bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of adherence to a 3 month cardiac rehabilitation with long‐term clinical outcomes in heart failure patients
Authors: Nakanishi Michio , Miura Hiroyuki , Irie Yuki , Nakao Kazuhiro , Fujino Masashi , Otsuka Fumiyuki , Aoki Tatsuo , Yanase Masanobu , Goto Yoichi , Noguchi Teruo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsAlthough comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CCR) is recommended for patients with heart failure (HF), participants often show low adherence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CCR completion and response with long‐term clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsWe screened 824 HF patients who participated in a 3 month CCR programme and underwent baseline assessment, including cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX). After excluding 52 participants who experienced all‐cause death or HF hospitalization within 180 days, long‐term outcomes were compared between those who attended 3 month follow‐up assessment including CPX (completers) and those who did not (non‐completers). We also compared the prognostic value of the changes in peak oxygen uptake (VO2) vs. quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) during the 3 month CCR programme. Among the 772 study patients, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, including left ventricular ejection fraction, B‐type natriuretic peptide levels, and peak VO2, between the completers (n = 561) and non‐completers (n = 211), except for a higher age (63.2 ± 14.2 vs. 59.4 ± 16.2 years; P = 0.0015) and proportion of females (27% vs. 17%; P = 0.0030) among the completers. During a median follow‐up of 55.4 months, the completers had lower rates of the composite of all‐cause death or HF hospitalization (34.4% vs. 44.6%; P = 0.0015) and all‐cause death (16.9% vs. 24.6%; P = 0.0037) than the non‐completers. After adjustment for prognostic baseline characteristics, including age and sex, CCR completion was associated with 34% and 44% reductions in the composite outcome and all‐cause death, respectively. Among the completers, peak VO2 and QMS increased significantly (8.9 ± 15.8% and 10.5 ± 17.9%, respectively) over 3 months. Patients who had an increase in peak VO2 ≥ 6.3% (median value) during the CCR programme had significantly lower rates of the composite outcome (27.0% vs. 33.8%; P = 0.048) and all‐cause mortality (10.0% vs. 17.4%; P = 0.0069) than those who did not. No statistically significant difference was observed in the composite outcome (30.5% vs. 30.4%; P = 0.76) or all‐cause mortality (13.0% vs. 14.4%; P = 0.39) between those with and without an increase in QMS ≥8.3% (median value).ConclusionsIn HF patients who participated in a 3 month CCR programme, its completion was associated with lower risks of subsequent HF hospitalization and death. Within the group of patients who completed the programme, the improvement in exercise capacity, but not in skeletal muscle strength, over the 3‐month period was associated with better outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of the post‐CCR follow‐up assessment, including CPX, to identify a patient's adherence and response to the CCR programme.
Homophthalic Esters: A New Type of Reagents for the Castagnoli‐Cushman Reaction
Authors: Guranova Natalia , Bakulina Olga , Dar'in Dmitry , Kantin Grigory , Krasavin Mikhail 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe reactivity pattern of the Castagnoli‐Cushman reaction between homophthalic anhydride and imines was completely reproduced by replacing homophthalic anhydride with o‐(alkoxycarbonyl)methyl benzoic acids activated by CDI (1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole). This allows obtaining tetrahydroisoquinolonic esters directly and plants the Castagnoli‐Cushman chemistry onto a fundamentally new reagent space not requiring the use of cyclic anhydrides.
