bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a unified theory of market prices: turning to pricing in practice
Authors: Bååth Jonas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article proceeds from the question: how do prices in markets work? In socio-economic theories, I find two answers to this question. The structural-coordinative approach explains prices as outcomes—coordinative effects of pricing scripts installed by exogenous, institutionalized social structures. The performative-epistemological approach explains prices as market devices—endogenous performative-epistemological tools of marketization. While not necessarily antithetical, the two theories define market knowledge, pricing and price in distinct ways. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork from the Swedish meat industry, this article examines the merits of the two aforementioned theories and the prospects for unifying them. The conclusion presents an empirically grounded proposal for such a unification, emphasizing that prices, in practice, simultaneously express embedding social structures and mobilize marketization. A unified theory of market prices allows for identifying and analysing the recursive relation of social structures and performed episteme in pricing; how prices both express and realize market organization.
A Case of Phenibut Directed Detoxification Leading to Toxicity During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Peterkin Alyssa F. , Abraham Rohit , Harris Miriam T. H. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Phenibut is a non-Food and Drug Administration-approved gamma-aminobutyric acid analog marketed in the United States as an anxiolytic, cognitive enhancer, and alcohol withdrawal treatment through online supplement vendors. In this case report, we describe a woman’s self-directed detoxification with phenibut used to manage withdrawal symptoms from fentanyl and benzodiazepines in March 2020 during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Case
A 38-year-old woman with severe opioid, benzodiazepine, gabapentin, stimulant use disorders developed altered mental status after oral phenibut ingestion intended to help self-manage opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal. She chose self-directed detoxification as she feared COVID-19 exposure in detoxification facilities. Her altered mental status drove her to jump out a third-story window causing multiple spinal fractures. After a long hospitalization, she self-directed her discharge home due to concerns about COVID-19. Her premature discharge disrupted opioid and benzodiazepine use disorder treatment plans.

Conclusion
This case highlights the risks of phenibut use for selfdirected detoxification. With COVID-19 related changes in the drug supply, people may be more likely to use online pharmaceuticals, therefore, substance use assessments should inquire about the online acquisition of new psychoactive drugs. Public health messaging regarding the risks of infectious disease transmission in addiction care settings is needed to guide addiction treatment choices among people who use substances.
Hyperoxia and Antioxidants for Myocardial Injury in Noncardiac Surgery: A 2 × 2 Factorial, Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Holse Cecilie , Aasvang Eske K. , Vester-Andersen Morten , Rasmussen Lars S. , Wetterslev Jørn , Christensen Robin , Jorgensen Lars N. , Pedersen Sofie S. , Loft Frederik C. , Troensegaard Hannibal , Mørkenborg Marie-Louise , Stisen Zara R. , Rünitz Kim , Eiberg Jonas P. , Hansted Anna K. , Meyhoff Christian S. ,   for the VIXIE Trial Group
Published: February 2022

Background
Hyperoxia and oxidative stress may be associated with increased risk of myocardial injury. The authors hypothesized that a perioperative inspiratory oxygen fraction of 0.80 versus 0.30 would increase the degree of myocardial injury within the first 3 days of surgery, and that an antioxidant intervention would reduce degree of myocardial injury versus placebo.

Methods
A 2 × 2 factorial, randomized, blinded, multicenter trial enrolled patients older than 45 yr who had cardiovascular risk factors undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Factorial randomization allocated patients to one of two oxygen interventions from intubation and at 2 h after surgery, as well as antioxidant intervention or matching placebo. Antioxidants were 3 g IV vitamin C and 100 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine. The primary outcome was the degree of myocardial injury assessed by the area under the curve for high-sensitive troponin within the first 3 postoperative days.

Results
The authors randomized 600 participants from April 2018 to January 2020 and analyzed 576 patients for the primary outcome. Baseline and intraoperative characteristics did not differ between groups. The primary outcome was 35 ng · day/l (19 to 58) in the 80% oxygen group; 35 ng · day/l (17 to 56) in the 30% oxygen group; 35 ng · day/l (19 to 54) in the antioxidants group; and 33 ng · day/l (18 to 57) in the placebo group. The median difference between oxygen groups was 1.5 ng · day/l (95% CI, −2.5 to 5.3; P = 0.202) and −0.5 ng · day/l (95% CI, −4.5 to 3.0; P = 0.228) between antioxidant groups. Mortality at 30 days occurred in 9 of 576 patients (1.6%; odds ratio, 2.01 [95% CI, 0.50 to 8.1]; P = 0.329 for the 80% vs. 30% oxygen groups; and odds ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.214 to 2.99]; P = 0.732 for the antioxidants vs. placebo groups).

