bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bench test of interferometer measurement for the Keda Reconnection eXperiment device (KRX)
Authors: LIU Dongkuan , DING Weixing , MAO Wenzhe , ZHANG Qiaofeng , SANG Longlong , LU Quanming , XIE Jinlin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the need of the electron density measurement for the Keda Reconnection eXperiment (KRX) facility which is under development, an interferometer system has been designed and tested in bench. The 320 GHz solid-state microwave source with 1 mm wavelength is used to fulfill the high phase difference measurement in such low temperature plasma device. The results of the bench test show that the phase difference is accurately measured. In contrast to tens of degrees of phase shift expected to be measured on the KRX, the system noise (∼1°) is low enough for the KRX diagnostics. In order to optimize the system for better performance, we utilize the Terasense sub-THz imaging system to adjust alignment. The interferometer system has also been calibrated via changing of the optical path length controlled by the piezo inertial motor. Simultaneously, high density polyethylene thin film is introduced successfully to change a tiny phase difference and test the sensitivity of the interferometer system.
The Art of Interpretation or the Art of Construction? The Case of Gestorum—A Constitutional Treatise by Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro
Authors: Tracz-Tryniecki Marek , Patrick Higgins J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro was a seventeenth-century Polish statesman whose works on Polish legal theory and history are generally underappreciated. Whenever he is mentioned, it is generally as a defender of the institution liberum veto, which is nearly universally blamed for the decline and eventually collapse of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. This article is part of a contemporary attempt to reignite academic interest in Fredro by bring his work to the attention of comparative constitutional scholars and legal historians, as well as to rehabilitate his reputation. More concretely, it examines the Gestorum, his first major work and a historical treatise, in order to recreate Fredro’s theories of constitutional interpretation in contemporary theoretical parlance: his theory of casus qui facit leges as a constitutional moment, interpretatio/ratio legislatoris vs verbis legis as legislators’ intentionalism vs textualism, and his interpretation vs explication as interpretation vs construction. These latter two sets of distinctions are particularly relevant to ongoing debates about originalistic approaches within comparative constitutional theory and legal history.
Variation in Metadiscourse across Speech and Writing: A Multidimensional Study
Authors: Zhang Man 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Until now, there has been very little unified analysis of metadiscourse across speech and writing. Drawing on a reflexive metadiscourse model, this article conducts a multidimensional analysis of metadiscourse across 10 spoken and written registers in a corpus of 626 texts. Two metadiscourse dimensions, participants’ interaction and discourse presentation, are identified. The more interactive registers are more prominently marked by participants’ interaction, and the more informational registers by discourse presentation. Along metadiscourse dimensions, the 10 registers are lumped into 6 clusters: ‘discussion broadcasts and public conversations’, ‘scripted speeches and unscripted speeches’, ‘general prose and nondiscussion broadcasts’, ‘press and fiction’, ‘casual conversations’, and ‘academic prose’. Metadiscourse markers of both dimensions are frequently used in registers of the first two clusters which are highly interactive and informational, while they rarely occur in registers of the next two clusters which have low interactive or informational focuses. Metadiscourse markers of participants’ interaction are pervasive in the highly interactive register (casual conversations), and those of discourse presentation in the highly informational register (academic prose).
Drug resistance prediction and resistance genes identification in Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on a hierarchical attentive neural network utilizing genome-wide variants
Authors: Jiang Zhonghua , Lu Yongmei , Liu Zhuochong , Wu Wei , Xu Xinyi , Dinnyés András , Yu Zhonghua , Chen Li , Sun Qun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Prediction of antimicrobial resistance based on whole-genome sequencing data has attracted greater attention due to its rapidity and convenience. Numerous machine learning–based studies have used genetic variants to predict drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), assuming that variants are homogeneous, and most of these studies, however, have ignored the essential correlation between variants and corresponding genes when encoding variants, and used a limited number of variants as prediction input. In this study, taking advantage of genome-wide variants for drug-resistance prediction and inspired by natural language processing, we summarize drug resistance prediction into document classification, in which variants are considered as words, mutated genes in an isolate as sentences, and an isolate as a document. We propose a novel hierarchical attentive neural network model (HANN) that helps discover drug resistance-related genes and variants and acquire more interpretable biological results. It captures the interaction among variants in a mutated gene as well as among mutated genes in an isolate. Our results show that for the four first-line drugs of isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB) and pyrazinamide (PZA), the HANN achieves the optimal area under the ROC curve of 97.90, 99.05, 96.44 and 95.14% and the optimal sensitivity of 94.63, 96.31, 92.56 and 87.05%, respectively. In addition, without any domain knowledge, the model identifies drug resistance-related genes and variants consistent with those confirmed by previous studies, and more importantly, it discovers one more potential drug-resistance-related gene.
