bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An implementation evaluation of the physical activity counseling in in-patients with major depressive disorder (PACINPAT) randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cody Robyn , Kreppke Jan-Niklas , Fischer Xenia , Faude Oliver , Beck Johannes , Brand Serge , Hatzinger Martin , Imboden Christian , Kügerl Nadine , Lang Undine E. , Mans Sarah , Maurer Reto , Mikoteit Thorsten , Oswald Anja , Rhodius Lilja-Sophie , Schweinfurth Nina , Wechsler Laura , Gerber Markus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The physical activity counseling for in-patients with major depression (PACINPAT) randomized controlled trial was launched to tackle physical inactivity in in-patients with major depressive disorder. Evidence shows that despite potential treatment effects, physical inactivity is prevalent in this population. To contribute to the assessment of the impact of this in-person and remote, theory-based, individually tailored intervention, the aim of this study is to evaluate its implementation.
Methods
This implementation evaluation was conducted within a multi-center randomized controlled trial according to the Process Evaluation Framework by the Medical Research Council including the analysis of reach, dose, fidelity and adaptation. Data were collected from the implementers and the participants randomized to the intervention group of the trial.
Results
The study sample comprised 95 physically inactive in-patients (mean age: 42 years, 53% women) with diagnosed major depressive disorder. The intervention reached the intended population. The intervention dose varied between early dropouts and study completers with both low and high participation rates. Differences in the attendance groups were recognizable in the first two counseling sessions. Fidelity of the in-person counseling content was partly achieved and adapted, whereas that of the remote counseling content was well achieved. Participants reported satisfaction with the intervention and the implementers. Adaptations were made to content, delivery mode and dose.
Conclusion
The PACINPAT trial was implemented in the intended population, in varying doses and with adaptations made to in-person counseling content and remote counseling dose. These findings are key to understanding outcome analyses, further developing interventions and contributing to implementation research.
Trial registration:
ISRCTN, ISRCTN10469580, registered on 3rd September 2018, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10469580
High-harmonic generation in polycrystalline CdTe nano-films via macroscopic investigations
Authors: Long Zhe , Yang Hang , Tian Kan , Lin Sen , He Linzhen , Zhao Dewei , Li Yang , Wu Han , Chen Zi-Yu , Wu Lili , Wang Qi Jie , Liang Houkun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bright high harmonics generation (HHG) in CMOS-compatible nano-films can provide new opportunities for integrated coherent ultra-violet sources and attosecond photonic devices. Up to now, most HHG studies have been limited to single crystals. Polycrystalline materials, which consist of many grains separated by grain boundaries and normally have random crystallographic orientations, have rarely been explored for HHG. Understanding and predicting the HHG properties in polycrystalline nano-films are important owing to its merits of low cost and diversified properties, but challenging due to their complicated electronic structures. Here, we for the first time experimentally discover the correspondence between HHG in polycrystalline matters and macroscopic material parameters, to the best of our knowledge. Bright and long-term stable harmonics extending to 25th orders are demonstrated in polycrystalline cadmium telluride (CdTe) nano-films. It is found that the HHG strengths in the transmission and the reflection behave differently as a function of the material thickness in the range from 6 nm to 4 μm, which is highly correlated to the measured macroscopic conductivity. This work provides a simple gauge to study and predict HHG in complicated polycrystalline and amorphous nano-systems, and paves the way for novel strong-field nanophotonics based on polycrystalline nano-films.
Genetic and phenotypic variations of Productive Performance of two different plumage-color strains of Japanese quail
Authors: Elkhaiat Ibrahim , Eid Yahya , Ghobish Magda , El-Kassas Seham , Alagawany Mahmoud , Ragab Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In Japanese quails, plumage color mutations resulted in many quail’s varieties. Therefore, identifying the genetic and phenotypic variations between the available quail’s varieties could be effective to determine the appropriate egg/meat producing quail variety that suits the breeders’ demand. Thus, the present study aimed to detect the phenotypic differences between two different quail varieties, brown (BB) and white (WW) feathered quails, and their reciprocal crosses (BW & WB) over two successive generations. Body weights, carcass traits, and egg weights and quality were considered as basic phenotypic parameters for comparison. Genetically, the phenotypic differences were ascertained with the microsatellite markers used. Generally, small numbers of alleles (NA& Ne) were detected for the three microsatellites. However, among all quail’s populations, WW and WB had the greatest numbers but with lower heterozygosity levels (HO &He) compared to the BB and BW. This was confirmed with the positive high values of FIS. In conclusion: The phenotypic variations among BB, WW, BW and WB varieties were genetically ascertained with the genetic diversity analysis. Crossing is effective in improving quail’s performance. This investigation might provide a scientific basis for assessing and using the genetic resources of BB, WW, BW and WB in further genetic improvement program.
