bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate prediction of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma, using radiomics and clinical features
Authors: Zhu Huiyuan , Song Yueqiang , Huang Zike , Zhang Lian , Chen Yanqing , Tao Guangyu , She Yunlang , Sun Xiwen , Yu Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a nomogram based on CT radiomics and clinical features to predict the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in early‐stage lung adenocarcinomas.MethodsA retrospective analysis of postoperative patients with pathologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma, which had been tested for EGFR mutations was performed from January 2015 to December 2015. Patients were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts. A total of 1,078 radiomics features were extracted. least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was applied to select clinical and radiomics features, and to establish predictive models. The radiomics score (rad‐score) of each patient was calculated. The discrimination of the model was evaluated with area under the curve.Results1092 patients (444 men and 648 women; mean age: 59.59±9.6) were enrolled. The radiomics signature consisted of 28 radiomics features and emphysema. The mean validation cohort result of the rad‐score for patients with EGFR mutations (0.814±0.988) was significantly higher than those with EGFR wild‐type (0.315±1.237; p = 0.001). When combined with clinical features, LASSO regression analysis revealed four radiomics features, emphysema, and three clinical features including sex, age, and histologic subtype as associated with to EGFR mutation status. The nomogram that combined radiomics and clinical features significantly improved the predictive discrimination (AUC: 0.723), which is better than that of the radiomics signature alone (AUC: 0.646).ConclusionA relationship between selected radiomics features and EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinomas is demonstrated. A nomogram, combining radiomics features and clinical features for EGFR prediction in early‐stage lung adenocarcinomas, has shown a moderate discriminatory efficiency and high sensitivity, providing additional information for clinicians.
Roles of Myc‐associated zinc finger protein in malignant tumors
Authors: Zheng Chuanjun , Wu Hongmei , Jin Song , Li Di , Tan Shengkui , Zhu Xiaonian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs an important transcription factor that is widely expressed in most tissues of the human body, Myc‐associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) has been reported highly expressed in many malignant tumors and thought to be a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we aim to offer a comprehensive understanding of MAZ regulation in malignant tumors. The carboxy terminal of MAZ protein contains six C2H2 zinc fingers, and its regulation of transcription is based on the interaction between the GC‐rich DNA binding sites of target genes and its carboxy‐terminal zinc finger motifs. MAZ protein has been found to activate or inhibit the transcriptional initiation process of many target genes, as well as play an important role in the transcriptional termination process of some target genes, so MAZ poses dual regulatory functions in the initiation and termination process of gene transcription. Through the transcriptional regulation of c‐myc and Ras gene family, MAZ poses an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and other malignant tumors. Our review shows a vital role of MAZ in many malignant tumors and provides novel insight for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy via the left thoracic approach for cervical esophageal cancer with right aortic arch: Case report
Authors: Nagano Shotaro , Kitadani Junya , Ojima Toshiyasu , Hayata Keiji , Katsuda Masahiro , Goda Taro , Takeuchi Akihiro , Tamagawa Shunji , Hijiya Masayoshi , Tachibana Satsuki , Hotomi Muneki , Asamura Shinichi , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe performed pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy via the left thoracic approach and reconstruction of the elongated gastric conduit with microvascular anastomosis for an 83‐year‐old male patient with esophageal cancer and right aortic arch. For such cases, a surgical approach via the left thoracic cavity is rational, and cases of pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy require a long reconstruction organ. Also, in cases of right aortic arch, a longer reconstruction route is made to avoid Kommerell's diverticulum. The patient had laryngeal cancer and was diagnosed with cervical esophageal cancer and preoperative computed tomography revealed right aortic arch. There were no complications after surgery, and food intake was good. Pharyngolaryngectomy with thoracoscopic esophagectomy via the left thoracic approach and reconstruction of the elongated gastric conduit with microvascular anastomosis is suggested to be a safe and feasible technique for cases of cervical esophageal cancer with right aortic arch.
Self‐employment in Rural China: Its Development, Chara cteristics, and Relation to Income
Authors: Gustafsson Björn , Zhang Yudan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChanges in the employment structure in rural China were studied with a focus on off‐farm self‐employment. Data from the Chinese Household Income Project surveys were used, covering the same 14 provinces from 1988 to 2018. We found that the proportion of adults in rural China with self‐employment as their primary form of off‐farm employment increased from only 2 percent in 1988 to 11 percent in 2013, with no further increases through 2018. In 1988 and 1995, the rate of self‐employment was highest in the eastern region but this regional pattern subsequently disappeared. The probability of being self‐employed in rural China was higher among married males than among unmarried persons. Having a migration experience increased the likelihood of being self‐employed. Since 1995, self‐employed households have had a higher average income than other categories of household. Based on estimates of income functions, we conclude that the income premium from being self‐employed increased rapidly from 1988 to 1995 to become remarkably large when only a few adults were self‐employed. However, as a larger fraction of the rural population entered self‐employment, the payoff from being self‐employed has rapidly diminished, although it was still substantial in 2018.
