bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanotube Ink Dispersed by Chitin Nanocrystals for Thermoelectric Converter for Self‐Powering Multifunctional Wearable Electronics
Authors: He Yunqing , Lin Xiaoying , Feng Yue , Luo Binghong , Liu Mingxian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe screen‐printing process of conductive ink can realize simple and large‐scale manufacture of micro/nano patterns for producing wearable electronic products. Herein, chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) are used as a dispersant for the preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) ink with high viscosity and uniformity by ultrasound treatment. ChNCs can interact with MWCNT in noncovalent ways, including π–π and hydrophobic interactions. ChNCs/MWCNT (CCNT) ink does not aggregate even after standing for 3 months with a maximum MWCNT concentration of 33 mg mL−1 and dispersion efficiency of 91.1%. Using CCNT ink, a paper‐based thermoelectric generator (TEG) is manufactured by screen‐printing technology. With good thermoelectric and strain sensing properties, CCNT coated paper can stably collect human energy at room temperature to realize self‐powering. The CCNT coated paper‐based TEG can convert thermal voltage signals into musical notes, monitor the changes in human behavior and respiratory rate, and monitor joint movements. Moreover, CCNT coated paper has no cytotoxicity by CCK‐8 and live/dead staining. This work puts forward a strategy of green preparation of MWCNT‐based ink by adding renewable chitin, which opens up a new way to apply MWCNT‐based ink in self‐powering wearable multifunctional sensors.
Low‐Voltage and High Thermal Stability Single‐Element Te Selector with Failed Bit Pruning Operation Enabling Robust Cross‐Point Memory
Authors: Ding Yaxin , An Junjie , Shen Jiabin , Jia Shujing , Guo Jingrui , Wang Lingfei , Gong Tiancheng , Jiang Pengfei , Wang Yuan , Chen Yuting , Zhu Min , Dou Chunmeng , Luo Qing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe breakdown (BD) of one‐selector‐one‐resistor memory cells incurs increasing crosstalk and power consumption in the cross‐point memory array. In this work, failed bit pruning (FBP) operation of selectors is presented to cope with the side effects due to the BD cells. First, the FBP concept and its requirements on the device parameters is presented. Then the wide existence of FBP operation is demonstrated by investigating five different materials. Among them, the single‐element (Te) selector is highlighted. It not only shows high resistance after the prune operation (>50 MΩ) under a low prune voltage (2 V) but also achieves low threshold voltage (1.3 V) and high thermal stability (430 °C). This work demonstrates a new universal character for selector devices to enable robust high‐density cross‐point memory.
Dual‐Site Synergistic Passivation for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Wenyuan , He Lang , Meng Yan , Kanda Hiroyuki , Tang Dongyan , Ding Bin , Ding Yong , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Li Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDefect passivation has been recognized as an effective strategy to improve efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, in‐depth theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveal the dual‐site synergistic passivation of 1H‐benzimidazole (BIZ), and the conjugated structure of the benzene ring tends to increase the interaction between BIZ and perovskite. High‐quality perovskite films are thus achieved, with increased grain size, reduced defect density, and suppressed ion migration. Simultaneously, the reduced work function and optimized band alignment promote carrier transport, reducing nonradiative recombination, and loss of open‐circuit voltages, as well as fill factor. Consequently, the target PSC devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.59%, and 20.49% for perovskite solar module (a designated area of 27.5 cm2). The unencapsulated PSC maintains 91.49% of original PCE after storing in air with an average relative humidity of 40% for 2400 h. Moreover, the device exhibits remarkable the long‐term operational stability, maintaining 90.47% of initial PCE after continuously operating at the maximum power point for 1000 h. This study not only provides insights into the synergistic passivation of BIZ but also provides a strategy for the application of BIZ derivatives in the photovoltaic field.
