bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of early stellate ganglion block in cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (BLOCK-CVS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jing Longnian , Wu Youxuan , Liang Fa , Jian Minyu , Bai Yang , Wang Yunzhen , Liu Haiyang , Wang Anxin , Chen Xiaolin , Han Ruquan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Stellate ganglion block has been reported to expand cerebral vessels and alleviate vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the causal relationship between early stellate ganglion block and cerebral vasospasm prevention has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of early stellate ganglion block as a preventive treatment for cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia.

Methods/design
This is a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded endpoint assessment superiority trial. A total of 228 patients will be randomized within 48 h of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage onset in a 1:1 ratio into two groups, one group receiving an additional e-SGB and the other group receiving only a camouflaging action before anesthesia induction in the operating room. The primary outcome is the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm within 14 days after aSAH. Further safety and efficacy parameters include the incidence of radiographic vasospasm, new cerebral infarction, postoperative delirium, and complications up to 90 days after surgery; postoperative cerebral hemodynamics; Mini-Mental State Examination score; modified Rankin scale score; and all-cause mortality up to 90 days after surgery.

Discussion
This is a randomized controlled trial to explore the effectiveness and safety of early stellate ganglion block as a preventive treatment to reduce cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. If the results are positive, it may provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia.

Trial registration
The study was registered on Clincaltrials.gov on December 13, 2020 (NCT04691271).
Association between water, sanitation, and hygiene access and the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Wolayita, Ethiopia
Authors: Phillips Anna E. , Ower Alison K. , Mekete Kalkidan , Liyew Ewnetu Firdawek , Maddren Rosie , Belay Habtamu , Chernet Melkie , Anjulo Ufaysa , Mengistu Birhan , Salasibew Mihretab , Tasew Geremew , Anderson Roy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Geshiyaro project is a 5-year intervention to assess the impact of community- and school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) interventions on reducing infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and schistosome parasites in combination with deworming in Wolayita zone, Ethiopia.MethodsA population-based, cross-sectional census and parasitological mapping activity was conducted between 2018 and 2019. Individuals in the census were identified using either a registered study ID card or biometric fingerprint to enable linkage of their household WaSH data with baseline STH and schistosome prevalence for risk analysis.ResultsPrevalence of STH was 15.5% for any STH species, 9.47% forAscaris lumbricoides, 1.78% forTrichuris trichiura, and 7.24% for hookworm. Intestinal schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni) infection prevalence was 0.85% by Kato Katz, 21.6% by POC-CCA trace positive (Tr +), and 13.3% trace negative (Tr-). Microhaematuria was 2.77%, with 0.13% of people examined withS. haematobiumeggs detected by urine filtration. At the household level, increased (> 30 min) time taken to collect drinking water, sharing a latrine, and lack of handwashing facilities were all associated with a greater risk ofA. lumbricoides, hookworm, andS. mansoniinfection. Not disposing of infant stool at the household and clothes washing/recreational freshwater contact were significantly associated with higher risk of schistosomiasis infection. Aggregating WaSH data at the community level showed odds ofA. lumbricoides,hookworm, andT. trichiurainfection were significantly lower as both community sanitation coverage and access to improved drinking water improved.ConclusionsThe principal finding of this study is that lack of access to WaSH, such as improved drinking water and shared toilet and hand-washing facilities, were linked to an increased risk of infection with STH and schistosome parasites. These associations are difficult to establish at an individual household level because of wide variability in access between houses but are detectable when coverage is aggregated at the community level. Maintenance of WaSH facilities as well as increased access within the whole community is important in influencing the community-wide prevalence of infection with STH and schistosome parasites.Graphical Abstract
Macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype through NF-κB signaling in patients with Behçet’s disease
Authors: Wu Xiuhua , Wang Zhimian , Shi Jing , Yu Xin , Li Chaoran , Liu Jinjing , Zhang Fengchun , Chen Hua , Zheng Wenjie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Macrophages are key innate immune cells implicated in the pathogenesis of Behçet’s disease (BD), and macrophage polarization plays a pivotal role in inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate the role of BD serum on the phenotypes and functions of macrophage polarization.

