bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control Of

Daktulosphaira

Vitifoliae

on Clinton Grapes, 1979
Authors: Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were evaluated for control of grape phylloxera at Wooster, OH. Plots consisted of 2 Clinton vines, with 4 replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Vine spacing was 9 ft between rows and 8 ft in the row. Granular formulations were applied on June 10 and incorporated in the soil 1.5 ft away from vine rows and 1.5 ft outside end vines, in the form of an ellipse around the plot. Granules were distributed uniformly in the bottom of a 1.5-inch furrow and covered with soil as soon as applied. Soil moisture was good at time of application, so granular treatments were not watered-in. Foliar treatments were made on June 11 and July 25, using a hand-operated CO2 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with a TeeJet D2 disc and No. 25 core. Sprays were applied to vines at the rate of 100 gal/acre. A spreader-sticker, Ortho X-77, was added to all sprays, except Zolone, at 1 pt/100 gal. In sampling, 10 shoots were chosen at random from each plot, half from each side of the row. The number of galls was recorded from the 10 apical leaves on each of these shoots. Fungicides were applied to the entire experimental area on May 23, June 1, 15, and July 26 at the following rates of ai/acre: Captan 50W at 1 lb (1st & 2nd dates); Benlate 50W at 0.5 lb plus Captan 50W at 1.0 lb (3rd date); and Folpet 50W at 1 lb (4th date). Ortho X-77 spreader-sticker was used with all fungicide treatments. Rainfall from first application to the last gall survey totaled 6.37 inches.
Citrus Rust Mite Control with Uc 55248, 1979
Authors: Victor French J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental acaricide UC 55248 at varying rates was compared to Kelthane for efficacy against citrus rust mite (CRM). Treatments were replicated 3 times on 3-tree plots in a randomized block design. Trees were 5 years old on a 24 × 24 ft spacing. Sprays were applied on May 24 and reapplied on Jul 11 using a Lockwood Hardie Air Blast Sprayer, with nozzle adjustment, pressure and speed regulated to apply 250 gal per acre. CRM were counted on the top, median and bottom of each of 25 randomly selected fruit per tree (100/treatment) using a 10X handlens with a l-cm2 grid. At harvest 100 fruit/treatment were evaluated for CRM damage and expressed as percent russet, i.e. fruit with damage severe enough to downgrade it to US #2 fresh or process fruit.
Citrus Red Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Childers C. C. , Konsler B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental miticides were evaluated for efficacy against citrus red mite (CRSM) in a randomized block design. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in single tree plots on a 15 × 12.5 ft spacing (= 232 trees/acre). Tree height and canopy diameter varied between 6-9 ft and 5-7 ft, respectively. Two gallons of finished spray were applied to each tree using a compressed air hand sprayer at 50 psi. Water pH was 6.4. Twenty leaves from the 1979 spring flush were picked at random around the outer canopy of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. The entire surface area of each leaf was examined for motile spider mites and the count was recorded as one observation.
Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Childers C. C. , Konsler B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental miticides were evaluated for efficacy against citrus rust mite (CRM) in randomized block designs. Treatments were replicated 5 times in tests 1 and 2 (Tables 1 and 2) and 4 times in test 3 (Table 3). An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees both within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a handgun at 400 psi using a truck-mounted sprayer. Approximately 20 gallons (test 1) and 5 gallons (test 2 and 3) of finished spray were applied to each sample tree which equalled ca. 1400 and 455 gallons per acre, respectively. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. A 1 cm area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm count of motile CRM was recorded as one observation.
Evaluation of FMC 35001 for Citrus Thrips Control, 1979
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two formulations of FMC 35001 were tested at 3 rates compared to a standard treatment (Cygon) for control of citrus thrips on Valencia oranges at the Yuma Mesa Experiment Station. Sprays were applied at the rate of 3 gal/tree (200 gal/acre) on Apr 12 with a handgun (pistol -type) and Bean Sprayer. Plots consisted of 3 trees and were replicated 4 times (3 × 4 = 12 trees/treatment) and randomized within 4 blocks. Thrips (adults and nymphs) were counted in the field with the “black box” technique (rapping terminals sharply 5 times on a screen-covered box - 6×8 inches).
