bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the Sexual Knowledge Picture Instrument: a potential diagnostic instrument for sexual abuse in young children
Authors: van Ham Kirsten , Bolt Shanti , van Doesterling Mariska , Brilleslijper-Kater Sonja , Teeuw Rian , van Rijn Rick , van Goudoever Hans , van der Lee Hanneke 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the Sexual Knowledge Picture Instrument (SKPI), a potential diagnostic instrument for young suspected victims of sexual abuse containing three scoring forms, that is, verbal responses, non-verbal reactions and red flags.DesignVideo-recorded SKPI interviews with children with and without suspicion of child sexual abuse were observed and scored by two trained, independent raters. The second rater repeated the assessment 6 weeks after initial rating to evaluate for intra-rater reliability.Subjects78 children aged 3–9 years old were included in the study. 39 of those included had known suspicion of sexual abuse and the other 39 had no suspicion.Main outcome measuresIntra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the scores per study group and in the total sample were assessed by Cohen’s kappa and percentage of agreement (POA).ResultsThe median intra-rater Cohen’s kappa exceeded 0.90 and the POA exceeded 95 for all three forms in both study groups, except for the red flag form (median Cohen’s kappa 0.54 and POA 87 in the suspected group, and 0.84 and 92, respectively, in the total sample). For the verbal scoring form the median inter-rater Cohen’s kappa and POA were 1.00 and 100, respectively, in both groups. For the non-verbal form the median inter-rater kappa and POA were 0.37 and 97, respectively, in the suspected group, and 0.47 and 100, respectively, in the control group. For the red flag form, they were 0.37 and 76, respectively, in the suspected group and 0.42 and 77, respectively, in the control group.ConclusionThe reliability of the SKPI verbal form was sufficient, but there is room for improvement in the non-verbal and red flag scoring forms. These forms may be improved by adjusting the manual and improving rater training.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of universal school-based mindfulness training compared with normal school provision in reducing risk of mental health problems and promoting well-being in adolescence: the MYRIAD cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kuyken Willem , Ball Susan , Crane Catherine , Ganguli Poushali , Jones Benjamin , Montero-Marin Jesus , Nuthall Elizabeth , Raja Anam , Taylor Laura , Tudor Kate , Viner Russell M , Allwood Matthew , Aukland Louise , Dunning Darren , Casey Tríona , Dalrymple Nicola , De Wilde Katherine , Farley Eleanor-Rose , Harper Jennifer , Kappelmann Nils , Kempnich Maria , Lord Liz , Medlicott Emma , Palmer Lucy , Petit Ariane , Philips Alice , Pryor-Nitsch Isobel , Radley Lucy , Sonley Anna , Shackleford Jem , Tickell Alice , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne , Team The MYRIAD , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Greenberg Mark T , Ford Tamsin , Dalgleish Tim , Byford Sarah , Williams J Mark G 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSystematic reviews suggest school-based mindfulness training (SBMT) shows promise in promoting student mental health.ObjectiveThe My Resilience in Adolescence (MYRIAD) Trial evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of SBMT compared with teaching-as-usual (TAU).MethodsMYRIAD was a parallel group, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Eighty-five eligible schools consented and were randomised 1:1 to TAU (43 schools, 4232 students) or SBMT (42 schools, 4144 students), stratified by school size, quality, type, deprivation and region. Schools and students (mean (SD); age range=12.2 (0.6); 11–14 years) were broadly UK population-representative. Forty-three schools (n=3678 pupils; 86.9%) delivering SBMT, and 41 schools (n=3572; 86.2%) delivering TAU, provided primary end-point data. SBMT comprised 10 lessons of psychoeducation and mindfulness practices. TAU comprised standard social-emotional teaching. Participant-level risk for depression, social-emotional-behavioural functioning and well-being at 1 year follow-up were the co-primary outcomes. Secondary and economic outcomes were included.FindingsAnalysis of 84 schools (n=8376 participants) found no evidence that SBMT was superior to TAU at 1 year. Standardised mean differences (intervention minus control) were: 0.005 (95% CI −0.05 to 0.06) for risk for depression; 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.07) for social-emotional-behavioural functioning; and 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07) for well-being. SBMT had a high probability of cost-effectiveness (83%) at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 per quality-adjusted life year. No intervention-related adverse events were observed.ConclusionsFindings do not support the superiority of SBMT over TAU in promoting mental health in adolescence.Clinical implicationsThere is need to ask what works, for whom and how, as well as considering key contextual and implementation factors.Trial registrationCurrent controlled trialsISRCTN86619085. This research was funded by the Wellcome Trust (WT104908/Z/14/Z and WT107496/Z/15/Z).
Comparative analysis of off-road vehicle crashes in children: motorcycles versus quad bikes
Authors: Mulligan Christopher S , Adams Susan , Moeller Holger , Whyte Tom , Soundappan Soundappan S V , Brown Julie 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo characterise and compare off-road motorcycle and quad bike crashes in children in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.MethodsA retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed of children aged 0–16 years, admitted to hospitals in NSW, from 2001 to 2018 following an injury sustained in an off-road motorcycle or quad bike crash, using linked hospital admissions, mortality and census data.Motorcycle and quad bike injuries were compared regarding: demographics; incidence; body region injured and type of injury; injury severity based on the survival risk ratio; length of stay and mortality.ResultsThere were 6624 crashes resulting in hospitalisation; 5156 involving motorcycles (77.8%) and 1468 involving quad bikes (22.2%). There were 10 fatalities (6 from motorcycles and 4 from quad bikes). The rates of injury declined over the study period for motorcycles, but not for quad bikes.Motorcycle riders were more likely than quad bike riders to have lower limb injuries (OR 1.49, p<0.001) but less likely to have head/neck (OR 0.616, p<0.001), abdominal (OR 0.778, p=0.007) and thoracic (OR 0.745, p=0.003) injuries. Quad bike crashes resulted in higher injury severity (mean International Classification Injury Severity Score 0.975 vs 0.977, p=0.03) and longer hospital stay (mean 2.42 days vs 2.09 days, p=0.01).ConclusionsThere are significant differences between quad bike and motorcycle crashes in injury type and affected body region. While quad bike injuries in children were more severe, there were almost four times more hospitalisations from motorcycles overall. The overall larger burden of motorcycle crashes suggests a greater focus of injury prevention countermeasures for two-wheeled riders is needed.
A novel self-expanding shape memory polymer coil for intracranial aneurysm embolization: 1 year follow-up in Chile
Authors: Echeverría Daniel , Rivera Rodrigo , Giacaman Pablo , Sordo Juan Gabriel , Einersen Martín , Badilla Lautaro 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAneurysm recurrence remains a challenge when coiling cerebral aneurysms. Development of next generation coils has focused on accelerating thrombus maturation and increasing coil packing density. Ultra low density shape memory polymer is a novel embolic material designed for this purpose. The polymer is crimped over a platinum–tungsten coil for catheter delivery and self-expands to a predefined volume on contact with blood.MethodsThis prospective study in humans evaluated aneurysms 5–16 mm (inclusive) in diameter that were indicated for endovascular coil embolization. At least 70% coil volume was required to be shape memory polymer coils. Patients were followed-up according to standard of care for 12 months.ResultsNine patients (89% women, mean age 55.8±11.7 years) were treated with shape memory polymer coils and completed 12 months of follow-up. Aneurysms were all unruptured and were in the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery (n=7), posterior communicating artery, and anterior cerebral artery A1–A2 segment. Aneurysms were a mean of 7.8±2.9 mm in diameter (range 5.2–14.9 mm). The mean packing density based on unexpanded polymer was 17±6%. Packing density based on expanded polymer was 43±13%. At 12 months, no recurrence had occurred, and a Raymond–Roy occlusion classification of 1 (n=5) or 2 (n=4) was observed. No serious adverse events related to the study device occurred over the 12 months after the procedure.ConclusionsShape memory polymer coils were safe and effective in treating intracranial aneurysms over 12 months in this first study in human subjects.
Anyons in conformal Hilbert spaces: Statistics and dynamics of gapless excitations in fractional quantum Hall systems
Authors: Yang Bo 
Published: July 2022

