bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive decision‐making by women with X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Leo B. , Schneider H. , Hammersen J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) deficiency results in malformation of hair, teeth and sweat glands. Lack of sweating which can cause life‐threatening hyperthermia is amenable to intrauterine therapy with recombinant EDA1.ObjectivesThis study aimed at evaluating reproductive decision‐making by women with XLHED and at clarifying the potential impact of a prenatal treatment option.MethodsIn a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis, a 75‐item questionnaire filled in by 50 women with XLHED (age 19–49 years) was assessed.ResultsSixteen women (32%) prevented pregnancies because of the risk to pass on XLHED; 15 considered assisted reproduction for the same reason. Twelve women had a history of miscarriage, stillbirth or abortion, and three women reported on previous abortion of affected fetuses. When imagining to be pregnant, all except one showed interest in prenatal diagnosis of XLHED and in the possibility of treatment before birth. In 13 out of 50 women (26%), XLHED if detected prenatally would have impact on the continuation of pregnancy. Among 35 mothers of at least one affected child, XLHED had rarely been diagnosed during the first pregnancy (17%) but regularly during subsequent pregnancies (77%). Becoming aware of the condition before birth had caused a moral conflict for 50% of these women. Subjects with an affected child less frequently considered assisted reproduction to prevent XLHED (P < 0.05). In 69% of the women who reported an effect of XLHED on family planning, a prenatal treatment option for this disease would influence their decision‐making.ConclusionsMany pregnant XLHED carriers who seek prenatal diagnosis experience moral conflicts. A prenatal treatment option would have strong impact on reproductive decisions, underlining the importance of adequate professional counselling.
Acute nitrous oxide‐induced neuropathy mimicking Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Qin Xing , Kang Li , Liu Xiao , Jin Jiaoting , Hu Fangfang , Lu Wenhui , Deng Yongning , Chen Qiao Yi , Dang Jingxia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe early clinical features of nitrous oxide (N2O)‐induced neuropathy were mimicking that of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). We aimed to explore clinical and laboratory characteristics of N2O‐induced neuropathy in comparison with GBS. We retrospectively reviewed data of 15 patients with N2O‐induced neuropathy and compared them with 15 GBS patients. The age of the N2O‐induced neuropathy group was significantly younger than that in the GBS group (22 ± 5 vs 45 ± 17). Paresthesia was more common in N2O‐induced neuropathy group (100% vs 53.3%). The proportion of distal upper limbs weakness was lower than that in GBS group (20.0% vs 93.3%). There was no significant difference in the distal weakness of the lower limbs (100% vs 80.0%). The incidence of motor conduction block and compound muscle action potential amplitude reduction in upper limbs was lower than that in GBS group (6.7% vs 60.0%; 26.7% vs 80.0%). The sensory nerve action potential amplitude drop in the lower limbs was more severe than that in GBS group (53.3% vs 0). The increase of Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was more pronounced compared to GBS group (96.97 ± 6.00 vs 88.55 ± 5.41). High homocysteine levels were more common in N2O‐related group [29.80(11.60, 70.50) vs 14.35(9.22, 19.30)]. Typical clinical features of the acute N2O neuropathy appears to be a myeloneuropathy, affecting the lower limbs more than the upper limbs, mixed axonal‐demyelinating electrophysiological performance, higher homocysteine level, and larger MCV and common posterior spinal cord involvement in cervical segment.
