bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of small-incision sutureless cataract surgery on the natural course of astigmatism over 10 to 20 years
Authors: Inoue Yasushi , Takehara Hiroyasu , Sugita Toru , Kaneko Tsutomu , Miyata Kazunori , Honbou Masato , Miyoshi Teruyuki , Fujie Shuhei , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To retrospectively assess astigmatic changes over 10 years and 20 years after small-incision cataract surgery.

Setting:
5 ophthalmic surgical sites in Japan.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
Data were collected from patients who had undergone phacoemulsification and implantation of an intraocular lens through a 2.2 to 2.4 mm incision. Preoperative corneal and postoperative manifest astigmatism were converted to power vector notations: horizontal/vertical (J0) and oblique (J45) astigmatism components.

Results:
422 eyes of 422 patients were followed for 10 years, and data preoperatively and at 1 month and at 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 8 years, and 10 years postoperatively were analyzed. The mean J0 decreased significantly (P < .001, repeated measures analysis of variance) with an against-the-rule (ATR) shift of 0.363 ± 0.433 diopter (D) over 10 years, but the mean J45 did not change significantly (P = .150). Double-angle plot analyses also showed similar ATR shifts in all astigmatism groups. In the subgroup analysis conducted in 34 patients who were followed for 20 years, J0 declined significantly (P < .001) by 0.649 ± 0.576 D, whereas J45 did not (P = .516). The postoperative changes in J0 and J45 were not significantly different between eyes with preoperative with-the-rule, ATR, or oblique astigmatism.

Conclusions:
Postoperative astigmatism continued to shift toward ATR during the follow-up period of 20 years after small-incision cataract surgery, which seems to reflect the natural course of corneal astigmatic changes that commonly occur with aging. ATR astigmatic shifts were similar in both pattern and magnitude regardless of the type of preoperative astigmatism.
Transitioning the Healthy Chicago Survey From a Telephone Mode to Self-administered by Mail Mode
Authors: Unangst Jennifer , Lewis Taylor , Laflamme Emily , Prachand Nik , Weaver Kingsley 
Published: March 2022

Context:
As response rates to health surveys conducted by telephone continue to decline and costs continue to increase, practitioners are increasingly considering a transition to self-administered mail contact modes.

Objective:
To compare empirical differences observed across adjacent administrations of the Healthy Chicago Survey (HCS) conducted by telephone versus self-administered via mail contact.

Design:
Data from the 2016, 2018, and 2020 administrations of the HCS are contrasted, and demographic distributions are benchmarked against the American Community Survey to investigate differences that may be linked to the HCS' transition from a telephone to self-administered mail mode between 2018 and 2020.

Setting:
All survey data were collected from adult residents of Chicago, Illinois, between 2016 and 2020.

Main Outcome Measures:
Costs, response rates, key health statistics, demographic distributions, and measures of precision generated from the HCS.

Results:
The mail mode led to a response rate increase of 6.8% to 38.2% at half the cost per complete. Mail respondents are more likely to be nonminority, female, and hold a college degree. Key health statistic differences are mixed, but design effects are larger in the mail mode, which we attribute to more detailed geographic stratification and weighting employed in 2020.

Conclusions:
The mail mode is a less costly data collection strategy for the HCS, but it comes with trade-offs. The quasi-random selection of an individual in the household exacerbates sociodemographic distribution disparities.
Lessons for Oncology From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Roberts Thomas J. , Lennes Inga T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
After several decades of slow expansion, the use of virtual care in oncology rapidly expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from cancer centers across the country show that most patients and providers were satisfied with components of virtual care, and virtual care may be able to improve access to care. However, the rapid implementation of programs during the pandemic worsened disparities in access to virtual care. Health systems must develop strategies to monitor quality, support patients and providers, promote health equity, and overcome regulatory challenges to successfully deliver care in hybrid systems that combine in-person and virtual care.
Maintaining and Advancing Quality Cancer Care During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Oyer Randall Alan , Pierce Lori , Lathan Christopher , Sagar Bhuvana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The care of patients with cancer occurs in a fast-moving, high-pressure, and high-stakes ecosystem. Early in 2020, that complex ecosystem was further complicated by the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. We address actions taken by care providers and systems during the initial phases of the pandemic, and how those actions preserved lifesaving and life-sustaining cancer care despite severely constrained resources. We outline cancer care principles and guidelines that were developed, shared, and adopted by cancer care organizations across the country. Care delivery concerns that arose during the pandemic, including equipment and personnel shortages, moral distress for care providers, and exacerbation of health care inequities are addressed. Process and operations changes taken by payers to serve their clients are described. Lessons learned are highlighted, along with a call to action that we learn from the experience, broaden our cancer care delivery mission, and commit to structural changes that will permanently improve the capacity of cancer care teams.
Examining the Impact of Tislelizumab Added to Chemotherapy on Health-Related Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Previously Untreated Patients With Nonsquamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lu Shun , Yu Yan , Barnes Gisoo , Qiu Xiusong , Bao Yuanyuan , Tang Boxiong 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This study assessed the effects of tislelizumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor, in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (nSQ-NSCLC).

