bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammalian octopus cells are direction selective to frequency sweeps by excitatory synaptic sequence detection
Authors: Lu Hsin-Wei , Smith Philip H. , Joris Philip X. 
Published: October 2022

Octopus cells are remarkable projection neurons of the mammalian cochlear nucleus, with extremely fast membranes and wide-frequency tuning. They are considered prime examples of coincidence detectors but are poorly characterized in vivo. We discover that octopus cells are selective to frequency sweep direction, a feature that is absent in their auditory nerve inputs. In vivo intracellular recordings reveal that direction selectivity does not derive from across-frequency coincidence detection but hinges on the amplitudes and activation sequence of auditory nerve inputs tuned to clusters of hot spot frequencies. A simple biophysical octopus cell model excited with real nerve spike trains recreates direction selectivity through interaction of intrinsic membrane conductances with the activation sequence of clustered excitatory inputs. We conclude that octopus cells are sequence detectors, sensitive to temporal patterns across cochlear frequency channels. The detection of sequences rather than coincidences is a much simpler but powerful operation to extract temporal information.
Formation of ultracold singlet ground state 39K87Rb molecules via Feshbach-optimized photoassociation
Authors: Yu Zong-Han , Si Bo-Wen , Sun Zhi-Xin , Lyu Bing-Kuan , Cong Shu-Lin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We investigate theoretically the formation of ultracold 39K87Rb molecules on the lowest vibrational level of singlet ground electronic X
1Σ+ state via the Feshbach-optimized photoassociation. The probability density of colliding atomic pair at the short-range interatomic separation is significantly enhanced near Feshbach resonances. Due to the limitation of transition selection rule, the direct transition between singlet and triplet electronic states is forbidden. The electronic spin–orbit couplings between excited electronic states are used to transfer the population from the triplet electronic state to the singlet electronic state. By using the magnetic field and four laser pulses, the colliding 39K and 87Rb atoms near a magnetically induced Feshbach resonance are converted into the 39K87Rb molecule. The final population on the lowest vibrational level of the X
1Σ+ state reaches 0.02126.
Study of bound and resonant states of NS molecule in the R-matrix approach
Authors: Iacob Felix , Meltzer Thomas , Mezei János Zsolt , Schneider Ioan F , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The bound and resonance states along with corresponding autoionization widths for nitrogen sulphide (NS) molecule are determined using electron NS+ cation scattering calculations. The calculations are performed for 2Σ+, 2Π and 2Δ total symmetries using the ab initio R-matrix method for both bound and continuum states. Calculations are performed on a grid of 106 points for internuclear separations between 1.32 and 3 Å. The resonance states yield dissociative potential curves which, when considered together with their widths, provide input for models of different electron-cation collision processes including dissociative recombination (DR), and rotational and vibrational excitation. Curves and couplings which will lead directly to DR are identified.
Parametric investigation on laser interaction with polyimide for graphene synthesis towards flexible devices
Authors: Singh Arpit Kumar , Shiby Sooraj , Sahu Anshu , Pachori Piyush , Tanwar Manushree , Kumar Rajesh , Palani I A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Graphene, is one of the prominent materials in device fabrication due to its high conductive and high flexural strength for electrodes/device applications. The latest technique for graphene synthesis i.e. carbonization of polyimide by laser patterning has received much attention because of its capability to create various functional materials and flexible devices. The requirement of graphene demands larger volume production where laser-induced graphene (LIG) by consideration of pulse overlap could prove to be the solution if a recipe is prepared through appropriate optimization. The present study focused on the CO2 laser (λ = 10.6 µm) interaction with polyimide by generating raster pattern with varying pulse overlap in linear direction. The raster pattern is fabricated at different laser energies and pulse overlap with a constant 30% line overlap between two consecutive lines, in the lateral direction, for synthesizing LIG at relatively low laser power. Various combinations of laser fluences (46 J cm−2, 56 J cm−2, 66 J cm−2) and pulse spot overlap (60%, 70%, and 80%) were used for the polyimide carbonization. Both experimental and numerical simulation (using ComsolTM) results present an insight that optimal control of laser pulse overlap shows significant effect on crystallinity and electrical resistivity of synthesized graphene. The macroscopic quality of the raster pattern is investigated through the optical microscope. Detailed Raman spectro-microscopic analysis is carried out to study the defect to graphenization ratio and its impact on the properties of graphene synthesized. Through Raman analysis, the average in-plane crystallite length of graphene synthesis was observed from 27.732 ± 4–37.132 ± 6 nm. At last, a resistive type strain sensor was fabricated to check the stability of LIG and its reliability for repetitive loading conditions. The pulse overlap photo-thermal model, and its finite element analysis implementation presents better understanding towards optimizing the promising technique towards synthesizing LIG.
