bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of H. pylori Status by Conventional Endoscopy: Time-Trend Change After Eradication and Impact of Endoscopic Image Quality
Authors: Quach Duc Trong , Aoki Rika , Iga Akiko , Le Quang Dinh , Kawamura Toru , Yamashita Ken , Tanaka Shinji , Yoshihara Masaharu , Hiyama Toru 
Published: January 2022

AimTo assess the time trend of diagnostic accuracy of pre- and post-eradication H. pylori status and interobserver agreement of gastric atrophy grading.MethodsA series 100 of conventional endoscopic image sets taken from subjects undergoing gastric cancer screening at a polyclinic were evaluated by 5 experienced assessors. Each assessor independently examined endoscopic findings according to the Kyoto classification and then determined the H. pylori status (never, current, or past infected). Gastric atrophy was assessed according to the Kimura-Takemoto classification and classified into 3 grades (none/mild, moderate, or severe). The image series that ≥3 assessors considered to have good quality were arbitrarily defined as high-quality image (HQI) series, and the rest were defined as low-quality image (LQI) series.ResultsThe overall diagnostic accuracy of H. pylori status was 83.0%. It was lowest in subjects with current infection (54%), gradually increased at 1 year (79%, P &lt; 0.001) and 3 years (94.0%, P = 0.002), but then did not significantly change at 5 years (91.0%, P = 0.420) after eradication. The rate of LQI series was 28%. The overall diagnostic accuracy of H. pylori status dropped from 88.9% to 67.9% (P &lt; 0.001), and the mean kappa value on gastric atrophy grading dropped from 0.730 to 0.580 (P = 0.002) in the HQI and LQI series, respectively.ConclusionsDiagnostic accuracy of H. pylori status increased over time after eradication. LQI series badly affected the diagnostic accuracy of H. pylori status and the level of agreement when grading gastric atrophy.
Apolipoprotein E Genotype Moderation of the Association Between Physical Activity and Brain Health. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pearce Andrew M. , Marr Calum , Dewar Michaela , Gow Alan J. 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionPossession of one or two e4 alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. Some evidence suggests that physical activity may benefit carriers of the e4 allele differently.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which assessed APOE differences in the association between physical activity and: lipid profile, Alzheimer's disease pathology, brain structure and brain function in healthy adults. Searches were carried out in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and PsycInfo.ResultsThirty studies were included from 4,896 papers screened. Carriers of the e4 allele gained the same benefit from physical activity as non-carriers on most outcomes. For brain activation, e4 carriers appeared to gain a greater benefit from physical activity on task-related and resting-state activation and resting-state functional connectivity compared to non-carriers. Post-hoc analysis identified possible compensatory mechanisms allowing e4 carriers to maintain cognitive function.DiscussionThough there is evidence suggesting physical activity may benefit e4 carriers differently compared to non-carriers, this may vary by the specific brain health outcome, perhaps limited to brain activation. Further research is required to confirm these findings and elucidate the mechanisms.
One PMP22/MPZ and Three MFN2/GDAP1 Concomitant Variants Occurred in a Cohort of 189 Chinese Charcot-Marie-Tooth Families
Authors: Xie Yongzhi , Lin Zhiqiang , Li Xiaobo , Liu Lei , Huang Shunxiang , Zhao Huadong , Wang Binghao , Cao Wanqian , Hu Zhengmao , Guo Jifeng , Shen Lu , Tang Beisha , Zhang Ruxu 
Published: January 2022

Background and AimsCharcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies. The wide phenotypic variability may not be completely explained by a single mutation.Aims and MethodsTo explore the existence of concomitant variants in CMT, we enrolled 189 patients and performed molecular diagnosis by application of next-generation sequencing combined with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients harboring coinherited variants in different genes.ResultsFour families were confirmed to possess variants in two genes, accounting for 2.1% (4/189) of the total in our cohort. One CMT1 patient with PMP22 duplication and MPZ variant (c.286A&gt;C, p.K96Q) exhibited moderate neuropathy with infantile onset, while her father possessing MPZ variant was mildly affected with adolescence onset. A CMT2 patient with heterozygous variants in MFN2 (c.613_622delGTCACCACAG, p.V205Sfs*26) and GDAP1 (c.713G&gt;T, p.W238L) exhibited childhood onset mild phenotype, while his mother with MFN2 variant developed bilateral pes cavus only. A CMT2 patient with heterozygous variants in MFN2 (c.839G&gt;A, p.R280H) and GDAP1 (c.3G&gt;T, p.M1?) presented infantile onset and rapid progression, while her father with MFN2 variant presented with absence of deep tendon reflexes. One sporadic CMT2 patient with early onset was confirmed harboring de novo MFN2 variant (c.1835C&gt;T, p.S612F) and heterozygous GDAP1 variant (c.767A&gt;G, p.H256R).ConclusionOur results suggest that the possibility of concomitant variants was not uncommon and should be considered when significant intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity is observed.
