bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the photoelastic conoscopic fringe pattern processing for the stress measurement on uniaxial PWO crystal cut parallel to the a-c plane and with variable thickness.
Authors: Natali P.P. , Cherubini F. , Davì F. , Montalto L. , Rinaldi D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a case study in which conoscopic,
non-invasive, photoelastic techniques and the associated model are
applied for the first time to investigate the internal stress state
of the PbWO4 (PWO) uniaxial crystal, cut normal to the
crystallographic a-c plane and with non-uniform thickness.

As a matter of facts indeed, in the mass production of crystals it
is rather probable to have specimen of non-constant thickness. In
addition, the crystal cut, normal to the a-c plane, lead to a
complex fringes structure and modeling. This can affect the fringe
patterns interpretation, and in turn the interpretation of the
stress state within the sample. In this paper we analyze the
dependence of some model parameters on the thickness, and the
relative interpretation of the fringe pattern in order to obtain a
reliable measure of the stress for observations normal to the
a-c plane. This procedure can speed up the crystal analysis
whatever the thickness of the crystal is.
Construction of Durvalumab/carbon nanotube/PEI/aptamer-siRNA chimera for the immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qiang Niu , Wei Lv , Tao Yan , Jin Wang , Bin Yan , DingHua Zhou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Immunotherapy is the most promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment and necrosis limit its therapeutic effectiveness. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have good tissue permeability and can penetrate tumor necrosis area. Here we constructed a Durvalumab/CNT/PEI/aptamer-siRNA chimera (chimera/Durmab/CNT) nanoparticles for the immunotherapy of HCC. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that aptamer-siRNA chimeras could specifically bind HCC cells and inhibit the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (Trem2) expression, but had no effect on Trem2 expression in normal liver and lung. Transmission electron microscope results showed that the CNT/PEI nanoparticles were 20–30 nm in diameter and 200–350 nm in length. Dense PEI attachment can be observed on CNTs. CNT/PEI nanoparticles could control the sustained release of Durvalumab for 48 h. In vitro experimental results showed that chimera/Durmab/CNT could increase the proportion of T cells and CD8 + T cells, and then promote the apoptosis of HepG2 cells, and the therapeutic effect was superior to aptamer/Durmab/CNT and Durmab/CNT. We constructed a tumor-bearing mouse model, and the results showed that chimera/Durmab/CNT significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted tumor, and the volume and proliferation was further reduced in the chimera/Durmab/CNT group compared with the aptamer/Durmab/CNT group. T cells and CD8 + T cells infiltration, and HCC cell apoptosis were significantly increased in the chimera/Durmab/CNT group. In conclusion, we constructed a Durvalumab/CNT/PEI/chimera, which can effectively treat HCC by activating anti-tumor immunity.
Propagation-invariant high-dimensional orbital angular momentum states
Authors: Mao Li-Wei , Ding Dong-Sheng , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Zhu Zhi-Han 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Photonic states encoded in spatial modes of paraxial light fields provide a promising platform for high-dimensional quantum information protocols and related studies, where several pioneering theoretical and experimental demonstrations have paved the path for future technologies. Crucially, critical issues encountered in free-space propagation still represent a major challenge. This is the case of asynchronous diffraction between spatial modes with different modal orders, which experience variations in their transverse structure upon free-space propagation. Here we address this issue by proposing an encoding method based on the use of Laguerre–Gaussian modes of the same modal order N to define a N + 1 dimensional space. Noteworthy, such modes endowed with orbital angular momentum (OAM) experience the same propagation aberrations featuring an identical Gouy phase and wavefront curvature. We demonstrate our proposal experimentally by using time-correlated-single-photon imaging combined with a digital propagation technique. Importantly, our technique allows to eliminate, without the use of imaging systems, all issues related to asynchronous diffraction, providing an accessible way to generate propagation-invariant OAM qudits for quantum optical protocols.
