bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of SEN virus (SEN-V) and Torque Teno virus (TTV) Co-Infection and Liver Enzyme in a Sample of Hepatitis Patients.
Authors: Ealaf Abbas khudair  , Arwa Mujahid Al-Shuwaikh  
Published: April 2022

is increase evidences suggested the existence of new hepatitis viruses that play a role in this disease. This study aimed to determine the synergistic effect of concordant infection with SEN virus
and Torque Teno virus in patients with hepatitis and apparently healthy blood donors as control. Sera were collected from 50 patients who had hepatitis type B or C as a case group and from 50 apparently healthy blood donors as control. All samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of SEN-V DNA, while TTV antigen were tested by immunoassay. In addition, ALT and AST enzymes have been tested using biochemical test. TTV and SEN-V co-infections had been detected in hepatitis patient and apparently healthy blood donors with exposure rate (26%) and (4.65%), respectively. Current study indicated that there were no significant differences between the mean level of ALT or AST enzymes and the SENV/TTV co-infection. Also, there was no significant associated between SENV/TTV co-infection and risk factors under study.
Types of Attractive Dosage Forms for Primary School Students and Associated Factors in Baghdad/ Iraq
Authors: Sura Zuhair Mahmood  , Nora Zawar Yousif  , Zeina Dawood Salman  
Published: April 2022

The lack of age-appropriate and child -friendly formulation of medication for children poses a major challenge to pediatric therapeutic practice, adherence, and health care delivery worldwide, however, formulation acceptability and preferences facilitate medication

adherence in children, and they are important factors in achieving the intended treatment outcomes in which this study looks ahead. The present study aims to determine the various medication trends of children through their parents and caregivers, child preference of certain dosage form (chewable gel) in comparison with another solid dosage forms and its popularity among Iraqi primary school, furthermore the study highlights different variables influence student preference for chewable gel. A total of 230 Iraqi primary school students were randomly selected and interviewed with the presence of their parents. It was observed that (51.3%) of the parents/caregivers reported that the liquid dosage form is the most dosage form that commonly used, (72%) of consumers revealed that the capsules and tablets are not easy to swallow, furthermore, this study revealed that (68.6%) of school students preferred to take medication as chewable gel over than other oral solid dosage forms ,and this preference varied significantly with several socioeconomic and other factors.
Formulation and evaluation of Acyclovir compressed lozenges
Authors: Dalya Badry Khudhair  , Wedad K. Ali  
Published: April 2022

Lozenges are formulations of solid dosage form which tend to liquefy in mouth or pharynx. They could be consisting of one or more drugs in a flavored and sweetened base. They are recommended to treat local mouth or pharynx irritation or infection, or they may be used also for systemic combi-

nation of two drugs (Acyclovir and Lidocaine) by pressed coated tablet lozenges. Thus, the lozenges will have both antiviral and local anesthetic effects suitable for the treatment of virus that infects oral cavity.
In this study, nine formulations of acyclovir compressed tablet lozenges were prepared to investigate the effects of type and concentration of binders (gelatin, acacia, and tragacanth) on physical appearance, weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, dissolving , drug content and in vitro released of drug. Compressed tablet lozenges formula F4 contening (Acacia 10%) as binder was successfully prepared and has been selected as optimum formula since it released 98% of drug after 45 min, as compared to other formulas.
Multiple Sclerosis is a Risk Factor for Hyperthyroidism and Interferon Beta Action on Thyroid Hormones via Novel Immuno-neuro-enzymological Mechanisms
Authors: Rasha Zuhair Jasim  
Published: April 2022

Objective : Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease deeply linked with the immune-inflammatory disorders whereas the term (multiple) mostly refers to the multi-focal zones of

