bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACSL3 regulates lipid droplet biogenesis and ferroptosis sensitivity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Klasson Timothy D. , LaGory Edward L. , Zhao Hongjuan , Huynh Star K. , Papandreou Ioanna , Moon Eui Jung , Giaccia Amato J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the predominant subtype of kidney cancer, possesses characteristic alterations to multiple metabolic pathways, including the accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets. However, the pathways that drive lipid droplet accumulation in ccRCC cells and their importance to cancer biology remain poorly understood.

Methods
We sought to identify the carbon sources necessary for lipid droplet accumulation using Oil red O staining and isotope-tracing lipidomics. The role of the acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) family members, an important group of lipid metabolic enzymes, was investigated using siRNA and drug mediated inhibition. CTB and XTT assays were performed to determine the effect of ACSL3 knockdown and lipid starvation on ccRCC cell viability and shRNA was used to study the effect of ACSL3 in an orthotopic mouse model. The relationship between ferroptosis susceptibility of ccRCC and ACSL3 controlled lipid metabolism was examined using CTB and FACS-based assays. The importance of 5-LOX in ferroptosis susceptibility in ccRCC was shown with XTT survival assays, and the expression level and predictive value of 5-LOX in TCGA ccRCC data was assessed.

Results
We found that ccRCC cells obtain the necessary substrates for lipid droplet accumulation by metabolizing exogenous serum derived lipids and not through de novo lipogenesis. We show that this metabolism of exogenous fatty acids into lipid droplets requires the enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3) and not other ACSL family proteins. Importantly, genetic or pharmacologic suppression of ACSL3 is cytotoxic to ccRCC cells in vitro and causes a reduction of tumor weight in an orthotopic mouse model. Conversely, ACSL3 inhibition decreases the susceptibility of ccRCC cells to ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death involving lipid peroxidation. The sensitivity of ccRCC to ferroptosis is also highly dependent on the composition of exogenous fatty acids and on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), a leukotriene producing enzyme which produces lipid peroxides that have been implicated in other cancers but not in ccRCC.

Conclusions
ACSL3 regulates the accumulation of lipid droplets in ccRCC and is essential for tumor growth. In addition, ACSL3 also modulates ferroptosis sensitivity in a manner dependent on the composition of exogenous fatty acids. Both functions of ACSL3 could be exploited for ccRCC therapy.
Varus collapse following anterior closing wedge proximal tibial osteotomy for ACL revision reconstruction: a case series
Authors: MacLean Ian S. , Tyndall William A. , Schenck Robert C. , Miller Mark D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA slope-correcting anterior closing wedge proximal tibial osteotomy is a powerful tool for correcting increased posterior tibial slope in the setting of a failed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This case series documents three cases in which patients collapsed into varus following an anterior closing wedge proximal tibia osteotomy. Two patients had osteotomies fixated with a “suture-staple” construct, and all had medical comorbidities or reported noncompliance post-operatively. Therefore, meticulous care during the planning, execution, and rehabilitation phases is critical as multiple factors throughout the arc of care may contribute towards anterior closing wedge proximal tibial osteotomy varus collapse. Careful optimization of medical comorbidities and rigid fixation with either a plate and screws or compression staples should be used rather than a “suture-staple” to mitigate this risk.Level of evidence: IV.
Descriptive analyses of maternally-derived antibody levels against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in 3- and 21-day-old piglets from farms of four European countries using different vaccination protocols in sows
Authors: Sibila M. , Llorens A. , Huerta E. , Fablet C. , Faderl M. , Ferrari L. , Rose N. , Palzer A. , Martelli P. , Venegas-Vargas M. C. , Fredrickson D. , Taylor L. , Balasch M. , Bandrick M. , Segalés J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Up to now, information on the levels of maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV-2 in suckling piglets born to sows vaccinated with different strategies is scarce in the literature. In the present observational study, the PCV-2-specific MDA titres from piglets from 109 farms (thirty 3-day-old and thirty 21-day-old piglets per farm) across four different European countries (France n = 30, Germany n = 27, Italy n = 22 and Spain n = 30) using different sow vaccination strategies (during gestation, as a gilt, as a piglet or never) were assessed.

Results
In all four countries, mean log PCV-2 MDA titres were higher in 3-day-old piglets than in the 3-week-old ones, being significant in most of all the comparisons performed. Within each country, the highest PCV-2-specific MDA titres were observed in the 3-day-old piglets born to sows vaccinated during gestation. Indeed, in the four countries, more than 60% of this subpopulation (3-day-old piglets from sows vaccinated during pregnancy) had the highest log PCV-2 titres detectable with the ELISA technique used in this study. The lowest MDA titres were more variable. Whereas in France and Germany the lowest titres corresponded to 21-day-old piglets born from sows vaccinated as a piglet, in Italy, they corresponded to 21-day-old piglets derived from sows vaccinated as a gilt and in Spain to 21-day-old piglets born from non-vaccinated sows. In this study, PCV-2-specific MDA titres at 3 and 21 days of age were not affected by sow parity.

