bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of innovative nanoadditives on biodigesters microbiome
Authors: Hassaneen Fatma Y. , Abdallah Rehab Z. , Abdallah Muhammed S. , Ahmed Nashaat , Abd Elaziz Shereen M. M. , El‐Mokhtar Mohamed A. , Badary Mohamed S. , Siam Rania , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) supplementation to biodigesters improves the digestibility of biowaste and the generation of biogas. This study investigates the impact of innovative nanoadditives on the microbiome of biodigesters. Fresh cow manure was anaerobically incubated in a water bath under mesophilic conditions for 30 days. Three different NPs (zinc ferrite, zinc ferrite with 10% carbon nanotubes and zinc ferrite with 10% C76 fullerene) were separately supplemented to the biodigesters at the beginning of the incubation period. Methane and hydrogen production were monitored daily. Manure samples were collected from the digesters at different time points and the microbial communities inside the biodigesters were investigated via real‐time PCR and 16 S rRNA gene amplicon‐sequencing. The results indicate that zinc ferrite NPs enhanced biogas production the most. The microbial community was significantly affected by NPs addition in terms of archaeal and bacterial 16 S rRNAgene copy numbers. The three ZF formulations NPs augmented the abundance of members within the hydrogenotrophic methanogenic phyla Methanobacteriaceae. While Methanomassiliicoccacaea were enriched in ZF/C76 supplemented biodigester due to a significant increase in hydrogen partial pressure, probably caused by the enrichment of Spirochaetaceae (genus Treponema). Overall, NPs supplementation significantly enriched acetate‐producing members within Hungateiclostridiaceae in ZF/CNTs, Dysgonomonadaceae in ZF and Spirochaetaceae ZF/C76 biodigesters.
Management‐Employee Alliance and Earnings Opacity*
Authors: Khurana Inder K. , Zhong Rong (Irene) 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe rise of stakeholder governance has triggered a wave of legal initiatives to strengthen the employee voice in firms. However, how managers trade off the competing objectives between shareholders and employees when making financial reporting decisions is not well understood. Exploiting staggered employment protection laws (EPLs) across 26 countries, we find that managers facing strong EPLs report more opaque earnings. Exploring the mechanism, we show that EPLs induce manager‐employee alliance: EPLs enhance employees' power to influence managers' private benefits and create an incentive for managers to treat employees more favorably, leading to an increase in manager‐employee reciprocal benefits. Further analysis shows that the alliance drives the increase in opacity following EPLs. Such alliance‐induced opacity impedes the ability of institutional shareholders to make timely adjustments to portfolio holdings in response to EPLs. Last, we identify several governance mechanisms that help break the manager‐employee nexus and restore reporting transparency. Overall, our study documents manager‐employee alliance as a potential cost of rigid labor laws and an important source of managerial reporting bias.
Fall risk factors in hospitalized bone marrow transplant patients: A systematic review
Authors: Turkoglu Nicole M. , Shang Jingjing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCertain types of cancer and treatment increase the risk of falls among cancer patients, particularly patients with hematologic cancer undergoing bone marrow transplant (BMT). Nurses are integral to preventing falls and maintaining patient safety. Understanding patients undergoing BMT fall risk factors may help nurses identify high fall risk patients and develop fall prevention interventions.PurposeThis systematic review aims to identify risk factors for falls among hospitalized adult patients receiving BMT treatment.MethodsGuided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses, a systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching databases PubMed and CINAHL. Study quality was evaluated using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool form (v1.4).FindingsAn initial search yielded 829 articles; six were included for final review after removing duplicates and screening for inclusion criteria: specific to patients undergoing BMT, measure fall outcome, in hospital, and original research. The identified risk factors include age of 65 and older, leukemia diagnosis, days of diarrhea, incontinence of urine or stool, increased pulse rate, muscle weakness, hypnotic, anxiolytic medication, recent steroid use, allogenic transplant, and post‐engraftment period.ConclusionsRisk factors for falls among patients undergoing BMT are multifactorial and are related to muscle weakness, medication administration, pulse rate, type of transplant, age, engraftment period, and bathroom use.Implications for nursingNurses providing care to patients undergoing BMT need to assess and increase nurse surveillance on allogeneic transplant patients, specifically those on anxiolytic, hypnotic, and steroid medications. Nurses providing care to patients undergoing BMT should implement more fall prevention strategies in patients undergoing BMT who develop diarrhea and urine or stool incontinence. Identifying specific patients undergoing BMT fall risk factors and applying multifaceted individualized fall prevention strategies has the potential to improve allogeneic transplant patient care and prevent fall‐related complications.
