bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas permselectivity of novel polypyrrolone—Silica hybrid membranes
Authors: Suzuki Tomoyuki , Asano Ayumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGas permselectivity behaviors of novel thermally‐rearranged polypyrrolone (PPL)—silica hybrid membranes obtained by applying thermal rearrangement of poly(ortho‐amino imide) as a precursor polymer and sol–gel reaction using tetraethoxysilane were investigated. Gas permeability of neat PPL membranes improved with the increase in rearranged temperature, which was brought by the increased fractional free volume attributed to the enlargement of intermolecular chain distance. H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 separation abilities of the PPL—silica hybrid membranes improved and tended to cross‐corresponding upper bound trade‐off lines as the silica content increased. The admirable H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 separation abilities would be provided by the cooperative effect of high fractional free volume derived from the conversion toward PPL and expansion‐suppressed free volume elements at the polymer—silica interfaces.
The effects of the linker length on iodine adsorption and fluorescence sensing property of the N, O, P containing covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Wang FengQiang , Geng TongMou , Fang XueChun , Xu Heng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are novel porous organic materials with structural tunable features and have great potential applications in iodine adsorption and fluorescence sensing. We explore the effect of linker length on the function of the COFs prepared through the Schiff base aldehyde‐amine polycondensation with different linkers in lengths. The linker length affects the specific surface area, aperture, pore volume, and electron density of the COFs, thus affecting the ability to bind with other substances. The synthetic HPDA and HDAT in this report showed excellent iodine adsorption of 4.53 and 3.92 g g−1, respectively. Meanwhile, HPDA and HDAT are quite sensitive to the fluorescence sensing of picric acid (PA) and o‐nitrophenol (o‐NP) with their limits of detection of 1.86 × 10−11, 4.69 × 10−11 mol L−1, respectively. HPDA and HDAT can be outstanding adsorbents for iodine and excellent fluorescent sensors for PA and o‐NP, respectively.
Digitalisierung und BIM in der Geotechnik – Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen
Authors: Wilfing Lisa , Boley Conrad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGemäß den Vorgaben des BMVI (Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur) ist spätestens ab dem Jahr 2025 für Verkehrs‐ und Infrastrukturprojekte eine BIM‐gestützte (Building Information Modeling) Projektabwicklung gefordert. Bislang basierten die Anforderungen des Stufenplans (BMVI) jedoch ausschließlich auf den Bereichen Hochbau und Infrastrukturgewerke. Der Bereich Geotechnik bzw. die 3D‐Baugrundmodellierung steckt größtenteils noch in den Kinderschuhen, wobei die Digitalisierung auch in der Geotechnik bereits viele Möglichkeiten eröffnet hat. Hierzu zählen bspw. webbasierte GIS‐Anwendungen für die Baugrunderkundung. Die Projektbeteiligten können jederzeit mit mobilen Endgeräten auf projektrelevante Informationen zugreifen, die zur Planung sowie Überwachung von Erkundungsarbeiten von Bedeutung sind. Nach Abschluss der Erkundungen sind die Ergebnisse für zukünftige Projekte direkt in ein 3D‐Baugrundmodell zu überführen. Auf dem Markt existiert eine Vielzahl an Softwareprogrammen, wobei zwei Programme mit ihren Vor‐ und Nachteilen im folgenden Beitrag aufgeführt werden. Abschließend werden die Herausforderungen, aber auch die Möglichkeiten der BIM‐gestützten Planung dargestellt und die Aspekte aus dem Blickwinkel der Praxis beleuchtet.
