bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua
Authors: Muñoz-Antoli Carla , Pérez Paloma , Pavón Aleyda , Toledo Rafael , Esteban José Guillermo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of epidemiological information concerning intestinal parasitic infections, and especially in soil-transmitted helminths, occurring in some departments of Nicaragua. Up to now, this is the first study involving two nearby areas (Puerto Cabezas and Siuna municipalities) of the Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.). One stool sample was analyzed by Kato-Katz, formaldehyde-ethyl acetate concentration method and modified Ziehl–Neelsen technique, and a simple questionnaire concerning demographic, sanitary and behavioral data was distributed among 735 children and evaluated. Overall prevalence of infection reached 97.0%, being the highest prevalences detected in all Nicaragua. The higher protozoan prevalence appears in Siuna (94.5%), a rural interior municipality, with a typical tropical monsoon climate, while the higher helminths rates were reached in Puerto Cabezas (92.8%), the urbanized coastal capital, with a typical tropical rainforest climate. No statistical differences were found with regard to sex. However, the 6–11-year age-group children presented the highest prevalences. Most T. trichiura infections (59.4%) were of light intensity, while 51.7% of Ascaris lumbricoides were of moderate intensity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that those who drink rainwater and walk barefoot were 2.9 and 2.5 times more likely to have helminth infections, respectively. Results from one geographical setting might not be applied to other nearby with different climatic conditions. The use of anthelmintic drugs only will not be sufficient to bring prevalence to low levels. It is necessary to design geographically more specific intervention, with communication and interaction between different disciplines (e.g. parasitology, biochemistry, molecular biology, epidemiology, public health, etc.) being imperative to reduce STH infection.
The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries
Authors: Chang Dianna , Chang Xin , He Yu , Tan Kelvin Jui Keng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe identify 21 predetermined country-level factors that explain marked variations in weekly COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across 91 countries between January and the end of 2020. Besides factors commonly associated with infectious diseases (e.g., population and tourism activities), we discover a list of country characteristics that shape COVID-19 outcomes. Among demographic–geographic factors, the male-to-female ratio, population density, and urbanization aggravate the severity of COVID-19, while education, temperature, and religious diversity mitigate the impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality. For the political-legal dimension, democracy and political corruption are aggravating factors. In contrast, female leadership, the strength of legal systems, and public trust in government significantly reduce infections and deaths. In terms of socio-economic aspects, GDP per capita, income inequality, and happiness (i.e., life satisfaction) lead to worse COVID-19 outcomes. Interestingly, technology advancement increases morbidity but reduces mortality. For healthcare factors, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) experience and healthcare infrastructure help countries perform better in combating the pandemic.
Investigation of wavy microchannel ability on electronic devices cooling with the case study of choosing the most efficient microchannel pattern
Authors: Ghorbani Nima , Targhi Mohammad Zabetian , Heyhat Mohammad Mahdi , Alihosseini Yousef 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA numerical study was conducted to investigate the ability of wavy microchannels to damp the temperature fluctuations generates in electronic devices. Five wavy patterns are considered with the amplitude and wavelength in the ranges of 62.5 to 250 μm and 1250 to 5000 μm, respectively to study the effect of governing phenomena of flow within wavy patterns on thermal–hydraulic performance. The flow regime is laminar and the Reynolds number is in the range of 300 to 900, and a relatively high heat flux of 80 W/cm2 is applied to the microchannels substrate. Also, variable flux condition is studied for heat fluxes of 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 W/cm2 and for the most efficient wavy and straight microchannels. Results showed that the geometries with larger amplitude to wavelength ratio have a lower radius of curvature and larger Dean number, and as a result of transverse flow (secondary flow) amplification, they have enhanced heat transfer. Also, by comparing the ratio of the transverse velocity components to the axial component, it was found that by decreasing the radius of curvature and increasing the Dean number, transverse velocity increases, which intensifies the heat transfer between the wall and the fluid. The appraisement of the performance evaluation criterion (PEC) illustrates that the wavy case with an amplitude of 250 μm and wavelength of 2500 μm is the best geometry from the thermal–hydraulic point of view in the studied range. Finally, with variable flux condition, the wavy microchannel has responded well to the temperature increase and has created a much more uniform surface temperature compared to straight pattern. The proposed wavy pattern ensures that there are no hotspots which could damage the electronic chip. Presented wavy patterns can be used in heat sinks heat transfer enhancement to allow the chip to run in higher heat fluxes.
