bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gaps between the new EU legislation on in vitro diagnostics and the on-the-ground reality
Authors: Horgan Denis , Plebani Mario , Orth Matthias , Macintyre Elizabeth , Jackson Stan , Lal Jonathan A. , Dube France , Kozaric Marta , Tumiene Birute , Salgado Roberto , Schalken Jack A. , Capoluongo Ettore D. , Carnielli Marta 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The background to this debate is now well-known: an EU policy decision to tighten controls on the devices and diagnostics sector led to the adoption of a regulation in 2017 with a schedule for implementation over coming years – a timetable extended still further by last-minute legislation in early 2022, to provide the sector and regulators with more time to adapt to the changes. Discussions among experts organised in April by the European Alliance for Personalized Medicine (EAPM) exposed continuing challenges that cannot be fully resolved by the recent deferral of implementation deadlines. One salient problem is that there is little awareness of the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR) across Europe, and only limited awareness of the different structures of national systems involved in implementing IVDR, with consequent risks for patient and consumer access to in vitro diagnostics (IVDs). The tentative conclusion from these consultations is that despite a will across the sector to seek workable solutions, the obstacles remain formidable, and the potential solutions so far proposed remain more a matter of aspirations than of clear pathways.
Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria
Authors: Sitotaw Baye , Ayalew Fikremariam , Girma Abayneh , Mekonnen Amare Bitew , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Nafidi Hiba-Allah , Bourhia Mohammed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Multiple stresses in waste dumpsite soils can drive antibiotic production as one of the strategies for survival. Bacteria are the most prolific producers of antibiotics. This study investigated the antibiotic production potential of bacteria isolated from Bahir Dar city municipal solid waste dumpsite (MSWDS). Bacteria were isolated from soil collected from the dumpsite on starch casein or nutrient agar. The isolates were carefully screened for antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic bacterial test strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined from cell-free metabolites of the most promising isolates. Isolates showing antimicrobial activity were identified using cultural and biochemical methods. A total of 143 distinctive colonies were obtained and tentatively identified to 13 bacterial genera. Twenty-six (18.18%) of the isolates (six Bacillus and 20 actinobacteria related) demonstrated antimicrobial activities at least against one of the tested bacterial strains. These isolates were related to two actinobacterial and 11 other bacterial genera. Seven out of 26 isolates showed a broad-spectrum of antibiotic activities. Two isolates, which showed a wide spectrum, were selected for the MIC and MBC tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC and MBC of the isolates were recorded to be 250–500 µg/mL against the test strains. Bahir Dar city MSWDS contained a high incidence of antibiotic-producing bacteria. Strain level identification of the isolates and detailed characterization of the metabolites will give a good insight into the antimicrobial production potential in the waste dumpsite.
Einflussmöglichkeiten von Staatsfonds auf die Bankensysteme der EU-Länder außerhalb des Euroraums
Authors: Junghanns Thomas , Körnert Jan 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die geballte Finanzkraft in aller Welt agierender Investoren ist beeindruckend. Zu ihnen zählen Staatsfonds, die vielfach von autoritären Regimen geleitet und verwaltet werden. Eine Beteiligung dieser Fonds an Banken, die in anderen Ländern Schlüsselpositionen einnehmen, ist nicht auszuschließen. Konkret untersuchen Thomas Junghanns und Jan Körnert für die acht EU-Länder außerhalb des Euroraums, welche Banken dort Schlüsselpositionen einnehmen, ob beim Streben nach Macht einfache oder qualifizierte Mehrheiten an diesen Banken erworben werden können, ob Staatsfonds über ausreichend Vermögen verfügen, um solche Beteiligungen einzugehen, und wie hoch der Anteil am Staatsfondsvermögen dann wäre. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich unter anderem, dass vier Staatsfonds autoritärer Regime (China, Abu Dhabi, Saudi-Arabien, Kuwait) jeweils nicht einmal ein Drittel ihrer Vermögen einsetzen müssten.
Gibt es die Marktwirtschaft noch?
