bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologika zur Behandlung mittelschwerer bis schwerer Plaque‐Psoriasis im Kindes‐ und Jugendalter: Systematischer Review und Netzwerk‐Metaanalyse
Authors: Huang I‐Hsin , Yu Chia‐Ling , Tai Cheng‐Chen , Tu Yu‐Kang , Chi Ching‐Chi 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungVergleich der Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Biologika zur Behandlung mittelschwerer bis schwerer Plaque‐Psoriasis im Kindes‐ und Jugendalter, soweit diese von der US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) und der European Medicines Agency (EMA) zugelassen sind.Patienten und MethodikDie Datenbanken MEDLINE, Embase und Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials wurden im Zeitraum bis 7. Mai 2021 nach relevanten randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien (RCT, randomized controlled trials) durchsucht. Eine Fixed‐Effect‐Netzwerk‐Metaanalyse (NMA) wurde durchgeführt, wobei für die Rangfolge die SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking curve) berechnet wurde. Die primären Endpunkte waren die Verbesserung des Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Score um ≥ 90 % (PASI 90) nach 12–16 Wochen sowie das Ausscheiden aufgrund von Nebenwirkungen (DAE, discontinuation owing to adverse events) im Laufe der ersten 12–16 Wochen.ErgebnisseFünf RCT mit insgesamt 798 pädiatrischen Psoriasis‐Patienten wurden in unsere Analyse einbezogen. Sämtliche untersuchten Biologika zeigten im Vergleich zu Placebo signifikant verbesserte PASI 90‐Werte, während das Risiko für DAE keinen Unterschied zu Placebo aufwies. Basierend auf der SUCRA erreichte Secukinumab in der niedrigeren Dosierung (SEC‐L) das beste Ansprechen im PASI 90 (84,7 %), gefolgt von Ixekizumab (70,8 %).SchlussfolgerungenUnter allen eingeschlossenen Biologika konnte mit SEC‐L das beste Ansprechen im PASI 90 erreicht werden, ohne das Risiko für DAE zu erhöhen. Weitere Langzeitstudien sollten folgen.
Beta cell endoplasmic reticulum stress drives diabetes in the KINGS mouse without causing mass beta cell loss
Authors: Daniels Gatward Lydia F. , Kim Yujin , Loe Aerin , Liu Yiyang , Kristensen Line , King Aileen J. F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsBeta cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can cause cellular death and dysfunction and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Animal models of beta cell ER stress are critical in further understanding this and for testing novel diabetes therapeutics. The KINGS mouse is a model of beta cell ER stress driven by a heterozygous mutation in Ins2. In this study, we investigated how beta cell ER stress in the KINGS mouse drives diabetes.MethodsWe investigated whether the unfolded protein response (UPR) was activated in islets isolated from male and female KINGS mice and whether this impacted beta cell mass and turnover.ResultsWhilst the UPR was up‐regulated in KINGS islets, with increased protein expression of markers of all three UPR arms, this was not associated with a mass loss of beta cells; beta cell apoptosis rates did not increase until after the development of overt diabetes, and did not lead to substantial changes in beta cell mass.ConclusionWe propose that the KINGS mouse represents a model where beta cell maladaptive UPR signalling drives diabetes development without causing mass beta cell loss.
Monitoring of long‐term tolerance of European ash to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in clonal seed orchards in Sweden
Authors: Liziniewicz Mateusz , Tolio Beatrice , Cleary Michelle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe invasive alien pathogenic fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causing ash dieback (ADB) has devastated European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations across Europe. Breeding for resistance is the most feasible measure to reduce future losses of ash, and the presence of resistance, albeit at low level, has been demonstrated in numerous genetic trials around Europe. This study is a continuation of the inventories tracking the vitality status of different clones, which started in 2006 at two ash seed orchards in southern Sweden. A new inventory conducted in the summer of 2021 revealed that the ten clones previously identified as the most tolerant to ADB based on periodic surveys from 2006 and onwards still remain the most tolerant, while susceptible clones continued to decline and are completely disappearing from the orchards. Browsing caused mortality in some of the most tolerant clones in one of the orchards during the last assessment period. Despite the animal damage, the stable resistance observed in tolerant clones over a 15 years period forms a solid basis for the continuation of the breeding programme where good candidates are selected for further study.
