bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Irreversible Pulpitis: A Protocol Proposal and Preliminary Data
Authors: Fouad Ashraf F. 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionAn attempt to determine the association of a large array of inflammatory proteins in pulpitis with precise measurement of clinical signs and symptoms, and to correlate these findings with levels in peripheral blood has not been reported. Such an analysis could serve to identify key clinical findings and potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis of vital pulp therapy. The aim of this study was to undertake a preliminary, proof-of-concept study to correlate the levels of key inflammatory mediators in cariously exposed dental pulp of adults with reversible or irreversible pulpitis, and no apical periodontitis, with a panel of subjective and objective diagnostic clinical findings as well as the status of the pulp upon exposure. Pulpal and peripheral blood inflammatory mediators were also compared.MethodsDental pulp and peripheral blood were sampled. The Luminex technology was used to assess the expression of a panel of 45 inflammatory proteins to determine their association with clinical signs and symptoms of reversible or irreversible pulpitis.ResultsData from three pulpal and three peripheral blood samples were used for the analysis. The correlation of levels of the 45 proteins in the inflamed dental pulp and peripheral blood was 0.87. The pulp had significantly higher levels of these proteins collectively than peripheral blood (t-test, p = 0.047). The following proteins had correlated at a level of ≥0.8 with the duration of pain with cold: MMP-12, MMP-9, RANTES, MIP-2, MCP-1, MMP-2, MMP-1, and P-Selectin. Relatively high correlations (0.5-0.75) were also present between these proteins and presenting pain level.ConclusionsSeveral pulpal proteins correlated well with spontaneous and evoked pain parameters. Peripheral blood may not be necessary in future similar studies. Finally, additional data is needed to identify candidate proteins to be investigated as potential markers of truly irreversible pulp inflammation.
The Multiple Metamorphism of Mafic Granulites From the East Hebei Terrane, North China Craton: Insights Into the Transition of Tectonic Regimes
Authors: Liu Ting , Wei Chunjing , Yang Chuan , Li Zhuang 
Published: May 2022

The East Hebei terrane from the North China Craton preserves the dome–and–keel structures, which was transected by a later linear belt in the north margin. Mafic granulites from the linear belt and domes record two groups of metamorphic ages at Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic, but their accurate metamorphic peak conditions and paths have not been well addressed. Three samples of mafic granulites, including two-pyroxene granulite (JD15120), garnet-bearing two-pyroxene granulite (YC8-43), and garnet clinopyroxene granulite (JD1546), were documented for detailed metamorphic studies. Two-episode metamorphism can be recognized. The first-episode recovered from JD15120 and YC8-43 is represented by peak assemblage of medium-grained clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, and ilmenite, which yields ultrahigh temperature (UHT) conditions of 940–960°C at 7.5–8.5 kbar and 950–990°C at 8 kbar, respectively, constrained by contours of the maximum anorthite (XAn) in plagioclase cores. The post-peak evolution is dominated by cooling with decompression, constrained mostly from the measured core-to-rim decreasing XAn in plagioclase. By contrast, the second-episode overprinting is recognized in all samples, but exhibits varying textures. In garnet-bearing samples (YC8-43 and JD1546), the overprinting assemblages are characterized by poikilitic garnet that occurs either as coronae around the first-episode pyroxenes, forming “red-eye socket” textures, or as grains in equilibrium with tiny-grained clinopyroxene, plagioclase, amphibole, rutile, and quartz, forming high-pressure (HP) granulite assemblages. These HP granulite assemblages show peak conditions of ∼12 kbar/860°C and ∼12.6 kbar/835°C, constrained by contours of the maximum grossular (XGrs) in garnet cores and the minimum XAn in plagioclase cores. The post-peak evolution is dominated by isothermal decompression, constrained from the outward decreasing XGrs in garnet and increasing XAn in plagioclase. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating on JD15120 and JD1546 suggests two metamorphic ages of ∼2.49 Ga and ∼1.78 Ga, being considered to be correlated with the UHT and HP granulite metamorphism, respectively. Tectonically, the late Neoarchean UHT granulite metamorphism may correlate a vertical sagduction regime, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic HP granulite metamorphism is favored to register the continental collision in the northern margin of the North China Craton. This study may have indications for the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic tectonic transition of the craton.
