bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal and infant outcomes of clozapine exposure in pregnancy: A consecutive case series
Authors: Imaz M.L. , Lera S. , Sureda B. , Roca A. , Andres S. , Palomo A. Giménez , Solé E. , Torres A. , Garcia-Esteve L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionClozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic agent approved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and risk reduction of recurrent suicidal behavior in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Given the known negative consequences of relapse of severe mental disorders for both mother and infant, the maintenance of clozapine during pregnancy is recommended.1 Studies of pregnancy regarding to clozapine have demonstrated a heterogenous range of neonatal and infant complications.2ObjectivesTo evaluate neonatal and infants outcomes of clozapine exposure in pregnancy.MethodsWe report three cases of infants exposed to clozapine politherapy throughout pregnancy. The dose range for all women on clozapine was 200-600 mg/day. Infants were evaluated between 4-6 months of chronological age with the Bayley-III infant development scale (BSID-III)3 and with the Alarme Détresse Bébé Scale (ADBB)4 for the detection of early-signs of withdrawal.ResultsWomen remained stable during pregnancy but presented obesity and gestational diabetes. Clozapine Newborn were born to term by caesarean section due to breech presentation (N=2) or instrumental delivery due to loss of fetal well-being (N=1). They presented normal weight (3500-3800 gr). Two presented Apgarmin1-5 9/10 and one Apgarmin1-5 6/8 which showed lethargy and low alertness during the first weeks of life. All showed normal capacity for sociability, reciprocity and development of language and communication. However, one baby had scores in the low normal zone for cognition and another for motor skills.ConclusionsThe infant’s risks of clozapine exposure during pregnancy should be discussed with women and weighed against those associated with other treatments and/or with untreated severe mental illness.
Title: Risk factors of prolonged corrected QT interval among patients with mental disorders
Authors: Smaoui N. , Abid W. , Lajmi I. , Omri S. , Feki R. , Bouali M. Maalej , Charfi N. , Zouari N. , Thabet J. Ben , Zouari L. , Maalej M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is an increased rate of sudden cardiac death in mental health patients. Studies provide consistent evidence that prolonged QT interval is associated with higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of prolonged QTc interval (corrected QT>450 milliseconds) and to determine the possible factors in hospitalized psychiatric patients.MethodsWe reviewed records of all mental health inpatient admissions to the psychiatry “C” department at Hedi Chaker university hospital in Sfax, between 1 february and 30 april 2019. Electrocardiogram (ECG) availability was noted and QTc interval was manually measured. Sociodemographic, clinical, biological and therapeutic data were collected.ResultsOf 68 mental health inpatient admissions, 59 (86.6 %) presentations had an ECG. A total of seven (11.8 %) had a prolonged QTc interval. These seven patients were treated with typical antipsychotics. Of the 7 patients with a prolonged QTc, 4 patients (57.1%) suffered from schizophrenia. QTc prolongation was significantly correlated with the presence of a recent physical trauma (p = 0.021), dietary restriction (p = 0.026), and taking at least two antipsychotics (p = 0.008). Moreover, this prolongation of QTc was linked to a longer duration of disease and an older age, without significant associations.ConclusionsOur study supports an association between a prolonged QTc interval and clinical situations at risk and antipsychotic polypharmacy. However, a larger study with routine ECG screening is required to better assess the significance of this problem.
Quincke-edema induced by chlorpromazine: About two cases
Authors: Brahim S. , Bouali W. , Henia M. , Abid A. , Zarrouk L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionQuincke-edema has been specifically associated with using certain drugs including chlorpromazine as detailed through two clinical cases.ObjectivesIllustration of two clinical cases about angioedema induced by Chlorpromazine.MethodsWe reviewed clinical data from two patients who committed a suicide attempt and then transferred to the psychiatry department after their somatic stabilization: the first was 27-year-old followed in psychiatry since childhood for intellectual deficiency and admitted to the emergency department for the suicide attempt by taking 14 tablets of chlorpromazine 100 mg and the second was a 20-year-old patient, admitted to the emergency department for suicide attempt by Raticid.ResultsThe first patient presented a delusional persecution-themed syndrome with auditory hallucinations. Therefore, he was initially put on injectable treatment with Haloperidol 15mg and Diazepam 30mg then oral relay after 48h by Risperidone 4 mg and Chlorpromazine 200 mg. On the fourthday of his hospitalization, he presented a Quincke edema without laryngeal impairment. We stopped chlorpromazine and eliminated the other causes of this edema, resulting in a gradual regression of symptomatology. The second patient was put on chlorpromazine. On the second day, the patient presented a Quincke edema without laryngeal impairment. Somatic examination and biological exploration did not reveal any abnormalities. We stopped chlorpromazine and put the patient on Dexamethasone 3 days in a row resulting in a good outcome.ConclusionsThese two cases identified a Quincke-edema reaction associated with the use of Chlorpromazine, this complication can lead to life-threatening manifestations and warrants greater awareness of the potential for recurrence.