Adaptive window rotated second-order synchroextracting transform and its application in fault diagnosis of wind turbine gearbox
Authors: Huang Tao , Yi Cancan , Hao Zhiqiang , Tan Xiaoyao , Deng Dongwei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Time frequency (TF) analysis (TFA) based on vibration signals is a vital method for the health monitoring of wind turbine gearboxes. Based on classical synchrosqueezing transform and short-time Fourier transform (STFT), synchroextracting transform (SET) abstractly retains primary TF energy around the interested frequency components by reassigning the TF transformation coefficient. However, as the fixed window of these traditional TFA methods, they have poor matching effects on multi-component signals with fast-varying frequencies. To address this problem, this paper first optimizes the width of the short-term window based on STFT, and then proposes adaptive short-time Fourier transform (ASTFT). That is, the direction of the window function in the STFT is changed by automatically matching a series of rotation operators. Then, based on ASTFT and SET, the second-order partial derivatives of time and frequency are used to modify the formula of instantaneous frequency estimation. Therefore, adaptive window rotated second-order synchroextracting transform (AWRSSET) is put forward to obtain and sharpen TF representations of multi-component vibration signals of wind turbines in this paper. In order to accurately diagnose faults in wind turbines, this paper extracts the rotation speed curve from the TF plane, which is generated through AWRSSET, and then makes subsequent order-frequency analyses without a tachometer. AWRSSET can be applied to diagnosing faulty wind turbine gearboxes and gears with broken teeth under time-varying speed, both of which testify to the advantages of this method.
Hybrid, dual visible and near-infrared fluorescence emission of (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes modified with fluorescein through aryl diazonium salt chemistry
Authors: Tomczyk Mateusz Michał , Minoshima Masafumi , Kikuchi Kazuya , Blacha-Grzechnik Agata , Starosolski Zbigniew , Bhavane Rohan , Zalewski Mariusz , Kuźnik Nikodem 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aryl diazonium salt chemistry offers enhancement of near-infrared (NIR) emission of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), although, the attachment of functional molecules which could bring hybrid properties through the process is underdeveloped. In this work, we utilize aryl diazonium salt of fluorescein to create sp
3 defects on (6,5) SWCNTs. We study the influence of pH on the grafting process identifying that pH 5–6 is necessary for a successful reaction. The fluorescein-modified (6,5) SWCNTs (F-(6,5) SWCNTs) exhibit red-shifted E
11* emission in the NIR region attributed to luminescent sp
3 defects, but also visible (Vis) fluorescence at 515 nm from surface-attached fluorescein molecules. The fluorescence in both Vis and NIR regions of F-(6,5) SWCNTs exhibit strong pH-dependency associated with the dissociation of fluorescein molecules with an indication of photoinduced-electron transfer quenching the Vis emission of fluorescein dianion. The F-(6,5) SWCNTs could potentially be used for dual-channel medical imaging as indicated by our preliminary experiments. We hope that our research will encourage new, bold modifications of SWCNTs with functional molecules introducing new, unique hybrid properties.