Seismic behaviour of rubble masonry: Shake table test and numerical modelling
Authors: de Felice Gianmarco , Liberatore Domenico , De Santis Stefano , Gobbin Francesca , Roselli Ivan , Sangirardi Marialuigia , AlShawa Omar , Sorrentino Luigi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe destruction of Amatrice and the surrounding villages in Central Italy after the 2016 seismic sequence was so impressive that engineers, authorities and local communities started sharing the common feeling that historical stone masonry buildings were too below current safety standards. The severe damage caused by the earthquakes led to a general distrust of traditional building techniques, leading to the conclusion that there is nothing to do but demolish and rebuild, perhaps with a false antique. Is there an alternative? Is there a way to combine safety and preservation of architectural heritage? This paper aims contributing to the understanding of the seismic behaviour of stone masonry by reproducing, through simulation on a shake table, the progressive loss of compactness of a real scale rubble masonry wall up to the ruinous collapse with the separation between the two external leaves. The laboratory simulation allowed to evaluate the decrease of the fundamental frequency with increasing damage and estimate the maximum displacement profile and the amount of cracking that the wall is able to sustain before failing. Eventually, two modelling strategies based on finite and discrete element methods were proposed and applied to verify the capability of simulating the out‐of‐plane seismic response and the failure mechanisms of rubble masonry.
Experimental study on the formation characteristics of CO2 hydrate in porous media below the freezing point: Influence of particle size and temperature on the formation process and storage capacity
Authors: Zhang Xuemin , Zhang Mengjun , Yang Huijie , Li Jinping , Li Yinhui , Wu Qingbai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCO2 storage in form of hydrate in stratigraphic sediment has been considered to be one of the effective strategies against global warming and mitigating CO2 emission, which has attracted extensive research interest in the field of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and natural gas hydrate exploitation in permafrost regions. How the formation characteristics of CO2 hydrate influences the storage process is a fundamental issue related to the hydrate‐based technology of CO2 sequestration and storage in the permafrost regions. In this study, the formation experiments of CO2 hydrate were carried out in porous media below freezing point under the condition of different particle sizes and temperatures. The influence of different factors on the formation rate, conversion rate, and gas storage capacity of CO2 hydrate were studied through experiments. It was indicated that temperature and ice particle size had a significant effect on the formation characteristics of CO2 hydrate in porous media below the freezing point. However, it did not mean that the greater the degree of supercooling was the better the hydrate formation would be. The formation rate and conversion rate of hydrate were relatively higher when the temperature approached to the freezing point. In contrast, the gas storage capacity of CO2 hydrate was higher than that above the freezing point. The average formation rate, conversion rate, and gas storage capacity of CO2 hydrate were obtained under the temperature of 270.15 K, which was 3.68 × 10−4 mol h−1, 40.47%, and 75.09 L/L, respectively. When the ice particle size was 700 µm under the same particle size of quartz sand, the conversion rate and gas storage capacity of CO2 hydrate was the maximum, reached to 49.69% and 92.19 L/L, respectively. These results provide greater insights into the hydrate‐based technology of CO2 sequestration and storage in sediments.
Long‐term spatiotemporal variability in the surface velocity of Eastern Himalayan glaciers, India
Authors: Kaushik Saurabh , Singh Tejpal , Bhardwaj Anshuman , Joshi Pawan Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvestigation of spatiotemporal variation in glacier velocity is imperative to comprehend glacier mass and volume loss as a function of their sensitivity to climate change. The long‐term glacier velocity record for the Eastern Himalayan region is of utmost importance owing to its data scarcity and climate sensitivity. Here, we present a long‐term dataset spanning more than two decades (1994–2020) of glacier surface velocity for the entire Sikkim Himalaya by applying image correlation methods on the multi‐temporal Landsat images. Our results demonstrate an average glacier surface velocity decline from 15.7 ± 5.69 (1994/96) to 12.88 ± 2.09 m yr−1 (2018/2020), that is a decline of ~15% during the period of investigation. Trend analysis shows a decreasing trend in median velocity (32.2%) at a rate of 0.25 m yr−1. Despite the general decline in average glacier velocity, the rate of slowdown of individual glaciers is extremely heterogeneous (3.6–20 m yr−1). Our study shows that up to 32% of the observed heterogeneity in velocity variation can be explained by the variation in glacier size. The present study highlights that large glaciers with thick ice cover move faster compared to small glaciers (even those situated on steep slopes). The findings are significant and have direct implications for assessing future water availability scenarios and modelling glacio‐hydrology in the region.
