bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic evaluation of restrictive vs. liberal transfusion strategy following acute myocardial infarction (REALITY): trial-based cost–effectiveness and cost–utility analyses
Authors: Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Ducrocq Gregory , Mimouni Maroua , Frenkiel Jerome , Avendano-Solá Cristina , Gonzalez-Juanatey Jose R , Ferrari Emile , Lemesle Gilles , Puymirat Etienne , Berard Laurence , Cachanado Marine , Arnaiz Joan Albert , Martínez-Sellés Manuel , Silvain Johanne , Ariza-Solé Albert , Calvo Gonzalo , Danchin Nicolas , Paco Sandra , Drouet Elodie , Abergel Helene , Rousseau Alexandra , Simon Tabassome , Steg Philippe Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo estimate the cost–effectiveness and cost–utility ratios of a restrictive vs. liberal transfusion strategy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with anaemia.Methods and resultsPatients (n = 666) with AMI and haemoglobin between 7–8 and 10 g/dL recruited in 35 hospitals in France and Spain were randomly assigned to a restrictive (n = 342) or a liberal (n = 324) transfusion strategy with 1-year prospective collection of resource utilization and quality of life using the EQ5D3L questionnaire. The economic evaluation was based on 648 patients from the per-protocol population. The outcomes were 30-day and 1-year cost-effectiveness, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) averted as the effectiveness outcome. and a 1-year cost–utility ratio.The 30-day incremental cost–effectiveness ratio was €33 065 saved per additional MACE averted with the restrictive vs. liberal strategy, with an 84% probability for the restrictive strategy to be cost-saving and MACE-reducing (i.e. dominant). At 1 year, the point estimate of the cost–utility ratio was €191 500 saved per quality-adjusted life year gained; however, the cumulated MACE was outside the pre-specified non-inferiority margin, resulting in a decremental cost–effectiveness ratio with a point estimate of €72 000 saved per additional MACE with the restrictive strategy.ConclusionIn patients with AMI and anaemia, the restrictive transfusion strategy was dominant (cost-saving and outcome-improving) at 30 days. At 1 year, the restrictive strategy remained cost-saving, but clinical non-inferiority on MACE was no longer maintained.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02648113.One sentence summaryThe use of a restrictive transfusion strategy in patients with acute myocardial infarction is associated with lower healthcare costs, but more evidence is needed to ascertain its long-term clinical impact.
Modelling elastic properties of partially saturated porous rocks with aligned fractures
Authors: Kong Liyun , Ma Yanyan , Gurevich Boris 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY
A simple but rigorous extension to anisotropy of the isotropic theory for partially saturated rocks is developed to model the variations of the P-wave velocities with angle of incidence and water saturation in partially saturated fractured rocks. The theory is developed to match ultrasonic measurements on a synthetic sandstone samples with a regular distribution of aligned, penny-shaped fractures. The velocity anisotropy in the dry fractured sample is well described with a set of standard anisotropic effective medium theory for penny-shaped cracks. The saturation dependence of the velocities is modelled by a combination of four mechanisms (squirt flow, uniform saturation, patchy saturation and full water saturation) and described by four corresponding theoretical models (squirt-flow relaxation model, anisotropic Gassmann–Wood equations, Backus average and anisotropic Gassmann equations). At ultrasonic frequencies, this simple but rigorous combination of poroelastic models can describe angle and saturation dependency of velocities and moduli in a partially saturated fractured and porous rock reasonably well.
Ecological Transitions and the Shape of the Decapod Tree of Life
Authors: Davis Katie E , De Grave Sammy , Delmer Cyrille , Payne Alexander R D , Mitchell Steve , Wills Matthew A 
Published: May 2022

