bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning and analysis of genomic diversity of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” strains from 20 citrus production states in Mexico
Authors: Huang Jiaquan , Alanís-Martínez Iobana , Kumagai Lucita , Dai Zehan , Zheng Zheng , Perez de Leon Adalberto A. , Chen Jianchi , Deng Xiaoling 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundHuanglongbing (HLB, yellow shoot disease) is a highly destructive citrus disease associated with a nonculturable bacterium, “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas), which is transmitted by Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri). In Mexico, HLB was first reported in Tizimin, Yucatán, in 2009 and is now endemic in 351 municipalities of 25 states. Understanding the population diversity of CLas is critical for HLB management. Current CLas diversity research is exclusively based on analysis of the bacterial genome, which composed two regions, chromosome (&gt; 1,000 genes) and prophage (about 40 genes).Methods and resultsIn this study, 40 CLas-infected ACP samples from 20 states in Mexico were collected. CLas was detected and confirmed by PCR assays. A prophage gene(terL)-based typing system (TTS) divided the Mexican CLas strains into two groups: Term-G including four strains from Yucatán and Chiapas, as well as strain psy62 from Florida, USA, and Term-A included all other 36 Mexican strains, as well as strain AHCA1 from California, USA. CLas diversity was further evaluated to include all chromosomal and prophage genes assisted by using machine learning (ML) tools to resolve multidimensional data handling issues. A Term-G strain (YTMX) and a Term-A strain (BCSMX) were sequenced and analyzed. The two Mexican genome sequences along with the CLas genome sequences available in GenBank were studied. An unsupervised ML was implemented through principal component analysis (PCA) on average nucleotide identities (ANIs) of CLas whole genome sequences; And a supervised ML was implemented through sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of coding genes of CLas guided by the TTS. Two CLas Geno-groups, Geno-group 1 that extended Term-A and Geno-group 2 that extended Term-G, were established.ConclusionsThis study concluded that: 1) there were at least two different introductions of CLas into Mexico; 2) CLas strains between Mexico and USA are closely related; and 3) The two Geno-groups provide the basis for future CLas subspecies research.
Predicting school readiness program implementation in community-based childcare centers
Authors: Hunter Leah J. , Bayly Benjamin L. , Bierman Karen L. , Welsh Janet A. , Gest Julia M. 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionTargeted curricular interventions can increase preschool program quality and boost children’s academic and social–emotional readiness skills, but variable funding and weak organizational infrastructure in many community-based childcare centers may reduce the effective implementation of these programs.MethodThis study examined individual teacher and workplace predictors of the REDI program implementation, a targeted school readiness program that was adapted to support delivery in childcare centers. REDI was delivered by 63 teachers in 37 community-based childcare centers with center directors serving as local implementation coaches.ResultsResults showed that individual teacher factors (e.g., teaching skills and receptivity to intervention consultation) predicted the quality with which REDI activities and teaching strategies were delivered, and workplace factors were important predictors across multiple implementation indicators.DiscussionPractice and policy implications for improving intervention implementation and corresponding program quality in childcare centers are highlighted.
Teacher autonomy support and externalizing problems: Variations based on growth mindset toward personality and ethnicity
Authors: Ma Yongfeng , Ma Chunhua , Lan Xiaoyu 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionGiven the prevalence of externalizing problems during adolescence, the present study investigated the main and interactive relationships between environmental-level (teacher autonomy support) and person-level (growth mindset toward personality) factors related to externalizing problems. This study further estimated ethnic variations of these relationships among the majority Han and one ethnic minority group (Hui) in China.MethodsTo achieve the research objectives, the study involved 704 Han (Mage = 12.57; 53.7% female) and 642 Hui adolescents (Mage = 12.45; 49.4% female) who completed a suite of research questionnaires.ResultsThe results of the hierarchical linear regression analysis, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid internalizing problems, showed that teacher autonomy support was directly and negatively related to externalizing problems. This negative relationship was also moderated by growth mindset toward personality and ethnicity. More specifically, a high growth mindset buffered the undesirable effect of low teacher autonomy support on externalizing problems for Hui adolescents but not Han adolescents.DiscussionThe finding from the current research suggests that teacher autonomy support plays a universally beneficial role in youth mental health across two selected ethnic groups. At the same time, identifying the protective role of growth mindset has important practical implications for the design of personalized school-based activities that aim to facilitate adaptive youth behaviors.
