bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual band compact antenna design using DCSRR
Authors: Ambika  , Mohamed Humaidh M. , Kowshic S. , Mohamed Afrath S. , Abdul Rahman M.Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Wireless communication technology has revolutionised the way people interact all around the world. The rate of access and the accuracy of the information conveyed have increased as technology and gadgets have advanced. Multi-frequency systems and devices are the results of the requirement for mobility and the integration of several radio modules into this kind of device. Due to the limited area, integrating many antennas and a diplexer into a single device is very challenging. This means an advanced antenna design must be simple, small, and simple to incorporate in addition to being dual or multiband capable. Microstrip printed antennas are the most promising alternative for use in small systems due to its various features such as low profile, compact configuration, simplicity of integration, and low fabrication cost. There are many techniques to make an antenna operate in multiband such as by incorporating structures like complementary split ring resonator(CSRR), SRS (split ring slot), SRR (split ring resonator) etc., dual polarization method, loading of metamaterial. The DCSRR (D shape complementary split ring resonator) is inserted into the antenna patch to enable multiband operation. So, in this paper, to achieve dual band response using this method, which supports Wi-Fi and C band applications at frequencies of 5.8 GHz and 7.1 GHz, respectively. In the suggested work, a good gain of about 1.98 dB at 5.8 GHz and 2.27 dB at 7.1 GHz was obtained, as well as an efficiency of 80 percent and 81 percent at the relevant frequencies. This characteristic has been achieved without compromising on the compact miniaturized size of antenna, which is 12 x 12 x 1.6 mm3.
Study of the Proton Irradiation Effects in n-FZ DSSD for the Si Tracker at R3B Experiment
Authors: Chatterjee Puspita , Saini Nitu , Patyal Shilpa , Kaur Balwinder , Michael Thresia , Raheja Sonia , Srivastava Ajay K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The R3B collaboration aims to assemble an experimental setup with high resolution and efficiency to perform kinematically complete measurements of reactions with high-energy RIBs (radioactive ion beams). In the R3B experimental setup, the silicon tracker is positioned closest to the target region and can provide high-resolution position measurements of light-charged particles like protons. The three layers of the silicon tracker are constructed with a total of 30 Si double-sidedstrip detectors (DSSD). In this paper, as an option of 23 MeV proton irradiated n-type Float-Zone(Fz)Si double-sidedstrip detector (DSSD) havebeen considered, and by taking the two-trapproton irradiation damage model, the bulk damage effect and the macroscopic performance of the Sidouble-sidedstrip detector (DSSD) have been discussed. The detector is irradiated with three values of proton fluences (equivalent to 1Mev neutron fluence): 2×1014,5×1014 and 8×1014 cm-2. By using the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination (SRH) formulation, the full depletion voltage and leakage current have been measured as a function of the irradiation dose, finally the device and process parameters and specifications for the Si double-sidedstrip detector (DSSD) used in the R3B silicon tracker experimenthavebeen proposed.
Metamaterial-Based Miniaturized DGS Antenna for wireless Applications
Authors: Singh Jaget , Lohar Fateh Lal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this article, metamaterial based miniaturized DGS (Defective Ground Structure) antenna is presented. Initially conventional antenna is designed for 2.4 GHz and by using DGS method, the same conventional antenna size is reduced upto 50% of initial design. But antenna gain down due to DGS in antenna structure. By using metamaterial as a reflector, the antenna gain can be enhanced. The antenna and metamaterial are designed on Rogers RT5880 and Teflon Ceramic TF-1/2 (εr = 10.2, tanδ = 0.001) respectively. All simulation results are carried out by using EM simulator CST software and for the operating frequency of 2.415 GHz a gain of 6.28dB is observed.
Numerical Studies on Mode I Delamination and its Effect on the Vibrational Characteristics in Fibre Metal Laminates
Authors: Kali Naresh , Korla Srikanth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) afford the notable advances over ongoing composite materials for aerospace and automotive applications due to their low weight and outstanding mechanical properties. Nevertheless, FMLs are prone to damages during manufacturing and loading conditions. Double cantilever beam (DCB) and vibration test are the commonly used tools to assess fracture energy values and the level of damage influence on the material properties respectively. Therefore, this paper aims at correlating the numerical validation of mode I delamination with already published experimental data by Y.Pan et.al and study the influence of delamination under free vibration analysis of Magnesium (Mg AZ31) alloy based fibre metal laminates. For the presented model, the numerical values showed good acceptance with the experimental values of DCB test. It was also further observed that there is significant reduction in natural frequency due to delamination in the fibre metal laminates.
