bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New thiophene derivative augments the antitumor activity of γ-irradiation against colorectal cancer in mice via anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic pathways
Authors: ElBakary Nermeen M. , Hagag Sanaa A. , Ismail Mohamed A. , El-Sayed Wael M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and the second cause of cancer-related deaths. It usually starts as an inflammation that progresses to adenocarcinoma. The goal of the present study was to investigate the antitumor efficacy of a new thiophene derivative against CRC in mice and explore the possible associated molecular pathways. The potential of this thiophene derivative to sensitize the CRC tumor tissue to a low dose of gamma irradiation was also investigated.

Methods
Adult male mice were divided into seven groups; control, group treated with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) for the induction of CRC. The DMH-group was further divided into six groups and treated with either cisplatin, thiophene derivative, γ-irradiation, cisplatin + γ-irradiation, thiophene derivative + γ-irradiation, or left untreated.

Results
DMH induced CRC as evidenced by the macroscopic examination of colon tissues and histopathology, and elevated the activities of cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). DMH also elevated kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) and downregulated the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARγ) as shown by RT-PCR and Western blotting. DMH exerted anti-apoptotic activity by reducing the expression of phosphorylated p53 and cleaved caspase3 at the gene and protein levels. The flow cytometry analysis showed that DMH elevated the necrosis and reduced the apoptosis compared to the other groups. The colon tissue from DMH-treated mice showed hyperplasia, aberrant crypt foci, loss of cell polarity, typical CRC of grade 4 with lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating mucosa, muscularis mucosa, and submucosa score 3. Treatment with thiophene derivative or γ-irradiation ameliorated most of these deleterious effects of DMH. The concomitant action of thiophene derivative + γ-irradiation was typified by the better amelioration of tumor incidence and multiplicity, iNOS, PPARγ, p53, caspase 3, and histopathology of colon.

Conclusion
Taken together, the new thiophene derivative is a promising therapeutic candidate for treatment of colorectal cancer in mice. It also sensitizes the CRC tumor to the ionizing radiation through anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic pathways.
It is a relay not a sprint! Evolving co-design in a digital and virtual environment: neighbourhood services for elders
Authors: Osborne Stephen , Powell Madeline , Cucciniello Maria , Macfarlane Joanne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is an emerging body of research on the co-design of public services, including co-design with vulnerable adults. However, what has been less explored has been the impact of digital technology and virtual environments upon the co-design process in this context. This paper analyses the contingencies of virtual co-design through a case study of a project to develop supportive local communities for vulnerable elderly people. This project was initially planned to use traditional co-design methods within a face-to-face environment, in the context of the local public service ecosystem. The CoVid-19 pandemic made this impossible. Consequently, an innovative approach to co-design was developed that shifted the process from a face-to-face to a virtual environment. This exploratory paper reports and evaluates this approach and its implications for the future of the theory and practice of the co-design of public services for vulnerable adults. Theoretically the paper evolves a model of co-design in a virtual space that is embedded within a public service ecosystem framework of value creation. At a practice level, the paper provides insight into the strategic and operational management of co-creation in a virtual space. It evolves the ‘Relay’ model of asynchronous co-creation across time and considers it key contingencies.
Escaping the Laboratory: An Escape Room to Reinforce Biomedical Engineering Skills
Authors: Kwok Sunny , Childers Rachel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCommercial escape rooms have grown in popularity as an enjoyable experience that also doubles as an exercise in communication and collaboration. Educators can take advantage of these natural qualities to engage and support students in a low-stress learning environment. The primary goal of this study is to share the development and application of an educational escape room as a tool to provide biomedical engineering (BME) students with an immersive and practical experience. A BME laboratory course-specific escape room was developed and beta-tested on an initial group of BME students. The first set of feedback enabled improvements to the design and difficulty of the escape room, which was followed by the final release of the activity for the intended undergraduate BME course. Across an academic year, 74 participants agreed to provide survey feedback for this study. Despite a moderate escape rate (29%), students reported high satisfaction and enthusiasm for the activity. Student survey responses indicated that participants were engaged and empowered to successfully escape even without external motivators. Responses supported the effectiveness of the escape room as a BME learning environment, allowing students to practice and retain course-related knowledge in a challenging but low-risk activity. The foundational structure of escape rooms offers a beneficial environment for experiential knowledge application. We conclude that educational escape rooms show promise as a pedagogical tool in promoting enhanced knowledge retention through immersive, game-based learning.
