bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vedolizumab Antagonizes MAdCAM-1-Dependent Human Placental Cytotrophoblast Adhesion and InvasionIn Vitro
Authors: Blaisdell Adam , Zhou Yan , Kattah Michael G , Fisher Susan J , Mahadevan Uma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnti-α4β7 (Vedolizumab) treats inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by blocking the interaction between integrin α4β7 on leukocytes and mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) on the gut endothelium. Women with IBD often require continuing biologic therapy during pregnancy to avoid disease flare. To date, there have been no reports of an increase in adverse events with Vedolizumab use during pregnancy. Notably, integrins play a major role in human placental development during pregnancy. It is unknown whether Vedolizumab disrupts placental cell (cytotrophoblast) invasion and/or adhesion by blocking interactions with MAdCAM-1. We therefore investigated human placental expression of MAdCAM-1, the role of MAdCAM-1/α4β7 interactions in cytotrophoblast invasion/adhesion in vitro, and whether Vedolizumab administration in vivo alters the placental structure.MethodsHistological sections of placentas from normal pregnancies were evaluated for MAdCAM-1 expression by immunofluorescence. The impacts of Vedolizumab or anti-integrin β7 on human cytotrophoblast invasion and adhesion were assessed. Histology results from term placentas of 2 patients with IBD receiving Vedolizumab were compared to those of untreated healthy controls.ResultsPlacental MAdCAM-1 expression was predominantly associated with invading extravillous cytotrophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface. Treatment of isolated primary cytotrophoblasts with Vedolizumab or anti-integrin β7 significantly reduced Matrigel invasion, adherence to a MAdCAM-1-coated substrate, and interactions with HuT-78 cells. Placentas from 2 Vedolizumab-treated patients with IBD exhibited pronounced pathologic features as compared to healthy control specimens.ConclusionsThis study revealed a previously unrecognized role for α4β7 and MAdCAM-1 in human placentation. More clinical and histological data from Vedolizumab-treated pregnant patients will be necessary to determine whether this medication poses any risk to the mother and fetus.
Provocation, Public Opinion, and International Disputes: Evidence from China
Authors: Dafoe Allan , Liu Samuel , O'Keefe Brian , Weiss Jessica Chen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
What public pressures do leaders face in international disputes? Leaders often denounce foreign actions as provocations, triggering public anger and demands for restitution. Rather than generating a reflexive rally around the flag, we argue that leaders who invoke foreign provocations—whether hypothetical, remembered, exaggerated, or real—face heightened public disapproval if they fail to take tough action in the present. Across two survey experiments and a quasi-experiment involving US naval patrols in the South China Sea, we find that incidents construed as provocative increase public pressure on the Chinese government to respond or incur public disapproval. We discuss possible explanations, how government elites seek to mitigate public disapproval, and how such events can change the logic of coercion and deterrence.
Self-regulation and Autonomy in the Job Search: Key Factors to Support Job Search Among Swiss Job Seekers
Authors: Dillahunt Tawanna R , Siqueira Rodrigues Lucas , Chiao-Yin Hsiao Joey , Cherubini Mauro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTechnology integration in the workplace context has led to substantial growth in high- versus low-skilled jobs, and thus, further disparities between workers and those who were already unemployed. Technology use is also being used more frequently in the job search process, which could further lead to disparities, especially for job seekers experiencing marginalization. Thus, we conducted a controlled longitudinal field deployment of two employment-based tools—RevueCV and InterviewApp—among 46 Switzerland-based unemployed job seekers. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we sought to understand how the tools affected job search self-efficacy, subjective norms and job search attitudes—the three factors that influence a job seekers’ job search intention. Although participants appreciated the support the two tools provided, and the inherent study benefits, our interview and survey results showed no substantial changes in their TPB values, primarily because the tools provided overlapping services with the local job placement offices. However, results of our interviews found autonomy, or the lack thereof, to be a key factor contributing to job seeker dissatisfaction. We introduce the concept of self-regulation to the TPB as an explanatory construct and contribute design and theoretical implications to support autonomy among job seekers with less control of their job search.
