bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digestion behavior of a polysaccharide from Cyclina sinensis: An explanation for the discrepancy in its immunostimulatory activities in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhou Youxian , Gong Yue , Liu Zhengqi , Wang Lilong , Ai Chunqing , Wen Chengrong , Zhu Taihai , Song Shuang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough numerous polysaccharides have demonstrated potential immunostimulatory activities in in vitro models, only a few of them successfully stimulate the immune system in vivo. In order to explore the possible reasons for the activity loss of polysaccharides in in vivo models, the immunostimulatory activities in vitro and in vivo and the digestion behavior of a polysaccharide from Cyclina sinensis (CSP) were investigated in the present study. CSP showed obvious immunostimulatory activity in a RAW 264.7 cell model. In in vitro experiment, CSP did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations of ≤10 µg/ml, and significantly increased NO production at concentrations of 0.4–10 µg/ml, suggesting CSP processes immunostimulatory activity in vitro. Further investigation using simulated digestion model indicated that CSP could bind with the protein in the digestive fluids to form precipitate in both the stomach and small intestine, and it could be seriously degraded by amylase during the digestion in the small intestine. Furthermore, the in vivo immunostimulatory activity evaluation demonstrated CSP had no effect on immunosuppressed mice as indicated by the body weight, thymus and spleen indexes, and TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐10 mRNA expression. Thus, the present study indicates that the degradation and precipitation of CSP in the digestive tract are the possible reasons for the activity loss of CSP after digestion.Practical ApplicationCyclina sinensis is the common aquatic shellfish in China and plays an important role in the marine aquaculture industry. Cyclina sinensis polysaccharide (CSP) is the main active component of C. sinensis. The structure characterization and immunostimulatory activity of a purified fraction of CSP (CSP‐1) and the effect of digestion on CSP and its immunostimulatory activity were studied. The result of this study promotes the understanding of the nutritional function effects and provides a scientific reference for the rational development and high‐value utilization of C. sinensis.
A global assessment of research on urban ecology of reptiles: patterns, gaps and future directions
Authors: Brum P. H. R. , Gonçalves S. R. A. , Strüssmann C. , Teixido A. L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobal urban expansion has multiple impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Still, urban centres may play an important role in the conservation of reptiles, an undersampled, megadiverse and unevenly distributed group especially vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts. However, major gaps in research on the urban ecology of reptiles and species responses to urbanisation persist, which may limit our capacity to guide suitable conservation policies. We conducted a global systematic literature review to evaluate biogeographic, taxonomic and ecological research biases in the urban ecology of reptiles and ultimately to detect major gaps and steer future sampling efforts. Our database comprised 278 articles dealing with biological responses to urbanisation of 493 species across 45 countries, comprising 658 cases between a given species and specific biological response. Research on the urban ecology of reptiles was geographically and taxonomically biased. Developed countries within temperate regions were better sampled, whereas developing tropical and megadiverse countries were mostly undersampled or neglected. Among reptile orders, Testudines and Crocodylia were proportionally more studied than Squamata. Across lower groups within Squamata, lizards were present in most studies and were the biological model most commonly used. Studies evaluating biological responses associated with landscape‐level processes, behaviour and/or population dynamics were prevalent, whereas conservation, human–reptile conflicts and wildlife management were the least considered topics. Our results show that research on urban ecology of reptiles is unevenly distributed across regions and lineages. Overcoming these major gaps is an important step towards the improvement of the conservation of reptiles worldwide under the upcoming biodiversity loss scenario. Beyond spreading sampling efforts across undersampled countries, taxa and research topics to meet conservation objectives, we recommend more multidisciplinary approaches to evaluate and compare the actual performance of reptiles in urban environments and to achieve the equilibrium between human well‐being and species conservation.
Can we have our cake and eat it too? Corporate social responsibility and employees’ eudaimonic well‐being and performance
Authors: Cao Man , Zhao Shuming , Lv Hongjiang , Wei Danxia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhereas extant studies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) have documented various favorable individual outcomes, potential social effects of CSR beyond mere economic influences, such as employees’ eudaimonic well‐being, are often overlooked. Drawing on a sensemaking perspective, our research examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) leads to employees’ eudaimonic well‐being and enhances job performance. We used three‐source data covering senior managers and employees from 62 organizations to test our hypotheses. The results of the study show that CSR elicits employees’ perceived meaningfulness, which in turn contributes to employees’ eudaimonic well‐being as well as job performance. Furthermore, we found that when CEO’s humble leadership is high, CSR would function better on employees’ perceived meaningfulness. Overall, this study provides a nuanced understanding of CSR by examining when and how it can simultaneously facilitate employees’ eudaimonic well‐being and job performance. The findings also provide important suggestions and implications for organizational sustainability.
