bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleohistological inferences of thermometabolic regimes in Notosuchia (Pseudosuchia: Crocodylomorpha) revisited
Authors: Cubo Jorge , Aubier Paul , Faure-Brac Mathieu G. , Martet Gaspard , Pellarin Romain , Pelletan Idriss , Sena Mariana V. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNotosuchia is a group of mostly terrestrial crocodyliforms. The presence of a prominent crest overhanging the acetabulum, slender straight-shafted long bones with muscular insertions close to the joints, and a stable knee joint suggests that they had an erect posture. This stance has been proposed to be linked to endothermy, because it is present in mammals and birds and contributes to the efficiency of their respiratory systems. However, a bone paleohistological study unexpectedly suggested that Notosuchia were ectothermic organisms. The thermophysiological status of Notosuchia deserves further analysis, because the methodology of the previous study can be improved. First, it was based on a relationship between red blood cell size and bone vascular canal diameter tested using 14 extant tetrapod species. Here we present evidence for this relationship using a more comprehensive sample of extant tetrapods (31 species). Moreover, contrary to previous results, bone cross-sectional area appears to be a significant explanatory variable (in addition to vascular canal diameter). Second, red blood cell size estimations were performed using phylogenetic eigenvector maps, and this method excludes a fraction of the phylogenetic information. This is because it generates a high number of eigenvectors requiring a selection procedure to compile a subset of them to avoid model overfitting. Here we inferred the thermophysiology of Notosuchia using phylogenetic logistic regressions, a method that overcomes this problem by including all of the phylogenetic information and a sample of 46 tetrapods. These analyses suggest thatAraripesuchus wegeneri,Armadillosuchus arrudai,Baurusuchussp.,Iberosuchus macrodon, andStratiotosuchus maxhechtiwere ectothermic organisms.
The future of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales: A reflection on seven pressing matters
Authors: Montag Christian , Solms Mark , Stelzel Christine , Davis Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) were designed to provide researchers in the mental sciences with an inventory to assess primary emotional systems according to Pankseppian Affective Neuroscience Theory (ANT). The original ANPS, providing researchers with such a tool, was published in 2003. In the present brief communication, about 20 years later, we reflect upon some pressing matters regarding the further development of the ANPS. We touch upon problems related to disentangling traits and states of the primary emotional systems with the currently available versions of the ANPS and upon its psychometric properties and its length. We reflect also on problems such as the large overlap between the SADNESS and FEAR dimensions, the disentangling of PANIC and GRIEF in the context of SADNESS, and the absence of a LUST scale. Lastly, we want to encourage scientists with the present brief communication to engage in further biological validation of the ANPS.
When Legal Fundamentalism Meets Political Justice: The Case of Poland
Authors: Koncewicz Tomasz Tadeusz 
Published: September 2022

To Professor Martin Shapiro, With friendship, gratitude, and admirationThe ruling of 22 October 2020 concerning termination of pregnancy in Case K 1/20, handed down by the body once known as the Polish Constitutional Court, has devastated the legal and social landscape in Poland. The decision ruled as unconstitutional the provision that allowed medically assisted termination in cases where prenatal screening or other medical considerations indicated a high probability of a severe and irreversible abnormality or an incurable disease of the fetus. This analysis argues that the ruling is the most serious attempt to discredit and humiliate the Polish Constitution of 1997, and stands as the ultimate proof of weaponising judicial review. The argument will be made that if one wishes to understand the extent of the capture of independent institutions by the ruling majority, the ruling under consideration must be read and considered in the light of a more general context. Only by going beyond and contextualising it, can one grasp the extent to which the constitutional profile of a state has been altered by methods of unconstitutional capture. The analysis argues that once we contextualise the ruling and view it in a more systemic light, there are important systemic signposts that will help to explain how we arrived here and, more importantly, what is next. These signposts, in turn, contain a cautionary tale of the institutional fragility that is relevant for liberal democracies.
