bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grain size, coefficient of thermal expansion and corrosion behavior of eggshell and rice husk ash reinforced composite material
Authors: Islam Anas , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Yadav Rajat , Kumar Dwivedi Vijay 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study to find an alternate method to minimize waste i.e., eggshell and rice husk ash. In this paper, eggshell (ES) and rice husk ash (RHA) particles are used as reinforcements for examining their effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), grain size (GS) and corrosion behavior for developed composite material.

Design/methodology/approach
In this investigation, 5 Wt.% each of ES and RHA reinforcement particles have been introduced. To investigate the microstructures of the developed composite material, scanning electron microscope was used. Physical and mechanical properties of composite material are tensile strength and hardness that have been examined.

Findings
The result of this paper shows that number of grains per square inch for composition Al/5% ES/5% RHA composite was found to be 1,243. Minimum value of the volume CTE was found to be 6.67 × 10–6/°C for Al/5% ES/5% RHA composite. The distribution of hard phases of ES particles in metal matrix is responsible for improvements in tensile strength and hardness. These findings demonstrated that using carbonized ES as reinforcement provides superior mechanical and physical properties than using uncarbonized ES particles.

Originality/value
There are several articles examining the impact of varying Wt.% of carbonized ES and rice husk reinforcement on the microstructures and mechanical characteristics of metal composites. CTE, GS and corrosion behavior are among of the features that are examined in this paper.
Construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Wrist Position Sense Test for use in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Taylor Susan , Elliott Catherine , McLean Belinda , Parsons Richard , Falkmer Torbjorn , Carey Leeanne M. , Blair Eve , Girdler Sonya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe investigate the construct validity, test re‐test reliability, and responsiveness of the Wrist Position Sense Test (WPST) for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsTwenty‐eight children with spastic hemiplegic CP [mean age 10.8 years; SD 2.4 years] and 39 typically developing (TD) children [mean age 11 years; SD 2.9 years] participated in a cross‐sectional study to investigate construct validity and association with an upper limb activity measure, the Box and Block Test (BBT). Twenty‐two TD children were tested at a second time‐point to examine reliability. Test responsiveness was determined by random allocation of 17 children with CP to a treatment (n = 10) or control (n = 7) group with assessments completed at four time‐points.ResultsSignificantly greater differences were observed in mean error of indicated wrist position (p < 0.01) in children with CP at baseline (M = 21.6°, SD = 21.6°) than in TD children (M = 12.8°, SD = 11.0°). Larger WPST errors were associated with poorer performance on the BBT (p < 0.01) indicating a substantial association, and there were no consistent differences between time‐points indicating test re‐test reliability within a TD population. The WPST demonstrated responsiveness to intervention with a statistically significant reduction in mean error following treatment (p < 0.001), not seen in the control group (p = 0.28).ConclusionThe WPST demonstrated construct validity in this preliminary study. Scores were associated with an upper limb activity measure, and scores changed significantly following somatosensory training. These findings support further research and future psychometric investigation of the WPST in children with CP.Key Points for Occupational Therapy

This study provides psychometric knowledge about the WPST tool
The WPST shows promise as a discriminative measure with preliminary evidence of responsiveness and intra‐rater reliability
Until further testing, the WPST can be used cautiously in future research studies to measure wrist position sense
Asymmetric reactions in the tourism‐led growth hypothesis
Authors: Kumar Nikeel Nishkar , Patel Arvind , Kimpton Sean , Andrews Antony 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, we test for asymmetries in the tourism‐led growth hypothesis. Asymmetric causality tests allow us to examine whether positive or negative changes in tourism cause growth. Our specification is based on an extended Solow growth model and draws from recent articles on tourism and growth. Using Tonga as a case study over the period 1981–2018, we find that tourism asymmetrically Granger causes economic growth. The magnitude of effects from the nonlinear ARDL model shows that economic growth is more sensitive to a downward movement compared to an upward movement in visitor arrivals.
