bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why does overgrazing promote nitrifiers and denitrifiers abundance and the resultant soil N2O emissions?
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhou Shurong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOvergrazing by livestock is a global environmental problem, influencing global warming via soil N2O emissions. However, it remains unknown why overgrazing leads to increased N2O emissions. Here, we used a paired design of subalpine meadows in undisturbed and overgrazed sites at four different elevations (from 3000 to 3600 m) located over an area of ~200 km2 in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP), China, to evaluate relationships among plant diversity, soil ammonium and nitrate N, the abundance of soil nitrifiers (AOA and AOB) and denitrifiers (nirK, nirS and the N2O reductase gene [nosZ]) and soil N2O emissions. Using a generalized linear mixed effects modeling framework with Poisson error, we found that the influence of overgrazing on increased abundance of soil nitrifiers and denitrifiers and associated increased soil N2O emission was a general phenomenon in QTP. More importantly, by using forward selection analysis and structural equation models, we showed overgrazing decreased plant richness, and this resulted in decreased ammonium N, but increased nitrate N at all elevations. Accordingly, decreased ammonium N, but increased nitrate N led to increased abundance of soil nitrifiers (AOA and AOB) and denitrifiers (nirK and nirS), but decreased nosZ abundance, which finally gave rise to increased soil N2O emission at all the elevations. Our results highlight the key role of plant diversity in regulating soil N2O emissions from soils. Thus, performing active ecological restoration to recover native plant species in overgrazed sites may help mitigate the influence of overgrazing on global warming.
Response of four market classes of dry bean to acifluorfen, bentazon, and bentazon/acifluorfen applied postemergence
Authors: Soltani Nader , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree distinct studies consisting of a total of 11 field trials were carried out from 2016 to 2019 in Ontario to assess the tolerance of four market classes of dry bean to acifluorfen, bentazon, and bentazon/acifluorfen applied postemergence (POST) at various rates. In Study 1, acifluorfen (265 and 530 g ai ha−1) and bentazon (577 and 1144 g ai ha−1) caused up to 13% and 8% visible injury, respectively, but did not affect the relative stand, height, seed moisture, or yield of dry bean. Bentazon/acifluorfen (842 and 1684 g ai ha−1) caused up to 32% visible injury in dry bean but did not affect the relative stand, height, moisture, or seed yield except at the 2× rate which reduced dry bean biomass, height, and yield 43%, 11%, and 11%, respectively. The preformulated mixture of bentazon/acifluorfen caused a synergistic increase in dry bean injury. In Study 2, acifluorfen (600 and 1200 g ai ha−1) and bentazon (1080 and 2160 g ai ha−1) injured dry bean up to 12% and to 9%, respectively, but did not affect the relative stand, height, moisture, or yield. Bentazon/acifluorfen (840 and 1680 g ai ha−1) injured dry bean up to 16% but did not affect the relative stand, height, moisture, or yield of dry bean except at the high rate which reduced biomass, height, and yield 17%, 9%, and 5%, respectively. In Study 3, acifluorfen (420 and 480 g ai ha−1) and bentazon (1080 and 2160 g ai ha−1) injured dry bean up to 24 and 16%, respectively, but did not affect the relative stand, height, seed moisture content, or yield except for the relative biomass which was reduced up to 17%. Bentazon/acifluorfen (840 and 1680 g ai ha−1) injured dry bean up to 45% but did not affect the relative stand, height, seed moisture, or yield except for biomass, height, and seed yield which were decreased 44%, 11%, and 12% at the high rate. This study concludes that acifluorfen alone or preformulated with bentazon applied POST at rates assessed cannot be safely used dry bean.
