bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal mortality and neonatal and maternal outcome per gestational week in term pregnancies: A registry‐based study
Authors: Cornette Jérôme , van der Stok Catharina J. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Kornelisse René F. , van der Wilk Eline , Franx Arie , Jacquemyn Yves , Steegers Eric A. P. , Bertens Loes C. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionHuman pregnancy is considered term from 37+0/7 to 41+6/7 weeks. Within this range, both maternal, fetal and neonatal risks may vary considerably. This study investigates how gestational age per week is related to the components of perinatal mortality and parameters of adverse neonatal and maternal outcome at term.Material and MethodsA registry‐based study was made of all singleton term pregnancies in the Netherlands from January 2014 to December 2017. Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality, as components of perinatal mortality, were defined as primary outcomes; adverse neonatal and maternal events as secondary outcomes. Neonatal adverse outcomes included birth trauma, 5‐minute Apgar score ≤3, asphyxia, respiratory insufficiency, neonatal intensive care unit admission and composite neonatal outcome. Maternal adverse outcomes included instrumental vaginal birth, emergency cesarean section, obstetric anal sphincter injury, postpartum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and composite maternal outcome. The primary outcomes were evaluated by comparing weekly prospective risks of stillbirth and neonatal death using a fetuses‐at‐risk approach. Secondly, odds ratios (OR) for perinatal mortality, adverse neonatal and maternal outcome using a births‐based approach were compared for each gestational week with all births occurring after that week.ResultsData of 581 443 births were analyzed. At 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42 weeks, the respective weekly prospective risks of stillbirth were 0.015%, 0.022%, 0.031%, 0.036%, 0.069% and 0.081%; the respective weekly prospective risks of early neonatal death were 0.051%, 0.047%, 0.032%, 0.031%, 0.039% and 0.035%. The OR for adverse neonatal outcomes were the lowest at 39 and 40 weeks. The OR for adverse maternal outcomes, including operative birth, continuously increased with each gestational week.ConclusionsThe prospective risk of early neonatal death for babies born at 39 weeks is lower than the risk of stillbirth in pregnancies continuing beyond 39+6/7 weeks. Birth at 39 weeks was associated with the best combined neonatal and maternal outcome, fewer operative births and fewer maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes compared with pregnancies continuing beyond 39 weeks. This information with appropriate perspectives should be included when counseling term pregnant women.
Percutaneous oxygenated right ventricular assist device for pulmonary embolism: A case series
Authors: Lee Teresa M. L. , Bianchi Paolo , Kourliouros Antonios , Price Laura C. , Ledot Stephane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute right ventricular (RV) failure following massive pulmonary embolism (PE) can have significant hemodynamic consequences and is the mode of death. Temporary mechanical circulatory support can provide tissue perfusion required while thrombectomy or lysis‐aimed therapies act to relieve the thrombotic obstruction. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) has conventionally been the first line MCS. A more selective approach to RV support has been advocated in the form of an extracorporeal right ventricular assist device (RVAD) as it mitigates some of the shortcomings of V‐A ECMO. We present the first case series of four patients who received fully percutaneous RVAD, with an integrated oxygenator forming an Oxy‐RVAD, for selective right heart support following massive PE, including the application of single‐access dual‐lumen right atrium to pulmonary artery cannula. All patients achieved RV recovery and were successfully weaned from oxy‐RVAD support within 5–10 days demonstrating the feasibility of selective percutaneous right heart support in managing these challenging patients.
The evolution of pharmacovigilance ecosystems: Does Moore's law invite the use of Occam's razor?
Authors: Mueller Marion , Lewis David J. , Alexe Amalia 
Published: October 2022

AimsMoore's law predicts the doubling of complexity of integrated circuits every 2 years; Kryder's corollary assumes a doubling of data storage every 13 months. With the increasing volume of legislation, pharmacovigilance systems today are inherently complex, and the emphasis has shifted from reactive (responding to emerging risks) to planned, active, risk‐proportionate approaches operating throughout the life cycle of medicines.MethodsExploration of the drivers for increasing complexity of pharmacovigilance systems, focusing on regulatory environment, data management and evaluation.ResultsEvaluation of postmarketing data plays an increasingly important role in pharmacovigilance. There is great interest on the part of all stakeholders in optimizing the use of these data. Innovative approaches, including pharmacogenetics and passive measures (sensors), will lead to increased complexity and volumes of data and inevitably to an increase in the volume of case reports. There is a multiplicity of regulations and guidelines on how to manage these data, with an inherent lack of harmonization.ConclusionWe summarize the current characterization of safety data types, sources and the classification of these data. Using this benchmark, we discuss the future requirements of an effective pharmacovigilance ecosystem, keeping the principle of parsimony in mind. In this complex, continuously and rapidly changing environment, there is a need for a return to simplicity and pragmatism. The application of Occam's razor could help to support the rapid provision of new, affordable medicines with a positive benefit to risk profile.
