bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
منهج الرسول صلي الله عليه وسلم في حماية المجتمع المسلم
Authors: خلف الله شبو جعفر 
Published: February 2022

The prophet of Islam, peace be upon him, has put and executed an integrated plan to defend the first Muslims and the Muslim society since the dawn of the Islam Call. The plan has taken different shapes and used several means to achieve its goal.
In Makah the plan relied on the educational doctrines and urged for patience and self control refraining from using force as there was no permission for fighting. The invocation of God and the prayers were carried out secretly. Some of the early believers were directed to emigrate to safe lands to escape persecution and oppression.
In later development and according to a protective treaty with the people of Yathrib, the prophet himself and all his companions emigrated to live there where the unique Islamic society was established. The means of protecting and defending it also developed considerably. Many treaties and safe –conducts to restore peace and stop aggressions and offensives were signed with the people of Yathrib and with the neighboring tribes. The prophet and his companions were forced to fight defensive and preventing wars to defend the Muslims’ society: but they were never aggressive or oppressive ones.
أسس التنظيم الإداري في الدولة الإسلامية وأسس التنظيم الإداري المعاصر (دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: عبد الرحمن البيلي حمد 
Published: February 2022

This paper deals with the basics of administrative structure in the Islamic state during the era of Mohamed ( p.b.u.h ), that of his successors the caliphs as well as the era of the Umayyad and the Abbasids, and whether such structure has satisfied the basis of of modern administration.
The researcher has prepared the paper depending on secondary sources of information provided by studies and publications that dealt with the subject. He has managed to analyze such data and draw conclusions. He has not resorted to field study due to the nature of the study, while he has benefited from the practices and applications performed during the different Islamic eras.
The objective of the paper is to identify the concepts of administrative organization as derived from the practical application during the different Islamic eras. The paper has drawn a number of findings, the most important of which are:
That the Islamic state has experienced the administrative organization and its principles before it has been known by of modern administrative theories. The Islamic leaders used to practice administration as a religious affair rather than a secular duty. Moreover, the Islamic administrative mode was based on solid ideological grounds while the modern administrative organization is man made. The researcher believes that the pioneers of modern administration have derived the basis of their thought from the Islamic administrative organization as it is prior to theirs, and that it has been applied for centuries and has known the state and counties system of administration before the modern theories. The Islamic administration has also known the one chamber legislative system i.e. the shura system, before he modern administrative organization.

The researcher recommended that the diligent thinkers of the Islamic nation shall Endeavour to draw a government system that suits the conditions and interests of each state but not contradicting a basic Islamic sharia text as things are originally permissible and that the objective is to provide for public interest. The researcher has also called for further studies to draw meanings, concepts, basis and standards from the practical experiences of the different eras of the Islamic state.
Factors for the e-business adoption by small tourism firms and the role of shadow economic practices
Authors: Vladimirov Zhelyu 
Published: February 2022

The goal of this study is to reveal the main factors influencing the e-business adoption by the small tourism firms in Bulgaria with a special attention on the role played by the shadow economic practices in this process. These practices relate to undeclared work, undeclared deals, and sales underreporting by legally registered firms. The research is based on data gathered from 282 small tourism firms’ managers through a structured questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis provided five factors as antecedents to the e-business adoption. These factors reflect the perceptions of environmental pressure, organisational readiness, shadow economic practices in the sector, and managers’ attitudes (positive and negative) towards the e-business. The effects of the factors on the e-business adoption are assessed by a multiple regression model, which include also manager experience and firm size as control variables.
The findings suggest that environmental pressure, organisational readiness, and positive expectations are more likely to enhance the e-business adoption. The manager experience and the firm size influence positively this adoption too. On the contrary, negative expectations and particularly the perceptions of the spread up of shadow economic practices in the sector were more likely to work against the e-business adoption by small tourism firms.
Influence of weather sequence on rabi jowar crop yield at Solapur
Authors: KHAMBETE N. N. , VENKATARAMAN S. 
Published: February 2022

