bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking the Quality of Chinese to English Geotourism Interpretation: the SSC Model Based on Eco-translatology
Authors: Li Qiang Jason , Zhu Fangzhou Noah , Ng Young 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe global growth of geotourism has increased the demand and quality for geotourism interpretation. However, in its pioneer stage, geotourism interpretation has much ineffective interpretation, which hinders the informative purpose of geotourism. Moreover, geotourism interpretation lacks a systematic quality evaluation model. Such a model is essential to the future of reliable interpretation and the minimising of ineffective interpretation. This paper exams whether the currently proposed SSC model (Semantic, Style and Cultural Equivalence) for translation benchmarking purposes can effectively ensure the quality of geotourism interpretation. The SSC model is built on the three geotourism categories (ABC-Abiotic, Biotic and Culture), the unique principles of geotourism interpretation (which are determined by its objectives) and the theory of Eco-translatology. To enhance corpus research, the digital auxiliary tools, Tmxmall (2014) and Sketch Engine (2003), were used. The detailed SSC model was shaped through corpus-based contrastive analysis. The model contains a total of eight criteria that the interpreter should follow, including four for semantic equivalence: linguistic accuracy, scientific accuracy of terminology, reader acceptability of terminology, and semantic completeness of geo-information; and three for style equivalence: logical syntax, concise syntax and appropriate voice syntax. The final criterion is an accurate connotation in cultural elements. The main research findings were that the SSC model can minimise ineffective interpretation of Chinese to English geodata and guarantee accurate transmission of data for geotourism in Chinese UNESCO Global Geoparks.
Physicochemical, antioxidant and sensory properties of Mango Sorbet containing L-theanine as a potential functional food product
Authors: Williams Jackson , D’Cunha Nathan M. , Kellett Jane , Georgousopoulou Ekavi N. , McKune Andrew J. , Mellor Duane D. , Naumovski Nenad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe non-proteinous amino acid L-theanine (L-THE) is associated with a range of health benefits including improvements in immune function, cardiovascular outcomes and cognition. The aims of this study were to develop a food product (mango sorbet; ms-L-THE) containing physiologically relevant doses of L-THE (0.2/100 g w/w) and determine its antioxidant, physicochemical and sensory properties in comparison to a mango sorbet without L-THE (ms). Total phenolic and flavanol content, and antioxidant analysis (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS) were determined spectrophotometrically. Both products were also evaluated for acceptability and likeability in healthy participants using the 9-point hedonic scale. Any differences that could be caused by the addition of L-THE were examined using the triangle test. Results indicated no significant differences between ms-L-THE and ms in taste of the products (p > 0.05), and the ms-L-THE was well received and accepted as a potential commercial product. Findings of the DPPH assay indicated significant difference between the two products (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we have successfully created a mango sorbet that contains a potentially physiologically relevant concentration of L-THE with antioxidant properties that could be used as a novel method of L-THE delivery to clinical and healthy populations.
Comparison between real-world practice and application of the FRAX algorithm in the treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Zoccarato Francesca , Ceolin Chiara , Trevisan Caterina , Citron Anna , Haxhiaj Labjona , Guarnaccia Aurelio , Panozzo Matteo , Campodall’Orto Carlotta , Coin Alessandra , Giannini Sandro , Sergi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
The most recent guidelines suggest treating patients whose FRAX 10-year fracture risk scores are ≥ 20%. However, this method of evaluation does not take into account parameters that are nonetheless relevant to the therapeutic choice. Our aim was to compare the therapeutic choices for treatment based on a wider assessment (real-world practice) with those based on FRAX scores, taking 20% as the cut-off score.

Methods
We obtained the medical history, bone mineral density (BMD) values, and the presence of major fragility fractures in a sample of 856 postmenopausal women. The 10-year FRAX risk of major osteoporotic fracture was calculated, and patients were grouped into risk classes (“FRAX < 20%” = low, “FRAX ≥ 20%” = high); we then compared the treated and untreated patients in each class. After an average interval of 2.5 years, changes in lumbar and femoral BMD and appearances of new fragility fractures were recorded.

