bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of methodological radiomics score (METRICS): an intra- and inter-rater reliability study endorsed by EuSoMII
Authors: Akinci D’Antonoli Tugba , Cavallo Armando Ugo , Kocak Burak , Borgheresi Alessandra , Ponsiglione Andrea , Stanzione Arnaldo , Koltsakis Emmanouil , Doniselli Fabio Martino , Vernuccio Federica , Ugga Lorenzo , Triantafyllou Matthaios , Huisman Merel , Klontzas Michail E. , Trotta Romina , Cannella Roberto , Fanni Salvatore Claudio , Cuocolo Renato 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the total methodological radiomics score (METRICS) and its items through a multi-reader analysis.

Materials and methods
A total of 12 raters with different backgrounds and experience levels were recruited for the study. Based on their level of expertise, raters were randomly assigned to the following groups: two inter-rater reliability groups, and two intra-rater reliability groups, where each group included one group with and one group without a preliminary training session on the use of METRICS. Inter-rater reliability groups assessed all 34 papers, while intra-rater reliability groups completed the assessment of 17 papers twice within 21 days each time, and a “wash out” period of 60 days in between.

Results
Inter-rater reliability was poor to moderate between raters of group 1 (without training; ICC = 0.393; 95% CI = 0.115–0.630; p = 0.002), and between raters of group 2 (with training; ICC = 0.433; 95% CI = 0.127–0.671; p = 0.002). The intra-rater analysis was excellent for raters 9 and 12, good to excellent for raters 8 and 10, moderate to excellent for rater 7, and poor to good for rater 11.

Conclusion
The intra-rater reliability of the METRICS score was relatively good, while the inter-rater reliability was relatively low. This highlights the need for further efforts to achieve a common understanding of METRICS items, as well as resources consisting of explanations, elaborations, and examples to improve reproducibility and enhance their usability and robustness.

Key Points

Questions

Guidelines and scoring tools are necessary to improve the quality of radiomics research; however, the application of these tools is challenging for less experienced raters.

Findings

Intra-rater reliability was high across all raters regardless of experience level or previous training, and inter-rater reliability was generally poor to moderate across raters.

Clinical relevance

Guidelines and scoring tools are necessary for proper reporting in radiomics research and for closing the gap between research and clinical implementation. There is a need for further resources offering explanations, elaborations, and examples to enhance the usability and robustness of these guidelines.
The effect of high-pressure metasomatism on the boron isotope signature of subducted oceanic crust in the Raspas Complex (Ecuador)
Authors: Xu Jie Dodo , Marschall Horst R. , Gerdes Axel , Schmidt Alexander , John Timm 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Boron abundances and B isotopic compositions of well-characterized blueschists and eclogites from the Raspas Complex (Ecuador) were analyzed to improve the use of boron as a tracer for recycling at convergent margins. The MORB-type eclogite interacted with internally-derived fluids released from metabasalt during the transition from blueschist to eclogite, with input from sediments. During metasomatism, B was gradually leached from the MORB-type eclogites (decrease from 6
$$\upmu $$
g/g to 1.5
$$\upmu $$
g/g), and their B isotopic composition was driven to isotopically heavier values in the range of
$$-$$
7.4
$$\permille $$
to
$$-$$
3.4
$$\permille $$
. The B isotopic composition of the metasomatic fluid is estimated between
$$-3$$
and +1
$$\permille $$
. The isotopic composition of the least metasomatized MORB-type eclogite samples (
$${-7.4\pm 0.7}{\permille }$$
) is considered close to the B isotopic composition of the dehydrated AOC in the case of Raspas at the stage of deepest subduction and most extensive dehydration. This constitutes a decrease in
$$\delta ^{11}\text {B}$$
of approximately 10
$$\permille $$
from its likely pre-subduction AOC protolith. The blueschist experienced a type of high-pressure metasomatism that is distinct from the one that affected the MORB-type eclogites. The metasomatic fluids were internally-derived and released by metabasalt as well, but with more input from sediments. The metasomatic fluid had a B isotope signature of approximately
$$-$$
5.2
$$\permille $$
. The zoisite eclogite samples show a very distinct mineralogical and geochemical composition that records the highest degree of high-pressure metasomatic overprint. Their elemental and isotopic composition was thereby set to
$$\text {[B]}={2.1\pm 0.3}\upmu \hbox {g/g}$$
and
$$\delta ^{11}\text {B}={-5.8\pm 1.8}{\permille }$$
. As demonstrated in previous studies, the high-pressure metasomatic fluid that caused the metasomatic overprint was mainly derived from– or interacted with– serpentinite, but had admixed components from metabasalts and metasediments. The B isotopic composition of the respective fluid is estimated at
$${-2.6} {\permille }$$
, which overlaps with the composition of most volcanic arc basalts. This study, therefore shows, that metasomatic fluids that migrated through the Raspas slab at a depth of 50–70km had a B isotopic composition between
$$-5.2$$
to +1
$$\permille $$
and were, thus, significantly heavier than that of the mantle.
Quantifying neurodegeneration within subdivisions of core motor pathways in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using diffusion MRI
Authors: Almgren Hannes , Mahoney Colin J. , Huynh William , D’Souza Arkiev , Berte Sienna , Lv Jinglei , Wang Chenyu , Kiernan Matthew C. , Calamante Fernando , Tu Sicong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Diffusion MRI is sensitive to white matter changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The current study aimed to establish disease profiles across core motor pathways, and their relevance to clinical progression in ALS.