This paper reviews some of the recent progresses in understanding the dynamical and statistical properties of anyons in fractional quantum Hall (FQH) systems. These are strongly interacting topological systems for electrons confined to a two-dimensional manifold, and anyons are fundamental particles emerging from the truncation of the Hilbert space as a result of both the kinetic and interaction energies. We introduce the concept of the conformal Hilbert spaces (CHS) from such Hilbert space truncation, and the hierarchy of these Hilbert spaces allows us to understand the internal structures of the anyons that can strongly affect their dynamics. The bulk-edge correspondence and the conformal mapping of the CHS also enable us to derive a rigorous bosonization scheme for anyons in these two-dimensional systems, and to capture the statistical interaction between anyons in the form of microscopic interaction Hamiltonians. Examples about the fractionalization of Laughlin quasiholes and a new family of bosonic FQH phases as the dual descriptions of the well-known fermionic FQH phases are given, as applications to the proposed theoretical constructions in this work.
PREDICTION OF THE VERTICAL PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENT BASED ON FRACTAL THEORY FOR WOVEN SLIT-FILM GEOTEXTILES
Authors: TANG XIAOWU , LI KEYI , ZHAO WENFANG , LIANG JIAXIN , CHEN XIULIANG , LIN WEIKANG 
Published: July 2022

