bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcomes and Exploratory Analyses of the Randomized Phase III BILCAP Study
Authors: Bridgewater John , Fletcher Peter , Palmer Daniel H. , Malik Hassan Z. , Prasad Raj , Mirza Darius , Anthony Alan , Corrie Pippa , Falk Stephen , Finch-Jones Meg , Wasan Harpreet , Ross Paul , Wall Lucy , Wadsley Jonathan , Evans Thomas R. , Stocken Deborah , Stubbs Clive , Praseedom Raaj , Ma Yuk Ting , Davidson Brian , Neoptolemos John , Iveson Tim , Cunningham David , Garden O. James , Valle Juan W. , Primrose John ,   on behalf of the BILCAP study group
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE The BILCAP study described a modest benefit for capecitabine as adjuvant therapy for curatively resected biliary tract cancer (BTC), and capecitabine has become the standard of care. We present the long-term data and novel exploratory subgroup analyses. METHODS This randomized, controlled, multicenter, phase III study recruited patients age 18 years or older with histologically confirmed cholangiocarcinoma or muscle-invasive gallbladder cancer after resection with curative intent and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of < 2. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive oral capecitabine (1,250 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle, for eight cycles) or observation. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). This study is registered with EudraCT 2005-003318-13. RESULTS Between March 15, 2006, and December 4, 2014, 447 patients were enrolled; 223 patients with BTC resected with curative intent were randomly assigned to the capecitabine group and 224 to the observation group. At the data cutoff of January 21, 2021, the median follow-up for all patients was 106 months (95% CI, 98 to 108). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the median OS was 49.6 months (95% CI, 35.1 to 59.1) in the capecitabine group compared with 36.1 months (95% CI, 29.7 to 44.2) in the observation group (adjusted hazard ratio 0.84; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.06). In a protocol-specified sensitivity analysis, adjusting for minimization factors, nodal status, grade, and sex, the OS hazard ratio was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.94). We further describe the prognostic impact of R status, grade, nodal status, and sex. CONCLUSION This long-term analysis supports the previous analysis, suggesting that capecitabine can improve OS in patients with resected BTC when used as adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery and should be considered as the standard of care.
Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Studies Confirms the Efficacy and Safety of Esberitox in the Treatment of the Common Cold
Authors: Naser Belal , Schnitker Jörg , Hentschel Christian , Kuchernig Jennifer-Christin , Holtdirk Annette , Schöneberg Gerd , Nicken Petra , Nolte Klaus-Ulrich , Henneicke-von Zepelin Hans-Heinrich 
Published: March 2022

Herbal medicines like Esberitox (TOX, wild indigo root stock, echinacea root, thuja tips and leaves) are used to treat common colds. Several randomized, controlled trials (RCT) document the efficacy and safety of TOX in this indication. So far its efficacy and safety has not been evaluated meta-analytically.
We included individual patient data from all 825 patients from 3 RCTs. 693 patients had been treated with TOX, 132 with placebo (PLA) (7-9 days). All symptom scores were adjusted to baseline and meta-analyzed regarding area under the curve (AUC), time to response (≥50% decrease of symptom score), response rate and duration of the cold.
The AUCs of the rhinitis score were 19.05 with TOX superior to 20.57 with PLA (p=0.020), bronchitis score 14.92 versus 16.16 (p=0.039) and well-being 208.4 versus 216.4 (p=0.008). Response rates were higher in TOX than PLA in all scores. The times to response showed an acceleration of the healing process of rhinitis (1.5 days, p=0.049), bronchitis (2 days) and pain (2 days, p=0.008). The duration of the cold was shortened by TOX by up to 2.3 days. The ADR-rate did not differ significantly (2.7% vs. 1.5%, p=0.41). Tolerability was good to very good in 98.4% (TOX) and 99.2% (PLA) (p=0.34). In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirmed the efficacy and tolerability of Esberitox at a higher level of evidence. It accelerates the improvement of cold symptoms by up to 2 days and shortens the duration of colds by up to 2.3 days.