Neurologist-Led Management of Implantable Loop-Recorders After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
Authors: Pikija Slaven , Rösler Cornelia , Leitner Ursula , Zellner Thomas , Bubel Nele , Ganser Bernhard , Hecker Constantin , Mutzenbach Johannes Sebastian 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionUpon completion of the workup for stroke, etiology cannot be identified in approximately one-third of the patients, with an embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) accounting for around 50% of these cryptogenic etiologies. Whether management of complex long-term monitoring in order to detect suspected atrial fibrillation (AFib) could be initiated and managed through a neurologist is not sufficiently investigated.Patients and MethodsWe recruited all consecutive patients with ESUS who received implantation after neurological adjudication of Reveal LINQ® loop recorder between January 2016 and July 2020. We collected demographic, clinical, heart- and neuroimaging, laboratory, and electrocardiographic data assessed on prolonged baseline ECG monitoring, number of supraventricular (SVEs) and ventricular (VEs) extrasystolic complexes, and from preimplantation ECG–PQ interval. AFib detection was manually supervised and determined positive when the duration was over 120 s.ResultsWe followed a total of 131 patients for a median of 504 days. There were 45 (34%) manually verified AFib diagnoses. In univariate analysis, earlier implantation after ESUS was associated with AFib detection (13 vs. 31 days, p = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, increased rate of AFib was associated with a more prolonged PQ interval (per 50-ms increase) (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.39–2.85) and number of SVEs (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.57) measured on pre-implantation ECG.ConclusionWe observed similar predictors for Afib after ESUS, albeit with higher frequency than previously reported. This study suggests that the neurologist-led decision, management, and evaluation of ILR after ESUS is feasible.
Imbalanced Data Correction Based PET/CT Radiomics Model for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Clinical Stage T1 Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lv Jieqin , Chen Xiaohui , Liu Xinran , Du Dongyang , Lv Wenbing , Lu Lijun , Wu Hubing 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo develop and validate the imbalanced data correction based PET/CT radiomics model for predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in clinical stage T1 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsA total of 183 patients (148/35 non-metastasis/LNM) with pathologically confirmed LUAD were retrospectively included. The cohorts were divided into training vs. validation cohort in a ratio of 7:3. A total of 487 radiomics features were extracted from PET and CT components separately for radiomics model construction. Four clinical features and seven PET/CT radiological features were extracted for traditional model construction. To balance the distribution of majority (non-metastasis) class and minority (LNM) class, the imbalance-adjustment strategies using ten data re-sampling methods were adopted. Three multivariate models (denoted as Traditional, Radiomics, and Combined) were constructed using multivariable logistic regression analysis, where the combined model incorporated all of the significant clinical, radiological, and radiomics features. One hundred times repeated Monte Carlo cross-validation was used to assess the application order of feature selection and imbalance-adjustment strategies in the machine learning pipeline. Prediction performance of each model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Geometric mean score (G-mean).ResultsA total of 2 clinical parameters, 2 radiological features, 3 PET, and 5 CT radiomics features were significantly associated with LNM. The combined model with Edited Nearest Neighbors (ENN) re-sampling methods showed strong prediction performance than traditional model or radiomics model with the AUC of 0.94 (95%CI = 0.86–0.97) vs. 0.89 (95%CI = 0.79–0.93), 0.92 (95%CI = 0.85–0.97), and G-mean of 0.88 vs. 0.82, 0.80 in the training cohort, and the AUC of 0.75 (95%CI = 0.57–0.91) vs. 0.68 (95%CI = 0.36–0.83), 0.71 (95%CI = 0.48–0.83) and G-mean of 0.76 vs. 0.64, 0.51 in the validation cohort. The combination of performing feature selection before data re-sampling obtains a better result than the reverse combination (AUC 0.76 ± 0.06 vs. 0.70 ± 0.07, p&lt;0.001).ConclusionsThe combined model (consisting of age, histological type, C/T ratio, MATV, and radiomics signature) integrated with ENN re-sampling methods had strong lymph node metastasis prediction performance for imbalance cohorts in clinical stage T1 LUAD. Radiomics signatures extracted from PET/CT images could provide complementary prediction information compared with traditional model.