The social infrastructure of online marketplaces: Trade, work and the interplay of decided and emergent orders
Authors: Aspers Patrik , Darr Asaf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study is designed to remedy the tendency of existing studies to analyze online marketplaces as either sites of work or trading arenas. We argue that the theoretical notion of “social infrastructure” is particularly apt to offer a comprehensive framework that captures the unique intersection of work and trade in online marketplaces. We study the social infrastructure of an online marketplace: the institutions, conditions and forms, and the horizontal and vertical ties between actors that organize work and enable trading. The social infrastructure of online marketplaces deserves research attention because it represents an essential condition for economic activities. In our empirical section we focus on the online marketplace Etsy to illustrate our comprehensive theoretical framework and we identify a complex dynamic between the decided and emergent order of the online marketplace. We demonstrate that the attempt to superimpose order through the constitution of an online marketplace is challenged by sellers and buyers. We find that both dimensions, work and trade, provide actors with material and symbolic resources that inform their strategies and economic actions. The article suggests that “social infrastructure” is a concrete theoretical tool for analyzing online marketplaces that complements existing research on platforms and ecosystems.
E‐cigarette use and conventional cigarette smoking among European students: findings from the 2019 ESPAD survey
Authors: Cerrai Sonia , Benedetti Elisa , Colasante Emanuela , Scalese Marco , Gorini Giuseppe , Gallus Silvano , Molinaro Sabrina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsRepresentative data on e‐cigarette use among European adolescents are scant. This study reports current vaping and tobacco smoking individual and country‐specific correlates among European students.DesignCross‐sectional survey: 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) collecting data on risk behaviours on a representative sample of 16‐year‐old students.SettingA total of 35 European countries, 25–30 with Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) and TCS componentsParticipantsA total of 99 648 students (49.1% males) turning 16 years in the survey year.MeasurementsData on current cigarette and e‐cigarette use were gathered through a self‐administered questionnaire which also collected socio‐demographics and individual and family characteristics. ESPAD data were integrated with country‐level data on TCS and selected TCS parameters to assess their association with the prevalence of current cigarette and e‐cigarette use.FindingsOf the 99 648 participating students, 12.4% were current e‐cigarette users, from 5.5% in Serbia to 41.4% in Monaco; 19.3% current smokers, from 5.1% in Iceland to 32.4% in Italy. Compared with non‐users, current e‐cigarette users less frequently came from an average well‐off family [odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.80–0.90] and lived in countries with higher cigarette prices (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.50–0.99), restrictive measures on tobacco advertising and promotion (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63–0.99) and intermediate implementation of tobacco control measures (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38–0.85). Current vapers were more frequently life ever smokers (OR = 7.31, 95% CI = 6.47–8.25), were early smokers (OR = 4.35, 95% CI = 3.66–5.17), males (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.55–1.67), from non‐traditional families (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.34–1.53), with relatively low parental education (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.10–1.20). Compared with non‐smokers, current smokers had similar family characteristics to vapers, and were less likely to live in countries with higher cigarette prices (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49–0.99) and higher spending on public anti‐tobacco media campaigns (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.10–0.50).ConclusionsE‐cigarette use among European adolescents is associated with weaker tobacco control measures, particularly on tobacco price, advertising and promotion. Besides preventing tobacco smoking, the adoption of governmental tobacco control policies in European countries also seems to contribute to the prevention of vaping among adolescents.
Inferior alveolar nerve injury due to the extrusion of calcium hydroxide during endodontic treatment: A case report
Authors: Kasapoğlu Metin Berk , Doğancalı Gülce Ecem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough many materials are used for root canal fillings in endodontic treatment, calcium hydroxide has been preferred for many years due to its bactericidal effect and biocompatibility. Calcium hydroxide can be applied in more than one form. In this case study, calcium hydroxide in viscous form, applied into the root canal during endodontic treatment, overflowed from the apical part of the tooth to the inferior alveolar nerve canal. Postoperative paraesthesia was observed in the patient. Dental volumetric tomography was performed to study the extent of sealer in the inferior alveolar nerve canal. Considering the short resorption time of the calcium hydroxide paste, no surgical intervention was performed on the patient. After 6 months, the root canal material was completely resorbed, and paraesthesia decreased. At the 3‐year follow‐up, the patient's paraesthesia had completely disappeared.
Working length determination in primary teeth pulpectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Paradiso Daniele , Tullio Antonio , Bensi Caterina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present meta‐analysis aimed to describe the methods to determine the working length in primary teeth pulpectomy, also evaluating and comparing their reliability. A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA Statement. The electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. After the screening protocol, a number of 14 studies were included in the qualitative analysis, while seven were included in the quantitative one. The mean working length determined by the electronic apex locator was 11.8 mm (9.0–15.55), while 12.42 mm (11.0–13.52) and 12.3 mm (9.73–15.93) were the mean working length observed with the conventional radiography and the digital radiography, respectively. No statistically significant difference was detected in quantitative analysis between the investigated methods. The present meta‐analysis showed that electronic apex locator, conventional radiography and digital radiography are similar in determining working length in primary teeth.