Two-dimensional material-based printed photonics: a review
Authors: Francis Bibi Mary , Ponraj Joice Sophia , Dhanabalan Balaji , Manavalan Rajesh Kumar , Veluswamy Pandiyarasan , Yin Peng , Al-Hartomy Omar A , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed , Wageh Swelm , Zhang Han , Dhanabalan Sathish Chander 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Functional inks based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have potential application in building new and commercially viable photonic devices via different printing techniques. Printed photonics using 2D material-based inks brings together the unique optical properties of 2D materials and different printing techniques in the fabrication of photonic devices that can revolutionize telecommunication, information technology, and computing. Understanding the need for a comprehensive guide for researchers using 2D material-based inks of printed photonics, we have compiled the essential concepts governing this field in this review. We begin with a discussion of the optical properties of 2D materials commonly used in photonic applications. The general properties of functional inks, and commonly used substrates compatible for printed photonics application are also listed. The printing methods commonly used in 2D material-based photonic device fabrication are explained, with a focus on inkjet printing, the most demonstrated method in this field. We have discussed a few examples of photonic devices printed with 2D material-based functional inks. Finally, our perspective on 2D materials that have the potential to improve the performance of photonic devices as well as build devices with new functionalities are listed.
Positron lifetime spectroscopy applied to pure sulphur and selenium
Authors: Domínguez-Reyes Ricardo , Rodríguez-López A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High purity crystalline orthorhombic Sulphur and hexagonal Selenium have been investigated using Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy technique. Annealed for 3 h at 120 °C Selenium lifetime (308(1) ps) has been compared with previous Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy knowledge in order to validate the measurements and the analysis procedure, and also compared with theoretical calculations available in literature, including different methods and parametrizations, resulting on the best match of LMTO-ASA method with GGA parametrization. Annealed for 3 h at 80 °C Sulphur samples were studied by the same means providing a single lifetime component with value 300(1) ps that has been assigned to the positron annihilation in the bulk that is not present in the current literature.
Automatic extraction of tunnel centerline and cross-sections from 3D point clouds
Authors: Yu Jiayong , Lv Deliang , Tian Maoyi , Zhang Yang , Lin Jingfeng , Xu Fei , Shi Guigang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The accurate extraction of tunnel centerline and tunnel cross-section plays a vital role in many tunnel deformation monitoring projects. To address this issue, An automatic data extraction method for a tunnel centerline and cross-section is proposed based on the three-dimensional laser scanning data. A k-dimensional tree index is first constructed based on the horizontal projection of the tunnel point clouds, and then a series of seed points is selected as the center of several neighborhood point sets with different radii; the difference set region, which will be used to calculate the tunnel horizontal centerline point based on the convex hull operation, is obtained. Then, according to the horizontal centerline, the cross-section of the tunnel point clouds is extracted and fitted to obtain the tunnel cross-section parameters and three-dimensional centerline. Based on the design values of the three-dimensional centerline and tunnel radius, the overall model of the tunnel can be constructed and applied to the visual analysis of tunnel deformation. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately obtain the tunnel centerline and cross-section parameters, with a minimal 0.011 cm error for the extraction of the horizontal centerline. The proposed tunnel model could simulate the undulation of the tunnel surface well and provide reference values for similar cases.
Source-agnostic gravitational-wave detection with recurrent autoencoders
Authors: Moreno Eric A , Borzyszkowski Bartlomiej , Pierini Maurizio , Vlimant Jean-Roch , Spiropulu Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present an application of anomaly detection techniques based on deep recurrent autoencoders (AEs) to the problem of detecting gravitational wave (GW) signals in laser interferometers. Trained on noise data, this class of algorithms could detect signals using an unsupervised strategy, i.e. without targeting a specific kind of source. We develop a custom architecture to analyze the data from two interferometers. We compare the obtained performance to that obtained with other AE architectures and with a convolutional classifier. The unsupervised nature of the proposed strategy comes with a cost in terms of accuracy, when compared to more traditional supervised techniques. On the other hand, there is a qualitative gain in generalizing the experimental sensitivity beyond the ensemble of pre-computed signal templates. The recurrent AE outperforms other AEs based on different architectures. The class of recurrent AEs presented in this paper could complement the search strategy employed for GW detection and extend the discovery reach of the ongoing detection campaigns.
