bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Nomograms to Predict Cancer-Specific Survival and Overall Survival in Elderly Patients With Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxia , Zhanghuang Chenghao , Wang Jinkui , Tian Xiaomao , Wu Xin , Li Maoxian , Mi Tao , Liu Jiayan , Jin Liming , Li Mujie , He Dawei 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveProstate cancer (PC) is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy in men worldwide. Accurate predicting the survival of elderly PC patients can help reduce mortality in patients. We aimed to construct nomograms to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in elderly PC patients.MethodsInformation on PC patients aged 65 years and older was downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to determine independent risk factors for PC patients. Nomograms were developed to predict the CSS and OS of elderly PC patients based on a multivariate Cox regression model. The accuracy and discrimination of the prediction model were tested by the consistency index (C-index), the area under the subject operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the calibration curve. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to test the clinical value of the nomograms compared with the TNM staging system and D’Amico risk stratification system.Results135183 elderly PC patients in 2010-2018 were included. All patients were randomly assigned to the training set (N=94764) and the validation set (N=40419). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression model analysis revealed that age, race, marriage, histological grade, TNM stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biopsy Gleason score (GS), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were independent risk factors for predicting CSS and OS in elderly patients with PC. The C-index of the training set and the validation set for predicting CSS was 0.883(95%CI:0.877-0.889) and 0.887(95%CI:0.877-0.897), respectively. The C-index of the training set and the validation set for predicting OS was 0.77(95%CI:0.766-0.774)and 0.767(95%CI:0.759-0.775), respectively. It showed that the proposed model has excellent discriminative ability. The AUC and the calibration curves also showed good accuracy and discriminability. The DCA showed that the nomograms for CSS and OS have good clinical potential value.ConclusionsWe developed new nomograms to predict CSS and OS in elderly PC patients. The models have been internally validated with good accuracy and reliability and can help doctors and patients to make better clinical decisions.
Xiaoyaosan Ameliorates Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depression-Like Phenotype by Suppressing A2AR Signaling in the Rat Striatum
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxu , Ma Qingyu , Yang Furong , Li Xiaojuan , Liu Yueyun , Chen Jianbei , Li Lan , Chen Man , Zou Xiaojuan , Yan Li , Chen Jiaxu 
Published: June 2022

Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by pessimism and world-weariness. In our previous study, we found that Xiaoyaosan (XYS) could have antidepressive effects, however the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Several studies have shown that adenosine A (2 A) receptor (A2AR) in the brain is a key point in the treatment of depression. Our present study aimed to investigate the effects of XYS on A2AR signaling in the striatum of rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Ninety-six male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (control, model, negative control, XYS, A2AR antagonist, A2AR antagonist + XYS, A2AR agonist, A2AR agonist + XYS). The rats in the model group, XYS group, A2AR antagonist group and A2AR antagonist + XYS group were subjected to CRS for 3 h a day. The XYS decoction [2.224 g/(kg·d)] was intragastrical administered by oral gavage to the rats in the negative control group, XYS group, A2AR antagonist + XYS group, and A2AR agonist + XYS group. The rats in the A2AR antagonist group and A2AR antagonist + XYS group were treated with SCH 58261 [0.05 mg/(kg·d)], and the rats in the A2AR agonist and A2AR agonist + XYS group were treated with CGS 21680 [0.1 mg/(kg·d)]. These procedures were performed for 21 consecutive days. Behavioral studies including the open field test, elevated plus maze test, sucrose preference test and forced swimming test, were performed to examine depression-like phenotypes. Then, the effects of XYS on CRS- or A2AR agonist-induced striatal subcellular damage, microglial activation and A2AR signaling changes in the striatum were examined. Here, we report that XYS ameliorates depression-like phenotypes (such as body weight loss as well as depression- and anxiety-like behaviors) and improves synaptic survival and growth in the stratum of the CRS rats. Moreover, XYS reduces A2AR activity and suppresses hyper-activation of striatal microglia. The tissue and cellular effects of XYS were similar to those of the known A2AR antagonists. In conclusion, XYS alleviates depression in the CRS rats via inhibiting A2AR in the striatum.