Inequality Thresholds, Institutional Quality and Employment in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs)
Authors: Alancıoğlu Erdal , Miçooğulları Seyit Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the dynamic relationship between institutional quality, income inequality and employment level in 19 Central and Eastern European countries during the period 2004–2015. Three indicators of institutional quality and three indicators of income inequality were used to examine this relationship. The institutional quality indicators used include corporate governance, economic governance and political governance indices while the income inequality indicators include the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio. In the study, in which the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique was employed, it was found that an increase in institutional quality unconditionally results in an increase in employment level. The income inequality threshold levels that should not be exceeded in order to maintain the positive effect of institutional quality on employment level were calculated. Furthermore, it has been determined that inequality thresholds depend on the institutional quality and income inequality indicator used. Specifically, in the study, it was determined that for institutional quality to have a sustained positive impact on employment, i) the Palma ratio in the corporate governance specification should not exceed 0.875; ii) the Atkinson index in the economic governance specification should not exceed 0.311; and iii) the Atkinson index and Palma ratio shSould not exceed 0.258 and 1.333, respectively, in the political governance specification.
Jel Classifications: E24, C23
Difference in total N and its associated-aggregate N following cropland restoration in a karst region, Southwest China
Authors: Wen Li , Li Dejun , Xiao Kongcao , Tang Haiming , Xiao Xiaoping , Li Chao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cropland restoration has been reported as one of the most effective measures for soil total nitrogen (N) accumulation in karst degraded regions. However, the patterns of N associated-aggregate and its contribution to net soil N accumulation following cropland conversion remain poorly understood. The experiment included four treatments with one control and three restoration strategies, that is: maize-soybean rotation cultivation (control), sugarcane, mulberry and forage grass cultivation. Soil samples were selected to determine the soil aggregate amount and its associated N content and stock across 0–30 cm soil layer. Macro-aggregate (>2 mm) was the predominant aggregate fraction in all cropland use types and had the highest N stock. Forage grass cultivation substantially enhanced total N stock in bulk soil and aggregate fractions. Bulk soil N stocks were positively correlated with N content and stock aggregate-associated. The increase in N stock in forage grass soil was primarily attributed to the increased N stock within macro-aggregates, which is further attributed to the increased N content within macro-aggregates. Soil C:N ratio in macro-aggregate, 2–1 mm and micro-aggregate (<0.25 mm) but not in bulk soil was significantly changed following cropland conversion. Overall, forage grass cultivation replaced maize-soybean cultivation was suggested as an ecological restoration model to enhance soil N sequestration potential, owing to its role in increasing N stock of aggregate in the karst degraded region of Southwest China.
Impact of non-genetic factors on clinical mastitis incidence in Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Jaglan Komal , Sukhija Nidhi , George Linda , Alex Rani , Verma Archana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mastitis brings on economic losses, declined milk production, uplifted treatment costs and accelerated culling in buffaloes. Also, being multi-etiological in nature, control of mastitis is challenging in dairy animals. Hence, knowing the risk factors governing clinical mastitis incidence in buffalo might help in minimizing its occurrence. So, the present study was undertaken in 96 adult Murrah buffaloes to investigate the effect of parity, period of calving, season of calving and level of milk production on incidence of clinical mastitis using logistic regression in SAS v 9.3. The data of mastitis incidence was collected over a period of eighteen years (1997–2014) from Health record register of Livestock Research Centre of the institute. The incidence of mastitis was maximum in second parity (7.65%) followed by parity five and above (7.41%). Parity and period of calving had significant effects (p < 0.05) on mastitis incidence. The odds ratio for incidence of mastitis of animals in parity (5 and above) was highest (3.832), in comparison to first lactation. The animals calving during the period (2004–2007), exhibited maximum incidence of clinical mastitis (14.75%). Higher mastitis incidence in higher parity animals may be due to the compromised immune system and widened teat canal. Therefore, proper management of animals especially for advanced pregnant animals is recommended for reducing incidence of mastitis.
How well do nurses know their patients? Agreement between patients’ degree-of-worry and nurses’ estimation of patients’ degree-of-worry – an observational study
Authors: Gamst-Jensen Hejdi , Trondarson Tordis , Kallemose Thomas , Poulsen Ingrid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aim
To assess the agreement between patients’ self-reported degree-of-worry (DOW) and nurses’ evaluation of patients’ DOW.
Design
An observational cohort study with patients and their primary nurses.
Methods
Between February 22 to March 27, 2021 data collection among patients and their nurses in an emergency department was carried out. Patients ≥18 years, cognitively intact and Danish or English speaking were eligible to participate. Nurses regardless of seniority and gender were eligible for participation. The single-item degree-of-worry measure, “how worried are you about the condition you are here today on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is minimally worried and 10 is maximum worried” as well as information on gender, age, co-morbidity, triage level, and medical reason for encounter was collected from patients. The corresponding nurses were asked; “how worried do you think your patient is about the condition he/she is there today on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is minimally worried and 10 is maximum worried?” Nurses also supplied data on gender, age, seniority as a registered nurse and in the ED. Agreement between patients’ self-reported degree-of-worry and nurses’ evaluation of patients’ degree-of-worry was assessed with weighted Cohen’s Kappa.
