bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Grit, Self-Reflection and Insight, and Anxiety: A Multisite Study of Doctor of Physical Therapy Students
Authors: Costello Ellen , Huhn Karen , Healey William E. , Hilliard Marjorie Johnson , Plack Margaret M. , Maring Joyce 
Published: August 2022

Introduction.
Physical therapist education is rigorous and challenging and reports of mental health concerns in college-aged students continue to rise.

Review of Literature.
Although the association between student mental health and behavioral characteristics has garnered interest, few researchers have examined the relationship across educational programs and years of study. This study aimed to investigate grit, self-reflection, and anxiety in Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students.

Methods.
In this cross-sectional study, 535 DPT students (years 1, 2, 3) enrolled in 3 programs were invited to complete a demographic survey, Grit scale (Grit-S), State portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), and Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS). Data analysis summarized demographic variables and survey scores and explored differences and associations among schools, years of study, and demographic variables.

Results.
Two hundred fifty-four students (72.7% female; 76.8% Caucasian; 70.9% aged 20–25 years) participated; response rate of 47.5%. Mean survey scores for Grit-S (3.73; ± .52), SRIS composite (92.01; ± 12.54), and STAI-S (41.94; ± 11.66) showed no meaningful differences among schools. Grit scale scores were lowest in the second year and highest in year 3. Female participants scored higher than male participants on the SRIS engagement subscale. Higher Grit-S scores were associated with lower anxiety scores and higher composite SRIS scores. Higher SRIS composite scores were associated with less anxious students. Anxiety scores were inversely related to insight scores.

Discussion.
Doctor of Physical Therapy student grit scores were generally consistent with published means for health professional students. Self-Reflection and Insight Scale scores for DPT students were higher than nursing and medical students. Students exhibited higher state anxiety scores compared with the general population. Grit Scale changes over time may reflect curricular experiences and growing sense of competence. Relationships among grit, self-reflection, and anxiety may represent an important finding with potential to prompt proactive interventions or support. Further research is needed to understand the impact of demographic factors.
Early atherogenesis: new insights from new approaches
Authors: Scipione Corey A. , Cybulsky Myron I. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
To highlight recent conceptual and technological advances that have positioned the field to interrogate the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the initiation of atherosclerosis, including intimal lipid accumulation, inflammation, and lesion growth.

Recent findings
Advances in the understanding of endothelial LDL transcytosis and rapid lipid uptake by intimal macrophages provide mechanistic insights into intimal LDL accumulation and the initiation of atherogenesis. Recent studies have used unbiased single-cell approaches, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and CyTOF, to characterize the cellular components of the normal intima and atherosclerotic lesions. In-vitro studies and high-resolution transcriptomic analysis of aortic intimal lipid-loaded versus lipid-poor myeloid populations in vivo suggest that lipid-loaded macrophages may not be the primary drivers of inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions.

Summary
A new perspective on the complex cellular landscape of the aorta, specifically the atherosclerosis-prone regions, confirm that intimal accumulation of lipid, monocyte recruitment, and macrophage accumulation are key events in atherogenesis triggered by hypercholesterolemia. Targeting these early events may prove to be a promising strategy for the attenuation of lesion development; however, the specific details of how hypercholesterolemia acts to initiate early inflammatory events remain to be fully elucidated.
A 2-Phase Survey to Assess a Facility's Readiness for Pediatric Essential Emergency and Critical Care in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Fung Jollee S.T. , Hwang Bella , Dunsmuir Dustin , Suiyven Elvis , Nwankwor Odiraa , Tagoola Abner , Trawin Jessica , Ansermino J. Mark , Kissoon Niranjan 
Published: August 2022

Objective
Infectious diseases, including pneumonia, malaria, and diarrheal diseases, are the leading causes of death in children younger than 5 years worldwide. The vast majority of these deaths occur in resource-limited settings where there is significant variation in the availability and type of human, physical, and infrastructural resources. The ability to identity gaps in healthcare systems that may hinder their ability to deliver care is an important step to determining specific interventions for quality improvement. Our study objective was to develop a comprehensive, digital, open-access health facility survey to assess facility readiness to provide pediatric critical care in resource-limited settings (eg, low- and lower middle–income countries).

Methods
A literature review of existing facility assessment tools and global guidelines was conducted to generate a database of survey questions. These were then mapped to one of the following 8 domains: hospital statistics, services offered, operational flow, facility infrastructure, staff and training, medicines and equipment, diagnostic capacity, and quality of clinical care. A 2-phase survey was developed and an iterative review process of the survey was undertaken with 12 experts based in low- and middle-income countries. This was built into the REDCap Mobile Application for electronic data capture.

