bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systems framework for planning and evaluating capacity development in conservation: recommendations for practitioners
Authors: Porzecanski Ana L. , Sterling Eleanor J. , Copsey Jamieson A. , Appleton Michael R. , Barborak James R. , Bruyere Brett L. , Bynum Nora , Farmer Kay H. , Finchum Ryan , Rakotobe Domoina , Stanoss Ricardo B. , Valdés-Velásquez Armando 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCapacity development is increasingly recognized as central to conservation goals. Efforts to develop individual, organizational and societal capacity underpin direct investments in biodiversity conservation and natural resource management, and sustain their impact over time. In the face of urgent needs and increasingly complex contexts for conservation the sector not only needs more capacity development, it needs new approaches to capacity development. The sector is embracing the dynamic relationships between the ecological, political, social and economic dimensions of conservation. Capacity development practitioners should ensure that individuals, organizations and communities are prepared to work effectively in these complex environments of constant change to transform the systems that drive biodiversity loss and unsustainable, unequitable resource use. Here we advocate for a systems view of capacity development. We propose a conceptual framework that aligns capacity development components with all stages of conservation efforts, fosters attention to context, and coordinates with parallel efforts to engage across practitioners and sectors for more systemic impact. Furthermore, we highlight a need for practitioners to target, measure and support vital elements of capacity that have traditionally received less attention, such as values and motivation, leadership and organizational culture, and governance and participation by using approaches from psychology, the social sciences and systems thinking. Drawing from conservation and other sectors, we highlight examples of approaches that can support reflective practice, so capacity development practitioners can better understand the factors that favour or hinder effectiveness of interventions and influence system-wide change.
The First Characterization of Fog Microphysics in the United Arab Emirates, an Arid Region on the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Weston Michael , Francis Diana , Nelli Narendra , Fonseca Ricardo , Temimi Marouane , Addad Yacine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFog microphysics characteristics play an important role in fog life cycle, radiation and visibility. Measurements of fog microphysics are important in understanding these processes and improving existing model parameterization schemes. From 28 January to 17 February 2021, we carried out the first measurements of fog microphysics in the arid region of the United Arab Emirates and present initial results in this paper. Five events occurred, the longest lasting about 4 hr 28 min and the remaining lasting 2 hr or less. In this study, the meteorological conditions at synoptic scale associated with the formation of fog, are presented as well as the microphysics characteristics of fog. Maximum cloud droplet count ranged from 80 to 700 cc, Liquid Water Content (LWC) from 0.06 to 0.58 g m−3 and the Median Volume Diameter reached 25 μm in all the cases. The estimated Liquid Water Path reached a maximum of 100 g m−2. The size distribution was bimodal for all visibility classes of mist, fog and thick fog with modes at around 4.5 μm and between 22 and 25 μm. The droplet size distribution broadened as the mature phase progressed, demonstrating a decrease in droplets in the 6–16 μm range and an increase in droplets above 19 μm. During the mature stage, droplet growth was observed with no associated decrease in LWC, suggesting growth by collision and coalescence was occurring. However, LWC did increase concurrently suggesting droplet growth by condensation was also taking place.
Subduction Initiation at the Solomon Back‐Arc Basin: Contributions From Both Island Arc Rheological Strength and Oceanic Plateau Collision
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Dai Liming , Gong Wei , Li Sanzhong , Jiang Xiaodian , Foulger Gillian , Dong Hao , Li Zhong‐Hai , Yu Shengyao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is generally accepted that the subduction polarity reversal (SPR) results from the strong collision of two plates. Yet, the SPR of the Solomon Back‐arc Basin is started in the “soft docking” stage, and the mechanism by which the “soft docking” induced subduction initiation (SI) remains elusive. We find that the mass depletion of the plateau influences the evolution of the subduction patterns during SI. And the island arc rheological strength affects the development of the shear zone between an island arc and back‐arc basin which favors SI. What's more, with the increase of the rheological strength difference, the SI is more easily to occur, and the contribution of the plateau collision to SI weakens. Hence, by combining the available geological evidence, we suggest that the Solomon Island Arc rheological strength and the Ontong‐Java plateau collision jointly controlled the SI during the “soft docking” stage.
