bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Li Genpeng , Jiang Ke , Song Jinen , Du Runzi , Yang Hui , Gou Juxiang , Li Zhihui , Zhu Jingqiang , Lei Jianyong 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) frequently occur after thyroidectomy. Previous studies have investigated the effects of preoperative dexamethasone for alleviating PONV in various cancers, but studies focused on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were limited. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone to prevent PONV in patients with PTC.

METHODS:
This single-center, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on patients with PTC in West China Hospital. Patients were randomized 1:1 into Group Dex (preoperative 8-mg dexamethasone) or Group Control (0.9% NaCl as control). The primary outcome was the incidence and severity of PONV. The secondary outcomes included postoperative pain, vocal dysfunction, and adverse events.

RESULTS:
Six hundred participants were recruited and randomized. The total incidence of PONV was 33.3% (200 of 600 patients; 95% CI, 29.6–37.1). In the intention-to-treat analysis, PONV occurred in 81 of 300 patients (27.0%; 95% CI, 21.9–32.1) in Group Dex and in 119 of 300 patients (39.7%; 95% CI, 34.1–45.2) in Group Control (p = 0.001), and the absolute risk reduction was 12.7% (95% CI, 5.1–20.0). Patients in Group Dex reported fewer antiemetic requirements than those in Group Control (p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis indicated that dexamethasone administration (OR = 0.546; 95% CI, 0.383–0.777; p = 0.001) was associated with a reduced rate of PONV. Dexamethasone treatment also contributed to alleviating postoperative pain and improving subjective vocal dysfunction, with no increase in adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS:
A single dose of dexamethasone is effective and safe for preventing PONV in PTC patients.
Duganella dendranthematis sp. nov. and Massilia forsythiae sp. nov., isolated from flowers
Authors: Heo Jun , Won Miyoung , Lee Daseul , Han Byeong-Hak , Hong Seung-Beom , Kwon Soon-Wo 
Published: August 2022

Two aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, mesophilic, rod-shaped and catalase-positive bacterial strains designated AF9R3T and GN2-R2T were isolated from flowers collected in the Republic of Korea. Strain AF9R3T grew at 4–33 °C, pH 4.0–9.0 and with 0–1 % NaCl (w/v), and strain GN2-R2T grew at 10–33 °C, pH 4.0–9.0 and with 0–1 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains AF9R3T and GN2-R2T belonged to the genera

Duganella

and

Massilia

, respectively, showing high sequence similarity to

Duganella levis

CY42WT (99.4 %) and

Massilia putida

6 NM-7T (98.0 %), respectively. Both strains contained summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c) and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant quinone. Strain AF9R3T had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, and strain GN2-R2T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as the major polar lipids. Orthologous average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain AF9R3T to its closest relative

D. levis

CY42WT were 92.6 and 56.5 %, and those of strain GN2-R2T to its closest relative

M. putida

6 NM-7T were 81.4 and 24.8 %. Based on genotypic and phenotypic data, strains AF9R3T and GN2-R2T are considered to represent novel species of the genus

