bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated detection of nocturnal motor seizures using an audio‐video system
Authors: Armand Larsen Sidsel , Terney Daniella , Østerkjerhuus Tim , Vinding Merinder Torsten , Annala Kaapo , Knight Andrew , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnsupervised nocturnal tonic‐clonic seizures (TCSs) may lead to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Major motor seizures (TCSs and hypermotor seizures) may lead to injuries. Our goal was to develop and validate an automated audio‐video system for the real‐time detection of major nocturnal motor seizures.MethodsIn this Phase‐3 clinical validation study, we assessed the performance of automated detection of nocturnal motor seizures using audio‐video streaming, computer vision and an artificial intelligence‐based algorithm (Nelli). The detection threshold was predefined, the validation dataset was independent from the training dataset, patients were prospectively recruited, and the analysis was performed in real time. The gold standard was based on expert evaluation of long‐term video electroencephalography (EEG). The primary outcome was the detection of nocturnal major motor seizures (TCSs and hypermotor seizures). The secondary outcome was the detection of other (minor) nocturnal motor seizures.ResultsWe recruited 191 participants aged 1–72 years (median: 20 years), and we monitored them for 4183 h during the night. Device deficiency was present 10.5% of the time. Fifty‐one patients had nocturnal motor seizures during the recording. The sensitivity for the major motor seizures was 93.7% (95% confidence interval: 69.8%–99.8%). The system detected all 11 TCS and four out of five (80%) hypermotor seizures. For the minor motor seizure types, the sensitivity was low (8.3%). The false detection rate was 0.16 per h.ConclusionThe Nelli system detects nocturnal major motor seizures with a high sensitivity and is suitable for implementation in institutions (hospitals, residential care facilities), where rapid interventions triggered by alarms can potentially reduce the risk of SUDEP and injuries.
Cancer‐related stroke: Exploring personalized therapy strategies
Authors: Chen Yu‐Jie , Dong Rui‐Guo , Zhang Meng‐Meng , Sheng Chao , Guo Peng‐Fei , Sun Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer and ischemic stroke are two common diseases that threaten human health and have become the main causes of death in the world. It is estimated that one‐in‐ten patients with ischemic stroke have concomitant cancer, and this incidence is expected to increase as improvements in medical technology extends the life expectancy of cancer patients.DiscussionCancer‐related stroke (CRS) refers to unexplained ischemic stroke in patients with active cancer that cannot be explained by current stroke mechanisms. Available evidence suggests that CRS accounts for 5–10% of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Although the incidence of CRS is gradually increasing, its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Also, there is no consensus on acute treatment and secondary prevention of stroke.ConclusionIn this review, we retrospectively analyzed the incidence, mechanisms of CRS, its potential as a new stroke subtype, options for acute treatment, secondary prevention strategies, and disease progression, with the aim of attempting to explore personalized therapy strategies.
Recent advances and challenges in the design of Li–air batteries oriented solid‐state electrolytes
Authors: Ding Yajun , Li Yuejiao , Wu Zhong‐Shuai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolid‐state Li–air batteries with ultrahigh energy density and safety are promising for long‐range electric vehicles and special electronics. However, the challenging issues of developing Li–air battery‐oriented solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity, interfacial compatibility, and stability to boost reversibility, increase stable triple‐phase boundaries, and protect the Li anode in an open system substantially impede their applications. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent progress achieved in terms of SSEs for Li–air batteries, and describe in detail the basic characteristics of SSE|air cathode interfaces and SSE|Li anode interfaces. First, the major characteristics of SSEs in Li–air batteries in terms of ionic/electronic conductivity, chemical/electrochemical/thermal stability, mechanical strength, and interfacial compatibility are briefly introduced according to three types of SSEs: inorganic, organic, and hybrid SSEs. Second, key strategies of integrating catalytic sites, porous structures, and electronic conductors with SSEs to enhance triple‐phase boundaries at the SSE|air cathode for improving Coulombic efficiency are described in detail. Moreover, the protection of Li metal from H2O, CO2, O2, and redox mediators at the SSE|Li anode to ensure safety is elaborately overviewed. Finally, future opportunities and perspectives on three important topics of three‐dimensional structural integration, external field assistance, and operando characterizations are proposed for advanced solid‐state Li–air batteries.
