bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of dystocia at piglet level in cloprostenol-induced farrowings and associated risk factors
Authors: Nam Nguyen Hoai , Sukon Peerapol 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Few studies have investigated risk factors for dystocia in swine, although this birthing abnormality can compromise welfare of both sows and piglets by increasing stillbirth rate and decreasing sow productivity. This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with dystocia at piglet level in cloprostenol-induced farrowings. A dystocia event was recorded when a birth interval exceeded 45 min or when manual extraction was applied. Data were collected from 898 piglets born from 77 Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows, which were induced for farrowing on day 114 of gestation. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to evaluate the association between dystocia and parity, gestation length, litter size, relative birth order (RBO (%) = 100 ⋅ birth order/litter size), birth weight, crown rump length, body mass index, ponderal index, piglet's sex, use of oxytocin, and stillbirth. Sows nested in farrowing batches were fitted as random factors in GLMMs. Incidence of dystocia at piglet and farrowing levels was 11.0 % and 75.3 %, respectively. The final multivariate model explained 20.1 % variation of dystocia. RBO had a quadratic effect on dystocia in which incidence of dystocia decreased from RBO ≤ 40 % to RBO = 60 %–70 %, and then increased to the end of parturition. Piglets with birth weight > 1700 g and stillborn piglets had higher odds of dystocia in comparison with piglets with a birth weight of 900–1700 g (OR = 2.63; 95 % CI = 1.66–4.18) and live-born piglets (OR = 2.62; 95 % CI = 1.12–6.15), respectively. This study indicates that dystocia is very common in cloprostenol-induced farrowings and suggests that the last one-third of parturitions is the most important stage to be supervised, and selection for homogenous litters and moderate high birth weight may reduce the rate of dystocia.
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the coastal Sea of Japan inferred from 15 years of measurements of stable isotope ratios of Calanus sinicus
Authors: Nakamura Ken-ichi , Nishimoto Atsushi , Yasui-Tamura Saori , Kogure Yoichi , Nakae Misato , Iguchi Naoki , Morimoto Haruyuki , Kodama Taketoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Both nitrogen and carbon dynamics have changed in the Sea of
Japan. We hypothesized that the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios
(δ13C and δ15N) of the copepod Calanus sinicus could record
changes in the coastal environment of the Sea of Japan. Consequently, these
isotope ratios were monitored during the spring at four stations from 2006
to 2020 to identify the changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics. The δ13C values ranged from −24.7 ‰ to −15.0 ‰ and
decreased from the spring bloom (February–March) to the post-bloom
(June–July) seasons. These variations were attributed to changes in the
physiology of both C. sinicus and phytoplankton δ13C contents. The
δ15N values range from 2.8 ‰ to 8.8 ‰,
indicating that C. sinicus is a secondary producer; the tendency of the δ15N values to increase from the bloom to the post-bloom seasons was
attributable to an increase in the δ15N of phytoplankton. A
generalized linear model (GLM) approach indicated that >70 %
of the variations in δ13C can be explained by sea surface
temperature (SST), sea surface chlorophyll a concentration (SSC),
carbon:nitrogen ratio of C. sinicus (C/N ratio), and geographic differences. The
residuals of δ13C in the GLM decreased yearly
(−0.035 ‰ yr−1). The GLM for δ15N
of C. sinicus indicated that δ15N varies with the stage or sex in addition
to SST, SSC, C/N ratio, and geographic differences. The δ15N
values of female C. sinicus and stage V copepodites were the lowest and highest,
respectively. The residuals of δ15N in the GLM did not exhibit
a significant interannual trend. These results suggest that the carbon
isotope ratio in the secondary producer has linearly changed in the coastal
Sea of Japan over the past 15 years. Moreover, the changes in carbon
dynamics of this area have been recorded and observed to impact the marine
ecosystem, while the nitrogen dynamics have not been recorded despite the
increasing nitrogenous nutrient inputs in this sea.
Parámetros históricos y jurídicos, romanos y medievales, para la protección de recursos naturales
Authors: Suárez Blázquez Guillermo 
Published: March 2022

Estudio de los fundamentos y los materiales históricos y jurídicos, romanos y medievales, para la protección universal de los recursos naturales.
Sumario: I. Introducción. I.1 Ius Naturale: recursos y cosas «quaedam enim naturali iure communia sunt omnium». I.2 Perspectiva de la jurisprudencia romanaI.2.1 Ius Gentium: recursos y cosas omnes gentes iure utuntur. I.2.1.1 Roma y los recursos públicos: la intervención jurídica del Estado en los bienes comunesuniversales de la humanidad. II. La idea jurídica de la defensa de los intereses patrimoniales comunes de la humanidad en el derecho medieval. II.1 La idea jurídica de la defensa de los intereses patrimoniales comunes en el derecho visigodo. II.2 La idea jurídica de la defensa de los intereses patrimoniales comunes de la humanidad en el derecho medieval de Las Siete Partidas. III. La protección del uso colectivo de los recursos naturales en la Inglaterra Medieval: La Carta Magna de 1215.
La imperial Constitución de Inglaterra para sus eminentes juristas victorianos
Authors: Vallejo García-Hevia José María 
Published: March 2022

