bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two chemistries on a single lab-on-chip: Nitrate and orthophosphate sensing underwater with inlaid microfluidics
Authors: Luy Edward , Smith James , Grundke Iain , Sonnichsen Colin , Furlong Arnold , Sieben Vincent 
Published: December 2022

Autonomous in situ sensors are required to monitor high-frequency nutrient fluctuations in marine environments on a mass-scale. We present a submersible, dual-chemistry sensor that performs multiple colourimetric assays simultaneously on a fluid sample for multi-parameter in situ analysis. Based on a highly configurable architecture that has been successfully deployed for several multi-month periods, the sensor utilizes 10 solenoid valves, 4 syringes, 3 stepper motors, 2 LEDs, 4 photodiodes, and “inlaid” microfluidics to permit optical measurements of microliter fluid volumes. Fluid pathways are machined into a modular two-layer microfluidic lab-on-chip (LOC) fabricated from poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with two parallel inlaid optical cells of 10.4 mm and 25.4 mm path lengths (1.7 µl and 4 μl, respectively). Different LOC designs can be used to implement a wide variety of colorimetric assays. We demonstrate application of our dual-chemistry sensor towards simultaneous measurement of nitrate and dissolved orthophosphate: two nutrients fundamental to primary production. The performance of the dual-species nitrate and phosphate “NP Sensor” is characterized first in a controlled laboratory environment. Combined nutrient standards containing nitrate and phosphate concentrations ranging from 2.5 µM–100 µM NO3− and 0.25 µM–10 µM PO43− were analyzed, reporting detection limits of 97 nM NO3− and 15 nM PO43−. Calibrations were repeated under 3 fixed temperature conditions, T = 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, to determine the temperature-dependent sensitivity relations for both species needed to calculate concentrations during field deployments. Finally, an 8-day field deployment in Fish Hatchery Park, NS, Canada followed, acquiring a total of 592 nitrate and dissolved orthophosphate measurements. An on-board combined nutrient standard was measured periodically to assess the in situ accuracy of the sensor, with an average relative uncertainty of 15% across the deployment. Measured nitrate and dissolved orthophosphate levels in the river reached as high as 10 µM and 3.6 µM, respectively. Fast Fourier transform analysis suggests a strong out-of-phase relationship between measured phosphate and water level, with a shared frequency peak in both data agreeing within a 3.2% difference. This trend is due to conventional mixing at the river mouth to neighboring Bedford Basin. A spike in the measured nitrate to phosphate (N:P) ratio was also observed, synchronized to a precipitation event and indicative of runoff. The novel sensor will enable high-frequency dual-nutrient monitoring in many aquatic environments.
Efficient identification of pre-flare features in SDO/AIA images through use of spatial Fourier transforms
Authors: Massa Paolo , Emslie A. Gordon 
Published: December 2022