Machine learning‐based prognostic and metastasis models of kidney cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuxiang , Hong Na , Huang Sida , Wu Jie , Gao Jianwei , Xu Zheng , Zhang Fubo , Ma Shaohui , Liu Ye , Sun Peiyuan , Tang Yanping , Liu Chun , Shou Jianzhong , Chen Meng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundKidney cancer originates from the urinary tubule epithelial system of the renal parenchyma, accounting for 20% of all urinary system tumors. Approximately 70% of cases are localized at diagnosis, and 30% are metastatic. Most localized kidney cancers can be cured by surgery, but most metastatic patients relapse after surgery and eventually die of kidney cancer. Therefore, accurately predicting patient survival and identifying high‐risk metastatic patients will effectively guide interventions and improve prognosis.MethodsThis study used the data of 12,394 kidney cancer patients from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database to construct a research cohort related to kidney cancer survival and metastasis. Eight machine learning models (including support vector machines, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, K‐nearest neighbors, and multilayer perceptron) were developed to predict the survival and metastasis of kidney cancer and six evaluation indicators (accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC]) were used to verify, evaluate, and optimize the models.ResultsAmong the eight machine learning models, Logistic Regression has the highest AUROC in both prediction scenarios. For 3‐year survival prediction, the Logistic Regression model had an accuracy of 0.684, a sensitivity of 0.702, a specificity of 0.670, a precision of 0.686, an F1 score of 0.683, and an AUROC of 0.741. For tumor metastasis prediction, the Logistic Regression model had an accuracy of 0.800, a sensitivity of 0.540, a specificity of 0.830, a precision of 0.769, an F1 score of 0.772, and an AUROC of 0.804.ConclusionIn this study, we selected appropriate variables from both statistical and clinical significance and developed and compared eight machine learning models for predicting 3‐year survival and metastasis of kidney cancer. The prediction results and evaluation results demonstrated that our model could provide decision support for early intervention for kidney cancer patients.
Chemical Composition, Antiaging Activities and Molecular Docking Studies of Essential Oils from Acca sellowiana (Feijoa)
Authors: El‐Nashar Heba A. S. , Adel Mai , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Yahia Ibrahim S. , El Sheshtawy Hamdy S. , Almalki Adel A. , Ibrahim Nehal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from Acca sellowiana (feijoa) leaves and stems and elaborate on their relevance as natural anti‐aging, coupled with molecular‐docking studies. The isolated oils were analysed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis and investigated for inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase, β‐secretase, collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase. Molecular‐modelling study was performed using MOE‐Dock program to evaluate binding interactions of major components with the above‐mentioned targets. The leaf oil revealed the predominance of caryophyllene oxide (24.3 %), linalool (7.9 %), and spathulenol (6.6 %), while the stem oil was presented by caryophyllene oxide (38.1 %), α‐zingiberene (10.1 %) and humulene oxide II (6.0 %). The stem oil expressed superior inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (IC50=0.15±0.01 μg/mL), β‐secretase (IC50=3.99±0.23 μg/mL), collagenase (IC50=408.10±20.80 μg/mL), elastase (IC50=0.17±0.01 μg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50=8.45±0.40 μg/mL). The valuable binding interactions and docking scores were observed for caryophyllene oxide and α‐zingiberene with acetylcholinesterase. Besides, α‐zingibirene followed by linalool and τ‐cadinol revealed tight fitting with collagenase and elastase. Additionally, linalool, spathulenol and τ‐cadinol showed the best binding energy to tyrosinase. This study provides valuable scientific data on A. sellowiana as potential candidates for the development of natural antiaging formulations. The current study provided scientific evidence for the potential use of feijoa essential oils in antiaging formulations and as an adjuvant for the prophylaxis against Alzheimer disease.
Improving the Electrocatalytic Activity of a Nickel‐Organic Framework toward the Oxygen Evolution Reaction through Vanadium Doping
Authors: Yu Hongbo , Wang Lixia , Li Huatong , Luo Zuyang , Isimjan Tayirjan Taylor , Yang Xiulin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as potential oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts owning to their ultra‐thin structure, adjustable composition, high surface area, and high porosity. Here, we designed and fabricated a vanadium‐doped nickel organic framework (V1−x−NixMOF) system by using a facile two‐step solvothermal method on nickel foam (NF). The doping of vanadium remarkably elevates the OER activity of V1−x−NixMOF, thus demonstrating better performance than the corresponding single metallic Ni‐MOF, NiV‐MOF and RuO2 catalysts at high current density (>400 mA cm−2). V0.09−Ni0.91MOF/NF provides a low overpotential of 235 mV and a small Tafel slope of 30.3 mV dec−1 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. More importantly, a water‐splitting device assembled with Pt/C/NF and V0.09−Ni0.91MOF/NF as cathode and anode yielded a cell voltage of 1.96 V@1000 mA cm−2, thereby outperforming the‐state‐of‐the‐art RuO2(+)||Pt/C(−). Our work sheds new insight on preparing stable, efficient OER electrocatalysts and a promising method for designing various MOF‐based materials.
