bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progresses in Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Dassanayaka Dumindu G. , Alves Tiago M. , Wanasekara Nandula D. , Dharmasena Ishara G. , Ventura João 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntegrating electronics with clothing and the human body to support people's lifestyle is quickly becoming a reality. Some of these electronics, including health sensors, communication devices, and personal electronics, contain the potential to revolutionize life in the future. One of the most demanding aspects of such electronic designs is their power supply systems, which necessitate not only a continuous power supply, but also wearable characteristics and durability, which many conventional power‐supply methods have failed to fulfill. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which depends on static charging between materials, can convert mechanical vibrations into electricity. TENGs are foreseen as a leading candidate to power wearable electronics due to their advantages such as high instantaneous power outputs and efficiency, low cost, ease of fabrication, lightweight, and wearability. This paper is a comprehensive review on the most prominent wearable TENG categories; textiles‐based TENGs for clothing applications, footwear‐incorporated TENG designs, and other TENG accessories. Herein, the most important developments in these categories, with a focus on their materials, fabrication, features, advantages, and drawbacks, are examined. Finally, a detailed analysis is provided on the main challenges impeding the progress of wearable TENGs with the insights into potential improvement techniques, targeting the widespread commercialization of this technology.
Intergranular Diffusion‐Assisted Liquid‐Phase Chemical Vapor Deposition for Wafer‐Scale Synthesis of Patternable 2D Semiconductors
Authors: Seo Jihyung , Kim Jiha , Lee Junghyun , Koo Donghwan , Jeong Gyujeong , Choi Yunseong , Son Eun bin , Park Hyesung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract2D semiconductors have attracted considerable interest in the quest to overcome some of the challenges associated with 3D bulk semiconductors. The application of 2D semiconductors in transistor‐based electronic devices requires a reliable patterning technology with thickness controllability for continued transistor scaling. In this study, a facile synthesis approach is developed that allows direct patterning of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with thickness controllability at the wafer scale through intergranular diffusion‐assisted liquid‐phase chemical vapor deposition using a sacrificial metal layer. By depositing a liquid‐phase transition metal precursor onto the pre‐patterned polycrystalline Ni/SiO2 substrate, a directly patterned transition metal layer can be formed on SiO2 via intergranular diffusion through the Ni grain boundaries, enabling the growth of patternable TMDs with a controllable thickness. The as‐synthesized directly patterned WS2 transistor exhibits typical n‐type transport behavior with a stable photoswitching performance. The proposed patterning technique can make the application of 2D semiconductors in advanced electronic devices more viable.
Magnetostrictive and Electroconductive Stress‐Sensitive Functional Spider Silk
Authors: Spizzo Federico , Greco Gabriele , Del Bianco Lucia , Coïsson Marco , Pugno Nicola M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectronics and soft robotics demand the development of a new generation of hybrid materials featuring novel properties. Among these, remarkable mechanical properties are required to sustain mechanical stresses, and electrical and magnetic properties are essential to design the devices’ interface. In this study, a hybrid material is presented, consisting of a spider silk thread, providing mechanical robustness, coated with a layer of a magnetostrictive FeCo alloy, which ensures both electrical conductivity and stress‐sensitive magnetic properties. The durability and the homogeneity of the composite are validated, as well as its ability to respond to magnetic and mechanical stimuli. Despite the coating, the soft nature of the silk and its mechanical performances are preserved. The magnetic study reveals that the magnetic behavior of the film is strongly affected by the silk thread–FeCo layer interaction, especially under mechanical stresses. Indeed, when the composite is subjected to tensile strain, the magnetic signal changes accordingly, indicating that the layer–silk interaction is maintained and can be exploited to reveal the tensional state of the sample even under severe cycles. Therefore, the presented hybrid material is a flexible fiber with properties that are suitable for magneto‐electronics applications, e.g., magnetic actuators as well as strain/stress sensors.
