bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Occurrence of Complications in the Anesthetic Induction in Patients Submitted to the Abbreviation of Preoperative Fasting
Authors: Félix Ana Carolina Ferreira , Vieira Flavio Ferraz , Silva Sérgio Gomes , Amancio Alice Muglia Thomaz Silva , Bittencourt Alexandre Horácio Couto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Preoperative overnight fasting was instituted at a time when anesthetic techniques were rudimentary, to prevent pulmonary complications associated with vomiting and aspiration of gastric contents. Recent studies show that reducing preoperative fasting time is a safe practice and does not increase the risk of bronchoaspiration during anesthetic induction. The use of a carbohydrate solution is also indicated, two to four hours before the operation, determining greater patient satisfaction, less irritability, reduced number of vomiting and less organic response to surgical stress. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of fasting abbreviation on complications during induction of anesthesia in patients undergoing head and neck surgery. It was observed that the highest prevalence of preoperative fasting time was between 2 and 4 hours. There were no symptoms of vomiting, intraoperative bronchoaspiration, salivary fistula and wound dehiscence in the postoperative period. The values for the occurrence of chylous fistula and postoperative symptoms were 0.92% and 7.34%, respectively. Analyzing the results, it was possible to verify that the abbreviation of preoperative fasting is safe. There were no complications such as bronchoaspiration, wound dehiscence, postoperative salivary fistula or intraoperative vomiting. The values for postoperative symptoms and chylous fistula were minimal.
Airborne acoustic emission of an abrasive waterjet cutting system as means for monitoring the jet cutting capability
Authors: Copertaro Edoardo , Annoni Massimiliano 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Abrasive waterjet cutting is a manufacturing technology making use of a high-speed waterjet with abrasive particles in suspension, for cutting hard materials. Product quality requirements are pushing towards an improvement of tracking and stabilization methods of the relevant process variables. Among those, the jet kinetic power defines the cutting capability and has a significant impact on the final cut features. This variable is subject to relevant fluctuations versus time. Besides, the current state of the art does not provide means for its in-line monitoring. The aim of this contribution is to monitor the airborne acoustic emission of an abrasive waterjet cutting head and investigate its correlation with the jet kinetic power. The investigation is carried out by means of factorial studies, in which the jet is fired at various water pressures and abrasive feed rates, providing different kinetic powers. The acoustic emission is synchronously monitored by means of a condenser microphone, installed on the cutting head. Data at frequencies above 40 kHz is found to constitute a robust and selective acoustic signature of the airborne jet. The acoustic signature is proven to be an effective in-line indicator of the jet kinetic power and its pressure-induced variations, whilst abrasive-induced variations remain undetected. A calibration procedure is presented, for translating the acoustic data into a jet kinetic power. The method is validated by means of further experiments that envisage its deployment in a real scenario. Overall, the presented method constitutes a robust tool for monitoring pressure-induced variations of the jet cutting capability.
