bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical management of pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: An expert opinion
Authors: Bahri Khomami Mahnaz , Teede Helena J , Joham Anju E. , Moran Lisa J. , Piltonen Terhi T. , Boyle Jacqueline A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a higher risk for pregnancy and birth complications according to the specific features associated with PCOS. The features include obesity before and during pregnancy, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, infertility, cardiometabolic risk factors, and poor mental health. PCOS is not often recognized as a risk factor for poor pregnancy and birth outcomes in pregnancy care guidelines, while its associated features are. Pregnancy‐related risk profile should ideally be assessed for modifiable risk factors (e.g., lifestyle and weight management) at preconception in women with PCOS. Hyperglycaemia should be screened using a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at preconception or within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy if it has not been performed at preconception and should be repeated at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. In the absence of evidence of benefit for strategies specific to women with PCOS, the international evidence‐based guidelines for the assessment and management of PCOS recommend screening, optimizing, and monitoring risk profile in women with PCOS (at preconception, during and postpregnancy) consistent with the recommendations for the general population. Recommended factors include blood glucose, weight, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, diet, exercise, sleep and mental health, emotional, and sexual health among women with PCOS. The guidelines recommend Metformin in addition to lifestyle for assisting with weight management and improving cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly in those with overweight or obesity. Letrozole is considered the first‐line pharmacological treatment for anovulatory infertility in PCOS. Individualized approach should be considered in the management of pregnancy in PCOS.
Institutional cross‐ownership and firm social performance
Authors: Fu Yishu , Liu Chunbo , Qin Zhenjiang , Zhao Dongwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis paper examines the relation between institutional cross‐ownership from the same industry (hereafter, INSTCO) and corporate social responsibility (hereafter, CSR) for Chinese publicly traded firms. We also investigate whether the relation between INSTCO and CSR depends on the strength of the internal and external corporate governance.Research Findings/InsightsBased on a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2017, we find that INSTCO is significantly positively associated with firm CSR performance. We interpret our results under the signaling theory of strategic CSR spending, according to which CSR spending is a valuable signal that distinguishes firms from peers, particularly in an environment with severe information asymmetry. The effective monitoring of INSTCO drives managers to engage in the CSR signaling more actively. Furthermore, this positive association between INSTCO and CSR signaling is only found among firms with strong internal and/or external corporate governance.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe findings in this paper indicate that the well‐documented monitoring role of INSTCO also has important implications on firms' social performance. Moreover, our findings contribute to the literature on strategic CSR spending by highlighting the role of CSR spending as a signaling device in China as the largest emerging market. Lastly, both internal and external corporate governance significantly moderate the impact of INSTCO on firms' social performance.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsCSR initiatives are valuable signals. Policy makers should be aware that common ownership may enhance stakeholders' welfare due to INSTCO's monitoring effect, since this study documents a significantly positive effect of INSTCO on corporate social performance. Investors in the Chinese market should also be aware of the nontrivial signaling function of CSR activities, especially in a strong internal governance and/or an investor‐friendly external governance environment.
Gender differences in the assessment, decision‐making and outcomes for ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation: An analysis from a UK transplant center
Authors: MacGowan Guy A. , McDiarmid Adam , Jansen Katrijn , Coats Louise , Crossland David , Woods Andrew , Kunadian Vijay , Shah Asif , Schueler Stephan , Parry Gareth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThere are marked gender differences in all etiologies of advanced heart failure. We sought to determine whether there is evidence of gender‐specific decision making for transplant assessments, and how gender effects outcomes.MethodsRetrospective analysis of adult heart transplant assessments at a single UK center between April 2015 and March 2020.ResultsFemales were 32% of referrals (N = 137 females, 285 males), with marked differences between diagnoses – 11% ischemic and 43% of adult congenital. Females were younger, shorter, weighed less, and had lower pulmonary pressures. Females were much less likely to receive a ventricular assist device (13%). Blood type “O” females were relatively more likely compared to males to receive a transplant (45%). Comparing males and females who received a ventricular assist device, both had similar levels of high pulmonary pressures, indicating consistent decision‐making based on hemodynamics to implant a device. Overall survival was better for females (in noncongenital patients), and this was due to female patients who were not accepted for transplant or a ventricular assist device being more often “too well for transplant,” rather than in males when they were more often “unsuitable.”ConclusionsMarked gender differences exist at all stages of the heart transplant assessment pathway. Appropriate decision‐making based on clinical grounds is shown with less transplants in male blood type “O”s and hemodynamic criteria for ventricular assist device implantation in both genders. Further studies are needed to determine if there is a wider community bias in advanced heart failure treatments for females.
