bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic management of benign splenic tumors in children
Authors: Qingjiang Chen , Wang Linyan , Chen Xiaoli , Zhang Yuebin , Zhang Lifeng , Zhu Kun , Xiong Qixing , Gao Zhigang 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe splenic tumor is relatively rare in children. However, diagnosing and managing this disease remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and pathological features of benign splenic tumors and to explore the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic splenectomy in children.MethodsThe clinical data of all patients who were diagnosed with benign splenic tumors and admitted to our center between January 2014 and December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Factors that were documented included demographic criteria, clinical manifestations, preoperative examinations, surgical methods, histopathological characteristics, postoperative complications and outcomes.ResultsTotally, 24 consecutive patients with a mean age of 10.21±2.59 years were operated laparoscopically. Nine patients presented with recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting or backache. The remaining 15 cases were asymptomatic and were identified incidentally. Laparoscopic total splenectomy (LTS) was performed in 12 cases, laparoscopic partial splenectomy (LPS) in 9 cases and deroofing of splenic cyst in 3 cases. No significant differences were observed in operation time, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative abdominal drainage between the LTS and LPS groups. Histopathology examination reported 12 cases of splenic epithelial cyst, 5 cases of splenic lymphangioma or lymphatic malformation, 3 cases of splenic hamartoma, 3 cases of splenic littoral cell angioma and 1 case of splenic hemangioma. No postoperative complications and tumor recurrence were observed.ConclusionsIt is still difficult to precisely diagnose the splenic tumor preoperatively. Laparoscopic splenectomy is safe and feasible in treating the benign splenic tumors, and partial splenectomy is of great significance in preserving the immune function in children.
Paleomagnetism of the Grum Zn–Pb–Ag deposit, Selwyn Basin, Yukon, Canada
Authors: Kawasaki Kazuo , Symons David T.A. 
Published: July 2022

The Grum deposit is one of five large clastic-dominated Zn–Pb–Ag deposits in the Anvil district of the Selwyn Basin, Yukon. Grum's mineralization occurs at the contact between the late Proterozoic to Cambrian Mount Mye Formation and the Cambrian to Early Ordovician Vangorda Formation. Paleomagnetic analyses of 113 specimens from 15 mineralized sites in the Grum open pit were undertaken to date Grum's mineralization. The analyses isolated a stable characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM), mostly by thermal and then alternating field demagnetization. The main ChRM carrier is single- or pseudosingle-domain pyrrhotite with minor magnetite that give a paleopole at 67.8°N latitude and 317.4°E longitude (radius of the cone of 95% confidence, A95 = 7.2°). The paleopole yields an age of 176 ± 12 Ma for the Grum deposit after a clockwise rotation and northward translation of the basin to best fit the North American apparent polar wander path. Thus, the Zn–Pb–Ag Grum mineralization significantly predates intrusion of the nearby mid-Cretaceous Anvil Batholith, but is coeval with widespread Early Jurassic metamorphism in the Selwyn Basin that correlates with the Early Jurassic collision of the Intermontane Belt terranes with the North America craton.
Unconventional superconductivity from weak coupling
Authors: Dürrnagel Matteo , Beyer Jacob , Thomale Ronny , Schwemmer Tilman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We develop a joint formalism and numerical framework for analyzing the superconducting instability of metals from a weak coupling perspective. This encompasses the Kohn–Luttinger formulation of weak coupling renormalization group for superconductivity as well as the random phase approximation imposed on the diagrammatic expansion of the two-particle Green’s function. The central quantity to resolve is the effective interaction in the Cooper channel, for which we develop an optimized numerical framework. Our code is capable of treating generic multi-orbital models in two as well as three spatial dimensions and, in particular, arbitrary avenues of spin-orbit coupling.