In this “Methods” paper, we investigate how to compress SDO/AIA data by transforming the AIA source maps into the Fourier domain at a limited set of spatial frequency points. Specifically, we show that compression factors of one order of magnitude or more can be achieved without significant loss of information. The exploration of data compression techniques is motivated by our plan to train Neural Networks on AIA data to identify features that lead to a solar flare. Because the data is spatially resolved and polychromatic (as opposed to spatially-integrated, such as GOES, or monochromatic, such as magnetograms), the network can be trained to recognize features representing changes in plasma properties (e.g., temperature, density), in addition to temporal changes revealed by Sun-integrated data or physical restructuring revealed by monochromatic spatially-resolved data. However, given the immense size of a suitable training set of SDO/AIA data (more than 1011 pixels, requiring more than one TB of memory), some form of data compression scheme is highly desirable and, in this paper, we propose a Fourier based one. Numerical experiments show that, not only Fourier maps retain more information on the original AIA images compared to straightforward binning of spatial pixels, but also that certain types of changes in source structure (e.g., thinning or thickening of an elongated filamentary structure) may be equally, if not more, recognizable in the spatial frequency domain. We conclude by describing a program of work designed to exploit the use of spatial Fourier transform maps to identify features in four-dimensional data hypercubes containing spatial, spectral, and temporal information of the state of the solar plasma prior to possible flaring activity.
The Best Closure Technique Without Mesh in Elective Midline Laparotomy Closure
Authors: Fortelny René H. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The risk of developing an incisional hernia after primary elective median laparotomy is reported in the literature as being between 5 and 20 percent. The basic of an optimal outcome after midline incision is the appropriate closure technique with or without a prophylactic mesh. The objective of this paper is to critically examine the various closure techniques and, in particular, to present a detailed comparison of the long stitch and short stitch techniques.Method: Based on the available literature, the characteristics of the different closure techniques are described in detail, advantages and disadvantages are compared, and the current status of a practicable recommendation is discussed. Special attention is paid to the criteria of the short stitch technique, such as the suture to incision length ratio, number of stitches and distances, as well as suture material.Results: For elective midline closures, the use of a continuous closure using a slowly absorbable suture material in the small-bites technique with suture to wound ratio of at least 5:1 result in significantly lower risk of complications such as bursting abdomen and less incisional hernia rates compared to the large-bites technique.Conclusion: Based on the present evidence in midline closure after elective laparotomy the small bites technique can be recommended to significantly reduce the rate of incisional hernia.
Matrix Approach for Analyzing n-Site Generalized ASIP Systems: PGF and Site Occupancy Probabilities
Authors: Yechiali Uri , Yeger Yaron 
Published: December 2022

The Asymmetric Simple Inclusion Process (ASIP) is an n-site tandem stochastic network with a Poisson arrival influx into the first site. Each site has an unlimited buffer with a gate in front of it. Each gate opens, independently of all other gates, following a site-dependent Exponential inter-opening time. When a site’s gate opens, all particles occupying the site move simultaneously to the next site. In this paper, a Generalized ASIP network is analyzed where the influx is to all sites, while gate openings are determined by a general renewal process. A compact matrix approach—instead of the conventional (and tedious) successive substitution method—is constructed for the derivation of the multidimensional probability-generating function (PGF) of the site occupancies. It is shown that the set of (2nn) linear equations required to obtain the PGF of an n-site network can be first cut by half into a set of 2n−1n equations, and then further reduced to a set of 2n−n+1 equations. The latter set can be additionally split into several smaller triangular subsets. It is also shown how the PGF of an n+1-site network can be derived from the corresponding PGF of an n-site system. Explicit results for networks with n=3 and n=4 sites are obtained. The matrix approach is utilized to explicitly calculate the probability that site k k=1,2,…,n is occupied. We show that, in the case where arrivals occur to the first site only, these probabilities are functions of both the site’s index and the arrival flux and not solely of the site’s index. Consequently, refined formulas for the latter probabilities and for the mean conditional site occupancies are derived. We further show that in the case where the arrival process to the first site is Poisson with rate λ, the following interesting property holds: Psite k is occupied | λ=1=Psite k+1 is occupied | λ→∞. The case where the inter-gate opening intervals are Gamma distributed is investigated and explicit formulas are obtained. Mean site occupancy and mean total load of the first k sites are calculated. Numerical results are presented.
Eckmaxol Isolated from Ecklonia maxima Attenuates Particulate-Matter-Induced Inflammation in MH-S Lung Macrophage
Authors: Nagahawatta D. P. , Liyanage N. M. , Jayawardhana H. H. A. C. K. , Jayawardena Thilina U. , Lee Hyo-Geun , Heo Moon-Soo , Jeon You-Jin 
Published: December 2022

