bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of protease inhibitors, glycinin, and beta‐conglycinin in soybeans and their relationships
Authors: Yang Yu , Chang Sam K. C. , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to search for suitable soybean varieties for different applications, the protein contents of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), Bowman–Birk trypsin inhibitor (BBI), glycinin (11S), and β‐conglycinin (7S) of 93 soybean samples from different sources and harvest years were quantified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Meanwhile, the protease inhibitory activities against trypsin and chymotrypsin were determined. Results showed that the individual protein contents and trypsin inhibitor activities differed significantly (p < 0.05) among soybean samples. KTI contents ranged from 5.25 to 14.60 mg·g−1; BBI contents ranged from 1.81 to 5.74 mg·g−1; 11S varied from 13.65% to 48.55% and 7S varied from 15.68% to 42.15% of total soluble protein; trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activities were 8.93–20.95 mg TI·g−1 and 4.18 –12.79 mg CI·g−1, respectively. Excellent linear relationships existed between trypsin inhibitor contents and their activities. The regression equations offer a rapid method for estimating the activity of KTI or BBI in raw soybeans.Practical ApplicationThe regression equations established based on a large number of soybean varieties offered a rapid method to estimate the activity of trypsin inhibitors. The data presented here provided useful information for the food industry or breeders to select soybean varieties with different inhibitory activities or protein contents for different food processing applications.
Soluble organic nutrients induce ClaPhys expression to enhance phytase activity of watermelon roots
Authors: Li Shujun , Wang Bingshuang , Wang Yuan , Ma Xuewei , Su Lei , Wang Yang , Tang Liling , Xu Guohua , Ren Lixuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApplication of organic fertilisers is beneficial to the quality and yield of crops. Myo‐inositol phosphate is an abundant form of organic phosphorus (Po) in organic manure and soil, which could release phosphate (Pi) and likely be absorbed by plant after it was hydrolysed by phytase. However, whether plant roots respond to organic fertiliser to adapt myo‐inositol phosphates utilisation is not clear. Experiments were carried out to investigate the responses of phytase gene expression and enzyme activity, as well as root architecture to organic fertiliser application. The results showed that Cow‐dung‐based organic fertiliser contains 2.30 g/kg soluble P, including 0.08 g/kg myo‐inositol phosphates P. Organic acid addition promotes myo‐inositol phosphates solubility in organic fertiliser. Partial substitution of Pi with P from organic fertiliser upregulated the expression of ClaPhy1, ClaPhy2 and ClaPhy3 in roots, while it did not change ClaPHT1 family expression. Root phytase activity increased markedly at 25–30% organic fertiliser substitution rates. P concentration in watermelon leaves increased when 25% Pi was substituted with P from organic fertiliser. Organic fertiliser supply also promoted lateral root density and root hair length. In conclusion, organic fertiliser contains soluble myo‐inositol phosphates, more of which was dissolved by organic acids secreted from plant roots. Substitution of Pi with P from organic fertiliser upregulated ClaPhy genes expression and enhanced root phytase activity, as well as increased lateral root number and root hair density. Myo‐inositol phosphates hydrolysis and root morphology adaptation facilitate watermelon utilisation of myo‐inositol phosphates P in organic fertiliser. This study provides evidence to advance utilisation of myo‐inositol phosphates P from organic fertiliser by plant roots via up‐regulation of ClaPhy expression which increased phytase secretion, and optimised root morphology.
Life in an age of death: War and the river in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Hromadžić Azra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe majority of literature on wars understandably focuses on the horrific aspects of war, such as death, destruction, displacement, and trauma. In this article, however, I want to highlight that life in war is not only brutal and disastrous but also is in some respects deeply joyful and at times even fun. This requires that we portray the horrific experiences of death and destruction but that we also ask: What kind of life emerges in these injured landscapes? Guided by this question, I argue that we cannot understand what war looks like and feels like if we do not understand the relationship between humans and other than humans. More specifically, I show how during the Bosnian War, in the devastated city of ruins, Bihać, shared experiences of joy, fun, and togetherness (communitas) materialized between the town's people and the Una River. Swimming in the river together provided the people of Bihać with an opportunity to create moments of play and laughter between life and death. As people in Bihać explained, these were moment‐by‐moment living situations, where generations blended and where divisions, superiority, and pride were broken down, however temporarily, and new undifferentiated bonds among people were created—communitas.
