bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International requirements and national practice compliance with the conditions of deprivation of liberty
Authors: Егорова Татьяна Игоревна 
Published: April 2022

Неотъемлемым элементом национальной практики применения лишения свободы является учет требований международно-правовых актов в сфере исполнения и отбывания наказаний. Обеспечение условий изоляции осужденных, соответствующих потребностям гуманизации, правопорядка и безопасности, а также необходимой строгости карательного воздействия выступает гарантией эффективности уголовно-правового принуждения. Условия отбывания лишения свободы создают возможности лимитизированного объема удовлетворения важнейших потребностей осужденных, связанных с их жизнедеятельностью и развитием в условиях изоляции. При этом создается необходимая для применения наказания депривационная обстановка, формируются стимулы для исправления и формирования позитивной ресоциализационной направленности личности. Существенное значение для национальной пенитенциарной практики имеют рекомендации международно-правового характера, касающиеся оборудования жилых помещений, а также иных возможностей для поддержания здоровья в условиях изоляции. Они позволяют обеспечить психологическое и физическое благополучие осужденных, отбывающих наказание в исправительных учреждениях.
An integral element of the national practice of applying deprivation of liberty is taking into account the requirements of international legal acts in the field of execution and serving of sentences. Ensuring the conditions of isolation of convicts that meet the needs of humanization, law and order and security, as well as the necessary severity of punitive impact, are a guarantee of the effectiveness of criminal law enforcement. The conditions of serving of imprisonment create opportunities for a limited amount of satisfaction of the most important needs of convicts related to their vital activity and development in isolation. At the same time, the necessary diprivation environment is created for the application of punishment, incentives are formed for correction and the formation of a positive resocialization orientation of the individual. Recommendations of an international legal nature concerning the equipment of residential premises, as well as other opportunities for maintaining health in isolation, are of significant importance for national penitentiary practice. They make it possible to ensure the psychological and physical well-being of convicts serving sentences in correctional institutions.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Mesleki Değer Algıları: Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecine İlişkin Tanımlayıcı Çalışma
Authors: KARAMAN Funda 
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde hemşirelik öğrencilerinin mesleki değer algıları ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın örneklemini, bir üniversitenin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümünde öğrenim gören 472 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Hemşirelerin Mesleki Değerleri Ölçeği-Revize kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmada ölçeğin toplam puan ortalaması 106.61±16.59’dur. Öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu, hemşirelik bölümünü mesleğe olan kişisel ilgisinden dolayı seçtiğini, kendisini mesleğe uygun bulduğunu, hemşireliği profesyonel bir meslek olarak gördüğünü, mezuniyetten sonra hemşire olarak çalışmak istediğini ve hemşirelik mesleğine olumlu bakış açısına sahip olduğunu belirtmiştir. Katılımcıların %75.8’i pandemi sürecinde bu mesleği seçtiğine pişman olmadığını ve %94.1’i pandemi süresince hemşirelik mesleğinin ne kadar değerli olduğunu anladığını ifade etmiştir.
Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin mesleki değer algıları yüksek bulunmuş olup 4. sınıfta okuyan öğrencilerin, sağlık meslek lisesi mezunu öğrencilerin, hemşirelik mesleğini profesyonel bir meslek olarak görenlerin ve mezuniyetten sonra hemşire olarak çalışmak isteyenlerin mesleki değer algısı daha yüksektir.
HASTANE ÖNCESİ ACİL SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ ÇALIŞANLARINA UYGULANAN ÖLÇEKLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÇEKİÇ Kadir , EKŞİ Ali 
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Sağlık alanında yapılan araştırmalarda ölçüm aracı olarak genellikle yurt dışında geliştirilen ve Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan ölçüm araçları kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızın, araştırmacıların geçerli ve güvenilir yeni ölçüm araçları geliştirirken onlara katkı sağlayacağı ve zamanı daha iyi kullanabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. Çalışmamız, hastane öncesi acil sağlık hizmetleri (HÖASH) bilim alanında veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmak amacıyla geliştirilmiş ya da Türkçeye uyarlanmış ölçeklerin değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Veri taraması Türkiye Ölçme Araçları Dizini (TOAD), YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi, Türkiye Atıf Dizini, TR Dizin, Pudmed elektronik veri tabanları ve Google Schoolar internet arama motoru üzerinden 2000-2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tarama Türkçe ve İngilizce dilinde belirlenen; “Paramedik, Paramedic, scale, Prehospital, hastane öncesi, ölçek, acil sağlık hizmetleri, emergency medical service” anahtar kelimeleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: 2000-2021 yılları arasında kullanılmış 33 ölçekten, 20 ölçek doğrudan HÖASH çalışanlarına uygulanmıştır. HÖASH çalışanları ile ilgili geliştirilen ölçekleri, dört farklı alanda gruplandırmak mümkündür. Bunları, HÖASH çalışanlarının emasyonel durumu; eğitim durumu ve fiziksel uygunluk durumu; afet bilgi ve hazırlık durumu; güvenlik ve mesleki risklerle ilgili ölçekler olarak sıralamak mümkündür.
Sonuç: HÖASH, tıbbın en genç ve gelişime açık bilim alanlarından birisidir. Genel olarak bakıldığında alan ile ilgili tüm konularda yapılacak bilimsel çalışmalar büyük önem taşımakta olup, literatüründeki mevcut birçok çalışmada olduğu gibi yeni çalışmalarda da veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılabilecek ölçeklerin geliştirilmesi ya da Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenlilik çalışmalarının yapılması önemlidir. Türkiye’de yapılacak araştırmalar için mesleki güvenlik ve risklerle ilgili çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri (HÖASH), Bilimsel Araştırma, Veri Toplama Aracı, Ölçek
The Contribution of internal audit to the corporate performance: a proposal of measurement indicators
Authors: HILMI Yassine , FATINE Fatima Ezzahra 
Published: April 2022

