawn B. , Stolwyk Renerus J. , Synn Artemis , Webb Sam S. , Marsden Dianne L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionTwo parallel versions (A and B) of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) were developed in the United Kingdom (UK) as a stroke‐specific screen of five key cognitive domains commonly affected post‐stroke. We aimed to develop the Australian versions A and B (OCS‐AU), including Australian cut‐scores indicative of impairment. We hypothesised there to be no difference in performance between the UK and Australian normative data cohorts.MethodsOur multidisciplinary expert panel used the UK pre‐defined process to develop the OCS‐AU versions A and B. We then conducted a cross‐sectional normative study. We purposively recruited community‐dwelling, Australian‐born, and educated adults; with no known cognitive impairment; representative of age, sex, education level, and living location; at seven sites (four metropolitan, three regional) across four Australian states. Participants completed one or both OCS‐AU versions in a randomised order. Australian cohorts were compared with the corresponding UK cohorts for demographics using Pearson's chi‐squared test for sex and education, and Welch two‐sample t test for age. For the cut‐scores indicating cognitive impairment, the fifth (95th) percentiles and group mean performance score for each scored item were compared using Welch two‐sample t tests. The pre‐defined criteria for retaining OCS cut‐scores had no statistically significant difference in either percentile or group mean scores for each scored item.ResultsParticipants (n = 83) were recruited: fifty‐eight completed version A [age (years) mean = 61,SD = 15; 62% female], 60 completed version B [age (years) mean = 62,SD = 13, 53% female], and 35 completed both [age (years) mean = 64,SD = 11, 54% female]. Education was different between the cohorts for version B (12 years, p = 0.002). Cut‐scores for all 16 scored items for the OCS‐AU version B and 15/16 for version A met our pre‐defined criteria for retaining the OCS cut scores.ConclusionsThe OCS‐AU provides clinicians with an Australian‐specific, first‐line cognitive screening tool for people after stroke. Early screening can guide treatment and management.
Incorporating parameter variability into Monod models of nutrient‐limited growth of non‐diazotrophic and diazotrophic cyanobacteria
Authors: Wang Jingyu , James Scott C. , Back Jeffery A. , Scott J. Thad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModels are widely used tools in aquatic science to understand the mechanism of phytoplankton growth and anticipate the occurrence of harmful algal blooms. However, model parameterization remains challenging and issues that may introduce prediction uncertainty exist. Many models use the Monod equation to predict cyanobacteria growth rate based on ambient nutrient concentrations. The half‐saturation concentrations in the Monod equation varies greatly among different studies and depends on environmental conditions. In this study, we estimated the growth rate due to nutrient limitations for two cyanobacteria species (Microcystis aeruginosa and Dolichospermum flos‐aquae) using a modified Monod model which allows the half‐saturation concentration to vary according to initial nitrogen (N) conditions. The model is calibrated against observations from laboratory experiment where cyanobacteria growth and ambient nutrient concentrations were measured simultaneously, which is rarely done in the literature. Our results show this modified model produce better predictions on growth rate and biomass, indicating many commonly used mechanistic models may need improvement regarding phytoplankton growth representation. Furthermore, our study quantifies the flexibility in cyanobacteria growth parameter across a wide range of environmental N in eutrophic lakes thus provides important information for large‐scale modelling applications.
Finland: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: PALONEN EMILIA 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn 2021, Finland implemented the long‐planned health, social and rescue services reform under the new regional governance framework. The Covid‐19 vaccinations were issued and the pandemic governance debated as the minister responsible wanted to maintain tighter control. Pandemic fatigue was emerging and measures were lifted in October, only to be restored in December due to the Omicron variant of Covid‐19. A new populist‐splinter party emerged, speeded by contestation of the pandemic measures. As Finland made a large‐scale investment in US‐based fighter jets, NATO collaboration and Russian security concerns were discussed at the end of the year. Women remained strong in Finnish political leadership, and there were also some related changes in ministerial positions. The Finnish municipalities chose their councils for the last time independent of the regional elections. The municipal elections, delayed due to the pandemic to June, indicated the status of party competition at the time.
