bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on a nanodiamond saturable absorber
Authors: Shakaty Aseel A. , Hmood Jassim K. , Mahdi Bushra R. , Harun Sulaiman W. 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we propose nanodiamond (ND) material as a saturable absorber (SA) to generate short pulses from a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). The ND-SA is fabricated by the drop-casting method using polyvinyledenedifluoride–trifluoroethylene as a host polymer and methyl ethel ketone as a solvent liquid. The SA, which possesses 20% ND concentration, has a 5.46% modulation depth with

2000

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W

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c

m

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saturation intensity. Sequentially, the performance of the EDFL is investigated after integrating an ND-SA within the laser ring. The results reveal that the presented ND-SAs produce stable ultrashort laser pulses. Moreover, the fabricated ND film is a promising solid film for many photonic schemes. The proposed mode-locked EDFL-based ND-SA starts a mode-locking operation at a pumped power of 116 mW. The generated mode-locked pulses have a pulse duration of 0.84 ps, a repetition rate of 1.93 MHz, and a power of 0.517 mW, at a pumped power of 187 mW. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the ND-SA has been used as a mode locker within the EDFL as a thin film and with the suggested fabrication method.
Optical electrocardiogram monitor with a real-time analysis of an abnormal heart rhythm for home-based medical alerts
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Ziyue , Han Zhenyuan , Wang Qi , Yu Hui , Zhang Hongxia , Jia Dagong 
Published: April 2022

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) caused by cardiovascular disease is the greatest hidden danger to human life, accounting for about 25% of the total deaths in the world. Due to the early concealment of SCD and the heavy medical burden of long-term examination, telemedicine combined with home monitoring has become a potential medical alert method. Among all the existing human cardiac and electrophysiology monitoring methods, optics-based sensors attract the widest attention due to the advantages of low delay, real-time monitoring, and high signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, we propose an optical sensor with the capabilities of long-term monitoring and real-time analysis. Combining an R-peak recognition algorithm, Lorenz plots (LP), and statistical analysis, we carried out the consistency analysis and result visualization of ECG sequences over 1 h. The results of 10 subjects show that the R-peak recognition accuracy of the optical ECG monitor is higher than 97.99%. The optical system can display abnormal heart rhythm in real-time through LP, and the readability is good, which makes the system suitable for self-monitoring at home. In addition, this paper provides a detailed long-term monitoring assessment method to effectively guide the practical clinical transformation of other optical wearable devices.
Impact of USMLE Step-1 accommodation denial on US medical schools: A national survey
Authors: Petersen Kristina H. , Jain Neera R. , Case Ben , Jain Sharad , Meeks Lisa M. 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionIn 2019, 4.6% of US-MD students self-identified as students with disabilities (SWD); many of these students will require accommodations on the USMLE Step-1 examination. Given the high-stakes nature of Step-1 for medical school advancement and residency match, SWD denied accommodations on Step-1 face considerable consequences. To date no study has investigated the rate of accommodation denial and its impact on medical school operations.MethodsTo investigate the rate of accommodation denial and evaluate whether Step-1 accommodation denial impacts medical school operations, a 10-question survey was sent to Student Affairs Deans and disability resource professionals at all fully-accredited US-MD granting programs. Two open-ended questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsSeventy-three of the 141 schools responded (52%). In the 2018–2019 academic year, 276 students from 73 schools applied for Step-1 accommodations. Of these, 144 (52%) were denied. Of those denied, 74/144 (51%) were delayed entry into the next phase of curriculum and 110/144 (76%) took the Step-1 exam unaccommodated. Of the 110 who took Step-1 without accommodations, 35/110 (32%) failed the exam, and 4/110 (3%) withdrew or were dismissed following exam failure. Schools reported varied investments of time and financial support for students denied accommodations, with most schools investing less than 20 hours (67%) and less than $1,000.00 (69%). Open-responses revealed details regarding the impact of denial on schools and students including frustration with process; financial and human resources allocation; delay in student progression; lack of resourcing and expertise; and emotional and financial burdens on students.DiscussionStep-1 accommodation denial has non-trivial financial, operational, and career impacts on medical schools and students alike. The cause of accommodation denial in this population requires further exploration.
Bayesian hierarchical lasso Cox model: A 9-gene prognostic signature for overall survival in gastric cancer in an Asian population
Authors: Chu Jiadong , Sun Na , Hu Wei , Chen Xuanli , Yi Nengjun , Shen Yueping 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumour diseases worldwide and has poor survival, especially in the Asian population. Exploration based on biomarkers would be efficient for better diagnosis, prediction, and targeted therapy.

