bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Horticultural Crops by Remote Spectroscopic Techniques1
Authors: Brach E. J. , Molnar J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Remote spectroscopy was applied to identify horticultural crops including spring onion (Allium cepa L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and to determine their maturity. Spectroscopic measurements were taken in the 350 – 700 nm, the 600 – 1800 nm, and the 1200 – 3680 nm ranges. Laser fluorescence spectroscopy was also used by exciting the plants with a 25 mW pulsed laser beam at 337.1 nm and an 18 mW continuous laser beam at 441 nm. The experiment demonstrated the potential of these techniques for the identification of horticultural crops by remote sensing.
Effect of Aminoethoxy Analog of Rhizobitoxine and Sodium Benzoate on Senescence of Broccoli1
Authors: Wang C. Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rates of ethylene production, respiration, and yellowing of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) at 20°C were reduced by an aminoethoxy analog of rhizobitoxine (AAR) [L-2-arnino-4-(2-arnino-ethoxy)-trans-3-butenoic acid] and by sodium benzoate (SB). Loss of chlorophyll and ethylene production were retarded by concn of 5 × 10-3M of AAR; at concn of 10-3M or 5 × 10-4M, the retardation was less pronounced. Yellowing and ethylene production were markedly reduced by SB at concentrations of 0.01M, 0.05M, or 0.1M. However, the latter two concentrations caused chemical injury and off-odor which resulted in unsalable quality. The data suggest that senescence of broccoli is related to ethylene production and that senescence can be retarded by inhibiting ethylene production.
Storage Root Production of Sweet Potato Seedlings and Vegetative Progeny1
Authors: Granberry Darbie M. , Conover R. A. , Whatley Booker T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.)], which failed to form storage roots, produced good yields of sweet potato roots of acceptable size and grade when propagated asexually by vine cuttings.
Titling Biological Papers for Proper Storage and Retrieval1
Authors: Wolf Virginia S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The title you give your paper is as important as the content. A good title helps the reader to know whether he should take the time to read your paper. The first significant word in a good title also informs the librarian where to file and how to index and cross reference your paper. The title must label the end product for storage and retrieval in a computer system or on microfilm. And if the label is minus a detail or two, the product cannot be adequately stored, much less retrieved.
Prolonging Storage Life of Avocado Fruits by Subatmospheric Pressure1
Authors: Apelbaum Akiva , Zauberman Giora , Fuchs Yoram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reducing the atmospheric pressure in the refrigerated storage chamber at 6°C markedly retards avocado fruit ripening. This effect is more pronounced when the pressure is reduced below 100 mm Hg. Fruit stored at 760 and 200 mm Hg ripened after 35 and 50 days, respectively, while fruit stored at pressures below 100 mm Hg remained unripe for 70 days in storage. The best storage pressure tested for avocado fruits was found to be 60 mm Hg. The inhibition of ripening under these conditions is explained by the lower oxygen partial pressure which retards respiration and ethylene production, and by the acceleration of the outward diffusion of ethylene from the tissue which lowers its internal level.
Seasonal Susceptibility of Grapefruit to Chilling Injury as Modified by Certain Growth Regulators1
Authors: Ismail M. A. , Grierson W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Changes in susceptibility to chilling injury of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi MacF.) were found to vary directly with the growth activity of the trees. Exogenous growth regulators were applied to test the hypothesis that they may be involved in seasonal variations in susceptibility to chilling injury. Benzyladenine, gibberellic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid applied postharvest and benzyladenine and 2,4-D applied preharvest significantly altered susceptibility to chilling injury although the direction and extent of the changes were neither consistent nor predictable.
Post-bloom Applications of Thiourea and KNO3 Fails to Alleviate Prolonged Dormancy in Peach Trees1
Authors: Wolak R. J. , Couvillon G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thiourea (TU) at 0.5 or 1% in combination with KNO3 at 2% sprayed on peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Washington) with delayed dormant symptoms 1 month after full bloom failed to alleviate the prolonged dormant conditions, were phytotoxic to the foliage, and resulted in severe aberrant fruit.