On Gregariousness
Authors: Costa Jonas Faria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere seems to be a difference between drinking coffee alone at home and drinking coffee in a café. Yet, drinking coffee in a café is not a joint action. It is an individual action done in a social environment. The café, with each person minding their own business next to others, is what I call a gregarious state of affairs. Gregariousness refers to the warmth of the social world. It is the difference between studying alone at home and studying in the library. This light form of sociality is precisely what we were deprived of during the coronavirus lockdowns. Gregariousness cannot be explained as interaction or coordination, and neither can it be grasped solely as a normative aspect of the environment. This is why gregariousness cannot be explained using the concepts of strategic equilibrium, shared planning agency, joint commitment, we-intention, or second-person standpoint. In this paper, I will also provide a prospective theory of gregariousness. The aim of this paper is not to provide a definitive theory of gregariousness, nor to demonstrate that other theories of joint action are incorrect, but rather to draw attention to this aspect of the social world that has been largely neglected.
Rethinking Acts of Conscience: Personal Integrity, Civility, and the Common Good
Authors: Garcia Ernesto V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat should we think about ‘acts of conscience’, viz., cases where our personal judgments and public authority come into conflict such that principled resistance to the latter seems necessary? Philosophers mainly debate two issues: theAccommodation Question, i.e., ‘When, if ever, should public authority accommodate claims of conscience?’ and theJustification Question, i.e., ‘When, if ever, are we justified in engaging in acts of conscience – and why?’. By contrast, a third important topic – theConduct Question, i.e., ‘How should we act, morally speaking, when engaging in acts of conscience?’ – has been mostly neglected. This paper aims to offer concrete guidance for persons wishing to engage in acts of conscience in morally virtuous ways. I argue that such agents are subject to two basicprima facieduties: (i) duties to oneself related to demands of integrity and (ii) duties to others related to demands of civility. I explain both duties in detail, arguing with regard to (i), that in light of what I call ‘the paradox of conscience’, we need to rethink our views about both ‘conscience’ and ‘integrity’; and with regard to (ii), that, building upon Rawls’ ‘duty of civility’, we should embrace at least seven general principles for undertaking acts of conscience in a morally conscientious manner.
Lower Urban Humidity Moderates Outdoor Heat Stress
Authors: Chakraborty T. , Venter Z. S. , Qian Y. , Lee X. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurface temperature is often used to examine heat exposure in multi‐city studies and for informing urban heat mitigation efforts due to scarcity of urban air temperature measurements. Cities also have lower relative humidity, traditionally not accounted for in large‐scale observational urban heat risk assessments. Here, using crowdsourced measurements from over 40,000 weather stations in ≈600 urban clusters in Europe, we show the moderating effect of this urbanization‐induced humidity reduction on outdoor heat stress during the 2019 heatwave. We demonstrate that daytime differences in heat index between urban clusters and their surroundings are weak, and associations of this urban‐rural difference with background climate, generally examined from the surface temperature perspective, are diminished due to moisture feedbacks. We also examine the spatial variability of surface temperature, air temperature, and heat index within these clusters—relevant for detecting hotspots and potential disparities in heat exposure—and find that surface temperature is a poor proxy for the intra‐urban distribution of heat index during daytime. Finally, urban vegetation shows much weaker (∼1/6th as strong) associations with heat index than with surface temperature, which has broad implications for optimizing urban heat stress mitigation strategies. These findings are valid for operational metrics of heat stress for shaded conditions (apparent temperature and humidex), thermodynamic proxies (wet‐bulb temperature), and empirical heat indices. Based on this large‐scale empirical evidence, surface temperature, used due to the lack of better alternatives, may not be suitable for accurately informing heat mitigation strategies within and across cities, necessitating more urban‐scale observations and better urban‐resolving models.
