bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting coral metapopulation decline in a changing thermal environment
Authors: Holstein Daniel M. , Smith Tyler B. , van Hooidonk Ruben , Paris Claire B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThermal stress is expected to compromise the persistence of tropical corals throughout their biogeographic ranges, making many reefs inhospitable to corals by the end of the century. We integrated models of local predictions of thermal stress throughout the coming century, coral larval dispersal, and the persistence of a coral’s metapopulation(s) in the Caribbean to investigate broad trends in metapopulation fragmentation and decline. As coral reef patches become inhospitable throughout the next century, the metapopulation of Orbicella annularis is predicted to fragment, with sub-networks centered around highly connected patches and thermal refuges. Some of these are predicted to include the reefs of Colombia, Panama, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, Southern and Northern Cuba, Haiti, and the Bahamas. Unknown coral population demographic parameters, such as lifetime egg production and stock-recruitment rates, limit the model’s predictions; however, a sensitivity analysis demonstrates that broadscale patterns of fragmentation and metapopulation collapse before the end of the century are consistent across a range of potential parameterizations. Despite dire predictions, the model highlights the potential value in protecting and restoring coral populations at strategic locations that are highly connected and/or influential to persistence. Coordinated conservation activities that support local resilience at low coral cover have the potential to stave off metapopulation collapse for decades, buying valuable time. Thermal refuges are linchpins of metapopulation persistence during moderate thermal stress, and targeted conservation or restoration that supports connectivity between these refuges by enhancing local population growth or sexual propagation may be critically important to species conservation on coral reefs.
Downbeat nystagmus becomes attenuated during walking compared to standing
Authors: Dietrich Haike , Pradhan Cauchy , Heidger Felix , Schniepp Roman , Wuehr Max 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDownbeat nystagmus (DBN) is a common form of acquired fixation nystagmus related to vestibulo-cerebellar impairments and associated with impaired vision and postural imbalance. DBN intensity becomes modulated by various factors such as gaze direction, head position, daytime, and resting conditions. Further evidence suggests that locomotion attenuates postural symptoms in DBN. Here, we examined whether walking might analogously influence ocular-motor deficits in DBN. Gaze stabilization mechanisms and nystagmus frequency were examined in 10 patients with DBN and 10 age-matched healthy controls with visual fixation during standing vs. walking on a motorized treadmill. Despite their central ocular-motor deficits, linear and angular gaze stabilization in the vertical plane were functional during walking in DBN patients and comparable to controls. Notably, nystagmus frequency in patients was considerably reduced during walking compared to standing (p < 0.001). The frequency of remaining nystagmus during walking was further modulated in a manner that depended on the specific phase of the gait cycle (p = 0.015). These attenuating effects on nystagmus intensity during walking suggest that ocular-motor control disturbances are selectively suppressed during locomotion in DBN. This suppression is potentially mediated by locomotor efference copies that have been shown to selectively govern gaze stabilization during stereotyped locomotion in animal models.
No-Dimensional Tverberg Theorems and Algorithms
Authors: Choudhary Aruni , Mulzer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTverberg’s theorem states that for any $$k\ge 2$$

k
≥
2

and any set $$P\subset {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

P
⊂

R

d

of at least $$(d+1)(k-1)+1$$

(
d
+
1
)
(
k
-
1
)
+
1

points in d dimensions, we can partition P into k subsets whose convex hulls have a non-empty intersection. The associated search problem of finding the partition lies in the complexity class $$\text {CLS} = \text {PPAD} \cap \text {PLS}$$

CLS
=
PPAD
∩
PLS

, but no hardness results are known. In the colorful Tverberg theorem, the points in P have colors, and under certain conditions, P can be partitioned into colorful sets, in which each color appears exactly once and whose convex hulls intersect. To date, the complexity of the associated search problem is unresolved. Recently, Adiprasito, Bárány, and Mustafa (SODA 2019) gave a no-dimensional Tverberg theorem, in which the convex hulls may intersect in an approximate fashion. This relaxes the requirement on the cardinality of P. The argument is constructive, but does not result in a polynomial-time algorithm. We present a deterministic algorithm that finds for any n-point set $$P\subset {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

P
⊂

R

d

and any $$k\in \{2,\dots ,n\}$$

k
∈
{
2
,
⋯
,
n
}

in $$O(nd\lceil {\log k}\rceil )$$

O
(
n
d
⌈

log
k

⌉
)

time a k-partition of P such that there is a ball of radius $$O((k/\sqrt{n}){\text {diam}}(P))$$

O
(

(
k
/

n

)

diam

(
P
)

