bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody treatment during pregnancy and lactation in women with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Nohara Chiyoko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMOSD) are more prevalent in women and mainly affecting young women, the majority of whom are of childbearing age. In addition, recent treatment algorithms suggest that patients who have poor prognostic factors are treated with highly effective disease‐modifying drugs from the beginning. Monoclonal antibodies for MS or NMOSD are basically highly effective disease‐modifying drugs. Therefore, young women with MS or NMOSD will have more opportunities to receive monoclonal antibody treatment than ever before. Currently, five monoclonal antibodies for MS or NMOSD are available in Japan: natalizumab and ofatumumab for MS, and eculizumab, satralizumab and inebilizumab for NMOSD. The pregnancy and breastfeeding of each monoclonal antibody drug is reviewed, and the evidence surrounding the safety of monoclonal antibody drugs during both pregnancy and breastfeeding in women with MS or NMOSD is discussed.
Out of Their Shells: Digitisation of Endangered Diversity in Orphaned Collections Spurs Access and Discovery
Authors: Tan Yu Kai , Burke Ann C. , Thomas Ellen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNatural history collections assembled before modern‐day, anthropogenic declines in species occurrence and abundance can provide essential data for conservation and biogeographic research. Digitizing old, commonly ‘orphaned’ collections in small institutions without professional curators increases local community access to specimens, as well as global access to digitized data. We present a case study, documenting a 19th century freshwater mussel (Order: Unionoida) collection, which is part of the 'orphaned' natural history collections at Wesleyan University (Middletown, CT, USA). We curated this collection by identifying specimens according to present taxonomic practices, and using archival documents to recover metadata. Nearly 1900 specimens in 402 ‘lots’, representing 155 species, were photographed and catalogued. Three primary type specimens were identified; 64 species are on the IUCN Red List, with 4 extinct, and 28 Critically‐Endangered to Endangered. We created and publicly host online 3D models of imperiled species. These models enabled us to organize an exhibit of 3D prints of fragile specimens, and to study ecophenotypic variation of freshwater mussels along a river gradient. Our project documents the challenges and achievements of a case study illuminating the potential scientific value of, and revival strategies for, orphaned natural history collections.
一种理解博物馆学习的方式——基于观众身份的视角
Authors: Zhao Xingyu 
Published: July 2022

摘要本文提出了一个论点, 即博物馆观众的身份、动机和学习, 彼此之间相互交错、难解难分。所有的个体都扮演着多重身份, 很多身份是情境化的, 是个体基于对社会和环境的反应建构而成的。身份影响动机, 动机反过来直接影响观众的行为和学习。观众去博物馆参观时, 倾向于扮演某一种身份、或几种身份的组合。本文提出五种博物馆特有的身份, 具体如下: 探索者、助学者、专业者/爱好者、体验追求者、精神追求者。初步的研究结果表明, 这些特定身份的动机类型可能有助于解释博物馆参观的长期学习效果。
“Restrict foreigners, not robots”: Partisan responses to automation threat
Authors: Wu Nicole 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent scholarship on technological change highlights its negative impacts on employment and wages. However, a decade of nationally representative surveys show that Americans hold favorable views toward technology despite concerns over labor displacement. How do people cope with employment threats from a trend they consider desirable? Using a survey experiment, this paper argues that people opt to buffer domestic workers from technological threats with substitute policies against outgroups that they believe could improve wages and employment prospects. Specifically, direct cues about technological displacement make Republicans more likely to demand tighter restrictions on immigration and Democrats more likely to support higher tariffs. In other words, citizens respond to automation anxiety by blaming and penalizing groups that they consider unwelcome or objectionable, depending on their partisanship. Respondents remained reluctant to express support for technological restrictions. Thus, automation anxiety may intensify resistance to globalization, but not necessarily technology.
Intense droughts affect temporal stability of Amazonian stream fish assemblages
Authors: Martins André Ribeiro , Bastos Douglas Aviz , Sousa Leandro Melo , Giarrizzo Tommaso , Vieira Thiago Bernardi , Zuanon Jansen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The frequency and duration of exceptionally intense droughts is increasing as a consequence of ongoing climate change in many regions of the planet. Lower rain fall in some regions and the increasing in the use of water resources by human populations is increasing the number of water bodies experiencing drying processes. Such changes in ecosystem dynamics have direct impacts on biological communities.

Here, we investigated the temporal structure of fish assemblage in terra‐firme (i.e., non‐floodable) streams in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon by sampling over three seasonal cycles (2012, 2013, 2014). The research investigated the temporal dynamics of the ichthyofauna of streams that experienced temporary flow interruption in 2012; using the ichthyofauna of perennial streams (not interrupted by the effects of drought) as controls to determine the effects of flow cessation on the temporal structure of fish assemblages and their recovery after drought.

