bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate utilization by belowground organs defines the capacity of faba bean to exploit organic phosphorus sources
Authors: Jillani Ghulam , Sulieman Saad , Mühling Karl H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited phosphate (Pi) reserves and the economic and adverse environmental impacts of excessive application of mineral fertilizers in soils are alarming. Therefore, the use of organic phosphorus (Porg) is suggested to reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers.AimsThere is currently little information regarding the accessibility of Porg to N2 fixation plants. Therefore, the present study aims to address the question of to what extent Porg substrates can serve as reliable sources of phosphorus (P) for faba bean in its nodulated phase. Specifically, we intended to explore whether N2‐fixing plants employ intrinsic mechanisms to facilitate Porg availability.MethodsA pot experiment was conducted to assess the inherent capacity of two faba bean varieties (Tiffany vs. Mallory) to utilize Porg supplied as phytic acid and Ca‐glycerophosphate. Plants were inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 strain and cultivated on sterilized loamy sand under greenhouse conditions.ResultsPhytic acid was relatively less efficient than Ca‐glycerophosphate in sustaining plant growth. Compared to Mallory, the variety Tiffany displayed a higher capability to use Porg, as evidenced by the relatively higher biomass production, nodulation, phosphorus use efficiency, and P‐ and N‐accumulations in plant tissues. Porg exploitation was intimately linked to the efficient utilization of the host's carbohydrate budget into nutrient‐acquiring structures (roots and nodules). In addition, the preferential allocation of Pi to prolific nodules is essential for plants to thrive best under these circumstances.ConclusionsTogether with N profitability, these findings suggested that N2‐fixing plants (e.g., faba bean) can promote the sustainable exploitation of Porg, thereby diminishing the sizeable environmental footprint.
Dynamic processes of the water sublattice in FeTiF6·xH2O·yD2O crystal
Authors: Yu.V. Gerasimova , A.S. Krylov , A.N. Vtyurin , N.M. Laptash , E.I. Pogoreltsev , A.A. Dubrovskiy , M.A. Gerasimov 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhase transition in
crystals has been studied by Raman spectroscopy. The 611 cm−1 line corresponding to mode
of
system does not exhibit anomalous behavior associated with the phase transition. The temperature studies showed that below the phase transition temperature, the equivalence of D2O molecules in
octahedron is broken. The phase transition mechanism in the compound under study is associated with
complex.
Analytic solution to the rate law for a fundamental autocatalytic reaction mechanism operating in the “efficient” regime
Authors: Baird James K. , Barlow Douglas A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntegrated rate laws in analytic form are scarce in the kinetics literature in cases where a reaction mechanism involves an autocatalytic step. As an example, we have taken up the challenge of integrating the rate law for a mechanism where an initial autocatalytic step competes with a subsequent step in which the catalyst decays unimolecularly to form the product. In addition to its chemical application, this mechanism forms the basis for theories of metabolism and chemical evolution. Even though it is one of the most elementary mechanisms possible, an exact analytic solution to the governing rate law has never been obtained in closed form. Of greatest chemical interest is the case where the autocatalytic step is much faster than the unimolecular step. This situation has the effect of enhancing the yield of the product and is known as the efficient regime. We derive a closed form analytical solution to the rate equation which is accurate in this limit. We use our analytic solution to obtain a formula for the induction time during which the rate of formation of product is accelerating.