Stress Analysis of the Cylinder Block in an Axial Piston Pump
Authors: Baus Ivan , Rahmfeld Robert , Schumacher Andreas , Pedersen Henrik C. 
Published: March 2022

For axial piston units, product optimisation plays an essential role in the development phase, where an efficient and price-attractive product design and manufacturing process is the key to the success of a product. Moreover, the market needs are on lighter, more compact, efficient, and reliable products designed to the limit. Therefore, reliability is the focus of this work, where the research includes method analysis of the material stress calculation applied to the cylinder block implemented in an axial piston pump. A simplified calculation model is presented and evaluated concerning load while remaining accessible for users without deep technical knowledge or access to expensive Finite Element (FE) simulation tools. The analytical calculation method delivers a stress distribution intended for different purposes like design evaluation or as load spectrum for lifetime calculation. Additionally, the developed calculation method is generalised, enabling the methodology to be used on any standard axial piston pump. The methodology utilises the stress determination model, which includes the load as a sum of forces caused by the external and internal influencing factors. To show the method’s success, a comparison demonstrates strong positive agreement between the calculated and simulated stress results obtained by Finite Element Analysis.
A class of hyperbolic variational–hemivariational inequalities without damping terms
Authors: Zeng Shengda , Migórski Stanisław , Nguyen Van Thien 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, we study a large class of evolutionary variational–hemivariational inequalities of hyperbolic type without damping terms, in which the functional framework is considered in an evolution triple of spaces. The inequalities contain both a convex potential and a locally Lipschitz superpotential. The results on existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solution to the inequality problem are provided through the Rothe method.
Current-Account Imbalances, Real Exchange-Rate Misalignments, and Output Gaps
Authors: Camba-Crespo Alfonso , García-Solanes José , Torrejón-Flores Fernando 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study analyzes the relationships between domestic and foreign output gaps, current-account imbalances, and real effective exchange-rate (REER) misalignments. We first set up a theoretical framework based on the elasticities and absorption approaches of the balance of payments to derive and clarify these relationships. Next, we perform panel VAR estimates in a sample of 18 advanced economies between 1986 and 2017. We find an inverse relationship between domestic output gaps and current accounts with reciprocal influences between the two variables. Moreover, we observe that increases in current accounts generally boost both temporary and structural growth. Additionally, our results indicate that REER misalignment shocks cause reactions of the opposite sign on the current account and on cyclical economic growth. We also find evidence of higher growth resulting in a real exchange-rate appreciation, which supports the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis.
Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-2-arylethylamines as fluorinated analogs of octopamine and noradrenaline
Authors: Tarui Atsushi , Kamata Erika , Ebisu Koji , Kawai Yui , Araki Ryota , Yabe Takeshi , Karuo Yukiko , Sato Kazuyuki , Kawai Kentaro , Omote Masaaki 
Published: March 2022

Abstrtact
A series of 2,2-difluoro-2-arylethylamines was synthesized as fluorinated analogs of octopamine and noradrenaline with the expectation of bioisosteric OH/F exchanges. The syntheses of these compounds were performed by a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 4-(bromodifluoroacetyl)morpholine with aryl boronic acids to produce the intermediate 2,2-difluoro-2-arylacetamides, followed by transformation of difluoroacetamide to difluoroethylamine.
