bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcrystalline growth of PLLA on carbon fiber grafted with nano-SiO
2
towards boosting interfacial bonding in bone scaffold
Authors: Feng Pei , Jia Jiye , Peng Shuping , Shuai Yang , Pan Hao , Bai Xinna , Shuai Cijun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The reinforcement effect of fiber-reinforced polymer composites is usually limited because of the poor interfacial interaction between fiber and polymer, though fiber reinforcement is regarded as an effective method to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer.

Methods

In this study, nano-SiO
2
particles grafted by 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) were introduced onto the surface of 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) modified carbon fiber (CF) by a self-assembly strategy to improve the interfacial bonding between CF and biopolymer poly (lactic acid) (PLLA).

Results

The results indicated that PLLA chains preferred to anchor at the surface of nano-SiO
2
particles and then formed high order crystalline structures. Subsequently, PLLA spherulites could epitaxially grow on the surface of functionalized CF, forming a transcrystalline structure at the CF/PLLA interface. Meanwhile, the nano-SiO
2
particles were fixed in the transcrystalline structure, which induced a stronger mechanical locking effect between CF and PLLA matrix. The results of tensile experiments indicated that the PLLA/CF-SiO
2
scaffold with a ratio of CF to SiO
2
of 9:3 possessed the optimal strength and modulus of 10.11 MPa and 1.18 GPa, respectively. In addition, in vitro tests including cell adhesion and fluorescence indicated that the scaffold had no toxicity and could provide a suitable microenvironment for the growth and proliferation of cell.

Conclusion

In short, the PLLA/CF-SiO
2
scaffold with good mechanical properties and cytocompatibility had great potential in the application of bone tissue engineering.
Emotions in simulation-based education: friends or foes of learning?
Authors: LeBlanc Vicki R. , Posner Glenn D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn simulation-based education, there is growing interest in the effects of emotions on learning from simulation sessions. The perception that emotions have an important impact on performance and learning is supported by the literature. Emotions are pervasive: at any given moment, individuals are in one emotional state or another. Emotions are also powerful: they guide ongoing cognitive processes in order to direct attention, memory and judgment towards addressing the stimulus that triggers the emotion. This occurs in a predictable way. The purpose of this paper is to present a narrative overview of the research on emotions, cognitive processes and learning, in order to inform the simulation community of the potential role of emotions during simulation-based education.
Quality of life of cardiac outpatients with and without psychiatric disorders: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alzahrani Ahmad , Alqahtani Abdullah , Saleh Abeer , Aloqalaa Maryam , Abdulmajeed Abdulaziz , Nadhrah Asrar , Alhazmi Nada 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The study aims to measure the quality of life (QOL) for cardiac outpatients with psychiatric disorders (CPP) in comparison to cardiac outpatients without psychiatric disorders (CPOP). A semi-structured interview was performed for consecutive cardiac outpatients. Psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI). The QOL was measured by the World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF).

Results
Out of the 343 enrolled patients, 93 (27.1%) patients were found to have psychiatric disorders. The WHO-BREF score of QOL was 4.25 ± 0.85. The CPP were found to have statistically significant lower scores in QOL than CPOP in all the WHOQOL-BREF domains. Particularly, the domain of psychological health showed the highest difference between the two groups (76.9 vs. 87.8, P < 0.001), whereas the environment domain showed the lowest difference between them (80.2 vs. 87.9, P < 0.001). Within each QOL domain, patients with congestive heart failure and psychiatric disorders showed the lowest QOL in both the physical domain (51.4 vs. 71.3, P < 0.02) and the social domain (64.7 vs. 81.9, P < 0.05), while patients with vulvular heart disease and psychiatric disorders showed the lowest QOL in the psychological domain (74.6 vs. 85.7, P < 0.001) and patients with arrhythmias and psychiatric disorders in the environment domain (80 vs. 86.2, P < 0.02).