Airborne particulate matter (PM) originating from industrial processes is a major threat to the environment and health in East Asia. PM can cause asthma, collateral lung tissue damage, oxidative stress, allergic reactions, and inflammation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of eckmaxol, a phlorotannin isolated from Ecklonia maxima, against PM-induced inflammation in MH-S macrophage cells. It was found that PM induced inflammation in MH-S lung macrophages, which was inhibited by eckmaxol treatment in a dose-dependent manner (21.0–84.12 µM). Eckmaxol attenuated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in PM-induced lung macrophages. Subsequently, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were downregulated. PM stimulated inflammation in MH-S lung macrophages by activating Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Eckmaxol exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the activation of TLRs, downstream signaling of NF-κB (p50 and p65), and MAPK pathways, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. These findings suggest that eckmaxol may offer substantial therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Analysis and Correction of Measurement Error of Spherical Capacitive Sensor Caused by Assembly Error of the Inner Frame in the Aeronautical Optoelectronic Pod
Authors: Ma Tianxiang , Yang Shengqi , Xu Yongsen , Liu Dachuan , Hou Jinghua , Liu Yunqing 
Published: December 2022

The ball joint is a multi-degree-of-freedom transmission pair, if it can replace the inner frame in the aviation photoelectric pod to carry the optical load, which will greatly simplify the system structure of the photoelectric pod and reduce the space occupied by the inner frame. However, installation errors in ball joint siting introduce nonlinear errors that are difficult to correct and two degree of freedom angular displacement of the ball joint is difficult to detect, which limits application in the precision control of two degrees of freedom systems. Studies of spherical capacitive sensors to date have not tested sensors for use in an inner frame stabilisation mechanism nor have they analysed the influence of installation error on sensor output. A two-axis angular experimental device was designed to measure the performance of a ball joint capacitive sensor in a frame stabilisation mechanism in an aeronautical optoelectronic pod, and a mathematical model to compensate for ball joint capacitive sensor installation error was created and tested. The experimental results show that the resolution of the capacitive sensor was 0.02° in the operating range ±4°, the repeatability factor was 0.86%, and the pulse response time was 39 μs. The designed capacitive sensor has a simple structure, high measurement accuracy, and strong robustness, and it can be integrated into ball joint applications in the frames of aeronautical photoelectric pods.
Controlled atmosphere and dynamic controlled atmosphere for Fuzzy logic-based banana storage
Authors: Pansera-Espíndola Bruno , Marcelino Roderval , Crotti Yuri 
Published: December 2022

