bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Islamic Legal Methodology with Reference to Maqasid al-Shari'ah
Authors: Kazemi-Moussavi Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

Alternative approaches to Islamic law made ‘Islamic legal methodology’ a locus of scrutiny and re-examination by contemporary Muslim authors. This ‘methodology’ (usul al-fiqh), which is more than 1,200 years old, developed out of consideration for the authority of the Qur’an and the Sunnah as the fundamental sources of the law. Although fascinating at the beginning, the rules of literal demonstration could not solve problems arising from the sheer text-based reading of the law. Muslim scholars of the classical period occasionally took different approaches such as consideration of higher objectives of the law (al-maqasid) and knowledge of priorities (al-awlawiyyat) to harmonise the applicability of the law with varying situations facing them. This genre of efforts got a new momentum in the recent decades as it seems heading towards rethinking the method of reading Islamic law. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical survey of what these efforts offered to rethink Islamic legal methodology.
Islam's Religious Pluralism in Context
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: January 2022

The current debate in Malaysia as to whether Islam accepts religious pluralism as opposed to mere religious plurality calls for further reflection. Much would depend, it seems, on how one understands religious pluralism and then the three quranic verses that characterise Islam.
These proclaim that “surely the religion before Allah is Islam (submission to His will)” (3:19); that “whoever seeks other than Islam as a religion, it will not be accepted from him” (3:85); and “this day I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour to you, and chose Islam to be your faith” (5:3). These are often cited as evidence that Islam is the only true religion and only those who follow Islam shall be saved. Mainstream Quran commentaries consider Islam in these verses to be the exclusive name for the religion revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.
The Absence of Islam in the 'Arab Spring'
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: January 2022

While most of the recent movements in the Muslim world have been spearheaded by Islamic parties and leaders, the Arab uprising is surprisingly led by civil society, especially the youth. The Arab uprising is still unfolding and uncertainties exist that may yet be clarified in the course of time. However, one question that arises is over the relative absence of Islam in what has been seen so far.
Ghazi bin Muhammad, Love in the Holy Quran
Authors: Bakar Osman 
Published: January 2022

Love in the Holy Quran authored by HRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad bin Talal of Jordan is an English translation of the sixth edition of his second PhD dissertation (in Arabic) submitted to al-Azhar University, Cairo. His first doctorate was from Cambridge University. It is a beautiful book on a beautiful subject, namely the subject of love in all its dimensions and manifestations, both divine and human, as treated in the Qur’an, the hadiths, and the classical works of eminent representatives of many generations of Muslim scholars, particularly prominent exegetes of the Qur’an.
Islam and Democracy
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: January 2022

RELIGIOUS VIEWPOINT: A democratic system of rule is on the whole acceptable to Islam.
Muslim scholars have differed in their assessment of democracy and constitutionalism from the viewpoint of Islamic principles. The view has gained ground, however, that a democratic system of rule is on the whole acceptable to Islam. This acceptance is because democracy is about fundamental rights and liberties, the rule of law, a representative and participatory government, separation of powers and equality before the law. Rights and liberties are a manifestation of human dignity which must be protected against the coercive power of the state. A constitution is also an instrument of limitation, organisation and division of power among the various organs of state.
Broadly, Islam approves of most of these concepts and takes affirmative positions on the protection and realisation of people’s welfare and maslahah, a consultative government committed to accountability (muhasabah) and justice. Islam advocates a limited government, which is committed to the advancement of the goals and purposes (maqasid) of Shariah. Islam and democracy both seek to realise people’s welfare and basic rights of life, personal security, privacy and ownership. The Shariah recognises these, as also the rights to education and employment, and the individual’s entitlement to the essentials of life.
The MENA Saga
Authors: Bajrektarevic Anis H. 
Published: January 2022

