bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal agency of social movements
Authors: Fawzy Rania Magdi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe article examines, through the lens of cognitive semiotics, temporal agency and experiences that define the protestors’ identity within the space of the Floyd protests as visualized in AP sequenced news photos. The analysis points to the role of resemiotized chronotopic motifs that bring together the past, present and future times of racial discrimination. In this regard, the paper synthesizes the Bakhtinian chronotope with Multimodal Conceptual Metaphor. Synthesizing Multimodal Metaphors with the chronotope is meant to conceptualize the temporality of the social movement, assigning it agentive identity. That is, chronotopic temporality is deployed in this article as a metaphorical placeholder for movements agency and individuality. Two chronotopes interact within the visualized space of the protests: one is centred in the memories of past apartheid and a desired future, the other conceptualizes a resistant and angry present.
The longitudinal impact of self-reflection and integrated pronunciation instruction on L2 French learners’ production of /y/ and /u/
Authors: Meritan Camille 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although pronunciation can be fostered through explicit instruction, instructors need practical strategies to support their learners’ pronunciation (Darcy, 2018; Derwing, 2018; Derwing & Munro, 2015; Levis, 2018). Additionally, “researching longitudinal development of L2 learners [pronunciation] is essential to understanding influences in their success” (Derwing & Munro, 2013, p.163). This three-semester-long experimental quantitative study on 72 French learners examined whether self-reflection (open-ended questionnaires) as a learning strategy could complement integrated explicit pronunciation instruction and support the development of intelligible production of the two contrastive vowels /y/ and /u/. Results on pre/post read-aloud tests surrounding pronunciation lessons were compared between a treatment (instruction + self-reflection), a comparison (instruction only) and a control group (neither instruction, nor self-reflection), and within each group to determine if there was significant growth over time. Findings revealed that self-reflection combined with explicit instruction led to better learning outcomes and production gains when compared to oral natural input.
Climate-smart forestry—potential and practicalities
Authors: Yousefpour Rasoul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate smart forestry (CSF) integrates ecological, economic and social dimensions in forest decision process under climate change. CSF aims to develop adaptive response to global change and optimally contribute to mitigation goals. CSF projects are ecologically effective and economically efficient in reaching the goals and involve society in the process.

Definition
The potential to simultaneously adapt to and mitigate climate change in the managed forest ecosystems is defined as climate-smart forestry (CSF). CSF strategies aim to develop adaptive response to global change and enhance the provision of ecosystem services and optimally contribute to mitigation goals. Recent attention to socio-economic implications of CSF search for comprehensive approaches integrates social dimensions and engages stakeholders in the process.

