bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOW MEDICAL OBJECTS, MEAL PREP ASSISTANCE, AND RELATIONAL CULTURE IMPACT THE MEANING OF “HOME” FOR HOME CARE CLIENTS
Authors: Spring Lauren , Mason Stephanie , Kuryk Kaitlyn , Keefe Janice , O’Neil Kelly 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Home care policies, programming, and services in Canada are designed to support older adult clients to age well in their homes and communities. Because the medical model dominates programming and policy decisions about home care services, the delivery of home care services is rarely viewed as relational and intra-active, in which interdependent relationships and interactions occur between clients and care workers. This paper applies a relational lens that incorporates a symbolic interactionist perspective to analyze qualitative data from a series of three interviews over an 18-month period (2019-2021) with 12 older adult home care clients and 10 of their paid caregivers. The overall study explored care pathways for older adult home care clients who received publicly-funded home care services in Manitoba and Nova Scotia. Our analysis revealed that this exchange of affect notably materialized through meal preparation and medical devices in the client’s home. The inter-/intra-actions between clients and care workers inscribed food-related practices and medical objects with symbolic values/meanings of home that were often unique and surprising. Better awareness of the relational cultures of meal preparation and medical devices to meanings of home and how these meanings for clients are sometimes in tension with those held by caregivers, can benefit clients and enrich home care policies and service delivery
IMPACT OF ALTERED ROUTINES ON SOCIAL AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Finlay Jessica , Kobayashi Lindsay , Milan Rebecca , Sagehorn Mallory , Bowman Grace , Perera Rohini 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the daily lives of older adults, necessitating adaptations in social, creative, and exercise routines while highlighting the importance of shared ‘third places’ (sites outside of home and work/school) as vital community support. This mixed methods study delves into the nuanced relationship between lifestyle shifts and mental health outcomes among older Americans. The COVID-19 Coping Study’s national three-year follow-up survey was conducted April-May 2023 among 1,915 participants aged 59 years and above. The Beck Anxiety Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and UCLA Loneliness Scale assessed anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Reflexive thematic analysis of open-ended participant responses investigated underlying motivations and experiences driving lifestyle changes. Participants, predominantly Non-Hispanic White (93%), female (71%), and college-educated (86%), reported significant modifications to their routines influenced by viral exposure concerns, personal health considerations, and broader societal challenges since the pandemic onset. Changes in social routines were most prevalent (52%) and significantly correlated with increased experiences of anxiety (β=0.30, p=0.02), depression (β=0.33, p&lt; 0.01), and loneliness (β=0.30, p&lt; 0.01). Once vital hubs for social interaction and civic engagement, our qualitative findings identified that fear of infection and societal tensions led many to withdraw from shared community and civic ‘third places’. As older Americans navigate the ongoing challenges of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, understanding the complex interplay between altered lifestyle routines and community support is paramount. Results may inform interventions to develop more inclusive and accessible interventions that foster resilience and wellbeing in later life.
IS AGING IN THEIR CURRENT DWELLING THE BEST OPTION FOR OLDER ADULTS?
Authors: Cho Joonyoung , Dunkle Ruth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although the majority of older adults in the United States stay in their current residence, there has been an increase in the number of housing transitions among older adults since 2000. While aging in their current dwelling is the preferred option for most older adults, according to the Ecological Theory of Aging, the Person-Environment fit changes over time, and relocation is one strategy older adults may use to promote better psychological well-being. The association between housing transition and psychological well-being has yet to be fully explored and the effects of housing transition on psychological well-being may vary across different settings and individuals. Using data from the National Health and Aging Trend Study (2011-2015 n=3,549), we applied multilevel growth modeling to examine the association between housing transition and psychological well-being across different settings including within the community, non-nursing residential facilities, and nursing homes over 5 waves. We found that within-community movers tended to report higher well-being over time compared to non-movers (adj. β= 0.32, p=0.021). In contrast, compared to non-movers, non-nursing facility movers and nursing home movers were no different in terms of changes in psychological well-being over time. (adj. β= 0.23, p=0.348; adj. β= 0.41, p=0.394). Our findings suggest that within-community housing transition can be viewed as one way to achieve aging in the right place.
