bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Left Posterior Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Ari Abhijit , Singh Manjeet 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe incidence of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia is scarce; however, it is the most common type of ventricular tachycardia in previously normal children. Left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia is one of them, and many times it is mismanaged as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The characteristic features of this arrhythmia are a monomorphic tachycardia, right bundle branch block, and superior axis. This type of arrhythmia is highly sensitive to verapamil, even in infancy, but refractory to adenosine or amiodarone. As nonrecognition of this condition can be fatal, it should be identified early.
Inhaled Milrinone via HFNC as a Postextubation Cardiopulmonary Elixir: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Bansal Noopur , Magoon Rohan , Kalaiselvan Jaffrey , ItiShri ItiShri , Kohli Jasvinder Kaur , Kashav Ramesh Chand 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) often complicates perioperative course following pediatric cardiac surgery, often presenting unique challenges to the attending cardiac anesthesiologist. Apart from difficult weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, PH can often compound weaning from mechanical ventilation in this postoperative subset. From pathophysiological standpoint, the former can be attributed to concurrent detrimental cardiopulmonary consequences of PH as a multisystemic syndrome. Therefore, with an objective to address the affected systems, that is, cardiac and pulmonary simultaneously, we report combined use of inhaled milrinone (a pulmonary vasodilator) through high-frequency nasal cannula (oxygen reservoir and continuous positive airway pressure delivery device), purported to complement each other's mechanism of action in the management of PH, thereby hastening postoperative recovery. The article additionally presents a nuanced perspective on the advantages of combining the aforementioned therapies and hence proposing the same as a possible “postoperative cardiopulmonary elixir.”
COVID 19: Airway Management and Pharmacological Strategies
Authors: Chandra Sonal , Narang Aditi , Choudhuri Pratiti , Gupta Kapil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has since resulted in more than 250 million cases worldwide and over 50 million deaths. Although treatment is mainly supportive, with oxygen therapy being the mainstay, various pharmacological treatment modalities have also been explored. In this review, we have evaluated the available evidence on airway management as well as medical management and highlighted the possible interventions that may be effective in care of critically ill patients.
The development of independent colleges and their separation from their parent public universities in China
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhang Yanli , Zhao Xiantong , Hunt Stephen , Yan Wuyin , Wang Yitao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the highest number of students in private higher education in the world, China is updating the governance system for this sector. This process involves independent colleges, which were founded by and remain associated with public universities, but which are privately funded. As one of the strategies to improve the development of independent colleges, in 2008 the Ministry of Education asked these colleges to separate from their parent public universities. However, by the end of 2020, over half of the 2008 colleges had still not separated but, over the next year, the outstanding figure suddenly dropped by one-third. This paper analyses the factors affecting the separation from the viewpoints of different stakeholders. Private funders have an interest in making use of the parent universities’ resources and controlling and gaining financial returns from the colleges; for the parent universities, the management fees paid by the colleges are an important priority, while, for local government, more and better higher education places with less public finance is a key goal. Currently, there are few studies in the English language literature on independent colleges. By disseminating experiences of higher education reform in China, our findings could have important implications for government policymakers and for senior and practicing managers in universities.
Fatigue life evaluation of gold wire bonding solder joints in MEMS pressure sensors
Authors: Zhang Yunfan , Wu Kangkang , Shen Shengnan , Zhang Quanyong , Cao Wan , Liu Sheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The failure of the gold wire bonding solder joint of a MEMS pressure sensor caused by the thermal cycling test was investigated with thermal cycling experiments and fatigue simulations. The results show that the maximum stress and strain occurred at the root of the solder joint on the substrate. With the accumulation of strain caused by thermal cycles, the bonding area of solder joint became smaller and the shear force of solder joints reduced to 22.3% after 1600 thermal cycles. The solder joints on the substrate failed after 1940 thermal cycles in plastic fatigue simulations and 3.16 × 108 thermal cycles in creep fatigue simulations. Plastic fatigue is the major factor for thermal failure of gold wire bonding.
Tunable presynaptic weighting in optoelectronic spiking neurons built with laser-coupled resonant tunneling diodes
Authors: Zhang Weikang , Hejda Matěj , Malysheva Ekaterina , Raghib Ali Al-Taai Qusay , Javaloyes Julien , Wasige Edward , Figueiredo José M L , Dolores-Calzadilla Victor , Romeira Bruno , Hurtado Antonio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Optoelectronic artificial spiking neurons are regarded as promising core elements for novel photonic neuromorphic computing hardware. In this work, we investigate a modular optoelectronic spiking neuron built with an excitable resonant tunneling diode (RTD) coupled to a photodetector and a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). This work provides the first experimental demonstration of amplitude control of the fired optical spikes in the electrical-to-optical part of the artificial neuron, therefore introducing a simple way of weighting of the presynaptic spikes. This is achieved by tuning the VCSEL bias current, hence providing a straightforward, high-speed, hardware-friendly option for the weighting of optical spiking signals. Furthermore, we validate the feasibility of this layout using a simulation of a monolithically integrated, RTD-based nanoscale optoelectronic spiking neuron model, which confirms the system’s capability to deliver weighted optical spiking signals at GHz firing rates. These results demonstrate a high degree of flexibility of RTD-based artificial optoelectronic spiking neurons and highlight their potential towards compact, high-speed photonic spiking neural networks and light-enabled neuromorphic hardware.