Shallow Aseismic Slip in the Delaware Basin Determined by Sentinel‐1 InSAR
Authors: Pepin K. S. , Ellsworth W. L. , Sheng Y. , Zebker H. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Delaware Basin, Texas is currently a hot‐spot of induced seismicity and ground deformation due to fluid extraction and injection associated with horizontal drilling techniques; however, the driving mechanism behind the seismicity and deformation remains under debate. Using vertical and east‐west horizontal surface deformation measurements derived from Sentinel‐1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), we show that the subsurface responds differently to oil and gas activity in the northern and southeastern portions of the basin. In the north, where there is little seismicity, deformation patterns display long‐wavelengths and equidimensional patterns. In contrast, the southeast region hosts most of the seismicity and displays spatial deformation patterns with narrow linear features that strike parallel to the maximum principal horizontal stress and to trends in seismicity, suggesting movement along normal faults. We model a linear deformation feature using edge dislocations and show that the InSAR observations can be reproduced by slip on normal faults contained within the Delaware Mountain Group (DMG), the formation that hosts local wastewater injection and the majority of earthquakes. Our model consists of three parallel, high‐angle normal faults, with two dipping toward one another in a graben structure. Slip magnitudes reach up to 25 cm and are spatially correlated with injection wells. Measured seismicity can only explain ∼2% of the fault motion predicted by our fault model, suggesting that slip leading to the deformation is predominantly aseismic. We conclude that seismic and aseismic fault motion in the southeastern Delaware Basin is likely driven by wastewater injection near critically‐stressed normal faults within the DMG.
Understanding the Influence of Meteorology and Emission Sources on PM2.5 Mass Concentrations Across India: First Results From the COALESCE Network
Authors: Maheshwarkar Prem , Ralhan Akarsh , Sunder Raman Ramya , Tibrewal Kushal , Venkataraman Chandra , Dhandapani Abisheg , Kumar R. Naresh , Mukherjee Sauryadeep , Chatterje Abhijit , Rabha Shahadev , Saikia Binoy K , Bhardwaj Ankur , Chaudhary Pooja , Sinha Baerbel , Lokhande Pradnya , Phuleria Harish C. , Roy Sayantee , Imran Mohd. , Habib Gazala , Azharuddin Hashmi M. , Qureshi Asif , Qadri Adnan Mateen , Gupta Tarun , Lian Yang , Pandithurai G. , Prasad Laxmi , Murthy Sadashiva , Deswal Meena , Laura Jitender S. , Chhangani Anil Kumar , Najar Tanveer Ahmad , Jehangir Arshid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts (COALESCE) is a multi‐institutional Indian network project to better understand carbonaceous aerosol induced air quality and climate effects. This study presents time synchronized measurements of surface PM2.5 concentrations made during 2019 at 11 COALESCE sites across India. The network median PM2.5 concentration was 42 μg m−3 with the highest median value at Rohtak (99 μg m−3) and the lowest median value at Mysuru (26 μg m−3). The influence of six meteorological parameters on PM2.5 were evaluated. Causality analysis suggested that temperature, surface pressure, and relative humidity were the most important factors influencing fine PM mass, on an annual as well as seasonal scale. Further, a multivariable linear regression model showed that, on an annual basis, meteorology could explain 16%–41% of PM2.5 variability across the network. Concentration Weighted Trajectories (CWT) together with the results of causality analysis revealed common regional sources affecting PM2.5 concentrations at multiple regional sites. Further, CWT source locations for all sites across the network correlated with the SMoG‐India emissions inventory at the 95th percentile confidence. Finally, CWT maps in conjunction with emissions inventory were used to obtain quantitative estimates of anthropogenic primary PM2.5 sectoral shares from a mass‐meteorology‐emissions reconciliation, for all 11 pan‐India network sites. These estimates can help guide immediate source reduction and mitigation actions at the national level.