THE SOCIAL ROLES AND ITS RELATED FACTORS OF COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Segawa Dai , Uchida Hayato , Suganuma Ippei , Itotani Keisuke , Kitayama Atsushi , Watanabe Yuki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study focused on the social roles of community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and aimed to clarify their actual conditions and related factors. We compared the two groups of the values of four social roles of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence and various survey items in 127 elderly subjects aged 65 years or older. The group who talked to young people tended to eat alone more (p = 0.00), to be more depressed (p = 0.00), and had lower food intake diversity scores (p = 0.04) than the group who didn’t talk to young people. No significant associations were found between the three other social roles and the values of the various survey items. The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that the no-involvement group was significantly associated with eating alone (OR=4.28, 95%CI=1.69-10.83, p=0.00) and depression-prone individuals (OR=3.73, 95%CI=1.02-6.96, p=0.01). Tanaka et al. (2016) reported that even at the level of intergenerational interaction of “talking to younger people” in daily life, the “with opportunity” group had a 1.2 to 1.5 times lower risk of future anxiety than the “without opportunity” group. In the present study, the results support the previous studies, although the interaction was at the level of “talking to younger people. It suggested that ensuring opportunities for intergenerational exchange is important to maintain the physical and mental health of the elderly during the pandemic.
UNDERSTANDING THE HOME-BASED SERVICE NEEDS FOR OLDER ADULTS: A SCOPING REVIEW FROM CHINA
Authors: Zhang Hengyuan , Zhang Sifeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The range of home-based services for older adults in China haven’t been clearly defined, which adversely affects their effectiveness in enhancing well-being. It is crucial to develop a better understanding of the home-based service needs of older adults. This paper employs a scoping review methodology to explore the service needs of older adults aging in place. We searched empirical research articles from four Chinese databases, including CNKI, CQUVIP, CSDP and ChaoXing. A framework based on pecking order preference theory and demand spillover theory was established to categorize and analyze the literature findings. The final analysis includes 134 studies selected from a pool of 6,565 articles. By encoding the results of the articles, home-based services for older adults were categorized into four domains: medical and health services, family replacement services, disability care services, and individual auxiliary services. Among these, medical and health services emerge as the most urgently needed category for older adults. Family replacement services follow closely, as their benefits extend to family members. While the need for disability care services remains relatively low, they exhibit high rigidity. Individual auxiliary services, although least needed, consume significant public resources. We advocate for targeted public policies that allocate resources effectively, enhance older adults’ health, and provide care services for those with disabilities in daily living activities.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIET AND RETINAL IMAGING MARKER IN THE PREVENT DEMENTIA STUDY
Authors: Gregory Sarah , Gibbon Samuel , MacGillivray Thomas , Terrera Graciela Muniz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Eating a healthy diet is associated with a lower risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Identifying associations between diet and AD biomarkers is key to understanding and identifying critical periods for interventions. The retina provides a unique, non-invasive, window into brain health. This study explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between diet and retinal imaging markers in the PREVENT Dementia cohort (UK/Ireland). We calculated a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence score (Pyramid) for each participant and tested for associations with measures of retinal vessel morphology (CRAE Hubbard Zone C (HZC) and artery tortuosity) using generalised additive models due to abnormally distributed residuals. Additionally, we tested for associations with dietary intake of manganese. All analyses were completed cross-sectionally and then longitudinally in the participants with follow-up data (data collection ongoing). In a preliminary study, we included 86 participants, mean age 50.87 (5.63) years, majority female (57%), with 31 APOEe4 carriers (36%). Participants had a moderate mean Pyramid score (8.16 (SD = 1.40)), which was comparable to scores in other UK cohorts, and a dietary intake of 4.77 mg (SD = 3.05) manganese. There was evidence of an association between higher dietary manganese intake and lower CRAE HZC density in the right eye. There was no evidence of associations between the Pyramid score in either eye or dietary manganese in the left eye, and no signs of longitudinal associations (n=47). Further research is needed to explore any these analyses in a larger sample, and expand with other variables.