Glucocorticoid Dose Dependency on Gene Expression in Vocal Fold Fibroblasts and Macrophages
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Bing Renjie , Gartling Gary J. , Garabedian Michael J. , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveGlucocorticoids (GCs) modulate multiple cellular activities including inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Outcomes of GC treatment for laryngeal disease vary, affording opportunity to optimize treatment. In the current study, three clinically employed GCs were evaluated to identify optimal in vitro concentrations at which GCs mediate favorable anti‐inflammatory and fibrotic effects in multiple cell types. We hypothesize a therapeutic window will emerge as a foundation for optimized therapeutic strategies for patients with laryngeal disease.Study DesignIn vitro.MethodsHuman vocal fold fibroblasts and human macrophages derived from THP‐1 monocytes were treated with 0.03–1000 nM dexamethasone, 0.3–10,000 nM methylprednisolone, and 0.3–10,000 nM triamcinolone in combination with interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α, or interleukin‐4. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze inflammatory (CXCL10, CXCl11, PTGS2, TNF, IL1B) and fibrotic (CCN2, LOX, TGM2) genes, and TSC22D3, a target gene of GC signaling. EC50 and IC50 to alter inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression was calculated.ResultsInterferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α increased inflammatory gene expression in both cell types; this response was reduced by GCs. Interleukin‐4 increased LOX and TGM2 expression in macrophages; this response was also reduced by GCs. GCs induced TSC22D3 and CCN2 expression independent of cytokine treatment. EC50 for each GC to upregulate CCN2 was higher than the IC50 to downregulate other genes.ConclusionLower concentrations of GCs repressed inflammatory gene expression and only moderately induced genes involved in fibrosis. These data warrant consideration as a foundation for optimized clinical care paradigms to reduce inflammation and mitigate fibrosis.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1169–1175, 2023
An absorption‐based approach to improved estimates of phytoplankton biomass and net primary production
Authors: Fox James , Kramer Sasha J. , Graff Jason R. , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Boss Emmanuel , Tilstone Gavin , Halsey Kimberly H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe abundance and productivity of phytoplankton constrain energy transfer through marine food webs and the export of organic carbon to the deep ocean. Bio‐optical measurements correlate well with phytoplankton carbon (Cphyto), but the effect of taxonomic variability on this relationship is still uncertain. Here, we explore how changes in phytoplankton community composition influence the relationship between the particulate backscatter coefficient (bbp) and Cphyto and present a new approach to estimate phytoplankton biomass more accurately using bbp. We found that using a fixed scaling factor for the conversion of bbp to Cphyto could lead to the underestimation or overestimation of biomass, depending on the dominant taxonomic group in the phytoplankton community. In addition, we demonstrate how a simple ratio of absorption at two wavelengths can be used to provide a coarse approximation of phytoplankton community composition when scaling bbp to Cphyto, thereby improving the estimation of net primary production.
Computer‐aided diagnostic models to classify lymph node metastasis and lymphoma involvement in enlarged cervical lymph nodes using PET/CT
Authors: Yang Yuhan , Zheng Bo , Li Yueyi , Li Yuan , Ma Xuelei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is a clinical problem to identify histological component in enlarged cervical lymph nodes, particularly in differentiation between lymph node metastasis and lymphoma involvement.PurposeTo construct two kinds of deep learning (DL)‐based computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) systems including DL‐convolutional neural networks (DL‐CNN) and DL‐machine learning for pathological diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) images.MethodsWe collected CT, PET, and PET/CT images series from 165 patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes receiving examinations from January 2014 to June 2018. Six CNNs pretrained on ImageNet as DL architectures were used for two kinds of DL‐based CAD models, including DL‐CNN and DL‐machine learning models. The DL‐CNN models were constructed via transfer learning for classification of lymphomatous and metastatic lymph nodes. The DL‐machine learning models were developed by DL‐based features extractors and support vector machine (SVM) classifier. As for DL‐SVM models, we also evaluate the effect of handcrafted radiomics features in combination of DL‐based features.ResultsThe DL‐CNN model with ResNet50 architecture on PET/CT images had the best diagnostic performance among all six algorithms with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.845 and accuracy of 78.13% in the testing cohort. The DL‐SVM model on ResNet50 extractor showed great performance for the testing cohort with an AUC of 0.901, accuracy of 86.96%, sensitivity of 76.09%, and specificity of 94.20%. The combination of DL‐based and handcrafted features yielded the improvement of diagnostic performance.ConclusionsOur DL‐based CAD systems on PET/CT images were developed for classifying metastatic and lymphomatous involvement with favorable diagnostic performance in enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Further clinical practice of our systems may improve quality of the following therapeutic interventions and optimize patients’ outcomes.
