bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived contrast on displays with different luminance ranges
Authors: Sund Patrik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeMedical displays are fundamental in today's healthcare since they provide the link between digitally stored data and the human clinician, and it is thus important that the transfer of information is as effective and reliable as possible. Contrast perception in viewed images is complex due to the nature of the human visual system, and the luminance distribution in the viewed scene plays a major role. Standards and guidelines concerning medical displays are important as they set a baseline image quality. However, as the number of imaging applications as well as display technology has evolved rapidly during the past decades, there may be possible uses not foreseen in the current guidelines. Bright screens may perform as good in bright rooms as less bright displays do in dark rooms, but current guidelines are likely to favor dark rooms due to historical reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the limits of contrast perception in three very different lighting conditions and relate the outcome to guideline recommendations.MethodsThree different display luminance settings were studied, 1–250, 6–500, and 12–750 cd/m2 with luminance ratios of 250, 85, and 62, respectively. Although the luminance ratios, black levels, and white levels were different, they all covered the same number of just noticeable differences (JNDs). By using a two‐alternative forced‐choice method, contrast thresholds were determined at dark, mid‐gray, and bright pixel values for all luminance settings using bar patterns with two different spatial frequencies. In total, 18 contrast thresholds were determined by each of the 10 observers.ResultsThe contrast thresholds for the low‐frequency patterns were close to 0.5 JNDs and there were no systematic differences between the three luminance conditions at any of the pixel values. The high‐frequency patterns required almost 10 times higher contrast where the highest contrast threshold (worst visibility) was obtained for the luminance setting 1–250 cd/m2 at the dark pixel value.ConclusionsThe differences between the three luminance conditions were mostly minor, which indicate that display settings with low luminance ratios and high minimum luminance levels can be used without compromising displayed image contrast. The number of JNDs enclosed by the luminance range of a display is a reliable metric for global perceived contrast. Luminance ratios are limited regarding the ability to detect low contrast objects when there are large differences in luminance, although they can still be used within a relatively small range of luminance levels. Low luminance levels may cause a loss of visibility, especially for fine details, and should be avoided.
The scope of “marketing” research in the nonprofit sector: Lessons from the last 20 years literature
Authors: Jung Jihye , Kim Minjung , Suh Jiwon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the last several decades, the field of nonprofit marketing has produced a growing number of publications; however, little attention has been paid to examine what research topics have been studied by nonprofit scholars from the marketing perspectives. This knowledge production research contributes to the literature by reviewing trends in research themes and methodologies over the last 20 years among the articles for which authors use the terminology “marketing.” Employing a thematic review using text network analysis, and an in‐depth methodology review, this study finds that nonprofit marketing studies have been shifting to become more subdivided and diversified in terms of research themes and methodologies. However, we also find that there is still room for further development, which we provided recommendations based on the findings. With its findings, this paper provides critical guidance for future studies.
Management considerations of Hodgkin lymphoma for patients with Fontan physiology
Authors: Perry Milligan Michelle C. , Kersun Leslie S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile treatment protocols for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are well established, there is no literature available to guide therapy or estimate prognosis for patients with Fontan physiology who develop HL. The physiology of a Fontan procedure can result in the inability to tolerate chemotherapy toxicities, supportive care, and infection. We present a series of three patients with Fontan physiology who were treated for HL and discuss their clinical course and treatment.
Standardizing the surgical management of benign ovarian tumors in children and adolescents: A best practice Delphi consensus statement
Authors: Braungart Sarah , Williams Cara , Arul Suren G. , Bambang Katerina , Craigie Ross James , Cross Kate Mary , Dick Alistair , Hammond Philip , Okoye Bruce , Rogers Timothy , Losty Paul Damian , Glaser Adam , Powis Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimNo widely agreed consensus protocols exist for the management of benign ovarian tumors (BOT) in children. This presents a substantial risk for suboptimal management. We aimed to generate multispecialty consensus guidance to standardize surgical management and provide a clear follow‐up protocol for children with BOTs.MethodsProspective two‐round confidential e‐Delphi consensus survey distributed among multispecialty expert panel; concluded by two semistructured videoconferences.Main resultsConsensus was generated on these core outcome sets: preoperative/intraoperative management; follow‐up; adolescent gynecology referral. (1) Children with BOTs should receive the same management as other patients with potentially neoplastic lesions: Preoperative discussion at a pediatric oncology multidisciplinary meeting to risk stratify tumors, and management by health professionals with expertise in ovarian‐sparing surgery and laparoscopy. (2) Ovarian‐sparing surgery for BOTs should be performed wherever possible to maximize fertility preservation. (3) Ovarian masses detected during emergency laparoscopy/laparotomy should be left in situ wherever feasible and investigated appropriately (imaging/tumor markers) before resection. (4) Follow‐up should be undertaken for all patients after BOT resection. Patients should be offered referral to adolescent gynecology to discuss fertility implications.ConclusionThis best practice Delphi consensus statement emphasizes the importance of managing children with BOTs through a well‐defined oncological MDT strategy, in order to optimize risk stratification and allow fertility preservation by ovarian‐sparing surgery wherever possible.