A genome‐wide analysis suggests pleiotropic effects of Green Revolution genes on shade avoidance in wheat
Authors: Colombo Michel , Montazeaud Germain , Viader Véronique , Ecarnot Martin , Prosperi Jean‐Marie , David Jacques , Fort Florian , Violle Cyrille , Fréville Hélène 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA classic example of phenotypic plasticity in plants is the suit of phenotypic responses induced by a change in the ratio of red to far‐red light (R∶FR) as a result of shading, also known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). While the adaptive consequences of this syndrome have been extensively discussed in natural ecosystems, how SAS varies within crop populations and how SAS evolved during crop domestication and breeding remain poorly known. In this study, we grew a panel of 180 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) genotypes spanning diversity from wild, early domesticated, and elite genetic compartments under two light treatments: low R:FR light (shaded treatment) and high R:FR light (unshaded treatment). We first quantified the genetic variability of SAS, here measured as a change in plant height at the seedling stage. We then dissected the genetic basis of this variation through genome‐wide association mapping. Genotypes grown in shaded conditions were taller than those grown under unshaded conditions. Interaction between light quality and genotype did not affect plant height. We found six QTLs affecting plant height. Three significantly interacted with light quality among which the well‐known Rht1 gene introgressed in elite germplasm during the Green Revolution. Interestingly at three loci, short genotypes systematically expressed reduced SAS, suggesting a positive genetic correlation between plant height and plant height plasticity. Overall, our study sheds light on the evolutionary history of crops and illustrates the relevance of genetic approaches to tackle agricultural challenges.
Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate
Authors: Shin Yunne‐Jai , Midgley Guy F. , Archer Emma R. M. , Arneth Almut , Barnes David K. A. , Chan Lena , Hashimoto Shizuka , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove , Insarov Gregory , Leadley Paul , Levin Lisa A. , Ngo Hien T. , Pandit Ram , Pires Aliny P. F. , Pörtner Hans‐Otto , Rogers Alex D. , Scholes Robert J. , Settele Josef , Smith Pete 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international biodiversity and climate change agendas with the sharpening of ambitious strategies and targets by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Within their respective Conventions, the biodiversity and climate interlinked challenges have largely been addressed separately. There is evidence that conservation actions that halt, slow or reverse biodiversity loss can simultaneously slow anthropogenic mediated climate change significantly. This review highlights conservation actions which have the largest potential for mitigation of climate change. We note that conservation actions have mainly synergistic benefits and few antagonistic trade‐offs with climate change mitigation. Specifically, we identify direct co‐benefits in 14 out of the 21 action targets of the draft post‐2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, notwithstanding the many indirect links that can also support both biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. These relationships are context and scale‐dependent; therefore, we showcase examples of local biodiversity conservation actions that can be incentivized, guided and prioritized by global objectives and targets. The close interlinkages between biodiversity, climate change mitigation, other nature's contributions to people and good quality of life are seldom as integrated as they should be in management and policy. This review aims to re‐emphasize the vital relationships between biodiversity conservation actions and climate change mitigation in a timely manner, in support to major Conferences of Parties that are about to negotiate strategic frameworks and international goals for the decades to come.
Present status and future directions – Minimal endodontic access cavities
Authors: Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , De‐Deus Gustavo , Souza Erick Miranda , Belladonna Felipe Gonçalves , Cavalcante Daniele Moreira , Simões‐Carvalho Marco , Versiani Marco Aurélio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the last decades, the move of medicine towards minimally invasive treatments is notorious and scientifically grounded. As dentistry naturally follows in its footsteps, minimal access preparation have also becume a trend topic in the endodontic field. This procedure aims to maximize preservation of dentine tissue backed up by the idea that this is an effective way to reduce the incidence of post‐treatment tooth fracture. However, with the assessment of the body of evidence on this topic, it is possible to observe some key points (a) the demand for nomenclature standardization, (b) the requirement of specific tools such as ultra‐flexible instruments, visual magnification, superior illumination, and three‐dimensional imaging technology, (c) minimally invasive treatment does not seem to affect orifice location and mechanical preparation when using adequate armamentarium, but it (d) may impair adequate canal cleaning, disinfection and filling procedures, and also (e) it displays contradictory results regarding the ability to increase the tooth strengthen compared to the traditional access cavity. In spite of that, it is undeniable that methodological flaws of some benchtop studies using extracted teeth may be responsible for the conflicting data, thus triggering the need for more sophisticated devices/facilities and specifically designed research in an attempt to make clear the role of the access size/design on long‐term teeth survival. Moreover, it is inevitable that a clinical approach such as minimal endodontic access cavities that demands complex tools and skilled and experienced operators bring to the fore doubts on its educational impact mainly when confronted with the conflicting scientific output, ultimately provoking a cost‐benefit analysis of its implementation as a routine technique. In addition, this review discusses the ongoing scientific and clinical status of minimally invasive access cavities aiming to input an in‐depth and unbiased view over the rationale behind them, uncovering not only the related conceptual and scientific flaws but also outlining future directions for research and clinical practices. The conclusions attempt to skip from passionate disputes highlighting the current body of evidence as weak and incomplete to guide decision making, demanding the development of a close‐to‐in situ laboratory model or a large and well‐controlled clinical trial to solve this matter.