Graphic abstract
The same, but different, but still the same: structural and dynamical differences of neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G
Authors: Schuhmann Fabian , Tan Xiangyin , Gerhards Luca , Bordallo Heloisa N. , Solov’yov Ilia A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although the general mechanism for serine protease catalysis is well established, some questions still remain. For instance, the two enzymes, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G, have a lot of structural resemblances. However, elastase degrades virulence factors, while cathepsin G does not. This paper studies both enzymes computationally to probe for their conformational differences. In the process, a methodology is established to not only quantify similarities between the protein trajectories describing proteins’ temporal evolution but also account for a varying number of amino acid residues comprising each structure. Our results indicate slight differences in the behavior of the active sites of neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G in the solvent. These subtle changes could indicate differences in the general behavior responsible for the different specificity of the two enzymes.

Graphical abstract
Quantum optimal control in quantum technologies. Strategic report on current status, visions and goals for research in Europe
Authors: Koch Christiane P. , Boscain Ugo , Calarco Tommaso , Dirr Gunther , Filipp Stefan , Glaser Steffen J. , Kosloff Ronnie , Montangero Simone , Schulte-Herbrüggen Thomas , Sugny Dominique , Wilhelm Frank K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantum optimal control, a toolbox for devising and implementing the shapes of external fields that accomplish given tasks in the operation of a quantum device in the best way possible, has evolved into one of the cornerstones for enabling quantum technologies. The last few years have seen a rapid evolution and expansion of the field. We review here recent progress in our understanding of the controllability of open quantum systems and in the development and application of quantum control techniques to quantum technologies. We also address key challenges and sketch a roadmap for future developments.
DNA Methyltransferase 3B–Mediated Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Targeting in Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis
Authors: So Jae Young , Yang Howard H. , Park Woo Yong , Skrypek Nicolas , Ishii Hiroki , Chen Jennifer M. , Lee Maxwell P. , Yang Li 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The mechanisms of how cancer cells are selected and evolve to establish distant metastatic colonies remain unclear. Tumor heterogeneity and lack of biomarkers are some of the most difficult challenges in cancer biology and treatment. Here using mouse models for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis, we report heterogeneous expression of DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) in both mouse and human primary tumors. High levels of DNMT3B were correlated with poor clinical outcomes in multiple human breast cancer datasets. Mechanistically, clonal cells with high DNMT3B (DNMT3BH) showed higher vimentin (VIM) expression and displayed enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition capacity. Deletion of VIM diminished the metastatic phenotype of DNMT3BH cells. Importantly, in preclinical mouse models in which the primary tumors were surgically removed, perioperative targeting of DNMT3B in combination with chemotherapy markedly suppressed tumor recurrence and metastasis. Our studies identify DNMT3B-mediated transcription regulation as an important mediator of tumor heterogeneity and show that DNMT3B is critical for tumor invasion and metastasis, reinforcing its potential as a target for treating metastatic disease.

Implications:
Our findings of transcriptome changes mediated by DNMT3B provide new mechanistic insight for intratumor heterogeneity and chemoresistance, and therapeutic targeting of DNMT3B in combination with chemotherapy offer additional treatment options for metastatic disease especially for patients with TNBC.
MYC-Induced Upregulation of Lncrna ELFN1-AS1 Contributes to Tumor Growth in Colorectal Cancer via Epigenetically Silencing TPM1
Authors: Li Chenyao , Hong Sen , Hu Han , Liu Tao , Yan Guoqiang , Sun Di 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been reported as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in colorectal cancer. This study aims to discover functional role of a novel lncRNA in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Expression profile of fibronectin type III domain containing 1 antisense RNA 1 (ELFN1-AS1) in colorectal cancer samples was displayed on TCGA database. Expression level of ELFN1-AS1 was tested in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines via qRT-PCR. Functional role of ELFN1-AS1 was assessed by loss-of-function assays. Mechanism experiments, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and luciferase reporter assay, were done to analyze the molecular mechanism of ELFN1-AS1 in colorectal cancer. ELFN1-AS1 knockdown inhibited colorectal cancer tumor growth through restricting cell proliferation and facilitating cell apoptosis. ELFN1-AS1 was transcriptionally activated by MYC. Moreover, ELFN1-AS1 led to transcriptional silencing of tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) via recruiting enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) and forkhead box P1 (FOXP1). Collectively, MYC-upregulated ELFN1-AS1 recruited EZH2 and FOXP1 to restrain TPM1 expression, thereby promoting colorectal cancer tumor growth.