Methods
Expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Survival-related genes were identified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and univariate Cox. Then, we applied a Bayesian hierarchical lasso Cox model for prognostic signature screening. Protein-protein interaction and Spearman analysis were performed. Kaplan–Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were applied to evaluate the prediction performance. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify prognostic factors, and a prognostic nomogram was constructed for clinical application.

Results
With the Bayesian lasso Cox model, a 9-gene signature included TNFRSF11A, NMNAT1, EIF5A, NOTCH3, TOR2A, E2F8, PSMA5, TPMT, and KIF11 was established to predict overall survival in GC. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that E2F8 was likely related to KIF11. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference between the high-risk and low-risk groups (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the 9-gene signature was an independent predictor (HR = 2.609, 95% CI 2.017–3.370), and the C-index of the integrative model reached 0.75. Function enrichment analysis for different risk groups revealed the most significant enrichment pathway/term, including pyrimidine metabolism and respiratory electron transport chain.

Conclusion
Our findings suggested that a novel prognostic model based on a 9-gene signature was developed to predict GC patients in high-risk and improve prediction performance. We hope our model could provide a reference for risk classification and clinical decision-making.
Fear of an unprecedented, invisible enemy: Difficulties experienced in establishing criteria for the release of COVID-19 patients from isolation in a Japanese University Hospital
Authors: Hagiya Hideharu , Hasegawa Kou , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic, and the United States and European authorities established criteria for the release of COVID-19 patients from isolation in October 2020. However, a huge discrepancy exists between the hospital-discharge protocol for COVID-19 patients and the release of patients from in-hospital isolation. Our initially proposed criteria for in-hospital release from isolation was not adhered to by healthcare workers (HCWs) due to prevailing concerns regarding disease infectivity. Herein, we report difficulties encountered in attempting to establish a common understanding of the management of emerging infections.

Methods
We performed a Google Form-based questionnaire survey targeting HCWs from Okayama University Hospital, Japan, via e-mail on January 21–28, 2021. The anonymous investigation required respondents to provide information regarding their background as well as perceptions regarding the requirement, level of understanding, and readiness for developing release criteria.

Results
We obtained 150 eligible responses, including 57 (38.0%) from medical doctors and 53 (35.3%) from nurses. Most HCWs managing COVID-19 patients advocated for the implementation of the criteria, whereas those not working in that capacity did not (p<0.001). Over half of the HCWs indicated discomfort at seeing COVID-19 patients transitioning to general management even after meeting the criteria.

Conclusions
It was challenging to establish a common understanding regarding the ideal criteria for in-hospital release of COVID-19 patients from isolation in our hospital. The dissemination of our experiences and multifaceted discussions with HCWs would be of great value as a countermeasure against the emergent pandemic.
Changes in elbow flexion EMG morphology during adjustment of deep brain stimulator in advanced Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ruonala Verneri , Pekkonen Eero , Airaksinen Olavi , Kankaanpää Markku , Karjalainen Pasi A. , Rissanen Saara M. 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for motor symptoms of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Currently, DBS programming outcome is based on a clinical assessment. In an optimal situation, an objectively measurable feature would assist the operator to select the appropriate settings for DBS. Surface electromyographic (EMG) measurements have been used to characterise the motor symptoms of PD with good results; with proper methodology, these measurements could be used as an aid to program DBS.