How the built environment affects the spatiotemporal pattern of urban vitality: A comparison among different urban functional areas
Authors: Tang Shuwei , Ta Na 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUrban vitality is an essential indicator of an area’s capacity to promote lively social and economic activities. Urban functional areas can play different roles throughout the day, and urban vitality may exhibit significant intraday temporal dynamics. However, few studies have evaluated the dynamic vitality throughout the day among various urban functional areas or explored how the built environment influences this attribute. To bridge this gap, we assessed the vitality dynamics in intensity, variability, and night ratio. We then examined the influencing factors of urban vitality in Central Shanghai using heatmap and point of interest (POI) data. We found significant differences in the intensity, variability, and night ratio of urban vitality among different urban functional areas. The difference in vitality intensity was more significant than the variability and night ratio between weekdays and weekends. The built environment significantly affected urban vitality, but its role differed among the various urban functional areas. Overall, describing urban vitality from a dynamic perspective could improve our understanding of the differences in attracting and maintaining human activities among different urban functional areas.
Being a Celebrity: Alienation, Integrity, and the Uncanny
Authors: ARCHER ALFRED , ROBB CATHERINE M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA central feature of being a celebrity is experiencing a divide between one's public image and private life. By appealing to the phenomenology of Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, we analyze this experience as paradoxically involving both a disconnection and alienation from one's public persona and a sense of close connection with it. This ‘uncanny’ experience presents a psychological conflict for celebrities: they may have a public persona they feel alienated from and that is at the same time closely connected to them and shapes many of their personal interactions. We offer three ways in which a celebrity might approach this conflict: (i) eradicating the divide between their public and private selves, (ii) splitting or separating their private and public selves, or (iii) embracing the arising tension. We argue that it is only this third approach that successfully mitigates the negative effects of the alienation felt by many celebrities.
Mobility Interrupted: A New Framework for Understanding Anti-Left Sentiment Among Brazil’s “Once-Rising Poor”
Authors: Junge Benjamin , Mitchell Sean T. , Klein Charles H. , Spearly Matthew 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTHow do sequences of upward and downward socioeconomic mobility influence political views among those who have “risen” or “fallen” during periods of leftist governance? While existing studies identify a range of factors, long-term mobility trajectories have been largely unexplored. The question has particular salience in contemporary Brazil, where, after a decade of extraordinary poverty reduction on the watch of the leftist Workers’ Party (PT), a subsequent period of economic and political crises intensified anti-PT sentiment. This article uses original data from the 2016 Brazil’s Once-Rising Poor (BORP) Survey, using a 3-city sample of 822 poor and working-class Brazilians to analyze the relationship between retrospective assessments of prior socioeconomic mobility and anti-PT sentiment. The study found that people who reported a “stalled” mobility sequence (upward mobility followed by static or downward mobility) were more likely to harbor anti-left sentiment than other groups, as measured by this study’s anti-PT index.
Random networks grown by fusing edges via urns
Authors: Bhutani Kiran R. , Kalpathy Ravi , Mahmoud Hosam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany classic networks grow by hooking small components via vertices. We introduce a class of networks that grows by fusing the edges of a small graph to an edge chosen uniformly at random from the network. For this random edge-hooking network, we study the local degree profile, that is, the evolution of the average degree of a vertex over time. For a special subclass, we further determine the exact distribution and an asymptotic gamma-type distribution. We also study the “core,” which consists of the well-anchored edges that experience fusing. A central limit theorem emerges for the size of the core.At the end, we look at an alternative model of randomness attained by preferential hooking, favoring edges that experience more fusing. Under preferential hooking, the core still follows a Gaussian law but with different parameters. Throughout, Pólya urns are systematically used as a method of proof.
