bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mau Mau as Method
Authors: Alvarado Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring the period of the Kenya Emergency (1952–1960), an assemblage of anticolonial forces waged war against the British colonial apparatus and its allies. Their notoriety would be crystallized in a single, enigmatic phrase: “Mau Mau.” Through considering the character of both contemporary and current framings, this article contends that Mau Mau exists as a historical method in itself, rather than simply as a phenomenon subjected to the analytical frameworks of historians. Mau Mau’s mythological dimension—something acknowledged in even its earliest formal studies—has rarely been focused upon in any sustained way that centers its implications for historical methodology. Yet it existed as a signifier set within enormous discursive webs and systems of information that people interfaced with in myriad ways. More concretely, understandings of and debates about Mau Mau drove human action through their articulation in realms such as (counter)insurgency, politics, and popular culture in geographically-disparate regions of the world. Approaching “events” such as Mau Mau in this fashion reveals the layout of these discursive webs and how they formed around flows of imperial capital, anticolonial resistance, and professional networks.
NSOP-LIKE INDEPENDENCE IN AECATS
Authors: KAMSMA MARK 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe classes stable, simple, and NSOP
$_1$
in the stability hierarchy for first-order theories can be characterised by the existence of a certain independence relation. For each of them there is a canonicity theorem: there can be at most one nice independence relation. Independence in stable and simple first-order theories must come from forking and dividing (which then coincide), and for NSOP
$_1$
theories it must come from Kim-dividing. We generalise this work to the framework of Abstract Elementary Categories (AECats) with the amalgamation property. These are a certain kind of accessible category generalising the category of (subsets of) models of some theory. We prove canonicity theorems for stable, simple, and NSOP
$_1$
-like independence relations. The stable and simple cases have been done before in slightly different setups, but we provide them here as well so that we can recover part of the original stability hierarchy. We also provide abstract definitions for each of these independence relations as what we call isi-dividing, isi-forking, and long Kim-dividing.
Revisiting fecal metatranscriptomics analyses of macaques with idiopathic chronic diarrhoea with a focus on trichomonad parasites
Authors: Bailey Nicholas P. , Hirt Robert P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTrichomonads, anaerobic microbial eukaryotes members of the phylum Parabasalia, are common obligate extracellular symbionts that can lead to pathological or asymptomatic colonization of various mucosal surfaces in a wide range of animal hosts. Results from previous in vitro studies have suggested a number of intriguing mucosal colonization strategies by Trichomonads, notably highlighting the importance of interactions with bacteria. However, in vivo validation is currently lacking. A previous metatranscriptomics study into the cause of idiopathic chronic diarrhoea in macaques reported the presence of an unidentified protozoan parasite related to Trichomonas vaginalis. In this work, we performed a reanalysis of the published data in order to identify the parasite species present in the macaque gut. We also leveraged the information-rich metatranscriptomics data to investigate the parasite behaviour in vivo. Our results indicated the presence of at least 3 genera of Trichomonad parasite; Tetratrichomonas, Pentatrichomonas and Trichomitus, 2 of which had not been previously reported in the macaque gut. In addition, we identified common in vivo expression profiles shared amongst the Trichomonads. In agreement with previous findings for other Trichomonads, our results highlighted a relationship between Trichomonads and mucosal bacterial diversity which could be influential in health and disease.
Bilingual interactional contexts predict executive functions in older adults
Authors: Yang Hwajin , Tng Germaine Y. Q. , Ng Gilaine Rui , Ng Wee Qin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrawing on the adaptive control hypothesis, we examined whether older adults’ bilingual interactional contexts of conversational exchanges would predict important indices of executive functions (EF). We assessed participants’ engagement in each bilingual interactional context – single-language, dual-language, and dense code-switching – and their performance on a series of nonverbal EF measures. Sixty-nine healthy older adults (Mage = 70.39 years; ages 60–93) were recruited from local community centers. We found that the dense code-switching context was associated with enhanced overall EF, but not individual facets of EF (inhibitory control, shifting, and updating). These findings held true when we controlled for a host of covariates. Our findings shed light on aging bilinguals’ interactional contexts as crucial bilingual experiences that modulate overall EF. Given that bilingualism is a multidimensional construct, rather than a unidimensional variable, our study underscores the importance of more fine-grained operationalisation of bilingualism when studying its impacts on EF.
