bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to improve the important traits in coffee
Authors: Santoso T J , Sisharmini A , Syafaruddin  
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoffee is an essential estate crop that has a tremendous economic impact globally and is cultivated in many countries worldwide. However, due to the long process, the genetic improvement of coffee to develop new varieties through conventional breeding is slow and difficult. In addition, its production is constrained mainly by biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, developing superior coffee varieties with tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and improved quality is vital. The invention of genome editing technology has evolved the technologies in agriculture. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a genome editing technique that more commonly applied for its simplicity, robustness, and high efficiency, compared to other techniques such as ZFN a nd TALEN. Furthermore, to develop new superior va rieties of coffee, the CRISPR/Cas9 system provides an opportunity to improve by adding desirable traits or removing unwanted characteristics. Therefore, genome editing techniques in coffee breeding can help to increase yield, resistant/tolerant of biotic a nd abiotic, reduce input costs, a nd improve product quality. This article discusses the latest innovations of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique applicable in agriculture and prospectively on genome editing to improve important characters in coffee.
The Role Several Types of Pollinator Insects in Pollination to Improve Fruit Setting in Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) in the Province of Central Sulawesi and North Sulawesi
Authors: Lumentut Novalisa , Alouw Jelfina , Santosa Budi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The several types of insects that are potential as pollinators in oil palm include Chelisoches morio (Dermaptera: Chelisochidae), Elaeidobius kamerunicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Thrips sp (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). The role of pollinator insects in oil palm plantations has been explored in oil palm plantations in the Provinces of Central Sulawesi and North Sulawesi. This study aims to study the types of insects that have the potential as pollinators in oil palms plants. The sampling method in the field was carried out by purposive sampling with the transec method at the location of oil palm plantations. Observation of pollinating insects was carried out on 120 oil palm trees (60 trees for observing male flowers and 60 trees for observing female flowers). The results showes that the type of insect very significantly affected the amount of pollen carried on its body. Individuals of C. morio can carry a higher amount of pollen 23%, E. kamerunicus 13.16%, ant and thrips 26.32%. This shows that the insect in the formation of quality and quantity of oil palma.
Screening of endophytic Trichoderma isolates to improve the growth and health of Eucalyptus pellita seedlings
Authors: Siregar B A , Liantiqomah D , Halimah  , Gafur A , Tjahjono B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since its first introduction to the Indonesian forest plantations, eucalyptus has been associated with pests and diseases. As a component of integrated disease management, some biocontrol agents have been developed to manage eucalyptus diseases. Application of endophytic Trichoderma is a critical option in this effort; it has been demonstrated in other pathosystems that the fungus can improve seedling growth and health. This study aims to screen and evaluate the effect of endophytic Trichoderma isolates on the growth and health of E. pellita seedlings. Field isolation resulted in 43 endophytic Trichoderma isolates. The isolates have the antagonistic ability with varied percentages of inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) against Rhizoctonia sp. (4.2–48.6%); Cylindrocladium sp. (4.8–43.5%); and Fusarium sp. (3.3–52.2%). Based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process on the variables of the growth rate of the isolates and their ability to inhibit several fungal pathogens, the best six isolates were selected for further tests. In general, the use of single and/or a consortium of the isolates increases seedling height and reduces the mortality rate of the seedlings. In summary, the tested isolates can improve plant vigor, which would later make the plant more resilient against root and foliar diseases in plantations.
The residual effect of soil amendments application on physical sandy soil properties and first ratoon sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Hariyono B , Dinarsih R V , Utomo W H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sugarcane cultivation in sandy soil is quite difficult because the sandy soil properties are less suitable for this crop. Soil amendment application might be important as a growth medium for sugarcane. This study aimed to improve the physical properties of sand-texture soil due to the residue of soil amendments application and their effect on first ratoon sugarcane. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with ten treatments and three replication. The treatment was soil amendments residue which had been applied in 2013 includes 10 t ha−1 of single soil amendment: sugarcane trash biochar (STB), sugarcane trash compost (STC), boiler ash (BA), cattle manure (CM); and 5+5 t ha−1 of combinations: STB+STC, STB+CM; BA+STC, BA+CM, BA+filter cake (FC), and control. The results showed that the residue of soil amendment at 11 months after ratooning significantly improved soil physical properties such as aggregate stability, bulk density, total porosity, and available water content. The residue treatments of STB, CM, STB+CM, gave better effect on soil properties and increased growth, but they did not significantly increase the yield of the first ratoon sugarcane. Therefore, further research is needed with a dose of soil amendments >10 t ha−1 in combination with nutrient treatments.