Sediment Release in the Benguela Upwelling System Dominates Trace Metal Input to the Shelf and Eastern South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Liu Te , Krisch Stephan , Xie Ruifang C. , Hopwood Mark J. , Dengler Marcus , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUpwelling of subsurface waters injects macronutrients (fixed N, P, and Si) and micronutrient trace metals (TMs) into surface waters supporting elevated primary production in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Regions. The eastern South Atlantic features a highly productive shelf sea transitioning to a low productivity N‐Fe (co)limited open ocean. Whilst a gradient in most TM concentrations is expected in any off‐shelf transect, the factors controlling the magnitude of cross‐shelf TM fluxes are poorly constrained. Here, we present dissolved TM concentrations of Fe, Co, Mn, Cd, Ni, and Cu within the Benguela Upwelling System from the coastal section of the GEOTRACES GA08 cruise. Elevated dissolved Fe, Co, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cu and macronutrient concentrations were observed near shelf sediments. Benthic sources supplied 2.22 ± 0.99 μmol Fe m−2 day−1, 0.05 ± 0.03 μmol Co m−2 day−1, 0.28 ± 0.11 μmol Mn m−2 day−1 and were found to be the dominant source to shallow shelf waters compared to atmospheric depositions. Similarly, off‐shelf transfer was a more important source of TMs to the eastern South Atlantic Ocean compared to atmospheric deposition. Assessment of surface (shelf, upper 200 m) and subsurface (shelf edge, 200–500 m) fluxes of Fe and Co indicated TM fluxes from subsurface were 2–5 times larger than those from surface into the eastern South Atlantic Ocean. Under future conditions of increasing ocean deoxygenation, these fluxes may increase further, potentially contributing to a shift toward more extensive regional limitation of primary production by fixed N availability.
Using Principal Component Analysis of Satellite and Ground Magnetic Data to Model the Equatorial Electrojet and Derive Its Tidal Composition
Authors: Soares Gabriel , Yamazaki Yosuke , Morschhauser Achim , Matzka Jürgen , Pinheiro Katia J. , Stolle Claudia , Alken Patrick , Yoshikawa Akimasa , Hozumi Kornyanat , Kulkarni Atul , Supnithi Pornchai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe intensity of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) shows temporal and spatial variability that is not yet fully understood nor accurately modeled. Atmospheric solar tides are among the main drivers of this variability but determining different tidal components and their respective time series is challenging. It requires good temporal and spatial coverage with observations, which, previously could only be achieved by accumulating data over many years. Here, we propose a new technique for modeling the EEJ based on principal component analysis (PCA) of a hybrid ground‐satellite geomagnetic data set. The proposed PCA‐based model (PCEEJ) represents the observed EEJ better than the climatological EEJM‐2 model, especially when there is good local time separation among the satellites involved. The amplitudes of various solar tidal modes are determined from PCEEJ based tidal equation fitting. This allows to evaluate interannual and intraannual changes of solar tidal signatures in the EEJ. On average, the obtained time series of migrating and nonmigrating tides agree with the average climatology available from earlier work. A comparison of tidal signatures in the EEJ with tides derived from neutral atmosphere temperature observations show a remarkable correlation for nonmigrating tides such as DE3, DE2, DE4, and SW4. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain a meaningful EEJ spectrum related to solar tides for a relatively short time interval of 70 days.
The Impact of Incremental Analysis Update on Regional Simulations for Typhoons
Authors: Ge Yangjinxi , Lei Lili , Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Tan Zhe‐Min 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe analyses produced by intermittent data assimilation methods can be dynamically inconsistent and unbalanced. By gradually distributing the analysis increment along model integration, the incremental analysis update (IAU) is effective to combat the inconsistences and imbalances. Different implementations of IAU with time constant or time‐varying increments using different increment frequencies are systematically evaluated for regional simulations, especially for fast‐moving typhoons. Results show that experiments with IAU generally produce smaller forecast errors of temperature, specific humidity, and wind speed than experiment CTRL without initialization. Three‐dimensional IAUs (3DIAUs) with time‐constant increments have smaller errors than four‐dimensional IAUs (4DIAUs) with time‐varying increments interpolated from 3‐hr and hourly increments. Thus, for regional simulations, 3DIAU that imposes stronger filtering has advantages over 4DIAUs with different increment frequencies. For two typhoon cases, experiments with IAU obtain better intensity and structure of vortex than experiment CTRL; thus, the application of IAU can better retain the observation information and build the improved TC structure. But due to the displacement errors in priors and posteriors, the advantage of 4DIAU that considers the propagation of increment is limited compared to 3DIAU. As a trade‐off between the filtering and time‐varying increment, 4DIAU with 3‐hr increment that considers time‐varying increments compared to 3DIAU but imposes stronger filtering than 4DIAU with hourly increment could be preferred for TCs.