FADM: A Feasible Approach to Disaster Management
Authors: D’Andrea Alessia , Grifoni Patrizia , Ferri Fernando 
Published: April 2022

SummaryMotivationThe scientific community devotes considerable attention to defining and implementing approaches for preventing and managing disasters. The article presents an innovative disaster management approach that considers societal, economic, and environmental issues and expectations, in order to stimulate actors' collaboration at different scales (local, national, etc.).PurposeThe article proposes an innovative approach to disaster management that integrates the characteristics of recent approaches—resilience‐based, sustainability‐based, and responsible research and innovation (RRI)‐based.Methods and approachThe article present a detailed overview of the evolution of disaster management approaches, evaluating their different characteristics to identify the most effective approach, as well as an analysis of the pillars characterizing the resilience, sustainability, and RRI concepts and the different phases of each approach.FindingsThe article suggests practices to reduce/mitigate the impacts of disasters, classified according to their different actors and components.Policy implicationsFirst, the implementation of the approach has to be aligned with adequate policies or funding. It also requires the involvement of many different actors and a range of public‐sector agencies at different levels of government.
Diffusion tractography predicts propagated high‐frequency activity during epileptic spasms
Authors: O'Hara Nolan B. , Lee Min‐Hee , Juhász Csaba , Asano Eishi , Jeong Jeong‐Won 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the structural networks that constrain propagation of ictal oscillations during epileptic spasm events, and compare the observed propagation patterns across patients with successful or unsuccessful surgical outcomes.MethodsSubdural electrode recordings of 18 young patients (age 1–11 years) were analyzed during epileptic spasm events to determine ictal networks and quantify the amplitude and onset time of ictal oscillations across the cortical surface. Corresponding structural networks were generated with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tractography by seeding the cortical region associated with the earliest average oscillation onset time, and white matter pathways connecting active electrode regions within the ictal network were isolated. Properties of this structural network were used to predict oscillation onset times and amplitudes, and this relationship was compared across patients who did and did not achieve seizure freedom following resective surgery.ResultsOnset propagation patterns were relatively consistent across each patient’s spasm events. An electrode's average ictal oscillation onset latency was most significantly associated with the length of direct corticocortical tracts connecting to the area with the earliest average oscillation onset (p < .001, modelR2 = .54). Moreover, patients demonstrating a faster propagation of ictal oscillation signals within the corticocortical network were more likely to have seizure recurrence following resective surgery (p = .039). In addition, ictal oscillation amplitude was associated with connecting tractography length and weighted fractional anisotropy (FA) measures along these pathways (p = .002/.030, modelR2 = .31/.25). Characteristics of analogous corticothalamic pathways did not show significant associations with ictal oscillation onset latency or amplitude.SignificanceSpatiotemporal propagation patterns of high‐frequency activity in epileptic spasms align with length and FA measures from onset‐originating corticocortical pathways. Considering the data in this individualized framework may help inform surgical decision‐making and expectations of surgical outcomes.
Post‐dialysis recovery time in ESRD patients receiving more frequent hemodialysis in skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Bellin Eran Y. , Hellebrand Alice M. , Kaplan Steven M. , Ledvina Jordan G. , Markis William T. , Levin Nathan W. , Kaufman Allen M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionPost‐dialysis recovery time (DRT) has an important relationship to quality of life and survival, as identified in studies of ESRD patients on conventional dialysis. ESRD patients are often discharged from hospitals to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) where on‐site treatment using home hemodialysis technology is increasingly offered, but nothing is known about DRT in this patient population.MethodsFrom November 4, 2019 to June 11, 2021, within a dialysis organization providing service across 12 states and 154 SNFs, patients receiving in‐SNF, more frequent dialysis (MFD) (modeled to deliver 14 treatment hours minimum per week and stdKt/V ≥2.0) were asked to describe their post‐dialysis recovery time following their previous treatment, within predefined categoric choices: 0–½, ½–1, 1–2, 2–4, 4–8, 8–12 h, by next morning, or not even by next morning. Patients reporting DRT following at least one full‐week treatment opportunity were included in a mixed model logistic regression of rapid recovery (DRT ≤2 h).FindingsTwo thousand three hundred and nine patients met the statistical modeling inclusion criteria, providing DRT on 108,876 dialysis sessions, while receiving mean (SD) 4.3 (0.96) weekly dialysis treatments. 2118 (92%) reported DRT ≤2 h. Results appeared biologically plausible, as lower odds of rapid DRT were observed for patients who were older, missed their previous treatment, or experienced intradialytic hypotension. Greater odds of rapid DRT were observed in patients receiving five dialyses in the previous week or having 160–179 mmHg pre‐hemodialysis systolic blood pressure. Rapid recovery was associated with reduced mortality or hospitalization.DiscussionSNF dialysis patients receiving 5x per week MFD report rapid recovery time ≤2 h in 92% of dialyses despite advanced age, frailty, and comorbidities. Future studies will assess the practical ramifications of rapid DRT perception/experience on nursing home rehabilitation programs, which could impact patient health beyond the nursing home stay.
