bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric considerations for pharmacogenetic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors clinical decision support
Authors: Liu Michelle , Rossow Katelyn M. , Maxwell‐Horn Angela C. , Saucier Leigh Ann , Van Driest Sara L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPharmacogenetic testing for psychiatry is growing at a rapid pace, with multiple sites utilizing results to help clinical decision‐making. Genotype‐guided dosing and drug selection have been implemented at several sites, including Vanderbilt University Medical Center, where clinical decision support (CDS) based on pharmacogenetic results went live for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in 2020 for both adult and pediatric patients. Effective and appropriate implementation of CYP2D6‐ and CYP2C19‐guided CDS for the pediatric population requires consideration of the evidence for the pharmacogenetic associations, medication indications, and appropriate alternative therapies to be used when a pharmacogenetic contraindication is identified. In this article, we review these pediatric pharmacogenetic considerations for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor CDS. We include a case study, the current literature supporting clinical recommendations, considerations when designing pediatric CDS, future implications, and examples of sertraline, (es)citalopram, paroxetine, and fluvoxamine alerts.
The silver learning curve for photovoltaics and projected silver demand for net‐zero emissions by 2050
Authors: Hallam Brett , Kim Moonyong , Zhang Yuchao , Wang Li , Lennon Alison , Verlinden Pierre , Altermatt Pietro P. , Dias Pablo R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe clean energy transition could see the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaics increase from 1 TW before the end of 2022 to 15–60 TW by 2050, creating a significant silver demand risk. Here, we present a silver learning curve for the photovoltaic industry with a learning rate of 20.3 ± 0.8%. Maintaining business as usual with a dominance of p‐type technology could require over 20% of the current annual silver supply by 2027 and a cumulative 450–520 kt of silver until 2050, approximately 85–98% of the current global silver reserves. A rapid transition to higher efficiency tunnel oxide passivated contact and silicon heterojunction cell technologies in their present silver‐intensive forms could increase and accelerate silver demand. As we approach annual production capacities of over 1 TW by 2030, addressing the silver issue requires increased efforts in research and development to increase the silver learning rate by 30%, with existing silver‐lean and silver‐free metallisation approaches including copper plating and screen‐printing of aluminium and copper.
Longitudinal perspective of the stigmatization of secondary school dropouts
Authors: Kim Young Ae , Lee Dong Hun , Heo So Jung , Kim Min Ji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis longitudinal study retrospectively explored the stigmatization experienced by 47 young adults in South Korea in early mid‐20s who dropped out of middle or high school. Data were collected at two time points. Using thematic analysis, we categorized their experience of stigma into public and self‐stigma, based on Corrigan and Kosyluk's (2014) social cognitive model of stigma. Each form of stigma is further subdivided into stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. We identified additional factors related to coping with the stigma. Based on the findings, the potential implications of characterizing the stigma experienced by middle and high school dropouts are discussed from a longitudinal perspective.
How dependent basic events with interval‐valued probabilities affect fault tree analysis
Authors: Chang Qi , Zhou Changcong , Zhao Haodong , Wang Wenxuan , Yue Zhufeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of the dependence state between basic events (BEs) on fault tree analysis (FTA) when the probabilities of events are characterized by interval values. The well‐known Frèchent bounds are extended for modeling six different types of dependence states between BEs. Three indices, called average dependence effect (ADE), location effect (LE) and size effect (SE), are defined for evaluating the effect of the dependence states between BEs on the probability of top event (TE) and identifying influential and non‐influential dependence states. Then, the proposed method is applied to fault tree (FT) examples, thereby explaining the dependence problem in FTA. To further verify the practicability of the method, FTA of the unilateral asymmetric movement failure of an aircraft flap mechanism is performed. The results show that: (i) the opposite and negative dependence contribute to the reliability of a parallel system while the perfect and positive dependence reduce it, (ii) the perfect and positive dependence contribute to the reliability of a series system while the opposite and negative dependence reduce it, and (iii) parallel systems are more reliable than series systems regardless of the dependence between BEs.