Preclinical investigation of artesunate as a therapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma via impairment of glucosylceramidase-mediated autophagic degradation
Authors: Chen Wenjia , Ma Zhaochen , Yu Lingxiang , MAO Xia , Ma Nan , Guo Xiaodong , Yin Xiaoli , Jiang Funeng , Wang Qian , Wang Jigang , Fang Mingliang , Lin Na , Zhang Yanqiong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractArtesunate (ART) has been indicated as a candidate drug for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Glucosylceramidase (GBA) is required for autophagic degradation. Whether ART regulates autophagic flux by targeting GBA in HCC remains to be defined. Herein, our data demonstrated that the dramatic overexpression of GBA was significantly associated with aggressive progression and short overall survival times in HCC. Subsequent experiments revealed an association between autophagic activity and GBA expression in clinical HCC samples, tumor tissues from a rat model of inflammation-induced HCC and an orthotopic mouse model, and human HCC cell lines. Interestingly, probe labeling identified GBA as an ART target, which was further verified by both a glutathione-S-transferase pulldown assay and surface plasmon resonance analysis. The elevated protein expression of LC3B, the increased numbers of GFP-LC3B puncta and double-membrane vacuoles, and the enhanced expression of SQSTM1/p62 indicated that the degradation of autophagosomes in HCC cells was inhibited by ART treatment. Both the in vitro and in vivo data revealed that autophagosome accumulation through targeting of GBA was responsible for the anti-HCC effects of ART. In summary, this preclinical study identified GBA as one of the direct targets of ART, which may have promising potential to inhibit lysosomal autophagy for HCC therapy.
A non-canonical GABAergic pathway to the VTA promotes unconditioned freezing
Authors: Broussot Loïc , Contesse Thomas , Costa-Campos Renan , Glangetas Christelle , Royon Léa , Fofo Hugo , Lorivel Thomas , Georges François , Fernandez Sebastian P. , Barik Jacques 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFreezing is a conserved defensive behaviour that constitutes a major stress-coping mechanism. Decades of research have demonstrated a role of the amygdala, periaqueductal grey and hypothalamus as core actuators of the control of fear responses, including freezing. However, the role that other modulatory sites provide to this hardwired scaffold is not known. Here, we show that freezing elicited by exposure to electrical foot shocks activates laterodorsal tegmentum (LDTg) GABAergic neurons projecting to the VTA, without altering the excitability of cholinergic and glutamatergic LDTg neurons. Selective chemogenetic silencing of this inhibitory projection, but not other LDTg neuronal subtypes, dampens freezing responses but does not prevent the formation of conditioned fear memories. Conversely, optogenetic-activation of LDTg GABA terminals within the VTA drives freezing responses and elicits bradycardia, a common hallmark of freezing. Notably, this aversive information is subsequently conveyed from the VTA to the amygdala via a discrete GABAergic pathway. Hence, we unveiled a circuit mechanism linking LDTg-VTA-amygdala regions, which holds potential translational relevance for pathological freezing states such as post-traumatic stress disorders, panic attacks and social phobias.
Diabetes downregulates the antimicrobial peptide psoriasin and increases E. coli burden in the urinary bladder
Authors: Mohanty Soumitra , Kamolvit Witchuda , Scheffschick Andrea , Björklund Anneli , Tovi Jonas , Espinosa Alexander , Brismar Kerstin , Nyström Thomas , Schröder Jens M. , Östenson Claes-Göran , Aspenström Pontus , Brauner Hanna , Brauner Annelie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiabetes is known to increase susceptibility to infections, partly due to impaired granulocyte function and changes in the innate immunity. Here, we investigate the effect of diabetes, and high glucose on the expression of the antimicrobial peptide, psoriasin and the putative consequences for E. coli urinary tract infection. Blood, urine, and urine exfoliated cells from patients are studied. The influence of glucose and insulin is examined during hyperglycemic clamps in individuals with prediabetes and in euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamped patients with type 1 diabetes. Important findings are confirmed in vivo in type 2 diabetic mice and verified in human uroepithelial cell lines. High glucose concentrations induce lower psoriasin levels and impair epithelial barrier function together with altering cell membrane proteins and cytoskeletal elements, resulting in increasing bacterial burden. Estradiol treatment restores the cellular function with increasing psoriasin and bacterial killing in uroepithelial cells, confirming its importance during urinary tract infection in hyperglycemia. In conclusion, our findings present the effects and underlying mechanisms of high glucose compromising innate immunity.