Incentive Effects from Write-down CoCo Bonds: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Cutura Jannic , Hesse Henning 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Departing from the principle of absolute priority, contingent convertible (CoCo) bonds are particularly exposed to bank losses despite not having ownership rights. In this article we show the link between adverse CoCo bond design and their yields, confirming the existence of market discipline in designated bail-in debt. Specifically, focusing on the write-down feature as a loss-absorption mechanism in CoCo debt, we find a yield premium on this feature relative to equity-conversion CoCo bonds as predicted by theoretical models. Moreover, and consistent with theories on moral hazard, we find this premium to be largest when existing incentives for opportunistic behaviour are largest, while the premium is non-existent if moral hazard is perceived to be small. Overall, our findings support the notion of market discipline through monitoring debt investors and have important implications for the optimal design of CoCos from a regulatory perspective.
First Report of Black Fig Fly,Silba adipata(Diptera: Lonchaeidae), in the United States
Authors: Britt Kadie E , Gordon Phoebe E , Faber Ben A , Rios Sonia I , Wilson Houston 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe black fig fly, Silba adipata McAlpine (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), is a Mediterranean insect that exclusively reproduces on figs, Ficus carica L. (Rosales: Moraceae). Widely considered a pest of figs throughout southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, S. adipata was recently discovered infesting figs throughout southern California, representing the first report of this pest in the United States. Here, we provide background information on the distribution, biology, ecology, monitoring, and management of this pest, as well as outline research and extension efforts that have been catalyzed by this recent invasion. California accounts for a majority of both fresh and dried fig production in the United States. To date, S. adipata infestations have been limited to orchards in coastal and southern California, whereas most commercial fig production takes place in the inland Central Valley region. Better knowledge of temperature thresholds is currently needed to estimate potential range expansion to these more inland regions of the state.
The Great and Powerful Dr. Oz? Alternative Health Media Consumption and Vaccine Views in the United States
Authors: Stecula Dominik A , Motta Matthew , Kuru Ozan , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiothoracic surgeon Dr. Mehmet Oz, until recently the host of a nationally syndicated U.S. television show, is among the media figures who have espoused health views unsanctioned by established medical authorities such as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration. In a large, probability-based national longitudinal study, we examine the prevalence and consequences of consuming alternative health media (AHM), such as The Dr. Oz Show. Drawing on data from a naturally occurring and time-varying quasi-experiment, we demonstrate that such programming may be able to shift the attitudes of its audience on consequential health topics. Specifically, Oz’s endorsement of the MMR vaccine was associated with a shift in acceptance among a segment of his audience. Our study demonstrates both the persuasive power of AHM and its capacity to align the views of its low-knowledge audience members with CDC and FDA-consistent science, should its trusted sources choose to do so.
Characterization of Limited Duty Neuromusculoskeletal Injuries and Return to Duty Times in the U.S. Army During 2017-2018
Authors: Roy Tanja C , Faller Theresa N , Richardson Melissa D , Taylor Kathryn M 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Neuromusculoskeletal injuries (MSKI) are the leading cause of medical encounters, lost or limited duty days, medical evacuations, and disability in the U.S. Army. In the U.S. Army, objective MSKI incidence rate metrics can be determined through medical encounter data (M2SKIs) with International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 and ICD 10 codes or through documented limited duty profiles (LDPs) documenting time-loss MSKI (TLMSKI). The purpose of the current study was to characterize the population incidence of TLMSKIs among U.S. Army soldiers.

