bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Study of Spectrum of Liver Diseases in Alcoholic with Respect to Predictors of Severity and Prognosis
Authors: Parate Tilottama , Chavan Pankaj , Parate Ramesh 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the second most common cause of mortality in humans every year occurring due to overconsumption of alcohol. The spectrum of ALD includes fatty liver/steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, steatohepatitis, chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The diagnosis of ALD can generally be made based on clinical and laboratory features alone in patients with a history of significant alcohol consumption. Prognostic scores such as Child-Pugh classification, MELD, MELD-Na, and Maddrey’s discriminant function (MDF) are used commonly to predict mortality in patients with ALD.The aim of the study is to evaluate the spectrum of liver diseases in alcoholic patients and factors predicting severity and prognosis in such patients.

Material and Methods:
This was a prospective, longitudinal and observational study conducted on 83 patients with ALD admitted in medicine inpatient department from January 2019 to December 2020. Demographic data, biochemical parameters, and clinical features of the patients were evaluated. From the data obtained prognostic scores of Child-Pugh classification, MELD, MELD-Na, and MDF were calculated. Patients were clinically evaluated and all the biochemical parameters and scores were assessed on admission and after the 7th and 30th days.

Results:
The majority of the patients were males (95.18%) with a mean age of 49.44 ± 7.67. The mean duration of hospital stay of the patients was 34.33 ± 12.98 and approximately 76% of the patients were still consuming alcohol at the time of hospitalisation. Jaundice and ascites were present in all 83 patients, and loss of appetite (85.5%) and nausea and vomiting (78.3%) were the most common clinical features. Complications such as hepatic encephalopathy (85.5%) and oesophageal varices (80.72%) were common on admission. MELD and MELD-Na score > 24 was found in 59 patients and discriminant function (DF) score was more than 32 in 81 patients. Mortality analysis showed that 6 (7.2%) patients died within 1 week of admission and MELD was found to be the best predictor of mortality compared to CTP, MELD-Na, and DF by 7 days. Thirty-two (38.5%) patients died within 30 days of admission. MELD-Na was found to be the best predictor of mortality compared to CTP, MELD, and DF by 30 days.

Conclusion:
The presence of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, high bilirubin, low albumin, high creatinine, high INR, and low sodium is found to be independent predictors of mortality. MELD and MELD-Na are good predictors of mortality over the short-term (7–30 days).
THE IMAGE OF MEXICO IN B. TRAVEN’S NOVEL «COTTON PICKERS»
Authors: Mandryko Olga 
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the components of the image of Mexico in the novel «Cotton pickers» («Die Baumwollpflücker», 1925) by German writer B. Traven. This research introduces «Cotton pickers» as the first artistic acquaintance with Mexico for the Ukrainian readers in the year 1930, and clarifies the place of the novel in the Ukrainian culture of that time. The author aims to analyze the novel «Cotton pickers» as a «laboratory» of Mexican imagery of the writer and to trace the transformations of the figurative representations of this country. Depicting his hero in constant motion in search of work, the writer creates a unique image of Mexico, which mutually reflects society and geography, human habits and animal behavior, working conditions and climate. The research investigates the topic of labor in the novel and analyzes the socio-political attitude of its author. The article describes different ethnical images, presented by B. Traven, such as Germans, French, Indians, Americans. The research determines the direction of thematic development of the novel: from the description of strikes and difficult working conditions to the apotheosis of the beauty of Mexico and its inhabitants. Images of cotton pickers, confectioners, waiters, cattle drivers as well as bandits and whores are considered. The article analyzes the writer’s style, characterized by detailed descriptions of places, food, dances, city orchestras, railway stations. The scientific article shows the leading topos of B. Traven’s novels, including Mexican landscapes, streets and squares of Tampico, hostel, train, oil production etc. It is argued that the theme of the novel is broader than its title: the author creates an anthem for the country, summarizing its image in the dimensions of love and glorification. The research concluded that the content of the German novel reflects its task in the Ukrainian culture of the time: to present a realistic, true, devoid of exotic story about the overseas country.
PECULIARITIES OF A FOREIGN LITERATURE TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Shtokhman Liliia M. 
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the issue of teaching foreign literature. The role of literature in a classroom has been re-assessed recently and many now view literary texts as providing rich linguistic input, effective stimuli for students to express themselves in other languages and a potential source of learner motivation. The literature used in classrooms today is no longer restricted to canonical texts from certain countries e.g. UK, USA, but includes the work of writers from a diverse range of countries and cultures using different forms of English. Literary texts can be studied in their original forms or in simplified or abridged versions. An increasing number of stories in English are written specifically for learners of other languages. Literary texts provide opportunities for multi-sensorial classroom experiences and can appeal to learners with different learning styles. Literary texts offer a rich source of linguistic input and can help learners to practise the four skills – speaking, listening, reading and writing – in addition to exemplifying grammatical structures and presenting new vocabulary. Teachers should be ready to provide a background for the reading to take place. In an ideal situation, the preparation would help motivate the student to want to read, and a bit of creative imagination would also be required here.
LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL MODELS OF NADIYKA GERBISH’S EPITHET CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Dudenko Olena V. 
Published: August 2022