)

that intersects the convex hull of each set. Given that this problem is not known to be solvable exactly in polynomial time, our result provides a remarkably efficient and simple new notion of approximation. Our main contribution is to generalize Sarkaria’s method (Israel Journal Math., 1992) to reduce the Tverberg problem to the colorful Carathéodory problem (in the simplified tensor product interpretation of Bárány and Onn) and to apply it algorithmically. It turns out that this not only leads to an alternative algorithmic proof of a no-dimensional Tverberg theorem, but it also generalizes to other settings such as the colorful variant of the problem.
Last-mile drone delivery combinatorial double auction model using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Lee Chen-Wei , Wong Wai-Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a combinatorial double auction bi-objective winner determination problem for last-mile delivery using drone. Prior studies are limited on solving mixed integer model, which are not efficient for large-scale scenario. However, this is not practical in real cases as the computation time to obtain the solution is longer due to number of combinations of packages and participants anticipated in the last-mile delivery platform. Four multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) with the decomposed winner determination problem model are experimented. This study is able to yield Pareto optimal solutions from multiple runs of mixed linear integer programming (MILP) using different objectives weights in the model. Unmanned aerial vehicle, or drone, has potential to reduce cost and save time for last-mile logistic operations. The result positively shows MOEAs are more efficient than MILP in yielding a set of feasible solutions for undertaking complex winner determination problem models. The percentage of improvement in terms of time spent identifying the best option is almost 100%. This is likely an unprecedented research in drone where combinatorial double auction is applied to complex drone delivery services and MOEAs are used to solve the associated winner determination problem model.
Freitagnachts unterwegs im ÖPNV
Authors: Kapitza Jonas 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungUrbane Zentren spielen eine zentrale Rolle für nächtliche Freizeitaktivitäten in der Stadt. In ihnen bündeln sich die Angebote der nächtlichen Freizeitökonomien, wie Bars, Restaurants oder Clubs, die oft auf einzelne Hotspots konzentriert sind. Um zu diesen Hotspots zu gelangen, müssen Wege zurückgelegt und Verkehrsmittel genutzt werden. Dabei unterscheidet sich die räumliche Mobilität in der Nacht, insbesondere im Bereich des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (ÖPNV), in vielerlei Hinsicht von derjenigen am Tag. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert der Beitrag am Beispiel von Karlsruhe die nächtlichen Mobilitätsprozesse, die zu Freizeitzwecken im ÖPNV stattfinden. Die Basis der Analyse bildet ein Datensatz, der im Rahmen eines studentischen Workshops während einer nächtlichen Befragung in den Bahnen der Karlsruher Verkehrsbetriebe entstanden ist. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter anderem, dass Haltestellen, die sich in unmittelbarer Nähe der nächtlichen Freizeitökonomien befinden, in der Nacht überdurchschnittlich oft von Fahrgästen des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs frequentiert werden. Trotz einiger Kritikpunkte wird das nächtliche ÖPNV-Angebot dabei überwiegend positiv wahrgenommen. Gleichwohl zeigt der Artikel grundsätzliche Verbesserungspotenziale auf und stellt geeignete Handlungsspielräume und Optimierungsmaßnahmen vor. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen für weitere Forschungsansätze zum Thema der nächtlichen Mobilität gegeben.
The Unreliability of Online Review Mechanisms
Authors: Narciso M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOnline reviews have an undeniable impact on the market and are an important source of consumer information. From a legal perspective, online reviews actively influence consumers’ decisions to enter into a contract. Moreover, online reviews convey pre-contractual information that consumers find relevant and easy to understand, unlike the pre-contractual information disclosed as a result of EU law–based information duties. From this perspective, online reviews could potentially be seen as a complement of the flawed EU law–based information paradigm and regulatory improvement options based on reviews could be explored. However, the unreliability of online reviews is an obstacle that haunts consumers, practitioners, regulators, and academics alike. This unreliability has previously been identified as a reason not to award online reviews a more significant role in the EU law–based regulatory framework of pre-contractual information in consumer contracts. This paper explores the merits of this argument by discussing how the unreliability of online reviews is currently regulated. This paper takes a broad perspective on regulation, focusing not only on EU consumer legislation, but also looking at standardization, soft law, self-regulation, and the role of national consumer authorities. Overall, this paper argues that there are sufficient measures in place to shift the debate from the unreliability of reviews to reviews’ potential role in the protection of consumer informational interests.
Waif or hybrid? Observation records of rare coloration grouper in Djibouti
Authors: He Song , Green Alison L. , Samoilys Melita A. , Moussa Omar Youssouf , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We observed groupers with an unusual color pattern in Ghoubet-Al-Kharab Bay, Djibouti, on two occasions in 2014 and 2020. It matches the field observation of a juvenile Cephalopholis formosa in India in 1980. If this is the case, our observation represents a major range extension for C. formosa. Alternatively, based on the intermediate coloration of the specimens and sightings, we propose that they may be hybrids of C. formosa and C. oligosticta. We present two possible scenarios that may have facilitated hybridization: rarity and overlapping ranges in Djibouti with self-recruitment or rarity and overlapping ranges in another location (e.g., Socotra or the Arabian Sea) with long-distance larval dispersal to Djibouti. This hybridization is possible given the genetic similarity between the two putative parent species and because similar hybridization cases have been recorded within this genus and family elsewhere. However, both of these scenarios would require a range extension for one or both parent species as they are not previously known to overlap. Nevertheless, further field observations and genetic studies are required to verify the proposed identification of the putative hybrid and test the presented scenarios.
Understanding factors that affect wellbeing in trans people “later” in transition: a qualitative study
Authors: Aldridge Z. , Thorne N. , Marshall E. , English C. , Yip A. K. T. , Nixon E. , Witcomb G. L. , Bouman W. P. , Arcelus J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that trans people present with lower quality of life and wellbeing than the general population, few studies have explored the factors associated with this, particularly in those who have medically transitioned some time ago. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature on what factors are associated with wellbeing in trans people who initiated medical transition some time ago.