Endophytic colonization of entomopathogenic Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm) Zare & Gams PTN 10, and its effect on tobacco resistance against Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Yuningsih D , Anwar R , Wiyono S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Lecanicillium lecanii is a potential effective entomopathogen against various insect pests. Some isolates of Lecanicillium is also reported as endophytic. However, the information on endophytic colonization of L. lecanii PTN 10 and its role in conferring tobacco resistance against Myzus persicae is not available. The objective of the research was to determine the endophytic colonization ability of L. lecanii on tobacco plants and its effect on the biology and population growth of Myzus persicae. This research consisted of four treatments i.e. untreated plants (K), seed treated with conidia suspension of L. lecanii for 12 hours (P1), foliar spray using conidia suspension L. lecanii one week after transplanting (P2), and the combination of seed treatments and foliar spray. All treated tobacco plants were infested by first nymph of M. persicae one week after L. lecanii treatment. The observations include aspects of biology i.e. life cycle, fecundity, and the longevity of M. persicae. L. lecanii is proven able to colonize tobacco leaves endophytically. The fungus treatment on tobacco plants causes a prolonged life cycle, decreases fecundity, and significantly shortens longevity. Additionally, it suppresses population growth of M persicae.
Comparative effectiveness of three types of pheromones against Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Panzer) and Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) in Indonesia
Authors: Hosang M L A , Rahma  , Maskromo I , Alouw J C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Rhynchophorus vulneratus and Oryctes rhinoceros are two major pests that cause serious damage to coconut palms leading to a significant coconut yield loss. Several pheromones have shown the potential as lures for these insect pests. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of Oricmas, Rhynchomonas, and Feromonas, the three types of pheromones, against R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros. In this study, traps baited with each pheromone were installed at the four Research Stations of IPCRI in North Sulawesi, was infected by R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros.Two locations were selected in each station, and at each location, three traps were installed with different pheromones. The research was carried out from April to September 2020. A total number of 3723 R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros were trapped during the study. Oricmas pheromone showed the most effective to trap R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros compared to Rhynchomonas and Feromonas. The number of R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros trapped was 51.18% and 49.82%, respectively. Rhynchomonas demonstrated its effectiveness to trap R. vulneratus, while did Feromonas to O. rhinoceros. For monitoring and controlling R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros, Oricmas could be used, while Rhynchomonas and Feromonas for monitoring and controlling Rhynchophorus and Oryctes, respectively.
Effect of 6-benzyl amino purine on the multiplication ability of shoots of various sizes of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) bulbils
Authors: Ibrahim M S D , Sulistiyorini I , Tresniawati C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPorang plant is very prospective and developed because it has high economic value. The high demand for exports has resulted in increased needs for seeds. Tissue culture using plant regulator 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) has been widely used for seed propagation. This study aimed to examine the effect of adding BAP on the multiplication of shoots at different bulbil weights. Bulbils (corm leaf) were used as explants and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing BAP (according to treatment), 30 g L−1sucrose, and 2.5 g L−1phytagel. This study used two factors Completely Randomized Design with five replications. The first factor was concentrations of BAP i.e., 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg L−1and second factor was bulbil weight i.e., 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 g. There was significant interaction at the number of buds and shoots, but not for other parameters. The results showed that bulbil weight had a significant effect on the number of buds, shoots, and plantlet height, while the concentration of BAP had a significant effect on all parameters. Bulbil size < 1 gram can reproduce seeds with the highest multiplication ability when 3 mg L−1BAP was given.
Effects of drought stress and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on sudden-death disease (Cytospora euginae) development of clove
Authors: Budi F S , Widodo  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, a sudden-death disease caused by Cytospora euginae has been reported in several major clove-producing areas in Indonesia. Previous surveys indicated that drought stress factors are suspected of having an essential role in disease predisposition. This study aimed to know the effect of drought stress and PGPR treatments on disease development. The experiment was arranged in two randomized block designs with two treatments, drought stress, and PGPR. Drought stress treatment consisted of three levels, i.e., W1 = control or without drought stress on 80% field capacity (FC), W2=60% FC, and W3=50% FC, while the PGPR treatment consisted of two levels P1=with PGPR and P2=without PGPR. The results showed that a single treatment of drought stress significantly affected all the indicators of disease development. Meanwhile, its interaction with PGPR treatment only considerably delayed the development of bark canker symptoms. Drought on 60% and 50% field capacity significantly shortened the disease incubation period at 14.4 and 9.7 DAI, increased the disease incidence until 100%, increased area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) namely 505.8 and 572.2, and reduced plant defense response as indicated by a small number of callus formation namely 0.8 and 0.1callus per plants.