Review Methodology
After a systematic assessment in the Web of Science database, combinations of three keywords “Climate” AND “Smart” and “Forest*” were used to explore the wealth of knowledge regarding CSF. Finally, the five most cited and most relevant publications were selected for the purpose of this minireview (limited to max. five papers). However, the nature of this minireview is a hybrid of review and opinion paper.
Memristive synaptic device based on a natural organic material—honey for spiking neural network in biodegradable neuromorphic systems
Authors: Sueoka Brandon , Zhao Feng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Spiking neural network (SNN) in future neuromorphic architectures requires hardware devices to be not only capable of emulating fundamental functionalities of biological synapse such as spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) and spike-rate dependent plasticity (SRDP), but also biodegradable to address current ecological challenges of electronic waste. Among different device technologies and materials, memristive synaptic devices based on natural organic materials have emerged as the favourable candidate to meet these demands. The metal–insulator-metal structure is analogous to biological synapse with low power consumption, fast switching speed and simulation of synaptic plasticity, while natural organic materials are water soluble, renewable and environmental friendly. In this study, the potential of a natural organic material—honey-based memristor for SNNs was demonstrated. The device exhibited forming-free bipolar resistive switching, a high switching speed of 100 ns set time and 500 ns reset time, STDP and SRDP learning behaviours, and dissolving in water. The intuitive conduction models for STDP and SRDP were proposed. These results testified that honey-based memristive synaptic devices are promising for SNN implementation in green electronics and biodegradable neuromorphic systems.
The Role of Comparative Law in Political Science
Authors: Tiede Lydia Brashear 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Comparing laws cross-nationally elucidates how they restrain political and societal actors and how actors may use law instrumentally to reach their goals. The Article analyzes the extant use of comparative law in political science and describes areas where a more in-depth comparative study of law may enhance understandings of how law shapes politics, particularly in the areas of governance, judicial behavior, rights protection, and democratic transitions and breakdowns. For meaningful use of comparative law in the study of politics, scholars must use causal research designs for cross-country analysis and rigorously choose cases for more detailed within-country qualitative analyses. Understanding how laws vary cross-nationally and what differences matter has the potential to shape theories and explanations of the explosive and sometimes subtle political changes witnessed in the twenty-first century.
Mean decrease accuracy for random forests: inconsistency, and a practical solution via the Sobol-MDA
Authors: Bénard Clément , Da Veiga Sébastien , Scornet Erwan 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Variable importance measures are the main tools used to analyse the black-box mechanisms of random forests. Although the mean decrease accuracy is widely accepted as the most efficient variable importance measure for random forests, little is known about its statistical properties. In fact, the definition of mean decrease accuracy varies across the main random forest software. In this article, our objective is to rigorously analyse the behaviour of the main mean decrease accuracy implementations. Consequently, we mathematically formalize the various implemented mean decrease accuracy algorithms, and then establish their limits when the sample size increases. This asymptotic analysis reveals that these mean decrease accuracy versions differ as importance measures, since they converge towards different quantities. More importantly, we break down these limits into three components: the first two terms are related to Sobol indices, which are well-defined measures of a covariate contribution to the response variance, widely used in the sensitivity analysis field, as opposed to the third term, whose value increases with dependence within covariates. Thus, we theoretically demonstrate that the mean decrease accuracy does not target the right quantity to detect influential covariates in a dependent setting, a fact that has already been noticed experimentally. To address this issue, we define a new importance measure for random forests, the Sobol-mean decrease accuracy, which fixes the flaws of the original mean decrease accuracy, and consistently estimates the accuracy decrease of the forest retrained without a given covariate, but with an efficient computational cost. The Sobol-mean decrease accuracy empirically outperforms its competitors on both simulated and real data for variable selection.
Trends in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Seroprevalence in Massachusetts Estimated from Newborn Screening Specimens
Authors: Ma Kevin C , Hale Jaime E , Grad Yonatan H , Alter Galit , Luzuriaga Katherine , Eaton Roger B , Fischinger Stephanie , Kaur Devinder , Brody Robin , Siddiqui Sameed M , Leach Dylan , Brown Catherine M , Klevens R Monina , Madoff Lawrence , Comeau Anne Marie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEstimating the cumulative incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for setting public health policies. We leveraged deidentified Massachusetts newborn screening specimens as an accessible, retrospective source of maternal antibodies for estimating statewide seroprevalence in a nontest-seeking population.MethodsWe analyzed 72 117 newborn specimens collected from November 2019 through December 2020, representing 337 towns and cities across Massachusetts. Seroprevalence was estimated for the Massachusetts population after correcting for imperfect test specificity and nonrepresentative sampling using Bayesian multilevel regression and poststratification.ResultsStatewide seroprevalence was estimated to be 0.03% (90% credible interval [CI], 0.00–0.11) in November 2019 and rose to 1.47% (90% CI: 1.00–2.13) by May 2020, following sustained SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the spring. Seroprevalence plateaued from May onward, reaching 2.15% (90% CI: 1.56–2.98) in December 2020. Seroprevalence varied substantially by community and was particularly associated with community percent non-Hispanic Black (β = .024; 90% CI: 0.004–0.044); i.e., a 10% increase in community percent non-Hispanic Black was associated with 27% higher odds of seropositivity. Seroprevalence estimates had good concordance with reported case counts and wastewater surveillance for most of 2020, prior to the resurgence of transmission in winter.ConclusionsCumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 protective antibody in Massachusetts was low as of December 2020, indicating that a substantial fraction of the population was still susceptible. Maternal seroprevalence data from newborn screening can inform longitudinal trends and identify cities and towns at highest risk, particularly in settings where widespread diagnostic testing is unavailable.
Measurement of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigens in Plasma of Pediatric Patients With Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Using an Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Immunoassay
Authors: Sigal George B , Novak Tanya , Mathew Anu , Chou Janet , Zhang Yubo , Manjula Navaratnam , Bathala Pradeepthi , Joe Jessica , Padmanabhan Nikhil , Romero Daniel , Allegri-Machado Gabriella , Joerger Jill , Loftis Laura L , Schwartz Stephanie P , Walker Tracie C , Fitzgerald Julie C , Tarquinio Keiko M , Zinter Matt S , Schuster Jennifer E , Halasa Natasha B , Cullimore Melissa L , Maddux Aline B , Staat Mary A , Irby Katherine , Flori Heidi R , Coates Bria M , Crandall Hillary , Gertz Shira J , Randolph Adrienne G , Pollock Nira R ,   Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens in blood has high sensitivity in adults with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but sensitivity in pediatric patients is unclear. Recent data suggest that persistent SARS-CoV-2 spike antigenemia may contribute to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We quantified SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) antigens in blood of pediatric patients with either acute COVID-19 or MIS-C using ultrasensitive immunoassays (Meso Scale Discovery).

