bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Networking in the Republic of Letters: Magliabechi and the Dutch
Republic
Authors: van Vugt Ingeborg 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The brokers who forge networks have exclusive access to diverse and innovative information. Hence, many histories of the Republic of Letters (1500–1800) stress the importance of brokers for the circulation and development of new ideas. But most such studies fail to note that network brokerage in the Republic of Letters was a dynamic, continually evolving process. Early modern brokers, like the Florentine librarian Antonio Magliabechi (1633–1714), could not have maintained their positions of power in densely connected networks without the ability to safeguard confidences and secrets. Qualitative analysis of archival sources, combined with the quantitative methods of network analysis, uncovers the circumstances in which Magliabechi constructed his network, providing a glimpse into his struggles to make it secure and to solidify it with valuable bridge relations.
The False Readiness Theory: Explaining Failures to Negotiate Israeli-Palestinian Peace
Authors: Schwartz Adi , Gilboa Eytan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article applies a new conflict resolution theory – False Readiness (FR) – to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and offers a theory-based explanation of the numerous failures to resolve it. The FR theory was designed to facilitate research on protracted conflicts where the parties agree to open negotiations, conduct rounds for decades, but fail to reach peace agreements. It suggests that when at least one of the disputants does not seek resolution, no agreement can be achieved. Based on the FR theory, this article concludes that the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the widely recognized sole representative of the Palestinians, behaved as an FR actor in negotiations with Israel. Ample empirical evidence demonstrates that this conduct is rooted in historical factors, ideological positions, and strategic policies adopted with little change since the establishment of the PLO in 1964. A similar application to the Israeli side may yield similar results.
Book review: Voicing the Unspeakable: Exploring Non-normative Narratives About Motherhood
Authors: Abraham Shema , Ranganathan Shubha 
Published: June 2022

Lou-Marie Kruger, Of Motherhood and Melancholia: Notebook of a Psycho-Ethnographer. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2020, 382 pp. ISBN: 9781869144340 (Paperback). Orna Donath, Regretting Motherhood: A Study. North Atlantic Books, 2017, 272 pp. ISBN: 9781623171377(Paperback).
Bile leakage and the number of metal clips on the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Gustafsson Arvid , Enochsson Lars , Tingstedt Bobby , Olsson Greger 
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: The most common way of closing the cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is by using metal clips (>80%). Nevertheless, bile leakage occurs in 0.4%–2.0% of cases, and thus causes significant morbidity. However, the optimal number of clips needed to avoid bile leakage has not been determined. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate bile leakage and post-procedural adverse events after laparoscopic cholecystectomy concerning whether two or three clips were used to seal the cystic duct. Methods: Using a retrospective observational design, we gathered data from the Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (GallRiks). From 2006 until 2019, 124,818 patients were eligible for inclusion. These were nested to cohorts of 75,322 (60.3%) for uncomplicated gallstone disease and 49,496 (39.7%) with complicated gallstone disease. The cohorts were grouped by the number (i.e. two or three) of metal clips applied to the proximal cystic duct. The main outcome was 30-day bile leakage and post-procedural adverse events. Results: No significant differences surfaced in the rate of bile leakage (0.8% vs 0.8%; P = .87) or post-procedural adverse events (three clips, 5.7% vs two clips, 5.4%; P = .16) for uncomplicated gallstone disease. However, for complicated disease, bile leakage (1.4% vs 1.0%; P < .001) and post-procedural adverse events (10.2% vs 8.6%; P < .001) significantly increased when the cystic duct was sealed with three clips compared with two. Conclusions: Because no differences in the rates of bile leakage or adverse events emerged in uncomplicated gallstone disease when a third clip was applied, a third clip for additional safety is not recommended in such cases. On the contrary, bile leakage and adverse events increased when a third clip was used in patients with complicated gallstone disease. This finding probably indicates a more difficult cholecystectomy rather than being caused by the third clip itself.
Outcomes in Ballistic Injuries to the Hand: Fractures and Nerve/Tendon Damage as Predictors of Poor Outcomes
Authors: Dugom Patrick M. , Jester Mitchell P. , Archie William H. , Huynh Duy M. , Scarcella Josh F. , Guo Yifan 
Published: June 2022