Recognition of social health: A conceptual framework in the context of dementia research
Authors: Vernooij-Dassen Myrra , Verspoor Eline , Samtani Suraj , Sachdev Perminder S. , Ikram M. Arfan , Vernooij Meike W. , Hubers Claudia , Chattat Rabih , Lenart-Bugla Marta , Rymaszewska Joanna , Szczesniak Dorota , Brodaty Henry , Welmer Anna-Karin , Maddock Jane , van der Velpen Isabelle F. , Wiegelmann Henrik , Marseglia Anna , Richards Marcus , Melis Rene , de Vugt Marjolein , Moniz-Cook Esme , Jeon Yun-Hee , Perry Marieke , Wolf-Ostermann Karin 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThe recognition of dementia as a multifactorial disorder encourages the exploration of new pathways to understand its origins. Social health might play a role in cognitive decline and dementia, but conceptual clarity is lacking and this hinders investigation of associations and mechanisms. The objective is to develop a conceptual framework for social health to advance conceptual clarity in future studies.ProcessWe use the following steps: underpinning for concept advancement, concept advancement by the development of a conceptual model, and exploration of its potential feasibility. An iterative consensus-based process was used within the international multidisciplinary SHARED project.Conceptual frameworkUnderpinning of the concept drew from a synthesis of theoretical, conceptual and epidemiological work, and resulted in a definition of social health as wellbeing that relies on capacities both of the individual and the social environment. Consequently, domains in the conceptual framework are on both the individual (e.g., social participation) and the social environmental levels (e.g., social network). We hypothesize that social health acts as a driver for use of cognitive reserve which can then slow cognitive impairment or maintain cognitive functioning. The feasibility of the conceptual framework is demonstrated in its practical use in identifying and structuring of social health markers within the SHARED project.DiscussionThe conceptual framework provides guidance for future research and facilitates identification of modifiable risk and protective factors, which may in turn shape new avenues for preventive interventions. We highlight the paradigm of social health in dementia as a priority for dementia research.
Staff’s experiences of implementing patient-initiated brief admission for adolescents from the perspective of epistemic (in)justice
Authors: Moberg Jennie , Schön Ulla-Karin 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe implementation of Patient-Initiated Brief Admission (PIBA) in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) in Sweden is ongoing. This intervention enables adolescents between the ages of 13–17 and with complex mental health problems to initiate a short care period for relief and support rather than the care apparatus being controlling in this process. Offering it is likely to promote epistemic agency, an exchange of knowledge and recovery from mental health problems.AimThe aim of this study was to explore staff’s perspectives of PIBA for adolescents with complex mental health problems, and what facilitates or hinders its implementation.MethodsTwenty seven employees, 21 women and six men, with various professions in CAP were interviewed and the material was analyzed thematically.ResultsTwo overall themes emerged: “Staff’s Experiences of PIBA” and “Managing Clinical PIBA Work.” The results were discussed in relation to the theoretical frameworks of epistemic injustice and Normalization Process Theory (NPT). The main findings indicate that PIBA was generally viewed in a positive way, but that obstacles arose when it was actually put into practice. Findings also point at an overall lack of agency among staff when implementing this new way of working, at the same time as the need to adapt PIBA from an adult psychiatric intervention to one for adolescents in CAP is addressed.ConclusionThis article offers insights into the views of psychiatric staff regarding the implementation of PIBA. If staff wish to support epistemic agency and recovery among adolescents, their agency may be an important aspect in the continued implementation. Furthermore, in order for PIBA to become normalized in a sustainable way, we suggest that the continued implementation should be characterized by a youth-friendly framework.
Transition patterns of metabolism-weight phenotypes over time: A longitudinal study using the multistate Markov model in China
Authors: Zhang Hongya , Tang Xiao , Hu Dongmei , Li Guorong , Song Guirong 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundA change in weight or metabolic status is a dynamic process, yet most studies have focused on metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and the transition between MHO and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO); therefore, they have not fully revealed the nature of all possible transitions among metabolism-weight phenotypes over the years.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study based on a retrospective health check-up cohort. A total of 9,742 apparently healthy individuals aged 20–60 years at study entry were included and underwent at least two health check-ups. Six metabolism-weight phenotypes were cross-defined by body mass index (BMI) categories and metabolic status as follows: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW), MHO, metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW), and MUO. A multistate Markov model was used to analyse all possible transitions among these phenotypes and assess the effects of demographic and blood indicators on the transitions.ResultsThe transition intensity from MUNW to MHNW was the highest (0.64), followed by the transition from MHO to MUO (0.56). The greatest sojourn time appeared in the MHNW state (3.84 years), followed by the MUO state (2.34 years), and the shortest sojourn time appeared in the MHO state (1.16 years). Transition intensities for metabolic improvement gradually decreased with BMI level as follows: 0.64 for MUNW to MHNW, 0.44 for MUOW to MHNW, and 0.27 for MUO to MHO; however, transition intensities for metabolic deterioration, including MHNW to MUNW, MHOW to MUOW, and MHO to MUO, were 0.15, 0.38, and 0.56, respectively. In the middle-aged male group, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and uric acid (UA) increased the risk of deterioration in weight and metabolic status and decreased the possibility of improvement.ConclusionMaintaining a normal and stable BMI is important for metabolic health. More attention should be given to males and elderly people to prevent their progression to an unhealthy metabolic and/or weight status. MHO is the most unstable phenotype and is prone to convert to the MUO state, and individuals with abnormal ALT, AST and UA are at an increased risk of transitioning to an unhealthy weight and/or metabolic status; therefore, we should be alert to abnormal indicators and MHO. Intervention measures should be taken early to maintain healthy weight and metabolic status.