Results
83% of high-risk patients and 57% of low-risk patients were treated. The therapeutic decision was based mainly on densitometric values and the presence of vertebral fractures. At the 2.5 year follow-up, lumbar spine and femur BMD had decreased in the untreated group; 9.9% of the treated patients developed new vertebral fragility fractures, compared with 5.3% of the untreated patients.

Discussion and conclusions
Our wider assessment designated as at high fracture risk a group of patients who had not been identified by the FRAX assessment. FRAX could underestimate the risk of fracture in older people, for which the therapeutic choice should consider a broader approach, also based on individual patient’s needs.
Critical Review on cathode–electrolyte Interphase Toward High-Voltage Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Jijian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe thermal stability window of current commercial carbonate-based electrolytes is no longer sufficient to meet the ever-increasing cathode working voltage requirements of high energy density lithium-ion batteries. It is crucial to construct a robust cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) for high-voltage cathode electrodes to separate the electrolytes from the active cathode materials and thereby suppress the side reactions. Herein, this review presents a brief historic evolution of the mechanism of CEI formation and compositions, the state-of-art characterizations and modeling associated with CEI, and how to construct robust CEI from a practical electrolyte design perspective. The focus on electrolyte design is categorized into three parts: CEI-forming additives, anti-oxidation solvents, and lithium salts. Moreover, practical considerations for electrolyte design applications are proposed. This review will shed light on the future electrolyte design which enables aggressive high-voltage cathodes.
Earlier onset of North Atlantic hurricane season with warming oceans
Authors: Truchelut Ryan E. , Klotzbach Philip J. , Staehling Erica M. , Wood Kimberly M. , Halperin Daniel J. , Schreck Carl J. , Blake Eric S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNumerous Atlantic basin tropical cyclones have recently developed prior to the official start of hurricane season, including several pre-season landfalls in the continental United States. Pre-season and early-season tropical cyclones disproportionately affect populated landmasses, often producing outsized precipitation impacts. Here we show a significant trend towards earlier onset of tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic basin, with threshold dates of the first three percentiles of accumulated cyclone energy shifting earlier at a rate exceeding five days decade−1 since 1979, even correcting for biases in climatology due to increased detection of short-lived storms. Initial threshold dates of continental United States named storm landfalls have trended earlier by two days decade−1 since 1900. The trend towards additional pre-season and early-season activity is linked to spring thermodynamic conditions becoming more conducive for tropical cyclone formation. Genesis potential index value increases in the western Atlantic basin are primarily driven by warming ocean temperatures.
Dynamic cybergenetic control of bacterial co-culture composition via optogenetic feedback
Authors: Gutiérrez Mena Joaquín , Kumar Sant , Khammash Mustafa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCommunities of microbes play important roles in natural environments and hold great potential for deploying division-of-labor strategies in synthetic biology and bioproduction. However, the difficulty of controlling the composition of microbial consortia over time hinders their optimal use in many applications. Here, we present a fully automated, high-throughput platform that combines real-time measurements and computer-controlled optogenetic modulation of bacterial growth to implement precise and robust compositional control of a two-strainE. colicommunity. In addition, we develop a general framework for dynamic modeling of synthetic genetic circuits in the physiological context ofE. coliand use a host-aware model to determine the optimal control parameters of our closed-loop compositional control system. Our platform succeeds in stabilizing the strain ratio of multiple parallel co-cultures at arbitrary levels and in changing these targets over time, opening the door for the implementation of dynamic compositional programs in synthetic bacterial communities.
