bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological Shortening of the Ramus: A Reliable Guide for Diagnosis of Unilateral Mandibular Condylar Fracture
Authors: Haidry Tasneem Zoeb , Channar Kashif Ali , Kumbhar Aftab Ahmed , Shaikh Tarique Hussain , Pershad Ram , Maheshwari Bahvesh , Narejo Sip 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the radiological shortening of the ramal height on an Orthopantomogram (OPG) x-ray and Lateral Cephalogram for the diagnosis of a unilateral condylar fracture.
Study Design: Comparative Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS), Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Hyderabad over a period of 6 months.
Methodology: The study included 100 patients coming to the OMFS department, 50 of them with unilateralcondylar fracture made up the patient group, and the other 50 for the extraction of lower wisdom tooth comprised the control group. Both groups were having the standardized OPGs alone with lateral cephalograms with them, age ranging from 18 and above of either gender. The following linear mandibular measurements were obtained in mm such as body length, ramal height and ramal shortening using both of the radiographs, respectively. Mean values of left and right sides of the OPG and the lateral cephalogram were calculated for both the parameters that is ramus height and body length. Comparison of the said parameters was also done, subsequently.The collected data was analyzed with the software SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Excel.
Results: A total of 100 patients had been assessed and compared on the basis of the radiological shortening of the ramal height on the OPG x-ray and Lateral Cephalogram. The obtained data showed that there was a decrease in the ramal height on OPG as well as Lateral Cephalogram of the fractured patients compared to the non-fractured side, but there was a decrease in the ramal height of patients in the control group as well without having any fracture.
Conclusion: The shortening of ramal height measured on an OPG and Lateral Cephalogram cannot be relied upon to diagnose a unilateral condylar fracture.
Drug Prescription Pattern in Osteoarthritis in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Siddiqui Riyaz A. , Shende Tanaji R. , Salankar Harsh V. , Rode Sonali B. 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Drug prescribing studies aim to provide feedback to the prescriber and to create awareness among them about rational use of medicines. The primary aim of drug utilization research is to facilitate the rational use of drugs in patients. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease and the leading cause of pain in elderly people. The aim of the study was to study the prescription pattern of drugs used in the management of osteoarthritis.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for period of 12 months in collaboration with the department of Orthopaedics. A total of 300 patients enrolled in the present study with fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients’ data was recorded in case report form and analysed to study the prescription pattern.
Results: Out of the total 300 patients enrolled in this study, Osteoarthritis was found to be more common in females. In our study 58.3% of patients were females as compared to 41.7 % of male patients. Patients of age group 46-60 years (60%) were most commonly affected followed by 61-75 years (30.3%). Etoricoxib was the most commonly used NSAID in 28.3% of patients followed by Aceclofenac in 18%, combination of Aceclofenac and Paracetamol in 15.6% & combination of Tramadol and Paracetamol in 8.3% of patients.
Conclusions: In our study it is seen that osteoarthritis affects females more often than males and the knee joint is the most commonly affected joint. Etoricoxib was the most prescribed drug because of good gastrointestinal tolerance.
Effect of Brushing Simulation on the Surface Roughness of Two Different Commercially Available Glass Ionomer Cements - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Jose Shilpa Merlyn , Ganesh S. Balaji , Jayalakshmi S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a restorative material used in dentistry which can also be used as luting cement and for fixing orthodontic appliances. The main components found in GIC are silicon, calcium, sodium and fluoride. In order to improve the toughness of the cement, speed of setting and resistance to wearing, water content of the glass-ionomer cement was replaced by water-soluble polymers or monomer systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of brushing simulation on the surface roughness of two different commercially available glass ionomer cements.
Materials and Methods: GC gold label and D Tech are commercially available glass ionomer restorative cements chosen for this present study. 5 samples were prepared from each. The samples were checked for pre-surface roughness using a stylus profilometer and then subjected to brushing. Toothbrush simulator (ZM3.8 SD Mechatronik) with minimum pressure of 3N and a fluoridated toothpaste was used for brushing. Then the post surface roughness was again checked and the results were tabulated and then statistically analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Surface roughness was increased after brushing simulation in both GC gold label and D Tech GIC samples. This difference was statistically not significant (paired student t, p value = 0.763).