A New Diazabenzo[k]fluoranthene‐Based D‐A Conjugated Polymer Donor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Shaoheng , Wang Wen , Liu Hongtao , Yu Xinyu , Qin Fei , Luo Hao , Zhou Yinhua , Li Zhong'an 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of wide‐bandgap polymer donors having complementary absorption and compatible energy levels with near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing nonfullerene acceptors is highly important for realizing high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a new thiophene‐fused diazabenzo[k]fluoranthene derivative is successfully synthesized as the electron‐deficient unit to construct an efficient donor–acceptor (D‐A) type alternating copolymer donor, namely, PABF‐Cl, using the chlorinated benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene as the copolymerization unit. PABF‐Cl exhibits a wide optical bandgap of 1.93 eV, a deep highest occupied molecular level of −5.36 eV, and efficient hole transport. As a result, OSCs with the best power conversion efficiency of 11.8% are successfully obtained by using PABF‐Cl as the donor to blend with a NIR absorbing BTP‐eC9 acceptor. This work provides a new design of electron‐deficient unit for constructing high‐performance D‐A type polymer donors.
Exploring the characteristics of a vehicle‐based temperature dataset for kilometre‐scale data assimilation
Authors: Bell Zackary , Dance Sarah L. , Waller Joanne A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrowdsourced vehicle‐based observations have the potential to improve forecast skill in convection‐permitting numerical weather prediction (NWP). The aim of this paper is to explore the characteristics of vehicle‐based observations of air temperature in the context of data assimilation. We describe a novel low‐precision vehicle‐based observation dataset obtained from a Met Office proof‐of‐concept trial. In this trial, observations of air temperature were obtained from built‐in vehicle air‐temperature sensors, broadcast to an application on the participant's smartphone, and uploaded, with relevant metadata, to the Met Office servers. We discuss the instrument and representation uncertainties associated with vehicle‐based observations and present a new quality‐control procedure. It is shown that, for some observations, location metadata may be inaccurate due to unsuitable smartphone application settings. The characteristics of the data that passed quality control are examined through comparison with United Kingdom variable‐resolution model data, roadside weather information station observations, and Met Office integrated data archive system observations. Our results show that the uncertainty associated with vehicle‐based observation‐minus‐model comparisons is likely to be weather‐dependent and possibly vehicle‐dependent. Despite the low precision of the data, vehicle‐based observations of air temperature could be a useful source of spatially‐dense and temporally‐frequent observations for NWP.
Experimental and numerical study of size effects on the crushing strength of rockfill particles
Authors: Zhao Xiaolong , Zhu Jungao , Jia Yun , Colliat Jean‐Baptiste , Bian Hanbing , Zhang Qi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo better understand the microstructure parameters controlling grain crushing and how the microstructure evolution influences the crushing characteristics of rockfill particles, the emphasis of the present study focuses on the size effects on the crushing strength of rockfill particles, with special attention to internal flaws. Single‐particle crushing tests are performed on rockfill particles with four different size fractions. By combining these results with the experimental results from the literature, the suitability of the Weibull model to describe the size effects on the breakage strength of rock grains is discussed. To understand why larger grains possess lower strength, a bonded particle model (BPM) is established in YADE to simulate the particle crushing tests. Model parameters are calibrated against the obtained force–displacement curve. The failure and deformation behaviors of studied rockfill particles are satisfactorily reproduced by the numerical simulation. The size effects are then studied using the agglomerates with different flaw characteristics (e.g., sizes, numbers, volume ratios, distributions, and locations). Numerical results exhibit that for the studied rockfill particles, when the ratio of flaw size to agglomerate size is less than 0.186, the flaw volume ratio is the key factor for size effects, and the breakage strength of particles is slightly related to the flaw size. In contrast, the breakage strength of particles depends not only on the flaw volume ratio but also on the flaw distribution/location when the flaw size is large. Microscopic analysis and DEM modeling can improve the understanding of crushing and deformation behaviors of rockfill particles.