Implications:
This study revealed a novel molecular pathway in colorectal cancer progression, which may provide new method for early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.
Navigating the HER2-Low Paradigm in Breast Oncology: New Standards, Future Horizons
Authors: Tarantino Paolo , Curigliano Giuseppe , Tolaney Sara M. 
Published: July 2022

Summary:
The confirmation of the HER2-low paradigm is expected to have a major impact in breast oncology. About half of all breast cancers harbor HER2-low expression, which can be targeted with the anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), leading to a relevant survival benefit in the metastatic setting. Given this observation, treatment algorithms for both hormone receptor–positive and triple-negative breast cancer are expected to significantly evolve in the next future. Several challenges, however, remain in the interpretation of HER2-low expression related to its biological role, its pathologic diagnosis, and the definition itself of HER2-low. In this article, we recapitulate the current knowledge on HER2-low breast cancer, discussing whether it should be considered a distinct subtype, how it should be implemented in the clinic, and how its definition may evolve in the coming years with the evolution of our clinical and translational knowledge.
Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Noncardiac Procedures at Hospitals With and Without a Cardiac Surgical Program
Authors: Nasr Viviane G. , França Urbano L. , Nathan Meena , DiNardo James A. , Faraoni David , McManus Michael L. 
Published: July 2022

Background
The type and location of hospitals where patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergo noncardiac procedures have not been investigated. This study aimed to describe (1) the characteristics of these patients, (2) the distribution of procedures among hospitals with and without a cardiac surgical program and travel distances, (3) the characteristics determining the distribution, and (4) mortality rates.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective cohort analysis of inpatient data from the Center for Healthcare Information and Analysis of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Texas Healthcare Information Collection, and Health Care Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database. Children <18 years old with CHD who underwent noncardiac procedures were included. Distances were calculated using the Haversine formula. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the odds of a procedure at a hospital with a cardiac program. There were 7435 encounters at 235 hospitals analyzed. Most procedures (87.8%) occurred at hospitals with a cardiac program. Patients at a hospital without a cardiac program had simple CHD (72.4%) with <1% with single ventricle disease. At hospitals with a cardiac program, 56.8% had simple CHD, 35.4% complex CHD, and 7.8% single ventricle disease. The median distance traveled was 25.2 miles (interquartile range, 10.3–73.8 miles) to a hospital with a cardiac program and 14.6 miles (interquartile range, 6.2–37.4 miles) to a hospital without a cardiac program (
P
<0.001). Single ventricle disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 16.25 [95% CI, 7.22–36.61]) and ≥6 chronic conditions (aOR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.57–2.09]) were associated with performance at a hospital with a cardiac program. Mortality rate was 3.8%.

Conclusions
Patients with CHD are more likely to travel to a hospital with a cardiac program for noncardiac procedures than to a hospital without; especially patients with single ventricle disease, other complex CHD, and with ≥6 chronic conditions.
“Commendably Industrious” or “very good friends” of the Devil?: How Attitudes Towards the Jesuits Shaped Understandings of China in Early Modern England
Authors: Moncrieff Ross 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The transmission of knowledge about China to early modern Europe was dominated by the Jesuits, whose mission to China and privileged position in the court of the Ming and Qing emperors enabled them to become Europe’s foremost early Sinologists. However, the Jesuits were deeply controversial in early modern Europe, especially in Protestant England. This article investigates how hostility towards the Jesuits manifested itself in the English reception of texts and information about China. By examining English translations of Jesuit texts, tracts by English intellectuals, and English literary works on China, this article reveals the variety of responses which English authors and printers used in order to deal with the problematical Jesuit origin of early modern knowledge about China. The consistency with which English authors engaged with the Jesuit origins of this knowledge demonstrates the critical importance of attitudes towards the Jesuits in shaping early modern English understandings of China.
