bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding habits of sympatric aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) and desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) in West Texas
Authors: Parikh Grace L. , Etchart Jose L. , O'Shaughnessy Ryan , Harveson Louis A. , Cain James W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAoudad (Ammotragus lervia), native to northern Africa, were introduced as exotic game animals to the Chihuahuan Desert in West Texas, USA, and have become invasive. Aoudad and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) are adapted to rugged terrain in arid climates, and both persist in desert regions with low primary productivity and limited perennial water availability, which suggests potential for competition for food and water resources. Aoudad are highly adaptable, which could make them more resilient to a changing environment with extreme conditions, providing a competitive edge over bighorn sheep. To evaluate the potential for exploitative competition between invasive aoudad and endemic desert bighorn sheep, we used genetic metabarcoding to assess diet composition using fecal samples collected from adults of each species in the Sierra Vieja Mountains in West Texas. We collected 32 composite samples from aoudad and 27 composite samples for bighorn sheep and identified 88 genera consumed. Bighorn sheep and aoudad diets (as inferred by genera) were most different during the warm‐wet season (16 June–15 October; Kulczynski similarity index = 0.81) and most similar during the warm‐dry season (16 February–15 June; Kulczynski similarity index = 1.05). During the warm‐wet season, the 2 herbivores tended to consume different genera, suggesting the possibility of resource partitioning, with less likelihood of resource partitioning during the warm‐dry season when forage was more limited and diets were similar. Diet diversity, measured by Shannon's diversity index, did not vary substantially between species, but for aoudad it was highest during the warm‐wet season (1.1 ± 0.0.1 [SE]) and lowest during the cool‐dry season (16 October–15 February, 0.9 ± 0.0.1). For bighorn sheep, diet richness was highest during the cool‐dry season (1.1 ± 0.2) and lowest during the warm‐dry season (0.8 ± 0.10). Bighorn sheep may specialize on high‐quality forage species, particularly during the warm‐wet season, while aoudad have a more generalist foraging strategy, although temporal windows for increased competition for food resources likely occur. Aoudad are well‐adapted to low‐quality forage and arid climates, which could increase their competitive ability and compromise bighorn sheep conservation efforts in areas of sympatry.
Impact of the Water Reservoir and River Engineering Structures on Longitudinal and Transverse (Dis)connectivity Associated With Sediment Transfer
Authors: Piasecka Joanna , Święchowicz Jolanta , Najwer Alicja , Zwoliński Zbigniew 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHuman impact in the form of reservoir construction and river regulation downstream of reservoirs, is causing irreversible alterations to hillslope and river channel connectivity in river catchments. This disruption in the dynamic equilibrium of the river is attributed to sediment accumulation upstream of the reservoir's dam, limited sediment outflow from the reservoir, and increased downcutting downstream of the dam. Consequently, these alterations necessitate further human interference in natural environmental processes through the construction of various river engineering structures designed to reduce the intensity of downcutting. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of a small mountain reservoir and additional river regulation structures on the Wapienica River in southern Poland, focusing on the structural and functional connectivity of the river channel in terms of sediment transfer. This assessment was based on erosion and connectivity modeling, as well as field mapping. A high‐resolution digital elevation model (HRDEM) was examined in the study along with survey data on suspended sediment accumulation sites along the river. The study utilized open‐source tools, including SedInConnect for connectivity index (IC) calculation, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for ArcGIS software. It was found that the Wapienica reservoir permanently retains the floating material, making the likelihood of this material flowing out of the reservoir minimal. Within the reverse delta of the reservoir, the entire load of bottom material (sand) is also retained. Thicker bottom material (gravel, boulders) is deposited in the riverbed within the delta, leading to the shallowing of the bed upstream of the delta. These processes disrupt longitudinal connectivity. Six connectivity zones have been identified within the catchment. The first four are situated in the southern part of the catchment: strong connectivity, reduction, concrete channel, and damage area. The remaining two, situated in the northern part are: artificial channel and drainage channels. Each of the six zones is characterized by different sediments and river processes. It was demonstrated that a more detailed and more probably connectivity pattern for hillslopes and river channels may be obtained through the use of several tools and parameters at the same time (i.e., fieldwork, SWAT, IC).