Clinical significance of mitochondrial DNA content in acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Authors: Pereira‐Martins Diego A. , Coelho‐Silva Juan L. , Weinhäuser Isabel , Franca‐Neto Pedro L. , Silveira Douglas R. , Ortiz César , Moreira‐Aguiar Amanda , Lima Marinus M. , Koury Luisa C. , de Melo Raul A. , Glória Ana B. , Fagundes Evandro M. , Lino Bruno K. , Pagnano Katia , Bittencourt Rosane , Nunes Elenaide , Traina Fabiola , Figueiredo‐Pontes Lorena , Keating Armand , Tallman Martin S. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Dilon Richard , Ganser Arnold , Sanz Miguel A. , Berliner Nancy , Valk Peter , Löwenberg Bob , Ottone Tiziana , Noguera Nelida I. , Voso Maria T. , Paoloni Francesca , Fazi Paola , Ammatuna Emanuele , Huls Gerwin , Schuringa Jan Jacob , Rego Eduardo M. , Lucena‐Araujo Antonio R. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryAlthough a growing body of evidence demonstrates that altered mtDNA content (mtDNAc) has clinical implications in several types of solid tumours, its prognostic relevance in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) patients remains largely unknown. Here, we show that patients with higher‐than‐normal mtDNAc had better outcomes regardless of tumour burden. These results were more evident in patients with low‐risk of relapse. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that high mtDNAc was independently associated with a decreased cumulative incidence of relapse. Altogether, our data highlights the possible role of mitochondrial metabolism in APL patients treated with ATRA.
Secondary fusion proteins as a mechanism of BCR::ABL1 kinase‐independent resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Barnes Evan J. , Eide Christopher A. , Kaempf Andy , Bottomly Daniel , Romine Kyle A. , Wilmot Beth , Saunders Dominick , McWeeney Shannon K. , Tognon Cristina E. , Druker Brian J. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryDrug resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) may occur via mutations in the causative BCR::ABL1 fusion or BCR::ABL1‐independent mechanisms. We analysed 48 patients with BCR::ABL1‐independent resistance for the presence of secondary fusion genes by RNA sequencing. We identified 10 of the most frequently detected secondary fusions in 21 patients. Validation studies, cell line models, gene expression analysis and drug screening revealed differences with respect to proliferation rate, differentiation and drug sensitivity. Notably, expression of RUNX1::MECOM led to resistance to ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors in vitro. These results suggest secondary fusions contribute to BCR::ABL1‐independent resistance and may be amenable to combined therapies.
We need to talk about trauma: Integrating trauma‐informed practice into the family law classroom
Authors: Katz Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe reality of law schools being hotbeds of toxic stress is not new. Most law schools already have instituted student wellness initiatives focused on supporting students through the rigors of law school, and spotting outside stressors which impact students' legal education and providing support. While these initiatives are crucial, lessons about healthy boundaries, combating toxic stress and the role of trauma, need to be further integrated into law school curricula. The field of trauma‐informed practice presents a rich set of tools from which to accomplish these goals. While trauma‐informed practice has implications for all of legal education, the focus of this essay is on the teaching of family law. Law school family law courses create an ideal platform for incorporating a trauma‐informed perspective and introducing law students to trauma‐ informed skills. While some law school clinics introduce and implement principles of trauma‐informed practice to law students, it is less common that trauma‐informed practice is introduced through traditional doctrinal or skills classes. This article will explore how an understanding of trauma and trauma‐informed practice can inform how family law courses are taught in United States law schools.
Creating opportunities to “prepare, perform, and reflect” in a doctrinal family law course
Authors: Nussbaum Lydia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article details “why” and “how to” use in‐depth lawyering simulations in a doctrinal Family Law course. Students are placed in‐role as lawyers engaged in a specific lawyering task: negotiating a divorce settlement on behalf of a client, representing a client in a child custody mediation, and interviewing and counseling a client to revise a draft premarital agreement. Incorporating these intensive lawyering simulations into a doctrinal course advances numerous pedagogical and curricular goals. The article explains the instructional design for each simulation, from assignments and assessment to legal doctrine, specific lawyering skills introduced, and structured reflection and debrief.
Doctrine, experiential learning, and client‐centered lawyering: Teaching family law in a post‐pandemic world
Authors: Rogus Caroline , Tsoukala Philomila 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe restrictions of pandemic teaching served as a catalyst for the authors' integration of the skills‐based and client‐centered teaching. Their refurbished models of teaching family law aspire to capture the needs of under‐ and un‐represented populations of society, build students' lawyering skills including “soft” skills like client interviewing, contemplate what a satisfying career in family law could look like, and deliver instruction on the theoretical underpinnings of the law governing the creation and dissolution of familial units. The article summarizes the authors' methods for incorporating such “hands‐on” learning into our classes, and demonstrates how these ideas are malleable enough to work in in‐person, remote, concurrent, asynchronous, and synchronous classes.
