bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐sectoral flexibility measures to facilitate wind and solar power integration
Authors: Kiviluoma Juha , O'Dwyer Ciara , Ikäheimo Jussi , Lahon Rinalini , Li Ran , Kirchem Dana , Helistö Niina , Rinne Erkka , Flynn Damian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs power systems evolve towards integrating higher shares of renewables, the demand for additional levels of flexibility is increased. Meanwhile, o‐ther energy consuming sectors, such as transport and heating, could provide flexibility when they move from fossil fuels to electricity. In this paper, the impact of a range of flexibility measures is assessed for the island system of Ireland, with a high share of renewable energy, particularly wind and solar. Flexibility measures studied include hybrid heating in domestic and industrial processes, smart charging of electric vehicles, renewable hydrogen, power to ammonia, peak shaving demand response and batteries. The novelty of this paper lies in directly quantifying the interactions and dependencies between different flexibility measures, with the objective of increasing the operational flexibility of an increasingly renewable energy‐dominated power system. Four different scenarios are modeled to explore this interplay between the different flexibility measures. The costs and benefits of several sector‐coupling measures. The scenarios have also been compared in terms of their influence on system inertia, renewable energy curtailment and non‐synchronous penetration levels. The results indicate the potential importance of electricity‐based heating in the industrial sector, smart charging of electric vehicles, batteries and power‐to‐ammonia, as part of achieving future targets
Utility of Dual-Energy CT in Abdominal Interventions
Authors: Tripathy Tara Prasad , Patel Ranjan , Chandel Karamvir , Mukund Amar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is an emerging CT technique based on data acquisition at two different settings. Various postprocessing techniques generate different sets of images, each with unique advantages. With DECT, it is possible to obtain virtual unenhanced images from monochromatic reconstructions and attenuation maps of different elements, thereby improving the detection and characterization of a variety of lesions. Presently, DECT is widely used to evaluate pulmonary embolism, characterize abdominal masses, determine the composition of urinary calculi, and detect tophi in gout. CT angiography is an essential prerequisite for endovascular intervention. DECT allows a better quality of angiographic images with a lesser dose of contrast. Various postprocessing techniques in DECT also help in a better evaluation of response to locoregional therapy. Virtual noncontrast images and iodine map differentiate residual or recurrent tumors from intrinsically hyperdense materials. Superior metallic artifact reduction allows better evaluation of vascular injuries adjacent to bony fractured fragments or previously deployed embolization coils. In addition to metal artifacts reduction, virtual monochromatic spectral imaging could further mitigate metal artifacts during CT-guided biopsy, providing an improved depiction of lesions and safe and versatile access for long puncture pathways. This article reviews and illustrates the different applications of DECT in various abdominal interventions. Familiarity with the capabilities of DECT may help interventional radiologists to improve their practice and ameliorate patient care.
Augmenting a colour lexicon
Authors: Mylonas Dimitris , Caparos Serge , Davidoff Jules 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLanguages differ markedly in the number of colour terms in their lexicons. The Himba, for example, a remote culture in Namibia, were reported in 2005 to have only a 5-colour term language. We re-examined their colour naming using a novel computer-based method drawing colours from across the gamut rather than only from the saturated shell of colour space that is the norm in cross-cultural colour research. Measuring confidence in communication, the Himba now have seven terms, or more properly categories, that are independent of other colour terms. Thus, we report the first augmentation of major terms, namely green and brown, to a colour lexicon in any language. A critical examination of supervised and unsupervised machine-learning approaches across the two datasets collected at different periods shows that perceptual mechanisms can, at most, only to some extent explain colour category formation and that cultural factors, such as linguistic similarity are the critical driving force for augmenting colour terms and effective colour communication.
Anomalous heating in a colloidal system
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Chétrite Raphaël , Bechhoefer John 
Published: January 2022