Comparable oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and impaired phagocytosis against biodiesel and diesel exhaust particles in advanced multicellular human lung mucosa models
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Upadhyay Swapna , Ganguly Koustav , Introna Micol , Ji Jie , Boman Christoffer , Muala Ala , Blomberg Anders , Sandström Thomas , Palmberg Lena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Biodiesel is considered as a Sustainable alternative for fossil fuels such as petro-diesel. However, we still lack knowledge about the impact of biodiesel emissions on human. The airway is the primary target organ of inhaled toxicants. Our current study investigated the effect of exhaust particles from well characterized rapeseed methyl ester (RME) biodiesel exhaust particles (BDEP) and petro-diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) and Macrophages (MQ). MethodThe bronchial mucosa models were developed using human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) in presence or absence of THP-1 cell-derived macrophages (MQ). The experimental set-up used for BDEP and DEP exposures (18 and 36 µg/cm2) as well as the corresponding sham exposure (control) were PBEC-ALI, MQ-ALI, and PBEC co-cultured with MQ (PBEC-ALI/MQ). ResultFollowing exposure to both BDEP and DEP (18 and 36 µg/cm2), both reactive oxygen species and stress protein heat shock protein 60 were upregulated in PBEC-ALI and MQ-ALIExpression of both pro-inflammatory (M1:CD86) and repair (M2: CD206) macrophage polarization markers were increased in MQ-ALI against both BDEP and DEP exposure. Phagocytosis activity of MQ, and phagocytosis receptors both CD35 and CD64 were downregulated whereas CD36 was upregulated in MQ-ALI. Increased transcript and secreted protein levels of CXCL8, as well as IL6 and TNFα were detected against both BDEP and DEP exposure (18 and 36 µg/cm2) in PBEC-ALI. Furthermore, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway and COX-2-mediated histone phosphorylation and DNA damage were increased in PBEC-ALI following exposure to BDEP and DEP (18 and 36 µg/cm2). Valdecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor reduced the level of prostaglandin E2, histone phosphorylation and DNA damage in PBEC-ALI following exposure to both concentration of BDEP and DEP. However, in the presence of PBEC-ALI/MQ, the expression of M1-specific marker was down-regulated after DEP exposures in MQ-ALI.Conclusion Taken together, our data indicate comparable oxidative stress and proinflammatory effects after BDEP and DEP exposures in-vitro. As the use of biofuels increases, the present findings confirm the need to expand the toxicological knowledge of emissions from different biofuels and blends, to better include health impacts of air pollution in the overall sustainability assessment of emerging fossil-free solutions.
Numerical evaluation of dynamic earth lateral pressure on basement walls in cohesionless soils (a case study of Iranian earthquakes)
Authors: Hamzaban Mohammad-Taghi , Mikola Roozbeh Geraili , Mojarab Masoud , Ebrahimi Saeed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Various earth-retaining structures are extensively used in different civil engineering projects. Using the results of experimental and numerical modeling, the effect of the earthquake loading on the distribution of the earth lateral pressures on basement walls was investigated. The UBCHYST constitutive model was used in the performed numerical simulations, and using the results of 12 centrifuge dynamic model tests, a calibration process was conducted to obtain the proper input parameters for numerical models. Based on the results, some correlations between the dynamic increment coefficient of earth lateral pressure (ΔKae) and the free field peak ground acceleration (PGAff) were established. The correlations are different for stiff and flexible basement walls. In the end, the results of the model calibration process were verified by the examination of 12 major earthquakes that occurred in the Iran plateau. The results showed that the proposed ΔKae-PGAff correlations are precise enough for the applied design projects.
Breathing plastics in Metro Manila, Philippines: Presence of suspended atmospheric microplastics in ambient air
Authors: Romarate Rodolfo II A , Ancla Sheila Mae B , Patilan Dawn May M , Inocente Sherley Ann T , Pacilan Christine Joy M , Sinco Astrid L , Guihawan Jaime Q , Capangpangan Rey Y , Lubguban Arnold A , Bacosa Hernando P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Microplastics (< 5mm) have lately been identified in the atmosphere of urban, suburban, and even distant places far from plastic particle areas, suggesting the possibility of long-distance atmospheric transport of microplastics. However, the occurrence, fate, transmission, and effects of these suspended atmospheric microplastics (SAMPs) are all currently unknown in the Philippines. This study investigated the presence of suspected microplastic in the atmosphere of sixteen cities and one municipality of Metro Manila, Philippines. Sampling was conducted using a respirable dust sampler mounted with a Whatman GF/C filter paper and an intake flow rate of 1.4 L/min with Whatman GF/C filter paper. Results reveal that all seventeen sampling areas have the presence of SAMPs. A total of 155 SAMPs were found and confirmed in Metro Manila, recording the highest concentration in Muntinlupa City and Mandaluyong City (0.023 SAMP/NCM). Fourteen SAMP types were identified across the sampling areas, ⁓74% with polyester. This study is the first record of the presence of microplastics suspended in the ambient air in the Philippines. It is estimated that an adult person in Metro Manila has a potential to inhale (5–8 per minute, normal minute ventilation) normal ventilation about 1 SAMP if exposed for about 99.0 to 131.57 hours. Further studies should be done to evaluate the fate and health effects of these SAMPs in Metro Manila’s setting.
