bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of risk factors for obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension in high school children and screening of high-risk children for glycosuria: A cross-sectional study in Dharwad District, India
Authors: Jahagirdar Shubhashri , Bant Dattatraya D. , Kurugodiyavar Mahesh D , Godbole Maneesha 
Published: March 2022

Background: India is currently undergoing a demographic and epidemiological transition leading to the occurrence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, which were once considered as disease of the elderly among the adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dharwad district, Karnataka, including 1600 students between 11–17 years age group, across both private and government schools located in both rural and urban areas; information on socio-demographic variables, physical activity, dietary habits, substance abuse, and family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and level of stress among participants was collected. Anthropometric measurements were taken, blood pressure was measured, general physical examination was done to look for signs of insulin resistance. Urine was examined for the presence of glucose using urine glucose strips in overweight children with ≥2 risk factors (American Diabetes Association criteria for children). Results: Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 4.6% and hypertension was 14.8%. Multivariate logistic regression done for variables found significant in univariate analysis on comparison of risk factors between overweight and normal children showed higher odds for family h/o diabetes (OR = 1.14, CI: 0.58–2.23), private school (OR = 1.5, CI: 0.75–2.96), high socio-economic status (OR = 2.0, CI: 0.95–4.30), hypertension (OR = 2.0, CI: 0.95–4.30) and acanthosis nigricans (OR = 219, CI: 71.49–672.42) among overweight and for variables found significant in univariate analysis on comparison of risk factors between hypertensives and normotensives showed higher odds for inadequate sleep (OR = 1.4, CI: 1.00–1.87), private school (OR = 1.32, CI: 0.96–1.81), high SES (OR = 1.43, CI: 0.95–2.14), psychological stress (OR = 1.97, CI: 1.42–2.73) and obesity (OR = 6.98, CI: 3.75–12.98). Conclusions: Health education on healthy diet consumption and physical activity, BMI calculation and tracking of blood pressure should be integrated into school health programs.
Developing the RIGHT extension statement for practice guideline protocols: the RIGHT-P statement protocol
Authors: Luo Xufei , Akl Elie A. , Zhu Ying , Lv Meng , Liu Xiao , Song Yang , Wang Ping , Wang Jianjian , Song Xuping , Amer Yasser S. , Litvin Andrey , Chen Yaolong 
Published: March 2022

Background: A protocol for a practice guideline can facilitate the guideline development process, ensure its transparency, and improve the quality of the guidelines. However, there are currently no reporting guideline for guideline protocols. Methods: We intend to develop an extension of the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) statement for guideline protocols (RIGHT-P). We will follow the toolkit for developing a reporting guideline developed by the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) network. We will form a multidisciplinary international team of experts. The development of RIGHT-P will be conducted in 12 steps grouped in three stages over a two-year period. Results: The results of RIGHT-P statement will be presented in an article to be published later. Conclusion: This report describes the process of RIGHT-P statement development. We believe RIGHT-P will help guideline developers improve the reporting of guideline protocols and indirectly improve their quality and the quality of guidelines. Registration: We registered the protocol on the EQUATOR network.
Recurrence in Plasmodium vivax malaria: a prospective cohort study with long follow-up from a coastal region in South-West India
Authors: Gandrala Divya , Gupta Nitin , Lavu Alekhya , Nallapati Vishnu Teja , Guddattu Vasudeva , Saravu Kavitha 
Published: March 2022

Background: India is endemic forPlasmodium vivax(Pv)malaria.Despite a decrease in incidence, its elimination ishampered by recurrences. This study aimed to characterize recurrences inPvmalaria and study its association with primaquine (PQ) usage.Methods: Symptomatic adultPvpatients were followed-up for up to 23 months for recurrences. The time to recurrence was compared by the PQ dosage they received using a log-rank test.Results:Of the 294 malaria patients, 206 (70%) patients hadPvinfection during the study period. A total of 20 (9.7%) recurrences were seen in 17 (8.2%) patients ofPv. The percentage of first-time recurrences were highest in the no PQ group (25%), followed by the weekly PQ group (20%), low dose daily PQ (8.2%) group, and high dose daily PQ group (3.1%).Conclusions:Recurrence inPvmalaria is common, especially in those who receive an inappropriate prescription of primaquine.
Human health risk assessment of some important trace elements in boneless whole chicken meat
Authors: Al-Subeihi Ala' Ali Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

