bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural network acceleration of large-scale structure theory calculations
Authors: DeRose Joseph , Chen Shi-Fan , White Martin , Kokron Nickolas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We make use of neural networks to accelerate the calculation of power spectra required for the analysis of galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing data. For modern perturbation theory codes, evaluation time for a single cosmology and redshift can take on the order of two seconds. In combination with the comparable time required to compute linear predictions using a Boltzmann solver, these calculations are the bottleneck for many contemporary large-scale structure analyses. In this work, we construct neural network-based surrogate models for Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) predictions of matter power spectra, real and redshift space galaxy power spectra, and galaxy-matter cross power spectra that attain ∼ 0.1% (at one sigma) accuracy over a broad range of scales in a ωCDM parameter space. The neural network surrogates can be evaluated in approximately one millisecond, a factor of 1000 times faster than the full Boltzmann code and LPT computations. In a simulated full-shape redshift space galaxy power spectrum analysis, we demonstrate that the posteriors obtained using our surrogates are accurate compared to those obtained using the full LPT model. We make our surrogate models public at https://github.com/sfschen/EmulateLSS, so that others may take advantage of the speed gains they provide to enable rapid iteration on analysis settings, something that is essential in complex contemporary large-scale structure analyses.
Analysis of the discharge plasma impedance of copper vapor laser
Authors: Singh Dheeraj K , Dikshit B , Vijayan R , Mukherjee Jaya , Rawat V S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the pursuit to analyze the impedance of copper vapor lasers (CVLs) in different conditions, a novel approach has been proposed in this paper. The underdamped behavior of the voltage waveform across the CVL is leveraged to compute the impedance of high-voltage discharge plasma in the laser. This methodology provides an accurate idea of the discharge plasma resistance and inductance as it is calculated on the basis of experimental voltage waveforms obtained from the laser system. The laser head inductance remains almost fixed and equivalent to ∼0.47 µH whereas the laser resistance changes between 34 Ω and 11 Ω depending on the discharge condition and its constituents. A critical evaluation of CVL impedance is done in all experimentally possible conditions, and a methodology has been proposed to maintain the CVL impedance, which results in the power stability of the laser in oscillator–amplifier configuration. The laser impedance variation w.r.t. time, pressure, operating voltage and electrode pin configuration has been investigated. The impact of the localized electric field at the electrode on the laser resistance has also been emphasized in this paper. A good concurrence exists between the calculated laser impedance and its experimental behavior.
Geophysical surveys in archaeological sites in Baucina (Palermo)
Authors: Leucci G. , Cubito A. , De Giorgi L. , Pappalardo S. , Giaccone T. , Greco C. , Carrozzo A. R. , Longhitano L. , Comisi F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The archaeological site of Monte Carrozza and Monte Falcone dominates in the south and east of the modern town of Baucina. These are two reliefs of modest size, separated by a small hill elongated in an East-West direction where the cliffs stand the necropolis. On these hills, probably in the sixth century. B.C., settled people, sicane that at the end of the century came into contact with the Greek colonies of Himera and the Punic Soluntum, as the research conducted in the last decade have demonstrated. Located in the hinterland, on the watershed between the river San Leonardo and Milicia, the sites are located in a critical point, in an area open to the connections between Palermo, Solunto and Himera. Archaeological excavations are conducted by the Chair of Ancient Topography of the University of Palermo, in agreement and cooperation with the Superintendence of Cultural Heritage of Palermo and with the logistical and financial support of the City of Baucina. Investigations affecting a sector of the cemetery located along the southern slope of Monte Falcone to combat the phenomenon of illegal excavations. For this purpose were undertaken, a series of geophysical surveys were. The survey results showed the presence of various structures, likely archaeological interest. Subsequent excavations made in areas investigated by geophysics have unearthed different funerary structures: burials in graves or nasturtium, cremation within pithoi or amphorae. The dead were accompanied by grave goods of the Greek tradition: skyphoi, achromatic cups, etc. Particular interest is a large tomb in an artificial cave entrance that consists of pillars and lintel plaster. The grave diggers violated by poachers is unique for their monumental architecture. It was reached by a corridor carved in the rock, in whose landfilling and numerous ceramic fragments were recovered a bronze coin.