Calpain7 negatively regulates human endometrial stromal cell decidualization in EMs by promoting FoxO1 nuclear exclusion via hydrolyzing AKT1
Authors: Kang Nannan , Shan Huizhi , Wang Junxia , Mei Jie , Jiang Yue , Zhou Jidong , Huang Chenyang , Zhang Hui , Zhang Mei , Zhen Xin , Yan Guijun , Sun Haixiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Endometrial receptivity damage caused by impaired decidualization may be one of the mechanisms of infertility in endometriosis (EMs). Our previous study demonstrated that Calpain-7 (CAPN7) is abnormally overexpressed in EMs. Whether CAPN7 affects the regulation of decidualization and by what mechanism CAPN7 regulates decidualization remains to be determined. In this study, we found CAPN7 expression decreased during human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization in vitro. CAPN7 negatively regulated decidualization in vitro and in vivo. We also identified one conserved potential PEST sequence in the AKT1 protein and found that CAPN7 was able to hydrolyse AKT1 and enhance AKT1’s phosphorylation. Correspondingly, CAPN7 notably promoted the phosphorylation of Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1), the downstream of AKT1 protein, at Ser319, leading to increased FoxO1 exclusion from nuclei and attenuated FoxO1 transcriptional activity in decidualized HESC. In addition, we detected endometrium CAPN7, p-AKT1, and p-FoxO1 expressions were increased in EMs. These data demonstrate that CAPN7 negatively regulates HESC decidualization in EMs probably by promoting FoxO1’s phosphorylation and FoxO1 nuclear exclusion via hydrolyzing AKT1. The dysregulation of CAPN7 may be a novel cause of EMs.
Effects of exogenous progesterone on the expression of mineral regulatory molecules by ovine endometrium and placentomes
Authors: Stenhouse Claire , Halloran Katherine M , Hoskins Emily C , Newton Makenzie G , Moses Robyn M , Seo Heewon , Dunlap Kathrin A , Satterfield Michael C , Gaddy Dana , Johnson Gregory A , Wu Guoyao , Suva Larry J , Bazer Fuller W 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether the acceleration of conceptus development induced by the administration of exogenous progesterone (P4) during the preimplantation period of pregnancy alters calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D signaling at the maternal–conceptus interface. Suffolk ewes (n = 48) were mated to fertile rams and received daily intramuscular injections of either corn oil (CO) vehicle or 25 mg of progesterone in CO (P4) for the first 8 days of pregnancy and hysterectomized on either Day 9 (CO, n = 5; P4, n = 6), 12 (CO, n = 9; P4, n = 4) or 125 (CO, n = 14; P4, n = 10) of gestation. The expression of S100A12 (P &lt; 0.05) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2) (P &lt; 0.01) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was lower in endometria from P4-treated ewes on Day 12. The expression of ADAM10 (P &lt; 0.05) mRNA was greater in endometria from P4-treated ewes on Day 125. The expression of ADAM10 (P &lt; 0.01), FGFR2 (P &lt; 0.05), solute carrier (SLC)20A1 (P &lt; 0.05), TRPV5 (P &lt; 0.05), and TRPV6 (P &lt; 0.01) mRNAs was greater, but KL mRNA expression was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in placentomes from P4-treated ewes at Day 125. There was lower endometrial and greater placentomal expression of mRNAs involved in mineral metabolism and transport in twin compared to singleton pregnancies. Further, the expression of mRNAs involved in mineral metabolism and transport was greater in P4-treated twin placentomes. KL, FGF23, vitamin D receptor (VDR), S100A9, S100A12, S100G, and CYP27B1 proteins were immunolocalized in endometria and placentomes. Exogenous P4 in early pregnancy altered the expression of regulators of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D on Day 125 of pregnancy indicating a novel effect of P4 on mineral transport at the maternal–conceptus interface.
