bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropical Cyclone Data Assimilation with Coyote Uncrewed Aircraft System Observations, Very Frequent Cycling, and a New Online Quality Control Technique
Authors: Aksoy Altug , Cione Joseph J. , Dahl Brittany A. , Reasor Paul D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A unique dataset obtained from the Coyote small uncrewed aircraft system (sUAS) in the inner-core boundary layer of Hurricane Maria (2017) is assimilated using NOAA’s Hurricane Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) for data assimilation and Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) system for model advances. The case of study is 1800 UTC 23 September 2017 when Maria was a category-3 hurricane. In addition to the Coyote observations, measurements collected by the NOAA Lockheed WP-3D Orion and U.S. Air Force C-130 aircraft were also included. To support the assimilation of this unique dataset, a new online quality control (QC) technique in HEDAS scales the observation–background difference by the total uncertainty during data assimilation and uses the interquartile range outlier method to identify outlier observations. Experimental setup includes various very frequent cycling scenarios for a control that does not assimilate Coyote observations, assimilation of Coyote observations in addition to the control observations, and the application of online QC. Findings suggest progressively improved analyses with more-frequent cycling, Coyote assimilation, and application of online QC. This applies to verification statistics computed at the locations of both Coyote and non-Coyote observations. In terms of the storm structure, only experiments that assimilated the Coyote observations were able to reproduce the double-eyewall structure that was observed at the time of the analysis, which is more consistent with the intensity of the storm according to the observations that were collected. Limitations of the study and future plans are also discussed.

Significance Statement
Findings from this study illustrate the significant impact difficult-to-obtain, near-surface observations can have on improving the accuracy of tropical cyclone structure and intensity. Adding these novel measurements in a way that also includes advanced cycling and quality control techniques in data assimilation has the potential to improve public forecasts that are reliant upon detailed depictions of storm strength and boundary layer structure prior to landfall. The results speak to the importance of parallel and consistent advancements in modeling, data assimilation, and observational capabilities to improve the depiction of the tropical cyclone inner-core structure in numerical models.
Sea Surface Temperature Impact on Diurnal Cycle and Seasonal Evolution of the Guinea Coast Rainfall in Boreal Spring and Summer
Authors: Tanguy Manuel , de Coëtlogon Gaëlle , Eymard Laurence 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
ERA5 reanalyses and observations of convective clouds and precipitation are used over the northern Gulf of Guinea between 7°W and 3°E to study the influence of ocean surface temperature and the land–sea temperature gradient on Guinea Coast rainfall (GCR) in boreal spring and summer. Seasonal composites are calculated around two dates indexing the onset (Tref) and demise (Tend) of the GCR. The Tref date corresponds to the emergence of the equatorial upwelling in boreal spring, which “pushes” the zonal precipitation belt northward against the Guinea coast. The Tend date characterizes the emergence of the coastal upwelling in July, which is known to coincide with the beginning of the “Little Dry Season” that lasts until September. Along the Guinea Coast, the diurnal cycle of the air–sea temperature gradient controls precipitation through the land–sea breeze, which explains why precipitation reaches its maximum around noon over the ocean, and in the late afternoon over the continent. The emergence of the Guinea Coast upwelling in July induces a weakening of southerlies on a seasonal scale, and a weaker land breeze on a diurnal scale. It induces a decrease in the convergence of humidity transport across the coast and in coastal oceanic precipitation. Therefore, the GCR is seasonally controlled by the latitude of the maximum tropospheric water vapor content and the annual cycle of the West African monsoon, but the ocean surface temperature is responsible for the abruptness of its onset via the intensification of the equatorial upwelling around the end of May, and possibly of its demise as well via the emergence of the coastal upwelling by early July.
