bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peri‐treatment adverse events of primary mediastinal non‐seminomatous germ cell tumors
Authors: Chen Rong‐Long , Liu Chia‐Chuan , Ip Peng Peng , Fang Li‐Hua , Shih Li‐Sun , Chen Liuh‐Yow 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrimary mediastinal non‐seminomatous germ cell tumors (PMNSGCT) are rare but life‐threatening thoracic cancers. We report our experience from eight patients with peri‐treatment adverse events. By analyzing changes in tumor extent, serum tumor markers, and pathologies between diagnosis and transfer, those events could be attributed to postbiopsy respiratory insufficiency, growing teratoma syndrome, secondary histiocytic malignancy, and PMNSGCT progression. Subjecting patients to respiratory therapy, conventional or high‐dose chemotherapy, and surgery controlled the disease, with five of the eight patients surviving disease free. These outcomes indicate that integrated appropriate and timely approaches are important in tackling peri‐treatment adverse events.
Effect of chemical treatment and fiber loading on various properties of Bauhinia vahlii bast fibers/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites for automotive body parts
Authors: Sahu Sibakanta , Sahu Saipad Bhakta Bhagabati Prasanna J. , Nayak Subhakanta , Roul Manmatha Kumar , Khuntia Sujit Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrently, automobile industries are paying more attention on fabricating light weight materials for making vehicle body parts. So lots of research work is been carried out on natural fibers owing to their light weight and eco‐friendly nature. In this current research, composites were fabricated by reinforcing treated Bauhinia vahlii bast fiber (BV) fibers with Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic polymer for making light weight automobile parts. Various properties like static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal as well as morphological properties were studied. To get a better compatibility with ABS matrix, surfaces of fibers were treated with various chemicals. An enhancement in mechanical properties was noticed with the increase in treated BV fiber loading till optimum (23 wt%) thereafter declines. The highest mechanical properties obtained at optimum fiber loading was recorded as 68.94 MPa of tensile strength, 7.02 GPa of young's modulus, 95.27 MPa of flexural strength and 33.25 kJ/m2 of impact strength. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for analysis. Overall, the results show that reinforcing ABS matrix with BV filler improves the characteristics of the manufactured composite materials effectively. It was found that composites fabricated from 23 wt% fiber content shows superior static and dynamic mechanical properties as well as thermal properties as compared with other fabricated composites and can be used for making lightweight automobile parts.
Comparative analysis of hexamethyldisiloxane and hexamethyldisilazane plasma polymer thin films before and after plasma oxidation
Authors: Xie Xiaofan , de los Arcos Teresa , Grundmeier Guido 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe presented study compares the structure of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSN) plasma polymer thin films with a thickness of about 30 nm before and after a plasma oxidation process, focusing on the analysis of porosity and the correlated electrolyte up‐take in the formed films. The results illustrate that the plasma oxidation treatment converts the HMDSO and HMDSN plasma polymer films progressively into SiOx‐like films. However, the underlying mechanism of the etching of CxHy groups and the condensation of intermediate Si‐OH groups leads to highly porous films. The studies show that the differences in the chemical structure and nanoporosity as measured by spectroscopic techniques could be correlated with the resulting up‐take of electrolytes in the open pores of the films.
Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds Using Unsupported Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Negrete‐Vergara Camila , Álvarez‐Alcalde Damián , Moya Sergio A. , Paredes‐García Verónica , Fuentes Sandra , Venegas‐Yazigi Diego 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrogenation of nitroarenes has attracted renewed attention since it was discovered that non‐noble metal catalysts could selectively reduce nitroarenes with sensitive reducible groups. Here, we report the results of the chemoselective catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes with unsupported Ni NPs. Initial catalytic assessments showed high activity and selectivity, reaching conversions up to 99 % and 100 % selectivity towards the substituted anilines containing reducible groups such as halogens and nitrile. The recyclability test showed impressive stability of the catalyst up to the fifth run for the target product. Preliminary studies on the catalytic mechanism of the Ni NPs indicate that the nitrosobenzene might not participate as an intermediate in this reaction. Instead, a hydroxylamino adsorbed on the Ni surface is proposed. This work displays an accessible approach for synthesizing an active and selective catalyst for reducing nitroarenes in the presence of facile reducible substituents.
