bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 Aluminum Fluoride Single Crystals by Bridgman Method
Authors: Wang Difeng , Lv Pan , Fang Lizhi , Zhou Xiong , Zhang Jianli , Xia Haiping , Song Hongwei , Chen Baojiu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHighly transparent KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 fluoride bulk single crystals in size of ≈Ф 50 mm × 10 mm are successfully grown for the first time by a modified Bridgman method. The physicochemical properties of the single crystals are investigated with the help of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), absorption spectrum, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectrum measurements. The KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 phases of the obtained single crystals are determined from the results of XRD. The melting points of KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 are measured to be ≈549 and ≈705 ℃ from their DTA curves. The maximum matrix phonon energies of KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 single crystals are 544 and 530 cm–1 from their Raman spectra. The KAlF4 single crystal shows high transmittance from 2000 to 5500 nm, while Na5Al3F14 from 950 to 6000 nm. The energy gaps of KAlF4 and Na5Al3F14 are calculated to be 5.34 and 5.94 eV based on transmission spectra, respectively.
Novel disease state model finds most juvenile green turtles develop and recover from fibropapillomatosis
Authors: Kelley Jake R. , Kelley Kayla L. , Savage Anna E. , Mansfield Kate L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFibropapillomatosis (FP) is a sea turtle disease characterized by benign tumor development on the skin, eyes, and/or internal organs. It primarily affects juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in coastal foraging sites. The Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, USA, is a coastal green turtle foraging site where the observed FP annual rate averaged 49% between 1983 and 2018. While FP is no longer considered a major cause of sea turtle mortality and most individuals fully recover, the overall dynamics of this disease are poorly understood because prior disease history is unknown for individuals without FP at capture time, and future disease outcome is unknown for individuals with FP at capture time. To better evaluate FP dynamics for green turtles in the IRL, we developed a hierarchical model for predicting disease state change. We used data from 4149 captures of 3700 individual green turtles captured in the IRL. The hierarchical disease state model contained two levels: Level 1 modeled whether an individual would develop FP, and Level 2 modeled disease state progression, including states for pre‐FP affliction, active FP affliction, and full recovery from FP. From the hierarchical model, we estimated 99.8% (95% credibility intervals 99.1%–100%) of juvenile green turtles in the IRL developed FP, indicating that nearly every individual in the IRL is affected by this disease. The model also suggested that turtles quickly developed FP upon recruitment to the IRL and then recovered at different rates, with most completely recovering before emigrating from the IRL as they mature. This is the first analysis of long‐term sea turtle data suggesting nearly every turtle in an aggregation both develops and recovers from FP.
Effects of non‐caloric artificial sweeteners on naïve and dextran sodium sulfate‐exposed Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hubrecht Inga , Baenas Nieves , Sina Christian , Wagner Anika E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSaccharin and sucralose are worldwide used tabletop non‐caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS), and although they are considered metabolically inert and safe for consumption, recent studies observed an NAS‐mediated modulation of the intestinal microbiota, which may result in the development of intestinal inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the effects of NAS alone and in combination with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a chemical known to induce gut inflammation, on parameters of overall fitness including longevity and climbing ability of female Drosophila melanogaster. DSS‐exposed flies were subjected to saccharin or sucralose, and their effects on survival and the gene expression levels of different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were assessed. Saccharin supplementation significantly increased the lifespan of D. melanogaster, while DSS significantly decreased the survival in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, DSS exposure of flies resulted in a trend toward an up‐regulation of the mRNA levels of the AMPs, drosocin and metchnikowin. This effect was more pronounced in the NAS‐supplemented group reaching significance. This may indicate that NAS supplementation improves intestinal immune reactions during an inflammatory metabolic state.
Brain morphology, harm avoidance, and the severity of excessive internet use
Authors: Wan Li , Zha Rujing , Ren Jiecheng , Li Ying , Zhao Qian , Zuo Huilin , Zhang Xiaochu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs the previous studies have mainly focused on the reward system and the corresponding brain regions, the relationship between brain morphology and excessive internet use (EIU) were not clear; the purpose of the study was to investigate if the brain regions other than the reward system were associated with EIU. Data were acquired from 131 excessive internet users. Psychological measures included internet use, life quality, personality, mental illness symptoms, impulsivity, and thought suppression. The brain was scanned with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and six types of brain morphological indexes were calculated. Lasso regression methods were used to select the predictors. Stepwise linear regression methods were used to build the models and verify the model. The variables remaining in the model were left precentral (curve), left superior temporal (surface area), right cuneus (folding index), right rostral anterior cingulate (folding index), and harm avoidance. The independent variable was the EIU score of the worst week in the past year. The study found that the brain morphological indexes other than the reward system, including the left precentral (curve), the left superior temporal (surface area), the right cuneus (folding index), and the right rostral anterior cingulate (folding index), can predict the severity of EIU, suggesting an extensive change in the brain. In this study, a whole‐brain data analysis was conducted and it was concluded that the changes in certain brain regions were more predictive than the reward system and psychological measures or more important for EIU.
