bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose-Response Relationship of Uric Acid With Fasting Glucose, Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in a United States Cohort of 5,148 Non-diabetic People
Authors: Han Yingdong , Han Xinxin , Yin Yue , Cao Yu , Di Hong , Wu Juan , Zhang Yun , Zeng Xuejun 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThere is a limited number of studies on the dose-response relationship between serum uric acid and impaired glucose metabolism in people without diabetes, and no large-scale research exploring the relationship in women without diabetes is based on menopausal status. Consequently, the present study aimed to investigate the above relationship in United States adults without diabetes.Materials and MethodsData from 2,498 men and 2,650 women aged ≥20 years were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016 conducted in the United States. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between uric acid and impaired glucose metabolism. Restricted cubic spline analysis, sensitivity analysis, and stratified analysis by menopausal status were performed to explore the above relationships.ResultsA positive correlation was found between uric acid and the risk of insulin resistance in all participants (P &lt; 0.05). In binary logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the lowest quartile of uric acid, the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of insulin resistance in the highest quartile was 1.9 (1.1–3.1) and 2.2 (1.2–4.3) in men and women, respectively. A significant positive relationship was also observed between uric acid and impaired fasting glucose and hyperinsulinemia in women, while in men, uric acid was positively associated with the risk of hyperinsulinemia but not impaired fasting glucose. Restricted cubic spline showed that the odds ratios of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia increased with elevating uric acid levels in both men and women. When stratified by menopause, the association remained significant in pre-menopausal women aged ≥20, but insignificant in post-menopausal women.ConclusionUric acid was positively associated with the risk of impaired glucose metabolism in a cohort of United States adults, and uric acid increased the risk of insulin resistance in pre-menopausal, but not in post-menopausal women.
Long-Term Humoral Response After a Second Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in Japanese Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ohki Yutaro , Kawabe Mayuko , Yamamoto Izumi , Katsumata Haruki , Nakada Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Akimitsu , Urabe Fumihiko , Miki Jun , Yamada Hiroki , Kimura Takahiro , Matsuo Nanae , Tanno Yudo , Horino Tetsuya , Ohkido Ichiro , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe mortality rate due to COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is 16.8 to 32%. Vaccination against COVID-19 is expected to contribute to the prevention of infection, severe disease, and mortality; however, it has been reported that the humoral response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine in KTRs is poor. Vaccination strategies against COVID-19 vary from country to country, and in Japan, the third dose is given 6 months after the second dose. Few studies have evaluated long-term humoral responses after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. In addition, the superiority of BNT162b2 vaccine and mRNA-1,273 vaccine in KTRs regarding humoral response is controversial.MethodsNinety-four KTRs were administered a second dose of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1,273 vaccines, and anti-spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were measured 5 months (149.2 ± 45.5 days) later. The cutoff value of anti-S antibodies was defined ≥50 AU/ml and 1.4 Index for anti-N antibodies. The primary outcome was the rate of seropositivity, and factors associated with an appropriate humoral response were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsOf 94 KTRs, only 45 (47.9%) patients were positive for anti-S antibodies. The median anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers was 35.3 (Interquartile range 3.8 to 159.7). Anti-N SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in all patients were &lt; 1.4 Index. Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were 43.2 and 65% for BNT162b2 and mRNA-1,273, respectively (p = 0.152). In comparison with high-dose, low-dose of mycophenolic acid was a robust factor associated with an adequate humoral response.ConclusionThe long-term humoral response after a second dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in Japanese KTRs was poor. In comparison with high-dose, low-dose mycophenolic acid was related to an appropriate humoral response. Five months is too long to wait for a 3rd dose after 2nd dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in KTRs. In this cohort, there was no statistical difference in humoral response to the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1,273 vaccines. Additional large observational studies and meta-analyses are needed to clarify the factors related to an appropriate humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination.
