bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BASS XXXI: Outflow scaling relations in low redshift X-ray AGN host galaxies with MUSE
Authors: Kakkad D , Sani E , Rojas A F , Mallmann Nicolas D , Veilleux S , Bauer Franz E , Ricci F , Mushotzky R , Koss M , Ricci C , Treister E , Privon George C , Nguyen N , Bär R , Harrison F , Oh K , Powell M , Riffel R , Stern D , Trakhtenbrot B , Urry C M 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Ionized gas kinematics provide crucial evidence of the impact that active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have in regulating star formation in their host galaxies. Although the presence of outflows in AGN host galaxies has been firmly established, the calculation of outflow properties such as mass outflow rates and kinetic energy remains challenging. We present the [O iii]λ5007 ionized gas outflow properties of 22 z&lt;0.1 X-ray AGN, derived from the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey using MUSE/VLT. With an average spatial resolution of 1 arcsec (0.1–1.2 kpc), the observations resolve the ionized gas clouds down to sub-kiloparsec scales. Resolved maps show that the [O iii] velocity dispersion is, on average, higher in regions ionized by the AGN, compared to star formation. We calculate the instantaneous outflow rates in individual MUSE spaxels by constructing resolved mass outflow rate maps, incorporating variable outflow density and velocity. We compare the instantaneous values with time-averaged outflow rates by placing mock fibres and slits on the MUSE field-of-view, a method often used in the literature. The instantaneous outflow rates (0.2–275 M⊙ yr−1) tend to be two orders of magnitude higher than the time-averaged outflow rates (0.001–40 M⊙ yr−1). The outflow rates correlate with the AGN bolometric luminosity (Lbol ∼ 1042.71–1045.62 erg s−1) but we find no correlations with black hole mass (106.1–108.9 M⊙), Eddington ratio (0.002–1.1), and radio luminosity (1021–1026 W Hz−1). We find the median coupling between the kinetic energy and Lbol to be 1 per cent, consistent with the theoretical predictions for an AGN-driven outflow.
Accretion disc sizes from continuum reverberation mapping of AGN selected from the ZTF survey
Authors: Jha Vivek Kumar , Joshi Ravi , Chand Hum , Wu Xue-Bing , Ho Luis C , Rastogi Shantanu , Ma Qinchun 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the accretion disc-size estimates for a sample of 19 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using the optical g-, r-, and i-band light curves obtained from the Zwicky Transient Facility survey. All the AGNs have reliable supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass estimates based on previous reverberation mapping measurements. The multiband light curves are cross-correlated, and the reverberation lag is estimated using the Interpolated Cross-Correlation Function method and the Bayesian method using the javelin code. As expected from the disc-reprocessing arguments, the g − r band lags are shorter than the g − i band lags for this sample. The interband lags for all, but five sources, are larger than the sizes predicted from the standard Shakura Sunyaev (SS) analytical model. We fit the light curves directly using a thin disc model implemented through the javelin code to get the accretion disc sizes. The disc sizes obtained using this model are on an average 3.9 times larger than the prediction based on the SS disc model. We find a weak correlation between the disc sizes and the known physical parameters, namely the luminosity and the SMBH mass. In the near future, a large sample of AGNs covering broader ranges of luminosity and SMBH mass from large photometric surveys would be helpful in a better understanding of the structure and physics of the accretion disc.
Formation of millisecond pulsars with long orbital periods by accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu Dongdong , Chen Hailiang 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of massive white dwarfs (WDs) has been proposed as an important way for the formation of neutron star (NS) systems. An oxygen-neon (ONe) WD that accretes H-rich material from a red-giant (RG) star may experience the AIC process, eventually producing millisecond pulsars (MSPs), known as the RG donor channel. Previous studies indicate that this channel can only account for MSPs with orbital periods $\gt 500\, \rm d$. It is worth noting that some more MSPs with wide orbits ($60\!-\!500\, \rm d$) have been detected by recent observations, but their origin is still highly uncertain. In this work, by employing an adiabatic power-law assumptions for the mass-transfer process, we performed a large number of complete binary evolution calculations for the formation of MSPs through the RG donor channel in a systematic way. We found that this channel can contribute to the observed MSPs with orbital periods in the range of $50\!-\!1200\, {\rm d}$, and almost all the observed MSPs with wide orbits can be covered by this channel in the WD companion mass versus orbital period diagram. This work indicates that the AIC process provides a viable way to form MSPs with wide orbits.
Multiwavelength emission from leptonic processes in ageing galaxy bubbles
