bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einstein–Maxwell fields as solutions of higher-order theories
Authors: Ortaggio Marcello 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study four-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell fields for which any higher-order corrections to the field equations effectively reduces to just a rescaling of the gravitational and the cosmological constant. These configurations are thus simultaneous solutions of (virtually) any modified theory of gravity coupled (possibly non-minimally) to any electrodynamics. In the case of non-null electromagnetic fields we provide a full characterization of such universal solutions, which correspond to a family of gravitational waves propagating in universes of the Levi-Civita–Bertotti–Robinson type. For null fields we first obtain a set of general necessary conditions, and then a full characterization for a special subfamily, which turns out to represent electromagnetic waves accompanied by pure radiation in the (anti-)Nariai background. The results are exemplified for the case of Born–Infeld, ModMax and Horndeski electrodynamics.
Weak gravitational lensing in dark matter and plasma mediums for wormhole-like static aether solution
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Riaz Sibgha , Pantig Reggie C. , Övgün Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the deflection angle for wormhole-like static aether solution by using Gibbons and Werner technique in non-plasma, plasma, and dark matter mediums. For this purpose, we use optical spacetime geometry to calculate the Gaussian optical curvature, then implement the Gauss–Bonnet theorem in weak field limits. Moreover, we compute the deflection angle by using a technique known as Keeton and Petters technique. Furthermore, we analyze the graphical behavior of the bending angle $$\psi $$
ψ
with respect to the impact parameter b, mass m as an integration constant, and parameter q in non-plasma and plasma mediums. We examine that the deflection angle is exponentially increasing as direct with charge. Also, we observe that for small values of b, $$\psi $$
ψ
increases, and for large values of b the angle decreases. We also considered analysis to the shadow cast of the wormhole relative to an observer at various locations. Comparing it the Schwarzschild shadow, shadow cast is possible for wormhole as $$r<2m$$

r
<
2
m

. At $$r>2m$$

r
>
2
m

, the Schwarzschild is larger. As $$r\rightarrow \infty $$

r
→
∞

, we have seen that the behavior of the shadow, as well as the weak deflection angle, approaches that of the Schwarzschild black hole. Overall, the effect of plasma tends to decrease the value of the observables due to the wormhole geometry.
Rational design of functionalized near-infrared absorbing phthalocyanines by three-component coupling strategy
Authors: Iwamoto Takayuki , Maeda Hajime , Segi Masahito , Furuyama Taniyuki 
Published: November 2022

Near-infrared (NIR) dyes are used in various applications such as organic solar cells and photodynamic therapy sensitizers. One example of a class of dyes, octa-arylthio-substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs), can effectively absorb NIR light above 800 nm. The substitution of the Pc’s peripheral sulfur effectively introduces extra functions without significant perturbation of the optical properties. However, the synthesis of phthalonitrile precursors containing various functionalized arylthio groups has been limited. Herein, we provide the three-component-type coupling reactions for synthesizing phthalonitriles with various functionalized chalcogen-aryl groups. Organometallic reagents were prepared from aryl halides, elemental chalcogen, and 3,6-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)phthalonitrile can lead to functionalized phthalonitriles in a one-pot procedure. Commonly used methods were utilized to prepare the corresponding Pcs. This reaction can be extended to other group-16 elements, chemoselective organomagnesium, and organozincate reagents. The NIR absorption and fluorescence properties of Pcs were also revealed and rationalized under substitution effects.
The effect of covalent binding of phthalocyanine macrocycles with a cyclotriphosphazene spacer on the aggregation, NLO, and CT properties
Authors: Tolbin Alexander Yu. , Savelyev Mikhail S. , Gerasimenko Alexander Yu. , Sedova Marina V. , Maklakov Sergey S. , Pushkarev Victor E. 
Published: November 2022