Methods
Plasma was collected from inpatients (&lt;21 years) enrolled across 15 hospitals in 15 US states. Acute COVID-19 patients (n = 36) had a range of disease severity and positive nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR within 24 hours of blood collection. Patients with MIS-C (n = 53) met CDC criteria and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR or serology). Controls were patients pre–COVID-19 (n = 67) or within 24 hours of negative RT-PCR (n = 43).

Results
Specificities of N and S assays were 95–97% and 100%, respectively. In acute COVID-19 patients, N/S plasma assays had 89%/64% sensitivity; sensitivities in patients with concurrent nasopharyngeal swab cycle threshold (Ct) ≤35 were 93%/63%. Antigen concentrations ranged from 1.28–3844 pg/mL (N) and 1.65–1071 pg/mL (S) and correlated with disease severity. In MIS-C, antigens were detected in 3/53 (5.7%) samples (3 N-positive: 1.7, 1.9, 121.1 pg/mL; 1 S-positive: 2.3 pg/mL); the patient with highest N had positive nasopharyngeal RT-PCR (Ct 22.3) concurrent with blood draw.

Conclusions
Ultrasensitive blood SARS-CoV-2 antigen measurement has high diagnostic yield in children with acute COVID-19. Antigens were undetectable in most MIS-C patients, suggesting that persistent antigenemia is not a common contributor to MIS-C pathogenesis.
Don’t stop me now, I’m having such a good time! Czechoslovakian wolfdogs renovate the motivation to play with a bow
Authors: Maglieri Veronica , Zanoli Anna , Mastrandrea Fosca , Palagi Elisabetta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDogs engage in play behavior at every age and the play bow is their most iconic playful posture. However, the function of this posture is still under debate. Here, we selected the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog (CWD) as a model breed to clarify the function of the play bow. We analyzed frame-by-frame 118 sessions of 24 subjects and recorded 76 play bow events. We found that all the play bows were performed in the visual field of the playmate suggesting that the sender takes into account the attentional state of the receiver when releasing the signal. By drawing survival curves and using log-rank test we found that play bow was mainly performed during a short pause in an ongoing session and that its performance triggered the playmate’s reaction again. These findings show that play bow functions in restoring the partner motivation to play. Finally, by using a sequential analysis and a generalized mixed model, we found no evidence supporting the metacommunicative function of the play bow. The signal did not necessarily precede a contact offensive behavior (e.g., play biting and play pushing) and it was not affected by the level of asymmetry of the play session. In conclusion, in CWDs play bow can be considered a visual signal useful to maintain the motivation to play in the receiver. Therefore, we suggest that the mismatched number of play bows emitted by the 2 players in a given session can be predictive of their different motivations to play.
P2Y12 inhibitor adherence trajectories in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: prognostic implications
Authors: Turgeon Ricky D , Koshman Sheri L , Dong Yuan , Graham Michelle M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) P2Y12 inhibitor non-adherence is common and associated with greater risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Non-adherence can follow different trajectories from an inability to initiate, implement, or continue therapy for the intended duration. We aimed to evaluate P2Y12 inhibitor adherence trajectories among ACS patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), their frequency, and association with MACE.

Methods and results
We conducted a cohort study of adults discharged alive after PCI for ACS (2012–16) using the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease registry linked with administrative data. The primary outcome was P2Y12 inhibitor adherence trajectory in the year after PCI assessed using group-based trajectory modelling. We used logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards regression to assess associations of trajectories with risk factors and MACE, respectively. We included 12 844 patients (mean age 62.4 years, 23.6% female). Five trajectories were identified: early consistent non-adherence (11.0%), rapid decline (7.7%), delayed initiation (6.0%), gradual decline (20.5%), and persistent adherence (54.8%). Compared with persistent adherence, rapid decline [hazard ratio (HR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.49] and delayed initiation (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.12–1.78) were associated with higher MACE in the overall cohort, whereas early consistent non-adherence was associated with higher MACE only in the subgroup receiving a drug-eluting stent (HR 2.44, 95% CI 1.60–3.71).

Conclusion
After PCI for ACS, patients followed one of five distinct P2Y12 inhibitor adherence trajectories. Rapid decline and delayed initiation were associated with a higher risk of MACE, whereas early consistent non-adherence was only associated with higher MACE risk in patients with a drug-eluting stent.

