bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray signature of antistars in the Galaxy
Authors: Bondar A.E. , Blinnikov S.I. , Bykov A.M. , Dolgov A.D. , Postnov K.A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The existence of macroscopic objects from antimatter (antistars) is envisaged in some models of baryogenesis. Searches for antistars have been usually carried out in gamma-rays originated from hadronic annihilation of matter. In astrophysically plausible cases of the interaction of neutral atmospheres or winds from antistars with ionized interstellar gas, the formation of excited pp̅ and Hep̅ atoms precedes
the hadronic annihilation. These atoms rapidly cascade down to low levels before annihilation giving rise to a series of narrow lines which can be associated with the hadronic annihilation gamma-ray emission.
The most significant are L (3p-2p) 1.73 keV line (yield more than 90%) from pp̅ atoms, and M (4–3) 4.86 keV (yield ∼ 60%) and L (3–2) 11.13 keV (yield about 25%) lines from 4Hep̅ atoms. These lines can be searched for in dedicated observations by the forthcoming sensitive X-ray spectroscopic missions XRISM, Athena and Lynx and in wide-field X-ray surveys like SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey.
Axion-gauge field dynamics with backreaction
Authors: Ishiwata Koji , Komatsu Eiichiro , Obata Ippei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phenomenological success of inflation models with axion and SU(2) gauge fields relies crucially on control of backreaction from particle production. Most of the previous study only demanded the backreaction terms in equations of motion for axion and gauge fields be small on the basis of order-of-magnitude estimation. In this paper, we solve the equations of motion with backreaction for a wide range of parameters of the spectator axion-SU(2) model. First, we find a new slow-roll solution of the axion-SU(2) system in the absence of backreaction. Next, we obtain accurate conditions for stable slow-roll solutions in the presence of backreaction. Finally, we show that the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves sourced by the gauge fields can exceed that of quantum vacuum fluctuations in spacetime by a large factor, without backreaction spoiling slow-roll dynamics. Imposing additional constraints on the power spectra of scalar and tensor modes measured at CMB scales, we find that the sourced contribution can be more than ten times the vacuum one. Imposing further a constraint of scalar modes non-linearly sourced by tensor modes, the two contributions can still be comparable.
The case of the biased quenched trap model in two dimensions with diverging mean dwell times
Authors: Shafir Dan , Burov Stanislav 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigate the biased quenched trap model on top of a two-dimensional lattice in the case of diverging expected dwell times. By utilizing the double-subordination approach and calculating the return probability in 2D, we explicitly obtain the disorder averaged probability density function of the particle’s position as a function of time (for any given bias) in the limit of large times (t → ∞). The first and second moments are calculated, and a formula for a general μth moment is found. The behavior of the first moment, i.e. ⟨x(t)⟩, presents non-linear response both in time and in the applied external force F
0. While the non-linearity in time occurs for any measurement time t, the non-linearity in F
0 is expected only when

t

≳

F

0

ln

(

F

0

)

