bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Adding Bio-Fertilizer and Spraying Nano - and Chelated Iron Fertilizer on the Nutrient Content of Orange Seedling Leaves
Authors: Obaid Al-Shahbani Ismail Razak , Abu Al-Mikh Al-Mamouri Muhammad Tarkhan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study was carried out in the certified citrus propagation nursery of the Horticultural and Forestry Company in Al-Hindiya District / Holy Karbala Governorate during the period 20/4/ up to 20/8/2021, in order to study the effect of adding bio-fertilizer and spraying nano and chelated iron fertilizers on the content of orange seedlings leaves of the elements food. The experiment included three factors, the first biological fertilizing factor, adding ground at four levels, which are (the comparison treatment, azotobacter, mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal fungi + azotobacter). It is the spraying of chelated iron in three levels (zero, 3, and 6 g / liter). A factorial experiment was carried out with a Randomized Complete Block Design, and the averages of traits were compared with the L.S.D. test at the 5% probability level. The results indicated: The biofertilization treatment (Mycorrhizal fungus+ Azotobacter bacteria). And the spraying treatment with nano iron fertilizer (3 g. L-1) was significantly superior in the content of orange seedlings leaves of nutrients (Zn,Fe,K,P,N) and the spraying treatment was The chelated iron fertilizer (6g.l-1) showed the same behavior and showed significant differences in the content of nutrients in the leaves. It gave the highest concentrations of the studied elements. The dual interactions between the study factors gave significant differences in the school characteristics, as it gave the treatment (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spraying of nano iron (3 g. L-1), and biological fertilization (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spraying of chelated iron (6 g. L-1), And (nano iron spray (3 g.l-1) + chelated iron spray (6g.l-1) the highest values are superior to the rest of the treatments and reached (2.58%, 0.68%, 2.81%, 300.79 mg. kg-1. dry weight, 42.80 mg. kg-1.d.w.) (2.55%, 0.64%, 2.97%, 297.79 mg. kg-1. d.w., 42.19 mg. kg-1. d.w.) (2.49%, 0.62%, 2.74%, 256.17 mg kg-1 dry weight, 39.66 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively, gave the triple interaction treatment (Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) + spray of nano iron (3 g. L-1) + spray of chelated iron (6 g). L-1) was significantly superior in leaf content of the studied elements, and it reached (2.77%, 0.75%, 3.20%, 309.17 mg. kg-1. dry weight, 49.40 mg. kg-1. dry weight), respectively.
Effect of Pseudomonas putida, Compost, and Humus on the Growth and Yield of Tomato
Authors: Abdul Ali Haitham Mohsen , Kadhm Kamal Jawad Abdul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the growth and yield of protected tomatoes under the influence of biofertilizers, compost, and Humus. Two levels of bacterial fertilizer (S0 and S1), three levels of compost (C0, C1, andC2) t/ha-1, and three levels of Humus (H0, H1, and H2) kg/t. The traits of plant height, chlorophyll, vitamin C, and total yield were measured. The experiment was applied according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results present the efficacy of the treatment (S1 + C2 + H2) compared to the control treatment by resulting in the highest average of the studied traits: plant height, chlorophyll, vitamin C, total yield 109.50 cm/plant-1, 66.25 mg/100g-1 fresh weight, 29.23 mg/100ml-1*juice, 8.90 t/ha-1, respectively
Effect of Rhizobium Leguminosarum Inoculum, Rice Hulls, and Urea Fertilizer on the Availability of Phosphorous and Potassium for the Growth and Yield of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Hussein Saja Nadhim , Kadhim Kamal Jawad Abdul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aiming to investigate the effect of Rhizobium Leguminosarum inoculum, rice hulls, and urea fertilizer on the availability of phosphorous and potassium regarding the growth and yield traits of broad bean plant (Vicia faba L.), a field trial was carried out during the autumn agricultural season 2021 in Al-Daghara district, 17 km north of the center of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate-Iraq. Two levels of Rhizobium Leguminosarum (R0) the control, and (R1) bacterial inoculation, three levels of organic fertilizer (rice hulls) S0, S3, and S5 t/ha-1, and three levels of urea fertilizer (U0, U50, and U75) kg/ha-1 and their overlap, were used and studied. The results of the interaction treatment (bacterial inoculum + rice hulls (5 t/ha-1) + urea fertilizer (75 t/ha-1)) yielded the highest significant increase in the traits of root-knot number, root-knot weight, potassium concentration, phosphorous concentration) compared to the control, 23,851 knots/ plant, 0.550 / 122.6 kg.soil-1 and 23.812 kg/soil-1, respectively.
