bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in scaling community discovery methods for signed graph networks
Authors: Tomasso Maria , Rusnak Lucas J , Tešić Jelena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCommunity detection is a common task in social network analysis with applications in a variety of fields including medicine, criminology and business. Despite the popularity of community detection, there is no clear consensus on the most effective methodology for signed networks. In this article, we summarize the development of community detection in signed networks and evaluate current state-of-the-art techniques on several real-world datasets. First, we give a comprehensive background of community detection in signed graphs. Next, we compare various adaptations of the Laplacian matrix in recovering ground-truth community labels via spectral clustering in small signed graph datasets. Then, we evaluate the scalability of leading algorithms on small, large, dense and sparse real-world signed graph networks. We conclude with a discussion of our novel findings and recommendations for extensions and improvements in state-of-the-art techniques for signed graph community discovery in real-world signed graphs.
met v1: expanding on old estimations of biodiversity from eDNA with a new database framework
Authors: Molik David C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A long-standing problem in environmental DNA has been the inability to compute across large number of datasets. Here we introduce an open-source software framework that can store a large number of environmental DNA datasets, as well as provide a platform for analysis, in an easily customizable way. We show the utility of such an approach by analyzing over 1400 arthropod metabarcode datasets. This article introduces a new software framework, met, which utilizes large numbers of metabarcode datasets to draw conclusions about patterns of diversity at large spatial scales. Given more accurate estimations on the distribution of variance in metabarcode datasets, this software framework could facilitate novel analyses that are outside the scope of currently available similar platforms.
Database URL https://osf.io/spb8v/
Eligibility of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation on in-hospital cardiac arrests in Sweden: a national registry study
Authors: Ölander Carl Henrik , Vikholm Per , Schiller Petter , Hellgren Laila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for refractory cardiac arrest (CA) is used in selected cases. The incidence of ECPR-eligible patients is not known. The aim of this study was to identify the ECPR-eligible patients among in-hospital CAs (IHCA) in Sweden and to estimate the potential gain in survival and neurological outcome, if ECPR was to be used.

Methods and results
Data between 1 January 2015 and 30 August 2019 were extracted from the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Register (SCAR). Two arbitrary groups were defined, based on restrictive or liberal inclusion criteria. In both groups, logistic regression was used to determine survival and cerebral performance category (CPC) for conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cCPR). When ECPR was assumed to be possible, it was considered equivalent to return of spontaneous circulation, and the previous logistic regression model was applied to define outcome for comparison of conventional CPR and ECPR. The assumption in the model was a minimum of 15 min of refractory CA and 5 min of cannulation. A total of 9209 witnessed IHCA was extracted from SCAR. Depending on strictness of inclusion, an average of 32–64 patients/year remains in refractory after 20 min of cCPR, theoretically eligible for ECPR. If optimal conditions for ECPR are assumed and potential negative side effects disregarded of, the estimated potential benefit of survival of ECPR in Sweden would be 10–19 (0.09–0.19/100 000) patients/year, when a 30% success rate is expected. The benefit of ECPR on survival and CPC scoring was found to be detrimental over time and minimal at 60 min of cCPR.

Conclusion
The number of ECPR-eligible patients among IHCA in Sweden is dependent on selection criteria and predicted to be low. There is an estimated potential benefit of ECPR, on survival and neurological outcome if initiated within 60 min of the IHCA.
Tricuspid leaflet flail after Micra™ leadless pacemaker implantation: a case report
Authors: Pingitore Annachiara , Calcagno Simone , Salvador Loris , Mennuni Silvia , Cavarretta Elena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Currently, the leadless pacemaker indications are limited to few and highly selected cases.

Case summary
We describe the first reported case of an atrioventricular Micra™ leadless pacemaker implantation complicated by tricuspid posterior leaflet flail with severe regurgitation in a 29-year-old man affected by asymptomatic and progressive high degree atrio-ventricular block. The patient was then treated with endoscopic tricuspid valve repair, leadless pacemaker removal and implantation of an epicardial pacemaker.

