bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering multicellular living systems—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Arlotta Paola , Parker Kevin Kit , Hughes Alex J. , Goodwin Katharine , Mummery Christine L. , Kamm Roger D. , Engle Sandra J. , Tagle Danilo A. , Boj Sylvia F. , Stanton Alice E. , Morishita Yoshihiro , Kemp Melissa L. , Norfleet Dennis A. , May Elebeoba E. , Lu Aric , Bashir Rashid , Feinberg Adam W. , Hull Sarah M. , Gonzalez Anjelica L. , Blatchley Michael R. , Montserrat Pulido Núria , Morizane Ryuji , McDevitt Todd C. , Mishra Deepak , Mulero‐Russe Adriana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ability to engineer complex multicellular systems has enormous potential to inform our understanding of biological processes and disease and alter the drug development process. Engineering living systems to emulate natural processes or to incorporate new functions relies on a detailed understanding of the biochemical, mechanical, and other cues between cells and between cells and their environment that result in the coordinated action of multicellular systems. On April 3–6, 2022, experts in the field met at the Keystone symposium “Engineering Multicellular Living Systems” to discuss recent advances in understanding how cells cooperate within a multicellular system, as well as recent efforts to engineer systems like organ‐on‐a‐chip models, biological robots, and organoids. Given the similarities and common themes, this meeting was held in conjunction with the symposium “Organoids as Tools for Fundamental Discovery and Translation”.
Cervical Spine Fracture Prediction by Simple Plain X‐Ray in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients after Low‐Energy Trauma
Authors: Liu Bingchuan , Gao Yitian , Ye Kaifeng , Yang Zhongwei , Hou Guojin , Zhang Zhishan , Ji Hongquan , Zhou Fang , Tian Yun 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTimely diagnosis is essential in the management of cervical spine fracture (CSF) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. However, the value of simple plain X‐ray in the early management of ASCSF has not been well‐studied. This study aimed to explore the prediction ability of simple plain X‐ray for CSF in AS patients who suffer from low‐energy trauma (LET).MethodsFrom January 2010 to December 2020, AS patients who experienced LET were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data including gender, age, body mass index, time interval between AS diagnosis and trauma, smoking or not, and a presence of continuous bony bridge between anterior margin of C1 and C2 body or not were collected. Morphological features including atlanto‐occipital gap, Pavlov ratio of C2–7, Angle A–D, Borden's index, and Harrison's value were measured by the lateral cervical X‐ray. All data was compared between patients who had CSF and those who did not. Binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to discriminate and assess the predictive parameters.ResultsA total of 129 AS patients were divided into Fracture group (41 cases) and Non‐fracture group (88 cases) based on whether CSF existed. Twelve parameters showed significant differences between two groups (p < 0.05). According to the binary logistic regression model, four of the 12 parameters showed a further correlation with the occurrence of CSF, namely, mean Pavlov ratio (p < 0.001, OR = 0.067, 95% CI: 0.023 to 0.194), Angle D (p = 0.031, OR = 1.057, 95% CI: 1.005 to 1.112), Borden's index (p = 0.042, OR = 1.131, 95% CI: 0.994 to 1.287), the time interval between the AS diagnosis and the trauma (p < 0.020, OR = 0.935, 95% CI: 0.883 to 0.990). The ROC curve further revealed the mean Pavlov ratio had the largest AUC (0.793) with the cut‐off of 0.72. While the optimal cut‐off value was 45.65° for Angle D (sensitivity = 61.0%, specificity = 78.4%), 9.79 for Borden's index (sensitivity = 87.8%, specificity = 37.5%), 15.50 years for the time interval between AS diagnosis and trauma (sensitivity = 70.7%, specificity = 56.8%).ConclusionsThe time interval between the AS diagnosis and the trauma, mean Pavlov ratio, Angle D, and Borden's index showed predictive ability for the occurrence of CSF in AS patients who encounter LET. Surgeons should consider measuring these parameters in the management of AS patient.