Artificial neural networks in valorization process modeling of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Pradhan Dileswar , Jaiswal Swarna , Jaiswal Amit K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractValue‐added products such as biofuels, chemicals, enzymes, and many others can be prepared from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). To achieve high yields of these value‐added products, powerful tools such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) can be utilized during process development. In this article, we have therefore reviewed the recent application of ANN and ANFIS in modeling LCB valorization processes. Studies have shown the high predictive capability of both ANN and ANFIS for a range of different processes such as pre‐treatment processes (microwave‐assisted, organosolv‐, ultrasound‐assisted pre‐treatment and many others), thermal processes (pyrolysis and gasification), enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation processes. These tools have also shown outstanding accuracy in predicting elemental composition and thermal characteristics of biomass by using only the proximate composition of LCB as the input information. In combination with evolutionary algorithms like genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization or ant colony optimization, the ANN and ANFIS tools have shown excellent results in obtaining operational conditions for the efficient production of bioethanol, biogas, organic acids, lignin, and enzymes. However, there are only limited reports of the application of ANN and ANFIS in enzyme, organic acid and lignin production. Further research is therefore required to assess the suitability of using these tools in process development for the production of lignin, enzymes, and organic acids. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Klimaverträglichkeit als Kriterium für Entwurf und Leistungsfähigkeit von Beton am Beispiel eines Kleintierdurchlasses der ÖBB
Authors: Juhart Joachim , Autischer Michael , Krüger Markus , Kari Hannes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBeton ist der weltweit meistverwendete Baustoff und wird u. a. aufgrund seiner hohen Leistungsfähigkeit, Vielseitigkeit und Beständigkeit für Infrastrukturbauten häufig eingesetzt. Seine Produktion und Verwendung verursacht allerdings signifikante Mengen an Treibhausgasemissionen (CO2eq). Jede Reduktion von CO2eq des Baustoffs trägt folglich dazu bei, das gesellschaftliche Ziel der CO2‐Neutralität zu erreichen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird an einem Kleintierdurchlass einer Eisenbahnlinie der ÖBB beispielhaft gezeigt, wie Klimaverträglichkeit bzw. CO2‐Äquivalente (kg CO2eq/m3) unmittelbar in den Mischungsentwurf eingehen. Es wird zudem ausgeführt, wie die wesentlichen Leistungsmerkmale klimaschonender Betone – das sind neben CO2‐Äquivalenten insbesondere deren Frühfestigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit – in ihrer Gesamtheit betrachtet und optimiert werden können. Dafür werden performancebasierte Konzepte zur Bindemitteloptimierung mit kombinierten Zusatzstoffen und zum Nachweis der Dauerhaftigkeit angewandt. Außerdem wird über Erfahrungen bei der Ausführung, Prüfung und Qualitätssicherung von CO2‐reduziertem Beton im Vergleich zu äquivalentem Standardbeton berichtet.
Beyond genotype‐phenotype maps: Toward a phenotype‐centered perspective on evolution
Authors: Brun‐Usan Miguel , Zimm Roland , Uller Tobias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEvolutionary biology is paying increasing attention to the mechanisms that enable phenotypic plasticity, evolvability, and extra‐genetic inheritance. Yet, there is a concern that these phenomena remain insufficiently integrated within evolutionary theory. Understanding their evolutionary implications would require focusing on phenotypes and their variation, but this does not always fit well with the prevalent genetic representation of evolution that screens off developmental mechanisms. Here, we instead use development as a starting point, and represent it in a way that allows genetic, environmental and epigenetic sources of phenotypic variation to be independent. We show why this representation helps to understand the evolutionary consequences of both genetic and non‐genetic phenotype determinants, and discuss how this approach can instigate future areas of empirical and theoretical research.
Discontinuation of pembrolizumab for advanced urothelial carcinoma without disease progression: Nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ito Katsuhiro , Kita Yuki , Yokomizo Akira , Miki Jun , Yoshio Yuko , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Segawa Takehiko , Karashima Takashi , Nishiyama Naotaka , Imai Kazuto , Suekane Shigetaka , Nagasawa Seiji , Higashi Shin , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Kitamura Hiroshi , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPembrolizumab, an anti‐programmed death 1 monoclonal antibody, has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. However, the optimal treatment duration for treatment responders has not been established. To address this, we retrospectively assess the treatment outcomes and duration of pembrolizumab for patients whose best response was complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) in a Japanese nationwide cohort of platinum‐refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Of 203 patients whose best response was CR or PR, 83 patients discontinued pembrolizumab before progression. The median pembrolizumab treatment duration was 6.9 months. The 2‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS), treatment‐free survival, and OS rates after discontinuation were 49.0%, 57.4%, and 74.5%, respectively. CR, higher hemoglobin levels, and a better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status at the time of discontinuation were associated with significantly better RFS. Pembrolizumab was re‐administered to 12 patients. Pembrolizumab re‐challenge resulted in CR, PR, stable disease, and progressive disease in six, three, two, and one patient, respectively. Propensity score‐matched landmark analysis revealed no significant OS difference between patients who continued or discontinued pembrolizumab at 6, 12, and 18 months (p = 0.91, 0.99, and 0.25, respectively). Our findings demonstrated that patients with objective responses had favorable survival outcomes and suggested that pembrolizumab could be discontinued safely in this population. This study should drive further efforts to optimize the treatment duration for pembrolizumab responders.