First‐line programmed death receptor‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade, combined with platinum‐based chemotherapy, for stage IV penile cancer
Authors: Yan Ru , Ma Huali , Jiang Lijuan , Guo Shengjie , Shi Yanxia , Sheng Xinan , Zhang Yijun , Spiess Philippe E. , Liu Tingyu , Xue Ting , Chen Xiaofeng , Li Zhiyong , An Xin , Yao Kai , Zhou Fangjian , Han Hui 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the anti‐tumour activity and safety of anti‐programmed death receptor‐1 (PD‐1) antibody plus epidermal growth factor receptor blockade combined with platinum‐based chemotherapy (PEP) as first‐line therapy for stage IV penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 17 patients with stage IV PSCC undergoing first‐line PEP at Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center between January 2018 and September 2021. Clinical responses were assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) version 1.1. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Adverse events (AEs) were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.ResultsOf 17 patients who received first‐line PEP, 13 were observed to have partial responses. Twelve patients subsequently received consolidated surgery. Nine of these achieved pN0 status, of whom six with locally advanced PSCC achieved pathological complete response. The median (range) follow‐up time was 24.87 (3.63–29.40) months. Median PFS and median OS were not reached, with 2‐year PFS and OS rates being 68.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 48.7–96.1) and 62.9% (95% CI 41.6–95), respectively. Eight patients experienced Grade 3 or 4 treatment‐related AEs. No Grade 5 AEs or death associated with treatment was observed.ConclusionsAnti‐PD‐1 antibody plus epidermal growth factor receptor blockade and platinum‐based chemotherapy showed promising anti‐tumour activity, acceptable toxicity, and satisfying long‐term survival for stage IV PSCC. Larger clinical trials are needed to validate our findings.
Semantic maturation during the comprehension‐expression gap in late and typical talkers
Authors: Jiménez Eva , Hills Thomas T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of semantic maturation on early lexical development by examining the impact of contextual diversity—known to influence semantic development—on word promotion from receptive to productive vocabularies (i.e., comprehension‐expression gap). Study 1 compares the vocabularies of 3685 American‐English‐speaking typical talkers (TTs) and late talkers (LTs; 16–30 months old; 1257 females, 1021 gender unknown; ethnicity unknown; data downloaded in 2018) and finds that LTs, with a longer preverbal phase, produced nouns with lower contextual diversity (R2 = .80), but verbs with higher contextual diversity (R2 = .13). Study 2 compares computational network growth models of semantic maturation and finds that verbs require more semantic maturation than nouns, and TTs produce words that are more semantically mature than LTs.
Evaluation of artificial intelligence models for the detection of asymmetric keratoconus eyes using Scheimpflug tomography
Authors: Xu Zhe , Feng Ruiwei , Jin Xiuming , Hu Heping , Ni Shuang , Xu Wen , Zheng Xiangshang , Wu Jian , Yao Ke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate artificial intelligence (AI) models based on objective indices and raw corneal data from the Scheimpflug Pentacam HR system (OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) for the detection of clinically unaffected eyes in patients with asymmetric keratoconus (AKC) eyes.MethodsA total of 1108 eyes of 1108 patients were enrolled, including 430 eyes from normal control subjects, 231 clinically unaffected eyes from patients with AKC, and 447 eyes from keratoconus (KC) patients. Eyes were divided into a training set (664 eyes), a test set (222 eyes) and a validation set (222 eyes). AI models were built based on objective indices (XGBoost, LGBM, LR and RF) and entire corneal raw data (KerNet). The discriminating performances of the AI models were evaluated by accuracy and the area under the ROC curve (AUC).ResultsThe KerNet model showed great overall discriminating power in the test (accuracy = 94.67%, AUC = 0.985) and validation (accuracy = 94.12%, AUC = 0.990) sets, which were higher than the index‐derived AI models (accuracy = 84.02%–86.98%, AUC = 0.944–0.968). In the test set, the KerNet model demonstrated good diagnostic power for the AKC group (accuracy = 95.24%, AUC = 0.984). The validation set also proved that the KerNet model was useful for AKC group diagnosis (accuracy = 94.12%, AUC = 0.983).ConclusionsKerNet outperformed all the index‐derived AI models. Based on the raw data of the entire cornea, KerNet was helpful for distinguishing clinically unaffected eyes in patients with AKC from normal eyes.
