bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Pest Management — What’s It All About?
Authors: Rhoads Ann F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrent interest in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has resulted from problems connected with over dependence on synthetic chemical pesticides. IPM draws on a variety of control methods to prevent pests from exceeding threshold levels. Success of IPM with agricultural crops is now being extended into the area of shade trees and woody ornamentals.
Strategi Pengembangan Perikanan Tangkap di Perairan Ambon (Studi Kasus: Teluk Luar)
Authors: Tomasoa Yunarti  F S 
Published: August 2022

Pembangunan Kelautan dan Perikanan di Kota Ambon sangatlah penting dan strategis karena memiliki potensi sumberdaya perikanan yang sangat besar dan dapat diandalkan. Diperlukan strategi untuk mengembangkan potensi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi pengembangan perikanan tangkap di Kota Ambon, khususnya di teluk bagian Luar. Objek utama kajian ini ialah daerah penangkapan ikan, armada penangkapan ikan, produksi perikanan, dan peluang pengembangan serta arahan kebijakan pengembangan perikanan tangkap berwawasan lingkungan. Faktor-faktor yang dianalisis meliputi : (1) potensi dan produksi sumberdaya ikan, (2) eksistensi armada dan peralatan tangkap (3) peluang pengembangan dan (4) arahan kebijakan. Strategi pengembangan perikanan tangkap di Perairan Teluk Luar adalah: (1) Peningkatan hasil tangkapan, (2) Pelarangan pengoperasian kapal-kapal purse seine untuk tuna dan cakalang, (3) Pengurangan sedimentasi dan pencemaran, (4) Adaptasi penangkapan, (5) Peningkatan Pengawasan, (6) Penyiapan sarana dan prasarana pendukung kegiatan penangkapan dan (7) Motorisasi alat bantu penangkapan.
Ausgezeichneter Nachwuchs
Authors: Schaal René 
Published: August 2022

Frankfurt a.M. Gemeinsam mit Partnern und Sponsoren vergibt die agrarzeitung auch in diesem Jahr wieder den renommierten, mit 9000 € dotierten Förderpreis der Agrarwirtschaft. Der Preis richtet sich an Studierende, junge Landwirte und Wissenschaftler sowie Nachwuchskräfte mit innovativen Ideen, die die Agrarbranche voranbringen können.
Characterising the dynamic movement of thunderstorms using very low- and low-frequency (VLF/LF) total lightning data over the Pearl River Delta region
Authors: Cheng Si , Wang Jianguo , Cai Li , Zhou Mi , Su Rui , Huang Yijun , Li Quanxin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. This paper reveals the dynamic movement characteristics
of thunderstorms using total lightning data obtained from very low- and low-frequency (VLF/LF)
location measurements. Eight thunderstorms, which were evenly distributed in
the morning, midday, afternoon and evening, are selected to compare the
different kinematic features over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in the
south of China from 17 to 23 May 2014. The connected-neighbourhood
labelling method is used to identify lightning clusters and obtain the
centroids. Significant characterisation parameters are put forward as
metrics to reveal the kinematic features of thunderstorms, including the
duration time, valid area (VA), movement velocity, movement direction and
farthest distance in longitude and latitude during the life cycle of the
storm. A common trend is that the storms initiate in the west of the PRD
region, moving to the east and disappearing after the thunderstorm travels
around 106.5 km in longitude. There are two kinds of distributions to depict
the property of the valid area, which are one-peak distribution with the
maximum in the mature stage and two-peak distribution with a relatively
smaller peak in the early time of the storm. The velocity does not show the
same trend as the variation in VA which shows a steady increase or decrease
during the lifetime of thunderstorms. The biggest VA and highest velocity
are 891 km2 occurring on the evening of 17 May and 204.8 km h−1
occurring on the morning of 20 May. The 19 May evening storm was the weakest,
with the maximum VA and velocity being 253 km2 and 115.3 km h−1,
respectively. The motion of eight storms shows a distinct pattern as the
spread of direction distributes tightly in the range of 0–180∘. The movement characteristics of thunderstorms and the
associated parameters may help to improve the nowcasting and forecasting
system of thunderstorms in the warm season.
