bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infecting the Mind: Establishing Responsibility for Transboundary Disinformation
Authors: Lahmann Henning 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article examines the legal issues concerning the establishment of responsibility for an internationally wrongful act in the context of transboundary disinformation. In light of the unprecedented surge of potentially dangerous health disinformation throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing consensus among academics and states that influence campaigns that utilize false or misleading information may qualify as a violation of international law, amounting to a prohibited coercive intervention, a breach of the target state’s territorial inviolability or independence of state powers or, in extreme cases, even a use of force. However, the aspects of attributing the dissemination of disinformation to a state and of demonstrating a causal nexus between disinformation and effect that are necessary for international responsibility to arise have not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. This article analyses the challenges that contemporary forms of digital disinformation create for proving attribution pursuant to the customary rules of state responsibility as well as the issue of causation. In doing so, it investigates the content of the primary rules for clues pertaining to the necessary causal nexus and assesses different standards of causation employed in international and domestic law.
A Citation Review of 83 Dissemination and Implementation Theories, Models, or Frameworks Utilized in U.S.-Based Aging Research
Authors: Sullivan Jennifer L , Montano Anna Rae L , Hughes Jaime M , Davila Heather W , O’Malley Kelly A , Engle Ryann L , Hawley Chelsea E , Shin Marlena H , Smith Jason G , Pimentel Camilla B 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDissemination-implementation.org outlines 110 theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs): we conducted a citation analysis on 83 TMFs, searching Web of Science and PubMed databases.Research Design and MethodsSearch terms were broad and included “aging,” “older,” “elderly,” and “geriatric.” We extracted each TMF in identified articles from inception through January 28, 2022. Included articles must have used a TMF in research or quality improvement work directly linked to older adults within the United States.ResultsWe reviewed 2,681 articles of which 295 articles cited at least one of 56 TMFs. Five TMFs represented 50% of the citations: Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance 1.0, Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, Greenhalgh Diffusion of Innovation in Service Organizations, Quality Enhancement Research Initiative, Community-Based Participatory Research, and Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services. TMF application varied and there was a steady increase in TMF citations over time, with a 2- to 3-fold increase in citations in 2020–2021. We identified that only 41% of TMF use was meaningful.Discussion and ImplicationsOur results suggest TMF utilization is increasing in aging research, but there is a need to more meaningful utilize TMFs. As the population of older adults continues to grow, there will be increasing demand for effective evidence-based practices and models of care to be quickly and effectively translated into routine care. Use of TMFs is critical to building such evidence and to identifying and evaluating methods to support this translation.
Implementing CAPABLE With Care Partners Through an Area Agency on Aging: Identifying Barriers and Facilitators Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Toto Pamela E , Alchin Tucker , Yanes Caylee , Park Seeun , Fields Beth E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Community Aging in Place, Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE) is an evidence-based intervention to promote aging in place. Although CAPABLE has been implemented in more than 40 community sites, wide variation in implementation exists. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), this study sought to determine key barriers and facilitators that may influence CAPABLE implementation with older adult and care partner dyads through an area agency on aging (AAA).

Research Design and Methods
A formative evaluation was completed using qualitative data from the pilot of a Hybrid Trial Type 1 study implementing CAPABLE in an AAA. Multiple sources of data were collected, including 2 focus groups, field notes, a tracking log, and meetings with CAPABLE interventionists. Data were analyzed using a framework method and validated through a negative case analysis approach in NVivo 12 Pro.

Results
Fourteen dyads enrolled in the pilot and 6 completed the CAPABLE intervention. Key themes aligned with 10 constructs from 5 domains of the CFIR. Facilitators included adaptability of the intervention, cost, networks and communication, and knowledge and belief of individuals. Barriers included intervention complexity, client needs and resources, and executing the planned process.

