bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the mechanism and process of EDM of polycrystalline diamond
Authors: Jiang Meng , Li Li , Sun Xumin , Wang Wencheng , Liu Zaichao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Traditional electric discharge machining (EDM) uses the copper electrode to machine polycrystalline diamond (PCD), and the machining efficiency and machining quality have been poor. To improve the machining efficiency and machining quality, this study uses white copper as the electrode to machine the surface of the PCD workpiece and adds graphene powder to the dielectric for mixed powder EDM. The surface properties and processing mechanism of PCD under different processing methods were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy, and the surface quality and processing efficiency of PCD were analyzed by material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). The results showed that the MRR of the white copper electrode increased by 65% compared with that of the purple copper electrode at low parameters, and the MRR increased again by 87% after adding graphene, and the SR decreased by 13%. The graphitization of PCD diamond processed by the white copper electrode was greater than that of the purple copper electrode by Raman spectroscopy and XRD analysis, and the addition of graphene increased the graphitization again. The results show that when processing with copper electrode, the way of processing PCD is mainly to remove the binder, and the effect of processing diamond particles is not obvious; when processing with white copper electrode, making diamond graphitization is the main removal method, and after adding graphene in the dielectric, the removal method changes to a combination of diamond graphitization and high discharge energy removal.
Human Mobility and Medical Costs of Lifestyle-related Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kato Haruka , Takizawa Atsushi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Japan, increasing medical costs associated with the aging of the population is a significant concern. A large proportion of medical costs are related to lifestyle-related diseases. The pandemic forced people to reduce their mobility and worsened health. This study aims to clarify the correlation between the change in human mobility types and medical costs of lifestyle-related diseases during the pandemic. It was found that increasing walking is essential to reduce the medical cost of lifestyle-related diseases even during the COVID-19 pandemic. In detail, in the metropolitan prefectures, the medical costs decreased by increasing mobility of walking from 60% to 150%. In addition, in the other prefectures, the medical costs decreased by increasing mobility of walking from 70% to 170%. The results were significant because they indicate the target value for each human mobility type in metropolitan and other prefectures. Based on the target values, governments could promote mobility of walking and public transit use.
Willingness-to-pay for shared demand responsive transit service in remote rural areas
Authors: Liang Jyun-Kai , Lu Chung-Cheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractShared Demand-Responsive Transit Service (SDRTS) is widely promoted around the world to meet mobility needs of remote rural areas with low passenger demand from the sparse and spatially scattered population. This study explored the fare that potential SDRTS users are willing to pay by analyzing empirical evidence from two townships in Taiwan. The potential users included both local residents and tourists. Contingent valuation with triple-bounded dichotomous choices for two scenario designs was used for willingness-to-pay (WTP) assessment. Results obtained revealed that WTP for SDRTS among local residents was influenced by socio-economic factors including gender, age, average income and prior experience. Moreover, those who considered driving safety important are willing to pay more for SDRTS while those with great concern for fare have lower WTP. As for tourists, age and waiting time are more influential factors on their WTP. Prices estimated using linear and interval regression analyses were similar. However, tourists were found willing to pay more for SDRTS than local residents, indicating different fares can be charged for the two user groups. The present findings can serve as reference in SDRTS pricing.
EBV LMP1-C terminal binding affibody molecule downregulates MEK/ERK/p90RSK pathway and inhibits the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in mouse tumor xenograft models
Authors: Guo Yanru , Kamara Saidu , Zhang Jing , Wen He , Zheng Maolin , Liu Ying , Zhou Luqi , Chen Jun , Zhu Shanli , Zhang Lifang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated malignancy most common in Southern China and Southeast Asia. In southern China, it is one of the major causes of cancer-related death. Despite improvement in radiotherapy and chemotherapy techniques, locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis remains the major causes for failure of treatment in NPC patients. Therefore, finding new specific drug targets for treatment interventions are urgently needed. Here, we report three potential ZLMP1−C affibody molecules (ZLMP1−C15, ZLMP1−C114 and ZLMP1−C277) that showed specific binding interactions for recombinant and native EBV LMP1 as determined by epitope mapping, co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The ZLMP1−C affibody molecules exhibited high antitumor effects on NPC-positive cell lines and displayed minimal cytotoxicity towards NPC-negative cell line. Moreover, ZLMP1−C277 showed higher antitumor efficacy than ZLMP1−C15 and ZLMP1−C114 affibody molecules. The ability of ZLMP1−C277 decrease the phosphorylation levels of up-stream activator phospho-Raf-1(Ser338), phospho-MEK1/2(Ser217/Ser221), phospho-ERK1/2(Thr202/Thr204), thereby leading to downstream suppression of phospho-p90RSK(Ser380) and transcription factor c-Fos. Importantly, tumor growth was reduced in tumor-bearing mice treated with ZLMP1−C277 and caused no apparent toxicity. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that ZLMP1−C277 as a promising therapeutic agent in EBV-associated NPC.