Outcomes of V‐cut Osteotomy on the First Metatarsal Head Combined with Fixation in Mortise‐shaped Bone Groove‐Plasty and Akin Osteotomy on the First Toe for Hallux Valgus Correction
Authors: Jiao Xin , Gan Yaokai , Li Yiming , Xu Chen , Wang Zengguang , Sun Xin , Shi Dingwei , Zhao Jie , Dai Kerong 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveHallux valgus (HV) is a common foot deformity, and recurrence is one of the most serious complications after HV correction. As a result, the surgical technique with a lower recurrence rate is a dream. The purpose of the article should be to observe the correction effect of hallux valgus using a novel “V‐cut” osteotomy on the first metatarsal head combined with fixation in mortise‐shaped bone groove‐plasty technique.MethodsTwenty‐three consecutive patients (40 feet) with HV were included from March 2019 to May 2020, who were all treated using single screw fixation with V‐cut osteotomy on the first metatarsal head combined with mortise‐shaped metatarsal bone groove‐plasty and Akin osteotomy on the first toe for hallux valgus correction. With a mean follow‐up time of 21.7 months, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot score and the changes of the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were evaluated during the clinical follow‐up. The paired t test was used for analytical statistics.ResultsThe VAS score improved from 6.78 ± 1.74 to 1.87 ± 1.45 and the AOFAS score improved from 53.9 ± 12.3 preoperatively to 94.7 ± 6.8 in the latest follow‐up postoperatively (P < 0.01). Besides, the HVA improved from 30.0 ± 6.1° to 5.7 ± 2.8° (P < 0.01); the IMA changed from 13.1 ± 2.8° into 3.3 ± 1.6° (P < 0.01); and the DMAA ameliorated from 27.0 ± 8.4° to 5.9 ± 3.5° (P < 0.01). Only five toes had slight numbness and stiffness in early postoperative period, and these symptoms disappeared completely at 6 months after the surgery. Only one foot was corrected to excess. One screw stern protruding beneath the skin happened, which needed secondary screw removal under local anesthesia.ConclusionsSingle screw fixation with V‐cut osteotomy on the first metatarsal head combined with fixation in mortise‐shaped metatarsal bone groove‐plasty and Akin osteotomy on the first toe is an effective way with low recurrence rate for HV correction.
Assessing pediatric perioperative affect: A concise review of research and clinically relevant scales
Authors: Yun Romy , Hess Olivia , Kennedy Kristin , Stricker Paul A. , Blake Lindsay , Caruso Thomas J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPerioperative anxiety and distress are common in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia and increase the risk for immediate and long‐term postoperative complications. This concise review outlines key research and clinically‐relevant scales that measure pediatric perioperative affect. Strengths and weaknesses of each scale are highlighted. A literature review identified 11 articles with the following inclusion criteria: patients less than or equal to 18 years, perioperative anxiety or distress, and original studies with reliability or validity data. Although robust research‐based assessment tools to measure anxiety have been developed, such as the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, they are too complex and time‐consuming to complete by clinicians also providing anesthesia. Clinically‐based anxiety measurement scales tend to be easier to use, however they require further testing before widespread standard utilization. The HRAD ± scale (Happy, Relaxed, Anxious, Distressed, with a yes/no answer to cooperation) may be a promising observational anxiety scale that is efficient and includes an assessment of compliance. Further studies are needed to refine a clinically‐relevant anxiety assessment tool and appraise interventions that reduce perioperative distress.
Association of scalp block with intraoperative hemodynamic profiles and postoperative pain outcomes at 24–48 hours following craniotomy: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Fu Pei‐Han , Teng I‐Chia , Liu Wei‐Cheng , Chen I‐Wen , Ho Chun‐Ning , Hsing Chung‐Hsi , Sun Cheuk‐Kwan , Hung Kuo‐Chuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the demonstrated analgesic efficacy of scalp block (SB) during the immediate postoperative period, the impact of SB on pain outcomes at postoperative 24 and 48 h in adults receiving craniotomy remains unclear.MethodsThe databases of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register were searched from inception to January 2022 for available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was the severity of pain at postoperative 24 and 48 h, while the secondary outcomes included morphine consumption, hemodynamic profiles after surgical incision and in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and risk of postoperative nausea/vomiting (PONV).ResultsMeta‐analysis of 12 studies revealed a lower pain score [MD = −0.83, p = 0.03, 375 patients, certainty of evidence (COE): low] and morphine consumption (MD = −9.21 mg, p = 0.03, 246 patients, COE: low) at postoperative 24 h, while there were no differences in these pain outcomes at postoperative 48 h (COE: low). The use of SB significantly decreased intraoperative heart rate (MD = −10.9 beats/min, p < 0.0001, 189 patients, COE: moderate) and mean blood pressure (MD = −13.02 mmHg, p < 0.00001, 189 patients, COE: moderate) after surgical incision, but these hemodynamic profiles were comparable in both groups in the PACU setting. There was also no difference in the risk of PONV between the two groups (RR = 0.78, p = 0.2, 299 patients, COE: high).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis demonstrated that scalp block not only provided hemodynamic stability immediately after surgical incision but was also associated with a lower pain score and morphine consumption at postoperative 24 h. Further studies are needed for elucidation of its findings.