Designing of Birnessite/Polyaniline Composite for Improving Cyclability as Cathode Material for Zinc Ion Batteries Based on Insights into the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Bai Xiaojie , Zhang Huaxu , Liu Hao , Liao Libing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqueous Zn/MnO2 batteries (ZIBs) have high application value and development prospects in large‐scale energy storage. However, the cyclability of MnO2 is poor and its reaction mechanism is still controversy. Here, we revealed the zinc storage mechanism was Zn2+/H+ intercalation and conversion mechanism rather than Zn2+ and H+ co‐insertion reaction mechanism of birnessite (δ‐MnO2) electrode, and cycle fading was mainly caused by bad reversibility of ZnMn3O7 ⋅ 2H2O which was formed during conversion reactions by combining with X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses and so on. On this basis, appropriate polyaniline (PANI) was intercalated to the layer of δ‐MnO2 to stabilize its structure. The composite electrode exhibited higher capacity of 105 mAh/g after 250 cycles at 1 C rate, while δ‐MnO2 electrode had capacity of 86 mAh/g at same condition. Therefore, PANI intercalation can improve the cycle performance of the ZIBs to some extent. This work is believed to provide new strategy for further research on MnO2 cathode in ZIBs.
More than “Good Job!”: The Critical Role of Teacher Feedback in Classroom Discourse and Language Development
Authors: Wasik Barbara A. , Farrow JeanMarie , Hindman Annemarie H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConversations between an adult and a child are effective ways to promote language and vocabulary development in young children. Considerable attention has been paid to teachers asking open‐ended questions to promote conversations. However, the feedback that follows the question is also an important part of promoting back‐and‐forth dialogue, and less attention has been paid to this aspect of an exchange. Teachers' feedback uniquely encourages conversations beyond one back‐and‐forth turn, essential for promoting rich adult–child language interactions. This paper discusses the role of teacher feedback in extending conversations that encourage children to use language in meaningful ways. We review the research findings on teacher feedback and offer evidenced‐based, practical suggestions on providing feedback, meant to support teachers and children as they engage in conversations. Asking open‐ended questions is one part of meaningful conversations; feedback extends the conversation and supports children's language development.
Evaluation of factors associated with surgical site infection in equine proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis: 54 cases (2010–2019)
Authors: Daniels Alyssa , Pezzanite Lynn M. , Griffenhagen Gregg M. , Hendrickson Dean A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) following orthopaedic implant placement in horses has been reported but not compared with respect to specific antibiotic protocols administered.ObjectivesTo determine factors associated with SSI in horses undergoing proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis including perioperative antibiotic protocols.MethodsRecords were evaluated (2010–2019), and horses undergoing PIPJ arthrodesis were identified. Patient signalment, supervising surgeon, reason for surgery, limb, implants placed, anaesthetic time, duration casting/coaptation postoperatively, antibiotic regimen and incidence/onset SSI were recorded. Bayesian and frequentist logistic regressions were used to estimate the contribution of covariates to infection occurrence.ResultsFifty‐four PIPJ arthrodeses were performed. SSI occurred in 2/54 (3.7%) on day 15,30. Arthrodesis was performed most commonly for osteoarthritis (33/54, 61.1%), fracture (11/54, 20.4%), and subluxation (5/54, 9.3%). Perioperative systemic antibiotics were administered 1–3 days (15/54, 27.8%) or > 3 days (39/54, 72.2%). Antibiotic protocols included cefazolin/gentamicin (20/54, 37%), cefazolin/gentamicin/doxycycline (14/54, 25.9%) and potassium penicillin/gentamicin (10/54, 18.5%). Regional limb perfusion was performed preoperatively 31/54 (57.4%) and postoperatively 7/54 (13%). Survival to dismissal was 98.1% (53/54 horses) with one horse euthanized due to support limb laminitis. No association was identified between antibiotic selection or duration (1–3 vs. > 3 days), pre‐operative regional antibiotic perfusion, intraoperative antibiotic lavage or anaesthetic time (< or > 3 h) and SSI; however, modelling was complicated by quasi‐complete or complete separation of the data. Bayesian analysis (but not frequentist analysis) indicated an association between post‐operative regional antibiotic perfusion and SSI. Limitations include the retrospective nature of data collection and the low rate of infection overall.ConclusionsThe prevalence of SSI in this population was lower than that in previous reports of equine orthopaedic internal fixation. There was no difference in SSI rate in cases administered systemic antibiotics for 1–3 days or >3 days, or for those horses that did or did not receive preoperative regional antibiotic perfusion.
Simultaneous pyometra and pregnancy in a female dog
