bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predation on artificial caterpillars following understorey fires in human‐modified Amazonian forests
Authors: Rossi Liana Chesini , Berenguer Erika , Lees Alexander Charles , Barlow Jos , Ferreira Joice , França Filipe M. , Tavares Paulo , Pizo Marco Aurélio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTropical forests are facing several impacts from anthropogenic disturbances, climate change, and extreme climate events, with potentially severe consequences for ecological functions, such as predation on folivorous invertebrates. Folivory has a major influence on tropical forests by affecting plant fitness and overall seedling performance. However, we do not know whether the predation of folivorous arthropods by birds, mammals, reptiles, and other arthropods is affected by anthropogenic disturbances such as selective logging and forest fires. We investigated the impacts of both pre‐El Niño human disturbances and the 2015–2016 El Niño understorey fires on the predation of 4500 artificial caterpillars across 30 Amazonian forest plots. Plots were distributed in four pre‐El Niño forest classes: undisturbed, logged, logged‐and‐burned, and secondary forests, of which 14 burned in 2015–16. We found a higher predation incidence in forests that burned during the El Niño in comparison with unburned ones. Moreover, logged‐and‐burned forests that burned again in 2015–16 were found to have significantly higher predation incidence by vertebrates than other forest classes. However, overall predation incidence in pre‐El Niño forest disturbance classes was similar to undisturbed forests. Arthropods were the dominant predators of artificial caterpillars, accounting for 91.5% of total predation attempts. Our results highlight the resilience of predation incidence in human‐modified forests, although the mechanisms underpinning this resilience remain unclear.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Critically important outcomes for infection in trials in kidney transplantation: An international survey of patients, caregivers, and health professionals
Authors: Chan Samuel , Howell Martin , Johnson David W. , Hawley Carmel M. , Tong Allison , Craig Jonathan C. , Cao Christopher , Blumberg Emily , Brennan Daniel , Campbell Scott B. , Francis Ross S. , Huuskes Brooke M. , Isbel Nicole M. , Knoll Greg , Kotton Camille , Mamode Nizam , Muller Elmi , Biostat Elaine M. Pascoe M. , An Ha Phan Hai , Tedesco‐Silva Helio , White David M. , Viecelli Andrea K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfections are a common complication following kidney transplantation, but are reported inconsistently in clinical trials. This study aimed to identify the infection outcomes of highest priority for patients/caregivers and health professionals to inform a core outcome set to be reported in all kidney transplant clinical trials.MethodsIn an international online survey, participants rated the absolute importance of 16 infections and eight severity dimensions on 9‐point Likert Scales, with 7–9 being critically important. Relative importance was determined using a best–worst scale. Means and proportions of the Likert‐scale ratings and best–worst preference scores were calculated.Results353 healthcare professionals (19 who identified as both patients/caregiver and healthcare professionals) and 220 patients/caregivers (190 patients, 22 caregivers, eight who identified as both) from 55 countries completed the survey. Both healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers rated bloodstream (mean 8.4 and 8.5, respectively; aggregate 8.5), kidney/bladder (mean 7.9 and 8.4; aggregate 8.1), and BK virus (mean 8.1 and 8.6; aggregate 8.3) as the top three most critically important infection outcomes, whilst infectious death (mean 8.8 and 8.6; aggregate 8.7), impaired graft function (mean 8.4 and 8.7; aggregate 8.5) and admission to the intensive care unit (mean 8.2 and 8.3; aggregate 8.2) were the top three severity dimensions. Relative importance (best–worst) scores were consistent.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals and patients/caregivers consistently identified bloodstream infection, kidney/bladder infections, and BK virus as the three most important infection outcomes, and infectious death, admission to intensive care unit and infection impairing graft function as the three most important infection severity outcomes.