Psychological experience among internship nurses at different internship stages: A qualitative study
Authors: Xiong Wanhong , Zhu Aiqun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimSome studies have found that clinical practice has caused great pressure and negative psychological experience to nursing students. Therefore, this study aimed to identify psychological experience at different internship stages among internship nurses.DesignA qualitative study.MethodsIn this qualitative study, one‐to‐one in‐depth interviews and mixed data analysis strategies were conducted among internship nurses from May 2018 to February 2019.ResultsThe pressure of the initial stage was operational pressure (80.0%), intermediate stage was nurse–patient communication (50.0%), and last stage was employment pressure (70.6%). Nursing students mainly expected to improve their operational and communication skills, and to acquire clinical experience, thinking ability and frontier knowledge. 62.5% students said ambivalent on “let us practice with being monitored,” especially in the last stage (88.2%). Clinical nursing teaching should pay attention to this dynamic experience and their factors and take corresponding measures to improve the quality of internship.
Associations between ultra‐ or minimally processed food intake and three adiposity indicators among US adults: NHANES 2011 to 2016
Authors: Zhang Zefeng , Kahn Henry S. , Jackson Sandra L. , Steele Euridice Martinez , Gillespie Cathleen , Yang Quanhe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveUltraprocessed food (UPF) intake is associated with BMI, but effects on regional adipose depots or related to minimally processed food (MPF) intake are unknown.MethodsData included 12,297 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011 to 2016. This study analyzed associations between usual percentage of kilocalories from UPFs and MPFs and three adiposity indicators: supine sagittal abdominal diameter to height ratio (SADHtR, estimates visceral adiposity); waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR, estimates abdominal adiposity); and BMI, using linear and multinomial logistic regression.ResultsStandardized β coefficients per 10% increase in UPF intake were 0.0926, 0.0846, and 0.0791 for SADHtR, WHtR, and BMI, respectively (all p < 0.001; p > 0.26 for pairwise differences). For MPF intake, the β coefficients were −0.0901, −0.0806, and −0.0688 (all p < 0.001; p > 0.18 pairwise). Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for adiposity tertile 3 versus tertile 1 (comparing UPF intake quartiles 2, 3, and 4 to quartile 1) were 1.33 (1.22‐1.45), 1.67 (1.43‐1.95), and 2.24 (1.76‐2.86), respectively, for SADHtR; 1.31 (1.19‐1.44), 1.62 (1.37‐1.91), and 2.13 (1.63‐2.78), respectively, for WHtR; and 1.27 (1.16‐1.39), 1.53 (1.31‐1.79), and 1.96 (1.53‐2.51), respectively, for BMI. MPF intake showed inverse associations with similar trends in association strength.ConclusionsAmong US adults, abdominal and visceral adiposity indictors were positively associated with UPFs and inversely associated with MPFs.
Development and validation of a deep‐learning based assistance system for enhancing laparoscopic control level
Authors: Zheng Qingyuan , Yang Rui , Yang Song , Ni Xinmiao , Li Yanze , Jiang Zhengyu , Wang Xinyu , Wang Lei , Chen Zhiyuan , Liu Xiuheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsInter‐operator variations in the level of intraoperative laparoscope control by surgeons influence surgical outcomes. We aimed to construct a laparoscopic surgery quantification system (LSQS) for real‐time evaluation of the surgeon's laparoscope control to improve intraoperative manipulation of the laparoscope.MethodsUsing 1888 images from 80 laparoscopic videos for training, the U‐Net, PSPNet, LinkNet, and DeepLabv3+ models were used to segment surgical instruments. The percentage of the instruments in central area was defined as the new indicator and the threshold was determined from 20 laparoscopic videos. The differences between expert and non‐expert laparoscopic operators before and after LSQS were compared.ResultsAmong the three segmentation models (U‐Net, PSPNet, and LinkNet), the PSPNet model had the highest index (precision 0.9135; F1 score 0.9058; mIoU 0.8280). The validation experiment showed that LSQS could help non‐expert users to more easily achieve expert‐level control of the laparoscope.ConclusionsDeep‐learning technology successfully fed back real‐time intraoperative information on level of laparoscope control and may facilitate better visualisation of the surgical field.
