bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational design strategy to improve RF heating uniformity
Authors: Allison Jared , Pearce John , Beaman Joseph , Seepersad Carolyn 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Recent work has demonstrated the possibility of selectively sintering polymer powders with radio frequency (RF) radiation as a means of rapid, volumetric additive manufacturing. Although RF radiation can be used as a volumetric energy source, non-uniform heating resulting from the sample geometry and electrode configuration can lead to adverse effects in RF-treated samples. This paper aims to address these heating uniformity issues by implementing a computational design strategy for doped polymer powder beds to improve the RF heating uniformity.

Design/methodology/approach
Two approaches for improving the RF heating uniformity are presented with the goal of developing an RF-assisted additive manufacturing process. Both techniques use COMSOL Multiphysics® to predict the temperature rise during simulated RF exposure for different geometries. The effectiveness of each approach is evaluated by calculating the uniformity index, which provides an objective metric for comparing the heating uniformity between simulations. The first method implements an iterative heuristic tuning strategy to functionally grade the electrical conductivity within the sample. The second method involves reorienting the electrodes during the heating stage such that the electric field is applied in two directions.

Findings
Both approaches are shown to improve the heating uniformity and predicted part geometry for several test cases when applied independently. However, the greatest improvement in heating uniformity is demonstrated by combining the approaches and using multiple electrode orientations while functionally grading the samples.

Originality/value
This work presents an innovative approach for overcoming RF heating uniformity issues to improve the resulting part geometry in an RF-assisted, volumetric additive manufacturing method.
Traditional dance “Molong Kopi” for maintaining of health status among older adults in long-term care of Indonesia
Authors: Nur Kholid Rosyidi Muhammad , Susanto Tantut , Yunanto Rismawan Adi , Susumaningrum Latifa Aini , Rasni Hanny 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This study examined the influence of traditional dance “Molong Kopi” for maintaining health status of older adult (OA) in long-term care of Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach
A randomized control trial study conducted 21 of OA intervention group and 20 of OA control group. Molong Kopi dance intervention was carried out for eight weeks. Health status was measured on blood pressure, risk for fall, balance and quality of sleep of OA.

Findings
There was a significant differences between the intervention group and the control group on systole blood pressure, fall risk and sleep quality (p < 0.05). The number of OA who were not at risk for fall after the intervention were increased from 14 to 38%. The quality of sleep of OA was also changed to good sleep quality from 43 to 90%.

Originality/value
Molong Kopi dance in OA can reduce systolic blood pressure, reduce the risk of falls and improve sleep quality better.
Paediatric trauma imaging in a regional Queensland hospital: Do we need clearer guidance?
Authors: Lynham Rohan , Boxall Sarah , Warren Jacelle , Lynham Anthony 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivePaediatric trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in those aged 0–14. Anatomical and physiological differences require a specialised approach to paediatric trauma care. Medical imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT) scans, requires specific consideration because of the consequences of radiation exposure in the paediatric population. The present study compares current practice of CT scan ordering in paediatric trauma patients at a regional Australian hospital against consensus guidelines published in the UK.MethodsA retrospective audit of paediatric trauma CT scans referred from the ED from May 2017 to May 2018 was completed. Details relating to CT scan ordering were reviewed and compliance with the Royal College of Radiologists Paediatric trauma protocols, was determined. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests comparing those that met and did not meet guidelines were performed.ResultsA total of 71 CT scans were included with an overall compliance rate of 56.3%. Specific regional compliance was lowest with CT neck at 14%. Patients where a trauma call was initiated were more likely to receive a full body (pan) scan rather than region specific imaging. Compliance improved when paediatric team involvement was documented.ConclusionsEvidence‐based guidelines for CT imaging in paediatric trauma are essential to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure for children. The present study has demonstrated that current practice has the potential to be improved and that decisions should involve a multidisciplinary team.
Pretrial risk assessment instruments in practice: The role of judicial discretion in pretrial reform
Authors: Copp Jennifer E. , Casey William , Blomberg Thomas G. , Pesta George 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe explored the extent to which the implementation of a pretrial risk assessment instrument (PRAI) corresponded to changes in the pretrial processing of defendants using multiple administrative data sources from a large county in the southeastern United States. Our findings revealed little evidence of reductions in detention lengths or increases in the use of nonfinancial forms of release following the tool's adoption. This was largely attributable to the exercise of judicial discretion, as judges frequently departed from the tool's recommendation using alternatives that were more punitive and often included financial conditions—particularly for Black and Latino defendants. Furthermore, the exercise of discretion was linked to increased rates of pretrial failure.Policy ImplicationsPRAIs were adopted on a massive scale with the understanding that they are evidence‐based and geared toward efficiently and equitably reducing pretrial populations; however, we are lacking the evaluative work to determine their impacts. Our findings suggest that PRAIs may not only undermine reform efforts, but may worsen disparities, if communities fail to complete the up‐front work of discussing their expectations for pretrial decision making, including the conditions under which financial constraints may be justifiable.