Electromechanical behaviour of REBCO coated conductor toroidal field coils for ultra-high-field magnetic-confinement plasma devices
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Große Veit , Song Dongbin , Yang Wenjiang , Macián-Juan Rafael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) coated conductors with an extremely high critical current density under ultra-high fields opens up a high-field path towards large-scale fusion. The latest technology has inspired cable-in-conduit conductors such as conductor on round core wires, twisted stacked tape conductor cables and Rutherford cables with outstanding current-carrying capacities. In order to realise an inductance balance and decrease magnetic diffusion, these cables have been twisted or folded to a certain extent, thus breaking the mechanical behaviour of the ceramic superconductor and limiting their potential for ultra-high-field applications. One possible solution is to employ a non-twisted cable, which offers maximum protection of its mechanical properties and enables a parallel orientation of the toroidal field vector to the surface of REBCO coated conductors, and at the same time decreases the influence of perpendicular fields on the critical current of REBCO cables. However, the applied physics community’s attitude towards using non-twisted, parallel REBCO stacked-tape cables is one of scepticism, the main argument being that the nonlinear E–J behaviour associated with screening current in the parallel stack might lead to a field distortion and reduce the performance of superconductivity. Recent analyses have demonstrated that the effect of screening current decreases significantly owing to a wavelike magnetic field distribution along the cable. The authors obtained similar results using H-formulation and T–A formulation based finite element methods and demonstrated that the non-twisted cable may be feasible for DC current transmission toroidal field coils in magnetic-confinement devices. Furthermore, the electromechanical behaviour of toroidal field coils has been evaluated via the Maxwell stress, solved by using an A–V formulation. It was discovered that the stress generated by the toroidal field coils is within the stress tolerance of the REBCO coated conductor, something which is of great significance in promoting the application of REBCO coated conductors for ultra-high-field magnetic-confinement plasma devices.
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue at nanostructured ZnO thin films
Authors: Kulis-Kapuscinska Anna , Kwoka Monika , Borysiewicz Michal Adam , Wojciechowski Tomasz , Licciardello Nadia , Sgarzi Massimo , Cuniberti Gianaurelio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of the wastewater dye pollutant methylene blue (MB) at ZnO nanostructured porous thin films, deposited by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering on Si substrates, was studied. It was observed that over 4 photocatalytic cycles (0.3 mg · l−1 MB solution, 540 minUV irradiation), the rate constant k of MB degradation decreased by ∼50%, varying in the range (1.54 ÷ 0.78) · 10–9 (mol·l−1·min−1). For a deeper analysis of the photodegradation mechanism, detailed information on the nanostructured ZnO surface morphology and local surface and subsurface chemistry (nonstoichiometry) were obtained by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as complementary analytical methods. The SEM studies revealed that at the surface of the nanostructured ZnO thin films a coral reef structure containing polycrystalline coral dendrites is present, and that, after the photocatalytic experiments, the sizes of individual crystallites increased, varying in the range 43 ÷ 76 nm for the longer axis, and in the range 28 ÷ 58 nm for the shorter axis. In turn, the XPS studies showed a slight non-stoichiometry, mainly defined by the relative [O]/[Zn] concentration of ca. 1.4, whereas [C]/[Zn] was ca. 1.2, both before and after the photocatalytic experiments. This phenomenon was directly related to the presence of superficial ZnO lattice oxygen atoms that can participate in the oxidation of the adsorbed MB molecules, as well as to the presence of surface hydroxyl groups acting as hole-acceptors to produce OH· radicals, which can be responsible for the generation of superoxide ions. In addition, after experiments, the XPS measurements revealed the presence of carboxyl and carbonyl functional groups, ascribable to the oxidation by-products formed during the photodegradation of MB.
