bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open-Label, Multicenter Study of Flecainide Acetate Oral Inhalation Solution for Acute Conversion of Recent-Onset, Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation to Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Crijns Harry J.G.M. , Elvan Arif , Al-Windy Nadea , Tuininga Ype S. , Badings Erik , Aksoy Ismail , Van Gelder Isabelle C. , Madhavapeddi Prashanti , Camm A. John , Kowey Peter R. , Ruskin Jeremy N. , Belardinelli Luiz ,   the INSTANT Investigators*
Published: February 2022

Background:
Oral and intravenous flecainide is recommended for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. In this open-label, dose-escalation study, the feasibility of delivering flecainide via oral inhalation (flecainide acetate inhalation solution) for acute conversion was evaluated. We hypothesized that flecainide delivered by oral inhalation would quickly reach plasma concentrations sufficient to restore sinus rhythm in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation.

Methods:
Patients (n=101) with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (for ≤48 hours) self administered flecainide acetate inhalation solution using a nebulizer (30 mg [n=10], 60 mg [n=22], 90 mg [n=21], 120 mg [n=19], and 120 mg in a formulation containing saccharin [n=29]). Electrocardiograms and flecainide plasma concentrations were obtained, cardiac rhythm using 4-hour Holter was monitored, and adverse events were recorded.

Results:
Conversion rates increased with dose and with the maximum plasma concentrations of flecainide. At the highest dose, 48% of patients converted to sinus rhythm within 90 minutes from the start of inhalation. Among patients who achieved a maximum plasma concentration >200 ng/mL, the conversion rate within 90 minutes was 50%; for those who achieved a maximum plasma concentration <200 ng/mL, it was 24%. Conversion was rapid (median time to conversion of 8.1 minutes from the end of inhalation), and conversion led to symptom resolution in 86% of the responders. Adverse events were typically mild and transient and included: cough, throat pain, throat irritation; at the highest dose with the formulation containing saccharin, these adverse events were reported by 41%, 14%, and 3% of patients, respectively. Cardiac adverse events consistent with those observed with oral and intravenous flecainide were uncommon and included postconversion pauses (n=2), bradycardia (n=1), and atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction (n=1); none required treatment, and all resolved without sequelae.

Conclusions:
Administration of flecainide via oral inhalation was shown to be safe and to yield plasma concentrations of flecainide sufficient to restore sinus rhythm in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03539302.
Validation of MyDiagnostick tool to identify atrial fibrillation in a multi-ethnic Asian population
Authors: Yeo Colin , Mon Aye Aye , Tan Vern Hsen , Wong Kelvin 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
MyDiagnostick is an atrial fibrillation (AF) screening tool that has been validated in the Caucasian population in the primary care setting.

Methods:
In our study, we compared MyDiagnostick with manual pulse check for AF screening in the community setting.

Results:
In our cohort of 671 candidates from a multi-ethnic Asian population, AF prevalence was found to be 1.78%. Of 12 candidates, 6 (50.0%) had a previous history of AF and another 6 (50.0%) were newly diagnosed with AF. Candidates found to have AF during the screening were older (72.0 ± 11.7 years vs. 56.0 ± 13.0 years, P < 0.0001) and had a higher CHADSVASC risk score (2.9 ± 1.5 vs. 1.5 ± 1.1, P = 0.0001). MyDiagnostick had a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 96.2%. In comparison, manual pulse check had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 98.9%.

Conclusion:
MyDiagnostick is a simple AF screening device that can be reliably used by non-specialist professionals in the community setting. Its sensitivity and specificity are comparable and validated across various studies performed in different population cohorts.
Jesus Against the Forces of Death
Authors: Runesson Anders 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Thiessen’s book is a systematic attempt at making obsolete an entire research paradigm, which has portrayed Jesus and the gospels as targeting for eradication the Jewish purity system itself, understood as an oppressive social mechanism with which the elite controlled the masses, rather than these texts describing a war against the impurity that this system defined and was meant to control. This essay engages this thesis.
“What a beautiful world. But is it the world we live in?”
Authors: Khazraie Marzieh , Talebzadeh Hossein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present two-phased study set out to identify simplified and non-simplified sources of input popular among learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) and to compare and contrast the manifestations of impoliteness strategies and responses to them in such resources. First, a rather comprehensive survey conducted among 250 adult EFL learners revealed that English TV series and movies of comedy and crime genres were the most popular non-simplified sources of input, while the popular simplified sources were American English File and Interchange ELT textbooks. Then, the results of our in-depth qualitative-quantitative, comparative, macro- and micro-analysis (adopting a variety of stringent incivility frameworks) indicated there were noticeable quantitative and/or qualitative differences in (re-)presenting face-threatening acts between the two sources. Generally, while EFL learners are not judiciously familiarized with various impoliteness strategies and their responses in the textbooks, they are almost bombarded with them through their favourite media. Underlining the inherent instructional and motivational impact of both language input sources and the possible detrimental bearing of underrepresentation and/or overrepresentation of impoliteness for the learners’ pragmatic competence, the study concludes with a discussion of our findings’ implications for stake-holders including language learners and education specialists.
William Sharp and “Fiona Macleod”
Authors: Halloran William F. 
Published: February 2022

