bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making competency‐based predoctoral orthodontics fun: Introducing Dealodontics
Authors: Tran Lyndon K. , Lipp Mitchell J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesDealodontics is a card game developed at New York University College of Dentistry for dental students to reinforce and apply basic orthodontic concepts. Dealodontics incorporates clinical photographs and questions to assess students’ skills in diagnosis and patient management. The game was designed to be an enjoyable, interactive, and collaborative learning experience, supplementing competency‐based instruction. The purpose of this project was to present this novel educational method and to evaluate dental students’ engagement and game‐playing experience.MethodsThe survey was modeled after the “Game Experience Questionnaire” and followed the same methodology collapsing 16 survey questions into eight categories. The 5‐point Likert scale was collapsed into a 3‐point graduated scale (negative, neutral, and positive). Results were tabulated and scored using methods developed by IJsselsteijn et.al. Comparisons were made between two years: 2019 (N = 385) and 2021 (N = 245). Additionally, students were asked an open‐ended question, to list three words to describe the game‐playing experience.ResultsResponse rates declined from 72% in 2019 to 50.2% in 2021. Response trends were similar: Positive gameplay experiences (competence, positive affect, immersion, challenge, and learning) and lack of negative experiences (tension/annoyance, negative affect). In the category of flow, 2021 responses were more positive (42.68%) when compared to the responses in 2019 (38.3%). Open‐ended responses were similar with “fun” being the most commonly occurring word.ConclusionsDealodontics is an effective and engaging tool for learning which can be used to supplement traditional methods.
Financial outcomes of high‐flow nasal cannula use for bronchiolitis on the general pediatric floor
Authors: Hartley Jonathan , Bettenhausen Jessica , Hall Matt , Synhorst Dave , Gay James 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an increasingly common treatment utilized for bronchiolitis on general pediatric hospital floors. This could present a financial burden for hospitals if reimbursement has not accounted for the increased costs associated with increased HFNC use. Pediatric Health Information System and Revenue Management Program data set discharges from 2018 to 2019 were utilized to calculate the ratio of reimbursements to costs as a cost coverage ratio (CCR). The CCR was compared by HFNC use, the severity of illness, and payor type. The CCR was highest at 1.68 for children with high severity and HFNC use but varied greatly by payor. The lowest CCR at 0.77 was seen for children with low severity and public insurance and indicated potential financial losses for these patients. This was lower than low‐severity patients on HFNC with private payors (1.68) and high‐severity patients on HFNC with public payors (1.18).
Challenges and Changes of the Breast Cancer Screening Paradigm
Authors: Cömert Didem , van Gils Carla H. , Veldhuis Wouter B. , Mann Ritse M. 
Published: November 2022

Since four decades mammography is used for early breast cancer detection in asymptomatic women and still remains the gold standard imaging modality. However, population screening programs can be personalized and women can be divided into different groups based on risk factors and personal preferences. The availability of new and evolving imaging modalities, for example, digital breast tomosynthesis, dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), abbreviated MRI protocols, diffusion‐weighted MRI, and contrast‐enhanced mammography leads to new challenges and perspectives regarding the feasibility and potential harms of breast cancer screening. The aim of this review is to discuss the current guidelines for different risk groups, to analyze the recent published studies about the diagnostic performance of the imaging modalities and to discuss new developments and future perspectives.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 6
Comprehensive analysis of HHV‐6 and HHV‐7‐related gene signature in prognosis and response to temozolomide of glioma
Authors: Chen Luoyi , Zhao Xinchen , Liu Yuyang , Wu Mengwan , Li Shurong , Xu Chuan , Shi Ying 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman herpesvirus (HHV)‐6 and HHV‐7 have been detected in central nervous system and glioma tissue, while their exact role in glioma remains uncertain. Omics profiles and clinical information were downloaded from public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort for training set and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas cohorts for validation sets. Differentially expressed genes between HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 infected or noninfected glioma patients were screened for establishing the HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 infection (HI) model through Lasso regression analysis. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the correlation between HI scores and prognosis, metastasis in glioma patients. Predictable efficacy of HI in temozolomide‐resistance and HI‐related genetic signatures were also explored. The HI model was constructed as: Risk score = (0.014709*DIRAS3) + (0.029787*TEX26) + (0.223492*FBXO39) + (0.074951*MYBL1) + (0.060202*HILS1). The five gene signature showed good performance in predicting survival time for glioma patients, while higher HI score is correlated with malignant features. Moreover, DNA mismatch repair genes were augmented in glioma patients with higher HI score as well as nonresponse to temozolomide treatment, which was in parallel with the transcriptomic result of temozolomide‐resistant glioma cell. Targeting the five gene signature is beneficial for prognosis of glioma patients, especially in glioma patients underwent temozolomide treatment.
