bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure-property relationships of photofunctional diiridium(II) complexes with tetracationic charge and an unsupported Ir–Ir bond
Authors: Zheng Fangrui , Yang Yuhong , Wu Siye , Zhao Shunan , Zhu Yifan , Su Huimin , Dai Jun-Feng , Yan Zeyin , Chung Lung Wa , Wong Keith Man-Chung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn contrast to the extensively studied dirhodium(II) complexes and iridium(III) complexes, neutral or dicationic dinuclear iridium(II) complexes with an unsupported ligand are underdeveloped. Here, a series of tetracationic dinuclear iridium(II) complexes, featuring the unsupported Ir(II)–Ir(II) single bond with long bond distances (2.8942(4)–2.9731(4) Å), are synthesized and structurally characterized. Interestingly, compared to the previous unsupported neutral or dicationic diiridium(II) complexes, our DFT and high-level DLPNO-CCSD(T) results found the largest binding energy in these tetracationic complexes even with the long Ir(II)–Ir(II) bond. Our study further reveals that London dispersion interactions enhance the stability cooperatively and significantly to overcome the strong electrostatic repulsion between two half dicationic metal fragments. This class of complexes also exhibit photoluminescence in solution and solid states, which, to our knowledge, represents the first example of this unsupported dinuclear iridium(II) system. In addition, their photoreactivity involving the generation of iridium(II) radical monomer from homolytic cleavage was also explored. The experimental results of photophysical and photochemical behaviours were also correlated with computational studies.
Enhanced mitigation in nutrient surplus driven by multilateral crop trade patterns
Authors: Lu Hongwei , Feng Wei , Yan Pengdong , Kang Jiajie , Jiang Chunfang , Yu Qing , Yao Tianci , Xue Yuxuan , Liang Dongzhe , Yan Yiming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultilateral crop trade is likely to drive enhancement or mitigation of nutrient surpluses of the trading countries; however, the driving mechanisms are unclear. Here we explore the effects of multilateral crop trade on nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses based on two optimal multilateral crop trade models, a regional nutrient surplus model and crop trade data. Focusing on China and Central Asia, we find that optimal multilateral crop trades are effective to mitigate both nutrient surplus and footprint. Compared to the base year (2018), a single-objective-based crop trade would drive an obvious transition from nitrogen surplus enhancement (1170.5 kt) to mitigation (−705.8 kt over 2030–2034); the phosphorus surplus enhancement would be transferred from 1741.5 to mitigation of −2934 kt. Driven by the bilevel-objective-based crop trade, great mitigations in both nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses are detected, with the projected levels reaching −571 and −2809 kt, respectively. This implies that strengthening optimal multilateral crop trades across the world would facilitate global nutrient management.
Stellar signal components seen in HARPS and HARPS-N solar radial velocities
Authors: Al Moulla K. , Dumusque X. , Figueira P. , Lo Curto G. , Santos N. C. , Wildi F. 
Published: November 2022