Do risk exposures explain accounting anomalies? A new testing method
Authors: Peng Zihang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractI quantitatively evaluate how much of the cross‐sectional return predictive ability of a range of accounting anomalies can be attributed to firm‐specific stock return covariances with market risk factors. Using a novel two‐step regression‐based testing method, I find robust evidence that the risk factor exposures do not explain a meaningful fraction of the time‐series variations in the return predictive coefficients of the anomaly variables. Out‐of‐sample tests further confirm that it is the mispricing component of the accounting anomalies that is mainly responsible for the return predictability.
How does economic policy uncertainty affect the relationship between household debt and consumption?
Authors: Jin Xuejun , Zhou Xue , Yang Xiaolan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of economic policy uncertainty on the consumption response to household debt using household‐level data from China. Our results suggest that there is a positive relationship between household debt and consumption. However, a higher level of economic policy uncertainty not only weakens this positive relationship but also inhibits the effect of household debt on the consumption structure. In addition, the negative impacts of policy uncertainty are stronger among households that are more liquidity constrained, whose heads have lower cognitive abilities and financial literacy, and that are located in provinces with lower levels of digital financial inclusion.
Comparison of noninvasive prenatal screening with combined first‐trimester screening as a frontline screening approach for common trisomies in a public hospital in Australia
Authors: Battese Ellis Katie , Sathasivam Nalayin , Bonifacio Michael , Benzie Ronald 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCombined first‐trimester screening (cFTS) for fetal anomalies involves maternal serum screening for biochemical markers and measurement of the nuchal translucency (NT) by ultrasound. Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) analyses cell‐free DNA present in a maternal blood sample for presence of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies.AimsTo compare NIPS with cFTS as frontline screening in a public hospital in Australia.Materials and methodsWomen were offered NIPS in addition to the usual cFTS routinely offered to all women at a public hospital in NSW, Australia. The cFTS sample was collected at ten weeks' gestation and the NIPS sample at 12 weeks' gestation at the ultrasound appointment.ResultsIn a low‐risk population of 997 women, frontline NIPS had a screen‐positive rate of 0.5% (5/997) vs 4.2% (42/997) with cFTS. cFTS correctly identified one trisomy 21 case and one trisomy 18 case; however, there were two trisomy 18 false negatives. Of five positive NIPS calls, four were correctly identified as trisomy 21 (one) and trisomy 18 (three); there were no NIPS false negatives. Overall, the false‐positive rate with NIPS was 0.1% vs 4.0% by cFTS.ConclusionsThe lower screen‐positive rate with NIPS for common trisomies was a result of the significantly lower false‐positive rate with NIPS. Consequently, NIPS as first‐line screening, even if funded by the hospital, may provide cost savings. We believe NIPS should be used from ten weeks' gestation in conjunction with morphology ultrasound for routine first‐trimester prenatal management.
