bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic criteria of CNS infection in patients with external ventricular drainage after traumatic brain injury: a pilot study
Authors: Willer‐Hansen Rasmus Stanley , Olsen Markus Harboe , Hauerberg John , Johansen Helle Krogh , Andersen Åse Bengaard , Møller Kirsten 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundVentriculostomy‐related infection (VRI) is a common complication in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) treated with an external ventricular drain (EVD). The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and characteristics of patients with VRI, and to explore diagnostic criteria to confidently rule out VRI in patients with TBI.MethodsThis retrospective cohort pilot study included adults with severe TBI who were admitted to the ICU and received an EVD, during a 26‐month period. Patients were categorized as having Culture‐positive VRI, Culture‐negative VRI, or No VRI. Variables that were potentially associated with Culture‐positive VRI was analyzed, and predictive values were calculated.Results75 of 215 patients with severe TBI (35%) underwent EVD placement; nine of these (12%) were classified as Culture‐negative VRI and eight (11%) as Culture‐positive VRI. The CSF cell counts that led to VRI treatment were compared with 46 CSF cell counts from No VRI patients. A CSF/plasma glucose ratio below 0.6 had a negative predictive value (NPV) for culture‐verified VRI of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.85–1), whereas a combination of three CSF‐derived biomarkers within the reference limits (white/red blood cell ratio, CSF/plasma glucose ratio, and protein content) ruled out Culture‐positive VRI in this cohort (PPV 0, 95% CI: 0–0.14). C‐reactive protein did not reliably predict VRI.ConclusionsIn this pilot study of patients after severe, a combination of biomarkers within reference limits ruled out VRI (PPV 0, CI: 0–0.14). Hypoglycorrhachia was a sensitive marker of VRI (NPV 0.97, CI: 0.85–1). Systemic signs and markers of infection did not predict VRI.
Acute ischemic stroke in a university hospital intensive care unit: 1‐year costs and outcome
Authors: Kortelainen Simon , Curtze Sami , Martinez‐Majander Nicolas , Raj Rahul , Skrifvars Markus B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeLittle is currently known about the cost‐effectiveness of intensive care of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We evaluated 1‐year costs and outcome for patients with AIS treated in the intensive care unit (ICU).Materials and methodsA single‐center retrospective study of patients admitted to an academic ICU with AIS between 2003 and 2013. True healthcare expenditure was obtained up to 1 year after admission and adjusted to consumer price index of 2019. Patient outcome was 12‐month functional outcome and mortality. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of favorable outcomes and linear regression analysis to assess factors associated with costs. We calculated the effective cost per survivor (ECPS) and effective cost per favorable outcome (ECPFO).ResultsThe study population comprised 154 patients. Reasons for ICU admission were: decreased consciousness level (47%) and need for respiratory support (40%). There were 68 (44%) 1 year survivors, of which 27 (18%) had a favorable outcome. High age (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–0.98) and high hospital admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.97) were independent predictors of poor outcomes. Increased age had a cost ratio of 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99) per added year. The ECPS and ECPFO were 115,628€ and 291,210€, respectively.ConclusionsTreatment of AIS in the ICU is resource‐intense, and in an era predating mechanical thrombectomy the outcome is often poor, suggesting a need for further research into cost‐efficacy of ICU care for AIS patients.
