bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of Myosin X contributes to the metastasis in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Deng Gang , Fu Tie-Jun , Liu Cui-Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLaryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common malignancy in Head and neck cancer for which the mechanism underlying its metastasis is poorly understood. Myosin X, a molecular motor in cells has been demonstrated to play an important role in cell migration. However, whether Myosin X is involved in the metastasis of LSCC remains unclear. To investigate the expression of Myosin X and its implication in the metastasis of LSCC, we recruited 30 patients with LSCC and 6 patients with vocal cord polyp range from October 2016 to October 2018. Tissue samples were obtained during surgery and the expression of Myosin X, Cortactin, MMP2, MMP9, E-cadherin, and β-catenin in tissue samples were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry or ELISA. Patients with LSCC were further followed-up 2 year after surgery for metastasis analysis. We found that the level of Myosin X, Cortactin, MMP2, and MMP9 was much higher in poorly differentiated LSCC compared to that in moderately and highly LSCC, as well as the control tissues. In contrast, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related marker, E-cadherin, and β-catenin, were much lower in poorly differentiated LSCC tissues compared to that in moderately and highly differentiated LSCC tissues, as well as the control tissues. Moreover, the expression of Myosin X was positively correlated with Cortactin, MMP2, and MMP9 levels. Increased expression of Myosin X in LSCC tissues was related to higher risk of metastasis. In conclusion, our findings showed that. Myosin X augments the expression of Cortactin, MMP2 and MMP9, which could upregulate the cell migration and the matrix degradation, and consequently reduce the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, thereby activating epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and promoting the metastasis of LSCC. Targeting Myosin X may have potential therapeutic effect in the metastasis of LSCC.
Enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery: an Italian consensus statement
Authors: Marinari Giuseppe , Foletto Mirto , Nagliati Carlo , Navarra Giuseppe , Borrelli Vincenzo , Bruni Vincenzo , Fantola Giovanni , Moroni Roberto , Tritapepe Luigi , Monzani Roberta , Sanna Daniela , Carron Michele , Cataldo Rita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery (ERABS) is an approach developed to improve outcomes in obese surgical patients. Unfortunately, it is not evenly implemented in Italy. The Italian Society for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases and the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care joined in drafting an official statement on ERABS.

Methods
To assess the effectiveness and safety of ERABS and to develop evidence-based recommendations with regard to pre-, intra-, and post-operative care for obese patients undergoing ERABS, a 13-member expert task force of surgeons and anesthesiologists from Italian certified IFSO center of excellence in bariatric surgery was established and a review of English-language papers conducted. Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Grade Definitions were used to grade the level of evidence and the strength of recommendations, respectively. The supporting evidence and recommendations were reviewed and discussed by the entire group at meetings to achieve a final consensus.

Results
Compared to the conventional approach, ERABS reduces the length of hospital stay and does not heighten the risk of major post-operative complications, re-operations, and hospital re-admissions, nor does it increase the overall surgical costs. A total of 25 recommendations were proposed, covering pre-operative evaluation and care (7 items), intra-operative management (1 item, 11 sub-items), and post-operative care and discharge (6 items).

Conclusions
ERABS is an effective and safe approach. The recommendations allow the proper management of obese patients undergoing ERABS for a better outcome.
Dispositional optimism and all-cause mortality after esophageal cancer surgery: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Liu Yangjun , Pettersson Erik , Schandl Anna , Markar Sheraz , Johar Asif , Lagergren Pernilla 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the association between dispositional optimism and all-cause mortality after esophageal cancer surgery and whether pathological tumor stage and the COVID-19 pandemic modified this association.

Methods
This nationwide, population-based prospective cohort study included 335 patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery in Sweden between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2019. Dispositional optimism was measured 1 year post-surgery using Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). A higher LOT-R sum score represents higher dispositional optimism. Mortality information was obtained from the Swedish Register of the Total Population. All patients were followed up until death or until December 31, 2020, whichever occurred first. Cox regression with adjustments for confounders was used.

Results
The median follow-up was 20.8 months, during which 125 (37.3%) patients died. Among the included 335 patients, 219 (65.4%) patients had tumor pathologically staged Tis-II, and 300 (89.6%) patients entered the cohort before the COVID-19 pandemic. Both tumor stage and the COVID-19 pandemic were effect modifiers. For each unit increase in LOT-R sum score, the risk of all-cause mortality decreased by 11% (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.98) among patients with tumor staged Tis-II before the COVID-19 pandemic. This association was non-significant in patients with tumor staged III–IV (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.07) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.25).