The coefficient of vertical permeability is a common filter design criterion for woven slit-film geotextiles. According to the pipe flow theory, a permeability coefficient model has been proposed for predicting the permeability coefficient of woven geotextiles, in which the pore characteristics were described by the Sierpiński carpet fractal theory. The verification of models is performed in 12 woven geotextiles of two types using a digital image method and a vertical water permeability test of the geotextile. The influence of the pore characteristics on the permeability coefficient is further explored using univariate and multivariate analyses. The results show that the porosity model can accurately predict the total percent pore area (POA) and the POA distribution of the woven geotextiles, and the permeability model can accurately predict the permeability coefficient of the geotextiles. The permeability coefficient of geotextiles decreases with the pore area fractal dimension and the minimum pore size under the action of a single factor. The permeability coefficient increases as the maximum pore size increases. POA and maximum pore size are the most significant independent variables affecting the permeability coefficients of geotextile under the action of multifactor.
Puberty Timing and Sex-Specific Trajectories of Systolic Blood Pressure: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: O’Neill Kate N. , Bell Joshua A. , Davey Smith George , Tilling Kate , Kearney Patricia M. , O’Keeffe Linda M. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Sex differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) emerge during adolescence but the role of puberty is not well understood. We examined sex-specific changes in SBP preceding and following puberty and examined the impact of puberty timing on SBP trajectories in females and males.

Methods:
Trajectories of SBP before and after puberty and by timing of puberty in females and males in a contemporary birth cohort study were analyzed. Repeated measures of height from age 5 to 20 years were used to identify puberty timing (age at peak height velocity). SBP was measured on ten occasions from 3 to 24 years (N participants, 4062; repeated SBP measures, 29 172). Analyses were performed using linear spline multilevel models based on time before and after puberty and were adjusted for parental factors and early childhood factors.

Results:
Mean age at peak height velocity was 11.7 years (SD, 0.8) for females and 13.6 years (SD, 0.9) for males. Males had faster rates of increase in SBP before puberty leading to 10.19 mm Hg (95% CI, 6.80–13.57) higher mean SBP at puberty which remained similar at 24 years (mean difference, 11.43 mm Hg [95% CI, 7.22–15.63]). Puberty timing was associated with small transient differences in SBP trajectories postpuberty in both sexes and small differences at 24 years in females only.