Pointing fingers and holding hands: Effects of collaborative and confrontational NPO approaches on households' consumption and donation decisions
Authors: Arnold Nicholas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNonprofit organizations (NPOs) seek to influence corporate responsibility practices by pursuing either collaborative or confrontational approaches toward companies. In doing so, they frequently attempt to influence households' perceptions of companies and, by extension, their consumption decisions. To what extent NPOs adopting varying approaches toward companies are successful in affecting households' perceptions and decisions, however, remains underexamined. Furthermore, how NPOs' choice of approach impacts households' perception of and donation behavior toward NPOs remains a largely open question. In this contribution, we investigate these issues by means of an experimental approach. The results of our study indicate that both confrontational and collaborative approaches by NPOs exert a significant effect on households' perceptions of companies and their consumption intentions. Somewhat paradoxically, while confrontational approaches exert stronger effects on households' perceptions of companies and their consumption behavior, collaborative approaches are viewed as more legitimate by households, thus garnering more support in the form of donations.
The impact of two distinct endotracheal tube fixation on the formation of pressure ulcer in the intensive care unit: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Genc Alev , Yildiz Tulin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe most common pressure ulcer associated with medical devices in the ICU is pressure injury associated with the endotracheal tube. We aimed to scrutinise the effects of two different techniques of endotracheal tube securement used in the ICU on the occurrence of pressure ulcers. This randomised clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients, 30 of which were intervention and 30 experimental, admittedin the ICU of a training and research hospitaldata were collected using the descriptive and clinical characteristics from the Braden Scale for predicting Pressure Sore Risk, the Pressure Ulcer Scale for healing, The International Staging System for Pressure Injuries and the Eilers Oral Assessment Guide. Based on the Braden Scale scores of the patients, we found that 98.3% of the cases were in the high‐risk group before and after the intervention. We also found that the recovery was higher among patients in whom the bandage fixation method was applied compared to those in whom the fixation was done with an endotracheal tube holder.
High electrical transport performance of C12A7: e– ceramics electrides on Cu‐doping
Authors: Liu Fei , Zhang Xin , Yin Zhanqing , Luo Zhuang , Xiao Yixin , Liu Yanqin , Lu Qingmei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract(Ca1‐xCux) 12A7: e– bulks (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) with electrical performance were fabricated by the in‐situ aluminothermic synthesis. The results showed that all the electron concentrations of (Ca1‐xCux) 12A7: e– reached the theoretical value of about 2.28 × 1021 cm–3. In (Ca0.96Cu0.04) 12A7: e–, the electron mobility at room temperature increased from 3.81 to 5.19 cm2 V–1 S–1 and the conductivity increased from 415 to 1405 S cm–1. It indicated that Cu‐doping effectively improved electrical properties. The photoexcitation property also changed positively. The energy required for electrons to transition from cage conduction band to frame conduction band showed a decreasing trend, from 2.23 to 1.48 eV. The first‐principle calculation showed an upward shift in the Fermi energy level position of C12A7: e–. In addition, Cu atoms provided more density of states near the Fermi energy level. The number of empty orbitals near the Fermi surface of (Ca1‐xCux) 12A7: e– that can receive excited electrons increased. It provided a theoretical basis for preparing (Ca1‐xCux) 12A7: e– with high electrical transport characteristics.