Modular Link Level Simulator for the Physical Layer of Beyond 5G Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Eckhardt Johannes M. , Herold Christoph , Jung Bo Kum , Dreyer Nils , Kürner Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe low THz band is a promising candidate to enable data rates of up to 1 Tbit/s. To develop suitable communications systems, novel simulation approaches are needed that account for the specifics of the evolving technology. This article presents a modular link level simulator for the physical layer of beyond‐5G and 6G wireless communication systems in the THz range. The simulator, that is oriented toward the IEEE Std 802.15.3d‐2017 is contrasted to the state of the art of physical layer simulation tools. Its concept and basic building blocks are presented and the simulator is validated by channel simulations considering an AWGN channel model. Moreover, it is applied to a top‐of‐rack scenario in a wirelessly augmented data center. Different parameter sets are compared showing that a LOS condition and sufficient transmit power are a prerequisite in order to profit from the large bandwidth in the low THz range. The extensive data set of simulation results serves as input for future studies with higher layer simulation tools.
Formation of Negative J ⋅ E′ in the Outer Electron Diffusion Region During Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Xiong Q. Y. , Huang S. Y. , Zhou M. , Yuan Z. G. , Deng X. H. , Jiang K. , Wei Y. Y. , Xu S. B. , Zhang J. , Zhang Z. H. , Yu L. , Lin R. T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that positive energy dissipation J ⋅ E′ from the fields to the plasmas occurs in the electron diffusion region (EDR) during magnetic reconnection. There also exists negative J ⋅ E′ in the outer EDR, but what causes such negative J ⋅ E′ is still unclear. In the present study, we applied 2.5‐D particle‐in‐cell simulation to investigate what causes the negative J ⋅ E′ in the outer EDR through generalized Ohm's law. It is found that the region of negative J ⋅ E′ expands in space with the evolution of magnetic reconnection, and the embodiment of negative J ⋅ E′ is dominated by the electron inertial term in the generalized Ohm's law due to the deceleration of the electrons in the outer EDR. This deceleration is caused by the opposite electric field compared with the ones in the inner EDR. And the opposite electric field is induced by the newly reconnected magnetic field lines in the outer EDR. Our results give a new perspective of energy transformation between the fields and the plasmas during magnetic reconnection.
The WID-BC-index identifies women with primary poor prognostic breast cancer based on DNA methylation in cervical samples
Authors: Barrett James E. , Herzog Chiara , Jones Allison , Leavy Olivia C. , Evans Iona , Knapp Susanne , Reisel Daniel , Nazarenko Tatiana , Kim Yoo-Na , Franchi Dorella , Ryan Andy , Franks Joanna , Bjørge Line , Zikan Michal , Cibula David , Harbeck Nadia , Colombo Nicoletta , Dudbridge Frank , Jones Louise , Sundström Karin , Dillner Joakim , Rådestad Angelique Flöter , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Pashayan Nora , Widschwendter Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenetic and non-genetic factors contribute to breast cancer development. An epigenome-based signature capturing these components in easily accessible samples could identify women at risk. Here, we analyse the DNA methylome in 2,818 cervical, 357 and 227 matched buccal and blood samples respectively, and 42 breast tissue samples from women with and without breast cancer. Utilising cervical liquid-based cytology samples, we develop the DNA methylation-based Women’s risk IDentification for Breast Cancer index (WID-BC-index) that identifies women with breast cancer with an AUROC (Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic) of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.80–0.88) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76–0.86) in internal and external validation sets, respectively. CpGs at progesterone receptor binding sites hypomethylated in normal breast tissue of women with breast cancer or in BRCA mutation carriers are also hypomethylated in cervical samples of women with poor prognostic breast cancer. Our data indicate that a systemic epigenetic programming defect is highly prevalent in women who develop breast cancer. Further studies validating the WID-BC-index may enable clinical implementation for monitoring breast cancer risk.
