bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of emission and environmental parameters of different commercial high by‐pass turbofan engines throughout landing and take‐off cycle
Authors: Sheikhi Mohammad Rauf , Aygun Hakan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAchieving more eco‐friendly aircraft propulsion systems is of paramount importance in the aerospace industry since their exhaust emissions possess an important influence on the depletion of ozone layer. In this work, 24 turbofan engines having the close thrust ranging from 117 to 133 kN are examined using energetic, exergetic, and exergo‐environmental tools throughout the LTO cycle involving take‐off, climb‐out, approach, and taxi‐out phases. According to emission findings, the highest CO emission indexes (CO EIs) of the engines vary from 13.77 to 40.1 g/kg fuel in the idle phase; whereas the highest NOx EIs change from 18.4 to 64.36 g/kg fuel at take‐off phase. Moreover, the highest exergy efficiency (ExEFF) of the turbofan engines vary between 15.88% and 24.31% at the climb‐out phase whilst the lowest ExEFF change between 4.59% and 7.46% at the idle phase. Moreover, the idle phase is observed to have the highest wasted exergy ratio (WExR) varying from 18.5% to 19%; whereas the climb‐out phase enjoys the lowest WExR changing from 15.11% to 16.8%. As a new index, specific irreversibility production (SIP) of the engines is observed to range from 0.297 to 0.497 MW/kN at the taxi‐out phase; while SIP becomes the minimum at the climb‐out phase, changing from 0.138 to 0.269 MW/kN. It could be deduced that since by‐pass ratio and compressor pressure ratio of the engines have significant influences on exergetic and emission values, increasing the thrust of the engine does not mean raising its emission value or wasted exergy ratio. It is thought that this study helps find optimum design variables leading to the lowest environmental effect.
Friends, foes, or “frenemies”: Intercountry relations and cross‐border acquisitions
Authors: Bilgili Tsvetomira V. , Bilgili Hansin , Allen David G. , Loncarich Holly , Kedia Ben L. , Johnson Jonathan L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe draw on the political institutions approach and relational embeddedness perspective to advance a relational theory of policy risk. We argue that policy risk negatively affects acquisition completion, but the strength of the effect is dependent on home‐host country relations. Home‐host country relations underpin host governments' motivation to commit to policies and influence foreign acquirers' perceptions of the credibility of such commitments. Using longitudinal event data on intercountry interactions, we measure the valence and strength of home‐host country relations and examine the relationship between policy risk and cross‐border acquisition (CBA) completion under cooperative, conflictive, and ambivalent relations. In a sample of 26,124 CBAs, we find that the relationship is negative and strong under conflictive relations, weaker under cooperative relations, and weakest under ambivalent relations.Managerial SummaryWe examine whether acquirers can use intercountry relations to infer and predict host governments' credibility of commitment to policies and evaluate the risk of arbitrary or opportunistic policy changes. Results show that policy risk decreases the likelihood of CBA completion, but the effect depends on home‐host country relations. The negative effect of policy risk is strongest under conflictive intercountry relations, weaker under cooperative relations, and weakest under ambivalent relations. Executives' evaluations of home‐host country relations in high policy risk environments can help assess the risk associated with completing CBAs and develop appropriate strategies to address potential issues.
Extrapolation of Adult Efficacy Data to Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evaluating Similarities in Exposure–Response
Authors: Balevic Stephen J. , Niu Jing , Chen Jianmeng , Green Dionna , McMahon Ann , Hornik Christoph P. , Schanberg Laura E. , Glaser Rachel , Gonzalez Daniel , Burckart Gilbert J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo streamline drug development, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can consider the extrapolation of adult efficacy data to children when the disease and drug effects are sufficiently similar. This study explored whether the relationship between drug exposure and response for selected drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was sufficiently similar to support a consideration of the extrapolation of adult efficacy data to children of ≥5 years of age. An exposure–response analysis of drugs used to treat SLE was conducted using published exposure versus response and efficacy versus time data. Statistical analyses included noncompartmental analysis of a drug’s area under the effect curve and direct Imax pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling. Six drugs were included: azathioprine, belimumab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate/mycophenolic acid, and rituximab. For belimumab, the net change in responders at week 52 (the primary end point) was nearly identical between 1 adult trial and the pediatric trial. For mycophenolate, PD modeling suggested no significant differences in exposure and SLE disease activity between adults and children. For azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, hydroxychloroquine, and rituximab the data were not sufficient to quantitatively characterize the exposure–response relationship, but the clinical or pharmacologic response between children and adults was similar overall. Adult SLE data should be leveraged to guide pediatric drug development programs and identify areas with residual uncertainty regarding the effectiveness or safety of a drug in children. The degree to which efficacy extrapolation can reduce clinical trial requirements in pediatric SLE should be individualized for each new drug product, depending in part on the mechanism of action of the drug and the similarity of disease manifestations in children and adults.
