bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated causal inference in application to randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Wu Ji Q. , Horeweg Nanda , de Bruyn Marco , Nout Remi A. , Jürgenliemk-Schulz Ina M. , Lutgens Ludy C. H. W. , Jobsen Jan J. , van der Steen-Banasik Elzbieta M. , Nijman Hans W. , Smit Vincent T. H. B. M. , Bosse Tjalling , Creutzberg Carien L. , Koelzer Viktor H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for testing causal hypotheses in the clinical domain; however, the investigation of prognostic variables of patient outcome in a hypothesized cause–effect route is not feasible using standard statistical methods. Here we propose a new automated causal inference method (AutoCI) built on the invariant causal prediction (ICP) framework for the causal reinterpretation of clinical trial data. Compared with existing methods, we show that the proposed AutoCI allows one to clearly determine the causal variables of two real-world RCTs of patients with endometrial cancer with mature outcome and extensive clinicopathological and molecular data. This is achieved via suppressing the causal probability of non-causal variables by a wide margin. In ablation studies, we further demonstrate that the assignment of causal probabilities by AutoCI remains consistent in the presence of confounders. In conclusion, these results confirm the robustness and feasibility of AutoCI for future applications in real-world clinical analysis.
Perivascular tenascin C triggers sequential activation of macrophages and endothelial cells to generate a pro-metastatic vascular niche in the lungs
Authors: Hongu Tsunaki , Pein Maren , Insua-Rodríguez Jacob , Gutjahr Ewgenija , Mattavelli Greta , Meier Jasmin , Decker Kristin , Descot Arnaud , Bozza Matthias , Harbottle Richard , Trumpp Andreas , Sinn Hans-Peter , Riedel Angela , Oskarsson Thordur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDisseminated cancer cells frequently lodge near vasculature in secondary organs. However, our understanding of the cellular crosstalk invoked at perivascular sites is still rudimentary. Here, we identify intercellular machinery governing formation of a pro-metastatic vascular niche during breast cancer colonization in the lung. We show that specific secreted factors, induced in metastasis-associated endothelial cells (ECs), promote metastasis in mice by enhancing stem cell properties and the viability of cancer cells. Perivascular macrophages, activated via tenascin C (TNC) stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), were shown to be crucial in niche activation by secreting nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to induce EC-mediated production of niche components. Notably, this mechanism was independent of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of EC behavior and angiogenesis. However, targeting both macrophage-mediated vascular niche activation and VEGF-regulated angiogenesis resulted in added potency to curb lung metastasis in mice. Together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the formation of vascular niches in metastasis.
Towards practical and robust DNA-based data archiving using the yin–yang codec system
Authors: Ping Zhi , Chen Shihong , Zhou Guangyu , Huang Xiaoluo , Zhu Sha Joe , Zhang Haoling , Lee Henry H. , Lan Zhaojun , Cui Jie , Chen Tai , Zhang Wenwei , Yang Huanming , Xu Xun , Church George M. , Shen Yue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDNA is a promising data storage medium due to its remarkable durability and space-efficient storage. Early bit-to-base transcoding schemes have primarily pursued information density, at the expense of introducing biocompatibility challenges or decoding failure. Here we propose a robust transcoding algorithm named the yin–yang codec, using two rules to encode two binary bits into one nucleotide, to generate DNA sequences that are highly compatible with synthesis and sequencing technologies. We encoded two representative file formats and stored themin vitroas 200 nt oligo pools andin vivoas a ~54 kbps DNA fragment in yeast cells. Sequencing results show that the yin–yang codec exhibits high robustness and reliability for a wide variety of data types, with an average recovery rate of 99.9% above 104molecule copies and an achieved recovery rate of 87.53% at ≤102copies. Additionally, thein vivostorage demonstration achieved an experimentally measured physical density close to the theoretical maximum.
Efficient hydrogen evolution by reconstruction of NiMoO4–CoO via Mo recombination
Authors: Teng Juejin , Dong Zhixin , Liu Daokun , Zhang Xiao , Guo Jinxue 
Published: April 2022

Surface reconstruction in NiMoO4–CoO nanosheet catalyst through Mo dissolution with subsequent formation of K2Mo3O10 is disclosed, which brings more active sites and enhanced charge transfer, and boosts intrinsic HER activity per catalysis site.