Peri‐implant tissue health and patient satisfaction of vertical versus inclined posterior implants used to support overdentures with bar attachments. A one‐year randomized trial
Authors: Ibrahim Christine Raouf Micheal , Awad SallySayed , Habib Ahmed Ali , Elsyad Moustafa Abdou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate peri‐implant tissue health and patient satisfaction of vertical and inclined posterior implants for mandibular bar overdentures.Materials and methodsThirty edentulous participants received four implants in the interforaminal area of the mandible. The patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups; (1) vertical group (control): all implants were inserted vertically parallel to each other. Inclined group (study): the anterior implants were placed vertically, and the posterior implants were tilted 30° distally. Hader bar attachment with two 7 mm‐distal cantilevers (vertical group) and without cantilevers (inclined group) was used to connect the implants to mandibular overdentures. Peri‐implant tissue health (Plaque [PL] and gingival [GI] indices, pocket depth [PD], and crestal bone loss [CBL]) were evaluated after denture insertion (T0), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) months after insertion. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a visual analog scale after 12 months.ResultsAt T12, the vertical group showed significantly higher PL, PD, and CBL than the inclined group for anterior (p < 0.037) and posterior (p < 0.017) implants. The vertical group showed significantly higher GI than the inclined group for anterior implants (p = 0.003), and the inclined group showed significantly higher GI than the vertical group for posterior implants (p = 0.016). The inclined group showed significantly higher scores for general satisfaction (p = 0.049), prosthesis as a part of you (p = 0.013), appearance (p < 0.001), stability (p = 0.002), ease of cleaning (p < 0.001), and comfort (p = 0.001) than the vertical group.ConclusionInclined posterior implants used to support mandibular bar overdentures are recommended than vertical implants, as it was associated with improved patient satisfaction and peri‐implant tissue health.
Building insights on true positives vs. false positives: Bayes’ rule
Authors: Robinson Alexander , Keller L. Robin , del Campo Cristina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 pandemic policies requiring disease testing provide a rich context to build insights on true positives versus false positives. Our main contribution to the pedagogy of data analytics and statistics is to propose a method for teaching updating of probabilities using Bayes’ rule reasoning to build understanding that true positives and false positives depend on the prior probability. Our instructional approach has three parts. First, we show how to construct and interpret raw frequency data tables, instead of using probabilities. Second, we use dynamic visual displays to develop insights and help overcome calculation avoidance or errors. Third, we look at graphs of positive predictive values and negative predictive values for different priors. The learning activities we use include lectures, in‐class discussions and exercises, breakout group problem solving sessions, and homework. Our research offers teaching methods to help students understand that the veracity of test results depends on the prior probability as well as helps students develop fundamental skills in understanding probabilistic uncertainty alongside higher‐level analytical and evaluative skills. Beyond learning to update the probability of having the disease given a positive test result, our material covers naïve estimates of the positive predictive value, the common mistake of ignoring the disease's base rate, debating the relative harm from a false positive versus a false negative, and creating a new disease test.
Firm life cycle and foreign direct investment spillover effect: The case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Vu Duong Hoang , Dehning Bruce , Pavelková Drahomíra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForeign Direct Investment (FDI) and the resulting spillover effects can be important for a country's development and economic growth. Using panel data from 2004 to 2019 in the Czech Republic's manufacturing industry, this paper finds the following. First, FDI firms generate positive horizontal labour effects and backward labour linkage on domestic firms. However, other hypothesized effects of FDI firms, such as horizontal and backward competition and the forward linkage of FDI, were not significant. Second, FDI firms at the mature and shakeout stage generate more spillover than those at the introduction and growth stage. There is no spillover impact on domestic firms by FDI firms at the decline stage. This is the first paper to examine the role of firm life cycle on the spillover effects of FDI.