Regularizing ill-posed problem of single-epoch precise GNSS positioning using an iterative procedure
Authors: Fischer Artur , Cellmer Sławomir , Nowel Krzysztof 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper analyses the regularization of an ill-conditioned mathematical model in a single-epoch precise GNSS positioning. The regularization parameter (RP) is selected as a parameter that minimizes the criterion of the Mean Squared Error (MSE) function. The crucial for RP estimation is to ensure stable initial least-squares (LS) estimates to replace the unknown quadratic matrix of actual values with the LS covariance matrix. For this purpose, two different data models are proposed, and two research scenarios are formed. Two regularized LS estimations are tested against the non-regularized LS approach. The first one is the classic regularization of LS estimation. In turn, the second one is its iterative counterpart. For the LS estimator of iterative regularization, regularized bias is significantly lower while the overall accuracy is improved in the sense of MSE. The regularized variance-covariance matrix of better precision can mitigate the impact of regularized bias on integer least-squares (ILS) estimation up to some extent. Therefore, iterative LS regularization is well-designed for single-epoch integer ambiguity resolution (AR). Nevertheless, the performance of the ILS estimator is studied in the context of the probability of correct integer AR in the presence of regularized bias.
Bilateral Wilms’ tumor in a child with Denys-Drash syndrome: novel frameshift variant disrupts the WT1 nuclear location signaling region
Authors: Guaragna Mara Sanches , Ledesma Felipe Lourenço , Manzano Victoria Zavanelli , Maciel-Guerra Andréa Trevas , Guerra-Júnior Gil , Silva Marcelo Milone , Luiz de Brito Pedro , Palandi de Mello Maricilda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Wilm’s Tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric kidney cancer. Whereas most WTs are isolated, approximately 5% are associated with syndromes such as Denys-Drash (DDS), characterized by early onset nephropathy, disorders of sex development and predisposition to WT.

Case presentation
A 46,XY patient presenting with bilateral WT and genital ambiguity without nephropathy was heterozygous for the novel c.851_854dup variant in WT1 gene sequence. This variant affects the protein generating the frameshift p.(Ser285Argfs*14) that disrupts a nuclear localization signal (NLS) region.

Conclusions
This molecular finding is compatible with the severe scenario regarding the Wilm’s tumor presented by the patient even though nephropathy was absent.
The ideological effect of pre COVID-19 metaphors on our perceptions of technology during the pandemic
Authors: Arcimavičienė Liudmila , Mastandrea Adam , Snukiškienė Irena , Marčiulionytė Lina , Burbaitė Rūta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aims to establish ideological effects of the pre-pandemic metaphor use in the mainstream media on users’ perceptions of their relationship with technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve that, 120 media articles from global mainstream media sources during the pre-pandemic period were collected and analysed at three levels: (1) metaphor identification; (2) deconstruction of conceptual source domains; (3) the coding of metaphorical expressions into psychological types of interpersonal relationships that are projected on technologies. The established metaphorical patterns were tested in an online survey with 100 young adults and adults from Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic period of 2019-2020. The research findings resulted in the ideological perceptions of Reversed Agentivity and Mechanised Action characterising our relationship with technology and pointing out to the loss of individual autonomy, a lack of personal growth and more fragmented personal identity during the pandemic.
Compliment Response (CR) patterns among English vs. Persian teachers: Cultural transmission of CR behavior?
Authors: Sadeghi Karim , Mohammadi Zahra Jalilzadeh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to compare differential functioning of Iranian English versus Persian teachers in responding to compliments and to investigate the possibility of sociolinguistic transmission of speech act of responding to compliments from English culture to native Iranian Persian speakers. Following Chen and Yang (2010), we hypothesized that exposure to English would affect the complimenting behavior of Persian speakers, leading to more acceptance of compliments compared to those with little or no exposure to English. Participants of the study were 50 English teachers, regarded as “exposed-to-English” or E group, and 50 Persian teachers, considered as “unexposed-to-English” or U group. The participants’ age ranged from 20 to 35 and they were selected through non-randomized convenience sampling. A Discourse Completion Test (DCT) comprising eight complimenting situations was developed in two versions, i.e. English and Persian, in light of Mane’s (1983) taxonomy. The results revealed a significant difference in performance between groups and that Iranian English teachers’ Compliment Response (CR) behavior changed due to exposure to English and approached English culture. Further findings and implications are discussed in the paper.