SynopsisUnderstanding the processes that shaped the distribution of species richness across the Tree of Life is a central macroevolutionary research agenda. Major ecological innovations, including transitions between habitats, may help to explain the striking asymmetries of diversity that are often observed between sister clades. Here, we test the impact of such transitions on speciation rates across decapod crustaceans, modeling diversification dynamics within a phylogenetic framework. Our results show that, while terrestrial lineages have higher speciation rates than either marine or freshwater lineages, there is no difference between mean speciation rates in marine and freshwater lineages across Decapoda. Partitioning our data by infraorder reveals that those clades with habitat heterogeneity have higher speciation rates in freshwater and terrestrial lineages, with freshwater rates up to 1.5 times faster than marine rates, and terrestrial rates approximately four times faster. This averaging out of marine and freshwater speciation rates results from the varying contributions of different clades to average speciation rates. However, with the exception of Caridea, we find no evidence for any causal relationship between habitat and speciation rate. Our results demonstrate that while statistical generalizations about ecological traits and evolutionary rates are valuable, there are many exceptions. Hence, while freshwater and terrestrial lineages typically speciate faster than their marine relatives, there are many atypically slow freshwater lineages and fast marine lineages across Decapoda. Future work on diversification patterns will benefit from the inclusion of fossil data, as well as additional ecological factors.
Firm Expectations and Economic Activity
Authors: Enders Zeno , Hünnekes Franziska , Müller Gernot 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We assess how firm expectations about future production impact current production and pricing decisions. Our analysis is based on a large survey of firms in the German manufacturing sector. To identify the causal effect of expectations, we rely on the timing of survey responses and match firms with the same fundamentals but different views about the future. Firms that expect their production to increase (decrease) in the future are 15 percentage points more (less) likely to raise current production and prices, compared to firms that expect no change in production. In a second step, we show that expectations also matter even if they turn out to be incorrect. Lastly, we aggregate expectation errors across firms and find that they account for about 15% of aggregate fluctuations.
Dynamic permeability in porous media and identification of pore fluids by using borehole Stoneley wave
Authors: Peng Fan , Zhang Xiumei , Wang Xiuming , Chen Hao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The sound field in porous media is affected by fluid flow governed by dynamic permeability. This macroscopic quantity is frequency dependent and can be connected with a relevant pore-scale estimation called the stochastic dynamic permeability (SDP) model. To further investigate the characteristics of the SDP model with different variables related to Biot relaxation frequency and envisage its potential applications in borehole acoustics, the influence of microstructures from a pore-scale image on dynamic permeability is studied. Then, the characteristics of dynamic permeability and a borehole Stoneley wave with different parameters are explored by sensitivity analysis. According to the influences of pore fluid parameters including density and viscosity, the velocity dispersion and attenuation of Stoneley waves in oil, gas and water-bearing formations are calculated. The results show that the dynamic permeability is affected by the microstructure of pores and the Biot relaxation frequency parameters have a crucial influence on the attenuation of the borehole Stoneley wave. Meanwhile, the attenuation coefficient can be used to identify the type of pore fluids. This is verified by an application to in situ acoustic logging data. The work provides a relatively comprehensive understanding of the features of the SDP dynamic permeability and indicates an approach to identify pore fluid by using a borehole Stoneley wave.
“The pedigree of Honey”
Authors: Nashar Claire 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This essay provides a national and local context for understanding how Emily Dickinson used, rejected, or ignored the contemporary symbolic associations of bees, which during her lifetime were both extremely popular metaphors in American social and political discourse at large and prominent in the social language and geography of Amherst. Drawing on newspaper coverage of the Amherst “Bee Hive” (1850s–64), a tenement building home to low-income Irish and Black families that stood a few houses down from Dickinson’s childhood home, as well as other local news stories and advertisements, the essay establishes the function of bee rhetoric in national and local explorations of class, gender, and race. It argues that, in reflection of this broader rhetorical context, Dickinson’s bee poems experiment with different guises of agency, manifesting it in relation to different classes, types of privilege, and aspects of American history, including colonialism and immigration. Especially in the context of her own relatively retiring life, the ambition of Dickinson’s bees suggests that the broader social world was in fact of distinct interest to her. Among other things, the bee poems clarify that Dickinson’s social environment gave her a multitude of ways to define herself—both against others, whom she considered to be unlike herself, and with others, whose experiences built up and exceeded her own.
Development and Pilot Testing of a Data-Rich Clinical Reasoning Training and Assessment Tool
Authors: Waechter Jason , Allen Jon , Lee Chel Hee , Zwaan Laura 
Published: May 2022

Problem
Clinical reasoning is a core competency for physicians and also a common source of errors, driving high rates of misdiagnoses and patient harm. Efforts to provide training in and assessment of clinical reasoning skills have proven challenging because they are either labor- and resource-prohibitive or lack important data relevant to clinical reasoning. The authors report on the creation and use of online simulation cases to train and assess clinical reasoning skills among medical students.

Approach
Using an online library of simulation cases, they collected data relevant to the creation of the differential diagnosis, analysis of the history and physical exam, diagnostic justification, ordering tests; interpreting tests, and ranking of the most probable diagnosis. These data were compared with an expert-created scorecard, and detailed quantitative and qualitative feedback were generated and provided to the learners and instructors.

Outcomes
Following an initial pilot study to troubleshoot the software, the authors conducted a second pilot study in which 2 instructors developed and provided 6 cases to 75 second-year medical students. The students completed 376 cases (average 5.0 cases per student), generating more than 40,200 data points that the software analyzed to inform individual learner formative feedback relevant to clinical reasoning skills. The instructors reported that the workload was acceptable and sustainable.

