bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual and environmental dimorphism of the frequency of significant correlations of body mass and height with feet features among 7-13-year-old adolescents
Authors: Mrozkowiak Mirosław , Posłuszny Mariusz 
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the sexual and environmental dimorphism of the frequency of significant correlations between body weight and height with selected feet features among 7–13-year-old children.
Material and method. The research among 7-13-year-old children was being carried out over a period of 3 years in 6 semi-annual editions and allowed to register 16,462 observations of the value of 48 features describing feet, weight, and height of the body. The photogrammetric method was used to measure selected features.
Conclusions

Among 7-13-year-old children, the body height is more often associated with the features of the feet than the body weight.
Among girls, the proportions of the frequency of body height correlations are similar to the percentage of boys, where body weights are more frequent. The mass and body height shows more frequent associations with feet features among children living in the city than among children from the countryside.
The most frequent significant correlations between body weight and height and the features of the feet occur among boys living in the city. Whereby the percentage of body weight correlations in the rural environment is very low. The frequency of body weight and height correlations exceeds that percentage of correlations among girls, who live in the city than in those from rural environment.
Omnichannel Services: The False Premise and Operational Remedies
Authors: Baron Opher , Chen Xiaole , Li Yang 
Published: April 2022

The notion of omnichannel, an integration of brick-and-mortar stores with online channels, has been thriving in recent years and is reforming the traditional service industry. Many service chains, such as Starbucks and McDonald’s, established omnichannel capability by allowing customers to order online in advance before visiting stores for pickup. The premise of omnichannel services is that when customers take advantage of the low-cost-of-waiting online channel, both their utility and the provider’s revenue will increase. Although simply adding an online-ordering option to the conventional walk-in model stimulates revenue, it also inflicts interference on the walk-in channel. We show that online ordering inadvertently reduces customers’ individual utility and social welfare when both channels are used in equilibrium. Moreover, the less it costs to order and wait online, the more the social welfare is reduced. We then evaluate two industry state-of-the-art operational remedies: regulating the use of the online channel and establishing channel-dedicated capacities. Although both remedies may improve the throughput over the walk-in-only service or even the first-come-first-served omnichannel service, they are unlikely to achieve this without jeopardizing the social welfare. We thus propose prioritizing walk-in customers and show that such prioritization can deliver this premise—that is, simultaneously benefiting the service provider and customers in comparison with the conventional walk-in-only service when both channels are used in equilibrium. Our results highlight that creating an efficient marketplace requires synergy between innovative technology and effective operational strategies. This paper was accepted by Victor Martinez de Albéniz, operations management. Funding: Y. Li was supported in part by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [Project 14505820]. Supplemental Material: The technical supplement and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4416 .
A nurse-led pre-hospital triage service for identifying patients with occlusive myocardial infarction: a service evaluation
Authors: Knoery Charles , Bloe Charlie , Iftikhar Aleeha , Bond Raymond , Manktelow Matthew , McGilligan Victoria , Rjoob Khaled , Peace Aaron , McShane Anne , Heaton Janet , Leslie Stephen James 
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims Acute coronary syndromes include unstable angina and myocardial infarction, of which occlusive myocardial infarction is a high-risk subset that is often missed because of a lack of ST elevation. Pre-hospital electrocardiograms may be able to identify myocardial infarction early and reduce mortality. However, it is unclear whether pre-hospital electrocardiograms can accurately detect occlusive myocardial infarction and how this affects outcomes. This study will analyse the outcomes of patients with occlusive myocardial infarction who had a pre-hospital electrocardiogram. Method Electrocardiograms transmitted to the coronary care unit triage service were identified, along with data regarding patient demographics, referrals and mortality. Data were analysed for correlations between demographic and clinical factors and type of myocardial infarction. Results A total of 838 electrocardiograms were identified; 69 (8.2%) showed myocardial infarction and eight (1.0%) showed occlusive myocardial infarction, of which 50% had ST elevation. Patients with occlusive myocardial infarction were more likely to be triaged to the coronary care unit than patients with non-occlusive myocardial infarction (P=0.04). However, 38 (55.1%) of the patients with myocardial infarction and four (50.0%) of the patients with occlusive myocardial infarction were not directed to a coronary care unit or the catheterisation laboratory. Patients with occlusive myocardial infarction had higher index episode mortality rates (P=0.03) and 30-day mortality rates (P<0.01). Conclusions Despite pre-hospital electrocardiogram transmission and adherence to the guidelines, triage of myocardial infarction and occlusive myocardial infarction is imperfect. Refinement of risk scores and adaptation of new technology is required to help identify patients with occlusive myocardial infarction so they can be prioritised for immediate reperfusion therapy.
Assessing Youth Safety Knowledge with the Agricultural Experience Tracker (AET)
Authors: Smalley Scott W. , Perry Dustin K. , Shultz Alyx , Lawver Rebecca G. , Pate Michael Lynn , Hanagriff Roger , Ewell Clay 
Published: April 2022