Conclusions
Perioperative interventions with high inspiratory oxygen fraction and antioxidants did not change the degree of myocardial injury within the first 3 days of surgery. This implies safety with 80% oxygen and no cardiovascular benefits of vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine in major noncardiac surgery.

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Frequency and Types of Healthcare Encounters in the Week Preceding a Sepsis Hospitalization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Flannery Alexander H. , Venn Chad M. , Gusovsky Amanda , Henderson Stephanie , Kiser Adam S. , Prescott Hallie C. , Rhee Chanu , Delcher Chris , Morris Peter E. 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Early recognition and treatment are critical to improving sepsis outcomes. We sought to identify the frequency and types of encounters that patients have with the healthcare system in the week prior to a sepsis hospitalization.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library.

STUDY SELECTION:
Observational cohort studies of patients hospitalized with sepsis or septic shock that were assessed for an outpatient or emergency department encounter with the healthcare system in the week prior to hospital admission.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a healthcare encounter in the time period assessed (up to 1 week) prior to a hospitalization with sepsis.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Six retrospective observational studies encompassing 6,785,728 sepsis admissions were included for evaluation, ranging from a 263-patient single-center cohort to a large database evaluating 6,731,827 sepsis admissions. The average (unweighted) proportion of patients having an encounter with the healthcare system in the week prior to a sepsis hospitalization was 32.7% and ranged from 10.3% to 52.9%. These encounters commonly involved presentation or potential symptoms of infectious diseases, antibiotic prescriptions, and appeared to increase in frequency closer to a sepsis hospitalization admission. No consistent factors were identified that distinguished a healthcare encounter as more or less likely to precede a sepsis hospitalization in the subsequent week.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients that present to the hospital with sepsis are frequently evaluated in the healthcare system in the week prior to admission. Further research is necessary to understand if these encounters offer earlier opportunities for intervention to prevent the transition from infection to sepsis, whether they merely reflect the comorbidities of sepsis patients with a high baseline rate of healthcare encounters, or the declining trajectory of a patient’s overall health in response to infection.
Nurse–Client Engagement
Authors: Woods Katie 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:
Engaging clients is central to nurses' work across all practice settings. This concept analysis seeks to better understand engagement as seen by the participants. Data from 15 qualitative studies conducted between 1982 and 2020 illustrate engagement from the perspective of nurse and client. Five defining attributes emerged: genuine concern and hopeful persistence, authenticity, trusting, time, and mutuality. The purpose of this concept analysis is to make the process of engagement visible, quantifiable, and valid.
Lichen Planus Pemphigoides Associated With PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Boyle Margaret M. , Ashi Shaymaa , Puiu Tudor , Reimer Danielle , Sokumbi Olayemi , Soltani Keyoumars , Onajin Oluwakemi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly being used in the treatment of various solid organ and hematologic malignancies. Dermatologic toxicities associated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) therapy have been widely reported in the literature. It is important for clinicians to be aware of these toxicities to ensure prompt recognition and treatment. Herein, we present the clinical, histopathologic, and immunofluorescence findings of 3 patients diagnosed with lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) after treatment with anti-PD-1 inhibitors. We also reviewed the literature and summarize 7 previously reported cases of LPP associated with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 inhibitors. LPP was diagnosed at a median time of 24.4 weeks (range: 4–78 weeks) after initiation of immunotherapy. Clinical findings included papules, plaques, erosions, vesicles, and bullae on the trunk and extremities. Oral involvement was present in half the cases. Histopathologic features of immunotherapy-induced LPP included lichenoid or vacuolar interface dermatitis, the presence of eosinophils, and subepidermal bullae. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated linear deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) or C3. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated linear IgG along basement membrane zone on monkey esophagus in 2 cases and linear IgG on the epidermal side of salt split skin in 3 cases. Serum anti-BP180 was elevated in all cases in which enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed.
Unusual Late Complication of Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap Donor Site: Elastofibroma Dorsi
Authors: Cavadas Pedro C. , Almoguera-Martinez Alejandro , Idriss Hassan 
Published: February 2022

Summary:
In existing literature about elastofibroma dorsi (ED), no cases reported ED arising after latissimus dorsi flap harvest. Concretely, we present a patient who developed an ED at latissimus dorsi free flap donor site 10 years after harvesting. After our research, we found the occurrence of ED after thoracotomy surgery, stressing the importance of previous local trauma. Latissimus dorsi flap harvest is also a local traumatic episode, although its association with ED has not been previously reported. Thus, ED should be considered in the differential diagnosis of deep soft tissue lumps after latissimus dorsi harvest.
Spontaneous Partial Regression of Bilateral Grade III Corneal Dermoids Associated With Fetal Valproate Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kiratli Hayyam , Colak Dilan , Koç İrem 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe a rare case of a child with bilateral central corneal dermoids (grade III) in association with fetal valproate spectrum disorder (FVSD) and to report the spontaneous regression of these tumors.