Chemotaxonomic responses of autotrophic periphyton communities to nutrient additions in pools of an intermittent stream
Authors: Iles Jordan A. , Pettit Neil E. , Cawthray Greg , Grierson Pauline F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe algal groups present in periphyton communities form an important base of autochthonous food webs in freshwater streams. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are key macronutrients in aquatic systems. Excess nutrients benefit some algal groups over others.We paired a nutrient‐diffusing substrata limitation experiment with high performance liquid chromatography to (a) identify which nutrient(s) limit periphyton production, and (b) how the periphyton biomass and community structure changes between isolated pools of differing hydrological characteristics along an intermittent dryland stream.Unique peaks for 21 pigments were identified and matched with published values. We then produced a PERMANOVA model using pigment ratios and CHEMTAX analysis to explore changes in community structure resulting from nutrient addition.Periphyton communities in these pools were co‐limited by N and P. Nitrogen additions caused the periphyton to shift from diatom‐ to chlorophyte‐dominated community structure and benefited cyanophyta growth. Phosphorus additions reduced the relative proportion of diatoms and also resulted in an increase in pheophoribide‐a, a pigment indicative of cell lysis, demonstrating a detrimental impact of P additions.Outcomes of this study show that when adding nutrient to a system there may be subtle shifts in community composition which can be telescoped up the food web regardless of the system's nutrient status.
Interspecific variation in the response of fish to anthropogenic noise
Authors: Stasso Jacob J. , Pieniazek Rachel H. , Higgs Dennis M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Elevated levels of anthropogenic noise, especially those observed through boating activity, can negatively impact fish species, but it remains unclear which species are most affected and which behavioural metrics are best used in assessing fish responses to underwater noise. The effects of boat sounds on freshwater species are of particular interest because freshwater environments are less studied than the marine realm despite comparably high levels of biodiversity.

In the current study, we examine the behavioural responses to boat noise in two freshwater species that differ in their hypothesised response to sound inputs: the spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), a species with known hearing specialisations, and the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), a species with more generalised hearing capabilities. Fish were presented with boat noise in a laboratory setting, and their swimming, escape and foraging behaviours were assessed to examine differential responses in relation to hypothesised hearing abilities.

Both species showed a decrease in general swimming behaviours but an increase in erratic movements in response to boat noise, indicative of stress responses for both species. Despite the similarities in response based on swimming behaviours however, only spottail shiners exhibited true escape responses to the onset of the noise stimulus, suggesting a more extreme reaction in the species with a more refined hearing ability.

Taken together, these results show that freshwater fish can respond to increased levels of anthropogenic noise, but that the severity of the response may differ based on auditory structures and therefore presumed hearing ability. The differences seen between behavioural metrics used (swimming vs. escape responses) also demonstrate how care must be taken in choosing a metric when developing exposure guidelines for underwater sound exposures, as different metrics could lead to differential impact assessments.
Clinical evaluation of a novel molecular diagnosis kit for detecting Helicobacter pylori and clarithromycin‐resistant using intragastric fluid
Authors: Tsuda Momoko , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Oikawa Ritsuko , Watanabe Ryosuke , Higashino Masayuki , Kubo Kimitoshi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Itoh Fumio , Kato Mototsugu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there are many Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) diagnostic methods, the culture and antibiotic susceptibility test is an important method for selecting the most effective H. pylori eradication regimen. However, this diagnostic method is complicated and takes several days; therefore, the development of a rapid and simple diagnostic method is required. Eradication failure due to clarithromycin (CAM) resistance should also be considered. In this study, we report the clinical evaluation of point‐of‐care testing (POCT) kit using intragastric fluid, a novel kit for detecting H. pylori and CAM resistance.Materials and MethodsThe study participants were 143 patients suspected of H. pylori infection and had an endoscopic examination. The novel diagnostic kit diagnosed H. pylori infection and CAM resistance‐associated mutation using intragastric fluid. To diagnose H. pylori infection, the relationship between the diagnostic kit and conventional diagnostic methods (urea breath test, stool antigen test, culture test, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) was evaluated. For CAM resistance‐associated mutation detection, the concordance between the diagnostic kit and antibiotic susceptibility test was evaluated.ResultsThe diagnosis of H. pylori infection with the novel molecular diagnostic kit using intragastric fluid showed significant relationship with conventional diagnostic methods. Especially when the culture was control, the sensitivity was 100% (67/67), the specificity was 95.9% (71/74), and the overall concordance was 97.9% (138/141). The detection of CAM resistance‐associated mutations had a concordance rate of 97.0% (65/67) when compared with the antibiotic susceptibility test.ConclusionsThe H. pylori molecular POCT kit uses intragastric fluid as a sample and can diagnose H. pylori infection and detect CAM resistance‐associated mutations within an hour. This novel kit is expected to prove useful in selecting the most effective eradication regimen for H. pylori.
