bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observational study of the South American low‐level jet during the SALLJEX
Authors: Yabra Melina Sol , Nicolini Matilde , Borque Paloma , Skabar Yanina Garcia , Salio Paola 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe South American low‐level jet (SALLJ) is a narrow northerly wind speed maximum present just above the boundary layer. It is an important component of the tropical–extratropical heat and moisture exchange in South America and can favour deep moist convection in southeastern South America. The main objective of this study is to analyse the SALLJ characteristics at 21 upper‐air stations deployed between the Tropics and the subtropics from just east of the Andes to the eastern plains during the SALLJ Experiment (SALLJEX). The greatest wind speed occurs between 300 and 2,000 m AGL between 0300 and 1200 UTC, mainly in connection with greater northerly winds during an anticlockwise rotation of the wind from sunset to sunrise, thus suggesting the important role of the inertial oscillation in the wind's diurnal cycle. The spatial variation of the LLJ throughout the SALLJEX network shows a weakening of the maximum wind speed from stations near the Andes towards the Plains suggesting the presence of the LLJ core just east of the Andes around Santa Cruz de la Sierra's latitude (17°48′S). Weak, moderate, and strong SALLJ categories defined from a local maximum northerly wind speed threshold at each station are defined to analyse the relationship between the SALLJ intensity and the thermodynamic properties of the lower layers of the atmosphere. Strong SALLJs are frequently observed at night‐time, while weak SALLJs are likely to occur at any time of the day. Strong cases have deeper and less stable nocturnal boundary layers, which could be due to the SALLJ warm advection near the time of wind speed maximum (0600 UTC). Deeper convective boundary layers and higher low‐level temperatures observed at 1800 UTC prior to strong nocturnal SALLJs can potentially lead to larger amplitudes of inertial oscillation and contribute to generating stronger SALLJs.
Posterior auricular artery as a novel anatomic landmark for identification of the facial nerve: A clinical study
Authors: Liu Muyuan , Tong Litian , Xu Manbin , Xu Xiang , Guo Haipeng , Xu Shaowei , Peng Hanwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn our previous cadaveric study, we highlighted the posterior auricular artery (PAA) as a potential landmark for early identification of facial nerve (FN) when performing parotidectomy. However, further clinical study is critically needed before this landmark could be applied in clinical practice.MethodsFor 31 patients enrolled, we tried to identify the FN by the guide of the PAA during parotidectomy. Additionally, the FN function was evaluated during follow‐up.ResultsPAA could be exposed in 28 out of 31 (90.3%) patients during parotidectomy. Moreover, the FN trunk could be identified by the guide of the PAA in all these 28 patients with identifiable PAA. Furthermore, no iatrogenic FN damage happened in this study and the transient FN dysfunction rate was 5.7%.ConclusionThe PAA is an ideal landmark for early identification of the FN trunk when performing parotidectomy.
Safety and feasibility of selective tongue fat reduction with injected ice‐slurry
Authors: Orestes Michael Ian , Tuchayi Sara Moradi , Wang Ying , Farinelli William , Arkun Knarik , Anderson R. Rox , Thomas Richard , Garibyan Lilit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is growing evidence that excess adipose tissue within the head and neck contributes to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly in obese patients. This subset of the population is often difficult to treat with surgical therapies. We theorized that a novel, transcervical method of injectable cryoablation using ice‐slurry can achieve low temperatures without causing neurovascular damage or airway distress in a swine model.MethodsFour Yorkshire pigs were injected with ice‐slurry comprised of normal saline and 10% glycerol cooled to −6°C via a transcervical, ultrasound guided approach. Direct laryngoscopy was used to confirm accurate placement of the slurry. Thermocouple placement at the needle‐tip was used to measure temperatures at injection site. Swine were monitored for clinical signs of tongue necrosis and airway edema for 2 months, and then euthanized. Twelve biopsy samples from the base of the tongue were collected for histology. These were assessed for presence of tissue damage, inflammation and collagen formation by a blinded board‐certified pathologist.ResultsTongue tissue temperature below 10°C was achieved for 13.5 ± 1.1 min. Minimum tissue temperature was −4 ± 0.6°C. There was no clinical or pathological evidence of tongue damage to include damage to the lingual nerve or artery. There was some histologic evidence of new collagen formation in areas of the tongue.ConclusionsTranscervical ultrasound‐guided ice‐slurry injection is feasible, well‐tolerated at temperatures previously shown to be capable of selectively targeting adipose tissue in the base of the tongue in a preclinical swine model, without causing neurovascular damage or airway distress when properly injected.
