bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation and Association of Grain Quality Traits in Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp,) Landraces and Some Improved Cultivars of Ethiopia
Authors: Fufa Miheretu , Gedebo Andargachew , Letta Tesfaye 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A total of 196 tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum spp) germplasm, representing 174 landraces and 22 improved cultivars, of Ethiopia were evaluated assess to the variation and correlation of traits using 8 grain quality traits, There was a highly significant (p < 0.001) variation among the genotypes for all traits. Except for vitreousness percentage, all the traits were highly significantly (p < 0.001) affected by the environment. Range values revealed that there was high variability among the genotypes in their thousand kernel weight, Zeleny index, and vitreousness percentage; medium variability in gluten content and low variability in seed yield, and protein content. The mean values of thousand kernel weight, seed yield, gluten content, protein content, Zeleny index, and vitreousness percentage respectively was 34.24 ± 0.28,3.25 ± 0.06, 26.49 ± 0.21,13.3 ± 0.06, 41.57 ± 0.57, and 68.44 ± .1.12. The values of PCV and GCV were high for seed yield, Zeleny index, vitreousness percentage; intermediate for gluten content and thousand kernel weight and low for protein content. Estimate of broad sense heritability (H2) ranged from 33.57% for seed yield to 66.36% for Zeleny index. The observed genetic advance and GAM were high for seed yield and Zeleny index; intermediate for thousand kernel weight, gluten content, and vitreousness percentage, and low for protein content. Seed yield showed a highly significant positive correlation with thousand kernel weight and vitreousness percentage and a positive correlation with protein content and gluten content (0.1). The present result concluded that there was high variation among the genotypes in their grain quality. The implication for breeding was discussed.
Benchmarking a Large Twitter Dataset for Arabic Emotion Analysis
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed El-Sayed , Lazem Shaimaa , Abougabal Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Emotion analysis of social media content, e.g., Twitter, is a useful tool forunderstanding people’s reactions during critical events such as Covid-19pandemic. Arabic annotated emotion datasets are nonetheless scarce, whichconsequently affects the accuracy of emotion detection applications, and limittheir usefulness. During the first year of the pandemic, a large Arabic EgyptianCOVID-19 Twitter Dataset (ArECTD) was collected and annotated employing amix of manual annotation and semi-supervised self-learning technique. ArECTDis compromised of approximately 78K tweets and ten emotion labels making itone of the largest available Arabic emotion datasets. The mixed annotationapproach is particularly promising for handling the demanding annotation taskand potentially growing the number of Arabic emotion datasets. The paper aimsto examine the quality of the annotation of ArECTD by measuring the lexicalcorrelates of each emotion. Moreover, content-based analysis was conducted as apractical case study to identify correlations between the detected emotions andthe Egyptian government’s decisions during the pandemic. Furthermore,classification models are developed for ArECTD by fine-tuning thestate-of-the-art Arabic deep learning transformer models, AraBERT andMARBERT, achieving accuracies of 70.01% of 72.5%, respectively. Thegeneralization of the best ArECTD classification model to two other datasetsfrom different domains was studied using transfer learning.
A new educational grading system based on fuzzy techniques
Authors: He Xingxing , Li Yingfang , Yang Bin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, the authors propose a new educational grading system based on fuzzy techniques including five interrelated modules. Through an example used to illustrate the process of the proposed fuzzy educational grading system, we find that the proposed system satisfy the essential needs for educational grading systems as well as can overcome the limitations of some existing fuzzy educational grading systems. After making a discussion between the marks obtained from the proposed fuzzy educational grading system and the marks by the traditional method, we find that the proposed evaluation system can evaluate students' answer sheets in a more objective and intelligent manner. The aim of the proposed method is not to replace existing fuzzy educational grading systems but to enrich the present systems for students' learning achievement evaluation.
Consequences of anthropogenic activities and beach dynamics on vertical distribution of microplastics in the mid-intertidal sediments of Donghai Island, China
Authors: Machendiranathan Mayakrishnan , Hu Yaoqiang , Chen WeiCong , Tan Ao , Xie Lingling , Chen Fajin , Jin Guangzhe , Ranith Rajamohanan Pillai , Senthilnathan Lakshmanan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Microplastic accumulation and resulting degradation are significant threats to the coastal ecosystems around the world. Baseline information on microplastics and their sources is of great importance for a permanent waste management system. The present study focused on the vertical distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the mid-intertidal zone of Donghai Island, China. At eight locations, sediment samples were collected from surface to a depth of 30 cm at intervals of 5 cm. Overall, we found five different polymer types, and vertical distributions of microplastics varied ranging from 0 to 200 particles/kg, with the mean value of 32.92±41.35 particles/kg. Sediment samples collected from all stations contained microplastics with high contribution of fibres. Intruded microplastic materials recorded in sediment samples at a depth of 30 cm demonstrate that microplastics may be present at depths greater than 30 cm. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDAX) analysis revealed presence of common elements in the microplastics surface (silicon, aluminium, magnesium, copper, and calcium). Based on the observations and results from this study, we suggest implementing a robust microplastic removal management program in Donghai Island to avoid serious microplastic intrusion effects on benthos and environmental contamination.
The Molecular Mechanism of CoenzymeQ10 on Pyroptosis and its Related
Diseases: A Review
Authors: Xiang Qiong , Fu Chuan-Jun , Li Xian-Hui 
Published: August 2022