Inhibition of H2 and O2 Recombination: The Key to a Most Efficient Single‐Atom Co‐Catalyst for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Plain Water
Authors: Hwang Imgon , Mazare Anca , Will Johannes , Yokosawa Tadahiro , Spiecker Erdmann , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the present work, it is shown that anodic TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) can be decorated with Pt, Pd, Rh, and Au single atoms (SAs) by a simple “dark deposition” approach. Such TiO2 NTs with surface trapped noble metal SAs provide a high activity for photocatalytic H2 generation from pure water, i.e., in absence of a sacrificial agent. However, noble metals also act as active centers in the undesired hydrogen back‐oxidation (H2 + O2 → H2O), leading to a decrease in the overall photocatalytic H2 production efficiency. Here it is reported that the use of noble metal co‐catalysts, in the form of single atoms, can inhibit this recombination. From the different noble‐metal SAs investigated, Pd SAs yield the highest H2 production rate of 0.381 µmol h−1 cm−1 at a density of 0.41 × 105 Pd atoms µm−2. Overall, the results provide a path to a highly efficient photocatalytic performance for water splitting by the suppression of the H2/O2 recombination, which can be effectively achieved using Pd in the form of SAs as photocatalytic co‐catalysts.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes from Organic Radicals with Charge Control
Authors: Cho Hwan‐Hee , Kimura Shun , Greenham Neil C. , Tani Yuki , Matsuoka Ryota , Nishihara Hiroshi , Friend Richard H. , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Evans Emrys W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganic radicals with fluorescence from doublet‐spin energy manifolds circumvent efficiency limits from singlet–triplet photophysics in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) in radicals enables the higher potential performance. The SOMO also presents substantially lower energy frontier orbitals compared to conventional fluorescent emitters for device operation, which can cause severe electron trapping that limits the performance of radical OLEDs. To improve optoelectronic performance, electron donor–acceptor‐mixed hosts are used to control charge transport for enhanced radical electroluminescence by charge recombination on SOMO and frontier orbitals. The (2‐chloro‐3‐pyridyl)bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl‐based radical is designed to test the charge‐controlled device architectures in OLEDs by transient analysis and device characterization studies. Efficient radical OLEDs with 4.7% maximum external quantum efficiency are reported—showing substantial advances in performance for OLEDs with peak emission beyond 800 nm. In addition, substantially improved performance at higher current density operation and more than two orders of higher lifetime stability are achieved with mixed hosts. These results enable pathways to infrared‐emitting devices with applications ranging from communications to bioimaging.
Color Palette Tactic for Multicolor Electrochromics Enabled by Electrolyte Thermochromic Engineering
Authors: Xing Xing , Wang Mi , Meng Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrochromism is a reversible color change triggered by the external electrical field, which can be utilized in smart windows, displays, etc. The ability to display multiple colors in a single electrochromic device is highly beneficial for the versatile applications of the electrochromic technique. Yet, achieving the ability to adopt multiple colors in one electrochromic device has proven to be a challenging task by merely using the conventional chemical structure engineering of the electrochromic materials. In this study, a thermochromic electrolyte is introduced. A multicolor electrochromic prototype device is produced by integrating the thermochromic engineered electrolyte together with electrochromic material in which both can independently contribute to the coloring of the device. This “color palette” strategy gives an additional degree of freedom and extensive flexibility to the design of multicolor electrochromic devices. It introduces a new pathway for producing multicolor electrochromic devices and removes a bottleneck imposed by conventional strategies merely depending on the electrochromic material structure engineering. Moreover, it inspires further development of electrolytes, that share the responsibility of tuning the optical properties of electrochromic devices together with the electrochromic materials, thereby accelerating and diversifying the applications of electrochromics in industry.
