bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketoconazole 2% cream alters the skin fungal microbiome in seborrhoeic dermatitis: a cohort study
Authors: Tao Rong , Wang Ruojun , Wan Zhe , Song Yinggai , Wu Yan , Li Ruoyu 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundSeborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is a common chronic inflammatory dermatosis. Current theories on the pathogenesis of SD highlight the role of microbes on the skin surface. Ketoconazole is commonly used for the treatment of SD; however, there are limited data focusing on the effects of ketoconazole in shaping the skin microbiome in patients with SD.AimIn this prospective cohort study, we used a high-throughput DNA sequencing method to characterize the cutaneous microbial communities of patients with SD before and after topical ketoconazole treatment.MethodsIn total, 30 patients with facial SD and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Skin swabs were collected from SD lesional sites of the cheek at baseline, after ketoconazole treatment and 2 weeks post-treatment. DNA was extracted from skin samples. The bacterial 16S V3V4 rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer 1–5F regions were sequenced, and the microbial community compositions were analysed.ResultsSignificantly lower bacterial and fungal diversities were detected at the lesional sites of facial SD compared with HCs. A decreased relative abundance of Cutibacterium and increased abundances of Malassezia and Staphylococcus were found in facial SD. Disease diversity was positively correlated with the relative abundances of Malassezia, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium, while transepidermal water loss was negatively associated with the relative abundance of Cutibacterium. After ketoconazole treatment, fungal Shannon diversity and the relative abundances of Candida and Aspergillus were significantly increased at the lesional sites, and the relative abundance of Malassezia showed a decreasing trend. These changing trends were maintained until 2 weeks post-treatment.ConclusionFacial SD showed lower fungal diversity accompanied by increased relative abundances of Malassezia and Staphylococcus and decreased relative abundance of Cutibacterium. Ketoconazole treatment reduced Malassezia and increased fungal diversity to restore skin microbial communities.
Mini‐EDACS: Development of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System for young children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Sellers Diane , Pennington Lindsay , Bryant Elizabeth , Benfer Katherine , Weir Kelly , Aboagye Sonia , Morris Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo develop and test Mini‐EDACS to describe developing eating and drinking abilities of children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged between 18 and 36 months.MethodThe existing Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) was modified to define Mini‐EDACS content. Mini‐EDACS was developed in three stages: (1) EDACS was modified after application to videos of standardized feeding evaluations of children with CP aged 18 to 36 months (n = 130); (2) refined content and validity of Mini‐EDACS was established through an international Delphi survey; (3) interobserver reliability was assessed by comparing Mini‐EDACS levels assigned by speech and language therapists (SaLTs) from video data and parent report.ResultsMini‐EDACS provides age‐appropriate descriptions for children aged 18 to 36 months with CP. Eighty‐nine stakeholders participated in the Delphi survey; required levels of agreement were met after one round (i.e. >80% agreement). Thirteen SaLTs completed paired ratings from 43 video recordings: absolute agreement was 58% (kappa 0.43; intraclass correlation coefficient 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.87).InterpretationMini‐EDACS provides a valid system for classifying eating and drinking performance of children with CP under 3 years old. Results suggest moderate agreement and good reliability when rating Mini‐EDACS levels from video recordings of young children with CP.