Authors: Owen Ellis R , Yang H-Y Karen 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The evolutionary behaviour and multiwavelength emission properties of bubbles around galaxies, such as the Fermi bubbles of the Milky Way, is unsettled. We perform 3D magneto-hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the evolution of leptonic galaxy bubbles driven by a 0.3-Myr intense explosive outburst from the nucleus of Milky-Way-like galaxies. Adopting an ageing model for their leptonic cosmic rays, we post-process our simulations to compute the multiwavelength emission properties of these bubbles. We calculate the resulting spectra emitted from the bubbles from radio frequencies to γ-rays, and construct emission maps in four energy bands to show the the development of the spatial emission structure of the bubbles. The simulated bubbles show a progression in their spectral properties as they age. In particular, the TeV γ-ray emission is initially strong and dominated by inverse Compton scattering, but falls rapidly after ∼1 Myr. In contrast, the radio synchrotron emission remains relatively stable and fades slowly over the lifetime of the bubble. Based on the emission properties of our post-processed simulations, we demonstrate that γ-ray observations will be limited in their ability to detect galaxy bubbles, with only young bubbles around nearby galaxies being within reach. However, radio observations with, e.g. the upcoming Square Kilometer Array, would be able to detect substantially older bubbles at much greater distances, and would be better placed to capture the evolutionary progression and diversity of galaxy bubble populations.
Phylotranscriptomics Reveals Discordance in the Phylogeny of Hawaiian Drosophila and Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Church Samuel H , Extavour Cassandra G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Island radiations present natural laboratories for studying the evolutionary process. The Hawaiian Drosophilidae are one such radiation, with nearly 600 described species and substantial morphological and ecological diversification. These species are largely divided into a few major clades, but the relationship between clades remains uncertain. Here, we present new assembled transcriptomes from 12 species across these clades, and use these transcriptomes to resolve the base of the evolutionary radiation. We recover a new hypothesis for the relationship between clades, and demonstrate its support over previously published hypotheses. We then use the evolutionary radiation to explore dynamics of concordance in phylogenetic support, by analyzing the gene and site concordance factors for every possible topological combination of major groups. We show that high bootstrap values mask low evolutionary concordance, and we demonstrate that the most likely topology is distinct from the topology with the highest support across gene trees and from the topology with highest support across sites. We then combine all previously published genetic data for the group to estimate a time-calibrated tree for over 300 species of drosophilids. Finally, we digitize dozens of published Hawaiian Drosophilidae descriptions, and use this to pinpoint probable evolutionary shifts in reproductive ecology as well as body, wing, and egg size. We show that by examining the entire landscape of tree and trait space, we can gain a more complete understanding of how evolutionary dynamics play out across an island radiation.
Irradiation of the subventricular zone and subgranular zone in high- and low-grade glioma patients: an atlas-based analysis on overall survival
Authors: Bruil Danique E , David Szabolcs , Nagtegaal Steven H J , de Sonnaville Sophia F A M , Verhoeff Joost J C 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) are hypothesized to support growth of glioma. Therefore, irradiation of the SVZ and SGZ might reduce tumor growth and might improve overall survival (OS). However, it may also inhibit the repair capacity of brain tissue. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to assess the impact of SVZ and SGZ radiotherapy doses on OS of patients with high-grade (HGG) or low-grade (LGG) glioma.MethodsWe included 273 glioma patients who received radiotherapy. We created an SVZ atlas, shared openly with this work, while SGZ labels were taken from the CoBrA atlas. Next, SVZ and SGZ regions were automatically delineated on T1 MR images. Dose and OS correlations were investigated with Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis.ResultsCox regression analyses showed significant hazard ratios for SVZ dose (univariate: 1.029/Gy, P &lt; .001; multivariate: 1.103/Gy, P = .002) and SGZ dose (univariate: 1.023/Gy, P &lt; .001; multivariate: 1.055/Gy, P &lt; .001) in HGG patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant correlations between OS and high-/low-dose groups for HGG patients (SVZ: respectively 10.7 months (&gt;30.33 Gy) vs 14.0 months (&lt;30.33 Gy) median OS, P = .011; SGZ: respectively 10.7 months (&gt;29.11 Gy) vs 15.5 months (&lt;29.11 Gy) median OS, P &lt; .001). No correlations between dose and OS were found for LGG patients.ConclusionIrradiation doses on neurogenic areas correlate negatively with OS in patients with HGG. Whether sparing of the SVZ and SGZ during radiotherapy improves OS, should be subject of prospective studies.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma: a real-world comparison of therapy access and outcomes by hospital setting
Authors: Patel Akshat M , Ali Omer , Kainthla Radhika , Rizvi Syed M , Awan Farrukh T , Patel Toral , Pan Edward , Maher Elizabeth , Desai Neil B , Timmerman Robert , Kumar Kiran A , Ramakrishnan Geethakumari Praveen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
This study analyzes sociodemographic barriers for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) treatment and outcomes at a public safety-net hospital versus a private tertiary academic institution. We hypothesized that these barriers would lead to access disparities and poorer outcomes in the safety-net population.