The Use of Modern Irrigation Methods with Different Depletion Levels and Its Impact on the Physical Traits of Soil
Authors: Oudah Bayadir Merza , Abed Al-Kellabi Hussein Gatheeth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study was conducted in one of the fields of Babylon province, Hilla District - Al-Wardiya area, with clay loam soil, during the autumn season of 2021 with the aim of studying the effect of using modern irrigation methods with different levels of depletion and its effect on the physical properties of the soil. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)was used according to the arrangement of the split plots and three replicates, The main plots included the treatment of depletion levels and the sub plots of irrigation systems, and the treatments were distributed on the experimental plots in a random manner. The irrigation systems included three levels of Sub-surface Drip Irrigation - surface drip irrigation - surface irrigation in furrows, and the levels of depletion for each treatment were 20%, 40% and 60%.The highest bulk density was obtained at subsurface drip irrigation plants at a drain level of 60%, and the lowest value when subsurface drip irrigation at a level of 20%. There was no significant difference between the treatments and levels studied in the experiment. The results of the statistical analysis also showed that there were no significant differences between the values of the total porosity of the studied treatments and there was no significant effect on the bi-interaction between the experimental treatments and mean weight diameter, where it reached the highest value for surface irrigation and the lowest value for subsurface drip irrigation. There was a significant effect in the values of saturated water conductivity between the experimental treatments at different levels, and it reached the highest value at I1M2.
The Role of Fertilization with Nano-Zinc Oxide on the Growth and Yield of Wheat in Calcareous Desert Soil
Authors: Alenzy Ahmed F. M. , Al-Hadethi Akram A. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the source and level of addition of nano-zinc oxide on the growth and yield of IPA-99 wheat cultivar grown in desert soil conditions and compare it with regular zinc fertilizers. Fertilizers were sprayed on the soil, the nano-fertilizers included three sources of zinc, nano-metallic zinc oxide (ZnnO), zinc-chelated nano-fertilizer ZnnDTPA, and nano-zinc humate (ZnnHA). The nano-fertilizers were added at levels of 1 and 2 kg ha-1. Whereas the regular zinc fertilizers, ZnO, ZnDTPA, and ZnHA, were added at a level of 4 and 8 kg ha-1 in addition to the control treatment without addition. After harvest, the grain yield, straw yield, and the concentration of zinc, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in the wheat grain were estimated. The results showed that zinc nano fertilizers had a significant effect in increasing the studied plant traits compared to the control treatment, Zinc humate nano fertilizer gave the highest increase in all studied plant traits among the nano-fertilizers, as it achieved an increase in grain yield, straw yield, zinc, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentrations in grains by 45.36%, 57.01%, 409.43%, 42.36%, 98.20%, and 38.56 % respectively over the control treatment. The zinc nano-fertilizers had a significant effect on increasing the yield of grains and the concentration of nitrogen and potassium in the grains compared to the regular zinc fertilizers. While the results showed there was no significant difference in straw yield and the concentration of zinc and phosphorous in the grains between nano and normal zinc fertilizer.
Impact of Nano and Non-Nano Iron on Growth and Nutritional Content of Mung Bean Vigna Radiata L.
Authors: Hussein Haifaa Abass 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in clay loam soil during the autumn growing season of 2019 in the one of fields of the College of Agriculture /University of Al-Qadisiyah, to study the effect of three concentrations of Nano and non-nano chelated Iron individually or interacted on mung bean plant growth and content of minerals. The results showed a significant increase in most of the studied traits, with an increase in the concentration or level of nano-iron and non –nano-iron. Findings showed that the best results were obtained from the interaction treatments spatially at high concentration levels. However, it was noticed that the use of nanoiron at higher concentration substantially increased the values of all the studied traits and plant growth under study compared to non-nano-iron.
Response Wheat to Spray Some of Synthetic Nano Fertilizers
Authors: Al-Juthery Hayyawi W. A. , Yousif Sana Abd-Aljabar , Lahmod Nabil. R. , Alhasan Ali Sabah , Tiamooz Sulaf. H. , Musa Radhi F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The National Program of Wheat Development in Iraq (NPWD) performed a field experiment at the Al-Shafeieyah Wheat Research Station to determine the impact of sprayed nano-specific, nano-complete micronutrients, and nano-manganese on the agronomic traits and yield of wheat (cv. Baghdad 3). The experiment involved spray application of eight treatments with nano-specific (NSF), nano-complete micro (NCM), and nano-manganese fertilizers (NMnF), as well as di (NSF+NCM), (NSF +NMF), (NCM + NMnF), and tri (NSF+NCM+NMF). Different agronomic traits, as well as yield (quality and quantity) characteristics, were measured. As a result of the statistical study, the following conclusions were drawn: LSD0.05 was sprayed with NMnF, NCM, and NSF, followed by spraying with a combination of di (NMnF+NCM), (NMnF+NSF), (NCM+NNSF), and tri (NMnF+NCM+NSF), treatments in all agronomic traits and yield of wheat, with an increment of 94.92cm, 14.00cm, 66.00 SPAD, (2.20, 0.60, and 1.87) percent, (141.90, 44.82, 37.22, and 94.55) µg g-1 for plant height, spike length, total chlorophyll, and N,P,K, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations in grain, respectively, in comparison to the control treatment. The same treatment was considerably better in biological yield, grain yield, protein yield, and harvest index, with 14.792 Meg ha-1, 7.100 Meg ha-1, 890.34 kg ha-1, and 40.00 percent, respectively, as compared to control, bilateral combinations, and mono spray. The greatest agronomic efficacy was obtained when foliar spraying tri combination treatments and dual nano-mixed fertilizers of (NCM + NSF) (1850.00 and 2111.11) kg kg-1, respectively.