The MENA theatre is situated in one of the most fascinating locations of the world, the Middle East and North Africa. It represents, along with the Balkans-Caucasus, the only existing land corridor that connects three continents. It also holds over a half of the world’s proven oil-gas reserves (56 percent - oil, 48 percent - gas). Furthermore, the Gulf OPEC states and Libya have by far the lowest costs of oil extraction, thanks to the high crude purity (measured by overall properties such as the state of aggregation, excavation gravity, viscosity, weight, sulfuric content and other contaminants) which simplifies and reduces the cost of the refinement process. These petrol-exporters also enjoy the close proximity to open warm seas for low-cost, fast and convenient overseas shipments. Hence, the costs per barrel of crude for Libya and the Persian Gulf states are under US$ 5; for other OPEC members, below US$ 10. This is in a sharp contrast to countries such as the US, Russia, Norway, Canada and many others that bear production costs of several tens of US$ per barrel, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Therefore, it is an absolute imperative for the external/peripheral powers to dominate such a pivotal geo-economic and geopolitical theatre by simply keeping its centre “soft,” and pre-empting, preventing or hindering any emancipation that might come through any indigenous socio-political modernisation. This is the very same imperative that has remained a dominant rationale of inner European and Asian machtpolitik for centuries.
Tajdid, Islah and Civilisational Renewal in Islam
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: January 2022

The basic theme of this article is that civilisational renewal is an integral part of Islamic thought. The article looks into the meaning, definition and origins of tajdid, islah and their relationship with ijtihad, and how these have been manifested in the writings and contributions of the thought leaders of Islam throughout its history. The article develops tajdid-related formulas and guidelines that should lead the efforts of contemporary Muslims in articulating the objectives of inter-civilisational harmony and their cooperation for the common good.
Modernism and Traditionalism in Islam: A Plea for Realism
Authors: Legenhausen Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

The benefits of modernisation cannot be ignored any more than its failings. Nothing should be accepted or rejected merely because it is modern. Likewise, nothing should be accepted or rejected merely because it is traditional. There is much that is good in modernity, and much that is good in traditional societies. There is much that is bad in modernity, and much that is bad in traditional societies.
In practice, any politically active movement that opposes Westernisation and calls for the enforcement of Islamic law is termed “Islamic fundamentalism.” One must be careful to distinguish so-called fundamentalists from traditional Muslim groups, for there are Muslim groups that have been anti-intellectualist, anti-philosophical and rather outwardly oriented throughout the history of Islamic civilisation. On the other hand, there are some revolutionary Muslims who have been philosophers and mystics.
Abu I-Hasan Ali al-Nadawi's Approach to Renewal and Reform (Tajdid wa Islah)
Authors: Ali Mohammed Farid 
Published: January 2022

Our remarks are based on two works by Abu l-Hasan Ali Nadawi (d. 1999), a well known scholar of Arabic language, Islamic culture and da’wah. The first work is Tarikh-i-Da’wat wa ‘Azimat, originally written in Urdu then rendered into Arabic as “Rijal al-Fikr wa al-Da’wah fi al-Islam” and into English as “Saviours of the Islamic Spirit”. The second work is Islam and the World: Rise and Decline of Muslims and its Effect on Mankind. We shall briefly present Nadawi’s theory of renewal, his approach to understanding the contributions of Islamic scholars, leaders, and Sufi shaykhs in this field, as well as his identification of the causes which have brought about the decline of Muslim civilisation.
The Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an (IEQ). Volume 1: Allah, Ahmad, A-Beautiful Names of Allah. General Editor: Muzaffar Iqbal
Authors: Crow Karim Douglas 
Published: January 2022

The reputable historian of Islamic science Muzaffar Iqbal initially conceived this project in 2007, and the realisation of this first volume of a projected seven covering over six hundred entries is a welcome event. In his Introduction to this volume Iqbal emphasises the need for contemporary Muslims to reconnect with the Arabic sources of their faith, given that “only 20 percent of all Muslims today understand the language of the primary sources of their tradition”, whereas until fairly recent times a much larger proportion of literate Muslims had a working knowledge of Arabic. Cultural schizophrenia induced by colonial projects and modern mass education have “exiled most Muslims from their spiritual and intellectual traditions, primarily by severing their links to the language of revelation and traditional scholarship” (p. xi). IEQ is intended to be a unique resource to rectify this rupture by seeking to reconnect modern educated Muslims with the central source of their faith and practice - the Qur’an as the actual Word of God, and traditional scholarship treating it - through a deeper source-based understanding of this text. It also seeks to serve the needs of non-Muslims interested in understanding the message of the Qur’an, as well as of academic scholars interested in the range of Muslim understandings of their revealed Book.
An Introduction to Islam in the 21st Century. Aminah Beverly McCloud, Scott W. Hibbard, and Laith Saud (Eds.)
Authors: Parray Tauseef Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