Surface Dopants‐Induced Interfacial Bonding Greatly Enhances Active Phase‐Support Interaction of Sintering‐Resistant Catalyst for Automotive CO Oxidation
Authors: Li Mingxuan , Huang Zhiwei , Wang Lipeng , Guo Sufeng , Fang Jinxu , Liu Yuchen , Chen Junmou , Wu Xiaomin , Shen Huazhen , Zhao Huawang , Jing Guohua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSupported nanoparticle catalysts are widely used to remove CO pollution in automobile emission control. During vehicle use, catalysts need to experience high‐temperature environments, leading to sintering of active phase and loss of activity. Synthesizing cost‐effective catalysts with simultaneously high catalytic activity and sintering resistance is of great importance but remains challenging. In this study, we show that Cu phase supported on commercial antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO) is relatively resistant to sintering and can operate at temperatures below 200 °C without any performance degradation after high temperature aging. Specifically, T50 (the temperature of 50 % conversion) of CO conversion over the Cu/ATO sample is maintained at 148 °C before and after high‐temperature aging treatment at 800 °C. The strong active phase‐support interactions could be used to stabilize Cu active phase by taking advantage of extra interfacial bonding stability between Cu islands and surface antimony dopants in ATO, and finally tune activity and stability of the catalysts. The Cu‐on‐ATO ensemble shows excellent resistance against sintering, with conversion efficiency remaining nearly unchanged upon high‐temperature aging at 800 °C for 2 to 10 h. In contrast, strong sintering resistance characteristic of catalysts cannot be attained by supporting Cu on undoped tin oxide (SnO2) or conventional Al2O3 due to absence of specific anchoring sites on the support oxide surfaces. Our findings open up the path in heterogeneous catalysis for the design of active and sintering‐resistant catalysts utilizing surface engineering strategies.
Ammonia Decomposition in the Process Chain for a Renewable Hydrogen Supply
Authors: Ristig Simon , Poschmann Michael , Folke Jan , Gómez‐Cápiro Oscar , Chen Zongkun , Sanchez‐Bastardo Nuria , Schlögl Robert , Heumann Saskia , Ruland Holger 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis review article deals with the challenge to identify catalyst materials from literature studies for the ammonia decomposition reaction with potential for application in large‐scale industrial processes. On the one hand, the requirements on the catalyst are quite demanding. Of central importance are the conditions for the primary reaction that have to be met by the catalyst. Likewise, the catalytic performance, i.e., an ideally quantitative conversion, and a high lifetime are critical as well as the consideration of requirements on the product properties in terms of pressure or by‐products for potential follow‐up processes, in this case synthesis gas applications. On the other hand, the evaluation of the multitude of literature studies poses difficulties due to significant varieties in catalytic testing protocols.