Access to quality health resources and environmental toxins affect the relationship between brain structure and BMI in a sample of pre and early adolescents
Authors: Adise Shana , Marshall Andrew T. , Kan Eric , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundEnvironmental resources are related to childhood obesity risk and altered brain development, but whether these relationships are stable or if they have sustained impact is unknown. Here, we utilized a multidimensional index of childhood neighborhood conditions to compare the influence of various social and environmental disparities (SED) on body mass index (BMI)-brain relationships over a 2-year period in early adolescence.MethodsData were gathered the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (n = 2,970, 49.8% female, 69.1% White, no siblings). Structure magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), anthropometrics, and demographic information were collected at baseline (9/10-years-old) and the 2-year-follow-up (11/12-years-old). Region of interest (ROIs; 68 cortical, 18 subcortical) estimates of cortical thickness and subcortical volume were extracted from sMRI T1w images using the Desikan atlas. Residential addresses at baseline were used to obtain geocoded estimates of SEDs from 3 domains of childhood opportunity index (COI): healthy environment (COIHE), social/economic (COISE), and education (COIED). Nested, random-effects mixed models were conducted to evaluate relationships of BMI with (1) ROI * COI[domain] and (2) ROI * COI[domain]* Time. Models controlled for sex, race, ethnicity, puberty, and the other two COI domains of non-interest, allowing us to estimate the unique variance explained by each domain and its interaction with ROI and time.ResultsYouth living in areas with lower COISE and COIED scores were heavier at the 2-year follow-up than baseline and exhibited greater thinning in the bilateral occipital cortex between visits. Lower COISE scores corresponded with larger volume of the bilateral caudate and greater BMI at the 2-year follow-up. COIHE scores showed the greatest associations (n = 20 ROIs) with brain-BMI relationships: youth living in areas with lower COIHE had thinner cortices in prefrontal regions and larger volumes of the left pallidum and Ventral DC. Time did not moderate the COIHE x ROI interaction for any brain region during the examined 2-year period. Findings were independent of family income (i.e., income-to-needs).ConclusionCollectively our findings demonstrate that neighborhood SEDs for health-promoting resources play a particularly important role in moderating relationships between brain and BMI in early adolescence regardless of family-level financial resources.
Assessment of facility-level antiretroviral treatment patient status utilizing a national-level laboratory cohort: Toward an understanding of system-level tracking and clinic switching in South Africa
Authors: Murphy Joshua P. , Shumba Khumbo , Jamieson Lise , Nattey Cornelius , Pascoe Sophie , Fox Matthew P. , Miot Jacqui , Maskew Mhairi 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundMost estimates of HIV retention are derived at the clinic level through antiretroviral (ART) patient management systems, which capture ART clinic visit data, yet these cannot account for silent transfers across HIV treatment sites. Patient laboratory monitoring visits may also be observed in routinely collected laboratory data, which include ART monitoring tests such as CD4 count and HIV viral load, key to our work here.MethodsIn this analysis, we utilized the NHLS National HIV Cohort (a system-wide viewpoint) to investigate the accuracy of facility-level estimates of retention in care for adult patients accessing care (defined using clinic visit data on patients under ART recorded in an electronic patient management system) at Themba Lethu Clinic (TLC). Furthermore, we describe patterns of facility switching among all patients and those patients classified as lost to follow-up (LTFU) at the facility level.ResultsOf the 43,538 unique patients in the TLC dataset, we included 20,093 of 25,514 possible patient records (78.8%) in our analysis that were linked with the NHLS National Cohort, and we restricted the analytic sample to patients initiating ART between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017. Most (60%) patients were female, and the median age (IQR) at ART initiation was 37 (31–45) years. We found the laboratory records augmented retention estimates by a median of 860 additional active records (about 8% of all median active records across all years) from the facility viewpoint; this augmentation was more noticeable from the system-wide viewpoint, which added evidence of activity of about one-third of total active records in 2017. In 2017, we found 7.0% misclassification at the facility-level viewpoint, a gap which is potentially solvable through data integration/triangulation. We observed 1,134/20,093 (5.6%) silent transfers; these were noticeably more female and younger than the entire dataset. We also report the most common locations for clinic switching at a provincial level.DiscussionIntegration of multiple data sources has the potential to reduce the misclassification of patients as being lost to care and help understand situations where clinic switching is common. This may help in prioritizing interventions that would assist patients moving between clinics and hopefully contribute to services that normalize formal transfers and fewer silent transfers.
