bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Psycholinguistic Look at the Role of Field Dependence/Independence in Receptive/Productive Vocabulary Knowledge: Does it Draw a Line?
Authors: Heidari Kamal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe thrust of this study was to investigate the impact of learning styles in general and Field dependence/Independence (FD/I) in particular on the receptive/productive lexical performance of language learners. It aimed to check whether FD/I learners perform differently on receptive and productive vocabulary tests. To achieve this, first, 94 Iranian language learners were given the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) to determine their learning style; and second, they were put into two groups and were asked to take a receptive and a productive vocabulary test. Having collected and analyzed the data, the study revealed that first, with regard to the receptive test, although FI learners outperformed the FD ones, this outperformance was not significant statistically. Second, for the productive test, a significant difference was found between FIs and FDs with FI learners having a better performance. Third, FI learners acted significantly better in the productive test compared with receptive test. Finally, FD learners performed almost similarly in both receptive and productive tests. The pertinent implications are also discussed.
Help-Seeking Undocumented Migrants in the Netherlands: Mental Health, Adverse Life Events, and Living Conditions
Authors: Vollebregt Sandrine J. C. , Scholte Willem F. , Hoogerbrugge Annette , Bolhuis Koen , Vermeulen Jentien M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUndocumented migrants are a particularly vulnerable group regarding (mental) health, living conditions, and restricted access to health care. The aim and objective of the study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of mental health problems in a help-seeking population of undocumented migrants. Observational study was performed by integrating cross-sectional questionnaire data with retrospective electronic patient record data. Undocumented migrants attending medical and psychological consultation hours of a Netherlands-based non-governmental organization completed the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). We examined scores of the instrument’s 24 items version (SRQ-24) and its 20 items version (SRQ-20). Correlates of mental health were estimated using parametric tests. On the SRQ-20, 85% (95% CI 77–91%) of the sample (N = 101) scored ≥ 8, the clinical cut-off value for common mental disorders; mean = 12.4 ± 4.6, range 0–20. Adverse life events like physical and sexual assault were reported in 37% of the medical records (N = 99) and had a medium-to-large effect (Cohen’s d = 0.76) on SRQ-24 scores. Mental health problems are common in help-seeking undocumented migrants. This study underlines the need of improving access to mental health care for undocumented migrants.
High-growth firms’ contribution to aggregate productivity growth
Authors: Bisztray Márta , de Nicola Francesca , Muraközy Balázs 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the contribution of high-growth firms (HGFs) to aggregate productivity growth, using Hungarian firm-level data. Three stylized facts emerge. First, output-based HGFs substantially outperform employment-based ones in terms of their productivity contribution: on average, sales-based HGFs contribute 5 times as much as employment-based ones. Further, the contribution of employment-based HGFs is negative in 48-50% of industry-years, compared to 25-31% for sales-based HGFs. Second, HGFs tend to contribute to productivity growth only during their high-growth phase but not afterwards. Third, HGFs’ contribution to productivity growth is higher in industries with more effective reallocation and with more young firms, but none of these are strong predictors of the HGFs’ contribution. Finally, we present a simple benchmark model to show that these patterns arise naturally under realistic correlation structures.
