bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unbalanced fatty acid diets impair discrimination ability of honey bee workers to damaged and healthy brood odors
Authors: Bennett Meghan M. , Welchert Ashley C. , Carroll Mark , Shafir Sharoni , Smith Brian H. , Corby-Harris Vanessa 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Nutrition supports social insect colonies by regulating both individual performance and colony growth. In honey bee colonies, task-related behaviors such as nursing and foraging are partially mediated by nutrition. Young workers (nurses) consume almost all of the pollen in the hive, while foragers consume mostly nectar. Pollen provides vital proteins and lipids, consumed by nurse bees for approximately 1 week post-eclosion. The role that lipids play in the physiology and behavior of adult bees is gaining significant attention. Recent research suggests that diets with balanced ratios of fatty acids increase olfactory learning in honey bees. Olfaction is crucial for young worker bees to perform brood care and cell cleaning behaviors, which is important for hive health and disease control. Thus, we targeted the early adult, pollen-feeding stage to examine how fatty acids affect cognition to hive-relevant odors. We fed young workers (days 0–9) diets balanced or unbalanced in their ratio of essential fatty acids (ω-6:3) sourced from pollen or cooking oils. We then measured their ability to learn healthy and damaged brood odors, as well as their ability to discriminate between the two. Workers fed balanced diets could learn and discriminate between brood odors better than workers fed unbalanced diets. Consumption of both diet types decreased with age, but their cognitive effects remained. These results suggest that diet affects young worker cognitive development, which may affect task-related behaviors and colony hygiene.
Origin of Selective Nitrate Removal by Ni2+–Al3+ Layered Double Hydroxides in Aqueous Media and Its Application Potential in Seawater Purification
Authors: Sasai Ryo , Fujimura Takuya , Sato Hiroaki , Nii Eisaku , Sugata Mako , Nakayashiki Yuto , Hoashi Hirokazu , Moriyoshi Chikako , Oishi Eiichi , Fujii Yasuhiro , Kawaguchi Shogo , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To understand the origin of the nitrate anion selectivity in layered double hydroxide (LDH; [Ni1−xAlx(OH)2]Clx) materials (i.e., Cl−-NiAl(x)LDH; x = 1/3 and 1/5) comprising Ni2+, Al3+, and exchangeable chloride anions, the equilibrium and kinetic properties of the chloride-to-nitrate anion exchange reaction were investigated in aqueous media. The anion exchange isotherms of the studied systems showed that the nitrate anion selectivity was significantly higher at x = 1/5 than at x = 1/3. The fine crystal structures of the LDH materials and the hydration states of the nitrate anions in their interlayer spaces were identified by synchrotron-radiation X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The nitrate anion selectivities of Cl−-NiAl(x)LDH (x = 1/3 and 1/5) were determined by the relationship between the magnitudes of the thermal vibration parameters of the chloride and nitrate anions; the anion exchange reaction primarily gave NiAl(x)LDH containing anions with smaller thermal vibration parameters. Time-resolved SXRD measurements of the anion exchange reaction revealed that the exchange pathway differed depending on the nitrate anion selectivity. The nitrate anion removal ability and selectivity of Cl−-NiAl(x)LDH (x = 1/3 and 1/5) in artificial seawater were maintained, suggesting that Cl−-NiAl(1/5)LDH could be used for nitrate removal from contaminated seawater.
Isolation, Identification, and DFT-Based Conformational Analysis of Sesquikarahanadienone and Its Congeners from Freshwater Dothideomycetes Neohelicascus Aquaticus KT4120
Authors: Hayasaka Ayane , Hashimoto Kazuki , Konno Katsuhiro , Tanaka Kazuaki , Hashimoto Masaru 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three unique sesquiterpenes, i.e., sesquikarahanadienone (1), sesquicarenol (2), and sesquikarahanaether (3), along with 2-chlorodiorcinol (4) and several known compounds, were isolated from freshwater Dothideomycetes Neohelicascus aquaticus KT4120. The relative structures of the new compounds 1–3 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The synthesis of compound 1 confirmed its structure. Meanwhile, range-separated-hybrid–generalized-gradient-approximation (RSH–GGA) functionals were developed to estimate the long-range interactions appropriately. However, conformational analyses suggested that the RSH–GGA functional of ωB97X-D overestimated the van der Waals interaction and suggested the bent conformers of conformationally very flexible compounds 1 and 2. In contrast, the global-hybrid–GGA (GH-GGA) functionals, such as B3LYP, appropriately reproduced them. The absolute configurations of 1–3 were determined by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. A plausible biosynthetic route for these compounds was discussed, according to which an ene-type ring opening of a daucane framework gave monocyclic 1 and a disrotatory electrocylization provided the bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane framework of 2. The latter biosynthetic process was verified through the chemical transformation of compounds 1 to 2 using potassium tert-butoxide in the presence of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide.
SPIO-enhanced 0.35T MRI-guided radiotherapy for liver malignancies: usefulness in tumor visualization
Authors: Hama Yukihiro , Tate Etsuko 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of tumor-to-liver signal ratio in a 0.35T MRI-guided radiotherapy system and to evaluate the usefulness and pitfalls of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) administration for visualization of liver tumors. Methods: Forty-two patients treated with MRI-guided stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for liver tumors were included in this study. The tumor-to-liver signal ratios before and after SPIO administration were retrospectively assessed and compared on true fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP). Results: Before SPIO administration, liver tumors were either invisible or barely visible in 15 cases (36%), but all tumors became visible after SPIO administration. The mean values of tumor-to-liver signal ratio before and after SPIO administration were 0.939 ± 0.201 and 1.336 ± 0.300, respectively (mean ± standard deviation, p < 0.001). In six (14%) patients, liver tumors were visible on true FISP imaging before SPIO administration, but became invisible after administration. Conclusions: This study showed that liver tumors that are invisible on true FISP imaging can be made visible by administration of SPIO, and that MRI-guided SABR can be performed accurately. Advances in knowledge: This is the first report to examine the usefulness of liver-specific contrast agent superparamagnetic iron oxides in 0.35T MRI-guided radiation therapy. Liver tumors that are invisible on true fast imaging with steady-state precession can be made visible by administration of superparamagnetic iron oxides.
Hands-on learning of chemistry concepts
Authors: Yew Chi Boon Leonard 
Published: March 2022

