bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A separations and purification process for improving yields and meeting fuel contaminant specifications for high‐octane gasoline produced from dimethyl‐ether over a Cu/BEA catalyst
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Ruddy Daniel A. , Nash Connor P. , Harris Kylee , Christensen Earl D. , Dupuis Daniel P. , Tan Eric C.D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe have been developing a three‐step conversion of biomass‐derived syngas to methanol to dimethyl‐ether (DME) to non‐aromatic hydrocarbons for use as high‐octane gasoline and sustainable aviation fuel. This process produces branched alkanes from DME using a Cu/BEA catalyst and is a promising alternative to other syngas conversion processes such as Fischer–Tropsch to linear alkanes and traditional ZSM‐5 catalyzed methanol to aromatic gasoline. In this short article we describe some advances in our understanding related to separation and purification via the use of more detailed experimental speciation in an updated process model involving multiple‐phase equilibrium‐based separation steps. The primary modeled reactor outlet constituents (and wt%) are: C3 and lighter hydrocarbon gases (11.1%), C4s (54.5%), H2 (1.2%), CO2 (2.9%), water (5.0%), unreacted DME (16.5%), methanol (2.3%) and C5+ hydrocarbons (6.4%). Dimethyl‐ether (the primary reactant) and H2 recycling and reuse are important for the overall process efficiency, and the recycling of C4s is important to increase the C5+ yield via reactivation and homologation. Thus H2, C4s and DME are targeted for recycling, while methanol and water need to be removed from the product to conform with fuel specifications. Model predictions from Aspen Plus using the NRTL‐RK property method indicate a fuel composition with a C5+ content of 97.1 wt%, with the minor constituents 2.4 wt% C4s, 0.3 wt% methanol, 0.1 wt% DME, 0.03 wt% water and 0.01 wt% C3s. These ranges of minor components conform with fuel quality requirements, and the modeled product is amenable for unconstrained blending to boost gasoline octane ratings. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorus‐doped Pt nanowires as efficient catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution and methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Wahidah Hafidatul , Hong Jong Wook 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne‐dimensional nanostructures have drawn substantial attention because of their unique properties and potential applications. Furthermore, doping nonmetal elements in metal nanostructures also exhibits great potential for enhancing various electrocatalytic reactions. Doping nonmetal elements without affecting the morphology of nanostructure is difficult. Using phosphorization treatment on presynthesized Pt nanowires (NWs), we effectively synthesize phosphorus‐doped Pt NWs (Pt–P NWs). In the electrochemical hydrogen evolution and methanol oxidation reaction, the prepared Pt–P NWs demonstrated the highest catalytic activities compared with Pt NWs and commercial Pt/C. These results demonstrate that phosphorus doping effectively tuned the electronic structure of Pt NWs that enhance the intrinsic activity.
A Propylpyridinyl Triazine Salt for Dual‐Band Electrochromic Devices with Accelerated Response by Sulfonyl Group
Authors: Wang Xinchu , Zhang Lan , Shi Xinjiang , Xiao Sixuan , Xiao Debao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe chromophore 2,4,6‐tri(pyridyl‐4‐(3‐sulphonatopropyl))‐1,3,5‐triazine (TPST) was used in hydrogel electrochromic devices (ECDs). The hydrogel consists of TPST, K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] (K3) or 1,1’‐ferrocenedimethanol (FM), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The devices showed dual‐band properties, K3‐TPST exhibiting absorption in NIR region at low voltage, while absorption of ECDs blue‐shifting at −2.8 V. ECDs changed from transparent to olive green to black with a coloration efficiency of >126.74 cm2/C at 850 nm and high cycling stability. The optical contrast of FM‐TPST ECD remains 79.3 % of the first cycle contrast after 2100 cycles. TPST can change its color from transparent to black at a high voltage of −2.2 V, with relatively short switching times (FM‐TPST, 5.3 s, and K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]‐TPST, 3.8 s). The response was accelerated up to 5 times by introducing a sulfonyl group with comparison to our previous work. The devices using TPST with sulfonyl moiety provide a new way for the fast‐response energy‐saving smart windows.
Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin – Instandsetzung der Fassade
Authors: Einck Jürgen , Schindel Jochen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDie Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin entstand von 1965 bis 1968 nach den Plänen des Architekten Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Nach fast 50‐jähriger Nutzung musste die denkmalgeschützte Architekturikone saniert werden. Mit der Planung dieser anspruchsvollen Sanierungsmaßnahme wurde 2012 das Büro David Chipperfield Architects beauftragt. Die Bestandsfassade wies keine Möglichkeit zur Aufnahme thermischer Dehnungen auf, was in der Vergangenheit zu Zwängungen und Verwerfungen der Konstruktion und häufig zu Glasbrüchen der übergroßen Scheiben führte. Bei der fassadentechnischen Sanierungsplanung mussten die konstruktiven Restriktionen behoben werden; das Ganze denkmalgerecht, wie das Ergebnis zur Wiedereröffnung des Mies‐Baus seit April 2021 beweist.Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin – Restoration of the facade. The „Neue Nationalgalerie“ in Berlin was built from 1965 to 1968 according to the plans of the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. After almost 50 years of use, the listed architectural icon had to be renovated. In 2012, David Chipperfield Architects was commissioned to plan this ambitious renovation project. The existing facade had no possibility of absorbing thermal expansions, which in the past led to constraints and distortions of the construction and often to glass breaks of the oversized panes. In the facade renovation planning, the structural restrictions had to be removed; the whole thing is in accordance with monument regulations, as the result for the reopening of the Mies building since April 2021 proves.
320 S Canal Street | Chicago
Authors: Wagner Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDie Fassade der Lobby zeigt großformatige Verglasungen aus dreifach laminiertem TVG mit beidseitiger reflexionsdämpfender Beschichtung. Aus der Fassadenebene heraus sind die Scheiben mit 4‐fach laminierten Glasschwertern aus TVG gehalten. Die Verbindungen zwischen den Fassadenverglasungen und den Glasschwertern sind über ein stirnseitig am Glasschwert angeklebtes Aluminiumprofil und rückseitig an den Fassadengläsern angeklebten Adapterrahmen mit Toggles ausgeführt. Die Schwerter wiederum sind in ihrer schwachen Achse durch die Fassadenverglasungen gestützt, um diese gegen Biegedrillknicken zu versteifen. Die Fassade muss unterschiedliche Setzungen des Untergrundes sowie seitliche Bewegungen des oberen Anbindepunktes aufnehmen. Aufgrund der Größe der einzelnen Fassadengläser ist dies eine Herausforderung, insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Eckverglasung. Ein weiterer Punkt, welcher erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit verdient, sind die recht schlanken Portalrahmen aus Edelstahl, welche aus der Ebene heraus ebenso an den Glasschwertern angebunden sind. Diese schlanken Edelstahl Rahmen müssen das Gewicht der darüber befindlichen Fassadengläser mit einer Höhe von 9 m sicher abtragen.320 S Canal Street | Chicago. Glass fin supported facade with huge face glass panels and anti‐reflective coating on both surfaces. For the Project 12.5 m long glass fins are set on the concrete floor at the base and supported against the steel beams at the top. The face glass is mounted as a single piece and also dead load supported at the base. The face glass is mounted onto the fins using a structural glazed aluminium channel at the back of the glass which is toggle fixed against an adapter frame bonded to the face of the fin. In reverse the fin is laterally supported by the face glass against LTB. The facade must accommodate differential settlements of the base structure as well as sway movements of the main frame. Due to the sizes of the individual panels, this becomes a challenging part. Especially considering the glass to glass corner. Another design issue are the slender Stainless Steel portal frames mounted at the face of the fin, supporting the still 9 m high face glass panels above.