Conclusion: D-tech GIC samples had less surface roughness after brushing simulation when compared to GC Gold label samples.
The Predictive Influence of Interest in Online Learning of Pharmacy Students’ Achievement in General Biology
Authors: Joannes Anyaegbunam Ngozi , Ebere Ibe , Oguguo Basil C. E. , Ene Catherine U. , Okeke Agnes O. , Ugwu Chidinma B. A. , Ngwu Ngozi A. , Anekpo Chijioke C. , Ukalla Geofrey , Onu William O. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: This study determined the prediction of students` interest in online learning on their academic achievement in general biology among the first-year undergraduate pharmacy students in Nigeria.
Design: A correlational research design was adopted for the study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Nigeria between 2020/2021 academic session.
Methodology: The study participants comprised of 370 undergraduate students drawn from faculty of pharmacy using multistage sampling procedure. Interest in online rating scale (IORS) and general biology achievement test (GBAT) were research instruments used for the study. The internal consistency reliability indices of the instruments were established using Cronbach alpha and Kudder-Richardson formula 20 (K-R20) to be 0.79 and 0.71 respectively.
Results: The findings of the study showed that students` interest in online learning significantly predicted their academic achievement in general biology. It was also found that the influence of gender on the amount of prediction of interest in online learning on students` academic achievement in general biology was not significant. The study showed that the regression model for predicting students` academic achievement in general biology from their interest in online learning is: BAA = 17.145 + 0.235(SLA) -0.505(SSA) + 0.305(SCA) -1.0143 (ARA) -0.012(ORA).
Conclusion: Interactive online learning platforms and forums where students can have access to question and answers on previous examinations as well as interact with instructors in solving examination problems should be made available. Students should make relentless efforts to engage in online related activities that will stimulate their interest and that teachers and parents should make online learning tools available to students so as to engage them in online learning often.
Comparison of Surface Roughness of Two Commercially Available Glass Ionomer Cements after Brushing Simulation with Herbal and Fluoridated Toothpaste - An In vitro Study
Authors: Kishore S. Obuli Ganesh , Jayalakshmi S. , Ganesh S. Balaji 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Glass ionomer cement is a restorative material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement. Nowadays many consumers have started using natural toothpaste in order to avoid synthetic and artificial products. The aim of this study is to compare the surface roughness of two commercially available glass ionomer cements after subjecting them to brushing simulation with herbal and fluoridated toothpaste.
Materials and Methods: Glass ionomer cements of two different brands (D- tech and gold label) were moulded into small discs of custom sizes. Their surface roughness before subjecting them to brushing simulation was recorded using Mitutoyo SJ 310 stylus profilometer. Then the glass ionomer cement pellets were mounted on die stones. 4 samples of D-tech and 4 samples of gold label were taken. The mounted samples were placed in a tooth brush simulator (ZM3.8 SD Mechatronik). The samples were subjected to 30000 cycles of brushing with standard and herbal toothpastes. After brushing simulation the GIC samples were again checked for their surface roughness using the stylus profilometer.
Results: The values were recorded and analysed in the SPSS software. The obtained results from the one way ANOVA test were depicted in the form of tables and graphs. Surface roughness of D-Tech Colgate group GIC samples was increased after brushing simulation. The p-value is 0.469 < 0.05, hence statistically not significant.
Conclusion: From the results obtained we can conclude that gold label brand glass ionomer cement showed less surface roughness when compared to D tech brand glass ionomer cement after brushing simulation with herbal and fluoridated toothpaste.