Towards hybrid human‐AI learning technologies
Authors: Molenaar Inge 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEducation is a unique area for application of artificial intelligence (AI). In this article, the augmentation perspective and the concept of hybrid intelligence are introduced to frame our thinking about AI in education. The involvement of quadruple helix stakeholders (i.e., researchers, education professionals, entrepreneurs, and policymakers) is necessary to understand the opportunities and challenges of different educational use cases from an integrated point of view. To facilitate a meaningful dialogue, a common language about AI in education is needed. This article outlines elements of such a common language. The detect‐diagnose‐act framework is used to describe the core functions of AI in education. The six levels of automation model is introduced to develop our thinking about the roles of AI, learners, and teachers in educational arrangements. In this model, the transition of control between teacher and technology is articulated at different levels and related to the augmentation perspective. Finally, the future of AI in education is discussed using self‐regulated learning as an example. The proposed common language will help to support a coordinated development of an interdisciplinary dialogue between quadruple helix stakeholders to strengthen meaningful application of AI for learning and teaching.
Lesions of nucleus accumbens shell abolish socially transmitted food preferences
Authors: Noguer‐Calabús Irina , Schäble Sandra , Kalenscher Tobias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRats adapt their food choices to conform to their conspecifics' dietary preferences. The nucleus accumbens shell is a relevant brain region to process reward‐related and motivated behaviours and social information. Here, we hypothesize that the integrity of the nucleus accumbens shell is necessary to show socially transmitted food preferences. We made excitotoxic and sham lesions of nucleus accumbens shell in male Long–Evans rats who performed a social transmission of food preference task. In this task, observer rats revealed their original preference for one out of two food options. Afterward, they were exposed to a demonstrator rat who was fed with the observer's originally non‐preferred food, and the observer's food choices were sampled again. Sham lesioned observer rats changed their food preferences following interaction with the demonstrator, specifically by increasing the intake of their originally non‐preferred food type. This interaction‐related change in preference was not found after nucleus accumbens shell lesions. The lesion effects on choice were not the consequence of impaired social or non‐social motivation, anxiety or sensory or motor function, suggesting that they reflected a genuine deficit in social reward revaluation. These results highlight the role of nucleus accumbens shell in revaluating food rewards to match a conspecific's preferences.
Western black widow spiders (Latrodectus hesperus) remember prey capture location and size, but only alter behavior for prey caught at particular sites
Authors: Sergi Clint , Schlais Audrey , Marshall Martie , Rodríguez Rafael L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnimals form memories and use them to guide future behaviors. The information stored in memory is selected to include only details that result in adaptive decision‐making. Understanding the contents of animal memories can provide insight into an animal's ecology and evolution. In this paper, we use an assay of searching behavior to reveal the contents of West black widow spiders’ memory. We provided prey in two major components of black widow webs and then stole the prey to elicit searching behavior. We used search effort, in terms of likelihood of searching and the number of bouts of searching, to determine whether spiders form memories of their prey, and whether their memories include any specific features of their prey. Black widows were significantly more likely to search after experiencing prey theft, which demonstrates the spiders form memories of their prey. Black widows were also more likely to search for relatively larger prey, but this effect depended on the site of prey capture within the web (only for prey snared at the web's gumfooted lines). This indicates that black widows also form memories of the relative size of their prey and its capture location. Further, their natural history helps interpret when these details are stored or used, and when not. Our results underscore the importance of behavioral observations for understanding the contents of animal memories.