HighlightsThe data generated in this study meet a need for a national sample of youth to examine youth safety knowledge.Changing demographics of youth with limited agriculture experience should be considered in the design of safety training and design of agricultural equipment.Future research is needed to determine the impact of safety training and at what point students receive this instruction in agricultural education programs.Abstract. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety knowledge of youth in high school agricultural education. The target population consisted of youth ages 14 to 18 who were enrolled in school-based agricultural education (SBAE) programs that used the Agricultural Experience Tracker (AET) safety knowledge assessment between May 2019 and June 2020 (N = 1,451). The safety knowledge questions were randomly generated from the curriculum resources of the National Safe Tractor and Machinery Operation Program (NSTMOP). The test consisted of 50 multiple-choice questions, with one point awarded for each correct answer, and covered topics such as safety basics, agricultural hazards, tractors, connecting and using implements with tractors, and materials handling. The majority of students were male (n = 847, 58.4%). The highest proportion of students were enrolled in the 11th grade at the time of the test. Most respondents indicated that they were from a rural area (52.0%). Test scores for the 1,451 students ranged from a minimum of 4% to a maximum of 98%. Within each independent variable, test scores averaged in the low 60s, with the exception of test scores for students in 9th grade, which averaged 56.43%. Research and continuing education are needed to influence the behavior of young workers in agricultural settings. Keywords: Assessment, Education, Safety, Youth.
Work Ability Among Older Adult Farm Workers in Thailand
Authors: Lertvarayut Teepapipat , Arphorn Sara , Tangtong Chaiyanun , Maneerat Yaowapa , Ishimaru Tomohiro 
Published: April 2022

HighlightsFarm work is characterized by physically demanding activities that are frequently associated with ergonomic and injury risks. Farm workers’ psychomotor abilities and muscle mass decrease with age, leading to increased injury risk and decreased work ability.Work ability (WA) was measured using the Work Ability Index (WAI), a self-assessment questionnaire. Results showed that the most common WA level was moderate. WAI scores were correlated with demographic characteristics and health behaviors.The findings suggest that improvement programs should promote enhanced work ability for aging workers to prevent injuries and premature retirement.Abstract. This study assessed the work ability (WA) and identify the factors affecting WA among older adult farm workers in Thailand. A total of 170 older adult farm workers (90 male, 80 female) completed a two-part WA self-assessment questionnaire comprising work-related items and the Work Ability Index (WAI) to determine WA. Total WAI scores ranged from 7 to 49. The average WAI score was 36.0, which is a moderate level. Univariate correlation analysis showed that WAI level was associated with regular medication intake, exercise behavior, sleep duration, health status, and pain symptoms. Body height and income were significantly associated with WAI score. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that WAI level was significantly associated with exercise behavior (odds ratio = 3.12, 95% CI [-1.91, -0.36], p &lt; 0.05) and sleep duration (odds ratio = 2.44, 95% CI [-1.53, -0.26], p &lt; 0.05). WAI score was significantly associated with body height. Older adult farm workers’ WA was generally moderate, and it did not differ by sex. The findings suggest that enhancing older adult workers’ exercise behavior, sleep duration, and related factors would restore or increase their ability to work, promote their health, prevent injuries, and prevent early retirement and work-related disability. Keywords: Aging, Farm worker, Older adult, Thailand, Work ability, Work ability index.
Prediction of wavefront distortion for wavefront sensorless adaptive optics based on deep learning
Authors: Li Yushuang , Yue Dan , He Yihao 
Published: April 2022

