bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision making under service‐level contracts: The role of cost saliency
Authors: Bolton Gary E. , Bonzelet Sabrina , Stangl Tobias , Thonemann Ulrich W. 
Published: December 2022

This study examines human ordering behavior in service‐level inventory contracts, a class of contracts important in practice. Studies of wholesale price contracts find that people tend to place orders that are suboptimal and biased toward mean demand. Unlike wholesale price contracts, service‐level contracts can be parameterized such that they have steep expected profit functions, making the expected profit‐maximizing order more salient, in the sense that deviations from optimal ordering are more costly. Utilizing an analytical model and results from existing literature, we hypothesize that people will order closer to optimality under service‐level contracts with steeper expected profit functions. In a laboratory experiment, we find that subjects achieve up to 97.2% supply chain efficiency under a steep service‐level contract, compared with 92.2% under a flat service‐level contract, and steep service contract ordering also exhibits lower variability. Our results suggest that managers can benefit by designing service‐level contracts with higher penalty costs and lower fill rates.
The nexus of public administration, public policy, and nonprofit studies: An empirical mapping of research topics and knowledge integration
Authors: LePere‐Schloop Megan , Nesbit Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe interdisciplinary fields of public administration (PA), public policy studies (PP), and nonprofit studies (nonprofit) all contribute to our understanding of public affairs, but the nature and extent of their knowledge integration are empirically unclear. The current study adapts Rafols and Meyer's framework for understanding interdisciplinary research integration and applies bibliometric and qualitative methods to analyze citation trends among PA, PP, and nonprofit journal articles published between 2009 and 2020. Our findings reveal that articles in PA and PP journals cite nonprofit journals at a low (but consistent) rate, while those in nonprofit journals cite their PA and PP counterparts more frequently. Using qualitative coding, we developed a taxonomy of 15 broad research categories at the nexus of the fields: three of these (collaboration, networks, and partnerships; public service provision; and financial management) were shown to integrate knowledge from PA/PP and nonprofits, while several others indicated the potential to do so.
Transitions, challenges and trends in China's abalone culture industry
Authors: Gao Xiaolong , Zhang Mo , Luo Xuan , You Weiwei , Ke Caihuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbalone species are economically important shellfish in China's aquaculture industry. In 2020, China's abalone aquaculture production was 203,500 tonnes, accounting for nearly 90% of total global production. However, many problems have accompanied the rapid development of this industry, including a reduction in near‐shore space suitable for culture and the risk of exposure of farms to natural disasters such as typhoons and red tides. In addition, high temperatures and low oxygen levels resulting from global climate change are causing increased abalone mortality in summer. In this review, the culture patterns and characteristics used in different countries are compared with respect to larvae nurseries, intermediate juvenile culture and the grow‐out phase. Next, the transitions and challenges in China's abalone culture industry over the past 60 years are summarized. Finally, a coordinated land‐sea program for reducing solid waste emissions into the water and increasing carbon sinks is suggested based on the ‘Carbon Neutrality’ theory. Under the framework of the program, new facilities, technologies and models should be created to achieve increased mechanization and a greater understanding of the abalone aquaculture industry as soon as possible. This review provides references and data to support the scientific planning and mapping of China's abalone culture industry as well as the transition of China's perceived identity from a major fishery country to a strong fishery power with an awareness of environmental protection and resource use.
Vulnerability assessment of strait/canals in maritime transportation using fuzzy evidential reasoning approach
Authors: Jiang Meizhi , Wang Benmei , Hao Yingjun , Chen Shijun , Lu Jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe safety and security of straits and canals have been playing an important role in maritime transportation. The disruption of a strait or canal will lead to increased transportation costs and world trade problems. Therefore, an advanced approach incorporating fuzzy logic and an evidential reasoning (ER) algorithm is developed to conduct the vulnerability assessment of straits or canals in this paper. A hierarchical structure is first developed taking into account both qualitative and quantitative factors. The fuzzy rule‐based transformation technique is applied to convert quantitative factors into qualitative ones, which enables the application of a fuzzy ER method to synthesize all the information from the bottom to the top along the developed hierarchical structure. The software of intelligent decision system (IDS) is used to facilitate the process of vulnerability assessment. The developed framework then is validated and demonstrated in a case study for vulnerability prioritization which can be used as a reference to ensure the safety and security of straits and canals for decision‐makers.