Background: Gunshot injuries can be devasting, regardless of their location. However, ballistic injuries involving the upper extremity have not been thoroughly investigated. The goal of this study is to evaluate the injury patterns and outcomes of patients who sustained gunshot injuries to the hand. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with gunshot injuries to the upper extremity at a single, level 1 trauma center between January 2016 and December 2017 was performed. Patient demographics and mechanisms of injuries were reviewed. The injury patterns, location, tendon/nerve involvement, and bony involvement were analyzed. Surgical interventions and long-term outcomes were reviewed. Outcomes were compared using the presence of fractures and nerve/tendon injuries as independent variables. Results: In all, 32 patients met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 15 patients had gunshots to the hand, 10 patients to the fingers, and 7 patients involving both the finger and hand. In patients with isolated hand injuries, 60% had fractures and 53% had nerve/tendon injuries. The presence of fractures was associated with a 7.9-fold increase in tendon and nerve injuries ( P = .032). Patients who sustained tendon/nerve injuries had significantly higher rates of permanent disability ( P = .01). The presence of a fracture leads to a higher likelihood of long-term complications, although not statistically significant ( P = .13). Conclusion: Ballistic injuries to the hand are frequently associated with fractures and neurovascular and tendon injuries. The presence of fractures is associated with a higher incidence of nerve and tendon injuries. Involvement of these structures is linked to an increased risk of long-term disability.
Efficacy and safety of SOFIA aspiration catheter for mechanical thrombectomy via ADAPT and Solumbra echniques in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: June 2022

Introduction SOFIA catheter is a relatively new and recently FDA-approved aspiration catheter. This systematic review aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of SOFIA catheter for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) via ADAPT and Solumbra techniques. Methods Search of all studies evaluating the SOFIA catheter for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for treatment of AIS via ADAPT and Solumbra techniques from inception through 2020 on Pubmed, PMC, and Embase was performed. We analyzed the angiographic and clinical outcomes of both techniques with SOFIA catheter using the random-effects model. Results From 18 studies, 1836 patients were included with 1365 receiving MT using ADAPT and 471 with solumbra technique. The mean age was 69.8 years and 51.1% of the patients were women. The rate of rescue therapy was 30%. The outcomes rates of ADAPT group were as follows; mFPE (59.3%), FPE (34.4%) final TICI 2b/3 (89.3%), procedural complications (8%), embolization to new territory (ENT) (2.3%), symptomatic ICH (5.4%), mean NIHSS (8.97), 90-day-mRS 0–2 (48.8%), and mortality (15.3%). The outcomes rates of Solumbra group were as follows; mFPE (60.5%), FPE (46.7%), final TICI 2b/3 (93%), procedural complications (6.4%), ENT (2%), symptomatic ICH (6%), mean NIHSS (7.59), mRS 0–2 (53.8%), and mortality (10.8%). ICA and posterior circulation strokes, and tandem lesions had worse outcomes (P < .005). MCA strokes were associated with better outcomes (P = .005). ASPECT scores’ association with the clinical outcomes was found statistically significant. Conclusion SOFIA catheter is effective and safe to treat acute ischemic stroke regardless of applied MT technique.
YouTube as a Source of Patient Information for Ankle Arthroplasty: Quantitative Analysis of Video Reliability, Quality, and Content
Authors: Hartnett Davis A. , Yang Daniel S. , Lama Christopher J. , McDonald Christopher L. , Daniels Alan H. , Blankenhorn Brad D. 
Published: June 2022

