bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic bamboo leaf double-sided microstructure composite surface and its delayed icing performance
Authors: Wan Yanling , Wang Xianghan , Zhang Meng , Xu Jinkai , Yu Huadong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The frost phenomenon occurred on the surface of engineering equipment can not only lead to a reduction in the efficiency of equipment but a higher energy consumption. How to effectively inhibit or delay the frost behavior on a material surface and improve the anti-frost property on the surface is of great importance. It is found that the nano needle structure on the surface of bamboo leaves can provide large Laplace pressure to drive droplets to bounce and hence delay the condensation process. In addition, in the frost crystal growth stage, the nano needle structure can reduce the contact area between droplets and the surface of bamboo leaves, and hence limit the phase-change heat transfer of water vapor and increase the thermodynamic barrier when nucleation of water vapor occurs, thereby delaying the frost crystal growth. In this paper, inspired by bamboo leaves, biomimetic structures are constructed on the surface of an aluminum alloy by laser processing and sol-gel method. Results reveal that delayed frost formation on the surface is realized, which is of immense practical value in engineering and many other aspects.
Surface functionalization of recyclable polymer for application as a flexible fluorescent sensor
Authors: Oreste Eliézer Quadro , Bulhosa Maria Carolina Salum , Gonçalves Bruna Lisboa , Müller Daniele Gomes , Nascimento Nathalia Souza , de Menezes Vicenti Juliano Rosa , Kessler Felipe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of surface-functionalized polymers has shown great potential for application, emphasizing the development of flexible optoelectronic devices (FOD). There are several ways to carry out this functionalization, attributing different characteristics to the resulting material. In the present study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were surface-functionalized with [4-(2-hydroxy naphthyl)diazenyl] benzoic acid using UV radiation and the direct grafting method. The resulting films were characterized using different techniques, which enabled the identification of functional groups characteristic of the compound azo, thus proving that both methods used for surface functionalization were efficient. Subsequently, the sensing capabilities of these films were evaluated by being exposed to solutions of different cations. The fluorescence signal was the measurable response, in which its variation is dependent on the interaction of analytes with the functionalized surface of the PET film. The main advantages observed in this study are simplicity, low cost and the possibility of using recycled polymer, contributing to sustainable development and environmental conservation.
Stretchable inkjet-printed electronics on mechanically compliant island-bridge architectures covalently bonded to elastomeric substrates
Authors: Pietsch Manuel , Schlisske Stefan , Held Martin , Maag Patrick , Hernandez-Sosa Gerardo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Herein, we present an approach that allows versatile combination of inkjet-printed electronics and stretchable substrates. For this, we created a hybrid platform made out of stretchable Ecoflex covalently bonded via silane monolayers to flexible polyethylene terephthalate islands interconnected by bridges. The islands served as platforms where conductive lines, capacitive sensors and electrochromic devices (ECDs) were fabricated by inkjet printing. The robustness of the approach is highlighted by the minor influence of strain on the conductivity of printed Ag electrodes, which changed the resistance only by 1.3% at an applied strain of 50%. Furthermore, we demonstrated capacitor sensors capable of responding to strain changing their capacitance from 0.2 to 1.6 pF. To further show the applicability of the approach for multilayer/multimaterial optoelectronic elements, we processed ECDs capable of displaying information on the stretchable platform. Thus, we demonstrate how this digital and additive concept can be applied for the scalable integration of printed optoelectronic devices onto stretchable systems without relying on lithographic processes.
Electronic properties of twisted multilayer graphene
Authors: Nguyen V Hung , Hoang Trinh X , Charlier J-C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Twisted bilayer graphene displays many fascinating properties that can be tuned by varying the relative angle (also called twist angle) between its layers. As a notable feature, both the electronic flat bands and the corresponding strong electron localization have been obtained at a specific ‘magic’ angle (

∼

1.1

∘

), leading to the observation of several strongly correlated electronic phenomena. Such a discovery has hence inspired the creation of a novel research field called twistronics, i.e. aiming to explore novel physical properties in vertically stacked 2D structures when tuning the twist angle between the related layers. In this paper, a comprehensive and systematic study related to the electronic properties of twisted multilayer graphene (TMG) is presented based on atomistic calculations. The dependence of both the global and the local electronic quantities on the twist angle and on the stacking configuration are analyzed, fully taking into account atomic reconstruction effects. Consequently, the correlation between structural and electronic properties are clarified, thereby highlighting the shared characteristics and differences between various TMG systems as well as providing a comprehensive and essential overview. On the basis of these investigations, possibilities to tune the electronic properties are discussed, allowing for further developments in the field of twistronics.
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Are Associated With Incident Diabetes Mellitus in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: O’Halloran Jane A , Sahrmann John , Parra-Rodriguez Luis , Vo Daniel T , Butler Anne M , Olsen Margaret A , Powderly William G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with weight gain in people with HIV (PWH). Less is known about the risk of other metabolic outcomes such as diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia.

