bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from yellow thatching grass (Hyparrhenia filipendula) straws via acid hydrolysis
Authors: NDWANDWA N , Ayaa F , Iwarere S , Daramola Michael , Kirabira JB 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: A variety of lignocellulosic raw materials have been previously reported for the production of cellulose and cellulose derivatives, but little research effort has been dedicated to producing cellulose from Hyparrhenia filipendula . In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were extracted from Hyparrhenia filipendula waste straws via sulphuric acid hydrolysis. Methods: The straws were pretreated with a combination of physiochemical processes and hydrolyzed using sulphuric acid at three different concentrations (1 M, 3 M and 5.6 M) for 2 hours at 80 °C. The properties of the CNFs was checked by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for surface chemistry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity, Scanning Electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphology. A high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was used to quantify the amount of biopolymers in the CNFs. Results: The results show that CNFs, denoted as CNF 1 , CNF 3 , and CNF 5.6 for 1 M, 3 M, and 5.6 M sulphuric acid, respectively, were successfully extracted at the various concentrations of sulphuric acid. The cellulose content of CNF1 , CNF3 , and CNF5.6 determined by HPLC analysis were 85%, 77 % and 78 % respectively. Also, the hemicellulose content in CNF 1 , CNF 3 , and CNF 5.6 was 10 %, 15 %, and 12 % respectively, showing a high carbohydrate content of the CNFs. The FTIR spectra confirm the absence of characteristic peaks for lignin in the CNFs. The XRD analysis reveals presence of characteristic cellulose I β peaks at 2θ of 18°, 26°, and 40° with the crystallinity of 78%, 74 % and 73% for CNF1, CNF3 and CNF5.6, respectively. Moreover, SEM analysis shows the deposition of lignin polycondensate on the surface of CNF 1 , CNF 3 , and CNF 5.6 while the bleached sample has a smooth and glossy appearance. The TEM analysis shows long unbranched nano-sized fibers for CNF 1 and shorter fibrous network of fibers for CNF 3 , and CNF 5.6. The average diameter of the fibers, measured with ImageJ software is 40 nm for CNF 1 , 57 nm for CNF 3 , and 92 nm for CNF 5.6. Conclusion: CNFs were successfully produced from Hyparrhenia filipendula and reported for the first time in open literature. In view of the structure and properties of the produced CNFs, they are a potential material for value-added applications such as polymer matrices, films, and membranes, thus enabling efficient utilization of agricultural waste.
An Efficient Delay Aware Emergency Message
Authors: Shabi M. Al 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Over the recent decades, incorporating Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) into Cloud computing plays a vital role, since it provides a reliable safety journey to vehicular drivers, passengers, etc.However, attaining security and emergency message dissemination is still major bottleneck in VANET combined Cloud, due to the dynamic nature of vehicles and wireless communication. Our major intention is to provide high level security in VANETCloud environment. In addition to it, we also reduce delay in emergency dissemination. Our proposed Delay Aware Emergency Message Dissemination and Data Retrieval in Secure (DEMD 2 RS) VANET-Cloud is composed of four sequential processes: Authentication, Clustering, Data Retrieval and Data dissemination. In regard to maintainingsecurity for both Road Side Unit (RSU) and Vehicles, we propose Hash based Credential Authentication Scheme (HCAS) that affords authentication using Secure Hash Algorithm-3 (SHA-3) and Elliptic Curve Points (ECP). To sustain a stable cluster, Firm Aware Clustering Scheme (FACS) is pursued where Stud Krill Herd (SKH) algorithm is exploited. In the data retrieval process, cloud provides requested information to the RSU in encrypted form using the Twofish algorithm. RSU discover the path to deliver received data through executing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm. In order to diminish delay in emergency message dissemination, best disseminator is selected by cluster head using Fuzzy-Topsis (FT) algorithm. Our DEMD 2 RSVANET-Cloud network is implemented in Omnet 4.6 and SUMO 0.21.0 simulation tool. Finally, the evaluation of DEMD 2 RS work performance is achieved by computing consequent metrics that are Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, Transmission delay, Average delay, Key generation time, Encryption time and Decryption time.