Results
The literature review process yielded 7 facility assessment tools and 7 global guidelines for inclusion. After the iterative review process, the final survey consisted of 11 sections with 457 unique questions in the first phase, “environmental scan,” focusing on the infrastructure, availability, and functionality of resources, and 3 sections with 131 unique questions in the second phase, “observation scan,” focusing on the level of clinical competency.

Conclusions
A comprehensive 2-phase survey was created to evaluate facility readiness for pediatric critical care. Results will assist hospital administrators and policymakers to determine priority areas for quality improvement, enabling them to implement a Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle to improve care for the critically ill child.
Lipid Emulsion Treatment for Drug Toxicity Caused by Nonlocal Anesthetic Drugs in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lee Soo Hee , Kim Sunmin , Sohn Ju-Tae 
Published: August 2022

Objective
Lipid emulsion (LE) has been used to treat children with cardiovascular collapse induced by toxic doses of nonlocal anesthetics with high lipid solubility. We aimed to analyze case reports on LE administration for resuscitation of toxicity induced by these drugs in pediatric patients.

Methods
Case reports involving pediatric patients undergoing LE treatment for toxicity caused by nonlocal anesthetic drugs until December 31, 2021, were searched through PubMed and Scopus using the following terms: “toxicity, or intoxication, or poisoning, or overdose” and “LE or intralipid.”

Results
Twenty-eight cases on LE treatment for toxicity induced by nonlocal anesthetic drugs in pediatric patients (younger than 19 years) were retrieved. The total number of patients was 31. Lipid emulsion treatment was carried out during toxicity caused by amitriptyline, flecainide, bupropion, propranolol, and lamotrigine, which was unresponsive to supportive treatment. These drugs are highly lipid-soluble and inhibit cardiac sodium channels, which is similar to pharmacological properties of the local anesthetic bupivacaine. The most frequent method of delivery involved bolus administration followed by continuous infusion; 1.5 mL/kg LE administration followed by 0.25 mL/kg/min LE was most frequently used. Lipid emulsion improved various symptoms of drug toxicity in 29 patients (29/31, 93.54%), and symptoms were improved in 14 patients (14/31, 45.16%) within an h after LE administration. The trend in frequency of improved symptoms after LE treatment was as follows: the cardiovascular symptom alone > symptoms of the central nervous system alone > symptoms of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. The adverse effects of LE treatment in the reported cases were hypertriglyceridemia, mild pancreatitis, and elevated levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransaminases.

Conclusions
Lipid emulsion treatment may be effective in ameliorating intractable cardiovascular depression when systemic toxicity caused by drugs, including cardiac sodium channel blockers, is unresponsive to supportive treatments.
Relationships Between Serum Cortisol, RAGE-Associated s100A8/A9 Levels, and Self-Reported Cancer-Related Distress in Women With Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Taub Chloe J. , Diaz Alain , Blomberg Bonnie B. , Jutagir Devika R. , Fisher Hannah M. , Gudenkauf Lisa M. , Lippman Marc E. , Hudson Barry I. , Antoni Michael H. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Elevated inflammation and psychological distress in patients with breast cancer (BCa) have been related to poorer health outcomes. Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and signaling of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are important in the inflammatory response and have been associated with increased stress and poorer health outcomes in patients with cancer. This study examined relationships among circulating cortisol, a measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and physiological stress; s100A8/A9, a RAGE ligand and emerging cancer-related biological measure; and self-reported cancer-related distress.

Methods
Patients with BCa (N = 183, stages 0–IIIb) were recruited 2 to 10 weeks after surgery but before receiving adjuvant therapies. Participants provided blood samples, from which serum cortisol and s100A8/A9 levels were determined, and completed a psychosocial questionnaire. Regression analyses, adjusting for age, cancer stage, time since surgery, race, and menopausal status, were conducted examining the relationships between cortisol, s100A8/A9, and cancer-related distress (Impact of Event Scale [IES]—Revised).

Results
Cortisol and s100A8/A9 levels were positively related (β = 0.218, t(112) = 2.332, p = .021), although the overall model was not significant. Cortisol levels were also positively associated with IES-Intrusions (β = 0.192, t(163) = 2.659, p = .009) and IES-Hyperarousal subscale scores (β = 0.171, t(163) = 2.304, p = .022).

