bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barcode fusion genetics-protein-fragment complementation assay (BFG-PCA): tools and resources that expand the potential for binary protein interaction discovery
Authors: Evans-Yamamoto Daniel , Rouleau François D , Nanda Piyush , Makanae Koji , Liu Yin , Després Philippe C , Matsuo Hitoshi , Seki Motoaki , Dubé Alexandre K , Ascencio Diana , Yachie Nozomu , Landry Christian R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Barcode fusion genetics (BFG) utilizes deep sequencing to improve the throughput of protein–protein interaction (PPI) screening in pools. BFG has been implemented in Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens (BFG-Y2H). While Y2H requires test protein pairs to localize in the nucleus for reporter reconstruction, dihydrofolate reductase protein-fragment complementation assay (DHFR-PCA) allows proteins to localize in broader subcellular contexts and proves to be largely orthogonal to Y2H. Here, we implemented BFG to DHFR-PCA (BFG-PCA). This plasmid-based system can leverage ORF collections across model organisms to perform comparative analysis, unlike the original DHFR-PCA that requires yeast genomic integration. The scalability and quality of BFG-PCA were demonstrated by screening human and yeast interactions for &gt;11 000 bait-prey pairs. BFG-PCA showed high-sensitivity and high-specificity for capturing known interactions for both species. BFG-Y2H and BFG-PCA capture distinct sets of PPIs, which can partially be explained based on the domain orientation of the reporter tags. BFG-PCA is a high-throughput protein interaction technology to interrogate binary PPIs that exploits clone collections from any species of interest, expanding the scope of PPI assays.
Shedding light on neurons: optical approaches for neuromodulation
Authors: Jiang Shan , Wu Xiang , Rommelfanger Nicholas J , Ou Zihao , Hong Guosong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Today's optical neuromodulation techniques are rapidly evolving, benefiting from advances in photonics, genetics and materials science. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest optical approaches for neuromodulation. We begin with the physical principles and constraints underlying the interaction between light and neural tissue. We then present advances in optical neurotechnologies in seven modules: conventional optical fibers, multifunctional fibers, optical waveguides, light-emitting diodes, upconversion nanoparticles, optical neuromodulation based on the secondary effects of light, and unconventional light sources facilitated by ultrasound and magnetic fields. We conclude our review with an outlook on new methods and mechanisms that afford optical neuromodulation with minimal invasiveness and footprint.
Experimental realization of non-Abelian permutations in a three-state non-Hermitian system
Authors: Tang Weiyuan , Ding Kun , Ma Guancong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Eigenstates of a non-Hermitian system exist on complex Riemannian manifolds, with multiple sheets connecting at branch cuts and exceptional points (EPs). These eigenstates can evolve across different sheets—a process that naturally corresponds to state permutation. Here, we report the first experimental realization of non-Abelian permutations in a three-state non-Hermitian system. Our approach relies on the stroboscopic encircling of two different exceptional arcs (EAs), which are smooth trajectories of order-2 EPs appearing from the coalescence of two adjacent states. The non-Abelian characteristics are confirmed by encircling the EAs in opposite sequences. A total of five non-trivial permutations are experimentally realized, which together comprise a non-Abelian group. Our approach provides a reliable way of investigating non-Abelian state permutations and the related exotic winding effects in non-Hermitian systems.
Is calorie restriction beneficial for normal-weight individuals? A narrative review of the effects of weight loss in the presence and absence of obesity
Authors: Magkos Faidon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCalorie restriction regimens are popular for their purported health-promoting effects. However, it is unclear whether chronic reduction in energy intake and subsequent weight loss have beneficial effects in the absence of obesity. To this end, the results of studies that examined the effects of the same diet-induced weight loss in individuals with and without obesity were reviewed. The contribution of lean mass to the total amount of weight lost is greater in participants without obesity than in those with obesity, but the reductions in resting, nonresting, and total energy expenditure are of similar magnitude. Both in the presence as well as in the absence of obesity, weight loss decreases visceral adipose tissue and liver fat, increases insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle (insulin-mediated whole-body glucose disposal rate) and in adipose tissue (meal-induced or insulin-induced suppression of plasma free fatty acid concentration), and augments insulin clearance rate, without affecting pancreatic insulin secretion. These effects are of similar magnitude in participants with and without obesity and result in reductions in fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. These data suggest that the same degree of calorie restriction and the same amount of weight loss have multiple beneficial effects on health outcomes in individuals without obesity, similar to those observed in individuals with obesity.
Adverse Effects and Antibody Titers in Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Prospective Study of Healthcare Workers
Authors: Coggins Si’Ana A , Laing Eric D , Olsen Cara H , Goguet Emilie , Moser Matthew , Jackson-Thompson Belinda M , Samuels Emily C , Pollett Simon D , Tribble David R , Davies Julian , Illinik Luca , Hollis-Perry Monique , Maiolatesi Santina E , Duplessis Christopher A , Ramsey Kathleen F , Reyes Anatalio E , Alcorta Yolanda , Wong Mimi A , Wang Gregory , Ortega Orlando , Parmelee Edward , Lindrose Alyssa R , Snow Andrew L , Malloy Allison M W , Letizia Andrew G , Ewing Daniel , Powers John H , Schully Kevin L , Burgess Timothy H , Broder Christopher C , Mitre Edward 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The relationship between postvaccination symptoms and strength of antibody responses is unclear. The goal of this study was to determine whether adverse effects caused by vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine are associated with the magnitude of vaccine-induced antibody levels.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, observational cohort study consisting of generally healthy adult participants that were not severely immunocompromised, had no history of coronavirus disease 2019, and were seronegative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein before vaccination. Severity of vaccine-associated symptoms was obtained through participant-completed questionnaires. Testing for immunoglobulin G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor-binding domain was conducted using microsphere-based multiplex immunoassays performed on serum samples collected at monthly visits. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined by microneutralization assays.

