bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a clinical research nursing module for undergraduate nursing schools: expanding Clinical Research Nurses' outreach
Authors: Capili Bernadette , Baker Laura , Thangthaeng Nopporn , Legor Kristen , Larkin Mary E , Jones Carolynn T 
Published: April 2022

Background Clinical Research Nurses (CRNs) care for study participants and manage clinical research studies; yet the CRN practice role is rarely covered in undergraduate nursing curricula in the United States. Despite a burgeoning need for CRNs, the pipeline of clinical research nurse positions remains sparse. The International Association of Clinical Research Nurses’s (IACRN) strategic goal to “engage with nursing schools to heighten awareness and inclusion of the CRN role competencies in nursing education” prompted the development of an educational lecture module to be disseminated to nursing schools. This project is a pilot launch of the module. Methods A task force of IACRN was formed to develop educational materials that could be used as outreach to undergraduate nursing schools. The content included a slide presentation covering an overview of clinical research, the CRN practice, three embedded videos showing CRN and study participant perspectives, and coverage of the care of participants of research by staff nurses. Due to COVID-19 we revised our live lecture approach using either a live synchronous webinar presentation, or an embedded asynchronous course module with YouTube videos for course learning management systems. We presented the content to 408 nursing students attending three academic programs. To evaluate effectiveness and satisfaction, an anonymous, post-presentation survey using web-based QualtricsXM was distributed to students. Results Content and delivery of the module was positively evaluated. There was an improvement in knowledge in each topic. Evaluation responses showed that the content could likely or very likely improve care for their patients (87.4%) and improve patient education for patients in clinical trials (95%). Conclusions Delivering a synchronous or asynchronous module about the CRN practice role to nursing students in academic nursing programs is valuable to increasing awareness of the care of patients in clinical trials, the CRN role, and future professional development.
Duality of practice in clinical research nursing
Authors: Hill Gordon , Ellis Mairghread , Irvine Lindesay 
Published: April 2022

Background International evidence suggests that Clinical Research Nurses (CRN) can have a dual role incorporating both clinical care and research responsibilities. This duality of role often assists in meeting the clinical care and research needs of the participants and can contribute to the credibility of the CRN role. Conversely, it can also lead to feelings of confusion and role conflict as CRN’s time is divided. Aim To identify and explore experiences of clinical and research roles among CRNs. This emerged as a theme in a wider research project exploring CRNs’ experiences of working with clinical nurses. Methods Following an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach, 10 CRNs participated in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Transcribed data were analysed and a number of themes emerged. Duality of role was one of these. Findings Findings indicated that if CRNs fulfil a dual role, this can assist in care provision, research delivery and in building positive relationships with clinical nurses. However, there were also instances when a dual role led to clinical nurses questioning the value of research and to issues with competing demands of clinical care and research. These experiences had an important impact on some of the CRNs and led to reflection on the value of their role. Conclusions This study identifies new understandings of a dual role of the CRN. The findings will inform the preparation and practice of this group of nurses, whilst also leading to a deeper understanding of the CRN’s role in care and research delivery. It will also contribute to a wider appreciation of organisational factors and social interactions that impact on health care research.
Capturing the value and core concepts of the Clinical Research Nurse
Authors: Hansen Bryan R , Whitehouse Claire L , Nkimbeng Manka , Beer Kelly , Mackintosh Katherine , Allgood Sarah , Petchler Claire , Wright Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