Modelling soil water retention and water‐holding capacity with visible–near‐infrared spectra and machine learning
Authors: Baumann Philipp , Lee Juhwan , Behrens Thorsten , Biswas Asim , Six Johan , McLachlan Gordon , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe need measurements of soil water retention (SWR) and available water capacity (AWC) to assess and model soil functions, but methods are time‐consuming and expensive. Our aim here was to investigate the modelling of AWC and SWR with visible–near‐infrared spectra (vis–NIR) and the machine‐learning method cubist. We used soils from 54 locations across Australian agricultural regions, from three depths: 0–15 cm, 15–30 cm and 30–60 cm. The volumetric water content of the samples and their vis–NIR spectra were measured at seven matric potentials from −1 kPa to −1500 kPa. We modelled the following: (i) AWC directly with the average spectra of the samples measured at different water contents, (ii) water contents at field capacity and permanent wilting point and calculated AWC from those estimates, (iii) AWC with spectra of air‐dried soils, and (iv) parameters of the Kosugi and van Genuchten SWR models, then reconstructed the SWR curves to calculate AWC. We compared the estimates with those from a local pedotransfer function (PTF) and an established Australian PTF. The accuracy of the spectroscopic approaches varied but was generally better than the PTFs. The spectroscopic methods are also more practical because they do not require additional soil properties for the modelling. The root‐mean squared‐error (RMSE) of the spectroscopic methods ranged from 0.033 cm3 cm−3 to 0.059 cm3 cm−3. The RMSEs of the PTFs were 0.050 cm3 cm−3 for the local and 0.077 cm3 cm−3 for the general PTF. Spectroscopy with machine learning provides a rapid and versatile method for estimating the AWC and SWR characteristics of diverse agricultural soils.Highlights
Soil available water capacity can be estimated with vis‐NIR specta.
Parameters of water retention models can be estimated with vis‐NIR spectra.
vis‐NIR spectroscopy performed better than pedotransfer functions.
The results apply to a diverse range of soils.
Substantial early changes in bone and calcium metabolism among adult pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients on a modified Atkins diet
Authors: Molteberg Ellen , Taubøll Erik , Kverneland Magnhild , Iversen Per Ole , Selmer Kaja Kristine , Nakken Karl Otto , Hofoss Dag , Thorsby Per Medbøe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the modified Atkins diet (MAD), a variant of the ketogenic diet, has an impact on bone‐ and calcium (Ca) metabolism.MethodsTwo groups of adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy were investigated. One, the diet group (n = 53), was treated with MAD for 12 weeks, whereas the other, the reference group (n = 28), stayed on their habitual diet in the same period. All measurements were performed before and after the 12 weeks in both groups. We assessed bone health by measuring parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, 25‐OH vitamin D (25‐OH vit D), 1,25‐OH vitamin D (1,25‐OH vit D), phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the bone turnover markers procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C‐terminal telopeptide collagen type 1 (CTX‐1). In addition, we examined the changes of sex hormones (estradiol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone), sex hormone‐binding globulin, and leptin.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of MAD, we found a significant reduction in PTH, Ca, CTX‐1, P1NP, 1,25‐OH vit D, and leptin. There was a significant increase in 25‐OH vit D. These changes were most pronounced among patients <37 years old, and in those patients with the highest body mass index (≥25.8 kg/m²), whereas sex and type of antiseizure medication had no impact on the results. For the reference group, the changes were nonsignificant for all the analyses. In addition, the changes in sex hormones were nonsignificant.SignificanceTwelve weeks of MAD treatment leads to significant changes in bone and Ca metabolism, with a possible negative effect on bone health as a result. A reduced level of leptin may be a triggering mechanism. The changes could be important for patients on MAD, and especially relevant for those patients who receive treatment with MAD at an early age before peak bone mass is reached.
