bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the efficacy of multifunctional and ACC- deaminase producing Trichoderma harzianum and plant growth-promoting bacteria in the alleviation of salt-stress in Ocimum sanctum
Authors: SINGH SUMAN , Singh Akanksha , Chanotiya Chandan Singh , Vajpayee Poornima , Kalra Alok 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Salinity is a significant concern in crop production, causing severe losses in agricultural yields. Ocimum sanctum, also known as Holy Basil, is an important ancient medicinal plant used in the Indian traditional system of medicine. The present study explores the use of ACC deaminase-producing strains of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) namely Str-8 (Halomonas desiderata), Fd-2 (Achromobacter xylosoxidans), Sd-6 (Brevibacterium halotolerans), Art-7 (Burkholderia cepacia), and Ldr-2 (Bacillus subtilis), and T. harzianum (Th), possessing multi-functional properties like growth promotion, stress alleviation, and root-inducing properties, for using them as bioinoculants for enhancing O. sanctum yield and tolerance to salt stress. The results showed that co-inoculation of Th and PGPBs enhanced plant height and fresh herb weight by 3.78–17.65% and 7.86–58.76% respectively; maximum being in Th + Fd-2 and Th + Art-7 compared to untreated salinized plants. Doubly inoculated plants increased pigments, phenol, flavonoids, protein, sugar, relative water content, and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen and Phosphorous) as compared to monocultures and untreated salinized plants. In addition, combined inoculations in plants resulted in lower Na+, MDA, H2O2, CAT, APX activities, and also lower ACC accumulation (49.75 to 72.38% over non-treated salinized plant) in O. sanctum, which probably played a significant role in minimizing the deleterious effects of salinity. Overall multifactorial analysis showed that co-inoculation of Th and PGPBs improved O. sanctum growth, its physiological activities, and alleviated salt stress compared to single inoculated and untreated salinized plants.
Sonazoid-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography in patients with biliopancreatic diseases: A preliminary study
Authors: Nanashima Atsushi , Tanoue Yukinori , Hamada Takeomi , Hiyoshi Masahide , Imamura Naoya , Ishii Mitsutoshi , Yano Koichi , Kai Kengo , Sakakibara Yuka , Nishimuta Masato , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Ultrasonography using Sonazoid, a novel contrast agent containing microbubbles is a useful diagnostic modality for intrahepatic mass lesions by specific characteristics in two phases of contrast enhancement of early vascular perfusion and perfusion defect of the lesion in the late phase. To improve diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) in biliopancreatic neoplasms, we investigated the usefulness of Sonazoid contrast agent as a preliminary study.
Methods
We examined IOUS images in 24 patients with the biliopancreatic diseases. Sonazoid was administered intravenously, and the early arterial- and nenous-phase images of tumor were observed during laparotomy.
Results
Tumors included the localized type of adenomyomatosis in the fundus of gallbladder (GAM) in seven patients as a benign control, adenomatous diseases of biliopancreatic lesions in four, gallbladder carcinoma (GC) in 12, and papilla adenocarcinoma in one. Scanning by Sonazoid IOUS was accomplished in all patients with no adverse effects. Although GC showed high enhancement in 83% of the tumors, GAM and adenoma also showed enhancement in more than half of them, whereas the VA and an intrahepatic duct adenoma were not enhanced. Pseudo-positivity was observed in one case of hyperplastic polyp, and pseudo-negativity was observed in two patients. Cholesterol polyps and liver metastases were not enhanced by Sonazoid.
Conclusion
Sonazoid IOUS is an alternative useful diagnostic tool to detect vascularity indicating malignancy or tumor extent that allows adequate surgical resection to be performed.
