bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic optimization and dynamic control of pressure‐swing distillation for separating the ternary azeotrope of butanone/n‐heptane/isopropanol
Authors: Ma Cuncheng , Sun Defeng , Zhang Fangkun , Xu Qilei , Zhu Zhaoyou , Wang Yinglong , Shan Baoming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEconomic optimization and dynamic control of the separation process for recovering the ternary mixture of butanone (MEK)/n‐heptane/isopropanol (IPA) from industrial wastewater is a significant topic. In this work, the optimal pressure‐swing distillation (PSD) sequence, heat integration and dynamic control for separating MEK/n‐heptane/IPA were investigated systematically. The optimal separation sequence was determined by combining the minimum total annual cost (TAC) with the residual curves map (RCM). Pressure‐swing distillation with non‐heat integration, partial heat integration or full heat integration was compared in terms of TAC. Dynamic control schemes were designed for optimal processes of two separation sequences with and without heat integration.RESULTSThe results demonstrate that the TAC of optimal PSD with non‐heat integration process can be reduced by 31.11%, whereas the TAC of optimal partial heat integration and full heat integration schemes can be reduced by 39.73% and 40.96%, respectively. The dynamic performance of all control schemes that can resist ±20% feed flow disturbances and composition disturbances are compared with the integral of squared error.CONCLUSIONIt is demonstrated that PSD with full integration process (FHIPSD) for separating MEK/n‐heptane/IPA has optimal economic performance, whereas PSD with non‐heat integration process (NTIPSD) has the optimal dynamic performance and robust stability. This work provides a significant reference for industrial separation of MEK/n‐heptane/IPA. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the impact of childhood adversities on the mental health of LGBT+ youth
Authors: Jonas Lucy , Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Shum Mamie , Nosarti Chiara , Abbott Chris , Vaquerizo‐Serrano Julio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of trauma as a backdrop to the lives of LGBT+ youth has been recognised in recent literature. LGBT+ youth report a higher frequency, severity and pervasiveness of adverse childhood experiences when compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. This exposure has been directly related to an increased risk of mental health problems.MethodA systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science was conducted from the date of their inception until the 1st September 2021. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021240472).ResultsA total of 27 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were used in the systematic review, representing 199,285 participants, 26,505 of whom identified as LGBT+ (mean age 16.54). Female participants (ranging from 11% to 74%) and white participants (7.7%–96%) made up the largest percentage of most samples. Depressive symptoms were the most commonly described psychiatric outcome (n = 17, 63%), followed by anxiety symptoms (n = 6, 31.5%). 18 studies provided meta‐analysable data, compromising 21,781 LGBT+ young people. LGBT+ youth reported a higher prevalence of adverse experiences in comparison to their heterosexual or cisgender counterparts (p < .001), with sexual abuse representing the most commonly reported experience (29.7%), followed by verbal abuse (28.7%), physical abuse (26.5%) and cyberbullying (19.1%). LGBT+ youth were also at a heightened risk of mental health disorders (p < .001), with 36.9% and 31.5% of sample meeting the clinical criteria for depression and anxiety, respectively.ConclusionsContinued advocacy is needed from communities and Allies to support and empower LGBT+ youth in the face of adversity. Longitudinal and longer‐term studies are required to further understand the relationship between adverse experiences in LGBT+ youth and the impact on mental health.