Results
A total of 194 patient-nurse pairs were included for analysis. The agreement between patients’ DOW and nurses’ evaluation of patients’ DOW categorized as DOWlow, DOWmiddle, and DOWhighwas in total agreement in n=85 pairs (43.8%) of the ratings, which corresponds to a weighted Cohen’s Kappa of 0.19 (0.08 to 0.30; p<0.001).
Conclusion
Nurses estimate of their patients’ DOW was in very poor agreement. This indicates that nurses are not able to assess the patient’s DOW to a satisfactory level. This result is troubling as it may have serious consequences for patient care as it indicates that the nurses do not know their patients’ perspectives.
Patient or Public Contribution
Patients were consulted and contributed in regard to the development of the DOW scale – for the current study participants gave informed consent to participation, only.
Comparison of sedation efficacy and safety between dexmedetomidine and propofol during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial
Authors: Zhang Wenyou , Wang Liangrong , Zhu Na , Wu Wenzhi , Liu Haiyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Propofol-balanced sedation is widely used in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures, but sedation-related adverse events (SRAEs) commonly occur. The combination of dexmedetomidine with opioids and benzodiazepines has provided effective sedation with a superlative degree of safety during different clinical scenarios. The aim of this study was to compare sedation efficacy and safety between dexmedetomidine and propofol with a balanced administration of opioids and benzodiazepines during ERCP procedures.
Methods
Forty-one patients were randomly divided into two groups, the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group and the propofol (PRO) group. As premedication, all participants received an intravenous bolus dose of 0.02 mg•kg− 1 midazolam and 0.2 µg•kg− 1 sufentanil. Patients in the DEX group received an additional bolus of 0.6 µg•kg− 1 dexmedetomidine over 2 min followed by a dexmedetomidine infusion at 1.2 µg•kg− 1•h− 1, whereas the PRO group received a 1–2 mg•kg− 1 propofol bolus over 30 s followed by a propofol infusion at 2–3 mg•kg− 1•h− 1. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemia (SpO2 < 90% for > 10 s) during ERCP.
Results
All patients achieved the targeted sedation level with the Ramsay Sedation Scale ≥ 4. When compared with the PRO group, the incidence of hypoxemia was significantly reduced in the DEX group. Respiratory depression (respiratory rate of < 10 bpm•min− 1) was more frequently observed among PRO patients than DEX patients. During procedures, endoscopists’ and patients’ satisfaction scores were comparable between groups, as were patients’ pain and amnesia scores.
Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine provided satisfactory sedation safety with no downstream effects on sedation efficacy when performing ERCP in comparison with propofol in combination with opioids and benzodiazepines.
Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry- ChiCTR2200061468. Date of registration: 25/6/2022.
Differences in Regional Anesthesia Utilization by Hospital Region in the United States
Authors: Beletsky Alexander , Currie Morgan , Helwany Muhammad , Shen Jonathan , Brooks Hunter , Desilva Mahesh , Winston Nutan , Gabriel Rodney A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Regional anesthesia (RA) has demonstrated distinct advantages over general anesthesia, including decreased infection risk, lower rates of complications, and improved patient satisfaction. As such, the rate of RA utilization has been increasing, particularly among outpatient orthopedic surgeries like total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. However, no studies have examined utilization rates as a function of hospital region.
Methods
A national hospital database (Hospital Corporation of American, HCA) was queried for patients 18 years or older that received selected surgical procedure codes between January 2016 and June 2021. The included CPT codes were for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), carpal tunnel release, total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the ankle, and arteriovenous (AV) fistula creation. Regional anesthesia was defined as any form of neuraxial and/or peripheral nerve blocks. Basic summary statistics were utilized to calculate the rates of RA, and chi-squared analysis were calculated to determine significant differences in the rate of RA utilization.
Results
A total of 52068 patients were included, of which 2114 (4.06%) received RA. With respect to RA utilization by procedure, the greatest RA rates were for TSA (5.8%), TKA (4.5), and ACLR (3.6%), whereas the lowest RA rate was for TAH (1.1%). For the TKA cohort, the Midwest has a significantly greater utilization rate than the South or West (10.9% vs. 4.8% or 3.1%, p < 0.001). The Midwest also have the highest utilization rate in the ACLR cohort (8.1%, p < 0.001), TAH cohort (16.7%, p < 0.001) and AV fistula cohort (6.4%, p < 0.001). For the carpal tunnel cohort, the West had the highest utilization rate (11.8% vs. 8.1%, 1.1%, 0%, p < 0.001). The West region also had the highest utilization rate for the ankle ORIF cohort (7.8%, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found by region for TSA (p = 0.312).