Constructing three‐dimensional boron nitride network for highly thermally conductive epoxy resin composites
Authors: Wu Xian , Liu Wei , Shi Fa‐guo , Yang Le , Zhang Chun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConstruction of heat conduction channels in polymer matrix plays a key role in thermally conductive composite. In this work, three‐dimensional (3D) boron nitride (BN) framework was successfully fabricated by decomposing the sacrificial material. The resultant 3D‐BN framework with honeycomb‐like structure was further infiltrated with liquid epoxy resin. With the aid of thermally conductive pathways formed by the 3D‐BN framework, the maximum thermal conductivity of EP/3D‐BN composites reaches 3.53 W/m·K with 55.85 vol% BN, which is 17.6 times larger than that of pure EP. The EP/3D‐BN composites demonstrate strong capability to dissipate the heat during heating and cooling processes. This work provides a facile method for developing thermal conductive composites applied in thermal management for electronics.
Design, synthesis, and properties of polystyrene‐based through‐space charge transfer polymers: Effect of triplet energy level of electron donor moiety on delayed fluorescence and electroluminescence performance
Authors: Hu Jun , Chang Yufei , Chen Fan , Yang Qingqing , Shao Shiyang , Wang Lixiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo kinds of polystyrene‐based through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) polymers consisting of spatially‐separated acridan donor moieties bearing phenyl or naphthyl substituents and triazine acceptor moieties are designed and synthesized. It is found that TSCT polymers containing phenyl‐substituted acridan donors exhibit high‐lying singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) states with small singlet‐triplet energy splitting (∆EST) of 0.04–0.05 eV, resulting in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with reverse intersystem crossing rate constants of 1.1–1.2 × 106 s−1. In contrast, polymers bearing naphthyl‐substituted acridan donors, although still having TSCT emission, exhibit no TADF effect because of the large ∆EST of 0.30–0.33 eV induced by low‐lying locally excited T1 state of naphthyl donor moiety. Solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes using TSCT polymers containing phenyl‐substituted acridan donors reveal sky‐blue emission at 483 nm together with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.3%, which is about 30 times that of naphthyl‐substituted counterpart with maximum EQE of 0.38%, shedding light on the importance of high triplet energy level of donor moiety on realizing TADF effect and high device efficiency for through‐space charge transfer polymer.
Systematic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of high‐dose seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory‐confirmed influenza in individuals ≥18 years of age
Authors: Comber Laura , O Murchu Eamon , Jordan Karen , Hawkshaw Sarah , Marshall Liam , O'Neill Michelle , Teljeur Conor , Ryan Máirín , Carnahan AnnaSara , Pérez Martín Jaime Jesús , Robertson Anna Hayman , Johansen Kari , de Jonge Jorgen , Krause Tyra , Nicolay Nathalie , Nohynek Hanna , Pavlopoulou Ioanna , Pebody Richard , Penttinen Pasi , Soler‐Soneira Marta , Wichmann Ole , Harrington Patricia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis review sought to assess the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of high‐dose inactivated influenza vaccines (HD‐IIV) for the prevention of laboratory‐confirmed influenza in individuals aged 18 years or older. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources up to 7 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were included. The search returned 28,846 records, of which 36 studies were included. HD‐IIV was shown to have higher relative vaccine efficacy in preventing influenza compared with standard‐dose influenza vaccines (SD‐IIV3) in older adults (Vaccine effectiveness (VE) = 24%, 95% CI 10–37, one RCT). One NRSI demonstrated significant effect for HD‐IIV3 against influenza B (VE = 89%, 95% CI 47–100), but not for influenza A(H3N2) (VE = 22%, 95% CI −82 to 66) when compared with no vaccination in older adults. HD‐IIV3 showed significant relative effect compared with SD‐IIV3 for influenza‐related hospitalisation (VE = 11.8%, 95% CI 6.4–17.0, two NRSIs), influenza‐ or pneumonia‐related hospitalisation (VE = 13.7%, 95% CI 9.5–17.7, three NRSIs), influenza‐related hospital encounters (VE = 13.1%, 95% CI 8.4–17.7, five NRSIs), and influenza‐related office visits (VE = 3.5%, 95% CI 1.5–5.5, two NRSIs). For safety, HD‐IIV were associated with significantly higher rates of local and systemic adverse events compared with SD‐IIV (combined local reactions, pain at injection site, swelling, induration, headache, chills and malaise). From limited data, compared with SD‐IIV, HD‐IIV were found to be more effective in the prevention of laboratory‐confirmed influenza, for a range of proxy outcome measures, and associated with more adverse events.