The mouse metallomic landscape of aging and metabolism
Authors: Morel Jean-David , Sauzéat Lucie , Goeminne Ludger J. E. , Jha Pooja , Williams Evan , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Aebersold Ruedi , Auwerx Johan , Balter Vincent 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrganic elements make up 99% of an organism but without the remaining inorganic bioessential elements, termed the metallome, no life could be possible. The metallome is involved in all aspects of life, including charge balance and electrolytic activity, structure and conformation, signaling, acid-base buffering, electron and chemical group transfer, redox catalysis energy storage and biomineralization. Here, we report the evolution with age of the metallome and copper and zinc isotope compositions in five mouse organs. The aging metallome shows a conserved and reproducible fingerprint. By analyzing the metallome in tandem with the phenome, metabolome and proteome, we show networks of interactions that are organ-specific, age-dependent, isotopically-typified and that are associated with a wealth of clinical and molecular traits. We report that the copper isotope composition in liver is age-dependent, extending the existence of aging isotopic clocks beyond bulk organic elements. Furthermore, iron concentration and copper isotope composition relate to predictors of metabolic health, such as body fat percentage and maximum running capacity at the physiological level, and adipogenesis and OXPHOS at the biochemical level. Our results shed light on the metallome as an overlooked omic layer and open perspectives for potentially modulating cellular processes using careful and selective metallome manipulation.
Lima1 mediates the pluripotency control of membrane dynamics and cellular metabolism
Authors: Duethorn Binyamin , Groll Fabian , Rieger Bettina , Drexler Hannes C. A. , Brinkmann Heike , Kremer Ludmila , Stehling Martin , Borowski Marie-Theres , Mildner Karina , Zeuschner Dagmar , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena , Stemmler Marc P. , Busch Karin B. , Vaquerizas Juan M. , Bedzhov Ivan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLima1 is an extensively studied prognostic marker of malignancy and is also considered to be a tumour suppressor, but its role in a developmental context of non-transformed cells is poorly understood. Here, we characterise the expression pattern and examined the function of Lima1 in mouse embryos and pluripotent stem cell lines. We identify that Lima1 expression is controlled by the naïve pluripotency circuit and is required for the suppression of membrane blebbing, as well as for proper mitochondrial energetics in embryonic stem cells. Moreover, forcing Lima1 expression enables primed mouse and human pluripotent stem cells to be incorporated into murine pre-implantation embryos. Thus, Lima1 is a key effector molecule that mediates the pluripotency control of membrane dynamics and cellular metabolism.
Generation of the organotypic kidney structure by integrating pluripotent stem cell-derived renal stroma
Authors: Tanigawa Shunsuke , Tanaka Etsuko , Miike Koichiro , Ohmori Tomoko , Inoue Daisuke , Cai Chen-Leng , Taguchi Atsuhiro , Kobayashi Akio , Nishinakamura Ryuichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrgans consist of the parenchyma and stroma, the latter of which coordinates the generation of organotypic structures. Despite recent advances in organoid technology, induction of organ-specific stroma and recapitulation of complex organ configurations from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have remained challenging. By elucidating the in vivo molecular features of the renal stromal lineage at a single-cell resolution level, we herein establish an in vitro induction protocol for stromal progenitors (SPs) from mouse PSCs. When the induced SPs are assembled with two differentially induced parenchymal progenitors (nephron progenitors and ureteric buds), the completely PSC-derived organoids reproduce the complex kidney structure, with multiple types of stromal cells distributed along differentiating nephrons and branching ureteric buds. Thus, integration of PSC-derived lineage-specific stroma into parenchymal organoids will pave the way toward recapitulation of the organotypic architecture and functions.