Conclusions
Data obtained could be considered as a European global overview of PCV-2-specific MDA titres present in the pre-vaccinated piglet populations in different European countries, with titres tending to be higher in younger piglets, but with values variable among countries and sow vaccination strategies.
Revisiting functional adequacy and task-based language teaching in the GBA: insights from translanguaging
Authors: Bui Gavin , Tai Kevin W. H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch and practice in task-based language teaching (TBLT) as a cognitively oriented second language (L2) pedagogy have grown substantially over the last three decades. A concurrent development in language education that thrives along the sociocultural paradigm, translanguaging, is also gaining great traction due to its potential in helping to form a holistic communicative repertoire among L2 learners. Despite their different theoretical underpinnings and ideological perspectives, TBLT and translanguaging share many common grounds that are worth exploring. This article argues that translanguaging offers a practical tool for improving L2 task-based performance, especially functional adequacy. Adopting translanguaging in TBLT would be beneficial for learners with a common first language background such as Chinese but lower affect as well as limited lexical and morpho-syntactic knowledge. Implications for L2 or foreign language education policies in the Great Bay Area of China and the implementation of translanguaging in the pre-, during-, and post-task phrases in a TBLT classroom in the region are discussed.
Do digital interventions increase adherence to home exercise rehabilitation? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Lang Sabine , McLelland Colin , MacDonald Donnie , Hamilton David F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Home exercise regimes are a well-utilised rehabilitation intervention for many conditions; however, adherence to prescribed programmes remains low. Digital interventions are recommended as an adjunct to face-to-face interventions by the National Health Service in the UK and may offer increased exercise adherence, however the evidence for this is conflicting.

Method
A systematic review was undertaken using MEDLINE and CINAHL databases using the PRISMA guidelines. Randomised controlled trials in any clinical population evaluating the adherence to prescribed home exercise interventions with and without additional digital interventions were included. Publication quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Results
The search strategy returned a total of 1336 articles, of which 10 randomised controlled trials containing data for 1117 participants were eligible for inclusion. 565 participants were randomised to receive the interventions, and 552 to the control. Seven of the ten trials reported a significant difference in adherence between the control and intervention groups favouring an additional digital intervention. Three trials reported equivalent findings. These three reported longer-term outcomes, suggesting an interaction between adherence and duration of intervention. There was substantial heterogeneity in outcome assessment metrics used across the trials prohibiting formal meta-analysis. This included studies were of low to moderate quality in terms of risk of bias.

Conclusion
The addition of a digital interventions to prescribed home exercise programmes can likely increase exercise adherence in the short term, with longer term effects less certain.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation under lower activated clotting time in a patient with hemorrhagic gastric cancer: a case report
Authors: Mitsuta Yuki , Oyoshi Takafumi , Nonaka Takahiro , Hirata Naoyuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Perioperative management of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with a high risk of bleeding requires careful consideration.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old man complained of chest pain and was admitted to our hospital. Close examination revealed severe aortic stenosis (AS) and hemorrhagic gastric cancer. Hemorrhage from gastric cancer was controlled using endoscopic hemostasis. While both gastric cancer and AS required surgery, we decided to perform transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) under monitored anesthesia. To reduce bleeding from gastric cancer, we carefully adjusted the heparin dose to maintain the activated clotting time (ACT) between 180 and 200 s. TAVI with a balloon-expandable valve was completed without thrombotic complications. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy was performed on the 6th day after TAVI.

Conclusions
We report the successful management of TAVI in a patient with hemorrhagic gastric cancer. In TAVI for patients with hemorrhagic diseases, careful consideration of antithrombotic therapy is required.
Understand group interaction and cognitive state in online collaborative problem solving: leveraging brain-to-brain synchrony data
Authors: Du Xu , Zhang Lizhao , Hung Jui-Long , Li Hao , Tang Hengtao , Xie Yiqian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study aimed to analyze the process of online collaborative problem solving (CPS) via brain-to-brain synchrony (BS) at the problem-understanding and problem-solving stages. Aiming to obtain additional insights than traditional approaches (survey and observation), BS refers to the synchronization of brain activity between two or more people, as an indicator of interpersonal interaction or common attention. Thirty-six undergraduate students participated. Results indicate the problem-understanding stage showed a higher level of BS than the problem-solving stage. Moreover, the level of BS at the problem-solving stage was significantly correlated with task performance. Groups with all high CPS skill students had the highest level of BS, while some of the mixed groups could achieve the same level of BS. BS is an effective indicator of CPS to group performance and individual interaction. Implications for the online CPS design and possible supports for the process of online CPS activity are also discussed.
The contribution of the 1H-MRS lipid signal to cervical cancer prognosis: a preliminary study
Authors: Dolciami Miriam , Canese Rossella , Testa Claudia , Pernazza Angelina , Santangelo Giusi , Palaia Innocenza , Rocca Carlo Della , Catalano Carlo , Manganaro Lucia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the lipid peak derived from 1H magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in assessing cervical cancer prognosis, particularly in assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).