Significance
A cold system normally takes longer to warm up than a cool system. Yet recent theoretical studies have suggested that the reverse may sometimes be possible. Here, using a colloidal particle in a heat bath, we present experimental evidence for this inverse Mpemba effect. By carefully choosing the energy landscape, we can make the cold system heat up exponentially faster than the heating rate of cool systems. While similar behavior has been seen in systems that cool down—the Mpemba effect—we find that entropic effects generally make anomalous heating harder to observe than anomalous cooling.
Thermochronologic constraints on the origin of the Great Unconformity
Authors: McDannell Kalin T. , Keller C. Brenhin , Guenthner William R. , Zeitler Peter K. , Shuster David L. 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceThe Great Unconformity involves a common gap of hundreds of millions to billions of years in the geologic record. The cause of this missing time has long eluded explanation, but recently two opposing hypotheses claim either a glacial or a plate tectonic origin in the Neoproterozoic. We provide thermochronologic evidence of rock cooling and multiple kilometers of exhumation in the Cryogenian Period in support of a glacial origin for erosion contributing to the composite basement nonconformity found across the North American interior. The broad synchronicity of this cooling signal at the continental scale can only be readily explained by glacial denudation.
The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP is a closure-accelerating cochaperone of Grp94
Authors: Huang Bin , Sun Ming , Hoxie Reyal , Kotler Judy L. M. , Friedman Larry J. , Gelles Jeff , Street Timothy O. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site at which secreted proteins (such as the hormone insulin) and membrane-bound proteins are folded. ATP-dependent chaperones within the ER help proteins fold. This study describes how two key ER chaperones, BiP and Grp94, work together at a molecular level. BiP binds to Grp94, which enables Grp94 to change conformation and hydrolyze ATP. In short, BiP provides a signal to switch on Grp94 conformational changes that are required to help other proteins fold. This finding helps explain how two chaperones can work together collaboratively in protein folding. Because BiP and Grp94 are members of highly conserved chaperone families, these findings may provide insight into chaperone-assisted protein folding beyond the ER.
Un-supervised learning for blind image deconvolution via Monte-Carlo sampling
Authors: Li Ji , Nan Yuesong , Ji Hui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Deep learning has been a powerful tool for solving many inverse imaging problems. The majority of existing deep-learning-based solutions are supervised on an external dataset with many blurred/latent image pairs. Recently, there has been an increasing interest on developing dataset-free deep learning methods for image recovery without any prerequisite on external training dataset, including blind deconvolution. This paper aims at developing an un-supervised learning method for blind image deconvolution, which does not call any training sample yet provides very competitive performance. Based on the re-parametrization of latent image using a deep network with random weights, this paper proposed to approximate the maximum-a posteriori estimator of the blur kernel using the Monte-Carlo (MC) sampling method. The MC sampling is efficiently implemented by using dropout and random noise layer, which does not require conjugate model as traditional variational inference does. Extensive experiments on popular benchmark datasets for blind image deconvolution showed that the proposed method not only outperformed existing non-learning methods, but also noticeably outperformed existing deep learning methods, including both supervised and un-supervised ones.
Compressed superhydrides: the road to room temperature superconductivity
Authors: Du Mingyang , Zhao Wendi , Cui Tian , Duan Defang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Room-temperature superconductivity has been a long-held dream and an area of intensive research. The discovery of H3S and LaH10 under high pressure, with superconducting critical temperatures (T
