bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Warning System for Urolithiasis via Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery using Machine Learning
Authors: Jeong Jinho , Chang Kidon , Lee Jisuk , Choi Jongeun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: To develop a warning system that can prevent or minimize laser exposure resulting in kidney and ureter damage during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for urolithiasis. Our study builds on the hypothesis that shock waves of different degrees are delivered to the hand of the surgeon depending on whether the laser hits the stone or tissue. Methods: A surgical environment was simulated for RIRS by filling the body of a raw whole chicken with water and stones from the human body. We developed an acceleration measurement system that recorded the power signal data for a number of hours, yielding distinguishable characteristics among three different states (idle state, stones, and tissue–laser interface) by conducting fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. A discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was used for feature extraction, and a random forest classification algorithm was applied to classify the current state of the laser–tissue interface. Results: The result of the FFT showed that the power spectrum is different within the frequency range of <2500 Hz, indicating that the different states are distinguishable. Each recorded signal was cut in only 0.5-s increments and transformed using the DWT. The transformed data were entered into a random forest classifier to train the model. The test result was only measured with the dataset that was isolated from the training dataset. The maximum average test accuracy was >95%. The procedure was repeated with random signal dummy data, resulting in an average accuracy of 33.33% and proving that the proposed method caused no bias. Conclusions: Our monitoring system receives the shockwave signals generated from the RIRS urolithiasis treatment procedure and generates the laser irradiance status by rapidly recognizing (in 0.5 s) the current laser exposure state with high accuracy (95%). We postulate that this can significantly minimize surgeon error during RIRS.
Evaluation of the efficacy of different sedative doses of dexmedetomidine on the intestinal motility in clinically healthy donkeys (Equus asinus)
Authors: Abass Marwa , Ibrahim Hussam , Salci Hakan , Hamed Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The gastrointestinal effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine in donkeys are unknown. The study aimed to assess the impacts of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the motility of selected parts of the gastrointestinal tracts in donkeys using trans-abdominal ultrasonography. In-vivo experiment, a thirty healthful donkey of both sex (fifteen males and fifteen females;160 ± 60 kg) received either normal saline solution or three different doses of dexmedetomidine (3, 5, 7 µg/kg) within two weeks washout period. All medications were given intravenously in equal volumes. The contractility of selected intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum) was totaled for three min before administration (zero time) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. Results: There were no detectable clinical abnormalities on all selected donkeys, and they remained clinically healthy throughout the study period. Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine markedly inhibited the small and large intestine motility when compared with saline treatment. The existing study revealed that Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine reduces donkeys' small and large intestinal motility. Conclusion: Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine is a suitable sedative drug for donkeys when sedation and analgesia are needed for very short periods.
Nrf2 Regulates Microglia-mediated Phagocytosis and Neuroinflammation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Lirong , Bao Shuangjin , Yao Zhenjia , Bai Qinqin , Liang Chuntian , Fu Pengcheng , Wang Gaiqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Activated microglia is essential for hematoma clearance and recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aims to evaluate the effect of microglial functional transformation in hematoma clearance after ICH. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we also investigate whether Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) -mediated microglial phagocytosis and inflammatory response plays a role in hematoma clearance and functional recovery after ICH.Methods: For in vitro experiments, BV-2 cells were cultured and randomly divided into 4 groups, including normal control, microglia + Nrf2-siRNA (100 nmol/L), microglia + monascin (15 µM), and microglia + Xuezhikang (200 µg/mL) groups. For vivo experiments, 42 mice were divided into2 groups, i.e., sham, ICH+vehicle, ICH+Nrf2-/-, ICH+monascin (10mg/kg/day, twice) and ICH+Xuezhikang (0.2g/kg/day, twice) groups. Further, neurologic scores, hemoglobin levels, microglial phagocytosis, brain expression of CD80/Trem1/TNF-α (pro-inflammatory cytokines),and CD206/Trem2/BDNF(anti-inflammatory cytokines) were analyzed 72 hours after surgery. Results: The results showed that Nrf2 agonists improved neurological deficits and decreased hemoglobin levels after ICH through regulating microglial functional transformation. Administration of Nrf2 agonist- monascin/ Xuezhikang improved microglia-mediated phagocytosis of erythrocytes and bio-particles through Nrf2 upregulation. Alternatively, monascin/ Xuezhikang promoted the expression of Triggering receptor II expressed on myeloid cells(Trem2), CD206, and BDNF while inhibiting the expression of Trem1,CD80, and TNF-α in microglia. Conversely, Nrf2 inhibition (Nrf2 siRNA or Nrf2-/-) demonstrated conflicting results after ICH.Conclusion: Microglial functional transformations are implicated in hematoma clearance after ICH. Nrf2 activation leads to microglial functional transformation and phagocytic responses then exert its neuroprotection after ICH. Nrf2 activator (Monascin /Xuezhikang) improves hematoma clearance and alleviates neuroinflammation by regulating microglial functional alteration after ICH.