Conclusion
Assessing dispositional optimism may help predict postoperative survival, especially for patients with early and intermediate esophageal cancer. Increasing dispositional optimism might be a potential intervention target to improve survival after esophageal cancer surgery.
Probabilistic Time Estimation of Tunneling Projects: The Uri Headrace Tunnel
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Spross Johan , Stille Håkan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProbabilistic time estimation is an essential part of proper risk management in tunneling projects. In recent decades, several models have been developed for this purpose, one of which was developed by Isaksson and Stille (Rock Mech Rock Eng 38:373–398, 2005). In this paper, Isaksson and Stille’s probabilistic time and cost estimation model was improved and then applied to estimate the total tunneling time of the headrace tunnel in the Uri hydropower project in India. The improvements allow the user to more accurately account for different types of geological features and disruptive events. The result of the estimation is a distribution of tunneling time. The outcome illustrates how a proper understanding of the geological setting of the project and its effect on construction performance can contribute to effective risk management.
Intravenous immunoglobulin bridging to rituximab in NMDAR encephalitis patients non-responders to first-line treatments
Authors: Massa Federico , Franciotta Diego , Grisanti Stefano , Roccatagliata Luca , Morbelli Silvia , Beltramini Sabrina , Uccelli Antonio , Schenone Angelo , Benedetti Luana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The immunotherapy strategy for autoimmune encephalitis is based on several types and schedules of both first- and second-line drugs. Failing to respond to the latter prompts the use of non-conventional rescue therapies, with higher risks of severe adverse effects. We report on a protocol that entails the use of intravenous immunoglobulin cycles to bridge the 4-month period that the second-line drug rituximab needs to exert its full therapeutic effects.

Methods
Three patients with NMDAR encephalitis who were non-responders to first-line treatments entered the study. The protocol consisted of six monthly cycles of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG, 0.4 mg/kg/die for 5 days), starting 1 month after the last rituximab infusion (1000 mg at days 0 and 15). Brain MRI and [18F]-FDG-PET were performed at onset and at six and 18 months after onset.

Results
In the three patients, substantial improvements of disability or complete recovery were achieved, without modifications over the 30-to-50-month follow-up. No adverse events nor laboratory test abnormalities were recorded. Imaging findings paralleled the favorable disease courses. Brain [18F]-FDG-PET was more sensitive than MRI in detecting abnormalities.

Discussion
Our observations suggest that the herein-described protocol might be used in patients with NMDAR encephalitis at risk for poor prognosis in the mid-term when they need to shift to rituximab. [18F]-FDG-PET confirmed to be a sensitive tool to detect the minimal brain lesions that can underlie isolated cognitive and psychiatric symptoms.
Assessing the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in a low incidence and low mortality setting: the case of Thailand at start of the pandemic
Authors: Wang Yi , Luangasanatip Nantasit , Pan–ngum Wirichada , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Prawjaeng Juthamas , Saralamba Sompob , Painter Christopher , Briones Jamaica Roanne , Teerawattananon Yot 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, preferred COVID-19 vaccine profiles, and the preferred vaccination strategies in Thailand.

Methods
An age-structured transmission dynamic model was developed based on key local data to evaluate economic consequences, including cost and health outcome in terms of life-years (LYs) saved. We considered COVID-19 vaccines with different profiles and different vaccination strategies such as vaccinating elderly age groups (over 65s) or high-incidence groups, i.e. adults between 20 and 39 years old who have contributed to more than 60% of total COVID-19 cases in the country thus far. Analyses employed a societal perspective in a 1-year time horizon using a cost-effectiveness threshold of 160,000 THB per LY saved. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to identify and characterize uncertainty in the model.

Results
COVID-19 vaccines that block infection combined with social distancing were cost-saving regardless of the target population compared to social distancing alone (with no vaccination). For vaccines that block infection, the preferred (cost-effective) strategy was to vaccinate the high incidence group. Meanwhile, COVID-19 vaccines that reduces severity (including hospitalization and mortality) were cost-effective when the elderly were vaccinated, while vaccinating the high-incidence group was not cost-effective with this vaccine type. Regardless of vaccine type, higher vaccination coverage, higher efficacy, and longer protection duration were always preferred. More so, vaccination with social distancing measures was always preferred to strategies without social distancing. Quarantine-related costs were a major cost component affecting the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.