Background As nurses, we identify our profession as a caring one, but how does this identity translate from a conceptual definition, to real-world practice for the Clinical Research Nurse? Aim To offer a novel, four-point conceptual model that encapsulates the Clinical Research Nurse’s intrinsic value, active leadership, and direct contribution to high quality, person-centered, safe care, addressing current misperceptions of research nursing. Methods This paper describes the provision of ‘care’, safely delivered by the Clinical Research Nurse through a four-point conceptual model and case-driven example. Discussion Clinical research nursing is conceptualized within the domains of Care and Trust, Role, Impact, and Integration. The case example demonstrates real-world application of these domains and the expertise required to balance the complexities of clinical needs and research demands in a healthcare environment. Conclusions This paper offers a mechanism for understanding the importance of the Clinical Research Nurse and their role in maintaining safety and a high-level view of the care arena. These reflections are considered with an international application for the role.
Las tensiones de los modelos de atención a la salud en las trayectorias de padecimiento de personas con factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles
Authors: Pernía Agustín , Elli Natalia María , Fontana Florencia Belén , Ruscitto Federico , Lifszyc Stephanie , Sarcona Eugenia 
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: describir los elementos que caracterizan los modelos de atención a partir de las trayectorias del padecimiento de personas con factores de riesgo para Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles (ECNT) que asistieron a tres centros de salud de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Material y métodos: estudio de carácter cualitativo y exploratorio. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas basadas en el modelo de Trayectoria del Padecimiento Crónico. Estas estuvieron dirigidas a 15 personas que participaron en tratamientos ofrecidos en tres centros de salud de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos para describir los modelos de atención utilizados por las personas. Resultados las trayectorias del padecimiento evidenciaron la existencia de dos grandes modelos de atención que reflejan las tensiones propias del sistema de salud. Por un lado, un modelo de atención tradicional que reproduce una lógica curativa y biologicista de la salud, cuyo abordaje individualista ejerce presión sobre las personas, dificultando la continuidad del tratamiento. Y por el otro, un modelo de atención integral, que incluye una perspectiva preventivo-promocional y entiende las dimensiones biopsicosociales como constitutivas de la salud. Este último incorpora la ayuda mutua para generar compromiso y participación en las personas para la gestión de su padecimiento. Conclusiones: el compromiso y la ayuda mutua se identificaron como facilitadores para la realización de acciones de cuidado de la salud. Se destaca que reflexionar sobre las tensiones de los diferentes modelos de atención de las ECNT y sus efectos subjetivos en las personas permite repensar las estrategias para su abordaje.
Ultracompact Nanophotonics: Light Emission and Manipulation with Metasurfaces
Authors: Hong Yu-Heng , Hsu Wen-Cheng , Tsai Wei-Cheng , Huang Yao-Wei , Chen Shih-Chen , Kuo Hao-Chung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) technology is prosperous for the betterment of human well-being. With the expeditious needs of miniature functional devices and systems for adaptive optics and light manipulation at will, relevant sensing techniques are thus in the urgent stage of development. Extensive developments in ultrathin artificial structures, namely metasurfaces, are paving the way for the next-generation devices. A bunch of tunable and reconfigurable metasurfaces with diversified catalogs of mechanisms have been developed recently, enabling dynamic light modulation on demand. On the other hand, monolithic integration of metasurfaces and light-emitting sources form ultracompact meta-devices as well as exhibiting desired functionalities. Photon-matter interaction provides revolution in more compact meta-devices, manipulating light directly at the source. This study presents an outlook on this merging paradigm for ultracompact nanophotonics with metasurfaces, also known as metaphotonics. Recent advances in the field hold great promise for the novel photonic devices with light emission and manipulation in simplicity.
PyToxo: a Python tool for calculating penetrance tables of high-order epistasis models
Authors: González-Seoane Borja , Ponte-Fernández Christian , González-Domínguez Jorge , Martín María J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Epistasis is the interaction between different genes when expressing a certain phenotype. If epistasis involves more than two loci it is called high-order epistasis. High-order epistasis is an area under active research because it could be the cause of many complex traits. The most common way to specify an epistasis interaction is through a penetrance table.

Results
This paper presents PyToxo, a Python tool for generating penetrance tables from any-order epistasis models. Unlike other tools available in the bibliography, PyToxo is able to work with high-order models and realistic penetrance and heritability values, achieving high-precision results in a short time. In addition, PyToxo is distributed as open-source software and includes several interfaces to ease its use.