Environmental Effects of Investigation of Paracetamol Remains in the Sewage Discharge in Tigris River at Mosul City
Authors: Edrees Sara Bassam , Al-Hammadi Noor , Al-Samman Sufyan , Albanna Ayman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The existences of paracetamol residue in the aqueous environment are strong belief consequences that a negative effect is a real against for all creation surrounding. Wastewater effluents into the Tigris River at Mosul city, Iraq, are often real problem, in particular, which have contained of many pharmaceutical traces. However, the aim of this study was to quantify and qualify the paracetamol based on serological test. Twenty four locations were chosen precisely from wastewater effluent zone of town which goes directly into the River. All samples were estimated according to Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay technique. The study planned that have collected samples for the same area for three different times, to focus on the probability investigation different paracetamol levels concentrations. The Results referred that there were simple proportional variations in the concentration of paracetamol in spite of the samples have collected three different times at the same area. It was observed that the concentration of paracetamol at the right bank of Mosul city were high levels ranging from 6 to 9.9 ng /ml for all areas. In contrast, there is a significant fluctuations results starting between 3 to 9.9 ng/ ml of the paracetamol levels for samples at left bank areas. Overall, it is possible to indicate that for all wastwater effluent samples for this study have contaminated with paracetamol traces, which unfortuntly effect directly into the public health envirment of city and human being as well.
Effect of Spraying with Normal and Nano Iron on the Growth and Flowering of Petunia Plant Petunia hybrid L.
Authors: Al-Dulaimy Ahmed F. Z. , Abbood Ashwak A. , Alian Ahmed T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The research was carried out in lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping - College of Agriculture / University of Anbar during two growing season 2021-2022, in order to study the effect of spraying with normal and nano iron on the growth and flowering of petunias. Normal iron was used in concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1), which was represented by (F0, F1 and F2) respectively, while nano iron was sprayed with concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mg L-1) and it was represented by (NF0, NF1 and NF2) respectively. A randomized complete block design was used to conduct a factorial experimental (RCBD). The results showed that spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L-1) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch-1, 891.73 cm2 plant-1, 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g-1, 191.20 flower plant-1, 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively. While the spraying with normal iron was not significantly affect carbohydrate content of the leaves. Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L-1) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches-1, 854.43 cm2 plant-1, 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g-1, 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant-1, 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively. While the flower diameter was not significantly affected when spraying with nano iron. On the other hand, the interaction between two study factors showed a significant effect for all the studied traits except for the carbohydrate content of the leaves.
Effect of Spraying Some Bio-and Nano-Stimulants Fortified with Potassium on the Growth and Yield of Rice
Authors: Al–Badiri Zainab KataaAbd , Al-Juthery Hayyawi WewaAttia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of evaluating the response of rice plant (Anber 33 cultivar) to foliar spraying with single bio- and nano-stimulants with potassium-fortified, A field study was conducted in Al-Tale’a district (41 - Al-Hussainiya) / Babylon province / Iraq. for the period from 15/6/2021 to 23/11/2021.The experiment was implemented according to the Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), with three replications (48 experimental units) and the experiment included 16 treatments that were randomly distributed to each replicate according to a simple one-way experiment where (7) bioandnano- stimulants were sprayed, represented by Atonikt, Fertigrain, Siaption, Cimfamin BK, Taravertavant, Nano-Optimus plus, and bread yeast (Saccharmyces cerevisiae) individually and fortified with potassium (Tarafol K2O 52%), in addition to the control treatment, spraying with water only, with two sprays for each treatment between one spray and another (14) days. Duncan’s test results showed that foliar spraying with Atonikbiostimulator supplemented with potassium (At+K) scored the highest averages of chlorophyll index (38.87) SPAD, plant height (119.7 cm) and grain yield (3.29) Meg ha-1.Also, foliar spraying with the biostimulantTaravertavant and potassium (Tar + K) achieved the highest significant averages for most of the important traits of the plant, including the biological yield (14.97) Meg ha-1, grain yield (4.31) Meg ha-1, and the weight of 1000 grains (21.23) g. compared with the control treatment, the chlorophyll index was (35.50) SPAD, the plant height was (100.7) cm, the biological yield was (11.13) Meg ha-1, and the grain yield was (3.11) Meg ha-1, the weight of 1000 grains (18.67) g respectively, and the highest agronomic efficiency was achieved when the treatment The dual spraying of potassium-fortified Nano-Optimus plus (Nop+K) was ingested (293.9 kg kg-1).
