bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring dust growth in the episodic WCd system WR140
Authors: Eatson J W , Pittard J M , Van Loo S 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The wind collision region (WCR) in a colliding wind binary (CWB) is a particularly violent place, as such, it is surprising that it is also a region where significant quantities of interstellar dust can form. In extreme cases, approximately 30 per cent of the total mass-loss rate of a system can be converted into dust. These regions are poorly understood, as observation and simulation of these systems are difficult. In our previous paper, we simulated dust growth in CWB systems using an advected scalar model and found our model to be suitable for qualitative study. For this paper, we simulated the periodic dust forming CWB (WCd) system WR140 with our dust model, to determine how dust growth changes over the systems periastron passage. We found that dust production increases significantly at periastron passage, which is consistent with IR emission of the surrounding dusty shell. We also find that the dust production rate of the system decreases rapidly as the stars recede from each other, though the rate of decrease is significantly lower than the rate of increase during periastron passage. This was found to be due to strong cooling and its associated thermal instabilities, resulting in cool, high-density pockets of gas in the WCR where dust forms. The WCR also shows a degree of hysteresis, resulting in a radiative post-shock flow even when the stars are separated enough for the region to behave adiabatically.
Management of snake bite during third trimester of pregnancy with coagulopathy and delivery of a live baby in resource-limited setting in Nepal: a case report
Authors: Gupta Ashwini , Bhandari Sudeep , Anand Ayush , Sharma Sanjib Kumar , Gautam Arun , Priyanka K C , Acharya Neeraj , Singh Sweta 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We reported a case of snakebite in an 18-year-old woman, Gravida 2 Para 1+0 in the third trimester of pregnancy who presented with pain and swelling over the left hand and forearm and vaginal spotting. The laboratory investigations revealed coagulopathy attributed to green pit viper envenomation. On the fourth day of admission, the patient developed sudden abdominal pain and massive per vaginal bleeding with haemorrhagic shock, most likely abruptio placentae. In Nepal, no anti-snake venom has been developed for green pit-viper. So, she was managed conservatively, including blood transfusion, and delivered a single live female baby without any foetal complications. The patient was discharged along with the baby after 8 days of hospitalization. This case demonstrated that vigilant observation and appropriate resuscitation with fluids and blood products could save mother and baby in pit viper envenomation cases in settings where specific anti-snake venom is unavailable.
In-stent restenosis of superficial femoral artery: use all arrows in the quiver
Authors: Vadalà Giuseppe , Ceresa Fabrizio , Costa Francesco , Bottari Antonio , Roscitano Giuseppe , Patanè Francesco , Micari Antonio 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a common superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenting complication, occurring in more than one third of patients within 2–3 years after the index procedure. Moreover, there is no standard treatment for ISR, and although many options are available, there is still limited data regarding its optimal management. We report a paradigmatic case report of a patient complaining of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease, underwent multiple endovascular revascularizations for recurrent femoro-popliteal ISR. A step-by-step approach was followed. At the time of the first presentation, the ISR was treated by drug-eluting balloon (DEB) angioplasty. The repeated ISR was treated by laser debulking, achieving a good angiographic result. Finally, after the third repeated restenosis, a combined approach with laser debulking and DEB angioplasty guaranteed a good acute angiographic result. Long-term duplex-scan follow-up demonstrated the good patency of the femoro-popliteal target lesion.
Mass matrices with CP phase in modular flavor symmetry
Authors: Kikuchi Shota , Kobayashi Tatsuo , Tanimoto Morimitsu , Uchida Hikaru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the CP violation and the CP phase of quark mass matrices in modular flavor symmetric models. The CP symmetry remains at τ = e2πi/3 by a combination of the T-symmetry of the modular symmetry. However, T-symmetry breaking may lead to CP violation at the fixed point τ = e2πi/3. We study such a possibility in magnetized orbifold models as examples of modular flavor symmetric models. These models, in general, have more than one candidate for Higgs modes, while generic string compactifications also lead to several Higgs modes. These Higgs modes have different behaviors under the T-transformation. The light Higgs mode can be a linear combination of those modes so as to lead to realistic quark mass matrices. The CP phase of the mass matrix does not appear in a certain case, which is determined by the T-transformation behavior. Deviation from this is important to realize the physical CP phase. We discuss an example leading to a non-vanishing CP phase at the fixed point τ = e2πi/3.
External Jugular Venous Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Nakajima Yuki , Murata Mai , Shudo Kana , Yoshikawa Katsuhiro 
Published: October 2022