Authors: Falkinger Josef 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Schumpeter fragte 1942: „Kann der Kapitalismus überleben?“ Achtzig Jahre später ist festzustellen: Vieles hat sich geändert, aber der Kapitalismus lebt. In diesem Beitrag grenzt Josef Falkinger Kapitalismus und Marktwirtschaft voneinander ab und konfrontiert das Konzept der Marktwirtschaft mit den grundlegenden realen Veränderungen, die von neuen Technologien und geänderten institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen im ausgehenden zwanzigsten Jahrhundert eingeleitet wurden. Er schließt, dass dem Kapitalismus die Marktwirtschaft abhandenkommt. Vor diesem Hintergrund regt er eine Erneuerung des ökonomischen Diskurses an und präsentiert Gedanken zur Weiterentwicklung der Wettbewerbspolitik, zur Verfassung der digitalen Ökonomie und zur Erneuerung des öffentlichen Sektors – mit dem Ziel, die konstituierenden Elemente einer Marktwirtschaft zu erhalten und nachhaltigen Fortschritt zu ermöglichen.
Lexical Features of Popular Scientific Theological Works
Authors: Knežević Ivana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The style of theological scientific writings is partly similar with the writings of other scientific fields, but also has unique features. The style of theological writings is also a product of a particular topic of research of theology itself. In this paper we analyse the lexical features of theological scientific writings, with the special emphasis on the vocabulary of popular scientific theological papers in comparison to the works of the academic substyle as the representative of scientific style. The results from the statistical analysis carried out were used for contrastive analysis, and the expressive and emotional markers were underlined.
Exploring Online Teaching and Learning. A Case Study
Authors: Goşa Codruţa Maria Cornelia , Mureşan Valentina Carina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present paper focuses on the practices of tertiary level students with digital learning and teaching and their views on the strategies employed in both situations, as many of them also work as or have some experience as teachers. Since the development of digital competencies is no longer optional, our study proposed to take a closer look at the specific learning/teaching strategies and to map any changes of attitude, or practice towards teaching/learning in a digital format, for a particular group of students in the field of humanities. Since many of the students train to become teachers and by the end of this academic year will have conducted more than half of the their BA programme through online classes, and the MA students will most likely only meet their colleagues face to face for the first time at their graduation ceremony, their expertise with the use of digital resources, particular learning strategies and the identified “glitches” in what concerns teaching, prove a very important source for re-shaping and debugging this medium of instruction to ensure effectiveness of outcome.
The Effect of the Second Language on Metalinguistic Awareness in Third Language Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Sadouki Fatiha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims at investigating the effect of second language in third language learning. It focuses on metalinguistic awareness, which reflects the extent to which learners can use their background languages in the process of third and additional language learning. The study gives insights into the issue of metalinguistic awareness by testing the participants’ vocabulary knowledge in learning English as a foreign language. The number of participants in this study is 30; they are all middle school students who have Arabic/Berber as native languages, French as a second language, and English as a third language. Two translation tasks were designed to find out how participants use their background languages in learning English: translating words in the first task and paragraph translation (from English into Arabic) and think-aloud protocols in the second task. Additionally, a semi-structured interview is conducted with 8 participants. The findings reveal how participants possess greater cognitive control in language acquisition due to language relatedness between the foreign languages they learn.
J.K. Rowling’s Linguistic Innovations – Translation Impact and Sustainability
Authors: Leotescu Daniel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTranslators faced unusual and surprising linguistic challenges in keeping the original element of the J. K. Rowling’s style in the Harry Potter series. Our paper focuses on the impact of the British writer’s story by highlighting the subtle puns and hidden clues in her made-up words that have gone “beyond the book” and even leapt into the Oxford English Dictionary.
Dialogische Evidenz
Authors: Vijayakumaran Jana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the late 18th century, a new genre emerged in German literature: the historical drama novel. Presenting historic events through the speech of their actors, the historical drama novel sets new accents in the field of literary historiography. Functionally, the dialogical mode correlates with a concept of evidence in which historiographical and poetological premises of the late Enlightenment intersect. On the basis of exemplary novels, this article scrutinizes the conceptual reference horizon of the historical drama novel. The focus thus lies on the conditions and implications of a hybrid genre that displays the interactions of late Enlightened historiography and poetics on a literary form level.
