bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical compounds and stress markers in lettuce upon exposure to pathogenic Botrytis cinerea and fungicides inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Iwaniuk Piotr , Lozowicka Bozena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Botrytis cinerea and fungicides interacted and influenced selected biochemical compounds. DPPH and glutathione are the first line of defence against biotic/abiotic stress. Plant metabolites are correlated with fungicides level during dissipation.

Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is an etiological agent of gray mould in leafy vegetables and is combated by fungicides. Fluazinam and azoxystrobin are commonly used fungicides, which inhibit oxidative phosphorylation in fungi. In this study, lettuce was (i) inoculated with B. cinerea; (ii) sprayed with azoxystrobin or fluazinam; (iii) inoculated with B. cinerea and sprayed with fungicides. This investigation confirmed that B. cinerea and fungicides affected lettuce’s biochemistry and stress status. B. cinerea influenced the behaviour of fungicides reflected by shortened dissipation of azoxystrobin compared to non-inoculated plants, while prolonged degradation of fluazinam. Stress caused by B. cinerea combined with fungicides reduced level of chlorophylls (53.46%) and carotenoids (75.42%), whereas increased phenolic compounds (81%), ascorbate concentrations (32.4%), and catalase activity (116.1%). Abiotic stress caused by fungicides contributed most to the induction of carotenoids (107.68 µg g−1 on dissipation day 3−1). Diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and glutathione concentration peaked from the first hour of fungicides dissipation. For the first time correlation between the status of plant metabolites and fungicides during their dissipation was observed. These results indicate that non-enzymatic antioxidants could be the first-line compounds against stress factors, whereas ascorbate and antioxidant enzymes tend to mitigate stress only secondarily. The findings of this study help better understand plant biochemistry under biotic/abiotic stress conditions.
Dopamine supports idea originality: the role of spontaneous eye blink rate on divergent thinking
Authors: Agnoli Sergio , Mastria Serena , Zanon Marco , Corazza Giovanni Emanuele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe neurotransmitter dopamine plays a crucial role in human creative behaviour. Specifically, striatal dopamine seems to be associated with specific dimensions of divergent thinking performance, especially with categorical diversity (flexibility) of ideas. In experimental contexts, spontaneous Eye Blink Rate (sEBR) has been used as a proxy for striatal dopamine, and an inverted U-shape relationship between sEBR and flexibility has been demonstrated, such that a medium sEBR level predicts highest flexibility levels. The present study aimed at carrying out further investigations about the relationship between sEBR and idea generation through divergent thinking, specifically focusing on the relationship between idea originality and dopamine level, since originality is a key element for creativity. We asked 80 participants, whose sEBR at rest was measured, to perform an Alternative Uses Task (AUT) to measure their divergent thinking performance. Results revealed that the relationship between sEBR and originality, as measured through subjective ratings of external raters, followed an inverted U-shape function with medium sEBR being associated with highest originality scores. Moreover, and most importantly, we demonstrated that sEBR predicted originality through the mediation of flexibility. Our results provide further insights on the possible role of dopamine on divergent thinking performance, demonstrating that an adequate dopamine level may facilitate the generation of original ideas through the exploration of diverse conceptual categories (higher flexibility).
Does sleep-disordered breathing add to impairments in academic performance and brain structure usually observed in children with overweight/obesity?
Authors: Torres-Lopez Lucia V. , Cadenas-Sanchez Cristina , Migueles Jairo H. , Esteban-Cornejo Irene , Molina-Garcia Pablo , H. Hillman Charles , Catena Andres , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApproximately 4–11% of children suffer from sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and children with obesity are at increased risk. Both obesity and SDB have been separately associated with poorer brain health, yet whether SDB severity affects brain health in children with obesity remains unanswered. This study aimed to examine associations of SDB severity with academic performance and brain structure (i.e., total brain and gray and white matter volumes and gray matter volume in the hippocampus) in children with overweight/obesity. One hundred nine children aged 8–12 years with overweight/obesity were included. SDB severity and its subscales (i.e., snoring, daytime sleepiness, and inattention/hyperactivity) were evaluated via the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), and academic performance was evaluated with the Woodcock-Muñoz standardized test and school grades. Brain structure was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. SDB severity was not associated with academic performance measured by the standardized test (all |β|> 0.160, P > 0.076), yet it was associated with the school grade point average (β = -0.226, P = 0.007) and natural and social science grades (β = -0.269, P = 0.024). Intention/hyperactivity seemed to drive these associations. No associations were found between SDB severity and the remaining school grades (all β < -0.188, P > 0.065) or brain volumes (all P > 0.05).Conclusion: Our study shows that SDB severity was associated with lower school grades, yet it was not associated with the standardized measurement of academic performance or with brain volumes in children with overweight/obesity. SDB severity may add to academic problems in children beyond the effects contributed by overweight/obesity status alone.

