bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘They didnae tell you nothin’: The Failings of Sex Education, Antenatal Care, and Welfare Bureaucracies in Glasgow, c. 1970s–2000s
Authors: Greenlees Janet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Utilizing group oral histories from nineteen women who were pregnant and living in areas of social and economic deprivation in Glasgow, Scotland, between the late 1970s and early 2000s, this article analyses the difficulties the women faced in accessing information about pregnancy and welfare entitlements. It reveals a disconnect between women’s knowledge about reproduction and maternal health and welfare benefits and the political initiatives designed to improve antenatal care and pregnancy outcomes in Britain since the 1980 Short Report. This divide was widened by a broader Scottish culture of reticence around sex education and the ongoing moral influence of the churches. The article clarifies the class-blind English arguments within the patient consumer model that was promoted since the 1960s. It demonstrates how marginal groups were ill equipped to participate as patient consumers, either individually or as a collective group. More broadly, this article gives voice to an underrepresented group and highlights how these women utilized adaptive decision-making to navigate their pregnancy journeys in a society with uneven maternity and welfare provision and inhibitions about sex education. By highlighting the realities of marginality and lived experiences, it adds nuance to conventional welfare and policy histories.
Incisional Biopsy Technique Is Associated With Decreased Overall Survival for Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Liszewski Walter , Stewart Jacob R. , Vidal Nahid Y. , Demer Addison M. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Previous studies examining melanoma biopsy technique have not demonstrated an effect on overall survival.

OBJECTIVE
To examine overall survival of patients with cutaneous melanoma diagnosed by shave, punch, incisional, or excisional techniques from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Melanoma data from the 2004 to 2016 NCDB data set were analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to assess the risk of 5-year all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
In total, 42,272 cases of melanoma were reviewed, with 27,899 (66%) diagnosed by shave biopsy, 8,823 (20.9%) by punch biopsy, and 5,550 (13.1%) by incisional biopsy. Both the univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that tumors diagnosed by incisional biopsy had significantly (p = .001) lower overall 5-year survival compared with shave techniques (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.140, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.055 to 1.231). We found no difference (p = .109) between shave and punch biopsy techniques (HR 1.062, 95% CI 0.987–1.142) or between punch and incisional techniques (HR 1.074, 95% CI 0.979–1.177, p = .131).

CONCLUSION
Incisional biopsies were associated with decreased overall 5-year survival in the NCDB. No difference was observed between shave and punch biopsy techniques. These findings support current melanoma management guidelines.
Recurrence Rate for Melanoma Excised by Mohs Micrographic Surgery Without Immunostaining
Authors: Vieira Carlos , Jennings Tara , Renzi Michael A. , Lawrence Naomi , Decker Ashley 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma (CM) as multiple studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes for local recurrence and overall survival.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the outcomes of noninvasive (NIM) and invasive melanomas (IM) using MMS with fresh frozen sections. The primary outcome was local recurrence. The secondary outcome was to identify mean surgical margins based on tumor type and location.

METHODS
Retrospective cohort study of 224 cases of CM treated from 2006 to 2016 at a tertiary academic center with MMS and fresh frozen sections by a single Mohs surgeon.

RESULTS
The overall recurrence rate was 2.6% with a mean follow-up of 36.2 months. The recurrence rate for NIM versus IM was 1.6% and 7%, respectively. The mean margins for NIM and IM were 7.9 mm and 10.1 mm, respectively. These varied by tumor site and location.

