bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The specific heat capacity of astro-material I: Review of theoretical concepts, materials and techniques
Authors: Biele Jens , Grott Matthias , Zolensky Michael E. , Benisek Artur , Dachs Edgar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We provide detailed background, theoretical and practical, on the specific heat of minerals and mixtures thereof, ‘astro-materials’, as well as background information on common minerals and other relevant solid substances found on the surfaces of solar system bodies. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to use specific heat and composition data for lunar samples and meteorites as well as a new database of endmember mineral heat capacities (the result of an extensive literature review) to construct reference models for the isobaric specific heat cp as a function of temperature for common solar system materials. Using a (generally linear) mixing model for the specific heat of minerals allows extrapolation of the available data to very low and very high temperatures, such that models cover the temperature range between 10 and 1000 K at least (and pressures from zero up to several kbars). We show how to calculate model specific heat as a function of temperature for a number of typical meteorite classes with known mineralogical compositions, for well-described laboratory regolith analogues, as well as for planetary ices and ‘tholins’ in the outer solar system. We describe a procedure to estimate cp(T) for virtually any solid solar system material with a known mineral composition. Part II will present and review of the heat capacity database for minerals and compounds and part III is going to cover applications and standard reference compositions and cp(T) curves and a comparison with new and literature experimental data.
Parallel generation and coding of a terahertz pulse train
Authors: Nkeck Joel Edouard , Béliveau Louis-Philip , Ropagnol Xavier , Deslandes Dominic , Morris Denis , Blanchard Francois 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Packet-modulated communication may play a pivotal role in the future of short-range communications at terahertz (THz) frequencies. As with ultra-wideband communication, the advantageous of this type of communication are its extremely short duration, immunity to multipath fading, wide bandwidth and low power spectral density. However, due to the lack of a fast modulation method, packet-modulated pulse communication at THz frequencies has not yet been demonstrated. Here we present a method for the generation and modulation of a coded THz pulse train. Our scheme is based on the combination of a spintronic THz emitter (STE) with an echelon mirror and a digital micromirror device. This highly scalable configuration is capable of modulating hundred or more THz pulses in parallel with sub-picosecond accuracy and is versatile for various modulation protocols. Strikingly, the temporal resolution of our modulation scheme depends on geometric optics and not on a high-speed electronic device. Furthermore, the ability of STEs to generate quasi-continuous THz pulses offers an alternative solution to the photomixer, a key THz communication technology, and thus could lead to a promising new THz communication modality.
Causes of futile life-sustaining interventions from the perspective of physicians and nurses in university hospitals in Tehran
Authors: Akbari Mojtaba , Moosavi Soolmaz , Syed Zain Abbas , Aghabarary Maryam , Nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Shamsi-Gooshki Ehsan , Parsapoor Alireza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Providing futile interventions can lead to moral distress for healthcare providers and impose high costs on healthcare systems. Despite this, evidence demonstrates that such interventions still continue in many parts of the world, particularly in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Therefore, this current study was conducted to investigate reasons for providing futile interventions from the perspective of physicians and nurses working at hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)
Method
In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study, 249 participants including 128 physicians and 121 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to TUMS were recruited through convenience sampling. Data was collected using a 25-item questionnaire assessing causes of providing futile medical and life-sustaining interventions, grouped into 3 domains of “demands of patients/relatives”, “personal reasons of the healthcare team” and “organisation/infrastructural” limitations. Data was analysed using SPSS 16 and the extent to which participants agreed with each of the causes of futile interventions was expressed as a percentage. Comparisons between the views of physicians and nurses on individual questionnaire items was performed using the Chi-squared test. A linear regression analysis was used to compare the views of physicians and nurses in each of the 3 domains of the questionnaire, and for intra-group comparisons.
Results
For both physicians and nurses, the most common reasons for futile interventions related to patients and their relatives including demands/insistence on the continuation of treatment and false hope for the patient’s recovery. Compared to physicians, nurses gave greater importance to the domains of patient/relatives’ demands as well as personal reasons of the healthcare team. Physicians expressed strongest agreement with the domain of organisation/infrastructural limitations, including lack of guidelines and palliative care centres.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that despite awareness of the healthcare team members regarding the futility of some interventions, they are still performed due to the reasons highlighted. Therefore, it clinical guidelines should be developed for appropriate end-of-life care, including restricting the use of futile interventions, increase public and professional awareness and knowledge around futile end-of-life interventions and strengthen palliative care services, thereby leading to greater efficiency and justice in the healthcare system.