This paper relies on the link between internal audit and corporate performance.
Indeed, internal audit is an important function in the company as it plays the role of counselor to good management and towards improving the competitiveness of organizations. However, to fully take this role, structure of internal audit is expected to have qualified staff who care for the effectiveness of procedures and control costs. An effective audit helps to increase business performance through risk management, by improving production and management processes and maintaining an internal control itself which will arise later in a in a contribution performance.
The objective of this article is to propose and calculate indicators that will allow us to measure the contribution of the structure of internal audit performance. To collect data for this study, we conducted in-depth interviews and a survey using a questionnaire to various employees of an SME
Effect of Vascular Comorbidity on Visual and Disability Outcomes in a Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trial Cohort
Authors: Shangraw Kathleen , Murchison Charles F. , Silbermann Elizabeth , Spain Rebecca I. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Vascular comorbidity (VC) is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression and visual dysfunction. The longitudinal effect of VC in people with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) is unclear. This study explored the impact of VC on standard clinical, MRI, and visual outcomes in people with SPMS enrolled in a clinical trial.

METHODS
Data were extracted from a 2-year randomized controlled trial (N = 51) testing the supplement lipoic acid in people with SPMS who underwent annual Expanded Disability Status Scales, Timed 25-Foot Walk tests, MRIs, visual acuity testing, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses per optical coherence tomography (OCT). Post hoc linear mixed-effects regression analysis compared baseline and annualized outcomes between participants without VC (VC−) and with 1 or more VCs (VC+) (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, peripheral or cardiovascular disease, tobacco use).