Study of Factors Involved in Perforative Peritonitis and Its Significance to Mortality and Morbidity
Authors: Bhalla Pulkit , Pardeshi C. Z. , Kshirsagar A. Y. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Peritonitis caused by gastrointestinal perforation is one of the most prevalent surgical emergencies worldwide. Early detection and treatment of Perforation Peritonitis may significantly minimize morbidity and death. The result is improved by surgical treatment and good perioperative care. The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the outcome of perforation peritonitis. Hence the present study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare institute to study factors involved in perforative peritonitis and its significance to mortality and morbidity.
Materials and Methods: It was a Prospective Observational Study, conducted over a period of 18 months at the department of General Surgery, KIMSDU, Karad, among the patients presenting in emergency room of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Karad, between any age group, with symptoms of acute pain in abdomen with gas under diaphragm seen on either chest radiograph or x-ray erect abdomen.
Results: In the present study we assessed the Operative procedures among the study subjects. We observed that open appendectomy was performed among 23.08% study subjects, open perforation closure was performed among 26.92% study subjects, resection and anastomosis was performed among 8.46% study subjects, resection anastomosis and Stomy was performed among 6.92% study subjects, simple closure was performed among 34.62% study subjects.
Conclusions: All the MPI parameters: extension of peritonitis, presence of organ failure, time of presentation, type of exudates, presence of malignancy, age, found to be associated with severity of peritonitis.
Evaluating a strategy for measuring deformations of the primary reflector of the Green Bank telescope using a terrestrial laser scanner
Authors: Salas Pedro , Marganian Paul , Brandt Joe , Shelton John , Sharp Nathan , Jensen Laura , Bloss Marty , Beaudet Carla , Egan Dennis , Sizemore Nathaniel , Frayer David T. , Seymour Andrew , Schwab Frederic R. , Lockman Felix J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAstronomical observations in the molecule rich 3‐mm window using large reflector antennas provide a unique view of the Universe. To efficiently carry out these observations gravitational and thermal deformations have to be corrected. Terrestrial laser scanners have been used to measure the deformations in large reflector antennas due to gravity, but have not yet been used for measuring thermal deformations. In this work, we investigate the use of a terrestrial laser scanner to measure thermal deformations on the primary reflector of the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). Our method involves the use of differential measurements to reduce the systematic effects of the terrestrial laser scanner. We use the active surface of the primary reflector of the GBT to validate our method and explore its limitations. We find that when using differential measurements it is possible to accurately measure deformations corresponding to different Zernike polynomials down to an amplitude of 60 m. The difference between the amplitudes of known deformations and those measured are m when the wind speed is m s. From these differences we estimate that it should be possible to bring the surface error of the GBT down to m. This suggests that using a commercial off‐the‐shelf terrestrial laser scanner it is possible to measure deformations induced by thermal gradients on a large parabolic reflector.
Arrested in Glass: Actin within Sophisticated Architectures of Biosilica in Sponges
Authors: Ehrlich Hermann , Luczak Magdalena , Ziganshin Rustam , Mikšík Ivan , Wysokowski Marcin , Simon Paul , Baranowska‐Bosiacka Irena , Kupnicka Patrycja , Ereskovsky Alexander , Galli Roberta , Dyshlovoy Sergey , Fischer Jonas , Tabachnick Konstantin R. , Petrenko Iaroslav , Jesionowski Teofil , Lubkowska Anna , Figlerowicz Marek , Ivanenko Viatcheslav N. , Summers Adam P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractActin is a fundamental member of an ancient superfamily of structural intracellular proteins and plays a crucial role in cytoskeleton dynamics, ciliogenesis, phagocytosis, and force generation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is shown that actin has another function in metazoans: patterning biosilica deposition, a role that has spanned over 500 million years. Species of glass sponges (Hexactinellida) and demosponges (Demospongiae), representatives of the first metazoans, with a broad diversity of skeletal structures with hierarchical architecture unchanged since the late Precambrian, are studied. By etching their skeletons, organic templates dominated by individual F‐actin filaments, including branched fibers and the longest, thickest actin fiber bundles ever reported, are isolated. It is proposed that these actin‐rich filaments are not the primary site of biosilicification, but this highly sophisticated and multi‐scale form of biomineralization in metazoans is ptterned.