Imaging diabetic retinal disease: clinical imaging requirements
Authors: Schreur Vivian , Larsen Morten B. , Sobrin Lucia , Bhavsar Abdhish R. , den Hollander Anneke I. , Klevering B. Jeroen , Hoyng Carel B. , de Jong Eiko K. , Grauslund Jakob , Peto Tunde 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight‐threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and it contributes substantially to the burden of disease globally. During the last decades, the development of multiple imaging modalities to evaluate DR, combined with emerging treatment possibilities, has led to the implementation of large‐scale screening programmes resulting in improved prevention of vision loss. However, not all patients are able to participate in such programmes and not all are at equal risk of DR development and progression. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the currently available imaging modalities for the evaluation of DR: colour fundus photography (CFP), ultrawide‐field photography (UWFP), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA) and functional testing. Furthermore, we suggest where a particular imaging technique of DR may aid the evaluation of the disease in different clinical settings. Combining information from various imaging modalities may enable the design of more personalized care including the initiation of treatment and understanding the progression of disease more adequately.
State of the evidence from clinical trials on human milk fortification for preterm infants*
Authors: Beggs Megan R. , Bando Nicole , Unger Sharon , O'Connor Deborah L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfants born preterm or low birth weight are at risk for morbidity, mortality and later neuroimpairment. Appropriate early post‐natal growth is associated with better outcomes in‐hospital and post‐discharge. Therefore, nutritional strategies that support growth may improve the long‐term health of this population. Mother's milk with donor milk as a supplement are preferred sources of nutrition for these infants but may not always support growth, especially amongst infants born of very low birth weight (<1500 g) and or those with a major morbidity. Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials to date demonstrate that multi‐nutrient fortification of human milk improves in‐hospital growth of preterm infants although data on long‐term neurodevelopment are lacking. Further, individualised approaches to fortification based on milk analysis or the infant's metabolic response may improve growth over standard fortification. The evidence is insufficient to inform the timing of introducing fortifier, routine fortification of feeds post‐discharge or routine use of fortifiers made from human instead of bovine milk. Importantly, there is insufficient data to determine if these fortification practices improve relevant clinical or neurodevelopmental outcomes. In sum, there is an urgent need for well‐designed clinical trials to assess potential benefits and risks of fortification practices and at what cost.
Letter: systematic review with meta‐analysis on the impact of functional cure on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen 
Published: February 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Vittal et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16659 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16784
Letter: association of laboratory indexes and magnetic resonance elastography‐associated liver stiffness with complications and mortality
Authors: Sun Li‐Yang , Jia Hang‐Dong , Liang Lei , Huang Dong‐Sheng , Yang Tian 
Published: February 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Higuchi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16745 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16792
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: loss of response and requirement of ustekinumab dose escalation in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Yang Hongsheng , Li Bingyang , Guo Qin , Tang Jian , Peng Bo , Ding Ni , Li Miao , Yang Qingfang , Huang Zicheng , Diao Na , Zhu Xia , Deng Jun , Guo Huili , Hu Pinjin , Chao Kang , Gao Xiang 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundUstekinumab is effective in treating Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the loss of response (LOR) to ustekinumab and the efficacy of dose escalation have not been systematically explored.MethodsDatabases were searched for eligible studies from inception through July 2021. Summary estimates were pooled, and subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity.ResultsWe included 14 studies (CD: 13; UC: 1). In CD patients, the annual risk of LOR to ustekinumab and dose escalation among primary responders was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12–31%, 1530 person‐years, n = 9) per person‐year and 25% (95% CI 12–32%, 657 person‐years, n = 5) per person‐year respectively. Clinical response was regained in 58% (95% CI 49–67%, 279 patients, n = 8) of secondary non‐responders after dose escalation (interval reduction or intravenous reinduction). In UC patients, no studies provided data on LOR, but only one study showed that 35% (100/284) of patients underwent dose escalation (or sham dose adjustment), leading to an annual risk of dose escalation of 18% per person‐year. After dose escalation, 58% (14/24) of the patients regained symptomatic remission.ConclusionsPrimary responders with CD experienced LOR to ustekinumab at a risk of 21% per person‐year and required dose escalation at a risk of 25% per person‐year. Fifty‐eight per cent of secondary non‐responders with CD may benefit from dose escalation. LOR has not been well characterized in patients with UC.
Cachexia is a risk factor for negative clinical and functional outcomes in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Roy Ishan , Smilnak Gordon , Burkart Madelyn , Hamilton Elizabeth , Thorp Katherine , Miyata Sarah , Ma Shuo , Pro Barbara , Winter Jane , Gordon Leo , Karmali Reem 
Published: February 2022

SummaryCachexia is a muscle‐wasting syndrome that is known to impact the clinical course of several cancer populations but has not been specifically investigated in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cachexia markers and several cancer and functional outcomes in a pilot population of aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving CAR‐T. We found that the prognostic nutritional index was linked to progression‐free survival, overall survival, and disability‐free survival, while several additional weight and serum‐based markers of cachexia were also associated with negative outcomes. These data prompt further investigation of cachexia markers in populations receiving CAR‐T cell therapy.