Examining the role of wide excision margins in pediatric melanoma: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Farrow Norma E. , Kim Jina , Wolf Steven , Thomas Samantha M. , Olson Lindsay , Mosca Paul J. , Beasley Georgia M. , Tracy Elisabeth T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough adult guidelines are often applied to children, age‐specific surgical margins have not been defined for pediatric melanoma.ProcedurePatients <20 years of age with invasive, cutaneous melanoma were identified using the 2004–2016 National Cancer Database and categorized as undergoing wide (>1 cm) or narrow (≤1 cm) excision. Unadjusted overall survival (OS) was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effect of excision margin on OS after adjustment for available covariates.ResultsIn total, 2081 patients met study criteria: 1338 (64.3%) patients underwent wide excision whereas 743 (35.7%) underwent narrow excision. Unadjusted OS was improved in the narrow‐excision group (log‐rank p = .01), which was consistent among patients with thicker (>1 mm) and thinner (≤1 mm) tumors. After adjustment for patient and tumor characteristics, we found no evidence of a difference in OS for patients who underwent narrow excision compared to patients who underwent wide excision (adjusted hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.32–1.01, p = .053). There was no interaction between excision margin width and Breslow depth (p = .85), indicating that the effect of excision margin width on OS does not differ based on Breslow depth.ConclusionsIn this analysis, wide excision (>1 cm) does not appear to be associated with improved survival in children with melanoma regardless of tumor characteristics. Although further studies are needed to define optimal excision margins in pediatric melanoma, this study suggests that more narrow margins (≤1 cm) may be acceptable.
Creating a data commons: The INternational Soft Tissue SaRcoma ConsorTium (INSTRuCT)
Authors: Wyatt Kirk D. , Birz Suzi , Hawkins Douglas S. , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Rodeberg David A. , Sparber‐Sauer Monika , Bisogno Gianni , Koscielniak Ewa , De Salvo Gian Luca , Ebinger Martin , Merks Johannes H. M. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Xue Wei , Volchenboum Samuel L. ,   for the INternational Soft Tissue SaRcoma ConsorTium (INSTRuCT)
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we will discuss the genesis, evolution, and progress of the INternational Soft Tissue SaRcoma ConsorTium (INSTRuCT), which aims to foster international research and collaboration focused on pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. We will begin by highlighting the current state of clinical research for pediatric soft tissue sarcomas, including rhabdomyosarcoma and non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma. We will then explore challenges and research priorities, describe the development of INSTRuCT, and discuss how the consortium aims to address key research priorities.
Investigation and optimization of the tensile properties of nanocomposites based on polylactic acid/polyolefin elastomer: Using fuzzy inference system and particle swarm optimization method
Authors: Daneshpayeh Sajjad , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Panahizadeh Valioallah , Ghasemi Ismail 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, tensile properties of polylactic acid/polyolefin elastomer/multiwall carbon nanotubes/carbon black particles (PLA/POE/MWCNT/CB) nanocomposites were investigated. Nanocomposites, including each nano‐filler at 0, 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, and 3 wt% levels were made by an internal mixer. Tensile tests were carried out to extract the tensile properties of samples. Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) was also performed to observe the dispersion quality of nano‐fillers in the matrix. FESEM images indicate a proper dispersion of all loadings of nanotubes in the matrix, in contrast the presence of more than 2 wt% of carbon black into the matrix is associated with their agglomeration. Based on the tensile tests, the separate and simultaneous addition of nano‐fillers into binary matrix leads to an increase in strength, modulus, and elongation by 72%, 30%, and 22%, respectively. Furthermore, predicted data from the rules section of the fuzzy inference system (FIS) method with the lowest error led to extracting regression models with R2 above 90% for all responses. Finally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method showed that to achieve balancing between the strength and elongation at break the nano‐fillers must be set at 0.64 wt% for nanotubes and 0.94 wt% for carbon black particles.