Vicia sativa as a grazed forage for lactating ewes in a temperate grassland production system
Authors: Thomas Benjamin J. , Fychan Rhun , McCalman Heather M. , Sanderson Ruth , Thomas Howard , Marley Christina L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere, we present research to overcome a current limitation of temperate grassland systems to provide home‐grown, early season protein for lactating ewes—a period of high protein demand in these systems. Traditionally used as a forage crop, there is renewed interest in common vetch (Vicia sativa) due to its ability to grow during low temperatures over‐winter compared to other legumes. We hypothesised that vetch would support the sustainable development of lamb production by reducing reliance on purchased protein typically used in grass‐only systems. A grazing study determined the performance of early lactation ewes and their twin lambs grazing either an Italian ryegrass (IRG) sward or a vetch/IRG (V/IRG) mix over a six‐week period. The experiment comprised replicate plots of two treatments, with 8 ewes, each rearing twin lambs, grazing each plot. Plots were divided into sub‐plots using electric fencing and rotationally grazed. Findings showed i) ewes selectively grazed vetch as evidenced by a drop in vetch percentage by, on average, 10% units between the start and end of grazing; ii) vetch re‐grew when rotationally grazed with a 21– 28‐d rest period, with vetch percentage of the sward increasing 10% units; and iii) grazing lactating ewes on V/IRG improved combined ewe and lamb weights by five weeks post‐lambing but longer term effects were limited by vetch availability. Furthermore, there was a tendency for lamb live‐weight gains to be higher for lambs whose dams grazed on vetch/IRG compared to IRG swards (573 versus 563 g ewe−1 d−1, respectively, p = 0.056). As the need for alternatives to imported protein feed increases, this research demonstrates how vegetative common vetch, as part of a mixed sward, has the potential to provide a home‐produced winter‐grown protein feed in temperate grasslands.
A Review of Recovery Plan Criteria for Threatened and Endangered Fish Taxa Managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Authors: Shirey Patrick D , Colvin Susan A R , Roulson Leanne H , Bigford Thomas E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Endangered Species Act recovery plans must meet legal requirements (1) to provide recovery time and cost estimates, (2) to set objective and measurable delisting criteria, and (3) to address the five factors that are considered when listing or delisting a species. These five factors include: threats to habitat or range, whether or not a species is subject to overutilization, presence of disease, existence of regulatory mechanisms outside of federal protection (i.e., the states), and if there are other natural or anthropogenic factors impacting continued existence. We reviewed recovery plans for fish listed under the Endangered Species Act and managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to determine how many meet these requirements. Of 105 recovery plans for fish taxa managed by the USFWS, 52% of plans estimated time to recovery, 44% plans estimated cost of recovery, and 61% plans provided quantitative recovery criteria. Only one-third of these recovery plans specifically addressed the five delisting factors, which include taxa-specific threats to species persistence. The USFWS is using the species status assessment (SSA) framework to inform species management, with 15 listed species that have a completed SSA. As SSAs are completed to inform objective and measurable criteria, recovery plans could be revised or amended at the time of 5-year reviews, especially for taxa whose time and cost estimates for recovery have been surpassed.
Risk Trade‐Offs and Equitable Decision‐Making in the Covid‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O. , Wetter Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the start of the Covid‐19 pandemic, societies have faced agonizing decisions about whether to close schools, shutter businesses, delay nonemergency health care, restrict travel, and authorize the use of emergency Covid‐19 countermeasures under limited scientific understanding. When both action and inaction can result in significant harm and irreversible damage, decisions surrounding infection control measures become complicated. Yet ethics can help us think about hard trade‐offs that weigh competing values and have deep consequences for society and particularly the most disadvantaged. This essay discusses the challenges of making policy trade‐offs amid scientific uncertainty. While there may be no perfect formula for deciding what to do and when, we propose four key considerations for assessing risk‐risk trade‐offs and apply those considerations to the areas of education, economies, health care, travel and migration, social engagement, and medical countermeasures.