Background:
In recent years, cell pyroptosis has made it widely concerned. Pyroptosis is
characterized by the activation of pathways leading to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and its
downstream effector, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which has close relationship with
inflammation. Recent evidence supports that CoenzymeQ10 (CoQ10) reduces related inflammatory
factors (NLRP3、IL-1β and IL-18), which are associated with cell pyroptosis.
This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of CoQ10 inhibiting pyroptosis of different cells and its
possible mechanism. Further research is needed to better define the response effects of CoQ10 on
specific aspects of cell pyroptosis (such as priming, promotion, and signaling), and to further
investigate the organizational and cellular mechanisms by which CoQ10 reduces pyroptosis in different
cells.
Heterocycles in Breast Cancer Treatment: The Use of Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Ardevines Sandra , Marqués-López Eugenia , Herrera Raquel P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Among the aromatic heterocycle rings, pyrazole –a five-membered ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms in its structure has been postulated as a potent candidate in the pharmacological context. This moiety is an interesting therapeutic target covering a broad spectrum of biological activities due to its presence in many natural substances.
Hence, the potential of the pyrazole derivatives as antitumor agents has been explored in many investigations, showing promising results in some cases. In this sense, breast cancer, which is already the leading cause of cancer mortality in women in some countries, has been the topic selected for this review, which covers a range of different research from the earliest studies published in 2003 to the most recent ones in 2021.
Nanotechnological Systems and Lung: A Perfect Combination for Lung Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Santonocito Debora , Puglia Carmelo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:Nowadays, lungs are the most common organs affected by diseases due to climate change, tobacco smoking, pollution and genetic factors. Conventional pharmacotherapy (oral medication or injection) is poorly selective; this causes toxicity problems and numerous systemic side effects. Furthermore, although pulmonary administration is an interesting drug administration route for treating lung diseases, inhalation therapy is complex mainly due to the lung defense mechanisms leading to rapid drug elimination. Pulmonary drug delivery using nanocarriers appears to be the best therapeutic strategy to overcome these issues. In fact, these nanosystems can reduce both drug therapeutic dose and side effects, improving patient compliance, avoiding alveolar macrophage clearance, protecting the drug from degradation processes, and providing a controlled and targeted drug release. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the scientific literature regarding the use of nanocarriers to treat the main lung diseases (cancer, asthma, infections). In particular, attention was devoted to liposomes and polymer- and lipid-based nanoparticles, being the topic of most published articles in the last decade.
Pitongshu Alleviates the Adverse Symptoms in Rats with Functional Dyspepsia
Through Regulating Visceral Hypersensitivity Caused by 5-HT
Overexpression
Authors: Chen Su-Hong , Zhu Li-Jie , Zhi Yi-Hui , Wu Han-Song , Li Lin-Zi , Li Bo , Shen Shu-Hua , Lv Gui-Yuan , Wang Kun-Gen 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
The aim of the study was to explore the efficacy as well as the mechanism of action
of Pitongshu (PTS) on rats with functional dyspepsia (FD) induced by iodoacetamide gavage and
tail clamping.

