bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evapotranspiration partitioning based on field‐stable oxygen isotope observations for an urban locust forest land
Authors: Chen Han , Huang Jinhui Jeanne , McBean Edward , Dash Sonam Sandeep , Li Han , Zhang Jiawei , Lan Zhiqing , Gao JunJie , Zhou Ziqi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe stable water isotope method is widely applied to distinguish the evapotranspiration (ET) components across various vegetation‐covered surfaces. ET partitioning in the urban woodland area is useful for guiding precision irrigation, thereby promoting in urban water conservation. For the first time, this study partitions ET in urban locust forest areas based on stable water isotope observations for the period 2019–2020. The isotope composition of ET (δET) and soil evaporation (δE) were determined using the Keeling‐plot method and Craig–Gordon model, respectively. The steady‐state (SS) and the non‐steady‐state (NSS) assumptions were compared for estimating the isotope composition of vegetation transpiration (δT). The NSS outperformed SS in daily bulk leaf water isotopic component (δL,b) simulation and recommended to be used in δT determination for the urban forest land. Both methods resulted in similar estimates of δL,b and δT during the daytime; however, substantial difference was observed during the nighttime. The fraction of vegetation transpiration to evapotranspiration (FT) varies between 0.21 and 0.95 with an average value of 0.78 for the SS and varies between 0.22 and 0.97 with an average of 0.82 for the NSS. The FT in the urban forest land is higher than the natural forest land due to the urban heat island effect and higher planting densities. The seasonal FT variation is primarily controlled by the leaf area index (LAI) and soil moisture. The predictive uncertainty of δET and δT are much higher than δE, wherein the uncertainties of δT decreases as FT increases while the uncertainty of δET increases as FT increases. The uncertainty analysis highlights the importance of increasing the sampling frequency under low FT condition. This study revealed the seasonal change patterns of FT and its major governing factors in urban woodland areas, thus providing more insights on effective water management in the urban ecosystems.
Environmental DNA reveals fine‐scale habitat associations for sedentary and resident marine species across a coastal mosaic of soft‐ and hard‐bottom habitats
Authors: Wilms Tim J. G. , Jacobsen Magnus W. , Hansen Brian K. , Baktoft Henrik , Bollhorn Johan , Scharff‐Olsen Camilla H. , Bertelsen Jeannet L. , García Enrique García‐Argudo , Støttrup Josianne G. , Nielsen Einar E. , Svendsen Jon C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccurate knowledge on spatiotemporal distributions of marine species and their association with surrounding habitats is crucial to inform adaptive management actions responding to coastal degradation across the globe. Here, we investigate the potential use of environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect species–habitat associations in a patchy coastal area of the Baltic Sea. We directly compare species‐specific qPCR analysis of eDNA with baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS), two non‐invasive methods widely used to monitor marine habitats. Four focal species (cod Gadus morhua, flounder Platichthys flesus, plaice Pleuronectes platessa, and goldsinny wrasse Ctenolabrus rupestris) were selected based on contrasting habitat associations (reef‐ vs. sand‐associated species), as well as differential levels of mobility and residency, to investigate whether these factors affected the detection of species–habitat associations from eDNA. To this end, a species‐specific qPCR assay for goldsinny wrasse is developed and made available herein. In addition, potential correlations between eDNA signals and abundance counts (MaxN) from videos were assessed. Results from Bayesian multilevel models revealed strong evidence for a sand association for sedentary flounder (98% posterior probability) and a reef association for highly resident wrasse (99% posterior probability) using eDNA, in agreement with BRUVS. However, contrary to BRUVS, eDNA sampling did not detect habitat associations for cod or plaice. We found a positive correlation between eDNA detection and MaxN for wrasse (posterior probability 95%), but not for the remaining species and explanatory power of all relationships was generally limited. Our results indicate that eDNA sampling can detect species–habitat associations on a fine spatial scale, yet this ability likely depends on the mobility and residency of the target organism, with associations for sedentary or resident species most likely to be detected. Combined sampling with conventional non‐invasive methods is advised to improve detection of habitat associations for mobile and transient species, or for species with low eDNA concentrations.