Preliminary results from GPR survey at the Roman villa of Caddeddi (Siracusa, Italy)
Authors: Tanasi D. , Hassam S. , Trapani P. , Cali D. , De Giorgi L. , Ferrari I. , Giuri G. , Leucci G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Villa of Caddeddi, in the territory of Noto (Siracusa) is located on the south bank of the Tellaro river, about 3km from its mouth. The site, interpreted as a rural luxury residence dated to the 4th-5th century CE, was first discovered in 1972 and intermittently investigated in the subsequent decades and mostly studied from the perspectives of the splendid mosaic floors there uncovered. The excavated structure accounts for just a portion of the complex, which is partially covered by an 18th-19th century farmhouse. After a long period of neglect, the villa has been recently restored and opened to the public and become subject of new studies by the University of South Florida’s Institute for Digital Exploration (IDEx) which in 2019 and 2020 conducted a remote sensing campaign entailing terrestrial laserscanning and ground penetrating radar.
Integrated Archaeological and Geophysical Surveys in the Historical Center of Augusta (Eastern Sicily, Italy).
Authors: Cacciaguerra G. , De Giorgi L. , Fragalá G. , Leucci G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Augusta was founded by Emperor Frederick II between 1233/34 and 1238/39 on a peninsula. Despite its short history, over the centuries the town has undergone profound transformations due to demolitions (1680-1682) and earthquakes (1542, 1693) that have changed its architectural and urban features. Integrated archaeological and geophysical investigations were undertaken to solve specific archaeological problems which are part of a wider debate regarding the phenomena connected to the medieval and urban layout and archaeological potential analysis. Particularly the geophysical surveys undertaken in the historical center of Augusta, by means Ground-penetrating Radar (GPR), allowed a 3D reconstruction of archaeological structures in the subsoil until the depth of about 4m.
Digital survey and reconstruction for enhancing epigraphic readings with erode surface
Authors: Limongello M , Antinozzi S , Vecchio L , Fiorillo F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The contribution illustrates the applied procedure of the digital survey and documentation of a funerary epigraph written in Greek but dating back to the Roman period (dimensions of about 31 cm x 20 cm). It comes from Velia (Salerno), a Greek and then Roman city in southern Italy. It was found in 1967 and currently represents the only Greek funerary inscription of the Roman period coming, most probably, from the necropolis of Porta Marina Sud. The inscription presents many gaps and preserves only part of the upper right and lower margins. The surface is highly eroded, maybe due to the exposure to atmospheric agents, making the text interpretation extremely difficult. The implemented image-based and range-based techniques contributed to reading the inscriptions, letting to recover much information that was invisible to the naked eye. The 3D survey system choice has to be consistent with the work aims and the physical object characteristics. A high degree of geometric detail was essential for our case study. Therefore, a triangulation laser scanner performed the first digital capturing, subsequently integrated with a structured light system (Artec Eva and Leo) and finally, a close-range photogrammetric acquisition to produce a high-resolution orthophoto.
Rehydroxylation: a promising technique for ceramic dating
Authors: Maspero F , Galli A , Panzeri L , Martini M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The kinetics of expansion in ceramic materials due to rehydration and rehydroxylation was investigated since the early XX century as a cause of crazing in glazed ceramics. Since then, the study of expansion and mass gain of ceramic has been studied extending the monitored times and modeling the involved processes. In the last 20 years, the interest in this process grew due to its possible application in the dating field, supporting well-established techniques such as thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence. The principle of the dating technique is based on the fact that after the firing all water and hydroxyl molecules are desorbed from the ceramic structure, and after cooling are slowly adsorbed following a mathematical law. Nowadays, the correlation between time and mass gain is well established, but there is still no agreement on the mathematical model of the rehydroxylation process, and on a reliable protocol to date the materials. However, promising results have been reached, and more efforts must be put into the study of the role of involved parameters (storage temperature, activation energy, experimental setup…). Considerations on the last point will be shown, together with experimental evidence collected at Lambda (Laboratory of Milano Bicocca university for Dating and Archaeometry).
