bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accommodating sampling location uncertainty in continuous phylogeography
Authors: Dellicour Simon , Lemey Philippe , Suchard Marc A , Gilbert Marius , Baele Guy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhylogeographic inference of the dispersal history of viral lineages offers key opportunities to tackle epidemiological questions about the spread of fast-evolving pathogens across human, animal and plant populations. In continuous space, i.e. when locations are specified by longitude and latitude, these reconstructions are however often limited by the availability or accessibility of precise sampling locations required for such spatially explicit analyses. We here review the different approaches that can be considered when genomic sequences are associated with a geographic area of sampling instead of precise coordinates. In particular, we describe and compare the approaches to define homogeneous and heterogeneous prior ranges of sampling coordinates.
Beyond Humility: Empowering Minoritized Learners Through Culturally Reflective Medicine
Authors: Zhou Bright , Louie Alan K. 
Published: May 2022

In the wake of the Black Lives Matter and other antiracism justice movements, medical education is evolving to incorporate health equity principles for all medical students and residents, while also increasing institutional diversity recruitment of minoritized physicians. As the demographics of U.S. medical trainees shift to reflect a rapidly evolving patient population, the prevalence of culturally concordant patient–physician visits, where patients share elements of language, religion, customs, and identities with their physician, is also expected to increase. However, existing antiracist curricula are standardized to all learners and there is a dearth of cultural sensitivity training designed specifically for minoritized learners to interrogate the culturally concordant space they share with patients and mentors.
In this article, the authors propose a new model for minoritized learners’ cultural training, culturally reflective medicine (CRM) that identifies unanticipated tensions that may arise as minoritized learners bridge both White and Eurocentric professional and personal identities, examines how intersectionality can both strengthen encounters and lead to shared blind spots, and empowers minoritized physicians with tools for self- and group reflection to advocate for their communities. CRM is contextualized within the current landscape of cultural sensitivity training in medical education. The authors provide 2 clinical vignettes to demonstrate how CRM can unveil more nuanced understandings of health disparities than existing cultural training.
As institutions work toward diversity, equity, justice, and antioppression, CRM provides a novel framework for redesigning medical education that better acknowledges and incorporates the unique knowledge of minoritized learners.
Anterior Pelvic Ring Fracture Pattern Predicts Subsequent Displacement in Lateral Compression Sacral Fractures
Authors: Ellis Jonathan D. , Shah Nihar S. , Archdeacon Michael T. , Sagi H. Claude 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To determine if anterior pelvic fracture pattern in lateral compression (LC) sacral fractures correlates with subsequent displacement on examination under anesthesia (EUA) or follow-up in both nonoperative and operative cases.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Two hundred twenty-seven skeletally mature patients with traumatic LC (OTA/AO 61B1.1, 61B2.1-2, and 61B3.1-2) pelvic ring injuries treated nonoperatively, with EUA, or with pelvic fixation were included.

Intervention:
The study intervention included retrospective review of patients' charts and radiographs.

Main Outcome Measurement:
Displacement on EUA or follow-up radiographs (both operative and nonoperative) correlated with anterior pelvic ring fracture pattern.

Results:
Independent of sacral fracture pattern (complete or incomplete), risk of subsequent displacement on EUA or at follow-up after both nonoperative and operative treatments correlated strongly with ipsilateral superior and inferior pubic rami fractures that were either comminuted (95.6%, P < 0.001) or oblique (100%, P < 0.001). Patients with transverse or lack of inferior pubic ramus fracture did not displace (0%, P < 0.001). Out of 21 LC injuries treated with posterior-only fixation, displacement at follow-up occurred in all 11 patients (100%) with comminuted and/or oblique superior and inferior pubic rami fractures. Nakatani zone I and II rami fractures correlated most with risk of subsequent displacement.

Conclusions:
Unstable anterior fracture patterns are characterized as comminuted and/or oblique fractures of ipsilateral superior and inferior pubic rami. EUA should be strongly considered in these patients to disclose occult instability, for both complete and incomplete sacral fracture patterns. Additionally, these unstable anterior fracture patterns are poor candidates for posterior-only fixation and supplemental anterior fixation should be considered. Irrespective of sacral fracture pattern (complete or incomplete), nonoperative management is successful in patients with transverse or lack of inferior pubic ramus fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Chemokine (C-C Motif) Receptor 2 Antagonist INCB3284 Reduces Fluid Requirements and Protects From Hemodynamic Decompensation During Resuscitation From Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: DeSantis Anthony J. , Weche McWayne , Enten Garrett A. , Gao Xianlong , Majetschak Matthias 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Clinical correlations suggest that systemic chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 2 release may contribute to blood pressure regulation and the development of hemodynamic instability during the early inflammatory response to traumatic-hemorrhagic shock. Thus, we investigated whether blockade of the principal CCL2 receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR) 2 affects blood pressure in normal animals, and hemodynamics and resuscitation fluid requirements in hemorrhagic shock models.