Conclusion
COVID-19 vaccines are good value for money even in a relatively low-incidence and low-mortality setting such as Thailand, if the appropriate groups are vaccinated. The preferred vaccination strategies depend on the type of vaccine efficacy. Social distancing measures should accompany a vaccination strategy.
Remark on digital accessibility: educational disparities define digital inclusion from adolescence onwards
Authors: Kaarakainen Meri-Tuulia , Saikkonen Loretta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlong with the digitalisation of societies and services, the accessibility of digital content has become the focus of attention. However, emphasis has been on technical accessibility, ignoring the large number of people suffering from cognitive challenges that are expected to increase as the population ages. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the problem affects not only the elderly but also the young. Utilising multivariate methods and a data set of 14,892 young Finns, the study examines the impact of educational disparities on young people’s digital usage and skills. It is observed that the level of education, the form of education and the regularity of the education path are related to differences in digital abilities of young people. Based on the results, the risks of being excluded from digital inclusion accumulate among adolescents for the youngest, but especially for those with a wide range of language, learning or motivational difficulties that manifest as delays in education path. As is known from previous research, such differences are expected to be reinforced in later life, threatening to become rather determinative.
Pseudospectral methods and iterative solvers for optimization problems from multiscale particle dynamics
Authors: Aduamoah Mildred , Goddard Benjamin D. , Pearson John W. , Roden Jonna C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe derive novel algorithms for optimization problems constrained by partial differential equations describing multiscale particle dynamics, including non-local integral terms representing interactions between particles. In particular, we investigate problems where the control acts as an advection ‘flow’ vector or a source term of the partial differential equation, and the constraint is equipped with boundary conditions of Dirichlet or no-flux type. After deriving continuous first-order optimality conditions for such problems, we solve the resulting systems by developing a link with computational methods for statistical mechanics, deriving pseudospectral methods in space and time variables, and utilizing variants of existing fixed-point methods as well as a recently developed Newton–Krylov scheme. Numerical experiments indicate the effectiveness of our approach for a range of problem set-ups, boundary conditions, as well as regularization and model parameters, in both two and three dimensions. A key contribution is the provision of software which allows the discretization and solution of a range of optimization problems constrained by differential equations describing particle dynamics.
Moomins Take the Floor. Finnish Trolls in Contemporary Mass Social (Media) Events
Authors: Dymel-Trzebiatowska Hanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTove Jansson (1914–2001) was an outstandingly talented Finnish-Swedish artist, recognized worldwide mostly as the creator of the Moomins. Although the last of the nine-volume series (1945–1970) about the internationally popular Finnish trolls, Moominvalley in November, was published over fifty years ago, the Moomins’ and Jansson’s popularity is still rising, which testifies to the universality and timelessness of the books as well as the thoughtful marketing strategies of Moomin Characters Ltd, the company responsible for copyright supervision. In this article I discuss the Moomin characters’ representation in three events set in contemporary (2017–2021), extratextual societal contexts, both strategically planned and co-organized by Moomin Characters Ltd and spontaneously organized by ordinary people. The motifs and figures from Moominvalley which have been applied in (1) the Invisible Child campaign, (2) the #OURSEA campaign, and/ (3) the women’s strike protests in Poland are exemplified and juxtaposed with their literary images in the nine Moomin books by Jansson. My conclusion is that the references are based on a selective reading and focus on beneficial—in specific contexts—facets. On the one hand, it proves the Moomin books’ versatility and topicality, while on the other, it is not inclusive and disregards the holistic message of the saga, which is an evolving continuum. Furthermore, this way of reading reinforces a single address of the unequivocally double-addressed series.
Cats are not necessarily animals
Authors: Hermida Margarida 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSome plausibly necessary a posteriori theoretical claims include ‘water is H2O’, ‘gold is the element with atomic number 79’, and ‘cats are animals’. In this paper I challenge the necessity of the third claim. I argue that there are possible worlds in which cats exist, but are not animals. Under any of the species concepts currently accepted in biology, organisms do not belong essentially to their species. This is equally true of their ancestors. In phylogenetic systematics, monophyletic clades such as the animal kingdom are composed of an ancestral stem species and all of its descendants. If the stem species had not existed, neither would the clade. Thus it could have been the case that all the organisms which actually belong to the animal kingdom might have existed yet not have been animals.
“The Temporal ‘Succession’ of Here and Now Situations”: Schütz and Garfinkel on Sequentiality in Interaction
