bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal morbidities and postnatal growth failure in very low birth weight, very preterm infants
Authors: Ofek Shlomai Noa , Reichman Brian , Zaslavsky‐Paltiel Inna , Lerner‐Geva Liat , Eventov‐Friedman Smadar ,   in collaboration with the Israel Neonatal Network*
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo assess postnatal growth in infants with and without major neonatal morbidities.MethodsThis study is based on analysis of data collected by the Israel Neonatal Network on VLBW infants (≤1500 g) born in Israel from 2009 to 2018. Postnatal growth was assessed in two 5 years epochs: 2009–2013 (n = 4583) and 2014–2018 (n = 4558). Outcome was considered as severe, mild and no postnatal growth failure (PNGF). Morbidities included respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotising enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus and grades 3–4 intraventricular haemorrhage. Multinomial logistic regression analyses with the generalised estimating equation approach were applied.ResultsThe study population composed 9141 infants. Of them, 2089 had at least one major morbidity and 7052 infants had none. In infants with no morbidities, 2.1% had severe PNGF, 23.7% mild PNGF and 74.2% had no PNGF, as compared to 13.6%, 43.9% and 42.5%, respectively, in infants with any major neonatal morbidity (p < 0.0001).ConclusionDespite enormous advances in neonatal care, postnatal growth remains a challenge in VLBW infants, particularly in infants with major neonatal morbidities. Along with efforts to decrease morbidity, a more personalised plan and follow‐up may be required in infants with major morbidities, given their high risk for diminished growth and potentially, adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Extracellular PKCδ signals to epidermal growth factor receptor for tumor proliferation in liver cancer cells
Authors: Yamada Kohji , Kizawa Ryusuke , Yoshida Ayano , Koizumi Rei , Motohashi Saya , Shimoyama Yuya , Hannya Yoshito , Yoshida Saishu , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Shimoda Masayuki , Yoshida Kiyotsugu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProtein kinase C delta (PKCδ) is a multifunctional PKC family member and has been implicated in many types of cancers, including liver cancer. Recently, we have reported that PKCδ is secreted from liver cancer cells, and involved in cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, it remains unclear whether the extracellular PKCδ directly regulates cell surface growth factor receptors. Here, we identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a novel interacting protein of the cell surface PKCδ in liver cancer cells. Imaging studies showed that secreted PKCδ interacted with EGFR‐expressing cells in both autocrine and paracrine manners. Biochemical analysis revealed that PKCδ bound to the extracellular domain of EGFR. We further found that a part of the amino acid sequence on the C‐terminal region of PKCδ was similar to the putative EGFR binding site of EGF. In this regard, the point mutant of PKCδ in the binding site lacked the ability to bind to the extracellular domain of EGFR. Upon an extracellular PKCδ‐EGFR association, ERK1/2 activation, downstream of EGFR signaling, was apparently induced in liver cancer cells. This study indicates that extracellular PKCδ behaves as a growth factor and provides a molecular basis for extracellular PKCδ‐targeting therapy for liver cancer.
High proportion of inflammatory CD62Llow eosinophils in blood and nasal polyps of severe asthma patients
Authors: Matucci Andrea , Nencini Francesca , Maggiore Giandomenico , Chiccoli Fabio , Accinno Matteo , Vivarelli Emanuele , Bruno Chiara , Locatello Luca Giovanni , Palomba Annarita , Nucci Elena , Mecheri Valentina , Perlato Margherita , Rossi Oliviero , Parronchi Paola , Maggi Enrico , Gallo Oreste , Vultaggio Alessandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn mice models, eosinophils have been divided into different subpopulations with distinct phenotypes and functions, based on CD62L and CD101 patterns of membrane expression. Limited data are available in humans.ObjectiveTo investigate eosinophils subpopulations in peripheral blood (PB) and nasal polyp tissue (NP) from severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) patients plus concomitant chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).MethodsWe recruited 23 SEA patients (14 with CRSwNP); as controls, we enrolled 15 non‐severe asthma patients, 15 allergic rhinitis patients without asthma and 15 healthy donors. Eosinophils were isolated from PB and NP and analysed by FACS. Eotaxin‐3 and eotaxin‐1 mRNA expression in NP tissue was also evaluated.ResultsA significantly higher percentage of circulating CD62Llow cells was observed in SEA, as compared with controls, expressing higher levels of CCR3, CD69 and lower levels of CD125 (IL‐5R), CRTH2, CD86 and CD28 in comparison with CD62Lbright cells. In NP, eosinophils showed a high proportion of CD62Llow phenotype, significantly greater than that observed in PB. Surface expression of IL‐3R, IL‐5R, CD69 and CD86 was significantly higher in CD62Llow eosinophils from NP than in those from blood. Moreover, eotaxin‐3 mRNA expression positively correlated with the percentage of CD62Llow cells in NP.ConclusionTwo different eosinophil subphenotypes can be identified in blood and NP of SEA patients, with a preferential accumulation of CD62Llow inflammatory cells in NP.
