bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Self‐Purifying Smart Mask Integrated With Metal–Organic Framework Membranes and Flexible Circuits
Authors: Li Ya , Yang Qing , Liu Song , Liu Xinyu , Wu Ziyue , Wang Jing , Zhou Mingxing , Ren Miaoning , Wan Chunxue , Huo Wenxing , Gao Yu , Huang Xian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMasks are essential personal protective equipment during pandemics. Conventional masks that act as physical barriers due to size‐dependence filtration and electrostatic absorption may quickly lose their protection effectiveness due to surface degradation, generating massive obsoleted masks and ecological contamination. Here, a self‐purifying smart mask that combines active protection to airborne particles and hazardous gases while conducting real‐time monitoring is developed. Electrospun ZIF‐8/polyacrylonitrile membranes are used to replace melt‐blown non‐woven fabrics without additional electret processes. The active ingredients of ZIF‐8 can interact with intercepted pathogens and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), resulting in pathogen death and TVOC decomposition. When the electrospinning time exceeds 1 h, the membranes can block particulate matters with a filtration efficiency of over 99.58% and absorb TVOC with an efficiency of 92.57%. Its high disinfection performance can maintain for at least 72 h with an antibacterial rate of 99.07%. In addition, flexible circuits integrated with masks can quantify filtration effectiveness and monitor environmental parameters. The mask with the capability to renew its surface can enhance the endurance of masks for daily use and reduce the usage of single‐use masks. They can accommodate diverse demands in public health emergencies, occupational disease prevention, and biohazard defense.
Boosting Li‐Ion Storage Capability of Self‐Standing Ni‐Doped LiMn2O4 Nanowall Arrays as Superior Cathodes for High‐Performance Flexible Aqueous Rechargeable Li‐Ions Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Lan Xiong , Feng Yongbao , Wang Xianzhen , Kong Shuo , Xu Ziming , Ma Zhenping , Gong Wenbin , Yao Yagang , Li Qiulong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo meet the increasing desire for a means of powering wearable and portable devices, the development of high‐performance flexible aqueous rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (FARLIBs) would be greatly desirable. The design of binder‐free cathode materials with 3D architectures is the key to develop FARLIBs. Herein, self‐standing 3D Ni‐doped LiMn2O4 (NLMO) nanosheets are successfully prepared assembled by nanowall arrays (NWAs) directly grown on carbon cloth (CC) as the cathode for LIBs, which is performed to slow down the dissolution of Mn and the Jahn–Teller effect of LiMn2O4 during the reaction process. The as‐prepared NLMO NWAs/CC electrode delivers a high capacity of 113.27 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and can also have a capacity retention rate of 81% after 500 cycles at 10 A g−1, both higher than that of pure LiMn2O4. The results of density functional theory simulation demonstrate that the Ni‐doped LiMn2O4 can significantly decrease the bandgap and Li ions diffusion barriers. A quasi‐solid‐state FARLIB is successfully constructed by using NLMO NWAs/CC as the positive electrode and rugby‐shaped NaTi2(PO4)3/CC as the negative electrode, exhibiting remarkable electrochemical performance and flexibility. These results offer a new opportunity for developing high‐performance FARLIB.
Hybrid Topography of Lotus Leaf under Hydrostatic/Hydrodynamic Pressure
Authors: Zhao Feng , Zhan Fei , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe superhydrophobic characteristics and functional durability of the lotus leaf are determined by its surface flexible multistage topography. In this study, it is found that the hybrid arrangement of sub‐millimeter (sub‐mm) and micron papillae arrays on the edge of lotus leaves is more conducive to its resistance to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic water pressure, which provides a guarantee for the survival of lotus leaves. Inspired by this special design, a flexible hybrid structure is prepared by the template method, whose surface contains sub‐mm pillars, micropillars, and nanostructures. It has obvious advantages in resisting the continuous impact of water droplets. This systematic study reveals why the surface of the lotus leaf can withstand the fluid impact, and it provides a theoretical and experimental basis for improving the durability of artificial superhydrophobic function.