Bezugnahmen auf die Textwelt
Authors: Winko Simone 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article is focused on a practice in interpretive texts that is as common and unavoidable as it is rarely explored: the practice of referring to the fictional world of literary texts. It presents an approach to conceptualize and analyse this practice. Instead of the category ›describing versus interpreting‹ usually used in systematic studies, smaller-scale categories more oriented towards the linguistic surface of the texts are proposed in order to distinguish the referring acts and to be able to capture their diversity. For this purpose, it is useful to ask how the references relate to the literary text and which speech act is in the centre of attention in each case. The article is based on the analysis of a larger corpus of literary interpretation texts and aims at a better understanding of the professional practice.
Gambling on Claim Frequency: Loss Expectation and the Spread of Risks in the Making of Modern Insurance
Authors: Cevolini Alberto 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I argue that the two main principles underlying modern insurance business, i. e., loss expectation and the spread of risks, were not unknown in late-medieval and early-modern insurance practice. The former was embedded into premium rates and explains why in late-medieval and early-modern insurance contracts, premiums were expressed not as a bare sum but in the form of a rate. The latter was clearly formulated by Benedetto Cotrugli as he recommended to underwrite “continuously, & upon every ship, because the one offsets the other, & by pooling, [insurers] cannot but make a profit”. I focus on the principle of loss expectation and argue that underlying this principle there was a kind of commodification of uncertainty that both propelled and was supported by the semantic distinction of risk and danger. I finally sketch out some of the reasons why the basic principles underlying insurance business could find full exploitation only in modern society, and argue that if a statistical calculus of probability for insurance purposes was first carried out between the mid-17th century and the mid-18th century, it was not because of a deficit of ideas but because of a deficit of social structures. Compared to modern insurance business, late-medieval and early-modern insurance agreements were, in the end, a form of gambling based on some estimate of claim frequency.
Holiday Preferences and Travel Behavior of German Motorcyclists. A Cluster Analysis
Authors: Heide Thomas , Scuttari Anna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Motorcycle tourism offers tourist destinations the opportunity to diversify their offer and pursue competitive advantage and economic success. However, motorcyclists’ holidaymaking practices remain underexplored so far and there is an assumption of homogeneity within the riders’ community. This paper argues that, despite common features, differences might stand out in riders’ motivations and local practices. To investigate these differences, cluster analysis is used to segment German motorcycle tourists, with the aim to identify sub-groups of travellers. Using a convenience sample of n=441 bikers, the paper discriminates three types of motorcycling tourists: the pleasure-seekers, the drifters and the focused bikers. The two-step clustering procedure is based on behavioral patterns (i. e. type of accommodation, group type and length of stay) and the results are later enriched using additional descriptors related to the attractiveness of local offers and the probability of undertaking non-riding activities. Theoretical and managerial implications are ultimately derived, acknowledging the exploratory nature of the research design.
Prof. John Rhŷs and his visits to the Isle of Man (1886–1893): Diary
Authors: Broderick George 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Eine diplomatische Transkription des von Rhŷs zusammengefassten Tagebuches seiner Aufenthalte auf der Insel Man (1886-1893) zur Erhebung von Beispielen des gesprochenen Manx-Gälischen von 88 vorhandenen Muttersprachlerinnen und Muttersprachlern aus allen Gebieten der Insel.
Discounting of Future Rewards and Punishments in Rats
Authors: Zech Maurice-Philipp , Schäble Sandra , Kalenscher Tobias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTemporal reward discounting describes the decrease of value of a reward as a function of delay. Decision-making between future aversive outcomes is much less studied, and there is no clear decision pattern across studies; while some authors suggest that human and nonhuman animals prefer sooner over later painful shocks, others found the exact opposite. In a series of three experiments, Long–Evans rats chose between differently timed electric shocks and rewards in a T-maze. In experiment 1, rats chose between early and late painful shocks with identical, long reward delays; in experiment 2, they chose between early reward and early shocks, or late rewards and late shocks; in experiment 3, they chose between early and late rewards, with identical, short delays to the shock. We tested the predictions of two competing hypotheses: the aversive discounting theory assumes that future shocks are discounted, and, hence, less unpleasant than early shocks. The utility from anticipation theory implies that rats derive negative utility from waiting for the shock; late shocks should, hence, be more unpleasant than early shocks. We did not find unanimous evidence for either theory. Instead, our results are more consistent with thepost hocidea that shocks may have negative spill-over effects on reward values, the closer in time a shock is to a subsequent reward, the stronger the reward is devalued. Interestingly and consistent with our theory, we find that, depending on the temporal shock-reward contiguity, rats can be brought to prefer later over sooner rewards of identical magnitudes.