Massive circumpolar biomass of Southern Ocean zooplankton: Implications for food web structure, carbon export, and marine spatial planning
Authors: Yang Guang , Atkinson Angus , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Hill Simeon L. , Racault Marie‐Fanny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith rapid, sector‐specific climatic changes impacting the Southern Ocean, we need circumpolar‐scale biomass data of its plankton taxa to improve food web models, blue carbon budgets and resource management. Here, we provide a new dataset on mesozooplankton biomass with 2909 records spanning the last 90 yr, and describe, in comparable carbon units, their circumpolar distribution alongside those of phytoplankton, Antarctic krill, and salps. With our datasets, we estimate total summer carbon biomasses for phytoplankton (36 MT), mesozooplankton (67 MT), krill (30 MT), and salps (1.7 MT). The mesozooplankton value is much higher than previously reported and, added to that of krill and salps, points to an enormous overall biomass of zooplankton in the Southern Ocean. This means that the pyramids of biomass are often inverted, with higher biomass of zooplankton than of phytoplankton. Such high biomasses suggest key roles of grazers in nutrient cycling and we estimate an export of ~ 50 Mt C yr−1, solely from mortality of overwintering zooplankton that typically reside at depth. Deep lipid respiration (the lipid pump), for example, would increase this export even further. While inverted biomass pyramids prevailed at mid latitudes (50°–70°S), the balance of taxa differed regionally: for example, with biomass dominance by phytoplankton (highest latitudes and Pacific sector), mesozooplankton (Kerguelen Plateau), krill (north and east Scotia Sea), and salps (Crozet area). In light of contrasting climate change impacts between these sectors, we provide data that will underpin biogeochemical and food web models, blue carbon budgets, and the planning of marine protected areas.
Charge Transfer Dynamics at the Interface of CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystal‐Acceptor Complexes: A Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Zeng Peng , Chen Shuhan , Smith Trevor A. , Liu Mingzhen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCsPbX3 (X = I–, Br–, Cl–) perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are being explored extensively due to their impressive optoelectronic and photonic properties. Efficient harvest of photogenerated charge carriers from the particle is essential for photon‐to‐current conversion and enhancement of the performance of PeNC‐based photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Since photoinduced charge transfer (CT) from the particle usually occurs on sub‐picosecond to nanosecond timescales, time‐resolved transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate this transient dynamic photoinduced process. Herein reported investigations are reviewed, primarily employing femtosecond TA spectroscopy, of the CT process in CsPbX3 PeNCs. Based on the interpretation of TA spectral features and the basic model of CT dynamics, the concerns of CT rates or efficiency characterization in TA measurements, including multiple CT pathway effects, surface ligand effects, and hot charge carrier extraction are addressed. An elucidation of plasmon‐induced hot electron transfer is also provided in CsPbX3 PeNC‐noble metal heterostructures for their promising potential to contribute the development of CsPbX3 PeNC‐based hot carrier devices. It is hoped that this review can provide deeper insights into the photovoltaic conversion in order to make the most of the CT process in CsPbX3 PeNCs.
Facile Patterning of Organic Single‐Crystalline Microwire Array for Mode‐Tunable Microlasers and Photodetectors
Authors: Qian Meng‐dan , Zhang Hui , Tang Bao‐lei , Zhang Qiaoyan , Li Li‐xia , Yu Kun , Yan Yong , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Yu‐fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe modulation of organic single‐crystalline micropatterns with ordered alignment and effective output is of great significance to integrated photonic devices as well as optoelectronics. However, it remains an intractable challenge to precisely regulate the crystalline morphology toward specific micropatterns with tunable size, controlled position, and uniform orientation. Here, a combination method with template‐confined self‐assembly and femtosecond laser processing is proposed for the fabrication of large‐scale 1D single‐crystal microwire arrays as high‐quality microlasers and photodetectors. Specifically, the precursor solution of organic semiconductors confined in predefined polydimethylsiloxane template tends to uniaxially crystallize under the guidance of prepatterned linear microchannels, producing highly crystalline and aligned 1D microwire array. Photodetectors based on the 1D microwire array show sensitive and fast responsivity toward 450 nm illumination. Furthermore, the continuous microwire array can be engineered to a series of crystal subunits with tunable lengths through femtosecond laser processing technique. Each microwire subunit can act as a Fabry–Pérot (FP) microcavity resonator for the generation of stable and high‐quality organic laser. This work provides new ideas to obtain highly aligned and size‐controlled microwire arrays based on organic single‐crystalline semiconductors, which contributes to the potential applications in integrated organic lasers and optoelectronics.