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AMONG INDIGENOUS WOMEN
Authors: Roh Soonhee , Lee Yeon-Shim , Moon Heehyul , Warne Donald K , Thin-Elk Serene , Stone Sasheen T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The current study aimed to examine 1) differences between cognitively impaired and cognitively intact groups regarding demographics, education, health literacy, social and community involvement (i.e., social engagement and religious activity/participation), and health (i.e., chronic conditions), 2) the amount to Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) knowledge among the cognitively impaired group, and 3) predictors of cognitive impairment. We considered three dimensions of social determinants of health (SDOH) to predict cognitive impairment: education and health literacy, social and community involvement, and health (i.e., depression and chronic conditions). Collaborating with a Northern Plains tribe, participants were recruited 123 self-identified Indigenous women aged 40 to 70 through a comprehensive recruitment strategy. Employing the SDOH framework, the research assessed cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease knowledge, utilizing the Ascertain Dementia 8 and AD knowledge scales (ADK-30). The investigation examined the relationships between selected SDOH variables and cognitive impairment status. More than half of the participants showed signs of cognitive impairment, which correlated with lower income and education levels. Increased knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease, particularly in terms of treatment management and its life impact subscales, was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment. Conversely, higher levels of depressive symptoms and participation in religious activities were linked to increased odds of cognitive impairment. Findings underscore the importance of culturally grounded tools and SDOH frameworks tailored to Indigenous contexts in addressing ADRD disparities. Future research should integrate historical and cultural factors to advance health equity within Indigenous communities, ultimately mitigating the impact of ADRD and promoting overall well-being.
DEPRESSION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER MEXICAN DESCENT LATINOS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Talavera-Garza Liza 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Mexican descent Latinos have significantly higher rates of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) compared to the general population. Latinos also report higher rates of depressive symptoms in older adulthood relative to non-Latino Whites. Depression in older age is associated with poor cognitive health; however, the mechanisms that underlie this relationship are not well-understood. The current study examined social engagement, which has been linked with better cognitive health, as a mediator of the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive function among older Mexican descent Latinos. Method: A convenience sample of Mexican descent Latinos (N=159), aged 55 to 88 years (M=68.2, SD=7.05) and without diagnosed cognitive problems, were recruited from a community in South Texas. They were administered in-person interviews, in their choice of English or Spanish in Summer 2023 that included demographic questions and measures of cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and social engagement.

Results
Pearson correlations found that depressive symptoms were significantly negatively associated with social engagement (r = -.25, p &lt;.002) and cognitive function (r = -.39, p &lt;.001). Hierarchical Bayesian simulations indicated strong indirect effects of depressive symptoms on cognitive function through social engagement (unstandardized 95% CI = -.2408, -.0119, p&lt;.0001).

Conclusion
The current findings suggest that cognitive decline in individuals with depressive symptoms may occur because of reduced participation in social activities. Community-based approaches, with a focus on increasing social engagement in individuals who exhibit symptoms of depression, may be viable interventions that could be leveraged to reduce the burden of ADRD in Latinos.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN HOME HEALTH AMONG TRADITIONAL MEDICARE AND MEDICARE ADVANTAGE BENEFICIARIES WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Basu Rashmita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines the difference in functional outcomes among Traditional Medicare (TM) and Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) during a home health admission, which is unknown. This cohort study used data from the 2019 Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) and Medicare claims (Home Health (HH) and inpatient), enrollment, and Chronic Condition Warehouse (CCW) files from the CMS. Functional outcome was measured as a change in the composite ADL score (grooming, bathing, toileting, dressing, walking, transferring, ambulation, and hygiene) from HH admission to discharge. A binary logistic model with an outcome variable (1/0: if the composite score was ≤0 (improvement or static) at discharge (1), and 0 if score &gt;0 (decline) from HH admission to discharge) was estimated. The independent predictor was a binary indicator of MA enrollment (if enrolled ≥1 month in 2019). The ADRD cohort was identified based on CCW criteria and ICD-10 codes from inpatient and HH claims. The analysis included 81,735 Medicare beneficiaries; 30.5% had MA, and 69.5% had TM. There was no difference in the number of HH visits between TM and MA enrollees (2.14 vs. 2.13; P=0.39). Adjusting for patients’ demographics, total number of diagnoses, and availability of caregiving support, MA enrollees were 26% less likely to report improvement or maintenance of ADL composite score (95% CI: 0.71-0.77) than TM. A less favorable outcome for MA enrollees highlights the importance of addressing the inefficient use of home health services among people with ADRD in MA.