−
2
/
α

where α = T/T
g, for temperatures T < T
g. We support our analytic results by comparison to numerical simulations.
Unexpected side effects of the EU Ship Recycling Regulation call for global cooperation on greening the shipbreaking industry
Authors: Lin Lin , Feng Kuishuang , Wan Zheng , Wang Peng , Kong Xianghui , Zhang Ning , Hubacek Klaus , Li Jiashuo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The recent European Union Ship Recycling Regulation and other existing conventions aimed to reduce harmful environmental and health impacts of ship shipbreaking, may push the shipbreaking industry further to South Asian countries, where ecosystem and public health are threatened due to the lack of monitoring for dirty beaching methods for ship breaking. Such unsustainable patterns may continue to expand due to the mismatch of economic beneficiaries and environmental costs in the shipbreaking industry, the ineffectiveness of existing conventions and regulations, and the prospect of a large number of ships to be dismantled in the near future. Our study focuses on these emerging issues and raises the urgency of joint actions for the shipbreaking industry.
Dyson gas on a curved contour
Authors: Wiegmann P , Zabrodin A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We introduce and study a model of a logarithmic gas with inverse temperature β on an arbitrary smooth closed contour in the plane. This model generalizes Dyson’s gas (the β-ensemble) on the unit circle. We compute the non-vanishing terms of the large N expansion of the free energy (N is the number of particles) by iterating the ‘loop equation’ that is the Ward identity with respect to reparametrizations and dilatation of the contour. We show that the main contribution to the free energy is expressed through the spectral determinant of the Neumann jump operator associated with the contour, or equivalently through the Fredholm determinant of the Neumann–Poincare (double layer) operator. This result connects the statistical mechanics of the Dyson gas to the spectral geometry of the interior and exterior domains of the supporting contour.
Closed-form multi-dimensional solutions and asymptotic behaviours for subdiffusive processes with crossovers: II. Accelerating case
Authors: Awad Emad , Metzler Ralf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anomalous diffusion with a power-law time dependence

⟨

|
R

|

2

(

t

)

⟩

≃

t

α

i

of the mean squared displacement occurs quite ubiquitously in numerous complex systems. Often, this anomalous diffusion is characterised by crossovers between regimes with different anomalous diffusion exponents α

i
. Here we consider the case when such a crossover occurs from a first regime with α
1 to a second regime with α
2 such that α
2 > α
1, i.e., accelerating anomalous diffusion. A widely used framework to describe such crossovers in a one-dimensional setting is the bi-fractional diffusion equation of the so-called modified type, involving two time-fractional derivatives defined in the Riemann–Liouville sense. We here generalise this bi-fractional diffusion equation to higher dimensions and derive its multidimensional propagator (Green’s function) for the general case when also a space fractional derivative is present, taking into consideration long-ranged jumps (Lévy flights). We derive the asymptotic behaviours for this propagator in both the short- and long-time as well the short- and long-distance regimes. Finally, we also calculate the mean squared displacement, skewness and kurtosis in all dimensions, demonstrating that in the general case the non-Gaussian shape of the probability density function changes.
Microdroplet-tin plasma sources of EUV radiation driven by solid-state-lasers (Topical Review)
Authors: Versolato O O , Sheil J , Witte S , Ubachs W , Hoekstra R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plasma produced from molten-tin microdroplets generates extreme ultraviolet light for state-of-the-art nanolithography. Currently, CO2 lasers are used to drive the plasma. In the future, solid-state mid-infrared lasers may instead be used to efficiently pump the plasma. Such laser systems have promise to be more compact, better scalable, and have higher wall-plug efficiency. In this Topical Review, we present recent findings made at the Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL) on using 1 and 2 µm wavelength solid-state lasers for tin target preparation and for driving hot and dense plasma. The ARCNL research ranges from advanced laser development, studies of fluid dynamic response of droplets to impact, radiation-hydrodynamics calculations of, e.g. ion ‘debris’, (EUV) spectroscopic studies of tin laser-produced-plasma as well as high-conversion efficiency operation of 2 µm wavelength driven plasma.
Flexible source of correlated photons based on LNOI rib waveguides
Authors: Ebers L , Ferreri A , Hammer M , Albert M , Meier C , Förstner J , Sharapova P R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) material has great potential for photonic integrated circuits, providing substantial versatility in design of various integrated components. To properly use these components in the implementation of different quantum protocols, photons with different properties are required. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate a flexible source of correlated photons built on the LNOI waveguide with a special geometry. This source is based on the parametric down-conversion (PDC) process, in which the signal and idler photons are generated at the telecom wavelength and have different spatial profiles and polarizations, but the same group velocities. Distinguishability in polarizations and spatial profiles facilitates the routing and manipulating individual photons, while the equality of their group velocities leads to the absence of temporal walk-off between photons. We show how the spectral properties of the generated photons and the number of their frequency modes can be controlled depending on the pump characteristics and the waveguide length. Finally, we discuss special regimes, in which narrowband light with strong frequency correlations and polarization-entangled Bell states are generated at the telecom wavelength.
Advance care plans in UK care home residents: a service evaluation using a stepped wedge design
Authors: Garden Gill , Usman Adeela , Readman Donna , Storey Lesley , Wilkinson Lindsey , Wilson Graham , Dening Tom , Gordon Adam L , Gladman John R F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
advance care planning (ACP) in care homes has high acceptance, increases the proportion of residents dying in place and reduces hospital admissions in research. We investigated whether ACP had similar outcomes when introduced during real-world service implementation.

