bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased radiation due to non-coronal effects on DIII-D and MAST-U with varying input power
Authors: Roeltgen Jonathan , Kotschenreuther Mike , Harrison James , Moulton David , Chen Zhong-Ping , Mahajan Swadesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Through SOLPS-ITER simulations of DIII-D and MAST-U, an X-divertor (XD) on DIII-D and a super X-divertor (SXD) on MAST-U were shown to have increased carbon emissivity (P
Rad/n
e
n
I) over corresponding standard divertors (SD) at similar degrees of partial detachment. The reasons behind the increased emissivity in the DIII-D XD and SXD are analyzed using a simple 0D transport model. From the transport model, it is seen that a major cause of the increased emissivity in the XD and SXD over the SDs is a shorter impurity confinement time. An additional cause (for the SXD) is an increase in the ratio of neutral hydrogen to electron density. The input power (P
in) was varied and the XD had a higher emissivity at the higher P
in, unlike the SDs which had the emissivity decrease with increasing P
in. A basic geometrical reason is given to explain both the benefits of the XD over the SD as well as the increase in the XD’s emissivity with P
in.
The interpolation between random walk and self-avoiding walk by avoiding marked sites
Authors: Sharma Trupti R , Rangarajan G , Gade Prashant M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The self-avoiding walk (SAW) on a regular lattice is one of the most important and classic problems in statistical mechanics with major applications in polymer chemistry. Random walk is an exactly solved problem while SAW is an open problem so far. We interpolate these two limits in 1D and 2D by considering a model in which the walker marks certain sites in time and does not visit them again. We study two variants: (a) the walker marks sites at every k time-steps, in this case, it is possible to enumerate all possible paths of a given length. (b) The walker marks sites with a certain probability p. For k = 1 or p = 1, the walk reduces to the usual SAW. We compute the average trapping time and distance covered by a walker as a function of the number of steps and radius of gyration in these cases. We observe that 1D deterministic, 1D probabilistic, and 2D deterministic cases are in the same universality class as SAW while 2D probabilistic case shows continuously varying exponents.
Development of the novel and superior adaptive beam-loading compensation system calculated in the frequency domain for the J-PARC Linac
Authors: Futatsukawa K. , Cicek E. , Fang Z. , Fukui Y. , Mizobata S. , Sato Y. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is
one of the highest intensity proton accelerator facilities in the
world. Its accelerator consists of a 400-MeV linac (LINAC), a 3-GeV
rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS), and a 30-GeV main ring (MR) and its
beam is provided for wide-ranging applications. The peak current of
the beam at LINAC had been increased from 30 mA to the design value
of 50 mA in 2018. Therefore, the performance of the beam-loading
compensation implementing in the low-level radio frequency (LLRF)
system has been more important to satisfy the stability of the
accelerating gradient. Although the iterative learning control
(ILC) scheme with adaptive ability was demonstrated, the practical
use of ILC was not convenient for large accelerators such as the
J-PARC LINAC with forty-nine RF stations. Therefore, we developed
at novel and superior adaptive beam-loading compensation system that
was calculated in the frequency domain. Compared to the scheme of
the previous ILC, the newly developed system is useful because it
does not require parameter adjustment using the beam. In the
experimental results utilizing this system, the optimum tables of
FF_BEAM were able to be obtained as a smaller number of iterations.
The peak-to-peak stability of amplitude was achieved to ± 0.23%
and the peak-to-peak stability of phase was improved to
± 0.036°. In addition, errors such as white noise
did not accumulate for the table of FF_BEAM and this system solved
the problem of the divergence when the number of iterations was
increased. This implementation of the adaptive beam-loading
compensation system calculated in the frequency domain will
potentially contribute to the improvement of the J-PARC LINAC LLRF,
and this system may lead to a stable user operation. This system is
so simple in principle and effective that it could be applied to
other linear accelerators with the pulsed beam.
