bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical contribution in a time of crisis: Examining motivations and deterrents to COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donation and future donation intentions among prospective Canadian donors
Authors: Holloway Kelly , Campbell Chantal , Ali Ridwaanah , Huyer Larkin Davenport , Hart Dana , Haw Jennie , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Grundy Quinn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo understand motivations and deterrents to donate COVID‐19 convalescent plasma for a clinical trial and determine whether they predict intention to donate source plasma.BackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, Canadian Blood Services was involved in three nationally coordinated convalescent plasma clinical trials, requiring the recruitment of several thousand prospective convalescent plasma donors. Understanding the motivations and deterrents of donors in the unique context of a clinical trial and ongoing pandemic can inform recruitment for source plasma donation beyond a clinical trial.Methods and MaterialsWe invited 2785 Canadians who had registered interest in donating COVID‐19 convalescent plasma to participate in an online survey containing a 42‐item scale on motivators of and deterrents to donation. Between April 26th and May 19th, 2021, 979 responded (35.1%). We included a final sample of 820 participants with sufficient data across all scales. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis determined the factor structure of the scale. Regression analysis assessed the extent to which the factors predicted intention to donate.ResultsFour factors were identified: ‘helping relationally’, ‘deterrents to donation’, ‘social facilitators’, and ‘access to the donation centre’, each with good internal consistency (α = 0.78–95). Higher scores on the helping relationally scale were associated with higher odds of intention to donate, whereas higher scores on the deterrents scale were associated with lower odds of intention to donate.ConclusionParticipants were motivated by an interest in helping people who are ill and contributing to research committed to finding treatments in a time of crisis. Outside the crisis context, blood service operators seeking to recruit source plasma donors should emphasise its lifesaving potential and the impact of donation on the community.
Cold storage alters the immune characteristics of platelets and potentiates bacterial‐induced aggregation
Authors: Winskel‐Wood Ben , Padula Matthew P. , Marks Denese C. , Johnson Lacey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCold‐stored platelets are currently under clinical evaluation and have been approved for limited clinical use in the United States. Most studies have focused on the haemostatic functionality of cold‐stored platelets; however, limited information is available examining changes to their immune function.Materials and MethodsTwo buffy‐coat‐derived platelet components were combined and split into two treatment arms: room temperature (RT)‐stored (20–24°C) or refrigerated (cold‐stored, 2–6°C). The concentration of select soluble factors was measured in the supernatant using commercial ELISA kits. The abundance of surface receptors associated with immunological function was assessed by flow cytometry. Platelet aggregation was assessed in response toEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus, in the presence and absence of RGDS (blocks active conformation of integrin α2β3).ResultsCold‐stored platelet components contained a lower supernatant concentration of C3a, RANTES and PF4. The abundance of surface‐bound P‐selectin and integrin α2β3in the activated conformation increased during cold storage. In comparison, the abundance of CD86, CD44, ICAM‐2, CD40, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 was lower on the surface membrane of cold‐stored platelets compared to RT‐stored components. Cold‐stored platelets exhibited an increased responsiveness toE. coli‐andS. aureus‐induced aggregation compared to RT‐stored platelets. Inhibition of the active conformation of integrin α2β3using RGDS reduced the potentiation of bacterial‐induced aggregation in cold‐stored platelets.ConclusionOur data highlight that cold storage changes the in vitro immune characteristics of platelets, including their sensitivity to bacterial‐induced aggregation. Changes in these immune characteristics may have clinical implications post transfusion.
Multi-Objective Optimization of an Axial Flow Turbine Design Using Surrogate Modeling and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Abraham Aji M. , Anil Lal S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A surrogate model-based multi-objective design optimization methodology using a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is used to maximize the power output and efficiency of an axial flow turbine. A set of high-fidelity data obtained from ANSYS-CFD simulations on space-filling samples is used for developing a surrogate model. The methodology uses (i) a Latin hypercube experimental design for selecting space-filling samples, (ii) a genetic algorithm for determining parameters of a Kriging model, and (iii) axial gap, tip clearance, and rotation angle of nozzle profile of turbine as predictor variables. Flow in the turbine is characterized by the presence of jet and wake flow, shock in the rotor blade flow passage, and tip clearance vortex. Study shows that (i) the axial gap controls the mixing of the jet and the wake flows and provides proper blade incidence which reduces the shock strength in the rotor blade flow passages and (ii) an optimum sized tip clearance vortex controls tip clearance leakage. The optimization provided a set of Pareto-optimal solutions that are nondominated in terms of power and efficiency. Verification of a selected design configuration from the Pareto-optimal solution using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis showed that the process of optimization has been able to fine-tune the axial gap and the tip clearance.