The insertion of New Information and Communication Technologies is increasingly present in the most diverse fields of knowledge, among them agriculture. This insertion results in what is called precision agriculture. Postharvest of bananas requires the application of new technologies to increase storage time and reduce losses. Bananas are highly perishable. Losses in postharvest may vary from 20% to 80% of the crop. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present the impact of applying new information and communication technologies in the quality and time of conservation of bananas in control atmosphere. To meet the goals, five treatments in the cold storage process of bananas, refrigerated environment, static controlled atmosphere (2% of O2 and 7% of CO2), dynamic controlled atmosphere with static respiratory quotient, dynamic controlled atmosphere with dynamic respiratory quotient, and controlled atmosphere with intelligent control (2% of O2 and 7% of CO2) were applied. These five treatments were implemented based on a computing embedded system, sensors and actuators. The intelligent control system used was built with Fuzzy logic techniques. The system controls the respiration gases of bananas and a cold chamber controls the temperature. To validate the research, the storage of pome banana was evaluated in all the treatments to compare the fruit technical requisites and quality. As results we can see the expressive increase of storage time of bananas with the keep of fruit quality. The treatment system with dynamic and intelligent atmosphere control was also seen (2% of O2 and 7% of CO2) as the most efficient, reaching a storage for 45 days and thus proving that new technologies promotes precision agriculture.
Valence fluctuation in Yb3Si5 probed by synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Kuga Kentaro , Matsunami Masaharu , Fujiwara Hidenori , Nozue Goro , Ose Akane , Sekiyama Akira , Yasui Akira , Hamamoto Satoru , Oura Masaki , Takeuchi Tsunehiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We report the direct evidence of valence fluctuation in the thermoelectric material Yb3Si5 by using synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The Yb 3d core level photoemission spectrum of a Yb3Si5 single crystal shows clear separation of the Yb2+ peak and Yb3+ multiplet peaks. From the spectral weight of each component, the mean valence of Yb ions is estimated to be +2.67 at 20 K. Furthermore, a Kondo resonance peak just below the Fermi energy is also observed by high-resolution soft X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, suggesting the valence fluctuating state in Yb3Si5.
Integrated active lithium niobate photonic devices
Authors: Wang Min , Fang Zhiwei , Lin Jintian , Wu Rongbo , Chen Jinming , Liu Zhaoxiang , Zhang Haisu , Qiao Lingling , Cheng Ya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We report on the fabrication of integrated active lithium niobate (LN) photonic devices such as waveguide amplifiers and tunable lasers using the photolithography-assisted chemo-mechanical etching (PLACE) technique. Specifically, a maximum internal net gain exceeding 20 dB is achieved in the LN waveguide amplifier, and an electro-optically tunable single-frequency laser with an ultra-narrow linewidth of 454.7 Hz is demonstrated in a high-Q LN microdisk. An electrically driven microring laser is demonstrated by the monolithic integration of a diode laser with an LN microring resonator. We also realize a hybrid integration of passive and active LN microdevices using a continuous lithographic processing approach. The integrated active LN photonic devices have a broad range of applications in light-wave communication, precision sensing and quantum information science.
Stochastic defect generation depending on tetraalkylhydroxide aqueous developers in extreme ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Harumoto Masahiko , dos Santos Andreia Figueiredo , Santillan Julius Joseph , Itani Toshiro , Kozawa Takahiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Patterning targets in leading-edge technologies such as extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) are starting to push present photoresist materials (e.g. chemical amplification resists) to their physical limits. The appearance of randomly occurring (stochastic) photoresist-based defects in these stringent patterning targets has become one of the main concerns in EUVL. To obtain possible clues to understanding these stochastic defects, the effect of developer solutions (alkyl chain length of tetraalkylammonium hydroxide) on stochastic defects was investigated. This paper was built on our previous work in which we investigated the dissolution dynamics of three types of typical EUV photoresist processed in developer solutions with different alkyl chain lengths. Using the same materials, we found from EUV patterning experiments focusing on contact hole (CH) patterns that the long-alkyl-chain developer solution, i.e. tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, was effective in mitigating stochastic defects in acryl-type and hybrid-type photoresists (the latter being more commonly utilized for EUVL). (147/150)
Highly luminescent and narrow-band-emitting InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dot synthesis by halide modified shell reaction
Authors: Moriyama Takafumi , Kumamoto Akihito , Kido Makoto , Sasaki Hirokazu , Novet Thomas , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) are attractive materials as cadmium- and lead-free emitters for wide-color gamut displays. However, the wider emission full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of InP-QDs has been the obstacle to replacing cadmium selenide QDs. Here, we report that the presence of ZnCl2 during shell formation drastically improves the emission properties of InP-QDs. Scanning transmission electron microscope observation revealed that uniform and spherical particles were formed in the presence of ZnCl2. By combining the flow reaction of InP core QDs, kilogram-scale synthesis was achieved while maintaining excellent emission properties.
Parasitic Patch-based Power Transfer Efficiency Enhancement of WPT Systems using Circularly Polarized Antennas for IMDs
Authors: Joshi Alok Chandra , Dash Jogesh Chandra , Sarkar Debdeep 
Published: December 2022