Duganella

and

Massilia

, respectively, for which the names Duganella dendranthematis sp. nov. (type strain AF9R3T=KACC 21258T=NBRC 114510T) and Massilia forsythiae sp. nov. (type strain GN2-R2T=KACC 21261T=NBRC 114511T) have been proposed.
CRISPR arrays as high-resolution markers to track microbial transmission during influenza infection
Authors: Zhang Lingdi , Rahman Jahan , Lashua Lauren , Gordon Aubree , Balmaseda Angel , Kuan Guillermina , Bonneau Richard , Ghedin Elodie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe microbial community present in the respiratory tract can be disrupted during influenza virus infection, leading to functional effects on the microbial ecology of the airways and potentially impacting transmission of bacterial pathogens. Determining the transmission of airway commensals, which can carry antibiotic resistance genes that could in turn be transferred to bacterial pathogens, is of public health interest. Metagenomic-type analyses of the microbiome provide the resolution necessary for microbial tracking and functional assessments in the airways.ResultsWe obtained 221 respiratory samples that were collected from 54 individuals at 4 to 5 time points across 10 households, with and without influenza infection, in Managua, Nicaragua. From these samples we generated metagenomic (whole genome shotgun sequencing) and metatranscriptomic (RNA sequencing) datasets to profile microbial taxonomy and gene orthologous groups. Overall, specific bacteria and phages were differentially abundant between influenza positive households and control (no influenza infection) households, with bacterial species like Moraxella catarrhalis and bacteriophages like Chivirus significantly enriched in the influenza positive households. Some of the bacterial taxa found to be differentially abundant were active at the RNA level with genes involved in bacterial physiology differentially enriched between influenza positive and influenza negative samples, primarily for Moraxella. We identified and quantified CRISPR arrays detected in the metagenomic sequence reads and used these as barcodes to track bacteria transmission within and across households. We detected a clear sharing of bacteria commensals and pathobionts, such as Rothia mulcilaginosa and Prevotella bacteria, within and between households, indicating community transmission of these microbes. Antibiotic resistance genes that mapped to Rothia and Prevotella were prevalent across our samples. Due to the relatively small number of households in our study we could not determine if there was a correlation between increased bacteria transmission and influenza infection.ConclusionThis study shows that microbial composition and ecological disruption during influenza infection were primarily associated with Moraxella in the households sampled. We demonstrated that CRISPR arrays can be used as high-resolution markers to study bacteria transmission between individuals. Although tracking of antibiotic resistance transmission would require higher resolution mapping of antibiotic resistance genes to specific bacterial genomes, we observed that individuals connected by shared bacteria had more similar antibiotic resistance gene profiles than non-connected individuals from the same households.
Adherence to a healthy lifestyle and brain structural imaging markers
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Shen Jie , Cai Xueli , Chen Hui , Zong Geng , Zhu Wanlin , Jing Jing , Liu Tao , Jin Aoming , Wang Yilong , Meng Xia , Yuan Changzheng , Wang Yongjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of adherence to a healthy lifestyle with a panel of brain structural markers in middle-aged and older adults.DesignCross-sectional and prospective study design.SettingPolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE) study in China and UK Biobank (UKB).Participants2,413 participants in PRECISE and 19,822 participants in UKB.ExposuresA healthy lifestyle score (0-5) was constructed based on five modifiable lifestyle factors: healthy diet, physically active, non-current-smoking, non-alcohol consumption (in PRECISE)/moderate alcohol consumption (in UKB), and healthy body weight.Main OutcomesValidated multimodal neuroimaging markers were derived from brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis of PRECISE, participants who adopted four or five low-risk lifestyle factors had larger total brain volume (TBV; β= 0.12, 95%CI: - 0.02, 0.26; p-trend = 0.048) and gray matter volume (GMV; β= 0.16, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.30; p-trend = 0.047), smaller white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV; β= -0.35, 95%CI: -0.50, -0.20; p-trend <0.001) and lower odds of lacune (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.48, 95%CI: 0.22, 1.08; p-trend = 0.03), compared to those with zero or one low-risk factors. Meanwhile, in the prospective analysis in UKB (with a median of 7.7 years’ follow-up), similar associations were observed between the number of low-risk lifestyle factors (4-5 vs 0-1) and TBV (β= 0.22, 95%CI: 0.16, 0.28; p-trend <0.001), GMV (β= 0.26, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.32; p-trend < 0.001), white matter volume (WMV; β= 0.08, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.15; p-trend = 0.001), hippocampus volume (β= 0.15, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.22; p-trend = <0.001), and WMHV burden (β= -0.23, 95%CI: -0.29, -0.17; p-trend < 0.001). Those with four or five low-risk lifestyle factors showed approximately 2.0-5.8 years of delay in aging of brain structure.ConclusionAdherence to a healthier lifestyle was associated with a lower degree of neurodegeneration-related brain structural markers in middle-aged and older adults.What is already known on this topicPrevious research has linked specific modifiable lifestyle factors to age-related cognitive decline in adults.Little is known about the potential role of an overall healthy lifestyle in brain structure.What this study addsIn the cross-sectional analysis of 2,413 participants in China and the prospective analysis of 19,822 participants in UK, participants who adopted 4-5 low-risk lifestyle factors had larger total brain volume and gray matter volume and lower white matter hyperintensity volume, compared to those with 0-1 factors.The association estimates were equivalent to approximately 2.0-5.8 years of delay in aging of brain structure.Adherence to a healthier lifestyle was associated with a lower degree of neurodegeneration-related brain structural markers in middle-aged and older adults.
Modelling vaccination and control strategies of outbreaks of monkeypox at gatherings
Authors: Yuan Pei , Tan Yi , Yang Liu , Aruffo Elena , Ogden Nicholas H. , Bélair Jacques , Arino Julien , Heffernan Jane , Watmough James , Carabin Hélène , Zhu Huaiping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMonkeypox cases keep soaring in non-endemic’s countries and areas in the last few months, leading to the WHO declaring a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The ongoing and coming festivals, parties and holidays gathering events are causing increased concerns about possible outbreaks.MethodsWe considered a hypothetical metropolitan city and modelled the transmission of monkeypox virus in humans in high-risk (HRG) and low-risk groups (LRG) using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model and incorporated gathering events. Model simulations assessed how the current vaccination strategy combined with other public health measures can contribute to mitigating or halting outbreaks from mass gathering events.ResultsThe risk of a monkeypox outbreak remains high on the occasion of mass gathering events in the absence of public health control measures. However, the outbreaks can be well controlled by cutting off transmission by isolating confirmed cases and inoculating their close contacts. Also, Post Exposure Prophylaxis is more effective for containment in the summer gatherings than a broad vaccination campaign in HRG, considering the time needed for developing the immune response and the availability of vaccine. The number of attendees and effective contacts during the gathering are the factors that need more attention by public health authorities to prevent a burgeoning outbreak. Moreover, restricting attendance through vaccination requirements can help secure mass gathering events.ConclusionGathering events can be made safe with some restrictions of either the number and density of attendees in the gathering, or vaccination requirements. The ring vaccination strategy inoculating close contacts of confirmed cases may not be enough to prevent potential outbreaks, however, mass gatherings can be rendered safe if that strategy is combined with public health measures, including rigorous contact tracing, testing, identifying and isolating cases. Compliance of the community and promotion of awareness are also indispensable to the containment.
BNT162b2 induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody functions against SARSCoV-2 diminish with age
Authors: Bates Timothy A. , Lu Pei , Kang Ye jin , Schoen Devin , Thornton Micah , McBride Savannah K. , Park Chanhee , Kim Daehwan , Messer William B. , Curlin Marcel E. , Tafesse Fikadu G. , Lu Lenette L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEach novel SARS-CoV-2 variant renews concerns about decreased vaccine efficacy caused by evasion of vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies. However, accumulating epidemiological data show that while vaccine prevention of infection varies, protection from severe disease and death remains high. Thus, immune responses beyond neutralization could contribute to vaccine efficacy. Polyclonal antibodies function through their Fab domains that neutralize virus directly, and Fc domains that induce non-neutralizing host responses via engagement of Fc receptors on immune cells. To understand how vaccine induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing activities synergize to promote protection, we leverage sera from 51 SARS-CoV-2 uninfected health-care workers after two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We