bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Peanut Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Parilli-Moser Isabella , Hurtado-Barroso Sara , Guasch-Ferré Marta , Lamuela-Raventós Rosa M. 
Published: April 2022

Although numerous studies have reported the protective effect of nut consumption on cardiovascular risk, evidence for the role of peanuts in maintaining cardiometabolic health is inconclusive. Presented here are the results from the ARISTOTLE study, a parallel randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of regular peanut intake on anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements. The 63 healthy subjects that completed the study consumed their habitual diet plus either: a) 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP, n = 21), b) two tablespoons (32 g)/day of peanut butter (PB, n = 23) or c) two tablespoons (32 g)/day of a control butter based on peanut oil (CB, n = 19) for 6 months. In addition, a meta-analysis of clinical trials, including data from the ARISTOTLE study, was carried out to update the evidence for the effects of consuming peanuts, including high-oleic peanuts, and peanut butter on healthy subjects and those at high cardiometabolic risk. After a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases up to July 2021, 11 studies were found to meet the eligibility criteria. In the ARISTOTLE study, lower total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios were found in the SRP group compared to the CB group (p = 0.019 and p = 0.008). The meta-analysis of clinical trials revealed that peanut consumption is associated with a decrease in triglycerides (MD: −0.13; 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.07; p &lt; 0.0001) and that healthy consumers had lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios compared to the control groups (MD: −0.40; 95% CI, −0.71 to −0.09; p = 0.01 and MD: −0.19; 95% CI, −0.36 to −0.01; p = 0.03, respectively). However, individuals at high cardiometabolic risk experienced an increase in body weight after the peanut interventions (MD: 0.97; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.41; p &lt; 0.0001), although not in body fat or body mass index. According to the dose-response analyses, body weight increased slightly with higher doses of peanuts. In conclusion, a regular consumption of peanuts seems to modulate lipid metabolism, reducing triglyceride blood levels.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://osf.io/jx34y/, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MK35Y.
Prognostic Effect of Age in Resected Pancreatic Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Xu Yaolin , Zhang Yueming , Han Siyang , Jin Dayong , Xu Xuefeng , Kuang Tiantao , Wu Wenchuan , Wang Dansong , Lou Wenhui 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundWhile the elderly population account for an indispensable proportion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), these patients are underrepresented in clinical trials. Whether surgery offered the same benefit for elderly patients as that for younger cohort and which factors affected long-term outcome of elderly population remained unclear.AimsThis study aims to evaluate long-term prognosis of elderly PDAC patients (≥70 years old) after surgery and to investigate potential prognostic factors.MethodsThis retrospective study included PDAC patients receiving radical resection from January 2012 to July 2019 in Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University. Patients were divided into young (&lt;70) and old groups (≥70). Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to eliminate the confounding factors. We investigated potential prognostic factors via Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier estimator. Nomogram model and forest plot were constructed to illustrate the prognostic value of age.ResultsA total of 552 PDAC patients who received radical resection were included in this research. Elderly patients showed poorer nutritional status and were less likely to received adjuvant treatment. After matching, although age [hazard ratio (HR)=1.025, 95%CI 0.997–1.054; p=0.083] was not statistically significant in the multivariate cox regression analysis, further survival analysis showed that patients in the old group had poorer overall survival (OS) when compared with young group (p=0.039). Furthermore, reception of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR=0.411, 95%CI 0.201-0.837; p=0.014) was the only independent prognostic factor among elderly patients and could significantly improve OS. Subgroup analysis indicated that age had better prognostic value in PDAC patients with good preoperative nutritional status and relative low tumor burden. Finally, a prognostic prediction model contained age, reception of adjuvant chemotherapy, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th T and N stage was constructed and presented in nomogram, whose Harrell’s concordance index was 0.7478 (95%CI, 0.6960–0.7996). The calibration curves at 1 and 3 years indicated an optimal conformity between actual and nomogram-predicted survival probability in the PDAC patient who received surgery.ConclusionThe elderly PDAC patients were associated with worse OS survival after radical resection, and the noticeable negative effect of age was observed among PDAC patients with better preoperative nutritional status and less aggressive tumor biology. Adjuvant chemotherapy was essential to improve survival outcome of elderly PDAC patients following radical resection.
