bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zonations and oscillations via heterotrophic processes in tidal unvegetated aquifers
Authors: Yao Yuting , Kong Jun , Zhang Chenming , Tang Zixuan , Shen Chengji , Luo Zhaoyang , Lu Chunhui , Feng Xuejun , Sun Yang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobal‐change drivers that alter tidal amplitude or sea level could directly impact coastal aquifers' seawater–microbe interactions. The semidiurnal or diurnal tide can have consequences for chemical redistribution, because it deepens oxygen and nutrients penetration depth, thereby increasing O2 depletion via microbial respiration in sediments during groundwater circulation. However, chemical and microbial distributions in tidal aquifers remain unclear, in deference to their link with depth and lateral location. By combining the microbes‐accumulated equation with the traditional groundwater flow model in coastal aquifers, we explicitly unravelled the heterotrophic zonation, the salinity zonation, and the oxic zonation of tidal aquifers. According to the model estimates, salt penetrates deeper than reactive chemicals, and the heterotrophic high biomass zone is presumably 2–3 m deep. Such depth of heterotrophic distribution is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than phototrophic distribution. Additionally, heterotrophic biomass can exhibit faint oscillations, even under the tide forces, whereas dissolved chemicals fluctuate significantly with tidal pumps. Due to the transport of nutrients by tidal penetration, intertidal sediments have a higher respiration rate than subtidal sediments, converting more organic carbon from seawater to atmospheric CO2 via microbes. We demonstrate that heterotrophic biomass may play the dominant role in the chemical reactions of nearshore sediments. Our results confirm the efficacy of unvegetated tidal sediments that rely on ubiquitous heterotrophs as a driver of oxygen consumption and DOC transformation. These steps above will allow for better field investigations of coastal aquifers within a framework of zonations and oscillations.
Attachment security to mothers and fathers: A meta‐analysis on mean‐level differences and correlations of behavioural measures
Authors: Pinquart Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present meta‐analysis tested for differences between security of attachment to mothers and fathers. We also analysed associations between security with mothers and fathers. A systematic search in electronic databases identified 95 studies on behavioural measures of attachment to both parents that were included in random‐effects meta‐analyses. Although security of attachment to fathers was significantly lower than security of attachment to mothers, mean‐level differences were very small (g = −0.07). Differences were smaller if more intact families participated. There was a significant correlation of security with mothers and fathers (r = 0.32) and larger associations were found in studies with the Strange Situation rather than the Attachment Q‐Set, in studies with older children, and in more recent studies. Further research is recommended on factors that explain observed correlations and mean‐level differences.
Ectopic first pregnancy treated by methotrexate versus salpingectomy—Maternal and perinatal outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy: A retrospective study
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Ohayon Aviran , Weissbach Tal , Burke Yechiel Z. , Meyer Raanan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study obstetric outcomes of a second pregnancy among women with a first ectopic pregnancy (EP) treated with methotrexate compared with laparoscopic salpingectomy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including all women with a first EP and a following pregnancy that concluded by delivery at ≥24 weeks of gestation between March 2011 and April 2021. Second pregnancy outcomes were compared between women treated with methotrexate and those treated with salpingectomy in their first pregnancy.ResultsOverall, 125 women were included, of which 64 (51.2%) were treated with methotrexate and 61 (48.8%) were treated with salpingectomy. In women treated with salpingectomy, the proportion of women conceiving by in vitro fertilization and those with measured gestational sac diameter or β‐subunit human chorionic gonadotropin was higher. The proportion of women conceiving by in vitro fertilization in their second pregnancy was higher in the salpingectomy group (55.2% versus 18.0%, P < 0.001). All maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar in both groups.The rate of low birth weight < 2500 g was 7.8% in the methotrexate group versus 18% in the salpingectomy group (P = 0.111).ConclusionMaternal and neonatal outcomes of a second pregnancy among women treated for EP in their first pregnancy are similar in women treated by methotrexate and those treated by salpingectomy.
Establishing a novel inflammatory bowel disease prediction model based on gene markers identified from single nucleotide variants of the intestinal microbiota
Authors: Jiang Shuaiming , Chen Denghui , Ma Chenchen , Liu Huanwei , Huang Shi , Zhang Jiachao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe intestinal microbiota is a crucial environmental factor in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is significantly decreased in IBD patients, which is used as a biomarker for IBD diagnosis. However, this can be observed in both IBD and colorectal cancer, which would confound the diagnostic results. Thus, we first established a new model for predicting Crohn's disease (CD) with high precision according to gene characteristics based on single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Next, five gene markers belonging to two species, F. prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale, that were enriched in the CD group were obtained to build a CD prediction model, and high accuracy in distinguishing the CD and control groups was observed in the discovery (area under curve [AUC] = 91.13%) and validation cohorts (AUC = 79.55%). The model still maintained high accuracy after expanding the healthy cohort (AUC = 89.75%). High disease specificity in distinguishing CD and CRC groups (AUC = 95.74%) was also proven. This study establishes a novel diagnostic method for predicting IBD that also provides unprecedented insight for the early, painless diagnosis of other non‐communicable diseases.