Ecology and phenology of the Dysderidae (Araneae) in the Djurdjura National Park (Algeria)
Authors: Chaib Salma , Kherbouche‐Abrous Ourida , Beladjal Lynda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ecology and phenology of the Dysderidae (Araneae) were investigated in two different sites (Tala‐Guilef and Tikjda), located at opposite slopes of the Djurdjura National Park in Algeria. The following questions were investigated: Are there any endemic species in the studied area? Do the slopes' orientation influence the abundance, richness and diversity of these spider communities? Are the activity and the vital cycle of the three most abundant species different in the two different plant physiognomies (cedar forests and alpine grasslands)? The Dysderidae were collected monthly for 2 years using pitfall traps. In total, 1532 specimens were collected: 333 males, 389 females and 381 juveniles in Tala‐Guilef and 230 males, 66 females and 133 juveniles in Tikjda. Among the total of 10 species sampled, three species belonging to three genera in Tala‐Guilef, 10 species belonging to four genera in Tikdja and four endemic species was recorded. The slope orientation influence the abundance and the species richness. The activity and the vital cycle of the three most abundant species were not different in the cedar forests and alpine grasslands. For these species, no relationship was found between the activity cycle and the vegetation physiognomy.
Differences in Immune phenotype in decidual tissue from multigravid women compared to primigravid women
Authors: Laskewitz Anne , Kieffer Tom. E. C. , van Benthem Karlijn L. , Erwich Jan Jaap H. M. , Faas Marijke M. , Prins Jelmer R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProblemWomen with a previous uncomplicated pregnancy have lower risks of immune‐associated pregnancy disorders in a subsequent pregnancy. This could indicate a different maternal immune response in multigravid women compared to primigravid women. In a previous study, we showed persistent higher memory T cell proportions with higher CD69 expression after uncomplicated pregnancies. To our knowledge no studies have reported on immune cells in general, and immune memory cells and macrophages specifically in multigravid and primigravid women.Method of studyT cells and macrophages were isolated from term decidua parietalis and decidua basalis tissue from healthy primigravid women (n = 12) and multigravid women (n = 12). Using flow cytometry, different T cell populations including memory T cells and macrophages were analyzed. To analyze whether a different immune phenotype is already present in early pregnancy, decidual tissue from uncomplicated ongoing pregnancies between 9 and 12 weeks of gestation from multigravida and primigravid women was investigated using qRT‐PCR.ResultsNearly all T cell subsets analyzed in the decidua parietalis had significantly higher CD69+ proportions in multigravid women compared to primigravid women. A higher proportion of decidual (CD50−) M2‐like macrophages was found in the decidua parietalis in multigravid women compared to primigravid women. In first trimester decidual tissue higher FOXP3 mRNA expression was found in multigravid women compared to primigravid women.ConclusionsThis study shows that decidual tissue from multigravid women has a more activated and immunoregulatory phenotype compared to decidual tissue from primigravid women in early pregnancy and at term which could suggest a more balanced immune adaptation towards pregnancy after earlier uncomplicated pregnancies.
Why we need more methods for male contraception
Authors: Nieschlag Eberhard , Nieschlag Susan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe US Supreme Court decision against abortion has once again triggered the call for male contraception. However, in addition to existing methods, there are further reasons why pharmacological reversible easy‐to‐use male contraception should be available. Green activists and environmentalists have to recognize that overpopulation consume resources. Medical progress results in increasing life expectancy and must be combined with contraception. Sharing the risks of contraception among partners and “Reproductive Autonomy for All” are ethical issues. The resistance of the pharmacological industry to becoming partners in male contraception must be overcome by public financial subsidies and popular demand.