<p> In this paper, we propose a parasitic patch-based method to improve the power transfer efficiency of radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) systems involving implanted biomedical devices. The proposed WPT system uses circularly polarised antennas, having a four-element sequentially rotated antenna array, as the Tx and a miniaturized circularly polarized antenna implanted inside a body mimicking gel as the Rx with a parasitic patch placed in close vicinity. The design guidelines for the dimensions of the parasitic patch and its distance from the implanted antenna are discussed in-depth based on rigorous parametric studies and analysis. The proposed parasitic patch-based method improves the implantable antenna gain by 7.83 dBic, thereby increasing the power transfer efficiency at 2.4 GHz operating frequency. Improvement in power transfer is experimentally demonstrated with the help of a low-cost experimental setup having a software-defined radio (SDR) and a spectrum analyzer. Further to analyze the effect of interfering signals on the performance of the WPT system, power received by the implantable antenna is measured in presence of a secondary transmitter. </p>
A Very Large Cardiac Channel Data Database (VLCD) used to Evaluate Global Image Coherence (GIC) as an In-Vivo Image Quality Metric
Authors: Rindal Ole Marius Hoel , Bjåstad Tore Grüner , Espeland Torvald , Berg Erik Andreas Rye , Måsøy Svein-Erik 
Published: December 2022

<p>Ultrasound image quality is of utmost importance for a clinician to reach a correct diagnosis. Conventionally, image quality is evaluated using metrics to determine the contrast and resolution. These metrics requires localization of specific regions and targets in the image such as a region of interest (ROI), a background region, and or, a point scatterer. Such objects can all be difficult to identify in in-vivo images, especially for automatic evaluation of image quality in large amounts of data.</p>
<p>Using a matrix array probe, we have recorded a Very Large cardiac Channel data Database (VLCD) to evaluate coherence as an in-vivo image quality metric. The VLCD consists of 33 280 individual image frames from 538 recordings of 106 patients. We also introduce a Global Image Coherence (GIC), an in-vivo image quality metric that does not require any identified ROI since it is defined as an average coherence value calculated from all the data pixels used to form the image, below a pre-selected range. The GIC is shown to be a quantitative metric for in-vivo image quality when applied to the VLCD. We demonstrate, on a subset of the dataset, that the GIC correlates well with the conventional metrics contrast ratio (CR) and the generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) with R=0.74 (p<0.005) and R=0.62 (p<0.005) respectively. </p>
<p>There exists multiple methods to estimate the coherence of the received signal across the ultrasound array. We further show that all coherence measures investigated in this study are highly correlated (R>0.9, p<0.001) when applied to the VLCD. Thus, even though there are differences in the implementation of coherence measures, all quantify the similarity of the signal across the array and can be averaged into a GIC to evaluate image quality automatically and quantitatively.</p>
A Very Large Cardiac Channel Data Database (VLCD) used to Evaluate Global Image Coherence (GIC) as an In-Vivo Image Quality Metric
Authors: Rindal Ole Marius Hoel , Bjåstad Tore Grüner , Espeland Torvald , Berg Erik Andreas Rye , Måsøy Svein-Erik 
Published: December 2022

<p>The ultrasound image quality is of utmost importance for a clinician to reach the correct diagnosis. Conventionally, image quality is evaluated using metrics to evaluate the contrast and resolution. These metrics requires localization of specific regions and targets in the image such as a region of interest (ROI), a background region and or a point scatter. Such objects can all be difficult to identify in in-vivo images, especially for automatic evaluation of image quality in large amounts of data.</p>
<p>Using a matrix array probe, we have recorded a Very Large cardiac Channel data Database (VLCD) to evaluate coherence as an in-vivo image quality metric. The VLCD consists of 33 280 individual image frames from 538 recordings of 106 patients. We also introduce a Global Image Coherence (GIC), an in-vivo image quality metric that does not require any identified ROI since it is defined as an average coherence value calculated from all the data pixels used to form the image. The GIC is shown to be a quantitative metric for in-vivo image quality when applied to the VLCD. </p>
<p>There exists multiple methods to estimate the coherence of the received signal across the ultrasound array. We further demonstrate that all coherence measures investigated in this study is highly correlated (R>0.9, p<0.001) when applied to the VLCD. Thus, even though there are differences in the implementation of coherence measures, they all measure the similarity of the signal across the array and can be averaged into a GIC to evaluate the image quality automatically and quantitatively.</p>