NRAGE Confers Radiation Resistance in 2D and 3D Cell Culture and Poor Outcome in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Huandi , Wang Guohui , Xiao Zhiqing , Yang Yu , Tian Zhesen , Gao Chen , Han Xuetao , Sun Wei , Hou Liubing , Liu Junling , Xue Xiaoying 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to explore the mechanism of NRAGE enhancing radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in 2D and 3D levels.MethodsStably NRAGE-overexpressed ESCC cells and 3D-printing models for ESCC cells were established. Then, cellular malignancy indexes, such as cell morphology, proliferation, radioresistance, motility, apoptosis, cell cycle, and proteins of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, were compared between radioresistant and its parental cells in 2D and 3D levels. Additionally, 44 paraffin ESCC specimens with radical radiotherapy were selected to examine NRAGE and β-catenin protein expression and analyze the clinical correlation.ResultsExperiments in 2D culture showed that morphology of the Eca109/NRAGE cells was more irregular, elongated spindle-shaped and disappeared polarity. It obtained faster growth ability, stronger resistance to irradiation, enhanced motility, reduced apoptosis ratio and cell cycle rearrangement. Moreover, Western blot results showed β-catenin, p-Gsk-3β and CyclinD1 expressions were induced, while p-β-catenin and Gsk-3β expressions decreased in Eca109/NRAGE cells. Experiments in the 3D-printing model showed Eca109/NRAGE cell-laden 3D scaffolds had the advantage on growth and spheroiding according to the brightfield observation, scanning electron microscopy and Ki-67 IHC staining, and higher expression at the β-catenin protein. Clinical analysis showed that NRAGE expression was higher in tumor tissues than in control tissues of ESCC patients from the Public DataBase. Compared with radiotherapy effective group, both NRAGE total and nuclear and β-catenin nuclear expressions were significantly upregulated from ESCC specimens in invalid group. Further analysis showed a positive and linear correlation between NRAGE nuclear and β-catenin nuclear expressions. Additionally, results from univariate and multivariate analyses revealed NRAGE nuclear expression could serve as a risk factor for ESCC patients receiving radical radiotherapy.ConclusionESCC cells with NRAGE nuclear accumulation demonstrated greater radioresistance, which may be related to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It indicated that NRAGE nuclear expression was a potential biomarker for monitoring radiotherapeutic response.
A Geriatric Assessment Intervention to Reduce Treatment Toxicity Among Older Adults With Advanced Lung Cancer: A Subgroup Analysis From a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Presley Carolyn J. , Mohamed Mostafa R. , Culakova Eva , Flannery Marie , Vibhakar Pooja H. , Hoyd Rebecca , Amini Arya , VanderWalde Noam , Wong Melisa L. , Tsubata Yukari , Spakowicz Daniel J. , Mohile Supriya G. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMore older adults die from lung cancer worldwide than breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers combined. Current lung cancer treatments may prolong life, but can also cause considerable treatment-related toxicity.ObjectiveThis study is a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized clinical trial which evaluated whether providing a geriatric assessment (GA) summary and GA-guided management recommendations can improve grade 3-5 toxicity among older adults with advanced lung cancer.MethodsWe analyzed participants aged ≥70 years(y) with stage III &amp; IV (advanced) lung cancer and ≥1 GA domain impairment starting a new cancer treatment with high-risk of toxicity