Bilateral upper eyelid swelling (Hoagland sign) in Epstein-Barr infectious mononucleosis: prospective experience
Authors: Bronz Gabriel , Zanetti Benedetto P. E. S. M. , Bianchetti Mario G. , Milani Gregorio P. , Lava Sebastiano A. G. , Neuhaus Thomas J. , Witschi Anne , Kottanattu Lisa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background: The typical presentation of Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis includes fever, pharyngitis, measles-like rash, jaundice, and enlarged lymph nodes, liver, or spleen. A painless bilateral swelling of the upper eyelid, sometimes with drooping of the lateral aspect, may also occur. This sign, referred to as Hoagland sign, is not or only marginally mentioned in reviews and textbooks.Methods: Between 2019 and 2021, two of us evaluated all subjects with a positive acute Epstein-Barr virus serology for the typical signs of mononucleosis and for the possible existence of the Hoagland sign.Results: During the mentioned period, the diagnosis of mononucleosis was made in 26 (14 females and 12 males) subjects aged from 9.0 to 33 years. The initial presentation included fever in 24, enlarged cervical lymph nodes in 23, pharyngitis in 21, a palpable liver in seven, a palpable spleen in seven, jaundice in two, and a measles-like rash in two cases. The Hoagland sign was noted in 14 cases. Patients with and without Hoagland sign did not significantly differ with respect to age and sex.Conclusions: The Hoagland sign is an easily identifiable clinical sign that is common and likely helpful early in the course of Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. There is a need to expand awareness of this sign among physicians.
A climatology of Black Carbon properties in the Arctic, from a decade of spring and summertime aircraft measurements
Authors: Juranyi Zsofia , Zanatta Marco , Lund Marianne , Samset Bjørn , Skeie Ragnhild , Sharma Sangeeta , Herber Andreas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A key driving factor behind rapid Arctic climate change is black carbon (BC), the atmospheric aerosol that most efficiently absorbs sunlight. Our knowledge about BC properties and distribution in the Arctic is scarce, and mainly limited to long-term measurements of a few ground stations and snap-shots by aircraft observations. Here, we combine observations from aircraft campaigns performed over nine years, and present a vertically resolved climatology of average BC properties. Model calculations indicate that these geographically restricted measurements could be well representative for the European and Canadian Arctic. A factor of 4 higher BC mass concentration, and a much higher inter-annual and geographic variability was found in spring compared to the stable situation in summer. Unexpectedly, the BC particle size distributions remain constant between seasons. A comparison between observations and BC concentrations simulated by a global model shows notable discrepancies, highlighting the need for further model developments and intensified measurements.
Characterization of streak development for boundary layer transition caused by isolated and distributed roughness
Authors: Joseph Robin , Kumar P. Phani , Diwan Sourabh S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, we characterize the early stages of transition in a flat-plate boundary layer caused by two types of surface roughness: distributed roughness (a strip of 24-grit emery) and isolated roughness (a cylindrical element). Towards this, we carry out extensive particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The distributed roughness consists of a range of grit heights and introduces a broad range of disturbances downstream of it. In the pre-transitional region, both isolated and distributed roughness cause steady streaks, which for the latter case show a lack of spanwise symmetry. This is in contrast to the freestream turbulence (FST), which introduces unsteady streaks in the pre-transitional boundary layer. We propose tilting of spanwise vortices downstream of the distributed roughness to be the mechanism for generation of streamwise vortices, which are likely precursors to the onset of transition. For both the roughness configurations, the steady streaks develop instability resulting in localized streak breakdowns. The wall-normal PIV visualizations show streak instability features qualitatively similar to those for the FST-induced transition. For the distributed roughness, both the outer instability of lifted-up streaks and the inner instability due to streak interaction are present, whereas for the isolated roughness, the inner instability is dominant while the outer instability is much weaker. Conditional sampling of fluctuating velocity shows an asymmetry in the positive and negative fluctuations after the onset of transition, in a manner similar to that observed for the FST-induced transition. These observations suggest that the wall-normal distribution of unsteady velocity fluctuations in the early stages of transition is qualitatively similar irrespective of the source of disturbance (roughness/FST) causing transition. We expect that this commonality of features among different types of transition will be helpful in modelling flow over aerodynamic surfaces such as turbine blades and aircraft wings.
