bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A smartphone program to support adherence to oral chemotherapy in people with cancer: Proof‐of‐concept trial
Authors: Skrabal Ross Xiomara , Gunn Kate M. , Suppiah Vijayaprakash , Patterson Pandora , Boyle Terry , Carrington Christine , Tan Shir Ley , Ryan Marissa , Joshi Rohit , Olver Ian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimNonadherence to oral chemotherapy (OC) can lead to health complications, including premature death. Mobile phones are increasingly used to deliver medication adherence interventions. However, there is limited evidence about mobile phone–based interventions to increase adherence to OC, specifically. This study explores the proof‐of‐concept of a smartphone program to support adherence to OC in people with cancer.MethodsThis was a 10‐week, nonrandomized, multisite trial. The outcomes assessed were acceptability, satisfaction with the intervention, adherence to OC, knowledge about OC, and side‐effects presence and severity. The program consisted of short message service (SMS) reminders to take OC, as well as information about OC, including the management of side‐effects.ResultsTwenty‐two participants (17–74 y/o, median age 60 y/o) were recruited at six hospitals. The sample included 10 different cancer diagnoses (predominance of breast cancer) and 11 OC medications. Acceptability of the intervention was high, with 95% of the enrolled participants completing postintervention measures, and 81% reporting high satisfaction with the program. The intervention was found to have no effect on supporting adherence to OC (assessed by self‐report and medication event monitoring system) in this sample. An increase in knowledge about OC was observed at postintervention (p = 0.010).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated proof‐of‐concept of the smartphone program and highlighted the need for intervention and trial design‐related refinements. Future work should evaluate the effect of the program on adherence to OC with nonadherent patients.
The prognostic significance of immune checkpoint receptor expression in patients with lymphoma: Association with disease status and clinical outcomes
Authors: Shokrgozar Negin , Dehghani Mehdi , Golmoghaddam Hossein , Moghadam Mohamad , Rezaei Narges , Moayed Vida , Arandi Nargess 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the expression of immune checkpoint receptors in the peripheral blood of lymphoma patients. Herein, we assessed the expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors, including CTLA‐4, PD‐1/PDL‐1, LAG‐3, and TIM‐3 in the peripheral blood of lymphoma patients and its correlation with the clinical outcomes of patients. Therefore, 47 classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), 48 non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype, and 30 healthy controls were recruited.MethodsThe expression of inhibitory receptors was evaluated using SYBR Green real‐time PCR method.ResultsCTLA‐4, LAG‐3, and TIM‐3 genes were significantly upregulated in both cHL and DLBCL patients compared to the healthy controls. In addition, the level of these molecules was differentially expressed in cHL and DLBCL patients at different disease phases compared to the healthy controls. The CTLA‐4 gene was highly expressed in newly diagnosed (ND) cHL patients compared to the relapsed ones. Relapsed DLBCL patients had significantly increased LAG‐3 expression compared to patients at remission, as well as ND patients. Regarding cHL patients, high CTLA‐4 expression was correlated with low lactate dehydrogenase level and better performance status, whereas the level of LAG‐3 was significantly elevated in patients with poor performance status. Lower initial PD‐1 expression was associated with improved disease‐free survival in cHL patients.ConclusionsInhibitory immune checkpoint receptors are aberrantly expressed in the peripheral blood of cHL and DLBCL patients in which high LAG‐3 in DLBCL patients and PD‐1/LAG‐3 in cHL patients are associated with relapse occurrence and worse prognosis, respectively.
Clinical and molecular profile of young adults with early‐onset colorectal cancer: Experience from four Australian tertiary centers
Authors: Siu Derrick Ho Wai , Ali Arwa , Tjokrowidjaja Angelina , De Silva Madhawa , Lee Joanna , Clingan Philip R. , Aghmesheh Morteza , Brungs Daniel , Mapagu Cristina , Goldstein David , O'Neill Siobhan , Liauw Winston S. , Sjoquist Katrin M. , Thomas David , Pavlakis Nick , Clarke Stephen J. , Diakos Connie , Chantrill Lorraine A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with early‐onset colorectal cancer (EO‐CRC) have unique characteristics. Contemporary data on the pathological and molecular features, and survival of EO‐CRC are limited in the Australian context.AimTo determine the demographic, histopathological and molecular characteristics of adults with EO‐CRC, and their survival.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of adults aged 18–49 years with EO‐CRC who were referred to the Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District and Royal North Shore Hospital in New South Wales, Australia, between 2014 and 2018.ResultsOf 257 patients included, 94 (37%) patients presented with de novo metastatic CRC, 80% patients had near‐average risk family history and 89% had a symptomatic presentation. In 159 patients with nonmetastatic disease at diagnosis, stage III disease (OR 3.88 [95% CI: 1.13–13.3]; p = .03) and the presence of perineural invasion (PNI) (OR 6.63 [95% CI: 2.21–19.84]; p = .001) were risk factors associated with the development of metastatic disease. Among 94 patients with de novo metastatic disease, 43 (43%) and 12 (14%) patients harbored a KRAS or BRAF V600E mutation, respectively. The median overall survival was 29.6 months (95% CI: 20.4–38.7). BRAF mutation was associated with inferior survival (HR 3.00 [95% CI: 1.30–6.94]; p = .01).ConclusionThe prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations in our cohort is similar to the overseas experience. Stage III disease at diagnosis, presence of PNI and BRAF mutation are adverse prognostic indicators. A better understanding of the molecular landscape is needed for this patient cohort, so as to better tailor prevention strategies, screening and treatment pathways.