William Sharp (1855-1905) conducted one of the most audacious literary deceptions of his or any time. A Scottish poet, novelist, biographer, and editor, he began in 1893 to write critically and commercially successful books under the name Fiona Macleod who became far more than a pseudonym. Enlisting his sister to provide the Macleod handwriting, he used the voluminous Fiona correspondence to fashion a distinctive personality for a talented, but remote and publicity-shy woman. Sometimes she was his cousin and other times his lover, and whenever suspicions arose, he vehemently denied he was Fiona. For more than a decade he duped not only the general public but such literary luminaries as George Meredith, Thomas Hardy, Henry James, William Butler Yeats, and E. C. Stedman.
Drawing extensively on his letters, his wife Elizabeth Sharp’s Memoir, and accounts by friends and associates, this biography provides a lucid and intimate account of William Sharp’s life, from his rejection of the dour religion of his Scottish boyhood, his turn to spiritualism, to his role in the Scottish Celtic Revival in the mid-nineties. The biography illuminates his wide network of close male and female friendships, through which he developed advanced ideas about the place of women in society, the constraints of marriage, the fluidity of gender identity, and the complexity of the human psyche. Uniquely this biography reveals the autobiographical content of the writings of Fiona Macleod, the remarkable extent to which Sharp used the feminine pseudonym to disguise his telling and retelling the complex story of his extramarital love affair with a beautiful and brilliant woman.
The biography illuminates not only the talented and conflicted William Sharp, but also the cultural landscape of Great Britain in the late-nineteenth century. From late Pre-Raphaelitism through the "yellow nineties” and on to the excesses of the early twentieth century, Sharp dabbled in all the movements that comprised what some have called the Age of Decadence.
Hurricane Hazards, Evacuations, and Sheltering: Evacuation Decision-Making in the Prevaccine Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the PRVI Region
Authors: Collins Jennifer , Polen Amy , Dunn Elizabeth , Maas Leslie , Ackerson Erik , Valmond Janis , Morales Ernesto , Colón-Burgos Delián 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although research relating to hurricane evacuation behavior and perceptions of risk has grown throughout the years, there is very little understanding of how these risks compound during a pandemic. Utilizing the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (PRVI) as a study region, this work examines risk perceptions and evacuation planning during the first hurricane season following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic before vaccines were widely available. Analyses of how people view public shelters and whether evacuation choices will change in light of COVID-19 concerns were conducted, and results reflect major changes in anticipated evacuation behavior during the 2020 hurricane season. Key findings include that over one-half of the sample considered themselves vulnerable to COVID-19. When asked about their intended actions for the 2020 hurricane season, a significant number of individuals who would have previously evacuated to a shelter said that they would choose not to during the pandemic, reflecting that public shelter usage has the potential to decrease when the decision is coupled with COVID-19 threats. In addition, individuals were shown to have a negative perception of public shelter options. Approximately one-half of the respondents had little faith in shelters’ ability to protect them, and three-quarters of respondents found the risks of enduring a hurricane to be less than those posed by public shelters. These results will inform future hazard mitigation planning during a disease outbreak or pandemic.
Changing Trends in the Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Strategies for Odontogenic Sinusitis Over the Past 10 Years
Authors: Shin Jae-Min , Kim Su-Jong , Lee Heung-Man , Park Il-Ho 
Published: February 2022

