bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Cell Salvage Be Used in Liver Resection and Transplantation? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rajendran Luckshi , Lenet Tori , Shorr Risa , Abou Khalil Jad , Bertens Kimberly A. , Balaa Fady K. , Martel Guillaume 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of intraoperative blood cell salvage and autotransfusion (IBSA) use on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and postoperative outcomes in liver surgery.

Background:
Intraoperative RBC transfusions are common in liver surgery and associated with increased morbidity. IBSA can be utilized to minimize allogeneic transfusion. A theoretical risk of cancer dissemination has limited IBSA adoption in oncologic surgery.

Methods:
Electronic databases were searched from inception until May 2021. All studies comparing IBSA use with control in liver surgery were included. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently, in duplicate. The primary outcome was intraoperative allogeneic RBC transfusion (proportion of patients and volume of blood transfused). Core secondary outcomes included: overall survival and disease-free survival, transfusion-related complications, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs. Data from transplant and resection studies were analyzed separately. Random effects models were used for meta-analysis.

Results:
Twenty-one observational studies were included (16 transplant, 5 resection, n=3433 patients). Seventeen studies incorporated oncologic indications. In transplant, IBSA was associated with decreased allogeneic RBC transfusion [mean difference –1.81, 95% confidence interval (−3.22, −0.40), P=0.01, I2=86%, very-low certainty]. Few resection studies reported on transfusion for meta-analysis. No significant difference existed in overall survival or disease-free survival in liver transplant [hazard ratio (HR)=1.12 (0.75, 1.68), P=0.59, I2=0%; HR=0.93 (0.57, 1.48), P=0.75, I2=0%] and liver resection [HR=0.69 (0.45, 1.05), P=0.08, I2=0%; HR=0.93 (0.59, 1.45), P=0.74, I2=0%].

Conclusion:
IBSA may reduce intraoperative allogeneic RBC transfusion without compromising oncologic outcomes. The current evidence base is limited in size and quality, and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed.
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on delivery of and models for supportive and palliative care for oncology patients
Authors: Kazazian Karineh , Ng Deanna , Swallow Carol J. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Supportive and palliative care services have been an important component of the overall COVID-19 pandemic response. However, significant changes in the provision and models of care were needed in order to optimize the care delivered to vulnerable cancer patients. This review discusses the evolution of palliative and supportive care service in response to the pandemic, and highlights remaining challenges.

Recent findings
Direct competition for resources, as well as widespread implementation of safety measures resulted in major shifts in the mode of assessment and communication with cancer patients by supportive care teams. Telemedicine/virtual consultation and follow-up visits became an integral strategy, with high uptake and satisfaction amongst patients, families and providers. However, inequities in access to the required technologies were sometimes exposed. Hospice/palliative care unit (PCU) bed occupancy declined markedly because of restrictive visitation policies. Collection of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data was suspended in many cancer centers, with resulting under-recognition of anxiety and depression in ambulatory patients. As in many other areas, disparities in delivery of supportive and palliative care were magnified by the pandemic.

Summary
Virtual care platforms have been widely adopted and will continue to be used to include a wider circle of family/friends and care providers in the provision of palliative and supportive care. To facilitate equitable delivery of supportive care within a pandemic, further research and resources are needed to train and support generalists and palliative care providers. Strategies to successfully collect PROs from all patients in a virtual manner must be developed and implemented.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on medical assistance in dying
Authors: Nissim Rinat S. , Hales Sarah 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of reviewThe COVID-19 pandemic and measures to contain its impact are drastically altering end-of-life and grief experiences around the world, including the practice and experience of medical assistance in dying (MAiD).Recent findingsRecent published literature on the impact of COVID-19 on MAiD can be described under the following categories: studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on MAiD from the healthcare providers’ perspective; studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on MAiD from the patient/family perspective; and opinion papers that review the impact of COVID-19 on MAiD from a legal–ethical perspective. Most of these studies were either conducted in Canada or included mostly Canadian participants.SummaryRecent published research on the impact of COVID-19 on MAiD highlights the tensions between COVID-19 restrictions and individual control over the circumstances of dying, and the resulting impact on patient and family suffering and on moral injury for their MAiD providers. These reports may help inform risk mitigation strategies for the current pandemic and future similar public health crises that acknowledge the value of humane, family-centered care at the end of life.
Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors for Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Anesi Judith A. , Lautenbach Ebbing , Thom Kerri A. , Tamma Pranita D. , Blumberg Emily A. , Alby Kevin , Bilker Warren B. , Werzen Alissa , Ammazzalorso Alyssa , Tolomeo Pam , Omorogbe Jacqueline , Pineles Lisa , Han Jennifer H. 
Published: July 2022

Background.
The clinical outcomes associated with, and risk factors for, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) bloodstream infections (BSIs) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients remain ill-defined.