Methods
Muscle activation measurements were performed for 13 patients who had advanced PD and were treated with DBS. The DBS pulse voltage, frequency, and width were changed during the measurements. The measured EMG signals were analysed with parameters that characterise the EMG signal morphology, and the results were compared to the clinical outcome of the adjustment.

Results
The EMG signal correlation dimension, recurrence rate, and kurtosis changed significantly when the DBS settings were changed. DBS adjustment affected the signal recurrence rate the most. Relative to the optimal settings, increased recurrence rates (median ± IQR) 1.1 ± 0.5 (−0.3 V), 1.3 ± 1.1 (+0.3 V), 1.7 ± 0.4 (−30 Hz), 1.7 ± 0.8 (+30 Hz), 2.0 ± 1.7 (+30 μs), and 1.5 ± 1.1 (DBS off) were observed. With optimal stimulation settings, the patients’ Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor part (UPDRS-III) score decreased by 35% on average compared to turning the device off. However, the changes in UPRDS-III arm tremor and rigidity scores did not differ significantly in any settings compared to the optimal stimulation settings.

Conclusion
Adjustment of DBS treatment alters the muscle activation patterns in PD patients. The changes in the muscle activation patterns can be observed with EMG, and the parameters calculated from the signals differ between optimal and non-optimal settings of DBS. This provides a possibility for using the EMG-based measurement to aid the clinicians to adjust the DBS.
Associations between components of household expenditures and the rate of change in the number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Japan: Time-series analysis
Authors: Tomura Hajime 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSocial distancing measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 included restrictions on retail services in many countries. In some countries, the governments also subsidized consumer spending on part of retail services to help struggling businesses. To evaluate the costs and benefits of government interventions in retail services, it is necessary to measure the infectiousness of each type of consumer activity.MethodsThis study regresses the log difference over seven days in the number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Japan on lagged values of household expenditures per household on eating out, traveling, admissions to entertainment facilities, clothing and footwear, and the other items, as well as a measure of mobility in public transportation in the past 14 days. The sample period of the dependent variable is set from March 1, 2020, to February 1, 2021, in order to avoid a possible structural break due to the spread of mutant strains in 2021. The regression model is estimated by the Bayesian method with a non-informative (improper) prior. The estimated model is evaluated by out-of-sample forecast performance from February 2, 2021, onward.ResultsThe out-of-sample forecasts of the regression by the posterior means of regression coefficients perform well before the spread of the Delta variant in Japan since June 2021.R2for the out-of-sample forecasts from February 2, 2021, to June 30, 2021, is 0.60. The dependent variable of the regression overshot the out-of-sample forecasts from mid-June to August 2021. Then, the out-of-sample forecasts overpredicted the dependent variable for the rest of 2021.ConclusionThe estimated model can be potentially useful in simulating changes in the number of new confirmed cases due to household spending on retail services, if it can be adjusted to real-time developments of mutant strains and vaccinations. Such simulations would help in designing cost-efficient government interventions.
On Calculation of the Stiffness Coefficients of Domain Boundaries in Magnetic and Electric Ordered Systems in Linear and Weakly Nonlinear Domains
Authors: Petrova L.P. , Ignatenko N.M. , Gromkov A.S. 
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the study of the features of domain boundaries dynamics based on the macroscopic approach. In addition, a methodology for the calculation of domain boundary stiffness coefficient due to its importance among the relaxation parameters of magnetic and electric ordered systems is included in the study.
The proposed algorithm allows the calculation of stiffness coefficients of domain boundaries (DB) in ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferroelectromagnetic materials in linear and weakly nonlinear DB displacement areas caused by an external force. The external force is identified as the difference in the densities of magnetoelastic (electroelastic) energies of crystals for domains separated by the DB. It is related to the difference of their energies because each domain has its own orientation of spontaneous magnetization IS and polarization PS vectors at the same equal values of external stress components σij. The desired stiffness coefficients of the DB are calculated as the second derivatives of magnetoelastic (electroelastic) subsystem energies with respect to DB displacements. The stiffness coefficients of the first k1 and the second k2 order of smallness are obtained in a similar way using cubic and biquadratic components of energies in terms of DB displacements, i.e. relative deformation of crystals.
Steganographic Methods for Embedding and Detecting Hidden Messages Using GIF Images as Container Files
Authors: Ponomarev I.V. , Strokin D.I. 
Published: April 2022