Consuming microplastics? Investigation of commercial salts as a source of microplastics (MPs) in diet
Authors: Kuttykattil Aswin , Raju Subash , Vanka Kanth Swaroop , Bhagwat Geetika , Carbery Maddison , Vincent Salom Gnana Thanga , Raja Sudhakaran , Palanisami Thava 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The omnipresence of microplastics (MPs) in marine and terrestrial environments as a pollutant of concern is well established and widely discussed in the literature. However, studies on MP contamination in commercial food sources like salts from the terrestrial environment are scarce. Thus, this is the first study to investigate various varieties of Australian commercial salts (both terrestrial and marine salts) as a source of MPs in the human diet, and the first to detect MPs in black salt. Using Nile red dye, the MPs were detected and counted under light microscopy, further characterised using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Of all the 90 suspected particles, 78.8% were identified as MPs with a size ranging between 23.2 µm and 3.9 mm. The fibres and fragments constituted 75.78% and 24.22% respectively. Among the tested samples, Himalayan pink salt (coarse) from terrestrial sources was found to have the highest MP load, i.e. 174.04 ± 25.05 (SD) particle/kg, followed by black salt at 157.41 ± 23.13 particle/kg. The average concentration of detected MPs in Australian commercial salts is 85.19 ± 63.04 (SD) per kg. Polyamide (33.8%) and polyurethane (30.98%) were the dominant MP types. Considering the maximum recommended (World Health Organization) salt uptake by adults daily at 5 g, we interpret that an average person living in Australia may be ingesting approximately 155.47 MPs/year from salt uptake. Overall, MP contamination was higher in terrestrial salts (such as black and Himalayan salt) than the marine salt. In conclusion, we highlight those commercial salts used in our daily lives serve as sources of MPs in the diet, with unknown effects on human health.
Calibration of a constitutive model for volcanic sands under simple shear conditions
Authors: Moscariello Mariagiovanna , Chen Yanni , Cuomo Sabatino , Buscarnera Giuseppe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe simple shear response of air-fall volcanic (pyroclastic) soils under both saturated and unsaturated conditions is interpreted through an elastoplastic constitutive model with hydraulic-hardening and porosity-dependent critical state. Extensive experimental data collected under various testing protocols (i.e., simple shear, direct shear, and triaxial tests) enable the theoretical identification of the variability of the fundamental physical properties (i.e., frictional resistance, dilatancy, and water retention behavior) and the identification of a band of admissible values for prescribed confidence levels. In this paper, a constitutive model specifically developed to account for the simple shear loading is adopted and the calibration of the model parameters is performed accounting for such data scatter. The calibration procedure led to a single set of constitutive parameters through 3 main steps. The identification of range of variation for each parameter is carried out using the data derived from laboratory tests. Then, sensitivity analyses are performed on the main physical and constitutive parameters. Mathematical indicators quantifying the difference between the measurements and the predictions are proposed to investigate the role of the material properties and evaluate the model performance. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm is adopted to identify the optimal set of model parameters which best fits all the considered tests (i.e., simple shear tests under saturated and unsaturated conditions and wetting tests). The results imply that the variability of the hydro-mechanical properties must be considered to satisfactorily simulate the constitutive behaviors of the volcanic soils under a variety of simple shear testing regimes.
The “true” acetabular anteversion angle (AV angle): 2D CT versus 3D model
Authors: Barlow Kira A. , Krol Zdzislaw , Skadlubowicz Pawel , Dong Chao , Zivkovic Vanja , Krieg Andreas H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Different factors can lead to inconsistencies in measurement for the acetabular version using 2D axial CT-cuts. We have defined a “true” anteversion angle (AV angle) in the physiological position of the pelvis in 3D with the largest European population measured to our knowledge.

Material and methods
We analyzed 258 hemipelvises and created 3D models. We compared the results of our AV angle 3D method with the cross-sectional cuts of the same acetabula. We included factors like side, sex, body mass index, and patient positioning.

Results
Overall, the mean (SD) AV angle was 16.1 (5.9)° as measured with the 3D method and 22.0 (6.0)° as measured with the 2D method (p < 0.0001). Measured with both the 3D and the 2D method, the AV angle was significantly larger in female than in male individuals (p < 0.0001).
In the 2D method, the AV angle estimation was influenced by the pelvic tilt.

Conclusion
We propose a more accurate method for the measurement of the AV angle of the acetabulum in a 3D model that is not influenced by patient positioning or pelvic tilt. We provide a computational model that will facilitate operative decisions and improve preoperative planning. We confirm that 3D measurement should be the gold standard in measuring the acetabular anteversion.