Medizindidaktik
Authors: Fabry Götz 
Published: December 2022

Wie sieht ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes und zukunftsorientiertes Medizinstudium aus?

Mit dem Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Medizin (NKLM) und der Reform der Ärztlichen Approbationsordnung soll sich das Medizinstudium deutlich verändern. Kernpunkte sind ein stärkerer Praxisbezug, kompetenzorientiertes Lernen, Lehren und Prüfen, mehr Gewicht für kommunikative und soziale Fähigkeiten sowie eine Stärkung der Wissenschaftlichkeit. Für alle, die das Medizinstudium gestalten und umsetzen, hat dies tiefgreifende Folgen in Bezug auf die curriculare Planung und Durchführung von Lehre sowie die Prüfungen.
Für die zweite Auflage wurden die Inhalte mit Blick auf diese Herausforderungen umfassend überarbeitet und auf den neuesten Stand gebracht:
•Voraussetzungen für erfolgreiches Lernen und Lehren im Medizinstudium: Motivation, (Meta-)Kognition, Klinisches Denken, Situiertes Lernen u.a.
•Lehre vom Prozess bis zum Ergebnis systematisch planen: Kompetenzorientierte Lernziele umsetzen, curriculare Integration realisieren, Lehre und Prüfungen systematisch aufeinander abstimmen
•Lehrformate für große und kleine Gruppen interaktiv und aktivierend gestalten, Feedback systematisch nutzen, klinischen Unterricht optimieren
•Kompetenzorientiert prüfen in allen Abschnitten des Studiums, Qualität von Prüfungen sicherstellen, Lehrerfolg systematisch evaluieren
•Wissenschaftlichkeit auch in der Lehre realisieren: Aktuelle wissenschaftliche Evidenz konsequent berücksichtigen
Eine konsequent didaktische Kapitelgestaltung mit Einführung, Werkzeugkästen, Zusammenfassung, Fallbeispielen sowie zahlreichen Tabellen und farbigen Grafiken ermöglichen einen hohen Praxisbezug. Das Buch empfiehlt sich daher als ideale Unterstützung bei der Planung, Umsetzung und Evaluation von Lehre in der Medizin sowie als kompaktes Begleitbuch und Nachschlagewerk für die individuelle Fort- und Weiterbildung für alle, die sich mit Lehre in der Medizin beschäftigen.
Ganymede's Radiation Cavity and Radiation Belts
Authors: Kollmann P. , Clark G. , Paranicas C. , Mauk B. , Haggerty D. , Rymer A. , Allegrini F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile planetary radiation belts are all embedded within the low energy solar wind, Ganymede is in the unique situation of being surrounded by the energetic particles of Jupiter's magnetosphere. Here we study Ganymede's environment based the recent flyby of Juno, as well as through reanalysis of past measurements from the Galileo spacecraft. We find that Ganymede is surrounded by a radiation cavity with intensities that are lower compared to Jupiter. Particles are lost in the cavity due to absorption by Ganymede that is likely enhanced by scattering. In the core of the cavity we find radiation belts. Their intensities are comparable to Jupiter for ions but lower for electrons. The radiation belts form peaks in phase space density, which indicates that they cannot be produced through steady inward influx and accumulation of Jupiter particles. Other processes are needed such as local acceleration, or time dependent transport and loss processes.
Surface Features of Ganymede Revealed in Jupiter‐Shine by Juno’s Stellar Reference Unit
Authors: Becker Heidi N. , Florence Meghan M. , Brennan Martin J. , Hansen Candice J. , Schenk Paul M. , Ravine Michael A. , Arballo John K. , Bolton Scott J. , Lunine Jonathan I. , Guillaume Alexandre , Alexander James W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOn 7 June 2021, Juno crossed the orbital path of Jupiter’s moon Ganymede, flying within 1,046 km of the surface. Juno’s low‐light‐sensitive Stellar Reference Unit (SRU) navigation camera captured an image of the satellite’s dark side in a region of Xibalba Sulcus illuminated solely by Jupiter‐shine. Collected at high incidence angle with 670–920 m/pixel resolution, the image reveals terrain morphology, ejecta, and numerous small craters that cannot be discerned in the Voyager imagery used for the USGS global geologic map of Ganymede. The Juno data enable improved mapping of Ganymede’s surface and reinterpretation of material and crater ages in a region previously characterized as light “undivided” material due to poor image resolution. The illumination conditions achieved by the SRU observation geometry also reveal the detailed morphology of a 270‐km elongated bright feature in this area. These newly resolved features contribute to an improved understanding of Ganymede’s complex history.
