bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in cause-specific mortality trends across occupations in working-age Japanese women from 1980 to 2015: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Dhungel Bibha , Takagi Kuniyasu , Acharya Shijan , Wada Koji , Gilmour Stuart 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Reducing health inequalities is an important public health challenge. Many studies have examined the widening health gap by occupational class among men, but few among women. We therefore estimated variation in absolute and relative mortality by occupational category across four leading causes of mortality—cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and suicide—to explore how occupational class is associated with health among working women aged 25–64 in Japan.

Methods
We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using Poisson regression analysis on each five-yearly mortality data from 1980 to 2015, obtained from the National Vital Statistics and the Japanese Population Census.

Results
There was a decreasing trend in mortality from all cancers, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and suicide among women in all occupational groups from 1980 to 2015. Agriculture workers had higher risk of mortality than professional workers for all four causes of death. The absolute difference in mortality rates for all cancers and cerebrovascular disease was higher in 2000–2015 than 1980–1995. The mortality trend among clerks and sales workers decreased after 2000, except for suicide.

Conclusions
Mortality rates from all four causes are higher among agriculture workers compared to professional workers, and attention is needed to reduce this mortality gap. Continuous monitoring of ongoing mortality trends is essential to ensure better health and wellbeing in Japan.
SIMBA: using Kolb’s learning theory in simulation-based learning to improve participants’ confidence
Authors: Davitadze Meri , Ooi Emma , Ng Cai Ying , Zhou Dengyi , Thomas Lucretia , Hanania Thia , Blaggan Parisha , Evans Nia , Chen Wentin , Melson Eka , Arlt Wiebke , Kempegowda Punith 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Simulation via Instant Messaging- Birmingham Advance (SIMBA) delivers simulation-based learning (SBL) through WhatsApp® and Zoom® based on Kolb’s experiential learning theory. This study describes how Kolb’s theory was implemented in practice during SIMBA adrenal session.

Methods
SIMBA adrenal session was conducted for healthcare professionals and replicated Kolb’s 4-stage cycle: (a) concrete experience—online simulation of real-life clinical scenarios, (b) reflective observation—discussion and Q&A following simulation, (c) abstract conceptualisation—post-session MCQs, and (d) active experimentation—intentions to implement the acquired knowledge in future practice. Participants’ self-reported confidence levels for simulated and non-simulated cases pre- and post-SIMBA were analysed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Key takeaway and feedback were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively in a thematic analysis.

Results
Thirty-three participants were included in the analysis. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the SIMBA session elicited a statistically significant change in participants’ self-reported confidence in their approach to Cushing’s syndrome (Z = 3.873, p = 0.0001) and adrenocortical carcinoma (Z = 3.970, p < 0.0001). 93.9% (n = 31/33) and 84.8% (n = 28/33) strongly agreed/agreed the topics were applicable to their clinical practice and accommodated their personal learning style, respectively. 81.8% (n = 27/33) reported increase in knowledge on patient management, and 75.8% (n = 25/33) anticipated implementing learning points in their practice.

Conclusions
SIMBA effectively adopts Kolb’s theory to provide best possible experience to learners, highlighting the advantages of utilising social media platforms for SBL in medical education. The ability to conduct SIMBA sessions at modest cost internationally paves way to engage more healthcare professionals worldwide.
Determinant factors in adopting mobile health application in healthcare by nurses
Authors: Nezamdoust Soghra , Abdekhoda Mohammadhiwa , Rahmani Azad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Mobile applications are among effective learning tools and have a significant role in transferring information and knowledge to nurses. The current study was carried to identify the factors affecting nurses’ use of practical health related mobile applications in education and patient interaction based on the combined Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI).

Method
The study is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional method. The research population includes nurses working at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences hospitals, 150 of which were selected as the research sample using simple and available sampling. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed (α = 0.9). Data analysis was carried out using a correlation test and regression analysis by applying SPSS v16 software.

Results
The findings show that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a direct and significant effect on the rate of using mobile applications by nurses (P value ≤ 0.01), [(β = 0.52), (β = 0.40)]. Other findings indicate that relative advantage, compatibility, trialability and observability, have a direct and significant effect on nurses’ use of mobile applications, while complicatedness does not have a significant effect.

