Prevalence and risk factors of post-COVID-19 condition in adults and children at 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge: a prospective, cohort study in Moscow (StopCOVID)
Authors: Pazukhina Ekaterina , Andreeva Margarita , Spiridonova Ekaterina , Bobkova Polina , Shikhaleva Anastasia , El-Taravi Yasmin , Rumyantsev Mikhail , Gamirova Aysylu , Bairashevskaia Anastasiia , Petrova Polina , Baimukhambetova Dina , Pikuza Maria , Abdeeva Elina , Filippova Yulia , Deunezhewa Salima , Nekliudov Nikita , Bugaeva Polina , Bulanov Nikolay , Avdeev Sergey , Kapustina Valentina , Guekht Alla , DunnGalvin Audrey , Comberiati Pasquale , Peroni Diego G. , Apfelbacher Christian , Genuneit Jon , Reyes Luis Felipe , Brackel Caroline L. H. , Fomin Victor , Svistunov Andrey A. , Timashev Peter , Mazankova Lyudmila , Miroshina Alexandra , Samitova Elmira , Borzakova Svetlana , Bondarenko Elena , Korsunskiy Anatoliy A. , Carson Gail , Sigfrid Louise , Scott Janet T. , Greenhawt Matthew , Buonsenso Danilo , Semple Malcolm G. , Warner John O. , Olliaro Piero , Needham Dale M. , Glybochko Petr , Butnaru Denis , Osmanov Ismail M. , Munblit Daniel ,   Sechenov StopCOVID Research Team, Alekseeva Nikol , Artigas Elena , Avagyan Asmik , Baziyants Lusine , Belkina Anna , Berbenyuk Anna , Bezbabicheva Tatiana , Bezrukov Vadim , Bordyugov Semyon , Borisenko Aleksandra , Bratukhina Maria , Bugaiskaya Ekaterina , Chayka Julia , Cherdantseva Yulia , Degtyareva Natalia , Druzhkova Olesya , Dubinin Alexander , Elifkhanova Khalisa , Eliseev Dmitry , Ezhova Anastasia , Frolova Aleksandra , Ganieva Julia , Gorina Anastasia , Gorlenko Cyrill , Gribaleva Elizaveta , Gudratova Eliza , Ibragimova Shabnam , Kabieva Khadizhat , Kalan Yulia , Kalinina Margarita , Khitrina Nadezhda , Kirillov Bogdan , Kiseljow Herman , Kislova Maria , Kogut Natalya , Konova Irina , Korgunova Mariia , Kotelnikova Anastasia , Kovygina Karina , Krupina Alexandra , Kuznetsova Anastasia , Kuznetsova Anna , Lavginova Baina , Lidjieva Elza , Listovskaya Ekaterina , Lobova Maria , Loshkareva Maria , Lyubimova Ekaterina , Mamchich Daria , Markina Nadezhda , Maystrenko Anastasia , Mursalova Aigun , Nagornov Evgeniy , Nartova Anna , Nikolaeva Daria , Novoselov Georgiy , Ogandzhanova Marina , Pavlenko Anna , Perekosova Olga , Porubayeva Erika , Presnyakova Kristina , Pushkareva Anna , Romanova Olga , Roshchin Philipp , Salakhova Diana , Sarukhanyan Ilona , Savina Victoria , Shatrova Jamilya , Shishkina Nataliya , Shvedova Anastasia , Smirnov Denis , Solovieva Veronika , Spasskaya Olga , Sukhodolskaya Olga , Suleimanov Shakir , Urmantaeva Nailya , Usalka Olga , Ustyan Valeria , Valieva Yana , Varaksina Katerina , Varaksina Maria , Varlamova Ekaterina , Vodianova Maria , Yegiyan Margarita , Zaikina Margarita , Zorina Anastasia , Zuykova Elena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous studies assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 sequelae in adults and children were performed in the absence of an agreed definition. We investigated prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) (WHO definition), at 6- and 12-months follow-up, amongst previously hospitalised adults and children and assessed risk factors.

Methods
Prospective cohort study of children and adults with confirmed COVID-19 in Moscow, hospitalised between April and August, 2020. Two follow-up telephone interviews, using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium survey, were performed at 6 and 12 months after discharge.

Results
One thousand thirteen of 2509 (40%) of adults and 360 of 849 (42%) of children discharged participated in both the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. PCC prevalence was 50% (95% CI 47–53) in adults and 20% (95% CI 16–24) in children at 6 months, with decline to 34% (95% CI 31–37) and 11% (95% CI 8–14), respectively, at 12 months. In adults, female sex was associated with PCC at 6- and 12-month follow-up (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.65) and (OR 2.04, 1.54 to 2.69), respectively. Pre-existing hypertension (OR 1.42, 1.04 to 1.94) was associated with post-COVID-19 condition at 12 months. In children, neurological comorbidities were associated with PCC both at 6 months (OR 4.38, 1.36 to 15.67) and 12 months (OR 8.96, 2.55 to 34.82) while allergic respiratory diseases were associated at 12 months (OR 2.66, 1.04 to 6.47).

Conclusions
Although prevalence of PCC declined one year after discharge, one in three adults and one in ten children experienced ongoing sequelae. In adults, females and persons with pre-existing hypertension, and in children, persons with neurological comorbidities or allergic respiratory diseases are at higher risk of PCC.