bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Desirability of Automizing Labor: An Overview
Authors: Waelen Rosalie A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe debate about the impact and desirability of automizing labor is one that emerges alongside every major technological development. In recent years, attention for the potential ethical and social implications of automizing labor increased once again, in response to the successes and promises of artificial intelligence (AI) and other modern technologies. The aim of this article is, first and foremost, to introduce the reader to recent work on the desirability of automizing labor. The article distinguishes two philosophical debates about replacing human jobs with AI systems or robots. The first debate has to do with questions of distributive justice, in light of the prospect of structural technological unemployment. The second debate has to do with questions about the relation between a job and a meaningful life. In addition to sketching these debates, the article highlights environmental concerns regarding automation as a possible future direction for research on the future of work.
Carbohydrate and hormone regulatory networks driving dormancy release of Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino bulbs induced by low temperature
Authors: Li Rongchen , Cai Zian , Huang Xiaolu , Liao Jianming , Huang Liyun , Liu Dan , Zhao Zhiheng , Chen Yuzhen , Lu Cunfu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBulb physiological dormancy significantly limits the development and utilization of Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino, a valuable medicinal, edible and ornamental plant. In the current study, to break the dormancy and reveal its mechanism, metabolome and transcriptome analyses using bulbs stored at 4°C for 0, 30, and 60 days (d) were conducted. Results revealed that bulb dormancy release and development were linked to hormones such as ABA, IAA, GA and ZR, as well as sucrose and starch. Total soluble sugars initially increased and then decreased within 60 days of low temperature treatment, contrary to the behaviour of starch content. Dormancy release predominantly relied on GA accumulation and ABA degradation. Additionally, genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including HK, SPS, BGLU, and SuSy, were up‐regulated in the later stage. The energy production during carbohydrate metabolism mainly depended on the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis pathway. Hormone‐mediated regulation and hormone signal transduction metabolism pathways were also obviously changed. Co‐expression analysis indicated that key genes, such as NCED, PP2C and DELLA, related to the ABA signal transduction pathway, and GA2ox, ARF and SAUR, related to the IAA and GA signal transduction pathway, played a crucial role in dormancy release. Moreover, ZR signal transduction genes such as CRE, ARR‐B, ARR‐A and TRIT1 involved in cell division were up‐regulated in bulbs treated at 4°C for 30 or 60 d. This study provides evidence for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying bulb dormancy release and is a guide for industry development and utilization of Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino.
Caught Between Privacy and Surveillance: Explaining the Long‐Term Stagnation of Data Protection Regulation in Liberal Democracies
Authors: Bocquet Nicolas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article pursues two objectives. First, it aims to trace the genealogy of data protection regulation in major liberal democracies. To do so, it examines the evolution of this regulation in the United States, France, and Germany, among others, and relies on the policy actors' triangle framework. Second, the article provides an explanation for the paradox that emerges from this diachronic analysis: a long‐term stagnation of data protection regulation despite the radical transformation of the information environment and surveillance practices over the last three decades. The article finds that this long‐term regulatory stagnation can be explained by a constant trade‐off between competing and sometimes irreconcilable policy goals and, especially since 9/11, an overlap between state and private interests. Despite post‐Snowden reforms, this conflict of interest continues to shape the regulation, raising many democratic concerns.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐B*44:417 Allele by Sequencing‐Based Typing
Authors: Pajot Thibault , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Labalette Myriam 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHLA‐B*44:417 differs from HLA‐B*44:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon −6 in exon 1.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐C*01:283 Allele by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: de Lima Ana Paula Sokolowski , Molinari Isabella Fantini , Massi Fernanda Pelisson , Hirata Bruna Karina Banin , Visentainer Jeane Eliete Laguila 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe novel HLA‐C*01:283 allele differs from C*01:02:01:01 by change of C → T in exon 4.