Methods:
The bioactive components of PTS were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine
Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), whereas the potential targets of
PTS were obtained from the Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA), TCMSP, and Swiss Target Prediction
Database. The disease targets were obtained from the DisGeNET database, whereas Gene
Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were
performed using the R Software. The method of iodoacetamide gavage combined with tail clamping
was used to establish the FD rat model in this study. Body weight, food intake, gastrointestinal motility,
gastric acidity and secretion, and the mechanical pain threshold of rats were measured. The
open-field test was also performed. The stomach and duodenum were histologically observed. The
levels of serotonin (5-HT), Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), Motilin (MTL), and Gastrin
(GAS) in gastric tissues were detected by ELISA.

Results:
A total of 139 bioactive components and 17 potential targets of PTS were identified through a
network pharmacology approach. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that
PTS could reduce the 5-HT secretion of gastric tissues through the serotonergic synaptic pathway and
alleviate the symptoms of FD, indicating that PTS plays a therapeutic role. The results of animal experiments
showed that PTS could increase body weight and food intake, improve autonomous activity,
and decrease gastric acidity and secretion in FD rats. Furthermore, gastric sensitivity increased in FD
rats, and PTS treatment could significantly decrease it. The results of ELISA showed that the overexpression
of 5-HT and CGRP was decreased after PTS treatment in FD rats. Lastly, PTS could significantly
improve gastrointestinal motility, as well as the levels of GAS and MTL in FD rats.

Conclusion:
PTS may reduce 5-HT secretion by regulating the serotonergic synaptic pathway,
thereby reducing visceral sensitivity and alleviating the symptoms of FD.
WITHDRAWN: Anti-lung cancer mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa Willd based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Li Xian , Huang Fuhao , Xu Liansong , Niu Wenwen , Pang Jinlong , Li Shanshan 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancer types. Traditional Chinese medicines with heat clearing and detoxification efficacy have been extensively studied for the treatment of lung cancer. However, the inhibitory effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW), with heat clearing and detoxification efficacy, on lung cancer and the underlying mechanism remain unclear.

Objective:
To explore the potential mechanism of action of HDW in the treatment of lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.

Methods:
The pharmacological database of the traditional Chinese medicine system and the analysis platform (TCMSP) were used to search for the active components and targets of HDW. Disease targets were collected using the GeneCard and OMIM databases. Construction of “active ingredient-target-disease” and protein interaction (PPI) networks was performed using Cytoscape Software and the STRING Database. GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses were carried out using the R language, and visualisation was performed. Finally, Molecular docking was performed between the bioactive components and core targets. The molecular mechanism underlying the effects of Hedyotis diffusa injection (HDI) treatment on lung cancer was verified in vitro and in vivo by culturing lung cancer A549 cells.

Results:
The “active ingredient-target-disease” network screened five core active components of HDW; the PPI network screened 23 core targets. Through enrichment analyses, it was found that the mechanism of action mainly involved PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components and the core target could strongly associate. In vitro experimental results showed that HDI inhibited the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells and can regulate apoptosis of lung cancer A549 cells through PI3K / Akt signaling pathway. The results based on tumour-bearing nude mice showed that HDI could significantly reduce the volumes and weights of tumours without affecting the body weight and no significant toxic effects and that HDI significantly increased tumour tissue cell apoptosis.

