bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact and potential mechanism of effects of chronic moderate alcohol consumption on cardiac function in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene heterozygous mice
Authors: Hu Qinfeng , Chen Hang , Shen Cheng , Zhang Beijian , Weng Xinyu , Sun Xiaolei , Liu Jin , Dong Zhen , Hu Kai , Ge Junbo , Sun Aijun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism. The ALDH2*2 mutations are found in approximately 45% of East Asians, with 40% being heterozygous (HE) ALDH2*1/*2 and 5% homozygous (HO) ALDH2*2/*2. Studies have shown that HO mice lack cardioprotective effects induced by moderate alcohol consumption. However, the impact of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiac function in HE mice is unknown.MethodsIn this study, HO, HE, and wild‐type (WT) mice were subjected to a 6‐week moderate alcohol drinking protocol, following which myocardial tissue and cardiomyocytes of the mice were extracted.ResultsWe found that moderate alcohol exposure did not increase mortality, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, or inflammation in HE mice, which differs from the effects observed in HO mice. After exposure to the 6‐week alcohol drinking protocol, there was impaired cardiac function, cardiomyocyte contractility, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial function in both HE and HO mice as compared to WT mice. Moreover, these animals showed overt oxidative stress production and increased levels of the activated forms of calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and ryanodine receptor type 2 (RYR2) phosphorylation protein.ConclusionWe found that moderate alcohol exposure impaired cardiac function in HE mice, possibly by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS)/CaMKII/RYR2‐mediated Ca2+ handling abnormalities. Hence, we advocate that people with ALDH2*1/*2 genotypes rigorously avoid alcohol consumption to prevent potential cardiovascular harm induced by moderate alcohol consumption.
Interactions between impulsivity and MDPV self‐administration in rats
Authors: Abbott Megan S. , Seaman Robert W. , Doyle Michelle R. , Maguire David R. , Rice Kenner C. , Collins Gregory T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSynthetic cathinones, such as 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), are recreational drugs of abuse often identified in ‘bath salts’ preparations. Humans report compulsive patterns of bath salts use, and previous work suggests that a subset of rats develop unusually high levels of MDPV self‐administration. This study aims to test the hypothesis that high levels of impulsivity (e.g., inability to withhold responding for a sucrose reward) will predispose rats to high levels of MDPV self‐administration relative to rats with lower levels of impulsivity. The 1‐choice serial reaction time task (1‐CSRTT) was used to assess impulsivity (i.e., premature responding) in 10 female and 10 male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were then allowed to self‐administer 0.032 mg/kg/inf MDPV or 0.32 mg/kg/inf cocaine, after which full dose–response curves for MDPV (0.001–0.1 mg/kg/inf) or cocaine (0.01–1 mg/kg/inf) were generated under a FR5 schedule of reinforcement. After a history of self‐administering MDPV or cocaine, impulsivity was reassessed under the 1‐CSRTT, prior to evaluating the acute effects of MDPV (0.032–0.32 mg/kg) or cocaine (0.1–1 mg/kg) on impulsivity. Level of impulsivity was not correlated with subsequent levels of either MDPV or cocaine self‐administration, and level of drug self‐administration was also not correlated with subsequent levels of impulsivity, although acute administration of MDPV and cocaine did increase premature responding. In failing to find direct relationships between either impulsivity and subsequent drug‐taking behaviour, or drug‐taking behaviour and subsequent assessments of impulsivity, these findings highlight the complexity inherent in the associations between impulsive behaviour and drug‐taking behaviour in both animal models and humans.
Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil incorporated into nanoparticles as an efficient insecticide against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Caetano Alex Rodrigues Silva , Cardoso Maria das Graças , Haddi Khalid , Campolina Gabriela Aguiar , de Souza Bianca Morais , da Silva Lunguinho Allan , de Souza Luciano , Nelson David Lee , de Oliveira Juliano Elvis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effective control of an insect pest such as Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) has been challenging because its attack on red fruits can cause losses in production of up to 80% worldwide. The objective of this work was to extract and characterise the essential oil from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), produce and characterise nanoparticles incorporated with this essential oil, evaluate the in vivo insecticide activity of free and nanoencapsulated essential oil against D. suzukii, and evaluate the effect of that oil on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The nanoparticles produced with the essential oil from rosemary had a particle size and surface charge of 236.6 nm and −11.8 mV, respectively. According to the FTIR data, the essential oil was incorporated into the polymeric matrix of poly(ε‐caprolactone). Through in vivo toxicity analysis, the free and nanoencapsulated essential oils were found to possess insecticidal activity, with an LD50 close to 9.1 g/L. The maximum anticholinesterase activity for the essential oil was 75% at a concentration of 0.10 mg/mL. The incorporation of the essential oil from R. officinalis into biodegradable nanoparticles of poly(ε‐caprolactone) potentiated and prolonged its in vivo insecticidal activity against D. suzukii.
Reducing post‐caesarean infection in the Kimberley region of Western Australia: An audit‐based observational study
Authors: Sekhon Jasmin Kaur , Moss Charlotte , Watts Jared 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe higher burden of post‐caesarean infection in the remote Kimberley region of Australia is intimately associated with poorer social determinants of health. This results in a confluence of environmental factors such as overcrowding and limited access to clean water and host factors such as diabetes mellitus and obesity which result in heightened susceptibility and vulnerability to infection.AimTo ascertain infection rates following caesarean section in Broome Hospital, before and after the implementation of evidence‐based strategies intended to reduce bacterial load and mitigate the impact of poor underlying social determinants of health.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective observational longitudinal audit study including women who underwent caesarean section in Broome Hospital between the time of 1 January 2019 and 1 May 2019 or 1 January 2021 and 1 May 2021. Files and theatre records were audited to determine demographic, surgical and post‐partum infection in women who underwent caesarean section at Broome Hospital. The main outcome measure was infection within six weeks post‐caesarean section.ResultsThis study found a statistically significant improvement in post‐operative infection rates in women who underwent caesarean section at Broome Hospital (41.7% vs 11.6%, P = 0.002). The two groups were statistically similar in background.ConclusionThe combination of various infection prevention initiatives targeted at reducing infection burden can result in clinical and statistically significant reductions in post‐caesarean infections in high‐risk populations with poor underlying social determinants of health.
Letter: is blindly stopping thiopurines without confirming adequate anti‐TNF concentrations shortsighted?
Authors: Sousa Freitas Queiroz Natália , Papamichael Konstantinos , Cheifetz Adam S. 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Thomsen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16777
Platelet degranulation and bleeding phenotype in a large cohort of Von Willebrand disease patients
Authors: Swinkels Maurice , Atiq Ferdows , Bürgisser Petra E. , van Moort Iris , Meijer Karina , Eikenboom Jeroen , Fijnvandraat Karin , van Galen Karin P. M. , de Meris Joke , Schols Saskia E. M. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Voorberg Jan , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Bierings Ruben , Jansen A. J. Gerard ,   WiN study group
Published: March 2022

SummaryVon Willebrand disease (VWD) is a bleeding disorder caused by quantitative (type 1 or 3) or qualitative (type 2A/2B/2M/2N) defects of circulating von Willebrand factor (VWF). Circulating VWF levels not always fully explain bleeding phenotypes, suggesting a role for alternative factors, like platelets. Here, we investigated platelet factor 4 (PF4) in a large cohort of patients with VWD. PF4 levels were lower in type 2B and current bleeding phenotype was significantly associated with higher PF4 levels, particularly in type 1 VWD. Based on our findings we speculate that platelet degranulation and cargo release may play a role across VWD subtypes.
Gaining ethics approval for health professions education research
Authors: Guckian Jonathan , Thampy Harish 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Within health professions education (HPE), there is a well-established and expanding literature offering empirical evidence to inform pedagogic practice. Research ethics refers to the set of professional standards and principles that should be followed to ensure that work is conducted in a responsible and legitimate manner. Conducting scholarly inquiry within educational practice can be categorized as either research or evaluation, but boundaries between the two approaches may be blurred. Ethical risks in HPE research include coercion, psychological stress and infringement upon data privacy. This review considers ethical considerations at each stage of the research process and makes practical recommendations for the HPE researcher.