Discussion
Leadless pacemaker complications are multiple, hence it is essential to ensure a safe procedure, especially in the younger patients. We thought that the application of a transesophageal echocardiography guidance might mitigate the risk of major complications.
Mechanical support of pulmonary blood flow as a strategy to support the Norwood circulation-lumped parameter model study
Authors: Peer Syed Murfad , Yildirim Canberk , Desai Manan , Ramakrishnan Karthik , Sinha Pranava , Jonas Richard , Yerebakan Can , Pekkan Kerem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESWe hypothesize that mechanical assistance of the pulmonary blood flow in a Norwood circulation can increase systemic blood flow and oxygen delivery. The aim of the study was to compare haemodynamics of an unassisted Norwood Blalock–Taussig shunt circulation with a mechanically assisted pulmonary flow-based Norwood circulation, using a lumped parameter computational model.METHODSA neonatal circulatory lumped parameter model was developed to simulate a Norwood circulation with a 3.5-mm Blalock–Taussig shunt in a 3.5-kg neonate. A roller pump circulatory assist device with an inflow bladder was incorporated into the Norwood circulation to mechanically support the pulmonary circulation. Computer simulations were used to compare the haemodynamics of the assisted and unassisted circulations. Assisted and unassisted models with normal (56%) and reduced ejection fraction (30%) were compared.RESULTSCompared to the unassisted Norwood circulation, the systemic flow in the assisted Norwood increased by 25% (ejection fraction = 56%) and 41% (ejection fraction = 30%). The central venous pressure decreased by up to 3 mmHg (both ejection fraction = 56% and ejection fraction = 30%) at a maximum pulmonary assist flow of 800 ml/min. Initiation of assisted pulmonary flow increased the arterial oxygen saturation by up to 15% and mixed venous saturation by up to 20%.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that an assisted pulmonary flow-based Norwood circulation has higher systemic flow and oxygen delivery compared to a standard Norwood Blalock–Taussig shunt circulation.
Modeling the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 under non-pharmaceutical interventions and testing
Authors: Gurevich Yael , Ram Yoav , Hadany Lilach 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and objectives
Social and behavioral non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as mask-wearing, social distancing and travel restrictions, as well as diagnostic tests, have been broadly implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiological models and data analysis affirm that wide adoption of NPIs helps to control the pandemic. However, SARS-CoV-2 has extensively demonstrated its ability to evolve. Therefore, it is crucial to examine how NPIs may affect the evolution of the virus. Such evolution could have important effects on the spread and impact of the pandemic.

Methodology
We used evo-epidemiological models to examine the effect of NPIs and testing on two evolutionary trajectories for SARS-CoV-2: attenuation and test evasion.

Results
Our results show that when stronger measures are taken, selection may act to reduce disease severity. Additionally, the timely application of NPIs could significantly affect the competition between viral strains, favoring the milder strain. Furthermore, a higher testing rate can select for a test-evasive viral strain, even if that strain is less infectious than the detectable competing strain. Importantly, if a less detectable strain evolves, epidemiological metrics such as confirmed daily cases may distort our assessment of the pandemic.

Conclusions and implications
Our results highlight the important implications NPIs can have on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

