bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and Gender Differences in Informal Caregiving for Sick, Disabled, or Elderly Persons: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Skinner Marianne Sundlisæter , Sogstad Maren 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Informal caregivers are in increasing demand to provide care for sick, disabled, and elderly persons in the years to come, also in the Nordic welfare states. Informal caregivers can provide different types of care, such as personal care, supervision, and practical help, and previous research has shown that women take on a heavier care burden than men. However, structural differences in care tasks and caregiver burden in the Norwegian population is an under-researched area of study. Objective The study objective is to explore different types of informal care and caregivers in the Norwegian population and assess how different types of caregivers are distributed across socio-demographic groups. Methods A cross-sectional population survey was conducted in 2014. A random sample of 20,000 people above 16 years of age was drawn from the national population register. The net sample consisted of 4,000 individuals, giving a response rate of 20.2%. Data were collected using telephone interviews. We used descriptive statistics, crosstabulations with chi-square tests and multinomial regression analyses. Results Fifteen and seven percent of the respondents reported that they regularly helped persons with special care needs outside and inside their own household, respectively. Women were more likely than men to give personal care, whereas men were overrepresented among caregivers providing practical help only. The mean age of caregivers providing practical help only was significantly lower than for caregivers providing personal care. Conclusion Our results indicate that women take on a heavier care load, both by providing more personal care then men and in that they spend more time caring. It is important that nurses and other healthcare professionals in community care have knowledge about structures of inequality in informal caregiver tasks and burden so that they can better identify opportunities for improved coordination between formal and informal care.
Baccalaureate Nursing Students’ Reflections on Professional Development Within the Nursing Leadership Role When Participating in Student-run Teams: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Student’s Reflection Notes
Authors: Reime Marit Hegg , Bell Karin , Albrigtsen Bente , Beisland Elisabeth Grov 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Studies show that nursing education institutions do not sufficiently prepare newly graduated nurses for the challenges they face when it comes to the leadership role. The direct relationship between leadership and quality of care makes it imperative to explore what contributes to prepare undergraduate nursing students to be effective future leaders. Objective To explore how second-year nursing students experience development of nursing leadership competence when participating in student-run teams (SRTs). Methods We used a qualitative approach with a descriptive, exploratory design to examine 37 reflective notes with a scope of 1000 words each, written while undertaking leadership training in 14 medical and surgical wards. An inductive, qualitative content analysis inspired by Lindgren et al. was used to give meaning and content to the students’ experiences. Results One overarching theme emerged when analyzing the reflective notes; nursing leadership skills are developed in a safe authentic clinical environment. This main theme evolved from an interpretation of three subthemes: (1) Discovery and recognition of the leadership role contributed to development of nursing identity, (2) Being challenged and given responsibility in the SRT contributed to development of nursing leadership skills, (3) The way nursing services are organized affects the quality of care and satisfaction in one’s own work situation. Conclusion SRTs can be a way of organizing clinical placement studies to strengthen nursing students’ competence in the nursing leadership role and may counteract the reality shock when transitioning from the student role to the professional role.
Elevated vascular transformation blood biomarkers in Long-COVID indicate angiogenesis as a key pathophysiological mechanism
Authors: Patel Maitray A. , Knauer Michael J. , Nicholson Michael , Daley Mark , Van Nynatten Logan R. , Martin Claudio , Patterson Eric K. , Cepinskas Gediminas , Seney Shannon L. , Dobretzberger Verena , Miholits Markus , Webb Brian , Fraser Douglas D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Long-COVID is characterized by prolonged, diffuse symptoms months after acute COVID-19. Accurate diagnosis and targeted therapies for Long-COVID are lacking. We investigated vascular transformation biomarkers in Long-COVID patients.

Methods
A case–control study utilizing Long-COVID patients, one to six months (median 98.5 days) post-infection, with multiplex immunoassay measurement of sixteen blood biomarkers of vascular transformation, including ANG-1, P-SEL, MMP-1, VE-Cad, Syn-1, Endoglin, PECAM-1, VEGF-A, ICAM-1, VLA-4, E-SEL, thrombomodulin, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3, VCAM-1 and VEGF-D.

