bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Simulations of Human Sprinting: Effects of Muscle–Tendon Properties on Sprint Performance
Authors: LIN YI-CHUNG , PANDY MARCUS G. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We combined a full-body musculoskeletal model with dynamic optimization theory to predict the biomechanics of maximum-speed sprinting and evaluate the effects of changes in muscle–tendon properties on sprint performance.

Methods
The body was modeled as a three-dimensional skeleton actuated by 86 muscle–tendon units. A simulation of jogging was used as an initial guess to generate a predictive dynamic optimization solution for maximum-speed sprinting. Nominal values of lower-limb muscle strength, muscle fascicle length, muscle intrinsic maximum shortening velocity (fiber-type composition), and tendon compliance were then altered incrementally to study the relative influence of each property on sprint performance.

Results
Model-predicted patterns of full-body motion, ground forces, and muscle activations were in general agreement with experimental data recorded for maximum-effort sprinting. Maximum sprinting speed was 1.3 times more sensitive to a change in muscle strength compared with the same change in muscle fascicle length, 2.0 times more sensitive to a change in muscle fascicle length compared with the same change in muscle intrinsic maximum shortening velocity, and 9.1 times more sensitive to a change in muscle intrinsic maximum shortening velocity compared with the same change in tendon compliance. A 10% increase in muscle strength increased maximum sprinting speed by 5.9%, whereas increasing muscle fascicle length, muscle intrinsic maximum shortening velocity, and tendon compliance by 10% increased maximum sprinting speed by 4.7%, 2.4%, and 0.3%, respectively.

Conclusions
Sprint performance was most sensitive to changes in muscle strength and least affected by changes in tendon compliance. Sprint performance was also more heavily influenced by changes in muscle fascicle length than muscle intrinsic maximum shortening velocity. These results could inform training methods aimed at optimizing performance in elite sprinters.
Toward Personalized Exercise Medicine: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: BRENNAN ANDREA M. , DAY ANDREW G. , CLARKE JOHN , ROSS ROBERT 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine individual exercise response rates across a range of cardiometabolic variables, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition in adults.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of data from three randomized controlled trials was used in this study. Participants include those who completed the given trial (control, n = 87; intervention, n = 251). Anthropometric (weight, body mass index, waist circumference), cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2peak), MRI-measured total adipose tissue (AT), abdominal subcutaneous AT, and visceral AT and common cardiometabolic variables were assessed pre- and postintervention using standard methodologies. The technical error (TE), which includes both the day-to-day variability and instrument error, was calculated using pre- and postintervention data from the time-matched control group.

Results
On average, all anthropometric, MRI, and V̇O2peak variables improved significantly after intervention compared with the control group (P < 0.05). With the exception of glucose disposal rate (37%), after intervention less than 13% of participants improved cardiometabolic outcome measures beyond the day-to-day variability of measurement. In other words, the individual response for 63%–96% of participants fell within the uncertain range (2 TE). Similarly, for absolute V̇O2peak (L·min−1), only 45% of participants improved beyond 2 TE. By comparison, for MRI-derived variables, the majority of participants (77%, 58%, and 51% for total AT, abdominal subcutaneous AT, and visceral AT, respectively) improved beyond 2 TE. The observed reductions beyond 2 TE for WC and body weight were 53% and 63%, respectively.