Aimed at the slow detection speed and low measurement accuracy of wavefront aberration in current wavefront sensorless adaptive optic technology, different convolution neural networks (CNNs) are established to detect the turbulence wavefront, including an ordinary convolutional neural network, a ResNet network, and an EfficientNet-B0 network. By using the nonlinear fitting ability of deep neural networks, the mapping relationship between Zernike coefficients and focal degraded image can be established. The simulation results show that the optimal network model after training can quickly and efficiently predict the Zernike coefficients directly from a single focal degraded image. The root-mean-square errors of the wavefront detection accuracy of the three networks are

0.075

λ

,

0.058

λ

, and

0.013

λ

, and the time consumed for predicting the wavefront from the single degraded image are 2.3, 4.6, and 3.4 ms, respectively. Among the three networks presented, the EfficientNet-B0 CNN has obvious advantages in wavefront detection accuracy and speed under different turbulence intensities than the ordinary CNN and ResNet networks. Compared with the traditional method, the deep learning method has the advantages of high precision and fast speed, without iteration and the local minimum problem, when solving wavefront aberration.
“I’m suffering for food”: Food insecurity and access to social protection for TB patients and their households in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Vanleeuw Lieve , Zembe-Mkabile Wanga , Atkins Salla 
Published: April 2022

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health concern and the number one cause of death in South Africa. Social protection programmes can strengthen the resilience of TB patients, their families and households. This study aimed to get a better understanding of the role of social protection and other forms of support in relation to the burden of TB on patients and their households in South Africa.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional exploratory qualitative study using a phenomenological approach to focus on the lived experiences and perceptions of TB patients and healthcare workers. We interviewed 16 patients and six healthcare workers and analysed data thematically.

Results
The challenges faced by participants were closely related to household challenges. Participants reported a heavy physical burden, aggravated by a lack of nutritious food and that households could not provide the food they needed. Some needed to resort to charity. At the same time, households were significantly affected by the burden of caring for the patient—and remained the main source of financial, emotional and physical support. Participants reported challenges and costs associated with the application process and high levels of discretion by the assessing doctor allowing doctors’ opinions and beliefs to influence their assessment.

Conclusion
Access to adequate nutritious food was a key issue for many patients and this need strained already stretched households and budgets. Few participants reported obtaining state social protection support during their illness, but many reported challenges and high costs of trying to access it. Further research should be conducted on support mechanisms and interventions for TB patients, but also their households, including food support, social protection and contact tracing. In deciding eligibility for grants, the situation of the household should be considered in addition to the individual patient.
Efficacy assessment of a novel endolysin PlyAZ3aT for the treatment of ceftriaxone-resistant pneumococcal meningitis in an infant rat model
Authors: Valente Luca G. , Le Ngoc Dung , Pitton Melissa , Chiffi Gabriele , Grandgirard Denis , Jakob Stephan M. , Cameron David R. , Resch Grégory , Que Yok-Ai , Leib Stephen L. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Treatment failure in pneumococcal meningitis due to antibiotic resistance is an increasing clinical challenge and alternatives to antibiotics warrant investigation. Phage-derived endolysins efficiently kill gram-positive bacteria including multi-drug resistant strains, making them attractive therapeutic candidates. The current study assessed the therapeutic potential of the novel endolysin PlyAZ3aT in an infant rat model of ceftriaxone-resistant pneumococcal meningitis.