Since John L. Esposito edited The Oxford History of Islam (Oxford University Press, 1999) there has not appeared a comprehensive reference book covering Islamic history with regional studies from the classical to contemporary eras and throwing light on contemporary challenges. This team-edited volume An Introduction to Islam in the 21st Century provides an overview of the Islamic tradition for Western readers which captures its diversity, interpretive debates, and regional differences. It begins with the social and political realities informing 21st century Islamic practice, and examines varying interpretations and debates over hotly debated issues such as the phenomenon of militancy, Islamophobia, and the teaching of Islam in the West. The central approach is that the “image of Islam (particularly in the West) is very different from the lived reality of over a billion adherents around the globe” (p.4). An accessible introduction to Islam, An Introduction to Islam in the 21st Century announces itself as a western-oriented contemporary product.
A Peacebuilding from the Bottom: Daily Life and Local Governance in Rural Afghanistan
Authors: Hayashi Yutaka 
Published: January 2022

The images of Afghanistan are quite often occupied with the long history of conflicts since late 1970s. Even some knew the assassination of Ahmad Shah Massoud on the eve of 911 attacks on the US soil in 2001. The year of 2001 was a historic turning point for the country to re-start state building from the ashes of two decades of war. In other words, 2001 can be seen as a new beginning of peacebuilding in Afghanistan.
This article will examine a possible peacebuilding in Afghanistan from the perspective of rural life after 2001. It is often argued that peacebuilding means to establish state institutions and rule of laws and to introduce a democratic system. This paper, however, aims to highlight the rural daily life and local governance system in order to lead a stable and effective peacebuilding in Afghanistan. For that purpose, based on the interviews conducted between 2003 and 20131 it is, therefore, emphasised that the importance of peacebuilding in rural area, not the top-down peacebuilding, is critical to materialise peace in the country.
This article will investigate the life in rural Afghanistan and based on that, highlights the descent and humble needs of villagers, farmers and ex-combatants for life that directly indicate a way to establish peace from rural area. It would also imply the gap between the reconstructions of state system and the needs of the people in rural area. This article, therefore, (1) touches upon brief background of the targeted rural districts, and (2) examines the needs of the people in the rural area and finally (3) highlights the community structure and local governance in rural Afghanistan.
Conversion Issues in Malaysia: A Challenge to Religious and Racial Harmony
Authors: Yussof Sheila Ainon 
Published: January 2022