Conclusions
The QOL of CPP were found to have poorer QOL than CPOP. The magnitude of difference in QOL was the highest in the psychological health domain and the lowest in the environment domain.
Metal-free SERS: Where we are now, where we are heading
Authors: Martinez Pancorbo Pablo , Zhang Huanhuan , Yu Xingxing , Xiao Ting-Hui , Goda Keisuke 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the recent years, the emergence of metal-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates has provided promising alternatives for reliable, high-sensitivity Raman spectroscopy due to their potential to realize highly tuneable, biocompatible, and reproducible Raman enhancement. In this perspective article, we discuss recent developments and anticipate new opportunities for metal-free SERS. Specifically, we review the theory of metal-free SERS, including electromagnetic enhancement and chemical enhancement, and introduce promising substrates developed recently, including MXenes, transition metal dichalcogenides, and carbon-based substrates. Moreover, we clarify challenges, provide potential solutions, and discuss unexploited applications. This perspective provides not only a broad and detailed view of metal-free SERS at the current stage, but also a roadmap for its future advancement.
Immune landscape of human placental villi using single-cell analysis
Authors: Toothaker Jessica M. , Olaloye Oluwabunmi , McCourt Blake T. , McCourt Collin C. , Silva Tatiana N. , Case Rebecca M. , Liu Peng , Yimlamai Dean , Tseng George , Konnikova Liza 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTMaintenance of a healthy pregnancy is reliant on a successful balance between the fetal and maternal immune systems. Although the maternal mechanisms responsible have been well studied, those used by the fetal immune system remain poorly understood. Using suspension mass cytometry and various imaging modalities, we report a complex immune system within the mid-gestation (17-23 weeks) human placental villi (PV). Consistent with recent reports in other fetal organs, T cells with memory phenotypes, although rare in abundance, were detected within the PV tissue and vasculature. Moreover, we determined that T cells isolated from PV samples may be more proliferative after T cell receptor stimulation than adult T cells at baseline. Collectively, we identified multiple subtypes of fetal immune cells within the PV and specifically highlight the enhanced proliferative capacity of fetal PV T cells.
The role of DNA methylation in genome-wide gene regulation during development
Authors: Cedar Howard , Sabag Ofra , Reizel Yitzhak 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Although it is well known that DNA methylation serves to repress gene expression, precisely how it functions during the process of development remains unclear. Here, we propose that the overall pattern of DNA methylation established in the early embryo serves as a sophisticated mechanism for maintaining a genome-wide network of gene regulatory elements in an inaccessible chromatin structure throughout the body. As development progresses, programmed demethylation in each cell type then provides the specificity for maintaining select elements in an open structure. This allows these regulatory elements to interact with a large range of transcription factors and thereby regulate the gene expression profiles that define cell identity.
Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 controls exosome secretion by counteracting V-ATPase-mediated endosome acidification
Authors: Choezom Dolma , Gross Julia Christina 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
During endosome maturation, neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2, encoded by SMPD3) is involved in budding of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) into late endosomes or multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Fusion of these with the plasma membrane results in secretion of exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Here, we report that nSMase2 activity controls sEV secretion through modulation of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity. Specifically, we show that nSMase2 inhibition induces V-ATPase complex assembly that drives MVB lumen acidification and consequently reduces sEV secretion. Conversely, we further demonstrate that stimulating nSMase2 activity with the inflammatory cytokine TNFα (also known as TNF) decreases acidification and increases sEV secretion. Thus, we find that nSMase2 activity affects MVB membrane lipid composition to counteract V-ATPase-mediated endosome acidification, thereby shifting MVB fate towards sEV secretion.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Responding to the signal and the noise: behavior of planktonic gastropod larvae in turbulence
Authors: DiBenedetto Michelle H. , Helfrich Karl R. , Pires Anthony , Anderson Erik J. , Mullineaux Lauren S. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Swimming organisms may actively adjust their behavior in response to the flow around them. Ocean flows are typically turbulent and are therefore characterized by chaotic velocity fluctuations. While some studies have observed planktonic larvae altering their behavior in response to turbulence, it is not always clear whether a plankter is responding to an individual turbulence fluctuation or to the time-averaged flow. To distinguish between these two paradigms, we conducted laboratory experiments with larvae in turbulence. We observed veliger larvae of the gastropod Crepidula fornicata in a jet-stirred turbulence tank while simultaneously measuring two components of the fluid and larval velocity. Larvae were studied at two different stages of development, early and late, and their behavior was analyzed in response to different characteristics of turbulence: acceleration, dissipation and vorticity. Our analysis considered the effects of both the time-averaged flow and the instantaneous flow, around the larvae. Overall, we found that both stages of larvae increased their upward swimming speeds in response to increasing turbulence. However, we found that the early-stage larvae tended to respond to the time-averaged flow, whereas the late-stage larvae tended to respond to the instantaneous flow around them. These observations indicate that larvae can integrate flow information over time and that their behavioral responses to turbulence can depend on both their present and past flow environments.
Diagnostic accuracy of three commercially available one step RT-PCR assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in resource limited settings
Authors: Sisay Abay , Abera Adugna , Dufera Boja , Endrias Tujuba , Tasew Geremew , Tesfaye Abraham , Hartnack Sonja , Beyene Dereje , Desta Adey Feleke 
Published: January 2022

