bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillometry: A substitute of spirometry in children with neuromuscular diseases?
Authors: Veldhoen Esther S. , Roos Johan H. , Bekkema Rolien , van der Pol Ludo W. , Tinnevelt Marcel H. B. , Verweij‐van den Oudenrijn Laura P. , Wösten‐van Asperen Roelie M. , Hulzebos Erik H. J. , Wijngaarde Camiel A. , van der Ent Cornelis K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSpirometry plays an important role in the assessment of possible respiratory failure in children with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). However, obtaining reliable spirometry results is a major challenge. We studied the relation between oscillometry and spirometry results. Oscillometry is an easy, noninvasive method to measure respiratory resistance R and reactance X. We hypothesized an increased R and reduced X in patients with more reduced lung function.MethodsIn this prospective single‐center study, we included all children with NMDs able to perform spirometry. We consecutively measured R and X at 5, 11, and 19 Hz and (forced) vital capacity, peak expiratory flow. Spearman correlation coefficients and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Regression curves were estimated.ResultsWe included 148 patients, median age 13 years (interquartile range: 8–16). A negative correlation was found between R and spirometry outcomes (Spearman correlation coefficient [ρ]: −0.5 to −0.6, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between X (i.e., less negative outcomes) and spirometry outcomes (ρ: 0.4–0.6, p < 0.001). Highest correlation was found at lower frequencies. Regression analysis showed a nonlinear relation. Measurement of inspiratory and expiratory R and X did not provide added value. Positive predictive values of 80%–85% were found for z‐scores of R measured at 5 Hz versus (F)VC ≤ 60%.ConclusionWe found a nonlinear relation between oscillometry and spirometry results with increased R and reduced X in patients with more restrictive lung function decline. Given the difficulties with performing spirometry, oscillometry may be a promising substitute.
Indocyanine green colonic perfusion demonstration following robotic da Vinci X inferior mesenteric artery ligation for the treatment of type II endoleak
Authors: Lambert Joel , Al Majid Sulaymaan , Salaman Robert , Gavan Duncan , Sheikh Adnan , Gill Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe describe the technical operative details of the robotic repair of a type II endoleak (T2E) following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). We demonstrate that indocyanine green (ICG) can be used intra‐operatively to demonstrate perfusion of the colon following ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) vessel feeding the aneurysm sac.MethodsA 74‐year old male underwent EVAR for a 5.8 cm infra‐renal abdominal aortic aneurysm using an E‐Tegra, Jotec Device (JOTEC Gmb, Lotzenäcker 23,D‐72379 Hechingen). Surveillance contrast CT (CTA) over the ensuing 30 months confirmed progressive sac expansion.ResultsICG confirmed colonic perfusion via the marginals after IMA ligation. Total operative time 56 min < 50 mls blood loss and 1‐day hospital stay. 3‐month follow‐up: CTA and ultrasound demonstrated complete resolution of T2E and adequately perfused colon.ConclusionA total robotic approach can be performed safely with intra‐operative ICG used to demonstrate colonic perfusion as an added safety measure.
Highly Active MgP Catalyst for Biodiesel Production and Polyethylene Terephthalate Depolymerization
Authors: Gangotena Pablo A. , Ponce Sebastian , Gallo‐Córdova Álvaro , Streitwieser Daniela Almeida , Mora José R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA highly active heterogeneous catalyst was designed and employed for two relevant transesterification reactions. i. e. biodiesel production and depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The material was prepared in the presence of pectin by the co‐precipitation method followed by calcination at 600 °C (MgP). MgP is efficient for biodiesel production, with a yield of ≈99 % in 6 h/65 °C, and with a molar ratio methanol: oil of 21 : 1. The reference material (MgR, prepared in absence of pectin) showed a poor catalytic performance in the same experimental conditions. For the methanolysis of PET, 100 % PET conversion was obtained with 3 wt % catalyst, 200 : 1 methanol: PET molar ratio at milder conditions 160 °C/4 h, compared to a 33 % conversion without the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst showed remarkable stability and negligible deactivation after five consecutive runs. Materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, IR, TGA, and BET.
