bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Strength Heavy Wall HY-80 Flux Cored Arc Welding
Authors: Sun Dongmei , Johnstone Brent 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
HY-80 is a quenched and tempered high strength low alloy steel developed for use in naval applications, specifically for the submarine pressure hulls. Properly developed welding procedures and correct welding consumable selection are important for obtaining quality welds for HY-80 welding, especially when metal thickness is 50 mm and over.
Welding procedure qualification on 50 mm thick high strength HY-80 steel was performed using the mechanized flux cored arc welding (FCAW) process. A series of procedure qualification test panels were fabricated. Non-destructive examinations (NDE) and mechanical testing of the qualification panels were performed in accordance with the requirements of the applicable MOD UK standards.
Through detailed analysis of the welding parameters, mechanical properties, microstructures and NDE results of the test panels, this paper provides insight into the effects of welding process variables on mechanical properties and weld quality of heavy wall HY-80 welding.
Metallurgical Characterization of a 114,000-Hour Service-Aged Forge 91-Pipe 91 Steel Header Weldment
Authors: Wang Yiyu , Zhang Wei , Wang Yanli , Feng Zhili , Siefert John , Bridges Alex , Kung Steven 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, multi-scale metallurgical characterizations with advanced microscopy techniques were conducted on an ex-service girth weld between a SA-182 forge 91 (F91) steel reducer to a SA335 pipe 91 (P91) steel header after 141,000 hours (16 years) service at a coal-red power plant between 1991 and 2015. Multiple metallurgical factors, including compositions, inclusions, precipitates, and hardness, were analyzed in comparison for the F91 and P91 steels. The results not only gain an in-depth understanding of creep deformation mechanisms in 9Cr steel welds, but also provide baseline information for remaining lifetime assessments of those service-aged steam components. The results show highly nonuniform creep degradation and damages were observed on the F91 and P91 sides. Base metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) on the F91 steel side experienced a higher degree of microstructure degradation with lower hardness and a higher fraction of creep cavities. Softened zones with lower hardness values were identified in both HAZs of F91 side and P91 side. However, the most creep damaged zones (CDZ) with the highest number density of cavities are not the identified softened zones. In the CDZ, creep cavities are always associated with coarse precipitates (Laves phase, Z phase) and large inclusions (Al oxides, AlN, MnS). A higher fraction of inclusions, coarser precipitates, and larger grain size in F91 steel put itself and its HAZ more vulnerable to creep damages, especially the infamous Type IV cracking.
Seismic Assessment of Crossover Piping on a Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor With Three-Dimensional Isolation System
Authors: Watakabe Tomoyoshi , Okuda Takahiro , Okajima Satoshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A three-dimensional seismic isolation system is planed for application to the conceptual design of a sodium-cooled fast reactor in Japan. The main steam crossover piping is laid between the nuclear building with the isolation system and the turbine building without the isolation system. A large displacement of the nuclear building with the isolation system is imposed on the crossover piping, which situation is a particular seismic issue because of the isolation system employment. Furthermore, because the SFR operates at elevated temperatures compared with light water reactors, the crossover steam piping design must comply with the design code for elevated temperature components. In this study, seismic evaluation using an example of a crossover piping layout was performed in accordance with the elevated temperature code of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. According to the evaluation results and the up to date technologies such as knowledge obtained from existing dynamic failure tests of piping components, an appropriate seismic evaluation method for the crossover piping was studied to realize the sodium-cooled fast reactor with a three-dimensional isolation system.
In Service Repair Challenges With Pyrolysis and Steam Methane Reformers High Temperature Metallurgy
Authors: Zhu Sophia , Dalal Mitul , Penso Jorge 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The high temperature section of pyrolysis furnaces and steam methane reformers are exposed to conditions ranging from ambient temperature during shutdowns to temperatures near 1093°C (2000°F) when in service in the case of pyrolysis tubes. These conditions lead to variety of metallurgical transformation affecting material properties at different temperatures. The involved materials are exposed to internal and external environments leading to chemical and metallurgical reactions causing additional material property changes. Moreover, pressure boundary components also need to withstand other high temperature damage mechanisms including creep, stress-relaxation cracking, thermal fatigue, and thermal shock.
The paper reviews high temperature metallurgy and degradation mechanisms for both pyrolysis and steam methane reformer services. Several case histories are presented. For pyrolysis service, furnace coil failures due to thermal fatigue/thermal shock, quench nozzle failures and transfer line exchanger tube failures are covered. For steam methane reformer, several failures in furnace coil tubes, reducers, pigtails, and outlet headers are covered.