Conclusion:
This study revealed the mechanism through which HDW affects lung cancer through multi-component-multi-target-multi-pathway means and provides a scientific basis and research ideas for follow-up studies on HDW for the treatment of lung cancer.
P2RY12 Increased Neuroinflammation to Accelerate Depression-like
Behaviors by the NLPR3 Inflammasome
Authors: Yu Enyan , Liu Jie 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Depression is a class of important mental illness, which has become a severe
health problem perplexing the world due to its high morbidity rate, high disability rate, and
great disease burden. This study aimed to evaluate the role and possible mechanisms of P2RY12 in
the depression-like behaviors model.

Methods:
Serum samples of patients with depression-like behaviors were used to analyze the expression
of P2RY12. Models of mice were given LPS via intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. Behavioral
tests were executed in this experiment.

Results:
The expression of P2RY12 in models of depression-like behaviors or mice with depression-
like behaviors were induced. The inhibition of P2RY12 presents depression-like behaviors and
reduces inflammation in the model of depression-like behaviors. P2RY12 induced NLRP3 expression
and suppressed NLRP3 ubiquitination in a model of depression-like behavior. The inhibition of
NLRP3 reduced the effects of P2RY12 in mice model of depression-like behaviors. The regulation
of NLRP3 controlled the effects of the P2RY12 in vitro model of depression-like behaviors.

Conclusion:
We conclude that P2RY12 increased neuroinflammation to accelerate depression-like
behaviors by NLPR3 inflammasome, providing novel information for the treatment of depressionlike
behaviors.
Triple Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with Coexisting
Bipolar and Alcohol Use Disorders: Clinical Aspects and Pharmacological
Treatments
Authors: Weiss Francesco , Tidona Simone , Carli Marco , Perugi Giulio , Scarselli Marco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Alcohol Use
Disorder (AUD) are common medical conditions often coexisting and exerting mutual influence on
disease course and pharmacological treatment response. Each disorder, when considered separately,
relies on different therapeutic approaches, making it crucial to detect the plausible association between
them. Treating solely the emerging condition (e.g., alcoholism) and disregarding the patient’s whole
psychopathological ground often leads to treatment failure and relapse. Clinical experience and scientific
evidence rather show that tailoring treatments for these three conditions considering their
co-occurrence as a sole complex disorder yields more fulfilling and durable clinical outcomes. In light
of the above considerations, the purpose of the present review is to critically discuss the pharmacological
strategies in the personalized treatment of complex conditions defined by ADHD-bipolarityalcoholism
coexistence.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transient Elastography and Two-Dimensional
Shear Wave Elastography for Staging Liver Fibrosis in Children or
Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gong Xiuru , Zhu Tingting , Peng Xiaolin , Xing Dongwei , Zhang Minguang 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Few studies comprehensively compared the performance of transient elastography
(TE) and two-dimensional shear wave elastography(2D-SWE) to diagnose the stage of liver
fibrosis in children and adolescents. We assessed the diagnostic performance of these non-invasive
imaging techniques from published studies.

Methods:
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of TE and 2D-SWE, we searched the PubMed, Embase,
Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases until November 13, 2021, for studies that diagnosed
liver fibrosis in children and adolescents. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative
likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratios, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were
estimated using the bivariate model. We also performed a subgroup analysis of various research characteristics.

Results:
Twenty-seven studies with 1956 patients were included in the analysis. The sensitivity and
specificity of TE and 2D-SWE for detecting liver fibrosis in all stages were greater than 0.82. For the
detection of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, the summary AUC was 0.90 (95% CI:
0.87-0.92), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93-0.96) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93-0.97) for TE, and the summary AUC was
0.92 (95% CI: 0.89-0.94), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.96) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97) for 2D-SWE, respectively.
Both imaging methods detected significant heterogeneity.

