bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the contribution of diazotrophs to microbial Fe uptake using a group specific approach in the Western Tropical South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lory C , Van Wambeke F , Fourquez M , Barani A , Guieu C , Tilliette C , Marie D , Nunige S , Berman-Frank I , Bonnet S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Diazotrophs are often limited by iron (Fe) availability in the oligotrophic ocean. The Western Tropical South Pacific (WTSP) ocean has been suggested as an intense N2 fixation area due to Fe fertilizations through shallow hydrothermal activity. Yet, the Fe demand of diazotrophs in their natural habitat, where they cohabit with other microbial organisms also requiring Fe, remains unknown. Here we develop and apply a method consisting of coupling 55Fe uptake experiments with cell-sorting by flow cytometry, and provide group-specific rates of in situ Fe uptake by the microbial community in the WTSP, in addition to bulk and size fractionation rates. We reveal that the diazotrophs Crocosphaera watsonii and Trichodesmium contribute substantially to the bulk in situ Fe uptake (~33% on average over the studied area), despite being numerically less abundant compared to the rest of the planktonic community. Trichodesmium had the highest cell-specific Fe uptake rates, followed by C. watsonii, picoeukaryotes, Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and finally heterotrophic bacteria. Calculated Fe:C quotas were higher (by 2 to 52-fold) for both studied diazotrophs compared to those of the non-diazotrophic plankton, reflecting their high intrinsic Fe demand. This translates into a diazotroph biogeographical distribution that appears to be influenced by ambient dissolved Fe concentrations in the WTSP. Despite having low cell-specific uptake rates, Prochlorococcus and heterotrophic bacteria were largely the main contributors to the bulk Fe uptake (~23% and ~12%, respectively). Overall, this group-specific approach increases our ability to examine the ecophysiological role of functional groups, including those of less abundant and/or less active microbes.
Impact identification and assessment of cyber contingencies on measurement availability of power systems
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Wang Jingyu , Shi Dongyuan , Duan Xianzhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtensive adoption of Information and Communication Technologies makes power systems and communication systems more tightly coupled to form cyber‐physical power systems. It causes power systems to be growingly susceptible to cyber contingencies. Cyber contingencies may sabotage measurement availability, further disrupt the observability analysis in state estimation, and thus threaten the stable operation of power systems. This paper investigates the impact of cyber contingencies on measurement availability. A workflow is presented to achieve accurate and meticulous impact identification under intricate communication architectures with various cyber contingencies. And a set of indicators are proposed to quantitatively evaluate measurement availability. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in identifying and assessing the impact of cyber contingencies on measurement availability. Meanwhile, the proposed workflow and indicators can also be employed to dynamically evaluate the system's resilience in protecting measurement transmission against hypothetical cyber contingencies, which could benefit the offline planning and online operation of cyber‐physical power systems
Wetting characteristics of the hydrophobic material surface through condensation
Authors: Wu Xiaohan , Cao Bin , Wang Liming , Zhang Chuyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractComposite insulators are generally considered to have excellent anti‐pollution flashover performance, but recently there has been a flashover accident on the indoor clean insulator in China, which is suspected to be related to the wetting of insulators through condensation. Therefore, this paper studied the water condensation on hydrophobic surfaces. The changes in the mass, length, and proportion of the water droplets on the hydrophobic surface during the wetting process were measured, and the influence of wetting degree on the flashover characteristics was studied. It was found that the insulator surface temperature lower than the dew point is a prerequisite for the wetting of the clean hydrophobic surface, and the wetting velocity increases with the electric field. The results could provide some reference for understanding the insulator flashover accidents.