In order to select the suitable alloys for resistance of thermal shock and thermal fatigue, a research study has been carried out to rank the high temperature alloys’ resistance to thermal shock and thermal fatigue based on the test protocols which represent the extreme temperature conditions. General guidance on material selection, failure prevention and welding repairs are included.
Comparison Between Different Calculation Methods for Determining Bolting-Up Torque Moments
Authors: Mutz Alexander , Schaaf Manfred , Hufnagel Stefan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ASME BPVC, Section III, Appendix XI [1] regulates the flange calculation for class 2 and 3 components in Suisse nuclear power plants, and it is also used for class 1 flanges.
The most common European Standard for the design of bolted flanged joints is EN 1591-1 [2], the required gasket characteristics for this calculation procedure are defined in EN 13555 [3]. These characteristics can be determined experimentally and they are not only used in EN 1591-1 but also in more realistic finite-element calculations.
Finite element calculations are carried out for a certain number of combinations of flange and gasket materials as well as bolt types in order to prove compliance with the integrity and tightness of the connections in the assembly and subsequent operational states, taking into account the tightening torques. A total of almost 400 different combinations of flange, bolt and gasket geometries and materials were examined. The focus is laid on flange types fabricated according to European standards which are generally thinner — looking at the wall thickness or flange ring in the same pressure range — than in the ASME world.
In this paper the bolting-up torque moments determined with the European standard EN 1591-1 for the flange connections, are assessed with twice elastic slope method, limit load and elastic-plastic stress analysis according to ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Div. 2. [4] Proof of acceptability of the nonlinear finite element-calculations are conducted according to ASME standard procedures like ASME SECTION III, Appendices EE and FF for the level D.
Regulatory Testing and 3D Scanning Methodology of the DPP-1 Type Shipping Container for NCT and HAC Tests
Authors: Martinez Oscar , Adeniyi Abiodun , Nogradi Paul , Van Hoy Blake 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The safe transportation of radioactive material using appropriately designed and certified transportation packages is important for protecting the public and environment. In the United States, the US Department of Transportation (DOT) regulates all transportation of radioactive material with input from the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. All packages that contain radioactive materials must be transported and regulated by the requirements set by the DOT Class 7 transportation of hazardous material. Federal regulations place strict administrative controls on the transport of radioactive materials. The two main goals for transporting radioactive materials are that (1) safety is primarily focused on the package because it is the first line of defense and (2) package integrity is directly related to the degree of the hazard of the radioactive material contents. The two-part goal ensures that the correct package is used. Type B packages are designed to transport radioactive materials with the highest level of radioactivity. Examples of material transported in Type B packaging include spent nuclear fuel, high-level radioactive waste, and high concentrations of other radioactive materials. The purpose of this test protocol was to determine the effects of structural and thermal testing on package performance in a Type B shipping package, Defense Program Package-1 (DPP-1).
Industry strategies to market opioids to children and women in the USA: a content analysis of internal industry documents from 1999 to 2017 released in State of Oklahoma v. Purdue Pharma, L.P.et al
Authors: Yakubi Hanna , Gac Brian , Apollonio Dorie E 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveIdentify advertising strategies used to market opioids to women and children.DesignQualitative content analysis of internal pharmaceutical industry documents released in litigation, dated between 1999 and 2017.SettingUSA.ParticipantsOpioid manufacturers (Janssen, Ortho-McNeil, Purdue, Teva (Actavis), Janus, Cephalon); women; children.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdvertising campaigns, industry executive statements regarding marketing goalsMethodsWe examined ((DATASET) link:https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/drug/) documents released in State of Oklahoma v. Johnson & Johnson (2019) to identify marketing strategies and campaigns developed by opioid manufacturers that focused on children and women, as well as public records, including websites developed by manufacturers and their allies, to confirm whether marketing campaigns proposed in internal industry documents were implemented. Documents identified as relevant were coded for themes based on expectations drawn from previous research on marketing using internal industry documents, which included making emotional appeals and understating the risks of addiction.ResultsWe found that opioid manufacturers sought to recruit coaches and school nurses to encourage opioid use by children, developed unbranded initiatives suggesting adolescents ask providers for pain care medications, suggested that opioid use could reduce health risks associated with untreated pain among women and advocated to policy makers that women faced unmet needs for pain medication.ConclusionsThe USA strictly regulates direct marketing of medications but does not place the same restrictions on indirect marketing and unbranded campaigns, which encourage people to seek treatment without indicating the names of specific products. Opioid manufacturers in the early 21st century appear to have relied largely on unbranded campaigns for marketing, which they described externally as public health promotion and internally as a way to increase sales of opioids. The rapid increase in opioid use concomitant with these campaigns suggests that additional scrutiny of this kind of marketing may be needed in order to protect vulnerable groups.