Valuating requirements arguments in the online user's forum for requirements decision‐making: The CrowdRE‐VArg framework
Authors: Khan Javed Ali , Yasin Affan , Fatima Rubia , Vasan Danish , Khan Arif Ali , Khan Abdul Wahid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUser forums enable a large population of crowd‐users to publicly share their experience, useful thoughts, and concerns about the software applications in the form of user reviews. Recent research studies have revealed that end‐user reviews contain rich and pivotal sources of information for the software vendors and developers that can help undertake software evolution and maintenance tasks. However, such user‐generated information is often fragmented, with multiple viewpoints from various stakeholders involved in the ongoing discussions in the Reddit forum. In this article, we proposed a crowd‐based requirements engineering by valuation argumentation (CrowdRE‐VArg) approach that analyzes the end‐users discussion in the Reddit forum and identifies conflict‐free new features, design alternatives, or issues, and reach a rationale‐based requirements decision by gradually valuating the relative strength of their supporting and attacking arguments. The proposed approach helps to negotiate the conflict over the new features or issues between the different crowd‐users on the run by finding a settlement that satisfies the involved crowd‐users in the ongoing discussion in the Reddit forum using argumentation theory. For this purpose, we adopted the bipolar gradual valuation argumentation framework, extended from the abstract argumentation framework and abstract valuation framework. The automated CrowdRE‐VArg approach is illustrated through a sample crowd‐users conversation topic adopted from the Reddit forum about Google Map mobile application. Finally, we applied natural language processing and different machine learning algorithms to support the automated execution of the CrowdRE‐VArg approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed CrowdRE‐VArg approach works as a proof‐of‐concept and automatically identifies prioritized requirements‐related information for software engineers.
DEPO: A dynamic energy‐performance optimizer tool for automatic power capping for energy efficient high‐performance computing
Authors: Krzywaniak Adam , Czarnul Paweł , Proficz Jerzy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the article we propose an automatic power capping software tool DEPO that allows one to perform runtime optimization of performance and energy related metrics. For an assumed application model with an initialization phase followed by a running phase with uniform compute and memory intensity, the tool performs automatic tuning engaging one of the two exploration algorithms—linear search (LS) and golden section search (GSS), finds a power cap optimizing a given metric and sets it for the remaining computations. The considered metrics include energy (E), energy‐delay sum, energy‐delay product. We present experimental results obtained for a set of benchmarks that differ in compute and memory intensity—parallel custom built OpenMP implementations of: numerical integration, heat distribution simulation (HEAT), fast Fourier transform (FFT), and additionally NAS parallel benchmarks: CG, MG, BT, SP, and LU. Tests were performed using multi‐core CPUs that are representatives of modern servers and the desktop family: 2 Intel Xeon E5‐2670 v3 CPU (Haswell‐EP) and Intel i7‐9700K CPU (Coffee Lake). The results show that our approach enabled considerable improvements for the tested metrics, for example, for HEAT and Coffee Lake we minimized energy by 50% at the cost of a 15% increase in execution time (LS), for FFT energy was minimized by 40% at a 25.5% increase in execution time (GSS), for SP and Haswell energy was minimized by 25% at the cost of an 18.5% time increase and for Coffee Lake energy was decreased by 56% with a 12% time increase.
Introduction: Baltic Hospitality, 1000–1900
Authors: Jezierski Wojtek , Nauman Sari , Reimann Christina , Runefelt Leif 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe introductory chapter presents the thematic, geographical, and chronological scope of the volume and explicates its guiding questions and conceptual framework. Our focus is on the Baltic Sea region, considered as a multi-layered space of intercultural encounter and conflict and its specific legacy of hospitality. In terms of guiding concepts for the empirical chapters, this introduction combines issues of host–guest relations with the problems of securitization. It is our contention that hospitality in Baltic migration contexts, from the turn of the first millennium until the twentieth century and beyond, triggered security issues both on the part of arriving strangers and receiving host communities. Why and how were multifarious categories of guests and strangers—migrants, war refugees, prisoners of war, merchants, missionaries, vagrants, vagabonds, etc.—portrayed as threats to local populations or as objects of their charity? Under what circumstances did hospitality turn into hostility? How was hospitality practiced and contained spatially? By focusing predominantly on coastal contexts as spaces for meetings and confrontations, we decouple the study of hospitality and migration from state-centered methodology. Instead, we offer a close-up view on hospitality dilemmas and practices of dealing with arriving guests and strangers, which we consider in transhistorical perspective. These conceptual themes and problems are fleshed out in the presentation of the individual chapters.
Hospitality and Rejection: Peddlers and Host Communities in the Northern Baltic, 1850–1920
Authors: Sundelin Anna , Wassholm Johanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the ambivalent relations between peddlers and hosts in the Northern Baltic in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In this period of modernization and growing consumption, peddlers played an important role for the distribution of consumer goods in the vast and sparsely populated region. Using the concepts of hospitality and securitization as analytical tools, the article focuses on the threats that peddlers were perceived to pose, the ambiguous relations between mobile traders and their sedentary hosts, and the ambivalent encounters around the goods that the peddlers carried. The sources consist of Finnish and Swedish newspapers, accessed through digital newspaper archives, and the responses to three ethnographic questionnaires. While both material types pose source critical challenges, the article illustrates how the conclusions that can be drawn on hospitality and rejection depend on which types of sources are studied and on the voice of which group in the host community they represent. The situational and relational character of hospitality is reflected in how the four groups of peddlers analyzed—knallar, “Rucksack Russians,” Eastern European Jews and Tatars—were received on a graded scale stretching from warm hospitality to extreme rejection.