“‘Cause Even Though Perfect It’s Not/ It’s the Best Thing This World’s Got” – or Not?
Authors: Wolfart Johannes C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This short reply considers and rejects from the point of view of Religious Studies, proposals that something of “religious literacy” should be salvaged, either for pedagogical or for other pragmatic purposes. It further rejects suggestions that the critique of religious literacy entails an obligation on the part of the critic to find an alternative raison d’être for Religious Studies. The resonance of religious literacy clearly derives from a powerful legacy of institutional social discipline spanning nearly 500 years; yet only very recently has the concept been re-purposed as core academic mission. Therefore, the costs of abandoning religious literacy now are minimal (except for those institutions who rashly bet everything on the paradigm); by comparison, the costs of pursuing it seem high and include a possible re-assimilation of academic to other historical institutions of social discipline such as penitentiaries (with “residential” and other “reformatory” schools representing significant hybrid or transitional formations).
Activating the Right to Be Rescued
Authors: Hecht Lisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
When a person finds herself in peril her right to be rescued is activated and a rescue duty is imposed on those who are in a position to help. In this article, I argue that the activation of the right to be rescued needs to be suitably constrained so that the rescuee is prevented from arbitrarily controlling the normative situation between herself and potential rescuers. Such control would be in conflict with the moral equality of persons. I argue that the activation of the right to be rescued should be conditional on the person having a justification for the action that caused her peril. One implication of my view is that the right to be rescued cannot fulfill the function that Jonathan Quong ascribes to it. The right to be rescued turns out to be an unsuitable ground for the necessity condition which constrains the permissible use of defensive force.
The Right to Preserve Culture
Authors: Hoesch Matthias 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although a supposed right to preserve culture is frequently invoked in normative debates, philosophical literature has produced scarcely any attempt to treat it as a particular claim that differs from other cultural rights and, for that reason, is in need of a particular justification. Only by clarifying the content and the normative reasons underlying the supposed right, however, is it possible to evaluate the numerous political claims that have been based on it, ranging from the protection of minorities to restrictions on immigration into nation states. This article argues that the right to preserve culture should be seen as the right of a cultural group to enjoy the framework conditions and to enact supporting political measures that make it likely that its culture will continue to exist through an authentic and continuous path of development. Although some of the possible justifications of that supposed right fail, there is an approach that makes it at least plausible that the right to preserve culture is justified within certain limits.
Does ERA5 Mark a New Era for Resolving the Tropical Cyclone Environment?
Authors: Slocum Christopher J. , Razin Muhammad Naufal , Knaff John A. , Stow Justin P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The synoptic environment around tropical cyclones plays a significant role in vortex evolution. To capture the environment, the operational and research communities calculate diagnostic quantities. To aid with applications and research, the Tropical Cyclone Precipitation, Infrared, Microwave, and Environmental Dataset (TC PRIMED) combines disparate data sources. A key part of TC PRIMED is the environmental context. Often, environmental diagnostics come from multiple sources. However, TC PRIMED uses the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts fifth-generation reanalysis (ERA5) product to provide a more complete representation of the storm environment from a single source. Reanalysis products usually poorly resolve tropical cyclones and their surrounding environment. To understand the uncertainty of large-scale diagnostics, ERA5 is compared to the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme developmental dataset and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Gulfstream IV-SP dropwindsondes. This analysis highlights biases in the ERA5 environmental diagnostic quantities. Thermodynamic fields show the largest biases. The boundary layer exhibits a cold temperature bias that limits the amount of convective instability; also, the upper troposphere contains temperature biases and shows a high relative humidity bias. However, the upper-troposphere large-scale kinematic fields and derived metrics are low biased. In the lower troposphere, the temperature gradient and advection calculated from the thermal wind suggest that the low-level wind field is not representative of the observed distribution. These diagnostics comparisons provide uncertainty so that users of TC PRIMED can assess the implications for specific research and operational applications.