A tightly‐coupled compressed‐state constraint Kalman Filter for integrated visual‐inertial‐Global Navigation Satellite System navigation in GNSS‐Degraded environments
Authors: Lee Yu Dam , Kim La Woo , Lee Hyung Keun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEfficient multi‐sensor fusion is crucial to provide accurate pose estimates for navigating various next‐generation autonomous vehicles such as self‐driving cars, personal air vehicles, urban air mobilities, and electronic vertical take‐off and landing aircraft with respect to a unified global reference frame. The integration of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) provides globally uniform coordinate information, and the Visual‐Inertial Odometry (VIO) gives stable and accurate local pose estimates. However, the error of the integrated INS/GNSS increases rapidly in GNSS‐challenged environments, and the VIO system suffers from the long‐term error accumulation. To cope with these difficulties, this paper proposes a new tightly coupled Visual‐Inertial‐GNSS (VIG) system to achieve robust and drift‐free pose estimation utilising GNSS raw measurements, image features, and inertial measurements. A novel compressed state constraint Kalman Filter (CSCKF) is formulated to combine time‐propagated feature measurements and differential GNSS observations to aid INS. Compared to the conventional integrated navigation systems, the proposed CSCKF‐based VIG system is advantageous in maintaining the minimum number of states without unnecessary state augmentation and no loss of performance. The proposed system is evaluated by field experiments in different GNSS availability situations. The results show that accuracy is improved significantly in GNSS‐degraded environments compared to that of the conventional systems.
Bleeding Complications Associated with Pregnancy with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gonzalez-Porras Jose Ramon , Palomino Danylo , Vaquero-Roncero Luis Mario , Bastida Jose María 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) during pregnancy has received little attention from researchers. Reliable information about the outcome of mothers and newborns is required to properly counsel women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Our primary outcomes were the frequency and severity of maternal and neonatal bleeding events in the setting of ITP in pregnancy. Mode of delivery, neonatal thrombocytopenia, and maternal/infant mortality were secondary outcomes.
Material and Methods We comprehensively reviewed the prospective studies that enrolled ≥20 pregnant women with primary ITP. Two reviewers, blinded to each other, searched Medline and Embase up to February 2021. Meta-analyses of the maternal and newborn outcomes were performed. Weighted proportions were estimated by a random-effects model.
Results From an initial screening of 163 articles, 15 were included, encompassing 1,043 pregnancies. The weighted event rate for bleeding during pregnancy was 0.181 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.048–0.494). Most of these were nonsevere cases. The weighted event rates were 0.053 (95% CI, 0.020–0.134) for severe postpartum hemorrhage, 0.014 (95% CI, 0.008–0.025) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 0.122 (0.095–0.157) for severe thrombocytopenia events in neonates (platelet count <50,000/μL). There were no reliable predictors of severe neonatal thrombocytopenia. The incidence of neonatal mortality was 1.06%. There were no maternal deaths.
Conclusion Primary ITP in pregnant women is rarely associated with poor outcomes.
Simulating the IMA Recipient Site for DIEP Flap Surgery: A New Model for Dynamic Microsurgery Simulation with Real-Time Respiration and a Pilot Study
Authors: Ziolkowski Natalia I. , Sun Kimberly Z. , McMillan Catherine , Ryzynski Agnes , Snell Laura , Lipa Joan E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Breast reconstruction (BR) using autologous free flaps has been shown to have numerous psychosocial and quality-of-life benefits. Unfortunately, the microsurgical learning curve is quite steep due to some unique operative challenges. Currently, there is no realistic simulation model that captures real-life respiratory excursion and the depth of internal mammary vessels within the compact recipient site. The purpose of this study was to delineate intraoperative measurements of depth and motion, describe the resulting simulation model, and conduct a pilot study evaluating the simulator as an educational resource.
Methods This is a single-center, ethics-approved study. For the intraoperative measurements, all consecutive patients undergoing free flap BR using internal mammary vessels as recipients were recruited. Patient and intraoperative factors as well as intraoperative measurements were recorded. A dynamic model was developed based on intraoperative parameters. For the pilot study, plastic and reconstructive surgery trainees were recruited to complete a hand-sewn internal mammary artery (IMA) anastomosis using the new simulator and completed objective questionnaires pre- and postsimulation. Subjective feedback was recorded and themes determined.