CONCLUSION
This study supports the use of MMS in the treatment of CM and highlights how narrower surgical margins for NIM of the head and neck can be achieved without increasing risk of local recurrence.
Processing of pain by the developing brain: evidence of differences between adolescent and adult females
Authors: Tong Han , Maloney Thomas C. , Payne Michael F. , King Christopher D. , Ting Tracy V. , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita , Coghill Robert C. , López-Solà Marina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adolescence is a sensitive period for both brain development and the emergence of chronic pain particularly in females. However, the brain mechanisms supporting pain perception during adolescence remain unclear. This study compares perceptual and brain responses to pain in female adolescents and adults to characterize pain processing in the developing brain. Thirty adolescent (ages 13-17 years) and 30 adult (ages 35-55 years) females underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan involving acute pain. Participants received 12 ten-second noxious pressure stimuli that were applied to the left thumbnail at 2.5 and 4 kg/cm2, and rated pain intensity and unpleasantness on a visual analogue scale. We found a significant group-by-stimulus intensity interaction on pain ratings. Compared with adults, adolescents reported greater pain intensity and unpleasantness in response to 2.5 kg/cm2 but not 4 kg/cm2. Adolescents showed greater medial–lateral prefrontal cortex and supramarginal gyrus activation in response to 2.5 kg/cm2 and greater medial prefrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate responses to 4 kg/cm2. Adolescents showed greater pain-evoked responses in the neurologic pain signature and greater activation in the default mode and ventral attention networks. Also, the amygdala and associated regions played a stronger role in predicting pain intensity in adolescents, and activity in default mode and ventral attention regions more strongly mediated the relationship between stimulus intensity and pain ratings. This study provides first evidence of greater low-pain sensitivity and pain-evoked brain responses in female adolescents (vs adult women) in regions important for nociceptive, affective, and cognitive processing, which may be associated with differences in peripheral nociception.
Prenatally Diagnosed Lymphatic Malformations of the Head and Neck
Authors: Wang Nancy , Harris Jacqueline E. , Durand Rachelle , Le Leannec Isabelle C. , Vu Lan , Frieden Ilona J. , Rosbe Kristina W. , Czechowicz Josephine A. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
To describe prenatal diagnosis and perinatal management of patients with head and neck lymphatic malformations (LMs) at a tertiary fetal diagnostic and vascular anomalies center. To identify prenatal characteristics correlating with the need for airway intervention at birth. To describe postnatal clinical course in patients with prenatally diagnosed head and neck LMs.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all patients with head and neck LMs diagnosed in utero at a tertiary prenatal diagnostic center from 1996 to 2020 was performed. Prenatal records of pregnant patients and postnatal records of patients were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of need for extrauterine intrapartum treatment (EXIT) delivery and correlates of clinical outcomes.

Results:
Over the study period, 26 fetuses were diagnosed with LM of the head and neck, 15 of which survived the perinatal period. Outcomes in these survivors are reported including birth modality, DeSerres’ stage, duration and modality of treatment, complications, hospitalizations, and functional outcomes including need for tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube. The majority of patients (n = 8) were born via the EXIT modality. Almost half (n = 7) were DeSerres’ stage V. Prenatal imaging findings of neck vessel compression (p = 0.023) and tracheal deviation (p = 0.006) correlated with EXIT delivery. The most common treatment modalities were sclerotherapy (n = 14), surgery (n = 7), and sirolimus (n = 8).

Conclusions:
This study identified prenatal anatomic findings of tracheal deviation and neck vessel compression as factors associated with EXIT delivery. None of the patients in our series required tracheostomy during the EXIT procedure, although 20% eventually underwent tracheostomy. The majority of infants with prenatally diagnosed head and LMs required multimodality treatment with some combination of sclerotherapy, surgery, and medical management, as well as multidisciplinary care from our vascular anomalies team throughout the first years of life and beyond.
Survey of Adult Patients With Vascular Anomalies Reveals Acute Need of Adult Hematologists-Oncologists to Enter the Field
Authors: Iacobas Ionela , Singh Mallika , Finger Mellenee , Klepper Lisa K. , Blei Francine 
Published: March 2022

Background:
We have observed that adult patients with vascular anomalies often have limited access to specialists with expertise in vascular anomalies who can coordinate their care and prescribe medications, but evidence-supported statistics needed for advocacy efforts was not available.

