bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chaotic microlasers caused by internal mode interaction for random number generation
Authors: Ma Chun-Guang , Xiao Jin-Long , Xiao Zhi-Xiong , Yang Yue-De , Huang Yong-Zhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChaotic semiconductor lasers have been widely investigated for generating unpredictable random numbers, especially for lasers with external optical feedback. Nevertheless, chaotic lasers under external feedback are hindered by external feedback loop time, which causes correlation peaks for chaotic output. Here, we demonstrate the first self-chaotic microlaser based on internal mode interaction for a dual-mode microcavity laser, and realize random number generation using the self-chaotic laser output. By adjusting mode frequency interval close to the intrinsic relaxation oscillation frequency, nonlinear dynamics including self-chaos and period-oscillations are predicted and realized numerically and experimentally due to internal mode interaction. The internal mode interaction and corresponding carrier spatial oscillations pave the way of mode engineering for nonlinear dynamics in a solitary laser. Our findings provide a novel and easy method to create controllable and robust optical chaos for high-speed random number generation.
Low-noise frequency-agile photonic integrated lasers for coherent ranging
Authors: Lihachev Grigory , Riemensberger Johann , Weng Wenle , Liu Junqiu , Tian Hao , Siddharth Anat , Snigirev Viacheslav , Shadymov Vladimir , Voloshin Andrey , Wang Rui Ning , He Jijun , Bhave Sunil A. , Kippenberg Tobias J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrequency modulated continuous wave laser ranging (FMCW LiDAR) enables distance mapping with simultaneous position and velocity information, is immune to stray light, can achieve long range, operate in the eye-safe region of 1550 nm and achieve high sensitivity. Despite its advantages, it is compounded by the simultaneous requirement of both narrow linewidth low noise lasers that can be precisely chirped. While integrated silicon-based lasers, compatible with wafer scale manufacturing in large volumes at low cost, have experienced major advances and are now employed on a commercial scale in data centers, and impressive progress has led to integrated lasers with (ultra) narrow sub-100 Hz-level intrinsic linewidth based on optical feedback from photonic circuits, these lasers presently lack fast nonthermal tuning, i.e. frequency agility as required for coherent ranging. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid photonic integrated laser that exhibits very narrow intrinsic linewidth of 25 Hz while offering linear, hysteresis-free, and mode-hop-free-tuning beyond 1 GHz with up to megahertz actuation bandwidth constituting 1.6 × 1015Hz/s tuning speed. Our approach uses foundry-based technologies - ultralow-loss (1 dB/m) Si3N4photonic microresonators, combined with aluminium nitride (AlN) or lead zirconium titanate (PZT) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based stress-optic actuation. Electrically driven low-phase-noise lasing is attained by self-injection locking of an Indium Phosphide (InP) laser chip and only limited by fundamental thermo-refractive noise at mid-range offsets. By utilizing difference-drive and apodization of the photonic chip to suppress mechanical vibrations of the chip, a flat actuation response up to 10 MHz is achieved. We leverage this capability to demonstrate a compact coherent LiDAR engine that can generate up to 800 kHz FMCW triangular optical chirp signals, requiring neither any active linearization nor predistortion compensation, and perform a 10 m optical ranging experiment, with a resolution of 12.5 cm. Our results constitute a photonic integrated laser system for scenarios where high compactness, fast frequency actuation, and high spectral purity are required.
Bicyclic-ring base doping induces n-type conduction in carbon nanotubes with outstanding thermal stability in air
Authors: Horike Shohei , Wei Qingshuo , Akaike Kouki , Kirihara Kazuhiro , Mukaida Masakazu , Koshiba Yasuko , Ishida Kenji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe preparation of air and thermally stable n-type carbon nanotubes is desirable for their further implementation in electronic and energy devices that rely on both p- and n-type material. Here, a series of guanidine and amidine bases with bicyclic-ring structures are used as n-doping reagents. Aided by their rigid alkyl functionality and stable conjugate acid structure, these organic superbases can easily reduce carbon nanotubes. n-Type nanotubes doped with guanidine bases show excellent thermal stability in air, lasting for more than 6 months at 100 °C. As an example of energy device, a thermoelectric p/n junction module is constructed with a power output of ca. 4.7 μW from a temperature difference of 40 °C.