Comparison of the safety and efficacy of low fluence Q‐switched 1064‐nm and conventional Q‐Switched 755‐nm lasers in the treatment of café‐au‐lait macules: A prospective self‐controlled trial
Authors: Cen Qingqing , Zhu Jiafang , Zhou Lucia , Yu Wenxin , Wu Xianglei , Liu Ying , Ma Gang , Luo Lan , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundConventional high fluence Q‐switched (HFQS) Alexandrite 755‐nm are widely used in clinical café‐au‐lait macules (CALMs) treatment. There have been recent concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of low fluence Q‐switched (LFQS) Nd: YAG 1064‐nm lasers.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the conventional HFQS and LFQS laser in the treatment of CALMs.MethodsWithin 3 months, 20 patients underwent prospective self‐controlled split‐lesion treatments with HFQS once or twice depending on the recovery rate, and with LFQS six times biweekly. Then the more effective laser was selected for continued treatments. Efficacy outcomes were evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS) biweekly during the comparative trail. Recovery process, side effects and recurrence were recorded during the trial and follow‐up visit. Patient and physician preferences for laser selection were also recorded.ResultsThe average VAS scores of areas treated with HFQS and LFQS were 2.92 ± 0.86 and 2.93 ± 1.13, respectively (p > 0.05). The most significant efficacy change of LFQS was after the fourth laser treatment (VAS score: 1.82−2.37, p < 0.001). 11 lesions treated with LFQS and 7 with HFQS achieved an optimal treatment response (3.67 ≤ VAS ≤ 4). Three patients relapsed on one side (one on LFQS, two on HFQS) and five on both sides. Adverse effects included temporary hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, uneven pigmentation, and mottled hypopigmentation. Doctors thought 80% of patients were suitable for LFQS. 70% of patients preferred LFQS posttreatment.ConclusionsThe efficacy difference between the LFQS 1064‐nm laser and HFQS 755‐nm laser in treating CALMs in a 3‐month comparative trial was statistically insignificant. LFQS is preferred by doctors and patients and is likely to help more patients achieve treatment efficacy than the HFQS within a short time, with fewer temporary adverse reactions, and a more even pigmentation. But it can cause mottled hypopigmentation. The LFQS had obvious lesion clearance after the fourth treatment.
Identification of the anatomy of the deep temporal vein using computed tomography imaging: A retrospective cross‐sectional review of patient imaging
Authors: McKinnon Victoria E. , Riaz Shaista , Stubbs Euan , McRae Mark H. , McRae Matthew C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThe deep temporal vein (DTV) can be used in free flap procedures when the superficial temporal vein is inadequate. Despite its potential utility, its branching patterns have only been examined in one small anatomic study. The purpose of this study was to examine computed tomography angiography (CTA) images to determine DTV location, variation, and suitability as a microvascular recipient, to provide surgeons with a guide for its use in head and neck defects.MethodsA retrospective chart review identified 152 patient CTA images (76 female; 76 male) in a single academic center imaging database, selected consecutively from January 2017 to April 2020. Patients under 19 years were excluded; ages ranged from 19 to 80 years (average 51.6 years). Reason for imaging, DTV caliber, laterality, distance to zygomatic arch (ZA [coronal and sagittal]), distance to lateral orbital rim (LOR), and branching pattern were recorded.ResultsThe predominant reason for imaging was to rule out cerebrovascular accident (96.2%). Average caliber was 3.46 ± 1.29 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] [3.32, 3.61]; range, 1.00–10.8). Bilateral DTVs were observed in 98.7% of patients. Average distance to landmarks were as follows: ZA (coronal), 13.8 ± 5.85 mm (95% CI [13.2, 14.5]; range, 2.7–33.8); ZA (sagittal), 15.1 ± 6.12 mm (95% CI [14.1, 16.1]; range, 2.8–47.2); LOR, 47.1 ± 9.09 mm (95% CI [46.0, 48.1]; range, 10.8–62.9). Seven branching patterns were identified, including a posterior vertical variant that bypasses the superficial temporal fat pad.ConclusionsThe DTV is a “lifeboat” option for head and neck reconstruction. Its average caliber is sufficient for use in microsurgery. Knowledge of both its typical and aberrant courses allow for efficient preoperative planning and surgical dissection. CTA is a useful adjunct when planning to use the DTV for free tissue transfer.
