bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Strong Storms at the Pre‐Convection Stage From Satellite Microwave Sounder Observations
Authors: Wei Xiaocheng , Min Min , Li Jun , Sun Fenglin , Qin Danyu , Yao Zhigang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐temporal‐resolution geostationary satellite infrared measurements are always used to capture and predict typical characteristics at the cloud top of rapidly developing strong storms at the pre‐convection or convection initiation (CI) stage. However, the large false alarm rate of CI nowcasting is difficult to avoid due to the complex and unpredictable trigger factors. Although the microwave measurement technique can observe thick clouds and even the precipitation within clouds due to the weaker atmospheric extinction effect on microwave, microwave data from polar‐orbiting satellites are rarely used to observe the CI due to their relatively low temporal resolution. In this study, we analyze several previously unknown CI characteristics over the East Asia region from 2016 to 2019 based on spatially and temporally matched Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder data. These typical CI samples are initially identified by using continuous infrared images from the Himawari‐8 geostationary satellite. The results show that there is a distinct cloud optical depth at the pre‐convection stage in the western (deep cloud clusters) and eastern (shallow cloud clusters) Tibetan Plateau (TP). The shallow precipitating cloud clusters of the CI over the eastern TP are possibly attributed to the favorable local dynamic and thermal conditions stem from the Asian monsoon. Another notable finding shows that the fast‐developing CI over the ocean has thick clouds compared with the samples over the land. Overall, the unique CI characteristics found from microwave observations in this study indicate that the future geostationary microwave sounder technologies will almost certainly provide some new findings and enhance early warning capabilities about convection.
PM2.5 Exchange Between Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Free Troposphere in North China Plain and Its Long‐Range Transport Effects
Authors: Jin Xipeng , Cai Xuhui , Huang Qianqian , Wang Xuesong , Song Yu , Kang Ling , Zhang Hongsheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study estimates long‐term PM2.5 exchange flux between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and free troposphere (FT) in the North China Plain. The effect of PM2.5 long‐range transport (LRT) on air quality in downwind regions is also assessed. The PM2.5 exchange fluxes are calculated based on a mass budget method with data from WRF‐Chem simulations, during wintertime months (November, December, and January) in 2014, 2016, and 2017 (represent moderate, heavier, and less polluted years). The overall PM2.5 exchange exhibits clear topographical correlation and diurnal variation. The plain area is characterized by a considerable upward flux of −0.13 μg m−2 s−1 (in a 3‐year average), acting as an effective source for LRT. ABL height variation contributes significantly to the diurnal cycle of PM2.5 vertical exchange. Over the mountainside and ridge areas, the PM2.5 exchange flux is downward and its diurnal variation is weak, due to the dominant cross‐mountain descent flows. Four LRT patterns in the FT are identified, that is, eastward, southward, recirculation, and local stagnation. They can affect air quality in Northeast China, Yangtze River Delta, South Korea, and Japan. Indicating with averages and standard deviations, the PM2.5 concentration increases (relative contribution) for these four target regions over the 3‐year winter period are respectively 5.5 ± 4.8 μg m−3 (12.6 ± 10.9%), 4.6 ± 4.5 μg m−3 (8.4 ± 6.4%), 4.4 ± 3.9 μg m−3 (5.2 ± 4.4%), and 1.6 ± 0.9 μg m−3 (2.6 ± 1.6%). While the maximum impacts can be 36.7 μg m−3 (59%), 31.1 μg m−3 (41%), 25.7 μg m−3 (30%), and 7.2 μg m−3 (13%), respectively.
How Hot Is Too Hot? Disentangling Mid‐Cretaceous Hothouse Paleoclimate From Diagenesis
Authors: Fetrow A. C. , Snell K. E. , Di Fiori R. V. , Long S. P. , Bonde J. W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe North American Newark Canyon Formation (NCF; ∼113–98 Ma) presents an opportunity to examine how terrestrial carbonate facies reflect different aspects of paleoclimate during one of the hottest periods of Earth's history. The lower NCF type section preserves heterogeneous palustrine facies and the upper NCF preserves lacustrine deposits. We combined carbonate facies analysis withδ13C,δ18O, and Δ47data sets to assess which carbonate facies preserve stable isotope signals that are most representative of climatic conditions. Palustrine facies record the heterogeneity of the original wetland environment in which they formed. Using the pelmicrite facies that formed in deeper wetlands, we interpret a lower temperature zone (35–40°C) to reflect warm season water temperatures. In contrast, a mottled micrite facies which formed in shallower wetlands records hotter temperatures (36–68°C). These hotter temperatures reflect radiatively heated “bare‐skin” temperatures that occurred in a shallow depositional setting. The lower lacustrine unit has been secondarily altered by hydrothermal fluids while the upper lacustrine unit likely preserves primary temperatures andδ18Owaterof catchment‐integrated precipitation. Resultantly, the palustrine pelmicrite and lacustrine micrite are the facies most likely to reflect ambient climate conditions, and therefore, are the best facies to use for paleoclimate interpretations. Average warm season water temperatures of 41.1 ± 3.6°C and 37.8 ± 2.5°C are preserved by the palustrine pelmicrite (∼113–112 Ma) and lacustrine micrite (∼112–103 Ma), respectively. These data support previous interpretations of the mid‐Cretaceous as a hothouse climate and demonstrate the importance of characterizing facies for identifying the data most representative of past climates.