Emerging Bioelectronic Strategies for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering and Implantation
Authors: Cox‐Pridmore Dannielle M. , Castro Fernando A. , Silva S. Ravi P. , Camelliti Patrizia , Zhao Yunlong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeart diseases are currently the leading cause of death worldwide. The ability to create cardiovascular tissue has numerous applications in understanding tissue development, disease progression, pharmacological testing, bio‐actuators, and transplantation; yet current cardiovascular tissue engineering (CTE) methods are limited. However, there have been emerging developments in the bioelectronics field, with the creation of biomimetic devices that can intimately interact with cardiac cells, provide monitoring capabilities, and regulate tissue formation. Combining bioelectronics with cardiac tissue engineering can overcome current limitations and produce physiologically relevant tissue that can be used in various areas of cardiovascular research and medicine. This review highlights the recent advances in cardiovascular‐based bioelectronics. First, cardiac tissue engineering and the potential of bioelectronic therapies for cardiovascular diseases are discussed. Second, advantageous bioelectronic materials for CTE and implantation and their properties are reviewed. Third, several representative cardiovascular tissue‐bioelectronic interface models and the beneficial functions that bioelectronics can demonstrate in in vitro and in vivo applications are explored. Finally, the prospects and remaining challenges for clinical application are discussed.
Electrogenic Bacteria Promise New Opportunities for Powering, Sensing, and Synthesizing
Authors: Choi Seokheun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConsiderable research efforts into the promises of electrogenic bacteria and the commercial opportunities they present are attempting to identify potential feasible applications. Metabolic electrons from the bacteria enable electricity generation sufficient to power portable or small‐scale applications, while the quantifiable electric signal in a miniaturized device platform can be sensitive enough to monitor and respond to changes in environmental conditions. Nanomaterials produced by the electrogenic bacteria can offer an innovative bottom‐up biosynthetic approach to synergize bacterial electron transfer and create an effective coupling at the cell–electrode interface. Furthermore, electrogenic bacteria can revolutionize the field of bioelectronics by effectively interfacing electronics with microbes through extracellular electron transfer. Here, these new directions for the electrogenic bacteria and their recent integration with micro‐ and nanosystems are comprehensively discussed with specific attention toward distinct applications in the field of powering, sensing, and synthesizing. Furthermore, challenges of individual applications and strategies toward potential solutions are provided to offer valuable guidelines for practical implementation. Finally, the perspective and view on how the use of electrogenic bacteria can hold immeasurable promise for the development of future electronics and their applications are presented.
Toward a New Generation of Fire‐Safe Energy Storage Devices: Recent Progress on Fire‐Retardant Materials and Strategies for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Yusuf Abdulmalik , Li Zhi , Yuan Xiaoya , Wang De‐Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the last few decades, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of advanced materials for energy storage devices. These achievements have largely enabled the adoption and transition to key technologies such as mobile phones, electric vehicles, and internet of things. However, the recent surge in fire accidents and explosions emanating from energy storage devices have been closely associated with the highly flammable components that make up these devices which have often led to the loss of life and property. Therefore, replacing flammable materials with fire retardant materials has been recognized as the critical solution to the ever‐growing fire problem in these devices. This review summarizes the progress achieved so far in the field of fire retardant materials for energy storage devices. Finally, a perspective on the current state of the art is provided, and a future outlook for these fire‐retardant materials, strategies, and new characterization methods is discussed.
An efficient Hadoop‐based brain tumor detection framework using big data analytic
Authors: Kaur Chahal Prabhjot , Pandey Shreelekha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe exponential increase of brain MR image data in the medical imaging field requires faster and accurate segmentation of tumor. The computer aided detection systems acting as a second option to experts, radiologists, and surgeons needs to be swift enough to handle parallelism. However, handling of massive MR data for segmentation with high accuracy and low processing time is significant concern of any framework. In this article, distributed platforms for brain tumor segmentation using hybrid weighted fuzzy approach integrated with Matlab Distributed Computing Server and Hadoop has been proposed. The approach is based on the fuzzification of the pixel values to achieve more meaningful clusters by grouping of large data into similar clusters. The article focuses on analyzing the performance of varying sized data sets using hybrid fuzzy clustering in MapReduce on Hadoop to deal with huge MR brain data cross clusters of commodity computers. For experimentation varying size of DICOM data set is processed through different number of clusters to compare the read, write, and processing time on each node. The read and write operation time elevates as the data size increasing is floated to multinode. However, the processing time of the proposed approach turns to be 35 min on single, whereas 3‐node clusters process the same data set (215 MB) in 3.4 min. Furthermore, increasing the data set to 7.3 GB the 3‐node cluster performs in 235.4 min which is greatly reduced from single node processing time of 2085.2 min.