Next Steps
The authors are actively expanding the library of clinical cases and providing more students and schools with formative feedback in clinical reasoning using our tool. Further, they have upgraded the software to identify and provide feedback on behaviors consistent with premature closure, anchoring, and confirmation biases. They are currently collecting and analyzing additional data using the same software to inform validation and psychometric outcomes for future publications.
The shock team: a multidisciplinary approach to early patient phenotyping and appropriate care escalation in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Brusca Samuel B. , Caughron Hope , Njoroge Joyce N. , Cheng Richard , O’Brien Connor G. , Barnett Christopher F. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a highly morbid condition with mortality remaining greater than 30% despite improved pathophysiologic understanding and access to mechanical circulatory support (MCS). In response, shock teams modeled on successful multidisciplinary care structures for other diseases are being implemented nationwide.

Recent findings
Primary data supporting a benefit of shock team implementation on patient outcomes are relatively limited and entirely observational. Four single-center before-and-after studies and one multicenter registry study have demonstrated improved outcomes in patients with CS, potentially driven by increased pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) utilization and earlier (and more appropriate) initiation of MCS. Shock teams are also supported by a growing body of literature recognizing the independent benefit of the interventions they seek to implement, including patient phenotyping with PAC use and an algorithmic approach to CS care. Though debated, MCS is also highly likely to improve CS outcomes when applied appropriately, which further supports a multidisciplinary shock team approach to patient and device selection.

Summary
Shock teams likely improve patient outcomes by facilitating early patient phenotyping and appropriate intervention. Institutions should strongly consider adopting a multidisciplinary shock team approach to CS care, though additional data supporting these interventions are needed.
Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate: A Single-Institution Outcomes Evaluation Using Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Kimia Rotem , Scott Michelle , Magee Leanne , Jackson Oksana A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Secondary alveolar bone grafting of autologous bone from the iliac crest is a widely accepted modality for repair of residual alveolar cleft in patients with mixed dentition with previously repaired complete cleft lip and palate. There remains debate regarding surgical timing and preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative management of these cases.

Methods:
This retrospective study reviewed patient demographic information in addition to preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative course to evaluate how patient and practice factors impact graft outcomes as assessed by three-dimensional cone beam computed tomographic evaluation at the 6-month postoperative visit.

Results:
On univariate analysis, age at operation older than 9 years, history of oronasal fistula, history of cleft lip or palate revision, and history of international adoption were all found to significantly increase likelihood of graft failure (p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, age older than 9 years was found to be the single most significant predictor of graft failure (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in graft outcomes between patients with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate, and no single variable was found to significantly correlate to increased complication rates. The graft success rate overall of the authors’ practice was 86.2 percent, with a complication rate of 7.7 percent.

Conclusions:
Secondary alveolar bone grafting is an integral part of the cleft lip and palate surgical treatment series; this study identified several outcome predictors for both graft failure and adverse events, the most significant of which was age at operation. Although the mixed dentition phase often extends to 12 years of age, it is recommended that bone grafting be performed before 9 years of age to optimize outcomes.

