bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dawn of Plant Molecular Biology: How Three Key Methodologies Paved the Way
Authors: Somssich Marc 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe adoption of Arabidopsis thaliana in the 1980s as a universal plant model finally enabled researchers to adopt and take full advantage of the molecular biology tools and methods developed in the bacterial and animal fields since the early 1970s. It further brought the plant sciences up to speed with other research fields, which had been employing widely accepted model organisms for decades. In parallel with this major development, the concurrent establishment of the plant transformation methodology and the description of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter enabled scientists to create robust transgenic plant lines for the first time, thereby providing a valuable tool for studying gene function. The ability to create transgenic plants launched the plant biotechnology sector, with Monsanto and Plant Genetic Systems developing the first herbicide‐ and pest‐tolerant plants, initiating a revolution in the agricultural industry. Here I review the major developments over a less than 10‐year span and demonstrate how they complemented each other to trigger a revolution in plant molecular biology and launch an era of unprecedented progress for the whole plant field. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.[Correction added on May 16, 2022, after first online publication: CAUL funding statement has been added.]
Long‐Term Biocatalyst Performance: Mechanistic Prediction and Continuous Non‐Isothermal Testing
Authors: Rogers Thomas A. , Encarnación‐Gómez Luis G. , Bommarius Andreas S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe assessment of the operational stability of biocatalysts by conventional direct determination of the total turnover number (TTN), a useful indicator of lifetime biocatalyst productivity, via continuous isothermal experiments tends to be time‐consuming, material‐intensive, and prone to disturbances, especially in case of rather stable catalysts. In the present work, we present and validate two alternative methods for estimating the TTN of a biocatalyst for any desired operating temperature. The first method is a mechanistic approach, built upon mathematical derivation of enzyme deactivation models derived from first principles, in which TTN can be calculated from two straightforward isothermal biochemical batch measurements. The second method relies on a few non‐isothermal, continuous‐mode experiments in conjunction with mathematical modeling to determine the intrinsic deactivation parameters of the biocatalyst. We verify both methods on the test case of TEM‐1 β‐lactamase‐catalyzed penicillin G (Pen G) hydrolysis. Both alternative methods provide estimates of TTN which are typically within a factor of two to five or less of the values measured directly via lengthy, costly, and error‐prone conventional isothermal aging tests. Therefore, both the mechanistic approach and the non‐isothermal continuous approach are extremely valuable tools to enable calculation of catalyst cost contribution in continuous processing and to eliminate underperforming candidates in search of the most stable biocatalyst.
Accidental epiphytes: Ecological insights and evolutionary implications
Authors: Hoeber Vincent , Zotz Gerhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVascular epiphytes are an important component of many ecosystems and constitute a substantial part of global plant diversity. In this context, accidental epiphytism, that is, the opportunistic epiphytic growth of typically terrestrial species, deserves special attention because it provides crucial insights into the global distribution of vascular epiphytes and the initial evolution of epiphytic lineages. Even though accidental epiphytes have been mentioned in the literature for more than a century, they have been neglected in most epiphyte studies. Only recently has accidental epiphytism been investigated more thoroughly. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the ecological basis and evolutionary relevance of this common but largely neglected phenomenon and to highlight open questions and promising research directions. Our central statement—that any species has the potential to grow epiphytically given the availability of suitable microhabitats and successful dispersal—is backed up by a compilation of observations of accidental epiphytes from numerous ecosystems with diverse climates, even including semiarid Mediterranean ones. A variety of arboreal microhabitats and environmental conditions conform to the ecological niche of typical terrestrial species, with the availability of such microhabitats depending on the interaction of local climate conditions, host tree age, and host species identity. Whenever suitable microhabitats are available in tree crowns, accidental epiphytism is limited primarily by dispersal. In an evolutionary context, the conquest of forest canopy represents an ecological opportunity where accidental epiphytes act as links between terrestrial and epiphytic life forms. We discuss two fundamental scenarios with sympatric speciation, selective pressure, autopolyploidy, and allopatric speciation as underlying mechanisms in the transition from terrestrial to epiphytic growth. In conclusion, we argue that accidental epiphytism is a substrate and dispersal‐dependent phenomenon and that, both from an individual perspective and an evolutionary perspective, epiphytism reflects the occupation of suitable but previously unexploited arboreal microhabitats. Acknowledging the fundamental principles that plant growth is opportunistic and that dispersal is a stochastic process can decisively improve our understanding of species distributions and other ecological patterns, as in the case of accidental epiphytism.
