bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive reconstruction of acute acromioclavicular joint injuries using the TwinBridge button system
Authors: Balke Maurice , Wafaisade Arasch , Hoeher Juergen , Greshake Oliver 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are among the most common shoulder injuries in active young adults. The most frequently used surgical treatments include the hook plate implantation and arthroscopic treatment using flip-button systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of treating acute ACJ injuries using a new minimally invasive implant based on a flip-button system.

Material and methods
From January 2016 to October 2019, a total of 20 patients with acute ACJ injuries (1 × Type III, 3 × Type IV, 16 × Type V) underwent surgery using the Twinbridge implant (Smith & Nephew). It is a prefabricated construct consisting of two Endobuttons connected with an UltraTape. One button is placed under the coracoid using a special aiming device and two buttons are placed on the clavicle. Preoperatively, 1 day postoperatively, 3 months and at least 1 year postoperatively, patients were clinically examined and bilateral stress view and axial radiographs were obtained. At final follow-up, the simple shoulder test (SST), Taft score, Constant score, and ACJ instability (ACJI) score were recorded and a side-to-side ratio of the coracoclavicular (CC) distance was calculated.

Results
All 20 patients were contacted at final follow-up at a mean of 28 (min. 13, max 50) months. Six patients were not willing to come for a clinical and radiographic examination and were contacted via telephone. All six patients were free of complaints. Another two patients free of complaints refused radiographs at final follow-up. The patients presented a mean SST of 99.6% (20 patients, min. 91.7, max. 100), Taft score of 11.6/12 points (12 patients, min. 10, max. 12), ACJI of 85.5/90 points (12 patients, min. 78, max. 90), and a Constant score of 97.1 (14 patients, min. 81.0, max. 100) for the affected shoulder. Preoperative stress view images revealed a mean side-to-side difference of the CC distance with a ratio of 1:2.34 (min. 1:1.80, max. 1:3.33). At final follow-up, CC distance was calculated with a mean ratio of 1:1.12 (min. 1.1, max. 1:1.38). Axial images showed a proper position in all cases. A “perfect” radiological result was achieved in six patients (50%) with a side-to-side CC distance of less than 10% (ratio 1:1.1 or less). A Rockwood type II result was achieved in five patients (42%) with a distance of 10 to 25% (ratio 1.11–1.25). One (8%) presented with a Rockwood type III result with a difference of more than 25% (ratio 1:1.38) and was considered a radiological failure.

Conclusions
When used correctly, the Twinbridge implant offers good-to-excellent clinical and radiographic results using a minimally invasive surgical technique. Complication rate is comparable to other button-systems.
Design of classical-quantum systems with UML
Authors: Pérez-Castillo Ricardo , Piattini Mario 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopers of the many promising quantum computing applications that currently exist are urging companies in many different sectors seriously consider integrating this new technology into their business. For these applications to function, not only are quantum computers required, but quantum software also. Accordingly, quantum software engineering has become an important research field, in that it attempts to apply or adapt existing methods and techniques (or propose new ones) for the analysis, design, coding, and testing of quantum software, as well as playing a key role in ensuring quality in large-scale productions. The design of quantum software nevertheless poses two main challenges: the modelling of software quantum elements must be done in high-level modelling languages; and the need to further develop so-called “hybrid information systems”, which combine quantum and classical software. To address these challenges, we first propose a quantum UML profile for analysing and designing hybrid information systems; we then demonstrate its applicability through various structural and behavioural diagrams such as use case, class, sequence, activity, and deployment. In comparison to certain other quantum domain-specific languages, this UML profile ensures compliance with a well-known international standard that is supported by many tools and is followed by an extensive community.