Methods.
A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed, including SOT recipients with an Enterobacterales BSI between 2005 and 2018. Exposed subjects were those with a CRE BSI. Unexposed subjects were those with a non-CRE BSI. A multivariable survival analysis was performed to determine the association between CRE BSI and risk of all-cause mortality within 60 d. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent risk factors for CRE BSI.

Results.
Of 897 cases of Enterobacterales BSI in SOT recipients, 70 (8%) were due to CRE. On multivariable analysis, CRE BSI was associated with a significantly increased hazard of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-4.84; P < 0.001). Independent risk factors for CRE BSI included prior CRE colonization or infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 9.86; 95% CI, 4.88-19.93; P < 0.001)‚ liver transplantation (aOR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.23-5.65; P = 0.012)‚ lung transplantation (aOR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.40-10.09; P = 0.009)‚ and exposure to a third-generation cephalosporin (aOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.17-4.17; P = 0.015) or carbapenem (aOR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.54-5.10; P = 0.001) in the prior 6 months.

Conclusions.
CRE BSI is associated with significantly worse outcomes than more antibiotic-susceptible Enterobacterales BSI in SOT recipients.
Enhancing type 2 diabetes treatment through digital plans of care. First results from the East Cheshire Study of an App to support people in the management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Heald Adrian H. , Gimeno Lucia Albeda , Gilingham Erin , Hudson Lynne , Price Lisa , Saboo Anuj , Beresford Laura , Seviour Sally , White Alison , Roberts Sarah , Abraham Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
The use of personalised care planning has been effective at improving health outcomes for people with long-term health conditions.

Methods
We analysed data in relation to changes in BMI/HbA1c. The sample was made up of (n = 36) participants randomised to either the active intervention group (App+usual care) or the control group (usual care).

Results:
The average HbA1c percentage change for the treatment group was 9.5%, but just −2% for the control (usual care) group (P = 0.015 for the difference). The average percentage change in BMI for the treatment group was −0.4%, but 0.1% for the control group (P = 0.03 for the difference).

Conclusion
These preliminary findings point to how the provision of personalised plans of care, support and education linked to a mobile app, can result in HbA1c and BMI reduction over a 6-month period. While the results are preliminary, they portend the potential for digital plans of care to enhance T2DM management.
Epidemiology of eating disorders among US adults
Authors: Udo Tomoko , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Public policy efforts for prevention of and intervention upon eating disorders is severely limited in the United States due to the paucity of population-based data. This review article summarizes findings regarding eating disorders based on the National Epidemiological Studies on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Third Wave. The studies reviewed provide the most recent epidemiological indicators of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder (BED) in the United States and demonstrate the utility of population-based data for validating the generalizability of findings from clinical samples.

Recent findings
Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and BED are widely distributed across sociodemographic characteristics, with substantially elevated risks for a variety of serious psychiatric, medical, and functional impairments, including heighted suicidality over the lifespan. Sexual minorities and individuals with adverse childhood experiences may be particularly vulnerable. Yet, many adults with eating disorders do not seek help, particularly professional help. National Epidemiological Studies on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Third Wave studies also validated some important clinical observations (e.g., overvaluation of shape/weight and physical inactivity in BED, more severe anorexia nervosa with onset prior to 14 years old).