Low Body Mass Index in Females May Portend Inferior Outcomes After Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Propensity-Matched Analysis With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Jimenez Andrew E. , Glein Rachel M. , Owens Jade S. , George Tom , Maldonado David R. , Saks Benjamin R. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: January 2022

Background: There is a paucity of literature evaluating the effect of low body mass index (BMI) in female patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy. Purpose: (1) To report minimum 2-year patient-reported outcome scores for female patients with low BMI who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and (2) to compare these results with a propensity-matched control group of female patients with normal BMI. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3 Methods: Data were collected on all female patients who had low BMI (<18.5) and underwent primary hip arthroscopy between April 2008 and January 2019. Patients were excluded if they had a previous hip arthroscopy; had workers’ compensation; were unwilling to participate in the study; or had Tönnis osteoarthritis grade >1, acetabular dysplasia, or a previous hip condition. Minimum 2-year patient-reported outcomes were collected for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), visual analog scale for pain, and satisfaction. The percentage of patients achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), and maximum outcome improvement satisfaction threshold (MOIST) was also recorded. These patients were propensity matched in a 1:2 ratio to female patients with normal BMI for comparison. Results: A total of 43 patients (49 hips) were included with a mean ± SD follow-up of 26.9 ± 8.3 months, age of 24.1 ± 12.6 years, and BMI of 17.7 ± 0.67. These patients demonstrated significant improvement from presurgery to minimum 2-year follow-up for the mHHS, Non-Arthritic Hip Score, HOS-SSS, and visual analog scale ( P < .05). When outcomes were compared with 93 control patients (97 hips), female patients with low BMI demonstrated lower rates of achieving the PASS for the mHHS (61.2% vs 77.3%; P = .041) and HOS-SSS (39.5% vs 57.1%; P = .031). Rates of achieving the MCID and MOIST were similar between the groups ( P > .05). Female patients with low BMI also had higher rates of revision when compared with the control group, but this did not reach statistical significance (14.2% vs 7.2%; P = .171). Conclusion: Female patients with low BMI undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome demonstrated significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes at minimum 2-year follow-up. When compared with a propensity-matched control group with normal BMI, these patients demonstrated lower rates of achieving the PASS for the mHHS and HOS-SSS. Low BMI in females undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS may adversely affect outcomes at short-term follow-up.
Comparison of the Coracoid, Distal Clavicle, and Scapular Spine for Autograft Augmentation of Glenoid Bone Loss: A Radiologic and Cadaveric Assessment
Authors: Rodriguez Santiago , Mancini Michael R. , Kakazu Rafael , LeVasseur Matthew R. , Trudeau Maxwell T. , Cote Mark P. , Arciero Robert A. , Denard Patrick J. , Mazzocca Augustus D. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Glenohumeral instability caused by bone loss requires adequate bony restoration for successful surgical stabilization. Coracoid transfer has been the gold standard bone graft; however, it has high complication rates. Alternative autologous free bone grafts, which include the distal clavicle and scapular spine, have been suggested. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of glenoid bone loss (GBL) restored via coracoid, distal clavicle, and scapular spine bone grafts using a patient cohort and a cadaveric evaluation. Methods: Autologous bone graft dimensions from a traditional Latarjet, congruent arc Latarjet, distal clavicle, and scapular spine were measured in a 2-part study using 52 computed tomography (CT) scans and 10 unmatched cadaveric specimens. The amount of GBL restored using each graft was calculated by comparing the graft thickness with the glenoid diameter. Results: Using CT measurements, we found the mean percentage of glenoid restoration for each graft was 49.5% ± 6.7% (traditional Latarjet), 45.1% ± 4.9% (congruent arc Latarjet), 42.2% ± 7.7% (distal clavicle), and 26.2% ± 8.1% (scapular spine). Using cadaveric measurements, we found the mean percentage of glenoid restoration for each graft was 40.2% ± 5.0% (traditional Latarjet), 53.4% ± 4.7% (congruent arc Latarjet), 45.6% ± 8.4% (distal clavicle), and 28.2% ± 7.7% (scapular spine). With 10% GBL, 100% of the coracoid and distal clavicle grafts, as well as 88% of scapular spine grafts, could restore the defect ( P < .001). With 20% GBL, 100% of the coracoid and distal clavicle grafts but only 66% of scapular spine grafts could restore the defect ( P < .001). With 30% GBL, 100% of coracoid grafts, 98% of distal clavicle grafts, and 28% of scapular spine grafts could restore the defect ( P < .001). With 40% GBL, a significant difference was identified ( P = .001), as most coracoid grafts still provided adequate restoration (congruent arc Latarjet, 82.7%; traditional Latarjet, 76.9%), but distal clavicle grafts were markedly reduced, with only 51.9% of grafts maintaining sufficient dimensions. Conclusions: The coracoid and distal clavicle grafts reliably restored up to 30% GBL in nearly all patients. The coracoid was the only graft that could reliably restore up to 40% GBL. Clinical Relevance: With “subcritical” GBL (>13.5%), all autologous bone grafts can be used to adequately restore the bony defect. However, with “critical” GBL (≥20%), only the coracoid and distal clavicle can reliably restore the bony defect.