RESULTS
The VC− (n = 19) and VC+ (n = 28) participants were similar in age, sex, and MS disease duration and had comparable MS disability, mobility, and brain atrophy at baseline and throughout the 2-year parent study. The VC+ participants had worse baseline visual acuity than those in the VC− group by 0.13 logMAR (P = .041). No significant differences were detected in RNFL or GCIPL baseline thickness or atrophy between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
In an SPMS cohort, VC had an inconsistent effect on standard clinical, MRI, and exploratory OCT outcomes, suggesting that the effect of VC may not be evident in smaller cohort studies. Using a more refined definition of VC in future, adequately powered investigations may help effectively elucidate and account for the interaction between vascular risk burden and MS disability.
Five new mitogenomes sequences of Calidridine sandpipers (Aves: Charadriiformes) and comparative mitogenomics of genus Calidris
Authors: Chen Wan , Miao Keer , Wang Junqi , Wang Hao , Sun Wan , Yuan Sijia , Luo Site , Hu Chaochao , Chang Qing 
Published: April 2022

Background
The genus Calidris (Charadriiformes, Scolopacidae) includes shorebirds known as dunlin, knots, and sanderlings. The relationships between species nested within Calidris, including Eurynorynchus, Limicola and Aphriza, are not well-resolved.

Methods
Samples were collected from Xiaoyangkou, Rudong County, Jiangsu Province, China. Mitogenomes were sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform for PE 2 × 150 bp sequencing, and then checked for PCR products. Protein-coding genes were determined using an Open Reading Frame Finder. tRNAscan-SE, MITOS, and ARWEN were used to confirm tRNA and rRNA annotations. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted using DnaSP 5.1 and MEGA X. Phylogenic trees were constructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses.

Results
We sequenced and annotated the mitogenome of five species and obtained four complete mitogenomes and one nearly complete mitogenome. Circular mitogenomes displayed moderate size variation, with a mean length of 16,747 bp, ranging from 16,642 to 16,791 bp. The mitogenome encoded a control region and a typical set of 37 genes containing two rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 22 tRNA genes. There were four start codons, four stop codons, and one incomplete stop codon (T–). The nucleotide composition was consistently AT-biased. The average uncorrected pairwise distances revealed heterogeneity in the evolutionary rate for each gene; the COIII had a slow evolutionary rate, whereas the ATP8 gene had a fast rate. dN/dS analysis indicated that the protein-coding genes were under purifying selection. The genetic distances between species showed that the greatest genetic distance was between Eurynorhynchus pygmeus and Limicola falcinellus (22.5%), and the shortest was between E. pygmeus and Calidris ruficollis (12.8%). Phylogenetic trees revealed that Calidris is not a monophyletic genus, as species from the genera Eurynorynchus and Limicola were nested within Calidris. The molecular data obtained in this study are valuable for research on the taxonomy, population genetics, and evolution of birds in the genus Calidris.
Caracterización de spin-off universitarias de base tecnológica: el caso de una universidad pública en el estado de Guanajuato
Authors: Catalina Rangel León María , López Salazar Alejandra , Molina Sánchez Rubén 
Published: April 2022

Las innovaciones y el desarrollo tecnológico tienen un impacto local, económico y social importante, por lo que se vuelve relevante el fomento de procesos de I+D+i en las regiones. Las universidades constituyen uno de los centros encargados de generación de nuevos conocimientos que propician dichos procesos, esos nuevos conocimientos la llevan a buscar su aplicabilidad para la satisfacción de necesidades sociales. Uno de los mecanismos existentes para dicha aplicabilidad corresponde a spin-off universitarias de base tecnológica que representan nuevas empresas creadas a partir de la universidad resultado de conocimientos científicos y técnicos en ciencias e ingenierías. Es así como el objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en caracterizar a las spin-off universitarias de base tecnológica, de una universidad pública del estado de Guanajuato. El estudio corresponde a un estudio de caso, con un enfoque cualitativo empleando el diseño etnográfico; se realizaron un total de veinticuatro entrevistas a profundidad a spin-off universitarias de base tecnológica de una universidad pública del estado de Guanajuato, colaboradores de estas y a personal universitario de áreas de vinculación, extensión, proyectos y posgrados. Los resultados se agruparon en tres familias de códigos y veintidós categorías de análisis, destacándose que pueden surgir de manera planeada y no planeada. La institución de la que se desprende la spin-off es la universidad. Cuentan con figura jurídica propia, con una estructura financiera de asociados, joint venture o propia y el titular de la empresa es o fue el inventor/emprendedor y trabaja o trabajó en la universidad.
Inclusão no ensino superior: ações do Núcleo de Acessibilidade e Apoio Psicopedagógico de uma instituição de ensino
Authors: Cristina Gomes Batista Renata , Silva Vivas Eliane , Soares Nunes Thiago 
Published: April 2022