School‐based interventions for preventing dating and relationship violence and gender‐based violence: A systematic review and synthesis of theories of change
Authors: Orr Noreen , Chollet Annah , Rizzo Andrew J. , Shaw Naomi , Farmer Caroline , Young Honor , Rigby Emma , Berry Vashti , Bonell Chris , Melendez‐Torres G. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSchool‐based interventions for preventing dating and relationship violence (DRV) and gender‐based violence (GBV) are an important way of attempting to prevent and reduce the significant amount of DRV and GBV that occurs in schools. A theoretical understanding of how these interventions are likely to cause change is essential for developing and evaluating effectiveness, so developing an overarching theory of change for school‐based interventions to prevent DRV and GBV was the first step in our systematic review. Theoretical data were synthesised from 68 outcome evaluations using methods common to qualitative synthesis. Specifically, we used a meta‐ethnographic approach to develop a line‐of‐argument for an overarching theory of change and Markham and Aveyard's (2003, Social Science & Medicine, 56, 1209) theory of human functioning and school organisation as a framework for structuring the concepts. The overall theory of change generated was that by strengthening relationships between and among staff and students, between the classroom and the wider school, and between schools and communities, and by increasing students' sense of belonging with student‐centred learning opportunities, schools would encourage student commitment to the school and its values, prosocial behaviour and avoidance of violence and aggression. The theory of human functioning informed our understanding of the mechanisms of action but from our analysis we found that it required refinement to address the importance of context and student agency.
Command filtered adaptive tracking control of nonlinear systems with prescribed performance under time‐variant parameters and input delay
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Ge Yaowen , Deng Wenxiang , Yao Jianyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, a command filtered asymptotic adaptive prescribed performance control method is presented for nonlinear systems with time‐variant parameters, input delay, and external disturbances. The feature of the concerned system is more general and practical, which makes the controller development more complicated. By exquisitely constructing a set of auxiliary systems, both the command filtered errors and input delay are actively compensated simultaneously. Then a smooth nonlinear term with an updated gain is introduced into the controller design to concurrently compensate for time‐variant parameters and external disturbances. With the integration of the command filtered technique, the adaptive control and the prescribed performance function, a command filter‐based adaptive prescribed performance control framework is skillfully exploited, in which tracking errors of all the states are restricted into the preset regions. Based on the Lyapunov theory, both the transient and zero‐error asymptotic convergence performance can be guaranteed with the developed control method. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the preponderance of the exploited approach.
Does residue incorporation influence available nitrogen release from cereal rye and tillage radish cover crops under controlled conditions?
Authors: Greub Kelsey L. H. , Roberts Trenton L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) captured by cover crops can be recycled for use by the following crop via decomposition and net mineralization. This study assessed the magnitude of inorganic‐N released from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) residue. The experiment was designed using a five by two factorial treatment structure with five cover crop residue treatments (radish shoots, radish roots, whole radish, cereal rye shoots, and no cover crop) and two levels of residue incorporation (incorporated and surface applied). Cover crop residues were applied to a silt loam soil on an equivalent N basis, incubated for 25 weeks and sampled periodically. Generally, NH4‐N concentration increased for 7–11 days after residue application, after which, NH4‐N concentration declined and NO3‐N concentration increased due to nitrification. Mineralization during the later days (42–179 days after residue application) was negligible from radish residue, but cereal rye shoots and radish roots released significant amounts of NH4‐N, which decreased over the last 137 d. Radish roots generated significantly more NO3‐N from day 42 through 141 than any other residue, while cereal rye shoots mineralized the least amount of NO3‐N from day 42 through 86. Incorporating cereal rye residue increases the occurrence of immobilization within the first 35 days after residue application; however, incorporation increases the rate at which NO3‐N is released from residues between 42 and 179 days after residue addition, regardless of cover crop species. Incorporation of residue can increase N mineralization rate, but the effect varies across cover crop species.
Surface ferromagnetism of complex defects lead‐free ferroelectric Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 materials
Authors: Lam Vu Tien , Thoan Nguyen Hoang , Trung Nguyen Ngoc , Van Duong Quoc , Dung Dang Duc 
Published: December 2022

The complex surface defects induced magnetic properties of lead‐free ferroelectric Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (110) materials system are investigated by using the density‐functional theory. Various types of surface defects were considered for calculation, including antisite, vacancies and interstitial defects. The calculated results indicated that a perfect Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (110) surface produced zero magnetic moments. The conduction band was mostly contributed from Bi‐6p and Ti‐3d levels, where the valence band was built from O‐2p. The antisite defects where Na replaced for Bi‐site induced nonzero magnetic moments because of unsymmetrical spin O‐2p up and O‐2p down. While, the observation in nonzero magnetic moment of antisite defects Bi substitute for Na‐site were originated from Ti‐3d and Na‐2s. The Na and Bi vacancies on the surface were tuned to the ferromagnetic because of the unsymmetrical contribution of O‐2p, while the Ti and O vacancies were not. The Na and Bi surface interstitials induced the magnetic moments because of the contribution of the difference between Ti‐3d and Bi‐6p, respectively, while the Ti and O surface interstitials not induced the magnetic moments. We expected that our results could help to control chemical defects in new green multiferroic materials for smart electronic devices.
