bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between molar incisor hypomineralization and oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elhennawy K. , Rajjoub O. , Reissmann D. R. , Doueiri M.-S. , Hamad R. , Sierwald I. , Wiedemann V. , Bekes K. , Jost-Brinkmann P.-G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to assess the association between molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a group of 7- to 14-year-old children in Berlin, Germany.

Materials and methods
The cross-sectional study consisted of a consecutive sample of 317 children, aged 7–14 years (49% girls, 51% boys; mean age, 8.71). Data were collected between June 2018 and December 2019. MIH was diagnosed using the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. OHRQoL was assessed using the German 19-item version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP-G19). Differences in COHIP-19 summary scores between controls without MIH and MIH patients and with regards to MIH severity were tested for statistical significance using t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively.

Results
Data were obtained for 217 untreated MIH patients and 100 controls. OHRQoL of MIH patients was significantly more impaired than of controls indicated by COHIP-19 mean scores (60.9 ± 10.7 vs. 67.9 ± 7.8; p < 0.001). Patients with severe MIH (59.6 ± 11.0) reported significantly worse OHRQoL than patients with mild MIH (63.6 ± 9.1; p = 0.013).

Conclusions
MIH has a significant negative impact on the children’s OHRQoL. Patients with severe MIH experience a greater negative impact on OHRQoL than those diagnosed with mild MIH.

Clinical significance
MIH is one of the major dental problems of our time; pediatric dentists should be aware of its impact on the OHRQoL of the patient.
Approximating the discrete time-cost tradeoff problem with bounded depth
Authors: Daboul Siad , Held Stephan , Vygen Jens 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe revisit the deadline version of the discrete time-cost tradeoff problem for the special case of bounded depth. Such instances occur for example in VLSI design. The depth of an instance is the number of jobs in a longest chain and is denoted by d. We prove new upper and lower bounds on the approximability. First we observe that the problem can be regarded as a special case of finding a minimum-weight vertex cover in a d-partite hypergraph. Next, we study the natural LP relaxation, which can be solved in polynomial time for fixed d and—for time-cost tradeoff instances—up to an arbitrarily small error in general. Improving on prior work of Lovász and of Aharoni, Holzman and Krivelevich, we describe a deterministic algorithm with approximation ratio slightly less than $$\frac{d}{2}$$

d
2

for minimum-weight vertex cover in d-partite hypergraphs for fixed d and given d-partition. This is tight and yields also a $$\frac{d}{2}$$

d
2

-approximation algorithm for general time-cost tradeoff instances, even if d is not fixed. We also study the inapproximability and show that no better approximation ratio than $$\frac{d+2}{4}$$

d
+
2

4

is possible, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture and $$\text {P}\ne \text {NP}$$

