bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Investigation of Remittance Shocks on ‎Economic Growth in ‎‎Nigeria: Effect COVID-19 on Economic Growth for ‎‎2019-2020 Years
Authors: Salisu Ali , Ibrahim, Haladu Adahama , Suwaid Zainab Said 
Published: March 2022

Aims: The study investigates the impact of remittances shocks on economic growth in Nigeria in the midst of Covid-19.
Study Design: This study is design to investigate the shocks effect of remittances on the economic growth in Nigeria in the midst of Covid-19. The analysis is based on monthly data, the period which study intends to cover is 24 months i.e. (2019 m1-2020 m12). Quantitative technique of data analysis is employed due to the nature of the study. The analysis is based on time series econometric modeling that establishes link between the variables of interest and controls for other variables affecting the relationship.
Place and Duration of the Study: Nigerian Economy in the midst of Covid-19 from 2019m1 to 2020m12.
Methodology: The study employed Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) model.
Results: The results revealed that, the shock of remittances on real gross domestic product was found to be positive. Exchange rate has negative effect on real gross domestic product in Nigeria. Foreign direct investment has negative effect on real gross domestic product in Nigeria. The result from impulse response function shows that, the shock of remittances to real GDP in the midst of to Covid-19 pandemic has impacted positively. The Granger causality test shows that remittances granger cause real gross domestic product and real gross product granger cause remittances in Nigeria. Exchange rate granger cause real gross domestic product and real gross product granger cause exchange rate in Nigeria. Foreign direct investment granger cause real gross domestic product and real gross product granger cause foreign direct investment in Nigeria.
Conclusions: According to the report, the Nigerian government should give measures to make remittances cheaper because bigger remittance inflows will compensate for any losses incurred as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, and remittances should be used for both investment and consumption.
Psychometric Properties of Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale - A Study among Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Jabeen Bushra , Salahuddin Amra , Kassab Yaman W. , Bethala Krupavaram , Salih Ahmed Abdelrahman Gadelseed , Paneerselvam Ganesh Sritheran , Matias Winsthon Carpo , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aimed to perform the psychometric properties of Perceived Stress Scale 10 among AF patients.
Methodology: A study was performed among AF patients using the Perceived Stress Scale 10. Sociodemographic and patients reported clinical data were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Out of total 310 study participants, there were more female patients 185 (59.7%) than the male patients 125 (40.3%). No major issues regarding internal consistency, factorial validity, and convergent validity were observed.
Conclusion: The present study confirmed the reliability and validity of Perceived Stress Scale 10 among the studied cohort of the AF patients.
Effect of Sociodemographic Correlates on Quality of Life of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Kassab Yaman W. , Shah Mehr Ali , Menon Shashidharan , Salih Ahmed Abdelrahman Gadelseed , Salahuddin Amra , Moiz Muhammad Umer Abdul , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine effect of sociodemographic correlates on quality of life (QoL) in heart failure patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study using a newly developed and validated research tool and MLHF research tool, was conducted in heart failure patients. Data was collected by convenience sampling method. Descriptive, comparative, and inferential statistics were used by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 24 to determine the sociodemographic correlates of QoL in heart failure patients.
Results: Out of total 177 studied patients, the majority of the studied heart failure patients were male 103 (58.2%) and the females were 74 (41.8%). The most of the studied heart failure patients were from > 60 years of age group 73 (41.2%). In Spearman’s correlation analysis, statistically non-significant (p >0.05), weak and positive associations were observed. The studied demographic variables like gender, age, marital status, educational level, monthly income, smoking, family history and weight were found to have positive correlation with patients overall QoL
Conclusion: The study results concluded a weak but positive correlation between various studied demographic variables and QoL of the heart failure patients.
Assessment of the Level of Awareness among Parents about Avertive Measures and its Relationship with Dental Health Status of 6–12 Years Old Children in Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Singh Swati , Neyaz Nudrat , Singh Alok Vrat , Tanwar Aditi Singh , Beni Krishna 
Published: March 2022

Background: A child's oral health is critical to his or her general health as well as well-being, and it is one of the foundations for a disease-free life. Because a parent or caregiver plays such a significant part in a child's life, their understanding together with attitude toward oral health will have a significant influence on the child's oral healthiness.
Aim: The goal of this research is to assess oral health expertise among parents of children within the age group of 6–12 years in Hazaribag and its link to their children's dental health.
Materials and procedures: The research comprised 200 parents of children aged 6–12 years old who had no systemic illness or pathology. The parents were given a detailed questionnaire with apparent validity that included questions on their perspectives about their children's dental health awareness, caries avertion, and the significance of food. SPSS 23 was used to do statistical analysis on the data.