Evaluating Tradeoffs for Swarm Reconnaissance With Autonomous Ground Vehicles
Authors: Goodin Christopher , Cagle Lucas , Henley Greg , Fereday Rhett , Carrillo Justin , Song Peilin , McInnis David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAutonomous ground vehicles (AGVs) operating collaboratively have several advantages over vehicles operating alone. An AGV team may be more resilient and efficient than a single AGV. Other advantages of AGV teams include increased coverage and multiple viewing angles of terrain features as well as resistance to failure from any single AGV. Additionally, AGV teams can explore large terrains more quickly and thoroughly than a single system. In this work, the feasibility of using a team of high-mobility AGV to explore a navigation corridor, map the terrain, and autonomously flag obstacles for future navigation is evaluated. Focusing on negative obstacles, the value of using multiple vehicles to map a navigation corridor is quantified. This study is the first to evaluate large teams of AGV collaborating in realistic off-road, 3D environments. The feasibility of the large-scale AGV team is demonstrated while avoiding the high cost of purchasing and testing large numbers of vehicles using the Mississippi State University autonomous vehicle simulator (MAVS), a high-fidelity, physics-based simulation tool. The cost and benefits of increasing the AGV team size are evaluated. The simulation results show how factors like fuel use, map coverage, and obstacle detection are influenced by increasing numbers of AGV in the team. The simulation architecture is presented and experiments quantifying the performance of the simulator are shown. Finally, a model for evaluating the tradeoff between mission effectiveness and fuel use is developed and presented to demonstrate the utility of this approach.
Axial Static Stiffness of Ball Screw Feed Drive System Incorporating Flexibility of Ball Screw and Rolling Bearing
Authors: Jiang Shuyun , Zhu Yongjin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Axial static stiffness is a main technical indicator for the ball screw feed drive system, and the elastic deformation outside the Hertz contact zone of the system affects its axial static stiffness. However, the influence of elastic deformation outside the Hertz contact zone on the axial stiffness has not been studied thoroughly. This study was to establish a flexible model of axial stiffness for the feeding system with considering the elastic deformation outside the Hertz contact zone. The axial stiffness of the feeding system was calculated using the proposed flexible model, and the model was verified by measuring the axial stiffness of the feeding system. The results show that the proposed flexible model can be more accurate compared with the conventional rigid model, and the method to analyze the elastic deformation outside the Hertz contact zone is practicable.
Effective Delivery of Pressure Training: Perspectives of Athletes and Sport Psychologists
Authors: Low William R. , Butt Joanne , Freeman Paul , Stoker Mike , Maynard Ian 
Published: May 2022

Pressure training (PT) strategically increases pressure in training to prepare athletes to perform under pressure. Although research has studied how to create pressure during training, PT’s effectiveness may depend on more than creating pressure. A practitioner’s delivery of sport psychology interventions can moderate their effectiveness, so the current study explored perspectives of sport psychologists and athletes on the characteristics of effective PT delivery in applied settings. Eight international-level athletes and eight sport psychologists participated in semistructured qualitative interviews in which they described their experience participating in or conducting PT, respectively. Thematic analysis produced four themes relating to effective delivery: (a) collaboration with athletes and coaches: “with,” not “to”; (b) integration into training; (c) upfront transparency; and (d) promoting learning before and after PT. The themes provide guidance for planning, conducting, and following up on PT sessions in applied settings. The best practices discussed could increase athletes’ receptiveness to PT.
Supplemental Material: Volcano-pluton connections at the Lake City magmatic center (Colorado, USA)
Authors: Pamukçu A.S. , al. et 
Published: May 2022

<p>Includes files containing detailed descriptions of CA-ID-TIMS-TEA sample preparation and data reduction procedures used; figures comparing TIMS ages calculated from different values of Th/U<sub>magma</sub>, REEs determined from the Plešovice zircon solution analyzed by ICPMS, CL images of zircon grains, zircon REE from TIMS-TEA and trace-element modeling from trachyte and HREE-trachyte parents; reduced TIMS-TEA data; and the code used for trace-element modeling. </p>
Hospital-wide SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening of 4840 staff members in a University Medical Center in France: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pierson-Marchandise Marion , Castelain Sandrine , Chevalier Cassandra , Brochot Etienne , Schmit Jean-Luc , Diouf Momar , Ganry Olivier , Gignon Maxime 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesHealthcare workers are more likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In order to assess the infectious risk associated with working in a hospital, we sought to estimate the proportion of healthcare professionals infected with SARS-CoV-2 by screening staff in a University Medical Center in France.SettingA hospital-wide screening campaign (comprising a serological test and a questionnaire) ran from 18 May to 26 July 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe seroprevalence rate was analysed in a multivariate analysis according to sociodemographic variables (age, sex and profession), exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms.ResultsA total of 4840 professionals were included, corresponding to 74.5% of the centre’s staff. The seroprevalence rate (95% CI) was 9.7% (7.0% to 12.4%). Contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19 was significantly associated with seropositivity (OR (95% CI: 1.43, (1.15 to 1.78)). The seroprevalence rate was significantly higher among nursing assistants (17.6%) than among other healthcare professionals. The following symptoms were predictive of COVID-19: anosmia (OR (95% CI): 1.55, (1.49 to 1.62)), ageusia (1.21, (1.16 to 1.27)), fever (1.15, (1.12 to 1.18)), myalgia (1.03, (1.01 to 1.06)) and headache (1.03, (1.01 to 1.04)).