Conclusions
The findings suggest extreme caution when inferring that the cardiometabolic and cardiorespiratory fitness response for a given individual is attributable to the exercise dose prescribed.
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products
Authors: Khalaf Nidal , Shi Wenxuan , Kwapinski Witold , Leahy J.J. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy processing waste was performed to investigate the effect of temperature and initial pH on the yield and composition of the solid (hydrochar) and liquor produced. All hydrochars met the EU requirements of organo-mineral solid fertilizers defined in the Fertilizing Products Regulation in terms of phosphorus (P) and mineral content. Methods: Laboratory scale HTC was performed using pressurized reactors, and the products (solid and liquid) were collected, stored and analyzed for elemental composition and nutrient content using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and other analytic techniques. Results: Maximum hydrochar yield (60.67%) was observed at T=180℃ and pH=2.25, whereas the maximum P-recovery was 80.38% at T=220℃ and pH=4.6. The heavy metal content of the hydrochars was mostly compliant with EU limitations, except for Ni at T=220℃ and pH=8.32. Meanwhile, further study of Chromium (Cr) species is essential to assess the fertilizer quality of the hydrochars. For the liquid product, the increase in temperature beyond 200℃, coupled with an increase in initial acidity (pH=2.25) drove P into the liquor. Simultaneously, increasing HTC temperature and acidity increased the concentration of NO3- and NH4+ in the liquid products to a maximum of 278 and 148 mg/L, respectively, at T=180℃ and pH=4.6. Furthermore, no direct relation between final pH of liquor and NH4+ concentration was observed. Conclusions: HTC improved the nutrient content of dairy waste, allowing for the production of potential solid organo-mineral fertilizers requiring additional treatment to ensure safe fertilizer application.
Social support against depression in young adults’ group during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gawrych Magdalena , Cichoń Ewelina , Kiejna Andrzej 
Published: June 2022

Cel pracyNiniejsze badanie miało na celu analizę występowania objawów depresyjnych w grupie uczących się młodych dorosłych, a także analizę wsparcia społecznego jako predyktora depresji w później adolescencji podczas pandemii COVID-19.MetodaWśród osób uczęszczających do placówek edukacyjnych przeprowadzono ogólnokrajową ankietę online. Częściowo ustrukturalizowany kwestionariusz obejmował sekcję danych socjodemograficznych, dotyczącą stresorów, potrzeb i źródeł wsparcia, a także polską wersję skróconej Skali Depresji Kutchera dla Młodzieży (KADS). Ostateczna próba składała się z 1500 uczniów w wieku 18-23 lat. Do oceny związków między potrzebami i źródłami wsparcia oraz objawami depresyjnymi zastosowano wielomianową regresję logistyczną.WynikiNajczęściej zgłaszanymi przez badanych potrzebami w zakresie wsparcia stanowi potrzeba wsparcia ze strony bliskich (rodziny, przyjaciół) (n = 843; 56,2%) oraz nauczycieli (np. troska, docenienie) (n = 603; 40,2%). 56% młodych dorosłych w Polsce doświadcza istotnych objawów depresji (95% [CI]: 1,82–13,96). Młodzi dorośli, którzy deklarują brak wsparcia społecznego uzyskali wyższy wynik KADS niż uczestnicy zgłaszający otrzymywanie wsparcia w jakiejkolwiek formie (b = 1,794; 95% BCa CI = 0,659, 2,947). Badani otrzymujący wsparcie od matki, od obojga rodziców i rodzeństwa mieli mniejsze nasilenie objawów depresji, podczas gdy ci, którzy otrzymywali wsparcie wyłącznie od ojca mieli bardziej nasilone objawy.WnioskiBadanie dostarcza wstępnych wyników na temat nasilenia objawów depresyjnych oraz potrzeb wsparcia uczących się młodych dorosłych podczas pandemii COVID-19. Zakres doświadczanych w tej grupie trudności wymaga zaangażowania i współdziałania psychiatrycznej opieki zdrowotnej, lokalnych społeczności i szkół w celu zapewnienia adekwatnej opieki.
Assessment of a computed tomography imaging spectrometer using an optimized expectation-maximization algorithm
Authors: Narea-Jiménez F. , Castro-Ramos J. , Sánchez-Escobar J. J. , Muñoz-Morales A. 
Published: June 2022

We designed and built a homemade computed tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS) of