Summary
More rigorous population-based studies are needed to further advocate for appropriate resources and policies for eating disorders in the United States.
A thalamic circuit represents dose-like responses induced by nicotine-related beliefs in human smokers
Authors: Perl Ofer , Shuster Anastasia , Heflin Matthew , Na Soojung , Kidwai Ambereen , Booker Natalie , Putnam William C. , Fiore Vincenzo G. , Gu Xiaosi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCould non-pharmacological constructs, such as beliefs, impact brain activities in a dose-dependent manner as drugs do? While beliefs shape many aspects of our behavior and wellbeing, the precise mapping between subjective beliefs and neural substrates remains elusive. Here, nicotine-addicted humans were instructed to think that an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) contained either “low”, “medium”, or “high” levels of nicotine, while nicotine content was kept constant. After vaping the e-cigarette, participants performed a decision-making task known to engage neural circuits affected by nicotine while being scanned by fMRI. Activity in the thalamus, a key binding site for nicotine, increased parametrically according to belief dosage. Furthermore, the functional coupling between thalamus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a region implicated in value and state representations, also scaled to belief dosage. These findings illustrate a dose-dependent relationship between a thalamic circuit and nicotine-related beliefs in humans, a mechanism previously known to only apply to pharmacological agents.
90K/LGALS3BP Expression is Upregulated in COVID-19 but Does Not Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: de Jarcy Laure Bosquillon , Akbil Bengisu , Leyens Johanna , Postmus Dylan , Harnisch Greta , Jansen Jenny , Schmidt Marie L. , Aigner Annette , Pott Fabian , Chua Robert Lorenz , Krist Lilian , Gentile Roberta , Mühlemann Barbara , Jones Terry C. , Niemeyer Daniela , Fricke Julia , Keil Thomas , Pischon Tobias , Janke Jürgen , Conrad Christian , Iacobelli Stefano , Drosten Christian , Corman Victor M. , Ralser Markus , Eils Roland , Kurth Florian , Sander Leif , Goffinet Christine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlycoprotein 90K, encoded by the interferon-stimulated gene LGALS3BP, displays broad antiviral activity. It reduces HIV-1 infectivity by interfering with Env maturation and virion incorporation, and increases survival of Influenza A virus-infected mice via antiviral innate immune signaling. Here, we analyzed the expression of 90K/LGALS3BP in 44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. 90K protein serum levels were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected sex- and age-matched controls. Furthermore, PBMC-associated concentrations of 90K protein were overall reduced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo, suggesting enhanced secretion into the extracellular space. Mining of published PBMC scRNA-seq datasets uncovered monocyte-specific induction of LGALS3BP mRNA expression in COVID-19 patients. In functional assays, neither 90K overexpression in susceptible cell lines nor exogenous addition of purified 90K consistently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data suggests that 90K/LGALS3BP contributes to the global type I IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo without displaying detectable antiviral properties.
Determinants of healthcare employees’ preference to continue teleworking after the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study using hierarchical regression
Authors: Jones Andrea Marie , Fan Jonathan , Thomas-Olson Leah , Zhang Wei , McLeod Christopher B 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmployees’ post-pandemic telework preference is an important consideration for navigating post-pandemic work arrangements and can inform organizational planning and workforce management. A cross-sectional survey of employees (n=400, participation rate =36.4%) of a regional health authority who teleworked during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. The most common post-pandemic telework preference was all the time (52%) followed by over half but not all the time (32%) and less than half the time or not at all (16%). Using hierarchical multinomial logistic regression models and less than half the time or not at all as the reference outcome, being a provider of direct patient care and productivity while teleworking were strong determinants of post-pandemic telework preference while two or more weekly teleconference hours, work-life balance and having one or more people over five years of age in the home while teleworking were moderate determinants.
Effects of home environmental, behavioural and domestic activities on the risk of home injuries in French adults: Results from a prospective study
Authors: Rojas Castro Madelyn Yiseth , Avalos Marta , Contrand Benjamin , Dupuy Marion , Sztal-Kutas Catherine , Orriols Ludivine , Lagarde Emmanuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProspective home injuries (HIs) and detailed exposure information are generally scarce to study risk factors. We assessed the associations between physical household environment, behaviours and Do-It-Yourself (DIY), gardening and domestic activities and HI’s risk in a prospective cohort study. The MAVIE observatory is an e-cohort conducted among volunteers of the French general population. Poisson mixed models were fitted and Risk Ratios estimated to assess the determinant of the number of HIs prospectively recorded during the follow-up. A total of 6146 dwelling adults aged 15 or more were followed up for 4.0 years on average and 12% reported at least one HI during follow-up. Adjusting on socio-demographics variables and self-perception of physical and mental health, no characteristic of the physical environment measured at baseline were associated with HI risk. Storing household products out of their original packaging, DIY activities and using a stool to reach high places were significantly associated with HI with attributable fractions of 12.1%, 6.4% and 6.9% respectively.
