bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of glass ceramic wasteforms using quantitative image analysis of electron micrographs
Authors: Harnett L. , Stennett M. , Maddrell E. , Hyatt N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Multi-phase material systems make up a significant proportion of the currently proposed and researched wasteforms for sequestration of heterogeneous nuclear material feeds. Quantification of the components for such multi-phase assemblages is typically performed using diffraction-based Rietveld methods, many of which necessitate long measurement times of several hours. Furthermore, careful additions of an internal standard are typically required, to facilitate inclusion of amorphous phases in the quantification. The application of an image analysis method has been investigated, using the z-contrast greyscale of back-scattered electron micrographs to determine the relative quantities of component phases in a suite of monolithic phosphate glass ceramic wasteforms. This work demonstrates an alternate methodology for accelerated quantification which could be applied to other heterogeneous wasteforms and multi-phase materials.
Graphical abstract
Opportunities and challenges for integrating the development of sustainable polymer materials within an international circular (bio)economy concept
Authors: Tarazona Natalia A. , Machatschek Rainhard , Balcucho Jennifer , Castro-Mayorga Jinneth Lorena , Saldarriaga Juan F. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: February 2022

Highlights
The production and consumption of commodity polymers have been an indispensable part of the development of our modern society. Owing to their adjustable properties and variety of functions, polymer-based materials will continue playing important roles in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)s, defined by the United Nations, in key areas such as healthcare, transport, food preservation, construction, electronics, and water management. Considering the serious environmental crisis, generated by increasing consumption of plastics, leading-edge polymers need to incorporate two types of functions: Those that directly arise from the demands of the application (e.g. selective gas and liquid permeation, actuation or charge transport) and those that enable minimization of environmental harm, e.g., through prolongation of the functional lifetime, minimization of material usage, or through predictable disintegration into non-toxic fragments. Here, we give examples of how the incorporation of a thoughtful combination of properties/functions can enhance the sustainability of plastics ranging from material design to waste management. We focus on tools to measure and reduce the negative impacts of plastics on the environment throughout their life cycle, the use of renewable sources for their synthesis, the design of biodegradable and/or recyclable materials, and the use of biotechnological strategies for enzymatic recycling of plastics that fits into a circular bioeconomy. Finally, we discuss future applications for sustainable plastics with the aim to achieve the SDGs through international cooperation.

Abstract
Leading-edge polymer-based materials for consumer and advanced applications are necessary to achieve sustainable development at a global scale. It is essential to understand how sustainability can be incorporated in these materials via green chemistry, the integration of bio-based building blocks from biorefineries, circular bioeconomy strategies, and combined smart and functional capabilities.

Graphic abstract
Aspectos imunofisiológicos dos controladores de elite frente à infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana
Authors: Marques Larissa , Santana Gabriel , Oliveira Ana , Marques Juliana , Passos Xisto , Silva Antonio , Silva Lucas 
Published: February 2022

Introdução: O vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) é responsável por infectar humanos e é considerado o agente etiológico da síndrome de imunodeficiência humana/human immunodeficiency syndrome (SIDA/AIDS). Os sintomas são acarretados pela degeneração lenta e progressiva do sistema imune devido ao ataque aos linfócitos TCD4+. Uma pequena parte da população infectada (1-2%) são denominadas controladores de elite, ou seja, apresentam forma branda da infecção, de forma que o sistema imunológico mantém a carga viral indetectável por um longo período de tempo, sem o uso de anti-retrovirais. Objetivo: Descrever os principais mecanismos envolvidos no controle da infecção por HIV em pacientes controladores de elite para HIV-1, diferenciando-os dos outros pacientes infectados pelo vírus. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura cujos dados foram coletados nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (Pubmed), Scientific Electronic Library online (scielo), e de artigos publicados em revistas nacionais e internacionais. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos em inglês e português que se enquadraram na temática, publicados entre 1998 e 2019 e foram excluídos artigos que não se enquadraram nesse período nem no controle epidemiológico e imunológico do vírus. Resultados: Estudos indicam que pacientes controladores de elite tendem a apresentar uma menor ativação do sistema imunológico, controlando a carga viral ao proporcionarem uma resposta imune rigorosa. Conclusão: Os mecanismos envolvidos no controle da infecção por HIV e na progressão para a AIDS entre os controladores de elite ainda não estão esclarecidos. Estudos adicionais são necessários para estabelecer benefício aos doentes.
