bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental efficacy of vaccination of weaned piglets with a modified-live commercial PRRS virus vaccine against the challenge with a Spanish highly virulent PRRSV-1 strain
Authors: Cortey M. , Jiménez M. , Aguirre L. , Sánchez-Carvajal J. M. , Gómez-Laguna J. , Domingo-Carreño I. , Clilverd H. , Marcos M. , Menjon R. , Von Berg S. , Mateu E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In 2020, a highly virulent PRRSV-1 strain emerged in Spain and rapidly spread across the country. The purpose of the present study was to test in a piglet model whether a commercial PRRSV-1 modified live vaccine was able to confer protection against strain R1, a representative of the emerging clade. For that purpose, two groups of 26 piglets were either vaccinated intradermally or kept as controls; 42 days later, half of the animals in each group were intranasally challenged with the R1 strain. Then, animals were followed to assess the development of clinical signs (until 14 days post-challenge), lung lesions (10- and 35-days post-challenge), weight gains, viremia and nasal shedding and the immune response (anti PRRS virus nucleoprotein antibodies) by ELISA and virus specific-interferon-γ secreting cells by ELISPOT).

Results
Challenge of naïve pigs resulted in high fever (up to 41.9 °C), lethargy and severely retarded growth (0.748 kg/day). In contrast, vaccinated/challenged pigs had less fever and for a shorter period, lower clinical scores and a higher average daily weight gain (0.940 kg/day), comparable to the unchallenged animals. At 10 days-post challenge, in naïve animals on average 49.1% of the lung was pneumonic (range 8–81%) while in vaccinated animals the average was 15.7% (4–41%). Duration of viremia was reduced in vaccinated animals and after 14 days post-challenge, most were negative by RT-qPCR. In contrast, 50% of the naïve/challenged pigs remained viremic at 35 days post-challenge. Vaccination induced rapid seroconversion and challenge of naïve animals resulted in 100% of ELISA-positive pigs by day 14 post-challenge. Regarding the development of IFN-γ responses, for vaccinated animals the frequencies increased until day 35 post-vaccination. After challenge, in vaccinated pigs, the peak of the R1-specific IFN-γ response was reached at 14 days and then the viremia ceased, although nasal shedding persisted in some vaccinated animals.

Conclusions
In the present trial, vaccination resulted in improved clinical course, better weight gain and reduced viremia. At the peak of the infection, lung lesions were reduced in most animals although some individuals still had extensive pneumonia. In summary, vaccination was shown to provide partial but significant protection against the highly virulent R1 strain.
Beyond the surface: advanced wash-trading detection in decentralized NFT markets
Authors: Tošić Aleksandar , Vičič Jernej , Hrovatin Niki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wash trading in decentralized markets remains a significant concern magnified by the pseudonymous and public nature of blockchains. In this paper, we introduce an innovative methodology designed to detect wash-trading activities beyond surface-level transactions. Our approach integrates NFT ownership traces with the Ethereum Transaction Network, encompassing the complete historical record of all Ethereum-account normal transactions. By analyzing both networks, our method offers a notable advancement over techniques proposed in existing research. We analyzed the wash-trading activity of 7 notable NFT collections. Our results show that wash trading in unregulated NFT markets is an underestimated concern and is much more widespread in terms of both frequency and volume. Excluding the Meebits collection, which emerged as an outlier, wash trading constitutes up to 24% of the total trading volume. Specifically, for the Meebits collection, 93% of the total trade volume was attributed to wash trading.
Wide-viewing-angle color holographic 3D display system with high brightness encoding
Authors: Zheng Yi-Wei , Chu Fan , Lin Fan-Chuan , Hu Yi-Xiao , Li Yi-Long , Zheng Yi , Wang Di , Wang Qiong-Hua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Holographic 3D display technology, widely considered the ultimate solution for real 3D display, has broad applications in fields including advertisement, industrial manufacturing and military. However, it is difficult to simultaneously realize color holographic 3D display with wide viewing angle and high brightness required for an immersive visual experience. Here, a novel holographic 3D display system based on a customized achromatic liquid crystal grating and a phase-only spatial light modulator is proposed. Thanks to the secondary diffraction performed by the achromatic liquid crystal grating, nine secondary diffraction images of red, green and blue channels overlap in space in time sequence. Additionally, a high brightness hologram encoding method is developed, which introduces a frequency loss function with dynamic weights to ensure that differences of all frequency components in the frequency domain can be learned. The proposed method dramatically enhances light energy utilization by a factor of five, resulting in significantly brighter reconstructed images while substantially attenuating background noise in non-target regions. This groundbreaking system, achieving a remarkable ~ 65° wide viewing angle with good image quality and high brightness, represents a significant advancement in holographic technology, offering a comprehensive solution for wide-viewing-angle, high-brightness, color 3D displays with potential applications across diverse technological domains.
Interrater reliability of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 Criterion A for PTSD and complex PTSD in parents of children with autism using the Life Events Checklist
Authors: Hinde Kylie , Hald Gert Martin , Hallford David , Lange Theis , Arendt Mikkel Christoffer Berg B. , Pavan Silvia , Austin David 
Published: February 2025

