bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VLPs Containing Stalk Domain and Ectodomain of Matrix Protein 2 of Influenza Induce Protection in Mice
Authors: Shi Lili , Long Ying , Zhu Yanyan , Dong Jingjian , Chen Yan , Feng Hao , Sun Xianliang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to antigenic drift, current influenza vaccines provide limited protection against circulating influenza viruses, and vaccines with broad cross protection are urgently needed. Hemagglutinin (HA) stalk domain and ectodomain of matrix protein 2 are highly conserved among influenza viruses and have great potential for use in a universal vaccine.
Methods
In this study, we co-expressed the stalk domain and M2e on the surface of cell membranes and generated chimeric and standard virus-like particles of influenza to improve antigen immunogenicity. Then, we immunized BALB/c mice through intranasal and intramuscular routes.
Results
Results showed that vaccination with VLPs elicited high levels of serum-specific IgG (approximately 30-fold higher than that obtained with soluble protein), and T cell and mucosal immune responses were enhanced. Furthermore, HA and 4M2e-specific IgA titers in mucosal and cytokine production increased in the VLP-immunized mice more than in the mice immunized with soluble protein. The VLP-immunized group exhibited long-lasting humoral antibody responses and effectively reduced lung viral titers after the challenge. In particular, the chimeric VLP group experienced cross-protection against the lethal challenge with homologous and heterologous viruses compared to the 4M2e-VLP and mHA-VLP groups. The antibody with the stalk domain conferred better protection than the 4M2e specific antibody.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that the cVLPs anchored with the stalk domain and M2e showed efficacy in reducing viral loads after the influenza virus challenge in the mice model and could be used in humans to broadly protect against a variety of influenza virus subtypes. The chimeric VLPs represent a novel approach to increase antigen immunogenicity and are promising candidates for a universal influenza vaccine.
Two spectrophotometric methods for the determination of cysteine in dietary supplements
Authors: Liu yi , Yuan li , Chu wen , Yuan jiayi , Ma weixing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two rapid, sensitive, extraction-free spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of cysteine. The procedures were based on the addition reaction of cysteine with Aniline blue water soluble (Method A) or cysteine with Acid Fuchsin (Method B) in borax-sodium hydroxide medium, which formed a colorless thioether derivative, and resulting in a decrease in absorbance at wavelengths of 584 and 540 nm respectively. The cysteine complied with Beer's Law in the concentration range of 0.20~2.40 mg/L and 0.50~6.00 mg/L with good precision and accuracy, whose limits of detection were 0.122 mg/L at 584 nm for Method A and 0.113 mg/L at 540 nm for Method B, respectively. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the determination of cysteine in dietary supplements. The analytical results of the actual samples were in accordance with those by the copper(II)-neocuproin reagent spectrophotometric method.
Cartilage Diversification and Modularity Presaged the Evolution of the Gnathostome Head Skeleton
Authors: Root Zachary D. , Jandzik David , Gould Claire , Allen Cara , Brewer Margaux , Medeiros Daniel M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The vertebrate head skeleton has evolved a myriad of forms since their divergence from invertebrate chordates. The connection between novel gene expression and cell types is therefore of importance in this process. The transformation of the jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) head skeleton from oral cirri to jointed jaw elements required a diversity of cartilages. Although lampreys are a sister clade to gnathostomes, they display skeletal diversity with distinct gene expression and histologies, a useful model for addressing joint evolution. Specifically, the lamprey tissue known as mucocartilage has noted similarities with the jointed elements of jawed vertebrates. We thus asked whether the mucocartilage of jawless lampreys is homologous to gnathostome joint tissue. To do this, we characterized new genes that are involved in gnathostome joint formation and characterized the histochemical properties of lamprey skeletal types. We find that most of these genes are minimally found in mucocartilage and are likely later innovations, but we do identify new activity for gdf5/6/7b in both hyaline and mucocartilage, supporting its role as a chondrogenic regulator. Contrary to previous works, our histological assays do not find any perichondrial fibroblasts surrounding mucocartilage, suggesting that mucocartilage is non-skeletogenic tissue that is partially chondrified. Interestingly, we also identify new histochemical features of the lamprey otic capsule that diverge from normal hyaline. Paired with our new insights into lamprey mucocartilage, we propose a broader framework for skeletal evolution in which an ancestral soxD/E and gdf5/6/7 network directs mesenchyme along a spectrum of cartilage-like features.