Utilization of labor pain management methods and associated factors among obstetric care givers at public health institutions of East Gojjam Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2020: a facility based cross – sectional study
Authors: shiferaw aster , Temesgen Belsty , Mekonnen Nakachewu , Wubie Tejitu , Worku Yichalem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Labor Pain is “unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, affects parturient and fetuses’. Developed countries regularly use obstetric analgesia but in developing countries, including Ethiopia pain is neglected and most women go through painful labor. The study was conducted in public health institutions of East Gojjam Zone; Amhara region, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess utilization of labor pain management methods and associated factors among obstetric care givers in the study setting.
Method
Facility-based cross sectional study design was carried out in public health institutions of East Gojjam Zone from April 15 to May 15, 2020. Semi Structured questionnaires were used and 305 obstetric care givers were participated. Stratified sampling technique was used. Data was entered by Epi- data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis was done and Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression with 95% CI was used to saw the association of dependent and independent variables at p < 0.05.
Result
Utilization of labor pain management methods in this study was 48.9%. In Multivariate logistic regression; Professional knowledge [AOR = 2.006, 95% CI = ((1.032–3.898)], availability of drug and equipment [AOR = 2.937, 95% CI= (1.311–6.578)] and allow companionship [AOR = 2.587, 95% CI= (1.322–5.063)] were significantly associated with utilization of labor pain management methods.
Conclusion and recommendation
: This study showed low utilization of labor pain management methods. Adequate knowledge, allow accompany and availability of drug & equipment were factors associated with use of labor pain relief options .so it is important to build knowledge of obstetric care givers, availing drugs and materials and make safe the environment for accompany ship to improving use of labor pain management.
Ecotourism through the perception of forest villagers: Understanding via mediator effects using structural equation modeling
Authors: Gültekin Yaşar Selman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ecotourism activities play an important role in providing economic gain to villagers living in forest ecosystems. Successful sustainable forest management is made possible through the environmental responsibility of the stakeholders and the support of the local inhabitants of the region. Contemporary studies conducted in ecotourism have focused on meeting regional expectations by assessing the satisfaction levels and attitudes of tourists and evaluating hotel management services, but have excluded the perspective of the rural people in the region. Using causal models and mediation effects, this study attempted to explore the attitudes of forest villagers, as the most important interest group, toward ecotourism activities in Turkey. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap methods were applied to identify key concepts related to ecotourism including the mediation effects between income opportunities and ecotourism satisfaction as perceived by the forest villagers regarding perceived negative effects and insufficient services. According to the results of the research, it was determined that, despite the perceived negative effects of ecotourism activities by the forest villagers, income opportunities made a strong positive contribution to their perceived ecotourism satisfaction. Study results offer significant implications for policymakers and ecotourism planners for decreasing pressure on forest ecosystems through participatory forest management approaches to sustainable development in rural areas associated with forest ecosystems.
Loss of SENP3 Mediated the Formation of Nasal Polyps in Nasal Mucosal Inflammation by Increasing Macrophage Alternative Activation
Authors: Bao Ximing , Liu Bin , Jiang Yongquan , Feng Tingting , Cao Wanxin , Shi Jiali , Jiang Yiming , Chen Xiaorui , Yang Jie , Li Jiping , Zhou Zheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and aim: Small ubiquitin–like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease (SENP)3 is a protease molecule that responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS) with high sensitivity. However, the role of ROS and SENP3 in the formation of nasal polyps (NPs) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore how SENP3 influenced the outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by altering macrophage function, that is, the formation of NPs. Methods: The alternative activation of macrophage (M2) was detected with CD68+CD206+ in humans and CD206+ in mice. The nasal mucosa of patients with CRS was tested using flow cytometry (CD68, CD80, and CD206) and triple-color immunofluorescence staining (CD68, CD206, and SENP3). The bone marrow–derived macrophages from SENP3 knockout and control mice were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 to analyze alternative macrophage polarization in vitro. An animal model of eosinophil infiltration rhinitis was constructed using SENP3 knockout mice. CD206 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The thickening of eosinophil-infiltrated mucosa was detected by Luna staining. Results: The number of CD68+ CD206+ M2 increased in the nasal mucosa of patients with CRS with NP (CRSwNP) compared with patients with CRS without NP (CRSsNP), but with no significant difference between the groups. SENP3 knockout increased the polarization of F4/80+CD206+M2. Meanwhile, the number of CD206+M2 significantly increased in the osinophil infiltration rhinitis model constructed using SENP3 knockout mice and controls, with a more obvious proliferation of the nasal mucosa. Conclusion: The downregulation of the expression of macrophage SENP3 in the nasal mucosa in osinophil infiltration rhinitis promoted the formation of NPs. Trial registration: This study was retrospective and did not involve any health interventions for human participants.