Structural basis of template strand deoxyuridine promoter recognition by a viral RNA polymerase
Authors: Fraser Alec , Sokolova Maria L. , Drobysheva Arina V. , Gordeeva Julia V. , Borukhov Sergei , Jumper John , Severinov Konstantin V. , Leiman Petr G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecognition of promoters in bacterial RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is controlled by sigma subunits. The key sequence motif recognized by the sigma, the −10 promoter element, is located in the non-template strand of the double-stranded DNA molecule ~10 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site. Here, we explain the mechanism by which the phage AR9 non-virion RNAP (nvRNAP), a bacterial RNAP homolog, recognizes the −10 element of its deoxyuridine-containing promoter in the template strand. The AR9 sigma-like subunit, the nvRNAP enzyme core, and the template strand together form two nucleotide base-accepting pockets whose shapes dictate the requirement for the conserved deoxyuridines. A single amino acid substitution in the AR9 sigma-like subunit allows one of these pockets to accept a thymine thus expanding the promoter consensus. Our work demonstrates the extent to which viruses can evolve host-derived multisubunit enzymes to make transcription of their own genes independent of the host.
Broadband high-Q multimode silicon concentric racetrack resonators for widely tunable Raman lasers
Authors: Zhang Yaojing , Zhong Keyi , Zhou Xuetong , Tsang Hon Ki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultimode silicon resonators with ultralow propagation losses for ultrahigh quality (Q) factors have been attracting attention recently. However, conventional multimode silicon resonators only have high Q factors at certain wavelengths because the Q factors are reduced at wavelengths where fundamental modes and higher-order modes are both near resonances. Here, by implementing a broadband pulley directional coupler and concentric racetracks, we present a broadband high-Q multimode silicon resonator with average loaded Q factors of 1.4 × 106 over a wavelength range of 440 nm (1240–1680 nm). The mutual coupling between the two multimode racetracks can lead to two supermodes that mitigate the reduction in Q factors caused by the mode coupling of the higher-order modes. Based on the broadband high-Q multimode resonator, we experimentally demonstrated a broadly tunable Raman silicon laser with over 516 nm wavelength tuning range (1325–1841 nm), a threshold power of (0.4 ± 0.1) mW and a slope efficiency of (8.5 ± 1.5) % at 25 V reverse bias.
Ultra-high temperature tolerant flexible transparent electrode with embedded silver nanowires bundle micromesh for electrical heater
Authors: Sun Bowen , Xu Ruixue , Han Xu , Xu Jing , Hong Wang , Xu Yimeng , Fu Zhiwei , Zhu He , Sun Xin , Wang Jiangxin , Cui Peng , Chang Jingjing , Xiong Jiaqing , Qian Kai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo realize high performance flexible transparent electronics with extreme environmental adaptivity, Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) electrodes should simultaneously meet the requirements of high-temperature tolerance, chemical and mechanical robustness. Herein, a scalable Ag NWs bundle micro-meshes embedded in polyimide (Ag BMs/ePI) conducting film via a facile spray coating and transfer method is reported. Due to the synergistic effect of bundle micromesh and embedded architecture, the Ag BMs/ePI electrode exhibits high thermal stability (370 °C and 400 °C under ambient and nitrogen atmosphere conditions, respectively), low sheet resistance variation (<4%), good corrosion and deformation resistance. As an electrical heater, the Ag BMs/ePI can achieve ~204 °C with the fast thermal response time of ~8 s at 8 V, and exhibits good heating stability under bent condition. This work offers a promising platform for the emerging flexible transparent electronics to adapt extreme environments, especially for those devices which require high-temperature processing.