There is a worrying trend recently of inter-religious cases which have fuelled angst amongst multiracial communities in Malaysia, and which threaten to disrupt racial harmony or dismantle the 1Malaysia Unity Framework. We refer to the recent case of a “Muslim” bride (named Zarina Majid) marrying her Hindu boyfriend of seven years.
The earlier version of her story goes like this. Zarina was a product of the law which at its time allowed a unilateral conversion of minors by their parents who converted to Islam. Zarina’s parents married as Hindus in 1980. Her father converted to Islam at the urging of a relative while her mother remained a Hindu. It was reported that they remained in the “dual-religion” marriage for a good number of years, and Zarina said that her mother, being illiterate, did not realise that her children were Muslims. Her father registered them as Muslims in their birth certificates and in their MyKad (the national identity card). The problem arose when their father left his home after the birth of Zarina’s brother in 1990 and abandoned them. As a result of abandonment, Zarina was Muslim in name only, nurtured by her Hindu mother to become a practising Hindu, whilst the Muslim father moved on with his life presumably to marry a Muslim wife.
STRAIN RATE–DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR OF UNCURED RUBBER: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND CONSTITUTIVE MODELING
Authors: Kim Sanghyeub , Berger Thomas , Kaliske Michael 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The strain rate dependence of uncured rubber is investigated through a series of tensile tests (monotonic, multistep relaxation, cyclic creep tests) at different strain rates. In addition, loading/unloading tests in which the strain rate is varied every cycle are carried out to observe their dependence on the deformation history. A strain rate–dependent viscoelastic–viscoplastic constitutive model is proposed with the nonlinear viscosity and process-dependent recovery properties observed in the test results. Those properties are implemented by introducing evolution equations for additional internal variables. The identified material parameters capture the experiments qualitatively well. The proposed model is also evaluated by finite element simulations of the building process of a tire, followed by the in-molding.
Жолдасбаев Сайден Жолдасбаевич (1936–2021)
Authors: Бахтыбаев Мэлс Маратович , Акымбек Ералы Шардарбекулы 
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются основные вехи творческого пути одного из известных казахских ученых – археолога, доктора исторических наук, профессора, академика Академии истории и общественных наук Сайдена Жолдасбаевича Жолдасбаева (1936–2021). После окончания университета в 1963 г., С.Ж. Жолдасбаев сначала работал в научно-исследовательском институте, затем в университете преподавателем, доцентом, профессором, заведующим кафедрой, директором Научно-исследовательского центра. Он одним из первых в Казахстане организовал экспедицию по палеоэтнографическим исследованиям. С. Жолдасбаев провел исследования на, более чем 250 зимовках, а также раскопки около 400 усадеб. В центре его внимания был археологический материал ХV–ХVІІІ вв. В 1975 г. успешно защитил кандидатскую диссертацию, в 1997 г. – докторскую. В результате исследовательской работы было написано 10 монографий, 34 учебника и более 300 научных, научно-популярных статей. Посвятив всю свою жизнь археологии и этнологии, С. Жолдасбаев изучал материальную и духовную культуру казахского позднего средневековья: городское строительство, стационарное домостроение, хозяйство и ремесла, обычаи и традиции. К статье приложен список основных публикаций С.Ж. Жолдасбаева – автора многочисленных научных статей, монографий и учебников.
Новые данные о культуре древних тюрков Жетысу
Authors: Тулегенов Туралы Жаксылыкович , Бесетаев Бауыржан Берканович , Хасенова Бакыт Мулдашевна 
Published: January 2022

В полевом сезоне 2017 г. были произведены аварийно-спасательные раскопки близ с. Алмалык Талгарского района Алматинской области, в ходе которых было обнаружено погребение человека с лошадью. Среди инвентаря заслуживает внимание бронзовая серьга так называемого «салтовского» типа, которая дает возможность определить культурно-хронологические рамки памятника и в определенной степени подчеркивает социальный статус погребенного. В погребении также были зафиксированы железные предметы, относящиеся к снаряжению верхового коня. В ходе поиска аналогий были получены косвенные свидетельства в пользу существовавших контактов между раннесредневековым населением Жетысу и Восточного Казахстана, Алтая Это еще раз доказывает особое значение конского снаряжения в эпоху средневековых кочевников, когда на данной территории имели место масштабные боевые действия и массовые миграции населения. Сравнительно-типологический анализ находок выявил круг наиболее близких по морфологическим и техническим характеристикам аналогий, которые указывают на принадлежность памятника к культуре древних тюрков. Памятник датируется VIII–XI вв.
Новые исследования на городище Бытыгай
Authors: Сакенов Сергазы Кайырбекович , Бурбаева Сауле Букихановна , Букешева Гульзат Кайнулловна , Кукушкин Алексей Игоревич 
Published: January 2022