Transfer of non-classical features and quantum states of light in circularly coupled waveguide arrays
Authors: Rai Atmadev , Rai Amit 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate the applicability of the circular arrays of coupled single-mode optical waveguides in transferring the non-classical state of light for quantum information processing. We study the nonclassical states of light, such as a single-photon Fock state, a two-photon NOON state, a single-mode squeezed state and a two-mode squeezed state as inputs to the lattice, which are key resources for various applications in the field of quantum information science. In addition, for comparison, we also examine a coherent state. We investigate the transport of non-classical features and quantum states of light from one waveguide mode to another. For the single and two-mode squeezed states, we perform a detailed study of the evolution of the squeezing. Our work highlights the potential of the circular arrays of optical waveguides platform for the transport of non-classical features and quantum states of light. We expect our results should have applications in the physical implementation of photonic quantum technologies.
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Food Consumption: Examination in Diverse Samples
Authors: Brondolo Elizabeth , Simons R Rhiannon , Keating Luke H , Vincent Brian , Kittleman Julie , Roth Alan , Basello Gina , Danyluck Chad , Blair Irene V 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRacial/ethnic discrimination has been linked to poor health outcomes. Effects of discrimination on health behaviors, including patterns of food consumption, may contribute to health outcomes.PurposeWe examined relations of discrimination to consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods in two diverse samples. Structural equation modeling was used to examine variations in associations of discrimination to consumption by the timing and type of discrimination, for healthy vs. unhealthy food, and by sample.MethodsStudy 1 included a racially and ethnically diverse sample of adults from New York City (NYC: N = 157); Study 2 included a sample of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults from the Denver metro area (N = 303), many of whom also identified with other racial/ethnic groups. Participants completed self-report measures of racial/ethnic discrimination, food consumption, life stressors, and sociodemographic variables.ResultsStructural equation models indicated discrimination was associated with food consumption. Tests of model invariance indicated that the model of discrimination to food consumption can be applied to both samples. Discrimination within the past-week was associated with more frequent consumption of both unhealthy and healthy foods, whereas lifetime discrimination was associated with more frequent consumption only of unhealthy foods.ConclusionsThe data were limited to self-report measures and only the frequency of consumption was assessed. The findings suggest discrimination may contribute to health disparities through effects on food consumption. Differential effects for past-week and lifetime discrimination suggest that multiple mechanisms may be involved.
Mitigation of greenhouse gas emission by nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Authors: Minamisawa Kiwamu 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Chemical nitrogen fixation by the Haber–Bosch method permitted industrial-scale fertilizer production that supported global population growth, but simultaneously released reactive nitrogen into the environment. This minireview highlights the potential for bacterial nitrogen fixation and mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soybean and rice fields. Nitrous oxide (N2O), a GHG, is mainly emitted from agricultural use of nitrogen fertilizer and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Some rhizobia have a denitrifying enzyme system that includes an N2O reductase and are able to mitigate N2O emission from the rhizosphere of leguminous plants. Type II methane (CH4)-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) are endophytes in paddy rice roots and fix N2 using CH4 (a GHG) as an energy source, mitigating the emission of CH4 and reducing nitrogen fertilizer usage. Thus, symbiotic nitrogen fixation shows potential for GHG mitigation in soybean and rice fields while simultaneously supporting sustainable agriculture.
High-resolution shotgun metagenomics: the more data, the better?
Authors: Tremblay Julien , Schreiber Lars , Greer Charles W 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In shotgun metagenomics (SM), the state-of-the-art bioinformatic workflows are referred to as high-resolution shotgun metagenomics (HRSM) and require intensive computing and disk storage resources. While the increase in data output of the latest iteration of high-throughput DNA sequencing systems can allow for unprecedented sequencing depth at a minimal cost, adjustments in HRSM workflows will be needed to properly process these ever-increasing sequence datasets. One potential adaptation is to generate so-called shallow SM datasets that contain fewer sequencing data per sample as compared with the more classic high coverage sequencing. While shallow sequencing is a promising avenue for SM data analysis, detailed benchmarks using real-data are lacking. In this case study, we took four public SM datasets, one massive and the others moderate in size and subsampled each dataset at various levels to mimic shallow sequencing datasets of various sequencing depths. Our results suggest that shallow SM sequencing is a viable avenue to obtain sound results regarding microbial community structures and that high-depth sequencing does not bring additional elements for ecological interpretation. More specifically, results obtained by subsampling as little as 0.5 M sequencing clusters per sample were similar to the results obtained with the largest subsampled dataset for human gut and agricultural soil datasets. For an Antarctic dataset, which contained only a few samples, 4 M sequencing clusters per sample was found to generate comparable results to the full dataset. One area where ultra-deep sequencing and maximizing the usage of all data was undeniably beneficial was in the generation of metagenome-assembled genomes.
