bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Corrective Feedbacks on Iranian EFL Learners’ Interlanguage Pragmatics Development
Authors: Hafez Fateme , Memari Mehran 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of corrective feedbacks on Iranian EFL learners’ interlanguage pragmatic development in the case of invitation acceptance and declination. To do so, three intact experimental groups: recast group (N = 13), metalinguistic group (N = 17) and clarification request group (N = 12) were selected from an English institute based on convenience sampling. Before the treatment, three groups participated in a dialogic extended discourse as pretest. The dialogues of invitation in the case of both acceptance and declination were taken from Top Notch, American English File, English Result, and Four Corners books. For scoring learners’ performance, teacher used two checklists of pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic knowledge based on the 5-item Likert-scale ranging from inappropriate to most appropriate were used. The treatment sessions were held three times a week and each session took 60 minutes, for a total of a month. The results reveal that corrective feedback had significant effect on ILP development; moreover, the metalinguistic group outperformed the recast and clarification request groups. Hence, metalinguistic corrective feedback is more effective than recast and clarification corrective feedbacks regarding Iranian EFL learners’ interlanguage pragmatic development in the case of invitation acceptance and declination.
Descriptive Study of the Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) Surveillance System in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyambayo Priscilla P M , Manyevere Rumbidzai , Chirinda Libert , Zifamba Edlyne N , Marekera Steny , Nyamandi Tatenda , Mehta Ushma , Gold Michael S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Functional national systems that monitor Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) are vital for implementing evidence-based vaccination policy while ensuring the safe access to these life-saving technologies. These systems can counteract vaccine hesitancy by increasing public trust and uptake in vaccination minimizing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Ensuring that these systems function optimally is a critical public health imperative. This is a novel study evaluating AEFI surveillance system including causality assessment, in Zimbabwe.
Aim:This study provides a review of Zimbabwe’s national AEFI surveillance system since its launch in 1998, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement.
Method: We conducted an in-depth analysis of all AEFI reports received until 2021, assessing reporting trends and overall performance of the AEFI system in terms of investigation, causality assessment. The WHO Global Benchmarking Tool (GBT) was used to assess regulatory performance in terms of AEFI surveillance. Duplications were excluded and reports with evidence of AEFI(s) after vaccination were included.
Results: There was a steady increase of AEFI reports per annum particularly from 2006 to 2021 with a more dramatic increase during the COVID-19 epidemic with an AEFI reporting ratio of 43.46/million adults for COVID-19 vaccinations in 2021. The reporting ratio exceeded the WHO recommended minimum AEFI reporting ratio of 10 per 100000 surviving infants during eleven years (47.84%) out of the twenty-three years since inception of the surveillance. The GBT assessment demonstrated that the AEFI surveillance system evolved for all manufacturers or license holders.
Conclusion: Close partnership between the immunization program and regulatory authority has enhanced AEFI surveillance in Zimbabwe. Incomplete AEFI case investigations for and timely AEFI detection are challenges that need to be addressed. System strengthening should include consideration of digital innovations to improve detection, optimizing case investigation of serious AEFI including post-mortems and utilizing VigiPoint disproportionate analysis for signal detection.
Gymnodinium catenatum paralytic shellfish toxin production and photobiological responses under marine heat waves
Authors: Lopes Vanessa M. , Court Mélanie , Seco Martim Costa , Borges Francisco O. , Vicente Bernardo , Lage Sandra , Braga Ana Catarina , Duarte Bernardo , Santos Catarina Frazão , Amorim Ana , Costa Pedro Reis , Rosa Rui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have doubled in frequency since the 1980s and are projected to be exacerbated during this century. MHWs have been shown to trigger harmful algal blooms (HABs), with severe consequences to marine life and human populations. Gymnodinium catenatum, a paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) producer inhabits temperate and tropical coastal waters. This study aims to understand, for the first time, how MHWs impact several parameters relating to cell growth and toxin production of this species. For that, two MHW were simulated - category I (i.e., peak: 19.9°C) and category IV (i.e., peak: 24.1°C) - relative to baseline in Cascais, Portugal (18.5°C). Based on several physiological parameters – e.g., no changes in abundance, size, photosynthetic efficiency and toxin production -G. catenatum showed to have high tolerance to MHWs. However, MHWs may have elicited sublethal effects since chain-formation was significantly reduced under category IV MHW, suggesting these conditions may be sub-optimal growth conditions for this population. Regarding the toxin profile, a significant decrease in several compounds with increased severity of the MHW was observed. Our study suggests the increase in frequency, intensity and duration of MHWs may lead to reduced severity of G. catenatum toxic blooms.
When children were kept behind doors in three weeks: children’s perspectives of the lockdown in Ghana.
Authors: Kyei-Gyamfi Sylvester 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis cross-sectional study explores the experiences of children about the three-week lockdown in two of Ghana’s COVID-19 hotspots, and gains insights on their perspectives about the phenomenon. This paper is not only essential but novel as it examines and gives account of the lockdown from the viewpoints of children. The data collection and analysis were based on remote research techniques, combining a survey and telephone interactions with 385 children in the cities of Accra and Tema. Almost half of the children sampled affirmed that the lockdown affected them negatively. According to the findings, children were opposed to the lockdown since it stopped them from visiting or going outside to play with friends, interfered with their academic work, and led to economic hardships in poor households. The Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection is urged to enhance its role when embarking on its poverty reduction monitoring since the lockdown increased vulnerability in many poor households in the country.
Arterial Blood Pressure Indices among Young Adults with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim Oluwaseun , Ogunlade Oluwadare 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary chronic haemolytic disorder characterised by repeated vaso-occlusion and chronic haemolysis resulting into chronic complications such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and early mortality.

