bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between self‐assessment and performance in learning TPACK: Are self‐assessments a good way to support preservice teachers' learning?
Authors: Max Anna‐Lisa , Lukas Sarah , Weitzel Holger 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo purposefully integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) into contemporary teaching, teachers must have complex technological, pedagogical and content‐related knowledge (TPACK). TPACK could be fostered through diverse learning environments such as working in a makerspace as part of university teacher training. The development of TPACK in (preservice) teachers depends on how effectively they can assess their own knowledge and adapt their own learning process. Self‐assessment tools can be used to identify and assess their individual TPACK.ObjectivesThe study presents data on TPACK development through project work in a makerspace. It examines the consistency of self‐assessment and performance tests in relation to TPACK and discusses the applicability of self‐assessment scales to self‐regulated learning.MethodsTPACK self‐assessment takes place among preservice teacher students (N = 327) in a pre‐post design. This is complemented and contrasted with an external assessment in form of a self‐developed performance test (teaching vignettes).ResultsSelf‐assessment and performance test show a TPACK‐increase resulting in the project work in the makerspace, with higher performing students benefiting more from the intervention than lower performing students. All students tend to overestimate their TPACK before and after the intervention, with low‐performing students overestimating themselves more than high‐performing students. Existing TPACK scales can serve as readily available self‐assessment tools, but should be complemented by other knowledge assessment measures. Furthermore, depending on the results of the self‐assessment, different learning opportunities should be made available so that preservice teachers with a lower TPACK still benefit from the project work in the makerspace.Take AwaySelf‐assessments accompanying the work in the makerspace could provide feedback information about TPACK‐related knowledge, learning processes and learning outcomes and thus support students in structuring their work. For this purpose, it seems necessary to improve the quality of self‐assessment to enable reliable reflection on preservice teachers' own learning process.
Limited evidence of a genetic basis for sex determination in the common creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus
Authors: Meuser Amanda V. , Pyne Cassandre B. , Mandeville Elizabeth G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSexual reproduction is almost universal in vertebrates; therefore, each animal species which uses it must have a mechanism for designating sex as male or female. Fish, especially, have a wide range of sex determining systems. In the present study, we aimed to identify a genetic basis for sex determination in the common creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) using genotyping‐by‐sequencing data. No sex‐associated markers were found by RADSex or a GWAS using GEMMA; however, Weir and Cockerham locus‐specific FST analysis and discriminant analysis of principal components revealed genetic differentiation between the sexes at several loci. While no explicit sex determination mechanism has been yet discovered in creek chub, these loci are potential candidates for future studies. Incompatible systems are thought to increase reproductive isolation but interspecific hybridization is common among groups such as cyprinid minnows; thus, studies such as ours can provide insight into hybridization and evolutionary diversification of this clade. We also highlight technical challenges involved in studying sex determination in evolutionary groups with extremely variable mechanisms and without heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
Accessory heads of the biceps brachii muscle: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Benes Michal , Kachlik David , Lev David , Kunc Vojtech 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe anatomy of the biceps brachii muscle has been a subject of interest to many researchers. In particular, the presence of one or more accessory heads has been reported to be the most common variation of the biceps brachii muscle. In fact, contemporary knowledge is quite inconsistent and lacks a definitive summary. Taking this into account, the present study aims to investigate the overall prevalence of the accessory heads and related questions, such as their broad morphological features, population variance, sexual dimorphism, side distribution or the changes in prevalence rates over time. A literature search of major scientific databases was conducted and produced 78 eligible articles, including 10,603 upper limbs, for our study. Relevant data were extracted and consequently analysed with the use of random‐effects meta‐analysis. As a result, the accessory heads occur with an overall prevalence of 9.6% (95% CI 8–11%) and by far the most common is the presence of a single accessory head (8.4%; 95% CI 7–10%). Additional sub‐analyses revealed that accessory heads appear more frequently unilaterally and in males. Differences between the occurrence on the right or left side were not significant. Moreover, a decreasing trend in prevalence rates over time was observed, pointing towards an evolutionary adaptation. The innervation and blood supply of the accessory heads are nearly identical to that of the normal biceps brachii muscle. Although the accessory heads are usually asymptomatic, their potential presence must be kept in mind while interpreting various conditions. In addition, their direct clinical importance is speculated and is thought that they might be conductive to several pathological processes around the shoulder girdle and brachial region. While many of the morphological and morphometric aspects of the accessory heads are well documented, their functional value is still a matter for future investigations.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of expectantly managed pregnancies with previable preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Can Esra , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Ölmez Fatma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to describe the maternal and fetal outcomes associated with expectant management following previable preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 24 weeks of gestation. We also analyzed the risk estimates of potential confounders to clarify whether these variables are contributed to the risk of postnatal mortality among these neonates.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all pregnant patients who experienced previable PPROM before 24 weeks of gestation at a tertiary maternal‐fetal medicine center. We used the neonatal data from birth until discharge.ResultsA total of 128 women were enrolled. The survival to discharge rate was 60.9%. The median latency period (80 vs. 20 days, respectively, p < 0.001) was significantly longer, the median gestational week at delivery (34 vs. 25 weeks, respectively, p < 0.001) and median birth weight (2100 vs. 710 g, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the survivor group than the non‐survivor group. Surviving neonates had significantly lower frequencies of anhydramnios at any time during the latency period than the non‐survivor neonates (38.4% vs. 86.0%, respectively, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated an opposite correlation between the duration of latency period and gestational age at PPROM with earlier membrane rupture in pregnancies having a longer latency period, which additionally clarifies the higher gestational age at delivery. The antepartum factors that increased the possibility of postnatal mortality within our study included the gestational week at delivery, duration of the latency period, anhydramnios at any time during the latency period, and birth weight.
