bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African Psychology
Authors: Nwoye Augustine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This book aims to serve as a basic literature in the new field of African psychology as presently constituted in continental Africa. The book is designed to fill a huge void that exists with the persistent absence of a foundational text that evolves from the situated knowledges and experience of continental African realities and postcolonial concerns and is devoted to defining and charting the content and scope of this new field for scholars within and outside Africa. The book consists of a coherent and organically cohesive selection of the author’s key essays, the majority of them published between 2000 and the present in premier international psychological journals on various aspects of continental African psychology, understood as a postcolonial academic discipline. Some of the book’s chapters are new as well. These have been written to anchor and provide a conceptual unity to the book. In terms of content, the book consists of four parts. Part I presents the background to the book. It proposes the Madiban tradition as a framework of inclusion for the study of psychology in African universities. Part II focuses on the epistemological, methodological, and theoretical perspectives in African psychology. Part III introduces the reader to the field of African therapeutics, while Part IV aims to highlight the healing rituals and practices provided to the traumatized in contemporary Africa. The ultimate objective of the book is to give postcolonial Africans a fresh vision of themselves and their psychology and culture.
Research Methodology in African Psychology
Authors: Nwoye Augustine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter highlights the epistemologies, methodologies, and principles of research in African psychology. The chapter argues that the current overemphasis on the use of quantitative approaches in social science research in African universities needs to be reconsidered to accommodate alternative research methodologies that are deemed more suited for the study of lives as lived in Africa. An illustrative sample of categories of qualitative methodologies discussed in the chapter are intended to open the eyes of students and scholars to the enormous promise of the qualitative research approach in African psychology. This in no way implies encouragement for the total replacement of quantitative methodologies with qualitative approaches in African psychological research. What is recommended is an entrenchment of the spirit of inclusivity and bifocality or complementary dualism in the curricula contents of degree programs intended for research training in African psychology.
Statistical Inference in Behavioral Research
Authors: Etz Alexander , Goodman Steven N. , Vandekerckhove Joachim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) has long been a mainstay of scientific research, more in some scientific fields than others. It persists despite numerous calls across multiple scientific disciplines to abandon or at least modify the practice. In 2016, the American Statistical Association issued a statement decrying the use of the “bright line” p &lt; 0.05 criterion as leading to a “considerable distortion of the scientific process.” There are a number of alternatives to NHST that don’t share its logical and practical deficiencies. First among them is Bayesian inference, which can be viewed as both a calculus of evidence and of belief. The Bayesian definition of “evidence” differs profoundly from what the p-value represents. In this chapter, we review deficiencies in NHST and provide an introduction to Bayesian reasoning, with particular attention to its relationship to the truth of scientific claims.
P-hacking
Authors: MacCoun Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of p-hacking occurs when researchers engage in questionable practices that enable them to report findings as being statistically significant. This chapter offers four models of p-hacking behavior—unconditional, strategic, greedy, and restrained—and explores the implications of each model. The author then discusses the implications of recent reforms (routine replication, preregistration, and blinded data analysis) with respect to these models. It seems clear that the set of behaviors that constitute p-hacking are quite consequential for the validity of our research and the perceived legitimacy of our authority as empirical researchers. The models of p-hacking presented here are speculative, but hopefully help shine light on some of the shadier aspects of empirical social science.
Publication Bias in the Social Sciences
Authors: Malhotra Neil , Zigerell L. J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Publication bias is essentially a form of selection bias. If published studies are a non-random and systematically biased sample of the population of conducted studies, then meta-analyses will not be able to recover true population parameters of social phenomena. This chapter discusses two types of publication bias—selection for statistical significance, and selection on inference—and provides evidence that both types of publication bias have occurred in the academic literature. The chapter reviews how these types of publication bias can bias inferences from the literature, and the chapter discusses procedures that authors, journal editors, and others can adopt to limit the negative effects of publication bias.
The Making of Meaning: From the Individual to Social Order
Authors: Luhmann Niklas , Morgner Christian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For the first time, this publication makes available to Anglophone readers a sociology of knowledge and culture as developed by the sociologist and social theorist Niklas Luhmann. Luhmann is typically described as writing only about systems and as such about a topic that sociologists relegate to the annals of history. However, this publication reveals that sociology has acted prematurely, overlooking the rich and detailed sociology of knowledge and culture that on the one hand uses terms like ‘meaning,’ ‘memory,’ and ‘communication’ and on the other is very capable of using such terms in the form of a historical analysis that unravels the making and transformation of key concepts and questions that shape the understanding of modern society, like individuality and individualism, culture and memory, and social class. This theoretical approach and the empirical material as well as the insights drawn from their combination yield rich and surprising results and show a very different image of Luhmann than that of system theorist. As such, this volume will be of great interest to scholars in the field of social theory, sociology of knowledge, and cultural sociology, but also conceptual and cultural history as well as culturally oriented research in the arts and humanities.