Innate immune signaling and immunothrombosis: New insights and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Ryan Tristram A. J. , O'Neill Luke A. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractActivation of the coagulation cascade is a critical, evolutionarily conserved mechanism that maintains hemostasis by rapidly forming blood clots in response to blood‐borne infections and damaged blood vessels. Coagulation is a key component of innate immunity since it prevents bacterial dissemination and can provoke inflammation. The term immunothrombosis describes the process by which the innate immune response drives aberrant coagulation, which can result in a lethal condition termed disseminated intravascular coagulation, often seen in sepsis. In this review, we describe the recently uncovered molecular mechanisms underlying inflammasome‐ and STING‐driven immunothrombosis induced by bacterial and viral infections, culminating in tissue factor (TF) activation and release. Current anticoagulant therapeutics, while effective, are associated with a life‐threatening bleeding risk, requiring the urgent development of new treatments. Targeting immunothrombosis may provide a safer option. Thus, we highlight preclinical tools which target TF and/or block canonical (NLRP3) or noncanonical (caspase‐11) inflammasome activation as well as STING‐driven TF release and discuss clinically approved drugs which block key immunothrombotic processes and, therefore, may be redeployed as safer anticoagulants.
Follicular helper T cell signature of replicative exhaustion, apoptosis, and senescence in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Milardi Giulia , Di Lorenzo Biagio , Gerosa Jolanda , Barzaghi Federica , Di Matteo Gigliola , Omrani Maryam , Jofra Tatiana , Merelli Ivan , Barcella Matteo , Filippini Matteo , Conti Anastasia , Ferrua Francesca , Pozzo Giuffrida Francesco , Dionisio Francesca , Rovere‐Querini Patrizia , Marktel Sarah , Assanelli Andrea , Piemontese Simona , Brigida Immacolata , Zoccolillo Matteo , Cirillo Emilia , Giardino Giuliana , Danieli Maria Giovanna , Specchia Fernando , Pacillo Lucia , Di Cesare Silvia , Giancotta Carmela , Romano Francesca , Matarese Alessandro , Chetta Alfredo Antonio , Trimarchi Matteo , Laurenzi Andrea , De Pellegrin Maurizio , Darin Silvia , Montin Davide , Marinoni Maddalena , Dellepiane Rosa Maria , Sordi Valeria , Lougaris Vassilios , Vacca Angelo , Melzi Raffaella , Nano Rita , Azzari Chiara , Bongiovanni Lucia , Pignata Claudio , Cancrini Caterina , Plebani Alessandro , Piemonti Lorenzo , Petrovas Constantinos , Di Micco Raffaella , Ponzoni Maurilio , Aiuti Alessandro , Cicalese Maria Pia , Fousteri Georgia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent primary antibody deficiency whereby follicular helper T (Tfh) cells fail to establish productive responses with B cells in germinal centers. Here, we analyzed the frequency, phenotype, transcriptome, and function of circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells in CVID patients displaying autoimmunity as an additional phenotype. A group of patients showed a high frequency of cTfh1 cells and a prominent expression of PD‐1 and ICOS as well as a cTfh mRNA signature consistent with highly activated, but exhausted, senescent, and apoptotic cells. Plasmatic CXCL13 levels were elevated in this group and positively correlated with cTfh1 cell frequency and PD‐1 levels. Monoallelic variants in RTEL1, a telomere length‐ and DNA repair‐related gene, were identified in four patients belonging to this group. Their blood lymphocytes showed shortened telomeres, while their cTfh were more prone to apoptosis. These data point toward a novel pathogenetic mechanism in CVID, whereby alterations in DNA repair and telomere elongation might predispose to antibody deficiency. A Th1, highly activated but exhausted and apoptotic cTfh phenotype was associated with this form of CVID.