Design of a compliant device for peg-hole separation in robotic disassembly
Authors: Su Shizhong , Pham Duc Truong , Ji Chunqian , Wang Yongjing , Huang Jun , Zhou Wei , Wang Haolin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Disassembly is the first step in the remanufacturing of a product. This paper presents the design of a robot end-of-arm tool for removing a peg from a hole, a common operation in the disassembly of mechanical products. The device is a compliant structure that enables the peg to be pulled out of a closely fitting hole without jamming or wedging. The device is reminiscent of the Remote Centre Compliance (RCC) mechanism used by assembly robots to insert cylindrical pegs into cylindrical holes with small clearances. However, whereas the RCC mechanism has primarily to withstand compressive forces, the proposed compliant device must resist tensile forces because of the nature of disassembly operations. The paper details a finite-element modelling study of peg removal with and without using the compliant structure. The results obtained show that the structure markedly reduces the stresses at the points of contact between the peg and the hole and, consequently, the risk of damage to the components being disassembled.
Association between environmental pyrethroid exposure and asthma among U.S. children and adults in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014)
Authors: Guo Xianwei , Li Ning , Wang Hao , Su Wanying , Song Qiuxia , Liang Qiwei , Lowe Scott , Bentley Rachel , Liang Mingming , Ding Xiuxiu , Sun Chenyu , Sun Yehuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The evidence interpreting the association between environmental pyrethroid exposure and asthma is limited. The objective of this study was to examine the association between pyrethroid exposure and asthma among U.S. children and adults. Methods: Participants were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2007-2014), including children and adults. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) was used as a biomarker for pyrethroid metabolites. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the association of urinary 3-PBA with asthma among children and adults and to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, a restricted cubic spline plot with three knots was applied to assess the potential nonlinear relationship between pyrethroid exposure and asthma.Results: Collectively, 7,776 participants were enrolled, including 2,236 children and 5,540 adults. The weighted prevalence of asthma in children and adults was 12.23% and 8.66% respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), serum cotinine, urinary creatinine and family history of asthma, our results indicated that higher levels of 3-PBA was positively related to the risk of asthma among children (OR: 1.395; 95%CI: 0.880, 2.210) and adults (OR: 1.177; 95%CI: 0.778, 1.781). This positive association seemed to be more pronounced among 12-19-years old children and girls. Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline plot showed a linear relationship between levels of 3-PBA and asthma among children and adults (p for nonlinearity was 0.693 and 0.691 respectively).Conclusions: Our study observed a positive association between 3-PBA and asthma among children and adults while this positive association was more pronounced among children. However, we can not role out the possibility that the possible role of other co-occurring pesticides and other chemicals in the observed trends in asthma incidence. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate the possible pathogenic role of pyrethroid insecticides in asthma.
Removal of triclosan from water by adsorption on activated carbons and photodegradation
Authors: Medellin-Castillo Nahum Andrés , González-Fernández Lázaro Adrián , Ocampo-Pérez Raúl , Leyva-Ramos Roberto , Luiz-Dotto Guilherme , Ramírez Rogelio Flores , Navarro-Frómeta Amado Enrique , Aguilera-Flores Miguel Mauricio , Carrasco-Marín Francisco , Hernández-Mendoza Héctor , Aguirre-Contreras Samuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work studied the application of adsorption with activated carbons (ACs) and photodegradation to reduce the concentration of triclosan (TCS) in aqueous solutions. Concerning the adsorption, the ACs (Darco, Norit, and F400) were characterized in detail, and batch experiments were applied to elucidate the effect of pH on the equilibrium. The results showed that at pH = 7, the maximum adsorption capacity of TCS onto the ACs was obtained, which was 18.5 mg g− 1 for Darco, 16.0 for Norit, and 15.5 for F400. The Diffusional kinetic model allowed an adequate interpretation of the experimental data. The effective diffusivity varied and increased along with the amount of TCS adsorbed, from 1.06 to 1.68×10− 8 cm2 s− 1. In the case of photodegradation, the removal percentage of TCS and sulfate radicals were verified. It was possible to ensure that the triclosan molecule was sensitive to UV light of 254 nm since the removal was over 80% using UV light. The removal of TCS was increased in the presence of sulfate radicals. It was possible to identify 2,4-dichlorophenol as one of the photolytic degradation products of triclosan, and it does not represent an environmental hazard at low concentrations of triclosan in water. These results confirm that the wastewater treatment methods proposed are effective for removing TCS from water, reaching levels of concentration that do not constitute a risk to human health or environmental hazard. Both methods effectively eliminate the pollutant with relatively easy techniques to implement.
