bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience to stress in bipartite networks: application to the Islamic State recruitment network
Authors: Wang Selena , Edgerton Jared 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Networks are resilient to internal failures or external attacks. The resiliency is often beneficial, but there are scenarios where the collapse of a network would benefit society, such as the dismantlement of terrorist, rebel or organized crime groups. In this article, we develop a method to estimate the effect of knockouts and apply our method to the Islamic State recruitment network. Using our novel application, we demonstrate how coordinated attacks against recruiters might reduce the Islamic State’s ability to mobilize new fighters. This analysis has direct implications for research on network resilience and terrorist recruitment.
Detailed behaviour of endothelial wall shear stress across coronary lesions from non-invasive imaging with coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: van den Hoogen Inge J , Schultz Jussi , Kuneman Jurrien H , de Graaf Michiel A , Kamperidis Vasileios , Broersen Alexander , Jukema J Wouter , Sakellarios Antonis , Nikopoulos Sotirios , Kyriakidis Savvas , Naka Katerina K , Michalis Lampros , Fotiadis Dimitrios I , Maaniitty Teemu , Saraste Antti , Bax Jeroen J , Knuuti Juhani 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsEvolving evidence suggests that endothelial wall shear stress (ESS) plays a crucial role in the rupture and progression of coronary plaques by triggering biological signalling pathways. We aimed to investigate the patterns of ESS across coronary lesions from non-invasive imaging with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and to define plaque-associated ESS values in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods and resultsSymptomatic patients with CAD who underwent a clinically indicated CCTA scan were identified. Separate core laboratories performed blinded analysis of CCTA for anatomical and ESS features of coronary atherosclerosis. ESS was assessed using dedicated software, providing minimal and maximal ESS values for each 3 mm segment. Each coronary lesion was divided into upstream, start, minimal luminal area (MLA), end and downstream segments. Also, ESS ratios were calculated using the upstream segment as a reference. From 122 patients (mean age 64 ± 7 years, 57% men), a total of 237 lesions were analyzed. Minimal and maximal ESS values varied across the lesions with the highest values at the MLA segment [minimal ESS 3.97 Pa (IQR 1.93–8.92 Pa) and maximal ESS 5.64 Pa (IQR 3.13–11.21 Pa), respectively]. Furthermore, minimal and maximal ESS values were positively associated with stenosis severity (P &lt; 0.001), percent atheroma volume (P &lt; 0.001), and lesion length (P ≤ 0.023) at the MLA segment. Using ESS ratios, similar associations were observed for stenosis severity and lesion length.ConclusionsDetailed behaviour of ESS across coronary lesions can be derived from routine non-invasive CCTA imaging. This may further improve risk stratification.
Peer Effects in Academic Research: Senders and Receivers
Authors: Bosquet Clément , Combes Pierre-Philippe , Henry Emeric , Mayer Thierry 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Using an instrument based on a national contest in France determining researchers’ location, we find evidence of peer effects in academia, when focusing on precise groups of senders (producing the spillovers) and receivers (benefiting from the spillovers), defined based on field of specialisation, gender and age. These peer effects are present even outside formal co-authorship relationships. Furthermore, the match between the characteristics of senders and receivers plays a critical role. In particular, men benefit a lot from peer effects provided by other men, while all other types of gender combinations produce spillovers twice as small. Part of the peer effects results from researchers switching research fields.
Repair of insufficient aortic valve and single coronary artery with intramural course
Authors: Ikeno Yuki , Motoki Tatsuo , Kurushima Atsushi , Fukumura Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report about a patient with severe bicuspid aortic valve insufficiency and a single coronary artery with an intramural course. Aortic valve repair with double plication and coronary translocation was satisfactory.
How do informal international organizations govern? The G20 and orchestration
Authors: Downie Christian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One dimension of the growth in informal global governance has been the rapid rise in the number of informal international organizations (IOs). While some of these organizations, such as the Group of Twenty (G20), are now at the centre of global debates across multiple policy domains we know very little about how they govern. We do not have answers to critical questions, including to what extent do informal IOs rely on indirect forms of governance? On what basis do they select IOs as intermediaries? And why do IOs choose to participate as intermediaries? Drawing on an original database of G20 orchestration between 2008 and 2019, combined with interviews with IO officials and G20 negotiators, this article provides answers to these questions. The data highlight the frequency of G20 orchestration, the importance of capabilities and control in intermediary selection, and IO efforts to solicit G20 orchestration. The findings advance debates on informal IOs to consider how they govern, how intermediaries like the OECD can shape G20 agendas, and why IOs participate in these indirect governance arrangements.