The dynamics of institutional arrangements for climate change adaptation in small island developing states in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Authors: Robinson Stacy-ann , Carlson D’Arcy , Bouton Emma , Dolan Mara , Meakem Allison , Messer Anna , Roberts J. Timmons 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe successful design, implementation and management of the institutional arrangements for climate change adaptation are critical components of sustainable development. This is especially true for small island developing states (SIDS), a group of 58 countries spread across three main geographic regions, which are acknowledged as being disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In many instances, the dynamics of these arrangements in SIDS are poorly understood and documented. This study helps to fill this gap by identifying and analyzing “networks of action situations” through semi-structured interviews with 14 national and international climate change officials and practitioners in four SIDS (Comoros, Maldives, Seychelles, and Singapore) in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans region. We find that there are a few strategic actors involved in multiple, mutually reinforcing and sometimes conflicting arrangements, which are simultaneously being shaped and reshaped at different scales. We also find varying patterns of power, politics and participation that act as both drivers of and barriers to adaptation in these countries. By deconstructing institutional interlinkages and strategic feedback loops, this paper contributes to a broader understanding of the complexities of environmental governance in small jurisdictions.
Facial-sketch Synthesis: A New Challenge
Authors: Fan Deng-Ping , Huang Ziling , Zheng Peng , Liu Hong , Qin Xuebin , Van Gool Luc 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to conduct a comprehensive study on facial-sketch synthesis (FSS). However, due to the high cost of obtaining hand-drawn sketch datasets, there is a lack of a complete benchmark for assessing the development of FSS algorithms over the last decade. We first introduce a high-quality dataset for FSS, named FS2K, which consists of 2 104 image-sketch pairs spanning three types of sketch styles, image backgrounds, lighting conditions, skin colors, and facial attributes. FS2K differs from previous FSS datasets in difficulty, diversity, and scalability and should thus facilitate the progress of FSS research. Second, we present the largest-scale FSS investigation by reviewing 89 classic methods, including 25 handcrafted feature-based facial-sketch synthesis approaches, 29 general translation methods, and 35 image-to-sketch approaches. In addition, we elaborate comprehensive experiments on the existing 19 cutting-edge models. Third, we present a simple baseline for FSS, named FSGAN. With only two straightforward components, i.e., facial-aware masking and style-vector expansion, our FSGAN surpasses the performance of all previous state-of-the-art models on the proposed FS2K dataset by a large margin. Finally, we conclude with lessons learned over the past years and point out several unsolved challenges. Our code is available at https://github.com/DengPingFan/FSGAN.
Combining two-photon lithography with laser ablation of sacrificial layers: A route to isolated 3D magnetic nanostructures
Authors: van den Berg Arjen , Caruel Mylène , Hunt Matthew , Ladak Sam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) nanostructured functional materials are important systems allowing new means for intricate control of electromagnetic properties. A key problem is realising a 3D printing methodology on the nanoscale that can yield a range of functional materials. In this article, it is shown that two-photon lithography, when combined with laser ablation of sacrificial layers, can be used to realise such a vision and produce 3D functional nanomaterials of complex geometry. Proof-of-principle is first shown by fabricating planar magnetic nanowires raised above the substrate that exhibit controlled domain wall injection and propagation. Secondly, 3D artificial spin-ice (3DASI) structures are fabricated, whose complex switching can be probed using optical magnetometry. We show that by careful analysis of the magneto-optical Kerr effect signal and by comparison with micromagnetic simulations, depth dependent switching information can be obtained from the 3DASI lattice. The work paves the way for new materials, which exploit additional physics provided by non-trivial 3D geometries.
