bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De-Coloniality and De-Minoritization of Indigenous Cultural Heritage in Africa: An Exploration of Nambya Religion
Authors: Zivave Wilson 
Published: October 2022

Scholarship on indigenous populations has tended to downplay the importance of minority cultural heritage. In this article I explore how colonialism, Christianity and ethnicity have colluded in ensuring that indigenous cultural heritage of minority groups is diluted, compromised and disfigured. This has led to the identity loss and cultural circumcision of minority groups like the Nambya people in Zimbabwe. Drawing on religious-ethnographic research of the Nambya I argue that Nambyan culture have been treated as the “other”. I contend that by exploring the role of colonialism, Christianity and ethnicity dominance in impacting on the loss of the rich religious heritage of the Nambyan ethnic group. There are factors which minoritise the other in order to dominate the cultural and religious spaces in multicultural society. I demonstrate that minoritisation of ethnic groups like the Nambya have resulted in the cementing of colonial hegemony and ethnic dominance of the Shona and Ndebele. Lastly I recommend that de-minoritisation of Nambyan beliefs system is imperative as part of the wider efforts to preserve the cultural heritage of people who are marginalised because of ethnicity.
Astroturfing e debate político espanhol nas redes sociais: um estudo de caso
Authors: Arce-García Sergio , Said-Hung Elias 
Published: October 2022

O objetivo do trabalho é estimar a utilização do astroturfing, como estratégia para promover debates políticos em Espanha, por meio do Twitter. Um total de 89.528 twits associados ao debate gerado em torno das férias do primeiro vice-presidente e da ministra da igualdade do governo da Espanha, Pablo Iglesias e Irene Montero, são coletados e analisados entre 14 e 20 de agosto de 2020. O caso estudado permite ver um cenário político não eleitoral onde mensagens baseadas em astroturfing e nanoinfluenciadores são expostas, capazes de distribuir, amplificar e inundar redes sociais, como o Twitter, com conteúdo desinformativo e confrontacional.
Inserções, identidades e competências dos sociólogos em Portugal
Authors: Abrantes Pedro , Banha Rui , Ramos Madalena , Aníbal Alexandra , Urze Paula 
Published: October 2022

O artigo procura contribuir para o conhecimento e a reflexão acerca das identidades e representações profissionais dos sociólogos per se e na relação com os outros profissionais, no quadro das dinâmicas organizacionais. Para isso, retoma algumas questões de fundo sobre o desenvolvimento deste campo em Portugal, analisando as respostas ao inquérito “Competências e Práticas Profissionais dos Diplomados em Sociologia”, lançado em 2019. Explora, assim, o efeito de diferenças geracionais, de percurso formativo e de inserção profissional (dentro e fora da academia) no posicionamento dos indivíduos, em termos de identidade e representações, nomeadamente quanto ao que significa ser sociólogo.
Stigma and its associated factors among patients with COVID-19 in Dhaka City: evidence from a cross-sectional investigation
Authors: Kibria Md. Golam , Islam Taslima , Islam Md. Tajul , Kabir Russell , Ahmed Shakil , Sultana Papia 
Published: October 2022

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant disease pandemic. Dhaka City alone has contributed about one-third to the total COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh. Globally, patients with infectious diseases, including COVID-19, experience stigma. There was no quantitative estimate of stigma experienced by patients with COVID-19 in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stigma and its associated factors among patients with COVID-19 in Dhaka.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 respondents aged 18 years or older who had been hospitalized or had stayed at home and were tested negative 15 days to 6 months before the day of data collection. Data collection was done through in-person and telephone interviews using a semi-structured survey questionnaire. A 15-item COVID-19-related stigma scale questionnaire was used to assess stigma. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of stigma.

Results
More than half (53.1%) of the respondents experienced stigma when they were COVID-19 positive. Females were at a 3.24 times higher risk of experiencing stigma than their male counterparts. Respondents from the 60+ age group and 40–59 age group were 63.0% and 48.0% less likely to experience stigma than those from the 18–39 age group. Non-hospitalised patients had 1.67 times higher odds of facing stigma than those hospitalised.