Authors: Coates Lilian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article re-examines the relationship between the works of Alfred Schütz and Harold Garfinkel, focusing on their respective approaches to temporality in interaction. Although there are good reasons to emphasize the differences between Schütz’s notion of individual projects of action and Garfinkel’s interest in communicative sequencing, there is also an interesting historical connection. In order to elucidate this connection, the article provides a close reading of the steps that lead Schütz from his premise of ‘egological’ time consciousness to his understanding of the reflexive and interactive process of meaning establishment and interpretation developed in his first book,The Phenomenology of the Social World(1967 [1932]). The article reflects further upon which aspects of Schütz’s considerations resonated with Garfinkel in his formative years and how Garfinkel related to them variously in his later development of ethnomethodology. Hence, it appears that Garfinkel’s ethnomethodology successively departs from many of Schütz’s premises while simultaneously incorporating and further developing some of his notions on the sequential organization and temporal flux of interactive processes.
A combination of host ecology and habitat but not evolutionary history explains differences in the microbiomes associated with rotifers
Authors: Eckert Ester M. , Cancellario Tommaso , Bodelier Paul L. E. , Declerck Steven A. J. , Diwen Liang , Samad Sainur , Winder Monika , Zhou Libin , Fontaneto Diego 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe holobiont concept places emphasis on the strict relationship between a host and its associated microbiome, with several studies supporting a strong effect of the quality of the microbiome on the host fitness. The generalities of the holobiont have been questioned for several invertebrates, including zooplankton. Here we assess the role of host ecology, habitat, and evolutionary history to explain the differences in the microbiomes associated with rotifers, across a broad taxonomic spectrum and from different habitats. The analyses of 93 rotifer-associated microbiomes from 23 rotifer host species revealed that a combination of effects from the host ecology and its habitat seem to be stronger than host phylogenetic distances in explaining differences in microbial composition of the microbiomes. This pattern is in line with the idea of habitat filtering being a stronger explanation than co-evolution in shaping the relationship between a microbiome and its rotifer host.
Locating Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer Camps in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Duffy Paul R. , Marton Tibor , Borić Dušan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Mesolithic in Eastern Europe was the last time that hunter-gatherer economies thrived there before the spread of agriculture in the second half of the seventh millennium BC. But the period, and the interactions between foragers and the first farmers, are poorly understood in the Carpathian Basin and surrounding areas because few sites are known, and even fewer have been excavated and published. How did site location differ between Mesolithic and Early Neolithic settlers? And where should we look for rare Mesolithic sites? Proximity analysis is seldom used for predictive modeling for hunter-gatherer sites at large scales, but in this paper, we argue that it can serve as an important starting point for prospection for rare and poorly understood sites. This study uses proximity analysis to provide quantitative landscape associations of known Mesolithic and Early Neolithic sites in the Carpathian Basin to show how Mesolithic people chose attributes of the landscape for camps, and how they differed from the farmers who later settled. We use elevation and slope, rivers, wetlands prior to the twentieth century, and the distribution of lithic raw materials foragers and farmers used for toolmaking to identify key proxies for preferred locations. We then build predictive models for the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in the Pannonian region to highlight parts of the landscape that have relatively higher probabilities of having Mesolithic sites still undiscovered and contrast them with the settlement patterns of the first farmers in the area. We find that large parts of Pannonia conform to landforms preferred by Mesolithic foragers, but these areas have not been subject to investigation.
Asynchronous Online Instruction Leads to Learning Gaps When Compared to a Flipped Classroom
Authors: Jensen Jamie , Smith Clara M. , Bowers Robert , Kaloi Mahealani , Ogden T. Heath , Parry Kirkham A. , Payne Joshua S. , Fife Porter , Holt Emily 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the gradual shift to online education models that has taken place in recent decades, research has sought to understand the nuances of student performance in an online model in comparison to more traditional in-person modalities. However, the effects of instructional modality have been difficult to determine given the many variables that exist in course design between these methods. In this study, we attempt to determine the efficacy of asynchronous online instruction by comparing two nearly equivalent courses. The first course was a flipped classroom, a recent and well-studied hybrid model of instruction. The second was an asynchronous fully online course that contained all the same instructional elements as the in-person course but lacked any student or instructor interaction. Student performance was tracked at both a highly-selective private institution and an open-enrollment public institution. Results show that students’ performance drops in an asynchronous online course compared to an equivalent in-person experience. Several potential hypotheses are put forth to explain a change in performance that can potentially shape the design of online instruction.