bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in early childhood: a five-year longitudinal analysis of patterns and correlates
Authors: Bergqvist-Norén Linnea , Hagman Emilia , Xiu Lijuan , Marcus Claude , Hagströmer Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge on longitudinal patterns and related factors of young children’s physical activity (PA) is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine patterns and changes of accelerometer-measured PA over time in two to six-year-old children. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate if parental PA, socioeconomic status, sex, weight status, and motor skills are related to child PA over time, using prospective cohort data from a clustered randomized controlled trial.MethodsOne hundred and six children (52% girls) and their parents had PA measured yearly from age two to six with an Actigraph GT3X. The actigraph was worn on the non-dominant wrist for one week; anthropometric data and motor skills, as well as background information, was collected simultaneously. The outcome was counts per minute from the vector magnitude, and linear mixed-effect models were used to answer the research questions.ResultsAmong the children, accelerometer-measured PA increased on average by 11% per year from two years of age (mean 3170 cpm (3007-3334 95% CI)) onwards to six years of age (mean 4369 cpm (4207-4533 95% CI)). From three years of age, children were more active on weekdays than on weekend days. The rate of difference varied across low, medium, and highly active children (based on tertiles). No significant differences in weekdays/weekend PA among the lowest active children was found. Despite this, they were still significantly less active on weekend days than the most active children. Maternal, but not paternal PA was found to be significantly positively related to child PA over time, with a medium to large effect size. But no significant relationships were found between child PA and sex, weight status, or socioeconomic status.ConclusionsPA increased on average with 11% per year, similarly for boys and girls. From three years of age children were more active during weekdays than weekend days. These results indicate that child PA benefits from active stimulation by parents and care takers already from early ages. It is important to identify attributes of possible intervention designs for weekend days for families with young children as well as characterize the least active children.Trial registrationEarly STOPP was prospectively registered in the clinical trials registry:clinicaltrials.gov, IDNCT01198847
Development of a multiplex droplet digital PCR assay for detection of enterovirus, parechovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 simultaneously for diagnosis of viral CNS infections
Authors: Zhu Xunhua , Liu Pengcheng , Lu Lijuan , Zhong Huaqing , Xu Menghua , Jia Ran , Su Liyun , Cao Lingfeng , Sun Yameng , Guo Meijun , Sun Jianyue , Xu Jin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Enterovirus (EV), parechovirus (HPeV), herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV1/2) are common viruses leading to viral central nervous system (CNS) infections which are increasingly predominant but exhibit deficiency in definite pathogen diagnosis with gold-standard quantitative PCR method. Previous studies have shown that droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has great potential in pathogen detection and quantification, especially in low concentration samples.

Methods
Targeting four common viruses of EV, HPeV, HSV1, and HSV2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we developed a multiplex ddPCR assay using probe ratio-based multiplexing strategy, analyzed the performance, and evaluated it in 97 CSF samples collected from patients with suspected viral CNS infections on a two-channel ddPCR detection system.

Results
The four viruses were clearly distinguished by their corresponding fluorescence amplitude. The limits of detection for EV, HPeV, HSV1, and HSV2 were 5, 10, 5, and 10 copies per reaction, respectively. The dynamic range was at least four orders of magnitude spanning from 2000 to 2 copies per reaction. The results of 97 tested clinical CSF specimens were identical to those deduced from qPCR/qRT-PCR assays using commercial kits.

Conclusion
The multiplex ddPCR assay was demonstrated to be an accurate and robust method which could detect EV, HPeV, HSV1, and HSV2 simultaneously. It provides a useful tool for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring of viral CNS infections.
Research on anthracnose grade of Camellia oleifera based on the combined LIBS and THz technology
Authors: Bin Li , Qiu Wang , Chao-hui Zhan , Zhao-yang Han , Hai Yin , Jun Liao , Yan-de Liu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Anthracnose of Camellia oleifera is a very destructive disease that commonly occurs in the Camellia oleifera industry, which severely restricts the development of the Camellia oleifera industry. In the early stage of the Camellia oleifera suffering from anthracnose, only the diseased parts of the tree need to be repaired in time. With the aggravation of the disease, the diseased branches need to be eradicated, and severely diseased plants should be cut down in time. At present, aiming at the problems of complex experiments and low accuracy in detecting the degree of anthracnose of Camellia oleifera, a method is proposed to detect the degree of anthracnose of Camellia oleifera leaves by using terahertz spectroscopy (THz) combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), so as to realize the rapid, efficient, non-destructive and high-precision determination of the degree of anthracnose of Camellia oleifera.