Methods
Sixty-five participants (ALS = 47; Control = 18) were recruited for the study. White matter integrity of motor, somatosensory, and premotor subdivisions within the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum were quantified by fibre density, fibre-bundle cross-section, structural connectivity, and fractional anisotropy. Analyses focused on identifying diffusion metrics and tract profiles sensitive to ALS pathology, and their association with clinical progression.

Results
Reduced fibre density of the motor subdivision of the corpus callosum (CC) and corticospinal tract (CST) demonstrated best performance in classifying ALS from controls (area-under-curve: CCmotor = 0.81, CSTmotor = 0.76). Significant reductions in fibre density (CCmotor: p < 0.001; CSTmotor: p = 0.016), and structural connectivity (CCmotor: p = 0.008; CSTsomatosensory: p = 0.012) indicated presence of ALS pathology. Reduced fibre density & cross-section significantly correlated with severity of functional impairment (ALSFRS-R; CCmotor: r = 0.52, p = 0.019; CSTmotor: r = 0.59, p = 0.016). The largest effect sizes were generally found for motor and somatosensory subdivisions across both major white matter bundles.

Conclusion
Current findings suggest that ALS does not uniformly impact the corticospinal tract and corpus callosum. There is a preferential disease profile of neurodegeneration mainly impacting primary motor fibres. Microstructural white matter abnormality indicated presence of ALS pathology while macrostructural white matter abnormality was associated with severity of functional impairment. Quantification of white matter abnormality in corticospinal tract and callosal subdivisions holds translational potential as an imaging biomarker for neurodegeneration in ALS.
Analysis of the (1+1) EA on LeadingOnes with Constraints
Authors: Friedrich Tobias , Kötzing Timo , Neumann Aneta , Neumann Frank , Radhakrishnan Aishwarya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding how evolutionary algorithms perform on constrained problems has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, we study how evolutionary algorithms optimize constrained versions of the classical LeadingOnes problem. We first provide a run time analysis for the classical (1+1) EA on the LeadingOnes problem with a deterministic cardinality constraint, giving

$$\Theta (n (n-B)\log (B) + nB)$$

Θ
(
n
(
n
-
B
)
log
(
B
)
+
n
B
)

