bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular parameters on computed tomography are independently associated with in-hospital complications and outcomes in level-1 trauma patients
Authors: Kobes Tim , Sweet Arthur A. R. , Klip IJsbrand T. , Houwert Roderick M. , Veldhuis Wouter B. , Leenen Luke P. H. , de Jong Pim A. , van Baal Mark C. P. M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In-hospital complications after trauma may result in prolonged stays, higher costs, and adverse functional outcomes. Among reported risk factors for complications are pre-existing cardiopulmonary comorbidities. Objective and quick evaluation of cardiovascular risk would be beneficial for risk assessment in trauma patients. Studies in non-trauma patients suggested an independent association between cardiovascular abnormalities visible on routine computed tomography (CT) imaging and outcomes. However, whether this applies to trauma patients is unknown.

Purpose
To assess the association between cardiopulmonary abnormalities visible on routine CT images and the development of in-hospital complications in patients in a level-1 trauma center.

Methods
All trauma patients aged 16 years or older with CT imaging of the abdomen, thorax, or spine and admitted to the UMC Utrecht in 2017 were included. Patients with an active infection upon admission or severe neurological trauma were excluded. Routine trauma CT images were analyzed for visible abnormalities: pulmonary emphysema, coronary artery calcifications, and abdominal aorta calcification severity. Drug-treated complications were scored. The discharge condition was measured on the Glasgow Outcome Scale.

Results
In total, 433 patients (median age 50 years, 67% male, 89% ASA 1–2) were analyzed. Median Injury Severity Score and Glasgow Coma Scale score were 9 and 15, respectively. Seventy-six patients suffered from at least one complication, mostly pneumonia (n = 39, 9%) or delirium (n = 19, 4%). Left main coronary artery calcification was independently associated with the development of any complication (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.7–8.9). An increasing number of calcified coronary arteries showed a trend toward an association with complications (p = 0.07) and was significantly associated with an adverse discharge condition (p = 0.02). Pulmonary emphysema and aortic calcifications were not associated with complications.

Conclusion
Coronary artery calcification, visible on routine CT imaging, is independently associated with in-hospital complications and an adverse discharge condition in level-1 trauma patients. The findings of this study may help to identify trauma patients quickly and objectively at risk for complications in an early stage without performing additional diagnostics or interventions.
Parenthood and psychological distress among English Millennials during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the Next Steps cohort study
Authors: Chen B. , McMunn A. , Gagné T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic led to disproportionate mental health responses in younger adults and parents. The aim of the study was to investigate how Millennial parents’ experiences were associated with psychological distress over the first year of the pandemic.

Methods
We examined data in September 2020 (n men = 994; n women = 1824) and February 2021 (n men = 1054; n women = 1845) from the Next Steps cohort study (started ages 13–14 in 2003–04). In each wave, we examined differences in GHQ-12 scores between parent groups defined by the age and number of children, adjusting for background characteristics at ages 13–14, psychological distress at ages 25–26, and other circumstances during the pandemic. We also examined if differences varied by work status, financial situation before the outbreak and relationship status.

Results
Whereas mothers with one or two children and children aged 0–2 reported less distress than non-mothers in September 2020, there were no such differences in February 2021. Fathers with three or more children reported more distress in February 2021. Compared with non-fathers who worked, fathers were also disproportionally distressed if they were working with one child or with children aged 2 or less in September 2020.