Background: Excessive trace element exposure has been linked to a variety of harmful health impacts. The goal of this study was to track the amounts of several trace elements in boneless whole chicken samples collected from various shops in Amman, Jordan. Methods: Using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), 30 samples were collected and examined for aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The calculated health risk in Jordanians was based on the measured concentrations of these elements. Results: The element concentrations were such that Fe > Zn > Al > Mn > Cu > Cr > As > Pb > Cd > Hg, with As, Cu, Mn, and Zn exceeding the maximum allowable levels. The combined THQs for these trace elements, on the other hand, were 25.22, a value > 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic effects in adult population. As, Cd, and Cr had cancer risk factors that were 46.80, 8.81, and 41.42 times higher than the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk (10-5), respectively. Conclusions: Current research shows that Jordanian consumers are at risk of eating boneless whole chicken.
Who Gives Back? Evidence from India on Successful Entrepreneurial Exit and Involvement in Philanthropy
Authors: Hans Leena Kinger , Vissa Balagopal (Bala) 
Published: March 2022

Although successful commercial entrepreneurship has beneficial consequences for the economy, it is unclear whether it is unequivocally good for broader society. We shed light on this macro issue by delving into a specific micropathway linking commercial entrepreneurship with positive spillover effects for broader society. We ask which commercial entrepreneurs who have experienced economic success through a financial exit event from their for-profit venture engage in philanthropy—defined as systematically stimulating, supporting, and shaping social change efforts—after exit. Utilizing the status characteristics framework, we conceptualize how hierarchical positions on ascribed social status characteristics (caste and gender in our setting) and achieved social status characteristics (eliteness of Indian tertiary educational attainment and overseas tertiary educational attainment in our setting) regulate successful commercial entrepreneurs’ subsequent involvement in philanthropy. We argue that successful commercial entrepreneurs from disadvantaged ascribed-status groups or privileged achieved-status groups are more likely to transition to philanthropic activities because they more keenly perceive the need for societal change and are also more motivated to take action. Quantitative analyses on a sample of 673 Indian entrepreneurs who experienced a successful financial exit from their for-profit venture during 2003–2013, supplemented by qualitative interviews, support our theorizing. We advance management research by highlighting founder transitions from successful commercial entrepreneurship to philanthropy as a hitherto understudied mechanism driving positive social change. We thus open up new research avenues around the less-studied exit stage of entrepreneurship that allows for the integration of currently unconnected literatures around corporate philanthropy, elites, entrepreneurship, and social impact. Funding: B. Vissa gratefully acknowledges financial support from INSEAD’s Emerging Markets Institute. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1572 .
Lived experiences of women with memories of childbirth
Authors: Suzuki Yumiko , Okubo Noriko 
Published: March 2022

Background Few studies have explored women's experiences of the memories of childbirth. This study aimed to describe how women recall memories of childbirth in their daily life, in order to improve childbirth and postpartum care. Methods A descriptive phenomenology was used. Unstructured interviews with six women recruited using snowball sampling were conducted, asking them to reflect on their childbirth memories and the experience of memory recall. Results In daily life, women did not recall the memories of childbirth often. After childbirth, women focused on living in the present. They had usually forgotten childbirth memories, but sometimes memories were evoked as a source of support or distress, depending on context. Conclusions Midwives should be cognisant of women's individual circumstances. Their role exceeds that of a medical specialist during the intrapartum period, as they are involved in creating impactful memories. These results also support the significance of long-term care.
Theoretical study of laser intensity noise effect on CW-STED microscopy
Authors: Mendoza-Coto Alejandro , Manzo Jaime Danay , Pérez Mellor Ariel Francis , Coto Hernández Iván 
Published: March 2022

Spatial resolution of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy varies with sample labeling techniques and microscope components, e.g., lasers, lenses, and photodetectors. Fluctuations in the intensity of the depletion laser decrease achievable resolution in STED microscopy; the stronger the fluctuations, the higher the average intensity needed to achieve a given resolution. This phenomenon is encountered in every STED measurement. However, a theoretical framework that evaluates the effect of intensity fluctuations on spatial resolution is lacking. This paper presents an analytical formulation based on a stochastic model that characterizes the impact of the laser fluctuations and correlation time on the depletion efficiency in continuous-wave (CW) STED microscopy. We compared analytical results with simulations using a wide range of intensity noise conditions and found a high degree of agreement. The stochastic model used considers a colored noise distribution for the laser intensity fluctuations. Simple analytical expressions were obtained in the limit of small and large fluctuations’ correlation time. These expressions fitted very well the available experimental data. Finally, this work offers a starting point to model other laser noise effects in various microscopy implementations.
Optical power detector with broad spectral coverage, high detectivity, and large dynamic range
Authors: Rossi Jussi , Uotila Juho , Sharma Sucheta , Hieta Tuomas , Laurila Toni , Teissier Roland , Baranov Alexei , Ikonen Erkki , Vainio Markku 
Published: March 2022