Association of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Detected in Stream and Clinical Samples
Authors: Sung Gyung-Hye , Kim Si Hyun , Park Eun Hee , Hwang Suk Nam , Kim Jea-Dong , Kim Gyu Ri , Kim Eun-Young , Jeong Joseph , Kim Sunjoo , Shin Jeong Hwan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) strains has caused treatment failure and is a worldwide threat to public health. However, there are limited reports on the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in aquatic environments and its association with clinical isolates. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CPE in a stream environment and its genetic relationship with clinical isolates in Korea.MethodsA total of 4,582 water samples were collected from 94 streams. Multiplex PCR and sequencing were used to detect and identify six carbapenemase genes. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to investigate the genetic relatedness between the environmental strains and clinical isolates.ResultsA total of 133 CRE strains were isolated from the streams. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common CRE (45.9%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae complex (29.3%), Escherichia coli (13.5%), Raoultella ornithinolytica (5.3%), and Citrobacter freundii (2.3%). Ninety (67.7%) isolates carried carbapenemase genes. K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (36.7%) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-5 (32.2%) were the common carbapenemases detected. Sequence type (ST)307 and ST11 K. pneumoniae strains harboring the blaKPC-2 gene were the most prevalent in stream and patient samples.ConclusionCPE was highly prevalent in streams and closely related to the isolates obtained from patients. Therefore, continuous monitoring of stream environments is required to control the spread of carbapenem resistance.
The Mechanism of Bladder Injury in Fetal Rats With Myelomeningocele
Authors: Liu Ying , Chen Li , Bi Yunli , Shen Jian , Chen Hong , Ma Yujie 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundBladder dysfunction has been implicated as a major cause of progressive renal failure in children with neurogenic bladder. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the expression of proliferation, apoptosis, and neuromuscular-related proteins during the development of the bladder in myelomeningocele fetal rats, and to explore the characteristics of its abnormal development.MethodsFor the myelomeningocele group, Sprague Dawley pregnant rats were intragastrically injected with retinoic acid on the 10th day of gestation to induce myelomeningocele fetal rats. For the control group, the same amount of olive oil was injected to induce normal fetal rats. Bladders were harvested at embryonic days E16, E18, E20, and E22. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase-3, neuron-specific nuclear-binding protein (NeuN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and mRNA at E16–E22; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of cleaved caspase-3 at E22.ResultsThe proliferation of bladder tissue cells was inhibited, with suppressed PCNA expression in myelomeningocele bladder tissue compared with that in control tissue at the early stage (E16). Myelomeningocele bladders showed increased tissue apoptosis in the late embryonic stage, with significantly higher cleaved caspase-3 protein expression than in the control bladders at E20 and E22. NeuN protein expression increased along with embryonic stage, although the expression at E20 and E22 was significantly lower in myelomeningocele bladders than in control bladders. α-SMA protein expression in myelomeningocele bladders increased gradually with the progression of pregnancy, although its expression was lower than that for control bladders at E22. Immunohistochemistry showed abundant positive staining for cleaved caspase-3 in the bladder mucosa and muscle layer of myelomeningocele bladders, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was significantly higher in myelomeningocele bladders than in control bladders.ConclusionsBladder dysfunction in myelomeningocele fetal rats is related to the inhibition of proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, and reduction of bladder nerve and smooth muscle-related protein synthesis.