The works of Nadiyka Gerbish, a young Ukrainian writer, have already gained recognition, but have little been studied. The article reveals the specifics of this author’s epithet constructions, in particular their lexical and grammatical models in the artistic discourse of short stories in the collection “Warm stories for coffee”. The article is based on a broad view of epithets considered not only as artistic definitions-adjectives that serve to describe objects (O. Veselovskyi, V. Zhyrmunskyi, V. Moskvin, etc.), but also as circumstances that “figuratively depict the action or the phenomenon or express an emotional attitude to them” (L. Matsko, and I. Arnold, L. Bulakhovskyi, O. Ponomariv, O. Selivanova, etc.). It is noted that in the writer’s artistic discourse the epithet-adjective is not the only model of expression, as the short stories of the collection contain epithets denoted by adverbs, nouns, noun-prepositional constructions, adjective and participial clauses. The study pay special attention to the epithets of the substantive nature known as occasional as they perform the function of attribute expressed by noun, as well as to constructions represented by nouns in genitive or instrumental case that function as uncoordinated attributes. The author often uses cross-cutting epithets (repeated many times in the same context), chains of epithet constructions (when one object is marked by two, three or more epithets that reinforce each other). It is stated that the writer applies permanent and free, common and the author’s epithets. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the writer’s epithet constructions allow to state that the epithet is one of the dominants of Nadiyka Gerbish’s idiostyle.
TARAS SHEVCHENKO’S IDEOLOGIC MAXIMS OF IN THE PERCEPTION OF DMYTRO DONTSOV
Authors: Mykytyuk Oksana 
Published: August 2022