A comparison of blood and brain‐derived ageing and inflammation‐related DNA methylation signatures and their association with microglial burdens
Authors: Stevenson Anna J. , McCartney Daniel L. , Gadd Danni A. , Shireby Gemma , Hillary Robert F. , King Declan , Tzioras Makis , Wrobel Nicola , McCafferty Sarah , Murphy Lee , McColl Barry W. , Redmond Paul , Taylor Adele M. , Harris Sarah E. , Russ Tom C. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Mill Jonathan , Smith Colin , Deary Ian J. , Cox Simon R. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Spires‐Jones Tara L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInflammation and ageing‐related DNA methylation patterns in the blood have been linked to a variety of morbidities, including cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. However, it is unclear how these blood‐based patterns relate to patterns within the brain and how each associates with central cellular profiles. In this study, we profiled DNA methylation in both the blood and in five post mortem brain regions (BA17, BA20/21, BA24, BA46 and hippocampus) in 14 individuals from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Microglial burdens were additionally quantified in the same brain regions. DNA methylation signatures of five epigenetic ageing biomarkers (‘epigenetic clocks’), and two inflammatory biomarkers (methylation proxies for C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6) were compared across tissues and regions. Divergent associations between the inflammation and ageing signatures in the blood and brain were identified, depending on region assessed. Four out of the five assessed epigenetic age acceleration measures were found to be highest in the hippocampus (β range = 0.83–1.14, p ≤ 0.02). The inflammation‐related DNA methylation signatures showed no clear variation across brain regions. Reactive microglial burdens were found to be highest in the hippocampus (β = 1.32, p = 5 × 10−4); however, the only association identified between the blood‐ and brain‐based methylation signatures and microglia was a significant positive association with acceleration of one epigenetic clock (termed DNAm PhenoAge) averaged over all five brain regions (β = 0.40, p = 0.002). This work highlights a potential vulnerability of the hippocampus to epigenetic ageing and provides preliminary evidence of a relationship between DNA methylation signatures in the brain and differences in microglial burdens.
Inflammatory response and immunohistochemical characterization of experimental calcium silicate‐based perforation repair material
Authors: Okasha Hend , Abu‐Seida Ashraf M. , Hashem Ahmed A. , El Ashry Salma H. , Nagy Mohamed M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study compares the immunohistochemical reaction of a new experimental tricalcium silicate perforation repair material to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine. A total of 162 mature premolar teeth from 12 dogs were divided into three experimental groups (n = 54 teeth each) according to the evaluation period: 1, 2 and 3 months. Each group was further divided into two equal subgroups (n = 27 teeth each) according to the time of repair: immediate repair and delayed repair. Each subgroup was subdivided according to the material used into three experimental subdivisions (n = 8 teeth each): MTA, Biodentine (Septodont) and experimental material, and two control subdivisions: positive control (n = 2 teeth) and negative control (one tooth). Under general anaesthesia, access cavity was done. Cleaning and shaping were performed using ProTaper universal rotary instruments. The canals were obturated using cold lateral compaction technique with Gutta percha and Adseal sealer. Furcation perforations were created then randomly sealed using the three materials either immediately or after one month (delayed repair). Inflammatory cell count and immunohistochemical analysis of osteopontin‐positive area fraction were digitally analysed using the ImageJ software. Delayed furcal perforation repair showed significantly higher inflammatory cell count than immediate repair. No significant difference in inflammatory cell count and immunohistochemical analysis was detected between the three tested materials. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed the highest immunopositive area fraction in the 3‐month evaluation period. The experimental tricalcium silicate cement performed similarly to Biodentine and MTA regarding the osteopontin expression during perforation repair, suggesting it is a suitable alternative with favourable handling characters.