Background
Parents of children with autisma demonstrate elevated traumatic stress symptoms, but seldom receive diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or complex PTSD. An accurate assessment of Criterion A is essential for a valid diagnosis of these disorders, yet it is uncertain whether Criterion A, as defined by the two primary international diagnostic systems (DSM-5-TR and ICD-11), yields consistent interrater reliability, when psychologists rely solely on self-report from these parents for assessing PTSD or complex PTSD.

Aims
This study aims to investigate interrater reliability across psychologists when assessing Criterion A events against the ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR.

Method
Ten Australian psychologists rated parents’ self-reported traumatic events related to parenting, using the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 Criterion A. Data from 200 randomly selected parents of children, all meeting symptom thresholds for PTSD or complex PTSD, were analysed. Bootstrapping calculated kappa coefficients, differences between ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR criteria, and self-reports of threat/no threat, with 95% confidence intervals for these differences.

Results
Interrater reliability varied from poor to moderate. The ICD-11 had significantly higher reliability than the DSM-5-TR for Criterion A (κdifference = 0.105, 95% CI 0.052–0.153, P < 0.001). The interrater reliability was lower when parents reported life threat, serious injury or death (κdifference = 0.096, 95% CI 0.019–0.176, P = 0.007).

Conclusions
This study highlights challenges in assessing PTSD and complex PTSD Criterion A in parents of children with autism, using DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 criteria with the Life Events Checklist, revealing less than adequate interrater reliability.
Considerations in Neoadjuvant Therapy Implementation in T3 and T4 Colon Cancer
Authors: Pena Paola , Cui Anna , AlMasad Qusai , Sousa Aryana , Abdelfattah Thaer , Espat N. Joseph , Calvino Abdul S. , Somasundar Ponnandai , Kwon Steve 
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly being considered over standard upfront surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer. Studies have been underpowered to look at the effect of NAC on overall survival (OS) in individual clinical T stages.

METHODS
A nationwide retrospective analysis using the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2020 to evaluate patients with clinical stage T3-4, N0-2, M0 colon adenocarcinomas in line with the FOxTROT trial. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of NAC approach compared with upfront surgery on OS. Clinical and pathological T stages were compared among those who underwent upfront surgery to evaluate the accuracy of clinical T staging.

RESULTS
A total of 60,557 patients were identified—2,313 patients undergoing NAC and 58,245 undergoing upfront surgery. In the past decade, use of NAC increased from 1.73% to 12.13%. In our multivariable survival analysis combining clinical T3 and T4 patients, we observed a worse OS in the NAC group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.26]). We found no OS benefit for patients undergoing NAC approach for clinical stage T3 (HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.28]) but found a significant OS benefit for patients undergoing NAC approach for clinical stage T4 (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.77 to 0.95]).

DISCUSSION
Our analysis demonstrated OS benefit of the NAC approach in T4 colon adenocarcinoma but not in T3. This study highlights the importance of evaluating the survival benefit of NAC separately for T3 and T4 colon adenocarcinoma in future studies.
Nonequilibrium continuous transition in a fast rotating turbulence
Authors: Lohani Chandra Shekhar , Nayak Suraj Kumar , Seshasayanan Kannabiran , Shukla Vishwanath 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the saturation of three-dimensional unstable perturbations on a fast rotating turbulent flow using direct numerical simulations (DNSs). We observe a transition from states dominated by coherent two-dimensional modes to states with three-dimensional variations (quasi-2D behavior), as the global rotation is varied, under the effect of Kolmogorov forcing. We find this transition akin to a critical phenomenon, wherein the order parameter scales with the distance to the critical point raised to an exponent. The exponent itself deviates from the predicted mean field value. Also, the nature of the fluctuations of the order parameter near the critical point indicate the presence of an on-off intermittency. The critical rotation rate at which the transition occurs exhibits a linear scaling behaviour with the forcing wave number. Linear stability analysis is used to verify the instability mechanisms and to find the linear threshold estimates; we find these to be in good agreement with the 3D nonlinear DNS results.
Exploring experiences of work-related inequitable treatment among international medical graduates (IMGs): A sequential explanatory mixed methods study
Authors: Healey Sunita Joann Rebecca , Fakes Kristy , Malau-Aduli Bunmi , Leigh Lucy , Nair Balakrishnan R 
Published: February 2025

Background
International medical graduates (IMGs) are an essential workforce for many high-income countries worldwide and are often recruited to fill workforce shortages. Studies identify workplace discrimination as a major challenge for IMGs. However, little detailed exploration has been undertaken on this issue.

