bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of COMSOL software for modeling and simulation of copper removal in a dynamic mode on a new biowaste
Authors: Turkman Meriem , Moulai‐Mostefa Nadji , Bouras Omar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this investigation is to model the results related to biosorption using COMSOL (Multiphysics 4.3a), and to solve the advection‐dispersion equation by using both linear and Langmuir models. A bidimensional model was then proposed to study the mass transfer in the process of copper ions sorption in a dynamic mode on cider vinegar residues. Sorption tests were realized by evaluating the influence of flow rate (0.75, 1, and 2.65 ml min−1), bed height (3.5, 7 and 8.5 cm), and copper initial concentration (169 and 300 mg L−1). For all cases, the mathematical formulation was solved by assuming that the column is homogeneous and the sorption is instantaneous. The corresponding results were exploited through breakthrough curve profiles, where it was shown that the solutions obtained by the “Langmuir COMSOL” model coincide with the experimental values. In contrast, the linear model has been unable to fit them. The optimal results were analyzed by Thomas, Adam‐Bohart Yoon Nelson, and Ogata‐Bank models, which proves that the Thomas method is well adapted with a satisfactory correlation coefficient (0.93). Further, the model validation was performed by determining the residual root mean square error, which was found less than 0.3, thereby indicating a reasonable concordance between the estimated and experimental points. The high sorption capacity obtained was around of 41.37 mg g−1, which suggests that the cider vinegar residues can be exploited as a low‐cost, available, and effective sorbent biomass in the field of the treatment of industrial effluents.Practitioner Points

Cider vinegar residues (CVR) as low cost biosorbent were studied for continuous biosorption.
A successful COMSOL model was proposed and validated.
CVR is an effective biosorbent for copper fixed bed biosorption.
High sorption capacity was around of 41.37 mg g−1 under optimal conditions.
Electron shake probability for arbitrary shell
Authors: Mukoyama Takeshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGeneral expressions for electron shakeup and shakeoff probabilities of arbitrary atomic shells under the sudden change in central potential have been obtained in the sudden approximation by the use of non‐relativistic hydrogenic wave functions. The matrix elements for the shakeup and shakeoff processes are expressed analytically in the similar form in terms of the Gauss‐type hypergeometric functions. Many‐electron effect is taken into account through the screened hydrogenic model and the effect of the screening constants is examined. It is found that the shakeup and total shakeoff probabilities can be written in universal form by the use of a single parameter. The dependence of the shake probabilities on this parameter is discussed.
The Global Context of Public Policy
Authors: Jonyo Fred 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter deals with the global context of public policy making, especially the influence of globalization on public policy making in Africa. It provides a precise and conceptually focused definitions of globalization and public policy. It addresses the emergence of global institutions of governance, international conventions, global policies and their diffusion and influence on national policy making around the world. It takes us around the debates around policy paradigms in the study of the public policy choice and policy change. It examines influence of global policy paradigms on national public policy making in Africa, with illustrations drawn from Republic of Kenya. It therefore identifies and discusses the competing forces of both internal and external factors that influence public policy making in Africa.
Policy Analysis and Innovation: Why the Humanities and the Social Sciences Matter for Social Transformation in Africa
Authors: Aina Tade Akin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the nature of social science research as it has evolved historically in Africa within the colonial context. It examines the linkages between social science research institutions and the policy processes, providing a discussion of a variety of techniques for policy analysis. It draws on research to map the debate around these connections and the ongoing quest to promote innovation and achieve an uptake in evidence-informed policy making across Africa.
Political Economy of Public Policy
Authors: Sha Dung Pam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter explains public policy making and implementation from a political economy perspective. It is argued that the making and implementation of public policy is enveloped in contestations and bargaining between interest groups with competing claims over rights and resources. The use and control of political power helps shape the direction and class character of public policy. The policy outcomes help to further reproduce the position of the ruling class in control of the state apparatus. This chapter examines the concepts of political economy and public policy, and discusses some of the variants of political economy and how each conceives of public policy making process and implementation. The chapter further discusses the role of political economy in problem-solving and finally, how political economy approaches evidence in public policy research.
Low-Code Internet of Things Application Development for Edge Analytics
Authors: Chaudhary Hafiz Ahmad Awais , Guevara Ivan , John Jobish , Singh Amandeep , Margaria Tiziana , Pesch Dirk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) applications combined with edge analytics are increasingly developed and deployed across a wide range of industries by engineers who are non-expert software developers. In order to enable them to build such IoT applications, we apply low-code technologies in this case study based on Model Driven Development. We use two different frameworks: DIME for the application design and implementation of IoT and edge aspects as well as analytics in R, and Pyrus for data analytics in Python, demonstrating how such engineers can build innovative IoT applications without having the full coding expertise. With this approach, we develop an application that connects a range of heterogeneous technologies: sensors through the EdgeX middleware platform with data analytics and web based configuration applications. The connection to data analytics pipelines can provide various kinds of information to the application users. Our innovative development approach has the potential to simplify the development and deployment of such applications in industry.
Moments for positivity: using Drell-Yan data to test positivity bounds and reverse-engineer new physics
Authors: Li Xu , Mimasu Ken , Yamashita Kimiko , Yang Chengjie , Zhang Cen , Zhou Shuang-Yong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Moments of the leptonic angular distribution in the Drell-Yan process have recently been shown to be sensitive probes of a specific class of dimension-8, four-fermion operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, involving a pair of quarks and leptons. The same operators are also subject to positivity bounds, when requiring the associated (unknown) UV completion to obey basic principles of quantum field theory. We perform a phenomenological study to quantify the sensitivity of the high-luminosity LHC to this set of operators and, by extension, the positivity bounds. We further extend the angular basis of moments and consider double differential information to improve the ability to disentangle the different operators, leading to a sensitivity to new physics scales up to 3 TeV. We use this information to explore the violation of positivity at the LHC as a way to test the underlying principles of quantum field theory. Finally, we present a case study which combines our results with information from other (current and prospective) experiments, as well as the positivity cone to infer the properties of possible tree-level UV completions. The data lead to robust, model-independent lower bounds on the $$ M/\sqrt{g} $$
M
/