Study protocol: the TRAnsplant BIOpsies (TRABIO) study – a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study to assess the treatment of kidney graft rejections
Authors: von Samson-Himmelstjerna Friedrich Alexander , Esser Grit , Schulte Kevin , Kolbrink Benedikt , Krautter Markus , Schwenger Vedat , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Matschkal Julia , Schraml Florian , Pahl Anne , Braunisch Matthias , Amann Kerstin , Feldkamp Thorsten , Kunzendorf Ulrich , Renders Lutz , Heemann Uwe 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionDespite continued efforts, long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation remain unsatisfactory. Kidney graft rejections are independent risk factors for graft failure. At the participating centres of the TRAnsplant BIOpsies study group, a common therapeutic standard has previously been defined for the treatment of graft rejections. The outcomes of this strategy will be assessed in a prospective, observational cohort study.Methods and analysisA total of 800 kidney transplantation patients will be enrolled who undergo a graft biopsy because of deteriorating kidney function. Patients will be stratified according to the Banff classification, and the influence of the treatment strategy on end points will be assessed using regression analysis. Primary end points will be all-cause mortality and graft survival. Secondary end points will be worsening of kidney function (≥30% decline of estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate [eGFR] or new-onset large proteinuria), recurrence of graft rejection and treatment response. Baseline data and detailed histopathology data will be entered into an electronic database on enrolment. During a first follow-up period (within 14 days) and subsequent yearly follow-ups (for 5 years), treatment strategies and clinical course will be recorded. Recruitment at the four participating centres started in September 2016. As of August 2020, 495 patients have been included.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been obtained from the ethics committee of Kiel (AZ B 278/16) and was confirmed by the committees of Munich, Mainz and Stuttgart. The results will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal, according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology criteria.Trial registration numberISRCTN78772632; Pre-results.
Cohort profile: The Xinjiang Multiethnic Cohort (XMC) study
Authors: Tao Luo , Tian Tian , Liu Lirong , Zhang Zewen , Sun Qi , Sun Gaofeng , Dai Jianghong , Yan Hong 
Published: May 2022

PurposeTo investigate the potential causal link between heredity, geographical environment, diet and other lifestyle factors with long-term health consequences, we established the Xinjiang Multiethnic Cohort Study (XMC), the first large-scale prospective cohort in Xinjiang, China.ParticipantsXMC commenced in 2018 and enrolled participants from three study sites (Urumqi, Hotan and Ili) in Xinjiang, China. Data collected include standard baseline questionnaire, physical measurement, biological specimen. In addition, about one-third of participants were assessed habitual diet by a more detailed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire which included 127 foods items at baselineFindings to dateFinally, a total of 30 949 participants, with 32.37% from Urumqi, 41.75% from Hotan, and 25.88% from Ili were recruited in XMC. The average age of participants was 56.21 years for men, and 54.75 years for women. More than 60% of participants in all three survey sites reported an average consumption of fruit and vegetable three or more times per week. In Hotan and Ili, the staple food was wheaten food, whereas, in Urumqi, rice and wheaten food was the food staples. Consumption of white meat, such as fish and poultry, was lower in the three survey locations. Based on self-reported disease from study participants, the five most common chronic diseases among participants across all three survey locations were dyslipidaemia, hypertension, cholecystitis, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease.Future plansFirst, we will collect all health-related records of the study participants in January each year for the previous year. Second, 10% of subjects were randomly selected for telephone follow-up in the final year of cohort building. Finally, as planned, we will revisit the study subjects on site every 2–3 years. Again, we will conduct face-to-face questionnaires and collect biological specimens such as blood and urine from the study subjects.