Effect of irrigation protocols on chemical smear layer formation over the post‐space dentin
Authors: Gelio Mariana Bena , Ramos Anna Thereza Peroba Rezende , Zaniboni Joissi Ferrari , Escalante‐Otárola Wilfredo Gustavo , Besegato João Felipe , Kuga Milton Carlos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of irrigation protocols using 95% ethanol (ET) or 1% peracetic acid (PA) prior the use of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) compared to distilled water (DW) on the chemical smear layer (CSL) formation and incidence of open dentin tubules at the apical, medium, and cervical third of the post‐space dentin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) images were used. Forty bovine roots were endodontically treated. After, post‐space preparation was performed and the roots were randomized in four groups (n = 10) according to the irrigation protocol: DW, CHX, CHX‐ET and CHX‐PA. The chemical composition of CSL and the incidence of open dentin tubules at the post‐space thirds were evaluated by EDS (500× magnification) and SEM (2000× magnification) images, respectively. Data from chemical composition of CSL were descriptively analyzed, while the incidence of open dentin tubules was evaluated by scores and submitted to Kruskal‐Wallis and Dunn test (p = .05). Cl, Bi, and Si were the chemical elements most found over the dentin after the irrigation with CHX and CHX‐ET. Moreover, CHX and CHX‐ET showed the highest incidence of CSL (p < .05), but without difference between them (p > .05), regardless of the post‐space third. DW and CHX‐PA showed similar incidence of CSL (p > .05). No difference on the incidence of open dentin tubules was found for any irrigation protocol and post‐space third (p > .05). The use of 1% PA prior the post‐space irrigation with CHX decrease the incidence of CSL.Research Highlights
The post‐space irrigation with chlorhexidine results in the formation of chemical smear layer.
Ethanol is not capable to remove the chemical smear layer.
Peracetic acid is more effective to remove the chemical smear layer.
Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in different human biofluids using the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay: A prospective diagnostic study in Fortaleza, Brazil
Authors: Clementino Marco , Cavalcante Karene F. , Viana Vania A. F. , Silva Dayara de Oliveira , Damasceno Caroline R. , Fernandes de Souza Jessica , Gondim Rafhaella N. D. G. , Jorge Daniel M. de Melo , Magalhães Lyvia M. V. C. , Arruda Érico A. G. de , Neto Roberto da J. P. , Medeiros Melissa S. , Santos Armênio A. dos , Magalhães Pedro J. C. , Mello Liana P. , Arruda Eurico , Lima Aldo Â. M. , Havt Alexandre 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe adopted the reverse‐transcriptase‐loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov‐2) in patient samples. Two primer sets for genes N and Orf1ab were designed to detect SARS‐CoV‐2, and one primer set was designed to detect the human gene Actin. We collected prospective 138 nasopharyngeal swabs, 70 oropharyngeal swabs, 69 salivae, and 68 mouth saline wash samples from patients suspected to have severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 to test the RT‐LAMP in comparison with the gold standard technique reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The accuracy of diagnosis using both primers, N5 and Orf9, was evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87–99) and 85% (95% CI: 76–91) in 138 samples, respectively. Accurate diagnosis results were obtained only in nasopharyngeal swabs processed via extraction kit. Accurate and rapid diagnosis could aid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic management by identifying, isolating, and treating patients rapidly.
Tendon microstructural disruption promotes tendon‐derived stem cells to express chondrogenic genes by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Liu Chang , Li Tian‐Yu , Chen Yong , Yang Huan‐Huan , Sun Yu‐Long 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe erroneous differentiation of tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts is believed to play an important role in the development of tendinopathy. However, the regulatory mechanisms of TDSC differentiation remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution and mechanism of the tendon microstructural disruption to the differentiation of TDSCs. Bovine Achilles tendons were sliced. The tendon slices were stretched with different tensile strains to mimic the tendon structure alteration at various scales. The TDSCs were cultured on the tendon slices. The differentiation of TDSCs and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the TDSCs were investigated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining and western blot. The effect of ER stress inhibition on chondrogenic differentiation of the TDSCs was further investigated. The structural alteration did not affect the viability of TDSCs. However, the structural alteration of tendon slices with 6.4% strain promoted TDSCs to express the chondrogenic genes. ER stress‐related markers, ATF‐4 and PERK, were also upregulated. With the inhibition of ER stress, the expression of ATF‐4 and the chondrogenic gene SOX9 of TDSCs were inhibited. The study indicated that tendon microdamage could induce the chondrogenic differentiation of TDSCs through triggering ER stress to activate ATF‐4 and SOX9 subsequently.