The variations in the grain. and fodder yield of M-35-1 jowar in sowing date trials at Solapur in two typical rainfall years are examined from the meteorological standpoint. The temperature regimes in the vegetative and flowering phases, moisture accretion at or near crop emergence, rainfall Incidence in the vegetative crop phase and soil moisture storage, emerge as the factors chiefly affecting ear development, initial crop stand fodder yield and grain out-turn respectively. The final yield is a result of the interplay of the above effects. More such multi-location studies appear warranted.
Quantitative precipitation forecasting for hydrological prediction over catchment areas with inadequate agrological data by the method of atmospheric water balance
Authors: GUPTA G. R. , SRIVASTAVA K. K. , MEHRA H. C. , BANSAL S. R. 
Published: February 2022

In this paper attempt has been made to estimate rate of precipitation per unit area in and around northeast India containing the catchment of river Bhagirathi by the method of tmospheric water balance as developed by Palmen.
In order to overcome the inadequacy of upper air temperature, wind and humidity data, due to the absence of a waves radiosonde / rawin station in the catchment and the paucity of a close network of such stations in the neighbourhood, radiosonde /rawin data of remote stations like Allahabad, Calcutta, Gauhati, Delhi, Nagpur, Visakhapatnam and port Blair have been made use of for working out the specific humidities at isobaric levels by drawing isopleths of specific humidities and interpolating the values at intermediate points. The isopleths themselves have been drawn with due regard to the airmass prevailing over the area during the rainstorm period. Similarly, isopleths of U and V components of the observed upper winds prevailing over the region have been drawn with reference to the synoptic situation. Upper wind data of pilot balloon stations have also been utilised in addition to those of the radiosonde/ rawin stations for the drawing of isopleths of wind. The divergence of wind has then been calculated by using finite difference method.
The rates of precipitation at different stations and consequently the isohyets of total amounts of precipitation for 9 hours have been compared with those of the observed rainfall at 0830 and 1730 hours of the same day, for individual days of the rainstorm period. The estimated precipitation for 9-hour has also been compared with the observed precipitation at 0830 IST of the next day as the calculated isohyetal patterm for 24 hours was identical with that of the 9 hours except in the magnitudes of the station precipitation. The mean observed storm precipitation has also been compared with the mean calculated amounts of precipitation for the same period as also the precipitation for the period of the storm and 1-day prior to the storm. Storm efficiencies have been calculated between the observed rainfall and the estimated amounts of rainfall. Daily and the mean vertical distribution of the horizontal transport of moisture has been plotted for the storm period.
On interaction between tropical cyclones over Indian seas and neighbourhood
Authors: MUKIIERJEE A. K . , Gupta H.V. , GURUNADIlAM G . 
Published: February 2022

During November 1977 two severec yclonic storms. one over Arabian Sea. another over Ray of Bengal came close to each other and started interacting. As a result Bay storm moved northnor hwcstwards and Arabian Sea storm moved eastsoutheastwards. ased on the theory of motion of binary tropical cyclones as enunciated by Haurwitz, the angles of rotation of the binaryaxis have been computed and found to have excellent agreement with the observed results. Towards the end another cyclone formed over ndianOceansouth of equator. The possibility of inte raction of two cyclones on both sides of equator has also been indicated.
Dry spell probability by Markov chain model and its application to crop developmental stages
Authors: VICTOR U. S. , SASTRY P. S. N. 
Published: February 2022

A first order Markov chain model has been fitted to daily rainfall data of tbe monsoon months in the Delhi region. Conditional probabilities, length of dry spells for different cumulative probabilities with particular reference to developmental stages of bajra crop in the kharif season have been computed and illustrated by means of nomograms.
A mathematical model on the suppression of hail growth
Authors: SINHA D. K. , BANERJI BRATATI , CHAUDHURI SUTAPA 
Published: February 2022

This paper presents essentially a dynamic model on the suppression of hail growth in mathe matical terms. The interaction between the hygroscopic seeding and microphysical parameters are considered and their effects on the total amount of hail and rainfall available at the surface are investigated. The present model reveals some important charlatanistic features on the control of the growth of a hailstone. Correlations are observed between seeding and embryo radius as well as between seeding and the density of the hailstone.

