bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidural volume extension technique in high risk obstetric patients – Case series
Authors: Y Smitha , CP Naveen Kumar 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Epidural volume extension involves injection of normal saline into the epidural space soon after an intrathecal injection, with the aim of augmenting the sensory block height. It has significant dose-sparing effect, providing adequate level of anaesthesia and analgesia with minimal haemodynamic disturbances. We present this case series that shows the successful use of this technique in high risk cardiac patients coming for elective lower segment caesarean section.
Comparing the Efficacy of Chemiluminescence with Lugol'S Iodine versus Toluidine Blue in the Diagnosis of Dysplasia in Tobacco Associated Oral Lesions - A Diagnostic Study
Authors: Swathi KV , Maragathavalli G , Maheswari TN Uma 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Chemiluminescence is the production of light as a result of a chemical reaction. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) include both precancerous lesions and conditions that carry an increased risk of cancer. There are different etiological and risk factors for OPMDs such as smoking, alcohol consumption, infections such as viral and fungal, sun exposure and certain other genetic factors. The most common etiological factor for OPMDs is tobacco usage. Chemiluminescence is a light-based detection system and is very useful for detecting OPMDs for early intervention. Because it is a non-invasive procedure, it can be used to evaluate dysplastic changes in various OPMDs at their initial stage for timely intervention. Vital staining has also been used as a chair-side marker for delineating normal and dysplastic oral mucosal tissues.

Aim:
To compare the efficacy of chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine to that with toluidine blue in diagnosing dysplastic changes in tobacco associated oral lesions.

Methodology:
A total of 84 patients with clinically suspicious oral mucosal lesions and OPMDs with tobacco habit history were included and randomly assigned to either of the diagnostic study groups (Group A: chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine or Group B: chemiluminescence with toluidine blue). All these patients were subjected to a histopathological examination (reference standard).

Results:
The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were 91.7%, 66.7%, 84.6%, 80%, and 0.792 for chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine group (P = 0.001) respectively whereas for chemiluminescence with toluidine blue, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and ROC were 100%, 60%, 93.3%, 100% and 0.800 (P = 0.002), respectively.

Conclusion:
The combination of chemiluminescence with toluidine blue had a better diagnostic efficiency in detecting dysplasia in tobacco-associated oral lesions when compared to the group of chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine.
Endodontic Management of Pulp Canal Obliteration Using a New Single-Tooth Template
Authors: Velmurugan Natanasabapathy , Sundar Sathish , Saumya-Rajesh Parashar , Kasabwala Kinnari , Shilpa-Jain D.P. , Sarathy Sarath , Prabakaran Keerthana , Haritha J S , Bjørndal Lars 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Guided Endodontics is suggested as a reliable method for management of teeth with pulp canal obliteration (PCO). The guide used for this usually involves multiple teeth to gain stability but is bulky. It is therefore suboptimal to be used along with rubber dam.

Aim:
To describe the use of a minimized single-tooth guide template in three patients with radiographic evidence of PCO.

Design:
The template was designed and fabricated using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan and a surface scan image of the involved teeth. In all three patients, the root canals were successfully negotiated within 15 minutes, with the template involving only the tooth in focus or with neighboring half of the teeth. The operator stabilized the template if required.

Conclusions:
This case series shows clinically that successful outcome can be obtained during guided endodontics with the use of a single-tooth template in previously traumatized anterior teeth with PCO.
Association between Dental Neglect and Alexithymia among Adult Dental Patients
Authors: Nanamadri Nitya Krishna , Doshi Dolar , Kulkarni Suhas , Reddy Madupu Padma , Srilatha Adepu 
Published: May 2022

Aims:
To show the association between dental neglect and alexithymia among adult dental patients.

Settings and Design:
At times, certain individuals with dental neglect may experience trouble in communicating and/or understanding information, ability to identify, and describe their feelings termed as alexithymia. Hence, recognition of alexithymia in a dental setting is important, because it worsens the dentist–patient relationship, especially among patients who neglect their dental health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult patients (≥20 years). Patients received a questionnaire assessing dental neglect [six-item Dental Neglect Scale (DNS)], alexithymia [20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)], and demographic profile.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed with standard statistical software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22). P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total sample of 1067 individuals comprising 553 (51.8%) females and 514 (48.2%) males with a mean age 35.33 ± 11.49 years participated in the study. Our findings showed that females had higher mean scores for both DNS and total TAS-20 and its factors. With increase in age and education, the mean scores of the DNS had significantly increased and mean scores of total TAS-20 and its factors had decreased with increase in age and education.