Radiographic changes of the proximal third metatarsal bone do not predict presence or severity of proximal suspensory desmopathy in a predominately Quarter Horse population
Authors: Hinkle Frances E. , Selberg Kurt T. , Frisbie David D. , Barrett Myra F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundComparison of radiography to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help objectively assess the value and limitations of radiographs in orthopaedic disease processes. The tarsus and proximal suspensory origin of the metatarsus are commonly imaged regions for lameness. The knowledge gained by comparison between imaging modalities will aid in improving accuracy of radiographic interpretation.ObjectiveTo compare the radiographic and MRI findings of the proximal third metatarsal bone (MTIII) and proximal suspensory ligament using MRI as the gold standard.Study designRetrospective observational study.MethodsSingle hindlimbs of 35 horses with radiographic and high‐field (3Tesla (3T)) MRI studies were blindly evaluated by two board‐certified veterinary radiologists and a radiology resident. Severity and location of the following parameters were assessed: radiographic MTIII sclerosis and lucent regions, MRI endosteal metatarsal sclerosis and bone marrow lesions, plantar cortical proliferation and resorption, and proximal suspensory desmopathy (PSD).ResultsRadiographic osseous changes of MTIII were identified in 54% of limbs, whereas 40% limbs had osseous changes on MRI: 43% of limbs had PSD on MRI. No significant association was found between the presence of radiographic changes in MTIII and PSD on MRI (P = .7). A statistically significant association and positive correlation was found between the severity of radiographic changes and MTIII plantar cortical proliferation and resorption on MRI (P = .01).Main limitationsRetrospective study with no histopathology. Ability to correlate findings with lameness was limited by the lack of standardised time intervals between onset of lameness, diagnostic analgesia and advanced imaging.ConclusionRadiographic bony changes of proximal MTIII do not reliably predict presence or severity of PSD but are associated with osseous changes at the proximal MTIII. The presence of radiographic changes should warrant additional diagnostics in the region prior to making conclusions about the presence or absence of PSD.
The effects of integrated food and bioenergy cropping systems on crop yields, soil health, and biomass quality: The EU and Brazilian experience
Authors: Zegada‐Lizarazu Walter , Carvalho João L. N. , Parenti Andrea , Tenelli Sarah , Martín Sastre Carlos , Ciria Pilar , Christou Myrsini , Efthymia Alexopoulou , Bonomi Antonio , Monti Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntegrated food and bioenergy production is a promising way to ensure regional/national food and energy security, efficient use of soil resources, and enhanced biodiversity, while contributing to the abatement of CO2 emissions. The objective of this study was to assess alternative crop rotation schemes as the basis for integrating and enhancing the sustainable biomass production within the food‐energy agricultural context. Sunn hemp (Crotalaria spp.) in rotation with wheat (Triticum spp.) in the EU and with sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in Brazil were evaluated. Sunn hemp did not negatively affect crop's productivity and soil fertility; wheat grain yields were maintained around the mean regional production levels (6, 7, 3 and Mg ha−1 in Greece, Italy, and Spain, respectively), and the cumulative biomass in the extended rotation (wheat straw+sunn hemp) was between 1.5 and 2.0 times higher than in the conventional rotation. In Brazil, sugarcane stalks yield in clay soils increased by around 15 Mg ha−1 year−1 under sunn hemp rotation in comparison with bare fallow. Moreover, sunn hemp in the EU rotations did not have negative effects on soil available macronutrients, organic matter, pH, and cation exchange capacity, neither on C and N stocks in Brazil. The qualitative characteristics (mineral, ash, and hemicelluloses contents) of the cumulated biomass were somehow higher (in average +26%, +35%, and +3.4%, respectively) than in the conventional system. In summary, in temperate and tropical climates the integration of dedicated biomass legume crops within conventional systems could lead to enhanced biomass availability, crop diversification, and efficient use (in space and time) of the land resources.
Constituting the norm: Interrogating the anthropocene through food geographies in the more‐than‐human worlds of western Avadh, India
Authors: Nagavarapu Sudha , Kumar Richa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy tracing specific moments in the history of the more‐than‐human landscape constituting the food geography of western Avadh, a long settled agricultural heartland in the Indo‐Gangetic plains, this paper challenges the neat formulations of the Anthropocene laying out decisive global impacts of humans on the environment. Building upon the concept of the ‘patchy Anthropocene’, we show how outcomes are shaped by an imbrication of humans and non‐humans—where powerful human actors seek to coerce people and corral the environment into their projects of remaking the landscape, but also where recalcitrant ecologies and resistant people thwart these intentions, especially during the colonial encounter. Contestations across power hierarchies and unintended outcomes litter the wake of the Anthropocene — as we show, efforts to save the non‐human cow in the last decade have intensified processes associated with the Great Acceleration. Instead of treating the trajectory of food geographies like western Avadh as outliers and marginal to the normative process of defining change, we argue for treating it as constitutive of the norm. Only through such a process of decolonisation, by ‘provincialising the Anthropocene’, can we hope to push for epistemic justice, ecological sustainability and a more equitable world.