Results
Two hundred six participants were evaluated (69.4% female, median age 41.5 years old). We found no correlation between vaccine-associated symptom severity scores and vaccine-induced antibody titers 1 month after vaccination. We also observed that (1) postvaccination symptoms were inversely correlated with age and weight and more common in women, (2) systemic symptoms were more frequent after the second vaccination, (3) high symptom scores after first vaccination were predictive of high symptom scores after second vaccination, and (4) older age was associated with lower titers.

Conclusions
Lack of postvaccination symptoms after receipt of the BNT162b2 vaccine does not equate to lack of vaccine-induced antibodies 1 month after vaccination.
Hours and Wages
Authors: Bick Alexander , Blandin Adam , Rogerson Richard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe document two robust features of the cross-sectional distribution of usual weekly hours and hourly wages. First, usual weekly hours are heavily concentrated around 40 hours, while at the same time a substantial share of total hours come from individuals who work more than 50 hours. Second, mean hourly wages are nonmonotonic across the usual hours distribution, with a peak at 50 hours. We develop and estimate a model of labor supply to account for these features. The novel feature of our model is that earnings are nonlinear in hours, with the extent of nonlinearity varying over the hours distribution. Our estimates imply significant wage penalties for people who deviate from 40 hours in either direction, leading to a large mass of people who work 40 hours and are not very responsive to shocks. This has important implications for the role of labor supply as a mechanism for self-insurance in a standard heterogeneous-agent incomplete-markets model and for empirical strategies designed to estimate labor supply parameters.
A scenario for the emergence of protoviroids in the RNA world and for their further evolution into viroids and viroid-like RNAs by modular recombinations and mutations
Authors: Flores Ricardo , Navarro Beatriz , Serra Pedro , Di Serio Francesco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Viroids are tiny, circular, and noncoding RNAs that are able to replicate and systemically infect plants. The smallest known pathogens, viroids have been proposed to represent survivors from the RNA world that likely preceded the cellular world currently dominating life on the earth. Although the small, circular, and compact nature of viroid genomes, some of which are also endowed with catalytic activity mediated by hammerhead ribozymes, support this proposal, the lack of feasible evolutionary routes and the identification of hammerhead ribozymes in a large number of DNA genomes of organisms along the tree of life have led some to question such a proposal. Here, we reassess the origin and subsequent evolution of viroids by complementing phylogenetic reconstructions with molecular data, including the primary and higher-order structure of the genomic RNAs, their replication, and recombination mechanisms and selected biological information. Features of some viroid-like RNAs found in plants, animals, and possibly fungi are also considered. The resulting evolutionary scenario supports the emergence of protoviroids in the RNA world, mainly as replicative modules, followed by a further increase in genome complexity based on module/domain shuffling and combination and mutation. Such a modular evolutionary scenario would have facilitated the inclusion in the protoviroid genomes of complex RNA structures (or coding sequences, as in the case of hepatitis delta virus and delta-like agents), likely needed for their adaptation from the RNA world to a life based on cells, thus generating the ancestors of current infectious viroids and viroid-like RNAs. Other noninfectious viroid-like RNAs, such as retroviroid-like RNA elements and retrozymes, could also be derived from protoviroids if their reverse transcription and integration into viral or eukaryotic DNA, respectively, are considered as a possible key step in their evolution. Comparison of evidence supporting a general and modular evolutionary model for viroids and viroid-like RNAs with that favoring alternative scenarios provides reasonable reasons to keep alive the hypothesis that these small RNA pathogens may be relics of a precellular world.
An Overdue Reckoning on Racism in Nursing
Authors: Canty Lucinda , Nyirati Christina , Taylor Valorie , Chinn Peggy L. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT:
In response to the killing of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, and with a sense of urgency, the authors created and conducted a unique approach—a reckoning—to confronting racism in nursing. The project began with a series of five online discussions centering on the voices of nurses of color, followed by further ongoing discussions aimed at building antiracist capabilities for all participating nurses. This article describes the implementation and early outcomes of the project and provides its underlying principles, which are based on insights from activists and scholars whose work has focused on antiracist guidelines.
Toilet Training in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome
Authors: Dreher Taylor , Wolter-Warmerdam Kristine , Holland Samantha , Katz Terry , Patel Lina 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objectives:
Although the challenges of toilet training for children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) are well-known, details such as specific associations with comorbidities and related exacerbating factors are lacking. This study aims to characterize the nature of toilet training in a cohort of children and adolescents with DS and evaluate characteristics and comorbid conditions that may contribute to or prolong toilet training success in those with DS.