Increased prescription rate of anti‐infective agents after diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Rozema Johanne , Hoogendoorn Mels , Potma Iris , ten Seldam Inge , Veeger Nic J. G. M. , Kibbelaar Robby E. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , van Roon Eric N. ,   the HemoBase Population Registry Consortium
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe a priori risk for infections in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is unknown. This study examines prescription rates of anti‐infective agents in MDS patients before and after diagnosis, in both in‐ and outpatient settings, to provide information on infection management in clinical practice.We performed a population‐based study using the HemoBase registry, containing data of all MDS patients diagnosed since 2005 in Friesland, the Netherlands. Community and hospital pharmacies provided prescription data from 1995 to 2020.Data were obtained for 203 of 292 patients (70%). Patients received significantly more anti‐infective agents, predominantly antibacterials (70%), after diagnosis compared to before: 148.7 defined daily dose/1000 days (DID) (95% CI: 146.9–150.5) and 55.1 DID (95% CI: 54.5–55.8, p < 0.01), respectively, corresponding to median 23.5 and 7.6 treatment days/year. Higher‐risk (449.9 DID) and lower‐risk patients (129.1 DID) both received significantly more anti‐infective agents after diagnosis; comorbidities, neutropenia, and age did not show significant differences relative to prescription rates. Before diagnosis, 10% of patients had infection‐related hospital admissions versus 38% after diagnosis.In conclusion, MDS patients received significantly more anti‐infective agents compared to before diagnosis. This is the first study that has quantified the prescription rate of anti‐infective agents within and beyond the clinical setting in MDS.
Breast Tissue Chemistry Measured In Vivo In Healthy Women Correlate with Breast Density and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Santamaría Gorane , Naude Natali , Watson Julia , Irvine John , Lloyd Thomas , Bennett Ian , Galloway Graham , Malycha Peter , Mountford Carolyn 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe relationship of tissue chemistry to breast density and cancer risk has not been documented despite breast density being a known risk factor.PurposeTo investigate whether distinct chemical profiles associated with breast density and cancer risk are identified in healthy breast tissue using in vivo two‐dimensional correlated spectroscopy (2D COSY).Study TypeProspective.PopulationOne‐hundred‐seven participants including 55 at low risk and 52 at high risk of developing breast cancer.Field Strength/Sequence3 T/ axial/ T1, T2, 2D COSY.AssessmentTwo radiologists defined breast density on T2. Interobserver variability assessed. Peak volumes normalized to methylene at (1.30, 1.30) ppm as internal shift reference.Statistical TestsChi‐squared/Mann–Whitney/Kappa statistics/Kruskal Wallis/pairwise analyses. Significance level 0.05.ResultsTen percentage were fatty breasts, 39% scattered fibroglandular, 35% heterogeneously dense, and 16% extremely dense. Interobserver variability was excellent (kappa = 0.817). Sixty percentage (64/107) were premenopausal. Four distinct tissue chemistry categories were identified: low‐density (LD)/premenopausal, high‐density (HD)/premenopausal, LD/postmenopausal, and HD/postmenopausal. Compared to LD, HD breast chemistry showed significant increases of cholesterol (235%) and lipid unsaturation (33%).In the low‐risk category, postmenopausal women with dense breasts recorded the largest significant changes including cholesterol methyl 540%, lipid unsaturation 207%, glutamine/glutamate 900%, and choline/phosphocholine 800%.In the high‐risk cohort, premenopausal women with HD recorded a more active chemical profile with significant increases in choline/phosphocholine 1100%, taurine/glucose 550% and cholesterol sterol 250%.Data ConclusionFour distinct chemical profiles were identified in healthy breast tissue based on breast density and menopausal status in participants at low and high risk. Gradual increase in neutral lipid content and metabolites was noted in both risk groups across categories in different order. In low risk, the HD postmenopausal category exhibited the highest metabolic activity, while women at high risk exhibited the highest lipid content and metabolic activity in the HD premenopausal category.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage3
The changing nature of the business processes in the knowledge economy – Action research
Authors: Szelągowski Marek , Berniak‐Woźny Justyna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to propose the authors' business process nature assessment method and to indicate how to use the data provided by it as guidance for implementing and developing business process management (BPM) in organisations operating in the present complex and dynamic knowledge economy (KE). The study is based on the existing research literature relating to BPM and knowledge management (KM), and thus investigating how the evolving KE affects the nature of business processes and thus the whole BPM ecosystem. The empirical section of the paper employs action research methodology. The data was collected through internal documentation analysis, interviews, workshops (focus groups), process modelling and, observation during workshops. This part of the study confirmed that the use of the proposed method allows for the diagnosis of the nature of business processes in the organisation, including the identification of the nature of the key processes and their characteristics, which allows selection of the optimal BPM implementation methodology. At the same time, the use of action research allows for efficient communication between management and the team implementing BPM, which has been shown to be a necessary condition for the successful implementation of BPM.