NAA-induced Sprout Control and Gummosis in Peach1
Authors: Couvillon G. A. , Bass S. , Joslin B. W. , Odom R. E. , Roberson J. E. , Sheppard D. , Tanner R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Consistent sprout control was obtained with peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Sungold) when 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 or 1% naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was applied to pruning cuts during 2 years with sprout control generally proportionate to concentration. NAA treatments induced gummosis around the pruning cuts with the degree of gummosis related to concentration.
Introduction to the Cell Culture Symposium
Authors: Rappaport Lawrence 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In many ways the first bloom is off the rosy image of the new cell culture with its promise for early development of new interspecific plants through somatic hybridization, incorporation of useful genes through protoplast fusion and gene transformation, and selection of mutant cells with desirable genetic traits for transmission to regenerated plants. If progress in cell culture has been slower than anticipated, a little reflection will help us to realize that this is not unusual in science. We might examine the satisfaction we feel in our knowledge of the field of intermediary metabolism, but only a little reminiscence leads one to the realization that this satisfaction is the product of leaps of creativity and technological advance, but also of many false starts and a great deal of painstaking effort.
Cytodifferentiation in Cultured Cells and Tissues
Authors: Torrey John G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant tissue culture as a useful technique became available about 1930 with the successful research efforts of Gautheret in France and White in the U.S. For the past 45 years a considerable amount of experimental and empirical information has accumulated on plant tissue and cell culture. Only in the past 5 to 10 years has the potential of this technique been widely recognized and applied to the variety of problems for which it is suited. Plant tissue culture has become recognized as a tremendously potent research tool, having also a wide-ranging importance for practical application as well.
Disease-Free Plants Via Tissue Culture Propagation
Authors: Langhans Robert W. , Horst R. Kenneth , Earle Elizabeth D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The potentials of tissue culturing for plant propagation and plant breeding have been described by numerous authors and reviewed by Murashige (30) and Nickell (31).. Unfortunately, the popularity and excitement of this field have caused more words than action and the apparent cookbook approach to tissue culture propagation has given the horticulturist the impression it is rather simple in execution and success. To a degree the execution is simple, but a successful propagation system is not. Tissue culturing is not doing all the things we know it is capable of doing, i.e. mass propagation, storage of germ-plasm, fusion of protoplasts, production of disease-free plants, etc., because the practical details have not yet been worked out.
Effect of Some Soil-applied Herbicides on Net Photosynthesis and Growth of Apple Trees1
Authors: Sharma Dharam P. , Ferree David C. , Hartman Fred O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of 4 soil-applied herbicides (4.5 kg/ha) on the net photosynthesis (Pn) of greenhouse grown ‘Golden Delicious’/M 7 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) was determined by infrared CO2 analysis. Monuron caused the greatest decrease in Pn, followed by atrazine and simazine. Diuron had no effect on Pn. Monuron and atrazine applications resulted in a decreased plastochron index. The influence of herbicides on Pn was apparent 10 days following treatment, and the effect persisted for the remainder of the experimental period of 40 days.
Multiple Herbicide Applications for Bittercress Control in Nursery Containers1
Authors: Ryan G. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Continuous control of bitterness (Cardamine oligosperma Nutt.) in nursery containers was maintained by repeated application of dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) at 2.2 kg/ha (4-week intervals) or 3.4 kg/ha (6-week intervals), and by oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dich-loro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha (6-week intervals), but not by simazine [2-chloro4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 1.3 or 1.8 kg/ha (4-week intervals). Bioassay of the upper 3 cm of the growing medium indicated that with an initial application of dichlobenil at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha, the amount decreased to 0.5 kg/ha or less within 4 to 6 weeks. Weed control was maintained by re-treatments maintaining the concentration at or above 0.5 kg/ha. Growth of azaleas was reduced by some treatments, but no effect on growth of rhododendrons was noted.