Increased Sensitivity of Ascorbate Detection by Mediated Oxidation in Confined Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Silva Fabiana F. , Santos Carla S. , Meloni Gabriel N. , Lima Alex S. , Bertotti Mauro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, the EC’ mechanism involving ascorbate (AA−) and the oxidized form of ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH) was explored as an analytical strategy to monitor AA− at low concentration levels. The feasibility of this approach was investigated at different mass transport regimes utilizing macro‐ (glassy carbon) and ultramicroelectrodes (5 μm radius carbon disk). Cyclic voltammograms (CV) were recorded in acetate buffer solution (pH 3.7) using a glassy carbon electrode, and an expressive increase in the anodic peak current (and decrease in the cathodic peak) was noticed in the CV in a solution containing both FcMeOH and ascorbate, confirming the presence of an electrocatalytic process (EC’). The current increase was more pronounced when the reactants and products were confined in a thin solution layer, which was created by approaching an ultramicroelectrode close to an insulator surface. At optimized experimental conditions, a correlation between ascorbate concentration and the steady‐state current measured at the ultramicroelectrode was established, allowing the development of an analytical method for ascorbate detection in the micromolar range. The proposed approach was used to quantify ascorbate in a commercial juice sample.
Water–food–energy nexus: Assessing challenges in the trend toward digitalization: The case study of an Italian winemaking industry
Authors: Girotto Francesca , Galeazzi Andrea , Manenti Flavio , Gueguen Sophie , Piazza Laura 
Published: May 2022

AbstractData driven food‐manufacturing systems assure cost reduction, increased efficiency, improved product quality. These elements come together in a virtuous circle of digital transformation centered on sustainability. Viticulture is among the first applications of the smart‐agriculture concept. Precision viticulture has become one of the agribusiness sectors where there is the great attempt to apply the principles of Agrifood 4.0. However, when shifting the focus from raw materials production (e.g., grapes) to their processing into a final product (e.g., wine), measured water and energy consumption fluxes may go in and out a black box rather than being detailed at each operational unit level. Within the food industries panorama, the wine industry may be the most complex, making the upgrade of the traditional wine industry into a digital one burdensome. Indeed, big data centralization is a priority that allows enterprises to transmit real‐time information in terms of process behavior and performance and enables process optimization engineers to spot the energy inefficiencies and the options for process integration for water recycling.The Italian wine industry is strongly committed to sustainability and a case study is here proposed as an example to discuss the challenges in the trend toward digitalization in the winemaking sector.
Post‐anthesis saline‐alkali stress inhibits grain filling by promoting ethylene production and signal transduction
Authors: Peng Yaqiong , Chen Yinke , Yuan Youming , Liu Bohan , Yu Peng , Song Shihao , Yi Yake , Teng Zhenning , Yi Zhenxie , Zhang Jianhua , Meng Shuan , Ye Nenghui , Duan Meijuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSaline‐alkali stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that severely affect rice yield. However, the mechanism by which saline‐alkali stress regulates grain filling in rice is still unclear. In this study, Oryza sativa L. spp. Indica cultivar Chaoyou1000 (C1000) was exposed to post‐anthesis saline‐alkali conditions at 6 days after anthesis, which significantly reduced the grain weight by suppressing the accumulation of starch and non‐structural carbohydrates in grains. Further analysis found that 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC), a precursor for ethylene, was increased by saline‐alkali treatment. qRT‐PCR results showed that several key genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis, including the OsACS and OsACO genes, were upregulated in saline‐alkali‐treated grains. In addition, genes involved in the ethylene signalling pathway were also induced by saline‐alkali stress. Exogenous ethylene application reduced grain weight and both starch and NSC contents in grains of C1000, suggesting that saline‐alkali‐induced ethylene has a negative effect on grain filling. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of OsSUS, OsAGPL, OsAGPS, OsSSI and OsSSIIIa, which are key genes in the starch biosynthesis pathway, were downregulated in saline‐alkali‐treated grains. In agreement, assays on these enzymes further revealed that saline‐alkali stress decreased the activities of sucrose synthase (SUS), adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) and starch synthase (StS). Together, our results indicated that saline‐alkali stress suppressed the enzyme activities involved in the conversion of sucrose to starch by elevating ethylene production, which led to inhibition of grain filling.