UVS Observations of Ganymede's Aurora During Juno Orbits 34 and 35
Authors: Greathouse T. K. , Gladstone G. R. , Molyneux P. M. , Versteeg M. H. , Hue V. , Kammer J. A. , Davis M. W. , Bolton S. J. , Giles R. S. , Connerney J. E. P. , Gerard J.‐C. , Grodent D. C. , Bonfond B. , Saur J. , Duling S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOn 7 June 2021, Juno‐UVS mapped Ganymede's auroral emissions near a closest approach altitude of 1,046 km. The high spatial resolution map exhibits bright, 200–1,000 R, oxygen emissions organized into northern and southern auroral ovals. Though the map has incomplete global coverage, UVS observed longitudinal structure similar to that described by McGrath et al. (2013), https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50122 and latitudinal and vertical structure never before resolved. The mapped auroral emissions (a) display an intense narrow auroral curtain with a sharp poleward boundary, (b) have a more slowly decreasing equatorial edge on the leading hemisphere, (c) appear to originate near the surface with a vertical extent of 25–50 km, and (d) are slightly brighter in the north than the south. Additionally, we present UVS observations from the more distant Juno Ganymede flyby on 20 July 2021. We describe the observations, compare them to previous Hubble Space Telescope observations and current model predictions of the open‐closed‐field line‐boundary.
Competition Between Radiative and Seeding Effects of Overlying Clouds on Underlying Marine Stratocumulus
Authors: Jian Bida , Li Jiming , Zhang Lijie , Wang Yang , Zhang Weiyuan , Li Yarong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOverlying cloud can affect the radiative and precipitation features of underlying cloud via its radiative and seeding effects. Using 4 years of CALIPSO and CloudSat observations, this study demonstrates that overlying clouds usually suppress the vertical development of underlying stratocumulus (Sc) by their radiative effect, thus reducing the precipitation, cloud liquid water path and thickness of Sc on a global scale. The radiative effect intensity increases with increasing optical depth (COD) of overlying cloud and decreasing cloud distance between cloud layers. By dividing the overlying clouds into seeder and non‐seeder groups, we find that seeding by overlying clouds can partly or even totally offset the precipitation suppression caused by their radiative effect. The net effect on precipitation of Sc switches from suppression to enhancement when COD of overlying cloud exceeds 0.16. This finding indicates that the competition between radiative and seeding effects of overlying cloud should be considered in cloud‐precipitation interaction.
Ganymede's Auroral Footprint Latitude: Comparison With Magnetodisc Model
Authors: Promfu T. , Nichols J. D. , Wannawichian S. , Clarke J. T. , Vogt M. F. , Bonfond B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVariations of Ganymede's auroral footprint locations are presented based on observations by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2007 and 2016. The poleward and equatorward shifts of Ganymede's footprint could be influenced by the mass outflow rate from Io and the solar wind compression, as the internal and external factors respectively. We compare our results with Ganymede's footprint mapping based on the magnetodisc model. The mapped footprint in Jupiter's ionosphere shifts equatorward with increased hot plasma parameter, Kh, which is associated with hot plasma pressure. We analyzed the effect of cold plasma number density (Nc), related to the mass outflow rate and connected to the material produced by Io. The results show that the magnetic footprint is shifted equatorward by 0.37° when the mass outflow rate is increased from 800–2,000 kg s−1. Iogenic plasma has a strong influence on the stretching of the magnetic field lines in Jupiter's middle magnetosphere, causing the equatorward shift of Ganymede's footprint. For external factors, Ganymede's footprint shifted poleward by 0.62° under the influence of solar wind compression while the mass outflow is kept constant at 1,000 kg s−1. We present similar locations of Ganymede's footprint based on the field lines mapped as a result of the compensation between an increase of Kh and the solar wind compression. Overall, the location of Ganymede's auroral footprint corresponds with the mass loading rate from Io and the solar wind dynamic pressure.