Biogenic Metal and Metal Oxides Nanoparticles as Anticancer Agent: A Review
Authors: Rani N , Saini K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Herein this review we have summarized a number of cytotoxic studies which have been done using various biosynthesized metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) on different cancer cell lines. Plants can serve as a good candidate to provide natural surfactants for the green approach in the preparation of nanoparticles. Numerous bio-molecules are present in the plants. Also, numerous plant extract-based MNPs and MONPs have been synthesized and used in several fields of applications particularly in biomedicine. This property can be attributed because of their low cost, biocompatibility and favourable to the environment. In the past few years, the utilisation of these biogenic nanoparticles has in-creased tremendously particularly in cancer therapy. These biogenic nanoparticles considered as an excellent tool for cancer diagnosis and drug delivery at the tumour site preferentially. By utilising the unique properties of nanoparticles and antioxidant and antitumor nature of plants, these biosynthesised nanoparticles selectively destroy the tumour cells and do not harm the normal healthy cells. In this review, we have compiled the most significant results obtained by the biosynthesized MNPs and MONPs like silver (Ag), gold (Au), Fe2O3/Fe3O4, ZnO, and CuO respectively.
Comparative Study of Chemo-Bio Synthesized Mgo Nanoparticle on Maize Seed Germination
Authors: Kaur Karanpreet , Jayarambabu N , Venkateswara Rao K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A nanotechnology is expanding area of research is speedily gaining significance and a prominence interest among the farmers. In the present study, the chemical and green synthesize MgO nanoparticles are used for the treatment of maize seeds germination. The green method is a simple, reducing toxic chemical’s concentration, an eco-friendly and economically viable. Hence, a locally available plant cissus quadrangularis was selected for MgO nanoparticle’s synthesis. The result of XRD, TG/DTA, SEM, TEM, and PSA analysis confirmed formation of MgO nanoparticles. XRD showed the crystalline size of chemical and green synthesized nanoparticles are 25 nm and 24 nm, and the morphology is spherical analysed by SEM. This study is carried out to determine the nanoparticles penetration inside the seed coat, root growth, shoot growth and stimulate the growth hormones. The MgO nanoparticles capability to amplify the dry weight by delivering water to the whole seedling which help to enhance the water nutrient transport and the biomass. The experiment was administered under greenhouse conditions. From the results obtained it is suggested that a green MgO could be used effectively in agricultural fields.
A Mini Review on Application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Namdev Shruti , Kaur Gurmeet 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNowadays, Cancer is undoubtedly a consequential and potentially life-threatening illness. In the U.S., Around 1.7 million people discerned with Cancer last year. The application of boron in cancer treatment is applicable as therapy known asBoron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). It is an analeptic technique that depends on the nuclear capture and fission reaction that results in various particles such as Li, He nuclei with their kinetic energy and γ-radiation. These radiations kill the malignant cells in our body without damaging the normal tissue. Boron particles delivered selectively to only malignant cells by minimizing their concentration in normal cells.In this article, The clinical trials, clinical investigation in Different countries with a different type of Cancer as Lung, Brain, Head/Neck, Hepatic and gastrointestinal. Various delivery methods of Boron agents in the tumor cells recently developed boron delivery agents, and different techniques of their dose distribution explain. In recent years, boron compounds were applied with porphyrin, copolymers, nanoparticles, other peptides, EGRF’s, and Liposomes to intensify their killer properties toward target cancer cells. BNCT is also effectively used for the medication of various kinds of Cancers explained. The purpose of this article is to indicate the intelligible way of BNCT(Reactor-Based) for the treatment of malignant cells.
Green Synthesis of Rod Shaped ZnO using Extract of Origanum majorana Leaf and Investigation for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Saini M , Mushtaq A , Yadav S , Rawat S , Rani Nutan , Gupta K , Saini K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this research article, we have fabricated the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) with help of aqueous extract of leaf of Origanum majorana and studied their antimicrobial activity. Origanum majorana is one of medicinally important plant of Lamiaceae/Labiatae family. Green-approach of NPs has been favoured over traditional synthesis methods, as plant-based extracts have phytochemicals, which are non-toxic and biologically safe. The phytochemicals such as flavonoids, derivatives of phenol and polyphenolic biomolecules are found to be in aqueous leaf extract of Origanum majorana which used as capping and reducing agents. They include many functional groups such as-OH, -C=O and more which improve the physicochemical properties of NPs and consequently affect their targeting towards specific molecules. Plant mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs with fresh leave extract of Origanun majorana is also simple, quick and provides a vast array of functionalised NPs of particular size and morphology. Herein, ZnO NPs have been prepared with 3 mL of 25% (w/v) of leaf extract of Origanum majorana (Maruva). These synthesized NPs have been characterized using PXRD (Powder X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier transform-infra-red spectroscopy), UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) with EDS (Energy dispersive spectroscopy). UV-Visible spectrum shows maximum absorbance at 379.75 nm and energy band gap have been evaluated 2.84 eV using tauc plot. Obtained PXRD pattern shows hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure which is similar as reported in the literature (JCPDS No-36-1451). The morphology of synthesized NPs has been obtained with SEM images. These NPs are rod shaped with width calculated approximately 90 nm-125 nm and length 0.5μm-1.2μm respectively. The EDS analysis shows the 51.41% of zinc (Zn) and 48.49% of oxygen (O)elemental composition of fabricated nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity has been performed on gram negative and gram positive microbes with the help of broth dilution method. These synthesized NPs shows very great bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) have been investigated 175μg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 125 μg/mL for Escherichia coli and 100 μg/mL for both the Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae respectively.