RGB‐Color Textile‐Based Flexible and Transparent OLEDs Considering Aesthetics
Authors: Lee Junwoo , Choi Seungyeop , Lee Tae‐Woo , Hwang Yong Ha , Park Yongjin , Jeong So Yeong , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, as state‐of‐the‐art displays, wearable electronic devices and free‐form displays have begun to attract attention to the point that much research on textile‐based displays has been actively conducted as an ultimate platform for wearable displays. However, although many studies have reported organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) as the most suitable type for textile‐based displays due to their high opto‐electronic performance and flexibility, most research on textile‐based OLEDs (textile OLEDs) has left for the future improvements that require the use of transparent OLEDs (trOLEDs) for applications where aesthetics are important, such as fashion displays and automobile interiors. Herein, RGB‐color trOLEDs are designed using a dielectric‐metal‐dielectric transparent electrode to overcome the limitations of previous works on textile‐based non‐transparent OLEDs and to improve the aesthetic elements of textile displays. The opto‐electronic performance and the mechanical characteristics of textile RGB trOLEDs are analyzed, and specifically, this study suggests a new method and a novel equation for an optical analysis to quantify the clarity of printed color images (i.e., information) on a textile substrate when trOLEDs on the textile substrate are not operated, as needed to optimize and maximize the aesthetic elements of textile displays.
A High Responsivity and Photosensitivity Self‐Powered UV Photodetector Constructed by the CuZnS/Ga2O3 Heterojunction
Authors: Lv Zunxian , Yan Shiqi , Mu Wenxiang , Liu Yiyuan , Xin Qian , Liu Yang , Jia Zhitai , Tao Xutang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFabricating a heterojunction photodetector is efficient to take advantage of the built‐in electric field formed by heterojunction and thus improve the performance of photodetector. Herein, a CuZnS/Ga2O3 type‐II heterojunction photodetector is designed and constructed by chemical bath deposition for the first time. The photodetector exhibits super high rectifying characteristics (5.7 × 104 at ± 1 V), high responsivity (48.01 mA W−1 at 0 V), and detectivity (1.83 × 1012 Jones at 0 V), which are higher than most of the reported inorganic devices as far as the authors know. Benefiting from built‐in electric field constructed by the CuZnS/Ga2O3 type‐II heterojunction, the photo‐induced electron and hole pairs are quickly separated by the built‐in electric field between the Ga2O3 and the CuZnS interface. Therefore, the photodetector constructed by CuZnS/Ga2O3 type‐II heterojunction shows a prominent self‐powered performance. At zero bias, the photodetector shows a fast photoresponse (rise time τr = 70 ms, decay time τd = 10 ms). These data of performance are significantly excellent to most of the reported Ga2O3 heterojunction photodetectors. These performances strongly suggest that the CuZnS/Ga2O3 photodetector has great potential in ultra‐high performance self‐powered solar‐blind photodetector.
Octylammonium Octyldithiocarbamate Assisted Modulation of Crystallization and Doping of In Situ‐Generated Lead Sulfide for Efficient and Highly Stable Carbon‐Based CsPbIBr2 Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xiao , Jing Yu , Wang Chunyan , Wang Xin , Li Ruoshui , Xu Yuan , Yan Zhongliang , Zhang Huayan , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPerovskite silicon tandem solar cells are one of the effective ways to further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) in the research and development of solar cells in the future. CsPbIBr2 can be used as the top cell material in tandem solar cells due to its wider bandgap and better long‐term stability. However, the serious defect density and carrier recombination limit its further improvement. In this work, Octylammonium Octyldithiocarbamate (ODTC) is added to the CsPbIBr2 precursor. Through its strong metal ion complexing ability, it combines with the uncoordinated Pb2+ in the CsPbIBr2, and then thermally decomposes to produce PbS during the annealing process. As an additive, ODTC modulates the crystallization of CsPbIBr2, increases the crystal size, reduces defect density, extends carrier lifetime, and improves charge transfer. Moreover, in situ‐generated PbS can also optimize photovoltaic performance of CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cell (PSC). Consequently, the champion PCE of the devices can attain to 10.15% and still maintain an initial efficiency of 90% after 45 days. Therefore, the strategy is an effective way to prepare efficient and stable CsPbIBr2 PSCs.