Unwarranted variation in radiation therapy fractionation
Authors: Batumalai Vikneswary , James Melissa 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe adoption of hypofractionation across multiple tumour sites has been slow despite robust evidence. There is considerable unwarranted variation in practice, both within and between jurisdictions. This has been attributed to inconsistencies in guidelines, physician preference, lack of technology and differing financial incentives. Unwarranted variation in the use of hypofractionation has a tremendous effect on cost to both patients and the healthcare system. This places an unnecessary burden on patients and poorly utilises scarce healthcare resources. A collaborative effort from clinicians, patients, healthcare providers and policymakers is needed to reduce unwarranted variation in practice. This will improve quality of care both for patients and at broader healthcare system level.
Effect of nighttime bedroom light exposure on mood episode relapses in bipolar disorder
Authors: Esaki Yuichi , Obayashi Kenji , Saeki Keigo , Fujita Kiyoshi , Iwata Nakao , Kitajima Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveA previous cross‐sectional study reported that nighttime light is associated with increased occurrence of manic symptoms in bipolar disorder; however, the longitudinal association between nighttime light and subsequent mood episode relapses remains unclear. We determined whether bedroom nighttime light was associated with mood episode relapses in patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 172 outpatients with bipolar disorder who participated in an Association between the Pathology of Bipolar Disorder and Light Exposure in Daily Life (APPLE) cohort study. A portable photometer was used to measure illuminance in the bedroom from bedtime to rising time during 7 consecutive nights for baseline assessment. Then, the participants were assessed at a 2‐year follow‐up for mood episode relapses.ResultsOf the 172 participants, 157 (91%) completed the 2‐year follow‐up, and 39 (22%) experienced manic or hypomanic episodes (with or without mixed features), during that time. In the Cox proportional‐hazards model, the hazard ratio (HR) for manic/hypomanic episode relapses was significantly higher when the average nighttime illuminance was ≥3 lux (n = 71) than when it was <3 lux (n = 101; HR, 2.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33–4.84). In the multivariable model adjusted for a propensity score in relation to nighttime light, the relationship remained significant (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.04–4.52). The association between nighttime light and depressive episode relapses was not significantly different.ConclusionsKeeping the bedroom dark at night may prevent hypomanic and manic episodes.
Former street‐working boys in Iraq highlight the importance of receiving education, training and support from families and other adults
Authors: Taib Nezar Ismet , Öster Caisa , Ramklint Mia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study investigated the perceptions of men who worked on the streets of Iraq when they were children. It looked at the risks they faced, how they developed resilience and what support they feel current working children need.MethodsIn 2021, semi‐structured interviews were held with 40 men aged 24–33 who used to work on the streets as children. They had attended the Zewa Centre, a drop‐in centre for street‐working children in 2004–2005. Thematic analysis was used to explore the transcribed interviews.ResultsPositive feedback focused on how they developed working and social skills and felt proud to support their families. Negative feedback included the consequences on their social lives and mental and physical health. Their suggestions for preventing street work in children were financial support, so that families could send their children back to school, and programmes that offer social skills training and vocational training. Social support from families, other adults and peers was very important.ConclusionWorking on the streets had positive and negative consequences and support from family and friends influenced the men's attitudes in adulthood. They suggested that financial support, education and social and vocational training would be very important for today's street‐working children.
Identification and protection of puce unlined clothing with printed gold and colour‐painted lace
Authors: Zheng Hailing , Yang Hailiang , Zhou Yang , Shujuan Wang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA large number of Southern Song dynasty costumes were unearthed from Huangsheng tomb in Fuzhou city, Fujian province. The unlined clothing was among the funeral objects, and made of the most common leno fabric, which was light and transparent, and the clothing was in extremely poor condition. To protect the unlined clothing, scientific evaluation and protection were carried out. Three‐dimensional microscopy was used to analyse the weave structure and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) were used to analyse scientifically the printed gold and colour paint components of the unlined clothing. The results showed that the structure of the unlined clothing was a two‐warp twisted leno, the printed gold contained Au, Cu, Fe and other elements, the coloured paint contained Pb and Hg elements, and the binding material component of the coloured paint was type I collagen. Based on the results of the analysis, the silk fibroin consolidation method was used to improve resistance to the stress and strain caused by the needle–thread repair method, and the needle–thread repair method was then used to restore the original clothing shape. This study provides a new approach for the protection of fragile silk fabrics in the future.