Background. There are limited data on the quality and content of videos discussing total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) on the YouTube video platform. Methods. The first 60 unique YouTube videos resulting from the keyword query “ankle arthroplasty” and “ankle replacement” were analyzed for comprehensiveness and quality. Content was assessed using the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, DISCERN, Global Quality Scale (GQS), and an arthroplasty-specific score. Results. Videos demonstrated low mean DISCERN (49.2/80), GQS (3.2/5), and arthroplasty-specific scores (4.3/12) with substantial variability between videos. Most of the content was produced by nonacademic physicians (46.7%) and academic sources (21.7%). Academic videos saw significantly higher mean JAMA scores ( P = .013) but were otherwise comparable to non-academic physicians. Commercial content demonstrated significantly low-quality scores compared to academic ( P = .012) and physician ( P = .008) sources despite the highest mean viewership. Conclusions. Information on TAA on the YouTube platform is highly variable based on video source, with generally poor quality and content. Level of Evidence: Level V, systemic review of non-peer reviewed resources
Winging it: a qualitative study of knowledge-acquisition experiences for early adopting providers of medical assistance in dying
Authors: Winters Janine Penfield , Pickering Neil , Jaye Chrystal 
Published: June 2022

Background: Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) was legalized in Canada without a designated period for implementation. Providers did not have access to customary alternatives for training and mentorship during the first 1–3 years after legalization. Objective: To report on how doctors prepared for their first provision of MAID in the early period after legalization in Canada. Design: Qualitative research design within an interpretive phenomenological theoretical framework. We asked participants to describe their experiences preparing for first MAID provision. Analysis of transcripts elicited themes regarding training and information desired by early adopters for provision of newly legalized MAID. Participants: Twenty-one early adopting physician-providers in five Canadian provinces were interviewed. Results: Few formal training opportunities were available. Many early-adopting providers learned about the procedure from novel sources using innovative methods. They employed a variety of strategies to meet their needs, including self-training and organizing provider education groups. They acknowledged and reflected on uncertainty and knowledge gained from unexpected experiences and missteps. Key phrases from participants indicated a desire for early training and mentorship. Limitations: This study included only the perspective of physicians who were providers of MAID. It does not address the training needs for all health practitioners who receive requests for assisted death nor report the patient/family experience. Conclusion: The Canadian experience demonstrates the importance of establishing accessible guidance and training opportunities for providers at the outset of implementation of newly legalized assisted dying.
Poly-(vinyl alcohol) composite films reinforced with carboxylated functional microcrystalline cellulose from jute fiber
Authors: Hasan Md Zahid , Arafat Yeasin , Bashar M Mahbubul , Niloy Md Nabi Newaz , Islam Md Imranul , Khandaker Shahjalal , Chowdhury AM Sarwaruddin 
Published: June 2022