Objectives The incidence of odontogenic sinusitis has been gradually increasing due to the recent increases in invasive dental procedures. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of present patients with odontogenic sinusitis compared to the past, confirm the importance of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and analyze the predictive factors for ESS. Methods This retrospective review included all patients diagnosed with odontogenic sinusitis between January 2010 and December 2011 and between January 2019 and December 2020. The patients were classified into 2 groups (past and present) depending on the time of the first visit. The clinical characteristics and treatment modalities were compared between the two groups. In addition, among patients in the present group, we analyzed variables to identify factors contributing to the risk of undergoing ESS. Results This study included 56 patients (23 in the past group and 33 in the present group). Compared to the past group, the present group had an older mean age ( P = .001) and significantly increased iatrogenic etiologies (52.1% vs 90.9%; P = .002). The proportion of patients treated with ESS also increased in the present group compared to that in the past group (39.1% vs 66.7%; P = .041). In the present group, 11 patients (33.3%) were cured with conservative treatment, while 22 patients (66.7%) underwent additional ESS. Multivariate analysis revealed that the Lund–Mackay score was the only significant predictor of ESS (odds ratio [OR]: 14.901, P = .035). Conclusion The incidence of odontogenic sinusitis with iatrogenic etiologies has increased compared to the past. In addition, two-thirds of the patients in the present study underwent ESS, a significantly higher proportion than in the past. Therefore, ESS is one of the most important treatment modalities for odontogenic sinusitis, especially iatrogenic, in recent years. A severe Lund–Mackay score was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESS.
Lipid profile changes in patients with COVID-19 referred to medical centers in Kermanshah, Iran; a case–control study
Authors: Changaripour Shahab , Sarvazad Hosna , Barghi Maryam , Sajadi Elham , Sadeghian Mahdi Hashempour , Roozbahani Narges Eskandari 
Published: February 2022

Objective To evaluate blood lipid profiles in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to explore the association with disease severity. Methods This case–control study included patients with COVID-19, referred to two medical centers in Kermanshah, Iran (between July 2020 and December 2020), and healthy controls. Lipid profiles were evaluated in patients who were grouped according to severe (intensive care unit [ICU]), or less severe (outpatient), forms of COVID-19, and in healthy controls, and were compared among the three groups. Results A total of 132 participants were included, comprising ICU ( n = 49), outpatient ( n = 48) and control ( n = 35) groups. Mean cholesterol levels were lower in the patient groups than in controls; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were higher in the ICU group versus outpatients, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were lower in the ICU group versus outpatients. The frequency of diabetes and hypertension was higher in the ICU group than in the outpatient group. Furthermore, LDL-C level was associated with disease severity (odds ratio 0.966, 95% confidence interval 0.944, 0.989). Conclusion Lipid profiles differ between severe and less severe forms of COVID-19. LDL-C level may be a useful indicator of COVID-19 severity.
3D printed biocompatible graphene oxide, attapulgite, and collagen composite scaffolds for bone regeneration
Authors: Qin Wen , Li Chenkai , Liu Chun , Wu Siyu , Liu Jun , Ma Jiayi , Chen Wenyang , Zhao Hongbin , Zhao Xiubo 
Published: February 2022

Tissue-engineered bone material is one of the effective methods to repair bone defects, but the application is restricted in clinical because of the lack of excellent scaffolds that can induce bone regeneration as well as the difficulty in making scaffolds with personalized structures. 3D printing is an emerging technology that can fabricate bespoke 3D scaffolds with precise structure. However, it is challenging to develop the scaffold materials with excellent printability, osteogenesis ability, and mechanical strength. In this study, graphene oxide (GO), attapulgite (ATP), type I collagen (Col I) and polyvinyl alcohol were used as raw materials to prepare composite scaffolds via 3D bioprinting. The composite materials showed excellent printability. The microcosmic architecture and properties was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and thermal gravimetric analyzer, respectively. To verify the biocompatibility of the scaffolds, the viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs) on the scaffolds were assessed by CCK-8, Live/Dead staining and Real-time PCR in vitro. The composited scaffolds were then implanted into the skull defects on rat for bone regeneration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry staining were carried out in vivo to evaluate the regeneration of bone tissue. The results showed that GO/ATP/COL scaffolds have been demonstrated to possess controlled porosity, water absorption, biodegradability and good apatite-mineralization ability. The scaffold consisting of 0.5% GO/ATP/COL have excellent biocompatibility and was able to promote the growth, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs in vitro. Furthermore, the 0.5% GO/ATP/COL scaffolds were also able to promote bone regeneration of in rat skull defects. Our results illustrated that the 3D printed GO/ATP/COL composite scaffolds have good mechanical properties, excellent cytocompatibility for enhanced mouse BMSCs adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. All these advantages made it potential as a promising biomaterial for osteogenic reconstruction.
Role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases
Authors: Shukal Dhaval K , Malaviya Pooja B , Sharma Tusha 
Published: February 2022

