bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients initiating lurasidone for the treatment of schizophrenia in Europe
Authors: Jones A. , Sargeant M. , Andiappan M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLurasidone is a second-generation antipsychotic shown to have a lower risk of weight gain and a lower incidence of metabolic adverse events compared with some medications in the same class.ObjectivesTo describe treatment patterns, clinical outcomes and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) over 12 months following lurasidone initiation in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis was a multi-centre observational study involving data collection from patients’ medical records, conducted in seven mental health centres in the United Kingdom (UK) and Switzerland. The study included patients aged ≥18 years who initiated lurasidone after 1 January 2016 for the treatment of schizophrenia. Data were collected from medical records both retrospectively and prospectively using a standardised data collection form. Data collected included patient characteristics, treatment history, lurasidone regimens, clinical outcomes and ADRs.ResultsForty-eight patients participated in the study. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at lurasidone initiation was 33.5 (25.5-50.3) years and 31 (65%) patients were male. The median (range) lurasidone starting dose was 37 mg daily (9.3–148 mg). Thirty-eight (79%) patients continued lurasidone for the entire 12-month follow-up period. Among the 14 (29%) patients with documented relapse, the median (IQR) time to relapse was 3.4 (1.5–7.9) months. Five ADRs were recorded in patient notes judged as related to lurasidone: agitation, nausea, akathisia, somnolence and vomiting (one patient each).ConclusionsIn this real-world study of patients with schizophrenia in the UK and Switzerland, 79% of patients continued lurasidone for at least 12 months, and ADRs were reported rarely in patient notes.DisclosureThis study was sponsored by CNX Therapeutics Ltd (formerly Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Europe Ltd). AJ is an employee of CNX Therapeutics. MA is an employee of OPEN HEALTH who was contracted by CNX Therapeutics for data analysis and medical writing.
“Part of the solution yet part of the problem” Stigmatization in mental health professionals: characteristics and associated factors
Authors: Valery K.-M. , Prouteau A. , Violeau L. , Fournier T. , Guionnet S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe consequences of schizophrenia stigma are numerous and highly damaging to individuals, their families, the health care system and society. Mental health professionals (MHP) are considered to be one of the main sources of schizophrenia stigmatization.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to identify individual and contextual factors associated with stigmatization in MHP in its three dimensions.MethodsAn online survey was conducted with specific measures of MHP stigmatization (stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination). Four categories of potential associated factors were also measured: sociodemographic information, contextual characteristics (e.g. work setting), individual characteristics (e.g. profession, recovery-oriented practices) and theoretical beliefs (e.g. biological beliefs, perceived similarities, continuum beliefs). Models of prediction were computed when applicable.ResultsResponses of 357 MHP were analysed. The main factors associated with stigmatization (stereotypes, prejudice) in MHP are of two types: i) individual beliefs (about mental illness: biological etiological beliefs, categorical beliefs; or about MHP themselves: professional utility beliefs, similarity beliefs) and ii) characteristics of practices (recovery oriented practice, work setting, profession).ConclusionsThese original results suggest new strategies for reducing stigma in mental health practices such as focusing on individual beliefs and fostering recovery-oriented practice and professional utility beliefs.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The adaptation of The parental reflective functioning questionnaire adolescent version to the Hungarian language and presentation of its psychometric characteristics
Authors: Szabó B. , Miklósi M. , Boda M. , Futó J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionParental reflective function is the ability of a parent to attribute mental states to their child and to themselves. The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire is widely used for the measurement of this construct, the adolescent version of which can be used by parents of children aged 12-18.ObjectivesThe aim of our research was to adapt the adolescent version of The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire to the Hungarian language.MethodsIn our study 240 mothers completed the adolescent version of The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ-A), and the Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ).ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis did not confirm the original three-factor structure. The principal component analysis resulted in a two-factor structure. Factors corresponded to the original questionnaire’s certainty in mental states (Alpha = .81) and interest and curiosity subscales (Alpha = .70). When analyzing the relationship between parental reflective function and reflective function, the subscales of the parental reflective function questionnaire were examined with two types of median coding in addition to polar coding. During the first median coding, the frequency of scores in the middle of the scales reflected optimal mentalization, while the frequency of extreme values on the scales corresponded to less favorable reflective functioning. With the second median coding, hypermentalization and hypomentalization subscales were also created. The second median transcoding proved to be the most suitable for capturing the relationship between RFQ and PRFQ-A.ConclusionsThe questionnaire proved to be a reliable measure on the Hungarian sample and we recommend using the additional subscales.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders among adults in the Lazio region, Italy: use of an algorithm based on health information systems