Authors: Amanollahi Shiva , Mirshahi Ali , Kazemi Mehrjerdi Hossein 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the causes of pregnancy loss is pyometra, defined as an accumulation of purulent material in the uterine lumen. A 1‐year‐old, female Shih‐Tzu with a history of mating and no additional significant medical history, was presented with anorexia, pyrexia and vomiting for 4 days of duration. The female dog was clinically ill with abnormal laboratory findings. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed an embryo and gestational sac in the left uterine horn and large collection of hypoechoic fluid with echogenic particles in the right uterine horn. Based on these findings, a suspected diagnosis of pyometra or mucometra with pregnancy was made. Due to the severity of the animal's condition and the high risk of death, ovariohysterectomy was immediately recommended. After surgery, the existence of pyometra and gestational sac were confirmed by opening the right and left uterine horns. According to the rare occurrence of this condition, we reported this case.
Investigation of Marangoni bio‐thermal convection in layers of nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Khayyat Latifa Ishaq , Abdullah Abdullah Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMarangoni bio‐thermal convection in a layer of nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms is investigated. The motion of the nanoparticles is characterized by the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion. The lower boundary of the nanofluid layer is assumed to be a rigid surface at constant temperature and the upper boundary is assumed to be a non‐deformable free surface. The stability of the layer is analysed numerically using a Chebyshev spectral method. Two types of nanofluids are studied, namely distilled water/alumina and distilled water/cupric oxide. The physical properties of these nanofluids are modelled by constitutive expressions developed by Hamilton and Crosser, Brinkman and Khanafer and Vafai. Stability boundaries are obtained for appropriate values of the parameters of the problem. The critical eigenvalues are complex‐valued, which indicates that the onset of instability is via an oscillatory mode.
Resilienz durch Unternehmenskultur
Authors: Perucca Adrienne , Schellinger Jochen 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungWird Korruption aufgedeckt, kann dies für Unternehmen starke Reputationseinbußen mit sich bringen und zu gravierenden Kosten führen. Die Korruptionsprävention reduziert diese Risiken deutlich und trägt damit zur Stärkung der unternehmerischen Resilienz bei. Anhand eines integrierten Modells zur Krisenvermeidung wird aufgezeigt, wie Korruptionsrisiken vermindert werden können und wie in Reputationskrisen Schadensbegrenzungen möglich sind. Das entwickelte Modell hebt auf die Relevanz der Unternehmenskultur ab und zeigt vermutete Wirkungszusammenhänge im Krisenkontext auf. Die modellbasierte qualitative Befragung Schweizer Expertinnen und Experten aus der Praxis deutet auf eine hohe Bedeutung der Unternehmenskultur und -kommunikation für die Korruptionsprävention und die Sicherung der Unternehmensreputation hin, vor, aber auch nach Eintritt eines Korruptionsfalls. Eine in der Unternehmenskultur verankerte Korruptionsprävention erhöht damit die Resilienz und trägt zur Complianceförderung im Unternehmen bei.
Resilienz durch soziale Innovation: Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren von sozialen Innovationen in der Stadtregion Bern
Authors: Steiner Lukas , Landolf Marc Alexander , Kissling-Näf Ingrid , Hietschold Nadine 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungSoziale Innovationen, definiert als neue Lösungen für soziale Probleme, können zur Resilienz einer Gesellschaft beitragen. Damit deren Potenzial genutzt werden kann, gilt es jedoch, die Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren bei der Umsetzung von sozialen Innovationen zu verstehen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht deshalb im Rahmen einer Interviewstudie die Erfolgsfaktoren und Barrieren für soziale Innovationen im Raum Bern und stellt heraus, wie konkret zur Förderung von sozialen Innovationen beigetragen werden kann.
Resilienz durch kontinuierliche Prozessoptimierung
Authors: von Burg Roman , Tokarski Kim Oliver 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDurch die Digitalisierung und digitale Transformation finden vermehrt Maschinen, physische Roboter und Softwareroboter Einzug in die Arbeitswelt. Dies führt auch zu einer Erhöhung der organisatorischen Resilienz im Zusammenhang mit Unternehmensprozessen. Speziell im Bereich Kaizen, wo der Mensch stets im Mittelpunkt steht, wird sich diese Thematik herausfordernd gestalten. Neben der technischen Machbarkeit stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit Digitalisierung und Automatisierung in der Kaizen-Philosophie Platz finden. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung zeigen, dass die digitale Anwendung der aktuell eingesetzten Tools und Methoden der Kaizen-Beratung limitiert ist. Daneben beeinträchtigt das fehlende Know-how der Menschen über die Funktionsweise der maschinellen Tätigkeiten die erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit zwischen Mensch und Maschine. Für die Kaizen-Beratung wird es zukünftig gelten, die Balance zwischen kontinuierlichen kleinen Schritten und der Optimierung ganzer Prozesslandschaften zu finden.
On $\mathfrak {sl}_{2}$-Triples for Classical Algebraic Groups in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Goodwin Simon M. , Pengelly Rachel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLet $\mathbb {k}$
k
be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 2. Let G be one of the classical algebraic groups $\text {GL}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