GRade, Age, Nodes, and Tumor (GRANT) compared with Leibovich score to predict survival in localized renal cell carcinoma: A nationwide study
Authors: Juul Simon , Donskov Frede , Clark Peter E , Lund Lars , Azawi Nessn H 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the performance of Leibovich score versus GRade, Age, Nodes, and Tumor score in predicting disease recurrence in renal cell carcinoma.MethodsIn total, 7653 patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma from 2010 to 2018 were captured in the nationwide DaRenCa database; 2652 underwent radical or partial nephrectomy and had full datasets regarding the GRade, Age, Nodes, and Tumor score and Leibovich score. Discrimination was assessed with a Cox regression model. The results were evaluated with concordance index analysis.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 40 months (interquartile range 24–56). Recurrence occurred in 17%, and 15% died. A significant proportion of patients (36%) had missing data for the calculation of the Leibovich score. Among 1957 clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients the distribution of GRade, Age, Nodes, and Tumor score of 0, 1, 2, or 3/4 was 21%, 56%, 21% and 1.4%, respectively, and for Leibovich score of low/intermediate/high this was 47%, 36% and 18%, respectively. A similar distribution was seen in 655 non‐clear cell patients. Both Leibovich and GRade, Age, Nodes, and Tumor scores performed well in predicting outcomes for the favorable patient risk groups. The Leibovich score was better at predicting recurrence‐free survival (concordance index 0.736 versus 0.643), but not overall survival (concordance index 0.657 versus 0.648). Similar results were obtained in non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma.ConclusionGRade, Age, Nodes, and Tumor and Leibovich scores were validated in clear cell and non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Leibovich score outperformed the GRade, Age, Nodes, and Tumor score in predicting recurrence‐free survival and should remain the standard approach to risk stratify patients during follow‐up when all data are available.
Eradication of sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius, from Tsuken Island, Okinawa, Japan, under transient invasion of males
Authors: Ikegawa Yusuke , Kawamura Futoshi , Sadoyama Yasutsune , Kinjo Kunio , Haraguchi Dai , Honma Atsushi , Himuro Chihiro , Matsuyama Takashi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn eradication project against the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), one of the most important pests of sweet potato in the world, was initiated in Oct. 2007 on Tsuken Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The sterile insect technique (SIT) and male annihilation technique (MAT) were employed as the main control measures to suppress and ultimately eradicate wild populations by impeding normal mating. In addition, two monitoring methods (host plant survey and trap survey) were used to evaluate the progress of the control actions. However, several years after the start of the project, wild male weevils were regularly captured by male‐attractant traps in seasonal patterns, although infestation was scarcely detected by host plant surveys. Evidently, the males flew to Tsuken Island from uncontrolled areas that were farther away than the weevils were previously expected to travel. Although the transient invasion of only males did not cause new colonization, it created a challenge for the progress of the project and the confirmation of the eradication of the weevil on Tsuken Island. To solve this problem, suppressive control measures in the uncontrolled area (Okinawa Island) to reduce transient invaders were implemented. In addition, to assess if control actions needed after eradication, a system was introduced to detect recolonization of the weevil based on trap catches of transient invading males. After the successive collection of 142,257 m of stem of host plants and 158.45 kg of root tubers of sweet potato without infestation (from February 2019 to November 2020), the eradication of C. formicarius from Tsuken Island was ultimately confirmed in November 2020.
Unique and ancestral features in trunk kidney microanatomy and ultrastructure of omul Coregonus migratorius
Authors: Flerova Ekaterina A. , Morozov Alexey A. , Yurchenko Victoria V. , Fomina Anastasia S. , Konovalova Victoria V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study presents novel data on the microanatomy and ultrastructure of the omul Coregonus migratorius trunk kidney. Adult individuals of C. migratorius were sampled in the Barguzin Bay of Lake Baikal. Active leuko‐ and erythropoiesis were found in the interstitium of the mesonephros. For the first time, cells with radially arranged vesicles have been described in the renal interstitium of C. migratorius. The quantitative characteristics of blood cells and ultrastructural parameters of leukocytes reflected the functioning of the non‐specific defence system in the organism. The share of the renal interstitium, morphological diversity of the epithelial cells of the nephron tubules, the ultrastructural features of the renal corpuscles and nephron tubules and the number of mitochondria in leukocytes and ion‐transporting cells were typical for representatives of the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus complex and thus considered ancestral features of the present‐day C. migratorius population reflecting its adaptive potential to living in an ultra‐deep Lake Baikal.