Methods:
An anonymous survey was formulated for adult patients with vascular anomalies, in collaboration with patient advocacy groups. The survey included 50 questions with built-in logic and the entire project received Internal Board Review approval.

Results:
Two-hundred forty-nine surveys were completed and analyzed. Of the participants still receiving care from a pediatric provider, 97% had no plan for transitioning to an adult provider. Of those no longer able to receive care in a pediatric setting, 34% had abandoned searching for a physician willing to provide care and 45% had no consistent care provider for their vascular anomaly. Sixty percent were seeing providers who had no specific interest or training in VAs. Of all respondents, 35% were evaluated in the emergency room due to VA complications at least once in the past year (8% >3 times) and 28% were admitted to the hospital at least once in the past year due to the vascular anomaly (3% >3 times).

Conclusion:
We collected evidence-supported documentation that adults with vascular anomalies are not part of an integrated care plan. Adult trained hematology-oncologists are essential and needed to join the dermatology, surgical, and radiology interdisciplinary teams managing this cohort of patients.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate on functional outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a post-hoc analysis of a French and North-American dataset
Authors: Touron Maxime , Javaudin François , Lebastard Quentin , Baert Valentine , Heidet Mathieu , Hubert Hervé , Leclere Brice , Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste ,   for the RéAC Network
Published: March 2022

Background and importance
No large randomised controlled trial has assessed the potential benefits on neurologic outcomes of prehospital sodium bicarbonate administration in patients with nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Objective
To obtain information of assistance in designing a randomised controlled trial of bicarbonate therapy after OHCA in specific patient subgroups.

Design
We conducted two, separate, simultaneous, retrospective studies of two distinct, unlinked datasets.

Setting and participants
One dataset was a French nationwide population-based registry (RéAC Registry, French dataset) and the other was a randomised controlled trial comparing continuous to interrupted chest compressions in North America (ROC-CCC trial, North-American dataset).

Intervention
We investigated whether prehospital bicarbonate administration was associated with better neurologic outcomes.

Outcome measures and analyses
The main outcome measure was the functional outcome at hospital discharge. To adjust for potential confounders, we conducted a nested propensity-score-matched analysis with inverse probability-of-treatment weighting.

Main results
In the French dataset, of the 54 807 patients, 1234 (2.2%) received sodium bicarbonate and 450 were matched. After propensity-score matching, sodium bicarbonate was not associated with a higher likelihood of favourable functional outcomes on day 30 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.912; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 0.501–1.655]. In the North-American dataset, of the 23 711 included patients, 4902 (20.6%) received sodium bicarbonate and 1238 were matched. After propensity-score matching, sodium bicarbonate was associated with a lower likelihood of favourable functional outcomes at hospital discharge (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34–0.58).

