bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing of after-alcohol vinasse for environmentally friendly environment
Authors: Kaishev A Sh , Kaisheva N Sh , Larsky M V , Karpenko V A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the industrial sources of intoxication polluting the environment is vinasse – a secondary raw material formed during the alcoholic processing of grain in 12 times the volume of alcohol produced. Due to the low content of dry substances (up to 8%), low shelf life (up to 2 days), seasonality of consumption in livestock, the transportation, especially the liquid phase of vinasse, is not economically profitable, which causes the need for its disposal or processing and determines the relevance of this study. Based on the chemical composition of vinasse, the purpose of the study is to study the possibility of obtaining pectins from it as biologically active compounds, which would reduce the volume of vinasse released into the environment thus ensuring its protection. The purpose of the study was fulfilled by solving the following tasks: development of a method of pectins release from vinasse, assessment of their physicochemical and biological properties, determination of chemical and microbiological safety of vinasse wastes. The study included technological, physicochemical, chemical, biological methods. Vinasse fractions were obtained according to the developed method of vinasse processing based on vortex extraction, concentration of extractions, alcohol release of the end products, pectins from liquid (yield 3.1%) and solid (yield 2.9%), which ensured a 20-fold reduction in the volume of vinasse. The characteristics of pectins were established: authenticity, loss in mass during drying, pH, molar mass, content of pectic acid, functional groups, binding properties. The safety and gastroprotective activity of pectins was established. Mother solutions after the release of pectins were estimated to be less than 3.9 times the chemical consumption of oxygen and satisfactory microbiological purity, which made it possible to evaluate them as safe industrial waste.
Lifetime Exposure to Welding Fumes and Risk of Some Rare Cancers
Authors: Kendzia Benjamin , Kaerlev Linda , Ahrens Wolfgang , Merletti Franco , Eriksson Mikael , Guénel Pascal , Lynge Elsebeth , Costa-Pereira Altamiro , Morales Suárez-Varela Maria , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Stang Andreas , Behrens Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We investigated the association between exposure to welding fumes and the risk of biliary tract, male breast, bone, and thymus cancer, as well as cancer of the small intestine, eye melanoma, and mycosis fungoides, among men in a European, multicenter case-control study. From 1995–1997, 644 cases and 1,959 control subjects from 7 countries were studied with respect to information on welding and potential confounders. We linked the welding histories of the participants with a measurement-based exposure matrix to calculate lifetime exposure to welding fumes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models, conditional on country and 5-year age groups, and adjusted for education and relevant confounders. Regular welding was associated with an increased risk of cancer of the small intestine (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.50). Lifetime exposure to welding fumes above the median of exposed controls was associated with an increased risk of cancer of the small intestine (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.72) and male breast (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.77), and some elevation in risk was apparent for bone cancer (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 0.85, 4.34) with increasing lifetime exposure to welding fumes. Welding fumes could contribute to an increased risk of some rare cancers.
Transporting a Prediction Model for Use in a New Target Population
Authors: Steingrimsson Jon A , Gatsonis Constantine , Li Bing , Dahabreh Issa J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We considered methods for transporting a prediction model for use in a new target population, both when outcome and covariate data for model development are available from a source population that has a different covariate distribution compared with the target population and when covariate data (but not outcome data) are available from the target population. We discuss how to tailor the prediction model to account for differences in the data distribution between the source population and the target population. We also discuss how to assess the model’s performance (e.g., by estimating the mean squared prediction error) in the target population. We provide identifiability results for measures of model performance in the target population for a potentially misspecified prediction model under a sampling design where the source and the target population samples are obtained separately. We introduce the concept of prediction error modifiers that can be used to reason about tailoring measures of model performance to the target population. We illustrate the methods in simulated data and apply them to transport a prediction model for lung cancer diagnosis from the National Lung Screening Trial to the nationally representative target population of trial-eligible individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
A clinician’s guide for counseling patients on results of a multigene pharmacogenomic panel
Authors: Ho Teresa T , Bell Gillian , Gammal Roseann S , Gregornik David , Wake Dyson T , Dunnenberger Henry M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
This article explores approaches to pharmacogenomic counseling for patients who have undergone multigene panel testing by describing the collective experience of 5 institutions.

Summary
Multigene panel pharmacogenomic testing has the potential to unlock a myriad of information about a patient’s past, present, and future drug response. The multifaceted nature of drug response coupled with the complexity of genetic results necessitates some form of patient education through pharmacogenomic counseling. Published literature regarding disclosure of pharmacogenomic test results is limited. This article compares the counseling practices of pharmacists from 5 different institutions with pharmacogenomics clinics whose experience represents perspectives ranging from academia to community clinical environments. Overarching counseling themes discussed during result disclosure center around (1) pharmacogenomic results, (2) gene-drug interactions, (3) gene-drug-drug interactions, (4) drug changes (5) future, familial, or disease-risk implications, (6) updates in the interpretation and application of pharmacogenomic results, (7) gauging patient comprehension, and (8) sharing results and supplemental information.