Preserving High‐Q Lattice Plasmon Resonances for Poor Spatial Coherence of Light: Application in Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Zhu Yisong , Yuan Qingchen , Yu Peng , Movsesyan Artur , Li Peihang , Caputo Roberto , Govorov Alexander O. , Gan Xuetao , Wang Zhiming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurface lattice plasmon resonances (SLPR) in periodic arrays of metal nanostructures can feature a narrow spectral linewidth in case of the spectral overlap between the localized plasmons and Rayleigh anomalies. However, because of strong angular dispersion in experimental realizations, the excitation of SLPR requires collimated light, which has high spatial coherence. Here, excellent quality (Q)‐factor preservation in 1D all‐metallic nanograting metasurfaces due to the unique angular dispersion is reported. A high Q‐factor around 400 is obtained even when poor collimation, a numerical aperture (NA) objective with NA = 0.4, is employed for focusing the excitation light. With the advantages of highly focused excitation and high Q‐factor of the SLPR, a strong enhancement of second harmonic generation is realized from the proposed metasurface integrated with a few‐layers of GaSe flake. The results demonstrate that a 1D all‐metallic nanograting metasurface can overcome the demand for collimated light for the SLP resonances and manipulate focused light beams. The avenue of research proposed in this paper can open the door for the use of plasmonic metamaterials with SLPRs in many practical applications involving poorly coherent light sources, like the optoelectronic devices utilizing solar and daylight illuminations.
Blue‐Light‐Excited Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/xKBr(KI) at Room Temperature and Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Gong Xiao‐Kai , Li Lan , Xu Jian‐Ping , Ding Ru‐Kun , Zhang Zhao‐Wei , Li Qian , Liu Long , Zhang Xiao‐Song 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLead‐free halide double perovskites continue to draw increasing attention in view of their nontoxicity and stability compared to lead‐based perovskites. High‐end full‐color displays and white light illumination are based on blue‐light excitation. However, the excitation of blue light of lead‐free halide double perovskites Cs2AgInCl6 at room temperature faces a great challenge, which is crucial to its commercial application. In this study, Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/xKBr(KI), which can be excited under blue light, have been synthesized by solid‐phase compression method. Under blue‐light excitation, Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/16KBr and Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/16KI emit 605 nm orange light and 665 nm red light, respectively. Based on that, orange and red light‐emitting devices are fabricated excited by blue light. The performance of blue‐light excitation can not only make the double perovskites widely used in light‐emitting devices, but also as a light‐emitting down‐shift layer in photovoltaic devices to improve the performance of photovoltaic modules. With the Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/16KBr, the power conversion efficiency of the Si solar cell increases 4.80% and 8.14% under the sunlight and white light‐emitting devices, respectively. The blue‐light excitation of lead‐free double perovskites at room temperature offers greater development potential in the field of display devices and optoelectronics.
Broadband Chiro‐Optical Effects for Futuristic Meta‐Holographic Displays
Authors: Khaliq Hafiz Saad , Kim Joohoon , Naeem Taimoor , Riaz Kashif , Badloe Trevon , Seong Junhwa , Akbar Jehan , Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Massoud Yehia , Rho Junsuk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFuturistic holographic displays will essentially require broadband chiro‐optical effects for medical imaging, virtual reality, smart security, and optical encryption. However, conventional metasurfaces cannot provide such on‐chip realization of broadband chiro‐optical effects. Moreover, the simultaneous conversion of amplitude, polarization, and phase (APP) at optical wavelengths to introduce giant chirality has not been realized yet. In this paper, a planar all‐dielectric metasurface is proposed incorporating extra degrees of freedom to comprehend the conversion of APP with broadband chiro‐optical effects in terms of giant asymmetric transmission with maximum efficiency of ≈77% at the wavelength of 567 nm. The underlying mechanism behind induced chiro‐optical effects is also investigated using higher‐order multipolar dielectric resonances. Moreover, experimental validation is performed using the reproduced polarization‐encrypted meta‐holograms at broadband visible wavelengths. This work expands the scope of meta‐nanophotonics with potential applications in bioimaging and polarization‐encrypted displays for healthcare and smart security applications.