Visual illusion susceptibility in autism: A neural model
Authors: Park Sangwook , Zikopoulos Basilis , Yazdanbakhsh Arash 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile atypical sensory perception is reported among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the underlying neural mechanisms of autism that give rise to disruptions in sensory perception remain unclear. We developed a neural model with key physiological, functional and neuroanatomical parameters to investigate mechanisms underlying the range of representations of visual illusions related to orientation perception in typically developed subjects compared to individuals with ASD. Our results showed that two theorized autistic traits, excitation/inhibition imbalance and weakening of top‐down modulation, could be potential candidates for reduced susceptibility to some visual illusions. Parametric correlation between cortical suppression, balance of excitation/inhibition, feedback from higher visual areas on one hand and susceptibility to a class of visual illusions related to orientation perception on the other hand provide the opportunity to investigate the contribution and complex interactions of distinct sensory processing mechanisms in ASD. The novel approach used in this study can be used to link behavioural, functional and neuropathological studies; estimate and predict perceptual and cognitive heterogeneity in ASD; and form a basis for the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
Attachment and family functioning across three generations
Authors: Smrtnik Vitulić Helena , Gosar David , Prosen Simona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study explores the transmission of attachment and family functioning across three generations. It is based on a sample of 460 female emerging adults (aged 18–26), their mothers (N = 440), fathers (N = 368), maternal grandmothers (N = 224), and maternal grandfathers (N = 113). Participants self‐assessed their attachment anxiety and avoidance using the Relationship Style Questionnaire and evaluated the functioning of their families of origin using the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scale–IV. The results reveal two mechanisms, both of which have a small but significant effect on the development of attachment across generations. The first operates via direct trans‐generational transmission of attachment from parent to child, mainly involving the mother–child dyad, while the second operates through primary family functioning, especially balanced family cohesion, but also enmeshment and chaos in the case of attachment avoidance. The findings highlight the importance of including content related to attachment and family functioning in intervention programs.
Perceptions and behaviour of pregnant women in socioeconomic deprivation in rural areas. A qualitative study in France
Authors: Cabaillot Aurélie , Lavarenne Marine , Vaure Chiffre Julie , Tessieres Frédéric , Vicard Olagne Mathilde , Laporte Catherine , Vorilhon Philippe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic deprivation (SED) is a risk factor for complications during pregnancy and childbirth, the impact of which has been studied poorly in rural areas.AimsTo explore the perceptions and behaviour of women living in SED in a rural area with regard to their pregnancy follow‐up.MethodsA qualitative study using semi‐structured individual interviews was carried out in a rural area in central France. To participate, the women had to have an Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Examination Centres deprivation score ≥ 30.17, be living in a rural area and have given birth during the month before the interview. The interviews were analysed using a thematic approach inspired by grounded theory.ResultsSeventeen women were interviewed. The difficulties of life in a rural area were linked to geographical remoteness, travel costs, lack of public services, inadequacy of nearby healthcare and social isolation. In all cases, pregnancy was an additional difficulty. The adaptive capability was related to the presence of an efficient family and social network. Most of the time, any increase in the limitations exceeded the ability to adapt and affected the medical follow‐up of the pregnancy, although follow‐up appointments were rarely abandoned altogether. Perceptions of birth preparation and parenting sessions were often limited to advice on pain management. Due to their affiliation with their rural area or their choice of lifestyle, the women complained only minimally.ConclusionWomen often minimize any limitations and implement adaptive techniques that make identification by social and medical services more difficult.Patient or Public ContributionEighteen women in SED were contacted by Childhood Medical Protection, midwives and general practitioners practising in rural areas. One woman declined participation and seventeen were interviewed.
Patient, family member and caregiver engagement in shaping policy for primary health care teams in three Canadian Provinces
Authors: Hirschkorn Peter , Rai Ashmita , Parniak Simone , Pritchard Caillie , Birdsell Judy , Montesanti Stephanie , Johnston Sharon , Donnelly Catherine , Oelke Nelly D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionImproving health services integration through primary health care (PHC) teams for patients with chronic conditions is essential to address their complex health needs and facilitate better health outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore if and how patients, family members, and caregivers were engaged or wanted to be engaged in developing, implementing and evaluating health policies related to PHC teams. This patient‐oriented research was carried out in three provinces across Canada: British Columbia, Alberta and Ontario.MethodsA total of 29 semi‐structured interviews with patients were conducted across the three provinces and data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree key themes were identified: motivation for policy engagement, experiences with policy engagement and barriers to engagement in policy. The majority of participants in the study wanted to be engaged in policy processes and advocate for integrated care through PHC teams. Barriers to patient engagement in policy, such as lack of opportunities for engagement, power imbalances, tokenism, lack of accessibility of engagement opportunities and experiences of racism and discrimination were also identified.ConclusionThis study increases the understanding of patient, family member, and caregiver engagement in policy related to PHC team integration and the barriers that currently exist in this engagement process. This information can be used to guide decision‐makers on how to improve the delivery of integrated health services through PHC teams and enhance patient, family member, and caregiver engagement in PHC policy.Patient or Public ContributionWe would like to acknowledge the contributions of our patient partners, Brenda Jagroop and Judy Birdsell, who assisted with developing and pilot testing the interview guide. Judy Birdsell also assisted with the preparation of this manuscript. This study also engaged patients, family members, and caregivers to share their experiences with engagement in PHC policy.