The concentration of ice is found to reduce sufficiently in the seeded case with a possibility of less availability of hail at the surface. The present model is compared with the model developed by the same group of authors (Banerji et al. loc. cit.). It is found that the hygroscopic seeding controls the growth of hailstone.
A meso-scale study of unusually heavy rainfall satellite over south Kerala
Authors: GUPTA G. R. 
Published: February 2022

On 17-18 October 1964 unusually heavy rainfall (40.10 cm) occurred in association with a thunderstorm at Trivandrum in Kerala State. A meso-scale study of the rainfall is attempted which shows a small vortex traveling across Trivandrum on the night of 17October and causing unusually heavy rainfall. The orography might have further accentuated the situation at Ponmudi where 40.64 cm rainfall at a distance of 10 km occurred. Thus, existence of a low level meso-scale vortex & sudden strengthening of winds in upper troposphere provided favorable conditions for development of severe thunderstorm activity over Trivandrum. Region of maximum rainfall followed the track of this vortex.
Membaca Ulang Kisah Natal dari Bingkai Spiritualitas Pentakosta
Authors: Manurung Kosma 
Published: February 2022

Christmas is a celebration commemorating the birth of the Lord Jesus which in the Bible record is a story whose beginning was in God's plan long before the event itself occurred. By using a descriptive analysis approach and literature review, this research intends to offer a perspective on the Christmas story from the Pentecostal spirituality frame. This article contains several examples of the idea of Christmas in the Bible both in the Old Testament and reviews the first Christmas story in the New Testament and also the meaning of Christmas in the context of Pentecostal spirituality. It is concluded that Christmas is the fulfillment of God's promise, Christmas is about divine reconciliation, Christmas also talks about mission, and Christmas is God's means to restore the effects of sin. Natal adalah sebuah perayaan memperingati kelahiran Tuhan Yesus yang dalam catatan Alkitab merupakan sebuah kisah yang permulaannya sudah ada dalam rencana Allah jauh sebelum peristiwa itu sendiri terjadi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analisis dan kajian literatur penelitian ini bermaksud menawarkan sebuah sudut pandang tentang kisah natal dari bingkai spritualitas Pentakosta. Artikel ini berisikan beberapa contoh ide natal dalam Alkitab baik di Perjanjian Lama maupun ulasan kisah natal pertama di Perjanjian Baru dan juga arti natal dalam bingkai spritulitas Pentakosta. Disimpulkan bahwa natal adalah pengenapan janji Allah, natal berintikan tentang rekonisiali ilahi, natal juga berbicara tentang misi, dan natal menjadi sarana Allah untuk memulihkan dampak dosa.
Konsep Memuliakan Tuhan Berdasarkan Lukas 17:11-19 dan Signifikansinya Dalam Kehidupan Abad Modern
Authors: Arifianto Yonatan Alex 
Published: February 2022