Snap Beans, Flower Thrips Control, 1979
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Half runner' beans were planted using a Planet Jr. on May 17, near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 10 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 2 ft alleys between replications. One maintenance spray combining Sevin and diazinon was made prior to the start of the test. Pretreatment counts were made by sampling 20 blossoms/plot. Plots were sprayed immediately after the counts on Jul 13. Bravo 6F was applied at all spray dates. All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Posttreatment counts were made on Jul 16, Jul 19 and Jul 23 using the same sampling technique employed in the pretreatment counts.
Seed Maggot Control, 1979
Authors: Webb D. R. , Robbins P. S. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single rows, 15 ft long on 36 in. centers, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. They were planted in a Lima silt loam field on our vegetable entomology research farm. Cone seeders were used to plant 100 seeds/row and distribute granules of insecticide. The spray-in-furrow treatments were applied at 75 GPA using a C02-powered spray unit mounted on the seeder. Snap beans were planted on Jun 20 and sweet corn on Jun 19. After planting, a 2-4 in. wide band of meat and bone meal was sprinkled by hand over each row to increase seed maggot oviposition in the vicinity of the seeds. Damage readings were taken on Jul 9 on snap beans by counting the total number of emerged seedlings, recording all damaged individuals, and calculating an average percent damage. Emergence counts on sweet corn were made Jul 11. Efficacy data on sweet corn was taken Jul 13 by digging up 25 seeds/row, examining them for injury and calculating an average percent damage.
Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control in the Red River Valley, 1978
Authors: Nordgaard John T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eptam 7E was applied pre-plant at 2.5 lb ai/acre on a heavy clay loam soil at Hillsboro, ND. Bush Monofort sugarbeet seed was planted in 30 in. rows with a seed spacing of 1.5 in. immediately following the Eptam 7E application. Granular systemic insecticides were applied in-furrow or in a six in. band over the planted row with an electric Gandy applicator. Two treated 30 in. × 40 ft rows were separated by two untreated rows. All treatments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. The lay-by application was made on Jun 7. Post-emergent weed control was established by cultivation and hoeing. Beet stand counts were taken and then thinned by hoeing on Jun 26. Efficacy ratings were taken on Jul 21 according to the following scale: 1) no feeding-clean beets; 2) 1-3 feeding scars; 3) four or more feeding scars - less than 50% beet area damage; and 4) 50% or more beet area damage - to dead or dying beet. Eight beet seedlings were evaluated from each replicate of each treatment. Yields were obtained by harvesting the entire plot of each replication and treatment.
Effects of Spreader-Stickers on Insect Control Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringiensis on Broccoli, 1979
Authors: Clancy K. M. , Devisetty B. N. , Hanson J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Green Mountain' broccoli was transplanted on Jun 7 at the Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co., Randolph Experimental Farm, Randolph, Wl. Experimental plots consisted of single rows 10—ft long, with 9-ft between rows, at 13 to 15 in. plant spacings. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Weekly sprays were applied Jul 11, 18, 15, Aug 1, 10, 17 and 24, at the rate equivalent to 60 gallons of water per acre using a 5 ft boom, 3.0-gallon, CO2 pressurized, back-pack sprayer operated at 110 psl with 4 flat-fan nozzles. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of cabbage looper, imported cabbage worm, and diamondback moth larvae and pupae on 1 plant/plot. Counts were made 3 times on Aug 8, Aug 23 and 24, and Aug 28, 29 and 30. Inches of precipitation during the experiment, as recorded for the U.S. Department of Commerce at the Beaver Dam, Wisconsin Wastewater Treatment Plant (ca 12 miles east of Randolph Experimental Farm), was as follows: Jul 11-.02, 14-.08, 21-.49, 22-.10, 24-.15, 25-.03, 30-.81, Aug 3-.17, 5-.81, 8-.02, 9-2.54, 12-.10, 17-.26, 10-.19, 20-.87, 22-.63, 23-.02, 26-.10, 27-.06, 28-.10, and 29-.08. Population pressure from cabbage loopers, imported cabbageworms, and diamondback moths was, respectively, moderate, moderate to heavy, and very light.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1979