Summary:
Venous aneurysms of the external jugular vein (EJV) are exceedingly rare. During the 21-year period from 2000 to 2020, only 30 cases were reported. There have been no reports of serious complications associated with EJV aneurysms. Treatment is mainly for cosmetic reasons, but sometimes for pain or other symptoms. Currently, surgical excision is the most commonly applied therapeutic strategy. In this report, we present the case of a 40-year-old previously healthy woman who presented with a painful mass in her left supraclavicular area after a mild left neck contusion injury one month earlier. A venous aneurysm of the left EJV was diagnosed on the basis of vascular ultrasound and computed tomography angiography and venography findings. The patient underwent surgical removal of the EJV aneurysm for the symptom of pain. The EJV was repaired and preserved based on the intraoperative findings. The treatment resulted in cosmetic improvement and pain relief, with no signs of recurrence.
The T-type calcium channel CaV3.2 regulates bladder afferent responses to mechanical stimuli
Authors: Grundy Luke , Tay Cindy , Christie Stewart , Harrington Andrea M. , Castro Joel , Cardoso Fernanda C. , Lewis Richard J. , Zagorodnyuk Vladimir , Brierley Stuart M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The bladder wall is innervated by a complex network of afferent nerves that detect bladder stretch during filling. Sensory signals, generated in response to distension, are relayed to the spinal cord and brain to evoke physiological and painful sensations and regulate urine storage and voiding. Hyperexcitability of these sensory pathways is a key component in the development of chronic bladder hypersensitivity disorders including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and overactive bladder syndrome. Despite this, the full array of ion channels that regulate bladder afferent responses to mechanical stimuli have yet to be determined. Here, we investigated the role of low-voltage-activated T-type calcium (CaV3) channels in regulating bladder afferent responses to distension. Using single-cell reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence, we revealed ubiquitous expression of CaV3.2, but not CaV3.1 or CaV3.3, in individual bladder-innervating dorsal root ganglia neurons. Pharmacological inhibition of CaV3.2 with TTA-A2 and ABT-639, selective blockers of T-type calcium channels, dose-dependently attenuated ex-vivo bladder afferent responses to distension in the absence of changes to muscle compliance. Further evaluation revealed that CaV3.2 blockers significantly inhibited both low- and high-threshold afferents, decreasing peak responses to distension, and delayed activation thresholds, thereby attenuating bladder afferent responses to both physiological and noxious distension. Nocifensive visceromotor responses to noxious bladder distension in vivo were also significantly reduced by inhibition of CaV3 with TTA-A2. Together, these data provide evidence of a major role for CaV3.2 in regulating bladder afferent responses to bladder distension and nociceptive signalling to the spinal cord.
The Need for Non-profit Psychiatric Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Ghaemi S. Nassir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Current psychiatric drug discovery and development has not produced very effective medications in the past few decades. Conventional wisdom provides reasons for failure that do not address major structural obstacles to true innovation for psychiatric drugs.

Method
Narrative review based on analysis of the scientific literature augmented by personal experience in academic clinical research as well as in the pharmaceutical industry.