Methods
We designed a sequential explanatory mixed methods study to explore details of inequitable treatment perceived by IMGs in Australia. An online survey was distributed to IMGs across Australia. We analysed data descriptively and tested for significant demographic differences against the primary discrimination variable using tests of association (t-test and chi-squared tests). Following analysis, individual interviews were undertaken by telephone, teleconference or face-to-face. Thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative study components. All data was triangulated to assess areas of congruence and difference and to gain fuller understanding of the data.

Results
We surveyed and interviewed 286 and 36 IMGs respectively. Most survey respondents reported that IMGs were disadvantaged when compared to Australian graduates, primarily due to registration and bureaucratic processes. Institutions/organisations and senior staff were implicated as major perpetrators of discrimination. Subtle experiences of interpersonal discrimination were reported by > 75% of those reporting discrimination in the last five years. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) were identified between the primary discrimination variable and ethnicity, native language, country of primary medical qualification and employment status. Negative sequelae of discrimination on IMG health and career progress were reported. Four themes were identified: i) Disadvantage as an independent construct to discrimination; ii) Structural and institutional discrimination facilitates exploitation; iii) Workplace bullying is a manifestation of inequitable treatment; iv) Inequitable treatment has physical and mental health implications for IMGs. High congruence was detected on triangulation of the quantitative and qualitative results.

Conclusions
IMGs describe various aspects of discrimination and disadvantage in Australia, warranting further investigation and action. Institutions are responsible for supporting a more equitable and inclusive environment for IMGs.
Double and Group Acceptance Sampling Inspection Plans Based on Truncated Life Test for the Quasi-Xgamma Distribution
Authors: Sen Subhradev , Saha Mahendra , Tripathi Harsh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, we developed group and double acceptance sampling inspection plans (GASIP) and (DASIP). In GASIP, multiple number of items, made as a group, can be tested simultaneously in an inspection procedure. We study both the GASIP and DASIP under the truncated life test assuming that the lifetime of an item is distributed as quasi-xgamma distribution (Sen and Chandra 2017). The plan parameters of both proposed plans are to be determined by satisfying the consumer’s risk at the specified ratio of true average life to the specified life and termination time. The results for different parameters are tabulated and explained in well manner for better understanding. Two suitable real data sets are considered for application purposes.
New results on exponential stability of time-varying systems using logarithmic norm
Authors: Hammi Mekki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work is concerned with the stability analysis of nonlinear time-varying systems by using a generalized integral inequality of Gamidov type.
The approach is based on the use of the notion of logarithmic norm.
We give sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the perturbed system, including Lyapunov-type
stability criteria and eigenvalue conditions on “slowly varying systems”. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by numerical examples.
Goths’ idigenous weapon? Wielbark Culture Axes from the Roman Period
Authors: Kontny Bartosz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The author studies the axe heads which may be attributed to the Wielbark Culture. They are grouped according to their finding contexts (possible grave finds, watery finds, possible Wielbark-culture objects from beyond its territory, stray finds). Majority of the Wielbark-culture axe heads dates to the Younger and Late Roman Period as well as the Early Migration Period. Early Roman Period items are almost lacking, which makes the hypothetical influence of the Late Pre-Roman military model (the Oksywie Culture) improbable. Axes were a popular weapon among the Balts, thus it seems probable that Wielbark-culture axes had been borrowed from the West Balt Circle. Popularity of the symmetrical forms of Group II after B. Kontny seems to confirm this supposition, although also other patterns i.a. Types Żarnowiec, Oder-Elbe and Leśnica are documented in the Wielbark Culture. Among them, the Żarnowiec Type has so far been associated generally with the territory of Poland, Type Leśnica – with the south of the Przeworsk Culture territory and the Oder-Elbe – with Luboszyce Culture, Elbe Germanic Circle and southern Scandinavia. Such an image requires verification: Types Leśnica and Żarnowiec are known from the Wielbark, Černâhov and the Sântana de Mureş Cultures and Oder-Elbe in Pomerania. The introduction of the axe took place simultaneously in some other cultural units: the Luboszyce Culture and Elbe Germanic Circle, probably in western Pomerania (the Dębczyno Group), and soon after in the Černâhov and the Sântana de Mureş Cultures. It seems that we deal with the real transformation of the Barbarian model of armament just before and during the crisis of the third century.
Spatial Processing Enhancement in Prefrontal Cortex for Rapid Detection of Valuable Objects
Authors: Sharifi Kiomars , Abbaszadeh Mojtaba , Ghazizadeh Ali 
Published: February 2025

