bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nietzsche on Morality, Drives, and Human Greatness
Authors: Janaway Christopher 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nietzsche presents as an ideal the affirmation of oneself, or one’s life, as a whole, without wanting anything to be different. He also talks of greatness in terms of an internal constitution of the drives. The chapter argues that Nietzschean drives and instincts are dispositions of a certain kind that are not fully within the agent’s rational control, but are mutable and subject to alteration by cultural environments. Moral beliefs and other consciously held moral attitudes must be seen as effects of states of the drives, but also as causally influencing the states of the drives, since Nietzsche regards morality as both a symptom of decline in human flourishing and a danger to it. The converse of this is that an attitude of self-affirmation can function both as a symptom of the state of the drives characteristic of greatness, and as a promoter of that state.
Internally Displaced Persons and International Refugee Law
Authors: Ní­ Ghráinne Bríd 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are persons who have been forced or obliged to leave their places of habitual residence because of armed conflict, violence, human rights violations, or natural or human-made disasters, but who remain within their states. There are about 55 million IDPs in the world today, outnumbering refugees by roughly 2:1. Although IDPs and refugees have similar wants, needs, and fears, IDPs have traditionally been seen as a domestic issue and the international legal and institutional framework of IDP protection is still in its relative infancy. This book explores to what extent the protection of IDPs complements or conflicts with international refugee law. Specifically, it asks (i) what is the legal and normative relationship between IDPs and refugees? (ii) to what extent is an individual’s risk of internal displacement in their country of origin relevant to the qualification and cessation of refugee status? (iii) to what extent is the availability of IDP protection measures an alternative to asylum? It argues that the IDP protection framework does not, as a matter of law, undermine refugee protection. The availability of protection within a country of origin cannot be a substitute for granting refugee status unless it constitutes effective protection from persecution and there is no real risk of refoulement. The book concludes by identifying current and future challenges in the relationship between IDPs and refugees, by illustrating the overall impact and importance of the findings of the research, and by setting out questions for future research.
Framing the enquiry
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O’Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe conceptual orientation to achieve the book’s critical explanatory purpose is detailed. The research conducted by the authors was underpinned by a critical realist metatheoretical position, justified on the grounds that it facilitates explanation through inferred generative causal mechanisms, of which the subjects of research may be unaware. The theoretical orientation is elaborated to grasp the complex change process through which the national leadership development interventions were mounted and implemented, and to examine how they impacted on senior staff from public service organizations participating in the provision. A structurally based elite perspective on the dynamics of domination is articulated, entailing uses of hard power and soft power in committing symbolic violence, where perpetrators and recipients collude in sustaining domination. It is complemented by a focus on the orchestration of change by elites and their associates, achieved through the expression of corporate agency across different administrative levels within a public service system.
Investigating an extreme case: national interventions to develop public service leaders
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O’Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter outlines the large-scale qualitative research that the authors conducted in England during the mid-2000s on three of the national leadership development interventions from the suite constituting our extreme case: for school education, healthcare, and higher education. The investigation focused on perceptions and motivations framing the actions of elite groups across the administrative system, including their uses of persuasive power to shape the culture of senior staff from public service organizations. The scope of data generation and analysis is summarized, entailing critical discourse analysis of policy documents and interviews with policy makers, senior officials responsible for the interventions and commissioned trainers, senior officials of representative bodies for senior staff, and senior staff themselves. The key heuristic concept of leaderism is defined, capturing the ideological discourse of leadership comprising an emergent offshoot of managerialism. One key research focus was on the linkage forged by government elites between leaderism and implementing regulated marketization reforms.