Diversity of morphological characters and seed growth of (Amorphaluus muelleri) plants based on sources of planting materials and growth media
Authors: Firdaus N K , Pranowo D , Herman M , Listyati D , Aunillah A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Amorphaluus muelleri has been popular among farmers, with the high demand in the world market. However, the information and knowledge on the provision of seed sources, which is also one of the limiting factors in A. muelleri cultivation technology. This research aimed to identify and characterize the morphological diversity and growth response of A. muelleri plants in polybags with two treatments of growing media as seed sources. This research was conducted in Pakuwon experimental station, the IIBCRI, Sukabumi, from October 2020 – April 2021. The study was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with two factors; source of planting materials (seeds, bulbils, small tubers), and growing media, soil + organic manure (1:1), and soil+organic manure+husk charcoal (1:1:1). The results showed the variability of morphological characters in weight of 100 grains, shape of sources, stem height, age of fully open leaf plants, stem diameter, number of leaves, the emergence of second shoots, canopy diameter, and presence of bulbils. While the results on plant growth rates of the interaction between the factors only occurred on plant height, shoots number, and tuber weight. Planting material from bulbils and growing media with the addition of husk charcoal gave the best response to each variable.
Efficacy of some plant extracts against mealybugs on cacao
Authors: Soesanthy F , Hapsari A D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mealybugs, Planococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), are the secondary pest on the cacao plant. However, this pest often infested cacao shoots in the nursery and causes the death of the seedling. Pest control efforts use existing materials plants in Indonesia and are relatively easy to make and adopt by stakeholders. The purpose of this research was to screen the efficacy of some plants extracts against mealybugs on cacao. We researched in the laboratory of pests and diseases, IIBCRI. Mealybugs were collected from cacao plantations and reared in the laboratory. The materials plants used for extraction were Cassia spectabilis leaves, Gliricidia sepium leaves, Cinnamomum burmannii leaves, Allium sativum bulbs, Reutealis trisperma fruits, and Cymbopogon nardus leaves. The methods were spraying the plant extracts on mealybugs directly (KS) and cacao pod (BS). The results showed that all types of oils at a concentration of 5% in the KS and BS methods could kill mealybugs equivalent to deltamethrin. The smallest value of LC50 3 DAT is at the MSW (KS), while at 7 DAT, LC50 7 DAT is at MDG (BS). The fastest LT50 value is at MSW (KS) 5%, while in the BS method, the fastest LT50 value is on the MBKS 5%.
Spatial analysis for land suitability of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Bogor District
Authors: Muliasari A A , Dewi H , Suwarto  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Arabica coffee requires land suitability criteria to support its growth and productivity. If an area has infertile soil conditions and has a climate that is not in accordance with the criteria for growing Arabica coffee, then several alternative solutions are needed to determine the suitability of land in that area. Insufficient knowledge about suitable land can contribute to inefficient land use. Information on land suitability for Arabica coffee in Bogor district is not yet available. This study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of potential land to develop of Arabica coffee commodities in Bogor. Hence, spatial analysis of land suitability was carried out by utilizing the capabilities of the Geographic Information System used an overlay based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM), agroclimatic variables, physical (adequate depth, soil texture), soil chemical properties (pH, base saturation, cation exchange capacity/CEC and land use information. The proportion of land suitability for Arabica coffee was classified into suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable consisted of 398.68 ha, 32,209.4 ha, and 266,617 ha of which area size. The potential land for Arabica coffee showed that there was 126 ha for S2 suitability class, 18,681.00 ha for S3 suitability class, and 280,418.58 ha for the non-potential land.
Potential of Trichoderma and mycorrhizae as biological agents for controlling Ganoderma boninense in oil palm
Authors: Nurzannah S E , Purnamasari I , Siagian D R , Ramija K E L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the problems in oil palm cultivation is Ganoderma boninense attack, the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) disease. Basal stem rot (BSR) is the most feared disease because the plant death rate can reach 80% in one area. The spread of this pathogen is relatively fast and not easy to control because it occurs through root contact between oil palm plants. Alternatives for controlling this disease are by using biological control agents. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential of Trichoderma and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) as biological agents and find out the recommendations for the formulation that is effective to control BSR of oil palm. Trichoderma and AMF can inhibit Ganoderma boninense. Recommendations for the best carrier material for the growth of Trichoderma in the field are bran and empty fruit bunch (EFB), while the carrier material for AMF growth is zeolite so that it can extend the latent period to 71 days, disease severity to 38.3%, disease incidence to 46.7%, infection rate to 0.23. The combined application of the AMF formulation and the Trichoderma spp formulation can be recommended as a preventive measure for basal stem rot in oil palm plantations.