Detection of Mycoplasma bovirhinis and bovine coronavirus in an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease in nursing beef calves
Authors: McDaneld Tara G. , Workman Aspen M. , Chitko-McKown Carol G. , Kuehn Larry A. , Dickey Aaron , Bennett Gary L. 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionRespiratory disease incidence is intimately associated with an animal’s commensal bacteria populations (microbiome), as microbes that are involved with morbidity and mortality are commonly found in animals with no sign of disease. In addition, viral pathogens affect the immune system and appear to play an integral role in the overall incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD); so, an understanding of the interaction of the bacterial and viral pathogens in the upper respiratory tract (URT) may help us to understand the impact of these pathogens on development of BRD. For this research, the overall goal was to characterize bacterial and viral populations in the URT of nursing beef calves at initial vaccination and at the time of a BRD outbreak.MethodsNasal swabs from the URT were collected at initial vaccination (average 45 days of age) and again at the time of the BRD outbreak (average 126 days of age). DNA and RNA were extracted from nasal swabs to evaluate bacterial and viral populations in the URT. Whole blood was also collected at the time of the BRD outbreak for determination of complete blood counts. To evaluate the microbiome, hypervariable regions 1 through 3 along the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced using next-generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) for identification of the bacterial taxa present. To evaluate the viral pathogens, multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing (Illumina NextSeq) was completed.ResultsOverall, evaluation of these samples revealed that at the time of the BRD outbreak, all calves were nasally shedding bovine coronavirus and a large percentage had a coinfection with Mycoplasma sp., with Mycoplasma bovirhinis being the predominant species. Neither bovine coronavirus nor Mycoplasma sp. were present at high abundance at the earlier timepoint of initial vaccination. When comparing bacterial population diversity between the two sampling timepoints, alpha diversity was significantly greater at initial vaccination compared to the BRD outbreak (P-value &lt;0.001). Values of leukocytes at the time of the BRD outbreak were also identified to be significantly different between calves with normal or elevated rectal temperatures (P-value &lt;0.05).DiscussionAnalysis of the respiratory microflora in the URT during initial vaccination and a BRD outbreak will provide insight into the distribution of bacterial and viral populations in nursing beef calves.
An Ab Initio Investigation of the Hydration of Tin(II)
Authors: Pye Cory C. , Gunasekara Champika Mahesh 
Published: December 2022

The structure of tin(II) is not well known in aqueous solution. The energies, structures, and vibrational frequencies of [Sn(H2O)n,]2+ n = 0–9, 18 have been calculated at the Hartree–Fock and second order Møller–Plesset levels of theory using the CEP, LANL2, and SDD effective core potentials in combination with their associated basis sets, or with the 6-31G* and 6-31+G* basis sets. The tin–oxygen distances and totally symmetric stretching frequency of the aquatin(II) ions were compared with each other, and with solution measurements where available.
Chemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves and Seeds
Authors: Anzano Attilio , de Falco Bruna , Ammar Mohammad , Ricciardelli Annarita , Grauso Laura , Sabbah Mohammed , Capparelli Rosanna , Lanzotti Virginia 
Published: December 2022

Moringa oleifera is a traditional food crop widespread in Asiatic, African, and South American continents. The plant, able to grow in harsh conditions, shows a high nutritional value and medicinal potential evidencing cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was the phytochemical analysis of M. oleifera and the identification of the antimicrobial compounds by combining a chemical approach with in vitro tests. The metabolite profile of M. oleifera polar and apolar extracts of leaves and seeds were investigated by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of all of the obtained extract was evaluated against four bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica). The chemical analysis provided a wide set of metabolites that were identified and quantified. Moreover, apolar extracts from seeds showed a significant concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, (4 mg/mL reduced the viability up to 50%) that was associated to the content of specific fatty acids. Our results remarked the advantages of an integrated approach for the identification of plant metabolites and its use in association with biological tests to recognize the compounds responsible for bioactivity without compounds purification.