CHP systems optimal allocation in the interconnected heat and electricity distribution network based on minimizing electrical and heat transfer losses
Authors: Ahmadi Pourya , Rastegar Hasan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCombined heat and power (CHP) systems are employed to supply electrical and thermal loads of distribution networks (DNs). However, the heat loss can significantly hinder the heat transfer through pipelines from CHP systems to consumers Therefore, the optimal placement and sizing of CHP systems to reduce losses, including electrical and thermal losses, are very crucial. To minimize electrical loss, many methods have been proposed for optimal resource allocation. In this paper, a new approach for the optimal allocation of CHP systems to minimize electrical loss and heat transfer loss (HTL) is presented. Accurate modeling of HTL through the pipeline is performed. The proposed method is applied to 33‐bus, 69‐bus, and 84‐bus test systems. According to the simulation results, it is concluded that considering HTL in the resources optimization problem leads to major changes in the selection of CHP systems' optimal size and location. To solve the optimization problem, a new enhanced imperialist competitive algorithm (E‐ICA) is presented. The proposed algorithm enhances the performance and efficiency of the ICA algorithm by improving exploitation and exploration to prevent getting trapped in local optimums. Comparison of CHP systems allocation results confirms the superiority of the E‐ICA algorithm over other methods.
Morphological geodesic active contour algorithm for the segmentation of the histogram‐equalized welding bead image edges
Authors: Mlyahilu John N. , Mlyahilu Joseph N. , Lee Jae Eun , Kim Young Bong , Kim Jong Nam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAssessment and evaluation are the essential processes of industrially manufactured products for the determination of the quality and quantity of products. They give justifications in a practical way about whether the machine is perfect or imperfect, which can lead to a better or poorer production. In this study, the authors propose an algorithm that uses morphological geodesic active contour and image processing techniques to perform segmentation and assess the performance of a robot used to manufacture welding beads. The algorithm has four parameters which are pre‐processed images, balloon force, smoothing parameter, and number of iterations. To pre‐process the images, the algorithm uses an inverse Gaussian gradient operator for edge detection and applies the histogram equalization method to level the distribution. To detect the external contour of the bead, the level set is initialized as the region of interest whereby a balloon force can inflate or deflate towards the edges. To smoothen the contour, a smoothing parameter is applied to convert the jagged lines into a curve over a reasonable number of iterations. Based on the experimental results, the authors’ algorithm used a fixed balloon force of −2, a smoothing parameter value of 4, and 40 iterations to segment images obtained from three different environments. The computation time for the segmentation and evaluation of one image was 0.70, 0.61, and 0.67 s for datasets with high brightness, low brightness, and normal brightness, respectively. Additionally, the authors’ proposed algorithm achieved an outstanding performance of 0.9954, 0.9843, 0.9892, and 0.9435 in terms of recall, precision, F‐measure, and IOU, respectively. To justify the performance of the authors’ proposed algorithm, the authors compared it with the existing algorithms and found that it worked better than all the others for segmentation, although it lagged behind the entropy‐based algorithm in terms of speed.
Rotational freedom thin‐film solar cell using a reconfigurable nano‐antenna with 4‐Dimethyl‐Amino‐N‐methyl‐4‐Stilbazolium Tosylate
Authors: Shameli Mohammad Ali , Eskandari Mohammad Reza , Safian Reza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed a new method to realize the rotational freedom of thin‐film solar cells. In this method, an array of reconfigurable nano‐patches fed by a plasmonic waveguide is integrated inside the solar cell to receive and trap light in the active layer. The reconfigurable nano‐antenna is designed to achieve beam steering by bias voltage in the direction of sunlight during the day using 4‐Dimethyl‐Amino‐N‐methyl‐4‐Stilbazolium Tosylate as an active electro‐optic material integrated into the plasmonic waveguide. The proposed solar cell is investigated using the finite‐difference frequency‐domain method and the drift‐diffusion equations of COMSOL Multiphysics software at different wavelengths of light and a wide range of angles of incidence for transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations. The numerical results show increase in the absorption in large wavelengths of sunlight for the thin‐film solar cell with nano‐antenna, resulting in a short circuit current enhancement of 1.48 and 1.45 for TE and TM polarisations, respectively. Also, another advantage of the proposed reconfigurable structure is maintaining the performance in different angles of incidence, which may open up a new opportunity in solar energy harvesting.