as the tight bound. Our results show that the behaviour of the algorithm is highly dependent on the constraint bound of the uniform constraint. Afterwards, we consider the problem in the context of stochastic constraints and provide insights using theoretical and experimental studies on how the (

$$\mu $$

μ

+1) EA is able to deal with these constraints in a sampling-based setting.
Is low carbon energy consumption sufficient for a sustainable environment in BRICS economies? Evidence from novel Fourier asymmetric CS-ARDL
Authors: Caglar Abdullah Emre , Daştan Muhammet , Demirdag Ismail , Avci Salih Bortecine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sustainable economic growth and limiting environmental degradation are increasingly crucial for countries, as there has been a significant shift in ecological balance since the Industrial Revolution. Economic activities in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) also expand the ecological footprint while reducing biocapacity. To support these economies in meeting their environmental commitments, this research spotlights the influences of income growth, low-carbon energy consumption, and urbanization on the Load Capacity Factor. However, it is worth noting that previous papers have assumed a linear association between cleaner energy and environmental quality, often ignoring the implications of fluctuations in low-carbon energy consumption, such as the combination of renewables and nuclear energy, on ecological sustainability. Therefore, by introducing a sophisticated “Fourier Asymmetric Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag” model, this paper aims to address this gap by including disaggregated positive and negative shocks in low-carbon energy use and integrating the Fourier terms to account for possible structural shifts. Furthermore, the study tests the LCC hypothesis. The findings, based on the period 1992–2022, reveal that in both the short and long term, negative shocks in low-carbon energy consumption increase ecological well-being, while positive shocks jeopardize environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the outcome questions the validity of the LCC hypothesis in the BRICS context and identifies urbanization as a factor that deteriorates ecological well-being. Consequently, the paper’s implications underscore the urgent need for policies to transition to a green economy, low-carbon energy, and smart urbanization practices in BRICS for ecological sustainability.
Outpacing climate change: adaptation to heatwaves in Europe
Authors: Walkowiak Marcin Piotr , Bandurski Karol , Walkowiak Jarosław , Walkowiak Dariusz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Current predictions of climate change impacts rely on conservative assumptions about a lack of adaptation, projecting significantly increased heatwave mortality. However, long-term studies have shown a decline in actual heatwave deaths, raising questions about the underlying mechanisms. We combined Eurostat weekly mortality data (baseline extracted via Seasonal-Trend decomposition by Loess and smoothed through Principal Component Analysis dimension reduction and reconstruction) with economic indicators, Copernicus temperature data since 1950, and ENTSO-E electricity demand data. Panel regression analyzed mortality patterns during weeks with daily temperatures exceeding 22 °C for 2000–2022. During the analyzed period, Europe outpaced climate change, with the capacity to tolerate an additional 1 °C rise every 17.9 years [95% CI 15.3–22.7]. Extending the temperature indicators beyond the prior 3 years did not enhance predictive accuracy, suggesting swift adaptations and historical climate lacked any predictive value. Additionally, increasing economic output, likely driven by infrastructural improvements, especially greater affordability of air conditioning, enabled tolerating each additional 1 °C due to a per capita GDP increase of 19.7 thousand euros [95% CI 14.6–30.3]. Consistently, the increase in cooling energy demand was the strongest in eastern Europe. The findings shed light on the mechanisms driving the observed reduction in heatwave mortality despite the warming climate trend, offering a more plausible basis for extrapolation than assuming a lack of adaptation. The model emphasizes the role of long term economic growth and addressing energy poverty.
Improving geothermal doublet efficiency in multiple sandstone horizons in Hannover/Germany
Authors: Suilmann Jonas , Tischner Torsten , Graf Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In Hannover, Germany, a deep borehole was drilled to explore the use of geothermal energy for the heat supply of office buildings. The targets are multiple subdivided sandstone horizons of the Wealden formation (Lower Cretaceous) at a depth of 1200–1300 m and a temperature of around 70 °C. The technical feasibility of the doublet operation is assessed by numerically investigating the effects of well spacing, injection/production rate and injection temperature using a 3D model. In particular, the production temperature drop is investigated to optimize well spacing and doublet lifetime. The effect of uncertain sandstone permeability and surrounding rock thermal conductivity on doublet lifetime is also investigated. The results indicate that a doublet well spacing of 500 m can sustain heat production with a thermal power output of 0.5 to 2 MW over a lifetime of at least 30 years, demonstrating the general feasibility of geothermal heat production from multiple sandstone horizons.
Rejuvenating the gut: young plasma therapy improves cell proliferation, IGF-I and IGF-IR expression, and immune defense in aged male rats jejunum