Background AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a precise role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is activated in response to the signalling cues that exhaust cellular ATP levels such as hypoxia, ischaemia, glucose depletion and heat shock. As a central regulator of both lipid and glucose metabolism, AMPK is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, including eye disorders. Objective To review all the shreds of evidence concerning the role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Method Scientific data search and review of available information evaluating the influence of AMPK signalling on ocular diseases. Results Review highlights the significance of AMPK signalling in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, etc. The review also provides the information on the AMPK-associated pathways with reference to ocular disease, which includes mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and regulation of inflammatory response. Conclusion The study concludes the role of AMPK in ocular diseases. There is growing interest in the therapeutic utilization of the AMPK pathway for ocular disease treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of AMPK signalling might represent more pertinent strategy than AMPK activation for ocular disease treatment. Such information will guide the development of more effective AMPK modulators for ocular diseases. [Formula: see text]
Non-destructive detection of chilling injury in kiwifruit using a dual-laser scanning system with a principal component analysis - back propagation neural network
Authors: Wang Zhen , Künnemeyer Rainer , McGlone Andrew , Sun Jason , Burdon Jeremy , Cree Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

As a physiological disorder, chilling injury in kiwifruit may develop when the fruit are stored for long periods at a low storage temperature of 0–1°C. Presence of the disorder, inconsistent with marketing requirements for high-quality fruit, may lead to substantial financial and reputational losses. Thus, early detection or removal of chill-damaged fruit is desirable. This study demonstrates a novel dual-laser scanning system which has potential to be developed into a fast online system for the detection of chilling injury in Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit. The system consists of two laser modules at 730 and 880 nm wavelengths, a scanning mechanism and two detectors at partial (90°) and full (180°) light transmission. A sample of 231 kiwifruit was used to prove the concept, including 80 sound and 151 chill-damaged fruit of three different severity categories (slight, moderate and severe). A principal component analysis – back propagation neural network was used to classify fruit with 5-fold cross-validation. A comparison was made with standard visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) interactance spectroscopy used to classify the same fruit using the same modelling algorithm. The dual-laser scanning system showed a slightly higher binary classification accuracy than the Vis-NIR spectroscopy, with an average accuracy of 95% for distinguishing sound and chill-damaged fruit. The classification error rate was 0% for severe damaged fruit. These experimental results demonstrate the potential of this dual-laser scanning system for the detection of chill-damaged fruit. The setup using only two wavelengths, its unique scanning operation and flexible system layout make it practical and attractive for future development for application on high-speed fruit graders.
Professionals' narratives of interactions with patients' families in intensive care
Authors: Nygaard Anne M , Haugdahl Hege S , Laholt Hilde , Brinchmann Berit S , Lind Ranveig 
Published: February 2022

Background: ICU patients’ family members are in a new, uncertain, and vulnerable situation due to the patient’s critical illness and complete dependence on the ICU nurses and physicians. Family members’ feeling of being cared for is closely linked to clinicians’ attitudes and behavior. Aim: To explore ICU nurses’ and physicians’ bedside interaction with critically ill ICU patients´ families and discuss this in light of the ethics of care. Research design: A qualitative study using participant observation, focus groups, and thematic narrative analysis. Participants and research context: Data were gathered from July 2017 to August 2019, in four ICUs in Norway through 270 h of fieldwork and seven focus groups with ICU nurses and physicians. Ethical considerations: The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics and the Norwegian Centre for Research Data approved the study. Findings: Quality of ICU family care depends on nurses’ and physicians’ attitudes, behavior, and personality traits. Three main themes were identified: being attentive, an active approach, and degree of tolerance. Discussion: The findings are discussed in light of the ethics of care and empirical research from the intensive care environment. Conclusions: This study shows that attentive, active, and tolerant clinicians represent a culture of ethical care that gives families greater freedom of action and active participation in patient care. Clinicians must not bear sole responsibility for this culture; it must have a firm basis in the hospital and ICU and be established through training, interprofessional reflection, and support of clinicians.