bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on structural performance evolution of clay based on distribution force model
Authors: Wang You , Ma Tingting , Ren Jialin 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the variation law between the clay microstructure and macro external force by using soil scanning electron microscope (SEM) images.Design/methodology/approachFirst, SEM images of clay were pre-processed by MATLAB, and quantitative statistical parameters such as directional probability entropy, fractal dimension and shape factor are extracted. Second, the distribution force model was proposed, considering that the microscopic parameters of soil particles were independent of each other, and the distribution coefficient was determined according to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Then, the fitted formula of quantitative statistical parameters based on the distribution force model was obtained by taking the macroscopic distribution force as independent variable and the microscopic parameters of soil particles as dependent variable. Finally, the correctness of corresponding fitting formula was verified.FindingsThe results showed that the change of external consolidation pressure has great influence on the directional probability entropy and fractal dimension, while the shape factor reflecting the regular degree of soil particle shape is less sensitive to the consolidation pressure. The fitting formula has high accuracy, and mostly the R value can reach more than 0.9. All the data have passed the test, which proves that the distribution force model proposed in this paper is rational.Originality/valueThe model can be used to connect the macroscopic stress of soil with the micro-structure deformation of soil particles through mathematical formula, which can provide reference for engineering practice.
Isolate and SEAL: two steps to designing an innovative and potent business model
Authors: Chatterjee Sayan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
A systematic and repeatable process – Isolate and SEAL – can enable strategists to identify such potentially game-changing operational actions that will support significant business model innovations.

Design/methodology/approach
The end-to-end Isolate and SEAL process can be demonstrated using a historical review of the emergent strategy that produced the highly successful business model of Southwest Airlines.

Findings
Instead of trying to decide “what to do” to create an operational advantage, businesses attempting to innovate should first identify the core objective that operationalizes the winning profit logic.

Practical implications
Southwest fortuitously discovered its innovative profit logic when … Kelleher’ had to exhort his team to figure out how to deliver a four-plane schedule with three planes.

Originality/value
The potenrially game-changing two-step process: 10; Step 1 – Isolate: split the value chain’s elements into its component parts. 10; Step 2 – SEAL: Reconstruct the value chain using the four actions that effectively deliver the core objectives (Shift in space and time, Eliminate, Alter/Add, Leverage). 10;
Historic architecture in tourism consumption
Authors: Yabanci Orhan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Historic architecture is one of the most prevalent human-made attractions and image attributes that the tourism industry substantially benefits from. Moreover, this attraction creates a critical value in augmenting destination competitiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss historic architecture in relation to guest experience and to find out if historic buildings used as hotels are, physically, elements of attraction. The findings reveal that historic buildings used as hotels have a specific potential in attracting guests, and these buildings are mainly considered positive by guests. Hotel guests are satisfied by the physical – i.e., architectural and atmospheric – features of hotels serving in historic buildings. This paper will help readers rethink how historic architecture plays a key role in tourism consumption. The paper uniquely seeks to delve into the potential of historic hotel buildings as elements of attraction by examining over 9.8 thousand comments of hotel guests.
Attending to child agency in paediatric palliative care consultations: Adults’ use of tag questions directed to the child
Authors: Ekberg Katie , Ekberg Stuart , Weinglass Lara , Herbert Anthony , Rendle‐Short Johanna , Bluebond‐Langner Myra , Yates Patsy , Bradford Natalie , Danby Susan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChildren's agency in their own lives is increasingly recognised as important, including within paediatric health care. The issue of acknowledging child agency is complex in the context of paediatric palliative care, where children have serious and complex conditions that often impact their ability to verbally communicate with others. This study explores how clinicians and parents/guardians direct talk towards a child patient when they are present in a consultation. Conversation analysis methods were used to examine 74 video‐recorded paediatric palliative care consultations. Detailed turn‐by‐turn examination of the recorded consultations identified the recurrent use of a practice described by linguists as a ‘tag question’, which follows some statement (e.g. ‘he loves that, don't ya’). Both clinicians and parents/guardians often directed these tag questions towards the child patient. Analysis demonstrated how these tag questions: (1) validated the child's epistemic authority over what was being said and (2) made a child's response a possible, but not necessary, next action. The findings are discussed in relation to the sociology of child agency and how this agency is acknowledged and displayed within and through social interaction. This research provides direct evidence of children's competence as informants about their own symptoms.