Effects of climate on salmonid productivity: A global meta‐analysis across freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Gallagher Brian K. , Geargeoura Sarah , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSalmonids are of immense socio‐economic importance in much of the world, but are threatened by climate change. This has generated a substantial literature documenting the effects of climate variation on salmonid productivity in freshwater ecosystems, but there has been no global quantitative synthesis across studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to gain quantitative insight into key factors shaping the effects of climate on salmonid productivity, ultimately collecting 1321 correlations from 156 studies, representing 23 species across 24 countries. Fisher's Z was used as the standardized effect size, and a series of weighted mixed‐effects models were compared to identify covariates that best explained variation in effects. Patterns in climate effects were complex and were driven by spatial (latitude, elevation), temporal (time‐period, age‐class), and biological (range, habitat type, anadromy) variation within and among study populations. These trends were often consistent with predictions based on salmonid thermal tolerances. Namely, warming and decreased precipitation tended to reduce productivity when high temperatures challenged upper thermal limits, while opposite patterns were common when cold temperatures limited productivity. Overall, variable climate impacts on salmonids suggest that future declines in some locations may be counterbalanced by gains in others. In particular, we suggest that future warming should (1) increase salmonid productivity at high latitudes and elevations (especially >60° and >1500 m), (2) reduce productivity in populations experiencing hotter and dryer growing season conditions, (3) favor non‐native over native salmonids, and (4) impact lentic populations less negatively than lotic ones. These patterns should help conservation and management organizations identify populations most vulnerable to climate change, which can then be prioritized for protective measures. Our framework enables broad inferences about future productivity that can inform decision‐making under climate change for salmonids and other taxa, but more widespread, standardized, and hypothesis‐driven research is needed to expand current knowledge.
Why and when older people lose their teeth: A study of public healthcare patients aged 60 years and over in 2007‐2015
Authors: Hiltunen Kaija , Vehkalahti Miira M. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThis register‐based study on public sector patients aged 60 years and over assessed annual age‐specific volume of and reasons for tooth extractions as well as changes in these across the period 2007‐2015.BackgroundAlongside the rapidly ageing population, the demand for public oral healthcare services is growing. Damaged teeth may induce a long‐lasting inflammation burden in old age.Materials and methodsData used the electronic documentation of oral healthcare procedures recorded according to healthcare regulation. The study population consisted of all patients over 60 years of age (n = 216 059) who were treated 2007‐2015 in public oral health care available to all citizens of Helsinki, Finland. Data for the 9‐year time series included reasons for tooth extractions and were aggregated by patient age into 5‐year groups. Statistical analyses included rates and proportions, mean values, correlation coefficients and linear regression modelling.ResultsExtraction patients (n = 48 623) were more likely in the older age groups: 21.8% in the age group 60‐64 and 27.5% in the age group 90+. Mean number of tooth extractions among all patients was 0.4 per patient and 1.7 per extraction patient. Among all tooth extractions (n = 82 677), main reasons were caries 29.5%, apical periodontitis 19.4%, tooth remnant 19.4% and periodontitis 18.0%. Tooth remnant predominated as extraction reason in the oldest age groups, while apical periodontitis displayed an upward trend by calendar year.ConclusionTooth extractions attributable to caries were common in all old‐age groups, tooth remnant extractions were most common in older age groups, and apical periodontitis abounded as extraction reason during 2007‐2015.
Gestational exposure to erenumab—The outcome of three pregnancies
Authors: Bonifácio Gonçalo V. , de Carvalho Sofia Cupertino , Oliveira Renato , Gil‐Gouveia Raquel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractErenumab is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved for the preventive treatment of migraine. While preclinical studies on calcitonin gene‐related peptide mAbs did not identify any reproductive toxicity, pregnant and breastfeeding women were excluded from the pivotal human studies, and therefore the safety of calcitonin gene‐related peptide medications in this population must be studied. So far, postmarketing data of accidental exposures have not brought to light any specific toxicities. Three women treated with erenumab in our series conceived while exposed to the drug. All had previous successful pregnancies, were on erenumab for more than 6 months, and had ≥80% reduction in headache frequency. The one who stopped erenumab only 1 month before conceiving had a spontaneous abortion during the first trimester due to a gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and has since conceived with an uneventful gestation. The other two women stopped treatment during the first trimester, and both pregnancies went to term with no complications. All babies have shown normal development. No plausible explanation relates the mechanism of action of erenumab and the serious complication that occurred in one patient. Continuous follow‐up and reporting of all exposures are encouraged to gather safety data on pregnant and nursing women and on the development of the newborns. So far, immediately stopping the drug is advised and may contribute to decreasing the potential risks.