250
×
250

p
i
x
e
l
s

of spatial resolution and 2 nm spectral resolution. The optical design considers a CTIS optical array coupled to a digital reflex camera. We reconstructed the intensity spectra of a fluorescent source, the diffuse reflectance of a ColorChecker, and samples of Capsicum annuum of three different colors, using the expectation-maximization sequential algorithm, optimized utilizing an array of indices to reduce the reconstruction time. The results obtained with a ColorChecker indicate a high positive correlation of 0.9745 with an average residual difference of 1.31% concerning the spectra obtained with a commercial integrating sphere spectrometer. The feasibility of the proposed CTIS system shows how to detect and evaluate the physiological changes resulting from the decomposition of the green fruit of the Capsicum annuum in a range from 500 to 650 nm.
Aberration analysis and compensate method of a BP neural network and sparrow search algorithm in deep ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Zhang Libin , Gai Tianyang , Xu Peng , Wei Yayi 
Published: June 2022

Mass production can be planned by utilizing the multiple patterning technology of 193 nm immersion scanners at the 7 nm technology node. In deep ultraviolet lithography, imaging performance is significantly affected by distortions of projection optics. For 7 nm immersion lithography layer patterns, distortions of the projection optics must be tightly controlled. This paper proposes an optimization method to determine the distribution of Zernike aberration coefficients. First, we build aberration prediction models using the backpropagation (BP) neural network. Then, we propose an aberration optimization method based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA), using the common indicators of the lithography process window, depth of focus, mask error enhancement factor, and image log slope as the objective function. Some sets of optimized aberration distributions are obtained using the SSA optimization method. Finally, we compare the results of the SSA optimization algorithm with those obtained by rigorous computational simulations. The aberration combination distribution optimized by the SSA method is much more significant than the value under the zero aberration (ideal conditions), a nonoptimal distribution in deep ultraviolet lithography image simulation. Furthermore, the results indicate that the aberration optimization method has a high prediction accuracy.
Associated factors study into the belated screening for leprosy in Benin
Authors: Gnimavo Ronald Sètondji , Sopoh Ghislain Emmanuel , Djossou Parfait , Anagonou Esaï Gimatal , Ayélo Gilbert Adjimon , Wadagni Anita Carolle Akpéédjé , Barogui Yves Thierry , Houezo Jean Gabin , Johnson Roch Christian 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
In the absence of early treatment, leprosy, a neglected tropical disease, due to Mycobacterium leprae or Hansen Bacillus, causes irreversible grade 2 disability (G2D) numerous factors related to the individual, the community and the health care system are believed to be responsible for its late detection and management. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with belated screening for leprosy in Benin.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted from January 1 to June 31, 2019, involving all patients and staff in leprosy treatment centers and public peripheral level health structures in Benin. The dependent variable of the study was the presence or not of G2D, reflecting late or early screening. We used a logistic regression model, at the 5% threshold, to find the factors associated with late leprosy screening. The fit of the final model was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.

Results
A number of 254 leprosy patients were included with a mean age of 48.24 ± 18.37 years. There was a male dominance with a sex ratio of 1.23 (140/114). The proportion of cases with G2D was 58.27%. Associated factors with its belated screening in Benin were (OR; 95%CI; p) the fear of stigma related to leprosy (8.11; 3.3–19.94; <0.001), multiple visits to traditional healers (5.20; 2.73–9.89; <0.001) and multiple visits to hospital practitioners (3.82; 2.01–7.27; <0.001). The unawareness of leprosy by 82.69% of the health workers so as the permanent decrease in material and financial resources allocated to leprosy control were identified as factors in link with the health system that helps explain this late detection.

Conclusion
This study shows the need to implement strategies in the control programs to strengthen the diagnostic abilities of health workers, to improve the level of knowledge of the population on the early signs and symptoms of leprosy, to reduce stigmatization and to ban all forms of discrimination against leprosy patients.
Collaborative improvement on acute opioid prescribing among diverse health systems
Authors: Clements Casey M. , Hanson Kristine T. , Zavaleta Kathryn W. , Stitz Amber M. , Clark Sean E. , Schwarz Randy R. , Homan Jessica R. , Larson Mark V. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Gazelka Halena M. ,   on behalf of the Mayo Clinic Care Network Acute Opioid Prescribing Collaborative
Published: June 2022

Background
Despite broad awareness of the opioid epidemic and the understanding that patients require much fewer opioids than traditionally prescribed, improvement efforts to decrease prescribing have only produced modest advances in recent years.