Sufficient potassium improves inorganic phosphate‐limited photosynthesis inBrassica napusby enhancing metabolic phosphorus fractions and Rubisco activity
Authors: Yan Jinyao , Ye Xiaolei , Song Yi , Ren Tao , Wang Chongming , Li Xiaokun , Cong Rihuan , Lu Zhifeng , Lu Jianwei 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYCrop photosynthesis (A) and productivity are often limited by a combination of nutrient stresses, such that changes in the availability of one nutrient may affect the availability of another nutrient, in turn influencingA. In this study, we examined the synergistic effects of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on leafAin a nutrient amendment experiment, in which P and K were added individually or in combination toBrassica napusgrown under P and K co‐limitation. The data revealed that the addition of P gradually removed the dominant limiting factor (i.e. the limited availability of P) and improved leafA. Strikingly, the addition of K synergistically improved the overall uptake of P, mainly by boosting plant growth, and compensated for the physiological demand for P by prioritizing investment in metabolic pools of P (P‐containing metabolites and inorganic phosphate, Pi). The enlarged pool of metabolically active P was partially associated with the upregulation of Pi regeneration through release from triose phosphates rather than replacement of P‐containing lipids. This process mitigated P restrictions onAby maintaining the ATP/NADPH and NADPH/NADP+ratios and increasing the content and activity of Rubisco. Our findings demonstrate that sufficient K increased Pi‐limitedAby enhancing metabolic P fractions and Rubisco activity. Thus, ionic synergism may be exploited to mitigate nutrient‐limiting factors to improve crop productivity.
Effect of Porosity on Tool Wear During Micromilling of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy
Authors: Varghese Vinay , Mujumdar Soham 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Porosity is a major quality issue in additively manufactured (AM) materials due to improper selection of raw material or process parameters. While porosity is kept to a minimum for structural applications, parts with intentional (engineered) porosity find applications in prosthetics, sound dampeners, mufflers, catalytic converters, electrodes, heat exchangers, filters, etc. During postprocessing of additive manufactured components using secondary machining to obtain required dimensional tolerance and/or surface quality, part porosity could lead to fluctuating cutting forces and reduced tool life. The machinability of the porous AM material is poor compared to the homogenous wrought material due to the intermittent cutting and anisotropy of AM materials. This paper investigates the tool wear progression and underlying mechanisms in relation to the porosity of AM material during their machining. Micromilling experiments are carried out on AM Ti6Al4V alloy with different porosity levels. Insights into tool-workpiece interaction during micromachining are obtained in cases where pore sizes could be comparable to the cutting tool diameter. Findings of this research could be helpful in developing efficient hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing technologies with improved tool life and reduced costs.
Vaccine-associated corneal graft rejection following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a CDC-VAERS database analysis
Authors: Singh Rohan Bir , Li Jeffrey , Parmar Uday Pratap Singh , Jeng Bennie H , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTo evaluate the cases of corneal graft rejection following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.MethodsA descriptive analysis of the demographics, clinical history and presentation was performed. We evaluated the correlation between the vaccines and duration of vaccine-associated graft rejection (VAR) onset following vaccination using a one-way analysis of variance test. A post hoc analysis was performed between VAR onset-interval following vaccination dose and vaccine type. Finally, a 30-day cumulative incidence analysis was performed to assess the risk of VAR in short term following different doses, vaccines and type of corneal transplantation.ResultsA total of 55 eyes of 46 patients were diagnosed with VAR following vaccination with BNT162b2 (73.91%) and mRNA-1273 (26.09%). The mean age of the patients was 62.76±15.83 years, and 28 (60.87%) were female. The patients diagnosed with VAR had undergone penetrating keratoplasty (61.82%), Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (12.73%), descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (18.18%), anterior lamellar keratoplasty (3.64%) and corneal limbal allograft transplantation (1.82%). The mean time for VAR since penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty was 8.42±9.23 years and 4.18±4.40 years, respectively. 45.65% of the cases of VAR were reported after the second dose of vaccine. The duration of VAR onset was significantly shorter after the second dose compared with the first and booster doses (p=0.0165) and in patients who underwent endothelial keratoplasty compared with penetrating keratoplasty (p=0.041).ConclusionsThis study outlines a possible temporal relationship between corneal graft rejection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. An earlier onset of VAR was observed in patients who had a history of endothelial keratoplasty and following the second dose of vaccination.