c) above 200 K, sparked a race to find room temperature superconductors in compressed superhydrides. In recent groundbreaking work, room-temperature superconductivity of 288 K was achieved in carbonaceous sulfur hydride at 267 GPa. Here, we describe the important attempts of hydrides in the process of achieving room temperature superconductivity in decades, summarize the main characteristics of high-temperature hydrogen-based superconductors, such as hydrogen structural motifs, bonding features, electronic structure as well as electron–phonon coupling etc. This work aims to provide an up-to-date summary of several type hydrogen-based superconductors based on the hydrogen structural motifs, including covalent superhydrides, clathrate superhydrides, layered superhydrides, and hydrides containing isolated H atom, H2 and H3 molecular units.
Boron and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanospheres for supercapacitor electrode with excellent specific capacitance
Authors: Yang Yaqi , Shao Ziqiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
At present, carbon materials derived from biomass precursors have many limitations in the field of energy storage. In this study, boron and nitrogen (B/N) co-doped carbon nanospheres are successfully prepared by emulsion crosslinking method using chitosan and boric acid as raw materials. After carbonization at high temperature, the carbon nanospheres can be facilely prepared with controllable particle size, showing excellent structural stability and sphericity. In addition, the heteroatoms co-doping endows the carbon nanospheres with large specific surface area, high graphitization degree and excellent electrochemical performance. Applying the carbon nanospheres for supercapacitors, the specific capacitance can reach up to 336.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. Even after 10,000 cycles, the Coulomb efficiency and specific capacitance still remain at 98.61% and 96.8%, respectively, demonstrating the great promise of B/N co-doped carbon nanospheres for the state-of-the-art supercapacitor electrodes applications.
An effective formaldehyde gas sensor based on oxygen-rich three-dimensional graphene
Authors: Zhang Shu , Pang Jinbo , Li Yufen , Ibarlucea Bergoi , Liu Yu , Wang Ting , Liu Xiaoyan , Peng Songang , Gemming Thomas , Cheng Qilin , Liu Hong , Yang Jiali , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Zhou Weijia , Rümmeli Mark H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) graphene with a high specific surface area and excellent electrical conductivity holds extraordinary potential for molecular gas sensing. Gas molecules adsorbed onto graphene serve as electron donors, leading to an increase in conductivity. However, several challenges remain for 3D graphene-based gas sensors, such as slow response and long recovery time. Therefore, research interest remains in the promotion of the sensitivity of molecular gas detection. In this study, we fabricate oxygen plasma-treated 3D graphene for the high-performance gas sensing of formaldehyde. We synthesize large-area, high-quality, 3D graphene over Ni foam by chemical vapor deposition and obtain freestanding 3D graphene foam after Ni etching. We compare three types of strategies—non-treatment, oxygen plasma, and etching in HNO3 solution—for the posttreatment of 3D graphene. Eventually, the strategy for oxygen plasma-treated 3D graphene exceeds expectations, which may highlight the general gas sensing based on chemiresistors.
Optimized laser ion acceleration at the relativistic critical density surface
Authors: Göthel Ilja , Bernert Constantin , Bussmann Michael , Garten Marco , Miethlinger Thomas , Rehwald Martin , Zeil Karl , Ziegler Tim , Cowan Thomas E , Schramm Ulrich , Kluge Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An effort to achieve high-energetic ion beams from the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with a plasma, volumetric acceleration mechanisms beyond target normal sheath acceleration have gained attention. A relativistically intense laser can turn a near critical density plasma slowly transparent, facilitating a synchronized acceleration of ions at the moving relativistic critical density front. While simulations promise extremely high ion energies in this regime, the challenge resides in the realization of a synchronized movement of the ultra-relativistic laser pulse (