Melatonin prevents oocyte deterioration due to cotinine exposure in mice
Authors: Cheng Jinmei , Mi Panpan , Li Yinchuan , Lu Yajuan , Sun Fei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Levels of cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, have been positively correlated with risks of cigarette smoking-related diseases. Melatonin is synthesized by the pineal gland and has been demonstrated to be beneficial to oocyte maturation due to its antioxidative activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of cotinine on mouse oocyte meiosis and the protective roles of melatonin in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that cotinine exposure caused defects in the first polar body extrusion and reduced parthenogenetic activation in in vitro-matured oocytes. Additionally, cotinine exposure increased the level of oxidative stress, which resulted in aberrant actin distribution, abnormal spindle morphology, chromosome misalignment, and even oocyte aneuploidy. Simultaneously, cotinine exposure decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant gene expression and increased apoptosis-related gene expression. However, all these toxic effects of cotinine could be reversed after the addition of melatonin, and the mechanism may be a decrease in reactive oxygen species production. In conclusion, cotinine causes poor oocyte quality, which could be rescued by melatonin supplementation during meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes.
The “Little Third”: Changing Images of Women Characters Involved in Extramarital Affairs on Chinese TV
Authors: Liao Sara , Ling Qi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor this study, we analyzed the changing images of women characters involved in extramarital affairs in three Chinese TV dramas—Come and Go (CG; Hubei TV & Guangxi TV, 1998), Dwelling Narrowness (DN; Beijing TV & Dragon TV, 2009), and Nothing but Thirty (NT; Dongfang TV & Tencent Video, 2020). We argue here that shifting gender relationships, evolving political, economic, and technological conditions relating to the media industry, and a transition in the broader social environment have motivated a return to patriarchal moral discourse on Chinese TV. Specifically, in keeping with this discourse, extramarital affairs have come to be presented as immoral, primarily for the women involved—the “little third” of the title, this being the literal translation of the Mandarin term for “mistress.” We documented this return to patriarchal moral doctrines that are intended to discipline women and limit the diversity and nuance of culturally accepted forms and expressions of sexual attraction and romance on Chinese TV in case studies of the three programs.
On Grain-Like Small State Stream Ciphers Against Fast Correlation Attacks: Cryptanalysis of Plantlet, Fruit-v2 and Fruit-80
Authors: Wang Shichang , Liu Meicheng , Lin Dongdai , Ma Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The fast correlation attack (FCA) is one of the most important cryptanalytic techniques against LFSR-based stream ciphers. In CRYPTO 2018, Todo et al. found a new property for the FCA and proposed a novel algorithm which was successfully applied to the Grain family of stream ciphers. Nevertheless, these techniques cannot be directly applied to Grain-like small state stream ciphers with keyed update, such as Plantlet, Fruit-v2 and Fruit80. In this paper, we study the security of Grain-like small state stream ciphers by the FCA. We first observe that the number of required parity-check equations can be reduced when there are multiple different parity-check equations. With exploiting the Skellam distribution, we introduce a sufficient condition to identify the correct LFSR initial state and derive a new relationship between the number and bias of the required parity-check equations. Then, a modified algorithm is presented based on this new relationship, which can recover the LFSR initial state no matter what the round key bits are. Under the condition that the LFSR initial state is known, an algorithm is given against the degraded system and to recover the NFSR state at some time instant, along with the round key bits. As cases study, we apply our cryptanalytic techniques to Plantlet, Fruit-v2 and Fruit-80. As a result, for Plantlet, our attack takes $ 2^{73.75} $ time complexity and $ 2^{73.06} $ keystream bits to recover the full 80-bit key. Regarding Fruit-v2, $ 2^{55.34} $ time complexity and $ 2^{55.62} $ keystream bits are needed to determine the secret key. As for Fruit-80, $2^{64.47}$ time complexity and $2^{62.82}$ keystream bits are required to recover the secret key. More flexible attacks can be obtained with lower data complexity at the cost of increasing the attack time. Especially, for Fruit-v2, a key recovery attack can be launched with data complexity of $2^{42.38}$ and time complexity of $2^{73.31}$. Moreover, we have implemented our attack methods on a toy version of Fruit-v2. The attack matches the expected complexities predicted by our theoretical analysis quite well, which proves the validity of our cryptanalytic techniques.