within the National Cancer Institute’s Community Oncology Research Program. Community practices were randomized to the intervention arm (oncologists received GA summary &amp; recommendations) versus usual care (UC: no summary or recommendations given). The primary outcome was grade 3-5 toxicity through 3 months post-treatment initiation. Secondary outcomes included 6-month (mo) and 1-year overall survival (OS), treatment modifications, and unplanned hospitalizations. Outcomes were analyzed using generalized linear mixed and Cox proportional hazards models with practice site as a random effect. Trial Registration: NCT02054741.Results &amp; ConclusionAmong 180 participants with advanced lung cancer, the mean age was 76.3y (SD 5.1), 39.4% were female and 82.2% had stage IV disease. The proportion of patients who experienced grade 3-5 toxicity was significantly lower in the intervention arm vs UC (53.1% vs 71.6%, P=0.01). More participants in the intervention arm received lower intensity treatment at cycle 1 (56.3% vs 35.3%; P&lt;0.01). Even with a cycle 1 dose reduction, OS at 6mo and 1 year was not significantly different (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] intervention vs. UC: 6mo HR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.52-1.57, P=0.72; 1 year HR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.58-1.36, P=0.57). Frequent toxicity checks, providing education and counseling materials, and initiating direct communication with the patient’s primary care physician were among the most common GA-guided management recommendations. Providing a GA summary and management recommendations can significantly improve tolerability of cancer treatment among older adults with advanced lung cancer.
Expression of Helper and Regulatory T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Dao-jun , Hao Fei , Qian Tian , Cheng Hai-xing 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, with the incidence peaks in infancy. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the levels of T helper type 22 (Th22) cells, T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, interleukin (IL)-17, and Tregs in peripheral blood of patients with AD.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wan-fang Data from the day of inception of this study to July 2021. Two authors independently extracted the data, which were pooled and calculated using Stata software version 15.ResultsA total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with control group, patients with AD had an increased proportion of Th22 cells [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 2.07, 95% CI (1.33, 2.81), p &lt; 0.001], Th17 cells [WMD = 1.04, 95% CI [0.66, 1.43], p &lt; 0.001], IL-17 [WMD = 17.56, 95% CI (11.1, 24.03), p &lt; 0.001], and a decreased proportion of Tregs [WMD = −2.49, 95% CI (−2.93, −2.05), p &lt; 0.001] in peripheral blood. The subgroup analysis showed that patients with higher disease severity had higher levels of Th22 [mild: WMD = 1.33, 95% CI (1.24, 1.41), p &lt; 0.001; moderate: WMD = 1.41, 95% CI (1.36, 1.54), p &lt; 0.001; severe: WMD = 3.46, 95% CI (3.34, 2.81), p &lt; 0.001] and lower levels of Tregs [mild: WMD = −1.43, 95% CI (−1.75, −1.11), p &lt; 0.001; moderate: WMD = −2.16, 95% CI (−2.46, −1.86), p &lt; 0.001; severe: WMD = −2.96, 95% CI (−3.25, −2.67), p &lt; 0.001] in peripheral blood compared to healthy controls.ConclusionThe random effect model of the meta-analysis showed patients with AD had an increased proportion of Th22 cells, Th17 cells, and IL-17, whereas a decreased proportion of Tregs was found in peripheral blood. The results demonstrated that Th22 cells, Th17 cells, IL-17, and Tregs may be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of AD.