Statistische Charakterisierung der Druckzonentiefe vorgespannter Gläser
Authors: Thiele Kerstin , Kraus Michael , Schneider Jens , Nielsen Jens 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInfolge variierender Produktionsbedingungen erfolgt der thermische Vorspannprozess von Gläsern nicht vollständig homogen. Daraus entstehen lokale Unterschiede in den Eigenspannungen. Um die statistischen Verteilungen von charakterisierenden Größen des Eigenspannungsprofils in thermisch vorgespanntem Flachglas zu bestimmen, wurden mehr als 100 Proben mit einem Streulicht‐Polariskop (SCALP) untersucht. Die Messungen wurden an zuvor definierten Stellen in drei Richtungen an beiden Oberflächen der Probekörper durchgeführt. Dies ermöglicht die quantitative Auswertung und Kalibrierung statistischer Modelle der Druckzonentiefe sowie der Homogenität der Vorspannungsprofile.Statistical characterization of compression zone depth in pre‐stressed glasses. Due to varying production conditions, the thermal tempering process of glass is not fully homogeneous. This results in local differences in the residual stresses. In order to determine the statistical distributions of characterizing quantities of the residual stress profile in thermally toughened flat glass, more than 100 samples were examined with a scattered light polariscope (SCALP). The samples were examined at previously defined locations from both surfaces in three directions with respect to the pre‐stress profiles. This allows the quantitative evaluation and calibration of statistical models of the compression zone depth and the homogeneity of the prestress profiles.
Innovative Fassaden – Bedeutung von Kompatibilität und Interoperabilität
Authors: Heusler Winfried , Kadija Ksenija 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDer Green‐Deal setzt die europäische Bau‐ und Immobilienwirtschaft unter Handlungsdruck. Zusätzliche Komplexität werden plötzliche Störungen wie die Corona‐Pandemie erzeugen. Nicht zuletzt die digitale Transformation zwingt uns zu deutlich kürzeren Innovationszyklen. Letztendlich müssen unsere Gebäude resilient und kreislauffähig werden. Dabei sind die gebaute Umwelt, das einzelne Gebäude sowie die Fassade jeweils als komplexes System – mit Komponenten völlig unterschiedlicher Alterung und Lebensdauer – zu betrachten. Vor diesem Hintergrund spielen Beziehungen zwischen Komponenten, insbesondere die Kompatibilität und Interoperabilität, eine erfolgsentscheidende Rolle. Welche Anforderungen resultieren daraus für innovative Fassaden?Innovative facades – importance of compatibility and interoperability. The Green Deal puts pressure on the European construction and real estate industry to act. Additional complexity will be created by sudden disruptions such as the Corona pandemic. Last but not least, the digital transformation will force us to significantly shorter innovation cycles. Ultimately, our buildings must become resilient and circular. In this context, the built environment, the individual building and the facade must each be considered as a complex system – with components of completely different ageing and lifetimes. Against this background, relationships between components, especially compatibility and interoperability, play a decisive role in success. What are the requirements for innovative facades?
Holz‐Lamellen‐Fenster (EAL) mit lastabtragender, adhäsiver Verbindung
Authors: Röper Henning , Nicklisch Felix 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFür die ökologische Bewertung eines Bauwerks spielen energieeffiziente und nachhaltige Bauelemente eine entscheidende Rolle. Im Hinblick auf die Nachhaltigkeit stehen Kriterien wie Wärmeschutz, Lebensdauer sowie Wartungs‐ und Pflegeaufwand im Vordergrund. Aus diesem Grund entwickelte die EuroLam GmbH gemeinsam mit dem Institut für Baukonstruktion der TU Dresden ein innovatives Holz‐Lamellenfenster, welches durch eine lastabtragende, adhäsive Holz‐Glas‐Verbindung eine deutlich nachhaltigere Verbesserung der ökologischen Bilanzwerte aufweist und die energetischen Eigenschaften gegenüber herkömmlicher Bauweise verbessert. Das entwickelte Lamellenfenster in Ganzglasoptik ist nicht nur nachhaltig, aufgrund der Nutzung des nachwachsenden Rohstoffes Holz, es überzeugt auch bei der Klebung Glas mit Holz sowie bei der neuartigen Verbindung zwischen Aluminium und Holz.Wooden louvre windows (EAL) with load‐bearing, adhesive connection. Energy‐efficient and sustainable construction elements play a decisive role in the ecological assessment of a building. With regard to sustainability, the focus is on criteria such as thermal insulation, service life as well as maintenance and care costs. For this reason, EuroLam GmbH, together with the Institute for Building Construction of the TU Dresden, developed an innovative wooden louvre window, which has a significantly more sustainable improvement in the ecological balance values thanks to a load‐bearing, adhesive wood‐glass connection and improves the energetic properties compared to conventional construction methods. The louvre window developed with an all‐glass look is not only sustainable due to the use of the renewable raw material wood, it is also impressive when it comes to bonding glass to wood and the innovative connection between aluminum and wood.