Enhanced Thermal Stability and Energy Transfer by Crystal‐Field Engineering in a Garnet Phosphor for Thermometry and NIR‐LED
Authors: Zhou Luhui , Lyu Zeyu , Sun Dashuai , Shen Sida , Tan Taixing , Wang Lixuan , Zhao Hanwei , You Hongpeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is of significant importance to tailor the luminescent properties of Cr3+ ions as efficient near‐infrared (NIR) emitter for extended optical applications. Here, crystal field engineering is explored to tailor the luminescent properties of a Cr3+‐doped garnet, Lu2Ca1 ‐ xSrxAl4SiO12 (x = 0–1). As Ca2+ is substituted by Sr2+, the emission of Cr3+ becomes sharper with longer lifetime, indicating that the 2Eg→4A2g transition becomes dominant. More importantly, the thermal stability is greatly improved, as the emission intensity at 480 K increases from 83% to 111% of that at 300 K. Moreover, the efficiency of the energy transfer from the Cr3+ to Yb3+/Nd3+ increases from 60–70% to 80–90%. The intensity ratio of I810/I706 from the Lu2SrAl4SiO12:Cr3+,Nd3+ can be applied to thermometry, with the maximum relative sensitivity value of 1.43% K–1 at 303 K. Compared with the blue emission from light‐emitting diode (LED) chip, a clearer and more accurate imaging is established with NIR emission from Cr3+. Furthermore, the intensity ratio of the emissions from the Cr3+ and Yb3+ ions is applied to differentiate pork, chicken, and beef. These findings provide an avenue to optimize the thermal stability and energy transfer of Cr3+‐activated NIR emitters for the applications in thermometry and NIR‐LED.
Emerging Ultraviolet Persistent Luminescent Materials
Authors: Wang Xianli , Mao Yuanbing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUltraviolet (UV, 200–400 nm) persistent luminescence (PersL) is an emerging topic of luminescent materials due to their “self‐sustainable” high‐photon‐energy characteristics. Although the family of UV PersL materials is fast‐growing, especially in the past few years, an overview on the current status in terms of material development, mechanism investigation, promising applications, research challenges, future directions, and the correlations of these aspects is absent. Many potential applications of UV PersL have recently been demonstrated and proposed depending on where UV PersL falls in the UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (280–315 nm), or UVC (200–280 nm) range. Hence, here the state‐of‐the‐art UV PersL materials, the theoretical and experimental attempts and explanations of UV PersL mechanisms, and strategies utilized to improve UV PersL performance are summarized. Also their unprecedented application promises spanning “solar‐blind” tagging (“glow‐in‐the‐bright” tagging), persistent disinfection, persistent photocatalysis, and “device‐free” skin phototherapy that are beyond the capabilities of the “glow‐in‐the‐dark” visible and infrared PersL are discussed. Facing challenges in understanding their complicated mechanisms, meeting their high charging requirement, and easing the public concerns, a bright future for UV PersL materials from lab to market is envisaged.
Space‐Resolved Photoresponse in Quasi‐Two‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites
Authors: Ling Qin , Dai Qing , Yang Liu , Huang Like , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Houcheng , Zhang Jing , Zhu Yuejin , Hu Ziyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have shown excellent ambient stability with decent photovoltaic performance. Further improvement of device level properties requires a comprehensive understanding of the performance‐limiting mechanisms such as phase segregation, ion/electron coupling conduction, and their effects on charge transport at both the micro‐ and macro‐scale. Here, space resolved investigations of Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phases of the commonquasi‐2D perovskite are probed using two complementary methods, conducting atomic force microscopy (c‐AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Bias‐driven photocurrent mappings obtained by c‐AFM measurements disclose local inhomogeneous conduction and hysteresis currents in quasi‐2D RP perovskites, while relatively uniform conductivity is observed on individual grains. Bias‐driven KPFM reveals that the surface average photovoltage sign is dominated by the band bending at the buried perovskite–substrate interface. The quasi‐2D RP film exhibits substantial variations in the spatial response of the photovoltage across grains and grain boundaries, which is direct evidence of the inherently benign nature of microstructures, and the final device performance. This research elucidates underlying space‐resolved photoresponse mechanisms behind the lower efficiency of quasi‐2D RP perovskites compared with the 3D perovskites, which is necessary for further development of efficient and stable 2D perovskite‐based devices.