ICTs to address information inefficiencies in food supply chains
Authors: Van Campenhout Bjorn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn developing countries, incomplete and/or asymmetric information contributes to inefficiencies in food supply chains. Various products and services have emerged that rely on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to facilitate information flows between agro‐input providers, farmers, traders, and consumers. However, not all initiatives are equally effective and many struggle to reach scale. In this article, I review some of the earlier services that generally targeted farmers with price information to reduce search costs and increase their bargaining power vis‐a‐vis traders. I reflect on the reasons why these initiatives often led to disappointing results and provide examples of (complementary) interventions that look more promising. Furthermore, I highlight some of the dangers of relying too much on ICT‐mediated information, such as exclusionary networks, bias in crowdsourced data, and “fake news.” Finally, I explore why ICT applications that address information inefficiencies seem to be less successful than innovations that address other barriers to efficient and inclusive food supply chain development, such as risk or credit constraints.
Undocumented invasive exotic woody plants of Mabira Central Forest Reserve, Uganda
Authors: Kalema James , Bukenya Ahmad , Sande Eric , Olupot William 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvasive exotic species are problematic to biodiversity conservation. However, the knowledge of exotic invaders in tropical forests remains limited. Lessons from sites elsewhere suggest that the problem could be worse than is known. To increase our understanding of this problem, we surveyed exotic woody plants in Mabira Central Forest Reserve, Uganda. The site has a long history of anthropogenic disturbance. Seven woody exotic species were encountered, three of which had population structures indicative of invasiveness and distributions suggestive of the early stages of invasion. One of these species Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby was localised to an 8.6 ha site north of the reserve. Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels occurred mainly in an 8.7 ha patch south of the reserve, while Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. was more widely distributed. T. superba has been reported to be invasive in two other countries, but it is not yet clear whether or not the reported invasions are occurring in protected forests. A. heterophyllus is reported to be invasive in various countries, yet rarely quantitatively demonstrated outside the Brazilian Atlantic forests. S. spectabilis is a common invasive in forests throughout the tropics, and this is the first report of its invasiveness in this reserve.
The behaviour and fate of translocated bull African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) into a novel environment
Authors: Tiller Lydia N. , King Lucy E. , Okita‐Ouma Benson , Lala Fredrick , Pope Frank , Douglas‐Hamilton Iain , Thouless Chris R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTranslocation of elephants is used to mitigate human‐elephant conflict in Asia and Africa. However, few studies investigate how translocations affect the movements and social behaviour of individuals following their release, which may have important implications for whether translocated animals survive and succeed. Using GPS‐tracking data, we explored movements of five translocated bull elephants (Loxodonta africana) moved to Tsavo, Kenya, and compared them with five resident bull elephants. Position data was collected hourly for 1 year (March 2018–March 2019), and analysed to investigate home range, displacement rates, problematic behaviour and group size. Of the five translocated elephants, three were illegally killed and one continued to break fences and raid crops. Only one elephant stayed away from human settlement. We found group size and composition to be significantly different, with translocated elephants observed in smaller groups with no female elephant interactions. All elephants showed variation in home ranges and displacement rates, but differences were not significant between resident and translocated elephant groups. For future translocations, we recommend careful consideration of elephant social systems, elephant age, timing, release site and proximity to human settlements that might create human‐elephant conflict. This will improve chance for success of such high‐stake and expensive translocations.
Dysregulated serum and seminal plasma levels of surfactant protein D and MCP‐1 in men with genital tract infection/inflammation
Authors: Subedi Rambhadur , Rokade Sushama , Surve Suchitra , Patil Anushree , Kulkarni Vijay , Gajbhiye Rahul K. , Madan Taruna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProblemSurfactant protein D (SP‐D), a multimeric collectin expressed by testicular mucosal epithelia and is positively regulated by testosterone. It exerts antimicrobial effects, modulates inflammation and rescued spermatogenesis in a murine model. Various cytokines and chemokines, including MCP‐1, play a key role in regulating the inflammation in rat and human testis. The study aimed to investigate the role of SP‐D and involvement of chemokines and cytokines in the male infertility associated with urogenital infections or inflammation.Method of studyThe cross‐sectional study evaluated levels of SP‐D, testosterone, estradiol and the cytokines/chemokines including MCP‐1 in the serum and semen samples of fertile and infertile Indian men with and without urogenital infections/inflammation (n = 76).ResultsBoth fertile and infertile males with urogenital infection/inflammation had significantly lower levels of SP‐D and higher levels of the chemokine, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) in the serum and seminal plasma. Seminal plasma of these males exhibited significantly higher proportion of proteolytically degraded forms of SP‐D. The serum SP‐D levels positively correlated with testosterone/estradiol (TE) ratio. There was no significant correlation between the SP‐D levels in seminal plasma and sperm count/motility. With a significant area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves, the serum and seminal plasma SP‐D levels exhibited significant potential to predict infertility with high sensitivity and specificity in men with genital infections/inflammation.ConclusionsThe circulating and seminal plasma SP‐D levels were decreased in men with urogenital infection and inflammation. This could be due to their engagement at the site of infection, dysregulated expression owing to the altered hormonal profile and increased proteolytic degradation.