Methods
BD or HC serum-treated human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) were examined M1/M2 phenotypes using flow cytometry and ELISA. The phagocytic capacity of HMDMs and CD4+T cell differentiation facilitated by HMDMs were measured by flow cytometry. Transcriptome analysis of BD and HC serum-stimulated HMDMs was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes. NF-κB signaling was examined using western blot to explore the mechanism of macrophage polarization induced by BD serum.

Results
BD serum-treated macrophages expressed a higher level of CD86, IL-12, and TNF-α and a lower level of CD163, which were compatible with the M1-like phenotype. Furthermore, BD serum-treated macrophages showed enhanced phagocytic capacity and promoted more Th1 cell differentiation. Sixty-one differentially expressed genes were identified between BD and HC serum-treated macrophages and were enriched in NF-κB signaling. BD serum-treated macrophages showed upregulated p-p65 and downregulated IκBα, and NF-κB inhibitor attenuated BD serum-stimulated M1-like phenotype.

Conclusions
BD serum promoted macrophage polarization toward a proinflammatory M1-like phenotype through NF-κB signaling and potentially facilitated inflammation in BD. M1 polarized macrophages may be a potential therapeutic target for BD.
Effective treatment of intractable diseases using nanoparticles to interfere with vascular supply and angiogenic process
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Ahmad , Ghoddusi Johari Hamed , Anbardar Mohammad Hossein , Tayebi Lobat , Vafa Ehsan , Abbasi Milad , Vaez Ahmad , Golchin Ali , Amani Ali Mohammad , Jangjou Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAngiogenesis is a vital biological process involving blood vessels forming from pre-existing vascular systems. This process contributes to various physiological activities, including embryonic development, hair growth, ovulation, menstruation, and the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. On the other hand, it is essential in treating a wide range of pathological diseases, such as cardiovascular and ischemic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, malignancies, ophthalmic and retinal diseases, and other chronic conditions. These diseases and disorders are frequently treated by regulating angiogenesis by utilizing a variety of pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic agents or molecules by stimulating or suppressing this complicated process, respectively. Nevertheless, many traditional angiogenic therapy techniques suffer from a lack of ability to achieve the intended therapeutic impact because of various constraints. These disadvantages include limited bioavailability, drug resistance, fast elimination, increased price, nonspecificity, and adverse effects. As a result, it is an excellent time for developing various pro- and anti-angiogenic substances that might circumvent the abovementioned restrictions, followed by their efficient use in treating disorders associated with angiogenesis. In recent years, significant progress has been made in different fields of medicine and biology, including therapeutic angiogenesis. Around the world, a multitude of research groups investigated several inorganic or organic nanoparticles (NPs) that had the potential to effectively modify the angiogenesis processes by either enhancing or suppressing the process. Many studies into the processes behind NP-mediated angiogenesis are well described. In this article, we also cover the application of NPs to encourage tissue vascularization as well as their angiogenic and anti-angiogenic effects in the treatment of several disorders, including bone regeneration, peripheral vascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, ischemic stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, post-ischemic cardiovascular injury, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, gene delivery-based angiogenic therapy, protein delivery-based angiogenic therapy, stem cell angiogenic therapy, and diabetic retinopathy, cancer that may benefit from the behavior of the nanostructures in the vascular system throughout the body. In addition, the accompanying difficulties and potential future applications of NPs in treating angiogenesis-related diseases and antiangiogenic therapies are discussed.
Deficiency of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC)-1 in mice augments glucose intolerance, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis associated with Western diet
Authors: Virwani Preeti Dinesh , Cai Lin , Yeung Patrick Ka Kit , Qian Gordon , Chen Yingxian , Zhou Lei , Wong Jason Wing Hon , Wang Yu , Ho Joshua Wing Kei , Lau Kui Kai , Qian Pei-Yuan , Chung Sookja Kim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Gut microbiota (GM) dysregulation, known as dysbiosis, has been proposed as a crucial driver of obesity associated with “Western” diet (WD) consumption. Gut dysbiosis is associated with increased gut permeability, inflammation, and insulin resistance. However, host metabolic pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of gut dysbiosis are still elusive. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) plays a critical role in cell-cell junction formation and insulin secretion. Here, we used homozygous Epac1-knockout (Epac1–/–), Epac2-knockout (Epac2–/–), and wild-type (WT) mice to investigate the role of Epac proteins in mediating gut dysbiosis, gut permeability, and inflammation after WD feeding.