Methods
IBM® MarketScan® databases for commercially and Medicaid-insured adults were used to identify PWH newly initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). The primary outcome was a composite of new-onset diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia in the 6 months following ART initiation and was identified using International Classification of Disease, Ninth revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and ICD-10-CM diagnosis and procedure codes and Current Procedural Terminology, 4th Edition (CPT-4) codes. To examine the relationship between INSTI use and the composite outcome, we estimated the risk using Cox proportional hazards models with calendar time-specific standardized mortality ratio weights.

Results
Of 42 382 PWH who initiated ART between 1 July 2007 and 30 June 2018, 22 762 (54%) were treated with INSTI-based regimens. Mean age was 38 years, 74% were male, and 19% were Medicaid insured. PWH on INSTIs were 31% more likely to develop new-onset diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.48]) compared with those who initiated non–INSTI-based regimens. When examined individually, the highest risk was associated with elvitegravir (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.32–1.97; P &lt; .001) and the lowest risk with raltegravir (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03–1.37; P = .02).

Conclusions
INSTI use was associated with increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia in the 6 months following ART initiation.
Vowel sound production and its association with cephalometric characteristics in skeletal Class III subjects
Authors: Pravitharangul Natthaporn , Miyamoto Jun J , Yoshizawa Hideyuki , Matsumoto Tsutomu , Suzuki Shoichi , Chantarawaratit Pintu-on , Moriyama Keiji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to evaluate differences in vowel production using acoustic analysis in skeletal Class III and Class I Japanese participants and to identify the correlation between vowel sounds and cephalometric variables in skeletal Class III subjects.

Materials and methods
Japanese males with skeletal Class III (ANB &lt; 0°) and Class I skeletal anatomy (0.62° &lt; ANB &lt; 5.94°) were recruited (n = 18/group). Acoustic analysis of vowel sounds and cephalometric analysis of lateral cephalograms were performed. For sound analysis, an isolated Japanese vowel (/a/,/i/,/u/,/e/,/o/) pattern was recorded. Praat software was used to extract acoustic parameters such as fundamental frequency (F0) and the first four formants (F1, F2, F3, and F4). The formant graph area was calculated. Cephalometric values were obtained using ImageJ. Correlations between acoustic and cephalometric variables in skeletal Class III subjects were then investigated.

Results
Skeletal Class III subjects exhibited significantly higher/o/F2 and lower/o/F4 values. Mandibular length, SNB, and overjet of Class III subjects were moderately negatively correlated with acoustic variables.

Limitations
This study did not take into account vertical skeletal patterns and tissue movements during sound production.

Conclusion
Skeletal Class III males produced different /o/ (back and rounded vowel), possibly owing to their anatomical positions or adaptive changes. Vowel production was moderately associated with cephalometric characteristics of Class III subjects. Thus, changes in speech after orthognathic surgery may be expected. A multidisciplinary team approach that included the input of a speech pathologist would be useful.
A new power spectrum and stochastic representation for the geomagnetic axial dipole
Authors: Sadhasivan Mayuri , Constable Catherine 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY
Earth’s internal magnetic field is dominated by the contribution of the axial dipole whose temporal variations are wide ranging and reflect characteristic timescales associated with geomagnetic reversals and large scale palaeosecular variation, ranging down to decadal and subannual field changes inferred from direct observations. We present a new empirical power spectrum for the axial dipole moment based on composite magnetic records of temporal variations in the axial dipole field that span the frequency range 0.1 to 5 × 105  Myr–1 (periods from 10 million to 2 yr). The new spectrum is used to build a stochastic representation for these time variations, based on an order 3 autoregressive (AR) process and placed in the context of earlier stochastic modelling studies. The AR parameter estimates depend on the frequency of transitions in the spectral regime and may be influenced by Ohmic diffusion, advection and torsional oscillations in Earth’s core. In several frequency ranges across the interval 200–5000 Myr–1(5000 to 200 yr periods) the empirical power spectrum lies above the AR3 model and may be influenced by Magneto–Coriolis (MC) waves in Earth’s core. The spectral shape and parameter estimates provide a potentially useful guide for developing assessments of whether numerical dynamo simulations meet criteria for being considered Earth like.
Person-centered care in Uganda: analysis of responsiveness, patient satisfaction, patient-reported health outcomes, and trust among adults
Authors: Fifield Jocelyn , Bell Griffith A , Hirschhorn Lisa R , Kibira Simon P S , Kim June-Ho , Makumbi Fredrick , Nabiwemba Elizabeth , Schwarz Dan , Wabwire-Mangen Fred , Ratcliffe Hannah L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Person-centeredness and patient experience are key components of high-quality health systems. The World Health Organization defines seven domains of health system responsiveness, and there is a growing body of research that uses these domains as a proxy for experiential quality.