Modeling of the Subsolar Magnetopause Motion Under Interplanetary Magnetic Field Southward Turning
Authors: Xu Qiuyu , Tang Binbin , Sun Tianran , Li Wenya , Zhang Xiaoxin , Wei Fei , Guo Xiaocheng , Wang Chi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, a new analytical model to describe the time‐dependent subsolar magnetopause motion under interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) southward turning has been developed. This model, based on the scenario of magnetopause erosion due to magnetic reconnection, can be approximated by both linear and non‐linear functions. The linear function is simplified under the assumption of constant magnetopause erosion under southward IMF, and the non‐linear function is derived by assuming that the magnetopause erosion decays exponentially. In the limit of a short time, the non‐linear function is essentially the same as the linear function. By comparing with global magnetohydrodynamic simulations, the linear function performs well within the first 10 minutes, and the error then increases with time. The non‐linear function describes the magnetopause motion more accurately with respect to, and consistent with simulations for a time interval of ∼40 min. This model has also been successfully applied to data‐driven simulations of the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm event, suggesting the possible applicability of this model in reality.
Automated Detection of coronaL MAss Ejecta origiNs for Space Weather AppliCations (ALMANAC)
Authors: Williams Thomas , Morgan Huw 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlerts of potentially hazardous coronal mass ejection (CME) are based on the detection of rapid changes in remote observations of the solar atmosphere. This paper presents a method that detects and estimates the central coordinates of CME eruptions in Extreme Ultraviolet data, with the dual aim of providing an early alert, and giving an initial estimate of the CME direction of propagation to a CME geometrical model. In particular, we plan to link the Automated detection of coronaL MAss ejecta origiNs for space weather AppliCations (ALMANAC) method to the CME detection and characterization module of the Space Weather Empirical Ensemble Package, which is a fully automated modular software package for operational space weather capability currently being developed for the UK Meteorological Office. In this work, ALMANAC is applied to observations by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). As well as presenting the method, a proof of concept test is made on a limited set of data associated with 20 halo CMEs recorded by the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) catalog near the activity maximum of solar cycle 24. SDO/AIA data for each event is processed at 6 min cadence to identify the on‐disk location and time of each CME. The absolute mean deviance between the ALMANAC and CDAW source event coordinates are within 37.05 ± 29.71 min and 11.01 ± 10.39°. These promising results give a solid foundation for future work, and will provide initial constraints to an automated CME alert and forecasting system.
Evaluation of candidate reference genes stability for gene expression analysis by reverse transcription qPCR in Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Williams Michele L. , Ghanem Mostafa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIdentification of stable reference genes for normalization purposes is necessary for obtaining reliable and accurate results of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses. To our knowledge, no reference gene(s) have been validated for this purpose in Clostridium perfringens. In this study, the expression profile of ten candidate reference genes from three strains of C. perfringens were assessed for stability under various experimental conditions using geNorm in qbase + . These stability rankings were then compared to stability assessments evaluated by BestKeeper, NormFinder, delta Ct, and RefFinder algorithms. When comparing all the analyses; gyrA, ftsZ, and recA were identified within the most stable genes under the different experimental conditions and were further tested as a set of reference genes for normalization of alpha toxin gene expression over a 22-h period. Depending on the condition, rpoA and rho might also be suitable to include as part of the reference set. Although commonly used for the purpose of normalizing RT-qPCR data, the 16S rRNA gene (rrs) was found to be an unsuitable gene to be used as a reference. This work provides a framework for the selection of a suitable stable reference gene set for data normalization of C. perfringens gene expression.
