bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermography Supported Color Duplex Ultrasound Accelerates ALT Perforator Imaging
Authors: Illg Claudius , Krauss Sabrina , Rachunek Katarzyna , Thiel Johannes Tobias , Daigeler Adrien , Schäfer Ruth Christine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background The anterolateral thigh flap is a versatile and dependable perforator flap and is a popular choice in the reconstruction of various body sites. The variable perforator anatomy suggests preoperative perforator imaging to improve safety and speed of dissection. An innovative perforator imaging technique is thermography, which lately gained attention in plastic surgery.
Methods Thirty-two healthy participants were included in this randomized study. One thigh was examined with dynamic infrared thermography and consecutively with ultrasound, while the contralateral thigh was examined with ultrasound as standalone technology.
Results The application of dynamic infrared thermography prior to ultrasound perforator identification significantly accelerated the ultrasound examination duration by 90 to 130 seconds. The mean duplex ultrasound examination duration correlated positively with the hotspot and perforator quantity per thigh.
Conclusion The addition of thermographic perforator mapping can accelerate color duplex ultrasound anterolateral thigh perforator imaging. Furthermore, thermography supplements color duplex ultrasound with crucial information on angiosome location.
A Peculiar Case of Ischemic Fasciitis Appeared on a Pressure Ulcer after 10 Days of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
Authors: Recchi Vania , Peltristo Benedetta , Talevi Davide , Scalise Alessandro , Benedetto Giovanni Di 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we reported a single case of ischemic fasciitis in a young woman with a progressive immobilization due to a multifocal demyelinating disease of central nervous system, which appeared on an extensive pressure ulcer of the sacral region treated with 10 days of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Wound examination revealed a significant nontender brown neoformation (9 cm in length × 10 cm in width × 7 cm in height), fixed to the sacrum, presenting hard consistency, and grown in the central portion of the sacral pressure sore. The histologic examination showed central fibrinoid necrosis, and vascular and atypical fibroblastic proliferations, and a diagnosis of ischemic fasciitis was made. Ischemic fasciitis is a rare benign proliferation of atypical fibroblasts that occurs in physically weak patients with reduced mobility. In the literature, the relationship between the use of NPWT on pressure ulcers and the development of ischemic fasciitis is, to the best of our knowledge, not described yet.
Surgical Techniques to Prevent Nipple-Areola Complex Malposition in Two-Stage Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Komiya Takako , Ojima Yosuke , Ishikawa Takashi , Matsumura Hajime 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Appropriate position of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is crucial following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). The prevention of NAC malposition in two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction has not been well described, and the efficacy of the techniques has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of our technique to prevent NAC malposition in patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction after NSM.
Methods Patients who underwent two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction with NSM between January 2012 and December 2019 were included. We used a surgical technique to fix the NAC to the rigid base, assuming a pocket-like appearance, with pectoralis major muscle and lateral adipofascial flap at the time of tissue expander (TE) insertion. Patients were classified into two groups based on the performance of the technique for the prevention of NAC malposition.
Results In 35 patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction after NSM, the clavicle-to-nipple distance ratio was 96.0 ± 5.0% in those who underwent NAC fixation and 86.1 ± 11.5% in those who did not undergo NAC fixation.
Conclusions Using our technique, NAC malposition could be prevented in two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction. NAC fixation during TE insertion was found to be extremely effective. This procedure successfully prevented NAC malposition without the formation of extra scars.
Anatomical Study of the Close Association between Latissimus Dorsi and Surrounding Muscles. How to Safely Harvest the Muscle?
Authors: Oh Sangho , Kim Hyunju , Lee Jae-Ho , Son Daegu 
Published: September 2022

Abstracts
Background We suggested an easy and effective harvesting technique to avoid injury to tissues adjacent to the latissimus dorsi (LD).
Methods Between 2007 and 2017, breast reconstruction was performed with an LD flap using the “bottom-up” technique. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Data on postoperative complications, results, and follow-up were obtained. Nine cadaveric dissections were performed to assess positional relationships between LD and adjacent muscles based on the ribs where relevant muscles and LD attach. Overall, 78 LD flaps were harvested without complications.
Results Average age was 45.4 years. The mean operation time was 260 minutes. There were no abnormalities or injuries in the adjacent fascia and muscles during the flap harvest. Drains were removed at an average of 21.9 days postoperatively. In all cadavers, there was conjoined fascia between the thoracolumbar and LD fasciae. The average level of the merging point between the LD and external oblique muscle (EOM) was 8.9 to 11.1 ribs. The average level of the overlapping point between the LD and serratus posterior inferior (SPI) was 9.5 to 11.1 ribs.