Traffic-induced vibrations on cultural heritage in urban area: the case of Villa Farnesina in Rome
Authors: Costanzo Antonio , Falcone Sergio , Piana Carmelo La , Lapenta Virginia , Musacchio Massimo , Sgamellotti Antonio , Buongiorno Maria Fabrizia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study aims to analyse the vibrations induced by traffic on the Villa Farnesina in Rome. The ancient building was designed and erected by the architect Baldassarre Peruzzi and the walls, vaults and lodges were decorated with frescoes attributable to Raphael and other relevant Italian Renaissance painters. Villa Farnesina is located near the Lungotevere road, therefore it suffers the dangerous effects due to the urban traffic even with heavy vehicles passing, so much so that in the early seventies an anti-vibration paving was built. A six-month geophysical monitoring made it possible to analyse the propagation of the waves on the building, characterizing the vibration due to the current traffic level. The results show the vibration levels recorded on the different floors of the building.
Soft Ionization mass spectrometry of lipid residues in archaeological findings: ESI vs APCI
Authors: Saliu Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The organic residues that are found preserved in ceramics may be an extraordinary source of information regarding the function of the archaeological items and therefore provide insights on the life of our ancestors. In this view, lipids, that make up a major part of naturally occurring fats and oils, have gained in the last decades a special attention in molecular archaeology research. However, speciation of lipid is rather complicated due to the variety of congeners, the existence of several structures within the same raw formula, the presence of positional isomers. Soft ionization coupled to mass spectrometry has been proved to be powerful tool to manage this complexity because enable structural elucidation trough a tailored fragmentation, and may adopted with low amount of sample even as mixture, which is not suitable to other analytical techniques. Under this respect, mass spectra obtained from artificial weathered reference material and archaeological material are here presented, and some interesting feature discussed, with a specific focus to triacylglycerols (TAGs) the most abundant lipid class in fat and oils
The activities of the LAMBDA (Laboratory of Milano Bicocca university for Dating and Archaeometry): what’s new?
Authors: Panzeri L , Galli A. , Maspero F , Saleh M , Martini M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The LAMBDA, Laboratory of Milano Bicocca University for Dating and Archaeometry, has a forty-years experience started with the first thermoluminescence dating activities in Italy in the early eighties. Soon after, other dating techniques (Optically Stimulated Luminescence, OSL, Radiocarbon, Dendrochronology and recently Rehydroxylation) have been studied and dedicated laboratories have been set up, where the physical basis of the techniques are constantly under investigation, mainly for what concerns the role of defects in quartz in the luminescence processes. LAMBDA covers other prominent archaeometry fields such as dating of mortars by OSL and Radiocarbon, surface dating of bricks and rehydroxylation dating. In this paper we will present the recent results in dating field focusing on mortar and surface dating. Furthermore, the results of a recent dating campaign to rediscover ancient Milan will be presented.