Bio-based materials have attracted ample research interest due to their intrinsic beneficial impact on human society. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) extracted from a variety of bioresources is one of the most prominent candidate in this regard. Herein, the MCC was synthesized from jute fiber by a facile ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation method resulting in carboxylic functional groups on the fiber surface. The carboxylated MCC was utilized to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films in a solution casting method. The surface chemistry, thermal properties, and surface morphology of MCC and MCC-PVA composite films were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The SEM images confirmed the rod-like MCC with average particle diameter 4.6 μm and length in 48.4 μm. The FT-IR spectroscopy suggested the complete removal of lignin and hemicellulose from jute fiber. A peak at 1730 cm−1 was introduced in MCC due to oxidation with APS. The MCC was readily dispersible in water, and chemical interaction with –OH group of PVA was spontaneous due to the carboxylation in MCC. The absorption peak of –OH groups in MCC-PVA composite films were shifted, somewhat disappeared and weakened due to the intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of MCC and OH groups in PVA. Thermogravimetric analysis expressed the thermal behavior of MCC and MCC-PVA composite films. The char formation at 500°C of the two different composite films was 15% and 16%, respectively. The stability of MCC-PVA composite films at elevated temperatures is the indication of potential application as flame retardant material.
CARE 2.0: reducing false-positive sequencing error corrections using machine learning
Authors: Kallenborn Felix , Cascitti Julian , Schmidt Bertil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNext-generation sequencing pipelines often perform error correction as a preprocessing step to obtain cleaned input data. State-of-the-art error correction programs are able to reliably detect and correct the majority of sequencing errors. However, they also introduce new errors by making false-positive corrections. These correction mistakes can have negative impact on downstream analysis, such ask-mer statistics, de-novo assembly, and variant calling. This motivates the need for more precise error correction tools.ResultsWe present CARE 2.0, a context-aware read error correction tool based on multiple sequence alignment targeting Illumina datasets. In addition to a number of newly introduced optimizations its most significant change is the replacement of CARE 1.0’s hand-crafted correction conditions with a novel classifier based on random decision forests trained on Illumina data. This results in up to two orders-of-magnitude fewer false-positive corrections compared to other state-of-the-art error correction software. At the same time, CARE 2.0 is able to achieve high numbers of true-positive corrections comparable to its competitors. On a simulated full human dataset with 914M reads CARE 2.0 generates only 1.2M false positives (FPs) (and 801.4M true positives (TPs)) at a highly competitive runtime while the best corrections achieved by other state-of-the-art tools contain at least 3.9M FPs and at most 814.5M TPs. Better de-novo assembly and improvedk-mer analysis show the applicability of CARE 2.0 to real-world data.ConclusionFalse-positive corrections can negatively influence down-stream analysis. The precision of CARE 2.0 greatly reduces the number of those corrections compared to other state-of-the-art programs including BFC, Karect, Musket, Bcool, SGA, and Lighter. Thus, higher-quality datasets are produced which improvek-mer analysis and de-novo assembly in real-world datasets which demonstrates the applicability of machine learning techniques in the context of sequencing read error correction. CARE 2.0 is written in C++/CUDA for Linux systems and can be run on the CPU as well as on CUDA-enabled GPUs. It is available athttps://github.com/fkallen/CARE.
CancerNet: a unified deep learning network for pan-cancer diagnostics
Authors: Gore Steven , Azad Rajeev K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite remarkable advances in cancer research, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Early detection of cancer and localization of the tissue of its origin are key to effective treatment. Here, we leverage technological advances in machine learning or artificial intelligence to design a novel framework for cancer diagnostics. Our proposed framework detects cancers and their tissues of origin using a unified model of cancers encompassing 33 cancers represented in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our model exploits the learned features of different cancers reflected in the respective dysregulated epigenomes, which arise early in carcinogenesis and differ remarkably between different cancer types or subtypes, thus holding a great promise in early cancer detection.

Results
Our comprehensive assessment of the proposed model on the 33 different tissues of origin demonstrates its ability to detect and classify cancers to a high accuracy (> 99% overall F-measure). Furthermore, our model distinguishes cancers from pre-cancerous lesions to metastatic tumors and discriminates between hypomethylation changes due to age related epigenetic drift and true cancer.

Conclusions
Beyond detection of primary cancers, our proposed computational model also robustly detects tissues of origin of secondary cancers, including metastatic cancers, second primary cancers, and cancers of unknown primaries. Our assessment revealed the ability of this model to characterize pre-cancer samples, a significant step forward in early cancer detection. Deployed broadly this model can deliver accurate diagnosis for a greatly expanded target patient population.
Fluoride mitigates aluminum-toxicity in barley: morpho-physiological responses and biochemical mechanisms
Authors: Dawood Mona F. A. , Tahjib-Ul-Arif Md. , Sohag Abdullah Al Mamun , Abdel Latef Arafat Abdel Hamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
To our knowledge, the role of exogenous fluoride (F–) on aluminum (Al)-stress mitigation in plants has not been investigated yet. In this experiment, barley (Hordeum vulgaris) seedlings were exposed to excessive Al3+ concentrations (aluminum chloride, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mM) with and without fluoride (0.025% sodium fluoride) to explore the possible roles of fluoride on the alleviation of Al-toxicity.