Aim

This study is aimed at assessing the arterial blood pressure indices and the clinical implications in individuals with SCA compared with normal Haemoglobin AA among young adult individuals in Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 132 young adults (18–35 years) participated in the study. They were classified into two groups; 69 cases (participants with Hb SS) and 63 age and sex matched controls (participants with Hb AA) which were purposively selected after haemoglobin typing using electrophoresis method. Blood pressure (BP) measurement was done three times after five minute rest using a validated digital sphygmomanometer (Lumiscope) of appropriate cuff size attached to the arm. The average of the last two measurements was calculated and used as the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pulse Pressure (PP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Rate Pressure Product (RPP) was calculated using standard formulae. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and alpha value was set as < 0.05.

Results

The mean SBP [110.62 ± 10.55 vs 114.94 ± 9.49 (t=-2.297, p = 0.023)], DBP [66.20 ± 7.06 vs 77.06 ± 8.44 (t=-6.956, p < 0.0001)] and MAP [81.01 ± 8.21 vs 89.69 ± 7.92 (t=-5.774, p < 0.0001)] were significantly low while the PP [44.42 ± 8.60 vs 37.88 ± 8.14 (t = 4.187 ± p < 0.0001)] was significantly low among the participants with SCA.

Conclusion

This study showed that SCA is associated with significantly lower SBP, DBP, MAP while PP was significantly higher when compared with age and sex matched young adults with normal haemoglobin type.
Perancangan Game Pair Matching untuk Pengenalan Huruf Hijaiyah Menggunakan Unity Game Engine
Authors: Wahyudi Ilham , Fadilah Juniardi Nur , Nugroho Fresy 
Published: November 2022

Pair matching merupakan permainan yang berjenis teka-teki. Game ini adalah salah satu permainan klasik di mana player harus menemukan pasangan gambar yang cocok dari gambar yang terbalik untuk memenangkan game ini. Dalam paper ini, dirancang permainan pair matching yang berisi huruf-huruf hijaiyah. Game ini bertujuan agar anak-anak dapat menghafal huruf hijaiyah. Sebagai tambahan terdapat gambar buah-buahan agar anak-anak tidak bosan memainkan game ini. Dalam game ini ada sistem rangking, ketika player telah selesai, ada catatan waktu tentang berapa lama player tersebut menyelesaikan permainan. Hal ini akan menjadikan tantangan bagi player untuk dapat menyelesaikan permainan lebih cepat. Dalam proses pembuatan game ini, digunakan Unity game engine dengan bahasa pemrograman C#. Hasilnya adalah game edukasi yang dapat dimainkan sebagai media pengenalan huruf hijaiyah.
UV Disinfection sensitivity index of spores or protozoa: A model to predict the required fluence of spores or protozoa
Authors: Wang Zhao , Tang Walter Z. , Sillanpää Mika , Li Jinze 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
During UV disinfection, the required UV dose in terms of fluence depends upon the species of bacteria spore and protozoa. To rank their UV disinfection sensitivity, spore sensitivity index (SPSI) and protozoan sensitivity index (PSI) are defined. For spores, shoulder effect exists, therefore, SPSI is defined as the ratio between the ki of any spores for the linear portion of the dose response curve to the kir of Bacillus subtilis as the reference spore. After statistical analysis, the fluence of any spore can be predicted by SPSI through equation, H = (0.8358 ± 0.126)*LogI*SPSI + H0. PSI is defined as the ratio between the inactivation rate constants of a protozoa in reference to that of Cryptosporidium parvum. The equation predicting the fluence of any protozoa in reference to Cryptosporidium parvum is: H = 107.45*(3.86 ± 2.68)*LogI/PSI. Two regression equations suggest that protozoa require significantly higher UV dose than bacteria spores.
Cryptococcal Osteomyelitis of the Left Acetabulum: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Kuntao , Zhou Changning , Zhang Jing , Chen Yang , Ding Xing , Chen Fen , Feng Kai 
Published: November 2022