A multisource database tracking the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the communities of Boston, MA, USA
Authors: Ristea Alina , Tucker Riley , You Shunan , Amiri Mehrnaz , Beauchamp Nicholas , Castro Edgar , Chen Qiliang , Ciomek Alexandra , Das Bidisha , de Benedictis-Kessner Justin , Gibbons Sage , Hangen Forrest , Montgomery Barrett , Papadopoulos Petros , Robinson Cordula , Sheini Saina , Shields Michael , Shu Xin , Wood Michael , Heydari Babak , O’Brien Dan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA pandemic, like other disasters, changes how systems work. In order to support research on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the dynamics of a single metropolitan area and the communities therein, we developed and made publicly available a “data-support system” for the city of Boston. We actively gathered data from multiple administrative (e.g., 911 and 311 dispatches, building permits) and internet sources (e.g., Yelp, Craigslist), capturing aspects of housing and land use, crime and disorder, and commercial activity and institutions. All the data were linked spatially through BARI’s Geographical Infrastructure, enabling conjoint analysis. We curated the base records and aggregated them to construct ecometric measures (i.e., descriptors of a place) at various geographic scales, all of which were also published as part of the database. The datasets were published in an open repository, each accompanied by a detailed documentation of methods and variables. We anticipate updating the database annually to maintain the tracking of the records and associated measures.
Chinese adult brain atlas with functional and white matter parcellation
Authors: Zhu Jingwen , Qiu Anqi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrain atlases play important roles in studying anatomy and function of the brain. As increasing interests in multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches, such as combining structural MRI, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), there is a need to construct integrated brain atlases based on these three imaging modalities. This study constructed a multi-modal brain atlas for a Chinese aging population (n = 180, age: 22–79 years), which consists of a T1 atlas showing the brain morphology, a high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) atlas delineating the complex fiber architecture, and a rs-fMRI atlas reflecting brain intrinsic functional organization in one stereotaxic coordinate. We employed large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) and unbiased diffeomorphic atlas generation to simultaneously generate the T1 and HARDI atlases. Using spectral clustering, we generated 20 brain functional networks from rs-fMRI data. We demonstrated the use of the atlas to explore the coherent markers among the brain morphology, functional networks, and white matter tracts for aging and gender using joint independent component analysis.
Social distancing and mask-wearing could avoid recurrent stay-at-home restrictions during COVID-19 respiratory pandemic in New York City
Authors: Kim Hae-Young , Bershteyn Anna , McGillen Jessica B. , Shaff Jaimie , Sisti Julia , Ko Charles , Wikramanayake Radhika , Newton-Dame Remle , Braithwaite R. Scott 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStay-at-home restrictions such as closure of non-essential businesses were effective at reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in New York City (NYC) in the spring of 2020. Relaxation of these restrictions was desirable for resuming economic and social activities, but could only occur in conjunction with measures to mitigate the expected resurgence of new infections, in particular social distancing and mask-wearing. We projected the impact of individuals’ adherence to social distancing and mask-wearing on the duration, frequency, and recurrence of stay-at-home restrictions in NYC. We applied a stochastic discrete time-series model to simulate community transmission and household secondary transmission in NYC. The model was calibrated to hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and COVID-attributable deaths over March–July 2020 after accounting for the distribution of age and chronic health conditions in NYC. We projected daily new infections and hospitalizations up to May 31, 2021 under the different levels of adherence to social distancing and mask-wearing after relaxation of stay-at-home restrictions. We assumed that the relaxation of stay-at-home policies would occur in the context of adaptive reopening, where a new hospitalization rate of ≥ 2 per 100,000 residents would trigger reinstatement of stay-at-home restrictions while a new hospitalization rate of ≤ 0.8 per 100,000 residents would trigger relaxation of stay-at-home restrictions. Without social distancing and mask-wearing, simulated relaxation of stay-at-home restrictions led to epidemic resurgence and necessary reinstatement of stay-at-home restrictions within 42 days. NYC would have stayed fully open for 26% of the time until May 31, 2021, alternating reinstatement and relaxation of stay-at-home restrictions in four cycles. At a low (50%) level of adherence to mask-wearing, NYC would have needed to implement stay-at-home restrictions between 8% and 32% of the time depending on individual adherence to social distancing. At moderate to high levels of adherence to mask-wearing without social distancing, NYC would have needed to implement stay-at-home restrictions. In threshold analyses, avoiding reinstatement of stay-at-home restrictions required a minimum of 60% adherence to mask-wearing at 50% adherence to social distancing. With low adherence to mask-wearing and social distancing, reinstatement of stay-at-home restrictions in NYC was inevitable. High levels of adherence to social distancing and mask-wearing could have attributed to avoiding recurrent surges without reinstatement of stay-at-home restrictions.