Role of ceRNAs in non-tumor female reproductive diseases
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Xiong Yiyi , Pan Zezheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe molecular mechanism of non-tumor female reproductive diseases is complicated and needs to be further elucidated. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) which are extremely rich in the female reproductive system are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of some female reproductive disorders. In fact, these ncRNAs such as lncRNAs, circRNAs, snoRNAs, and pseudogenes that share the same miRNA response elements (MREs) with mRNAs could compete for miRNA binding site to regulate gene expression, this phenomenon is known as the competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNAs) mechanism. This review aims to summarize the role of ceRNAs in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of non-tumor female reproductive diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), pre-eclampsia (PE), recurrent implantation failure (RIF), recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), endometriosis (EM), and endometritis, and list ceRNAs regulatory axes as well as downstream related signaling pathway. Additionally, based on certain ncRNAs that have already been proven to exist at differential levels in patient tissue samples, we also generalize some ncRNAs that can be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these diseases in the future.
A high-quality, haplotype-phased genome reconstruction reveals unexpected haplotype diversity in a pearl oyster
Authors: Takeuchi Takeshi , Suzuki Yoshihiko , Watabe Shugo , Nagai Kiyohito , Masaoka Tetsuji , Fujie Manabu , Kawamitsu Mayumi , Satoh Noriyuki , Myers Eugene W 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Homologous chromosomes in the diploid genome are thought to contain equivalent genetic information, but this common concept has not been fully verified in animal genomes with high heterozygosity. Here we report a near-complete, haplotype-phased, genome assembly of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, using hi-fidelity (HiFi) long reads and chromosome conformation capture data. This assembly includes 14 pairs of long scaffolds (&gt;38 Mb) corresponding to chromosomes (2n = 28). The accuracy of the assembly, as measured by an analysis of k-mers, is estimated to be 99.99997%. Moreover, the haplotypes contain 95.2% and 95.9%, respectively, complete and single-copy BUSCO genes, demonstrating the high quality of the assembly. Transposons comprise 53.3% of the assembly and are a major contributor to structural variations. Despite overall collinearity between haplotypes, one of the chromosomal scaffolds contains megabase-scale non-syntenic regions, which necessarily have never been detected and resolved in conventional haplotype-merged assemblies. These regions encode expanded gene families of NACHT, DZIP3/hRUL138-like HEPN, and immunoglobulin domains, multiplying the immunity gene repertoire, which we hypothesize is important for the innate immune capability of pearl oysters. The pearl oyster genome provides insight into remarkable haplotype diversity in animals.