Widespread impact-generated porosity in early planetary crusts
Authors: Wiggins Sean E. , Johnson Brandon C. , Collins Gareth S. , Jay Melosh H. , Marchi Simone 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft revealed the crust of the Moon is highly porous, with ~4% porosity at 20 km deep. The deep lying porosity discovered by GRAIL has been difficult to explain, with most current models only able to explain high porosity near the lunar surface (first few kilometers) or inside complex craters. Using hydrocode routines we simulated fracturing and generation of porosity by large impacts in lunar, martian, and Earth crust. Our simulations indicate impacts that produce 100–1000 km scale basins alone are capable of producing all observed porosity within the lunar crust. Simulations under the higher surface gravity of Mars and Earth suggest basin forming impacts can be a primary source of porosity and fracturing of ancient planetary crusts. Thus, we show that impacts could have supported widespread crustal fluid circulation, with important implications for subsurface habitable environments on early Earth and Mars.
Spatiotemporal single-cell regulatory atlas reveals neural crest lineage diversification and cellular function during tooth morphogenesis
Authors: Jing Junjun , Feng Jifan , Yuan Yuan , Guo Tingwei , Lei Jie , Pei Fei , Ho Thach-Vu , Chai Yang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCranial neural crest cells are an evolutionary innovation of vertebrates for craniofacial development and function, yet the mechanisms that govern the cell fate decisions of postmigratory cranial neural crest cells remain largely unknown. Using the mouse molar as a model, we perform single-cell transcriptome profiling to interrogate the cell fate diversification of postmigratory cranial neural crest cells. We reveal the landscape of transcriptional heterogeneity and define the specific cellular domains during the progression of cranial neural crest cell-derived dental lineage diversification, and find that each domain makes a specific contribution to distinct molar mesenchymal tissues. Furthermore, IGF signaling-mediated cell-cell interaction between the cellular domains highlights the pivotal role of autonomous regulation of the dental mesenchyme. Importantly, we reveal cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks in the dental mesenchyme and show that Foxp4 is indispensable for the differentiation of periodontal ligament. Our single-cell atlas provides comprehensive mechanistic insight into the cell fate diversification process of the cranial neural crest cell-derived odontogenic populations.
Early treatment regimens achieve sustained virologic remission in infant macaques infected with SIV at birth
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Vincent Eunice , Siddiqui Summer , Turnbull Katherine , Lu Hong , Blair Robert , Wu Xueling , Watkins Meagan , Ziani Widade , Shao Jiasheng , Doyle-Meyers Lara A. , Russell-Lodrigue Kasi E. , Bohm Rudolf P. , Veazey Ronald S. , Xu Huanbin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarly antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected infants generally fails to achieve a sustained state of ART-free virologic remission, even after years of treatment. Our studies show that viral reservoir seeding is different in neonatal macaques intravenously exposed to SIV at birth, in contrast to adults. Furthermore, one month of ART including an integrase inhibitor, initiated at day 3, but not day 4 or 5 post infection, efficiently and rapidly suppresses viremia to undetectable levels. Intervention initiated at day 3 post infection and continued for 9 months achieves a sustained virologic remission in 4 of 5 infants. Collectively, an early intervention strategy within a key timeframe and regimen may result in viral remission or successful post-exposure prophylaxis for neonatal SIV infection, which may be clinically relevant for optimizing treatment strategies for HIV-infected or exposed infants.
A direct excitatory projection from entorhinal layer 6b neurons to the hippocampus contributes to spatial coding and memory
Authors: Ben-Simon Yoav , Kaefer Karola , Velicky Philipp , Csicsvari Jozsef , Danzl Johann G. , Jonas Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe mammalian hippocampal formation (HF) plays a key role in several higher brain functions, such as spatial coding, learning and memory. Its simple circuit architecture is often viewed as a trisynaptic loop, processing input originating from the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and sending it back to its deeper layers. Here, we show that excitatory neurons in layer 6b of the mouse EC project to all sub-regions comprising the HF and receive input from the CA1, thalamus and claustrum. Furthermore, their output is characterized by unique slow-decaying excitatory postsynaptic currents capable of driving plateau-like potentials in their postsynaptic targets. Optogenetic inhibition of the EC-6b pathway affects spatial coding in CA1 pyramidal neurons, while cell ablation impairs not only acquisition of new spatial memories, but also degradation of previously acquired ones. Our results provide evidence of a functional role for cortical layer 6b neurons in the adult brain.
