bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of host-directed modulators of virus infection by probing the SARS-CoV-2–host protein–protein interaction network
Authors: Ravindran Vandana , Wagoner Jessica , Athanasiadis Paschalis , Den Hartigh Andreas B , Sidorova Julia M , Ianevski Aleksandr , Fink Susan L , Frigessi Arnoldo , White Judith , Polyak Stephen J , Aittokallio Tero 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need to better understand virus–host interactions. We developed a network-based method that expands the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)–host protein interaction network and identifies host targets that modulate viral infection. To disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 interactome, we systematically probed for potent compounds that selectively target the identified host proteins with high expression in cells relevant to COVID-19. We experimentally tested seven chemical inhibitors of the identified host proteins for modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells that express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Inhibition of the epigenetic regulators bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), along with ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP10), enhanced SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such proviral effect was observed upon treatment with compounds JQ1, vorinostat, romidepsin and spautin-1, when measured by cytopathic effect and validated by viral RNA assays, suggesting that the host proteins HDAC2, BRD4 and USP10 have antiviral functions. We observed marked differences in antiviral effects across cell lines, which may have consequences for identification of selective modulators of viral infection or potential antiviral therapeutics. While network-based approaches enable systematic identification of host targets and selective compounds that may modulate the SARS-CoV-2 interactome, further developments are warranted to increase their accuracy and cell-context specificity.
Regulations on palliative sedation: an international survey across eight European countries
Authors: Garralda Eduardo , Busa Csilla , Pozsgai Éva , Osztromok-Lukacs Veronika , Csikós Agnes , Radbruch Lukas , Hasselaar Jeroen , Menten Johan , Payne Sheila , Adile Claudio , Hurducas Flavia , Centeno Carlos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Palliative sedation is a commonly accepted medical practice. This study aims to clarify how palliative sedation is regulated in various countries and whether this may impact its practice.

Methods
An online survey requesting regulations on palliative sedation was conducted in Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Romania and the UK. Purposive sampling strategy was used to identify clinicians from different medical fields and legal experts for each country. Regulations were analyzed using the principles of the European Association for Palliative Care Framework on palliative sedation. Country reports describing how palliative sedation is regulated were elaborated.

Results
One hundred and thirty-nine out of 223 (62%) participants identified 31 laws and other regulations affecting palliative sedation. In Spain, 12 regional laws recognize palliative sedation as a right of the patient at the end of life when there are refractory symptoms. In Italy, the law of informed consent and advance directives specifically recognizes the doctor can use deep sedation when there are refractory symptoms. There are also general medical laws that, while not explicitly referring to palliative sedation, regulate sedation-related principles: the obligation of doctors to honour advance directives, informed consent, the decision-making process and the obligation to document the whole process. In Germany, the Netherlands and the UK, palliative sedation is also regulated through professional guidelines that are binding as good practice with legal significance.

Conclusions
Palliative sedation is considered in the general law of medical practice, in laws regarding the patient’s autonomy, and through professional guidelines.
The effect of repeat length on Marcal1-dependent single-strand annealing in Drosophila
Authors: Dewey Evan B , Korda Holsclaw Julie , Saghaey Kiyarash , Wittmer Mackenzie E , Sekelsky Jeff 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Proper repair of DNA double-strand breaks is essential to the maintenance of genomic stability and avoidance of genetic disease. Organisms have many ways of repairing double-strand breaks, including the use of homologous sequences through homology-directed repair. While homology-directed repair is often error free, in single-strand annealing homologous repeats flanking a double-strand break are annealed to one another, leading to the deletion of one repeat and the intervening sequences. Studies in yeast have shown a relationship between the length of the repeat and single-strand annealing efficacy. We sought to determine the effects of homology length on single-strand annealing in Drosophila, as Drosophila uses a different annealing enzyme (Marcal1) than yeast. Using an in vivo single-strand annealing assay, we show that 50 base pairs are insufficient to promote single-strand annealing and that 500–2,000 base pairs are required for maximum efficiency. Loss of Marcal1 generally followed the same homology length trend as wild-type flies, with single-strand annealing frequencies reduced to about a third of wild-type frequencies regardless of homology length. Interestingly, we find a difference in single-strand annealing rates between 500-base pair homologies that align to the annealing target either nearer or further from the double-strand break, a phenomenon that may be explained by Marcal1 dynamics. This study gives insights into Marcal1 function and provides important information to guide the design of genome engineering strategies that use single-strand annealing to integrate linear DNA constructs into a chromosomal double-strand break.