WITHDRAWN: A Quality Improvement Study Evaluating Implementation of Collaborative Care Code Billing
Authors: Chang Denise , Morrison Debra , Bowen Deborah , Harris Heather , Dusic EJ , Velasquez Mariebeth B , Ratzliff Anna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The Collaborative Care Model (CoCM) has a robust evidence base and is widely accepted as an effective strategy to treat common mental health disorders in primary care. With the growing adoption of the newer CoCM billing codes in healthcare systems, there has yet to be an in-depth analysis of the impact of the implementation of these codes. Aim: To examine the feasibility of implementing Collaborative Care billing codes and the impact on clinical and process-of-care outcomes as well as revenue. Setting: This study was done in a large, urban academic health system, in primary care clinics with established Collaborative Care programs. Comparisons were made between clinics that billed psychotherapy codes (N=4) and clinics that billed CoCM billing codes (N=4). Program Description: This quality improvement study was designed to evaluate the implementation of the new CoCM billing codes by comparing clinics using different billing strategies. Program Evaluation: We employed a retrospective observational study design, examining data before and after the CoCM billing implementation. Primary outcomes for this study were the amount of services delivered and the estimated revenue generated. Additionally, we examined the amount and type of activities billed under CoCM. Qualitative data was obtained through clinician interviews to understand their perspective of this type of large-scale billing implementation.Discussion: The results of this study demonstrate that implementation of the CoCM billing codes is operationally feasible, and there was no significant difference in the amount of services or revenue generated. These preliminary findings indicate that adopting new billing codes did not have an adverse impact on the delivery of patient care or revenue, though further evaluations are needed to understand the longer-term impact of CoCM billing on clinic operations and reimbursement.
Ionospheric signatures of repeated passages of atmospheric waves by the 2022 Jan. 15 Hunga Tonga eruption detected by QZSS-TEC observations in Japan
Authors: Heki Kosuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large eruption occurred on January 15, 2022, at the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, southern Pacific, and the atmospheric Lamb wave was observed to have traveled round the Earth multiple times with a speed of ~ 0.3 km/s. Here, I compare their ionospheric and atmospheric signatures using data from dense arrays of barometers and GNSS stations in Japan. I confirmed that the ionospheric disturbances passed over Japan at least four times, first from SE to NW, then from NW to SE, again from SE to NW, and finally from NW to SE. The propagation velocity of the ionospheric disturbances was as fast as the atmospheric Lamb wave, suggesting their origin as upward energy leakage from the troposphere. The first passage of the ionospheric disturbance started prior to the arrival of the Lamb pulse. I propose a simple model of upward acoustic wave propagation which qualitatively explains this apparently enigmatic phenomenon. Unlike the barometric records, waveforms and amplitudes of ionospheric disturbances exhibit large diversity along the wavefront, suggesting their turbulent nature.
The Contribution of Social Norms and Behavioural Practices towards Low Death Registration in 3 HDSS Sites of Uganda
Authors: Habaasa Gilbert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Uganda has low levels of death registration, estimated at two per cent by the National Identification and Registration Authority (NIRA). There are 56 tribes and over 5 religious denominations with so many social norms and behavioural practices that could have contributed towards low death registration in Uganda. Previous studies on the factors affecting death registration have not assessed the contribution of social norms and behavioural practices towards low death registration in developing countries. Methods: The current research has been conducted in 3 Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites of Uganda to fill this knowledge gap. The study adopted a qualitative approach by conducting 26 interviews, 6 focus group discussions, and a document review. The study targeted men, women, district local government leaders, hospital administrators, religious leaders, cultural leaders, village health teams, HDSS village scouts, and opinion leaders. Results: There is very low death registration rates in the Iganga-Mayuge, Kyamulibwa, and Rakai HDSS sites and also expounded on how social norms and behavioural practices either hinder or discourage death registration initiatives by the government of Uganda. Some of these norms include informal will-making and inheritance sharing and taboos to announce the death of twins, infants, neonates, and even suicides. Religious institutions have their own set of rules, practices, and norms, which in most cases discourage death registration—for example, praying for the dead only when they or their relatives have been actively engaged in religious activities. Conclusion: The study confirms that social norms and behavioural practices contribute to low death registration in the 3 HDSS sites of Uganda. The civil registration authorities in Uganda, therefore, need to recognize the heterogeneity of cultural norms, religious beliefs and practices around death and how these influence the propensity for different deaths to be registered.