Analysis of gyrobianisotropic media effect on the input impedance, field distribution and mutual coupling of a printed dipole antenna
Authors: Bouknia Mohamed Lamine , Zebiri Chemseddine , Sayad Djamel , Elfergani Issa , Matin Mohammad , Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Alharbi Abdullah G. , Hu Yim Fun , Abd-Alhameed Raed , Rodriguez Jonathan , Falcone Francisco , Limiti Ernesto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an analytical study for the investigation of the effects of the magnetoelectric elements of a reciprocal and nonreciprocal bianisotropic grounded substrate on the input impedance, resonant length of a dipole antenna as well as on the mutual coupling between two element printed dipole array in three configuration geometries: broadside, collinear and echelon printed on the same material. This study examines also the effect of the considered bianisotropic medium on the electric and magnetic field distributions that has been less addressed in the literature for antenna structures. Computations are based on the numerical resolution, using the spectral method of moments, of the integral equation developed through the mathematical derivation of the appropriate spectral Green’s functions of the studied dipole configuration. Original results, for chiral, achiral, Tellegen and general bi-anisotropic media cases, are obtained and discussed with the electric and magnetic field distributions for a better understanding and interpretation. These interesting results can serve as a stepping stone for further works to attract more attention to the reciprocal and non-reciprocal Tellgen media in-depth studies.
Role of socioeconomic and parental involvement factors on children foundational learning skills based on MICS (2017–2018) data Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Kamal Asifa , Amjad Naila , Yaqoob Uzma , Saud Naz , Ijaz Muhammad , Khan Ilyas , Andualem Mulugeta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeveloping countries lack studies investigated the socioeconomic and parental role on students’ learning skills. This study is helpful to detect bottlenecks in the foundational learning skills (reading skills and numeracy skills) in the education system of Pakistan. Reading skills of children are found better who had no functional disabilities. Mothers with higher education had a significant positive contribution toward children learning skills. Children deprived of books for reading in appropriate language had a negative impact on their reading skills. Rich children had predominantly higher possibilities of good learning skills than poor children. Parents who had not attended children’s school to discuss child progress had a significantly negative effect on children’s numeracy skills. Overall parental involvement in some forms had insignificantly improved children reading and numeracy skills in Punjab, Pakistan.
Monocytes are increased in pregnancy after gestational hypertensive disease
Authors: Castleman James S. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Shantsila Eduard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMonocytes derive from bone marrow and circulate in the blood. They phagocytose, produce cytokines and present antigens. Individual monocyte subsets play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, but their implications in gestational hypertensive disease are unclear. Our objective was to examine the difference in monocyte subsets between pregnant women with or without previous hypertension in pregnancy. Women were enrolled in a prospective observational study in which monoclonal antibodies against cell surface receptors were used to detect monocytes in the peripheral blood by flow cytometry. We compared 17 pregnant women with previous hypertension in pregnancy (Group 1) and 42 pregnant women without previous gestational hypertensive disease (Group 2) with 27 healthy, non-pregnant controls (Group 3). The pregnant women were studied at 13 ± 1 weeks gestation. Monocyte subsets were quantified by flow cytometry: Mon1 (CD14++CD16-CCR2+), Mon2 (CD14++CD16+CCR2+), Mon3 (CD14+CD16+CCR2-), their aggregates with platelets and expression of the surface markers. The groups were well-matched for age, body mass index and ethnicity (P > 0.05 for all). Mon1 counts were higher in women with a history of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia compared to other groups (Group 1 = 441 per µl (376–512); Group 2 = 357 (309–457); Group 3 = 323 (277–397); P < 0.001). Mon3 was higher in both groups of pregnant women compared to non-pregnant controls (Group 1 = 51 (38–62); Group 2 = 38 (29–58); Group 3 = 26 (20–40), P = 0.002). Increased monocytes in women with a previous hypertensive pregnancy generates a hypothesis that these cells may link hypertension in pregnancy, chronic inflammation and future cardiovascular risk.