RNA sequencing-based single sample predictors of molecular subtype and risk of recurrence for clinical assessment of early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Staaf Johan , Häkkinen Jari , Hegardt Cecilia , Saal Lao H. , Kimbung Siker , Hedenfalk Ingrid , Lien Tonje , Sørlie Therese , Naume Bjørn , Russnes Hege , Marcone Rachel , Ayyanan Ayyakkannu , Brisken Cathrin , Malterling Rebecka R. , Asking Bengt , Olofsson Helena , Lindman Henrik , Bendahl Pär-Ola , Ehinger Anna , Larsson Christer , Loman Niklas , Rydén Lisa , Malmberg Martin , Borg Åke , Vallon-Christersson Johan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultigene assays for molecular subtypes and biomarkers can aid management of early invasive breast cancer. Using RNA-sequencing we aimed to develop single-sample predictor (SSP) models for clinical markers, subtypes, and risk of recurrence (ROR). A cohort of 7743 patients was divided into training and test set. We trained SSPs for subtypes and ROR assigned by nearest-centroid (NC) methods and SSPs for biomarkers from histopathology. Classifications were compared with Prosigna in two external cohorts (ABiM, n = 100 and OSLO2-EMIT0, n = 103). Prognostic value was assessed using distant recurrence-free interval. Agreement between SSP and NC for PAM50 (five subtypes) was high (85%, Kappa = 0.78) for Subtype (four subtypes) very high (90%, Kappa = 0.84) and for ROR risk category high (84%, Kappa = 0.75, weighted Kappa = 0.90). Prognostic value was assessed as equivalent and clinically relevant. Agreement with histopathology was very high or high for receptor status, while moderate for Ki67 status and poor for Nottingham histological grade. SSP and Prosigna concordance was high for subtype (OSLO-EMIT0 83%, Kappa = 0.73 and ABiM 80%, Kappa = 0.72) and moderate and high for ROR risk category (68 and 84%, Kappa = 0.50 and 0.70, weighted Kappa = 0.70 and 0.78). Pooled concordance for emulated treatment recommendation dichotomized for chemotherapy was high (85%, Kappa = 0.66). Retrospective evaluation suggested that SSP application could change chemotherapy recommendations for up to 17% of postmenopausal ER+/HER2-/N0 patients with balanced escalation and de-escalation. Results suggest that NC and SSP models are interchangeable on a group-level and nearly so on a patient level and that SSP models can be derived to closely match clinical tests.
Insights into Ag-NPs-mediated pathophysiology and ultrastructural aberrations in ovarian tissues of darkling beetles
Authors: El-Samad Lamia M. , Hassan Mohamed A. , Bakr Nahed R. , El-Ashram Saeed , Radwan Eman H. , Abdul Aziz Karoline K. , Hussein Hussein K. , El Wakil Abeer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the evolution of nanostructure materials, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) emerged as the predominantly exploited nanomaterial in multifarious sectors due to their versatile properties. Along with the heightening applications of Ag-NPs, however, there is increasing concern over their indubitable toxicity towards the ecosystem, which indeed affects surrounding organisms and human health. In this study, we evaluated the detrimental effects of Ag-NPs in relation to Egyptian wild female beetles, Blaps polychresta, after injection with a single dose of Ag-NPs at different doses and monitoring for 30 days to determine the sublethal dose. Accordingly, the sublethal dose revealed the lowest negative influence was found at 0.03 mg/g body weight. The adverse impacts of Ag-NPs on the ovaries of female beetles were investigated by estimating the enzyme activities, DNA damage using a comet assay, and apoptosis by means of flow cytometry. Besides, the ultrastructural abnormalities were surveyed adopting transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results manifested comet cells of 7.67 ± 0.88% and 22.33 ± 0.51 for Ag-NPs treated and control groups, respectively. Similarly, the data from flow cytometry demonstrated a substantial reduction in viable cells associated with a significant rise in apoptotic cells for the Ag-NPs treated group in comparison with the control group. Moreover, significant disturbances in enzyme activities for the treated group were perceived correlated with evident diminutions in antioxidant enzymes. Remarkably, the ultrastructural investigation emphasized these findings, exposing considerable deformities of the ovaries in the Ag-NPs treated group compared with the control group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report discussing the influence of Ag-NPs at the lowest dose on ovaries of B. polychresta. Collectively, our findings would significantly contribute to considering the critical effects of Ag-NPs at low levels, in addition to the potential use of B. polychresta as a good bio-indicator in ecotoxicological analyses.