High‐Speed Blue Laser Diodes with InGaN Quantum Barrier for Beyond 36 Gbps Visible Light Communications
Authors: Jia Haolin , Hu Junhui , Xu Zengyi , Gu Zhenqian , Yang Zhen , Li Zengxin , Zhou Yingjun , Shi Jianyang , Li Ziwei , Zhang Junwen , Chi Nan , Shen Chao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLaser‐based visible light communication (VLC) is emerging as a crucial technology for future applications like the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. However, the data transmission rate is limited by the modulation bandwidth of visible laser diodes (LDs). This paper presents the design and fabrication of blue GaN‐based short‐cavity (300 µm/500 µm) LDs with InGaN quantum barrier (QB) and a narrow ridge width of 2 µm for high‐speed VLC systems. Theoretical analyses of the band structure and carrier distribution, along with experimental results, reveal significant improvements in electro‐optical performance and frequency response of the demonstrated blue LDs with InGaN QB. A high slope efficiency of 1.85 W A−1, a wall‐plug efficiency of 29%, and an intrinsic 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 8 GHz are achieved. By using the high‐speed blue LD as a transmitter, the VLC system achieves a record data rate of 36.5 Gbps. The system shows a larger operation window for high speed and better temperature adaptability, marking a substantial advancement for high‐speed VLC links.
OVERCOMING OUR OWN HURDLES TO LEARNING
Authors: Novak David 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe author, founder of David Novak Leadership and former chairman and CEO of Yum! Brands, writes about what he calls an “active learning discipline.” Active learners, in his words, ask better questions and listen carefully to the answers; make, and check, their own judgments; see the world as it really is; reflect; celebrate others’ ideas; and trust in positive intentions. In point one, he asks, “What one question could you ask today that could make a substantial difference in what you learn and in what you help others discover?” In point two, “What habit could you develop that would expand your perspective and heuristics by interacting with more people and learning about their ideas and experiences?” In point three, “Where in your life are you relying on information that is secondhand, that just confirms your thinking, or that isn’t capturing the whole truth of a situation and how could you get to the truth or the source instead?” In point four, “If you had to add up the minutes, how much time do you think you spend per week in deep reflection or letting your mind wander? How could you boost that number?”
Recent Advances in Polymer Nanofibers for Optoelectronics Applications
Authors: Sun Sai , Kuang Ting , Li Jinyong , Zhang Bin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the contemporary era, marked by escalating environmental pollution and energy scarcities, the advancement of microscale, flexible, and wearable optoelectronic devices has become a primary area of research focus. Polymer nanofibers, notable for their extensive specific surface area, superior conductivity, and high electron mobility, have risen to prominence within this domain. These fibers now play a pivotal role in a variety of optoelectronic applications, including light‐emitting devices, photodetectors, photovoltaics, transistors, and generators, as well as in energy storage devices like supercapacitors. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the synthesis of polymer nanofibers and their applications in optoelectronics, while also discussing future developmental prospects.
