bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onfocus detection: identifying individual-camera eye contact from unconstrained images
Authors: Zhang Dingwen , Wang Bo , Wang Gerong , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Jiajia , Han Jungong , You Zheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOnfocus detection aims at identifying whether the focus of the individual captured by a camera is on the camera or not. Based on the behavioral research, the focus of an individual during face-to-camera communication leads to a special type of eye contact, i.e., the individual-camera eye contact, which is a powerful signal in social communication and plays a crucial role in recognizing irregular individual status (e.g., lying or suffering mental disease) and special purposes (e.g., seeking help or attracting fans). Thus, developing effective onfocus detection algorithms is of significance for assisting the criminal investigation, disease discovery, and social behavior analysis. However, the review of the literature shows that very few efforts have been made toward the development of onfocus detector owing to the lack of large-scale public available datasets as well as the challenging nature of this task. To this end, this paper engages in the onfocus detection research by addressing the above two issues. Firstly, we build a large-scale onfocus detection dataset, named as the onfocus detection in the wild (OFDIW). It consists of 20623 images in unconstrained capture conditions (thus called “in the wild”) and contains individuals with diverse emotions, ages, facial characteristics, and rich interactions with surrounding objects and background scenes. On top of that, we propose a novel end-to-end deep model, i.e., the eye-context interaction inferring network (ECIIN), for onfocus detection, which explores eye-context interaction via dynamic capsule routing. Finally, comprehensive experiments are conducted on the proposed OFDIW dataset to benchmark the existing learning models and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ECIIN.
Bedload transport analysis using image processing techniques
Authors: Ermilov Alexander A. , Fleit Gábor , Conevski Slaven , Guerrero Massimo , Baranya Sándor , Rüther Nils 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBedload transport is an important factor to describe the hydromorphological processes of fluvial systems. However, conventional bedload sampling methods have large uncertainty, making it harder to understand this notoriously complex phenomenon. In this study, a novel, image-based approach, the Video-based Bedload Tracker (VBT), is implemented to quantify gravel bedload transport by combining two different techniques: Statistical Background Model and Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry. For testing purposes, we use underwater videos, captured in a laboratory flume, with future field adaptation as an overall goal. VBT offers a full statistics of the individual velocity and grainsize data for the moving particles. The paper introduces the testing of the method which requires minimal preprocessing (a simple and quick 2D Gaussian filter) to retrieve and calculate bedload transport rate. A detailed sensitivity analysis is also carried out to introduce the parameters of the method, during which it was found that by simply relying on literature and the visual evaluation of the resulting segmented videos, it is simple to set them to the correct values. Practical aspects of the applicability of VBT in the field are also discussed and a statistical filter, accounting for the suspended sediment and air bubbles, is provided.
Agricultural trade and its impacts on cropland use and the global loss of species habitat
Authors: Schwarzmueller Florian , Kastner Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAgricultural expansion and intensification are threatening biodiversity worldwide, and future expansion of agricultural land will exacerbate this trend. One of the main drivers of this expansion is an increasingly global trade of agricultural produce. National and international assessments tracking the impact of agriculture on biodiversity thus need to be expanded by a consumption-based accounting of biodiversity loss. In this study, we use global trade data, provided by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), to construct national trade profiles for 223 countries, at the level of 191 produced items and over the timespan of 15 years. We show how bilateral trade data and a national biodiversity indicator, the Species Habitat Index (SHI), can be combined to quantify consumption-based impacts of agricultural trade on biodiversity. We found that the cropland area for agricultural trade has increased from 17 (in 2000) to 23.5% (in 2013) of the global total cropland area. Especially, countries in Western Europe, North America, and the Middle East, create a large part of their biodiversity footprint outside their own country borders, because they import large amounts of agricultural products from areas where the SHI records high biodiversity loss. With our approach, we can thus identify countries where consumption-based interventions might be most effective for the protection of global biodiversity. Analyses like the one presented in this study are needed to complement territorial sustainability assessments. By taking into account trade and consumption, they can inform cross-border agreements on biodiversity protection.
The Surface Tension and Density of Molten Sc$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$, La$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$, Y$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$, Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$, and MgO Measured via a Pendant Droplet Method
Authors: Paras Jonathan , Takeda Osamu , Wu Mindy , Allanore Antoine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A thermal imaging furnace (TIF) was used to study the physical properties of molten Sc

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

, La

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

, Y

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

, Al

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

and MgO via a containerless method. The density and surface tension of molten droplets of Sc

