bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the respiratory cycle on reaction times in sensory-cognitive paradigms
Authors: Johannknecht Michelle , Kayser Christoph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBehavioural and electrophysiological studies point to an apparent influence of the state of respiration, i.e., whether we inhale or exhale, on brain activity and cognitive performance. Still, the prevalence and relevance of such respiratory-behavioural relations in typical sensory-cognitive tasks remain unclear. We here used a battery of six tasks probing sensory detection, discrimination and short-term memory to address the questions of whether and by how much behaviour covaries with the respiratory cycle. Our results show that participants tend to align their respiratory cycle to the experimental paradigm, in that they tend to inhale around stimulus presentation and exhale when submitting their responses. Furthermore, their reaction times, but not so much their response accuracy, consistently and significantly covary with the respiratory cycle, differing between inhalation and exhalation. This effect is strongest when analysed contingent on the respiratory state around participants’ responses. The respective effect sizes of these respiration-behaviour relations are comparable to those seen in other typical experimental manipulations in sensory-cognitive tasks, highlighting the relevance of these effects. Overall, our results support a prominent relation between respiration and sensory-cognitive function and show that sensation is intricately linked to rhythmic bodily or interoceptive functions.
Automating insect monitoring using unsupervised near-infrared sensors
Authors: Rydhmer Klas , Bick Emily , Still Laurence , Strand Alfred , Luciano Rubens , Helmreich Salena , Beck Brittany D. , Grønne Christoffer , Malmros Ludvig , Poulsen Knud , Elbæk Frederik , Brydegaard Mikkel , Lemmich Jesper , Nikolajsen Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInsect monitoring is critical to improve our understanding and ability to preserve and restore biodiversity, sustainably produce crops, and reduce vectors of human and livestock disease. Conventional monitoring methods of trapping and identification are time consuming and thus expensive. Automation would significantly improve the state of the art. Here, we present a network of distributed wireless sensors that moves the field towards automation by recording backscattered near-infrared modulation signatures from insects. The instrument is a compact sensor based on dual-wavelength infrared light emitting diodes and is capable of unsupervised, autonomous long-term insect monitoring over weather and seasons. The sensor records the backscattered light at kHz pace from each insect transiting the measurement volume. Insect observations are automatically extracted and transmitted with environmental metadata over cellular connection to a cloud-based database. The recorded features include wing beat harmonics, melanisation and flight direction. To validate the sensor’s capabilities, we tested the correlation between daily insect counts from an oil seed rape field measured with six yellow water traps and six sensors during a 4-week period. A comparison of the methods found a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.61 and a p-value = 0.0065, with the sensors recording approximately 19 times more insect observations and demonstrating a larger temporal dynamic than conventional yellow water trap monitoring.
Thermography based skin allergic reaction recognition by convolutional neural networks
Authors: Neumann Łukasz , Nowak Robert , Stępień Jacek , Chmielewska Ewelina , Pankiewicz Patryk , Solan Radosław , Jahnz-Różyk Karina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work we present an automated approach to allergy recognition based on neural networks. Allergic reaction classification is an important task in modern medicine. Currently it is done by humans, which has obvious drawbacks, such as subjectivity in the process. We propose an automated method to classify prick allergic reactions using correlated visible-spectrum and thermal images of a patient’s forearm. We test our model on a real-life dataset of 100 patients (1584 separate allergen injections). Our solution yields good results—0.98 ROC AUC; 0.97 AP; 93.6% accuracy. Additionally, we present a method to segment separate allergen injection areas from the image of the patient’s forearm (multiple injections per forearm). The proposed approach can possibly reduce the time of an examination, while taking into consideration more information than possible by human staff.