Madeiran emigration to South Africa since the 1960s: A sociocultural and linguistic perspective
Authors: Pereira Bruna Micaela Freitas , Nunes Naidea Nunes 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on a study of historical emigration from the 1960s onwards, showing the importance of intercultural interaction. Due to the poverty, hunger and precarious living conditions that existed in Madeira Island, many young people saw emigration to South Africa as a means of escaping a difficult life. Arduous jobs due to their limited qualifications, as well as legal constraints and an inability to understand the language, were just some of the barriers encountered by these emigrants. By interviewing 15 persons from different generations of emigrants (first and second-generation), it was possible to gather information about the reality Madeirans have faced in South Africa. The graphematic transcription of semistructured interviews plays a very important role in the effective recording of these data, guaranteeing their comparability, analysis and discussion. The compilation of the empirical corpus, with the informed consent obtained from the interviewees, respecting their privacy and guaranteeing their anonymity allows us to perform a sociocultural and linguistic study. The study took into account intercultural personal reports of informants coming from different locations of the Island, age groups, genders, and schooling. Even though the impact of the South African culture, language and society was noticeable, the presence of the Portuguese language, music, religion, tradition, and Madeiran food were very strong, due to the fact that the Portuguese community was united.
Recent advances in ultrafast plasmonics: from strong field physics to ultraprecision spectroscopy
Authors: Kim San , Jeong Tae-In , Park Jongkyoon , Ciappina Marcelo F. , Kim Seungchul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Surface plasmons, the collective oscillation of electrons, enable the manipulation of optical fields with unprecedented spatial and time resolutions. They are the workhorse of a large set of applications, such as chemical/biological sensors or Raman scattering spectroscopy, to name only a few. In particular, the ultrafast optical response configures one of the most fundamental characteristics of surface plasmons. Thus, the rich physics about photon–electron interactions could be retrieved and studied in detail. The associated plasmon-enhanced electric fields, generated by focusing the surface plasmons far beyond the diffraction limit, allow reaching the strong field regime with relatively low input laser intensities. This is in clear contrast to conventional optical methods, where their intrinsic limitations demand the use of large and costly laser amplifiers, to attain high electric fields, able to manipulate the electron dynamics in the non-linear regime. Moreover, the coherent plasmonic field excited by the optical field inherits an ultrahigh precision that could be properly exploited in, for instance, ultraprecision spectroscopy. In this review, we summarize the research achievements and developments in ultrafast plasmonics over the last decade. We particularly emphasize the strong-field physics aspects and the ultraprecision spectroscopy using optical frequency combs.
Technical efficiency of resource-poor maize farmers in northern Ghana
Authors: Anang Benjamin Tetteh , Dokyi Emmanuel Owusu , Asante Bright Owusu , Donkoh Samuel A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Farm productivity in most developing countries remains low, hence the need to enhance technical efficiency (TE) of producers. This study evaluates the TE of maize production in rural Ghana, using primary data from a survey of smallholder producers. A two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach was used to assess TE and its determinants. The results revealed a bias-corrected mean TE of 68% (as opposed to 81% using the traditional DEA approach). Hence, with the prevailing technology and current input levels, farmers can increase their TE of maize production by 32%. TE increased with adoption of improved varieties, weeding frequency, and herd size but decreased with producer’s age, household size, educational status, and group membership. Subsequently, these factors need to be carefully considered in targeting policies for increasing maize productivity. The study observed increased adoption of improved varieties and training in efficient methods of weed control as important measures to enhance TE of maize farmers.