Conclusion
Dedicating time to counseling patients on the results of a multigene pharmacogenomic panel is important given the lifelong applications of a test that is generally performed only once. The content and methods of disclosing test results shared by the experiences of pharmacists at 5 different institutions serve as guide to be further refined as research addresses effective communication strategies that enhance patient comprehension of pharmacogenomic results.
Synchronizing spermatogenesis in the mouse
Authors: Griswold Michael , Hogarth Cathryn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The formation of spermatozoa starts with a germ-line stem cell creating a pool of progenitor cells or undifferentiated spermatogonia. There is a requirement for these progenitor cells to be stimulated by retinoic acid (RA) to enter differentiation and ultimately form spermatocytes, undergo meiosis, form spermatids, and ultimately spermatozoa. After the stimulation by RA, which occurs at sites in the seminiferous tubules, it takes ~35 days to complete this complex process. As a result, the adult testis contains germ cells in all possible states of differentiation, and the isolation of individual cell types or study of functional aspects of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium is very difficult. We describe the use of WIN 18 446—an inhibitor of RA synthesis followed by injection of RA as a mechanism for the synchronization of spermatogenesis to one to three stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The result is that only one to four germ cell types are prevalent during the first wave of spermatogenesis. In the adult only a predictable few stages of the cycle are present throughout the entire testis enriching the targeted cells or stages of the cycle.
Increasing the use of perioperative risk scoring in emergency laparotomy: nationwide quality improvement programme
Authors: Nally Deirdre M , Lonergan Peter E , O’Connell Emer P , McNamara Deborah A ,   the SURGical Improvement Network (SURGIN), Elwahab S Abd , Bass G , Burke E , Cagney D , Canas A , Cronin C , Cullinane C , Devane L , Fearon N , Fowler A , Fullard A , Hechtl D , Kelly M , Lenihan J , Murphy E , Neary C , O'Connell R , O'Neill M , Ramkaran C , Troy A , Tully R , White C , Yadav H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Emergency laparotomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The early identification of high-risk patients allows for timely perioperative care and appropriate resource allocation. The aim of this study was to develop a nationwide surgical trainee-led quality improvement (QI) programme to increase the use of perioperative risk scoring in emergency laparotomy.

Methods
The programme was structured using the active implementation framework in 15 state-funded Irish hospitals to guide the staged implementation of perioperative risk scoring. The primary outcome was a recorded preoperative risk score for patients undergoing an emergency laparotomy at each site.

Results
The rate of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy receiving a perioperative risk score increased from 0–11 per cent during the exploratory phase to 35–100 per cent during the full implementation phase. Crucial factors for implementing changes included an experienced central team providing implementation support, collaborator engagement, and effective communication and social relationships.