Results
The largest obstacles to drug discovery and development are the biological invalidity of most DSM diagnoses, the economic incentives to produce short-term symptomatic treatments with blockbuster profit potential, and very low thresholds set by the FDA for ending drug discovery due to toxicity. Since these larger structural socio-economic obstacles to drug development will be difficult to change, a new proposal is made for a parallel non-profit drug discovery paradigm, to be funded by governments, akin to the development of vaccines for the Covid-19 pandemic. The key public health implications are highlighted in the example of developing new drugs for Alzheimer dementia, and the potential utility of an anti-tau agent like lithium, currently ignored in drug development in favor of much more expensive and questionably effective amyloid-reducing agents.

Conclusions
Given the key structural problems of psychiatric drug discovery and development, a parallel non-profit drug discovery paradigm is needed to meet all public health needs, as well as to reinvigorate truly innovative and transformative research.
IgA nephropathy with mimicking Fabry disease: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sun Liping , Zi Xinyi , Wang Zhen , Zhang Xinzhou 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare, inherited disease lysosomal storage disorder caused by the lack of an alpha-galactosidase enzyme. This genetic disease can affect both men and women. The understanding of FD is very important as this condition can be effectively treated. For women who may exhibit normal residual enzyme activity, the diagnosis is more challenging.

Case presentation:
Herein, we reported on a case of IgA nephropathy and renal disease that mimicked FD in a female patient. The presence of zebra bodies in the cytoplasm of glomerular podocytes is widely accepted as a hallmark pathological manifestation of FD. In the present case, renal biopsy analysis revealed the presence of zebra bodies; however, genetic testing indicated that the patient did not have FD. The mechanisms and causes of zebra body formation remained unclear in the present case. However, the patient responded well to treatment with an angiotensin receptor blocker.

Conclusions:
The reported findings can be useful for the differential diagnosis of FD and renal diseases in the future. Our results also highlight the clinical significance of zebra bodies in renal disease.
Diagnostic accuracy of gastric filling ultrasonography in preoperative invasion depth (T stage) of gastric cancer: Meta-analysis
Authors: Nan Mengmeng , Ye Weihua , Liu Yu , Zhang Zibo 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of gastric filling ultrasonography in the preoperative invasion depth (T staging) of gastric cancer.

Methods:
We systematically searched several online electronic databases including CNKI, Wanfang Medical Database, VIP, CBM, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from January 2010 to December 2021, identifying the study about gastric filling ultrasonography for diagnostic of invasion depth of gastric cancer. Using bivariate mixed effect model to calculate the sensitivity (Sen), specificity (spe), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Draw the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve, likelihood ratio matrix and fagan diagram to evaluate the diagnostic value of gastric filling ultrasonography in the preoperative invasion depth of gastric cancer. Sen analysis and Publication bias tests were performed.

Results:
This study obtained 21 literatures and the quality were good. The pooled Sen and spe of gastric filling ultrasonography was: T1: 0.63 (95% CI:0.51–0.73), 0.96 (95% CI:0.94–0.98); T2: 0.67 (95% CI:0.62–0.71), 0.90 (95% CI:0.88–0.93); T3: 0.79 (95% CI:0.75–0.82), 0.83 (95% CI:0.80–0.86); T4: 0.80 (95% CI:0.73–0.86), 0.96 (95% CI:0.94–0.97), respectively. In addition, the PLR and NLR of gastric filling ultrasonography was: T1: 16.74 (95% CI:9.98–28.09), 0.39 (95% CI:0.29–0.52); T2: 6.98 (95% CI:5.20–9.38), 0.36 (95% CI:0.31–0.42); T3: 4.65 (95% CI:3.78–5.73), 0.26 (95% CI:0.21–0.31); T4: 18.51 (95% CI:12.77–26.83), 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15–0.29), respectively. The DOR of gastric filling ultrasonography in T1-T4 was: 43.17 (95% CI:20.62–90.41),19.13 (95% CI:12.61–29.03), 18.15 (95% CI:12.86–25.62), 90.63 (95% CI:47.36–173.41), respectively. The sROC curve revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of T1-T4 was: 0.93, 0.82, 0.87, 0.97, respectively. Sen analysis indicated that the study was steadily. And there is no publication bias in this study. But the study has some heterogeneity.

