bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic construction of coronary artery tree structure based on vessel blood flow tracking
Authors: Liu Xuqing , Huang Yunfei , Xie Lihua , Wang Xiaofei , Guan Changdong , Du Tianming , Chen Donghao , Zou Tongqiang , Shi Zhenpeng , Li Ang , Zhao Senxiang , Xu Yang , Zhang Honggang , Xu Bo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe sought to propose an innovative vessel blood flow tracking (VBFT) method to extract coronary artery tree (CAT) and to assess the effectiveness of this VBFT versus the single‐frame method. Construction of a CAT from a segmented artery is the basis of artificial intelligence‐aided angiographic diagnosis. However, construction of a CAT using a single frame remains challenging, due to bifurcations and overlaps in two‐dimensional angiograms. Overall, 13,222 angiograms, including 28,539 vessels, were retrospectively collected from 3275 patients and were then annotated. Coronary arteries were automatically segmented by a previously established deep neural networks (DNNs), and the skeleton lines were then extracted from segmentation images to construct CAT using the single‐frame method and the VBFT method. Additionally, 1322 angiograms with 2201 vessels were used to test these two methods. Compared to the single‐frame method, the VBFT method can significantly improve the accuracy of CAT as (84.3% vs. 72.3%; p < 0.001). Overlap (OV) was higher in the VBFT group than that in the Single‐Frame group (91.1% vs. 87.5%; p < 0.001). The VBFT method significantly reduced the incidence of the lack of branching (7.30% vs. 13.9%, p < 0.001), insufficient length (6.70% vs. 11.0%, p < 0.001), and redundant branches (1.60% vs. 3.10%, p < 0.001). The VBFT method improved the extraction of a CAT structure, which will facilitate the development of artificial intelligence‐aided angiographic diagnosis. Cardiologists can efficiently diagnose CAD using this method.
Profile and outcomes of patients with mediastinal hematoma after cardiac catheterization: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Luo Xiao‐Liang , Yang Wei‐Xian , Zhang Jun , Yuan Jian‐Song , Wan Jun‐Yi , Qiao Shu‐Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive introduction of mediastinal hematoma.BackgroundMediastinal hematoma is a rare complication that is usually not considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain after cardiac catheterization.MethodsFrom January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2013, at Fuwai Hospital, 126,265 patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG); 121,215 of them underwent CAG via the radial artery. Ultimately, 10 patients with mediastinal hematoma due to cardiac catheterization were included. Patients' clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe incidences of mediastinal hematoma in cardiac catheterization and transradial cardiac catheterization were 0.79‱ and 0.74‱, respectively. A super slide hydrophilic guidewire was used in all 10 patients with mediastinal hematoma. These patients felt chest pain and dyspnea during/after the procedure, and computed tomography (CT) was used to diagnose mediastinal hematoma. Among them, two patients had a neck hematoma. The post‐procedural hemoglobin level decreased substantially in all patients. Antiplatelet therapy was discontinued for 8–20 days in three patients without stents implanted, and then only oral aspirin was prescribed. Aspirin was transiently discontinued for 2 days in one patient undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The others continued taking dual antiplatelet drugs. Two patients received blood transfusion. There was no case of stent thrombosis, and surgery was not indicated for any patient. No complication was observed after discharge during the 9.0 ± 2.5‐year follow‐up.ConclusionCT should be performed as early as possible in patients with suspected mediastinal hematoma. The prognosis of mediastinal hematoma is usually good with early diagnosis and suitable therapy.