Conclusions
A trainee-led QI programme increased the use of perioperative risk assessment in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy, with the potential to improve patient outcomes and care delivery.
Negative symptoms, striatal dopamine and model-free reward decision-making in schizophrenia
Authors: Brandl Felix , Knolle Franziska , Avram Mihai , Leucht Claudia , Yakushev Igor , Priller Josef , Leucht Stefan , Ziegler Sibylle , Wunderlich Klaus , Sorg Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Negative symptoms, such as lack of motivation or social withdrawal, are highly prevalent and debilitating in patients with schizophrenia. Underlying mechanisms of negative symptoms are incompletely understood, thereby preventing the development of targeted treatments. We hypothesized that in patients with schizophrenia during psychotic remission, impaired influences of both model-based and model-free reward predictions on decision-making (‘reward prediction influence’, RPI) underlie negative symptoms. We focused on psychotic remission, because psychotic symptoms might confound reward-based decision-making. Moreover, we hypothesized that impaired model-based/model-free RPIs depend on alterations of both associative striatum dopamine synthesis and storage (DSS) and executive functioning. Both factors influence RPI in healthy subjects and are typically impaired in schizophrenia.
Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia with pronounced negative symptoms during psychotic remission and 24 healthy controls were included in the study. Negative symptom severity was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative subscale, model-based/model-free RPI by the two-stage decision task, associative striatum DSS by 18F-DOPA positron emission tomography and executive functioning by the symbol coding task.
Model-free RPI was selectively reduced in patients and associated with negative symptom severity as well as with reduced associative striatum DSS (in patients only) and executive functions (both in patients and controls). In contrast, model-based RPI was not altered in patients.
Results provide evidence for impaired model-free reward prediction influence as a mechanism for negative symptoms in schizophrenia as well as for reduced associative striatum dopamine and executive dysfunction as relevant factors. Data suggest potential treatment targets for patients with schizophrenia and pronounced negative symptoms.
A case report of myocarditis secondary to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Condurache Dorina-Gabriela , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , Baslas Rohit , Hamdulay Shahir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare form of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Cardiac involvement is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Early recognition and treatment initiation for such manifestations are key to improved patient outcomes.Case summaryWe report the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of therapy-resistant asthma and rhinitis. He presented with acute chest pain, sinus tachycardia, and marked peripheral eosinophilia. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed segmental anterior left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities with impaired systolic function (LV ejection fraction 45%) and a small pericardial effusion. Invasive coronary angiography revealed unobstructed coronary arteries. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the TTE findings and demonstrated oedema and active inflammation of the anterior and anteroseptal LV segments [Short inversion time recovery (STIR)-T2] and an unusual pattern of non-ischaemic late gadolinium enhancement extending across multiple coronary territories. Autoantibody testing detected a positive P-ANCA and myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies. Overall, the investigation findings supported a diagnosis of ANCA-positive EGPA with acute myocardial involvement. He was initially treated with high-dose corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab. The patient had a good symptomatic and biochemical (normalized troponin T and MPO titre) recovery. In addition, subsequent TTE showed improvement of LV systolic function and resolution of regional wall motion abnormalities.DiscussionIn this case, prompt diagnosis facilitated early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and disease remission. CMR provides non-invasive assessment of myocardial tissue characterization and, used in conjunction with other tools, can be instrumental in detecting myocardial involvement in EGPA.
Dynamic improvement of an acute exacerbated subaortic pressure gradient after intravenous propranolol and cibenzoline, recorded using a pressure wire: a case report
Authors: Harano Yoshihiro , Kawase Yoshiaki , Matsuo Hitoshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Beta-blockers and Class 1A antiarrhythmics decrease the subaortic pressure gradient in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. However, real-time monitoring of the pressure gradient transition during intravenous therapy, based on cardiac catheterization, has never been reported.

Case summary
A 52-year-old man, with an history of hypertension, was transferred to our hospital, complaining of angina. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed diffuse ST-segment depression, and transthoracic echocardiography revealed a thickened left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) septum, resulting in LVOT obstruction which had never been diagnosed. Besides, severe mitral regurgitation (MR) due to systolic anterior motion was detected. Emergent cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary arteries and severe MR. Simultaneous pressure measurements were taken at the ascending aorta (using a coronary catheter) and left ventricle (using a pressure wire). The subaortic systolic pressure gradient was 147 mmHg: 251 mmHg in the left ventricle and 104 mmHg in the aorta. Intravenous cibenzoline, following propranolol, was administered to ameliorate the pressure gradient, following which his chest pain disappeared immediately; the pressure gradient decreased to 13 mmHg. Further, severe MR was diminished. Oral bisoprolol and cibenzoline administration effectively stabilized his condition after catheterization.

Discussion
Monitoring the simultaneous pressure between the left ventricle and aorta with a pressure wire revealed drastic improvement in the subaortic systolic pressure gradient. Owing to the soft, fine structure, the pressure wire allowed recording of the subaortic pressure gradient stably with less frequent premature ventricular contractions. Furthermore, this method could decrease the burden of catheter-related complications by eliminating the need for multiple atrial punctures.
iCOMIC: a graphical interface-driven bioinformatics pipeline for analyzing cancer omics data
Authors: Anilkumar Sithara Anjana , Maripuri Devi Priyanka , Moorthy Keerthika , Amirtha Ganesh Sai Sruthi , Philip Philge , Banerjee Shayantan , Sudhakar Malvika , Raman Karthik 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite the tremendous increase in omics data generated by modern sequencing technologies, their analysis can be tricky and often requires substantial expertise in bioinformatics. To address this concern, we have developed a user-friendly pipeline to analyze (cancer) genomic data that takes in raw sequencing data (FASTQ format) as input and outputs insightful statistics. Our iCOMIC toolkit pipeline featuring many independent workflows is embedded in the popular Snakemake workflow management system. It can analyze whole-genome and transcriptome data and is characterized by a user-friendly GUI that offers several advantages, including minimal execution steps and eliminating the need for complex command-line arguments. Notably, we have integrated algorithms developed in-house to predict pathogenicity among cancer-causing mutations and differentiate between tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes from somatic mutation data. We benchmarked our tool against Genome In A Bottle benchmark dataset (NA12878) and got the highest F1 score of 0.971 and 0.988 for indels and SNPs, respectively, using the BWA MEM—GATK HC DNA-Seq pipeline. Similarly, we achieved a correlation coefficient of r = 0.85 using the HISAT2-StringTie-ballgown and STAR-StringTie-ballgown RNA-Seq pipelines on the human monocyte dataset (SRP082682). Overall, our tool enables easy analyses of omics datasets, significantly ameliorating complex data analysis pipelines.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Proxies for Segmental Instability in Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Patients
Authors: Forbech Elmose Signe , Oesterheden Andersen Mikkel , Sigmundsson Freyr G. , Yacat Carreon Leah 
Published: July 2022