Conclusion
The current study identifies the effective factors in nurses’ use of health-related mobile applications based on an integrated model of TAM and DOI. Designers of mobile applications should consider these factors in designing and developing programs so that mobile applications can successfully fulfill their purpose in healthcare.
Development and initial validation of MedHipPro-Q: a questionnaire assessing medication management of hip fracture patients in different care settings
Authors: Henriksen Ben Tore , Andersson Yvonne , Davies Maren Nordsveen , Mathiesen Liv , Krogseth Maria , Andersen Randi Dovland 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
A validated questionnaire to assess medication management of hip fracture patients within and outside the hospital setting was lacking. The study aims were to describe the hip fracture patient pathway, and develop a valid and feasible questionnaire to assess clinicians’ experience with medication management of hip fracture patients in different care settings throughout the patient pathway.

Methods
This qualitative, descriptive methodological study used strategic and snowball sampling. The questionnaire was developed, and face and content validity explored through interviews with stakeholders. Phase I described the hip fracture patient pathway, and identified questionnaire dimensions in semi-structured interviews with management and clinicians (n = 37). The patient pathway was also discussed in six meetings (n = 70). Phase II refined a first draft of the questionnaire through cognitive interviews with future respondents (n = 23). The draft was modified after each interview. Post hoc, cognitive interview data were analysed using matrix analysis to condense problems and solutions into themes and subthemes. Phase III, converted the final version to a digital format, and tested its feasibility with a subset of the cognitive interview participants (n = 21) who completed the questionnaire and provided feedback.

Results
Phase I: Hip fracture patients were cared for in at least three different care settings, and went through at least four handovers between and within primary and secondary care. Three questionnaire dimensions were identified: 1) Medication reconciliation and review, 2) Communication of key information, and 3) Profession and setting. Phase II: The MedHipPro-Q was representative of how the different professions experienced medication management in all settings, and hence showed face and content validity. Post hoc analysis: Problem themes (with sub-themes) were Representativeness (-of patient pathway and -of respondent reality) and Presentation (Language and Appearance). Solution themes (with sub-themes) were: Content (added or deleted) and Presentation (modified appearance or corrected language). Phase III: Participants did not identify technical, linguistic or content flaws in the questionnaire, and the digital version was considered feasible for use.

Conclusion
The novel MedHipPro-Q showed good face and content validity, and was feasible for use throughout the hip fracture patient pathway. The rigorous development process supports its construct validity and reliability.
Safety and efficacy of a probiotic-containing infant formula supplemented with 2’-fucosyllactose: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alliet Philippe , Vandenplas Yvan , Roggero Paola , Jespers Sabine N. J. , Peeters Stefaan , Stalens Jean-Philippe , Kortman Guus A. M. , Amico Mailis , Berger Bernard , Sprenger Norbert , Cercamondi Colin I. , Corsello Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have important and diverse biological functions in early life. This study tested the safety and efficacy of a starter infant formula containingLimosilactobacillus (L.) reuteriDSM 17938 and supplemented with 2’-fucosyllactose (2’FL).MethodsHealthy infants < 14 days old (n = 289) were randomly assigned to a bovine milk-based formula containingL. reuteriDSM 17938 at 1 × 107 CFU/g (control group; CG) or the same formula with added 1.0 g/L 2’FL (experimental group; EG) until 6 months of age. A non-randomized breastfed group served as reference (BF;n = 60). The primary endpoint was weight gain through 4 months of age in the formula-fed infants. Secondary endpoints included additional anthropometric measures, gastrointestinal tolerance, stooling characteristics, adverse events (AEs), fecal microbiota and metabolism, and gut immunity and health biomarkers in all feeding groups.ResultsWeight gain in EG was non-inferior to CG as shown by a mean difference [95% CI] of 0.26 [-1.26, 1.79] g/day with the lower bound of the 95% CI above the non-inferiority margin (-3 g/day). Anthropometric Z-scores, parent-reported stooling characteristics, gastrointestinal symptoms and associated behaviors, and AEs were comparable between formula groups. Redundancy analysis indicated that the microbiota composition in EG was different from CG at age 2 (p = 0.050) and 3 months (p = 0.052), approaching BF. Similarly, between sample phylogenetic distance (weighted UniFrac) for BF vs EG was smaller than for BF vs CG at 3-month age (p = 0.045). At age 1 month,Clostridioides difficilecounts were significantly lower in EG than CG.Bifidobacteriumrelative abundance in EG tracked towards that in BF. Fecal biomarkers and metabolic profile were comparable between CG and EG.ConclusionL. reuteri-containing infant formula with 2’FL supports age-appropriate growth, is well-tolerated and may play a role in shifting the gut microbial pattern towards that of breastfed infants.Trial RegistrationThe trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03090360) on 24/03/2017.
Correlation of clinical sepsis definitions with microbiological characteristics in patients admitted through a sepsis alert system; a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yu David , Unger David , Unge Christian , Parke Åsa , Sundén-Cullberg Jonas , Strålin Kristoffer , Özenci Volkan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Sepsis was recently redefined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. With this redefinition (Sepsis-3), clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with sepsis may differ from the patients fulfilling the previous definition (Sepsis-2).