In vivo development and single‐cell transcriptome profiling of human brain organoids
Authors: Huang Shichao , Huang Fei , Zhang Huiying , Yang Yongfeng , Lu Juan , Chen Jiadong , Shen Li , Pei Gang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesHuman brain organoids can provide not only promising models for physiological and pathological neurogenesis but also potential therapies in neurological diseases. However, technical issues such as surgical lesions due to transplantation still limit their applications.Materials and methodsInstead of applying mature organoids, we innovatively developed human brain organoids in vivo by injecting small premature organoids into corpus striatum of adult SCID mice. Two months after injection, single‐cell transcriptome analysis was performed on 6131 GFP‐labeled human cells from transplanted mouse brains.ResultsEight subsets of cells (including neuronal cells expressing striatal markers) were identified in these in vivo developed organoids (IVD‐organoids) by unbiased clustering. Compared with in vitro cultured human cortical organoids, we found that IVD‐organoids developed more supporting cells including pericyte‐like and choroid plexus cells, which are important for maintaining organoid homeostasis. Furthermore, IVD‐organoids showed lower levels of cellular stress and apoptosis.ConclusionsOur study thus provides a novel method to generate human brain organoids, which is promising in various applications of disease models and therapies.
Electrophysiological alterations of the Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar neurons in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (electrophysiology on cerebellum of AD mice)
Authors: Cheron Guy , Ristori Dominique , Marquez‐Ruiz Javier , Cebolla Anna‐Maria , Ris Laurence 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is histopathologically well defined by the presence of amyloid deposits and tau‐related neurofibrillary tangles in crucial regions of the brain. Interest is growing in revealing and determining possible pathological markers also in the cerebellum as its involvement in cognitive functions is now well supported. Despite the central position of the Purkinje cell in the cerebellum, its electrophysiological behaviour in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease is scarce in the literature. Our first aim was here to focus on the electrophysiological behaviour of the cerebellum in awake mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) and the related performance on the water‐maze test classically used in behavioural studies. We found prevalent signs of electrophysiological alterations in both Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons which might explain the behavioural deficits reported during the water‐maze test. The alterations of neurons firing were accompanied by a dual (~16 and ~228 Hz) local field potential's oscillation in the Purkinje cell layer of Alzheimer's disease mice which was concomitant to an important increase of both the simple and the complex spikes. In addition, β‐amyloid deposits were present in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. These results highlight the importance of the output firing modification of the AD cerebellum that may indirectly impact the activity of its subcortical and cortical targets.
Association between protein intake and changes in renal function among Japanese community‐dwelling older people: The SONIC study
Authors: Sekiguchi Toshiaki , Kabayama Mai , Ryuno Hirochika , Tanaka Kentaro , Kiyoshige Eri , Akagi Yuya , Godai Kayo , Sugimoto Ken , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Yamamoto Koichi , Yasumoto Saori , Masui Yukie , Ikebe Kazunori , Gondo Yasuyuki , Arai Yasumichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei 
Published: February 2022

AimThe aim of this study was to clarify the association between dietary protein intake and decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among Japanese older adults.MethodsWe used the data of the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians and Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study, an ongoing narrow‐age range cohort study: 69–71 years, 79–81 years and 89–91 years. The outcome variable, change in eGFR, was estimated from serum creatinine measured at the baseline and 3‐year follow up, and the exposure variable, protein intake, was calculated using the brief‐type self‐administered diet history questionnaire at the baseline. Associations between eGFR change and protein intake were determined by multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe mean eGFR change per year was −1.89 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean protein intake was 1.50 g/kg/day. The results of this study showed that there was no significant association between protein or animal protein intake and change in eGFR per year in the entire population of participants, including the very elderly, but there was a significant positive association in those whose renal function fell into chronic kidney disease stage G3 or G4.ConclusionsProtein intake among community‐dwelling older adults was not associated with lower eGFR, and for older chronic kidney disease patients, protein and animal protein intakes were more beneficial in maintaining eGFR. The results provide evidence that protein intake should not be restricted for older patients with chronic kidney disease, including the very elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 286–291.