Background
COVID-19 is an ongoing public health pandemic regardless of the countless efforts made by various actors. Quality diagnostic tests are important for early detection and control. Notably, several commercially available one step RT-PCR based assays have been recommended by the WHO. Yet, their analytic and diagnostic performances have not been well documented in resource-limited settings. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivities and specificities of three commercially available one step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays in Ethiopia in clinical setting.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June, 2021 on 279 respiratory swabs originating from community surveillance, contact cases and suspect cases. RNA was extracted using manual extraction method. Master-mix preparation, amplification and result interpretation was done as per the respective manufacturer. Agreements between RT-PCRs were analyzed using kappa values. Bayesian latent class models (BLCM) were fitted to obtain reliable estimates of diagnostic sensitivities, specificities of the three assays and prevalence in the absence of a true gold standard.

Results
Among the 279 respiratory samples, 50(18%), 59(21.2%), and 69(24.7%) were tested positive by TIB, Da An, and BGI assays, respectively. Moderate to substantial level of agreement was reported among the three assays with kappa value between 0 .55 and 0.72. Based on the BLCM relatively high specificities (95% CI) of 0.991(0.973–1.000), 0.961(0.930–0.991) and 0.916(0.875–0.952) and considerably lower sensitivities with 0.813(0.658–0.938), 0.836(0.712–0.940) and 0.810(0.687–0.920) for TIB MOLBIOL, Da An and BGI respectively were found.

Conclusions
While all the three RT-PCR assays displayed comparable sensitivities, the specificities of TIB MOLBIOL and Da An were considerably higher than BGI. These results help adjust the apparent prevalence determined by the three RT-PCRs and thus support public health decisions in resource limited settings and consider alternatives as per their prioritization matrix.
Mapping health behaviour related to Chagas diagnosis in a non-endemic country: Application of Andersen’s Behavioural Model
Authors: Iglesias-Rus Laura , Romay-Barja María , Boquete Teresa , Benito Agustín , Jordan Briggitte , Blasco-Hernández Teresa 
Published: January 2022

Background
Chagas disease has become a challenge for non-endemic countries since population mobility has increased in recent years and it has spread to these regions. In order to prevent vertical transmission and improve the prognosis of the disease, it is important to make an early diagnosis. And to develop strategies that improve access to diagnosis, it is important to know the factors that most influence the decision of the population to know their serological status. For this reason, this study uses Andersen’s Behavioural Model and its proposed strategies to explore the health behaviours of Bolivian population.

Methods
Twenty-three interviews, two focus groups, and two triangular groups were performed with Bolivian men and women, involving a total of 39 participants. In addition, four interviews were conducted with key informants in contact with Bolivian population to delve into possible strategies to improve the Chagas diagnosis.

Results
The most relevant facts for the decision to being diagnosed pointed out by participants were having relatives who were sick or deceased from Chagas disease or, for men, having their pregnant wife with a positive result. After living in Spain more than ten years, population at risk no longer feels identified with their former rural origin and the vector. Moreover, their knowledge and awareness about diagnosis and treatment still remains low, especially in younger people. Limitations on access to healthcare professionals and services were also mentioned, and proposed strategies focused on eliminating these barriers and educating the population in preventive behaviours.