Methods:
Clinical records of a 14-month-old child whose mother took sodium valproate all along her pregnancy were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of FVSD was made based on phenotypic features and associated congenital malformations. Facial features included trigonocephaly, flat nose bridge and small upturned nose, cleft palate and lip, and micrognathia. Systemic anomalies included bilateral radial defects and club hands, pes equinovarus, hypospadias, secundum atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and aortic insufficiency. Cytogenetic studies were normal.

Results:
Ocular findings included bilateral central corneal dermoids sparing the limbus and peripheral cornea, bilateral aphakia, absence of left anterior chamber, and bilateral mass-like vitreal opacities. A computed tomography scan suggested minimal left microphthalmia. Owing to the high-risk category for general anesthesia and prioritization of other severe systemic anomalies, no ocular surgical intervention was performed. Over 5 years of follow-up, spontaneous partial regression of the corneal tumors was observed.

Conclusions:
The development of bilateral grade III corneal dermoids in a child with FVSD may be more than fortuitous and enlarges the list of ocular anomalies associated with FVSD. Corneal dermoids may regress spontaneously.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Corneal Endothelial Cell Changes After Iris-Fixated Phakic Intraocular Lens Explantation
Authors: Kim Tae Young , Moon In Hee , Park Sung Eun , Ji Yong Woo , Lee Hyung Keun 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term corneal endothelial cell changes and visual outcomes after iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) explantation in patients with endothelial damage and to investigate potential predictors of endothelial injury.

Methods:
Consecutive patients undergoing pIOL explantation with corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) <2000 cells/mm2 at the time of the procedure were retrospectively reviewed in a single tertiary center. All patients were treated between April 2016 and October 2020 at a high-volume referral-based tertiary hospital. The primary outcome was the change in corneal endothelial parameters, including ECD, over long-term follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in corrected distance visual acuity and analysis of prognostic factors.

Results:
This study included 44 eyes from 28 patients with an average age of 42.5 ± 7.8 years (range: 27–63). Mean ECD before explantation was 1375.4 ± 468.2 cells/mm2 (range: 622–1996), and the average duration of follow-up after explantation was 20.5 months (6–58.2). Two years after explantation, ECD had significantly decreased by more than 25% to 1019.6 ± 368.6 (608–1689; P < 0.01). However, there was no significant change in corrected distance visual acuity (20/23–20/22, P = 0.59). Longer operation duration (odds ratio, 1.004; P = 0.04) was the only significant factor weakly associated with postoperative decreases in ECD.