Com o fomento das transformações sofridas no contexto educacional e organizacional, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) buscam atender as demandas dos alunos com deficiência que necessitam de educação assistida, com o compromisso de garantir o acesso a todos à educação e valorização da diversidade humana. Desta forma, o presente artigo tem como finalidade investigar as ações do Núcleo de Acessibilidade e Apoio Psicopedagógico (NAAP) de uma IES, localizada na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte em relação aos alunos com deficiência. O estudo caracteriza-se como estudo de caso, qualitativo, descritivo, realizado por meio de entrevistas a funcionários do setor e análise documental. As ações do programa são voltadas tanto aos alunos com deficiência, desde o apoio individual a adaptação e acompanhamento em sala de aula, quanto aos docentes na criação do plano de intervenção. Observou-se que o NAAP promove ações que minimizam a discriminação dos alunos com deficiência no ensino superior e abre espaços para discussões relacionadas à equidade e respeito aos diferentes. No entanto, identificou barreira atitudinal de alguns docentes, em reverter o cenário excludente vivido por esses estudantes. Identificou também que como toda construção, faltam recursos para que as informações cheguem aos alunos deficientes, assim como os demais alunos sem deficiência recebem.
Formation of Pixelated Elastic Films via Capillary Suction of Curable Elastomers in Templated Hele–Shaw Cells
Authors: Badaoui Mohamed , Kresge Grace , Ushay Christopher , Marthelot Joel , Brun P.‐T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural materials are highly organized, frequently possessing intricate and sophisticated hierarchical structures from which superior properties emerge. In the wake of biomimicry, there is a growing interest in designing architected materials in the laboratory as such structures could enable myriad functionalities in engineering. Yet, their fabrication remains challenging despite recent progress in additive manufacturing. In particular, soft materials are typically poorly suited to form the requisite structures consisting of regular geometries. Here, a new frugal methodology is reported to fabricate pixelated soft materials. This approach is conceptually analogous to the watershed transform used in image analysis and allows the passive assembly of complex geometries through the capillary‐mediated flow of curable elastomers in confined geometries. Emerging from sources distributed across a Hele–Shaw cell consisting of two parallel flat plates separated by an infinitesimally small gap, these flows eventually meet at the “dividing lines” thereby forming Voronoi tesselations. After curing is complete, these structures turn into composite elastic sheets. Rationalizing the fluid mechanics at play allows the structural geometry of the newly formed sheets to be tailored and thereby their local material properties to be tuned.
Salt‐Assisted 2H‐to‐1T′ Phase Transformation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Lai Zhuangchai , Yao Yao , Li Siyuan , Ma Lu , Zhang Qinghua , Ge Yiyao , Zhai Wei , Chi Banlan , Chen Bo , Li Lujiang , Wang Lei , Zheng Zijian , Gu Lin , Du Yonghua , Zhang Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN) has demonstrated great potential in the fields of catalysis, electronics, energy storage and conversion, and condensed matter physics. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with unconventional metastable phases (e.g., 1T and 1T′) have attracted increasing research interest due to their unique and appealing physicochemical properties. However, there is still a lack of a simple, universal, and controlled method for the preparation of large‐scale and high‐purity unconventional‐phase TMD crystals, restricting their further fundamental study and practical applications. Here, a facile, one‐step salt‐assisted general strategy is reported for the controlled phase transformation of commercially available TMDs with conventional 2H phase, yielding a large amount of metastable 1T′‐phase TMDs, including WS2, WSe2, MoS2, and MoSe2. It is found that the easily accessible metal salts, such as K2C2O4·H2O, K2CO3, Na2CO3, Rb2CO3, Cs2CO3, KHCO3, NaHCO3, and NaC2O4, can be used to assist the 2H‐to‐1T′ phase transformation, greatly simplifying the synthetic process for producing metastable 1T′‐TMDs. Importantly, this method can also be used to prepare 1T′‐TMD alloys, such as 1T′‐WS2xSe2(1−x). This newly developed strategy is robust and highly effective, which can also be used for the phase engineering of other materials with various polymorphs.