What is Known:• Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) may affect brain structure and academic performance in children.• Children with overweight/obesity are at higher risk for the development of SDB, yet the comorbid obesity-SDB relationship with brain health has not been investigated thus far.

What is New:• To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the associations of comorbid obesity-SDB severity with brain volumes and academic performance in children.• SDB symptoms may adversely affect academic performance at school in children with overweight/obesity, beyond the effects of weight status alone.
A finite time combinatorial algorithm for instantaneous dynamic equilibrium flows
Authors: Graf Lukas , Harks Tobias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInstantaneous dynamic equilibrium (IDE) is a standard game-theoretic concept in dynamic traffic assignment in which individual flow particles myopically select en route currently shortest paths towards their destination. We analyze IDE within the Vickrey bottleneck model, where current travel times along a path consist of the physical travel times plus the sum of waiting times in all the queues along a path. Although IDE have been studied for decades, several fundamental questions regarding equilibrium computation and complexity are not well understood. In particular, all existence results and computational methods are based on fixed-point theorems and numerical discretization schemes and no exact finite time algorithm for equilibrium computation is known to date. As our main result we show that a natural extension algorithm needs only finitely many phases to converge leading to the first finite time combinatorial algorithm computing an IDE. We complement this result by several hardness results showing that computing IDE with natural properties is NP-hard.
Response of endangered bird species to land-use changes in an agricultural landscape in Germany
Authors: Jungandreas Anne , Roilo Stephanie , Strauch Michael , Václavík Tomáš , Volk Martin , Cord Anna F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLand-use intensification in agroecosystems has led to population declines in many taxonomic groups, especially farmland birds. Two contrasting conservation strategies have therefore been proposed: land sharing (the integration of biodiversity conservation in low-intensity agriculture) and land sparing (the spatial separation of high-yielding agriculture and areas for conservation). Despite the large academic interest in this field, only few studies have taken into account stakeholders’ perspectives of these strategies when assessing conservation implications. We modeled the effects of three land-use scenarios (a business-as-usual, a land-sharing, and a land-sparing scenario), developed together with regional stakeholders, on the habitat area of 13 regionally endangered bird species in the Middle Mulde River Basin (Saxony, Germany). We used random forest models based on environmental variables relating to land-use/cover, climate and soil characteristics, occurrence of linear landscape elements (hedges and tree rows), and distance to water and major roads. Responses to the three land-use scenarios were species-specific, but extensively managed permanent grassland and the density of forest edges were positively associated with the occurrence of most bird species. Overall, the land-sharing scenario provided the largest breeding habitat area: 76% of the species had a significant (p < 0.05) increase in breeding habitat, and none showed a significant decrease. Our findings confirm that balancing the different, often contrasting habitat requirements of multiple species is a key challenge in conservation and landscape management. Land sharing, which local stakeholders identified as the most desirable scenario, is a promising strategy for the conservation of endangered birds in agricultural landscapes like our study region.
Software-Automated Implant Detection for Intraoperative 3D Imaging—First Clinical Evaluation on 214 Data Sets
Authors: Beisemann Nils , Mandelka Eric , El Barbari Jan S. , Kreher Björn , Vetter Sven Y. , Grützner Paul Alfred , Franke Jochen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated a frequent occurrence of screw/K-wire malpositioning during surgical fracture treatment under 2D fluoroscopy and a correspondingly high revision rate as a result of using intraoperative 3D imaging. In order to facilitate and accelerate the diagnosis of implant malpositioning in 3D data sets, this study investigates two versions of an implant detection software for mobile 3D C-arms in terms of their detection performance based on comparison with manual evaluation. The 3D data sets of patients who had received surgical fracture treatment at five anatomical regions were extracted from the research database. First, manual evaluation of the data sets was performed, and the number of implanted implants was assessed. For 25 data sets, the time required by four investigators to adjust each implant was monitored. Subsequently, the evaluation was performed using both software versions based on the following detection parameters: true-positive-rate, false-negative-rate, false-detection-rate and positive predictive value. Furthermore, the causes of false positive and false negative detected implants depending on the anatomical region were investigated. Two hundred fourteen data sets with overall 1767 implants were included. The detection parameters were significantly improved (p<.001) from version 1 to version 2 of the implant detection software. Automatic evaluation required an average of 4.1±0.4 s while manual evaluation was completed in 136.15±72.9 s (p<.001), with a statistically significant difference between experienced and inexperienced users (p=.005). In summary, version 2 of the implant detection software achieved significantly better results. The time saved by using the software could contribute to optimizing the intraoperative workflow.