Non‐lethal sampling for the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum by qPCR for diagnosis of bacterial kidney disease
Authors: Jansson Eva , Aspán Anna , Comin Arianna , Hjort Maj , Jinnerot Tomas , Axén Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically and there is no available cure or prophylaxis. The control of BKD requires continuous surveillance, which is challenging in aquaculture as well as in programs for conservation and restoration of salmonid fish strains. BKD is a notifiable disease in Sweden and is monitored through the mandatory health control program using a polyclonal ELISA for detection of the Rs p57 protein in kidney. Fish must be killed for sampling, an obvious disadvantage especially regarding valuable broodfish. The present study shows that gill‐/cloacal swabs collected in vivo for real‐time PCR (qPCRgc), allow a sensitive and specific detection of Rs. The sensitivity of qPCRgc was estimated to 97.8% (credible interval (ci) 93.8%–100%) compared to 98.3% (ci 92.7%–100%) and 48.8% (ci 38.8%–58.8%) of kidney samples for qPCR (qPCRk) and ELISA (ELISAk) respectively, by use of the Bayesian Latent Class Analysis (BLCA). Since the goal of the program is eradication of BKD the most sensitive test is preferrable. Using qPCRgc instead of ELISAk will result in a lower false negative rate and can be useful for surveillance in aquaculture and in breeding programs with valuable fish. However, a higher false positive rate warrants confirmatory lethal testing before a previously Rs negative farm is subject to restrictions.
Evaluation of the effect of endotracheal aspiration at different head heights on oxygenation of the brain by non‐invasive method in intensive care patients
Authors: Köstekli Sibel , Çelik Sevim , Keskin Emrah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effect of endotracheal aspiration at different head heights on oxygenation brain by non‐invasive method in neurosurgery intensive care patients.BackgroundHead elevation of mechanical ventilator‐dependent neurosurgery patients and the possible risks of endotracheal aspiration are closely related to the clinical conditions of the patients.DesignA prospective quasi‐experimental study with repetitive measurements in a single group.MethodsIn the study, neurosurgery intensive care patients were adjusted to a head height of 15, 30 and 45° (n = 46, power analysis %90). Cerebral oxygenation levels were determined with a non‐invasive device at each head height before and in the 1st, 5th and 30th min of endotracheal aspiration. Data were collected with Patient Information Form and cerebral oxygenation device based on NIRS technology. This study performed according to the TREND reporting guidelines for non‐randomized/quasi experimental study.ResultsThe highest cerebral oxygenation value was obtained at 30 min. The decrease in the cerebral oxygenation levels of the patients was highest in the 1st min after endotracheal aspiration, at a head height of 15 degrees for the right cerebral region and at a head height of 30 degrees for the left cerebral region. The increase in oxygenation of the right and left cerebral regions occurred highest at a head height of 45 degrees.ConclusionsThe ideal head height should be 45 degrees during and after endotracheal aspiration in regard to maintaining cerebral oxygenation in neurosurgery intensive care patients. It is extremely important to monitor the cerebral oxygenation status of patients, with non‐invasive measurement tools during and after endotracheal aspiration, to prevent secondary complications.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study reveals the importance of raising the head 45 degrees in the best preservation of cerebral oxygenation values in neurosurgery intensive care patients. Intensive care nurses should pay attention to maintaining this head height.
Learning by Owning in a Lemons Market
Authors: MARTEL JORDAN , MIRKIN KENNETH , WATERS BRIAN 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe study market dynamics when an owner learns about the quality of her asset over time. Since this information is private, the owner sells strategically to a less informed buyer following sufficient negative information. In response, market prices feature a “U‐shape” and trading probabilities a “hump‐shape” with respect to the time to sale. As the owner initially acquires greater information, buyers suffer greater adverse selection, and prices fall accordingly. Eventually, the probability of an informed sale shrinks, and prices rebound. We provide evidence consistent with our model in markets for residential real estate, venture capital investments, and construction equipment.