Comparison of macro‐molluscan assemblages in a protected and a non‐protected tropical seagrass ecosystem
Authors: Paramasivam K. , Venkataraman K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHumans benefit from a variety of ecosystem services provided by seagrass meadows. However, seagrass conservation efforts appear to be insufficient, as evidenced by its low representation in marine protected areas around the world. Protecting seagrasses benefits not just the seagrass itself, but also the macro‐benthic invertebrate assemblages that dwell beside it and contribute indirectly to the various environmental services through their functions. Studies comparing seagrass‐associated invertebrate assemblages and functional trait composition within and outside marine protected areas are uncommon, so the current study compares invertebrate assemblages and functional trait composition from a marine protected area (Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park) and an adjacent non‐marine protected area (Palk Bay) along the southeast coast of India. The species richness (meanS = 83.3) and density (meanD = 6276.6) of seagrass‐associated macro‐molluscs were higher in marine protected areas than in non‐marine protected areas (meanS = 54.6, meanD = 5264.0), but not the species diversity (meanH′ = 2.1 for marine protected areas; meanH′ = 2.0 for non‐marine protected areas). Protected seagrass ecosystems, on the contrary, exhibited much higher species richness within functional groups (i.e., deposit feeders [meanS = 5.5], micro‐/macro‐grazers [21.7], predators [34.8], ectoparasites [2.1], and suspension feeders [19.3]), suggesting that the protection status supports functional redundancy. The study's findings reveal the importance of protection status in enhancing macro‐mollusc assemblages in seagrass ecosystems, which improves the ecosystem's resilience and function.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells regulated the gemcitabine‐resistance function of CAFs by LINC00460
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Xu , Li Jian‐Hui , Ni Xuhao , Wu Xiao , Hou Xun , Li Ya‐Xiong , Li Shi‐Jin , Zhao Wei , Yin Xiao‐Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly fatal malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. Gemcitabine resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of PDAC. Here, we showed that LINC00460 was associated with the response to gemcitabine both in PDAC patients and PDAC‐PDX. After knocking down LINC00460 in PDAC tumor cells, results of RNA sequencing followed by gene ontology analysis indicated that LINC00460 influenced the activity of growth factors and modified the extracellular matrix. FISH showed that LINC00460 is mostly located in the cytoplasm. Results of RNA pull‐down, LC–MS/MS, RIP, and immunoblotting confirmed that LINC00460 could directly bind to PDAP1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LINC00460 mediated the cellular communication of PDAC tumor cells and CAFs by PDAP1/PDGFA/PDGFR signaling pathway and regulated the gemcitabine‐resistance function of CAFs, which could be reversed by treatment with a PDGFR inhibitor (crenolanib). PDAC‐PDX tumors with lower expression of LINC00460 showed a better response to gemcitabine plus crenolanib treatment. Our finding supported the application of LINC00460 in precision medicine that uses gemcitabine plus crenolanib to treat PDAC with low expression of LINC00460.
SAR1A regulates the RhoA/YAP and autophagy signaling pathways to influence osteosarcoma invasion and metastasis
Authors: Zhan Fangbiao , Deng Qianrong , Chen Zhiyu , Xie Chaozheng , Xiang Shuang , Qiu Sheng , Tian Lin , Wu Chunrong , Ou Yunsheng , Chen Jian , Xu Lixin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most prevalent form of primary bone malignancy affecting adolescents. Secretion‐associated Ras‐related GTPase 1A (SAR1A) is a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, but its role as a regulator of osteosarcoma metastasis has yet to be clarified. Bioinformatics analyses revealed SAR1A and RHOA to be upregulated in osteosarcoma patients, with the upregulation of these genes being associated with poor 5‐year metastasis‐free survival rates. In addition, the upregulation of SAR1A and RHOA in osteosarcoma was highly positively correlated. Immunohistochemical analyses additionally revealed that SAR1A levels were increased in osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases. In vitro wound healing and Transwell assays indicated that knocking down SAR1A or RHOA impaired the invasive and migratory activity of osteosarcoma cells, whereas RHOA overexpression had the opposite effect. Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining revealed the inhibition of osteosarcoma cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition following SAR1A or RHOA knockdown; RHOA overexpression had the opposite effect. Following SAR1A knockdown, phalloidin staining indicated that osteosarcoma cells showed reduced lamellipodia formation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress levels and reactive oxygen species production were enhanced following the knockdown of SAR1A, as was autophagic activity, with lung metastases being reduced in vivo after such knockdown. Knocking down SAR1A suppresses osteosarcoma cell metastasis through the RhoA/YAP, ER stress, and autophagic pathways, offering new insights into the regulation of autophagic activity in the context of osteosarcoma cell metastasis and suggesting that these pathways could be amenable to therapeutic intervention.