Dynamic evolution of a scalp congenital melanocytic nevus with poliosis and cutis verticis gyrata
Authors: Barry Kelly K. , Blundell Andrew R. , Hawryluk Elena B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCutis verticis gyrata (CVG), characterized by cerebriform overgrowth of the scalp, is rarely observed in congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN). We describe a 13‐year‐old male with autism and a large CMN of the scalp with numerous satellite nevi whose scalp nevus exhibited evolution with poliosis and CVG. Given the potential association of CVG (independent of CMN) with seizures, neuropsychiatric, and ophthalmologic disorders, and nevus‐associated CVG (cerebriform intradermal nevus) with melanoma, multidisciplinary evaluation of CMN patients with CVG is important to guide management and treatment.
A 9‐year‐old girl with blisters on the hands and face: An early presentation of variegate porphyria
Authors: Moshayedi Aref , Mochel Mark C. , Brooks Amy N. , Laver Joseph , Salkey Kimberly S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVariegate porphyria (VP) is a rare subtype of porphyrias characterized by dysfunction of enzymes in the heme biosynthesis pathway leading to an accumulation of porphyrins and their precursors. The resulting buildup can manifest as neuropsychiatric symptoms and photosensitive blistering eruptions on sun‐exposed skin. We report a case of VP in a 9‐year‐old girl with many confounding medical factors that warranted alternative explanations for her cutaneous lesions. VP has been reported infrequently in the pediatric population and is associated with more severe neuropsychiatric outcomes compared to adult‐onset disease.
Analysis of long‐term renal function in patients with malignant solid tumors: Retrospective analysis using the estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Sano Hirozumi , Kobayashi Ryoji , Matsushima Satoru , Hori Daiki , Yanagi Masato , Kodama Koya , Suzuki Daisuke , Kobayashi Kunihiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors are at an increased risk of impaired renal function. The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of and risk factors for long‐term renal dysfunction in patients with solid tumors using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated eGFR in 52 patients with solid tumors (25 females, 27 males) who received chemotherapy and were regularly followed up in our institute. Decreased eGFR was defined as <90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Cases under treatment and of death were excluded.ResultsMedian age at the diagnosis of the primary disease was 2.4 years (range, 0.0–23.9 years) and the median follow‐up period was 98.4 months (range, 14.4–231.6 months). The mean cumulative incidence of decreased eGFR was 24.7 ± 2.2%. Multivariate analysis showed that decreased eGFR correlated with an older age at diagnosis (≥2.3 years) (hazard ratio 7.330, p = 0.018).ConclusionAlthough previous studies have indicated that the risk of long‐term nephrotoxicity is higher in patients treated at a younger age, the present study showed that patients treated at an older age were at an increased risk of decreased eGFR.