Spatio‐Temporal Disparity in the Inequality and Determinants of Disability‐Related Multiple Deprivation between 2010 and 2020 in Tianjin Municipality, China
Authors: Qiu Ning , Zhang Tianjie , Cheng Jianquan , Lv Yulan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInclusive development in the Global South encounters challenges from a growing disability and development gap amid increasing education, employment and social participation, accompanied by higher expectations and resource consumption. This study aims to analyse the spatio‐temporal disparity of the Index of Disability‐Related Multiple Deprivation (IDMD) across 313 sub‐districts in Tianjin Municipality from 2010 to 2020 and identify the socioeconomic factors and their heterogeneous effects. Results show persistent urban–rural disparities but decreasing intra‐municipality disparities. Deprivation inequality varies across regions – decreasing in urban fringe and rural areas but increasing in the urban centre. Economic growth initially reduces IDMD until a certain point, beyond which it increases. The growth of migrant and elderly populations decreases IDMD. Urbanization's impact is limited, mainly affecting middle quantiles. Considering rapid economic development, urbanization and ageing, prioritizing disability‐inclusive development is imperative. Further research should focus on health equality, particularly addressing rural individuals with disabilities, informal employment and ageing effects.
Modeling Susceptibility to Illegal Land Occupation in Cape Town, South Africa: A Random Forest Approach
Authors: Bailey C. J. , Loggenberg K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIllegal land occupation is a pervasive challenge in South Africa, particularly in urban landscapes such as Cape Town. Despite numerous studies investigating its causes, spatial distribution, and impacts, there is a scarcity of research focused on predicting its occurrence. This study addresses this gap by developing a machine learning model to identify areas susceptible to illegal land invasion within the Cape Town Metropole. A random forest (RF) regression model was built utilizing samples of prevalence and pseudoabsence. A total of 1070 samples were collected (535 points per class), with 70% used for training and 30% used for validation. The RF model demonstrated accurate predictive performance with an R2 of 0.809. The study's findings indicate that areas bordering existing informal settlements are most at risk of future illegal land occupation. The developed RF model can be a valuable tool for urban planners and policymakers in developing more effective strategies to prevent and manage illegal land occupation.
Composition Restrictedness and Bruteness Revisited
Authors: Zhang Ruoyu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn metaphysics, ‘brutal composition’ is supported by few philosophers except Ned Markosian, however, the detailed meaning of composition bruteness, and the related notion of restrictedness, has not been seriously discussed. I offer a novel and systematic account of composition restrictedness and bruteness, in which different senses of ‘restricted’ and ‘bruteness’ are explored, and I argue this can help to understand some interesting but neglected positions about composition, like ‘restricted universalism’.
Toll‐like receptor 2 activation induces C‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 production in canine keratinocytes
Authors: Takahashi Kaho , Yoshimatsu Rina , Kaida Yuzuki , Hasegawa Takehiro , Ohmori Keitaro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundToll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) in keratinocytes can be activated by Staphylococcus spp. that are frequently detected on the skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). C‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) produced by keratinocytes has been considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of canine AD (cAD). However, whether TLR2 activation induces CCL5 production in canine keratinocytes remains unclear.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo elucidate the effect of TLR2 agonists on CCL5 production in canine keratinocytes, possible synergy with interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐13 or IL‐4 and underlying mechanisms.Materials and MethodsCanine progenitor epidermal keratinocyte (CPEK) cells were stimulated with TLR2 agonists with or without inhibitors of the TLR2 signalling pathway or IFN‐γ, a T‐helper (Th)1‐type cytokine and/or IL‐13 or IL‐4, a Th2‐type cytokine. CCL5 protein concentrations in the culture supernatant were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, TLR2 mRNA expression was measured by real‐time PCR in CPEK cells stimulated with IFN‐γ.ResultsTLR2 agonists increased CCL5 production in CPEK cells. Inhibitors of the TLR2 signalling pathway suppressed CCL5 production. IFN‐γ, but not IL‐13 or IL‐4, synergistically enhanced TLR2 agonist‐induced CCL5 production. IFN‐γ partially increased TLR2 mRNA expression in CPEK cells.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceTLR2 activation by Staphylococcus spp. may produce CCL5 in canine keratinocytes, thereby recruiting immune cells into the skin of dogs with AD. During the Th1‐activated chronic phase of cAD, where TLR2 expression may be partially upregulated, Staphylococcus spp. may exacerbate skin inflammation. Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance and mechanisms of skin bacteria‐mediated CCL5 production in keratinocytes.
Varicella: is it time for a global vaccination programme?