Comparative analysis of histone H3K27me3 modifications between blastocysts and somatic tissues in cattle
Authors: Yamazaki Satomi , Ikeda Shuntaro , Minami Naojiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEpigenetic modifications established in the early developmental stages can have long‐term consequences throughout life. This concept encompasses the possibility of controlling livestock health and diseases by epigenetic regulation during early development. To explore the candidates of epigenetic modifications in early embryos that might exert long‐lasting effects in adulthood, we aimed to obtain genome‐wide histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) profiles of bovine blastocysts and compare these data with those from adult somatic tissues in order to extract common and typical features between them. Bovine blastocysts were produced in vitro and subjected to chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing analysis of H3K27me3. Comparative analysis of the blastocyst‐derived H3K27me3 profile performed using publicly available data from adult muscle, fat, and liver tissues revealed that (1) blastocyst‐specific modifications against somatic tissues were enriched in immune function‐related genes, (2) somatic modifications “sieved” by blastocyst modifications were enriched in biological processes in tissue‐specific trends, (3) the modifications common in blastocyst and each somatic tissue were largely overlapped and enriched in developmentally important genes, including homeobox and imprinted genes. The results of this study produced a genome‐wide H3K27me3 profile of bovine blastocysts and revealed its common and typical features in relation to the profiles of adult somatic tissues.
Is social origin, destination or mobility what matters to adult self‐rated oral health?
Authors: Miranda Gabriela , Bernabé Eduardo , Delgado‐Angulo Elsa Karina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the independent contributions of parental socioeconomic position (SEP), own SEP and social mobility to explain adult self‐rated oral health.MethodsData from 6633 participants in the 1970 British Cohort Study were analysed. Parental SEP at the age of 10 years (social origin) and own SEP at the age of 46 years (social destination) were indicated by the 7‐class National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification (NS‐SEC). The study outcome was self‐rated oral health (SROH) at the age of 46 years. Diagonal reference models (DRMs) were used to parse out the effects of parental SEP, own SEP and intergenerational mobility from childhood to middle adulthood, after adjusting for demographic characteristics (sex, ethnicity, country and area of residence).ResultsOverall, 23.1% of participants reported poor SROH. A baseline DRM, with no indicators of social mobility, showed that the contribution of own SEP to explain variations in SROH was higher than that of parental SEP. However, they became almost equal after indicators of social mobility were introduced. Downward mobility was associated with poor SROH (odds ratio: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51), but upward mobility was not (1.01, 95% CI: 0.83–1.23). Also, short‐range downward mobility and long‐range downward mobility (moving 1 and 2+ social classes down in NS‐SEC, respectively) were associated with poor SROH (1.26, 95% CI: 1.01–1.58 and 1.39, 95% CI: 1.06–1.83, respectively) whilst short‐range upward mobility (1.04, 95% CI: 0.84–1.28) and long‐range upward mobility (0.88, 95% CI: 0.67–1.14) were not.ConclusionsThe contributions of parental and own SEP were similar once social mobility was accounted for. Only downward mobility was associated with poor SROH, with new evidence that long‐range mobility was more strongly associated with poor SROH than short‐range mobility.
Differences between hairdressers and consumers in skin exposure to hair cosmetic products: A review
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Johansen Jeanne D. , Weinert Patricia , Babić Željka , Hallmann Sarah , Havmose Martin S. , Kezic Sanja , Macan Marija , Macan Jelena , Strahwald Julia , Turk Rajka , van der Molen Henk F. , John Swen M. , Uter Wolfgang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHairdressers are at high risk of developing occupational hand eczema. Opinions on the health and safety concerns of nonfood consumer products, such as cosmetics and their ingredients, consider the exposure of a “common consumer,” which may not account for occupational exposure of hairdressers. As a result, there is a parlous scenario in which serious safety concerns about occupational exposures are present. The purpose of this review is to compare the frequency of exposure to various types of hair cosmetic products among hairdressers and consumers. Database searches for this review yielded a total of 229 articles; 7 publications were ultimately included. The analysis showed that—dependent on the task—hairdressers were exposed 4 to 78 times more than consumers to a wide spectrum of hair cosmetic products used in their daily working life, ranging from shampoos, conditioners, oxidative and nonoxidative hair colors, to bleaching agents. The highest frequency was found for coloring hair with oxidative hair color. Consumer use frequency does not appear to be appropriate for representing hairdresser exposure. The current standards do not effectively address the occupational risks associated with hairdressers' use of cosmetics. The findings of this study should cause current risk‐assessment procedures to be reconsidered.
Evaluating the Redistributive Effect of Social Security Programs in China over the Past 30 Years
Authors: Cai Meng , Xu Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChina has improved its social security system in recent decades, with the aim of achieving universal coverage and improving the equity of income distribution. Based on data from the five rounds of Chinese Household Income Project surveys from 1988 to 2018, this paper examines the long‐term redistributive effects of social security programs in China. Our results show that social security programs have reduced income inequality consistently, and the positive redistributive effects have been improving for the past 30 years. Social security transfers have had an increasingly essential role in rural areas, especially after 2002 when China started to establish a comprehensive rural social safety net and expanded the coverage of the social security program. The redistributive efficiency of the social security system has also increased recently.