Results
Overall, Al-stress caused inhibition of growth and the production of photosynthetic pigments. Principal component analysis showed that the growth inhibitory effects were driven by increased oxidative stress and the interruption of water balance in barley under Al-stress. Fluoride priming, on the other hand, enhanced growth traits, chlorophyll a and b content, as well as invigorated the protection against oxidative damage by enhancing overall antioxidant capacity. Fluoride also improved osmotic balance by protecting the plasma membrane. Fluoride reduced endogenous Al3+ content, restored Al-induced inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase, and increased the contents of phytochelatins and metallothioneins, suggesting that fluoride reduced Al3+ uptake and improved chelation of Al3+.

Conclusions
Aluminum chloride-induced harmful effects are abridged by sodium fluoride on barely via enhancing antioxidative responses, the chelation mechanism causing reduction of Al uptake and accumulation of barely tissues. Advanced investigations are necessary to uncover the putative mechanisms underpinning fluoride-induced Al-stress tolerance in barley and other economically significant crops, where our results might serve as a solid reference.
Molecular epidemiology and outcome of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alraddadi Basem M. , Heaphy Emily L. G. , Aljishi Yamama , Ahmed Waleed , Eljaaly Khalid , Al-Turkistani Hanan H. , Alshukairi Abeer N. , Qutub Mohammed O. , Alodini Kholoud , Alosaimi Roaa , Hassan Waseem , Attalah Dalya , Alswaiel Rakan , Saeedi Mohammed F. , Al-Hamzi Mohammed A. , Hefni Lama K. , Almaghrabi Reem S. , Anani Mushira , Althaqafi Abdulhakeem 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The burden of carbapenem resistance is not well studied in the Middle East. We aimed to describe the molecular epidemiology and outcome of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections from several Saudi Arabian Centers.

Methods
This is a multicenter prospective cohort study conducted over a 28-month period. Patients older than 14 years of age with a positive CRE Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae culture and a clinically established infection were included in this study. Univariate and multivariable logistic models were constructed to assess the relationship between the outcome of 30-day all-cause mortality and possible continuous and categorical predictor variables.

Results
A total of 189 patients were included. The median patient age was 62.8 years and 54.0% were male. The most common CRE infections were nosocomial pneumonia (23.8%) and complicated urinary tract infection (23.8%) and 77 patients (40.7%) had CRE bacteremia. OXA-48 was the most prevalent gene (69.3%). While 100 patients (52.9%) had a clinical cure, 57 patients (30.2%) had died within 30 days and 23 patients (12.2%) relapsed. Univariate analysis to predict 30-day mortality revealed that the following variables are associated with mortality: older age, high Charlson comorbidity index, increased Pitt bacteremia score, nosocomial pneumonia, CRE bacteremia and diabetes mellitus. In multivariable analysis, CRE bacteremia remained as an independent predictor of 30 day all-cause mortality [AOR and 95% CI = 2.81(1.26–6.24), p = 0.01].

Conclusions
These data highlight the molecular epidemiology and outcomes of CRE infection in Saudi Arabia and will inform future studies to address preventive and management interventions.
Targeting inflammation for the treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: a five-compartment mechanistic model
Authors: Hofherr Alexis , Williams Julie , Gan Li-Ming , Söderberg Magnus , Hansen Pernille B. L. , Woollard Kevin J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Mortality and morbidity associated with DKD are increasing with the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Chronic, sub-clinical, non-resolving inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of renal and cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes. Inflammatory biomarkers correlate with poor renal outcomes and mortality in patients with DKD. Targeting chronic inflammation may therefore offer a route to novel therapeutics for DKD. However, the DKD patient population is highly heterogeneous, with varying etiology, presentation and disease progression. This heterogeneity is a challenge for clinical trials of novel anti-inflammatory therapies. Here, we present a conceptual model of how chronic inflammation affects kidney function in five compartments: immune cell recruitment and activation; filtration; resorption and secretion; extracellular matrix regulation; and perfusion. We believe that the rigorous alignment of pathophysiological insights, appropriate animal models and pathology-specific biomarkers may facilitate a mechanism-based shift from recruiting ‘all comers’ with DKD to stratification of patients based on the principal compartments of inflammatory disease activity.