Conclusion
The distribution of psychological distress among Millennial parents and non-parents has varied by age, sex, parenting stage, work status and the timing of the pandemic. Generous family policies are needed, with special attention dedicated to parents combining work and family responsibilities.
Markov risk mappings and risk-sensitive optimal prediction
Authors: Kosmala Tomasz , Martyr Randall , Moriarty John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe formulate a probabilistic Markov property in discrete time under a dynamic risk framework with minimal assumptions. This is useful for recursive solutions to risk-sensitive versions of dynamic optimisation problems such as optimal prediction, where at each stage the recursion depends on the whole future. The property holds for standard measures of risk used in practice, and is formulated in several equivalent versions including a representation via acceptance sets, a strong version, and a dual representation.
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are substrates of the renal human organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4)
Authors: Louisse Jochem , Dellafiora Luca , van den Heuvel Jeroen J. M. W. , Rijkers Deborah , Leenders Liz , Dorne Jean-Lou C. M. , Punt Ans , Russel Frans G. M. , Koenderink Jan B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPoly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are omnipresent in the environment and have been shown to accumulate in humans. Most PFASs are not biotransformed in animals and humans, so that elimination is largely dependent on non-metabolic clearance via bile and urine. Accumulation of certain PFASs in humans may relate to their reabsorption from the pre-urine by transporter proteins in the proximal tubules of the kidney, such as URAT1 and OAT4. The present study assessed the in vitro transport of 7 PFASs (PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFBS, PFHxS and PFOS) applying URAT1- or OAT4-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Virtually no transport of PFASs could be measured in URAT1-transfected HEK cells. All PFASs, except PFBS, showed clear uptake in OAT4-transfected HEK cells. In addition, these in vitro results were further supported by in silico docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies assessing transporter–ligand interactions. Information on OAT4-mediated transport may provide insight into the accumulation potential of PFASs in humans, but other kinetic aspects may play a role and should also be taken into account. Quantitative information on all relevant kinetic processes should be integrated in physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models, to predict congener-specific accumulation of PFASs in humans in a more accurate manner.
Characteristics of beer brewed with unconventional yeasts and addition of grape must, pulp and marc
Authors: Cioch-Skoneczny Monika , Królak Katarzyna , Tworzydło Zuzanna , Satora Paweł , Skoneczny Szymon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of the paper was to determine potential of using grape pulp, marc and must in the beer production process. Samples were fermented using non-Saccharomyces yeasts (Dekkera bruxellensis 3429, Metschnikowia pulcherrima MG970690) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Safale US-05 was used as a control. Grape marc was obtained by pressing grape must with a press. Subsequently, the grape marc, must and pulp were pasteurized and, together with wort, volumetrically introduced into fermentation flasks for fermentation. Mass changes taking place during the process were analyzed. Real extract, alcohol, free amino nitrogen (FAN) content, pH, color, sugars and organic acid profile were determined in obtained beers. The research has shown that the yeasts Dekkera bruxellensis 3429 fermented similarly to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Safale US-05. The yeast D. bruxellensis 3429 produced more alcohol in the finished beers in most cases and assimilated more FAN than M. pulcherrima MG970690. The D. bruxellensis 3429 strain most effectively used L-malic acid.
Characterisation of Planar Brownian Multiplicative Chaos
Authors: Jego Antoine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe characterise the multiplicative chaos measure $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