Significant familial clustering of Peyronie's disease in close and distant relatives
Authors: Allen‐Brady Kristina L. , Christensen Michael B. , Sandberg Ashlynn D. , Pastuszak Alexander W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeyronie's disease (PD) has previously been observed to co‐aggregate in a small number of first‐degree relative pairs (e.g., father–son). However, the familial aggregation of PD in more distant relatives, as well as the aggregation of Dupuytren's disease (DD) in probands and relatives, has not been thoroughly investigated.ObjectiveThis study explored the evidence for familial clustering of PD and DD in close and distant relatives.Materials and methodsThe Utah Population Database, which includes genealogy information linked to electronic medical records (available since 1995), was used to identify men and their relatives with PD and DD based on ICD9/10 codes. All cases were required to have high‐quality genealogy data. We estimated relative risk (RR) of PD and DD in first‐ through fifth‐degree relatives compared to matched population rates of disease. We also investigated the average relatedness of cases compared to the average relatedness of sets of matched controls. Outcome measures include estimation of relative risk and excessive relatedness as measured by a Genealogical Index of Familiality (GIF) analysis.ResultsWe analyzed 307 individuals with PD, and their first‐ through fifth‐degree relatives. Approximately 0.12% of the population had PD, 95% of these were diagnosed over the age of 30 years (age range: 10–92 years), and 1.3% of PD probands had a comorbid diagnosis of DD. RR estimates for PD were significant for first‐ and fifth‐degree relatives. RR estimates for DD were significant only for probands. The average relatedness of cases was significantly greater than matched controls, even after removing first‐ and second‐degree relatives. We also found that 74.9% of identified PD probands belonged to pedigrees with a statistical excess of PD.ConclusionDespite the low prevalence of PD in our healthcare records, the results provide evidence that support a genetic contribution to at least a subset of PD cases.
Pathological predictors of 18F‐DCFPyL prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐positive recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Perry Elisa , Talwar Arpit , Taubman Kim , Ng Michael , Wong Lih‐Ming , Sutherland Tom R. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the correlation of pathological radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen features and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) characteristics to imaging findings on subsequent 18F‐DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with biochemical failure (BF).Patients and MethodsRetrospective analysis of combined 18F‐DCFPyL PET/CT database of patients from centres in Australia and New Zealand was performed. A total of 205 patients presenting with BF after RP were included in this study. Imaging findings on 18F‐DCFPyL PET/CT were recorded and correlated with the PSA characteristics at BF and pathological features of the original tumour.ResultsOf the 205 patients, 120 (58.5%) had evidence of abnormal prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression compatible with recurrent prostate cancer. Increasing PSA velocity (P = 0.01), International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group (P = 0.02), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.05) and nodal positivity (P = 0.02) at the time of RP were more likely to demonstrate PSMA positivity. Multivariable logistic regression revealed a higher PSA level prior to PSMA PET/CT (P < 0.01), adjuvant radiotherapy (P = 0.09), Gleason score ≥8 (P < 0.01) and nodal positivity (P = 0.05) were all predictive of PSMA positivity.Conclusion18F‐DCFPyL PET/CT positivity, both generally and site specific, correlates with PSA and RP pathological factors. Our results echo cohorts focussing on post‐RP patients, those imaged with 68Ga‐PSMA and those concerning biochemical persistence. Nomograms that include risk factors for ‘PSMA‐positive recurrence’ in the BF population may increase the catchment of patients with disease confined to the prostate bed or pelvis who have a greater probability of prolonged disease‐free survival.