Lay Summary
We used evo-epidemiological models to examine the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions and testing on two evolutionary trajectories for SARS-CoV-2: attenuation and test evasion. Our results show that when stronger measures are taken, selection may act to reduce disease severity.
Elucidating the correlation between the number of TTTTGAT heptamer repeats and cholera toxin promoter activity in Vibrio cholerae O1 pandemic strains
Authors: Naha Arindam , Withey Jeffrey H , Mukherjee Piyali , Saha Rudra Narayan , Samanta Prosenjit , Ghosh Amit , Miyoshi Shin-Ichi , Dutta Shanta , Mukhopadhyay Asish K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A complex virulence-regulatory cascade controls expression of the cholera toxin genes (ctxAB) in Vibrio cholerae, which eventually leads to the production and secretion of choleragen (CT), responsible for rice watery diarrhoea in infected individuals. The cholera toxin promoter (PctxAB) contains a series of heptad repeats (5′-TTTTGAT-3′), which has previously been shown to play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation of ctxAB by recruiting the transcriptional activators ToxT, ToxR and the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS along the ctx promoter. The number of these repeats differs not only between the two biotypes of V. cholerae O1 strains, but also among the strains belonging to the same biotype. In this study, we examined if regulation of PctxAB is influenced in any way by the number of these repeats. Based on our observations, we posit that ctx activation indeed depends on the number of TTTTGAT heptad repeats within PctxAB, and occupation of the distal repeats by H-NS could prevent transcriptional activation of the ctx genes in V. cholerae O1 pandemic isolates. Our results suggest that ToxT-dependent transcriptional activation may not require entire displacement of H-NS and supports a recently described revised model of ToxT and H-NS mediated PctxAB transcriptional regulation.
National Norms for the Elixhauser and Charlson Comorbidity Indexes Among Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Boogaerts Garner , Loyd Christine , Zhang Yue , Kennedy Richard E , Brown Cynthia J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundComorbidity burden is commonly measured among hospitalized adults, yet the U.S. national norms for 2 commonly used comorbidity indexes have not yet been reported. Thus, this study reports U.S. national norms for both Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) among hospitalized adults based on age, biological sex, and race.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study using data from the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality U.S. National Inpatient Sample database for 2017. Patient data were extracted from 7 159 694 inpatient adults, and analyses were focused on individuals older than 45 years, yielding 4 370 225 patients. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, diagnostic codes were used to calculate CCI and ECI scores. These scores were then weighted for the U.S. national population.ResultsThe weighted mean CCI was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22, 1.22), and the weighted mean ECI was 2.76 (95% CI: 2.76, 2.76). Both indexes had increasing average scores with increasing age, independent of sex and race (all p values &lt; .001).ConclusionFor the first time, U.S. national norms for the CCI and ECI are reported for adult inpatients. The norms can serve as a reference tool for determining if clinical and research populations have greater or lesser comorbidity burden than typical hospitalized adults in the United States for their age, sex, and race.
Using Voice and Touchscreen Controlled Smart Speakers to Protect Vulnerable Clients in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Davitt Joan K , Brown Jocelyn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services restricted long-term care facility visitation to only essential personnel during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The Maryland Department of Human Services distributed Amazon Echoshow 8 voice and touchscreen controlled smart speakers (VTCSS) to a sample of their institutionalized guardianship clients to enhance caseworker access during the pandemic.Research Design and MethodsThis pilot study focused on understanding VTCSS use challenges and the effects on clients’ safety and well-being. Two focus groups were conducted with caseworkers (N = 16) who piloted the devices. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using open and axial coding.ResultsFour themes were identified, including challenges to providing casework during the pandemic (e.g., facility technology gaps), challenges to device installation and use (e.g., privacy concerns), strategies for overcoming challenges (e.g., alert features), and benefits (e.g., stimulation, care monitoring) and uses (e.g., enhanced access, entertainment).Discussion and ImplicationsVTCSS show great promise to engage the client, maintain visual access, and monitor quality of care. However, facilitating access to such technology requires planning and training before installation.
Reactions to Amyloid PET Scan Results and Levels of Anxious and Depressive Symptoms: CARE IDEAS Study
Authors: Bélanger Emmanuelle , D’Silva Jessica , Carroll Michaela S , Van Houtven Courtney H , Shepherd-Banigan Megan , Smith Valerie A , Wetle Terrie T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Few studies have examined care partners’ reactions to their loved ones receiving amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) scan results, which can be indicative of Alzheimer’s disease. We explored care partners’ reactions qualitatively, and checked the association of scan results and diagnostic category (dementia vs mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) with care partner anxious and depressive symptoms through quantitative analysis.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from 1,761 care partners in the Caregivers’ Reactions and Experience, a supplemental study of the Imaging Dementia Evidence for Amyloid Scanning study, we applied an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design and examined the reactions of 196 care partners to receiving amyloid PET scan results through open-ended interview questions. Based on the qualitative content analysis, we hypothesized there would be an association of care partners’ depressive (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) and anxious (6-item State–Trait Anxiety Inventory) symptoms with scan results and diagnostic category which we then tested with logistic regression models.

Results
Content analysis of open-ended responses suggests that when scan results follow the care partner’s expectations, for example, elevated amyloid in persons with dementia, care partners report relief and gratitude for the information, rather than distress. Adjusted logistic regression models of survey responses support this finding, with significantly higher odds of anxiety, but not depressive symptoms, among care partners of persons with MCI versus dementia and elevated amyloid.