Coacervate Microcapsules of Citrus aurantifolia Essential Oil (LOs): Optimization and Their Antibacterial Activity Study
Authors: Julaeha Euis , Eddy Diana R. , Wahyudi Tatang , Ningsih Bibah A. , Nurzaman Mohamad , Permadi Nandang , Herlina Tati , Anshori Jamaludin Al 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOptimization of microcapsule shell to preserve Citrus aurantifolia lime oil (LOs), employing a coacervation method, and their inhibition against bacteria was conducted. Pre‐optimization of the microcapsule properties was evaluated from three types of shell combination; alginate/gelatin (A/G), gum arabic/gelatin (GA/G), and gum arabic/chitosan (GA/C). The best pairs were further improved for their ratios ranged from 1 : 3, 1 : 3.25, 1 : 3.5, 1 : 3.75, and 1 : 4. The performance of microcapsules was evaluated based on yield, oil content, encapsulation efficiency, particle size and distribution, morphology, and release kinetic. Additionally, antibacterial activity was subsequently performed using the Kirby Bauer method. The result showed that the LOs were effectively coated by alginate/gelatin (1 : 3.75) with yield, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and oil content (OC) of 48±1 %, 90±10 %, and 58±7 %, respectively. The spherical microcapsules were homogenously well distributed with an average particle size of 1.802±0.082 μm. Avrami's kinetic model revealed a first‐order kinetic mechanism of LOs release (k=1.1 ×10−4 s−1). The LOs microcapsules exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus. Thereby, the LOs microcapsules were potentially applied in the field of health, food, and textile as an antibacterial agent.
Tunable Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde by Capped Pt/Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Wang Tengda , Zhang Mingwei , Wang Qingfa , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Li Guozhu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of catalysts containing Pt or Pd nanoparticles (NPs) jointly regulated by cytidine (Cs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) have been prepared for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL). The Pt/Pd NPs were supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different structures for promoting catalytic activity and tuning product selectivity. The synergistic effect of Cs and PVP on Pt/Pd surface promotes hydrogenation activity. The synergy between Pd NPs and multi‐walled CNTs with the diameter of <8 nm greatly promoted the hydrogenation of C=C bond in CAL. The synergy between Pt NPs and single‐walled CNTs with the diameter of <2 nm effectively enhanced the hydrogenation of C=O bond in CAL. These synergistic effects are attributed to the suitable size and exposed (111) facets of metal NPs, the transfer of electrons and the interaction between metal and support.
Substituted Tetrahydronaphthalen‐1‐yl‐phenethyl Ureas: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluations
Authors: Akbaba Yusuf , Kacı Fatma Necmiye , Göksu Süleyman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMulti‐target drug discovery is one of the most important objectives in the treatment of carcinogenesis because of the different outcomes of the disease such as bacterial infections due to impaired immune systems. Therefore, a series of new urea derivatives were synthesized to acquire both anti‐proliferative and antimicrobial properties that can be used in chemotherapy. The anti‐cancer and anti‐microbial properties of synthesized urea compounds were investigated on the HeLa cancer line and multiple bacterial strains via using WST‐8 and disc diffusion methods. In anticancer investigations against the HeLa cell line, one synthesized urea derivative exhibited the best activity (IC50: 58.9 μM), which showed up to 8 times less toxic effect (SI: 8.5) against the non‐cancerous human dermal fibroblast (PCS201‐012) cell line. Additionally, some urea derivatives showed antibacterial activities against Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA with the lowest MIC values. The MIC value obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was at the level of μM for all urea derivatives and was calculated as 7.8125 μM. As a result, some synthesized urea derivatives may be considered as multipotent drug formulations with antibacterial and anticancer properties.