Pechmann Dye‐Containing Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors
Authors: Lee Seunglok , Yoo Hyeonjin , Jeong Seokhwan , Kim Dae Hong , Kang So‐Huei , Choi Yukyeong , Yang Changduk , Lee Byoung Hoon , Lee Kyu Cheol 
Published: February 2025

AbstractConjugated polymer design via random terpolymerization with irregular backbones has emerged as a strategy for stretchable organic electronics, requiring diverse molecular architectures to balance charge carrier mobility (μ) and stretchability. In this study, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based conjugated polymers with 0%, 5%, and 10% Pechmann dye (PDy) units, denoted as DP‐T0, DP‐T5, and DP‐T10, respectively, are introduced, and explore the impact of PDy on structural mobility and stretchability through experimental and computational analyses. Electrical measurements reveal hole mobilities ranging from 0.01 to 0.08 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹, with a slight decrease as PDy content increases. Stretchability tests indicate significant improvements in DP‐T5 and DP‐T10 due to their loosely packed lamellar structures. Notably, DP‐T5 achieves a crack onset strain (εc) of 250% and a polarization dichroic ratio (PDR) of 2.4 under 200% strain, leading to a mobility ratio (μ200/μ0) exceeding 5. These results demonstrate that PDy incorporation enhances the mechanical stretchability of DPP‐based conjugated polymers while maintaining reasonable electronic performance. This work highlights the potential of PDy‐based random terpolymerization for developing stretchable polymer semiconductors.
Design of strong and tough biofibers and their biomedical applications
Authors: Sun Dongpeng , Zheng Yuan , Zhang Anxun , Wang Jing , Xiao Yao , Chen Dong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStrong and tough biofibers, which have comparable mechanical performances with conventional synthetic fibers derived from petrochemicals, have demonstrated superior advantages in sustainability and biocompatibility and have provided innovative solutions for various areas over synthetic fibers. Studies on strong and tough biofibers have addressed the growing demand for sustainable products and biomedical applications. Here, recent advances in strong and tough biofibers are summarized and discussed, including their materials, spinning methods, strengthening strategies, and various applications. Four natural materials commonly used for biofibers are introduced first, including spider silk, silkworm silk, chitin, and cellulose, and then four different spinning techniques developed to prepare strong and tough biofibers are summarized, including dry spinning, wet spinning, 3D printing, and microfluidic spinning. Strengthening strategies, such as dual crosslinking and post treatment, are applied to further improve the mechanical performances of biofibers, and their applications, especially in clothing, suture, would dressing, tissue engineering, and sensor, are discussed in detail. Continuous innovations in strong and tough biofibers hold a great promise for driving further advancements and offering solutions to related global challenges.
Neuroimaging Techniques in Huntington's Disease: A Critical Review
Authors: Farag Mena , Knights Harry , Scahill Rachael I. , McColgan Peter , Estevez‐Fraga Carlos 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundHuntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive, neuropsychiatric and motor symptoms caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. Imaging techniques are crucial for understanding HD pathophysiology and monitoring disease progression.ObjectivesThis review is targeted at general neurologists and movement disorders specialists with an interest in HD and aims to bring complex imaging, including new experimental techniques, closer to the practicing clinician.MethodsWe provide a summary of findings from conventional structural, diffusion and functional imaging in HD studies, together with an update on emerging novel techniques, including multiparametric mapping, multi‐shell diffusion techniques, ultra‐high field 7‐Tesla MRI, positron emission tomography and magnetoencephalography.ResultsConventional imaging techniques have deepened our understanding of neuropathological progression in HD, from striatal atrophy to widespread cortical and white matter changes. The integration of novel imaging techniques reviewed has further improved our ability to interrogate, quantify and visualize disease‐specific alterations with high precision.ConclusionsNovel imaging techniques have promising roles to further our understanding of HD pathology and as imaging markers for clinical trials, disease staging and therapeutic monitoring. Additionally, the synergistic potential of combining imaging modalities with molecular and genetic data, along with wet biomarkers and clinical data, will help provide a complete and comprehensive view of HD pathology and progression.
