bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of mental health staffing inputs on suicide‐related events
Authors: Feyman Yevgeniy , Figueroa Stuart M. , Yuan Yingzhe , Price Megan E. , Kabdiyeva Aigerim , Nebeker Jonathan R. , Ward Merry C. , Shafer Paul R. , Pizer Steven D. , Strombotne Kiersten L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effects of changes in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) mental health services staffing levels on suicide‐related events among a cohort of Veterans.Data SourcesData were obtained from the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse, the Department of Defense and Veterans Administration Infrastructure for Clinical Intelligence, the VHA survey of enrollees, and customized VHA databases tracking suicide‐related events. Geographic variables were obtained from the Area Health Resources Files and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.Study DesignWe used an instrumental variables (IV) design with a Heckman correction for non‐random partial observability of the use of mental health services. The principal predictor was a measure of provider staffing per 10,000 enrollees. The outcome was the probability of a suicide‐related event.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsData were obtained for a cohort of Veterans who recently separated from active service.Principal FindingsFrom 2014 to 2018, the per‐pay period probability of a suicide‐related event among our cohort was 0.05%. We found that a 1% increase in mental health staffing led to a 1.6 percentage point reduction in suicide‐related events. This was driven by the first tertile of staffing, suggesting diminishing returns to scale for mental health staffing.ConclusionsVHA facilities appear to be staffing‐constrained when providing mental health care. Targeted increases in mental health staffing would be likely to reduce suicidality.
The Value of Mandatory Certification: A Real Effects Perspective
Authors: JIANG XU , XIN BAOHUA , XIONG YAN 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTWe study the real effects of certification to demonstrate the value of mandatory certification over and above mandatory disclosure in enhancing investment efficiency. In our model, a firm's manager selects a project to maximize the firm's short‐term stock price, which is a function of her certification and disclosure decisions about the outcome of the project. Although the manager might be either forthcoming or strategic with regard to the disclosure of her private information, she can strategically choose whether to incur a cost or not to certify her disclosure, unless mandated. The manager always selects the first‐best project when both certification and disclosure are mandatory. However, when certification is voluntary, project selection is inefficient. In addition, mandating disclosure without mandating certification can lead to lower investment efficiency than mandating neither. In justifying why mandatory certification is beneficial for public firms, our results offer a note of caution regarding the contemplated regulatory moves for increased disclosures by public firms without corresponding certification requirements, for example, the recent SEC proposal requiring extensive climate‐related disclosure.
Characterization of neutral lipases revealed the tissue‐specific triacylglycerol hydrolytic activity in Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Hui , Yang Bao‐Jun , Wu Yong , Gao Hao‐Li , Lin Xu‐Min , Zou Jian‐Zheng , Liu Ze‐Wen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lipid metabolism plays an essential role in the development and reproduction of insects, and lipases are important enzymes in lipid metabolism. In Nilaparvata lugens, an important insect pest on rice, triacylglycerol hydrolytic activities were different among tissues, with high activity in integument, ovary, and fat body, but low activity in intestine. To figure out the tissue‐specific triacylglycerol hydrolytic activity, we identified 43 lipases in N. lugens. Of these 43 lipases, 23 belonged to neutral lipases, so this group was selected to perform further experiments on triacylglycerol hydrolysis. The complete motifs of catalytic triads, β9 loop, and lid motif, are required for the triacylglycerol hydrolytic activity in neutral lipases, which were found in some neutral lipases with high gene expression levels in integument and ovary, but not in intestine. The recombinant proteins of 3 neutral lipases with or without 3 complete motifs were obtained, and the activity determination confirmed the importance of 3 motifs. Silencing XM_022331066.1, which is highly expressed in ovary and with 3 complete motifs, significantly decreased the egg production and hatchability of N. lugens, partially through decline of the lipid metabolism. In summary, at least one‐third of important motifs were incomplete in all neutral lipases with high gene expression in intestine, which could partially explain why the lipase activity in intestine was much lower than that in other tissues. The low activity to hydrolyze triacylglycerol in N. lugens intestine might be associated with its food resource and nutrient components, and the ovary‐specific neutral lipases were important for N. lugens reproduction.
Australian older adults' views on using social media for reducing social isolation and loneliness in hearing impaired older adults: A community conversation
Authors: Jayakody Dona M. P. , Tan Ysraelle M. E. , Livings Isabelle , Costello Leesa , Flicker Leon , Almeida Osvaldo P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective(s)The objective of this study was to conduct a community conversation to identify the views of the community members when designing an online community using Facebook to support the psychosocial well‐being of hearing‐impaired older adults.MethodsA community conversation was held with 40 older adults aged more than 60 years. The participants were divided into groups of five and asked to discuss three open‐ended questions. The researchers facilitated the discussions.ResultsThe overwhelming response from this group was that they did not use Facebook or social media as a tool for social connection and did not see the benefits of social media applications. They preferred phone calls or in‐person events to maintain their social relationships.ConclusionsImplications for areas of future research and interventions that target loneliness in older adults are discussed.