Correlated change in sense of purpose and romantic relationship quality
Authors: Pfund Gabrielle N. , Hill Patrick L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSense of purpose, or feeling that one has personally meaningful goals and directions guiding them through life, consistently predicts a variety of desirable well‐being, health, and social outcomes. However, work has been limited with respect to evaluating it as a predictor and promoter of romantic relationships or how purpose may develop in these contexts. For instance, healthy romantic relationships could also help individuals develop and maintain a higher sense of purpose. With cross‐sectional evidence finding positive associations between sense of purpose and romantic relationship commitment and satisfaction, the current study expanded on past work by using longitudinal data with three months between two measurement occasions (Time 1: N = 2243; Time 2: N = 1284) to evaluate whether sense of purpose predicted relationship status over time and how changes in relationship quality and sense of purpose were associated. Results showed that a greater sense of purpose predicted maintaining a romantic relationship but did not predict later romantic relationship quality, although higher romantic relationship quality predicted an increase in sense of purpose. Findings are discussed regarding why people with a higher sense of purpose may be more likely to stay in relationships as well as the role that positive romantic relationships may play in helping maintain a higher sense of purpose.
Identification and expression pattern analysis of PtCarA and PtCarB genes in Populus trichocarpa under different nitrogen treatments
Authors: Hu Z. , Zhang S. , Zhang H. , Cao L. , Chang R. , Liu Z. , Zhang H. , Xu Z. , Liu G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) catalyses the synthesis of ammonia carbamoyl phosphate (CP), which plays a key role in the biosynthesis of arginine and pyrimidine nucleotides. There are two subunits of the CPS enzyme in Populus trichocarpa, CarA (small subunit) and CarB (large subunit). Only when they coexist can CPS catalyse synthesis of CP. However, it is not clear how CPS responds to nitrogen (N) to affect arginine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis.

In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyse the expression patterns of genes encoding CarA and CarB, and qRT‐PCR and RNA‐seq were used to investigate their molecular responses under different N concentrations.

Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the phylogenetic trees of CarA and CarB had similar topologies. qRT‐PCR showed that the PtCarA and PtCarB genes were regulated by N, while their N‐regulated patterns differed in different tissues. The expression patterns of PtCarA and PtCarB show a significant positive correlation according to qRT‐PCR and RNA‐seq. The analysis of promoter cis‐acting elements showed that the promoter regions of PtCarA1, PtCarA2 and PtCarB contained some identical cis‐acting elements. According to analysis of the phylogenetic tree, expression patterns and promoter elements, we speculate that there might be coevolution among PtCarA1, PtCarA2 and PtCarB.

This study provides valuable information for further understanding the function of CPS in poplar, especially for N response, and provides new ideas for studying the evolution of gene families related to heteromultimers.
Co‐amelioration of red soil acidity and fertility with pig manure rather than liming
Authors: Cai Zejiang , Yang Changfu , Carswell Alison M. , Zhang Lu , Wen Shilin , Xu Minggang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLime (calcium oxide), animal manure and crop straw soil treatments have been shown to ameliorate soil acidity, yet their effectiveness at concurrently enhancing soil fertility status and improving crop yields is less well understood. In this study, an acidic nutrient deficient red soil (Ferralic Cambisol) received these treatments at various dosage rates (% of DW soil) in pot experiments with maize plants. Lime was applied at four dosage rates (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%), pig manure at three rates (0.50%, 1.00% and 1.50%), maize straw or milk vetch at two rates (0.50% and 1.00%) and combinations of lime (0.10% or 0.15%) with maize straw (0.50%) and/or pig manure (0.50%). Soils treated with and without chemical fertilizers were also included as controls. Measurements of soil pH, exchangeable acidity, plant available nutrients and maize shoot biomass were recorded. Maize shoot biomass increased by 4.7–7.6 times under pig manure treatments, 1.1–1.6 times under milk vetch, 0.4–1.5 times under lime and 1.1–6.2 times under combination treatments, compared with the control. Soil pH increased by 0.5–0.9 units under lime, by 0.2–0.4 units under pig manure and by 0.7 pH units under the combination treatment relative to the control. Variance partitioning analysis showed that on an individual basis, soil acidity amelioration (pH, exchangeable H+ and Al3+) or nutrient input (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn) explained only 4.3% and 5.6% of improved maize growth, respectively. Whereas, their interaction explained 85.9% of the variation. We also report that the over‐application of pig manure could lead to P saturation and negative impacts on aquatic systems in the wider environment. Therefore, we recommend a combination of lime, pig manure and straw provides an optimal solution for addressing soil acidity and limiting P saturation in acid soils.
