bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decline of intrinsic cerebrospinal fluid outflow in healthy humans with age detected by non-contrast spin-labeling MRI
Authors: Malis Vadim , Bae Won C. , Yamamoto Asako , McEvoy Linda K. , McDonald Marin A. , Miyazaki Mitsue 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundClearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important for the removal of toxins from the brain, with implication for neurodegenerative diseases. Imaging evaluation of CSF outflow in humans has been limited, relying on injections of contrast agents. Objective of this study was to introduce a novel spin-labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to detect and quantify the movement of endogenously tagged CSF without administration of tracer or contrast media, and use the technique to evaluate CSF outflow in normal human subjects with varying ages.MethodsThis study was performed on a clinical 3-Tesla MRI scanner in healthy subjects (10 males and 6 females; mean age, 47.6 ± 18.9 years; range, 19-71 years) with informed consent. Our non-contrast spin-labeling MRI technique applies a tag pulse on the brain hemisphere, including subarachnoid space, dura mater, brain parenchyma, and images the outflow of the tagged CSF into the superior sagittal sinus. We obtained 3-dimensional images in real time, which was analyzed to determine tagged-signal changes in different regions of the brain involved in CSF outflow or clearance. Additionally, the signal changes over time were fit to a signal curve to determine quantitative flow metrics such as relative CSF flow and volume. These were correlated against subject age to determine aging effects.ResultsWe observed the signal of the tagged CSF moving from the subarachnoid space to the dura mater and parasagittal dura, and finally draining into the superior sagittal sinus. In addition, there was strong evidence of a direct pathway by which tagged CSF flows directly from the subarachnoid space to the superior sagittal sinus, via the lateral wall of superior sagittal sinus. Furthermore, quantitative CSF outflow metrics were shown to decrease significantly with age.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a novel non-invasive MRI technique to evaluate CSF clearance in humans. In this study, we identified possible two CSF clearance pathways, and determined normative values and decline of CSF flow metrics in normal ages. Our work provides a new opportunity to better understand the relationships of these CSF clearance pathways in ages, which may be a significant factor in the age-related prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.FundingThis study was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants: RF1AG076692 (MM) and R01HL154092 (MM); and made possible by a grant from Canon Medical Systems. Corp., Japan.Clinical trialNot applicable.
Exploring the emergence of morphological asymmetries around the brain’s Sylvian fissure: a longitudinal study of shape variability in preterm infants
Authors: de Vareilles H , Rivière D , Pascucci M , Sun Z , Fischer C , Leroy F , Tataranno ML , Benders MJNL , Dubois J , Mangin JF 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrain folding patterns vary within the human species, but some folding properties are common across individuals, including the Sylvian fissure’s inter-hemispheric asymmetry. Contrarily to the other brain folds (sulci), the Sylvian fissure develops through the process of opercularization, with the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes growing over the insular lobe. Its asymmetry may be related to the leftward functional lateralization for language processing, but the time-course of these asymmetries’ development is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated refined shape features of the Sylvian fissure and their longitudinal development in 71 infants born extremely preterm (mean gestational age at birth: 26.5 weeks) and imaged once before and once at term-equivalent age (TEA). We additionally assessed asymmetrical sulcal patterns at TEA in the perisylvian and inferior frontal regions, neighbor to the Sylvian fissure. While reproducing renown strong asymmetries in the Sylvian fissure, we captured an early encoding of its main asymmetrical shape features, and we observed global asymmetrical shape features representative of a more pronounced opercularization in the left-hemisphere, contrasting with the previously reported right-hemisphere advance in sulcation around birth. This added novel insights about the processes governing early-life brain folding mechanisms, potentially linked to the development of language-related capacities.Highlights-Shape features can be isolated to describe quantitatively the development of the Sylvian fissure-Strong asymmetries are encoded as soon as 30 weeks of post-menstrual age-The process of opercularization is more pronounced in the left hemisphere
Model training periods impact estimation of COVID-19 incidence from wastewater viral loads
Authors: Daza–Torres Maria L. , Montesinos-López J. Cricelio , Kim Minji , Olson Rachel , Bess C. Winston , Rueda Lezlie , Susa Mirjana , Tucker Linnea , García Yury E. , Schmidt Alec J. , Naughton Colleen , Pollock Brad H. , Shapiro Karen , Nuño Miriam , Bischel Heather N. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundWastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been deployed broadly as an early warning tool for emerging COVID-19 outbreaks. WBE can inform targeted interventions and identify communities with high transmission, enabling quick and effective response. As wastewater becomes an increasingly important indicator for COVID-19 transmission, more robust methods and metrics are needed to guide public health decision making.ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to develop and implement a mathematical framework to infer incident cases of COVID-19 from SARS-CoV-2 levels measured in wastewater. We propose a classification scheme to assess the adequacy of model training periods based on clinical testing rates and assess the sensitivity of model predictions to training periods.MethodsWe present a Bayesian deconvolution method and linear regression to estimate COVID-19 cases from wastewater data. We described an approach to characterize adequacy in testing during specific time periods and provided evidence to highlight the importance of model training periods on the projection of cases. We estimated the effective reproductive number (Re) directly from observed cases and from the reconstructed incidence of cases from wastewater. The proposed modeling framework was applied to three Northern California communities served by distinct wastewater treatment plants.ResultsBoth deconvolution and linear regression models consistently projected robust estimates of prevalent cases andRefrom wastewater influent samples when assuming training periods with adequate testing. Case estimates from models that used poorer-quality training periods consistently underestimated observed cases.DiscussionWastewater surveillance data requires robust statistical modeling methods to provide actionable insight for public health decision-making. We propose and validate a modeling framework that can provide estimates of COVID-19 cases andRefrom wastewater data that can be used as tool for disease surveillance including quality assessment for potential training data.
