bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foundations of physical vapor deposition with plasma assistance
Authors: Gudmundsson Jon Tomas , Anders André , von Keudell Achim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) refers to the removal of atoms from a solid or a liquid by physical means, followed by deposition of those atoms on a nearby surface to form a thin film or coating. Various approaches and techniques are applied to release the atoms including thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, ion-driven sputtering, laser ablation, and cathodic arc-based emission. Some of the approaches are based on a plasma discharge, while in other cases the atoms composing the vapor are ionized either due to the release of the film-forming species or they are ionized intentionally afterward. Here, a brief overview of the various PVD techniques is given, while the emphasis is on sputtering, which is dominated by magnetron sputtering, the most widely used technique for deposition of both metallic and compound thin films. The advantages and drawbacks of the various techniques are discussed and compared.
Magnetic separation of nickel-plating waste liquid using a high temperature superconducting bulk magnet
Authors: Oka T , Sudo K , Dadiel J L , Sakai N , Seki H , Miryala M , Murakami M , Nakano T , Ooizumi M , Yokoyama K , Tsujimura M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ni is one of the important metal resources. Because Ni-containing waste liquid is drained after several plating turns in the factories, an effective recycling technique should be developed. A unique magnetic separation technique using high temperature superconducting bulk magnet has succeeded in collecting Ni-sulfate crystals, which were fabricated from the Ni-plating waste liquid. Pulsed-field magnetizing method was employed to activate the bulk magnet up to 2.80 T, which produced a field space of 1.40 T on the surface of the waste channel. Green coarse crystals were attracted from the flowing stream of Ni-saturated liquid containing weakly-magnetic particles of Ni-compounds. The magnetically-collected particles were identified as paramagnetic NiSO4/6H2O crystals, and slight differences in Ni concentration and grain size were observed between the particles attracted and not-attracted to the 1.8 T magnetic pole. In both cases, the large grains were found to consist of a single phase. The compound can be used as a raw material in the Ni-recycle process. This preferential extraction suggests a novel recycling method of Ni resource.
Quantum computational quantitative trading: high-frequency statistical arbitrage algorithm
Authors: Zhuang Xi-Ning , Chen Zhao-Yun , Wu Yu-Chun , Guo Guo-Ping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Quantitative trading is an integral part of financial markets with high calculation speed requirements, while no quantum algorithms have been introduced into this field yet. We propose quantum algorithms for high-frequency statistical arbitrage trading by utilizing variable time condition number estimation and quantum linear regression. The algorithm complexity has been reduced from the classical benchmark O(N
2
d) to

O

(

d
N

κ

0

2

log

(

1
/
ϵ

)

2

)