Progress and Prospects of Nanoscale Emitter Technology for AR/VR Displays
Authors: Park Sun Jae , Keum Changmin , Zhou Huanyu , Lee Tae‐Woo , Choe Wonhee , Cho Himchan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are emerging interactive technologies that realize the “metaverse,” leading to a totally new digital interactive experience in daily life in various aspects. In order to provide users with a more immersive experience, displays for AR/VR have rapidly evolved to achieve high resolutions and a large color gamut on small panels. Recently, nanoscale light emitters such as quantum dots (QDs) and metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with high photoluminescence quantum efficiency and color purity levels have garnered much attention as color conversion materials in AR/VR displays. However, the low material stability and the absence of a high‐resolution patterning process that does not impair the optical properties of nanoscale emitters act as obstacles preventing the realization of high‐resolution AR/VR displays. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art technologies constituting current AR/VR devices are reviewed from an industrial point of view and the recent progress in QD and MHP emitter technologies are discussed, including their basic structural properties, synthesis strategies to enhance the stability, advanced patterning technologies, down‐conversion and light‐emitting diode applications. Based on the review, the authors’ perspective on future research directions of nanoscale emitters for next‐generation AR/VR displays is presented.
Line‐Shaped Laser Lithography for Efficiently Fabricating Flexible Transparent Electrodes with Hierarchical Metal Grids across λ/10 to Microscale
Authors: Qiao Jingyu , Huang Jiaxu , Zhao Liang , Yuan Dandan , Wang Pu , Xu Shaolin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHierarchical metal grids are proven to be a promising solution for achieving high‐performance flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) due to their significantly enhanced conductivity without noticeably sacrificing transparency. This work develops a one‐step mask‐free line‐shaped laser lithography by separated pulse laser ablation to efficiently fabricate large‐area FTEs composed of hierarchical metal grids, namely microscale grids interconnected with aligned nanowire arrays. The linewidth of aligned wires is highly controllable from the nanometer scale far beyond the diffraction limit (<λ/10) to the micrometer scale. This work experimentally studies the overall performance of FTEs to provide a guideline for selecting the layout and feature sizes of hierarchical metal grids. Hierarchical metal grids with 50 nm nanowires aligned inside the microscale grids show outstanding optoelectronic properties and mechanical stability, with sheet resistance of 4.6 Ω sq−1, transmittance of 82.9%, and a tiny increase in sheet resistance less than 4% after 1000 cycles of bending tests. These results prove that the line‐shaped laser lithography technique is a facile, low‐cost, and high‐throughput fabrication method for high‐performance FTEs.
Rapid Preparation of Patterned Conductive Films Based on In Situ Voltaic Cell Templated 3D Controllable Metal Deposition
Authors: Xia Lili , Qian Jin , Song Danting , Gong Haoyu , Zhu Chunxin , Zheng Zaiyang , Sun Huibin , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of patterned metal films is essential for a wide range of applications. Here, a novel solution‐processing method is presented to achieve the area‐selective deposition of copper on aluminum substrates via an in situ Al/CuSO4/Graphite voltaic cell template. And the copper ions preferentially deposit in the graphite‐covered area due to the formed latent image of the potential difference between the graphite‐covered area and the blank area on the aluminum surface. Benefiting from the low adhesive force of graphite, the formed copper layer can be easily peeled off and transferred to a flexible substrate to obtain the patterned conductive metal films. By studying the electrochemical properties of different surfaces and the in situ microscopic observation, four stages of electroplating process are proposed. More importantly, a positive correlation between the deposition speed and graphite coverage density is confirmed. This further enables a regional control of deposition thickness in addition to area‐selective deposition, which means a 3D controllable metal deposition. Other forms of electroactive carbon are also demonstrated to replace graphite in this method, which offers a versatile and accessible technique to fabricate large‐area flexible patterned metal films with defined feature size and controlled resolution from microscale to macroscale.
