bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
أبعاد التنظيم التشريعي للعملات الإلكترونية والافتراضية في مصر وفرنسا
Authors: محمد عبد اللطيف محمد 
Published: February 2022

لا يتوقف تطور التكنولوجيا الرقمية عند حد، فنراه قد تدخل في مجالات عديدة، ومنها المجال المالي، وأثمر تطبيقها عن ظهور طائفة جديدة من العملات التي اتخذت نوعين أساسيين هما: العملات الإليكترونية، والعملات الافتراضية أو المشفَّرة. وقد انتشر استخدام هذه العملات كثيرًا حتى من قبل أن يتدخل القانون لتنظيمها الأمر الذي يثير التساؤل عن موقف القانون من استخدامها.
وإذا كان القانون لا يقف مانعًا من تطبيق تطورات التكنولوجيا ويضع فقط مجرد إطار لتنظيم تطبيقها؛ فإن موقفه قد تغير من العملات الإلكترونية والافتراضية بالنظر لوجود مبادئ دستورية صارمة تحول دون الاعتراف بها بوصفها عملات قانونية. وقد تجلى هذا الرفض بشكل قاطع بالنسبة للعملات الافتراضية في معظم بلدان العالم، وسوف نعرض بطبيعة الحال أهم الأسباب القانونية لهذا الرفض.
أما بالنسبة للعملات الإلكترونية فقد نظمها المشرع في عدد من الدول ومنها مصر وفرنسا ليس بوصفها عملات بالمعنى القانوني المحدد، ولكن بوصفها أدوات للدفع. وجاء التنظيم التشريع هنا واسعًا يغطي عددًا كبيرًا من النقط مثل المؤسسات المعنية وعملية الإصدار وحقوق الحائزين للعملاء.
نقترح في هذا البحث دراسة التنظيم التشريعي للعملات الإلكترونية والعملات الافتراضية، وموقف القانون والقضاء من هذه العملات في كل من مصر وفرنسا وأيضًا في قانون الاتحاد الأوروبي. ومن الملاحظ أن التنظيم التشريعي للعملات الإلكترونية في القانون الفرنسي وقانون الاتحاد الأوروبي بدأ مبكرًا بدءًا من التسعينيات من القرن الماضي بينما التدخل التشريعي في القانون المصري لم يبدأ إلا حديثًا في العام 2020.
وسوف نعرض لهذه الدراسة من خلال بحث موقف الدستور من العملات الإلكترونية والافتراضية، وموقف التشريع من تكييف هذه العملات، وأخيرًا التنظيم التشريعي للعملات الإلكترونية والافتراضية.
PENGARUH LATIHAN SPEED DAN AGILITY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KECEPATAN TENDANGAN SAMPING PADA ATLET PENCAK SILAT PUTRA PERGURUAN PERSILATAN SALAM TAHUN 2020
Authors: Yakin Riski Berkat , Hasibuan Muhammad Nustan 
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan speed dan agility terhadap peningkatan kecepatan tendangan samping pada atlet pencak silat putra perguruan persilatan salam. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain pre-test dan post-test one group desain. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 25 0rang, dan sampel yang diambil berjumlah 7 orang diambil dengan cara sampeling purposive. Penelitian ini dilakukan 18 kali pertemuan sebanyak 3 kali dalam satu minggu selama 6 minggu. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan ada peningkatan kemampuan kecepatan tendangan samping setelah mendapatkan perlakuan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji-t, dengan hasil hipotesis pada latihan speed dan agility terhadap peningkatan kecepatan tendangan samping diperoleh t-hitung= 2,54 serta t-tabel = 2,44 dengan α = 0,05 (t-hitung > t-tabel) berarti H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Kesimpulan dari latihan Speed dan agility yaitu terdapat pengaruh latihan Speed dan agility terhadap peningkatan kecepatan tendangan samping pada atlet pencak silat putra perguruan persilatan salam tahun 2020.
PENGEMBANGAN VARIASI LATIHAN TEKNIK DASAR PENJAGA GAWANG HOCKEY TAHUN 2020
Authors: Bangun Feristiwa Hadinata Putra , Ibrahim  
Published: February 2022

Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan variasi latihan penjaga gawang hockey tahun 2020. Metode penelitian dan pengembangan research and development (R&D) ini di sertai dengan pendekatan kualitatif. instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah a. Telaah para pakar/ ahli. Hasil pengembangan dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Diperlukan variasi latihan penjaga gawang hockey yang dikembangkan agar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan teknik penjaga gawangatlet. Dengan variasi latihan yang dikembangkan atlet yang berlatih lebih efektif dan lebih efesien. Dengan variasi latihan penjaga gawang yang dikembangkan atlet lebih termotivasi dalam suasana kompetitif. Dengan pengembangan variasi latihan penjaga gawang ini atlet lebih termotivasi untuk mendapatkan variasi-variasi baru khususnya dalam penjaga gawang hockey tahun 2020. dengan adanya pengembangan variasi-variasi latihan penjaga gawangini diharapkan dapat mengembangkan variasi-variasi penjaga gawang hockeydalam berlatih atau bertanding. Dengan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan atlet harus lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam memainkan variasi-variasi latihan penjaga gawang dalam permainan hockey yang lain.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM PELAYANAN AIR MINUM OLEH PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM GIRI TIRTA KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Nasichin Moch. , Hidayati Nurul 
Published: February 2022

Masyarakat Kabupaten Gresik selaku pelanggan air minum seringkali hak-haknya tidak terpenuhi oleh PDAM Giri Tirta Kabupaten Gresik, namun pelanggan tetap dituntut membayar tagihan air dan dikenai sanksi apabila terlambat membayar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam pelayanan air minum PDAM Giri Tirta dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa terhadap kelalaian pelayanan PDAM Giri Tirta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan meneliti peraturan perundangan khususnya UUPK dan bahan pustaka lain terkait perlindungan konsumen air minum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum ada bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap pelanggan PDAM Giri Tirta yang mengacu pada UUPK. Penyelesaian sengketa konsumen selama ini dilakukan secara damai antara pelanggan dengan PDAM Giri Tirta. Namun apabila pelanggan belum merasa puas atas penyelesaian sengketa oleh PDAM Giri Tirta, pelanggan dapat menyelesaikan sengketanya melalui lembaga pengadilan atau badan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen (BPSK).Ã‚Â Kata Kunci: Air Minum, Konsumen, PDAM, UUPK.
ASPEK YURIDIS HAK ASUH ANAK AKIBAT PERCERAIAN ORANG TUA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN DAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK (StudiKasusPerkara No. 098/Pdt.G/2017/PA.Gs)
Authors: Arkisman Arkisman , Hadi Ichsanul 
Published: February 2022

Putusnya suatu perkawinan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap (inkracht van gewijsde), Masalahan yang diteliti adalah bagaimana alas an dalam pemberian hak asuh anak akibat perceraian orang tua berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan UndangÃ¢â‚¬â€œUndang Perlindungan Anak, penelitian hukum ini adalah penelitian hukum normative atau doktrinal. Penelitian hukum ini, dikonsepkan sebagai apa yang tertulis di dalam peraturan Perundang-undangan (Low In Books) Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan-bahan pustaka atau data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tertier. Gugatan perceraian yang dilakukanseorang suami dan isteri menimbulkan akibat terhadap anak-anaknya baik secara moril maupun materiil. Akibat dari perceraian yang pada umumnya sering timbul adalah tentang hadhanah atau yang bisa dikenal dengan Hak Asuh Anak. Apabila anak sudah mumayyiz (berumur 12 tahun) hendaklah diselidiki oleh yang berwajib siapakah di antara kedua orang tuanya yang lebih baik dan lebih cakap untuk mendidik anak tersebut.Ã‚Â Kata kunci : Hak Asuh, Nafkah, Perceraian.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA INSANI PADA BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH
Authors: Sari Linda , Muhtadi Ridan , Mansur Mansur 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This study will analyze the human resource management at PT. BPRS Sarana Prima Mandiri Pamekasan in terms of recruitment and selection, training and employee development as well as employee performance appraisals.
Methods: The research methodology used by researchers is descriptive qualitative which will explain the events and circumstances in detail and perfectly with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation.
Results: This research is deemed necessary considering that the development of Islamic banking in Indonesia is relatively fast but is still not balanced with adequate human resources, both in quality and quantity. and one of the company's mission is supported by human resources.
Conclusion and suggestion: This study indicates that human resource management at PT. BPRS Sarana Prima Mandiri (SPM) Pamekasan in terms of recruitment and selection is in accordance with sharia theory. Likewise, the work appraisal process is in accordance with the Islamic concept. However, in the training and development process, according to researchers, there is still a lack of material balance, namely between the material of Tauhid (Akhlak), Shari'ah, and Muamalah which is conveyed to employees when the training is carried out.
Keywords: Islamic banking, recruitment and selection, training and development, employee performance appraisal.
ANALISIS PENGARUH NILAI SPIRITUAL ZAKAT TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MUZAKKI MELALUI PERILAKU IHSAN
Authors: Billah Zahida I’tisoma 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The importance of this research so that Muslim entrepreneurs realize the importance of obligations in issuing business zakat. And after they give zakat, it is expected that their behavior will be better in everyday life, especially in doing business so that they have a sociopreneurship entrepreneurial spirit. Therefore, the establishment of entrepreneur sociopreneurship through different activities by exploring spiritual values in issuing zakat is applied in business activities.
Methods: The analysis method in this research uses quantitative approach with measurement method using path analysis. The population used in this study was taken randomly, namely in the entrepreneurs in the field of culinary, services, and fashion in the city of Malang through the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Malang City. The number of samples amounted to the number of questions contained in the questionnaire multiplied by 5 which amounted to 110 entrepreneurs. With this approach, muzakki (entrepreneurs) are given a statement about spiritual motivation in issuing zakat in the form of values contained in zakat, namely: 1) the value of tawhid, 2) the value of humanity, 3) the value of belief in the existence of life after death.
Results: Based on this, the results found in the field and measurement using the analysis of the path, that the spiritual value of zakat can have a direct effect on the welfare of muzakki with a coefficient of determination of 0.64 while the indirect influence of spiritual value of zakat on the welfare of muzakki through ihsan behavior with a coefficient of determination of 0.38 because the person who spends zakat does not really understand the essence of spiritual value contained in zakat. Factors of wealth, descent, culture, education and the environment that make up a person is very determined in issuing zakat.