Informal supports, housing insecurity, and adolescent outcomes: Implications for promoting resilience
Authors: Marçal Katherine E. , Maguire‐Jack Kathryn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdolescents in low‐income, marginalized families are vulnerable to behavior problems that impede healthy functioning and threaten long‐term well‐being. Informal supports may fill an important gap for these households as they navigate financial and social stressors. Instrumental support from social networks and neighborhood cohesion may promote family stability and youth well‐being; further, these informal supports may promote resilience to housing insecurity, which is linked with a range of adverse adolescent outcomes. The present study utilized data from a large sample of at‐risk families with children (N = 2425) to investigate whether instrumental support and neighborhood cohesion predicted adolescent behavior problems over 10 years and whether these links were mediated by housing insecurity. Results of structural equation modeling with latent variables showed direct links from instrumental support to anxious/depressed behaviors and from neighborhood cohesion to aggressive behaviors, as well as an indirect link from instrumental support to aggressive behavior via housing insecurity. Findings suggest informal supports are an important source of resilience for low‐income families who may be excluded from or are reluctant to engage with formal social systems. Further, stable, connected communities with highly embedded social networks can promote housing stability and youth well‐being in a virtuous cycle.
Direct Anodic N‐α Hydroxylation: Accessing Versatile Intermediates for Azanucleoside Derivatives
Authors: Kurose Yuma , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Okada Yohei , Kitano Yoshikazu , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFuranose ring oxygen‐substituted artificial nucleosides show unique pharmacological activities even without incorporation into oligonucleotides, and are used as anticancer and antiviral agents. Practical synthetic routes to such nucleosides are of exceptional importance to enhance the development of (oligo)nucleotide therapeutics. Herein, we demonstrate that direct anodic N‐α hydroxylation is possible in aqueous media to realize the practical synthesis of these versatile intermediates for azanucleoside derivatives.
Mechanochemical Aliphatic Iodination (and Bromination) by Cascaded Cyclization
Authors: Bal Ankita , Kumar Dinda Tarun , Mal Prasenjit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAliphatic iodination via mechanochemistry is a mammoth challenge due to the high polarizability and weak electrophilicity of iodonium cation (I+), and low bond dissociation energy of carbon iodine bond. Herein, the synthesis is demonstrated of oxazoline derivatives from N‐allyl benzamides via mechanochemical cascaded cyclization and halogenation using N‐iodo‐ and N‐bromosuccinimides, respectively, as bifunctional reagents.
Microscopic Mechanism of the Heat‐Induced Blueshift in Phosphors and a Logarithmic Energy Dependence on the Nearest Dopant–Vacancy Distance
Authors: Xu Jing , Huang Xueli , Cheng Xiyue , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Deng Shuiquan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeat‐induced blueshift (HIB) observed in many luminescent materials is a puzzling phenomenon that has remained unexplained for decades. By using the high‐throughput first‐principles calculations and energy‐screening techniques, we generated a number of model structures for five phosphors, RbLi[Li3SiO4]2:Eu2+, Na[Li3SiO4]:Eu2+, K[Li3SiO4]:Eu2+, Sr[LiAl3N4]:Eu2+, and Ca[LiAl3N4]:Eu2+. Our analyses suggest, to a first approximation, a logarithmic energy dependence on the nearest distance between the dopant and the metal‐cation vacancy. By identifying the
transition energies from the electronic structures calculated for the screened model structures, we show that the vibration of the Eu2+ ion lying in an asymmetric and anharmonic potential well couples with the electronic states, leading to their HIB phenomena.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Reveals Molecular Species in Carbon Nanodot Samples Disclosing Flaws
Authors: Bartolomei Beatrice , Bogo Andrea , Amato Francesco , Ragazzon Giulio , Prato Maurizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbon nanodots are currently one of the hot topics in the nanomaterials world, due to their accessible synthesis and promising features. However, the purification of these materials is still a critical aspect, especially for syntheses involving molecular precursors. Indeed, the presence of unreacted species or small organic molecules formed during solvothermal treatments can affect the properties of the synthesized nanomaterials. To illustrate the extreme importance of this issue, we present two case studies in which insufficient purification results in misleading conclusions regarding the chiral and fluorescent properties of the investigated materials. Key to identify molecular species is the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, which proves to be an effective tool. Our work highlights the need to include nuclear magnetic resonance as a standard characterization technique for carbon‐based nanomaterials, to minimize the risk of observing properties that arise from molecular species, rather than the target carbon nanodots.