Methods
Patients in this randomized, open-label, multicenter phase III study RATIONALE 304 (NCT03663205) with histologically confirmed stage IIIB/IV nSQ-NSCLC were randomized 2:1 to tislelizumab plus platinum-pemetrexed (arm T + PP) or platinum-pemetrexed alone (arm PP). Health-related QoL was measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 items and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–Lung Cancer. Key patient-reported outcome endpoints include mean score change from baseline at weeks 12 (during chemotherapy) and 18 (following chemotherapy) in the 30-item Quality of Life Questionnaire Core's global health status/quality of life (GHS/QoL) and time to deterioration in GHS/QoL.

Results
Three hundred thirty-two patients received at least 1 dose of study drug and completed at least 1 HRQoL assessment. Global health status/QoL score improved in arm T + PP at week 18 (between-group least square mean difference, 5.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–10.5; P = 0.018). Patients in arm T + PP experienced greater reduction in coughing (−5.9; 95% CI, −11.6 to −0.1; P = 0.044), dyspnea (−3.8; 95% CI, −7.8 to 0.1; P = 0.059), chest pain (−6.2; 95% CI, −10.8 to −1.6; P = 0.008), and peripheral neuropathy (−2.6; 95% CI, −5.5 to 0.2; P = 0.066). Median time to deterioration in GHS/QoL was not achieved for either arm.

Discussion
The addition of tislelizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with improvements in nSQ-NSCLC patients' HRQoL as well as the important disease-specific symptoms of coughing, chest pain, and dyspnea.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03663205
Insights for Oncology Trials Garnered From the Rapid Development of an mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Hyer Randall N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The sudden emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 stimulated unprecedented scientific initiatives to rapidly develop effective treatments and vaccines. One example was the development of vaccines based on messenger RNA platforms, which received emergency use authorization in the United States less than 1 year after the primary sequence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus was published. Novel practices arose from the collaborative efforts and inclusive clinical studies that facilitated the vaccines' rapid development and clinical testing. I describe insights gained from the experience of mRNA-1273 vaccine development that may be applied to or adapted for oncology research. These insights include clinical study design, diversity and inclusion initiatives, speed, and real-world evidence generation, as well as close partnership among regulatory agencies, government, and pharmaceutical companies.
Strategies for graded motor imagery for clients with phantom limb pain and cognitive impairment
Authors: Rich Tonya L. , Marth Lindsay A. , Brielmaier Steven M. , Kiecker Jessica E. , Vogsland Rebecca J. , Macedo Franz J. , Ferguson John E. , Hansen Andrew H. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Individuals with amputations often experience phantom limb pain (PLP) that can limit their participation in rehabilitation, prosthesis training, desired activities, and roles. One nonpharmacological rehabilitation intervention for PLP is graded motor imagery (GMI). There are several components to GMI, including right/left discrimination or laterality, motor imagery, sensory retraining, and mirror therapy. Successful implementation of GMI requires a range of cognitive skills, such as attention span, working memory, abstract reasoning, and planning. For individuals with PLP who concurrently display cognitive impairments, GMI protocols can be adapted using strategies derived from clinical practice.

Objective(s):
The purpose of this technical clinical report was to discuss the application of clinically implemented cognitive compensation techniques to GMI instruction.

Study Design:
Not applicable

Methods:
Clinical expert opinion to explore adaptations for GMI.

Technique:
Graded motor imagery can be an effective tool for pain treatment; however, some clients may need greater clinician support due to existing cognitive difficulties.

Results:
For clients to be successful, active engagement in learning about and implementing GMI techniques is necessary.