Improving Some Aesthetic and Performance Characteristics of Wool via Synergistic Action of a Protease and a Cationic Silicon Softener
Authors: Mowafi Salwa , El-Newashy Rania 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Production of textile garments with pleasant aesthetic property is always a customer-demand; and the application of eco-friendlier methods to attain this target is driven by the environmental legislation all over the world. The main aim of this study is improving garment appearance and performance attributes of wool fabric by two-consecutive benign processes using bio- and chemical treatments. Two commercial proteases were used in bio-treatment of wool under their respective appropriate conditions. The bio-treated wool fabrics were modified with an aqueous solution of a water-dispersible cationic softener based on poly amino siloxane (PAS). The effects of these treatments on some of the physical and mechanical properties of wool fabric were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the descaled surface of bio-treated wool, and the coated fibre surface of AS-treated wool. Results of this investigation showed that the drapability, and hence the aesthetic property, of the treated fabric was improved. Based on the bending length, drape coefficient, wettability, smoothness, yellowness index, and AC electrical conductivity of the treated wool fabrics, selected samples were assigned to be used in prediction of the garment appearance using CLO3D simulation software.
Machine Learning Analysis of the UK Biobank Reveals IGF-1 and Inflammatory Biomarkers Predict Parkinson’s Disease Risk
Authors: Allwright Michael , Mundell Hamish , Sutherland Greg , Austin Paul , Guennewig Boris 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTIONWe use the world-leading UK Biobank dataset (UKB) with over 500,000 participants and >10,000 variables across multiple data modalities to determine a ranking of candidate risk factors for Parkinson’s Disease (PD) without a priori assumption. METHODS The Integrated Disease Explanation and Risk Scoring platform (IDEARS) applies machine learning algorithms to multi-modal personalised health data to determine individual disease risk and interpret the most important risk factors using mean SHAP score. IDEARS is applied to the UKB to determine the risk factors for PD. RESULTSIDEARS showed improved discriminative performance (AUC=0.672) compared to a known risk factor model (0.620). Gender had the highest mean SHAP score. IGF-1, lymphocyte count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR, an inflammatory marker) and frailty factors also ranked highly. A further investigation into IGF-1 and NLR showed elevated levels in the period prior to diagnosis and at the point of diagnosis in both sexes. DISCUSSIONThe IDEARS model outperformed an approach looking only at agreed risk factors despite making no a priori assumptions. Novel PD risk biomarkers, including elevated IGF-1 and NLR are likely to play a role in the disease mechanism. This panel of biomarkers may be used clinically to predict future PD risk, improve early diagnosis and to understand disease mechanism.
Solar-driven ultrafast lithium extraction from low-grade brine using microfluidics-mediated vortex in scalable electrochemical reactors
Authors: Zhang Xianyun , Li Zhen , Liu Jiang , Xu Fuzong , Zheng Leiliang , De Wolf Stefaan , Lai Zhiping , Lu Xu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electrochemical lithium (Li) extraction from low-grade salt lake brine, when powered by off-grid renewables, represents a potential approach to meeting the substantially increasing demand for battery-grade Li2CO3. However, this technology has been drastically challenged by the low extraction rate and high production cost, largely due to the lack of research on reactor engineering and system scale-out. Herein, we rationally designed a scalable spiral-microstructured electrochemical reactor (SMER) to accomplish ultrafast and economical Li extraction under harsh brine conditions by virtue of significantly accelerated mass transfer. We showcased that the SMER was stably operated at a Li extraction rate over 5.6 times as much as that of state-of-art devices, and could be up-scaled for commercial production of battery-grade Li2CO3 driven by solar cells. This work lays the ground for sustainable Li extraction from remote low-grade salt lake brine and can be readily applied to more minable Li reserves/resources.