Discussion and Implications
Results enhance understanding of contextual factors that can influence the implementation of CAPABLE with care partners. Strategies to overcome barriers include simplifying recruitment materials and targeting older adults with recent onset of disability. The CFIR is a valuable resource for planning and evaluation of the implementation of evidence-based interventions to promote aging in place.
Puzzling large-scale polarization in the galaxy cluster Abell 523
Authors: Vacca Valentina , Govoni Federica , Murgia Matteo , Perley Richard A , Feretti Luigina , Giovannini Gabriele , Carretti Ettore , Gastaldello Fabio , Cova Filippo , Marchegiani Paolo , Battistelli Elia , Boschin Walter , Enßlin Torsten A , Girardi Marisa , Loi Francesca , Radiconi Federico 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Large-scale magnetic fields reveal themselves through diffuse synchrotron sources observed in galaxy clusters such as radio halos. Total intensity filaments of these sources have been observed in polarization as well, but only in three radio halos out of about 100 currently known. In this paper we analyse new polarimetric Very Large Array data of the diffuse emission in the galaxy cluster Abell 523 in the frequency range 1–2 GHz. We find for the first time evidence of polarized emission on scales of ∼2.5 Mpc. The total intensity emission is observed only in the central part of the source, likely due to observational limitations. To look for total intensity emission beyond the central region, we combine these data with single-dish observations from the Sardinia Radio Telescope and we compare them with multifrequency total intensity observations obtained with different instruments, including the LOw Frequency ARray and the Murchison Widefield Array. By analysing the rotation measure properties of the system and utilizing numerical simulations, we infer that this polarized emission is associated with filaments of the radio halo located in the outskirts of the system, in the peripheral region closest to the observer.
Evolution of circumstellar discs in young star-forming regions
Authors: Concha-Ramírez Francisca , Wilhelm Martijn J C , Portegies Zwart Simon 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The evolution of circumstellar discs is influenced by their surroundings. The relevant processes include external photoevaporation due to nearby stars and dynamical truncations. The impact of these processes on disc populations depends on the star-formation history and on the dynamical evolution of the region. Since star-formation history and the phase-space characteristics of the stars are important for the evolution of the discs, we start simulating the evolution of the star cluster with the results of molecular cloud collapse simulations. In the simulation, we form stars with circumstellar discs, which can be affected by different processes. Our models account for the viscous evolution of the discs, internal and external photoevaporation of gas, external photoevaporation of dust, and dynamical truncations. All these processes are resolved together with the dynamical evolution of the cluster, and the evolution of the stars. An extended period of star formation, lasting for at least 2 Myr, results in some discs being formed late. These late-formed discs have a better chance of survival because the cluster gradually expands with time, and a lower local stellar density reduces the effects of photoevaporation and dynamical truncation. Late formed discs can then be present in regions of high UV radiation, solving the proplyd lifetime problem. We also find a considerable fraction of discs that lose their gas content but remain sufficiently rich in solids to be able to form a rocky planetary system.
Formation of dust rings and gaps in non-ideal MHD discs through meridional gas flows
Authors: Hu Xiao , Li Zhi-Yun , Zhu Zhaohuan , Yang Chao-Chin 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Rings and gaps are commonly observed in the dust continuum emission of young stellar discs. Previous studies have shown that substructures naturally develop in the weakly ionized gas of magnetized, non-ideal MHD discs. The gas rings are expected to trap large mm/cm-sized grains through pressure gradient-induced radial dust–gas drift. Using 2D (axisymmetric) MHD simulations that include ambipolar diffusion and dust grains of three representative sizes (1 mm, 3.3 mm, and 1 cm), we show that the grains indeed tend to drift radially relative to the gas towards the centres of the gas rings, at speeds much higher than in a smooth disc because of steeper pressure gradients. However, their spatial distribution is primarily controlled by meridional gas motions, which are typically much faster than the dust–gas drift. In particular, the grains that have settled near the mid-plane are carried rapidly inwards by a fast accretion stream to the inner edges of the gas rings, where they are lifted up by the gas flows diverted away from the mid-plane by a strong poloidal magnetic field. The flow pattern in our simulation provides an attractive explanation for the meridional flows recently inferred in HD 163296 and other discs, including both ‘collapsing’ regions where the gas near the disc surface converges towards the mid-plane and a disc wind. Our study highlights the prevalence of the potentially observable meridional flows associated with the gas substructure formation in non-ideal MHD discs and their crucial role in generating rings and gaps in dust.