Dissemination control in dynamic data clustering for dense IIoT against false data injection attack
Authors: Pedroso Carlos , Santos Aldri 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) has made possible the development of increasingly driven services, like industrial Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) services, that often deal with massive amounts of data. Meantime, as IIoT networks grow, the threats are even greater, and false data injection (FDI) attacks stand out as being one of the most aggressive. The majority of current solutions to handle this attack do not take into account the data validation, especially on the data clustering service. Aiming to advance on the issue, this work introduces CONsensus Based Data FIlteriNg for IIoT (CONFINIT), an intrusion detection system for mitigating FDI attacks on the data dissemination service performing in dense IIoT networks. CONFINIT combines watchdog surveillance and collaborative consensus strategies for assertively excluding various FDI attacks. The simulations showed that CONFINIT compared with Dynamic Data‐aware Firefly‐based Clustering (DDFC) increased by up to 35%–40% the number of clusters without attackers in a gas pressure IIoT environment. CONFINIT achieved attack detection rates (DRs) of 99%, accuracy of 90, and F1 score of 0.81 in multiple IIoT scenarios, with only up to 3.2% and 3.6% of false negatives and positives rates, respectively. Moreover, under two variants of FDI attacks, called Churn and Sensitive attacks, CONFINIT achieved DRs of 100%, accuracy of 99, and F1 of 0.93 with less than 2% of false positives and negatives rates.
Balanced cable routing for offshore wind farms with obstacles
Authors: Cazzaro Davide , Pisinger David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe cable routing problem is the task of designing the minimum‐cost electrical network between the turbines of offshore wind farms while satisfying several constraints. It contributes to decreasing wind energy costs, favoring the green transition. This paper focuses on balanced cable routing, studying both branched and radial network topology. First, we propose a visibility graph to route cables around obstacles and boundaries present in the wind farm area. Next, we develop a novel Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) heuristic using neighborhoods of increasing complexity: swap, exchanging two turbines between root‐branches; double swap, exchanging two pairs of turbines; cycle swap, moving turbines between root‐branches; and re‐partition, re‐partitioning and re‐routing two adjacent root‐branches. We also extend the LNS heuristic to the unbalanced branched configuration to compare to existing literature. On average, it finds solutions of the same quality using two orders of magnitude less run‐time, improving the solutions in five cases.
Development of a bioactive microencapsulation platform incorporating decellularized extracellular matrix to entrap human induced pluripotent stem cells for versatile biomedical applications
Authors: Krishtul Stasia , Davidov Tzila , Efraim Yael , Skitel‐Moshe Michal , Baruch Limor , Machluf Marcelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great promise in the fields of regenerative therapy and personalized in vitro tissue models as they provide an almost endless autologous source of virtually any cell type. Their potential benefits can be highly enhanced through polymeric cell microencapsulation, which offers the cells structural support and immune protection from the host tissue. However, in contrast to biologically‐inert polymers, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)‐based microencapsulation also provides the cells a physiologically mimetic bioactive microenvironment while providing reproducibility and scalability. Here we describe the entrapment of hiPSCs in a porcine pancreatic ECM (pECM)‐based microencapsulation platform and address its key aspects. To promote high levels of cell survival and growth, several encapsulation parameters were optimized, including cell dissociation level, the process layout, and Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor addition. This has allowed extensive proliferation of the cells for at least 21 days in vitro. Furthermore, the encapsulation of embryoid bodies (EBs) was assessed to address the entrapment of hiPSCs at various stages of differentiation, and the culture conditions that promote lasting encapsulated EB survival were investigated. Finally, to study the in vivo safety of dECM‐encapsulated hiPSC‐derived products, completely undifferentiated pECM‐encapsulated hiPSCs were implanted in mice. The cells displayed a slower proliferation rate in vivo and showed no signs of cell escape from the microcapsules. Altogether, the results of this study point to the potential of dECM‐based microencapsulation to provide an efficient polymeric platform for transplantation of hiPSC‐derived products and the development of iPSC‐based 3D tissue models.