Conclusions
This study reported a high prevalence of stigma among the patients with COVID-19 in Dhaka City. The current evidence base of stigma experience among patients with COVID-19 offers a solid foundation for creating effective strategies and policies and designing appropriate interventions to counter stigma, which will improve the psychological well-being of patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh.
Genomic differences between sequence types 1 and 104 of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2
Authors: Kerdsin Anusak , Takeuchi Dan , Akeda Yukihiro , Nakamura Shota , Gottschalk Marcelo , Oishi Kazunori 
Published: October 2022

Background
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause invasive infections in humans who are in close contact with infected pigs or contaminated pork-derived products. S. suis serotype 2 sequence type (ST) 1 strains are mostly associated with meningitis, whereas ST104 strains are mostly recovered from sepsis cases in humans. No data are available for comparison of the ST1 and ST104 strains at the genomic level, particularly concerning virulence-associated genes. Thus, genomic comparison of both STs was performed in this study.

Methods
An ST1 isolate (ID26154) from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with meningitis and an ST104 isolate (ID24525) from the blood of a patient with sepsis were subjected to shotgun pyrosequencing using the 454 GS Junior System. Genomic comparison was conducted between the ST1 isolate and the ST104 isolate using the Artemis Comparison Tool (ACT) to identify the region of differences (RDs) between ST1 and ST104.