Thirteen tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily gene expression in malignancies and their clinical relevance to immunotherapy: a pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Dong Zheng , Zhou Hongyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Although the expression of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) genes and their anticancer functions in immune cells have been well described, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms and the clinical relevance of TNFRSF family gene expression in cancer cells. Recent studies indicate that the expression of CD40 (also known as TNFRSF5) is upregulated by RAS/RAF/PI3K pathway inhibition in melanoma cells, and it has the potential to be a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy responses in multiple cancer types. Therefore, we hypothesized that 13 TNFRSF genes with structural similarities to CD40 would be associated with the RAS-mediated oncogenic signaling pathways in melanoma cells and could benefit the prediction of immunotherapy responses in a range of cancers. Furthermore, there is a paucity of comparative gene expression analyses across cancer types (pan-cancer analysis) to reveal different types of cancer that share similar and distinct expression patterns of these TNFRSF genes. Methods: We performed a pan-cancer analysis of the 13 TNFRSF genes in 18,299 samples from 23 cancer types to elucidate their expression alterations in tumorigenesis and their associations with signatures of immune cell infiltration and type I anti-tumor response, as well as the expression of oncogenes and ICB-related genes. In addition, single-cell (n = 169) and bulk (n = 37) RNA-seq data in melanoma samples with different NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) mutational statuses were used separately to examine the regulation of these TNFRSF genes by NRAS. Ultimately, the evaluation of these TNFRSF genes as biomarkers of immunotherapy responses in seven cancer types (n = 1,257) was performed using the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion web platform. Results and conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a comprehensive landscape of expression alterations in the 13 TNFRSF genes across a wide range of malignancies, with an emphasis on the association of these genes with type I anti-tumor T-cell responses and oncogene expression. In melanoma, oncogenic NRAS mutations downregulate the expression of multiple TNFRSF genes at bulk and single-cell levels. Moreover, our study suggests that the expression of the 13 TNFRSF genes could be used as potential biomarkers for predicting response to ICB therapy in certain cancer types with a partially complementary role. These findings will help us better understand the role of these TNFRSF genes in cancer development and treatment, and they may lead to the identification of candidate biomarkers for future clinical research and implications.
Clinical and non-clinical exploration of Thinqure20 (a herbal composition) in treatment and prophylaxis of novel coronavirus and in other pathogens.
Authors: Gharpure Milind , ranganekar Hrishikesh , Dhawal Pranjali , Mote Ravindra , Gulgule Ravindra , Nikhil  , vekariya Sanjay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
Ongoing pandemic is being tackled by many in many ways. Simple yet effective age-old formulations might hold a key in better management of the disease. Objective was to run a series of studies to make and explore one such formulation through reverse-pharmacology. Thinqure 20 is a polyherbal formulation that contains Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale, and rock salt. Thinqure20 was designed to work as an antiviral drug, especially against SARS CoV-2 virus. Hence the present Clinical and subsequent non-clinical studies were carried-out to evaluate efficacy, safety and tolerability of Thinqure 20 in Covid-19 infection.
Methods
Clinical study was conducted to evaluate safety, efficacy and tolerability of Thinqure 20 in Covid-19 patients (CTRI/2021/03/032471). The treatment duration was 5 days. Patients were assessed for efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Thinqure20. Subsequently, non-clinical in-vitro cell line study, antiviral and antifungal, COVID SPIKE ACE2 inhibition studies were done on Thinqure20 extract. ASTM guidelines were followed for the same.
Results
The clinical study showed the mean percentage reduction in the viral load from baseline to end of the study visit of Thinqure 20 to be 75.4%, where the minimum reduction was 59.3%, while the maximum reduction in viral load was 100%. There were 04 clinical adverse events reported which were mild in nature. Viral load testing was done by Quantitative RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) RNA method from NABL accredited lab. A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study. 29 patients completed the study. In the invitro study on cell-line, the extract showed potential antiviral activity against MS2 bacteriophage, a non-enveloped virus, influenza virus, and human coronavirus with IC90 value at > 10mg/ml. The sample also presented antifungal ability against Mucor racemosus with EC50 value at concentration 1mg/ml. Thinqure 20 was tested for its ACE2 receptor inhibitory activity. ). The kit-based SARS inhibitor showed 89.00% ACE 2 receptor inhibition when used as per KIT’s instructions.