Background:Cryptococcus, as a classical "opportunistic" fungal pathogen, is capable of disseminating an invasive infection in immunocompromised hosts. The primary sites of infection include the respiratory and central nervous systems, and skeletal infection was rarely reported. In this case, we describe a case of cryptococcal osteomyelitis involving the left side of the acetabulum in a Chinese patient with chronic hepatitis B.Case presentation:We retrospectively reviewed the case of a female (with chronic hepatitis B) with left acetabulum pain and limited mobility, with fever occurring during the infection who presented to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. Upon imaging, we found osteolytic bone destruction in the left acetabulum with inflammatory changes in the surrounding bone and soft tissue, accompanied by abscess formation. Following an 11-month of antifungal therapy, the clinical symptoms improved and the lesion area reduced in size. In addition, there was no sign of recurrence.Conclusion:Cryptococcus infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infectious osteolytic bone lesions, particularly when patients with immune insufficiency. Pathological examinations and fungal cultures are essential to provide a differential diagnosis.
Investigating the Waste Management Knowledge and Performance of Health Personnel in the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Kheirkhah Vakilabad Ali Asghar , Movahed Ehsan , Seyedi Fatemeh , Tahergorabi Mahsa , Mahmoodi Mohamad , Seirfar Zahra 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the waste management knowledge and performance of health personnel in the COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 470 of personnel in hospitals, health centers, and affiliated subordinate units of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences were selected utilizing the available sampling method from June to December 2020. The researcher-made questionnaire was developed utilizing available articles and books in the field of waste. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 24 and independent t-test and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results:
According to the results of study, the status of information, production, and collection of waste in employees were desirable, but separation, transportation, and recycling were not appropriate. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in information (p = 0.000), production (p = 0.000), collection (p = 0.000) and general waste management (p = 0.001) among health centers. Also it was a significant relationship between residence (p = 0.006), education (p = 0.029), and location of work (p = 0.001) with waste management. Samples living in the village had a higher average score than city residents. The location of work also showed that the employees of the Health homes had a higher waste management score than other health centers.

Conclusion:
According to the low performance of employees working in cities and hospitals in the field of waste separation, transportation and recycling, it is recommended that continuous training of employees electronically and virtually (preparing a short video on how to sort and recycle waste, inviting a recycling management specialist for training, role-playing). Also it is importance to improve performance and motivation and the existence of practical rules, instructions and adequate monitoring.
The Level of Knowledge and Preparedness of Dental Professionals for COVID-19 among Public and Private Dental Sectors in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alharbi Maha , Al Joaib Reema , Bassam Bashayer AL , Qahtani Abdulaziz A , Alsineedi Fasial , Jebakumar Arulanantham Zechariah 
Published: November 2022

Background:
COVID-19 has become a serious public health issue throughout the world’s healthcare system due to its rapid spread. Because COVID-19 is so contagious, workers must be properly trained to prevent the virus from spreading to them. Protective clothing, sanitised gloves, and respirators are just a few examples of the safety precautions that need to be taken. Dental institutions and their affiliated health centres and research stations have been severely impacted by the coronavirus outbreak. According to the World Health Organisation (2020), the risk of fast infection is higher among individuals who are close to or who operate near the COVID-19 patients, for instance, family members or health practitioners. This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge, preparedness, and perception of COVID-19 among dentists in the private and public dental sectors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted that used a non-probability sampling method. The data were collected through online questionnaires between February 2021 and June 2021, where standardized close-ended questions were asked via Google forms from dentists in public and private dental sectors in five regions of Saudi Arabia. A total of 145 people responded to the questionnaire; three of them decided not to participate in the study, while 30 respondents failed to select the correct answer to the quality assurance question. The remaining 112 respondents were included in the analysis. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences (IRB-2021-DOH-021).