Sulfuric acid in the Amazon basin: measurements and evaluation of existing sulfuric acid proxies
Authors: Myers Deanna C. , Kim Saewung , Sjostedt Steven , Guenther Alex B. , Seco Roger , Vega Bustillos Oscar , Tota Julio , Souza Rodrigo A. F. , Smith James N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Sulfuric acid is a key contributor to new particle formation, though measurements of its gaseous concentrations are difficult to make. Several parameterizations to estimate sulfuric acid exist, all of which were constructed using measurements from the Northern Hemisphere. In this work, we report the first measurements of sulfuric acid from the Amazon basin. These measurements are consistent with concentrations measured in Hyytiälä, Finland, though, unlike Hyytiälä, there is no clear correlation of sulfuric acid with global radiation. There was a minimal difference in sulfuric acid observed between the wet and dry seasons in the Amazon basin. We also test the efficacy of existing proxies to estimate sulfuric acid in this region. Our results suggest that nighttime sulfuric acid production is due to both a stabilized Criegee intermediate pathway and oxidation of SO2 by OH, the latter of which is not currently accounted for in existing proxies. These results also illustrate the drawbacks of the common substitution of radiation for OH concentrations. None of the tested proxies effectively estimate sulfuric acid measurements at night. For estimates at all times of day, a recently published proxy based on data from the boreal forest should be used. If only daytime estimates are needed, several recent proxies that do not include the Criegee pathway are sufficient. More investigation of nighttime sulfuric acid production pathways is necessary to close the gap between measurements and estimates with existing proxies.
Spatiotemporal optimization of groundwater monitoring networks using data-driven sparse sensing methods
Authors: Ohmer Marc , Liesch Tanja , Wunsch Andreas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Groundwater monitoring and specific collection of data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the aquifer are prerequisites for effective groundwater management and determine nearly all downstream management decisions. An optimally designed groundwater monitoring network (GMN) will provide the maximum information content at the minimum cost (Pareto optimum). In this study, PySensors, a Python package containing scalable, data-driven algorithms for sparse sensor selection and signal reconstruction with dimensionality reduction is applied to an existing GMN in 1D (hydrographs) and 2D (gridded groundwater contour maps). The algorithm first fits a basis object to the training data and then applies a computationally efficient QR algorithm that ranks existing monitoring wells (for 1D) or suitable sites for additional monitoring (for 2D) in order of importance, based on the state reconstruction of this tailored basis. This procedure enables a network to be reduced or extended along the Pareto front. Moreover, we investigate the effect of basis choice on reconstruction performance by comparing three types typically used for sparse sensor selection (i.e., identity, random projection, and SVD, respectively, PCA). We define a gridded cost function for the extension case that penalizes unsuitable locations. Our results show that the proposed approach performs better than the best randomly selected wells. The optimized reduction makes it possible to adequately reconstruct the removed hydrographs with a highly reduced subset with low loss. With a GMN reduced by 94 %, an average absolute reconstruction accuracy of 0.1 m is achieved, in addition to 0.05 m with a reduction by 69 % and 0.01 m with 18 %.
Historical tsunamis of Taiwan in the 18th century: the 1781 Jiateng Harbor flooding and 1782 tsunami event
Authors: Liu Tien-Chi , Wu Tso-Ren , Hsu Shu-Kun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. This research aims to study two historical tsunamis that occurred in Taiwan during the 18th century and to reconstruct the incidents. The 1781 Jiateng Harbor flooding, recorded by the Chinese historical document entitled “Taiwan Interview Catalogue” took place on the southwest coast of Taiwan. In contrast, the 1782 tsunami was documented in foreign languages, with uncertainties about the actual time. These two events seem to be close enough in time and location that, to some researchers, they are considered as the same event. Reasoning these historical events requires carefully examining the literature records and performing the scenarios that match the descriptions. The impact intensity analysis (IIA) is employed to locate possible regions of tsunami sources in order to reproduce the events. Numerical simulations based on the Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) analyze the influence of different types of tsunamis generated by both submarine mass failures and seismic activities. Numerical results indicate that the source of the 1781 Jiateng Harbor flooding is located very possibly on the south-southwestern side of Taiwan. However, simulation results and historical records put the existence of the 1782 tsunami in doubt, and the possibility of storm surges could not be ruled out.