В статье приведены предварительные итоги археологических раскопок средневекового городища Бытыгай, проведенных в полевом сезоне 2021 г. Памятник находится на левом берегу р. Нура, в 1 км к востоку от села Коргалжин (Коргалжинский р-н, Акмолинская обл.). На территории городища были заложены два раскопа. Площадь первого раскопа составила 200 м², площадь второго – 120 м². Полностью исследован производственный цех, включающий две печи для плавки глазури, печь для обжига кирпичей, а также сооружение, предназначенное для предварительной сушки сырого кирпича. В работе дается основная характеристика зафиксированных объектов и строительных материалов. В результате раскопок производственного цеха выявлено несколько типов кирпичей: шесть ‑ обожженных кирпичей, один ‑ с орнаментом без глазури и один тип ‑ орнаментированный, покрытый глазурью. Материалы исследования показывают уровень развития городской культуры в Тенгиз-Коргалжинском регионе и свидетельствуют о том, что Бытыгай, наряду с другими известными средневековыми городищами, являлся административно-торговым центром, расположенным на пересечении караванных маршрутов. Производственный цех по изготовлению и обжигу кирпичей и архитектурно-отделочных материалов датирован предположительно XIV–XV вв.
Некоторые вопросы изучения памятников сяньбийской эпохи
Authors: Жунисханов Айдын Сенгалиевич , Айткали Азат 
Published: January 2022

Сяньби (кит. 鮮卑 (Шянбэй) сяньбэй) – полиэтническая общность, возникшая в нач. І тыс. н.э. на просторах Центральной Азии. В начале ІІ в. н.э. под натиском сяньбийцев распалась хуннская империя. После этих событий в Центральной Азии устанавливается политическое господство сяньби. Полиэтническая общность сяньбийцев сыграла значительную роль в древней истории Казахстана. Научных работ по истории сяньби на казахском языке чрезвычайно мало, что обусловило актуальность данной работы. История изучения сяньбийцев начинается с переводов древнекитайских текстов Н.Я. Бичуриным, Н.В. Кюнером и В.С. Таскиным. Впервые в научный оборот понятие «сяньбийский период» ввел Г.Е. Грумм-Гржимайло. На основе полученных археологических данных из Северного Китая, Монголии и Сибири ученые по-новому начали осмысливать историю сяньби. В Казахстане изучение археологических памятников сяньбийцев (рук. З. Самашев) проводится систематично начиная с 2016 г. роизведены антропологические и генетические исследования, а также радиоуглеродный анализ материалов. В результате чего были уточнены вопросы связанные с расселением сяньбийцев на территории современного Восточного Казахстана.
Pelatihan Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an Mahasiswa Penjaskesrek Dengan 7 Lagu Tilawah Pada Program Iklim Zikir Hari Jum’at STKIP Taman Siswa Bima
Authors: Salahudin Salahudin , Muhammad Muhammad , Shandi Shutan Arie 
Published: January 2022

Pelatihan ini berangkat dari gemarnya program iklim zikir yang dilakukan oleh kampus STKIP Taman siswa bima, Lagu yang di gunakan adalah lagu dalam Tilawah. Selain itu mahasiswa penjaskesrek tersebut mempunyai prestasi dalam bidang Tilawatil Qur’an dan mewujudkan kampus yang beradab serta memiliki skil. Pelatihan pembelajaran membaca al-Qur’an dengan lagu tilawah adalah proses belajar dan mengajar antara guru dan peserta didik untuk mencapai tujuan berupa membaca al-Qur’an dengan lagu-lagu tilawah Qur’an yang terdiri dari lagu Bayyati, lagu Shoba, lagu Hijas, lagu Nahawan, lagu Sika, lagu Rasta Alan Nawa, lagu Jiharka, lagu Banjaka, dan lagu Bayyati yang diadakan di luar jam perkuliahan. Jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) yang bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. mengambil lokasi penelitian di STKIP Taman siswa bima. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggali sumber dari ketua prodi penjaskesrek, dan guru pembelajaran Tilawah Qur’an. Analisis yang digunakan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembelajaran membaca al-Qur’an dengan lagu tilawah pada mahasiswa penjaskesrek materi yang digunakan adalah makro tilawah Q.S al-Baqarah: 1-7 dengan sistem yang diterapkan adalah klasikal dan individual, metode demonstrasi, metode drill, metode sorogan, metode ceramah, dan metode pemberian tugas. Lagu yang dipelajari adalah lagu Tilawah bayyati, hijaz, nahawan, dan rost. Evaluasi dilaksanakan setiap jum’at dalam bentuk pre test dan evaluasi harian.