bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissolution behavior of representative elements from red mud (RM) by leaching with titanium white waste acid (TWWA)
Authors: Zhu Xiaobo , Ma Chen , Li Wang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The leaching parameters on the leaching efficiency of representative elements (Na, Sc and Al) were investigated. XRD and SEM-EDS were used to analyze the phase change of RM and leaching residue, and the leaching kinetics characteristics difference of Na, Sc and Al from RM was analyzed by the unreacted shrinking core model (USCM). The results show that the dealkalization efficiency was close to 100%, and the leaching efficiency of Sc and Al was 82% and 75%, respectively. The cancrinite was dissolved from RM by TWWA, and then the elements such as Na, Al and Ca also reacted with H2SO4 of TWWA. Sodium existed in the leaching liquor in the form of ions, and calcium reacted with sulfuric acid to form anhydrite and existed in leaching residue. The particles of RM became smaller and dispersed with each other after leaching. The apparent activation energy of Na, Sc and Al leaching was 4.947 kJ/mol, 6.361 kJ/mol and 31.666 kJ/mol, respectively. The kinetic equation of Na leaching was 1-(1-a)2/3=0.084·exp[-595.05/T]·t controlled by external diffusion. The kinetic equation of Sc leaching was 1-2a/3-(1-a)2/3=0.021·exp[-765.16/T]·t controlled by internal diffusion. The kinetic equation of Al leaching was ln(1-a)/3+ (1-a)-2/3-1=67.12·exp[-3808.8/T]·t controlled by joint action, respectively.
CT Imaging Anatomical Study of Percutaneous Magic Screw Fixation for Acetabular Posterior Column Fracture
Authors: Lu Hao , Gong Xiaobao , Xuan Chen , Lu Quanyi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Research into minimally-invasive fixation of acetabular posterior column fracture has mostly focused on anatomic measurement through the ischial tuberosity in a retrograde manner, and few anatomic studies have been carried out on anterograde percutaneous Magic screws. The purpose of this paper was to discuss the entry point, entry direction and fixation range of Magic screws for fixation of acetabular posterior column fracture.Method: Materialise’s Interactive Medical Image Control System (Mimics) 19.0 software was used to carry out three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction based on the Computed tomography (CT) data of the pelvises of 100 cases. A virtual Magic screw was placed in the acetabular posterior column, and the screw entry point, entry direction, length, diameter, safety range and fixation range were determined. Osteotomy modeling was performed on the acetabular posterior column with virtual Magic screw fixation, and the changing law of the width of the screw channel was observed. The narrowest distance and position between the screw edge and the acetabulum were measured.Results: The bone entry point of the Magic screw on the posterior side to the anterior inferior iliac spine and cephalad side to the acetabular top for the males were 33.32 ± 5.52 mm and 13.42 ± 3.68 mm, respectively; and those for females were 33.94 ± 5.43 mm and 9.11 ± 3.82 mm, respectively. The screw for males had a back rake angle of 57.37 ± 6.53° and a leaning inside angle of 52.12 ± 5.61°, with an angle of 15.16 ± 3.45° to the iliac wing. For females, those angles were 55.61 ± 7.94°, 51.53 ± 5.59° and 9.76 ± 3.69°, respectively. The maximum screw diameter was 6.97 ± 0.98 mm for males and 6.39 ± 0.85 mm for females. The screw length was 76.73 ± 9.20 mm for males and 63.64 ± 8.37 mm for females. The safety ranges of back rake angle and leaning inside angle of the 5.5 mm diameter screws for the males were 7.18 ± 3.32° and 9.42 ± 3.96°, respectively, and those of 5.2 mm diameter screws for females were 8.39 ± 2.83° and 10.37 ± 3.92°, respectively. For 60% of the male specimens, the screw fixation range was above the acetabular top, with a length of 60.45 ± 5.92 cm; and for 40% of the male specimens, the screw fixation range was below the acetabular top, with a length of 50.68 ± 6.49 cm. For females, 24% of the specimens were above the acetabular top, with a length of 52.19 ± 7.76 cm; and 76% of the specimens were below the acetabular top, with a length of 38.40 ± 4.35.Conclusion: Percutaneous Magic screws provide a minimally-invasive fixation method for acetabular posterior column fracture with high surgical difficulty, and can be used to fix fractures located in the middle and upper segment of the posterior column.
Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Acute Lung Injury Caused by Severe Burn via Secreting TSG-6 and Inhibiting Inflammatory Response
Authors: Hu Xiaohong , Liu Lingying , Wang Yu , Yu Yonghui , Li Zhongyuan , Liu Yanan , Chai Jiake 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether hUC-MSCs attenuated severe burn-induced ALI and the effects were based on TSG-6 secreted from hUC-MSCs. Method Rat model was established and evaluated as follows：cytokine expression was measured by ELISA assay, and both inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury were assessed by immunohistochemistry assay. Results In vitro, TSG-6 levels in serum from the burn group were significantly increased than that of the sham group. In vivo, TSG-6 levels of lung tissues and serum in the burn+ hUC-MSCs group were significantly increased than those of that in the burn group. Both in lung tissues and serum, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines（TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6）were remarkably decreased, but anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased after hUC-MSCs administration (p<0.05). These significant positive effects after hUC-MSCs transplantation did not occur in the Burn+siTSG-6 group. Conclusion Intra-tracheal implantation of hUC-MSCs has been an effective treatment for severe burn-induced ALI via promoting TSG-6 secretion and inhibiting inflammatory reaction in lung tissue.
Postpartum contraceptive use among low-income urban women: insights from Accra, Ghana
Authors: Agula Caesar , Henry Elizabeth G. , Asuming Patrick , Obeng-Dwamena Akua , Toprah Theophilus , Agyekum Martin W. , Shah Iqbal , Bawah Ayaga A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Postpartum contraceptives use (PPC) reduces unintended pregnancies and results in better health outcomes for children and women. However, in Ghana, there is a paucity of knowledge on PPC use, particularly among women in low-income urban settings. To shed light on strategies that might enhance access to postpartum family planning services in low-income urban settings, we examined contraceptive use among postpartum women in Accra, Ghana, at one, three, six and twelve months following the birth and the methods used. The predictors of modern contraceptive use in the 12 months postpartum period were also examined.Methods: Data are from a cross-sectional survey that was conducted in 2018 among 624 women aged 16-44 years who reported to have given birth in the past 13-31 months prior to the interview. We generated descriptive statistics to examine the prevalence of contraceptive use among postpartum women at one, three, six and twelve months after birth. We further estimated a binary logistic regression to examine the predictors of 12 months postpartum modern contraceptive use.Results: Data indicate that 40% of postpartum women never used any contraceptive method during one year after birth and of those who used a method, 40% relied on traditional methods. Moreover, 29% of women started using a method in the immediate one-month post-birth. Results further show that postpartum modern contraceptive uptake was positively associated with higher education, having more live births and being currently in a union. Conclusions: Findings highlight the need to improve the quality of counselling during antenatal and postnatal care visits by clients. Community outreach by health providers/promoters or similar models should be promoted in low-income population settings to educate postpartum women on modern contraceptive use. Women who plan to use traditional methods should be provided with information on consistent and correct use of these methods.
Serum untargeted lipidomics by UHPLC-ESI -HRMS aids the biomarker discovery of colorectal adenoma
Authors: Zhang Qisong , Zhou Hailin , Nong Yanying , Zhu Yifan , Liang Yunxiao , Zhang Jiahao , Chen Hongwei , Zhu Pingchuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Colorectal adenoma (CA) is an important precancerous lesion and early screening target of colorectal cancer (CRC). Lipids with numerous physiological functions are proved to be involved in the development of CRC. However, there is no lipidomic study with large-scale serum samples on diagnostic biomarkers for CA.Methods: The serum lipidomics of CA patients (n = 50) and normal control (NR) (n = 50) was performed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were utilized to screen the differential lipids between groups, and combining the constituent ratio analysis and diagnostic efficiency evaluation by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) disclosed the potential mechanism and biomarkers for CA.Results: There were obvious differences in serum lipid profiles between CA and NR groups. Totally, 79 differential lipids were select by criterion of P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 or < 0.67. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were the major differential lipids with ratio > 60%, indicating these two lipid metabolic pathways showed evident disequilibrium, which could contribute to CA formation. Of them, 12 differential lipids had good diagnostic ability as candidate biomarkers for CA (AUC ≥ 0.900) by ROC analysis. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to profile serum lipidomics and explore lipid biomarkers of CA to help early screening of CRC. 12 differential lipids are obtained to act as potential diagnostic markers of CA. PCs and fatty acids were the main dysregulated biomarkers for CA in serum.