El constitucionalismo británico, basado en una Constitución no escrita, la de la Inglaterra medieval y moderna, que por ello necesariamente ha de ser descrita, al identificarse con su compleja Historia constitucional requiere de mediación interpretativa doctrinal. Una interpretación que se consolidó en el siglo xix, durante el largo reinado de Victoria (1837-1901), y que, en líneas generales, se mantiene prácticamente hasta nuestros días. La obra de dos influyentes juristas victorianos, estrictamente coetáneos en sus vidas paralelas, el constitucionalista Albert Venn Dicey (1835-1922), y el internacionalista James Bryce (1838-1922), promotor de la Sociedad de Naciones (1919- 1946), permite conocer los fundamentos y los límites de dicha doctrina constitucional, basada en la soberanía parlamentaria y el imperio de la ley (rule of law). Ambos miembros de la generación de liberales universitarios actualizaron e hicieron uso de la vieja teoría, tan difusa como confusa, de los caracteres nacionales, desvelando, así, la lógica jurídica y política del poder de los imperios, con su consideración adjetiva, que no sustantiva, de las libertades individuales. Considerado el imperialismo británico un resultado directo el carácter nacional, con su retórica sobre la misión civilizadora, ello propició que fuese estimado el Common Law como parte del carácter nacional británico frente al despótico Droit Administratif francés. Aunque partidario Bryce de una reforma federal del Imperio, frente a Dicey que la negaba, ambos autores evidenciaron, sin embargo, cuáles eran los límites constitucionales victorianos, al desconocer, desestimar o mostrarse contrarios al sufragio femenino, el ascenso del colectivismo en la legislación, la cuestión social y la movilización obrera, la actividad sindical, la lucha de clases, la reforma del colonialismo, la ilegitimidad de los regímenes autocráticos extranjeros, la creciente complejidad burocrática y gubernativa, la imparable imposición de la sociedad de masas y su opinión pública, la influencia del sistema de partidos y la democracia de masas en el Parlamento, la corrupción y el fraude electoral, o la crisis de la representación y la profesionalización políticas.
Identitas Yesus Sebagai Anak Allah Menurut Lukas 3:21-22
Authors: Mayabubun Liberatus , Luturmas Johanis 
Published: March 2022

This essay discusses the identity of Jesus as the Son of God according to Luke 3:21-22. By using the historical-critical method, the author intends to underline the main message of Luke 3:21-22 that witnesses Jesus Christ as the Son of God. His identity comes from God Himself. At the baptism in the Jordan river, God declared before many people that Jesus was His beloved Son. The identity of Jesus as the Son of God reveals a special relationship between Jesus and His Father. The relationship is not a biological relationship between father and son, but a divine one. Jesus is the Son of God who was anointed to bring salvation to mankind.
Analisis Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Khoirudin Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

Covid-19 adalah virus baru yang awalnya muncul di Wuhan, China. Covid-19 telah menjadi musibah bersama, termasuk Indonesia dan terkhusus provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan: 1) Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Dimana pada tahun 2020 pertumbuhan ekonomi Provinsi Sumatera Selatan turun hingga -0,11 dari angka 5,96 di tahun 2019. 2) Covid-19 perpengaruh positif terhadap kemiskinan dimana pandemi covid-19 meningkatkan jumlah kemiskinan dan pengangguran, sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa pandemi ini berdampak negatif terhadap perekonomian.
Covid-19 is a new virus that originally appeared in Wuhan, China. Covid-19 has become a common disaster, including Indonesia and in particular the province of South Sumatra. This research resulted in: 1) The Covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the economic growth of South Sumatra Province. Where in 2020 the economic growth of South Sumatra Province fell to -0.11 from 5.96 in 2019. 2) Covid-19 has a positive effect on poverty where the Covid-19 pandemic increases the number of poverty and unemployment, so it can be interpreted that this pandemic negative impact on the economy.
الاختلاف في التفسير: مفهومه، نشأته، وتطوره (دراسة تحليلية تاريخيه)
Authors: Abdul Rasheed  , Dr. Fazli Dayan  
Published: March 2022