Predictors and clinical significance of periprocedural myocardial infarction following rotational atherectomy
Authors: Hong Xu‐Lin , Li Ya , Fu Guo‐Sheng , Zhang Wen‐Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the potential predictors and clinical significance of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI), as defined by the latest Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018), following rotational atherectomy (RA).BackgroundPMI is not uncommon in patients undergoing RA, although the predictors and prognostic impact are unknown.MethodsData from 229 consecutive patients who had undergone RA before drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation in a single center were analyzed. Patients' demographic information, clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics, and 1‐year follow‐up outcomes were collected retrospectively.ResultsThe overall incidence of PMI in patients undergoing RA was 48.5%. Age (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.024, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001–1.047, p = 0.043) and ejection fraction (adjusted OR: 0.977, 95% CI: 0.962–0.993, p = 0.004) were independent predictors of PMI in RA, although PMI was not associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) at the 1‐year follow‐up in patients undergoing RA.ConclusionAge and ejection fraction were independently associated with an elevated risk of PMI in patients undergoing RA. However, post‐RA microinfarcts were not associated with an increased risk of MACCEs over the short‐term follow‐up period.
Validation of cardiogenic shock phenotypes in a mixed cardiac intensive care unit population
Authors: Jentzer Jacob C. , Soussi Sabri , Lawler Patrick R. , Kennedy Jason N. , Kashani Kianoush B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundProposed phenotypes have recently been identified in cardiogenic shock (CS) populations using unsupervised machine learning clustering methods. We sought to validate these phenotypes in a mixed cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) population of patients with CS.MethodsWe included Mayo Clinic CICU patients admitted from 2007 to 2018 with CS. Agnostic K means clustering was used to assign patients to three clusters based on admission values of estimated glomerular filtration rate, bicarbonate, alanine aminotransferase, lactate, platelets, and white blood cell count. In‐hospital mortality and 1‐year mortality were analyzed using logistic regression and Cox proportional‐hazards models, respectively.ResultsWe included 1498 CS patients with a mean age of 67.8 ± 13.9 years, and 37.1% were females. The acute coronary syndrome was present in 57.3%, and cardiac arrest was present in 34.0%. Patients were assigned to clusters as follows: Cluster 1 (noncongested), 603 (40.2%); Cluster 2 (cardiorenal), 452 (30.2%); and Cluster 3 (hemometabolic), 443 (29.6%). Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic characteristics differed across clusters, with the greatest illness severity in Cluster 3. Cluster assignment was associated with in‐hospital mortality across subgroups. In‐hospital mortality was higher in Cluster 3 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.6 vs. Cluster 1 and adjusted OR: 2.0 vs. Cluster 2, both p < 0.001). Adjusted 1‐year mortality was incrementally higher in Cluster 3 versus Cluster 2 versus Cluster 1 (all p < 0.01).ConclusionsWe observed similar phenotypes in CICU patients with CS as previously reported, identifying a gradient in both in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality by cluster. Identifying these clinical phenotypes can improve mortality risk stratification for CS patients beyond standard measures.
Acute heart failure as an atypical presentation of Takayasu arteritis: The value of multi‐modality imaging
Authors: Djafari Naeini Sepideh , Bayat Fariba , Houshmand Golnaz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTakayasu arteritis (TA) is an inflammatory disease that affects the aorta and the major branch arteries. Here, we describe an atypical presentation of the disease with heart failure.
Nutrition‐related risk and severe hypoglycemia in older adult outpatients with and without diabetes
Authors: Kimura Yoshinobu , Kimura Naoya , Akazawa Manabu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, 17 patients with severe hypoglycemia were assessed for nutrition‐related risk using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). The results showed that 13 of the 17 patients had nutrition‐related risk. Hypoglycemia should be noted in patients with problems on GNRI, with or without diabetes.
The Impact of Research Culture on Mental Health & Diversity in STEM
Authors: Limas Juanita C. , Corcoran Linda C. , Baker Alexander N. , Cartaya Ana E. , Ayres Zoë J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe onset of COVID‐19, coupled with the finer lens placed on systemic racial disparities within our society, has resulted in increased discussions around mental health. Despite this, mental health struggles in research are still often viewed as individual weaknesses and not the result of a larger dysfunctional research culture. Mental health interventions in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) academic community often focus on what individuals can do to improve their mental health instead of focusing on improving the research environment. In this paper, we present four aspects of research that may heavily impact mental health based on our experiences as research scientists: bullying and harassment; precarity of contracts; diversity, inclusion, and accessibility; and the competitive research landscape. Based on these aspects, we propose systemic changes that institutions must adopt to ensure their research culture is supportive and allows everyone to thrive.