associated to planar Brownian motion introduced in Bass et al. (Ann Probab 22(2):566–625, 1994), Aïdékon et al. (Ann. Probab. 48(4), 1785–1825, 2020) and Jego (Ann Probab 48(4):1597–1643, 2020) by showing that it is the only random Borel measure satisfying a list of natural properties. These properties only serve to fix the average value of the measure and to express a spatial Markov property. As a consequence of our characterisation, we establish the scaling limit of the set of thick points of planar simple random walk, stopped at the first exit time of a domain, by showing the weak convergence towards $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
of the point measure associated to the thick points. In particular, we obtain the convergence of the appropriately normalised number of thick points of random walk to a nondegenerate random variable. The normalising constant is different from that of the Gaussian free field, as conjectured in Jego (Electron J Probab 25:39, 2020). These results cover the entire subcritical regime. A key new idea for this characterisation is to introduce measures describing the intersection between different independent Brownian trajectories and how they interact to create thick points.
Mathematical Structures of Non-perturbative Topological String Theory: From GW to DT Invariants
Authors: Alim Murad , Saha Arpan , Teschner Jörg , Tulli Iván 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the Borel summation of the Gromov–Witten potential for the resolved conifold. The Stokes phenomena associated to this Borel summation are shown to encode the Donaldson–Thomas (DT) invariants of the resolved conifold, having a direct relation to the Riemann–Hilbert problem formulated by Bridgeland (Invent Math 216(1), 69–124, 2019). There exist distinguished integration contours for which the Borel summation reproduces previous proposals for the non-perturbative topological string partition functions of the resolved conifold. These partition functions are shown to have another asymptotic expansion at strong topological string coupling. We demonstrate that the Stokes phenomena of the strong-coupling expansion encode the DT invariants of the resolved conifold in a second way. Mathematically, one finds a relation to Riemann–Hilbert problems associated to DT invariants which is different from the one found at weak coupling. The Stokes phenomena of the strong-coupling expansion turn out to be closely related to the wall-crossing phenomena in the spectrum of BPS states on the resolved conifold studied in the context of supergravity by Jafferis and Moore (Wall crossing in local Calabi Yau manifolds, arXiv:0810.4909, 2008).
K-stability and birational models of moduli of quartic K3 surfaces
Authors: Ascher Kenneth , DeVleming Kristin , Liu Yuchen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe show that the K-moduli spaces of log Fano pairs$$({\mathbb {P}}^3, cS)$$(P3,cS)whereSis a quartic surface interpolate between the GIT moduli space of quartic surfaces and the Baily–Borel compactification of moduli of quartic K3 surfaces ascvaries in the interval (0, 1). We completely describe the wall crossings of these K-moduli spaces. As the main application, we verify Laza–O’Grady’s prediction on the Hassett–Keel–Looijenga program for quartic K3 surfaces. We also obtain the K-moduli compactification of quartic double solids, and classify all Gorenstein canonical Fano degenerations of$${\mathbb {P}}^3$$P3.
The cosmopolitan appendicularian Oikopleura dioica reveals hidden genetic diversity around the globe
Authors: Masunaga Aki , Mansfield Michael J. , Tan Yongkai , Liu Andrew W. , Bliznina Aleksandra , Barzaghi Paolo , Hodgetts Tamara L. , Ferrández-Roldán Alfonso , Cañestro Cristian , Onuma Takeshi A. , Plessy Charles , Luscombe Nicholas M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAppendicularian tunicates are some of the most abundant mesozooplankton organisms with key roles in marine trophic webs and global carbon flux. Like most appendicularians with cosmopolitan distributions, Oikopleura dioica Fol, 1872 is considered a single species worldwide based on morphological features that distinguish them from other appendicularians. Despite their abundance, however, there are still only ~ 70 described appendicularian species, compared to over 2800 ascidian tunicates. Here we perform a molecular phylogenetic, morphological, and reproductive assessment of O. dioica specimens collected from the Ryukyu Archipelago, mainland Japan, and Europe. The specimens are morphologically very similar, with only detailed examination of the oikoplastic epithelium and quantitative measurements revealing minor distinguishing characteristics. Phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal gene loci and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene strongly indicate that they form three separate