Testing for Mycoplasma genitalium in pelvic inflammatory disease: A clinical audit
Authors: Beesley Victoria , Thng Caroline 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe records of women attending Gold Coast health hospital sites were retrospectively analysed to determine if women diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were being tested for Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Only 11.4% of 299 women were tested for MG despite 74.2% being tested for Chlamydia trichomonas (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). Only 9% of the women were treated with antibiotics which would treat macrolide‐sensitive MG infection. Increasing education and awareness of MG and utilising reflex macrolide testing for MG will help direct effective antibiotic therapy and prevent the long‐term sequalae of PID.
Socioeconomic background affects mortality in Danish children with severe chronic disease
Authors: Jensen Andreas , Greisen Gorm , Stensballe Lone Graff 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the association between socioeconomic factors and mortality in Danish children diagnosed with different types of severe chronic disease, including cancer.MethodsNational cohort study 1994–2020 including Danish children with chronic disease. Inclusion was based on diagnoses in The National Patient Register, socioeconomic information was obtained from Statistics Denmark and mortality was ascertained from the Cause of Death Register. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were based on Cox regression. The factors were combined in one common risk score and the association with disease‐specific mortality was analysed overall and by ethnicity status.ResultsOverall, non‐Danish ethnicity (HR = 1.96 (95% CI 1.69–2.28)) was associated with all‐cause mortality in 128 129 children (69 435 male and 58 694 female) with chronic disease. Median age at first diagnosis was 1.42 years (range 0–18 years). Low family income was associated with mortality regardless of ethnicity status, and young maternal age was also a notable risk factor across ethnicities. The socioeconomic association was more pronounced in children with cancer.ConclusionIn the high‐income setting of Denmark, ethnicity and differences in socioeconomic background were associated with child mortality even among children with severe chronic disease. The pattern was more pronounced in paediatric cancer patients.
Differential expression of checkpoint markers in the normoxic and hypoxic microenvironment of glioblastomas
Authors: Petterson Stine Asferg , Sørensen Mia Dahl , Burton Mark , Thomassen Mads , Kruse Torben A. , Michaelsen Signe Regner , Kristensen Bjarne Winther 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults with an overall survival of only 14.6 months. Hypoxia is known to play a role in tumor aggressiveness but the influence of hypoxia on the immune microenvironment is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of immune‐related proteins in normoxic and hypoxic tumor areas by digital spatial profiling. Tissue samples from 10 glioblastomas were stained with a panel of 40 antibodies conjugated to photo‐cleavable oligonucleotides. The free oligo‐tags from normoxic and hypoxic areas were hybridized to barcodes for digital counting. Differential expression patterns were validated by Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (GAP) data and an independent patient cohort. We found that CD44, Beta‐catenin and B7‐H3 were upregulated in hypoxia, whereas VISTA, CD56, KI‐67, CD68 and CD11c were downregulated. PD‐L1 and PD‐1 were not affected by hypoxia. Focusing on the checkpoint‐related markers CD44, B7‐H3 and VISTA, our findings for CD44 and VISTA could be confirmed with Ivy GAP RNA sequencing data. Immunohistochemical staining and digital quantification of CD44, B7‐H3 and VISTA in an independent cohort confirmed our findings for all three markers. Additional stainings revealed fewer T cells and high but equal amounts of tumor‐associated microglia and macrophages in both hypoxic and normoxic regions. In conclusion, we found that CD44 and B7‐H3 were upregulated in areas with hypoxia whereas VISTA was downregulated together with the presence of fewer T cells. This heterogeneous expression should be taken into consideration when developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Fanconi anemia caused by biallelic inactivation of BRCA2 can present with an atypical cancer phenotype in adulthood
Authors: Maxwell Kara N. , Patel Vishal , Nead Kevin T. , Merrill Shana , Clark Dana , Jiang Qinqin , Wubbenhorst Bradley , D'Andrea Kurt , Cohen Roger B. , Domchek Susan M. , Morrissette Jennifer J. D. , Greenberg Roger A. , Babushok Daria V. , Nathanson Katherine L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInherited biallelic pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA2 cause Fanconi Anemia complementation group D1 (FA‐D1), a severe pediatric bone marrow failure and high‐risk cancer syndrome. We identified biallelic BRCA2 PVs in a young adult with multiple basal cell carcinomas, adult‐onset colorectal cancer and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, without bone marrow failure. No PVs were identified in any other known cancer susceptibility gene, and there was no evidence of reversion mosaicism. The proband's deceased sister had a classic FA‐D1 presentation and was shown to carry the same biallelic BRCA2 PVs. A lymphoblastoid cell line derived from the proband demonstrated hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents, and bone marrow showed aberrant RAD51 staining. Family expansion demonstrated the presence of BRCA2 related cancers in heterozygous family members. Our data highlight the striking phenotypic differences which can be observed within FA‐D1 families and expands the clinical spectrum of FA‐D1 to include adult presentation with a constellation of solid tumors not previously thought of as characteristic of Fanconi Anemia. Early recognition of this syndrome in a family could prevent further morbidity and mortality by implementation of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer screening and treatment strategies for heterozygous family members.