A Rhein‐Based Rh(III) Arene Complex with Anti‐tumor Cell Proliferative Activity Inhibits RNA Demethylase FTO
Authors: Liu Lu , Kong Yaqiong , He Liang , Wang Xiuxiu , Wang Meng‐Meng , Xu Hongjiao , Yang Cai‐Guang , Su Zhi , Zhao Jing , Mao Zong‐Wan , Huang Yue , Liu Hong‐Ke 
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive SummaryMetallodrugs with fine‐tuned coordination between metals and bioactive ligands can achieve cytotoxic effects in cancer therapy and have been considered as a new approach for drug design. However, it has yet to be elucidated whether these metallodrugs target epitranscriptomic proteins for gene expression regulation. This report describes a rhein‐based Rh(III)‐arene complex, Rh1, that exhibited promising antiproliferative effects in several tumor cell lines. Rh1 induced cell death through the autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, Rh1 upregulated the global N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) levels in A549 cells in the fat mass‐ and obesity‐associated protein (FTO)‐dependent manner. Collectively, the metal‐based FTO inhibitor Rh1 effectively suppressed tumor cell proliferation and modulated the abundance of cellular m6A, highlighting the potential of metal‐based agents to target and regulate epitranscriptomics for tumor suppression.
Tailored risk assessment of 90‐day acute heart failure readmission or all‐cause death to heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Park Jaeyoung , Zhong Xiang , Babaie Sarijaloo Farnaz , Wokhlu Anita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfter incident heart failure (HF) admission, patients are vulnerable to readmission or death in the 90‐day post‐discharge. Although risk models for readmission or death incorporate ejection fraction (EF), patients with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) and those with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) represent distinct cohorts. To better assess risk, this study developed machine learning models and identified risk factors for the 90‐day acute HF readmission or death by HF subtype.Methods and ResultsApproximately 1965 patients with HFpEF and 1124 with HFrEF underwent an index admission. Acute HF rehospitalization or death occurred in 23% of HFpEF and 28% of HFrEF groups. Of the 101 variables considered, multistep variable selection identified 24 and 25 significant factors associated with 90‐day events in HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively. In addition to risk factors common to both groups, factors unique to HFpEF patients included cognitive dysfunction, low‐pulse pressure, β‐blocker, and diuretic use, and right ventricular dysfunction. In contrast, factors unique to HFrEF patients included a history of arrhythmia, acute HF on presentation, and echocardiographic characteristics like left atrial dilatation or elevated mitral E/A ratio. Furthermore, the model tailored to HFpEF (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.770; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.767–0.774) outperformed a model for the combined groups (AUC = 0.759; 95% CI 0.756–0.763).ConclusionThe UF 90‐day post‐discharge acute HF
Re
admission or
Death
Risk
Assessment (UF90‐RADRA) models help identify HFpEF and HFrEF patients at higher risk who may require proactive outpatient management.
Network intrusion detection based on ensemble classification and feature selection method for cloud computing
Authors: Krishnaveni Sivamohan , Sivamohan Sivanandam , Sridhar Subramanian , Prabhakaran Subramani 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCloud computing security is the most critical factor for providers, cloud users, and organizations. The various novel approaches apply host‐based or network‐based methods to increase cloud security performance and detection rate. However, due to the virtual and distributed environment of the cloud, conventional network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) have been unreliable in handling these security attacks. Therefore, we design a methodology that incorporates feature selection and classification using ensemble techniques to provide efficient and accurate intrusion detection to address these problems. This proposed model combines the three most effective feature selection techniques (gain‐ratio, chi‐squared, and information gain) to offer a qualifying result and four top classifiers (SVM, LR, NB, and DT) using enhanced weighted majority voting. Moreover, we proposed an experimental technique using a new dataset called Honeypot. All experiments utilized three datasets: Honeypots, Kyoto, and NSL: KDD. In addition, the results of this experimental study were compared with other approaches and performed the statistical significance analysis. Finally, the results reveal that the proposed intrusion detection based on the Honeypot dataset was better and more efficient than other methods because we have an accuracy of 98.29%, FAR of 0.012%, DR of 97.9%, and AUC = 0.9921.