The species composition of perennial streams remained stable over 3 years (2012, 2013, 2014), not differing between the dry and rainy periods. On by contrast, the species composition of the streams that temporarily dried changed after the flow interruption event.

Responses to the temporary flow interruption were not uniform among species, with some increasing in abundance after the event while others decreased. The species whose abundance increased immediately after flow interruption tended to return to initial conditions in the third year of sampling, which might be related to low resource availability in those streams. Species whose abundance decreased tended to remain in low abundance, possibly as a result of local/regional rarity of these species, hindering population restoration processes.

The dissimilarity in fish assemblage composition (based on the relative abundance of species) between sampling events revealed that the changes caused by the temporary flow interruption were significantly greater than the temporal changes recorded in perennial streams. Overall, the results indicated that intense drought events may alter fish species composition in terra‐firme streams and that such changes may persist for some years.

Our results also provide evidence that the responses of fish species to flow regime change are not uniform, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the basic biology of fishes to predict the effects of increased climate disturbances more accurately in aquatic communities. Untangling the effects of natural cyclical factors from the effects deriving from unpredictable extreme events is crucial to better predict the impacts of global climate change on the structure of biological communities.
Asymmetry of thermal sensitivity and the thermal risk of climate change
Authors: Buckley Lauren B. , Huey Raymond B. , Kingsolver Joel G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimUnderstanding and predicting the biological consequences of climate change requires considering the thermal sensitivity of organisms relative to environmental temperatures. One common approach involves ‘thermal safety margins’ (TSMs), which are generally estimated as the temperature differential between the highest temperature an organism can tolerate (critical thermal maximum, CTmax) and the mean or maximum environmental temperature it experiences. Yet, organisms face thermal stress and performance loss at body temperatures below their CTmax, and the steepness of that loss increases with the asymmetry of the thermal performance curve (TPC).LocationGlobal.Time period2015–2019.Major taxa studiedAnts, fish, insects, lizards and phytoplankton.MethodsWe examine variability in TPC asymmetry and the implications for thermal stress for 384 populations from 289 species across taxa and for metrics including ant and lizard locomotion, fish growth, and insect and phytoplankton fitness.ResultsWe find that the thermal optimum (Topt, beyond which performance declines) is more labile than CTmax, inducing interspecific variation in asymmetry. Importantly, the degree of TPC asymmetry increases with Topt. Thus, even though populations with higher Topts in a hot environment might experience above‐optimal body temperatures less often than do populations with lower Topts, they nonetheless experience steeper declines in performance at high body temperatures. Estimates of the annual cumulative decline in performance for temperatures above Topt suggest that TPC asymmetry alters the onset, rate and severity of performance decrement at high body temperatures.Main conclusionsSpecies with the same TSMs can experience different thermal risk due to differences in TPC asymmetry. Metrics that incorporate additional aspects of TPC shape better capture the thermal risk of climate change than do TSMs.
Investigating the microstructures and properties of Mg‐Al LDH film‐coated Mg‐Li alloy: Effect of hydrothermal temperature
Authors: Zhang Ju‐mei , Li Jia‐cheng , Hou An‐rong , Duan Xin , Lian Duo‐duo , Zhang Meng‐chun , Zhang Teng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMagnesia‐alumina layered double hydroxide (Mg‐Al LDH) films grown in situ on LA43M magnesium‐lithium (Mg‐Li) alloy were synthesized utilizing the hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the surface morphologies, composition, and phase of the Mg‐Al films. The corrosion resistance of the Mg‐Al films was estimated via immersion experiment and hydrogen evolution test, and the tribological properties were investigated using tribological wear tests. The results showed that the thickness of the Mg‐Al LDH film enhanced, and the size of the LDH sheets increased as the hydrothermal temperature raised, resulting in the improvement of the corrosion and wear resistance. When the hydrothermal temperature reached 110°C, interlayer anions were loaded the most, and the film achieved the optimal thickness. The Mg‐Al LDH film had the optimum corrosion resistance and tribological properties. At this point, the weight loss of the film was 1.3560 mg·cm–2, and the average friction coefficient was .149. It demonstrated that synthesizing Mg‐Al LDH at a hydrothermal temperature of 110°C was an effective approach to improve the corrosion resistance of LA43M.