, where N is the length of trading data, and d is the number of stocks, κ
0 is the condition number and ϵ is the desired precision. Moreover, two tool algorithms for condition number estimation and cointegration test are developed.
Two-dimensional atom localization and formation of waveguide channels using Bragg diffraction law
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Akbar Jehan , Khan Rashid , Amin Bacha Bakht 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Atoms of four-level atomic medium are doped in a crystal slab of silica which is immersed in a four-level atomic medium. We incorporated Bragg law in the Rabi frequencies of the driving fields and obtained absorption spectrum which exhibits atom localization inside the crystal plane and generation of waveguide channels. Varying the Bragg angle θ, leads to a number of localized peaks and craters. The number of peaks decreases as we increase the Bragg angle θ from π/8 to π/2 and the peaks disappear beyond this angle. The localization probability is independent of the Bragg angle, while the spatial resolution varies with change in Bragg angle. However, the probe detuning and amplitudes of Rabi frequencies change the localization probability. Inside the optical lattice of the silica crystal, waveguide channels and particle traps are generated which may be utilized to guide electromagnetic radiations and trap quantum particles. This work is useful for coherent control information of crystal planes, optical trapping, waveguide channels of nano crystals and data storage.
Dark matter self-interactions in the matter power spectrum
Authors: Garani Raghuveer , Redi Michele , Tesi Andrea 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the imprints of secluded dark sectors with a mass gap and self-interactions on
the matter power spectrum. When Dark Matter (DM) is sufficiently light, in the ballpark of a few
KeV, and self-interacting we find qualitative difference with respect to ΛCDM and also to
free streaming DM. In order to emphasize the role of interactions for the evolution of the
primordial perturbations we discuss various regimes: ranging from the ideal case of a tightly
coupled perfect fluid to the free case of Warm Dark Matter, including the realistic case of small
but non-vanishing self-interactions. We compute the matter power spectrum in all these regimes
with the aid of Boltzmann solvers. Light dark sectors with self-interactions are efficiently
constrained by Lyman-α data and we find that the presence of self-interactions relaxes the
bound on the DM mass. As a concrete realization we study models with dark QCD-like sectors, where
DM is made of light dark-pions.
Numerical prescriptions of early-time divergences of the in-in formalism
Authors: Tran Duc Huy , Wang Yi , Yang Juanyi , Zhu Yuhang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In quantum field theory, the in and out states can be related to the full Hamiltonian by the iϵ prescription. A Wick rotation can further bring the correlation functions to Euclidean spacetime where the integrals are better defined. This setup is convenient for analytical calculations. However, for numerical calculations, an infinitesimal ϵ or a Wick rotation of numerical functions are difficult to implement. We propose two new numerical methods to solve this problem, namely an Integral Basis method based on linear regression and a Beta Regulator method based on Cesàro/Riesz summation. Another class of partition-extrapolation methods previously used in electromagnetic engineering is also introduced. We benchmark these methods with existing methods using in-in formalism integrals, indicating advantages of these new methods over the existing methods in computation time and accuracy.
Classify the Higgs decays with the PFN and ParticleNet at electron–positron colliders*
Authors: Li Gang , Liao Libo , Lou Xinchou , Shen Peixun , Song Weimin , Wang Shudong , Zhang Zhaoling 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Various Higgs factories are proposed to study the Higgs boson precisely and systematically in a model- independent way. In this study, the Particle Flow Network and ParticleNet techniques are used to classify the Higgs decays into multicategories, and the ultimate goal is to realize an "end-to-end" analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to demonstrate the feasibility, and the performance looks rather promising. This result could be the basis of a "one-stop" analysis to measure all the branching fractions of the Higgs decays simultaneously.