Investigation of temperature effect on pressure measurement using Raman peak shift by variable temperature and pressure Raman experiment
Authors: Yu Guoyang , Zeng Yangyang , Wu Honglin , Song Yunfei , Zheng Xianxu , Tan Duowang , Wu Qiang , Yang Yanqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe variable temperature and pressure Raman experiments of triamino trinitrobenzene (TATB) have been performed to investigate the temperature effect on the pressure measurement using the Raman peak shift. The experimental results indicate that the temperature has an approximately linear relationship with the Raman peak shift but no significative effect on the pressure dependence of the Raman peak shift. And then, the results of TATB under laser‐driven shock wave are chosen to illustrate the temperature effect in the shock pressure measurement. The absolute differences of the pressure values ignoring and considering the temperature are relatively large in the period of the shock loading, but the percent changes of these two values are relatively large in the period of the shock unloading. Thus, in the pressure measurement using Raman peak shifts, the temperature effect on the Raman peak shift needs to be considered, especially for the case of the shock unloading.
Systematic analysis of the causes of NIPS sex chromosome aneuploidy false‐positive results
Authors: Lyu Zhaoru , Huang Chunhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the underlying causes of false positives in NIPT of fetal sex chromosomal aneuploidies using fetal cell‐free DNA from maternal plasma.MethodsIn the present study, we focus on a cohort of 23,984 pregnancy cases with NIPT. Karyotyping and FISH analysis were employed to verify the NIPT detected false‐positive results of fetal sex chromosomal aneuploidies, and a comparative CNV sequencing on positive and negative NIPT cases was uniquely performed to elucidate the underlying causes.ResultsA total of 166 cases (0.69%) were identified as fetal sex chromosomal abnormalities, while 84 cases were found to be false‐positive results possibly associated with maternal X chromosomal aneuploidies (n = 8), maternal X chromosomal structural abnormalities (n = 1), maternal CNVs (n = 4) as well as known placental mosaicism (n = 1). Furthermore, our study showed that the maternal chromosome CNV between 1–1.6 Mb was associated with false‐positive NIPT results in sex chromosomal abnormalities.ConclusionOur research demonstrated the spectrum of factors causing false positives in NIPT of fetal sex chromosomal abnormalities based on a large cohort. The effective maternal CNV size cut‐off identified in our study could integrate into bioinformatics algorithms for reducing the false‐positive rate, however, further investigation is necessary to confirm this.
Monte Carlo optimization and experimental validation of a prototype ionization chamber for accurate magnetic resonance image guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) daily output constancy measurements in solid phantoms
Authors: Muir Bryan R. , Nusrat Humza , Sarfehnia Arman , Renaud James 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo optimize the design, develop and test a prototype ionization chamber for accurate daily output constancy measurements in solid phantoms in clinical magnetic resonance‐guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) radiotherapy beams. Up to 4% variations in response using commercial ionization chambers have been previously reported; the prototype ionization chamber developed here aims to minimize these variations.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations with the EGSnrc code system are used to optimize an ionization chamber design by increasing the thickness of a brass (high‐density, nonferromagnetic, easy‐to‐machine) wall until results consistent with no air gap are produced for simulations with a 1.5 T and 0.35 T magnetic field, with a 0.2 mm air gap and varying the placement of the chamber model within the air gap. Based on the results of these simulations, prototype ionization chambers are manufactured and tested in conventional linac beams and in a 7 MV Elekta Unity MR‐linac. The chambers are rotated about their axes, both parallel and perpendicular to the 1.5 T magnetic field, through 360º in a plastic phantom with measurements made at each cardinal angle. This reveals any variation in chamber response by varying the thickness of the air gap between the chamber and the phantom.ResultsMonte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the optimal thickness of the chamber wall to mitigate the effect of an asymmetric air gap between the chamber and the plastic phantom is 1.1 mm of brass. With this thickness, the differences between simulations with and without an air gap and with asymmetric placement of the chamber within the air gap are less than 0.2%. A prototype chamber constructed with a 1.1 mm brass wall thickness exhibits less than 0.3% variation in response when rotated about its axis in the plastic phantom in a beam from an MR‐linac, independent of whether its axis is parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field.ConclusionThe optimized ionization chamber design and validated prototype for accurate MR‐linac daily output constancy measurements allows utilization of conventional phantoms and procedures in MRgRT systems. This can minimize disruption to clinical workflow for MR‐linac quality assurance measurements.