Record‐Efficiency Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Multifunctional Organic Ions Interface Passivation
Authors: Yang Lu , Feng Jiangshan , Liu Zhike , Duan Yuwei , Zhan Sheng , Yang Shaomin , He Kun , Li Yong , Zhou Yawei , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) have attracted great attention because of their unique advantages in lightweight and portable electronics applications. However, their efficiencies are far inferior to those of their rigid counterparts. Herein, a novel histamine diiodate (HADI) is designed based on theoretical study to modify the SnO2/perovskite interface. Systematic experimental results reveal that the HADI serves effectively as a multifunctional agent mainly in three aspects: 1) surface modification to realign the SnO2 conduction band upward to improve interfacial charge extraction; 2) passivating the buried perovskite surface, and 3) bridging between the SnO2 and perovskite layers for effective charge transfer. Consequently, the rigid MA‐free PSCs based on the HADI‐SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) display not only a high champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.79% and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.20 V but also outstanding stability as demonstrated by the PSCs preserving 91% of their initial efficiencies after being exposed to ambient atmosphere for 1200 h without any encapsulation. Furthermore, the solution‐processed HADI‐SnO2 ETL formed at low temperature (100 °C) is utilized in f‐PSCs that achieve a PCE as high as 22.44%, the highest reported PCE for f‐PSCs to date.
Rational Design of Better Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting: A Review
Authors: Liu Fan , Shi Chengxiang , Guo Xiaolei , He Zexing , Pan Lun , Huang Zhen‐Feng , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe excessive dependence on fossil fuels contributes to the majority of CO2 emissions, influencing on the climate change. One promising alternative to fossil fuels is green hydrogen, which can be produced through water electrolysis from renewable electricity. However, the variety and complexity of hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts currently studied increases the difficulty in the integration of catalytic theory, catalyst design and preparation, and characterization methods. Herein, this review first highlights design principles for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, presenting the thermodynamics, kinetics, and related electronic and structural descriptors for HER. Second, the reasonable design, preparation, mechanistic understanding, and performance enhancement of electrocatalysts are deeply discussed based on intrinsic and extrinsic effects. Third, recent advancements in the electrocatalytic water splitting technology are further discussed briefly. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the development of highly efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts for water splitting are proposed.
Thermodynamically Driven Synthetic Optimization for Cation‐Disordered Rock Salt Cathodes
Authors: Cai Zijian , Zhang Ya‐Qian , Lun Zhengyan , Ouyang Bin , Gallington Leighanne C. , Sun Yingzhi , Hau Han‐Ming , Chen Yu , Scott Mary C. , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRelating the synthesis conditions of materials to their functional performance has long been an experience‐based trial‐and‐error process. However, this methodology is not always efficient in identifying an appropriate protocol and can lead to overlooked opportunities for the performance optimization of materials through simple modifications of the synthesis process. In this work, the authors systematically track the structural evolution in the synthesis of a representative disordered rock salt (a promising next‐generation Li‐ion cathode material) at the scale of both the long‐range crystal structure and the short‐range atomic structure using various in situ and ex situ techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and pair distribution function analysis. An optimization strategy is proposed for the synthesis protocol, leading to a remarkably enhanced capacity (specific energy) of 313 mAh g−1 (987 Wh kg−1) at a low rate (20 mA g−1), with a capacity of more than 140 mAh g−1 retained even at a very high cycling rate of 2000 mA g−1. This strategy is further rationalized using ab initio calculations, and important opportunities for synthetic optimization demonstrated in this study are highlighted.