Isolation and Characterization of a Flavonoid and a Neolignan from Silybum marianum: In‐vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation
Authors: Nawaz Aisha , Zaib Sumera , Ahmad Abrar , Riaz Tanzeela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSilybum marianum, a remarkable medicinal plant displays multifarious medicinal properties including anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial and cosmeceutical properties. The promising antiproliferative potential of S. marianum demands further exploitation of bioactive compounds responsible for its medicinal properties. In the current study, Silybin B and (±)‐trans‐dehydrodiferulate dimethyl ester were isolated from S. marianum and characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The antiproliferative activity of isolated compounds was investigated by sulforhodamine B assay against HeLa, HepG2 and BHK21 cell lines. Flow cytometery, DAPI, reactive oxygen species accumulation and comet assays were performed to validate the cytotoxic effect of potent compounds. Silybin B was more potent anticancer agent with an IC50 value of 23.85±5.98 μg/mL and 21.07±4.16 μg/mL against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines, respectively. The findings of all assays confirmed its apoptotic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on HeLa cells.
Synthesis of [99Tc(CO)6]+ Cation under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Sakhonenkova Anna P. , Slastihina Polina V. , Sidorenko Georgii V. , Tyupina Margarita Yu. , Miroslavov Alexander E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTechnetium(I) and rhenium(I) hexacarbonyl cations were prepared for the first time at atmospheric pressure and room temperature by treatment of dichloromethane or chloroform solutions of [99TcBr(CO)5] and [ReCl(CO)5] with carbon monoxide in the presence of dry aluminum trichloride. The yield was 17.0 % and 3.1 %, respectively.
Effect of the Japanese herbal drug rikkunshito for the treatment of malnutrition in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Seo Masahiro , Watanabe Tetsuya , Yamada Takahisa , Morita Takashi , Kawasaki Masato , Kikuchi Atsushi , Kawai Tsutomu , Nakamura Jun , Kayama Kiyomi , Ueda Kunpei , Sakamoto Daisuke , Kogame Takehiro , Tamura Yuto , Fujita Takeshi , Nishigaki Keisuke , Kokubu Yuki , Fukuda Yuto , Fukunami Masatake 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimAlthough malnutrition is an important prognostic factor in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), no effective treatment for malnutrition has been established. Rikkunshito (RKT) is a Japanese herbal drug that has been used in daily practice for patients with loss of appetite. However, no data have demonstrated whether or not RKT can improve the body composition in patients with CHF. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of RKT on the nutritional status of patients with CHF.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective observational study included 14 patients with CHF and loss of appetite who were treated with RKT. Body mass index (BMI) and body composition including fat‐free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were measured by the bioimpedance method. Body composition was measured at baseline and 12 weeks later. The primary endpoint was the change of BMI and body composition.ResultsBMI was significantly improved from 23.7 (20.0–26.1) kg/m2 to 24.2 (20.3–27.3) kg/m2 (p = 0.0494). FFMI was significantly improved from 13.7 (11.3–14.9) kg/m2 to 14.2 (12.0–15.7) kg/m2 (p = 0.0002). SMI was also improved from 5.0 (3.0–6.2) kg/m2 to 5.3 (3.3–6.8) kg/m2 (p = 0.0085). On the other hand, FMI was not significantly changed (9.4 (7.2–12.0) kg/m2 to 10.3 (7.9–12.0) kg/m2, p = 0.8552).ConclusionThe Japanese herbal drug RKT was effective in improving the nutritional status of patients with CHF.
Beyond Labels and Agendas: Research Teachers need to Know about Phonics and Phonological Awareness
Authors: Mesmer Heidi Anne , Kambach Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTeachers are asked to use reading science to inform how they teach phonics and phonological awareness. As teachers look to the research base to guide their practice, some questions and concerns regarding what best practice looks like have come up. This article starts with a brief description of phonics and phonemic awareness and then discusses topics of issue in a developmental order, addressing phonemic awareness, phonics, and morphology. Current research is used to discuss 10 questions teachers are asking as they navigate applying reading research in the classroom.