Histomorphological Findings of Cartilage and Surrounding Tissues According to Thickness and Manipulations in Rabbits
Authors: Kim Sung Hee , Suh Ja Hee , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Costal cartilage is commonly employed as a dorsal implant in Asian rhinoplasty. To achieve better outcomes, it is important to know which types of costal cartilage are most appropriate for dorsal augmentation.

Objectives
The authors investigated how various forms of costal cartilage affect the surrounding tissues and their resorption over time, as well as their clinical appearance, using histomorphological analysis.

Methods
Cartilage samples were collected from the anterior chest wall of 10 rabbits. Four forms of cartilage—2-mm solid block, 1-mm solid block, diced, and crushed—were prepared and inserted into the subcutaneous tissue pockets of the nasal dorsum of each rabbit. The animals were killed 3 and 6 months later, and graft specimens were examined.

Results
Histomorphological analysis revealed important findings of the cartilage and surrounding tissues. The thickness of thick cartilage significantly decreased over time, but the thickness of thin cartilage did not significantly change (P = 0.038). Additionally, the thick cartilages showed a lower degree of vascularization than the thin cartilages (P &lt; 0.001). A comparison of the cartilage forms revealed that the diced cartilages had better chondrocyte survival than the solid block cartilages (P &lt; 0.001). Fat tissues were prominently observed surrounding the diced cartilages at 3 months (P = 0.01), and fibrosis was more prominently observed in the crushed cartilage than in the other types of cartilages (P = 0.04 and P = 0.005 at 3 and 6 months, respectively).

Conclusions
This study revealed differences in resorption depending on the thickness of the costal cartilage in rabbits. Among the various forms of costal cartilages, diced and thin solid-block cartilage were the best option for dorsal augmentation when considering long-term graft survival.
scMoC: single-cell multi-omics clustering
Authors: Eltager Mostafa , Abdelaal Tamim , Mahfouz Ahmed , Reinders Marcel J T 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivationSingle-cell multi-omics assays simultaneously measure different molecular features from the same cell. A key question is how to benefit from the complementary data available and perform cross-modal clustering of cells.ResultsWe propose Single-Cell Multi-omics Clustering (scMoC), an approach to identify cell clusters from data with comeasurements of scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq from the same cell. We overcome the high sparsity of the scATAC-seq data by using an imputation strategy that exploits the less-sparse scRNA-seq data available from the same cell. Subsequently, scMoC identifies clusters of cells by merging clusterings derived from both data domains individually. We tested scMoC on datasets generated using different protocols with variable data sparsity levels. We show that scMoC (i) is able to generate informative scATAC-seq data due to its RNA-guided imputation strategy and (ii) results in integrated clusters based on both RNA and ATAC information that are biologically meaningful either from the RNA or from the ATAC perspective.Availability and implementationThe data used in this manuscript is publicly available, and we refer to the original manuscript for their description and availability. For convience sci-CAR data is available at NCBI GEO under the accession number of GSE117089. SNARE-seq data is available at NCBI GEO under the accession number of GSE126074. The 10X multiome data is available at the following link https://www.10xgenomics.com/resources/datasets/pbmc-from-a-healthy-donor-no-cell-sorting-3-k-1-standard-2-0-0.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Phosphate enrichment induces increased dominance of the parasiteAquarickettsiain the coralAcropora cervicornis
Authors: Klinges J Grace , Patel Shalvi H , Duke William C , Muller Erinn M , Vega Thurber Rebecca L 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNutrient pollution is linked to coral disease susceptibility and severity, but the mechanism behind this effect remains underexplored. A recently identified bacterial species, ‘Ca. Aquarickettsia rohweri,’ is hypothesized to parasitize the Caribbean staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, leading to reduced coral growth and increased disease susceptibility. Aquarickettsia rohweri is hypothesized to assimilate host metabolites and ATP and was previously demonstrated to be highly nutrient-responsive. As nutrient enrichment is a pervasive issue in the Caribbean, this study examined the effects of common nutrient pollutants (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate) on a disease-susceptible genotype of A. cervicornis. Microbial diversity was found to decline over the course of the experiment in phosphate-, nitrate-, and combined-treated samples, and quantitative PCR indicated that Aquarickettsia abundance increased significantly across all treatments. Only treatments amended with phosphate, however, exhibited a significant shift in Aquarickettsia abundance relative to other taxa. Furthermore, corals exposed to phosphate had significantly lower linear extension than untreated or nitrate-treated corals after 3 weeks of nutrient exposure. Together these data suggest that while experimental tank conditions, with an elevated nutrient regime associated with coastal waters, increased total bacterial abundance, only the addition of phosphate significantly altered the ratios of Aquarickettsia compared to other members of the microbiome.