This work is devoted to studying the aggregation effect on the nonlinear optical (NLO) and charge transport (CT) properties of low-symmetry phthalocyanines bearing a cyclotriphosphazene moiety, a monomer, and clamshell-type bis-phthalocyanine. FE-SEM and AFM studies revealed ordered nanoaggregation in these compounds, represented as repeating objects of regular configuration, globules (340–480 nm), which contain small aggregates inside their cavity, similar to smoothed polygons (ca. 40 nm). Such specificity is not characteristic of other functionalized phthalocyanines, which we dealt with earlier. A new spectral method for estimating the aggregation threshold based on the change in extinction with increasing concentration of solutions was also implemented, and the effect of aggregation on optical limiting was demonstrated. The behavior of isomers and rotamers of bis-phthalocyanine in the presence of electric fields of various strengths was investigated with the DFT calculations, and that partially corresponds to the impact of laser radiation on molecules. It was shown that the unusual behavior of the trans-isomer in FF-DFT calculations is the reason for the worsening of the NLO and CT characteristics of bis-phthalocyanine, in which the macrocycles are strapped through a phosphazene spacer. An advanced method of multiparametric analysis has been implemented to evaluate the NLO and CT properties of the dyes in general.
La construcción de nuevas identidades urbanas: lenguas originarias de América Latina y castellano en el etno-rap
Authors: Gugenberger Eva 
Published: November 2022

El artículo se propone explorar los esfuerzos por la revitalización de las lenguas originarias en América Latina, tomando como ejemplo el etno-rap o rap originario. Este género musical surgió a comienzos de este siglo en América Latina, cuando una serie de grupos de raperos empezaron a incorporar las lenguas originarias en sus canciones con el fin de reactivarlas y revalorarlas mediante producciones musicales. La atención se centrará en el fenómeno del cambio de código o code-switching –utilizado frecuentemente por los artistas en sus canciones–, que interpreto en sentido amplio como el uso de diferentes recursos estilísticos de índole lingüística, visual y sonora. Mediante esta estrategia los artistas construyen identidades híbridas en sus performances, que dan cuenta de una nueva identidad urbana en la que las raíces lingüísticas y culturales indígenas cobran un valor destacado. Como ejemplo, se analizará el caso del rapero peruano Liberato Kani y su canción Kaykunapi. Se argumentará que el etno-rap puede tener un impacto positivo sobre los jóvenes de origen indígena y su autoestima, lo que convierte este género musical en una valiosa herramienta para la revitalización lingüística.
The Role of Cloud–Cloud Interactions in the Life Cycle of Shallow Cumulus Clouds
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Hagos Samson , Feng Zhe , Fast Jerome D. , Xiao Heng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Some of the climate research puzzles relate to a limited understanding of the critical factors governing the life cycle of cumulus clouds. These factors force the initiation and the various mixing processes during cloud life cycles. To shed some light into these processes, we tracked the life cycle of thousands of individual shallow cumulus clouds in a large-eddy simulation during the Holistic Interactions of Shallow Clouds, Aerosols, and Land-Ecosystems field campaign in the U.S. southern Great Plains. Concurrent evolution of clouds is tracked and their respective neighboring clouds are examined. Results show that the clouds initially smaller than neighboring clouds can grow larger than the neighboring clouds by a factor of 2 within 20% of their lifetime. Two groups of the tracked clouds with growing and decaying neighboring clouds, respectively, show distinct characteristics in their life cycles. Clouds with growing neighboring clouds form above regions with larger surface heterogeneity, whereas clouds with decaying neighboring clouds are associated with less heterogeneous surfaces. Also, those with decaying neighboring clouds experience larger instability and a more humid boundary layer, indicating evaporation below the cloud base is likely occurring before those clouds are formed. Larger instability leads to higher vertical velocity and convergence within the cloud, which causes stronger surrounding downdrafts and water vapor removal in the surrounding area. The latter appears to be the reason for the decaying neighboring clouds. Understanding those processes provide insights into how cloud–cloud interactions modulate the evolution of cloud population and into how this evolution can be represented in future cumulus parameterizations.
Modifying Post-operative Opioid Stewardship Through a System of Educational Feedback
Authors: Beauchamp Gillian , Deol Pavit , Sipko Joseph , Yazdanyar Ali , Rosentel Joshua , Kuehler Daniel , Sandhu Rovinder S. , McCambridge Matthew 
Published: November 2022