Environmental Cue Integration and Phenology in a Changing World
Authors: Watts Heather E , Robart Ashley R , Hahn Thomas P , Gomulkiewicz Richard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many organisms use environmental cues to time events in their annual cycle, such as reproduction and migration, with the appropriate timing of such events impacting survival and reproduction. As the climate changes, evolved mechanisms of cue use may facilitate or limit the capacity of organisms to adjust phenology accordingly, and organisms often integrate multiple cues to fine-tune the timing of annual events. Yet, our understanding of how suites of cues are integrated to generate observed patterns of seasonal timing remains nascent. We present an overarching framework to describe variation in the process of cue integration in the context of seasonal timing. This framework incorporates both cue dependency and cue interaction. We then summarize how existing empirical findings across a range of vertebrate species and life cycle events fit into this framework. Finally, we use a theoretical model to explore how variation in modes of cue integration may impact the ability of organisms to adjust phenology adaptively in the face of climate change. Such a theoretical approach can facilitate the exploration of complex scenarios that present challenges to study in vivo but capture important complexity of the natural world.
Role of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in predicting the pathological response and prognosis after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Tanahashi Masayuki , Suzuki Eriko , Yoshii Naoko , Watanabe Takuya , Tsuchida Hiroyuki , Yobita Shogo , Iguchi Kensuke , Uchiyama Suiha , Nakamura Minori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The present study compared the utility of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) for predicting the pathological response and prognosis following neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS
This retrospective analysis included 72 patients in whom adjacent structures showed involvement and/or cN2 NSCLC who received induction chemoradiotherapy (ICRT) and subsequent surgery at our hospital from 2008 to 2019. FDG-PET and CT were performed in all patients before and after ICRT using the same scanner with similar techniques. We calculated the reduction in the maximum standardized uptake value in FDG-PET (ΔSUVmax) and tumour size on CT (ΔCT-size) before and after ICRT and investigated the relationship between the pathological response and prognosis.

RESULTS
The disease response was classified as a major pathological response in 43 patients, and a minor response in 29 patients. ΔSUVmax 60% and ΔCT-size 30% were identified as the optimal cut-off values for predicting a major pathological response. ΔSUVmax was superior to ΔCT-size in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Furthermore, ΔSUVmax was superior to ΔCT-size for predicting the prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the present study, FDG-PET appeared to have greater utility than CT in predicting the pathological response following ICRT and the postoperative prognosis in patients with locally advanced NSCLC.
The theory behind vessel length determination using gas flow rates and comparison between two pneumatic methods based on seven woody species
Authors: Peng Guoquan , Geng Hongru , Li Yaxin , Ren Zhiyang , Peng Juan , Cao Lei , Pereira Luciano , Tyree Melvin T , Yang Dongmei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn plants, xylem vessel length is important for long-distance water transport; however, the currently used methods for vessel length measurement are inconvenient and time-consuming. The recently developed semi-automated Pneumatron is a device based on the pneumatic theory that is similar to the air-injection method, and can rapidly estimate vessel length. Mean vessel length was compared between the Pneumatron and the air-injection method in seven woody species with a wide range of vessel lengths (2.3–78.7 cm). The results were consistent between the two methods, regardless of whether the same or different samples were used. The theory underlying the gas flow in vessels was improved and expanded, and compared to that underlying the water flow in order to better understand the pneumatic processes within a stem sample. Moreover, a new and simple equation for gas flow in vessels was derived based on the molar gas flow (mol s-1) rather than volume flow, because the former remains constant with distance throughout the stem axis. We strongly recommend using the Pneumatron in future studies owing to its low cost, convenience, rapidity, and simple operation. However, a number of potential issues need to be considered to avoid artifacts during measurements.
Nuclear movement in growing Arabidopsis root hairs involves both actin filaments and microtubules
Authors: Brueggeman Justin M , Windham Ian A , Nebenführ Andreas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nuclear migration during growth and development is a conserved phenomenon among many eukaryotic species. In Arabidopsis, movement of the nucleus is important for root hair growth, but the detailed mechanism behind this movement is not well known. Previous studies in different cell types have reported that the myosin XI-I motor protein is responsible for this nuclear movement by attaching to the nuclear transmembrane protein complex WIT1/WIT2. Here, we analyzed nuclear movement in growing root hairs of wild-type, myosin xi-i, and wit1 wit2 Arabidopsis lines in the presence of actin and microtubule-disrupting inhibitors to determine the individual effects of actin filaments and microtubules on nuclear movement. We discovered that forward nuclear movement during root hair growth can occur in the absence of myosin XI-I, suggesting the presence of an alternative actin-based mechanism that mediates rapid nuclear displacements. By quantifying nuclear movements with high temporal resolution during the initial phase of inhibitor treatment, we determined that microtubules work to dampen erratic nuclear movements during root hair growth. We also observed microtubule-dependent backwards nuclear movement when actin filaments were impaired in the absence of myosin XI-I, indicating the presence of complex interactions between the cytoskeletal arrays during nuclear movements in growing root hairs.