Prevalence of wound complications following Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS): a cross-sectional study of 1000 patients undergoing MMS and wound repair in a UK teaching hospital
Authors: Rutkowski David , Littlewood Zoe , Touyz Sarah Judith Jean , Collier Nicholas James , Madan Vishal , Ghura Harvinder Singh , Yiu Zenas Zee Ngai , Telfer Nicholas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for nonmelanoma skin cancer is often quoted as having an excellent safety profile.AimTo determine the complication rate of patients undergoing MMS in a large UK Mohs unit and subdivide complication rates into mild/intermediate and major, and to identify potential risk factors necessitating a clinical intervention.MethodsThis was a single-centre, cross-sectional study of 1000 consecutive cases of MMS performed with in-house repair. Notes from the postsurgical dressing clinics were reviewed at Visit 1 (Days 7–14) and Visit 2 (approximately Week 6). Based upon the intervention required and effect on cosmetic/functional outcome, complications were classified as minor, intermediate or major. Logistic regression modelling was used to identify risk factors associated with a complication that needed a clinical intervention (i.e. intermediate or major).ResultsIn total, 1000 Mohs surgeries were performed on 803 patients, resulting in 1067 excisions. Complication rates in our cohort were low (minor 3.6%, intermediate 3.1% and major 0.8%) Potential risk factors for developing a complication included skin graft (unadjusted OR = 4.89, 95% CI 1.93–12.39; fully adjusted OR = 7.13, 95% CI 2.26–22.45) and patients undergoing surgery on the forehead (unadjusted OR = 3.32, 95% CI 0.95–11.58; fully adjusted OR = 5.34, 95% CI 1.40–20.42). Patients whose wounds were allowed to heal by secondary intention healing (6.8%) exhibited no complications.ConclusionWe advocate that patients should be informed during the consent procedure that less than 1 in every 100 patients (0.75%) undergoing MMS will have a serious adverse event (major complication) affecting their cosmetic or functional outcome.
Turnbull–Cutait abdominoperineal pull‐through operation: The Cleveland Clinic experience in the 21st century
Authors: Lavryk Olga A. , Bandi Bethany , Shawki Sherief F. , Floruta Crina , Xue Jia , Valente Michael A. , Steele Scott R. , Hull Tracy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe Turnbull–Cutait pull‐through procedure (TCO) restores intestinal continuity in the setting of chronic pelvic sepsis, colorectal anastomotic leak, complex pelvic fistulas and technical challenges related to complicated rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the TCO for salvaging complex pelvic conditions and to compare it to hand‐sewn immediate coloanal anastomosis (CAA).MethodsThis is a retrospective single‐institution study where we searched a prospectively maintained database to identify patients who underwent the TCO. Patient demographics, operative indications and outcomes were analysed. TCO success was defined as maintenance of intestinal continuity and being stoma‐free. Kaplan–Meier analysis was employed for stoma‐free survival analysis.ResultsA total of 81 patients with TCO and 129 patients with CAA were included. The TCO success rate was 69% at a median of 1.4 years’ follow‐up with 25 (31%) patients ending up with a permanent stoma compared to 22 (17%) in the CAA group with a median follow‐up of 4 years (P = 0.03). The Kaplan–Meier cumulative incidence of TCO success at 1, 3 and 5 years was 79%, 60% and 51%, respectively, compared to 91%, 81% and 73% after CAA.ConclusionThe TCO has a high success rate for patients with complex pelvic conditions who may be facing a permanent stoma as their only option.