TRANSforming Design Through Emotion: An Application to Support Brazilian Transgender Student Women
Authors: de Lima Gabriely , Lopes Lucas , Raulino Natã , Nunes Caio , Saboia Inga , Leite A J M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Brazilian transgender women face 82% high school dropout rate, which increases their vulnerability. To address this challenge, we developed a prototype application, AGNES, to improve transgender women’s experience of high school. A mixed methods approach, based on Garrett’s five plane approach, was used and included an analysis of nine YouTube videos by Brazilian transgender women discussing their educational experiences; an analysis of three current apps to support Brazilian transgender people; evaluation of a first prototype of AGNES by six transgender women; redesign of the prototype using an emotional design approach; and, finally, evaluation of the second prototype by two design specialists and two experts in the target audience. This resulted in a final design for AGNES, which was implemented as a high-fidelity prototype for further evaluation and deployment.
Silver Nanoparticles Application as a Colorimetric Probe for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Hyoscine Butylbromide in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Hasan Lazhin Ibrahim , Jabbar Hijran Sanaan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyoscine butylbromide is used as an antispasmodic in treating peptic ulcers, gastritis, and various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that are characterized by spasms. It has also found employment for the relief of spasmodic conditions of the bile duct and urinary tract and for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.ObjectiveIn this study, the application of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a colorimetric probe for the fast, selective, and simple determination of hyoscine butylbromide was described.MethodsThe proposed method was based on the Ag NPs aggregation induced by their interaction with the cited drug. This interaction produced a color change from yellow to colorless measured at 405 nm.ResultsThe method linear concentration range was 0.10–50.0 µg/mL with a correlation equation (y = 0.0132 x + 0.3174), correlation coefficient of 0.9981, and quantification limits of 0.091 µg/mL. A thorough investigation was done to validate the method’s analytical performance, and the findings were satisfactory. With great accuracy and precision, this approach was used to identify the medication in pharmaceutical tablet samples with recovery percentages ranging from 96.20 to 98.10%.ConclusionsSince there are no critical reaction conditions or solvent extraction involved in the described method, it is distinguished by its simplicity. The results were quite consistent with those attained using the approved standard method.HighlightsSimple, fast, and sensitive colorimetric probe developed for determination of hyoscine butylbromide in pharmaceutical formulations.
Evidence of Receptivity to Vibroacoustic Stimuli in the Spotted Lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Rohde Barukh B , Cooperband Miriam F , Canlas Isaiah , Mankin Richard W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is a polyphagous insect pest that invaded the United States in 2014, in Berks County, Pennsylvania. It has since spread to several northeastern states and poses a significant threat to northeastern grape production. Most studied species of Hemiptera are known to communicate intraspecifically using some form of substrate-borne vibrational signals, although such behavior has not yet been reported in L. delicatula. This report demonstrates that adult and fourth-instar L. delicatula were attracted towards broadcasts of 60-Hz vibroacoustic stimuli directed to a laboratory arena and test substrate, which suggests that both adults and fourth instar nymphs can perceive and respond to vibrational stimuli.
Surveillance ofAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) as a Method for Prevention of Arbovirus Transmission in Urban and Seaport Areas of the Southern Coast of Brazil
Authors: Acero-Sandoval Mario Arturo , Palacio-Cortés Angela Maria , Navarro-Silva Mario Antônio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEntomological surveillance is a traditional method to measure presence, distribution, and seasonal variation of vectors in urban areas, and is essential to targeted control activities to prevent arbovirus transmission. Ovitraps as one of the main components of surveillance programs, enable determination of female oviposition behavior, as well as identification of seasonal variations of the vector. The goals of this study were 1) to detect the mosquitos (Aedes aegypti Linnaeus) and (Aedes albopictus Skuse) (Diptera:Culicidae), in Paranaguá city, 2) to assess ovitrap positive index (OPI), egg density index (EDI), and their relationship with meteorological variables, and 3) to evaluate the vertical transmission of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The study was carried out in urban areas of Paranaguá city, an important port region of Brazil, from June 2017 to November 2018. The city was divided into 16 area-clusters. Three-hundred and thirty-one ovitraps were installed monthly, remaining for four days in selected places. Kernel density maps were done to compare the spatiotemporal distribution of collected eggs. Areas which maintained constant oviposition associated with vector activity were identified and were found to overlap the area-clusters with the highest EDI. As viral RNA was not detected, vertical transmission was likely not a maintenance mechanism of arbovirus circulation in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus vectors. This study reiterates the importance, efficiency, and feasibility of ovitraps to monitor the presence and dynamics of Aedes spp. populations.
Fall Decay Deceleration in Northern Latitudes: Merely a Matter of Cold?