Skeletal Muscle Myofibers Directly Contribute to LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammatory Tone
Authors: Bivona III Joseph J. , Mank Madeleine M. , Stapleton Renee D. , Files D. Clark , Toth Michael J. , Poynter Matthew E. 
Published: June 2022

The abundance, anatomical distribution, and vascularity of skeletal muscle make it a potentially important contributor to local cytokine production and systemic cytokine abundance during inflammatory events. An orchestrated balance between the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators is necessary for proper immune function, yet the contribution of the body’s largest organ system, comprised primarily of skeletal muscle myocytes that fuse to form myofibers, to this process is largely unknown. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) stimulates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to induce the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), by a of myriad cell types. We sought to quantify the influence of myofibers on systemic cytokine concentrations following an acute endotoxemia challenge. To accomplish this, we generated muscle specific conditional knockouts for TLR4 (TLR4SMKO), IL-6 (IL6SMKO), and CCL2 (CCL2SMKO). We administered low concentrations of intravenous LPS (IV LPS) to these receptor and effector knockout mice and collected samples after 3 h. Using gene expression analysis of gastrocnemius muscle and serum cytokine measurements after IV LPS, we determined that deletion of myofiber IL-6 or CCL2 led to a 93% and 57% reduction of these specific cytokines in the systemic circulation, respectively. Myofiber specific TLR4 deletion decreased the expression of IL-6, CCL2, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) in the gastrocnemius muscle. These data indicate the critical involvement and direct contribution of myofibers during the early systemic inflammatory cytokine response to endotoxin.
Effects of Yoga on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Without Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Deng Shilin , Liu Yang , Yin Tiantian 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundType II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a worldwide public health problem. Although it has been empirically established that physical activity is a promising therapeutical approach to the prevention and management of T2DM, the effectiveness of yoga on T2DM has not yet reached an agreement across studies and also needs an updated synthetic examination.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of yoga training on diabetes-related indicators compared with usual care.MethodsThe review protocol of this study has been registered in the PROSPERO with a registration number CRD42021267868. A systematic literature search through electronic databases was conducted to identify yoga-based intervention (i.e., randomized controlled trial [RCT]; e.g., yogic postures, movements, breathing, and meditation) studies reporting outcomes on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and body mass index (BMI). A number of two researchers manually reviewed and assessed each article using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. The literature search identified 296 eligible entries, of which 13 were finalized after screening using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The extracted data (group mean and standard deviation at posttest) were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses. Finally, potential moderators were explored using subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe standardized mean difference for the effects of yoga was significant on HbA1c (MD = −0.47; 95%CI: −0.77, −0.16; Z = 3.02, p = 0.003), FBG (SMD = −0.92; 95%CI: −1.55, −0.29; Z = 2.87, p = 0.004), PPBG (SMD = −0.53; 95%CI: −0.86, −0.21; Z = 3.20, p = 0.001), and TG (SMD = −0.32; 95%CI: −0.54, −0.10; Z = 2.86, p = 0.004). However, yoga effect was not observed on TC (SMD = −0.84; 95%CI: −1.71, 0.04; Z = 1.87, p = 0.06) and BMI (MD = −0.63; 95%CI: −1.42, 0.16; Z = 1.57, p = 0.12).ConclusionThe findings suggest that yoga can improve the biochemical indices of blood glucose and the lipid profile of patients with T2DM. Therefore, yoga can be prescribed as an effective and active complementary treatment for T2DM. However, this study only tested yoga as a short-term treatment. In the future, rigorous RCTs with a larger sample size may be carried out to examine the long-term effect of yoga on T2DM.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=267868, identifier: CRD42021267868.