Methods
We reviewed records of PCNSL patients from 2007–2020 (n = 95) at a public safety-net hospital (n = 33) and a private academic center (n = 62) staffed by the same university. Demographics, treatment patterns, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results
Patients at the safety-net hospital were significantly younger, more commonly Black or Hispanic, and had a higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS. They were significantly less likely to receive induction chemotherapy (67% vs 86%, P = .003) or consolidation autologous stem cell transplantation (0% vs. 47%, P = .001), but received more whole-brain radiation therapy (35% vs 16%, P = .001). Younger age and receiving any consolidation therapy were associated with improved progression-free (PFS, P = .001) and overall survival (OS, P = .001). Hospital location had no statistical impact on PFS (P = .725) or OS (P = .226) on an age-adjusted analysis.

Conclusions
Our study shows significant differences in treatment patterns for PCNSL between a public safety-net hospital and an academic cancer center. A significant survival difference was not demonstrated, which is likely multifactorial, but likely was positively impacted by the shared multidisciplinary care delivery between the institutions. As personalized therapies for PCNSL are being developed, equitable access including clinical trials should be advocated for resource-limited settings.
Complementary Medicine Use Amongst Patients with Metastatic Cancer Enrolled in Phase III Clinical Trials
Authors: Wells J Connor , Sidhu Aven , Ding Keyue , Smoragiewicz Martin , Heng Daniel Y C , Shepherd Frances A , Ellis Peter M , Bradbury Penelope A , Jonker Derek J , Siu Lillian L , Gelmon Karen A , Karapetis Christos , Shapiro Jeremy , Nott Louise , O’Callaghan Christopher J , Parulekar Wendy R , Seymour Lesley , Monzon Jose G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Complementary medicines (CM) are frequently used by patients with cancer. Controversy exists over the effectiveness and risk that CM may add to conventional cancer therapy. The incidence of CM use among patients enrolled in phase III clinical trials is unknown.

Methods
Medication lists from 6 international phase III clinical trials were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients using CM. Patients had metastatic breast, colorectal, or lung cancers. Quality of life, adverse events, overall survival, and progression-free survival were compared between CM users and non-users. Baseline differences between groups were adjusted with propensity score matching groups.