Conclusions
Patients with higher cortisol levels also reported higher s100A8/A9 levels and more cancer-related distress. The relationship between cortisol and s100A8/A9 supports a link between the stress response and proinflammatory physiological processes known to predict a greater metastatic risk in BCa. Stress processes implicated in cancer biology are complex, and replication and extension of these initial findings are important.
Psychosocial Stress and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Stress Reactivity: Variations by Race and Socioeconomic Status Among Adults at Risk of Diabetes
Authors: Kalesnikava Viktoryia A. , Clarke Philippa J. , Mukherjee Bhramar , Sen Srijan , Mezuk Briana 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Although stress is posited to play a key role in health disparities, the extent to which commonly used self-report psychosocial stress measures are related to neurobiological stress processes, especially across diverse populations, is unresolved. This study examined how two measures of psychosocial stress, perceived stress and domain-specific stress, covary with the acute neurobiological stress response.

Methods
The Richmond Stress and Sugar Study includes a racially and socioeconomically diverse cohort of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes (n = 125; mean age = 57 years, 48% Black, and 61% high neighborhood socioeconomic status [SES]). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity was assessed by salivary cortisol response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a laboratory stressor.

Results
Higher perceived stress was associated with a lower cortisol response to the TSST (−7.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −13.1% to −1.5%) but was not associated with cortisol recovery after the TSST (3%; 95% CI = −0.6% to 6.8%). In contrast, domain-specific stress was not associated with cortisol response (−2.1%; 95% CI = −20.7% to 20.9%) but was inversely associated with cortisol recovery (3.7%; 95% CI = 0.6% to 7.0%). SES modified these associations: both perceived stress and domain-specific stress were associated with TSST cortisol response only among participants from high-SES neighborhoods. There was minimal evidence of effect modification by race.