Keywords: spiritual value of zakat, Ihsan behavior, welfare
DAMPAK PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN UMKM SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Dofiri Dhoqi , Istianah Istianah , Muhtadi Ridan 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The background of study is stimulated by the existance of micro-financing by using al-murabahah agreement at PT BRI Syariah branch of Bangkalan which is distributed to business people on level of medium, small and micro who need loan as the additional venture capital. Based on the explanation above, the research problems are; the condition of UMKM customers at BRI Syariah, especially the bangkalan people and the influence of Murabahah financing conducted by BRI Syariah on UMKM people in Bangkalan
Methods: The study applies the quantitative design in which the data collecting technique used are documentation, interview and questionnaire. Data analysis and processing technique used are SPSS which consist of simple linear regression, correlation test, t-test and excel percentage. The implementation time of this research was carried out in October 2020.
Results: The result of the study are: (1) the actors of medium, small and micro business level in bangkalan have taken the murabahah financing at PT. BRI Syariah branch of Bangkalan as the additional venture capital that they has run, and (2) murabahah financing at PT. BRI Syariah branch of Bangkalan is very influential on the development of UMKM people in Bangkalan. It can be measure by the increasing of the income as 236%.
Keywords: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), al-murabahah finance, income, UMKM development.
2021/36 No discrimination of reduced hours employees (DK)
Authors: Clasen Christian K. 
Published: February 2022

2021/36 No discrimination of reduced hours employees (DK)
In four recent cases, the Danish Eastern High Court addressed the question of whether it was indirect disability discrimination to dismiss four reduced hours employees (fleksjobbere) as part of a cost-saving process because they lacked essential core skills. The High Court ruled in favour of the employer, stating that the employer was not required to maintain the employees’ employment as it would be incompatible with the new demands for qualifications caused by the cutbacks. Consequently, the dismissals did not constitute indirect disability discrimination.
2021/38 An employee can be both a permanent and a fixed-term employee with the same employer at the same time (IR)
Authors: O’Mahoney Sarah 
Published: February 2022

2021/38 An employee can be both a permanent and a fixed-term employee with the same employer at the same time (IR)
The Irish High Court has determined that, pursuant to the definitions of ‘employment contract’ and ‘fixed-term employee’ in the Protection of Employees (Fixed-Term Work) Act 2003 (the ‘2003 Act’), a permanent employee temporarily upgrading to a more senior role on a fixed-term basis, was entitled to protection under the 2003 Act as a fixed-term employee despite the fact that he had the right to revert to his substantive terms and conditions as a permanent employee. The Court held that Council Directive 1999/70/EC on fixed-term work (the ‘Directive’) was not only concerned with an employee’s entitlement to continued employment, but also the nature, quality and terms and conditions of that employment. While Member States have the discretion to provide more favourable treatment to a broader category of employees than the Directive required, they could not define terms left undefined in the Directive or framework agreement on fixed-term contracts so as to arbitrarily exclude certain categories of workers from protection as ‘fixed-term workers’.
2021/39 Lapse of the right to paid annual leave: how does Max Planck apply to a manager? (NL)
Authors: van der Stel Tessa 
Published: February 2022