COVID-19 pandemic interim Foundation Year 1 post and confidence in core skills and competencies: a longitudinal survey
Authors: Gatti Cristina Angela , Parker-Conway Kathryn , Okorie Michael 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe interim Foundation Year 1 (FiY1) post was created in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to help bolster the workforce and manage increased clinical pressures. This study aimed to assess the impact of the FiY1 post on medical graduates’ self-reported confidence in common tasks, core skills, competencies and procedures prior to starting FY1, as a measure of increasing preparedness for practice.SettingA longitudinal survey was performed at a tertiary teaching hospital in the South East of England. FiY1 posts ran from June to July 2020.ParticipantsQuestionnaires were sent to 122 medical graduates from a single medical school (recipients included FiY1s and non-FiY1s) and to 69 FiY1s at a single Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, irrespective of medical school attended. Initial and follow-up questionnaires had 86 and 62 respondents, respectively. Of these, 39 graduates were matched; 26 were FiY1s and 13 non-FiY1s. The 39 matched results were analysed.Primary outcome measuresConfidence levels in common FY1 tasks, core procedures and competencies were gathered before and after the FiY1 post through online questionnaires. Change in confidence comparing FiY1s and non-FiY1s was measured and analysed using linear regression.ResultsOn a 5-point scale, the FiY1 post increased overall confidence in starting FY1 by 0.62 (95% CI 0.072 to 1.167, p=0.028). The FiY1 post increased confidence in performing venepuncture by 0.32 (95% CI 0.011 to 0.920, p=0.045), performing intravenous cannulation by 0.48 (95% CI 0.030 to 1.294, p=0.041) and recognising, assessing and initiating the management of the acutely ill patient by 0.32 (95% CI 0.030 to 1.301, p=0.041).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic FiY1 post improved confidence in core skills and competencies. These findings may help guide future educational interventions in conjunction with further larger scale studies, ultimately aiding to bridge the transition gap between being a medical student and a doctor.
Association between non-HDLC and 1-year prognosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: a prospective cohort study from 13 hospitals in Beijing
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Jianwei , Wang Anxin , Jiang Ruixuan , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Wenjuan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesPrevious studies suggested an inverse association between lipoprotein cholesterols and bleeding risk, while limited data were available about the predictive value of lipoproteins on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Our recent research series showed that higher non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC) was an independent predictor of favourable 3-month outcome in ICH patients, we thus aimed to further investigate the association between non-HDLC levels and 1-year functional outcomes after ICH.DesignProspective multicentre cohort study.Setting13 hospitals in Beijing, China.ParticipantsA total of 666 ICH patients were included between December 2014 and September 2016.MethodsNon-HDLC was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from total cholesterol. Patients were then grouped by non-HDLC levels into three categories: <3.4 mmol/L, 3.4–4.2 mmol/L and ≥4.2 mmol/L. Both the univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between non-HDLC levels and 1-year unfavourable functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale ≥3) in ICH patients. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was performed in ICH patients without statin use after admission.ResultsThere were 33.5% (223/666) ICH patients identified with unfavourable functional outcomes at 1-year follow-up. In the univariate analysis, patients who achieved non-HDLC levels above 4.2 mmol/L had a 49% decreased risk of 1-year poor prognosis (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.81). However, non-HDLC did not retain its independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis, the fully adjusted OR values were 1.00 (reference), 1.06 (0.63, 1.79) and 0.83 (0.45, 1.54) from the lowest to the highest non-HDLC group. Moreover, statin use after ICH onset made no difference to the long-term prognosis.ConclusionsNon-HDLC was not an independent predictor for 1-year functional outcome in ICH patients, irrespective of poststroke statin use. The predictive value of well-recognised confounding factors was more dominant than non-HDLC on long-term prognosis.