DESIGN:
Randomized prospective treatment study.

SETTING:
University laboratory.

SUBJECTS:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats.

INTERVENTIONS:
First, treatment of healthy anesthetized rats with increasing doses of INCB3284 or vehicle. Second, rats were hemorrhaged for 30 minutes, followed by treatment with the CCR2 antagonist INCB3284 (1.1 and 5.5 μmol/kg), the CCR5 antagonist Maraviroc (=control, 5.5 μmol/kg) or vehicle, and subsequent fluid resuscitation to maintain blood pressure until t = 90 minutes. Third, treatment of rats with 5 μmol/kg INCB3284 or vehicle after hemorrhage and fluid resuscitation until t = 300 minutes.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
INCB3284 did not affect intrinsic function of isolated rat resistance arteries in pressure myography experiments. Blood pressure in anesthetized vehicle-treated animals continuously decreased by 0.09 ± 0.01 mm Hg/min (p < 0.001) but remained constant after INCB3284 injections. Systemic concentrations of the CCR2 agonists CCL2, CCL5, and CCL11 increased during hemorrhage and fluid resuscitation. INCB3284 dose-dependently reduced fluid requirements by 58% ± 11% in short-term experiments, whereas Maraviroc and vehicle-treated animals were indistinguishable. When resuscitation was performed until t = 300 minutes, INCB3284 reduced fluid requirements by 62% ± 6%, prevented from hemodynamic decompensation, reduced mortality from 50% with vehicle treatment to zero, and reduced overall tissue wet-weight/dry-weight ratios.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest that CCR2 is involved in the regulation of normal cardiovascular function and during the cardiovascular stress response to hemorrhagic shock and fluid resuscitation. The present study identifies CCR2 as a drug target to reduce fluid requirements and to prevent death from hemodynamic decompensation during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock.
The Association of the Medical Research Council Scale and Quantitative Computerized Dynamometry in Patients After Critical Illness: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Michalski Anna , Souza-Barros Leanna , Robles Priscila , Cameron Jill , Herridge Margaret , Mathur Sunita 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between isometric peak torque obtained using the Biodex dynamometer (gold standard) to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for knee extension (KE), ankle dorsiflexion (DF), and shoulder flexion (SF) in patients after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge.

Methods:
A cross-sectional observational substudy was conducted. Adults with at least 7 days of mechanical ventilation were recruited from a parent study of outcomes after critical illness. Muscle strength of KE, DF, and SF was measured using the MRC scale (grades 0–5) and the Biodex dynamometer (peak torque, % predicted) at 3 months post-ICU discharge.

Results:
Twenty participants were included in the study. The median and interquartile ranges for MRC scores for KE, DF, and SF were 4.5 (IQR = 1), 4.5 (IQR = 1), 4.0 (IQR = 1), respectively. No significant correlations were found between isometric peak torque and MRC scores for any muscle group at 3 months post-ICU discharge.

Conclusion:
Medical Research Council scale may be limited in the ability to detect muscle weakness post-ICU discharge. Quantitative dynamometry is recommended in the post-ICU period to identify individuals with muscle weakness who may benefit from physical rehabilitation.
Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis of Infancy: A Histologic Assessment of 43 Cases
Authors: Fertitta Laura , Bodemer Christine , Molina Thierry , Frassati-Biaggi Annonciade , Fraitag Sylvie , Leclerc-Mercier Stéphanie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy is a sterile, inflammatory dermatosis that mainly affects children younger than 36 months. The underlying physiopathologic mechanism is unclear. Clinical diagnosis is challenging, and a skin biopsy may be necessary. The literature data are sometimes contradictory, and a histologic series of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy cases has not been previously published.
Case Report: Peri-oral Vascular Compromise Due to Calcium Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Virdi Gurnam S. , Spotswood Emma 
Published: May 2022

Summary:
The increasing popularity of nonsurgical cosmetic treatments with the use of hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite shows how effective and versatile these treatments can be. However, this is very likely to increase the number of complications that occur. Treatment protocols exist for vascular complications due to injections with hyaluronic acids. However, protocols for such events due to injections with calcium hydroxylapatite are less defined. The author suggests an exemplified protocol for the basis of managing such life-changing complications of impending necrosis after injections with calcium hydroxyapatite.
Inferiorly Based Alar Groove Flap for Correction of Alar Base Malposition and Nasal Stenosis
Authors: Patel Niki , Horriat Narges L. , Brownlee Pamela , Humphries Laura , Hoppe Ian C. 
Published: May 2022