Results: The findings indicated that children of parents with a poor understanding of oral health had higher decaying, missing, as well as filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) scores than children of parents with a good understanding of oral health.
Conclusion: It is critical for parents to be educated about oral health in order to maintain their children's oral health.
Painterly, Misfit and Redundant: Challenging Precision and Optimisation with Scavenging
Authors: Tabbarah Faysal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFaysal Tabbarah is Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Architecture at the American University of Sharjah and co‐founder of design studio Architecture + Other Things (A+OT). Here he explores alternative forms through the painterly, the natural environment and the architectonic with the aim of developing new and original ways of constructing material that can be used for building.
‘Strange Networks’: Inhabiting the Boundary Condition A Conversation with Thom Mayne
Authors: Ago Viola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGuest‐Editor of this AD Viola Ago interviewed the Pritzker Prizewinning architect Thom Mayne, founding member of SCI‐Arc and co‐founder of internationally renowned architectural firm Morphosis, on the publication of his recent book Strange Networks. Also the collective name of his series of speculative drawings and reliefs created over a number of years, ‘Strange Networks’ is an attempt to reveal incidental architectural forms and topologies to expand his architectural language. Here he explains the motivation behind the book and its contents.
An Aesthetic of Collapse: Alternative Form, Disorder and Indeterminacy A Conversation with Jack Halberstam
Authors: Ago Viola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGuest‐Editor of this AD Viola Ago discusses societal norms and the aesthetic of collapse within architectural discourse, and the links between physical spaces and the social structures they support, with distinguished author and Columbia University Professor Jack Halberstam, who argues that existing social and architectural structures have inbuilt inequalities and that ‘collapse’ is a better paradigm than ‘repair’ in bringing about social, gender‐based, financial and material equity.
High Thermoelectric Performance of CaMg2Bi2 Enabled by Dynamic Doping and Orbital Alignment
Authors: Guo Muchun , Zhai Wenya , Li Jingyu , Zhu Jianbo , Guo Fengkai , Liu Zihang , Liu Ming , Zhu Yuke , Dong Xingyan , Zhang Yongsheng , Zhang Qian , Cai Wei , Sui Jiehe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSubstantial progress in improving the thermoelectric performance of CaMg2Bi2‐based materials has been made, yet existing reports barely discuss the effect of intrinsic Bi impurity on the transport properties. In this study, the first‐principles calculation shows that the Bi‐rich environment associated with Bi impurities facilitates the reduction of cation vacancy formation energy and then increases the carrier concentration. In addition, in the samples containing Bi impurity, a dynamic doping behavior caused by the redissolving of Bi second phase into the matrix with increasing temperature is identified experimentally, which force the carrier concentration to approach the optimal carrier concentration nH,opt, leading to a more than a 5 times enhancement of the figure‐of‐merit (ZT) compared to the single‐phase CaMg2Bi1.94. Moreover, by doping Ba and Yb on the Ca Site, orbital alignment is realized and phonon scattering is also enhanced. The synergistical optimization of electrical and thermal transportation brings a peak ZT of 1.24 at 873 K and a record ZTave of 0.86 (300–873 K) in (Ca0.5Yb0.25Ba0.25)0.995Na0.005Mg2Bi1.98 sample.
Theory‐Guided Material Design Enabling High‐Performance Multifunctional Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics without Optical Modulations
Authors: Liu Wuyue , Sun Shaoming , Xu Shengjie , Zhang Hao , Zheng Yingqi , Wei Zhixiang , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSemitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) have drawn great attention for promising applications in building‐integrated photovoltaics, providing additional power generation for daily use. A previously proposed strategy, “complementary NIR absorption,” is widely applied for high‐performance ST‐OPVs. However, rational material design toward high performance has not been achieved. In this work, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) model describing this strategy is developed to explore the full potential of material design on ST‐OPV performance. Guided by the model, a novel nonfullerene acceptor (NFA), ATT‐9, is designed and synthesized, which possesses optimal bandgap for ST‐OPVs, achieving a record short‐circuit current density of 30 mA cm−2 and a power conversion efficiency of 13.40%, the highest value among devices based on NFAs with bandgaps lower than 1.2 eV. It is notworthy that, at such a low bandgap, the energy loss of the device is only 0.58 eV, which is attributed to the low energetic disorder confirmed by an ultralow Urbach energy of 21.6 meV. Benefiting from the optimal bandgap and low energy loss, the ATT‐9‐based ST‐OPV achieves a high light utilization efficiency of 3.33% without optical modulations, and meanwhile shows excellent thermal insulation, exceeding the commercial 3M heat‐insulating window film, demonstrating the outstanding application prospects of multifunctional ST‐OPVs.