The Relationship Between Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase-A2 and Coronary Artery Aneurysm in Children With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Cheng Zhenli , Weng Haobo , Zhang Jing , Yi Qijian 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundCoronary artery lesions including aneurysm, as the most severe complications of Kawasaki disease (KD), remain of great concern. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is implicated in the regulation of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism. Since excessive inflammatory response and aberrant lipid metabolism have involved in the development of KD, we in this study sought to investigate the relationship between coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and Lp-PLA2 and other blood parameters in children with KD.MethodsThe participants included 71 KD patients, 63 healthy controls (HCs) and 51 febrile controls (FCs). KD patients were divided into KD-CAA (KD with CAA) group and KD-NCAA (KD without CAA) group. Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Other routine clinical parameters were also detected.ResultsSerum Lp-PLA2 levels in KD group [4.83 μg/mL (3.95–6.77)] were significantly higher than those in HC [1.29 μg/mL (0.95–2.05)] and FC [1.74 μg/mL (1.18–2.74)] groups. KD-CAA group [5.56 μg/mL (4.55–22.01)] presented substantially higher serum Lp-PLA2 levels as compared with KD-NCAA group [4.64 μg/mL (2.60–5.55)]. In KD group, serum Lp-PLA2 level was positively related with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the levels of leukocytes, platelets, albumin, creatine kinase-MB, and D-dimer, and the Z-scores of left main CA, right CA, left anterior descending CA, and left circumflex CA; and negatively related with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean platelet volume. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curves showed that Lp-PLA2 exhibited superior and moderate diagnostic performance for distinguishing KD patients from HC and FC ones, respectively, and possessed the potential ability to predict the occurrence of CAAs in KD.ConclusionLp-PLA2 may be related to KD and the formation of CAAs, and thus may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for KD.
Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine vs. Oral Chloral Hydrate for Sedation in Children Undergoing Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lyu Xiaoqian , Tao Yujuan , Dang Xiujing 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis aims to evaluate the sedative efficacy and safety of intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine (DEX) compared with oral chloral hydrate for Computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination in Children.MethodsCochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China WanFang Databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating intranasal DEX (test group) vs. oral chloral hydrate (control group) in pediatric CT/MRI examinations up to December 30, 2021. The data were analyzed using Stata 15.0 software.ResultsSeven RCTs with 1,846 children were identified. The meta-analysis results showed that the success rate of sedation (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03–1.26, P = 0.011), sedation onset time [weighted mean difference (WMD) = –0.87, 95% CI: –1.42 to –0.31, P = 0.002], sedation duration (WMD = –9.05, 95% CI:-14.69 to –3.42, P = 0.002), time to awakening (WMD = –9.75, 95% CI:-17.57 to –1.94, P = 0.014), and incidence of nausea and vomiting [relative risk (RR) = 0.09, 95% CI:0.04–0.23, P &lt; 0.001) of the test group were significantly better than those of the control group. However, no significant differences were identified in incidence of hypotension (RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.51–2.74) and bradycardia (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.13–22.11) between the two groups.ConclusionIntranasal administration of DEX is superior to oral chloral hydrate for sedation during pediatric CT/MRI examinations and has a better safety profile.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Chu Hongmin , Moon Seunghwan , Park Jeongsu , Bak Seongjun , Ko Youme , Youn Bo-Young 
Published: April 2022

Background: The development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field has been growing rapidly. As AI models have been introduced in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), a systematized review must be performed to understand its current status.Objective: To categorize and seek the current usage of AI in CAM.Method: A systematic scoping review was conducted based on the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The three databases, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were used to find studies regarding AI and CAM. Only English studies from 2000 were included. Studies without mentioning either AI techniques or CAM modalities were excluded along with the non-peer-reviewed studies. A broad-range search strategy was applied to locate all relevant studies.Results: A total of 32 studies were identified, and three main categories were revealed: 1) acupuncture treatment, 2) tongue and lip diagnoses, and 3) herbal medicine. Other CAM modalities were music therapy, meditation, pulse diagnosis, and TCM syndromes. The majority of the studies utilized AI models to predict certain patterns and find reliable computerized models to assist physicians.Conclusion: Although the results from this review have shown the potential use of AI models in CAM, future research ought to focus on verifying and validating the models by performing a large-scale clinical trial to better promote AI in CAM in the era of digital health.