Conclusions:
A large proportion of the higher SBP observed in males compared with females in early adulthood is accrued before puberty. Interventions targeting puberty timing are unlikely to influence SBP in early adulthood.
IsoLGs (Isolevuglandins) Drive Neutrophil Migration in Hypertension and Are Essential for the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Krishnan Jaya , de la Visitación Néstor , Hennen Elizabeth M. , Amarnath Venkataraman , Harrison David G. , Patrick David M. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
IsoLGs (isolevuglandins) are electrophilic products of lipid peroxidation formed in the presence of reactive oxygen species. IsoLGs contribute to hypertension by an unknown mechanism. Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species production drives the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and that NETs accumulate within the aorta and kidneys of patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of isoLGs in neutrophil migration and NET formation (NETosis) in hypertension.

Methods:
Mice were treated with Ang II (angiotensin II) and the specific isoLG scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine and examined for tissue neutrophil and NET accumulation by single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry. Isolated human neutrophils were studied to determine the role of isoLGs in NETosis and neutrophil chromatin expansion by immunofluorescence and live cell confocal microscopy.

Results:
Single-cell sequencing performed on sham, Ang II, and Ang II+2-hydroxybenzylamine treated mice revealed neutrophils as a primary target of 2-hydroxybenzylamine. Peripheral neutrophil migration, aortic NET accumulation, and renal NET accumulation is blocked with 2-hydroxybenzylamine treatment. In isolated human neutrophils, isoLGs accumulate during NETosis and scavenging of isoLGs prevents NETosis. IsoLGs drive neutrophil chromatin expansion during NETosis and disrupt nucleosome structure.

Conclusions:
These observations identified a critical role of isoLGs in neutrophil migration and NETosis in hypertension and provide a potential therapy for NET-associated diseases including hypertension and associated end organ damage.
Association Between the Gut Microbiome and Their Metabolites With Human Blood Pressure Variability
Authors: Dinakis Evany , Nakai Michael , Gill Paul , Ribeiro Rosilene , Yiallourou Stephanie , Sata Yusuke , Muir Jane , Carrington Melinda , Head Geoffrey A. , Kaye David M. , Marques Francine Z. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Blood pressure (BP) variability is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in BP regulation. However, whether the gut microbiome is associated with BP variability is yet to be determined. Here, we aimed to investigate the interplay between the gut microbiome and their metabolites in relation to BP variability.

Methods:

Ambulatory BP monitoring was performed in 69 participants from Australia (55.1% women; mean±SD, 59.8±7.26 years; body mass index, 25.2±2.83 kg/m
2
). These data were used to determine nighttime dipping, morning BP surge (MBPS) and BP variability as SD. The gut microbiome was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and metabolite levels by gas chromatography.

Results:

We identified specific taxa associated with systolic BP variability, nighttime dipping, and MBPS. Notably,
Alistipesfinegoldii
and
Lactobacillus
spp. were only present in participants within the normal ranges of BP variability, MBPS and dipping, while
Prevotella
spp. and
Clostridium
spp., were found to be present in extreme dippers and the highest quartiles of BP SD and MBPS. There was a negative association between MBPS and microbial α-diversity (r=−0.244,
P
=0.046). MBPS was also negatively associated with plasma levels of microbial metabolites called short-chain fatty acids (r=−0.305,
P
=0.020), particularly acetate (r=−0.311,
P
=0.017).