Genetic diagnosis in Sudanese and Tunisian families with syndromic intellectual disability through exome sequencing
Authors: Yahia Ashraf , Ayed Ikhlas Ben , Hamed Ahlam A. , Mohammed Inaam N. , Elseed Maha A. , Bakhiet Aisha M. , Guillot‐Noel Lena , Abozar Fatima , Adil Rawaa , Emad Sara , Abubaker Rayan , Musallam Mhammed Alhassan , Eltazi Isra Z. M. , Omer Zulfa , Maaroof Omer M. , Soussi Amal , Bouzid Amal , Kmiha Sana , Kamoun Hassen , Salih Mustafa A. , Ahmed Ammar E. , Elsayed Liena , Masmoudi Saber , Stevanin Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability is a form of neurodevelopmental disorders that begin in childhood and is characterized by substantial intellectual difficulties as well as difficulties in conceptual, social, and practical areas of living. Several genetic and nongenetic factors contribute to its development; however, its most severe forms are generally attributed to single‐gene defects. High‐throughput technologies and data sharing contributed to the diagnosis of hundreds of single‐gene intellectual disability subtypes.MethodWe applied exome sequencing to identify potential variants causing syndromic intellectual disability in six Sudanese patients from four unrelated families. Data sharing through the Varsome portal corroborated the diagnosis of one of these patients and a Tunisian patient investigated through exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing validated the identified variants and their segregation with the phenotypes in the five studied families.ResultWe identified three pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in CCDC82, ADAT3, and HUWE1 and variants of uncertain significance in HERC2 and ATP2B3. The patients with the CCDC82 variants had microcephaly and spasticity, two signs absent in the two previously reported families with CCDC82‐related intellectual disability.ConclusionIn conclusion, we report new patients with pathogenic mutations in the genes CCDC82, ADAT3, and HUWE1. We also highlight the possibility of extending the CCDC82‐linked phenotype to include spastic paraplegia and microcephaly.
Are x‐waiver trainings enough? Facilitators and barriers to buprenorphine prescribing after x‐waiver trainings
Authors: Gordon Adam J. , Kenny Marie , Dungan Matthew , Gustavson Allison M. , Kelley A. Taylor , Jones Audrey L. , Hawkins Eric , Frank Joseph W. , Danner Anissa , Liberto Joseph , Hagedorn Hildi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, an x‐waiver credential is necessary to prescribe buprenorphine medication treatment for opioid use disorder (B‐MOUD). Historically, this process has required certified training, which could be a barrier to obtaining an x‐waiver and subsequently prescribing. To address this barrier, the US recently removed the training requirement for some clinicians. We sought to determine if clinicians who attended x‐waiver training went on to obtain an x‐waiver and prescribe B‐MOUD, and to examine what facilitated or impeded B‐MOUD prescribing.MethodsIn September 2020, we conducted a cross‐sectional, electronic survey of attendees of 15 in‐person x‐waiver pieces of training from June 2018 to January 2020 within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Of the attendees (n = 321), we surveyed current VHA clinicians who recalled taking the training. The survey assessed whether clinicians obtained the x‐waiver, had prescribed B‐MOUD, and barriers or facilitators that influenced B‐MOUD prescribing.ResultsOf 251 eligible participants, 62 (24.7%) responded to the survey, including 27 (43.5%) physicians, 16 (25.8%) advanced practice clinicians, and 12 (19.4%) pharmacists. Of the 43 clinicians who could prescribe, 29 (67.4%) had obtained their x‐waiver and 16 (37.2%) had reported prescribing B‐MOUD. Prominent barriers to prescribing B‐MOUD included a lack of supporting clinical staff and competing demands on time. The primary facilitator to prescribing was leadership support.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceNine months after x‐waiver training, two‐thirds of clinicians with prescribing credentials had obtained their x‐waiver and one‐third were prescribing B‐MOUD. Removing the x‐waiver training may not have the intended policy effect as other barriers to B‐MOUD prescribing persist.
The Anti‐Imperialist Geopolitical Suburb? Caimanera as Guantánamo’s Revolutionary Frontier
Authors: Basu Ranu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe spatialities of anti‐imperialist praxis are increasingly fraught with innumerable challenges that require complex epistemological considerations. As borderless US‐based militarisation regimes proliferate globally at an unprecedented pace, embedding their political‐territorial control more securely through state and logics of neo‐imperial extractive capitalism, they have prevailed through the strategic discourse of “progress, security and freedom”. This paper explores the geopolitical workings of Caimanera, the town closest to the Guantánamo Bay Naval Base (GTMO), as a counter‐hegemonic project to US imperialism. Referred to as the First Anti‐Imperialist Trench in Cuba—a territory lying within the shadow of one of the world’s most notorious prisons and oldest military bases—Caimanera’s history is fraught with tension since the base was first established by the US in 1903. Since the triumph of the 1959 revolution, the base continues to be held against the will of the Cuban people and is strongly denounced as an illegal occupation. Based on archival material, landscape analysis, and visits to Caimanera in 2015, 2017 and 2019, this paper explores how the anti‐imperialist geopolitical suburb has historically evolved through the territoriality of its governance and actions. This anti‐imperiaist geopolitical suburb is explored as a conceptual form and mode of praxis drawing insights from Fidel Castro’s theorisation of the “Battle of Ideas”, whereby the production of oppositional space in response to imperial threats and aggression is tackled through complexities of the city‐building process and the cultural ideological resistance of its closely interwoven educational landscape. The anti‐imperialist geopolitical suburb as a space of subaltern geopolitics creatively attends to the complex task of sovereignty and boldly promulgates a movement towards peace and solidarity in the larger transnational region.