Sex disparities in the incidence of 21 cancer types: Quantification of the contribution of risk factors
Authors: Jackson Sarah S. , Marks Morgan A. , Katki Hormuzd A. , Cook Michael B. , Hyun Noorie , Freedman Neal D. , Kahle Lisa L. , Castle Philip E. , Graubard Barry I. , Chaturvedi Anil K. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCancer incidence is higher in men than in women at most shared anatomic sites for currently unknown reasons. The authors quantified the extent to which behaviors (smoking and alcohol use), anthropometrics (body mass index and height), lifestyles (physical activity, diet, medications), and medical history collectively explain the male predominance of risk at 21 shared cancer sites.MethodsProspective cohort analyses (n = 171,274 male and n = 122,826 female participants; age range, 50–71 years) in the National Institutes of Health‐AARP Diet and Health Study (1995–2011). Cancer‐specific Cox regression models were used to estimate male‐to‐female hazard ratios (HRs). The degree to which risk factors explained the observed male–female risk disparity was quantified using the Peters–Belson method.ResultsThere were 26,693 incident cancers (17,951 in men and 8742 in women). Incidence was significantly lower in men than in women only for thyroid and gallbladder cancers. At most other anatomic sites, the risks were higher in men than in women (adjusted HR range, 1.3–10.8), with the strongest increases for bladder cancer (HR, 3.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.93–3.79), gastric cardia cancer (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.26–5.37), larynx cancer (HR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.46–5.06), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR, 10.80; 95% CI, 7.33–15.90). Risk factors explained a statistically significant (nonzero) proportion of the observed male excess for esophageal adenocarcinoma and cancers of liver, other biliary tract, bladder, skin, colon, rectum, and lung. However, only a modest proportion of the male excess was explained by risk factors (ranging from 50% for lung cancer to 11% for esophageal adenocarcinoma).ConclusionsMen have a higher risk of cancer than women at most shared anatomic sites. Such male predominance is largely unexplained by risk factors, underscoring a role for sex‐related biologic factors.
Probabilistic seismic performance of pylons of a cable‐stayed bridge under near‐fault and far‐fault ground motions
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Yixian , Zhong Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPulse‐like ground motions significantly influence structural responses, indicating that more consideration should be given to the seismic design of structures in the near‐site region. However, less effort focuses on the seismic response of a cable‐stayed bridge under near‐field pulse‐like excitations, and the difference in structural responses caused by near‐field pulse‐like and far‐field ground motions is not fully captured. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of pulse‐like ground motions on a cable‐stayed bridge, and it presents a comparison of far‐field earthquakes. Considering the finite number of recorded ground motions, artificial pulse‐like ground motions are adopted in this study. Furthermore, two classical intensity measures (peak ground velocity [PGV] and peak ground acceleration) were used to establish the probabilistic seismic demand model for cable‐stayed bridges. Then, fragility curves associated with the pylon of the bridge were compared under the action of different types of excitations, and the damage state of the whole pylon is presented through the median point of the slight damage of the curvature of each pylon section. The results indicate that the bottom section of the pylon is damaged first under different seismic excitations, with the PGV as the index. Moreover, far‐fault ground motions have a greater impact on the curvature response of the longitudinal bridge section of the pylon than the near‐fault ground motions, so the damage is more serious.
Cyclic Triimidazoles as Stabilizers for Gene Promoter and Human Telomeric DNA G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Malpicci Daniele , Andolina Stefano , Di Ciolo Stefano , Lucenti Elena , Cariati Elena , Marzano Simona , Pagano Bruno , Amato Jussara , Randazzo Antonio , Giannini Clelia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a small series of cyclic triimidazole derivatives functionalized with methylated pyridine or guanidine moieties is reported. These compounds were tested for their ability to bind to G‐quadruplexes from both telomeric and oncogene promoter sequences. Some of them exhibited high affinity and effective G‐quadruplex‐stabilizing properties. Overall, these compounds may represent useful leads for developing more potent and selective analogues.
Amine‐Rich Carbon Dots as Novel Nano‐Aminocatalytic Platforms in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Corti Vasco , Bartolomei Beatrice , Mamone Martina , Gentile Giuseppe , Prato Maurizio , Filippini Giacomo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of novel and effective metal‐free catalytic systems, which can drive value‐added organic transformations in environmentally benign solvents (for instance, water), is highly desirable. Moreover, these new catalysts need to be harmless, easy‐to‐prepare, and potentially recyclable. In this context, amine‐rich carbon dots (CDs) have recently emerged as promising nano‐catalytic platforms. These nitrogen‐doped nanoparticles, which show dimensions smaller than 10 nm, generally consist of carbon cores that are surrounded by shells containing numerous amino groups. In recent years, organic chemists have used these surface amines to guide the design of several synthetic methodologies under mild operative conditions. This Concept highlights the recent advances in the synthesis of amine‐rich carbon dots and their applications in organic catalysis, including forward‐looking opportunities within this research field.