Results
Fifty-eight RDs were unique to the ST104 genome and were mainly involved in metabolism and cell functional activities, cell wall anchored proteins, bacteriophages and mobile genetic elements, ABC-type transporters, two-component signal transductions, and lantibiotic proteins. Some virulence genes mostly found in ST1 strains were also present in the ST104 genome. Whole-genome comparison is a powerful tool for identifying genomic region differences between different STs of S. suis serotype 2, leading to the identification of the molecular basis of virulence involved in the pathogenesis of the infection.
Use of the Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Diagnosis Code in Routine Clinical Practice in the US
Authors: McGrath Leah J. , Scott Amie M. , Surinach Andy , Chambers Richard , Benigno Michael , Malhotra Deepa 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceA new International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis code (U09.9 Post COVID-19 condition, unspecified) was introduced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on October 1, 2021.ObjectiveTo examine the use of the U09.9 code and describe concurrently diagnosed conditions to understand physician use of this code in clinical practice.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study of US patients with an ICD-10-CM code for post–COVID-19 condition used deidentified patient-level claims data aggregated by HealthVerity. Children and adolescents (aged 0-17 years) and adults (aged 18-64 and ≥65 years) with a post–COVID-19 condition code were identified between October 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022. To identify a prior COVID-19 diagnosis, 3 months of continuous enrollment (CE) before the post–COVID-19 diagnosis date was required.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPresence of the ICD-10-CM U09.9 code.ResultsThere were 56 143 patients (7723 female patients [61.2%]; mean [SD] age, 47.6 [19.2] years) with a post–COVID-19 diagnosis code, with cases increasing in mid-December 2021 following the trajectory of the Omicron case wave by 3 to 4 weeks. The analysis cohort included 12 622 patients after the 3-month preindex CE criteria was applied. Among this cohort, the median (IQR) age was 49 (35-61) years; however, 1080 (8.6%) were pediatric patients. The U09.9 code was used most often in the outpatient setting, although 305 older adults (14.0%) were inpatients. Only 698 patients (5.5%) had at least 1 of the 5 codes listed as possible concurrent conditions in the coding guidance. Only 8879 patients (70.4%) had a documented acute COVID-19 diagnosis code (569 [52.7%] among children), and the median (IQR) time between acute COVID-19 and post–COVID-19 diagnosis codes was 56 (21-200) days. The most common concurrently coded conditions varied by age; children experienced COVID-19–like symptoms (eg, 207 [19.2%] had cough and 115 [10.6%] had breathing abnormalities), while 459 older adults aged 65 years or older (21.1%) experienced respiratory failure and 189 (8.7%) experienced viral pneumonia.Conclusions and RelevanceThis retrospective cohort study found patients with a post–COVID-19 ICD-10-CM diagnosis code following the acute phase of COVID-19 disease among patients of all ages in clinical practice in the US. The use of the U09.9 code encompassed a wide range of conditions. It will be important to monitor how the use of this code changes as the pandemic continues to evolve.
Septoplasty Revision Rates in Pediatric vs Adult Populations
Authors: Shah Jay P. , Youn Gun Min , Wei Eric X. , Kandathil Cherian , Most Sam P. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceAlthough septal deviations are highly prevalent in the pediatric population and pediatric septoplasties are garnering more discussion, to date, there are no large-scale studies characterizing pediatric septoplasty revision rates.ObjectiveTo identify rates of pediatric septoplasty revision in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, observational cohort study used administrative claims data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database (which contains inpatient and outpatient data for millions of patients and dependents covered by employer-sponsored private health insurance in the US) to identify patients undergoing septoplasty between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016. Patients 18 years or younger were included in the study as the pediatric cohort, and patients aged 19 to 65 years were included as the adult cohort for comparison. Patients were excluded if the initial surgery included rhinoplasty, nasal vestibular stenosis, or costal cartilage grafts or if the second surgery did not have nasal vestibular stenosis, septoplasty, rhinoplasty, and/or cartilage grafts.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included septoplasty revision rate, septoplasty-to-rhinoplasty conversion rate, and associated risks for revision surgery. Collected data were analyzed between January 1 and July 30, 2022ResultsA total of 24 322 pediatric patients (mean [SD] age, 15.7 [2.5] years; 15 121 boys [62.2%]) who underwent an initial septoplasty were identified, of whom 704 (2.9%) received a revision. In the adult cohort of 286 218 patients (mean [SD] age, 41.4 [12.2] years; 162 893 [56.9%] men), 3081 individuals (1.1%) received a revision. Within the pediatric revision group, 66 patients (9.4%) received a rhinoplasty vs 162 (5.3%) in the adult revision group. All pediatric age groups had higher revision rates than the adult population, with the 9- to 13-year-old group having the highest rates of revision (118 of 2763 [4.3%]). Patients in the West and Northeast, along with those with point of service and health maintenance organization health plans, were more likely to receive a revision.Conclusion and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that pediatric patients are more likely to receive a revision surgery than their adult counterparts. Furthermore, pediatric patients are more likely than adults to receive a rhinoplasty as their revision surgery. These findings provide valuable information that may be used to inform clinical decision-making, although further research is needed to better identify the causes for pediatric septoplasty revision.