Long-term instability of the inner Solar system: numerical experiments
Authors: Hoang Nam H , Mogavero Federico , Laskar Jacques 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTApart from being chaotic, the inner planets in the Solar system constitute an open system, as they are forced by the regular long-term motion of the outer ones. No integrals of motion can bound a priori the stochastic wanderings in their high-dimensional phase space. Still, the probability of a dynamical instability is remarkably low over the next 5 billion years, a time-scale 1000 times longer than the Lyapunov time. The dynamical half-life of Mercury has indeed been estimated recently at 40 billion years. By means of the computer algebra system trip, we consider a set of dynamical models resulting from truncation of the forced secular dynamics recently proposed for the inner planets at different degrees in eccentricities and inclinations. Through ensembles of 103–105 numerical integrations spanning 5–100 Gyr, we find that the Hamiltonian truncated at degree 4 practically does not allow any instability over 5 Gyr. The destabilization is mainly due to terms of degree 6. This surprising result suggests an analogy to the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem, in which tangency to Toda Hamiltonian explains the very long time-scale of thermalization, which Fermi unsuccessfully looked for.
Dark matter cores in massive high-z galaxies formed by baryonic clumps
Authors: Ogiya Go , Nagai Daisuke 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The rotation curves of some star-forming massive galaxies at redshift two decline over the radial range of a few times the effective radius, indicating a significant deficit of dark matter (DM) mass in the galaxy centre. The DM mass deficit is interpreted as the existence of a DM density core rather than the cuspy structure predicted by the standard cosmological model. A recent study proposed that a galaxy merger, in which the smaller satellite galaxy is significantly compacted by dissipative contraction of the galactic gas, can heat the centre of the host galaxy and help make a large DM core. By using an N-body simulation, we find that a large amount of DM mass is imported to the centre by the merging satellite, making this scenario an unlikely solution for the DM mass deficit. In this work, we consider giant baryonic clumps in high-redshift galaxies as alternative heating source for creating the baryon dominated galaxies with a DM core. Due to dynamical friction, the orbit of clumps decays in a few Gyr and the baryons condensate at the galactic centre. As a back-reaction, the halo centre is heated up and the density cusp is flattened out. The combination of the baryon condensation and core formation makes the galaxy baryon dominated in the central 2–5 kpc, comparable to the effective radius of the observed galaxies. Thus, the dynamical heating by giant baryonic clumps is a viable mechanism for explaining the observed dearth of DM in high redshift galaxies.
SubcellulaRVis: a web-based tool to simplify and visualise subcellular compartment enrichment
Authors: Watson Joanne , Smith Michael , Francavilla Chiara , Schwartz Jean-Marc 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cells contain intracellular compartments, including membrane-bound organelles and the nucleus, and are surrounded by a plasma membrane. Proteins are localised to one or more of these cellular compartments; the correct localisation of proteins is crucial for their correct processing and function. Moreover, proteins and the cellular processes they partake in are regulated by relocalisation in response to various cellular stimuli. High-throughput ‘omics experiments result in a list of proteins or genes of interest; one way in which their functional role can be understood is through the knowledge of their subcellular localisation, as deduced through statistical enrichment for Gene Ontology Cellular Component (GOCC) annotations or similar. We have designed a bioinformatics tool, named SubcellulaRVis, that compellingly visualises the results of GOCC enrichment for quick interpretation of the localisation of a group of proteins (rather than single proteins). We demonstrate that SubcellulaRVis precisely describes the subcellular localisation of gene lists whose locations have been previously ascertained. SubcellulaRVis can be accessed via the web (http://phenome.manchester.ac.uk/subcellular/) or as a stand-alone app (https://github.com/JoWatson2011/subcellularvis). SubcellulaRVis will be useful for experimental biologists with limited bioinformatics expertise who want to analyse data related to protein (re)localisation and location-specific modules within the intracellular protein network.