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

, La

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

, Y

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

, Al

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3},$$

3

,

and MgO suspended from their own solid were measured in situ using live video under a range of oxygen partial pressures (1

$$\rightarrow $$

→

10

$$^{-6}$$

-
6

atm O

$$_{2}$$

2

). To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first time the surface tension and density of molten MgO and Sc

$$_{2}$$

2

O

$$_{3}$$

3

have been reported. A relationship between molten oxide surface tension and the enthalpy of vaporization is proposed, and a comparison is drawn between the oxide properties and similar relationships previously established for liquid metals.
Infections or Vaccines Associated with Finkelstein-Seidlmayer Vasculitis: Systematic Review
Authors: Bronz Gabriel , Betti Céline , Rinoldi Pietro O. , Kottanattu Lisa , Bianchetti Mario G. , Consolascio Danilo , Bergmann Marcel M. , Milani Gregorio P. , Terziroli Beretta Piccoli Benedetta , Lava Sebastiano A. G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFinkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis, also referred to as acute hemorrhagic edema of young children, is a rare small-vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This condition is skin-limited, mainly affects infants up to 2 years of age and spontaneously remits. It has been suggested that an infection or a vaccine precede (by ≤ 14 days) this vasculitis. To better understand the interplay between infections or vaccines and Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis, we utilized the data contained in the Acute Hemorrhagic Edema BIbliographic Database AHEBID. The database, initiated in 2019, is being regularly updated, encompasses the entire original literature on Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis published after the original description and is attainable on request. The possible existence of an infectious or a vaccine precursor was addressed in 447 cases. Most cases were preceded by an infection (N = 384; 86%), by a vaccination (N = 20; 4.4%), or both an infection and a vaccination (N = 17; 3.8%). No precursor was reported in the remaining cases (N = 26; 5.8%). Two distinct infections preceded the onset of the vasculitis in 11 of the 381 cases with infection-associated Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis. The following infectious precursors were reported: upper respiratory tract infection (N = 292); acute gastroenteritis (N = 40); a benign febrile infection (N = 36); lower respiratory tract infection (N = 22); further infections (N = 8). The temporal relationship between the infectious precursor and the onset of the skin eruption was detailed in 336 cases: 54 cases developed before resolution and 282 after resolution of the infection. In conclusion, most cases of Finkelstein-Seidlmayer vasculitis are preceded by an infection. In a minority of cases, this skin vasculitis develops before resolution of the infection. In most cases, however, this vasculitis develops after resolution of the infection. More rarely, this vasculitis is preceded by a vaccination.
Back to life, back to reality: A multi-level dynamic network analysis of student mental health upon return to campus during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Karnbach Katharina , Witkowski Michał , Ebrahimi Omid V. , Burger Julian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in drastic disruptions of university students’ everyday life and study mode, such as marked reductions in face-to-face teaching activities. Previous research on student mental health during the pandemic found that prolonged campus relocation had negative effects on students’ mental well-being. However, these studies focussed on the initial lockdown period, or periods of active lockdown measures. This longitudinal study collected 456 observations of 23 undergraduate students in the Netherlands using ecological momentary assessment data on mental health related items (anxiety, stress, social context) during the first two weeks of on-campus teaching after prolonged lockdown measures. Using multi-level dynamic network modelling, we analysed the temporal and contemporaneous interplay of students’ mental health factors following the return to campus in September 2021. On average, students reported low to medium scores on stress and anxiety both before and after the assessment period. Results of network analyses showed that students experienced social unease in relation to accumulating difficulties at university and vice versa. Furthermore, there were clusters of different states of social unease next to clusters of stress, anger, loss of control, and feeling upset. Lastly, we found beneficial effects of self-efficacy on experiencing social comfort in university. We discuss implications and concrete examples of interventions in universities, such as the promotion of self-efficacy, providing guidance in structuring study load, as well as help with stress management.
Morphology, Textures and Thicknesses of Rubbly Pahoehoe Lavas from the ~117 Ma Sylhet Traps, India