In vivo real‐time temperature measurement on the surface of intact and gold‐restored teeth during consumption of hot and cold drinks
Authors: Park Soojin , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Lee Min‐Kyung , Ihm Jung‐Joon , Ahn Jin‐Soo , Park Jeong‐Kil , Seo Deog‐Gyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to measure real‐time temperature changes in gold‐restored teeth compared with intact teeth during the intake of hot and cold drinks. Sixteen molars, including eight natural intact teeth and eight restored teeth with gold inlays, were selected from the participants. Custom‐made thermocouple sensors were attached to the coronal third of the buccal surface of teeth. Participants consecutively consumed hot and cold drinks according to a standardized regimen. Resting, maximum, and minimum temperatures; time to reach peak temperatures; and heating and cooling velocities were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using independent two‐sample t‐test. Teeth with gold restorations showed a significantly higher maximum temperature (44.7 °C [SD 2.9]) than did natural teeth (40.5 °C [SD 1.2]) during hot water drinking and showed a lower minimum temperature (25.0 °C [SD 4.9]) than did natural teeth (31.5 °C [SD 3.1]) during cold water drinking. The heating and cooling rates for the teeth with gold restorations were two and three times higher than those of the natural teeth. Gold‐restored teeth showed greater temperature change than intact teeth in terms of magnitude and velocity in response to temperature changes induced by hot and cold drinks.
International consensus on diagnosis and management of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Wirrell Elaine C. , Hood Veronica , Knupp Kelly G. , Meskis Mary Anne , Nabbout Rima , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Wilmshurst Jo , Sullivan Joseph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to gain consensus from experienced physicians and caregivers regarding optimal diagnosis and management of Dravet syndrome (DS), in the context of recently approved, DS‐specific therapies and emerging disease‐modifying treatments.MethodsA core working group was convened consisting of six physicians with recognized expertise in DS and two representatives of the Dravet Syndrome Foundation. This core group summarized the current literature (focused on clinical presentation, comorbidities, maintenance and rescue therapies, and evolving disease‐modifying therapies) and nominated the 31‐member expert panel (ensuring international representation), which participated in two rounds of a Delphi process to gain consensus on diagnosis and management of DS.ResultsThere was strong consensus that infants 2–15 months old, presenting with either a first prolonged hemiclonic seizure or first convulsive status epilepticus with fever or following vaccination, in the absence of another cause, should undergo genetic testing for DS. Panelists agreed on evolution of specific comorbidities with time, but less agreement was achieved on optimal management. There was also agreement on appropriate first‐ to third‐line maintenance therapies, which included the newly approved agents. Whereas there was agreement for recommendation of disease‐modifying therapies, if they are proven safe and efficacious for seizures and/or reduction of comorbidities, there was less consensus for when these should be started, with caregivers being more conservative than physicians.SignificanceThis International DS Consensus, informed by both experienced global caregiver and physician voices, provides a strong overview of the impact of DS, therapeutic goals and optimal management strategies incorporating the recent therapeutic advances in DS, and evolving disease‐modifying therapies.
Effective hybrid deep learning model forCOVID‐19 patterns identification usingCTimages
Authors: Ibrahim Dheyaa Ahmed , Zebari Dilovan Asaad , Mohammed Hussam J. , Mohammed Mazin Abed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has attracted significant attention of researchers from various disciplines since the end of 2019. Although the global epidemic situation is stabilizing due to vaccination, new COVID‐19 cases are constantly being discovered around the world. As a result, lung computed tomography (CT) examination, an aggregated identification technique, has been used to ameliorate diagnosis. It helps reveal missed diagnoses due to the ambiguity of nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, this study investigated how quickly and accurately hybrid deep learning (DL) methods can identify infected individuals with COVID‐19 on the basis of their lung CT images. In addition, this study proposed a developed system to create a reliable COVID‐19 prediction network using various layers starting with the segmentation of the lung CT scan image and ending with disease prediction. The initial step of the system starts with a proposed technique for lung segmentation that relies on a no‐threshold histogram‐based image segmentation method. Afterward, the GrabCut method was used as a post‐segmentation method to enhance segmentation outcomes and avoid over‐and under‐segmentation problems. Then, three pre‐trained models of standard DL methods, including Visual Geometry Group Network, convolutional deep belief network, and high‐resolution network, were utilized to extract the most affective features from the segmented images that can help to identify COVID‐19. These three described pre‐trained models were combined as a new mechanism to increase the system's overall prediction capabilities. A publicly available dataset, namely, COVID‐19 CT, was used to test the performance of the proposed model, which obtained a 95% accuracy rate. On the basis of comparison, the proposed model outperformed several state‐of‐the‐art studies. Because of its effectiveness in accurately screening COVID‐19 CT images, the developed model will potentially be valuable as an additional diagnostic tool for leading clinical professionals.