Universal and dynamic ridge filter for pencil beam scanning particle therapy: a novel concept for ultra-fast treatment delivery
Authors: Maradia Vivek , Colizzi Isabella , Meer David , Weber Damien Charles , Lomax Antony John , Actis Oxana , Psoroulas Serena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. In pencil beam scanning particle therapy, a short treatment delivery time is paramount for the efficient treatment of moving targets with motion mitigation techniques (such as breath-hold, rescanning, and gating). Energy and spot position change time are limiting factors in reducing treatment time. In this study, we designed a universal and dynamic energy modulator (ridge filter, RF) to broaden the Bragg peak, to reduce the number of energies and spots required to cover the target volume, thus lowering the treatment time. Approach. Our RF unit comprises two identical RFs placed just before the isocenter. Both RFs move relative to each other, changing the Bragg peak’s characteristics dynamically. We simulated different Bragg peak shapes with the RF in Monte Carlo simulation code (TOPAS) and validated them experimentally. We then delivered single-field plans with 1 Gy/fraction to different geometrical targets in water, to measure the dose delivery time using the RF and compare it with the clinical settings. Main results. Aligning the RFs in different positions produces different broadening in the Bragg peak; we achieved a maximum broadening of 2.5 cm. With RF we reduced the number of energies in a field by more than 60%, and the dose delivery time by 50%, for all geometrical targets investigated, without compromising the dose distribution transverse and distal fall-off. Significance. Our novel universal and dynamic RF allows for the adaptation of the Bragg peak broadening for a spot and/or energy layer based on the requirement of dose shaping in the target volume. It significantly reduces the number of energy layers and spots to cover the target volume, and thus the treatment time. This RF design is ideal for ultra-fast treatment delivery within a single breath-hold (5–10 s), efficient delivery of motion mitigation techniques, and small animal irradiation with ultra-high dose rates (FLASH).
Pulsar glitches: observations and physical interpretation
Authors: Antonopoulou Danai , Haskell Brynmor , Espinoza Cristóbal M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The interpretation of pulsar rotational glitches, the sudden increase in spin frequency of neutron stars, is a half-century-old challenge. The common view is that glitches are driven by the dynamics of the stellar interior, and connect in particular to the interactions between a large-scale neutron superfluid and the other stellar components. This thesis is corroborated by observational data of glitches and the post-glitch response seen in pulsars’ rotation, which often involves very long timescales, from months to years. As such, glitch observables combined with consistent models incorporating the rich physics of neutron stars—from the lattice structure of their crust to the equation of state for matter beyond nuclear densities—can be very powerful at placing limits on, and reduce uncertainties of, the internal properties. This review summarises glitch observations, current data, and recent analyses, and connects them to the underlying mechanisms and microphysical parameters in the context of the most advanced theoretical glitch models to date.
New physics searches at kaon and hyperon factories
Authors: Goudzovski Evgueni , Redigolo Diego , Tobioka Kohsaku , Zupan Jure , Alonso-Álvarez Gonzalo , Alves Daniele S M , Bansal Saurabh , Bauer Martin , Brod Joachim , Chobanova Veronika , D’Ambrosio Giancarlo , Datta Alakabha , Dery Avital , Dettori Francesco , Dobrescu Bogdan A , Döbrich Babette , Egana-Ugrinovic Daniel , Elor Gilly , Escudero Miguel , Fabbrichesi Marco , Fornal Bartosz , Fox Patrick J , Gabrielli Emidio , Geng Li-Sheng , Gligorov Vladimir V , Gorbahn Martin , Gori Stefania , Grinstein Benjamín , Grossman Yuval , Guadagnoli Diego , Homiller Samuel , Hostert Matheus , Kelly Kevin J , Kitahara Teppei , Knapen Simon , Krnjaic Gordan , Kupsc Andrzej , Kvedaraitė Sandra , Lanfranchi Gaia , Marfatia Danny , Camalich Jorge Martin , Santos Diego Martínez , Massri Karim , Meade Patrick , Moulson Matthew , Nanjo Hajime , Neubert Matthias , Pospelov Maxim , Renner Sophie , Schacht Stefan , Schnubel Marvin , Shi Rui-Xiang , Shuve Brian , Spadaro Tommaso , Soreq Yotam , Stamou Emmanuel , Sumensari Olcyr , Tammaro Michele , Terol-Calvo Jorge , Thamm Andrea , Tung Yu-Chen , Wang Dayong , Yamamoto Kei , Ziegler Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rare meson decays are among the most sensitive probes of both heavy and light new physics. Among them, new physics searches using kaons benefit from their small total decay widths and the availability of very large datasets. On the other hand, useful complementary information is provided by hyperon decay measurements. We summarize the relevant phenomenological models and the status of the searches in a comprehensive list of kaon and hyperon decay channels. We identify new search strategies for under-explored signatures, and demonstrate that the improved sensitivities from current and next-generation experiments could lead to a qualitative leap in the exploration of light dark sectors.