Methods
This study used semi-structured one-to-one interviews with 23 participants to investigate the factors that impact upon the wellbeing of trans people who had initiated Gender Affirming Medical Treatment five or more years ago. The content of the interviews were analysed with an inductive, grounded theory approach to identify common themes within them.

Results
The four themes identified include some consistencies with cisgender populations (while being viewed through the lens of trans experience), as well as those more specific to the trans experience. Together these themes were: Interactions with healthcare services; Seeking societal acceptance; Quality of social support; The ‘double-edged sword’ of media and social media. Each of the themes identifies a factor that participants highlighted as impacting, either positively or negatively, on their wellbeing.

Conclusions
The results highlight the importance of social support, protective legislations, awareness of trans issues in the general public, and the need of improving the knowledge held by non-specialist healthcare providers.
The arid Andean plateau waterscapes and the lithium triangle: flamingos as flagships for conservation of high-altitude wetlands under pressure from mining development
Authors: Marconi P. , Arengo F. , Clark A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe high Andean arid plateau extends through Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. Within the desert matrix, basins contain wetlands that provide essential resources for human activity, and habitat for biodiversity highly adapted to extreme temperatures, altitudes, and salinity gradients. In these waterscapes, the water balance, even without human intervention, is negative and their unique biodiversity and lifeways are now confronted with an unprecedented level of development from lithium mining for rechargeable batteries. The “lithium triangle” coincides with the areas of highest abundance of the altiplano’s iconic flamingos. Flamingos are an ideal flagship for conservation because of the landscape scale at which they use wetlands, and Network of Wetlands for Flamingo Conservation, which implies the sustainable use of these wetlands, can be invoked to determine priority conservation actions. Since 2016, mining exploration has increased throughout the region, most notably in Argentina. A review of the Environmental Impact Reports (IIAs) for projects in Catamarca, Argentina, shows that they do not comply with national guidelines: they do not adequately address water budgets, consider protected area status, engage local communities, or consider cumulative and synergistic impacts. While the transition to “green” energy sources holds the promise of mitigating the negative impacts of traditional energy sources responsible for climate change, a truly sustainable energy sector would consider the full life cycle of the battery (“cradle-to-grave”), the social and environmental impacts of mining, and the feedback processes across the coupled socioecological systems, from raw material mining through production, use, recycling, and disposal.
Defining and Measuring Indices of Happiness and Unhappiness in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ramey Devon , Healy Olive , McEnaney Emma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImproving quality of life (QoL) is the goal of behavior analytic services, but there can be barriers to assessing the QoL of autistic children due to characteristics inherent in the condition. Given that happiness is a fundamental element of QoL, previous research has relied on behavioral indicators of mood (e.g., smiling, crying) to evaluate the overall QoL of disabled individuals. However, the use of these traditional indices may not accurately reflect the emotional well-being of autistic individuals, who are known to engage in idiosyncratic mood indicators. The current study replicated selected procedures from Parsons et al. (2012) to identify and validate the unique mood indicators of young autistic children. The study showed that individualized indices of happiness and unhappiness could be operationally defined and reliably measured among these children. Key findings and limitations of this study are discussed, and the implications of these findings are presented.
The Influencers of International Investment Law: A Computational Study of ISDS Actors’ Changing Behavior
Authors: Lie Runar Hilleren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis Article studies the change in behavior over time for the professional actors in the international investment arbitration system. Using the results from a large-scale computational analysis, I find indications that the actors have increased their use of citations and their use of terms that originate outside of the litigated treaties. In light of these findings, I argue that the actors are increasingly challenging the insulated structural outset of international investment law with a more systemic approach to legal reasoning. Subsequently, I explore if theories from the realm of cognitive science may provide explanations for why the actors are changing their behavior and what consequences such cognitive mechanisms may have on the systems development.
Bias in International Law