Prevalence and factors associated with late diagnosis among older adults living with HIV in liuzhou, China: 2010−2020
Authors: Chu Qinshu , Zhang Xinhong , Lan Jianguo , Zhang Qi , Wei Tao , Fu Yuansheng , Fan Yinguang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper aimed to quantify and characterize the prevalence and associated factors for late diagnosis in older adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Liuzhou, China, from 2010 to 2020. The characteristics of older adults living with HIV were described separately in time, space and population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluates the factors influencing late diagnosis in HIV‐positive adults ≥ 50 years of age. The majority of older adults living with HIV were over 60 years old, male, and with CD4 counts < 200 cells/μl at diagnosis, with most late diagnoses being more likely to report heterosexual transmission. These two factors may potentially provide a positive influence on late diagnosis: older and CD4 counts < 500 cells/μl. In contrast, females and those with homosexual or other transmission provide a negative. These results suggest that late diagnosis of HIV‐positive adults ≥ 50 years of age remains a severe and growing epidemiological issue.
Clinical trials on the pharmacological treatment of long COVID: A systematic review
Authors: Chee Ying Jie , Fan Bingwen Eugene , Young Barnaby Edward , Dalan Rinkoo , Lye David C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection (PASC), also known as post‐acute coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) or the long COVID syndrome (long COVID) is an emerging public health concern. A substantial proportion of individuals may remain symptomatic months after initial recovery. An updated review of published and ongoing trials focusing on managing long COVID will help identify gaps and address the unmet needs of patients suffering from this potentially debilitating syndrome. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the international databases and clinical trial registries from inception to 31 July 2022. This review included 6 published trials and 54 trial registration records. There is significant heterogeneity in the characterization of long COVID and ascertainment of primary outcomes. Most of the trials are focused on individual symptoms of long COVID or isolated organ dysfunction, classified according to cardiovascular, respiratory and functional capacity, neurological and psychological, fatigue, and olfactory dysfunction. Most of the interventions are related to the mechanisms causing the individual symptoms. Although the six published trials showed significant improvement in the symptoms or organ dysfunction studied, these initial studies lack internal and external validity limiting the generalizability. This review provides an update of the pharmacological agents that could be used to treat long COVID. Further standardization of the diagnostic criteria, inclusion of participants with concomitant chronic cardiometabolic diseases and standardization of outcomes will be essential in future clinical trials.
The laterodorsal tegmentum and seizure regulation: Revisiting the evidence
Authors: Grogan Dayton P. , Skelton Henry M. , Fernandez Alejandra M. , Gutekunst Claire‐Anne N. E. , Gross Robert E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) is now a routine treatment option for patients suffering from medically refractory epilepsy. DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) has proven to be effective but, despite its success, few patients experience complete cessation of seizure activity. However, improving the therapy is challenging because the mechanism underlying its action remains largely unknown. One angle on improving the effectiveness of ANT stimulation is to better understand the various anatomic regions that send projections to and through this area. Here, the authors utilized a connectomic atlas of the mouse brain to better understand the regions projecting to the ANT and were particularly interested by the presence of robust cholinergic projections from the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT). A subsequent review of the literature resulted in limited studies, which presented convincing evidence supporting this region's role in seizure control present in acute rodent models of epilepsy. It is thus the purpose of this paper to encourage further research into the role of the LDT on seizure mitigation, with mechanistic effects likely stemming from its cholinergic projections to the ANT. While previous studies have laid a firm foundation supporting the role of this region in modulation of seizure activity, modern scientific methodology has yet to be applied to further elucidate the mechanisms and potential benefits associated with LDT stimulation in the epileptic population.
