bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hopes and fears: A qualitative analysis of the intern perspective at the start of EM residency
Authors: Zink Korie , Clugston Cory , Regan Linda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesMost emergency medicine (EM) residency programs have orientation curricula to guide interns through the transition from medical school to residency, although no standard components are required. This transition is recognized as a challenging time for young physician learners; however, there is no current understanding of the perspective of incoming interns as they enter residency. We sought to identify themes, examine the current literature, and reflect on the experiences of our residency leadership to inform the creation of orientation activities that foster positive experiences, as well as directly address intern fears and anxieties.MethodsThis qualitative study collected free text responses on the first day of EM orientation regarding areas of high excitement and high fear as interns entered residency. Data were collected from 2011 to 2019 in a 4‐year EM residency program and a 6‐year combined EM‐Anesthesia residency program in the Mid‐Atlantic. An inductive approach was used to code intern responses and develop themes within each category, and a frequency analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 112 interns participated. Thematic analysis of coded responses yielded 11 themes around “most excited” and 13 themes around “most scared.” The most frequent themes for “most excited” were: (1) Forming new relationships, (2) Building and applying knowledge, and (3) Being responsible for the care and education of others. For “most scared,” the most frequent themes were: (1) work–life balance and burnout, (2) making harmful mistakes, and (3) knowledge wealth and retention.ConclusionsWe identified themes of high excitement and high fear for interns entering residency orientation. Based on the themes developed and current literature, recommendations for residency programs regarding intern orientation are provided, specifically that programs intentionally address opportunities for professional identity formation, building relationships with new people/places, emphasizing wellness, and mitigating burnout.
Optimizing maize–bean cropping systems for sustainable intensification in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Tigist , Abera Girma , Beyene Sheleme , Rasche Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeclining productivity and scarcity of cultivable land in smallholder systems call for exploring sustainable intensification options to increase productivity. Field experiments were conducted at five sites (Sites 1–5) of the Sidama region, southern Ethiopia, in 2018 and 2019 to determine the effects of cropping systems on maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity. The intercropping of common bean with maize at varying planting times (simultaneous, relay) and number (frequency) of legume intercropping (once or twice) per growing season were compared with monocultures of the components in randomized complete block design with four replications. Cropping system affected the agronomic parameters (pod number plant−1 and 100‐seed weight) of common bean, more so than maize. Specifically, the results revealed that cropping systems affected both maize and bean yields, although the magnitude of the effect varied with sites. The highest maize yield was recorded in fertilized monoculture maize at Sites 1, 2, and 5, and in relay and sequential bean intercropping at Sites 3 and 4, respectively. Moreover, the highest bean yields were obtained in double common bean monoculture whereas, the lowest yields were recorded in relay intercropping. The total land equivalent ratio (LER) ranged from 1.2 to 1.8 and partial LER of maize was higher than that of the common bean. Sequential intercropping (Sites 1, 2, and 5) and relay intercropping (Sites 3 and 4) were economically more beneficial than the other cropping systems. Therefore, farmers could benefit more from maize–bean intercropping systems than monocultures in areas where maize is a staple crop.
Mechanical and physical characterizations of compatibilizer‐free recycled plastics blend composites modified with carbon nanotube and clay nanofiller
Authors: Nor Arman Nur Syafiqaz , Chen Ruey Shan , Ahmad Sahrim , Shahdan Dalila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExcessive amount of disposable and reusable plastic wastes has increasingly gained a great environmental concern. This present article aims to investigate the individual effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and clay loadings at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 phr on the tensile, impact, density, and water absorption properties of polymer blend made from recycled high‐density polyethylene and recycled polyethylene terephthalate. Both nanocomposites were melt‐blended using a twin screw extruder before compression molding. For MWCNT nanocomposite, 4 phr showed the optimum tensile strength (14.5 MPa), Young's modulus (587.4 MPa), and strain at break (4.2%) as compared to other loadings. For clay nanocomposite system, the optimum tensile properties (13.9 MPa tensile strength, 525.7 MPa Young's modulus, and 4.7% strain) were achieved at 1 phr. The impact strength of the nanocomposites was reduced with both nanofillers' content. With the increment of MWCNT and clay loadings, the percentages of water uptake increased but the values were still considered low (<0.26% upon 35 days immersion) capacity. These research findings with the effect of nanofiller types and loadings were statistically significant as proven in ANOVA analysis. This study formalizes a chemical‐free environmental strategy to produce nanocomposite as a plastic‐replacement product.