Screening Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) for Resistance to Curly Top Virus1
Authors: Ungs W. D. , Woodbridge C. G. , Csizinszky A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fifty plant introduction lines of pepper were screened for resistance to curly top virus using the vector Circulifer tenellus Baker and a strain of virus known to be pathogenic on peppers Inoculations were done by caging either 3 or 15 viruliferous leafhoppers onto a leaf at the 4-true-leaf stage of growth. Four lines (PI 257053, PI 281297, PI 288938, and PI 357522) showed apparent resistance when inoculated by 3 leafhoppers, but non appeared resistant for more than a few days when inoculated by 15 leafhoppers. No correlation was found between leafhopper longevity on a plant and that plant’s resistance to the virus.
Ethephon Alteration of Flowering and Fruit Set Pattern of Summer Squash1
Authors: Sams Carl E. , Krueger W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) increased the pistillate flowers and decreased the staminate flowers of summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L. Hermaphroditic flowers appeared when the effects of ethephon were declining. Ethephon-treated plants produced more pistillate flowers but also had more aborted flowers. No direct relationship of carbohydrate or other nutrient accumulations and flowering were established.
Carotene Content of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) Roots as Affected by Various Nematicide Treatments1
Authors: Bouwkamp J. C. , Kantzes J. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It has been reported (2, 3, 4) that the nematicides Nemagon and Telone C increased carotene content in carrots and sweet com. Since the carotene content of sweet potatoes is important nutritionally, an attempt was made to extend the observations to this crop and to various nematicides.
‘Corvallis’ Pea1
Authors: Baggett J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Corvallis’ pea was developed for home garden use in western Oregon and other areas of the northwest where pea production is limited by a complex of enation mosaic and pea streak viruses. In these areas, susceptible cultivars must be planted in Feb. or March to escape virus infection, and, even then, serious damage occurs in some seasons. Since wet springs typify most of the areas involved and often make the soil unworkable in Feb.-March, resistant cultivars are needed to permit April-June planting.
Recycling Municipal Wastewater for Hydroponic Culture
Authors: Berry Wade L. , Wallace A. , Lunt O. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reclaimed, secondary-treated municipal wastewater after chlorination and ponding is being used as the sole source of water and mineral nutrients in research studies on the hydroponic culture of ornamental and vegetable crops. A feasibility study is in progress to determine if greenhouse crops (e.g. tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, and chrysanthemums) can be produced using secondary-treated effluent as a water nutrient source, while at the same time removing sufficient primary nutrients and perhaps trace elements to also function as a tertiary treatment process. The cover photo of tomatoes illustrates the type of production achieved. Secondary-treated municipal wastewater constitutes an attractive alternative source of water and fertilizer nutrients for crop production since the nutrients present in the wastewater are already in a usable form and do not require any additional energy input to make them available to plants. At the same time, the removal of nutrients from waste-water during crop production would reduce the pollution load that inherently remains after secondary treatment. Additionally, when these two processes are combined in the same operation, the heat and carbon dioxide produced as byproducts in treatment processes could be used to enhance crop production. Thus, the combined processes could constitute a more attractive, economic alternative than the sums of the two separate operations.
Broadening University-level Horticultural Teaching1
Authors: Merritt Richard H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the past decade virtually all undergraduate programs in the agricultural sciences in the U.S. have been revised. The revisions were caused by many factors, including large increases in student numbers, changes in the background of students (e.g., rural vs. urban), environmental concerns and changing agricultural technology. The purpose of this article is to suggest the need for further revision to broaden the curriculum and its students in order to meet the challenges they will face in the years ahead.
Acetaldehyde Accumulation: Is It a Cause of Physiological Deterioration of Fruits?1
Authors: Smagula John M. , Bramlage William J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Acetaldehyde is a metabolite frequently attributed a key role in physiological deterioration of fruits and other plant materials. In fruits, it accumulates during ripening and during development of many physiological disorders. Its role in deterioration, however, is not clear. Its toxicity is easily demonstrated, hence it is tempting to ascribe injury and degeneration to acetaldehyde accumulation. Nevertheless, a body of evidence suggests that its accumulation is a result, rather than cause, of tissue disorganization. Resolution of this question awaits development of an analytical method that will overcome the deficiencies inherent in methods used in the past.