Modeling time evolving COVID-19 uncertainties with density dependent asymptomatic infections and social reinforcement
Authors: Liu Qing , Cao Longbing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges in modeling its complex epidemic transmissions, infection and contagion, which are very different from known epidemics. The challenges in quantifying COVID-19 complexities include effectively modeling its process and data uncertainties. The uncertainties are embedded in implicit and high-proportional undocumented infections, asymptomatic contagion, social reinforcement of infections, and various quality issues in the reported data. These uncertainties become even more apparent in the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the relevant knowledge, case reporting and testing were all limited. Here we introduce a novel hybrid approach SUDR by expanding the foundational compartmental epidemic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model with two compartments to a Susceptible-Undocumented infected-Documented infected-Recovered (SUDR) model. First, SUDR (1) characterizes and distinguishes Undocumented (U) and Documented (D) infections commonly seen during COVID-19 incubation periods and asymptomatic infections. Second, SUDR characterizes the probabilistic density of infections by capturing exogenous processes like clustering contagion interactions, superspreading, and social reinforcement. Lastly, SUDR approximates the density likelihood of COVID-19 prevalence over time by incorporating Bayesian inference into SUDR. Different from existing COVID-19 models, SUDR characterizes the undocumented infections during unknown transmission processes. To capture the uncertainties of temporal transmission and social reinforcement during COVID-19 contagion, the transmission rate is modeled by a time-varying density function of undocumented infectious cases. By sampling from the mean-field posterior distribution with reasonable priors, SUDR handles the randomness, noise and sparsity of COVID-19 observations widely seen in the public COVID-19 case data. The results demonstrate a deeper quantitative understanding of the above uncertainties, in comparison with classic SIR, time-dependent SIR, and probabilistic SIR models.
Multi-fidelity information fusion with concatenated neural networks
Authors: Pawar Suraj , San Omer , Vedula Prakash , Rasheed Adil , Kvamsdal Trond 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, computational modeling has shifted towards the use of statistical inference, deep learning, and other data-driven modeling frameworks. Although this shift in modeling holds promise in many applications like design optimization and real-time control by lowering the computational burden, training deep learning models needs a huge amount of data. This big data is not always available for scientific problems and leads to poorly generalizable data-driven models. This gap can be furnished by leveraging information from physics-based models. Exploiting prior knowledge about the problem at hand, this study puts forth a physics-guided machine learning (PGML) approach to build more tailored, effective, and efficient surrogate models. For our analysis, without losing its generalizability and modularity, we focus on the development of predictive models for laminar and turbulent boundary layer flows. In particular, we combine the self-similarity solution and power-law velocity profile (low-fidelity models) with the noisy data obtained either from experiments or computational fluid dynamics simulations (high-fidelity models) through a concatenated neural network. We illustrate how the knowledge from these simplified models results in reducing uncertainties associated with deep learning models applied to boundary layer flow prediction problems. The proposed multi-fidelity information fusion framework produces physically consistent models that attempt to achieve better generalization than data-driven models obtained purely based on data. While we demonstrate our framework for a problem relevant to fluid mechanics, its workflow and principles can be adopted for many scientific problems where empirical, analytical, or simplified models are prevalent. In line with grand demands in novel PGML principles, this work builds a bridge between extensive physics-based theories and data-driven modeling paradigms and paves the way for using hybrid physics and machine learning modeling approaches for next-generation digital twin technologies.
The SNPs of mitochondrial DNA displacement loop region and mitochondrial DNA copy number associated with risk of polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: Zhao Yufei , Peng Chenxing , Lai Ruixue , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Xiaoyun , Guo Zhanjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOxidative damage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may activate muscle catabolism and autophagy pathways to initiate muscle weakening in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). In this study, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were assessed and their association with the risk of polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM) was evaluated. Excessive D-loop SNPs (8.779 ± 1.912 vs. 7.972 ± 1.903, p = 0.004) correlated positively with mtDNA copy number (0.602 ± 0.457 vs. 0.300 ± 0.118, p < 0.001). Compared with that of the controls, the mtDNA of PM/DM patients showed D-loop SNP accumulation. In addition, the distribution frequencies of 16304C (p = 0.047) and 16519C (p = 0.043) were significantly higher in the patients with PM/DM. Subsequent analysis showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was increased in PM/DM patients compared with that in the controls (18,477.756 ± 13,574.916 vs. 14,484.191 ± 5703.097, p = 0.012). Further analysis showed that the PM/DM risk-related allele 16304C was significantly associated with lower IL-4 levels (p = 0.021), while 16519C had a trend to be associated with higher IL-2 expression (p = 0.064). The allele 16519C was associated with a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) status in PM/DM patients (p = 0.011). Our findings suggest that mitochondrial D-loop SNPs could be potential biomarkers for PM/DM risk and these SNPs associated with cytokine expression may be involved in the development of PM/DM. Further, mtDNA copy number-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction may precede the onset of PM/DM.