Trichothiodystrophy due to ERCC2 Variants: Uncommon Contributor to Progressive Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy
Authors: Tavasoli Ali Reza , Kaki Arastoo , Ganji Maedeh , Kahani Seyyed Mohammad , Radmehr Foozhan , Mohammadi Pouria , Heidari Morteza , Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Lewis Kara S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTrichothiodystrophy (TTD) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in genes associated with DNA repair. The ERCC2 gene encoded a protein, XPD, that is a subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH and important in both DNA repair and transcription. Disease‐causing variants in ERCC2 can partially inactivate these activities, giving rise to symptoms seen in TTD, Cockayne syndrome (CS) and xeroderma pigmentosa (XP). Although generalized cerebral white matter abnormalities is reported in TTD, myelination disorders specifically linked to ERCC2 gene variants are exceptionally uncommon. Here, we introduce a thorough investigation of a patient exhibiting classic TTD symptoms alongside progressive cerebral hypomyelination with ERCC2 variants.MethodsIn a non‐consanguineous family, we conducted Autism/ID gene Panel on a 5‐year‐old affected child who presented with microcephaly, failure to thrive, developmental delay, and progressive hypomyelination on three serial brain imaging over 5‐years follow‐up. Our investigation aimed to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of the observed phenotype. We also conducted a comprehensive review of the genetic profiles of all documented ERCC2‐related patients exhibiting myelination disorders.ResultsAutism/ID gene Panel identified a compound heterozygous variant in ERCC2 gene causing TTD. Clinical and paraclinical findings enabled differentiation of TTD from Cockayne syndrome and XP. Segregation analysis revealed that, the variation in the paternal allele was a splice junction loss (c.2190 + 1delG), and the other alteration in the maternal allele was a pathogenic variant (c.1479 + 2dupT). It has been noted that these variants were reported in previous studies in homozygous or compound heterozygous form in patients with TTD, but none of them exhibited hypomyelinating leukodystrophy.ConclusionThe identification of hypomyelination in TTD due to ERCC2 sheds a light on the molecular diagnosis and contributing to the limited literature on ERCC2 variants and associated hypomyelinating leukodystrophy in patients with TTD.
A New Polar Representation and Identities for Split Leonardo Quaternions
Authors: Atasoy Ali 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, we define split Leonardo quaternion sequences with components involving Leonardo numbers. We give fundamental properties and identities associated with split Leonardo quaternions, such as Binet's formula, as well as identities attributed to Catalan, Cassini, and d'Ocagne. Furthermore, we introduce an innovative concept: polar representation for these split quaternions using Cayley Dickson's notation. This alternative representation provides a new perspective on the structure of split Leonardo quaternions and give a deeper understanding of their geometric interpretations and transformations.
Design and Development of Dual Polarized Conjugate Matched Feed for Satellite Communications
Authors: Ram Raksha , Dey Ranajit , Singh Vijay Kumar , Kulshrestha Sanjeev , Mahajan Milind B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTConjugate matched feed supresses secondary cross‐pol of offset reflector by utilizing higher order mode (TE21) along with fundamental mode (TE11) in a circular feed itself. In this paper, physically realizable stable co‐axial structure of TE21 mode coupler and co‐axial horn were designed and tested for dual polarization applications. The procedure for designing of co‐axial horn for maintaining phase difference between the modes is also discussed. The secondary pattern of the matched feed with offset reflector having F/D of 0.7 and 45° offset angle for dual linear polarization was analyzed using physical optics (PO) in GRASP (Ticra tool). The observation revealed 7 dB improvement in the secondary cross‐polar performance for both polarizations using matched feed as compared to TE11 feed over 7.8% bandwidth. The primary measurement of the feed alone was carried out in an anechoic chamber, and the measured primary pattern was compared with the simulated value. The designed feed could be an alternative of dual reflector antenna used in satellite communications.
ISAR Imaging Simulation for Low‐Angle Targets in the Troposphere Based on Ray Tracing Method
Authors: Yu Hongxin , Liao Cheng , Feng Ju , Du Wei , Zhong Xuanming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis letter proposes a novel model for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of low‐angle targets in the troposphere using echoes simulated by the ray tracing method (RTM). The proposed approach integrates the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation model with radar imaging techniques to account for the influence of environmental factors, such as atmospheric refraction and ground multipath, on ISAR imaging. First, a spherical multipath calculation method based on the RTM is proposed to acquire path parameters. Subsequently, an environmental transfer function, incorporating path parameters, antenna pattern, and surface characteristics, is created and combined with the target reflectivity function to generate the echo data matrix. Range‐Doppler (RD) processing is then applied to obtain the target's ISAR image. Finally, a typical example is given to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the multipath calculation method. Meanwhile, simulation analysis of ISAR images for an aircraft in flight in a tropospheric environment is conducted. Results indicate that the proposed method effectively predicts the impact of the tropospheric environment on ISAR imaging of low‐angle targets.