Results
The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA showed that the baseline GM of Epac2–/–, but not Epac1–/–, mice was represented by a significantly higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and significant alterations in several taxa compared to WT mice, suggesting that Epac2–/– mice had gut dysbiosis under physiological conditions. However, an 8-week WD led to a similar gut microbiome imbalance in mice regardless of genotype. While Epac1 deficiency modestly exacerbated the WD-induced GM dysbiosis, the WD-fed Epac2–/– mice had a more significant increase in gut permeability than corresponding WT mice. After WD feeding, Epac1–/–, but not Epac2–/–, mice had significantly higher mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and F4/80 in the epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), increased circulating lipocalin-2 protein and more severe glucose intolerance, suggesting greater inflammation and insulin resistance in WD-fed Epac1–/– mice than corresponding WT mice. Consistently, Epac1 protein expression was significantly reduced in the EWAT of WD-fed WT and Epac2–/– mice.

Conclusion
Despite significantly dysregulated baseline GM and a more pronounced increase in gut permeability upon WD feeding, WD-fed Epac2–/– mice did not exhibit more severe inflammation and glucose intolerance than corresponding WT mice. These findings suggest that the role of gut dysbiosis in mediating WD-associated obesity may be context-dependent. On the contrary, we demonstrate that deficiency of host signaling protein, Epac1, drives inflammation and glucose intolerance which are the hallmarks of WD-induced obesity.
Bifidobacterial carbohydrate/nucleoside metabolism enhances oxidative phosphorylation in white adipose tissue to protect against diet-induced obesity
Authors: Kim Gihyeon , Yoon Youngmin , Park Jin Ho , Park Jae Won , Noh Myung-guin , Kim Hyun , Park Changho , Kwon Hyuktae , Park Jeong-hyeon , Kim Yena , Sohn Jinyoung , Park Shinyoung , Kim Hyeonhui , Im Sun-Kyoung , Kim Yeongmin , Chung Ha Yung , Nam Myung Hee , Kwon Jee Young , Kim Il Yong , Kim Yong Jae , Baek Ji Hyeon , Kim Hak Su , Weinstock George M. , Cho Belong , Lee Charles , Fang Sungsoon , Park Hansoo , Seong Je Kyung 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Comparisons of the gut microbiome of lean and obese humans have revealed that obesity is associated with the gut microbiome plus changes in numerous environmental factors, including high-fat diet (HFD). Here, we report that two species of Bifidobacterium are crucial to controlling metabolic parameters in the Korean population.

Results
Based on gut microbial analysis from 99 Korean individuals, we observed the abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum was markedly reduced in individuals with increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT), body mass index (BMI), blood triglyceride (TG), and fatty liver. Bacterial transcriptomic analysis revealed that carbohydrate/nucleoside metabolic processes of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum were associated with protecting against diet-induced obesity. Oral treatment of specific commercial Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum enhanced bile acid signaling contributing to potentiate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in adipose tissues, leading to reduction of body weight gain and improvement in hepatic steatosis and glucose homeostasis. Bifidobacterium longum or Bifidobacterium bifidum manipulated intestinal sterol biosynthetic processes to protect against diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice.