Interstellar detection and chemical modeling of iso-propanol and its normal isomer
Authors: Belloche A. , Garrod R. T. , Zingsheim O. , Müller H. S. P. , Menten K. M. 
Published: April 2022

Context.The detection of a branched alkyl molecule in the high-mass star forming protocluster Sagittarius (Sgr) B2(N) permitted by the advent of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) revealed a new dimension of interstellar chemistry. Astrochemical simulations subsequently predicted that beyond a certain degree of molecular complexity, branched molecules could even dominate over their straight-chain isomers.Aims.More generally, we aim to probe further the presence in the interstellar medium of complex organic molecules with the capacity to exhibit both a normal and iso form, via the attachment of a functional group to either a primary or secondary carbon atom. Methods. We used the imaging spectral line survey ReMoCA performed with ALMA at high angular resolution and the results of a recent spectroscopic study of propanol to search for the iso and normal isomers of this molecule in the hot molecular core Sgr B2(N2). We analyzed the interferometric spectra under the assumption of local thermodynamical equilibrium. We expanded the network of the astrochemical model MAGICKAL to explore the formation routes of propanol and put the observational results in a broader astrochemical context.Results.We report the first interstellar detection of iso-propanol, ¿-C3H7OH, toward a position of Sgr B2(N2) that shows narrow linewidths. We also report the first secure detection of the normal isomer of propanol, n-C3H7OH, in a hot core. Iso-propanol is found to be nearly as abundant as normal-propanol, with an abundance ratio of 0.6 which is similar to the ratio of 0.4 that we obtained previously for iso- and normal-propyl cyanide in Sgr B2(N2) at lower angular resolution with our previous ALMA survey, EMoCA. The observational results are in good agreement with the outcomes of our astrochemical models, which indicate that the OH-radical addition to propylene in dust-grain ice mantles, driven by water photodissociation, can produce appropriate quantities of normal- and iso-propanol. The normal-to-iso ratio in Sgr B2(N2) may be a direct inheritance of the branching ratio of this reaction process.Conclusions.The detection of normal- and iso-propanol and their ratio indicate that the modest preference for the normal form of propyl cyanide determined previously may be a more general feature among similarly sized interstellar molecules. Detecting other pairs of interstellar organic molecules with a functional group attached either to a primary or secondary carbon may help in pinning down the processes that dominate in setting their normal-to-iso ratios. Butanol and its isomers would be the next obvious candidates in the alcohol family, but their detection in hot cores will be challenging.
Le transfert comme tentative de nouage
Authors: Bauza Barbara Santana 
Published: April 2022

Peut-on penser la clinique de l’exil et du traumatisme en s’appuyant sur l’image spéculaire du corps, autrement dit la réactivation des enjeux du stade de miroir, dans une dimension borroméenne ? La rencontre avec l’irreprésentable de la mort peut s’accompagner pour certaines personnes d’une déliaison du nom, de l’image et de l’objet, déliaison Réel-Symbolique-Imaginaire qui imprègne fortement la symptomatologie traumatique.Les signifiants qui émergent dans le transfert sont les premiers supports d’une tentative de liaison et de nouage pour un sujet marqué par des vécus d’effrois, des effractions, des processus de déshumanisation et de désaffiliation. Les mots qui nomment ce vécu sous un regard singulier de reconnaissance subjective viennent ici donner une certaine consistance à l’image spéculaire du corps. Le récit permet de sortir du silence et d’ouvrir la porte à la circulation de signifiants pour s’extraire de l’emprise du réel du vécu.
Consensus Conference 2021/2022: Physical and Rehabilitative
Medicine – Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options
Authors: Best Norman , Seidel Egbert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 2021/2022 consensus conference covered the entire field of
physical and rehabilitative medicine. In this first part, the results of the
consensus conference with regard to physical medicine are presented. Aspects
of this area of the specialty are presented comprehensively.