Mapping H i in the NGC 4636 Galaxy Group with FAST
Authors: Zuo Pei , Yang Dong , Wang Jing , Staveley-Smith Lister , Lin Xuchen , For Bi-Qing , Westmeier Tobias , Wang Jie , Spekkens Kristine , Kilborn Virginia , Ivy Wong O. , Li Di , Lee-Waddell Karen , Catinella Barbara , Ho Luis C. , Koribalski Bärbel , Lee Bumhyun , Zhu Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents data from a 21 cm H i emission drift scan observation of a field partially covering the NGC 4636 galaxy group with the Five-hundred meter Aperture Radio Telescope (FAST). We construct a pipeline to reduce the data, and use SoFiA for source finding. When not contaminated by Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), the FAST observations are capable of detecting all of the galaxies previously detected by the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey in the same region. Comparing to ALFALFA for the detections in common, the FAST data show consistent integrated spectra when the H i disks are spatially unresolved, and capture more flux when the H i disks are resolved. The FAST data further reveal 10 new detections in the region mutually covered with ALFALFA, and 18 new detections beyond the footprint of ALFALFA. All of the new detections have the matching optical counterparts. For the member galaxies of the NGC 4636 group, the detection limit of FAST is deeper by 0.4 dex in H i mass than that of the ALFALFA data. After correcting for the incompleteness caused by RFI contamination, we show that the H i detection rate of galaxies rises steeply with radius out to the virial radius of the group, and flattens beyond that. We also examine four spatially resolved galaxy systems with potential tidal interaction features in detail. Considering that the data have been taken during the “shared-risk” period before a major source of local RFI was eliminated, the results highlight the power of FAST in detecting extragalactic H i.
Chinese Sunspot Drawings and Their Digitization—(VII) Sunspot Penumbra to Umbra Area Ratio Using the Hand-Drawing Records from Yunnan Observatories
Authors: Hou Jia-Wei , Zeng Shu-Guang , Zheng Sheng , Luo Xiao-Yu , Deng Lin-Hua , Li Yang-Yang , Chen Yan-Qing , Lin Gang-Hua , Feng Yong-Li , Tao Jin-Ping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ratio of penumbral to umbra area of sunspots plays a crucial role in the solar physics fields, especially for understanding the origin and evolution of the solar activity cycle. By analyzing the recently digitized sunspot drawings observed from Yunnan Observatories (1957–2021), we investigate the long-term variation of the penumbral to umbra area ratio of sunspots. An automatic extraction method, based on the maximum between-class variance and the morphological discrimination, is used to accurately extract penumbra and umbra and to calculate the ratio over six solar cycles (cycle 19–24). The expected value of the ratio of penumbra to umbra area is found to be 6.63 ± 0.98, and it does not exhibit any systematic variation with sunspot latitudes and phases. The average ratio fluctuates from 5 to 7.5 per year and the overall trend has decreased after 1999 compared to the previous one. The ratio of sunspot penumbra to umbra area satisfies the log-normal distribution, implying that its variation is related to the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field. Our results are consistent with previous works.
On anomalous microwave scattering in the edge transport barrier in O-mode ECRH and CTS experiments
Authors: Gusakov E.Z. , Popov A.Y. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We investigate the induced scattering parametric decay instability of ordinary microwaves leading to excitation of lower hybrid or electron plasma waves localized within a tokamak edge transport barrier. Numerical estimates of the instability threshold and growth rate for this scenario are given for the conditions of O1-mode ECRH at ITER and O2-mode ECRH and CTS experiments at ASDEX Upgrade, where investigation of these phenomena is shown to be possible.
Preface The Board of Editors:
Authors: Sabiham Supiandi , Page Susan , Melling Lulie , Behling Hermann , Funakawa Shinya , Kidd Darren , Suwardi  , Anshari Gusti Z. , Surono  
Published: July 2022