Socioeconomic differences in recruitment and sickness absence in a large NHS health organisation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Daras Konstantinos , Baker Wesam , Rafferty Joe , Oates Amanda , Edwards Louise , Wyatt Steven , Barr Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis study investigates the distribution of the workforce of one large National Health Service (NHS) employer in relation to socioeconomic deprivation and how sickness absence rates varied across these levels of deprivation.DesignShare of the working age population that was employed at the NHS organisation mapped by area deprivation. The study used negative binomial regression models to investigate the extent to which wage level, occupational group and area deprivation were associated with sickness absence among employees.SettingThe study used electronic staff records (2018–2019) of a large NHS organisation in the North West of England.ResultsIn the most deprived areas, an additional person per 1000 working age population were employed at this NHS organisation compared with the most affluent areas. Employees from the most deprived quintile had 1.41 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.70) times the higher sickness rates than the employees from the least deprived quintile, when adjusting for age and sex. These differences were largely explained by differences in wage levels and occupation groups, with the lowest wage employees having 2.5 (95% CI 1.87 to 3.42) times the sickness absence rate as the highest wage group and the nursing and midwifery employees having 1.8 (95% CI 1.50 to 2.24) times the sickness absence rate as the administrative and clerical group.ConclusionThis large NHS organisation employed people disproportionately from deprived areas. They were considerably more likely to experience sickness absence compared with people from affluent areas. This appears to be because they were more likely to be in lower wage employment and employed in nursing and nursing assistant. Workplace health policies need to target these workers, adapting to their needs while enabling improvements in their working conditions, pay and career progression.
Continuity of community-based healthcare provision during COVID-19: a multicountry interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Ballard Madeleine , Olsen Helen E , Millear Anoushka , Yang Jane , Whidden Caroline , Yembrick Amanda , Thakura Dianne , Nuwasiima Afra , Christiansen Molly , Ressler Daniele J , Omwanda Wycliffe Okoth , Lassala Diego , Palazuelos Daniel , Westgate Carey , Munyaneza Fabien 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPandemics often precipitate declines in essential health service utilisation, which can ultimately kill more people than the disease outbreak itself. There is some evidence, however, that the presence of adequately supported community health workers (CHWs), that is, financially remunerated, trained, supplied and supervised in line with WHO guidelines, may blunt the impact of health system shocks. Yet, adequate support for CHWs is often missing or uneven across countries. This study assesses whether adequately supported CHWs can maintain the continuity of essential community-based health service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsInterrupted time series analysis. Monthly routine data from 27 districts across four countries in sub-Saharan Africa were extracted from CHW and facility reports for the period January 2018–June 2021. Descriptive analysis, null hypothesis testing, and segmented regression analysis were used to assess the presence and magnitude of a possible disruption in care utilisation after the earliest reported cases of COVID-19.ResultsCHWs across all sites were supported in line with the WHO Guideline and received COVID-19 adapted protocols, training and personal protective equipment within 45 days after the first case in each country. We found no disruptions to the coverage of proactive household visits or integrated community case management (iCCM) assessments provided by these prepared and protected CHWs, as well as no disruptions to the speed with which iCCM was received, pregnancies were registered or postnatal care received.ConclusionCHWs who were equipped and prepared for the pandemic were able to maintain speed and coverage of community-delivered care during the pandemic period. Given that the majority of CHWs globally remain unpaid and largely unsupported, this paper suggests that the opportunity cost of not professionalising CHWs may be larger than previously estimated, particularly in light of the inevitability of future pandemics.
Interventions for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth: a scoping review of systematic reviews
Authors: Campbell Fiona , Salam Shumona , Sutton Anthea , Jayasooriya Shamanthi Maya , Mitchell Caroline , Amabebe Emmanuel , Balen Julie , Gillespie Bronwen M , Parris Kerry , Soma-Pillay Priya , Chauke Lawrence , Narice Brenda , Anumba Dilichukwu O 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundGlobally, 11% of babies are born preterm each year. Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal death and under-five mortality and morbidity, with lifelong sequelae in those who survive. PTB disproportionately impacts low/middle-income countries (LMICs) where the burden is highest.ObjectivesThis scoping review sought to the evidence for interventions that reduce the risk of PTB, focusing on the evidence from LMICs and describing how context is considered in evidence synthesis.DesignWe conducted a scoping review, to describe this wide topic area. We searched five electronic databases (2009–2020) and contacted experts to identify relevant systematic reviews of interventions to reduce the risk of PTB. We included published systematic reviews that examined the effectiveness of interventions and their effect on reducing the risk of PTB. Data were extracted and is described narratively.Results139 published systematic reviews were included in the review. Interventions were categorised as primary or secondary. The interventions where the results showed a greater effect size and consistency across review findings included treatment of syphilis and vaginal candidiasis, vitamin D supplementation and cervical cerclage. Included in the 139 reviews were 1372 unique primary source studies. 28% primary studies were undertaken in LMIC contexts and only 4.5% undertaken in a low-income country (LIC) Only 10.8% of the reviews sought to explore the impact of context on findings, and 19.4% reviews did not report the settings or the primary studies.ConclusionThis scoping review highlights the lack of research evidence derived from contexts where the burden of PTB globally is greatest. The lack of rigour in addressing contextual applicability within systematic review methods is also highlighted. This presents a risk of inappropriate and unsafe recommendations for practice within these contexts. It also highlights a need for primary research, developing and testing interventions in LIC settings.