Conclusions
Both self-report measures of psychosocial stress were associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to an acute stressor. These associations varied by perceived versus domain-specific measurement scales and by neighborhood SES. Further efforts to refine stress measures and clarify biological linkages between social status and health are needed.
Two years of COVID-19: Excess mortality by age, region, gender, and race/ethnicity in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, March 1, 2020, through February 28, 2022
Authors: Faust Jeremy Samuel , Du Chengan , Renton Benjamin , Liang Chenxue , Chen Alexander Junxiang , Li Shu-Xia , Lin Zhenqiu , Nunez-Smith Marcella , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionExcess mortality does not depend on labeling the cause of death and is an accurate representation of the pandemic population-level effects. A comprehensive evaluation of all-cause excess mortality in the United States during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, stratified by age, sex, region, and race/ethnicity can provide insight into the extent and variation in harm.MethodsWith Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) data from 2014-2022, we use seasonal autoregressive integrated moving averages (sARIMA) to estimate excess mortality during the pandemic, defined as the difference between the number of observed and expected deaths. We continuously correct monthly expected deaths to reflect the decreased population owing to cumulative pandemic-associated excess deaths recorded. We calculate excess mortality for the total US population, and by age, sex, US census division, and race/ethnicity.ResultsFrom March 1, 2020, through February 28, 2022, there were 1.17 million excess deaths in the United States. Overall, mortality was 20% higher than expected during the study period. Of the excess deaths, 799,477 (68%) were among residents aged 65 and older. The largest relative increase in all-cause mortality was 27% among adults ages 18-49 years. Males comprised most of the excess mortality (57%), but this predominance declined with age. A higher relative mortality occurred among non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, Hispanic people. Excess mortality differed by region; the highest rates were in the South, including in the population ages ≥65 years. Excess mortality rose and fell contemporaneously with COVID-19 waves.ConclusionIn the first two years of the pandemic, the US experienced 1.17 million excess deaths, with greater relative increases in all-cause mortality among men, in American Indian/Alaskan Native, Black and Hispanic people, and the South.
Assessment of pathogens in flood waters in coastal rural regions: Case study after Hurricane Michael and Florence
Authors: Usmani Moiz , Uprety Sital , Sano Daisuke , Shisler Joanna , Unnikrishnan Avinash , Nguyen Thanh H. , Jutla Antarpreet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe severity of hurricanes, and thus the associated impacts, is changing over time. One of the understudied threats from damage caused by hurricanes is the potential of cross-contamination of water bodies with pathogens in coastal agricultural regions. Using microbiological data collected after hurricanes Florence and Michael, this study shows a dichotomy in the presence of pathogens in coastal North Carolina and Florida. Salmonella Typhimurium was abundant in water samples collected in the regions dominated by the swine farms. A drastic decrease in Enterococcus spp. in Carolinas is indicative of pathogen removal with flooding waters. Except for the abundance presence of Salmonella, no significant changes in pathogens were observed after Hurricane Michael in the Florida panhandle. We argue that a comprehensive assessment of pathogens must be included in decision-making activities in the immediate aftermath of hurricanes to build resilience against risks of pathogenic exposure in rural agricultural and human populations in vulnerable locations.
Sirt3 enhanced Bufalin sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells through P53- dependent pathway of apoptosis
Authors: Li Lu , Liu Cui , Zhang Xinqing , Meng Xiao , Geng Yaxiao , Shi Zhigang , Zhang Yongzhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSirt3, one of class III histone deacetylase, is mainly localized in mitochondria and plays a significant role in the control of the metabolic activity, senescence and death [1]. Recently, Sirt3 emerged as a novel member of anticancer. However, the role of Sirt3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has never been explained exactly. In this study, we found that sirt3 is down-regulated after Bufalin treatment. We also found that AC-P53 is up-regulated which induces Bax translocation to mitochondrion and open the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPTP) pores result in the release of cytochrome C lead to the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Collectively, our data suggests that Sirt3 may play an important role in CRC development and progression and may be a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
Chromosome-level genome of the three-spot damselfish, Dascyllus trimaculatus
Authors: Roberts May B. , Schultz Darrin T. , Gatins Remy , Escalona Merly , Bernardi Giacomo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDamselfishes (Family: Pomacentridae) are a group of ecologically important, primarily coral reef fishes that include over 400 species. Damselfishes have been used as model organisms to study recruitment (anemonefishes), the effects of ocean acidification (spiny damselfish), population structure and speciation (Dascyllus). The genus Dascyllus includes a group of small bodied species, and a complex of relatively larger bodied species, the Dascyllus trimaculatus species complex that comprises several species including D. trimaculatus itself. The three-spot damselfish, D. trimaculatus is a widespread and common coral reef fish species found across the tropical Indo-Pacific. Here we present the first genome assembly of this species. This assembly contains 910 Mb, 90% of the bases are in 24 chromosome-scale scaffolds, and the BUSCO score of the assembly is 97.9%. Our findings confirm previous reports of a karyotype of 2n = 47 in D. trimaculatus in which one parent contributes 24 chromosomes and the other 23. We find evidence that this karyotype is the result of a heterozygous Robertsonian fusion. We also find that the D. trimaculatus chromosomes are each homologous with single chromosomes of the closely related clownfish species, Amphiprion percula. This assembly will be a valuable resource in the population genomics and conservation of Damselfishes, and continued studies of the karyotypic diversity in this clade.
Noninvasive Proteomic Markers for Respiratory Tract Infections in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Mirski Marek A. , Chen Shuo , Devin Alese P. , Haddaway Caroline R. , Caton Emily R. , Bryden Wayne A. , McLoughlin Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionEarly and accurate diagnosis of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in critical care settings is essential for appropriate antibiotic treatment and lowering mortality. The current diagnostic methods face critical challenges, including the lack of noninvasive specimens from the site of infection and molecular biomarkers that can predict disease progression and treatment effect. In this study, we addressed these critical challenges by developing a noninvasive method based on the characterization of truncated proteoforms contained in exhaled air collected from mechanically ventilated patients.MethodsExhaled air samples were collected from twenty-five intubated patients with RTI and twenty-two intubated patients without RTI, determined by clinical data and microbiological testing. Truncated proteoforms were identified using top-down proteomics. Feature selection algorithms were used to identify significant truncated proteoforms associated with RTI. A score system combining the significant truncated proteoforms was constructed and evaluated using multiple logistic regression to predict RTI.ResultsThe results showed that six truncated proteoforms of lung structure and proteolytic proteins were statistically different between intubated patients with and without RTI. Specifically, the truncated proteoforms of collagen type VI alpha three chain protein, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and putative homeodomain transcription factor 2 were found to be independently associated with RTI. A score system named TrunScore was constructed by combining the three truncated proteoforms, and the diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved compared to individual truncated proteoforms.ConclusionsIn this study, we presented a noninvasive method to address the current challenges in diagnosing RTI in critical care settings, by characterizing truncated proteoforms contained in exhaled air from intubated patients. The method provides an accurate prediction for RTI in mechanically ventilated patients and can help diagnose other respiratory tract diseases.