Therapeutic monitoring of mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder
Authors: Falfel D. , Ammar H. Ben , Hamdi G. , Khelifa E. , Mnif L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionEfficacy of lithium is well documented in the literature, making it the gold standard treatment. However, its use declines with the advent of anticonvulsants. This raises the question about monitoring of mood stabilizers in practice.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to determine the prophylactic lithium response in patients followed for bipolar disorder and compared to those of anticonvulsants and assess the mood stabilizers monitoring procedures in clinical practice.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted, over a period of six months, with patients followed for bipolar disorder stabilized under the same mood stabilizer (lithium or anticonvulsant) for at least one year. The participants were divided into two groups according to the mood stabilizing treatment. The two groups were compared according to socio-demographic, clinical and evolutionary profiles as well as the prophylactic response to treatment.ResultsPatients included were 64 in the study, 28 received lithium and 36 received anticonvulsants. The socio-demographic profile and clinical characteristics were similar in two groups, except for the average total number of mood episodes. Retrospective evaluation of the prophylactic response by ALDA scale showed a significantly higher mean total score in patients receiving lithium (5.9 ± 2.8 versus 2.58 ± 2.4, p = 0.025).). Ten of them were in compliance with the recommendations; while 19.44% received anticonvulsants had all the monitoring parameters within the recommended time frame.ConclusionsThymoregulators significantly modify the disease’s prognosis. Practitioners will attach particular special attention to distinguish the therapeutic efficacy of the side effects which are numerous and sometimes serious.
Neural underpinnings of contingency awareness in human fear conditioning
Authors: Pavlov Y. , Kotchoubey B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe recognition of the conditioned-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) association in classical conditioning is referred to as contingency awareness. The neural underpinnings of contingency awareness in human fear conditioning are poorly understood.ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the EEG correlates of contingency awareness.MethodsHere, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from a sample of 20 participants in a semantic conditioning experiment. In the acquisition phase the participants were presented with sequences of words from two semantic categories paired with tactile stimulation followed by presentation of a neutral sound (US-) ((e.g., animals -> left hand vibration -> US-, clothes -> right hand vibration -> US-). In the test phase the association violated in 50% of trials which followed by a presentation of a loud noise (US+). The participants were only instructed to listen carefully. On the basis of self-reported contingency awareness, twenty participants were divided in aware (N=12) and unaware (N=8) group.ResultsThe aware group expressed a non-lateralized effect of alpha-beta (12-23 Hz) suppression along with a more negative CNV at central channels preceding presentation of the vibration (main effect of Group). Also, CNV was more negative in expectation of US+ comparing with expectation of US- in the aware group but not in the unaware group.ConclusionsThe results indicate that contingency awareness is accompanied by neural patterns reflecting expectation as can be seen in the suppression of somatosensory alpha-beta activity before expected presentation of the vibration as well as in CNV in expectation of an aversive event.
Complex sympathetic arousal during negative emotional stress
Authors: Visnovcova Z. , Ferencova N. , Olexova L. Bona , Tonhajzerova I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a key role in maintenance of the homeostasis and adaptability of the body to different stimuli. The disturbances of ANS, especially sympathetic dysregulation in stress response, are associated with various disorders.ObjectivesThus, we aimed to study the sympathetic arousal in response to negative emotional stress and during recovery using heart rate variability (HRV) nonlinear analysis (symbolic dynamics parameter 0V%) and skin conductance level (SCL) as sympathetically-mediated indices in healthy students.MethodsSeventy students (age: 23.1±0.2yr., 39 females) were examined during complex stress response: baseline – negative emotional stress – recovery. RR intervals (for HRV analysis) and electrodermal activity were continuously recorded during each period lasting six minutes. Evaluated parameters: HRV nonlinear analysis - symbolic dynamics index 0V% as cardiac sympathetic index, skin conductance level (SCL) as sympathetic cholinergic index.ResultsRegarding electrodermal activity, the parameter SCL significantly increased in response to negative emotional stress (p<0.001) and remained higher after stress (recovery phase, p<0.001). Symbolic dynamics index 0V% was without significant changes.ConclusionsOur findings revealed increased sympathetically-mediated index SCL in response to negative emotional stress and in recovery phase indicating higher sympathetic arousal during complex stress response in young people. Surprisingly, cardiac sympathetic index 0V% was not sensitive to detect discrete changes in sympathetic arousal to negative emotion. We suggest that detailed knowledge about complex sympathetic regulatory mechanisms to emotional stress in healthy probands represents the first step for understanding of pathomechanisms leading to abnormal stress response in mental disorders.Conflict of interestThis study was funded by the Slovak Scientific Grant Agency under grants VEGA 1/0044/18; VEGA 1/0190/20 and Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic under the project registration number 2018/20-UKMT-16.
