bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel reverse migration micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for in‐capillary screening and quantifying of antioxidant components in Sanyetangzhiqing using 2,2′‐Azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) as oxidation‐free radical
Authors: Yao Yaqi , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Rui , Shang Ye , Du Kunze , He Jun , Li Jin , Ma Lin , Chang Yanxu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel method of reverse migration micellar electrokinetic chromatography (RM‐MEKC) using 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) as oxidation‐free radical was developed to screen the major antioxidants from Sanyetangzhiqing (SYTZQ), which is a new patent drug for diabetes. For simultaneous detection and separation of 2,2′‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS+) and chemical components of SYTZQ, the key factors were optimized and the method was validated under the optimal conditions. All the relative standard deviations of recovery, precision, and stability were below 6.6%. Based on these, the RM‐MEKC method has been successfully used to screen the main antioxidants from SYTZQ tablets. Five compounds, including rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, lithospermic acid, hyperoside, and isoquercetin, were separated and identified as the major antioxidants. There was a linear relationship with correlation coefficient of 0.923 between the total amount of major antioxidants and total antioxidative activity of SYTZQ. Consequently, these five ingredients could be selected as combinatorial markers for quality control of SYTZQ, and the established method was concluded to be a simple, reliable, and powerful tool to screen and quantify active compounds for quality evaluation of SYTZQ.
A comparison between analytical approaches for molecular weight estimation of proteins with variable levels of glycosylation
Authors: Puranik Amita , Saldanha Marianne , Dandekar Prajakta , Jain Ratnesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiotherapeutics, such as mAbs and fusion proteins, are a major and rapidly growing class of pharmaceuticals. Majority of the biopharmaceuticals are glycoproteins, wherein about 1 to 30% of their molecular weight (MW) are contributed by the glycans. Determination of MW of heavily glycosylated proteins, such as Fc‐fusion proteins, is seriously hampered by the physicochemical characteristics and heterogeneity of the attached carbohydrates. Glycosylation influences the expected size of the glycoprotein, which leads to disproportionate MW estimation, in size‐dependent methods. Hence, in this study, we have demonstrated the advantages and limitations of four widely used MW estimation techniques for three proteins having varying levels of glycosylation. It was proven that glycosylation had least impact on MW determination by SEC‐MALS and SV‐AUC. However, MW estimation by LC‐MS and SDS‐PAGE was extensively hampered by the degree of glycosylation. It is, thus, essential to consider the structural characteristics of proteins while selecting a technique for determining their MW.
Estimation of the response of non‐instrumented floors using the Timoshenko and Bernoulli‐Euler Beam Theories
Authors: Çağlar Nilgün Merve , Şafak Erdal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a modified version of the Mode Shape‐Based Estimation (MSBE) technique to estimate the structural response at non‐instrumented floors of a multi‐story building. The proposed approach requires less user interference when compared to the conventional MSBE technique. Moreover, in the case of high‐rise structures, it provides improved accuracy. In the suggested approach, the structure is modeled as a cantilever beam based on either Timoshenko or Bernoulli‐ Euler beam theory. The unknown terms of the frequency‐dependent solution to the differential equation are estimated using the first natural frequency of the structure. Then, deflected shapes corresponding to any frequency can be approximated using the theoretical solution. The contribution of either Bernoulli‐Euler or Timoshenko Beam modes to the overall response is calculated at each time step and each frequency by using the frequency‐dependent solution to the governing differential equation. Thereby, the response at each time step is simulated in a least‐square sense, in which both the low‐ and high‐frequency content of the vibration is considered. Additionally, any possible nonlinear behavior of the structure is considered implicitly. In this study, we first present the theoretical background of the proposed approach, then applied the methodology to real‐world buildings.
Effect of low‐pressure cold plasma processing on decontamination and quality attributes of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Authors: Darvish Haleh , Ramezan Yousef , Khani Mohammad Reza , Kamkari Amir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the microbial decontamination of saffron using the low‐pressure cold plasma (LPCP) technology. Therefore, other quality characteristics of saffron that create the color, taste, and aroma have also been studied. The highest microbial log reduction was observed at 110 W for 30 min. Total viable count (TVC), coliforms, molds, and yeasts log reduction were equal to 3.52, 4.62, 2.38, and 4.12 log CFU (colony‐forming units)/g, respectively. The lowest decimal reduction times (D‐values) were observed at 110 W, which were 9.01, 3.29, 4.17, and 8.93 min for TVC, coliforms, molds, and yeasts. LPCP treatment caused a significant increase in the product's color parameters (L*, a*, b*, ΔE, chroma, and hue angle). The results indicated that the LPCP darkened the treated stigma's color. Also, it reduced picrocrocin, safranal, and crocin in treated samples compared to the untreated control sample (p < .05). However, after examining these metabolites and comparing them with saffron‐related ISO standards, all treated and control samples were good.