Methods
a service undertaking ACP in Lincoln, UK care homes was evaluated using routine data. Outcomes were proportion of care homes and residents participating in ACP; characteristics of residents choosing/declining ACP and place of death for those with/without ACP. Hospital admissions were analysed using mixed-effects Poisson regression for number of admissions, and a mixed-effects negative binomial model for number of occupied hospital bed days.

Results
About 15/24 (63%) eligible homes supported the service, in which 404/508 (79.5%) participants chose ACP. Residents choosing ACP were older, frailer, more cognitively impaired and malnourished; 384/404 (95%) residents choosing ACP recorded their care home as their preferred place of death: 380/404 (94%) declined cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Among deceased residents, 219/248 (88%) and 33/49 (67%) with and without advance care plan respectively died in their care home (relative risk 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.6, P &lt; 0.001). Hospital admission rates and bed occupancy did not differ after implementation.

Discussion
About 79.5% participants chose ACP. Those doing so were more likely to die at home. Many homes were unwilling or unable to support the service. Hospital admissions were not reduced. Further research should consider how to enlist the support of all homes and to explore why hospital admissions were not reduced.
Nitrogen concentration and physical properties are key drivers of woody tissue respiration
Authors: Westerband Andrea C , Wright Ian J , Eller Allyson S D , Cernusak Lucas A , Reich Peter B , Perez-Priego Oscar , Chhajed Shubham S , Hutley Lindsay B , Lehmann Caroline E R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Despite the critical role of woody tissues in determining net carbon exchange of terrestrial ecosystems, relatively little is known regarding the drivers of sapwood and bark respiration.

Methods
Using one of the most comprehensive wood respiration datasets to date (82 species from Australian rainforest, savanna and temperate forest), we quantified relationships between tissue respiration rates (Rd) measured in vitro (i.e. ‘respiration potential’) and physical properties of bark and sapwood, and nitrogen concentration (Nmass) of leaves, sapwood and bark.