Authors: Duraiswami Raymond A. , Sanklecha Hardik , Monteiro Aristle , Gadpallu Purva , Sisolekar Sonit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Sylhet Traps and the larger outcrops of the Rajmahal Traps in India constitute an important remnant of a large Continental Flood Basalt (CFB) province related to the Kerguelen hotspot. A composite log of lava flows across the southern margin of the Meghalaya plateau is presented where the Sylhet Traps are best exposed. Lavas in the lower part of stratigraphic sequence (~480 to 700 m above mean sea level) are compound and contain pahoehoe sheet lobes intruded by thin basaltic dykes constituting a swarm. These lavas record variable degrees of inflation at low effusive rates. In the upper parts, several rubbly pahoehoe lavas are interspersed with sheet lobes. These represent transitional lava types (between pahoehoe and aa) and occur due to steep gradients and/or increased effusive rates. The vesicles from within these lavas impinge and coalesce, indicating that they had time to form and grow in an insulated environment. The vesicle deformation index (VDI) ranges from 0.2 to 0.53, indicating moderate but variable shear strain on the lavas during emplacement. The coexistence of pahoehoe-rubbly pahoehoe lavas is also recorded in the surface outcrops of Rajmahal Traps and the IODP drill cores along the Kerguelen Plateau. It is postulated that the Sylhet lavas represent the distal edge of a lava-shield evolving into a flood basalt setting, dominated by pahoehoe in the lower stratigraphy with few lavas transitioning to rubbly pahoehoe towards the top. Such an architecture is in keeping with other CFB provinces worldwide.
Implication of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Precise Demarcation of Pothole Subsidence Potential Zone Over Shallow Depth Coal Mine Workings
Authors: Prakash Amar , Bharati Abhay Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pothole, an undesirable catastrophic consequence, is a common phenomenon in old coal mine workings, especially at shallow depth endangering habitats and surface structures. Precise identification of pothole potential zone is vital to prevent any major setbacks. Limited sub-surface information leads to branching out from the realistic ground conditions resulting in improper inferences. Resistivity imaging system is a favourable tool for gathering and strengthening technical information to demarcate the potential areas of pothole occurrence as it has proven ability to translate the characteristic of strata. Geological disturbance, one of the causes for pothole, has been located precisely by electrical resistivity survey at the study site. The overlying rock type has been correlated with resistivity range and validated with borehole lithology. Considering influencing parameters for pothole i.e. position of underground workings, geological disturbance and nature of near surface strata potential locations of the pothole likely to occur has been demarcated based on resistivity characteristics. Two potholes occurred in the past also helped in strengthening in interpretation.
A Case Study of the 12 July 2021 Bhagsunath (McLeod Ganj) Flash Flood in Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh: A Warning Against Constricting Natural Drainage
Authors: Gupta Vikram , Ram Biksah Kumar , Kumar Sandeep , Sain Kalachand 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extreme rainfall events leading to the occurrence of flash floods and cloudbursts are common in the Himalaya. Bhagsu nala in McLeod Ganj area of Dharamshala township, Himachal Pradesh has witnessed the worst flash flood in the morning of 12th July 2021 causing damage to property and infrastructure in the region. Though the catchment area of the Bhagsu nala is very small of the order of ~ 2.8 km2, the geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of the catchment are susceptible to peak flow for a shorter duration. Further, the anthropogenic intervention of slopes in the form of constricting natural drainage has reduced the carrying capacity of the nala, exaggerating the consequences of the flash flood.
Orbicular and Nodular Structures in Carbonatite of the Sung Valley Ultramafic-Alkaline-Carbonatite Complex, Shillong Plateau, Meghalaya, NE India: Their Petrogenetic Implications
Authors: Pdah Damepaia S.M. , Khonglah M. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hitherto unknown rare orbicular carbonatites and associated nodular structures occur in the southeastern parts of the Cretaceous Sung valley ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite complex (SUACC), Shillong plateau, Meghalaya, northeast India. The orbicular structures are formed around fragmented pyroxenite xenoliths and uralitized sodium-richterite nodular patches during emplacement of a calcium-carbonatite plug. The orbicular structures surrounding the xenoliths were formed in at least three stages of chemical disequilibrium represented by three distinct sectors. They are: (i) an innermost shell of sodium-richterite developed around the core of xenoliths. These shells are associated with radial forsterite and/or fine to medium grained granular forsterites. The xenoliths are partially and at times completely metasomatized, due to the metasomatic interaction of the xenolith and the carbonatite melt (antiskarn); (ii) an intermediate zone resembling a “zebra” striped pattern comprising of alternating white calcite-rich and black forsterite-rich bands. These are formed through recrystallization of contaminated carbonatite melt after complex partial resorbtion and assimilation of the pyroxenite xenolith rims; and (iii) an outermost relatively thicker carbonate rich olivine layer formed by late phase intrusion of an ultramafic melt. This is followed by the development of sodium-richterite porphyroblastic grains representing post crystallization sodium metasomatism. Further, proto-orbicules in carbonatite with associated nodular minerals are present adjacent to the orbicular carbonatite suggesting local instability during intrusion at the contact of the pyroxenite xenolith with the calcium-carbonatite host. Apart from reporting the first occurrence of the orbicular carbonatites from the SUACC, petrogenetic implications involving antiskarn due to metasomatic processes induced by carbonatite magmatism is also presented.
Incidence of Sulphide Mineralization in Porcellanite of the Chopan Formation from the Vindhyan Supergroup, Eastern India