Results
Mn, Ca, Ca II, Fe and other elements in the LIBS spectrum of healthy and infected Camellia oleifera leaves with different degrees of anthracnose are significantly different, and the Terahertz absorption spectra of healthy Camellia oleifera leaves, and Camellia oleifera leaves with different degrees of anthracnose there are also significant differences. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are used to establish the fusion spectrum anthracnose classification model of Camellia oleifera. Among them, the Root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and the prediction determination coefficient R2p of THz-LIBS-CARS-PLS-DA of prediction set are 0.110 and 0.995 respectively, and the misjudgment rate is 1.03%; The accuracy of the modeling set of THz (CARS)-LIBS (CARS)-SVM is 100%, and the accuracy of prediction set is 100%, after preprocessing of the multivariate scattering correction (MSC), the accuracy of the THz-LIBS-MSC-CARS modeling set is 100%, and the accuracy of prediction set is 100%; The accuracy rate of THz-LIBS-MSC-CARS-LDA of modeling set is 98.98%, and the accuracy rate of the prediction set is 96.87%.

Conclusion
The experimental results show that: the SVM model has higher qualitative analysis accuracy and is more stable than the PLS-DA and LDA models. The results showed that: the THz spectrum combined with the LIBS spectrum could be used to separate healthy Camellia oleifera leaves from various grades of anthracnose Camellia oleifera leaves non-destructively, quickly and accurately.
Organellar microcapture to extract nuclear and plastid DNA from recalcitrant wood specimens and trace evidence
Authors: Costa Adriana , Giraldo Giovanny , Bishell Amy , He Tuo , Kirker Grant , Wiedenhoeft Alex C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Illegal logging is a global crisis with significant environmental, economic, and social consequences. Efforts to combat it call for forensic methods to determine species identity, provenance, and individual identification of wood specimens throughout the forest products supply chain. DNA-based methodologies are the only tools with the potential to answer all three questions and the only ones that can be calibrated “non-destructively” by using leaves or other plant tissue and take advantage of publicly available DNA sequence databases. Despite the potential that DNA-based methods represent for wood forensics, low DNA yield from wood remains a limiting factor because, when compared to other plant tissues, wood has few living DNA-containing cells at functional maturity, it often has PCR-inhibiting extractives, and industrial processing of wood degrades DNA. To overcome these limitations, we developed a technique—organellar microcapture—to mechanically isolate intact nuclei and plastids from wood for subsequent DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing.

Results
Here we demonstrate organellar microcapture wherein we remove individual nuclei from parenchyma cells in wood (fresh and aged) and leaves of Carya ovata and Tilia americana, amyloplasts from Carya wood, and chloroplasts from kale (Brassica sp.) leaf midribs. ITS (773 bp), ITS1 (350 bp), ITS2 (450 bp), and rbcL (620 bp) were amplified via polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and heuristic searches against the NCBI database were used to confirm that recovered DNA corresponded to each taxon.

Conclusion
Organellar microcapture, while too labor-intensive for routine extraction of many specimens, successfully recovered intact nuclei from wood samples collected more than sixty-five years ago, plastids from fresh sapwood and leaves, and presents great potential for DNA extraction from recalcitrant plant samples such as tissues rich in secondary metabolites, old specimens (archaeological, herbarium, and xylarium specimens), or trace evidence previously considered too small for analysis.
Gastrointestinal Kohlmeier–Degos disease: a narrative review
Authors: Sattler Samantha S. , Magro Cynthia M. , Shapiro Lee , Merves Jamie F. , Levy Rebecca , Veenstra Jesse , Patel Puraj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Kohlmeier-Degos (K-D) disease is a rare obliterative vasculopathy that can present as a benign cutaneous form or with potentially malignant systemic involvement. The gastrointestinal tract is most frequently involved in systemic disease and mortality is often related to bowel perforations. Herein, we provide information to providers and patients regarding gastrointestinal K-D symptomology, pathology, treatment, and diagnosis, with a focus on the importance of timely diagnostic laparoscopy. We present three new cases of gastrointestinal K-D to highlight varying disease presentations and outcomes.

Body
Based on reviewed reports, perforation is preceded by at least one gastrointestinal symptom: abdominal pain/cramping, anorexia/weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, gastrointestinal bleeding, obstipation, constipation, and abdominal fullness. Perforation most commonly occurs in the small intestine and often results in sepsis and death. Although underutilized, laparoscopy is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic technique, demonstrating serosal porcelain plaques similar to those on the skin and characteristic for K–D. The combination of eculizumab and treprostinil is presently the most effective treatment option for gastrointestinal K–D. The pathology of gastrointestinal K-D is characterized by an obliterative intimal arteriopathy eventuating in occlusive acellular deposits of mucin and collagen along with an extravascular pauci-cellular sclerosing process resembling scleroderma confined to the subserosal fat. C5b-9 and interferon-alpha are both expressed in all caliber of vessels in the affected intestine. While C5b-9 blockade does not prevent the intimal expansion, enhanced type I interferon signaling is likely a key determinant to intimal expansion by, causing an influx of monocytes which transdifferentiate into procollagen-producing myofibroblast-like cells.