Visible Light Active Silver Decorated Iron Titanate/Titanium Dioxide Nanohybrid for Sterilization of Explants Grown by In Vitro Technique
Authors: Seneviratne Kasun L. , Munaweera Imalka , Peiris Sriyani E. , Kodithuwakku Piyumi , Peiris Colin N. , Kottegoda Nilwala 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVisible light (VL) active silver decorated iron titanate/titanium dioxide (Ag‐FeTiO3/TiO2) nanohybrids derived from natural ilmenite sand effectively cleanse the exophytic plant pathogens in explants grown by in vitro techniques. VL active nanohybrid is synthesized by acid‐hydrolysis of natural ilmenite, followed by precipitation of the lixivium and decoration with Ag onto FeTiO3/TiO2 nanoparticles, and finally calcination under a nitrogen environment to obtain Ag‐FeTiO3/TiO2. A morphological study conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the formation of Ag‐FeTiO3/TiO2. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis shows that the nanohybrid primarily consists of anatase, iron titanate (FeTiO3), Ag2O, and Ag. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study suggests the presence of Ag0/Ag2O/Fe2O3 composites on the FeTiO3/TiO2 particle surface. The optical band gap significantly changes from 3.14 eV (ilmenite) to 2.80 eV after the decoration of FeTiO3/TiO2 with Ag. This nanohybrid is utilized as a surface‐sterilizing agent for in vitro establishment of the Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast plant. Findings illustrate Ag‐FeTiO3/TiO2 nanohybrid‐based photo‐sterilization leads to the survival of 90% of the microbes’ free cultures while the material can be re‐used due to its photocatalytic behavior. Thus, the newly synthesized nanohybrid can replace harmful sterilization agents used in tissue culture techniques.
Flexible PolyCMUTs: Fabrication and Characterization of a Flexible Polymer‐Based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Array for Conformal Ultrasonography
Authors: Omidvar Amirhossein , Cretu Edmond , Rohling Robert , Cresswell Mark , Hodgson Antony J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConventional ultrasound transducers are short and rigid, which limits their applications, especially in the area of musculoskeletal imaging where many of the structures to be imaged lie within long curved anatomical structures, such as limbs. In such cases, conformal ultrasound imaging can be advantageous. This paper presents a process for fabricating 1D and 2D flexible polymer‐based capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (flexible CMUTs). As a proof of concept, all elements of a 32‐element linear flexible array are shown to be functional (100% yield) and uniform in fundamental resonant frequency (SD = 1.8%). One‐way and two‐way acoustic responses during immersion tests in flat, convex, and concave array configurations (radii of curvature = 3 cm) show an average fractional bandwidth of 83% and 75%, respectively, across these bending conditions. The flexible array shows no signal drop after over 100 bending cycles and only 6% variation in pulse amplitude after over 14 h of continuous operation. Finally, the resulting transducers are shown to operate at up to 15 MHz. The findings demonstrate robust operation of flexible CMUT arrays and justify further development targeted at key imaging applications, particularly in the area of diagnosing musculoskeletal conditions.