Dehydrocoupling Polymerization: Poly(silylether) Synthesis by Using an Iron β‐Diketiminate Catalyst
Authors: Farcaş‐Johnson Mirela A. , Kyne Sara H. , Webster Ruth L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe the iron‐catalyzed polymerizations of diol and silane monomers to obtain fourteen different poly(silylether) products with number average molecular weights (Mn) up to 36.3 kDa. The polymerization reactions developed in this study are operationally simple and applicable to 1° and 2° silane monomer substrates and a range of benzylic and aliphatic diol substrates as well as one polyol example. The polymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy, DSC and TGA and, where solubility allowed,1H,13C{1H},29Si{1H} NMR spectroscopies, GPC and MALDI‐TOF were also employed. The materials obtained displayed lowTgvalues (−70.6 to 19.1 °C) and were stable upon heating up toT–5%,Ar421.6 °C. A trend inT–5%,Arwas observed whereby use of a 2° silane leads to higherT–5%,Arcompared to those obtained using a 1° silane. Reaction monitoring was undertaken by in situ gas evolution studies coupled with GPC analysis to follow the progression of chain‐length growth which confirmed a condensation polymerization‐type mechanism.
In Situ Ternary Adduct Formation of Yttrium Polyaminocarboxylates Leads to Small Molecule Capture and Activation
Authors: Tickner Ben. J. , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Duckett Simon B. , Angelovski Goran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work the chemistry of yttrium complexes is exploited for small molecule capture and activation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) studies were used to investigate the in situ formation of solution state ternary yttrium‐acetate, yttrium‐bicarbonate, and yttrium‐pyruvate adducts with a range of polyaminocarboxylate chelates. These studies reveal that [Y(DO3A)(H2O)2] (H3DO3A – 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐tricarboxylic acid) and [Y(EDTA)(H2O)q]− (H4EDTA – ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, q = 2 and 3) are able to form ternary adducts with bicarbonate and pyruvate. In the latter, unusual decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetic acid and CO2 was observed and further studied using SABRE‐hyperpolarised 13C NMR (SABRE – signal amplification by reversible exchange) to provide information about the reaction timescale and lifetime of intermediates involved in this conversion. The work presented demonstrates that yttrium complexes can capture and activate small molecules, which may lead to novel and useful applications of this metal in catalysis and medical imaging.
Recovery of lithium from salt‐lake brine by liquid–liquid extraction using TBP‐FeCl3 based mixture solvent
Authors: Qiao Linju , Chen Hang , Yu Jianguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, a complete cyclic process was developed for the lithium extraction from high‐concentration salt‐lake brine by using a high flash point, low water solubility, and low toxicity diluent mixed with the TBP‐FeCl3‐based organic solvent. The process was composed of four sections, including extraction, scrubbing, stripping, and regeneration. The optimal conditions for each section were determined first. Then, a 13‐stage cyclic extraction process was designed and validated experimentally for the high lithium concentration brine, which reached 8.612 g/L. By using the diluent at the optimized conditions, the overall recovery of lithium was higher than 96%. The stripping liquid contained 38.87 g/L Li+, while all the ratios of impurities of sodium, potassium, and magnesium to lithium were less than 0.1. The aims of enrichment and purification of Li+ from the complicated brine system were achieved by the developed extraction process with little Fe loss, which provided the technical support for the development of the salt‐lake lithium resource.