Authors: Wooding Eva Louise , Kadambari Seilesh , Warris Adilia 
Published: February 2025

Varicella, known as chickenpox, is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), with an estimated 84 million cases annually. It primarily affects children, for most of whom it is a self-limiting illness. However, there are an estimated 950 000 disability-adjusted life years attributed to VZV annually, disproportionately affecting lower-income settings. Children with impaired immunity and neonates are particularly at risk for severe varicella. Epidemiology varies between tropical and temperate regions with infections occurring at an earlier age in temperate climates.Varicella is a vaccine-preventable disease and over 40 countries have a universal one-dose or two-dose paediatric immunisation programme, either administered alone or combined with the measles, mumps and rubella vaccination (MMRV). The UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation recommended the introduction of MMRV in November 2024. The vaccine, whether monovalent or MMRV, is effective in reducing varicella cases and hospital admissions, and two-dose regimens have further reduced breakthrough infections of shingles, a recognised concern in varicella vaccination programmes. Long-term data on shingles incidence in later life are not yet available and may be mitigated through paired universal shingles vaccination programmes for adults.Cost-effectiveness studies in high-resource settings support vaccination due to reduced hospitalisations and societal costs, such as missed caregiver employment. However, more research is needed for lower-resource regions to determine whether universal vaccination is feasible and cost-effective. While global varicella elimination is unlikely without sterilising immunity, vaccination can significantly reduce the disease burden, depending on regional epidemiology and available resources.
Screening parents of children with a chronic condition for mental health problems: a systematic review
Authors: Coscini Nadia , McMahon Grace , Schulz Madison , Hosking Casey , Mulraney Melissa , Grobler Anneke , Hiscock Harriet , Giallo Rebecca 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveParents of children with a chronic condition (CC) have a high prevalence of mental health (MH) difficulties. It is not known whether establishing screening programmes in paediatric clinics to identify parental MH difficulties increases detection or referrals to support services. We aimed to identify approaches to routine screening programmes for parents of children with a CC attending hospital outpatient clinics (aim 1); associated prevalence of MH symptoms (aim 2); and whether screening impacted referrals to, and uptake of, MH services (aim 3).DesignMedline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed databases were searched between January 2000 and December 2023. Studies were selected if they conducted routine screening of MH of parents of children with CCs (aged <18 years). Study characteristics, population demographics and information on screening tools, MH symptoms and referral pathways were extracted.ResultsEight articles met the inclusion criteria from 8673 screened. The prevalence of elevated parental MH symptoms ranged between 9.6% and 62.9% for anxiety and 7.7% and 57.0% for depression. Two studies using the Distress Thermometer for Parents found 3.3%–57.0% had elevated levels of ‘clinical distress’. There was limited detail on referral pathways, referrals made and uptake.ConclusionsElevated MH symptoms are common in parents of children with CCs, but there is wide variability in outcomes. More research is required to understand this and how best to identify and screen for and support parents with referrals to and uptake of services for their MH.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023438720.
Protocol for the process evaluation for a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating primary school-based screening and intervention delivery for childhood anxiety problems
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Larkin Michael , Reardon Tessa , Stallard Paul , Spence Susan H , Macdonald Ian , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Ford Tamsin , Violato Mara , Sniehotta Falko F , Stainer Jason , Gray Alastair , Brown Paul , Sancho Michelle , Morgan Fran , Jasper Bec , Taylor Lucy , Creswell Cathy 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAnxiety problems are prevalent in childhood and, without intervention, can persist into adulthood. Effective evidence-based interventions for childhood anxiety disorders exist, specifically cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) in a range of formats. However, only a small proportion of children successfully access and receive treatment. Conducting mental health screening in schools and integrating evidence-based interventions for childhood anxiety problems may be an effective way to ensure support reaches children in need. The Identifying Child Anxiety Through Schools—Identification to Intervention (iCATS i2i) trial involves screening for childhood anxiety problems and offering a brief online parent-led CBT intervention. This paper presents the protocol for the process evaluation of the iCATS i2i trial, which aims to examine the implementation and acceptability of the study procedures, the mechanisms of change and whether any external factors had an impact on procedure engagement or delivery.Methods and analysisThis process evaluation will use both quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate the implementation and acceptability of and barriers/facilitators to engagement and delivery of the iCATS screening/intervention procedures. Quantitative data sources will include opt-out and completion rates of baseline measures and usage analytics extracted from the online intervention platform. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with children, parents, school staff, iCATS i2i clinicians and researchers delivering study procedures. The Medical Research Council framework for process evaluations will guide study design and analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the University of Oxford Research Ethics Committee (R66068_RE003). Findings from the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications in academic journals, conferences, digital and social media platforms and stakeholder meetings.Trial registrationISRCTN76119074.