Extended near Skolem sequences, Part III
Authors: Baker Catharine A. , Linek Vaclav , Shalaby Nabil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA ‐extended ‐near Skolem sequence of order , denoted by , is a sequence where and for each integer there are two indices , such that and . For an to exist it is necessary that when and when , where , . Any triple satisfying these conditions is called admissible. In this manuscript, which is Part III of three manuscripts, we construct the remaining sequences; that is, for all admissible with and .
Lactoferrin improves the immune response and resistance of silver carp, a hematological, light (histochemical and immunohistochemical), fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Soliman Soha A. , Emeish Walaa F. A. , Abdel‐Hafeez Hanan Hassan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that has roles in iron metabolism, cell generation and differentiation, and antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activity. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy. Two diet regimes, a basic diet and a 600‐mg/kg bovine lactoferrin‐supplemented diet were used. The fish were fed for 30 successive days. We included 270 apparently healthy silver carp (H. Molitrix) with an average body weight of 10 ± 2 g/fish. Addition of lactoferrin to the diet led to an increase in the activity of non‐specific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices. The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen. The lactoferrin‐supplemented diet significantly increased survival and disease resistance following V. vulnificus challenge, which seemed to correspond to an enhancement of non‐specific immune functions in H. molitrix.Research Highlights
The study evaluates the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) infected with Vibrio vulnificus.
The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy.
Lactoferrin increases the activity of nonspecific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices.
The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen.
Comparison of endoscopic underlay and over‐under tympanoplasty techniques for type I tympanoplasty
Authors: Bao James W. , Zhan Kevin Y. , Wick Cameron C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the indications and efficacy of endoscopic over‐under tympanoplasty versus endoscopic underlay tympanoplasty.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients undergoing type I endoscopic tympanoplasty via either an underlay or over‐under technique by a single surgeon from 2017 to 2021. Patients were excluded if they had a concurrent mastoidectomy, ossiculoplasty, or advanced cholesteatoma defined by involvement of multiple subsites. Patient demographics, perforation size and location, middle ear status, preoperative and postoperative audiograms, and perforation closure were reviewed. Middle ear status was represented using the Ossiculoplasty Outcome Parameter Score (OOPS). The primary outcome was perforation closure at most recent follow‐up and secondary outcomes were change in postoperative pure‐tone average (PTA) and air‐bone gap (ABG).ResultsOf 48 patients, 27 underwent endoscopic underlay tympanoplasty and 21 underwent endoscopic over‐under tympanoplasty. Tragal cartilage‐perichondrium graft was used in 90% of procedures. Distribution of OOPS scores was not significantly different between groups. Over‐ under technique addressed significantly larger perforations (mean size of 54% vs. 31%, p < .001) and a higher rate of anterior extension (95% vs. 22%, p < .001) than underlay technique. Perforation closure rate was not different between groups (95% vs. 96%). Patients experienced significant improvement in PTA and ABG in both groups.ConclusionThe endoscopic over‐under tympanoplasty is comparable to endoscopic underlay tympanoplasty in terms of graft take and audiologic improvement. The over‐under technique is effective for repairing larger perforations or those with anterior extension.Level of evidenceIV
Self‐Assembly Anchored Cationic Copolymer Interfaces for Applying the Control of Counterion‐Induced Bacteria Killing/Release Procedure
Authors: Chiu Chieh‐Yang , Lin Hao‐Tung , Yen Ta‐Jen , Chang Yung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, daily hygiene and disease control issues have received increasing attention, especially the raging epidemics caused by the spread of deadly viruses. The construction of the interface of new polymer materials is focused on, which can provide a cyclic operation process for the killing and releasing of bacteria, and perform repeated regeneration, which is of great significance for the development of advanced medical biomaterials. In order to explore the basic physical phenomena of bacterial attachment and detachment on the polymer material interface by different amine groups, this study plans to synthesize four different butyl methacrylate (BMA)‐based cationic copolymers with primary, ternary, and quaternary amine groups, and compare their effects on bactericidal efficiency. Since BMA can generate strong hydrophobic interactions with the benzene ring structure, this study used a polystyrene substrate to realize a self‐assembled cationic copolymer interface for controlling the counterion‐induced bacterial killing/release process. Furthermore, negatively charged ions are introduced to induce changes in the hydration capability of water molecules and control the subsequent bacterial detachment function. In this study, possible directions to answer and clarify the above concepts are proposed, and there is a basic reference principle that can lead to research work in macromolecular bioscience fields.