Challenges, Opportunities, and Prospects in Metal Halide Perovskites from Theoretical and Machine Learning Perspectives
Authors: Myung Chang Woo , Hajibabaei Amir , Cha Ji‐Hyun , Ha Miran , Kim Junu , Kim Kwang S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetal halide perovskite (MHP) is a promising next generation energy material for various applications, such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, lasers, sensors, and transistors. MHPs show excellent mechanical, dielectric, photovoltaic, photoluminescence, and electronic properties, and such intriguing physical and chemical properties have drawn attention recently. However, there exists a chasm between the successful applications of MHPs and theoretical understandings. The difficulty arises from the intrinsic properties of MHPs, including structural disorder, ionic interactions, nonadiabatic effects, and composition diversity. Machine learning (ML) approaches have shown great promise as a tool to overcome the theoretical obstacles in many fields of science. In this perspective, the pending theoretical challenges from experiments are overviewed and promising ML approaches, including ab initio ML potentials, materials design/optimization models, and data mining strategies are proposed. Possible roles and pipelines of ML frameworks are highlighted to close the gap between experiment and theory in MHPs.
Highly Stable Lithium Metal Batteries by Regulating the Lithium Nitrate Chemistry with a Modified Eutectic Electrolyte
Authors: Liang Yihong , Wu Wanbao , Li Deping , Wu Hao , Gao Chaochao , Chen Zhengjian , Ci Lijie , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLithium nitrate is widely used as an additive in electrolytes to regulate the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, the application of LiNO3 in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is limited by its extremely low solubility in conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes. In this study, a non‐flammable deep eutectic solvent (DES) with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and N‐methylacetamide (NMAC) as the main components is chosen as the LMB electrolyte. Using theoretical calculations and experiments, the strong interaction between NMAC and LiNO3 is proved to be effective in increasing the solubility of LiNO3 (up to 4 wt%) and realizing stable anion‐rich SEI layers. DES synergizes with LiNO3 to produce LiF, LixN, and LiNxOy enriched SEI layer, which improves the uniformity of lithium deposition. In particular, the NCM622||DES‐2||Li full cells achieve 84% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 0.5 C, far exceeding that of conventional carbonate electrolytes (56%). Consequently, this study provides a new strategy for employing LiNO3 in LMBs, in addition to its potential application in other alkali metal batteries and anode‐free batteries.
Interrogating the impact of aggregation‐induced emission nanoparticles on in vitro protein stability, ex vivo protein homeostasis, and in vivo biocompatibility
Authors: Wan Wang , Zhao Qun , Jing Biao , Peng Congcong , Wang Mengdie , Huang Yanan , Jin Wenhan , Zhong Bowen , Zhang Zhenduo , Dong Xuepeng , Gao Zhenming , Zhang Lihua , Liu Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials offer promising perspectives in disease diagnosis and therapeutics given their unique optical and photochemical properties. A key step toward translational applications for AIE materials is to systematically and vigorously evaluate their biosafety and biocompatibility. While previous studies focus on cellular viability and toxicity, the impact of AIE materials on detailed stress responses manifesting cellular fitness has been less explored. Herein, this work provides the first piece of evidence to support amphiphilic functionalization of AIE nanoparticles minimizes the deterioration on proteome stability and cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis). To this end, four scaffolds of AIE molecules were prepared, further functionalized into eight nanoparticles with two amphiphilic shells respectively, and characterized for their physicochemical properties. Thermal shift assay quantitatively demonstrates that AIE materials after amphiphilic functionalization into nanoparticles enhance proteome thermodynamic stability and ameliorate proteome aggregation propensity in cellular lysate, echoed by cell viability and fractionation experiments. Intriguingly, poor polydispersity index (PDI) of functionalized nanoparticles exaggerates their retention and aggregation in the cell. Comparative proteomic analysis uncovers that amphiphilic functionalization of AIE materials can minimize the deterioration of cellular protein homeostasis network. Finally, vigorous interrogation of functionalized AIE nanoparticles in mice model reveals the complexity of factors affecting the biocompatibility profiles in vivo, including materials’ size, PDI, and treatment frequencies. Overall, amphiphilic functionalization of AIE materials into nanoparticles is necessary to maintain proteome stability and balance cellular protein homeostasis.