Reporting and methodological quality of studies that use Mendelian randomisation in UK Biobank: a meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Gibson Mark J , Spiga Francesca , Campbell Amy , Khouja Jasmine N , Richmond Rebecca C , Munafò Marcus R 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo identify whether Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies are appropriately conducted and reported in enough detail for other researchers to accurately replicate and interpret them.DesignCross-sectional meta-epidemiological study.Data sourcesWeb of Science, EMBASE, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched on 15 July 2022 for literature.Eligibility criteriaFull research articles that conducted an MR analysis exclusively using individual-level UK Biobank data to obtain a causal estimate of the exposure–outcome relationship (for no more than ten exposures or outcomes).Methods and analysisData were extracted using a 25-item checklist relating to reporting and methodological quality (based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)-MR reporting guidelines and the guidelines for performing MR investigations). Article characteristics, such as 2021 Journal Impact Factor, publication year, journal word limit/recommendation, whether the MR analysis was the primary analysis, open access status and whether reporting guidelines were followed, were also extracted. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each item, and whether article characteristics predicted overall article completeness was investigated with linear regression.Results116 articles were included in this review. The proportion of articles which reported complete information/adequate methodology ranged from 3% to 100% across the different items. Palindromic variants, variant replication, missing data, associations of the instrumental variable with the exposure or outcome and bias introduced by two-sample methods used on a single sample were often not completely addressed (<11%). There was no clear evidence that article characteristics predicted overall completeness except for primary analysis status.ConclusionsThe results identify areas in which the reporting and conducting of MR studies needs to be improved and also suggest researchers do not make use of supplementary materials to sufficiently report secondary analyses. Future research should focus on the quality of code and analyses, attempt direct replications and investigate the impact of the STROBE-MR specifically.Study registrationhttps://osf.io/nwrdj
The role of emergent champions in policy implementation for decentralised drug-resistant tuberculosis care in South Africa
Authors: Le Roux Sacha Roxanne , Jassat Waasila , Dickson Lindy , Mitrani Leila , Cox Helen , Mlisana Koleka , Black John , Loveday Marian , Grant Alison D , Moshabela Mosa , Kielmann Karina , Nicol Mark P 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveChampions are recognised as important to driving organisational change in healthcare quality improvement initiatives in high-income settings. In low-income and middle-income countries with a high disease burden and constrained human resources, their role is highly relevant yet understudied. Within a broader study on policy implementation for decentralised drug-resistant tuberculosis care in South Africa, we characterised the role, strategies and organisational context of emergent policy champions.DesignInterviews with 34 healthcare workers in three South African provinces identified the presence of individuals who had a strong influence on driving policy implementation forward. Additional interviews were conducted with 13 participants who were either identified as champions in phase II or were healthcare workers in facilities in which the champions operated. Thematic analyses using a socio-ecological framework further explored their strategies and the factors enabling or obstructing their agency.ResultsAll champions occupied senior managerial posts and were accorded legitimacy and authority by their communities. ‘Disease-centred’ champions had a high level of clinical expertise and placed emphasis on clinical governance and clinical outcomes, while ‘patient-centred’ champions promoted pathways of care that would optimise patients’ recovery while minimising disruption in other spheres of their lives. Both types of champions displayed high levels of resourcefulness and flexibility to adapt strategies to the resource-constrained organisational context.ConclusionPolicymakers can learn from champions’ experiences regarding barriers and enablers to implementation to adapt policy. Research is needed to understand what factors can promote the sustainability of champion-led policy implementation, and to explore best management practices to support their initiatives.
Co-designing with adults with acquired neurological disability in the community: a scoping review protocol
Authors: D'Cruz Kate , Antonopoulos Stephanie , Rothman Rebecca , Douglas Jacinta , Winkler Di , Oliver Stacey 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionCo-designing healthcare research and health services is becoming increasingly prominent. Co-design invites people with disability to leverage their lived experience knowledge to improve service provision, as well as ensuring meaningful and relevant research. Given the emerging nature of the use of co-design with adults with neurological disability, well-defined guidelines on best practice are yet to be developed. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesise available peer-reviewed literature which investigates the use of co-design in research and/or service development with adults who have an acquired neurological disability and live within the community. The findings of this review will help to guide future co-design practice, ensuring people with acquired neurological disability are best supported and engaged in the process.Methods and analysisThis review will follow methodology proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Reviews. Systematic electronic database searches will be conducted between the years 2000 and 2022, via MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Embase. Article screening and selection will follow the five-stage framework of Arksey and O’Malley, using Covidence software to support review of each retrieved article by two independent reviewers. Final selected qualitative and/or mixed-methods studies that meet the inclusion criteria will be charted, data collated, summarised and reported. Thematic synthesis will be applied to the qualitative data extracted from these studies.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval will not be required to conduct this scoping review. It is the authors’ intention for the findings of this scoping review to be made available to relevant stakeholders through open-access peer-reviewed publication and disseminated with other healthcare and research networks via translation pieces, including the development of short video summaries and practice resources.