Rapid chiral separation of potential antibiotics using supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Ali Imran , Raja Rupak , Dilshad Alam Syed , Jain Arvind Kumar , Yusuf Kareem , Aljuwayid Ahmed muteb , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWHO is searching most active antibiotics due to the bacterial resistance problem. The activities of the racemic antibiotics may be augment by preparing optically active antibiotics by the chiral separation. Chiral separation of potential antibiotics such as cefotaxime and ofloxacin was studied using amylose‐based packing chiral stationary phases (CSPs) such as Chiralpak IA and Chiralpak IG. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was employed to carry out this study. Both immobilized CSPs such as Chiralpak IA and IG have sown remarkable selectivity for the reported drugs by using SFC. The values of retention factor (k) for ofloxacin enantiomers were 9.63 and 11.81, followed by 2.94 and 5.96 for cefotaxime enantiomers. The values of separation factor (α) for both the reported drugs were 1.22 and 2.03, respectively Similarly, the values of resolution factor (Rs) for both the enantio‐selective drugs were 1.49 and 2.06, separately and respectively. The chiral recognition mechanism was developed and it was observed that the π‐π interactions are playing a major role. The developed method is effective, reproducible, eco‐friendly, and may be used to discriminate the enantiomers of the reported drugs in any sample.
How to Select a Graduate School Program for a PhD in Biomedical Science
Authors: Lancaster Carly L. , Higginson Lauryn , Chen Brandon , Encarnacion‐Rivera Lucas , Morton Derrick J. , Corbett Anita H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe goal of this article is to provide guidance for those who have decided to apply to graduate school with the plan to obtain a PhD in biomedical science. Choosing an appropriate graduate school and program can seem like a daunting choice. There are numerous graduate training programs that offer excellent training with multiple specific program choices at any given institution. Thus, identifying a program that provides an optimal training environment, which aligns with the applicant's training and career goals, can be daunting. There is no single training program that is ideal for all applicants, and, fortunately, there is no sole perfect place for any individual applicant to obtain a PhD. This article presents points to consider at multiple phases of this process as collected from the authors, including a senior faculty member, a junior faculty member, and four current graduate students who all made different choices for their graduate training (Fig. 1). In Phase I of the process, the vast number of choices must be culled to a reasonable number of schools/programs for the initial application. This is one of the most challenging steps because the number of training programs is very large, and most applicants will rely primarily on information readily available on the internet. Phase II is the exciting stage of visiting the program for an interview where you can ask questions and get a feel for the place. Finally, Phase III suggests information to collect following the interview when comparing choices and making a final decision. While the process may feel long and can be stressful, the good news is that making informed decisions along the way should result in multiple options that can support excellent training and career development. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Measuring quality of popular annual financial reports: Features of the rewarded US reporting municipalities
Authors: Raimo Nicola , Rubino Michele , Esposito Paolo , Vitolla Filippo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe advent of New Public Management has brought significant changes in accountability mechanisms. In recent years, the information needs of citizens interested in financial issues and the nonfinancial aspects of public management have increased. Regulators' commitment to transparency has led US municipalities since the 1990s to adopt Popular Annual Financial Reporting (PAFR). This reporting tool, capable of transmitting information to citizens clearly and simply, has also attracted the attention of academics. Despite the presence of several studies on the subject, the quality of the information contained within the popular annual financial reports remains an unexplored topic. This study aims to fill this gap by examining a sample of 100 rewarded US municipalities. The results show a low quality of the popular annual financial reports and demonstrate a positive effect of the population size and a negative impact of the population average age on the quality of these documents.
Prospects and limitations of ‘Responsible Agricultural Investment’ for governing transboundary agri‐food systems in Mekong Southeast Asia: Implications for upland maize in the Lao‐Vietnamese borderlands
Authors: Cole Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAgri‐food production in the Mekong countries of Southeast Asia, as is the case globally, has become increasingly dominated by commodity crops, often produced in transboundary networks of smallholder farmers, traders and downstream agribusiness firms. These trends are likely to continue along with regional demand, raising questions of how to address impacts on communities and the environment from conversion of diverse farm‐forest landscapes towards monocultures. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations recently endorsed guidelines on ‘Responsible Agricultural Investment’ (ASEAN‐RAI) as a transboundary governance framework for improving the social and environmental outcomes of agribusiness. Application of this voluntary framework remains in its infancy and has so far received limited research attention. This article aims to contribute to this nascent evidence base by examining the prospects and limitations of ASEAN‐RAI in the context of a transboundary maize network spanning the Lao‐Vietnamese borderlands. One area of potential for ASEAN‐RAI to have a positive impact is by influencing higher visibility firms with interests in demonstrating social and environmental commitments. However, transboundary agribusiness somewhat undermines this by spatially separating lead firms from responsibility for impacts, and crossing different regulatory jurisdictions via networks of intermediaries. The article elaborates on such limitations, though argues that voluntary governance frameworks such as ASEAN‐RAI can make an important contribution as part of wider multi‐stakeholder movements to sharpen attention and policy debates on agribusiness impacts that may otherwise go unchallenged.