Conclusions
PyToxo provides the scientific community with a useful tool to evaluate algorithms and methods that can detect high-order epistasis to continue advancing in the discovery of the causes behind complex diseases.
Pentad: a tool for distance-dependent analysis of Hi-C interactions within and between chromatin compartments
Authors: Magnitov Mikhail D. , Garaev Azat K. , Tyakht Alexander V. , Ulianov Sergey V. , Razin Sergey V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Understanding the role of various factors in 3D genome organization is essential to determine their impact on shaping large-scale chromatin units such as euchromatin (A) and heterochromatin (B) compartments. At this level, chromatin compaction is extensively modulated when transcription and epigenetic profiles change upon cell differentiation and response to various external impacts. However, detailed analysis of chromatin contact patterns within and between compartments is complicated because of a lack of suitable computational methods.

Results
We developed a tool, Pentad, to perform calculation, visualisation and quantitative analysis of the average chromatin compartment from the Hi-C matrices in cis, trans, and specified genomic distances. As we demonstrated by applying Pentad to publicly available Hi-C datasets, it helps to reliably detect redistribution of contact frequency in the chromatin compartments and assess alterations in the compartment strength.

Conclusions
Pentad is a simple tool for the analysis of changes in chromatin compartmentalization in various biological conditions. Pentad is freely available at https://github.com/magnitov/pentad.
Elevated ASCL1 activity creates de novo regulatory elements associated with neuronal differentiation
Authors: Woods Laura M. , Ali Fahad R. , Gomez Roshna , Chernukhin Igor , Marcos Daniel , Parkinson Lydia M. , Tayoun Ahmad N. Abou , Carroll Jason S. , Philpott Anna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The pro-neural transcription factor ASCL1 is a master regulator of neurogenesis and a key factor necessary for the reprogramming of permissive cell types to neurons. Endogenously, ASCL1 expression is often associated with neuroblast stem-ness. Moreover, ASCL1-mediated reprogramming of fibroblasts to differentiated neurons is commonly achieved using artificially high levels of ASCL1 protein, where ASCL1 acts as an “on-target” pioneer factor. However, the genome-wide effects of enhancing ASCL1 activity in a permissive neurogenic environment has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we overexpressed ASCL1 in the neuronally-permissive context of neuroblastoma (NB) cells where modest endogenous ASCL1 supports the neuroblast programme.

Results
Increasing ASCL1 in neuroblastoma cells both enhances binding at existing ASCL1 sites and also leads to creation of numerous additional, lower affinity binding sites. These extensive genome-wide changes in ASCL1 binding result in significant reprogramming of the NB transcriptome, redirecting it from a proliferative neuroblastic state towards one favouring neuronal differentiation. Mechanistically, ASCL1-mediated cell cycle exit and differentiation can be increased further by preventing its multi-site phosphorylation, which is associated with additional changes in genome-wide binding and gene activation profiles.