A companion to the preclinical common data elements and case report forms for neuropathology studies in epilepsy research. A report of the TASK3WG2 Neuropathology Working Group of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force
Authors: Aronica Eleonora , Binder Devin K. , Drexel Meinrad , Ikonomidou Chrysanthy , Kadam Shilpa D. , Sperk Guenther , Steinhäuser Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society (ILAE/AES) Joint Translational Task Force initiated the TASK3 working group to create common data elements (CDEs) for various aspects of preclinical epilepsy research studies, which could help improve the standardization of experimental designs. This article addresses neuropathological changes associated with seizures and epilepsy in rodent models of epilepsy. We discuss CDEs for histopathological parameters for neurodegeneration, changes in astrocyte morphology and function, mechanisms of inflammation, and changes in the blood‐brain barrier and myelin/oligodendrocytes resulting from recurrent seizures in rats and mice. We provide detailed CDE tables and case report forms (CRFs), and with this companion manuscript, we discuss the rationale and methodological aspects of individual neuropathological examinations. The CDEs, CRFs, and companion paper are available to all researchers, and their use will benefit the harmonization and comparability of translational preclinical epilepsy research. The ultimate hope is to facilitate the development of rational therapy concepts for treating epilepsies, seizures, and comorbidities and the development of biomarkers assessing the pathological state of the disease.
Implementing case study design to evaluate diverse institutions and STEM education contexts: Lessons and key areas for systematic study
Authors: Cobian Krystle P. , White‐Lewis Damani Khary , Hurtado Sylvia , Ramos Hector V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter highlights the important contributions of case study research to the evaluation of student‐centered programs and broader STEM initiatives in higher education. We summarize the Diversity Program Consortium's case study evaluation of the Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) initiative, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), with aims to enhance diversity in the NIH‐funded workforce. We describe lessons learned from the case study design used for the evaluation of BUILD that applies to administrators of STEM initiatives who are interested in case study methods and to evaluators who are familiar with case studies and tasked with program evaluation of a multisite STEM program. These lessons include practical considerations for logistics and the importance of clarifying the goals of the case study design within the larger program evaluation, fostering the continuation of knowledge within the evaluation team, and embedding trust building and collaboration throughout all stages of the case study.
Spatial sulfur poisoning behavior associated with in‐plane electrochemical performance variation of solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Kim Young Je , Kim Han Hwi , Park Jun‐Young , Lim Hyung‐Tae 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, sulfur poisoning behavior is investigated on a 5 × 5 cm2 anode‐supported cell as a function of H2S concentration, cell voltage, and in‐plane region. At a lower cell voltage, the 1st drop % in the current density decreases by promoting sulfur desorption while the 2nd drop % increases slightly. The outlet regions with poor performance show a lower drop % owing to the water vapor effect, while the inlet regions with superior performance show a higher drop %, especially at high H2S concentrations. Ni oxidation in the inlet regions is caused by the substantial 2nd drop under the combined conditions of high current density and H2S concentration, whereas that in the outlet region is caused by the high H2O concentration. The results indicate that in‐plane performance variation may aggravate sulfur poisoning in the inlet regions, whereas it may lead to Ni oxidation in the outlet regions.
A Forest‐Based Triboelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Edberg Jesper , Mulla Mohammad Yusuf , Hosseinaei Omid , Alvi Naveed ul Hassan , Beni Valerio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a new class of energy harvesting devices that have the potential to become a dominating technology for producing renewable energy. The versatility of their designs allows TENGs to harvest mechanical energy from sources like wind and water. Currently used renewable energy technologies have a restricted number of materials from which they can be constructed, such as metals, plastics, semiconductors, and rare‐earth metals. These materials are all non‐renewable in themselves as they require mining/drilling and are difficult to recycle at end of life. TENGs on the other hand can be built from a large repertoire of materials, including materials from bio‐based sources. Here, a TENG constructed fully from wood‐derived materials like lignin, cellulose, paper, and cardboard, thus making it 100% green, recyclable, and even biodegradable, is demonstrated. The device can produce a maximum voltage, current, and power of 232 V, 17 mA m–2, and 1.6 W m–2, respectively, which is enough to power electronic systems and charge 6.5 µF capacitors. Finally, the device is used in a smart package application as a self‐powered impact sensor. The work shows the feasibility of producing renewable energy technologies that are sustainable both with respect to their energy sources and their material composition.