Upgrading right ventricular pacemakers to biventricular pacing or conduction system pacing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kaza Nandita , Htun Varanand , Miyazawa Alejandra , Simader Florentina , Porter Bradley , Howard James P , Arnold Ahran D , Naraen Akriti , Luria David , Glikson Michael , Israel Carsten , Francis Darrel P , Whinnett Zachary I , Shun-Shin Matthew J , Keene Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGuidelines recommend patients undergoing a first pacemaker implant who have even mild left ventricular (LV) impairment should receive biventricular or conduction system pacing (CSP). There is no corresponding recommendation for patients who already have a pacemaker. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies assessing device upgrades. The primary outcome was the echocardiographic change in LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Six RCTs (randomizing 161 patients) and 47 observational studies (2644 patients) assessing the efficacy of upgrade to biventricular pacing were eligible for analysis. Eight observational studies recruiting 217 patients of CSP upgrade were also eligible. Fourteen additional studies contributed data on complications (25 412 patients). Randomized controlled trials of biventricular pacing upgrade showed LVEF improvement of +8.4% from 35.5% and observational studies: +8.4% from 25.7%. Observational studies of left bundle branch area pacing upgrade showed +11.1% improvement from 39.0% and observational studies of His bundle pacing upgrade showed +12.7% improvement from 36.0%. New York Heart Association class decreased by −0.4, −0.8, −1.0, and −1.2, respectively. Randomized controlled trials of biventricular upgrade found improvement in Minnesota Heart Failure Score (−6.9 points) and peak oxygen uptake (+1.1 mL/kg/min). This was also seen in observational studies of biventricular upgrades (−19.67 points and +2.63 mL/kg/min, respectively). In studies of the biventricular upgrade, complication rates averaged 2% for pneumothorax, 1.4% for tamponade, and 3.7% for infection over 24 months of mean follow-up. Lead-related complications occurred in 3.3% of biventricular upgrades and 1.8% of CSP upgrades. Randomized controlled trials show significant physiological and symptomatic benefits of upgrading pacemakers to biventricular pacing. Observational studies show similar effects between biventricular pacing upgrade and CSP upgrade.
Disease progression rate is a strong predictor of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiac laminopathies: a primary prevention cohort study
Authors: Rootwelt-Norberg Christine , Skjølsvik Eystein T , Chivulescu Monica , Bogsrud Martin P , Ribe Margareth P , Aabel Eivind W , Beitnes Jan Otto , Brekke Pål H , Håland Trine F , Hasselberg Nina E , Lie Øyvind H , Haugaa Kristina H 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsCardiac disease progression prior to first ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in LMNA genotype–positive patients is not described.Methods and resultsWe performed a primary prevention cohort study, including consecutive LMNA genotype–positive patients from our centre. Patients underwent repeated clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic examinations. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic disease progression as a predictor of first-time VA was evaluated by generalized estimation equation analyses. Threshold values at transition to an arrhythmic phenotype were assessed by threshold regression analyses. We included 94 LMNA genotype–positive patients without previous VA (age 38 ± 15 years, 32% probands, 53% females). Nineteen (20%) patients experienced VA during 4.6 (interquartile range 2.1–7.3) years follow up, at mean age 50 ± 11 years. We analysed 536 echocardiographic and 261 electrocardiogram examinations. Individual patient disease progression was associated with VA [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–1.6 per 5% reduction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi) OR 1.2 (95% CI 1.1–1.3) per 5 mL/m2 increase, PR interval OR 1.2 (95% CI 1.1–1.4) per 10 ms increase]. Threshold values for transition to an arrhythmic phenotype were LVEF 44%, LVEDVi 77 mL/m2, and PR interval 280 ms.ConclusionsIncidence of first-time VA was 20% during 4.6 years follow up in LMNA genotype–positive patients. Individual patient disease progression by ECG and echocardiography were strong predictors of VA, indicating that disease progression rate may have additional value to absolute measurements when considering primary preventive ICD. Threshold values of LVEF &lt;44%, LVEDVi &gt;77 mL/m2, and PR interval &gt;280 ms indicated transition to a more arrhythmogenic phenotype.
A head-to-head comparison of laser vs. powered mechanical sheaths as first choice and second line extraction tools
Authors: Zsigmond Elod-Janos , Saghy Laszlo , Benak Attila , Miklos Marton , Makai Attila , Hegedus Zoltan , Alacs Endre , Agocs Szilvia , Vamos Mate 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsDuring transvenous lead extraction (TLE) longer dwelling time often requires the use of powered sheaths. This study aimed to compare outcomes with the laser and powered mechanical tools.Methods and resultsSingle-centre data from consecutive patients undergoing TLE between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively analysed. Efficacy and safety of the primary extraction tool were compared. Procedures requiring crossover between powered sheaths were also analysed. Moreover, we examined the efficacy of each level of the stepwise approach. Out of 166 patients, 142 (age 65.4 ± 13.7 years) underwent TLE requiring advanced techniques with 245 leads (dwelling time 9.4 ± 6.3 years). Laser sheaths were used in 64.9%, powered mechanical sheaths in 35.1% of the procedures as primary extraction tools. Procedural success rate was 85.5% with laser and 82.5% with mechanical sheaths (P = 0.552). Minor and major complications were observed in similar rate. Procedural mortality occurred only in the laser group in the case of three patients. Crossover was needed in 19.5% after laser and in 12.8% after mechanical extractions (P = 0.187). Among crossover procedures, only clinical success favoured the secondary mechanical arm (87.1 vs. 54.5%, aOR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.79, P = 0.030). After step-by-step efficacy analysis, procedural success was 64.9% with the first-line extraction tool, 75.1% after crossover, 84.5% with bailout femoral snare, and 91.8% by non-emergency surgery.ConclusionThe efficacy and safety of laser and mechanical sheaths were similar, however in the subgroup of crossover procedures mechanical tools had better performance regarding clinical success. Device diversity seems to help improving outcomes, especially in the most complicated cases.