Use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and association with birth outcome among women living with HIV in Denmark: A nationwide, population‐based cohort study
Authors: Moseholm Ellen , Katzenstein Terese Lea , Pedersen Gitte , Johansen Isik Somuncu , Wienecke Lisa Skyggelund , Storgaard Merete , Obel Niels , Weis Nina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens during pregnancy among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Denmark and to examine the association between ART use in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes.MethodsA population‐based cohort study including all pregnancies among WLWH in Denmark between 2000 and 2019. Data were collected through national registries. Temporal trends of ART use in pregnancy were evaluated. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of ART use in pregnancy and other risk factors with adverse birth outcomes.ResultsIn total, 589 pregnancies were included. Combination treatment with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and a protease inhibitor (PI) was the most common ART regimen (96%). ART regimen, PI use in pregnancy and timing of ART initiation were not significantly associated with increased odds of preterm birth, small for gestational age or low birth weight. First‐trimester initiation of ART was significantly associated with increased odds of intrauterine growth restriction in the multivariate analysis [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–11.59], while first trimester PI use was associated with increased odds of IUGR in the univariate analysis only [OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.13–9.30]. Smoking, comorbidity, and maternal HIV RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL were independently associated with increased odds of adverse birth outcomes.ConclusionsPregnant WLWH living in Denmark are generally well treated with HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL at delivery and NRTI + PI as the most common ART regimen used in pregnancy. Initiation of ART in the first trimester may be associated with poor fetal growth. The association between ART use in pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes may partly be explained by maternal risk factors.
Using accounting dataset for agricultural sustainability assessment through a multi‐criteria approach: an Italian case study
Authors: Boggia A. , Fagioli F. F. , Paolotti L. , Ruiz F. , Cabello J.M. , Rocchi L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSustainability has become a key issue for agricultural systems. In this context, sustainability assessment implies considering different aspects of agricultural activities, including environmental, economic and social issues, and it is usually based on practice‐based indicators. However, proposed methods and applications are still rare due to the difficulty to build a strong general framework and to find appropriate data. The present work develops a performance indicator framework using farm accounting data from the Italian Agricultural Accounting Information Network and proposes a multi‐criteria approach based on the multiple reference point weak‐strong composite indicators (MRP‐WSCI) method to assess the degree of sustainability at the farm level. This method, widely applied to sustainability assessment, calculates the relative rankings including the weak and strong approaches to sustainability and facilitates an understanding of the different indices used, but it is still unused in the agricultural sector. The proposed evaluation framework shows that MRP‐WSCI can handle a holistic set of indicators and rank the farms according to their level of sustainability, making it suitable for the agricultural farm sustainability assessment. Our results show that none of the farms in the case study sample can be classified as “good,” according to some of the indices produced, that is, the strong–strong and strong–weak index, while just two of them are good for the weak–weak index. Although the size of the sample used is small, the methodological approach proposed can be straightforwardly extended to larger samples. This methodology can provide information regarding the sustainability of farms to regional and/or national agricultural offices, agricultural extension workers, and farmers themselves, helping in understanding issues in specific dimensions.
Mechanically induced rhombohedral to tetragonal phase transition in PMN–PT single crystals by nanoindentation
Authors: Man Guian , Jiang Yixuan , Wang Xingzhe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the phase transition behavior of the rhombohedral phase (R) and tetragonal phase (T) of the relaxor ferroelectric PMN–PT single crystals under mechanical load is essential for the potential voltage‐free controlled ferroelectric‐based nanodevices. Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals PMN–PT, under a local inhomogeneous mechanical load, were studied experimentally by the nanoindentation tests and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The observations show that the rhombohedral phase can be transformed successfully to the tetragonal phase under a mechanical stress, and the tetragonal phase in the PMN–PT single crystals presents a structural stability. The phase transition induced by the mechanical stress with different strain rates further indicates that the relaxor ferroelectric single crystals possess a potential mechanical controllability. The present study reveals the phase transition pathway of the relaxor ferroelectric single crystal under inhomogeneous stress and provides the exciting possibility of the control of mechanically induced phase transition for ferroelectrics.