Conclusions
Based on Andersen’s Behavioural Model, the results obtained regarding the factors that most influence the decision to carry out Chagas diagnosis provide information that could help to develop strategies to improve access to health services and modify health behaviours related to Chagas screening.
Dysregulation of the Basal Ganglia Indirect Pathway in Early SymptomaticQ175Huntington's Disease Mice
Authors: Callahan Joshua W. , Wokosin David L. , Bevan Mark D. 
Published: January 2022

The debilitating psychomotor symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD) are linked partly to degeneration of the basal ganglia indirect pathway. At early symptomatic stages, before major cell loss, indirect pathway neurons exhibit numerous cellular and synaptic changes in HD and its models. However, the impact of these alterations on circuit activity remains poorly understood. To address this gap, optogenetic- and reporter-guided electrophysiological interrogation was used in early symptomatic male and femaleQ175HD mice. D2 dopamine receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons (D2-SPNs) were hypoactive during synchronous cortical slow-wave activity, consistent with known reductions in dendritic excitability and cortical input strength. Downstream prototypic parvalbumin-expressing external globus pallidus (PV+GPe) neurons discharged at 2-3 times their normal rate, even during periods of D2-SPN inactivity, arguing that defective striatopallidal inhibition was not the only cause of their hyperactivity. Indeed, PV+GPe neurons also exhibited abnormally elevated autonomous firingex vivo. Optogenetic inhibition of PV+GPe neuronsin vivopartially and fully ameliorated the abnormal hypoactivity of postsynaptic subthalamic nucleus (STN) and putative PV–GPe neurons, respectively. In contrast to STN neurons whose autonomous firing is impaired in HD mice, putative PV–GPe neuron activity was unaffectedex vivo, implying that excessive inhibition was responsible for their hypoactivityin vivo. Together with previous studies, these data demonstrate that (1) indirect pathway nuclei are dysregulated inQ175mice through changes in presynaptic activity and/or intrinsic cellular and synaptic properties; and (2) prototypic PV+GPe neuron hyperactivity and excessive target inhibition are prominent features of early HD pathophysiology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe early symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD) are linked to degenerative changes in the action-suppressing indirect pathway of the basal ganglia. Consistent with this linkage, the intrinsic properties of cells in this pathway exhibit complex alterations in HD and its models. However, the impact of these changes on activity is poorly understood. Using electrophysiological and optogenetic approaches, we demonstrate that the indirect pathway is highly dysregulated in early symptomatic HD mice through changes in upstream activity and/or intrinsic properties. Furthermore, we reveal that hyperactivity of external globus pallidus neurons and excessive inhibition of their targets are key features of early HD pathophysiology. Together, these findings could help to inform the development and targeting of viral-based, gene therapeutic approaches for HD.
Semantische Schnittstelle für zentrale Entwurfswerkzeuge
Authors: Kunz Sascha , Drumm Oliver 
Published: January 2022

Im Gegensatz zu Web-Anwendungen, die für einen Zugriff über standardisierte Schnittstellen ausgelegt sind, fehlt zentralen Entwurfswerkzeugen oft genau dieser Zugriff. Meist dominieren hier proprietäre Schnittstellen mit eingeschränkter Funktionalität und Flexibilität. Die vorliegende empirische Arbeit befasst sich damit, wie Daten aus zentralen Entwurfswerkzeugen über semantische Schnittstellen ausgelesen werden können. Im Unterschied zu anderen Arbeiten, bei denen meist deskriptive Anfragesprachenauf Datenbasisebene untersucht wurden, ist der Zugriff auf die Beispielanwendung mit ihrer komplexen Datenstruktur hier nur auf einer höheren Abstraktionsebene mittels einer prozeduralen Programmierschnittstelle möglich. Zentral wurden zwei Integrationsarchitekturen für Semantic Web – die materialisierte und die virtuelle Integration – im Zusammenhang mit den Einschränkungen bezüglich der Zugriffsmöglichkeiten über eine Programmierschnittstelle analysiert. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass die materialisierte Integration gegenüber der virtuellen zu bevorzugen ist. Außerdem steigert sich der Mehrwerteiner Integration oft dadurch, dass andere Softwareanwendungen semantisch verknüpft sind und kombinierte Anfragen möglich werden. Schließlich wurde auch klar, dass für die automatische Erstellung einer Ontologie, mit deren Hilfe zusätzliches Wissen aus den Daten gewonnen werden kann, die Quelldatenstruktur bestimmte Voraussetzungen erfüllen muss.
Eclipse BaSyx – Industrie 4.0 einfach machen!
Authors: Kuhn Thomas , Antonio Pablo Oliveira , Schnicke Frank 
Published: January 2022