Indeed, Allah, the exalted has revealed His book to the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and made it a proof of Prophetic authenticity. Almighty Allah, for the service of His book, created numerous people who spent their lives to elucidate the meanings and purposes of the holy Qur’ān according to their deductive and extractive capabilities. It is worth mentioning that the verses of the holy Qur’ān are of two types; one is unalterably fixed (muḥkam) which has a clearer meaning and cannot be subject to change or abrogation. While the other is unintelligible (mutashābih) this has multiple intending and subject to further investigation. In which the intellect, rational and logical understanding has a significant role to play for the suspension and otherwise the Lawgiver’s intention. And thus, in this case, juristic personal inferences can be expanded to various connotations for clarity or ambiguity to establish a real and ultimately required prescription. Resultantly, this breadth caused diversity among the Qur’ānic exegeses. Therefore, the present study provides a historical overview of disagreement(s) between the Qurānic commentators of the classical Islamic era; to let the readers know whether such discrepancy has arisen from assorted documented scientific and interpretational reasons? Or whether their dissension is based on their desires, incongruity, stinginess, haughtiness, or something that is a result of fanaticism and zealotry? Consequently, this research presents the origin and development of the disparity in Qur’ānic interpretation. Similarly, it also shed light on the aspect of those who laid the foundations of this field. More particularly, the companions, their successors and those who followed them in performing the duty of discernment miscellaneous meanings of the holy Qur’ān; make personal inferences by meditating Qur’ānic verses juristically, lexically and syntactically. Correspondingly, the breadth of ideas about the development of time; diverseness because of the dissimilar events along with the history of dissonance(s) in Qur’ānic interpretation keeping in view various periods and the stages of its emergence will be the center of debate in this article.
Heart Intelligence from Quran and Science: An Integrated Approach for the Evolution of Enlightened Self in the Society
Authors: Iram Gillani  , Amber Ferdoos  
Published: March 2022

This qualitative research paper has presented the theoretical underpinning of heart intelligence from the Quranic and scientific perspectives. Epistemological reductionism is the methodology used in this research which is an integrated approach for a thorough understanding of mechanisms that generates and maintains the connections between heart intelligence, self, society, nature, and God from the interdisciplinary perspectives. This research has explained three elements of the heart intelligence named, emotional, rational and spiritual according to their functions. These elements of the heart intelligence are explained from the verses of the Quran and scientific evidence is also provided. Realignment of the individual thoughts patterns with the heart intelligence is fundamental to peace, harmony and wellbeing at the individual, societal and global level. Through this Divine inner guiding system, individuals can understand the challenges of life and acquire true wisdom. This research affirms that the socialization of heart intelligence will bring new more creative ways of thinking about the nature of reality and create the possibility for self-empowered existence where individuals in the society have enormous influence over their lives with an optimistic approach.
Diurnal variation of Upper Air Temperatures over India
Authors: RANGARAJAN S. , SIKKA D. R. 
Published: March 2022

A statistical study of the diurnal variation of upper air temperatures over India is made utilising radiosonde data of four stations for four standard hours of the day and covering four representative months. A marked difference in the pattern of diurnal variation is found between a continental station like New Delhi and the three coastal stations Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Significant diurnal variations are found over New Delhi only upto 1 to 3 km depending on the season, the mean daily range being about 1 to 2° C in most cases. On the other hand, diurnal variations at the coastal stations extend higher upto 4-6 km, the amplitudes being of the same order. Apparent diurnal variations found at still higher levels are probably due to inadequacy of radiation corrections. Nocturnal cooling of the atmosphere between 600 and 400-mb levels is found to be in the range of 0.1 to 0.15{ per.
Seismic Waves from high yield Atmospheric Explosions
Authors: TANDON A. N. , CHAUDHURY H. M. 
Published: March 2022

High yield test nuclear explosions in the atmosphere carried out in 1962 by the U.S.S.R. over Novaya Zemlya were well recorded by the seismographs at Delhi. The paper presents a study of these records. Long period Rayleigh waves were the most prominent and could be detected for most of the explosions was about 20 megatons or more. Aprominent wave recorded on most of the days has been shown to be the Sa (Caloi) wave and has been discussed at some length.

M2-waves in the range of periods 8-15 seconds could be clearly detected. The records also show the presence of longer period M2 waves, which have been analysed. Dispersion of these M2 wave as also of Rayleigh waves has been studies and it is estimated that the thickness of the average continental crust along the path (Novaya Zemlya-Delhi) is 45 km whereas that under the mountain range across the path is 55-60km.

The pressure wave traveling with the speed of sound was well recorded on a number of days. These waves show clear normal dispersion. Results derived from the records of the vertical component seismograph compare well with earlier experimental and theoretical results. The response of the horizontal component seismographs to these waves appears to be due to ground tilt caused by the propagation of the pressure wave.
Solar Terrestrial Relationships
Authors: TANDON J. N. 
Published: March 2022

The identification of moderate geomagnetic activity with various solar regions has been discussed in the light of the long sequences of annual variation (30 to -50 solar rotations) obtained from the analysis of geomagnetic activity of the low sunspot activity periods 1920-24, 1930-34, 1940-44 (no long sequences) and 1950-54 and solar axial hypothesis. On the basis of these identifications it is shown that the geomagnetic activity can broadly be grouped in three heads-(l) Intense geomagnetic storms, (2) disturbed M -storms and (3) quiet M-storms.