Effects of linear periodization of combined training on quality of life of adults with obesity: a blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tozetto Willen Remon , Leonel Larissa dos Santos , Turnes Tiago , Del Duca Giovani Firpo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effect of 16-weeks of combining aerobic and strength training with a linear increase or fixed intensity on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of obese adults. This single-blinded clinical trial involved adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), randomized into control (CG), fixed intensity (FG), or linear increase (LG) groups. The FG and LG performed 16 weeks of combined (aerobic + strength) training for 60 min, three times a week. The FG performed aerobic exercises between 50 and 59% of the heart rate reserve (HRres) and strength at 10–12 maximum repetitions (RM). The LG started with 40–49% of HRres and 12–14 RM and progressively increased the intensity (50–59% and 10–12 RM; 60–69% and 8–10 RM). The HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Generalized estimation equations and mean differences (∆) were used. Of the 69 participants (23 per group), 36 completed the intervention (CG = 13, FG = 9, and LG = 14). A significant difference was observed in the time of the physical function, with superiority in the training groups (CG: ∆ = 1.2 vs. FG and LG, respectively: ∆ = 10.0). The mental health component and mental health domain showed significant differences for the FG (∆ = 30.2 and ∆ = 23.1, respectively). In conclusion, the combined training improved physical functioning. Specifically, fixed-intensity training effectively enhanced mental health indicators.Trial Registration:This study is registered atwww.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/(No. RBR-3c7rt3), Date of registration: 07/02/2018.
Changes of operative performance of pulse pressure variation as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in endotoxin shock
Authors: Alvarado Sánchez Jorge Iván , Caicedo Ruiz Juan Daniel , Diaztagle Fernández Juan Jose , Ospina Tascon Gustavo Adolfo , Monge Garcia Manuel Ignacio , Ruiz Narvaez Guillermo Arturo , Cruz Martínez Luis Eduardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral limitations regarding pulse pressure variation (PPV) use have been reported. Our aim was to describe changes in the PPV operative performance as a predictor of fluid responsiveness during the development of a swine endotoxin shock model and to assess hemodynamic variables associated with PPV changes. A swine porcine endotoxin shock model was established (Escherichia Coli 055:B5 endotoxin) in 7 pigs, and 3 pigs were included in the control group. The endotoxin was infused until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) dropped below 50 mmHg (TH0); then, the model animal was reanimated with fluids and vasopressors. We performed fluid challenges every hour for 6 h. ROC curve analysis and a linear mixed model were performed. The area under the curve of PPV decreased from 0.95 (0.81–1.00) to 0.60 (0.17–1.00) at TH0. Its cutoff increased from 10.5 to 22.00% at TH0. PPV showed an inverse relationship with stroke volume, mean systemic filling pressure, MAP, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (p < 0.001, AIC = 111.85). The PPV operative performance as a predictor of fluid responsiveness decreased with the progression of shock. This could lead to an inverse association between PPV and the following variables: MAP and SVR.
Spontaneous emergence of counterclockwise vortex motion in assemblies of pedestrians roaming within an enclosure
Authors: Echeverría-Huarte Iñaki , Nicolas Alexandre , Hidalgo Raúl Cruz , Garcimartín Angel , Zuriguel Iker 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe emergence of coherent vortices has been observed in a wide variety of many-body systems such as animal flocks, bacteria, colloids, vibrated granular materials or human crowds. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that pedestrians roaming within an enclosure also form vortex-like patterns which, intriguingly, only rotate counterclockwise. By implementing simple numerical simulations, we evidence that the development of swirls in many-particle systems can be described as a phase transition in which both the density of agents and their dissipative interactions with the boundaries play a determinant role. Also, for the specific case of pedestrians, we show that the preference of right-handed people (the majority in our experiments) to turn leftwards when facing a wall is the symmetry breaking mechanism needed to trigger the global counterclockwise rotation observed.
Experimental measurements of the viscosity and melt structure of alkali basalts at high pressure and temperature
Authors: Bonechi Barbara , Stagno Vincenzo , Kono Yoshio , Hrubiak Rostislav , Ziberna Luca , Andreozzi Giovanni B. , Perinelli Cristina , Gaeta Mario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVolcanic eruptions are shallow phenomena that represent the final stage of density- and viscosity- driven processes of melt migration from source rocks at upper mantle depths. In this experimental study, we investigated the effect of pressure (0.7–7.0 GPa) and temperature (1335–2000 °C) on the viscosity and the atomic melt structure of a synthetic anhydrous primitive alkaline basalt, an analogue of the pre-eruptive magma that likely feeds the Campi Flegrei Volcanic District at present day. Obtained viscosities (0.5–3.0 Pa s), mobility (0.1–0.4 g cm3 Pa−1 s−1) and ascent velocity (1.5–6.0 m yr−1) are presented to support geochemical and geophysical observations of Campi Flegrei as a critical volcanic district currently undergoing gradual magma recharge at depth.