Size and Shape Exclusion in 2D Silicon Dioxide Membranes
Authors: Dementyev Petr , Khayya Neita , Zanders David , Ennen Inga , Devi Anjana , Altman Eric I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract2D membranes such as artificially perforated graphene are deemed to bring great advantages for molecular separation. However, there is a lack of structure‐property correlations in graphene membranes as neither the atomic configurations nor the number of introduced sub‐nanometer defects are known precisely. Recently, bilayer silica has emerged as an inherent 2D membrane with an unprecedentedly high areal density of well‐defined pores. Mass transfer experiments with free‐standing SiO2 bilayers demonstrated a strong preference for condensable fluids over inert species, and the measured membrane selectivity revealed a key role of intermolecular forces in ångstrom‐scale openings. In this study, vapor permeation measurements are combined with quantitative adsorption experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to get insights into the mechanism of surface‐mediated transport in vitreous 2D silicon dioxide. The membranes are shown to exhibit molecular sieving performance when exposed to vaporous methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and tert‐butanol. The results are normalized to the coverage of physisorbed molecules and agree well with the calculated energy barriers.
Privacy‐preserving hands‐free voice authentication leveraging edge technology
Authors: Alattar Zaid Sh. , Abbes Tarek , Zerai Faouzi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough speech recognition technology has improved significantly over the past few years, the absence of reliable voice authentication methods has negatively affected the Internet of Things (IoT). Voice‐activated devices, by design, rely on personal voice biometrics for access‐level security, and insecure voice authentication techniques limit the development of voice interfaces that can deal with multiple users with different privileges. Furthermore, public concerns surrounding biometric systems have been reported. Outsourcing biometric data are liable to various privacy breaches, increasing vulnerability to cyberattacks from both criminal organizations and government agencies. In this article, we address the security and privacy challenges of voice authentication for IoT by presenting an edge‐based, hands‐free, single‐factor authentication scheme that consists of three security‐based features: random phrase verification, anti‐spoof verification, and text‐independent speaker recognition. The use of edge technology allows the integration of this authentication scheme with resource contained IoT devices such as voice assistants. Additionally, privacy is ensured by a novel security protocol that uses chaffing and encryption techniques to protect the users' biometric data stored locally on the edge device. Finally, the scheme does not compromise the user experience as it requires only two short voice inputs.
A Meta‐Analysis Study: The Impact of Amylose Content on Resistant Starch Levels in Carbohydrate Sources with Heat Moisture Treatment
Authors: Damaiyanti Sanaz , Faridah Didah Nur , Indrasti Dias , Jayanegara Anuraga , Afandi Frendy Ahmad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeat moisture treatment (HMT) is a physical starch modification method, and one of its applications is to change resistant starch (RS) level. Previous studies have found that amylose content can increase RS level with HMT. Using a meta‐analysis approach, this study evaluates the effect of amylose content on RS level of various carbohydrate sources using HMT. From 24 relevant studies in the meta‐analysis, 102 sets of data are analyzed using effect size hedges'd. A significant increase in RS level is shown at 20% < x ≤ 30%, of amylose content in starch and flour groups. However, there is no significant impact at the amylose content of 0% ≤ x ≤ 10%, 10% < x ≤ 20%, and 30% < x ≤ 40%, x > 40% in the starch group and x > 40% in the flour group.
Genetic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Norway rats in Boston, Massachusetts
Authors: Gerbig Gracen R. , Piontkivska Helen , Smith Tara C. , White Ruairi , Mukherjee Jean , Benson Hayley , Rosenbaum Marieke , Leibler Jessica H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the importance of domesticated animals in the generation and transmission of antibiotic‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the role of wild animals, specifically rodents, in the ecology of S. aureus remains unclear. We recovered and genotyped S. aureus isolates from wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Boston, Massachusetts to examine genetic relationships between common human and animal S. aureus isolates in a large US metropolitan area.MethodsWe collected and necropsied 63 rats from June 2016 to June 2017. Nasal, foot pad, fur, and fecal swabs were collected. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated using culture‐based methods and polymerase chain reaction confirmation. S. aureus isolates were spa typed, tested for antibiotic susceptibility, and whole genome sequenced. Assembled sequences were uploaded to the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database to identify antibiotic resistance elements. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor‐joining method with the maximum composite likelihood distance in MEGA7.ResultsWe recovered 164 Gram‐positive bacterial isolates from Norway rats. Nineteen isolates from eight individual rats were confirmed as S. aureus (prevalence: 12.9% (8/63)). All S. aureus isolates were methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), pvl‐negative, and resistant to penicillin. Two isolates displayed resistance to erythromycin. Four different S. aureus spa types were detected (t933, t10751, t18202, and t189). Thirteen unique antibiotic resistance elements were identified, and all isolates shared genes mepR, mgrA, arlR, and S. aureus norA. Phylogenetic analysis if the 19 S. aureus isolates revealed they were genetically similar to four clades of S. aureus with similar resistance gene profiles isolated from both human‐ and animal‐derived S. aureus, as well as formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster composed only of rat isolates.ConclusionsWild rodents may serve as a reservoir or vector of antibiotic resistance genes in the urban environment with relevance for human and animal health.