In modern times the understanding of the phrase glorifying God has been reduced to only spiritual and church activities or actions. Excavation of the biblical text on the story of Luke 17:11-19 becomes the basis or pattern for compiling its implications for the lives of believers in this modern era. For believers, glorifying God is an attitude of the heart and deepest awareness of the existence of God as the only Supreme Being. The research hopes to provide a correct understanding of the phrase glorifying God according to the story in Luke 17:11-19 so that believers can apply it correctly in their daily lives. The method used is descriptive qualitative research through a literature study approach. The results of the research found that actions and attitudes are the fruit of a state of the soul that glorifies God. Some important points about it are: first, humility is the first step to glorify God. Second, there is an acknowledgment of the authority of the Lord Jesus and giving the highest respect. Third, glorifying God contains a high level of trust and obedience. Fourth, placing God as the only necessity of life. Fifth, glorifying God properly will be marked by the fruits of concrete life that can be felt directly by God and others. Sixth, believers who glorify God will be able to become living models for others. Seventh, being able to let go of the world and all the modern pleasures it offers to focus on living only for God.Pada masa modern ini pemahaman terhadap frasa memuliakan Tuhan mengalami reduksi hanya sebatas pada aktivitas atau tindakan rohani dan bergereja. Penggalian teks Alkitab pada kisah Lukas 17:11-19 menjadi dasar atau pola untuk menyusun implikasinya terhadap kehidupan umat percaya di era modern ini. Bagi umat percaya, memuliakan Tuhan merupakan sikap hati dan kesadaran jiwa terdalam akan keberadaan Tuhan sebagai satu-satunya yang Maha Mulia. Penelitian ini memiliki harapan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang benar terhadap frasa memuliakan Tuhan sesuai kisah dalam Lukas 17:11-19 sehingga umat percaya dapat menerapkannya secara benar dalam keseharian hidup. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah riset kualitatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Hasil riset menemukan bahwa tindakan dan sikap adalah buah dari keadaan jiwa yang memuliakan Tuhan. Beberapa poin penting tentang hal itu yaitu: pertama, kerendahan hati menjadi langkah awal memuliakan Tuhan. Kedua, adanya pengakuan otoritas Tuhan Yesus dan memberikan penghormatan setinggi-tingginya. Ketiga, memuliakan Tuhan memuat sikap percaya tingkat tinggi dan ketaatan. Keempat, menempatkan Tuhan sebagai satu-satunya kebutuhan hidup. Kelima, memuliakan Tuhan secara benar akan ditandai dengan buah-buah kehidupan konkrit yang dapat dirasakan langsung oleh Tuhan dan sesama. Keenam, umat percaya yang memuliakan Tuhan akan mampu menjadi model yang hidup bagi sesama. Ketujuh, mampu melepaskan dunia beserta semua kenikmatan modern yang ditawarkan di dalamnya untuk fokus hidup hanya bagi Tuhan.
The health of young people in Sri Lanka: conducive environment for road to adulthood – a desk review
Authors: Vidanapathirana Janaki , Wijegoonewardene Nimali 
Published: February 2022