Study on the axial impact of Al‐CFRP thin‐walled tubes with induced design
Authors: Zha Yi‐bin , Wang Shun , Ma Qi‐hua , Zhang Hui , Xue‐hui  , Zhou Tian‐jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal‐composite hybrid thin‐walled tube has been widely studied due to its excellent lightweight characteristics and crashworthiness. In particular, there are few reports on the research and design of induced metal‐composite thin‐walled tubes under axial impact. Therefore, the crashworthiness of different induced Al‐CFRP tubes was studied in this article by combining experimental and numerical simulation subjected to axial impact. The experimental results showed that the reasonable induced design is helpful to improve the crashworthiness of Al‐CFRP hybrid tubes. Based upon the experimental tests and numerical modeling, the crashworthiness of the induced Al/CFRP tube was explored. Thereafter, the influence of structural parameters (CFRP fiber winding Angle, ratio of aluminum tube thickness to CFRP tube thickness) on the crashworthiness of induced Al‐CFRP tube was investigated numerally, and the structural parameters were optimized by multi‐objective design to obtain the optimal structural design parameters. And then the parametric study was carried out for exploring the effects of the hole diameter and hole number on the crushing behaviors of Al‐CFRP hybrid tubes. Finally, a new multi‐row induced structure was proposed. All multi‐row induced configurations were evaluated by Complex Proportional Assessment Method (COPRAS), and the best induced configuration (C20 tube) was determined. Compared with the single‐row induced structure with the best crashworthiness, the SEA, Fmean, and CFE of the C20 tube increased by 4.41%, 5.24%, and 10.94%, respectively, and the Fmax of the C20 tube decreased by 6.59%.
Tailoring compatibilization potential of maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene by sequential rheochemical processing of polypropylene and polyamide 66 blends
Authors: Seo Jiho , Kearney Logan T. , Datta Siddhant , Toomey Michael D. , Keum Jong K. , Naskar Amit K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReactive compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends using a preferred compatibilizer leaves the following question: How much loading of a compatibilizer is good enough and what maximum properties can be achieved? A good understanding of the process can help solve the reutilization of mixed waste plastics. Here, the reactive compatibilization of polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH) on polypropylene/polyamide 66 (PP/PA66) blends is quantitatively assessed using thermorheological, microoptical, spectroscopic, and x‐ray scattering‐based characterization tools. The overall compositions of all PP(60%)/PA66(30%)/PP‐g‐MAH(10%) blends are kept constant while systematically controlling the degree of the chemical reaction by varying the sequential addition of PP‐g‐MAH to the melt mixture. The first feeding of PP‐g‐MAH () is conducted at 280°C and the second feeding of ()% is at 200°C. During the first step, a larger amount of chemical activity is observed up to 4%–6% addition of PP‐g‐MAH. The constant chemical composition allows a systematic comparison of the compatibilizer‐dependent thermal, rheological, morphological, and mechanical properties. With an increased degree of interfacial reaction, the size of dispersed PA66 domains decreases to register improved interfacial adhesion with the PP matrix, yielding enhanced Young's modulus and absolute failure strength of the isotropic matrix.