Synthesis and characterization of Graphene Oxide and its reduction with different reducing agents
Authors: Bansal Karan , Singh Jagdeep , Dhaliwal A. S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
-The present work reports the simplistic formation of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by oxidizing graphite powder with the 9:1 volume combination of concentrated sulfuric acid/and ortho-phosphoric acid (H2SO4/H3PO4) in the company of KMnO4 as an oxidant. The acid combination solution of H2SO4/H3PO4 produces the improved oxidized hydrophilic GO without any evolution of hazardous gases instead of only H2SO4, which differentiates this procedure from the Hummers’ method. Then, the synthesized GO is diminished to rGO by employing various reducers namely hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride and, ascorbic acid through the chemical route. The properties of synthesized materials have been investigated by diverse investigative systems that are X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy and, Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) which approved its high crystallinity and reduction of GO into rGO. EDS analysis confirms that the carbon to oxygen ratio is higher in rGO prepared by using hydrazine hydrate in comparison to rGO made by using sodium borohydride and ascorbic acid which reveals the good reducing capability of hydrazine hydrate. Hence, it may be concluded that the rGO synthesized by the reduction of GO in the presence of hydrazine hydrate is better as compared to others and it is expected that the synthesized material may be used for various applications.
Electro-Magnetic switching in NiO-Graphene film
Authors: Goswami S. , Chakraborty M. , De D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO) thin film is grown via pulse laser deposition (PLD) technique and it is trapped in between conducting graphene films deposited through the same technique. Epitaxial crystalline growth of both NiO and graphene films are confirmed from X-ray diffraction studies. Raman studies propose creation of pure graphene film with acceptable defects. Electrical transport of the NiO film reveal resistance switching properties for an wide range of temperature which is useful for resistive random access memory (RRAM) and electric-switch. Besides electrical switching, the transport properties of the NiO film depict a systematic response in influence of magnetic field. Resistance of the NiO film changed significantly with external magnetic field which makes the system useful as a magnetic-switch.
Experimental study of Carbon Nanotubes to enhance Tribological Characteristics of Lubricating Engine Oil SAE10W40
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Goyal Parveen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Wear and friction had always been key factors in the functioning of advanced machines. Machine components containing high-performance oil cannot withstand increasing temperatures and intense pressures; therefore, additives improve different lubricants’ parameters and performances. Lubricating oil is the only element that can minimize wear and friction while simultaneously protecting materials from wear. The relative movement between two surfaces is impossible without a lubricant. As a result, for a more complex machine, stern lubrication is necessary. Nanomaterials play a vital role and have tendency to improve tribological properties. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are most popular due to numerous applications in different fields on account of their excellent chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. This study aims to research the tribological activity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a four-ball tribotester. Furthermore, SWCNTs and MWCNTs as an additives in SAE10W40 motor oil were also tested to evaluate its tribological characteristics. In compared to industrial engine oil without SWCNT and MWCNT, using MWCNTs as additives in the engine oil reduced the worn scar diameter by 67 percent, while utilising SWCNTs as an addition reduced the worn scar diameter by 38 percent. The average friction coefficient with MWCNTs is decreased by 56%, and with SWCNTs is decreased by 48%; this may be due to the effect of viscosity. The provided experimental result conveys that the lubricating oil with multiwall carbon nanotubes exhibit higher performance in anti-wear and decrease friction reduction compared with single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Effect of Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles with Thiol group on the Shear Thickening Behaviors of the Suspensions of Silica Nanoparticles in polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Authors: Sharma Shuchi , Kumar Walia Yogesh , Grover Gunjan , Sanjeev Verma K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Fine-tuning of Shear Thickening Fluids (STFs) by surface modification of silica particles has fascinated scientist’s interest worldwide as it results in performance enhancement of STF based on armor systems. In the current study, surface modified Silica nanoparticles (average diameter of 600 nm) possess thiol functional groups which were attained through a reaction with 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane in absolute ethanol at 90 °C. Shear thickening fluid of Thiol functionalized Silica nanoparticles were prepared by sonochemical method in polyethylene glycol (PEG-200). The rheological parameters of STFs (modified and unmodified silica Nano particles) were measured using Rheometer MCR 52, Anton Par, Germany. The shear thickening behavior of thiol-based STF shows shear thickening at a higher shear rate compared to only silica-based STF with the decrease in viscosity maximum.