Synthetic River Flow Videos for Evaluating Image‐Based Velocimetry Methods
Authors: Bodart G. , Le Coz J. , Jodeau M. , Hauet A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVarious image‐based velocimetry methods have been developed and increasingly used for surface velocity and discharge measurements in rivers. Their evaluation is challenging as in situ comparisons are limited and affected by uncertainties, and synthetic flow images used to test laboratory velocimetry methods are not representative of outdoor applications. A novel method is proposed to generate synthetic river flow videos with known surface velocities. The method is based on open‐source computer graphics tools: Blender and Mantaflow. The synthetic videos represent realistic situations where the scene configuration, for example, riverbed and riparian areas, water aspect, camera location and orientation or lighting can be easily modified. Two cases studies emphasize the strengths and the limitations of the proposed method. The synthetic datasets generated will allow the improvement of different image‐based velocimetry methods, notably through collaborative evaluations or intercomparisons.
Tumorigenic role of Musashi-2 in aggressive mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Sureda-Gómez Marta , Balsas Patricia , Rodríguez Marta-Leonor , Nadeu Ferran , De Bolòs Anna , Eguileor Álvaro , Kulis Marta , Castellano Giancarlo , López Cristina , Giné Eva , Demajo Santiago , Jares Pedro , Martín-Subero José I. , Beà Silvia , Campo Elias , Amador Virginia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSOX11 overexpression has been associated with aggressive behavior of mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). SOX11 is overexpressed in embryonic and cancer stem cells (CSC) of some tumors. Although CSC have been isolated from primary MCL, their relationship to SOX11 expression and contribution to MCL pathogenesis and clinical evolution remain unknown. Here, we observed enrichment in leukemic and hematopoietic stem cells gene signatures in SOX11+ compared to SOX11– MCL primary cases. Musashi-2 (MSI2) emerged as one of the most significant upregulated stem cell-related genes in SOX11+ MCLs. SOX11 is directly bound to the MSI2 promoter upregulating its expression in vitro. MSI2 intronic enhancers were strongly activated in SOX11+ MCL cell lines and primary cases. MSI2 upregulation was significantly associated with poor overall survival independently of other high-risk features of MCL. MSI2 knockdown decreased the expression of genes related to apoptosis and stem cell features and significantly reduced clonogenic growth, tumor cell survival and chemoresistance in MCL cells. MSI2-knockdown cells had reduced tumorigenic engraftment into mice bone marrow and spleen compared to control cells in xenotransplanted mouse models. Our results suggest that MSI2 might play a key role in sustaining stemness and tumor cell survival, representing a possible novel target for therapeutic interventions in MCL.
TogoVar: A comprehensive Japanese genetic variation database
Authors: Mitsuhashi Nobutaka , Toyo-oka Licht , Katayama Toshiaki , Kawashima Minae , Kawashima Shuichi , Miyazaki Kazunori , Takagi Toshihisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTogoVar (https://togovar.org) is a database that integrates allele frequencies derived from Japanese populations and provides annotations for variant interpretation. First, a scheme to reanalyze individual-level genome sequence data deposited in the Japanese Genotype-phenotype Archive (JGA), a controlled-access database, was established to make allele frequencies publicly available. As more Japanese individual-level genome sequence data are deposited in JGA, the sample size employed in TogoVar is expected to increase, contributing to genetic study as reference data for Japanese populations. Second, public datasets of Japanese and non-Japanese populations were integrated into TogoVar to easily compare allele frequencies in Japanese and other populations. Each variant detected in Japanese populations was assigned a TogoVar ID as a permanent identifier. Third, these variants were annotated with molecular consequence, pathogenicity, and literature information for interpreting and prioritizing variants. Here, we introduce the newly developed TogoVar database that compares allele frequencies among Japanese and non-Japanese populations and describes the integrated annotations.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of high-wavenumber turbulence in a basic laboratory plasma
Authors: Kawachi Yuichi , Sasaki Makoto , Kosuga Yusuke , Terasaka Kenichiro , Nishizawa Takashi , Yamada Takuma , Kasuya Naohiro , Moon Chanho , Inagaki Shigeru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh-spatial resolution observation of high-wavenumber broadband turbulence is achieved by controlling the magnetic field to be relatively low and measuring with a azimuthally arranged multi-channel Langmuir array in a basic laboratory plasma. The observed turbulence consists of narrowband low-frequency fluctuations and broadband high-frequency turbulent fluctuations. The low-frequency fluctuations have a frequency of about 0.7 times the ion cyclotron frequency and a spatial scale of 1/10 of the ion inertial scale. In comparison, high-frequency fluctuations have a higher frequency than the ion cyclotron frequency and spatial scales of 1/10–1/40 of the ion inertial scale. Two-dimensional correlation analysis evaluates the spatial and temporal correlation lengths and reveals that the high-wavenumber broadband fluctuations have turbulent characteristics. The measurements give us further understanding of small scale turbulence in space and fusion plasmas.