Study on prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcome analysis of fetuses with cardiac rhabdomyoma
Authors: Zhai Shanshan , Liu Ling , Yuan Limin , Zhao Lanlan , Lv Yuexia , Guo Jing , Yang Xuewen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective

To investigate the prenatal imaging characteristics, genetic characteristics and pregnancy outcome of fetuses with cardiac rhabdomyoma.

Study design

The prenatal ultrasound, cranial MRI imaging information and genetic test results of 35 fetuses prenatally diagnosed with cardiac rhabdomyoma were collected and retrospectively analyzed, and the pregnancy outcome was followed up.

Result

Cardiac rhabdomyomas mainly occurred in left ventricular wall and ventricular septum; cranial MRI imaging was found abnormal in 38.1% (8/21) of the fetuses; genetic test was found abnormal in 58.82% (10/17) of the fetuses; the fetus was born alive in 12 cases and the pregnancy was terminated in 23 cases.

Conclusion

TRIO whole exome sequencing (TrioWES) is recommended as the genetic test regime for cardiac rhabdomyoma. The comprehensive evaluation of prognosis of fetuses needs to consider the genetic results and whether the brain is involved; The prognosis of fetuses with simple cardiac rhabdomyoma is good.
The association between preoperative anemia, blood transfusion need, and postoperative complications in adult cardiac surgery, a single center contemporary experience
Authors: Mufti Hani Nabeel , Alsharm Faisal , Bahawi Mohanad , Almazmumi Mohammed , Alshaikh Yazeed , Abushouk Amir , Algarni Abdullah , Jamalallail Sahal , Almohammadi Mohammed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The impact of preoperative anemia on postcardiac surgery outcomes is an area of great debate. Although several large-scale studies have been conducted, they have demonstrated conflicting results. A limited number of studies have been conducted in the Middle East. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative anemia and the need for blood transfusions, as well as major postoperative complications.
Methods
Adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery at King Faisal Cardiac Center (KFCC) in Jeddah between June 2016 and January 2020 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The study excluded patients with hereditary preoperative anemia. Among the variables studied were variables related to demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, operation-related data, in-hospital complications, and mortality.
Results
The mean preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level was 13.2 g/dL (SD ± 1.8). The overall mortality rate was 4.6%. A lower preoperative Hb level (p value = 0.016), postoperative day 1 WBC count (p- value = 0.003), and prolonged cross clamp time (p value < 0.001) were significantly associated with mortality. A lower Hb level during the preoperative period or within the first three days of surgery was associated with a higher blood transfusion requirement. However, there was no significant association between blood transfusion and postoperative complications.
Conclusion
Based on our single center study, patients with preoperative lower Hb levels are at higher risk of mortality. However, blood transfusion does not seem to increase the risk of postoperative complications.
Inflammatory CSF profiles and longitudinal development of cognitive decline in sporadic and GBA-associated PD
Authors: Brockmann Kathrin , Lerche Stefanie , Zimmermann Milan , Roeben Benjamin , Wurster Isabel , Fries Franca , Deuschle Christian , Waniek Katharina , Lachmann Ingolf , Jakobi Meike , Joos Thomas , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Knorpp Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Inflammation modifies incidence and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). By using 30 inflammatory markers in CSF in 498 people with PD and 67 people with Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) we show that: 1) levels of ICAM-1, Interleukin-8, MCP-1, MIP-1 beta, SCF and VEGF were associated with clinical scores and neurodegenerative CSF biomarkers (Aβ1–42, t-Tau, p181-Tau, NFL and α-synuclein). 2) PD patients with GBA mutations show similar levels of inflammatory markers compared to PD patients without GBA mutations, even when stratified by mutation severity. 3) PD patients who longitudinally developed cognitive impairment during the study had higher levels of TNF-alpha at baseline compared to patients without development of cognitive impairment. 4) Higher levels of VEGF and MIP-1 beta were associated with a longer duration until development of cognitive impairment. We conclude that the majority of inflammatory markers is limited in robustly predicting longitudinal trajectories of developing cognitive impairment.