MicroRNAs Promote the Progression of Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy and Neurovascular Dysfunction Through Upregulation of NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway-Associated HDAC7/ACTN4
Authors: Luo Qiancheng , Ma Hanning , Guo Enwei , Yu Lin , Jia Ling , Zhang Bingyu , Feng Gang , Liu Rui 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to determine the NF-kappaB pathway, hub genes, and transcription factors (TFs) in monocytes implicated in the progression of neurovascular-related sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) as well as potential miRNAs with regulatory functions.Methods: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy—and heart failure (HF)-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SIC and HF groups were identified separately by differential analysis. In addition, DEGs and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in monocytes between sepsis and the HC group were identified. Then, common DEGs in SIC, HF, and monocyte groups were identified by intersection analysis. Based on the functional pathways enriched by these DEGs, genes related to the NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK)/NF-kappaB signaling pathway were selected for further intersection analysis to obtain hub genes. These common DEGs, together with sepsis-related DEmiRNAs, were used to construct a molecular interplay network and to identify core TFs in the network.Results: A total of 153 upregulated genes and 25 downregulated genes were obtained from SIC-, HF-, and monocyte-related DEGs. Functional pathway analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were enriched in NF-κB signaling pathway. A total of eight genes associated with NF-κB signaling pathway were then further identified from the 178 DEGs. In combination with sepsis-related DEmiRNAs, HDAC7/ACTN4 was identified as a key transcriptional regulatory pair in the progression of SIC and in monocyte regulation. hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-3175, and hsa-miR-23b-3p can regulate the progression of SIC through the regulation of HDAC7/ACTN4. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that HDAC7/ACTN4 may be associated with apoptosis in addition to the inflammatory response.Conclusion: hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-3175, and hsa-miR-23b-3p are involved in SIC progression by regulating NF-κB signaling signaling pathway-related HDAC7/ACTN4 in monocytes and cardiac tissue cells. These mechanisms may contribute to sepsis-induced neurovascular damage.
Mood Disorders in Young People With Acquired Brain Injury: An Integrated Model
Authors: Roberts Henrietta , Ford Tamsin J. , Karl Anke , Reynolds Shirley , Limond Jenny , Adlam Anna-Lynne R. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose/ObjectiveYoung people with paediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) are twice as likely to develop a mood disorder as their peers, frequently have significant unmet socio-emotional needs, and are at over double the risk of going on to use adult mental health services. Recent years have seen significant advances in the development of interventions for young people with mood disorders. However, evidence-based approaches to mood disorders in pABI are lacking and surprisingly little work has evaluated clinical and neuro-developmental models of mood disorders in this population.MethodWe review the literature regarding key mechanisms hypothesised to account for the increased vulnerability to mood disorders in pABI: First, we summarise the direct neurocognitive consequences of pABI, considering the key areas of the brain implicated in vulnerability to mood disorders within a neurodevelopmental framework. Second, we outline five key factors that contribute to the heightened prevalence of mood disorders in young people following ABI. Finally, we synthesise these, integrating neuro-cognitive, developmental and systemic factors to guide clinical formulation.Results and ImplicationsWe present a framework that synthesises the key mechanisms identified in our review, namely the direct effects of pABI, neurocognitive and neuroendocrine factors implicated in mood and anxiety disorders, maladaptive neuroplasticity and trauma, structural and systemic factors, and psychological adjustment and developmental context. This framework is the first attempt to provide integrated guidance on the multiple factors that contribute to elevated life-long risk of mood disorders following pABI.
Evaluation and Comparison of the Nutritional and Mineral Content of Milk Formula in the Saudi Arabia Market
Authors: Alfaris Nora A. , Alothman Zeid A. , Aldayel Tahany S. , Wabaidur Saikh M. , Altamimi Jozaa Z. 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aim:As recommended by WHO, breastfeeding is the best choice and safe for infants. The formula for infants plays an imperative role in the infant's diet and remains an excellent alternative for breast milk. The milk formula for most infants has been increasingly changed with various compositions to create a similar breast milk production. This study aims to analyze and determine the chemical composition of a few milk formulas available in the Saudi Arabian market.Materials and MethodsThirty-five milk formula samples for infants of different age categories were collected from Riyadh City and analyzed for protein, fat, carbohydrates, lactose, total solids, total non-fat solids, calcium, iron, and zinc. Among batches collected, there were 15 branded products suitable for those of age 0–6 months, five for those of age 0–12 months, four for those of age 1–3 years, and 11 for those of age 6–12 months.ResultsFor infants, the milk formula sample parameters investigated varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05). A significantly high protein value was 22.72% for a brand for infants with an age of 0–6 months, and the lowest was 11.31% for a brand for those of age 0–12 months. Fat content was high in a brand (26.92%) for infants of age 0–6 months and low in a brand (17.31%) for those aged 6–12 months. The high value of carbohydrates was found in a brand (60.64%) for those of age 0–6 months and a low one (44.97%) in a brand for those of age 0–12 months. The total energy, lactose, total solids, total non-fat solids, and minerals (calcium, iron, zinc) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) varied between milk formulas at the same age.ConclusionThere were significant variations between milk formulas of the same ages. According to age groups, some nutrients were not identical to the reference values for children's food.