Recent advances in 3D printing hydrogel for topical drug delivery
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolymer hydrogel has been used as a drug delivery carrier for many decades. Recently, the emergence of three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology has opened up a new area for applications of drug delivery based on polymer hydrogel. A series of drug delivery platforms based on 3D printing hydrogel are developed to achieve local delivery of small/large molecule drugs as well as therapeutic cells. Compared with other manufacturing technologies, 3D printing technology can achieve high‐precision personalized manufacturing and complex spatial structure construction, which has a wide application prospect in the biomedical field. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in 3D printed polymer hydrogels as delivery platforms in drug and cell topical delivery. 3D printed drug delivery platform realizes drug delivery and controlled release locally. Meanwhile, precise control and manufacturing also provide conditions for customized drug delivery platforms. Besides this, a complex spatial structure constructed based on 3D printing technology is also conducive to cell proliferation and differentiation, providing a new carrier for tissue engineering and repair. Biomedical applications based on 3D printing technology promote the development of precision medicine and personalized medicine and provide a new direction for further research and application of 3D printing technology.
Pneumococcal vaccination—A literature review and practice guideline update
Authors: El‐Beyrouty Claudine , Buckler Rebecca , Mitchell Meghan , Phillips Samantha , Groome Sara 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains a significant cause of both mild infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis and more severe manifestations such as bacteremia, pneumonia, and invasive pneumococcal disease. Several key serotypes have been targeted in vaccine development due to their association with increased infectivity. Pneumococcal vaccines are available in two formulations, the unconjugated purified polysaccharide (PPSV) and the conjugated formulation (PCV), which leads to a more robust and prolonged immune response. There have been dramatic reductions in mortality attributed to invasive pneumococcal disease over the past 2 decades due to improved vaccination rates and improved serotype coverage with the existing arsenal of vaccines (PCV13 and PPSV23). Utilizing both conjugate and purified polysaccharide modalities in series has produced greater and lasting immunity. The development of both the PCV15 and the PCV20 vaccines provides an opportunity to use conjugated vaccines against a wider spectrum of pneumococcal serotypes. National guidelines have been updated to incorporate the new pneumococcal vaccines into clinical practice.
Thermokarst processes increase the supply of stabilizing surfaces and elements (Fe, Mn, Al, and Ca) for mineral–organic carbon interactions
Authors: Monhonval Arthur , Strauss Jens , Thomas Maxime , Hirst Catherine , Titeux Hugues , Louis Justin , Gilliot Alexia , du Bois d'Aische Eléonore , Pereira Benoît , Vandeuren Aubry , Grosse Guido , Schirrmeister Lutz , Jongejans Loeka L. , Ulrich Mathias , Opfergelt Sophie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe stabilizing properties of mineral–organic carbon (OC) interactions have been studied in many soil environments (temperate soils, podzol lateritic soils, and paddy soils). Recently, interest in their role in permafrost regions is increasing as permafrost was identified as a hotspot of change. In thawing ice‐rich permafrost regions, such as the Yedoma domain, 327–466 Gt of frozen OC is buried in deep sediments. Interactions between minerals and OC are important because OC is located very near the mineral matrix. Mineral surfaces and elements could mitigate recent and future greenhouse gas emissions through physical and/or physicochemical protection of OC. The dynamic changes in redox and pH conditions associated with thermokarst lake formation and drainage trigger metal‐oxide dissolution and precipitation, likely influencing OC stabilization and microbial mineralization. However, the influence of thermokarst processes on mineral–OC interactions remains poorly constrained. In this study, we aim to characterize Fe, Mn, Al, and Ca minerals and their potential protective role for OC. Total and selective extractions were used to assess the crystalline and amorphous oxides or complexed metal pools as well as the organic acids found within these pools. We analyzed four sediment cores from an ice‐rich permafrost area in Central Yakutia, which were drilled (i) in undisturbed Yedoma uplands, (ii) beneath a recent lake formed within Yedoma deposits, (iii) in a drained thermokarst lake basin, and (iv) beneath a mature thermokarst lake from the early Holocene period. We find a decrease in the amount of reactive Fe, Mn, Al, and Ca in the deposits on lake formation (promoting reduction reactions), and this was largely balanced by an increase in the amount of reactive metals in the deposits on lake drainage (promoting oxidation reactions). We demonstrate an increase in the metal to C molar ratio on thermokarst process, which may indicate an increase in metal–C bindings and could provide a higher protective role against microbial mineralization of organic matter. Finally, we find that an increase in mineral–OC interactions corresponded to a decrease in CO2 and CH4 gas emissions on thermokarst process. Mineral–OC interactions could mitigate greenhouse gas production from permafrost thaw as soon as lake drainage occurs.