A review of Mohs micrographic surgery for skin cancer. Part 3: Squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hunt William T. N. , Earp Eleanor , Brown Alistair C. , Veitch David , Wernham Aaron G. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This review presents and discusses the evidence for MMS to treat cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched; 39 papers were identified for recurrence and 2 papers for cost-effectiveness. We included all clinical trials and observational studies, including retrospective reports, and excluded editorials and systematic reviews or meta-analyses. We categorized the evidence under the following headings: tumour recurrence, specific site outcomes (ear, lip, scalp and periocular), cSCC with perineural invasion, and cost-effectiveness. Although there are many observational studies indicating the potential benefits of MMS in the management of certain cSCCs, no randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified. The evidence from comparitor studies suggests that MMS has a lower recurrence rate than that of other treatments for cSCC, including standard excision. Many studies identified were single-armed, but did demonstrate a low to very low recurrence rate of cSCC following MMS. A single recent study suggests MMS for intermediate cSCC is highly cost-effective compared with wide local excision when all-in costs are considered. Since the overall quality of included studies was mixed and highly heterogeneous, further methodologically robust studies with comparator arms or comprehensive long-term registry data would be valuable. It would be ideal to employ a definitive multicentre RCT but given the evidence to date and multiple advantages to MMS, the lack of clinical equipoise makes this difficult to justify. Comparison with current modalities would likely not be ethical/achievable on a like-for-like basis given MMS provides 100% margin assessment, enables histological clearance prior to reconstruction, and minimizes the removal of uninvolved tissue.
High‐speed chases along the seafloor put Bryde's whales at risk of entanglement
Authors: Segre Paolo S. , di Clemente Jacopo , Kahane‐Rapport Shirel R. , Gough William T. , Meÿer Michael A. , Lombard Amanda T. , Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Penry Gwenith S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent changes in the South African marine ecosystem and the introduction of an experimental octopus fishery have resulted in an unsustainably high rate of fatal Bryde's whale entanglements. Using suction‐cup attached bio‐loggers, we identified a previously undescribed feeding behavior used by Bryde's whales to catch prey, and this behavior may make them susceptible to entanglement and mortality in bottom‐mounted fishing gear. As they chase down their prey, inshore Bryde's whales sprint and maneuver along the seafloor for extended periods of time, making multiple direction changes, and reaching extraordinarily high swimming speeds. These findings assisted in the implementation of mandatory changes to octopus fishing gear that have drastically reduced the number of entanglements. The novel finding that Bryde's whales use high‐speed chases near the seafloor to catch their prey highlights the value of using species‐specific, behavioral information for making conservation recommendations.
Public infrastructure provision and ethnic favouritism: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Walters Leoné , Bittencourt Manoel , Chisadza Carolyn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDoes coethnicity with the President affect public infrastructure provision in South Africa? Using municipal‐level data for 52 district municipalities from 1996 to 2016, we find that municipalities coethnic with the President are associated with higher water infrastructure provision relative to non‐coethnic municipalities. Taking into account various political considerations, results show that ethnic favouritism occurs due to ethnic altruism. Our findings remain robust to different specifications of coethnicity thresholds and are applicable to electricity infrastructure provision. Results suggest that in order to minimise ethnic favouritism, politically independent institutions should oversee the allocation of funding and provision of infrastructure.
Concerning the psychological type of the redeemer: Nietzsche on the methods of philosophy
Authors: Merrick Allison 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn section 24 of The Antichrist, Nietzsche notes a problem namely “the origin of Christianity.” He offers two propositions toward its solution: the first is that “Christianity can only be understood on the soil where it grew:” and the second is that “the psychological type of the Galilean is still recognizable, but it had to assume a completely degenerate form (simultaneously mutilated and full of alien features) before it came to be used as a redeemer of humanity” (A 24). Significantly this passage suggests that the origins of Christianity rest on a reinterpretation of the type of the redeemer. This paper seeks to clarify the nature of such a modification and to identify some of its key ramifications. After clarifying the type, the paper argues that the type, thus understood, serves as a link between the texts On the Genealogy of Morality and The Antichrist and, as such, reveals the connection between Nietzsche's genealogical methods and the wider project of reevaluation. Though this reading is not the standard interpretive strategy, the paper argues that it is the strategy that Nietzsche himself recommends.