Exploring the effects of organic loading rate and domestic wastewater treatment by algal‐bacterial granules under natural daylight conditions
Authors: Vincent Francis , Rao Toleti Subba , Kumar Rajesh , Nancharaiah Yarlagadda Venkata 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlgal‐bacterial granules or phototrophic granules (PGs) comprising phototrophic microorganisms and bacteria are explored in wastewater treatment for achieving both environmental and economic sustainability. This study describes development of PGs and their use in biological treatment of synthetic and real domestic wastewater (sewage) under natural daylight conditions and low organic loading rate (OLR). Development of PGs was sequentially recorded in a photobioreactor operated in photo‐sequencing batch reactor (photo‐SBR) mode at a low OLR of 1 kgCOD.m−3.day−1 and the developed PGs was evaluated for treating synthetic wastewater and real municipal wastewater with 0.14 kg COD m−3.day−1. PGs formed in the photo‐sequential batch reactor (SBR) were compact and dense and exhibited excellent settling properties. The removal efficiencies were determined to be up to 95%, 93%, 97%, 72%, and 88% for turbidity, COD, TOC, NH4+‐N, and NO2−‐N/NO3−‐N, respectively. Additionally, a reduction in total viable bacterial counts and fecal coliform bacteria up to 1.7 × 103 and 7.8 × 102 cfu.mL−1, respectively, during treatment of real municipal wastewater was achieved. This study demonstrated cultivation of algal‐bacterial granules or PGs and their application for treating real municipal wastewater under natural daylight and tropical climate conditions. Further studies are needed on understanding interactions among phototrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic microorganisms of complex algal‐bacterial consortium for emerging applications in bioremediation and wastewater treatment.Practitioner Points

Phototrophic granules (PGs) were cultivated from algal consortium and activated sludge inoculum in photo sequencing batch reactors.
Granular photobioreactor was operated at low OLR of 1 kgCOD.m3.day−1 for developing well‐settling algal‐bacterial granules.
PGs were stable and showed efficient biological treatment of synthetic wastewater and real sewage.
Removals for turbidity, pathogens, and ammonium were at 95%, 3‐log, and 72%, respectively, from real sewage.
Slow Violence and Slow Going: Encountering Beckett in the Time of Climate Catastrophe
Authors: Salisbury Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter reads Beckett’s notable fascination with what Steven Connor has called ‘slow going’ alongside Rob Nixon’s description of the ‘slow violence’ of climate breakdown. Following Nixon’s suggestion that ‘slow violence’ does not register readily in narrative models concerned with spectacular events and the tempos and logics of crisis, I examine Beckett’s attention to what remains in a paradoxically stuck and ongoing time. Suggesting that Beckett’s work sticks with and witnesses catastrophe rather than the temporality of crisis, the chapter uses The Lost Ones to explore Beckett’s commitment to staying with a disaster that cannot be overcome, alongside the articulation of a giving up that is not a decision but part of a compulsion or drive to go on. Using Beckett’s interest in Freud’s idea of the death drive, I suggest that Beckett’s later texts work through materialisations of attachment and dependence as a way of thinking with and living with, rather than denying or repressing, the reality of the ‘nothing to be done’.
Impacts and Threats of Marine Litter in African Seas
Authors: Arabi Sumaiya , Neehaul Yashvin , Sparks Conrad 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWith a focus on plastic pollution, this chapter discusses the impacts of marine litter on the natural environment, the people and the economies of Africa. The impacts of marine litter will depend on various factors such as distribution, exposure time, size and type of organism. This chapter focusses on different impacts of marine litter at various scales, from ocean to coast, as well as more localised scales. The emphasis is on the coastal countries of the African continent, where information from Africa is lacking, and relevant data from other regions is used to infer possible impacts. Throughout this chapter, the environmental, social, economic and human impacts are discussed separately, although it should be remembered that these topics are intimately interlinked.