Optimizing the Radiation Treatment Planning of Brain Tumors by Integration of Functional MRI and White Matter Tractography
Authors: Boroun Arman , Montazerabadi Alireza , Molana Seyed Hadi , Gholamhosseinian Hamid , Pashaei Fakhereh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess whether the incorporation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data into the radiation treatment planning process of brain tumors could spare the neurological parts of the brain from high doses of radiation.
Methods
In this study, the fMRI and DTI data were obtained from eight glioma patients and included in the radiation treatment plan‏. This patient-specific fMRI and DTI data were attained based on tumor location, patient's general conditions, and the importance of the functional and fiber tract areas. The functional regions, fiber tracts, anatomical organs at risk, and the tumor were contoured for radiation treatment planning. Finally, the radiation treatment planning with and without fMRI & DTI information was obtained and compared.
Results
On average, the mean dose to the functional areas was reduced by 25.36%, and the maximum dose was reduced by 18.57% on fMRI & DTI plans compared with the anatomical plans In addition, 15.59% and 20.84% reductions in the mean and maximum doses of the fiber tracts were achieved, respectively.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the feasibility of using fMRI and DTI data in radiation treatment planning to maximize radiation protection of the functional cortex and fiber tracts. We also observed a significant reduction in the mean and maximum doses to these neurologically relevant brain regions. Dose reduction would reduce the neuro-cognitive complications and improve the patient's quality of life.
Neoadjuvant therapy for sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Qiu Hui , Hao Chun-Yi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Backround Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas (SCP) is a rare type of malignant pancreatic neoplasm, and its prognosis is even worse than that of conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Currently, there is no standard regimen for treating SCP, and the impact of systemic therapy on the survival of patients with SCP has not been well defined. Case presentation Herein, we report a case of local unresectable SCP with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, radical excision after camrelizumab and anlotinib therapy, which resulted in a remarkable reduction in the size of primary tumor and complete remission of the metastatic lymph node. Conclusions This is the first report of the use of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenesis therapy in a patient with SCP, which provides optimistic data to support the synergistic effect.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour of the Common Bile Duct: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang Xiang , Luo Shuai , Li Yao , Meng Xue , Wang Jinjing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the common bile duct (CBD) is an extremely rare low-grade malignancy with various biological behaviours and a lack of specific clinical and histopathological features. Preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis are challenging, and an undiagnosed tumour can cause increased surgical trauma.Case presentation: We report a 34-year-old male who presented with yellowish whole-body skin and yellowish eyes for 20+ days. There was no history of abdominal swelling or pain, fever or chills. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a well-defined, asymmetrical, circumferential obstructing mass in the hilum-mid CBD. The patient was suspected to have cholangiocarcinoma and underwent total bile duct tumour resection and digestive tract reconstruction. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, and the patient was followed up for three years and exhibited good health.Conclusion: We report a case and literature review regarding inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the CBD, which is an extremely rare low-grade malignancy.
High-throughput sequencing reveals the epitranscriptome-wide landscape of m6A-modified circRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Wei , Liu Jingwen , Wu Jie , Ma Xiaozhou , Wang Xi , Zhang Leyu , Yang Jianming , Hu Xin , Cui Yameng , Deng Jiayin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Emerging transcriptome high throughput screenings reveal the landscape and functions of RNAs, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), in human cancer. In addition, the post-transcriptional internal modifications, especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A), greatly enrich the variety of RNAs metabolism. However, the m6A modification on circRNAs has yet to be addressed. Here, we report an epitranscriptome-wide mapping of m6A-modified circRNAs (m6A-circRNA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Utilizing the data of MeRIP-seq and m6A-circRNAs epitranscriptomic microarray analysis, we found that m6A-circRNAs exhibited their particular modification style in OSCC, which was independent of m6A-mRNA. Besides, m6A modification on circRNAs frequently occurred on the long exons in the front part of the coding sequence (CDS), which was distinct from m6A-mRNA that in 3’-UTR or stop codon. In conclusion, our work preliminarily demonstrates the traits of m6A-circRNAs and probed into the association of m6A-circRNAs and m6A-mRNA, which may bring enlighten for the roles of m6A-circRNAs in OSCC.