Self‐employment in Urban China: Entrepreneurship or Disguised Unemployment?
Authors: Ma Xinxin , Li Shi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo explore the mechanism of entry to the self‐employed sector in urban China, this study tested two hypotheses: the entrepreneurship hypothesis and the disguised unemployment hypothesis, investigating the impact of mass entrepreneurship and innovation policies on business start‐ups. Three main findings emerged. First, the entrepreneurship hypothesis was rejected for both local urban residents and migrants in 2013 but was supported for both groups in 2018. Second, the causality relationship between mass entrepreneurship and innovation policies and business starts‐ups was not significant. Third, the results differed by group. The entrepreneurship hypothesis was supported for the younger generation of migrants in 2018 but was clearly rejected for the less educated, both in the local urban resident and migrant groups in 2013 and 2018. Robustness checks confirmed these conclusions.
Waist circumference thresholds predicting incident dysglycaemia and type 2 diabetes in Black African men and women
Authors: Goedecke Julia H. , Nguyen Kim A. , Kufe Clement , Masemola Maphoko , Chikowore Tinashe , Mendham Amy E. , Norris Shane A. , Crowther Nigel J. , Karpe Fredrik , Olsson Tommy , Kengne Andre Pascal , Micklesfield Lisa K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo determine the waist circumference (WC) thresholds for the prediction of incident dysglycaemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Black South African (SA) men and women and to compare these to the advocated International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Europid thresholds.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective study, Black SA men (n = 502) and women (n = 527) from the Middle‐aged Sowetan Cohort study who had normal or impaired fasting glucose at baseline (2011‐2015) were followed up until 2017 to 2018. Baseline measurements included anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. At follow‐up, glucose tolerance was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test. The Youden index was used to determine the optimal threshold of WC to predict incident dysglycaemia and T2D.ResultsIn men, the optimal WC threshold was 96.8 cm for both dysglycaemia and T2D (sensitivity: 56% and 70%; specificity: 74% and 70%, respectively), and had higher specificity (P < 0.001) than the IDF threshold of 94 cm. In women, the optimal WC threshold for incident dysglycaemia was 91.8 cm (sensitivity 86%, specificity 37%) and for T2D it was 95.8 cm (sensitivity 85%, specificity 45%), which had lower sensitivity, but higher specificity to predict incident dysglycaemia and T2D than the IDF threshold of 80 cm (sensitivity: 97% and 100%; specificity: 12% and 11%, respectively)).ConclusionsWe show for the first time using prospective cohort data from Africa that the IDF Europid WC thresholds are not appropriate for an African population, and show that African‐specific WC thresholds perform better than the IDF Europid thresholds to predict incident dysglycaemia and T2D.
Evolutionary neuroecology of olfactory‐mediated sexual communication and host specialization in Drosophila – a review
Authors: Khallaf Mohammed A. , Knaden Markus 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn humans, finding a partner is quite a difficult task because there are many criteria that one needs to consider. However, in comparison to many animals, when choosing a partner, we easily discriminate between ourselves and members of other species through various communication systems. On the contrary, many fly species (Diptera) are morphologically similar and overlap in their geographical distributions and ecological habitats. Sexual interactions of most drosophilid flies occur on their hosts. Therefore, flies rely on olfactory sex pheromones, as well as on non‐pheromonal chemicals such as host volatiles – which guide and restrict the search for conspecifics within limited locations – as honest signals for pre‐mating reproductive isolation. A subtle divergence in the perception of these signals can lead to accumulated changes among populations of the same species, and ultimately to a reduction in gene flow and reproductive isolation. In recent years, we have seen an increased interest in how olfactory systems diverge to drive host adaptation and speciation. In this review, we discuss the evolutionary changes of the neural circuits that underlie mate recognition. We shed light onto sex pheromone communication systems, the construction of olfactory nervous systems, and the role of host specialization in reproductive isolation. Finally, leveraging the incipient speciation of Drosophila mojavensis Patterson populations, we highlight the underlying sensory mechanisms of the reproductive isolation barriers. In the end, we propose future research topics of the evolutionary neuroecology field of sexual communication.
Delegating or failing to care: Does relationship with the supervisor change how job autonomy affect work outcomes?
