bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic plasticity of the hypothalamic osmoregulatory control centre of the Arabian dromedary camel
Authors: Lin Panjiao , Gillard Benjamin , Pauza Audrys , Alvira-Iraizoz Fernando , Ali Mahmoud , Mecawi Andre , Alim Fatma , Romanova Elena , Burger Pamela , Greenwood Michael , ADEM ABDU , Murphy David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Water conservation is vital for life in the desert. The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) produces low volumes of highly concentrated urine, more so when water is scarce, to conserve body water. Two hormones, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT), both produced in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the core hypothalamic osmoregulatory control centre, are vital for this adaptive process, but the mechanisms that enable the camel SON to cope with osmotic stress are not known. To investigate the central control of water homeostasis in the camel, we first built three dimensional models of the camel SON based on the expression of the AVP and OXT mRNAs in order to facilitate sampling. We then compared the transcriptomes of the SON under control and WD conditions and identified genes that change in expression due to hyperosmotic stress. By comparing camel and rat datasets, we have identified common elements of the WD transcriptomic response network, as well as elements, such as extracellular matrix remodelling and upregulation of angiotensinogen expression, that appear to be unique to the dromedary camel and that may be essential adaptations necessary for life in the desert.
Medical studies in times of a pandemic – Concepts of digital teaching for Orthopaedics and Trauma at German universities
Authors: Mielke Anna-Maria , Mohamed Ghanem , Back David Alexander , Digitalisierung AG , Lehre AG , Fröhlich Susanne , Seemann Ricarda Johanna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, on-site classroom teaching became limited at most German medical universities. This caused a sudden demand for digital teaching concepts. How the transfer from classroom to digital teaching or digitally assisted teaching was conducted was decided by each university and/or department individually. As a surgical discipline, Orthopaedics and Trauma have a particular focus on hands-on teaching as well as direct contact to patients. Therefore, specific challenges in designing digital teaching concepts were expected to arise. Aim of this study was to evaluate medical teaching at German universities one year into the pandemic as well as to identify potentials and pitfalls in order to develop possible optimization approaches.Methods: A questionnaire with 17 items was designed and sent to the professors in charge of organising the teaching in Orthopaedics and Trauma at each medical university. A differentiation between Orthopaedics and Trauma was not made to allow a general overview. We collected the answers and conducted a qualitative analysis.Results: We received 24 replies. Each university reported a substantial reduction of their classroom teaching and efforts to transfer their teaching to digital formats. Three sites were able to switch to digital teaching concepts completely, whereas others tried to enable classroom and bedside teaching at least for students of higher edcuational levels.The online platforms used varied depending on the university as well as the format it was supposed to support. Conclusion: One year into the pandemic significant differences concerning the proportions of classroom and digital teaching for Orthopaedics and Trauma can be observed. Simultaneously huge differences in concepts used to create digital teaching are present. Since a complete suspense of classroom teaching was never mandatory, several universities developed hygiene concepts to enable hands-on and bedside teaching. Despite these differences, some similarities were observed: the lack of time and personnel to generate adequate teaching material was reported as the leading challenge by all participants of this study.
Intracranial, intratumoral implantation of drug-releasing microdevices in patients with high grade gliomas is feasible, safe, and may predict tumor response to systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Peruzzi Pierpaolo , Dominas Christine , Fell Geoffrey , Blitz Sarah , Bernstock Joshua , Dawood Hassan , Triggs Daniel , Ahn Sebastian , Bhagavatula Sharat , Tatarova Zuzana , Pannel Michael , Truman Kyla , Ball Anna , Chiocca E. , Ligon Keith , Wen Patrick , Jonas Oliver 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The lack of reliable predictive biomarkers to guide effective therapy is a major obstacle for the advancement of therapy for high grade gliomas (HGG), and particularly glioblastoma (GBM), one of the few cancers whose prognosis has not improved over the past several decades. With this pilot clinical trial we provide first in human evidence that drug-releasing intratumoral microdevices (IMD) can be safely and effectively used to obtain patient-specific, high throughput molecular and histopathological data to inform selection of drugs based on their observed antitumor effect in situ. The use of IMD is seamlessly integrated in standard surgical practice during tumor resection. None of the six enrolled patients experienced adverse events related to the IMD, and the retrieved tissue was usable for downstream analysis for 11 out of 12 retrieved specimens. Molecular analysis of the specimens provided, for the first time in humans, preliminary evidence of the robustness of the readout, with strong correlation between IMD analysis and clinic-radiological responses to temozolomide. From an investigational aspect, the amount of information obtained with IMD allows unprecedented characterization of tissue effects of any drugs of interest, within the physiological context of the intact tumor.
