bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wet surface wall model for latent heat exchange during evaporation
Authors: Inthavong Kiao , Fletcher David F. , Khamooshi Mehrdad , Vahaji Sara , Salati Hana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAir conditioning is a dual heat and mass transfer process, and the human nasal cavity achieves this through the mucosal wall surface, which is supplied with an energy source through the sub‐epithelial network of capillaries. Computational studies of air conditioning in the nasal cavity have included temperature and humidity, but most studies solved these flow parameters separately, and in some cases, a constant mucosal surface temperature was used. Recent developments demonstrated that both heat and mass transfer need to be modeled. This work expands on existing modeling efforts in accounting for the nasal cavity's dual heat and mass transfer process by introducing a new subwall model, given in the Supplementary Materials. The model was applied to a pipe geometry, and a human nasal cavity was recreated from CT‐scans, and six inhalation conditions were studied. The results showed that when the energy transfer from the latent heat of evaporation is included, there is a cooling effect on the mucosal surface temperature.
Prediction model for discomfort luminance levels of head‐mounted displays
Authors: Ha Hyeyoung , Kwak Youngshin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo predict the luminance threshold of head‐mounted displays (HMDs), which can cause discomfort due to excessive brightness, a psychophysical experiment was conducted with 20 participants through a yes/no task under a wide luminance range (2–284 cd/m2). The participants were asked to adapt to the luminance of the HMD and further answer whether the test luminance of the HMD caused discomfort. The discomfort threshold was determined for each individual at each adaptation luminance, and a prediction model was proposed based on the mean value of each participant's discomfort luminance level. The proposed model represents that individuals may experience discomfort using an HMD with a luminance of about 280 cd/m2, regardless of whether they are provided time to adapt to the luminance for 2 min.
Colored skins and vibrant hybrids: Manipulating visual perceptions of depth and form in double‐curved architectural surfaces through informed use of color, transparency and light
Authors: Zboinska Malgorzata A. , Dumitrescu Delia , Billger Monica , Amborg Eva 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe past decades of research on color and light yielded vast knowledge supporting their informed use in architectural design. While there currently exists a rich body of knowledge and methods geared to affect the perception of depth and form in tiled, opaque architectural surfaces, not many such methods have been developed for double‐curved, transparent, in‐mass colored surfaces. The perception of depth and form in these surfaces relies on a complex blend of parameters, such as color combinations, illumination source, angle of viewing, location of shadows and reflections, material thickness and grade of transparency. To determine the visual effects caused by some of these parameters, experiments based on visual observations were carried out involving handcrafted, in‐mass colored, undulant architectural surfaces. The insights from the experiments then served to develop four color strategies for architectural surface design harnessing the discovered effects in diverse ways. Through this, the study has sought first to observe and understand the effects of color and light in perceiving undulant surfaces, and second to highlight the potentials of harnessing these effects in the design of expressive architectural elements. The main insight from the study is that informed and deliberate application of color and light yields a wide range of potentially interesting perceptual effects in double‐curved architectural surfaces, such as spatial filtering, gradient screening, vibrant massing and animate reshaping. Such effects, applied in an architectural context, can help to fulfill the demand for physical environmental enrichment in the digital era.
Design and performance analysis of an ultra‐high‐speed 5‐2 compressor
Authors: Fathi Amir , Ghasemi Mir Majid , Khoei Abdollah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel ultra‐high‐speed 5‐2 compressor is presented and discussed in this paper. The proposed structure is developed by modifying the truth table focusing on the carry rippling problem. By reducing the number of the states in the truth table and the complexity of the structure, the total delay is reduced while the power and active area are also improved. The proposed compressor is compared with the best recently reported ones where the designed architecture shows 9%–80% improvement in power delay product (PDP). For a better demonstration of the advantages, the proposed structure is placed in the body of a 16 × 16‐bit multiplier and is compared with the other multipliers consisting of the other 5‐2 compressor architectures. The results indicate an improvement equal to 13%. It must also be mentioned that the gate‐level delay calculation is emphasized in this paper, where a precise estimation method is utilized considering the capacitances at the middle‐stage nodes. Based on the calculations, the designed circuit has the minimum gate‐level delay compared to the other related works due to its minimal intermediate connections. For simulating the proposed structure, a standard CMOS 0.18‐μm process along with HSPICE software is used, where the results show a delay of 266.5 ps with a power consumption of 164 μw.