An oral first‐in‐class small molecule RSK inhibitor suppresses AR variants and tumor growth in prostate cancer
Authors: Ushijima Miho , Shiota Masaki , Matsumoto Takashi , Kashiwagi Eiji , Inokuchi Junichi , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRibosomal S6 kinase has been shown to play a key role in cellular resistance to endocrine therapy in prostate cancer through its regulation of YB‐1/androgen receptor (AR) signaling. PMD‐026, an oral first‐in‐class small molecule kinase inhibitor, is the first identified ribosomal S6 kinase inhibitor. This study investigated the effect of PMD‐026 on YB‐1/AR signaling and its antitumor effect in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Castration‐resistant prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells that express high‐level AR variants were used in this study. The effect of PMD‐026 on YB‐1/AR signaling was investigated by quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot analysis. The effects of PMD‐026 on prostate cancer cells were investigated by cytotoxicity analysis, apoptosis assay, and cell cycle assay in vitro and a mouse castration model in vivo. PMD‐026 decreased YB‐1 phosphorylation as well as AR V7 mRNA and AR variant expressions in 22Rv1 cells. PMD‐026 suppressed cell proliferation alone and in combination with the second‐generation antiandrogens enzalutamide and darolutamide by inducing cellular apoptosis and G2/M arrest. In a mouse xenograft model, PMD‐026 suppressed tumor growth, and the combination of PMD‐026 and enzalutamide inhibited tumor growth more prominently than single treatments. Our results demonstrate an excellent antitumor effect of the novel ribosomal S6 kinase inhibitor PMD‐026 and the combination effect with the antiandrogen enzalutamide in castration‐resistant prostate cancer. These findings warrant a clinical trial of PMD‐026 in prostate cancer patients.
Direct microscopy in the dermatology clinic: enhancing the management of skin infections and infestations
Authors: Chandler David 
Published: February 2022

SummaryDirect microscopy is a valuable skill in the management of skin infections and infestations, yet it is underutilized in dermatology clinics. This review details its use in identifying fungal skin infections and scabies infestations, outlining the steps involved in sample collection, preparation and interpretation.
Passing on the exercise baton: What can endocrine patients learn from elite athletes?
Authors: McCarthy Olivia , Pitt Jason P. , Keay Nicky , Vestergaard Esben T. , Tan Abbigail S. Y. , Churm Rachel , Rees Dafydd Aled , Bracken Richard M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs elite athletes demonstrate through the Olympic motto ‘Citius, Altius, Fortius‐ Communiter’, new performance records are driven forward by favourable skeletal muscle bioenergetics, cardiorespiratory, and endocrine system adaptations. At a recreational level, regular physical activity is an effective nonpharmacological therapy in the treatment of many endocrine conditions. However, the impact of physical exercise on endocrine function and how best to incorporate exercise therapy into clinical care are not well understood. Beyond the pursuit of an Olympic medal, elite athletes may therefore serve as role models for showcasing how exercise can help in the management of endocrine disorders and improve metabolic dysfunction. This review summarizes research evidence for clinicians who wish to understand endocrine changes in athletes who already perform high levels of activity as well as to encourage patients to exercise more safely. Herein, we detail the upper limits of athleticism to showcase the adaptability of human endocrine‐metabolic‐physiological systems. Then, we describe the growing research base that advocates the importance of understanding maladaptation to physical training and nutrition in males and females; especially the young. Finally, we explore the impact of physical activity in improving some endocrine disorders with guidance on how lessons can be taken from athletes training and incorporated into strategies to move more people more often.