Comparative analysis of medical costs after hepatectomy versus radiofrequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in real‐world clinical practice
Authors: Terashima Takeshi , Higashibeppu Yoichi , Yamashita Tatsuya , Sakata Yukinori , Azuma Mie , Munakata Hiroaki , Ishii Mika , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo compare the total medical costs and treatment outcomes in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to their initial treatment, that is, hepatectomy or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), in real‐world clinical practice in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted using a medical claims database. Patients who underwent hepatectomy or RFA for primary HCC were matched using propensity score matching methods for available baseline characteristics. The average per‐patient total medical costs from the date of initial treatment to up to 3 years were estimated. The 3‐year survival and recurrence rates were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsData of 1726 patients (863 in each group) were analyzed. The average 3‐year medical costs were USD 8000 lower in the RFA group than in the hepatectomy group (USD 35,000 vs. USD 43,000). Patients in the RFA group had comparable 3‐year overall survival to those in the hepatectomy group (87.6% vs. 90.4%). However, the 3‐year recurrence rate was significantly higher in the RFA group than in the hepatectomy group (41.5% vs. 30.8%; hazard ratio = 1.56, 95% confidence interval: 1.31–1.87).ConclusionsIn this 3‐year study, patients achieved similar survival rates irrespective of initial treatment, but the RFA group had a lower total medical cost burden than the hepatectomy group. If both treatments are equally feasible, RFA may be a preferable initial curative treatment for primary HCC. However, careful consideration and adequate treatment should be given due to its higher recurrence risk.
Ecological and evolutionary processes shape below‐ground springtail communities along an elevational gradient
Authors: Xie Zhijing , Chen Ting‐Wen , Potapov Mikhail , Zhang Feng , Wu Donghui , Scheu Stefan , Sun Xin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimBoth ecological and evolutionary processes shape biological communities along elevational gradients. Compared to above‐ground taxa, elevational patterns and processes of below‐ground animals are little studied. Here, we investigated how environmental gradients across elevation may affect species divergence in the past and act as filters of contemporary assembly of soil detritivores via traits. We asked: (1) Are environmental filtering processes due to elevation, vegetation or microhabitat‐related factors driving isotomid springtail community assembly across elevation; (2) did species divergences occur after mountain uplift; and (3) are there environmental factors related to species divergences in the past.LocationChangbai Mountain, north‐east China.TaxonIsotomidae, Collembola.MethodsWe collected isotomid springtails from 800 to 2150 m above sea level and reconstructed the phylogeny using mitochondrial genome sequencing. We inspected the body length, number of ommatidia and pigmentation, and determined their evolutionary patterns. We then derived community parameters using trait‐based and metacommunity phylogenetic approaches and used linear mixed‐effects models to identify environmental variables that allow predicting community trait and phylogenetic parameters.ResultsIsotomid springtails differed more in traits when co‐occurring in environments with lower soil nitrogen, typically at higher elevations. Most communities exhibited phylogenetic clustering, but this pattern was not related to elevation or any environmental variables. These isotomid species mainly diverged in the Mesozoic with some divergence events associated with soil N and pH, as well as other factors covarying with the contemporary elevational gradient studied. The current communities comprised old phylogenetic lineages possessing traits that have undergone evolutionary drift.Main conclusionsWhile environmental gradients act as filters for below‐ground detritivores, evolution of traits preconditions their assembly. Species divergence likely resulted from filtering processes of past environments resembling the present day. Below‐ground diversity in Changbai Mountain is mainly based on the persistence of old phylogenetic lineages, while recent speciation is of little importance.
Spatial and temporal patterns of Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in wheat agroecosystems
Authors: Goethe James , Dorman Seth , Wang Hehe , Kennedy George , Huseth Anders 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFrankliniella fusca Hinds (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an economically important pest of many cultivated crops including cotton, tomatoes, peppers and tobacco. Previous research has focused on the importance of non‐crop weeds for F. fusca populations when estimating crop infestation risk in the spring. Although weeds play an integral role in population development, early‐season cultivated hosts (e.g. wheat and sage) may also contribute and augment overall populations. Few studies have examined the role of early‐season crops as a source habitat for sensitive host crops later in the season. The goal of this study was to investigate the abiotic conditions and landscape components that are associated with F. fusca populations in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Exploring these relationships will provide insight into early‐season drivers of F. fusca. To do this, we conducted a 2 year study documenting F. fusca populations during an 8 weeks period each spring. We sampled immature thrips abundance on wheat heads while concurrently monitoring adult dispersal from the field using yellow sticky cards. Across both years, we found that immature thrips sampled during the milk and dough development stages best‐predicted adult dispersal 2 weeks later. Cumulative precipitation and the number of precipitation events beginning in the autumn of the prior year were the most important abiotic predictors of F. fusca abundance. At the landscape scale, adult F. fusca density was negatively related to the area of row crop agriculture, grasslands and amount of landscape fragmentation. Results of our study provide a basis to assess larval thrips and forecast dispersal of this pest from wheat using a head sampling method. At a landscape scale, we show that specific combinations of abiotic and landscape variables influence population abundance of F. fusca in North Carolina row crop agroecosystems.