The study analyzes D. Dontsov's deep interest in Ukrainian history, in particular Cossacks’ and the Hetmans’ times, and his search for ideas that are basic for the life of the state. One of the defining aspects of argumentation in Dontsov's texts are the individualі in whose views he found worldview kinship or saw complete incompatibility. The basis for the creation of D. Dontsov’s ideological guidelines is Taras Shevchenko personage. It is proved that the linguistic and political worldview of Dontsov's linguoperson is an ideological continuation of T. Shevchenko's thoughts. The article offers the following interpretation of the term “maxim”: an individual speech symbol, used mostly with a positive connotation, which the author presents as an ideological dominant. For example, the maxim ‘truth’ is important for building an independent state, the maxim ‘faith’ is a source of spirituality, the maxim ‘strength’ is revealed as an expression of the Cossack heroic past. It is important that T. Shevchenko and D. Dontsov advocate the worldview of struggle, and the maxim of ‘love’ is inextricably linked with Ukraine. It has been shown that both thinkers form a national spirit and inspire faith in God's providence. It is established that the figure of Shevchenko is the core for the formation of the D. Dontsov’s individual-authorial worldview. The urgency of Taras Shevchenko's ideological maxims through the prism of Dontsov's linguoperson makes it possible to learn from our history. On the basis of D. Dontsov's vivid journalism is reproduced the socio-political and cultural-historical background of the epoch, and the nation-building ideas on which the he relied in his culturological and national-philosophical works are shown.
PECULIARITIES OF VERBALIZATION OF A SEPARATE GUSTATORY COMPONENT IN A LITERARY TEXT
Authors: Shymanska Viktoriia 
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of lexical compounds with a component of synesthesia perception. The relevance of the intelligence is not disputed given that mental basis of the nomination cannot be narrowed to the interests of ethnolinguistics, as the nomination of qualitative categories reveals not only national specifics of the text, but must be considered through the prism of an individual cognition with its subjective and effective factors of world perception as a certain domain of the conceptual and linguistic view of the world of a particular ethnic group. The article emphasizes that the construction of lexical compounds with a component of taste (“sweet”) is based largely on a motivated secondary nomination, generated by the brainwork of an individual, who somehow absorbs into his language creativity basic definitions and concepts of his nation. It is proved that the loss of “gustativity” of lexical compounds with the component “sweet” is due to rethinking direct nomination by layering additional semantic nuances and associative series, resulting in new metaphorical combinations with a certain assessment of a particular phenomenon or fact, which most vividly express both the peculiarities of the national mentality and the specifics of the language personality. It is determined that synesthesia worldview contributes not only to the formation of non-standard ideas about the world around us, but also generates further in-depth interest of researchers from different fields of knowledge about the existence of the concept of “objective reality”; emphasizes the definition of facts, processes, actions, qualities and gives them an original qualitative feature; allows fine differentiation of human states; organizes unexpected principles of lexical cohesion of literary speech, which, in turn, certainly nourishes the language.
THE PHENOMENON OF TRANSITIONAL PARTS OF SPEECH IN MODERN UKRAINIAN GRAMMAR SCIENCE
Authors: Knight Nadiia 
Published: August 2022

All parts of speech belong to a single lexical and grammatical system, but are not closed categories of words – there are certain relationships and close connections between them. These natural relationships are manifested primarily in the transitions and transformations of one part of speech into another. Transients characterize the transformation in the system, the development of language, its life. Without them, the system would freeze, become immobile. In the modern Ukrainian language, as well as in other modern Slavic languages, there are many transitional phenomena. They cover the scope of almost all parts of speech. The problem of transition in the field of parts of speech is one of the most actual in modern linguistics. It originated in the XIX century, but linguists increased attention to it only in the twentieth century. Investigating the process of transition, scientists use different terms to denote it: transition (V. Vinogradov, A. Vostokov, N. Grech, G. Pavsky), transitionity (A. Bednyakov, N. Kalamova, M. Lukin), diachronic transformation (B Migirin, E. Sidorenko), transposition (O. Kim, V. Nikitevych), conversion (O. Smyrnytsky, V. Sobolev). Our research is based on the updated semantic-morphological-syntactic classification of parts of speech of functional-categorical grammar of I. R. Vykhovanets, as well as on productive theoretical ideas, which is the result of generalization of national and world linguistic achievements. Ivan Vykhovanets distinguishes three components of the process of transposition: transposed – the initial source form of the word, transpositor – a means of transition, transposite – a newly formed derivative form of the word, the result of the transition. Depending on the nature of changes in the word, and which transposer participated in the formation of a new word, researchers who support the studies of functional-category grammar, distinguish three main degrees of transposition (syntactic, morphological and semantic). The phenomenon of morphological transposition can be achieved by adding a morpheme or affix (affixation) or changing only the paradigm of the word without formal changes (conversion).
TRANSFORMATION OF EXISTENTIAL PHILOSOPHY IN FOREIGN LITERATURE OF THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE WORKS OF R. BACH AND P. COELHO)
Authors: Ozdemir Oksana 
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the issue of transformation of existential philosophical issues in foreign literature of the late 20th century, on the example of the works of R. Bach (“Jonathan Livingston Seagull”, “Illusions”) and P. Coelho (“The Alchemist”, “Veronika Decides to Die”) in particular. The specifics of the study of this problem in domestic and foreign literary criticism are analysed and the relevance and prospects of further research in this field are clarified since arising at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries existential issues continue to actively pulsate in foreign literature of the turn of 20th–21st centuries, serving as one of the unifying factors of the literature of modernism and postmodernism. Existentialists closely ask the question of how and in what sphere a person can find confidence, that is, to find his true purpose (being) and its meaning. This is the most important issue of humanity in all periods of its existence, but attention to it is increasing in transitional moments, moments of change, when the anxiety for the future, tomorrow is growing. It is in this transitional period of the turn of the twentieth and nineteenth centuries that R. Bach and P. Coelho wrote their works, intensifying this issue with them. In the works of R. Bach and P. Coelho the existential problems are pronounced, namely: the search for the truth of existence through the prism of their own existence, freedom of choice, responsibility for their choice, the existence of God, “borderline situation”, death and more. In each of them they are revealed in their own way. Both writers emphasize the importance of knowing one’s “Self”: R. Bach – through the constant pursuit of perfection, P. Coelho – through the realization of dreams, both ways, in their opinion, in fact, are “the way to yourself”. The difference between the views of both writers from the views of existentialists of the early 20th century mainly consists of a life-affirming, optimistic conception of man’s place in the world and how he perceives this world. R. Bach and P. Coelho insist that life can be what we want it to be.
Promosi Kesehatan Kasus Gizi Buruk dan Stunting pada Anak Usia 30 Bulan di Desa Punti Matang Kuli Kabupaten Aceh Utara Tahun 2022
Authors: Zara Noviana , Nadira Cut Sidrah , Mutia Cut Mulya , Siregar Dita Adhyaksa 
Published: August 2022