Enhanced desorption of fluoxetine from polyethylene terephthalate microplastics in gastric fluid and sea water
Authors: Wagstaff Antony , Petrie Bruce 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere are concerns that microplastics act as a vector of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Most studies have focussed on pharmaceutical adsorption and have not investigated desorption in the various matrices that microplastics enter. Therefore we studied the desorption of the antidepressant drug fluoxetine from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics in river water, sea water, and simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. We found that most desorption occurred rapidly, within a few hours of exposure. Fluoxetine desorption fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm with r2 values ranging from 0.97 to 0.99. Desorption decreased in the following order: gastric fluid at 20 °C and 37 °C; sea water at 20 °C; intestinal fluid at 20 °C and 37 °C; then river water at 20 °C. The little difference in desorption in gastrointestinal fluids at 20 °C and 37 °C suggests a similar exposure risk to cold- and warm-blooded organisms following PET microplastic ingestion. Total desorption following sequential incubation 2 h in gastric fluid then 4 h in intestinal fluid to mimic gastrointestinal digestion was 37% at 20 °C and 41% at 37 °C. Interestingly, higher desorption of 18–23% occurred in sea water compared to river water, of 4–11%. Under a worst-case scenario, more than 44 mg kg−1 body weight d−1 or more than 52 mg kg−1 body weight d−1 of PET microplastics from river water or sea water, respectively, need to be consumed to exceed the mammalian acceptable daily intake for fluoxetine. Further studies are needed on microplastic ingestion and the bioavailability of adsorbed pharmaceuticals to a range of exposed aquatic organisms.
Attitudes towards urban howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in Paraguay
Authors: Alesci Marco , Smith Rebecca L. , Ayala Santacruz Jorge Damian , Camperio Ciani Andrea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncreasing urbanisation is encroaching into natural habitats and sometimes forcing wildlife into urban centres. Whether or not wildlife can thrive in an urban environment is dependent on many factors, one of which is how the species is perceived by local people. This study focuses on the city of Pilar in south-west Paraguay, which is home to a population of urban-dwelling black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya). Using semi-structured interviews, we assessed peoples’ attitudes towards the presence of howlers, whether they perceived the monkeys to cause problems in the city, what they believed were the biggest threats to the monkeys, and whether they felt that the presence of monkeys in the city was compatible with their way of life in the long term. Overall, we found that the majority of interviewees had positive attitudes towards the monkeys, believing that they brought benefits to the city and that they should be protected from potential risks in the urban environment. Our results provide the basis for collaborative, community-based development of management strategies for the long-term survival of these urban monkeys.
Analysis of droplet displacement during transport of polydisperse emulsion as drug carriers in microchannels
Authors: Błaszczyk Mariola , Sęk Jerzy , Przybysz Łukasz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrug transport in human body is often intensified by various carriers. The simplest and highly effective are emulsions. In these liquids, one phase is dispersed in other in the form of droplets, in which active substance is often dissolved. In existing application of such liquids as carriers, monodispersity of such systems has been a very important parameter, because when all droplets have same size, it is relatively easy to predict drug release time. However, monodisperse emulsion production on an industrial scale is expensive and technologically quite difficult. Therefore, it would be more reasonable to use polydisperse emulsions. However, mechanism of drug release from such carriers is more complicated and difficult to conduct. When emulsion droplets of different sizes pass through microchannels, i.e., blood vessels, individual droplets’ transport velocity is different and interdependent. The ability to predict rate at which individual droplets travel through microchannels will enable control of drug release depending on emulsion parameters. This work presents a detailed analysis of polydisperse emulsion transport through a single microchannel. Dependence of individual droplets velocity on their diameter and position relative to flow axis and influence of these parameters on droplet transport trajectories were studied. These studies were conducted for five liquid flow rates and three emulsion concentrations. As a result of this work, some generalization approach was proposed to estimate droplet transport velocity depending on their position in channel based on reference to single-phase flow. This work may find application in pharmaceutical industry for design of cheaper drug manufacturing technologies.