NLRP3 Inflammasome, NEK7 and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Ozel Fatih , Ozturk Bilge Targitay , Yaras Tutku , Ekinci Burcu , Oktay Yavuz , Alkin Tunc , Aysevener Elif Onur , Direk Nese 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAssociation between inflammation and depression has been known for a long time. Activation of pro-inflammatory molecular complexes such as inflammasomes in depression was suggested as the most relevant hypothesis among many others. Psychological stress is considered to cause sterile inflammation through inflammasomes, and the NLRP3 inflammasome was proposed as a crucial molecule for the pro-inflammatory response in depression.ObjectiveIn the current study, we aimed to explore the relationship of NLRP3 inflammasome and its regulatory protein NEK7 with major depressive disorder in a drug naïve study sample.MethodsIn total 58 patients with major depressive disorder and 58 age and gender-matched healthy persons were included. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and NEK7 coding proteins were evaluated with quantitative PCR, plasma IL-1β levels were detected by ELISA.ResultsPatients with major depressive disorder had higher gene expressions of NLRP3 (p= 0.03) and ASC (p= 0.002) compared to healthy persons. Higher gene expressions of NLRP3 (OR= 1.17, 95% CI= 1.01, 1.37, p= 0.04), ASC (OR= 1.45, 95% CI= 1.15, 1.82, p= 0.002) and NEK7 (OR= 1.33, 95% CI= 1.08, 1.63, p= 0.007) were related to the increased likelihood of having major depressive disorder.ConclusionThe results of this study support the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the increased risk for major depressive disorder.
Isolated correlates of somatosensory perception in the mouse posterior cortex
Authors: Sokoletsky Michael , Ungarish David , Katz Yonatan , Lampl Ilan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo uncover the neural correlates of stimulus perception, experimenters commonly use tasks in which subjects are repeatedly presented with a weak stimulus and instructed to report, via movement, if they perceived the stimulus. The difference in neural activity between reported stimulus (hit) and unreported stimulus (miss) trials is then seen as potentially perception-related. However, recent studies found that activity related to the report spreads throughout the brain, calling into question to what extent such tasks conflate perception-related activity with report-related activity. To isolate perception-related activity, we developed a paradigm in which the same mice were trained on both a regular go/no-go whisker stimulus detection task and a reversed contingencies version, in which they reported the absence of a whisker stimulus. By comparing no-report trials across the two tasks, we located perception-related activity within a posterior network of cortical regions contralateral to the stimulus. In addition, we found this activity was on average an order of magnitude lower than report-related activity and began after the low-level stimulus response. In summary, our study revealed the mouse cortical areas associated with the perception of a sensory stimulus independently of a perceptual report.
Genomic islands of divergence betweenDrosophila yakubasubspecies predominantly overlap with chromosomal inversions
Authors: Ferreira Erina A. , Moore Cathy C. , Ogereau David , Suwalski Arnaud , Prigent Stéphane R. , Rogers Rebekah L. , Yassin Amir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the early stages of local adaptation and speciation, genetic differences tend to accumulate at certain regions of the genome leading to the formation of genomic islands of divergence (GIDs). This pattern may be due to selection and/or difference in the rate of recombination. Here, we investigate the possible causes of GIDs inDrosophila yakuba mayottensis, and reconfirm using field collection its association with toxic noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruits on the Mayotte island. Population genomics revealed lack of genetic structure on the island and identified 20 GIDs distinguishingD. y. mayottensisfrom generalist mainland populations ofD. y. yakuba. The GIDs were enriched with gene families involved in the metabolism of lipids, sugars, peptides and xenobiotics, suggesting a role in host shift. We assembled a new genome forD. y. mayottensisand identified five novel chromosomal inversions. Twelve GIDs (∼72% of outlier windows) fell close to or within subspecies-specific inversions. However, three GIDs were in collinear, high recombining regions indicating strong signal of hard selective sweeps. UnlikeD. y. mayottensis,D. sechellia, the only other noni-specialist, is homosequential with its generalist relatives. Thus, both selection and rearrangements shape GIDs and striking convergences can occur between species with distinct genomic architectures.