Context. Radial velocity (RV) measurements induced by the presence of planets around late-type stars are contaminated by stellar signals that are on the order of a few meters per second in amplitude, even for the quietest stars. Those signals are induced by acoustic oscillations, convective granulation patterns, active regions corotating with the stellar surface, and magnetic activity cycles.
Aims. This study investigates the properties of all coherent stellar signals seen on the Sun on timescales up to its sidereal rotational period. By combining HARPS and HARPS-N solar data spanning several years, we are able to clearly resolve signals on timescales from minutes to several months.
Methods. We used a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) mixture model to determine the quality of the solar data based on the expected airmass–magnitude extinction law. We then fit the velocity power spectrum of the cleaned and heliocentric RVs with all known variability sources, to recreate the RV contribution of each component.
Results. After rejecting variations caused by poor weather conditions, we were able to improve the average intra-day root mean square (rms) value by a factor of ∼1.8. On sub-rotational timescales, we were able to fully recreate the observed rms of the RV variations. In order to also include rotational components and their strong alias peaks introduced by nightly sampling gaps, the alias powers were accounted for by being redistributed to the central frequencies of the rotational harmonics.
Conclusions. In order to enable a better understanding and mitigation of stellar activity sources, their respective impact on the total RV must be well measured and characterized. We were able to recreate RV components up to rotational timescales, which can be further used to analyze the impact of each individual source of stellar signals on the detectability of exoplanets orbiting very quiet solar-type stars and test the observational strategies of RV surveys.
The Possible Protective Effects of Ondansetron and Tropisetron on
Optic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats
Authors: Shayan Maryam , Eslami Faezeh , Khosravi Ayda , Rashidian Amir , Jafari Razie Mohammad , Maroufi Seyed Farzad , Golroudbari Hasti Tashak , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective
effect of cyclosporine – a calcineurin inhibitor–, ondansetron,
and tropisetron-5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 3 receptor (5-HT3R)
antagonists–, on optic nerve crush (ONC) injury in rats. Moreover,
underlying signaling activities of their beneficial neuroprotective effects were
studied.
Methods Adult male rats were treated with the intravitreal administration
of cyclosporine (1.6 mM), ondansetron (100 nM), and tropisetron
(100 nM) immediately after the induction of ONC. Subsequently, on 7th
day after surgery, the rats’ retinas were extracted, and the expression
of apoptotic regulators (Bax and Bcl-2) and calcineurin were studied by western
blot analysis.
Results The induction of ONC injury was associated to higher expression of
Bax and calcineurin, while Bcl-2 expression was considerably decreased in these
animals. Intravitreal treatment with cyclosporine (1.6 mM), ondansetron
(100 nM), and tropisetron (100 nM) significantly attenuated the
increased expression of Bax and calcineurin. Moreover, the treatment with these
agents resulted in an elevated expression of Bcl-2 in the retina.
Conclusion Our findings indicate that cyclosporine, ondansetron, and
tropisetron protect against ONC injury in rats, possibly via the suppression of
apoptosis and modulation of calcineurin activity directly and via 5-HT3
receptors. Moreover, immunoblotting showed that tropisetron was more effective
as opposed to ondansetron. Further studies are needed to evaluate the precise
mechanism behind cyclosporine, ondansetron, and tropisetron activities.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Euscapholide and Tetraketide via Prins Cyclisation and Ring-Closing Metathesis
Authors: Biradar Dhanraj O. , Subba Reddy Basi V. , Mane Yogesh D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA concise and diastereoselective total synthesis of tetraketide and euscapholide is described in ten steps in 10.6% overall yield from acetaldehyde and (S)-pent-4-ene-1,2-diol. Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic­ resolution, Prins cyclization, ring-closing metathesis and oxa-Michael­ addition reactions are the key steps involved in the synthesis.
A Rare Case of Encephalopathy in Children—Known but Unknown