Method:
This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study investigating toilet training in children and adolescents with DS. A survey was completed by 137 patients' parents or guardians as part of their care experience in the clinic.

Results:
Although toilet training on average began at age 3.40 years (SD = 1.47), children and adolescents with DS typically began telling caregivers they needed to use the toilet at 4.80 years (SD = 2.11), no longer used diapers during the day at 5.03 years (SD = 1.98) and night at 5.88 years (SD = 2.48), and were described by their caregivers as being fully toilet trained at 6.60 years (n = 28; SD = 2.43; range = 3.00–14.00 years). There was a linear trend in the age groups between 2 to 4 years (n = 37), 5 to 7 years (n = 42), 8 to 12 years (n = 39), and 13 to 17 years (n = 19) and the proportion of children and adolescents fully toilet trained (2 to 4 years = 0.040, 5 to 7 years = 0.211, 8 to 12 years = 0.278, and 13 to 17 years = 0.529). Typical readiness signs that children and adolescents with DS display and those most predictive of toileting success are reported. Placing the child on a schedule was the most successful (45.2%) training method identified by parents, with 55.8% of the families trying this approach. Children and adolescents aged 8 to 12 years with behavioral challenges were more likely (75.0%) to have daytime accidents compared with those without (25.9%), p = 0.006.

Conclusion:
Children and adolescents with DS in this sample started toilet training at 3.4 years and completed toilet training at 6.6 years. Even after completing toilet training, many children and adolescents continue to require support from their caregivers with some aspects of toilet training. Skill loss associated with various life events, behavioral challenges, medical diagnoses, and inconsistencies in toileting expectations across settings are factors caregivers believe contribute to delayed toilet training. Caregivers found that a consistent toileting schedule, using reinforcers, and providing prompting to use the toilet were the most successful methods.
The inhibitory effect of lotus leaf extract on hyperuricemia and its potential mechanism
Authors: An Yating , Hao Jia , Li Jian , He Wei , Wang Lei , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Lotus leaf is a traditional Chinese herb that has been used successfully for centuries for relieving edema by inducing diuresis. Based on its good clinical evidence and anti-hypertensive effectiveness, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of the hyperuricemic inhibitory effects of lotus leaf crude extract (LL) and lotus leaf total alkaloids fraction (LA).

Methods:
The xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory effect of LL and LA was analyzed in vitro by determining mRNA expression and protein expression levels of hepatic XOD. The hyperuricemic inhibitory effect of the lotus leaf was analyzed in vivo in a potassium oxonate (PO)-induced rat model by determining mRNA expression for renal urate transporters.

Results:
At a concentration of 40 μg/mL, LL and LA suppressed XOD enzymatic activity by 37.35% ± 9.50% and 47.73% ± 8.32%, respectively. Both LL and LA administration significantly reduced the concentration of uric acid in the serum and liver of PO-induced hyperuricemic rats. Both LL and LA administration could inhibit XOD mRNA and protein expression, activate renal organic anion transporter 1/3 mRNA expression, and inhibit renal urate reabsorption by decreasing renal GLUT9 and renal urate transporter 1.