The relationship between cognitive engagement and better memory in midlife
Authors: Bransby Lisa , Buckley Rachel F. , Rosenich Emily , Franks Katherine H. , Yassi Nawaf , Maruff Paul , Pase Matthew P. , Lim Yen Ying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionEngagement in cognitively stimulating work and activities may slow cognitive decline and dementia. We examined the individual and combined associations of four cognitive engagement indices (educational attainment, occupational complexity, social engagement, and cognitively stimulating leisure activities) with objective and subjective cognition.MethodsMiddle‐aged adults (n = 1864) enrolled in the Healthy Brain Project completed the Cogstate Brief Battery, the Cognitive Function Instrument, and self‐report questionnaires of cognitive engagement.ResultsEducational attainment and leisure activity engagement were individually associated with memory performance. Participants were classified based on whether they rated highly in zero to four cognitive engagement indices. Compared to participants with no indices, participants with two or more indices performed moderately better on memory.DiscussionResults suggest that greater variety of cognitive engagement across different areas of life is related to better memory in midlife. Possible explanation for this relationship may be increased opportunity for enhancing cognitive reserve, but further investigations are required.
Validation of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Lewy Body Disease Module neuropsychological tests
Authors: Rahman‐Filipiak Annalise , Sadaghiyani Shima , Davis Katrail , Bhaumik Arijit K. , Paulson Henry L. , Giordani Bruno , Hampstead Benjamin M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study assessed the construct validity and clinical utility of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) Module, consisting of the Speeded Attention and Noise Pareidolia Tasks.MethodsParticipants included 459 older adults diagnosed as cognitively normal (n = 202), or with non‐amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 61), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 96), Alzheimer's disease dementia (n = 44), or LBD (n = 56).ResultsSpeeded Attention demonstrated strong convergent validity and moderate discriminant validity when compared to established neuropsychological tests. Noise Pareidolia demonstrated strong discriminant validity, but limited convergent validity. Noise Pareidolia scores were significantly lower in those with reported hallucinations, delusions, or REM sleep behavior disorder symptoms. LBD Module tests discriminated well between cognitively normal adults and those with LBD.DiscussionThe LBD Module demonstrates promising construct validity and clinical utility, which support its use across research and clinical settings.
Density‐dependent patterns of multivariate selection on sperm motility and morphology in a broadcast spawning mussel
Authors: Hadlow Jessica H. , Lymbery Rowan A. , Evans Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSperm cells exhibit extraordinary phenotypic variation, both among taxa and within individual species, yet our understanding of the adaptive value of sperm trait variation across multiple contexts is incomplete. For species without the opportunity to choose mating partners, such as sessile broadcast spawning invertebrates, fertilization depends on gamete interactions, which in turn can be strongly influenced by local environmental conditions that alter the concentration of sperm and eggs. However, the way in which such environmental factors impact phenotypic selection on functional gamete traits remains unclear in most systems. Here, we analyze patterns of linear and nonlinear multivariate selection under experimentally altered local sperm densities (densities within the capture zone of eggs) on a range of functionally important sperm traits in the broadcast spawning marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Specifically, we assay components of sperm motility and morphology across two fertilization environments that simulate either sperm limitation (when there are too few sperm to fertilize all available eggs), or sperm saturation (when there are many more sperm than required for fertilization, and the risk of polyspermy and embryonic failure is heightened). Our findings reveal that the strength, form, and targets of selection on sperm depend on the prevailing fertilization environment. In particular, our analyses revealed multiple significant axes of nonlinear selection on sperm motility traits under sperm limitation, but only significant negative directional selection on flagellum length under sperm saturation. These findings highlight the importance of local sperm densities in driving the adaptation of sperm phenotypes, particularly those related to sperm motility, in broadcast spawning invertebrates.
Nickel (0) Complexes as Promising Chemosensors for Detecting the “Cork Taint” in Wine
Authors: Damiano Caterina , Intrieri Daniela , Sonzini Paolo , Rizzato Silvia , Di Natale Corrado , Paolesse Roberto , Gallo Emma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract2,4,6‐Trichloroanisole (TCA) is well recognized as one of the most responsible molecules of cork taint, an organoleptic defect of wine which represents a serious problem for wine industries. Up to now, very few examples of TCA‐biosensors have been developed and we report herein a promising nickel (0) complex that can be employed as chemosensor for the TCA detection in cork stoppers. Among the three Ni (0) complexes studied in this work, complex Ni(0)(BINAP)(η2‐PhCN) (2) showed the best reactivity towards pure TCA affording the oxidative addition product 4 in four hours at room temperature. Compound 4 represents an appealing probe for the indirect quantification of TCA due to the presence of the characteristic UV‐adsorption band at 444 nm. Statistical studies on real samples confirmed that the presence of TCA can be detected by employing UV‐Visible spectroscopy, as demonstrated by PCA analyses which allowed distinguishing TCA‐contaminated samples from non‐contaminated ones. Even if the present study has to be considered a preliminary approach for the realization of a chemosensor usable in real systems, the here reported Ni (0)‐based sensing procedure represents the first examples of TCA chemical detection.