PhD crisis in the Global South: Oversupply or mismanagement of talent?
Authors: Khelifi Saber 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRising unemployment rates among PhDs gave relevance to a crisis narrative revolving around the assumed oversupply of doctorate holders. The discourse, which originated in established systems of higher education two decades ago, has not been duly tested in the Global South. Taking Tunisia as a case in point, this article probes the validity of the association between high unemployment rates and the oversupply narrative to answer the question of whether Tunisia actually trains more PhDs than necessary. Using quantitative data from national and supranational databases, the state of affair in Tunisia is put into perspective with some neighbouring and OECD countries along four axes: stock and flow of PhDs, student experience, qualification of academic staff and transition to employment. Overall, the paper's main finding discredits the oversupply claim as Tunisia trails in a number of respects but calls for upgrading the static and rather obsolete doctoral training system. Doctorate holders' unemployment is mainly rooted in structural economic and bureaucratic deficiencies as well as a traditional occupational structure that fails to grasp PhDs outside academia. A more exhaustive policy mix is required to streamline the management of doctoral output and address the signs of a degrading research potential.
Break down the barriers of auto‐inflammation: How to deal with a monogenic auto‐inflammatory disease and immuno‐haematological features in 2022?
Authors: Vergneault Hélène , Picard Capucine , Georgin‐Lavialle Sophie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the past few years, the spectrum of monogenic systemic auto‐inflammatory diseases (MSAID) has widely expanded beyond the typical recurrent fever. Immuno‐haematological features, as cytopenias, hypogammaglobulinemia, hypereosinophilia, lymphoproliferation and immunodeficiency, have been described in association of several MSAID. The objective of this review was to describe these particular MSAID. MSAID must be suspected in front of immuno‐haematological features associated with non‐infectious recurrent fever, chronic systemic inflammation, inflammatory cutaneous manifestations, arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Genes and cellular mechanisms involved are various but some of them are of special interest. Defects in actine regulation pathway are notably associated with cytopenia and immune deficiency. Because of their frequency, ADA2 deficiency and Vacuoles, E1‐Enzyme, X‐linked, auto‐inflammatory, Somatic (VEXAS) syndrome deserve to be noticed. ADA2 deficiency results in polyarteritis nodosa‐like presentation with a wide panel of manifestations including cytopenia(s), lymphoproliferation and immune deficiency. Neutrophilic dermatosis or chondritis associated with macrocytic anaemia or myelodysplasia should lead to screen for VEXAS. Of note, most of MSAID are associated with inflammatory anaemia. We proposed here a clinical and pragmatic approach of MSAID associated with immuno‐haematological features.
Long‐term care in the context of population ageing: What role for social protection policies?
Authors: Tessier Lou , De Wulf Nathalie , Momose Yuta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the acceleration of population ageing, healthy ageing is becoming an imperative for all. Social protection systems have an important role to play in this endeavour. Through a life cycle approach, social protection systems can support i) the prevention of disability in old age (i.e. by addressing the social determinants of health and rehabilitation), ii) effective access to long‐term care without hardship for those who need it, and iii) decent work in the care economy. To do so will require adopting a gender‐transformative approach. Indeed, women are disproportionately represented among both older persons and long‐term care providers in their diversity. Further, to adequately contribute to healthy ageing and effective access to long‐term care without hardship as a rights‐based entitlement, social protection systems will need to build strong coordination between health care, social care and other social policies. This article highlights the key entry points for social protection systems to contribute to the United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing, building on the rights‐based approach of human rights and international social security standards.