Materials and Methods
This study was approved by the Medical Research and Development Command’s Institutional Review Board. This was a retrospective population-level study. The U.S. Army’s eProfile system was utilized to characterize all LDPs issued during 2017-2018 and to describe the body regions injured and activities associated with these TLMSKIs.

Results
The incidence rate of TLMSKIs was found to be 44 and 40 TLMSKI/100 soldier-years for 2017 and 2018, respectively, which is lower than previously published incidence rates using MSKI receiving medical care. Approximately one quarter of the total active duty Army population in 2017 and 2018 recorded limited duty injuries, where those to the ankle/foot region resulted in the most LDPs and those to the knee resulted in the most lost duty days. The majority of all TLMSKIs were associated with fitness training-related activities.

Conclusion
This descriptive study is the first to present the U.S. Army population rates for MSKIs that result in LDPs, representing key time losses when soldiers cannot participate in their military occupational and physical training tasks. This study utilizes the LDP system to calculate limited duty days instead of attempting to estimate this information from other means. The eProfile system is limited in that it combines body regions such as ankle/foot and does not allow isolation of ankle or foot independently. It is recommended that research and training programs target the identification, development, and validation of effective and scaleable strategies to maximize performance without severely reducing combat effectiveness because of training TLMSKIs.
Limits on non-canonical heating and turbulence in the intergalactic medium from the low redshift Lyman α forest
Authors: Bolton James S , Gaikwad Prakash , Haehnelt Martin G , Kim Tae-Sun , Nasir Fahad , Puchwein Ewald , Viel Matteo , Wakker Bart P 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We examine the column density distribution function (CDDF) and Doppler parameter distribution from hydrodynamical simulations and Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) observations of the Ly α forest at redshift 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.2. Allowing for a factor of two uncertainty in the metagalactic H $\, \rm \scriptstyle I \, $ photoionization rate, our hydrodynamical simulations are in good agreement (1–1.5σ) with the shape and amplitude of the observed CDDF at H $\, \rm \scriptstyle I \, $ column densities $10^{13.3}\rm \, cm^{-2}\le N_{\rm H\,{\small I}}\le 10^{14.5}\rm \, cm^{-2}$. However, the Doppler widths of the simulated lines remain too narrow with respect to the COS data. We argue that invoking AGN feedback does not resolve this discrepancy. We also disfavour enhanced photoheating rates as a potential solution, as this requires an unphysically hard UV background spectrum. If instead appealing to a non-canonical source of heating, an additional specific heat injection of $u \lesssim 6.9\rm \, eV\, m_{\rm p}^{-1}$ is required at z ≲ 2.5 for gas that has $N_{\rm H\,{\small I}}\simeq 10^{13.5}\rm \, cm^{-2}$ by z = 0.1. Alternatively, there may be an unresolved line of sight turbulent velocity component of $v_{\rm turb}\lesssim 8.5\rm \, km\, s^{-1}(N_{\rm H\,{\small I}}/10^{13.5}\rm \, cm^{-2})^{0.21}$ for the coldest gas in the diffuse IGM.
Non-Legislative Actions and Party ‘Brand’: Evidence from the Mexican Congress
Authors: Vázquez-Ferrel Carlos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article studies the determinants that influence the efforts of legislators through non-legislative actions in the Mexican Congress. Most studies are confined to analyse the effects of electoral systems and focused on bill initiatives. However, in contexts like in Mexico, where consecutive re-election is prohibited, the performance of legislators needs to be understood beyond purely institutional factors. This article uses a unique database of 8834 non-binding resolutions (points of agreement), an instrument that does not carry the force of law but is widely initiated in Mexico and the prior careers of 1511 members of Congress to test a general model. The results highlight the relevance of the government–opposition relationship, prior posts of legislators, gender and, to a lesser degree, a negative association with those electorally vulnerable parliamentarians, in explaining the use of this instrument, which is controlled by the party leadership.
Patient-directed versus fixed-volume PEG for colonoscopy preparation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jixiang , Jia Xuemei , Guo Yuanmei , Jiang Haotian , Hu Jiaming , Wang Siwei , Huang Binglu , Su Wenhao , Liu Jun , Wang Xiaoli , Dong Weiguo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Individualization using different volumes of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was widely regarded as the optimal solution for bowel preparation, while patient-directed regimen we first proposed may serve as a reliable individual solution. This study aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and satisfaction of bowel preparation with patient-directed regimen. After filtering by exclusion criteria, 428 individuals in the fixed-volume group and 103 in the patient-directed group were successfully enrolled and analyzed. Eighty-three (80.6%) individuals in the patient-directed group had a reduced PEG volume. There was no significant difference in the bowel preparation efficacy between the two groups (89.9% vs. 90.3%, χ² = 0.01; p = 0.918). Patients in the patient-directed group complained of fewer adverse effects (53.0% vs. 36.9%, χ² = 8.655; p = 0.003), especially vomiting (13.6% vs. 1.0%%, χ² = 13.304; p &lt; 0.001). Regarding comfort during bowel preparation, the degree of comfort was not significantly different between groups. Furthermore, the willingness rate for further colonoscopy in the patient-directed group was significantly higher than that in the fixed-volume group (90.29% vs. 77.10%, χ² = 8.912; p &lt; 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the body mass index (BMI) served as independent factor impacting quality of bowel preparation with patient-directed regimen (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00-1.34; p = 0.043). In conclusion, without decreasing the bowel preparation efficacy, the patient-directed regimen increased the safety and satisfaction of bowel preparation and is expected to be a regular and individual solution for bowel preparation. Individuals with a lower BMI are more likely to undertake this new regimen.
Trial registration number: ChiCTR1900022072 at ChiClinicalTrials.gov
Exposure to tobacco, alcohol and ‘Junk food’ content in reality TV programmes broadcast in the UK between August 2019–2020
Authors: Barker Alexander B , Bal Jaspreet , Ruff Laura , Murray Rachael L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Exposure to alcohol, tobacco and foods high in fat, sugar or salt (HFSS) content in media is a risk factor for smoking, alcohol use and HFSS consumption in young people. We report an analysis of tobacco, alcohol and HFSS content in a sample of reality TV programmes broadcast on TV and video-on-demand services throughout a 1-year period.