Results
Seven hundred and six of 3446 patients (20.5%) used at least one CM. CM use was highest among patients with breast cancer (35.6%). CM users had more favorable baseline prognostic factors (ECOG 0-1, non-smoking status, younger age, and fewer metastases). CM use was associated with lower rates of adverse events (50% vs. 62%, P = .002) and quality of life was similar between both groups. After adjustment with propensity score matching, CM use was also associated with longer overall survival in patients with lung cancer (adjusted hazard ratio 0.80, 95%CI, 0.68-0.94, P =.0054). However, several key control variables like EGFR status were not available.

Conclusion
One in 5 patients in phase III clinical trials report using CM. CM was not associated with worse cancer-specific outcomes. However, CM users had more favorable baseline prognostic factors, and likely other confounders that may have contributed to improved outcomes observed in the lung cohort. Physicians should monitor for CM use and potential interactions with clinical trial drugs.
Health-Related Quality of Life Among United States Service Members with Low Back Pain Receiving Usual Care Plus Chiropractic Care vs Usual Care Alone: Secondary Outcomes of a Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Authors: Hays Ron D , Shannon Zacariah K , Long Cynthia R , Spritzer Karen L , Vining Robert D , Coulter Ian D , Pohlman Katherine A , Walter Joan A , Goertz Christine M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study examines Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®)-29 v1.0 outcomes of chiropractic care in a multi-site, pragmatic clinical trial and compares the PROMIS measures to: 1) worst pain intensity from a numerical pain rating 0–10 scale, 2) 24-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ); and 3) global improvement (modified visual analog scale).

Design
A pragmatic, prospective, multisite, parallel-group comparative effectiveness clinical trial comparing usual medical care (UMC) with UMC plus chiropractic care (UMC+CC).

Setting
Three military treatment facilities

Subjects
750 active-duty military personnel with low back pain

Methods
Linear mixed effects regression models estimated the treatment group differences. Coefficient of repeatability to estimate significant individual change.

Results
We found statistically significant mean group differences favoring UMC+CC for all PROMIS®-29 scales and the RMDQ score. Area under the curve estimates for global improvement for the PROMIS®-29 scales and the RMDQ, ranged from 0.79 to 0.83.

Conclusions
Findings from this pre-planned secondary analysis demonstrate that chiropractic care impacts health-related quality of life beyond pain and pain-related disability. Further, comparable findings were found between the 24-item RMDQ and the PROMIS®-29 v1.0 briefer scales.
Search for sterile neutrinos by shower events at a future neutrino telescope
Authors: Wang Yabin , Yasuda Osamu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is pointed out that searching for sterile neutrinos in high energy regions at a future IceCube-like facility has advantages compared with reactor or short baseline accelerator neutrino experiments, in which the size of the detector and energy resolution make it difficult to gain good sensitivity for a large mass-squared difference. In this study we show that it is possible to improve constraints on sterile neutrino mixing θ14 for 1 eV$^2 \lesssim \Delta m_{41}^2\lesssim$ 100 eV2 by looking for a dip in the shower events at an IceCube-like neutrino telescope whose volume is at least 10 times as large as that of IceCube and whose duration is 10 years. We also give an analytic expression for the oscillation probabilities in two cases where the condition of one mass scale dominance is satisfied.
Including Arts in Rehabilitation Enhances Outcomes in the Psychomotor, Cognitive, and Affective Domains: A Scoping Review
Authors: Brown Emma L , Gannotti Mary E , Veneri Diana A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this scoping review was to analyze the published literature regarding the use of art in the context of rehabilitation for consideration in physical therapy.

Methods
The CINAHL, PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, Art Index, Music Index, Cochrane Reviews, and PubMed electronic databases were accessed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established and utilized to determine study eligibility. Study details were extracted from each article by researchers using a systematic format. Summation of journal type, participants, dosing and type of intervention, setting and interventionist, outcome domains, and study results were included.

Results
Out of 1452 studies, 76 were included for extraction. Of these studies, most had outcome measures aligned with the psychomotor and affective domains of learning (n = 66). Very few studies had outcome measures with psychomotor and cognitive domains (n = 2) or psychomotor, affective, and cognitive outcome measures (n = 8). Regarding the arts used, music, dance, or both were used in 77 instances. Fewer studies reported using creative arts therapy, singing, theater, writing, and rhythm (n = 17). Of the 76 studies analyzed, 74 reported a within-group treatment effect.