Parent‐ and teacher‐reported associations from adolescent bifactor models of psychopathology: an outcome‐wide association study of 26 outcomes in mid‐life
Authors: Hoffmann Mauricio Scopel , Evans‐Lacko Sara , Collishaw Stephan , Knapp Martin , Pickles Andrew , Shearer Christina , Maughan Barbara 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAdolescent mental health problems have lasting impacts on health and social functioning later in life. Evidence to date mostly comes from studies of specific diagnostic categories/dimensions, but hierarchical models can elucidate associations with general as well as specific dimensions of psychopathology. We provide evidence on long‐term outcomes of general and specific dimensions of adolescent psychopathology using both parent and teacher reports.MethodsParents and teachers from the Isle of Wight study completed Rutter behaviour scales when participants were 14–15 years old (n = 2,275), assessing conduct, emotional and hyperactivity problems. Metric‐invariant bifactor models for parents and teachers were used to test domain‐specific and domain‐general associations with 26 self‐reported psychosocial outcomes at mid‐life (age 44–45 years, n = 1,423). Analyses examined the individual and joint contributions of parent and teacher reports of adolescent psychopathology. All analyses were adjusted for covariates (gender, IQ and family social class) and weighted to adjust for the probability of nonresponse.ResultsParent‐ and teacher‐reported general factors of psychopathology (GFP) were associated with 15 and 12 outcomes, respectively, across the socioeconomic, relationship, health and personality domains, along with an index of social exclusion. Nine outcomes were associated with both parent‐ and teacher‐reported GFP, with no differences in the strength of the associations across reporters. Teacher‐reported specific factors (conduct, emotional and hyperactivity) were associated with 21 outcomes, and parent‐reported specific factors were associated with seven. Five outcomes were associated with the same specific factors from both reporters; only one showed reporter differences in the strength of the associations.ConclusionsThese findings confirm the relevance of the GFP and the utility of teacher as well as parent reports of adolescent mental health in predicting psychosocial outcomes later in the life course.
A prospective, multicentre study to assess frailty in elderly patients with leg ulcers (GERASstudy)
Authors: Zorge Nadja E. , Scheerders Eveline R. Y. , Dudink Koen , Oudshoorn Christian , Polinder‐Bos Harmke A. , Waalboer‐Spuij Rick , Schlejen Peter M. , van Montfrans Catherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough leg ulcers are a burdensome disease most common in those aged 65 years and older, frailty in this population has not yet been well established.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to prospectively explore and compare the presence of frailty in elderly patients with chronic leg or foot ulcers by applying different validated frailty screening methods in three healthcare settings and to assess the feasibility of frailty screening.MethodsWe compared frailty of leg ulcer patients referred to an academic hospital with a non‐academic hospital, leg ulcer patients receiving (primary) homecare, and a dermato‐oncology patient population (control group). Frailty and quality of life were assessed using four validated questionnaires: the Groninger Frailty Indicator, Geriatric‐8, Mini‐Cog and Wound Quality of Life. To analyse data multiple (non)‐parametric tests were performed.ResultsFifty of 60 included leg ulcer patients (83%) scored “frail” on at least one frailty questionnaire (GFI, G8 or Mini‐Cog). The number of patients scoring “frail” on two or three out of three applied frailty questionnaires were significantly higher in the academic and homecare ulcer population compared with the non‐academic ulcer population and control group (p = 0.002). In the academic ulcer population mean Wound Quality of Life scores were 30.2 (SD 17.6), compared with 17.7 (SD 13.1) in the non‐academic and 15.0 (SD 10.4) in the homecare ulcer population (p = 0.002).ConclusionThe majority of patients suffering from leg ulcers in this study was frail. The highest frailty prevalence was observed in the academic and homecare ulcer populations. The largest impaired quality of life was reported in the academic ulcer population. In dermatology practice, implementing frailty screening and initiating appropriate (paramedical) supportive care should be considered to improve patient outcomes.