Methods
Efficacy of PlyAZ3aT was assessed in a randomized, blinded and controlled experimental study in infant Wistar rats. Meningitis was induced by intracisternal infection with 5 x 107 CFU/ml of a ceftriaxone-resistant clinical strain of S. pneumoniae, serotype 19A. Seventeen hours post infection (hpi), animals were randomized into 3 treatment groups and received either (i) placebo (phosphate buffered saline [PBS], n = 8), (ii) 50 mg/kg vancomycin (n = 10) or (iii) 400 mg/kg PlyAZ3aT (n = 8) via intraperitoneal injection. Treatments were repeated after 12 h. Survival at 42 hpi was the primary outcome; bacterial loads in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were secondary outcomes. Additionally, pharmacokinetics of PlyAZ3aT in serum and CSF was assessed.

Results
PlyAZ3aT did not improve survival compared to PBS, while survival for vancomycin treated animals was 70% which is a significant improvement when compared to PBS or PlyAZ3aT (p<0.05 each). PlyAZ3aT was not able to control the infection, reflected by the inability to reduce bacterial loads in the CSF, whereas Vancomycin sterilized the CSF and within 25 h. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that PlyAZ3aT did not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). In support, PlyAZ3aT showed a peak concentration of 785 μg/ml in serum 2 h after intraperitoneal injection but could not be detected in CSF.

Conclusion
In experimental pneumococcal meningitis, PlyAZ3aT failed to cure the infection due to an inability to reach the CSF. Optimization of the galenic formulation e.g. using liposomes might enable crossing of the BBB and improve treatment efficacy.
Do family and maternal background matter? A multilevel approach to modelling mental health status of Australian youth using longitudinal data
Authors: Hashmi Rubayyat , Alam Khorshed , Gow Jeff , March Sonja 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Most previous research place great importance on the influence of family and maternal background on child and adolescents’ mental health. However, age of onset studies indicates that the majority of the mental health disease prevalence occurs during the youth years. This study investigates the relationship of family and maternal background, as well as individual circumstance on youth mental health status.

Method
Data from 975 participants and 4632 observations of aged cohort 15 to 19 years in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal study were followed for 10 years (2007–2017). Multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyse the impact of youth circumstances on mental health status.

Results
The findings suggests that not all dimensions of family and maternal background (especially maternal education) have impacts on youth mental health. We found low household income (AOR: 1.572, 95% CI: 1.017–2.43) and adverse living arrangement (AOR: 1.586, 95% CI: 1.097–2.294) significantly increases mental disorder odds whereas maternal education or occupation fixed effects were not significant. Individual level circumstances have much stronger impact on youth mental health. We found financial shock (AOR: 1.412, 95% CI: 1.277–1.561), life event shock (AOR: 1.157, 95% CI: 1.01–1.326), long term health conditions (AOR: 2.855, 95% CI: 2.042–3.99), smoking (AOR: 1.676, 95% CI: 1.162–2.416), drinking (AOR: 1.649, 95% CI: 1.286–2.114) and being female (AOR: 2.021, 95% CI: 1.431–2.851) have significant deteriorating effects on youth mental health.

Conclusions
Our finding is in contrast to the majority of studies in the literature which give a preeminent role to maternal characteristics in child and youth mental health status. Mental health interventions should consider heterogeneity of adverse youth circumstances and health-related behaviours.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FEATURES OF SURFACE MICROBIAL COMPLEXES OF LICHENS AND THEIR GROWTH SUBSTRATES
Authors: Skugoreva Svetlana Gennad'yevna , Domracheva Lyudmila Ivanovna , Fokina Anna Ivanovna , Domnina Elena Alexandrovna , Kulakov Vasiliy Nikolayevich , Korotkikh Anastasiya Igorevna , Ashikhmina Tamara Yakovlevna 
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and features of the surface microbial complexes of three species of epigeic lichens (Cladonia rangiferina (L.), Cetraria islandica (L.), Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.)), one species of epiphytic lichen (Hypogymni aphysodes (L.) Nyl.) and their growth substrates. It was found that the accumulation of inorganic ions by epigeic lichens exceeds their content in the soil by 4–450 times. Maximum biochemical mobility is characteristic of nutrients (potassium ions, phosphate ions). P. horizontalis and C. islandica were characterized by high biochemical mobility of copper and zinc, and H. physodes of cadmium and lead, and therefore these species of lichens can be considered bioaccumulators of these elements. The epiphytic lichen H. physodes was characterized by a relatively high content of phenolic compounds, which indicates its good antioxidant properties. Different physiological groups made the maximum contribution to the structure of microbial populations on the surface of lichens. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria dominated in the microbial complex in the epiphytic lichen H. physodes, and ammonifiers in the epigeic lichens. There is a direct correlation between the number of ammonifiers and the total number of microorganisms on the surface of epigeic lichens and their number in the soil under lichens. The gram-positive spore bacterium Bacillus polymyxa was isolated from the surface of the leafy lichen C. rangiferina (L.) into a pure culture, for which a high antagonistic activity was established with respect to phytopathogenic fungi pp. Fusarium and Alternaria. In the future, this strain can become the basis for the creation of an environmentally friendly biological product to combat plant diseases.
PROCESSING OF SUNFLOWER HUSK BY OXIDATIVE TORREFACTION
Authors: Islamova Svetlana Ivanovna , Dobrynin Aleksey Borisovich 
Published: April 2022

