bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital alignment and mass segregation in galactic nuclei via vector resonant relaxation
Authors: Magnan Nathan , Fouvry Jean-Baptiste , Pichon Christophe , Chavanis Pierre-Henri 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Supermassive black holes dominate the gravitational potential in galactic nuclei. In these dense environments, stars follow nearly Keplerian orbits and see their orbital planes relax through the potential fluctuations generated by the stellar cluster itself. For typical astrophysical galactic nuclei, the most likely outcome of this vector resonant relaxation is that the orbital planes of the most massive stars spontaneously self-align within a narrow disc. We present a maximum entropy method to systematically determine this long-term distribution of orientations and use it for a wide range of stellar orbital parameters and initial conditions. The heaviest stellar objects are found to live within a thin equatorial disc. The thickness of this disk depends on the stars’ initial mass function, and on the geometry of the initial cluster. This work highlights a possible (indirect) novel method to constrain the distribution of intermediate mass black holes in galactic nuclei.
New insights in copper handling strategies in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under low-iron condition
Authors: Kochoni Emeric , Aharchaou Imad , Ohlund Leanne , Rosabal Maikel , Sleno Lekha , Fortin Claude 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a redox-active transition element critical to various metabolic processes. These functions are accomplished in tandem with Cu-binding ligands, mainly proteins. The main goal of this work was to understand the mechanisms that govern the intracellular fate of Cu in the freshwater green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and more specifically to understand the mechanisms underlying Cu detoxification by algal cells in low-Fe conditions. We show that Cu accumulation was up to 51-fold greater for algae exposed to Cu in low-Fe medium as compared to the replete-Fe growth medium. Using the stable isotope 65Cu as a tracer, we studied the subcellular distribution of Cu within the various cell compartments of C. reinhardtii. These data were coupled with metallomic and proteomic approaches to identify potential Cu-binding ligands in the heat-stable proteins and peptides fraction of the cytosol. Cu was mostly found in the organelles (78%), and in the heat-stable proteins and peptides (21%) fractions. The organelle fraction appeared to also be the main target compartment of Cu accumulation in Fe-depleted cells. As Fe levels in the medium were shown to influence Cu homeostasis, we found that C. reinhardtii can cope with this additional stress by utilizing different Cu-binding ligands. Indeed, in addition to expected Cu-binding ligands such as glutathione and phytochelatins, 25 proteins were detected that may also play a role in the Cu-detoxification processes in C. reinhardtii. Our results shed new light on the coping mechanisms of C. reinhardtii when exposed to environmental conditions that induce high rates of Cu accumulation.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (CKD-MBD) treatment and the risk of dementia
Authors: Mathur Aarti , Ahn JiYoon B , Sutton Whitney , Chu Nadia M , Gross Alden L , Segev Dorry L , McAdams-DeMarco Mara 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundElevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have been reported as a potential risk factor for cognitive impairment. Compared with the general population, older adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are frequently affected by secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) are at increased risk of developing dementia. The main objective of our study was to evaluate if the risk of dementia in older (age ≥66 years) ESRD patients differed if they were treated for SHPT.MethodsUsing the United States Renal Data System and Medicare claims, we identified 189 433 older adults without a diagnosis of dementia, who initiated dialysis between 2006 and 2016. SHPT treatment was defined as the use of vitamin D analogs, phosphate binders, calcimimetics or parathyroidectomy. We quantified the association between treated SHPT and incident dementia during dialysis using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model with inverse probability weighting, considering SHPT treatment as a time-varying exposure.ResultsOf 189 433 older ESRD adults, 92% had a claims diagnosis code of SHPT and 123 388 (65%) were treated for SHPT. The rate of incident dementia was 6 cases per 100 person-years among SHPT treated patients compared with 11 cases per 100 person-years among untreated patients. Compared with untreated SHPT patients, the risk of dementia was 42% lower [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56–0.59] among SHPT treated patients. The magnitude of the beneficial effect of SHPT treatment differed by sex (Pinteraction = .02) and race (Pinteraction ≤ .01), with females (aHR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.54–0.58) and those of Asian (aHR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.46–0.57) or Black race (aHR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.48–0.53) having a greatest reduction in dementia risk.ConclusionReceiving treatment for SHPT was associated with a lower risk of incident dementia among older patients with ESRD. This work provides additional support for the treatment of SHPT in older ESRD patients.
High temperature induces male sterility via MYB66–MYB4–Casein kinase I signaling in cotton
Authors: Li Yanlong , Li Yaoyao , Su Qian , Wu Yuanlong , Zhang Rui , Li Yawei , Ma Yizan , Ma Huanhuan , Guo Xiaoping , Zhu Longfu , Min Ling , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High temperature (HT) causes male sterility and decreases crop yields. Our previous works have demonstrated that sugar and auxin signaling pathways, Gossypium hirsutum Casein kinase I (GhCKI), and DNA methylation are all involved in HT-induced male sterility in cotton. However, the signaling mechanisms leading to distinct GhCKI expression patterns induced by HT between HT-tolerant and HT-sensitive cotton anthers remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a GhCKI promoter (ProGhCKI) region that functions in response to HT in anthers and found the transcription factor GhMYB4 binds to this region to act as an upstream positive regulator of GhCKI. In the tapetum of early-stage cotton anthers, upregulated expression of GhMYB4 under HT and overexpressed GhMYB4 under normal temperature both led to severe male sterility phenotypes, coupled with enhanced expression of GhCKI. We also found that GhMYB4 interacts with GhMYB66 to form a heterodimer to enhance its binding to ProGhCKI. However, GhMYB66 showed an expression pattern similar to GhMYB4 under HT but did not directly bind to ProGhCKI. Furthermore, HT reduced siRNA-mediated CHH DNA methylations in the GhMYB4 promoter, which enhanced the expression of GhMYB4 in tetrad stage anthers and promoted the formation of the GhMYB4/GhMYB66 heterodimer, which in turn elevated the transcription of GhCKI in the tapetum, leading to male sterility. Overall, we shed light on the GhMYB66–GhMYB4–GhCKI regulatory pathway in response to HT in cotton anthers.
EXTRA LARGE G-PROTEIN2 mediates cell death and hyperimmunity in the chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1-4 mutant
Authors: Petutschnig Elena , Anders Julia , Stolze Marnie , Meusel Christopher , Hacke Ronja , Much Laura , Schwier Melina , Gippert Anna-Lena , Kroll Samuel , Fasshauer Patrick , Wiermer Marcel , Lipka Volker 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are signal transduction complexes that comprised three subunits, Gα, Gβ, and Gγ, and are involved in many aspects of plant life. The noncanonical Gα subunit EXTRA LARGE G-PROTEIN2 (XLG2) mediates pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and immunity downstream of pattern recognition receptors. A mutant of the chitin receptor component CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1), cerk1-4, maintains normal chitin signaling capacity but shows excessive cell death upon infection with powdery mildew fungi. We identified XLG2 mutants as suppressors of the cerk1-4 phenotype. Mutations in XLG2 complex partners ARABIDOPSIS Gβ1 (AGB1) and Gγ1 (AGG1) have a partial cerk1-4 suppressor effect. Contrary to its role in PAMP-induced immunity, XLG2-mediated control of ROS production by RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUE D (RBOHD) is not critical for cerk1-4-associated cell death and hyperimmunity. The cerk1-4 phenotype is also independent of the co-receptor/adapter kinases BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1) and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1 1 (SOBIR1), but requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase PLANT U-BOX 2 (PUB2). XLG2 localizes to both the cell periphery and nucleus, and the cerk1-4 cell death phenotype is mediated by the cell periphery pool of XLG2. Integrity of the XLG2 N-terminal domain, but not its phosphorylation, is essential for correct XLG2 localization and formation of the cerk1-4 phenotype. Our results support a model in which XLG2 acts downstream of an unknown cell surface receptor that activates an NADPH oxidase-independent cell death pathway in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
Sensorimotor Relationalism and Conscious Vision
Authors: Ward Dave 
Published: May 2022