Conclusion:
The above study findings have supported the hypothesis that there is no association between dental neglect and alexithymia among adult dental patients.
Comparison of Dentofacial Morphology between Parents of Children with and without Craniofacial Anomalies using Cephalogram Imaging
Authors: Arora Anika , Batra Puneet , Sood Sundereshwer Chander , Raghavan Sreevatsan , Sood Anubhuti 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To compare cephalometric parameters in parents of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and parents of children without any craniofacial anomaly.

Methods:
A sample of 100 sets of parents were segregated into two groups of 50 parents each. The two groups included parents of children with BCLP and the parents of children with no craniofacial anomaly. Lateral cephalograms and postero-anterior (PA) cephalograms were examined for 100 parents of both the BCLP and control group, respectively. Tracings were scrutinized for 34 linear and angular parameters of dentocraniofacial skeleton. Data were analysed using unpaired Student's t-test. Result: Evaluated lateral cephalograms revealed 15 significant parameters in parents of children with BCLP including a significant increase in Ptm-S, maxillary length, SNA, articular angle and gonial angle. A significant decrease was noted in SN length, cranial base flexion, mandibular length, mandibular body length, total facial height, upper facial height, posterior facial height, Y-axis length and soft tissue total anterior facial height. Upon evaluation of PA cephalograms, four significant parameters were found in parents of children with BCLP. Cranial width, bizygomatic width, maxillary width and lateral interorbital width were significantly decreased in the parents of children with BCLP.

Conclusion:
Distinct dentocraniofacial morphological features have been found in parents of children with BCLP. Evaluation of these features might be the key to predicting the occurrence of clefts in their children and also planning for future linkage analysis studies amongst them.
Radiographic and Histochemical Assessment of Root Resorption during Canine Retraction through Piezocision Site
Authors: Ravi MS , Murali PS , Kumari Varthika , Hamidi Waliullah , Sneha K , Soans Crystal 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
The number of adult patients seeking orthodontics treatment has increased drastically. There is increased need for faster tooth movement and good esthetics. Piezocision is one of the methods used for accelerating the rate of tooth movement.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the amount of root resorption after retraction of canine through piezocision site and compare it with that of recently extracted site using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and assessment of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

Materials and Methods:
A split mouth design was used in 15 patients who were undergoing first orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions. Randomly one of the sides was chosen as control (Group I) and the other side underwent piezocision procedure (Group II). 0.022 × 0.028” MBT system was used with 0.017 × 0.025 SS wire for canine retraction using 150 grams of force. GCF samples were collected from mesio-buccal and disto-buccal of the canine with micropipette at baseline (TO) and day 90(T1) to detect the levels of DSP and the root resorption was measured using CBCT.

Results:
Statistically significant amount of root resorption was observed after retraction in both the groups. DSP levels were increased in both the groups, though little higher in Group II when compared to group I.

Conclusion:
DSP level was increased on the piezocision side but it was statistically insignificant which suggests the amount of root resorption on both the sides is similar.
Challenges in Implementation of Biomedical Waste Management among the Dental Practitioners in a Tier 2 Town in India – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sarvathikari Ramasamy , Pavithran Varsha K. , Ravichandiran Reethu 
Published: May 2022

Aim:
This study is proposed to assess the knowledge and practices among dental practitioners in the implementation of biomedical waste (BMW) management rules (2016) in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu; to assess the effective usage of the four colour-coded bins, those are used to handle the BMW; and to assess the service of the BMW collecting and disposing agents.

Methodology:
A questionnaire comprising of 12 closed-ended and 1 open-ended question regarding the dental practitioner's management of BMW in their daily clinical practice was developed. After validation, the questionnaire was sent as Google forms to 54 dental practitioners who are practicing at Kumbakonam, and responses were received from all. The collected data was entered in an Excel sheet, and then percentages were obtained for each response from the participants.

Result:
The most common challenges were, space-occupying BMW disposal bins as well as the lack of regular collection of BMW, this may be because the disposal agent's services cover a larger geographical area with lesser wastage collecting manpower. Though most of the study participants were well aware and practiced the management, still a small percentage of practitioners were lacking in this. The responses on storage and handling the BMW management reflect the knowledge gap in more than half of them.