Controlled attenuation parameter in the diagnosis of different liver steatosis groups in children with obesity
Authors: Yang Lin , Lin Yan , Zhu Ya Fei , Zhu Yin Yan , Liang Zhen Ming , Wu Guang Sheng 
Published: January 2022

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the utility of the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), as measured by a liver elastography technique, in predicting varying degrees of liver steatosis in children with obesity.MethodsChildren with obesity attending the pediatric obesity clinic at the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University from July 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively analysed. The 71 subjects were divided into four groups according to the degree of liver steatosis obtained by magnetic resonance imaging‐proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF). The gender, age, CAP, LSM, ALT, AST, BMI, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, insulin, and blood 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels of the four groups were compared, and the differences were analysed. Clinical data with significant differences were included in the logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the CAP for the 71 subjects with different degrees of liver steatosis was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value.ResultsThe 71 children were divided into groups according to the degree of hepatic steatosis obtained by MRI‐PDFF, and the clinical data for each group were compared. It was found that there was statistical significance for CAP, ALT, and AST in cases of moderate and severe hepatic steatosis (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis was conducted between CAP, ALT, AST, and moderate to severe hepatic steatosis in children with obesity, and it was found that CAP was a factor related to moderate to severe hepatic steatosis in children with obesity. The ROC curve indicated that CAP has diagnostic value for NAFLD in children with obesity.ConclusionThere is diagnostic value in the use of CAP for hepatic steatosis in children with obesity, and there is greater diagnostic value in the use of CAP for children with moderate to severe hepatic steatosis.
Motivational interviewing to reduce anthropometrics among children: A meta‐analysis, moderation analysis and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment
Authors: Ling Jiying , Wen Fujun , Robbins Lorraine B. , Pageau Lauren 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundLimited systematic reviews exist to evaluate the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) on children's anthropometric factors.ObjectiveThis review examined the effects of MI interventions for children and/or parents on children's anthropometric factors and included moderation analyses and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement, we searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, SPORTDiscus, Education Resources Information Center, and Web of Science in December 2020. A two‐step double screening approach was applied: (1) screening titles and abstracts, and (2) screening full‐text articles obtained in step 1. At each step, discussion occurred until reaching consensus. The Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool was used to evaluate risk of bias, and GRADE system was applied to assess overall quality of evidence. We performed meta‐analyses using the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software.ResultsA total of 2209 records were found, and 45 eligible articles were retained. MI interventions had a pooled effect of −0.15 on body mass index (BMI; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.24 to −0.06), −0.36 on waist circumference (WC; 95% CI: −0.71 to −0.01) and −0.22 on percent body fat (95% CI: −0.41 to −0.03). Child baseline weight status and percent low‐income families were identified as significant intervention moderators. According to the GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence on BMI percentile, BMI z‐score and percent body fat was moderate, while quality on BMI and WC was low.ConclusionsIn conclusion, culturally appropriate clinic‐ or home‐based MI interventions with adequate duration, dose and active parental involvement are promising in reducing anthropometrics among children.
Changements de perspectives sur la pauvreté et les inégalités: l'apport de la Revue internationale du Travail
Authors: RODGERS Gerry 
Published: January 2022

RésuméCette introduction présente une sélection d'articles de la Revue internationale du Travail qui illustrent l'évolution de la recherche sur la pauvreté et les inégalités au cours du siècle dernier. Si ces sujets n'ont été abordés qu'occasionnellement au cours des premières décennies de l'histoire de la Revue, leur présence s'est accrue dans les articles publiés à partir des années 1970, notamment du fait des recherches menées dans le cadre du Programme mondial de l'emploi de l'OIT. Puis, dans les années 1990, les articles ont porté sur les concepts de pauvreté et d'exclusion sociale et sur l'impact des réformes économiques; plus récemment il s'est agi d'inscrire la question des inégalités économiques et sociales dans le cadre d'analyses plus larges de la croissance et du développement. Aujourd'hui, un vaste champ d'exploration reste ouvert à toute une diversité d'approches de la pauvreté et des inégalités.