Hormone Therapy: A Potential Risk Factor Affecting Survival and Functional Restoration of Transplanted Lymph Nodes
Authors: Dong Dong , Wang Heng , Chen Liang , Wang Wei , Liu Tianyi 
Published: March 2022

Background: Transplantation of lymph nodes (LNs) is an increasingly popular option for treating lymphedema. Increasing evidence indicates an intrinsic correlation between estrogen signaling and the lymphatic system. We explored the effects of 17β estradiol and antiestrogen treatment (tamoxifen) on the survival and functional restoration of transplanted popliteal lymph nodes (PLNs).Methods: A total of forty-eight ovariectomized mice were divided into three groups of 16: OVX + E2 (treated with 17β-estradiol), OVX + TMX (treated with tamoxifen), and OVX (control; treated with olive oil as a solvent). After 2 weeks, PLNs were transplanted. Then, reconnections of lymphatic vessels were observed, and the morphology and survival of transplanted PLNs were evaluated 4 weeks after transplantation. T cells, B cells, lymphatic vessels, and high endothelial venules (HEVs) were subjected to immunofluorescence staining or immunohistochemical staining and quantified.Results: The percentage of lymphatic reconnections was 93.75% in the OVX + E2 group, 68.75% in the OVX + TMX group, and 75% in the OVX group. Surviving PLNs were observed in 16 of 16 in the OVX + E2 group, seven of 16 in the OVX + TMX group, and 13 of 16 in the OVX group. The mean size of PLNs in the largest cross section of the OVX + TMX group was significantly lower than that in the other groups. The distributions of B cells and T cells in surviving PLNs were similar to those in normal LNs. The ratio of dilated HEVs/total HEVs and density of lymphatic vessels in the OVX + E2 group were the highest among the three groups, whereas the lowest ratio and density were observed in the OVX + TMX group.Conclusion: Tamoxifen treatment might lead to cellular loss of transplanted LNs and interfere with the structural reconstruction and functional restoration, thereby inhibiting the survival of transplanted PLNs. Estrogen treatment facilitated the maintenance and regeneration of functional HEVs as well as lymphangiogenesis.
Polysaccharide Peptide Extract From Coriolus versicolor Increased Tmax of Tamoxifen and Maintained Biochemical Serum Parameters, With No Change in the Metabolism of Tamoxifen in the Rat
Authors: Razmovski-Naumovski Valentina , Kimble Benjamin , Laurenti Daunia , Nammi Srinivas , Norimoto Hisayoshi , Chan Kelvin 
Published: April 2022

Background: Polysaccharide peptide (PSP) extract of Coriolus versicolor (L.) Quél. (1886) (Trametes; Polyporaceae) is increasingly used in cancer to support the immune system. However, its interaction with tamoxifen is unknown.Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of a PSP extract on the pharmacokinetics, biochemical parameters, and depletion of tamoxifen.Methods: The pharmacokinetic and biochemical parameters of tamoxifen (20 mg/mL oral single dose and repeated dosing for 12 days) was investigated in female Sprague Dawley rats with or without PSP (340 mg/kg orally for 7 days) (n = 5 per group). Tamoxifen (5 µM) depletion rate with PSP (10–100 μg/mL) was measured in female rat hepatic microsomes in vitro.Results: Compared to tamoxifen alone, the time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) significantly increased by 228% (4.15 ± 1.15 versus 13.6 ± 2.71 h) in the single tamoxifen dose with PSP and 93% (6 ± 2.17 versus 11.6 ± 0.4 h) in the repeated tamoxifen dosing with PSP (p &lt; 0.05). No significant changes in the area-under-curve and maximum concentration were observed in the single dose and repeated tamoxifen dosing plus PSP compared to tamoxifen alone. Pharmacodynamically, the repeated tamoxifen dosing with PSP maintained 19 out of 23 hepatic, renal and cardiac biochemical serum parameters in rats compared to untreated rats (p &gt; 0.05). PSP extract did not significantly alter in vitro intrinsic clearance of tamoxifen compared to tamoxifen control.Conclusion: With the increased use of PSP as an adjunct therapy, this study highlights the importance of clinician’s knowledge of its interaction with tamoxifen to avoid compromising clinical actions and enhancing clinical therapy.