Association of self‐rated health with type and frequency of social interaction during the declaration of COVID‐19 state of emergency among Japanese community‐dwelling oldest‐old adults
Authors: Akaida Shoma , Nakai Yuki , Shiratsuchi Daijo , Tomioka Kazutoshi , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Sato Nana , Wada Ayumi , Kiuchi Yuto , Shono Saki , Shiiba Ryuhei , Tateishi Mana , Makizako Hyuma 
Published: March 2022

AimTo investigate whether the type and frequency of social interaction during the state of emergency due to coronavirus disease were associated with self‐rated health (SRH) after the state of emergency.MethodsData from a cross‐sectional study were collected for 889 oldest‐old adults in Bibai City, Hokkaido, Japan. In total, 612 participants (mean age: 83.0 ± 4.3 years; women: 51.8%) were included in the analysis, taking biological sex into account. The self‐reported questionnaire included questions about demographic variables, SRH (July 2020, after the emergency), and the type and frequency of social interaction (March 2020, during the state of emergency).ResultsThere was no significant association between social interaction and SRH in men (P > 0.05). Women who had social interactions (both face‐to‐face and non‐face‐to‐face) more than once a week during the state of emergency reported higher SRH after the emergency than those who did not (odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.07–4.41).ConclusionsHaving both types of interaction more than once a week during the state of emergency was related to higher SRH after the emergency among oldest‐old women. It is suggested that having opportunities for both types of interaction at least once a week would potentially be beneficial for high SRH in women, even in situations where the declaration of a state of emergency restricts face‐to‐face interaction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 405–411.
Restoration, abolition and the loving prison: Jimmy Boyle and Barlinnie Special Unit
Authors: Norrie Alan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article revisits Glasgow's Barlinnie Special Unit (BSU) in light of the reissue of Jimmy Boyle's biography of his time in Scottish prisons, ‘A sense of freedom’. Viewing BSU as expressing restorative values, it analyses the different meanings of the sense of freedom which emerge from Boyle's account. It finds a developing dynamic of different meanings of freedom, from negative resistance through trust and solidaristic action to love and creativity. Together these represent a basis for a moral psychology adequate to understanding human change in a prison context. The article considers BSU as a restorative and reparative practice which challenged the prison system's overall punitive and persecutory form – its ‘structure in dominance’. It reflects on Thomas Mathiesen's (1974/2015) Politics of Abolition about the relationship between therapeutic practice and political development to argue that BSU represented an abolitionism relevant to prison today.
CD26 expression on circulating CD34+/CD38‐ progenitor population is a specific and reliable tool for the rapid flow cytometric diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia—A single‐center validation study
Authors: Rahman Khaliqur , Singh Manish Kumar , Chandra Dinesh , Gupta Ruchi , Sarkar Manoj K. , Gupta Priyanka , Gupta Anshul , Yadav Sanjeev , Kashyap Rajesh , Nityanand Soniya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, CD26 have been identified as one of the promising and specific marker for the identification of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).MethodsThis was a prospective, observational validation study. Peripheral blood (PB) samples from suspected cases of CML and other hematolymphoid neoplasm were evaluated for the expression of CD26 on stem cells (SC) (CD45 dim/CD34+/CD38‐) fraction by flow cytometry (FCM) using a single tube four‐color antibodies cocktail: CD45‐V500 /CD26‐PE/CD34‐PerCPcy5.5/CD38‐APC‐H7. The diagnosis of CML was confirmed using cytogenetics and/or molecular studies. Additionally, 12 paired PB and bone marrow (BM) samples of CML cases were compared for the proportion of CD26+ LSCs.ResultsExpression of CD26 on the SC fraction was invariably noted in all cases (116/116) of CML, irrespective of the disease phase and transcript type. None of other neoplasm (0/26), including the Ph + ALLs expressed CD26. Proportion of SCs expressing CD26 was variable with a median (range) proportion being 61.3% (7.6%–98.6%). Evaluation of paired PB and BM samples showed similar proportion of CD26 + LSCs (R2: 0.969).ConclusionWe confirmed that FCM evaluation of CD26 expression in the PB LSCs is a rapid and specific tool for CML diagnosis. Its utility as a marker for residual disease evaluation can also be explored in the future.