High intensity focused ultrasound atomization and erosion in healthy and tendinopathic tendons
Authors: Smallcomb Molly , Simon Julianna C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can induce thermal and mechanical mechanisms in a well-defined focal volume of tissues. Histotripsy is a form of mechanical HIFU that can initiate and interact with bubble(s) to cause shock scattering and perhaps atomization within the bubble(s) to fractionate most soft tissues. Ultrasonic atomization, or the ejection of fine droplets from an acoustically-excited liquid exposed to air, has been shown to erode planar soft tissue surfaces, which has led to theories that atomization is a mechanism in histotripsy. However, healthy tendons show resistance to conventional histotripsy; pre-treatment of tendons with heat increases susceptibility to histotripsy fractionation. This study investigates ultrasonic atomization and erosion from planar healthy and tendinopathic tendon surfaces as we evaluate HIFU parameters for histotripsy in tendons. Approach. Forty-six ex vivo bovine tendon-air interfaces were pre-conditioned to surface wetting, heat baths of 20 °C (unaltered), 37 °C (body temperature), and 58 °C (collagen degradation), collagenase soaks for 1, 3, 5, and 24 h (mimicking tendinopathic tendons), and phosphate buffered saline soaks for 24 h. Ejected fragments, histology, and gross analysis determined erosion success. Tissue displacement from the HIFU radiation force was monitored with high-speed photography, and tissue relaxation was pixel-tracked and fit to a Kelvin–Voigt model to evaluate changes in viscoelastic properties. Main results. Results showed that atomization produced holes in 24 h collagenase tendons and surface pitting in 58 °C, 3 h, and 5 h collagenase tendons. Increased mound heights and viscoelastic constants in pre-heated (to 58 °C) and collagenase-soaking (3+ hours) tendinopathic models caused a decrease in elasticity and/or increase in viscosity, increasing susceptibility to erosion by HIFU atomization. Significance. Therefore, tendons with chronic tendinopathies may be more susceptible than healthy tendons to histotripsy fractionation.
Super-radiance from a relativistic source
Authors: Wyenberg C M , Rajabi F , Houde M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cooperative super-radiant emission from a highly relativistic multi-particle source is modeled and solved for the simple case of two particles. An existing model of a single relativistic two-level particle is used to construct a Hamiltonian describing relativistic velocity dependent multi-particle super-radiance. The standard diagrammatic framework is applied to the calculation of time evolution and density operators from this Hamiltonian, demonstrating during the process a departure from standard results and calculation methods. In particular, the so-called vertical photon result of the literature is shown to be modified by the relativistic Lorentz factor of the sample; additionally, a set of coupled differential equations describing certain propagators in the velocity-dependent small sample framework are introduced and solved numerically via a hybrid fourth order Runge–Kutta and convolution approach. The model is applied to the simple case of two highly relativistic particles travelling with slightly differing velocities simulated at varying relativistic mean sample β factors, and velocity coherence requirements for a sample to demonstrate enhanced super-radiant emission in the observer frame are evaluated. These coherence requirements are found to become increasingly restrictive at higher β factors, even in the context of standard results of relativistic velocity differential transformations.
Phase-retrieval algorithm based on Kramers–Kronig relations in coherent diffraction imaging
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhou Jianhui , Ou Jiyang , Guo Jie , Yang Cailian , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Xu Peng , Ying Make , Xu Yanxia , Zhou Qinghong , Liu Tao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is a high-resolution technique that does not require x-ray lenses. With advances in scientific technology, such as synchrotron radiation, x-ray free-electron lasers, and coherent electron sources, CDI has been applied to diverse fields, such as biology, medicine, and semiconductors, as a high-resolution, nondestructive measure. With the rapid increase in demand for these applications, enhancing the efficiency of processing high-volume data has become a significant challenge for promotion. In this study, we proposed an algorithm that combines Kramers–Kronig (KK) relations with oversampling smoothness (OSS). The results were evaluated by introducing an error coefficient. We found that the error of the KK-OSS algorithm is always reduced by approximately 50% compared with the error reduction (ER) algorithm, hybrid input–output (HIO) algorithm, and OSS in real space. In the diffraction space, the error in the KK-OSS can be decreased to 0.11. With 100 iterations, KK-OSS spent 218.3 s on reconstructing most of the sample information, while ER was 258.1 s, HIO algorithm took 296.7 s and the reconstruction was still a random value. In Fraunhofer diffraction, it cost KK-OSS 58.8 s to reconstruct, while OSS took 61.9 s. Therefore, this method can reduce the reconstruction error, shorten the reconstruction time, and improve the efficiency compared with the ER, HIO, and OSS algorithms using a random phase as the initial value.
Improvement of activity level detection in dynamic speckle patterns with fuzzy logic operators
Authors: Echeverría Noelia I , Cujano Ayala Estefany G , Guzmán Marcelo N , Meschino Gustavo J , Passoni Lucía I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, the design of a multi-descriptor model is proposed to improve the identification of activity levels in dynamic laser speckle (DLS) image sequences. Fuzzy predicates evaluated with operators of different logic systems were used. The model considers both temporal and spatial effects of the DLS phenomenon. Experiments were carried out to characterize the drying times of a sample painted with water-based paint, illuminated with a coherent light, whose image sequences were captured with a CCD camera. To assess the improvement of the proposed model with respect to single descriptors, the Kruskal–Wallis test and the silhouette index were used. The compensatory logic operators achieved the best results to improve the discrimination of the activity levels, according to the different drying times in the dynamic laser speckle sequences.