Conclusion:
These challenges indicate the need for a well-established network of BMW collecting agencies and cost-effective, tailor-made colour-coded bins for suitable and continuous usage in dentistry.
The correlation between hepcidin levels and iron parameters in patients with end-stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis successfully treated from hepatitis C virus by directly acting antiretrovirals
Authors: El Sharkawy Magdy M. , El Said Heba W. , Behairy Maha A. , Ahmed Fatma A. , Sharaf Mohamed A. , Khedr Lina E. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Hepcidin is a polypeptide secreted from the liver. It regulates iron metabolism by blocking further iron absorption when iron stores are high. Hepcidin levels are usually higher than the normal range in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to lowering of hepcidin levels, leading to more iron overload. The objectives were to determine whether there is a correlation between iron stores and hepcidin levels in HD patients after HCV treatment and to assess the level of hepcidin in those patients who were treated from HCV compared with those who have chronic HCV infection.

Patients and methods
In total, 60 patients on regular HD were recruited and 30 healthy controls. Group I: 30 patients who have been successfully treated from HCV by directly acting antiretroviral drugs with a persistently negative PCR for at least 3 months, group II: 30 patients with chronic HCV infection, and 30 healthy controls form group III. Serum hepcidin levels, iron profile, and complete blood count were compared in all groups.

Results
Hepcidin levels were significantly higher in the HCV-treated group versus the HCV-infected group (mean 226.77±144.13 and 87.77±40.77 ng/dl), respectively, significantly higher transferrin-binding capacity (TIBC), and mean levels 410.5±74.65 and 310.93±122.57 μg/dl. Ferritin levels were higher in the HCV-infected group (355.13±196, 899.5±1522 ng/dl) than in HCV-treated. There was a significant correlation between hepcidin and serum iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation in the HCV-treated group. On regression analysis, only TIBC and transferrin saturation correlated significantly.

Conclusions
Post HCV treatment with directly acting antiretroviral drugs, hepcidin levels are higher than during HCV-infection state and correlate significantly to higher TIBC. Further studies are needed to establish the effect of iron supplementation on hepcidin level in this subgroup of patients.
Bone markers and renal functional status in healthy Nigeria adults
Authors: Ale Ayotunde Oladunni , Bakare Jane Chiemeka , Oyebisi Oyekunle Olayanju , Adeyemo Olusola Lukman 
Published: May 2022

Background
There is a dearth of reports on the relationship between bone metabolism and renal function in Nigeria. This study determined the association between bone-turnover markers and renal functional status in healthy Nigerian adults.

Patients and methods
This exploratory observational study consisted of 80 apparently healthy participants aged 22–50 years without known risk factors for renal impairment. Fasting samples were analyzed for biochemical bone-turnover markers, including serum osteocalcin, total alkaline phosphatase, 24-h urine-calcium excretion, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]; and calcium, phosphate, and creatinine. The estimated glomerular-filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Cockcroft–Gault formula. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scan (DXA scan). Statistical analysis was carried out and P level less than 0.05 was regarded as significant.

Results
The mean age of study participants was 32.1±5.8 years with a mean GFR of 98.15±9.02 ml/min, mean serum 25(OH)D 51.53±15.45 mmol/l, and mean BMD/Z score 0.54±0.07)/0.20±1.02. None of the participants had osteoporosis or vitamin-D deficiency. There is a significant correlation between bone marker − osteocalcin and BMD, and PTH with BMD and GFR (P<0.05). Also, a nonsignificant trend was observed between calcium excretion, 25(OH)D, and estimated GFR (P=0.07, P=0.08).

Conclusion
PTH may be an early marker of bone loss in renal dysfunction.
Exploring Community Pharmacist’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward the Provision of Pharmaceutical Care. A Prospective Cross-sectional Study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Siddique Abubakar , Ahmed Ejaz , Al Zoghabi Mohammed , Alsaif Emad , Alhawshani Faisal 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Pharmaceutical care (PC) is the new way of practicing the pharmacist's rule; practicing the PC will improve the quality of life of the patient by providing advices and counseling such as following up the patient after taking the medicines.

Objective:
Evaluating the knowledge, attitude, practice, and perceived barriers of community pharmacists in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, toward the provision of PC.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study consisting of a questionnaire was conducted to gather data from pharmacy professionals working in community pharmacies in Qassim region of Saudi Arabia between September 2019 and May 2020. A sample of 130 pharmacists were given the questionnaire by the investigator.

Results:
The respondents showed a positive knowledge as 60% think that the medications should be dispensed to patients only, and 95.4% of the respondents are willing to counsel and offer advice to the patients. For attitude, there was also a positive response as 92.3% agreed that primary responsibility of community pharmacists is for providing PC. For practicing, a positive response was also found as 94.6% of the respondents do collect medication history from the patient, while 68.5% of the respondents follow up the patient's progress and assured that desired outcomes have been achieved. For barriers, lack of space and privacy were the most agreed barriers by the respondents with 63%.