Venous infarction mimicking a brain tumor caused by developmental venous anomaly with an arteriovenous shunt in a 15-year-old girl
Authors: Ohta Chizuru Gonmori , Hirotsu Tatsuya , Gomi Taku , Matsushima Satoshi , Nonaka Yuichiro , Akiyama Masaharu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Developmental venous anomaly (DVA) is a venous malformation that is usually asymptomatic and rarely requires treatment. We report a case of a rare subtype DVA with arteriovenous shunt, presenting with headache, nausea, aphasia, and seizure in a 15-year-old girl. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well-defined T2 prolongation area with heterogeneous swelling mainly in the cortex and white matter of the left inferior frontal gyrus; a brain tumor was suspected. However, MRI performed 10 days later showed a slightly smaller and less swollen lesion in the left inferior frontal gyrus, cortical laminar necrosis, gyrus enhancement, cortical and subcortical hemorrhage, and an elevated apparent diffusion coefficient in the acute phase; with these findings, venous infarction was diagnosed. Finally, with angiographic findings, DVA with an arteriovenous shunt was diagnosed. The present case shows the importance of being aware of the possibility of both malignancy and venous infarction for the differential diagnosis of a mass lesion in the cerebrum. Moreover, the anticardiolipin antibody level was continuously increased, suggesting thrombophilia as a possible cause of venous infarction, in addition to abnormal venous return caused by DVA with an arteriovenous shunt.
Causal relationship among elderly residents’ quality of life, recognition of aging, and lifestyle in Japan
Authors: Hoshi Tanji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to make clear the causal relationship among three latent variables including QOL, lifestyle, social activity, and the recognition of aging.METHODS:The survey area was nationwide in Japan; we surveyed 9,508 elderly residents in 2013. The number of respondents to the basic survey was 4,343, with a recovery rate of 45.7%. A follow-up survey was conducted 6 years later, and responses were obtained from 3,345 people, with a recovery rate of 86.7%. In this study, 2,859 people aged 65 to 85 years were analyzed.A questionnaire about [QOL]([]indicate a latent variable) measured subjective health and life satisfaction. The causal relationship among the latent variables was analyzed by covariance structure analysis of the cross-lagged effect model and the synchronous effect model shown by Finkel.RESULTS:[Pain, illness, and lifestyle] was the most stable at 6 years.Based on the 6-year effect among the different latent variables, [QOL] was favorably influenced by [pain, illness, and lifestyle] rather than [recognition aging and disease preventability] six years prior.At the same time, desirable [QOL] and [pain, illness, and lifestyle] were shown to have a causal effect on [recognition aging and disease preventability] after 6 years. These associations showed a similar tendency by gender and in the younger and older age groups.
Interprofessional simulation of acute care for nursing and medical students: interprofessional competencies and transfer to the workplace
Authors: Krielen Pepijn , Meeuwsen Malon , Tan Edward C.T.H. , Schieving Jolanda H. , Ruijs Annelies J.E.M. , Scherpbier Nynke D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTeamwork and communication are essential tools for doctors, nurses and other team members in the management of critically ill patients. Early interprofessional education during study, using acute care simulation, may improve teamwork and communication between interprofessional team members on the long run.Methods A comparative sequential quantitative-qualitative mixed method study was used to understand interprofessional learning outcomes in nursing and medical students after simulation of acute care. Students were assigned to a uni- or interprofessional training. Validated questionnaires were used to measure short and long term differences in interprofessional collaboration and communication between the intervention and control group for nursing and medical students respectively. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted to gain a better understanding of IPE in acute simulation.ResultsOne hundred and ninety-one students participated in this study (131 medical, 60 nursing students). No differences were found between the intervention and control group in overall ICCAS scores for both medical and nursing students (p = 0.181 and p = 0.441). There were no differences in ICS scores between the intervention and control group. Focus groups revealed growing competence in interprofessional communication and collaboration for both medical and nursing students.ConclusionsInterprofessional simulation training did show measurable growth of interprofessional competencies, but so did uniprofessional training. Both medical and nursing students reported increased awareness of perspective and expertise of own and other profession. Furthermore, they reported growing competence in interprofessional communication and collaboration in transfer to their workplace.