Authors: Dapsis L. J. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Market Victory' cabbage was transplanted to the field on Jun 8. Each treatment consisted of a 20-ft row and was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The soil type was a fine sandy loam. Insecticide applications were based on 36-in. row spacing. Furrow treatments of Temik were placed down immediately before transplanting with the use of a Gandy applicator, (Line Tender model). Sprays were applied with a 3 gallon stainless steel backpack sprayer. Applications of Amaze, UC 21865, and Diazinon were made on Jun 25. On Jul 7 Amaze and Diazinon were applied, one other application of Diazinon was made on Jul 26. Evaluations were made on Aug 8 by removing 10 roots/treatment/replication, taking a 10 cm diameter core of soil around the root. The roots and soil were rinsed through a screen to separate pupae and larvae from the soil. The number of cabbage maggot tunnels, number of larvae and pupae were recorded for each root.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Linduska James L. , Bagley P. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Market Prize' cabbage was transplanted in 2 row plots 40-ft long on Jul 25. Plants were spaced 18-inches in the row and 36-inches between rows. Each plot was buffered by 2 guard rows. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Granular insecticide treatments were applied in a 12-inch band over the row with a double spout electric drive Gandy applicator (Model 901-2). Spray treatments were applied with a custom built row crop sprayer which was tractor drawn and equipped with a PTO mounted pump. Each row was covered by 3 drop nozzles. Spray treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 50 gal/A at 90 psi. Treatments were applied on Aug 8, 16, 25 and 30; Sep 5, 12, 20 and 26. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were indexed as follows: 1) 0-3% damage - odd holes on leaves: 2) 4-10% damage - few leaves with holes; 3) 11 -25% damage - moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage - most leaves with holes; and 5) 51-100% damage - crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Market Prize' cabbage was transplanted on Apr 24, near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 20-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 2-ft alleys between replications. Three maintenance sprays were made using Dipel prior to start of test. Treatments were applied on a weekly or biweekly schedule beginning Jun 7 and ending Jul 19 for totals of 7 and 4 applications. Dithane and Bravo 6F fungicides were used alternately at every spray date. All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water/acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Worm counts were made on 3 heads/plot on Jun 21 and Jul 25. Cabbage heads were harvested and worm damage evaluations were made on Jul 25. Heads were described as undamaged if there was no evidence of feeding on the wrapper leaves and head. The number of plants infested with aphids was recorded.
Cabbage Looper Control on Cauliflower, 1978
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was located at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station where the soil type is Laveen Clay loam. Snowball X variety of cauliflower was planted Aug 24, using a Stanhay precision planter which planted 2 seed rows per 40 inch bed, spacing the seeds approximately 2 inches apart. Seeding was in a dry seed bed and the planting was furrow irrigated, keeping the beds damp until germination occurred. Plants were hand thinned to 24 inch spacing on Sep 21. Plots were 3 (40 inch) beds wide, 10 ft × 25 ft long and replicated 4 times using a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were with a CO2 back-pack sprayer utilizing a light weight spray boom, fitted with hollow cone nozzles. When the plants were small a single nozzle per plant row was used. As the plants became larger, two hollow cone nozzles were used/plant row. The sprayer was operated at 55 psi, applying 35 gallons of spray mixture/acre. Insect counts were made at approximately weekly intervals from the middle bed of each plot, 10 plants being examined for the presence of cabbage looper eggs and larvae. Yield data was obtained from the middle bed of each plot. Heads were cut, weighed and graded according to #6, #9 and #12's. These numbers refer to the number of heads that are packed into a commercial shipping carton.
Sweet Corn, First Brood European Corn Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Bowman James S. , Porcellini S. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sweet corn utilized in this study was planted on Apr 26 on the Ralph Cousins Farm, Derry,NH. Each plot consisted of a 30-ft row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied to the whorls beginning when 15% of the plants showed signs of larval feeding injury to the leaves. Spray applications were made using a one gallon B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at 40 psi and a volume of 26 gallons/acre. Granular applications were directed into the whorls using a Gandy plot applicator. Evaluations were made on Jul 20 by examining all the stalks and ears in each treatment and determining the percentage injured by the first brood European corn borer larvae.