Conclusion
Significant variations in RA utilization rates were found by region, with the West having the highest utilization for ankle ORIF and carpal tunnel, and the Midwest having the highest rate for TKA, ACLR, TAH, and AV fistula.
KLF5 and p53 comprise an incoherent feed-forward loop directing cell-fate decisions following stress
Authors: Yang Yizeng , Bhargava Dharmendra , Chen Xiao , Zhou Taicheng , Dursuk Gizem , Jiang Wenpeng , Wang Jinshen , Zong Zhen , Katz Sharyn , Lomberk Gwen , Urrutia Raul , Katz Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In response to stress, cells make a critical decision to arrest or undergo apoptosis, mediated in large part by the tumor suppressor p53. Yet the mechanisms of these cell fate decisions remain largely unknown, particularly in normal cells. Here, we define an incoherent feed-forward loop in non-transformed human squamous epithelial cells involving p53 and the zinc-finger transcription factor KLF5 that dictates responses to differing levels of cellular stress from UV irradiation or oxidative stress. In normal unstressed human squamous epithelial cells, KLF5 complexes with SIN3A and HDAC2 to repress TP53, allowing cells to proliferate. With moderate stress, this complex is disrupted and TP53 is induced; KLF5 then acts a molecular switch for p53 function by transactivating AKT1 and AKT3, which direct cells towards survival. By contrast, severe stress results in KLF5 loss, such that AKT1 and AKT3 are not induced, and cells preferentially undergo apoptosis. Thus, in human squamous epithelial cells, KLF5 gates the response to UV or oxidative stress to determine the p53 output of growth arrest or apoptosis.
HMGB1 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage autophagy and pyroptosis
Authors: Shang Jiawei , Zhao Feng , Cao Yongmei , Ping Feng , Wang Wei , Li Yingchuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Autophagy and pyroptosis of macrophages play important protective or detrimental roles in sepsis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is associated with both pyroptosis and autophagy. lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an important pathogenic factor involved in sepsis. Lentivirus-mediated HMGB1 shRNA was used to inhibit the expression of HMGB1. Macrophages were treated with acetylation inhibitor (AA) to suppress the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytosol. Autophagy and pyroptosis-related protein expressions were detected by Western blot. The levels of caspase-1 activity were detected and the rate of pyroptotic cells was detected by flow cytometry. LPS induced autophagy and pyroptosis of macrophages at different stages, and HMGB1 downregulation decreased LPS-induced autophagy and pyroptosis. Treatment with acetylation inhibitor (anacardic acid) significantly suppressed LPS-induced autophagy, an effect that was not reversed by exogenous HMGB1, suggesting that cytoplasmic HMGB1 mediates LPS-induced autophagy of macrophages. Anacardic acid or an anti-HMGB1 antibody inhibited LPS-induced pyroptosis of macrophages. HMGB1 alone induced pyroptosis of macrophages and this effect was inhibited by anti-HMGB1 antibody, suggesting that extracellular HMGB1 induces macrophage pyroptosis and mediates LPS-induced pyroptosis. In a word, HMGB1 plays different roles in mediating LPS-induced autophagy and triggering pyroptosis according to subcellular localization.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration in Red Sandalwood (Pterocarpus Santalinus)
Authors: Chakraborty Tanushree , Chaitanya K. Viswanatha , Akhtar Nasim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cotyledonary segments from the germinated immature zygotic embryo were used for somatic embryogenesis of red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus). It was established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5% sucrose and amalgamation of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). All treatments were responsive for callus induction with the frequency range between 36–97%. The attempts to obtain embryogenesis with 3% sucrose were ineffective since only non-embryonic callus was observed. The maximum frequency of embryogenic induction (69.44%) was obtained in 0.1 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D; the data was not significantly (p < 0.05) different from the result obtained when 0.1 mg/l BAP and 4 mg/l 2,4-D were used. When explants were treated individually with growth regulators, the maximum (58.33%) frequency was produced by 4 mg/l 2,4-D. The BAP was completely ineffective when used individually. The maximum number of an advanced-stage embryo (2.85) was obtained with treatment 0.1 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D. The maximum plantlets were developed (1.30) when the cotyledonary-staged embryo from 0.1 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D were transferred to MS basal medium. The maturation and germination of somatic embryos were challenging, suggesting the need for molecular approaches through proteomic expression for mass production and understanding the evolution, structure, and genetic organization of the plant species. The plantlets obtained were acclimatized and survived in green house condition. Histological observation showed that the cells of the globular embryos had a dense cytoplasm and a long suspensor and used to distinguish between embryonic and non-embryonic cells.