Key Results
Across all sites, tissue density and thickness explained similar, and in some cases more, variation in bark and sapwood Rd than did Nmass. Higher density bark and sapwood tissues had lower Rd for a given Nmass than lower density tissues. Rd–Nmass slopes were less steep in thicker compared with thinner-barked species and less steep in sapwood than in bark. Including the interactive effects of Nmass, density and thickness significantly increased the explanatory power for bark and sapwood respiration in branches. Among these models, Nmass contributed more to explanatory power in trunks than in branches, and in sapwood than in bark. Our findings were largely consistent across sites, which varied in their climate, soils and dominant vegetation type, suggesting generality in the observed trait relationships. Compared with a global compilation of leaf, stem and root data, Australian species showed generally lower Rd and Nmass, and less steep Rd–Nmass relationships.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report control of respiration–nitrogen relationships by physical properties of tissues, and one of few to report respiration–nitrogen relationships in bark and sapwood. Together, our findings indicate a potential path towards improving current estimates of autotrophic respiration by integrating variation across distinct plant tissues.
Formation scheme and some properties of a thiamine-derived pigment, pyrizepine, formed through the Maillard reaction
Authors: Kitayama Sachiko , Igoshi Asuka , Shimamura Yuko , Noda Kyoko , Murata Masatsune 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Recently, a yellow Maillard pigment named pyrizepine was identified from a heated solution containing thiamine and glucose. Here, we examined the formation scheme of this pigment and some biological properties. The mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance data of pyrizepine prepared from [6-13C] glucose showed that the carbon at 6-position of glucose was inserted at 2 different positions of pyrizepine. 5-(Aminomethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-amine (AMPA), a degradation product of thiamine, was detected in the reaction solution. The pigment also formed in the solution containing AMPA in place of thiamine. These results showed that pyrizepine formed from AMPA and C4 fragments derived from glucose. Pyrizepine showed antioxidative activities in the superoxide dismutase, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and H-ORAC assays. The pigment did not show mutagenicity with the Ames test. A trace amount of the pigment was detected in a pan-fried ground pork sample added glucose using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
AbAdapt: an adaptive approach to predicting antibody–antigen complex structures from sequence
Authors: Davila Ana , Xu Zichang , Li Songling , Rozewicki John , Wilamowski Jan , Kotelnikov Sergei , Kozakov Dima , Teraguchi Shunsuke , Standley Daron M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotivationThe scoring of antibody–antigen docked poses starting from unbound homology models has not been systematically optimized for a large and diverse set of input sequences.ResultsTo address this need, we have developed AbAdapt, a webserver that accepts antibody and antigen sequences, models their 3D structures, predicts epitope and paratope, and then docks the modeled structures using two established docking engines (Piper and Hex). Each of the key steps has been optimized by developing and training new machine-learning models. The sequences from a diverse set of 622 antibody–antigen pairs with known structure were used as inputs for leave-one-out cross-validation. The final set of cluster representatives included at least one ‘Adequate’ pose for 550/622 (88.4%) of the queries. The median (interquartile range) ranks of these ‘Adequate’ poses were 22 (5–77). Similar results were obtained on a holdout set of 100 unrelated antibody–antigen pairs. When epitopes were repredicted using docking-derived features for specific antibodies, the median ROC AUC increased from 0.679 to 0.720 in cross-validation and from 0.694 to 0.730 in the holdout set.Availability and implementationAbAdapt and related data are available at https://sysimm.org/abadapt/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Phylogeography of the tepui brush finch, Atlapetes personatus (Passeriformes: Passerellidae): extensive differentiation on the sky islands of the Venezuelan Pantepui
Authors: Barrowclough George F , Jablonski Bartek , Lai Jonas E , Groth Jeff G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The biogeography and genetic structure of species endemic to the high-elevation sky islands (tepuis) of the Guiana Shield in eastern and southern Venezuela and adjacent areas of Brazil and Guyana are poorly known. We investigated the phylogeography and population structure of the tepui brush finch (Atlapetes personatus) as an exemplar of that biota. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed three monophyletic clades that correspond to major morphological subspecies groups occurring in eastern, southern and north-western regions of the Pantepui. Differentiation among the clades accounted for 95% of the total genetic variance. DNA sequences from three nuclear loci also showed marked divergence among those three regions. Estimates of gene flow between regions and sampled populations were all less than one individual per generation. Consequently, these subspecies groups ought to be recognized as species-level taxa. The results suggest there is more large-scale biogeographical structure within the Pantepui region than generally recognized. Additionally, within two of the three regions, genetic variance among tepuis was substantial at both mitochondrial and nuclear loci. Many of the sampled populations appear to be genetically independent units that are almost cryptic morphologically. The sampled tepuis might be islands of habitat for this taxon and for conservation purposes.
Comparing survival between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by open or thoracoscopic oesophagectomy in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Hui-Shan , Lin Ching-Hsiung , Wu Shiao-Chi , Wang Bing-Yen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to investigate the overall survival between open and thoracoscopic oesophagectomy in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT).

METHODS
The Taiwan Cancer Registry was queried for ESCC from 2008 to 2016. We enrolled 2250 patients with ESCC receiving NCRT plus open (n = 487) or thoracoscopic (n = 1763) oesophagectomy. One-to-two propensity score matching between open and thoracoscopic oesophagectomy was performed. Overall survival was compared between the 2 groups before and after propensity score matching. Univariable analysis and multivariable analysis were performed to identify prognostic factors.