The father's and the mother's intrinsic work motivation and their work‐to‐family conflict perceived by the adolescent: Dyadic and triadic analyses
Authors: Li Andrew , Zhou Zhiqing E. , Shao Ping Tyra , Lin Quan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntegrating work–family conflict theory with family systems theory, we examine a potential dark side of parents' intrinsic work motivation by linking it to their work‐to‐family conflict (WFC) perceived by the adolescent at home. We hypothesize that the father's (mother's) intrinsic motivation may be positively related to his (her) WFC perceived by the adolescent. We additionally hypothesize that one spouse's WFC perceived by the adolescent is higher when his/her relative intrinsic motivation (to the other spouse) is higher. Finally, we examine gender egalitarianism (GE) as a moderator. Using data from 198 dual‐earning heterosexual couples and their adolescent child from the 500‐Family Project, we found strong support for the hypotheses pertaining to the father but no support for the hypotheses pertaining to the mother. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Comparison of interaction, structure, and cell proliferation of α‐lactalbumin–safflower yellow complex induced by microwave heating or conventional heating
Authors: Li Tianqi , Li Jinzhe , Huang Yuxuan , Qayum Abdul , Jiang Zhanmei , Liu Zhenmin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe protein–polyphenol interaction mechanism has always been a research hotspot, but their interaction is affected by heat treatment, which is widely applied in food processing. Moreover, the effects of microwave or water‐bath heating on the protein–polyphenol interaction mechanism have been not clarified. The pasteurization condition (65 °C, 30 min) was selected to compare the effects of microwave or water bath on binding behavior, structure, and cell proliferation between α‐lactalbumin (α‐LA) and safflower yellow (SY), thus providing a guide for the selection of functional dairy processing conditions.ResultsMicrowave heat treatment of α‐LA–SY resulted in stronger fluorescence quenching than that of conventional heat treatment. Moreover, the binding constant Ka of all α‐LA–SY samples was augmented significantly after microwave or water bath treatment, and microwave‐heated α‐LA–SY showed the maximum Ka. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that microwave heating resulted in more ordered structures of α‐LA into its disordered structures than water bath heating. However, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and chroma value of α‐LA–SY were more reduced by microwave heating than by water bath heating. Moreover, microwave heating facilitated the cell proliferation of α‐LA–SY compared with water bath treatment.ConclusionIt was demonstrated that microwave heating promoted interaction between α‐LA and SY more than water bath heating did. Microwave heat treatment was a safe and effective way to enhance the binding affinity of α‐LA to SY, being a potential application in food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lysophosphatidylcholine‐based liposome to improve oral absorption and nephroprotective effects of astaxanthin
Authors: Ghosh Antara , Banik Sujan , Suzuki Yui , Mibe Yasuhiko , Rikimura Shingo , Komamoto Tomomi , Kuromi Koichi , Yamada Kohei , Sato Hideyuki , Onoue Satomi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study was aimed to develop astaxanthin (AX)‐loaded liposomes by the utilization of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to improve the nutraceutical properties of AX. AX‐loaded liposomes consisting of PC (PC/AX) and LPC (LPC/AX) were evaluated in terms of particle size distribution, morphology, release characteristics, pharmacokinetic behavior, and nephroprotective effects in a rat model of acute kidney injury.RESULTSPC/AX and LPC/AX had uniform size distributions with a mean particle size of 254 and 148 nm, respectively. Under pH 6.8 conditions, both liposomes exhibited improved dissolution behavior of AX compared with crystalline AX (cAX). In particular, LPC/AX showed a sevenfold higher release of AX than PC/AX. After the oral administration of LPC/AX (33.2 mg AX kg−1) to rats, there was a significant increase in systemic exposure to AX, as evidenced by a 15‐fold higher AUC0−24 h than PC/AX. However, the oral absorption of AX in the cAX group was negligible. Based on the results of histological analysis and measurement of plasma biomarkers, LPC/AX exhibited improved nephroprotective effects of AX in the rat model of kidney injury.CONCLUSIONFrom these observations, a strategic application of the LPC‐based liposomal approach might be a promising option to improve the nutraceutical properties of AX. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dispersal limitations increase vulnerability under climate change for reptiles and amphibians in the southwestern United States