Corrigendum: Roles of the transition amplitude phases in photoelectron asymmetry of single strong attosecond pulse (2022 New J. Phys.
24 093019)
Authors: Liu MingQing , Khan Shahab Ullah , Wang Xin-Qiang , Yan Pei-Guang , Jiang Wei-Chao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this corrigendum, we point out that the photon energy 16.3 eV is written as 13.6 eV by mistake in some statements in the article 2022 New J. Phys.
24 093019.
Effective-dimension theory of critical phenomena above upper critical dimensions
Authors: Zeng Shaolong , Ping Szeto Sue , Zhong Fan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Phase transitions and critical phenomena are among the most intriguing phenomena in nature and the renormalization-group theory for them is one of the greatest achievements of theoretical physics. However, the predictions of the theory above an upper critical dimension d

c
seriously disagree with reality. In addition to its fundamental significance, the problem is also of practical importance because both complex classical systems with long-range spatial or temporal interactions and quantum phase transitions with long-range interactions can substantially lower d

c
. The extant scenarios built on a dangerous irrelevant variable (DIV) to resolve the problem introduce two sets of critical exponents and even two sets of scaling laws whose origin is obscure. Here, we consider the DIV from a different perspective and clearly unveil the origin of the two sets of exponents and hence the intrinsic inconsistency in those scenarios. We then develop an effective-dimension theory in which critical fluctuations and system volume are fixed at an effective dimension by the DIV. This enables us to account for all the extant results consistently. A novel asymptotic finite-size scaling behavior for a correlation function together with a new anomalous dimension and its associated scaling law is also predicted. We also apply the theory to quantum phase transitions.
Effects of laser scanning overlap rate on microstructure and properties of laser surface remelting stainless steel
Authors: Chen Yuanlong , Li Xiang , Liu Jinyang , Zhang Yichi , Chen Xuehui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To study the effect of laser scanning overlap rate (LSOR) on the microstructure and properties of 304 stainless steel remelted layer (RL), nanosecond pulsed laser was used to remelt the surface of 304 stainless steel. The micro-morphology, hardness, roughness, adhesion force and corrosion resistance of RL are studied by changing the LSOR. The experimental results show that a layer of oxides mainly composed of Cr, Fe and Mn is formed on the surface of 304 stainless steel and the phase transition from α-Fe to γ-Fe after laser irradiation. Laser surface remelting (LSR) hardens the substrate surface with a hardness of 185 HV and the maximum hardness after remelting is 248.9HV. With the increase of LSOR, the surface roughness gradually increased, the adhesion force first increased and then decreased and the maximum adhesion is 26.1N. The LSOR at the turning point is 80% and the phase distribution of the RL is more uniform at this time. The maximum self-corrosion potential of the RL is −0.283V, which is positively shifted by 0.268V compared to the substrate self-corrosion potential. LSR is a promising technique to improve the surface microstructure and properties of 304 stainless steel.
First principle study of structural, electronic, magnetic, optical and thermal properties of chalcogenides XFeSe2 (X = Li, Na and K) half metallic compounds
Authors: Azam A , Muhammad Nawaz , Murtaza G , Jafar Naveed , Alshahrani Thamraa , Amin Mohammed A , Morsi Manal , Somaily H H , Mahmood Q 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Half-metallic ferromagnets (HMF) are one of the most essential materials for spintronics and other energy applications. The electronic, magnetic, optical and transport properties of hexagonal XFeSe2 (X = Li, Na and K) compounds have been investigated by Wien2K code. The Heisenberg classical model is used to determine spin polarization. The ferromagnetism is calculated by the negative exchange energy Δ

x

(pd), exchange constants, and quantum exchange of electrons in strong p-d hybridization. The integer values of total magnetic moment (M
T) 5.0000 μ
B, 4.9995 μ
B, and 5.0000 μ
B per unit formula for LiFeSe2, NaFeSe2 and KFeSe2, respectively, have confirmed the HMF. Optical properties are revealed in terms of absorption of light energy in visible to ultraviolet regions, refractive index, reflectivity spectrum and optical conductivity. Lastly, BoltzTraP code was used to explore the influence of electrical and thermal conductivities of electrons spin, potential gradient effect and figure of merit (ZT). Results reveal that the studied compounds are potential candidates for spintronic devices and energy applications.