Methods
We used 1-min interval coding to quantify content in all episodes of 20 different reality TV programmes between August 2019 and August 2020 and estimated population exposure to a sample of these programmes using viewing data and UK population estimates.

Results
We coded 13 244 intervals from 264 episodes. Tobacco content appeared in 227 intervals (2%) across 43 episodes (2%), alcohol in 5167 intervals (39%) across 258 episodes (98%) and HFSS in 1752 intervals (13%) across 234 episodes (88%). A sample of 15 series delivered ~157.4 million tobacco, 3.5 billion alcohol and 1.9 billion HFSS gross impressions to the UK population, including 24 000, 12.6 million and 21.4 million, to children, respectively.

Conclusion
Tobacco, alcohol and HFSS content are common in reality TV programmes. These programmes deliver exposure to tobacco, alcohol and HFSS imagery, which are a potential driver of tobacco use, alcohol use and HFSS consumption in young people.
Optimizing nutrition in plant-based diets
Authors: Monti Katrina S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Diet is increasingly considered a major contributor to the chronic disease burden in Western societies. Plant-based diets are becoming more mainstream as a way to reduce disease risk and improve quality of life. Clinicians who understand the health benefits and risks associated with various plant-based diets can provide helpful advice to their patients. This article discusses six common beliefs about plant-based diets and reviews guidelines for plant-based eating.
CE: Trauma-Informed Care in Nursing Practice
Authors: Dowdell Elizabeth B. , Speck Patricia M. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:
Over the past 30 years, researchers have found that childhood trauma and its subsequent stress have a strong and cumulative effect on health in adulthood. Trauma in childhood often leads to mental health problems, skeletal fractures, and early death from conditions such as heart disease, cancer, lung disease, and liver disease. Compounding the effects of traumatic stress, health care systems often create a population of “never-served” persons who avoid health care settings because they've been subject to judgment and marginalization. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a skill underutilized by health care providers and organizations, yet nurse ethics and respect for human rights require us to care for all patients equally without judgment, including those living with the stress of complex trauma. The TIC approach respects human rights and supports nursing ethics, promoting a welcoming, inclusive environment in health care systems and patient–provider relationships that eschews implicit and explicit bias toward patients, regardless of presentation or personal circumstances. TIC foundational principles guide the application of the nursing process using patient-centered care to create safety, the first principle in TIC. Here, the authors discuss the application of these core principles in nursing through a deidentified case study.
Phrenic Nerve Block and Respiratory Effort in Pigs and Critically Ill Patients with Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Pereira Sérgio M. , Sinedino Bruno E. , Costa Eduardo L. V. , Morais Caio C. A. , Sklar Michael C. , Adkson Sales Lima Cristhiano , Nakamura Maria A. M. , Ranzani Otavio T. , Goligher Ewan C. , Tucci Mauro R. , Ho Yeh-Li , Taniguchi Leandro U. , Vieira Joaquim E. , Brochard Laurent , Amato Marcelo B. P. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Strong spontaneous inspiratory efforts can be difficult to control and prohibit protective mechanical ventilation. Instead of using deep sedation and neuromuscular blockade, the authors hypothesized that perineural administration of lidocaine around the phrenic nerve would reduce tidal volume (VT) and peak transpulmonary pressure in spontaneously breathing patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Methods
An established animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome with six female pigs was used in a proof-of-concept study. The authors then evaluated this technique in nine mechanically ventilated patients under pressure support exhibiting driving pressure greater than 15 cm H2O or VT greater than 10 ml/kg of predicted body weight. Esophageal and transpulmonary pressures, electrical activity of the diaphragm, and electrical impedance tomography were measured in pigs and patients. Ultrasound imaging and a nerve stimulator were used to identify the phrenic nerve, and perineural lidocaine was administered sequentially around the left and right phrenic nerves.