The increase of world population needs more food, feed, fuel, and fiber. Meanwhile, agricultural land supply is somewhat stationary or even decreasing. Ensuring food provision requires both intensification and expansion strategies. Considering internal circumstances, options may vary across countries. Indonesia, for instance, by population growth rate at 1.3 % year−1 and increasing middle income families, the need of diversity and improved quality of food become prevalent. Nevertheless, irrigated agricultural production decreased considerably, being converted to non-agricultural uses. The deterioration of agricultural land resources has occurred due to mismanagement while climate change has worsened the conditions globally.
Narrowing yield gap in the existing agricultural land has been the primary efforts worldwide. Various farming systems have been established to minimize agro-inputs while generating high yields. The efforts differ across agro-ecosystems and being specific for each country. In Indonesia, the agro-ecosystems are divided into irrigated and rainfed agricultural lands, uplands (dry- and wet-climate agricultural lands), and wetlands (tidal and non-tidal agricultural lands, including peatlands). Each ecosystem requires specific land management which combines strategies and components previously studied.
List of Conference Committee, Steering Committee, Delegate list are available in this pdf.
Land clearing area prioritization using GLAD alert data to prevent peat fires in South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Ayunda D , Hutajulu D A , Cahyana D , Ma’ruf I , Habibi  , Faisal M , Wiranatha M P , Siswoyo H , Syahroni  , Riani R N , Ulfa D , Triana N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peatland clearing and draining are associated with many peat fires in South Sumatera. In 2020 we developed prioritization of peat land clearing areas using GLAD alert data to prevent catastrophic peat fires. GLAD alert data is near real-time alerting system that detects loss of trees, produced by University of Maryland and Global Forest Watch. This research aims to get prioritized area indicating land clearing and to test its reliability to prevent peat fires in South Sumatra. A total of 634 cluster areas indicating peatland clearing were found in between July and September 2020, which 20 of those cluster areas are selected for validation (ground truth). Validation was conducted by field survey and flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in 3 districts, namely Musi Rawas Utara, Banyuasin, and Ogan Komering Ilir. The survey confirmed that 19 clusters experienced forest fires, land clearing, and rejuvenation of plantation. Meanwhile, the others became savanna from previous forest fires and former land clearing by burning. Prioritization areas using GLAD alert data was capable to detect land clearing, but further study is needed to predict peat fires due to peatland clearing.
Measuring peat motion and water table dynamics on tropical peatlands using high-resolution time-lapse camera in four different land cover types across South Sumatra and Central Kalimantan
Authors: Sulaeman Dede , Hafiyyan Ihsan , Hamzah Hidayah , Evans Chris D , Jonay Jovani-Sancho A , Jaya Adi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peat soils are known to be the most capable soil type to store a huge amount of carbon. However, peatland ecosystems are often disturbed by anthropogenic activities such as excessive water drainage, leading to rapid peat subsidence and carbon loss. Due to its dynamic properties, peatland ecosystem needs to be monitored over time to prevent unwanted socio-economic and environmental impacts. Nonetheless, field measurement of peat motion and subsidence often requires complex and expensive tools. This research aims to measure peat motion and water table dynamics in four sites across South Sumatra and Central Kalimantan Provinces. Peat motion and water table data were observed using a time-lapse camera for approximately a year period. Results of this study showed a good relationship of peat surface motion and water table dynamics with R2 values ranging from 0.74 and 0.95. In Central Kalimantan, peat surface motion indicates a downward motion with the amplitude of 1.66 cm and 0.56 cm, and net subsidence of 1.35 cm and 0.47 cm, over shrub and coconut plantation sites, respectively. In South Sumatra, peat surface showed a high degree of fluctuation, with amplitudes of 4.89 and 4.80 cm, and net subsidence of 1.70 and 0.62, observed on oil palm and forest sites, respectively.
Degree of peatland maturity over different types of land use in Kinali, West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Yulnafatmawita  , Syahputri Septia D , Hermansah  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Different types of land management determine groundwater level of peatlands, which affects the degree of its maturity. A research conducted in Kinali, West Sumatra Indonesia was aimed to identify the degree of peat maturity over five land use types (oil palm plantation, mixed garden, bush land, seasonal crop land, and open land). Soil characteristics, i.e. BD, OM, fiber, ash content, soil color, and degree of maturity, were analyzed. This research showed that BD was 0.31-0.64 g/cm3, SOM content was 26.77-65.84%, fiber content was 3.33-40.67%, ash content was 17.21-70.73%, and the peat was classified into saprist with the color was 7.5 YR 2/2-10YR 3/2 (Brownish Black). It was concluded that the peatland was quite mature (saprist). Mixed garden hosted the highest degree of peat maturity as indicated by the lowest value of SOM content (26.77%), the highest BD (0.64 g/cm3) and ash content (70.73%), the lowest fiber content (3.33%), and the deepest water table (65-67 cm) among other types of peatland.
Performance of primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) as a photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)