The effect of placebo in split‐scalp and whole‐head platelet‐rich plasma trials for androgenetic alopecia differs: Findings from a systematic review with quantitative evidence syntheses
Authors: Gupta Aditya Kumar , Bamimore Mary A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSome studies have shown that platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) improves androgenetic alopecia (AGA), while others do not. We determined whether the placebo effect significantly varies between split‐scalp and whole‐head trials on PRP monotherapy for AGA. Our rationale was based on the plausibility of PRP diffusing to the control (i.e., “placebo”) side of split‐scalp trials. This is not possible in whole‐head studies.MethodsWe systematically searched the literature for available data. Our choice of analyses and outcomes were determined by the available data.ResultsOur endpoint was change in total hair density 6 months after baseline. Our regression showed that total hair density after 6 months was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the placebo arm of split‐scalp trials, compared to whole‐head studies, by 37 hairs/cm2. Our one‐arm meta‐analyses showed that the pooled change in total hair density between the PRP side and placebo side in split‐scalp studies was −3 hairs/cm2 (p = 0.37), that is, a slight decrease in hair density in the placebo side of the scalp. For whole‐head studies, the corresponding difference in total hair density between patients receiving PRP and those on placebo was −30 hairs/cm2 (p = 0.000017), that is, a much larger decrease in hair density. Patients in the placebo group in whole‐head trials lost significantly more hair than in the placebo side of the split‐head trials where hair loss was comparatively reduced – presumably because of PRP diffusing from the treatment side of the scalp.ConclusionsThe association between design (i.e., split‐scalp vs. whole‐head) and outcome, in placebo arms of AGA trials on PRP monotherapy, had never been reported. This “design effect” could partly reconcile the incongruent conclusions across the PRP literature for AGA; furthermore, clinical guidelines can consider “design effect” when selecting evidence to base care practices on.
Efficacy of botulinum toxin A injection in the treatment of androgenic alopecia: A Comparative Controlled Study
Authors: Nassar Amany , Abdel‐Aleem Heba , Samir Mai , Khattab Fathia M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionScalp injection with mesotherapy (LC cell hair essence) helps in anchoring hair follicles and might have good therapeutic efficacy and lower side effects than Botox in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA).ObjectiveTo assess the trichoscopy and the clinical therapeutic response of LC hair essence serum injection vs. botulinum toxin (A) injection in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.Patients and methodsSixty‐two AGA patients were included in the present study. Group I consisted of 31 patients who were injected with 1 ml of LC hair essence serum diluted with 0.5 ml of 0.9% normal saline once weekly for 8 weeks, and Group II involved 31 patients who were injected with 50 units of botulinum toxin A. Trichoscopic examination and photo documentation were done for every case before starting treatment (baseline) and after treatment with monthly follow‐up to the patients.ResultsThere was a significant difference between baseline trichoscopy findings and at the end of sixth month in Botox group, and the difference was highly significant in LC group; there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of side effects (irritation and headache) among Group II compared with that of Group I.ConclusionBotox can induce significant results in the treatment of AGA with mild and tolerable side effects but with high cost, while LC hair serum exhibit excellent results with fewer side effects.
Current Incidence and Future Projection of Periprosthetic Fractures in South Korea: A Study Based on National Claim Database
Authors: Park Jung‐Wee , Won Seok‐Hyung , Kim Hong‐Seok , Won Samuel Jaeyoon , Lee Young‐Kyun , Koo Kyung‐Hoi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the current incidence and economic cost and to estimate the future burden of periprosthetic fracture (PF) after joint arthroplasties in South Korea.MethodsThis study was a retrospective registry‐based study of patients who were diagnosed as periprosthetic fractures (PFs) in South Korea. Cases of PF from 2010 to 2017 in South Korea using Health Insurance and Review and Assessment (HIRA) database, which contains all medical claims for all South Korean patients, were identified. The operational definitions of PFs were identified from the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) code of the Korean National Health Insurance Program (KHNIP). The annual incidence and medical costs during the period were calculated and the future increase of PF and its cost were projected through 2030 using generalized linear model with quasi‐poisson link.ResultsDuring the 8‐year period, 14,456 patients were treated due to PFs. The annual number of patients with PF remarkably increased from 1,322 in 2010 to 2,636 in 2017. The increment was prominent in age groups of 70–79 and ≧80. Total number of patients with PF were 9752 in women and 4704 in men during the study period. Mean personal costs were 1,155.4 USD in women and 1,185.5 USD in men. The total cost of PFs increased from 779,533 USD in 2010 to 3,888,402 USD in 2017. The personal cost of PFs also increased from 589.7 USD in 2010 to 1,475.1 USD in 2017. In 2017, the number of PF patients exponentially increased after 50 years of age especially in women. Estimated with our projection model, the number of PFs will increase by 2.5 times and the cost will increase by 10 times in the next 10 years.ConclusionThe incidence and cost of PFs are rising and will represent a serious socioeconomic burden in South Korea.