Gizi buruk adalah bentuk terparah dari proses terjadinya kekurangan gizi menahun. Di Indonesia, jumlah balita gizi buruk menurut Riskesdas 2018 masih sebesar 17.7%. Berbagai faktor mempengaruhi kejadian gizi buruk, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi kasus terhadap seorang balita berusia 30 bulan di desa Punti Matang Kuli Kabupaten Aceh Utara tahun 2022 dengan keluhan berat badan serta tinggi badan yang sulit naik. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan berat badan 8,65 kg serta panjang badan 80 cm, sehingga berdasarkan z-score didapatkan BB/U < dari -3SD (Gizi buruk), TB/U < dari -3SD (Sangat pendek), dan BB/T -3SD sampai dengan < - 2 SD (Kurus). Pasien diberikan tatalaksana secara promotif, preventif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif. Berdasarkan kasus didapatkan beberapa faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya gizi buruk dan stunting pada pasien yaitu status ekonomi, pendidikan orangtua, perilaku orangtua terhadap makanan, jumlah anggota keluarga, sanitasi rendah, dan berat badan lahir rendah.
Studi Kasus Stunting pada Usia 34 Bulan di Desa Cot Mee Puskesmas Nisam Kabupaten Aceh Utara Tahun 2022
Authors: Apriani Sri Reski , Aqsha Radhika Kharisma Dwi , Zara Noviana 
Published: August 2022