Simulating radio synchrotron emission in star-forming galaxies: small-scale magnetic dynamo and the origin of the far-infrared–radio correlation
Authors: Pfrommer Christoph , Werhahn Maria , Pakmor Rüdiger , Girichidis Philipp , Simpson Christine M 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
In star-forming galaxies, the far-infrared (FIR) and radio-continuum luminosities obey a tight empirical relation over a large range of star-formation rates (SFR). To understand the physics, we examine magnetohydrodynamic galaxy simulations, which follow the genesis of cosmic ray (CR) protons at supernovae and their advective and anisotropic diffusive transport. We show that gravitational collapse of the proto-galaxy generates a corrugated accretion shock, which injects turbulence and drives a small-scale magnetic dynamo. As the shock propagates outwards and the associated turbulence decays, the large velocity shear between the supersonically rotating cool disc with respect to the (partially) pressure-supported hot circumgalactic medium excites Kelvin–Helmholtz surface and body modes. Those interact non-linearly, inject additional turbulence and continuously drive multiple small-scale dynamos, which exponentially amplify weak seed magnetic fields. After saturation at small scales, they grow in scale to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies in Milky Way-mass galaxies. In small galaxies, the magnetic energy saturates at the turbulent energy while it fails to reach equipartition with thermal and CR energies. We solve for steady-state spectra of CR protons, secondary electrons/positrons from hadronic CR-proton interactions with the interstellar medium, and primary shock-accelerated electrons at supernovae. The radio-synchrotron emission is dominated by primary electrons, irradiates the magnetized disc and bulge of our simulated Milky Way-mass galaxy and weakly traces bubble-shaped magnetically loaded outflows. Our star-forming and star-bursting galaxies with saturated magnetic fields match the global FIR-radio correlation (FRC) across four orders of magnitude. Its intrinsic scatter arises due to (i) different magnetic saturation levels that result from different seed magnetic fields, (ii) different radio synchrotron luminosities for different specific SFRs at fixed SFR, and (iii) a varying radio intensity with galactic inclination. In agreement with observations, several 100-pc-sized regions within star-forming galaxies also obey the FRC, while the centres of starbursts substantially exceed the FRC.
Spectral and timing analysis of BeXRB eRASSU J050810.4–660653 recently discovered in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)
Authors: Ghising Manoj , Tobrej Mohammed , Tamang Ruchi , Rai Binay , Paul Bikash Chandra 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We have studied the Be/X-ray binary (BeXRB) pulsar eRASSU J050810.4–660653 recently discovered in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Timing and spectral features of the source have been discussed in detail using NuSTAR and XMM–Newton observations. Coherent pulsation of the source was detected at ∼40.578 ± 0.001 s using NuSTAR observation. We analysed pulse profiles of the source in different energy bands using NuSTAR and XMM–Newton data. The pulse-profile evolved with time but was generally suggestive of a pencil-beam dominated pattern, which combined with the measured luminosity, indicates that the source may be accreting in the sub-critical regime. The pulse fraction follows a linearly increasing trend with photon energy and is anticorrelated with luminosity. In the 1-yr interval between the XMM and NuSTAR observations, the pulse period shortened by 0.021 s which could be consistent with spin-up or orbital Doppler effect. The average flux of the source in (3–50) keV energy range is found to be $\sim 5.56 \times 10^{-11}\, {\rm erg}\, {\rm cm}^{-2}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and the corresponding luminosity is $\sim 1.66 \times 10^{37}\, {\rm erg}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$. The variation of spectral parameters with pulse phase is studied using phase resolved spectroscopy which reveals that the observed photon index becomes harder with increasing flux.