Successful percutaneous closure of aortic root-to-right ventricle fistula after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a valuable option in high-risk surgical patients
Authors: Vrettos Apostolos , Duncan Alison , Ahmed Asrar , Heng Ee Ling , Panoulas Vasileios 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Aortic-to-right ventricle (ARV) fistula is an uncommon complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Even though surgical closure is usually the treatment of choice in such communications, percutaneous treatment options are valuable alternatives for these high-risk surgical patients.

Case summary
In this article, we present the percutaneous closure of an ARV fistula after TAVI, in a highly symptomatic patient with recurrent episodes of heart failure decompensation with worsening right ventricular function, who failed conservative medical treatment and was deemed inoperable. Successful closure of the fistula with the use of the Amplatzer atrial septal occluder was performed 6 months post-TAVI, under general anaesthesia and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE). A detailed multi-modality imaging pre-procedural planning was performed utilizing 4D cardiac computed tomography and echocardiography. The patient has remained asymptomatic and in good health 5 months after the ARV fistula closure, with marked improvement in his clinical picture and echocardiographic parameters.

Discussion
Aortic-to-right ventricle fistulas with significant shunt post-TAVI could lead to biventricular failure and are associated with increased mortality if left untreated. This case demonstrates that TOE-guided percutaneous closure of a TAVI-related ARV fistula, although technically challenging, is feasible, and can be a valuable option for the treatment of symptomatic high-risk surgical patients.
Strength is negatively associated with depression and accounts for some of the sex difference
Authors: Smith Caroline B , Rosenström Tom , Hagen Edward H 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDepression occurs about twice as often in women as in men, a disparity that remains poorly understood. In a previous publication, Hagen and Rosenström predicted and found that grip strength, a highly sexually dimorphic index of physical formidability, mediated much of the effect of sex on depression. Striking results like this are more likely to be published than null results, potentially biasing the scientific record. It is therefore critical to replicate and extend them.MethodologyUsing new data from the 2013–14 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative sample of US households (n = 3650), we replicated models of the effect of sex and grip strength on depression reported in Hagen and Rosenström, along with additional potential confounds and a new detailed symptom-level exploration.ResultsOverall, the effects from the original paper were reproduced although with smaller effect sizes. Grip strength mediated 38% of the effect of sex on depression, compared to 63% in Hagen and Rosenström. These results were extended with findings that grip strength had a stronger association with some depression symptoms, like suicidality, low interest and low mood than with other symptoms, like appetite changes.ConclusionsGrip strength is negatively associated with depression, especially its cognitive–affective symptoms, controlling for numerous possible confounds. Although many factors influence depression, few of these reliably occur cross-culturally in a sex-stratified manner and so are unlikely to explain the well-established, cross-cultural sex difference in depression. The sex difference in upper body strength occurs in all populations and is therefore a candidate evolutionary explanation for some of the sex difference in depression.Lay summary: Why are women at twice the risk of developing depression as men? Depression typically occurs during social conflicts, such as physical or sexual abuse. Physically strong individuals can often single-handedly resolve conflicts in their favor, whereas physically weaker individuals often need help from others. We argue that depression is a credible cry for help. Because men generally have greater strength than women, we argue that men may be more likely to resolve conflicts using physical formidability and women to signal others for help. We find that higher grip strength is associated with lower depression, particularly symptoms like feeling down or thoughts of suicide and that strength accounts for part of the sex difference in rates of depression.
