bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Inhibitors in Ascertaining the Type of Isoenzyme of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and its Clinical Correlations
Authors: Gill Gupreet Singh , Goyal Gitanjali 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To estimate the level of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in the serum and to evaluate the role of inhibitors in ascertaining the type of isoenzyme of ALP and further correlation with clinical diagnosis and other biochemical parameters of the patients.
Study Design: Cross Sectional with Diagnostic Accuracy Type
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, October 2017 to October 2018.
Methdology: 250 Patients (143 women and 107 men; age range 19-85 years) with elevated ALP level were enrolled. ALP activity was measured in the serum and isoenzymes were ascertained by using chemical inhibitors i.e. Urea, L-Phenylalanine, Guanidine Hydrochloride, and heat inactivation which inhibit ALP activity. For heat inactivation, serum was incubated at 65°C for 10 minutes. Various other biochemical parameters were estimated for the correlation.
Results: The Mean±SD of ALP level was 373±274 U/L. The percentage of inhibition by Urea, L-Phenylalanine, Guanidine hydrochloride and heat inactivation was 49.5%, 40.5%, 48.6%, and 94.0% respectively in liver disorders, 56.6%, 38.1%, 45.8%, and 89.0% in bone disorders and 29%, 41.6%, 42.8% and 95% in intestinal disorders. The percentage of inhibition in third-trimester pregnant females was 44.4%, 36.8%, 47.1%, and 36.8%, and 51.1%, 47.0%, 50.7%, and 51.2% in preeclampsia. The percentage of inhibition of the Isoenzyme of ALP was according to the type of carcinoma/lymphoma. The correlation of ascertained ALP isoenzyme with AST and ALT is highly significant (P<0.001) in patients of liver diseases. In the patients of Bone disorders the correlation of ALP isoenzyme with Calcium and Phosphorous is also significant (P=0.01 and P=0.01 respectively).
Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of this inhibition method to ascertain isoenzymes in raised ALP level was 82.45% and 66.13% respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.744 which is significant (P<0.0001).
Leukocyte Telomere Length and Childhood Onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus Study
Authors: Bridges John , Chung Kara W. , Martz Connor D. , Smitherman Emily A. , Drenkard Cristina , Wu Calvin , Lin Jue , Lim S. Sam , Chae David H. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe study objective was to compare leukocyte telomere length (LTL) among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosed in childhood versus adulthood.MethodsData are from the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) study. Multivariable linear regression analyses that examined childhood diagnosis of SLE (diagnosed before 18 years of age), age, and their interaction in relationship to LTL were conducted, adjusting for a range of demographic, socioeconomic, and health‐related covariates.ResultsThe total analytic sample size was 415. Forty participants (9.6%) were diagnosed in childhood. There was no main effect of childhood diagnosis on LTL (b = 0.007; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.089 to 0.103). However, the interaction between age and childhood diagnosis was significant (b = −0.008; 95% CI: −0.016 to −0.001), indicating a steeper inverse association between age and LTL among those diagnosed in childhood compared with those diagnosed in adulthood. This interaction remained statistically significant (P = 0.024) after controlling for disease duration measured dichotomously (less than 10 years vs. 10 years or more); it was marginally significant (P = 0.083) when controlling for disease duration measured continuously.ConclusionThis cross‐sectional analysis suggests that Black women with childhood‐onset SLE may undergo accelerated LTL shortening compared with their adult‐onset counterparts. This relationship persisted even after controlling for differences in SLE damage and disease duration. These findings inform research on immunosenescence mechanisms of SLE.