Adsorption of anionic polyelectrolyte on an SiC surface and effects on dispersion stability
Authors: Zhang Wenxiao , Zhang Yue , Niu Yifan , Liu Jiaxiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) were used to improve the dispersion of fine silicon carbide (SiC) powders. Effects of modification parameters on the viscosity of modified SiC slurry were studied by orthogonal experiments. Modified SiC slurry with the solid loading of 50 vol% reached the lowest viscosity of 34 MPa s. The adsorption processes of PSS on the as‐received and Al(NO3)3 premodified SiC surface were investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption between PSS and premodified SiC surfaces was a high affinity type and was mainly controlled by active sites on an SiC surface. The Langmuir model and the pseudo‐second‐order model could better fit the adsorption isotherm and kinetics data, respectively. The contact angle decreased from 32.8 to 15.2° and the wettability was improved by modification. The isoelectric point of modified SiC powder shifted to the acidic region and the maximum zeta potential was obtained at pH 11. Sedimentation results also showed that a stable dispersed suspension of modified SiC was achieved at pH 11. Density–pressure curves demonstrated that the flowability and formability of SiC powder were improved by modification. The dispersion effect of PSS on SiC and Al2O3 composite powder was verified by viscosity and sedimentation results.
Synthesis, characterization, and DFT Raman study of pure and Mn‐doped LiTaO3 nanofibers
Authors: Sosa‐Márquez Jesús Enrique , Zamarrón‐Montes Lorena , Olive‐Méndez Sion Federico , Espinosa‐Magaña Francisco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPure and Mn‐doped lithium tantalate nanofibers, with Mn concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, and 5%, were synthesized by the electrospinning method. The morphology, microstructure, and crystal structure of as‐spun and annealed composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy has shown to be a powerful tool to detect either local variations or changes of the whole structure. Position and width of one Raman line can be used as markers of a structural change. Some vibrational modes are especially associated with the site of Li or Ta ions and so, they can be affected by the introduction of dopant ions. Any damages or local changes in the microstructure can be detected by a line broadening. With the use of Raman spectroscopy, the sites where Mn ions enter the doped structures were established by recording the shift and broadening of peaks in Mn‐doped structures with respect to pure lithium tantalate. Thus it was proven that Mn ions enter the Li sites for low Mn concentration and, on the other hand, for higher concentrations, the dopant substitutes Li and Ta sites. First‐principles calculations were performed within the density functional theory, including lattice‐dynamic calculations of the phonon modes at the zone center (Γ point), for the pure structure, to find the irreducible representation of the modes.
Microbial communities in crude oil phase and filter-graded aqueous phase from a Daqing oilfield after polymer flooding
Authors: Wei Yan-Feng , Wang Lu , Xia Zi-Yuan , Gou Min , Sun Zhao-Yong , Lv Wei-Feng , Tang Yue-Qin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim was to characterize indigenous micro-organisms in oil reservoirs after polymer flooding (RAPF).

Methods
The microbial communities in the crude oil phase (Oil) and in the filter-graded aqueous phases Aqu0.22 (&gt;0.22 μm) and Aqu0.1 (0.1–0.22 μm) were investigated by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing.

Results
Indigenous micro-organisms related to hydrocarbon degradation prevailed in the three phases of each well. However, obvious differences in bacterial compositions were observed amongst the three phases of the same well and amongst the same phase of different wells. The crude oil and Aqu0.22 shared many dominant bacteria. Aqu0.1 contained a unique bacterial community in each well. Most bacteria in Aqu0.1 were affiliated to culturable genera, suggesting that they may adapt to the oil reservoir environment by reduction of cell size. Contrary to the bacterial genera, archaeal genera were similar in the three phases but varied in relative abundances. The observed microbial differences may be driven by specific environmental factors in each oil well.