Severe COVID‐19 in people 55 and older during the first year of the pandemic in Sweden
Authors: Rosengren Annika , Lundberg Christina E. , Söderberg Mia , Santosa Ailiana , Edqvist Jon , Lindgren Martin , Åberg Maria , Gisslén Magnus , Robertson Josefina , Cronie Ottmar , Sattar Naveed , Lagergren Jesper , Brandén Maria , Björk Jonas , Adiels Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundExposure to many contacts is the main risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, while risk of serious disease and death is chiefly determined by old age and comorbidities. Relative and population‐attributable fractions (PAFs) of multiple medical and social exposures for COVID‐19 outcomes have not been evaluated among older adults.ObjectivesWe describe the effect of multiple exposures on the odds of testing positive for the virus and of severe disease (hospital care or death) and PAFs in Swedish citizens aged 55 years and above.MethodsWe used national registers to follow all citizens aged 55 years and above with respect to (1) testing positive, (2) hospitalization, and (3) death between 31 January 2020 and 1 February 2021.ResultsOf 3,410,241 persons, 156,017 (4.6%, mean age 68.3 years) tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, while 35,999 (1.1%, mean age 76.7 years) were hospitalized or died (12,384 deaths, 0.4%, mean age 84.0 years). Among the total cohort, the proportion living without home care or long‐term care was 98.8% among persons aged 55–64 and 22.1% of those aged 95 and above. After multiple adjustment, home care and long‐term care were associated with odds ratios of 7.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8–9.1) and 22.5 (95% CI 19.6–25.7) for mortality, with PAFs of 21.9% (95% CI 20.9–22.9) and 33.3% (95% CI 32.4–34.3), respectively.ConclusionAmong Swedish residents aged 55 years and above, those with home care or long‐term care had markedly increased risk for COVID‐19 death during the first year of the pandemic, with over 50% of deaths attributable to these factors.
Teachers' Response to Stress, Anxiety and Depression During COVID‐19 Lockdown: What Have We Learned From the Pandemic?
Authors: Lacomba‐Trejo Laura , Schoeps Konstanze , Valero‐Moreno Selene , del Rosario Constanza , Montoya‐Castilla Inmaculada 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAs a result of national lockdown due to the COVID‐19 outbreak, teachers were forced to suspend their classes and replace them with online teaching and home schooling. Additional stressors such as competing family responsibility have increased their worries and mental health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of COVID‐19‐related worries on teachers' emotional symptoms, considering the mediating role of several protective factors.METHODSA total of 614 Chilean teachers (94.60% women) participated in this study using a cross‐sectional design and incidental sampling method. Self‐report data was collected assessing emotional symptoms, COVID‐19‐related worries, life satisfaction, affect balance, and resilience. Descriptive analyses, Pearson's correlations, hierarchical regressions, and mediation models were conducted.RESULTSThe results indicated that emotional symptoms were associated with prepandemic physical and mental health problems, higher levels of worries and negative affect, as well as lower levels of life satisfaction and resilience. Results from the mediation models showed that the negative impact of COVID‐19‐related worries on emotional symptoms was alleviated by affect balance and resilience.CONCLUSIONSThese findings highlight the importance of addressing the risk and protective factors for teachers' mental health during exceptional situations such as the ongoing pandemic.
The 2021 report on oral health in America: Directions for the future of dental public health and the oral health care system
Authors: Quiñonez Carlos , Jones Judith A. , Vujicic Marko , Tomar Scott L. , Lee Jessica Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the two decades between Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General and Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges much good happened but intractable challenges persist. Inequity in oral health status, utilization, and access to care continue to negatively affect the health and economic wellbeing of Americans and their families, local, state, and federal health care systems, and American society overall. To move the nation forward, we argue that: more emphasis is needed in prevention; access to care must be improved to mitigate inequity; newer understandings of oral disease must be leveraged in the service of health and health care; the value that oral health brings to economic wellbeing must be elucidated; better policy choices must be made in all of the above; and more effective oral health care leaders in driving policy change must be trained.
Texture staling of pound cakes assessed by front face fluorescence spectroscopy in tandem with chemometric analysis
Authors: Nhouchi Zeineb , Karoui Romdhane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo vegetal oils have been selected for the formulation of pound cakes, rapeseed oil (RO) and palm oil (PO). The freshness of these products has been monitored during 58 days of storage. The RO pound cakes of 58 days as well as PO pound cakes presented higher values (p < .05) of hardness (N), Young's modulus (N.cm−2) and compressive stress (N.cm−2) than those aged of 5 days. For both vitamin A and tryptophan spectra, the maximum of fluorescence intensity varied according to the aging period. For both RO and PO recipes, lipid oxidation indicators (peroxide value, para‐anisidine value, and total oxidation value [TOTOX]) were interestingly correlated to Young's modulus (R2 = 0.99) as well as compressive stress (R2 = 0.99), using polynomial model. The application of partial least squares regression to the vitamin A spectra provided excellent predictive results for both compressive stress (R2 = 0.99) and TOTOX (R2 = 0.99). Good results were observed for tryptophan spectra for the prediction of TOTOX (R2 = 0.77). Thus, the use of front face fluorescence spectroscopy may provide rapid and accurate results for the monitoring of pound cakes freshness throughout storage.