Melatonin Reduces IL-33 and TSLP Expression in HNEpCs by Scavenging ROS Directly
Authors: zheng guoxi , Gong Min-jie , Zhang Hai-bao , Lou Miao , Wang Yu-sheng , Ma Rui-ping , Hu Zhen-zhen , Zhang Ya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a chronic mucosal inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses. It is classified into CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). CRSwNP has high recurrence, especially CRSwNP with massive eosinophil infiltration(ECRSwNP) which is mediated by type 2 inflammatory response. ECRSwNP is a serious problem for patients because of its easy recurrence and poor response to hormonal treatment. Melatonin has been widely studied for its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we used melatonin to treat a cell model of chronic rhinosinusitis. Subsequently, MTT assay was performed to examine the cell viability of HNEpCs, a ROS kit to detect ROS production, an MDA kit to detect the MDA content in the cell culture supernatant, and an apoptosis kit and Western blotting to detect apoptosis. The expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, IL-33, TSLP, and IL-25 were detected by Western blotting. Melatonin improved the viability of HNEpCs, reversed LPS-induced ROS, reduced the MDA content, and inhibited their apoptosis. More importantly, melatonin reduced the expression of IL-33 and TSLP, an important phenomenon for the treatment of CRSwNP. This study provides preliminary evidence for using melatonin therapy to treat chronic rhinosinusitis.
Anti-adhesive performance of CNT enriched nanofluid lubrication during turning of Aluminum 7075 alloy using textured tools
Authors: Elhami Sadegh , Farahnakian Masoud , Khani Salman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the effect of surface texturing and CNT enriched nanofluid lubrication on the cutting performance of cemented carbide cutting inserts during the turning of Aluminum 7075 alloy. This alloy is widely used in various industries due to its excellent properties such as high corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and good formability. Although aluminum alloys have good cutting properties because of their low strength, they adhere between tool and chip on the rake face in machining processes, and this results in the low surface finish of machined components. To solve this problem, the use of textured tools under nanofluid lubrication is proposed in this study. Firstly, different shape of textures was fabricated on the rake face, and effective texture was determined using experimental tests. Then, turning tests were carried out using the selected textured tool under CNT enriched nanofluid lubrication to enhance the cutting performance of the machining process. Results showed that the linear microgrooves perpendicular to chip flow direction have better performance in comparison to other shapes of texture. Our findings revealed that the main cutting force, built-up edge, and surface finish were reduced up to 32%, 37%, and 19% using the selected textured tool under CNT enriched nanofluid lubrication compared to dry turning condition.
Occlusal features of 5-year-old Greek children. A national pathfinder survey.
Authors: Davidopoulou Sotiria , Arapostathis Konstantinos , Berdouses Elias , Kavvadia Aikaterini , Oulis Constantine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition are crucial in predicting and determining permanent tooth alignment and occlusion. The aim of our study was to determine the occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition of 5-year-old children in Greece through a national pathfinder survey. Methods: A stratified cluster sample of 1222 5-year-old children was selected according to the WHO guidelines for national pathfinder surveys. Five occlusal traits were registered clinically in centric occlusion, separately for the left and right sides: sagittal relationships of the second primary molars and primary canines, overjet, overbite, crossbite, and maxillary and mandibular spacing. Results: Most children showed a flush terminal plane of primary second molars (44.8%), a class I primary canine relationship (52.2%) and normal overjet (46.4%), but a high prevalence of Class II canine relationship (25.6%) and overjet (37.8%) were also observed. A normal overbite was found in 40% of the children and 40% had a deep overbite. Spacing was apparent in both maxilla (71.1% of children) and mandible (56.4%). Both The prevalence of open bite significantly rose in children sucking their finger and using the pacifier and altered the bilateral second primary molar relationship, by increasing distal step bilaterally. Conclusions: Νon-nutritive habits were associated to altered occlusal features. No sex significant differences were found in either the sagittal relationships of second primary molars and primary canines, or overjet, overbite, crossbite and spacing.