Rat liver ECM incorporated into electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds as a platform for hepatocyte culture
Authors: Bate Thomas S. R. , Shanahan William , Casillo Joseph P. , Grant Rhiannon , Forbes Stuart J. , Callanan Anthony 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLiver disease is expanding across the globe; however, health‐care systems still lack approved pharmaceutical treatment strategies to mitigate potential liver failures. Organ transplantation is the only treatment for liver failure and with increasing cases of liver disease, transplant programs increasingly cannot provide timely transplant availability for all patients. The development of pharmaceutical mitigation strategies is clearly necessary and methods to improve drug development processes are considered vital for this purpose. Herein, we present a methodology for incorporating whole organ decellularised rat liver ECM (rLECM) into polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun scaffolds with the aim of producing biologically relevant liver tissue models. rLECM PCL scaffolds have been produced with 5 w/w% and 10 w/w% rLECM:PCL and were analyzed by SEM imaging, tensile mechanical analyses and FTIR spectroscopy. The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, was cultured upon the scaffolds for 14 days and were analyzed through cell viability assay, DNA quantification, albumin quantification, immunohistochemistry, and RT‐qPCR gene expression analysis. Results showed significant increases in proliferative activity of HepG2 on rLECM containing scaffolds alongside maintained key gene expression. This study confirms that rLECM can be utilized to modulate the bioactivity of electrospun PCL scaffolds and has the potential to produce electrospun scaffolds suitable for enhanced hepatocyte cultures and in‐vitro liver tissue models.
Boron based intramolecular heterocyclic frustrated Lewis pairs as organocatalysts for CO2 adsorption and activation
Authors: Faizan Mohmmad , Pawar Ravinder 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe massive increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has led to serious environmental problems. One of the best ways to tackle this problem is the CO2 capture and its utilization as a C1 carbon source for the production of industrially valuable chemicals. But the thermodynamic stability of the CO2 molecule poses a great challenge in its transformation. Since the last two decades, various metal‐based and organic catalysts have been developed for the adsorption and activation of CO2. Among all the catalysts the Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been shown great potential in CO2 capture and conversion. Thus, in the present work, Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis pairs (IFLP) based on N‐Heterocycles with boron group functionalization at the α‐position to N has been theoretically investigated for CO2 activation. Thorough orbital analysis has been carried out to investigate the reactivity of the proposed catalytic systems. The result shows that the considered IFLPs are capable of activating CO2 with minimum energy requirements. The CO2 activation energy range between 8 and 14 kcal/mol. The non‐polar solvent was found to be the suitable medium for the reaction. Also, the reversibility of the adducts formed with the IFLPs can be controlled by appropriate substitution at B atom in the IFLPs.
Psychosocial hazards, posttraumatic stress disorder, complex posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in the U.K. rail industry: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Carnall Laurence A. , Mason Oliver , O'Sullivan Michelle , Patton Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex PTSD, depression, and anxiety among U.K. rail workers. A cross‐sectional survey examining exposure to seven psychosocial hazards (bullying/harassment; verbal abuse; physical and sexual assault; and hearing about, seeing the aftermath of, or witnessing a fatality), working conditions, physical health, and the impact of COVID‐19 was administered to 3,912 participants. Outcome measures were the ITQ, PHQ‐9, and GAD‐7. Among trauma‐exposed participants, 24.3% met the criteria for PTSD or CPTSD; 38.6% and 29.2% of all participants scored in the moderate‐to‐severe range on the PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7, respectively. Data were analyzed using logistic and linear regression. Bullying/harassment was positively associated with GAD‐7 scores, f2 = .001, and PTSD and CPTSD, ORs = 1.83–2.02. Hearing about and witnessing a fatality were associated with PTSD and CPTSD, ORs = 1.77–2.10. Poorer ergonomics at work were positively associated with PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 scores, f2 = .001. Higher job satisfaction was associated with lower odds of PTSD and CPTSD, ORs = 0.87–0.91, and negatively associated with PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 scores, f2 = .008–.01. Work intensity was associated with PTSD and CPTSD, ORs = 1.79–1.83, and positively associated with PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7 scores, f2 = .02–.03. Reporting more physical health problems was associated with PTSD, OR = 1.07, and positively associated with GAD‐7 and PHQ‐9 scores, f2 = .008–.01. The results suggest bullying/harassment and work intensity are important variables in employee mental health and could drive future research and industry initiatives.
