bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVIII-1 Evaluating the Efficacy of Acidifiers Used in Nursery Diets in Reducing Bacterial Loads in Both Non-Inoculated and Inoculated Complete Feed
Authors: Harrison Olivia , Dahmer Payton L , Woodworth Jason C , Paulk Chad B , Gebhardt Jordan T , Trinetta Valentina , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Acidifiers are used in nursery pig diets to reduce the incidence of diarrhea, improve growth performance, and act as a feed preservative. The objective was to evaluate whether acidifiers were able to reduce bacteria presence in non-inoculated feed and reduce bacteria growth in feed inoculated with Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium. Each culture media was arranged in a 2×5 factorial with 2 phases and 5 diets. The diets were 1) control – no antibiotics, 2) ZnO (Phase 1: 3,000 ppm Zn and Phase 2: 2,000 ppm Zn), 3) formic acid at 0.7% of the diet (Amasil-NA; BASF Corp. Florham, NJ), 4) glycerol monolaurate – GML at 0.18% of the diet (Natural Biologics, Newfield, NY), and 5) FORMI-3G at 1.0% of the diet (Addcon Gmbh, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany). Non-inoculated feed was plated onto Aerobic Count, E. coli/Coliform, and Enterobacteriaceae petrifilm (3M, St. Paul, MN). Inoculated feed was initially contaminated with E. coli or E. faecium and allowed to incubate prior to plating on MacConkey. There was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) in quantity of bacteria for the diets inoculated with E. coli. There was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) between the diets inoculated with E. faecium for phase 1; however, the formic acid diet had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) quantities of bacteria compared with control, ZnO, and GML diets. The control and ZnO phase 1 non-inoculated diets had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) quantities of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Enterobacteriaceae compared with GML. In phase 2 only the control had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) quantities of Enterobacteriaceae compared with the ZnO and formic acid diets. Formic acid was able to reduce E. faecium quantities in phase 2, while the control and ZnO had decreased overall bacterial loads in phase 1.
PSVIII-3 Evaluation of the Metal Corrosiveness and Pelleting Stability of Formic Acid-Based Organic Acid Blend and the Effects of the Blend on Post-Weaning Growth Performance
Authors: Chen Ying , Sevarolli Ana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Studies were conducted to evaluate the metal corrosiveness and pelleting stability of a formic acid-based organic acid blend, which is a free-flowing powder with silica as inert carrier. Under experimental conditions, results suggested the blend has minimal metal corrosiveness and is stable during the pelleting process (conditioning temperature = 1950 F). An animal trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the blend on post-weaning growth performance. A total of 1,320 post-weaning piglets (~21 d of age, 6.9 kg BW) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments (22 pigs/pen, n = 12) and fed for 42 d in 4 dietary phases (12, 10, 13 and 7 d, respectively). Treatments were 1) NC, basal diet without antibiotics or acidifier; 2) PC, basal diet with antibiotics but without an acidifier; 3) PC+A, product A is a blend of organic and inorganic acids; 4) PC+B, product B is a blend of organic acids and derivatives; 5) PC+C, product C is the formic acid-based organic acid blend. For treatments 3, 4, and 5, products A, B and C were added to the PC diet respectively at 0.3% in Phase 1, 0.15% in Phase 2 and 0% in Phase 3 and 4. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and differences considered significant at P &lt; 0.05. During Phase 1, 2 and 3, PC+C treatment showed the greatest BW, ADG and ADFI, which were greater compared with NC (P &lt; 0.05) and numerically greater comparing with PC, PC+A and PC+B treatments. In Phase 1, PC+C treatment showed less FCR than the other groups. There were no significant differences for ADG, ADFI and FCR among all treatments during Phase 4. Overall, PC+C treatment showed greater final BW, ADG and ADFI, which were significantly greater than NC (P &lt; 0.05) and numerically higher than PC, PC+A and PC+B groups.