A time-delayed model for the spread of COVID-19 with vaccination
Authors: Al-Tuwairqi Salma M. , Al-Harbi Sara K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA mathematical model is presented in this paper to investigate the effects of time delay in vaccine production on COVID-19 spread. The model is analyzed qualitatively and numerically. The qualitative analysis indicates that the system variables are non-negative, bounded, and biologically meaningful. Moreover, the model has produced two equilibrium points: the free equilibrium point, which can exist without conditions, and the endemic equilibrium point, which can exist if the control reproduction number, $${\mathcal {R}}_c$$

R
c

, is not less than one. In addition, the local stability of the equilibrium points is investigated and agrees with the numerical analysis results. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted for $${\mathcal {R}}_c$$

R
c

. In particular, we examine the effect of the vaccine’s time delay, vaccine rate, and vaccine efficiency on the model dynamics.
On reachable set problem for impulse switched singular systems with mixed delays
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Feng Zhiguang , Zhang Xun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on the reachable set problem for impulse switched singular (ISS) systems with mixed time‐varying delays via the Lyapunov theory. To solve the state boundary of system, a real‐bounded lemma is developed by analyzing the impulse switching point under bounded disturbance input and initial function. Based on real‐bounded lemma and integral inequality technology, a sufficient condition for reachable set of ISS system is established in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to ensure that the reachable state of system is limited to a closed bounded set. Simulation results are given to verify the validity of the obtained theoretical results for the reachable state criterion.
More accurate cardinality estimation in data streams
Authors: Lu Jie , Chen Hongchang , Zhang Zheng , Xie Jichao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany sketches based on estimator sharing have been proposed to estimate cardinality with huge flows in data streams. However, existing sketches suffer from large estimation errors due to allocating the same memory size for each estimator without considering the skewed cardinality distribution. Here, a filtering method called SuperFilter is proposed to enhance existing sketches. SuperFilter intelligently identifies high‐cardinality flows from the data stream, and records them with the large estimator, while other low‐cardinality flows are recorded using a traditional sketch with small estimators. The experimental results show that SuperFilter can reduce the average absolute error of cardinality estimation by over 81% compared with existing approaches.
Flexible transparent silver nanowires conductive films fabricated with spin‐coating method
Authors: Shi Liren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlexible transparent silver nanowires (AgNWs) conductive films were fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate via a two‐stage spin coating method by commercial AgNWs with 20, 40, and 60 nm in diameter, respectively. The electrical and optical and mechanical properties and microstructures were studied by transmittance and haze and sheet resistance and blending cycle measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The flexible transparent AgNWs conductive film with 13 Ω∙sq−1 of sheet resistance and 89.7% of light transmittances at 550 nm and 4.23% of haze was obtained. There is little difference in light transmittance in the visible light range for the conductive films with AgNWs of 20, 40, and 60 nm in diameter, respectively; however, the sheet resistances of the films are 24.8, 28.8, and 62.4 Ω∙sq−1 respectively, indicating that the AgNWs networks with smaller diameters exhibit more connectivity at a given area coverage. After 1000 bending cycles, the sheet resistances of the three films are still low. This research work provides guidance for the preparation of high‐performance flexible transparent AgNWs conductive films by the spin coating method.
Quantitative analysis of common‐mode current in flyback converter with balance winding
Authors: Xu Ce , Zhang Fanghua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe balance winding of the transformer is a compact and flexible technique for the common‐mode (CM) noise reduction of isolated power converters. A proper design of the grounding and turn number of the balance winding will generate an inverse displacement current to balance the CM noise flowing through the transformer. However, a trial and error process to find the optimum design is necessary for practical applications due to the unexplored source of calculation errors. In this paper, a quantitative analysis method of CM currents flowing through all the paths between windings is proposed for error quantifications. Based on an interleaved transformer, the capacitances are extracted with the help of electric field simulations, and the contribution of each path to the CM noise is analysed. Although the paths between adjacent layers are dominant in the CM noise, it is proved that ignoring non‐adjacent inter‐layer paths will lead to calculation errors due to the high voltage difference even with low capacitances. As both the application and verification of the proposed quantitative analysis method, the accurate evaluation of noise reduction effects and determination of the optimum balance winding turns can be achieved in experiments.
Transient DC bias suppression strategy of dual active bridge based on dual integral sliding mode‐direct power control
Authors: Zhaolong Sun , Ziwei Liu , Baolong Liu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe transient DC bias current will be generated when the input voltage or load of the dual active bridge (DAB) converter suddenly changes, resulting in the excessive peak value of the inductor current and saturation of the transformer core. An improved three‐phase‐shift (ITPS) strategy based on double integral sliding mode‐direct power control (DISM‐DPC) is proposed in this paper to suppress DC bias current without additional hardware. The proposed ITPS determines the steady‐state phase shift ratio through an inductor RMS current optimisation strategy. The transient phase shift strategy can be determined by the transient DC bias current model, which eliminates the DC bias within one switching cycle and effectively reduces the current impact. In addition, a dual‐loop compensation control method of power inner loop and output voltage outer loop is proposed. Compared with the steady‐state control method, the transient optimisation method of double‐loop compensation control can stabilise the output voltage quickly, effectively reduce the transient impact of the current and improve the dynamic performance of the circuit operation. The experimental results verify the theoretical analysis and prove the effectiveness of the scheme.