P
≠
NP

. This strengthens a result of Svensson [21], who showed that under the same assumptions no constant-factor approximation algorithm exists for general time-cost tradeoff instances (of unbounded depth). Previously, only APX-hardness was known for bounded depth.
What Are the Physical Demands of Sexual Intercourse? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Oliva-Lozano José M. , Alacid Fernando , López-Miñarro Pedro A. , Muyor José M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to systematically review the literature investigating the physical demands of sexual intercourse and to synthesize the evidence related to this research topic. Original studies published on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up until April 2020 were examined. The Effective Public Health Practice Project scale was used to assess the methodological quality of each study. Eighteen studies analyzed physical demands during sexual intercourse through the physiological demands (n = 14) and kinematics (n = 4) of sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse can elicit an energy expenditure of ~ 100 kcal (or ~ 6 metabolic equivalent units, METs) during the activity, mean heart rates between ~ 90 and ~ 130 beats per minute (bpm), and peak heart rates up to ~ 170 bpm. However, these physical demands may vary depending on health status, intercourse position, activity duration, intercourse phase, and sex differences. The movement pattern was cyclic in all positions and the greatest demands in lumbar spine flexion were found in the missionary positions for women. Missionary and side-lying positions elicited the greatest lumbar flexion movement in men. Regarding the movement of the hip joint during sexual intercourse, flexion, abduction, and external rotation mainly characterized the woman’s movement while external rotation did so in the man. In conclusion, sexual intercourse may elicit moderate intensity physical demands, but these demands vary depending on contextual variables. In addition, not only studies combining physiological and kinematic analyses are necessary but also more high-quality studies need to be published in order to have a better understanding of the physical demands of sexual intercourse.
Molecular mechanisms and differences in lynch syndrome developing into colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer based on gene expression, methylation, and mutation analysis
Authors: Li Hongfeng , Sun Liwei , Zhuang Yan , Tian Caijuan , Yan Fang , Zhang Zhenzhen , Hu Yuanjing , Liu Pengfei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to screen biomarkers specific to Lynch syndrome (LS) with colorectal cancer (CRC) or endometrial cancer (EC) to explore the mechanisms by which LS develops into CRC and EC and their differences.MethodsDifferentially expressed or differentially methylated genes and differential mutations were identified in 10 LS, 50 CRC, and 50 EC patients from TCGA, and genes overlapping between LS and CRC or EC (named SGs-LCs and SGs-LEs, respectively) were identified. Afterward, we annotated the enriched GO terms and pathways and constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, samples from 10 clinical cases with MSI-H/MSS CRC and EC were collected to verify the mutations and their correlations with five LS pathogenic genes in the SGs-LCs and SGs-LEs.ResultsA total of 494 SGs-LCs and 104 SGs-LEs were identified and enriched in 106 and 14 GO terms, respectively. There were great differences in the gene count and enriched terms between SGs-LCs and SGs-LEs. In the PPI network,SST,GCG,SNAP25, andNPYhad the highest degree of connection among the SGs-LCs, andKIF20AandNUF2had the highest degree of connection among the SGs-LE. In the SGs-LCs and SGs-LEs, the genes whose expression levels affected the survival of LS, CRC or EC patients were quite different.ConclusionsCOL11A1was found to be mutated in MSS CRC patients, similar to the mutations ofMSH6.SST,GCG,SNAP25, andNPYmay be biomarkers for the development of LS into CRC, andKIF20AandNUF2may be markers of LS developing into EC.
A Qualitative Exploration into Experiences and Attitudes Regarding Psychosocial Challenges, Self-compassion, and Mindfulness in a Population of Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kauser S. , Keyte R. , Mantzios M. , Egan H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo investigate the current psychosocial challenges faced by adults with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), while exploring attitudes and experiences of mindfulness and self-compassion. Mindfulness and self-compassion are important resources for supporting psychological and physical well-being, yet there is limited research exploring these positive psychology concepts in CF literature. Twenty UK domiciled adults with a diagnosis of CF, took part in a semi-structured interview. Using a thematic analysis approach, four themes were developed: (a) “I didn’t expect to be here”: Surpassing the CF life expectancy, (b) “Am I psychologically bringing this upon myself?”: Psychological complexities of CF, (c) “I’ve had to really learn to be kind to myself”: The importance of compassion and being self-compassionate, (d) “I think it’s a great tool”: The benefits of practising mindfulness. This research demonstrates a robust need for increased integration of accessible psychological practices into routine CF-care and self-care for adults with CF. Particularly, practises and interventions that draw on the concepts of mindfulness and self-compassion, which may benefit patient’s health and wellbeing profoundly.
Rapamycin attenuated podocyte apoptosis via upregulation of nestin in Ang II-induced podocyte injury
Authors: Shi Huimin , Zhao Yajie , He Tiantian , Wen Xianli , Qu Gaoting , Li Shanwen , Gan Weihua , Zhang Aiqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to the progression of glomerulosclerosis, mainly by inducing podocyte injury. Convincing evidence indicates that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin could play a fundamental role in protection against podocyte injury. Nestin, a major cytoskeletal protein, is stably expressed in podocytes and correlates with podocyte damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rapamycin on podocyte injury induced by Ang II and to clarify the role and mechanism of nestin in the protective effect of rapamycin of podocyte injury.