Risk profiles in two different alpine rock climbing styles
Authors: Gabl Markus , Kaiser Peter , Benedikt Stefan , Schmidle Gernot , Haselbacher Matthias , Arora Rohit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study is to evaluate the injury risk profile of the two different styles of rock climbing, alpine climbing with minor route protection (AC) and alpine sport climbing on well-protected routes (SC), in order to develop preventive strategies for risk management.
Patients and Methods 18 SC and 12 AC rock climbing accidents were evaluated retrospectively with a focus on climbers` demographics (age, experience, training intensity, performance level), accident demographics (unforeseen events preceding the injury, ascending or descending, fall height), injury patterns (injury severity, pathologies, pathomechanism) and environmental conditions (rock characteristics, route frequency, route grade, weather).
Results Injuries were mainly sustained by male lead climbers during ascent (80%). The lower extremity was injured in 46%, the upper extremity in 40%, the pelvis in 6% and the head, chest and spine in 3%. Climbers were significantly older (43 vs. 31 years; p=0.03) and more experienced (21.5 vs. 5.7 climbing years) in AC. Falling height was significantly greater in AC (14.8 vs. 4.7m). Unforeseen events preceding the injury differed significantly between both groups. Slipping off and letting go preceded the fall in 78% in SC, while rock dislodging occurred only in AC. There was a tendency that climbers in SC climbed near or above their performance level, while climbers in AC climbed below their level. SC climbers tended to show more ankle fractures while AC climbers tended to present more cases with multiple injuries.
Discussion AC and SC climbers differ in their risk profiles. Poorer route protection in AC resulted in more severe injuries. Yet in SC routes, good protection alone was not enough to avoid severe injuries. For prevention, climbers should be aware of the specific risks in AC and SC routes and should adjust their behaviour accordingly. Athletic skills were overestimated in SC, while alpine demands were underestimated in AC. A higher focus on visual and haptic grip control may help to prevent loss of hold. A careful lining of the rope into solid rock can reduce rockfalls for the seconder. Continuous attention is mandatory in rope handling and belaying. Applying more mobile pros is recommended in AC because they may shorten fall heights.
Computational single-objective scanning light sheet (cSOLS)
Authors: Xu Tienan , Lin Hanqi , Lim Yean J. , Nicovich Philip R. , Gaus Katharina , Lee Woei Ming 
Published: August 2022

Single-objective scanning light sheet (SOLS) imaging has fueled major advances in volumetric bioimaging because it supports low phototoxic, high-resolution imaging over an extended period. The remote imaging unit in the SOLS does not use a conventional epifluorescence image detection scheme (a single tube lens). In this paper, we propose a technique called the computational SOLS (cSOLS) that achieves light sheet imaging without the remote imaging unit. Using a single microlens array after the tube lens (lightfield imaging), the cSOLS is immediately compatible with conventional epifluorescence detection. The core of cSOLS is a Fast Optical Ray (FOR) model. FOR generates 3D imaging volume (40 × 40 × 14 µm3) using 2D lightfield images taken under SOLS illumination within 0.5 s on a standard central processing unit (CPU) without multicore parallel processing. In comparison with traditional lightfield retrieval approaches, FOR reassigns fluorescence photons and removes out-of-focus light to improve optical sectioning by a factor of 2, thereby achieving a spatial resolution of 1.59 × 1.92 × 1.39 µm3. cSOLS with FOR can be tuned over a range of oblique illumination angles and directions and, therefore, paves the way for next-generation SOLS imaging. cSOLS marks an important and exciting development of SOLS imaging with computational imaging capabilities.