Conclusion:
Gastric filling ultrasonography is useful for clinical preoperative T staging of gastric cancer, and the result indicate that the accuracy of gastric filling ultrasonography in discriminating T1-T4 is higher than that in discriminating T2 - T3. It can be used as an imaging diagnostic method for preoperative T staging of gastric cancer.
Construction and validation of a novel prognostic model for thyroid cancer based on N7-methylguanosine modification-related lncRNAs
Authors: Zhou Yang , Dai Xuezhong , Lyu Jianhong , Li Yingyue , Bao Xueyu , Deng Fang , Liu Kun , Cui Liming , Cheng Li 
Published: October 2022

Background:
To construct and verify a novel prognostic model for thyroid cancer (THCA) based on N7-methylguanosine modification-related lncRNAs (m7G-lncRNAs) and their association with immune cell infiltration.

Methods:
In this study, we identified m7G-lncRNAs using co-expression analysis and performed differential expression analysis of m7G-lncRNAs between groups. We then constructed a THCA prognostic model, performed survival analysis and risk assessment for the THCA prognostic model, and performed independent prognostic analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to evaluate and validate the prognostic value of the model. Furthermore, analysis of the regulatory relationship between prognostic differentially expressed m7G-related lncRNAs (PDEm7G-lncRNAs) and mRNAs and correlation analysis of immune cells and risk scores in THCA patients were carried out.

Results:
We identified 29 N7-methylguanosine modification-related mRNAs and 116 differentially expressed m7G-related lncRNAs, including 87 downregulated and 29 upregulated lncRNAs. Next, we obtained 8 PDEm7G-lncRNAs. A final optimized model was constructed consisting of 5 PDEm7G-lncRNAs (DOCK9−DT, DPP4–DT, TMEM105, SMG7–AS1 and HMGA2–AS1). Six PDEm7G-lncRNAs (DOCK9–DT, DPP4–DT, HMGA2–AS1, LINC01976, MID1IP1–AS1, and SMG7–AS1) had positive regulatory relationships with 10 PDEm7G-mRNAs, while 2 PDEm7G-lncRNAs (LINC02026 and TMEM105) had negative regulatory relationships with 2 PDEm7G-mRNAs. Survival curves and risk assessment predicted the prognostic risk in both groups of patients with THCA. Forest maps and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate and validate the prognostic value of the model. Finally, we demonstrated a correlation between different immune cells and risk scores.

Conclusion:
Our results will help identify high-risk or low-risk patients with THCA and facilitate early prediction and clinical intervention in patients with high risk and poor prognosis.
Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and ultrasound in staging of patients with malignant melanoma
Authors: Weber Philipp , Arnold Andreas , Hohmann Joachim 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 2-18fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and ultrasound (US) for staging patients with malignant melanoma.

Methods:
In total, 258 patients (112 men and 146 women; mean age, 61 ± 16years) met the primary inclusion criteria for malignant melanoma without further malignancy proven by histopathology. This was a retrospective study of the diagnostic accuracy. All data were obtained from the hospital’s patient and radiology information system. Patients formed a consecutive series and were examined by 18F-FDG PET/CT and 176 additionally by US (US as a whole [wUS], peripheral lymph nodes [pUS], abdomen [aUS]), with a total of 584 18F-FDG PET/CT and 697 US. 18F-FDG PET/CT and US revealed 824 and 726 lesions, respectively. Per-patient, per-examination, and per-lesion analyses were also performed. The reference standards used were histopathology or resection of lesions, and follow-up controls using other imaging methods.