AbstractI argue that the phenomenal properties of conscious visual experiences are properties of the mind-independent objects to which the subject is perceptually related, mediated by the subject's practical understanding of their sensorimotor relation to those properties. This position conjoins two existing strategies for explaining the phenomenal character of perceptual experiences: accounts appealing to perceivers’ limited, non-inferential access to the details of their sensory relation to the environment, and the relationalist conception of phenomenal properties. Bringing these two positions together by emphasizing their sensorimotor common ground allows each one to respond to damaging objections using the resources of the other. The resulting ‘sensorimotor relationalism’ about conscious vision provides a promising schema for explaining phenomenal properties of perceptual states, replacing ‘Hard’ questions with tractable ones about the perceptual relation and its sensorimotor underpinnings.
30-Day Readmission Reduction in a Skilled Facility Population Through Pharmacist-Driven Medication Reconciliation
Authors: Phillips Marc , Dillaman Megan , Matuga Rebekah , Sweet Michael , Lerfald Nathan , Krupica Troy , Briggs Frank 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Transitions of care can be difficult to manage and if not performed properly, can lead to increased readmissions and poor outcomes. Transitions are more complex when patients are discharged to skilled nursing facilities.

Purpose:
We assessed the impact of pharmacist-led initiatives, including medication reconciliation, on readmission rates between an academic medical center and a local skilled nursing facility (SNF).