Inflammation caused by lymphocytes and macrophages infiltration besides oligodendrocytes death. Accordingly , the dysfunctional immune system able to damage myelin ( a pivotal component of the central nervous system ) which responsible for communication among neurons. The aim of the present study is to innovate a biochemical relationship between MS and thyroid hormones (THs) by highlighting immunological responses and also to examine the action of Interferon beta (IFNβ) drug on thyroid hormone (THs) and thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH). Materials and methods: Sixty (60) Iraqi women in the age ranged (36-43) years were enrolled in the present study, (30) of them were MS patients and the other (30) were healthy. Anyway, the protocol of the study involved four groups: G1 is a healthy control group, G2 involved untreated MS patients, G3 included the MS patients treated with IFNβ for (6) weeks and G4 composed of the same patients treated with IFNβ for (12) weeks. THs (T4 and T3) and TSH levels were determined in sera of all groups. Results: Data of the present study have reported that T4 level was highly significant increase in sera of G2 compared with G1 while it was significant and highly significant decreased in G3 and G4 respectively compared with G2, the difference between G4 and G1 and also between G4 and G3 was significant. T3 level was highly significant increase in sera of G2 compared with G1 but it was highly significant decreased in G3 and G4 compared with G2, the difference between G4 and G1 was non-significant while the difference between G4 and G3 was significant. Conversely, TSH level was highly significant decreased in G2 compared with G1 but it was highly significant increase in G3 and G4 compared with G2, the difference between G4 and G1 and also between G4 and G3 was highly significant. Conclusions : Interestingly , the present study is the first in Iraq reporting that MS may be a key risk factor for hyperthyroidism and also the first suggesting that IFNβ regulates THs biosynthesis via novel immuno-neuro-enzymological mechanisms regarding thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (D1), meanwhile the present study indicates that IFNβ has an indirect antioxidant activity. Moreover, the present study provides a definite clarification for the changed NF kappa B level in MS. Remarkably, the present study reveals that IFNβ is more potent on T3 than T4 while it has less action on TSH.
Organogel investigations as a floating oral system with depot property
Authors: Zainab Saad Kaddoori  , Masar Basim Mohsin Mohamed  , Nawfal Am. Numan  
Published: April 2022

In this work we investigate span 40, span 60 and SA as a gelators and olive oil (OO) as apolar liquid phase to discover the ability of organogel formed to be floating in acidic media and gain a unique gastroretentive dosage form. In addition, take advantage of the chemical

and physical properties of cinnarizine (CN) as a model drug suitable for gastroretentive systems. The floating parameters were studied where the floating lag time and floating duration for organogel in both solid and liquid states. Organogels charecterization were accomplished through the folowing investigatational techniques and analytical methods: table top rheology, optical microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in- vitro release study. The results showed that all organogels immediately floated and they were floating in both states. Moreover, table top rheology showed that the transition temperature was reversible and higher than 37 ºC except for 7% w/w and 10% w/w SA in OO organogels where, optical images of organogel showed fibrillar network. The FTIR showed peaks associated to carbonyl groups indicated to form gelator-gelator interactions. Moreover, in vitro release study of organogel system showed continuous release CN for 9-12 hours.
Qualitative, Quantitative and Cytotoxic estimation of Phytochemicals in aerial parts of Iraqi Bauhinia variegata
Authors: Mais Baqer Mohammed  , Monther Faisal Mahdi  , Ibrahim S. Abbas  
Published: April 2022

Bauhinia variegata L., is a flowering evergreen small medicinal tree characteristic with an aesthetic appearance and the shape of their flowers which resemble the orchid plant. It is a member of Leguminosae family. Commonly called" Khuf Al-Jamal" as in

Arabic and "Camel's feet" as in English. Quantitative estimation of phenolic compounds using UV spectroscopy. Also, HPLC analysis of lupeol and β-sitosterol content of aerial parts B.variegata.
Moreover, the anticancer activity of stem and leaves hexane extract against AMJ-13 cell was performed, which considered one of the first studies around the world of this plant extracts activity against AMJ-13 cell.
Kinetic Studies and electrophoretic separation of Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme from Cancerous patients
Authors: Abdulhussien Al-jebory M. 
Published: April 2022