Pediatric Authenticity: Hiding in Plain Sight
Authors: Nelson Ryan H. , Moore Bryanna , Blumenthal‐Barby Jennifer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe range of decisions considered permissible in pediatrics is typically understood to involve a balance between patient interests and parental or surrogate authority. In this article, we argue that there is a distinct set of considerations relevant to pediatric decision‐making that is often neglected or unacknowledged in pediatrics—namely, considerations related to patient authenticity. The standard of pediatric authenticity asks not what is best for the patient or what the patient would choose but, rather, what is most consistent with who the patient is. We begin the article with an overview of the best interest standard and suggest that authenticity can elucidate considerations that fall between a child’s strictly medical interests and broader familial or relational interests. Next, we discuss authenticity in greater detail, noting the limits of applying certain philosophical conceptions of authenticity in pediatrics. We then sketch our own account of pediatric authenticity and distinguish it from the related concepts of subjective interests and assent. We conclude with a discussion of three cases illustrating the normative significance of authenticity in a range of situations arising in pediatric medicine.
Long‐term outcomes in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma arising from inverted papilloma: Systematic review
Authors: Birkenbeuel Jack L. , Pang Jonathan C. , Lee Ariel , Nguyen Emily S. , Risbud Adwight , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Abiri Arash , Lehrich Brandon M. , Tong Charles C. L. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong‐term survival and recurrence patterns of squamous cell carcinoma arising from inverted papilloma (IP‐SCC) have not been thoroughly investigated. Four electronic databases were searched and primary studies describing overall survival (OS), recurrence, and mean time to recurrence of patients with IP‐SCC were included for review. Our search yielded 662 studies. The 28 studies selected for inclusion identified 663 patients with IP‐SCC. In 596 patients with reported T classification, 439 (73.7%) were T3/T4 on presentation. Of the 650 participants with recurrence data (local, regional, and distant), 155 (23.8%) experienced a recurrence, with an aggregate mean time‐to‐recurrence of 24.3 months. In 565 patients with 5‐year OS rates, the aggregate 5‐year OS was 62%. Based on the literature to date, IP‐SCC is associated with a 5‐year OS rate of 62%. 23.8% of patients experienced recurrence at a mean time of 24.3 months, suggesting the need for long‐term surveillance.
Learning from mistakes—Assessing the performance and uncertainty in process‐based models
Authors: Feigl Moritz , Roesky Benjamin , Herrnegger Mathew , Schulz Karsten , Hayashi Masaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTypical applications of process‐ or physically‐based models aim to gain a better process understanding or provide the basis for a decision‐making process. To adequately represent the physical system, models should include all essential processes. However, model errors can still occur. Other than large systematic observation errors, simplified, misrepresented, inadequately parametrised or missing processes are potential sources of errors. This study presents a set of methods and a proposed workflow for analysing errors of process‐based models as a basis for relating them to process representations. The evaluated approach consists of three steps: (1) training a machine‐learning (ML) error model using the input data of the process‐based model and other available variables, (2) estimation of local explanations (i.e., contributions of each variable to an individual prediction) for each predicted model error using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) in combination with principal component analysis, (3) clustering of SHAP values of all predicted errors to derive groups with similar error generation characteristics. By analysing these groups of different error‐variable association, hypotheses on error generation and corresponding processes can be formulated. That can ultimately lead to improvements in process understanding and prediction. The approach is applied to a process‐based stream water temperature model HFLUX in a case study for modelling an alpine stream in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. By using available meteorological and hydrological variables as inputs, the applied ML model is able to predict model residuals. Clustering of SHAP values results in three distinct error groups that are mainly related to shading and vegetation‐emitted long wave radiation. Model errors are rarely random and often contain valuable information. Assessing model error associations is ultimately a way of enhancing trust in implemented processes and of providing information on potential areas of improvement to the model.