Development of a novel probe for measuring emissivity and temperature during Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Calvagna C , Mencaglia A A , Osticioli I , Ciofini D , Siano S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, an innovative tool to perform real-time measurements of emissivity and temperature of a given material surface under CW laser irradiation was developed. In the radiative energy balance, the emissivity represents the complementary component of the reflectance, thus, its measurement can be exploited to calculate the temperature at the target surface from infrared emission measurements provided by a suitable sensor. A miniaturized photothermal sensing line was designed as an accessory of Raman probes for driving thermal control loops in order to prevent overheating during the spectroscopic acquisition. To demonstrate its effectiveness and reliability, it was integrated with in a home-made Raman instrument (exc. 1064 nm) and associated software to achieve an automated online thermal control. Temperature rise during Raman spectroscopy can induce chemical alterations of the material under analysis and seriously affect its original spectral features. In several applications, such photothermal side effects can represent a serious problem to be carefully controlled in order to safeguard the integrity of the material and its spectral fingerprint. A thorough experimentation of the novel tool was carried out on photothermally sensitive materials such as red lead and massicot powders, traditionally used as pigments since ancient times. Finally, the compactness of the components and the fast response time made this system particularly suitable for nondestructive in-situ investigations.
Quantitative evaluation of the Reflectance Transformation Imaging and Normal Integration technique in profilometric application.
Authors: Verni E. , Fiocco G. , Grifoni E. , Lippolis G. , Ludwig N. , Malagodi M. , Pisani M. , Rovetta T. , Zucco M. , Gargano M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article provides a quantitative analysis of the ability to faithfully reproduce the profile of objects using the Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) coupled with Normal Integration technique. The study was conducted using ad hoc designed and built reference targets. It was possible to compare the profiles obtained using RTI technique with those realized using more conventional profilometric and 3D techniques such as micro photogrammetry, laser scanner and optical profilometry. It has been seen that the RTI technique is especially valid in the reproduction of high spatial frequencies and that it is very suitable for the study of cultural heritage, as it is portable, fast and low-cost.
Seismic behaviour and 3D reconstruction of Cultural Heritage: the Column of the Hera Lacinia Temple in Capo Colonna (Calabria, Southern Italy)
Authors: Costanzo Antonio , Cosentino Antonio Giulio , Gaudio Pierdomenico del , Aversa Gregorio , Pascuzzi Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study aims to characterize the seismic behaviour of the Doric Column, last remaining of the Hera Lacinia Temple, located on the promontory of Capo Colonna near Crotone (Calabria, Southern Italy). Recordings of ambient vibration has been acquired both at the base and on the top of the column, simultaneously, in order to detect the predominant frequencies of the element. In addition, a high-resolution 3D model of the column has been reconstructed through laser scanning to support the analysis of the current state of the heritage element. The fundamental frequencies of the column and those associated to the site have been compared to verify potential resonance phenomena at the occurrence of an earthquake. In addition, a significant inclination of the column was detected by analysing the 3D model.
Terrestrial laser scanning for the modelling of indoor archaeological areas: two case-studies from Reggio Calabria, Italy
Authors: Giuffrida Dario , Nardo Viviana Mollica , Neri Daniela , Cucinotta Giovanni , Calabrò Irene Vittoria , Pace Loredana , Ponterio Rosina Celeste 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The work shows the application of a portable terrestrial laser scanner for the three-dimensional survey and modelling of two archaeological areas preserved in the urban fabric of Reggio Calabria, Italy: the underground site of Piazza Italia, better known as “Ipogeo”, and the ruins of the s.c. odéon, located in the basement of a residential building in via 24 Maggio. The two case studies, compared to the other sites preserved in the city center, share a common element: they are not outdoors but have been incorporated into modern buildings and therefore they are not immediately visible. Due to the specific features of the sites, the use of a portable laser-scanning system has been considered the most suitable, accurate and quick solution in order to produce high-resolution as-built 3d models of the structures. The latter will be used as support to derive plans and sections, to carry out further virtual reconstructions and to plan a scan-to-bim process.