Small‐scale spatiotemporal variability and distance–decay relationships in intertidal micro‐ and meiobenthic assemblages
Authors: Azovsky Andrey I. , Chertoprud Elena S. , Saburova Maria A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCompositional similarity generally decreases with increasing geographic distance between sites (distance decay of similarity, DDS). Two non‐exclusive mechanisms have been proposed to explain this pattern: increasing differences in environmental conditions and pure spatial effects of dispersal limitation. On regional and global scales, environmental selection is considered the major factor for microbial assemblages, whereas pure spatial effects are generally more profound for larger organisms with limited dispersal ability. We investigated the DDS relationships at a small spatial scale (decimeters ‐ tens of meters) for three groups of benthic organisms differing in body size: diatoms and flagellates (DF), ciliates (CL), and harpacticoids (HA). All groups demonstrated definite DDS relationships. The pure spatial effects were strongest for the smallest‐size protists (DF), relatively weaker for CL and negligible for HA. In contrast, environmental factors (i.e., the differences in sediment properties) were more important for the HA and CL assemblages than for DF assemblages. In addition, we revealed a considerable temporal component of DDS relationships. First, similarity decreased with the time interval between sampling events (“temporal DDS”). Second, the average spatial similarity itself increased with time. These effects were significant for DF and CL only but were weak or undetectable for HA. Thus, our results are opposite to those commonly observed at larger (regional or global) scales. We suppose that the DDS relationships obtained at different spatial scales, despite formal similarity, reflect different phenomena driven by different mechanisms. At the geographical scale, species distribution patterns are mainly driven by long‐distance dispersal processes operated at the population level and dependent on their size‐related traits, which, taken in common, offer the advantage of small‐sized groups. The local‐scale distribution is primarily determined by individual motility and within‐habitat environmental heterogeneity. Small protists are relatively less motile, finely perceived and, therefore, have higher rates of spatial decay.
Half of children with IgA vasculitis‐associated nephritis with nephrotic state spontaneously recover
Authors: Deki Saori , Hamada Riku , Mikami Naoaki , Terano Chikako , Harada Ryoko , Hamasaki Yuko , Ishikura Kenji , Honda Masataka , Hataya Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical spectrum of Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), now known as IgA vasculitis‐associated nephritis (IgAVN), ranges from isolated microscopic haematuria to nephrotic syndrome, progressive glomerulonephritis, and kidney failure. The outcome also varies, and the management of IgAVN is controversial. The presence of nephrotic state at disease onset is thought to be a risk factor of a poor prognosis. However, not all patients with nephrotic state have a poor prognosis, and it is unclear whether they need early treatment.MethodsWe herein retrospectively examined the clinical course of paediatric IgAVN cases with nephrotic state (serum albumin [sAlb]<3.0 g/dL and urine protein–creatinine ratio of >2.0 g/ gCr) without kidney injury treated at our hospital between 2010 and 2018.ResultsOf the 216 patients with IgAVN identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria. The median follow‐up period from disease onset to the last observation was 40.5 months (IQR:31.0–74.2). Eleven patients were male, the median age at onset was 5 years, the minimum serum Alb level was 1.9 g/dL, the maximum proteinuria value was 12.3 g/gCr, and the median minimum eGFR was 86.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the acute phase. Eight patients (47%) achieved resolution of nephrotic state within 3 months and complete remission without treatment by the last observation. The patients with spontaneous resolution of nephrotic state had less severe hypoalbuminaemia (Alb<2.0 g/dL) and tended to show a quick increase in the serum albumin level.ConclusionsOur study found that half of paediatric patients with IgAVN with nephrotic state achieved spontaneous resolution without treatment and enjoyed a favourable short‐term outcome. Consideration of the duration of nephrotic state and trends in the serum albumin level in children with IgAVN may allow unnecessary kidney biopsies and immunosuppressive therapy to be avoided.