Intermittent Caloric Restriction Promotes Erythroid Development and Ameliorates Phenylhydrazine-Induced Anemia in Mice
Authors: Bai Meijuan , Cao Peijuan , Lin Yijun , Yu Pengcheng , Song Shuo , Chen Lingling , Wang Lan , Chen Yan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundDietary restriction has a profound effect in altering immune system and promoting metabolic health and aging. However, how dietary restriction impacts erythroid system is largely unknown. We found that a short-term caloric restriction (CR) stimulates expression of KLF1, a master regulator of erythroid development, in the spleen of mouse, and thus explored the potential effect of CR on erythropoiesis.MethodsWe analyzed the effects of intermittent CR and continuous CR for different lengths of time on parameters of peripheral blood and erythroid profiles in the spleen and bone marrow in C57BL/6 mice. We next assessed how different types of CR affect phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in the mice. Colony formation assay was also used to analyze LK + progenitors and BFU-E in the bone marrow.ResultsIntermittent CR for 2 weeks raised the number of reticulocytes in the blood, while continuous CR for 2 weeks elevated red blood cells and hemoglobin level. Intermittent CR for 2 weeks promoted extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen, while continuous CR mainly promoted erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. Interestingly, a short-term intermittent CR but not continuous CR was able to ameliorate phenylhydrazine-induced anemia. Intermittent CR reduced early-stage erythroblasts and increased late-stage erythroblasts/mature RBCs in the spleen, indicating an accelerated transition from early-stage to late-stage erythroblasts/mature red blood cells. Furthermore, a short-term intermittent CR elevated LK + progenitors and the committed erythroid progenitor cells BFU-E in the bone marrow.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that a short-term intermittent CR, but not continuous CR, has a significant effect to promote hematopoiesis and such activity can ameliorate phenylhydrazine-induced acute anemia in the mouse.
Cardiometabolic Effects of a 12-Month, COVID-19 Lockdown-Interrupted Lifestyle Education Program for Arab Adolescents
Authors: Al-Daghri Nasser M. , Wani Kaiser , Khattak Malak N. K. , Alnaami Abdullah M. , Amer Osama E. , Aljohani Naji J. , Hameidi Abdulaziz , Alfawaz Hanan , Alharbi Mohammed , Sabico Shaun 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundChildhood obesity and pediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS) have steadily increased during the last decade in Saudi Arabia. Intervention programs to prevent cardiometabolic disorders in Arab youth are needed.ObjectiveIn this multi-school intervention study which was disrupted by COVID-19-imposed lockdowns (September 2019–April 2021), a 12-month lifestyle education program focused on improving the cardiometabolic status of Arab adolescents was investigated.MethodsA total of 2,677 Saudi students aged 12–18 years were recruited from 60 different secondary and preparatory year schools in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. The intervention was initially in-person counseling sessions and the subsequent sessions conducted virtually post-pandemic. Baseline anthropometrics and fasting blood samples for glucose, HbA1c, and lipid assessments were collected at baseline and after 12 months (704 participants).ResultsOnly 704 out of 2,677 (73.7% dropout) completed the intervention. At baseline, 19.6% of the participants were overweight and 18.1% were obese. A modest but significant decrease in the prevalence of central obesity [11.2 vs. 6.7% (−4.5% change, p = 0.002)], hypertension [22.3 vs. 11.4% (−10.9% change, p &lt; 0.001)], and low-HDL cholesterol [61.6 vs. 23.3% (−38.3% change, p &lt; 0.001)] was noted. Consequently, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia increased from 22.7 to 56.3% (+ 33.6%, p &lt; 0.001) overtime. Also, the proportion of subjects who were able to change their status from MetS to non-MetS was significantly more in overweight/obese at baseline than normal weight (16.9 vs. 3.6%, adjusted OR = 3.42, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionInterrupted lifestyle education programs secondary to COVID-19-imposed lockdowns still provided modest effects in improving cardiometabolic indices of Arab adolescents. Given the high digital literacy of Arab youth, improving the delivery of virtual lifestyle education programs may prove beneficial.