Multiplayer zero‐sum games optimal control for modular robot manipulators with interconnected dynamic couplings
Authors: Zhu Xinye , An Tianjiao , Dong Bo 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThis article presents a multiplayer zero‐sum game optimal control for modular robot manipulators (MRMs) via adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). The dynamic model of MRMs with interconnected dynamic couplings (IDCs) is formulated. The control law and IDC effect are regarded as players in each module. The optimal tracking control problem of the MRM system can be transformed into a multiplayer zero‐sum game. Base on ADP algorithm, the Hamilton–Jacobi–Issacs (HJI) equation is solved via critic neural network. Then, the optimal control law can be derivated. The closed‐loop robotic system is proved to be asymptotic stable and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the control method.
Pre‐Training of Equivariant Graph Matching Networks with Conformation Flexibility for Drug Binding
Authors: Wu Fang , Jin Shuting , Jiang Yinghui , Jin Xurui , Tang Bowen , Niu Zhangming , Liu Xiangrong , Zhang Qiang , Zeng Xiangxiang , Li Stan Z. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe latest biological findings observe that the motionless “lock‐and‐key” theory is not generally applicable and that changes in atomic sites and binding pose can provide important information for understanding drug binding. However, the computational expenditure limits the growth of protein trajectory‐related studies, thus hindering the possibility of supervised learning. A spatial‐temporal pre‐training method based on the modified equivariant graph matching networks, dubbed ProtMD which has two specially designed self‐supervised learning tasks: atom‐level prompt‐based denoising generative task and conformation‐level snapshot ordering task to seize the flexibility information inside molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories with very fine temporal resolutions is presented. The ProtMD can grant the encoder network the capacity to capture the time‐dependent geometric mobility of conformations along MD trajectories. Two downstream tasks are chosen to verify the effectiveness of ProtMD through linear detection and task‐specific fine‐tuning. A huge improvement from current state‐of‐the‐art methods, with a decrease of 4.3% in root mean square error for the binding affinity problem and an average increase of 13.8% in the area under receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the precision‐recall curve for the ligand efficacy problem is observed. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the magnitude of conformation's motion in the 3D space and the strength with which the ligand binds with its receptor.
Trial designs and endpoints for immune therapies in multiple myeloma
Authors: Lancman Guido , Moshier Erin , Cho Hearn Jay , Parekh Samir , Richard Shambavi , Richter Joshua , Rodriguez Cesar , Rossi Adriana , Sanchez Larysa , Jagannath Sundar , Chari Ajai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmune therapies, including CAR‐T cells, bispecific antibodies, and antibody‐drug conjugates, are revolutionizing the treatment of multiple myeloma. In this review, we discuss clinical trial design considerations relevant to immune therapies. We first examine issues pertinent to specific populations, including elderly, patients with renal impairment, high‐risk/extramedullary disease, and prior immune therapies. We then highlight trial designs to optimize the selection of dose and schedule, explore rational combination therapies based on preclinical data, and evaluate the nuances of commonly used endpoints. By exploiting their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles and utilizing novel translational insights, we can optimize the use of immune therapies in multiple myeloma.
The association of 25 (OH) D3 serum level with ischemic cerebrovascular accident risk, severity and outcome in Iranian population
Authors: Eghbali Babak Bakhshayesh , Ramezani Sara , Alavi Cyrus Emir , Ghayeghran Amir Reza , Herfeh Sina Sedaghat , Atefi Amirhomayoun , Limouei Sepideh Rahimi , Ansar Malek Moein 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe role of combined presence of vitamin D deficiency and other risk factors of stroke in ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) development in Iranian adults has been unclear, so far. The association of vitamin D status at admission with ischemic CVA severity and outcome in this community is not yet well elucidated. This study aimed to clarify these ambiguities.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study 104 hospitalized ischemic CVA patients and 104 healthy controls participated. The serum level of 25 (OH) D3 and baseline biochemical parameters were measured in ischemic patients within the first 24 h of admission, as well as healthy controls. The severity of CVA and clinical outcome were assessed using National Institutes Health Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Chi‐square test, independent t‐test, and multiple logistic regression.ResultsThere was a significant difference between patients and controls regarding the presence of vitamin D3 deficiency, hypertension, smoking, and baseline level of LDL and FBS. Vitamin D3 deficiency boosted the risk of ischemic in males and those having family history of CVA. A low serum level of 25 (OH) D3 was associated with more severity and poor outcome of CVA. The CVA severity, vitamin D3 deficiency, and hypertension were predictors of poor outcome.ConclusionsThe study highlights the increased risk of ischemia in Iranians by cooccurrence of vitamin D3 deficiency and other risk factors of CVA. Clinical significance of vitamin D3 deficiency control may be suggested in those at risk of CVA and functional poor outcomes.