Authors: Asmaz Ender Deniz , Tan Murat , Genç Aysun Inan , Teker Hikmet Taner , Ceylani Taha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is well known that aging affects many systems in the body. The digestive system is one of the systems most affected by aging. In our study, we examined the effects of young plasma treatment on cell proliferation, growth factors, immune defense and histological parameters in the jejunum of aged male rats. For this purpose, aged male Sprague Dawley rats (24 months, n = 7) were treated with pooled plasma (0.5 ml/day, intravenously for 30 days) collected from young (5 weeks, n = 51) rats. Aged rats that received young plasma treatment were grouped as the experimental group, while aged rats formed the control group. At the end of the experiment, the jejunums of the groups were collected and histological parameters such as villus height, crypt depth, total mucosal thickness and surface absorption areas were measured and compared. In addition, cell proliferation index and proliferation intensity in the crypt glands of the jejunum were evaluated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and expressions of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its receptor (IGF-IR) expression and effects of immunoglobulin A (IgA), which plays a role in the defense of the digestive system against microorganisms, were examined. In the experimental group, an increase in histological parameters, IGF-R and IGF-IR expression, proliferation density, proliferation index and IgA expression density and IgA cell count were observed compared to the control group. These results suggest that young plasma treatment has a positive effect on the digestive system and may be a potential therapeutic for tissue regeneration.
Achieving multifunctionality in green infrastructure projects: a fuzzy evaluation and Gini index of Key drivers in developing countries
Authors: Seidu S. , Edwards D. J. , Owusu-Manu D. , Chan D. W. M. , Abdulai S. F. , Buertey J. I. T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While many developed countries are well advanced in green infrastructure (GI), more efforts are needed to bring less developed regions to speed. Existing evidence shows that GI understanding differs significantly among stakeholders due to the multifunctionality concept. As key technical stakeholders in GI implementation, there is little empirical knowledge of the multifunctional attributes of GI systems among built environment professionals in developing regions. This study provides an in-depth analysis to fill this knowledge gap through a combination of the Gini coefficient and fuzzy synthetic evaluation toward understanding the multifunctionality concept of GI among built environment professionals in developing regions. As a measure of dispersion, the stationary driver points to a constant factor that underpins the implementation of GI across several geographic regions. The need to mitigate urban heat islands and enhance ecosystem services were revealed as the anchors among built environment professionals in supporting GI development; hence, specific attention needs to be accorded to these dimensions in GI policies. Ecosystem services, water resources management, and thermal regulation were identified as the three broad multifunctional drivers of GI in developing nations. For effective water management in GI projects, integrated green-grey infrastructure systems are recommended. To achieve thermal objectives, insulation materials are pivotal. The ecosystem properties are more passive as compared to thermal and water management; hence, specific considerations must be accorded to ensure GI success. The key contribution of the study was the delineation of the key multifunctional factors that support GI adoption and implementation success in developing regions.
Enhancing digital skills assessment: introducing compact tools for measuring digital competence
Authors: Vuorikari Riina , Pokropek Artur , Muñoz Jonatan Castaño 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Today, individuals interact with digital technologies in a plethora of ways requiring a range of digital skills, knowledge and attitudes—a combination that forms digital competence. Traditional digital skills measurements are often lengthy and complex, hindering real-world applications. Therefore, this study addresses the need for efficient digital competence measurement tools by developing and validating two concise instruments aligned with the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp). Mini-21 offers an instrument that covers all 21 competences and a nano-6 version captures the five core areas of the framework. These instruments enable quick and concise digital competence assessments in various settings; for initial screening, diagnostic of low-skilled individuals for targeted educational interventions, and integration into broader surveys.
Psychometric analyses (confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory methods, measurement invariance, internal consistency and concurrent validity) of 460 respondents from Latvia and Spain confirm their high validity and reliability. Furthermore, by comparing psychometric models, the study demonstrates the superiority of tools integrating the three attributes of competence: knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The alignment of our findings with the European Union's DigComp framework guarantees their grounding in an established theory. It offers practical benefits promoting their immediate application in education and training settings, especially where DigComp has been adopted.
Mass Spectroscopy of Charmonium Using a Screened Potential
Authors: M Sreelakshmi , Ranjan Akhilesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we estimate the mass spectra and decay properties of charmonium (