Critical hydrography in the long nineteenth century
Authors: McAuley Kyle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis essay canvasses a variety of approaches to the cultural and literary study of water in recent historical eras. While various aqueously‐minded approaches have been presented in recent decades, they have not been fully integrated into the ecological mainstream of environmental humanist criticism, particularly in nineteenth‐century studies. This essay integrates discourses across geography, geology, cultural studies, and literary studies in order to theorize critical hydrography, an aqueous approach to cultural objects that apprehends water as an ecological domain influencing both method's design and its attentions. The essay shows how critical hydrography reflexively attaches itself to histories of race, empire, and capital in apprehending the scientific filiations of the environmental humanities. Critical hydrography conceptualizes water as method to raise its visibility in ecocritical discourse.
Cognitive biases and the predictable perils of the patient‐centric free‐market model of medicine
Authors: Shaffer Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the recent rise of the use of alternative medicine in Western countries, and it offers a novel explanation of that phenomenon in terms of cognitive and economic factors related to the free‐market and patient‐centric approach to medicine that is currently in place in those countries, in contrast to some alternative explanations of this phenomenon. Moreover, the paper addresses this troubling trend in terms of the serious harms associated with the use of alternative medical modalities. The explanatory theory defended here is then predicated on the idea that serious and avoidable harms predictably result from an extreme patient‐centric model of medical practice that treats largely ignorant patients as consumers of medical products and services, when they are endowed with an essentially unrestricted power of freedom to choose treatments. Some important moral and epistemological consequences of this model are then articulated, and corrective measures are suggested.
Engineering approaches to investigate the roles of lymphatics vessels in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kraus Samantha E. , Lee Esak 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory joint disorders. While our understanding of the autoimmune processes that lead to synovial degradation has improved, a majority of patients are still resistant to current treatments and require new therapeutics. An understudied and promising area for therapy involves the roles of lymphatic vessels (LVs) in RA progression, which has been observed to have a significant effect on mediating chronic inflammation. RA disease progression has been shown to correlate with dramatic changes in LV structure and interstitial fluid drainage, manifesting in the retention of distinct immune cell phenotypes within the synovium. Advances in dynamic imaging technologies have demonstrated that LVs in RA undergo an initial expansion phase of increased LVs and abnormal contractions followed by a collapsed phase of reduced lymphatic function and immune cell clearance in vivo. However, current animal models of RA fail to decouple biological and biophysical factors that might be responsible for this lymphatic dysfunction in RA, and a few attempted in vitro models of the synovium in RA have not yet included the contributions from the LVs. Various methods of replicating LVs in vitro have been developed to study lymphatic biology, but these have yet not been integrated into the RA context. This review discusses the roles of LVs in RA and the current engineering approaches to improve our understanding of lymphatic pathophysiology in RA.