Microbial sophorolipids inhibit colorectal tumour cell growth in vitro and restore haematocrit in Apcmin+/− mice
Authors: Callaghan Breedge , Twigg Matthew S. , Baccile Niki , Van Bogaert Inge N. A. , Marchant Roger , Mitchell Christopher A. , Banat Ibrahim M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Sophorolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants consisting of a carbohydrate sophorose head with a fatty acid tail and exist in either an acidic or lactonic form. Sophorolipids are gaining interest as potential cancer chemotherapeutics due to their inhibitory effects on a range of tumour cell lines. Currently, most anti-cancer studies reporting the effects of sophorolipids have focused on lactonic preparations with the effects of acidic sophorolipids yet to be elucidated. We produced a 94% pure acidic sophorolipid preparation which proved to be non-toxic to normal human colonic and lung cells. In contrast, we observed a dose-dependent reduction in viability of colorectal cancer lines treated with the same preparation. Acidic sophorolipids induced apoptosis and necrosis, reduced migration, and inhibited colony formation in all cancer cell lines tested. Furthermore, oral administration of 50 mg kg−1 acidic sophorolipids over 70 days to Apcmin+/− mice was well tolerated and resulted in an increased haematocrit, as well as reducing splenic size and red pulp area. Oral feeding did not affect tumour numbers or sizes in this model. This is the first study to show that acidic sophorolipids dose-dependently and specifically reduces colon cancer cell viability in addition to reducing tumour-associated bleeding in the Apcmin+/− mouse model.

Key points
• Acidic sophorolipids are produced by yeast species such as Starmerella bombicola.
• Acidic sophorolipids selectively killed colorectal cells with no effect on healthy gut epithelia.
• Acidic sophorolipids reduced tumour-associated gut bleed in a colorectal mouse model.

Graphical abstract
Reassessing the polyphase Neoproterozoic evolution of the Punta del Este Terrane, Dom Feliciano Belt, Uruguay
Authors: Silva Lara Hernan , Siegesmund S. , Oriolo S. , Hueck M. , Wemmer K. , Basei M. A. S. , Oyhantçabal P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSome recent models challenge the position and extension of the assumed oceanic basins formed through the break-up of Rodinia, and the tectonic processes involved in the Gondwana assembly, making the investigation of the Early Neoproterozoic record of great relevance. Within the South-American Atlantic margin, the Punta del Este Terrane (PET) of the Dom Feliciano Belt (DFB) comprises a unique Tonian to Ediacaran record, and has a strategic position to reconstruct spatio-temporal relationships with the southern African orogenic belts. Novel zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf data from the PET basement orthogneisses display Tonian magmatic ages (805–760 Ma) and Hf isotopic signatures indicative of mainly crustal/metasedimentary sources, (Nd TDM ages: 2.2–1.9 Ga, and εHf(t): − 12 to − 4). The basement paragneisses yielded late Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic U–Pb ages, but dominantly positive εHf(t) values. The presented results confirm the correlation of the PET with the Coastal Terrane of the Kaoko Belt, and discard the idea of the Nico Pérez Terrane as a source. Detrital zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf data from the Rocha Formation yielded a main peak at ca. 660 Ma, with the Neoproterozoic grains showing a εHf(t) between + 1 and + 14. The deposition age of the Rocha Formation is constrained by the youngest detrital zircon age peak (660 Ma), and the beginning of the deposition of the Sierra de Aguirre Formation (580 Ma). The data indicate common sources with the Marmora Terrane, and it is thus proposed that the Rocha Formation belongs to the Gariep Belt, and it was juxtaposed during the Ediacaran to the DFB.
Probabilistic prediction of rock avalanche runout using a numerical model
Authors: Aaron Jordan , McDougall Scott , Kowalski Julia , Mitchell Andrew , Nolde Natalia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRock avalanches can be a significant hazard to communities located in mountainous areas. Probabilistic predictions of the 3D impact area of these events are crucial for assessing rock avalanche risk. Semi-empirical, calibration-based numerical runout models are one tool that can be used to make these predictions. When doing so, uncertainties resulting from both noisy calibration data and uncertain governing movement mechanism(s) must be accounted for. In this paper, a back-analysis of a database of 31 rock avalanche case histories is used to assess both of these sources of uncertainty. It is found that forecasting results are dominated by uncertainties associated with the bulk basal resistance of the path material. A method to account for both calibration and mechanistic uncertainty is provided, and this method is evaluated using pseudo-forecasts of two case histories. These pseudo-forecasts show that inclusion of expert judgement when assessing the bulk basal resistance along the path can reduce mechanistic uncertainty and result in more precise predictions of rock avalanche runout.