Authors: Forastiere A. , Cascini S. , Calandrini E. , Agabiti N. , Davoli M. , Bargagli A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMental healthcare provision is undergoing substantial reconfiguration in many regions of the world. Such changes require a broad evidence-based approach incorporating epidemiological data and information of local needs.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) in the Lazio region and its geographical distribution using the regional health information systems (HIS).MethodsCases of SSDs (15-64-year-old) were identified using an algorithm based on data from the hospital discharge registry [ICD IX CM: 295, 297, 298 (excl. 298.0)] and the ticket exemption database [code 044], between 2006 and 2019. Crude, and age- and gender-specific prevalence estimates on December 31, 2019, were calculated. To compare prevalence between different areas within the region, we calculated age- and gender-adjusted prevalence ratesResultsA total of 18,371 cases were identified. Crude prevalence rate was 4.29/1,000 (95% CI 4.29-4.30) and 5.93/1,000 (95% CI 5.92-5.949 for women and men, respectively. An increase in the prevalence rate by age was observed in both genders. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rate was 5.03/1,000 (95 % CI 4.96-5.10), with significant differences within the region, ranging from 4.25/1,000 in the province of Viterbo to 5.42/1,000 in the city of Rome and 6.02/1000 in the province of Frosinone.ConclusionsOur results showed that the overall prevalence of SSDs among adults in the Lazio region is similar to estimates published in prior reviews, but an uneven regional geographical distribution was observed. While possible underestimation must be considered, HIS represents a valuable source of information useful for epidemiological surveillance and healthcare planning.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
For Personality Disorders
Authors: Treasure J. 
Published: September 2022

The number of diagnostic categories of eating disorders have increased over time. The term transdiagnostic has been commonly used for eating disorders as in general they share problematic eating patterns and variations in weight. However, there are also extreme differences, for instance in the realm of personality style. One example of contrasts is the polygenic correlation with ADHD which is positive in binge eating disorders and absent in anorexia nervosa. This is concordant with the clinical presentation whereby AN is associated with compulsive, rigid perfectionistic features consistent with an obsessive-compulsive personality style whereas BED is associated with impulsivity. ARFID and AN have features that overlap with characteristics of autistic spectrum disorders. Nevertheless, traits of neuroticism are shared across eating disorders and other psychiatric disorders. Another contrast is in the exposure to adversity in childhood. People with binge eating disorder have many forms of childhood adversity including the ramifications of weight stigma and this leaves an imprint on personality development. Thus, there is no one size that fits all in terms of the unfolding links between personality and eating disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The association between social support and antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms among Australian women
Authors: Tilahune A. , Peng W. , Adams J. , Sibbritt D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAntenatal depression and antenatal anxiety adversely affect several obstetric and foetal outcomes, and increase the rate of postnatal mental illness. Thus, to tackle these challenges the need for social support during pregnancy is vital.ObjectivesThis study examined the association between domains of social support and antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms among Australian women.MethodsOur study used data obtained from the 1973–78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH), focusing upon women who reported being pregnant (n=493). Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D-10) scale, and the 9-item Goldberg Anxiety and Depression scale (GADS) respectively. The 19 item-Medical Outcomes Study Social Support index (MOSS) was used to assess social support. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine the associations between domains of social support and antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, our study found that the odds of antenatal depressive symptoms was about four and threefold higher among pregnant women who reported low emotional/informational support (AOR=4.75; 95% CI: 1.45, 15.66; p=0.010) and low social support (overall support) (AOR: 3.26, 95%CI: 1.05, 10.10, p=0.040) respectively compared with their counterpart. In addition, the odds of antenatal anxiety symptoms was seven times higher among pregnant women who reported low affectionate support/positive social interaction (AOR=7.43; 95%CI: 1.75, 31.55; p=0.006).ConclusionsLow emotional support and low affectionate support have a significant association with antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. As such, targeted screening of expectant women for social support is essential.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The association between long term intake of ultra-processed foods and recurrence of depressive symptoms in the Whitehall II cohort