Methods and findings
By using a collaborative model for shared expertise and accountability, nine diverse health care systems completed quality improvement projects together over the course of one year to reduce opioid prescriptions for acute pain. The collaborative approach was flexible to each individual system’s goals, and seven of the nine participant institutions definitively achieved their desired results.

Conclusions
This report demonstrates the utility of a collaborative model of improvement to bring about real change in opioid prescribing practices and may inform quality improvement efforts at other institutions.
APPROPRIATE USAGE OF ANTIBIOTICS AND ITS COST-EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Putri Ivana Shafira , Hapsari Rebriarina , Ciptaningtyas V. Rizke 
Published: June 2022

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics not only cause resistance, but also indirectly increase morbidity, mortality, and prolong the length of stay, which can lead to increased health care costs. Pneumonia is one of the infectious diseases with a high prevalence in Indonesia. It requires various antibiotic treatment that makes the antibiotic selection need to be considered in both clinical terms and cost-effectiveness. Aim: This study aimed to determine the association between the quality of antibiotic and cost-effectiveness in hospitalized pneumonia patients at Diponegoro National Hospital Semarang in the period 2015 - 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in fifteen patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The medical records as samples were retrospectively obtained by total sampling method. The categories of antibiotic quality (appropriate and inappropriate) were determined according to the Gyssens criteria and analyzed using a cost-effectiveness table. The outcome measure was length of stay (LOS). Results : Mean LOS, mean antibiotic cost, and median total direct hospital cost of appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic quality respectively 3,27 days versus 6 days (p = 0.275), 123,302 IDR versus 286,000 IDR (p = 0.020), and 3,317,100 IDR versus 3,878,600 IDR (p = 0,602). Based on the cost-effectiveness table, the position of appropriate antibiotic quality was in column G (dominant), while the position of inappropriate antibiotic quality was in column C (dominated). Conclusions: The appropriate usage of antibiotics was more cost-effective than inappropriate. There was a significant differences of LOS between both categories.
On the influence of the first language on orthographic competences in German as a second language: a comparative analysis
Authors: Müller Hans-Georg , Schroeder Christoph 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article presents an empirical study on selected aspects of the orthographic performance of mono- and bilingual students in German. Particular attention is paid to the question whether a connection can be drawn between the orthographic performance of the bilingual students in German and their first language. For this purpose, a corpus is analyzed with data from approx. 800 test students. One group is monolingual in German, one is bilingual German–Turkish and one is bilingual German–Russian. A highly significant influence of Russian resp. Turkish on the performance to differentiate between tense and lax vowels is found. This corresponds to expectations insofar as in opposition to German, neither in Turkish nor in Russian, tense and lax vowels are distinguished phonologically. In other areas of orthography, this influence of the first language is not measurable or not to the same extent.
A Random Forest-based Approach to Combining and Ranking Seasonality Tests
Authors: Ollech Daniel , Webel Karsten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Virtually every seasonal adjustment software includes an ensemble of tests for assessing whether a given time series is in fact seasonal and hence a candidate for seasonal adjustment. However, such tests are certain to produce either agreeing or conflicting results, raising the questions how to identify the most accurate tests and how to aggregate the results in the latter case. We suggest a novel random forest-based approach to answer these questions. We simulate seasonal and non-seasonal ARIMA processes that are representative of the macroeconomic time series analysed regularly by the Bundesbank. Treating the time series’ seasonal status as a classification problem, we use the p-values of the seasonality tests implemented in the seasonal adjustment software JDemetra+ as predictors to train conditional random forests on the simulated data. We show that this aggregation approach avoids the size distortions of the JDemetra+ tests without sacrificing too much power compared to the most powerful test. We also find that the modified QS and Friedman tests are the most accurate ones in the considered ensemble.
The poset of morphism-extension classes of countable graphs
Authors: Aranda Andrés 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Let XY
L,T
consist of all countable L-structures M that satisfy the axioms T and in which all homomorphisms of type X (these could be plain homomorphisms, monomorphisms, or isomorphisms) between finite substructures of M are restrictions of an endomorphism of M of type Y (for example, an automorphism or a surjective endomorphism). Lockett and Truss introduced 18 such classes for relational structures. For a given pair L, T however, two or more morphism-extension properties may define the same class of structures.
In this paper, we establish all equalities and inequalities between morphism-extension classes of countable graphs.
An exponential Diophantine equation involving the sum or difference of powers of two Pell numbers
Authors: Rihane Salah Eddine , Togbé Alain 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Let P