Visual and instrumental coverage error of two dental shade guides: an in vivo study
Authors: Ruiz-López Javier , Perez Maria M. , Lucena Cristina , Pulgar Rosa , López-Toruño Ana , Tejada-Casado Maria , Ghinea Razvan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate in vivo the color agreement between natural teeth and dental shade guides by means of visual and instrumental coverage error ($$\mathrm{CE}$$CE) index.Materials and methodsThe color of the middle third of 735 incisors was visually determined by two evaluators using the Vita Classical (VC) and Vita 3D Master (V3DM) shade guides. The color match between the natural tooth and the shade tab was rated as poor (P), good (G), or optimum (O) by each observer. CIE color coordinates of the target teeth and shade tabs of VC and V3DM were instrumentally measured using a clinical spectrophotometer. Visual ($${\mathrm{CE}}_{\mathrm{V}}$$CEV) and instrumental ($${\mathrm{CE}}_{\mathrm{I}}$$CEI) coverage error indexes were computed using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 metrics for both shade guides. For$${\mathrm{CE}}_{\mathrm{V}}$$CEVcalculation, only the concordant inter-observer determination on tooth shade rated as O–O or O–G was used. The results were evaluated using perceptibility (PT,$${\mathrm{\Delta E}}_{\mathrm{ab}}^{*}$$ΔEab∗= 1.2,$${\mathrm{\Delta E}}_{00}$$ΔE00= 0.8) and acceptability (AT,$${\mathrm{\Delta E}}_{\mathrm{ab}}^{*}$$ΔEab∗= 2.7,$${\mathrm{\Delta E}}_{00}$$ΔE00= 1.8) color thresholds for dentistry.ResultsVC and V3DM exhibited$${\mathrm{CE}}_{\mathrm{I}}$$CEI(2.5, 3.2, and 3.2, 2.7 CIELAB units; 1.9, 2.3, and 2.8, 2.4 CIEDE2000 units, respectively, for O–O and O–G match) and$${\mathrm{CE}}_{\mathrm{V}}$$CEV(4.7, 4.8, and 4.1, 4.6 CIELAB units; 3.3, 3.4, and 3.4, 3.6 CIEDE2000 units, respectively, for O–O and O–G match) values greater than 50:50% AT for both color difference formulas.$${\mathrm{CE}}_{\mathrm{I}}$$CEIcontributes more than 50% (53.2–82.4% range) to the$${\mathrm{CE}}_{\mathrm{V}}$$CEVvalue. This contribution depends on the shade guide used and the quality of the visual rating.ConclusionsThe evaluated shade guides exhibited visual coverage errors above acceptability thresholds, largely due to the contribution of the instrumental coverage error to the visual coverage error.Clinical relevanceIt necessary to further improve commercially available dental shade guides to facilitate achievement of satisfactory esthetics results in clinical practice.
Trade, equilibrium prices and rents in European auctions for emission allowances
Authors: Bosco Bruno 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the price behavior of Phase III (2013–2020) EU-ETS emission allowances of CO2 by focusing on the dynamics of daily auction equilibrium prices and on the changes of the volatility of the underlying stochastic process. The paper derives the main testable statistical hypotheses (particularly that about the determinants of the conditional variance of prices) on the results derived in a model of optimal bidders’ behavior given the ETS auction rules. Tests are conducted by estimating various versions of GARCH models for both mean and variance equations of price return. Results show that the price dynamics is affected by factors including a measure of excess demand/offer and the number of winning bidders and that, contrary to expectations, reforms of the auction rules introduced at the end of Phase III explain a great part of the increased price volatility. The increased volatility is also positively associated with the bid spread and negatively associated with the number of bidders active in each auction round.
Hodge conjecture for the moduli space of semi-stable sheaves over a nodal curve
Authors: Dan Ananyo , Kaur Inder 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we prove the Hodge conjecture for a desingularization of the moduli space of rank 2, semi-stable, torsion-free sheaves with fixed odd degree determinant over a very general irreducible nodal curve of genus at least 2. We also compute the algebraic Poincaré polynomial of the associated cohomology ring.
Practical and modular construction of benzo[c]phenanthridine compounds
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Chen Qian , Wang Lei , Sun Qiaoying , Yang Yangyang , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere, we describe a general and modular strategy for the rapid assembly of benzo[c]phenanthridine (BCP) derivatives using homogeneous gold catalysis. Notably, in contrast to traditional methods based on the specially preformed substrates that have an inherent preference for the formation of this class of compounds with limited flexibility, this protocol is achievedviaa selectively intramolecular cascade of a diazo-tethered alkyne and subsequently an intermolecular cyclization with a nitrile to facilitate the successive C-N and C-C bonds formation. This methodology uses readily available nitriles as the nitrogen source to deliver the products in good yield with excellent functional group compatibility. A preliminary anti-tumor activity study of these generated products exhibits high anticancer potency against five tumor cell lines, including HeLa, Mel624, SW-480, 8505C, LAN-1. Besides, we report a catalyst-controlled intermolecular cycloaddition/intramolecular insertion of the substrate with a fulvene to provide fused polycarbocycles containing a seven-membered ring.