GL

n

(
k
)
, $\text {SL}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

SL

n

(
k
)
, $\text {Sp}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

Sp

n

(
k
)
, $\mathrm {O}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

O

n

(
k
)
or $\text {SO}_{n}(\mathbb {k})$

SO

n

(
k
)
, and let $\mathfrak {g} = \operatorname {Lie} G$
g
=
Lie
G
. We determine the maximal G-stable closed subvariety $\mathcal {V}$
V
of the nilpotent cone $\mathcal {N}$
N
of $\mathfrak {g}$
g
such that the G-orbits in $\mathcal {V}$
V
are in bijection with the G-orbits of $\mathfrak {sl}_{2}$

s
l

2

-triples (e, h, f) with $e,f \in \mathcal {V}$
e
,
f
∈
V
. This result determines to what extent the theorems of Jacobson–Morozov and Kostant on $\mathfrak {sl}_{2}$

s
l

2

-triples hold for classical algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field of “small” odd characteristic.
Persistence studies: a new kind of economic history?
Authors: Cioni Martina , Federico Giovanni , Vasta Michelangelo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince the early years of the 21st century, economists have started to look for the historical roots of current economic outcomes. In this article, we deal with this new approach (called persistence studies), as represented by the 75 articles published in ten leading economics journals since 2001. We outline the key features (issues, period, geographical area of interest, etc.) of these articles and we discuss their citational record, in comparison with the (much more numerous) economic history articles in the same journals. We also explore the affiliation and training of the 121 authors of persistence studies, highlighting the role of some Boston institutions as the cradle of the new approach.
The biological feasibility and social context of gene-edited, caffeine-free coffee
Authors: Leibrock Nils V. , Santegoets Joris , Mooijman Paul J. W. , Yusuf Filemon , Zuijdgeest Xander C. L. , Zutt Esmée A. , Jacobs Josette G. M. , Schaart Jan G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoffee, especially the species Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora, is one of the world’s most consumed beverages. The consumer demand for caffeine-free coffee is currently being met through chemical decaffeination processes. However, this method leads to loss of beverage quality. In this review, the feasibility of using gene editing to produce caffeine-free coffee plants is reviewed. The genes XMT (7-methylxanthosine methyltransferase) and DXMT (3,7-dimethylxanthine methyltransferase) were identified as candidate target genes for knocking out caffeine production in coffee plants. The possible effect of the knock-out of the candidate genes was assessed. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated introduction of the CRISPR-Cas system to Knock out XMT or DXMT would lead to blocking caffeine biosynthesis. The use of CRISPR-Cas to genetically edit consumer products is not yet widely accepted, which may lead to societal hurdles for introducing gene-edited caffeine-free coffee cultivars onto the market. However, increased acceptance of CRISPR-Cas/gene editing on products with a clear benefit for consumers offers better prospects for gene editing efforts for caffeine-free coffee.
The barriers and facilitators to satisfaction with botulinum neurotoxin treatment in people with cervical dystonia: a systematic review
Authors: Boyce Melani J. , McCambridge Alana B. , Bradnam Lynley V. , Canning Colleen G. , Verhagen Arianne P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Cervical dystonia (CD) is an isolated, focal, idiopathic dystonia affecting the neck and upper back. CD is usually treated by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections into the dystonic muscles; however, about 20% of people will discontinue BoNT therapy. This systematic review aimed to determine the barriers to satisfaction and facilitators that could improve satisfaction with BoNT therapy for people with CD.