Reduced‐Dimensional Engineering toward 2D R‐P (OAm)2CsPb2Br7 Perovskite by Metal Ion Enabled Ligands Confinement Effect
Authors: Gao Xupeng , Hu Qiang , Li Xin , Lu Po , Zhong Yuan , Shen Xinyu , Yu William W. , Lu Min , Wu Zhennan , Yu Siyao , Bai Xue , Zhang Yu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe dimension is a leading parameter in customization of unique optoelectronic properties of halide perovskite, while it is still challenging to achieve dimension control beyond the well‐developed composition regulation‐based strategy considering their intrinsic feature of ionic crystal. In this paper, ligands‐directed confinement effect is emphasized in rendering the reduced‐dimensional engineering of halide perovskite, and quasi‐2D (OAm)2CsPb2Br7 (n = 2) nanosheets are obtained by introducing a large amount of metal ions. As a representation, with Mg2+ participation, the initial adsorption of organic ligands (i.e., OA and OAm) to inorganic components (i.e., [PbBr6]4−) is promoted, conferring a ligands‐directed surface reconstruction to form the lamellar structure composed of alternate organic and inorganic layers. Namely, the inorganic–organic lamellar ensemble will play as a soft template, which effectively restricts the growth of [PbBr6]4− in the c‐axis direction even after the Cs‐OA injection, thus producing the anisotropic layered perovskite of (OAm)2CsPb2Br7 from CsPbBr3 scenario. Notably, such reduced‐dimensional engineering enables a remarkable luminescence tailoring, of which the deep blue emission centered at 439 nm is achieved. In addition, benefiting from such universal strategy, the luminescence is also dependent on the species of introduced metal ions (e.g., Ca2+, Co2+, Sr2+, and Mn2+).
Visible Light Activated Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Based on Triplet‐to‐Singlet Förster‐Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Zhao Yunhan , Ma Liangwei , Huang Zizhao , Zhang Junji , Willner Itamar , Ma Xiang , Tian He 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStimuli‐responsive room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have drawn widespread attention in information encryption, sensors, and bio‐imaging. In this work, a photoactivated organic RTP material through triplet‐to‐singlet Förster‐resonance energy transfer (TS‐FRET) inhibited by visible‐light stimulation is reported. A stable phosphorescence energy donor and a fluorescent dye sensitive to visible light as the energy acceptor are doped into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer matrix to construct an amorphous organic RTP system. Due to the photodegradation characteristic of the energy acceptor, the phosphorescence intensity of the energy donor increases visually upon irradiation with visible light. This study provides a novel strategy to design stimuli‐responsive organic RTP materials.
From Corn Husks to Scalable, Strong, Transparent Bio‐Plastic Using Direct Delignification‐Splicing Strategy
Authors: Zhang Kairui , Zhu Liangliang , Li Huayang , Zheng Mei , Zhang Jun , Zheng Yongjun , Zheng Rongbo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiomass‐based plastics (BPs), produced from natural polymers using a bottom‐up strategy, have been used to alleviate the environmental pollution caused by petrochemical‐based plastics (PCPs). Such BPs, however, typically require complex manufacturing processes, resulting in higher costs and reduced eco‐friendly features. Herein, a delignification‐splicing‐based strategy without adhesives for directly converting corn (Zea mays L.) husks to corn husk‐based plastic (CHP) is described. During this process, lignin is removed from the corn husks and the pores collapse to form a dense structure. The CHP, which combines high mechanical strength (118 MPa) and a Young's modulus of  7.8 GPa with excellent light transmittance (86%), can be prepared in large sheets and can potentially replace non‐renewable, non‐biodegradable PCPs. Each hm2 of cornfield can generate 1.2 hm2 of CHP annually using the strategy. The process is simple, green, scalable, and as low cost as traditional PCPs since the only consumables are corn husks, NaClO, and water. Functional CHPs, such as fluorescent or hydrophobic CHPs, can be fabricated by impregnating delignified corn husk with carbon dots before pressing or by post‐pressing hydrophobilization, respectively. This work develops an alternative green and sustainable technology for eco‐friendly BPs, adds value to agricultural waste, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Low‐Temperature‐Processed Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Reddy Sathy Harshavardhan , Di Giacomo Francesco , Di Carlo Aldo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe impending commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is plodding despite the booming power conversion efficiencies and high stabilities. Most high‐performance, stable PSCs are often processed partially with high‐temperature processes, increasing the cost of production and energy payback time. Low‐temperature‐processed PSCs are crucial as they cut down the expenses lowering the barriers to industrial use. In addition, low‐temperature‐processed methods have a wide range of applicability in flexible devices and for tandem applications with other photovoltaic technologies where the temperature budget is limited. Therefore, making stable PSCs under ambient conditions as well as providing low‐cost fabrication techniques is highly desirable. Here, a detailed review is presented on the development of the low‐temperature process strategies for fabricating highly stable PSCs and perovskite solar modules. The effectiveness of low‐temperature processing in various classes of materials is also discussed. First, the authors introduce some major degradation processes in PSCs. Then, the developments and evolving strategies of notable materials using low‐temperature processing routes and a correlation with stability are summarized. A few general trends which are related to stability are also discussed. Overall, this review contributes to a better understanding of the status of low‐temperature‐processed cells and modules.