Image classification with parallel KPCA‐PCA network
Authors: Yang Feng , Ma Zheng , Xie Mei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) is widely used in computer vision for object detection. In this article, we take advantage of the algorithms of PCA and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) to construct a deep learning model named parallel KPCA‐PCA network (PK‐PCANet). In the proposed model, both of the given PCA and KPCA algorithm are aiming to calculate the filters that will be used in the following convolution layers. The extracted features from PCANet and KPCANet are fused by the strategy of parallel feature fusion. With the aim of reducing the dimensionality of the learned features, the algorithm of compressed sensing is incorporated in the proposed network. According to the cooperative advantages of deep learning network and compressed sensing, the proposed PK‐PCANet model obtains some improvements in several visual recognition tasks. Extensively experiments are performed on face recognition, hand‐written digit recognition and object classification, and the experimental results on various image classification benchmarks such as Extended Yale B, AR, MNIST, CIFAR‐10, and VOC 2007 validated the efficiency of the proposed method of PK‐PCANet.
Hidden in the deep: Distinct benthic trajectories call for monitoring of mesophotic reefs
Authors: Hernandez‐Agreda Alejandra , Marina Sahit Francesca , Englebert Norbert , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove , Bongaerts Pim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoral reef conservation management depends on long‐term monitoring efforts for a sound understanding of ecosystem structuring, functioning, and dynamics. However, ongoing monitoring programs are almost exclusively focused on shallow depths, and it remains unclear to what extent those represent the whole ecosystem. Here, we present a temporal comparison (2012–2017) of directly adjacent shallow and mesophotic benthic communities across seven sites from the Great Barrier Reef and the Western Coral Sea. We found a positive relationship initially between shallow and mesophotic coral cover, with higher cover at shallow depths. However, this relationship was no longer significant after multiple disturbances, with coral cover significantly declining only at shallow depths. Point‐based tracking revealed the dynamic nature of mesophotic communities, with their consistent coral cover reflecting a net balance between substantial growth and mortality. Overall, the divergent trajectories highlight the urgency to expand coral reef monitoring efforts into mesophotic depths to ensure their unique characteristics can be accounted for in conservation management strategies.
HLA variants associated with azathioprine‐induced pancreatitis in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Ås Joel , Bertulyte Ilma , Eriksson Niclas , Magnusson Patrik K.E. , Wadelius Mia , Hallberg Pär 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe immunosuppressant drug azathioprine is associated with a 4% risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Studies have demonstrated an increased risk in carriers of HLA‐DQA1*02:01 and HLA‐DRB1*07:01. We investigated whether these human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types were associated with azathioprine‐induced pancreatitis also in Swedish patients with IBD, and whether the type of disease affected the association. Nineteen individuals with IBD who developed acute pancreatitis after initiation of azathioprine were genotyped and compared with a population control cohort (n = 4891) and a control group matched for disease (n = 81). HLA‐DQA1*02:01 and HLA‐DRB1*07:01 were in full linkage disequilibrium, and were significantly associated with acute pancreatitis both when cases were compared with population controls (OR 3.97 [95% CI 1.57–9.97], p = 0.0035) and matched controls (OR 3.55 [95% CI 1.23–10.98], p = 0.0275). In a disease‐specific analysis, the correlation was positive in patients with Crohn's disease versus matched controls (OR 9.27 [95% CI 1.86–46.19], p = 0.0066), but not in those with ulcerative colitis versus matched controls (OR 0.69 [95% CI 0.07–6.74], p = 0.749). In patients with Crohn's disease, we estimated the conditional risk of carriers of HLA‐DQA1*02:01‐HLA‐DRB1*07:01 to 7.3%, and the conditional risk of a non‐carrier to 2.2%. We conclude that HLA‐DQA1*02:01‐HLA‐DRB1*07:01 is a marker for increased risk of acute pancreatitis in individuals of Swedish genetic origin, treated with azathioprine for Crohn's disease.