Development of birthweight and length for gestational age and sex references in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Azcorra Hugo , Dickinson Federico , Mendez‐Dominguez Nina , Mumm Rebekka , Valentín Graciela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop sex‐ and gestational age specific reference percentiles and curves for birth weight and length for Yucatec neonates using data from birth registers of infants born during 2015–2019.Material and methodsObservational, descriptive, epidemiologic study in a 5‐year period including every registered birth in the state of Yucatan, Mexico using birth registries. A total of 158 432 live, physically healthy singletons (76 442 females and 81 990 males) between 25 and 42 weeks of gestation were included in the analysis. We used the LMS method to construct smoothed reference centiles (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th, and 97th) and curves for males and females separately.ResultsMean maternal age was 26 (SD = 6.22) years. Fifty‐two percent of births occurred by vaginal delivery, 37% were firstborn and similar proportions were second (33%) and third or more (30%) born. 5.5% of newborns included in the references corresponds to neonates born before 37 weeks of gestation (5.9% boys and 5.1% girls). In both sexes, the percentage of infants with a birthweight less than 2500 g was 6.7%. The birthweight at the 50th percentile for males and females at 40 weeks of gestation in this cohort was 3256 and 3167 g, respectively, and the corresponding values for birth length were 50.23 and 49.84 cm (mean differences between sexes: 89 g and 0.40 cm, respectively).ConclusionThe reference percentile and curves developed in this study are useful for research purposes and can help health practitioners to assess the biological status of infants born in Yucatán.
Thermo‐Osmotic Energy Conversion Enabled by Covalent‐Organic‐Framework Membranes with Record Output Power Density
Authors: Zuo Xiuhui , Zhu Changjia , Xian Weipeng , Meng Qing‐Wei , Guo Qing , Zhu Xincheng , Wang Sai , Wang Yeqing , Ma Shengqian , Sun Qi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA vast amount of energy can be extracted from the untapped low‐grade heat from sources below 100 °C and the Gibbs free energy from salinity gradients. Therefore, a process for simultaneous and direct conversion of these energies into electricity using permselective membranes was developed in this study. These membranes screen charges of ion flux driven by the combined salinity and temperature gradients to achieve thermo‐osmotic energy conversion. Increasing the charge density in the pore channels enhanced the permselectivity and ion conductance, leading to a larger osmotic voltage and current. A 14‐fold increase in power density was achieved by adjusting the ionic site population of covalent organic framework (COF) membranes. The optimal COF membrane was operated under simulated estuary conditions at a temperature difference of 60 K, which yielded a power density of ≈231 W m−2, placing it among the best performing upscaled membranes. The developed system can pave the way to the utilization of the enormous supply of untapped osmotic power and low‐grade heat energy, indicating the tremendous potential of using COF membranes for energy conversion applications.
Exceptional Selectivity to Olefins in the Deoxygenation of Fatty Acids over an Intermetallic Platinum–Zinc Alloy
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Tian Jinshu , Lu Yubing , Gou Xin , Li Junrui , Hu Wenda , Lin Wenwen , Kim R. Soyoung , Fu Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDirect deoxygenation of long‐chain fatty acids can produce both saturated alkanes (CnH2n+2) and unsaturated olefins (CnH2n). However, the selectivity for the production of olefins via the decarbonylation route is relatively low because of the more favorable decarboxylation pathway. We present an atomically ordered intermetallic PtZn alloy on carbon catalyst (PtZn/C) with a record‐high total selectivity (97 %) for undecane (C11H24) and undecene (C11H22) in the deoxygenation of lauric acid (C12H24O2). Interestingly, the selectivity for C11H22 is as high as 67.0 % on PtZn/C, which is significantly higher than that of 27.5 % obtained on the Pt/C counterpart under the same reaction conditions. Characterization and theoretical calculation results reveal that the intermetallic PtZn alloy not only inhibits the decarboxylation route by increasing the energy barrier of −COO* cleavage, but also facilitates the decarbonylation route by decreasing CO desorption energy, and therefore the major product is switched from alkanes to olefins.
Rhodaelectro‐Catalyzed peri‐Selective Direct Alkenylations with Weak O‐Coordination Enabled by the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)
Authors: Sadowski Bartłomiej , Yuan Binbin , Lin Zhipeng , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDirect C−H functionalizations by electrocatalysis is dominated by strongly coordinating N(sp2)‐directing groups. In sharp contrast, direct electrocatalytic transformations of weakly‐coordinating phenols remain underdeveloped. Herein, electrooxidative peri C−H alkenylations of challenging 1‐naphthols were achieved by versatile rhodium(III) catalysis via user‐friendly constant current electrolysis. The rhodaelectrocatalysis employed readily‐available alkenes and a protic reaction medium and features ample scope, good functional group tolerance and high site‐ and stereoselectivity. The strategy was successfully applied to high‐value, nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, thereby providing direct access to uncommon heterocyclic motifs based on the dihydropyranoquinoline skeleton.
