bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking Refuge in Religion: Buddhist-Oriented Coping following Late-Life Immigration
Authors: Wijekoon Sachindri , Laliberte Rudman Debbie , Hand Carri , Polgar Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite a recognition of religion as a resource for coping in later life, few studies have examined how religion is summoned to cope with the stressors of late-life immigration. Drawing upon data generated in a phenomenological study of the aging-out-place experience, this article presents a hermeneutic analysis of textual extracts addressing 10 Sri Lankan-born late-life immigrants’ Buddhist beliefs and practices, and how these beliefs and practices contributed to coping with immigration stressors. Four shared experiences facilitated through religious engagement were revealed: religious engagement as a source of purpose, making meaning of suffering and experiencing hope, non-attachment, and connecting to the past and the ethnoreligious community. Late-life immigrants drew on religious engagement to remain resolute amidst adversities, thus reinforcing the importance of culturally responsive milieus and services to support religion-focused coping. Findings are interpreted in relation to Pargament’s (1997) theory of religious coping.
Hockey Puck Strike Rates and Injuries at National Hockey League Games: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from Six Seasons
Authors: Milsten Andrew , Ness Joshua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImportance:This paper provides a large-scale, per-National Hockey League (NHL) season analysis of hockey puck strike (HPS) injury data and also provides estimates of injury frequency and severity.Objective:The study’s goal was to quantify and describe the rate and type of spectator HPS injuries at NHL games.Design:This was a retrospective review of summary data reports for patients evaluated by on-site health care providers over six seasons (2013-2018). Data were obtained from a single Emergency Medical Service (EMS) agency.Setting:Location of study was one US-based NHL venue.Results:There were 51 HPS recorded. This accounted for 0.93% of total patient contacts translating to a patient per 10,000 (PPTT) of 0.116. This was compared to a PPTT of 12.6 for all patient contacts. The average age of a patron with a HPS was 31 years old. There was an even split between male and female patrons with HPS. The most common location for a HPS was the head or face (75%) followed by upper extremity injuries. Laceration was most frequently diagnosed followed by contusions and pain. Approximately one-quarter of people struck by hockey pucks were transported to the hospital, with the transport to hospital rate (TTHR) being 0.027, compared to the total TTHR of 2.7.Conclusions and Relevance:Hockey is a safe sport to watch, although HPS are the spectator hazard of concern given that pucks can travel into the stands at 100mph. Most injuries are minor and occur only one percent of the time; but when they do occur, these fans tend to need transport to the hospital. Finally, HPS tend to occur along the lateral sides of the rink where the glass level is lower and there is no protective netting.
The Utilization of Handheld Ultrasound Devices in a Prehospital Setting
Authors: Ienghong Kamonwon , Cheung Lap Woon , Tiamkao Somsak , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Apiratwarakul Korakot 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Prehospital ultrasounds can be considered a new form of diagnostic tool when taking into account their small structure and due to the fact that nowadays, they are used in the care of emergency patients. However, at present, there is no study regarding the advantage of ultrasound usage in prehospital settings in Thailand.Study Objective:This study aims to determine the sonographic characteristics recorded by handheld ultrasounds used in prehospital care and the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasounds for prehospital patients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on prehospital patients who underwent point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) examination on Emergency Medical Service (EMS) operations at Srinagarind Hospital, Thailand from January 2021 through December 2021. The ultrasound images, the electronic emergency department medical records, and the EMS database were recorded and reviewed by a team of emergency physicians. The quality of prehospital ultrasound examinations was assessed by comparing the diagnoses at the scene with those taken at the hospital.Results:One hundred sixty-nine prehospital patients who received POCUS examinations were examined over a one-year period. All (100.0%) of the scans were for medical cases. No ultrasound protocol was used in the prehospital care. Two hundred eight POCUS examinations were performed in this study. The most common POCUS indication was dyspnea (45.6%), followed by hypotension/shock (30.1%), and finally syncope (8.2%). The most common area where POCUS was performed was on the lung (37.0%), followed by the inferior vena cava (30.8%), and finally for cardiac cases (26.4%). This study found that 34.9% of sonographic findings could be considered abnormal. The diagnoses of prehospital patients were confirmed by using POCUS in 66 cases (39.1%) with the accuracy of prehospital diagnosis reaching a peak of 75.8%.Conclusion:This study shows POCUS examinations can be effectively used in prehospital care. The prehospital diagnosis given by physicians administering treatment who used POCUS examinations correlated with the in-hospital diagnosis.
Improving Quantitative EDS Chemical Analysis of Alloy Nanoparticles by PCA Denoising: Part II. Uncertainty Intervals
Authors: Moreira Murilo , Hillenkamp Matthias , Divitini Giorgio , Tizei Luiz H. G. , Ducati Caterina , Cotta Monica A. , Rodrigues Varlei , Ugarte Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnalytical studies of nanoparticles (NPs) are frequently based on huge datasets derived from hyperspectral images acquired using scanning transmission electron microscopy. These large datasets require machine learning computational tools to reduce dimensionality and extract relevant information. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a commonly used procedure to reconstruct information and generate a denoised dataset; however, several open questions remain regarding the accuracy and precision of reconstructions. Here, we use experiments and simulations to test the effect of PCA processing on data obtained from AuAg alloy NPs a few nanometers wide with different compositions. This study aims to address the reliability of chemical quantification after PCA processing. Our results show that the PCA treatment mitigates the contribution of Poisson noise and leads to better quantification, indicating that denoised results may be reliable from the point of view of both uncertainty and accuracy for properly planned experiments. However, the initial data need to be of sufficient quality: these results can only be obtained if the signal-to-noise ratio of input data exceeds a minimal value to avoid the occurrence of random noise bias in the PCA reconstructions.
TWO-SORTED FREGE ARITHMETIC IS NOT CONSERVATIVE
Authors: MACKERETH STEPHEN , AVIGAD JEREMY 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNeo-Fregean logicists claim that Hume’s Principle (HP) may be taken as an implicit definition of cardinal number, true simply by fiat. A long-standing problem for neo-Fregean logicism is that HP is not deductively conservative over pure axiomatic second-order logic. This seems to preclude HP from being true by fiat. In this paper, we study Richard Kimberly Heck’s Two-Sorted Frege Arithmetic (2FA), a variation on HP which has been thought to be deductively conservative over second-order logic. We show that it isn’t. In fact, 2FA is not conservative over n-th order logic, for all
$n \geq 2$
. It follows that in the usual one-sorted setting, HP is not deductively Field-conservative over second- or higher-order logic.
Are there sex differences in fetal growth strategies and in the long-term effects of pregnancy complications on cognitive functioning?
Authors: Christians Julian K. , Chow Natalie A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMales and females have been proposed to have different prenatal growth strategies, whereby males invest more in fetal growth and less in placental development, leaving them more susceptible to early-life adversity. We tested predictions of this hypothesis using data from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project. Male newborns were heavier than females, but there was no difference in placental weight, adjusting for birthweight. Among infants born prior to 33 weeks, the difference in birthweight between males and females was greater among those who did not survive than among those who did, potentially reflecting a strategy whereby males maintained growth in the face of prenatal insults, while females adjusted growth. However, there was no significant difference in mortality between the sexes. Being born small-for-gestational age or very preterm (prior to 33 weeks) was associated with significantly reduced performance for most of the cognitive traits examined at 7 years, although maternal preeclampsia was associated with reduced performance in fewer traits. Generally, these effects of early-life adversity (poor fetal growth, prematurity, and preeclampsia) did not differ between the sexes. However, analyzing the sexes separately (rather than testing the interaction between sex and adversity) resulted in numerous spurious sex-specific effects, whereby the effect of early-life adversity appeared to be significant in one sex but not the other. Overall, we found little support for the hypothesis that males prioritize growth more than females, and that this makes them more susceptible to early-life adversity. Furthermore, our results show that analyzing the sexes separately, rather than testing the adversity by sex interaction, can be highly misleading.
Multiple resistance to imazethapyr, atrazine, and glyphosate in a recently introduced Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) accession in Wisconsin
Authors: Faleco Felipe A. , Oliveira Maxwel C. , Arneson Nicholas J. , Renz Mark , Stoltenberg David E. , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe continued dispersal of Palmer amaranth can impose detrimental impacts on cropping systems in Wisconsin. Our objective was to characterize the response of a recently introduced Palmer amaranth accession in southern Wisconsin to postemergence (POST) and preemergence (PRE) herbicides commonly used in corn and soybean. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with the Wisconsin putative herbicide-resistant accession (BRO) and two additional control accessions from Nebraska, a glyphosate-resistant (KEI2) and a glyphosate-susceptible (KEI3) accession. POST treatments were 2,4-D, atrazine, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, imazethapyr, lactofen, and mesotrione at 1X and 3X label rates. PRE treatments were atrazine, mesotrione, metribuzin, S-metolachlor, and sulfentrazone at 0.5X, 1X, and 3X label rates. Plant survival of each accession was ≥63% after exposure to imazethapyr POST 3X rate. Survival of BRO and KEI2 was 44% (±13) and 50% (±13), respectively, after exposure to atrazine POST 3X rate. Survival of BRO was 69% (±12) after exposure to glyphosate POST 1X rate, whereas survival of KEI2 was 44% (±13) after exposure to glyphosate POST 3X rate. After exposure to 2,4-D POST 1X rate, KEI2 and KEI3 survival was 38% (±13) and 50% (±13), respectively. Survival of all accessions was ≤31% after exposure to 2,4-D POST 3X rate or dicamba, glufosinate, lactofen, and mesotrione POST at either rate. Plant density reduction of KEI2 was 77% (±13) after exposure to atrazine PRE 1X rate, whereas density reduction of BRO was 56% (±13) after exposure to atrazine PRE 3X rate. Plant density reduction of all accessions was ≥94% after exposure to mesotrione PRE 1X and 3X rates or metribuzin, S-metolachlor, and sulfentrazone PRE at either rate. Our results suggest that each accession is resistant (≥50% survival) to imazethapyr POST, that BRO and KEI2 are resistant to atrazine and glyphosate POST, and that KEI2 and KEI3 are resistant to 2,4-D POST. The recently introduced BRO accession exhibited multiple resistance to imazethapyr, atrazine, and glyphosate POST. In addition, atrazine PRE was ineffective for BRO control, suggesting that diversified resistance management strategies will be critical for its effective management.
Active Nitrogen Cycle Driven by Solar Radiation in Clean Desert Air
Authors: Wu Feng , Hu Tafeng , Cao Junji , Guo Xiao , Li Guohui , Zhang Ting , Yang Yikun , Zhao Chuanfeng , Zhang Daizhou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeserts have been recognized as constantly releasing reactive nitrogen compounds to the atmosphere due to the subsoil‐storage leaching and surface‐deposit evaporation induced by solar radiative heating. However, this release and the consequent response of the nitrogen cycles in desert air have not been evaluated and are overlooked in most regional and global models. In our nitrate measurements, including nitric acid and particulate nitrate, in clean air, that is, in the absence of or with minor anthropogenic influences, in a Chinese desert, diurnal nitrate variations consisting of daytime increases and nighttime decreases were observed in the range of 1.3–3.7 μgm−3 in summer, 0.1–2.6 μgm−3 in spring, and 0.2–1.3 μgm−3 in autumn. These values are considerably higher than those observed in remote marine and forest areas. Simulations with a regional transport model demonstrate that the variation could be largely accounted for by the oxidation of soil‐emitted reactive nitrogen compounds by photochemical‐reactions products. These results indicate an active nitrogen cycle in clean desert air, which is the consequence of the coordination of solar radiation‐induced surface soil emission and subsequent photochemical reactions. Satellite data of NO2 further indicate possible similar cycles in most major desert areas worldwide. By including this nitrogen cycle in the vast desert areas and its subsequent effects, such as those on ozone chemistry, climate models may thus provide a better understanding of the global nitrogen budget in the historical and developing Earth ecosystems.
Uncovering the Large‐Scale Meteorology That Drives Continental, Shallow, Green Cumulus Through Supervised Classification
Authors: Dror Tom , Silverman Vered , Altaratz Orit , Chekroun Mickaël D. , Koren Ilan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne of the major sources of uncertainty in climate prediction results from the limitations in representing shallow cumulus (Cu) in models. Recently, a class of continental shallow convective Cu was shown to share distinct morphological properties and to emerge globally mostly over forests and vegetated areas, thus named greenCu. Using machine‐learning supervised classification, we identify greenCu fields over three regions, from the tropics to mid‐ and higher‐latitudes, and establish a novel satellite‐based data set called greenCuDb, consisting of 1° × 1° sized, high‐resolution MODIS images. Using greenCuDb in conjunction with ERA5 reanalysis data, we create greenCu composites for different regions and reveal that greenCu are driven by similar large‐scale meteorological conditions, regardless of their geographical locations throughout the world's continents. These conditions include distinct profiles of temperature, humidity and large‐scale vertical velocity. The boundary layer is anomalously warm and moderately humid, and is accompanied by a strong large‐scale subsidence in the free troposphere.
Ocean‐Sea Ice Processes and Their Role in Multi‐Month Predictability of Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Libera Stephy , Hobbs Will , Klocker Andreas , Meyer Amelie , Matear Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAntarctic sea ice is a critical component of the climate system and a vital habitat for Southern Ocean ecosystems. Understanding the underlying physical processes and improving Antarctic sea ice prediction is of broad interest. Using the model data, we investigate sea ice and upper ocean predictability at interannual timescales in the Weddell Sea region. We find that oceanic predictability is largely confined to the Winter Water layer and responds to seasonal modifications of the water column, mainly driven by sea ice processes. Predictability depends not only on the depth of the Winter Water layer, but also on how strongly stratified its base is. Predictability is lost when warm Circumpolar Deep Water with no sea ice‐related memory entrains into the mixed layer. We show the strong dependence of sea ice predictability on the local upper ocean vertical structure, which suggests that both are likely to change in a warming climate.
Stratospheric Moistening After 2000
Authors: Konopka Paul , Tao Mengchu , Ploeger Felix , Hurst Dale F. , Santee Michelle L. , Wright Jonathon S. , Riese Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe significant climate feedback of stratospheric water vapor (SWV) necessitates quantitative estimates of SWV budget changes. Model simulations driven by the newest European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast reanalysis ERA5, satellite observations from the Stratospheric Water and OzOne Satellite Homogenized data set, Microwave Limb Sounder, and in situ frost point hygrometer observations from Boulder all show substantial and persistent stratospheric moistening after a sharp drop in water vapor at the turn of the millennium. This moistening occurred mainly during 2000–2006 and SWV abundances then remained high over the last decade. We find strong positive trends in the Northern Hemisphere and weak negative trends over the South Pole, mainly during austral winter. Moistening of the tropical stratosphere after 2000 occurred during late boreal winter/spring, reached values of ∼0.2 ppm/decade, was well correlated with a warming of the cold point tropopause by ∼0.4 K/decade and can only be partially attributed to El Nino‐Southern Oscillation and volcanic eruptions.
Feasibility of Estimating Parameters and Enhancing Reflections of Dipping Moho From Teleseismic P Wave Coda Autocorrelation
Authors: Zhou Jinju , Hu Nan , Hu Yong , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTeleseismic P wave coda autocorrelation can retrieve reflections from subsurface structural boundaries, which can be used in lithospheric imaging. However, dipping structures cause difficulty in extraction of reflections and errors in depth estimation. Based on a previously proposed velocity analysis method, we formulated a method for estimating the dipping parameters and correcting the effects of dipping structures. First, we derived an arrival time formula for the PP reflection of the dipping Moho, which includes the effects of the ray parameters, dipping structures, and azimuthal distribution of available events. Second, the formula was used for move out correction and velocity analysis. Finally, by scanning the peak of the Moho energy group in the velocity spectrum, which varies with the azimuth and dip angles, a method was proposed to estimate the dipping parameters of the Moho. We referred to the scanning map as a dipping spectrum. A field data test at station NE44 revealed the prospects of the practical applications of this method. The dip angle of the Moho below the station was 3°, and exhibited an azimuth angle of 25°NE. The stacked waveform of the Moho reflection was significantly enhanced. This method was successfully applied to more stations adjacent to station NE44. Our results provide new insight on the Moho in this area, which are important for imaging and interpretation in areas that contain a dipping Moho such as plate subduction zones.
Measurements of a Dusty Density Current in the Western Sonoran Desert
Authors: Evan A. T. , Porter W. , Clemesha R. , Kuwano A. , Frouin R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHere we present observations of a dust storm that occurred on 22 February 2020 in the northwestern Sonoran Desert. In‐situ and remotely sensed measurements and output from numerical simulations suggest that evaporative cooling from cold frontal orographic precipitation spilling over an upwind mountain range generated a density current, with dust uplift occurring as the density current traveled over the emissive desert surface. Because the density current was laden with dust, time series of vertical profiles of aerosol backscatter and extinction from a ceilometer located 25 km downwind of the initial dust emission event show a well‐developed density current structure, including an overturning frontal head with a vertical extent of 1.2 km. Ceilometer measurements and soundings suggest a density current body depth of 400–500 m exhibiting a two‐layer structure that consisted of a positively sheared and dusty lower‐level, and a negatively sheared and pristine upper level. Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability at the top of the density current cold pool generated quasi‐regular oscillations in the height of the dust and pristine‐sky interfacial layer. Ridges and troughs in the height of this interfacial layer were coupled to maxima and minima in surface wind speed and near surface dust concentrations, respectively, with peak dust concentrations located directly under the interfacial layer ridges. These results corroborate several findings from model studies of dust emission and transport by density currents, and suggest that the internal circulation of a density current modifies the timing of dust emission and the patterns of dust concentration within the current body.
Thank You to Our 2021 Reviewers
Authors: AghaKouchak Amir , Caylor Kelly , Dalin Carole , de Beurs Kirsten , Diffenbaugh Noah , Guan Dabo , Kopp Robert , Kroll Jesse , Mishra Vimal , Reed Patrick M. , Zhang Xin , Kruse Sarah , Grimm Nancy , Mari Céline , Moradkhani Hamid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe are delighted to publish the names of the 613 peer reviewers who submitted 904 reviews in 2021. We express our deep appreciation for your thoughtful comments and suggestions on manuscripts submitted to Earth's Future.
Bi‐Directional Energy Cascades in the Pacific Ocean From Equator to Subarctic Gyre
Authors: Qiu Bo , Nakano Toshiya , Chen Shuiming , Klein Patrice 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOcean circulation receives its energy input at basin scales while dissipates at microscopic mixing scale. How this energy is transferred across different lengthscales is of paramount importance for understanding the ocean circulation equilibration and variability. Advancement in high‐resolution numerical simulations in recent years has significantly improved our understanding of kinetic energy (KE) cascades from basin to kilometer scales, although observational evidence to verify the simulated processes remains limited. Using repeat ship‐board velocity measurements along 165°E across the equatorial, subtropical and subarctic Pacific Ocean, we show that the length scale separating the inverse and forward cascades, LS, falls in the 8 ∼ 300 km range and it does not scale straightforwardly with the baroclinic deformation radius. Balanced and unbalanced oceanic motions co‐exist in this range but contribute oppositely to the directional energy cascades. LS is observed to depend on the relative strengths of these motions, as well as by their interaction.