a
0

≳

30) driven reflective relativistic electron front and the fastest ions, which imposes a narrow parameter range on the laser and plasma parameters. We present an analytic model for the relevant processes, confirmed by a broad parameter simulation study in 1D- and 3D-geometry. By tailoring the pulse length and plasma density profiles at the front side, we can optimize the proton acceleration performance and extend the regions in parameter space of efficient ion acceleration at the relativistic density surface.
Lamination method for improved polarization-leakage current relation in HfO2-based metal/ferroelectric/insulator/semiconductor structure
Authors: Kim Yeonwoo , Min Kyung Kyu , Yu Junsu , Kwon Daewoong , Park Byung-Gook 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ever since the ferroelectricity of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible HfO2-based materials was discovered, numerous studies have been conducted on their ferroelectric (FE) properties and device applications. In particular, pure-HfO2 FE materials without external doping have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent robustness against variation because variations that appear in conventional doped-HfO2 FEs are not observed in electrical characteristics induced by dopant fluctuations in pure-HfO2 FEs. Studies on metal/FE/insulator/semiconductor (MFIS) stack are required to apply the ferroelectricity of pure-HfO2 to memory devices that are completely compatible with Si-based CMOS processes. In pure-HfO2 based MFIS stacks, the polarization tends to reduce with increasing thickness of the HfO2, although the leakage current diminishes. To overcome the tradeoff between the polarization and leakage current with respect to the thickness of the HfO2, an Al2O3 layer was inserted between the HfO2 layers to form a laminated FE structure. By employing the laminated FE, leakage current was effectively suppressed by the Al2O3 and lower HfO2 layers, and polarization was enhanced by the FE sum of the upper and lower HfO2 layers. Therefore, an MFIS structure with maximized polarization and minimized leakage current was successfully demonstrated using laminated FE. In addition, the feasibility of the proposed MFIS with laminated FE for nonvolatile memory device applications was confirmed by verifying the multistate operations of a FE tunnel junction.
A continuous broadband electromagnetic energy harvester based on amplitude and phase adjustments
Authors: Xu Lei , Xiang Zhihai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Broadening the bandwidth of vibration energy harvesters is a critical issue for their practical implementations. Although utilizing multi-degree-of-freedoms is a frequently used solution to widen the operating frequency range, the resultant effective bandwidth could consist of discrete peaks (existing local minimum points lower than the half-power level) if the modal amplitudes have large differences at different frequencies. To solve these problems, we designed a new electromagnetic multi-modal energy harvester, which works in a broad and continuous low-frequency bandwidth. This is achieved by attaching the magnet and the coil to a compliant frame integrated with two different kinked beams, respectively. In this way, the voltage can be generated in a continuous and wide frequency range by adjusting the amplitudes and phases of the magnet and the coil in different modes according to a proposed design requirement. Finite element results and experimental results are in good agreement with each other, which validate the performance of the proposed harvester. The experimental results demonstrate that the half-power bandwidth can be achieved in the range of 15.0 Hz and the maximum peak power is 1.56 mW at the center frequency of 40.5 Hz under base excitation of the root-mean-square acceleration of 0.24 g. The broadband and high power density feature are also validated in a random excitation test, so that this harvester has great potential for practical applications.
A flexible pressure sensor based on PEDOT coated polyester nonwoven fabric for low-pressure range
Authors: Zhang Jia-wen , Zhang Yan , Li Yuan-yuan , Ye Xu , Wang Ping , Xu Yu-kang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Three most common methods for preparing PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) are studied, including vapor phase polymerization (VPP), in-situ dipping (ISD) and solution deposition (SD) techniques. The PEDOT coated nonwoven fabric (PEDOT@NWF) composites were successfully fabricated via these three processes and have been proven to be conductive and equipped with piezoresistive properties. For each preparation method, factors that may affect product properties, such as concentrations of reagents, reaction temperature, reaction time, etc were explored to summarize the optimal parameters. The PEDOT@NWF composites prepared via different fabrication techniques were analyzed and compared through a series of tests and characterizations. The sensing performance of as-prepared pressure sensors are also been studied. The experimental results demonstrate that PEDOT@NWF prepared by VPP method (PEDOT@NWF-VPP) has the fastest response time (80 ms) and recovery time (40 ms), the composite prepared by ISD method (PEDOT@NWF-ISD) has the highest sensitivity for the pressure range less than 5 kPa (21.162 kPa−1) and long-term cycle stability (over 5000 cycles). Sensor utilized PEDOT@NWF-ISD as the piezoresistive layer was assembled and used to detect small pressure such as voice vibrations and air flow, implying that this designed pressure sensor has promising potential in the application of wearable electronic devices and healthcare monitors.