Conclusion
In patients with OHCA, prehospital sodium bicarbonate administration was not associated with neurologic outcomes in a French dataset and was associated with worse neurologic outcomes in a North-American dataset. Given the considerable variability in sodium bicarbonate use by different prehospital care systems and the potential resuscitation-time bias in the present study, a large randomised clinical trial targeting specific patient subgroups may be needed to determine whether sodium bicarbonate has a role in the prehospital management of prolonged OHCA.
Selective Control of Parasitic Nematodes Using Bioactivated Nematicides
Authors: Burns Andrew R. , Ross Rachel J. , Kitner Megan , Volpatti Jonathan R. , Vaidya Aditya S. , Puumala Emily , Palmeira Bruna M. , Redman Elizabeth M. , Snider Jamie , Marwah Sagar , Chung Sai W. , MacDonald Margaret H. , Tiefenbach Jens , Hu Chun , Xiao Qi , Finney Constance A. M. , Krause Henry M. , MacParland Sonya A. , Stagljar Igor , Gilleard John S. , Cowen Leah E. , Meyer Susan L. F. , Cutler Sean R. , Dowling James J. , Lautens Mark , Zasada Inga , Roy Peter J. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTParasitic nematodes are a major threat to global food security, particularly as the world amasses 10 billion people amidst limited arable land. Most traditional nematicides have been banned due to poor nematode-selectivity, leaving farmers with inadequate controls. Here, we use the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to identify a family of selective imidazothiazole nematicides, called selectivins, that undergo cytochrome p450-dependent bioactivation exclusively in nematodes. At low parts-per-million concentrations, selectivins perform comparably well with commercial nematicides to control root infection by Meloidogyne incognita – the world’s most destructive plant-parasitic nematode. Tests against a wide range of phylogenetically diverse non-target systems demonstrate that selectivins are more nematode-selective than nearly all marketed nematicides. Thus, selectivins are first-in-class bioactivated nematode controls that provide efficacy as well as much-needed nematode selectivity.
cgRNASP: coarse-grained statistical potentials with residue separation for RNA structure evaluation
Authors: Tan Ya-Lan , Wang Xunxun , Yu Shixiong , Zhang Bengong , Tan Zhi-Jie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKnowledge-based statistical potentials are very important for RNA 3-dimensional (3D) structure prediction and evaluation. In recent years, various coarse-grained (CG) and all-atom models have been developed for predicting RNA 3D structures, while there is still lack of reliable CG statistical potentials not only for CG structure evaluation but also for all-atom structure evaluation at high efficiency. In this work, we have developed a series of residue-separation-based CG statistical potentials at different CG levels for RNA 3D structure evaluation, namely cgRNASP, which is composed of long-ranged and short-ranged interactions by residue separation. Compared with the newly developed all-atom rsRNASP, the short-ranged interaction in cgRNASP was involved more subtly and completely through explicitly adding the interactions between nearest neighbor residues and between next-nearest ones. Our examinations show that, the performance of cgRNASP varies with CG levels and compared with rsRNASP, cgRNASP can have similarly good performance for extensive test datasets and slightly better performance for the realistic RNA-Puzzles dataset. Furthermore, cgRNASP is strikingly more efficient than all-atom potentials such as rsRNASP, and can be apparently superior to other all-atom statistical potentials and scoring functions trained from neural networks for the RNA-Puzzles dataset. cgRNASP is available at https://github.com/Tan-group/cgRNASP.
Crumbs complex-directed apical membrane dynamics in epithelial cell ingression
Authors: Simões Sérgio , Lerchbaumer Gerald , Pellikka Milena , Giannatou Paraskevi , Lam Thomas , Kim Dohyun , Yu Jessica , Stal David ter , Kakouni Kenana Al , Fernandez-Gonzalez Rodrigo , Tepass Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEpithelial cells often leave their tissue context and ingress to form new cell types or acquire migratory ability to move to distant sites during development and tumor progression. Cell lose their apical membrane and epithelial adherens junctions during ingression. However, how factors that organize apical-basal polarity contribute to ingression is unknown. Here, we show that the dynamic regulation of the apical Crumbs polarity complex is crucial for normal neural stem cell ingression. Crumbs endocytosis and recycling allow ingression to occur in a normal timeframe. During early ingression, Crumbs and its complex partner the RhoGEF Cysts support myosin and apical constriction to ensure robust ingression dynamics. During late ingression, the E3-ubiquitin ligase Neuralized facilitates the disassembly of the Crumbs complex and the rapid endocytic removal of the apical cell domain. Our findings reveal a mechanism integrating cell fate, apical polarity, endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, and actomyosin contractility to promote cell ingression, a fundamental morphogenetic process observed in animal development and cancer.
Probiotic responder identification in cross-over trials for constipation using a Bayesian statistical model considering lags between intake and effect periods