Gamma‐band neural coupling during conceptual alignment
Authors: Chen Danni , Zhang Ruqian , Liu Jieqiong , Wang Pu , Bei Litian , Liu Chang‐Chia , Li Xianchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConceptual alignment is a prerequisite for mutual understanding. However, little is known about the neurophysiological brain‐to‐brain underpinning during conceptual alignment for mutual understanding. Here, we recorded multi‐channel electroencephalogram (EEG) simultaneously from two participants in Experiment 1 and adopted the dual‐tACS techniques in Experiment 2 to investigate the underlying brain‐to‐brain EEG coupling during conceptual alignment and the possible enhancement effect. Our results showed that 1) higher phase‐locking value (PLV), a sensitive measure for quantifying neural coupling strength between EEG signals, at the gamma frequency band (28–40 Hz), was observed in the left temporoparietal site (left TP) area between successful versus unsuccessful conceptual alignment. The left TP gamma coupling strength correlated with the accuracy of conceptual alignment and differentiated whether subjects belonged to the SUCCESS or FAILURE groups in our study. 2) In‐phase gamma‐band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the left TP area increased the accuracy of subjects in the SUCCESS group but not the FAILURE group. 3) The effect of perspective‐taking on the accuracy was mediated by the gamma coupling strength within the left TP area. Our results support the role of gamma‐band coupling between brains for interpersonal conceptual alignment. We provide dynamic interpersonal neurophysiological insights into the formation of successful communication.
Characterising health promotion in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages: A content analysis of COVID‐19 and maternal health resources
Authors: Gaborit Lorane , Robinson Melanie , Sutherland Stewart 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIssue addressedHealth promotion resources in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) languages are being widely translated and disseminated at the community, health service and government level. In addition to outlining the relevant Australian policy context and evidence base, this study sought to describe the availability and characteristics of COVID‐19 and maternal health promotion resources incorporating Indigenous languages.MethodsHealth promotion resources published online between June 2005 and June 2020 were identified by a desktop scan and screened against quality inclusion criteria. A content analysis by resource type, health topic, purpose, use of language and source was conducted.ResultsA total of 215 resources was eligible for inclusion, incorporating 50 different Indigenous languages and representing a varied approach to language use and health promotion. Almost 7 times as many COVID‐19 resources were identified than maternal health materials.ConclusionsIn contrast to maternal health, COVID‐19 has seen a sharp rise in the number of health promotion resources produced in language, especially in formats capable of streamlined replication in multiple languages. Strong use of narrative, storytelling and alternative primary aims such as language education suggests potential for greater collaboration between health promotion organisations and other community groups and services. Bilingual resources may have applications for communities where traditional language knowledge is being reawakened.So what?Emerging capacity to efficiently produce health promotion resources in multiple Indigenous languages could be capitalised for health topics beyond COVID‐19. However, further research in determining best practice and user perspectives is essential in guiding the development of these resources.
Strategic human resource management in the era of environmental disruptions
Authors: Kim Sunghoon , Vaiman Vlad , Sanders Karin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article—which serves as an introduction to the special issue of the role of (strategic) human resource management (HRM) in the era of environmental disruptions—summarizes previous research, introduces articles related to this special issue, and provides suggestions for future research in the area. This special issue intends to advance HRM research by putting it in the context of disruptive environments, aiming to deepen our theoretical and empirical knowledge about the role of HRM in these disruptive environments, and provide insights to managers and policymakers who must deal with current as well as future disruptions in extra‐organizational environments. The different sections of this introductory paper are structured from the perspective of an individual (“How can HRM help individual employees cope with environmental disruptions?”), an organization (“How can HRM help organizations be more resilient against environmental disruptions?”), and a community/societal perspective (“How can HRM help the community being affected by environmental disruptions?”). We conclude by proposing several research ideas and practical implications for human resource professionals that would enable them to deal with individual employees, their organization, and the community in times of environmental disruptions.
Potential of PKM2 as a drug target in mouse models with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Junbin , Li Zhixia , Huang Gan , Zhou Zhiguang , Zheng Peilin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the effect of PKM2 knockout in STZ induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) mouse models and to explore the possible mechanism.MethodPKM2fl/fl C57BL/6 mouse was backcrossed with Ins‐1cre C57BL/6 mouse to generate β‐cell‐specific PKM2 knockout mouse after tamoxifen administration. The expression level of PKM2 in pancreas tissues was detected by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The blood glucose levels in STZ induced T1D mouse models were measured to validate the establishment of T1D models. The pathological changes of T1D mouse were examined by hematoxylin and eosin. The oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory response in T1D mouse were determined by measuring the expression levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and 8‐OHdG in pancreatic tissues and the serum levels of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α. The ability to catabolize glucose was assessed through intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test.Resultsβ‐cell‐specific PKM2 knockout was successfully achieved in PKM2fl/flcre+ mouse. T1D mouse with PKM2 knockdown had decreased blood glucose level and suppressed cell apoptosis. PKM2 knockout in T1D mouse attenuated β cell injury. OS and inflammatory response in T1D mouse with PKM2 knockout were also suppressed compared with T1D mouse without PKM2 knockout.ConclusionPKM2 knockout in T1D mouse can attenuate OS and inflammatory response as well as decrease blood glucose level, suggesting the potential of PKM2 as a drug target for T1D treatment.