g

combination of the particle mass and coupling, for states that couple to right-handed leptons and/or up quarks.
Homotopic Distance and Generalized Motion Planning
Authors: Macías-Virgós Enrique , Mosquera-Lois David , Pereira-Sáez María José 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe prove that the homotopic distance between two maps defined on a manifold is bounded above by the sum of their subspace distances on the critical submanifolds of any Morse–Bott function. This generalizes the Lusternik–Schnirelmann theorem (for Morse functions) and a similar result by Farber for the topological complexity. Analogously, we prove that, for analytic manifolds, the homotopic distance is bounded by the sum of the subspace distances on any submanifold and its cut locus. As an application, we show how navigation functions can be used to solve a generalized motion planning problem.
An Arad and Fisman’s Theorem on Products of Conjugacy Classes Revisited
Authors: Beltrán Antonio , Felipe María José , Melchor Carmen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA theorem of Z. Arad and E. Fisman establishes that if A and B are two non-trivial conjugacy classes of a finite group G such that either $$AB=A\cup B$$

A
B
=
A
∪
B

or $$AB=A^{-1} \cup B$$

A
B
=

A

-
1

∪
B

, then G cannot be a non-abelian simple group. We demonstrate that, in fact, $$\langle A\rangle = \langle B\rangle $$

⟨
A
⟩
=
⟨
B
⟩

is solvable, the elements of A and B are p-elements for some prime p, and $$\langle A\rangle $$

⟨
A
⟩

is p-nilpotent. Moreover, under the second assumption, it turns out that $$A=B$$

A
=
B

. This research is done by appealing to recently developed techniques and results that are based on the Classification of Finite Simple Groups.
Perioperative outcome of minimally invasive stabilisation of bilateral fragility fractures of the sacrum: a comparative study of bisegmental transsacral stabilisation versus spinopelvic fixation
Authors: Mendel Thomas , Ullrich Bernhard W. , Schenk Philipp , Hofmann Gunther Olaf , Goehre Felix , Schwan Stefan , Brakopp Florian , Klauke Friederike 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pelvic fragility fractures have steadily risen over the past decades. The primary treatment goal is the fastest possible mobilisation. If conservative therapy fails, surgical fixation is a promising approach. This study compares the outcome of bisegmental transsacral stabilisation (BTS) and spinopelvic fixation (SP) as minimally invasive techniques for bilateral fragility fractures of the sacrum (BFFS).

Methods
We performed a prospective, non-randomised, case-controlled study. Patients were included if they remained bedridden due to pain despite conservative treatment. Group assignment depended on sacral anatomy and fracture type. The outcome was estimated by blood loss calculation, cut-seam time, fluoroscopy time, complications, duration of stay at the intensive/intermediate care unit (ICU/IMC), and total inpatient stay. The mobility level at discharge was recorded.