Understanding the nature of substance use in Zimbabwe: State of the art and ways forward: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Blessing N. Marandure , Mhizha Samson , Wilson Amanda , Nhunzvi Clement 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReports of substance use in Zimbabwe paint a concerning picture of escalating prevalence of use, with over half of people admitted to inpatient mental health units reportedly experiencing a substance induced disorder. The country has gone through decades of significant political and socio-economical challenges, which are undoubtedly linked to the observed increases in substances use. Nevertheless, despite the resource constraints to adequately address substance use, the government has shown a renewed resolve to provide a comprehensive approach to address substance use in the country. However, there is a lack of clarity of the nature and extent of substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs), which in part is due to a lack of a national monitoring system for substance use in the country. Moreover, reports of a substance use crisis in Zimbabwe are predominantly based on anecdotal evidence, limiting the ability to gain an accurate picture of the situation. Therefore, a scoping review of the primary empirical evidence of substance use and SUDs is proposed in order to develop an adequately informed understanding of the nature of substance use and SUDs in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, the review will embed an assessment of the response to substance use, together with an analysis of the policy landscape on substance use in Zimbabwe. The PRISMA-ScR checklist will be utilised for the write up. The results of the scoping review will be essential for identifying the current state of knowledge around substance use, and identify gaps in knowledge and policy that would be a catalyst for further work to enhance knowledge and develop solutions situated within the local context. Thus the present work presents a timely effort that capitalises on current efforts by the government to address substance use in the country.
Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Classification via Pre-Trained Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Filatov Dmytro , Ahmad Hassan Yar Ghulam Nabi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe brain tumor is the most aggressive kind of tumor and can cause low life expectancy if diagnosed at the later stages. Manual identification of brain tumors is tedious and prone to errors. Misdiagnosis can lead to false treatment and thus reduce the chances of survival for the patient. Medical resonance imaging (MRI) is the conventional method used to diagnose brain tumors and their types. This paper attempts to eliminate the manual process from the diagnosis process and use machine learning instead. We proposed the use of pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the diagnosis and classification of brain tumors. Three types of tumors were classified with one class of non-tumor MRI images. Networks that has been used are ResNet50, EfficientNetB1, EfficientNetB7, EfficientNetV2B1. EfficientNet has shown promising results due to its scalable nature. EfficientNetB1 showed the best results with training and validation accuracy of 87.67% and 89.55% respectively.
Chronic Jetlag Accelerates Pancreatic Neoplasia in ConditionalKras-Mutant Mice
Authors: Schwartz Patrick B , Walcheck Morgan T , Nukaya Manabu , Pavelec Derek M , Matkowskyj Kristina A , Ronnekleiv-Kelly Sean M 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMisalignment of the circadian clock compared to environmental cues causes circadian desynchrony, which is pervasive in humans. Clock misalignment can lead to various pathologies including obesity and diabetes, both of which are associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma - a devastating cancer with an 80% five-year mortality rate. Although circadian desynchrony is associated with an increased risk of several solid-organ cancers, the correlation between clock misalignment and pancreas cancer is unclear. Using a chronic jetlag model, we investigated the impact of clock misalignment on pancreas cancer initiation in mice harboring a pancreas-specific activatedKrasmutation. We found that chronic jetlag accelerated the development of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions, with a concomitant increase in precursor lesion grade. Cell-autonomous knock-out of the clock in pancreatic epithelial cells ofKras-mutant mice demonstrated no acceleration of precursor lesion formation, indicating non-cell-autonomous clock dysfunction was responsible for the expedited tumor development. Therefore, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing over time and identified fibroblasts as the cell population manifesting the greatest clock-dependent changes, with enrichment of specific cancer-associated fibroblast pathways due to circadian misalignment. Collectively, these results suggest fibroblasts as the putative target of chronic jetlag-induced accelerated pancreas cancer initiation.
Updating memories of unwanted emotions during human sleep
Authors: Xia Tao , Yao Ziqing , Guo Xue , Liu Jing , Chen Danni , Liu Qiang , Paller Ken A. , Hu Xiaoqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPost-learning sleep contributes to memory consolidation. Yet, it remains contentious whether sleep affords opportunities to modify or update emotional memories, such as those people would prefer to forget. Here we attempted to update memories during sleep using spoken positive emotional words paired with cues to recent memories for aversive events. Affect updating using positive words during human non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, compared with using neutral words instead, reduced negative affect judgments in post-sleep tests, suggesting that the recalled events were perceived as less aversive. EEG analyses showed that emotional words modulated theta and spindle/sigma activity. Specifically, to the extent that theta power was larger for the positive word than for the following memory cue, participants judged the memory cues less negatively. Moreover, to the extent that sigma power was larger for the emotional word than for the following memory cue, participants showed higher forgetting of unwanted memories. Notably, when the onset of individual positive word coincided with the upstate of slow oscillations, a state characterized by increased cortical excitability during NREM sleep, affective updating was more successful. In sum, the affect content of memories was altered via strategic spoken words presentations during sleep, in association with theta power increases and slow-oscillation upstates. These findings offer novel possibilities for modifying unwanted memories during sleep, without requiring conscious confrontations with aversive memories that people would prefer to avoid.