Energy Transfer of Imbalanced Alfvénic Turbulence in the Heliosphere
Authors: Yang Liping , He Jiansen , Verscharen Daniel , Li Hui , Bowen Trevor A. , Bale Stuart D. , Wang Ying , Wu Honghong , Zhang Lei , Feng Xueshang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence is a universal process playing a crucial role in energy transfer in space, astronomy, and laboratory plasmas. A fundamental and long-lasting question about imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence is how and through which mechanism the energy transfers between scales. To solve this problem, we successfully decompose and trace the dynamics of interacting fluctuations and find that along the energy cascade, the collisions between counter-propagating waves transform into the interactions between co-propagating waves and structures. We also reveal that the energy transfer of waves and structures is carried out mainly through local-scale and large-scale nonlinear interactions, respectively, responsible for their bifurcated power-law spectra. This work unveils the essential energy transfer physics of imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence, explains recent observations from the Parker Solar Probe in the inner heliosphere, and revises the traditional understanding of imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence that invokes counter-propagating waves.
Time to recovery and its predictors among children age of 2 up to 59 months admitted with severe community acquired pneumonia in Public Hospitals of Central and North Gondar Zones, Ethiopia 2021.
Authors: Tamirat Zemene Gitie , Gelagay Abebaw Addis , Boke Moges Muluneh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Community acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. In Ethiopia considerable interventions have been taken to reduce morbidity and mortality of pneumonia in under five children, however little is known about the time to recovery and predictors among children admitted with Sever community acquired pneumonia Therefore this study aimed to identify the time to recovery and its predictors among children admitted with severe community-acquired pneumonia in public hospitals in central and north Gondar zone, Ethiopia, 2021. Method: An institutional based retrospective follow up study was conducted from January 01, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The collected data were entered in to EPI info version 7.2.1.0 then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Cox-ph assumption test and model fitness was checked. Variables had “p” value < 0.25 in the Bivariable analysis were entered in to multivariable Cox-regression analysis. Variables had p-value of < 0.05 were declared as statistically significant.Results: Out of the total 701 study participants about 98.15% were recovered during the follow up period and the median recovery time was 3 days with inter quartile range (IQR) of (2–5 days). Recovery rate from severe community acquired pneumonia was 26.71 ((95% CI: 24.79-28.78)) per 100 person days observation. Being rural residency (AHR=0.8; 95% CI (0.68-0.94)), admitted at primary hospital (AHR=1.43; 95% CI (1.16-1.76)), being stunted (AHR: 0.63, 95% CI (0.44–0.89)), mixed breast feeding (AHR=0.53; 95% CI (0.32-0.87)), late presenters for seeking care (AHR= 0.71: 95% CI (0.54-0.93)), presence of danger sign at admission (AHR: 0.81, 95% CI (0.68-0.97)), co-morbidity (AHR= 0.66; 95%CI (0.56-0.79)) and treatment by ampicillin and gentamicin (AHR, 0.61, (95% CI (0.40–0. 92)) were found to be significant predictors of time to recovery.Conclusions: The median recovery time was similar with other studies done in most developing countries and relatively shorter than other countries abroad. However, the recovery time varies based on the predictor variables like; co- morbidity, danger sign at admission, time of seeking care, stunting, and breast-feeding status.
Expression and prognosis of m6A methylation factor in HNSCC
Authors: Yan Jingren , Ding Shun , Mu Zhonglin , Zhang Qimeng , Xu Zhengyang , Li Lin , He Qing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, We comprehensively analyzed 20 genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) HNSCC database (YTHDF1, FTO, YTHDF2, YTHDF3, HNRNPA2B1, METTL14, METTL3, IGF2BP1, HNRNPC, IGF2BP2, RBMX, IGF2BP3, YTHDC1, YTHDC2, RBM15, RBM15B, VIRMA, ZC3H13, WTAP, ALKBH5) to predict whether there is an impact on the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. The importance of 20 m6A regulators such as VIRMA in the pathogenesis of HNSCC was emphasized. These findings will provide a therapeutic approach and new research direction for the expression of m6A in patients with HNSCC and its prognosis.