Conclusions:
Insight was gained into the mechanism behind the hyperuricemic inhibitory effects of LL and LA. Our results suggest that they act on two targets: decreasing the production of uric acid by inhibiting mRNA and protein expression of XOD in the liver, and regulating the mRNA expression of renal urate transporters in the kidneys.
Carbon quantum dot preparation and application to detecting active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Liu Bo , Guo Shangxin , Fan Xiaohui , Gong Xingchu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have been applied to biology, medicine, and optoelectronics, owing to their significant advantages such as simple synthesis methods, low cost, and widely available sources of raw synthesis materials. This review summarizes CQD preparation methods, which include hydrothermal and microwave-assisted synthesis methods, as well as separation methods such as centrifugation, dialysis, and filtration. Additionally, we review the application of CQDs in the detection of active ingredients, primarily phenolic compounds, in traditional Chinese medicine. We also discuss the quenching mechanism of CQD fluorescence using the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Limitations such as insufficient test selectivity, weak fluorescence intensity, and an unclear quantitative relationship between preparation methods and properties should be resolved for the efficient use of CQDs to detect active ingredients in Chinese medicine.
Monitoring Antibiotic Consumption in Pediatrics. How Close to Reality Are Days of Therapy and Recommended Daily Dose Methods?
Authors: Baier Jan , Höpner Jens , Haase Roland , Diexer Sophie , Stareprawo Stephanie , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Moritz Stefan 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Hospitals are advised to monitor antibiotic use. Several approximation methods do exist to perform this task. Adult cohorts can easily be monitored using the defined daily dose method, or its German adaption recommended daily doses (RDD) method, that seems inapplicable in pediatric cohorts due to body weight variations. Guidelines recommend the days of therapy (DOT) method in pediatrics. Still, there is a need for more detailed analysis regarding the performance of both methods.

Methods:
Based on data from 4½ years of our fully computerized patient care data managing system in a combined neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit, we compare the results for DOT and RDD per 100 patient days with exact measurement of antibiotic consumption (individual daily dose per 100 patient days) as internal reference.

Results:
The DOT method reflected antibiotic consumption in our cohort on the level of total consumption, subgroups, and agents with almost always high accuracy (correlation with individual daily dose between 0.73 and 1.00). The RDD method showed poor correlation on the level of total consumption (r = 0.21) and fluctuating results on more detailed levels (correlation, 0.01–0.94). A detailed analysis of body weight distribution and ordered packaging sizes of single agents revealed that RDD seems to work well when only one package size of the agent was ordered in our pharmacy.

Conclusion:
The DOT method is superior to RDD for monitoring antibiotic drug consumption in pediatric cohorts. RDD seems to work satisfactory well for selected antibiotic agents that are administered with little variation in packaging size.
Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy for a big co-secretor neuroendocrine tumor in the head of the pancreas
Authors: Vasquez Victor , Alvarado Ramón , Quispe-de la Roca Kewin , Oliveros Leila , Giraldo Daniel , Villena Jaime 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are relatively small in diameter. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is performed when the average tumor size is 2.5 cm.

Patient concerns:
A 26-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room with a 2-day illness characterized by diffuse abdominal pain.

Diagnosis:
On auxiliary examinations, the patient presented with hypoglycemia and acromegalic somatic features. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 4.5-3.8 × 6.0 cm expansive lesion in the head of the pancreas. Postoperative pathology confirmed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor.

Interventions:
A laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed.

Outcomes:
During the immediate postoperative period, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit because of a refractory hypertensive crisis. However, the patient presented with favorable evolution and was discharged 17 days after surgery.

Conclusion:
The laparoscopic approach to neuroendocrine tumors in the pancreas requires a high degree of experience, which can vary depending on the size and stability of the patient. Furthermore, we must consider that successful laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy leads to lower transfusion and complication rates.
Comparing Postoperative Readmission Rates Between Veterans Receiving Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Veterans Health Administration Versus Community Care
Authors: Rosen Amy K. , Beilstein-Wedel Erin E. , Harris Alex H.S. , Shwartz Michael , Vanneman Megan E. , Wagner Todd H. , Giori Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
There are growing concerns that Veterans’ increased use of Veterans Health Administration (VA)-purchased care in the community may lead to lower quality of care.

Objective:
We compared rates of hospital readmissions following elective total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) that were either performed in VA or purchased by VA through community care (CC) at both the national and facility levels.

Methods:
Three-year cohort study using VA and CC administrative data from the VA’s Corporate Data Warehouse (October 1, 2016–September 30, 2019). We obtained Medicare data to capture readmissions that were paid by Medicare. We used the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) methods to identify unplanned, 30-day, all-cause readmissions. A secondary outcome, TKA-related readmissions, identified readmissions resulting from complications of the index surgery. We ran mixed-effects logistic regression models to compare the risk-adjusted odds of all-cause and TKA-related readmissions between TKAs performed in VA versus CC, adjusting for patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Principal Findings:
Nationally, the odds of experiencing an all-cause or TKA-related readmission were significantly lower for TKAs performed in VA versus CC (eg, the odds of experiencing an all-cause readmission in VA were 35% of those in CC. At the facility level, most VA facilities performed similarly to their corresponding CC providers, although there were 3 VA facilities that performed worse than their corresponding CC providers.

Conclusions:
Given VA’s history in providing high-quality surgical care to Veterans, it is important to closely monitor and track whether the shift to CC for surgical care will impact quality in both settings over time.