Exploring the phenotypic diversity of oenological traits inKluyveromyces marxianusstrains
Authors: Erasmus Barend , Divol Benoit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in the winemaking process may have several positive outcomes. Kluyveromyces marxianus has recently been revealed as a promising species for this industry. While the majority of studies mention the use of K. marxianus in various industries including food production (e.g. dairy and cocoa), recent studies have also shown that its aroma and pectinase production make it a suitable yeast for the wine industry. Nevertheless, only particular strain, IWBT Y885, was investigated. In this study, five different K. marxianus strains as well as one protoplast fusant (BF2020) were compared to strain Y885. These comparisons focused on various oenological traits such as fermentation performance, fermentation metabolites, hydrogen sulfide, and pectinase production. Throughout the study, variations were found between the K. marxianus strains investigated. Indeed, although common traits such as high pectinase activity appeared conserved among K. marxianus strains, a fairly large phenotypic diversity was also evident. Using cluster analysis, strain groupings emerged with strains L01, L05, Y885, and BF2020 grouping together. Similarly, strains L02 and L04 grouped together while strain L03 appearing to show the most variation between the strains investigated. Variation between strains was observed regardless of the original source of isolation.
Chromosome-Level Genome Assemblies of Two Hypnales (Mosses) Reveal High Intergeneric Synteny
Authors: Yu Jin , Cai Yuqing , Zhu Yixin , Zeng Yuying , Dong Shanshan , Zhang Kexin , Wang Sibo , Li Linzhou , Goffinet Bernard , Liu Huan , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mosses compose one of the three lineages of bryophytes. Today, about 13,000 species of mosses are recognized from across the globe, and at least one-third of this diversity composes the Hypnales, a lineage characterized by an early rapid radiation. We sequenced and de novo assembled the genomes of two hypnalean mosses, namely Entodon seductrix and Hypnum curvifolium, based on the 10x genomics and Hi-C data. The genome assemblies of E. seductrix and H. curvifolium comprise 348.4 and 262.0 Mb, respectively, estimated by k-mer analyses to represent 93.3% and 97.2% of their total genome size. Both genomes were assembled at the chromosome level, with scaffold N50 of 30.0 and 20.7 Mb, respectively. The annotated genome of E. seductrix comprises 25,801 protein-coding genes and that of H. curvifolium 29,077, estimated to represent 96.8% and 97.2%, respectively, of the total gene spaces based on BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog) assessment. For both genomes, most contigs were anchored to the largest 11 pseudomolecules, corresponding to the 11 chromosomes of the two species, and each with a putative sex-related chromosome characterized by low gene density. The chromosomes of E. seductrix and H. curvifolium are highly syntenic, suggests limited architectural shifts occurred following the rapid radiation of the Hypnales. We compared their genomic features to the model moss Physcomitrium patens. The hypnalean moss genomes lack signatures of recent whole-genome duplication. The presented high-quality moss genomes provide new resources for comparative genomics to potentially unveil the genomic evolution of derived moss lineages.