Intra-axonal translation of Khsrp mRNA slows axon regeneration by destabilizing localized mRNAs
Authors: Patel Priyanka , Buchanan Courtney N , Zdradzinski Matthew D , Sahoo Pabitra K , Kar Amar N , Lee Seung Joon , Vaughn Lauren S , Urisman Anatoly , Oses-Prieto Juan , Dell’Orco Michela , Cassidy Devon E , Costa Irene Dalla , Miller Sharmina , Thames Elizabeth , Smith Terika P , Burlingame Alma L , Perrone-Bizzozero Nora , Twiss Jeffery L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Axonally synthesized proteins support nerve regeneration through retrograde signaling and local growth mechanisms. RNA binding proteins (RBP) are needed for this and other aspects of post-transcriptional regulation of neuronal mRNAs, but only a limited number of axonal RBPs are known. We used targeted proteomics to profile RBPs in peripheral nerve axons. We detected 76 proteins with reported RNA binding activity in axoplasm, and levels of several change with axon injury and regeneration. RBPs with altered levels include KHSRP that decreases neurite outgrowth in developing CNS neurons. Axonal KHSRP levels rapidly increase after injury remaining elevated up to 28 days post axotomy. Khsrp mRNA localizes into axons and the rapid increase in axonal KHSRP is through local translation of Khsrp mRNA in axons. KHSRP can bind to mRNAs with 3’UTR AU-rich elements and targets those transcripts to the cytoplasmic exosome for degradation. KHSRP knockout mice show increased axonal levels of KHSRP target mRNAs, Gap43, Snap25, and Fubp1, following sciatic nerve injury and these mice show accelerated nerve regeneration in vivo. Together, our data indicate that axonal translation of the RNA binding protein Khsrp mRNA following nerve injury serves to promote decay of other axonal mRNAs and slow axon regeneration.
DrugVirus.info 2.0: an integrative data portal for broad-spectrum antivirals (BSA) and BSA-containing drug combinations (BCCs)
Authors: Ianevski Aleksandr , Simonsen Ronja M , Myhre Vegard , Tenson Tanel , Oksenych Valentyn , Bjørås Magnar , Kainov Denis E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Viruses can cross species barriers and cause unpredictable outbreaks in man with substantial economic and public health burdens. Broad-spectrum antivirals, (BSAs, compounds inhibiting several human viruses), and BSA-containing drug combinations (BCCs) are deemed as immediate therapeutic options that fill the void between virus identification and vaccine development. Here, we present DrugVirus.info 2.0 (https://drugvirus.info), an integrative interactive portal for exploration and analysis of BSAs and BCCs, that greatly expands the database and functionality of DrugVirus.info 1.0 webserver. Through the data portal that now expands the spectrum of BSAs and provides information on BCCs, we developed two modules for (i) interactive analysis of users’ own antiviral drug and combination screening data and their comparison with published datasets, and (ii) exploration of the structure–activity relationship between various BSAs. The updated portal provides an essential toolbox for antiviral drug development and repurposing applications aiming to identify existing and novel treatments of emerging and re-emerging viral threats.
The C-terminal LCAR of host ANP32 proteins interacts with the influenza A virus nucleoprotein to promote the replication of the viral RNA genome
Authors: Wang Fangzheng , Sheppard Carol M , Mistry Bhakti , Staller Ecco , Barclay Wendy S , Grimes Jonathan M , Fodor Ervin , Fan Haitian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The segmented negative-sense RNA genome of influenza A virus is assembled into ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNP) with viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and nucleoprotein (NP). It is in the context of these RNPs that the polymerase transcribes and replicates viral RNA (vRNA). Host acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 (ANP32) family proteins play an essential role in vRNA replication by mediating the dimerization of the viral polymerase via their N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. However, whether the C-terminal low-complexity acidic region (LCAR) plays a role in RNA synthesis remains unknown. Here, we report that the LCAR is required for viral genome replication during infection. Specifically, we show that the LCAR directly interacts with NP and this interaction is mutually exclusive with RNA. Furthermore, we show that the replication of a short vRNA-like template that can be replicated in the absence of NP is less sensitive to LCAR truncations compared with the replication of full-length vRNA segments which is NP-dependent. We propose a model in which the LCAR interacts with NP to promote NP recruitment to nascent RNA during influenza virus replication, ensuring the co-replicative assembly of RNA into RNPs.
Organization of gene programs revealed by unsupervised analysis of diverse gene–trait associations
Authors: Mizikovsky Dalia , Naval Sanchez Marina , Nefzger Christian M , Cuellar Partida Gabriel , Palpant Nathan J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Genome wide association studies provide statistical measures of gene–trait associations that reveal how genetic variation influences phenotypes. This study develops an unsupervised dimensionality reduction method called UnTANGLeD (Unsupervised Trait Analysis of Networks from Gene Level Data) which organizes 16,849 genes into discrete gene programs by measuring the statistical association between genetic variants and 1,393 diverse complex traits. UnTANGLeD reveals 173 gene clusters enriched for protein–protein interactions and highly distinct biological processes governing development, signalling, disease, and homeostasis. We identify diverse gene networks with robust interactions but not associated with known biological processes. Analysis of independent disease traits shows that UnTANGLeD gene clusters are conserved across all complex traits, providing a simple and powerful framework to predict novel gene candidates and programs influencing orthogonal disease phenotypes. Collectively, this study demonstrates that gene programs co-ordinately orchestrating cell functions can be identified without reliance on prior knowledge, providing a method for use in functional annotation, hypothesis generation, machine learning and prediction algorithms, and the interpretation of diverse genomic data.