bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the pros and cons of various in vitro methodologies for ruminant nutrition: a review
Authors: Vinyard James R , Faciola Antonio P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To decrease the time and cost of experiments as well as the use of animals in nutrition research, in vitro methodologies have become more commonplace in the field of ruminant nutrition. Therefore, the objectives of this review are 1) to describe the development of different in vitro methodologies, 2) to discuss the application, utilization, and advantages of in vitro methodologies, 3) to discuss shortcomings of in vitro methodologies, and 4) to describe the potential developments that may be able to improve in vitro methods. Having been used for decades, some in vitro methodologies such as pure, batch, and continuous cultures have been very well documented and utilized to investigate a wide array of different aspects of nutrition, including the effects of different dietary compositions, individual fermentation end products, and impacts on the microbiome of the rumen. However, both batch and pure cultures can result in a build-up of end products that may inhibit fermentation, as they culture ruminal contents or defined strains of bacteria, respectfully. Continuous culture; however, allows for the removal of end products but, similar to pure and batch cultures, is applicable only to ruminal fermentation and cannot provide information regarding intestinal digestion and bioavailability. This information for in vitro can only be provided using an assay designed for total tract digestibility, which is the three-step procedure (TSP). The TSP may be improved by coupling it with cell culture to investigate the absorption of nutrients in both the ruminal and intestinal phases of the methodology; however, the TSP needs further development to investigate all nutrients and the methodologies available for cell culture are still relatively new to ruminant nutrition. Therefore, while in vitro methodologies provide useful data in the field of ruminant nutrition without the continuous use of animals, there is still much work to be done to improve the methodologies to further apply them.
Evolutionary features of a prolific subtype of avian influenza A virus in European waterfowl
Authors: Wille Michelle , Tolf Conny , Latorre-Margalef Neus , Fouchier Ron A M , Halpin Rebecca A , Wentworth David E , Ragwani Jayna , Pybus Oliver G , Olsen Björn , Waldenström Jonas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Avian influenza A virus (AIV) is ubiquitous in waterfowl and is detected annually at high prevalence in waterfowl during the Northern Hemisphere autumn. Some AIV subtypes are globally common in waterfowl, such as H3N8, H4N6, and H6N2, and are detected in the same populations at a high frequency, annually. In order to investigate genetic features associated to the long-term maintenance of common subtypes in migratory ducks, we sequenced 248 H4 viruses isolated across 8 years (2002–9) from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) sampled in southeast Sweden. Phylogenetic analyses showed that both H4 and N6 sequences fell into three distinct lineages, structured by year of isolation. Specifically, across the 8 years of the study, we observed lineage replacement, whereby a different HA lineage circulated in the population each year. Analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of the HA lineages illustrated key differences in regions of the globular head of hemagglutinin that overlap with established antigenic sites in homologous hemagglutinin H3, suggesting the possibility of antigenic differences among these HA lineages. Beyond HA, lineage replacement was common to all segments, such that novel genome constellations were detected across years. A dominant genome constellation would rapidly amplify in the duck population, followed by unlinking of gene segments as a result of reassortment within 2–3 weeks following introduction. These data help reveal the evolutionary dynamics exhibited by AIV on both annual and decadal scales in an important reservoir host.
Phenotypic flux: The role of physiology in explaining the conundrum of bacterial persistence amid phage attack
Authors: Igler Claudia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBacteriophages, the viruses of bacteria, have been studied for over a century. They were not only instrumental in laying the foundations of molecular biology, but they are also likely to play crucial roles in shaping our biosphere and may offer a solution to the control of drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, it remains challenging to predict the conditions for bacterial eradication by phage predation, sometimes even under well-defined laboratory conditions, and, most curiously, if the majority of surviving cells are genetically phage-susceptible. Here, I propose that even clonal phage and bacterial populations are generally in a state of continuous ‘phenotypic flux’, which is caused by transient and nongenetic variation in phage and bacterial physiology. Phenotypic flux can shape phage infection dynamics by reducing the force of infection to an extent that allows for coexistence between phages and susceptible bacteria. Understanding the mechanisms and impact of phenotypic flux may be key to providing a complete picture of phage–bacteria coexistence. I review the empirical evidence for phenotypic variation in phage and bacterial physiology together with the ways they have been modeled and discuss the potential implications of phenotypic flux for ecological and evolutionary dynamics between phages and bacteria, as well as for phage therapy.
Wearable sensing, big data technology for cardiovascular healthcare: current status and future prospective
Authors: Miao Fen , Wu Dan , Liu Zengding , Zhang Ruojun , Tang Min , Li Ye 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWearable technology, which can continuously and remotely monitor physiological and behavioral parameters by incorporated into clothing or worn as an accessory, introduces a new era for ubiquitous health care. With big data technology, wearable data can be analyzed to help long-term cardiovascular care. This review summarizes the recent developments of wearable technology related to cardiovascular care, highlighting the most common wearable devices and their accuracy. We also examined the application of these devices in cardiovascular healthcare, such as the early detection of arrhythmias, measuring blood pressure, and detecting prevalent diabetes. We provide an overview of the challenges that hinder the widespread application of wearable devices, such as inadequate device accuracy, data redundancy, concerns associated with data security, and lack of meaningful criteria, and offer potential solutions. Finally, the future research direction for cardiovascular care using wearable devices is discussed.
A Novel Nomogram for Predicting Breast Cancer–specific Survival in Male Patients
Authors: Zhou Qianmei , Zhang Qingxue , Zhao Shuo , Zhang Yingying , Wang Qian , Li Jingruo 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
To compare breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS) of nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer between male (MBC) and female (FBC) patients, define clinicopathologic variables related to BCSS in nonmetastatic invasive MBC patients, and establish a nomogram for individual risk prediction.