The ‘new normal’
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O’Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe diffuse contemporary legacy left by the extreme case of national leadership development interventions is explored through a comparative desk research-based review of one national or regional intervention for school education, healthcare, and higher education in the United States of America (USA), Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and England. Varied contextual factors affect engagement in large-scale interventions. Governments in all five countries are pursuing public service neoliberalization through regulated marketization reforms. England remains an outlier in terms of the centralization and comprehensiveness of national leadership development interventions for school education and healthcare, but several other governments are also mounting major interventions for these service sectors. Interventions for higher education are mounted by representative bodies or non-profit organizations promoting the professionalization of their senior staff members as leaders. The greatest potential for the interventions reviewed to operate as an elite policy meta-lever lies in England for school education and healthcare, but they may not do so in practice.
Have you ACED it? How to successfully implement performance-oriented, Acute Critical Event Debriefing
Authors: Dahan Maya , Lirette Marie-Pier , Campbell Douglas M , Moga Michael-Alice 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Acute Critical Event Debriefing (ACED) after cardiopulmonary arrests should be the standard of care. However, little literature exists on how to implement performance-focused ACED in healthcare. Based on a series of successful ACED implementations in a variety of our settings, we describe key learnings and propose best practices to aid clinicians and organizations in establishing a successful ACED program. Within this practical guide, we also present a novel, standardized debriefing tool (Hotwash) that has been adapted for a variety of clinical settings.
Sleep architecture is associated with core symptom severity in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kawai Makoto , Buck Casey , Chick Christina F , Anker Lauren , Talbot Lisa , Schneider Logan , Linkovski Omer , Cotto Isabelle , Parker-Fong Kai , Phillips Jennifer , Hardan Antonio Y , Hallmayer Joachim , O’Hara Ruth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesWhile caregiver-reported sleep disturbances are common in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder ([‘), few studies have measured objective sleep in ASD compared to controls, and their findings are mixed. We investigated (1) differences in sleep architecture, specifically slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, between ASD and typically developing controls (TD); and (2) if any observed differences in sleep were associated with core ASD symptoms.MethodsWe used ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) in 53 participants with ASD (ages 4–18) and 66 age-matched TD in their home sleeping environment. The primary outcome measures were SWS and REM sleep. Core behavioral ASD symptoms were assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Spectral power bands during sleep, and additional behavioral measures, were examined in exploratory analyses.ResultsCompared to TD, participants with ASD exhibited a higher SWS ratio and lower REM sleep ratio. Within the ASD group, higher SWS was associated with more severe symptoms on the Restricted, Repetitive, and Stereotyped Behaviors subscale of the ADI-R. No association was observed between REM sleep ratio and any ASD symptom.ConclusionsIncreased SWS and reduced REM sleep ratio differentiated ASD from TD. However, only increased SWS was associated with more severe core ASD symptoms. Increased SWS may reflect neuronal immaturity specific to ASD in this age group. These findings may inform the underlying mechanisms of clinical symptoms observed in children and adolescents with ASD.
Host Gene Expression to Predict Sepsis Progression*
Authors: Fiorino Cassandra , Liu Yiling , Henao Ricardo , Ko Emily R. , Burke Thomas W. , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , McClain Micah T. , Woods Christopher W. , Tsalik Ephraim L. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Sepsis causes significant mortality. However, most patients who die of sepsis do not present with severe infection, hampering efforts to deliver early, aggressive therapy. It is also known that the host gene expression response to infection precedes clinical illness. This study seeks to develop transcriptomic models to predict progression to sepsis or shock within 72 hours of hospitalization and to validate previously identified transcriptomic signatures in the prediction of 28-day mortality.