Mapping national, regional and local prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia using geospatial analysis
Authors: Koye Digsu Negese , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Gelaw Yalemzewod Assefa , Zeleke Berihun Megabiaw , Adane Akilew Awoke , Tegegn Henok Getachew , Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Erku Daniel Asfaw , Tesfay Fisaha Haile , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Mekonnen Alemayehu , Dadi Abel Fekadu , Alene Kefyalew Addis 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to map the national, regional and local prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia.Design and settingNationwide cross-sectional survey in Ethiopia combined with georeferenced ecological level data from publicly available sources.Participants9801 participants aged between 15 and 69 years.Primary outcome measuresPrevalence of hypertension and diabetes were collected using the WHO’s STEPS survey approach. Bayesian model-based geostatistical techniques were used to estimate hypertension and diabetes prevalence at national, regional and pixel levels (1×1 km2) with corresponding 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs).ResultsThe national prevalence was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.4 to 20.0) for hypertension and 2.8% (95% CI: 2.4 to 3.1) for diabetes. Substantial variation was observed in the prevalence of these diseases at subnational levels, with the highest prevalence of hypertension observed in Addis Ababa (30.6%) and diabetes in Somali region (8.7%). Spatial overlap of high hypertension and diabetes prevalence was observed in some regions such as the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s region and Addis Ababa. Population density (number of people/km2) was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension (β: 0.015; 95% CrI: 0.003–0.027) and diabetes (β: 0.046; 95% CrI: 0.020–0.069); whereas altitude in kilometres was negatively associated with the prevalence of diabetes (β: –0.374; 95% CrI: –0.711 to –0.044).ConclusionsSpatial clustering of hypertension and diabetes was observed at subnational and local levels in Ethiopia, which was significantly associated with population density and altitude. The variation at the subnational level illustrates the need to include environmental drivers in future NCDs burden estimation. Thus, targeted and integrated interventions in high-risk areas might reduce the burden of hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia.
Lung CAncer SCreening in French women using low-dose CT and Artificial intelligence for DEtection: the CASCADE study protocol
Authors: Revel Marie-Pierre , Abdoul Hendy , chassagnon Guillaume , Canniff Emma , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Wislez Marie 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionLung cancer screening (LCS) using low-dose CT has been demonstrated to reduce lung cancer-related mortality in large randomised controlled trials. Moving from trials to practice requires answering practical questions about the level of expertise of CT readers, the need for double reading as in trials and the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI). In addition, most LCS studies have predominantly included male participants with women being under-represented, even though the benefit of screening is greater for them. Thus, this study aims to compare the performance of a single CT reading by general radiologists trained in LCS using AI as a second reader to that of a double reading by expert thoracic radiologists, in a campaign for low-dose CT screening in high-risk women.Methods and analysisThis observational cohort study will recruit 2400 asymptomatic women aged between 50 and 74 years, current or former smokers with at least a 20 pack-year smoking history, in 4 different French district areas. Assistance with smoking cessation will be offered to current smokers. An initial low-dose CT scan will be performed, with subsequent follow-ups at 1 year and 2 years. The primary objective is to compare CT scan readings by a single LCS-trained, AI-assisted radiologist to that of an expert double reading. The secondary objectives are: to evaluate the performance of AI as a stand-alone reader; the adherence to screening of female participants; the influence on smoking cessation; the psychological consequences of screening; the detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary artery disease and osteoporosis on low-dose CT scans and the costs incurred by screening.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est 1 (ethics approval number: 2021-A02265-36 with an amendment on 15 July 2022). Trial results will be disseminated at conferences, through relevant patient groups and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05195385.