genetic clades despite their morphological similarities. Finally, in vitro crosses between the Ryukyu and mainland Japanese specimens show total prezygotic reproductive isolation. Our results reveal that the current taxonomic O. dioica classification likely hides multiple cryptic species, highlighting the genetic diversity and complexity of their population structures. Cryptic organisms are often hidden under a single species name because their morphological similarities make them difficult to distinguish and their correct identification is fundamental to understanding Earth’s biodiversity. O. dioica is an attractive model to understand how morphological conservation can be maintained despite pronounced genetic divergence.
PD-1 expression, among other immune checkpoints, on tumor-infiltrating NK and NKT cells is associated with longer disease-free survival in treatment-naïve CRC patients
Authors: Al-Mterin Mohammad A. , Murshed Khaled , Elkord Eyad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA variety of variables, such as microsatellite instability or inflammatory mediators, are critical players in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells are involved in the prognoses of CRC. Immunological components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) impact cancer progression and therapeutic responses. We report that CRC patients with higher frequencies of tumor-infiltrating PD-1+ NK and NKT cells had significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS) than patients with lower frequencies. In agreement with that, patients with higher frequencies of tumor-infiltrating PD-1− NK and NKT cells showed shorter DFS. There were no significant associations between tumor-infiltrating PD-1+TIM-3+, PD-1+TIGIT+, PD-1+ICOS+, PD-1+LAG-3+ NK cells, and PD-1+TIM-3+, PD-1+TIGIT+, and PD-1+LAG-3+ NKT cells with DFS. This study highlights the significance of PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating NK and NKT cells and its association with disease prognoses in CRC patients.
Comparison of the Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Intramural Metastases and Multiple Primary Carcinomas
Authors: Cheng Na , Li Weihua , Wang Bingzhi , Li Zhuo , Yang Zhaoyang , Chen Rongshan , Xue Liyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is difficult to distinguish esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with intramural metastases (IM) from multiple primary oesophageal carcinoma (MPEC). Nevertheless, there are significant differences in their prognoses and treatments. Therefore, our study aims to clarify the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of these two entities and to provide clues for differential diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 6304 patients who underwent esophagectomy without neoadjuvant therapy. The clinicopathological and prognostic features of patients with IM and MPEC were evaluated. P53 and Rb1 were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using a tissue microarray.ResultsAmong the 6304 patients, 127 (2.0%) had IM, and 138 (2.2%) had MPEC. Patients with IM were more likely to have an advanced pT (p < 0.001), pN (p < 0.001), more lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001) and neural invasion (p < 0.001). Additionally, patients with IM had an extremely poor prognosis compared to those with MPEC, with 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates of 18.9% and 56.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, IM was found to be an independent poor prognostic indicator for OS and DFS. In the IM group, all patients showed consistent p53 expression in both primary and IM foci. Of note, Rb1 loss was found in 3 pairs of primary foci and metastases, along with p53 nonsense mutation.ConclusionsPatients with IM had more risk factors and extremely worse prognosis than those with MPEC. It is essential to discriminate IM from MPEC when managing multifocal carcinomas. IHC staining of p53 and Rb1 may aid in differential diagnosis.
3D CRANI, a novel MR neurography sequence, can reliable visualise the extraforaminal cranial and occipital nerves
Authors: Casselman Jan , Van der Cruyssen Fréderic , Vanhove Frédéric , Peeters Ronald , Hermans Robert , Politis Constantinus , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
We aim to validate 3D CRANI, a novel high-field STIR TSE, MR neurography sequence in the visualisation of the extraforaminal cranial and occipital nerve branches on a 3-T system. Furthermore, we wish to evaluate the role of gadolinium administration and calculate nerve benchmark values for future reference.