show that BNT162b2 elicits antibodies that neutralize clinical isolates of wildtype and five variants of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron BA.2, and, critically, induce Fc effector functions. FcγRIIIa/CD16 activity is linked to neutralizing activity and associated with post-translational afucosylation and sialylation of vaccine specific antibodies. Further, neutralizing and non-neutralizing functions diminish with age, with limited polyfunctional breadth, magnitude and coordination observed in those ≥65 years old compared to <65. Thus, studying Fc functions in addition to Fab mediated neutralization provides greater insight into vaccine efficacy for vulnerable populations such as the elderly against SARS-CoV-2 and novel variants.
Paraoxonase 1 status is a major Janus-faced component of mild and moderate acute ischemic stroke and consequent disabilities
Authors: Brinholi Francis F. , Michelin Ana Paula , Matsumoto Andressa K. , Semeão Laura de O. , Almulla Abbas F. , Supasitthumrong Thitiporn , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit , Barbosa Decio S. , Maes Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to examine the associations between paraoxonase 1 (PON)1 status and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and consequent disabilities.MethodsThis study recruited 122 patients with AIS and 40 healthy controls and assessed the Q192R gene variants, arylesterase (AREase) and chloromethyl phenylacetate (CMPAase) activities, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in baseline conditions. AREase and CMPAase were measured 3 months later. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin score (mRS) were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months later.ResultsReduced CMPAase and increased AREase activities are significantly associated with AIS and mRS and NIHSS scores (baseline and 3 and 6 months later). The best predictor of AIS/disabilities was a decrease in the z-unit-based composite zCMPAase-zAREase score. Serum high density lipoprotein cholsterol (HDL) was significantly correlated with CMPAase, but not AREase, activity and a lowered zCMPAase+zHDL score was the second best predictor of AIS/disabilities. Regression analysis showed that 34.7% of the variance in baseline NIHSS was explained by zCMPAase-zAREase and zCMPAase+zHDL composites, HDL, and hypertension. Neural network analysis showed that stroke was differentiated from controls with an area under the ROC curve of 0.975 using both new composite scores, PON1 status, hypertension, dyslipidemia, previous stroke as body mass index. The PON1 Q192R genotype has many significant direct and mediated effects on AIS/disabilities, however, its overall effect was not significant.DiscussionPON1 status and the CMPAase-HDL complex play key roles in AIS and its disabilities at baseline and 3 and 6 months later.
D-cycloserine (DCS) is Not Susceptible to Self-administration, unlike S-ketamine Using an Intravenous Self-administration Model in Naive and Ketamine-habituated Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Javitt Daniel C. , Javitt Jonathan C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVEN-methyl D-aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) antagonist antidepressants have known potential for abuse liability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abuse liability of D-cycloserine (DCS), using a self-administration paradigm in which DCS was tested in its efficacy in substituting for ketamine in ketamine-dependent rats.METHODSA standard Intravenous self-administration study was conducted in Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats. model to study compounds’ abuse liability. Potential for self-administration was assessed in ketamine-habituated subjects. Subjects were trained to press a lever to obtain food, prior to connection of the lever to intravenous drug administration apparatus. DCS was provided for self-infusion by test subjects at doses of 1.5, 5.0, and 15mg/kg per lever press.RESULTSS-Ketamine was seen to substitute for ketamine and to result in self-administration at the same frequency. DCS was not seen to result in any self-administration at any of the test doses. The self-infusion behavior of DCS was the same as that of saline.CONCLUSIONC-cycloserine, an a mixed agonist/antagonist of the NMDAR glycine site, which has been shown to have antidepressant and anti-suicidal properties in clinical studies has no apparent potential for abuse liability in a standard rodent self-administration model.