PSIII-9 Effects of Dietary Carnitine Supplementation on Semen Output and Quality in Boars
Authors: Balogun Kayode B , Lu Ning , Orlando Uislei A , Torborg Henrike , Kleve-Feld Michael , Denton Alicia , Holstine Alton , Stewart Kara R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Carnitine is an amino acid derivative with functions in increasing energy production as well as acting as an antioxidant for sperm cells. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the inclusion of carnitine in boar diets on sperm output and quality. Sixty-four boars at a commercial boar stud were blocked by age and semen quality and randomly allotted to receive a daily 30 g top-dress of either corn (CON) or corn and 625 mg of carnitine (CARN). Supplementation lasted for 12 weeks from May-July, 2021 during which weekly semen collection was performed. Semen was evaluated at the stud for concentration and motility parameters using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). Samples were also shipped to Purdue University for detailed morphology, viability, and CASA performed in samples stored at 17C for 5 d. PROC Mixed (SAS v 9.4) was used to evaluate the data where boar nested within treatment was used in repeated measures with the main effects of treatment and week and semen quality estimates from the week prior to supplementation as covariates in the model. Carnitine supplementation had no effects on total sperm produced (P = 0.35). Percentage of motile sperm cells (P = 0.38), morphologically normal sperm (P=0.42), viable sperm (P = 0.43), or sperm with normal acrosomes (P = 0.61) in the ejaculates was not different among treatments. Sperm kinematics in CARN ejaculates tended to have greater straight-line velocity and distance (P = 0.06 and P = 0.07, respectively). There were several interactions of treatment and day of storage for the kinematic parameters, however, these interactions do not show an observable trend for CARN to improve or depress sperm function. Overall, the inclusion of 625 mg/d of carnitine to the diet for 12 weeks had no effects on sperm output or quality with minor changes to sperm cell kinematics.
PSVII-13 Amplicon-Based Sequencing of Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Variants in Beef Cattle
Authors: See Arena E , Tom Wesley A , Hales Kristin E , Wells James E , Fernando Samodha C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While antimicrobial therapies have conferred immense benefits in both animal and human health, agricultural use of antibiotics has largely contributed to antimicrobial resistance, affecting both agricultural and nonagricultural use. It is estimated that approximately 40% of all antibiotics produced are used in livestock as feed additives. Current explorations of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) genes and their abundance have utilized real-time or conventional PCR-based analyses of AMR genes. However, such approaches fail to identify variants within AMR genes and whether certain variants are transmitted faster or are fixed in a given environment. As such, to identify AMR gene diversity within most abundant AMR genes, we have developed and utilized an amplicon-based sequencing strategy to evaluate AMR genes and their hosts. Such AMR gene variants can be correlated with 16S rDNA-based community profiling to understand what bacterial species may be associated with different AMR gene variants, as well as to identify functional variants of the AMR genes that show resistance. This sequence-based AMR gene analysis approach provides information into the diversity and ecology of AMR genes.
PSV-15 Prediction of Nursery and Finishing Performance Based on Starting Nursery Weights
Authors: Wileman Caitlyn M , Carter Scott D , Harshman Jared A , Scaff Taw , Aparachita Pornpim , Sawyer Afton 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A total of 5 experiments were used to determine the relationship between nursery start weight and nursery/finishing performance traits. In each experiment, 48 pens containing 11 pigs/pen (0.65 m2/pig) were utilized. Age entering the nursery was 18-21 d and average BW was 5.9 kg. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to pens upon arrival and fed diets meeting or exceeding NRC (2012) recommendations. The nursery phase lasted between 42-45 d and pigs were marketed at a target weight of 136 kg. Pigs remained in the same pens from weaning to market. Data were analyzed using PROC REG/PROC CORR procedure in SAS. Pen served as experimental unit with a total of 240 observations. Nursery BW upon entry had positive (P &lt; 0.01) correlations (r) with nursery end BW (0.57), ADG (0.23), and ADFI (0.30). There was a linear relationship between nursery starting BW and ending nursery BW [Ending BW = 1.09(nursery start BW, kg) + 9.0, R2 = 0.32, P &lt; 0.001]. Starting nursery BW also was positively (P &lt; 0.01) correlated with finishing end BW (0.58), ADG (0.21), ADFI (0.30), and negatively correlated with G:F (-0.25). A linear relationship was noted between starting nursery BW and market BW [Market BW = 3.93(nursery start BW, kg) + 85.6, R2 = 0.34, P &lt; 0.001]. Linear relationships (P &lt; 0.01) also were noted for nursery starting BW on finishing ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Finishing starting BW was positively correlated (P &lt; 0.01) with market BW (0.52), ADG (0.32), and ADFI (0.37) and negatively correlated with G:F (-0.23). Starting finishing BW had a linear relationship with market BW [Market BW = 0.83(finishing start BW, kg) + 94.5, R2 = 0.27, P &lt; 0.001]. Nursery starting BW has positive effects on growth performance in nursery and finishing phases as well as market weight.