Transcriptomic analysis of Mesoamerican and Andean Phaseolus vulgaris accessions revealed mRNAs and lncRNAs associated with strain selectivity during symbiosis
Authors: Clúa Joaquín , Rivero Claudio Hernán , Roda Carla , Giorgis Carolina , Donna Soledad , Zanetti María Eugenia , Blanco Flavio Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLegume plants establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with soil bacteria known as rhizobia. Compatibility between legumes and rhizobia is determined at species-specific level, but variations in the outcome of the symbiotic process are also influenced by the capacity of the plant to discriminate and select specific strains that are better partners. We compared the transcriptional response of two genetically diverse accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris from Mesoamerica and South Andes to Rhizobium etli strains that exhibit variable degrees of symbiotic affinities. Our results indicate that the plant genotype is the major determinant of the transcriptional reprogramming occurring in roots at early stages of the symbiotic interaction. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated in the Mesoamerican and the Andean accessions in response to specific strains are different, but they belong to the same functional categories. The common and strain-specific transcriptional responses to rhizobia involve distinct transcription factors  and cis-elements present in the promoters of DEGs in each accession, showing that diversification and domestication of common bean at different geographic regions influenced the evolution of symbiosis differently in each genetic pool. Quantitative PCR analysis validated our transcriptional datasets, which constitute a valuable source of coding and non-coding candidate genes to further unravel the molecular determinants governing the mechanisms by which plants select bacterial strains that produce a better symbiotic outcome.
Exploring protective associations between the use of classic psychedelics and cocaine use disorder: a population-based survey study
Authors: Jones Grant M. , Nock Matthew K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCocaine Use Disorder (CUD) is a significant public health problem associated with elevated morbidity and mortality within the United States. Current behavioral treatments have limited efficacy and there are currently no FDA approved pharmacological treatments for CUD. Classic psychedelics might be associated with lowered odds of substance misuse and may effectively treat various forms of addiction. Thus, the goal of this study is to assess protective associations that lifetime use of classic psychedelics may share with CUD within a nationally representative sample of the U.S. We used data from The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (2015–2019) and conducted survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression to test whether each of four classic psychedelics (peyote, mescaline, psilocybin, LSD) conferred lowered odds of CUD and its related 11 sub-criteria. Participants were 214,505 adults in the NSDUH (2015–2019) aged 18 and older. Peyote conferred lowered odds of CUD, reducing the odds of CUD by over 50% (aOR: 0.47). All other substances (including other classic psychedelics) either shared no association to CUD or conferred increased odds of CUD. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses revealed peyote to confer sharply lowered odds of the majority (seven of 11) of CUD criteria as well (aOR range: 0.26–0.47). Peyote use is associated with lowered odds of CUD. Future inquiries into third variable factors (i.e., demographic/personality profiles of individuals who use peyote, motivational/contextual factors surrounding peyote use) that may underlie our observed associations may reveal protective factors that can inform treatment development for CUD. Additionally, future longitudinal studies can shed further light on whether there is a temporal link between peyote use and lowered odds of CUD.
Willingness to sacrifice among convicted Islamist terrorists versus violent gang members and other criminals
Authors: Gómez Angel , Atran Scott , Chinchilla Juana , Vázquez Alexandra , López-Rodríguez Lucia , Paredes Borja , Martínez Mercedes , Blanco Laura , Alba Beatriz , Bautista Hend , Fernández Saulo , Pozuelo-Rubio Florencia , González-Álvarez José Luis , Chiclana Sandra , Valladares-Narganes Héctor , Alonso María , Ruíz-Alvarado Alfredo , López-Novo José Luis , Davis Richard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIs terrorism just another form of criminal activity, as many nations’ justice systems assume? We offer an initial answer using face-to-face interviews and structured surveys in thirty-five Spanish prisons. Recent theories of extreme sacrifice inform this direct observational and comparative study. Islamist terrorists display levels of self-sacrifice for their primary reference group similar to that of Latino gangs, but greater willingness to sacrifice for primary values than other inmates (non-radical Muslims, Latino gangs, and delinquent bands). This disposition is motivated by stronger perceived injustice, discrimination, and a visceral commitment to such values (risk/radicalization factors). Nevertheless, state authorities, prison staff, and families are (protective/de-radicalization) factors apt to reduce willingness to sacrifice and keep foreign fighters, now being released in large numbers, from returning to terrorism.