QoE‐aware mobile computation offloading in mobile edge computing
Authors: Sivasakthi Dharmalingam Adhimuga , Gunasekaran Raja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to the rapid development of smart phone utilization, the use of fast response with delay sensitive applications leads to high traffic demands. These issues are not yet fulfill by current researchers. When there is a massive crowd of users gathering in hotspot areas such as, railway stations, corporate centers, and malls requires service accessing social networks, then there cause uncertain traffic with congestion and network delay. In this article, an Efficient Offloading Mechanism (EOM) is proposed to transfer the user's intensive computations to picocells, where each picocell (PE) is integrated with the functionalities of edge. Moreover, a novel distributed multihop mesh middle layer (DMMM) framework is proposed for seamless communication, where the self‐healing network provides high resilience, immediate response, and multiuser content sharing and saves battery power. Generally, a picocell is a distributed antenna system that is an alternative to the repeater utilized to extend wireless services to 100 users. An Adaptive Ant Optimization (AAO) algorithm is developed for backhaul routing conflicts. Simulation outcomes of EdgeCloudSim prove that the offloading tiny devices incorporated with considerable additional computational capacities to fulfill all the demands within 15 ms delay from each network.
Functional Loss and Mortality in Randomized Clinical Trials for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: To Combine, or Not to Combine—That is the Estimand
Authors: van Eijk Ruben P.A. , Roes Kit C.B. , de Greef‐van der Sandt Inez , van den Berg Leonard H. , Lu Ying 
Published: January 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rapidly progressive disease leading to death in, on average, 3–5 years after first symptom onset. Consequently, there are frequently a non‐negligible number of patients who die during the course of a clinical trial. This introduces bias in end points such as daily functioning, muscle strength, and quality of life. In this paper, we outline how the choice of strategy to handle death affects the interpretation of the trial results. We provide a general overview of the considerations, positioned in the estimand framework, and discuss the possibility that not every strategy provides a clinically relevant answer in each setting. The relevance of a strategy changes as a function of the intended trial duration, hypothesized treatment effect, and population included. It is important to consider this trade‐off at the design stage of a clinical trial, as this will clarify the exact research question that is being answered, and better guide the planning, design, and analysis of the study.
Metformin promotes histone deacetylation of optineurin and suppresses tumour growth through autophagy inhibition in ocular melanoma
Authors: Zhuang Ai , Chai Peiwei , Wang Shaoyun , Zuo Sipeng , Yu Jie , Jia Shichong , Ge Shengfang , Jia Renbing , Zhou Yixiong , Shi Wodong , Xu Xiaofang , Ruan Jing , Fan Xianqun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic potential and the underlying mechanism of metformin, an adenosine monophosphate‐activated kinase (AMPK) activator, in ocular melanoma.MethodsCCK8, transwell, and colony formation assays were performed to detect the proliferation and migration ability of ocular melanoma cells. A mouse orthotopic xenograft model was built to detect ocular tumor growth in vivo. Western blot, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy were adopted to evaluate the autophagy levels of ocular melanoma cells, and high‐throughput proteomics and CUT & Tag assays were performed to analyze the candidate for autophagy alteration.ResultsHere, we revealed for the first time that a relatively low dose of metformin induced significant tumorspecific inhibition of the proliferation and migration of ocular melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, we found that metformin significantly attenuated autophagic influx in ocular melanoma cells. Through high‐throughput proteomics analysis, we revealed that optineurin (OPTN), which is a key candidate for autophagosome formation and maturation, was significantly downregulated after metformin treatment. Moreover, excessive OPTN expression was associated with an unfavorable prognosis of patients. Most importantly, we found that a histone deacetylase, SIRT1, was significantly upregulated after AMPK activation, resulting in histone deacetylation in the OPTN promoter.ConclusionsOverall, we revealed for the first time that metformin significantly inhibited the progression of ocular melanoma, and verified that metformin acted as an autophagy inhibitor through histone deacetylation of OPTN. This study provides novel insights into metformin ‐ guided suppression of ocular melanoma and the potential mechanism underlying the dual role of metformin in autophagy regulation.