Background: The opioid overdose epidemic remains one of the leading focuses of the United States’ public health agenda. Current literature has suggested that many surgical procedures are associated with an increased risk of chronic opioid use in the post-operative period of opioid-naïve patients. We aimed to assess whether providing feedback on the average morphine milligram equivalents (MMED) and opioid utilization by selected post-operative patients would impact the provider opioid prescribing patterns. Methods: An opioid stewardship educational intervention provided didactic and email feedback to general surgeons about their prescribing patterns and summary feedback on opioid usage among post-operative patients from the pre-intervention period. We used descriptive statistics, Chi Square, Fisher’s Exact test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum, two sample t test, and Spearman’s rho to analyze the data gathered. Results: A total of 5142 patients with an average age of 43.9 years were included in the study period. Women accounted for 3096 (60.2%) and 2046 (39.8%) were men. The surgeries during the study period included 1928 (37.5%) appendectomies and 3214 (62.5%) cholecystectomies. The predominant surgical approach was laparoscopic 5028 (97.8%). In both groups, the total MMED and total number of pills prescribed decreased significantly after the intervention was implemented. There were no refill prescriptions nor 30-day readmissions among those discharged with an opioid prescription in either study phase. Discussion: An intervention that provided general surgeons with feedback about their post-operative prescription patterns and data on post-operative opioid utilization by patients decreased prescribed MMED.
Proportional pulmonary pulse pressure: A new index to assess response to veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Lim Hoong Sern 
Published: November 2022

Background Based on theoretical physiology, the ratio of pulmonary artery pulse pressure to mean pulmonary pressure (PP-MPAP), termed proportional pulmonary pulse pressure, provides a measure of coupling between the right ventricle and the pulmonary circulation. This study tested the hypothesis that lower PP-MPAP ratio was associated with left ventricular (LV) distension in patients with cardiogenic shock who underwent extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Methods This is a retrospective observational single-centre study of 22 patients with cardiogenic shock who underwent ECLS as the primary support modality without and with LV distension and Impella unloading. The relationship between post-support PP-MPAP and 12-hour lactate clearance was also assessed. Results Of the 22 patients: 10 patients underwent additional Impella unloading due to LV distension (Group 1) and 12 patients on ECLS only without LV distension (Group 2). As predicted by the theoretical model, PP-MPAP on ECLS dropped in Group 1 (pre-Impella) from 0.473 ± 0.067 to 0.372 ± 0.087, p < 0.001; but increased in Group 2 patients without LV distension (0.518 ± 0.070 to 0.549 ± 0.072, p = 0.002). Impella support in Group 1 increased PP-MPAP (0.372 ± 0.087 to 0.615 ± 0.094, p < 0.001). On multiple regression analysis, post-support PP-MPAP was significantly associated with 12-hour lactate clearance. Conclusion Changes in PP-MPAP is associated hemodynamic response to ECLS and 12-hour lactate clearance. This simple parameter may guide therapeutic optimization in cardiogenic shock and ECLS.
The Stochastic Model of Technical Change and Profit Rates: Korean Economy (Manufacturing Sector: 1970–2015)
Authors: Kim Deokmin 
Published: November 2022

This article aims to reconstruct major macroeconomic variables, including the profit rate in the Korean economy, by using the stochastic model of technical change. This model needs no a priori technological patterns concerning available technologies, such as the neoclassical production function or fixed coefficient technologies. This article provides a summary of the rate of profit, the productivity of capital, and labor productivity in the Korean manufacturing sector between 1970 and 2015. A multiple structural break model detects possible regime changes in the growth rate of each type of productivity. The innovation sets for the simulation are created based on this test. Furthermore, the article reconstructs the rate of profit, the productivity of capital, and labor productivity in Korea’s manufacturing sector and discusses a catching-up process by Korea with the United States, which the model reproduces. JEL Classification: E11, E17, O14, O33
Status of TWEAK DNA methylation and mRNA expression in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liao Li , Li Shu , Upreti Bibhuti , Wang Xiangyu , Yang Yifan , Lou Xue , Li Luqiong , Cui Ruomei , Liu Shuang , Cheng Yuqi , Xu Jian 
Published: November 2022