Conclusions
Our findings support the notion that treatment of carbohydrate/nucleoside metabolic processes-enriched Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum would be a novel therapeutic strategy for reprograming the host metabolic homeostasis to protect against metabolic syndromes, including diet-induced obesity.
Music, families and interaction (MUFASA): a protocol article for an RCT study
Authors: Jacobsen Stine L. , Gattino Gustavo , Holck Ulla , Bøtker Julie Ørnholt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGeneral mental health and interpersonal skills of families are crucial to children's development and future. Research suggests a link between participation in music activities and individuals' own sense of mental health, as well as an effect in objective measures of health such as quality of life, social skills, and rehabilitation of various kinds. However, in Denmark there are not many services for families with school-aged children (7–12 years) that focus on prevention and strengthening family interaction hereby minimising the risk of children not thriving and developing optimally in terms of social and emotional skills and competences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of shared music activities on family interaction, parental stress, and child well-being.MethodsThe study is a controlled effect study where 40 family dyads from Aalborg and Aarhus are randomized into 4 different groups including music therapy activities, community music, family concerts and a control group. Measurements of family interaction (Assessment of Parent Child Interaction, APCI) and mental health (Parental Stress Scale, PSS, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) will be made at baseline/pre intervention, at post intervention and a follow-up measurement 12 month after baseline (month 1, 3 and 12) 3 times in total. Furthermore, data about the family dyad’s regular participation in music events as part of every-day life at the same measure points (month 1, 3 and 12). Since this is a planned prospective study, results are not yet available, but clinical experience from a feasibility study in 2021 were promising and expected challenges and changes are discussed in the article.DiscussionFindings of this study will be relevant for all fields where music is applied for families, such as education, mental health, social work and for basic research on the study of music and interaction. Music used as a resource for families is crucial in understanding how different modalities can influence the family interaction including emotional communication and attachment.Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN17290015, Registered 03 March 2022,https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17290015Date and protocol versionJuly 2022, version 1. Protocol is planned to be updated after finalized recruitment during second data collection point and again after the third and last data collection point (see Additional file 1: SPIRIT Checklist).
Examining similarity indicators in six planned capital cities from Africa and Asia: a qualitative research technique
Authors: Abusaada Hisham , Elshater Abeer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is little research-based evidence regarding the similarities and differences in urban plans and urban forms, regarding urban planning and design, between planned capital cities in Africa and Asia. In recognition of the establishment of planned capital cities on these continents, this article limited its case studies to six planned capital cities of the Global South, in the post-independence and post-crisis period. By using bibliometric analysis, snowballing technique, and content analysis approaches, this study determines data sources, including books, journals, city reports, and internet blogs. The results show that these planned capital cities are similar in their urban plans: geographical, socio-cultural and demographic dimensions (location, size, and population densities), historical context of societies, and their goals and aspirations. Meanwhile, urban forms have similarities and differences based on paradigms, organization and spatial formation, spatial arrangement of activities, and architectural artefacts. This study suggests a conceptual and phasal framework, which combines planning history and theory in the first phase, and urban planning and design implementations in the second phase. The results demonstrate how considering our framework can limit similarities in the urban plans and urban forms of planned capital cities. This framework can guide urban planners and designers in academia and professional practice.
Modeling the impact of L2 grit on EFL learners’ core of self-assessment and foreign language anxiety