Interactions with soil fungi alter density dependence and neighborhood effects in a locally abundant dipterocarp species
Authors: Segnitz R. Max , Russo Sabrina E. , Peay Kabir G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeedling recruitment can be strongly affected by the composition of nearby plant species. At the neighborhood scale (on the order of tens of meters), adult conspecifics can modify soil chemistry and the presence of host microbes (pathogens and mutualists) across their combined canopy area or rooting zones. At local or small spatial scales (on the order of one to few meters), conspecific seed or seedling density can influence the strength of intraspecific light and resource competition and also modify the density‐dependent spread of natural enemies such as pathogens or invertebrate predators. Intrinsic correlation between proximity to adult conspecifics (i.e., recruitment neighborhood) and local seedling density, arising from dispersal, makes it difficult to separate the independent and interactive factors that contribute to recruitment success. Here, we present a field experiment in which we manipulated both the recruitment neighborhood and seedling density to explore how they interact to influence the growth and survival of Dryobalanops aromatica, a dominant ectomycorrhizal tree species in a Bornean tropical rainforest. First, we found that both local seedling density and recruitment neighborhood had effects on performance of D. aromatica seedlings, though the nature of these impacts varied between growth and survival. Second, we did not find strong evidence that the effect of density on seedling survival is dependent on the presence of conspecific adult trees. However, accumulation of mutualistic fungi beneath conspecifics adults does facilitate establishment of D. aromatica seedlings. In total, our results suggest that recruitment near adult conspecifics was not associated with a performance cost and may have weakly benefitted recruiting seedlings. Positive effects of conspecifics may be a factor facilitating the regional hyperabundance of this species. Synthesis: Our results provide support for the idea that dominant species in diverse forests may escape the localized recruitment suppression that limits abundance in rarer species.
Insect herbivory increases from forest to alpine tundra in Arctic mountains
Authors: Zvereva Elena L. , Zverev Vitali , Kozlov Mikhail V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCurrent theory holds that the intensity of biotic interactions decreases with increases in latitude and elevation; however, empirical data demonstrate great variation in the direction, strength, and shape of elevational changes in herbivory. The latitudinal position of mountains may be one important source of this variation, but the acute shortage of data from polar mountains hampers exploration of latitude effects on elevational changes in herbivory. Here, we reduce this knowledge gap by exploring six elevation gradients located in three Arctic mountain ranges to test the prediction that a decrease in herbivory occurs with increasing elevation from forest to alpine tundra. Across the 10 most abundant evergreen and deciduous woody plant species, relative losses of foliage to insect herbivores were 2.2‐fold greater at the highest elevations (alpine tundra) than in mid‐elevation birch woodlands or low‐elevation coniferous forests. Plant quality for herbivores (quantified by specific leaf area) significantly decreased with elevation across all studied species, indicating that bottom‐up factors were unlikely to shape the observed pattern in herbivory. An experiment with open‐top chambers established at different elevations showed that even a slight increase in ambient temperature enhances herbivory in Arctic mountains. Therefore, we suggest that the discovered increase in herbivory with elevation is explained by higher temperatures at the soil surface in open habitats above the tree line compared with forests at lower elevations. This explanation is supported by the significant difference in elevational changes in herbivory between low and tall plants: herbivory on low shrubs increased fourfold from forest to alpine sites, while herbivory on trees and tall shrubs did not change with elevation. We suggest that an increase in herbivory with an increase in elevation is typical for high‐latitude mountains, where inverse temperature gradients, especially at the soil surface, are common. Verification of this hypothesis requires further studies of elevational patterns in herbivory at high latitudes.