Results
Fourteen vasculature transformation blood biomarkers were significantly elevated in Long-COVID outpatients, versus acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients and healthy controls subjects (P < 0.05). A unique two biomarker profile consisting of ANG-1/P-SEL was developed with machine learning, providing a classification accuracy for Long-COVID status of 96%. Individually, ANG-1 and P-SEL had excellent sensitivity and specificity for Long-COVID status (AUC = 1.00, P < 0.0001; validated in a secondary cohort). Specific to Long-COVID, ANG-1 levels were associated with female sex and a lack of disease interventions at follow-up (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Long-COVID patients suffer prolonged, diffuse symptoms and poorer health. Vascular transformation blood biomarkers were significantly elevated in Long-COVID, with angiogenesis markers (ANG-1/P-SEL) providing classification accuracy of 96%. Vascular transformation blood biomarkers hold potential for diagnostics, and modulators of angiogenesis may have therapeutic efficacy.
Adverse childhood experiences, associated stressors and comorbidities in children and youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder across the justice and child protection settings in Western Australia
Authors: Tan Grace Kuen Yee , Symons Martyn , Fitzpatrick James , Connor Sophia G. , Cross Donna , Pestell Carmela F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are at risk of having adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), especially those with child protection and/or justice system involvement. The complex relationship between FASD and psychosocial vulnerabilities in the affected individual is an important clinical risk factor for comorbidity. This study (1) explored the ACEs and associated stressors in individuals with FASD; (2) investigated the association between ACEs and negative outcomes, i.e., justice/child protection system involvement; and (3) examined the relationship between ACEs and comorbid conditions such as mood and neurodevelopmental disorders.MethodsData were collected retrospectively via file review from diagnostic clinics in Western Australia. Life adversity was coded using a standardised ACEs questionnaire. A total of 211 participants (72% males) with FASD with a mean age of 11 years (range = 2–21) were included in the final sample. 70% of the total sample had been involved with the child protection system and 40% had trouble with the law.ResultsExposure to drinking/substance misuse at home (70%) and domestic violence (52%) were the two most common ACEs across the total sample. In the entire cohort, 39% had four or more ACEs, indicating higher risks of poor health outcomes. Additional stressors recorded were disengagement from school (43%), transiency (19%), victims of bullying (12%), traumatic brain injury (9%) and homelessness (5%). ACEs such as drinking/substance misuse at home, emotional neglect and physical neglect were positively associated with child protection system involvement. Additionally, exposure to domestic violence was positively correlated with justice system involvement. Higher rates of life adversity in this clinical population were associated with an increased number of comorbidities. Specifically, those with FASD who had comorbidities such as attachment disorder, substance use disorder, and PTSD also reported higher ACEs scores.ConclusionACEs were common in this clinical population. Increased ACEs in this sample were associated with increased comorbidities and involvement with the child protection and/or justice system. This highlights that prevention, intervention and early diagnosis of FASD are important for at risk children to reduce the negative effects of ACEs.
An explanatory model of depressive symptoms from anxiety, post-traumatic stress, somatic symptoms, and symptom perception: the potential role of inflammatory markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Paredes-Angeles Rubí , Mayo-Puchoc Nikol , Vilela-Estada Ana L. , Copez-Lonzoy Anthony , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The context of the COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the mental health of the population, increasing the incidence of mental health problems such as depression, especially in those who have had COVID-19. Our study puts forward an explanatory model of depressive symptoms based on subjective psychological factors in those hospitalized for COVID-19 with and without biological markers (i.e., inflammatory markers). Therefore, we aim to evaluate the hypotheses proposed in the model to predict the presence of depressive symptoms.

Method
We conducted a cross-sectional study, using a simple random sampling. Data from 277 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Lima-Peru, were collected to assess mental health variables (i.e., depressive, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and somatic symptoms), self-perception of COVID-19 related symptoms, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) such as inflammatory marker. We performed a structural equation modeling analysis to evaluate a predictive model of depressive symptoms.