Wie können Sie Industrie 4.0 einfach umsetzen? Eclipse BaSyx, Das Open-Source-Betriebssystem für die Industrie 4.0, ist mittlerweile in der Anwendung. Um die Nutzer bei dem Einsatz zu unterstützen, stellen wir nicht nur die zentralen Komponenten derEclipse BaSyx Middleware als Docker-Container bereit, sondern haben auch verschiedene Anwendungen in Containern vorkonfiguriert.In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir erste Anwendungsszenarien, die mit Eclipse BaSyx umgesetzt wurden, und geben einen Überblick über die Systemarchitektur von Eclipse BaSyx sowie über die mittlerweile verfügbaren Komponenten. Ebenfallsbeschreiben wir, wie bestehende Geräte an die Eclipse BaSyx Middleware angebunden werden können.
Lernen von den Vorreitern?
Authors: Burgmann Nils , Burger Markus , Krüger Andreas , Arlinghaus Julia 
Published: January 2022

Industrie 4.0 ermöglicht neue digitale Geschäftsmodelle im industriellen Kontext. Während einzelne Unternehmen aus dem Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Subscription Business Models bereits implementiert haben, prüfen immer mehr Unternehmen eine Umstellung des eigenen Geschäftsmodells. Dabei stehen sie vor der Frage, inwiefern Erkenntnisse aus Referenzprojekten übertragbar sind. In diesem Artikel werden anhand von sechs Fallstudien drei Dimensionen von Subscription Business Models und damitverbundene Zusammenhänge bzgl. Voraussetzungen, Herausforderungen und Risiken sowie Kundenvorteile aufgezeigt.
Utility of dual-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for the diagnosis of multicentric breast cancer
Authors: Chyornaya A. V. , Ulyanova R.  Kh. , Krivorotko P.  V. , Artemyeva A. S. , Bagnenko S. S. , Zhiltsova E. K. , Novikov S. N. , Danilov V. V. , Krzhivitskiy P.  I. , Semiglazov V. F. 
Published: January 2022

Background. Breast cancer (BC) can be unifocal, multifocal, multicentric (MCBC) and bilateral according to number and localization of tumors. MCBC has different clinical and biological characteristics compared to unifocal BC, for example, a higher risk of lymph node involvement, a more aggressive natural history and a worse prognosis. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and detection of MCBC is one of the main tasks of imaging.Objective: to compare diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) and digital mammography (DM) in the diagnosis of MCBC.Materials and methods. The study included 438 women with suspected BC. The results of DM and CESM were compared with the results of a pathomorphological study performed after surgery or biopsy to assess the effectiveness of imaging modalities. DM was performed for all women using a Senographe DS (GE, USA) unit. CESM was performed after intravenous injection of non-ionic contrast agents using injector with breast compression in the craniocaudal and mediolateral projections. The study was performed for both glands regardless of the location of the suspicious lesion in order to timely diagnose clinically asymptomatic bilateral cancer. The final diagnosis was made based on the results of the pathomorphological examination. MCBC was diagnosed when two or more tumors at a distance of 3 cm or more from each other were detected. Visualization of additional grouped calcifications of malignant type occupying a small portion of breast tissue (more than 15 pieces per 1 sq. cm) was considered as another mammographic sign of MCBC.Results. According to the pathomorphological examination BC was diagnosed in 154 (35 %) women out of 438 examined patients. MCBC was identified in 25 (16 %) of 154 patients. CESM was more effective than DM in detecting MCBC with sensitivity of 88.0 % vs 48.0 % (p = 0.002), accuracy of 92.2 % vs 90.9 %, negative predictive value of 97.6 % vs 90.8 % (p = 0.02), respectively. But the specificity was significantly higher in DM than in CESM – 99.2 % vs 93.0 % (p = 0.009), respectively, and the positive predictive value did not differ significantly (p = 0.12).Conclusion. CESM is a more sensitive method for diagnosing MCBC compared to DM with sensitivity of 88.0 % vs 48.0 %. The high negative predictive value of CESM (97.6 %) confirms the fact that this modality is an effective method for planning surgery and radiation therapy.