Insight into mode-of-action and structural determinants of the compstatin family of clinical complement inhibitors
Authors: Lamers Christina , Xue Xiaoguang , Smieško Martin , van Son Henri , Wagner Bea , Berger Nadja , Sfyroera Georgia , Gros Piet , Lambris John D. , Ricklin Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the addition of the compstatin-based complement C3 inhibitor pegcetacoplan, another class of complement targeted therapeutics have recently been approved. Moreover, compstatin derivatives with enhanced pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles are in clinical development (e.g., Cp40/AMY-101). Despite this progress, the target binding and inhibitory modes of the compstatin family remain incompletely described. Here, we present the crystal structure of Cp40 complexed with its target C3b at 2.0-Å resolution. Structure-activity-relationship studies rationalize the picomolar affinity and long target residence achieved by lead optimization, and reveal a role for structural water in inhibitor binding. We provide explanations for the narrow species specificity of this drug class and demonstrate distinct target selection modes between clinical compstatin derivatives. Functional studies provide further insight into physiological complement activation and corroborate the mechanism of its compstatin-mediated inhibition. Our study may thereby guide the application of existing and development of next-generation compstatin analogs.
(NHC)Pd(II) hydride-catalyzed dehydroaromatization by olefin chain-walking isomerization and transfer-dehydrogenation
Authors: Chen Weihao , Chen Yang , Gu Xiao , Chen Zaizhu , Ho Chun-Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed homogeneous dehydrogenation and isomerization are common organic molecular activation reactions. Palladium hydrides are good olefin isomerization catalysts but are usually short-lived species under redox-active dehydrogenation conditions. Here, we show that Pd-H in the presence of an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and an alkene regulator enables transfer-dehydroaromatization, avoiding the homo-disproportionation pathway. The desired product is obtained with up to 99:1 selectivity, and the exo-to-endo olefin isomerization can be carried out in one pot. In contrast to previously reported methods that rely on the efficient removal of Pd-H, the approach reported herein benefits from the steric effects of the N-heterocyclic carbene and the choice of alkene to regulate the competing reactivity of allylic C‒H activation and hydropalladation. This method circumvents the challenges associated with tedious olefin separation and a low exo-to-endo olefin isomerization ratio and expands the scope to include challenging endo- and exo-cyclic olefins under mild, neutral, and oxidant-free conditions. Overall, herein, we provide a strategy to synthesize (hetero)aromatic compounds via chemoselective dehydrogenation of cyclic alkenes over ketones and the dehydrogenative Diels-Alder reaction of a cyclic enamine.
Many-body localization enables iterative quantum optimization
Authors: Wang Hanteng , Yeh Hsiu-Chung , Kamenev Alex 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany discrete optimization problems are exponentially hard due to the underlying glassy landscape. This means that the optimization cost exhibits multiple local minima separated by an extensive number of switched discrete variables. Quantum computation was coined to overcome this predicament, but so far had only a limited progress. Here we suggest a quantum approximate optimization algorithm which is based on a repetitive cycling around the tricritical point of the many-body localization (MBL) transition. Each cycle includes quantum melting of the glassy state through a first order transition with a subsequent reentrance through the second order MBL transition. Keeping the reentrance path sufficiently close to the tricritical point separating the first and second order transitions, allows one to systematically improve optimization outcomes. The running time of this algorithm scales algebraically with the system size and the required precision. The corresponding exponents are related to critical indexes of the continuous MBL transition.