Killing vector fields for some meromorphic affine connections
Authors: Garcia Alexis , Alexis Pierre Garcia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe give a geometric condition on a meromorphic affine connection for its Killing vector fields to be single valued. More precisely, this condition relies on the pole of the connection and its geodesics, and defines a subcategory. To this end, we use the equivalence between these objects and meromorphic affine Cartan geometries. The proof of the previous result is then a consequence of a more general result linking the distinguished curves of meromorphic Cartan geometries, their poles and their infinitesimal automorphisms. This enables to extend the result of [1] to the subcategory of meromorphic affine connection described before. 2010 MSC Classification: 53B21, 53C56, 53A55
Clinical and Prognostic Significance of KIT exon 11 Mutation and Ki-67 Expression in Primary Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Xie Wenjie , Abbey Eugene , Peng Sanfei , Liu Qi , Jiang Jianwu , Yang Ge , Fu Yang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) are rare and heterogeneous, and there are no large-scale clinical and prognostic analyses of different mutation types in KIT exon combined with Ki-67 levels, we aimed to explore the clinical feature and prognostic significance of different types of KIT exon 11 mutations combined with the different expression levels of Ki-67 in GIST.
Methods
In this research, 444 specimens of primary GISTs were collected from the largest single-center sample bank in China and genetically tested to confirm the mutations in KIT exon 11, and the expression of Ki-67 was determined by immunohistochemical methods. The pertinence between KIT exon 11 mutation, Ki-67 expression status, and clinicopathological features was analyzed using the chi-square test. Influencing factors of survival were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Log-Rank test was used to analyze differences between survival curves. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox regression model. The ROC curve was used to compare the NIH risk classification with the new risk classification that included ki-67 and exon 11 mutations.
Results
There is a significant correlation between mutation in KIT exon 11 and risk classification (P = 0.04), Mitotic figures (P = 0.049), and CD34 positivity (P = 0.033). Besides, the expression level of Ki-67 was significantly correlated with tumor diameter (P = 0.008), tumor shape (P = 0.017), risk classification (P < 0.0001), and Mitotic figures (P < 0.0001). In the no-imatinib treatment group, Ki-67 expression (P = 0.001) and KIT exon 11 mutation type (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with recurrent metastasis. In the imatinib treatment group, Ki-67 expression (P = 0.01) and KIT exon 11 mutation type (P = 0.003) were significantly correlated with recurrent metastasis. Both Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with a Ki-67 score of ≥ 10 combined with deletion mutations in KIT exon 11 had a worse prognosis and shorter RFS than the patients with lower Ki-67 score and non-deletion mutations. The ROC curves showed that the new risk grading criteria containing Ki-67 and KIT exon 11 mutations better assessed patient prognosis (AUC = 0.715) compared to the NIH risk grading criteria (AUC = 0.715).
Conclusions
GIST patients with high Ki-67 expression levels combined with KIT exon 11 deletion mutation had a worse prognosis and could serve as a valuable prognostic marker complementary to the modified (2008) National Institute of Health (NIH) grading criteria for the prediction of the prognosis of high-risk GIST.