Methods and results
We established an Ang II perfusion animal model, and the effects of rapamycin treatment on podocytes were investigated in vivo. In vitro, podocytes were stimulated with Ang II and rapamycin to observe podocyte injury, and nestin-siRNA was transfected to investigate the underlying mechanisms. We observed that Ang II induced podocyte injury both in vivo and in vitro, whereas rapamycin treatment relieved Ang II-induced podocyte injury. We further found that nestin co-localized with p-mTOR in glomeruli, and the protective effect of rapamycin was reduced by nestin-siRNA in podocytes. Moreover, co-IP indicated the interaction between nestin and p-mTOR, and nestin could affect podocyte injury via the mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that rapamycin attenuated podocyte apoptosis via upregulation of nestin expression through the mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway in an Ang II-induced podocyte injury.
Disaster preparedness and resilience at household level in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Heinkel Sophie-Bo , Thiebes Benni , Zin Mar Than  , Toe Aung  , Tin Tin Kyi  , Win Lei Mar  , Saw Sandar Oo  , Miller Christian , Willkomm Marlene , Win Maung  , Zin Nwe Myint  , Khin Khin Soe  , Spohner Regine , Kraas Frauke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResilience has become important in disaster preparedness and response. Unfortunately, little is known about resilience at the household level. This study presents the results of a survey into individual and household level preparedness to disaster events in Yangon, Myanmar, which is prone to natural disasters such as tropical cyclones, flooding, and earthquakes. The study aimed to understand societal resilience and to provide information that could be used to develop a holistic framework. In four different Yangon townships, 440 households were interviewed. The results of the survey indicate how risk preparedness could be improved by specific measures related to the following five factors: (1) increasing the general public’s knowledge of first aid and its role in preparedness; (2) improving mobile phone infrastructure and capacity building in its usage so that it can be used for communication during disasters, along with building up a redundant communication structure; (3) better use and organisation of volunteer potential; (4) more specific involvement of religious and public buildings for disaster response; and (5) developing specific measures for improving preparedness in urban areas, where the population often has reduced capacities for coping with food supply insufficiencies due to the high and immediate availability of food, shops and goods in regular times. The findings of this survey have led to specific recommendations for Yangon. The identified measures represent a first step in developing a more general framework. Future research could investigate the transferability of these measures to other areas and thus their suitability as a basis for a framework.
Prognostic value of preoperative low bone mineral density in patients with digestive cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Saitsu Akihiro , Miki Atsushi , Kotani Kazuhiko , Sata Naohiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Osteopenia typically presents low bone mineral density (BMD) and has recently been reported as a prognostic factor in various cancers. However, the prognostic value of osteopenia in digestive tract cancers remains to be defined. We aimed to review the prognostic value of preoperative osteopenia in patients with digestive cancers.

Methods
Cohort studies evaluating the prognostic value of preoperative osteopenia in digestive cancers (colorectal, esophageal, hepatic, bile duct, and pancreatic cancer) were searched using electronic databases and trial registries. The exposure was defined as low BMD estimated by computed tomography at 11th thoracic vertebra, while comparator was normal BMD. The primary outcomes were overall survival and recurrence-free survival for osteopenia. Random effect meta-analyses were performed. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence.

Results
A total of 11 studies (2230 patients) were included. Osteopenia was an independent risk factor for overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.47 to 2.78; I2 = 74%), along with sarcopenia. Osteopenia also predicted poor recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.36 to 2.81; I2 = 85%). In subgroup analyses, osteopenia predicted prognosis in colorectal, esophageal, hepatic, and bile duct cancers, but not in pancreatic cancer. The certainty of the evidence was low due to inconsistency and publication bias.