Comparison of Autologous Osteoperiosteal and Osteochondral Transplantation for the Treatment of Large, Medial Cystic Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Shi Weili , Yang Shuai , Xiong Shikai , Xu Mengtong , Pi Yanbin , Chen Linxin , Jiang Dong , Zhao Feng , Xie Xing , Jiao Chen , Hu Yuelin , Guo Qinwei 
Published: January 2022

Background: Autologous osteoperiosteal transplantation (AOPT) using graft harvested from the iliac crest is used to treat large cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). However, no studies have compared clinical and radiologic outcomes between AOPT and autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOCT) using graft harvested from the nonweightbearing zone of the femoral condyle of the ipsilateral knee in patients with large cystic OLTs. Purpose: To compare clinical and radiologic outcomes between patients undergoing AOPT and those undergoing AOCT for large cystic OLTs. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between March 2015 and March 2018, patients who underwent AOCT and AOPT to treat medial large cystic OLTs (>10 mm) were retrospectively evaluated. For comparability, the 2 groups were matched 1:1 based on their characteristics, including sex, age, body mass index, side of injury, follow-up period, and the preoperative cyst volume. After propensity score matching, 23 patients were enrolled in each group for the analysis. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and the Tegner score. Donor-site morbidity was recorded according to the symptoms, including pain, stiffness, swelling, and discomfort. In addition, the Lysholm score was used to assess the most common knee donor-site morbidity. Radiologic outcomes were evaluated using the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score, and the International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society (ICRS) score was obtained during second-look surgery. Results: The mean follow-up period was about 48 months. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics and lesion volumes between groups. Postoperative ankle pain VAS score, AOFAS score, and Tegner score were not significantly different between groups at final follow-up. Total donor-site morbidity ( P = .004) and discomfort morbidity ( P = .009) were significantly lower in the AOPT group than in the AOCT group. However, the Lysholm score showed no significant difference between the donor knee and the opposite knee ( P = .503) in the AOCT group. The MOCART and ICRS scores were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients who underwent AOPT from the iliac crest were found to be comparable with those of patients who underwent AOCT from the ipsilateral knee for the treatment of medial large cystic OLTs. These results may be helpful for orthopaedic surgeons to decide appropriate treatments for patients with large cystic OLTs.