Urgency to accelerate replanting of Indonesian oil palm: A review of the role of seed institutions
Authors: Ardana I K , Wulandari S , Hartati R S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The achievement of expanding the area and volume of Indonesian palm oil production does not in line with the productivity. The productivity of Indonesian oil palm is inseparable from the age of the plants, most of which have exceeded their productive age. In addition, there are indications that the use of illegitimate seeds is relatively significant, causing yield gaps to potential productivity. Efforts to increase the productivity and sustainability of oil palm plantations have been carried out by forming a particular agency that collects and manages oil palm plantation funds. One of the programs to increase productivity and sustainability is the “Replanting of Smallholder Palm Oil (PSR)” with a grant scheme for participating farmers selected based on specific requirements. The progress of replanting realization is plodding. The target of 180,000 hectares per year cannot be realized. Accelerated breakthroughs without neglecting the primary mission of increasing productivity and sustainability are very urgent. This paper describes the results of a review on the importance of supporting seed institutional innovation for the acceleration of PSR towards increasing productivity and sustainability of Indonesian oil palm plantations.
Eucalyptus replanting model representation for sustainable productivity: A review
Authors: Sembiring Nurhayati , Napitupulu Humala Lodewijk , Sembiring Meilita Tryana , Sipahutar Aulia Ishak , Yesica Lydia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The stable natural resources will encourage the productivity of sustainable eucalyptus replanting for the benefit of human life. Replanting eucalyptus plants is one of the things that drive sustainable productivity in eucalyptus processing. Eucalyptus replanting planning requires supporting tool decisions to increase productivity, analyze variability, climate change, measure environmental impacts, and maximize profits. The paper aims to evaluate various models in representing the replanting of sustainable eucalyptus used for crop management. In this review, the discussion started from the history of eucalyptus, the approach to the compilation of literature reviews, the method for reviewing the literature, yields and discussions, and finally providing some significant recommendations. Reviews of physiological models based on 3PG (Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth) processes are considered capable of being optimal support tools in the management of sustainability strategies to evaluate the growth of eucalyptus plant. Its usefulness in providing simulations about the impacts of climate change, simulation of forest management practices, the impact of hydrology on forests, the attributes of location to standing growth, biomass dynamics and potential disruption to forest ecosystems make this model a supporting tool in forest management sustainability strategies. Review literature was obtained relevant literature for qualitative analysis from 2010 to 2021.
Exploration and preliminary analysis of sengkubak (Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Diels)) as natural food flavouring additive prospect
Authors: Iriani E S , Kurniasari I , Sujianto  , Subekti A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Sengkubak is a native plant to Southeast Asia which mainly grows in the Kalimantan and Sumatra Islands. The local community grows it as a natural flavour enhancer as historical heredity. This paper aims to find a deeper potential prospect, exploration, and preliminary testing of glutamic acid as a natural flavouring agent. This research used a hybrid approach through laboratory testing and literature studies related to user community information, economic prospects. The collecting process and drying were carried out at West Kalimantan Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, while extraction activities were carried out at ISMCRI. The glutamic acid analysis used Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) at the Saraswanti Indogenetic laboratory. The results show that sengkubak has not been cultivated well and harvested wild. The yield value of the extract produced using water and ethanol solvent 96% were 21.23% and 17.43%, respectively. By water and ethanol solvent, the concentrated extract contained the glutamic acid 2,845.82 mg/kg and 1979.32 mg/kg, respectively. Further research is needed to create prototypes of derivative products from sengkubak extract with water solvent extracts to be used commercially.
A literature review on cocoa fermentation techniques to shorten fermentation time
Authors: Rahardjo Y P , Rahardja S , Samsudin  , Saidah  , Dalapati A , Amalia A F , Purwaningsih H , Syamsu K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Indonesia’s cocoa processing industry has a high demand for fermented cocoa but only about 49% of the fermented cocoa is available. Fermentation is critical because it kills the cotyledons and generates aroma precursors. Indonesian farmers, on the other hand, are hesitant to ferment due to the lengthy fermentation process (6-7 days). The purpose of this study is to conduct a review of several modified cocoa fermentation techniques to determine how they can be used to shorten the fermentation time. The database was compiled from articles published in peer-reviewed journals on cocoa fermentation. The literature search was conducted using the website openknowledgemaps.org, which utilized Pubmed (life science) to discover full-text articles published in English between January 1990 and January 2021. The results indicated that fermentation time could be decreased by (1) adding inoculum, (2) determining the pH and temperature required to activate an intracellular enzyme, (3) Addition of external enzymes during fermentation, and (4) reducing the pulp content. Combining these methods to improve fermentation techniques can enhance the quality of farmers’ cocoa beans in a shorter processing time.