Pulmonary arterial compliance in patients of CHD with increased pulmonary blood flow
Authors: Choubey Mrigank , Kothari Shyam S. , Gupta Saurabh K. , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Saxena Anita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Pulmonary arterial compliance, the dynamic component of pulmonary vasculature, remains inadequately studied in patients with left to right shunts. We sought to study the pulmonary arterial compliance in patients with left to right shunt lesions and its utility in clinical decision-making.Materials and methods:In this single-centre retrospective study, we reviewed cardiac catheterisation data of consecutive patients of left to right shunt lesions catheterised over one year. In addition to the various other parameters, pulmonary arterial compliance was calculated, as indexed pulmonary flow (Qpi) / (Heart rate × pulse pressure in the pulmonary artery). RC time was also calculated, as the product of pulmonary arterial compliance and pulmonary vascular resistance index. Patients were divided into “operable,” “borderline,” and “inoperable” based on the decision of the treating team, and the pulmonary arterial compliance values were evaluated in these groups to study if it can be utilised to refine the operability decision.Results:298 patients (Median age 16 years, 56% <18 years) with various acyanotic shunt lesions were included. Overall, the pulmonary arterial compliance varied with Qpi, pulmonary artery mean pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance index, but did not vary with age, type of lesion, or transpulmonary gradients. The median pulmonary arterial compliance in patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure (Mean pulmonary artery pressure less than 20 mmHg) was 4.1 ml/mmHg/m2 (IQR 3.2). The median pulmonary arterial compliance for operable patients was 2.67 ml/mmHg/m2 (IQR 2.2). Median pulmonary arterial compliance was significantly lower in both inoperable (0.52 ml/mmHg/m2, IQR 0.34) and borderline (0.80 ml/mmHg/m2, IQR 0.36) groups when compared to operable patients (p < 0.001). A pulmonary arterial compliance value lower than 1.18 ml/mmHg/m2 identified inoperable patients with high sensitivity and specificity (95%, AUC 0.99). However, in borderline cases, assessment by this value did not agree with empirical clinical assessment.The median RC time for the entire study population was 0.47 S (IQR 0.30). RC time in operable patients was significantly lower than that in the inoperable patients (Median 0.40 IQR 0.23 in operable, 0.73 0.25 in inoperable patients (p < 0.001).Conclusions:Addition of pulmonary arterial compliance to the routine haemodynamic assessment of patients with shunt lesions may improve our understanding of the pulmonary circulation and may have clinical utility.
Inhibitive Effects of Recent Exceeding Air Temperature Optima of Vegetation Productivity and Increasing Water Limitation on Photosynthesis Reversed Global Greening
Authors: Chen Baozhang , Ke Yu , Ciais Philippe , Zeng Zhenzhong , Black Andy , Lv Honggang , Huang Mengtian , Yuan Wenping , Xiao Xiangming , Fang Junjun , Hou Kun , Wang Ying‐Ping , Luo Yiqi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobal terrestrial vegetation dynamics have been rapidly altered by climate change. A widespread vegetation greenness over a large part of the planet from the 1980s to early this century has been reported, whereas weakening of CO2 fertilization effects and increasing climate extremes and the adverse impact of increasing rate of warming and severity of drought on vegetation growth were also reported. Earth system models project that the land carbon sink will decrease in size in response to an increase in warming during this century. How global vegetation is changing during this century in response to global warming and water availability across spatial and temporal scales remains uncertain. Our understanding of the widespread vegetation greening or browning processes and identifying the biogeochemical mechanisms remain incomplete. Here we use multiple long‐term satellite leaf area index (LAI) records to investigate vegetation growth trends from 1982 to 2018. We find that the widespread increase of growing‐season integrated LAI (greening) since 1980s was reversed (p‐value < 0.05) around the year 2000 over 90% of the global vegetated area, and continued in only 10% of the global vegetated area. The reversal of greening trend was largely explained by the inhibitive effects of excessive optimal temperature on photosynthesis in most of the tropics and low latitudes, and by increasing water limitation (increasing in atmospheric vapor pressure deficit and decreasing in soil water availability) in the northern high latitudes (>45°N). Overall, the reversal of greening trend since 2000 weakened the negative feedback of carbon sequestration on the climatic system and should be considered in the strategies for climate warming mitigation and adaptation. Our findings of the diversity of processes that drive browning across bioclimatic‐zones and ecosystems and of how those driving processes are changing would enhance our ability to project global future vegetation change and its climatic and abiotic consequences.