Spatial expression of the FGFR2b splice isoform and its prognostic significance in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Sengal Asmerom T , Smith Deborah , Snell Cameron E , Leung Samuel , Talhouk Aline , Williams Elizabeth D , McAlpine Jessica N , Pollock Pamela M 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEndometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a frequently dysregulated receptor tyrosine kinase. FGFR2b and FGFR2c are the two main splice isoforms of FGFR2 and are normally localized in epithelial and mesenchymal cells, respectively. Previously, we demonstrated that FGFR2c mRNA expression was associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, shorter progression‐free survival (PFS), and disease‐specific survival (DSS) in endometrioid ECs (EECs). The objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial expression of FGFR2b in normal and hyperplasia with and without atypia of human endometrium and to assess the prognostic significance of FGFR2b expression in EC. FGFR2b and FGFR2c mRNA expression was evaluated in normal (proliferative [n = 10], secretory [n = 15], and atrophic [n = 10] endometrium), hyperplasia with and without atypia (n = 19) as well as two patient cohorts of EC samples (discovery [n = 78] and Vancouver [n = 460]) using isoform‐specific BaseScope RNA in situ hybridization assays. Tumors were categorized based on FGFR2 isoform expression (one, both, or neither) and categories were correlated with clinicopathologic markers, molecular subtypes, and clinical outcomes. The FGFR2b splice isoform was exclusively expressed in the epithelial compartment of normal endometrium and hyperplasia without atypia. We observed FGFR2c expression at the basalis layer of glands in 33% (3/9) of hyperplasia with atypia. In patients with EEC, FGFR2b+/FGFR2c− expression was found in 48% of the discovery cohort and 35% of the validation Vancouver cohort. In univariate analyses, tumors with FGFR2b+/FGFR2c− expression had longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.265; 95% CI 0.145–0.423; log‐rank p < 0.019) and DSS (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.149–0.622; log‐rank p < 0.001) compared to tumors with FGFR2b−/FGFR2c+ expression in the large EEC Vancouver cohort. In multivariable Cox regression analyses, tumors with FGFR2b+/FGFR2c− expression were significantly associated with longer DSS (HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.153–0.872; log‐rank p < 0.023) compared to FGFR2b−/FGFR2c+ tumors. In conclusion, FGFR2b+/FGFR2c− expression is associated with favorable clinicopathologic markers and clinical outcomes suggesting that FGFR2b could play a role in tailoring the management of EEC patients in the clinic if these findings are confirmed in an independent cohort.
Capability of the Microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus for Biodegradation of Crude Oil Components: Biological Responses and Catabolic Intermediates
Authors: Ghodrati Minayeh , Zarrini Gholamreza , Kosari‐Nasab Morteza , Movafeghi Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe capability of Scenedesmus dimorphus for biodegradation of crude oil components is evaluated using biological and biochemical techniques. After exposure of the algal cells to different concentrations of crude oil for 21 day, growth parameters such as cell number as well as fresh and dry weights have increased at low concentrations of crude oil (up to 0.04%) in comparison with control samples. However, growth criteria have decreased in response to the increase in crude oil concentration (0.08%–1%). Similar trends are observed in the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenols. Crude oil treatment induces the production of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances. Moreover, enhancing crude oil concentration results in increasing activities of superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase. In comparison, the activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase increase at low concentrations (up to 0.02%) and then decrease. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis several biodegradation intermediate compounds are recognized in the culture media over treatment time. Altogether, S. dimorphus shows considerable potential for biodegradation of crude oil components particularly at concentrations lower than 0.08%. Thus, this microalga can be used as a competent phytoplankton in removal of crude oil from contaminated water supplies.
Breast cancer: Three‐class masses classification in mammograms using Apriori dynamic selection
Authors: Soulami Khaoula Belhaj , Kaabouch Naima , Saidi Mohamed Nabil 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMammography is a commonly used screening technique for early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, the early detection of abnormalities remains challenging, particularly for dense breast categories. In this context, the automated classification of breast masses assists radiologists in their diagnosis and give them a second opinion. In this paper, we propose a machine learning‐based method for the classification of breast masses. First, the shape and texture features are extracted from the suspicious mammogram patches. These features are then fed to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to keep the relevant features only and are classified using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). Lastly, the Apriori dynamic selection method is applied for the final test predictions using the appropriate classifier for each test sample. The classification of breast masses patches into normal and abnormal attains accuracy of 96.43%, F1‐score of 95.76%, precision of 96.29%, recall of 95.27%, specificity of 96.43%, and AUC of 0.963. Whereas the one‐stage multi‐classification of breast masses into normal, benign, and malignant achieves accuracy of 75.81%, F1‐score of 76.47%, precision of 76.85%, recall of 78.77%, specificity of 87.91%, and AUC of 0.829.
Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium verticillioides ear rot in maize inbred lines of southern, West and Central Africa origin
Authors: Tembo Elliot , Minnaar‐Ontong Adré , Menkir Abebe , Marais Gert , Magorokosho Cosmos , Labuschagne Maryke T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop in sub‐Sahara Africa for both human consumption and livestock feed. Maize use is often limited by ear‐rotting fungi, some of which produce deleterious secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance to Fusarium verticillioides as an indirect way of selecting for resistance to secondary metabolites such as the mycotoxin fumonisin that is produced by this fungus, under artificial inoculation and natural infection. Twelve inbred lines from Seed Co that were used as the females, were mated to 12 tester lines from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) that were used as males, using the North Carolina Design II. The resulting 144 F1 hybrids and six check hybrids were evaluated in Zimbabwe. Artificial inoculation with F. verticillioides was done at Rattray Arnold Research Station in the first season. The general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for F. verticillioides incidence were variable across sites for the lines and the testers. Six southern African inbred lines had desirable GCA for F. verticillioides ear rot and can be used as resistance sources. Outstanding testers from IITA that had negative GCA for F. verticillioides ear rot and fumonisins were identified. Both additive and nonadditive effects were implicated in resistance to ear rot caused by F. verticillioides and potential lines were identified that can be used in regional breeding programs.
Intravenous iron therapy improves the hypercapnic ventilatory response and sleep disordered breathing in chronic heart failure
Authors: Caravita Sergio , Faini Andrea , Vignati Carlo , Pelucchi Sara , Salvioni Elisabetta , Cattadori Gaia , Baratto Claudia , Torlasco Camilla , Contini Mauro , Villani Alessandra , Malfatto Gabriella , Perger Elisa , Lombardi Carolina , Piperno Alberto , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Parati Gianfranco 
Published: July 2022

AimsIntravenous iron therapy can improve symptoms in patients with heart failure, anaemia and iron deficiency. The mechanisms underlying such an improvement might involve chemoreflex sensing and nocturnal breathing patterns.Methods and resultsPatients with heart failure, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, anaemia (haemoglobin <13 g/dl in men; <12 g/dl in women) and iron deficiency (ferritin <100 or 100–299 μg/L with transferrin saturation <20%) were 2:1 randomized to patient‐tailored intravenous ferric carboxymaltose dose or placebo. Chemoreflex sensitivity cardiorespiratory sleep study, symptom assessment and cardiopulmonary exercise test were performed before and 2 weeks after the last treatment dose. Fifty‐eight patients (38 active arm/20 placebo arm) completed the study. Intravenous iron was associated with less severe symptoms, higher haemoglobin (12.5 ± 1.4 vs. 11.7 ± 1.0 mg/dl, p < 0.05) and improved haematinic parameters. Ferric carboxymaltose improved the central hypercapnic ventilatory response (−25.8%, p < 0.05 vs. placebo), without changes in peripheral chemosensitivity. In particular, the central hypercapnic ventilatory responses passed from 4.6 ± 6.5 to 2.9 ± 2.9 L/min/mmHg after ferric carboxymaltose and from 4.4 ± 4.6 to 4.6 ± 3.9 L/min/mmHg after placebo (ptreatment*condition = 0.046). In patients presenting with sleep‐related breathing disorder, apnoea–hypopnoea index was reduced with active treatment as compared to placebo (12 ± 11 vs. 19 ± 13 events/h, p < 0.05). After ferric carboxymaltose, but not after placebo, both peak oxygen uptake (VO2) increased (Δ1.1 ± 2.0 ml/kg/min, p < 0.05) and VO2/workload slope was steeper (Δ0.67 ± 1.7 L/min/W, p < 0.01).ConclusionsIntravenous ferric carboxymaltose improves the hypercapnic ventilatory response and sleep‐related breathing disorders in patients with heart failure, anaemia and iron deficiency. These newly described findings, along with improved oxygen delivery to exercising muscles, likely contribute to the favourable effects of ferric carboxymaltose in anaemic patients with heart failure.