Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Gastropoda pada Ekosistem Mangrove Desa Kramat Kecamatan Mananggu Kabupaten Boalemo, Provinsi Gorontalo
Authors: Abukasim Mansyur , Kasim Faizal , Kadim Miftahul Khair 
Published: October 2022

Pesisir Desa Kramat merupakan bagian dari sebaran mangrove di kawasan Teluk Tomini. Tekanan lingkungan akibat aktivitas masyarakat seperti alih fungsi kawasan dan sampah pesisir ditengarai telah merusak kawasan mangrove di Desa Kramat. Kondisi tersebut dikhawatirkan berdampak pada gastropoda sebagai komponen esensial ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati kekayaan jenis, keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan gastropoda mangrove di pesisir Desa Kramat, Kabupaten Boalemo, Provinsi Gorontalo. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mensurvei populasi gastropoda menggunakan kuadran berukuran 5x5 m yang dibuat pada tiga transek garis (LT) yang berbeda berdasarkan lebar sabuk mangrove. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah spesies gastropoda di ekosistem mangrove adalah 14 yang mewakili anggota 8 famili. Kelimpahan tertinggi terdapat di LT-1 dengan lebar sabuk mangrove terkecil, yaitu Terebralia sulcata (14.800 ind/ha) untuk tingkat spesies dan Potamididae (20.600 ind/ha) untuk tingkat famili. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener untuk semua spesies berkisar antara 1,517 hingga 2,177. Nilai indeks dispersi Morisita berkisar antara 0,97–14,00 untuk tingkat spesies dan 0,97–4,67 untuk tingkat famili. Meskipun jumlah spesies gastropoda cukup besar, nilai indeks keanekaragamannya tergolong sedang, dengan sebaran mengelompok. Kajian ini menunjukkan peran ekologis kawasan mangrove Desa Kramat sebagai penunjang keanekaragaman hayati dan habitat gastropoda yang diperlukan untuk pengelolaan kawasan pesisir di Teluk Tomini. The coast of Kramat Village is part of the mangrove distribution area in the Tomini Bay area. Environmental pressures due to community activities such as area conversion and coastal waste are suspected of degrading the mangrove area in Kramat Village. The condition is feared to impact gastropods as an essential component of the mangrove ecosystem. This research aimed to observe species richness, diversity, and the abundance of mangrove gastropods on the coast of Kramat Village, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. The study was conducted by surveying the gastropod population using a 5x5 m quadrant established on three different line transects (LT) based on the width of the mangrove belt. The study's results showed that the number of gastropod species in the mangrove ecosystem was 14, representing members of 8 families. The highest abundance was found in LT-1 with the smallest mangrove belt width, namely Terebralia sulcata (14,800 ind.ha-1) for species level and Potamididae (20,600 ind.ha-1) for family level. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index values for all species ranged from 1.517 to 2.177. Morisita's dispersion index values ranged from 0.97-14.00 for the species level and 0.97-4.67 for the family level. Although the number of gastropod species is quite large, the diversity index value is categorized as a medium, with distribution clumped. This study shows the ecological role of the mangrove area of Kramat Village to support biodiversity and as a habitat for gastropods needed for the management of coastal areas in Tomini Bay.