Feasibility study of a co-designed, evidence-informed and community-based incentive intervention to promote healthy weight and well-being in disadvantaged communities in Scotland
Authors: Cowie Julie , Findlay Scott , Archibald Rhonda , Currie Sinead , Campbell Pauline , Hutcheon Danielle , van der Pol Marjon , MacLennan Graeme , Cook Elizabeth , Lock Bette , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo feasibility test a novel community-based financial incentive scheme to promote healthy weight and well-being.DesignSingle-arm, prospective feasibility study using mixed methods.SettingTwo communities in Scotland experiencing high levels of disadvantage according to the Scottish Index for Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). Community C1 is in a large rural area with a small town centre (population~1.5K) and community C2 is a small and urban community (population~9K), enabling contextual comparison.ParticipantsEligible adult (18 years or over) community members recruited through community outreach.InterventionThe Enjoy Life LocallY (ELLY) intervention comprised free soup twice weekly (café/delivery/pickup); loyalty card stamped for engagement in community assets (such as local activities, groups and clubs) exchanged for a £25 shopping card when a participant attends a minimum of 9 assets over 12 weeks; goal setting; information resources; self-monitoring of weight and well-being.OutcomesPrimary outcomes—feasibility of recruitment, retention and engagement. Acceptability of intervention components was assessed by self-reported questionnaires and interviews. Secondary outcomes—feasibility of collecting outcomes prioritised by communities for a future trial: health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), mental well-being (WEMWBS), connectedness (Social Connectedness Scale) and weight-related measures (weight, body mass index (BMI)).ResultsOver 3 months, 75 community citizens (35 citizens in C1, 40 citizens in C2) were recruited (125% of target recruitment of 60 participants (117% of 30 participants C1 target, 133% of 30 participants C2 target), 84% female, baseline weight mean (SD)=84.8 kg (20) and BMI mean (SD)=31.9 kg/m2(7.3), 65/75 (87%) living in disadvantaged areas (SIMD quintiles 1–3)). Retention at 12 weeks, defined by completion of outcome measures at 12 weeks, was 65 (87%). Participation in at least one asset for a minimum of 9 out of 12 weeks of the intervention was achieved by 55 (73%). All intervention components were acceptable, with the loyalty card being the most popular and the soup cafés the least popular. The mean average cost of the soup ingredients, per participant, over the 12 weeks was £12.02. Outcome data showed a small decrease in weight and BMI and a small increase in health-related quality of life, mental well-being and social connectedness.ConclusionsThe ELLY study recruited and retained participants from two disadvantaged communities in Scotland. The study was acceptable to participants and feasible to deliver. A full trial is warranted to determine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, with consideration of scalability.Trial registration numberThe ELLY feasibility study was not pre-registered.
Burnout and staff experiences of health inequalities in children’s hospitals: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Lunn Judith , Brennan Louise , Brewster Liz , Hindocha Avni , Patel Pallavi , Stowell Caroline , Isba Rachel 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo identify burnout constructs from descriptions of staff experiences of health inequalities operating across paediatric specialist hospitals and to categorise the constructs according to Leiter and Maslach’s six Areas of Worklife (AWL) model of burnout.DesignA secondary data analysis of a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus groups.SettingThe interviews and focus groups were conducted within nine children’s hospitals in England.ParticipantsThe dataset included responses from 217 individual staff members occupying various roles: leadership, clinical, professional and support. All staff who volunteered to participate were included in the study.ResultsThe results of this exploratory analysis showed that psychological burnout constructs were frequently embedded in hospital staff’s descriptions of their experiences of health inequalities in hospitals, and relevant excerpts were found for all six domains of the AWL model. Staff described a work environment where socioeconomic disparities increased workload pressures, but efforts to improve services were frustrated by a perceived lack of control in decision making or professional recognition. There was ambiguity of role-based responsibilities for tackling health inequalities and an imbalance between organisational practices and personal and professional values of social justice.ConclusionsThere is a reciprocal relationship between health inequalities and burnout experienced by healthcare professionals operating within specialist children’s hospital settings. The extant knowledge and approaches to health inequalities and occupational burnout should be considered in tandem, integrated into quality improvement and operationalised within paediatric healthcare organisations to improve safety and quality of care.