Authors: Hosoda Shion , Nishimoto Yuichiro , Yamauchi Yohsuke , Yamada Takuji , Hamada Michiaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent advances in microbiome research have led to the further development of microbial interventions, such as probiotics and prebiotics, which are potential treatments for constipation. However, the effects of probiotics vary from person to person; therefore, the effectiveness of probiotics needs to be verified for each individual. Individuals showing significant effects of the target probiotic are called responders. A statistical model for the evaluation of responders was proposed in a previous study. However, the previous model does not consider the lag between intake and effect periods of the probiotic. It is expected that the lag exists when probiotics are administered and when they are effective. In this study, we propose a Bayesian statistical model to estimate the probability that a subject is a responder, by considering the lag between intake and effect periods. In synthetic dataset experiments, the proposed model was found to outperform the base model, which did not factor in the lag. Further, we found that the proposed model could distinguish responders showing large uncertainty in terms of the lag between intake and effect periods.
Replacing bar graphs of continuous data with more informative graphics: Are we making progress?
Authors: Riedel Nico , Schulz Robert , Kazezian Vartan , Weissgerber Tracey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent work has raised awareness about the need to replace bar graphs of continuous data with informative graphs showing the data distribution. The impact of these efforts is not known. This observational meta-research study examined how often scientists in different fields use various graph types, and assessed whether visualization practices have changed between 2010 and 2020. We developed and validated an automated screening tool, designed to identify bar graphs of counts or proportions, bar graphs of continuous data, bar graphs with dot plots, dot plots, box plots, violin plots, histograms, pie charts, and flow charts. Papers from 23 fields (approximately 1,000 papers/field/year) were randomly selected from PubMed Central and screened (n=227,998). F1 scores for different graphs ranged between 0.83 and 0.95 in the internal validation set. While the tool also performed well in external validation sets, F1 scores were lower for uncommon graphs. Bar graphs are more often used incorrectly to display continuous data than they are used correctly to display counts or proportions. The proportion of papers that use bar graphs of continuous data varies markedly across fields (range in 2020: 4%-58%), with high rates in biochemistry and cell biology, complementary and alternative medicine, physiology, genetics, oncology and carcinogenesis, pharmacology, microbiology and immunology. Visualization practices have improved in some fields in recent years. Fewer than 25% of papers use flow charts, which provide information about attrition and the risk of bias. This study highlights the need for continued interventions to improve visualization and identifies fields that would benefit most.
R-BIND 2.0: An Updated Database of Bioactive RNA-Targeting Small Molecules and Associated RNA Secondary Structures
Authors: Donlic Anita , Swanson Emily G. , Chiu Liang-Yuan , Wicks Sarah L. , Juru Aline Umuhire , Cai Zhengguo , Kassam Kamillah , Laudeman Chris , Sanaba Bilva G. , Sugarman Andrew , Han Eunseong , Tolbert Blanton S. , Hargrove Amanda E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiscoveries of RNA roles in cellular physiology and pathology are raising the need for new tools that modulate the structure and function of these biomolecules, and small molecules are proving useful. In 2017, we curated theRNA-targetedBIoactive ligaNdDatabase (R-BIND) and discovered distinguishing physicochemical properties of RNA-targeting ligands, leading us to propose the existence of an “RNA-privileged” chemical space. Biennial updates of the database and the establishment of a website platform (rbind.chem.duke.edu) have provided new insights and tools to design small molecules based on the analyzed physicochemical and spatial properties. In this report and R-BIND 2.0 update, we refined the curation approach and ligand classification system as well as conducted analyses of RNA structure elements for the first time to identify new targeting strategies. Specifically, we curated and analyzed RNA target structural motifs to determine properties of small molecules that may confer selectivity for distinct RNA secondary and tertiary structures. Additionally, we collected sequences of target structures and incorporated an RNA Structure Search algorithm into the website that outputs small molecules targeting similar motifs withouta priorisecondary structure knowledge. Cheminformatic analyses revealed that, despite the 50% increase in small molecule library size, the distinguishing properties of R-BIND ligands remained significantly different to that of proteins and are therefore still relevant to RNA-targeted probe discovery. Combined, we expect these novel insights and website features to enable rational design of RNA-targeted ligands and to serve as a resource and inspiration for a variety of scientists interested in RNA targeting.