Prevalence of Sjögren's syndrome in patients with dry mouth in the region of Central Hungary
Authors: Dézsi Anna Júlia , Erdei Csilla , Demeter Tamás , Kovács Alexandra , Nagy Gábor , Mensch Károly , Németh Orsolya , Hermann Péter , Tóth György , Füst Ágnes , Kiss Emese Virág , Kőhidai László , Zalatnai Attila , Márton Krisztina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveOne‐third of the Hungarian population suffers from xerostomia. Since there is no evidence of the actual prevalence of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in Hungary, this study aimed to evaluate the same.Materials and MethodsData were collected from the Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University from 2008 to 2015. A diagnosis of SS was established based on the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism criteria.ResultsOf the 1076 patients examined with sicca symptoms, 188 patients had confirmed SS. Primary SS (pSS) was diagnosed in 135 patients and secondary SS (sSS) was confirmed in 53 patients. According to the available statistical records of the public health service of Hungary, there were an average of 16 (0.0014%, 5–26) newly diagnosed SS cases in the entire population and 141 SS patient‐practitioner consultations (49–232) per 100,000 inhabitants in the country over the past 10 years (based on the past 10 years: 2011–2020).ConclusionResults revealed that approximately 1/5th–1/6th of patients with sicca symptoms have SS, among whom 72% and 285 have pSS and sSS, respectively. Global Hungarian records simultaneously revealed that the number of both new diagnoses and doctor‐SS patient encounters has significantly decreased (by 50%) yearly over the last decade.
Effect of Nellore (Bos indicus) donor age on in‐vitro embryo production and pregnancy rate
Authors: de Silva Marina Oliveira , Borges Marcelo Sant'Ana , Fernandes Luana Gomes , Rodrigues Naiara Nantes , Watanabe Yeda Fumie , Joaquim Daniel Carlino , Oliveira Clara Slade , da Feuchard Viviane Luzia Silva , dos Cyrillo Joslaine Noely Santos Gonçalves , Mercadante Maria Eugênia Zerlotti , Monteiro Fabio Morato 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age of Nellore (Bos indicus) donors on the efficiency of in vitro embryo production (IVEP) and pregnancy rate. Thirty‐six donors, including 11 female calves (13 ± 0.61 months), 17 prepubertal heifers (25 ± 0.78 months) and 8 cows (83 ± 28 months), were submitted to 3 procedures of ovum pickup (OPU) on random days of the estrous cycle at intervals of 21 days. Caspase‐3 and IGFBP2 were quantified in oocytes and blastocysts for the evaluation of oocyte and embryo quality. The produced embryos were vitrified (n = 445) and transferred to synchronized recipients. Cows produced a larger number of follicles (cows: 54.5 ± 6.2; calves: 20.0 ± 0.57; prepubertal heifers: 20.8 ± 0.46), total oocytes (cows: 45.97 ± 7.22; calves: 28.93 ± 6.14; prepubertal heifers: 27.21 ± 4.94) and cleaved oocytes (cows: 21.14 ± 4.22; calves: 13.09 ± 3.72; prepubertal heifers: 12.4 ± 3.19). The cleavage rate was similar between age categories; however, cows tended (p < 0.07) to produce a larger number of blastocysts (9.74 ± 2.26) per OPU than calves (5.57 ± 1.99) and prepubertal heifers tended to have a higher blastocyst yield (35.4%) than calves (27.1%) (p < .07). The expression levels of IGFBP2 and caspase‐3 were higher in oocytes derived from calves compared to the other two categories. The pregnancy rate was higher in calves (43.1%) and cows (40.4%) than in prepubertal heifers (33.8%) (p = .03). Despite the larger numbers of follicles and viable oocytes in cows, the blastocyst production results and pregnancy rates obtained indicate that the use of young females as oocyte donors in IVEP is feasible and may contribute to reduce the generation interval.
Assessing Predictive Discrimination Performance of Biomarkers in The Presence of Treatment-Induced Dependent Censoring
Authors: Zhang Cuihong , Ning Jing , Belle Steven H. , Squires Robert H. , Cai Jianwen , Li Ruosha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn medical studies, some therapeutic decisions could lead to dependent censoring for the survival outcome of interest. This is exemplified by a study of paediatric acute liver failure, where death was subject to dependent censoring due to liver transplantation. Existing methods for assessing the predictive performance of biomarkers often pose the independent censoring assumption and are thus not applicable. In this work, we propose to tackle the dependence between the failure event and dependent censoring event using auxiliary information in multiple longitudinal risk factors. We propose estimators of sensitivity, specificity and area under curve, to discern the predictive power of biomarkers for the failure event by removing the disturbance of dependent censoring. Point estimation and inferential procedures were developed by adopting the joint modelling framework. The proposed methods performed satisfactorily in extensive simulation studies. We applied them to examine the predictive value of various biomarkers and risk scores for mortality in the motivating example.