In Quest of Low‐Leakage Dynamic Random Access Memory Enabled by Doped TiO2 Dielectrics
Authors: Ye Fan , Xue Kan‐Hao , Yu Heng , Yang Shengxin , Yuan Jun‐Hui , Gu Rongchuan , Xu Ming , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh permittivity rutile TiO2 has been regarded as a promising candidate for the capacitor dielectric in ultra‐scaled dynamic random access memory (DRAM), but its low band gap and low interfacial Schottky barrier cause the bothering leakage current problem. It is in principle possible to tune the electrode Fermi level to the mid‐gap of TiO2 for leakage current reduction. In this work, the generalized gradient approximation (GGA)‐1/2 method is shown as a viable first‐principles approach to predict the Schottky barriers of TiO2 based capacitors. Through RuO2/TiO2/RuO2 and IrO2/TiO2/IrO2 full capacitor calculations, the impact of trivalent cation dopants (Al, Ga, La, and Y) on the Schottky barrier tuning is systematically studied. Among the four dopants, it is discovered that Y doping is most effective in hindering the formation of oxygen vacancies by analyzing formation energy and crystal orbital Hamilton population. Y‐doped rutile TiO2 is a promising material for next‐generation high capacitance and low leakage DRAM capacitors.
Band‐to‐Band Tunneling Control by External Forces: A Key Principle and Applications
Authors: Woo Gunhoo , Kim Taesung , Yoo Hocheon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBand‐to‐band tunneling (BTBT) devices with superior subthreshold swing directly related to on/off switching speed and power consumption efficiency have emerged as a breakthrough of the limitation in conventional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs). However, it is difficult to reach a higher level of electrical characteristics with only a combination of materials based on their intrinsic characteristics. External forces, such as electric fields, light, and temperature, can modulate the electron and hole concentration and control the tunneling probability and the electrical characteristics of heterostructure electronics. Recent articles employing external forces to improve the BTBT performance and demonstrate the mechanism of BTBT devices are summarized with five representative external forces. Moreover, the utility of the external force‐induced performance improvement of the BTBT device is also discussed by providing various applications.
Short supply chain, technical efficiency, and technological change: Insights from cucumber production
Authors: Zhang Xiaoheng , Ma Wanglin , Vatsa Puneet , Jiang Shijie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examines the impact of participation in short supply chains (SSCs) on technical efficiency (TE) and technological change (TC) in cucumber production in China, using data for the period 2011–2016. The meta‐frontier model and the two‐stage residual inclusion approach are utilized to examine the association between SSC participation, comparable TE, and TC. Accounting for selection bias, we show that SSC participation significantly decreased the comparable TE of cucumber production but accelerated TC. The disaggregated analysis reveals that the comparable TE for SSC participants was generally smaller than that for nonparticipants. Furthermore, comparable TE for nonparticipants consistently increased year‐over‐year, whereas, for SSC participants, it increased during some years and decreased during others. Last but not least, TC for both SSC participants and nonparticipants increased over time. [EconLit Citations: Q12, D24].
Obesogenic environment around schools is associated with atherogenic risk in Brazilian children
Authors: de Albuquerque Fernanda Martins , Pessoa Milene Cristine , Filgueiras Mariana De Santis , do Carmo Ariene Silva , Vegi Aline Siqueira Fogal , Ribeiro Andréia Queiroz , de Novaes Juliana Farias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionCardiometabolic risk factors often emerge in childhood, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The school environments represent an important active space in a child's routine and may influence their health status.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors and its association with the obesogenic and leptogenic environment around schools. A total of 378 children (181 boys; 197 girls) aged 8 and 9 years, enrolled in all urban schools of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated. Concentrations of high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐c) and triglycerides (TG), and the insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), waist circumference (WC), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured. The neighborhood income, walkability index, predominantly ultra‐processed food stores, public spaces for leisure and/or physical activities, traffic accidents, crime and green spaces densities were assessed in 400 road network buffers around schools. To test association of the obesogenic and leptogenic environment around schools with cardiometabolic risk clustering, binary logistic regression models were performed with generalized estimating equations.Results“Obesogenic school environments” had greater densities of ultra‐processed food stores, crime and traffic accidents, and higher walkability. The “↓ Atherogenic risk” cluster consisted of higher HDL‐c values. There was an inverse association between the obesogenic environment around schools and a child's “↓ atherogenic risk” clustering (OR = 0.63; p < 0.001).ConclusionWe concluded that public policies aimed at modifying the environment around schools, by providing healthier food options and safe conditions for active mobility, are essential to prevent child's atherogenic risk.