Methods
We enrolled 17 patients with histologically proven cervical cancer who underwent 3-T MR imaging at baseline. In addition to conventional imaging sequences for pelvic assessment, the protocol included a single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence, with repetition time of 1,500 ms and echo times of 28 and 144 ms. Spectra were analysed using the LCModel fitting routine, thus extracting multiple metabolites, including lipids (Lip) and total choline (tCho). Patients with LACC were treated with NACT and reassessed by MRI at term. Based on tumour volume reduction, patients were classified as good responder (GR; tumour volume reduction > 50%) and poor responder or nonresponder (PR-or-NR; tumour volume reduction ≤ 50%).

Results
Of 17 patients, 11 were LACC. Of these 11, only 6 had both completed NACT and had good-quality 1H-MR spectra; 3 GR and 3 PR-or-NR. A significant difference in lipid values was observed in the two groups of patients, particularly with higher Lip values and higher Lip/tCho ratio in PR-NR patients (p =0.040). A significant difference was also observed in choline distribution (tCho), with higher values in GR patients (p = 0.040).

Conclusions
Assessment of lipid peak at 1H-MR spectroscopy could be an additional quantitative parameter in predicting the response to NACT in patients with LACC.
Inequities in rates of variceal screening examinations
Authors: Lucioni Tomas , Hines Cambridge , Witek Lauren , Rejeski Jared 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in screening for varices in patients with cirrhosis is well established. However, it is unknown how insurance status impacts the rate of variceal screening. Therefore, we examined an at-risk population to determine the effect of insurance status on the rate of variceal screening.

Results
Data were available on 111 patients who had an EGD ordered for variceal screening over this 18-month period. Analysis showed that six of sixteen (37.5%) uninsured patients versus sixty-three of ninety-five (66.4%) insured patients underwent EGD for screening purposes. Comparing these rates revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05, 95% CI 0.0841, 1.034). There were no significant differences comparing gender or ethnicity among the two groups. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of completing screening dependent on insurance status was 3.28 (95% CI 1.09–9.84, p = 0.03). These findings suggest that lack of insurance negatively affects EGD completion rates among the cirrhotic patient population.

Conclusions
This analysis suggests that lack of insurance adversely impacts variceal screening rates among patients with cirrhosis. Recognition of this disparity is an important first step in finding methods to deliver appropriate care to these patients, reduce avoidable adverse outcomes and decrease the high cost of hospitalization associated with this pathology.
Why cancer incidence in the Arab counties is much lower than other parts of the world?
Authors: Arafa Mostafa A. , Farhat Karim H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the relatively increased cancer incidence in the last few years in the Arab countries, it is still far from the figures reported from Western countries. Several mechanisms have been adopted to explain the significant decreased incidence of cancer in the Arab countries, among them fasting, food full of special recipes filled with spices, significant lower rates of smoking and alcohol drinking, and genetic predisposition. Clinical trials are warranted on a large population scales to study, discuss, and verify such mechanisms.
Application of 320-row multidetector free-breathing cine CT in diagnosis of pediatric expiratory central airway collapse
Authors: Elmeazawy Rehab Zaki , Mubarak Amr Ahmed , Fasseeh Nader Abdelmonem , Abdelrazik Ahmad Mohammed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Pediatric expiratory central airway collapse poses diagnostic challenge due to non-specific clinical presentation with further investigations needed for definite diagnosis. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 320-row multidetector free-breathing cine CT in diagnosis of pediatric expiratory central airway collapse utilizing its advantageous wide z-axis coverage. End-inspiratory and end-expiratory measurement of cross-sectional area at certain points of airway was done to calculate the percentage of expiratory central airway collapse. Flexible bronchoscopy was done thereafter as a gold standard technique for comparison.

Results
Among the thirty-eight pediatric patients (20 males and 18 females) enrolled in this study, free-breathing cine CT correctly diagnosed expiratory central airway collapse in 32 patients with a sensitivity of 84.2%. However, a statistically significant difference was found between the results of bronchoscopy and free-breathing cine CT as regard the site, morphology and severity of airway collapse.