Reference Values of M-mode Echocardiographic Parameter in Adult Toy Breed Dogs
Authors: Isayama Noriko , Uchimura Yusuke , Sasaki Kenta , Maeda Erika , Takahashi Toshihisa , Watanabe Megumi 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is one of the most common heart diseases in dogs, and there is a dearth of reports that have investigated reference values for left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter corrected for body weight (LVIDDN) exclusively in toy breeds.AnimalsEighty-six client-owned healthy dogs weighing &lt;5 kg, including Toy Poodles, Chihuahuas, Yorkshire Terriers, Papillon, and other small breeds or small mixed breeds (mixed breed, Pomeranian, dachshund, Shih Tzu, and Maltese). In this retrospective single-center study, data were collected from dogs attending clinic for annual checkup between April 2014 and March 2021.Materials and MethodsExperienced echocardiographers performed transthoracic echocardiography, with reference ranges established using healthy dogs. Measurements of body weight (BW), heart rate, and several echocardiographic variables were obtained. The association between BW and echocardiographic parameters was assessed by linear regression analyses. M-mode measurements were obtained and normalized using equations developed from the regression analyses.ResultsThe LVIDDN value for 95% of dogs weighing &lt;5 kg was achieved by dividing the M-mode measurement by BW raised to the power 0.332. The upper limit of the prediction interval for breeds weighing &lt;5 kg was much lower than the value currently applied.ConclusionsWe propose a reference LVIDDN value of ≥1.6 for the diagnosis of stage B2 MMVD in toy breed dogs. The results of our study will guide clinicians in deciding when to start treatment for MMVD in small breed dogs.
teoria política do populismo
Authors: Urbinati Nadia , Paula Guilherme , Amadeo Javier 
Published: June 2022

Populismo é o nome de um fenômeno global cuja precariedade de definição é proverbial. Ele resiste a generalizações e torna os estudiosos da política comparativistas por necessidade, já que sua linguagem e conteúdo estão imbuídos da cultura política da sociedade em que surge. Um rico corpo de análises sócio-históricas nos permite situar o populismo dentro do fenômeno global denominado democracia, já que seu núcleo ideológico é nutrido pelas duas entidades principais – a nação e o povo – que concretizaram a soberania popular na era de democratização. O populismo consiste na transmutação dos princípios democráticos da maioria e do povo de uma forma que visa celebrar um subconjunto do povo em oposição a outro, por meio de um líder que o incorpora e uma audiência que o legitima. Isso pode fazer o populismo colidir com a democracia constitucional, mesmo que seus princípios fundamentais estejam inseridos no universo democrático de significados e linguagem. Neste artigo, ilustro o caráter contextual do populismo e como suas aparências cíclicas refletem as formas do governo representativo. Eu reviso as principais interpretações contemporâneas do conceito e argumento que existe certo acordo básico na atualidade sobre o caráter retórico do populismo e sua estratégia para alcançar o poder em sociedades democráticas. Por fim, esboço as principais características do populismo no poder e explico como ele tende a transformar os fundamentos da democracia: o povo e a maioria, as eleições e a representação.