Optical power measurements are needed in practically all technologies based on light. Here, we report a general-purpose optical power detector based on the photoacoustic effect. Optical power incident on the detector’s black absorber produces an acoustic signal, which is further converted into an electrical signal using a silicon-cantilever pressure transducer. We demonstrate an exceptionally large spectral coverage from ultraviolet to far infrared, with the possibility for further extension to the terahertz region. The linear dynamic range of the detector reaches 80 dB, ranging from a noise-equivalent power of 6

n

W

/

H

z

to 600 mW (independent of signal averaging time).
Leprosy as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients living with HIV: Description of French Guiana’s cases over 20 years and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Mouchard Alice , Blaizot Romain , Graille Jenna , Couppié Pierre , Bertin Chloé 
Published: March 2022

Background
HIV infection is highly prevalent in French Guiana, a territory where leprosy is also endemic. Since the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) in the management of HIV, leprosy has been reported as part of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).

Methodology/Principal findings
We aimed to present a general description of these forms of leprosy as IRIS, highlighting clinical and therapeutic specificities. A retrospective study was conducted in French Guiana, including patients living with HIV (PLHIV) with advanced infection (CD4 < 200/mm3) and developing leprosy or a leprosy reaction within six months of HAART initiation, from 2000 to 2020. Clinical, histological and biological data were collected for all these patients. Six patients were reported in French Guiana. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, and its results were added to an overall analysis. Overall, seventy-three PLHIV were included. They were mainly men (74%), aged 22–54 years (median 36 years), mainly from Brazil (46.5%) and India (32.8%). Most leprosy cases (56.2%) were borderline tuberculoid (BT). Leprosy reactions were frequent (74%), mainly type 1 reaction (T1R) (68.5%), sometimes intense with ulceration of skin lesions (22%). Neuritis was observed in 30.1% of patients. The outcome was always favorable under multidrug therapy (MDT), continuation of HAART and additional corticosteroid therapy in case of neuritis or ulceration. There was no relapse.

Conclusion
Leprosy as IRIS in PLHIV mainly presents as a BT leprosy in a T1R state, sometimes with ulcerated skin lesions. Response to MDT is usually good. Systemic corticosteroids are necessary and efficient in case of neuritis.
Estimating chikungunya virus transmission parameters and vector control effectiveness highlights key factors to mitigate arboviral disease outbreaks
Authors: Jourdain Frédéric , de Valk Henriette , Noël Harold , Paty Marie-Claire , L’Ambert Grégory , Franke Florian , Mouly Damien , Desenclos Jean-Claude , Roche Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

Background
Viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have greatly expanded their geographic range in recent decades. They are considered emerging public health threats throughout the world, including Europe. Therefore, public health authorities must be prepared by quantifying the potential magnitude of virus transmission and the effectiveness of interventions.

Methodology
We developed a mathematical model with a vector-host structure for chikungunya virus transmission and estimated model parameters from epidemiological data of the two main autochthonous chikungunya virus transmission events that occurred in Southern France, in Montpellier (2014) and in Le Cannet-des-Maures (2017). We then performed simulations of the model using these estimates to forecast the magnitude of the foci of transmission as a function of the response delay and the moment of virus introduction.

Conclusions
The results of the different simulations underline the relative importance of each variable and can be useful to stakeholders when designing context-based intervention strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of, and advocate for early detection of imported cases and timely biological confirmation of autochthonous cases to ensure timely vector control measures, supporting the implementation and the maintenance of sustainable surveillance systems.
Malnutrition, anemia, micronutrient deficiency and parasitic infections among schoolchildren in rural Tanzania
Authors: Mrimi Emmanuel C. , Palmeirim Marta S. , Minja Elihaika G. , Long Kurt Z. , Keiser Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

Background
Malnutrition, anemia, micronutrient deficiency and parasitic infections continue to impact the nutritional status and health of children in lower-income countries. However, not enough data concerning this issue is available. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of nutritional indicators, anemia and micronutrient deficiency and their underlying risk factors among schoolchildren in south-eastern Tanzania.