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control Programs in Sweet Corn, 1979
Authors: Flood Brian R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted Jun 25 (app. 1000 HU50) so that ear formation coincided with expected European corn borer (1550 HU50 to frost) and corn earworm (1950 HU50 to frost) flight activity. Fifteen chemical treatments and 3 stratified untreated checks were replicated in 2 sets of 4 randomized complete blocks 100 ft × 120 rows per block. One additional block in each set was left untreated. Six border rows were left on the edge of each block. Each treatment consisted of six rows with no border rows between treatments. One set of treatments, a short interval program, was applied Aug 15, 21, 24, 27, 30, and Sep 3 at 1739, 1857, 1908, 1965, 2030, and 2120 HU50, respectively. The second set, a long interval program, was applied Aug 15, 23, 28, and Sep 3 at 1739, 1895, 1984, and 2120 HU50, respectively. All materials were applied with a modified Hagie Hiboy (20 gpa, 2 mph, 40 psi, or 10 gpa, 4 mph, 40 psi) with two D2/23 Tee Jet tips per row. Application interval was adjusted to weather conditions and moth activity. At harvest, 10 days after the last treatment, 25 ears from the middle two rows of each replicate were examined for damage to each ear as “none” (clean), “tip” (kernels eaten), “side”, or “tip and side”. Each ear was assessed for the number of European corn borer and corn earworms in the early, mid, or late instar stage. European corn borer and corn earworm flight activity during the trial was average, based on a 20 year summary. The untreated checks were 81% damaged and 85% infested with an average of 0.8 European corn borer and 0.4 corn earworm per ear.
Southern Peas, Late Season Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Southern peas were planted on Jul 20. Plots were 8 rows (3 ft width), 40-ft long and replicated 4x in RCB. Soil type was a deep sand. Plots were treated beginning at anthesis on Sep 7, 11 and 15 using a tractor mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row at 50 psi and 50 gal water/acre. When mature, 25 pods/plot were harvested at fresh market maturity and when ca 20% dry, they were examined for curculio stings and corn earworm injury. Ten vines were also examined for European corn borer infestation. Yields were determined from 10 ft of row.
European Corn Borer and Green Peach Aphid Control on Bell Peppers, 1979
Authors: Anderson T. E. , Kennedy G. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set out at the North Carolina State University, Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on Jun 13 in a field of Dothan loamy sand. Plots consisted of 20 plants in a single 20-ft row. They were separated within rows by 5 ft of bare ground and between rows by one unplanted row. Overhead irrigation was supplied as needed. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block experimental design. To insure an adequate ECB infestation, 12 and 8 egg masses were pinned to randomly selected plants in each plot on Jul 25 and 31, respectively (total: 20/plot). Egg masses were obtained from a laboratory colony started from field collected adults and maintained on artificial diet for one generation prior to collection of the eggs for use in this study. Foliar sprays were applied weekly from Jul 16 to Aug 6 using a CO2 powered, back-pack sprayer equipped with 3 hollow cone nozzles calibrated to deliver 35 gal/acre at 40 psi. Furadan 10G was incorporated in a band 2 In wide and 4 in from the base of the plant. Furadan was applied in a split application, 2 lbs ai/acre on Jun 28 and 3 lbs ai/acre on Jul 26. On Jul 30, all apterous M. persicae were counted on 6 randomly selected leaves per plot. On Aug 9, 25 mature green fruit were harvested from each plot and examined for ECB injury.
Colorado Potato Beetle control with Foliar Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Norland' potatoes were planted May 26 at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm, Grand Forks, ND. Plots were single row, 25-ft long, separated from adjacent treatments by an untreated row, and arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replications. Treatments were applied Jul 16 using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer delivering 100 gal water/acre. Counts were made of larvae from the middle 15 ft of each plot immediately before treatment and 40 hrs. after treatment.