PSI-7 Evaluating the Relationship of Puberty Status at 10 Months of Age with Heifer Characteristics
Authors: Meyer Grace E , Ewing Kylie P , Neira Lucas T , McCann Joshua C , Shike Daniel W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the relationship of heifer puberty status at 10 months of age with body weight (BW), hair shedding score (HSS), and dam age. Puberty status was assessed at 10 months of age on 177 fall-born, Simmental × Angus heifers (birth date 9/26/2020 ± 18.7 d) using fabric heat patches (Estrotect; Hermitage, Tennessee) for 22 d. Patches were scored as 0, 50, or 100% activated with heifers scored 50 or 100% considered pubertal. Heifers with missing patches (n = 10) were excluded from the analysis. Heifers grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures from 6 to 12 months of age. Heifers were assigned HSS at 10, 11, and 12 months of age. A HSS of 1 indicates a slick summer coat and a 5 is a full winter coat. The MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 was used to analyze data. Heifers classified as pubertal at 10 months of age had greater (P = 0.01) birth BW than prepubertal heifers (33.1 kg vs. 30.8 kg, respectively). Heifers that were pubertal at 10 months of age also had greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW at 6, 8, 10, and 12 months of age than prepubertal heifers. Additionally, pubertal heifers had greater (P = 0.01) ADG from 6 to 12 months of age while grazing. Pubertal heifers tended (P = 0.10) to have a lesser, more desirable HSS at 10 months of age and had a lesser (P &lt; 0.01) HSS at 11 and 12 months of age compared with prepubertal heifers. Dam age was not different (P = 0.60) between heifer puberty status at 10 months of age. In conclusion, pubertal heifers were heavier at birth, heavier from 6 to 12 months, and had more desirable HSS compared with prepubertal heifers at 10 months of age.
ASAS-NANP Symposium: Mathematical Modeling in Animal Nutrition: The progression of data analytics and artificial intelligence in support of sustainable development in animal science
Authors: Tedeschi Luis O 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A renewed interest in data analytics and decision support systems in developing automated computer systems is facilitating the emergence of hybrid intelligent systems by combining artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms with classical modeling paradigms such as mechanistic modeling (HIMM) and agent-based models (iABM). Data analytics have evolved remarkably, and the scientific community may not yet fully grasp the power and limitations of some tools. Existing statistical assumptions might need to be re-assessed to provide a more thorough competitive advantage in animal production systems towards sustainability. This paper discussed the evolution of data analytics from a competitive advantage perspective within academia and illustrated the combination of different advanced technological systems in developing HIMM. The progress of analytical tools was divided into three stages: collect and respond, predict and prescribe, and smart learning and policy making, depending on the level of their sophistication (simple to complicated analysis). The collect and respond stage is responsible for ensuring the data is correct and free of influential data points, and it represents the data and information phases for which data are cataloged and organized. The predict and prescribe stage results in gained knowledge from the data and comprises most predictive modeling paradigms, and optimization and risk assessment tools are used to prescribe future decision-making opportunities. The third stage aims to apply the information obtained in the previous stages to foment knowledge and use it for rational decisions. This stage represents the pinnacle of acquired knowledge that leads to wisdom, and AI technology is intrinsic. Although still incipient, HIMM and iABM form the forthcoming stage of competitive advantage. HIMM may not increase our ability to understand the underlying mechanisms controlling the outcomes of a system, but it may increase the predictive ability of existing models by helping the analyst explain more of the data variation. The scientific community still has some issues to be resolved, including the lack of transparency and reporting of AI that might limit code reproducibility. It might be prudent for the scientific community to avoid the shiny object syndrome (i.e., AI) and look beyond the current knowledge to understand the mechanisms that might improve productivity and efficiency to lead agriculture towards sustainable and responsible achievements.