Spatiotemporal evolution and suitability of apple production in China from climate change and land use transfer perspectives
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Tianjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractApple production in China, the world's largest apple producer and consumer, is challenged by a huge and growing population coupled with rapid industrialisation and urbanisation. China's apple output has increased continuously over the past 42 years with distinctive spatial differences. Herein, changes in the spatial patterns of apple production increases, and their potential impact factors in China are described at the provincial level. Between 1978 and 2019, the centre‐of‐gravity of apple production shifted southwest towards the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the main water source for agricultural irrigation in North China. Analysis of absolute and relative growth of apple output reveals that the Loess Plateau, characterised by fragile habitat and low land productivity, has gradually become a major contributor to apple production. Despite annual increases in apple output, apple production system has become more fragile and unstable overtime, especially in the Shaanxi‐Gansu region where apple cultivation is prevalent. With continuous changes in policy, the amount of forest transfer (i.e. the area of other land use types converted to forest) has significantly affected the impact of standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index on apple production increases in China. Thus, to prevent the degradation of new forests, a differentiated management and protection system should be implemented for apple planting sub‐regions. This should include altering subsidy policies on apple production, enhancing soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau and strengthening ecological management of forests and grassland.
Redox regulation in C3 and C4 plants during climate change and its implications on food security
Authors: Sonmez Mustafa Cemre , Ozgur Rengin , Uzilday Baris , Turkan Ismail , Ganie Showkat Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAchieving food security and sustainable food production is a major challenge for plant scientists. To accomplish this, the global food production needs not only to be remarkably boosted, but it has to be achieved under harsh environmental conditions. Moreover, the climate change scenarios estimate an enhanced pressure on crop yields in the upcoming decades. C4 photosynthesis is highly promising to meet these challenges to global food production. Under current CO2 levels, C4 photosynthesis is more efficient than C3 photosynthesis, but more data is needed to map out its response under elevated CO2 (eCO2) conditions. Growing evidence also suggests that C4 photosynthesis could be more efficient in water use under eCO2. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an inevitable consequence of oxygenic photosynthesis and is also one of the first responses to environmental stresses. C3 and C4 plants have different ROS profiles, mainly because of reduced photorespiration in the latter. Moreover, the effects of eCO2 on C3 and especially C4 plants remain poorly understood. Since C3 and C4 plants have different ROS production patterns, it is likely that ROS signalling and downstream effects on growth and development differ between C3 and C4 plants, which may result in different response to eCO2. This would also be reflected in reproductive success and crop yields. Here we evaluate the recent literature on C3 and C4 plant responses to climate change conditions from the abiotic stress tolerance and food security perspectives, with redox connections. Current body of knowledge suggests engineering C4 photosynthesis into major crops to be a viable way to increase yield, but such attempts have failed because of a lack of basic knowledge in this area. Therefore, this article also aims to fill this gap from the redox perspective.
Coevolution of machine learning and process‐based modelling to revolutionize Earth and environmental sciences: A perspective
Authors: Razavi Saman , Hannah David M. , Elshorbagy Amin , Kumar Sujay , Marshall Lucy , Solomatine Dimitri P. , Dezfuli Amin , Sadegh Mojtaba , Famiglietti James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMachine learning (ML) applications in Earth and environmental sciences (EES) have gained incredible momentum in recent years. However, these ML applications have largely evolved in ‘isolation’ from the mechanistic, process‐based modelling (PBM) paradigms, which have historically been the cornerstone of scientific discovery and policy support. In this perspective, we assert that the cultural barriers between the ML and PBM communities limit the potential of ML, and even its ‘hybridization’ with PBM, for EES applications. Fundamental, but often ignored, differences between ML and PBM are discussed as well as their strengths and weaknesses in light of three overarching modelling objectives in EES, (1) nowcasting and prediction, (2) scenario analysis, and (3) diagnostic learning. The paper ponders over a ‘coevolutionary’ approach to model building, shifting away from a borrowing to a co‐creation culture, to develop a generation of models that leverage the unique strengths of ML such as scalability to big data and high‐dimensional mapping, while remaining faithful to process‐based knowledge base and principles of model explainability and interpretability, and therefore, falsifiability.