Over the past few decades, the development of new methods of storing, transferring, analyzing, and reproducing data has become increasingly important, considering the widespread development of information technologies and multimedia means. These methods also include means of ensuring the reliability, security, safety, and confidentiality of information when it is transmitted through various communication channels. Today, the fulfillment of the necessary data confidentiality requirements is developing in the direction of cryptography and steganography.
The article discusses a method of ensuring data confidentiality by means of Digital Steganography, using GIF images as container files. The features of this method are considered, the main steps of the algorithm are described, and the resulting file is analyzed. The second part of the article studies a method that estimates the probability of hiding information in the blocks of a container file. This method utilizes Pearson’s goodness-of-fit test. A number of test tests of the algorithm have been carried out to check the efficiency of this method. As a result, a computer program has been created using the Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 Community programming environment and the C# programming language (.NET Framework).
Stosunek prawny jako podstawa wyłączenia pracownika w postępowaniu administracyjnym
Authors: Paduch Andrzej 
Published: April 2022

Artykuł porusza problem wyłączenia pracownika organu od udziału w postępowaniu administracyjnym w sytuacji, w której pomiędzy nim a stroną zachodzi stosunek prawny tego rodzaju, że wynik sprawy może mieć wpływ na prawa i obowiązki pracownika (art. 24 § 1 in fine k.p.a.). Do wyłączenie dochodzi wówczas z mocy prawa i jest podyktowane dążeniem do załatwiania spraw administracyjnych z uwzględnieniem wymogu bezstronności pracownika. Konstrukcja omawianej przesłanki opiera się na dwóch elementach. Po pierwsze, do wyłączenia na podstawie wskazywanego przepisu dochodzi jedynie wtedy, gdy stronę i pracownika łączy stosunek prawny. Analizowana podstawa wyłączenia nie zachodzi zatem wtedy, gdy stosunek ten ma charakter jedynie faktyczny lub np. gdy istniał w przeszłości. Po drugie, stosunek ten musi charakteryzować się swoistą relacją pomiędzy wynikiem sprawy a zakresem praw lub obowiązków pracownika – mogą one ulec modyfikacji przy określonym rozstrzygnięciu. Wyłączenie pracownika na podstawie omawianej przesłanki wydaje się niezwykle złożone: obie ze wskazanych przesłanek muszą wystąpić łącznie, przy czym mają one charakter ocenny. Z tej przyczyny autor proponuje wykreślenie z k.p.a. omawianej podstawy wyłączenia pracownika oraz objęcie uregulowanych w niej przypadków wyłączeniem na wniosek (art. 24 § 3 k.p.a.). Będzie to zgodne z zasadami: szybkości postępowania, budzenia zaufania uczestników postępowania do władzy publicznej oraz legalizmu.
Popularity prediction for social media over arbitrary time horizons
Authors: Haimovich Daniel , Karamshuk Dima , Leeper Thomas J. , Riabenko Evgeniy , Vojnovic Milan 
Published: April 2022