Background – Stoichiometry is among the most difficult chemistry concepts to teach and it is often taught with an emphasis on algorithmic understanding, without emphasis on conceptual understanding. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if the use of dynamic submicro representations via hands-on learning activities, comprising molecular models and molecular graphics, can provide positive insights into students’ understanding of stoichiometry. Methods – An action research was carried out involving two cycles of lessons i.e., cycle 1 with “static” submicro representations (PowerPoint) to teach stoichiometry and cycle 2 with “dynamic” submicro representations (hands-on learning with molecular models and graphics) to teach stoichiometry. To gather data, these instruments were used: (1) a stoichiometry test with structured questions, (2) students’ activity journals and (3) open-ended semi-structured interviews. Results – This study indicated that students who had learnt stoichiometry with only “static” submicro representations, faced difficulties in understanding stoichiometry at the submicro level. This study also showed that students can benefit from the use of “dynamic” submicro representations (hands-on learning activities) in understanding stoichiometry at the submicro level. Positive changes in students’ understanding were categorised as a change from a ‘Lack of understanding’ to ‘Correct understanding’. This was determined from transcribed data obtained from the interview sessions and the students’ activity journals. Conclusion – This study provided evidence that the use of “dynamic” submicro representations can foster conceptual understanding of stoichiometry at the submicro level. As the local context of the study undertaken by the researcher was the prevailing factor that made this action research unique, the scope of the research and the pedagogical restrictions encountered by the researcher were considered the study’s limitations. The uniqueness of this study lies in its approach of involving hands-on learning activities in lessons on stoichiometry.
Implied Volatility Changes and Corporate Bond Returns
Authors: Cao Jie , Goyal Amit , Xiao Xiao , Zhan Xintong 
Published: March 2022