It is recently shown that objects with long-term reward associations can be efficiently located during visual search. The neural mechanism for valuable object pop-out is unknown. In this work, we recorded neuronal responses in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) with known roles in visual search and reward processing in macaques while monkeys engaged in efficient vs inefficient visual search for high-value fractal objects (targets). Behavioral results and modeling using multi-alternative attention-modulated drift-diffusion (MADD) indicated that efficient search was concurrent with enhanced processing for peripheral objects. Notably, neural results showed response amplification and receptive field widening to peripherally presented targets in vlPFC during visual search. Both neural effects predict higher target detection and were found to be correlated with it. Our results suggest that value-driven efficient search independent of low-level visual features arises from reward-induced spatial processing enhancement of peripheral valuable objects.Significance StatementRapid detection of rewarding objects can be essential for survival and reproduction in real life. However, finding valuable objects, among many others, can be time-consuming and slow. In this work, we reveal reward-related changes in the receptive fields of neurons within the prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys that help them find valuable objects more efficiently. Such reward-related plasticity is shown to develop slowly for objects that are consistently associated with reward and challenges current theories of efficient search based on low-level visual features alone.
BMI trajectories in the first 3 months after childhood craniopharyngioma resection: a plea for early management of BMI changes
Authors: Hulsmann S C , Hoving E W , Bakker B , Janssens G O , van Schaik J , de Vos-Kerkhof E , Tissing W J E , van Santen H M 
Published: February 2025

Objective
Hypothalamic obesity (HO) is a severe condition following childhood craniopharyngioma (cCP) treatment. Despite multidisciplinary and centralized care, severe body mass index (BMI) changes are still often encountered after cCP surgery. We aimed to perform an in-depth analysis of BMI trajectories in our cCP cohort in the first year after surgery and to identify characteristics associated with BMI change.

Methods
Data were collected of cCP patients diagnosed since January 2018. Change (Δ) in BMI standard deviation scores (SDSs) from treatment to 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after and latest follow-up was assessed. Secondary outcomes were patient, tumor and treatment characteristics associated with ΔBMI SDS and interventions for postoperative weight gain.

Results
Of the 35 cCP patients, the most significant BMI SDS change was observed within the first three months following cCP resection, with almost half of the patients developing an increase of ≥1.0 BMI SDS. Of patients with the most severe BMI change within the first three months, 87% were overweight or obese at 12 months after cCP resection. Pharmacological intervention for obesity started on average 10.8 months postresection. Development of arginine vasopressin deficiency was positively correlated with ΔBMI SDS in the first three months (P = 0.017). Barriers for obesity intervention in the first months following treatment are discussed.

Conclusions
Following cCP resection, increase in BMI due to hypothalamic damage is most severe already in the first three months postoperatively. Postoperative rapid weight gain should be acknowledged as a consequence of hypothalamic damage and requires more early intervention aiming to prevent the development of HO.
Kidney Agenesis and Müllerian Duct Anomalies: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Donielaitė-Anisė Kamilė , Marozas Rytis , Bumbulienė Žana , Jankauskienė Augustina 
Published: February 2025

Background: The association between urinary tract anomalies and Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA) is well-known, due to their shared embryonic origin. Disruptions in early development can significantly affect both the kidney and reproductive systems. This article presents two cases illustrating the coexistence of kidney agenesis and MDA in girls, followed by a literature review.Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, focusing on publications from 2000 to 2024 by using keywords: ‘kidney agenesis’, ‘renal agenesis’, ‘Müllerian duct anomalies’, ‘OHVIRA’ (obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly), and ‘Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome’. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for the study selection. Additionally, two cases managed at Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos between 2022 and 2024 are presented.Results: The literature search yielded 32 articles encompassing data on 43 girls with an average age of 11.8 years. In 54% of the cases, the diagnosis of kidney agenesis was concurrent with identifying MDA. In other cases, kidney anomalies were detected earlier, including 6 cases identified prenatally. Type III MDA, as classified by the American Fertility Society, was the most common variety. Premenarche diagnosis of MDA was made in 11.9% of the cases. In more than half of the cases, MDA was identified due to complaints necessitating consultations, mostly leading to urgent surgical interventions. At our hospital, a 9-year-old and a 14-year-old were diagnosed with Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome. Kidney agenesis was diagnosed prior to MDA in both cases. For the 9-year-old girl, MDA was found incidentally on ultrasound, while the other required consultation and an urgent surgery due to symptoms.Conclusions: Unilateral kidney agenesis frequently co-occurs with Müllerian duct anomalies, highlighting the need for comprehensive evaluations in affected patients. An early diagnosis and management of MDA are crucial to prevent complications. An increased clinical awareness and further research are necessary to enhance early detection and patient outcomes.