Materials and Methods:
On the basis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 2094 MBC and 48,104 FBC cases underwent propensity score matching (PSM). We compared the prognosis of patients before and after PSM and developed a nomogram for BCSS of nonmetastatic invasive MBC patients. Internal validation was performed using the consistency index, calibration curves, and receiver operating characteristic curves. Simultaneously, data from 49 nonmetastatic invasive MBC patients diagnosed between January 2012 and May 2016 were collected for external validation.

Results:
Before PSM, overall survival and BCSS were significantly shorter in MBC than those in FBC patients. After PSM, MBC patients continued to have a shorter overall survival, but not BCSS, than FBC patients. Marital status, age, histologic grade, estrogen/progesterone receptor status, Tumor Lymph Node stage, and surgery were included in the prediction model.

Conclusions:
The nomogram developed in this study seems to be more accurate than conventional Tumor-nodal-metastasis staging staging to predict BCSS and may serve as an effective tool for assessing the prognosis of nonmetastatic invasive MBC.
Development of a Standardized Simulation: Advance Care Planning Conversations for Nurses
Authors: Parekh de Campos Amisha , Polifroni E. Carol 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Advance care planning conversations focus on articulating and documenting patients’ health care goals. These conversations should occur early and iteratively but are often not completed. Clinicians, specifically registered nurses, lack the needed training in advance care planning to have effective conversations; hands-on teaching modalities are necessary to enhance these communication skills.

Objectives
Increase knowledge and comfort in communication about advance care planning; therefore, a validated and standardized simulation was developed and tested among registered nurses. We examined the feasibility of an advance care planning simulation called Conversations Had at Trying Times to explore changes in knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy among registered nurses.

Methods
The National League of Nursing Jeffries Simulation Theory and Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory framed the study, which consisted of two stages: a) simulation development and b) simulation testing. Construct and content validity guided simulation development; standardization was achieved through International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning standards. Testing consisted of a pilot one-group pre/posttest.

Results

Conversations Had at Trying Times, a researcher-designed high-fidelity validated simulation, enhanced nurses’ communication skills. Thirty-six registered nurses completed the simulation; knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy increased pre-to posttest. Post-simulation evaluations confirmed the feasibility of the simulation. The greatest variation in results was among registered nurses with less than a year of experience.

Discussion
The study findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of the Conversations Had at Trying Times simulation in its development and outcome measurements of knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in advance care planning. Simulation is an educational modality underutilized, and Conversations Had at Trying Times is one of the few validated simulations for nurses. Further analysis showed that years of experience was a significant factor. Younger, inexperienced nurses had positive outcomes, but not to the extent of other practicing nurses, which suggests that simulation tailoring is necessary for newer nurses or alternative education modalities need to be explored. In addition, more training in advance care planning communication is needed for newer nurses through nurse residency programs, staff development, and mentorship. Finally, advance care planning communication needs to be addressed in undergraduate education to better prepare new graduate nurses.
Patients' Perceptions of Reasons Contributing to Delay in Seeking Help at the Onset of a Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Costa Idevania G. , Tregunno Deborah , Camargo-Plazas Pilar 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to explore patients' perception of reasons contributing to delay in seeking help and referral to a wound care specialist at the onset of a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).

DESIGN:
Constructivist grounded theory study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 30 individuals with active DFU attending a wound care clinic in southeastern Ontario, Canada.

METHODS:
Participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. Semistructured interviews were conducted with participants until no new properties of the patterns emerged. All interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using methods informed by constructivist grounded theory.

RESULTS:
The reasons contributing to delay to seek help and referral to a wound care specialist were (1) limited knowledge about foot care, (2) unaware of diabetic foot problems, (3) underestimation of ulcer presentation, (4) I thought I could fix it myself, (5) inaccurate diagnosis, and (6) trial and error approach by a nonspecialized wound care provider.