Why, When, and in Which Patients Nonoperative Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Fails: An Exploratory Analysis of the COMPARE Trial
Authors: van der Graaff Sabine J.A. , Meuffels Duncan E. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , van Es Eline M. , Verhaar Jan A.N. , Eggerding Vincent , Reijman Max 
Published: January 2022

Background: The optimal treatment strategy for patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is still under debate. Different determinants of the need for a reconstruction have not been thoroughly investigated before. Purpose: To investigate why, when, and which patients with an ACL rupture who initially started with rehabilitation therapy required reconstructive surgery. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: In the Conservative versus Operative Methods for Patients with ACL Rupture Evaluation (COMPARE) trial, 167 patients with an ACL rupture were randomized to early ACL reconstruction or rehabilitation therapy plus optional delayed ACL reconstruction. We conducted an exploratory analysis of a subgroup of 82 patients from this trial who were randomized to rehabilitation therapy plus optional delayed ACL reconstruction. The reasons for surgery were registered for the patients who underwent a delayed ACL reconstruction. For these patients, we used the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form, Numeric Rating Scale for pain, and instability question from the Lysholm questionnaire before surgery. To determine between-group differences between the nonoperative treatment and delayed ACL reconstruction group, IKDC and pain scores during follow-up were determined using mixed models and adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index. Results: During the 2-year follow-up of the trial, 41 of the 82 patients received a delayed ACL reconstruction after a median time of 6.4 months after inclusion (interquartile range, 3.9-10.3 months). Most reconstructions occurred between 3 and 6 months after inclusion (n = 17; 41.5%). Ninety percent of the patients (n = 37) reported knee instability concerns as a reason for surgery at the moment of planning surgery. Of these patients, 18 had an IKDC score ≤60, 29 had a pain score of ≥3, and 33 patients had knee instability concerns according to the Lysholm questionnaire before surgery. During follow-up, IKDC scores were lower and pain scores were higher in the delayed reconstruction group compared with the nonoperative treatment group. Patients in the delayed reconstruction group had a significantly younger age (27.4 vs 35.3 years; P = .001) and higher preinjury activity level compared with patients in the nonoperative treatment group. Conclusion: Patients who experienced instability concerns, had pain during activity, and had a low perception of their knee function had unsuccessful nonoperative treatment. Most patients received a delayed ACL reconstruction after 3 to 6 months of rehabilitation therapy. At baseline, patients who required reconstructive surgery had a younger age and higher preinjury activity level compared with patients who did not undergo reconstruction.
Bipyridine containing poly(amic-acid)s: Synthesis, characterization, and sorption behavior toward the Ni (II) ions
Authors: Vakili Shaghayegh , Koohmareh Gholam Ali , Malekpour Akbar 
Published: January 2022

New poly(amic-acid)s sorbents, bearing bipyridine chelating groups, were synthesized by reaction of benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with different percentages of 4,6-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (BAPB), and 1,4-phenylene diamine (PPD) and were characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopies. Because of the imidization of these poly(amic-acid)s after about 10% weight loss, their thermal stability was raised to about 500°C. The glass transition temperatures of these polymers were in the range of 154–166°C. The sorption of Ni(II) by these sorbents from the aqueous solutions was investigated by varying different parameters such as the contact time, pH, and sorbent dosage. Results indicated that the optimum efficiencies of these sorbents toward Ni(II) were at 25°C, at pH = 4 and after about 75 min. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake capacity ( qm) of PAA30/70 as a best sorbent for nickel was 14.66 mg.g−1. The modeling results confirmed the pseudo-second-order sorption for the metal ion. The morphology of these sorbents before and after sorption of Ni(II) was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy and the results confirmed the porous structure of these sorbents. [Formula: see text]
A murine Skint6 W168X allele contributes to autoimmune disease in a transgenic model
Authors: Ju Jiyu , Wang Hui , Lian Meng , Bao Yatao , Zhang Yanyan , Xu Zhiwei 
Published: January 2022

Background The genetic factor is a great driver of systemic lupus erythematosus. A Skint6 W168X allele was previously identified in the murine lupus susceptibility rec1d1 sublocus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pathogenic role and mechanism of the Skint6 W168X allele in lupus autoimmune disease. Methods The gene-editing CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to generate transgenic models with the Skint6 W168X allele. PCR and Sanger’s sequencing techniques were applied to mRNA quantification and DNA sequence detection. Flow cytometry was adopted for immunophenotyping. Pathological evaluation of kidneys and lungs was performed using several immunopathological approaches. Results The transgenic models with the Skint6 W168X allele were created, including B6.Skint6X/X and B6.lpr.Skint6X/X strains. The B6.lpr.Skint6X/X mice showed bigger spleen and lymph nodes, more lymphocytes and effector T cell populations, more severe nephritis with more IgG and C3 deposit in glomeruli as well as worse proteinuria, and more severe lung inflammation than control B6.lpr mice. In addition, a skint6 receptor binding Skint6 peptide was identified from T and B lymphocytes. B6.Skint6X/X mice have lower percentages of skint6 receptor+ T and B cells in spleen than B6 mice. Conclusion The Skint6 W168X allele in murine lupus rec1d1 sublocus was validated to be a pathogenic mutant gene and contributes to autoimmune disease through producing a truncated Skint6 peptide of binding the skint6 receptors on lymphocytes.