In situ investigation of synchrotron radiation damage effect of ancient paintings by time‐resolved ED‐XAS and IR combined techniques
Authors: Zhang Zuning , Liu Zhen , Jiang Yong , Zhu Huachun , Ji Te , Wang Jie , Chen Min , Peng Weiwei , Wang Lihua , Wei Xiangjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdvanced synchrotron radiation light is a powerful tool for archaeometry research. However, its applications to precious cultural relics, especially for color painting, have been hindered to some degree due to potential X‐ray radiation damage. Compared to inorganic mineral pigments, organic binders in the painting are easier to be damaged by synchrotron radiation X‐ray beam. The radiation damage effect of two typical painting samples, pure rabbit skin glue and the mixed sample of rabbit skin glue and zinc white, has been investigated by in situ time‐resolved ED‐XAS and IR combined techniques. The results show that the radiation damage effect of pure rabbit skin glue is more serious at low X‐ray energy (7775 eV). The radiation damage effect of the mixed sample increases significantly due to more X‐ray absorption by inorganic pigments. Furthermore, the radiation damage is more serious at the energy near Zn K‐edge and is somewhat slight at higher energy (13,054 eV). These damages are more obvious from the point of view of protein secondary structures. The irradiation damage effects increase more rapidly at the beginning and are not linear with the irradiating time. The results indicate that synchrotron radiation damage can be reduced effectively by using X‐ray energy far away from the X‐ray absorption edge of the major element in the pigments during XRF, XRD and CT experiments, or by using time‐resolved techniques such as QXAFS and ED‐XAS during XAFS experiments.
Numerical investigation for augmentation of performance of solar absorber utilizing perforated tape and nanomaterial
Authors: Rothan Yahya Ali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrent work presents the application innovative shape of twisted tape including barriers and holes. This disturber device has been installed inside the absorber tube of solar system and such barriers helps to increment of swirl flow and appearance of holes decrease the resistance of fluid flow. Turbulent regime has been presumed for current usage and finite volume technique has been developed for this problem. Involving the hybrid nanoparticles within the water makes the properties of nanomaterial to increase and correlations based of experimental outputs were applied for predicting the features of carrier fluid. Impacts of height of barrier and number of revolution as well as inlet velocity has been depicted in outputs with considering constant value of heat flux over the top surface. Besides, variable heat flux effect has been utilized to show the behavior of system at various time stages of the day. Involving longer barrier makes the swirl flow to rise and temperature of outer wall decreases. As revolution of disturber tape elevates, the residence time grows and stronger secondary flow can be generated.
Purification Protocol
Authors: Pfahler V. , Adu-Gyamfi J. , O’Connell D. , Tamburini F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe five stepwise purification of extracts and final precipitation of silver phosphate (A1–A5) are described. The first two steps (A1 and A2) are removing organic matter and are concentrating the phosphate in the extract by reducing the volume. Certain cations could interfere with the precipitation of silver phosphate and are removed in step A3. Silver chloride, which, if not removed, could co-precipitate with silver phosphate, is removed in step A4. The final analyte is then precipitated in step A5. The filtration steps can be quite tedious, using vacuum filtration equipment is therefore recommended. Following step A5, the silver phosphate samples need to be weighed in for the measurement with a thermal conversion elemental analyser (TC/EA) coupled to a continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS).
Interpreting and Improving Deep-Learning Models with Reality Checks
Authors: Singh Chandan , Ha Wooseok , Yu Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent deep-learning models have achieved impressive predictive performance by learning complex functions of many variables, often at the cost of interpretability. This chapter covers recent work aiming to interpret models by attributing importance to features and feature groups for a single prediction. Importantly, the proposed attributions assign importance to interactions between features, in addition to features in isolation. These attributions are shown to yield insights across real-world domains, including bio-imaging, cosmology image and natural-language processing. We then show how these attributions can be used to directly improve the generalization of a neural network or to distill it into a simple model. Throughout the chapter, we emphasize the use of reality checks to scrutinize the proposed interpretation techniques. (Code for all methods in this chapter is available at "Image missing"github.com/csinvaand "Image missing"github.com/Yu-Group, implemented in PyTorch [54]).