Authors: Fikfak Veronika , Peat Daniel , van der Zee Eva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis special issue looks at how cognitive bias matters to international law. We wish to shed light on the legal frames, labels, and cognitive biases that shape our understanding of international rules, the application of these rules, and outcomes of international adjudicatory processes. Adopting the behavioral approach to international law, we focus on actual behavior rather than assumed behavior of actors taking part in the international legal process. The central idea of this approach is that human cognitive capacities are limited—or bounded—by a variety of cognitive, emotional and social, or group-based biases. Our aim is to explore how these biases operate on the individual, group, and state level in various spheres of international law. This Symposium therefore looks beyond the traditional understanding of international law as applying between states, and focuses on how individuals, as actors in the international sphere, use international law language to influence other people, to create communities, and to shape identities.This Introduction first serves to explain the type of shortcuts we make in our decision-making. This description of biases is followed by an overview of behavioral literature in international law that has thus far examined how bias operates in different aspects of international law—in relation to sources, to compliance, and individuals taking part in the international legal process. We then turn to introduce the Symposium and explain its contribution to the existing literature.
Consuming International Law: Towards an Experimental Research Agenda for Understanding the Effects of Corporate International Humanitarian Law Violations on Consumer Buying Behavior
Authors: Kolieb Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe focus of international humanitarian law scholarship, and that of international law more broadly, has traditionally taken a state-centric focus, for good reason. Moreover, the age-old question of “does international law work” is explored thorough the rubric of state and, more recently, corporate-level compliance. Such endeavors, however, overlook a set of participants in international law: The individual. Diffusion of international law norms through the general populace is a valuable goal in itself, but by leveraging their decision-making as consumers, it may also play an important role in inducing greater compliance by companies and states. This is acknowledged by the proliferation of consumer boycott campaigns, country-of-origin labelling requirements, and increased demands for corporate transparency. However, little is known about whether international law influences consumer choices. Using international humanitarian law as an illustrative example, this article contends that international legal scholarship should be expanded to include the consumer within its ambit, and that one promising pathway to do so is through greater uptake of the methodological approaches and insights offered by behavioral economics.
The effect of study abroad on the choice of request perspectives in formal and informal contexts: evidence from role play
Authors: Annan Emmanuella Bafua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study reports on the effect of study abroad on the choice of request perspectives in formal and informal situations using the intermediary of an open role play test. The study is a longitudinal one involving 24 Ghanaian L2 French learners. At least 12 out of the 24 did a study abroad in France and the other 12 in Benin. Both groups studied for a duration of 10 months in their respective contexts. Additional data included learner’s self-reported volume of interaction in French per day. The main results show that the effect of formality of the context on the choice of request perspectives is only observed after study abroad. This seems to be as a result of their interaction with L1 speakers during study abroad leading to the adoption of native-like use of request perspectives in formal and informal situations.
A multimedia paediatric cardiology assessment tool for medical students and general paediatric trainees: development and validation
Authors: Wilson Hunter C. , Lim Tiffany R. , Axelrod David M. , Werho David K. , Handler Stephanie S. , Mullan Patricia B. , Cooke James M. , Owens Sonal T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground:Understanding how cardiovascular structure and physiology guide management is critically important in paediatric cardiology. However, few validated educational tools are available to assess trainee knowledge. To address this deficit, paediatric cardiologists and fellows from four institutions collaborated to develop a multimedia assessment tool for use with medical students and paediatric residents. This tool was developed in support of a novel 3-dimensional virtual reality curriculum created by our group.Methods:Educational domains were identified, and questions were iteratively developed by a group of clinicians from multiple centres to assess understanding of key concepts. To evaluate content validity, content experts completed the assessment and reviewed items, rating item relevance to educational domains using a 4-point Likert scale. An item-level content validity index was calculated for each question, and a scale-level content validity index was calculated for the assessment tool, with scores of ≥0.78 and ≥0.90, respectively, representing excellent content validity.Results:The mean content expert assessment score was 92% (range 88–97%). Two questions yielded ≤50% correct content expert answers. The item-level content validity index for 29 out of 32 questions was ≥0.78, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.92. Qualitative feedback included suggestions for future improvement. Questions with ≤50% content expert agreement and item-level content validity index scores <0.78 were removed, yielding a 27-question assessment tool.Conclusions:We describe a multi-centre effort to create and validate a multimedia assessment tool which may be implemented within paediatric trainee cardiology curricula. Future efforts may focus on content refinement and expansion to include additional educational domains.