The emergence of Trichophyton indotineae: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Venkataraman Maanasa , Hall Deanna C. , Cooper Elizabeth A. , Summerbell Richard C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmergence and increase of terbinafine‐resistant dermatophytosis led to the identification of Trichophyton mentagrophytes internal transcriber space (ITS) genotype VIII in 2017, later renamed as Trichophyton indotineae and classified as a separate species in 2020. With its suspected origin in South Asia, this novel strain has emerged in Bahrain, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Iran, Japan, Russia, and Switzerland, with its spread attributed primarily to travel and migration. Diagnosis using routine mycology laboratory techniques is unable to distinguish T. indotineae from T. mentagrophytes and T. interdigitale; specific identification requires genomic sequencing to identify unique, specific markers. One speculated reason for this recent outbreak is the unrestricted use of topical steroid creams and antifungal agents. Patients with extensive tinea corporis and cruris due to T. indotineae present with inflammatory red plaques in multiple body sites. The majority of these infections prove to be resistant to conventional antifungals, including allylamines and azoles (itraconazole and fluconazole), thus emphasizing the need for antifungal susceptibility testing before treatment initiation and for reassessing in nonresponsive patients. Molecular studies have identified several point mutations in the ERG1 (terbinafine resistance) and ERG11 (azole resistance) genes, which need to be analyzed further. Use of relatively new agents, such as voriconazole and luliconazole, as well as device modalities and combination therapy, could be investigated for recalcitrant T. indotineae infections.
Factors determining income and product type of Robusta coffee farming in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Edy , Listiyaningsih Dini , Setiadi Agus , Mukson Mukson , Roessali Wiludjeng , Ekowati Titik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoffee farmers in Central Java have widely cultivated Robusta cultivars. During the last decade, the demand for coffee has increased substantially. The coffee commodity is cultivated because of the high price, which potentially generates income for the farmers. The study aimed to analyse the farmers’ income associated with the post‐harvest processing and analyse the factors that affect the post‐harvest processing from coffee farming in the Temanggung Regency. Primary data were obtained from direct interviews with 98 farmers running the coffee farming business. The results show that the product processed in green bean coffee boosted the farmers’ income, and the socio‐economic characteristics, extension service, and plan density influenced product processing. The confounding factors influencing the income were the farm size, the age of coffee plantations, production level, and the variable cost. It is recommended that farmers sell green bean coffee by intensifying extension services and increasing plant density.
Understanding antibiotic‐seeking behaviour: A qualitative case study of mothers of children aged 5 and under
Authors: Bosley Helen , Henshall Catherine , Appleton Jane V. , Jackson Debra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics savelives and have been effectively and reliably used for decades to treat infections and improve health outcomes. This trust in antibiotics has contributed to over prescribing and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Significant amounts of antibiotics are still widely prescribed and taken, especially in young children. However, there is a paucity of existing literature relating to how mothers, who are the main carers of young children, may be influenced by their trust in antibiotics.AimsTo explore what factors influence mothers' decisions to seek antibiotics for their young children.DesignQualitative case study using postcode boundaries.MethodsThematic analysis of qualitative data from mothers of children under 5, recruited via community playgroups within the case. Data were collected between October 2018 and May 2019, from six focus groups (n = 19) and one‐to‐one interviews (n = 14). Thematic analysis of the data consisted of six phases: data familiarization; generating initial codes; searching for themes; reviewing themes; defining and naming themes; and producing the report.ResultsMothers were influenced by their belief and trust in antibiotics. Antibiotics were identified as symbolic of recovery, healing and of providing protection and safety.ConclusionBy understanding the symbolic power of antibiotics on maternal decision making, all antibiotic prescribers may be able to offer and provide reassuring alternative and acceptable treatment options to mothers, rather than using antibiotics.ImpactThis paper introduces the concept of antibiotics as powerful symbols which influence antibiotic seeking behaviour. This in turn may result in inappropriate use of antibiotics which contributes to the risk of antimicrobial resistance developing. Although the majority of antibiotics are still prescribed by doctors, the number of nurse prescribers has been increasing. Therefore, an increased awareness of antibiotic symbolism, in all prescribing clinicians, is important to enable future local and national strategies to be developed, to support maternal decision making and reduce antibiotic seeking behaviour.