Clamshell‐type Bis‐phthalocyanine with Tetrachlorocyclotriphosphazene Intramolecular Bridge: Synthesis and Structural Evaluation by DFT, NMR and Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Tolbin Alexander Yu. , Tarasevich Boris N. , Beklemishev Mikhail K. , Brel Valery K. , Pushkarev Victor E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn interaction of 2‐hydroxy‐9(10),16(17),23(24)‐tri‐tert‐butyl‐29H,31H‐ phthalocyanine (1) with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (phosphonitrilic chloride trimer) produced, along with the A3B type low‐symmetry monophthalocyanine (monomer 2), a bis‐derivative 3 with spectral characteristics such as that of most clamshell‐type phthalocyanines (typically, H‐dimers). The reaction can be considered conditionally selective. DFT calculations showed the possibility of the existence of several isomers. Based on the UV‐Vis, fluorescent and NMR studies, we found that 3 was obtained as an inseparable mixture of three diastereomers‐achiral cis‐isomer and two chiral trans‐isomers. DFT analysis has also shown that cis‐isomer can exist as two rotamers‐parallel and oblique, by an analogy with the cofacial J‐type dimers that we obtained earlier.
Electrochemical Dopamine Detection using a Fe/Fe3O4@C Composite derived from a Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Jingrui , Wang Xingwen , Meng Wei , Han Chao , Leng Chunpeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel composite of Fe/Fe3O4@C is synthesized by taking a Fe‐metal‐organic framework (Fe‐MOF) as precursor template. Different treating temperature (450, 550, 650 and 750 °C) were carried out to investigate the composite of calcined products. The Fe/Fe3O4@C‐650 modified glassy carbon electrode (Fe/Fe3O4@C‐650GCE) shows good electrocatalytic activity towards dopamine (DA) oxidation. Three electrochemical measuring methods of cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry i‐t are adopted to investigate the sensing behaviors of Fe/Fe3O4@C‐650/GCE. The results show that: the sensors based on CV and DPV technology exhibit excellent advantages in the aspect of sensitivity and linear range thanthose of the sensor based on amperometry i‐t technology. Meanwhile, the sensor based on CV method shows good selectivity for dopamine, and can resist the influence of various sugars, uric acid, ascorbic acid, as well as Na+ and K+. The sensor also shows good stability and repeatability in the sensing process. In addition, the Fe/Fe3O4@C‐650/GCE could be successfully applied in the DA detection in the human serum.
Efficient Multicomponent Synthesis of Biginelli‐Dihydro‐Pyrimidines and Evaluation of Anti‐Cancer Activity
Authors: Krishnan V. B. R. , Kumari Merugu Santha , Jyothsna Gali Siva , Kapavarapu Ravikumar , Babu Bollikolla Hari 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the presence of imidazole hydrochloride, an efficient one‐pot three‐component synthesis of Biginelli reaction of aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and thiourea/urea was developed with good yields of dihydropyrimidines. High yields (80–95 %), mild reaction conditions, an easy work‐up process, a fast reaction time and simple operations are all significant features of the reaction. A total of 15 dihydropyrimidines were synthesized and out of which 12 compounds were evaluated for their anti‐cancer activity against cancer cell lines viz.A549, HT29, HepG2. Most of the synthesized compounds showed moderate to good anti‐cancer activity (IC50=150>200 μM).