Künstliche Intelligenz, Bias und Versicherungen – Eine technische und rechtliche Analyse
Authors: Pohlmann Petra , Vossen Gottfried , Everding Jan , Scheiper Johanna 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) kann in der datengetriebenen Versicherungswirtschaft erhebliche Effizienzgewinne mit sich bringen. Das gilt auch für den Einsatz von KI im Verhältnis zu potenziellen Kunden, Versicherungsnehmern und Begünstigten von Versicherungsleistungen. KI trägt jedoch das Risiko eines Bias, eines systematischen Prognosefehlers, und damit der Diskriminierung, in sich. Dieser interdisziplinäre Beitrag untersucht aus Sicht der Informatik die Gefahr eines Bias und ihre Ursachen. Darauf aufbauend wird aus juristischer Sicht erörtert, inwieweit bei Bias die Diskriminierungsverbote eingreifen und welche Rechtsfolgen sie haben. Eine anschließende Analyse der technischen Vermeidbarkeit von Bias führt zu der juristischen Frage, wie das Versicherungsaufsichtsrecht sicherstellt, dass Bias soweit wie möglich verhindert wird. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung des EU-Entwurfs einer KI-Verordnung für die Vermeidung von Bias beleuchtet. Wie man mit der in diesem Beitrag angenommenen Unvermeidbarkeit von Bias informationstechnologisch und versicherungsrechtlich umzugehen hat, ist eine der wichtigen, in weiterer interdisziplinärer Forschung zu klärenden Fragen.
Intestine epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate inflammation induced by Clostridioides difficile TcdB through the activity of TGF-β1
Authors: Wan Shuangshuang , Song Guangzhong , Hu Hui , Xu Yaqing , Zeng Peng , Lin Shan , Yang Jun , Jiang Jinqin , Song Xiaojun , Luo Yongneng , Jin Dazhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been primarily associated with the toxin B (TcdB), one of the three known protein toxins secreted by C. difficile, which can activate the intestinal immune system and lead to pathological damage. Even though the biological functions of intestine epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (I-Evs) have been well documented, the role of I-Evs in the process of CDI is still unknown.

Objectives
The protective effect of I-Evs against C. difficile TcdB was investigated both in cultured murine colon carcinoma MC38 cells and a mouse model used in this study.

Results
Mouse I-Evs with mean diameter ranging from 100 to 200 nm and a density of 1.09–1.17 g/mL were obtained and confirmed containing the Ev-associated specific surface markers CD63 and TSG101 as well as high level of TGF-β1. In MC38 cells, I-Evs were able to decrease the gene expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-22 induced by C. difficile TcdB, but to increase both the gene expression and protein levels of TGF-β1. I-Evs treatment via intraperitoneal administration alleviates C. difficile TcdB-induced local colon inflammation in mice and increased their survival rate from 50% up to 80%. Furthermore, I-Evs induced an increase in the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+Tregs in vitro and in vivo through a TGF-β1-dependent mechanism by activating the TGF-β1 pathway and prompting phosphorylation of the downstream proteins Smad 2/3.

Conclusion
For the first time, our study demonstrated that I-Evs originated from intestine epithelial cells can alleviate inflammation induced by C. difficile TcdB both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, I-Evs might be potentially a novel endogenous candidate for effective treatment of CDI.
Fungicide control of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, causal agent of chestnut rot in Australia
Authors: Silva-Campos Matias , Islam Md Tohidul , Cahill David M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChestnut rot caused by Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is considered a severe threat to the production of chestnuts from European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Australia and overseas. Currently, most of the control strategies are applied post-harvest and little is known about the use of fungicides to reduce nut infection in orchards early in the season. This research evaluated the effectiveness of various fungicides against the pathogen in vitro and selected the most effective products for field trials. In vitro experiments showed that pyraclostrobin and difenoconazole-based fungicides effectively inhibited conidial germination and mycelial growth, respectively. The field trial showed that both active ingredients combined were more effective than single applications in suppressing the level of nut infection caused by G. smithogilvyi. Based on our results, using the selected fungicides can be an additional tool for growers to complement their current practices in the control of chestnut rot. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focused on the effectiveness of chemical treatments against G. smithogilvyi.