The prevalence and significance of nonuniform thyroid radio‐isotope uptake in patients with Graves’ disease
Authors: Abdalaziz Altayeb , Vanka Ramesh , Bartholomew Peter , Vennart Nicholas , Vernazza Jonathan , Stewart Kathryn , Tsatlidis Vasileios , Narayanan Kilimangalam , Weaver Jolanta U , Razvi Salman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of nonuniform technetium (99mTc) uptake among patients with Graves’ disease (GD).Design, Patients and MeasurementsPatients with GD, referred between July 2005 and March 2018, had Tc99‐ uptake scans and TSH‐receptor antibody (TRAb) measured before antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy. Risk of relapse after ATD cessation was monitored until June 2021 and compared between GD patients based on uptake patterns.ResultsOf the 276 GD patients (mean age, 49.8 years; 84% female), 25 (9.0%) had nonuniform Tc99 uptake. At diagnosis, individuals with nonuniform uptake were older (mean age of 61.8 vs. 48.5 years, p < .001), had lower mean thyroid hormone levels (free thyroxine: 36.3 vs. 45.4  pmol/L, p = .04 and free triiodothyronine: 10.0 vs. 17.8 pmol/L, p < .001) and median TRAb levels (4.2 vs. 6.6 U/L, p = .04) compared with those with a uniform uptake. Older age was a significant predictor for the presence of nonuniform uptake in GD patients; odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 1.07 (1.03 – 1.10). The risk of relapse was similar in both groups after a median (IQR) follow‐up of 41 (13–74) months after ATD cessation (56.0% vs. 46.3%, respectively); hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 1.74 (0.96–3.15).ConclusionsNonuniform radio‐isotope uptake is seen in 1 in 11 patients with GD which could be misdiagnosed as toxic multinodular goitre if TRAb levels are not measured. Treatment of GD patients with nonuniform radio‐isotope uptake with ATD therapy as first‐line appears to be equally effective as compared with those with uniform uptake. TRAb testing should be the main diagnostic test for patients with suspected GD with radio‐labelled uptake scans being reserved for those who are TRAb negative.
Child ADHD and anxiety: Parent mental health literacy and information preferences
Authors: Davidson Dylan , Reynolds Kristin , Theule Jennifer , Feldgaier Steven 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis research explored parents' mental health literacy (MHL) skills (i.e., recognizing symptoms and identifying effective help‐seeking strategies) for child attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety, factors associated with their MHL, and preferences for receiving information about each disorder. N = 128 parents were recruited from community organizations to participate in an online survey. Parents were randomly assigned to read one vignette depicting a child with symptoms of ADHD or anxiety. They were asked to identify the depicted problem and rate the helpfulness of potential help‐seeking strategies (i.e., different health professionals and medications). They also completed measures of parental self‐efficacy and parenting stress and indicated information preferences for learning about symptoms and treatment. Parents scored just above the mid‐range on a measure of their MHL skills, with no significant difference between parents responding to the ADHD and anxiety vignettes. Stronger MHL was associated with being a mother, having personal, family, or friend‐related mental health experience, and stronger parental self‐efficacy. Parents were interested in receiving more information about child ADHD and anxiety via health provider or written format. Results are valuable for informing future MHL intervention efforts to educate parents about symptoms and treatment for common child mental health problems such as ADHD and anxiety.
Potential nanotherapeutic strategies for perioperative stroke
Authors: An Jingyi , Zhao Ling , Duan Ranran , Sun Ke , Lu Wenxin , Yang Jiali , Liang Yan , Liu Junjie , Zhang Zhenzhong , Li Li , Shi Jinjin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsBased on the complex pathological environment of perioperative stroke, the development of targeted therapeutic strategies is important to control the development of perioperative stroke.DiscussionsRecently, great progress has been made in nanotechnology, and nanodrug delivery systems have been developed for the treatment of ischemic stroke.ConclusionIn this review, the pathological processes and mechanisms of ischemic stroke during perioperative stroke onset were systematically sorted. As a potential treatment strategy for perioperative stroke, the review also summarizes the multifunctional nanodelivery systems based on ischemic stroke, thus providing insight into the nanotherapeutic strategies for perioperative stroke.