Haecceitism and counterpart theory
Authors: De Michael 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTDavid Lewis argues at length against haecceitism and goes as far as claiming that, on a certain counterpart‐theoretic construal, the doctrine is unintelligible or inconsistent. I argue, contra Lewis, that both qualitative and non‐qualitative counterpart theory are in fact committed to haecceitism, but that this commitment is harmless since what is really at stake for a counterpart theorist such as Lewis are more general supervenience claims that are independent of haecceitism. I further argue that Lewis's formulation of the doctrine suffers from two important defects that, once remedied, free counterpart theory of its haecceitistic commitments. Along the way I discuss an objection to the effect that the cheap substitute is inconsistent in the presence of an ‘actually’ operator. This paper therefore brings together important critical discussion on haecceitism and counterpart theory.
Auxin triggers pectin modification during rootlet emergence in white lupin
Authors: Jobert François , Soriano Alexandre , Brottier Laurent , Casset Célia , Divol Fanchon , Safran Josip , Lefebvre Valérie , Pelloux Jérôme , Robert Stéphanie , Péret Benjamin 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYEmergence of secondary roots through parental tissue is a highly controlled developmental process. Although the model plant Arabidopsis has been useful to uncover the predominant role of auxin in this process, its simple root structure is not representative of how emergence takes place in most plants, which display more complex root anatomy. White lupin is a legume crop producing structures called cluster roots, where closely spaced rootlets emerge synchronously. Rootlet primordia push their way through several cortical cell layers while maintaining the parent root integrity, reflecting more generally the lateral root emergence process in most multilayered species. In this study, we showed that lupin rootlet emergence is associated with an upregulation of cell wall pectin modifying and degrading genes under the active control of auxin. Among them, we identified LaPG3, a polygalacturonase gene typically expressed in cells surrounding the rootlet primordium and we showed that its downregulation delays emergence. Immunolabeling of pectin epitopes and their quantification uncovered a gradual pectin demethylesterification in the emergence zone, which was further enhanced by auxin treatment, revealing a direct hormonal control of cell wall properties. We also report rhamnogalacturonan‐I modifications affecting cortical cells that undergo separation as a consequence of primordium outgrowth. In conclusion, we describe a model of how external tissues in front of rootlet primordia display cell wall modifications to allow for the passage of newly formed rootlets.
Endogenous transport costs and international trade
Authors: Hafner Kurt A. , Kleinert Jörn , Spies Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we model a manufacturing and a transport sector and use export volumes to determine the demand for transport services. If trade exceeds a particular level, transport service suppliers maximise profit by investing in an advanced transport technology, which lowers their marginal costs and reduces equilibrium transport prices. Transport costs thus vary according to two characteristics: the distance between two locations and the endogenous firm decision to invest in transportation. A simulation exercise reveals that ignoring the effect of the investment decision on transport costs biases empirical results. We apply this insight in our empirical estimations which rely on repeatedly collected transport price data from the United Parcel Service. We use an instrumental variable estimator to account for the endogeneity of the investment decision. Our estimation results confirm that transport prices are influenced by both the distance and the level of exports between two countries. We find that trading partners with 10% more exports enjoy on average 0.6% lower transport prices.
Aerodynamic Performance of Symmetric and Cambered Airfoils at Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Cruz Abdiel , Rodriguez Arturo , Kotteda V. M. Krushnarao , Paez Brandon , Villanueva Daniel , Chijioke Clinton , Terrazas Jose , Kumar Vinod 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aerodynamics of airfoils has been extensively studied at high Reynolds numbers, where approximations of variables such as drag, and lift can easily be obtained based on computational fluid dynamics or panel methods. Advancement in aeronautical technology, in this case, Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs), the aerodynamics have not been studied extensively through simulations. Physical experiments have been performed, and they have not been emulated in simulation software, one of them being XFOIL. The purpose of this paper is to establish the potential and the gaps within XFOIL. Where can XFOIL provide correct solutions to drag and lift coefficients, and where does it fail? In this problem, we establish a parametric study to vary the Reynolds Number, type of airfoil, Mach Number, and angle of attack. We determine to what extent XFOIL can be used for the NACA-6409, NACA-0021, and NACA-0009 airfoil types at low Reynolds numbers.