Discussion and Implications
Care partners of persons with MCI reported distress and had higher odds of anxiety after receiving elevated amyloid PET scan results than care partners of persons with dementia. This has the potential to inform clinical practice through recommendations for mental health screening and referrals.
Digitization of GLAM Collections and Copyright: Policy Paper
Authors: Benhamou Yaniv , Ferland Justine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Copyright can be a major obstacle for cultural institutions regarding digitization and online accessibility, which ultimately leads to the under-exploitation of collections at the expense of society and to a need to support cultural heritage institutions with legislative and/or policy changes or at least clarifications. This contribution is a policy paper that aims to clarify the copyright law principles applicable to museum professionals dealing with digital cultural heritage worldwide, and to formulate policies to facilitate their digital activities. An initial version of this policy paper was published on a dedicated website and led to an international conference held in 2020 in Geneva. Although it is primarily addressed to museums, this policy paper may also serve as guidance to stakeholders in other areas dealing with digital cultural heritage, in particular Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM). Part I proposes policies directed towards national and international policymakers. Parts II and III are directed towards cultural institutions, and set out a code of conduct that cultural institutions may follow when pursuing digitization and dissemination activities in order to comply with the actual state of the law and minimize the risks associated with these activities (Part II), and an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedure to help cultural institutions and rights holders identify issues and reach satisfactory solutions in disputes around digital activities (Part III).***
What will the future make of our discoveries?
Authors: Montgomery John C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Science is an ecosystem, and its evolution is driven by the legacy of what has gone before. I have been privileged to be part of this, finding a niche in which to work and live, in the biome of marine science. Entering science through curiosity and connection to the sea, I was lucky to encounter mentors who lit up potential career paths and facilitated connections to community. My career is an ongoing part of their legacy. Like evolution itself, the journey of science practice is not pre-ordained, with no itinerary. Various paths are tried, and some become established through the selection pressure of success. Opportunities arise, and collaborations are formed with a commonality of interest and purpose, and a diversity of ideas and expertise. Supervision of postgraduates also provides an expanding legacy out in to the wider world. What will our individual and collective legacy look like? My hope is that our understanding of complex systems, such as ocean ecosystems, is captured and challenged by computational models capable of predicting future states. Being able to see what different futures look like, with and without positive interventions, should help us make better choices and create a sustainable Anthropocene future by active design.
Amplicon Sequencing as a Potential Surveillance Tool for Complexity of Infection and Drug Resistance Markers in Plasmodium falciparum Asymptomatic Infections
Authors: Wamae Kevin , Kimenyi Kelvin M , Osoti Victor , de Laurent Zaydah R , Ndwiga Leonard , Kharabora Oksana , Hathaway Nicholas J , Bailey Jeffrey A , Juliano Jonathan J , Bejon Philip , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Genotyping Plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in malaria infections is an important aspect of malaria molecular epidemiology to understand within-host diversity and the frequency of drug resistance markers.

Methods
We characterized P. falciparum genetic diversity in asymptomatic infections and subsequent first febrile infections using amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) of ama1 in Coastal Kenya. We also examined temporal changes in haplotype frequencies of mdr1, a drug-resistant marker.

Results
We found &gt;60% of the infections were polyclonal (complexity of infection [COI] &gt;1) and there was a reduction in COI over time. Asymptomatic infections had a significantly higher mean COI than febrile infections based on ama1 sequences (2.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.65–2.77] vs 2.22 [95% CI, 2.17–2.29], respectively). Moreover, an analysis of 30 paired asymptomatic and first febrile infections revealed that many first febrile infections (91%) were due to the presence of new ama1 haplotypes. The mdr1-YY haplotype, associated with chloroquine and amodiaquine resistance, decreased over time, while the NY (wild type) and the NF (modulates response to lumefantrine) haplotypes increased.

Conclusions
This study emphasizes the utility of AmpSeq in characterizing parasite diversity as it can determine relative proportions of clones and detect minority clones. The usefulness of AmpSeq in antimalarial drug resistance surveillance is also highlighted.
Short- and Medium-term Impacts of Employability Training: Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment in Rwanda
Authors: Alcid Annie , Bulte Erwin , Lensink Robert , Sayinzoga Aussi , Treurniet Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We use a randomised field experiment to study short-term and medium-term impacts of a training intervention that aims to increase employability of Rwandan (underemployed) youths. The training includes networking and mentorship as well as modules on developing entrepreneurship, technical skills and soft social skills. We evaluate intended outcomes of the training on attitudes towards work, employability and labour market outcomes. We also consider unintended social impacts of the training. The outcomes of the intervention are modest. While on the short term the training positively impacted ‘work readiness’ and networking, we do not document significant effects on employment status or income. In the medium term, we do not find any significant effect. Non-compliance and attrition reduced statistical power of our analysis.