Puerarin attenuates hepatic steatosis via G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor‐mediated calcium and SIRT1 signaling pathways
Authors: Pham Thi Hoa , Lee Gi Ho , Jin Sun Woo , Lee Seung Yeon , Han Eun Hee , Kim Nam Doo , Jeong Hye Gwang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPuerarin, the major bioactive ingredient isolated from the root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.), attenuates body weight gain and reduces lipid levels in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice; however, the underlying mechanism responsible for regulating lipid metabolism remains unclear. This study investigated the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the role of puerarin in regulating lipogenesis and lipolysis in human HepG2 cells. In this study, puerarin strongly inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP‐1c). Moreover, puerarin significantly induced the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which is responsible for triacylglycerol hydrolase activity in cells. Puerarin enhanced 5′ AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, which is a central regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Furthermore, this AMPK activation could be mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and calcium signaling pathways involved in G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) signaling. GPER blockage significantly reversed the effect of puerarin on lipid accumulation and the related signaling pathways. Docking studies showed that puerarin could bind in the GPER in a similar manner as GPER agonist G1. Our results suggest that puerarin can improve hepatic steatosis by activating GPER; it’s signaling cascade sequentially induced calcium and SIRT1 signaling pathways. Thus, puerarin may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Expediting recovery of autonomous underwater vehicles in dynamic mission environments: A system‐of‐systems challenge for underwater warfare
Authors: Keane James , Joiner Keith F. , Arulampalam Sanjeev , Webber Russ 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) adoption increases, operators demand advanced behaviors from commercial off‐the‐shelf systems. However, new behaviors can often only be deployed operationally once assured. This paper overviews research into expediting recovery to an operator's vessel through a custom homing behavior, demonstrating technology advancement in conjunction with test and evaluation activities. Advanced docking infrastructure and frameworks are still under development, yet current AUV operations require rapid and reliable recovery when mission factors change. Homing is achieved with a directional acoustic transponder providing range and bearing data to the AUV from the operator's vessel. A converted measurement Kalman filter processes range and bearing data that generates dynamic waypoints for the AUV through MOOS‐IvP as a backseat driver; a universal approach and filtering that is unique from prior AUV research. Results from simulations and field trials were analysed through a modular and experimental Test & Evaluation framework that was adopted specifically to help verify and validate the new AUV behavior, including systematic variations in recovery boat manoeuvres. The process includes documented use for the first time in AUV research of combinatorial screening (high throughput testing) and an average standardized residual metric to focus development early, encourage constructive iteration and build operational and engineering trust. Consistent homing was demonstrated with localization within 0.3 m and homing within 1.8 m of a moving digital acoustic transponder.
Electronic Metal‐Support Interaction Directing the Design of Fe(III)‐Based Catalysts for Efficient Advanced Oxidation Processes by Dual Reaction Paths
Authors: Xie Mingsen , Dai Fangfang , Wang Ying , Lv Weiqiang , Zhang Zhen , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) have a huge impact on human health due to their high toxicity and non‐degradability. It is still of great difficulty to develop highly efficient catalysts toward the degradation of POPs. Herein, it is reported that regulating electronic structure of quasi‐single atomic ferric iron (Fe(III)) in the VO2 support through the electronic metal‐support interaction (EMSI) is a versatile strategy to enhance the catalytic activity. Activated Fe(III) can react with peroxydisulfate (PDS) to produce both radicals and high‐valent iron (HVFe) simultaneously for the efficient and fast degradation of POPs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that the influence of EMSI promotes the electrons on Fe(III) 3d‐bond center moving close to the Fermi level, facilitating the charge transfer from Fe(III) to the adsorbate. Through the control experiments, both the radical path by PDS and the HVFe path aroused by the EMSI are confirmed in the POP degradation process. Consequently, the Fe/VO2 catalyst exhibits record‐breaking catalytic activity with the k‐value as high as 56.7, 43.3 µmol s−1 g−1 for p‐chlorophenol and 2,4‐dichlorophenol degradation, respectively.