A Whale’s Tail - Finding the Right Whale in an Uncertain World
Authors: Marcos Diego , Kierdorf Jana , Cheeseman Ted , Tuia Devis , Roscher Ribana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExplainable machine learning and uncertainty quantification have emerged as promising approaches to check the suitability and understand the decision process of a data-driven model, to learn new insights from data, but also to get more information about the quality of a specific observation. In particular, heatmapping techniques that indicate the sensitivity of image regions are routinely used in image analysis and interpretation. In this paper, we consider a landmark-based approach to generate heatmaps that help derive sensitivity and uncertainty information for an application in marine science to support the monitoring of whales. Single whale identification is important to monitor the migration of whales, to avoid double counting of individuals and to reach more accurate population estimates. Here, we specifically explore the use of fluke landmarks learned as attention maps for local feature extraction and without other supervision than the whale IDs. These individual fluke landmarks are then used jointly to predict the whale ID. With this model, we use several techniques to estimate the sensitivity and uncertainty as a function of the consensus level and stability of localisation among the landmarks. For our experiments, we use images of humpback whale flukes provided by the Kaggle Challenge “Humpback Whale Identification” and compare our results to those of a whale expert.
Interpreting Generative Adversarial Networks for Interactive Image Generation
Authors: Zhou Bolei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSignificant progress has been made by the advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for image generation. However, there lacks enough understanding of how a realistic image is generated by the deep representations of GANs from a random vector. This chapter gives a summary of recent works on interpreting deep generative models. The methods are categorized into the supervised, the unsupervised, and the embedding-guided approaches. We will see how the human-understandable concepts that emerge in the learned representation can be identified and used for interactive image generation and editing.
Prime Test
Authors: Zheng Zhiyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the RSA algorithm in the previous chapter, we see that the decomposition of large prime factors constitutes the basis of RSA cryptosystem security. Theoretically, this security should not be questioned, because there is only the definition of prime in mathematics, and there is no general method to detect prime. The main purpose of this chapter is to introduce some basic prime test methods, including Fermat test, Euler test, Monte Carlo method, continued fraction method, etc. understanding the content of this chapter requires some special number theory knowledge.
About the Landau-Fermi-Dirac Equation With Moderately Soft Potentials
Authors: Alonso R. , Bagland V. , Desvillettes L. , Lods B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present some essential properties of solutions to the homogeneous Landau-Fermi-Dirac equation for moderately soft potentials. Uniform in time estimates for statistical moments, $$L^{p}$$

L
p

-norm generation and Sobolev regularity are shown using a combination of techniques that include recent developments concerning level set analysis in the spirit of De Giorgi and refined entropy-entropy dissipation functional inequalities for the Landau collision operator which are extended to the case in question here. As a consequence of the analysis, we prove algebraic relaxation of non degenerate distributions towards the Fermi-Dirac statistics under a weak non saturation condition for the initial datum. All quantitative estimates are uniform with respect to the quantum parameter. They therefore also hold for the classical limit, that is, the Landau equation.
On the structure of $$\mathrm {RCD}$$ spaces with upper curvature bounds
Authors: Kapovitch Vitali , Kell Martin , Ketterer Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe develop a structure theory for $$\mathrm {RCD}$$
RCD
spaces with curvature bounded above in Alexandrov sense. In particular, we show that any such space is a topological manifold with boundary whose interior is equal to the set of regular points. Further the set of regular points is a smooth manifold and is geodesically convex. Around regular points there are $$\mathrm {DC}$$
DC
coordinates and the distance is induced by a continuous $$\mathrm {BV}$$
BV
Riemannian metric.