Age-related differences in processing speed in children can be explained by heterochronicity of human brain development
Authors: Kiselev S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAge-related differences in the processing speed have been observed in a great variety of tasks. In spite of the great amount of researches in this area, we know relatively little about the nature of this developmental tendency.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess whether age-related differences in reaction time (RT) can be explained satisfactorily in terms of a global age-related differences in processing speed alone.MethodsThe sample consisted of 48 4-year-olds, 50 5-year-olds, 46 6-year-olds children, and 35 adults. To investigate processing speed in children and adults we used the test battery consisted of three types of RT tasks: simple, discrimination, and choice.ResultsWe have revealed clear age-related differences in processing speed not only between children and adults but also between three age groups of children. However, using transformation method proposed by Madden et al. (2001) and Ridderinkhoff & van der Molen (1997) we have revealed that there are not only global age-related differences but also process-specific age-related differences in processing speed. Among children, age-related differences larger than predicted by the global difference hypothesis were evident when tasks required spatial orientation discrimination and stimulus–response rule complexity, but not for response suppression or reversal of stimulus–response contingencies.ConclusionsIt can be assumed that the observed process-specific, age-related differences in processing speed generally can be explained by the principle of heterochronicity of human brain development (Casey et al., 2005).
Electroconvulsive therapy use in psychiatric hospitalizations - a nationwide descriptive study
Authors: Mota P. , Gonçalves-Pinho M. , Macedo S. , Ribeiro J.P. , Freitas A. , Mota J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDespite being one of the oldest treatments in the field of Psychiatry, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used worldwide for various severe and treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders, establishing itself as one of the fastest and most effective treatments.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to describe a nationwide epidemiological perspective of the use of ECT in hospitalized psychiatric patients. The secondary aims were to characterize clinical and sociodemographic trends of hospitalized patients who needed ECT.MethodsA retrospective-observational study was conducted using an administrative database which gathered all hospitalizations registered in Portuguese public hospitals from 2008 to 2015. We selected all hospitalizations with a procedure code 94.27 - Other electroshock therapy defined by the International Classification of Diseases version-9, Clinical Modification.The variables included in the study were birth date, sex, residence address, primary and secondary diagnoses, admission date, discharge date, length of stay (LoS), discharge status from each single hospitalization episode.ResultsThere were a total of 879 hospitalizations with ECT during the 8-year period of the study. Most of the hospitalizations occurred in female patients (53.4 vs 46.6%), belonging to the age group of 51-70 years old, with a mean age of 50.5 years old. The median LoS was 43.0 days with an IQR of 27.0-68.0 days. The specific primary diagnosis most frequent in all hospitalizations was Major depressive disorder, recurrent episode representing 19.6% of all ECT related hospitalizations.ConclusionsIn Portugal most of the patients who received ECT were women above middle age, and depressive disorders were the most common indication.
Symptom improvement is associated with serum cytokine level change during RTMS tretament in patients with treatment resistant depression
Authors: Lazary J. , Elemery M. , Kiss S. , Pogany L. , Faludi G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIntroduciton: Repetetive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective and safety noninvasive technique for treatment of major depression disorder (MDD). There is a body of increasing evidences on the potential molecular mechanisms underlying its effectivity even in case of treatment resistant depression (TRD), however, the exact mechanism is still not clarified. Among multiple biological systems, inflammation can be a target of rTMS in MDD (Tian et al. 2020; Tateishi et al. 2020).ObjectivesHere we analysed serum cytokine levels in TRD before and after rTMS interventions.MethodsWe used bilateral stimulation (15Hz for left DLPC and 1Hz on the right side) in 18 patients with TRD (5 men and 13 women; mean age=47.7±12.1 year) for 2x5 days. Blood samples were collected before the first (V1) and after the last inetrevntion (V2). Phenotypic changes were measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) modified by Golden. Inflammatory cytokines were assessed by ELISA assays.ResultsChange of BDI and BAI scores between V1 and V2 is associated with difference of TNFalpha levels (p=0.043; adj.R2=0.42 p=0.011; adj R2=0.43). Decrease on SHAPS score has been depended on IL-6 level (p=0.027) and the interaction of TNFalpha and IL-10 (p=0.005; adj R2=0.63). Sleep disturbance and neurocognitive function was not associated with cytokine levels.ConclusionsOur results confirmed the association between depressive, anxious and anhedonia symptom improvement and inflammatory mechansims during rTMS treatment. The study was supported by the OTKA 151513 grant.