A Copper(II)‐Nitrite Complex Hydrogen‐Bonded to a Protonated Amine in the Second‐Coordination‐Sphere
Authors: Gupta Shourya , Arora Sumangla , Mondal Aditesh , Stieber S. Chantal E. , Gupta Puneet , Kundu Subrata 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNitrous acid (HONO) plays pivotal roles in various metal‐free as well as metal‐mediated routes relevant to biogeochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, and mammalian physiology. While the metastable nature of HONO hinders the detailed investigations into its reactivity at a transition metal site, this report herein utilizes a heteroditopic copper(II) cryptate [oC]CuII featuring a proton‐responsive second‐coordination‐sphere located at a suitable distance from a [CuII](ONO) core, thereby enabling isolation of a [CuII](κ1‐ONO⋅⋅⋅H+) complex (2H‐NO2). A set of complementary analytical studies (UV‐vis, 14N/15N FTIR, 15N NMR, HRMS, EPR, and CHN) on 2H‐NO2 and its 15N‐isotopomer (2H‐15NO2) reveals the formulation of 2H‐NO2 as {[oCH]CuII(κ1‐ONO)}(ClO4)2. Non‐covalent interaction index (NCI) based on reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis on {[oCH]CuII(κ1‐ONO)}2+ discloses a H‐bonding interaction between the apical 3° ammonium site and the nitrite anion bound to the copper(II) site. The FTIR spectra of [CuII](κ1‐ONO⋅⋅⋅H+) species (2H‐NO2) shows a shift of ammonium NH vibrational feature to a lower wavenumber due to the H‐bonding interaction with nitrite. The reactivity profile of [CuII](κ1‐ONO⋅⋅⋅H+) species (2H‐NO2) towards anaerobic nitration of substituted phenol (2,4‐DTBP) is distinctly different relative to that of the closely related tripodal [CuII]‐nitrite complexes (1‐NO2/3‐NO2/4‐NO2).
Cooperative Tertiary Phosphine/Palladium Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation between Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Carbonates and Alkenes
Authors: Li Yue , Chen Peng , Chen Zhi‐Chao , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, we report an unusual nucleophilic allylation reaction between isatin‐derived Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates and simple alkenes synergistically catalyzed by tertiary phosphines and palladium complexes, through chemoselective assemblies of in situ formed onium salts and η1‐allylpalladium species, respectively. A range of 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles were easily constructed in moderate to good yields with exclusive linear regioselectivity. Moreover, a number of control and deuterium experiments have been conducted to elucidate the catalytic mechanism.
Exploring pain mechanisms in hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome: A case–control study
Authors: De Wandele Inge , Colman Marlies , Hermans Linda , Van Oosterwijck Jessica , Meeus Mira , Rombaut Lies , Brusselmans Griet , Syx Delfien , Calders Patrick , Malfait Fransiska 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe hypermobile type of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is a heritable connective tissue disorder, associated with joint hypermobility and prominent chronic pain. Because experimental pain testing in hEDS is scarce, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood.ObjectiveThe present study assesses endogenous pain facilitation and pain inhibition in hEDS, using a protocol for temporal summation of pain (TSP), conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH).MethodsTwenty women with hEDS and 20 age‐matched healthy controls participated. After evaluating thermal and mechanical pain thresholds (PPT), TSP was assessed using 10 repetitive painful pressure stimuli. CPM was provoked using pressure as the test stimulus and hand immersion in hot water (46°) as the conditioning stimulus. EIH was assessed after a submaximal cycling protocol.ResultsThe hEDS group demonstrated reduced PPTs and showed significantly more TSP after repeated painful stimuli than the control group. In comparison to the healthy control group, the hEDS group demonstrated significantly less EIH at the quadriceps test location. At the trapezius, EIH did not significantly differ between groups. No significant differences were found between the hEDS group and control group in the CPM response.ConclusionThe results demonstrate increased TSP in hEDS, suggesting increased central pain facilitation. EIH should be studied more extensively but may be disturbed when evaluated in the muscles that are activated during exercise. The CPM results are inconclusive and require more research.SignificanceStudies regarding the mechanisms that underlie pain in hEDS are scarce, although it is the most prevalent and disabling symptom in this patient population. This study demonstrates increased temporal summation in hEDS and suggests that exercise‐induced hypoalgesia may be reduced. Because exercise is a cornerstone in the multidisciplinary treatment of heritable connective tissue disorders, gaining knowledge in this field is important. Pressure stimuli were used to facilitate the international usability of the protocols, allowing for future data acquisition in large cohorts.