Identifying congenital generalized lipodystrophy using deep learning- DEEPLIPO
Authors: Olegario Natália Bitar da Cunha , Neto Joel Sotero da Cunha , Barbosa Paulo Cirillo Souza , Pinheiro Plácido Rogério , Landim Pedro Lino Azevêdo , Montenegro Ana Paula Dias Rangel , Fernandes Virginia Oliveira , de Albuquerque Victor Hugo Costa , Duarte João Batista Furlan , Lima Grayce Ellen da Cruz Paiva , Junior Renan Magalhães Montenegro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by near complete absence of functional adipose tissue from birth. CGL diagnosis can be based on clinical data including acromegaloid features, acanthosis nigricans, reduction of total body fat, muscular hypertrophy, and protrusion of the umbilical scar. The identification and knowledge of CGL by the health care professionals is crucial once it is associated with severe and precocious cardiometabolic complications and poor outcome. Image processing by deep learning algorithms have been implemented in medicine and the application into routine clinical practice is feasible. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify congenital generalized lipodystrophy phenotype using deep learning. A deep learning approach model using convolutional neural network was presented as a detailed experiment with evaluation steps undertaken to test the effectiveness. These experiments were based on CGL patient’s photography database. The dataset consists of two main categories (training and testing) and three subcategories containing photos of patients with CGL, individuals with malnutrition and eutrophic individuals with athletic build. A total of 337 images of individuals of different ages, children and adults were carefully chosen from internet open access database and photographic records of stored images of medical records of a reference center for inherited lipodystrophies. For validation, the dataset was partitioned into four parts, keeping the same proportion of the three subcategories in each part. The 4-fold cross-validation technique was applied, using 75% (3 parts) of the data as training and 25% (1 part) as a test. Following the technique, 4 tests were performed, changing the parts that were used as training and testing until each part was used exactly once as validation data. As a result, a mean accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were obtained with values ​​of [90.85% ± 2.20%], [90.63% ± 3.53%] and [91.41% ± 1.10%], respectively. In conclusion, this study presented for the first time a deep learning model able to identify congenital generalized lipodystrophy phenotype with excellent accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, possibly being a strategic tool for detecting this disease.
Heterospecific Immunity Help to Sustain an Effective BK-virus Immune Response and Prevent BK-virus-associated Nephropathy
Authors: Dekeyser Manon , de Herve Marie-Ghislaine de Goër , Hendel-chavez Houria , Boutin Emmanuelle , Herr Florence , Lhotte Romain , Taupin Jean-Luc , Taoufik Yassine , Durrbach Antoine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BK-virus-associated nephropathy (BKvAN) is a major complication in kidney transplant recipients, associated with a higher level of BK-virus (BKv) replication and leading to poor graft survival. In a large cohort of kidney transplant recipients with various BKv reactivation levels, we found that BKvAN was associated with a low BKv-specific memory CD8 T-cell functionality and an exhausted-like phenotype. This severe lymphocyte impairment was associated with a low level of class II HLA mismatches. In vitro experiments showed that allogeneic CD4 T cells partly restored BKv-specific memory CD8 T-cell responses. Our results suggest that in kidney transplant recipient, allogeneic CD4 T cells may provide a heterospecific help that maintain an effective BKv-specific memory CD8 T-cell response, and allows a better control of BKv replication in the kidney graft.
Frequency-swept feedback interferometry for non-cooperative-target ranging with the stand-off distance of hundred meters
Authors: Wang Yifan , Xu Xin , Dai Zongren , Hua Ziyu , Lin Chenxiao , Hou Yubin , Zhang Qian , Wang Pu , Tan Yidong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Frequency-swept interferometry (FSI) is a powerful ranging method with high precision and immunity to ambient light. However, the stand-off distance of the current FSI-based ranging system for non-cooperative targets is relatively short, because the weak echo power cannot provide the needed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Here, we report a ranging method combining FSI and the laser feedback technique. Compared with the conventional FSI, the interference between the weak echo signal and the local oscillator occurs in the laser cavity, which makes the signal enhanced spontaneously and then provides a satisfying SNR. In experiments, the detection limit of the echo power is less than 0.1fW, with 230µW output in total. Based on the enhancement from the laser feedback technique, the system achieves a non-cooperative target ranging hundreds of meters away in space without extra optical amplifiers. On the other hand, a large stand-off distance makes the system sensitive to environmental disturbance, which degrades the ranging precision. To correct it, a compensation device is proposed to correct the unwanted optical-path-length drifts. Owing to the high sensitivity and the validity of the compensation, the standard deviation in 10 measurements is better than 0.07mm, targeting an aluminum sheet at about 152m. Generally, hundred-meter range, high relative precision, and low photon consumption predict a novel technical scheme for laser ranging, and demonstrate new capabilities that promise to enable a wide range of scientific and industrial applications.