Children's participation in international fora: The experiences and perspectives of children and adults
Authors: Templeton Michelle , Cuevas‐Parra Patricio , Lundy Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChildren and young people are increasingly participating in events organised by international organisations. In spite of a growing body of research on children's participation in decision‐making, little is known about their experiences and the perceptions of adults who attend. This article compares the experiences of 16 children and 12 adults who participated in high‐level global events. Three themes were identified, Representation, Capacity and Impact. Findings suggest that while children and adults identified similar opportunities and challenges for meaningful participation, children's perceptions of their engagement differed from adults' in that they were more likely to be positive about the value of their contribution.
Machine learning based on Optical Coherence Tomography images as a diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Xin , Jiao Bin , Liu Hui , Wang Yaqin , Hao Xiaoli , Zhu Yuan , Xu Bei , Xu Huizhuo , Zhang Sizhe , Jia Xiaoliang , Xu Qian , Liao Xinxin , Zhou Yafang , Jiang Hong , Wang Junling , Guo Jifeng , Yan Xinxiang , Tang Beisha , Zhao Rongchang , Shen Lu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsWe mainly evaluate retinal alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, investigate the associations between retinal changes with AD biomarkers, and explore an optimal machine learning (ML) model for AD diagnosis based on retinal thickness.MethodsA total of 159 AD patients and 299 healthy controls were enrolled. The retinal parameters of each participant were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Additionally, cognitive impairment severity, brain atrophy, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were measured in AD patients.ResultsAD patients demonstrated a significant decrease in the average, superior, and inferior quadrant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, macular retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses, as well as total macular volume (TMV) (all p < 0.05). Moreover, TMV was positively associated with Mini‐Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, IPL thickness was correlated negatively with the medial temporal lobe atrophy score, and the GCL thickness was positively correlated with CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and negatively associated with p‐tau level. Based on the significantly decreased OCT variables between both groups, the XGBoost algorithm exhibited the best diagnostic performance for AD, whose four references, including accuracy, area under the curve, f1 score, and recall, ranged from 0.69 to 0.74. Moreover, the macular retinal thickness exhibited an absolute superiority for AD diagnosis compared with other enrolled variables in all ML models.ConclusionWe identified the retinal alterations in AD patients and found that macular thickness and volume were associated with AD severity and biomarkers. Furthermore, we confirmed that OCT combined with ML could serve as a potential diagnostic tool for AD.
Sustainable corporate governance: A review of research on long‐term corporate ownership and sustainability
Authors: Kavadis Nikolaos , Thomsen Steen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueShort‐termism is increasingly seen as a problem for developing sustainable and responsible business. We posit that a long‐term ownership horizon is an enabling but not sufficient condition for sustainability and propose owner stewardship as an important contingency.Research Findings/InsightsWe review 161 articles on the relationship between corporate ownership and sustainability/CSR, published during 2017–2021 and not covered by previous reviews. We find (1) in most cases, a positive effect of institutional ownership on sustainability, particularly for long‐term institutional investors; (2) in most cases, a positive effect of state ownership, seen as long‐term‐oriented; and (3) mixed results regarding family ownership, also seen as long‐term‐oriented. We also observe considerable heterogeneity in how prior research defines and measures the key constructs of our review.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsLong‐term ownership appears to be an enabling but not sufficient condition for corporate sustainability, and stewardship at the ownership level may be an important missing link. Furthermore, the wide variety of terminology and measures in the literature poses a challenge for knowledge accumulation. Efforts towards convergence and standardization seem important.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsAn exclusive focus on short‐termism may be misleading. Business leaders and policymakers ought to consider other parameters, such as steward ownership.