Graphical abstract
Exposure to the troubles in Northern Ireland, memory functioning, and social activity engagement: results from NICOLA
Authors: McHugh Power Joanna E , Feeney Joanne , Fowler Elizabeth , McMichael Alan J. , Hyland Philip , Lawlor Brian A. , Cruise Sharon , Potter Claire , Young Ian , McGuinness Bernadette , Kee Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigated the potential impact of a cohort traumatic exposure, the Troubles in Northern Ireland, on memory functioning in later life, and the potential moderating effect of social activity engagement. Using data from 6571 participants aged 60 + in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA) cohort, we used a structural equation modelling framework to explore associations between traumatic exposure during the Troubles and memory functioning. As expected, social activity engagement was positively associated with memory functioning, β = .102. Traumatic exposure was also positively associated with memory functioning, β = .053. This association was stronger at low levels of social activity engagement; among those with higher levels, there was little association, interaction β = − 0.054. The positive association between traumatic exposure during the Troubles and memory functioning was not moderated by the age at which the exposures occurred (based on analysis of a subsample with available data), interaction β = − 0.015. We conclude that superior memory functioning was associated with higher levels of traumatic exposure during the Troubles, particularly among those with lower levels of social activity engagement, and regardless of the age at which the exposures occurred. Future longitudinal analyses are required to build on these results, which potentially have implications for life-course epidemiology, in relation to critical periods for traumatising experiences.
Environmental-agreement design and political ideology in democracies
Authors: Böhmelt Tobias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDoes the political ideology of negotiating parties influence the design of international environmental agreements? This article distinguishes between leftist and rightist executives in democracies to develop a twofold argument. First, left-leaning democratic governments tend to be generally more environmental-friendly, which implies that they should favor designs that are more conducive to effective institutions. Second, leftist democratic executives are commonly less concerned about sovereignty costs. Both mechanisms suggest that environmental treaties likely comprise “legalized,” i.e., hard-law elements when left-wing democracies negotiate their design. The empirical implication of the theory is tested with quantitative data on international environmental agreements since 1975. The findings report an association between leftist ideology in democracies and agreement legalization, although this is driven by aspects of sovereignty delegation. This article contributes to the literatures on environmental institutions, international cooperation more generally, as well as party politics.
The Emirates Mars Mission
Authors: Amiri H. E. S. , Brain D. , Sharaf O. , Withnell P. , McGrath M. , Alloghani M. , Al Awadhi M. , Al Dhafri S. , Al Hamadi O. , Al Matroushi H. , Al Shamsi Z. , Al Shehhi O. , Chaffin M. , Deighan J. , Edwards C. , Ferrington N. , Harter B. , Holsclaw G. , Kelly M. , Kubitschek D. , Landin B. , Lillis R. , Packard M. , Parker J. , Pilinski E. , Pramman B. , Reed H. , Ryan S. , Sanders C. , Smith M. , Tomso C. , Wrigley R. , Al Mazmi H. , Al Mheiri N. , Al Shamsi M. , Al Tunaiji E. , Badri K. , Christensen P. , England S. , Fillingim M. , Forget F. , Jain S. , Jakosky B. M. , Jones A. , Lootah F. , Luhmann J. G. , Osterloo M. , Wolff M. , Yousuf M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) was launched to Mars in the summer of 2020, and is the first interplanetary spacecraft mission undertaken by the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The mission has multiple programmatic and scientific objectives, including the return of scientifically useful information about Mars. Three science instruments on the mission’s Hope Probe will make global remote sensing measurements of the Martian atmosphere from a large low-inclination orbit that will advance our understanding of atmospheric variability on daily and seasonal timescales, as well as vertical atmospheric transport and escape. The mission was conceived and developed rapidly starting in 2014, and had aggressive schedule and cost constraints that drove the design and implementation of a new spacecraft bus. A team of Emirati and American engineers worked across two continents to complete a fully functional and tested spacecraft and bring it to the launchpad in the middle of a global pandemic. EMM is being operated from the UAE and the United States (U.S.), and will make its data freely available.
Ambidexterity in entrepreneurial universities and performance measurement systems. A literature review
Authors: García-Hurtado Dayanis , Devece Carlos , Zegarra-Saldaña Pablo E. , Crisanto-Pantoja Mario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this research is to analyze the exploration and exploitation of knowledge in universities that support innovation and entrepreneurship in their environment. For this, the Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) of the universities management are analyzed as a proxy for the implementation of the strategic vision of the universities. This study is based on a systematic literature review on the subject, supported by the technical possibilities offered by the MAXQDA (The Art of Data Analysis) program. The databases used were the following: Elsevier (Science Direct), Springer, Wiley and Taylor & Francis. The main findings suggest that organizational ambidexterity, in general, develops unevenly and from different approaches, among which innovation, learning and strategy stand out. However, organizational ambidexterity hardly develops in a university context, where most of the university activities require some knowledge of the technological frontier. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and understand these two dimensions (exploration and exploitation) and their positive influence on entrepreneurship. In a context where the development of technology and science happens at an ever-increasing speed, a balance between exploration and exploitation is necessary, which should be reflected in the different control mechanisms in academic environments, such as the Performance Measurement Systems (PMS). The analysis of these systems will allow to know the position of the universities in the face of ambidexterity.