Effects of metformin use in pregnant women on maternal and infant outcomes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Kezhang , Pan Rui , Wang Yu 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionMetformin has been considered for use in women who are overweight or obese and with pre-existing type 2 diabetes(T2DM) or gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Nevertheless, few studies have weighed the pros and cons of maternal metformin use on offspring and women’s perinatal health. We determined to ascertain whether the insulin sensitiser metformin improves fetal and maternal outcomes in Pregnant women with type 2 diabetes or with a BMI no less than 24 kg/m2Methods and analysisThe protocol was formulated according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Exhaustive literature searches of electronic bibliographic databases will be conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, Scopus, ClinicalTrial, OvidSP and ScienceDirect. We used a predefined data extraction table to perform data extraction, and publication bias measurement for each study will be accomplished through the Cochrane Collaboration Tool.The statistical analyses will be performed using RevMan (5.4.1; The Cochrane Collaboration) and STATA (17). Heterogeneity will be assessed using the Q and I2 test, with a value of I2 > 50% being considered substantial. The extent of publication bias will be investigated by visual assessment of a funnel plot and using Egger’s test, Begg’s test, and Harbord’s test if ten or more trials are pooled.Ethics and disseminationPatients’ consent and Ethical approval are not requisites. The complete analysis will be published in an international open-access journal and translational articles to disseminate the results to clinical internists.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022347084Strengths and limitations of this study▸This review will comprehensively assess published English-language studies without period or geographical restrictions.▸This system review plan strictly follows preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P)▸Included studies will be limited to RCTs, which have a high degree of internal consistency and are not representative of the real world.▸As is the case with most meta-analyses, there may be significant and unexplained heterogeneity in this study.
The C-terminus of the cargo receptor Erv14p affects COPII vesicle formation and cargo delivery
Authors: Lagunas-Gomez Daniel , Yañez-Dominguez Carolina , Zavala-Padilla Guadalupe , Barlowe Charles , Pantoja Omar 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the start site of the secretory pathway, where newly synthesized secreted and membrane proteins are packaged into COPII vesicles through direct interaction with the COPII coat or aided by specific cargo receptors. Little is known about how post-translational modification events regulate packaging of cargo into COPII vesicles. Erv14/Cornichon belongs to a conserved family of cargo receptors required for the selection and ER export of transmembrane proteins. In this work, we show the importance of a phosphorylation consensus site (Serine-134) at the C-terminus of Erv14. Mimicking phosphorylation of S134 (S134D) prevents the incorporation of Erv14 into COPII vesicles, delays cell growth, exacerbates growth of sec mutants, modifies ER structure, and affects localization of several plasma membrane transporters. In contrast, the dephosphorylated mimic (S134A) had less deleterious effects, but still modifies ER structure and slows cell growth. Our results suggest that a possible cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is important for the correct functioning of Erv14p.Summary statementErv14 C-terminus regulates COPII formation and cargo delivery
Secondary findings in a large Pakistani cohort tested with whole genome sequencing
Authors: Skrahin Aliaksandr , Cheema Huma Arshad , Hussain Maqbool , Rana Nuzhat Noureen , Rehman Khalil Ur , Kumar Raman , Oprea Gabriela , Ameziane Najim , Rolfs Arndt , Skrahina Volha 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies in the field of genomic secondary findings (SF) are diverse regarding participants’ characteristics; sequencing methods; versions of the ACMG SF gene list.Aim and methodsBased on whole genome sequencing (WGS) and version 3.1 of ACMG SF list (ACMG SF), we studied SF in 863 individuals from Pakistan: 62% males; 80% had consanguineous parents. In addition to the ACMG SF we have generated a list of gene-disease pairs that have a clear epidemiological and medically actionable value (non-ACMG SF) in Pakistan.ResultsThe total rate of SF was 4.6%, with rates of ACMG SF – 2.7% and non-AGMG SF – 1.9%. 75.0% of ACMG SF were related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD); cancer predisposition syndromes accounted for 16.7%. Among non-ACMG SF 18.8% belong to eye diseases, followed by neuromuscular – 12.5%, metabolic – 12.5%, and urinary system diseases – 12.5%; CVD accounted for 6.3%. We found high proportion of biallelic mutations among both ACMG (4.2%) and non-ACMG (50%) SF.ConclusionsThe frequency of ACMG SF is within the range reported in most studies. High proportion of CVD can be explained by inclusion of additional CVD in the ACMG v3.1 SF list. 1.9% of non-ACMG SF and high proportion of biallelic variants are relevant to epidemiology of Pakistan as a country with high rate of consanguineous marriages. In such countries the ACMG criteria for SF can be expanded, and our list of non-ACMG SF is one example. Our findings may help guide the development of standards of practice in genomic medicine and drive future research.