Various features of these geomagnetic storms are qualitatively explained from the focussing of solar-ion streams taking account of the local and general solar a It is found that the streams emerging from the solar regions of large magnetic field may get dispersed, while they may come out in the form of concentrated streams from quiet solar regions which do not possess large magnetic fields. Further qualitative explanation for the formation of coronal plumes near the Sunspots and of coronal streamers around the sunspot minima have also been given.
Solution of Software Requirement Issues in Software Organizations
Authors: Taimoor Hassan  
Published: March 2022

A framework is shown in this paper to discuss the issue and solution of software requirements in a software organization. This problem is solved by using a specific framework that based on different steps. Solve the issues of software requirement with the help of this step process and finally, we have a result that is purified from issues. The process is defined as set the purpose and goals, gathering the requirements, engineering the requirement, modeling the requirement, validate or verify the overall requirement in requirement phase, requirement documentation, and management of requirement. The given methodology uses a technique that is specially constructed for the solution of software requirement issues in a software organization. The given approach is based on extracting the information from software requirements and solves their different issues. This approach will very helpful in the organizations that face many problems in software quirements.
MODERN STATUS OF PROBLEMS OF TREATMENT OF SUFFERING WITH HEAVY INTRASED FRACTURES OF DISTAL METEEPYPHISIS OF THE BOLSHEBERTSE BONE (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Authors: Якимов Л.А.¹. , Слиняков Л.Ю.¹. , Кащеев А.А.². , Симонян А.Г.¹. , Наниев С.О.³. 
Published: March 2022

Актуальность диагностики и лечения пострадавших с тяжелыми внутрисуставными переломами дистального метаэпифиза большеберцовой кости (далее – ДМЭБК) определяется, в первую очередь, большим удельным весом неудовлетворительных анатомо-функциональных результатов, достигающим у пациентов этой категории, по данным различных авторов, 15 – 28% [1, 2].
The urgency of diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe intraarticular fractures of the distal metaepiphysis of the tibia (hereinafter - DMT) is determined, first of all, by the high specific gravity of unsatisfactory anatomical and functional results, reaching 15-28% in patients of this category, according to different authors.
Lokale beleidsvrijheid: geven en nemen?
Authors: De Roover Jolijn , Wynen Jan , Van Dooren Wouter , Boon Jan 
Published: March 2022

Local policy freedom: give and take? About the relationship between formal policy freedom, administrative capacity, scale and political change
Local policy freedom is often equated with the formal policy freedom of municipalities and thus with the formal boundaries that determine the local playing field. In this article, we question this approach. It is not clear to what extent formal policy freedom is a good measure for the ‘real’ policy freedom of municipalities, and thus for the policy freedom that municipalities use in policy implementation. Does more formal policy freedom necessarily lead to more used policy freedom? Moreover, not every municipality uses formal policy freedom in the same way. To indicate variance in policy discretion used, reference is often made to official capacity, scale and political changes. However, it is unclear to what extent these variables have an impact on local policy freedom. The authors investigate the link between formal and used policy freedom, official capacity, scale and political change on the basis of Flemish policy reform. Based on an analysis of financial data, they conclude that more formal policy freedom can be an incentive for more used policy freedom, but also that the explanatory power of administrative capacity, scale and political change is limited. In both research and policy, we need more attention for the value of social interaction, soft skills and networking.
A importância das cidades médias e pequenas no ensino de geografia e as políticas curriculares
Authors: Silva André de Paula , Azevedo Sandra de Castro de 
Published: March 2022

O Brasil possui uma quantidade significativa de cidades médias e pequenas. No entanto, a vivência da sala de aula enquanto professor de geografia mostrou que elas, geralmente, não são abordadas no ensino de Geografia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) possibilita a abordagem da temática sobre cidades médias e pequenas no ensino de Geografia. Para alcançar este objetivo, com base no método materialista histórico dialético, utilizou-se como técnicas as análises bibliográfica e documental e aplicação de questionário via e-mail aos professores de Geografia da cidade média de Alfenas e da cidade pequena de Paraguaçu, ambas no Sul de Minas Gerais. Constatou-se que, em nível federal, as realidades dessas cidades são desconsideradas, prevalecendo um enfoque das escalas nacionais e globais. Dessa maneira foi possível constatar que a BNCC aborda um nacional que não representa a realidade de todo o território brasileiro e que também não é organizada de forma que estimule o professor a realizar uma abordagem mais explícita de cidades médias e pequenas.