Effectiveness of subacromial injections in rotator cuff lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Tossolini Goulart Luana , Matsunaga Fabio Teruo , Belloti João Carlos , Faloppa Flavio , Paim Thays Sellan , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSubacromial injections are therapeutic options for rotator cuff injuries, with consistent results not well established yet for each drug applied. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyse the effectiveness of the substances used in subacromial injections for the treatment of rotator cuff injuries and shoulder impingement syndrome, considering the functional gain and pain improvement of the shoulder.Methods and analysisBeginning in November 2022, we will perform a detailed search using the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and LILACS databases. Relevant grey literature (reference lists, conference abstracts and academic papers) will also be included.Two reviewers will independently screen and extract the information from the literature. Bias and quality of the included studies will be evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tool provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. Statistical analyses will be performed using Review Manager V.5.4 software.Ethics and disseminationApproval and patient informed consent are not required because we will only include published literature. The results of this research will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and likely through other scientific events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020199292.
Life after COVID-19: the road from intensive care back to living – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wiertz Carolina M H , Hemmen Bena , Sep Simone J S , van Santen Susanne , van Horn Yvette Y , van Kuijk Sander M J , Verbunt Jeanine A 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate recovery of participation in post-COVID-19 patients during the first year after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. The secondary aim was to identify the early determinants associated with recovery of participation.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCOVID-19 post-ICU inpatient rehabilitation in the Netherlands, during the first epidemic wave between April and July 2020, with 1-year follow-up.ParticipantsCOVID-19 ICU survivors ≥18 years of age needing inpatient rehabilitation.Main outcome measuresParticipation in society was assessed by the ‘Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation’ (USER-P) restrictions scale. Secondary measures of body function impairments (muscle force, pulmonary function, fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), breathlessness (Medical Research Council (MRC) breathlessness scale), pain (Numerical Rating Scale)), activity limitations (6-minute walking test, Patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) 8b), personal factors (coping (Utrecht Proactive Coping Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress (Global Psychotrauma Screen—Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), cognitive functioning (Checklist for Cognitive Consequences after an ICU-admission)) and social factors were used. Statistical analyses: linear mixed-effects model, with recovery of participation levels as dependent variable. Patient characteristics in domains of body function, activity limitations, personal and social factors were added as independent variables.ResultsThis study included 67 COVID-19 ICU survivors (mean age 62 years, 78% male). Mean USER-P restrictions scores increased over time; mean participation levels increasing from 62.0, 76.5 to 86.1 at 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. After 1 year, 50% had not fully resumed work and restrictions were reported in physical exercise (51%), household duties (46%) and leisure activities (29%). Self-reported complaints of breathlessness and fatigue, more perceived limitations in daily life, as well as personal factors (less proactive coping style and anxiety/depression complaints) were associated with delayed recovery of participation (all p value <0.05).ConclusionsThis study supports the view that an integral vision of health is important when looking at the long-term consequence of post-ICU COVID-19. Personal factors such as having a less proactive coping style or mental impairments early on contribute to delayed recovery.
Validating ICD-10 codes for adverse drug events in hospitalised older adults: protocol for a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nohner Mitchell , De Lima Bryanna , Drago Katie 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAdverse drug events (ADEs) among hospitalised older adults are common yet often preventable. Efforts to recognise ADEs using pharmacist review and electronic health record adaptations have had mixed results. Our health system developed and implemented a geriatric prescribing context designed to offer age-friendly dose and frequency defaults for hospitalised patients 75 years and older. The impact of this context on ADEs remains unknown. To measure its impact, our team created a list of ADE-related International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes specific to 10 commonly used medications at our institution. This protocol paper presents the process of designing a screening tool for ADEs, validating the tool with manual chart reviews and measuring the impact of the context on ADEs.Methods and analysisThis retrospective cross-sectional study will assess our list of ICD-10 codes against manual chart review to determine its accuracy. An electronic health record report for patients aged 75 years and older admitted to the hospital for a minimum of two nights was generated to identify 100 test positives and 100 test negatives. Test positives need at least one code from each level of our ICD-10 code list. The first level of codes identifies any possible ADEs while the second level is more symptom based. Test negatives must not have any code from the list. Two physicians blinded to test status will complete a structured chart review to determine if a patient had an ADE during their hospitalisation. Acceptable inter-rater reliability will need to be met before proceeding with independent chart review. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value will be calculated once all the chart reviews are completed.Ethics and disseminationThe Oregon Health & Science University Institutional Review Board approved this study (#21385). The results of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.