Adverse Effects of Andrographolide Derivative Medications Compared to the Safe use of Herbal Preparations of Andrographis paniculata: Results of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies
Authors: Shang Ya-xi , Shen Chen , Stub Trine , Zhu Si-jia , Qiao Shu-yu , Li Yu-qi , Wang Rui-ting , Li Jing , Liu Jian-ping 
Published: January 2022

Background and objective:Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a traditionally used herbaceous plant, whose main active constituent is andrographolide. Andrographolide derivative medications and herbal preparations of AP are often used to treat respiratory tract infections. This study aims to systematically evaluate the safety of andrographolide derivative medications and herbal preparations of AP based on clinical studies.Methods: English and Chinese databases were searched for all types of clinical studies that reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and adverse events (AEs) of andrographolide derivative medications and herbal preparations of AP. The ADRs and AEs were classified according to manifestations, and graded according to severity. Single-rate meta-analysis was performed for ADR incidence using R software.Results: A total of 262 studies were included, including 125 randomized controlled trials, 23 non-randomized controlled trials, 6 case series, and 108 case reports. In 9490 participants using andrographolide derivative injections, 383 (4.04%) reported ADRs. Meta-analysis showed that the ADR incidence of three most frequently used injections of andrographolide derivatives (andrographolide sulfonate, potassium sodium dehydroandrographolide succinate, and potassium dehydroandrographolide succinate) were 5.48% [95% CI (4.47%, 6.72%)], 3.69% [95% CI (2.59%, 4.94%)] and 5.33% [95% CI (3.68%, 7.72%)], respectively, which may be slightly higher than the actual ADR incidence, because only studies that reported the occurrence of ADRs or AEs were included, but studies without ADR and AE were not included. The ADRs of andrographolide derivative injections were mainly gastrointestinal, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, and anaphylaxis. Fifty-five patients experienced life-threatening anaphylactic shock, three patients died, and the causation attributed to the andrographolide derivative injection. Other ADRs were mild, moderate or medically significant. Nine herbal preparations of AP were tested in 10 studies, and the reported ADRs were mainly mild to moderate gastrointestinal, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. Except for five patients using andrographolide derivative injections eventually died, most of the ADRs were alleviated after drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment.Conclusions: The ADRs of andrographolide derivative medications are few, but can be life-threatening, mainly gastrointestinal, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, and anaphylaxis. Injections of andrographolide derivatives should be used with caution. Herbal preparations of AP are essentially safe.Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number]
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Mediates the Protective Effects of Daphnetin Against D-Galactose Induced-Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Zhang Mengwen , Yu Xiaowei , Li Danjie , Ma Ning , Wei Zhentong , Ci Xinxin , Zhang Songling 
Published: January 2022