Objective Draw upon research into the serum concentration, mRNA expression, and DNA methylation of TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus patients and healthy controls in an attempt to investigate the epigenetics associated with TWEAK in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods A total of 178 SLE patients (SLE group) and 131 sex-age matched healthy controls (HC group) were recruited. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was used to detect serum protein concentration of TWEAK. TWEAK mRNA expression was analyzed by Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methylation levels of the promotor of TWEAK were measured using quantitative DNA methylation analysis on the MassARRAY spectrometry. Results Serum TWEAK concentrations were not statistically significant in SLE patients and HCs. Nevertheless, serum TWEAK concentrations were significantly lower in patients with renal involvement when compared to those without it. Serum TWEAK concentrations were reduced in clinically active patients (SLEDAI ≥ 10) compared with clinically stable patients (SLEDAI < 10). It was also significantly associated with SLEDAI. Compared with the HC group, the TWEAK mRNA expression in the SLE group was significantly lower. The global DNA methylation levels of TWEAK in the SLE group were observed to be significantly higher than the HC group. SLE patients with renal involvement, and the clinically active patients had higher TWEAK global methylation as well as exhibited variation in certain CpG island methylation. Furthermore, TWEAK methylation negatively correlated with TWEAK mRNA expression. Conclusion This study suggests that TWEAK DNA methylation is a valuable as a focus for epigenetic studies because of it potentially influencing TWEAK gene expression in SLE patients. Aberrant DNA methylation of TWEAK may be involved in the initiation and development of SLE.
Mid-term survivorship of fixed bearing unicondylar knee arthroplasty with no exclusion of early PFJ arthritis or ACL deficiency: Analysis of clinical and radiological predictors
Authors: Lee Qunn Jid , Chang Wai Yee, Esther , Wong Yiu Chung 
Published: November 2022

Purpose Fixed bearing (FB) UKA constituted 63.7% of unicondylar knee arthroplasties in 2020 Australian Registry with the longest UKA survivorship. The significance of patellofemoral joint (PFJ) arthritis, ACL deficiency, post-operative anteromedial pain, radiosclerosis or radiolucency on survivorship of FB UKA is not established. The aim of this study was to analyze the medium-term survivorship of fixed-bearing UKA with no exclusion of PFJ OA and ACL deficiency. Predictors for failure were analyzed. Methods FB UKA performed in 2011-17 were reviewed. Cases with PFJ OA or ACL deficiency were not excluded. The effect on survivorship by ACL deficiency, PFJ arthritis, post-operative anteromedial pain and radiological abnormalities were analyzed. Results There were 96 UKA with follow-up time of 66 ± 18 months (27–98). The mean age was 70 ± 9 years, BMI 25.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Alignment was varus 9° ± 4° pre-operatively and varus 3° ± 3° post-operatively. There were four revisions (4.2%) and 4 deaths (4.2%). Reasons for revisions were loosening ( n = 1), persistent pain ( n = 2) and lateral compartment disease ( n = 1). Estimated survival at 8.3 years was 94.7% (95% CI 91.6–97.7). BMI ≥30 was found to be a significant predictor for failure. The incidence of radiographic abnormalities was 75% for PFJ arthritis, 39% for tibial tray overhang, 14% for radiolucency or radiosclerosis, 5% for ACL deficiency and 5% for edge loading respectively but they were not significantly associated with lower survivorship or anteromedial knee pain. The presence of anteromedial pain after surgery in 36.5% was also not significantly associated with survivorship. Conclusion FB UKA with no exclusion of early PFJ arthritis and ACL deficiency has satisfactory medium-term survivorship. BMI ≥30 could have higher risk of all-cause revision. Tibial tray overhang, non-progressive radiolucency or radiosclerosis do not seem to be associated with anteromedial knee pain or poorer medium term survivorship.
The Association of Metformin, Other Antidiabetic Medications, and Statins With the Prognosis of Colon Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Erkinantti Sami , Hautakoski Ari , Sund Reijo , Arffman Martti , Urpilainen Elina , Puistola Ulla , Jukkola Arja , Peeter Karihtala , Läärä Esa 
Published: November 2022