Conclusions There are three dangerous zones during LD flap harvesting. The first zone is where the conjoined fascia encompasses the LD and thoracolumbar fasciae. The second zone is where the LD merges with the EOM and the serratus anterior. The third zone is the lower part where the LD merges with the SPI and EOM. The “bottom-up” technique enables a more meticulous and atraumatic operation by beginner flap surgeons.
Learners' Responses to a Virtual Cadaver Dissection Nerve Course in the COVID Era: A Survey Study
Authors: Lisiecki Jeffrey L. , Johnson Shepard Peir , Grant David , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Virtual education is an evolving method for teaching medical learners. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, remote learning has provided a replacement for conferences, lectures, and meetings, but has not been described as a method for conducting a cadaver dissection. We aim to demonstrate how learners perceive a virtual cadaver dissection as an alternative to live dissection.
Methods A virtual cadaver dissection was performed to demonstrate several upper extremity nerve procedures. These procedures were livestreamed as part of an educational event with multimedia and interactive audience questions. Participants were queried both during and after the session regarding their perceptions of this teaching modality.
Results Attendance of a virtual dissection held for three plastic surgery training institutions began at 100 and finished with 70 participants. Intrasession response rates from the audience varied between 68 and 75%, of which 75% strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the virtual environment. The audience strongly agreed or agreed that the addition of multimedia captions (88%), magnified video loupe views (82%), and split-screen multicast view (64%) was beneficial. Postsession response rate was 27%, and generally reflected a positive perspective about the content of the session.
Conclusions Virtual cadaver dissection is an effective modality for teaching surgical procedures and can be enhanced through technologies such as video loupes and multiple camera perspectives. The audience viewed the virtual cadaver dissection as a beneficial adjunct to surgical education. This format may also make in-person cadaver courses more effective by improving visualization and allowing for anatomic references to be displayed synchronously.
Operation of Cs–Sb–O activated GaAs in a high voltage DC electron gun at high average current
Authors: Bae Jai Kwan , Andorf Matthew , Bartnik Adam , Galdi Alice , Cultrera Luca , Maxson Jared , Bazarov Ivan 
Published: September 2022

Negative Electron Affinity (NEA) activated GaAs photocathodes are the most popular option for generating a high current (&gt;1 mA) spin-polarized electron beam. Despite its popularity, a short operational lifetime is the main drawback of this material. Recent works have shown that the lifetime can be improved by using a robust Cs–Sb–O NEA layer with minimal adverse effects. In this work, we operate GaAs photocathodes with this new activation method in a high voltage environment to extract a high current. We demonstrate that improved chemical resistance of Cs–Sb–O activated GaAs photocathodes allowed them to survive a day-long transport process from a separate vacuum system using a vacuum suitcase. During beam running, we observed spectral dependence on lifetime improvement. In particular, we saw a 45% increase in the lifetime at 780 nm on average for Cs–Sb–O activated GaAs compared to Cs–O activated GaAs.
Anticausatives in Classical Armenian
Authors: Kocharov Petr 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study contributes to the description of the coding of anticausatives and causative-anticausative
alternation in Classical Armenian based on conventional typologically-oriented questionnaires and a dataset of verbs attested in
the Armenian translation of the Bible. The synchronic evidence is then analyzed from a diachronic perspective with an outlook on
modern varieties of Armenian and the Proto-Indo-European reconstruction.
It is argued that discriminating between the derivational and inflectional tiers allows for a better explanation
of the morphological links between the patterns used to code causative-anticausative alternation in verbs of different semantic
types. According to preliminary quantitative estimations, the overall valency orientation of Classical Armenian is dominated by a
nondirected equipollent coding strategy. Altogether, when coded by transitivizing pairs, causative-anticausative alternation shows
preference for noncausal verbs of the a-conjugation, the paradigm of which typically combines equipollent
perfective forms with labile imperfective ones.
An improved descriptive model enables a better cross-linguistic alignment of coding patterns as illustrated by
comparing Classical Armenian to other cognate languages. Classical Armenian provides additional evidence on the typologically
common split in the coding of causative-anticausative pairs. Whereas the transitivizing and equipollent (and marginally
suppletive) patterns are diachronically stable within the prehistory of Armenian, the labile strategy constitutes a major
innovation typical for the imperfective part of the verbal paradigm.