Conclusion
The arts effectively enhance physical therapist practice; therefore, it is recommended that physical therapists continue to seek collaboration with art professionals and explore the use of arts in practice.

Impact
Findings demonstrate that combining the arts with physical therapist practice amplifies not only psychomotor but affective and cognitive outcomes as well. The arts have applicability across broad populations (eg, chronic pain, neurologic dysfunction, respiratory conditions). This study supports that physical therapist education and practice should embrace the arts as a collaborative modality to promote enhanced psychomotor, affective, and cognitive outcomes.
Evolution of the emergency drug innovation network and policy implications: Evidence from COVID-19 drug patents
Authors: Xia Qing , Liu Lanjian , Li Xiaoping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Developing emergency drugs in time is key to responding to public health emergencies such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This research constructs patent assignee citation networks based on COVID-19 drug patents and applies technology life cycle analysis and social network analysis to examine these networks. The results reveal the evolution and structure of the emergency drug innovation network and identify innovation entities with different research and development (R&D) capabilities or a foundation for cooperation. This study attempts to provide the basis for theories and policies to accelerate R&D of emergency drugs. The key results are as follows: (1) Technologies of the emergency drug innovation network show fluctuating growth aligned closely with public health emergencies. (2) The network presents a sparse structure with many active factions, whose members have the advantage of cooperating. (3) Three types of innovation entities are identified: the main technology suppliers, potential suppliers of other supporting technologies, and peripheral suppliers of other supporting technologies.
Fermentation of liquid feed with lactic acid bacteria reduces dry matter losses, lysine breakdown, formation of biogenic amines, and phytate-phosphorus
Authors: Lau Nicole , Hummel Jürgen , Kramer Ewald , Hünerberg Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the fermentation of liquid feed for pigs and the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) supplementation on fermentation rate, dry matter losses (DML), formation of biogenic amines, and degradation of phytate-P. The basal substrate in all three in vitro batch experiments consisted of 50% canola meal, 25% wheat, and 25% barley. The mixed substrates were adjusted to a dry matter (DM) content of 28.4% and fermented in 1-liter vessels at 37 °C for 24 h. Experiment 1 focused on changes in pH profiles over time. Treatments were as follows: 1) liquid feed without additive (control) and 2) liquid feed supplemented with a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus lactis (adLAB) at 2.0 × 105 CFU/g liquid feed (wet wt.; n = 8). Substrate pH was measured every 2 h. Experiment 2 focused on DML and the impact of fermentation on phytate-P. Treatments were identical to experiment 1 (control and adLAB; n = 8). Measured parameters included concentration of lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and phytate-P, and DML after 24 h of fermentation. Counts of molds, Enterobobacteriaceae, yeasts, and LAB were determined in one combined sample of all replicates. Dry matter losses were lower in LAB-supplemented fermentations (5.89%) compared to the control (11.8%; P &lt; 0.001). Supplementation with LAB reduced the phytate-P content (2.66 g/kg DM) compared to the control (3.07 g/kg DM; P = 0.002). Experiment 3 evaluated DML and the impact of fermentation on formation of biogenic amines. Treatments were as follows: 1) control, 2) adLAB (2.0 × 105 CFU LAB/g liquid feed), 3) adLys (0.60% DM supplemented lysine), and 4) adLAB+Lys (combination of adLAB and adLys; n = 8). The fermentation of adLys resulted in a nearly complete breakdown of supplemented lysine, whereas only 10% of supplemented lysine was lost in adLAB+Lys. Furthermore, all adLys samples tested positive for cadaverine (mean concentration 0.89% DM), whereas no adLAB samples contained cadaverine above the detection limit (P &lt; 0.001). Results indicate that DML is reduced in fermentations supplemented with homofermentative LAB. Fermentation of liquid feed with homofermentative LAB can effectively reduce the degradation of supplemental lysine and has the potential to further improve P availability.