DINAMIKA SOCIAL PROTECTION POLICY: KEBIJAKAN PEMBERLAKUAN PEMBATASAN KEGIATAN MASYARAKAT (PPKM) ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fitrie Revienda Anita , Pertiwi Vidya Imanuari , Ilman Ghulam Maulana , - Monalisa 
Published: June 2022

This article aims to explore the dynamics of the Policy for the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) as a form of Social Protection Policy. The increase in Covid-19 cases in Indonesia requires the government to take quick action through the Emergency PPKM policy. Indonesia's entry into the 2nd wave of Covid-19 was marked by a significant increase in new additional cases in early July 2021. The implementation of this PPKM then gave rise to various vertical and horizontal dynamics and conflicts in the public sphere which are interesting for further review. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with secondary data collection techniques. Data acquisition is also supported through search results from Google Mobility and Google Trends to strengthen the analysis results. The results of this study explain that the PPKM policy was officially taken by the government to suppress the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia. Its application has proven to be effective in suppressing community mobility. The implementation of PPKM led to panic buying, increased demand for health products, to health facilities such as hospitals and health centers. The implementation of PPKM raises pros and cons, starting from the acceleration of vaccination, the use of the Peduli Protect application, integrated social welfare data to the emergence of the airport mafia. keywords: Covid-19; PPKM; Social Protection Policy;
Sn-incorporation effect on thermoelectric properties of Sb-doped Ge-rich Ge1−x−y
Si
x
Sn
y
epitaxial layers grown on GaAs(001)
Authors: Kurosawa Masashi , Nakata Masaya , Zhan Tianzhuo , Tomita Motohiro , Watanabe Takanobu , Nakatsuka Osamu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate Sn incorporation effects on the thermoelectrical characteristics of n-type Ge-rich Ge1−x−y
Si
x
Sn
y
layers (x ≈ 0.05−0.1, y ≈ 0.03) pseudomorphically grown on semi-insulating GaAs(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Despite the low Sn content of 3%, the Sn atoms play a role in suppressing the thermal conductivity from 13.5 to 9.0 Wm−1 K−1 without degradation of the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. Furthermore, a relatively high power factor (maximum: 14 μW cm−1 K−2 at room temperature) was also achieved for the Ge1−x−y
Si
x
Sn
y
layers, almost the same as the Si1−x
Ge
x
ones (maximum: 12 μW cm−1 K−2 at room temperature) grown with the same conditions. This result opens up the possibility of developing Sn-incorporated group-IV thermoelectric devices.
Kinetic energy of tidal currents in the province of Chubut, Argentina
Authors: Lifschitz Ana Julia , Coiro Domenico , Troise Giancarlo , Giaquinta Horacio , Lazcano Fabio , De Cristofaro Norma 
Published: June 2022

This work is a preliminary study to find some sites for the potential use of tidal stream energy and their associated currents in the Chubut coast. In addition, an evaluation of the energy resource of the Chubut Gulfs is made. The possibility of energetic utilization of the tides is achieved by transforming the displacement movement into a rotation movement by means of a hydrokinetic turbine. The energy can be extracted analogously to that of wind energy; therefore, it is not necessary to build a dam, avoiding the environmental and economic disadvantages it represents. Even though the results presented in this paper have significantly improved our understanding of tidal dynamics in this region, the collection of more observations, particularly in the interior and at the mouths of the Gulfs, is necessary to develop and fully shape tidal potential into power generation in the region.
STRES AKADEMIK MAHASISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA KAMPUS KOTA MADIUN
Authors: MUDJIJANTI FRANSISCA 
Published: June 2022

Abstract: This study aims to obtain an overview of academic stress levels among students of UKWMS Madiun due to online learning during Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used in this study is descriptive quantitative method, with data collection technique using questionnaire in the form of scale. The population of this study were all 777 active students of UKWMS Madiun in the academic year of 2020/2021. The research samples of this study were 220 students, determined by using Isaac and Michael table. The results of this study showed that stress levels among UKWMS Madiun students are 47% experienced mild academic stress, 50% experienced moderate academic stress, and 3% experienced severe academic stress. Keywords: academic stress, online learning, covid-19 pandemic Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran tingkat stres akademik mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi Covid 19 di Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya Kampus Kota Madiun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan alat pengumpul data berupa angket berbentuk skala. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa UKWMS Kampus Madiun yang aktif pada semester genap 2020/2021 sebanyak 777 mahasiswa. Dengan menggunakan tabel Isaac and Michael jumlah sampel ditentukan sebesar 220. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa gambaran tingkat stres akademik mahasiswa UKWMS Kampus Kota Madiun dalam pembelajaran daring selama masa pandemi adalah kategori ringan 47%, kategori sedang 50%, kategori berat 3%. Kata kunci : stres akademik, pembelajaran daring, pandemi covid-19