Revisión sistemática de literatura: MOOC K-12 y STEAM
Authors: Leytón Yela Ginna Viviana , Bucheli Guerrero Víctor Andrés , Ordoñez Erazo Hugo Armando 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Identificar los trabajos de investigación centrados en los MOOC K-12 o STEAM, enfocados en el potencial de los entornos de educación, remodelando el marco educativo actual en la educación secundaria. Metodología: Se definieron ecuaciones para realizar las búsquedas de articulos publicados en conferencias y revistas mediante bases de datos bibliográficas, que permitieron sustraer los articulos para construir el corpus de referencias. Posteriormente, se analizan y sintetizan las investigaciones más significativas para el desarrollo de la revisión sistemática. Resultados: Esta revisión permitió identificar las tendencias, desafíos y oportunidades sobre MOOC K-12 o STEAM, identificando las implementaciones de cursos de ciencias de computación o pensamiento computacional en educación secundaria. Este tipo de iniciativas han obtenido resultados positivos, puesto que se han incrementado el número de estudiantes que seleccionan la programación informática como eje fundamental en el examen nacional para educación superior. Conclusiones: Las investigaciones se han centrado en su mayoría en la incorporación de la programación con cursos complementarios ofertados de forma opcional en educación secundaria, con un enfoque combinado, es decir, se llevan a cabo clases tradicionales con el apoyo de los MOOC. La gran mayoría de los MOOC para educación secundaria se han implementado específicamente para satisfacer las necesidades de los docentes y estudiantes de educación secundaria, con el fin de mejorar y apoyar el plan de estudios, y motivar a los estudiantes como futuros miembros activos en la creación de tecnología.
Mapping of Reproduction Disorders Caused by Infectious Diseases in Bali Cattle (Bos sundaicus) in Muna Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Aku Achmad S. , Yaddi Yamin , Saili Takdir , Hafid Harapin , Munadi La Ode M. , Dewi Fitria , Kete Surya C.R. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The Government of Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, in Indonesia, made Bali cattle a leading livestock commodity. The problem faced by farmers is the slow increase in population, which is caused by reproduction disorders. Mapping of animal diseases can be used as a guide in determining the location of cattle farming development. This study aims to determine the spread of infectious diseases found in Bali cattle in the Muna Regency. A total of 27 blood samples were obtained from the jugular veins of the cattle in Muna Regency in 9 sub-districts, that were suspected to have an infectious disease. Methods: The samples were then tested using the ELISA method for Septicaemia epizootica, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Trypanosomiasis, while the test for Brucellosis was conducted in parallel between RBT and CFT. Result: Brucellosis and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis were absent, however, the prevalence of Septicaemia epizootica disease was in all regions. Trypanosomiasis disease is found in 55.5% of Bali cattle breeding centers in Muna Regency, in adjacent areas, Septicaemia epizootica was the disease with the highest rate of infection followed by Trypanosomiasis which was partial in some regions.
Ashes to Ashes, and Dust to Dust: Is Scattering Garden the Sustainable Destination for Cremated Ashes?
Authors: Ng Sai-Leung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cremation is commonly practiced around the world because it requires small space for the disposal of ashes and also causes less environmental impacts. Among various options for ash disposal, many people choose to scatter the ashes of their loved ones in a scattering garden. Is scattering garden a sustainable solution to the disposal of cremated ashes? No research has ever attempted to answer this question based on empirical data. This study aimed at filling the research gap by characterizing and evaluating the vegetation performance of a scattering garden after it had been open for ash scattering for six years. The results indicated that, overall, approximately half of vegetation was degraded to either unhealthy or bare soil. The area of bare soil in the lawns of high scattering level was larger than that of low scattering level. Furthermore, the belowground biomass of vegetation in the lawns of high scattering level was significantly lower than that of low scattering level. It is concluded that the current practice of ash scattering in Hong Kong was not sustainable and the intensity of impacts was dependent upon the level of ash scattering. The findings of this study may provide a reference for the policy and management of ash scattering in Hong Kong and other cities around the world.
Development and Validation of Radiomics Signatures to Predict KRAS Mutation Status Based on Triphasic Enhanced Computed Tomography in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cao Yuntai , Zhang Jing , Huang Lele , Zhao Zhiyong , Zhang Guojin , Li Hailong , Guo Bin , Xing Yue , Zhang Ying , Bao Haihua , Zhou Junlin , Ren Jialiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we used computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics signatures to predict the mutation status of KRAS in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: This study involved 447 patients who underwent KRAS mutation testing and preoperative triphasic enhanced CT. They were categorised into training (n = 313) and validation cohorts (n = 134) in the ratio 7:3. Radiomics features were extracted from CT imaging. The Boruta algorithm was used to retain the features closely associated with KRAS mutation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop radiomics, clinical, and combined clinical-radiomics models for KRAS mutation. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance and clinical usefulness of each model. Results: Fourteen radiomics features were retained as the as final signatures for predicting KRAS mutations. Delayed phase models showed superior predictive performance compared to arterial phases models or venous phase models. The clinical-radiomics fusion model showed excellent performance, with an AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.772, 0.792 and 0.646 in the training cohort, while 0.755, 0.724 and 0.684 in the validation cohort, respectively. Conclusions: The clinical-radiomics fusion model can be used as a potential imaging marker for preoperative detection of KRAS mutation status.