Systematic Exploration of a Catalytic Metal–Organic Framework/Polyurethane Composite for Medical Device Applications: Effects of MOF Particle Size, MOF Loading, and Polymer Concentration on Composite Material Activity
Authors: Melvin Alyssa C. , Reynolds Melissa M. 
Published: June 2022

The metal–organic framework (MOF) CuBTTri, H3[(Cu4Cl)3(BTTri)8] (where H3BTTri = 1,3,5-tris(1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)benzene), is a promising catalyst for the development of antithrombotic medical device materials via localized nitric oxide (NO) generation from endogenous S-nitrosothiols. This work evaluates the effects of three key parameters of CuBTTri-embedded polyurethane composite materials—MOF preparation/particle size, MOF loading, and polymer concentration—on the rate of NO generation. We discovered that CuBTTri preparation and particle size have a significant impact on NO generation. Specifically, hand-ground MOF particles (0.3 ± 0.1 µm diameter) generate NO at greater rates compared to larger as-prepared, raw MOF particles (0.4 ± 0.2 µm diameter) and smaller, filtered MOF particles (0.2 ± 0.1 µm diameter) for composite materials. This finding contradicts previous research for CuBTTri powder which found that the smaller the particles, the greater the catalytic rate. In examining the effects of MOF loading and polymer concentration, our data show that increasing these parameters generally results in increased rates of NO generation; though thresholds appear to exist in which increasing these parameters results in diminishing returns and impedes NO generation capacity for certain composite formulations. We found that polymer concentration is the key determinant of water absorptivity and statistically significant decreases in water uptake accompany statistically significant increases in NO generation. It was also found that formulations with relatively high MOF loadings and low polymer concentrations or low MOF loadings and high polymer concentrations inhibit the rate of NO generation. In summary, this research provides a framework for more strategic selections of key parameters when fabricating composite materials for medical device applications.
Impact of Meditation–Based Lifestyle Modification on HRV in Outpatients With Mild to Moderate Depression: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Bringmann Holger C. , Bogdanski Martin , Seifert Georg , Voss Andreas 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe scientific evaluation of mind-body-interventions (MBI), including yoga and meditation, has increased significantly in recent decades. However, evidence of MBI's efficacy on biological parameters is still insufficient.ObjectivesIn this study, we used HRV analysis to evaluate a novel MBI as a treatment of outpatients with mild to moderate depressive disorder. The Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification (MBLM) program incorporates all major elements of classical yoga, including ethical principles of yoga philosophy, breathing exercises, postural yoga, and meditation.MethodsIn this exploratory randomized controlled trial, we compared the changes in HRV indices of a MBLM group (N = 22) and a minimal treatment group (MINIMAL, drugs only, N = 17) with those of a multimodal treatment-as-usual group (TAU, according to best clinical practice, N = 22). Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were derived from a Holter monitoring device, and HRV indices have been extracted from nearly stationary 20-min periods.ResultsShort-term HRV analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the pre-to-post changes between MBLM and TAU. In particular, the vagal tone mediating RMSSD and the Rényi entropy of symbolic dynamics indicated HRV gains in MBLM participants compared with TAU. Almost no alterations were observed in the MINIMAL group.ConclusionsOur results suggest a benefit in selected HRV parameters for outpatients with mild to moderate depression participating in the MBLM program. For further investigations, we propose analysis of complete 24-h HRV recordings and additional continuous pulse wave or blood pressure analysis to assess long-term modulations and cardiovascular effects.