Determination of shear stresses in the measurement area of a modified wood sample
Authors: Kyzioł Lesław , Żuk Daria , Abramczyk Norbert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the experiment was to determine the distribution of shear stresses in the measurement area of a natural and modified wood sample. Previous wood shear tests conducted on a typical Iosipescu specimen have shown that a complex stress state exists at the bottom of the notch. With transverse loading of the samples, flexure occurs and normal stresses arise from the bending moment and thus fibers are deformed. For the investigations oriented on shear, shear with stretching, and shear with compression, a special specimen was prepared which differed by notch geometry from a typical Iosipescu specimen. A new test machine is described in the article, which is equipped with special specimen holders to perform investigations in complex stress conditions. Crack patterns recorded for natural and modified wood are presented. For all tests, numerical finite element model simulations were performed to obtain stress distributions inside the specimens. The calculated stress distributions were visualized as contour line projections for natural and modified wood. Transverse shear strength values for the modified Iosipescu sample were found to exceed the magnitude of previously published ASTM D1037-87 test results. The test results proved that the strength properties of anisotropic materials in a complex state of stress can be assessed with great accuracy. This is very important in engineering applications.
Metaphors we are robbed by: a critical discourse analysis of ‘the national cake’ and Nigeria’s prebendal elite
Authors: Bello Umar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on aspects of Nigerian corrupt practices and how perceptions of public service and leadership responsibilities are framed linguistically, or discursively, around predatory elitist interests. It is based on two premises. The first pertains to the ways in which the national wealth is metaphorically called the national cake, and how it is viewed as an object that elicits consumption. Textual data is generated from 19 national newspapers and blogs that show 85 occurrences of the term the national cake. The surrounding contexts of the term indicate that national wealth is eatable, shareable and is spatially located. The second premise relates to how the Nigerian elite use metonymic associations to make themselves serve as the aggregate of, or shorthand to, the geographical, partisan and religious interests of the country. This stand-for relationship plays a prominent role in establishing contiguous representations which aid (conceptual) proximity to the national cake. This study uses critical metaphor analysis, corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis to demystify the facts about Nigeria’s national life otherwise overlaid by ideology.
Integrierte Planung und Steuerung
Authors: Kees Alexandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Zur effizienten Auftragsabwicklung von Produktion, Instandhaltung und Qualitätsmanagement wurde ein Referenzmodell erstellt, das diese drei Bereiche weitestgehend integriert und synchronisiert. Das Referenzprozeßmodell ermöglicht es, die durch die Integration entstehenden Synergien auszuschöpfen. Der folgende Artikel zeigt, wie dieses Modell entwickelt wurde, und gibt einen Ausblick auf die Entwicklung eines darauf aufbauenden objektorientierten Software-Prototypen.
Zum Engineering der Systemkosten im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau
Authors: Gerhardt Axel , Kurth Johannes 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die veränderte Arbeitsteilung zwischen dem Hersteller von Produktionsmaschinen und -anlagen und seinem Kunden, dem industriellen Betreiber, wirft ein neues Licht auf die Kostenverantwortung für das Endprodukt. Der Maschinenbauer beeinflußt die Kosten des Endprodukts und der Betreiber als Kunde die Kosten der Maschine. Die Systemkosten bedürfen also der Minimierung, um im internationalen Wettbewerb erfolgreich zu sein.
CORBA im Steuerungsbau
Authors: Adam Wolfgang , Foitzik Volker , Siering Till Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMiddleware-Plattformen sind Softwaresysteme, welche die Kommunikation in verteilten Anwendungen realisieren. Mit ihrer Hilfe werden Komponenten für die Aufbereitung von Daten für den Transport, den Transport selbst sowie die Aufbereitung der empfangenen Daten automatisiert erzeugt. In dem folgenden Artikel wird die Middleware-Plattform CORBA im Hinblick auf ihre Eignung für den Steuerungsbau betrachtet.
Ausrichtung der Geschäftsprozesse auf Kunden- und Kostenverantwortung
Authors: Mertins Kai , Wenzel Karsten , Tünschel Lutz , Jochem Roland , Jäkel Frank-Walter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Der Beitrag beschreibt den Weg des Statistischen Landesamtes Berlin zu einem leistungsfähigen Geschäftsprozeßmanagement im veränderten Umfeld. Hier wird die objektive und produktorientierte Beschreibung der statistischen Verfahren in enger Zusammenarbeit mit den Fachreferaten zur Basis für die Optimierung der Arbeitsabläufe gezeigt.