Pathoanatomy, biomechanics, and treatment of upper cervical ligamentous instability: A literature review
Authors: Vij Neeraj , Tolson Hannah , Kiernan Hayley , Agusala Veena , Viswanath Omar , Urits Ivan 
Published: August 2022

Background Cervical spine instability broadly refers to compromise of the articular congruity. It can be stratified according to spinal level, functional compromise, and mechanism of instability. Conventional wisdom advocates for use of bracing and physical therapy with only a subset of patients proceeding to obtain surgical treatment. Objective The purpose of this review article is to summarize the current state of knowledge on upper cervical ligamentous instability. Methods The literature search was performed in Mendeley. Search fields were varied until redundant. All articles were screened by title and abstract and a preliminary decision to include an article was made. The full-text screening was performed on the selected articles. Any question regarding the inclusion of an article was discussed by 3 authors until an agreement was reached. Results Many articles report on the etiological factors including ligamentous laxity, traumatic injury, syndrome instability, iatrogenic instability, congenital, and inflammatory causes. A few recent studies elucidate new findings regarding pathoanatomy through the use of finite element analysis. A few articles demonstrate the diagnosis and show that radiographs alone have a low diagnostic rate and that functional MRI may be able to better quantify instability. Conservative treatment has been described, but there are no outcome studies in the literature. Surgical treatment has been described in many different populations with good radiologic and clinical outcomes. Recently the use of preoperative 3D CT reconstruction has been described with radiographic and immediate postoperative patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion The presentation of upper cervical spinal instability can be asymptomatic, symptoms of isolated instability, symptoms of nerve irritation, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, or severe neurologic compromise. 3D fine element analysis models and motion-capture systems have the potential to increase our understanding of the pathoanatomic cascade in both traumatic and non-traumatic cases of upper cervical spinal instability. A few modalities on the horizon could increase diagnostic potential. More efforts are needed regarding the use of fine element analysis in understanding the pathoanatomic cascade, the long-term outcomes of children over a spectrum of syndromic causes, and the potential of preoperative virtual simulation to improve surgical outcomes.
Madagascar’s Green Gold: Nature Religion, Biotechnology, and the Global Race against Covid-19
Authors: Furiasse Amanda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
At the start of the coronavirus pandemic, Madagascar’s government garnered international media attention for their herbal remedy to COVID-19, made from the Artemisia plant, called “Covid-Organics” (CVO). While global media outlets presented CVO as yet another example of an inherent conflict between traditional African medicine and Western medicine, this article hypothesizes that the release of CVO offers a rare window into the dynamic processes by which ecological, technological, and cultural developments in the production and distribution of artemisia and plant-based medicines in the country are giving rise to a multifaceted system of medical pluralism that attempts to strike a difficult balance between appeasing the rapidly growing global demand for plant-based medicines and preserving the country’s unique religious heritage and biodiversity.