Results Fifteen operative sites were analyzed. Flap pocket was found to be between 4 and 5 cm in depth with vertical excursion of 3.7 ± 1.0mm and a respiratory rate of 9 to 14 breaths/minute. Previous radiation, rib space, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, tidal volume, and respiratory rate showed no correlation to vessel depth/excursion. Laterality, rib space, BMI, radiation, vitals, and tidal volume had no correlation with vessel movement. Twenty-two trainees were included in the pilot. An increase in confidence and mixed results for anxiety was reported.
Conclusion This study reports a novel microsurgical simulation model that provides a realistic deep inferior epigastric perforator free flap BR IMA anastomosis experience. It replicates movement of vessels in situ with real-time respiratory excursion and similar physical structures of the internal mammary system. This model shows promising results for increased use in microsurgical education.
Efficacy of Shadow-Based Needle Positioning System in Performing CT Image-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy of Lung Lesions: Our Initial Experience
Authors: Keshava Shyamkumar N. , Moses Vinu , Padmanabhan Aswin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Context Computerized tomography (CT) is widely used for various interventions and there is a need for an effective navigation tool, for best outcomes.
Aim The study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of light- and shadow-based needle positioning assistance device, an innovative navigation tool over the conventional freehand technique, in performing CT image-guided percutaneous interventions.
Settings and Design This randomized control trial was performed among patients undergoing CT-guided percutaneous intervention for lung pathologies.
Methodology A total of 60 participants were randomized into an intervention group and a control group. The accuracy of needle insertion and other efficacy parameters were assessed for both groups. Post needle placement, CT images were used to evaluate the study endpoints.
Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 20 software.
Results The mean needle positioning accuracy was 2.1 mm in the experimental group compared with 7.2 mm in the control group freehand procedures. The average time to position the needle at the desired target location was 2.5 minutes in the assisted procedure as compared with 5.3 minutes in the freehand procedure (p < 0.05). The total number of check scans required to position the needle was 1.3 for assisted procedures and 1.9 for freehand procedures.
Conclusion The use of shadow-based assistance device for CT-guided interventions is proven to be efficient and safer with high needle positioning accuracy.
Vaccination and three non-pharmaceutical interventions determine the dynamics of COVID-19 in the US
Authors: Zhong Lu , Diagne Mamadou , Wang Qi , Gao Jianxi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rapid rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine raises the question of whether and when the ongoing pandemic could be eliminated with vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Despite advances in the impact of NPIs and the conceptual belief that NPIs and vaccination control COVID-19 infections, we lack evidence to employ control theory in real-world social human dynamics in the context of disease spreading. We bridge the gap by developing a new analytical framework that treats COVID-19 as a feedback control system with the NPIs and vaccination as the controllers and a computational model that maps human social behaviors into input signals. This approach enables us to effectively predict the epidemic spreading in 381 Metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the US by learning our model parameters utilizing the time series NPIs (i.e., the stay-at-home order, face-mask wearing, and testing) data. This model allows us to optimally identify three NPIs to predict infections accurately in 381 MSAs and avoid over-fitting. Our numerical results demonstrate our approach’s excellent predictive power with R2 > 0.9 for all the MSAs regardless of their sizes, locations, and demographic status. Our methodology allows us to estimate the needed vaccine coverage and NPIs for achieving Re to a manageable level and how the variants of concern diminish the likelihood for disease elimination at each location. Our analytical results provide insights into the debates surrounding the elimination of COVID-19. NPIs, if tailored to the MSAs, can drive the pandemic to an easily containable level and suppress future recurrences of epidemic cycles.