Metals in Medicine
Authors: Glazer Edith C. , Casini Angela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe field of “Metals in Medicine” presents an unusual marriage of disciplines, merging the hard science of inorganic chemistry with the intricacy and variability of biochemistry and physiology. Researchers in the field dedicate themselves to understanding, and perturbing, the activities of metals that are found in biology and influence human health, or to introducing unnatural inorganic systems and materials for the detection, monitoring, and treatment of disease.
New record of Polygonatum multiflorum in Hyrcanian forests, north of Iran
Authors: Zare Habib , Amini Tayebeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. (Asparagaceae) is a geophyte and remarkable forest species and the specimens have been collected from woodlands of highland forests in the Hyrcanian region. In this study, this species is described for the first time as a new record for the flora of Iran. Besides, based on localities of the observed and collected areas, the geographical distribution of the species is mapped in the Caspian forest zone from East to central parts of northern slopes of Alborz Mountain. According to the population status of the species, IUCN threat categories of these species have been discussed.
Endangered Species Act Expenditures for Fish Taxa Managed by The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Are Predicted by Lawsuits, Captive Propagation, and Region
Authors: Shirey Patrick D , Colvin Susan A R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) established a priority ranking system in 1983 to guide expenditure allocations for implementing recovery plans. Priorities were intended to be based on factors such as magnitude and immediacy of threat as well as distinctiveness of gene pools. We examined what predicts expenditures for fish taxa listed under the Endangered Species Act and managed by the USFWS. Multiple log-linear regressions on combined state and federal expenditures for listed species for each fiscal year from 2012 to 2017 indicated that expenditures varied between USFWS legacy regions, and increased with species geographic range and if a species has been propagated in captivity or litigated. If a species is litigated, the corresponding expected increase in expenditures ranges from 166% to 606% depending on the year. If a species is propagated, the corresponding increase in expenditures ranges from 142% to 494% depending on the year. We recommend that the USFWS evaluate the priority ranking system in the context of litigation, propagation, and legacy region being predictors of expenditures.
Authenticity and Clinical Decision‐Making
Authors: Haupt Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo articles in the January‐February 2022 issue of the Hastings Center Report concern authenticity as an aid to clinical decision‐making. The lead article, by Matilda Carter, intervenes in a debate concerning decision‐making on behalf of people with advance directives instructing that, should they develop dementia, they not be given life‐sustaining treatment and who now have the illness and are unable to make informed medical decisions. Carter develops her position on the authority an advance directive should hold in such cases by arguing that the only principle needed for substitute decision‐making is that of determining authenticity. In the second article, Ryan Nelson et al. identify pediatric authenticity as an important decision‐making standard, especially in caring for children too young to assent to treatment.
On Ethicists and Their Diets
Authors: DeGrazia David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFactory farming is one of the most destructive institutions in human history. In the United States alone, it raises and kills ten billion animals every year. Conditions in which animals live and the way they are treated in transit are exceptionally cruel. Factory farming is also an environmental disaster. Do ethicists have a greater obligation than the average person to maintain an ethical diet? Various psychological and cultural factors explain why most people in our society regularly consume meat, eggs, and dairy products from factory farms even though there is an overwhelmingly strong case that doing so is wrong. But ethicists are supposed to be good at examining important ethical questions. So, while they have the same obligation as everyone else, ethicists have no excuses for failing to understand dietary ethics and living accordingly.
Disability Affirmative Action Requirements for the U.S. HHS and Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Lawson Nicholas D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMedical professionals exert enormous influence over the lives of persons with disabilities by providing medical care and by generating medical research and medical information about them that form the basis for policies and practices that affect their everyday lives. Yet persons with disabilities remain substantially underrepresented within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ workforce, among academic medical centers’ employees, and in the health professions. The U.S. HHS and academic medical centers appear to be noncompliant with their obligations to engage in disability affirmative action under sections 501 and 503 of the Rehabilitation Act. This essay describes these requirements and contrasts them with medical leaders’ “well‐being” agendas. It also describes ongoing medical research on “burnout” being conducted on medical employees and further enabled through the Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act. The essay calls for a wholesale change in approaches to persons with disabilities within the health and medical professions.