Effect of Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness in Overweight or
Obese Populations
Authors: Gong Lijing , Liu Yujia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose was to analyze the effects of exercise training (ET) on arterial
stiffness in all-age overweight or obese individuals. Sixty-one trials were
included with ET improving flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity
(PWV), and intima-media thickness (IMT). In the subgroup analysis: (i) ET
improved FMD in overweight or obese children and adolescents with a large effect
size (SMD=0.83, 95% CI 0.42–1.25). PWV was decreased
after ET regardless of age. IMT was decreased by ET in participants younger than
60, (ii) ET improved FMD, PWV, and IMT in participants whose BMI were smaller
than 30 kg/m2, but ET only improved PWV of
participants whose BMI were larger than 30 kg/m2.
(iii) AE improved FMD, PWV, and IMT. High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
decreased IMT. (iv) The increase of FMD only happened when training duration was
longer than eight weeks. However, ET decreased PWV when the training duration
was no longer than 12 weeks. IMT was decreased when the training duration was
longer than eight weeks. ET instigated an improvement in endothelial function
and arterial stiffness in overweight or obese populations, but depending on the
different characteristics of exercise intervention and participants’
demographics.
Factors Associated with Medication Adherence to Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics: Results from the STAR Network Depot Study
Authors: Aguglia Andrea , Fusar-Poli Laura , Natale Antimo , Amerio Andrea , Espa Irene , Villa Veronica , Martinotti Giovanni , Carrà Giuseppe , Bartoli Francesco , D’Agostino Armando , Serafini Gianluca , Amore Mario , Aguglia Eugenio , Ostuzzi Giovanni , Barbui Corrado 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics are prescribed to people with severe psychiatric disorders who show poor adherence to oral medication. The present paper examined factors potentially associated with medication adherence to LAI treatment.Methods The STAR (Servizi Territoriali Associati per la Ricerca) Network Depot Study was a multicenter, observational, prospective study that enrolled 461 subjects initiating a LAI from 32 Italian centers. After 6 and 12 months of treatment, we evaluated differences between participants with high (≥5 points) and low (<5 points) medication adherence using Kemp’s 7-point scale in sociodemographic, clinical, psychopathological, and drug-related variables. Factors that differed significantly between the two groups were entered for multivariate logistic regression.Results Six months after enrollment, participants with high medication adherence were younger, living with other people, had lower Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total scores, lower adverse events, and a more positive attitude toward medication than participants with low adherence. Multivariate regression confirmed lower BPRS resistance and activation scores, absence of adverse events, and positive attitude toward medication as factors significantly associated with good adherence. After 12 months, all BPRS subscales were significantly lower in the high adherence group, which also showed a more positive attitude toward medication. BPRS resistance and attitude toward medication were confirmed as factors associated with medication adherence.Discussion Our findings suggest that adherence to LAI is principally related to attitude toward medication and traits of suspiciousness/hostility. Quality of patient-clinician relationship and tailored psychoeducational strategies may positively affect adherence in people undergoing psychopharmacological treatment, including LAI.
Behandlung des Spannungspneumothorax im Kindesalter – macht Spezialisierung den Unterschied?
Authors: Terboven Tom , Otto Matthias , Eimer Christine , Seewald Stephan , Rudolph Marcus , Hoffmann Florian , Viergutz Tim , Reifferscheid Florian 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Aus dem Vergleich der bestehenden Erfahrungen von Kindernotärzten und Nichtkindernotärzten sollen Rückschlüsse auf das optimale Vorgehen am Einsatzort und auf
mögliche Ausbildungsschwerpunkte gezogen werden.
Methodik Die Datenerhebung erfolgte anhand eines Online-Fragebogens.
Ergebnisse Die Kindernotärzte hatten häufiger bereits eine Thoraxdekompression beim Kind durchgeführt (67,7% vs. 14,4%, p < 0,001), wählten im Falle einer Drainageanlage häufiger
Punktionsdrainagen (< 1 Jahr: p = 0,02; 5 Jahre: p = 0,003; 10 Jahre: p = 0,04) und im Falle einer Mini-Thorakotomie häufiger die Präparation mittels Schere oder Klemme (< 1 Jahr:
p = 0,01; 5 Jahre: p = 0,04; 10 Jahre: p = 0,64).