Postmitotic G1 phase survivin drives mitogen-independent cell division of B lymphocytes
Authors: Singh Amit , Spitzer Matthew H. , Joy Jaimy P. , Kaileh Mary , Qiu Xiang , Nolan Garry P. , Sen Ranjan 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The prevailing dogma is that renewed mitogenic signaling is essential to traverse G1 phase of the cell cycle after each division. B lymphocytes undergo multiple mitotic divisions, termed clonal expansion, to expand antigen-specific cells that mediate effective immunity. Here we demonstrate that B cells that have undergone one cell division continue to proliferate even in absence of further mitogenic signals. This mitogen-independent proliferation is accompanied by an altered G1 phase marked by transcriptomic and proteomic features of G2/M. Survivin, a G2/M-specific oncogene, is required in G1 to achieve mitogen-independent proliferation.
ATR activity controls stem cell quiescence via the cyclin F–SCF complex
Authors: Salvi Jayesh S. , Kang Jengmin , Kim Soochi , Colville Alex J. , de Morrée Antoine , Billeskov Tine Borum , Larsen Mikkel Christian , Kanugovi Abhijnya , van Velthoven Cindy T. J. , Cimprich Karlene A. , Rando Thomas A. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The replication stress response protein, ATR, is active in quiescent muscle stem cells in response to DNA:RNA hybrids, and this activity maintains quiescence by ensuring degradation of key cell-cycle transition factors by the E3 ubiquitin ligase cyclin F–SCF complex. This is critical for understanding how stem cells regulate a state of prolonged and reversible cell-cycle arrest and how genome integrity is maintained over time. Together, these studies offer a unique picture of a molecular mechanism controlling stem cell quiescence.
Cold-season freeze frequency is a pervasive driver of subcontinental forest growth
Authors: Girardin Martin P. , Guo Xiao Jing , Gervais David , Metsaranta Juha , Campbell Elizabeth M. , Arsenault André , Isaac-Renton Miriam , Hogg Edward H. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The reduction of freeze exposure with winter warming has consequences for carbon sequestration by northern forests. Quantifying the impact of these changes on tree growth is, however, challenging because of among- and within-tree species variability in freeze tolerance and phenological cues. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of tree growth response to the cold-season frequency of freeze days using an extensive tree-ring dataset covering Canada’s forests. Our study shows that tree growth responses to freeze exposure vary in direction and magnitude by clade and species but also with leaf-out strategy, tree age and size, and environmental factors. Such quantification can help predict terrestrial carbon dynamics under climate change.
Calcium channel blockers potentiate gemcitabine chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Principe Daniel R. , Aissa Alexandre F. , Kumar Sandeep , Pham Thao N. D. , Underwood Patrick W. , Nair Rakesh , Ke Rong , Rana Basabi , Trevino Jose G. , Munshi Hidayatullah G. , Benevolenskaya Elizaveta V. , Rana Ajay 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death, in part due to incomplete responses to standard-of-care chemotherapy. In this study, using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and high-throughput proteomics, we identified the calcium-responsive protein calmodulin as a key mediator of resistance to the first-line chemotherapy agent gemcitabine. Inhibition of calmodulin led to the loss of gemcitabine resistance in vitro, which was recapitulated using a calcium chelator or Food and Drug Administration–approved calcium channel blockers (CCBs), including amlodipine. In animal studies, amlodipine markedly enhanced therapeutic responses to gemcitabine chemotherapy, reducing the incidence of distant metastases and extending survival. Hence, incorporating CCBs may provide a safe and effective means of improving responses to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients.
High-performance seawater oxidation by a homogeneous multimetallic layered double hydroxide electrocatalyst
Authors: Yu Luo , Xiao Jiayong , Huang Chuqiang , Zhou Jianqing , Qiu Ming , Yu Ying , Ren Zhifeng , Chu Ching-Wu , Yu Jimmy C. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Seawater is one of the most abundant resources on Earth. Direct electrolysis of seawater is a transformative technology for sustainable hydrogen production without causing freshwater scarcity. However, this technology is severely impeded by a lack of robust and active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. Here, we report a highly efficient OER electrocatalyst composed of multimetallic layered double hydroxides, which affords superior catalytic performance and long-term durability for high-performance seawater electrolysis. To the best of our knowledge, this catalyst is among the most active for OER and it advances the development of seawater electrolysis technology.