Predicting the popularity of social media content in real time requires approaches that efficiently operate at global scale. Popularity prediction is important for many applications, including detection of harmful viral content to enable timely content moderation. The prediction task is difficult because views result from interactions between user interests, content features, resharing, feed ranking, and network structure. We consider the problem of accurately predicting popularity both at any given prediction time since a content item's creation and for arbitrary time horizons into the future. In order to achieve high accuracy for different prediction time horizons, it is essential for models to use static features (of content and user) as well as observed popularity growth up to prediction time.
We propose a feature-based approach based on a self-excited Hawkes point process model, which involves prediction of the content's popularity at one or more reference horizons in tandem with a point predictor of an effective growth parameter that reflects the timescale of popularity growth. This results in a highly scalable method for popularity prediction over arbitrary prediction time horizons that also achieves a high degree of accuracy, compared to several leading baselines, on a dataset of public page content on Facebook over a two-month period, covering billions of content views and hundreds of thousands of distinct content items. The model has shown competitive prediction accuracy against a strong baseline that consists of separately trained models for specific prediction time horizons.
Real-time recognition of different imagined actions on the same side of a single limb based on the fNIRS correlation coefficient
Authors: Fu Yunfa , Wang Fan , Li Yu , Gong Anmin , Qian Qian , Su Lei , Zhao Lei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a type of functional brain imaging. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on fNIRS have recently been implemented. Most existing fNIRS-BCI studies have involved off-line analyses, but few studies used online performance testing. Furthermore, existing online fNIRS-BCI experimental paradigms have not yet carried out studies using different imagined movements of the same side of a single limb. In the present study, a real-time fNIRS-BCI system was constructed to identify two imagined movements of the same side of a single limb (right forearm and right hand). Ten healthy subjects were recruited and fNIRS signal was collected and real-time analyzed with two imagined movements (leftward movement involving the right forearm and right-hand clenching). In addition to the mean and slope features of fNIRS signals, the correlation coefficient between fNIRS signals induced by different imagined actions was extracted. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the imagined actions. The average accuracy of real-time classification of the two imagined movements was 72.25 ± 0.004%. The findings suggest that different imagined movements on the same side of a single limb can be recognized real-time based on fNIRS, which may help to further guide the practical application of online fNIRS-BCIs.
Artificial Intelligence and Chemistry
Authors: Frey Jeremy G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Following the 100 Year Anniversary of IUPAC celebrated in Paris in 2019, Artificial Intelligence was made the focus of the following global 2021 World Chemistry Leadership Meeting (WCLM).
Note: The program of WCLM 2021 is available online. A detailed account of WCLM2021 will follow in the next issue of Chem Int. at https://iupac.org/event/wclm2021/.
Once it was clear the prevailing COVID-19 conditions would mean that the 2021 WCLM would be virtual, the planning committee decided to take advantage of an online setting to have a truly global meeting and to have the event follow the sun round the world using three time zones and “visiting” the next two IUPAC Congress sites, i.e. The Netherlands 2023 and Malaysia 2025.
Physical Organic Chemistry in the 21st Century: A Q1 Progress Report
Authors: Williams Ian H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In 1997, a collection of twenty personal perspectives from eminent chemists was published in Pure and Applied Chemistry to mark the centenary of physical organic chemistry [1]. This Symposium in Print, entitled Physical Organic Chemistry in the 21st Century (POC21C), was organized by the IUPAC Commission on Physical Organic Chemistry, which was chaired at that time by Tom Tidwell, who contributed a historical prologue in which he suggested Stieglitz’s 1899 proposal of carbocations as reaction intermediates as (unwittingly) having given birth to the discipline. The principal authors were Edward Arnett, Daniel Bellus, Ron Breslow, Fulvio Cacace, Jan Engberts, Marye Anne Fox, Ken Houk, Keith Ingold, Alan Katritzky, Ed Kosower, Meir Lahav, Teruaki Mukaiyama, Oleg Nefedov, George Olah, John Roberts, Jean-Michel Savéant, Helmut Schwarz, Andrew Streitwieser, Frank Westheimer, and Akio Yamamoto. Tidwell noted that, whereas they were not all known as physical organic chemists, yet they had all used the tools of this discipline in their work and were able to comment upon the utility of physical organic chemistry for the practice of other areas of chemistry as well. The theme that ran through all the essays was that the future of the field lay in an interdisciplinary approach, that physical organic chemists would use all the tools available to them, and that they would not be fettered to narrow views.