Conclusion
Osteopenia may be independently associated with poor prognosis in patients with digestive tract cancer. Further studies are needed to establish the relevance of osteopenia in the operative prognosis of these patients.
Co-encapsulation of vitamin D and rutin in chitosan-zein microparticles
Authors: Tchuenbou-Magaia Fideline Laure , Tolve Roberta , Anyadike Uchechukwu , Giarola Marco , Favati Fabio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a growing interest in co-encapsulating multiple species to harness potential synergy between them, enhance their stability and efficacy in various products. The aim of this work was to co-encapsulate vitamin D3 and rutin inside chitosan-zein microparticles using a simple and easily scalable process for food fortification. This was achieved via anti-solvent precipitation coupled with spray-drying. Free-flowing powders of spherical microparticles with wrinkled surface and particle size < 10 μm were obtained. The encapsulation efficiency was 75% for vitamin D3 and 44% for rutin and this could be attributed to their different molecular size and affinity to the aqueous phase. The physicochemical properties were characterized by X-Ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The two crystalline bioactive compounds were present in the microparticles in amorphous form, which would allow for better bioavailability when compared to non-encapsulated crystalline solid. Therefore, the obtained microparticles would be suitable for use as food ingredient for vitamin D3 fortification, with the co-encapsulated rutin acting as stability and activity enhancer.
Mitochondria as Therapeutic Targets in Heart Failure
Authors: Schwemmlein Julia , Maack Christoph , Bertero Edoardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
We review therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring function of the failing heart by targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), ion handling, and substrate utilization for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.

Recent Findings
Mitochondria-targeted therapies have been tested in animal models of and humans with heart failure (HF). Cardiac benefits of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might be partly explained by their effects on ion handling and metabolism of cardiac myocytes.