A complete dissection of the whole testicular parenchyma is required in most patients with nonobstructive azoospermia to obtain enough good quality testicular spermatozoa for ICSI
Authors: Caroppo Ettore , Castiglioni Fabrizio , Nerva Franco , Colpi Elisabetta Maria , Gazzano Giacomo , Colpi Giovanni Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to the heterogeneous distribution of seminiferous tubules (STs) in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), retrieving enough good quality spermatozoa for ICSI may require a complete testicular dissection. According to the only available study in this field, spermatozoa may be found in the testis surface in 34.2% of patients, while a deeper testicular dissection is able to provide spermatozoa for ICSI in 28% of those without spermatozoa in the testis surface.ObjectivesTo determine the probability of finding enough spermatozoa for ICSI at the initial wide incision of the testis in a cohort of men with NOA undergoing microdissection testicular spermatozoa extraction (mTESE).Materials and methodsWe evaluated 276 patients, aged 37 (20–62) years, who underwent unilateral (86, 31.15%) or bilateral (190, 68.8%) mTESE from January 2018 through December 2021. During mTESE, the entire surface of the testicular parenchyma was explored first in search for dilated STs: if no/ not enough spermatozoa were retrieved, the deeper portion of the parenchyma was explored.ResultsSpermatozoa were retrieved in 137 patients (49.6%). Histopathology demonstrated Sertoli‐cell only syndrome in 65.6% of operated testes, while maturation arrest was found in 19.5%, hypospermatogenesis (HS) in 12.7%, and hyalinosis in 2%. Spermatozoa were obtained from the testis surface in 46 of 276 patients (16.6%), and after a complete dissection in 91 subjects (32.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, only the histopathological subcategory HS was predictive of the chance of retrieving spermatozoa from the surface of the testis (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.37–7.69, p = 0.007).DiscussionMost patients with NOA, particularly those with unfavorable histopathological patterns, require a complete dissection of the testicular parenchyma to obtain enough good quality for ICSI.ConclusionsBy enabling the complete exploration of the testicular parenchyma, mTESE is to be preferred to cTESE to retrieve spermatozoa in patients with NOA.
Electrographic lead I and V5 monitoring could have detected a missed left‐side pneumothorax intraoperatively
Authors: Lee Chihjen , Yumul Roya , Vongchaichinsri Colby , Tsai Kevin , Wang Lena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present an EKG monitoring strategy to detect pneumothorax during high‐risk surgery. In the literature, EKG changes and pneumothorax are well‐described. However, anesthesiologists only monitor lead II on a three‐lead EKG system in the operating room. In our case, there was only a subtle change in lead II for a left‐sided pneumothorax, which could have been easily missed. On the contrary, there was a marked QRS amplitude reduction and T wave flattening/inversion in lead I and V5. We recommend lead V5 be added to the continuous monitoring and lead I be periodically checked for surgeries known to potentially cause pneumothorax.
Youth and Decolonial Politics in a Relational Context
Authors: Gergan Mabel , Krishnan Sneha , Smith Sara , Young Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe lives of children and young people are conditioned in important ways by the imperial and colonial intimacies that have shaped our world. Yet, we know relatively little about how they encounter and comprehend the histories, legacies, and continuities of colonisation and racial capitalism, nor how this comes to shape their political orientations and practices. This article introduces a series of five papers that examine the everyday practices, reflections, and desires of young people in different parts of the world as they seek to understand where they fit in imperial constellations that cross generations, borders, and oceans.
Implementing infant and family‐centred developmental care: Exploring the impact of an innovative educational initiative
Authors: Gibbs Deanna , Warren Inga Marian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimEvidence‐based standards for infant and family‐centred developmental care are shaping neonatal care. However, the translation of theory and evidence into practice is challenging. This study aimed at exploring the mechanisms by which a structured learning and mentoring model influences the implementation of infant and family‐centred developmental care within neonatal practitioners' own clinical practice.MethodsThe study used a descriptive qualitative design. Five neonatal practitioners participated in semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis.ResultsThe qualitative analysis gave rise to four themes and nine subthemes. The four primary themes were motivation and preparedness for FINE 2; learning experiences during FINE 2; post‐training reflections and experiences; and anticipating the future.ConclusionNeonatal practitioners reported positive outcomes from their participation in relation to the development of their knowledge and skills, their performance of their clinical role and the influence on their relationships with other neonatal staff. Being adequately prepared for the programme in terms of managing the time demands, enabling peer support, the role of additional reading and ensuring realistic line management support were identified as important mechanisms for successful engagement and are being used to support further enhancements of the FINE 2 programme.
The socio‐economic impact of certification schemes in conflict‐affected regions: The case of arabica coffee in the Eastern DRC
Authors: Slosse Wannes , Buysse Jeroen , Schoors Koen , Godfroid Ivan , Boyen Michaela , D'Haese Marijke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe paper investigates the benefits of certification of cooperatives in conflict‐affected areas. We study whether and how certification may contribute to attenuate the impact of conflicts on the members of coffee cooperatives in the Eastern DRC. We use an inverse probability weighted difference‐in‐difference approach to study data collected between December 2017 and October 2019 from four NGO‐supported cooperatives. Two of these cooperatives got organic certification in 2018, of which one got an additional Small Producers Symbol (SPP) certification in 2018. Certified cooperatives allow Arabica coffee producers to access markets and buffer against drops in market prices. Results indicate that certified cooperatives were better able to resist the international price drop than non‐certified cooperatives and the alternative informal markets. The results also suggest that certified cooperative members increased their sales to the cooperative instead of turning to informal side‐selling. We find a decrease in reported food deficits by the members of certified cooperatives and an increase in the importance of coffee in their household's income. We conclude that certification is an effective way forward for smallholder coffee producers and cooperatives in unstable regions.