Identifying New Classes of High Temperature Superconductors With Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Quinn Margaret R. , McQueen Tyrel M. 
Published: May 2022

Applying machine learning to aid the search for high temperature superconductors has recently been a topic of significant interest due to the broad applications of these materials but is challenging due to the lack of a quantitative microscopic model. Here we analyze over 33,000 entries from the Superconducting Materials Database, maintained by the National Institute for Materials Science of Japan, assigning crystal structures to each entry by correlation with Materials project and other structural databases. These augmented inputs are combined with material-specific properties, including critical temperature, to train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to identify superconductors. Classification models achieve accuracy &gt;95% and regression models trained to predict critical temperature achieve R2 &gt;0.92 and mean absolute error ≈ 5.6 K. A crystal-graph representation whereby an undirected graph encodes atom sites (graph vertices) and their bonding relationships (graph edges), is used to represent materials’ periodic crystal structure to the CNNs. Trained networks are used to search though 130,000 crystal structures in the Materials Project for high temperature superconductor candidates and predict their critical temperature; several materials with model-predicted TC &gt;30 K are proposed, including rediscovery of the recently explored infinite layer nickelates.
Economics of Crop Rotations With and Without Carinata for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production in the SE United States
Authors: Karami Omid , Dwivedi Puneet , Lamb Marshall , Field John L. 
Published: May 2022

In 2019, the aviation sector in the United States emitted 255 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, i.e., about five percent of the total domestic CO2 emissions from the energy sector. The sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) derived from carinata (Brassica carinata) could reduce CO2 emissions of the aviation sector in the United States. Therefore, it is important to estimate changes in farm economics with and without carinata for ascertaining its production feasibility. In this context, the current study first assesses a combination of 12 popular rotations of corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean with winter crops of winter wheat and carinata in South Georgia over 4 years. Then, the net present values (NPVs) of 292 feasible cropping systems over 4 years are calculated. Finally, this study develops a risk model for ascertaining the probability distributions of NPVs for selected cropping systems subject to uncertainties related to prices and yields of summer and winter crops. Carinata in the corn-corn-soybean rotation has the highest NPV ($2,996/ha). The least risky rotation is cotton-cotton-peanut, with a 58.9% probability of a positive NPV. Carinata can decrease the risk level of crop rotations by 8.1%, only if a contract price of $440.9/t is offered. Therefore, a risk averse, risk neutral, or risk acceptant farmer can potentially include carinata in the rotation. Overall, carinata would increase the profitability of farm operations and decrease risk in the SE United States, and therefore, a high likelihood exists, that farmers would adopt it for meeting the growing demand for SAF in the United States.
Fate of Parasites and Viruses in Calcium Hydroxide-Treated Urine in Relation to Temperature and Moisture Content
Authors: Senecal Jenna , Nordin Annika Christina , Decrey Loïc , Kohn Tamar , Vinnerås Björn 
Published: May 2022

Human urine can be used as fertilizer and technologies, such as alkaline-urine treatment, are being developed to enable easier re-use. There is, however, a risk of pathogens being present in the urine. This hygiene assessment examined inactivation of three model organisms, one parasite (Ascaris suum) and two viruses (coliphages MS2 and ΦX174), during 1) alkaline-urine treatment and 2) drying of the alkalized-urine (A. suum only). Fresh human urine was mixed with calcium hydroxide (10 g Ca(OH)2 L−1 urine) and divided into three fractions (Mixed liquor, Supernate, Precipitates). The factions were inoculated with the model organisms and then subjected to three treatments (Drying-storage, Stored and Thermal treatment) at temperatures between 20 and 50°C. For Ascaris, drying (moisture content (MC) 13–33%) the alkaline-urine proved effective in shortening the time required for a 3 log10 reduction in viable eggs at 20°C, but only Partially drying (MC 73–82%) the urine led to longer inactivation times compared with Wet (MC &gt;90%) or Dry conditions. While virus inactivation took place during the initial addition of Ca(OH)2, the viruses that were embedded in feces survived longer compared to the free viruses. At pH 11.5, contact times of 1.5 and 90.7 min were required to achieve a 4 log10 decay of phages in solution and phages embedded in feces respectively. In areas prone to parasites, Thermal treatment (≥42°C) and/or Storage (111 days at 20°C or 79 days at 35°C) is recommended in order to meet the WHO and USEPA guidelines for unrestricted fertilizer use. Drying (MC 73–82%) can also be used in combination with thermal treatment and/or storage, to accelerate the process.