The activity of sALP was determined by the calorimetric method King_Armistrong in serum of 303 cancerous patients and 42 normal healthy controls. The results show that the ALP activity was increased in all types of cancer tissues, however ALP activity show a significant increase only in bone, liver and pancreas tissues. The increase of ALP activity could be used as tumor marker for bone, liver and pancreas tissues.The increase in sALP activity could be used as tumor marker for bon and liver cancer and to detect metastasis to the organ. No significant differences of sALP activity were found between males and females. The activity was increase with the stage of development of the disease.The kinetic studies for normal healthy human were measured at a substrate concentration 10 mM, Km 2.7 mM, temperature 370c and pH 10. The melectrophoretic studies show that one band of ALP in serum of normal subjects, as compared to cancerous patients where several bands were detected in cancer patients; the intensity of band color varied with type; age and stage of disease
A comparison between Captopril, Valsartan, Carvedilol and Conventional therapy in the treatment of heart failure
Authors: Maiada Al-Mousilly M. 
Published: April 2022

A comparison was done between captopril, valsartan, carvedilol & the conventional therapy in patients with heart failure. The difference was reflected on the survival rate and hospital admissions. Eighty patients were enrolled in this study, all were diagnosed as having heart failure (Class I – IV).They were grouped into four groups each consisted of 20 patients.
group I were given captopril 25mg twice daily,group II were given valsartan 80mg once daily,group III had carvedilol 12.5mg twice daily, and group IV were given the conventional therapy (digoxin, diuretics, nitrates …. etc.).Blood pressure and heart rate were checked at baseline (before treatment) & after one and two months after initiation therapy. Data were compared to those of 15 healthy & subjects included in the study as well.Results revealed that a significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood pressure was noticed for the four groups. The heart rate was increased significantly (p<0.05) in the captopril & valsartan groups after two months while decreased significantly following carvedilol & conventional treatment.As a whole, a high percentage of improvement in the functional class of NYHA was found in the valsartan (80%) & the carvedilol (70%) groups, as no health deterioration was noticed in any of these two groups & no one died.
While the improvement percentage was to a lesser extent among patients on captopril the conventional therapy (10% and 20% respectively) with reported deaths.The number of hospitalization during the follow up period was reduced significantly (p<0.001) in the valsartan and carvedilol groups and to a lesser extent in the captopril group while there was no significant reduction in hospital admissions of patients on the conventional therapy.According to this, carvedilol or valsartan improved cardiac function, quality of life, reduced mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure leading to a better short & long term prognosis.
Prevalence of epstein barr virus in malignant lymphomas in Iraq
Authors: Walid Ridha K. , Lyla Al-Omer S. , Nidhal Abdel-Muhymen , Raji Al-Hadithi H. 
Published: April 2022