Alexithymia and gambling: Psychotherapy to differentiate feelings
Authors: Savnikova A. , Khaustova O. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe relationship of alexithymia with gambling addiction is not obvious, but it is present, as evidenced by the results of many studies. Alexithymia is likely to associate with gambling as a coping behavior to increase emotional arousal and avoid negative emotions, according to the affect dysregulation model. Alexithymic individuals experience the same spectrum of emotions as ordinary people, however, from the standpoint of psychology, psychiatry, unexpressed emotions are repressed into the subconscious, and their bodily manifestations accumulate.ObjectivesWe plan to conduct research to improve the medical and psychological support of patients with pathological gambling due to the presence of alexithymia.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was run in the major reference databases including PubMed, Cochrane Database for Systematic Review, Web of Science, Scopus until 2019. All studies assessed alexithymia with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale while gambling problems were assessed mostly with the South Oaks Gambling Screen.ResultsWe assume that for pathological gamblers, specific psychotherapeutic techniques like body-centered psychotherapy could help them to differentiate feelings from bodily sensations.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of taking in the relationship between alexithymia and pathological gambling. Further studies are needed to widen the knowledge of this association.
Social media misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on public mental health
Authors: Alvarez-Mon M. 
Published: February 2022

Social Media Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts on Public Mental HealthIntroductionSome behavioral measures such as handwashing, masking or social distancing are among the most effective tools to combat COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectivesDescribe the extent to which major media outlets in the United States and Spain have tweeted about COVID-19 health related behaviors, and determine if differences exist between major media outlets in the two countries.MethodsWe analyzed contents posted on Twitter by 25 major media outlet’s (15 from USA and 10 from Spain) about COVID health related behaviors (HRB). News content were analyzed and classified as well as Twitter users’ reactions.ResultsMasking and quarantine were the HRB that generated most of the tweets. However, we found differences between media outlets in the two countries. Twitter user´s engaged more with tweets posted by USA media. Most of the tweets describing HRB from the general population were consistent with CDC/WHO guidelines.ConclusionsUnderstanding the public view of these HRB is necessary to design promotional strategies aimed at the appropriate population.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychotherapeutic support peculiarities’ in palliative care structure for cancer patients
Authors: Mykhaylov B. , Postrelko V. , Galachenko O. , Vasilyieva A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPPalliative medicine is aimed at achieving the best possible in a particular situation the level of quality of life of the patient.ObjectivesThe reaction of grief is one of the strongest and most painful human experiences.MethodsThere were 120 cancer patients observed. The reaction of grief consists of 4 stages: shock and protest - numbness, disbelief and acute dysphoria; absorption - acute longing, search and anger; disorganization - a sense of despair and acceptance of loss and decision.ResultsThe initial reaction of grief - shock, emotional numbness and disbelief. The excitement is most pronounced within about two weeks, followed by symptoms of depression, which reach its peak 4-6 weeks. Eventually, the former intense pain of severe loss begins to subside. In addition to the reaction of grief, there is a pathological, which is divided into suppressed (inhibited), delayed (delayed) and chronic. The role of the psychotherapist at this stage is to provide psychological support and assistance to both the patient and his environment to cope with this situation.ConclusionsThe principle of the concept of palliative care is the need to ensure the psychological comfort of the patient.
Feasibility and effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy interventions in a collaborative stepped care model between primary care and mental health services
Authors: Mongelli F. , Martino F. , Berardi D. , Colombini N. , Ferrari S. , Menchetti M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe NICE guidelines recommend for mild major depression a range of low-intensity psychosocial intervention of proven effectiveness, as Interpersonal Counselling, and a stepped-care approach.ObjectivesTo assess feasibility and effectiveness of Interpersonal Psychotherapy interventions for the treatment of depression in a consolidated Collaborative Stepped Care Model between primary care and mental health specialists.Methods103 patients were referred by their PCPs to the Consultation-Liaison Service of Bologna and Modena. Of them, 78 were included in the study and administered self-report instruments and interview, including screening depression, anxiety and daily functioning. Patients were asked to choose one of the available treatment: 1) Interpersonal Counseling (IPC) 6-8 weekly meetings for 30 minutes; 2) IPC for Depression in Primary Care 3 sessions of 50 minutes; 3) a guided self-help intervention. Follow-up were planned at 1, 3 and 6 months. Both patients and PCPs provided a feedback about intervention’s satisfactions.ResultsAt the baseline, 39.4% of the patients presented a minor depression/major depression mild and the large majority (75.0%) of them chose IPC, while none of them chose the guided self-help intervention. At follow ups the mean PHQ-9 significantly decreased compared to the baseline (p<0.001); daily functioning increased (WSAS: p<0.001) and anxiety traits improved (STAI: p<0.001). Patient’s general satisfaction with the service received was high (GSQ: 85.9±15.0) as well as PCPs, 62.7% of them expressed high satisfaction for the intervention.ConclusionsThe study emphasised that IPC is an effective and feasible treatment very well suited to the primary care setting for an optimal management of depression.