DESIGN:
Retrospective differential gene expression analysis and predictive modeling using RNA sequencing data.

PATIENTS:
Two hundred seventy-seven patients enrolled at four large academic medical centers; all with clinically adjudicated infection were considered for inclusion in this study.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Sepsis progression was defined as an increase in Sepsis 3 category within 72 hours. Transcriptomic data were generated using RNAseq of whole blood. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator modeling was used to identify predictive signatures for various measures of disease progression. Four previously identified gene signatures were tested for their ability to predict 28-day mortality. There were no significant differentially expressed genes in 136 subjects with worsened Sepsis 3 category compared with 141 nonprogressor controls. There were 1,178 differentially expressed genes identified when sepsis progression was defined as ICU admission or 28-day mortality. A model based on these genes predicted progression with an area under the curve of 0.71. Validation of previously identified gene signatures to predict sepsis mortality revealed area under the receiver operating characteristic values of 0.70–0.75 and no significant difference between signatures.

CONCLUSIONS:
Host gene expression was unable to predict sepsis progression when defined by an increase in Sepsis-3 category, suggesting this definition is not a useful framework for transcriptomic prediction methods. However, there was a differential response when progression was defined as ICU admission or death. Validation of previously described signatures predicted 28-day mortality with insufficient accuracy to offer meaningful clinical utility.
MYC-Nonamplified Secondary Lymphatic-Type Angiosarcoma With Prominent Lymphocytic Infiltrate Following Radiation Therapy for Myxoid Liposarcoma
Authors: Krajisnik Andrea , Balzer Bonnie L. , Vail Eric , Brien Earl , Shon Wonwoo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Cutaneous angiosarcomas (AS) are uncommon and morphologically heterogeneous. Recently, a distinctive lymphatic-type AS with prominent lymphocytic infiltrate has been observed. Although conventional AS typically bear poor prognosis, lymphatic-type AS with prominent lymphocytic infiltrate and pseudolymphomatous AS show prolonged survival with rare extracutaneous spread. We describe a unique case of AS in a 55-year-old woman who received surgical resection and radiation therapy for her prior myxoid liposarcoma. She developed a suspected recurrence 15 years later. Microscopically, the lesion showed an infiltration of the reticular dermis by irregular interanastamosing vascular spaces lined by atypical endothelial cells with nuclear “hobnailing” and hyperchromasia. A prominent intratumoral and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltrate obscuring the tumor cells was also present. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for endothelial cell markers, including D2-40. Notably, there was no evidence of MYC gene amplification by FISH. Additional NGS-based molecular analysis demonstrated no significant genetic mutations. The patient is alive with a history of two local recurrences, but no evidence of metastasis. We present this case to raise awareness of MYC-nonamplified secondary lymphatic-type AS with prominent lymphocytic infiltrate (pseudolymphomatous AS) and to discuss its differential diagnosis.
Cutaneous Oxalosis Due to Primary Hyperoxaluria
Authors: Ly Sophia , Rick Jonathan , Goff Rachel , David Bre Ana , Kincannon Jay , Shalin Sara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
A 19-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a progressively painful purpuric lesion on the left dorsal foot, which had initially appeared 2 days prior. Three months earlier, she had been diagnosed with end-stage renal disease. Her medical history also included recurrent urolithiasis for the past 5 years and liver failure. Biopsy revealed oxalate crystals occluding vessels with secondary epidermal and dermal ischemia. Oxalate crystals were also visualized in the vessel walls and free in the subcutis. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 1. She was treated with sodium thiosulfate, apixaban, pentoxifylline, wound care, and palliative care. At 4-month follow-up, the cutaneous manifestations of oxalosis were confined to only her feet, and she was undergoing evaluation for combined liver and kidney transplant. Cutaneous oxalosis because of primary hyperoxaluria should be considered in young patients presenting with purpuric lesions, recurrent urolithiasis, and early-onset renal failure.
PERson-centredness in Hypertension management using Information Technology: a randomized controlled trial in primary care
Authors: Andersson Ulrika , Nilsson Peter M. , Kjellgren Karin , Hoffmann Mikael , Wennersten André , Midlöv Patrik 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
To increase the proportion of individuals with hypertension obtaining a blood pressure (BP) of less than 140/90 mmHg by improving the management of hypertension in daily life from a person-centred perspective.

Methods:
In this unblinded randomized controlled trial, we tested an interactive web-based self-management system for hypertension. A total of 949 patients with hypertension from 31 primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) in Sweden were randomized 1 : 1 to either the intervention or usual care group. The intervention included daily measurement – via the participant's mobile phone – of BP and pulse and reports of well being, symptoms, lifestyle, medication intake and side effects for eight consecutive weeks. It also included reminders and optional motivational messages. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants obtaining BP of less than 140/90 mmHg at 8 weeks and 12 months. Significance was tested by Pearson's chi2-test.

Results:
A total of 862 patients completed the trial, 442 in the intervention group and 420 in the control group. The primary outcome (BP <140/90 mmHg) at 8 weeks was achieved by 48.8% in the intervention group and 39.9% in the control group (P = 0.006). At 12 months, 47.1% (intervention) and 41.0% (control group) had a BP less than 140/90 mmHg (P = 0.071).

Conclusion:
The proportion of participants with a controlled BP of less than 140/90 mmHg increased after using the interactive system for self-management of hypertension for 8 weeks compared with usual care. Although the trend continued, there was no significant difference after 12 months. The results indicate that the effect of the intervention is significant, but the long-term effect is uncertain.

Trial registration:
The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03554382).
COMPARISON OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY FORMS OF MULTIPLE EVANESCENT WHITE DOT SYNDROME
Authors: Serrar Yasmine , Cahuzac Armelle , Gascon Pierre , Langlois-Jacques Carole , MAUGET-FAŸSSE Martine , Wolff Benjamin , Sève Pascal , Kodjikian Laurent , Mathis Thibaud 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to compare primary versus secondary forms of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) at T0 (baseline) and T1 (1–4 months after the onset of symptoms).

Methods:
A total of 101 eyes in 100 patients were included in a multicentric retrospective study.

Results:
Secondary MEWDS was defined as MEWDS associated with underlying chorioretinal inflammatory pathologies, mainly multifocal choroiditis and punctuate inner choroidopathy. Patients with secondary MEWDS were older (P = 0.011). The proportion of women (P = 0.8), spherical equivalent (P = 0.3), and best-corrected visual acuity at T0 (P = 0.2) were not significantly different between the two groups. The area of MEWDS lesions on late-phase indocyanine green angiography was significantly smaller in secondary MEWDS (P = 0.001) and less symmetrical with respect to both horizontal (P = 0.003) and vertical (P = 0.004) axis. At T0, neither the clinical (P = 0.5) nor the multimodal imaging (P = 0.2) inflammation scores were significantly different between the groups. At T1, the multimodal imaging inflammation score was higher in secondary MEWDS (P = 0.021).