Activating a [FeFe] Hydrogenase Mimic for Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light**
Authors: Buday Philipp , Kasahara Chizuru , Hofmeister Elisabeth , Kowalczyk Daniel , Farh Micheal K. , Riediger Saskia , Schulz Martin , Wächtler Maria , Furukawa Shunsuke , Saito Masaichi , Ziegenbalg Dirk , Gräfe Stefanie , Bäuerle Peter , Kupfer Stephan , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInspired by the active center of the natural [FeFe] hydrogenases, we designed a compact and precious metal‐free photosensitizer‐catalyst dyad (PS‐CAT) for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation.PS‐CATrepresents a prototype dyad comprising π‐conjugated oligothiophenes as light absorbers.PS‐CATand its interaction with the sacrificial donor 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐phenylbenzimidazoline were studied by steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy coupled with electrochemical techniques and visible light‐driven photocatalytic investigations.OperandoEPR spectroscopy revealed the formation of an active [FeIFe0] species—in accordance with theoretical calculations—presumably driving photocatalysis effectively (TON≈210).
Flame retardancy of silicone rubber foam containing modified hydrotalcite
Authors: Ma Li , Liu Xixi , Sheng Youjie , Guo Ying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSilicone rubber material (silicone rubber foam [SRF]) composites is a new type of polymer foam material, which has the characteristics of high elasticity and high‐temperature resistance, but this material is flammable. In order to improve the flame retardant properties of SRF composites. The co‐precipitation method is used to prepare modified hydrotalcites (LDHs) with different Ce/Al molar ratios for application to SRF composites. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FT‐IR are used to characterize modified LDHs with different Ce/Al molar ratios. The combustion performance, thermal decomposition, and mechanical properties of composite materials are studied through the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion test, thermal gravimetric analysis, cone calorimeter test, and SEM. Results show that the LOI value of SRF composite with addition of 3% LDHs at a Ce/Al molar ratio of 0.3:0.7 is 31.2%, and the heat release rate, the smoke production rate, and total smoke production of the SRF composite are reduced by 53.64%, 34.92%, and 66.19%, respectively. Besides, the addition of modified LDHs leads to increase in the thermal stability of the SRF composite. The results obtained from this study can provide guidance for the development of environmentally friendly SRF.
Amorphization of Pseudocapacitive T−Nb2O5 Accelerates Lithium Diffusivity as Revealed Using Tunable Isomorphic Architectures
Authors: van den Bergh Wessel , Wechsler Sean , Lokupitiya Hasala Nadeesini , Jarocha Lauren , Kim Kwangnam , Chapman James , Kweon Kyoung E. , Wood Brandon C. , Heald Steve , Stefik Morgan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntercalation pseudocapacitance can combine capacitor‐like power densities with battery‐like energy densities. Such surface‐limited behavior requires rapid diffusion where amorphization can increase solid‐state diffusivity. Here intercalation pseudocapacitive materials with tailored extents of amorphization in T‐Nb2O5 are first reported. Amorphization was characterized with WAXS, XPS, XAFS, and EPR which suggested a peroxide‐rich (O22−) surface that was consistent with DFT predictions. A series of tunable isomorphic architectures enabled comparisons while independently varying transport parameters. Through process of elimination, solid‐state lithium diffusion was identified as the dominant diffusive‐constraint dictating the maximum voltage sweep rate for surface‐limited kinetics (vSLT), termed the Surface‐Limited Threshold (SLT). The vSLT increased with amorphization however stable cycling required crystalline T‐Nb2O5. A current‐response model using series‐impedances well‐matched these observations. This perspective revealed that amorphization of T‐Nb2O5 enhanced solid‐state diffusion by 12.2 % and increased surface‐limitations by 17.0 % (stable samples). This approach enabled retaining 95 % lithiation capacity at ∼800 mV s−1 (1,600 C‐rate equivalent).