Asphaltene/polymer composites: Morphology, compatibility, and rheological properties
Authors: Eshraghian Afrooz , Kamkar Milad , Sundararaj Uttandaraman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the use of asphaltene, a natural waste product that is inevitably formed during heavy oil processing, as a filler in polymer composites. The focus of this work is on the compatibility of various asphaltenes, featuring different polarities, with several polymers, including polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polycarbonate (PC). The Hansen solubility parameters were plotted to predict the compatibility of polymers with different asphaltenes. Then, polymer composites were prepared by two common techniques: melt mixing and solution mixing. The dispersion state of the asphaltenes in each polymer was investigated by using imaging and rheological techniques. This work showed that the network structure of the asphaltenes and, thus, the final properties of the composites can be controlled by the polarity of asphaltenes, mixing technique, and melt viscosity of the polymer. For instance, more polar asphaltene (Asph P) produced smaller aggregates in PMMA, which has a higher polar solubility parameter than PP or PS. At 2.5 wt.% of asphaltene, Asph P showed 26% and 177% larger asphaltene agglomerates in PP and PS, respectively, than the less polar asphaltene (Asph Al). PS/asphaltene and PMMA/asphaltene composites prepared by the solution mixing method exhibited better dispersion compared to their melt‐mixed counterparts. In melt‐mixed composites, the dispersion quality of the asphaltene was better for polymers with higher melt viscosity. Thus, a careful choice of polymer, asphaltene, and preparation conditions can be used to tune the properties of asphaltene/polymer composites.
Surface modification of MWCNT to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of natural rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Shahamatifard Farnaz , Rodrigue Denis , Park Keun‐Wan , Frikha Slim , Mighri Frej 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we focused on the synergistic effect between carbon black (CB) and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid fillers. In particular, the surface modification of pristine MWCNT (P‐MWCNT) via an acid (oxidation) treatment was used to improve their dispersion, as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of their corresponding natural rubber (NR)‐based nanocomposites. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to determine the presence of functional groups on the oxidized MWCNT (O‐MWCNT). After vulcanization, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile properties, hardness, thermal conductivity, swelling behaviour in toluene and SEM characterizations were performed on both NR/CB/P‐MWCNT‐ and NR/CB/O‐MWCNT‐based nanocomposites. The results showed the positive effect of MWCNT surface oxidation on the fillers' dispersion and nanocomposites' properties.
Epidemiology of heart failure hospitalization in patients with stable atherothrombotic disease: Insights from the TRA 2°P‐TIMI 50 trial
Authors: Freedman Benjamin L. , Berg David D. , Scirica Benjamin M. , Bohula Erin A. , Goodrich Erica L. , Sabatine Marc S. , Morrow David A. , Bonaca Marc P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a growing public health problem and ischemic heart disease is an important risk factor. Understanding the epidemiology of HF in patients with atherosclerosis may help identify subgroups at greater risk who have the potential to derive greater benefit from preventive strategies.Methods and ResultsThe TRA 2°P‐TIMI 50 trial randomized 26,449 patients with stable atherosclerosis to the antiplatelet agent vorapaxar versus placebo. Hospitalization for HF (HHF) endpoints were adjudicated from serious adverse events by blinded structured review using established definitions. HHF incidence was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Independent predictors of HHF risk were identified using multivariable logistic regression. The effect of vorapaxar on HHF risk was explored using Cox regression. The estimated incidence of HHF at 3 years was 1.6%. Independent predictors of HHF included prior HF (adjusted odds ratio [adj‐OR]: 8.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.56–10.54), age (adj‐OR [per 10 years]: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.47–1.89), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; adj‐OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 2.01–3.24), polyvascular disease (two‐territory disease, adj‐OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.46–2.44; three‐territory disease, adj‐OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.94–3.70), chronic kidney disease (CKD; adj‐OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.30–2.11), body mass index (BMI; adj‐OR [per 5 kg/m2]: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03–1.27), prior myocardial infarction (MI) (adj‐OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.03–1.78), and hypertension (adj‐OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.02–2.04). Patients who experienced HHF during follow‐up had higher rates of subsequent rehospitalization and death. Vorapaxar did not modify the risk of HHF.ConclusionsIn patients with stable atherosclerosis, prior HF, age, T2DM, polyvascular disease, CKD, BMI, prior MI, and hypertension are important predictors of HHF risk.