Conclusion
The results showed that Thinqure 20 has potential against non-enveloped viruses and enveloped viruses including human coronavirus. It also showed antifungal activity against mucor strain. Evidences support that the use of Thinqure 20 has beneficial effects in the treatment of Covid19 which may be linked to a decrease in total viral load in patients. It provided better relief for the recovery of the COVID-19 disease.
Spatiotemporal cluster patterns of hand, foot, and mouth disease at the province level in mainland China, 2011-2018
Authors: Wu Yuanzhe , Wang Tingwei , Zhao Mingyi , Wang Shiwen , Shi Jingcheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although three monovalent EV-A71 vaccines have been launched in mainland China since 2016, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) still causes a considerable disease burden in China. Vaccines’ use may change the epidemiological characters of HFMD. All HFMD cases’ data from January 2011 to December 2018 were obtained from the public health science data center given by the Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and space-time scan statistics analysis were used to explore the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of this disease at the provincial level in mainland China. Interrupted time series (ITS) was used to analyze the impact of the EV-A71 vaccine on the incidence of HFMD. This study found that the median annual incidence of HFMD was 153.78 per 100,000 (ranging from 120.79 to 205.06) in mainland China from 2011 to 2018. Two peaks of infections were observed per year. Children 5 years and under were the main morbid population. The global autocorrelation analysis showed that the spatial distribution of HFMD was presented a significant clustering pattern in each year (P < 0.001), and the local autocorrelation analysis indicated that the high incidence areas were clustered in the southern and southeastern coastal provinces. The distribution of HFMD cases was clustered in time and space. The range of cluster time was between April and October. The most likely cluster appeared in the southern coastal provinces (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan) from 2011 to 2017 and in the southeastern coastal provinces (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang) in 2018. It is necessary to advance the EV-A71 vaccination plan, analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of different enterovirus pathogens of HFMD, and promote HFMD multivalent vaccines. The results can provide the basis for implementing effective disease prevention and control policies.
Strategies of Protected Area Use by an Ecosystem Engineer
Authors: Madsen Anastasia E. , Minge Christin , Pushpakumara T. V. , Weerathunga U. Sameera , Padmalal U. K. , Weerakoon Devaka K. , de Silva Shermin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are necessary for conserving animal populations amidst human expansion, but may be insufficient for fully accommodating the needs of wide-ranging species. Animals’ use of space and PAs may vary by age, life-history and social considerations. We quantified sightings and behavior of 516 adult Asian elephants from both sexes, over 9 years, to investigate how life history traits and behavior influence PA use at Udawalawe National Park, Sri Lanka. Male PA use, quantified in terms of average between-sightings-interval (BSI), was significantly influenced by the interaction of age class and motivational state (i.e. reproduction vs. foraging). A minority of males (11%) used it exclusively during mate-search, while the remainder used it exclusively for foraging (44%) or both (45%). Females’ average BSI was significantly yet weakly influenced by social ties, indicating that members of social communities do not necessarily disperse together as a unit. Inter-annual variability in sightings among individuals of both sexes indicates that over half of the population are likely non-residential, challenging the dominant fortress-conservation paradigm of wildlife management in many parts of Asia. Our observations underscore that elephant populations in PAs may be more heavily dependent on adjacent landscapes than hitherto acknowledged.
Effects of Full-cycle Exposure to Difenoconazole in Parental Zebrafish on the Liver-gut Axis of F0 and F1 Generations
Authors: Zhu Tao , Wang Hao , Li Dong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To explore the effects of long-term exposure to low-dose difenoconazole (DCZ) on lipid metabolism in the liver gut axis, we exposed zebrafish embryos to ambient concentrations of DCZ for 120 days and comprehensively analyzed the metabolic and microbial networks of the F0 and F1 generations using biochemical, metabolomic and metagenomics approaches. The changes of biochemical indexes indicated that DCZ exposure inhibited lipid synthesis, lipolysis and lipid transport of F0 males and females. In addition, the composition of gut microbes in males and females was significantly changed, which corresponds to changes in biochemical parameters in liver, intestine and serum. Metabolome analysis showed that pathways related to amino acid metabolism, ATP-binding cassette transporters, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism were downregulated in the gut of males and females. At 120 days post-fertilization, lipid synthesis, lipolysis and lipid transport of F1 males was upregulated; the composition of microbiota and metabolome of the F1males gut was significantly altered. Overall, we found that long-term exposure to low doses of DCZ inhibited the liver-gut axis in males and females, and the liver-gut axis in F1 males were disturbed even in F1 generation without DCZ exposure.