Methods:
We conducted a two-phase quality improvement project focusing on pharmacist-led medication reconciliation at different points in the transition process. All-cause 30-day readmission rates, medication reconciliation completion rates, and total pharmacist interventions were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
The combined intervention and baseline cohorts resulted in a 29.8% relative reduction (14.5% vs. 20.6%) in readmission rates. Medication reconciliation was completed on 93.8% of SNF admitted patients in the first phase and 97.7% of patients in the second phase. Pharmacist interventions per reconciliation were 2.39 in the first phase compared with 1.82 in the second phase.

Conclusion:
Pharmacist-led medication reconciliation can contribute to reduction of hospital readmissions from SNFs and is an essential part of the SNF transition process.
Comparison of Laboratory and Hemodynamic Time Series Data Across Original, Alpha, and Delta Variants in Patients With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Jain Parag N. , Acosta Sebastian , Annapragada Ananth , Checchia Paul A. , Moreira Axel , Muscal Eyal , Sartain Sarah E. , Tejtel S. Kristen Sexson , Vogel Tiphanie P. , Shekerdemian Lara , Rusin Craig G. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic parameters during hospitalization for patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), across the Original/Alpha and the Delta variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Single-center quaternary children’s hospital.

PATIENTS:
Children with MIS-C admitted from May 2020 to February 2021(Original and Alpha variant cohort) and August 2021 to November 2021 (Delta variant cohort).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Continuous vital sign measurements, laboratory results, medications data, and hospital outcomes from all subjects were evaluated. Of the 134 patients (102 with Original/Alpha and 32 with Delta), median age was 9 years, 75 (56%) were male, and 61 (46%) were Hispanics. The cohort with Original/Alpha variant had more males (61% vs 41%; p = 0.036) and more respiratory/musculoskeletal symptoms on presentation compared with the Delta variant (p < 0.05). More patients in the Original/Alpha variant cohort received mechanical ventilation (16 vs 0; p = 0.009). Median hospital length of stay (LOS) was 7 days, and ICU LOS was 3 days for the entire cohort. ICU LOS was shorter in cohort with the Delta variant compared with the Original/Alpha variant (4 vs 2 d; p = 0.001). Only one patient had cardiac arrest, two needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and two needed left ventricular assist device (Impella, Danvers, MA), all in the Original/Alpha variant cohort; no mortality occurred in the entire cohort. MIS-C cohort associated with the Delta variant had lower INR, prothrombin time, WBCs, sodium, phosphorus, and potassium median values (p < 0.05) during hospitalization compared with the Original/Alpha variants. Hemodynamic assessment showed significant tachycardia in the Original/Alpha variants cohort compared with the Delta variant cohort (p < 0.05).

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with MIS-C associated with the Delta variants had lower severity during hospitalization compared with the Original/Alpha variant. Analysis of distinct trends in clinical and laboratory parameters with future variants of concerns will allow for potential modification of treatment protocol.
Effect of pulsating solidification on the surface properties of conductive materials
Authors: Qin Rongshan , Bhagurkar Ashutosh 
Published: May 2022

Application of pulsed electric current to solidifying conductive materials leads to a rapid and significant reduction of surface roughness. This is validated experimentally in the present work for multi-component oxides. The surface geometry of the casts without and with pulsating treatment was measured using a Leica DCM-3D Profiler. The pulsating treatment reduces the roughness of solidified materials by more than 50%. The unmeasurable points, which account for nearly 2% of total area, were interpolated using an artificial multi-layer neural network. Both the experimentally measured and neural network interpolated surface profile data were implemented to the calculation of electric current free energy. The results show that the electric current free energy can overtake surface energy and provide a significant driving force to the kinetics of surface evolution in solidification. Distortion of the electric field is noticed around the interface.
Normal form for maps with nilpotent linear part
Authors: Mokhtari Fahimeh , Roell Ernst , Sanders Jan A. 
Published: May 2022

The normal form for an

n

-dimensional map with irreducible nilpotent linear part is determined using

s
l

2

-representation theory. We sketch by example how the reducible case can also be treated in an algorithmic manner. The construction (and proof) of the

s
l

2

-triple from the nilpotent linear part is more complicated than one would hope for, but once the abstract

s
l

2

theory is in place, both the description of the normal form and the computational splitting to compute the generator of the coordinate transformation can be handled explicitly in terms of the nilpotent linear part without the explicit knowledge of the triple. If one wishes one can compute the normal form such that it is guaranteed to lie in the kernel of an operator and one can be sure that this is really a normal form with respect to the nilpotent linear part; one can state that the normal form is in

s
l

2

-style. Although at first sight the normal form theory for maps is more complicated than for vector fields in the nilpotent case, it turns out that the final result is much better. Where in the vector field case one runs into invariant theoretical problems when the dimension gets larger if one wants to describe the general form of the normal form, for maps we obtain results without any restrictions on the dimension. In the literature only the two-dimensional nilpotent case has been described so far, as far as we know.
Selective and tunable excitation of topological non-Hermitian quasi-edge modes
Authors: Longhi Stefano 
Published: May 2022