Factors affecting the recruitment of new obstetrician‐gynecologists in Japan: A report of the MIRAI Committee of the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Kai Kentaro , Koga Kaori , Yamamoto Makoto , Nakagawa Satoshi , Kojima Takashi , Togashi Kazue , Kurihara Yasushi , Sato Hiroki , Shozu Makio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThere is a chronic shortage of obstetrician‐gynecologists in Japan. To increase the number of obstetrician‐gynecologists, it is crucial to increase the number of residents being recruited. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that led students and interns to specialize in obstetrics and gynecology through a questionnaire survey.MethodsWe sent a questionnaire to the obstetrics and gynecology departments of all the medical schools in Japan (N = 81) and collected data about the institutional background, including the location, total number of obstetrician‐gynecologists employed, and number of newly joined obstetrics‐gynecology residents and resigned obstetrician‐gynecologists and the educational and recruitment activities for medical students and interns. The net balance (increased or decreased) over the fiscal years 2013–2015 was considered a surrogate marker for the number of newly joined obstetrics‐gynecology residents. We used binomial logistic regression analysis to determine the factors related to a positive net balance of obstetrician‐gynecologists.ResultsWe obtained responses from 59 (72.8%) medical schools. Medical students who observed deliveries were more likely to become obstetrician‐gynecologists than those who did not (95% confidence interval: 1.000–1.045, p = 0.052). Medical school location (rural or urban), providing medical students with preparatory lectures for national board examinations, and providing interns with experience as the first assistant during surgery were not associated with an increase in the number of newly joined obstetrician‐gynecologists.ConclusionsThe experience of observing deliveries may encourage medical students to become obstetrician‐gynecologists.
Warfarin is associated with higher rates of epistaxis compared to direct oral anticoagulants: A nationwide propensity score‐weighted study
Authors: Ingason Arnar B. , Rumba Edward , Hreinsson Johann P. , Agustsson Arnar S. , Lund Sigrun H. , Palsson Daniel A. , Reynisson Indridi E. , Gudmundsdottir Brynja R. , Onundarson Pall T. , Tryggvason Geir , Bjornsson Einar S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough epistaxis is one of the most common side effects of oral anticoagulation, it is unclear whether epistaxis rates vary between different oral anticoagulants (OAC).ObjectiveTo compare rates of clinically relevant epistaxis between OAC.MethodsEpistaxis event rates were compared between new users of apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin in a nationwide population‐based cohort study over a 5‐year study period, 2014–2019. Data was collected from the Icelandic Medicine Registry and the five major hospitals in Iceland. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to yield balanced baseline characteristics, and epistaxis rates were compared using Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and Cox regression.ResultsDuring the study period, 2098 patients received apixaban, 474 dabigatran, 3106 rivaroxaban, and 1403 warfarin. In total, 93 patients presented with clinically relevant epistaxis, including 11 (12%) major epistaxis events and one fatal epistaxis episode. Furthermore, seven patients (9%) with non‐major epistaxis later presented with major bleeding during the follow‐up period. Warfarin use was associated with higher rates of epistaxis compared to apixaban (2.2 events per 100‐person years (events/100‐py) vs. 0.6 events/100‐py, hazard ratio [HR] 4.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08–8.59, p < 0.001), rivaroxaban (2.2 events/100‐py vs. 1.0 events/100‐py, HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.28–4.01, p = 0.005), and dabigatran (2.2 events/100‐py vs. no events, HR n/a, p < 0.001).ConclusionWarfarin treatment was associated with higher rates of clinically relevant epistaxis compared to direct oral anticoagulants.