Authors: Inman Richard D. , Esque Todd C. , Nussear Kenneth E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpecies conservation plans frequently rely on information that spans political and administrative boundaries, especially when predictions are needed of future habitat under climate change; however, most species conservation plans and their requisite predictions of future habitat are often limited in geographical scope. Moreover, dispersal constraints for species of concern are not often incorporated into distribution models, which can result in overly optimistic predictions of future habitat. We used a standard modeling approach across a suite of 23 taxa of amphibians and reptiles in the North American deserts (560,024 km2 across 13 ecoregions) to assess impacts of climate change on habitat and combined landscape population dispersal simulations with species distribution modeling to reduce the risk of predicting future habitat in areas that are not available to species given their dispersal abilities. We used 3 general circulation models and 2 representative concentration pathways (RCPs) to represent multiple scenarios of future habitat potential and assess which study species may be most vulnerable to changes forecasted under each climate scenario. Amphibians were the most vulnerable taxa, but the most vulnerable species tended to be those with the lowest dispersal ability rather than those with the most specialized niches. Under the most optimistic climate scenario considered (RCP 2.6; a stringent scenario requiring declining emissions from 2020 to near zero emissions by 2100), 76% of the study area may experience a loss of >20% of the species examined, while up to 87% of the species currently present may be lost in some areas under the most pessimistic climate scenario (RCP 8.5; a scenario wherein greenhouse gases continue to increase through 2100 based on trajectories from the mid‐century). Most areas with high losses were concentrated in the Arizona and New Mexico Plateau ecoregion, the Edwards Plateau in Texas, and the Southwestern Tablelands in New Mexico and Texas, USA. Under the most pessimistic climate scenario, all species are predicted to lose some existing habitat, with an average of 34% loss of extant habitat across all species. Even under the most optimistic scenario, we detected an average loss of 24% of extant habitat across all species, suggesting that changing climates may influence the ranges of reptiles and amphibians in the Southwest.
Selective foraging behavior of seabirds in small‐scale slicks
Authors: Lieber Lilian , Füchtencordsjürgen Cynthia , Hilder Rebecca L. , Revering Paula J. , Siekmann Ina , Langrock Roland , Nimmo‐Smith W. Alex M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMarine predator foraging opportunities are often driven by dynamic physical processes enhancing prey accessibility. Surface slicks are ubiquitous yet ephemeral ocean features where convergent flows accumulate flotsam, concentrating marine organisms and pollutants. Slicks can manifest on the sea surface as meandering lines and seabirds often associate with slicks. Yet, how slicks may influence the fine‐scale foraging behavior of seabirds is only coarsely resolved. Here we show that seabirds selectively forage in small‐scale slicks. We used aerial drone technology to track surface‐foraging terns (Sternidae, 107 tracks) over evolving slicks advected by the mean flow and reshaped by localized turbulence at scales of meters and seconds. Terns were more likely to switch into high‐tortuosity foraging behavior when over slicks, with plunge‐dive events occurring significantly more often within slicks. As we demonstrate that terns select dynamic slicks for foraging, our approach will also lend itself to interaction studies with pollutants, plumes, and fronts.