Tomato Acidity and the Safety of Home Canned Tomatoes
Authors: Sapers G. M. , Phillips J. G. , Stoner A. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fifty-eight cultivars of tomatoes were screened for the occurrence of high pH fruit. Although large differences in pH were found between and within cultivars, no pH values high enough to permit the growth of Clostridium botulinum were obtained. pH and titratable acidity were not highly correlated. Tomato acidity data obtained from 57 locations in 23 states for 356 cultivars and 212 breeding lines were compiled and analyzed to identify trends. These data show that small-fruited, light colored and “new” cultivars are not low in acid, as is commonly believed. A few high pH data points (pH ⩾ 4.7) were associated with specific cultivars, locations, and conditions (overripening). The response of some higher pH cultivars to acidulation with citric acid was determined; a linear relationship between pH and added acid was found. These data were used to evaluate several methods of acidulation recommended for home canners.
Genetic Immunity to Apple Mildew Incited by Podosphaera leucotricha1
Authors: Dayton Daniel F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A source of immunity to apple mildew, Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell.&Ev.) Salm., derived from a Malus species, when crossed with susceptible cultivars, conferred immunity to 50% of its progeny in greenhouse and field tests. Reciprocal crosses indicated a nuclear gene. A greenhouse method for large-scale screening is described.
A Comparison of Russeting among ‘Golden Delicious’ Subclones1
Authors: Cummins J. N. , Forsline P. L. , Way R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit finish, productivity, and tree size of 5 ‘Golden Delicious’ subclones (Malus domestica Borkh.) were compared during a 4-year period. Russeting damage greater than permitted for U.S. Fancy grade was observed in 20% of ‘Smoothee’ fruits, 55% of ‘Golden Delicious’ and 95% of each of 3 spur-type strains. No differences were observed in cumulative yield, trunk cross-sectional area, tree spread, tree height or efficiency between ‘Smoothee’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. Fruits of spur-type trees matured about 1 week later than nonspur type.
Effect of NAA on Shoot Growth of Topworked Fig Trees1
Authors: Nauer E. M. , Boswell S. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) sprayed as a 1% ethyl ester or sodium salt formulation below the grafts effectively controlled trunk and limb sprouts on topworked fig trees (Ficus carica L.). Reduction of scion growth and numbers of sprouts on unsprayed portions of grafted limbs indicated translocation of NAA for a distance of at least 10 cm.
Photographing Plant Material to Demonstrate Research Results1
Authors: Wright R. D. , Milhous E. P. , Gilliam C. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Obtaining quality photos of plant material to demonstrate research results is sometimes difficult. Adequate sunlight is necessary for photographing plants outdoors or in the greenhouse and shading may cause unsatisfactory results (Fig. 1). An alternative to using natural light is a system of 4 or 5 photoflood lights to illuminate subject from different angles. Although effective, this method requires a sizeable investment and is not very portable.
The Relationship between Shoot Growth and Area of Trunk Cross-section in Several Woody Plant Species1
Authors: Khatamian H. , Hilton R. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationship between shoot growth and area of trunk cross-section was curvilinear for apple, peach, pear, plum, and hybrid Carolina poplar trees grown in rhizotron compartments in Fox sandy loam under natural conditions. The coefficient of determination (R2) values ranged from 0.86 to 0.99, indicating trunk diameter, transformed to area of cross-section, may be substituted for shoot growth in estimating tree vigor.
‘Carver’ Sweet Potato1
Authors: Whatley Booker T. , Phills Bobby R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ‘Carver’ sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam) has been released by Tuskegee Institute to fill a need for a cultivar possessing high resistance to fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas, and intermediate resistance to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. ‘Carver’ is a dual purpose cultivar, suited for both fresh and processing market (Fig. 1), and it is well adapted to Alabama growing conditions.