Cholesterol transfer via endoplasmic reticulum contacts mediates lysosome damage repair
Authors: Radulovic Maja , Wenzel Eva Maria , Gilani Sania , Holland Lya KK , Lystad Alf Håkon , Phuyal Santosh , Olkkonen Vesa M , Brech Andreas , Jäättelä Marja , Maeda Kenji , Raiborg Camilla , Stenmark Harald 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLysosome integrity is essential for cell viability, and lesions in lysosome membranes are repaired by the ESCRT machinery. Here, we describe an additional mechanism for lysosome repair that is activated independently of ESCRT recruitment. Lipidomic analyses showed increases in lysosomal phosphatidylserine and cholesterol after damage. Electron microscopy demonstrated that lysosomal membrane damage is rapidly followed by the formation of contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which depends on the ER proteins VAPA/B. The cholesterol‐binding protein ORP1L was recruited to damaged lysosomes, accompanied by cholesterol accumulation by a mechanism that required VAP–ORP1L interactions. The PtdIns 4‐kinase PI4K2A rapidly produced PtdIns4P on lysosomes upon damage, and knockout of PI4K2A inhibited damage‐induced accumulation of ORP1L and cholesterol and led to the failure of lysosomal membrane repair. The cholesterol–PtdIns4P transporter OSBP was also recruited upon damage, and its depletion caused lysosomal accumulation of PtdIns4P and resulted in cell death. We conclude that ER contacts are activated on damaged lysosomes in parallel to ESCRTs to provide lipids for membrane repair, and that PtdIns4P generation and removal are central in this response.
Patient and Family Perspectives on Terms for Obesity
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Lessard Leah M. , Foster Gary D. , Cardel Michelle I. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES
Parent communication about body weight is a sensitive topic, but limited research has studied youth preferences for words used to talk about their weight with parents. We assessed perspectives of weight-based terminology in 2 racially/ethnically diverse samples of youth and parents.

METHODS
We collected online survey data from 2 panel survey samples between September and December 2021: youth aged 10 to 17 years (n = 2032) and parents of youth aged 10 to 17 years (n = 1936). Participants rated 27 different terms and phrases to describe body weight; parents reported on their usage of this terminology and youth reported their preferences for and emotional responses to terminology. Patterns were examined across sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and weight status.

RESULTS
Youth reported preferences for words such as “healthy weight” and dislike of terms such as “obese,” “fat,” and “large,” which induced feelings of sadness, shame, and embarrassment. Differences in youth preferences and emotional reactions were present across sex, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and weight status. This included a general pattern of lower preference ratings among girls (versus boys) and sexual minority (versus heterosexual) youth, and stronger preferences for words such as “thick” or “curvy” among racial/ethnic minority, sexual minority, and higher-weight youth. Use of most weight terms was higher among fathers compared with mothers, and by Hispanic/Latinx parents compared with white and Black/African American parents.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings underscore diversity of youth preferences and the need for individualized approaches that support effective parent and youth communication by using their preferred terms when discussing weight-related health.
ВПЛИВ ДОБАВОК МІКРОВОЛАСТОНІТУ НА КРИСТАЛІЗАЦІЮ ПОРИСТИХ СКЛОКРИСТАЛІЧНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ІЗ ВМІСТОМ РІЗНИХ ВИДІВ ГАЗОУТВОРЮВАЧІВ
Authors: Лихолат Ярослава І. , Пєтух Світлана І. 