Authors: Losier Chloé , Boudreau Denis R , LeBlanc Kathleen , Michaud Jean-Philippe , Moreau Gaétan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The decomposition of cadavers and large vertebrate carcasses is the result of complex processes primarily influenced by ambient temperatures. Thus, low temperatures can alter decomposition by curtailing tissue autolysis and bacterial decomposition, and by limiting insect activity contributing to necromass removal. In this study, we tested whether carcass decomposition rate is modulated not only directly by temperature and insect occurrence, but also indirectly by the mediation of interactions among insects by ambient temperature. To test this, a comparative analysis of the decomposition of domestic pig carcasses in summer and fall was conducted in Atlantic Canada. The results indicated that carcass decomposition standardized to account for seasonal differences was significantly decelerated in the fall as opposed to the summer during the later decomposition stages and was sometimes incomplete. Moreover, the arrival, presence, and departure of insects from carcasses during ecological succession differed between summer and fall. Necrodes surinamensis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Silphidae) and Creophilus maxillosus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) maintained higher abundances late during succession in the fall than in the summer and their abundance was related to a decline in decomposition rates, probably because these species feed on dipteran larvae promoting necromass removal. These results demonstrate the variability in response to environmental parameters of insects of forensic importance and support the idea that slowed decomposition in the fall may be exacerbated by changes in interspecific interactions among insects. Furthermore, these results suggest that successional studies of insects carried out in the summer have little forensic utility for cadavers found in cold weather conditions.
Pathological Appearance of a Case of Preclinical Multiple System Atrophy: A Comparison With Advanced Cases
Authors: Okada Keitaro , Hata Yukiko , Ichimata Shojiro , Yoshida Koji , Nishida Naoki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We aimed to investigate the frequency of multiple system atrophy (MSA) in a large number of forensic autopsies and characterize the pathological appearance of preclinical MSA. We investigated a series of 1930 brains from forensic autopsies. In addition to performing immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated α-synuclein, the levels of 3 autonomic nervous system markers (catecholaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic) were used to assess the peripheral nerve (heart and superior cervical ganglion) and medulla oblongata. The results were compared to those of healthy control and Parkinson disease (PD) cases. Four cases (0.21%) were identified as having MSA. Cases 1–3 were symptomatic, and Case 4 was incipient; that is, although no neuronal loss was evident, the cerebellar dentate nucleus exhibited marked grumose degeneration. Immunohistochemistry revealed a marked reduction in autonomic nervous system marker levels expressed in the medulla; this reduction was more prominent in the 3 symptomatic MSA cases than in the PD case. The opposite occurred for the peripheral nerve. Case 4 exhibited mild cholinergic nerve reduction. Two cases showed possible significant pathological changes in the heart. Grumose degeneration, few oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions without neuronal loss, and less reduction of autonomic nervous tissue were more prominent in the preclinical case than in symptomatic cases.
A first look at the SMACS0723 JWST ERO: spectroscopic redshifts, stellar masses, and star-formation histories
Authors: Carnall A C , Begley R , McLeod D J , Hamadouche M L , Donnan C T , McLure R J , Dunlop J S , Milvang-Jensen B , Bondestam C L , Cullen F , Jewell S M , Pollock C L 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a first-look analysis of the JWST ERO data in the SMACS J0723.3-7327 cluster field. We begin by reporting 10 new spectroscopic redshifts from λobs = 1.8–5.2 μm NIRSpec medium-resolution (R = λ/Δλ = 1000) data. These are determined via multiple high-SNR emission line detections with five objects at 1 &lt; z &lt; 3 displaying multiple rest-frame near-infrared Hydrogen Paschen lines, and five objects at 5 &lt; z &lt; 9 displaying rest-frame optical Oxygen and Hydrogen Balmer lines. For the five higher-redshift galaxies we extract fluxes in six NIRCam bands spanning λobs = 0.8–5 μm and perform spectral energy distribution fitting in combination with existing HST photometry. The 7 &lt; z &lt; 9 objects exhibit a U-shaped pattern across the F277W, F356W, and F444W bands, indicating a Balmer break seen in emission (Balmer jump) and high-equivalent-width [O iii] emission. This indicates an extremely young stellar population with the bulk of the current mass having formed within the past 10 Myr. We report robust stellar masses and mean stellar ages from our spectral fitting with the four z &gt; 6 galaxies exhibiting low-stellar masses from log10 (M*/M⊙) = 7.1–8.2, and correspondingly young mean stellar ages of only a few Myr. This work highlights the critical importance of combining large upcoming NIRCam surveys with NIRSpec follow-up to measure the spectroscopic redshifts necessary to robustly constrain physical parameters.