Pricing cancellable American put options on the finite time horizon
Authors: Zaevski Tsvetelin S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present a numerical approach for pricing cancellable American put options, also known as game or Israeli options, on the finite time horizon. These options generalize the concept of American derivatives adding an early exercise right for the option's writer to the existing holder's right. The writer has to pay a penalty amount above the usual option payment to use this right. We first obtain the shape of the optimal regions for both participants. Then we approximate the optimal exercise boundaries maximizing the option's writer and holder financial expectations using some first exit properties of the Brownian motion. We also construct an efficient pricing algorithm based on these boundaries. A semiclosed form formula is derived when the underlying asset starts above the strike.
Potential Adverse Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on Bisphosphonate Efficacy: An Exploratory Post Hoc Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Clodronate
Authors: Zheng Zhangan , Johansson Helena , Harvey Nicholas C. , Lorentzon Mattias , Vandenput Liesbeth , Liu Enwu , Kanis John A. , McCloskey Eugene V. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to have weak but beneficial effects on bone health, including fracture risk, but many epidemiological studies are likely confounded. We explored the relationship between NSAIDs and fracture risk in a post hoc analysis of a well-documented, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the bisphosphonate, clodronate, in which treatment reduced osteoporotic fracture risk by 23%. Concurrent medication use at baseline was used to identify those prescribed oral NSAIDs. Only verified, incident fractures were included in the analysis. A total of 1082 (20.8%) women reported use of NSAIDs at baseline. They were slightly, but significantly, younger (mean 79 versus 80 years, p = 0.004), heavier (mean 66.7 versus 64.7 kg, p &lt; 0.001) than nonusers, with slightly higher femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD, 0.66 versus 0.64 g/cm2, p &lt; 0.001). In an adjusted model, NSAID use was associated with a significant increase in osteoporotic fracture risk over the 3-year study period (hazard ratio [HR] 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.62; p = 0.039). However, this increase in risk was not statistically significant in the placebo group (HR 1.11; 95% CI, 0.81–1.52). In women receiving clodronate, the effect of the bisphosphonate to reduce osteoporotic fracture risk was not observed in those receiving NSAIDs (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.65–1.41; p = 0.81) in contrast to those not using NSAIDs (HR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58–0.89; p = 0.002). In a subset with hip BMD repeated at 3 years, BMD loss during clodronate therapy was greater in those women receiving NSAIDs than in nonusers (eg, total hip −2.75% versus −1.27%, p = 0.078; femoral neck −3.06% versus −1.12%, p = 0.028), and was not significantly different from that observed in women receiving placebo. The efficacy of the bisphosphonate, clodronate, to reduce fracture risk was largely negated in those receiving NSAIDs. Although the mechanism is unclear, this clinically significant observation requires exploration in studies of commonly used bisphosphonates. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bone morphogenetic protein 13 in hepatic stellate cells and hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Peschl Vanessa , Seitz Tatjana , Sommer Judith , Thasler Wolfgang , Bosserhoff Anja , Hellerbrand Claus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHepatic fibrosis can be considered as a deregulated wound healing process in response to chronic liver injury. Bone morphogenetic protein 13 (BMP13) has been described to promote bone and tendon repair. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression and function of BMP13 in hepatic fibrosis. We found increased BMP13 expression during the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which is known as the key event of hepatic fibrosis. Fitting to this, BMP13 was elevated in murine models of hepatic fibrosis, and immunofluorescence staining showed colocalization of BMP13 and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), a marker for activated HSC, in cirrhotic human liver tissue. BMP13 depletion in activated human HSC reduced the phosphorylation of smad1/5/9 and the expression of the transcription factor inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1), a known BMP target gene and profibrogenic factor. Furthermore, BMP13‐depletion led to reduced proliferation and downregulation of collagen I α1 (COL1A1) and α‐SMA, and, interestingly, also reduced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK). Conversely, stimulation with recombinant BMP13 induced the phosphorylation of smad1/5/9 and ERK, as well as the proliferation and the expression of ID1, COL1A1, and α‐SMA in HSCs. These stimulatory effects were inhibited by dorsomorphin 1, a small‐molecule inhibitor of the BMP‐type I receptors activin receptor‐like kinase‐2 and ‐3, which are both expressed by HSC. In summary, these data indicate increased BMP13 expression in hepatic fibrosis as a profibrogenic factor. Thus, this soluble growth factor might have the potential as a new fibrosis marker and antifibrogenic therapeutic target in patients with chronic liver disease.
Selective fluorescent detection of Zn2+ by a rhodanine‐based chemosensor
Authors: Kim Hyeongjin , Gil Dongkyun , Kim Cheal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA rhodanine‐based fluorescent chemosensor DHM, 3‐[(E)‐{[4‐(diethylamino)‐2‐ hydroxyphenyl]methylidene}amino]‐2‐sulfanylidene‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐one, has been designed and synthesized. Sensor DHM showed unique optical properties with large fluorescence change on detecting Zn2+. Most cations did not disturb the binding of DHM with Zn2+, while Co2+ and Cu2+ displayed fluorescence quenching and Fe2+, Fe3+, and Ni2+ did some interference. With outcomes of Job plot and electrospray ionization (ESI)‐mass data, the binding ratio of DHM to Zn2+ was determined as a 1:1. Moreover, DHM could detect Zn2+ with a low detection limit (1.33 μM). DHM could efficiently analyze Zn2+ in a real environment with positive recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) and be recyclable reliably with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). DHM‐doped test kits can be readily used for recognizing Zn2+. The binding feature of DHM to Zn2+ was illustrated by ESI‐mass, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration, and calculations.
Differential expression and analysis of extrachromosomal circular DNAs as serum biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Gang , Shi Wenjing , Ling Liqun , Li Changhong , Shao Fanggui , Chen Jie , Wang Yumin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundExtrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) increase the number of proto‐oncogenes by enhancing oncogene expression to promote tumorigenesis. However, there are limited reports on differential eccDNA expression and analysis in lung cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD).MethodsThree LAD and three corresponding NT tissues samples were used for eccDNA next‐generation sequencing analysis, and an additional 20 were used for quantitative PCR (qPCR) evaluations. We further performed qPCR amplification using serum samples from LAD patients and healthy medical examiners.ResultseccDNAs from LAD samples were mainly 200–1000 bp in length. Gene annotation analysis revealed that most eccDNAs were derived from chromosomes 1 and 2. The top‐ten increased and top‐ten decreased eccDNAs in LAD tissues were CircD‐ARPC1B, CircD‐ARPC1A, CircD‐FAM49B, CircD‐SDK1, CircD‐KCNG1, CircD‐POLR2F, CircD‐SS18L1, CircD‐SLC16A3, CircD‐CSNK1D, CircD‐KCTD1, and CircD‐TMIGD2, CircD‐PDIA5, CircD‐VAV2, CircD‐GATAD2A, CircD‐CAB39L, CircD‐KHDC1, CircD‐FOXN3, CircD‐SULT2B1, CircD‐DPP9, and CircD‐CSNK1D. qPCR demonstrated that the expression of CircD‐DZRN3 was higher in LAD tissues than in normal lung tissues, whereas CircD‐LGR6 and CircD‐UMODL1 expression levels were lower in LAD than in normal lung tissues. Furthermore, the serum CircD‐PDZRN3 level increased, while CircD‐LGR6 decreased in LAD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that area under curve (AUC) of serum CircD‐PDZRN3 (0.991), CircD‐LGR6 (0.916) was higher than that of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (0.825), CY211 (cytokeratin 19 fragment) (0.842), SCCA(squamous cell carcinoma antigen) (0.857) for the diagnosis of LAD.ConclusionsOur study first showed that several eccDNAs were aberrantly expressed in LAD, among which CircD‐PDZRN3 and CircD‐LGR6 clearly distinguished LAD patients from healthy controls, indicating their potential as biomarkers.