Corporate bonds with large increases in implied volatility over the past month underperform those with large decreases in implied volatility by 0.6% per month. In contrast to existing studies that show implied volatility changes carry information about fundamental news, our evidence suggests that implied volatility changes contain information about uncertainty shocks to the firm. Our results are consistent with the notion that informed traders with new information about firm risk prefer to trade in the option market and the corporate bond market underreacts to this information. This paper was accepted by Haoxiang Zhu, finance. Funding: We thank the Canadian Derivatives Institute for financial support. J. Cao and X. Zhan acknowledge generous financial support of the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Grants GRF 14501720, 14500919]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4379 .
Characterization of the optical spectrum as a service
Authors: Kaeval Kaida , Lars Jansen Sander , Spinty Florian , Grobe Klaus , Griesser Helmut , Fehenberger Tobias , Tikas Marko , Jervan Gert 
Published: March 2022

Encouraged by the emerging disaggregation trend in optical transport networks, operators are willing to offer flexible and future-proof optical spectrum as a service (OSaaS) instead of classical capacity services. To define this modern service in commercial offerings, a commonly accepted, reliable, and easy-to-use service characterization method has to be developed. This is explicitly challenging in terrestrial brown-field, black-box scenarios, where open line system (OLS) data are unavailable or outdated to employ calculation or simulation-based methods. The objective of this work is to identify a characterization method that reliably captures wavelength-dependent performance variations, possible filtering penalties, and the operation regime of the optical spectrum services. First, all OSaaS configuration options in the OLS are systemized into four primary configurations, and their operational aspects are discussed. Then, two of the most used OSaaS configurations are tested in the lab and in a live network environment, providing links up to 5738 km in length. Generalized signal-to-noise ratio profiles are captured with a channel probing method, using a single-probe sweep and multiple simultaneous probes. Then, the accuracy and suitability of the amplified spontaneous emission loaded optical signal-to-noise ratio profile is tested in a lab environment. Finally, we discuss the required time and hardware resources to characterize the service and bring out the pros and cons for each investigated profile. In conclusion, we propose a single-probe sweep as a reliable and easy-to-use method to characterize the OSaaS in terrestrial brown-field networks.
Dual effects on Ho3+ ∼4.0 μm emission by Nd3+ ions in (Y,Gd)AlO3 crystal
Authors: Zhang Peixiong , Yin Hao , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang 
Published: March 2022

For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the use of
Nd3+ codoping for enhancing the

∼
4.0

μ

m emission from the
Ho3+:5I5 → 5I6
transition was investigated in a Ho3+,
Nd3+-codoped Gd0.1Y0.9AlO3
[(Y,Gd)AlO3] crystal [Ho/Nd:(Y,Gd)AlO3]. In this
study, the

∼
4.0

μ

m emission characteristics and energy
transfer were investigated in detail, and it was found that the
codoped Nd3+ ions in the Ho/Nd:(Y,Gd)AlO3
crystal significantly enhanced the Ho3+:

∼
4.0

μ

m emission, depopulated the lower
laser level of Ho3+:5I6, and had
little effect on the higher laser level of
Ho3+:5I5. It was also found that the
energy transfer efficiency from
Nd3+:4F3/2 to
Ho3+:5I5 was as high as 43.0%,
indicating that Nd3+ ions can be used as an effective
sensitizer for Ho3+ ions and that
Ho/Nd:(Y,Gd)AlO3 crystal has the potential to be pumped by
a commercialized InGaAs laser diode (LD). These results suggest that
Ho/Nd:(Y,Gd)AlO3 crystals are likely to become attractive
hosts for developing solid-state lasers at around 4.0