Effect of the number of parity on right heart chamber quantification
Authors: Keskin Muhammed , Borklu Edibe Betul , Doğan Selami , Öztürk Bayram , Kaya Adnan , Öcal Lütfi , Çerşit Sinan , Tenekecioğlu Erhan , Keskin Ümran , Keser Nurgül , Orhan Ahmet L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionPregnancy is a process that can cause several physiologic changes to the cardiovascular system such as ventricular hypertrophy and dilation of cardiac chambers. Although there are studies about pregnancy‐related changes in echocardiographic examination; there is no data about the long‐term effects of parity on these alterations. Therefore, we evaluated the long‐term effect of pregnancy on right ventricular (RV) dilation and RV hypertrophy and their relation to the parity number.MethodsThis prospective study included a total of 600 women (200 consecutive women who had no parity, 200 women who had a parity number of 1 to 4 and 200 women who had a parity number of more than 4). Right chambers’ measurements were compared between the groups.ResultsIn echocardiographic analysis, RV and right atrial dimensions and areas and RV wall thickness were higher in parous women. On the other hand, RV systolic function parameters were significantly lower in parous women. These significant changes showed a gradual increase or decrease by increasing parity number. By multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analysis, the four independent factors that increased the risk of RV dilation were age (OR: 1.16 CI: 1.10–1.20), body mass index (OR: 1.05, CI: 1.02–1.08), smoking (OR: 1.87, CI: 1.28–4.02), and giving a birth (OR: 3.94 CI: 1.82–8.81). There was also independent relationship between the number of parity and RV hypertrophy even after adjustment for several confounders.ConclusionPregnancy‐related physiological changes mostly resolve after delivery. This study about long‐term effects of pregnancy on RV has demonstrated that there is a significant relation between the number of parity and either RV dilation or RV hypertrophy. Each parity had also additive effect on these changes.
Inhibition of ERK1/2 regulates cognitive function by decreasing expression levels of PSD‐95 in the hippocampus of CIH rats
Authors: Huang Qin , Wang Pei , Liu Haijun , Li Mingjian , Yue Yujiao , Xu Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a potentially severe sleep disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia, and there is growing evidence that OSAS can lead to cognitive decline. Extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) plays a key role in synaptic plasticity. We established CIH model in male SD rats and examined their expression of p‐ERK1/2 and PSD‐95, as well as in CIH group; the effect of SL327 on the expression of p‐ERK1/2 and PSD‐95 in hippocampus of CIH model rats was observed by pretreating the experimental rats with SL327 during peak time of p‐ERK1/2 expression. Mean oxygen saturation in the tail artery was lower in the CIH group. CIH groups exhibited increased escape latencies in the navigation test and decreased numbers of platform crossings in the space exploration test. Reduced volume, irregular structure, deepened cytoplasmic eosinophilic staining in the cytoplasm and decreased nuclear size were found in hippocampal neurons in the 28‐d CIH and 28‐d CIH + SL327 group. The hippocampus of CIH rats' p‐ERK expressions gradually increased with prolonged CIH exposure but decreased after SL327 treatment. Moreover, PSD‐95 expressions gradually reduced in the 14‐d CIH, 21‐d CIH and 28‐d CIH groups but increased in the SL327‐treated group. The SL327 intervention decreased p‐ERK1/2 expression, increased PSD‐95 expression and improved cognitive function in CIH rats. The present findings provide some insights into the mechanisms underlying OSAS‐associated cognitive impairment.
Loss of hippocampal dentation in hippocampal sclerosis and its relationship to memory dysfunction
Authors: Kilpattu Ramaniharan Anandh , Zhang Mike Weng , Selladurai Goutham , Martin Roy , Ver Hoef Lawrence 
Published: March 2022

SummaryObjectiveHippocampal dentation (HD) is a “toothlike” morphological feature observed on the inferior aspect of the human hippocampus. It has been found that HD varies dramatically in healthy adults and is positively associated with verbal and visual memory. In this work, we evaluate the loss of HD and its association with memory dysfunction in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who have hippocampal sclerosis (HS).MethodsFifty‐eight unilateral HS patients with neuropsychological data were identified from a retrospective database. T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo images (~1 mm resolution) were upsampled to .25 mm and were processed using ASHS software to obtain ultra‐high‐resolution segmentations and three‐dimensional renderings. Dentes were counted on the epileptic and contralateral sides, and associations were tested between dentation on the epileptic versus contralateral sides and measures of verbal and visuospatial memory with respect to the dominant versus nondominant hemisphere.ResultsThe median number of dentes in epileptic hippocampi was significantly lower than in contralateral hippocampi (p < .0001). Among cases with HS in the dominant hemisphere, verbal memory was significantly correlated with contralateral nondominant hemisphere dentation (r = .43, p = .04). Similarly, among cases of HS in the nondominant hemisphere, visual memory was significantly correlated with contralateral dominant hemisphere dentation (r = .48, p = .04). All other analyses were not significant.SignificanceThis is the first study characterizing dentation in TLE patients with HS and its memory correlates. There is marked loss of dentation in sclerotic hippocampi compared to the unaffected contralateral hippocampi. Material‐specific measures of memory performance are paradoxically correlated with dentation contralateral to the side with HS, suggesting that contralateral functional capacity explains some of the variation in memory across TLE patients. HD is an important variable to consider in understanding memory loss in TLE.