Purpose
To describe differences in clinical and microbiological characteristics of sepsis episodes between Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2. The secondary aim was to compare blood culture outcomes between episodes fulfilling Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2 criteria, respectively.

Methods
A prospective study design was used to include patients presenting with clinically suspected sepsis in the emergency department. Six blood culture bottles were collected from each patient. Blood cultures were described as having clinically relevant growth, contaminant growth, or no growth. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records and the laboratory information system.

Results
The analysis included 514 episodes. There were 357/514 (79.5%) Sepsis-3 and 411/514 (80.0%) Sepsis-2 episodes. In total, 341/514 (66.3%) episodes fulfilled both Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2 criteria. Blood cultures were positive for clinically relevant growth in 130/357 (36.1%) and 145/411 (35.3%) episodes in Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2, respectively. Other clinical and microbiological characteristics did not differ between Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2.

Conclusions
A high proportion of patients included through a sepsis alert system fulfilled both Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2 criteria. The performance of blood cultures in detection of microorganisms was poor and were similar in Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2 patients.
Nanozymes-recent development and biomedical applications
Authors: Ren Xiangyi , Chen Dongxu , Wang Yan , Li Huifang , Zhang Yabing , Chen Hongying , Li Xi , Huo Minfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanozyme is a series of nanomaterials with enzyme-mimetic activities that can proceed with the catalytic reactions of natural enzymes. In the field of biomedicine, nanozymes are capturing tremendous attention due to their high stability and low cost. Enzyme-mimetic activities of nanozymes can be regulated by multiple factors, such as the chemical state of metal ion, pH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and glutathione (GSH) level, presenting great promise for biomedical applications. Over the past decade, multi-functional nanozymes have been developed for various biomedical applications. To promote the understandings of nanozymes and the development of novel and multifunctional nanozymes, we herein provide a comprehensive review of the nanozymes and their applications in the biomedical field. Nanozymes with versatile enzyme-like properties are briefly overviewed, and their mechanism and application are discussed to provide understandings for future research. Finally, underlying challenges and prospects of nanozymes in the biomedical frontier are discussed in this review.
Graphical Abstract
Effects of medical insurance system on the hospitalization cost of acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Chu Ying-Hong , Jiang Gui-Hua , Zhang Hong , Luan Xiao-Rong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute myocardial infarction is still a burden on Chinese patients. Whether different medical insurance system have any influence on the hospitalization cost and therapeutic effect of acute myocardial infarction patient needs further investigation.

Method
In this study, 600 patients were stratified by health insurance status to investigate the cost effectiveness.

Result
Compared with free medical care, patients with other health insurance status have a significantly lower age (P ˂ 0.05–0.001), the youngest of which is new rural cooperative medical system. The hospital expense, nursing fee, length of stay, daily hospitalization cost, daily drug cost, daily nursing cost and percent of nursing cost of different health insurance status were statistically significant. ANCOVA analyses controlling for age showed that the differences of hospital expenses, nursing fee, length of stay and daily hospitalization cost were still statistically significant. Further studies found that health insurance status was the leading factors influencing length of stay (β = − 0.305, P = 0.0000001), nursing costs (β = − 0.319, P = 0.004), daily hospitalization costs (β = 0.296, P = 0.0001) and occurrence of clinical events (β = − 0.186, OR = 0.830, 95% CI 0.694–0.993, P = 0.041).

Conclusions
The hospitalization cost, length of stay, nursing work and therapeutic effect of acute myocardial infarction patients are affected by different health insurance status and age.
Trends and patterns of disparities in diabetes and chronic kidney disease mortality among US counties, 1980–2014
Authors: Mokdad Ali H. , Dwyer-Lindgren Laura , Bertozzi-Villa Amelia , Stubbs Rebecca W. , Morozoff Chloe , Shirude Shreya , Finegold Sam B. , Callender Charlton , Naghavi Mohsen , Murray Christopher J. L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Diabetes and chronic kidney diseases are associated with a large health burden in the USA and globally.

Objective
To estimate age-standardized mortality rates by county from diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.

Design and setting
Validated small area estimation models were applied to de-identified death records from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and population counts from the census bureau, NCHS, and the Human Mortality Database to estimate county-level mortality rates from 1980 to 2014 from diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Exposures
County of residence.