Revisiting the growth rate hypothesis: Towards a holistic stoichiometric understanding of growth
Authors: Isanta‐Navarro Jana , Prater Clay , Peoples Logan M. , Loladze Irakli , Phan Tin , Jeyasingh Punidan D. , Church Matthew J. , Kuang Yang , Elser James J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe growth rate hypothesis (GRH) posits that variation in organismal stoichiometry (C:P and N:P ratios) is driven by growth‐dependent allocation of P to ribosomal RNA. The GRH has found broad but not uniform support in studies across diverse biota and habitats. We synthesise information on how and why the tripartite growth‐RNA‐P relationship predicted by the GRH may be uncoupled and outline paths for both theoretical and empirical work needed to broaden the working domain of the GRH. We found strong support for growth to RNA (r2 = 0.59) and RNA‐P to P (r2 = 0.63) relationships across taxa, but growth to P relationships were relatively weaker (r2 = 0.09). Together, the GRH was supported in ~50% of studies. Mechanisms behind GRH uncoupling were diverse but could generally be attributed to physiological (P accumulation in non‐RNA pools, inactive ribosomes, translation elongation rates and protein turnover rates), ecological (limitation by resources other than P), and evolutionary (adaptation to different nutrient supply regimes) causes. These factors should be accounted for in empirical tests of the GRH and formalised mathematically to facilitate a predictive understanding of growth.
How resistant are levodopa‐resistant axial symptoms? Response of freezing, posture, and voice to increasing levodopa intestinal infusion rates in Parkinson disease
Authors: Imbalzano Gabriele , Rinaldi Domiziana , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Contin Manuela , Amato Federica , Giannini Giulia , Sambati Luisa , Ledda Claudia , Romagnolo Alberto , Olmo Gabriella , Cortelli Pietro , Zibetti Maurizio , Lopiano Leonardo , Artusi Carlo Alberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeTreatment of freezing of gait (FoG) and other Parkinson disease (PD) axial symptoms is challenging. Systematic assessments of axial symptoms at progressively increasing levodopa doses are lacking. We sought to analyze the resistance to high levodopa doses of FoG, posture, speech, and altered gait features presenting in daily‐ON therapeutic condition.MethodsWe performed a pre‐/postinterventional study including patients treated with levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion (LCIG) with disabling FoG in daily‐ON condition. Patients were evaluated at their usual LCIG infusion rate (T1), and 1 h after 1.5× (T2) and 2× (T3) increase of the LCIG infusion rate by quantitative outcome measures. The number of FoG episodes (primary outcome), posture, speech, and gait features were objectively quantified during a standardized test by a blinded rater. Changes in motor symptoms, dyskinesia, and plasma levodopa concentrations were also analyzed.ResultsWe evaluated 16 patients with a mean age of 69 ± 9.4 years and treated with LCIG for a mean of 2.2 ± 2.1 years. FoG improved in 83.3% of patients by increasing the levodopa doses. The number of FoG episodes significantly decreased (mean = 2.3 at T1, 1.7 at T2, 1.2 at T3; p = 0.013). Posture and speech features did not show significant changes, whereas stride length (p = 0.049), turn duration (p = 0.001), and turn velocity (p = 0.024) significantly improved on doubling the levodopa infusion rate.ConclusionsIn a short‐term evaluation, the increase of LCIG dose can improve "dopa‐resistant" FoG and gait issues in most advanced PD patients with overall good control of motor symptoms in the absence of clinically significant dyskinesia.
Cutaneous schistosomiasis: epidemiological and clinical characteristics in returning travelers
Authors: Iriarte Christopher , Marks Dustin H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe clinical manifestations of parasitic diseases are well‐covered in the infectious disease literature; however, cutaneous manifestations often receive limited attention. There is a need to update existing knowledge and improve reporting of disease characteristics. Given continued increases in travel and transportation, more individuals are acquiring cutaneous infections while traveling abroad. Schistosomiasis is the second most important tropical disease among returning travelers and affects more than 200 million individuals worldwide. The literature classically describes three forms of skin disease in those infected with Schistosoma: the immediate pruritic eruption of cercarial dermatitis, the urticarial response of Katayama syndrome, and the granulomatous lesions of late cutaneous schistosomiasis. Over the last two decades, more atypical presentations have been described. Travelers returning from Africa, South America, and Asia are at highest risk given these are the continents in which the parasite is endemic. This review highlights the cutaneous manifestations of schistosomiasis, with a focus on international travelers with atypical presentations. Additionally, genital schistosomiasis will be reviewed given its significant morbidity. The aim of this review is to update the current body of literature. Dermatologists and other physicians evaluating the skin should be aware of the following principles regarding schistosomal infections: (i) the importance of an early skin biopsy in making the diagnosis; (ii) the necessity of adding schistosomiasis to the differential diagnosis for zosteriform lesions; (iii) the resemblance of chronic cutaneous schistosomiasis of the genitals to sexually transmitted infections; and (iv) the need to revise definitions for early and late infection, specifically for cutaneous disease.