Differences in microbial profile of endometrial fluid and tissue samples in women with in vitro fertilization failure are driven by Lactobacillus abundance
Authors: Lüll Kreete , Saare Merli , Peters Maire , Kakhiani Ekaterina , Zhdanova Anastasia , Salumets Andres , Boyarsky Konstantin , Org Elin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe endometrial microbiota has been linked to several gynecological disorders, including infertility. It has been shown that the microbial profile of endometrium could have a role in fertilization and pregnancy outcomes. In this study we aim to assess the microbial community of endometrial tissue (ET) and endometrial fluid (EF) samples in women receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. We also search for possible associations between chronic endometritis (CE) and endometrial microbiota.Material and methodsThis was a cohort study involving 25 women aged between 28 and 42 years with both primary and secondary infertility and with at least one IVF failure. The ET and EF sample collection was carried out between September 2016 and November 2018. Each of the participants provided two types of samples—tissue and fluid samples (50 samples in total). A 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on both of the sample types for microbial profile evaluation. CE was diagnosed based on a CD138 immunohistochemistry where CE diagnosis was confirmed in the presence of one or more plasma cells. Microbial profiles of women with and without CE were compared in both sample types separately.ResultsWe report no differences in the microbial composition and alpha diversity (pObserved = 0.07, pShannon = 0.65, pInverse Simpson = 0.59) between the EF and ET samples of IVF patients. We show that the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus influences the variation in microbial beta diversity between and fluid samples (r2 = 0.34; false discovery rate [FDR] <9.9 × 10−5). We report that 32% (8/25) of the participants had differences in Lactobacillus dominance in the paired samples and these samples also present a different microbial diversity (pShannon = 0.06, FDRweighted UniFrac = 0.01). These results suggest that the microbial differences between ET and fluid samples are driven by the abundance of genus Lactobacillus. The microbiome of CE and without CE (ie non‐CE) women in our sample set of IVF patients was similar.ConclusionsOur findings show that genus Lactobacillus dominance is an important factor influencing the microbial composition of ET and fluid samples.
Bivalirudin vs. heparin in paediatric and adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Mei‐juan , Shi Jin‐ying , Zhang Jin‐hua 
Published: January 2022

AimsUnfractionated heparin (UFH) has been the primary anticoagulant of choice on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, it is debatable whether bivalirudin (BIV), a direct thrombin inhibitor, may be considered a better alternative anticoagulant option.MethodsWe searched Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane library, Clinicaltrials.gov, CNKI and Wanfang databases up to 15 June 2021. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were considered eligible for inclusion. Random‐effects meta‐analyses, including subgroup analyses, were conducted.ResultsA total of 9 studies containing 994 patients were enrolled. All articles were retrospective cohort studies. Compared with UFH, BIV was associated with lower risks of major bleeding (risk ratio [RR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.49), ECMO in‐circuit thrombosis (RR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.43–0.74), stroke (RR: 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.95) and in‐hospital mortality (RR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.99), and higher rates of survival to ECMO decannulation (RR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.34). Pooled risk estimates did not show a significant association with clinical thrombotic events (RR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.45–1.07). Moreover, BIV was associated with a lower risk of ECMO in‐circuit thrombosis and in‐hospital mortality in the adult subgroup but not in the paediatric subgroup. However, leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses indicated that the results of stroke, survival to ECMO decannulation and in‐hospital mortality should be interpreted with caution.ConclusionBIV appears to be a potential alternative to UFH in paediatric and adult patients requiring ECMO.