Methods
We examined overall levels of responsiveness across the domains and across demographic and visit characteristics in Uganda. We also explored the relationship between responsiveness and patient satisfaction, self-rated health outcomes, and trust. This study uses data from a nationally-representative cross-sectional household survey conducted in Uganda in 2019. Respondents who had sought care in the last 6 months were asked questions about responsiveness of care during their most recent visit. We compared demographic and visit characteristics in total and between respondents within the highest and lowest responsiveness and also explored the distribution of the responsiveness index across all responsiveness domains. Finally, we assessed the relationship between responsiveness quintiles and the highest rating of our outcomes using Poisson regression. Our six outcomes fell within three categories: patient satisfaction, patient-reported health outcomes, and trust.

Results
Of the 4823 men and women surveyed, 2924 (60.6%) visited a healthcare facility in the last 6 months, and the total weighted study sample of those who visited a healthcare facility was 2827. Respondents who reported high responsiveness were more likely to be wealthier, urban dwellings, and with higher levels of education, and more likely to have greater access to care, to see the same provider at each visit, and to have gone to a private facility. We found that respondents reporting higher responsiveness were significantly more likely to report the highest rating on all six outcomes.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that responsiveness is a central component of high-quality health systems and that efforts to improve health outcomes must look beyond technical quality.
Low Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission by Fomites: A Clinical Observational Study in Highly Infectious Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Meister Toni Luise , Dreismeier Marielen , Blanco Elena Vidal , Brüggemann Yannick , Heinen Natalie , Kampf Günter , Todt Daniel , Nguyen Huu Phuc , Steinmann Jörg , Schmidt Wolfgang Ekkehard , Steinmann Eike , Quast Daniel Robert , Pfaender Stephanie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The contribution of droplet-contaminated surfaces for virus transmission has been discussed controversially in the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. More importantly, the risk of fomite-based transmission has not been systematically addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether confirmed hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can contaminate stainless steel carriers by coughing or intensive moistening with saliva and to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission upon detection of viral loads and infectious virus in cell culture.

Methods
We initiated a single-center observational study including 15 COVID-19 patients with a high baseline viral load (cycle threshold value ≤25). We documented clinical and laboratory parameters and used patient samples to perform virus culture, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and virus sequencing.

Results
Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs of all patients were positive for viral ribonucleic acid on the day of the study. Infectious SARS-CoV-2 could be isolated from 6 patient swabs (46.2%). After coughing, no infectious virus could be recovered, however, intensive moistening with saliva resulted in successful viral recovery from steel carriers of 5 patients (38.5%).

Conclusions
Transmission of infectious SARS-CoV-2 via fomites is possible upon extensive moistening, but it is unlikely to occur in real-life scenarios and from droplet-contaminated fomites.
Surveillance for Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Virus Incidence and RNAemia in Blood Donors at 4 Brazilian Blood Centers During 2016–2019
Authors: Custer Brian , Grebe Eduard , Buccheri Renata , Bakkour Sonia , Stone Mars , Capuani Ligia , Alencar Cecilia , Amorim Luiz , Loureiro Paula , Carneiro-Proietti Anna Barbara , Mendrone-Junior Alfredo , Gonçalez Thelma , Gao Kui , Livezey Kristin W , Linnen Jeffrey M , Brambilla Don , McClure Chris , Busch Michael P , Sabino Ester C ,   for the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS-III) International Component Brazil
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Except for public health case reports, the incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and dengue virus (DENV) infection are not available to assess the potential blood transfusion safety threat in Brazil.

Methods
Pools of 6 donation samples (MP6) left over from human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus nucleic acid testing were combined to create MP18 pools (3 MP6 pools). Samples were tested using the Grifols triplex ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV real-time transcription mediated amplification assay to estimate prevalence of RNAemia and incidence, and to compare these results to case reports in São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Recife, and Rio de Janeiro, from April 2016 through June 2019.