CONCLUSIONS:
Study findings suggest that patients and primary healthcare providers need additional education regarding the management of diabetic foot disease and DFU.
Health service improvement using positive patient feedback: systematic review and change model
Authors: Lloyd Rebecca , Munro James , Evans Kerry , Gaskin-Williams Amy , Hui Ada , Pearson Mark , Slade Mike , Kotera Yasuhiro , Day Giskin , Loughlin-Ridley Joanne , Enston Clare , Rennick-Egglestone Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients, families, and communities regularly provide feedback about care and treatment received from healthcare services, most of which is positive. The aim of this review was to examine how positive feedback creates change within healthcare settings.MethodsIncluded documents were empirical studies where the full text is publicly available in English, and where a change has occurred within healthcare services attributed to positive feedback from service users, their families, or the community. They were identified through database searches (ACM Digital Library, AMED, ASSIA, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO), forwards and backwards citation, and expert consultation. Data was synthesised into a change model describing forms, mediators and moderators of change. A protocol was prospectively registered: https://osf.io/5x46c.ResultsSixty-eight papers were included, describing research conducted in 32 countries across six continents, with qualitative (n=51), quantitative (n=10), and mixed (n=7) methods. Only two described interventional studies. The most common form of feedback was ‘appreciation’ (n=28). The most common recipients were nurses (n=29). Positive feedback was most commonly given in hospitals (n=27) and community healthcare (n=19). Positive feedback mostly led to positive outcomes categorised as (a) short-term emotional change for healthcare workers (including feeling motivated and improved psychological wellbeing), (b) work-home interactional change for healthcare workers (such as improved home-life relationships), and (c) work-related change for healthcare workers (such as improved performance and staff retention). Undesirable changes included embarrassment when receiving feedback, tension in the patient-professional relationship, and envy when not receiving positive feedback.ConclusionPositive feedback can provide the opportunity to create meaningful health service change. Healthcare managers may wish to use positive feedback more regularly, and to identify and address barriers to staff receiving feedback. Further interventional research is required to establish the effectiveness of receiving positive feedback in creating change, and to understand the influence of feedback content.
Direct haplotype-resolved 5-base HiFi sequencing for genome-wide profiling of hypermethylation outliers in a rare disease cohort
Authors: Cheung Warren A , Johnson Adam F , Rowell William J , Farrow Emily , Hall Richard , Cohen Ana SA , Means John C , Zion Tricia , Portik Daniel M , Saunders Christopher T , Koseva Boryana , Bi Chengpeng , Truong Tina , Schwendinger-Schreck Carl , Yoo Byunggil , Johnston Jeffrey J , Gibson Margaret , Evrony Gilad , Rizzo William B , Thiffault Isabelle , Younger Scott T , Curran Tom , Wenger Aaron M , Grundberg Elin , Pastinen Tomi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLong-read HiFi genome sequencing (GS) allows for accurate detection and direct phasing of single nucleotide variants (SNV), indels, and structural variants (SV). Recent algorithmic development enables simultaneous detection of CpG methylation (mCpG) for analysis of regulatory element (RE) activity directly in HiFi-GS. We generated a comprehensive haplotype-resolved HiFi-GS dataset from a rare disease cohort of 276 samples in 152 families to identify rare (∼0.5%) hyper-mCpG events. We found that 80% of these events are allele-specific and predicted to cause loss of RE (LRE). We demonstrated heritability of extreme hyper-mCpG including rarecisSNVs and SVs causing short (∼200bp) and large hyper-mCpG events (>1 kb), respectively. We identified novel repeat expansions in proximal promoters predicting allelic gene silencing via hyper-mCpG and demonstrated allelic transcriptional events downstream. On average 30-40 LREs overlapped rare disease genes per patient, providing indications for variation prioritization. LRE led to a previously undiagnosed pathogenic allele inDIP2Bcausing global developmental delay. We propose that use of HiFi-GS in unsolved rare disease cases will allow detection of unconventional diseases alleles due to LRE.
Gene copy number variation in pediatric mental illness in a general population
Authors: Zarrei Mehdi , Burton Christie L. , Engchuan Worrawat , Higginbotham Edward J , Wei John , Shaikh Sabah , Roslin Nicole M. , MacDonald Jeffrey R. , Pellecchia Giovanna , Nalpathamkalam Thomas , Lamoureux Sylvia , Manshaei Roozbeh , Howe Jennifer , Trost Brett , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , Marshall Christian R. , Yuen Ryan K.C. , Wintle Richard F. , Strug Lisa J , Stavropoulos Dimitri J. , Vorstman Jacob A.S. , Arnold Paul , Merico Daniele , Woodbury-Smith Marc , Crosbie Jennifer , Schachar Russell , Scherer Stephen W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe assessed the relationship of gene copy number variation (CNV) in mental health/neurodevelopmental traits and diagnoses, physical health, and cognitive biomarkers in a community sample of 7,100 unrelated European, and East Asian children and youth (Spit for Science). Diagnoses of mental health disorders were found in 17.5% of participants and 27.6% scored in the highest 10% on either or both ADHD and OCD trait measures. Clinically relevant CNVs were present in 3.9% of participants and were associated with elevated scores on a continuous measure of ADHD (p=5.0×10−3), on a cognitive biomarker of mental health (response inhibition (p=1.0×10−2)), and on prevalence of mental disorders (p=1.9×10−6, odds ratio: 3.09). With a rise of mental illness, our data establishes a baseline for delineating genetic contributors in paediatric-onset conditions.One Sentence SummaryCopy number variation predicts neurodevelopmental and mental health phenotypes in the general population.