Authors: Jain Mukesh Kumar , Behera Chinmaya Kumar , Panda Sangram , Patnaik Sibabratta , Sahoo Bandya , Mishra Reshmi , Behera Jyoti Ranjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMetronidazole-induced encephalopathy is a rare cause of toxic encephalopathy in children. Although many cases have been reported in adults, it is rarely reported in the pediatric population. Here, we report a case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with acute-onset encephalopathy with slurring of speech after receiving metronidazole for treatment of acute gastroenteritis. Neuroimaging is the cornerstone in the diagnosis of this entity with typical involvement of cerebellum, brain stem, and splenium of the corpus callosum. In our case, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed hyperintensity of the splenium of the corpus callosum on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence along with diffusion restriction in the diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient images. Rapid complete neurological and radiological recovery with supportive treatment is key in making the diagnosis. Although a safer and commonly used drug, new-onset encephalopathy after the use of metronidazole must be considered.
Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices among Pakistani Population regarding COVID-19: An Online Survey-Based Study
Authors: Uzair Mohammad , Farooq Ahmad , Arshad Muhammad , Waheed Usman , Ullah Rana Hissan , Bashir Shahid 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aim The study aims to analyze the knowledge, awareness, and practices among the Pakistani population.
Study Method This is an online survey-based study conducted in July 2020 among the general public of Pakistan. Pretested and structured self-administered questionnaire, designed on Google Forms Inc., was used to collect data. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and measurable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) knowledge data. Assessments on participants' attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 included questions on transmission, symptoms knowledge, and preventive measures.
Results Among the survey completers (n = 962) 61% (n = 590) were male and 39% (n = 372) were female. The majority of participants is aged 18 to 25 and belonged to Punjab. The participants had moderate knowledge regarding disease origin, clinical features, symptoms, and prevention. A vast majority of participants had good knowledge of symptoms and prevention measurements. A good number of participants were also practicing precautionary measures. The majority of participants utilize media and government authorities as authoritative sources of information. The population was also satisfied with the information given by the government.
Conclusion Participants have moderate knowledge regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, reflected by a positive attitude and safe practices. There are gaps in knowledge of the virus, its origin, and transmission. Rumors affect the psychology of people, which may lead to the worst situation of panic conditions.
Septic Pulmonary Embolism: A Contemporary Profile
Authors: Valerio Luca , Baddour Larry M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeptic pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare clinical entity that is distinct from the classic and more common non-septic thrombotic pulmonary embolism. SPE should be suspected in patients with a systemic acute inflammatory reaction or sepsis who develop signs and symptoms of pulmonary involvement. The diagnosis of SPE depends on the specific radiologic finding of multiple, peripheral, nodular, possibly cavitated lesions. SPE should prompt an immediate search for the primary source of infection; typically, right-sided infective endocarditis, cardiac implantable electronic devices, and septic thrombophlebitis as a complication of bone, skin, and soft tissue infection including Lemierre's syndrome, indwelling catheters, or direct inoculation via injection drug use. Invasive treatment of the infection source may be necessary; in thrombophlebitis, the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation remain undefined. Blood cultures may be negative, particularly among patients with recent antibiotic exposure, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy should be considered. The in-hospital mortality of SPE ranges up to 20% in published case series. While trends in the incidence of SPE are unknown, the opioid epidemic, the growing use of cardiac implantable electronic devices worldwide, and the reported increase in cases of septic thrombophlebitis may be leading to an escalation in SPE cases. We provide a contemporary profile of SPE and propose a clinical management algorithm in patients with suspected or confirmed SPE.
Physical and numerical modelling of infiltration and runoff in unsaturated exposed soil using a rainfall simulator
Authors: Mendes Thiago Augusto , Pereira Sávio Aparecido dos Santos , Souza Weber Anselmo dos Ramos , Rebolledo Juan Félix Rodríguez , Gitirana Junior Gilson de Farias Neves , Sales Maurício Martines , da Luz Marta Pereira 
Published: November 2022