Methods
Eleven consecutive patients underwent MR imaging including the 3D CRANI sequence before and immediately after intravenous gadolinium administration. Two observers rated suppression quality and nerve visualisation using Likert scales before and after contrast administration. Extraforaminal cranial and occipital nerves were assessed. Nerve calibers and signal intensities were measured at predefined anatomical landmarks, and apparent signal intensity ratios were calculated.

Results
The assessed segments of the cranial and occipital nerves could be identified in most cases. The overall intrarater agreement was 79.2% and interrater agreement was 82.7% (intrarater κ = .561, p < .0001; interrater κ = .642, p < .0001). After contrast administration, this significantly improved to an intrarater agreement of 92.7% and interrater agreement of 93.6% (intrarater κ = .688, p < .0001; interrater κ = .727, p < .0001).
Contrast administration improved suppression quality and significant changes in nerve caliber and signal intensity measurements. Nerve diameter and signal intensity benchmarking values were obtained.

Conclusion
3D CRANI is reliable for the visualization of the extraforaminal cranial and occipital nerves. Intravenous gadolinium significantly improves MR neurography when applying this sequence. Benchmarking data are published to allow future assessment of the 3D CRANI sequence in patients with pathology of the extraforaminal cranial and occipital nerves.

Key Points
• MR neurography using the 3D CRANI sequence is a reliable method to evaluate the extraforaminal cranial and occipital nerves.
• Gadolinium contrast administration significantly improves suppression quality and nerve visualisation.
• Benchmarking values including apparent signal intensity ratios and nerve calibers depend on contrast administration and might play an important role in future studies evaluating extraforaminal cranial and occipital neuropathies.
Singular Value Perturbation and Deep Network Optimization
Authors: Riedi Rudolf H. , Balestriero Randall , Baraniuk Richard G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe develop new theoretical results on matrix perturbation to shed light on the impact of architecture on the performance of a deep network. In particular, we explain analytically what deep learning practitioners have long observed empirically: the parameters of some deep architectures (e.g., residual networks, ResNets, and Dense networks, DenseNets) are easier to optimize than others (e.g., convolutional networks, ConvNets). Building on our earlier work connecting deep networks with continuous piecewise-affine splines, we develop an exact local linear representation of a deep network layer for a family of modern deep networks that includes ConvNets at one end of a spectrum and ResNets, DenseNets, and other networks with skip connections at the other. For regression and classification tasks that optimize the squared-error loss, we show that the optimization loss surface of a modern deep network is piecewise quadratic in the parameters, with local shape governed by the singular values of a matrix that is a function of the local linear representation. We develop new perturbation results for how the singular values of matrices of this sort behave as we add a fraction of the identity and multiply by certain diagonal matrices. A direct application of our perturbation results explains analytically why a network with skip connections (such as a ResNet or DenseNet) is easier to optimize than a ConvNet: thanks to its more stable singular values and smaller condition number, the local loss surface of such a network is less erratic, less eccentric, and features local minima that are more accommodating to gradient-based optimization. Our results also shed new light on the impact of different nonlinear activation functions on a deep network’s singular values, regardless of its architecture.
Effect of pulmonary vein isolation on rotor/multiple wavelet dynamics in persistent atrial fibrillation, association with vagal response and implications for adjunctive ablation
Authors: Nishimura Asuka , Harada Masahide , Ashihara Takashi , Nomura Yoshihiro , Motoike Yuji , Koshikawa Masayuki , Ito Takehiro , Watanabe Eiichi , Ozaki Yukio , Izawa Hideo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPersistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) may develop arrhythmogenic substrates of rotors/multiple wavelets. However, the ways in which pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) affects the dynamics of rotor/multiple wavelets in PeAF patients remain elusive. Real-time phase-mapping (ExTRa mapping, EXT) in the whole left atrium (LA) was performed during PeAF before and after PVI (n = 111). The percentage of time in which rotor/multiple wavelets (phase singularities) was observed during each 5-s phase-mapping recording (non-passive activation ratio, %NP) was measured as an index of its burden. The mapping areas showing %NP ≥ 50% were defined as rotor/multiple-wavelet substrates (RSs). Before PVI, RSs were globally distributed in the LA. After PVI, %NP decreased (< 50%) in many RSs (PVI-modifiable RSs) but remained high (≥ 50%) in some RSs, especially localized in the anterior/septum/inferior regions (PVI-unmodifiable RSs, 2.3 ± 1.0 areas/patient). Before PVI, vagal response (VR) to high-frequency stimulation was observed in 23% of RSs, especially localized in the inferior region. VR disappearance after PVI was more frequently observed in PVI-modifiable RSs (79%) than in PVI-unmodifiable RSs (55%, p < 0.05), suggesting that PVI affects autonomic nerve activities and rotor/multiple wavelet dynamics. PVI-unmodifiable RSs were adjunctively ablated in 104 patients. The 1-year AT/AF-free survival rate was 70% in those with PVI alone (n = 115), and 86% in patients with the adjunctive ablation (log-rank test = 7.65, p < 0.01). PVI suppresses not only ectopic firing but also rotor/multiple wavelets partly via modification of autonomic nerve activities. The adjunctive ablation of PVI-unmodifiable RSs improved the outcome in PeAF patients and might be a novel ablation strategy beyond PVI.