Oseltamivir Treatment for Influenza During the Flu Season of 2018–2019: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Xiao-Guang , Chen Jing , Wang Wei , Lin Fei , Li Lu , Liang Jing-Jin , Deng Zhong-Hua , Zhang Bi-Ying , Jia Ying , Su Yuan-Bo , Kang Yong-Feng , Du Juan , Liu Ya-Qiong , Xu Jie , Lu Qing-Bin 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundOseltamivir resistance in influenza virus (IFV) has been of widespread concern. An increase in the frequency of viruses with reduced inhibition was observed. Whether oseltamivir is effective is uncertain. We conducted this study to understand the real-world situation in northern China and the clinical efficacy for patients with IFV infection after the use of oseltamivir.MethodsThe longitudinal study was performed on influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing, China during the flu season of 2018–2019. All ILI cases (≥18 years) were recruited into the study. We analyzed the effect of the oseltamivir therapy on the number of clinic visits, hospitalization frequency, and the duration of fever and cough.ResultsA total of 689 ILI patients were recruited in this study with 355 in the oseltamivir therapy group and 334 in the supportive therapy group. Among the ILI patients, 388 patients were detected for IFV infection (364 IFV-A and 24 IFV-B) and divided into two groups with or without the oseltamivir therapy (302 vs. 86). There were no significant differences in the basic characteristics between the oseltamivir and supportive therapy groups in the ILI patients or in the IFV positive patients (all p &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for the potential confounders, oseltamivir therapy reduced the times of clinic visits in the ILI and IFV positive patients (p = 0.043 and p = 0.011). No effectiveness with oseltamivir therapy was observed in the outcomes of hospitalization frequency, and the duration of fever and cough.ConclusionOseltamivir use may reduce the times of clinic visits. However, we did not observe the differences in the duration of fever, cough, and the frequency of hospitalization between oseltamivir therapy and supportive therapy.
Filling Defect of Ipsilateral Transverse Sinus in Acute Large Artery Occlusion
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhang Sheng , Yan Shenqiang , Zhang Meixia , Zhang Ruiting , Shi Feina , Liebeskind David S. , Parsons Mark , Lou Min 
Published: May 2022

Background and PurposeCerebral venous systems play a key role in regulating stroke outcomes. We aimed to elucidate the effect of the transverse sinus (TS) filling patterns on edema expansion and neurological outcomes in patients with acute large artery occlusion (LAO).Materials and MethodsWe recruited consecutive patients with acute M1 middle cerebral artery and/or internal carotid artery occlusion who underwent pretreatment computed tomographic perfusion (CTP). On the reconstructed 4-dimensional computed tomographic angiography derived from CTP, the filling defect of the ipsilateral transverse sinus (FDITS) was defined as the length of contrast filling defect occupying at least half of the ipsilateral TS. An unfavorable outcome was defined as having a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3–6 at 3 months.ResultsA total of 318 patients were enrolled in the final analysis and 70 (22.0%) patients had baseline FDITS. The presence of FDITS was associated with the baseline NIHSS (odds ratio [OR] 1.119; 95% CI, 1.051–1.192; p &lt; 0.001) and poor arterial collaterals (OR 3.665; 95% CI 1.730–7.766; p = 0.001). In addition, FDITS was associated with 24-h brain edema expansion (OR 7.188; 95% CI, 3.095–16.696; p &lt; 0.001) and 3-month unfavorable outcome (OR 8.143; 95% CI 2.547–26.041; p &lt; 0.001) independent of arterial collateral status. In the subgroup analysis of patients with FDITS who received reperfusion therapy, no significant difference was found in the rate of edema expansion and unfavorable outcome between non-reperfusion and reperfusion subgroups (both p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionFilling defect of the ipsilateral transverse sinus was associated with edema expansion and an unfavorable outcome irrespective of the baseline arterial collateral status in patients with acute LAO, indicating that FDITS may be an important stroke-related prognostic imaging marker.