Toxic implications of silver nanoparticles on the central nervous system: A systematic literature review
Authors: Suthar Jitendra Kumar , Vaidya Anuradha , Ravindran Selvan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSilver nanoparticles have many medical and commercial applications, but their effects on human health are poorly understood. They are used extensively in products of daily use, but little is known about their potential neurotoxic effects. A xenobiotic metal, silver, has no known physiological significance in the human body as a trace metal. Biokinetics of silver nanoparticles indicates its elimination from the body via urine and feces route. However, a substantial amount of evidence from both in vitro and in vivo experimental research unequivocally establish the fact of easier penetration of smaller nanoparticles across the blood–brain barrier to enter in brain and thereby interaction with cellular components to induce neurotoxic effects. Toxicological effects of silver nanoparticles rely on the degree of exposure, particle size, surface coating, and agglomeration state as well as the type of cell or organism used to evaluate its toxicity. This review covers pertinent facts and the present state of knowledge about the neurotoxicity of silver nanoparticles reviewing the impacts on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial function, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, and necrosis. The effect of silver nanoparticles on the central nervous system is a topic of growing interest and concern that requires immediate consideration.
Association between red blood cell distribution width‐to‐albumin ratio and diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhao Fengping , Liu MengYun , Kong Lingzhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) has shown a trend of reaching pandemic levels in the world. Chronic inflammation is a key factor in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Red blood cell distribution width‐to‐albumin ratio (RA) is used to assess immune status and the immune response. Our study was conducted to assess the association between DR and RA levels to determine the value of RA in predicting DR.MethodsThe data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2006, The RA was calculated as the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width/Albumin Ratio. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score‐matched analysis were used to examine the association between RA and DR levels.ResultsThe clinical and demographic features of the 1,751 patients with DM. The eligible participants included 874 females and 870 males with mean age 62.2 ± 14.0 years, and mean RA 3.2 ± 0.5. RA ≥ 2.9659 was a risk factor for DR (OR = 1.66 95% CI: 1.31–2.11, p < 0.0001). After adjusting for age, sex, race, education, marital status, ratio of family income to poverty, body mass index, fasting glucose, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, RA ≥ 2.9659 was an independent risk factor for DR (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.23–2.19, p = 0.0008). The propensity score‐matched analysis also showed that high RA was an independent risk factor for DR.ConclusionsOur study shows that RA is a risk factor for patients with DR. The findings of this study should be validated the role of RA in DR in diabetic patients.
Continued Risk of Dietary Supplements Adulterated With Approved and Unapproved Drugs: Assessment of the US Food and Drug Administration's Tainted Supplements Database 2007 Through 2021
Authors: White C. Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe US Food and Drug Administration created the Tainted Dietary Supplement Database in 2007 to identify dietary supplements adulterated with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This article compares the determination of API adulteration in dietary supplements from the 10‐year time period of 2007 through 2016 to the most recent 5‐year period of 2017 through 2021. From 2007 through 2021, 1068 unique products were found to be adulterated with APIs. Sexual enhancement and weight loss dietary supplements are the most common products adulterated with APIs. Phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors are commonly included in sexual enhancement dietary supplements and a single product can include up to 5 APIs. Sibutramine, a drug removed from the market due to cardiovascular adverse events, is the most included adulterant API in weight loss products, although sibutramine analogues, phenolphthalein (which was removed from the US market because of cancer risk), and fluoxetine were also included. While muscle‐building dietary supplements were commonly adulterated before 2016, since 2017 no additional adulterated products have been identified. The lack of disclosure of APIs in dietary supplements, circumventing the normal procedure with clinician oversight of prescription drug use, and the use of APIs that are banned by the Food and Drug Administration or used in combinations that were never studied are important health risks for consumers.