First principles study of electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of K2Pd (Cl/Br)6 for solar cells and renewable energy
Authors: Mahmood Q , Zelai Taharh , Nazir Ghazanfar , Albalawi Hind , Aljameel A I , Aslam Imran , Bouzgarrou S , Mera Abeer , Hegazy H H , Alhossainy M H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The vacancy-ordered double perovskites are extensively studied for solar cells and thermoelectric characteristics. Herein, the electronic, mechanical, optical, and transport characteristics of K2Pd(Cl/Br)6 are addressed comprehensively. The structural, and dynamic stabilities are confirmed by tolerance factors (0.93, 0.95) and the positive frequencies of phonon band structures. The criteria for mechanical stability and elastic parameters ensure their stable, anisotropic, and ductile nature. The computation of band structures (BS) and density of states (DOS) show band gaps 2.0 eV, and 1.3 eV for K2PdCl6, and K2PdBr6, respectively. The optical properties are calculated by dielectric constants, absorption coefficient, and their dependent parameters. The K2PdBr6 has an ideal absorption band for visible light solar cells. The thermoelectric performance has been analyzed by figure of merit (ZT). The positive Seebeck coefficient p-type nature with significantly high ZT (0.73, 0.74) at room temperature.
Roadmap on plasticity and epigenetics in cancer
Authors: Foo Jasmine , Basanta David , Rockne Russell C , Strelez Carly , Shah Curran , Ghaffarian Kimya , Mumenthaler Shannon M , Mitchell Kelly , Lathia Justin D , Frankhouser David , Branciamore Sergio , Kuo Ya-Huei , Marcucci Guido , Velde Robert Vander , Marusyk Andriy , Huang Sui , Hari Kishore , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Hatzikirou Haralampos , Poels Kamrine E , Spilker Mary E , Shtylla Blerta , Robertson-Tessi Mark , Anderson Alexander R A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The role of plasticity and epigenetics in shaping cancer evolution and response to therapy has taken center stage with recent technological advances including single cell sequencing. This roadmap article is focused on state-of-the-art mathematical and experimental approaches to interrogate plasticity in cancer, and addresses the following themes and questions: is there a formal overarching framework that encompasses both non-genetic plasticity and mutation-driven somatic evolution? How do we measure and model the role of the microenvironment in influencing/controlling non-genetic plasticity? How can we experimentally study non-genetic plasticity? Which mathematical techniques are required or best suited? What are the clinical and practical applications and implications of these concepts?
Recent progress in L–H transition studies at JET: tritium, helium, hydrogen and deuterium
Authors: Solano E.R. , Delabie E. , Birkenmeier G. , Silva C. , Hillesheim J.C. , Vincenzi P. , Nielsen A.H. , Rasmussen J.Juul , Baciero A. , Aleiferis S. , Balboa I. , Boboc A. , Bourdelle C. , Carvalho I.S. , Carvalho P. , Chernyshova M. , Coelho R. , Craciunescu T. , Dumont R. , Dumortier P. , Luna E.de la , Flanagan J. , Fontana M. , Fontdecaba J.M. , Frassinetti L. , Gallart D. , Garcia J. , Giovannozzi E. , Giroud C. , Gromelski W. , Henriques R. , Horvath L. , Jacquet P. , Jepu I. , Kappatou A. , Keeling D.L. , King D. , Kowalska-Strzęciwilk E. , Lennholm M. , Lerche E. , Litherland-Smith E. , Kiptily V. , Kirov K. , Loarte A. , Lomanowski B. , Maggi C.F. , Mantsinen M.J. , Manzanares A. , Maslov M. , Meigs A.G. , Monakhov I. , Morales R.B. , Nina D. , Noble C. , Parail V. , Diaz F.Parra , Pawelec E. , Pucella G. , Réfy D. , Righi-Steele E. , Rimini F.G. , Robinson T. , Saarelma S. , Sertoli M. , Shaw A. , Silburn S. , Sirén P. , Štancar Ž. , Sun H. , Szepesi G. , Taylor D. , Tholerus E. , Vartanian S. , Verdoolaege G. , Viola B. , Weisen H. , Wilson T. , Contributors JET 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present an overview of results from a series of L–H transition experiments undertaken at JET since the installation of the ITER-like-wall (JET-ILW), with beryllium wall tiles and a tungsten divertor. Tritium, helium and deuterium plasmas have been investigated. Initial results in tritium show ohmic L–H transitions at low density and the power threshold for the L–H transition (P
LH) is lower in tritium plasmas than in deuterium ones at low densities, while we still lack contrasted data to provide a scaling at high densities. In helium plasmas there is a notable shift of the density at which the power threshold is minimum (

n

¯

e
,
min

) to higher values relative to deuterium and hydrogen references. Above

n

¯

e
,
min

(He) the L–H power threshold at high densities is similar for D and He plasmas. Transport modelling in slab geometry shows that in helium neoclassical transport competes with interchange-driven transport, unlike in hydrogen isotopes. Measurements of the radial electric field in deuterium plasmas show that E
r shear is not a good indicator of proximity to the L–H transition. Transport analysis of ion heat flux in deuterium plasmas show a non-linearity as density is decreased below

n

¯

e
,
min

. Lastly, a regression of the JET-ILW deuterium data is compared to the 2008 ITPA scaling law.