Hybrid molecular graphene transistor as an operando and optoelectronic platform
Authors: Trasobares Jorge , Martín-Romano Juan , Khaliq Muhammad , Ruiz-Gómez Sandra , Foerster Michael , Orti Miguel Niño , Pedraz Patricia , Dappe Yannick , de Ory Marina Marina-Calero , García-Pérez Julia , Acebron Maria , Rodriguez-Osorio Manuel , Magaz María , Gomez Alicia , Miranda Rodolfo , Granados Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lack of reproducibility harms molecular devices integration into genuine circuits. Thus, incorporating operando characterization will help to understand multiples features producing disparities. In this work, we report an hybrid molecular graphene field effect transistor (m-GFET) made with 11-(Ferrocenyl)undecanethiol (FcC11SH) and high-quality graphene (Gr) in a back-gated Field Effect Transistor configuration. On the one hand, Gr enables redox electron transfer, avoids molecular degradation and permits operando spectroscopy. On the other hand, molecular electrode decoration shifts the Gr Dirac point (VDP) to neutrality and introduce an extra function. Remarkably, photoconductance appears at the Gr electron conduction regime. As follows, we benefit from these heterogenous electrical and optical inputs to handle the m-GFET as AND/OR logic function. Proofs presented here illustrate a large step forward in the field of molecular scale electronics with implications in sensing and computing.
Evaluation method of local failure characteristics for joint based on white light scanning technology
Authors: SONG Leibo , Zhang Dan , Wang Gang , Du ShiGui , Hu Gaojian , Han Guansheng , Wang Xingkai , Liu Xiqi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Joint is one of the important factors affecting the stability of engineering rock mass. To quantitatively analyze the local failure characteristics of joint, the point cloud data of its morphology before and after shear were obtained by 3D white light scanning technology. Firstly, the problem of cloud surface skew of point cloud data was solved by constructing rotation matrix and translation matrix based on the principle of least square method, and the datum plane of joint was determined. Then, the datum plane of the joint before and after shear was adjusted to be consistent based on the point cloud data of the marked points and the undamaged area of the joint, and the point cloud data with equal spacing were obtained by one-dimensional or two-dimensional interpolation algorithm. Finally, a 3D description method of joint local Morphological characteristics is proposed. The proposed method can determine the scope of surface failure of joint, quantitatively analyze the locality of its failure characteristics, and provide data support for distinguishing the types of shear failure and further research on shear mechanism.
The incidence and risk factors of lumbodorsal fasciitis in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a retrospective study in 1182 cases
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Cong , Sun Rui , Zhang Shao-Dong , Wu Xiao-Tao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Backgroud Lumbodorsal fasciitis contributes to residual back pain after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of lumbodorsal fasciitis in OVCF cases without previous spine surgery.Methods A retrospective study of OVCF patients in a single spine center between June 2016 and October 2020. Demographics, spine trauma, back pain duration, vertebral fractures number, and comorbidity profile of OVCF with and without lumbodorsal fasciitis were summarized and compared.Results 1182 OVCF patients averaged to 72.19 years old were included and 532 showed lumbodorsal fasciitis, approximating to a comorbidity rate of 45%. The incidence of lumbodorsal fasciitis was: 22.2% in age group < 60 and increased to 39.5% in 60–70, 45.1% in 70–80, and 59.4% in > 80 years old; 42.26% in females and increased to 57% in males; 40% in OVCF caused by apparent spine trauma and increased to 53.5% in non-traumatic OVCF; 40.6% in single OVCF and increased to 57.1% in multiple fractures involving two and 72.7% involving three or more vertebra; 36.8% in patients with pre-hospital back pain for < 1 week and increased to 43.75% for 1–2 weeks, 54.09% for 2–4 weeks, and 69.89% for 1–3 months. Patients with multiple and cardio-cerebrovascular comorbidities including hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cerebral infarction had higher risk of lumbodorsal fasciitis.Conclusions Lumbodorsal fasciitis is a common comorbidity of OVCF. Male gender, increasing age, non-traumatic and multiple OVCF, prolonged symptom of back pain, multiple and cardio-cerebrovascular comorbidities dispose higher risk of lumbodorsal fasciitis.