Results
The results showed a prevalence of depressive symptoms (11.2%), anxiety symptoms (7.9%), somatic symptoms (2.2%), and symptoms of post-traumatic stress (6.1%) in the overall sample. No association was found between the prevalence of these mental health problems among individuals with and without severe inflammatory response. The mental health indicators with the highest prevalence were sleep problems (48%), low energy (47.7%), nervousness (48.77%), worry (47.7%), irritability (43.7%) and back pain (52%) in the overall sample. The model proposed to explain depressive symptoms was able to explain more than 83.7% of the variance and presented good goodness-of-fit indices. Also, a different performance between the proposed model was found between those with and without severe inflammatory response. This difference was mainly found in the relationship between anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms, and between the perception of COVID-19 related symptoms and somatic symptoms.

Conclusions
Results demonstrated that our model of mental health variables may explain depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients of COVID-19 from a third-level hospital in Peru. In the model, perception of symptoms influences somatic symptoms, which impact both anxiety symptoms and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Thus, anxiety symptoms could directly influence depressive symptoms or through symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Our findings could be useful to decision-makers for the prevention of depression, used to inform the creation of screening tools (i.e., perception of symptoms, somatic and anxiety symptoms) to identify vulnerable patients to depression.
Lifting lockdown: Renewed access to arts and cultural activities
Authors: Worsley Joanne , Billington Josie , Balabanova Ekaterina , Chapple Melissa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The effects of COVID-19 on mental health are profound. While there is a growing body of evidence on arts supporting mental health, the re-engagement with in-person arts and cultural activity has remained slow following the lifting of restrictions.

Methods
Interviews with 14 representatives, including providers and practitioners, from 12 arts and cultural organisations within the Liverpool City Region (LCR) were conducted. The aim was to examine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions easing on arts and cultural provision in the LCR, and on the mental health and wellbeing of those whom arts and cultural organisations serve, including those who would usually access arts through formal healthcare routes (e.g., those usually served via arts organisations’ partnership with health or social care providers). Data were analysed using framework analysis.

Results
Three overarching themes were identified: The new normal: ‘Out of crisis comes innovation’; Complexities of operating ‘in the new COVID world’; and Reimagining arts in mental healthcare.

Conclusion
As engagement in community and cultural activities plays a public health role, a hybrid delivery of arts and culture – ensuring continued online access alongside in-person provision – will be vital for people’s recovery. Alongside efforts to reimagine arts in mental healthcare in the wake of the crisis caused by the pandemic, the role of arts and culture in providing stigma-free environments to reconnect the vulnerable and isolated is more critical than ever. Recommendations on the role of arts and culture in sustaining the mental health and wellbeing of the population and embedding the arts within clinical care and public health prevention schemes are provided.
Is simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty deleterious in a biomechanical point of view? A comparative gait analysis study
Authors: Caudron Martin , Detrembleur Christine , Van Cauter Maïté 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Uni- or bilateral hip osteoarthritis is a common disease generating pain, stiffness, and functional disabilities. Changes in the normal walking with higher energy expenditures are observed. Facing a cruel lack of biomechanical data, we decided to analyse the impact on the walking of single and simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasties (THA).

Method
We conducted a prospective monocentric study, comparing two matched groups of 15 patients able to walk with symptomatic isolated uni- (group 1) or bilateral HO (group 2) and treated respectively by unilateral THA (UTHA) or simultaneous bilateral THA (SBTHA). Surgery was performed by a single surgeon with a direct anterior approach and approved by local ethical committee. Walking was assessed by a « 3D Gait analysis motion» pre and at 6 months post operatively.

Result
In the UTHA group, recovery, i.e., efficiency of locomotor mechanism (p < 0.001) and pelvis sagittal balance (p = 0.031) improved, while external and total work (p = 0.010) decreased post operatively. In the SBTHA group, speed (p = 0.035), step length (p = 0.046), range of motion of knee sagittal stance (p = 0.009) and hip frontal (p = 0.031), and internal work are significatively higher (p < 0.001) post operatively.

Conclusions
This original study attests that THA has a positive impact on walking and energetics outcome in UTHA and SBTHA.
How, when and where? A systematic review on abortion decision making in legally restricted settings in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean
Authors: Hinson Laura , Bhatti Anam M. , Sebany Meroji , Bell Suzanne O. , Steinhaus Mara , Twose Claire , Izugbara Chimaraoke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
With increasing global availability of medication abortion drugs, a safer option exists for many women to terminate a pregnancy even in legally restrictive settings. However, more than 22,000 women die each year from unsafe abortion, most often in developing countries where abortion is highly legally restricted. We conducted a systematic review to compile existing evidence regarding factors that influence women’s abortion-related decision making in countries where abortion is highly legally restricted.