Effect of Age and Sex on The Associations Between Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors and Both Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glycaemia among West African Adults
Authors: Issaka Ayuba , Cameron Adrian , Paradies Yin , Bosu William Kofi , Houehanou Yèssito Corine Nadège , Kiwallo Jean Baptiste , Wesseh Chea Sanford , Houinato Dismand Stephan , Nazoum Diarra , Stevenson Christopher 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
IntroductionType 2 diabetes Miletus (T2DM) is becoming one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including among Africans. Knowledge of the association between risk factors and both diabetes and pre-diabetes, and whether these differ by age and sex, are important for designing targeted interventions. However, little is known about these associations for African populations.MethodsThe study used data from WHO STEPS surveys, comprising 15,520 participants (6,774 men and 8,746 women) aged 25-64 years. Chi-square and T-test were used to compare differences in the prevalence of risk factors for both sexes. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to ascertain the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for both T2DM and IFG relating to each risk factors, including obesity (defined by BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio (WHtR)), high blood pressure (HBP), fruit and vegetable consumption, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption and smoking. Models for each risk factor were fitted with interactions for age and sex.ResultsFactors associated with T2DM and IFG were age, BMI, waist circumference(WC), waist to hip ratio(WHR), waist to height ratio(WHtR), hypertension, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol, fruit, and vegetable consumption]. Significant interaction with age was observed for the association between hypertension and T2DM(p = 0.05); WHtR and T2DM (p = 0.007) and WHR with IFG (p= 0.006).ConclusionThe study found that for most risk factors examined, associations with both IFG and T2DM did not vary by age and sex. Policies for the prevention may consider the impact of risk factors equally among adults of any age or sex in West Africa.
Coping with Personal Care and Stigma: Experiences of Persons Living with Schizophrenia
Authors: Commey Isaac Tetteh , Ninnoni Jerry Paul K. , Ampofo Evelyn Asamoah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Schizophrenia has an impact on social functioning and participation in everyday life. Yet, there is little data on the experiences of coping with personal care and stigma among people living with schizophrenia in Ghana. This study sought to fill this gap using a qualitative exploratory study. A non-probability sampling procedure, specifically criterion sampling, was used to access a total of nine persons living with schizophrenia. Data were obtained from semi-structured interviews and subjected to Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological data analysis approach. The study revealed that people with schizophrenia could adopt specific personal measures to take care of themselves. Some of these subjective measures included Activities of Daily Living such as washing, sweeping, maintenance of personal and environmental hygiene and medication administration. Strict adherence to treatment regimens has helped to take care of themselves so long as they were in their lucid interval. Despite the anxiety, stress, fear and sadness associated with stigmatisation, participants coped with stigma by resorting to strategies such as avoidance, denial and wishful thinking.
Performance of the Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring system in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus during moderate exercise
Authors: Dijk Peter R. , Lommerde Nicole , Fokkert Marion , Edens Mireille A. , Hernández Alberto Díez , Álvarez Elías Delgado , Slingerland Robbert , Bilo Henk J.G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Real time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (rt-CGM) is used by patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) during various circumstances. Limited data is available concerning the performance of the widely used Dexcom G6 rt-CGM during moderate exercise. Methods Prospective, investigator-initiated study to test the performance of the Dexcom G6 rt-CGM during moderate exercise. Seventeen participants with T1DM went hiking for 6 days, followed by 6 days of normal daily activities (NDA). Capillary glucose measurements were performed with Precision Neo Pro strips; previously verified to be closely comparable with the gold reference method. Results Two persons dropped out of the study and 4 had incomplete data. Consequently 11 participants with a median age of 55 [interquartile range 39-62] years, 91% female and median HbA1c 55 [interquartile range 40-75] mmol/mol were analyzed. During moderate exercise the mean absolute differences and mean absolute relative differences of the Dexcom G6 rt-CGM were 20±17 mg/dl and 16±15%. Overall, the Dexcom G6 rt-CGM reported higher glucose concentrations, compared to capillary measurements, during exercise (154±64 vs. 149±70 mg/dl (p<0.001)). When assessing accuracy during exercise compared to the capillary measurements using Parkes error grids, 98.6% of the comparisons fell within zones A and B. According to the Integrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring Approvals (Class II–510(K)) guidelines, the Dexcom G6 rt-CGM did not reach the agreed upon cut-off levels and were more or less comparable as during NDA. Conclusions Despite limitations, this study demonstrates that during moderate exercise the Dexcom G6 rt-CGM does not meet current benchmark criteria. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Medical Ethical committees in The Netherlands (Isala Hospital; NL70456.075.19/190605) and in Spain (CEIm de las Áreas de Salud de León y del Bierzo; no.1981). Registered at www.trialregister.nl: NL7922.