Reciprocal regulation between cell mechanics and ZO-1 guides tight junction assembly and epithelial morphogenesis
Authors: Haas Alexis J. , Zihni Ceniz , Krug Susanne M. , Maraspini Riccardo , Otani Tetsuhisa , Furuse Mikio , Honigmann Alf , Balda Maria , Matter Karl 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTFormation and maintenance of tissue barriers require the coordination of cell mechanics and cell-cell junction assembly. Here, we combined methods to modulate ECM stiffness and to measure mechanical forces on adhesion complexes to investigate how tight junctions regulate cell mechanics and epithelial morphogenesis. We found that depletion of the tight junction adaptor ZO-1 regulates cytoskeletal tension at cell-matrix and cell-cell interfaces in an ECM stiffness-regulated manner, possibly via differential organisation of the actin cytoskeleton. ZO-1 depletion inhibited junction assembly and disrupted morphogenesis in an ECM stiffness-dependent manner. Both processes were rescued by inhibition of cell contractility. Although ZO-1-deficient cells could assemble functional barriers at low tension, their tight junctions remained corrupted with strongly reduced and discontinuous recruitment of junctional components. Our results thus reveal that reciprocal regulation between ZO-1 and cell mechanics controls tight junction assembly and epithelial morphogenesis, and that tension-independent roles of ZO-1 control proper junction organisation.
Targeting c-Jun is a potential therapy of luminal breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Han Yuxuan , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Nakamichi Kazuya , Wakabayashi Yutaro , Sakamoto Mai , Nakayama Jun , Semba Kentaro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLuminal breast cancer has the highest bone metastasis frequency among all breast cancer subtypes, but its metastatic mechanism has not been elucidated because of the lack of appropriate metastatic cell lines. The study aim was to characterize high-osteolytic bone metastatic MCF7-BM cell lines and extract c-Jun, a novel bone metastasis marker. We found that c-Jun was upregulated in MCF7-BM cells, and its deficiency was associated with suppression of the cell migration, transformation, and stemness of BM cells. In vivo, c-Jun-deficient MCF7-TAM67 cells exhibited weaker bone metastatic ability. Additionally, c-Jun overexpression in MCF7-BM cells led to a tumor-migration promotion cycle in the bone microenvironment possibly by enhancing calcium-induced migration and releasing the osteoclast activator BMP5. Inhibition of c-Jun by JNK-IN-8, a JNK inhibitor, effectively reduced tumorigenesis activities and bone metastatic tumors. Our results indicate the potential benefits of a therapy that targets c-Jun to prevent or minimize luminal breast cancer bone metastasis.
AGO2 silences mobile transposons in the nucleus of quiescent cells
Authors: Sala Laura , Chandrasekhar Srividya , Cosby Rachel L. , La Rocca Gaspare , Macfarlan Todd S. , Awasthi Parirokh , Chari Raj , Kruhlak Michael , Vidigal Joana A. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTArgonaute 2 (AGO2) is a cytoplasmic component of the miRNA pathway with essential roles in development and disease. Yet, little is known about its regulationin vivo. Here, we show that in quiescent mouse splenocytes, AGO2 localizes almost exclusively to the nucleus. AGO2 subcellular localization is modulated by the Pi3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, a well-established regulator of quiescence. Signaling through this pathway in proliferating cells promotes AGO2 cytoplasmic accumulation, at least in part by stimulating the expression of TNRC6, an essential AGO2 binding partner in the miRNA pathway. In quiescent cells where mTOR signaling is low, AGO2 accumulates in the nucleus where it binds to young mobile transposons co-transcriptionally to repress their expression via its catalytic domain. Our data point to an essential but previously unrecognized nuclear role for AGO2 during quiescence as part of a genome-defense system against young mobile elements and provide evidence of RNA interference in the soma of mammals.