Novel biomarkers of acute kidney injury in chronic liver disease: Where do we stand after a decade of research?
Authors: Yewale Rohan Vijay , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan Siddartha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently encountered complication in decompensated chronic liver disease (CLD) with an estimated prevalence of 20%–50% among hospitalized patients. AKI often heralds the onset of a downhill course in the natural history of CLD. Serum creatinine has several limitations as a stand‐alone marker of AKI in patients with decompensated CLD. The concept of hepatorenal syndrome, the prototype of AKI in decompensated CLD, has evolved tremendously over recent years. There is emerging evidence of an additional “structural” component in the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome‐AKI, which was previously identified as a purely “functional” form of renal impairment. Lacunae in the existent biochemical arsenal for diagnosis and prognosis of AKI have fueled enthusiastic research in the field of novel biomarkers of kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis. The advent of these biomarkers provides a crucial window of opportunity to improve the diagnosis and clinical outcomes of this vulnerable cohort of patients. This review summarizes the dynamic concept of renal dysfunction in CLD and the available literature on the role of novel biomarkers of AKI in assessing renal function, identifying AKI subtypes, and predicting prognosis. There is special emphasis on the renal tubular injury marker, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, the most exhaustively studied biomarker of AKI in the CLD population.
Opinions from the experts: Experiences of adolescents with severe obesity participating in meal replacement therapy
Authors: Khayutin Sarah , Kelly Aaron S. , Fox Claudia K. , Ryder Justin R. , Gross Amy C. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundMeal replacement therapy (MRT) is a structured treatment that is effective for short‐term weight reduction in adolescents with severe obesity. However, like other interventions, MRT response is variable.ObjectiveThe goal of the current study was to characterize the experience of adolescents with severe obesity participating in MRT.MethodsSeventeen adolescents with severe obesity participated in semi‐structured, individual interviews about their experience participating in MRT. The authors used a biopsychosocial model as the theoretical framework and data was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. A biopsychosocial model views an individual's health as a blend of biological characteristics, behavioural factors, and social conditions.ResultsResults showed that adolescents with severe obesity described three biopsychosocial factors that were central to their experience with MRT: (1) scheduling and planning, (2) social support and pressure, and (3) intrapersonal factors. Specifically, adolescents with severe obesity identified that planning ahead, social support, and intrapersonal changes (e.g. self‐confidence) can promote engagement in MRT. On the other hand, unplanned schedule changes, social pressures, and different intrapersonal factors (e.g., taste preference) can make engagement challenging.ConclusionsAdolescents provided information on factors that supported or hindered their engagement in MRT, and themes were consistent with prior literature on health behaviour change. Overall, adolescents would recommend MRT to other teenagers who carry extra weight. Future research can use the rich information provided by adolescents with severe obesity to enhance and individualize treatment options.
Medication use and hospital‐acquired acute kidney injury: an electronic health record‐based study
Authors: Li Ling , Baker Jannah , Rathnayake Kasun , Kotwal Sradha , Westbrook Johanna I. , Day Richard , Endre Zoltan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsMedications remain an important contributor to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to examine associations between (i) administration of medications known to reduce glomerular filtration rate (GFR), that is, GFR modifiers and subsequent hospital‐acquired AKI; and (ii) potentially medication‐related AKI and patient adverse outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study utilising electronic health record data of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Australia in 2015. Timing of medication administration was compared with timing of AKI development. AKI cases were identified using an algorithm based on serum creatinine level changes. Multilevel regression models were applied with adjustment for relevant demographic and clinical factors.ResultsAmong 11 503 admissions, AKI was identified in 955 patients (8.3%) and 637 (66.7% of 955) were preceded by administration of a GFR modifier. Patients without prior AKI were 17% more likely to develop AKI after administration of these medications (adjusted odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003–1.37). Older age and comorbidity with diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, liver cirrhosis and multiple myeloma were also significant predictors. Patients with potentially medication‐related AKI were 11.69 times more likely to die in hospital (95% CI 7.84–17.43) and stayed 3.49 times longer in hospital (95% CI 3.26–3.73), compared with those without AKI.ConclusionsAdministration of medications contributing to the reduction of GFR is associated with an increased risk of hospital‐acquired AKI and worse patient outcomes. Caution is required when prescribing these medications to patients at risk of developing AKI, and monitoring patients for deterioration is needed if administered.