Obstacle avoidance and path recognition of an autonomous vehicle: A real implementation using Arduino Uno
Authors: Nagar Mudita Dave , Scholor Nagar Research , Sharma B. K. , PhD Professor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This research project, consist of motion control and path recognition of an autonomous vehicle using Arduino uno connected with different sensors by avoiding obstacles. This project is better than the other because most of the working projects only detect the obstacles in the front and the then servo checks on the left or the right and decides where the vehicle should go, so no real time detection on all angles. In major cases most of the time path recognition and obstacle finding not only in 4 directions but within 360 degrees will become a problem. So, to get the output from the given input we may use drawing sheets in different two colors; Black and White, the vehicle is identifying the path as giving in program by white color. In this autonomous vehicle the servo rotates the ultrasonic frequently from the left side to the right side just like radar does it, and as soon as on any point obstacle is found the trigger may hit to change the direction of travel on the point of obstacle.
A Quantitative Clinical Evaluation of Simultaneous Reconstruction of Attenuation and Activity in Time-of-Flight PET
Authors: Zhang Haiqiong , Wang Jingnan , Li Nan , Zhang Yue , Cui Jie , Huo Li , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose:The maximum likelihood activity and attenuation (MLAA) reconstruction algorithm has been proposed to jointly estimate tracer activity and attenuation at the same time, and proven to be a promising solution to the CT attenuation correction (CT-AC) artifacts in PET images. This study aimed to perform a quantitative evaluation of the MLAA method.Methods: A uniform cylinder phantom filled with 18F-FDG solution was scanned to optimize the reconstruction parameters for the implemented MLAA algorithm. 67 patients underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scan were retrospectively recruited. PET images were reconstructed using MLAA and clinical standard OSEM algorithm with CT-AC (CT-OSEM). The mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmean and SUVmax) in regions of interest (ROIs) of organs, high uptake lesions and metal implants affected regions were quantitatively analyzed.Results: In quantitative analysis, SUVs in patient’s organ ROIs between two methods showed R2 ranging from 0.91 to 0.98 and k ranging from 0.90 to 1.06, and the average SUVmax and SUVmean differences between two methods were within 10%, except for the lung ROI, which was 10.5% and 16.73% respectively. The average SUVmax and SUVmean differences of a total of 117 high uptake lesions were 7.25% and 7.10% respectively. 20 patients were identified to have apparent respiration motion artifacts in the liver in CT-OSEM images, and the SUVs differences between two methods measured at dome of the liver were significantly larger than measured at middle part of the liver. 10 regions with metal AC mismatch artifacts were identified in CT-OSEM images and the average SUVmean and SUVmax differences in metal implants affected regions were reported to be 52.90% and 56.20% respectively. Conclusions: PET images reconstructed using MLAA are clinically acceptable in terms of image quality as well as quantification and it is a useful tool in clinical practice, especially when CT-AC may cause artifacts.
The maternal effects of dietary restriction on Dnmt expression and reproduction in two clones of Daphnia pulex
Authors: Agrelius Trenton , Altman Julia , Dudycha Jeffry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of epigenetic marks induced by environmental variation in a previous generation is broadly accepted as a mediator of phenotypic plasticity. Transgenerational effects linking maternal experiences to changes in morphology, gene expression, and life history of successive generations are known across many taxa. While the number of studies linking epigenetic variation to ecological maternal effects is increasing rapidly, few if any attempts have been made to investigate molecular mechanisms governing epigenetic functions in the context of ecologically relevant maternal effects. Daphnia make an ideal model for investigating molecular epigenetic mechanisms and ecological maternal effects because they will reproduce asexually in the lab. Daphnia are also known to have strong maternal effects, involving a variety of traits and environmental variables. Using two clones of Daphnia pulex, we investigated the plasticity of life history and DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) gene expression with respect to food limitation within- and across-generations. We found strong evidence of genotypic variation of responses of life history and Dnmt expression to low food diets, both within- and across-generations. In general, effects of offspring diet were larger than either the direct maternal effect or offspring-maternal environment interactions, but the direction of the maternal effect was usually in the opposite direction of the within-generation effect. For both life history and Dnmt expression, we also found that when offspring had low food, effects of the maternal environment were stronger than when offspring had high food.