Conclusions
The results suggest an application potential of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) technology in RAPF. The crude oil and Aqu0.1 contain many different functional micro-organisms related to hydrocarbon degradation. Both should not be overlooked when investing and exploring the indigenous micro-organisms for MEOR.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This work facilitates the understanding of microbial community structures in RAPF and provides information for microbial control in oil fields.
Maternal nicotine exposure induces congenital heart defects in the offspring of mice
Authors: Greco Elizabeth R. , Engineer Anish , Saiyin Tana , Lu Xiangru , Zhang MengQi , Jones Douglas L. , Feng Qingping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaternal cigarette smoking is a risk factor for congenital heart defects (CHDs). Nicotine replacement therapies are often offered to pregnant women following failed attempts of smoking cessation. However, the impact of nicotine on embryonic heart development is not well understood. In the present study, the effects of maternal nicotine exposure (MNE) during pregnancy on foetal heart morphogenesis were studied. Adult female mice were treated with nicotine using subcutaneous osmotic pumps at 0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg/day and subsequently bred with male mice. Our results show that MNE dose‐dependently increased CHDs in foetal mice. CHDs included atrial and ventricular septal defects, double outlet right ventricle, unguarded tricuspid orifice, hypoplastic left ventricle, thickened aortic and pulmonary valves, and ventricular hypertrophy. MNE also significantly reduced coronary artery size and vessel abundance in foetal hearts. Moreover, MNE resulted in higher levels of oxidative stress and altered the expression of key cardiogenic regulators in the developing heart. Nicotine exposure reduced epicardial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in foetal hearts. In conclusion, MNE induces CHDs and coronary artery malformation in mice. These findings provide insight into the adverse outcomes of foetuses by MNE during pregnancy.
Skin lesions in neurofibromatosis type 2: diagnostic and prognostic significance of cutaneous (plexiform) schwannomas
Authors: Plana‐Pla A. , García B. , Munera‐Campos M. , Catasus N. , Serra Arenas E. , Blanco I. , Castellanos Perez E. , Bielsa I. ,   NF2 Multidisciplinary Clinics HUGTiP‐ICO‐IGTP
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic disease characterized by the appearance of multiple tumours in the nervous system. Cutaneous lesions are common and may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information, but they have not been widely studied.ObjectivesTo characterize cutaneous lesions in a Spanish cohort of patients with NF2 and investigate associations with clinical and genetic severity.MethodsWe studied the clinical and histologic characteristics of cutaneous lesions in 49 patients with NF2 and analysed correlations with phenotype‐ and genotype‐based severity scores. We collected information on the presence/absence of cutaneous lesions, location, age at onset, type of lesion, and histologic features. We also studied level of systemic involvement and genetic mutations involved.ResultsForty‐nine patients (31 women [63.3%] and 18 men [36.7%]) were analysed, and 33 (67.3%) had cutaneous lesions presumed to be schwannomas. According to their clinical form, they were distributed as follows: 24 patients (48%) had deep tumours, 21 (42%) had plaque‐like lesions, and 3 (6%) had superficial tumours. Histologic examination from 27 lesions analysed out 23 patients showed classic schwannoma or hybrid schwannoma‐neurofibroma features in the 8 deep tumours biopsied and plexiform schwannoma features in the 17 plaque‐like lesions and the 2 superficial tumours analysed. Early onset (first 2 decades of life) was reported by all patients with plaques and superficial tumours. In our cohort, 100% of the patients with plaque‐like lesions and superficial tumours with microscopic features of plexiform schwannoma were in the 2 groups with the most severe clinical phenotypes, and 82.6% of them were in the 3 most severe genotype‐based classes.Conclusions and RelevanceCutaneous lesions, specially plexiform schwannomas, are common in NF2, and they usually appear at an early age providing useful diagnostic and prognostic information. These tumours are part of the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in this disease. Although its diagnostic and prognostic value has been pointed out, there are few studies focussed on their analysis.