Oxidative damage can lead to severe ovarian dysfunctions and even premature ovarian failure. Nrf2, a significant transcription factor that regulates the oxidative stress response of cells, declines with age. Daphnetin, as a kind of natural Chinese herbal medicine, can activate Nrf2 and further promote the antioxidant defense of cells. However, whether Daphnetin treatment can protect ovary from premature ovarian failure and the specific mechanism involved are not understood. This study aimed to investigate the protective function of Daphnetin against the ovarian aging induced by D-galactose in wild-type and Nrf2−/− mice. Female C57BL/6 mice with Wild-type and Nrf2−/− were divided into five groups separately and the premature ovarian failure model were established by D-galactose and then Daphnetin and VE were given for treatment. After 42 days, ovaries tissue and serum were collected for biochemical determination, H&amp;E staining, Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. In the WT-POF group, ovarian function was broke, and the expression of the ovarian senescence-associated protein P16 and the level of oxidative stress were significantly increased, while the expression of the anti-senescence protein klotho was significantly decreased. In addition, the expression of Nrf2 and the antioxidases GCLC, HO-1 and NQO1 were decreased, but TXNIP and NLRP3 were significantly increased. Furthermore, the characteristics of premature ovarian failure were more significant in Nrf2 knockout mice than in wild-type mice, especially the expression of NLRP3 and TXNIP. Moreover, daphnetin, an Nrf2 activator, rescued d-gal-induced POF in a dose-dependent manner, while the protective effect was weakened or even lost in Nrf2 knockout mice. Our results suggested that daphnetin is likely to be a candidate drug for premature ovarian failure treatment and it is mostly possible referred to the molecular mechanism of increasing Nrf2 expression and inhibiting NLRP3 activation in the ovarian aging process.
PBPK Modelling of Dexamethasone in Patients With COVID-19 and Liver Disease
Authors: Montanha Maiara Camotti , Cottura Nicolas , Booth Michael , Hodge Daryl , Bunglawala Fazila , Kinvig Hannah , Grañana-Castillo Sandra , Lloyd Andrew , Khoo Saye , Siccardi Marco 
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to apply Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to predict the effect of liver disease (LD) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of dexamethasone (DEX) in the treatment of COVID-19. A whole-body PBPK model was created to simulate 100 adult individuals aged 18–60 years. Physiological changes (e.g., plasma protein concentration, liver size, CP450 expression, hepatic blood flow) and portal vein shunt were incorporated into the LD model. The changes were implemented by using the Child-Pugh (CP) classification system. DEX was qualified using clinical data in healthy adults for both oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administrations and similarly propranolol (PRO) and midazolam (MDZ) were qualified with PO and IV clinical data in healthy and LD adults. The qualified model was subsequently used to simulate a 6 mg PO and 20 mg IV dose of DEX in patients with varying degrees of LD, with and without shunting. The PBPK model was successfully qualified across DEX, MDZ and PRO. In contrast to healthy adults, the simulated systemic clearance of DEX decreased (35%–60%) and the plasma concentrations increased (170%–400%) in patients with LD. Moreover, at higher doses of DEX, the AUC ratio between healthy/LD individuals remained comparable to lower doses. The exposure of DEX in different stages of LD was predicted through PBPK modelling, providing a rational framework to predict PK in complex clinical scenarios related to COVID-19. Model simulations suggest dose adjustments of DEX in LD patients are not necessary considering the low dose administered in the COVID-19 protocol.