Correlation Between COVID-19 Infection Rate and Atmospheric Environmental Factors in Seoul Metropolitan City, South Korea
Authors: Choi Won , Kim Ki-Youn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to statistically analyze whether the change in the COVID-19 virus infection rate is affected by atmospheric environmental factors in Seoul metropolitan city of South Korea. The research period of this study is from January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. The correlation relationship between the COVID-19 virus infection rate and atmospheric environmental factors such as PM10, PM2.5, temperature, and humidity was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. In the correlation between PM10 and PM2.5 and the COVID-19 virus infection rate, correlation coefficient between PM10 and infection rate was r=0.114(p=0.019), showing a positive correlation. The correlation coefficient between PM2.5 and infection rate was r=0.147(p=0.002), which indicates a higher positive correlation than PM10. In the correlation between thermal factors and infection rate, the correlation coefficients between temperature and infection rate and between relative humidity and infection rate were r= -0.527(p=0.000) and r= -0.91(p=0.060), respectively. Unlike PM10 and PM2.5, temperature and relative humidity showed a negative correlation with the infection rate. Except for relative humidity, PM10, PM2.5 and temperature had statistically significant correlations with the infection rate (p<0.05). Based on the results obtained from this study, it is recommended to avoid outdoor activities as much as possible in weather with high PM10 and PM2.5 and low temperature and humidity.
Measuring quality of gout management in residential aged care facilities
Authors: Nguyen Amy D , Lind Kimberly E , Day Richard O , Ross Daniel , Raban Magdalena Z , Georgiou Andrew , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
ObjectivesGout, a common form of arthritis, can be successfully controlled with pharmacotherapy and thus an ideal model for examining chronic disease management. Our aim was to examine treatment of gout evaluated in accordance with general management guidelines for gout as applied to Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsElectronic health record data linked with aged care clinical notes and electronic medication administration information (11,548 residents in 68 RACFs, over 65 years) was interrogated to identify people with gout, other chronic conditions and gout medication use. Outcomes examined: 1) proportion receiving urate-lowering therapy (ULT) (preventative medication) and/or colchicine/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) (treat gout flares); 2) number of ULT and colchicine/NSAID treatment episodes (periods of continuous days of medication use); 3) duration of these medication uses.ResultsCohort included 1179 residents with gout, of which 62% used a ULT, with median of one episode of use for a very short duration (median=4 days, median of use in total (i.e. repeated use)=52 days). Among residents with gout, 9% also used colchicine or an NSAID. Female residents were less likely to receive ULT and for shorter periods.ConclusionNearly a third of residents with gout did not receive ULTs. In those receiving ULT, recurrent short courses were common. Overall, management of gout in aged care residents appears to be suboptimal, largely due to intermittent and short exposure to ULT, and with female residents at greater risk of poor gout management.
Rare event of NTRK3 rearrangement and amplification in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hou Yingyong , Xu Huijuan , Jiang Dongxian , Zhang Fuhan , Yu Zixiang , Huang Jie , Sujie Akesu , Xu Jianfang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study observed the rearrangement and amplification of NTRK3 in a large sample, providing a basis for the potential treatment of NTRK in esophageal cancer. The tissue microarray of 478 cases was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. Results of this study show that both NTRK3 gene rearrangement and copy number variation are rare events in ESCC. Gene rearrangement and copy number changes have little influence on the prognosis.Except when gene copy number was greater than or equal to 4, patients with stage I+II showed a trend of poor prognosis (P=0.120; OS, P=0.095). Conclusion NTRK3 gene rearrangement and gene copy number variation are rare in esophageal cancer, and gene rearrangement does not affect prognosis, while the number of gene copies was 4 as the threshold, there was a tendency of poor prognosis.
Timing of balloon atrial septostomy in patients with d-TGA and association with birth location and patient outcomes
Authors: Thomas Courtney , Yu Sunkyung , Lowery Ray , Zampi Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Patients with d-looped transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), especially those without an adequate atrial septal defect, can experience severe hypoxemia and hemodynamic compromise in the neonatal period. This can be mitigated by urgent balloon atrial septostomy (BAS). However, some patients with d-TGA are born at centers without this capability. The aim of this retrospective study of d-TGA patients who had urgent or emergent BAS at our institution between 2010 and 2021 was to evaluate time from birth to BAS for infants born at a tertiary care center as compared to those requiring transport from other institutions and to examine correlation between time to BAS and patient outcomes. Our primary outcome was time from birth to BAS. Secondary outcomes included hospital and ICU length of stay, mortality, and evidence of pulmonary or neurologic abnormalities including pulmonary hypertension, abnormal neuroimaging, or seizures. Of 96 patients, 67 (70%) were born at our institution. The median time to BAS was 4 hours for patients born at our institution vs. 14.1 hours for those born elsewhere (p < .0001). A longer time from birth to BAS was associated with longer ICU (r = 0.21, p = 0.046) and hospital length of stay (r = 0.24, p = 0.02) and increased likelihood of elevated right ventricular pressure on post-operative discharge echocardiogram (p = 0.01). There were no differences in mortality between the groups. Therefore, prenatal planning for patients with known d-TGA should include a delivery plan with access to urgent BAS.