Microstructure evolution and microhardness of thermal-simulated HAZ in Fe–Mn–Al–C steel
Authors: Xing Mei , Wan Ya-xiong , Zhang Xiao-feng , Lin Fang-min , Zhang Peng-yan , Huang Zhen-yi 
Published: September 2022

The microstructure evolution and microhardness of Fe–Mn–Al–C steel heat-affected zone (HAZ) were investigated systematically using the weld thermal simulation technique. The results illustrated that the microstructure in HAZ with different peak temperatures (600, 800, 1000 and 1300°C) and heat inputs (10, 20 and 30 kJ cm–1) mainly consisted of ferrite and austenite. When the peak temperature was 1300°C, there are many high-angle grain boundaries which may inhibit crack propagation. With the increase in heat input, κappa carbide precipitation increased, the grain size became finer and microhardness increased. The microhardness was 438 HV when the peak temperature was 1300°C at 30 kJ cm–1. Highlights The welding of high carbon, high aluminium and low-density steel was simulated. The HAZ was composed of austenite and a small amount of high-temperature δ-ferrite. The proportion of high- and low-angle grain boundaries has a great influence on the mechanical properties. The welding heat input was 30 kJ cm–1, the grain size of the HAZ decreased and microhardness was the largest.
Photoisomerization and ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of toxic deoxyguanosine adduct ANdG: a theoretical study
Authors: Zhao Yu , Cui Xixi , Meng Qingtian , Zhang Changzhe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The toxic deoxyguanosine adduct (ANdG) is one of the most representative carcinogenic DNA adducts, resulting from human exposure to aromatic amine (AA). Accordingly, the ultrasensitive detection of AA-derived adduct in DNA with minimal disturbance to the native structures is key to elucidating carcinogenesis mechanisms and mitigating cancer risk. Considering the lack of adequate intrinsic optical emission in two obtained rotamers (ANG1 and ANG2), a set of quasi-intrinsic fluorescent probes based on the complementary cytosine are proposed to identify covalent G-adduct. It is found that the expanded C-analogues in solution could bring red-shifted absorption maxima and enhanced photoluminescence due to the additional π-conjugation. In particular, because PhpC possesses large Stokes shift (98 nm) and the highest fluorescence intensity (f
flu. = 0.546) in emission, it is proposed as the biosensor to monitor the optical changes in the presence and absence of the considered ANG. Compared with native C base, the absorption maximum of PhpC is red-shifted by 145 nm, which contributes to the selective excitation after incorporating into the nucleic acids. More importantly, the fluorescence is insensitive to base pairing with natural guanine, while the efficient fluorescence quenching is observed after pairing with ANG1/ANG2 as a result of the obvious excited state intermolecular charge transfer. To evaluate the direct application of the bright C-analogues with a high selectivity for deoxyguanosine adduct ANdG in DNA, we further examined the effect of linking deoxyribose on absorption and fluorescence emission, which are consistent with the experimental data.
Development, characterization, and applications of a portable analyzer for continuous monitoring of H2S in gas streams
Authors: Marzouk Sayed A M , Abuhattab Bashar Y , Alnaqbi Mohamed A R A , Bufaroosha Muna S , Al-Marzouqi Mohamed H , Abdullatif Nadia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A bench-scale analyzer for continuous monitoring of H2S in gas streams was previously described (2012 Sens. Actuators B 162 377–83). The analyzer was based on the exothermic reaction between the scrubbed H2S, in alkaline solution, with hydrogen peroxide. The analyzer offers several advantages but suffers from a relatively slow response time (i.e. 7 min) and a relatively low sensitivity (limit of detection = 100 ppm). In the present work, a substantially improved detector design and direct mixing of the gas with the liquid reagents are described. The improved detector, in the form of a coiled thin-walled stainless-steel (SS) tube also acts as a compartment for direct gas absorption and reaction with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide reagents, which eliminates the need for a gas scrubber based on microporous hollow fiber membranes (HFMs). The average temperature of the SS coil was measured by three thermocouples attached to the outer surface of the coil with thermally conductive epoxy. The improved detector design and the simplified scheme proved very successful in achieving six times faster response (i.e. 70 s) and ten times more sensitive response (i.e. 10 ppm) in the gas stream and improved repeatability (coefficient of variation = 0.55%). In addition, the previously reported advantages, such as excellent signal stability, wide dynamic range (up to 5% H2S) and convenient tuning of the sensitivity and linearity by varying the ratio between the gas and reagent flow rates were perfectly retained. The improved detector is utilized to construct a compact portable version of the H2S analyzer (∼6 kg), which provides a stand-alone operation for real-time monitoring of H2S in the gas stream for up to 4 h prior to the need for reagent refill or battery recharge. The applications of the described portable analyzer in monitoring H2S removal from H2S–N2 gas stream using an HFM contactor and absorption solvent, and in the determination of sulfide ions in liquid samples are presented. A comparison between the response of the present portable H2S analyzer and a commercial analyzer is also presented.