Schlussfolgerung Zwischen den beiden Gruppen bestehen signifikante Unterschiede in Bezug auf die gemachte Erfahrung und das gewählte Vorgehen, aus denen Rückschlüsse auf
Ausbildungsinhalte und möglicherweise auch Empfehlungen für das praktische Vorgehen gezogen werden können.
Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of CF3-Substituted Chiral sp3 Carbon Centers
Authors: Hirano Koji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDue to the unique steric and electronic nature of the fluorine atom, organofluorine compounds have received significant attention in the fields of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In particular, the CF3 group is frequently found in biologically active compounds. However, compared to aryl- and alkenyl-CF3-containing molecules, the construction of sp3 carbon-based alkyl-CF3-containing molecules, particularly via catalytic enantioselective synthesis, remains a considerable challenge in spite of their high potential in medicinal applications. This short review focuses on recent advances in this research area, and the reported strategies are categorized according to reaction types and starting substrates. In addition, chiral catalysts, substrate scope, and reaction mechanisms are briefly summarized. 1	Introduction2	Stereoselective Introduction of a CF3 Group2.1	Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyls and Imines2.2	Electrophilic Substitution at the α Position of Carbonyls2.3	Allylic Nucleophilic Substitution3	Stereoselective Functionalization of CF3-Substituted Molecules3.1	Electrophilic Substitution of α-CF3 Carbonyls3.2	Substitution of α-Halo CF3 Compounds3.3	Addition-Type Reactions with CF3-Substituted Alkenes4	Conclusion and Outlook
Electrochemical Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones for the Synthesis of Alcohols and Diols under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Xiao , Yang Chao , Guo Lin , Xia Raymond Yang , Xia Wujiong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA sustainable, practical, and direct strategy for the reduction of carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes and ketones, by an electrochemical pathway is presented, affording a variety of alcohols or diols as major products with decent yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the air at ambient temperatures with DABCO as the sacrificial reductant. Mechanistic studies revealed that direct electrochemical reduction followed by either protonation or radical–radical homocoupling is the main pathway.
Synthesis of Multisubstituted Benzenes from Phenols via Multisubstituted Benzynes
Authors: Yoshida Suguru , Nagai Akira , Kobayashi Akihiro , Sakata Yuki , Minami Yasunori , Uchida Keisuke , Hosoya Takamitsu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new method to synthesize multifunctionalized arenes from simple phenols through aryne intermediates is described. Multisubstituted aryne precursors were prepared from phenols by Ir-catalyzed C–H borylation, deborylthiolation, O-triflylation, S-oxidation, and further modification through ortho-deprotonation directed by the sulfoxide moiety. Various multisubstituted arenes were synthesized by transformations of highly functionalized aryne intermediates generated from the o-sulfinylaryl triflates.
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Anthropometry for Assessment of Nutritional Status at Diagnosis in Children with Cancer: A Single-Center Experience from India
Authors: Priyanka Soni , Sandeep Jain , Gauri Kapoor , Gayatri Vishwakarma 
Published: April 2022

Background The survival of children with cancer has improved owing to advances in chemotherapy and better supportive care, and nutritional support is an important component of the latter especially in low- and middle-income countries like India.
Materials and Methods A prospective observational study of 137 newly diagnosed children with cancer aged less than 18 years was planned. Nutritional assessment was done using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), anthropometry, and serum albumin. Patients were followed for 3 months for assessment of treatment-related morbidity.
Results Lean body mass (LBM; DXA), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and body mass index detected undernutrition in 44, 45, and 14% patients, respectively. Combination of arm anthropometry (MUAC and triceps skinfold thickness) with serum albumin categorized patients as adequately nourished (32%), moderately depleted (18%), and severely depleted (49%). Patients with hematological malignancy had a higher prevalence of undernutrition but there was no difference in morbidities between the undernourished and adequately nourished children by any parameter. Hypoalbuminemia observed in 25% patients was associated with significant chemotherapy delays (p, 0.01) and interval admissions (p, 0.03). Using LBM as a criterion, linear regression analysis revealed MUAC (R
2 = 0.681) as the best predictor of undernutrition with lowest standard error.
Conclusion Our study reports undernutrition among two-fifths of newly diagnosed patients of childhood cancer associated with high prevalence of sarcopenia and adiposity. These findings are of utmost clinical relevance in planning interventional strategies.