Authors: Heydarnejad Tahereh , Ismail Sayed M. , Shakibaei Goodarz , Saeedian Abdulbaset 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLearners’ personality traits and self-assessment have an essential role in their academic achievement and the well-being of society. Although L2 grit and the core of self-assessment (CSA) have attracted considerable attention in educational research, few studies have focused on the impact of L2 grit on boosting CSA and managing foreign language anxiety (FLA). Drawing upon this existing research gap, the present study set forth to test a structural model of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) university learners’ L2 grit, CSA, and FLA. The language-domain-specific grit scale (LDSGS), the core of self-assessments questionnaire (CSAQ), and the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) were administered to 418 Iranian EFL university learners. The findings of structural equation modeling (SEM) reflected the contributions of L2 grit and CSA to overcoming language learners’ experienced anxiety. Furthermore, the significant influence of EFL learners’ CSA on FLA was concluded. The implications of the findings are to raise learners’ awareness of their personality traits and self-assessment that can foster effective language instruction and assessment.
Single-cell spatial proteomic imaging for human neuropathology
Authors: Vijayaragavan Kausalia , Cannon Bryan J. , Tebaykin Dmitry , Bossé Marc , Baranski Alex , Oliveria J. P. , Bukhari Syed A. , Mrdjen Dunja , Corces M. Ryan , McCaffrey Erin F. , Greenwald Noah F. , Sigal Yari , Marquez Diana , Khair Zumana , Bruce Trevor , Goldston Mako , Bharadwaj Anusha , Montine Kathleen S. , Angelo R. Michael , Montine Thomas J. , Bendall Sean C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders are characterized by phenotypic changes and hallmark proteopathies. Quantifying these in archival human brain tissues remains indispensable for validating animal models and understanding disease mechanisms. We present a framework for nanometer-scale, spatial proteomics with multiplex ion beam imaging (MIBI) for capturing neuropathological features. MIBI facilitated simultaneous, quantitative imaging of 36 proteins on archival human hippocampus from individuals spanning cognitively normal to dementia. Customized analysis strategies identified cell types and proteopathies in the hippocampus across stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathologic change. We show microglia-pathologic tau interactions in hippocampal CA1 subfield in AD dementia. Data driven, sample independent creation of spatial proteomic regions identified persistent neurons in pathologic tau neighborhoods expressing mitochondrial protein MFN2, regardless of cognitive status, suggesting a survival advantage. Our study revealed unique insights from multiplexed imaging and data-driven approaches for neuropathologic analysis and serves broadly as a methodology for spatial proteomic analysis of archival human neuropathology.TeaserMultiplex Ion beam Imaging enables deep spatial phenotyping of human neuropathology-associated cellular and disease features.
Quality characteristics of strawberry fruit following a combined treatment of laser sterilization and guava leaf-based chitosan nanoparticle coating
Authors: Ali Liela Mohamed , Ahmed Abd El‑Rahman Abd El‑Raouf , Hasan Helmy El‑Sayed , Suliman Ahmed El‑Raie Emam , Saleh Sherif Saied 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Strawberry fruit is a rich source of antioxidants that are beneficial for human health. However, the rapid decline of strawberries dramatically reduces the shelf life and raises postharvest losses. To develop an efficient and ecological approach for maintaining the quality, strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa, cv. Festival) were treated with 0.5% chitosan coating (0.5% Ch), guava leaf-based chitosan nanoparticles coating (Gl-ChNps), and a combination treatment of 1.3 mW/cm2 laser light followed by Gl-ChNps coating (combined treatment), then stored for 12 days at 10 °C and 85–90% RH. The untreated fruit served as a control.

Results
Semi-spherical particles with an average size of 21.92 nm, a monodisperse nature, and high solution stability were formed. The findings revealed that the combined treatment completely suppressed fungal decay compared to 50% decay in control, and significantly reduced weight loss percentage to 4.68% compared to 27.35% in control. In accordance, the combined treatment had the maximum anthocyanin content and vitamin C, at 42 and 81.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The results showed that treated strawberries had less change in color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH during storage than untreated strawberries, which exhibited higher chemical changes.

Conclusions
The edible film of chitosan nanoparticles acted as a semi-permeable barrier that modified and restricted gas exchange, reduced water loss, and delayed fruit senescence. In addition, the combination of laser light with chitosan nanoparticles has been shown to control the pathogens and retain the freshness of strawberries.

Graphical Abstract