Correlating clinical and laboratory diagnostic modalities in the diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa in a resource‐poor setting
Authors: Mahajan Rahul , Manjunath Seema , Madakshira Manoj Gopal , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Bishnoi Anuradha , De Dipankar , Handa Sanjeev , Dass Radotra Bishan , Jamwal Manu , Das Reena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMutational analysis and immunofluorescence antigen mapping (IFM) are recommended as the laboratory tools of choice for diagnosing EB. In the past, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was considered the gold standard, and more recently, clinical diagnostic matrix (CDM) has shown good concordance with next‐generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsIn this prospective diagnostic study, a skin biopsy was taken for TEM and IFM in consecutive patients with EB (aged >6 months) diagnosed clinically with CDM. Wherever possible, mutational analysis was done using targeted NGS.ResultsOf the 80 patients diagnosed with CDM, skin biopsy specimens of 42 patients were assessed using TEM, and of 59 patients using IFM. NGS was done in 39 patients. Taking NGS as the gold standard for diagnosing EB (n = 39 patients), the concordance with CDM, TEM, and IFM were estimated at 84.6% (33/39), 78.5% (11/14), and 76% (19/25) respectively. CDM showed a substantial agreement with NGS (k = 0.69, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn comparison to NGS, the highest concordance was seen with CDM followed by TEM and IFM in diagnosing major subtypes of EB.
Efficacy of international web‐based educational intervention in the detection of high‐risk flat and depressed colorectal lesions higher (CATCH project) with a video: Randomized trial
Authors: Iwatate Mineo , Hirata Daizen , Francisco Carlos Paolo D. , Co Jonard Tan , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Joshi Neeraj , Banerjee Rupa , Quach Duc Trong , Aye Than Than , Chiu Han‐Mo , Lau Louis H. S. , Ng Siew C. , Ang Tiing Leong , Khomvilai Supakij , Li Xiao‐Bo , Ho Shiaw‐Hooi , Sano Wataru , Hattori Santa , Fujita Mikio , Murakami Yoshitaka , Shimatani Masaaki , Kodama Yuzo , Sano Yasushi ,   The CATCH project team
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThree subcategories of high‐risk flat and depressed lesions (FDLs), laterally spreading tumors non‐granular type (LST‐NG), depressed lesions, and large sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), are highly attributable to post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer (CRC). Efficient and organized educational programs on detecting high‐risk FDLs are lacking. We aimed to explore whether a web‐based educational intervention with training on FIND clues (fold deformation, intensive stool/mucus attachment, no vessel visibility, and demarcated reddish area) may improve the ability to detect high‐risk FDLs.MethodsThis was an international web‐based randomized control trial that enrolled non‐expert endoscopists in 13 Asian countries. The participants were randomized into either education or non‐education group. All participants took the pre‐test and post‐test to read 60 endoscopic images (40 high‐risk FDLs, five polypoid, 15 no lesions) and answered whether there was a lesion. Only the education group received a self‐education program (video and training questions and answers) between the tests. The primary outcome was a detection rate of high‐risk FDLs.ResultsIn total, 284 participants were randomized. After excluding non‐responders, the final data analyses were based on 139 participants in the education group and 130 in the non‐education group. The detection rate of high‐risk FDLs in the education group significantly improved by 14.7% (66.6–81.3%) compared with −0.8% (70.8–70.0%) in the non‐education group. Similarly, the detection rate of LST‐NG, depressed lesions, and large SSLs significantly increased only in the education group by 12.7%, 12.0%, and 21.6%, respectively.ConclusionShort self‐education focusing on detecting high‐risk FDLs was effective for Asian non‐expert endoscopists. (UMIN000042348).
The cleansing effect of banking crises
Authors: Gropp Reint , Ongena Steven , Rocholl Jörg , Saadi Vahid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe assess the cleansing effects of the 2008–2009 financial crisis. U.S. regions with higher levels of supervisory forbearance on distressed banks see less restructuring in the real sector: fewer establishments, firms, and jobs are lost when more distressed banks remain in business. In these regions, the banking sector has been less healthy for several years after the crisis. Regions with less forbearance experience higher productivity growth after the crisis with more firm entries, job creation, and employment, wages, patents, and output growth. Forbearance is greater for state‐chartered banks and in regions with weaker banking competition and more independent banks.