User-friendly microfluidic manufacturing of hydrogel microspheres with sharp needle
Authors: Shao Lei , Pan Bingchu , Hou Ruxia , Jin Yuan , Yao Yudong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hydrogel microspheres are flexible microstructures with many fascinating functions, such as three-dimensional cell culture, injection therapy, drug delivery, organoids and microtissues construction. The traditional methods of manufacturing hydrogel microspheres more or less have some shortcomings, such as atomization/emulsion method with uneven sizes; piezoelectric-/thermal-/electric-assisted inkjet with high cell damage and unknown cell growth effects; microfluidic manufacturing with sophisticated microdevices etc, which lead to poor user experiences. Here, we designed a user-friendly microfluidic device to generate hydrogel microspheres with sharp needles that can be replaced at will. Specifically, a commercial tapered opening sharp needle was inserted into a transparent silicone tube with the tapered opening facing the upper wall of the silicone tube. Then, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) solution and paraffin oil were pumped into the sharp needle and the silicone tube respectively. GelMA microdroplets were formed under the shear stress of the silicone tube and the oil phase, and after being photo-crosslinked in situ, GelMA microspheres with uniform and adjustable sizes can be generated. Due to the simplicity of our original device, heterogeneous microspheres such as Janus, core–shell and hollow microspheres can be easily manufactured by simple modification of the device. In addition, we demonstrated the strong flexibility and maneuverability of the microspheres through macroscopic free assembly. Finally, we prepared different cell-laden GelMA microspheres, and the cells showed stretching behavior similar to that in vivo after a short period culture, which indicated the high bioactivity of GelMA microspheres. Meanwhile, we cultured the Janus cell-laden GelMA microspheres and the assembly of cell-laden GelMA microspheres, where the cells stretched and interacted, demonstrating the potential of GelMA microspheres for co-culture and fabrication of large-scale tissue constructs. In view of the above results, our user-friendly microfluidic manufacturing method of hydrogel microspheres with sharp needles will provide great convenience to relevant researchers.
Freeform printing of thermoresponsive poly(2-cyclopropyl-oxazoline) as cytocompatible and on-demand dissolving template of hollow channel networks in cell-laden hydrogels
Authors: Mair Vincent , Paulus Ilona , Groll Jürgen , Ryma Matthias 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Conventional additive-manufacturing technologies rely on the vertical stacking of layers, whereas each layer provides the structural integrity for the upcoming one. This inherently gives rise to limitations in freedom of design especially when structures containing large voids or truly 3D pathways for printed filaments are aspired. An especially interesting technique, which overcomes these layer limitations, is freeform printing, where thermoplastic materials are printed in 3D through controlling the temperature profile such that the polymer melt solidifies right when it exits the nozzle. In this study, we introduce freeform printing for thermoresponsive polymers at the example of poly(2-cyclopropyl-oxazoline) (PcycloPrOx). This material is especially interesting for biofabrication, as poly(oxazoline)s are known to provide excellent cytocompatibility. Furthermore, (PcycloPrOx) scaffolds provide adequate stability, so that the printed structures can be embedded in cell-laden hydrogels and sufficient time remains for the gel to form around the scaffold before dissolution via temperature reduction. This ensures accuracy and prevents channel collapse for the creation of cell-laden hydrogels with an embedded three-dimensionally interconnected channel network without the need of any additional processing step such as coating.
Numerical study of the effect of aft-loaded magnetic field on multiple ionizations in Hall thruster
Authors: ZENG Demai , LI Hong , LIU Jinwen , DING Yongjie , WEI Liqiu , YU Daren , MAO Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is assumed that the shift of a strong magnetic field region with a positive gradient from exit plane to outside, namely the transit from a normal loaded magnetic field to an aft-loaded one, enhances the multiple ionization process in the magnetically shielded Hall thruster. To confirm this conjecture, a comparative study is carried out numerically with a particle-in-cell method. The simulation results prove that compared with the normal loaded magnetic field, the application of aft-loaded magnetic field enhances the multiple ionization process. This study further analyzes the ionization characteristics of the transition from low-charged ions to high-charged ions under two magnetic field conditions and the influence of the magnetic strength of aft-loaded magnetic field on the multiple ionization characteristics. The study described herein is useful for understanding the discharge characteristics of Hall thruster with an aft-loaded magnetic field.