Less is more: Removing a modality of an expected olfactory‐visual stimulation enhances brain activation
Authors: Schicker Doris , Blankenagel Sonja , Zimmer Claus , Hauner Hans , Freiherr Jessica 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, multisensory integration of visual and olfactory stimuli has extensively been explored resulting in the identification of responsible brain areas. As the experimental designs of previous research often include alternating presentations of unimodal and bimodal stimuli, the conditions cannot be regarded as completely independent. This could lead to effects of an expected but surprisingly missing sensory modality. In our experiment, we used a common functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study design with alternating strong unimodal and bimodal olfactory‐visual food stimuli, in addition to a slight overhang of the bimodal stimuli in an effort to examine the effects of removing a visual or olfactory congruent stimulus for older people (41–83 years). Our results suggest that the processing of olfactory and visual stimuli stays intact over a wide age‐range and that the utilization of strong stimuli does not lead to superadditive multisensory integration in accordance with the principle of inverse effectiveness. However, our results demonstrate that the removal of a stimulus modality leads to an activation of additional brain areas. For example, when the visual stimulus modality is missing, the right posterior superior temporal gyrus shows higher activation, whereas the removal of the olfactory stimulus modality leads to higher activation in the amygdala/hippocampus and the postcentral gyrus. These brain areas are related to attention, memory, and the search of the missing stimulus. Consequently, careful attention must be paid to the design of a valid, multimodal sensory experiment while also controlling for cognitive expectancy effects that might confound multimodal results.
Reading to bilingual preschoolers: An experimental study of two book formats
Authors: Brouillard Melanie , Dubé Daphnée , Byers‐Heinlein Krista 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReading stories to children provides opportunities for word learning. Bilingual children, however, encounter new words in each of their languages during shared storybook reading, and the way in which these words are presented can vary. We compared learning from two types of bilingual book materials: single‐language books and bilingual books. Five‐year‐old English‐French bilinguals (n = 67) were randomly assigned to hear an original story from a balanced bilingual experimenter in one of the two book formats. Children's learning of English and French labels for five novel objects embedded in the story was assessed via a pointing task. Children were successful at learning words in both languages, and performance was not affected by book format nor children's language proficiency. These results suggest that children are flexible word learners and that shared book reading – regardless of book format – is an effective way to teach bilingual children new words in two languages.Highlights
In a shared storybook reading task, bilingual 5‐year‐olds encountered new words in two languages via single‐language or bilingual books.
Word learning from the two book formats was compared. Both formats supported word learning, regardless of children's language proficiency.
Bilingual children are flexible word learners, and shared book reading – regardless of book format – supports bilingual literacy development.
Professional quality of life in home visitors: Core components of the reflective supervisory relationship and IMH‐E® Endorsement® engagement
Authors: Eaves Tanika , Robinson JoAnn L. , Brown Edna , Britner Preston 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfant and early childhood home visiting models are gaining prominence as effective programs for families. Most U.S. state infant mental health associations (IMHAs) recommend reflective supervision (RS) and Infant Mental Health (IMH‐E®) Endorsement® as components of home visitor professional development. These efforts may promote workforce professional quality of life. It is unknown whether a workplace policy to provide RS improves the likelihood that best practice guidelines, especially core components of a reflective supervisory relationship, are experienced by the workforce. We sought to investigate associations between home visitor well‐being indicated by professional quality of life (i.e., burnout, secondary traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction) and a workplace policy providing RS, consistent experience of core components of a reflective supervisory relationship, and engagement in endorsement. We also examined differences in consistently experiencing core components of the reflective supervisory relationship in home visitors who reported having a workplace policy for providing RS and those who did not, and for home visitors engaged or not engaged in the endorsement process. A Workplace Supports Survey was designed to investigate these associations; we report findings from a sample of home visitor respondents (N = 139). A policy to provide RS was not associated with professional quality of life. However, analyses suggest an association between a policy to provide RS and consistently experiencing core components of a reflective supervisory relationship. Unanticipated positive associations between engagement in endorsement and burnout and secondary traumatic stress were also found. Finally, engagement in endorsement was associated with less consistent experience of these core components. Implications for future inquiry about the purposes of RS and IECMH Endorsement® as strategies to promote workforce development and well‐being are discussed.