Conclusions:

Gut microbiome diversity, levels of microbial metabolites, and the bacteria
Alistipesfinegoldii
and
Lactobacillus
were associated with lower BP variability and
Clostridium
and
Prevotella
with higher BP variability. Thus, our findings suggest the gut microbiome and metabolites may be involved in the regulation of BP variability.
Effects of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove Intervention on Gestational Blood Pressure: Intention-to-Treat and Exposure-Response Findings From the HAPIN Trial
Authors: Ye Wenlu , Steenland Kyle , Quinn Ashlinn , Liao Jiawen , Balakrishnan Kalpana , Rosa Ghislaine , Ndagijimana Florien , Ntivuguruzwa Jean de Dieu , Thompson Lisa M. , McCracken John P. , Díaz-Artiga Anaité , Rosenthal Joshua P. , Papageorghiou Aris , Davila-Roman Victor G. , Pillarisetti Ajay , Johnson Michael , Wang Jiantong , Nicolaou Laura , Checkley William , Peel Jennifer L. , Clasen Thomas F. ,   for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial Investigators
Published: July 2022

Background:
Approximately 3 to 4 billion people worldwide are exposed to household air pollution, which has been associated with increased blood pressure (BP) in pregnant women in some studies.

Methods:

We recruited 3195 pregnant women in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda and randomly assigned them to intervention or control groups. The intervention group received a gas stove and fuel during pregnancy, while the controls continued cooking with solid fuels. We measured BP and personal exposure to PM
2.5
, black carbon and carbon monoxide 3× during gestation. We conducted an intention-to-treat and exposure-response analysis to determine if household air pollution exposure was associated with increased gestational BP.

Results:

Median 24-hour PM
2.5
dropped from 84 to 24 μg/m
3
after the intervention; black carbon and carbon monoxide decreased similarly. Intention-to-treat analyses showed an increase in systolic BP and diastolic BP in both arms during gestation, as expected, but the increase was greater in intervention group for both systolic BP (0.69 mm Hg [0.03–1.35];
P
=0.04) and diastolic BP (0.62 mm Hg [0.05–1.19];
P
=0.03). The exposure-response analyses suggested that higher exposures to household air pollution were associated with moderately higher systolic BP and diastolic BP; however, none of these associations reached conventional statistical significance.

Conclusions:
In intention-to-treat, we found higher gestational BP in the intervention group compared with controls, contrary to expected. In exposure-response analyses, we found a slight increase in BP with higher exposure, but it was not statistically significant. Overall, an intervention with gas stoves did not markedly affect gestational BP.
Performance of Confirmatory Tests for Diagnosing Primary Aldosteronism: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Leung Alexander A. , Symonds Christopher J. , Hundemer Gregory L. , Ronksley Paul E. , Lorenzetti Diane L. , Pasieka Janice L. , Harvey Adrian , Kline Gregory A. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Confirmatory tests are recommended for diagnosing primary aldosteronism, but the supporting evidence is unclear.

Methods:
We searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies evaluating any guideline-recommended confirmatory test (ie, saline infusion test, salt loading test, fludrocortisone suppression test, and captopril challenge test), compared with a reference standard were included. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic models.

Results:
Fifty-five studies were included, comprising 26 studies (3654 participants) for the recumbent saline infusion test, 4 studies (633 participants) for the seated saline infusion test, 2 studies (99 participants) for the salt loading test, 7 studies (386 participants) for the fludrocortisone suppression test, and 25 studies (2585 participants) for the captopril challenge test. Risk of bias was high, affecting more than half of studies, and across all domains. Studies with case-control sampling overestimated accuracy by 7-fold (relative diagnostic odds ratio, 7.26 [95% CI, 2.46–21.43]) and partial verification or use of inconsistent reference standards overestimated accuracy by 5-fold (5.12 [95% CI, 1.48–17.77]). There were large variations in how confirmatory tests were conducted, interpreted, and verified. Under most scenarios, confirmatory testing resulted in an excess of missed cases. The certainty of evidence underlying each test (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) was very low.

Conclusions:
Recommendations for confirmatory testing in patients with abnormal screening tests and high probability features of primary aldosteronism are based on very low-quality evidence and their routine use should be reconsidered.