A neural circuit linking learning and sleep in Drosophila long-term memory
Authors: Lei Zhengchang , Henderson Kristin , Keleman Krystyna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnimals retain some but not all experiences in long-term memory (LTM). Sleep supports LTM retention across animal species. It is well established that learning experiences enhance post-learning sleep. However, the underlying mechanisms of how learning mediates sleep for memory retention are not clear. Drosophila males display increased amounts of sleep after courtship learning. Courtship learning depends on Mushroom Body (MB) neurons, and post-learning sleep is mediated by the sleep-promoting ventral Fan-Shaped Body neurons (vFBs). We show that post-learning sleep is regulated by two opposing output neurons (MBONs) from the MB, which encode a measure of learning. Excitatory MBONs-γ2α’1 becomes increasingly active upon increasing time of learning, whereas inhibitory MBONs-β’2mp is activated only by a short learning experience. These MB outputs are integrated by SFS neurons, which excite vFBs to promote sleep after prolonged but not short training. This circuit may ensure that only longer or more intense learning experiences induce sleep and are thereby consolidated into LTM.
SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Saudi Arabia implicate nucleocapsid mutations in host response and increased viral load
Authors: Mourier Tobias , Shuaib Muhammad , Hala Sharif , Mfarrej Sara , Alofi Fadwa , Naeem Raeece , Alsomali Afrah , Jorgensen David , Subudhi Amit Kumar , Ben Rached Fathia , Guan Qingtian , Salunke Rahul P. , Ooi Amanda , Esau Luke , Douvropoulou Olga , Nugmanova Raushan , Perumal Sadhasivam , Zhang Huoming , Rajan Issaac , Al-Omari Awad , Salih Samer , Shamsan Abbas , Al Mutair Abbas , Taha Jumana , Alahmadi Abdulaziz , Khotani Nashwa , Alhamss Abdelrahman , Mahmoud Ahmed , Alquthami Khaled , Dageeg Abdullah , Khogeer Asim , Hashem Anwar M. , Moraga Paula , Volz Eric , Almontashiri Naif , Pain Arnab 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonitoring SARS-CoV-2 spread and evolution through genome sequencing is essential in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we sequenced 892 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected from patients in Saudi Arabia from March to August 2020. We show that two consecutive mutations (R203K/G204R) in the nucleocapsid (N) protein are associated with higher viral loads in COVID-19 patients. Our comparative biochemical analysis reveals that the mutant N protein displays enhanced viral RNA binding and differential interaction with key host proteins. We found increased interaction of GSK3A kinase simultaneously with hyper-phosphorylation of the adjacent serine site (S206) in the mutant N protein. Furthermore, the host cell transcriptome analysis suggests that the mutant N protein produces dysregulated interferon response genes. Here, we provide crucial information in linking the R203K/G204R mutations in the N protein to modulations of host-virus interactions and underline the potential of the nucleocapsid protein as a drug target during infection.
Generalist herbivore response to volatile chemical induction varies along a gradient in soil salinization
Authors: Marsack Jocelyn M. , Connolly Brian M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElevated soil salinity directly modifies plant physiology and indirectly alters the biotic interactions that shape plant performance. However, it is unclear how soil salinization interacts with plant defenses to alter patterns of leaf consumption or herbivore survival, development, and performance. In this study, we carried out laboratory feeding trials and a common garden experiment to investigate how gradients in soil salinization interact with plant induction status (modified via exogenous application of methyl jasmonate [MeJA]) to influence feeding consumption and performance of the generalist herbivore Spodoptera exigua on tomato (Solanum lycoperscium) plants. Our results showed that S. exigua consumed less leaf tissue from tomatoes treated with ≥ 50 mM NaCl; at these higher salinity treatments, these herbivores were less likely to pupate and died more quickly. Treatment with MeJA only reduced leaf consumption in the 0 mM NaCl treatment. Our common garden study demonstrated that natural populations of leaf chewing herbivores were less likely to damage tomatoes treated with > 50 mM NaCl solutions. Treatment with MeJA in the common garden reduced damage from natural populations of herbivores, but only for salt treatments at the 50 mM NaCl concentration level and we did observe variation in herbivore damage between cohorts in common garden trials. These results suggest that both soil salinization and volatile jasmonate signals may generate complementary shifts in decreased plant quality for herbivores. Overall, our study concludes that soil salinization could be a potential driver in spatial patterns of variation in both herbivory and herbivore demography.