Expedient Synthesis of a Library of Heparan Sulfate‐Like “Head‐to‐Tail” Linked Multimers for Structure and Activity Relationship Studies**
Authors: Zhang Jicheng , Liang Li , Yang Weizhun , Ramadan Sherif , Baryal Kedar , Huo Chang‐Xin , Bernard Jamie J. , Liu Jian , Hsieh‐Wilson Linda , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Huang Xuefei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) plays important roles in many biological processes. The inherent complexity of naturally existing HS has severely hindered the thorough understanding of their structure‐activity relationship. To facilitate biological studies, a new strategy has been developed to synthesize a HS‐like pseudo‐hexasaccharide library, where HS disaccharides were linked in a “head‐to‐tail” fashion from the reducing end of a disaccharide module to the non‐reducing end of a neighboring module. Combinatorial syntheses of 27 HS‐like pseudo‐hexasaccharides were achieved. This new class of compounds bound with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) with similar structure‐activity trends as HS oligosaccharides bearing native glycosyl linkages. The ease of synthesis and the ability to mirror natural HS activity trends suggest that the new head‐to‐tail linked pseudo‐oligosaccharides could be an exciting tool to facilitate the understanding of HS biology.
Abbildung des Photoelektronen‐Zirkulardichroismus im Detachment massenselektierter, chiraler Anionen
Authors: Triptow Jenny , Fielicke André , Meijer Gerard , Green Mallory 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotoelektronen‐Zirkulardichroismus (im folgenden PECD, nach der englischen Bezeichnung) zeigt sich als eine Vorwärts‐Rückwärts‐Asymmetrie in der Photoemission nicht‐razemischer Proben, ausgelöst durch zirkular polarisiertes Licht. Gegenüber anderen chiroptischen Methoden hat die PECD‐Spektroskopie potentielle analytische Vorteile bei der Differenzierung chiraler Substanzen, da sie sehr sensitiv auf das chirale Potential von Molekülen ist. Anionen können für die PECD‐Spektroskopie entsprechend ihrer Masse selektiert werden und ihr Einsatz eröffnet Wege zu einfachen experimentellen Aufbauten, die auf handlichen (table‐top) Lasern basieren. Die Nachweise für den PECD von Anionen sind noch rar und das genaue Verständnis der Triebkräfte, welche die PECD‐Elektronendynamik im Photodetachment bestimmen, sind unklar. Hier zeigen wir den PECD‐Effekt im Photodetachment von massenselektierten, deprotonierten 1‐Indanol‐Anionen. Der PECD wird über einen großen Bereich von Photonenenergien mit einem Velocity‐Map‐Imaging(VMI)‐Photoelektronenspektrometer energieaufgelöst analysiert. Ein PECD von bis zu 11 % wird nachgewiesen, was vergleichbar mit gemessenen Werten für neutrale Moleküle ist.
Engineering of Pyroelectric Crystals Decoupled from Piezoelectricity as Illustrated by Doped α‐Glycine
Authors: Dishon Ben Ami Shiri , Ehre David , Ushakov Andrei , Mehlman Tevie , Brandis Alexander , Alikin Denis , Shur Vladimir , Kholkin Andrei , Lahav Meir , Lubomirsky Igor 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDesign of pyroelectric crystals decoupled from piezoelectricity is not only a topic of scientific curiosity but also demonstrates effects in principle that have the potential to be technologically advantageous. Here we report a new method for the design of such materials. Thus, the co‐doping of centrosymmetric crystals with tailor‐made guest molecules, as illustrated by the doping of α‐glycine with different amino acids (Threonine, Alanine and Serine). The polarization of those crystals displays two distinct contributions, one arising from the difference in dipole moments between guest and host and the other from the displacement of host molecules from their symmetry‐related positions. These contributions exhibit different temperature dependences and response to mechanical deformation. Thus, providing a proof of concept for the ability to design pyroelectric materials with reduced piezoelectric coefficient (d22) to a minimal value, below the resolution limit of the method (<0.005 pm/V).
Monovarietal olive oils fortified with carotenoids: Physicochemical and sensory trends and taste sensor evaluation
Authors: Murillo‐Cruz Mª Carmen , Rodrigues Nuno , Dias Maria Inês , Bermejo‐Román Ruperto , Veloso Ana C. A. , Pereira José Alberto , Peres António M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of lutein or β‐carotene incorporation (0.1 mg/ml) on the quality, sensory attributes and stability of Arbequina, Picual or Royal monovarietal extra virgin olive oils. The fortification significantly decreased (p value < 0.05) the chemical quality of the fortified oils (peroxide values: +3% to +34%; extinction coefficients: +4% to +55%). The negative impact was higher on Arbequina oil, followed by Royal and Picual oils, especially in lutein fortified oils. Nevertheless, all fortified oils fulfilled the legal thresholds required by extra virgin category. Compared with the unfortified ones, fortified oils showed significantly lower (p value < 0.05) stability and total phenol content (−6% and −12%, respectively). The fortification changed the oils' green color into a yellowish‐orange color. Bitterness, pungency and sweetness varied significantly (p value < 0.05) with the type of monovarietal olive oil. Bitter and pungent intensities increased in Arbequina and Picual fortified oils (+29% to +191%, especially for the former) and decreased in Royal fortified oils (−42% and −62%, respectively). The fortification increased the sweetness of Picual and Royal oils (+109% and +10%), but decreased in Arbequina oils (−74%). The physicochemical‐sensory changes induced by the fortification allowed a clear differentiation of the monovarietal oils and, for each oil cultivar, by fortification agent. The use of an electronic tongue further confirmed the fortification impact at the phenolic and sensory levels, allowing the discrimination of unfortified and fortified oils and the quantification of oils' bitterness, pungency or sweetness and, in a less extent, the total phenols contents.