Rogers semilattices of limitwise monotonic numberings
Authors: Bazhenov Nikolay , Mustafa Manat , Tleuliyeva Zhansaya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLimitwise monotonic sets and functions constitute an important tool in computable structure theory. We investigate limitwise monotonic numberings. A numbering ν of a family is limitwise monotonic (l.m.) if every set is the range of a limitwise monotonic function, uniformly in k. The set of all l.m. numberings of S induces the Rogers semilattice . The semilattices exhibit a peculiar behavior, which puts them in‐between the classical Rogers semilattices (for computable families) and Rogers semilattices of ‐computable families. We show that every Rogers semilattice of a ‐computable family is isomorphic to some semilattice . On the other hand, there are infinitely many isomorphism types of classical Rogers semilattices which can be realized as semilattices . In particular, there is an l.m. family S such that is isomorphic to the upper semilattice of c.e. m‐degrees. We prove that if an l.m. family S contains more than one element, then the poset is infinite, and it is not a lattice. The l.m. numberings form an ideal (w.r.t. reducibility between numberings) inside the class of all ‐computable numberings. We prove that inside this class, the index set of l.m. numberings is ‐complete.
Comparison of the effect of psychosocial skills training on acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain intensity: The effectiveness of early intervention in the reduction of acute musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Shaygan Maryam , Hosseini Fahimeh A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPain, as a psychological experience, is caused by complex interactions among sensory‐discriminative, motivational‐affective, and cognitive‐evaluative dimensions. The psychosocial approach is one of the important approaches in managing musculoskeletal pain in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine and compare the effects of psychosocial skills training on pain intensity in patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain.MethodsIn this quasi‐experimental study, 64 patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain were selected using convenience sampling. Both groups received psychosocial training in pain management in groups of 8–10 people over six 1‐h sessions. The data were collected at baseline, after the intervention, and 3 months later using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Then, the data were entered into the SPSS 22 software and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsIn this study, the mean age of the participants was 50.10 ± 10.63 years and 60.9% of them were female. Based on the results, time had a significant effect on pain intensity (p < 0.001), but the effect of group on pain intensity was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). The group × time effect on pain intensity was also statistically significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionPsychosocial training had a positive impact on the reduction of pain among the patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Additionally, the training was more effective in patients with acute pain due to early training. These findings can help healthcare providers in the field of musculoskeletal pain management, especially in patients with acute pain.
Recovery and prediction of physical function 1 year following hip fracture
Authors: Beckmann Monica , Bruun‐Olsen Vigdis , Pripp Are Hugo , Bergland Astrid , Smith Toby , Heiberg Kristi Elisabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the recovery of physical function, health related quality of life (HRQoL), and pain for people following hip fracture for the initial 12 months, and to examine whether postoperative outcome measures of physical function, HRQoL, and pain can predict physical function at 3 and 12 months.DesignA prospective single‐center observational study, as part of the HIPFRAC trial. Settings: One hospital with two associated municipalities in Norway. Subjects: 207 participants with hip fracture included in the study (140 participants transferred to a short‐term nursing home placement and 67 transferred directly home at discharge from hospital).MethodOutcome measures were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up & Go (TUG), Stair climbing test (SC), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain at rest and in activity, and EQ‐5D‐5L index and health score. Data were analysed by repeated measures of variance and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsThere were statistically significant improvements in physical function (SPPB total score and TUG), NRS‐pain in activity, and HRQoL (EQ‐5D‐5L) from hospital discharge to 3‐month follow‐up for the whole cohort and the two groups (p < 0.001). However, the largest improvements occurred within the first 3 months. Further statistically significant improvements occurred between 3 and 12 months (p < 0.05). The strongest predictors of physical function at 3 and 12 months post‐fracture were physical function (SPPB) at hospital discharge and pre‐fracture requirement of a walking aid.ConclusionThe recovery of physical function, HRQoL, and pain in participants after hip fracture indicates gradual improvements during the initial 12‐month follow‐up, with the largest improvements within the first 3 months.