Integrating three-loop modular graph functions and transcendentality of string amplitudes
Authors: D’Hoker Eric , Geiser Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModular graph functions (MGFs) are SL(2,ℤ)-invariant functions on the Poincaré upper half-plane associated with Feynman graphs of a conformal scalar field on a torus. The low-energy expansion of genus-one superstring amplitudes involves suitably regularized integrals of MGFs over the fundamental domain for SL(2,ℤ). In earlier work, these integrals were evaluated for all MGFs up to two loops and for higher loops up to weight six. These results led to the conjectured uniform transcendentality of the genus-one four-graviton amplitude in Type II superstring theory. In this paper, we explicitly evaluate the integrals of several infinite families of three-loop MGFs and investigate their transcendental structure. Up to weight seven, the structure of the integral of each individual MGF is consistent with the uniform transcendentality of string amplitudes. Starting at weight eight, the transcendental weights obtained for the integrals of individual MGFs are no longer consistent with the uniform transcendentality of string amplitudes. However, in all the cases we examine, the violations of uniform transcendentality take on a special form given by the integrals of triple products of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series. If Type II superstring amplitudes do exhibit uniform transcendentality, then the special combinations of MGFs which enter the amplitudes must be such that these integrals of triple products of Eisenstein series precisely cancel one another. Whether this indeed is the case poses a novel challenge to the conjectured uniform transcendentality of genus-one string amplitudes.
Emerging jets displaced into the future
Authors: Archer-Smith Paul , Linthorne Dylan , Stolarski Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We examine the potential of future long-lived particle experiments to probe dark QCD models that feature Emerging Jets. The core of this analysis focuses on the transverse detectors AL3X, ANUBIS, CODEX-b, and MATHUSLA as they cover the most relevant parameter space, though the highly forward experiments MAPP, FORMOSA, and FASER are also explored. Geometric coverage of the detectors is calculated and used to determine the number of signal events and kinematic distribution measured for a collection of different benchmark models. This is used to map out the discovery potential of the Emerging Jets parameter space. Although all experiments demonstrate some reach, AL3X, ANUBIS, and MATHUSLA stand out as the most promising for exploring the dark QCD Emerging Jets parameter space.
Spinning solutions for the bosonic M2-brane with C± fluxes
Authors: Alvarez P. D. , Garcia P. , Garcia del Moral M. P. , Peña J. M. , Prado R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work we obtain classical solutions of the bosonic sector of the supermembrane theory with two-form fluxes associated to a quantized constant C± background. This theory satisfies a flux condition on the worldvolume that induces monopoles over it. Classically it is stable as it does not contain string-like spikes with zero energy in distinction with the general case. At quantum level the bosonic membrane has a purely discrete spectrum but the relevance is that the same property holds for its supersymmetric spectrum. We find for this theory spinning membrane solutions, some of them including the presence of a non-vanishing symplectic gauge connection defined on its worldvolume in different approximations. By using the duality found between this theory and the so-called supermembrane with central charges, rotating membrane solutions found in that case, are also solutions of the M2-brane with C± fluxes. We generalize this result to other embeddings. We find new distinctive rotating membrane solutions, some of them including the presence of a non-vanishing symplectic gauge connection defined on its worldvolume. We obtain numerical and analytical solutions in different approximations characterizing the dynamics of the membrane with fluxes C± for different ansätze of the dynamical degrees of freedom. Finally we discuss the physical admissibility of some of these ansätze to model the components of the symplectic gauge field.
Off-shell Higgs production at the LHC as a probe of the trilinear Higgs coupling
Authors: Haisch Ulrich , Koole Gabriël 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the context of the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) we examine the constraints on the trilinear Higgs coupling that originate from off-shell Higgs production in proton-proton collisions. Our calculation of the gg → h* → ZZ → 4ℓ process includes two-loop corrections to gluon-gluon-fusion Higgs production and one-loop corrections to the Higgs propagator and its decay. Employing a matrix-element based kinematic discriminant we determine the reach of LHC Run 3 and the high-luminosity option of the LHC in constraining the relevant SMEFT Wilson coefficients. We present constraints that are not only competitive with but also complementary to the projected indirect limits that one expects to obtain from inclusive measurements of single-Higgs production processes at future LHC runs.