Context Tropical soils have complex hydromechanical behaviour compared to ordinary soils and are often found in regions with well-defined wet and dry seasons. The analysis of the interaction between the soil and the atmosphere comprises understanding of multiple phenomena, such as infiltration and runoff. Unfortunately, the dynamics of soil–atmosphere interaction are commonly modelled at the watershed scale, using average parameters that do not allow an in depth understanding of the soil–water phenomena involved. Aims This paper presents an investigation of the soil–atmosphere interaction at the local scale, using numerical and physical modelling of the infiltration and runoff of an exposed tropical soil in a laboratory rainfall simulator. Methods The effect of rainfall with two different intensities of 86.0 and 200.0 mm h−1 was used to physically and numerically evaluate infiltration parameters, runoff, volumetric water content, and degree of saturation at five locations in the soil specimen. Key results Calibration of the numerical model showed a maximum root-mean-square error of 0.17. In addition, the modelling exercises indicated the need for an equilibrium time of 48 h for the sample studied under the imposed conditions. Conclusions Results of numerical simulation showed that the representation of the physical model by the numerical model was satisfactory and promising. Thus, the numerical model showed applicability for validating the boundary conditions of physical tests using rainfall simulators.
Non-parallel currents and the Newton’s third law of motion
Authors: Epp V , Veselkova A V 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We provide an explicit calculation to check that Newtown’s third law holds for non-parallel currents if the field momentum is accounted for. In textbooks of electrodynamics, it is usually noted that in the interaction of non-parallel current elements, the action force is not balanced by the reaction force, though these forces are balanced in the interaction of two closed current-carrying loops. In the case of non-closed current segments the change in the momentum stored in the field should be taken into account. Using a simple model of two non-parallel straight current segments we show how it works. As such a model, two straight orthogonal to each other conductors are considered, with equal charges of opposite signs at the ends of each conductor. For some interval of time, a direct current is supported in the conductors. We show that the total momentum of the system is conserved.
Uniqueness for inverse source problems for fractional diffusion-wave equations by data during not acting time
Authors: Yamamoto M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider fractional diffusion-wave equations with source term which is represented in a form of a product of a temporal function and a spatial function. We prove the uniqueness for inverse source problem of determining spatially varying factor by decay of data as the time tends to