Synergistic Influences of Doping Techniques and Well‐Defined Heterointerface Formation to Improve the Photocatalytic Ability of the S‐ZnO/GO Nanocomposite
Authors: Javed Mohsin , Qamar Muhammad Azam , Iqbal Shahid , Aljazzar Samar O. , Iqbal Sadia , Khan Humaira , Abourehab Mohammed A. S. , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Alharthi Abdulrahman I. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnvironmental pollutants such as organic dyes are major focal areas of the current era. For this reason, excellent photocatalytic substances are needed time to degrade such water bodies and get pollution‐free water. In this study, Sulphur doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were fabricated utilizing a solution‐free technique, while graphene oxide was synthesized using a modified hummer‘s method. Sulphur‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were mixed with graphene oxide in five distinct weight percentages to achieve the S‐ZnO/GO (SZO) composites. The 8 % SZO NC demonstrated superior photocatalytic efficiency, degrading 100 % of MB in 110 minutes under sunlight irradiation. The synthesized composites were characterized by the techniques viz. TEM, SEM, EDXS, FTIR, XPS, and UV spectrophotometry to determine their chemical nature and morphological features. Methylene blue was used as a reference pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the composites. According to the radical scavenger‘s test observations, •OH and •O2– were the primary species responsible for MB decomposition. Furthermore, the nanocomposites were found highly stable, with a continuously high degree of dye degradation throughout six catalytic cycles. As a result, the SZO nanocomposites have the prospective to be an extremely effective and versatile photocatalyst for the photodegradation of organic wastes.
Green Synthesis of a Nano Copper Powder via a Facile Ethanol Thermal Reduction and Its Mechanism
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Chen Bohong , Fu Jiaqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, nano copper powder was prepared by a simple ethanol thermal reduction method. The reaction temperature and sodium hydroxide dosage played important roles in this reaction system. Pure nano copper powder only could be obtained when the reaction temperature was up to 160 °C and the reaction system kept alkaline. Sodium acetate was found to be the only organic product in this reaction system. Further, the mechanism and process of the thermal reduction reaction were analyzed and proposed.
Modeling chromatin state from sequence across angiosperms using recurrent convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wrightsman Travis , Marand Alexandre P. , Crisp Peter A. , Springer Nathan M. , Buckler Edward S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccessible chromatin regions are critical components of gene regulation but modeling them directly from sequence remains challenging, especially within plants, whose mechanisms of chromatin remodeling are less understood than in animals. We trained an existing deep‐learning architecture, DanQ, on data from 12 angiosperm species to predict the chromatin accessibility in leaf of sequence windows within and across species. We also trained DanQ on DNA methylation data from 10 angiosperms because unmethylated regions have been shown to overlap significantly with ACRs in some plants. The across‐species models have comparable or even superior performance to a model trained within species, suggesting strong conservation of chromatin mechanisms across angiosperms. Testing a maize (Zea mays L.) held‐out model on a multi‐tissue chromatin accessibility panel revealed our models are best at predicting constitutively accessible chromatin regions, with diminishing performance as cell‐type specificity increases. Using a combination of interpretation methods, we ranked JASPAR motifs by their importance to each model and saw that the TCP and AP2/ERF transcription factor (TF) families consistently ranked highly. We embedded the top three JASPAR motifs for each model at all possible positions on both strands in our sequence window and observed position‐ and strand‐specific patterns in their importance to the model. With our publicly available across‐species ‘a2z’ model it is now feasible to predict the chromatin accessibility and methylation landscape of any angiosperm genome.
“Can We See ur Dog[?]”: Co‐Constructing Virtual Author Visits in the Chat
Authors: Buchholz Beth A. , Jordan Rebecca L. P. , Frye Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAuthor/illustrator school visits are literacy events that positively impact children's motivation to read and write. The emergence of COVID‐19, however, made face‐to‐face visits impossible, forcing visits to use video conferencing platforms. The assumption is that these virtual visits are a “lesser version” of the face‐to‐face visit: less engaging, less effective, and less inspiring, but our experiences (and data) offer a more nuanced perspective. We analyzed data generated during a virtual author/illustrator school visit with Sara Varon to better understand what kinds of interactions emerged between authors/illustrators and children in virtual spaces. We aimed to answer: How do children, teachers, and authors/illustrators co‐construct meaning during a virtual visit through the use of the chat function? The implications of our work have the potential to redesign author/illustrator visits moving forward—whether those are virtual or in‐person.