Fractional description for the rate‐dependent viscoelastic response of tough hydrogels
Authors: Gao Yunfei , Yin Deshun , Zhao Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal‐coordination mediated tough hydrogels have been considered as a promising materials for novel utilization in programmable actuation structures. However, the rate‐dependent mechanical behavior attributed to their intrinsic mechanical properties of mixed elasticity and viscosity, imposing a challenge for the realization of controllable deformations. In this work, the effect of stretch rate was incorporated into a variable fractional order model in order to describe and predict the rate‐dependent mechanical response of physically tough hydrogels. Firstly, we provide an iteration algorithm for model estimation and conduct simulations of the stress response under monotonic stretch to verify the applicability of proposed model. The performance of proposed model is compared with the existing model to validate its accuracy. Then, the present model is employed to describe the rate‐dependent stress response under cyclic loading. The change rule of related parameters with stretch rate is also unraveled by the present model, which is further utilized to test the model's predictive ability. Moreover, the physical meaning of variable order is qualitatively explored in conjunction with the evolution mechanism of dynamic bonds.
Recent advancements in interface engineering of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites and their durability studies at different service temperatures
Authors: Gangineni Pavan Kumar , Gupta K. B. N. V. S. Ganesh , Patnaik Satyaroop , Prusty Rajesh Kumar , Ray Bankim Chandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA point of major concern in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is the interface between the carbon fibers (CFs) and the polymer matrix, which acts as the weakest link. Researchers have tried to work around this drawback by modifying the fiber or the matrix via the addition of nanofillers or using chemical treatment methods. In this review, the progress made in the last decade for enhancing the mechanical performance of CFRP composites by applying the aforementioned methods has been covered. Another aspect of CFRP composites that has limited their adaptability is their susceptibility both at sub‐zero and at elevated temperatures. In the later part of this review, the co‐relation between different service temperatures and the various mechanical properties of CFRP composites and has been elaborated upon. A better understanding of temperature dependent mechanical response would empower us to tailor the properties of CFRP composites depending on the in‐service temperature conditions.
How Chinese children's filial piety beliefs affect their parents’ life satisfaction and loneliness
Authors: Zheng Xiaoqian , Li Haifeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFilial piety (or xiao) is a unique Chinese culture that affects older adults’ life satisfaction and loneliness. Guided by the dual filial piety model and socioemotional selectivity theory, this study explores how adult children's filial piety beliefs affect their parent's life satisfaction and loneliness. A total of 350 pairs of parent–child data were collected through a parent–child pair design. Results show that emotional support provided by adult children and emotional support perceived by parents (i.e., the transmission of emotional support) fully mediated the relationship between children's reciprocal filial piety belief and parents’ life satisfaction and loneliness, and partially mediated the relationship between children's authoritarian filial piety belief and parents’ life satisfaction and loneliness. However, instrumental support provided by adult children and instrumental support perceived by parents (i.e., the transmission of instrumental support) had no such mediating roles in the relationship between adult children's filial piety beliefs and parents’ life satisfaction and loneliness. This finding suggests that to improve parental well‐being, adult Chinese children should cultivate their filial piety and pay close attention to their parents’ emotional needs.
Long‐chain branching of polyethylene terephthalate: Rheological/thermal properties of polyethylene terephthalate/carbon nanotube nanocomposite
Authors: Dolatshah Saeed , Ahmadi Shervin , Ershad Langroodi Amir , Alavi Aida 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThermal degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites is a serious issue in the manufacturing process of this nanocomposite that can limit the applications of the nanocomposite. In this study, the effects of two kinds of chain extenders, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and pentaerythritol (PENTA), on the rheological behavior, thermal characteristics, and crystallinity of the PET were investigated. The results of shear rheology revealed improvement of the storage modulus and complex viscosity, which indicated the recoupling of broken chains, increasing the chain length, and the generation of long branches was the reason for chain extension. Also, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results clarified an increase in PET crystallization rate in the presence of CNT and chain extenders. Furthermore, SEM was performed to detect CNT dispersion in the nanocomposite, and four‐probe technique test was utilized to determine the influence of CNT on the electrical properties of PET.