Centrifugal barrier and super-Keplerian rotation in protostellar disc formation
Authors: Jones Dylan C , Lam Ka Ho , Li Zhi-Yun , Tu Yisheng 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
With the advent of ALMA, it is now possible to observationally constrain how discs form around deeply embedded protostars. In particular, the recent ALMA C3H2 line observations of the nearby protostar L1527 have been interpreted as evidence for the so-called ‘centrifugal barrier,’ where the protostellar envelope infall is gradually decelerated to a stop by the centrifugal force in a region of super-Keplerian rotation. To test the concept of centrifugal barrier, which was originally based on angular momentum conserving-collapse of a rotating test particle around a fixed point mass, we carry out simple axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations of protostellar disc formation including a minimum set of ingredients: self-gravity, rotation, and a prescribed viscosity that enables the disc to accrete. We find that a super-Keplerian region can indeed exist when the viscosity is relatively large but, unlike the classic picture of centrifugal barrier, the infalling envelope material is not decelerated solely by the centrifugal force. The region has more specific angular momentum than its surrounding envelope material, which points to an origin in outward angular momentum transport in the disc (subject to the constraint of disc expansion by the infalling envelope), rather than the spin-up of the envelope material envisioned in the classic picture as it falls closer to the centre in order to conserve angular momentum. For smaller viscosities, the super-Keplerian rotation is weaker or non-existing. We conclude that, despite the existence of super-Keplerian rotation in some parameter regime, the classic picture of centrifugal barrier is not supported by our simulations.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON INDOOR RADON, THORON AND THEIR PROGENY LEVEL IN DIMAPUR DISTRICT OF NAGALAND, INDIA
Authors: Jamir Supongtoshi , Sahoo B K , Mishra Rosaline , Sinha Dipak 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Indoor radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and their progeny concentrations were detected in several homes in Dimapur district, Nagaland, utilizing Direct Radon and Thoron progeny sensors based on solid-state Nuclear Track Detectors (Type-2 film) and pinhole type radon-thoron discriminating dosemeters. For three separate seasons, the annual inhalation dose has been determined in 80 residences in the research regions. The residences were chosen to have various types of housing, such as concrete, semi-wood/bamboo and bamboo, with varying levels of ventilation that contribute to indoor 222Rn, 220Rn and their progeny. The inhalation dose in the survey area lies between 0.33 and 3.04 mSvy−1 and is within the reference value as suggested by ICRP, 2018.
Intra-annual tree-ring δ18O and δ13C reveal a trade-off between isotopic source and humidity in moist environments
Authors: Xu Guobao , Liu Xiaohong , Hu Jia , Dorado-Liñán Isabel , Gagen Mary , Szejner Paul , Chen Tuo , Trouet Valerie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTree-ring intra-annual stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) are powerful tools for revealing plant ecophysiological responses to climatic extremes. We analyzed interannual and fine-scale intra-annual variability of tree-ring δ13C and δ18O in Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana) from southeastern China to explore environmental drivers and potential trade-offs between the main physiological controls. We show that wet season relative humidity (May–October RH) drove interannual variability of δ18O and intra-annual variability of tree-ring δ18O. It also drove intra-annual variability of tree-ring δ13C, whereas interannual variability was mainly controlled by February–May temperature and September–October RH. Furthermore, intra-annual tree-ring δ18O variability was larger during wet years compared with dry years, whereas δ13C variability was lower during wet years compared with dry years. As a result of these differences in intra-annual variability amplitude, process-based models (we used the Roden model for δ18O and the Farquhar model for δ13C) captured the intra-annual δ18O pattern better in wet years compared with dry years, whereas intra-annual δ13C pattern was better simulated in dry years compared with wet years. This result suggests a potential asymmetric bias in process-based models in capturing the interplay of the different mechanistic processes (i.e., isotopic source and leaf-level enrichment) operating in dry versus wet years. We therefore propose an intra-annual conceptual model considering a dynamic trade-off between the isotopic source and leaf-level enrichment in different tree-ring parts to understand how climate and ecophysiological processes drive intra-annual tree-ring stable isotopic variability under humid climate conditions.