Pandemic transformations in migrant spaces: Migrant entrepreneurship between super‐digitalization and the new precarity
Authors: Andrejuk Katarzyna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has brought about new patterns in labour market activities, including greater frequency, intensity and sectoral diversification of technology‐mediated online work (super‐digitalization). The development of online professional activities, accelerated by the pandemic, has a profound influence on migrant entrepreneurship in many dimensions. While the phenomenon also concerns the native population and is not limited to foreigners, in the case of migrant entrepreneurs it has additional unique meanings and consequences, resulting from a greater significance of mobility for migrants and its restriction during the pandemic. The analysis discusses new phenomena, such as the emergence of pandemic digital nomads and the development of migrant business ventures characterized by a de‐ethnicized approach to customers. The theoretical framework for this analysis is the concept of super‐digitalization of professional activities as a privilege. Digitalization is not available to everyone, but it affects everyone; it also has consequences for offline migrant entrepreneurs by creating and enhancing new mechanisms of exclusion. The article emphasizes the difference between super‐digitalization and digitalization, which result in different outcomes for migrant entrepreneurs. The analysis is based on in‐depth interviews with 53 Polish migrant entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom.
Endoscopic image luminance enhancement based on the inverse square law for illuminance and retinex
Authors: Wang Longfei , Wu Baibo , Wang Xiang , Zhu Qingyi , Xu Kai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn a single‐port robotic system where the 3D endoscope possesses two bending segments, only point light sources can be integrated at the tip due to space limitations. However, point light sources usually provide non‐uniform illumination, causing the endoscopic images to appear bright in the centre and dark near the corners.MethodsBased on the inverse square law for illuminance, an initial luminance weighting is first proposed to increase the image luminance uniformity. Then, a saturation‐based model is proposed to finalise the luminance weighting to avoid overexposure and colour discrepancy, while the single‐scale retinex (SSR) scheme is employed for noise control.ResultsVia qualitative and quantitative comparisons, the proposed method performs effectively in enhancing the luminance and uniformity of endoscopic images, in terms of both visual perception and objective assessment.ConclusionsThe proposed method can effectively reduce the image degradation caused by point light sources.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Inhibition Properties of an Imidazoline Derivative on Q235 Corrosion in a Simulated Concrete Pore Solution
Authors: Wang Pengjie , Chen Qi , Xiong Liping , He Zhongyi , Pu Jibin , Zhang Renhui , Guo Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel imidazoline derivative has been synthesized and its molecular structure has been confirmed by IR, Raman, elemental analysis and NMR, the molecular structure of the inhibitor is similar to that of the previous research. In this paper, the inhibition performance and inhibition mechanism of the three inhibitors (SMID, SMIS and SMIF) in concrete simulation solution are analyzed and compared. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of SMIF (96.02 %) > SMIS (93.62 %)>SMID(93.01 %) in weight loss experiment, the SMIS of electrochemistry of Nyquist and potentiodynamic polarization were 89.72 % and 92.03 % respectively, which indicated that SMIS had good corrosion inhibition effect. Electrochemical experiments show that the SMIS belongs to anodic type, and the mechanism of SMIS can form a protective film on the surface Q235 and inhibit the charge transfer. The results of FTIR, EDS and XPS show that SMIS can be adsorbed on the surface of Q235, which is also confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation (MD).
Consecutive Utilization of Mechanochemical and Microwave Methods for the Synthesis of Boc‐2‐amino‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and DFT Study of Mechanism 6π‐Diazaelectrocyclization Process
Authors: Antol Ivana , Glasovac Zoran , Murata Yasujiro , Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Margetić Davor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo eco‐friendly synthetic methods were used consecutively in the preparation of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one heterocycles. The first reaction step, synthesis of a series of aryl guanidines was carried out by solvent‐free mechanochemical milling of aryl amines with 1H‐pyrazole‐N,N‐di‐(tert‐butyloxycarbonyl)‐1‐carboxamidine. In the following synthetic step, aryl guanidines were converted into Boc‐2‐amino‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones by microwave heating. The experimental studies were supplemented by detailed quantum chemical studies (DFT) of the reaction mechanism of 6π‐diazaelectrocyclization process, and the predicted reactivities and regioselectivities are consistent with the experimental observations.