Conclusions:
When serving the lifetime amputation care needs of patients with cognitive deficits, we find that targeted learning strategies and accommodations can be helpful when introducing GMI concepts and skill development. Enhanced patient education techniques support client learning.
An Application of Kane's Validity Framework to Evaluate Formative and Summative Assessment Instruments for Telesimulations in Clinical Lactation
Authors: Chuisano Samantha A. , Anderson Olivia S. , Weirauch Katrina , Roper Rosemary , Phillips Julie , McCabe Carolyn , Sadovnikova Anna 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Health professional learners have limited exposure to breastfeeding patients from diverse backgrounds in clinical rotations. Instead, simulation-based training is used for lactation skills training. There are no validated or standardized simulations and assessment rubrics for lactation. In this pilot, breastfeeding telesimulations with standardized patients (SPs) wearing a high-fidelity breast model matching their skin tone were developed. The validity of Formative and Summative Assessment Rubrics (FAR, SAR) were assessed following Kane's validity framework. The objective was to provide initial evidence for the validity of the FAR and SAR as constructs of competence in lactation support at the entry to practice or practice level.

Methods
Three breastfeeding case scenarios, FAR, and SAR were developed and evaluated with clinical lactation specialists (evaluators, n = 17) and SPs. The FAR was used in practice telesimulations where SPs' (n = 14) performance and telesimulation feasibility were assessed. The FAR was updated in preparation for a pilot study where medical students (n = 13) completed the 3 telesimulations. In the pilot, the updated FAR was used by SPs (n = 6) to assess medical students' performance of clinical skills. After the pilot, rubrics were updated after focus groups with SPs and discussions with evaluators. Evaluators (n = 3) graded students' posttelesimulation documentations using the SAR. Cronbach ɑ level and the intraclass correlation coefficient were assessed iteratively to collect evidence for the scoring, generalizability, and extrapolation of the FAR and SAR according to Kane's framework.

Results
The FAR and SAR were found to have acceptable internal consistency and moderate to high interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.55–0.94), which provided evidence for scoring and generalizability of the instruments. Evaluators agreed that SPs' performances were realistic (5.6/6), and SPs' feedback was organized (5.5/6) and helpful (5.6/6), which provided evidence for extrapolation.