Results:
The findings showed that most dentists (58%) had high knowledge of COVID-19, which was followed closely by those who had average knowledge (34.8%), while the rest (7.1%) had insufficient knowledge about COVID-19. In terms of evaluating the level of preparedness, which included the method of prevention and practice of dentists while dealing with COVID19, results showed that most of the respondents (42.9%) indicated that they have the highest preparedness level. Concerning the level of perception of dentists toward COVID-19, the results showed that the majority (48.2%) of dentists had the highest perception. However, the perception level was higher compared to their level of preparedness but lower compared to their level of knowledge.

Conclusion:
Dentists in KSA have enough understanding of COVID-19 transmission and general information. As the number of COVID-19 cases in KSA and other countries continue to grow, dentists must stay up to date on the latest information concerning the disease. Continuous educational programs are required to improve the understanding of infection management.
A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors of Tobacco Use among South Indian Adults
Authors: Daniel Monica , Rajkumar Eslavath , George Allen Joshua , John Romate 
Published: November 2022

Background:
India is facing a crucial health burden due to the incremental rise in the prevalence of tobacco use and associated diseases. Sociocultural factors largely influence tobacco use behaviour. Hence, documenting the risk and protective factors associated with tobacco use among the South Indian population helps develop context-based interventions and policies to reduce tobacco-related issues.

Objective:
This systematic review aims to synthesise the available literature evidence on the risk factors contributing to tobacco use and the protective factors safeguarding against this health risk behaviour among South Indian adults.

Methods:
The primary author conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic search using five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Science Direct from the inception to June 23, 2021. A manual search was also done in Google Scholar to find pertinent publications. 13 articles that met the review's inclusion criteria were selected from the 5063 articles that were initially found after a thorough screening process and suitable quality assessment. According to the socio-ecological model, the risk and protective factors identified were divided into five levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, community, and public.

Results:
From the included studies, the major risk factors found were stress, low perceived health effect, low income, peer influence, nature of the occupation, lack of awareness about health effects due to community marginalization, community misconception of positive aspects of tobacco use and ease of availability in the market. The major protective factors identified were awareness, perceived harm to social image, familial support, community-based health education, exposure to tobacco warning labels and government initiatives of tobacco control.

Conclusion:
The multi-level factors identified from the current review findings reveal the need for population and context-specific interventions as well as the tobacco control policies to be developed in the near future. Interventions tailored to address the risk factors and incorporate the protective factors identified would benefit the South Indian community in tackling this health burden.
Simultaneous Adsorptive/photocatalytic Removal of Organic Dyes and
Hexavalent Chromium in Single and Binary Component Systems by Manganese
Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Mahapatra Priyamabada , Das Nigamananda 
Published: November 2022

Background:
As a major source of pollutant, the effluents of dye based industries are mostly associated with several toxic heavy metals. Limited efforts have been made on simultaneous removal of both dyes and heavy metals from these effluents through adsorption/photocatalysis processes. Spinel ferrites with narrow band gap and high stability are suitable for further exploitation in this regard.

Objective:
Synthesis and characterisation of manganese ferrite nanoparticle and to assess its efficiency towards removal of organic dyes and hexavalent chromium in single and binary component systems are the objectives of this study.

Methods:
Manganese ferrite nanoparticle (MF NPs), prepared by coprecipitation, was characterised systematically by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Visible diffuse reflectance and magnetic measurement. Adsorptive and photocatalytic performances of the material under visible light were evaluated using aqueous solutions of different dyes and Cr(VI).

Results:
Characterisation by various techniques revealed the formation of cubic MF nanoparticles with narrow band gap (1.78 eV) and moderate saturation magnetization (38.5 emu/g). In comparison, the anionic dyes and Cr(VI) were better adsorbed on MF, while photoactivity was more pronounced in the case of cationic dye.

Conclusion:
MF NPs displayed potential for photo-degradation/reduction of different dyes and Cr(VI) individually or simultaneously under visible light. The catalyst can be recovered magnetically from the reaction mixture for recycling and further use.