Dual efficacy of Fasudil at improvement of survival and reinnervation of flap through RhoA/ROCK/PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Wang Hai , Fang Fang , Chen Shaofeng , Jing Xing , Zhuang Yuehong , Xie Yun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFasudil is reported to be effective at protecting against ischaemic diseases, and at augmenting axon growth. In this study, we aim to evaluate its efficacy in promoting flap survival and reinnervation. Ninety‐two Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were used and divided into the control, Fasudil, LY294002, Fasudil+LY294002 groups, receiving a daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, Fasudil (10 mg/kg), LY294002 (5 mg/kg), and Fasudil (10 mg/kg) + LY294002 (5 mg/kg), respectively. On days 0 and 5, the blood perfusion and diameter of the iliolumbar artery in the pedicle of the flaps in the four groups were evaluated using laser speckling contrast imaging (LSCI). On day 5, the flaps were photographed and the necrosis rate of the flaps was calculated using Photoshop CS6. In addition, tissues were harvested from the flaps and divided into two parts. One part underwent routine cryosection and immunofluorescent staining using the antibody against CD31 for evaluation of the microvascular density in the four groups. In the other part, the expression of RhoA, ROCK1+2, p‐CPI‐17, p‐MYPT, p‐PTEN, p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) within the flaps were determined using western blotting. Moreover, at days 0, 7, 15, and 30 after flap surgery, the axons within the flaps were evaluated using immunofluorescent staining with the antibody against Neurofilament‐200. It turned out that the necrosis rate was (24.4 ± 7.7)%, (5.2 ± 1.6)%, (29.8 ± 4.2)%, and (30.9 ± 7.1)%, respectively, in the control, Fasudil, LY294002, LY294002+Fasudil groups. There was a significant reduction in the necrosis rate of the flaps in the Fasudil group (P < .001). The LSCI and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that Fasudil could significantly expand the diameter of the iliolumbar artery in the pedicle, boost the overall blood perfusion, and increase the microvascular density of the flaps in the Fasudil group (P < .05), which could all be abolished by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. On day 5, the expression of p‐CPI‐17, p‐MYPT, and p‐PTEN were downregulated, whereas pPI3K, p‐Akt, and VEGF were upregulated in the Fasudil group (P < .001). As for reinnervation, Neurofilament‐200 fluorescent staining revealed that at days 15 and 30 after flap harvest, only in the Fasudil group could new axons be observed. It can be concluded that Fasudil could simultaneously improve the survival and axon growth after flap harvest, a dual efficacy achieved by inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway, which in turn activates /PI3K/AKT pathway.
Comparison of adverse childhood experiences of working and nonworking adolescents
Authors: Ulusoy Fatma , Akcan Arzu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in adolescents are partially presented at the national level, few studies of ACEs in working adolescents by comparing them with those who are not working that provide an opportunity for international comparison have been conducted.ObjectiveThis study was aimed to compare the ACEs of working and nonworking adolescents.MethodsThis study was conducted in Turkey with 213 working adolescents enrolled in the vocational training center and 457 nonworking adolescents enrolled in high schools between the ages of 15 and 18.ResultsAs a result of the study, the prevalence and incidence of psychological and physical ACEs and neglect in nonworking adolescents were found to be higher than the prevalence and incidence in working adolescents.ConclusionsResearch should be conducted to define the awareness of neglect and abuse among working and nonworking adolescents and to explain the reasons why nonworking adolescents experience more ACEs.