Conclusions
320-row multidetector free-breathing cine CT is still considered an effective noninvasive imaging modality in diagnosis of expiratory central airway collapse in pediatric population, despite the differences in perceived morphology and severity when compared to flexible bronchoscopy.
A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of frontal networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder during cognitive reappraisal
Authors: De la Peña-Arteaga Víctor , Morgado Pedro , Couto Beatriz , Ferreira Sónia , Castro Inês , Sousa Nuno , Soriano-Mas Carles , Picó-Pérez Maria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) present difficulties in the cognitive regulation of emotions, possibly because of inefficient recruitment of distributed patterns of frontal cortex regions. The aim of the present study is to characterize the brain networks, and their dysfunctions, related to emotion regulation alterations observed during cognitive reappraisal in OCD.

Methods
Adult patients with OCD (n = 31) and healthy controls (HC; n = 30) were compared during performance of a functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive reappraisal protocol. We used a free independent component analysis approach to analyze network-level alterations during emotional experience and regulation. Correlations with behavioral scores were also explored.

Results
Analyses were focused on six networks encompassing the frontal cortex. OCD patients showed decreased activation of the frontotemporal network in comparison with HC (F(1,58) = 7.81, p = 0.007) during cognitive reappraisal. A similar trend was observed in the left frontoparietal network.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates that patients with OCD show decreased activation of specific networks implicating the frontal cortex during cognitive reappraisal. These outcomes should help to better characterize the psychological processes modulating fear, anxiety, and other core symptoms of patients with OCD, as well as the associated neurobiological alterations, from a system-level perspective.
Statins, Type 2 Diabetes, and Body Mass Index: A Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yang Guoyi , Schooling C Mary 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Statins and possibly other lipid modifiers increase type 2 diabetes risk and body mass index (BMI). However, to what extent BMI mediates the diabetogenic effects of lipid modifiers remains unclear.

Objective
We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the effects of commonly used lipid modifiers on type 2 diabetes risk and glycemic traits, and any mediation by BMI.

Methods
Using established genetic variants to mimic commonly used lipid modifiers (ie, statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and ezetimibe), we assessed their associations with type 2 diabetes risk, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and BMI in the largest relevant genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in people of European ancestry, and where possible, in East Asians. We used multivariable MR to examine the role of lipid modifiers independent of BMI.

Results
Genetically mimicked effects of statins and ezetimibe, but not PCSK9 inhibitors were associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.74 [95% CI, 1.49 to 2.03]; 1.92 [1.22 to 3.02]; 1.06 [0.87 to 1.29] per SD reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol). Of these lipid modifiers, only genetic mimics of statins were associated with higher BMI (0.33 SD [0.29 to 0.38] per SD reduction in LDL-cholesterol), which explained 54% of the total effect of statins on type 2 diabetes risk.

Conclusion
Higher BMI mediated more than half of the diabetogenic effects of statins, which did not extend to other commonly used lipid modifiers. Further investigations are needed to clarify drug-specific mechanisms underlying the effects of lipid modifiers on type 2 diabetes.
Metabolic Efficacy of Time-Restricted Eating in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Lili , Chen Wei , Wu Dan , Hu Fang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextTime-restricted eating (TRE), which restricts food intake to a limited duration of the day, is a key regimen of intermittent fasting.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to provide an up-to-date meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of TRE on weight loss and other metabolic-related parameters in adults.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published before February 26, 2022. Study duration of TRE was at least 4 weeks. Body weight and other metabolic-related continuous parameters were described as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% CI.ResultsSeventeen randomized controlled trials involving 899 participants were analyzed. The pooled meta-analysis has shown that TRE contributed to a significant decrease in body weight with a WMD of −1.60 kg (95% CI −2.27 to −0.93) and fat mass with WMD −1.48 kg (95% CI −1.59 to −1.38). Subgroup analysis showed that TRE could reduce body weight and fat mass especially in overweight participants with WMD −1.43 kg (95% CI −2.05 to −0.81) and −1.56 kg (95% CI −1.67 to −1.44), respectively. TRE also showed beneficial effects on the lipid spectrum in overweight participants, including decreased levels of triglyceride (WMD −12.71 mg/dL, 95% CI −24.9 to −0.52), total cholesterol (WMD −6.45 mg/dL, 95% CI −7.40 to −5.49), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD −7.0 mg/dL, 95% CI −9.74 to −4.25). However, compared with control, TRE had no significant effects on waist circumference, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, or blood pressure.ConclusionThis updated meta-analysis found that TRE may be an effective approach to improve the metabolic state of nonobese subjects, especially in overweight participants.