Conclusions:
Although ECD continuously decreased despite pIOL explantation on a long-term follow-up, patients did not experience any discomfort or showed decreases in visual acuity. Therefore, a careful follow-up is required for possible endothelial injury after pIOL explantation.
An Approach to the Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Liver Cancer Using Quantum Dot Nanoprobes
Authors: Cheng Ningtao , Fu Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Biomarker-based early diagnosis of liver cancer is of high clinical value for reducing the mortality rate. However, it has been challenging to establish early detection methods with a single biomarker such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) because of limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, developing multiplexed biomarker detection assays is crucially important for early diagnosis. Yet, simultaneous detection methods involving three or more biomarkers have been scarce. Here we suggest employing the serological biomarker panel of glypican-3 (GPC3), dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and AFP for liver cancer detection. We present a rapid simultaneous detection approach for the biomarker panel labeled with three fluorescent quantum dot nanoprobes (emission wavelengths at 565 nm, 605 nm, and 655 nm). As a proof-of-concept, simultaneous fluorescence detection of the biomarker panel was demonstrated using mixed reference samples containing human recombinant GPC3, DKK1, and AFP antigens. Our simultaneous detection approach conferred a linear range of 0.625-2.5 ng•mL-1 for the entire biomarker panel, which merits further clinical validation for the simultaneous and accurate determination of the biomarker panel in human serum samples.
The Knowledge on HCV: From the Discovery to the Elimination
Authors: Guan Jun , Ren Yanli , Wang Jing , Zhu Haihong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
From being described as “non-A, non-B” hepatitis in 1975 and being identified in 1989, to the emergence of direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs), knowledge on hepatitis C virus (HCV) has achieved a qualitative leap in recent decades. Although more than 95% of HCV patients can be cured by DAAs, the high detection rate, high treatment cost, and relative high recurrence rate for some subtypes (eg, type 3b) make it still a public health problem worldwide. Due to the widespread availability of DAAs, vaccine research has received relatively little attention. The purpose of this review is to look back to the discovery of the HCV, its life cycle, innate and adaptive immune responses, and the evolution of treatment options for HCV.
Practice and Prospect: HIV-1 Molecular Network-Based Studies in China
Authors: Qiu Yu , Zhao Bin , Han Xiaoxu , Zhong Ping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission networks is a critical step in the public health response; however, it is challenging to achieve this through traditional epidemiological surveys alone. The molecular network approach can provide more accurate information for understanding HIV outbreaks and bring targeted interventions into reality. Based on the current global development of the concept of the molecular network, Chinese scientists have in recent years explored the applications of molecular networks for understanding the HIV-1 transmission trends, for identifying the population acquiring priority interventions, and for evaluating the targeted intervention effectiveness. In this review, we focus on research progress by Chinese scientists in the field of molecular networks and put forward some suggestions for future research of molecular networks.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Excision Guided by Dermoscopy: A Retrospective Study in Macau
Authors: Coelho Ricardo , Cheong Si Leong 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
Dermoscopic evaluation of tumor margins may help to accurately detect lateral borders before surgical excision. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the usefulness of dermoscopically detecting basal cell carcinoma tumor margins before surgical excision.

Methods:
The authors retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 60 basal cell carcinomas that were excised after undergoing dermoscopic evaluation of the margins from 2016 to 2018 in a single center in Macau SAR, China. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out by using frequencies and percentages.

Results:
All treated tumors were completely excised, although five had safety margins of <1 mm. No re-excisions were performed and during a medium follow-up period of 31 months, none of the 60 tumors showed any evidence of recurrence.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that the preoperative dermoscopic evaluation of tumor margins increases the chances of successful and complete tumor excision, while preserving healthy adjacent tissue. Further studies comparing dermoscopy-assisted versus conventional excision are needed to better evaluate the value of this technique.
Methods of Capturing Process Outcomes in Quality Improvement Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Radisic Gorjana , de la Perrelle Lenore , Laver Kate 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Healthcare quality can be measured by studying structure, processes, and outcomes. This study examines how trialists capture process outcomes in implementation trials to provide guidance for researchers and health professionals. Electronic databases were searched, and two researchers performed the title, abstract, and full-text selection. Only implementation studies involving nonpharmacological approaches were included. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy and completeness by a second reviewer. Study quality was independently assessed by two reviewers. Of the 3,186 articles screened, 24 studies matched our inclusion criteria. Most studies were cluster randomized control trials, followed by interrupted time series studies and stepped wedge studies. The population in the studies was diverse and settings included hospitals, community centers, residential aged care facilities, and primary care. The reporting of process measures across the included studies varied, and there was limited information about the mechanisms of data collection procedures. Nineteen studies extracted information about processes from electronic medical records, patient records, or chart reviews. The remaining five studies used staff surveys. Challenges remain in the practical aspect of data collection for measuring process outcomes, particularly outside of hospital settings or where processes are hard to capture in patient records.
Patulous Eustachian Tube Patients With Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Ishigakii Kento , Ikeda Ryoukichi , Suzuki Jun , Hirano-Kawamoto Ai , Ohta Jun , Kato Kengo , Izumi Rumiko , Suzuki Naoki , Aoki Masashi , Kawase Tetsuaki , Katori Yukio 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
To describe cases of patulous Eustachian tube (PET) or patent ET conditions in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).

Patients:
Four cases of PET or patent ET conditions with OPMD.

Main Outcome Measures:
Clinical case records, objective ET function tests (tubo-tympano-aerodynamic graphy and sonotubometry), and swallowing function (videoendoscopic examination and Food Intake Level Scale) were analyzed.

Results:
Two cases of definite PET, one case of possible PET, and one case lacking aural symptoms with findings of patent ET. All patients have ptosis, and three cases have dysphagia. Body mass index indicated that three cases were underweight. Magnetic resonance imaging in case 4 showed atrophy and fat replacement of palatine and masticatory muscles.

Conclusions:
It is important to consider PET or patent ET conditions when OPMD patients describe aural symptoms.