k
and Q

k
be the k-th terms of the Pell and Pell-Lucas sequences respectively. In this paper, we find all the solutions of the Diophantine equations

P

n
+
1

x

±

P

n
−
1

x

=

Q
m

$$\begin{array}\displaystyleP_{n+1}^x\pm P_{n-1}^x=Q_m\end{array}$$

in nonnegative integer variables (m, n, x).
Inner functions in QK
spaces and multipliers
Authors: Qian Ruishen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, under some conditions on weighted function K, we give some new equivalent characterizations of inner functions in Q

K
spaces. Meanwhile, we also studied inner functions in Q

K
spaces as multipliers of C
𝓑(Q

K
) ∩ BMOA, where C
𝓑(Q

K
) denoted the closure of Q

K
spaces in Bloch spaces.
A Topological sphere theorem for contact CR-warped product submanifolds of an odd-dimensional unit sphere
Authors: Şahin Fulya , Şahin Bayram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate topological sphere theorems for compact minimal contact CR-submanifolds of odd dimensional unit sphere. We show that if an inequality involving the warping function and the scalar curvature of the fibers is satisfied, a compact minimal contact CR-warped product submanifold of the odd dimensional unit sphere is homeomorphic to the sphere. In particular case, for 5-dimensional unit sphere, we show that a 4-dimensional compact minimal contact CR-warped product submanifold is homeomorphic to a sphere if ∣∇lnf∣2 < 1 is satisfied. By using Bonnet-Myers’s theorem we give a result about fundamental group and by Leung’s theorem we obtain a result about homology groups of a contact CR-warped submanifold.
A systematic review of photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in aqueous solution using nanoparticles
Authors: Derakhshani Elham , Naghizadeh Ali , Arab-Zozani Morteza , Farkhondeh Tahereh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Humic acid (HA) compounds in the disinfection processes of drinking water and wastewater are considered as precursors of highly toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic disinfectant by-products. The aim of this study was to systematically review all research studies on the photocatalytic degradation of humic acid and to evaluate the laboratory conditions and results of these studies.

Content
The present systematic review was performed by searching the Scopus, PubMed, and web of science databases until December 2021. The parameters of type of catalyst, catalyst size, optimum pH, optimum initial concentration of humic Acid, optimum catalyst concentration, optimum time, light used and removal efficiency were investigated.

Summary
395 studies were screened and using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, in total, 20 studies met our inclusion criteria and provided the information necessary to Photocatalytic degradation of humic acid by nanoparticles. In the investigated studies, the percentage of photocatalytic degradation of humic acid by nanoparticles was reported to be above 70%, and in some studies, the removal efficiency had reached 100%.

Outlook
From the results of this systematic review, it was concluded that the photocatalytic process using nanoparticles has a high effect on the degradation of humic acid.
Making history matter more in evolutionary economic geography
Authors: Martin Ron , Sunley Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOur focus in this paper is on a somewhat curious feature of evolutionary economic geography, namely that although concerned withevolution – with processes ofhistoricalchange and transformation – evolutionary economic geography seems not to take history as seriously as it would be expected to do. We argue that evolutionary economic geography is inescapably an historical social science, and that as such would benefit from exploring the different ways in which history can be used in causal investigation, from problematising the different temporalities of economic change and transformation, and from giving more attention to appreciative theorising and narrative case study over variable-centred approaches.