Published: November 2022

У роботі проведені дослідження, спрямовані на підвищення міцності пористих склокристалічних матеріалів за рахунок утворення в міжпорових перегородках голчастих кристалів воластоніту, що мають армуючий ефект. Пористі матеріали отримували на основі бою скла з використанням в якості газоутворювачів сировини природного (суглинки) та техногенного (мартенівський та доменний шлаки, зола–унесення) походження. До складу сумішей скла з газоутворювачами вводили добавки мікроволастоніту в кількості 1.5–7.5 мас. ч. Випал зразків здійснювали за температур 750–850 °С в залежності від виду газоутворювача. За допомогою диференційно–термічного аналізу було досліджено процеси, що відбуваються в дослідних шихтах з вмістом добавки мікроволастоніту в умовах нагрівання, а за допомогою рентгенофазового аналізу – зміну фазового складу матеріалів після випалу. Для дослідних зразків визначали об’ємну вагу (кг/м3), міцність на стиск (МПа) та розраховували коефіцієнт конструктивної якості. У результаті проведеної роботи встановлено, що додавання мікроволастоніту сприяє утворенню в матеріалах воластоніту як основної кристалічної фази незалежно від виду газоутворювача та підвищує їх міцність до 6.3 МПа. Коефіцієнт конструктивної якості зразків, до складу яких вводили мікроволастоніт в кількості від 1.5 до 4.5 мас. ч., збільшується в середньому на 10 %, подальше ж його введення сприяє зниженню показників зазначеного коефіцієнту за рахунок зростання об’ємної ваги матеріалів та не є доцільним.
МОНІТОРИНГ ЗМІН ЯКОСТІ БЕНЗИНУ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОГО В УМОВАХ ДОВГОТРИВАЛОГО ЗБЕРІГАННЯ
Authors: Матвєєва Олена Л. , Вовк Юлія О. , Тітова Ольга С. 
Published: November 2022

Метою даної роботи є дослідження динаміки змін якості палив, що знаходяться на довготривалому зберіганні, для унеможливлення виходу останніх за межі кондиції та забезпечення екологічної безпеки. Проведено моніторинг та аналіз динаміки змін якості бензину автомобільного під час тривалого зберігання. Показано та експериментально підтверджено, що протягом дворічного зберігання палива відбуваються зміни його групового складу, фізичної та хімічної стабільності. Отримані результати дослідження вказують на постійний перебіг процесів випаровування легких фракцій, окиснення, полімеризації та взаємодії з твердою дисперсною фазою. Встановлено, що показники якості палива при його зберіганні понад 24 місяці залишилися в межах відповідності ДСТУ 7687:2015, тому можливе подальше його зберігання чи реалізація за призначенням. У роботі звертається увага на вплив умов довгострокового зберігання бензинів, стану технологічного обладнання на швидкість змін фізичної та хімічної стабільності палив. Отримані дані дають можливість акцентувати увагу на необхідності переоснащення підприємств паливозабезпечення галузі, створення екобезпечних умов їх діяльності. Рекомендовано зберігання бензинів у підземних, повністю заповнених резервуарах із відповідним антикорозійним покриттям, чи у наземних резервуарах із системою рекуперації парів, обладнаних пристроями видалення підтоварної води.
Quantitative dSTORM superresolution microscopy
Authors: Novák Tibor , Varga Dániel , Bíró Péter , H. Kovács Bálint Barna , Majoros Hajnalka , Pankotai Tibor , Szikora Szilárd , Mihály József , Erdélyi Miklós 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLocalization based superresolution technique provides the highest spatial resolution in optical microscopy. The final image is formed by the precise localization of individual fluorescent dyes, therefore the quantification of the collected data requires special protocols, algorithms and validation processes. The effects of labelling density and structured background on the final image quality were studied theoretically using the TestSTORM simulator. It was shown that system parameters affect the morphology of the final reconstructed image in different ways and the accuracy of the imaging can be determined. Although theoretical studies help in the optimization procedure, the quantification of experimental data raises additional issues, since the ground truth data is unknown. Localization precision, linker length, sample drift and labelling density are the major factors that make quantitative data analysis difficult. Two examples (geometrical evaluation of sarcomere structures and counting the γH2AX molecules in DNA damage induced repair foci) have been presented to demonstrate the efficiency of quantitative evaluation experimentally.