African Territoriality in Brazilian Cultural Heritage Policies
Authors: Andreson Jamie Lee 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
From the 1980s onward, Candomblé leaders successfully adapted cultural heritage laws to protect historic temples and gain select rights in the construction of a Brazilian democracy. State technicians and anthropologists in dialogue with religious leaders defined African territoriality in Brazilian cultural heritage policies through sometimes conflicting principles of race, gender, and history. Black priestesses were fundamental to this process, leading their communities toward greater public respect, representation, and protection through political negotiation. This article argues that the adaptation of cultural heritage status to historic temples defined Black women’s leadership as a central feature of African heritage in Brazil, while leaving the widespread issues of land insecurity and religious and environmental racism unexamined in the implementation of democratic policies. The Candomblé religion depends on healthy and sustainable material relationships to the land and community. Religious racism, land speculation, economic precarity, and environmental destruction continue to marginalize Candomblé temples and their leaders in Brazil despite nominal celebration by the state.
Molecular Detection of Mucor Circinelloides in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ammari Abbas M. , Hussein Anaam Fuad , Zaid Kaerm Fakhar Al-Nissaa 
Published: August 2022

Workload Aims: This study was aimed to detect of Mucor circinelloides in diabetic patients and compare between the cultural and molecular methods for rapid and efficiency detection Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred specimens were collected from patients with diabetes mellitus who attended medical city in Baghdad for a period of four months. Clinical diagnosis were done by physician. The specimens were classified as (Blood, Cutaneous and sputum). According to the gender, the specimens were sixty eight males and thirty two females. Different cultural and molecular detection methods were used for identification of M. circinelloides. Results: Five isolates of M. circinelloides were identified using different cultural media and PCR method. The molecular weight of M. circinelloides bands using PCR method was ~650 bp. Depending on PCR sequencing method, only one isolate was showed substitution mutation in amino acid is (I).	Conclusions: The efficacy of used different cultural methods and molecular methods to isolate M. circinelloides were similar but, molecular methods are less time consuming. Keywords: Mucor circinelloides, Diabetic patients, cultural method, PCR methods
The Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofilm Producing, Multi Drug Resistant P.Aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Cases
Authors: Jaddoa Saadiyah Abed , Hassani Mithal Ka. Al- 
Published: August 2022

To perform this study, out of 32 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, about 20 multi-drug resistant isolates were selected, diagnosed firstly depending on their cultural, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics, then the diagnoses had been confirmed through 16s rRNA gene.	The Kirby-Bauer method of antibiotic sensitivity test were performed, by using an eleven common antibiotics, and the results were as the following, the resistance ratios of Ampicillin and Amoxicillin were 100%, which is mean that all isolates were resistant to these two antibiotics, the resistance ratio reached 90% for the Pipracillin, the resistance ratio of Cefepime and Ceftazidime was 70%, the resistance ratio of Ciprofloxacin was 65%, the resistance ratios of Amikacin and Tobramycin were 45%, 40%, respectively, the resistance ratio of Aztreonam was 35%, the resistance ratio of meropenem was 20%, finally, the resistance ratio of Imipenem was 10%, that represent the lowest resistance ratio, so in this study Imipenem was the most efficient antibiotic.	The phylogenetic tree analysis showed the following results, for the gene 16S rRNA, there is a great similarity between our two local isolates and other global isolates, the phylogenetic tree analysis of the gene algD showed a low similarity when compared with the global isolates, while the phylogenetic tree analysis of the gene pelF showed both high and low similarities, whereas the degree of similarity between our two local isolates and the global isolates for the gene pslD ranged between 79% and 99%.
Chest X-ray Findings and Hyponatremia in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Habas Elmukhtar , Abugrara Said Abdussalam , Faidh Ramzee Ahmed , Ghazouani Hafedh , Fino Areen , Abu Khattab Mohamad A. , Al Masalamani Muna S. , Prabhakaran Nair Arun 
Published: August 2022

Background: The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic in December 2019. COVID-19 can affect most organs of the body but predominantly affects the lungs. Chest infection is associated with hyponatremia primarily due to inappropriate ectopic secretion of antidiuretic hormone. We conducted a six-month retrospective observational study to evaluate the relationship between chest X-ray (CXR) radiological findings and serum sodium levels. Our secondary goal was to assess the relationship between CXR findings and patient outcomes.