Computer‐aided Evaluation of Polyvalent Medications’ Pharmacological Potential. Multiphytoadaptogen as a Case Study
Authors: Bocharova O. A. , Ionov N. S. , Kazeev I. V. , Shevchenko V. E. , Bocharov E. V. , Karpova R. V. , Sheychenko O. P. , Aksyonov A. A. , Chulkova S. V. , Kucheryanu V. G. , Revishchin A. V. , Pavlova G. V. , Kosorukov V. S. , Filimonov D. A. , Lagunin A. A. , Matveev V. B. , Pyatigorskaya N. V. , Stilidi I. S. , Poroikov V. V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany human diseases including cancer, degenerative and autoimmune disorders, diabetes and others are multifactorial. Pharmaceutical agents acting on a single target do not provide their efficient curation. Multitargeted drugs exhibiting pleiotropic pharmacological effects have certain advantages due to the normalization of the complex pathological processes of different etiology. Extracts of medicinal plants (EMP) containing multiple phytocomponents are widely used in traditional medicines for multifactorial disorders’ treatment. Experimental studies of pharmacological potential for multicomponent compositions are quite expensive and time‐consuming. In silico evaluation of EMP the pharmacological potential may provide the basis for selecting the most promising directions of testing and for identifying potential additive/synergistic effects. Multiphytoadaptogen (MPhA) containing 70 major phytocomponents of different chemical classes from 40 medicinal plant extracts has been studied in vitro, in vivo and in clinical researches. Antiproliferative and anti‐tumor activities have been shown against some tumors as well as evidence‐based therapeutic effects against age‐related pathologies. In addition, the neuroprotective, antioxidant, antimutagenic, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory effects of MPhA were confirmed. Analysis of the PASS profiles of the biological activity of MPhA phytocomponents showed that most of the predicted anti‐tumor and anti‐metastatic effects were consistent with the results of laboratory and clinical studies. Antimutagenic, immunomodulatory, radioprotective, neuroprotective and anti‐Parkinsonian effects were also predicted for most of the phytocomponents. Effects associated with positive effects on the male and female reproductive systems have been identified too.Thus, PASS and PharmaExpert can be used to evaluate the pharmacological potential of complex pharmaceutical compositions containing natural products
Health, diet, and mortuary practices in the countryside of Byzantine and post‐Byzantine Boeotia: The case of Hagios Sozon in Orchomenos
Authors: Tritsaroli Paraskevi , Mion Leïa , Herrscher Estelle , André Guy , Vaxevanis Giannis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper explores issues of health, diet, and mortuary practices in the countryside of Boeotia, Central Greece, during the Byzantine and post‐Byzantine periods (12th‐19th centuries AD). Boeotia was one of the Byzantine Empire's most important economic and artistic centers with a flourishing life in the cities and the countryside alike and a varied (socially and culturally) population. The human remains unearthed in connection to the church of Hagios Sozon in Orchomenos were analyzed to investigate the everyday challenges and social makeup of the inhabitants in the countryside. The examination of paleopathological lesions and stable isotopes (carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur) in combination showed moderate living conditions, a homogenous terrestrial diet, and signs of mobility, while the consumption of freshwater food sources was not detected, despite the vicinity to Lake Copais. Finally, social differentiation was suggested through the construction of a family burial structure and the mortuary treatment for preterms, perinates, and infants.