Oxidative coupling of methane—comparisons of MnTiO3–Na2WO4 and MnOx–TiO2–Na2WO4 catalysts on different silica supports
Authors: Tiyatha Worapinit , Chukeaw Thanaphat , Sringam Sarannuch , Witoon Thongthai , Chareonpanich Metta , Rupprechter Günther , Seubsai Anusorn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) converts CH4 to value-added chemicals (C2+), such as olefins and paraffin. For a series of MnTiO3-Na2WO4 (MnTiO3-NW) and MnOx-TiO2-Na2WO4 (Mn-Ti-NW), the effect of loading of MnTiO3 or MnOx-TiO2, respectively, on two different supports (sol–gel SiO2 (SG) and commercial fumed SiO2 (CS)) was examined. The catalyst with the highest C2+ yield (21.6% with 60.8% C2+ selectivity and 35.6% CH4 conversion) was 10 wt% MnTiO3-NW/SG with an olefins/paraffin ratio of 2.2. The catalyst surfaces with low oxygen-binding energies were associated with high CH4 conversion. Stability tests conducted for over 24 h revealed that SG-supported catalysts were more durable than those on CS because the active phase (especially Na2WO4) was more stable in SG than in CS. With the use of SG, the activity of MnTiO3-NW was not substantially different from that of Mn-Ti-NW, especially at high metal loading.
On a high photocatalytic activity of high-noble alloys Au–Ag/TiO2 catalysts during oxygen evolution reaction of water oxidation
Authors: Malik Anum Shahid , Liu Taifeng , Rittiruam Meena , Saelee Tinnakorn , Da Silva Juarez L. F. , Praserthdam Supareak , Praserthdam Piyasan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe analysis via density functional theory was employed to understand high photocatalytic activity found on the Au–Ag high-noble alloys catalysts supported on rutile TiO2 during the oxygen evolution of water oxidation reaction (OER). It was indicated that the most thermodynamically stable location of the Au–Ag bimetal-support interface is the bridging row oxygen vacancy site. On the active region of the Au–Ag catalyst, the Au site is the most active for OER catalyzing the reaction with an overpotential of 0.60 V. Whereas the photocatalytic activity of other active sites follows the trend of Au > Ag > Ti. This finding evident from the projected density of states revealed the formation of the trap state that reduces the band gap of the catalyst promoting activity. In addition, the Bader charge analysis revealed the electron relocation from Ag to Au to be the reason behind the activity of the bimetallic that exceeds its monometallic counterparts.
Hemicellulosa-derived Arenga pinnata bunches as free-standing carbon nanofiber membranes for electrode material supercapacitors
Authors: Farma Rakhmawati , Apriyani Irma , Awitdrus Awitdrus , Taer Erman , Apriwandi Apriwandi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCarbon nanofibers derived from lignocellulosic materials have become the most prevalent free-standing electrode material for supercapacitors due to their renewable and sustainable nature. This study usedArenga pinnatabunches (APB) as raw material for hemicellulose compounds to produce carbon electrodes through carbonization processes at 650 °C, 700 °C, 750 °C, and 800 °C, in the presence of flowing N2gas. The variations in carbonization temperature resulted in carbon electrodes with surface morphology having a nanofiber structure with micro-meso pore distribution. According to the results, the carbonization temperature of 700 °C (APB-700) is the optimum temperature for producing electrode surface morphology with a combination of nanofiber, micro-and mesopore distributions, as well as specific surface area, specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of 1231.896 m2 g−1, 201.6 F g−1, 28.0 Wh kg−1, and 109.5 W kg−1, respectively, for the two electrode systems. This shows the combination of nanofibers and the distribution of micro-and mesopores produced with variations in carbonization temperature has the capacity to improve the performance of supercapacitor cells. Therefore, carbon nanofibers derived fromArenga pinnatabunches have the potential to be used as free-standing electrode materials for supercapacitors without employing doping, binder, electrospinning, and heteroatom template methods.