Evaluation of U-Net models in automated cervical spine and cranial bone segmentation using X-ray images for traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation diagnosis
Authors: Shim Jae-Hyuk , Kim Woo Seok , Kim Kwang Gi , Yee Gi Taek , Kim Young Jae , Jeong Tae Seok 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSegmentation of the cervical spine in tandem with three cranial bones, hard palate, basion, and opisthion using X-ray images is crucial for measuring metrics used to diagnose traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation (TAOD). Previous studies utilizing automated segmentation methods have been limited to segmenting parts of the cervical spine (C3 ~ C7), due to difficulties in defining the boundaries of C1 and C2 bones. Additionally, there has yet to be a study that includes cranial bone segmentations necessary for determining TAOD diagnosing metrics, which are usually defined by measuring the distance between certain cervical (C1 ~ C7) and cranial (hard palate, basion, opisthion) bones. For this study, we trained a U-Net model on 513 sagittal X-ray images with segmentations of both cervical and cranial bones for an automated solution to segmenting important features for diagnosing TAOD. Additionally, we tested U-Net derivatives, recurrent residual U-Net, attention U-Net, and attention recurrent residual U-Net to observe any notable differences in segmentation behavior. The accuracy of U-Net models ranged from 99.07 to 99.12%, and dice coefficient values ranged from 88.55 to 89.41%. Results showed that all 4 tested U-Net models were capable of segmenting bones used in measuring TAOD metrics with high accuracy.
Long-term enclosure at heavy grazing grassland affects soil nitrification via ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Chen Qing , Shang Yuntao , Zhu Rui , Bao Qiongli , Lin Shan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnclosure and grazing can significantly change the turnover of nitrogen in grassland soil. Changes of soil nitrogen mineralization and ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms caused by enclosure in different grazing intensities (about 30 years of grazing history) grassland, however, has rarely been reported. We selected the grassland sites with high and medium grazing intensity (HG and MG, 4 and 2 sheep ha−1, respectively) and had them enclosed (45 × 55 m) in 2005 while outside the enclosure was continuously grazed year-round. A two factorial study was designed: grazing intensity (MG and HG sites) and enclosure (fence and non-fence). Nitrogen mineralization was detected through a laboratory incubation experiment. The abundance and community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were analyzed using quantitative PCR (q-PCR), terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), cloning, and sequencing. Results showed that compared with MG site, at HG site the AOB abundance and community structure of AOB changed significantly while the AOA abundance and community structure did not change obviously. Enclosure significantly decreased the cumulative mineralized N, N mineralization rate, the abundance of AOB and the AOB community structure at the HG site, while at MG site, enclosure did not change these parameters. Potential nitrification rate (PNR) was positively correlated with the abundance of AOA and AOB at the MG and HG sites, respectively. The abundance of AOA was significantly correlated with soil pH; however, AOB abundance was significantly correlated with soil available N, total N, C/N ratio, pH, etc. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Nitrososphaeraceae and Nitrosomonadaceae were the dominant AOA and AOB, respectively. Totally, the responses of AOB and AOA mainly were associated to changes in soil physicochemical properties caused by different intensity grazing; AOB and AOA may be the dominant functional players in ammonia oxidation processes at HG and MG site, respectively.