Robust registration of SAR and optical images based on deep learning and improved Harris algorithm
Authors: Zhang Wannan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTraditional algorithms can achieve good results when registering homologous images, but it cannot reach satisfying results for registration between synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical images. The difficulty is that the image texture information and structures of different modalities is very different which leads to poor registration results. To solve this problem, we present a robust matching framework for registration between SAR and optical images. First, a novel deep learning network is utilized to generate high quality pseudo-optical images from SAR images. Next, feature points are detected and extracted using the multi-scale Harris algorithm. Then the feature points are constructed through the gradient position orientation histogram method. Finally, the actual position of the feature points will be reconstructed through a feedback mechanism for matching. Experimental results demonstrate its superior matching performance with respect to the state-of-the-art methods.
The incompressible energy cascade rate in anisotropic solar wind turbulence
Authors: Andrés N. , Sahraoui F. , Huang S. , Hadid L. Z. , Galtier S. 
Published: April 2022

Context. The presence of a magnetic guide field induces several types of anisotropy in solar wind turbulence. The energy cascade rate between scales in the inertial range depends strongly on the direction of this magnetic guide field, splitting the energy cascade according to the parallel and perpendicular directions with respect to magnetic guide field.
Aims. Using more than two years of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations, the isotropy and anisotropy energy cascade rates are investigated. The variance and normalized fluctuation ratios, the kinetic and magnetic energies, and the normalized cross-helicity and residual energy are studied. The connection between the heliocentric distance, the local temperature of the plasma, and the energy cascade components is made.
Methods. Using exact relations for fully developed incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, the incompressible energy cascade rate is computed. In particular, using the isotropy and 2D and slab assumptions, the isotropic, perpendicular, and parallel energy cascade rate components are estimated.
Results. The variance anisotropy ratios, for both velocity and magnetic fields, do not exhibit a dependence with respect to the heliocentric distance r between 0.2 and 0.8 au. While the velocity normalized fluctuation ratio shows a dependence with r, the magnetic normalized fluctuation ratio does not. A strong correlation between the isotropic and anisotropic energy cascade rates and the temperature is found. A clear dominance of the perpendicular cascades over the parallel cascades as PSP approaches the Sun is observed. A dominant 2D cascade and/or geometry over the slab component in slow solar wind turbulence in the largest MHD scales is observed.
An der Katastrophe vorbei
Authors: Pycha Armin , Palermo Salvatore , Krüger Sara , Thaler Stefanie , Clauser Silvia , Comploj Evi , Trenti Emanuela 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungEine 21-jährige junge sportliche Frau litt seit geraumer Zeit unter Flankenschmerzen bei Flüssigkeitsaufnahme nach sportlicher Aktivität. Die urologische Abklärung zeigte eine Hydronephrose mit einer „Fischhakenform“ und einen medialisierten Ureter. Diese Ureterenge wurde ureterorenoskopisch, endoskopisch-radiologisch und bioptisch abgeklärt ohne dass man zur korrekten Diagnose eines retrocavalen Ureters gelangte. Therapeutisch erfolgte mehrfach eine DJ-Kathetereinlage, dreimal eine Ballondilatation in Narkose und schlussendlich eine Dauerversorgung mit einem DJ-Katheter. Aufgrund der Unzufriedenheit der Patientin wurde ihr eine endoskopische Endopyelotomie mittels Acucise angeboten.
Parental Stress of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder During the
Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): Experience from Serbia
Authors: Djuric-Zdravkovic Aleksandra , Japundza-Milisavljevic Mirjana , Perovic Dijana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective Taking care of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as
of children with other developmental disorders, is associated with greater
parental stress. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and
impact of integrative and co-morbid ASD-related symptoms on parental stress
levels during the COVID-19 pandemic at four time points. Testing was performed
during significant changes related to the state of the COVID-19 pandemic in
Serbia.
Methods The research sample included 67 parents of children with ASD 4 to
7 years and 6 months of age. The Autism Parenting Stress Index, Gilliam Autism
Rating Scale - Third Edition, diagnostic criteria for ASD from DSM-5 and
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - Fourth Edition were used
to assess the tested abilities.
Results Core behavior (problems of social development and communication
skills) as well as co-morbid behaviors related to ASD (tantrums, aggressive
behavior, self-injurious behavior and difficulties with transitions) caused the
highest degree of parental stress. Post hoc tests that used Bonferroni
correction found that parental stress caused by basic and co-morbid behaviors
gradually decreased from first to fourth measurement, respectively. Sleep and
toilet training problems, as well as co-morbid physical problems, caused the
greatest degree of parental stress during the first measurement. Measuring total
parental stress caused by integrative and co-morbid symptoms related to ASD
showed that it was at the highest level during the first measurement, decreased
during the second measurement and remained unchanged during the third and fourth
measurements.