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression for Interval Censored data with an Application to College Entrance and Parental Job Loss
Authors: Kim Hee Jin , Kim SungHun , Lee Eunjee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper conducted a survival analysis by fitting a Cox proportional hazards model to the Korea Labor panel data in order to analyze the effect of parental job loss on children’s admission to a college and university. Since the Korea Labor panel data is interval-and right-censored, we compared three imputation methods: simple omission, imputation as the average of the left and the right values of the interval, and multiple imputations proposed by Pan (2000). Their integrated area under the curve (iAUC) and mean square error (MSE) were compared in order to assess the predictive and estimation performances. It was found that, within the simulation, the multiple imputation method had a lower MSE than the other two methods. However, no difference was observed in the iAUC values. In the group where each householder had at least a college degree, the parental job loss variable was significantly related to college or university admission of the first child in a household regardless of the interval-censoring imputation method.
Genomic analyses identify key biological processes in prototype foamy virus infected cancer cells
Authors: Wang Mengshan , Wang Xueying , Zhang Donghong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Viral vector-mediated gene therapy against cancer such as fibrosarcoma has been considered a high gene delivery method. Among the retroviruses, foamy viruses have been considered potential gene therapy vectors due to their non-pathogenicity. However, the biological processes during the foamy viruses infected cancer cells are unknown. Here, our objective is to figure out the key molecules, signaling pathways, and biological processes by analyzing the RAN-seq data. The GSE200199 is produced by the Illumina HiSeq 4000 (Homo sapiens). Our study showed Sphingolipid signaling pathway and Carbon metabolism are the key biological processes in the foamy viruses infected fibrosarcoma cells. Moreover, we figured out several interactive genes including TP53, KRAS, RHOA, VEGFA, SIRT1, ERBB2, CD44, BCL2L1, DLG4, and BDNF. Our study may provide new knowledge on foamy viruses infected cancer cells.
«The plain discourse of truth»: the project of philosophic language in the 17th-century West Part I: The way to the real character
Authors: Карабыков А.В. 
Published: May 2022

Будучи уникальным явлением эпохи Научной революции XVI–XVII вв., проект всеобщего и особенно философского языка развивался на стыке интересов столь разных дисциплин, как лингвистика и теология, естествознание и семиотика, метафизика и теория коммуникации. В статье исследуется его история, осмысленная как переход от стено- и криптографических систем к схемам всеобщей и далее реальной письменности. При этом философский язык был фонетическим вариантом систем реальной письменности. Анализ каждой ступени сосредоточен на мотивах и целях создателей этих схем, а также на культурных факторах и интеллектуальных предпосылках, обусловливавших их мышление. Обсуждается вопрос о связях, генетически соединявших этот проект с обсуждением природы адамического языка и возможности его обретения. Доказывается, что авторы схем обоих (всеобщего и реального) типов рассматривали их как паллиатив по отношению к утраченному Ursprache.
The project of universal and philosophic language was a unique phenomenon of the epoch of the Scientific revolution of the XVI–XVII cc. It was developed at an intersection of such various disciplines as linguistics and theology, natural philosophy and semiotics, metaphysics and communicational technologies. The history of the project conceived as a transition from steno- and cryptographic systems to schemes of the universal character and then to the real one is studied. The analysis of each stage is focused on motives and aims of creators of the schemes as well as on cultural factors and intellectual premises determining their work and thinking. An issue of the relations genetically connecting that project with discussions of the nature of Adamic language and of possibilities of its recuperation is considered. It is argued that the authors of the schemes of the both (universal and real) kinds regarded them as a palliative substitution of the lost Ursprache.