The stress hyperglycemia ratio predicts early hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Chu Heling , Huang Chuyi , Tang Yuping , Dong Qiang , Guo Qihao 
Published: January 2022

Background: Different from diabetic hyperglycemia, stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) can better reflect elevated blood glucose owing to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, studies about the outcome of ICH patients with SIH are still very limited. Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether SIH measured by stress-induced hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) was associated with hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with ICH. Methods: A consecutive series of patients with spontaneous ICH from two clinical centers admitted within 24 h after symptom onset were enrolled for prospective analysis. SHR was defined as admission fasting blood glucose divided by estimated average glucose [1.59 × Hemoglobin A1c (%) − 2.59]. This study investigated the association between SHR and hematoma expansion, and short-term and long-term poor outcomes using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 313 ICH patients were enrolled in the study. SHR was markedly higher in patients with hematoma expansion and poor outcomes ( p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated SHR independently associated with hematoma expansion ( p < 0.001) and poor outcomes, including secondary neurological deterioration within 48 h, 30-day mortality, and 3-month poor modified Rankin Scale (mRS 4–6) ( p < 0.001), while the blood glucose only predicted 30-day mortality. Meanwhile, the diagnostic accuracy of SHR exhibited by area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic analysis was statistically equal to or higher than the well-known predictors. Conclusion: SHR is a reliable predictor for early hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with ICH.
A Novel Plating System for First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis: A Retrospective Comparison of Hybrid and Traditional Locking Plate Constructs
Authors: Elattar Osama , Andrews Nicholas A. , Halstrom Jared , Harrelson Whitt M. , Nair Pallavi , Shah Ashish 
Published: January 2022

Background Dorsal plate fixation is commonly used for first metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MTPJ) arthrodesis and plate design continues to evolve. A new staple compression plate (SCP) design attempts to utilize the continuous compression of a nitinol staple across the fusion site while simultaneously providing the stability of a dorsal locked plate. Herein, we compare the radiographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes of 1st MTPJ joint arthrodesis using 2 dorsal locking plate constructs including a novel SCP construct. Methods Forty-four patients who underwent 1st MTPJ arthrodesis between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. There were 2 group cohorts. Group 1 cohort included 23 patients who received a CrossRoads Extremity SCP, and Group 2 cohort included 21 patients who received a Stryker dorsal locking precontoured titanium plate (LPP). All patients were evaluated with radiographs, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures Information System (PROMIS) outcome scores, and Foot Function Index (FFI). Results The complication and union rates did not vary between groups with a fusion rate of 95.7% in the SCP group and 90.5 % in the LPP group. Similarly, we found no significant differences in PROMIS or FFI scores between the SCP and LPP plates. Conclusion Use of either dorsal locking plate construct for 1st MTPJ arthrodesis was associated with high union rates and comparable functional outcomes. As locked plate technology continues to evolve for 1st MTPJ arthrodesis, it is important that clinical outcomes are reported. Levels of Evidence: Level IV