Charles Williams and C. S. Lewis
Authors: Fiddes Paul S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study of the literary relationship between Charles Williams and C. S. Lewis during the years 1936–1945 focuses on the theme of ‘co-inherence’ at the centre of their friendship. The idea of co-inherence has long been recognized as an important contribution of Williams to theology, and had significant influence on the thought of Lewis. This account of the two writers’ conviction that human persons ‘inhere’ or dwell both in each other and in the triune God reveals many interrelationships between their writings that would otherwise be missed. It also shows up profound differences between their world views, and a gradual, though incomplete, convergence onto common ground. Exploring the idea of co-inherence throws light on the fictional worlds they created, as well as on their treatment (whether together or separately) of a wide range of theological and literary subjects: the Arthurian tradition, the poetry of William Blake and Thomas Traherne, the theology of Karl Barth, the nature of human and divine love, and the doctrine of the Trinity. This study draws for the first time on transcriptions of Williams’ lectures from 1932 to 1939, tracing more clearly the development and use of the idea of co-inherence in his thought than has been possible before. Finally, an account of the use of the word ‘co-inherence’ in English-speaking theology suggests that the differences between Lewis and Williams, especially on the place of analogy and participation in the human experience of God, might be resolved by a theology of co-inherence in the Trinity.
Together in Oxford, 1939–1945
Authors: Fiddes Paul S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter covers the period when the London branch of the Oxford University Press was moved to Oxford for the duration of the Second World War, and Williams moved with it, allowing him the opportunity to deepen his friendship with Lewis. Differences about the nature of romantic love can be seen in the respective assessments by Williams and Lewis of Passion and Society by Denis de Rougement, while different views of the relation between human culture and spiritual experience are apparent when comparing texts by Lewis and Williams, and some divergence on theodicy also appears. However, the fruits of a common conversation appear in sermons they each preached on ‘The Weight of Glory’. Lewis acknowledges the impact of Williams on the final chapter of his novel Perelandra, portraying the co-inherence of the ‘Great Dance’. We can also detect affinities between Williams’ final novel All Hallows’ Eve and Lewis’ The Great Divorce.
Life after Death, 1945–1963
Authors: Fiddes Paul S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores Lewis’ journey in imagination with Williams after Williams’ death in 1945. In his commentary on Williams’ Arthurian poems, while stressing the idea of co-inherence, Lewis offers a minimal account of Williams’ theology of romantic love; but later he moves deeper into Williams’ romanticism, admitting that human love offers an actual participation in God as well as an analogy of God’s love. This engagement with Williams’ thought reaches a climax in A Grief Observed, showing he has discovered what Williams knew: the emotional tension between believing that excessive pain may be ‘reasonable’ and feeling that it is not ‘tolerable’. In a broadcast Lewis hints that the ‘strange place’ that Williams wrote about could become a route to Lewis’ own land of heart’s desire. But we are left with a question about how much Lewis has come to share Williams’ understanding of romantic theology, despite his adoption of the vision of co-inherence.
Charles Williams and the Promise of Co-inherence
Authors: Fiddes Paul S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile Williams fails fully to work out the idea of human co-inherence within the Holy Trinity, the potential for this is expressed in several writings. For instance, the image of ‘the land of the Trinity’ carries an implication of ‘dwelling’ in the Trinity, and there is also promise of this development in Williams’ earlier theology of romantic love. But the kind of co-inherence that Beatrice exemplifies in The Figure of Beatrice is simply being ‘in Christ’ who is Love itself, rather than participating in trinitarian relations of love. In the principles of The Company of the Co-inherence, the realm of active practices in the Christian life is detached from contemplation of the co-inherent Trinity, and so separated from a participation in the Trinity. The chapter nevertheless detects hints of a full view of human co-inherence in the relations of the Trinity in Williams’ later writings.