Study design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The aim was to investigate whether findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be proxies (MRIPs) for segmental instability in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and/or degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS) L4/L5.

Background:
LDS has a heterogeneous nature. Some patients have a dynamic component of segmental instability associated with LDS. Studies have shown that MRI can show signs of instability.

Methods:
Patients with LSS or LDS at L4/L5 undergoing decompressive surgery±fusion from 2010 to 2017, with preoperative standing lateral spine radiographs and supine lumbar MRI and enrolled in Danish national spine surgical database, DaneSpine. Instability defined as slip of >3 mm on radiographs. Patients divided into two groups based upon presence of instability. Outcome measures: radiograph: sagittal slip (mm). MRIPs for instability: sagittal slip >3 mm, facet joint angle (°), facet joint effusion (mm), disk height index (%), and presence of vacuum phenomena. Optimal thresholds for MRIPs was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC). Logistic regression to investigate association between instability and MRIPs.

Results:
Two hundred thirty-two patients: 47 stable group and 185 unstable group. The two groups were comparable with regard to baseline patient-reported outcome measures. Thresholds for MRIPs: bilateral facet joint angle ≥46°; bilateral facet effusion ≥1.5 mm and disk height index ≥13%. Logistic regression showed statistically significant association with MRIPs except vacuum phenomena, ROC curve AUC of 0.951. By absence of slip on MRI logistic regression showed statistically significant association between instability on radiograph and the remaining MRIPs, ROC curve AUC 0.757.

Conclusion:
Presence of MRIPs for instability showed statistically significant association with instability and excellent ability to predict instability on standing radiograph in LSS and LDS patients. Even in the absence of slip on MRI the MRIPs had a good ability to discriminate presence of instability.
DEEP LEARNING-BASED PREDICTION OF OUTCOMES FOLLOWING NONCOMPLICATED EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE SURGERY
Authors: Kim Soo Han , Ahn Honggi , Yang Sejung , Soo Kim Sung , Lee Jong Hyuck 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
We used deep learning to predict the final central foveal thickness (CFT), changes in CFT, final best corrected visual acuity, and best corrected visual acuity changes following noncomplicated idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery.

Methods:
Data of patients who underwent noncomplicated epiretinal membrane surgery at Severance Hospital from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018, were reviewed. Patient age, sex, hypertension and diabetes statuses, and preoperative optical coherence tomography scans were noted. For image analysis and model development, a pre-trained VGG16 was adopted. The mean absolute error and coefficient of determination (R2) were used to evaluate the model performances. The study involved 688 eyes of 657 patients.

Results:
For final CFT, the mean absolute error was the lowest in the model that considered only clinical and demographic characteristics; the highest accuracy was achieved by the model that considered all clinical and surgical information. For CFT changes, models utilizing clinical and surgical information showed the best performance. However, our best model failed to predict the final best corrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity changes.

Conclusion:
A deep learning model predicted the final CFT and CFT changes in patients 1 year after epiretinal membrane surgery. Central foveal thickness prediction showed the best results when demographic factors, comorbid diseases, and surgical techniques were considered.
“Learn the Signs. Act Early.”: Updates and Implications for Physical Therapists
Authors: Kretch Kari S. , Willett Sandra L. , Hsu Lin-Ya , Sargent Barbara A. , Harbourne Regina T. , Dusing Stacey C. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
In early 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated their developmental surveillance milestone checklists. The purpose of this article is to clarify and interpret the updates from a physical therapist perspective and to discuss implications of the new milestones for physical therapists.

Summary of Key Points:
The CDC's updated checklists provide clear, consistent, easy to use, and evidence-based developmental milestones to prompt discussion with families. The new checklists do not represent a lowering of standards and will likely increase, not decrease, referrals for screening, evaluation, and services. Crawling has been removed from the milestone checklists, as the current evidence suggests that crawling is highly variable and not essential for development.

Conclusions and Recommendations for Clinical Practice:
The updated milestone checklists will facilitate bringing vital services to children who need them. Physical therapists should support our primary care colleagues in implementing this useful program.