Technique and results of robotic VVF repair with AINU technique of limited transverse cystotomy
Authors: Chiruvella Mallikarjuna , ghouse Syed mohammed , pallagani Likhiteswer , wani Amish , adapala Rajesh reddy , Taif Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) being the most common type of urinary tract fistula, the gold standard technique opens the bladder at a higher point and continuing this opening up to the fistula tract via a longitudinal cystotomy (O’Connor technique). We propose a modified approach which involves a limited transverse cystotomy of bladder, having distinct advantages compared to sagittal cystotomy. Materials and methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained hospital records of all patients who underwent robotic assisted VVF repair with this technique in AINU Hyderabad from May 2017 to may 2022 . We excluded malignant/post-radiation VVF and associated uretero-vaginal fistula. A single surgeon operated on all patients. Intraoperatively the location of fistula, operative time, blood loss, peri operative complications, hospital stay, date of drain removal were maintained. Patients were followed till date Results :Total of 47 patients were included in the study, mean age of presentation was 43.3±6.2 years. The most common cause of fistula was hysterectomy (41 patients). Majority were supratrigonal fistulas (39 patients). 28.5% of the patients had history of at least one previously failed VVF repair. In the median duration of follow up of 38 months - 2 patient had clavien dindo type 3b complication, 10 patients had clavien dindo type 2 complication. Conclusion:Our modified technique of transverse cystotomy is a safe and feasible option for VVF repair with many advantages as described. Provides excellent results in terms of success rate and post-operative complications.
The “home-based exercise for BrEast and prostate caNcEr patients during treatment - a FeasIbility Trial” (BENEFIT CA Trial): rationale and methodological protocol.
Authors: Silva Larissa Xavier Neves da , Leite Jayne Santos , Ignacio Andresa Conrado , Pfeifer Lucinéia Orsolin , Cardoso Linda Ariene dos Santos , Alano Tainá Silveira , Umpierre Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Physical activity promotes benefits regarding adjuvant cancer therapy. Although exercise interventions may be applied in several settings, most trials involve participants going to specific facilities to engage in interventions. However, such approaches tend to restrict the access to people living nearby exercise centers, also reducing the assessment of real-world effectiveness. Therefore, evaluating the feasibility and implementation of home-based models of exercise training, especially in low-to-middle income settings, may inform future physical activity trials and programs. We herein present the protocol for the BENEFIT CA trial, with its’ goal to assess the implementation of a remote exercise intervention for patients with breast cancer or prostate cancer, primarily aiming to quantify adherence to an exercise program.
Methods
This study consists of a 12-week non-randomized, single arm, feasibility trial assessing a home-based exercise training, remotely guided, without a restricted follow-up, as well as an educational component, about cancer and exercise. Forty patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 40 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, both being under active hormonal treatment, are being recruited. The primary outcome is the level of adherence, indicated as the proportion of performed exercise episodes. Secondary outcomes are related to recruitment rates, fatigue and quality of life scores, and functional capacity assessments. Throughout the study, adverse events will be accounted for. Because this is a feasibility trial, the statistical analysis plan is based on descriptive statistics, which encompasses an intention-to-treat analysis and a plan for handling missing data.
Discussion
This is a low cost feasibility study to orient the design of a wide range, pragmatic phase-three trial based on remote exercise intervention. With this study, we aim to better understand the adherence and implementation strategies regarding home-based exercise for the proposed population and, in the near future, move forward to a randomized clinical trial. In addition, this trial may contribute to engage patients with cancer to exercise programs throughout their treatment and beyond.
Trial registration: this trial has been approved by the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Ethics Committee/IRB (48869621.9.0000.5327) and registered at the Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05258526), registered on 25 February of 2022, prior to the beginning of the study, prior to the beginning of the study.
Keywords: feasibility; home-based; physical activity; exercise; cancer.
Relationship Between an Explosive Force at the Right Time and the Loading Rate When Landing
Authors: Sugiyama Kyoji , Fuchioka Satoshi , Kimura Yoshinori , Iwata Akira , Nakata Ken , Mae Tatsuo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Sports injuries are strongly associated with the impact loading at landing. The ability to produce force and adjust the timing are simultaneously required for absorbing the impact loading.
Aims
Hence, we aimed to examine the hypothesis that the ability to produce explosive force at the right timing is related to the ability to absorb the impact loading at landing.
Methods
Twenty-nine healthy young men volunteered to participate in the study. We proposed a new test to measure the rate of force development (RFD) in accordance with the countdown signal. To evaluate the ability to produce explosive force at the right time, we measured the rate of change between the RFD at the standard start signal and the RFD at the countdown signal. Furthermore, to evaluate the ability to land from a jump, we measured the loading rate at single-leg drop landing (20 cm).