‘Alpenglow’, ‘Elfengren’, ‘Green Candle’, ‘Oregon Jade’, ‘Oregon Pixie’ and ‘Tyrol’ Dwarf Mugo Pines1
Authors: Roberts A. N. , Moeller F. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Mugo or Swiss mountain pine is one of the most popular evergreen shrubs for modem landscaping. Mugo pines include the type species (sometimes referred to as var. mugo or var. mughus) and 3 additional geographical varieties pumilio (Haenke) Zenari, rostrata (Ant.) Gord., and rotunda (Link) Gord. (1, 8). The most desirable dwarf forms for landscape use are derived from p. mugo var. pumilio. The other 2 botanical varieties are usually of arboreal size.
Scab-Resistant Apples
Authors: Asen Sam , Dayton D. F. , Mowry J. B. , Williams E. B. , Janick Jules , Emerson F. H. , Hough L. F. , Bailey Catherin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. is one of the most economically important apple diseases, because of the annual loss of marketable fruit, tree debilitation as a result of foliage destruction, and the cost of chemicals, equipment, and labor for its control. Infection can occur at any time during the growing season in humid apple-producing areas of the world. Most scab control programs must be based on the application of 5 to 15 or more protective fungicide sprays from the beginning of bud break to harvest. Estimates of direct costs for scab control including fungicides, equipment costs, and labor range from 20 to 30¢ per bushel or some 10% of the annual cost of production. In addition, chemical control must be exacting with application of spray materials most efficacious in rainy spring weather it is oftne difficult to move equipment through the orchard.
Possible Use of Chromatographic Analysis of Phenols for Poinsettia Cultivar Identification1
Authors: Werner D. J. , Sink K. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phenolic compounds extracted from leaf tissue of 8 poinsettia cultivars (Euphorbia pulcherrtma willd. ex. Klotzsch) grown in a vegetative state were analyzed using 2-dimensional paper chromatography to determine if they could be biochemically distinguished. Six of the 8 cultivars studied, closely related on the basis of presumed ancestry and previous biochemical studies, exhibited similar chromatographic patterns. The other two cultivars, each having diverse, unrelated genetic backgrounds, exhibited only minor differences in their phenolic profiles. Therefore, two-dimensional chromatographic analysis of phenols did not successfully aid in cultivar identification.
Clonal Propagation of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) through Tissue Culture1
Authors: Hosoki T. , Sagawa Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clonal propagation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was achieved by in vitro culture using buds from rhizomes in storage on a medium consisting of Murashige-Skoog major elements, Ringe-Nitsch minor elements and vitamins, 2% sucrose, and 1 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Numerous adventitious shoots with roots were produced by repeated subculture of individual plantlets on 1 ppm BA medium. Rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to a mixture of 2 peat:1 sponge rock:1 vermiculite in the greenhouse and eventually to full sun in the nursery.
Selection for Lygus Bug Resistance in Carrot1
Authors: Scott Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant resistance to insects of the genus Lygus Hahn has been reported in bean (4), alfalfa (1) and cotton (2). The level of resistance of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to lygus bugs (L. hesperus Knight, L. elisus van Duzee) varies within and among cultivars (3). I carried out the present study to ascertain if the resistance level could be increased by inbreeding and selection.
Influence of Genotype and CO2 on Discoloration, Phenolic Content, Peroxidase, and Phenolase Activities in Snap Beans1
Authors: Henderson J. R. , Buescher R. W. , Morelock T. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The role of phenolic content and phenolase activity in the postharvest discoloration of broken snap bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was studied by measuring their levels in broken pods which discolored in 24 hours and in broken pods in which discoloration was inhibited by CO2. Elevated CO2 atmospheres (30%) inhibited the increase in phenolics content but did not affect phenolase activity. In addition, phenolic content, peroxidase, and phenolase activities were determined in 2 genotypes which discolor slightly (‘Blue Crop’ and ‘NCX8005’) and two which discolor severely (‘Provider’ and ‘GP72-122’). Again, discoloration was associated with increased levels of phenolic substances after injury regardless of phenolase and peroxidase activities. Systems which inhibit production of phenolics in response to injury reduce the problem of discoloration.