A simple mechanical model of the drumroll
Authors: Oss Stefano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We propose an experiment in which the sound of a drumroll is recorded and analysed according to a simple mechanical model in which the inelastic restitution coefficient of the collision between the stick and drum surface, as well as the ongoing kinematics of the drumstick, are considered. The agreement shows that this model is well suited for describing the most relevant features of drumstick behaviour during this type of motion.
Quantum coherence-control of thermal energy transport: the V model as a case study
Authors: Ivander Felix , Anto-Sztrikacs Nicholas , Segal Dvira 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Whether genuine quantum effects, particularly quantum coherences, can offer an advantage to quantum devices is a topic of much interest. Here, we study a minimal model, the three-level V system coupled to two heat baths, and investigate the role of quantum coherences in heat transport in both the transient regime and in the nonequilibrium steady-state. In our model, energy is exchanged between the baths through two parallel pathways, which can be made distinct through the nondegeneracy of excited levels (energy splitting Δ) and a control parameter α, which adjusts the strength of one of the arms. Using a nonsecular quantum master equation of Redfield form, we succeed in deriving closed-form expressions for the quantum coherences and the heat current in the steady state limit for closely degenerate excited levels. By including three ingredients in our analysis: nonequilibrium baths, nondegeneracy of levels, and asymmetry of pathways, we show that quantum coherences are generated and sustained in the V model in the steady-state limit if three conditions, conjoining thermal and coherent effects are simultaneously met: (i) the two baths are held at different temperatures. (ii) Bath-induced pathways do not interfere destructively. (iii) Thermal rates do not mingle with the control parameter α to destroy interference through an effective local equilibrium condition. Particularly, we find that coherences are maximized when the heat current is suppressed. Although we mainly focus on analytical results in the steady state limit, numerical simulations reveal that the transient behavior of coherences contrasts the steady-state limit: large long-lived transient coherences vanish at steady state, while weak short-lived transient coherences survive, suggesting that different mechanisms are at play in these two regimes. Enhancing either the lifetime of transient coherences or their magnitude at steady state thus requires the control and optimization of different physical parameters.
Resonant collisions among diverse solitary waves of the (2 + 1)-dimensional asymmetrical Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation
Authors: Jiang Lin , Li Xin , Li Biao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
According to N-soliton solutions generated by the Hirota’s bilinear method, the resonant collisions among diverse solitary waves can be obtained when the phase shifts of involved solitary waves tend to infinity. Under this constraint, the resonant collisions among a lump and dark line solitons can be derived from that of a breather and dark line solitons by means of an ingenious limiting approach. This paper takes the

2
+
1

-dimensional asymmetrical Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation as an example to introduce how to utilize this constraint to derive the resonant collisions among different solitary waves containing breather, lump and dark line solitons in detail. At the same time, the dynamic behaviors of the interacting waveforms are exhibited visually by some figures which include intriguing phenomena. And the characteristics and properties of these interacting waveforms are discussed. In terms of feasibility and practicability, the procedures of analysis in this paper can be exploited widely to study resonant collisions of different waveforms in other integrable systems. The results obtained would enhance the completeness of nonlinear localized wave theory.
Updating non-standard neutrinos properties with Planck-CMB data and full-shape analysis of BOSS and eBOSS galaxies
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Nunes Rafael C. , Yadav Priya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing the latest observational data from Planck-CMB and its combination with the pre-reconstructed full-shape (FS) galaxy power spectrum measurements from the BOSS DR12 sample and eBOSS LRG DR16 sample, we report the observational constraints on the cosmic neutrino properties given by the extended ΛCDM scenario: ΛCDM +Neff+ ∑mν+c2eff+c2vis+ξν, and its particular case ΛCDM +c2eff+c2vis+ξν, whereNeff, ∑mν,c2eff,c2vis,ξνare the effective number of species, the total neutrino mass, the sound speed in the neutrinos rest frame, the viscosity parameter and the degeneracy parameter quantifying a cosmological leptonic asymmetry, respectively. We observe that the combination of FS power spectrum measurements with the CMB data significantly improves the parametric space of the models compared to the CMB data alone case. We find no evidence for neutrinos properties other than the ones predicted by the standard cosmological theory. Our most robust observational constraints are given by CMB + BOSS analysis. For the generalized extended ΛCDM scenario, we findc2eff= 0.3304+0.0064-0.0075,c2vis= 0.301+0.037-0.033,ξν< 0.05,Neff= 2.90 ± 0.15 at 68% CL, with ∑mν< 0.116 eV at 95% CL. These are the strongest limits ever reported for these extended ΛCDM scenarios.