Investing in young people is considered a high priority for developing a strong foundation for the future and it has higher benefit-cost ratios. Identifying the present environment in Sri Lanka for the health of young people is important for providing recommendations for the future. This desk review was carried out to review the current environment that is facilitating the health of young people in Sri Lanka. The documents relevant for understanding the current context of policies and strategies on the health of young people were studied. Databases including Google Scholar and PubMed, websites, and documents collected from the experts and key persons were searched. A narrative report with key recommendations was prepared by synthesis of the information extracted. According to the review, there are policies, laws guidelines, and programs in Sri Lanka that address youth health and support access for services and also provide an environment that is conducive for access. These are supported directly and indirectly to the access and provision of the health of youth. There are many positive aspects for youth in the areas of education and health, although there are certain challenges and gaps yet to be addressed. There are very few misleading legal frameworks that prevent youth from accessing sexual health services. Restructuring of school and higher education systems, focusing on a skill-based education system, is an investment that will have a direct effect on promoting the health status of youth. The establishment and strengthening of youth-friendly services will be of utmost importance to improve the status of Sri Lankan youth, addressing the health issues in youth will need inter-sectoral collaboration.
Factors Affecting Business Success of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs); Case Study of Thailand
Authors: Jasper Ann 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to conduct a study on the factors affecting business success of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs), with a Case Study of Thailand.
Design/ Methodology/Approach: For the research methodology, the paper adopted the desktop literature review method (desk study), which involved a vast and detailed review of studies and research addressing the on the factors affecting business success of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs), with a Case Study of Thailand. Simultaneously, an in-depth research of the top keywords related to the same topic was conducted in various databases. As a result, the study was purely qualitative, drawing its findings from secondary sources of information.
Findings: The results show that customer and market, and resources and finance played an important role in ensuring the SMEs business success in Thailand. Innovative product, quality, cost, reliability, and services are the key strategic dimension in business success. Innovative product gives added value to the customer and it is important to achieve a suitable balance between product quality and costs. Small-business owners must have a missionary zeal about their products or services, be willing to be personally involved in it, be willing to stick with the business, be able to define the market clearly and pay attention to details and proactiveness. Beside that, companies must compete based on their strength and specialization which is classified as cost leadership.
Originality/Value: The study concluded that the SMEs Characteristic, Customer and Markets, the way of doing Business & Cooperation, Resources and Finance, and External Environment have significant positive effect on the Business Success of SMEs in Thailand. Management know-how, Product and Services, and Strategy were found to have no significant effect on the Business Success of SMEs in Thailand.
CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PRACTICES AND ONLINE REPUTATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Jasper Ann 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of corporate communication practices on online reputation management.
Design/ Methodology/Approach: The paper adopted the desktop literature review method. This involved an in-depth review of studies related to corporate communication practices and online reputation management. An in-depth search of the top keywords related to corporate communication practices and online reputation management was done in various databases. Thus, the paper was purely qualitative, drawing its findings from secondary sources of information.
Findings: The research concludes and provides practical strategic recommendations regarding effective communications to help guide managers in their planning and execution of their CSR endeavours.
Contribution to policy and practice: Thus, the stronger the attribution of organizational responsibility, the stronger are the emotions like anger and the more likely the act to harm the organization. Undoubtedly, reputation management requires a shift in mindset and approach. Crucially, there is a need for more robust theoretical and practical findings to use as a basis for online reputation building via online communication practices.
Originality/Value: This paper is justified by the fact that it adds to the knowledge and fills the gap that exists with regard to online reputation management. However, from the current review of the papers, some have presented knowledge gaps that form the basis of the current study. Therefore, given the observed problem with many firms in managing online reputation/image, the current paper sought to look into the problem and provide recommendations for further reference by scholars and policymakers. This paper is, thus, important to policymakers in the information and communication sector as it enables them to formulate policies that support and ease the adoption of digital marketing in organizational branding.
DISCRETIONARY BENEFITS AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN STATE AGENCIES: A CASE OF REGULATORY STATE AGENCIES UNDER THE NATIONAL TREASURY, NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Cheptoo Sang Hilda , Kilika James 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Retention of employees in Kenya’s state agencies has been cited as a big challenge that has continued to undermine effective and efficient service delivery to the public. Employee retention is key to these agencies and failure to retain employees significantly affects their operations thus having a great impact on their service delivery, sustainable development and contribution towards Vision 2030. This study explored the influence of discretionary benefits on employee retention in Kenya’s state regulatory Agencies operating under the National Treasury.
Design/ Methodology/Approach: The study adopted descriptive and cross-sectional research designs and 320 employees of the four regulatory state agencies under the National Treasury, Kenya, as of 30th June 2017. Stratified proportionate simple random sampling was used in selecting a sample size of 175 with top, middle-level management and support staff used as strata. Quantitative and qualitative primary data was collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the collected data.
Findings: The study found a positive and significant relationship between three independent variables namely health insurance, wellness programs, and work-life balance and the dependent variable which was employee retention. A pension plan was found to have an insignificant relationship with employee retention.
Contribution to policy and practice: The study concluded that that managers should craft strategies aimed at reducing attrition rates.
Originality/Value: The study extends the literature on strategic human resource management. It is the first study to be conducted on employee retention in state agencies.