Early repolarization syndrome, epilepsy, and atrial fibrillation in a young girl with novel KCND3 mutation managed with quinidine
Authors: Choubey Mrigank , Bansal Raghav , Siddharthan Deepti , Naik Nitish , Sharma Gautam , Saxena Anita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 6‐year‐old girl presented with a difficult to control epilepsy syndrome. On evaluation, additional presyncope episodes associated with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia were also noted. A diagnosis of early repolarization syndrome (ERS) was made with an early repolarization pattern on electrocardiogram, documented VT episodes, and clinical presyncope (proposed Shanghai score 7). Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) was also noted on 24‐h Holter recordings. The child was stabilized with isoprenaline infusion and was later discharged with arrhythmia control on quinidine and cilostazol. The genetic evaluation revealed a potassium channel KCND3 gene missense mutation. The case highlights the association of epilepsy syndrome and AF with ERS; the possible association of KCND3 gene mutation with a malignant phenotype; and management issues in a small child.
Improving Osmia lignaria and O. cornifrons (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) retention with preferred nest materials and attractant spray
Authors: Pinilla‐Gallego Mario S. , Rowe Logan M. , Gibbs Jason , Pitts‐Singer Theresa L. , Isaacs Rufus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMason bees (Megachilidae: Osmia) are alternative managed pollinators with the potential to supplement pollination by honey bees in many crops. However, challenges for their management in orchards still remain. If nesting conditions are not optimal, females can show high dispersion rates, which decrease their economic viability at commercial scales. One way to improve female retention is by offering attractive nesting substrates. We tested the effect of several combinations of substrate materials and shelter types, as well as an attractant compound, on the retention and performance of Osmia lignaria and O. cornifrons females. We compared nesting in three types of shelter (blue and white plastic totes and brown pine plywood), with cardboard tubes of four different diameters (5–8 mm), reeds, and wood blocks as substrates at an experimental farm orchard. In a separate experiment with plywood shelters and 7‐mm cardboard tubes, we tested an attractant spray based on decanoic acid (patent number US 9301521B2), a compound isolated from O. lignaria cocoons and expected to encourage females to nest in artificial cavities. In both experiments, O. cornifrons showed higher female retention than O. lignaria. The combination of plywood shelters with reeds had the highest nesting for both species, although O. cornifrons also readily used cardboard tubes of 5–6 mm diameter. The attractant spray increased nesting by O. cornifrons, but not by O. lignaria. We also found a significant interaction between the effect of the attractant and the year of the experiment, indicating that weather and other environmental variables could affect the efficacy of the attractant. Together, our results suggest that using the right combination of shelters and substrates, as well as the attractant spray, is an effective strategy to increase Osmia female retention for orchard pollination.
Lure design for Drosophila suzukii based on liquid culture of fruit epiphytic yeasts: Comparing the attractivity of fermentation volatiles for seasonal morphs
Authors: Erdei Anna Laura , Szelényi Magdolna Olívia , Deutsch Ferenc , Rikk Péter , Molnár Béla Péter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe spotted‐wing vinegar fly (Drosophila suzukii) is currently one of the most serious, invasive pest of berry crops worldwide. Most drosophilids are known to be attracted to fermentation volatiles produced by fruit epiphytic yeasts. Therefore, vinegar and wine baits are widely used in field trapping. However, these traps are not selective for spotted‐wing drosophila. We wished to exploit the previously discovered tight‐knit relationship between this vinegar fly and a fruit‐colonizing yeast, Hanseniaspora uvarum, and utilize this in the design of a selective lure. Field trapping experiments were carried out in a commercial cherry orchard to evaluate the attractiveness of bottle traps baited with liquid culture of four epiphytic yeast species on stone fruits and soft‐skinned fruits: H. uvarum, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia terricola and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as the mixed culture of the first two species. We also completed experiments using apple juice inoculated with H. uvarum. We compared the attractivity of yeast culture baits for D. suzukii and other drosophilids with that of apple cider vinegar. To explore the relationship between lure volatile emission and trap efficiency, solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) was used to measure the headspace of the freshly prepared and 3‐day‐old lures collected from the field. Headspace samples were analysed for their volatilome with gas chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy. The H. uvarum‐containing lures were more specific for D. suzukii than other yeast tested, and the attractivity was significantly higher if it was inoculated in apple juice. H. uvarum‐fermented apple juice lures were more specific for female D. suzukii than the traditional apple cider vinegar lures. Winter‐morph females showed an altered preference for yeast volatiles in the absence of fruit substrate.