C. S. Lewis and the Idea of Co-inherence
Authors: Fiddes Paul S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOutside Lewis’ extensive use of the word ‘co-inherence’ in his account of Williams’ Arthurian poems, it appears only in his letters, but this chapter argues that—like Williams—Lewis ‘shows’ co-inherence. He does this through metaphors, adding the dimension to co-inherence that seems lacking in Williams—an ‘indwelling’ of finite beings in the infinite Trinity. Until his late work, Lewis only finds an analogy between human passion and divine love, but once a human nature has become ‘supernatural’ through union with Christ, it participates in the relations of the Trinity in a way that Williams does not articulate. Lewis goes even further in Perelandra, giving the impression that everybody and every body participates in the life of the Trinity. Thus, he exhibits a tension between metaphors that show co-inherence and concepts that run counter to it. Finally, however, Lewis arrives at co-inherence between human and divine presences in the world.
C. S. Lewis and a New Turn to Charles Williams
Authors: Fiddes Paul S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJust as there is a tension between metaphor and concept in Lewis’ writing, some metaphors in Lewis hold a similar tension within themselves. The metaphor of ‘begetting’ sons and daughters of God, among others, can be used to show a co-inherence of created beings in the life of God. But these images can also open a gulf between a life that is created (Bios) and one that is generated by God (Zoe). Unlike Williams’ rejection of ‘twofold’ human nature, a dualism remains in Lewis. The creation of myths in his fiction, however, allows him to show co-inherence imaginatively. In Lewis’ final writing, we find a turning to Williams’ thought in a presentation of the relation of God and the world which is like co-inherence. There is thus an alignment with Williams’ understanding of the immanence of God, just as we saw earlier an approximation to Williams’ theology of romantic love.
The Impossible Possibility
Authors: Fiddes Paul S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe word ‘coinherence’ made an early entrance in a lecture that Williams gave on the theologian Karl Barth in 1939. Williams’ fascination with Barth’s phrase ‘impossible possibility’ mingles with his own notion of ‘co-inherence’ to produce an original perspective on Barth’s commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. First, Williams aligns Barth’s ‘impossible possibility’ of the divine call with the ‘Beatrician moment’ when the lover ‘sees’ the beloved in glory. Second, he takes up Barth’s stress on the ‘impossible possibility’ of a life of faith, and generalizes it into many human experiences. Third, Williams recalls Barth’s recognition of the ‘impossible possibility’ of communion with Christ in the present moment—a Kierkegaardian theme—and asserts that co-inherence offers a resolution. Finally, he interprets Barth’s vision of the church as an ‘impossible possibility’ as a co-inherence in Christ. All this confirms recent Barth scholarship on the difference of Barth’s dialectic from Kierkegaard’s.
The Poetics of Desire in Thomas Traherne and C. S. Lewis
Authors: Fiddes Paul S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter uses citations by Lewis from Thomas Traherne to show that the idea of desire had a powerful effect on the poetics of both writers, and that it shapes Lewis’ approach to ‘co-inherence’. For both writers, desire is the longing for something unknown, although Lewis writes about a joy that remains unsatisfied and Traherne about joy satisfied. For both writers, this desire is an enlargement of the self, which amounts to a co-inherence with others and God. For both writers, desire is worship, returning the beauty of the world in praise to God, while Lewis is less ready to follow Traherne’s view of human creativity as contributing something ‘new’ to God’s own creation. The chapter argues that, despite his admiration for Wordsworth, for Lewis joy is based in a Trahernian poetics of desire, and that Traherne’s longing for a ‘far country’ is reflected in the Chronicles of Narnia.
Between Added Value and Untapped Potential: The Boards of Appeal in the Field of EU Financial Regulation
Authors: Chamon Merijn , Fromage Diane 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature of the Boards of Appeal (BoAs) of EU financial agencies and the type of review they offer. It describes the different operation of the Joint Board of Appeal (JBoA) of the European Supervisory Authorities (ESA) and of the Appeal Panel (AP) of the Single Resolution Board (SRB).. The chapter analyses their decisions, which are binding and which follow appeal procedures that need to be exhausted before a procedure may be started before the EU Courts. It provides a comparative analysis of the JBoA and the AP, and assesses their suitability in providing effective and swift remedy to individuals.
The Board of Appeal of the European Chemicals Agency at a Crossroads
Authors: Volpato Annalisa , Mullier Eléonore 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the Board of Appeal (BoA) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). It presents the legal framework for its activities and its role in shaping EU chemicals law, assessing how it adopts its decisions and exercises its powers. Moreover, it discusses the standard of review exercised by the ECHA BoA and its relationship with the CJEU, reflecting on recent developments which appear to cast a shadow over the actual realization of the full potential of the ECHA BoA as an expertise-based adjudicatory mechanism and, consequently, on its added value in comparison to a review exercised directly by the Court.