Conclusions:
Community pharmacists have shown good knowledge, attitude, and practice in relation to the provision of PC in our study and major barrier we found in our study that lack of privacy in the pharmacy in which the patients will not be willing to express or explain their health or drug-related problems comfortably.
The Mystery of Mucormycosis in COVID-19
Authors: Kalita Deepjyoti , Bhatia Mohit , Rekha Udayakumar Sasi , Singh Arpana 
Published: May 2022

Background:
There was a global surge in cases of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic in 2021, reported especially from India. Various predisposing factors such as diabetes mellitus, rampant use of corticosteroids, and COVID-19 per se may be responsible for this spike. Some public health experts have postulated that the epidemiological link between the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 and mucormycosis should be explored.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective exploratory study was conducted, in which data of 15 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 with mucormycosis and/or aspergillosis co-infections were collected after obtaining approval from the institute's ethics committee. These patients were admitted to the Mucor wards of our hospital. The positive COVID-19 status of these patients was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The residual SARS-CoV-2 RNA containing elutes of these patients were stored at −80°C in deep freezers and subjected to whole-genome sequencing in June 2021 at the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), New Delhi, India as part of the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Consortia (INSACOG) program. Concomitant fungal infections in these patients were diagnosed by KOH wet mount and fungal culture as per standard guidelines. Descriptive statistics in the form of percentages and median were used to report the findings.

Results:
Periorbital swelling and ocular pain (14/15; 93.33%), followed by facial swelling (11/15; 73.33%) and nasal obstruction (9/15; 60%), were the most common clinical features observed in these patients. Rhizopus arrhizus was the most common causative fungal agent (12/15; 80%). The majority of the patients (9/13; 69.23%) were infected with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion:
COVID-associated mucormycosis seems to be multifactorial in origin. Although there may be a possible association between mucormycosis and the Delta variant, more studies should be conducted to explore this seemingly reasonable proposition.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AFETIVIDADE NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS E MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Silva Rafael Soares 
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo teve por finalidade abordar a importância da afetividade no Ensino de Ciências e Matemática, uma vez que se constitui como um segmento de pesquisa que carece de debate em nível nacional, bem como a ausência de estudos relacionados. Nessa perspectiva, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados: Periódicos Capes, Scielo, Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca Online, a partir da busca dos seguintes descritores: afetividade, cognição, aprendizagem, ensino, ciências naturais e matemática e elaborada uma síntese de conhecimento. Obteve-se como resultados que o ensino tanto das ciências naturais quanto exatas ainda apresenta um padrão formalístico, centrado no/a professor/a, no livro didático, em aulas expositivas e exercícios. Em contraponto, a cada dia é reforçada a vertente da pedagogia afetiva, a qual à afetividade é vista como um elemento importante para construção do saber matemático e científico. Em síntese, o estudo reafirmou a indissociabilidade entre afeto e cognição no cenário educacional, apontando para a importância da formação do professor pautada nas discussões de caráter metacognitivo como possibilidade para a reflexão e tomada de consciência da relação mútua entre as diferentes variáveis que contribuem para esta aprendizagem.
Efficacy of active stretching exercises against symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea in young adult females: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ibrahim Zizi M. , Alharkan Bayader S. , Alanzi Ebtehaj H. , Alnasban Haya A. , Alsuwailem Maha M. , Al Khalil Wafa K. 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionPrimary dysmenorrhea symptoms affect most women’s daily life activities. The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy of active stretching exercises in reducing pain intensity and improving menstruation characteristics of young adult females.MethodsThirty-three females with primary dysmenorrhea, were randomly assigned into three equal groups; group A (<i>n</i> = 11) practiced a supervised active stretching program three times a week for four weeks, group B (<i>n</i> = 11) practiced a non-supervised active stretching three times a week for four weeks and a control group C (<i>n</i> = 11). Pain intensity and menstruation characteristics were measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System (VMS) respectively, before and at the end of the study. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test differences between groups; While Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test was used to within-group comparison.ResultsA significant reduction in pain intensity was obtained in both intervention groups (A&B) (<i>p</i> = 0.003; 0.007 respectively), whereas post-treatment comparison between groups revealed a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity in favor of group A (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.001). A significant improvement in menstruation characteristics was found in group A (<i>p</i> = 0.007) with non-significant improvements in either group B or the control group C (<i>p</i> = 0.07; 1.0 respectively).ConclusionsBoth supervised and non-supervised active stretching exercises could provide a safe non-pharmacological alternative for pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea.