bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Performance of MAGEC X Spine Rods: A Comparative Retrieval Study
Authors: Tognini Martina , Hothi Harry , Bergiers Sean , Shafafy Masood , Tucker Stewart , Broomfield Edel , Henckel Johann , Hart Alister 
Published: April 2022

Study Design Multicentre comparative analysis of explanted Spine Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods (MCGRs). Objectives MAGEC X, the latest commercially available generation, was recalled in 2020 due to the risk of post-implantation separation of an actuator end-cap component. Currently, the supply of all MAGEC rods was temporarily suspended in the UK and the EU. Objective of this study is to compare the performance of the MAGEC X MCGR to the earlier MAGEC 1.3 design iteration, by means of retrieval analysis. Methods Fifteen of both MAGEC X and MAGEC 1.3 rods were consecutively collected from five different hospitals following removal surgery and matched by time to removal. Clinical and implant data was collected for all MCGRs. Analysis comprised visual assessments of external damage, plain radiograph evaluations, force and elongation testing, MAGEC X end-cap torque testing and disassembly. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to statistically compare groups. Results Rod distraction reached in vivo was significantly higher in the MAGEC 1.3 ( P = .002). There was no statistically significant difference in the total external damage score ( P = .870), maximum force produced ( P = .695) or distraction reached during force test ( P = .880). No pin fracture was detected. Elongation of stroke was mildly higher ( P = .051) for the MAGEC X implants. One MAGEC X had evident end cap component loosening. Internal damage scores were mildly lower in the MAGEC X group. Conclusion MAGEC X showed similar performance results than the previous design iteration MAGEC 1.3. End-cap component loosening was observed, with no major consequences on the internal mechanism.
Towards standardization of fatigue measurement: Psychometric properties and reference values of the PROMIS Fatigue item bank in the Dutch general population
Authors: Terwee Caroline B , Elsman Ellen BM , Roorda Leo D 
Published: April 2022

Background There is little consensus on how to measure fatigue. Objectives To standardize the measurement of fatigue across populations, we aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the PROMIS Fatigue item bank in the Dutch general population and obtain reference values. Methods A sample of 1006 people participating in an internet panel completed the full v1.0 PROMIS Fatigue item bank (95 items). Structural validity (item response theory (IRT) assumptions and IRT model fit), measurement invariance/cross-cultural validity (absence of differential items functioning (DIF) for demographic variables and language, compared to data from US participants in PROMIS wave 1), and (internal) reliability (percentage of respondents with reliable estimates) were assessed. Results The IRT model assumptions were considered met (ECV 0.86, Omega-H 0.92), all items fitted the IRT model, no items showed DIF for demographic variables and seven for language, but with negligible impact on T-scores. Reliable fatigue T-scores were found for 98.3%, 69.8–82.6%, and 96.5% of the respondents with the full item bank, the standard short forms, and a simulated computerized adaptive test (CAT), respectively. The CAT administered on average only five items. A T-score of 49.1 represented the average score of the Dutch general population, T-scores <55 are considered within normal limits, T-scores of 55–59 indicate mild fatigue, T-scores of 60–70 indicate moderate fatigue, and T-scores >70 indicate severe fatigue. Conclusions The PROMIS Fatigue item bank showed sufficient structural validity, no measurement invariance for demographic characteristics, sufficient cross-cultural validity, and sufficient (internal) reliability in the Dutch general population.
High level of persister frequency in clinical staphylococcal isolates
Authors: Manandhar Sarita , Singh Anjana , Varma Ajit , Pandey Shanti , Shrivastava Neeraj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious human pathogen that causes often lethal systemic conditions that are mostly medical device associated biofilm infections. Similarly, coagulase negative staphylococci are emerging as leading pathogen for nosocomial infections owing to their ability to form biofilm on implanted medical equipment. Chronic in nature, these infections are difficult to treat. Such recalcitrance of these infections is caused mainly due to the presence of persister cells, which exhibit transient yet extreme tolerance to antibiotics. Despite tremendous clinical significance, there is lack of studies on persister cells formation among clinical bacterial isolates. Considering the importance of factors influencing persister formation, in this study, we evaluate the association of antibiotic tolerance with biofilm production, antibiotic stress, growth phase, specimen type, and dependency on staphylococcal species. Biofilm formation was detected among 375 clinical staphylococcal isolates by quantitative tissue culture plate method (TCP) and icaAD genes by genotypic method. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentration values were obtained by agar dilution method. Persister cells were measured in the susceptible staphylococcal isolates in the presence of clinically relevant antibiotics.

Results
In the study, 161 (43%) S. aureus and 214 (57%) coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from different clinical samples. TCP method detected biofilm production in 84 (52.2%) S. aureus and 90 (42.1%) CNS isolates. The genotypic method detected icaAD genes in 86 (22.9%) isolates. Majority (> 90%) of both the biofilm producers and non-producers were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline but were resistant to penicillin. Interestingly, all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin irrespective of biofilm production. While high persister frequency was observed among all staphylococci isolates in the stationary growth phase, the persister frequency in exponential growth phase was statistically high among isolates possessing icaAD genes compared to icaAD negative isolates.

Conclusion
The research findings provide strong evidence that the clinical staphylococcal isolates exhibit extreme antibiotic tolerance suggesting their causal link with treatment failures. Understanding the factors influencing the formation and maintenance of persister cells are of utmost important aspect to design therapeutics and control recalcitrant bacterial infections.
Effects of adding low-dose ketamine to etomidate on serum cortisol levels in critically ill cardiac patients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Elhamamsy Mostafa Mohammed , Aldemerdash Ahmed Mohammed , Zahran Fathi Badie , Ezz Gehan Fawzy Mahmoud , AlSaud Sara Abou , Boules Maged Labib , Abdelhady Mahdy Ahmed , Hamed Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Etomidate was associated with an inhibition of adrenal steroid synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding low-dose ketamine to etomidate to minimize the decrease in serum cortisol level in critically ill cardiac patients.

Methods
Sixty adult cardiac patients, ≥ 18 years, who underwent upper endoscopy and Colonoscopy to manage acute anemia in the cardiac intensive care units were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: (group (E): n = 30) received etomidate 0.2 mg/kg IV followed by etomidate 0.05 mg/kg IV, and (group (KE): n = 30) received ketamine 0.5 mg/kg IV, then etomidate 0.1 mg/kg IV, followed by etomidate 0.05 mg/kg IV. The primary outcome was Serum cortisol level at 6 h after the procedure.

Results
The mean postoperative cortisol level was significantly lower in group E (295.60 ± 49.218 nmol/L) versus group KE (461.00 ± 67.946 nmol/L), with 95% CI = 351.94 to 404.66; p = 0.000. In addition, the estimated serum cortisol reduction level was also significant between groups; In group E, the estimated cortisol level decreased nearly 53% from 632.40 ± 35.066 nmol/L to 295.60 ± 49.218 nmol/L 6 hours postoperative. While in group KE, the estimated cortisol level decreased only 27% from 639.13 ± 43.035 nmol/L to 461.00 ± 67.946 nmol/L.

Conclusions
Single-dose ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) was helpful to decrease the total dose of etomidate and hence decreased the percentage of serum cortisol level in such critically ill patients with preservation of patient satisfaction.

Trial Registration
This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04857450; principal investigator: Mostafa Mohammed Elsaid Elhamamsy; registration date: 23/04/ 2021).
Glycemic status, non-traditional risk and left ventricular structure and function in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Ani Chizobam , Shavlik David , Knutsen Synnove , Abudayyeh Islam , Banta Jimmie , O’Brien Emily , Mentz Robert J. , Bertoni Alain G. , Fraser Gary 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Left ventricular structure and function abnormalities may be an early marker of cardiomyopathy among African Americans with diabetes (DM) even in the absence of coronary artery disease (CAD), arrhythmia, valvular heart disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study examined the association of prediabetes (PDM), DM and HbA1c with left ventricular structure and function among Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants without traditional risk factors.

Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional analyses of the association of PDM, DM and HbA1c with, left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF), fractional shortening (LV FS), stroke volume index (SVI), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI), relative wall thickness (RWT), myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). The study was conducted in 2234 adult JHS participants without preexisting CAD, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease or ESRD. Statistical analyses included descriptive, univariate and covariate adjusted linear regression analyses. Sensitivity analyses to explore the impact of hypertension on study outcomes were also carried out.

Results
DM compared with no DM was associated with lower, SVI (− 0.96 ml/m2, p = 0.029), LVEDVI (− 1.44 ml/m2p = 0.015), and MCF (− 1.90% p = 0.007) but higher CI (0.14 L/min/m2, p < 0.001), RWT (0.01 cm, p = 0.002) and LVMI (2.29 g/m2, p = 0.009). After further control for DM duration, only CI remaining significantly higher for DM compared with no DM participants (0.12 L/min/m2, p = 0.009). PDM compared with no PDM was associated with lower, SVI (− 0.87 ml/m2, P = 0.024), LVEDVI (− 1.15 ml/m2p = 0.003) and LVESVI (− 0.62 ml/m2p = 0.025). HbA1c ≥ 8.0% compared with HbA1c < 5.7% was associated with lower SVI (− 2.09 ml/m2, p = 0.004), LVEDVI (− 2.11 ml/m2p = 0.032) and MCF (− 2.94% p = 0.011) but higher CI (0.11 L/min/m2, p = 0.043) and RWT (0.01 cm, p = 0.035).

Conclusions
Glycemic status is associated with important left ventricular structure and function changes among African Americans without prior CAD, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease and ESRD. Longitudinal studies may further elucidate these relationships.
Implicit and explicit ethnic biases in multicultural primary care: the case of trainee general practitioners
Authors: Duveau Camille , Demoulin Stéphanie , Dauvrin Marie , Lepièce Brice , Lorant Vincent 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
General Practitioners (GPs) are the first point of contact for people from ethnic and migrant groups who have health problems. Discrimination can occur in this health care sector. Few studies, however, have investigated implicit and explicit biases in general practice against ethnic and migrant groups. This study, therefore, investigated the extent of implicit ethnic biases and willingness to adapt care to migrant patients among trainee GPs, and the factors involved therein, in order to measure explicit bias and explore a dimension of cultural competence.

Methods
In 2021, data were collected from 207 trainee GPs in the French-speaking part of Belgium. The respondents passed an Implicit Association Test (IAT), a validated tool used to measure implicit biases against ethnic groups. An explicit attitude of willingness to adapt care to diversity, one of the dimensions of cultural competence, was measured using the Hudelson scale.

Results
The overwhelming majority of trainee GPs (82.6%, 95% CI: 0.77 – 0.88) had implicit preferences for their ingroup to the detriment of ethnic and migrant groups. Overall, the majority of respondents considered it the responsibility of GPs to adapt their attitudes and practices to migrants’ needs. More than 50% of trainee GPs, however, considered it the responsibility of migrant patients to adapt to the values and habits of the host country.

Conclusions
This study found that the trainee GPs had high to very high levels of implicit ethnic bias and that they were not always willing to adapt care to the values of migrants. We therefore recommend that they are made aware of this bias and we recommend using the IAT and Hudelson scales as educational tools to address ethnic biases in primary care.
Sarcopenia and associated factors according to the EWGSOP2 criteria in older people living in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Escribà-Salvans Anna , Jerez-Roig Javier , Molas-Tuneu Miriam , Farrés-Godayol Pau , Moreno-Martin Pau , Goutan-Roura Ester , Güell-Masramon Helena , Amblàs-Novellas Jordi , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra , Skelton Dawn A. , Torres-Moreno Miriam , Minobes-Molina Eduard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) updated the original definition of sarcopenia, establishing new criteria to be used globally. Early diagnosis of sarcopenia in nursing home residents and the identification of contributing factors would target interventions to reduce the incidence of malnutrition, social isolation, functional decline, hospitalization and mortality.

Aim
Verify the prevalence and the degree of severity of sarcopenia according to the new EWSGOP2 criteria and to analyse its associated factors in residents living in nursing homes in Central Catalonia (Spain).

Design
A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in 4 nursing homes. SARC-F test was applied as the initial screening, muscle strength was measured by a dynamometer, skeletal muscle mass by bioimpedance analysis and physical performance by Gait Speed. Four categories were used: total probable sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia.

Results
Among the total sample of 104 nursing home residents (mean age 84.6, ± 7.8; median 86, IQR 110), 84.6% were women and 85 (81.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 73.0-88.0) had total probable sarcopenia, 63 (60.5%) had probable sarcopenia, 19 (18.3%) had confirmed sarcopenia and 7 (6.7%) had severe sarcopenia. In the bivariate analysis, obesity was negatively associated and total time in sedentary behavior positively associated with all sarcopenia categories. In addition, malnutrition and urinary continence were positively associated with total and probable sarcopenia. Urinary incontinence was a positive associated factor of total and probable sarcopenia. In the multivariate analysis, obesity represented a negative associated factor: OR = 0.13 (0.03 - 0.57), p = 0.007 and OR = 0.14 (0.03 - 0.60), p = 0.008 with total and probable sarcopenia, respectively, adjusted by urinary incontinence status. For confirmed sarcopenia, obesity also represented a negative associated factor OR = 0.06 (0.01 - 0.99), p = 0.049 and the total time in sedentary behavior a positive associated factor OR = 1.10 (1.00- 1.20), p = 0.040.

Conclusions
According the EWGSOP2 criteria, high prevalence of sarcopenia was found in institutionalized older people, ranging from 6.7 to 81.7% depending on the category. Malnutrition, urinary incontinence and total time in sedentary behavior were associated with sarcopenia, whilst obesity represented a protective factor in this population.
Attachment styles and happiness in the elderly: the mediating role of reminiscence styles
Authors: Momeni Khodamorad , Amani Rozita , Janjani Parisa , Majzoobi Mohammad Reza , Forstmeier Simon , Nosrati Parisa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The current study aims to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and happiness through the mediating role of reminiscence styles in the elderly.

Methods
This was a correlational study of structural equations modelling (SEM) type. The statistical population included all the elderly aged at least 60 years living in Kermanshah province, Iran in 2021, among whom 380 (182 men and 198 women) were selected using convenience sampling method. Participants filled out the questionnaires of Adult Attachment Styles, Oxford Happiness, and Amani et al.’s Reminiscence Styles.

Results
The results indicated that secure attachment style has a positive and negative relationship with positive reminiscence (PR) and negative reminiscence (NR), respectively. However, the opposite held true for both avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles. It was also found that secure attachment style has a positive relationship, and avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles have a negative relationship with happiness. Moreover, participants’ gender and age had no moderating effect on the mentioned relationships. The results of SEM indicated that secure and ambivalent attachment styles were associated with happiness through both PR and NR, and avoidant attachment style was associated with happiness only through NR.

Conclusions
The findings emphasize the significance of the development of internal working models based on the kind of parent-child’s reminiscences and narratives, and the lifelong effects of these models.
Characterizing and quantifying low-value diagnostic imaging internationally: a scoping review
Authors: Kjelle Elin , Andersen Eivind Richter , Krokeide Arne Magnus , Soril Lesley J. J. , van Bodegom-Vos Leti , Clement Fiona M. , Hofmann Bjørn Morten 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundInappropriate and wasteful use of health care resources is a common problem, constituting 10–34% of health services spending in the western world. Even though diagnostic imaging is vital for identifying correct diagnoses and administrating the right treatment, low-value imaging—in which the diagnostic test confers little to no clinical benefit—is common and contributes to inappropriate and wasteful use of health care resources. There is a lack of knowledge on the types and extent of low-value imaging. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify, characterize, and quantify the extent of low-value diagnostic imaging examinations for adults and children.MethodsA scoping review of the published literature was performed. Medline-Ovid, Embase-Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published from 2010 to September 2020. The search strategy was built from medical subject headings (Mesh) for Diagnostic imaging/Radiology OR Health service misuse/Medical overuse OR Procedures and Techniques Utilization/Facilities and Services Utilization. Articles in English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, or Norwegian were included.ResultsA total of 39,986 records were identified and, of these, 370 studies were included in the final synthesis. Eighty-four low-value imaging examinations were identified. Imaging of atraumatic pain, routine imaging in minor head injury, trauma, thrombosis, urolithiasis, after thoracic interventions, fracture follow-up and cancer staging/follow-up were the most frequently identified low-value imaging examinations. The proportion of low-value imaging varied between 2 and 100% inappropriate or unnecessary examinations.ConclusionsA comprehensive list of identified low-value radiological examinations for both adults and children are presented. Future research should focus on reasons for low-value imaging utilization and interventions to reduce the use of low-value imaging internationally.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42020208072.
Validity of self-report measures of cannabis use compared to biological samples among women of reproductive age: a scoping review
Authors: Skelton Kara R. , Donahue Erin , Benjamin-Neelon Sara E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Most existing evidence about the prevalence of prenatal cannabis use relies on self-reported measures, which is limited by social desirability bias and recall bias. To date, several studies have examined the validity of self-reported measures of prenatal cannabis use, but this evidence has yet to be synthesized. To address this gap, we performed a scoping review to systematically identify and synthesize existing evidence on the validity of self-reported measures of cannabis use among pregnant women.

Methods
We searched PubMed, PyschINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane/CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2010 and June 2021. We included studies that compared self-reported measures of cannabis use to a biochemical measure of cannabis (e.g., urine, hair, meconium) in pregnant women. We excluded studies reporting solely on prenatal cannabis use prevalence as well as those that examined self-reported drug use in which cannabis use was not a distinct category.

Results
We found 12 unique studies (11 primary studies and one systematic review) that examined the validity of self-reported prenatal cannabis use, compared to a biochemical sample. Most studies were conducted in the US and conducted in either a hospital or clinical setting. We found that self-report was more valid in populations with a current or prior history of drug use. Self-report was also more valid when assessed via interviews by research team members than health care provider screenings or self-administered surveys. The most commonly used biochemical measure used was urine drug testing, which was found to have the highest level of concordance with self-report.

Conclusions
This scoping review systematically mapped existing evidence on the validity of self-reported prenatal cannabis use. Although much remains unknown in this area, an important next step is a systematic review that would provide robust evidence on clinical utilization of self-reported use in conjunction with biochemical samples. Further research is needed to examine validity by type of measure and mode of administration. Additionally, future studies could assess factors associated with disclosure of use across different critical maternal health periods beyond pregnancy.