Key questions

Key findings

Take-home message
From Particularism to Mass Murder: Nazi Morality, Antisemitism, and Cognitive Dissonance
Authors: Kauders Anthony D 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Scholars of the Third Reich have recently begun to study the ethical standards of National Socialist antisemites. Literature on Nazi morality frames German antisemitism as an attempt to reshape the country’s mores, but it pays insufficient attention to the psychological processes at work in replacing universalism with particularism. The author argues that cognitive dissonance theory could account for the uses and abuses of morality after 1933. He addresses three inter-related questions: did the regime utilize morality primarily to reduce cognitive dissonance?; did Germans invoke morality mainly to reduce cognitive dissonance?; and how successful was the appeal to morality in cognitive dissonance reduction? The first question makes us think about how morality can pre-empt feelings of cognitive dissonance prior to the implementation of certain policies or actions; the second explores how morality decreases dissonance afterward; and the third suggests that new moral frameworks replace older ones, eliminating cognitive dissonance altogether.
Transfer of Characters for Discrete Series Representations of the Unitary Groups in the Equal Rank Case via the Cauchy–Harish-Chandra integral
Authors: Merino Allan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs conjectured by Przebinda, the transfer of characters in the Howe’s correspondence should be obtained via the Cauchy–Harish-Chandra integral. In this paper, we prove that the conjecture holds for the dual pair $(\textrm{G} = \textrm{U}(p, q), \textrm{G}^{\prime} = \textrm{U}(r, s))$, $p+q = r+s$, starting with a discrete series representation $\Pi $ of $\widetilde{\textrm{U}}(p, q)$.
Heritability and genetic correlation estimates of semen production traits with litter traits and pork production traits in purebred Duroc pigs
Authors: Ogawa Shinichiro , Kimata Makoto , Tomiyama Masamitsu , Satoh Masahiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe estimated heritabilities of semen production traits and their genetic correlations with litter traits and pork production traits in purebred Duroc pigs. Semen production traits were semen volume, sperm concentration, proportion of morphologically normal sperms, total number of sperm, and total number of morphologically normal sperm. Litter traits at farrowing were total number born, number born alive, number stillborn, total litter weight at birth, mean litter weight at birth, and piglet survival rate at birth. Litter traits at weaning were litter size at weaning, total litter weight at weaning, mean litter weight at weaning, and piglet survival rate from birth to weaning. Pork production traits were average daily gain, backfat thickness, and loin muscle area. We analyzed 45,913 semen collection records of 896 boars, 6,950 farrowing performance records of 1,400 sows, 2,237 weaning performance records of 586 sows, and individual growth performance records of 9,550 animals measured at approximately 5 mo of age. Heritabilities were estimated using a single-trait animal model. Genetic correlations were estimated using a 2-trait animal model. Estimated heritabilities of semen production traits ranged from 0.20 for sperm concentration to 0.29 for semen volume and were equal to or higher than those of litter traits, ranging from 0.06 for number stillborn and piglet survival rate at birth to 0.25 for mean litter weight at birth, but lower than those of pork production traits, ranging from 0.50 for average daily gain to 0.63 for backfat thickness. In many cases, the absolute values of estimated genetic correlations between semen production traits and other traits were smaller than 0.3. These estimated genetic parameters provide useful information for establishing a comprehensive pig breeding scheme.
Discovery of extreme, roughly daily superflares on the recurrent nova V2487 Oph
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E , Pagnotta Ashley , Zoppelt Seth 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTV2487 Oph is a recurrent nova with detected eruptions in 1900 and 1998. Startlingly, V2487 Oph shows flares, called ‘Superflares’, with up to 1.10 mag amplitude, fast rises of under one-minute, always with an initial impulsive spike followed by a roughly exponential tail, typically one-hour durations, and with random event times averaging once-per-day. The typical flare energy E is over 1038 erg, while the yearly energy budget is 1041 erg. V2487 Oph Superflares obey three relations; the number distribution of flare energies scales as E−2.34 ± 0.35, the waiting time from one flare to the next is proportional to E of the first event, and flare durations scale as E0.44 ± 0.03. Scenarios involving gravitational energy and nuclear energy fail to satisfy the three relations. The magnetic energy scenario, however, can explain all three relations. This scenario has magnetic field lines above the disc being twisted and amplified by the motions of their footprints, with magnetic reconnection releasing energy that comes out as Superflare light. This exact mechanism is already well known to occur in white light solar flares, in ordinary M-type flare stars, and in the many Superflare stars observed all across the H-R diagram. Superflares on Superflare stars have rise times, light-curve shapes, and durations that are very similar to those on V2487 Oph. So we conclude that the V2487 Oph Superflares are caused by large-scale magnetic reconnection. V2487 Oph is now the most extreme Superflare star, exhibiting the largest known flare energy (1.6 × 1039 erg) and the fastest occurrence rate.