Brain Stimulation Over the Motion-Sensitive Midtemporal Area Reduces Deleterious Effects of Mental Fatigue on Perceptual–Cognitive Skills in Basketball Players
Authors: Fortes Leonardo S. , Ferreira Maria E.C. , Faro Heloiana , Penna Eduardo M. , Almeida Sebastião S. 
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over the motion-sensitive midtemporal area on perceptual–cognitive skills (visuomotor and basketball decision-making skills) in mentally fatigued basketball players. A total of 20 male basketball players were recruited. This was a randomized, double-blinded, and counterbalanced crossover study with two experimental conditions: a-tDCS and Sham. The participants completed the basketball decision-making task and visuomotor skill after performing a 60-min sport-based videogame task with anodal (i.e., a-tDCS) or placebo (Sham) stimulation over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area. Worse response time was observed in visuomotor skill for Sham than a-tDCS postexperiment (p < .05). There was no main condition effect for accuracy of visuomotor skill (p > .05). There was more impairment in accuracy and response time in basketball decision-making skills for the Sham condition than a-tDCS (p < .05). Notably, a-tDCS over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area removed the negative effects of mental fatigue on perceptual–cognitive skills.
Metastatic melanoma to the heart causing ventricular tachycardia: looking beyond the troponin
Authors: Goodall Jack , Beveridge Natalie E R , Rasoul Debar , Bhamidipati Kalyan Ram 
Published: May 2022

A man in his mid-50s presented with palpitations, chest pain and syncope. After initial workup for a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, a CT scan revealed metastatic melanoma. The malignancy was infiltrating his right ventricle, resulting in recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Although initially hard to manage, his arrhythmias were eventually controlled with medication. Unfortunately, despite an initial response to immunotherapy, he died six months after diagnosis.Cardiac metastases are rare, but melanoma has a high predication for metastasising to the heart and a small number of cases of such metastases causing ventricular arrhythmias have previously been reported. This case shows the importance of concurrent investigations when patients report multiple, seemingly unrelated symptoms as a unifying diagnosis may be uncovered.
Automatic vein measurement by ultrasonography to prevent peripheral intravenous catheter failure for clinical practice using artificial intelligence: development and evaluation study of an automatic detection method based on deep learning
Authors: Takahashi Toshiaki , Nakagami Gojiro , Murayama Ryoko , Abe-Doi Mari , Matsumoto Masaru , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesComplications due to peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) can be assessed using ultrasound imaging; however, it is not routinely conducted due to the need for training in image reading techniques. This study aimed to develop and validate a system that automatically measures blood vessel diameters on ultrasound images using artificial intelligence (AI) and provide recommendations for selecting an implantation site.DesignPilot study.SettingThe University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFirst, based on previous studies, the vessel diameter was calculated as the mean value of the maximum long diameter plus the maximum short diameter orthogonal to it. Second, the size of the PIVC to be recommended was evaluated based on previous studies. For the development and validation of an automatic detection tool, we used a fully convoluted network for automatic estimation of vein location and diameter. The agreement between manually generated correct data and automatically estimated data was assessed using Pearson’s product correlation coefficient, systematic error was identified using the Bland-Altman plot, and agreement between catheter sizes recommended by the research nurse and those recommended by the system was evaluated.ResultsThrough supervised machine learning, automated determination was performed using 998 ultrasound images, of which 739 and 259 were used as the training and test data set, respectively. There were 24 false-negatives indicating no arteries detected and 178 true-positives indicating correct detection. Correlation of the results between the system and the nurse was calculated from the 178 images detected (r=0.843); no systematic error was identified. The agreement between the sizes of the PIVC recommended by the research nurse and the system was 70.2%; 7% were underestimated and 21.9% were overestimated.ConclusionsOur automated AI-based image processing system may aid nurses in assessing peripheral veins using ultrasound images for catheterisation; however, further studies are still warranted.t