Study of The Bacteriological Indicators of Water River Pollution in Kufa and Hilla Cityes
Authors: AL-Saeedy Fatima Al-Zahraa K. , Alhadrawi Hazim Aziz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The presence of pathogenic intestinal bacteria in water may have an impact on human health. coli bacteria, and Escherichia coli are commonly used as indicators of water quality. However, the presence of the above symptoms does not always indicate the presence of human enteroviruses. It is critical to understand human enteroviruses in water. Human enteroviruses may withstand changing environmental conditions and persist in during extended periods of time in the environment, becoming the cause of diarrheal diseases. As a result, human pathogenic viruses are increasingly likely to emerge as important warning indicators of water scarcity. Human adenoviruses and other viruses have been recommended as potential indicators for high-quality detection of human-origin organisms that contaminate water systems. The study included measuring the water pollution of the Euphrates River in the cities of Hilla and Kufa by taking water samples in different seasons and locations to determine the extent of pollution, as well as determining the most likely number of fecal coliform bacteria through a series of tests where the highest result was for the total number of aerobic bacteria for the Hilla samples for the site The third was in October, which reached (194C/ml), as well as the Kufa samples in October reached the highest percentage in the third site, which amounted to about (114 C/ml). As for fecal coliform bacteria in Hilla samples, the highest percentage was in October in the third site (450 °C / 100 ml), while in Kufa samples, the highest percentage was in the third site in December (210 °C / 100 ml). Take a sample of water and plant it in a different medium. Bacteria were grown in Petri dishes and cultured on MacConkey agar medium to see the fermented colonies showing that a large proportion of the colonies ferment due to lactose fermentation. Water samples were also grown on Eosin-methylene Blue Agar, a medium used to differentiate between lactose-free fermented bacteria and non-lactose-fermenting bacteria. and is only interested in Gram-negative Lactobacilli that digest lactose: Non-lactose-fermenting bacteria such as Salmonella and Shigella appear as clear, colorless colonies. When E. coli bacteria colonies were detected and medications were tested, a high level of resistance to these treatments was revealed, highlighting the need of cleaning this water since it would have a significant impact on human health.
Evaluation of Si Fertilization and Spraying of Nano-K and Ca on Si Content, Si Uptake, and Si Use Efficiency of Rice
Authors: Al-Shahmani Ahmed M. K. , Al-Juthery Hayyawi W. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A study was carried out in Al-Tale’a town (District of 41-Al-Husseiniyah, south of Hilla City) in the Babylon Governorate of Iraq from the 15th of June to the 19th of November 2020 to evaluate the effects of Si fertilization and Nano-K and Nano-Ca spraying on the content and uptake of Si and its use efficiency in rice crops. This experiment was conducted in an effort to determine the This experiment was conducted between the 15th and 19th of June, 2020. (Oryza sativa L.). The research was done using a split-plot design, and the parameter distribution was carried out using a randomized full blocks approach (RCBD). The supplied amounts of Si fertilizer served as the major plot, while the concentrations of nano-fertilizer concentrations served as the secondary plot. There were a total of sixteen treatments, and each was replicated three times. The analysis and interpretation of the research’s results were conducted using statistical tools. The amount of silica fertilizer was the first variable with four levels: 0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, and 300 kg ha-1. The second component was the application of nano-fertilizers, which contained four separate treatment options: the control, nano-potassium, nano-calcium, and nano-(K + Ca). The only treatment option that did not include nano-fertilizers was the control. According to the findings, silica fertilization at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 led to the highest silicon content in grain and straw (0.961 and 0.952)%, as well as the maximum Si-uptake in grain and straw (55.363, 122.337 and 177.700) kg Si ha-1. The use of nano foliar spraying with potassium and calcium produced the highest grain silicon concentration (44.540) kg Si ha-1 and total silicon content among all treatments (153.339) kg Si ha-1. Strong interaction between Si fertilization and foliar spraying with nano-K and Ca led in the largest mean of total Si-uptake (179.268) kg Si ha-1 and silicon utilization efficiency. This was accomplished by a mixture of silica fertilizer and nano-potassium and calcium foliar sprays. This outcome was achieved by using silica fertilizer in combination with nano-potassium and calcium-containing foliar sprays (66.95)%.