Authors: Arshad H. , Akbaraly T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionHigh amounts of Ultra-Processed Foods (UPF) characterized Western type diet and have recently been associated with adverse cardio-metabolic outcomes. The extent to which UPF intakes affect Depressive Symptoms (DepS) in non-Mediterranean countries remains uninvestigated.ObjectivesWe aimed to study whether long-term intake of UPF over adult life 1) is associated with subsequent recurrence of DepS assessed over 13 years of follow-up and 2) contribute to explain the diet quality-DepS associations already established.MethodsData came from the 4554 participants (mean age=61.0 (SD=5.9) years; 74% men) from the Whitehall II Study who underwent repeated dietary intake assessment (food frequency questionnaire in 1991-1993, 1997-1999 and 2002-2004), and follow-up for recurrence of DepS (CES-D ≥ 16 or use of antidepressants) over 13 years (2002-2004 and 2015-2016). The NOVA classification was used to estimate UPF intakes.ResultsOver 13 years of follow-up, 12.9% of participants reported having recurrence of DepS. Results of logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders showed that high amounts of UPF intakes (top quintile versus the four last ones) increased the odds of recurrent DepS by 30 % (95%CI 1.05 - 1.61). Additional analyses suggested that UPF intakes did not attenuate much the overall diet quality–DepS association previously reported.ConclusionsOur study showed that long term exposure to high UPF intakes increased odds of subsequent recurrent DepS. This association was independent of overall diet quality. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms between food processing and depression physiopathology.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
i-ECO: a novel method for the analysis and visualization of fMRI results in Psychiatry
Authors: Tarchi L. , Fantoni T. , Pisano T. , Damiani S. , La Torraca Vittori P. , Marini S. , Nazzicari N. , Castellini G. , Politi P. , Ricca V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe high technical barrier to entry in the field of neuroimaging can hinder early insight from promising results and the development of evidence-based clinical practice.ObjectivesThe working group focused on published literature in order to develop a new methodology in the analysis, visualization, and representation of fMRI data in the psychiatric setting.MethodsThree valid and established measures were chosen, in order to achieve dimensionality reduction, stability and explainability of results, namely Regional-Homogeneity; fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations; Eigenvector-Centrality. Each measure was color coded and individual images per subject compiled, averaging results by functional networks as described the FIND lab of the University of Stanford. 272 individual scans were processed (130 neurotypicals, 50 patients with Schizophrenia, 49 with Bipolar Disorder, 43 with ADHD).ResultsThe discriminative power between clinical groups of the novel method was significant both by human eye, and later confirmation by statistical tests, and by computer vision algorithms (Convolutional Neural Networks). The precision-recall Area Under the Curve, dividing by 80/20 proportion between train and test sets, was >84.5% for each group. The group of patients with Bipolar Disorder showed a partial overlap with the group of patients suffering from Schizophrenia – by a dominance of Eigenvector-Centrality and Regional-Homogeneity, as well as a lower prevalence of fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations, for both in comparison to controls.ConclusionsThe present study offers preliminary evidence for the adoption of i-ECO (integrated-Explainability through Color Coding) in fMRI analyses during rest in the Psychiatric field.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The effect of antidepressant treatment on white matter integrity in Major Depression
Authors: Tourjman S. , Potvin S. , Milan R. , Kouassi E. , Luck D. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWhite matter abnormalities have been identified in major depressive disorder (MDD). Although several diffusion tensor imaging studies found decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in MDD, the effect of antidepressants (AD) treatment on white matter integrity has been insufficiently studied.ObjectivesWe sought to examine the effect of AD treatment of MDD on white matter, using DTI, in responders compared to nonresponders.MethodsWe included 25 individuals with MDD (HAMD >/=20) without inflammatory, unstable medical/neurological conditions or prolonged duration (> 1 year),or AD or anti-inflammatory treatment >/=1 week preceding first evaluation. Evaluation before treatment and at 16 weeks included depression rating scales, a cognitive battery, inflammatory markers and MRI. Desvenlafaxine was initiated at 50mg with a possible increase to 100mg at 8 weeks.ResultsChanges included: increased volume in responders in the right Inferior Fronto-Occipital fasciculus (p=0.0315) and Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus part 3 (p=0.0050); in remitters in the right Inferior Fronto-Occipital fasciculus (p=0.0359) and Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus part 2 (p<0.05) and 3 (p=0.0481); decreased volume in responders in the left Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus part 1 (p=0.0147) and left Corona Radiata(p<0.05); and in remitters in the left Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus part 1 (p=0.0109) and the Corpus Callosum part 5 (p<0.05); decreased FA in the right Cortico Spinal Tract in remitters (p=0.0175) and responders (p=0.0272), and an increase in FA in the left Uncinate Fasciculus in nonremitters (p=0.0493). These results lose significance following Bonferroni correction.ConclusionsOverall, AD treatment of MDD was not associated with significant changes in FA, whole brain, or specific tract volume in this study.DisclosureThis research was funded by Pfizer Canada.