The experience of staff utilizing data to evaluate and improve person‐centred practice: An action research study
Authors: Radbron Emma , Wilson Valerie , McCance Tanya , Middleton Rebekkah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimExplore how nurses and midwives use patient experience data collected from a mobile health app to influence the development of person‐centred practice.DesignParticipatory action research, underpinned by the Person‐Centred Nursing Framework and Practice Development principles.MethodsSix clinical units in a large health district engaged in three action cycles from 2018 to 2020 using a mobile health app. Nursing/midwifery staff on the units (N = 177) utilized data collected via the app to evaluate and improve person‐centred practice. A pre–post survey using the PCPI‐S was conducted to evaluate staff perceptions of person‐centredness. Data from the surveys (n = 101 in 2018 and n = 102 in 2020) and 17 semi‐structured interviews were used to understand the influence working with these data had on person‐centred practice. The Guidelines for Best Practices in the Reporting of Participatory Action Research have been used to report this study.ResultsImprovements in person‐centred practice were noted across both data sets. There was a statistically significant increase in two domains of the PCPI‐S in the independent t‐test and across all three domains in the paired t‐test results. Thematic analysis resulted in the identification of six themes: Getting everyone on board, once we understood, keeping on track, there's a person in the bed, knowing you're doing a good job and improving over time.ConclusionEngaging with the data collected from the app in a facilitated and collaborative way results in increases in person‐centredness.ImpactThis study provides insight into how nurses and midwives used data from a mHealth app to evaluate and improve person‐centred practice. Utilizing the data generated by the app resulted in increased person‐centredness amongst staff and changes to practice and culture. Nursing and midwifery teams who are supported to engage with patient experience data in an action‐oriented way will see person‐centred practice improvements, affecting patients and staff.
Quantifying euryhaline histories in red drum Sciaenops ocellatus: otolith chemistry and muscle isotope ratios
Authors: Walther Benjamin D. , Torrance Louisa E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe combined use of otolith chemistry and tissue isotopes has the potential to reveal movements, habitat associations and food web interactions at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Here, a combination of otolith Ba:Ca life‐history transects with muscle tissue δ13C and δ15N values has been used to assess habitat use and oligohaline residence in red drum Sciaenops ocellatus in subtropical estuaries in the north‐western Gulf of Mexico. Tissue isotopes were distinct among capture locations, particularly between bays with differing proximities to freshwater inflow sources. Otolith edge Ba:Ca values and tissue δ13C values were not correlated. These results indicated that fish were neither residing in nor feeding in oligohaline waters for significant periods of time within the tissue turnover window of several months prior to capture. Nonetheless, spatial differences in tissue isotope values indicated limited mixing among bays and relatively high site fidelity during estuarine occupancy. Lifetime otolith Ba:Ca transects revealed individual variability in the magnitude of residence in oligohaline waters. Using a mean oligohaline occupancy threshold, an estimated 82% of individuals used oligohaline waters at some point in their life. Nonetheless, 66% of individuals spent <20% of their life histories in oligohaline waters, suggesting intermittent and infrequent excursions into low salinity waters. Finally, a literature survey identified 56 peer‐reviewed publications using combinations of otolith chemistry and tissue stable isotope ratios with a wide range of marker pairings and study aims. The diversity of ecological questions that can be asked with the combined use of these two approaches will provide valuable insight into fish ecology.
Liposuction to improve the dorsocervical fat pad in esthetic need: Anatomical study and clinical case series
Authors: Wang Guanhuier , Zhao Jianfang , Zhang Xinling , Yang Shan , Zhang Weiguang , Xie Hongbin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients are undergoing surgery to relieve the prominent dorsocervical fat pad because of their esthetic needs.ObjectiveTo determine their clinical needs, it is necessary to research the clinic, radiography, and anatomy of dorsocervical fat pad.MethodsThe occipital fat thickness, dorsal fat thickness, and the length, width, and thickness of the dorsocervical fat were measured through MRI imaging. Body projection position were recorded. The correlation between the body mass index and dorsocervical hump was analyzed. Anatomical and histological studies of cadavers with a dorsocervical hump were performed. The liposuction for dorsocervical fat pad was introduced and patients were followed up.ResultsIn measurement, the MRI imaging of 109 patients were evaluated. The average length, width, and thickness of the dorsocervical fat pad were 114.47, 89.24, and 23.46 mm, respectively, and it is commonly located from the 3rd cervical vertebra to the 3rd thoracic vertebra. The average dorsocervical ratio was 151%. 43.1% patients had a dorsocervical hump. Based on the protrusion degree, the dorsocervical fat pad was classified into three types. The dorsocervical hump severity had a low correlation with obesity. In anatomy, 4 cadavers were dissected. The histological staining indicated that two layers of fat pad constituted a dorsocervical fat pad. As for treatment, 34 patients underwent liposuction to improve the dorsocervical contour, all of them reported satisfactory outcome.ConclusionsThe histological manifestations and morphological measurement of dorsocervical fat pad is researched. Besides, liposuction was applied in 34 patients with dorsocervical hump, and had received satisfied outcome.