Association of Equatorward Extending Auroral Streamers With Ground Magnetic Perturbations and Geosynchronous Injections
Authors: Yadav Sneha , Lyons Larry. R. , Liu Jiang , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Tian Sheng , Zou Ying , Donovan Eric F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAuroral streamers have been found to be a particularly important cause of magnetic perturbations within the auroral oval during substorms. We present a detailed investigation on the association of equatorward extending auroral streamers with ground magnetic perturbations at locations initially equatorward of the auroral oval using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions imagers and ground magnetometers. Based on the analysis of four events, we show that negative perturbations in the horizontal (H) component at initially subauroral latitudes were not seen prior to streamer onset, and the peak negative H‐bay at subauroral latitudes coincided with the equatorward extending auroral streamers. Although stations close to the poleward boundary of auroral oval showed modest H‐component perturbations in response to the substorm onset and poleward auroral intensifications, the abrupt and large responses within the oval were associated with the onset of streamers. Results confirm that ground magnetic perturbations that are traditionally perceived as signatures of magnetic substorm onset are not always an auroral substorm onset but can also be related to auroral streamers. These results are supported by the remarkable correlation of positive bay onset and sudden Pi2 enhancement with the onset of auroral streamers, irrespective of the classical substorm onset. In addition, the magnitude of positive bay and amplitude of Pi2 pulsations, particularly at subauroral latitudes, are enhanced during the events of equatorward extending streamers. In general, all streamer events were accompanied by dipolarization and electron flux enhancement at geosynchronous orbit that continue to strengthen during the emergence of bright streamers.
Mesoscale Variability of Surface Ducts During Santa Ana Wind Episodes
Authors: Jiang Q. , Wang Q. , Gaberšek S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMesoscale variability of the marine boundary layer characteristics and the corresponding radio wave ducting conditions over the Southern California Bight (SCB) during three Santa Ana wind events have been examined based on the analysis of field observations and diagnosis of mesoscale model simulations. Under the influence of a dry and the stably stratified airflow from inland, a shallow moist internal boundary layer (MIBL) develops over the coastal waters. The MIBL consists of a thin well‐mixed moist layer capped by an inversion layer where the specific humidity decreases with height sharply. Accordingly, a surface duct (SD) is virtually ubiquitous with its depth compared with the MIBL depth. The wind direction and the SD characteristics exhibit diurnal variations over the SCB area associated with land and sea breezes. In addition, the MIBL interacts with the coastal topography, Channel Islands, and sea surface temperature gradients, resulting in spatial mesoscale variabilities in SD characteristics. Specifically, the SD height and strength grow with the offshore distance owing to the surface latent heat flux over sea, and in the meantime, exhibit substantial along‐shore variations. The shallow MIBL tends to split and flow around the higher elevation of the islands, leading to the formation of wakes with reduced modified refractivity. These island wakes may extend dozens of kilometers downstream with the SD height and strength growing accordingly.