Intergenerational wealth inequality and transfer in shared socioeconomic pathways A case study of South Africa
Authors: Shayegh Soheil , Zheng Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We develop a novel structural economic model of overlapping generations to study wealth accumulation and distribution under the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We consider skill-specific wages and intergenerational wealth transfers as determinants wealth. The model is calibrated to match the projections of human capital accumulation and economic growth of South Africa in the 21st century. We find that the wealth gap between the rich and the poor increases under the SSP3 and SSP4 scenarios which have lower human capital growth rates. Furthermore, rich households accumulate more wealth at a faster rate than poor households. In other scenarios, the median households with mixed skill background are those leading the wealth accumulation compared to rich households. As a result, the wealth gap grows slower and the wealth inequality measured by the Gini index decreases in SSP1, SSP2, and SSP5. Overall, our results highlight the important role of capital inheritance in the income distribution dynamics.
Anti-donor T cell responses are equivalent between elderly and non-elderly kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Ide Kentaro , Sasaki Yu , Tanaka Yuka , Tanaka Asuka , Akimoto Shuji , Tahara Hiroyuki , Ohira Masahiro , Tanimine Naoki , Marlen Doskali , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although the number of kidney transplantations (KTs) among elderly patients has been increasing, no specific recommendations have been established for managing elderly patients. In this study, we investigated the influence of aging on anti-donor T-cell responses by comparing elderly (aged ≥ 60 years) and non-elderly KT recipients with cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimens. We performed a serial mixed lymphocyte reaction assay to evaluate the status of T-cell immunity in KT recipients. During the observation period, a certain number of patients in both groups presented with hyper T-cell responses to donor stimuli. Notably, the proportion of patients showing anti-donor hyper-responsiveness in the elderly group gradually increased over time with a reduced dosage of immunosuppressants.In conclusion, anti-donor T cell responses were equivalent between elderly and non-elderly recipients. Thus, caution is required regarding the imprudent reduction of immunosuppressants in elderly recipients. A rigorously designed, large-scale, prospective study is needed to validate these results.
New Development of the Point Performance of a Bridge Using Stiffness-Based Damage Index and Drift Damage
Authors: harzallah salaheddine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this present research study, development of the performance point of a bridge using stiffness-based damage index and drift damage to assess damage to reinforced concrete moment resisting frames, is proposed. It is shown that inelastic dynamic time-history analysis is performed on bridge subjected to earthquake records meanwhile damage of the bridge is computed by the stiffness-based damage index. Two relations between damage and drift are derived by applying a superposition that takes into account their effects. It is proven that the proposed point performance and damage indices are able to assess the damage index of bridge frames.The proposed approach is then checked by comparing predicted values to the ones considered as exact in the literature.