Evaluation of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program among Ten Designated Microscopy Centers of West Tripura: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Goyal Ankita , Kumar Aman , Vashishth Tuhin , Kumari Priyanka , Pachauri Rajat K. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is chronic communicable bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective was to assess the performance in terms of knowledge and practice of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) program among directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) provider, lab technician, senior treatment supervisor (STS), senior tuberculosis laboratory supervisor (STLS), factors affecting knowledge and practice of PTB program, rate of detection, cure rate and to identify the gaps and underlying contributing factors in terms of supply, manpower, and infrastructure.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on knowledge and practice of PTB program among DOTS Provider, lab technician, STS, STLS in ten designated tuberculosis center of West Tripura from May 2018 to April 2019. Simple random sampling method was followed for selecting DOTS provider and sample size of 50 was taken.

Results
Majority (40.0%) of patients were in the age group of 31 to 40 years and mean age of 40.98 ± 10.13 years. Females and males were 68.0 and 32.0%, respectively. Among DOTS provider, 66.0% had served for more than 5 years of service and 84.0% of them had verified address before starting the treatment.

Conclusion
Majority of the DOTS provider had satisfactory knowledge and practice about PTB program. Proportion of the medical officers attending DOTS training was inadequate and there were adequate number of the health care workers who had attended DOTS training. There were no gaps found in proportion of the cases receiving the supervised treatment.
Does Evidence Matter? The Impact of Evidence Regarding Aid Effectiveness on Attitudes Towards Aid
Authors: Eger Jens , Schneider Sebastian H. , Bruder Martin , Gleser Solveig H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDevelopment aid is considered an important instrument in achieving a more sustainable global future. However, the general public perceives aid as rather ineffective. This may be because the public knows little about aid and its effects. Evidence for the effects of aid projects may therefore be of particular importance in shaping attitudes. In a survey experiment carried out among the German population (N ≈ 6000), we presented a claim on the effectiveness of an aid project or the same claim plus experimental evidence, qualitative evidence or anecdotal evidence and compared it to a no information control group. Results revealed that the claim increases both belief in the effectiveness of aid as well as support for aid. Among all forms of evidence tested, anecdotal evidence performs best, followed by experimental evidence. Pre-manipulation support for aid partly moderates the effect of the claim, but those who support aid do not react more strongly to the two forms of scientific evidence (experimental/qualitative).
A cost avoidance study of critical care pharmacists’ interventions in a tertiary institution in Singapore
Authors: Chan Lin En Jeremy , Soong Jie Lin , Lie Sui An 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe economic impact of critical care pharmacists in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting has not been evaluated in Singapore despite ICUs being high-cost areas. This study was conducted to determine the costs avoided as a result of pharmacists’ interventions within multidisciplinary ICU teams in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.MethodsA single-center, retrospective observational study of accepted pharmacists’ interventions was conducted over 6 months in 2020. We adopted a previously published systematic approach to estimate the costs avoided by the healthcare system through pharmacists’ interventions. Interventions were independently reviewed by a critical care pharmacist, an intensivist, and an investigator. Cost avoidance was calculated in terms of the additional ICU length of stay that would have resulted had a pharmacist not intervened as well as the direct cost savings achieved.ResultsThere were 632 medication-related problems (MRPs) associated with the 527 accepted interventions, as some interventions involved multiple MRPs. The most common interventions included correcting inappropriate drug regimens (n = 363; 57%), recommending drug monitoring (n = 65; 10%) and addressing omission of drugs (n = 50; 8%). Over 6 months, gross cost avoidance and net cost avoidance achieved were $186,852 and $140,004, respectively, resulting in a ratio of potential monetary cost avoidance to pharmacist salary of 3.99:1. The top 3 interventions that resulted in the greatest cost avoidance were those that corrected inappropriate drug regimens ($146,870; 79%), avoided adverse drug events (ADEs) ($10,048; 5%), and led to discontinuation of medications without any indication ($7,239; 4%).ConclusionPharmacists can reduce healthcare expenditure substantially through cost avoidance by performing various interventions in ICUs, particularly in the areas of correcting inappropriate drug regimens, avoiding ADEs, and discontinuing unnecessary medications.