Migration and psychosis: the link between them
Authors: De Andrés Lobo C. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , Vallecillo Adame C. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. , Guerra Valera G. , Santos Carrasco I. , Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Fernández Lozano M. , Rodríguez Rodríguez B. , Navarro Barriga N. , Mateos Sexmero M.J. , De Uribe Viloria N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMigrations are a source of stress for patients, which can have repercussions on their Mental Health. We present the case of a native Senegalese patient who presented a first psychotic episode.ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical case of an immigrant patient with a psychotic disorder.MethodsBibliographic review on migration and psychosis by searching for articles in Pubmed.ResultsWe present the case of a patient of 20 years, a native of Senegal, who has been living in Spain for 3 months in a shelter home. He has no family or relations in Spain, and only speaks Wolof, presenting serious difficulties in communication with healthcare workers. He came to Hospital with his social worker because strange behaviors had been observed. He presented delusional ideation of self-referential and mystical-religious content, related to “the prophet” and “the need to fulfill a mission”. He also presented auditory hallucinations that he identified as of divine origin, and ordered him to perform behaviors such as picking hairs from the ground and various rituals. He acknowledges cannabis and alcohol use in the previous days. Paliperidone treatment was started. Throughout the admission, he begins to show concern for the state of his relatives in Senegal and the need to send them money.ConclusionsMultiple studies indicate that migrants are at higher risk of psychosis, specially those from countries where the majority of population was black, according to some series. The challenge lies in understanding the mechanisms underlying this increased incidence, taking into account psychosocial factors such as social isolation and trauma.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Has Suicide Really Increased After the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Wasserman D. 
Published: September 2022

Despite being preventable, approximately 800,000 people die by suicide each year worldwide. Evidence suggests that suicide rates decrease during crises, but once the immediate threat passes, suicide rates are expected to increase. The COVID-19 pandemic likely affects risk and protective factors for suicide. Studies show mixed results regarding whether suicide behaviours have increased among adults during the pandemic. The results are however different for young people. An increase in suicidal behaviours has been identified in some countries among young people after lockdown period and when returning to schools. Data also suggests that there may have been a rise in deaths by suicide among those younger than 18 years in China, and during the first phase of lockdown in the United Kingdom. Studies have found significant decreases in hospital admissions for suicidal behaviours and visits to emergency departments both for adults and adolescents. Suicide can be prevented if evidence-based methods that exist are implemented in a systematic way. Wasserman, D., Iosue, M., Wuestefeld, A., & Carli, V. (2020). Adaptation of evidence-based suicide prevention strategies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 19(3), 294–306.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Anhedonia. Depressive versus negative symptom
Authors: Reynolds De Sousa T. , Ribeiro M. , Lourenço A. , Novais F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnhedonia is a symptom usually, and probably simplistically, defined as the inability to experience pleasure. It is considered one of the core symptoms of depression and a negative symptom of schizophrenia.ObjectivesWe intend to explore whether previous studies found common or dissimilar experiences of anhedonia in depression and schizophrenia.MethodsWe performed a review of the published literature on the subject using PubMed. We conducted a search using ‘anhedonia’, ‘schizophrenia’, and ‘depression’ as keywords.ResultsThere is different and diverging evidence on the matter. Historical reports associated schizophrenia with trait anhedonia, and depression with state anhedonia. More recently, some authors correlated appetitive anhedonia (lack of interest/desire) with schizophrenia, and consummatory anhedonia (lack of pleasure/enjoyment) with depression, but this was not corroborated by other studies. However, in line with it, there are findings of a normal physiological response to pleasurable stimuli among schizophrenics. Some authors propose that, in schizophrenia, this symptom might not represent an inability to feel pleasure but rather a deficient expression of its experience, as a part of blunted affect. Reward models highlight a deficit in reward learning in depression, but disorganization of reward processing and a focus on irrelevant clues in schizophrenia, which prevent patients from pursuing a pleasurable experience.ConclusionsThere are still limited studies comparing the experience of anhedonia in depression and schizophrenia. There seem to be significant differences between the two, but further studies are needed. In particular, this could be important in screening schizophrenic patients for depression.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Increase in the Use of Alcohol and Other Substances in Adolescents During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dom G. 
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restriction measures have a great impact on patterns of substance use throughout the general population. Interestingly, in contrast to initial expectations on an overall negative impact, data of large surveys show a differentiated picture of impact. A recent systematic review (Roberts et al., 221) showed mixed tendencies towards increased alcohol consumption, contrasting with a clear trend towards the use of other psychoactive (illicit drugs and prescription drugs) substances. patterns of use before COVID-19 (e.g. habit of drinking at home) and availability (illicit drug traffic changes) are among the significant factors. In addition, mental health factors (depression, anxiety) and social isolation are common correlates with substance use. These factors may be of specific importance impacting substance use in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exemplary is an increase in the use of sleeping medication among Belgian adolescents and young adults. In the current presentation data of national (Belgium) surveys on substance use in adolescents will be presented and discussed within the context of findings in international surveys.DisclosureNo significant relationships.