In-Furrow Granular Systemic Soil Insecticides for Potato Insect Control, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In-furrow applications of soil insecticides were made at planting on Katahdin potatoes May 9. Granular formulations were individually weighed out for each plot and applied by hand held shaker can as in-furrow treatments over the planted seed pieces prior to closing and hilling. Seed pieces (size B) were treated with Agway Potato Seed Treatment 8D at 1.0 lb/100 lbs of seed. Sencor herbicide was used pre-emergence at 1.0 lb ai/acre. Fertilization consisted of 1,500 lbs of 10-10-10/acre plus starter fertilizer with planter. A randomized block of 4 row plots of three replications (plot size 12 × 20 ft) with 36-inch row spacing was utilized. The outer two rows were left untreated in each plot to act as buffer rows. Bravo 6F fungicide maintenance disease control sprays were used on a weekly basis starting Jul 5. A postemergence side, dressed treatment of Temik was also evaluated applied Jul 6. Insects were sampled on Jul 10, 11; Aug 11, and Sep 21.
Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides for Potato Flea Beetle Control, 1978
Authors: Nordgaard John T. , Peters R. , Lloyd E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Red Pontiac' potatoes were planted on Jun 12 in two - 38 inch × 35 ft rows/plot and replicated five times/treatment in a completely randomized design. Two untreated spreader rows were planted between each treatment. Treatments were applied in-furrow at planting via an electric Gandy granular applicator. Fertilizer applied was 250 lb of 19-19-19 in-furrow. Eptam 7E was applied at 4.5 lb ai preplant. No foliar insecticides were used though two applications of Bravo 6F were used to help protect potato vines from early blight. The soil was a silt loam (14.4% sand, 26.2% silt, 59.4% clay) of pH 7.0, 6.8% organic matter and CEC of 19.8 meq. Total rainfall on the plot was 11.32 inches. Yields were obtained on Sep 22 by harvesting the entire plot and grading according to standard USDA grades. Efficacy ratings were made by counting “shotholes”/leaf from flea beetle feeding on five leaves in each and all replicates of each treatment.
Soil Treatments with Systemic Insecticides for Control of Green Peach Aphids and Colorado Potato Beetles, Test 5, 1979
Authors: Powell Donnie , Mondor William 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On Apr 4 'Russet Burbank' potato seed pieces were planted in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesic Colciorthidic Haploxerolls) with a pH of 6.2 and 1.6% organic matter at Yakima, WA. Granular insecticides were applied by 3 methods: 1) in the furrow over the seed piece at planting time (PT); 2) as post-emergence sidedress (SD); and 3) as post-emerge nee topical dressing (Top). In the PT method the seed pieces were planted on Apr 4 in open furrows and the granular insecticide were dribbled through a hand-held funnel-type applicator into the furrow over the potato seed pieces and covered with soil. In the SD method, in another set of plots, the plants were sided re ssed when about 75% had emerged (May 14). The granules were placed in 1-inch (2.5 cm) bands, 4 inch (10.0 cm) to each side and about the same depth as the potato seed pieces by using chisel shanks fed by Gandy applicators mounted on a tractor. In the Top method, on the same day in another set of plots, the discharge tubes on the Gandies were removed from the chisel shanks and the granules were spread over the tops of the small potato plants in a 10-12 inch (25.4 to 30.5) wide band. Then the granules were mixed with the soil and the plants were almost covered with soil using a Lilliston cultivator. All plots were 2-rows wide (5.6 ft or 1.7 m) and 33-ft (10.1 m) long. Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The crop was sprinkler irrigated. On May 22 (48 days after PT and 8 days after SD and Top), 3 whole plants/plot were examined and the numbers of green peach aphids (GPA) and Colorado potato beetle (CPB) eggs were counted. The amount of CPB feeding damage in each plot was rated numerically from 0 to 5 (0 = no feeding and 5 = severe feeding). Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from each plot on Jun 7 and 19 and Jul 17. The number of GPA and CPB eggs on the leaves and the number of leaves showing CPB feeding damage were counted. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using Duncan's MRT.