mRNA vaccine-induced antibodies more effective than natural immunity in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and its high affinity variants
Authors: Yu Yunkai , Esposito Dominic , Kang Zhigang , Lu Jianming , Remaley Alan T. , De Giorgi Valeria , Chen Leonard N. , West Kamille , Cao Liang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged. Those with mutations in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor binding domain (RBD) are associated with increased transmission and severity. In this study, we developed both antibody quantification and functional neutralization assays. Analyses of both COVID-19 convalescent and diagnostic cohorts strongly support the use of RBD antibody levels as an excellent surrogate to biochemical neutralization activities. Data further revealed that the samples from mRNA vaccinated individuals had a median of 17 times higher RBD antibody levels and a similar degree of increased neutralization activities against RBD-ACE2 binding than those from natural infections. Our data showed that N501Y RBD had fivefold higher ACE2 binding than the original variant. While some antisera from naturally infected subjects had substantially reduced neutralization ability against N501Y RBD, all blood samples from vaccinated individuals were highly effective in neutralizing it. Thus, our data indicates that mRNA vaccination may generate more neutralizing RBD antibodies than natural immunity. It further suggests a potential need to maintain high RBD antibody levels to control the more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants.
The lipid components of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are essential for the binding and transportation of antimicrobial peptides in human serum
Authors: Tang Wen-Hung , Wang Shi-Han , Wang Chiu-Feng , Mou Yun , Lin Min-Guan , Hsiao Chwan-Deng , Liao You-Di 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been developed for the treatment of bacterial infections, but their applications are limited to topical infections since they are sequestered and inhibited in serum. Here we have discovered that the inhibition of AMPs by human serum was mediated through high-density lipoproteins (HDL) which are known to remove cholesterol from peripheral tissues. The susceptibility of AMPs to HDL varied depending on the degree of hydrophobicity of AMPs and their binding affinities to HDL. The phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, of HDL were essential for AMP-binding. The dynamic binding interactions between AMPs and HDL were mediated through the hydrophobic interactions rather than by ionic strength. Interestingly, some AMPs, such as SMAP29, dissociated from the AMP-HDL complex and translocated to bacteria upon contact, while some AMPs, such as LL37, remained in complex with HDL. These results suggest that HDL binds AMPs and facilitates the translocation of them to the bacteria.
Modern livestock farming under tropical conditions using sensors in grazing systems
Authors: Romanzini Eliéder Prates , Watanabe Rafael Nakamura , Fonseca Natália Vilas Boas , Berça Andressa Scholz , Brito Thaís Ribeiro , Bernardes Priscila Arrigucci , Munari Danísio Prado , Reis Ricardo Andrade 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate a commercial sensor—a three-axis accelerometer—to predict animal behavior with a variety of conditions in tropical grazing systems. The sensor was positioned on the underjaw of young bulls to detect the animals’ movements. A total of 22 animals were monitored in a grazing system, during both seasons (wet and dry), with different quality and quantity forage allowance. The machine learning (ML) methods used were random forest (RF), convolutional neural net and linear discriminant analysis; the metrics used to determine the best method were accuracy, Kappa coefficient, and a confusion matrix. After predicting animal behavior using the best ML method, a forecast for animal performance was developed using a mechanistic model: multiple linear regression to correlate intermediate average daily gain (iADG) observed versus iADG predicted. The best ML method yielded accuracy of 0.821 and Kappa coefficient of 0.704, was RF. From the forecast for animal performance, the Pearson correlation was 0.795 and the mean square error was 0.062. Hence, the commercial Ovi-bovi sensor, which is a three-axis accelerometer, can act as a powerful tool for predicting animal behavior in beef cattle production developed under a variety tropical grazing condition.