Integrating a Group-Based, Early Childhood Parenting Intervention into Primary Health Care Services in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Mehrin Syeda Fardina , Hasan Mohammed Imrul , Tofail Fahmida , Shiraji Shamima , Ridout Deborah , Grantham-McGregor Sally , Hamadani Jena D , Baker-Henningham Helen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Over 250 million children globally do not reach their developmental potential. We tested whether integrating a group-based, early childhood parenting programme into government healthcare clinics improved children’s development, growth, and behaviour.Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial in 40 community clinics in the Kishorganj district of Bangladesh. We randomly assigned clinics (1:1) to deliver a group-based parenting interventions or to a comparison group that received no intervention. Participants were children aged 5-24 months, with weight-for-age z-score of ≤ -1.5 SDs of the WHO standards, living within a thirty-minute walking distance from the clinic (n=419 intervention, 366 control). Government health staff facilitated parenting sessions in the clinic with groups of four mother/child dyads fortnightly for one year as part of their routine duties. Primary outcomes measured at baseline and endline were child development measured using the Bayley scales, child behaviours during the test, and growth and were. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02208531Findings: 91% of children were tested at endline (396 intervention, 319 control). Multilevel analyses showed significant benefits of intervention to child cognition (effect size 0.85 SDs, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.11), language (0.69 SDs, 0.43, 0.94), and motor development (0.52 SDs, 0.31, 0.73), and to child behaviours during the test (ranging from 0.36 SDs, 0.14, 0.58, to 0.53 SDs, 0.35, 0.71). There were no significant effects on growth.Conclusion: A scalable parenting intervention, integrated into existing government health services and implemented by government health staff, led to significant benefits to child development and behaviour.
Soft X-ray Characterization of Halide Perovskite Film by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy
Authors: Jun Haeyeon , Lee Hee Ryung , Tondelier Denis , Geffroy Bernard , Schulz Philip , Bourée Jean-Éric , Bonnassieux Yvan , Swaraj Sufal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have recently been receiving a lot of attention due to their newfound application in optoelectronic devices, including perovskite solar cells (PSCs) which has reached power conversion efficiencies as high as 25.5%. However, the fundamental mechanisms in PSCs, including the correlation of degradation with the excellent optoelectrical properties of the perovskite absorbers, are poorly understood. In this paper, we have explored synchrotron-based soft X-ray characterization as an effective technique for the compositional analysis of MHP thin films. Most synchrotron-based studies used for investigating MHP so far are based on hard X-rays (5–10 keV) which includes various absorption edges (Pb L-edge, I L-edge, Br K-edge, etc.) but are not suited for the analysis of the organic component in MHPs. In order to be sensitive to a maximum number of elements, we have employed soft X-ray-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) as a spectro-microscopy technique for the characterization of MHPs. We examined its sensitivity to iodine and organic components, aging, or oxidation by-products in MHPs to make sure that our suggested method is suitable for studying MHPs. Furthermore, methylammonium triiodide with different deposition ratios of PbI2 and CH3NH3I (MAI), and different thicknesses, were characterized for chemical inhomogeneity at the nanoscale by STXM. Through these measurements, we demonstrate that STXM is very sensitive to MHP chemical composition and homogeneity. Thus, we highlight the utility of STXM for an in-depth analysis of physical and chemical phenomena in PSCs.
Managing biological invasions: the cost of inaction
Authors: Ahmed Danish Ali , Hudgins Emma Judith , Cuthbert Ross Noel , Kourantidou Melina , Diagne Christophe , Haubrock Phillip Joschka , Leung Brian , Liu Chunlong , Leroy Boris , Petrovskii Sergei , Beidas Ayah , Courchamp Franck 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ecological and socio-economic impacts from biological invasions are rapidly escalating worldwide. While effective management underpins impact mitigation, such actions are often delayed, insufficient or entirely absent. Presently, management delays emanate from a lack of monetary rationale to invest at early invasion stages, which precludes effective prevention and eradication. Here, we provide such rationale by developing a conceptual model to quantify the cost of inaction, i.e., the additional expenditure due to delayed management, under varying time delays and management efficiencies. Further, we apply the model to management and damage cost data from a relatively data-rich genus ( Aedes mosquitoes). Our model demonstrates that rapid management interventions following invasion drastically minimise costs. We also identify key points in time that differentiate among scenarios of timely, delayed and severely delayed management intervention. Any management action during the severely delayed phase results in substantial losses of the potential maximum loss). For Aedes spp., we estimate that the existing management delay of 55 years led to an additional total cost of approximately $ 4.57 billion, compared to a scenario with management action only 7 years prior. Moreover, we estimate that in the absence of management action, long-term losses would have accumulated to US$ 32.31 billion. These results highlight the need for more timely management of invasive alien species — either pre-invasion, or as soon as possible after detection — by demonstrating how early investments rapidly reduce long-term economic impacts.