Effect of Concomitant Tuberculosis Infection on COVID-19 Disease in Children: A Matched, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mathur Surendra Bahadur , Saxena Romit , Pallavi Pallavi , Jain Rahul , Mishra Devendra , Jhamb Urmila 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating effects on the health of millions globally. Patients with tuberculosis (TB) are a vulnerable population. There is paucity of data to assess association between the 2 diseases in Pediatric population.ObjectiveTo elucidate the effect of concomitant TB on clinical course of pediatric COVID-19 disease.MethodsRetrospective matched cohort study was conducted at dedicated tertiary COVID-19 hospital in India. All consecutive patients aged &lt;18 y admitted with COVID-19 were line listed. Patients with current or recently diagnosed TB were included. Consecutive age and sex matched COVID-19 patients with no history of TB were included as controls. Medical records were retrieved, clinical data entered in pre-determined proforma.ResultsDuring study period, 327 pediatric COVID-19 patients were admitted. Study group included 17 patients with TB. These patients, tended to be referred from other hospitals, be sicker, had lower SpO2 at arrival and higher severity of COVID-19 as compared to controls (All P &lt; 0.05). They required more mechanical ventilation, had longer length of stay and worse outcome.ConclusionCOVID-19 may secondarily affect and modify the course of TB in children. Given the high case fatality rate in this association and potentially treatable nature of TB, attention of the policy makers is drawn to this.Name of IEC committeeMaulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospital Institutional Ethics Committee. IEC no: F.1/IEC/MAMC/(80/8/2020/No274). Dated 9 November 2020.Trial registrationCTRI/2021/02/031197 [Registered on: 10 February 2021].
Emergency Department Visits After Outpatient Spine Surgery
Authors: Durand Wesley M. , Badin Daniel , Ortiz-Babilonia Carlos , Musharbash Farah N. , Raad Micheal , Jain Amit 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
A retrospective study.

Objective.
This study sought to characterize the incidence and timing of postoperative emergency department (ED) visits after common outpatient spinal surgeries performed at ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and at hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs).

Summary of Background Data.
Outpatient spine surgery has markedly grown in popularity over the past decade. The incidence of ED visits after outpatient spine surgery is not well established.

Methods.
This study was a retrospective analysis of a large commercial claims insurance database of patients 65 years old and below. Patients who underwent single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, laminectomy, and microdiscectomy were identified. Incidence, timing, and diagnoses associated with ED visits within the postoperative global period (90 d) after surgery were assessed.

Results.
In total, 202,202 patients received outpatient spine surgery (19.1% in ASC vs. 80.9% in HOPD). Collectively, there were 22,198 ED visits during the 90-day postoperative period. Approximately 9.0% of patients had at least 1 ED visit, and the incidence varied by procedure: anterior cervical discectomy and fusion 9.9%, laminectomy 9.5%, and microdiscectomy 8.5% (P<0.0001). After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidity index, the odds of at least 1 ED visit were higher among patients who received surgery at HOPD versus ASC for all 3 procedures. The majority (56.1%) ED visits occurred during the first month postoperatively; 30.8% (n=6841) occurred within the first week postoperatively, and 10.7% (n=2370) occurred on the same day as the surgery. Postoperative pain was the most common reason for ED visits.

Conclusions.
Among commercially insured patients who received outpatient spine surgery, the incidence of ED visits during the 90-day postoperative period was ~9%. Our results indicate opportunities for improved postoperative care planning after outpatient spinal surgery.