Conclusions
Our findings show that enhancing ASCL1 activity in a neurogenic environment both increases binding at endogenous ASCL1 sites and also results in additional binding to new low affinity sites that favours neuronal differentiation over the proliferating neuroblast programme supported by the endogenous protein. These findings have important implications for controlling processes of neurogenesis in cancer and cellular reprogramming.
Influence of reduced N-fertilizer application on foliar chemicals and functional qualities of tea plants under Toxoptera aurantii infestation
Authors: Pokharel Sabin Saurav , Zhong Yanni , Changning Lv , Shen Fangyuan , Likun Li , Parajulee Megha N. , Fang Wanping , Chen Fajun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe tea aphid,Toxoptera aurantii(Boyer de Fonscolombe) is a polyphagous pest predominant in tea orchards and has become the most pernicious pest deteriorating tea quality. Nitrogen (N) is essential to plant growth improvement, and it can significantly impact plant defensive ability against aphid infestation. This study was designed to quantify the influence of reduced N-fertilizer application on foliar chemicals and functional quality parameters of tea plants against the infestation ofT. aurantii. In this study, the tea seedlings (cv. Longjing43) were applied with normal level (NL) of N-fertilizer (240 kg N ha−1) along with reduced N-fertilizer levels (70%NL and 50%NL), and with and withoutT. aurantiiinfestation.ResultsThe results showed that N-fertilizer application significantly affected plant biomass and photosynthetic indexes, foliar soluble nutrients and polyphenols, tea catechins, caffeine, essential amino acids, volatile organic compounds of tea seedlings, and the population dynamics ofT. aurantii. Compared with the normal N-fertilizer level, the reduced N-fertilizer application (70%NL and 50%NL) significantly decreased all the foliar functional quality components of tea seedlings without aphid infestation, while these components were increased in tea seedlings with aphid infestation. Moreover, the transcript expression levels of foliar functional genes (includingCsTCS, CsTs1,andCsGT1) were significantly higher in the NL, and significantly lower in the 50%NL for tea seedlings without aphid infestation, while the transcript expression levels were significantly higher in 50%NL in aphid inoculated tea seedlings.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that the reduced N-fertilizer application could enhance foliar chemicals and functional quality parameters of tea plants especially withT. aurantiiinfestation, which can relieve soil nitrogen pressure and reduce pesticide use for control of tea aphid infestation in tea plantations.
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy with single use bronchoscopes versus reusable bronchoscopes – a prospective randomized trial (TraSUB)
Authors: Tariparast Pischtaz Adel , Brockmann Andrés , Hartwig Rainer , Kluge Stefan , Grensemann Jörn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Apart from conventional reusable bronchoscopes, single-use bronchoscopes (SUB) were recently introduced. Data suggest that SUB might prevent from the risk of cross contamination (i.e. multiresistant pathogens, SARS CoV-2) and save costs. We aimed to investigate visualization, ventilation, handling characteristics, changes in patients’ gas exchange, and costs associated with both types of bronchoscopes during percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT).

Methods
In this prospective, randomized, noninferiority study, 46 patients undergoing PDT were randomized 1:1 to PDT with SUB (Ambu aScope) or reusable bronchoscopes (CONV, Olympus BF-P60). Visualization of tracheal structures rated on 4-point Likert scales was the primary end-point. Furthermore, quality of ventilation, device handling characteristics, changes in the patients’ gas exchange, pH values, and costs were assessed.

Results
Noninferiority for visualization (the primary endpoint) was demonstrated for the SUB group. Mean visualization scores (lower values better) were 4.1 (95% confidence intervals: 3.9;4.3) for SUB vs. 4.1 (4.0;4.2) for CONV. Noninferiority of ventilation (estimated by minute volume and SpO2) during the procedure could be shown as well. Mean score was 2.6 (2.0;3.1) for SUB vs. 2.4 (2.1;2.7) for CONV (lower values better). No significant differences regarding handling (SUB: 1.2 (1.0;1.4), CONV: 1.3 (1.1;1.6)), blood gas analyses and respiratory variables were found. Cost analysis in our institution revealed 93 € per conventional bronchoscopy versus 232.50 € with SUB, not considering an estimate for possible infection due to cross-contamination with the reusable device.

Conclusion
In our study, visualization and overall performance of the SUB during PDT were noninferior to reusable bronchoscopes. Therefore, PDT with SUB is feasible and should be considered if favored by individual institution’s cost analysis.

Trial registration.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03952247. Submitted for registration on 28/04/2019 and first posted on 16/05/2019.
ABO and RhD blood group are not associated with mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients; a multicentre observational study of 29 512 patients
Authors: Kander Thomas , Bjurström Martin F. , Frigyesi Attila , Jöud Magnus , Nilsson Caroline U. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The ABO and RhD blood group represent antigens on the surface of erythrocytes. The ABO blood group antigens are also present on multiple other cells. Interestingly, previous studies have demonstrated associations between the blood group and many types of disease. The present study aimed to identifying associations between the ABO blood group, the RhD blood group, and morbidity and mortality in a mixed cohort and in six pre-defined subgroups of critically ill patients.