The paper presents for the first time an experimental study of the processing of sunflower husk pellets by oxidative torrefaction inside a kaolin chamotte layer. The process temperature was 280 °C, which contributed to significant changes in the chemical composition, thermal properties and morphology of plant biomass. Kaolin chamotte was used to limit the supply of oxygen to sunflower husk and suppress oxidation reactions and didn’t have a catalytic effect on the biomass destruction process. Torrefaction time and layer height of kaolin chamotte varied in the range of 30-60 min and 3-5 cm, respectively. As a result of oxidative torrefaction, a decrease in the amount of volatiles in sunflower husk was obtained, as well as an increase in ash content and fixed carbon. Comparison of the atomic ratios H/C and O/C before and after torrefaction showed that the elemental composition of sunflower husk shifted toward peat. The maximum value of the heat of combustion (22 MJ/kg) was obtained for the sample torrefied at 60 min and 4 cm. The diffusion mode of torrefaction was carried out at the investigated temperature, and the process time had the greatest influence on the change in the mass yield. It was found that during oxidative torrefaction kaolin chamotte effectively reduced the diffusion of oxygen into the biomass and suppressed the oxidation reactions. The obtained torrefied sunflower husk were characterized by improved fuel properties, which can positively affect the speed and efficiency of their subsequent thermochemical conversion.
ANALYSIS OF EXTRACTION PRODUCTS AND WATER-ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS OF TECHNICAL BIRCH BARK UNDER THE ACTION OF MICROWAVE EMF
Authors: Koptelova Elena Nikolaevna , Kutakova Natal'ia Alekseevna , Tretjakov Sergey Ivanovich , Faleva Anna Viktorovna 
Published: April 2022

Research has been carried out on the separation of betulin and suberin from the debarking waste of the pulpwood of the Arkhangelsk PPM, crushed on an abrasive crusher. The extraction of betulin from various fractions of technical bark was carried out by the method of extraction with 86% ethyl alcohol using microwave EMF (microwave extraction). Suberin was isolated from the extracted bark by hydrolysis with an aqueous solution of KOH also under microwave heating conditions. The maximum yield of betulin and suberin is achieved when using coarse bark fractions (3–4.5 mm), which are crushed birch bark.
The resulting products were identified by IRS, NMR, and GC with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The quantitative content of components in bark extracts was determined by HPLC analysis. The triterpenoid betulinol (70–72%) predominates in the composition of extractives, betulinic acid, lupeol, and erythrodiol are less represented. Fatty, dibasic carboxylic acids and hydroxy acids were identified in the composition of suberin monomers, 2-hydroxydecanedionic (2-hydroxysebacic) acid dominates. The quantitative content of ferulic acid, a natural antioxidant, was determined in the product from different fractions of the bark (from 2.65 to 11.27 g/kg). Suberin obtained from small fractions of the bark differs from suberin from large fractions in composition. Ribofuranose and xylose were found in the product from the 1–2 mm bark fraction, but absent in the product from the 2–3 mm fraction; lanosterol is present in suberin from the small fraction of the bark, cycloartenol from the large one.