Simplified stepwise anatomical ablation strategy for mitral isthmus: efficacy, efficiency, safety, and outcome
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Li Mengmeng , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Hao , Wu Wenli , Ran Boli , Li Xiaoli , Tang Qianmei , Fu Biao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsBidirectional and durable block of mitral isthmus (MI) is essential for catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) and perimitral flutter (PMF), but it remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to create a simple anatomical ablation strategy with minimal fluoroscopy that would yield a high success rate for MI block.Methods and resultsPatients with PeAF or PMF were included. Mitral isthmus was ablated in a stepwise strategy. In Step 1, endocardial MI linear ablation was performed; in Step 2, ablation was targeted to the posterolateral portion of the left atrium along the MI line; in Step 3, epicardial ablation within the coronary sinus (CS) was performed across the MI line to the ostium of the vein of Marshall (VOM) or performed within the VOM if available; in Step 4, the catheter was rotated and ablated in the CS to isolate the CS; and in Step 5, the early activation site with complex component potential above the MI line during distal CS pacing was considered as the ablation target. All patients were followed up. A total of 178 (17 patients with mechanical prosthetic mitral valve) were included. One hundred and sixty-six patients achieved a confirmed MI bidirectional conduction block (93%). One patient had cardiac tamponade. Four patients showed re-conduction across the MI line during a repeated ablation. In the latest follow-up [12 (7, 16) months], 161 of 178 (90%) patients maintained their sinus rhythm.ConclusionA simple stepwise anatomical ablation strategy for MI shows a high success rate with low fluoroscopy exposure.
Prevalence of foodborne and zoonotic viral pathogens in raw cow milk samples
Authors: Pakbin Babak , Rossen John W A , Brück Wolfram Manuel , Montazeri Naim , Allahyari Samaneh , Dibazar Shaghayegh Pishkhan , Abdolvahabi Razieh , Mahmoudi Razzagh , Peymani Amir , Samimi Rasoul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Foodborne and zoonotic viral pathogens are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. These viruses can be transmitted through foods such as dairy products to humans and cause several acute and chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and profile of different foodborne and zoonotic viruses in raw cow milk samples. We collected 492 raw cow milk samples from local dairy markets in Qazvin, Iran. Then we evaluated the presence of hepatitis A virus, noroviruses, rotavirus, astrovirus, bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in samples using conventional and nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods. We found that 34.95, 7.72, 25.81, 14.63, 66.86, 12.80 and 21.34% of raw milk samples were contaminated with norovirus GI, norovirus GII, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus, astrovirus, BLV and TBEV viruses, respectively. Interestingly, the samples collected from the city's south area revealed a higher prevalence of foodborne and zoonotic viruses. Astrovirus and its combination with norovirus GI were the most prevalent virus profiles. Also, the highest correlations were observed among the presence of rotavirus and hepatitis A viruses (0.36) and TBEV and norovirus GII (0.31). Considering the prevalence rate and virus profiles of different foodborne and zoonotic viruses in raw milk samples, hygiene practices and the pasteurization process are strongly suggested to be conducted throughout the cow milk production chain and in dairy industries to prevent infections with these pathogens.