μ

m under a conventional 808 nm LD
pump.
National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination
Authors: Johari Nur Alia , Annuzaili Dhekra Amin , El-Talabawy Hani Farouk , Ba-Break Maryam , Al-Mekhlafi Abdulsalam M. , Al-Eryani Samira , Alkohlani Abdulhakim Ali , Gabrielli Albis Francesco , Ben-Ismail Riadh , Alhaidari Sami , Muaydh Adel , Alshami Rasheed , Al Gunaid Magid , Hamed Alaa , Kamel Nehad , Palacio Karen , Fleming Fiona , French Michael Duncan 
Published: March 2022

Background
Schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are known to be endemic in Yemen. However, the distribution of both diseases had not previously been assessed by a well-structured national mapping study covering all governorates. The main aim of this study was, therefore, to map the prevalence of SCH and STH in Yemen in order to better inform implementation of effective national control and elimination interventions. The assessment of the distribution of anaemia was also included as a well-known consequence of infection with both SCH and STH. Secondarily, the study aimed to provide a broad indication of the impact of large-scale treatment on the distribution of infection.

Methodology and principal findings
To achive these aims, 80,432 children (10–14 years old) from 2,664 schools in 332 of Yemen’s 333 districts were included, in 2014, into this national cross-sectional survey. Countrywide, 63.3% (210/332) and 75.6% (251/332) of districts were found to be endemic for SCH and STH respectively. More districts were affected by intestinal than urogenital SCH (54.2% and 31.6% respectively). SCH infection was mostly mild and moderate, with no districts reporting high infection. One quarter (24.4%) of Yemeni districts had high or moderate levels of Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Infection with Trichuris trichiura was the second most common STH (44.9% of districts infected) after A. lumbricoides (68.1%). Hookworm was the least prevalent STH (9.0%).
Anaemia was prevalent in 96.4% of districts; it represented a severe public health problem (prevalence ≥ 40%) in 26.5% of districts, and a mild to moderate problem in two thirds of the districts (33.7% and 36.1% respectively).

Conclusion
This study provided the first comprehensive mapping of SCH, STH, and anaemia across the country. This formed the basis for evaluating and continuing the national control and elimination programme for these neglected tropical diseases in Yemen.
Incidence of cervical, breast and colorectal cancers between 2010 and 2015 in people living with HIV in France
Authors: Rojas Rojas Teresa , Poizot-Martin Isabelle , Rey David , Duvivier Claudine , Bani-Sadr Firouzé , Cabie André , Delobel Pierre , Jacomet Christine , Allavena Clotilde , Ferry Tristan , Pugliese Pascal , Valantin Marc-Antoine , Lamaury Isabelle , Hustache-Matthieu Laurent , Fresard Anne , Houyou Tamazighth , Huleux Thomas , Cheret Antoine , Makinson Alain , Obry-Roguet Véronique , Lions Caroline , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Protopopescu Camelia ,   the Dat’AIDS Study Group
Published: March 2022

Background
We aimed to evaluate the incidence rates between 2010 and 2015 for invasive cervical cancer (ICC), breast cancer (BC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in France, and to compare them with those in the French general population. These cancers are targeted by the national cancer-screening program.

Setting
This is a retrospective study based on the longitudinal data of the French Dat’AIDS cohort.

Methods
Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for ICC and BC, and incidence rates for all three cancers were calculated overall and for specific sub-populations according to nadir CD4 cell count, HIV transmission category, HIV diagnosis period, and HCV coinfection.

Results
The 2010–2015 CRC incidence rate was 25.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 18.6–33.4] per 100,000 person-years, in 44,642 PLWH (both men and women). Compared with the general population, the ICC incidence rate was significantly higher in HIV-infected women both overall (SIR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.18–3.14) and in the following sub-populations: nadir CD4 ≤ 200 cells/mm3 (SIR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.45–4.74), HIV transmission through intravenous drug use (SIR = 5.14, 95% CI: 1.93–13.70), HCV coinfection (SIR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.47–8.47) and HIV diagnosis before 2000 (SIR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.07–3.97). Conversely, the BC incidence rate was significantly lower in the study sample than in the general population (SIR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42–0.73).