Coping Stress Konselor Pemula di SMP Negeri 10 Kota Madiun
Authors: Rahayu Dwi Sri 
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran stres, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya dan bagaimana coping stress yang dimiliki oleh konselor pemula di SMP Negeri 10 Kota Madiun. Sampel penelitian adalah guru bimbingan dan konseling di SMP Negeri 10 Kota Madiun yang memiliki masa kerja kurang dari 2 tahun berjumlah 3 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola kualitataif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah wawancara. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan mengguakan teknik Miles and Huberman. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa sampel merasakan stress pada awal masa kerja mereka yang ditunjukan dengan gejala fisik, emosional, interpersonal, dan intelektual. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi stres mereka diantaranya adalah penerimaan rekan sejawat, masalah pribadi di luar pekerjaan yang terbawa ke dunia kerja, serta merasa beban kerja tinggi. Coping stress yang digunakan adalah dengan curhat kepada teman, berupaya menunjukan kepada rekan kerja bahwa dirinya memiliki etos kerja yang mumpuni, memtivasi diri dengan meyakini bahwa menjadi guru BK adalah hal yang membanggakan. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut maka bisa disimpulkan bahwa Konselor pemula memiliki gangguan stres di masa awa karirnya dan mampu mengelola stres yang mereka alami dengan teknik seeking social suport dan positive reinterpretation. Hal ini juga tidak terlepas dari bagaimana upaya konselor senior yang berada di tempat kerja mampu membimbing dan mendukung kinerja junior nya agar bisa melaksanakan tugas profesional secara efektif.
KONFORMITAS INTERNALISASI PESERTA DIDIK TERHADAP PERATURAN SEKOLAH SERTA IMPLIKASINYA DALAM BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING
Authors: Rahmadinur Wisda , Marjohan Marjohan , Syahniar Syahniar 
Published: June 2022

This research was initiated by the condition of students who still have no internalized conformity to school regulation. Basically, each learner has different awareness in conforming school regulation. Some of them do it because of their self-awareness, and others do it because of their anxiety to behave and obey school regulation. The objectives of this research were to describe (1) the internalized conformity of students to school regulation concerning the way they dress, (2) the internalized conformity of students to school regulation concerning the way they behave, (3) internalized conformity to school regulation in conforming, (4) and the difference of internalized conformity to school regulation between male and female students.This research used quantitative approach with descriptive comparative, with 251 students as sample chosen by using proportional random sampling tecnique. The result revealed that the level of internalized conformity of students to school regulation was in medium category. There was a difference of internalized conformity to school regulation between male and female students.
INTERELASI KETERAMPILAN MENULIS DENGAN KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK SISWA DI MTS SURYA BUANA MALANG
Authors: Nafiah Intan Zuhrotun , Mujianto Gigit 
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan 1. Bentuk pemilihan kata yang digunakan oleh peserta didik kelas VIII B dan kelas VIII C setelah menyimak sebuah video. 2. Faktor yang mempengaruhi proses menulis peserta didik setelah menyimak sebuah video, dan 3. Pengaruh keterampilan menyimak dengan keterampilan menulis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif. Data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini berupa hasil tulisan peserta didik dan hasil wawancara dengan pendidik Bahasa Indonesia di Mts Surya Buana Malang. Adapun sumber data yang dalam penelitian ini ialah peserta didik kelas VIII B dan kelas VIII C dan pendidik Bahasa Indonesia di MTs Surya Buana Malang. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah bentuk kalimat yang ditemukan ada dua yakni kalimat tunggal, serta kalimat majemuk setara, tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi proses menulis peserta didik diantaranya ialah kosakata yang dimiliki oleh peseta didik, suasana atau kondisi kelas, serta tingkat kognitif yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing peserta didik. Pengaruh keterampilan menyimak dengan keterampilan menulis adalah meningkatkan pembendaharaan kata yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing peserta didik. Melalui keterampilan menyimak juga memberikan sebuah ide kepada peserta didik dalam menulis sebuah karangan yang sesuai dengan bahan simakan yang telah didengar.