Methodology/Principal findings
This cross-sectional study enrolled primary schoolchildren aged 6–12 years from Kikwawila and Kiberege wards, Tanzania. In total, 471 schoolchildren underwent a physical examination and provided blood, stool and urine samples for an assessment of the levels of different micronutrients, nutritional and anemia status, and parasitic infection status. We employed bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the association between nutritional statuses, anemia, micronutrient deficiency and parasitic infections. We found that 23.90%, 12.60% and 16.20% of schoolchildren were stunted, underweight and wasted, respectively. About 14.0% of schoolchildren were found to be anemic. Children diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum infection were more likely to have low levels of ferritin (aOR: 10.40, 95% CI: 2.88-40.53) and elevated levels of serum soluble transferrin receptor (aOR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.27-11.23), respectively. Vitamin A (34.71%) and vitamin B12 (8.79%) were the most prevalent micronutrients found to be deficient in diagnosed children. Finally, we found that schoolchildren attending the most rural schools were five times more likely to be diagnosed with at least one micronutrient deficiency (aOR: 5.04, 95% CI: 2.38–11.44).

Conclusions/Significance
Malnutrition, anemia and micronutrient deficiency still pose a significant health burden among schoolchildren living in rural Tanzania. To effectively tackle this burden, health interventions such as deworming, micronutrient supplementation, vector control, health education and access to clean water and improved sanitation should be strengthened and made sustainable.
“I am my own doctor”: A qualitative study of the perspectives and decision-making process of Muslims with diabetes on Ramadan fasting
Authors: Bouchareb Siham , Chrifou Rabab , Bourik Zohra , Nijpels Giel , Hassanein Mohamed , Westerman Marjan J. , Elders Petra J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Many Muslims with diabetes choose to fast against medical advice during Ramadan, potentially increasing their risk of acute complications. Patients are often reluctant to disclose fasting to their health care providers, and their needs regarding Ramadan are not met in consultations. For healthcare professionals to provide patient-centred care, it is important to gain more insight into patients’ decision-making process. This study therefore aims to explore how Muslims with diabetes decide whether to fast during Ramadan.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted consisting of 15 focus groups with Muslims with diabetes within a constructivist paradigm. Convenience sampling was used. All focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Four themes were found to be important in the decision on whether to fast: (1) values and beliefs concerning Ramadan, (2) experiences and emotions concerning Ramadan, (3) the perception of illness, and (4) advice from health care professionals, imams and family. Many participants indicated fasting against medical advice and trusting their subjective assessments on whether they could fast. Moreover, three main stages in the decision-making process for eventually refraining from fasting were identified: (1) the stage where positive experiences with fasting dominate, (2) the stage where one encounters challenges but their determination to fast prevails and (3) the stage where one decides to refrain from fasting after experiencing too many physical difficulties with fasting.

Conclusions
Muslims with diabetes experience autonomy in their decisions on Ramadan fasting. The decision to refrain from fasting often resulted from a difficult and dynamic decision-making process and was often made after participants reached their physical limits. These findings highlight the importance of not only shared decision-making to empower patients to make well-informed decisions on Ramadan fasting but also pre-Ramadan diabetes education to help people with diabetes have a safe Ramadan.
Functional disruption of transferrin expression alters reproductive physiology in Anopheles culicifacies
Authors: Rani Jyoti , De Tanwee Das , Chauhan Charu , Kumari Seena , Sharma Punita , Tevatiya Sanjay , Chakraborti Soumyananda , Pandey Kailash C. , Singh Namita , Dixit Rajnikant 
Published: March 2022

Background
Iron metabolism is crucial to maintain optimal physiological homeostasis of every organism and any alteration of the iron concentration (i.e. deficit or excess) can have adverse consequences. Transferrins are glycoproteins that play important role in iron transportation and have been widely characterized in vertebrates and insects, but poorly studied in blood-feeding mosquitoes.

Results
We characterized a 2102 bp long transcript AcTrf1a with complete CDS of 1872bp, and 226bp UTR region, encoding putative transferrin homolog protein from mosquito An. culicifacies. A detailed in silico analysis predicts AcTrf1a encodes 624 amino acid (aa) long polypeptide that carries transferrin domain. AcTrf1a also showed a putative N-linked glycosylation site, a characteristic feature of most of the mammalian transferrins and certain non-blood feeding insects. Structure modelling prediction confirms the presence of an iron-binding site at the N-terminal lobe of the transferrin. Our spatial and temporal expression analysis under altered pathophysiological conditions showed that AcTrf1a is abundantly expressed in the fat-body, ovary, and its response is significantly altered (enhanced) after blood meal uptake, and exogenous bacterial challenge. Additionally, non-heme iron supplementation of FeCl3 at 1 mM concentration not only augmented the AcTrf1a transcript expression in fat-body but also enhanced the reproductive fecundity of gravid adult female mosquitoes. RNAi-mediated knockdown of AcTrf1a causes a significant reduction in fecundity, confirming the important role of transferrin in oocyte maturation.

Conclusion
All together our results advocate that detailed characterization of newly identified AcTrf1a transcript may help to select it as a unique target to impair the mosquito reproductive outcome.