MXene Reinforced PAA/PEDOT:PSS/MXene Conductive Hydrogel for Highly Sensitive Strain Sensors
Authors: Liang Jionghong , He Jie , Xin Yue , Gao Wenshuo , Zeng Guang , He Xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConductive hydrogel has a vital application prospect in flexible electronic fields such as electronic skin and force sensors. Developing conductive hydrogel with significant toughness and high sensitivity is urgently needed for application research. In this work, a strong and sensitive strain sensor based on conductive hydrogel is demonstrated by introducing MXene (Ti3C2Tx) into the micelle crosslinked polyacrylic acid (PAA)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene‐sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogel network. The functional polymer micelle crosslinkers can dissipate external stress by deformation, endowing the hydrogel with high strength. The combination of MXene both improves the polymer network structure and the conductive pathways, further enhancing the mechanical properties and sensing performance. Resultantly, the flexible strain sensor base on PAA/PEDOT:PSS/MXene conductive hydrogel exhibits excellent sensing performance with a high gauge factor of 20.86, a large strain detection range of 1000%, as well as good adhesion on different interfaces. Thus, it can be used to monitor various movements of the human body and identify all kinds of handwriting, showing great potential into wearable electronics.
Azo‐Functionalized Thermoplastic Polyurethane for Light‐Driven Shape Memory Materials
Authors: Pan Baohai , Park Soon Mo , Ying Wu Bin , Yoon Dong Ki , Lee Kyung Jin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractShape memory polymers have great potential in the fields of soft robotics, injectable medical devices, and as essential materials for advanced electronic devices. Herein, light‐triggered shape‐memory thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is reported using azido TPU grafted by the photoswitchable azo compound. The trans–cis transitions of the azobenzene on the side chain of the TPU induce the recoiling of the main chain, leading to shaping memory behavior. Under UV irradiation, cis–azo allows the oriented main chain to recoil to release residual stress and realize light‐triggered shape memory behavior. The facile method proposed here for the preparation of azo‐functionalized TPU can provide viable opportunities for soft robotics and smart TPU applications.
Atomistic Modeling of Mechanical Properties and Creep Behavior of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Srivastava Aviral , Sharma Sumit , Patel Pramod Rakt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the realm of polymer composites, the research of nanoparticles has risen in prominence. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the best nanofillers in natural rubber (NR). In this work, GO nanosheets are utilized as reinforcement in an NR composite to anticipate mechanical characteristics. The researchers project the effect of GO sheets in NR with varied volume percentages and defective GO sheet reinforcement in NR composites. When the volume percentage of GO sheet in the NR nanocomposite is 4.6% and 7.2%, respectively, the value of Young's modulus rose by 68.8% and 166.2%. GO/NR with a 7.2% volume fraction has the highest ultimate tensile strength as compared with lower volume fractions of GO/NR nanocomposites. An increase of 63.49% in ultimate tensile strength in GO/NR nanocomposites (7.2% vol fraction) is seen as compared with pristine NR. Creep characteristics of NR nanocomposites are also investigated. The results reveal that the addition of GO sheets considerably increases the creep resistance strength of NR nanocomposites. The zone of secondary creep grows narrower as the continuous stress level increases.
A regret theory of investment timing under asymmetric information
Authors: Wong Kit Pong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the optimal investment timing in a principal–agent model under asymmetric information. An owner has to delegate the investment decision of a project to a manager who privately knows the true quality of the project. Introducing regret aversion to the owner affects the equilibrium trade‐off between investment efficiency and information rent as compared to the standard model. When the project is more likely to be of high (low) quality, social loss is smaller (larger), the informed manager is made better (worse) off, and the uninformed owner is always made worse off when regret aversion prevails.