$$c \bar{c}$$

c

c

¯

) using a non-relativistic potential model. We employ a potential model incorporating a Coulomb like term, representing one gluon exchange at short distances, and a screening term representing quark confinement at long distances. Spin-dependent corrections are also added perturbatively. Our results are compared with available experimental data and some other theoretical models. Based on this, we have made some comments on interquark potential.
PERIODIC FUNCTIONS, TOROIDAL GROUPS, GENERALIZED JACOBIANS, AND FRACTIONAL IDEALS OF NON-TOTALLY REAL NUMBER FIELDS
Authors: Dioguardi Burgio Alessandro , Falcone Giovanni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we collect a series of results exposed by the second author in Batumi on the occasion of XIV Annual International Conference of the Georgian Mathematical Union. These results connect the beautiful theory of toroidal groups and non-totally real number fields with that of generalized Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves.
Experimental assessment of hybrid binary and ternary fuel blends on CI engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics
Authors: Fareed Aisha F. , El-Shafay A. S. , Gad M. S. , Ağbulut Ümit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increased density and viscosity of crude biodiesel derived from palm and waste cooking oils (WCO) present problems such as vaporization and atomization. A hybrid biodiesel mixture ensures to have better calorific values, lowest density, and viscosity. Biodiesel fuels were synthesized using the esterification and transesterification of palm and WCO, and it was blended in proportions of 10 and 20% with pure diesel. Combustion, performance, and emissions of diesel engine fuelling with hybrid biodiesel blends at load variation and rated speed of 3000 rpm were evaluated. Thermal efficiency was decreased with the increasing ratio of methyl ester in mixtures, whereas specific fuel consumption rose due to the diminished calorific value of methyl ester. In comparison with diesel fuel, biodiesel from palm (10%), waste cooking oil (10%), blended WCO (10%) + palm (10%), waste cooking oil (20%), and palm oil (20%) exhibited the most significant increases in specific fuel consumption, recorded at 1.5, 3.5, 6, 7, and 9%, respectively. Nonetheless, there were concomitant reductions in thermal efficiency of 2, 4, 5.5, 6.5, and 10%. Maximum reductions in smoke concentration for P10, W10, W10 + P10, W20, and P20 were 5, 7, 9, 10, and 12%, respectively. Maximum cylinder pressures were reduced by 1, 1.8, 2.8, 3.5, and 4%, on average, although the peak HRR regarding diesel fuel at maximum output power was dropped by 1, 2, 3.2, 4, and 4.5%. Hybridization of feedstocks with diverse properties improves performance, combustion, and emissions of diesel engines run by combinations of 10% palm and 10% WCO hybrid biodiesel. As an alternative fuel, hybrid palm and waste cooking methyl esters can be used to increase performance and combustion while lowering exhaust emissions.