Results
Results are presented as median [interquartile range, 25th to 75th percentiles]. In pigs, VT decreased from 7.4 ml/kg [7.2 to 8.4] to 5.9 ml/kg [5.5 to 6.6] (P < 0.001), as did peak transpulmonary pressure (25.8 cm H2O [20.2 to 27.2] to 17.7 cm H2O [13.8 to 18.8]; P < 0.001) and driving pressure (28.7 cm H2O [20.4 to 30.8] to 19.4 cm H2O [15.2 to 22.9]; P < 0.001). Ventilation in the most dependent part decreased from 29.3% [26.4 to 29.5] to 20.1% [15.3 to 20.8] (P < 0.001). In patients, VT decreased (8.2 ml/ kg [7.9 to 11.1] to 6.0 ml/ kg [5.7 to 6.7]; P < 0.001), as did driving pressure (24.7 cm H2O [20.4 to 34.5] to 18.4 cm H2O [16.8 to 20.7]; P < 0.001). Esophageal pressure, peak transpulmonary pressure, and electrical activity of the diaphragm also decreased. Dependent ventilation only slightly decreased from 11.5% [8.5 to 12.6] to 7.9% [5.3 to 8.6] (P = 0.005). Respiratory rate did not vary. Variables recovered 1 to 12.7 h [6.7 to 13.7] after phrenic nerve block.

Conclusions
Phrenic nerve block is feasible, lasts around 12 h, and reduces VT and driving pressure without changing respiratory rate in patients under assisted ventilation.

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Comparison of the Healing Outcomes of Conservative Treatment for Stable Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Lateral Femoral Condyle With Normal Lateral Meniscus and Incomplete Discoid Lateral Meniscus
Authors: Takigami Junsei , Hashimoto Yusuke , Tomihara Tomohiro , Taniuchi Masatoshi , Katsuda Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Background:
This study aimed to compare the healing outcomes of conservative treatment for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the lateral femoral condyle with normal lateral meniscus and incomplete discoid lateral meniscus (DLM).

Methods:
Forty-four knees in 37 juvenile patients (mean age 9.9 y) with stable OCD and whose lateral meniscus shape was normal or incomplete DLM were enrolled. All patients underwent conservative treatment with physical activities prohibited. For each lateral meniscus group, patient demographics including pretreatment Tegner activity scale, OCD stage, and Lysholm score, radiographic healing status; complete or incomplete healing at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, time to complete healing and post-treatment clinical scores were evaluated.

Results:
There were 21 (47.8%) and 23 (52.3%) knees with normal menisci and incomplete DLM, respectively. At 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after conservative treatment, healed OCD status was noted in 3 (14.3%), 12 (57.1%), and 19 (90.5%) knees of the normal type and in 3 (13.0%), 12 (52.2%), and 20 (86.9%) knees of the incomplete DLM type, respectively (P>0.05). The mean time to healing in each group was 198 and 181 days, respectively. No significant differences in terms of OCD healing rate at each time, time to healing, and post-treatment clinical scores were found between the groups.

Conclusion:
No significant differences in the OCD healing rate or time to healing were found between the normal and incomplete DLM type. Therefore, treatment strategy for OCD with stable and asymptomatic incomplete DLM should be the same as that for those occurring with a normal meniscus.