Mapping of Health Resources in Lower Manya Krobo Municipality in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Ansoumane BERETE , Enos Juliana , Acheampong Gideon , Augustine Kumah , Berete Karinkan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Variations in the distribution of health facilities have resulted in differences in health outcomes within the administrative districts of Ghana of which the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality (LMKM) is no exception. Aim: The primary objective of this study was to examine the distribution of health care resources in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods: A single case study approach was adopted, involving all health resources, facilities, and their supporting service centers in the LMKM. All functional health facilities in the municipality during the time of the study were included in the study. The study partly utilized records of generated coordinates using the Geo-positioning system (GPS) of other resources and services. Results: The Municipality had a total of 16 health facilities and 29 supporting centers. There were 285 clinical health workers in the municipality. Odumase and Akuse, had higher percentages of clinical health personnel. The population per single health worker ratio for the whole municipality was found to be 13201:1. Agomanya had the highest number of facilities and support centers. The population per health facility ratio was 15,086 per facility.Conclusion: The study demonstrated disparities in the distribution of health facilities across the municipality. There is a need to ensure the distribution of all health resources corresponds to the population size and the health needs of the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality.
A mathematical model and numerical simulation for SARS-CoV-2 dynamics
Authors: Amoddeo Antonino 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since its outbreak the corona virus-19 disease has been particularly aggressive for the lower respiratory tract, and lungs in particular. The dynamics of the abnormal immune response leading to lung damage with fatal outcomes is not yet fully understood. We present a mathematical model describing the dynamics of corona virus disease-19 starting from virus seeding inside the human respiratory tract, taking into account its interaction with the components of the innate immune system as classically and alternatively activated macrophages, interleukin-6 and-10. The numerical simulations have been performed for two different parameter values related to the pro-inflammatory interleukin, searching for a correlation among components dynamics during the early stage of infection, in particular pro-and anti-inflammatory polarizations of the immune response. We found that in the initial stage of infection the immune machinery is unable to stop or weaken the virus progression. Also an abnormal anti-inflammatory interleukin response is predicted, induced by the disease progression and clinically associated to tissue damages. The numerical results well reproduce experimental results found in literature.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Evaluating the Prognosis of Immunotherapy plus Antiangiogenic Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Hao , Chen Yao , Weng Xuezi , Li Sirou , Zhang Lin , Chen Peisong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: With the combination therapy of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody and antiangiogenic drugs used widely in clinic, a novel method to estimate the prognosis of patients is needed. We aimed to develop a nomogram to examine prognosis of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody plus bevacizumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods: We developed a nomogram using the cohort involving 204 NSCLC patients who treated with immunotherapy and anti-angiogenesis therapy. The nomogram was validated under the same conditions in another cohort with 69 patients. Prognostic factors were assessed using Cox regression analysis. The nomogram was internally validated using bootstrap resampling and then externally validated. Performance was assessed using concordance index, calibration curve and decision curve analysis. Clinical utility was evaluated using receiver operation characteristic curve.Results: Pleural metastasis (P=0.001, HR=2.980, 95%CI=1.521-5.837), ANC (P<0.001, HR=5.139, 95%CI=2.081-12.691), ALC (P=0.010, HR=0.331, 95%CI=0.142-0.771), B cells (P=0.005, HR=0.329, 95%CI=0.151-0.714), Treg cells (P=0.002, HR=2.934, 95%CI=1.478-5.826) were independent prognostic factors. The calibration curves showed a good consistency and the C-index of nomogram were 0.808, 0.741 in training and external validation cohort, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operation characteristic curves (ROC) are 0.833 (P<0.001) and 0.908 (P<0.001), respectively.Conclusion: We build an accurate and convenient nomogram to predict long-time overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 antibody and antiangiogenic drugs and validated this nomogram. The nomogram might be helpful to clinicians to estimate long-time OS of NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 antibody and antiangiogenic drugs.