Summary:
When the external nasal valve (ENV) is excessively narrow or lacks support, nasal obstruction can develop causing decreased airflow. Although cartilage grafts may support a collapsed nasal ala, addressing severe nasal stenosis requires further intervention. Techniques to move flared ala inward are well-known; however, repositioning a medially displaced alar base is less commonly described. Our surgical team developed an inferiorly based alar groove flap to achieve lateral movement of a malpositioned alar base, with goals of widening the ENV and improving nasal symmetry and cosmesis. A retrospective chart review was performed on a series of five patients over a two-year period. Charts were reviewed for demographic data, medical and surgical history, functional airway complaints, and subjective aesthetic concerns. All patients presented with unilateral ENV collapse, alar base malposition, and nostril asymmetry. Our operative method consisted of repositioning the affected alar base laterally and inferiorly to alleviate nostril stenosis and using an alar rim graft to support the ENV. Postoperatively, all patients demonstrated immediate alleviation of subjective nasal obstruction and improvement in size of ENV aperture, nostril symmetry, and overall cosmesis. Four patients showed lasting postoperative results. One patient experienced restenosis by 4 months and required revision. Our inferiorly based alar groove flap provides a reproducible solution for repositioning a medially displaced alar base. This technique reliably corrects ENV stenosis, relieves airway obstruction, and improves nasal symmetry and cosmesis.
Survival of umbilicus on a superiorly based flap after fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty
Authors: Savva Demetris , Nittari Giulio , Gibelli Filippo , Vassiliou Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Massive weight loss patients have a midline excess of abdominal adipose and skin tissue that contributes to an increased abdominal girth. This excess of tissue in these patients is not resolved with traditional techniques of abdominoplasty and usually the fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty technique is employed.

Patient concerns:
A 22-year-old male patient came to our clinic after a massive weight loss of 170 kg, requesting an abdominoplasty for the excess adipose and skin tissue.

Diagnosis:
Massive weight loss patient, with excess of adipose and skin tissue in the midline abdominal area.

Interventions:
Fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty technique was employed for treatment of massive weight loss.

Outcomes:
During the surgery, it was decided that the umbilicus blood supply via the inferior epigastric artery and median umbilical ligament needed to be ligated, to remove more tissue for better aesthetic result. The umbilicus survived on the collateral blood supply from ligamentum teres and superior epigastric collaterals.

Conclusion/Lessons:
In this case report we review our experience treating a massive weight loss patient using a fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty technique without preserving the umbilicus blood supply via the inferior epigastric artery and median umbilical ligament. We eventually relied on the collateral blood supply from ligamentum teres and superior epigastric collaterals, something that proved advantageous both in the survival of the umbilicus on the long run despite cutting off the main blood supply, and, the removal of further excess adipocutaneous tissue for a better aesthetic outcome.
The efficacy of cognitive behavior stress management on functional dyspepsia
Authors: Cheng Min , Zhou Xiu-E. , Xu Yu-Chen , Dou Hong-Mei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Functional dyspepsia and digestive disorders are common, debilitating and costly. Little information is available about the role of stress management in terms of cognitive-behavioral treatment of dyspepsia. We performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior stress management for the treatment of functional dyspepsia.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of several databases from 1966 to March 2022 will be conducted. The databases include Ovid Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus. The primary outcome for this study was the rate of successful treatment (presence of no more than mild pain or discomfort after treatment). The secondary outcomes were improvement of dyspepsia at short-term (<1 year) and long-term (≥1 year) follow up, improvement in quality of life, and development of treatment-related adverse events. The risk of bias in each included study will be assessed utilizing the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) will be used to analyze the data.

Results:
We will synthesize the current studies to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cognitive behavior stress management on functional dyspepsia.

Conclusion:
The result of this review will provide more reliable references to help clinicians make decisions when dealing with functional dyspepsia.
Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern
Authors: Mohsin Md , Mahmud Sultan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Omicron, the new Covid-19 variant, has already become dominant in many countries and is spreading at an unprecedented speed. The objective of this study was to review the existing literature on Omicron's transmissibility, immune evasion, reinfection, and severity.
A literature search was performed using “PubMed,” “Web of Science,” “Scopus,” “ScienceDirect,” “Google Scholar,” “medRxiv,” and “bioRxiv.” Data were extracted from articles that reported at least one of the following: transmissibility, immune evasion, reinfection, and severity related to Omicron.
We found that Omicron spread faster than any other variant. This higher transmissibility can be ascribed to its extraordinary ability to evade the immunity developed by both vaccination and previous infections. However, we found that infections by Omicron were significantly less severe than those caused by Delta and other previous variants. We observed a significantly lower incidence of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilator use in Omicron infections than in Delta or other variants. A substantially shorter median hospital stay and lower fatality rate were also observed in the Omicron infections. Despite Omicron's higher potential to evade immunity, vaccines and booster shots were found to be still significantly effective in protecting against severe Covid-19 infections.
Omicrons may be less severe than other variants of concern. However, its immune evasiveness and rapid spread pose an enormous threat to the global healthcare system.
Duplex ultrasound for assessing vascular impairment after supracondylar humerus fractures
Authors: Storch Katja , Schultz Jurek , Fitze Guido 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Supracondylar humerus fractures (SHF) are the second most common fracture in children and the most common fracture in children under seven years. Subtle neurovascular lesions in displaced SHF may be underdiagnosed clinically, but their sequelae can mean life-long symptoms. Here we show that color-coded duplex ultrasound (DUS) could help to identify these patients.