Patients' preferences for distributing limited government‐funded IVF cycles
Authors: Jones Claire Ann , Gotz Tamas , Chauhan Nipa , Goldstein Sydney , Assal Angela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveOn December 21, 2015, Ontario began funding one cycle of IVF for each resident with a uterus under the age of 43, but with a program cap that is insufficient to meet the annual demand. Our objective was to determine how fertility patients believe that the limited number of funded IVF cycles should be distributed.MethodsA survey was distributed to patients attending a university affiliated hospital‐based fertility clinic in downtown Toronto, including its associated peripheral satellite clinics.ResultsFrom August 2016 to March 2017, 271 patients responded to the survey, of whom 90.3% were in favour of public funding for IVF. The majority of participants favoured allocating IVF cycles to maximize patients’ access to IVF in Ontario rather than targeting funded IVF cycles so as to maximize live births (62.7% vs. 32.8%). Most participants wanted all clinics to adopt the same approach for distributing funded IVF cycles compared to the current system in which each clinic chooses its own criteria for allocation (84.5% vs. 8.5%). Participants favoured distributing IVF by way of a scoring system that took individual patient factors into account. However, the factors that each respondent considered important varied materially.ConclusionPatients overwhelmingly supported public funding for IVF, desired a consistent policy for distribution of limited funded IVF cycles at all clinics, and preferred a method that took individual patient factors into consideration when determining patient priority for funded IVF but there were heterogenous opinions on which factors should be included.
Innis Lecture: Returns on student loans in Canada
Authors: Lochner Lance , Liu Qian , Gervais Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper uses new administrative data with detailed borrower information and lengthy repayment histories from the Canada Student Loans Program (CSLP) to measure rates of return on undergraduate student loans. We document substantial heterogeneity in returns based on information available at the time loans were disbursed, including province of residence, field of study and institution of attendance. Field of study is a particularly important determinant of rates of return, explaining 22% of the variation in predicted returns across borrowers. We explore the implications of this variation for CSLP cross‐subsidization across borrowers and potential risk‐based loan limits. Given the variation in ex ante predicted returns across borrowers, using all available information at the time of loan disbursement, we study the implications of potential cream‐skimming of high‐return borrowers by private lenders.
An exceptionally rare case of metastatic osteoclast‐like giant cell–rich variant of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Saini Tarunpreet , Dey Pranab 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOsteoclast‐like giant cell–rich variant of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is extremely uncommon. In this paper we describe one such case in a 50 year‐old male. The patient presented with enlarged cervical lymph node after initial total thyroidectomy. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smear showed abundant multinucleated osteoclastic‐like giant cells and scattered large bizarre tumour cells. FNAC of such cases may often be mistaken as osteoclast‐like giant cell–rich lesions.
Reproductive phenology and female mating frequency of the praying mantidTenodera angustipennisin western Japan
Authors: Nagata Yuki , Nishino Hiroto , Kuroda Kazuki , Shinohara Tadashi , Satomi Daisuke , Terada Karen , Nishimura Taira , Kuroda Takahiro , Inoue Yoshitaka , Park Yonghwan , Takami Yasuoki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe timing and frequency of female mating are important determinants of male reproductive success. Elucidating reproductive phenology is crucial to understand the evolution of mating behaviour and mating systems.Mate encounter rate is a key variable for understanding the evolutionary consequences of sexual cannibalism. However, remarkably little is known about female mating frequency in wild populations in mantids, charismatic insects that exhibit sexual cannibalism.The authors examined the reproductive phenology of a wild population of the sexually cannibalistic praying mantidTenodera angustipennis, and paid special attention to female mating frequency.Field surveys throughout two reproductive seasons were combined with survival model analysis to estimate the phenology of eclosion, adult sex ratio, female first mating, and oviposition, allowing quantification of time windows for reproductive maturation and female mating.Genetic paternity analysis using newly developed microsatellite markers revealed that females mated with two to six males on average before oviposition in the wild.The results provide a comprehensive record of the reproductive phenology and female mating frequency in a wild mantid population, and insight into the evolution of male mating behaviour under sperm competition and sexual cannibalism.
Stable‐ and radio‐isotopes and a bait‐choice experiment reveal changes in feeding habits of the ant community during primary succession
Authors: Hyodo Fujio , Tanaka Hiroshi O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnts play important roles in trophic dynamics through their functions, ranging from herbivores to predators. However, little is known about whether the ant community modifies diet preferences and feeding habits during primary succession.We performed a bait‐choice experiment and analyses of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and radiocarbon (Δ14C) of ants at four study sites that underwent primary succession on lava flows created by four volcanic eruptions approximately 70, 100, 230, and 540 years ago in Sakurajima, Japan.The ant community increasingly preferred plant‐based diets over animal‐based diets as the primary succession proceeded, likely because the ants attempted to balance nutrition through compensatory feeding according to diet availability.The δ13C values showed that the ants depended largely on carbon from C4 plants at the young sites with no canopy trees. The δ15N values of ants consistently differed among the species, suggesting that each species maintained the proportion of plant‐ and animal‐based diets during succession.The baseline‐corrected δ15N values of the ants were significantly higher at the youngest site than at the older sites; this probably reflects intraguild predation or reliance on aerial prey from surrounding older sites, which exhibited a higher δ15N‐baseline partly due to the colonisation of nitrogen‐fixing plants.The Δ14C values show that the two ant species examined had older diet ages, by approximately 2 years, at the old sites than those at the young sites, indicating their greater dependence on the detritus food web.