Plasmodium berghei Brca2 Is Required for Normal Development and Differentiation in Mice and Mosquitoes
Authors: Yoshikawa Yasunaga , Kimura Shunta , Soga Akira , Sugiyama Makoto , Ueno Aki , Kondo Hiroki , Zhu Zida , Ochiai Kazuhiko , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Hakozaki Jun , Kusakisako Kodai , Haraguchi Asako , Kitano Taisuke , Orino Koichi , Fukumoto Shinya , Ikadai Hiromi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Malaria is a major global parasitic infestation caused by Plasmodium spp. Its zygotes undergo meiosis and develop into haploid ookinetes which differentiate into oocysts that undergo sporogony. Homologous recombination (HR) occurs during meiosis and introduces genetic variation. However, the mechanisms of HR in Plasmodium are unclear. In humans, the recombinases Rad51 and Dmc1 are required for HR and are regulated by BRCA2. Most eukaryotes harbor BRCA2 homologs. Nevertheless, they have not been reported for Plasmodium.Methods: A Brca2 candidate was salvaged from a database to identify Brca2 homologs in Plasmodium. To confirm that the candidate protein was Brca2, interaction activity between Plasmodium berghei (Pb) Brca2 and Rad51 was tested by a mammalian two-hybrid assay. To elucidate the functions of PbBrca2, it was knocked out and parasite proliferation and differentiation were assessed in mice and mosquitoes. Transmission electron microscopy was used to identify sporogony.Results: The candidate protein was conserved among Plasmodium species and indicated that they harbored critical BRCA2 domains including BRC repeats, tower, and oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding-fold domains. The P. berghei BRC repeats interacted with PbRad51. Hence, this candidate was considered a Brca2 homolog. PbBrca2 knockout parasites were associated with reduced parasitemia, gametocytemia, female gametocyte ratio, oocyst number, and ookinete development in both mice and mosquitoes. Nevertheless, gametocyte and ookinete morphology was comparable with that of wild type parasites. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed that sporogony never progressed in Brca2-knockout parasites.Conclusions: Brca2 is implicated in nearly all Plasmodium life cycle stages and especially in sporogony. PbBrca2 contributes to homologous recombination during meiosis.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3-based micro-nano fibers via thermal drawing and interfacial engineering
Authors: Sun Min , Tang Guowu , Wang Hanfu , Zhang Ting , Zhang Pengyu , Han Bin , Yang Ming , Zhang Hang , Chen Yicong , Chen Jun , Chen Dongdan , Gan Jiulin , Qian Qi , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High-performance thermoelectric (TE) materials with great flexibility and stability are urgently needed to efficiently convert heat energy into electrical power. Recently, intrinsically crystalline, mechanically stable, and flexible inorganic TE fibers that show TE properties comparable to their bulk counterparts are of interest to researchers. Despite remarkable progress moving TE fibers towards room-temperature TE conversion, the figure-of-merit value (ZT) and bending stability still need enhancement. Herein, we report interfacial engineering enhanced thermoelectric properties of micro-nano polycrystalline TE fibers fabricated by thermally drawing Bi2Te3-based bulks in a glass-fiber template. The interfacial engineering effect comes from generating stress-induced oriented nanocrystals to increase electrical conductivity and producing strain-distorted interfaces to decrease thermal conductivity. The resulting fibers achieve a 40% higher ZT (~1.4 at 300 K) than their bulk counterparts and show a reversible bending radius of 50 µm, approaching the theoretical elastic limit. This fabrication strategy works for a wide range of inorganic TE materials and benefits the development of fiber-based micro-TE devices.
Integrated subwavelength gratings on a lithium niobate on insulator platform for mode and polarization manipulation
Authors: Han Xu , Chen Li , Jiang Yongheng , Frigg Andreas , Xiao Huifu , Nguyen Thach , Boes Andy , Yang Jianhong , Ren Guanghui , Su Yikai , Mitchell Arnan , Tian Yonghui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has emerged as a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits, with a fast-growing toolbox of components. In this paper, we propose, design and experimentally demonstrate compact subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguides on a LNOI platform for on-chip mode and polarization manipulation. To overcome the limitation of waveguide fabrication, the SWGs are designed and formed on a silicon nitride thin film deposited onto the surface of LNOI chip. As proof-of-concept devices, the SWG-based spatial mode filters and a TM-pass polarizer are fabricated successfully on the same chip, with the device lengths of only ~50 μm. The measured insertion losses for the devices are lower than 3.1 dB, with high extinction ratio larger than 30 dB, at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The proposed and demonstrated SWGs can serve as important building blocks in a series of mode and polarization handling devices for LNOI integrated photonics.
Adoption of digital health with a concept of patient as an organization
Authors: Gupta Atantra Das 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper has been conceptualized as it will script a new paradigm for the patient-based healthcare model. Where patients will evolve from mere consumers of resources to an organization as it produces resources as well. The patient will not only be monitored by the state but also be protected, empowered similar to Organization. This very concept will ensure the shift from exploitation to utilization.