∞

, provided that the source does not work during the observation. Our main result asserts the uniqueness if data decay more rapidly than

1

t
p

with any

p
∈

N

as

t
→
∞

. Data taken not from the initial time are realistic but the uniqueness is not known in general. The proof is based on the analyticity and the asymptotic behavior of a function generated by the solution.
Numerical and experimental investigation of the aerodynamic performance of anomalous energy harvester geometries
Authors: Özkan Musa , Erkan Onur , Basaran Sinan , Bolat Fevzi Cakmak 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, anomalous geometries were examined computationally and experimentally in terms of their aerodynamic performance as energy harvesters. The main motivation of this study is that most of these geometries, discussed in the present study, have not yet been previously considered as energy harvesters in literature. Some well-known geometries alongside these anomalous models were also investigated for comparison in this current study. The examination was conducted by means of the computational and experimental fluid dynamics approaches where the flow around these different models was analyzed in detail to shed light on the crucial aspects encountered during the flow separation over these various geometries. By this means, the lift coefficients of the investigated harvester geometries were considered as the essential parameter for time-dependent analyses in the numerical simulations since this parameter is the main reason for the flow-induced vibrations. Moreover, experimentally obtained voltages and power curves were compared for different geometries. Based on the root mean square values of the numerical lift coefficients, it was found that the best aerodynamically beneficial model is Model-7 (equal-length 3-tines fork shape) and the worst model is Model-5 (perpendicular plane). Velocity vectors and pressure distributions around these best and worst models were also provided to reveal the main differences in flow structures that may lead to a better design of energy harvester geometry for further studies.
Skyrmion–skyrmion interaction induced by itinerant electrons in a ferromagnetic strip
Authors: Iroulart E , Rosales H D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are promising spin textures for building next-generation magnetic memories and spintronic devices. Nevertheless, one of the major challenges in realizing skyrmion-based devices is the stabilization of ordered arrays of these spin textures in different geometries. Here we numerically study the skyrmion–skyrmion interaction potential that arises due to the dynamics of itinerant electrons coupled to the magnetic texture in a ferromagnetic background with racetrack geometry. We consider different topological textures (ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM)), namely: skyrmions, antiskyrmions and biskyrmions. We show that at low electron filling, for sufficiently short separation, the skyrmions strongly couple each other yielding a bound-state bound by electronic dynamics. However, when the filling is increased, the interaction potential energy presents local minima at specific values of the skyrmion–skyrmion distance. Each of these local minima corresponds to energetically stable positions of skyrmions which are ‘protected’ by well-defined energy barriers. By inspecting the local charge density, we find that in the case of AFM skyrmions, the local antiferromagnetic nature prevents electronic penetration into the core, allowing the AFM skyrmions to be seen as infinite potential barriers for electrons.
Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB
Authors: Bauer Stephan , Behr Ralf , Herick Jonas , Kieler Oliver , Kraus Marco , Tian Hao , Pimsut Yoawaret , Palafox Luis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
About 60 years after the discovery of the Josephson effect, electrical DC voltage calibrations are routinely performed worldwide—mostly using automated Josephson voltage standards (JVSs). Nevertheless, the field of electrical quantum voltage metrology is still propagating towards AC applications. In the past 10 years the fabrication of highly integrated arrays containing more than 50 000 or even 300 000 junctions has achieved a very robust level providing highly functional devices. Such reliable Josephson arrays are the basis for many novel applications mainly focussing on precision AC measurements for signal frequencies up to 500 kHz. Two versions of quantum AC standards are being employed. Programmable JVS, based on series arrays divided into subarrays, reach amplitudes up to 20 V and usually are used as quantum voltage reference in measurement systems. Pulse driven arrays reach amplitudes up to 1 V or even 4 V and are typically used as Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers. This paper summarizes the principal contributions from Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt to the present state of JVS with particular focus on developments for precision metrological applications and our proof-of-concept demonstrations.
A sound source localization method based on improved second correlation time delay estimation
Authors: Liu Mengran , Zeng Qiang , Jian Zeming , Peng Yang , Nie Lei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The sound source localization (SSL) system based on the microphone array has important applications in audio and video conference, security monitoring and intelligent cockpit. However, the SSL method based on time difference of arrival is susceptible to ambient noise. Therefore, an improved second correlation delay estimation algorithm is proposed in this paper. The pure source signal is obtained by wavelet denoising, and then the time delay is calculated by the second correlation time delay estimation algorithm with the weighting functions of the smoothed coherence transform and the Roth processor. The position of the sound target is calculated from the time delay. Aiming at the moving target, an extended Kalman filter is introduced to track the moving trajectory of the sound source. The static and moving SSL simulations are conducted and the results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of the single-weighted quadratic correlation (SQC) algorithm and the high-power quadratic correlation algorithm. The static sound source positioning errors of the proposed algorithm under −10 dB SNR are respectively 3.97 m and 5.86 m smaller than those of the HQC algorithm and the SQC algorithm. The moving SSL trajectory based on the proposed algorithm is still closest to the real track under −10 dB SNR. This indicates that the proposed algorithm has high precision and strong robustness for sound source location in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment. In the experiment, the proposed algorithm can accurately calculate the direction of arrival (DOA) of static sound source and stably track DOA of moving sound source. This is consistent with the simulation results, which further verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm. This novel algorithm with high time delay estimation accuracy is of great significance for SSL in low SNR environment.
Torsion pendulum measurement method for time varying moment of inertia
Authors: Wang Jun , Zheng Liu , Zhang Xiaoling , Li Zhenhua , Zhou Qichao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A time-varying moment of inertia (MOI) measurement model based on the torsion pendulum method is studied. According to the principle of dynamics, the motion equation of torsion pendulum with single degree of freedom is established by using the second Lagrange equation modeling, which indicates the time-varying MOI can be obtained by the instantaneous undamped natural frequency of torsional pendulum motion and the torsion bar coefficient. Among them, the instantaneous frequency is calculated by the instantaneous angular frequency and envelope signal of angular displacement using Hilbert transform. The torsion bar coefficient is calibrated by the standard weight with known MOI, and has been compensated by temperature. Based on air floating turntable, the torsion pendulum system is built to measure the MOI of fine sand in the funnel, which can minimize the effects of mechanical friction. The relative error of MOI between calculating the result and measuring the value is less than 0.65%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed time varying temperature compensation method.