The Role of PD-L1 Expression in Prediction and Stratification of Recurrent or Refractory Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Gao Li-Min , Zhang Yue-Hua , Shi Xiaoliang , Liu Yang , Wang Junwei , Zhang Wen-Yan , Liu Wei-Ping 
Published: May 2022

Background and AimsThe clinical outcome of relapsed and refractory (RR) extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is poor. It is necessary to identify RR patients in ENKTL and find novel therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of patients with RR ENKTL.MethodsA total of 189 ENKTL patients with effective clinical characteristics were enrolled. Paraffin specimens were collected for PD-L1 expression identification. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was performed for survival analysis. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for identifying the mutational characterization of RR and effective treatment (ET) patients.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that negative PD-L1 expression (HR = 1.132, 95% CI = 0.739-1.734, P = 0.036) was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with ENKTL. The overall survival (OS) of PD-L1 positive patients was significantly higher than that of PD-L1 negative patients (P = 0.009). Then, we added PD-L1 expression as a risk factor to the model of Prognostic Index of Natural Killer Lymphoma (PINK), and named as PINK+PD-L1. The PINK+PD-L1 model can significantly distinguish RR patients, ET patients, and the whole cohort. Moreover, our data showed that PD-L1 expression was lower than 25% in most RR patients, suggesting that RR subtypes may be associated with low expression of PD-L1 (P = 0.019). According to the whole exome sequencing (WES), we found that the mutation frequencies of JAK-STAT (P = 0.001), PI3K-AKT (P = 0.02) and NF-kappa B (P &lt; 0.001) pathways in RR patients were significantly higher than those in ET patients.ConclusionPatients tend to show RR when PD-L1 expression is lower than 25%. The model of PINK+PD-L1 can stratify the risk of different groups and predict OS in ENKTL patients. The mutational profile of ENKTL patients with RR is different from that of patients with ET.
PD-1/PD-L1 Correlates With the Efficacy of the Treatment of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Zhang Hanqun , Tan Shisheng , Fang Chunju , Zhang Qi , Cao Xue , Liu Yuncong 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCervical cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with high mortality rates. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/(PD-1 ligand) PD-L1 has been reported to be an effective indicator in cancer development. In this study, we aim to explore the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in the evaluation of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) efficacy and prognosis in CC patients.MethodsWe included 55 CC patients in this study. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were employed to detect the expression of PD-1, Treg cells, CD8, and CD68 in tumor tissues, and the contents of PD-1+ CD8+ T cells, PD-1+ CD4+ T cells, and PD-1+ Treg cells in the peripheral blood. The relationships of these indexes with CCRT efficacy were measured by Spearman correlation analysis, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier estimator, and the diagnostic values of these indexes in CC were assessed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe clinical effectivity rate of CCRT was 89.10%. The positive expressions of PD-L1, Treg cells, PD-1+ CD8+ T cells, PD-1+ CD4+ T cells, and PD-1+ Treg cells were reduced after CCRT, while the CD8 and CD68 increased. All 7 indexes had diagnostic values in evaluating CCRT efficacy and were considered the influencing factors of OS, DFS, and the prognosis of CC patients.ConclusionThese findings indicate that PD-1/PD-L1 may be a potential indicator for the efficacy evaluation of CCRT and the prognosis of CC. This study may offer potential targets for CC treatment.