Conclusion:
In secondary MEWDS, outer retinal lesions are less extensive and located close to preexisting chorioretinal lesions. Mild signs of intraocular inflammation on multimodal imaging are more frequent in secondary MEWDS during recovery. These findings suggest that chorioretinal inflammation may trigger secondary MEWDS.
INTRAOPERATIVE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR REAL-TIME VISUALIZATION OF THE POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUCKLING MATERIAL AND RETINAL BREAKS DURING SCLERAL BUCKLING FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Sotani Yasuyuki , Imai Hisanori , Iwane Yukako , Yokogawa Tomohiro , Yamada Hiroko , Matsumiya Wataru , Miki Akiko , Kusuhara Sentaro , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
To report the usefulness of a new surgical method using intraoperative optical coherence tomography that can more accurately place the buckling material for scleral buckling using a noncontact wide-angle viewing system with a cannula-based chandelier endoilluminator for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
The medical records of 12 eyes of 11 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated with scleral buckling combined with real-time intraoperative optical coherence tomography observation were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:
Real-time observations of the positional relationship between the protrusion of buckling material and retinal breaks with intraoperative optical coherence tomography revealed that retinal breaks were not properly placed on the protrusion of the buckling material in five eyes, requiring the intraoperative repositioning of the buckling material. Eventually, the scleral buckling combined with real-time intraoperative optical coherence tomography observation yielded the initial anatomical success rates of 100% without noteworthy intraoperative or postoperative complications.

Conclusion:
This procedure is a novel approach that enables safer and more accurate placement of the buckling material and may contribute to improving the outcomes of scleral buckling in the future.
Working From Home: Experiences of Home-Working, Health Behavior and Well-Being During the 2020 UK COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Keightley Samuel , Duncan Myanna , Gardner Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

Objective
The Spring 2020 UK COVID-19 lockdown required normally office-based workers to modify their work-related practices to work at home. This study explored workers' experiences of adapting to home working, health behaviors and well-being.

Methods
Twenty-seven home working employees (19 women; aged 23–57 years), from various industry sectors, gave individual semi-structured interviews. Topics focused on home working experiences, routine adaptations, and changes in health behaviors and well-being.

Results
Four themes were extracted: changes to the work interface; adaptations to a new workspace; changes to work-life balance; and adjustments to a new social context. Notably, participants reported greater reliance on computer-based interactions, which they felt discouraged physical activity and increased sitting. Working in a domestic environment reportedly challenged work-home boundaries.

Conclusions
Work practices can incidentally detrimentally impact health-related behaviors and well-being. Organizations should develop policies and procedures to promote health-conducive home working.
Effects on neuromodulation, acupuncture, and aerobic exercises on migraine and tension-type headache outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pi Chenghui , Liu Yinglu , Li Lingling , Tang Wenjing , Yan Xin , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Headache disorders are common diseases that cause a social burden. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of various non-pharmacological treatments to address or prevent acute headaches, including neuromodulation, acupuncture, and aerobic exercises in patients with episodic migraine and tension-type headache (TTH).

Methods:
We performed a systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG MEDICINE ONLINE, and Chinese Medical Journal database using Stata/SE 14.0 to obtain weighted mean differences (WMDs). The outcomes included monthly headache days, headache intensity, headache duration, days per month of acute medication use, and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.

Results:
Of 872 identified articles, 27 were included in the meta-analysis. Neuromodulation was associated with reduced headache days (WMD: −1.274, 95% CI [−1.914, −0.634], P < .001), duration (WMD: −2.2, 95% CI [−3.32, −0.107], P < .001) and medication consumption (WMD: −1.808, 95% CI [−2.546, −1.071], P < .001) in cases of migraine. Acupuncture was associated with the alleviation of headache days (WMD: −0.677, 95% CI [−0.932, −0.422], P < .001) and intensity (WMD: −0.893, 95% CI [−1.573, −0.212], P = .01) in cases of migraine and acute medication use (WMD: −3.29, 95% CI [−4.86, −1.72], P < .001) in cases of TTH. Aerobic exercise was associated with reduced headache duration (WMD: −5.1, 95% CI [−8.97, −1.22], P = .01) in cases of TTH. The risk of bias for included articles was moderate.

Conclusions:
There is low- and moderate-quality evidence that neuromodulation, acupuncture, and aerobic exercises are associated with attenuated headache symptoms in patients with episodic migraine or TTH. However, high-quality studies are needed to draw more detailed conclusions.