Saguinus mystax(Primates: Callitrichidae)
Authors: Heymann Eckhard W 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSaguinus mystax (Spix, 1823), a callitrichid (tamarin and marmoset family) commonly called the mustached tamarin, is 1 of 12 species in the genus Saguinus. In this large callitrichid (450–650 g), females are slightly heavier than males. It occurs in Brazil and Peru, south of Rio Amazonas from Río Ucayali in the west to Rio Purus in the east, in primary and secondary tierra firma rainforests. The diet consists of fruit pulp, insects, gums, nectar, and small vertebrates. It lives in groups of 3–10 individuals with a male-biased adult sex ratio and has a cooperative breeding system. In areas of sympatry, S. mystax forms mixed-species groups with saddle-back tamarins, Leontocebus. Although captured for the pet trade and sporadically hunted, it is considered “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Dispersal patterns of the endangered Crested Ibis suggest high breeding densities drive natal dispersal
Authors: Ye Yuanxing , Santoro Simone , Song Zitan , Hu Canshi , Zhang Zhi , Qing Baoping , Wang Chao , Ding Changqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough dispersal is a key driver of population dynamics and species distributions, we still know little about how it affects the dynamics of endangered and restricted-range species. Density-dependent effects on dispersal in particular may be critical for the range expansion of recovering populations. After 1981, when the last 7 wild individuals of Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) were discovered in China, the species remained confined to a single location (“original nesting area”) until 2000 (&lt;24 breeding pairs). Then, the breeding population began a significant spatial and numerical expansion toward new breeding sites (“secondary nesting areas”). Our analyses of long-term (1993–2017) individual resighting data (n = 193) found that natal dispersal was common (~77.2%), whereas breeding dispersal was rare (~2.1%). Breeding density was negatively related to productivity, and natal dispersal was more likely toward low-density areas. The Weibull distribution provided the best fit to the observed dispersal distances, indicating the presence of long-distance natal dispersers. Although we cannot rule out the effect of dispersal mechanisms inherent in the species regardless of density, our findings suggest that the probability of natal dispersal is density-dependent, implying a role for intraspecific competition in the Crested Ibis spreading in the region. We expect the Crested Ibis to spread throughout the region if conservation programs can identify and protect potential reintroduction areas at a large spatial scale to allow dispersing Crested Ibis to settle into new and low-density breeding areas.
Dried-Atella as an affordable supplementary feed resource for a better sheep production: in the case of Washera lambs in Ethiopia
Authors: Shiferaw Fana , Asmare Bimrew , Melekot Musie H , Pellikaan Wilbert F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ethiopia has a huge livestock population that includes sheep, which can be considered as a significant potential for the advancement of the country’s economy. However, due to a shortage of appropriate supplementary feed and its escalating price, the production and productivity of sheep fattening in Ethiopian smallholder farmers are below its potential. Moreover, the use of Dried-Atella as an affordable supplementary feed resource for a better sheep production is not investigated and well documented. The aim of this study was to assess the comparative supplementation effects of Dried-Atella and Niger seed cakes (NSCs) on total dry matter and nutrient intake, body weight change, and carcass characteristics of Washera lambs. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three treatments replicated five times. The treatments are described as follows: Treatment 1 = Natural pasture hay (NPH) (800 g/d) + Wheat bran (WB) (160 g/d) + salt and water (ad libitum); Treatment 2 = NPH (800 g/d) + WB (160 g/d) + NSC (163 g/d) + salt and water (ad libitum); and Treatment 3 = NPH (800 g/d) + WB (160 g/d) + Dried-Atella (330 g/d) + salt and water (ad libitum). The finding elucidated that the crude protein (CP) content of Dried Atella, WB, NPH, and NSC were about 25.07%, 16.57%, 4.48%, and 38.04%, respectively. The result also indicated that the average mean value of the feed and CP intake of the sheep fed Dried-Atella was significantly higher than the other treatments (P-value = 0.000). With regard to the CP digestibility and dry matter digestibility, animals supplemented with Dried-Atella were significantly higher than the control group with P-value = 0.000 and P-value = 0.028, respectively. The body weight gain of the sheep is significantly higher (P-value = 0.008) for feeds supplemented with Dried-Atella than feeds without any supplement. In terms of economic profitability, a slightly better benefit was recorded in feed supplements with Dried-Atella than supplements with NSC, animal feed without any supplement exhibited loss. Considering its effect on feed intake, CP intake, and its digestibility, body weight gain, and carcass characteristics of lambs, Dried-Atella is a promising affordable supplementary feed resource for better sheep production in Ethiopia.