Conclusion
Prompt laparoscopic evaluation is necessary in any K–D patient with an abdominal symptom to facilitate diagnosis and treatment initiation, as well as to hopefully decrease mortality. Those with gastrointestinal K–D should start on eculizumab as soon as possible, as onset of action is immediate.
Cardiovascular complications and outcomes among athletes with COVID-19 disease: a systematic review
Authors: Alosaimi Bandar , AlFayyad Isamme , Alshuaibi Salman , Almutairi Ghazwaa , Alshaebi Nawaf , Alayyaf Abdulaziz , Alturaiki Wael , Shah Muhammad Azam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Current evidence still emerging regarding the risk of cardiovascular (CV) sequel associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and considerable replicated studies are needed to ensure safe return-to-play. Therefore, we aimed in this systematic review to measure the prevalence of CV complications suffered by COVID-19 athletic patients, explore the outcomes, optimal approaches to diagnoses, and safe return-to-play considerations.

Methods
A systematic search on post COVID-19 infection quantitative studies among athletes was conducted following MeSH terms in Medline, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase and Scopus (through 15 January 2022). We included peer-reviewed studies reported athletes’ CV complications and the outcomes post COVID-19 infection. Editorials, letters, commentaries, and clinical guidelines, as well as duplicate studies were excluded. Studies involving non-athletic patients were also excluded. Quality assessment was performed using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results
We included 15 eligible articles with a total of 6229 athletes, of whom 1023 were elite or professional athletes. The prevalence of myocarditis ranged between 0.4% and 15.4%, pericarditis 0.06% and 2.2%, and pericardial effusion between 0.27% and 58%. Five studies reported elevated troponin levels (0.9-6.9%).

Conclusions
This study provides a low prevalence of CV complications secondary to COVID-19 infection in short-term follow-up. Early recognition and continuous assessment of cardiac abnormality in competitive athletes are imperative to prevent cardiac complications. Establishing a stepwise evaluation approach is critical with an emphasis on imaging techniques for proper diagnosis and risk assessment for a safe return to play.
Does the time of day differently impact the effects of an exercise program on postural control in older subjects? A pilot study
Authors: Noé Frédéric , Korchi Karim , Bru Noëlle , Paillard Thierry 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The time of day that people exercise can potentially influence the efficiency of exercises for fall prevention in older adults. The present pilot study was conducted to explore the feasibility and effects of morning versus afternoon exercising on postural control in institutionalized older adults.

Methods
Nine older adults completed a 3-month multimodal exercise program in its entirety (14 participants were recruited at the beginning and were initially randomly separated into two groups). One group exercised in the morning (ME; n = 4) and the other in the afternoon (AE; n = 5). Postural control was assessed with a force platform at pre and post-intervention at the following times: 8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.

Results
Postural control significantly improved only in the AE group post-intervention. Improvements in postural control in the AE group were mainly observed in the morning.

Conclusions
The afternoon would be the best period to implement exercise sessions dedicated to improve postural control in older subjects with benefits mainly observed in the morning. Further studies are needed with a larger sample in order to confirm these results.
The association between preoperative Mini-Cog© score and postoperative delirium (POD): a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fiamanya S. , Ma S. , Yates D. R. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The onset of delirium after major surgery is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes for major surgical patients. Best practice recommends assessing surgical patients for delirium risk factors and this includes screening for cognitive impairment. The Mini-Cog© is a short instrument which has been shown to predict postoperative delirium (POD) and other complications in elderly patients undergoing major elective surgery. The primary aim of this study was to ascertain whether a positive preoperative Mini-Cog© is associated with postoperative delirium in elective colorectal surgery patients at high-risk of mortality due to age or comorbidity. Secondary outcomes were 90-day mortality and length of stay.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of data gathered prospectively between October 2015 and December 2017. Baseline data were collected at a preoperative screening clinic, and postoperative data during daily ward rounds by the Perioperative Medicine team at The York Hospital.

Results
Three hundred nineteen patients were included in the final analysis, of which 52 (16%) were found to be cognitively impaired on the Mini-Cog©. Older patients (median difference 10 years, p < 0.001) and patients with cognitive impairment (OR 3.04, 95%CI 1.15 to 8.03, p = 0.019) were more likely to develop postoperative delirium in univariate analysis; however, cognitive impairment (OR 0.492, 95%CI 0.177 to 1.368, p = 0.174) loses its significance when controlled for by confounding factors in a logistic regression model. Cognitive impairment (OR 4.65, 95%CI 1.36 to 15.9, p = 0.02), frailty (OR 7.28, 95%CI 1.92 to 27.58, p = 0.009), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade (OR 5.95, 95%CI 1.54 to 22.94, p = 0.006) and age (median difference 10 years, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with 90-day mortality in univariate analysis. Sex was the only factor significantly associated with length of stay in the multiple regression model, with males having a 3-day longer average length of stay than females (OR = 2.94, 95%CI 0.10–5.78).