2021/39 Lapse of the right to paid annual leave: how does Max Planck apply to a manager? (NL)
The Arnhem Court of Appeal has examined whether an employee was reasonably able to take leave, applying the ECJ’s Max Planck and Kreuziger judgments. According to the Court, the employer did not violate its obligation to inform the employee regarding the lapse of the right to paid annual leave. The Court stated that the employee was reasonably able to take leave, despite being incapacitated for work due to sickness. The Court ruled that the employee was not entitled to an allowance in lieu of untaken paid annual leave, as the right to such leave had lapsed.
2021/40 School director and loss of right to leave due to non-fulfilment of duties (RO)
Authors: Suciu Andreea , Mănăilă Teodora 
Published: February 2022

2021/40 School director and loss of right to leave due to non-fulfilment of duties (RO)
The Dolj Tribunal has ascertained that a former employee, while acting as school director, by not fulfilling her obligations to schedule the annual leave of school teachers, including herself, cannot claim against the school as the employer for not providing the opportunity to take the annual leave or to inform of the possibility of losing such right. Furthermore, such actions of the former director will lead to the loss of the right to request compensation in case of termination of employment.
Tweede evaluatie van de Wet afbreking zwangerschap
Authors: Ploem M.C. , Krol E. , Legemaate J. , Winter H.B. 
Published: February 2022

Tweede evaluatie van de Wet afbreking zwangerschap. Wat gaat de wetgever met de principiële kwesties doen?
In 2019-2020 werd de Wet afbreking zwangerschap (Wafz) voor de tweede keer geëvalueerd. In hun bijdrage staan de auteurs (die het evaluatieonderzoek uitvoerden) met name stil bij twee belangrijke thema’s van de evaluatie: de reikwijdte van de wet; en besluitvorming over abortus. Hun hoofdconclusie is dat er op dit moment geen aanleiding is de wet als zodanig op de schop te nemen. Niettemin zijn er op korte termijn wel belangrijke reparaties van de Wafz nodig, zoals ten aanzien van de buitengrenzen van de wet en de beraadtermijn.
Kroniek rechtspraak Europees recht 2019-2021
Authors: Groot N.A.D. , Verduijn M.A.M. , Rijken J.J. 
Published: February 2022

Kroniek rechtspraak Europees recht 2019-2021
Deze kroniek bevat een overzicht van de rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (HvJ EU) en het Gerecht van de Europese Unie (Gerecht EU) op het gebied van het gezondheidsrecht in de afgelopen twee jaar. De precieze kroniekperiode is 1 april 2019 tot 1 november 2021.
Cilostazol induces angiogenesis and regulates oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner: A chorioallantoic membrane study
Authors: Etli Mustafa , Karahan Oğuz , Akkaya Özgür , Basri Savaş Hasan 
Published: February 2022

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of cilostazol on angiogenesis and oxidative stress using the chorioallantoic membrane model.
Methods: In this experimental study, the Ross 308 chick embryos were used. The negative control group (n=10) received no intervention. The positive control group (n=10) consisted of eggs treated with epidermal growth factor for inducing angiogenesis. Three cilostazol groups were designed with 10-7 (n=10), 10-6 (n=10), and 10-5 (n=10) M concentrations. Each egg was punctured on the sixth day of incubation, and drug pellets were introduced to the positive control and drug groups at the prespecified doses. Vascular development was evaluated on the eighth day of application. The total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stress index levels were determined from albumen liquids obtained with a syringe before and after drug application.
Results: Lower oxidative stress index levels were obtained from the positive control and cilostazol groups compared to the negative control albumens (p=0.001). The increments in vascular junctions and newly developed vascular nodules were evaluated in drug-free and drug-applied chorioallantoic membranes. The highest activity was obtained in the 10-7 M concentration cilostazol group. An increased angiogenic activity was detected in all drug groups in each concentration compared to the negative control group (p=0.001). Angiogenic activity was similar in all the cilostazol-treated groups (p=0.43).
Conclusion: Cilostazol has a positive stimulant effect on angiogenesis and it seems to suppress oxidative stress during embryonic growth. Cilostazol exerts these effects significantly and similarly at different doses.
Avaliação do tempo de retenção celular e da concentração do esgoto na remoção biológica de nutrientes: remoção de nutrientes em reatores em batelada sequencial
Authors: Ó Kely Dayane Silva do , Sousa José Tavares de , Canto Catarina Simone Andrade do , Henrique Israel Nunes , Leite Valderi Duarte , Lopes Wilton Silva 
Published: February 2022