CD19/CD20 Bispecific Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) in Naïve/Memory T Cells for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Larson Sarah M. , Walthers Christopher M. , Ji Brenda , Ghafouri Sanaz N. , Naparstek Jacob , Trent Jacqueline , Chen Jia Ming , Roshandell Mobina , Harris Caitlin , Gandhi Mobina Khericha , Schweppe Thomas , Berent-Maoz Beata , Gosliner Stanley B. , Almaktari Amr , Allen-Auerbach Martin , Said Jonathan , Nawaly Karla , Mead Monica , De Vos Sven , Young Patricia , Oliai Caspian , Schiller Gary J. , Timmerman John M. , Ribas Antoni , Chen Yvonne Y. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTTo address antigen escape and loss of T-cell functionality, we report a phase-1 clinical trial (NCT04007029) evaluating autologous naïve and memory T (TN/MEM) cells engineered to express a bispecific anti-CD19/CD20 CAR (CART19/20) for patients with relapsed/refractory NHL, with safety as the primary end point. Ten patients were treated with 36–165 × 106 CART19/20 cells. No patient experienced neurotoxicity of any grade, or over grade-1 cytokine release syndrome. One case of dose-limiting toxicity (persistent cytopenia) was observed. Nine of ten patients achieved objective response (90% ORR), with seven achieving complete remission (70% CR rate). One patient relapsed after 18 months in CR, but returned to CR after receiving a second dose of CART19/20 cells. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were not reached with a 17-month median follow-up. In conclusion, CART19/20 TN/MEM cells are safe and effective in patients with relapsed/refractory NHL, with durable responses achieved at low dosage levels.
Environmental, social and governance impact on financial performance: evidence from the Levant countries
Authors: Al Amosh Hamzeh , Khatib Saleh F.A. , Ananzeh Husam 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether the sustainability disclosure with the environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects has an impact on the financial performance represented by Tobin’s Q, return on assets (ROA) and return on equity indices in the Levant countries for the period 2012–2019, which was a period of turmoil and political repercussions that affected the countries of the region.Design/methodology/approachUsing the content analysis technique, the data was collected from 124 nonfinancial companies from Levant countries (Jordan, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon), and 883 observations were collected as panel data for the research analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that the environmental, social and ESG collective performance maximizes financial performance, while the governance performance influences ROA only. This suggests that companies pay great attention to various stakeholders, mainly external. Maximizing stakeholder value remains an optimal strategy to achieve the company’s financial goals. Thus, improving the disclosure levels of nonfinancial performance in the capital markets will improve the chances of growth of the financial performance indicators of companies.Originality/valueThe study provided insights about the ESG role and its impact on the financial performance of companies in a less explored context by previous literature, namely, the Levant.
Drivers of environmental and social sustainability accounting practices in Nigeria: a corporate governance perspective
Authors: Oyewo Babajide , Tawiah Vincent , Hussain Syed Tanvir 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate corporate governance mechanisms affecting environmental and social sustainability accounting practice (SAP). Four internal (quality of information technology [QIT], market orientation, business strategy and structure of accounting department) and two external (environmental uncertainty and market competition) governance mechanisms were examined.

Design/methodology/approach
The population of the study is comprised of 56 publicly listed manufacturing companies on the Mainboard of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was completed by senior finance personnel in each company in the sample. Structural equation modelling, logistic regression and quantile regression analysis were used to analyse data.

Findings
The results show that the extent to which Nigerian companies have implemented SAP is moderate. The authors find that the level of SAP implementation is significantly associated with market orientation and business strategy, but not with the QIT and structure of accounting department. The results also show that both external corporate governance mechanisms (i.e. environmental uncertainty and intensity of competition) have no significant effect on SAP.

Practical implications
The insignificant influence of external corporate governance mechanisms on SAP corroborates the contention that external pressure on companies to implement sustainability initiatives in developing countries is weak.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on sustainability in developing countries and incrementally adds to knowledge on the corporate governance mechanisms driving SAP in jurisdictions characterised by lax regulatory framework and weak institutional apparatus on sustainability.