Challenges in laser cleaning of cultural heritage stained glass
Authors: Maingi Evan Maina , Treil Valérie , Abad María Pilar Alonso , Angurel Luis A , Rahman Md Ashiqur , Chapoulie Remy , Dubernet Stephan , Schiavon Nick , Fuente German F de la 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Stained-glass windows play an important role in cultural heritage. Human and environmental factors have subjected these pieces to risks of damage. Mechanical and chemical-based cleaning methods have been used for their restoration and conservation. Additionally, short-pulse lasers have opened new opportunities for safe and controlled cleaning and restoration of these important materials. In this work, ultra-short pulsed lasers were used to clean an artificially applied coating from the surface of a contemporary colorless glass frequently used in the restoration of stained-glass windows. One of the objectives was to explore the applicability of using these types of lasers to safely clean historical stained-glass windows. It was observed that temperature rise and subsequent heat accumulation in the coating layer being removed was sufficient to generate significant thermal stresses on the underlying glass surface leading to damages even when the laser energies are lower than the damage thresholds. Some laser treatments that limit this heat accumulation were designed in this study. For laser systems operating at frequencies in the range of several hundreds of kHz, the option was to work in burst mode, limiting the number of pulses in each burst and selecting an adequate time lapse between two consecutive burst runs. A method to uniformly clean a given surface is proposed in this work. When lower frequencies are available, treatments using frequencies lower than 20 kHz are enough to safely clean the glass. When UV laser radiation is used, optical damage is also an important aspect to be considered. In this case, the cleaning protocol has to deal with both issues, to avoid heat accumulation and chemical damage.
A method to improve the accuracy of sparse UAV point cloud applied to the Amphitheater of Pompeii
Authors: Barba S , Di Benedetto A , Fiani M , Gujski LM 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the field of cultural heritage dissemination, the availability of an accurate 3D model is mandatory to better describe an historically relevant building and provide the user with as much information as possible. In our paper we propose a workflow to improve the accuracy of the sparse cloud (Tie Points) by means of automated mask generation on photograms acquired by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). In the first step, the statistical distribution of reprojection errors for each image, before applying the masks, is analyzed. In the second step, masks are automatically generated for each image to exclude, in the following alignment process, parts of the image characterized by reprojection error values outside the chosen confidence interval. The BIC criterion was used to identify the probability distribution that best fits the data. The results are promising and highlight the need to implement specific processes for preparing the input data to improve the accuracy of the output 3D model. Such results are not easily achievable with the processes implemented by default in the most widely used commercial photogrammetric software.
The combination of RPLC-ESI-FTMS/MS and m-CPBA epoxidation for the location and geometry assignment of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acyl chains of drying oils
Authors: Coniglio D , Calvano C D , Masiello M , Losito I , Sabbatini L , Cataldi T R I 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Oil painting is the process of painting with drying oils as binders. Such oils mainly consist of triacylglycerols characterized by high levels of unsaturated fatty acyl chains. For instance, poppy seed oils have received much attention for their use as oil paints since very ancient time. Upon exposure to oxygen, not only do drying oils harden to a densely cross-linked polymer network through radical reactions, but their fatty acids also interact with cations of some pigments forming the related carboxylate salts. These so-called metal soaps lead to severe degradation phenomena because they can migrate and aggregate, breaking through the surface of the paint. Since the fatty-acidome of a drying oil is involved in these processes, the current study is chiefly devoted to the identification of both free and total fatty acids in poppy seed oil by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry by an electrospray ionization source (RPLC-ESI-FTMS). Total fatty acids (TFA) were investigated by enzymatic hydrolysis and comparisons were made between the free fatty acid (FFA) profile and the total one resulting from the digestion on the same poppy seed oil. A key component of our approach was the double bond (C=C) epoxidation reaction, which was carried out on unsaturated fatty acids by meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA). A chromatographic set up was developed to separate such oxidized lipids, that were identified as deprotonated molecules [epoM-H]− by accurate mass matching in full mass spectra. Their epoxide ring was subsequently cleaved upon tandem mass fragmentation to yield a pair of diagnostic product ions for C=C double bond localization. Interestingly, the double bond geometry (i.e., cis/trans) was also assigned based on the retention times of derivatized-FA. The present approach opens new avenues for the analysis of artworks whether affected by metal soap-related degradation phenomena.