Preparation and structure of three NHC metal (Ag(I) and Hg(II)) complexes as well as the selective recognition of complex 1 for dihydrogen phosphate
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Xiang , Zhang Huan‐Huan , Han Xing‐Jun , Bi Yue , Liu Qing‐Xiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe preparation of three metal (Ag(I) and Hg(II)) complexes based on bis‐carbene ligands and correlative three precursors H2Ln·(PF6)2 (n = 1–3) were reported. In each cationic moiety of complexes 1 and 2 and the monomer of complex 3, two Ag+ (or Hg2+) ions and two Ln (n = 1–3) formed one 36‐membered macrometallocycle. There existed π–π interactions between two naphthalenes in each cationic moiety of 1 and 2. The monomers of 3 were connected together through HgO bonds to form 1D chain. In the crystal packings of 1–3, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional supramolecular structures were formed through CH˙˙˙π contacts and CH˙˙˙F H bonds. Additionally, the recognition capacity of 1 for H2PO4− was studied via fluorescence spectra, UV/Vis spectra, HRMS, 1H NMR titrations, and infrared (IR) spectra.
Rheological experiment and fractional derivative model for aqueous polyurethane dispersion
Authors: Meng Zhuo , Liu Yuegang , Ji Chengchang , Sun Yize , Chen Yujie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRheology of aqueous polyurethane dispersion (PUD) has a significant influence on the industry process. In this study, the aqueous PUD used in warp knitted vamp printing was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler electrophoresis. Characterization results reveal that aqueous PUD shows bimodal and broad particle size distributions as well as negative surface charges. Aiming at studying the influence of rheological property on industrial applications of aqueous PUD, dynamic oscillating shear experiments were performed, and its constitutive equation was deduced. Experimental results suggest that temperature has no distinct effect on the linear viscoelastic range, in which aqueous PUD shows a solid‐like behavior. In view of advantages of fractional order constitutive equation describing the viscoelasticity of fluid, this paper optimize the fractional order element to derived fractional Zener (FZ) and Poynting‐Thomson models, and FZ model performs the better. Furthermore, the application and analysis of fractional order model provide theoretic guide for industrial process in warp knitted vamp printing.
Lysozyme binding with sulfa group of antibiotics: Comparative binding thermodynamics and computational study
Authors: Ovung Aben , Jamir Nungshioba , Bhattacharyya Jhimli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProtein–drug binding study addresses a broad domain of biological problems associating molecular functions to physiological processes composing and modifying safe and coherent drug therapeutics. Comparison of the binding and thermodynamic aspect of sulfa drugs, sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) with the protein, lysozyme (Lyz) was carried out using spectroscopic, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation studies. The fluorescence quenching and apparent binding constant for the binding reaction were calculated to be in the order of 104 M−1, slightly higher for SMZ as compared to that of SDZ and the binding stoichiometry values show 1:1 drug binding with each protein molecule. The binding was an enthalpy‐driven spontaneous exothermic reaction favored by a negative enthalpy and a positive entropy contribution for both the complexes. The binding from the fluorescence quenching data suggests a static quenching mechanism dominated by non‐polyelectrolytic components. Synchronous fluorescence denoted a conformational change in the tryptophan moiety of the protein. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation study provided a clearer view of the interaction pattern, where the drug resides on the binding pocket of the protein structure. Overall the protein, Lyz binding of SMZ was slightly more favored over SDZ.