In silico repurposed drugs against monkeypox virus
Authors: Lam Hilbert Yuen In , Guan Jia Sheng , Mu Yuguang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMonkeypox is an emerging epidemic of concern. The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus and an increasing global incidence with a 2022 outbreak that has spread to Europe amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The new outbreak is associated with novel, previously undiscovered mutations a nd variants. Currently the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved poxvirus treatment involves use of tecovirimat. However, there is limited pharmacopoeia otherwise, and limited research interest in monkeypox. In this study, virtual screening and molecular dynamics were employed to explore the potential repurposing of multiple drugs previously approved by the FDA or other jurisdictions for other applications. Several drugs are predicted to tightly bind to viral proteins which are crucial in viral replication, including molecules which show high potential for binding the monkeypox D13L capsid protein, whose inhibition has previously been demonstrated to suppress viral replication.
Phyllosphere exudates select for distinct microbiome members in sorghum epicuticular wax and aerial root mucilage
Authors: Mechan-Llontop Marco E. , Mullet John , Shade Ashley 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTPhyllosphere exudates create specialized microhabitats that shape microbial community diversity. Here, we explore the microbiome associated with two sorghum phyllosphere exudates, the epicuticular wax and aerial root mucilage. We hypothesized that these exudates selectively enrich for microbiome members that support host resilience to stress. Thus, we assessed the microbiome associated with the epicuticular wax from sorghum plants under non-limiting and limiting water conditions, and the aerial root mucilage from nitrogen-fertilized and non-fertilized plants. In parallel, we isolated and characterized hundreds of bacteria from wax and mucilage, and integrated data from cultivation-independent and -dependent approaches to gain deeper insights into phyllosphere functions and phenotypes. We found thatSphingomonadaceaeandRhizobiaceaefamilies were the major taxa in the wax regardless of water availability to plants and that plant development only modestly affected wax bacterial community structure. The mucilage-associated bacterial microbiome contained several described diazotrophic species, and its structure was strongly influenced by sorghum development but only modestly influenced by fertilization. In contrast, the fungal community structure of mucilage was strongly affected by the year of sampling but not by fertilization or plant developmental stage, suggesting a decoupling of fungal-bacterial dynamics in the mucilage. Our bacterial isolate collection from wax and mucilage increased phylogenetic diversity of non-rhizosphere, plant-associated bacteria by ~20% from previous work, and several isolates matched 100% to detected amplicon sequence variants. This work expands our understanding of the microbiome of phyllosphere exudates and advances our long-term goal of translating microbiome research to support sorghum cultivation for biofuel production.
Aviation communication: the effect of critical factors on the rate of misunderstandings
Authors: Alharasees Omar , Jazzar Abeer , Kale Utku , Rohacs Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Ineffective communication consequences can be life-threatening and drastic. Communication misunderstandings are frequently reported in incidents, accidents and occurrences. This research paper aims to evaluate operator communication load in highly automated systems; distinguish and highlight the communication error factors during flight operations from different perspectives; and provide suggestions to operators to decrease the rate of misunderstandings in aviation communication.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a questionnaire that investigated the critical communication load, including aviation training, standard phraseology, operators’ native language and cultural background. In addition to the effect of using controller–pilot data link communications will be discussed widely. In this research, 110 responses were obtained from pilots and air traffic controller (ATCOs) that vary in 44 countries; approximately 20% were ATCOs, and 75% were pilots.

Findings
This study was designed to assess the level of aviation operators communication load in highly automated systems, identify and illustrate the factors that contribute to communication errors during flight operations from multiple viewpoints, and offer recommendations to operators to minimize the rate of misunderstandings in aviation communication.

Originality/value
This research deals with evaluating the operators’ communication load, which is crucial for the air traffic safety and efficiency.
An analysis of fear factors predicting enterprise social media use in an era of communication visibility
Authors: Van Zoonen Ward , Treem Jeffrey W. , Sivunen Anu 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe benefits associated with visibility in organizations depend on employees' willingness to engage with technologies that utilize visible communication and make communication visible to others. Without the participation of workers, enterprise social media have limited value. This study develops a framework to assess what deters and drives employees' use of enterprise social media.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 753 employees of a global company using an online survey. The response rate was 24.5%. The authors used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized framework.FindingsThe results show that various fears by workers may deter or motivate enterprise social media use. This offers an alternative viewpoint for examining the consequences of communication visibility in organizations. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that the fear of accountability and the fear of losing uniqueness reduce enterprise social media use through increased codification efforts. The fear of missing out is directly and positively related to collecting behaviors on enterprise social media.Research limitations/implicationsExpectations about participation in visible organizational communication environments are rising. However, as individuals may experience anxiety in such settings, the authors need to direct more analytical focus to the ways individuals manage communication visibility in organizing contexts and develop a deeper understanding of the consequences of fear in workplace communication.Originality/valueThe analysis recognizes that fear can play a key role in deterring or motivating workers' specific choices in navigating the challenges that occur when technology can make communication broadly visible. This study uses theorizing on communication visibility to bring together different fear mechanisms to predict enterprise social media use.