Background Use of metformin and statins have been associated with improved prognosis of colon cancer (CC) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined the survival from CC in relation to the use of metformin, other oral antidiabetic medications (ADM), insulin, and statins in T2D patients. Materials and Methods A cohort (n = 2252) of persons with pre-existing T2D diagnosed with incident CC between 1998 and 2011 was identified from several Finnish registers. Cox models were fitted for cause-specific mortality rates to obtain adjusted estimates of the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in relation to use of ADM and statins before the CC diagnosis. Cox models were also fitted for mortality in relation to post-diagnostic use of the medications treating these as time-dependent exposures, and starting follow-up 1 year after the CC diagnosis Results Pre- and post-diagnostic metformin use was weakly associated with the risk of CC–related death (HR .75; 95% CI .58-.99, and HR .78; 95% CI .54-1.14, respectively) compared to the use of other oral ADMs. Pre- and post-diagnostic statin use predicted a reduced risk of CC–related death (HR .83; 95% CI .71- .98, and HR .69; 95% CI .54-.89, respectively). Conclusion Additional evidence was found for use of statins being associated with an improved survival from CC in patients with pre-existing T2D, but for metformin use the evidence was weaker.
A Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of New-Formulation Zenon (Rosuvastatin/Ezetimibe Fixed-Dose Combination) in Primary Hypercholesterolemia Inadequately Controlled by Statins
Authors: Catapano Alberico L. , Vrablik Michal , Karpov Yuri , Berthou Baptiste , Loy Megan , Baccara-Dinet Marie 
Published: November 2022

Objective: In primary hypercholesterolemia many people treated with statins do not reach their plasma LDL-C goals and are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of a new fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulation of rosuvastatin/ezetimibe (R/E) in this population. Methods: This was a multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, parallel-arm study of FDC R/E in people with primary hypercholesterolemia at very high risk (VHR) or high risk (HR) of CVD, inadequately controlled with 20 mg or 10 mg stable daily dose of rosuvastatin or equipotent dose of another statin. The primary objective was to demonstrate superiority of FDC R/E versus rosuvastatin monotherapy uptitrated to 40 mg (R40) or 20 mg (R20) in reduction of LDL-C after 6 weeks. Results: Randomized VHR participants (n = 244) were treated with R40, R40/E10, or R20/E10; randomized HR participants (n = 208) received R10/E10 or R20. In VHR participants, superiority of R40/E10 and R20/E10 versus R40 was demonstrated on LDL-C percent change from baseline to Week 6 with least squares mean differences (LSMD) of −19.66% (95% CI: −29.48% to −9.84%; P < .001) and −12.28% (95% CI: −22.12% to −2.44%; P = .015), respectively. In HR participants, superiority of R10/E10 over R20 was not demonstrated (LSMD −5.20%; 95% CI: −15.18% to 4.78%; P = .306), despite clinically relevant LDL-C reduction with R10/E10. No unexpected safety findings were reported. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that R/E FDCs improve LDL-C reduction and goal achievement in people with primary hypercholesterolemia inadequately controlled with statins and at VHR/HR of CVD.
Epidemiology, management and outcome of candidaemia in patients with diabetes
Authors: Preece Gabriel , Bhola Shalini , Davidson Andrew , Collier Andrew , Bal Abhijit M 
Published: November 2022

Background: Candidaemia is the commonest fungal bloodstream infection in hospitalised patients. Diabetes is one of the risk factors for mortality from candidaemia. Methods: We compared the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and management of candidaemia in patients with and without diabetes. Results: Over a 10-year period, 200 episodes of Candida bloodstream infection were documented. Patients with diabetes were younger (58.7 vs 65.5 years), less likely to be suffering from cancer (21.8% vs 36%), and had significantly lower 30-day and 90-day crude mortality (17.2% vs 35.6% and 28.4% vs 48.6%, respectively). Candida glabrata was more common in patients with diabetes (39.3% vs 29.7%). Based on European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) quality indicators, the management of patients with and without diabetes was similar. Discussion: Our study highlights the importance of epidemiological data in relation to candidaemia in patients with diabetes and the growing threat of invasive C. glabrata infection in this subset of patients.