Summary
The large energy requirements of the heart are met by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, which is tightly regulated by the turnover of ATP that fuels cardiac contraction and relaxation. In heart failure (HF), this mechano-energetic coupling is disrupted, leading to bioenergetic mismatch and production of ROS that drive the progression of cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, HF is accompanied by changes in substrate uptake and oxidation that are considered detrimental for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and negatively affect cardiac efficiency. Mitochondria lie at the crossroads of metabolic and energetic dysfunction in HF and represent ideal therapeutic targets.
Modeling radial groundwater flow in fractured media using fracture continuum approach
Authors: El-Kharakany Mohamed M. , Abd-Elmegeed Mohamed A. , Hassan Ahmed E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo modeling approaches are commonly utilized for simulating flow in fractured formations: the discrete fracture network (DFN) approach and the stochastic continuum (SC) approach. Although the DFN approach is the most accurate, it has computational and memory constraints. The SC approach ensures fast processing but results in system over-homogenization. The fracture continuum (FC) approach arises as an integrated technique that incorporates the merits of both approaches. The main objective of this research is to develop a computationally efficient technique based on the FC approach to simulate the radial groundwater flow towards wells through two-dimensional fractured media under both steady and transient conditions. A stochastic generation of the DFN is performed in a Monte Carlo framework taking into account wells positioning. The DFN flow system is solved by applying the mass balance equation at fracture intersections. Fracture segments are mapped onto grids of 1 × 1 m and 5 × 5 m resolution as conductivity and specific storage cells. The grid flow problem is solved via MODFLOW. Flow and head discrepancies between the proposed technique and the DFN approach (reference solution) are assessed in steady and transient conditions. A grid-conductivity correction is needed to preserve the DFN flow in the presence of wells. A porosity estimation is proposed to identify the grid-pressure transient response. Promising flow and head results are observed for fine and coarse grid models. Some of the studied cases show large discrepancies in the maximum drawdown obtained on the coarse grid model. Accordingly, a new technique is proposed to handle such discrepancies and is found efficient in transient simulations (e.g., 11% and 26.12% discrepancies are minimized to − 0.93% and − 1.03% for two studied cases). The adopted mapping technique is found efficient when the interest is to estimate the average drawdown over an aquifer as correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.97 are found for the coarse and fine grid models, respectively when compared to the DFN model. However, the technique has limitations in estimating the drawdown at locations of wells.
Medieval fish remains on the Newport ship identified by ZooMS collagen peptide mass fingerprinting
Authors: Buckley Michael , Harvey Virginia L. , Petiffer David , Russ Hannah , Wouters Wim , Van Neer Wim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFish represent a key economic, social and ecological group of species that humans have exploited for tens of thousands of years. However, as many fish stocks are going into decline and with little known about the anthropogenic impacts on the health of the marine ecosystem pre-Industrial Revolution, understanding historical and archaeological exploitation of fish species is key to accurately modelling these changes. Here, we explore the potential of collagen peptide mass fingerprinting (also known as Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry, or ZooMS) for identifying fish remains from the Medieval (fifteenth century) Newport ship wreck (Wales, UK), and in doing so we establish a set of biomarkers we consider useful in discriminating between European fish taxa through the inclusion of over 50 reference taxa. The archaeological results identified nine distinct taxonomic groups, dominated by ling (> 40%), and a substantial amount of cod (> 20%) and hake (~ 20%). The vast majority of samples (> 70%) were identified to species level, and the inability to identify the remaining taxonomic groups with confidence using ZooMS was due to the fact that the reference collection, despite being relatively large in comparison to those presented in mammalian studies, reflects only a small proportion of fish biodiversity from this region. Although the results clearly demonstrate the potential for ZooMS as a means of fish bone identification, the sheer number of different fish species that potentially make up ichthyoarchaeological assemblages leads to obvious requirements for the analysis on much greater numbers of modern reference specimens, or the acquisition of collagen sequences.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane fabrication with an ionic liquid via non-solvent thermally induced phase separation (N-TIPs)
Authors: He Ting , Li Xiaogang , Wang Qian , Zhou Yue , Wang Xiaozu , Wang Zhaohui , Tavajohi Naser , Cui Zhaoliang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was the first time successfully utilized as single solvent in preparing the PVDF membrane with a good performance by N-TIPs method. The effects of quenching temperature and hydrophilic additive content on the morphology, permeability, and strength of the membranes were studied. All the prepared PVDF membranes were proved to be a pure β phase by FTIR and XRD, possessing a narrow pore size distribution. By adjusting quenching temperature and additive content, membranes with a flux of 383.2 L/m2 h and concentrated pore diameter of 26 nm obtained.
Blend of natural coagulants as a sustainable solution for challenges of pollution from aquaculture wastewater
Authors: Karnena Manoj Kumar , Konni Madhavi , Dwarapureddi Bhavya Kavitha , Saritha Vara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDependency on sea food has increased owing to its nutrition as well as being complete food. As the production of seafood is enhanced through aquaculture, wastewater release has also improved. The composition of wastewater from aquaculture production has been a concern as it has oil and grease, organic content, etc., which makes its treatment challenging. The present study aims at treating aquaculture wastewater using two natural coagulants—chitin and seeds of Moringa oleifera. The efficiency of the natural coagulants was compared against inorganic chemical coagulant ferric chloride. A blended coagulant with two natural coagulants seeds of Moringa oleifera and chitin was also tested. Jar test apparatus was used in the current experiments, and four coagulant doses were tested against 3 pH ranges, from 6 to 8. The study results showed that the coagulants showed a 30–50% reduction in various physicochemical parameters. Further, the most promising result was obtained with the blended coagulants (di-blend) with 70–81% removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus and the highest reduction of chloride with 95%. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed functionalized groups responsible for coagulation, and X-ray powder diffraction analysis of the blended coagulant indicated the crystallinity and amorphous nature of the compounds. Scanning electron microscope analysis presented a firm and dense structure indicating adsorption of impurities onto the coagulant. Thus, it is evident that natural coagulants can be the solution for the challenges of aquaculture wastewater and specifically the di-blend used in the present is ascertained to be a promising solution.