Conclusions
Initial evidence for validity of scoring, generalization, and extrapolation FAR and SAR (according to Kane's framework) in assessing health professional learner's performance of clinical lactation skills has been presented. These results from a pilot study suggest that the FAR and SAR are reliable instruments for assessing learners' clinical performance in a breastfeeding-focused telesimulation where the SP wears a high-fidelity breast model matching their skin tone. Additional studies will be required to collect evidence according to all 4 categories of Kane's framework for the validity of the FAR and SAR.
Increased gene dosage and mRNA expression from chromosomal duplications in C. elegans
Authors: Ragipani Bhavana , Albritton Sarah Elizabeth , Morao Ana Karina , Mesquita Diogo , Kramer Maxwell , Ercan Sevinç 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIsolation of copy number variations and chromosomal duplications at high frequency in the laboratory suggested that Caenorhabditis elegans tolerates increased gene dosage. Here we addressed if a general dosage compensation mechanism acts at the level of mRNA expression in C. elegans. We characterized gene dosage and mRNA expression in three chromosomal duplications and a fosmid integration strain using DNA-seq and mRNA-seq. Our results show that on average, increased gene dosage leads to increased mRNA expression, pointing to a lack of genome-wide dosage compensation. Different genes within the same chromosomal duplication show variable levels of mRNA increase, suggesting feedback regulation of individual genes. Somatic dosage compensation and germline repression reduce the level of mRNA increase from X chromosomal duplications. Together, our results show a lack of genome-wide dosage compensation mechanism acting at the mRNA level in C. elegans and highlight the role of epigenetic and individual gene regulation contributing to the varied consequences of increased gene dosage.
Adherence to 24h movement recommendations and health indicators in the ABCD study: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with cognition, psychosocial health, BMI and brain structure
Authors: Fung Hoki , Yeo B.T. Thomas , Chen Christina , Lo June C. , Chee Michael W.L. , Ong Ju Lynn 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAdherence to 24h movement guidelines of ≥60min of physical activity, ≤2h of screen time, and 9-11h of sleep has been shown to benefit cognition, physical and psychosocial health in children aged 5-13y. However, these findings are largely based on cross-sectional studies or small samples. Here we utilize data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study of 10000+ children aged 9-11y to examine whether adherence to 24h movement guidelines benefit cognition, BMI, psychosocial health and brain morphometric measures at baseline (T1) and 2 years later (T2). After adjustment for sociodemographic confounders in multivariable linear mixed models, we observed better cognitive scores, fewer behavioural problems, lower adiposity levels and greater gray matter volumes in children who met both sleep and screen time recommendations compared to those who met none. Longitudinal follow up further supports these findings; participants who met both recommendations at T1 and T2 evidenced better outcome measures than those who met none, even after controlling for T1 measures. These findings support consideration of integrated rather than isolated movement recommendations across the day for better cognitive, physical, psychosocial and brain health.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of yellow fever vaccine in elderly population
Authors: de Jesus Lopes de Abreu Ariane , Cavalcante João Roberto , de Araújo Lagos Letícia Wigg , Caetano Rosângela , Braga José Ueleres 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of serious adverse events in the elderly after yellow fever vaccination compared to the non-elderly population. We searched multiple databases and grey literature and selected research without language and publication date restriction. Studies were analysed in a descriptive way, meta-analysed and expressed in terms of prevalence ratio and risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval, depending on the degree of heterogeneity found. A total of 18 studies were included, of which 10 were meta-analysed. Results obtained through the meta-analysis showed that the risk of serious adverse events after yellow fever vaccination is three times higher for elderlies when compared to non-elderly population and even five times higher for persons >70 years of age. Also, in relation adverse event type a greater risk was for viscerotropic disease associated with yellow fever vaccine up to six times higher when compared to the population under 60 years. The evidence found in this review supports that the vaccine indication in individuals over 60 years of age should be based on a careful analysis of the individual benefit-risk assessment. Results found suggest a higher risk of SAE for individuals over 70 years, especially for viscerotropic and neurotropic disease associated with YFV contraindicating the use of the YFV in this age group.
SPACA6 structure reveals a conserved superfamily of gamete fusion-associated proteins
Authors: Vance Tyler D.R. , Yip Patrick , Jiménez Elisabet , Li Sheng , Gawol Diana , Byrnes James , Usón Isabel , Ziyyat Ahmed , Lee Jeffrey E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSPACA6 is a sperm-expressed surface protein that is critical for gamete fusion during mammalian sexual reproduction. Despite this fundamental role, little is known about how SPACA6 specifically functions. We elucidated the crystal structure of SPACA6 at 2.2-Å resolution, revealing a two-domain protein containing a four-helix bundle and Ig-like β-sandwich connected via a quasi-flexible linker. Based on the structural analysis, we propose SPACA6 is a founding member of a superfamily of gamete fusion-associated proteins, herein dubbed the IST superfamily. The IST superfamily is defined structurally by its distorted four-helix bundle and a pair of disulfide-bonded CXXC motifs. A structure-based search of the AlphaFold human proteome identified more protein members to this superfamily; remarkably, many of these proteins are linked to gamete fusion. The SPACA6 structure and its connection to other IST-superfamily members provide a missing link in our knowledge of mammalian gamete fusion.Significance StatementSPACA6 is a human sperm protein vital for the fusion of gametes, though its exact function remains a mystery. We present the first solved structure of SPACA6: a two-domain fold comprised of an Ig-like domain and a distorted four-helix bundle. Dali searches of the PDB and AlphaFold reveal a family of structurally related proteins, several of which are also known to play a role in gamete fusion; as such, SPACA6 is a founding member of a conserved protein superfamily, dubbed the IST superfamily. Evolutionary analysis to ascertain functionally relevant structural elements in SPACA6 show a conservation of flexibility between the two domains and several conserved surfaces that could function as protein-protein interfaces.
Unmyelinated neurons use Neuregulin signals to promote myelination of neighboring neurons in the CNS
Authors: Lysko Daniel E. , Talbot William S. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe signaling mechanisms neurons use to modulate myelination of circuits in the central nervous system (CNS) are only partly understood. Through analysis of isoform-specificneuregulin1(nrg1) mutants, we identifynrg1type II as an important regulator of myelination in the zebrafish CNS, required for normal myelination of two classes of spinal cord neurons. Surprisingly,nrg1type II reporter expression is prominent in unmyelinated Rohon-Beard (RB) sensory neurons, while myelination of interneurons controlling the escape response circuit is reduced innrg1type II mutants. Cell type-specific loss-of-function studies indicate thatnrg1type II is required in RB neurons to signal to other neurons, not oligodendrocytes, to modulate spinal cord myelination. Together, our data support a model in which unmyelinated neurons express Nrg1 type II proteins to regulate myelination of circuit partners, a mode of action that may coordinate function of circuits in the CNS involving both unmyelinated and myelinated neurons.Summary pointsnrg1type II is required for normal myelination of diverse neuronal classes in the zebrafish spinal cordSurprisingly,nrg1type II reporter expression is prominent in unmyelinated Rohon-Beard neuronsCell type-specific knockdown indicates that myelination of CoPA neurons requiresnrg1type II function in unmyelinated Rohon-Beard neuronsThe Nrg1 receptorerbb2is required in neurons, but not oligodendrocytes, for normal myelination