Methods
We searched ten databases in two languages (English and Spanish) for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2019 that address women’s decision-making regarding when, where and how to terminate a pregnancy in sub-Saharan African, Latin American and the Caribbean countries where abortion is highly legally restricted.

Results
We identified 46 articles that met the review’s inclusion criteria. We found four primary factors that influenced women’s abortion-related decision-making processes: (1) the role of knowledge, including of laws, methods and sources; (2) the role of safety, including medical, legal and social safety; (3) the role of social networks and the internet, and; (4) cost affordability and convenience.

Conclusions
The choices women make after deciding to terminate a pregnancy are shaped by myriad factors, particularly in contexts where abortion is highly legally restricted. Our review catalogued the predominant influences on these decisions of when, where and how to abort. More research is needed to better understand how these factors work in concert to best meet women’s abortion needs to the full limit of the law and within a harm reduction framework for abortions outside of legal indications.
Individual and organizational features of a favorable work environment in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Potrebny Thomas , Igland Jannicke , Espehaug Birgitte , Ciliska Donna , Graverholt Birgitte 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The organizational context in healthcare (i.e., the work environment) is associated with patient outcomes and job satisfaction. Long-term care is often considered to be a challenging work environment, characterized by high job demands, low job control, a fast work pace and job dissatisfaction, which may affect patient care and increase staff turnover.This study aims to investigate the organizational context in nursing homes and the features of favorable or less favorable work environments.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional study of registered nurses and licensed practical nurses in Bergen, Norway (n = 1014). The K-means clustering algorithm was used to differentiate between favorable and less favorable work environments, based on the Alberta Context Tool. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between individual sociodemographic factors, nursing home factors and the probability of experiencing a favorable work environment.

Results
45% of the sample (n = 453) experienced working in a favorable work environment. Contextual features (especially a supportive work culture, more evaluation mechanisms and greater organizational slack resources) and individual features (having a native language other than Norwegian, working day shifts, working full time and belonging to a younger age group) significantly increased the likelihood of experiencing a favorable work environment.

Conclusion
The work environment in nursing homes is composed of modifiable contextual features. Action in relation to less favorable features and their associated factors should be a priority for nursing home management. This survey indicates that specific steps can be taken to reduce the reliance on part-time workers and to promote the work environment among staff working the night shift.
Comparative transcriptomics in human COPD reveals dysregulated genes uniquely expressed in ferrets
Authors: Hussain Shah S. , Edwards Yvonne J. K. , Libby Emily Falk , Stanford Denise , Byzek Stephen A. , Sin Don D. , McDonald Merry-Lynn , Raju S. Vamsee , Rowe Steven M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease with poor treatment options. However, most mouse models of COPD produce a primarily emphysematous disease not recapitulating clinically meaningful COPD features like chronic bronchitis.

Methods
Wild-type ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were divided randomly into two groups: whole body cigarette smoke exposure and air controls. Ferrets were exposed to smoke from 1R6F research cigarettes, twice daily for six months. RNA-sequencing was performed on RNA isolated from lung tissue. Comparative transcriptomics analyses of COPD in ferrets, mice, and humans were done to find the uniquely expressed genes. Further, Real-time PCR was performed to confirmed RNA-Seq data on multiple selected genes.

Results
RNA-sequence analysis identified 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were associated with the development of COPD in ferrets. By comparative analysis, we identified 25 DEGs that are uniquely expressed in ferrets and humans, but not mice. Among DEGs, a number were related to mucociliary clearance (NEK-6, HAS1, and KL), while others have been correlated with abnormal lung function (IL-18), inflammation (TREM1, CTSB), or oxidative stress (SRX1, AHRR). Multiple cellular pathways were aberrantly altered in the COPD ferret model, including pathways associated with COPD pathogenesis in humans. Validation of these selected unique DEGs using real-time PCR demonstrated > absolute 2-fold changes in mRNA versus air controls, consistent with RNA-seq analysis.

Conclusion
Cigarette smoke-induced COPD in ferrets modulates gene expression consistent with human COPD and suggests that the ferret model may be uniquely well suited for the study of aspects of the disease.