Conclusion Time, as a repeating factor, during the COVID-19 pandemic has
an effect on lowering the levels of parental stress caused by all examined
ASD-related domains. These results may be useful in creating individual programs
to support parents of children with ASD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage on reducing costs of reintervention and unplanned readmission: a budget impact analysis
Authors: Chan Shannon Melissa , Chong Marc Ka Chun , Chiu Philip Wai Yan , Ng Enders Kwok Wai , Wong Martin Chi Sang , Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is the preferred treatment for patients with acute calculous cholecystitis who are unfit for surgery. The aim of this study was to perform a cost-effective analysis (CEA) comparing EUS-GBD with percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PT-GBD).
Patients and methods CEA was performed on patients recruited for our prior randomized controlled trial. A budget impact model was developed to compare the base-case and scenario of EUS-GBD applications. The costs including peri-procedure and intra-procedure, reinterventions, expenses associated with treatment of adverse events (AEs), costs of hospital stay, subsequent clinic follow-up, and unplanned readmission were included.
Results PT-GBD had a lower total procedure cost per patient (USD$4,375.00) than EUS-GBD (USD$9,397.44). For EUS-GBD, the cost of cautery-enhanced lumen-apposing stent accounted for the major part of the expense (USD$4,910.26). EUS-GBD resulted in a lower expected cost (USD$108.26 vs USD$1,601.54) for a re-procedure. The expected cost per patient in unplanned readmissions in the EUS-GBD group (USD$450.00) was lower than that in the PT-GBD group (USD$1,717.56). Based on the budget impact analysis, the net budget impact per year of introducing EUS-GBD to replace PT-GBD was higher (USD$16,424.10 vs USD$11,433.08). The net budget impact was most sensitive to the cost of stent and linear echoendoscope used in EUS-GBD.
Conclusions The net budget impact per year was higher for introducing EUS-GBD. The cost of the stent accounted for the major cost difference between the two procedures. EUS-GBD saved on the cost in management of AEs, reinterventions, and unplanned readmissions but these did not offset the cost of the stent.
Enantiopure β3-Trifluoromethyl-β3-homoalanine Derivatives: Coupling with Boc-Protected Amino Acids and Conformational Studies of Peptides in Solid State
Authors: Grellepois Fabienne , Saraiva Rosa Nathalie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of enantiopure β3-trifluoromethyl-β3-alkyl β-amino acids for the design of peptides would contribute to drastically enhance peptide stability in vivo. Moreover, the steric hindrance generated by the substituents on the tetrasubstituted carbon adjacent to the nitrogen function coupled to the electron-withdrawing effect of the trifluoromethyl group is more likely to influence the 3D conformation of the peptide. Herein, we describe a short, scalable and robust method to synthesize N- and/or C-protected enantiopure (R)- and (S)-β3-trifluoromethyl-β3-methyl β-amino acid derivatives and liquid-phase coupling methods suitable for incorporation of Boc-protected amino acids into short α/β- and β-peptides. Conformational studies of some of these original peptides via X-ray diffraction analysis highlighted intraresidue C6 hydrogen bonds within trifluoromethylated amino acids.
Psychoacoustic Measures of Tinnitus
Authors: Henry James A. , Meikle Mary B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis report reviews research from the 1930s to the present that has extended our understanding by investigating the characteristics of tinnitus that can be studied using psychoacoustic techniques. Studies of tinnitus masking and residual inhibition began in the 1970s, leading to the therapeutic use of tinnitus masking and a consequent increase in research devoted to tinnitus measurement. In 1981, the CIBA Foundation symposium on tinnitus advocated general adoption of four tinnitus measures: (1) pitch, (2) loudness, (3) maskability, and (4) residual inhibition. Since then, psychoacoustic research into all four topics has proliferated, yielding many valuable insights and controversies concerning the details of measurement techniques. A consensus has emerged that neither the loudness nor other psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus bear a consistent relation to the severity or perceived loudness of tinnitus. Nevertheless, quantification is needed in clinical trials of proposed treatments and in a variety of other types of tinnitus research. Standardization of techniques for specifying the acoustic parameters of tinnitus thus continues to be an important research goal.
Abbreviations: ABLB = alternating binaural loudness balance, DL = difference limen, FCDS = forced-choice double staircase, MML = minimum masking level, PLU = personal loudness unit, Rl = residual inhibition