Impact on public attitudes of a mental health audio tour of the National Gallery in London
Authors: Riches Simon , Steer Natalie , Vasile Ruxandra , Lyles Sophie , O'Reilly Laoise , Guiotto Martina , Hughes Tom , McKay Meagan , Westhead Megan , Latham Rachel M. , Newbury Joanne B. , Murray Anna , Goneni Amber , Orehova Aleksandra , Temple Rachel , Thompson Rose , Houston Fiona , Fisher Helen L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe arts have the potential to increase public awareness about mental health and reduce stigma. However, arts‐based projects to raise awareness have been small‐scale. In this study, a mental health‐awareness audio tour of The National Gallery in London was co‐produced and narrated by young adults with relevant lived experience. The study investigated the acceptability of the tour to the public and evaluated its impact on public attitudes about mental health.MethodsParticipants were Gallery visitors over four consecutive days. The tour led visitors on 10 stops through the Gallery. Each stop focused on artworks and Gallery spaces, challenged common myths about mental health, and invited visitors to consider their personal views. Participants completed measures of mood and attitudes about mental health pre‐ and post‐tour and provided narrative feedback.ResultsPre‐tour, participants (N = 213) reported high levels of happiness, compassion towards people with mental health conditions, comfort talking about mental health, and positive attitudes about mental health. Post‐tour, participants (N = 111) reported significant increases in happiness, comfort, and positive attitudes. In feedback, participants (N = 85) reported that strengths of the tour were the music, inclusion of lived experience, art and mental health links, and reported that the tour was informative, innovative, and improved mental health awareness.ConclusionsThe tour increased positive attitudes, despite positive baseline attitudes, indicating the feasibility of arts‐based interventions in major venues to reduce stigma. Sampling limitations and participant retention suggest that arts‐based projects to raise awareness should target more diverse audiences and consider data collection strategies in large venues.
Dental student perceptions of teamwork during a community‐engaged interprofessional learning experience
Authors: Raponi Jayne‐Marie , Black Erik W. , Rush Caronne C. , Childs Gail Schneider , Blue Amy V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionDental professionals have been strong advocates for interprofessional education (IPE). During PFF, students in diverse, interprofessional teams of four are assigned a local volunteer family during their first academic year. Teams conduct four home visits and implement a health improvement project focused on the family's health and well‐being. The purpose of our analysis was to examine dental student perspectives on the use of teamwork skills during this unique interprofessional educational experience.Methods and MaterialsDental student responses from 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to2019 were qualitatively analysed. Open coding by hand was used to identify keywords and themes. The themes and open codes were compared and contrasted by the researchers until a consensus was reached on themes.ResultsResearchers discerned three meta‐themes: value, skills and time. Researchers also found eight sub‐themes prevalent in responses: teamwork, adaptability, mutual support, trust, interprofessional communication, time, feedback, coordination and accountability.DiscussionOur findings indicate dental students understood the importance of interprofessional teamwork and experiential learning within the context of PFF. Students communicated an understanding of how teamwork skills can impact team‐oriented outcomes. Dental students seemed to value many teamwork skills that contributed to their interprofessional team's success and experiential learning experience.ConclusionEngagement in a longitudinal experience that is patient‐centred, requiring time outside of the classroom, is valued by dental students for its interprofessional collaborative competency development.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the context of newer therapies in hematology and review of new treatment strategies
Authors: Diamantopoulos Panagiotis T. , Kalopisis Konstantinos , Tsatsou Aikaterini , Efthymiou Athina , Giannakopoulou Nefeli , Hatzidavid Sevastianos , Viniou Nora‐Athina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the reactivation of JC polyomavirus in the CNS. We present a case of a 54‐year‐old man with follicular lymphoma diagnosed with PML after being treated with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody‐based regimens for several years. Due to the lack of effective treatment choices for PML, the patient was treated with nivolumab, based on recent reports, but succumbed to his disease a few months after diagnosis. In this paper, we focus on reviewing the literature of PML cases correlated with newer agents used in hematology, possible factors affecting disease prognosis, as well as the available data on upcoming therapeutic options for patients with PML. Though newer promising treatments such as anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies arise, a definitive treatment option is yet to be found. Vigilance, early detection, and prompt intervention play a crucial role in the prognosis of PML in patients with hematological malignancies.