RESULTS
After one-to-two propensity score matching, 353 patients were in the open group and 706 patients were in the thoracoscopic group. The 3-year overall survival rates for matched patients treated with open or thoracoscopic oesophagectomy were similar (39.18% vs 44.33%, p = 0.11). Better overall survival was associated with thoracoscopic oesophagectomy for the patients in the y-pathological complete response stage (pCR) (57.26% vs 65.19%, p = 0.045), y-pathological III stage (12.78% vs 22.31%, p = 0.028) and y-pathological T0N+ stage (15.79% vs 41.01%, p = 0.010). In multivariable analysis, surgical approach was an independent prognostic factor only before propensity score matching. After matching, surgical approach was not an independent prognostic factor.

CONCLUSIONS
This propensity-matched study demonstrated that open and thoracoscopic oesophagectomies are associated with similar long-term survival in patients with ESCC undergoing NCRT. Stage-specific comparisons showed that thoracoscopic oesophagectomy is associated with better survival than open oesophagectomy in patients with the pathological complete response, y-pathological III and y-pathological T0N+ stages and with similar survival in y-pathological I/II patients.
The Ideology of Form: Surrealism and the Crisis of the Generation of ’27
Authors: Geist Anthony L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the late 1920s, a number of poets of the fabled Generation of ’27 turn to Surrealism as the expression of a personal, generational, and poetic crisis. Alberti, Lorca, Cernuda, and Aleixandre’s Surrealist phase marks an axis or hinge between their ‘dehumanized’ poetry of the early 20s and their socially and politically committed texts of the 1930s. Drawing on critical theory ranging from Marcuse, Bürger, Jameson, and Benjamin to Lacan and Foucault, as well as articles and books devoted to the study of Spanish Surrealism in addition to the individual poets under consideration, this article offers a close reading of five canonical books of Spanish Surrealist poetry and reveals the ideological nature of apparently ahistorical, non-ideological texts.
Taking flight: an educational primer for use with “A novel mechanism for activation of myosin regulatory light chain by protein kinase C-delta in Drosophila”
Authors: Nowak Scott J , Dobi Krista C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Muscles are required for animal movement, feeding, heartbeat, and reproduction. Disruption of muscle function can lead to mobility impairments and diseases like muscular dystrophy and cardiac myopathy; therefore, research in this area has significant implications for public health. Recent work by Vaziri and colleagues has taken genetic, cell biological, and biochemical approaches to identify Protein kinase C-d (Pkcδ) as a novel regulator of the essential myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) by phosphorylation. The authors determine which residues of MLC2 are modified by Pkcδ and show that phosphorylation by Pkcδ is required for proper sarcomere assembly and function. This study underscores the importance of Drosophila melanogaster as a model system for muscle function and highlights how protein phosphorylation is a vital part of post-translational gene regulation.
Fisher’s historic 1922 paper On the dominance ratio
Authors: Charlesworth Brian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
R.A. Fisher’s 1922 paper On the dominance ratio has a strong claim to be the foundation paper for modern population genetics. It greatly influenced subsequent work by Haldane and Wright, and contributed 3 major innovations to the study of evolution at the genetic level. First, the introduction of a general model of selection at a single locus, which showed how variability could be maintained by heterozygote advantage. Second, the use of the branching process approach to show that a beneficial mutation has a substantial chance of loss from the population, even when the population size is extremely large. Third, the invention of the concept of a probability distribution of allele frequency, caused by random sampling of allele frequencies due to finite population size, and the first use of a diffusion equation to investigate the properties of such a distribution. Although Fisher was motivated by an inference that later turned out to lack strong empirical support (a substantial contribution of dominance to quantitative trait variability), and his use of a diffusion equation was marred by a technical mistake, the paper introduced concepts and methods that pervade much subsequent work in population genetics.