Methods
A database search for journal articles investigating satisfaction with BoNT treatment in CD identified seven qualitative studies and one randomised controlled trial. Results were grouped into “direct” and “indirect” barriers and facilitators.

Results
The most reported direct barrier to satisfaction with BoNT was treatment non-response, reported by up to 66% of participants. Other direct barriers included negative side effects, early wearing-off of treatment effect and inexperience of the treating physician. Indirect barriers included limited accessibility to treatment (including cost) and personal choice. Direct facilitators of satisfaction with BoNT included relief of symptoms and flexible re-treatment intervals. Indirect facilitators included easy accessibility to treatment.

Conclusions
Despite BoNT having a discontinuation rate of only 20%, it appears a much greater proportion of people with CD are dissatisfied with this treatment. As BoNT is currently the main treatment offered to people with CD, efforts to improve treatment response rates, reduce side effects and make treatment more flexible and readily available should be adopted to improve the quality of life for people with CD.
Does the inclusion of societal costs change the economic evaluations recommendations? A systematic review for multiple sclerosis disease
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez B. , Daugbjerg S. , Peña-Longobardo L. M. , Oliva-Moreno J. , Aranda-Reneo I. , Cicchetti A. , López-Bastida J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis imposes a heavy burden on the person who suffers from it and on the relatives, due to the caregiving load involved. The objective was to analyse whether the inclusion of social costs in economic evaluations of multiple sclerosis-related interventions changed results and/or conclusions.

Methods
A systematic review was launched using Medline and the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry of Tufts University (2000–2019). Included studies should: (1) be an original study published in a scientific journal, (2) be an economic evaluation of any multiple sclerosis-related intervention, (3) include productivity losses and/or informal care costs (social costs), (4) be written in English, (5) use quality-adjusted life years as outcome, and (6) separate the results according to the perspective applied.

Results
Twenty-nine articles were selected, resulting in 67 economic evaluation estimations. Social costs were included in 47% of the studies. Productivity losses were assessed in 90% of the estimations (the human capital approach was the most frequently used method), whereas informal care costs were included in nearly two-thirds of the estimations (applying the opportunity and the replacement-cost methods equally). The inclusion of social costs modified the figures for incremental costs in 15 estimations, leading to a change in the conclusions in 10 estimations, 6 of them changing from not recommended from the healthcare perspective to implemented from the societal perspective. The inclusion of social costs also altered the results from cost-effective to dominant in five additional estimations.

Conclusions
The inclusion of social costs affected the results/conclusions in multiple sclerosis-related interventions, helping to identify the most appropriate interventions for reducing its economic burden from a broader perspective.