Results
ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV RNAemia were found from donors who donated without overt symptoms of infection that would have led to deferral. The highest RNAemic donation prevalence was 1.2% (95% CI, .8%–1.9%) for DENV in Belo Horizonte in May 2019. Arbovirus infections varied by location and time of year, and were not always aligned with annual arbovirus outbreak seasons in different regions of the country.

Conclusions
Testing donations for arboviruses in Brazil can contribute to public health. Transfusion recipients were likely exposed to ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV viremic blood components during the study period.
Hand and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and its rate of recolonization among healthcare workers of a tertiary care hospital in Nepal
Authors: Rai Junu Richhinbung , Amatya Ritu , Rai Shiba Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Carriers of Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers (HCWs) can spread the bacteria to patients and the environment, in addition to their own risk of infection.

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of S. aureus carriers among HCWs and the rate of recolonization after decolonization therapy with mupirocin.

Methods
Nasal and hand swabs from HCWs of a tertiary care hospital in Nepal were cultured on mannitol salt agar and S. aureus isolated were identified using standard microbiological procedures. Detection of MRSA and mupirocin-resistant S. aureus (MupRSA) isolates were done phenotypically. Identified S. aureus carriers were decolonized with 2% mupirocin nasal ointment. Recolonization of the carriers was assessed monthly for the next 5 months.

Results
Among the 213 HCWs, 18.3% were S. aureus carriers (35 nasal carriers, 4 both nasal and hand carriers, and no hand carriers). Overall, 9.4% of the HCWS were MRSA carriers and none were MupRSA carriers. After decolonization, 25.6% of them were recolonized and 50.0% of the recolonization was detected after 3 months of decolonization. All recolonized carriers had only MSSA strains (which colonized only nose), and none were recolonized with MupRSA.

Conclusions
HCWs are frequent carriers of S. aureus and MRSA. Due to their continuous exposure to the hospital environment, they are at risk of colonization by this MDR organism. Regular screening and decolonization of HCWs working with high risk, vulnerable patients would reduce the risk of MRSA transmission from HCWs to patients.
Reappraisal of theCrangonyx floridanusspecies complex, with the description of a new species ofCrangonyxBate, 1859 (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from northern Florida, USA
Authors: Cannizzaro Andrew G , Sisco Joshua M , Sawicki Thomas R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrangonyx apalachee n. sp. Cannizzaro & Sawicki in Cannizzaro, Sisco & Sawicki, is described from Lake Jackson in Leon County, Florida, USA, a prairie lake that periodically drains through karst sinkholes during times of low rainfall. The new species occurs in tall grass along the lake’s shoreline. Molecular analyses of the nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA along with the mitochondrial 16S rDNA, combined with morphological analyses were used to delineate the population from closely related crangonyctids. The occurrence of C. apalacheen. sp. in Lake Jackson marks the fifth species to be described from the floridanus complex in Florida. Collections from other locations across north Florida suggest the presence of additional floridanus-complex species still to be described.
Novel kinematic and geometric views for improving tooth contact analysis of spatial gears
Authors: Wang Shenghui , Zhou Yuansheng , Chu Chih-Hsing , Tang Jinyuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTooth contact analysis (TCA) has been widely applied to evaluate the working performance of gear pairs. TCA is often formulated with five unknowns and five independent scalar equations. The solution process involves a global optimization problem with strong nonlinearity and numerical instability, especially for spatial gears with complicated tooth geometries. This study proposes novel kinematic and geometric views of gearing that reveal insights into the meshing process of spatial gears. One unknown can be removed from the position and normal equations of the TCA formulation. To solve the remaining four unknowns, a simplified optimization model with two unknowns is proposed, and the other two unknowns are obtained by using geometric iterative methods or directly from explicit expressions in some cases. A general algorithm was developed to solve the simplified TCA. The test results of both the spiral bevel and face gear drives validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Scheme Foiled: A Critique of Baron’s Account of Extra-mathematical Explanation
Authors: Povich Mark 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extra-mathematical explanations explain natural phenomena primarily by appeal to mathematical facts. Philosophers disagree about whether there are extra-mathematical explanations, the correct account of them if they exist, and their implications (for example, for the philosophy of scientific explanation and for the metaphysics of mathematics) (Baker 2005, 2009; Bangu 2008; Colyvan 1998; Craver and Povich 2017; Lange 2013, 2016, 2018; Mancosu 2008; Povich 2019, 2020; Steiner 1978). In this discussion, I present three desiderata for any account of extra-mathematical explanation and argue that Baron’s (2020) U-Counterfactual theory fails to meet each of them. I conclude with some reasons for pessimism that a successful account will be forthcoming.