Spin-dependent transport in a driven non-collinear antiferromagnetic fractal network
Authors: Mondal Kallol , Ganguly Sudin , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Non-collinear magnetic texture breaks the spin-sublattice symmetry which gives rise to a spin-splitting effect. Inspired by this, we study the spin-dependent transport properties in a non-collinear antiferromagnetic fractal structure, namely, the Sierpinski Gasket (SPG) triangle. We find that though the spin-up and spin-down currents are different, the degree of spin polarization is too weak. Finally, we come up with a proposal, where the degree of spin polarization can be enhanced significantly in the presence of a time-periodic driving field. Such a prescription of getting spin-filtering effect from an unpolarized source in a fractal network is completely new to the best of our knowledge. Starting from a higher generation of SPG to smaller ones, the precise dependencies of driving field parameters, spin-dependent scattering strength, interface sensitivity on spin polarization are critically investigated. The spatial distribution of spin-resolved bond current density is also explored. Interestingly, our proposed setup exhibits finite spin polarization for different spin-quantization axes. Arbitrarily polarized light is considered and its effect is incorporated through Floquet–Bloch ansatz. All the spin-resolved transport quantities are computed using Green’s function formalism following the Landauer–Büttiker prescription. In light of the experimental feasibility of such fractal structures and manipulation of magnetic textures, the present work brings forth new insights into spintronic properties of non-collinear antiferromagnetic SPG. This should also entice the AFM spintronic community to explore other fractal structures with the possibility of unconventional features.
On the use of polychromatic cameras for high spatial resolution spectral dose measurements
Authors: Cloutier E , Beaulieu L , Archambault L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Despite the demonstrated benefits of hyperspectral formalism for stem effect corrections in the context of fiber dose measurements, this approach has not been yet translated into volumetric measurements where cameras are typically used for their distinguishing spatial resolution. This work investigates demosaicing algorithms for polychromatic cameras based spectral imaging. Approach. The scintillation and Cherenkov signals produced in a radioluminescent phantom are imaged by a polychromatic camera and isolated using the spectral formalism. To do so, five demosaicing algorithms are investigated from calibration to measurements: a clustering method and four interpolation algorithms. The resulting accuracy of scintillation and Cherenkov images is evaluated with measurements of the differences (mean ± standard deviation) between the obtained and expected signals from profiles drawn across a scintillation spot. Signal-to-noise ratio and signal-to-background ratio are further measured and compared in the resulting scintillation images. Finally, the resulting differences on the scintillation signal from a 0.2 × 0.2 cm2 region-of-interest (ROI) were reported. Main results. Clustering, OpenCV, bilinear, Malvar and Menon demosaicing algorithms respectively yielded differences of 3 ± 5%, 1 ± 3%, 1 ± 3%, 1 ± 2% and 2 ± 4% in the resulting scintillation images. For the Cherenkov images, all algorithms provided differences below 1%. All methods enabled measurements over the detectability (SBR > 2) and sensitivity (SNR > 5) thresholds with the bilinear algorithm providing the best SNR value. Clustering, OpenCV, bilinear, Malvar and Menon demosaicing algorithms respectively provided differences on the ROI analysis of 7 ± 5%, 3 ± 2%, 3 ± 2%, 4 ± 2%, 7 ± 3%. Significance. Radioluminescent signals can accurately be isolated using a single polychromatic camera. Moreover, demosaicing using a bilinear kernel provided the best results and enabled Cherenkov signal subtraction while preserving the full spatial resolution of the camera.