Miniaturized Wideband Single‐Layer CP Metasurface Antenna Using CPW‐Fed
Authors: Xia Zuxue , Xiong Xin , Xia Wenhai , Cao Xin , Hu Jiayuan , Cheng Rui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA novel miniaturized wideband single‐layer circularly polarized metasurface antenna using coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed and hybrid metasurface is proposed. To miniaturize the metasurface antenna, a hybrid embedded metasurface structure composed of multiple slotted rectangles and small rectangles is introduced. By embedding the metallic patches, additional capacitance is introduced in the gaps, which lowers the resonance frequency of the metasurface and significantly reduces its size. Circularly polarized radiation is realized as the inclined CPW feeder excites the degenerate modes of the hybrid metasurface, which exhibit a 90° phase difference. In conclusion, the metasurface antenna is fabricated and measured to confirm the validity of the design. The antenna has a compact radiation aperture of 0.39λ0 × 0.49λ0 (center frequency of 5.82 GHz), a wider 3 dB AR bandwidth of 17.1% (5.31 ~ 6.30 GHz), and a wider impedance bandwidth of 24.8% (4.93 ~ 6.33 GHz), with a peak gain of 7.7 dBic.
In‐Line Bandpass Filters With Flexible Transmission Zero Distribution Using Asymmetric Dual‐Behavior Resonators
Authors: Xiao Lunyong , Cheng Lan , Kong Yifan , He Yuxing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe propose in this letter an analytical method for realizing bandpass filters with N reflection zeros (RZs) but more than N transmission zeros (TZs) that are flexibly (symmetrically or asymmetrically) positioned outside the passband. The approach relies on the development of asymmetric dual‐behavior resonators at lowpass domain, accommodating one reflection zero (RZ) and two asymmetric TZs. These asymmetric DBRs are then properly adopted into an in‐line prototype, allowing them to be cascaded with conventional resonators via constant or frequency‐variant couplings. To provide a planar solution, we also introduce practical distributed models of the asymmetric DBRs where all elements are properly determined to meet the required in‐band and out‐of‐band performances. For validation, an experimental example is carried out with microstrip implementation, along with reasonable responses.
Fully Planar Endfire Circularly Polarized Antenna of Substrate Integrated Waveguide Loaded With Planar Bending Dipole
Authors: Yin Yifan , He Jin , Ge Feiyu , Bao Shuo , Li Shunli , Wu Ke 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a fully planar endfire circularly polarized (CP) antenna on a single‐layer substrate, consisting of a substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) loaded with a bending dipole. The SIW horn, which can be directly integrated with RF circuits, could generate high‐gain vertically polarized (VP) radiation. The novel bending dipole is actually a traveling‐wave helical dipole radiator and could generate high‐gain horizontally polarized (HP) radiation. The bending dipole is fed by the SIW horn with a tapered parallel stripline. The mechanism and design method of the proposed antenna is presented, and its experimental prototype has been designed and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth of −10 dB covers a bandwidth of 2.4 GHz from 25.3 to 27.7 GHz, the 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 2.4 GHz from 24.9 to 27.3 GHz, and the effective bandwidth is from 25.3 to 27.3 GHz. The measured CP gain is over 7.3 dBic and the peak gain is 9.1 dBic in the effective bandwidth. The high gain planar endfire CP antenna has a compact size of only 3.06λ0*1.2λ0*0.13λ0.