Comprehensive study of singular points in a PT-symmetric Thue-Morse multilayer
Authors: Mohammadpour Ali , Barvestani Jamal , Vala Ali Soltani 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Parity-time symmetric optical systems have a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with a purely real spectrum. These systems have been extensively explored owing to their ability to generate exotic photon transport phenomena. In this work, we report the spectral singularity of the one-dimensional aperiodic odd-generation Thue-Morse photonic lattice with parity time symmetry. We showed that this multilayer in addition to obvious unidirectional and bidirectional transparencies, displays interesting and singular properties including absorption, lasing and coherent perfect absorption-lasing singularities. Based on the transfer matrix and scattering matrix (S matrix) methods, the behavior of these singular points and reflectionless and invisibility properties of the structure is analyzed with respect to the thickness of the passive film sandwiched between active layers due to phase shift changes, frequency and incident angle of light. The available values of the structural parameters are investigated to obtain extraordinary transmission and reflection phenomena. These optical systems may possess the potential in the design of novel lasing and coherent perfect absorption optical devices with adjustable applications.
The effective Higgs potential and vacuum decay in Starobinsky inflation
Authors: Mantziris Andreas , Markkanen Tommi , Rajantie Arttu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Based on the current experimental data, the Standard Model predicts that the current vacuum state of the Universe is metastable, leading to a non-zero rate of vacuum decay through nucleation of bubbles of true vacuum. Our existence implies that there cannot have been any such bubble nucleation events anywhere in our whole past lightcone. We consider a minimal scenario of the Standard Model together with Starobinsky inflation, using three-loop renormalization group improved Higgs effective potential with one-loop curvature corrections. We show that the survival of the vacuum state through inflation places a lower bound ξ ≳ 0.1 on the non-minimal Higgs curvature coupling, the last unknown parameter of the Standard Model. This bound is significantly stronger than in single field inflation models with no Higgs-inflaton coupling. It is also sensitive to the details of the dynamics at the end of inflation, and therefore it can be improved with a more detailed study of that period.
Time-frequency analysis of brain activity in response to directional and non-directional visual stimuli: an event related spectral perturbations (ERSP) study
Authors: Vecchio Fabrizio , Nucci Lorenzo , Pappalettera Chiara , Miraglia Francesca , Iacoviello Daniela , Rossini Paolo Maria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. A large part of the cerebral cortex is dedicated to the processing of visual stimuli and there is still much to understand about such processing modalities and hierarchies. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the differences between directional visual stimuli (DS) and non-directional visual stimuli (n-DS) processing by time-frequency analysis of brain electroencephalographic activity during a visuo-motor task. Electroencephalography (EEG) data were divided into four regions of interest (ROIs) (frontal, central, parietal, occipital). Approach. The analysis of the visual stimuli processing was based on the combination of electroencephalographic recordings and time-frequency analysis. Event related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) were computed with spectrum analysis that allow to obtain the average time course of relative changes induced by the stimulus presentation in spontaneous EEG amplitude spectrum. Main results. Visual stimuli processing enhanced the same pattern of spectral modulation in all investigated ROIs with differences in amplitudes and timing. Additionally, statistically significant differences in occipital ROI between the DS and n-DS visual stimuli processing in theta, alpha and beta bands were found. Significance. These evidences suggest that ERSPs could be a useful tool to investigate the encoding of visual information in different brain regions. Because of their simplicity and their capability in the representation of brain activity, the ERSPs might be used as biomarkers of functional recovery for example in the rehabilitation of visual dysfunction and motor impairment following a stroke, as well as diagnostic tool of anomalies in brain functions in neurological diseases tailored to personalized treatments in clinical environment.