Van der Waals five-body size-energy universality
Authors: Stipanović Petar , Vranješ Markić Leandra , Boronat Jordi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA universal relationship between scaled size and scaled energy is explored in five-body self-bound quantum systems. The ground-state binding energy and structure properties are obtained by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo method. We use pure estimators to eliminate any residual bias in the estimation of the cluster size. Strengthening the inter-particle interaction, we extend the exploration from the halo region to classical systems. Universal scaled size-scaled energy line, which does not depend on the short-range potential details and binding strength, is found for homogeneous pentamers with interaction potentials decaying at long range predominantly as $$r^{-6}$$

r

-
6

. For mixed pentamers, we discuss under which conditions the universal line can approximately describe the size-energy ratio. Our data is compatible with generalized Tjon lines, which assume a linear dependence between the binding energy of the pentamers and the one of tetramers, when both are divided by the trimer energies.
Solidification, remediation and long-term stability of heavy metal contaminated soil under the background of sustainable development
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Jia Shibo , Liu Jiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAt present, the global pollution has seriously exceeded the standard. With the passage of time, pollution has gradually affected people’s daily lives, but the solution to pollution is far from achieving a better treatment effect. For the treatment of pollution, in addition to considering the treatment effect, it is also necessary to consider whether the treatment method will cause pollution and the cost of the treatment of the pollutants. As one of the lifelines of human survival, the land is also suffering from pollution. The impact of heavy metal pollution is particularly serious, and there is no better solution. Based on this, this paper proposes a curing agent based on sustainable remediation to solve the soil pollution of heavy metals. The main material is Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), which has excellent social development characteristics in all aspects, and the raw materials are calcium carbide residue (CCR) and phosphogypsum (PG) to explore a more suitable curing agent. (consisting of BOFS, CCR, and PG, abbreviated as BCP). The experimental results in this paper show that the volume of pores and pores in the agglomerates are slightly reduced, and the content of curing agent is increased from 4 to 10%, while the corresponding volume is only reduced by 0.006 and 0.017 mL/g. Therefore, it can be seen that the reduction of the pore volume between the aggregates of the stabilized species of BCP has made a major contribution to the strength development.
On the mechanism of performance improvement of electroactive polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel actuators via conductive fillers
Authors: Frank Zachary , Kim Kwang J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electromechanical actuation of transparent plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gels with conductive fillers were studied. The effects of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4) ionic liquid (IL) on both the electrical conduction and dielectric processes within PVC gels were investigated, and the differences between the two were clarified. Both CNTs and IL were shown to increase the conductivity of the gels and produce larger electromechanical transduction of a contraction actuator, but only CNTs were shown to increase the electrostatic adhesion force of the PVC gels. The addition of charge carriers to the gel via the inclusion of ILs was shown to significantly reduce the conductivity relaxation time, and the transient current upon voltage polarity reversal indicated multiple peaks corresponding to the introduction of carriers with different polarities and mobilities into the gel. This is believed to cause a screening effect, reducing the charge accumulation at the anode that is the foundational basis for PVC gels’ actuation mechanism. A recommendation for preferable conductive fillers for various applications is made.