Authors: Yadav Pawan Kumar , Patel Dhananjay Kumar , Dutta Sanjay Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This work presents the occurrence of sulphide mineralization for the first time in the Middle Porcellanite Member belonging to the Porcellanite Formation of the Semri Group in and around Amrora-Barwari-Kupa areas, Garhwa district, Jharkhand. The Porcellanite Formation has been categorised into four mappable units i.e. lower Porcellanite Member; middle Porcellanite Member; Amrora Member, and upper Porcellanite Member. Out of the four members, sulphide mineralization has been mostly observed in the middle Porcellanite Member which is represented by grey to black, fine-grained, thinly laminated porcellanite and made up of quartz and few grains of feldspar. Petrographic study shows that it comprises of devitrified glass, quartz shards, K-feldspar, plagioclase, and perthite phenocrysts as essential minerals and accessories are sericite, calcite, chlorite, opaque, and devitrified groundmass. It consists of sulphide minerals like chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and grains of arsenopyrite and gold. Based on the field observations and ore petrographic study, three zones of sulphide mineralization have been marked within this unit. The longest sulphide mineralization zone exposed to the northeast of Amroa village is 750m long and 300m wide having an E-W trend. In this mineralization zone, specks of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and gold are observed which occur as dissemination. The second and third mineralization zones are 360m long and 150m wide having N-S trend and 300m long and 100m wide having NW-SE trend respectively which have mainly been noticed to the southeast of Barwari and northeast of Kupa village. The sulphide mineralization is mainly associated with shearing and faulting which has been corroborated by the petrography and field evidences.
Amber flora and fauna from Early Eocene Vastan Lignite Mine, Cambay Basin, Gujarat: Ecological Diversity and Environmental Significance
Authors: Singh Hukam , Agnihotri Priya , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Micro and macrofossil assemblage have been recovered and documented from the lignite beds of the Vastan lignite mines, Cambay Basin, Gujarat. These are extracted after dissolving amber pieces inclusive of pollen spores, epiphyllous fruiting fungal bodies, algal elements, insect fossils with some unidentified biotic groups. Of these, the major dominant flora belongs to angiosperm origin, in accompaniment to pteridophyte spores and fungal elements. Recorded palynotaxa viz. Proxapertites, Spinizonocolpites, Neocouperipollis and Acanthotricolpites are significant elements for tropical humid vegetation. Rich terrestrial amber palynomorphs and palynodebris suggest proximity source vegetation. Characteristic biotic interactions within the dense evergreen tropical rain forest environment is suggestive of mutual association among groups during the Early Eocene and share close affinities with those of Kutch and Barmer, Bikaner and Nagaur basins.
Taxonomic Study of Faviidae Family- Quaternary Corals of Okha-Mandal Taluka, Saurashtra Coast, Gujarat
Authors: Pankaj Arpita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Quaternary corals present in Saurashtra coast basically belong to Scleractinia Group and are of Asteroid, Cereoid and Trochoid types. Total seven families have been identified in the study area. Out of seven families the family Faviidae has been found most abundant and widely distributed in the entire area. It alone contributes 75% of the total individuals. Lithostratigraphically, the strata have been grouped into Gaj, Dwarka and Chaya formations. The Faviidae corals are mostly present in the Chaya Formation as well as in the Holocene deposits along the coast. This family consists of six genera and sixteen species. Results of radiocarbon dating indicate that all the corals of Kachchh belongs to Pleistocene- Holocene period (12,000 to 45,000 years B.P.). The present paper summarizes the taxonomy study of the Favid corals.
Characterisation and Assessment of a Flash Flood in the Himalaya: Understanding the Significance of High Magnitude Events in Sediment Mobilisation
Authors: Sarkar Arkaprabha , Singh Vimal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An increase in the frequency of high magnitude events (climatological, geomorphic and meteorological) has been observed in the recent times. The observation has been closely linked to anthropogenic activities and climate change. The events have been studied on the basis of their trends, frequency, geographical distribution and impacts. A flash flood from 2018 in a small catchment in Uttarakhand, North West Himalayas is reported here. The event has been characterized based on the possible causes and observed effects. The runoff generation tendency of major sub-catchments within the study area was assessed and the area was mapped based on sediment connectivity. The hydrological characteristics of the event was calculated using Manning's equations. The event generated a peak discharge of 9953 m3/s flowing at 15 m/s with a stream power of 6.4 MW. Based on the hydrological assessment, the thresholds of bedload movement, sediment transport and redistribution was analysed. The peak flow had a capacity of mobilising boulders of 6m diameter. Putting together the field and modelled data, the difference in the nature of the of the topography was analysed that caused only a particular sub-catchment to respond to the same climatic forcing significantly more than the others and also highlighted the significance of such high magnitude stochastic events in controlling the rates of long term geomorphic processes that shape the landscape.