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER ADOPTION OF COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT AND CARE PLAN SERVICES FOR PATIENTS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Mulcahy John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 2017 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services introduced a new billable code for Cognitive Assessment and Care Plan (CACP) Services to encourage healthcare providers to take a more active role in identifying their patients who are living with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), and to work with these patients and their care partners to develop a comprehensive long-term care plan. This CACP service has seen very low adoption with 0.5% of Medicare beneficiaries with an ADRD diagnosis having received CACP in 2017 and only 2.9% of beneficiaries with ADRD having received it by the end of 2020. Receipt of CACP was even more dismal among beneficiaries living with ADRD who are Hispanic/Latino, dual-eligible, or living in a rural county with 1.8%, 1.9%, and 1.8% of these beneficiaries receiving CACP by 2020 respectively. It is unknown if there are specific barriers to adoption driving this low uptake. This analysis uses a 100% samples of Medicare fee-for-service claims and Medicare Advantage encounters to identify provider and practice level predictors correlated with CACP adoption. The model predicts adoption of CACP using provider specialty, peer adoption of CACP, a previously denied CACP claim, number of patients living with ADRD treated by the provider, percent of patients in Medicare Advantage, overall patient volume, and practice size. Understanding the relative contribution of these potential barriers/facilitators to provider adoption will help inform dissemination efforts and changes that can be made to billing requirements to encourage widespread CACP uptake.
INTENTIONAL SUPPORT REDUCES TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS FOR DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS
Authors: Tupper Emily , Irish Stephanie , Gothard Sarah , Zonker Christina , Mooney Aimee , Lindauer Allison 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Utilizing technology to provide research interventions can reduce historic barriers to participation, such as travel for study visits, but also presents new challenges for participant retention. Technological issues, including malfunctioning equipment or operator error, are routinely identified as a source of attrition in telehealth studies, and are often associated with a lack of technical support. The Tele-STELLA study, a telehealth intervention aimed at supporting caregivers of persons with dementia, found employment of a tech-support staff eliminated technological issues as a source of attrition. In addition to an interventionist leading each session, a support person was assigned to monitor and address any technical issues. Technical difficulties and subsequent support were recorded for each session. Of 374 recorded sessions, interventionists reported 64(17%) technical difficulties, of which 62(16.5%) were resolved in less than 15 minutes, allowing the session to continue as scheduled; 2(0.5%) sessions required rescheduling. Participant feedback about overall technical experience was gathered at 8 and 16 weeks, and at the time of withdraw. Of 150 enrolled participants, 49 withdrew before completing the study(33%), and experience data was available for 30(61%). Of those, none reported technical issues as a reason for withdrawing, and 28 reported to “strongly agree” or “agree” that they had good technical support(93%). Although attrition is higher than those reported in comparable studies, Tele-STELLA circumvented the barrier of technological issues with targeted technical support during sessions. These findings suggest that purposeful technical support could eliminate a known cause for similar interventions.
INVESTIGATING DRUG-INDUCED DEMENTIA IN A CNS MPS ASSESSING DEFICITS IN LTP FROM ANTICHOLINERGIC COGNITIVE BURDEN
Authors: Autar Kaveena , Grisales Maria , Honore Chelsea , Guo Xiufang , Morgan David , Michaud Veronique , Turgeon Jacques , Hickman James 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) provide an avenue for small-scale modelling of organ constructs. In conjunction with human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) cultured on microelectrode arrays (MEAs), MPS enable the exploration of functional deficits in concurrence with drug efficacy. Central nervous system (CNS) neural network MPS can evaluate compound-induced cognitive impairment via synapse-dependent, long-term potentiation (LTP). The present work employed a previously validated hiPSC-cortical neuron LTP model to investigate drug-induced dementia onset by Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB). Utilizing an established CNS model of LTP, we have successfully been able to evaluate a dose-response relationship between ACB drug concentration and cognitive deficits. After discovering that many ACB drugs cause clinical drowsiness, caffeine was employed to re-awaken neuronal activity, akin to increased vigilance. Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), confirmed that LTP deficits resulted from cholinergic neurotransmission, demonstrating the ability of our CNS MPS to assess mechanism-specific synaptic decline. Synergistic effects of ACB drugs and amyloid-beta42 oligomers, which agglomerate to produce neurotoxic plaques in AD, depicted an exacerbation of LTP deficits, suggesting a higher risk of cognitive decline in patients with early-onset AD using anticholinergics. This study illustrated the ability of our human, CNS-based MPS to recapitulate cognitive dysfunction preceded by neurotransmitter homeostatic imbalance, further validating our LTP model for investigating mechanism-dependent disease phenotypes. This model can be expanded to assess synergistic effects of drugs effecting neural network integrity on preexisting conditions causing cognitive impairment, which were observed to be translatable to clinical symptoms.