An improved iterative neural network for high‐quality image‐domain material decomposition in dual‐energy CT
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Long Yong , Chun Il Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeDual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) has widely been used in many applications that need material decomposition. Image‐domain methods directly decompose material images from high‐ and low‐energy attenuation images, and thus, are susceptible to noise and artifacts on attenuation images. The purpose of this study is to develop an improved iterative neural network (INN) for high‐quality image‐domain material decomposition in DECT, and to study its properties.MethodsWe propose a new INN architecture for DECT material decomposition. The proposed INN architecture uses distinct cross‐material convolutional neural network (CNN) in image refining modules, and uses image decomposition physics in image reconstruction modules. The distinct cross‐material CNN refiners incorporate distinct encoding‐decoding filters and cross‐material model that captures correlations between different materials. We study the distinct cross‐material CNN refiner with patch‐based reformulation and tight‐frame condition.ResultsNumerical experiments with extended cardiac‐torso phantom and clinical data show that the proposed INN significantly improves the image quality over several image‐domain material decomposition methods, including a conventional model‐based image decomposition (MBID) method using an edge‐preserving regularizer, a recent MBID method using prelearned material‐wise sparsifying transforms, and a noniterative deep CNN method. Our study with patch‐based reformulations reveals that learned filters of distinct cross‐material CNN refiners can approximately satisfy the tight‐frame condition.ConclusionsThe proposed INN architecture achieves high‐quality material decompositions using iteration‐wise refiners that exploit cross‐material properties between different material images with distinct encoding‐decoding filters. Our tight‐frame study implies that cross‐material CNN refiners in the proposed INN architecture are useful for noise suppression and signal restoration.
Estimating 3‐D whole‐body composition from a chest CT scan
Authors: Pu Lucy , Ashraf Syed F. , Gezer Naciye S. , Ocak Iclal , Dresser Daniel E. , Leader Joseph K. , Dhupar Rajeev 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEstimating whole‐body composition from limited region‐computed tomography (CT) scans has many potential applications in clinical medicine; however, it is challenging.PurposeTo investigate if whole‐body composition based on several tissue types (visceral adipose tissue [VAT], subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT], intermuscular adipose tissue [IMAT], skeletal muscle [SM], and bone) can be reliably estimated from a chest CT scan only.MethodsA cohort of 97 lung cancer subjects who underwent both chest CT scans and whole‐body positron emission tomography‐CT scans at our institution were collected. We used our in‐house software to automatically segment and quantify VAT, SAT, IMAT, SM, and bone on the CT images. The field‐of‐views of the chest CT scans and the whole‐body CT scans were standardized, namely, from vertebra T1 to L1 and from C1 to the bottom of the pelvis, respectively. Multivariate linear regression was used to develop the computer models for estimating the volumes of whole‐body tissues from chest CT scans. Subject demographics (e.g., gender and age) and lung volume were included in the modeling analysis. Ten‐fold cross‐validation was used to validate the performance of the prediction models. Mean absolute difference (MAD) and R‐squared (R2) were used as the performance metrics to assess the model performance.ResultsThe R2 values when estimating volumes of whole‐body SAT, VAT, IMAT, total fat, SM, and bone from the regular chest CT scans were 0.901, 0.929, 0.900, 0.933, 0.928, and 0.918, respectively. The corresponding MADs (percentage difference) were 1.44 ± 1.21 L (12.21% ± 11.70%), 0.63 ± 0.49 L (29.68% ± 61.99%), 0.12 ± 0.09 L (16.20% ± 18.42%), 1.65 ± 1.40 L (10.43% ± 10.79%), 0.71 ± 0.68 L (5.14% ± 4.75%), and 0.17 ± 0.15 L (4.32% ± 3.38%), respectively.ConclusionOur algorithm shows promise in its ability to estimate whole‐body compositions from chest CT scans. Body composition measures based on chest CT scans are more accurate than those based on vertebra third lumbar.
Asymptomatic syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) following duloxetine treatment for pain with depression: Two case reports
Authors: Sato Aoi , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Oda Yumiko , Yang Misa , Suzuki Yudai , Shinozaki Masataka , Shimizu Taro , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSyndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a common side effect in patients treated with SSRIs and venlafaxine, while there is little information on SIADH in the treatment of duloxetine for pain.Case presentationThe patients were an 83‐year‐old Japanese male and a 71‐year‐old Japanese female. Several years earlier, they complained of pain. Accidentally, blood tests revealed hyponatremia of 110 mmol/L and 108 mmol/L 35 days and 40 days after initiating duloxetine 20 mg/day, respectively. The hyponatremia of both patients recovered after switching from duloxetine to mianserin.ConclusionWe conclude that asymptomatic SIADH was induced by use of duloxetine. Psychiatrists should be aware of this syndrome.