Results
Seventy-three patients were included (SP: 49, BTS: 24). There was no difference in blood loss (BTS: 461 ± 628 mL, SP: 509 ± 354 mL). BTS showed a significantly lower cut-seam time (72 ± 23 min) than SP (94 ± 27 min). Fluoroscopy time did not differ (BTS: 111 ± 61 s vs. 103 ± 45 s). Thirteen percent of BTS and 16% of SP patients required ICU/IMC stay (BTS: 0.6 ± 1.8 days, SP: 0.5 ± 1.5 days) during inpatient stay (BTS: 9 ± 4 days, SP: 8 ± 3 days). Fourteen patients suffered from urinary tract infections (BTS: 8%; SP: 25%). In-patient mortality was low (BTS: 4.2%, SP: 4.1%). At discharge, the BTS group was almost back to the initial mobility level. In SP patients, mobility was significantly lower than before complaints (p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Both methods allow early mobilization of BFFS patients. Blood loss can be kept low. Hence, transfusion requirement is correspondingly low. The IMC/ICU and the total inpatient stay are lower than reported in the literature. Both BTS and SP can be recommended as safe and low-complication methods for use in BFFS patients. BTS is superior to SP with respect to surgery duration and level of mobility at discharge.
Total Msplit estimation
Authors: Wiśniewski Zbigniew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMsplit estimation is a method that enables the estimation of mutually competing versions of parameters in functional observation models. In the presented study, the classical functional models found in it are replaced by errors-in-variables (EIV) models. Similar to the weighted total least-squares (WTLS) method, the random components of these models were assigned covariance matrix models. Thus, the proposed method, named Total Msplit (TMsplit) estimation, corresponds to the basic rules of WTLS. TMsplit estimation objective function is constructed using the components of squared Msplit and WTLS estimation objective functions. The TMsplit estimation algorithm is based on the Gauss–Newton method that is applied using a linear approximation of EIV models. The basic properties of the method are presented using examples of the estimation of regression line parameters and the estimation of parameters in a two-dimensional affine transformation.
Emerging photonic technologies for cultural heritage studies: the examples of non-linear optical microscopy and photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Filippidis George , Tserevelakis George J. , Mari Meropi , Zacharakis Giannis , Fotakis Costas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe availability of non-invasive technologies, which can be used separately or in combination for obtaining chemical composition data and structural information of Cultural Heritage (CH) materials, is of prime importance for improving the understanding the environmental or ageing impact on monuments and artefacts and defining optimal strategies for their conservation. This paper overviews and assesses the potential of two emerging photonic technologies, the Non-linear Optical Microscopy (NLOM) and Photoacoustic (PA) imaging modalities, for a variety of diagnostic applications in preservation science. These techniques, which are well-established in biomedical research, during the last few years have been also investigated as non-invasive tools for the in-depth, high-resolution analysis of various CH objects, including paintings, documents and murals. We discuss on the applicability of these diagnostic optical methods to obtain precise stratigraphic information in artefacts, evaluating additionally the presence and the extent of potential morphological or chemical changes in several CH materials due to ageing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the contrast complementarity of NLOM and PA imaging provides invaluable insights into the structural integrity of an artwork, which can be subsequently utilized for the early and accurate detection of depth degradation effects.
Morphological comparison of the detailed structure of gill rakers from three different feeding habits of marine fish species
Authors: Alsafy Mohamed A. M. , El-Gendy Samir A. A. , El-Bakary Neveen E. R. , Kamal Basma M. , Derbalah Amira , Roshdy Karam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe feeding habits and habitat of different fish species influence the morphology and functions of their gill rakers. This study used gross anatomy and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the morphological features of the gill rakers in Siganus luridus, Boops boops, and Pagrus pagrus. The gill rakers appeared as medial and lateral rows in all studied fishes. Except for Pagrus pagrus, which had a unique gill rakers arrangement in which the medial row of the 4th gill arch had the most gill rakers, the longest and most gill rakers were on the 1st gill arch in all studied fishes. The gill rakers of Siganus luridus were smooth, with various spine-like shapes, such as spine-like gill rakers, which were bifid or trifid spines, or duck toe-shaped gill rakers. According to SEM of the Siganus luridus' gill rakers, the trifid end gill rakers resembled caterpillars, and the duck toe-like gill rakers had three or four finger-like spines connected by inter-spine tissue. The Boops boops had long conical gill rakers with pointed ends on the lateral sides of the 1st gill arch, and the remaining rows had short gill rakers. According to SEM of the Boops boops' gill rakers, the long gill rakers were semi-conical and only had needle-like spines on the medial surface. The short gill rakers were projected as a boat and had three different shapes based on spine distributions. Gill rakers include those with a median crest and long spine laterals, those with only lateral spines, those with usually dorsal spines, and those with long wedge-shaped spines. Pagrus pagrus’ gill rakers were short, with fine-needle spines covering their tops. By SEM of the Pagrus pagrus' gill rakers, they appeared as a cylindrical elevation with spines on top. The spines were conical in shape with pointed curved or straight ends. The maximum value of the gill rakers’ lengths was discovered in the lateral row of the 1st gill arch, while the minimum value was in the medial row of the 4th gill arch. As a result, this is the first study of the three fish species' gill rakers. In the studied fishes, the morphological characteristics of gill rakers demonstrated unique structural specifications in feeding behavior.
Control of parallelized bioreactors I: dynamic scheduling software for efficient bioprocess management in high-throughput systems
Authors: Bromig Lukas , von den Eichen Nikolas , Weuster-Botz Dirk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe shift towards high-throughput technologies and automation in research and development in industrial biotechnology is highlighting the need for increased automation competence and specialized software solutions. Within bioprocess development, the trends towards miniaturization and parallelization of bioreactor systems rely on full automation and digital process control. Thus, mL-scale, parallel bioreactor systems require integration into liquid handling stations to perform a range of tasks stretching from substrate addition to automated sampling and sample analysis. To orchestrate these tasks, the authors propose a scheduling software to fully leverage the advantages of a state-of-the-art liquid handling station (LHS) and to enable improved process control and resource allocation. Fixed sequential order execution, the norm in LHS software, results in imperfect timing of essential operations like feeding or Ph control and execution intervals thereof, that are unknown a priori. However, the duration and control of, e.g., the feeding task and their frequency are of great importance for bioprocess control and the design of experiments. Hence, a software solution is presented that allows the orchestration of the respective operations through dynamic scheduling by external LHS control. With the proposed scheduling software, it is possible to define a dynamic process control strategy based on data-driven real-time prioritization and transparent, user-defined constraints. Drivers for a commercial 48 parallel bioreactor system and the related sensor equipment were developed using the SiLA 2 standard greatly simplifying the integration effort. Furthermore, this paper describes the experimental hardware and software setup required for the application use case presented in the second part.
Risk of gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinoma following discontinuation of long-term proton-pump inhibitor therapy
Authors: Holmberg Dag , Mattsson Fredrik , Xie Shaohua , Ness-Jensen Eivind , El-Serag Hashem , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
There is uncertainty whether long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors can cause gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). This study aimed to determine how discontinuation of long-term PPI therapy influences the risk of GAC and OAC.