Recent Incarceration Among Individuals Infected With Hepatitis A Virus During Person-to-Person Community Outbreaks, United States, 2016-2020
Authors: Hagan Liesl M. , Montgomery Martha P. , Lauro Priscilla L. , Cima Michael , Stringer Ginger , Kupferman Nikki M. , Leapley Andrea , Gandhi Ami P. , Nims Dawn , Iberg Johnson Jenna , Bouton Lindsay , Burkholder Cole , Grilli Genny A. , Kittle Theresa , Hansen Katrina , Sievers Marla M. , Newman Alexandra P. , Albertson Justin P. , Taylor Brandi , Pietrowski Michael , Stous Sarah , Qiu-Shultz Zuwen , Jones Cassandra , Barbeau Bree , Nicolai Laura Ann , McCombs Katherine , Chan Mary , Cooley Laura , Gupta Neil , Nelson Noele 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Although many people who are incarcerated have risk factors for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, the proportion of hepatitis A cases among people with a recent incarceration is unknown. We examined the relationship between recent incarceration and HAV infection during community-based, person-to-person outbreaks to inform public health recommendations. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveyed health departments in 33 jurisdictions reporting person-to-person HAV outbreaks during 2016-2020 on the number of outbreak-associated cases, HAV-infected people recently incarcerated, and HAV-associated hospitalizations and deaths. Results: Twenty-five health departments reported 18 327 outbreak-associated hepatitis A cases during January 11, 2016–January 24, 2020. In total, 2093 (11.4%) HAV-infected people had been recently incarcerated. Of those with complete data, 1402 of 1462 (95.9%) had been held in a local jail, and 1513 of 1896 (79.8.%) disclosed hepatitis A risk factors. Eighteen jurisdictions reported incarceration timing relative to the exposure period. Of 9707 cases in these jurisdictions, 991 (10.2%) were among recently incarcerated people; 451 of 688 (65.6%) people with complete data had been incarcerated during all (n = 55) or part (n = 396) of their exposure period. Conclusions: Correctional facilities are important settings for reaching people with risk factors for HAV infection and can also be venues where transmission occurs. Providing HAV vaccination to incarcerated people, particularly people housed in jails, can be an effective component of community-wide outbreak response.
Testing and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in 20 US Overnight Camps in Summer 2021
Authors: Blaisdell Laura , Rising Josh , van Zyl André , Finn Julia , Vergales Jeff 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Overnight camps are a setting where COVID-19 can easily spread without the diligent use of layered public health interventions. We evaluated 20 camps in the United States to examine COVID-19 transmission and mitigation strategies during summer 2021. Methods: For this descriptive cross-sectional study, we examined self-reported information from 20 camps in 6 predominantly northeastern states on geographic information, tests and testing cadences, vaccination rates, and number of COVID-19 cases during summer 2021. Because the camps had hired public health consultants to guide them on reducing COVID-19 introduction and spread, all camps implemented similar interventions, including encouraging behaviors that lower the risk of COVID-19 transmission prior to camp arrival, use of cohorts, testing before and after arrival, and strong encouragement of vaccination among eligible campers and staff members. Results: A total of 9474 attendees at the 20 camps came from geographically diverse regions. Camps generally tested before and at arrival, as well as once or twice after arrival. Rates of vaccination were high among staff members (84.6%) and campers (76.2%). Camps identified 27 COVID-19 cases, with 17 (63.0%) detected after arrival, 3 (7.4%) detected on arrival, and 8 (29.6%) detected prior to arrival. Conclusions: The spread of cases detected after arrival to overnight camps was limited by the use of 3 key interventions: (1) high vaccination rates, (2) a rigorous and responsive testing strategy, and (3) ongoing use of public health interventions. These findings have implications for successful operation of overnight camps, residential schools and colleges, and other similar settings.