Too Frequent and Too Light Arctic Snowfall With Incorrect Precipitation Phase Partitioning in the MIROC6 GCM
Authors: Imura Yuki , Michibata Takuro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCloud‐phase partitioning has been studied in the context of cloud feedback and climate sensitivity; however, precipitation‐phase partitioning also has a significant role in controlling the energy budget and sea ice extent. Although some global models have introduced a more sophisticated precipitation parameterization to reproduce realistic cloud and precipitation processes, the effects on the process representation of mixed‐ and ice‐phase precipitation are poorly understood. Here, we evaluate how different precipitation modeling (i.e., diagnostic [DIAG] vs. prognostic [PROG] schemes) affects the simulated precipitation phase and occurrence frequency. Two versions of MIROC6 were used with the satellite simulator COSP2. Although the PROG scheme significantly improves the simulated cloud amount and snowfall rates, the phase partitioning, frequency, and intensity of precipitation with the PROG scheme are still biased, and are even worse than with the DIAG scheme. We found a “too frequent and too light” Arctic snowfall bias in the PROG, which cannot be eliminated by model tuning. The cloud‐phase partitioning is also affected by the different approaches used to consider precipitation. The ratio of supercooled liquid water is underrepresented by switching from the DIAG to PROG scheme, because some snowflakes are regarded to be cloud ice. Given that the PROG precipitation retains more snow in the atmosphere, the underestimation becomes apparent when other models incorporate the PROG scheme. This depends on how much precipitation is within the clouds in the model. Our findings emphasize the importance of correctly reproducing the phase partitioning of cloud and precipitation, which ultimately affects the simulated climate sensitivity.
Computational and neural mechanisms of statistical pain learning
Authors: Mancini Flavia , Zhang Suyi , Seymour Ben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPain invariably changes over time. These fluctuations contain statistical regularities which, in theory, could be learned by the brain to generate expectations and control responses. We demonstrate that humans learn to extract these regularities and explicitly predict the likelihood of forthcoming pain intensities in a manner consistent with optimal Bayesian inference with dynamic update of beliefs. Healthy participants received probabilistic, volatile sequences of low and high-intensity electrical stimuli to the hand during brain fMRI. The inferred frequency of pain correlated with activity in sensorimotor cortical regions and dorsal striatum, whereas the uncertainty of these inferences was encoded in the right superior parietal cortex. Unexpected changes in stimulus frequencies drove the update of internal models by engaging premotor, prefrontal and posterior parietal regions. This study extends our understanding of sensory processing of pain to include the generation of Bayesian internal models of the temporal statistics of pain.
Structural insights into the contactin 1 – neurofascin 155 adhesion complex
Authors: Chataigner Lucas M. P. , Gogou Christos , den Boer Maurits A. , Frias Cátia P. , Thies-Weesie Dominique M. E. , Granneman Joke C. M. , Heck Albert J. R. , Meijer Dimphna H. , Janssen Bert J. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCell-surface expressed contactin 1 and neurofascin 155 control wiring of the nervous system and interact across cells to form and maintain paranodal myelin-axon junctions. The molecular mechanism of contactin 1 – neurofascin 155 adhesion complex formation is unresolved. Crystallographic structures of complexed and individual contactin 1 and neurofascin 155 binding regions presented here, provide a rich picture of how competing and complementary interfaces, post-translational glycosylation, splice differences and structural plasticity enable formation of diverse adhesion sites. Structural, biophysical, and cell-clustering analysis reveal how conserved Ig1-2 interfaces form competing heterophilic contactin 1 – neurofascin 155 and homophilic neurofascin 155 complexes whereas contactin 1 forms low-affinity clusters through interfaces on Ig3-6. The structures explain how the heterophilic Ig1-Ig4 horseshoe’s in the contactin 1 – neurofascin 155 complex define the 7.4 nm paranodal spacing and how the remaining six domains enable bridging of distinct intercellular distances.