Assessment of Peripheral Perfusion in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-cov-2) Infection: An Exploratory Analysis With Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: de Souza Guilherme Martins , Galindo Vinícius Barbosa , Rocha Daniel Lima , Vianna Felipe Souza Lima , Chaves Renato Carneiro Freitas , Malossi Carla Dantas , Vieira Alice Medeiros , Midega Thais Dias , Freitas Flávia Fernandes Manfredi , Assunção Murillo Santucci Cesar , Andari Leonardo Wiel Barros Urbano , Filho Roberto Rabello , Corrêa Thiago Domingos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate clinical and laboratory tissue perfusion in addition to near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) static and dynamic-derived parameters in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional single-center exploratory study was performed. Twenty adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 24 hours were prospectively included in this study. A control group without COVID-19 was composed by forty patients included in recently published study. Accessed NIRS-derived parameters included basal tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), descending slope (%/min), ascending slope (%/min), maximum value of StO2 (StO2max), recovery time (s) and the area under the curve of reactive hyperemia.
Results: The median (IQR) age of included patients was 58 (46-69) years. Patients with COVID-19 presented higher SAPS III score [50 (46-53) vs. 45 (30-53), p=0.04] compared with control patients. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection showed higher StO2 min [60 (49-79) vs. 54 (48-58) %; p=0.04] and lower descending slope [5.7 (3.4-8.8) vs. 8.1 (6.4-9.7) %/min; p<0.01] compared with ICU patients without COVID-19. Basal StO2 [80 (74-90) vs. 82 (76-86) %; p=0.89], StO2 max [(91 (83-95) vs. 90 (84-94) %; p=0.86], ascending slope [2.0 (1.1-2.9) vs. 2.2 (1.5-3.3) %/min; p=0.43], recovery time [14.5 (12.0-22.0) vs. 21.5 (14.3-28.3) s; p=0.13] and hyperemia area [10.3 (5.8-13.0) vs. 8.6 (4.0-14.3); p=0.55] did not differ between, respectively, COVID-19 and control groups.
Conclusion: Severe COVID-19 patients exhibited a lower rate of oxygen extraction by peripheral tissues than non-COVID-19 critically ill patients, which may represent an adaptive mechanism to hypoxemia. This hypothesis needs to be further investigated.
Dopamine-induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in mPFC is mediated by MAO-B in young mice, but by dopamine receptors in adult mice
Authors: Kim Sunpil , Kwon Jea , Park Mingu Gordon , Lee C. Justin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays a vital role in brain physiology and pathology such as learning and memory, motor control, neurological diseases, and psychiatric diseases. In neurons, it has been well established that DA increases or decreases intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) through D1-like or D2-like dopamine receptors, respectively. In contrast, astrocytes respond to DA via Ca2+ signaling and regulate synaptic transmission and reward systems. Previous studies suggest various molecular targets such as MAO-B, D1R, or D1R-D2R heteromer to modulate astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. However, which molecular target is utilized under what physiological condition remains unclear. Here, we show that DA-induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling pathway switches during development: MAO-B is the major player at a young age (5 - 6 weeks), whereas DA receptors (DARs) are responsible for the adult period (8 - 12 weeks). DA-mediated Ca2+ response in the adult period was decreased by either D1R or D2R blockers, which are primarily known for cyclic AMP signaling (Gs and Gi pathway, respectively), suggesting that this Ca2+ response might be mediated through Gq pathway by D1R-D2R heterodimer. Moreover, DAR-mediated Ca2+ response was not blocked by TTX, implying that this response is not a secondary response caused by neuronal activation. Our study proposes an age-specific molecular target of DA-induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling: MAO-B in young mice and DAR in adult mice.
Neural mechanisms by which facial attractiveness influences the judgments of immoral behaviors
Authors: chengqiuping Qiuping , Zhou Ying , Zhang Yuman , Zhou Mi , Mo Lei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Moral judgments are influenced by facial attractiveness. Moral behavior of good-looking people is more judged as morally beautiful and specifically activates brain regions involved in the representation of emotional meaning. In moral judgments, immoral behavior is more diagnostic than moral behavior. However, it is not clear whether the implied relationship between face and moral traits affects people's judgments of immoral behavior. The present study is the first to investigate the neural responses to facial attractiveness in the judgments of moral badness and ugliness.