Weight-Based Victimization and Physical Activity Among Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: A Scoping Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence
Authors: Skogen Ingeborg B. , Båtevik Finn Ove , Krumsvik Rune Johan , Høydal Kjetil L. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundIncreased physical activity engagement plays a vital role in preventing and treating overweight or obesity in children and adolescents. Research has found that adolescents who are overweight or obese tend to participate in less physical activity than adolescents of average weight. Weight-based victimization (victimization related to weight or body size) is highly prevalent in adolescence and seems to be a factor that might negatively impact engagement in physical activity. This scoping review's objective was to identify the nature and extent of research evidence on links between weight-based victimization and physical activity among community-based or primary health care samples of adolescents who are overweight or obese.MethodsFollowing established scoping review methods, we searched electronic databases PubMed, Web of science, SportDiscuss, and Cinahl from 23 Nov 2020 to 02 Dec 2020. Published studies with community-based or primary health care samples of adolescents who were overweight or obese (aged 13–18 years, Iso-BMI ≥ 25, i.e., age and gender specific percentiles based on specified cut-off value for overweight and obesity) and that were peer-reviewed and published were included in the analysis. Data from the included studies were put into a table and analyzed descriptively and numerically in terms of the extent and nature of the studies.ResultsAfter full text review, 12 articles were included, equally distributed in the qualitative and quantitative paradigm. There was a homogeneity of the research designs applied. Articles revealed high frequency of weight-based victimization. Among quantitative studies the reported links between weight-based victimization and physical activity were somewhat mixed, with three studies reporting weight-based victimization to negatively impact physical activity, while three studies report no significant impact. Qualitative studies reported experiences of teasing and bullying by peers, humiliation, and feelings of insecurity about appearance as barriers to engagement in physical activity.ConclusionThe empirical evidence on the links between weight-based victimization and physical activity among community-based or primary-health care samples of adolescents who are overweight or obese is sparse. The results revealed a high presence of weight-based victimization in physical activity which seems to act as barriers for activity engagement. There is a need for more research to advance the understanding of the links between weight-based victimization and physical activity among community-based or primary-health care samples of adolescents who are overweight or obese.
Estrategia didáctica para potenciar los hábitos higiénicos culturales en niños de 3-5 años
Authors: Samada Grasst Yanet , Moreira Ubillus Gema Yaritza 
Published: January 2022

Los hábitos higiénicos culturales al igual que otras formaciones psicológicas están relacionados con los períodos sensitivos del desarrollo. Se insertan en los procesos de satisfacción de necesidades básicas desde las primeras edades por ser la etapa más propicia para el surgimiento y la formación de las cualidades psíquicas. Es necesario el desarrollo de habilidades que garanticen la adquisición de las acciones, que posteriormente se convertirán en los hábitos, mediante el ejemplo que muestre el adulto que rodea al niño. Desde un abordaje de investigación mixta, con enfoque cualitativo, apoyado en el paradigma cuantitativo, se planteó en la investigación una estrategia didáctica para potenciar los hábitos higiénicos culturales en niños de 4-5 años; basado en una metodología descriptiva donde se evidencia el abordaje de estos hábitos por los docentes y los aspectos más relevantes en función de los niños. Dentro de las principales conclusiones se demostró el protagonismo que adquieren los títeres como recurso didáctico potencial para el aprendizaje de los hábitos higiénicos culturales en los niños de esta etapa educativa, presentándose como unos de los principales hallazgos el que su práctica se reduce a un trabajo aislado por parte del docente.
Analysis of Government Policies in Structuring State Owned Corporation Through The Formation of Holding Companies
Authors: Ishak Ahmad , Ilmar Aminuddin , Sitorus Winner 
Published: January 2022

The legality of establishing a BUMN holding company is only based on Government Regulation Number 72 of 2016 concerning procedures for Equity Participation and Administration of State Capital in BUMN and Limited Liability Company, as an amendment to Government Regulation Number 44 of 2005 has not been fully comply with the principle of coherence with the above regulations namely Law Number 17 of 2003 concerning State Finance, Law Number 19 of 2003 concerning BUMN and Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. The purpose of this study is to find a concept of regulation and supervision the government on SOEs related to holding companies This research is normative with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results in this study are the need for legal reconstruction in BUMN where a law is needed that is central to regulate holding companies in Indonesia, where this law was born to provide related guidelines a mechanism for the formation, selection of the type of holding, and governance of State-Owned Enterprises in the form of Holding Company. The form of supervision on the implementation of BUMN holding in the future can be an integrated monitoring pattern is applied. In this supervision, 3 parties must be involved in a coordinated manner, namely the Parent Company Commissioner, the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), and the Ministry of SOEs.