New Professors for Russian Universities: The Formation of Classical Philologists in the 1830s
Authors: Ильина К.А. 
Published: May 2022

В статье реконструируются практики обучения филологов-классиков в Дерптском университете, Профессорском институте при нем, Берлинском университете в конце 1820-х–1830-е годы. Это дает возможность рассмотреть процесс формирования группы молодых ученых, будущих университетских профессоров, с разделенным пониманием дисциплинарных стандартов классической филологии, методов ее исследования и преподавания. Источниковой основой исследования являются делопроизводственные материалы, извлеченные из фонда Департамента народного просвещения, а также из университетских фондов российских и зарубежных архивов.
The article is focused on reconstruction of сthe teaching practices of classical philologists at the University of Dorpat, Dorpat Professorial Institute and the University of Berlin in the late 1820s–1830s. This allows us to consider the process of formation of the group of young scientists, future university professors, with a shared understanding of the disciplinary standards of classical philology, methods of its research and teaching. For this purpose, the archival materials of the Ministry of Education, as well as Saint Petersburg, Dorpat and Kiev Universities are considered.
Understanding the "Black death" and major epidemic outbreaks of plague in modern Western historiography
Authors: Хайдаров Т.Ф. 
Published: May 2022

В статье анализируются взгляды современных западных исследователей на крупные эпидемические вспышки чумы, происходившие в прошлом. Особое внимание уделено практике работы с косвенными данными, взятыми из палеогенетики, а также теории вероятности, социологии и климатологии. Осмысление полученных данных позволило не только перейти к макрорегиональным исследованиям, но и значительно расширить источниковую базу темы. Полученные таким образом результаты позволили историкам (Н.В. ДеВитт, М. Грин, М.Б.С. Кэмпбелл) решить ряд наиболее спорных вопросов. Главные из них касались: региона происхождения и дат крупных чумных эпидемий; факторов, способствовавших их распространению; хронологических и географических границ изучаемого объекта; основных изменений в социально-экономических и общественно-политических отношениях изучаемых макрорегионов. Речь идет о начале процесса кардинального пересмотра устоявшихся со Средних веков представлений о крупных чумных эпидемиях прошлого.
The article analyzes views of Western researchers on major epidemic outbreaks of plague that occurred in the historical past. Special attention is paid to the practice of work with indirect data taken from paleogenetics, as well as probability theory, sociology and climatology. Understanding the data obtained allowed us not only to move to macro-regional studies, but also to significantly expand the source base of the topic. The results obtained in this way allowed historians (N.V. Devitt, M. Green, M.B.S. Campbell) to resolve a number of the most controversial questions. The main ones concerned: the region of origin and date of major plague epidemics; factors that contributed to the spread of these disasters; chronological and geographical boundaries; the main changes in the socio-economic and socio-political relations of the studied macro-regions. In fact, we are talking about the beginning of a process of radical revision of the dogmas and ideas that have been established since the Middle ages about major plague epidemics in the historical past.
Mapping the Borders of Muscovy and Rus’ Representations of the “Muscovite People” in the European Cartography and Toponymy of the 16–18th сс.
Authors: Ерусалимский К.Ю. 
Published: May 2022

В статье рассмотрены репрезентации «Московии» и «Белой Руси» на картах XVI в. и развитие этих ренессансных хоронимов в картографии XVII–XVIII вв., а также изучена «московская» топонимика на землях Великого княжества Литовского и Короны Польской. Московия и населяющие ее московиты возникли на картах в 1500-1540-е гг. на малоизвестных землях, которые не рассматривались до середины XVI в. как единое политическое целое, однако и позднее ограничивались в своем господствующем статусе благодаря ряду картографических приемов.
The article deals with the representations of „Muscovy“ and „Alba Russia“ on the 16th century maps and developments of these Renaissance choronyms in the 17–18th cс., and „Muscovite“ toponymy on the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Crown. The Muscovy and populating her Muscovites emerged on the maps ca. 1500–1540s as cartographic symbols on the understudied lands, which were not considered as political unit until the mid-16th century, and later were also limited in their domineering status in these lands by special cartographic means.