COVID‐19‐related anxiety: How do coping and optimism relate to substance use in African–American young adults?
Authors: Singleton Gwendolyn , Johnson Leona , Singleton Nkosi , Li Huijun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID–19 pandemic has greatly affected college students nationwide. Recent research suggests that the COVID–19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted African–American young adults. The infection case rates, hospitalizations, and death rates in African–American populations are 2–5 times higher than among White populations. The intergenerational trauma and systemic racism that African–Americans have faced in past and present times have fomented conditions that lead to vulnerability within this historically resilient community. These stresses and losses increase the risks of anxiety and substance use. This study examined the relationship between COVID‐19‐related anxiety and substance use, and how adaptive coping and optimism influence this relationship in African–Americans young adults. Results reveal that COVID‐related anxiety predicts alcohol and drug use. Optimism and adaptive coping are related to lower pandemic‐related anxiety, alcohol, and drug use among African–American young adults.
COVID‐19 shines a light on health inequities in communities of color: A youth‐driven photovoice inquiry
Authors: Augsberger Astraea , Toraif Noor , Young Adrienne , Dimitri Noelle C. , Bautista Rosaylin , Pierre Ja'Karri , Le Catherine , Idahor Osasenaga , Jusme Calvin , Gergen Barnett Katherine A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis manuscript reports on a youth‐driven health assessment engaging youth of color in identifying community health priorities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Photovoice, a participatory visual ethnographic health assessment strategy, was used to explore the question: What does health or healthiness mean to you and/or your community? Youth captured images that represented their priorities. The photos were discussed using the SHOWed framework and analyzed thematically. Four themes related to community health were identified. Additionally, youth captured their narrative of COVID‐19 as “a revealing force that highlights systemic inequities, driving individuals and communities to both cultivate their resilience and take healthcare into their own hands in response to government and policy level failures.” Youth are acutely aware of the historical and structural inequities that create multi‐level barriers to healthcare access. Health inequities existed long before the pandemic, but the current crisis requires us to examine ways to transform the healthcare landscape moving forward.
Risk factors for local atypical fibroxanthoma recurrence and progression to pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: A meta‐analysis of individualized participant data
Authors: Ørholt Mathias , Aaberg Frederik L. , Abebe Kiya , Walsh S. , Roenigk Randall K. , Venzo Alessandro , Schmidt Grethe , Klyver Helle , Jensen David H. , Herly Mikkel , Vester‐Glowinski Peter V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRisk factors for local atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) recurrence and progression to pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) have not previously been identified.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors and provide follow‐up suggestions for local AFX recurrence and progression to PDS.Methods and MaterialsA literature search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. The risks of local AFX recurrence and progression to PDS were presented as Kaplan–Meier plots and risk factors were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) calculated with univariate and multivariate Cox regression.ResultsFive hundred and ninety‐eight patients with AFX from 14 studies were included. Age >74 years and male sex significantly increased the risk of local recurrence (HR: 7.31 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78–30.0], p < 0.01 and HR: 2.89 [95% CI: 1.04–8.01], p < 0.05, respectively). There was no difference when comparing wide local excision and Mohs' micrographic surgery (p = 0.89). The risks of local AFX recurrence and progression to PDS after 2 years were <1%.ConclusionA more intensive follow‐up regimen could be considered in patients >74 years old and males due to the higher risk of local AFX recurrence.