Methods
Adult patients admitted to any of the five intensive care units (ICUs) in the Scania Region, Sweden, between February 2007 and April 2021 were eligible for inclusion. The outcomes were mortality analysed at 28– and 90–days as well as at the end of observation and morbidity measured using days alive and free of (DAF) invasive ventilation (DAF ventilation) and DAF circulatory support, including vasopressors or inotropes (DAF circulation), maximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFAmax) the first 28 days after admission and length of stay. All outcomes were analysed in separate multivariable regression models adjusted for age and sex. In addition, in a sensitivity analysis, five subgroups of patients with the main diagnoses sepsis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac arrest and trauma were analysed using the same separate multivariable regression models.

Results
In total, 29,512 unique patients were included in the analyses. There were no significant differences for any of the outcomes between non-O blood groups and blood group O, or between RhD blood groups. In the sensitivity analysis of subgroups, there were no differences in mortality between non-O blood groups and blood group O or between the RhD blood groups. AB was the most common blood group in the COVID-19 cohort.

Conclusions
The ABO and RhD blood group do not influence mortality or morbidity in a general critically ill patient population.
Risk factors of the post-reperfusion syndrome during orthotopic liver transplantation: a clinical observational study
Authors: Sahmeddini Mohammad Ali , Tehran Samaneh Ghazanfar , Khosravi Mohammad Bagher , Eghbal Mohammad Hossein , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Khalili Fatemeh , Vatankhah Pooya , Izadi Somayeh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Post reperfusion syndrome (PRS) is a relatively common and life-threatening complication during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). It is associated with poor patient and transplanted liver outcomes.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the risk factors of PRS during OLT.

Design
Clinical-epidemiological observational retrospective study.

Setting
We gathered the records of patients who underwent OLT in 3 years, from May 22, 2016, to May 22, 2019, in Namazi and Bu-Ali Sina organ transplantation hospitals.

Patients
In this study, we assessed 1182 patients who underwent OLT. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of PRS.

Main outcome measures
Diagnosing the predictors of PRS was the primary outcome of this study.

Results
Results showed that age > 60 years, Child-Pugh scores C, higher Model End Stage liver disease score, and preoperative sodium < 130 mmol/l (parameters of the liver recipient), increase in cold ischemic time (the donors’ parameters), and the classical technique (the surgical parameters) were the strong predictors of PRS.

Conclusions
The results indicated that underlying liver disease was not the predictor of PRS in the presence of other risk factors; therefore, clinicians have to consider these risk factors in patients undergoing OLT.
Anesthesiology trainees performing flexible scope intubation in spontaneously breathing patients in the left lateral position and the supine position: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Charoenkoop Poonyanuch , Luetrakool Punchika , Puttapornpattana Tipanan , Sangdee Nakkanan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Flexible scope intubation is an important airway management skill that requires hands-on training in a real airway. We compared flexible scope intubation by trainees between patients in the left lateral and supine positions.

Methods
Forty patients aged 20 to 80 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I to III were scheduled for elective surgery under general endotracheal anesthesia in Ramathibodi Hospital from February 2020 to June 2020. Patients were randomly assigned to be intubated in one of two positions: supine (Group S) or left lateral (Group L). Trainees performed flexible scope intubation in sedated patients under the supervision of an attending anesthesiologist. Intubation success, time to successful intubation, number of attempts, airway adjustment maneuvers, and hemodynamic changes were compared between groups.

Results
Patient characteristics did not differ between groups except for Mallampati airway classification. The rate of successful intubation on the first attempt and intubation time did not significantly differ between groups. The proportion of patients who required a jaw thrust during intubation was significantly lower in Group L (10.5% vs. 85%; P < 0.01). Blood pressure and oxygen saturation declined in both groups after intubation. The relative risk of desaturation in patients in the left lateral position compared with the supine position was 0.44 (0.1649–1.1978).

Conclusion
The rate of successful flexible scope intubation on the first attempt and intubation time did not differ between the groups. The proportion of patients who required a jaw thrust maneuver was significantly lower in patients in the left lateral position.

Trial registration
https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/ (TCTR20200208001) on 08/02/2020.