A remoção biológica de nitrogênio e fósforo têm sido eficientemente alcançada no tratamento de esgotos utilizando reatores em bateladas sequenciais (RBS). No entanto, a biodesfosfatação e desnitrificação heterotrófica ocorrem quando há carbono orgânico disponível em proporções estequiométricas, dentre outros fatores, como a idade de lodo e o tempo das fases aeróbia, anaeróbia e anóxica. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de dois RBS na remoção biológica de nutrientes de esgoto com diferentes concentrações, sob diferentes tempos de retenção celular (TRC) e tempos de ciclo. Para isso, dois sistemas experimentais foram operados em paralelo: sistema 1 teve como afluente esgoto concentrado; e no sistema 2 o afluente foi esgoto moderado. Em ambos os experimentos foram utilizados dois RBS com tempos de ciclo de 24 e 8 h e o TRC de 12 e 5 dias, respectivamente para R1 e R2. No experimento 1 foram observadas eficiências médias de remoção no R1 de 60%, 42% e 81%, e de 83%, 80% e 35% no R2, respectivamente para fósforo total, ortofosfato e nitrogênio. Para o experimento 2, as eficiências médias de remoção de fósforo total, ortofosfato e nitrogênio foram respectivamente de 47%, 43% e 83% (R1) e 56%, 54% e 33% (R2). De modo geral, a biodesfosfatação foi realizada com melhor desempenho no reator R2, quando o sistema foi operado com esgoto concentrado, enquanto os processos de nitrificação/desnitrificação foram realizados com maior eficiência no reator R1, também quando este tratava esgoto concentrado. Além disso, as relações DQO/P (55,0 a 65,0) e DQO/N (6,0 a 9,0) comprovaram que, em ambos os experimentos, havia matéria orgânica suficiente para que os processos de remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo ocorressem de forma adequada nos sistemas de lodos ativados.
Kuml
Authors: Nielsen Karl Martin 
Published: February 2022

KUML
In a number of Danish and Swedish runic inscriptions the word kumbl or kuml is found in the phrase gærþi kumbl þøsi, "made this monument". In Danish inscriptions it stands, with a single exception, in the plural, while it occurs in addition in the genitive singular on two Danish rune stones, in the old formula niut kumbls.
The Danish runologists, P. G. Thorsen and Ludvig Wimmer, are of the opinion that the word in the old formula designates the burial tumulus, and that the plural form is used to cover the tumulus and the rune stone in association. This use of the plural form is odd, while only one certain example is known of a rune stone standing on a tumulus containing a contemporary burial.
From the use of the word in Nordic and in other Germanic languages we can conclude that the basic meaning of kumbl is "sign, monument by means of which an object is distinguished or emphasized". The plural form used on the rune stones must consequently designate several monuments of some sort, and these can only be several erected stones.
The majority of Danish runic monuments no longer stand in their original position, but a small number have survived consisting of one (or more) rune stones in association with other stones bearing no inscriptions. The inscriptions also mention such compound monuments directly, some having the plural "stones"; in Swedish inscriptions the plural mærki, "monuments", also occurs. In addition to the normal association, gærþi kumbl, the combinations resþi or satti kumbl are also found; the use of the verbs "raise" and "set", which normally have "stone" as their object, supports the explanation put forward here.
The singular form in the formula niut kumbls may just as well designate the rune stone as the burial tumulus, while the meaning of kuml where it occurs in the sagas, which has been used to support the earlier explanation, cannot be determined with certainty.
The interpretation of kuml which is put forward here is linguistically simple. It is derived from the basic meaning, while the significance of the plural in relation to the singular is perfectly standard. Monuments consisting of several erected stones do in actual fact occur, and they are directly mentioned in the inscriptions.
Karl Martin Nielsen