Malignant lymphomas are among the common tumors that are associated with and may complicate Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection. Although the strongest association is with the endemic Burkitt lymphomas (BL), the trend of association with sporadic lymhpomas reveals a consistently increasing prevalence of the virus in Hodgkin’s disease (HD) in recent years compared to the non-Hodgkin type (NHL) which may point to a possible role for the virus in the predisposition and etio-pathogenesis of the disease.evaluate the association of EBV with Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in relation to age, sex and HD subtype retrospectively using archival tissue biopsy sections.Method: EBV was detected by In Situ Hybridization (ISH) using EBERs RNA probes in paraffinembedded tissue sections prepared from archival tissue biopsy blocks.
(a) EBV was detected in 25 of 40 HD cases (62.5%), 9 of 30 (30%) NHL cases, 4 of 10 (40%) BL cases, and in 5 of 20 (25%) other (non-BL) NHL cases. (b) Among the EBV-positive HD cases, 19 (76%) were of the mixed cellularity (MC) subtype, 1 (4%) of the Nodular Sclerosis (NS) subtype, 1 (4%) of the Lymphocyte Predominance (LP) subtype and 4 (16%) cases were of the Lymphocyte Depletion (LD) subtype. (c) Age distribution of HD cases revealed a bi-modal pattern characterized by an early major peak (67.5% of cases) below 35 years and a minor peak (32.5% of cases) above the age of 40. On the contrary, NHL cases revealed a nearly even age distribution (43.3% versus 56.6%) below and above the age of 40, respectively. (d) No difference was observed in the incidence of HD between males and females where the ratio was close to 1:1. On the other hand, a slight male predominance was seen among NHL cases with a male to female ratio of 2:1.(a) the prevalence rate of EBV infection was high among HD cases and fell within the prevalence rates found in previous similar studies revealing a range of values from 20 to 90%. (b) the higher prevalence of EBV positivity in HD compared to NHL found in this study points to a more substantial role for the virus in the pathogenesis of former compared to the latter disease which also comes in agreement with the greater environmental element compared to the genetic element in the etiology of HD. (c) The unexpected high EBV positivity in the LD subtype of HD may be interpreted as result of the progression of some of the early less aggressive MC-HD cases to the advanced more aggressive LDHD subtype. (d) the bi-modal age distribution of EBV-positive HD cases follows the same pattern of distribution of the disease in general and testifies for the influence of environmental factors in the incidence of the disease.
Development and In-Vitro Clinical Study of Tinidazole - Chlorhexidine Gluconate ophthalmic suspension for Treatment of Keratitis
Authors: Salmo Hiba Muaffak , Abbas Haider Kadum , Al- Shakarchi Faiz I. , Abdul-Rahman Jamal 
Published: April 2022

A new model aqueous micro fine suspension of tinidazole (TND) was developed on the basis of the combination with chlorhexidine gluconate to be useful in treatment of ungal corneal infection or ulcer (fungal keratitis). In vitro clinical study for TND - chlorhexidine gluconate showed a significant antifungal activity against certain species of fungi isolated from patients with corneal ulcer . Propylene glycol (PG) was chosen because it is known as a good solubilizer , it could be used as a tonicity adjustment agent in appropriate concentration & it is nontoxic . An enhancement in the solubility of TND was achieved also by interaction with a non-ionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween80) and PG. .
The models prepared by using PG were showed some practical advantages over the models containing a combination of PG and non –ionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) , by enhancement the in vitro dissolution & releasing of TND suspension .Previous histological studies have shown that these additives used not cause eye irritation. The prepared models showed high physiological tolerance onrabbit eye. Moreover high molecular weight methylcellulose (MC) was effective to create appropriate viscosity that was maintained unchanged after heatsterilization.
NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM FOR ITS APPLICATION IN THERAPEUTIC EMBOLIZATION STRATEGY.
Authors: Marie Nidhal K. 
Published: April 2022

The perfectly spherical microspheres of the ion- exchange resins diethylaminoethyl – trisacryl (DEAE) had been successfully used for achieving mechanical occlusion of vascular lumen. In this study; diclofenac sodium is reversibly adsorbed onto DEAE microspheres (28.3 g drug / 100 g of microspheres). The dissolution profile showed rapid release of the drug from the loaded microspheres, and since this may lead to dramatic decrease in the drug before the microspheres. reaches the targeted site, therefore, microencapsulation of the drug loaded DEAE microspheres is carried out for the first time in this study using PLGA as a coating polymer and applying two different methods of microencapsulation. The results showed that increasing the amount of PLGA lead tomore retardation in the release of the drug through affecting core : coat ratio and the mechanism of drug release. It is also found that applying emulsification / solvent evaporation method with 60% w/w PLGA gave regular retarded release microcapsules with better sphericity, which may be easily injected by a catheter at the required site and offers a new drug delivery system and new application for diclofenac sodium in the promising strategy of using embolization particles with anti – inflammatory activity.
Effect of nutrient antioxidants on oxidative stress indicators in patients with alopecia areata
Authors: AN AL- Gaff , S. Humadi , S.A Wohaieb , A.R. Muhi eldeen 
Published: April 2022