Results
We divided the participants into two groups based on the timing effect: the positive group (participants with increased RFD at the countdown signal, n = 11) and the negative group (participants with decreased RFD at the countdown signal, n = 18). The loading rate was significantly greater (P < .01) in the negative group (47.4 ± 11.2 body weight (BW)/s) than in the positive group (34.7 ± 7.1 BW/s).
Conclusions
Participants with increased RFD at the countdown signal had a lower loading rate at landing. Our results suggest that the ability to produce a timely explosive force may be a determinant of safe landing ability.
Retrospective analysis of drug resistance characteristics and infection related risk factors of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) isolated from the orthopedics department of a tertiary hospital
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Guo Runsheng , Zhang Bi , Xie Banglin , Hu Niya , Zhou Song , Zhang Bin , Lai Qi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are known to exhibit longer hospital stays and a significantly poorer prognosis. We performed a 6-year retrospective analysis of nosocomial infections reported in the orthopedics department of our institution, to gain valuable insights into antibiotic sensitivity and infectivity characteristics of MDROs, in order to deduce effective measures to control the occurrence of multidrug-resistant infections in clinical practice.
Methods
All relevant data, including basic patient information, cultivated bacterial strains, and antimicrobial resistance, was obtained from the Hospital Information Warehouse.
Results
A total of 1392 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated; 358 belonged to MDROs (detection rate = 25.7%). All the isolated strains of MDROs were mostly from secretions (52.2%). The number of cases infected with MDROs were 144 (40.2%) and 129 (36.0%) in the trauma and spinal wards, respectively. MRSA showed high resistance to β lactam antibiotics, but was sensitive to quinolone antibiotics, linezolid and cotrimoxazole. ESBL-positive strains showed more sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics (< 10%). MDR nonfermenters showed high resistance to most antibiotics. Logistic multivariate analysis revealed age, open injury, and central nervous system injury as independent risk factors for multidrug resistant infections.
Conclusions
A high antibiotic resistance rate and an increasing prevalence of infections with MDROs was identified in the orthopedics department. Patients with open injury, central nervous system injury and those aged ≥ 60 years, were more prone to multidrug-resistant infections. Clinicians should pay more attention to such patients in order to actively prevent and control the occurrence of infections caused by MDROs.
Evaluation of a Tannin-based Herbal Formulation (Artemisia Annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium Sativum) Against Coccidiosis in Broilers
Authors: Ghaniei Abolfazl , Ghafouri Seyed Ali , Sadr Soheil , Amiri Amir Ali , Tavanaee Amir Ebrahim Tamannaei , Charbgoo Ali , Ghiassi Shakila , Dianat Behnoush 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is considered among the infectious disease of high costs in the poultry industry. Herbal extracts are safe and reliable substitute anticoccidial drugs for chemical feed additives as they don’t sequel to drug resistance and tissue remnants. The purpose of the current study was to assess the anticoccidial effect of an herbal complex of 3 plants (Artemisia Annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium Sativum) in broiler chickens in comparison with toltrazuril anticoccidial. One hundred twenty broiler chickens were used in this experiment and divided into 4 equally numbered groups. All the groups, except group (D), were experimentally infected whit mixed Eimeria spp. (E. Tenella, E. maxima, E. necatrix and E. brunetti) on day 14. Group (A), was treated whit an herbal mixture. Group (B), was treated whit Toltrazuril. Group (C), was experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. But they didn’t have any treatment, this group was our positive control, as expected, this group had the poorest results and more mortality than other groups. Group (D), wasn't infected and was healthy all the experiment period, this was our negative control. Performance indices, fecal oocyst excretion, and intestinal lesion score were determined during the experiment. Treatment with an herbal complex significantly reduced the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with Eimeria spp. at a level that was comparable with toltrazuril. In summary, the anticoccidial activity of the mentioned herbal complex recommends its use as an alternative anticoccidial agent to chemotherapeutic drugs for controlling coccidiosis.
Model based fitting of high-resolution rifampicin time series data and similarity-based segmentation sheds light on the complexity of transcription
Authors: Georg Jens , Wanney Walja , Youssar Loubna , Kostova Gergana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bacterial gene expression is regulated and tuned via multiple means. Using stochastic simulations and experimental data from four different organisms, we show that a consequent rethinking of the classic rifampicin time-series analyses can help to uncover most of the processes that steer transcription, i.e. operon structures, (internal) start sites, (partial) termination sites, differential operon decay, transcript stabilities and elongation rates. To enable the comprehensive and reproducible analysis of such data we developed the broadly applicable R package ‘rifi’. We also provide evidence that rifampicin data can be used to detect transcriptional pausing sites and show that transcriptional interference via the collision of sense and antisense transcription is a hitherto underestimated mechanism for bacterial gene regulation.