Research progress of anti‐γ‐aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis and a case report of paraneoplastic associated encephalitis and treatment analysis
Authors: Lv Yi‐Kun , Zhang Hai‐Qing , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEncephalitis is one of the common diseases in neurology. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatments are essential. Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) generally refers to a type of encephalitis mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. It is gradually considered to be an important cause of reversible encephalitis caused by noninfectious factors. It can occur in children, adolescents, and adults, and is clinically characterized by multifocal or diffuse brain damage such as personality changes, seizures, and cognitive impairment, with an overall good effect of immunotherapy. According to the clinical features of the patients, blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests, neuroelectrophysiology, cranial imaging, treatment and prognosis, AEs can be broadly divided into specific antigen (antibody)‐related AEs and nonspecific antigen (or antibody) ‐related AEs. With the development of AEs research, more and more anti‐neuron antibodies have been found, which provides an important reference for the diagnosis and treatment of AEs. Understanding the knowledge about AEs is important to discover new diseases and deepen the understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms of existing central nervous system diseases. Anti‐γ‐aminobutyric acid B (GABA‐B) receptor encephalitis is a type of AE, but this disease is rare in AE, often develop to the clinical manifestations of marginal encephalitis, accompanied by obvious seizures or status epilepticus, Some patients had tumors, mainly small‐cell carcinoma, prompt diagnosis, early immunotherapy and, if necessary, tumor treatment resulted in complete or partial neurological improvement in most patients.
Regenerating airway epithelium using fibrous biomimetic basement membranes
Authors: Gadalla Dina , Tchoukalova Yourka D. , Lott David G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere are reciprocal interactions between epithelial cells and underlying basement membrane. The resemblance of biomaterials to native basement membrane is thus critical for their success when used to regenerate epithelium‐containing organs. Particularly, the use of nanofibers and the incorporation of basement membrane proteins may mimic both biophysical and biochemical properties of basement membrane, respectively. Herein we tested how electrospun polycaprolactone/heparin fibers with and without adsorbed laminin and collagen IV proteins affect epithelial cell functions. We found that airway epithelial cells attached, migrated, and proliferated on all scaffolds but protein‐functionalized fibers promoted higher attachment, quicker migration, and increased proliferation. Fibers were then integrated on polyethylene scaffolds and cultured at an air‐liquid interface. The detection of secretory and ciliated cell markers was higher in cells on polyethylene with fibers. These findings demonstrate that electrospun fibers incite beneficial epithelial cell responses and can be used in the fabrication of bioengineered functional epithelia.
Synthesis and herbicidal activities of 2‐phenylpyridine compounds containing alkenyl moieties
Authors: Cai Zengfei , Zhang Wenliang , Cao Yangyang , Du Xiaohua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to find new heterocyclic compounds with high herbicidal activity, a series of novel 2‐phenylpyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized by incorporating alkenyl into 2‐phenylpyridine moieties. The structures of the title compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, and HRMS. The herbicidal activities assay demonstrated that most of the title compounds showed 100% inhibition against Abutilon theophrasti and Amaranthus retroflexus at 150 g a.i./ha. At 37.5 g a.i./ha, compounds 6f and 6g exhibited comparable inhibition (>80%) against Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Eclipta prostrate, when compared with the positive control mesotrione at 150 g a.i./ha.
Militias going rogue: Social dilemmas and coercive brokerage in Rio de Janeiro's urban frontier
Authors: Pope Nicholas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExamining Rio de Janeiro's milícias (‘militias’) through the ‘coercive brokerage’ concept can reveal how they are central to how states and markets function. By tracing their emergence through moments of political and economic rupture, this article reveals how milícias responded to the social dilemmas of marginalised populations. Drawing from archival documentation, interviews, and ethnographic fieldnotes, this article argues that by brokering solutions to collective action problems and attempting to level‐up inequalities, milícias gained access to the political system and were able to shape the urban political economy. However, their coercive force also stimulated fresh contradictions, leading to a new set of structural, symbolic, and physical violences.