People with alopecia areata lose their scalp hair in smooth round patches typically causing bald spots about an inch (2cm) across. Recently Al-Jaff et al demonstrate the association of free radicals in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, and the role of nutrient antioxidants in protecting the immune system from the damaging effect of these radicals.Any imbalances between free radical production and antioxidant deficiency can result in an injury.This clinical study designed to study the role of nutrient antioxidants in protecting the body from damaging effect of radicals and the effect of two month treatment with antioxidants (vitamin A, E, &C) on oxidative stress variable levels and their effect on rate of hair growth in patients with alopecia areata. Treatment with antioxidants significantly elevated body antioxidant defenses component levels, increased Zn levels and decreased Cu levels and corrected the inbalance in these trace metals metabolism in alopecia after 1and 2 months of treatment compared to pretreatment values. The most important point isthe clinical significance of antioxidants in improving the hair response of patients with alopecia areata; this may be due to an inhibition of oxidative stress associated with the state of the disease.
Diagnosis of Enteroviral-associated-Meningitis by RT-PCR for the First Time in Iraq
Authors: Tuama Faiza L. , Omeran Yassen I. , Abdul Ridha Manal Khalid , Ridha Walid K. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: A protocol for testing cerebrospinal fluid specimens using RT-PCR for the diagnosis of central nervous system infections was developed 2 and used to test 20 CSF specimens.Objectives: A-Evaluation of efficiency of In-house prepared Extraction reagent. BAmplified of Enteroviral-RNA genome by single-step RT-PCR. Methods: 20cerebrospinal fluid specimens were included. RNA was extracted from 250μl by method Chomcynki, 1993. EV-RT-PCR was performed for all specimens studied.Results: We successfully isolated total RNA from 20 CSF specimens of AM cases. Ten of 20 specimens were positive by RT-PCR.
Conclusions: Single-step extraction method was allowed isolation of RNA in 4hr. and provided both high yield and purity of un-degraded RNA preparation. EV-RTPCR detection test is suitable for clinical diagnosis of EV-related meningitis and may improve the management of EV-related neurologic syndromes.
Correlation Between Chlamydia trachomatis Infections and Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) inWomen With spontaneous abortion
Authors: Amal Salman H. , Dalya Hana B. , Shaymma Salman L. 
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to find out the correlation between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and production of Interferon gamma (IFN- γ) with respect to abortion in women that had spontaneous abortion. Serum was collected from the women that had abortion and woman with successful pregnancy, and all samples were analysed for IgM specific antibodies for Chlamydia trachomatis and IFN- γ by commercially available Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits.A highly significant difference in the serum level of IgM specific antibodies of Chlamydia trachomatis and IFN- γ was found in women that had abortion compared with successful pregnancy (P<0.001), and a highly significant positive correlation between them (r=0.503, p<0.001) in sera of women that had abortion.The data of this study strengthen the possibility that IFN-γ may explain the role of type 1 cytokines in the pathogenicity of abortion in the positive groupfor Chlamydia trachomatis.
Trophoblast-Expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) inWomen with Recurrent Abortion ComparedWith Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Amal Salman H. , Ghaith Al-Zubaidy A. , Sulaf Hussain A. 
Published: April 2022

Objective:We studied the estimation of IL-6 and hCG expression in immunohistochemistry in women with unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA) and find out whether or not IL-6 regulates human Chorionic Gonadotropin release (hCG).An immunohistochemistry technique was performed to detect and determine the immunohistochemistry expression of IL-6 and hCG proteins using paraffin embedded sections of curettage samples obtained from 50 women, who were divided into three groups: 25 women with RSA, 15 women with abortionfor the first time, and 10 women with induced abortion.The levels of the immunohistochemistry expression of both IL-6 and hCG were found to be highly significant increased in group 3 as compared with group 1 and group 2 (P<0.001), with a significant positive correlation between these two parameters (P<0.05) in three groups.
The trophoblasts expression of IL-6 might play a role in stimulation of the expression of hCG during pregnancy.