A Time‐to‐Event Exposure‐Response Model for Amyloid‐Related Imaging Abnormalities Following Administration of Aducanumab to Subjects With Early Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Muralidharan Kumar Kandadi , Karumanchi Sravan , Kowalski Kenneth G. , Burkett Patrick , Chapel Sunny , Rajagovindan Raj , Nestorov Ivan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmyloid‐related imaging abnormalities with edema (ARIA‐E) have been reported in patients with early Alzheimer disease treated with aducanumab. ARIA‐E incidence has been observed to be dependent on both dose and apolipoprotein E4 carrier status. A time‐to‐event (TTE) approach applying data from 2 phase 3 studies (studies 301 and 302) was used to describe the effect of aducanumab serum exposure on the instantaneous risk of 2 end points: the first incidence of ARIA‐E and time to ARIA‐E resolution. A total of 3251 subjects with 826 events supported the TTE model to characterize the first ARIA‐E event. The TTE resolution model was supported by data from 768 of 826 subjects who had ARIA‐E resolved. Relationships between drug concentrations and ARIA‐E events were modeled with a hazard function dependent on time, aducanumab serum concentrations, attenuation of aducanumab exposure effects with time (ie, potential for tolerance to aducanumab exposure), study, and apolipoprotein E4 carrier status. The TTE model showed that ARIA‐E incidence rates were higher during the first 200 days, followed by a reduction in rates. The change in event rate reflects the attenuation of drug effect, thereby providing support for the current proposed titration regimen. Time to ARIA‐E resolution was characterized by a constant baseline hazard with a probability to resolution affected by baseline ARIA‐E severity and aducanumab concentration. ARIA‐E resolution was found to be driven primarily by baseline hazard and time and suggested that aducanumab concentration effect is a minor contributor to the time to resolution of ARIA‐E.
Leukocyte allometries in birds are not affected by captivity
Authors: Martin Lynn B. , Ruhs Emily Cornelius , Oakey Samantha , Downs Cynthia J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBody size affects many traits, but often in allometric, or disproportionate ways. For example, large avian and mammalian species circulate far more of some immune cells than expected for their size based on simple geometric principles. To date, such hypermetric immune scaling has mostly been described in zoo‐dwelling individuals, so it remains obscure whether immune hyper‐allometries have any natural relevance. Here, we asked whether granulocyte and lymphocyte allometries in wild birds differ from those described in captive species. Our previous allometric studies of avian immune cell concentrations were performed on animals kept for their lifetimes in captivity where conditions are benign and fairly consistent. In natural conditions, infection, stress, nutrition, climate, and myriad other forces could alter immune traits and hence mask any interspecific scaling relationships between immune cells and body size. Counter to this expectation, we found no evidence that immune cell allometries differed between captive and wild species, although we had to rely on cell proportion data, as insufficient concentration data were available for wild species. Our results indicate that even in variable and challenging natural contexts, immune allometries endure and might affect disease ecology and evolution.
Paraspinal Muscle in Chronic Low Back Pain: Comparison Between Standard Parameters and Chemical Shift Encoding‐Based Water–Fat MRI
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Bonnheim Noah B. , Joseph Gabby B. , Chachad Ravi , Zhou Jiamin , Akkaya Zehra , Pirmoazen Amir M. , Bailey Jeannie F. , Guo Xiaojie , Lazar Ann A. , Link Thomas M. , Fields Aaron J. , Krug Roland 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundParaspinal musculature (PSM) is increasingly recognized as a contributor to low back pain (LBP), but with conventional MRI sequences, assessment is limited. Chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat MRI (CSE‐MRI) enables the measurement of PSM fat fraction (FF), which may assist investigations of chronic LBP.PurposeTo investigate associations between PSM parameters from conventional MRI and CSE‐MRI and between PSM parameters and pain.Study TypeProspective, cross‐sectional.PopulationEighty‐four adults with chronic LBP (44.6 ± 13.4 years; 48 males).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo and iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation sequences.AssessmentT1‐weighted images for Goutallier classification (GC), muscle volume, lumbar indentation value, and muscle‐fat index, CSE‐MRI for FF extraction (L1/2–L5/S1). Pain was self‐reported using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Intra‐ and/or interreader agreement was assessed for MRI‐derived parameters.Statistical TestsMixed‐effects and linear regression models to 1) assess relationships between PSM parameters (entire cohort and subgroup with GC grades 0 and 1; statistical significance α = 0.0025) and 2) evaluate associations of PSM parameters with pain (α = 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intra‐ and/or interreader agreement.ResultsThe FF showed excellent intra‐ and interreader agreement (ICC range: 0.97–0.99) and was significantly associated with GC at all spinal levels. Subgroup analysis suggested that early/subtle changes in PSM are detectable with FF but not with GC, given the absence of significant associations between FF and GC (P‐value range: 0.036 at L5/S1 to 0.784 at L2/L3). Averaged over all spinal levels, FF and GC were significantly associated with VAS scores.Data ConclusionIn the absence of FF, GC may be the best surrogate for PSM quality. Given the ability of CSE‐MRI to detect muscle alterations at early stages of PSM degeneration, this technique may have potential for further investigations of the role of PSM in chronic LBP.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2