Injury Prevention Activities in US Schools, School Health Policies and Practices Survey 2014
Authors: Miller Gabrielle F. , Wilson Lauren , Rice Ketra , DePadilla Lara , Mercado‐Crespo Melissa , Jones Sherry E. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDExposure to injury and violence early in life increases the risk of experiencing injury and violence later in life. In 2019, the top 3 leading causes of death among 15‐ to 18‐year‐olds in the United States were unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide. This study examines the extent to which schools promote injury and violence prevention.METHODSThis study examined injury‐ and violence‐related school policies and practices using nationally representative data from the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study. The social ecological model served as the theoretical framework to identify level of impact.RESULTSFor many injury‐related topics, more than 75% of schools nationwide had relevant policies and practices to address those topics. However, this study showed differences in schools' injury‐related policies and practices by urbanicity.CONCLUSIONSUnderstanding and identifying gaps in school policies and practices is essential for reducing and preventing the injury and violence children experience. Collecting data on school policies and practices allows for better monitoring and evaluation to determine which are efficacious and aligned with the best available evidence.
Chromatically Altered Diminished‐Seventh Chords: Reframing Function through Dissonance Resolution in Late Nineteenth‐Century Tonality
Authors: HUTCHINSON KYLE 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article I develop of a model for understanding chromatic harmonies beyond mixture and tonicisation as extensions of common‐practice procedures by emphasising the symbiosis between the vertical presence of fundamental dissonances (the tritone and diminished seventh) and their linear behaviour in resolving to consonances under dominant conditions. I describe how sonorities such as the major‐minor and half‐diminished seventh both carry historically engrained default tonal expectations but also contain latent fundamental dissonances in the form of the major sixth/minor third and tritone intervals, which permits extended enharmonic reinterpretation as chromatic variants of vii chords. Because these alterations of vii sound like traditional tonal sonorities, I speculate that Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss manipulate conventional common‐practice chords to behave anachronistically with respect to the expectations associated with their sonority, exploiting a subtle tension between those phenomenological expectations and the resolutions that coalesce. By emphasising the mechanics of functional dissonance resolution as a parameter that anchors these chromatic progressions in common‐practice tonal idioms, this approach suggests that these progressions, previously considered tonally disjunct, can also be described in functional terms through appeals to their voice‐leading behaviour, which in turn allows greater nuance in assessing the historiography of tonality in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, especially as it pertains to the notion of modernism.
Ethiopia's civil wars: Postcolonial modernity and the violence of contested national belonging
Authors: Matshanda Namhla Thando 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the historical and structural foundations of the war between the northern Tigray region of Ethiopia and the federal government. It does so by employing Mamdani's theoretical framework of rethinking the politics of national belonging. The article considers one of the central propositions in Mamdani's broad vision of political decolonisation, that of reimagining the relationship between nation and state in the face of violent contestations over national belonging. The article argues that the recurring civil wars in Ethiopia indicate that the country's ongoing pursuit of a nation‐state is a futile exercise that will continue to produce cycles of political violence. Despite not being colonised, Ethiopia has not escaped the destructive consequences of colonial modernity that the rest of the postcolonial world continues to grapple with. The article thus locates Ethiopia's protracted and violent search for nationhood within the narrative of postcolonial modernity in Africa.
“Cover up your arms, you’re triggering people”: A Mixed‐Methods Investigation of Shame in those who Self‐Injure
Authors: Brown Alexandra C. , Latham Cameron , Danquah Adam N. , Dunlop Brendan J. , Taylor Peter J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundShame can be a powerfully aversive emotion that is associated with a wide variety of mental health difficulties including non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). This study used a novel mixed‐methods design (Qualitative Experiential Sequence Tracking; QUEST) to investigate the experiences of shame in a sample of individuals who self‐injure.MethodsSix participants received prompts to complete brief online diaries three times per day over a period of 2 weeks. These diaries captured information about the experience of negative emotions, especially shame. Participants then underwent an individualised qualitative interview about their experiences over the previous 2 weeks.ResultsThematic analysis suggested that participants experienced shame as a social and relational emotion. Further themes included shame being associated with feelings of failure, being trapped, dangerous or contaminated, and hidden or exposed. The phenomenology of shame, and coping with shame, were also themes. NSSI could occur as a response to shame, but often shame was triggered or exacerbated by the responses of others to NSSI.ConclusionsConsistent with previous research, shame was described as an aversive emotion occurring within interpersonal and broader societal contexts and involving a negative self‐focus. A lack of compassion or understanding in response to NSSI, or anticipation of negative responses from others often triggered more intense shame than the NSSI itself. Future studies could use QUEST methodology with more diverse samples or different populations to further investigate experiences of shame.