Generalization and maintenance of caregivers' effective instruction delivery following group behavioral skills training
Authors: LaBrot Zachary C. , Kupzyk Sara , Strong‐Bak Whitney , Bates‐Brantley Kayla , Caserta Abigail 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBehavioral skills training (BST) is an effective modality to train parents in a variety of behavioral techniques for their children. However, extended wait times for behavioral health services can result in increased severity of children's problem behaviors. Furthermore, there is limited research demonstrating that behavior management techniques trained via BST generalizes beyond the setting in which they were trained. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group‐based BST to improve three caregivers' use of effective instruction delivery (EID) for three children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders and determine the extent to which effective instructions maintained and generalized to the home. Results indicated that all three caregivers' improved their EDI which resulted in children's improved response to instructions that maintained over time. Furthermore, caregivers' use of EID generalized to the home and maintained over time. Findings, implications, and areas for future research are discussed.
Mistakes in interpersonal perceptions: Social cognition in aggressive forensic psychiatry patients
Authors: Battaglia Anthony M. , Gicas Kristina M. , Mamak Mini , Goldberg Joel O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile there is an established link between untreated psychosis and aggression, an enhanced understanding of the role of social cognition is still needed.AimsTo examine social cognitive functioning among patients in a specialist forensic mental health service who had been deemed not criminally responsible for acts of violence due to a psychotic disorder. It was hypothesised, first, that such patients would show reduced social cognitive functioning compared with healthy, nonviolent comparison participants and, second, that those who continued to be aggressive while inpatients would demonstrate significant reductions compared to the now nonaggressive group.MethodsThe study samples were of 10 recently aggressive and 15 not‐recently aggressive patients and 20 healthy, nonviolent comparison participants. Each completed the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test‐Revised (RMET) and the Interpersonal Perception Task‐15 (IPT‐15).ResultsThere was no significance between group differences on the RMET and TEQ. The patient group as a whole, however, showed significant interpersonal misperceptions, with specific misperceptions on IPT‐15 deception and kinship subscales, while at the same time lacking self‐awareness of their errors. Misperceptions on the IPT‐15 competition subscale were unique to recently aggressive patients.ConclusionsSelect aspects of reduced social cognitive functioning were found among not criminally responsible patients with psychosis who had committed violent acts and who continued to act aggressively while forensic inpatients. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of social cognition in predisposing toward violence and the potential importance of incorporating interventions which improve social cognition directly. We suggest also the potential for future research using virtual reality technologies in treatment.
Electrochemical Treatment of Synthetic Wastewaters Contaminated by Organic Pollutants at Ti4O7 Anode. Study of the Role of Operative Parameters by Experimental Results and Theoretical Modelling
Authors: Hao Yongyong , Ma Pengfei , Ma Hongrui , Proietto Federica , Prestigiacomo Claudia , Galia Alessandro , Scialdone Onofrio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last years, an increasing attention has been devoted to the utilization of anodic oxidation (AO) technologies for the treatment of wastewater polluted by recalcitrant organics. Recently, Ti4O7 was proposed as a promising anode for AO for the treatment of various organics. Here the potential utilization of commercial Ti4O7 anodes has been evaluated considering the electrochemical treatment of synthetic wastewater contaminated by three very different organic molecules (namely, oxalic acid, phenol and Acid Orange 7), all characterized by a very high resistance to AO. The performances of Ti4O7 were compared with that of two largely investigated anodes: Boron‐doped diamond (BDD), which is probably the most effective electrode for AO, and an Ir‐based anode which presents a relatively low cost. Moreover, the effect of various operative conditions (current density, mixing rate and initial concentration of the organic) was evaluated by both experimental studies and the adoption of a theoretical model previously developed for BDD anodes. It was shown that the performances of the process can be improved by a proper selection of operative conditions. Moreover, it was found that the proposed model can be effectively used to predict the effect of operative parameters at Ti4O7 anodes, thus helping the process optimization.