Bayesian Target‐Vector Optimization for Efficient Parameter Reconstruction
Authors: Plock Matthias , Andrle Kas , Burger Sven , Schneider Philipp‐Immanuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParameter reconstructions are indispensable in metrology. Here, the objective is to explain K experimental measurements by fitting to them a parameterized model of the measurement process. The model parameters are regularly determined by least‐square methods, that is, by minimizing the sum of the squared residuals between the K model predictions and the K experimental observations, χ2. The model functions often involve computationally demanding numerical simulations. Bayesian optimization methods are specifically suited for minimizing expensive model functions. However, in contrast to least‐square methods such as the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, they only take the value of χ2 into account, and neglect the K individual model outputs. A Bayesian target‐vector optimization scheme with improved performance over previous developments, that considers all K contributions of the model function and that is specifically suited for parameter reconstruction problems which are often based on hundreds of observations is presented. Its performance is compared to established methods for an optical metrology reconstruction problem and two synthetic least‐squares problems. The proposed method outperforms established optimization methods. It also enables to determine accurate uncertainty estimates with very few observations of the actual model function by using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling on a trained surrogate model.
Surface‐Enhanced Mid‐IR Gas Sensor Employing Wavelength‐Tunable Bloch Surface Waves
Authors: Nong Jinpeng , Zhao Bo , Xiao Xin , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong , Somekh Michael , Feng Fu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a wavelength‐tunable Bloch surface waves (BSWs) platform for the illustration of SO2 sensing in mid‐IR region, which is consisted of a 1D photonic crystal with an omnidirectional bandgap and an attached layer of phase change material (Ge2Sb2Te5, GST) is theoretically designed. Based on such configuration, the spectral response of the sensor can be actively modulated by adjusting the crystallization fraction of GST and the incident angle of light, with ultrahigh quality‐factor at the order of 104 within a wide waveband. Such specific designed BSWs‐assisted IR gas sensor significantly enhances the molecular absorption signal by 106‐fold. This allows not only to qualitatively identify the species of the probed gas molecules but also quantitatively measure the concentration of the SO2 molecules, showing unique advantages over the conventional BSWs‐based refractive index sensors working in visible and near‐IR region. It is further demonstrated that the sensor can be used for early warning of SO2 concentration, of which the threshold value is determined by the incident angle and the refractive index of the prism. This work provides an alternative and effective strategy for high‐performance gas sensing in the mid‐IR.
Superanionic Solvent‐Free Liquid Enzymes Exhibit Enhanced Structures and Activities
Authors: Zhou Ye , Pedersen Jannik Nedergaard , Pedersen Jacob Nedergaard , Jones Nykola C. , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Petersen Steen Vang , Pedersen Jan Skov , Perriman Adam , Gao Renjun , Guo Zheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe surface of a carboxylate‐enriched octuple mutant of Bacillus subtilis lipase A (8M) is chemically anionized to produce core (8M)‐shell (cationic polymer surfactants) bionanoconjugates in protein liquid form, which are termed anion‐type biofluids. The resultant lipase biofluids exhibit a 2.5‐fold increase in hydrolytic activity when compared with analogous lipase biofluids based on anionic polymer surfactants. In addition, the applicability of the anion‐type biofluid using Myoglobin (Mb) that is well studied in anion‐type solvent‐free liquid proteins is evaluated. Although anionization resulted in the complete unfolding of Mb, the active α‐helix level is partially recovered in the anion‐type biofluids, and the effect is accentuated in the cation‐type Mb biofluids. These highly active anion‐type solvent‐free liquid enzymes exhibit increased thermal stability and provide a new direction in solvent‐free liquid protein research.