The Real‐World Effect of 12 Months of Romosozumab Treatment on Patients With Osteoporosis With a High Risk of Fracture and Factors Predicting the Rate of Bone Mass Increase: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Inose Hiroyuki , Ariga Akane , Motoyoshi Takayuki , Fukushima Kazuyuki , Tomizawa Shoji , Kato Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Kunihiko , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTExcluding clinical trials, there is limited evidence on the effect of 12 months of romosozumab treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) increase in real‐world clinical practice because its use has only been approved recently. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the real‐world effect of 12 months of romosozumab treatment on BMD increase and identify factors that predict the rate of BMD increase after 12 months of romosozumab treatment. We retrospectively investigated 106 patients who completed a 12‐month romosozumab treatment for osteoporosis with a high risk of fractures at four hospitals from March 2020 to March 2022. The univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the concurrent effects of various factors on the BMD increase after the 12‐month romosozumab treatment. After 1 year of treatment, the lumbar spine BMD increased by 14.6%, and femoral neck BMD increased by 5.1%. Univariate regression analysis found that male sex, high tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP‐5b) value before romosozumab administration, absence of osteoporosis medications before romosozumab administration, and low baseline lumbar spine BMD were associated with the extent of lumbar spine BMD increase. Moreover, stepwise multiple regression analysis found that the TRACP‐5b value before romosozumab administration was a significant predictor of the rate of lumbar spine BMD increase after 1 year of romosozumab administration. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the effectiveness of the 12‐month romosozumab treatment for osteoporosis with a high risk of fractures and the TRACP‐5b value before romosozumab administration was a significant predictor of the rate of lumbar spine BMD increase after 1 year of romosozumab administration. Our findings could help establish more efficient treatment strategies for patients with osteoporosis at a high risk of fracture. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Novel Schiff base scaffolds derived from 4‐aminoantipyrine and 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐(phenyldiazenyl)benzaldehyde: Synthesis, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory
Authors: Kasare Mangesh S. , Dhavan Pratik P. , Shaikh Aksh Hina I. , Jadhav Bhaskar L. , Pawar Suresh D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of four new azo‐Schiff base ligands from 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐(phenyldiazenyl)benzaldehyde and 4‐aminoantipyrine is described in this study. The molecular structures of all the scaffolds were confirmed using NMR spectroscopies such as 1H and 13C, as well as FT‐IR and Mass spectroscopy. After successful synthesis and characterization of all the ligands, their in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities were carried out by using standard protocols. Results revealed that all the four ligands (L1‐L4) possessed excellent biological potency.
Multi‐residue analysis of 206 pesticides in grass forage by the one‐step quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method combined with ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Xingqiang , Li Tiemei , Feng Hailing , Xie Yujie , Liu Fangyu , Tong Kaixuan , Fan Chunlin , Liu Yingtao , Chen Hui 
Published: May 2022

A novel method for detecting pesticide multi‐residue in grass forage (alfalfa and oat) was established based on the one‐step automatic extraction and purification technology of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe combined with ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The crushed sample was extracted with acetonitrile with 1% acetate, followed by a cleanup step with a primary‐secondary amine, octadecylsilane, and graphitized carbon black. The extraction and purification were carried out using the one‐step automatic pretreatment equipment. The target pesticides were acquired in positive ion electrospray ionization mode and full scan/data dependent secondary scan mode. The calibration curve shows good linearity over the corresponding concentration range, with the coefficient of determination greater than 0.99. The screening detection limits were 0.5–50 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification for the 206 pesticides was set at 1–50 μg/kg. At the spiking levels of one, two, and 10 times of limit of quantification, more than 95% of pesticides had recovery between 70–120%, with a relative standard deviation ≤20%. The method was proved to be simple, rapid, high‐sensitivity, and could be routinely used for the high throughput screening and quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in alfalfa and oat.