Color mixing in targets seen through turbulence
Authors: Núñez Leandro , Barillé Regis , Pérez Darío 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We propose a novel imaging technique for assessing turbulence strength based on the color fluctuations of remote targets. Their chromatic changes, due to color mixing produced by the atmospheric optical turbulence, is characterized. We take advantage of a RGB Fourier transform-based color space to analyze the chromatic information on target images; then, through a model of primary color overlays, a chromatic shift measure is defined by the statistical dispersion of pixel colors. It is shown that such color changes can be related to the strength of refractive index fluctuations defined by the structure constant,

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Modelling of the backside pattern transfer in magic mirror (Makyoh) imaging
Authors: Riesz Ferenc 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A model of magic-mirror (Makyoh) imaging with the mirror backside relief as the input is described. The mechanical pattern transfer is modelled by a convolution approach while the optical imaging using a nonlinear geometrical optical model, more general than previous approaches. Characteristic features of the imaging is analysed and the linear approximation is examined. Diffraction effects are also treated. Characteristic features for the ancient mirror and applications in semiconductor wafer inspection are discussed.
Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Effective for Improving Sleep Duration in Individuals with Insomnia? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chan Wai Sze , McCrae Christina S , Ng Albe Sin-Ying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that sleep duration is a critical determinant of physical and mental health. Half of the individuals with chronic insomnia report less than optimal sleep duration. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective treatment for reducing sleep difficulties in individuals with chronic insomnia. However, its effectiveness for increasing sleep duration is less well-established and a synthesis of these findings is lacking.PurposeTo provide a synthesis of findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of CBT-I on subjective and objective total sleep time (TST).MethodsA systematic search was performed on articles published from 2004 to 05/30/2021. A total of 43 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Publication biases were examined. Meta-regressions were conducted to examine if any sample or treatment characteristics moderated the effect sizes across trials.ResultsWe found a small average effect of CBT-I on diary-assessed TST at post-treatment, equivalent to an approximately 30-min increase. Age significantly moderated the effects of CBT-I on diary-measured and polysomnography-measured TST; older ages were associated with smaller effect sizes. Contrarily, a negative, medium effect size was found for actigraphy-assessed TST, equivalent to an approximately 30-min decrease. Publication biases were found for diary data at follow-up assessments suggesting that positive findings were favored.ConclusionsCBT-I resulted in improvements in TST measured by sleep diaries and polysomnography (in adults). These improvements were not corroborated by actigraphy findings. Theoretical and clinical implications were discussed.
Does the association between smoking and mortality differ due to frailty status? A secondary analysis from the Mexican Health and Aging Study
Authors: Patiño-Hernández Daniela , Pérez-Bautista Óliver Guillermo , Pérez-Zepeda Mario Ulises , Cano-Gutiérrez Carlos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
despite the well-known adverse health effects of smoking, evidence of these effects on frail individuals is still scarce.

Aims
to assess whether frailty influences the association between smoking and mortality.

Methods
individuals ≥50 years from the Mexican Health and Aging Study were analysed. Mortality rates from a 17-year follow-up were compared between smoking status groups (never, previous and current) and other smoking behaviour-related characteristics (pack-years, age commenced and cessation). Baseline variables were included to adjust the Cox regression models. First, models were adjusted for the whole sample, including an interaction term between the frailty index (FI) and smoking variables. A second set of models were stratified by FI levels: 0.00–0.10, 0.11–0.20, 0.21–0.30 and ≥ 0.31.

Results
from a total 14,025 individuals, mean age was 62.4 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 62.1–62.8) and 53.9% were women (95% CI: 52.4–55.6). Main results from the survival analyses showed that when including FI interaction term with smoking status, comparing current to never smoking, the hazard ratio (HR) was 2.03 (95% CI: 1.07–3.85, P = 0.029), and comparing current to previous smoking, the HR was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.06–4.26, P = 0.032). Models stratified by FI levels showed a significant HR only for the two highest level groups. Similar results were found for the smoking behaviour-related characteristics.

Discussion
our results suggest that frailty could modify smoking mortality risk. Other smoking characteristics were impacted by frailty, in particular, cessation. It was noteworthy that having ≥10 years of tobacco cessation was beneficial for frail individuals.

Conclusions
smoking has a higher toll on frail individuals, but ceasing is still beneficial for this group.