[18F]F13640: a selective agonist PET radiopharmaceutical for imaging functional 5-HT1A receptors in humans
Authors: Courault Pierre , Lancelot Sophie , Costes Nicolas , Colom Matthieu , Bars Didier Le , Redoute Jérôme , Gobert Florent , Dailler Frédéric , Isal Sibel , Iecker Thibaut , Newman-Tancredi Adrian , Merida Inés , Zimmer Luc 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose:F13640 (a.k.a. befiradol, NLX-112) is a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor ligand that was selected as a PET radiopharmaceutical-candidate based on animal studies. Due to its high efficacy agonist properties, [18F]F13640 binds preferentially to functional 5-HT1A receptors, which are coupled to intracellular G-proteins. Here we characterize brain labeling of 5-HT1A receptors by [18F]F13640 in humans and describe a simplified model for its quantification.Methods:PET/CT and PET-MRI scans were conducted in a total of 13 healthy male volunteers (29 ± 9 years old), with arterial input functions (AIF) and test-retest protocol. Several kinetic models were compared (one tissue compartment model, two-tissue compartment model and Logan); two models with reference region were also evaluated: simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and the Logan reference model (LREF).Results:[18F]F13640 showed high uptake values in raphe nuclei and cortical regions. SRTM and LREF models showed excellent correlation with kinetic models using AIF. Considering test-retest parameters and the prolonged binding kinetics of [18F]F13640, better reproducibility and reliability were found with the LREF method. Cerebellum white matter and frontal lobe white matter stand out as suitable reference regions.Conclusion:The favorable brain labeling and kinetic profile of [18F]F13640, its high receptor specificity and its high efficacy agonist properties open new perspectives for studying functionally active 5-HT1A receptors, unlike previous radiopharmaceuticals that act as antagonists. [18F]F13640’s kinetic properties allow injection out of the PET scanner with delayed acquisitions, facilitating the design of innovative longitudinal protocols in neurology and psychiatry.Trial Registration EudraCT 2017-002722-21
DOA Estimation Algorithm Based on Spread Spectrum Sequence in Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Zhou Feng , Zhang Baosheng , Ji Xiaofeng , Li Xuanze 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Spread spectrum communication is a common communication method in underwater communication. Based on the space-time processor received by the array, it can filter the signals arriving along each path separately. Combined with the diversity of space-time clusters, it can effectively improve the communication system's reliability. The core problem of the space-time processor is the direction of arrival (DOA) and signal source number estimation. Based on the good self-coherence of the spread spectrum sequence. This paper proposes a multiple signal classification algorithm (MUSIC) for accurate DOA estimation. However, since the MUSIC algorithm uses the received signal’s covariance matrix for DOA estimation, the number of sources needs to be predicted in advance. Under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the signal eigenvalues and the noise eigenvalues of the covariance matrix differ slightly, which makes signal source number estimation difficult. To address this issue, a singular value decomposition method using the delay structure information of the array element is proposed to estimate the number of sources of the spreading sequence under a low SNR. Through simulation experiments, the effectiveness of our DOA estimation algorithm is validated under a low SNR.
Flap-making patterns and corneal characteristics influence OBL occurrence in FS-LASIK
Authors: He HEXI , Li Shi-Ming , Zhai Changbin , Zhang Li , Wang Yue , Song Xiumei , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of opaque bubble layer (OBL) during the creation of a laser in suit keratomileusis (LASIK) flap with the Visumax 500kHZ femtosecond laser for myopia correction.Methods: This prospective study included 167 eyes of 86 patients (mean age: 27.5±6.1 years) undergoing bilateral FS-LASIK for myopia/myopic astigmatism by the same surgeon from April 2020 to August 2020. Preoperative data on refraction, central corneal thickness (CCT), and keratometry as well as intraoperative data were included for analysis. A new flap-making pattern creating an offset between flap-cut and side-cut was adopted to compare with the traditional pattern. The operation video of flap formation was analyzed to identify the existence and type of OBL. The area covered by OBL and the ratio of OBL to flap were calculated using Image J software. Results: Among 167 eyes, 54 eyes (32.3%) developed OBLs, consisting of 31 as hard OBL coexisting with soft OBL, and 23 as soft OBL alone. The OBL incidence was significantly reduced in eyes with the new flap-making pattern compared with the traditional pattern (13.8% vs. 52.5%, P<0.001). Hard OBLs had larger area ratios than soft OBLs (14.3±8.3% vs. 1.1±1.8%, P<0.001). Univariate analyses revealed that eyes with more myopia, thicker CCT, and traditional flap-making patterns were more likely to develop OBLs. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that more myopia, thicker CCT, and traditional flap-making pattern were risk factors for OBLs. A Larger corneal diameter was associated with a higher incidence of hard OBL when applying the traditional flap-making process. Conclusion: More myopia, thicker CCT, and larger corneal diameter were risk factors for OBL development during flap creation, whereas a flap-making pattern with an offset between flap-cut and side-cut could reduce the incidence of OBL.