Clinical and radiological factors predicting stroke outcome after successful mechanical intervention in anterior circulation
Authors: Peisker Tomáš , Vaško Peter , Mikulenka Petr , Lauer David , Kožnar Boris , Sulženko Jakub , Roháč Filip , Kučera Dušan , Girsa David , Kremeňová Karin , Widimský Petr , Štětkářová Ivana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe recanalization effect of large-vessel occlusion (LVO) in anterior circulation is well documented but only some patients benefit from endovascular treatment. We analysed clinical and radiological factors determining clinical outcome after successful mechanical intervention. We included 146 patients from the Prague 16 study enrolled from September 2012 to December 2020, who had initial CT/CTA examination and achieved good recanalization status after mechanical intervention (TICI 2b-3). One hundred and six (73%) patients achieved a good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–2 in 3 months). It was associated with age, leptomeningeal collaterals (LC), onset to intervention time, ASPECTS, initial NIHSS, and leukoaraiosis (LA) in univariate analysis. The regression model identified good collateral status [odds ratio (OR) 5.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91–13.08], late thrombectomy (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.65), LA (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.19–1.00), ASPECTS (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08–1.95), and NIHSS score (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78–0.95) as independent outcome determinants. In the late thrombectomy subgroup, 14 out of 33 patients (42%) achieved a favourable clinical outcome, none of whom with poor collateral status. The presence of LC and absence of LA predicts a good outcome in acute stroke patients after successful recanalization of LVO in anterior circulation. Late thrombectomy was associated with higher rate of unfavourable clinical outcome. Nevertheless, collateral status in this subgroup was validated as a reliable selection criterion.
Cross-species transcriptomics identifies core regulatory changes differentiating the asymptomatic asexual and virulent sexual life cycles of grass-symbiotic Epichloë fungi
Authors: Berry Daniel , Lee Kate , Winter David , Mace Wade , Becker Yvonne , Nagabhyru Padmaja , Treindl Artemis D , Bogantes Esteban Valverde , Young Carolyn A , Leuchtmann Adrian , Johnson Linda J , Johnson Richard D , Cox Murray P , Schardl Christopher L , Scott Barry 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fungi from the genus Epichloë form systemic endobiotic infections of cool season grasses, producing a range of host-protective natural products in return for access to nutrients. These infections are asymptomatic during vegetative host growth, with associations between asexual Epichloë spp. and their hosts considered mutualistic. However, the sexual cycle of Epichloë spp. involves virulent growth, characterized by the envelopment and sterilization of a developing host inflorescence by a dense sheath of mycelia known as a stroma. Microscopic analysis of stromata revealed a dramatic increase in hyphal propagation and host degradation compared with asymptomatic tissues. RNAseq was used to identify differentially expressed genes in asymptomatic vs stromatized tissues from 3 diverse Epichloë–host associations. Comparative analysis identified a core set of 135 differentially expressed genes that exhibited conserved transcriptional changes across all 3 associations. The core differentially expressed genes more strongly expressed during virulent growth encode proteins associated with host suppression, digestion, adaptation to the external environment, a biosynthetic gene cluster, and 5 transcription factors that may regulate Epichloë stroma formation. An additional 5 transcription factor encoding differentially expressed genes were suppressed during virulent growth, suggesting they regulate mutualistic processes. Expression of biosynthetic gene clusters for natural products that suppress herbivory was universally suppressed during virulent growth, and additional biosynthetic gene clusters that may encode production of novel host-protective natural products were identified. A comparative analysis of 26 Epichloë genomes found a general decrease in core differentially expressed gene conservation among asexual species, and a specific decrease in conservation for the biosynthetic gene cluster expressed during virulent growth and an unusual uncharacterized gene.