The impact of unconditional cash transfers on morbidity and health-seeking behaviour in Africa: evidence from Ghana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe
Authors: Novignon Jacob , Prencipe Leah , Molotsky Adria , Valli Elsa , de Groot Richard , Adamba Clement , Palermo Tia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Unconditional cash transfers have demonstrated widespread, positive impacts on consumption, food security, productive activities and schooling. However, the evidence to date on cash transfers and health-seeking behaviours and morbidity is not only mixed, but the evidence base is biased towards conditional programmes from Latin America and is more limited in the context of Africa. Given contextual and programmatic design differences between the regions, more evidence from Africa is warranted. We investigate the impact of unconditional cash transfers on morbidity and health-seeking behaviour using data from experimental and quasi-experimental study designs of five government cash transfer programs in Ghana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Programme impacts were estimated using difference-in-differences models with longitudinal data. The results indicate positive programme impacts on health seeking when ill and on health expenditures. Our findings suggest that while unconditional cash transfers can improve health seeking when ill, morbidity impacts were mixed. More research is needed on longer-term impacts, mechanisms of impact and moderating factors. Additionally, taken together with existing evidence, our findings suggest that when summarizing the impacts of cash transfers on health, findings from conditional and unconditional programmes should be disaggregated.
CmABF1 and CmCBF4 cooperatively regulate putrescine synthesis to improve cold tolerance of melon seedlings
Authors: Li Meng , Duan Xiaoyu , Gao Ge , Liu Tao , Qi Hongyan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Low temperatures severely restrict melon seedling growth. However, the mechanisms by which melon adapts to cold stress are poorly understood. Arginine decarboxylase (ADC), a key synthetase, catalyzes putrescine biosynthesis in plants. In this study, we found that CmADC functions as a positive regulator of melon seedling cold tolerance. In addition, two transcription factors, abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE)-binding factor 1 (CmABF1) and C-repeat binding factor 4 (CmCBF4), directly target CmADC to trigger its expression. Consistently, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CmABF1 or CmCBF4 downregulated CmADC abundance, decreased putrescine accumulation, and reduced cold tolerance. Furthermore, some other CBF and ABF members show at least partial functional redundancy and complementarity with CmABF1 and CmCBF4. Overall, our work reveals that the ABA, CBF, and polyamine pathways may form a cooperative regulatory network to participate in plant cold stress response.
Deep-learning-based in-field citrus fruit detection and tracking
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Yuxin , Chen Kaizhen , Li Huibin , Duan Yulin , Wu Wenbin , Shi Yun , Guo Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fruit yield estimation is crucial for establishing fruit harvest and marketing strategies. Recently, computer vision and deep learning techniques have been used to estimate citrus fruit yield and have exhibited notable fruit detection ability. However, computer-vision-based citrus fruit counting has two key limitations: inconsistent fruit detection accuracy and double-counting of the same fruit. Using oranges as the experimental material, this paper proposes a deep-learning-based orange counting algorithm using video sequences to help overcome these problems. The algorithm consists of two sub-algorithms, OrangeYolo for fruit detection and OrangeSort for fruit tracking. The OrangeYolo backbone network is partially based on the YOLOv3 algorithm, which has been improved upon to detect small objects (fruits) at multiple scales. The network structure was adjusted to detect small-scale targets while enabling multiscale target detection. A channel attention and spatial attention multiscale fusion module was introduced to fuse the semantic features of the deep network with the shallow textural detail features. OrangeYolo can achieve mean Average Precision (mAP) values of 0.957 in the citrus dataset, higher than the 0.905, 0.911, and 0.917 achieved with the YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5 algorithms. OrangeSort was designed to alleviate the double-counting problem associated with occluded fruits. A specific tracking region counting strategy and tracking algorithm based on motion displacement estimation were established. Six video sequences taken from two fields containing 22 trees were used as the validation dataset. The proposed method showed better performance (Mean Absolute Error (MAE) = 0.081, Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.08) than video-based manual counting and produced more accurate results than the existing standards Sort and DeepSort (MAE = 0.45 and 1.212; SD = 0.4741 and 1.3975).