Potassium Channel KCNH1 Activating Variants Cause Altered Functional and Morphological Ciliogenesis
Authors: Napoli Giulia , Panzironi Noemi , Traversa Alice , Catalanotto Caterina , Pace Valentina , Petrizzelli Francesco , Giovannetti Agnese , Lazzari Sara , Cogoni Carlo , Tartaglia Marco , Carella Massimo , Mazza Tommaso , Pizzuti Antonio , Parisi Chiara , Caputo Viviana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe primary cilium is a non-motile sensory organelle that extends from the surface of most vertebrate cells and transduces signals regulating proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Primary cilia dysfunctions have been observed in cancer and in a group of heterogeneous disorders called ciliopathies, characterized by renal and liver cysts, skeleton and limb abnormalities, retinal degeneration, intellectual disability, ataxia, and heart disease and, recently, in autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. The potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1 (KCNH1) gene encodes a member of the EAG (ether-à-go-go) family, which controls potassium flux regulating resting membrane potential in both excitable and non-excitable cells and is involved in intracellular signaling, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. KCNH1 missense variants have been associated with syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders, including Zimmermann-Laband syndrome 1 (ZLS1, MIM #135500), Temple-Baraitser syndrome (TMBTS, MIM #611816), and, recently, with milder phenotypes as epilepsy. In this work, we provide evidence that KCNH1 localizes at the base of the cilium in pre-ciliary vesicles and ciliary pocket of human dermal fibroblasts and retinal pigment epithelial (hTERT RPE1) cells and that the pathogenic missense variants (L352V and R330Q; NP_002229.1) perturb cilia morphology, assembly/disassembly, and Sonic Hedgehog signaling, disclosing a multifaceted role of the protein. The study of KCNH1 localization, its functions related to primary cilia, and the alterations introduced by mutations in ciliogenesis, cell cycle coordination, cilium morphology, and cilia signaling pathways could help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological phenotypes and neurodevelopmental disorders not considered as classical ciliopathies but for which a significant role of primary cilia is emerging.
A grey-box modelling methodology to express home heat-energy usage as statistical distributions — case studies in urban Ireland
Authors: Beagon Paul , Boland Fiona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHome energy retrofit has recurred in public policy throughout recent decades. However, the savings in energy usage attributable to home retrofit have remained difficult to accurately predict. Occupants cause prediction inaccuracies by varying different factors, especially heating setpoints temperatures and heating patterns. Acting together, such occupant factors result in distributions — not single values — of heat-energy usage, even among similar homes. Datasets of heat-energy distributions can be found by building performance simulation using modern grey-box models. This study presents a methodology to simulate grey-box models of home heating through ranges of heating setpoints and patterns. An entire process to calibrate, validate and simulate at a large scale is described, and then demonstrated using case studies. Grey-box models, written in Modelica language, can conveniently simulate through large ranges of occupant factors. The case studies exploited this advantage of grey-box models to simulate empirical data on occupant factors. (For instance, empirical data found that home heating setpoints shifted before and after home energy retrofit.) In doing so, the datasets of simulation results enabled the exploration of home heat-energy usage with the normal and Weibull statistical distributions. Additionally, the heat-energy distributions of case-study homes were statistically tested, first for retrofit savings, second for equality to each other and third for equality to an official heat-energy estimate. Results demonstrate that home heat-energy usage, at a large scale, is best expressed as a Weibull distribution not normality. After home energy retrofit, heat-energy usage displays less variation (in general), less skewness, and thus becomes closer to normality. Occupant factors were found to vary home heat-energy usage into distinct distributions, even within similar homes. Therefore, in most case-study homes, heat-energy usage did not equal an official estimate. Finally, shallow retrofit of a modern home in Ireland fails to save heat-energy usage by most occupants.
Longitudinal Changes in Interracial Hate Crimes in the USA, 1990–2014: Does Racial Composition Matter?
Authors: Kros Mathijs , Jaspers Eva , van Tubergen Frank 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Studies on the relationship between racial composition and interracial hate crimes are largely cross-sectional, while little is known about longitudinal developments. This paper examines the impact of longitudinal changes in the racial composition of regions on interracial hate crimes in the USA. We use official statistics on 120,000 White on Black hate crimes that were committed across 3500 regions in the period between 1990 and 2014. Applying longitudinal multi-level modelling, we find that during this period there was an overall decline in interracial hate crimes. Furthermore, our results reveal that the decline was more pronounced in regions that witnessed a significant reduction in the share of Whites. Despite concerns that increasing racial diversity may lead to more interracial animosity and hate crimes, our study suggests the opposite. As the numerical predominance of White people in USA erodes, the number of White on Black hate crimes decreases.
Environmental Impact of Chicken Feathers Based Polypropylene Composites Developed for Automotive and Stationary Applications and Comparison with Glass-Fibre Analogues
Authors: Álvarez-del-Castillo María Dolores , Garrido-Soriano Nuria , Casadesús Marta , Macanás Jorge , Molins-Duran Gemma , Carrillo-Navarrete Fernando 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn last decades, there has been an interest in using biogenic wastes and by-products as fillers or reinforcements to produce polymer composites. Hence, new composites materials based on a blend of biogenic chicken feathers (CFs) and polypropylene (PP) are proposed in this work and compared, from the environmental point of view, with currently used materials as neat PP and PP reinforced with glass-fibres (PP-GF). A Cradle-to-Grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed in order to compare the environmental impact of these three materials when being used either for automotive or stationary applications. The mechanical properties of each material were taken into account to calculate the equivalent mass of each industrial application and the use phase and end of life (EoL) were included in the LCA study. The results showed that, for automotive applications and for all the materials studied (PP-GF, PP-CFs and PP) the use phase has a great contribution to the environmental impact categories considered, proving that the new developed material based on CFs (PP-CFs) would be appropriate for stationary applications but not for mobile applications as automotive ones. In addition, the EoL scenario considered, i.e. incineration with energy recovery, has proven to provide extra environmental credits.