On the Relation Between Religiosity and the Endorsement of Conspiracy Theories: The Role of Political Orientation
Authors: Frenken Marius , Bilewicz Michał , Imhoff Roland 
Published: April 2022

Religious and conspiracy beliefs share the feature of assuming powerful forces that determine the fate of the world. Correspondingly, they have been theorized to address similar psychological needs and to be based on similar cognitions, but there exist little authoritative answers about their relationship. We delineate two theory‐driven possibilities. If conspiracy theories and religions serve as surrogates for each other by fulfilling similar needs, the two beliefs should be negatively correlated. If conspiracy and religious beliefs stem from the same values and cognitions, this would speak for a positive correlation that might be diminished—for example—by controlling for shared political ideologies. We approached the question with a meta‐analysis (N = 10,242), partial correlations from large Christian‐dominated datasets from Germany, Poland, and the United States (N = 12,612), and a preregistered U.S. study (N = 500). The results indicate that the correlations between religiosity and conspiracy theory endorsement were positive, and political orientation shared large parts of this covariance. Correlations of religiosity with the more need‐related conspiracy mentality differed between countries. We conclude that similarities in the explanatory style and ideologies seem to be central for the relation between intrinsic religiosity and endorsing conspiracy theories, but psychological needs only play a minor role.
Physical Separation, Social Distance, and Kinship Sentiments: An Exploration of Rural Parent–Teacher Relations in China
Authors: Xu Yanru , Raaper Rille 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch from various national contexts has shown that less privileged parents face various barriers when developing relationships with teachers compared to their more privileged counterparts. Chinese rural citizens have been disadvantaged within the hukou system, where existing studies have shown various and complex inequalities as regards rural parent–teacher relations. Such complexities, this article argues, might contribute to the ongoing discussions on the integration of Bourdieu's and Coleman's approaches to social capital. Informed by Bourdieu's three moments of field analysis, this study presents three core themes as regards Chinese rural parent–teacher relations: physical separation, social distance, and kinship sentiments. Through qualitatively exploring the life stories of a group of Chinese rural students before their entry to elite universities, this article bridges Bourdieu's social reproduction stance and Coleman's productive view in relation to social capital.
The influence of age and experience of (un)fairness on third‐party punishment in children
Authors: Lee Young‐eun , Warneken Felix 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThird‐party punishment is an important mechanism to enforce norm‐following. However, the underlying process that explains the development of third‐party punishment is understood poorly. Here we examine to what extent age‐effects and contemporaneous experiences of receiving unfair offers influence third‐party punishment. In two studies, a total of N = 280 5‐ to 9‐year‐olds participated in a computer‐based task in which they received either fair or unfair offers from another peer. In the subsequent test phase, children could punish unfair offers as an unaffected third‐party. We found that with age, children become increasingly systematic in their decisions to punish unfair allocations. However, there was no strong evidence that an immediate experience of (un)fairness influenced children's punishment. Together, our results suggest that children develop a sophisticated application of fairness norms with age that is not easily swayed by their immediate experience of being treated unfairly.
Devices measuring transepidermal water loss: A systematic review of measurement properties
Authors: Klotz Tanja , Ibrahim Abdullah , Maddern Guy , Caplash Yugesh , Wagstaff Marcus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this review is to examine the reliability and measurement error of devices that measure transepidermal water loss (TEWL).IntroductionTEWL is a physiological property of skin which increases when the epidermis is damaged. It is, therefore, a commonly utilised measure of skin barrier integrity. Devices measuring TEWL are available as open, semi‐open or closed chamber. Studies of reliability examine the consistency of measurement, and/or responsiveness whereas measurement error scores in absolute terms the amount of error due to sources of variation.Inclusion criteriaStudies examining the reliability and/or measurement error of TEWL measurement devices were included. Studies that only report on measurement of TEWL outcomes without examination of reliability and/or measurement error were excluded.MethodsThe search strategy aimed to locate published and unpublished studies. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science, utilising identified keywords and limited to studies in English. Grey literature sources were searched to identify any unpublished documents. Study selection using the inclusion criteria was then assessed by two reviewers for methodological quality utilising the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) risk of bias tool to assess the reliability and measurement error of outcome measurement instruments.ResultsA total of 22 devices were examined in the 38 included studies. The quality of study design was on average rated as ‘Adequate’ however reliability and measurement error statistical methods were on average rated as ‘Doubtful’.Discussion and conclusionTEWL measurement devices were found to demonstrate good reliability and frequently correlated with other devices. However, measurement error was highly variable but improves under in vitro conditions. Future research should consider risk of bias factors when designing studies.