Pantograph–catenary electrical contact system of high-speed railways: recent progress, challenges, and outlooks
Authors: Wu Guangning , Dong Keliang , Xu Zhilei , Xiao Song , Wei Wenfu , Chen Huan , Li Jie , Huang Zhanglin , Li Jingwei , Gao Guoqiang , Kang Guozheng , Tu Chuanjun , Huang Xingyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs the unique power entrance, the pantograph–catenary electrical contact system maintains the efficiency and reliability of power transmission for the high-speed train. Along with the fast development of high-speed railways all over the world, some commercialized lines are built for covering the remote places under harsh environment, especially in China; these environmental elements including wind, sand, rain, thunder, ice and snow need to be considered during the design of the pantograph–catenary system. The pantograph–catenary system includes the pantograph, the contact wire and the interface—pantograph slide. As the key component, this pantograph slide plays a critical role in reliable power transmission under dynamic condition. The fundamental material characteristics of the pantograph slide and contact wire such as electrical conductivity, impact resistance, wear resistance, etc., directly determine the sliding electrical contact performance of the pantograph–catenary system; meanwhile, different detection methods of the pantograph–catenary system are crucial for the reliability of service and maintenance. In addition, the challenges brought from extreme operational conditions are discussed, taking the Sichuan–Tibet Railway currently under construction as a special example with the high-altitude climate. The outlook for developing the ultra-high-speed train equipped with the novel pantograph–catenary system which can address the harsher operational environment is also involved. This paper has provided a comprehensive review of the high-speed railway pantograph–catenary systems, including its progress, challenges, outlooks in the history and future.
Chemical recycling of polyurethane foam waste and application for antibacterial and removal of anionic and cationic dyes
Authors: Moawed Elhossein A. , Kiwaan Hala A. , El-Zakzouk Shireen K. , El-Sonbati Mervat A. , El-Zahed Mohamed M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe large amounts of polyurethane foam wastes (PUFWs) produced in the automobiles, buildings, and furniture industries cause many environmental problems. Therefore, the recycling of PUFWs has acquired great interest worldwide. In this study, the PUFWs were converted to new nanocomposite. The chemical modification of PUFWs was conducted through reflux with potassium permanganate in 0.1 M H2SO4. The produced PUF-COO@MnO2 nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and Magnetic susceptibility. PUF-COO@MnO2 has been used for the removal of cationic (Methylene blue) and anionic (Trypan blue) dyes from industrial wastewater. The antibacterial effect of PUF-COO@MnO2 was also examined against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The adsorption capacities of PUF-COO@MnO2 for tested dyes were 277 and 269 mg/g. Moreover, PUF-COO@MnO2 showed a potent antibacterial action against B. cereus (8.8 mm) followed by S. aureus (7.5 mm) and E. coli (7.1 mm). It was concluded that PUF-COO@MnO2 can be employed as antibacterial low-cost material and for the removal of synthetic dyes from industrial effluents.
Variability of Arabian Sea surface circulation and chlorophyll distribution: a remote sensing estimation
Authors: Peter Benny N. , Sreejith Meenakshi , Siswanto Eko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh resolution mean surface velocity field of the Arabian Sea was derived by combining sea level anomalies based on satellite altimetry data with the surface drifter data. The mean current field exhibits the western boundary Somali Current, weak westward North Equatorial Current, weak West Indian Coastal Current. Besides strong currents, the Arabian Sea exhibits strong mesoscale eddy activity in the western side. The seasonal surface circulation changes of the Arabian Sea and variability associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events were determined. The Somali Current is northward during summer, with a speed above 1.8 m/s in July and it reverses towards south in winter. Significant changes were found in the flow pattern during IOD events. An anticyclonic gyre near the equator was a conspicuous feature during the positive IOD. Further, the Great Whirl shows an earlier formation and dissipation during the positive IOD. Notably, a delay of southward reversal of the Somali Current is found during the positive IOD. The southward flow of West Indian Coastal Current during summer monsoon is much stronger during the positive IOD and the northward flow in fall is prominent during negative IOD. The eastward Equatorial Jet is absent in fall and instead an opposite (westward) flow prevails during the positive IOD. Enhanced Chl-a concentration occurs during the negative IOD, compared to the positive IOD, especially in the western Arabian Sea. The wind-driven upwelling and mesoscale eddies are significantly modifying the Chl-a distribution along the Somali Coast.