Conjugated Tetrathiafulvalene Carboxylates for Stable Organic Lithium Batteries
Authors: Hu Weikang , Chen Nanjie , Chen Dongyang , Tong Bihai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrganic electrode materials are potential energy storage materials for the next generation lithium batteries. Herein, carboxylate groups are installed to a conjugated tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) platform to yield two compounds, namely lithium tetrathiafulvalene‐dicarboxylate (TTF‐Li2) and lithium tetrathiafulvalene‐tetracarboxylate (TTF‐Li4), as stable anode materials for lithium batteries. The low solubility in the electrolyte, brought about by the carboxylate groups, and high rechargeability ensured by the conjugated TTF platform lead to excellent battery performance. After cycling at a current density of 0.5 C for 120 cycles, a net specific capacity of 108.19 mAh g−1 and 217.55 mAh g−1 is obtained for the TTF‐Li2 and TTF‐Li4 anodes containing 70 wt.% of active materials, corresponding to 61.4 % and 82.0 % of their theoretical capacities, respectively. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation confirms the well‐delocalized charge for both TTF‐Li2 and TTF‐Li4. Therefore, the TTF‐Li2 and TTF‐Li4 are promising anode materials for lithium batteries.
Late‐Stage Chemoenzymatic Installation of Hydroxy‐Bearing Allyl Moiety on the Indole Ring of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides
Authors: Mupparapu Nagaraju , Brewster Lauren , Ostrom Katrina F. , Elshahawi Sherif I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe late‐stage functionalization of indole‐ and tryptophan‐containing compounds with reactive moieties facilitates downstream diversification and leads to changes in their biological properties. Here, the synthesis of two hydroxy‐bearing allyl pyrophosphates is described. A chemoenzymatic method is demonstrated which uses a promiscuous indole prenyltransferase enzyme to install a dual reactive hydroxy‐bearing allyl moiety directly on the indole ring of tryptophan‐containing peptides. This is the first report of late‐stage indole modifications with this reactive group.
Efficient Synthesis for a Wide Variety of Patellamide Derivatives and Phosphatase Activity of Copper‐Patellamide Complexes
Authors: Baur Philipp , Comba Peter , Velmurugan Gunasekaran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCopper complexes of patellamides have shown catalytic activity in a variety of reactions but their biological function remains unknown. There are significant differences between the natural macrocycles and synthetic analogues in the various catalytic activities. It therefore is essential to be able to perform in vivo and ex vivo reference measurements with the natural patellamide macrocycles, very similar derivatives and a large range of synthetic analogues. The preparative method described allows for a highly adaptable synthetic process producing building blocks for a large range of patellamide derivatives: apart from natural compounds, a new synthetic patellamide was prepared that does not have any substituents at any of the four heterocycles. Together with the variation of substituents at the aliphatic backbone, this allowed to elucidate the catalytic activity for phosphoester hydrolysis as a function of the structure and dynamics of the dicopper(II)‐patellamide complexes, both by experiment and DFT‐based mechanistic studies.
Selective, Transition Metal‐free 1,2‐Diboration of Alkyl Halides, Tosylates, and Alcohols
Authors: Huang Mingming , Hu Jiefeng , Shi Shasha , Friedrich Alexandra , Krebs Johannes , Westcott Stephen A. , Radius Udo , Marder Todd B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDefunctionalization of readily available feedstocks to provide alkenes for the synthesis of multifunctional molecules represents an extremely useful process in organic synthesis. Herein, we describe a transition metal‐free, simple and efficient strategy to access alkyl 1,2‐bis(boronate esters) via regio‐ and diastereoselective diboration of secondary and tertiary alkyl halides (Br, Cl, I), tosylates, and alcohols. Control experiments demonstrated that the key to this high reactivity and selectivity is the addition of a combination of potassium iodide and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA). The practicality and industrial potential of this transformation are demonstrated by its operational simplicity, wide functional group tolerance, and the late‐stage modification of complex molecules. From a drug discovery perspective, this synthetic method offers control of the position of diversification and diastereoselectivity in complex ring scaffolds, which would be especially useful in a lead optimization program.