Results
Experimental materials consisted of scenarios depicting behaviors at different levels of immorality acted by good- or ugly-looking males in daily life. Subjects were asked to rate how bad and how ugly the male immoral behavior was on a 4-point scale. A parametric general linear model (GLM) was performed to estimate neural response to face attractiveness that varies with the levels of immorality in the judgments of moral badness and moral ugliness. Results showed that ugly faces both in the judgments of moral badness and moral ugliness activated the anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex and bilateral inferior occipital gyrus, suggesting that ugly faces in evaluation of immoral behavior elicited activity in brain regions associated with underlying general emotions and automatically processed visual features of faces. In addition, compared with ugly faces in moral badness judgment, ugly faces in moral ugliness judgment showed stronger activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left insula, left middle temporal gyrus and cortical midline structures, and specifically activated bilateral frontal poles. These brain regions are mainly involved in the representation of emotional meaning of faces, suggesting that emotional information carried by ugly faces only affects moral aesthetic judgment. And no differential activation was found for the opposite contrast.
Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrate that facial attractiveness is task-specific as well as task-general in evaluating the badness and ugliness of immoral behavior. The findings provide more experimental and neurological evidence for the impact of implied relationships between faces and moral traits on higher moral decision-making. Our findings are of great significance to the understanding of the essence between morality and aesthetics.
Mangiferin relieves CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Liu Chuhe , Yin Liufang , Fan Shengjie , Huang Cheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Hepatic fibrosis is a late stage process of many chronic liver diseases. Blocking the fibrosis process will be beneficial to the treatment and recovery of the diseases. Mangiferin has many biological and pharmacological activities. Recently, it has been reported that mangiferin may relieve tissue fibrosis, including renal, myocardial, pulmonary fibrosis via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in animal models.
Purpose: Here, we investigate the therapeutic effects of mangiferin on CCl4 induced liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism in mice.
Materials/Methods: Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 in each group), injected with carbon tetrachloride (10% CCl4) for 8 weeks and oral administrated with mangiferin (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) from fifth week. The serum levels of ALT, AST were analyzed to evaluate liver function, H&E staining and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to assess liver morphology and the degree of liver fibrosis. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to assay the gene expression.
Results: Mangiferin alleviated the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TBA and TBIL, reduced liver lesions, prevented hepatic parenchymal necrosis and ameliorated collagen accumulation in the liver of mice. Meanwhile, mangiferin inhibited the expression of inflammatory genes IL-6 and IL-1β, fibrogenic genes α-SMA, TGF-β and MMP-2 and bile acid metabolism genes ABCB4, ABCB11, SULT2A1 in the liver of CCl4-treated mice.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that mangiferin could alleviate liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice and mango consuming may have beneficial effects to hepatic fibrosis.
Knowledge on diabetic retinopathy and associated factors among diabetic patients, Southern Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Gessese Kalkidan Atnafu , Adimassu Nebiyat Feleke , Mersha Getasew Alemu , Ayele Fisseha Admasu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge of diabetic retinopathy and associated factors among adult diabetic patients at Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, Hawassa.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Adare General Hospital on 419 adult diabetic patients. Systematic random sampling was applied to select the study participants. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire, checklist, and physical examination. Binary logistics regression and descriptive statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 20. Variables having p-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to determine the strength of association between the dependent and independent variables.
Results: Among the total participants, 41.3% [95% CI (36.8-46.1)] had good knowledge about diabetic retinopathy. Urban residence [AOR=3.01, 95% CI; (1.39-6.52)], high income [AOR=4.68, [95% CI; (1.40-4.62)], type II diabetes [AOR=3.18,95% CI; (1.15-8.80)], long duration of diabetes [AOR=6.28,95% CI (3.26-12.10)], family history of diabetes [AOR=2.54, 95% CI (1.40-4.62)], history of eye disease [AOR=2.64,95% CI (1.45-4.80)] were significantly associated with knowledge on diabetic retinopathy.
Conclusions: The proportion of diabetic patients with good knowledge in this study was found to be low (41.3%). Health education and promotion interventions on diabetic retinopathy and eye check-ups could enhance their knowledge and practice.