Polydopamine coating on additive manufacturing‐based poly lactic acid structures with controllable parameters for enhanced mechanical properties: An experimental investigation
Authors: Sharma Shrutika , Mudgal Deepa , Gupta Vishal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDopamine mainly consists of catechol and amine groups in high concentrations that are mainly responsible for interfacial adhesion of dopamine with the substrate and possesses the ability of oxidation through self‐polymerization that results in the formation of polydopamine. The weak mechanical properties of poly lactic acid (PLA) limit its applications in a variety of applications. Polydopamine is widely known for its deposition on a variety of organic and inorganic surfaces. The present study is aimed at studying the effect of the polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of PLA structures fabricated at varying infill density and coated at different concentrations of coating solution immersed for 4 and 7 h. The deposition of polydopamine coating on various PLA structures was confirmed with the help of scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Significant improvement in tensile and compression strengths was found, which was in agreement with the change in weight percentage analysis. The application of polydopamine coating led to improvement in hydrophilicity and degree of crystallinity with the increase in surface roughness of the polymer. The findings from this study will help in utilization of polydopamine‐coated PLA as an alternative over PLA with weak mechanical properties for biomedical applications involving high‐strength biomedical implants and bone tissue engineering.
Low density polyethylene composites based on flax fibers modified by a combination of coupling agent
Authors: Chimeni‐Yomeni Désiré , Fazli Ali , Dubois Charles , Rodrigue Denis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis investigation proposes a natural fiber surface modification approach based on the use of a system of coupling agents (CAs) to improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites made of flax fibers and low‐density polyethylene. This system combines the coating of the NaOH treated (mercerized) flax fibers by a CA (Epolene C18 [M‐C18]) in a solution under moderated heat (70°C–80°C), followed by the addition of 1% or 3% wt. of another CA (Epolene E43 [M‐E43]) during the injection molding. The comparison between the solution modified and the neat and mercerized flax fibers using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and density underscored some differences ascribed to the presence of M‐C18 onto the modified fibers. The mechanical properties showed that the combination of solution modification and direct introduction during the injection‐molding step of 1% of M‐E43 was efficient as the corresponding composites exhibited an improvement of 9.1%, 15.9%, and 11.1% of his tensile, flexural, and impact strengths respectively compared to the neat fiber composite. Due to their good impact and flexural strengths, these composites can be suitable for automotive parts such as keyboard.
Registration of six synthetic hexaploid wheat germplasm as sources of resistance to tan spot, stem rust, and stripe rust and adult plant resistance to leaf rust
Authors: Kalia Bhanu , Gill Bikram S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAegilops tauschii is the donor of D‐genome of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as well as several agronomically desirable genes important for wheat improvement. The genetic transfers from Ae. tauschii to bread wheat are achieved either through direct crosses or indirectly through production of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW). Synthetic hexaploid wheat is produced by crossing tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) with Ae. tauschii, followed by chromosome doubling of the F1 hybrid by colchicine. Six Ae. tauschii accessions based on their seedling resistance to tan spot, stem rust, stripe rust and adult plant resistance to leaf rust and two tetraploid wheat genotypes (tetraPrelude and tetraThatcher) were used for the production of SHWs. The present report describes the production and evaluation of six new SHWs, TA4161‐L1 (Reg. no. GP‐1071, PI 700779), TA4161‐L2 (Reg. no. GP‐1072, PI 700780), TA4161‐L3 (Reg. no. GP‐1073, PI 700781), TA4161‐L4 (Reg. no. GP‐1074, PI 700782), TA4161‐L5 (Reg. no. GP‐1075, PI 700783), and TA4161‐L6 (Reg. no. GP‐1076, PI 700784), for seedling resistance to tan spot, stem rest, stripe rust, and adult plant resistance to leaf rust. The SHWs reported here with higher levels of resistance to race 1 of Pyrenospora tritici‐repentis would be an excellent addition to the current collection of tan spot–resistant germplasm. The resistance to the three rusts was not expressed in the SHWs due to the presence of rust‐suppressor factors in tetraploid parents. However, the SHWs will be good source material for new resistance genes to the three rusts in derivative lines upon breeding with nonsuppressive wheat genotypes as well as for the mapping of rust‐suppressive factors.