Methods:
We reviewed records of 229 children who had recovered from SHF. Ninety patients were available for detailed questionnaires, in-depth neurovascular examinations, and DUS.

Results:
In 90 examined patients, only two had been known to have suffered from vascular complications before our study. Only one still complained spontaneously about perfusion-induced symptoms. Qualitative changes in blood flow in duplex-sonography were detectable in both. Another two patients showed similar changes in blood flow at the fracture site. Both reported load-induced pain and paresthesia on detailed inquisition when no vascular impairments had been known before. Thus, duplex-sonography identified two patients with vascular affections that had not been noticed before in routine clinical examinations.

Conclusion:
DUS can be a sensitive tool in diagnosing vascular impairments in patients with SHF. It could reduce diagnostic insecurity, especially in anesthetized or otherwise hard to examine children, and thus help avoid the therapeutic delay that otherwise might foster life-long sequelae for the patients. More studies are needed to establish age-adjusted reference values for duplex-sonography of children's arms. Level of Evidence: Level III, Study of nonconsecutive patients (without consistently applied reference).
Impact of lenvatinib on renal function compared to sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sasaki Ryu , Fukushima Masanori , Haraguchi Masafumi , Honda Takuya , Miuma Satoshi , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Anti-VEGF drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, play an important role in systemic therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). We examined the effects of sorafenib and lenvatinib on proteinuria and renal function.
Patients who were administered sorafenib (n = 85) or lenvatinib (n = 52) as first line treatment for uHCC from July 2009 to October 2020, were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. A propensity score analysis including 13 baseline characteristics was performed. Eighty four patients were selected (sorafenib, n = 42; lenvatinib, n = 42) by propensity score matching (one-to-one nearest neighbor matching within a caliper of 0.2). We analyzed changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, as well as the development of proteinuria in both groups. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of a deterioration of eGFR.
At 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, ΔeGFR was significantly lower in the lenvatinib group than in the sorafenib group (P < .05). The lenvatinib group showed a significantly higher frequency of proteinuria than the sorafenib group (30.9% vs 7.1%, P = .005) and had a higher rate of decrease in eGFR than the sorafenib group (P < .05). Multivariate analysis revealed that lenvatinib use was the only predictive factor of eGFR deterioration (odds ratio 2.547 [95% CI 1.028–6.315], P = .043). In cases of proteinuria ≤1+ during lenvatinib treatment, eGFR did not decrease. However, eGFR decreased in the long term (>24 weeks) in patients who have proteinuria ≥2+.
Lenvatinib has a greater effect on proteinuria and renal function than sorafenib. In performing multi-molecular targeted agent sequential therapy for uHCC, proteinuria and renal function are important factors associated with drug selection after atezolizumab-bevacizumab combination therapy currently used as the first-line treatment.
Observational studies: Ambient air pollution and hospitalization for RA-ILD in a heavily polluted city in China
Authors: Liu Baojin , Sun Guangzhi , Liu Ying , Hou Yanfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLittle is known within the medical community about the impact of air pollution on hospital admissions due to rheumatoid arthritis associated with interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Our research aimed to explore whether there is a correlation and to estimate how the association was distributed across various lags in Jinan, China.The relationships between ambient air pollutant concentrations, including PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and monthly hospitalizations for RA-ILD were studied by employing a general linear model with a Poisson distribution. This time-series study was performed from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2019.In the 5-year study, there were 221 hospitalizations for RA-ILD in Jinan city. The levels of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2were significantly related to the number of admissions for RA-ILD. PM2.5, PM10, and SO2showed the most significant effect on the month (lag 0), and NO2was most related to RA-ILD at a lag of two months (lag 2). The monthly admissions of RA-ILD increased by 0.875% (95% CI: 0.375–1.377%), 0.548% (95% CI: 0.148–0.949%), 1.968% (95% CI: 0.869–3.080%), and 1.534% (95% CI: 0.305–2.778%) for each 10 μg/m3increase in PM2.5, PM10, SO2and NO2, respectively.This study might add more detailed evidence that higher levels of PM2.5, PM10, SO2and NO2increase the risk of hospitalizations for RA-ILD. Further study of the role of air pollution in the pathogenesis of RA-ILD is warranted.