Role of natural mTOR inhibitors in treatment of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Noori Tayebeh , Sureda Antoni , Shirooie Samira 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common and complex problems in today's society and is responsible for many socio‐economic problems. Type 1 diabetes is due to a defect in insulin secretion caused by a destruction of pancreatic β cells. In contrast, the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is associated with the development of insulin resistance in the liver and peripheral tissues, a decrease in β‐cell mass, and a defect in insulin secretion. Various factors such as inflammation, stress, obesity, and lifestyle are involved in diabetes. Long‐term or chronic increase in glucose in these patients is the leading causes of secondary disorders such as micro‐ and macro‐angiopathy, weakness of the antioxidant defense system, and metabolic disorders and altered lipid profile. The above conditions lead to short‐term and long‐term complications. These complications cause damage to the physical and physiological function of diverse organs of the body and threaten human health. Late complications of diabetes, including nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, hypertension, and weight gain, are common, and more research has been done on them. Numerous drugs such as meglitinides, biguanides, and thiazolidinedione have been proposed to reduce high blood sugar, but due to the lack of complete cure of this disease with the use of existing drugs, the tendency to use alternative and traditional therapies has increased. In the meantime, the role of herbs with hypoglycemic properties in the treatment of diabetic patients cannot be ignored. The consumption of herbs by people with diabetes has become widespread even in Western countries. The use of herbs could be considered when conventional therapies cannot control the disease, and the patient needs to be prescribed insulin. The mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, plays a significant role in regulating cell growth, cellular metabolic status in response to nutrients, many extracellular cues, and growth factors. Impaired insulin secretion can lead to altered mTOR signaling. The mTOR pathway has shown different behaviors depending on the situation. It has been shown that mTOR can regulate the adaptation of β cells to blood sugar, and chronic inhibition of the mTOR pathway can also induce diabetes. Here, we have reviewed recent findings on the role of mTOR in major metabolic organs, such as the liver, pancreas, brain, and adipose tissue and muscle, and discussed its potential as a diabetes‐related drug target.
Global patterns and drivers of raptor phylogenetic and functional diversity
Authors: Montaño‐Centellas Flavia , Baiser Benjamin , McGrew Alicia , Trotta Lauren , Li Daijiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimRaptors, a highly threatened but ecologically important group of birds, have been recognized as a good proxy for overall biodiversity in conservation planning. However, previous work on raptor diversity focused predominantly on taxonomic diversity. Here, we assess the global patterns of raptor taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity and their association with current and historical environmental factors.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedRaptors.MethodsWe compiled information from distribution maps, global trait datasets and avian phylogenies for all extant raptors. We used generalized least squares (GLS) to assess the relationship between historical and contemporary environmental predictors and species richness, phylogenetic diversity [Faith's phylogenetic diversity index (Faith's PD), mean pairwise distance (MPD) and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD)] and functional diversity of traits related to raptor morphology, lifestyles, diet, foraging and vagility, while controlling for spatial autocorrelation.ResultsRaptor taxonomic diversity peaked in tropical regions and nearby mountain ranges. After controlling for species richness, species‐poor assemblages in high latitudes and deserts were more phylogenetically and functionally diverse than expected by chance. In species‐rich assemblages, diet and foraging traits had greater variation, whereas morphological traits had less variation than expected, suggesting that species packing promoted adaptive radiation in these assemblages. Historical climate influenced phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity of morphological, foraging and diet traits, leaving a signal of evolutionary history on modern assemblages. Human footprint was also an important driver of MPD and of niche and vagility trait functional diversity, with higher phylogenetic diversity in disturbed areas and with higher functional diversity in regions with intermediate levels of disturbance.Main conclusionsBoth palaeoclimate and contemporary environmental conditions are important drivers of raptor phylogenetic and functional diversity. We found large mismatches among taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, demonstrating how different processes filter lineages and species traits shaping raptor assemblages. Our results highlight the need to consider multiple dimensions of diversity to inform conservation planning better when using raptors as umbrella species.