Conclusions:
TE and 2D-SWE can provide accurate non-invasive staging of liver fibrosis in children or
adolescents and are a promising technology, particularly for advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, with
a high potential to replace liver biopsy.
An Easy and Straight Forward Approach Towards the Synthesis of
N-Benzyl-5(S)-Substituted Pyrrolidin-2-ones from N-Benzyl-5(S)-pyroglutaminol
through Mitsunobu Reaction
Authors: Panday Sharad Kumar , Kumar Munish 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Pyroglutamic acid is one of the cheapest chiral synthon for the synthesis of a variety of
bioactive molecules ranging from synthetic to natural origin. Derived from glutamic acid by internal cyclization
pyroglutamic acid can serve easily as a precursor for prolines or pyroglutaminols by the selective reduction of
lactam carbonyl or carboxylic group, respectively. Pyroglutamic acid has two differential carbonyls and a lactam
NH group. All these can differentially be modified to get a variety of compounds. These applications coupled
with the easy availability of pyroglutamic acid have made it a choice of interest for various research
groups in recent years to get a range of bioactive compounds both of natural as well as synthetic origins. In our
ongoing research programme, we were interested to develop an easy route for the synthesis of 5-substituted
pyrrolidin-2-ones exploiting the chemistry of pyroglutamates, whose synthetic potential is well established.

Objective:
To develop a simple and efficient methodology for the synthesis of 5-sustituted- pyrrolidin-2-ones as
bioactive molecules/intermediate to bioactive molecules.

Methods:
N-Benzyl-5(S)-pyroglutaminol 1, (0.96 g, 5.0 mmol) was taken in THF (15 mL) and diethylazodicarboxylate
(DEAD) (1.21 g, 1.4 eq) and triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) (1.72 g, 1.4 eq), were added to it and
the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min. After 30 min a solution of the substituted pyrazole/imidazole
derivative (1.2 eq) in THF (10 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred again at RT for 7 hr. The
progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). At the completion of the reaction,
the solvents were evaporated under a vacuum to give a liquid which was poured into water (15 mL) and extracted
twice with ethyl acetate (2 x 20 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine solution (15
mL), dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel using 20%
EtOAc-hexane as eluent to give pure compounds 2 a-d, 3 and 4, respectively in satisfactory yields.

Results:
Herein, we wish to describe the synthesis of new 5(S)-substituted pyrrolidin-2- one derivatives through
Mitsunobu reaction of N-benzyl-5(S)- pyroglutaminol with substituted pyrazole and imidazole derivatives.

Conclusion:
An easy and straightforward approach towards the synthesis of enantiomerically pure N-benzyl-
(S)-5-substituted pyrrolidin-2-ones from N-benzyl-5(S)- pyroglutaminol through Mitsunobu reaction has been
developed. These N-benzyl-(S)-5-substituted pyrrolidin-2-ones could be useful for the synthesis of bioactive
natural products requiring pyrazole/imidazole moiety attached at C-5 position of native pyrrolidin-2- one moiety.
The Effect of Pantoprazole on Tumor Growth and Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells
Authors: Akrami Hassan , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Mehdizadeh Kiumars , Moradi Behrouz , Farahani Diba Borzabadi 
Published: August 2022

Background:Gastric cancer is a daunting global problem with unsatisfactory treatment. Due to the key role of Gastric Cancer Stem-like Cells (GCSCs) in all stages of gastric cancer and the failure of contemporary anticancer therapies, many research efforts are focusing on these treatmentresistant cells. Pantoprazole, as recently considered antitumor agent with well-documented effects on tumorigenesis inhibition, has seldom been investigated in GCSCs in previous studies. We aimed to study the influence of pantoprazole on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the transcription of genes involved in the cell proliferation and apoptosis pathways.Materials and Methods:Herein, we isolated GCSCs from MKN-45 cell line, on a non-adherent surface and then evaluated the effect of pantoprazole on cell growth and apoptosis of GCSCs by means of MTT, DNA laddering and quantitative real-time RT-PCR techniques.Results:Our findings showed that treated cells with pantoprazole decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) and antiapoptotic Bcl2 genes were downregulated and Bax and CASP3 proapoptotic genes, as well as tumor suppressor p53 gene, were overexpressed.Conclusion:Our results revealed that pantoprazole induced apoptosis and declined tumor growth and support the idea that pantoprazole played as a promising breakthrough in gastric cancer therapy.