Methods
This population-based cohort study included all long-term users of PPI therapy in Sweden in 2005–2018 was based on Swedish nationwide health registry data. The exposure was discontinuation of long-term PPI therapy, defined as no dispensation of PPI following inclusion and used as a time-varying variable, compared to remaining on PPI. Main outcomes were GAC and OAC, while oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was included as a comparison outcome. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CI adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, NSAIDs/aspirin, and statins were calculated with Poisson regression.

Results
Among 730,176 long-term PPI users (mean age 65.6 years, 58.4% females) with 4,210,925 person-years at risk (median 5.5 person-years), 439,390 (60.2%) discontinued PPIs. In total, 495 developed GAC, 598 OAC, and 188 developed OSCC. PPI discontinuation was associated with decreased risk of GAC (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67–0.98) and OAC (IRR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.96), but not OSCC (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 0.82–1.49) compared to continued PPI use. Stratified analyses showed decreased point estimates across most age categories and both sexes for GAC and OAC risk among participants discontinuing PPI therapy.

Conclusion
Discontinuation of long-term PPI therapy may decrease the risk of GAC and OAC, suggesting that physicians should consider ceasing prescribing long-term PPI in patients without continued indication for its use.
Intravenous thrombolysis in CADASIL: report of two cases and a systematic review
Authors: Pescini Francesca , Torricelli Sara , Squitieri Martina , Giacomucci Giulia , Poggesi Anna , Puca Emanuele , Bianchi Silvia , Ragno Michele , Pantoni Leonardo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetic small vessel disease responsible for recurrent ischemic strokes, often with a progressive course leading to dementia and disability. On MRI, lacunes, microbleeds, and severe white matter alterations are typical features of the disease. In case of acute stroke, because of the bleeding risk associated with the disease and the doubtful efficacy of fibrinolytic treatment in a disease with poor evidence of thrombosis, the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis remains unproven. Nevertheless, stroke is a frequent occurrence in CADASIL patients, and clinicians not unlikely may face in the emergency room the situation of a CADASIL patient with an acute stroke within the time window for thrombolysis.

Objective
We report on two CADASIL patients treated with intravenous alteplase for acute ischemic stroke, and we present a review of literature aimed to report epidemiological data, efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis in CADASIL patients.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of medical literature published until August 2, 2022. Case reports and series in English language reporting on CADASIL patients and acute stroke were included.

Results
Both patients were treated with intravenous thrombolysis without complications and had a good clinical outcome. The systematic review identified three case reports of CADASIL patients who were treated with intravenous alteplase for acute ischemic stroke; no bleedings complications were described.

Conclusions
Available data on intravenous thrombolysis in CADASIL patients are scarce but suggest that this treatment can be taken into consideration for these patients.