Trilobatin promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury via SIRT7/VEGFA signaling pathway in rats
Authors: Huang Fengying , Luo Lingyu , Wu Yujia , Xia Dianya , Xu Fan , Gao Jianmei , Shi Jingshan , Gong Qihai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAngiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the recovery of neurological function after ischemia stroke. Herein, we investigated the effect of trilobatin (TLB) on angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI). The effect of TLB on angiogenesis after CIRI were investigated in mouse brain microvascular endothelium bEnd.3 cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‐induced CIRI rat model. The cell proliferation and angiogenesis were observed using immunofluorescence staining. The cell cycle, expressions of cell cycle‐related proteins and SIRT 1–7 were determined by flow cytometry and western blot, respectively. The binding affinity of TLB with SIRT7 was predicted by molecular docking. The results showed that TLB concentration‐dependently promoted bEnd.3 cell proportion in the S‐phase. TLB significantly increased the protein expressions of SIRT6, SIRT7, and VEGFA, but not affected SIRT1‐SIRT5 protein expressions. Moreover, TLB not only dramatically alleviated neurological impairment after CIRI, but also enhanced post‐stroke neovascularization and newly formed functional vessels in cerebral ischemic penumbra. Furthermore, TLB up‐regulated the protein expressions of CDK4, cyclin D1, VEGFA and its receptor VEGFR‐2. Intriguingly, TLB not only directly bound to SIRT7, but also increased SIRT7 expression at day 28. Our findings reveal that TLB promotes cerebral microvascular endothelial cells proliferation, and facilitates angiogenesis after CIRI via mediating SIRT7/VEGFA signaling pathway in rats. Therefore, TLB might be a novel restorative agent to rescue ischemia stroke.
Supporting Emergent Bilinguals' Reading in the Content Areas
Authors: Capitelli Sarah , Alvarez Laura , Valdés Guadalupe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSituated in sociocultural theories of language and literacy, the authors describe an approach to teaching nonfiction text to emergent bilinguals (EBs) through the strategic use of a reading protocol. The protocol focuses on where reading text is positioned in a learning sequence and how students engage with these texts. Classroom transcripts are used to illustrate how the approach supports EBs to engage productively with nonfiction texts. The authors suggest three key considerations for supporting EBs' productive reading of nonfiction texts. These considerations highlight the equity issues inherent in providing and scaffolding access to these texts for this group of students.
Does reconstruction affect outcomes following exclusively endoscopic endonasal resection of benign orbital tumors: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Lehmann Ashton E. , von Sneidern Manuela , Shen Sarek A. , Humphreys Ian M. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Jafari Aria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveAs exclusively endoscopic endonasal resection of benign orbital tumors has become more widespread, high‐quality outcomes data are lacking regarding the decision of when and how to reconstruct the medial orbital wall following resection. The goal of this study was to systematically review pertinent literature to assess clinical outcomes relative to orbital reconstruction practices.MethodsData Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science. A systematic review of studies reporting exclusively endoscopic endonasal resections of benign orbital tumors was conducted. Articles not reporting orbital reconstruction details were excluded. Patient and tumor characteristics, operative details, and outcomes were recorded. Variables were compared using χ2, Fisher's exact, and independent t tests.ResultsOf 60 patients included from 24 studies, 34 (56.7%) underwent orbital reconstruction following resection. The most common types of reconstruction were pedicled flaps (n = 15, 44.1%) and free mucosal grafts (n = 11, 32.4%). Rigid reconstruction was uncommon (n = 3, 8.8%). Performance of orbital reconstruction was associated with preoperative vision compromise (p < 0.01). The tendency to forego orbital reconstruction was associated with preoperative proptosis (p < 0.001), larger tumor size (p = 0.001), and operative exposure of orbital fat (p < 0.001) and extraocular muscle (p = 0.035). There were no statistically significant differences between the reconstruction and nonreconstruction groups in terms of short‐ or long‐term outcomes when considering all patients. In patients with intraconal tumors, however, there was a higher rate of short‐term postoperative diplopia when reconstruction was foregone (p = 0.041). This potential benefit of reconstruction did not persist: At an average of two years postoperatively, all patients for whom reconstruction was foregone either had improved or unchanged diplopia.ConclusionMost outcomes assessed did not appear affected by orbital reconstruction status. This general equivalence may suggest that orbital reconstruction is not a necessity in these cases or that the decision to reconstruct was well‐selected by surgeons in the reported cases included in this systematic review.