The role of dysregulated PI3Kdelta signaling in human autoimmunity*
Authors: Bier Julia , Deenick Elissa K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBetter treatment of autoimmune diseases requires an improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to the breakdown of immune tolerance. The discovery of individuals with germline mutations in PIK3CD (which encodes the p110δ catalytic subunit of PI3K) has revealed the importance of regulated PI3Kδ activity to maintain tolerance. These patients display a range of symptoms including both immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how dysregulated PI3Kδ signaling affects the activation and differentiation of multiple cell types leading to the production of autoantibodies in these patients. This has lessons, not only for the treatment of these patients, but also for the potential role of dysregulated PI3Kδ in other patients with autoimmune conditions.
Thermal conduction mechanism of ferroelastic Zr‐Y‐Yb‐Ta‐Nb‐O high‐entropy oxides with glass‐like thermal conductivity
Authors: Yao Yao , Ren Guoliang , Yu Yali , Che Junwei , Liang Ting , Li Ling , Liu Yingguang , Yang Fan , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFerroelastic high‐entropy oxides (HEOs) with high fracture toughness and low thermal conductivity are promising topcoat materials for next‐generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). However, phonon transmission characteristics in the ferroelastic HEOs are less well understood due to their complicated and highly‐disordered structure. Here we prepared two types of ferroelastic Zr‐Y‐Yb‐Ta‐Nb‐O HEOs and investigated their thermal conduction behaviors at 100–900°C. Hybrid Monte Carlo and molecular dynamic simulations were employed to understand the thermal conduction mechanism in this high‐entropy system. Results show the HEOs present glass‐like, low thermal conductivity (< 1.30 W m–1 K–1 at 100°C), which is attributed to the diffused lattice vibration mode with random polarization distribution. Dominant delocalized phonon modes in the HEOs are beneficial to strengthening phonon scattering and consequently decrease the thermal conductivity significantly. Lower thermal conductivity can be achieved by tailoring the composition and crystal structure of the HEOs to increase the contribution from diffused lattice vibration and “diffusion”. This work provides a fundamental insight into the thermal conduction mechanisms of HEOs, which may facilitate materials design of low thermal conductivity materials for TBCs applications.
Propolis antibacterial and antioxidant synergisms with gentamicin and honey
Authors: Freitas Ana Sofia , Cunha Ana , Oliveira Rui , Almeida-Aguiar Cristina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsAssess the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of ethanol extracts of Portuguese propolis samples when combined with gentamicin, a widely used aminoglycoside antibiotic, or with honey, collected from the same apiary as propolis.Methods and ResultsUsing the agar dilution method and DPPH free radical scavenging assay, antimicrobial and antioxidant synergistic effects between propolis and gentamicin or honey were assessed. Synergism between propolis and gentamicin was observed for all the tested extracts and against all the indicator bacteria, with particular interest against the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a threefold decrease of the gentamicin MIC if mixed with 25 µg ml−1 propolis. Likely to propolis and gentamicin, mixtures of sub-MIC concentrations of propolis and honey enhanced the antibacterial action of each individual natural product against the majority of the strains. However, propolis antioxidant capacity decreased along with higher honey content in the mixture.ConclusionsPropolis has a strong synergistic effect when combined with gentamicin, allowing the reduction of the therapeutic dose of this drug. Propolis and honey mixtures also display a stronger antibacterial effect than the activity exhibited by each sample when tested individually, whereas the high antioxidant capacity of propolis seems to be not affected when in combination with honey.Significance and Impact of StudyWhen mixed with honey, propolis antioxidant potential is maintained, or just slightly reduced up to 1:1 dilution, and show synergistic antibacterial effects, allowing to optimize the use of this usually scarce natural resource. Also, considering the antibiotic resistance problem, natural beehive products, alone or in the mixture, are promising alternatives to retard the outbreak of microbial resistance.