Graphical Abstract
Isolated essential oils as antifungal compounds for organic materials
Authors: Taha Ayman S. , Abo-Elgat Wael A. A. , Fares Yahia G. D. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganic industrial materials are exposed to fungal deterioration; to prevent this, several additives can be used. In the present work, Egyptian cotton linters, linen textile, and parchment (goat skin) provided from industrial zones in Egypt were used. The application of eco-friendly essential oils (EOs) isolated fromPinus rigidawood andOriganum majoranagreen leaves to cotton linter paper pulp (CLP), linen textile, and parchment as bio-fungicides to protect against the growth ofAspergillus terreus,Aspergillus flavus, andAspergillus nigerwas evaluated using the fungal growth inhibition (FGI) assay and examined under SEM to show the extent of fungal infestation. By gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, the abundant compounds inP. rigidaEO were determined to be 2-methylisoborneol (29.52%), and 4-isopropyl-5-methylhex-2-yne-1,4-diol (16.53%); inO. majoranaEO, they were determined to becis-β-terpineol (15.4%), terpinen-4-ol (14.39%), oleic acid (10.75%), andD-limonene (8.49%). CLP treated at a level of 500 μL/L withO. majoranaEO showed a higher FGI againstA. niger(47.66%), whileP. rigidaEO showed a higher FGI againstA. flavus(74%) andA. terreus(100%). Parchment treated with 500 μL/L ofO. majoranaEO showed an FGI of 49% against the growth ofA. niger, whileP. rigidaEO treated at a level of 500 μL/L showed FGIs of 78% and 100% againstA. flavusandA. terreus, respectively. Linen textile treated withO. majoranaEO at a level of 500 μL/L showed a higher FGI (49%) againstA. niger, whileP. rigidaEO showed a higher activity againstA. flavus(FGI 77.3%) andA. terreus(FGI 100%). The examined SEM images of materials treated with the EOs confirmed how these EOs suppressed or prevented the growth of molds compared with the control treatments. The findings indicate that the EOs fromP. rigidaandO. majoranaconsiderably enhanced the performance of CLP, linen textile, and parchment materials; therefore, they can be recommended as promising antifungal agents with which to extend the shelf-life of these materials. This study shows the high effectiveness of the addition of natural oils that contain bioactive compounds to natural raw materials (CLP, linen textile, and parchment) in protecting against the growth of fungi. Subsequently, it is possible to protect these raw materials from deterioration and damage and prolong their lives as long as possible while maintaining the natural and mechanical specifications of the raw materials, especially in atmospheric conditions with a high humidity.
Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria in Germany: incidence and distribution among specific infections and mortality: an epidemiological analysis using real-world data
Authors: Wilke Michael H. , Preisendörfer Birgit , Seiffert Anna , Kleppisch Maria , Schweizer Caroline , Rauchensteiner Stephan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Infections with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (in Germany classified as 4MRGN) are a growing threat in clinical care. This study was undertaken to understand the overall burden of 4MRGN infections in Germany in the context of a Health Technology Appraisal (HTA) for Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CAZ/AVI). Besides, the incidences mortality was an endpoint of interest.

Methods
To assess infections with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria and related mortality, three different data sources have been used. From the German statistics office (DESTATIS) data have been retrieved to obtain the overall frequency these pathogens. Via two other databases, the German analysis database (DADB) and a Benchmarking of > 200 hospitals in a representative sample (BM-DB), the distribution of the infections and the mortality have been analyzed.

Results
DESTATIS data showed a total of 11,863 carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria codings, of which 10,348 represent infections and 1515 carriers. The most frequent infections were complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) (n = 2,337), followed by pneumonia (n = 1006) and intra-abdominal infections (n = 730). A considerable amount of patients had multiple infections in one hospital episode (n = 1258). In-hospital mortality was 18.6% in DADB and 14.3% in the BM-DB population, respectively. In cases with additional bloodstream infections, DADB mortality was correspondingly higher at 33.0%. DADB data showed an incremental mortality increase of 5.7% after 30 days and 10.0% after 90 days resulting in a cumulative 90 day mortality of 34.3%.

Conclusions
Infections with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria are still rare (6.8–12.4 per 100,000) but show a significant increase in mortality compared to infections with more sensitive pathogens. Using different data sources allowed obtaining a realistic picture.