Targeting the E3 ligase NEDD4 as A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for IGF1 Signal Pathway-driven Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Rui , wang ke , yu yanping , Wang Wei , jiang yu , li yunlong , jiang xunliang , qiao yihuan , chen le , zhao xinhui , Liu Jun , Yang Angang , Li Jipeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
IGF1 signal pathway is highly activate in some subtype of gastric cancer(GC) that exhibits poor survival and chemotherapy resistance. Although the results clinical trials of anti-IGF1R monoclonal antibodies and IGF-IR inhibitors have been mostly disappointing in unselected cancer patients, there are patients who benefit from anti-IGF1R therapy in these failed studies. Thersefore, it is necessary to characterize the complex IGF signaling in GC and help refine the strategies targeting the IGF1 pathway. We found that GC cell lines exhibit differential responses to the specific IGF1R inhibitor OSI906. According to the phosphorylation status of Akt upon the OSI906 treatment, we divided the GC cell lines into IGF1R-dependent and IGF1R-independent cells. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, Dox-induced knockdown of NEDD4 significantly suppresses tumor growth of IGF1R-dependent GC cells. Whereas proliferation of IGF1R-independent GC cells is not affected by NEDD4 silencing. The rescue experiment showed that a PTEN-IRS1 axis is required for NEDD4-mediated regulation of AKT activation and tumor growth in GC cells. Clinically, NEDD4 is higher expressed in IGF1-high GC tissues compared with IGF1-low GC tissues and normal tissues, and the co-high expression of NEDD4 and IGF1 predicts a worse prognosis in GC patients. Taken together, our study demonstrated that NEDD4 specifically promotes proliferation of GC cells dependent on IGF1/IGF1R signaling by antagonizing the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN to IRS1 and targeting NEDD4 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for IGF1 signal pathway-driven gastric cancer.
Temporal effects of three-dimensional clinostat treatment on bone and serum metabolome in C57BL/J mice: a new method of simulating microgravity effect
Authors: Song Chenchen , Kang Taisheng , Zhang Meng , Gao Kai , Shi Xudong , Guo Jianguo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Microgravity is an unavoidable aspect of space flight. A three-dimensional (3D) clinostat is a great method to simulate the effects of microgravity on Earth. The impact of microgravity on plants, cells, and Caenorhabditis elegans has been extensively studied. However, no study has used a 3D clinostat apparatus to simulate the effects of microgravity on mouse models. Therefore, we conducted a study to produce a space microgravity mouse models using 3D clinostat treatment and explored the time effect of 3D clinostat treatment on the skeleton and metabolome of C57BL/J mice. Thirty 8-week-old male C57BL/J mice were randomly assigned to three groups: mice in individually ventilated cages (MC group, n = 6), mice in survival boxes (SB group, n = 12), and mice in survival boxes receiving 3D clinostat treatment (CS group, n = 12). Bone loss was assessed using microcomputed tomography of the left femur, whereas the changes in serum metabolites were monitored using untargeted metabolomics. A marked reduction in the trabecular number (p < 0.05) and an increased trabecular spacing (p < 0.1) were observed to occur in a time-dependent manner in the CS group compared with the SB group. Compared with the metabolome of the SB group, the metabolome of the CS group showed significant differences at Ⅰ and Ⅳ stages. Furthermore, the common pathways involved in differential metabolites in the Ⅰ and Ⅳ stages were valine, leucine, isoleucine degradation, and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism. The KEGG pathways in the Ⅳ stages were mainly related to the nervous system, which was a result of microgravity.