Reducing Metabolic Dysregulation in Obese Latina and/or Hispanic Breast Cancer Survivors Using Physical Activity (ROSA) Trial: A Study Protocol
Authors: Gonzalo-Encabo Paola , Wilson Rebekah L. , Kang Dong-Woo , Norris Mary K. , Uno Hajime , Christopher Cami N. , Chow Christina , Sami Nathalie , Fox Frank S. , Ligibel Jennifer A. , Dieli-Conwright Christina M. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundLatina and Hispanic breast cancer survivors (LHBCS) are at increased risk for long-term complications and poorer metabolic health, including metabolic dysregulation (MetD) before and following breast cancer diagnosis. MetD can increase risk of cancer recurrence, death, and comorbid conditions by increasing inflammation and cancer cell proliferation. While exercise improves physical fitness and metabolic outcomes in breast cancer survivors, there is a lack of studies including underrepresented and disadvantaged minority groups such as LHBCS.MethodsOur 12-month randomized (exercise or attention control) controlled trial (the ROSA trial) aims to utilize a progressive combined aerobic and resistance exercise program to improve MetD, insulin resistance, and visceral adiposity among obese LHBCS. We aim to recruit 160 women with Stage I-III breast cancer who are sedentary, centrally obese, and have completed treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation, chemotherapy) prior to enrollment. Participants randomized to the exercise group receive 16-weeks of virtually supervised aerobic and resistance training, followed by 16-weeks of unsupervised home-based aerobic and resistance exercise, and 16-weeks of follow-up. The attention control group receive a 12-month home-based stretching program. Primary and secondary outcomes are measured every 4-weeks during study visits.DiscussionThe ROSA trial is the first exercise oncology trial targeting high-risk sedentary, obese LHBCS to improve MetD-related outcomes. Results of this trial will help illuminate how exercise impacts health-related outcomes, survivorship, and recurrence, and inform future exercise oncology guidelines to reduce health disparities among minority cancer survivors.
Surgical Management of Falcotentorial Junction Tumors: A Case Series Report
Authors: Liu Peixi , Wang Xiaowen , Liu Yingjun , Cai Jiajun , Yang Zixiao , Quan Kai , Zhu Wei , Song Jianping 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe surgical strategy for falcotentorial junction tumors remains complex. Different approaches are selected according to the location and growth pattern of the tumor and the operator’s experience. This report reviews our single-institution experience in the surgical management of falcotentorial junction tumors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical and imaging data, surgical strategy, and follow-up outcomes of 49 patients treated from 2007 to 2020.ResultAll 49 patients (12 male, 37 female, mean age: 56.3 ± 11.3 years) underwent safe tumor resection. The most common complaints were headache (43%), dizziness (39%), and unstable gait (16%). Thirty percent of the tumors showed calcification, and the computed tomography scans revealed hydrocephalus in 36% of the patients. On magnetic resonance imaging, 43% of the tumors were unilateral. According to the Asari classification, the tumors were divided into inferior (16%), superior (29%), anterior (22%), and posterior (33%) types. The occipital interhemispheric approach (88%) and supracerebellar–infratentorial approach (10%) were primarily used to reach the tumors. The pathology examination results revealed that 85.7% of the tumors were meningioma and 14.3% were hemangiopericytoma. Of the 49 patients, 15 achieved a Simpson grade I resection, and 29 achieved a Simpson grade II resection. The follow-up rate was 77.6% (38/45); 94.7% of patients (36/38) achieved a favorable outcome, and 9 experienced tumor recurrences.ConclusionSurgical approach selection depends on the growth characteristics of the tumor and the degree of venous or sinus involvement. The occipital interhemispheric approach is the most commonly used and safest approach for falcotentorial junction tumors with multiple brain pressure control assistance techniques.