Results:
Significant differences (P < .05) were found in the per-examination for the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT (0.80) compared to wUS (0.63) and pUS (0.61), and the specificity of 18F-FDG PET/CT (0.96) compared to wUS (0.98) and aUS (0.99). In the PLA, there were significant differences in sensitivity and specificity for 18F-FDG PET/CT (0.83, 0.91) compared to wUS (0.61, 0.98), pUS (0.60, 0.98), and aUS (0.61, 0.99).

Conclusion:

18F-FDG PET/CT is preferable to US for detecting both lymph node and abdominal metastases.
Long-term effects of hematopoietic growth factors in aplastic anemia patients treated with immunosuppression: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Anzi , Su Dongyun , Luo Jingyuan , Fu Yuhan , Li Qing , Chen Shu 
Published: October 2022

Background and purpose:
Immunosuppressive therapy is the frontline treatment for aplastic anemia patients ineligible for transplantation. The long-term effects of hematopoietic growth factors (HGF) added to standard immunosuppressive therapy are still unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify this issue.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of databases was conducted including 5 international electronic databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and LILACS) and 4 Chinese electronic databases (Chinese Bio-medicine Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database databases) from database inception until February, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials that assigned patients with acquired aplastic anemia treated with immunosuppressive therapy (IST), which compared between the addition of HGF and placebo or no treatment. The co-primary outcome were the overall survival (OS) and late clonal malignant evolution at the end of follow-up.

Results:
Nine randomized controlled trials including 719 participants were identified. The addition of growth factors to immunosuppression yielded no difference in OS (relative risks [RR], 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.18). HGF was not associated with higher occurrence of secondary myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemia (RR, 1.09, 95% CI 0.43–2.78) or paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinemia (RR, 1.38, 95% CI 0.68–2.81) at the end of follow-up. No difference were found in overall response (RR, 1.16, 95% CI 0.98–1.37), infections occurrence (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.51–1.31) or relapse (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.37–1.13).

Conclusions:
HGF as an adjunct to IST has no impact on long-term OS, late clonal malignant evolution, response rate, relapse or infections occurrence. HGF could be added to standard IST for high-risk patients with delayed neutrophil recovery without concern for long-term consequences but could not be recommended as routine clinical practice.

Trial registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021275188.
A randomized controlled trial comparing incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for preoperative intravenous fluid loading, ondansetron, and control groups in a regional hospital setting in a developing country
Authors: Wongyingsinn Mingkwan , Peanpanich Pechprapa , Charoensawan Sirirat 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication in inpatient and outpatient settings. Multimodal approaches have been pursued to minimize this undesirable outcome. Despite consensus guidelines for the management of PONV have been updated and published for many years, data from our pilot study showed that patients with high-risk surgeries for PONV, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), still hardly received perioperative PONV prophylaxis. This study aimed to compare the incidences of PONV in adult patients undergoing elective LC who were administered preoperative intravenous fluid loading, ondansetron, or neither fluid nor ondansetron in the setting of a regional hospital in a developing country.

Methods:
The study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled trial. The total of 171 patients was allocated to three groups: one received fluid loading with Ringer’s lactate solution before the operation; the second received ondansetron; and the third group received neither.

Results:
In total, 156 patients were analyzed. Their demographic data, history of motion sickness/PONV, and smoking status were not significantly different. The overall incidences of PONV within 24 hours of surgery were 29.1% in the fluid group, 18.4% in the ondansetron group, and 25% in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .442). In subgroup analysis, the incidences of PONV and PON in patients younger than 50 years old were significantly different among the three groups (P = .008). A post hoc analysis showed that patients under 50 years in the ondansetron group had significantly lower incidences of PONV and PON than those in the control and fluid groups. However, the incidences of morphine consumption and dizziness in the ondansetron group were significantly higher than those of the two other groups.

Conclusions:
Neither the preoperative intravenous fluid loading nor the ondansetron affected PONV in patients aged 50 and older undergoing LC, compared with control. Ondansetron was beneficial for PON prophylaxis in patients under the age of 50, whereas preoperative intravenous fluid loading was considered a risk factor for PON in this population.