Conclusions
Mini-Cog© is not independently associated with post-operative delirium in high-risk elective colorectal surgery patients in this cohort. Mini-Cog© shows promise as a possible predictor of 90-day mortality. Larger studies exploring preoperative cognitive status and postoperative confusion and mortality could improve risk-stratification for surgery and allocation of resources to those patients at higher risk.
(Re)politicization of climate change mitigating projects: environmental forms and motives of the Seine Nord Europe canal
Authors: Petitimbert Rémy , Bouleau Gabrielle , Guimont Clémence 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change adaptation and mitigation strategies are gaining visibility and support. Decision-makers are defending the extension of large infrastructures that are low greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, as a way to act quickly and massively without calling into question existing economic models. This situation depoliticizes these projects, masking their other ecological consequences such as their impacts on biodiversity. This article examines how promoters of these projects depoliticized its socio-technical futures while other actors re-politicized them. Using the example of the Seine Nord Europe Canal project, we show a politicization of the territorial future and a depoliticization of the environmental future. This depoliticization is based on the techno-optimist discourse promoting large-scale infrastructures as the only possible solution to the global ecological and climate crisis. It uses a selective framing of the environment that makes some elements visible and others invisible. We conducted semi-structured interviews with biodiversity stakeholders in the territories that would be impacted by the canal. Based on the concepts of environmental forms and motives, we reconstructed the environmental ontologies ignored by the dominant discourse and assembled them into three alternative scenarios. We present the method of investigation and identification of these motives and discuss the likelihood of the constructed scenarios participating in a re-politicization based on the reactions of various actors.
Shine a light on papyrus: monitoring the aging process
Authors: Bausch Florian , Owusu Dickson D. , Graf Jörg , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aging behavior of ancient papyri is not entirely understood, although such understanding is crucial for tailored conservation concepts to preserve these precious historical documents for the millennia to come. In a study on accelerated aging, the effect of light on papyrus sheets was studied, and the consequences were monitored by a combination of non-invasive and invasive techniques. Papyrus sheets were aged for two months at 90 °C and 50% relative humidity, with and without the influence of light. Changes at the optical, mechanical, and molecular levels were monitored using CIELAB color measurements, tensile tests, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and size exclusion chromatography—multi angle light scattering (SEC-MALS). Light exposure has severe consequences for the optical and mechanical properties of papyri, reflected by a strong decrease in cellulose chain length and tensile strength. SEC-MALS proved to be the best method to assess the conservation status of papyri due to its clear results and low sample demand. This publication seeks to highlight the effects of light-induced degradation of papyri and to facilitate an understanding of the underlying aging mechanisms, to support in future conservation measures.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of Amylose-Amylopectin Ratio of Starches on the Mechanical Strength and Stability of Acetylsalicylic Acid Tablets
Authors: Veronica Natalia , Liew Celine Valeria , Heng Paul Wan Sia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe two main components of starch — amylose and amylopectin, are responsible for its interaction with moisture. This study investigated how moisture sorption properties of the starches with different amylose-amylopectin ratio impacted tablet properties including drug stability. The starch samples were equilibrated to 33, 53, and 75% relative humidity (RH) and then assessed for tabletability, compactibility, and yield pressure. Effect of humidity on viscoelastic recovery was also evaluated. Tabletability and compactibility of high-amylose starch were better than that of high-amylopectin starch at 33 and 53% RH. However, at 75% RH, the reverse was observed. In terms of yield pressure, high-amylose starch had lower yield pressure than high-amylopectin starch. High-amylose starch tablets also exhibited lower extent of viscoelastic recovery than high-amylopectin starch tablets. The variations in the tableting properties were found to be related to relative locality of the sorbed moisture. Degradation of acetylsalicylic acid in high-amylose starch tablets at 75% RH, 40°C was less than the tablets with high-amylopectin starch. This observation could be attributed to the greater amount of water molecules binding sites in high-amylose starch. Furthermore, most of the sorbed moisture of high-amylose starch was internally absorbed moisture, therefore limiting the availability of diffusible sorbed moisture for degradation reaction. Findings from this study could provide better insights on the influence of amylose-amylopectin ratio on tableting properties and stability of moisture-sensitive drugs. This is of particular importance as starch is a common excipient in solid dosage forms.