Hypothesis: Central digit hypoplasia
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. , Nasri Hanah Z. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLimb deficiencies are a common birth defect. A malformations surveillance program among many newborns, stillborn fetuses, and malformed fetuses in elective terminations can identify a sufficient number of infants with the same set of abnormalities to characterize a specific limb deficiency phenotype. The active malformations surveillance program was carried out among 289,365 births at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston over a 41‐year period (1972–2012). The research assistants identified the affected infants and fetuses from reading the findings recorded in each newborn's medical record by the examining pediatricians and consultants and by the pathologists in autopsies. One hundred ninety‐four newborn infants and fetuses were found to have a limb deficiency either as an isolated abnormality or as one of multiple malformations. We identified three phenotypes of limb deficiency. We present here the seventeen infants and fetuses with “central digit hypoplasia,” a term we suggest for this phenotype: hypoplasia of the thumb and fifth finger with nubbins of soft tissue in place of fingers 2, 3, and 4 at the level of the metacarpal–phalangeal joint. Central digit hypoplasia is to be distinguished primarily from the terminal transverse limb defect that ends at the wrist. In symbrachydactyly, the middle and distal phalanges of the fingers and toes are hypoplastic. In addition, central digit hypoplasia should be distinguished from the amniotic band syndrome, the most common and incorrect diagnosis suggested by the pediatricians and the consultants in this survey. The affected infant and her/his parents benefit from more accurate and specific counseling.
Drinking frequency in wild lactating chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) and their offspring
Authors: Nelson Rachel S. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Terio Karen A. , Wellens Kaitlin R. , Lee Sean M. , Murray Carson M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaintaining water balance is essential for organismal health, and lactating females must balance individual needs with milk production and offspring hydration. Primate milk is dilute and presumed to be the primary source for infant hydration for a considerable time period. Few studies have investigated the hydration burden that lactation may place on female primates. In this study, we investigated sources of variation in female and offspring drinking frequency among wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We hypothesized females would experience seasonal and lactation hydration burdens and adjust their drinking behavior to accommodate these, but this hydration burden would vary between females of different dominance ranks. We also predicted that parity would relate to maternal drinking frequency since primiparous females are still investing in their own growth. Finally, we predicted that offspring would drink more in the dry season and as they aged and lost milk as a water source, but that offspring of high‐ranking females would be buffered from these effects. Using 41 years of long‐term data on the behavior of mothers and offspring of Gombe National Park, we found that mothers drank more in the dry season, but there was no significant difference between mothers of different ranks during this period. Low‐ranking females drank significantly more than mid‐ and high‐ranking females during late lactation. Offspring also drank more in the dry season and as they aged, but there was no evidence of buffering for those with high‐ranking mothers. While chimpanzees in our study population drank infrequently, they do demonstrate noticeable shifts in drinking behavior that suggests seasonal and reproductive hydration burdens.
Transfers of disadvantage across three generations using latent class associations within families
Authors: Adams Emma K. , Hancock Kirsten J. , Mitrou Francis , Christensen Daniel , Taylor Catherine L. , Zubrick Stephen R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is a large volume of research on the persistence of advantage and disadvantage across generations. Intergenerational studies typically address family resources as independent factors, which ignores how risks cluster together and accumulate over time. Using data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, we conducted two latent class analyses to separately identify latent classes based on grandparent and parent characteristics for study children. We then examined the association between our identified latent classes and grandchild educational outcomes in Years 3 to 9. Five distinct latent classes of grandparent characteristics and four latent classes of parent characteristics were identified. There was association between parent and grandparent latent classes indicating intergenerational multiple disadvantage. Grandchildren in at‐risk parent latent classes tended to have significantly lower literacy and numeracy scores from Years 3 to 9. The effects of grandparent latent classes were inconsistent. The developmental circumstances of children can be defined using the characteristics of both parents and grandparents, and the role of grandparents on children's development extends beyond the influence they have on parent outcomes. This study highlights that addressing intergenerational transfers of disadvantage requires multiple, integrated and coordinated policy approaches that go beyond individual indicators of disadvantage.