Aim of the Study: To assess the relationship between the initial CXR findings, hyponatremia severity, and outcome in COVID-19 infected patients.
Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of CXR findings of COVID-19 patients aged > 18 years. The patients were healthy and had no history of hyponatremia before COVID-19 infection. All recruited patients were admitted to one of four hospitals in Qatar (Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Communicable Disease Center, and all affiliated quarantine centers managed under the Communicable Disease Centre, Mesaieed Hospital, and Ras Laffan Hospital) between March and June 2020. We excluded patients with factors that contributed to hyponatremia. Three score grades were established to describe the CXR findings. Patients were divided into three groups by the principal researcher according to their serum sodium levels. A radiologist evaluated the CXR findings with the patient and group information obscured. The principal researcher collected the X-ray scores for analysis with the serum sodium levels. We used SPSS for Windows, Version 15.0. (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and STATA Package Version 12.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) to analyze the data. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: A total of 414 CXR patients with COVID-19 were recruited; 275 patients had hyponatremia and 139 had normal sodium levels and were used as the control group. Patients with normal serum sodium and hyponatremia were classified into three categories based on the CXR findings. Grade 0 (95), Grade 1 (43), and Grade 2 (137) hyponatremic patients were reported. The mean sodium levels were 133.6, 131.3, and 127.2 mmol/L for Grades 0, 1, and 2, respectively (p < 0.001). More than 95% of the patients who developed hyponatremia were >30 years. Moderate and severe hyponatremia was more prevalent in patients with Grade 1 or Grade 2 CXR findings and were >30 years.
Conclusion: Serum sodium levels in COVID-19 patients correlated well with the severity of the CXR findings observed at the early disease stage. Furthermore, simple CXR scores can be used to identify COVID-19 patients at a higher risk of hyponatremia, length of hospital stay, medical care support type, and mortality.
Efficacy of biosynthetically developed selenium nanoparticles using plant extracts of clove and cardamom
Authors: Abirami S. , George Ashwin Mathew , Rajeshkumar S 
Published: August 2022

Background: The green approachable metal nanoparticles are treated to be an eco-friendly path and cost-effectiveness. In this present study, nano selenium was synthesized profitably by clove and cardamom. Methods: Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles was preliminarily confirmed by color changing from dark orange to red color in the reaction mixture. The resulting constructed nanoparticles were characterized by using ultraviolet spectroscopy absorbance around 450 nm. Characterization using HRTEM (High Resolution- Transmission Electron Microscope) to identify its size and shape. The organisms used to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of clove and cardamom reinforced selenium nanoparticles were Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and lactobacillus species and Candida albicans using Agar well diffusion method at 25 µL, 50 µL and 100 µL. In addition, we have analyzed its anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activity. Results: UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis which showed a peak at 450 nm of the visible spectrum by reduction of selenium salts to Se NP’s. TEM spherical shape was of size 5 -20 nm. Good antimicrobial activity was noted against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus species and Candida albicans. The mean zone of inhibition was found to be increased as the concentrations of Se NPs increased.
review on medicinal and potential applications of green synthesis
Authors: Bano Sarvaree 
Published: August 2022

The past decade has witnessed a phenomenal rise in nanotechnology research due to its broad range of applications in diverse fields including food safety, transportation, sustainable energy, environmental science, catalysis, and medicine. The distinctive properties of nanomaterial’s (nano-sized particles in the range of 1 to 100 nm) make them uniquely suitable for such wide range of functions. The nanoparticles when manufactured using green synthesis methods are especially desirable being devoid of harsh operating conditions (high temperature and pressure), hazardous chemicals, or addition of external stabilizing or capping agents. Numerous plants and microorgan- isms are being experimented upon for an eco–friendly, cost–effective, and biologically safe process optimization. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the green synthesis of metallic NPs using plants and microorganisms, factors affecting the synthesis, and characterization of synthesized NPs. The potential applications of metal NPs in various sectors have also been highlighted along with the major challenges involved with respect to toxicity and translational research.