Statistical optimization for preparing nanofibrous mats of polybutylene adipate co‐terephthalate/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) blends by solution blow spinning
Authors: Freire Leonardo Almeida , Lemos Ana Carolina Cortez , Miranda Kelvi Wilson Evaristo , da Silva Joaquim Paulo , de Oliveira Juliano Elvis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSolution blow spinning (SBS) is used to make poly(butylene‐adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) blend nanofibers and study the effect of process parameters on their formation. A 34–1 fractional factorial statistical model with three levels and four factors was applied. The factors included the concentration of PVP (wt%) in the PBAT polymer matrix, pressurized air pressure (psi), working distance (cm), and feed rate (ml h−1). The linear and quadratic effects were analyzed using a Pareto chart and verified in a well‐adjusted response surface model. The PVP concentration and working distance had a significant effect on the production of nanofibers. The nanofibrous mats were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and had a mean diameter ranging from 164 to 656 nm. A higher concentration of PVP and a shorter working distance resulted in lower mean fiber diameter. In addition, X‐ray diffraction revealed an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the nanofibrous PBAT due to a greater degree of packing among the polymer molecules. However, the addition of PVP to the polymer matrix is associated with a reduction in the degree of crystallinity of the nanofibrous mat.
Living and controlled reversible‐activation polymerization (RAP) on the way to reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP)
Authors: Moad Graeme 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2010, an IUPAC task group comprising Aubrey Jenkins, Dick Jones and Graeme Moad coined ‘reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP)’ as a new term to describe what up to that time had been known variously as living or controlled radical polymerization. This paper describes the steps and missteps in the terminological development of RDRP. The paper that introduced the term is currently one of the more highly cited IUPAC terminology papers. © 2022 Commonwealth of Australia. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Unique characteristics of patients who choose an intensive lifestyle medicine program to address chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Cheng Abby L. , Carbonell Katherine V. , Prather Heidi , Hong Barry A. , Downs Dana L. , Metzler John P. , Hunt Devyani M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionFactors that motivate musculoskeletal patients to pursue an intensive, lifestyle medicine–based approach to care are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo determine whether, compared to patients seeking musculoskeletal care through traditional pathways, patients who choose an intensive lifestyle medicine program for musculoskeletal pain endorse greater physical dysfunction, worse psychological health, and/or more biopsychosocial comorbidities.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of existing medical records from 2018 to 2021.SettingOrthopedic department of one academic medical center.PatientsFifty consecutive patients who enrolled in an intensive lifestyle medicine program to address a musculoskeletal condition. Comparison groups were the following: (1) 100 patients who presented for standard nonoperative musculoskeletal care, and (2) 100 patients who presented for operative evaluation by an orthopedic surgeon and qualified for joint arthroplasty.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcomes were age‐adjusted, between‐group differences in Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical and psychological health measures. Secondary outcomes were between‐group differences in sociodemographic and medical history characteristics.ResultsPatients who enrolled in the intensive lifestyle medicine program were more racially diverse (non‐White race: lifestyle cohort 34% vs. comparison cohorts 16%‐18%, p ≤ .029) and had a higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes than both comparison groups (mean body mass index: lifestyle cohort 37.6 kg/m2 vs. comparison cohorts 29.3‐32.0, p < .001; diabetes prevalence: lifestyle cohort 32% vs. comparison cohorts 12%‐16%, p ≤ .024). Compared to standard nonoperative patients, there were no clear between‐group differences in PROMIS physical or psychological health scores. Compared to standard operative evaluation patients, patients in the lifestyle program reported worse anxiety but less pain interference (PROMIS Anxiety: B = 3.8 points [95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 7.4], p = .041; Pain interference: B = −3.6 [−6.0 to −1.2], p = .004).ConclusionsCompared to musculoskeletal patients who sought care through traditional pathways, patients who chose an intensive lifestyle medicine pathway had a higher prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, but there was substantial overlap in patients' physical, psychological, and sociodemographic characteristics.