Status gizi adalah ukuran keberhasilan dalam pemenuhan nutrisi. Status gizi merupakan ekspresi dari keadaan keseimbangan dalam bentuk tertentu atau perwujudan dari nutriture (keadaan gizi) dalam bentuk variabel tertentu. Status gizi yang bermasalah akan menghambat laju perkembangan yang dialami individu, akibatnya proporsi struktur tubuh menjadi tidak sesuai dengan usianya yang pada akhirnya akan berimplikasi pada perkembangan aspek lainnya. Stunting menggambarkan status gizi kurang yang bersifat kronik pada masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sejak awal kehidupan. Global Nutrition Report menunjukkan Indonesia masukdalam 17 dari 117 negara, yang mempunyai tiga masalah gizi (Stunting, wasting dan overweight) pada balita. An. A, 34 bulan dengan tinggi badan yang sulit mengalami kenaikan sejak usia 12 bulan. Anak juga tampak lebih kecil dari teman seusianya. Temuan fisik didapatkan keadaan umum baik, composmentis, nadi 92x/menit, suhu 36,5oC, pernafasan 25x/menit, dan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium normal. Status gizi An. A adalah stunting dan gizi kurang dimana berat pasien 9,6 kg dan tinggi badan 78 cm. Pasien didiagnosis dengan stunting dan gizi kurang. Kemudian diberikan tatalaksana pemberian makanan tambahan serta tatalaksana nonfarmakologi. Dilakukan pemantauan home visit sebanyak 3 kali kunjungan dari tanggal 13 Mei hingga 19 Mei 2022, dan diberikan pemberian F-75 serta edukasi terkait dengan menu makanan yang sesuai dengan pedoman gizi seimbang, menjaga personal hygiene, dan penerapan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS).
Manajemen Anestesi Perioperatif
Authors: Putra Aji Prima , Millizia Anna , Akbar Muhammad Khalilul 
Published: August 2022

Manajemen anestesi perioperatif terbagi atas persiapan sebelum operasi, pelayanan intraoperatif (saat operasi berlangsung), dan pelayanan pascaoperasi. Manajemen anestesi preoperatif merupakan langkah awal dari rangkaian tindakan anestesi yang dilakukan terhadap pasien yang direncanakan untuk menjalani tindakan operatif. Manajemen anestesi intraoperatif dilakukan asesmen pra-induksi, induksi dan maintenance. Manajemen anestesi postoperatif merupakan penghentian obat anestesi dan stabilisasi pasien.
Survei Prevalensi Kejadian Asma Pada Anak Usia di Bawah 18 Tahun di Puskesmas Kota Lhokseumawe
Authors: Windiani Santri , Mauliza Mauliza , Khairunnisa Cut 
Published: August 2022

Asma merupakan suatu penyakit berupa peradangan kronis pada saluran napas. Hal ini menyebabkan timbulnya gejala pernapasan seperti mengi, sesak napas, sesak dada dan batuk yang bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu dan intens. Diagnosis asma telah meningkat secara eksponensial dan kejadian asma saat ini dianggap sebagai masalah kesehatan masyarakat global. Prevalensi asma yang didiagnosis dokter pada penduduk semua umur di Provinsi Aceh sebanyak 2,27%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai prevalensi kejadian asma pada anak usia di bawah 18 tahun di Puskesmas Kota Lhokseumawe. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif observasional, dengan responden adalah pasien asma anak sebanyak 30 orang dan pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner melalui wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian asma mayoritas didapatkan pada derajat persisten berat yaitu sebanyak 19 orang (63,3%), usia responden didapatkan pada remaja (>10-18 tahun) yaitu sebanyak 22 orang (73,3%) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki yaitu sebanyak 16 orang (53,3%).
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Profesi Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malikussaleh Tentang HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Pada Tahun 2022
Authors: Novita Raudah , Sahputri Juwita , Topik Mohamad Mimbar 
Published: August 2022

Penyakit infeksi HIV tetap menjadi masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat yang mempengaruhi jutaan orang di seluruh dunia. Penyakit ini merupakan salah satu penyakit menular. Kurangnya kesadaran akan pencegahan menyebabkan meningkatkan kerentangan penularan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap mahasiswa program studi pendidikan profesi Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malikussaleh tentang HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia pada tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan September 2021-Juni 2022 di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling dengan jumlah 154 orang. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan mayoritas karakteristik responden adalah kelompok masa Rentang umur 20-25 tahun (98,7%), jenis kelamin perempuan (74,7%) dan perolehan informasi pendidikan HIV/AIDS (100,0%). Pengetahuan terbanyak dengan pengetahuan yang baik (69,5%) dan sikap yang baik (63,6%). Peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap dalam bentuk promosi kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pencegahan penyakit HIV/AIDS.