Authors: Hower Haisen , Tamrin  , Pratama Filli , Hersyamsi  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Natural dyes have been extracted from leaves (green) and flowers (yellow) of primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) and were used as a photosensitizer of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The result of this research showed that absorption peaks of leaf extract were located at 420nm and 665nm. Open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power conversion efficiency of natural green materials were obtained at 580mV, 0.0067mA, and 0.52%, respectively. Bandgap, absorbance coefficient and field factor values were around 2.96eV and 1.87eV, 2.58k.m-1 and 1.63k.m-1 and 0.2196, respectively. However, absorption peak of flower extract was located at 450nm. Open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power conversion efficiency of flowers were obtained at 466mV, 0.0089mA, and 0.488%, respectively. Bandgap, absorbance coefficient, and field factor values were discovered at 2.76eV, 2.41 k.m-1, 0.1722 respectively. To sum up, primrose willow has a potential as a source of DSSC photosensitizer. Its rapid growth will become a prospective source of natural dye.
Impact of drainage canal conditions on the characteristics and physical properties of peat soil at PT Batanghari Sawit Lestari oil palm plantation, Ramin Village, Kumpeh Ulu
Authors: Agung  , Saad Asmadi , Junedi Heri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeat soil is naturally formed from remains of plant tissue, with varying decomposition stages of organic matter. Impact of construction and condition of drainage canal on peat soil can alter peat soil characteristics. This study aimed to determine differences in soil characteristics in oil palm plantations due to modifying drainage conditions. Transect with a 300 m distance between points was implemented obtain 14 observation points to understand peat soil characteristics, water level. The results showed that in well-maintained drainage, sapric decomposition stage was >0.2 g/cm3, with C-organic of <48.20%, and specific gravity was 1.50. Water content and total pore space would be smaller if peat decomposition stage is more developed, with water content of <276.78% and total pore space of <81.13%. When drainage canal is not maintained, decomposition stage of surface layer (0-60 cm) is hemic and fibric, with volume weight is < 0.2 g/cm3, and C-organic > 48.20%, and has a specific gravity of 1.40 and 1.30. For water content and total pore space of peat soil, raw decomposition rate indicated water content > 304.81% and total pore space of > 81%. The use of peatlands for plantations needs to maintain peat conservation methods to avoid damages to physical properties of peat soils and peat ecosystems as a whole.
Soil rewetting to mitigate CO2 emissions of shallot cultivation in tropical peatland
Authors: Maftuah E , Lestari Y , Sulaeman Y , Sosiawan H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
CO2 emissions are agriculture-related problems in peatlands, requiring mitigation. Irrigation and mulching are needed to reduce CO2 emissions in peatlands. This research aimed to study the effect of irrigation system and type of mulch for soil properties and CO2 emissions at shallot cultivation in peatlands. This research was carried out on degraded peatland in the Kalampangan village, Sebangau District, Palangkaraya, from April to December 2017. A split-plot design repeated at 4 times was employed. The main plot was type of rewetting, including manual watering (P) and sprinkler methods (S), the subplot was type of mulches, comprising TM = without mulch, G = weed in situ (Stenochlaena palustris) mulch, J = straw mulch (Oryza sativa). Observed variables included soil pH, Eh, EC, organic C, water contents, and CO2 emissions, performed twice within two months. The results showed that the sprinkler irrigation system and mulch did not affect significantly on pH, Eh and soil moisture content, but significantly influence EC and organic C. The sprinkler irrigation system reduced CO emissions up to 10% (2916 kg/ha/season) compared to conventional 2 methods (3250 kg/ha/season). Compared to no mulch (6175 kg/ha/season), Kalakai mulch (Stenochlaena palutris) reduced CO2 emissions up to 33% (4119 kg/ha/season) and rice straw increased CO2 emissions up to 32% (8207 kg/ha/season).
Analysis of FTIR spectroscopic data to observe hydrophilic and hydrophobic levels of peat in hemic and sapric maturity
Authors: Siregar Mirna Anriani , Santri Jelly Amalia , Aksani Dila , Maas Azwar , Nurudin Makruf 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Naturally, peat soils are hydrophilic, which means they have high water holding capacity. However, due to land conversion, wildfires and land clearing, natural condition of peat soils is disturbed so they become hydrophobic. Under hydrophobic condition, peat loses its water-loving character; this is irreversible because in anaerobic conditions, peat compounds will be degraded, which causes carboxylate and phenolic functional groups not functioning. It is characterized by peat buoyancy of peat when wet. To observe hydrophilic and hydrophobic peat characters when the limit for this change is reached, FTIR spectrum was observed. This study aimed to observe composition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic peat functional groups through FTIR spectrum. Observations were made on peat soils originating from Padang Island and Tebing Tinggi, Riau with hemic and sapric maturity levels. Results showed that FTIR spectrum of hydrophilic hemic and sapric maturity levels had a wider area of hydroxyl group and carboxylate ions than hydrophobic peats. Width of the area was due to high humidity. The level of peat maturity does not affect the change in peat functional groups.