Abnormal Neural Differentiation in Response to Graphene Quantum Dots through Histone Modification Interference
Authors: Ku Tingting , Ren Zhihua , Yang Renjun , Liu Qian S. , Sang Nan , Faiola Francesco , Zhou Qunfang , Jiang Guibin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been broadly applied in biomedicine in recent years, and their environmental exposure and toxicological impacts have raised increasing concerns. The nanosafety assessment on the nervous system is one of the most important aspects, and potential effects of GQDs on neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanism are still elusive. In this study, the neural developmental toxicities of hydroxylated GQDs (OH-GQDs) and amino functionalized GQDs (NH2-GQDs) were investigated using the mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).
Results
The results revealed that OH-GQDs significantly inhibited the ectoderm development, and reduced the neural precursor formation and neurogenesis during the neural differentiation of the mESCs. The exploration on the mechanism uncovered that the increased enrichment of H3K27me3 at the promoter region of the Smad6 gene was involved in histone modification-activated BMP signal pathway, which consequently influenced its regulatory effects on neural differentiation. Additionally, OH-GQDs elicited stronger effect on inducing the imbalance of histone modification, and resulted in higher latency of neural differentiation disturbance than did NH2-GQDs, suggesting surface functionalization-specific effects of GQDs on neurodevelopmental toxicity.
Conclusion
This study would provide new insights in not only the adverse effects of GQDs on neurodevelopment, but also the influence from the chemical modification of GQDs on their bioactivities.
Differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into smooth muscle cells in an internal anal sphincter-targeting faecal incontinence animal model
Authors: Kim Minsung , Oh Bo-Young , Lee Ji-Seon , Yoon Dogeon , Kim You-Rin , Chun Wook , Kim Jong Wan , Son Il tae 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies on the development of a faecal incontinence (FI) model targeting smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) have not been reported. Differentiation of implanted human adipose-derived stem cells (hADScs) into corresponding SMCs in an IAS-targeting FI model has also not been demonstrated. We aimed to develop an IAS-targeting FI animal model and to determine the differentiation of hADScs into SMCs in the established IAS-targeting animal model.Methods: An IAS-targeting FI model was developed by inducing cryoinjury at the inner side of the muscular layer via posterior intersphincteric dissection in Sprague–Dawley rats. After in vitro confirmation of differentiation ability into SMCs, implantation of Dil-stained hADScs (1×106 cells per site) was immediately performed at the IAS injury site via microscopic needling. Multiple markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), SM22α, calponin, caldesmon, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC), smoothelin, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 (MCP-3), fibronectin, CoL1A1, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), were used to confirm molecular changes in smooth muscles before implantation (n = 10) and after differentiation of labelled cells at one and two weeks after implantation (n = 20). These analyses were performed using H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and quantitative RT–PCR.Results: Impaired smooth muscle layers accompanying other intact layers were identified in the cryoinjury group. Specific SMC markers, including SM22α, calponin, caldesmon, SMMHC, smoothelin, and SDF-1 were significantly decreased in the cryoinjured group compared with levels in the control group. However, CoL1A1 was increased significantly in the cryoinjured group. In the hADSc-treated group (n = 10), higher levels of SMMHC, smoothelin, SM22α, and α-SMA were observed at two weeks after implantation than at one week after implantation. Stem cell tracking revealed that Dil-stained cells were located at the site of augmented SMCs, with a diminished population of labelled cells after implantation.Conclusions: We first established an IAS-specific FI animal model. Although we could not confirm pathologic evidence of the differentiation of implanted hADScs into SMCs at the injury site, we can infer that implanted cells could lead to augmentation of SMCs.