Phase I/II study of streptozocin monotherapy in Japanese patients with unresectable or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Komoto Izumi , Kokudo Norihiro , Aoki Taku , Morizane Chigusa , Ito Tetsuhide , Hashimoto Takuya , Kimura Wataru , Inoue Naoya , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kondo Shunsuke , Ueno Hideki , Igarashi Hisato , Oono Takamasa , Makuuchi Masatoshi , Takamoto Takeshi , Hirai Ichiro , Takeshita Akiko , Imamura Masayuki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
This phase I/II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of streptozocin (STZ) in Japanese patients with unresectable or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Methods
Twenty-two patients received up to 4 cycles of intravenous STZ at either 500 mg/m2 once daily for 5 consecutive days every 6 weeks (daily regimen) or at 1000–1500 mg/m2 once weekly for 6 weeks (weekly regimen). Tumor response was evaluated using the modified RECIST criteria ver. 1.1, and adverse events were assessed by grade according to the National Cancer Institute CTCAE (ver. 4.0).

Results
Fourteen (63.6%) patients completed the study protocol. No patients had complete response; partial response in 2 (9.1%), stable disease in 17 (77.3%), non-complete response/non-progressive disease in 2 (9.1%) and only 1 (4.5%) had non-evaluable disease. Excluding the latter, the response rate in the daily and weekly regimens was 6.7% (1/15) and 16.7% (1/6), respectively, with an overall response rate of 9.5% (2/21). However, the best overall response in each patient showed that the disease control rate was 100%.
Adverse events occurred in all 22 patients, including 17 grade 3 adverse events in 11 patients; however, no grade 4 or 5 adverse events were reported. Prophylactic hydration and antiemetic treatment reduced the severity and incidence of nephrotoxicity, nausea and vomiting. Plasma STZ concentrations decreased rapidly after termination of infusion, with a half-life of 32–40 min. Neither repeated administration nor dose increases affected pharmacokinetic parameters.

Conclusions
STZ may be a useful option for Japanese patients with unresectable or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
The OmegaWhite survey for short-period variable stars – VII. High amplitude short-period blue variables
Authors: Ramsay Gavin , Woudt Patrick A , Kupfer Thomas , van Roestel Jan , Paterson Kerry , Warner Brian , Buckley David A H , Groot Paul J , Heber Ulrich , Irrgang Andreas , Jeffery C Simon , Motsoaledi Mokhine , Schwartz Martinus J , Wevers Thomas 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBlue Large-Amplitude Pulsators (BLAPs) are a relatively new class of blue variable stars showing periodic variations in their light curves with periods shorter than a few tens of minutes and amplitudes of more than 10 per cent. We report nine blue variable stars identified in the OmegaWhite survey conducted using ESO’s VST, which shows a periodic modulation in the range 7–37 min and an amplitude in the range 0.11–0.28 mag. We have obtained a series of followup photometric and spectroscopic observations made primarily using SALT and telescopes at SAAO. We find four stars which we identify as BLAPs, one of which was previously known. One star, OW  J0820–3301, appears to be a member of the V361 Hya class of pulsating stars and is spatially close to an extended nebula. One further star, OW J1819–2729, has characteristics similar to the sdAV pulsators. In contrast, OW J0815–3421 is a binary star containing an sdB and a white dwarf with an orbital period of 73.7 min, making it only one of six white dwarf-sdB binaries with an orbital period shorter than 80 min. Finally, high cadence photometry of four of the candidate BLAPs show features that we compare with notch-like features seen in the much longer period Cepheid pulsators.