Authors: Lauring Jakob , Kubovcikova Annamaria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile the job characteristics model has generally portrayed a positive relation between job autonomy and work outcomes, researchers have started to suggest that under certain circumstances, the role of autonomy is more ambivalent. For example, social context can affect the perception of autonomy, so it is seen as a type of neglect if exercised in circumstances of suboptimal relations between a supervisor and a supervisee. In this study, we aim to test this assertion using a moderated mediation model applied on matched responses from 451 pairs of academic scientific employees. Results showed an overall positive association between job autonomy and work outcomes. However, this was moderated by the social context in the form of a trusting relationship towards the autonomy‐granting supervisor. We can conclude that autonomy yields the highest benefits to the employee only in positive social contexts, because this is vital for attitudinal gains, namely, higher job satisfaction, ultimately translating to performance gains too.
Changes in nonnutritive sweetener intake in a cohort of preschoolers after the implementation of Chile's Law of Food Labelling and Advertising
Authors: Rebolledo Natalia , Reyes Marcela , Popkin Barry M. , Adair Linda , Avery Christy L. , Corvalán Camila , Ng Shu Wen , Taillie Lindsey Smith 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe first phase of Chile's Law of Food Labelling and Advertising showed important declines in the sugar content of packaged foods, but it is unknown whether the law led to an increase in nonnutritive sweetener (NNS) intake, particularly among preschool children.ObjectivesEstimate the changes in preschoolers' NNS intake after the first phase of the Chilean law.MethodsWe used 24‐h dietary recalls collected in 2016 (pre‐law) and 2017 (post‐law) from a cohort of preschoolers (n = 875). The primary caretaker was the respondent of the recalls. Information on NNS was obtained from nutrition facts panels collected annually and linked to dietary data. We used logistic regression to estimate the changes in the proportion of preschoolers who consume NNS and two‐part models to estimate the changes in mean intake. We determined the percentage of children that surpassed the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of each NNS using the National Cancer Institute method.ResultsThe proportion of consumers of at least one NNS increased from 77.9% to 92.0% (p‐value < 0.01). The mean intake increased for sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame‐K and steviol glycosides (+20.3, +15.1, +6.1 and +3.3 mg/day, respectively). In addition, NNS dietary sources changed for sucralose and steviol glycosides, becoming industrialized juices and dairy beverages more relevant while tabletop NNS became less relevant. None of the children surpassed the ADI.ConclusionsNNS intake increased in preschoolers after the first phase of a national policy that promoted sugar reformulation.
Trehalase is required for sex pheromone biosynthesis in Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Yunhui , Guan Ruobing , Du Mengfang , Yin Xinming , Zhao Wenli , An Shiheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTrehalase (Treh) hydrolyzes trehalose to generate glucose and it plays important role in many physiological processes. Acetyl‐CoA, the precursor of sex pheromone biosynthesis in the pheromone gland (PG) of Helicoverpa armigera, originates from glucose during glycolysis. However, the function of Treh in sex pheromone biosynthesis remains elusive. In the present study, H. armigera was used as a model to investigate the function of two Trehs (Treh1 and Treh2) in sex pheromone biosynthesis. Results demonstrated that knockdown of HaTreh1 or HaTreh2 in female PGs led to significant decreases in Z11‐16:Ald production, female ability to attract males, and successful mating proportions. Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) treatment triggered HaTreh1 and HaTreh2 activities in the isolated PGs and Sf9 cells. However, the activities of HaTreh1 and HaTreh2 triggered by PBAN were offset by H‐89, the specific inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA). Furthermore, the H‐89 treatment significantly decreased the phosphorylation level of Trhe2, which was induced by PBAN. In addition, sugar feeding (5% sugar) increased the enzyme activities of Treh1 and Treh2. In summary, our findings confirmed that PBAN activates Treh1/2 activities by recruiting cAMP/PKA signalling, promotes glycolysis to ensure the supply of acetyl‐CoA, and ultimately facilitates sex pheromone biosynthesis and mating behaviour.
The influence of deviating conditions on levee failure rates
Authors: Kool Job J. , Kanning Willem , Jonkman Sebastiaan N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study introduces a method for assessing the annual failure rate of levees based on information from historical floods, while also considering the return period of these past events. Also, an approach has been developed to quantify the influence of deviating conditions on failure rates. The presence of deviating conditions at failed and survived levee sections is analyzed based on satellite observations. Bayesian techniques and likelihood ratios are used to update the failure rate as a function of the presence of deviations. The river system of Sachsen‐Anhalt, Germany, is used as a case study. It experienced severe floods with many levee failures in the years 2002 and 2013. It is found that the presence of geological deviations had a significant influence on the observed failure rate and that failure rate increases with the magnitude of the hydraulic loading. It is also discussed how the expected number of failures in a system during a flood event with a certain magnitude can be estimated. The results of this study can be used to further optimize soil investigations, calibrate the results of more advanced reliability analyses and complement risk assessments, particularly in data‐poor environments.