Main outcomes and measures
Age-standardized mortality rates by county, year, sex, and cause.

Results
Between 1980 and 2014, 2,067,805 deaths due to diabetes were recorded in the USA. The mortality rate due to diabetes increased by 33.6% (95% UI: 26.5%–41.3%) between 1980 and 2000 and then declined by 26.4% (95% UI: 22.8%–30.0%) between 2000 and 2014. Counties with very high mortality rates were found along the southern half of the Mississippi river and in parts of South and North Dakota, while very low rates were observed in central Colorado, and select counties in the Midwest, California, and southern Florida. A total of 1,659,045 deaths due to CKD were recorded between 1980 and 2014 (477,332 due to diabetes mellitus, 1,056,150 due to hypertension, 122,795 due to glomerulonephritis, and 2,768 due to other causes). CKD mortality varied among counties with very low mortality rates observed in central Colorado as well as some counties in southern Florida, California, and Great Plains states. High mortality rates from CKD were observed in counties throughout much of the Deep South, and a cluster of counties with particularly high rates was observed around the Mississippi river.

Conclusions and relevance
This study found large inequalities in diabetes and CKD mortality among US counties. The findings provide insights into the root causes of this variation and call for improvements in risk factors, access to medical care, and quality of medical care.
Influences on the dietary intakes of preschool children: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Jarman M. , Edwards K. , Blissett J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Better diet quality of preschool children is associated with many important health outcomes, but there is significant room for improvement in many children’s dietary intakes. The determinants of children’s dietary intakes are complex and whole systems approaches may be effective tools for changing dietary intake. Collation of all the evidence available on determinants of preschool children’s dietary intake is necessary to ‘map’ the whole system of influence. Therefore, this systematic scoping review of available literature on determinants of dietary intakes in preschool children was undertaken.

Methods
The Joanna Briggs Institute methods for conducting a systematic scoping review were followed. Articles published since 2000 which assessed influences on the dietary intakes of preschool children were identified, yielding a total of 246 papers. Studies of children with clinical conditions (excluding obesity), or those conducted in middle and low-income countries were excluded, due to the different systems of influence in these populations. Data were extracted and information synthesised based on ecological level (child, parent, household, childcare, or wider determinants).

Results
Most articles focused on influences at the parental level (n = 118, 48%), followed by those at the child level (n = 73, 30%). Most of the studies were of cross-sectional design (n = 109, 44%). Whilst many studies considered influences at multiple ecological levels (n = 63, 26%) few analyses determined interactions between factors in their relationship with children’s dietary intakes, which is needed going forward using systems methods.

Conclusion
A wealth of evidence exists examining influences on the dietary intakes of preschool children and this information would benefit from analysis using a systems thinking approach in order to assess effective levers for intervention and what works, for whom, under what circumstances.
Immune cell profiles of patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Moldwin Robert M. , Nursey Vishaan , Yaskiv Oksana , Dalvi Siddhartha , Macdonald Eric J. , Funaro Michael , Zhang Chengliang , DeGouveia William , Ruzimovsky Marina , Rilo Horacio R. , Miller Edmund J. , Najjar Souhel , Tabansky Inna , Stern Joel N. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a disorder characterized by bladder pain upon filling which severely affects quality of life. Clinical presentation can vary. Local inflammatory events typify the clinical presentation of IC/BPS patients with Hunner lesions (IC/BPS-HL). It has previously been proposed that B cells are more prevalent in HL, but understanding their exact role in this environment requires a more complete immunological profile of HL. We characterized immunological dysfunction specifically in HL using immunohistochemistry. We detected significantly more plasma cells (50× increase, p < 0.0001), B cells (28× increase, p < 0.0001), T cells (3× increase, p < 0.0001), monocytes/macrophages (6× increase, p < 0.0001), granulocytes (4× increase, p < 0.0001), and natural killer cells (2× increase, p = 0.0249) in IC/BPS patients with HL than in unaffected controls (UC). Patients with IC/BPS-HL also had significantly elevated urinary levels of IL-6 (p = 0.0054), TNF-α (p = 0.0064) and IL-13 (p = 0.0304) compared to patients with IC/BPS without HL (IC/BPS-NHL). In contrast, IL-12p70 levels were significantly lower in the patients with HL than in those without these lesions (p = 0.0422). Different cytokines were elevated in the urine of IC/BPS patients with and without HL, indicating that different disease processes are active in IC/BPS patients with and without HL. Elevated levels of CD138+, CD20+, and CD3+ cells in HL are consistent B and T-cell involvement in disease processes within HL.