CLINICAL QUESTIONS/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Endothelial Brg1 fine-tunes Notch signaling during zebrafish heart regeneration
Authors: Xiao Chenglu , Hou Junjie , Wang Fang , Song Yabing , Zheng Jiyuan , Luo Lingfei , Wang Jianbin , Ding Wanqiu , Zhu Xiaojun , Xiong Jing-Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMyocardial Brg1 is essential for heart regeneration in zebrafish, but it remains unknown whether and how endothelial Brg1 plays a role in heart regeneration. Here, we found that both brg1 mRNA and protein were induced in cardiac endothelial cells after ventricular resection, and endothelium-specific over-expression of dominant-negative Xenopus Brg1 (DN-xBrg1) inhibited myocardial proliferation and heart regeneration and increased cardiac fibrosis. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis revealed that the endothelium-specific over-expression of DN-xBrg1 changed the levels of H3K4me3 modifications in the promoter regions of the zebrafish genome and induced abnormal activation of Notch family genes upon injury. Mechanistically, Brg1 interacted with lysine demethylase 7aa (Kdm7aa) to fine-tune the level of H3K4me3 within the promoter regions of Notch family genes and thus regulated Notch gene transcription. Together, this work demonstrates that the Brg1-Kdm7aa-Notch axis in cardiac endothelial cells, including the endocardium, regulates myocardial proliferation and regeneration via modulating the H3K4me3 of the Notch promoters in zebrafish.
Bayesian Inference of Dependent Population Dynamics in Coalescent Models
Authors: Cappello Lorenzo , Kim Jaehee , Palacios Julia 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe coalescent is a powerful statistical framework that allows us to infer past population dynamics leveraging the ancestral relationships reconstructed from sampled molecular sequence data. In many biomedical applications, such as in the study of infectious diseases, cell development, and tumorgenesis, several distinct populations share evolutionary history and therefore become dependent. The inference of such dependence is a highly important, yet a challenging problem. With advances in sequencing technologies, we are well positioned to exploit the wealth of high-resolution biological data for tackling this problem. Here, we present a novel probabilistic model that relies on jointly distributed Markov random fields. We use this model to estimate past population dynamics of dependent populations and to quantify their degree of dependence. An essential feature of our approach is the ability to track the time-varying association between the populations while making minimal assumptions on their functional shapes via Markov random field priors. We provide nonparametric estimators, extensions of our base model that integrate multiple data sources, and fast scalable inference algorithms. We test our method using simulated data under various dependent population histories and demonstrate the utility of our model in shedding light on evolutionary histories of different variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Causal links between inflammatory bowel disease and both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Freuer Dennis , Linseisen Jakob , Meisinger Christa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPsoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), i.e. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic systemic immune-mediated disorders affecting an increasing proportion of adults and children worldwide. Observational studies suggested an association between IBD and PsO and vice versa. However, so far it remains unclear whether a causal relationship exists.MethodsTo investigate the causal paths, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) including up to 463,372 Europeans. Total and direct effects were derived performing an iterative radial and robust inverse-variance weighted method within the univariable and multivariable MR setting, respectively. Causal estimates were verified using a validation IBD-sample, a series of pleiotropy-robust MR-methods, and sensitivity analyses based on PhenoScanner search in conjunction with network analysis.ResultsGenetically predicted IBD was associated with higher risk of PsO (pooled OR=1.10; 95% CI: (1.05; 1.15); P=1⋅10−4) and PsA (pooled OR=1.10; 95% CI: (1.04; 1.18); P=3⋅10−3). In contrast to UC, the CD subentity was related to PsO (OR=1.16; 95% CI: (1.12; 1.20); P=1⋅10−14) and PsA (OR=1.13; 95% CI: (1.06; 1.20); P=1⋅10−4). Regarding the reverse directions, no notable associations could be found.ConclusionsThis study supports a causal effect between IBD and PsO as well as PsA, but not vice versa. It seems that mainly CD and not UC is responsible for the causal impact of IBD on both psoriasis outcomes. These findings have implications for the management of IBD and psoriasis in clinical practice.
An Igh novel enhancer modulates antigen receptor diversity by determining locus conformation
Authors: Bhat Khalid H. , Priyardarshi Saurabh , Naiyer Sarah , Qu X. , Farooq Hammad , Kleiman Eden , Xu J. , Lei X. , Cantillo Jose F. , Wuerffel Robert , Baumgarth Nicole , Liang Jie , Feeney Ann J. , Kenter Amy L. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe Igh locus is organized into a developmentally regulated topologically associated domain (TAD) that is divided into subTADs. Here we identify a series of novel enhancers (NEs) that collaborate to configure the locus, determine transcriptional potential in over a hundred functional VH genes and their usage in V(D)J recombination. NE1 engages in a network of long-range interactions that interconnect the subTADs and the recombination center at the DHJH gene cluster. Deletion of NE1 alters discrete chromatin loops, higher order locus conformation, locus-wide VH gene transcription and regional V gene utilization that is linked to a greatly reduced splenic B1 B cell compartment. NE1 blocks long-range loop extrusion that in turn contributes to locus contraction and determines the proximity of distant VH genes to the recombination center. NE1 is a critical architectural element that coordinates chromatin conformational states that favor VH gene transcription or V(D)J rearrangement.
Sex-specific transgenerational effects of diet on offspring life history and physiology
Authors: Camilleri Tara-Lyn , Piper Matthew D.W. , Robker Rebecca L. , Dowling Damian K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDietary variation in males and females can shape the expression of offspring life histories and physiology. However, the relative contributions of maternal and paternal dietary variation to phenotypic expression of latter generations is currently unknown. We provided male and female Drosophila melanogaster diets differing in sucrose concentration prior to reproduction, and similarly subjected grandoffspring to the same treatments. We then investigated the phenotypic consequences of this dietary variation among grandsons and granddaughters. We demonstrate transgenerational effects of dietary sucrose, mediated through the grandmaternal lineage, which mimic the direct effects of sucrose on lifespan, with opposing patterns across sexes; low sucrose increased female, but decreased male, lifespan. Dietary mismatching of grandoffspring-grandparent diets increased lifespan and reproductive success, and moderated triglyceride levels, of grandoffspring, providing insights into the physiological underpinnings of the complex transgenerational effects on life histories.