Conclusion
The present study showed no significant linear trend between 2010 and 2015 in the incidence rates of the three cancers explored in the PLWH study sample. Specific recommendations for ICC screening are still required for HIV-infected women and should focus on sub-populations at greatest risk.
Effect of vitamin D3-fortified fruit juice supplementation of 4000 IU daily on the recovery of iron status in childbearing-aged women with marginally low iron stores: Protocol for an 8-week, parallel group, double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ahmad Fuzi Salma Faeza , Su Peng Loh , Zabaha Zalbahar Nurzalinda , Ab. Manan Norhafizah , Mohamad Alwi Muhammad Najib 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIn recent years, emerging evidence has highlighted the role of vitamin D as an iron absorption enhancer by suppressing hepcidin concentration, albeit with an unclear underlying mechanism. Dietary-based approach in improving iron status has been widely practised, however, there is a scarcity in randomized controlled trials (RCT) to elucidate the effect of vitamin D-fortified juice on iron status recovery. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of an 8-week vitamin D3-fortified fruit juice supplementation on iron status indicators in childbearing-aged women with marginally low iron stores.MethodsIn a placebo-controlled, double-blind, RCT, a total of 120 women aged between 19–40 with serum ferritin < 20 μg/l and fulfilled the eligibility criteria will be randomized into consuming either vitamin D3-fortified fruit juices containing 4000 IU (100 mcg) (vitamin D) or placebo-fruit juices (placebo) daily for eight weeks. At every 4-week interval, 10 ml fasting blood sample, information on dietary habit and anthropometric measurement will be collected. A mixed model repeated-measures analysis of variance will be performed to determine the effect of the intervention and the interaction with time points for all iron and vitamin D status blood biomarkers.DiscussionVitamin D supplementation in food fortification as a novel iron absorption enhancer might be a future and relevant alternative management of iron deficiency as opposed to the oral iron therapy that has poor adherence.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov: registration numberNCT04618289, registration date October 28, 2020, protocol ID JKEUPM-2020-033.
Screening Colonoscopy Findings are Associated with nonColorectal Cancer Mortality
Authors: Sullivan Brian A. , Qin Xuejun , Miller Cameron , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Redding Thomas S. , Gellad Ziad F. , Madison Ashton N. , Musselwhite Laura W. , Efird Jimmy T. , Sims Kellie J. , Williams Christina D. , Weiss David , Lieberman David , Provenzale Dawn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Controversy exists regarding the impact of various risk factors on non-colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality in healthy screening populations. We examined the impact of known CRC risk factors, including baseline colonoscopy findings, on non-CRC mortality in a screening population.

Methods:
Cooperative Studies Program #380 is comprised of 3,121 Veterans age 50-75 who underwent screening colonoscopy from 1994-97, and were then followed for at least 10 years or until death. Hazard ratios (HR) for risk factors on non-CRC mortality were estimated by multivariate Cox proportional hazards.

Results:
Current smoking (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.78-2.52, compared with non-smokers) and physical activity (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.93) were the modifiable factors most associated with non-CRC mortality in CSP#380. Additionally, compared with no neoplasia at baseline colonoscopy, non-CRC mortality was higher in participants with ≥3 small adenomas (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06-1.94), advanced adenomas (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.99-1.75), and CRC (HR 2.95, 95% CI 0.98-8.85). Those with 1-2 small adenomas were not at increased risk for non-CRC mortality (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.94-1.4).

Conclusions:
In a CRC screening population, known modifiable risk factors were significantly associated with 10 year non-CRC mortality. Furthermore, those who died from non-CRC causes within 10 years were more likely to have had high-risk findings at baseline colonoscopy. These results suggest that advanced colonoscopy findings may be a risk marker of poor health outcomes. Integrated efforts are needed to motivate healthy lifestyle changes during CRC screening, particularly in those with high-risk colonoscopy findings and unaddressed risk factors.