Hidden Administrative Review in EU Law: The BoAs of EU Agencies in the Common Foreign and Security Policy
Authors: Butler Graham 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter refers to the Boards of Appeal (BoAs) of EU agencies within the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). It analyses the CFSP as a peculiar area of EU law, notwithstanding that it is fully inside the EU legal order. It discusses how Member States (and the Council) have consistently attempted to shield matters related to the CFSP from the scope of judicial review by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The chapter highlights the mindset of separateness of the CFSP, which applies to the way in which law-making is carried out, and to the actions of the small number of agencies within the field. It features the four BoAs in total: the European Defence Agency (EDA), the European Union Satellite Centre (SatCen), the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), and the Western European Union (WEU).
Judicial and Extra-Judicial Review: The Quest for Epistemic Certainty
Authors: Krajewski Michał 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Litigants have recently called in question the limited extent to which EU boards of appeal delve into contentious empirical appraisals adopted by the respective agencies. This chapter explores the review technique of the EU Courts and several boards of appeal engaged in empirically complex cases decided between 2014 and 2018. It argues that neither the EU Courts nor the boards of appeals can perform a fully autonomous and exhaustive check of the contested empirical appraisals. Due to their institutional and procedural limitations, they struggle with epistemic uncertainty in regulatory fields in which decisions must be made despite persisting data gaps or the lack of rigorous scientific or technical methodologies. This conclusion leads to fundamental questions regarding the rule of law’s requirements in relation to the contentious and uncertain empirical basis of a growing number of EU legal acts and the normative functions of EU judicial and extra-judicial review.
Introduction
Authors: Som Lalita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The chapter outlines the state of play of state capitalism—the contribution of state-owned enterprises to the world GDP, employment, and output, their rankings in the top companies of the world, the evolution of thinking on state capitalism, and the reasons behind state ownership, state capitalism, and its different instruments. The influence of Washington consensus, the global financial crisis, and COVID-19 pandemic on state ownership is discussed. China’s rise is analysed through state capitalism and the developmental state. The chapter also outlines the evolution of thinking on state capitalism, the performance of SOEs and SOBFIs since 2012.
Country case study 1: Brazil
Authors: Som Lalita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The unique features of Brazilian State capitalism include (a) a combination of governmental control of traditional SOEs, with the same SOEs being minority shareholders in a large number of supposedly private corporations, and (b) the noticeable exercise of shareholder activism by State-controlled institutional investors both in private and public companies. SOEs experience a clear conflict between the social and political objectives of the government as a controlling shareholder, on one hand, and the interests of minority investors, on the other. Government control over banks has also led to a significant influence of political considerations over firms’ decisions. The creeping influence of the State and public officials has been responsible for the main public corruption scandals of the last decade. The quasi-fiscal activities of these SOEs have had various side effects, including imposing significant costs on the SOEs themselves, suppressing demand for alternative competing products, reducing incentives for improving efficiency, and increasing environmental costs.
Country case study 2: China
Authors: Som Lalita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Chinese State has defended its proactive role by providing not only the capital-intensive investments needed by the private sector to grow but also in creating an entrepreneurial role for itself with a bold vision and targeted investment. It has successfully envisaged the risk space in the international markets and has operated effectively within it to facilitate the entry of Chinese private companies. This has amplified the importance of key SOEs in Chinese growth. Yet the large presence of firms which have survived through their political connections especially to local government interests now pose a threat to the State becoming beholden to local interests. The State also runs the risk of becoming a poor imitator of private sector behaviours, because it is unwilling to curb the monopoly privileges given to some SOEs, thus creating entrenched vested interests in continuing State ownership. Deficiencies in China’s market infrastructure continue to prevent the government from fully allowing market forces to run the economy. The government will, therefore, continue to play an important role in China’s transformation.
Country case study 4: Indonesia
Authors: Som Lalita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Since 2000 the objective of the Ministry of SOEs has been to transform SOEs from being bloated, inefficient, resource-absorbing behemoths that encourage unbridled corruption, into becoming significant contributors to the Indonesian economy. Since 2014, SOEs have been a key plank in the government’s infrastructure and development strategy. The historical legacy that governed the establishment of SOEs, and bestowed political privileges on them, resulted in the emergence of powerful constituencies with vested interests aligned with the political structure of the Indonesian State. Despite many efforts at opening up the economy since the early 1980s, Indonesia’s developmental ethos has still continued to be dominated by highly nationalistic state-led development attitudes and priorities with a consequent reluctance to cede State ownership/control of key state assets and enterprises.