Non-Hermitian lattices under semi-infinite boundary conditions sustain an extensive number of exponentially localized states, dubbed non-Hermitian quasi-edge modes. Quasi-edge states arise rather generally in systems displaying the non-Hermitian skin effect and can be predicted from the non-trivial topology of the energy spectrum under periodic boundary conditions via a bulk-edge correspondence. However, the selective excitation of the system in one among the infinitely many topological quasi-edge states is challenging both from practical and conceptual viewpoints. In fact, in any realistic system with a finite lattice size most of the quasi-edge states collapse and become metastable states. Here we suggest a route toward the selective and tunable excitation of topological quasi-edge states that avoids the collapse problem by emulating semi-infinite lattice boundaries via tailored on-site potentials at the edges of a finite lattice. We illustrate such a strategy by considering a non-Hermitian topological interface obtained by connecting two Hatano–Nelson chains with opposite imaginary gauge fields, which is amenable for a full analytical treatment.
A micromechanical model for phase-change composites
Authors: Li Xiying , Wang Shuang , Lu Lu , Lv Pengyu , Duan Huiling 
Published: May 2022

Phase-change composites have a wide range of tunable mechanical properties caused by temperature-driven phase transition, and have been widely applied in many cutting-edge fields like soft robotics. Previous studies on the effective mechanical properties of phase-change composites mostly use experimental methods, and there have been few theoretical approaches. In this work, we develop a micromechanical framework capable of tracking the effective mechanical properties of phase-change composites throughout the entire phase transition. The phase-change materials embedded in the composites are modelled as inclusions, and the non-phase-change materials are modelled as the matrix. This allows us to determine the effective mechanical properties of phase-change composites via the energy equivalency approach. Moreover, since the new phase will be generated inside the phase-change inclusions in the form of sub-inclusions during the phase transition, the inclusions are modelled as two-phase composites, and their effective mechanical properties are then determined using the Mori–Tanaka method. Finally, by comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data, the accuracy and reliability of the present model are verified. We believe that the proposed model can serve as a powerful tool for evaluating the effective mechanical properties of phase-change composites and provide theoretical guidelines for the design of advanced devices with tunable mechanical performance.
Auditory spatial analysis in reverberant audio-visual multi-talker environments with congruent and incongruent visual room information
Authors: Ahrens Axel , Lund Kasper Duemose 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn multi-talker situation, listeners have the challenge to identify a target speech source out of a mixture of interfering background noises. In the current study it was investigate how listeners analyze audio-visual scenes with varying complexity in terms of number of talkers and reverberation. Furthermore, the visual information of the room was either coherent with the acoustic room or incoherent. The listeners’ task was to locate an ongoing speech source in a mixture of other speech sources. The 3D audio-visual scenarios were presented using a loudspeaker array and virtual reality glasses. It was shown that room reverberation as well as the number of talkers in a scene influence the ability to analyze an auditory scene in terms of accuracy and response time. Incongruent visual information of the room did not affect this ability. When few talkers were presented simultaneously, listeners were able to quickly and accurately detect a target talker even in adverse room acoustical conditions. Reverberation started to affect the response time when four or more talkers were presented. The number of talkers became a significant factor for five or more simultaneous talkers.
Genotyping and population structure of the China Kadoorie Biobank
Authors: Walters Robin G , Millwood Iona Y , Lin Kuang , Valle Dan Schmidt , McDonnell Pandora , Hacker Alex , Avery Daniel , Cai Na , Kretzschmar Warren W , Ansari M Azim , Lyons Paul A , Collins Rory , Donnelly Peter , Hill Michael , Peto Richard , Shen Hongbing , Jin Xin , Nie Chao , Xu Xun , Guo Yu , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Clarke Robert J , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming ,   the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: May 2022

SummaryChina Kadoorie Biobank is a population-based prospective cohort of >512,000 adults recruited in 2004-2008 from 10 geographically diverse regions across China. Detailed data from questionnaire and physical measurements were collected at baseline, with additional measurements at three resurveys involving approximately 5% of surviving participants. Incident disease events are captured through electronic linkage to death and disease registries and to the national health insurance system. Genome-wide genotyping has been conducted for >100,000 participants using custom-designed Axiom® arrays. Analysis of these data reveals extensive relatedness within the CKB cohort, signatures of recent consanguinity, and principal component signatures reflecting large-scale population movements from recent Chinese history. In addition to numerous CKB studies of candidate drug targets and disease risk factors, CKB has made substantial contributions to many international genetics consortia. Collected biosamples are now being used for high-throughput ‘omics assays which, together with planned whole genome sequencing, will continue to enhance the scientific value of this biobank.