Polarimetric analysis of STEREO observations of sungrazing kreutz comet C/2010 E6 (STEREO)
Authors: Nežič Rok , Bagnulo Stefano , Jones Geraint H , Knight Matthew M , Borisov Galin 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Twin STEREO spacecraft pre-perihelion photometric and polarimetric observations of the sungrazing Kreutz comet C/2010 E6 (STEREO) in March 2010 at heliocentric distances 3−28 R⊙ were investigated using a newly created set of analysis routines. The comet fully disintegrated during its perihelion passage. Prior to that, a broadening and an increase of the intensity peak with decreasing heliocentric distance was accompanied by a drop to zero polarization at high phase angles (∼105°–135°, STEREO-B) and the emergence of negative polarization at low phase angles (∼25°–35°, STEREO-A). Outside the near-comet region, the tail exhibited a steep slope of increasing polarization with increasing cometocentric distance, with the slope becoming less prominent as the comet approached the Sun. The steep slope may be attributed to sublimation of refractory organic matrix and the processing of dust grains, or to presence of amorphous carbon. The change in slope with proximity to the Sun is likely caused by the gradual sublimation of all refractory material. The polarization signatures observed at both sets of phase angles closer to the comet photocentre as the comet approached the Sun are best explained by fragmentation of the nucleus, exposing fresh Mg-rich silicate particles, followed by their gradual sublimation. The need for further studies of such comets, both observational and theoretical, is highlighted, as well as the benefit of the analysis routines created for this work.
A 13-yr-long broad-band view of BL Lac
Authors: Sahakyan N , Giommi P 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results of an extensive analysis of the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and γ-ray data collected from the observations of the BL Lac objects prototype BL Lacertae carried out over a period of nearly 13 yr, between 2008 August and 2021 March. The source is characterized by strongly variable emission at all frequencies, often accompanied by spectral changes. In the γ-ray band several prominent flares have been detected, the largest one reaching the flux of Fγ(&gt; 196.7 MeV) = (4.39 ± 1.01) × 10−6 photon cm−2 s−1. The X-ray spectral variability of the source during the brightest flare on MJD 59128.18 (2020 October 6) was characterized by a softer-when-brighter trend due to a shift of the synchrotron peak to ∼1016 Hz, well into the HBL domain. The widely changing multiwavelength emission of BL Lacertae was systematically investigated by fitting leptonic models that include synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton components to 511 high-quality and quasi-simultaneous broad-band spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The majority of selected SEDs can be adequately fitted within a one-zone model with reasonable parameters. Only 46 SEDs with soft and bright X-ray spectra and when the source was observed in very high energy γ-ray bands can be explained in a two-zone leptonic scenario. The HBL behaviour observed during the brightest X-ray flare is interpreted as due to the emergence of synchrotron emission from freshly accelerated particles in a second emission zone located beyond the broad-line region.
TedSim: temporal dynamics simulation of single-cell RNA sequencing data and cell division history
Authors: Pan Xinhai , Li Hechen , Zhang Xiuwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recently, lineage tracing technology using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has enabled simultaneous readouts of gene expressions and lineage barcodes, which allows for the reconstruction of the cell division tree and makes it possible to reconstruct ancestral cell types and trace the origin of each cell type. Meanwhile, trajectory inference methods are widely used to infer cell trajectories and pseudotime in a dynamic process using gene expression data of present-day cells. Here, we present TedSim (single-cell temporal dynamics simulator), which simulates the cell division events from the root cell to present-day cells, simultaneously generating two data modalities for each single cell: the lineage barcode and gene expression data. TedSim is a framework that connects the two problems: lineage tracing and trajectory inference. Using TedSim, we conducted analysis to show that (i) TedSim generates realistic gene expression and barcode data, as well as realistic relationships between these two data modalities; (ii) trajectory inference methods can recover the underlying cell state transition mechanism with balanced cell type compositions; and (iii) integrating gene expression and barcode data can provide more insights into the temporal dynamics in cell differentiation compared to using only one type of data, but better integration methods need to be developed.