Machine-Learning Approach Using FDG-PET-Based Radiomics in the Characterization of Mediastinal Bulky Lymphomas.
Authors: Abenavoli Elisabetta Maria , Linguanti Flavia , Barbetti Matteo , Mungai Francesco , Miele Vittorio , Nassi Luca , Puccini Bendetta , Romano Ilaria , Santi Raffaella , Passeri Alessandro , Sciagrà Roberto , Talamonti Cinzia , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Berti Valentina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Mediastinal bulky involvement is common in lymphomas, particularly in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and grey zone lymphoma (GZL). Despite advanced methods of assessment, traditional imaging appears insufficient in differentiating histology. This study tested the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT volumetric and texture parameters in the histological differentiation of mediastinal bulky due to GZL, PMBCL and cHL, also using a machine-learning approach. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with mediastinal bulky disease with a histopathological diagnosis of cHL, PMBCL or GZL who underwent pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT. Lesions were delineated using a fully automated preselection of 18F-FDG avid structures defined by a threshold SUV ≥ 2.5. Volumetric and radiomic parameters were measured using LIFEx software both for bulky lesion (BL) and for all lesions (AL) on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Analysis of selected radiomic features was performed with Machine Learning classifiers based on Logistic Regression. Results: We reviewed 117 patients (29 PMBCL, 80 cHL, 8 GZL). The analysis showed significant differences between the 3 lymphoma groups regarding SUVmax, SUVmean, BL/AL-MTV and BL/AL-TLG. Several PET textural features both of first order and of second order grey-level showed significant differences between the 3 groups. Finally, machine-learning classifier provided good accuracy in the discrimination between groups. Logistic Regression showed good performance, confirming true positive rate (TPR) and true negative rate (TNR) greater than 80% in the characterization of PMBCL and cHL. The multiclass classifier showed TPR greater than 70% and TNR lower 5% in the identification of PMBCL and cHL and TPR of 44% in GZL. Conclusion: Mediastinal bulky involvement from different histologies showed diverse 18F-FDG-PET radiomic features and the machine-learning approach successfully identified the different subtypes. Our results support the potential of metabolic heterogeneity as an imaging biomarker, and the use of radiomic features for early characterization of mediastinal bulky lymphoma.
Prediction of noninvasive ventilation failure in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Silva Luís Neves da , Fernandes Rui Domingues , Costa Ricardo , Oliveira Ana Andrade , Mosca Ana Margarida , Sá Ana Oliveira , Oliveira Bárbara Fontes , Martins Marta Braga , Mendes Marta Lemos , Carvalho Alexandre , Moreira Pedro Silva , Cruz André Santa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: In COVID-19, there are no available tools or guidelines for the difficult task of recognizing which patients do not benefit from keeping advanced respiratory support, such as noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Identifying failure is crucial to deliver the best possible care and optimize resources in overloaded healthcare systems. Therefore, this study aimed to build a model that predicts NIV failure and consequent death in COVID-19 patients.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study with critical COVID-19 patients who needed NIV but were not candidates or did not need invasive mechanical ventilation, admitted between 1st October 2020 and 31st March 2021, in a tertiary Portuguese hospital. The measure of interest was NIV failure, defined as COVID-19 related in-hospital death. A binary logistic regression was performed, where the outcome (dead vs alive) was set as the dependent variable. Using the independent variables of the logistic regression a decision tree classification model was implemented. Results: The 103 patients included had a mean age of 66.3 years old (SD=14.9), 38.8% were female and 82.5% autonomous. The developed prediction model was statistically significant (X2= 119.865; p< .001) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.994. Higher age, higher number of days with increases on FiO2, higher number of days of maximum expiratory positive airway pressure, lower number of days on NIV, and lower number of days from disease onset to hospital admission were, with statistical significance, associated with increased odds of death. A decision-tree classification model was obtained to achieve the best combination of variables to predict the outcome of interest. Conclusions: This study presents a model to predict death in COVID-19 patients treated with NIV (AUC of 0.994), including easily applicable variables that mainly reflect patients’ evolution during hospitalization. Along with the decision-tree classification model, these original findings have the potential to help clinicians define the best therapeutical approach to each patient and optimize medical resources. However, further research is needed on this subject of treatment failure, not only to understand if these results are reproducible but also, in a broader sense, to help fill this gap in modern medicine guidelines.