Disease Progression in Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Related to MPZ Mutations: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Fridman Vera , Sillau Stefan , Bockhorst Jacob , Smith Kaitlin , Moroni Isabella , Pagliano Emanuela , Pisciotta Chiara , Piscosquito Guiseppe , Laurá Matilde , Muntoni Francesco , Bacon Chelsea , Feely Shawna , Grider Tiffany , Gutmann Laurie , Shy Rosemary , Wilcox Janel , Herrmann David N. , Li Jun , Ramchandren Sindhu , Sumner Charlotte J. , Lloyd Thomas E. , Day John , Siskind Carly E. , Yum Sabrina W. , Sadjadi Reza , Finkel Richard S. , Scherer Steven S. , Pareyson Davide , Reilly Mary M. , Shy Michael E. ,   the Inherited Neuropathies Consortium–Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe paucity of longitudinal natural history studies in MPZ neuropathy remains a barrier to clinical trials. We have completed a longitudinal natural history study in patients with MPZ neuropathies across 13 sites of the Inherited Neuropathies Consortium.MethodsChange in Charcot–Marie–Tooth Examination Score (CMTES) and Rasch modified CMTES (CMTES‐R) were evaluated using longitudinal regression over a 5‐year period in subjects with MPZ neuropathy. Data from 139 patients with MPZ neuropathy were examined.ResultsThe average baseline CMTES and CMTES‐R were 10.84 (standard deviation [SD] = 6.0, range = 0–28) and 14.60 (SD = 7.56, range = 0–32), respectively. A mixed regression model showed significant change in CMTES at years 2–5 (mean change from baseline of 0.87 points at 2 years, p = 0.008). Subgroup analysis revealed greater change in CMTES at 2 years in subjects with axonal as compared to demyelinating neuropathy (mean change of 1.30 points [p = 0.016] vs 0.06 points [p = 0.889]). Patients with a moderate baseline neuropathy severity also showed more notable change, by estimate, than those with mild or severe neuropathy (mean 2‐year change of 1.14 for baseline CMTES 8–14 [p = 0.025] vs −0.03 for baseline CMTES 0–7 [p = 0.958] and 0.25 for baseline CMTES ≥ 15 [p = 0.6897]). The progression in patients harboring specific MPZ mutations was highly variable.InterpretationCMTES is sensitive to change over time in adult patients with axonal but not demyelinating forms of MPZ neuropathy. Change in CMTES was greatest in patients with moderate baseline disease severity. These findings will inform future clinical trials of MPZ neuropathies. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:563–576
Massless Dirac Fermions on a Space‐Time Lattice with a Topologically Protected Dirac Cone
Authors: Donís Vela A. , Pacholski M. J. , Lemut G. , Tworzydło J. , Beenakker C. W. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe symmetries that protect massless Dirac fermions from a gap opening may become ineffective if the Dirac equation is discretized in space and time, either because of scattering between multiple Dirac cones in the Brillouin zone (fermion doubling) or because of singularities at zone boundaries. Here an implementation of Dirac fermions on a space‐time lattice that removes both obstructions is introduced. The quasi‐energy band structure has a tangent dispersion with a single Dirac cone that cannot be gapped without breaking both time‐reversal and chiral symmetries. It is shown that this topological protection is absent in the familiar single‐cone discretization with a linear sawtooth dispersion, as a consequence of the fact that there the time‐evolution operator is discontinuous at Brillouin zone boundaries.
Selective Biocatalytic N‐Methylation of Unsaturated Heterocycles
Authors: Ospina Felipe , Schülke Kai H. , Soler Jordi , Klein Alina , Prosenc Benjamin , Garcia‐Borràs Marc , Hammer Stephan C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMethods for regioselective N‐methylation and ‐alkylation of unsaturated heterocycles with “off the shelf” reagents are highly sought‐after. This reaction could drastically simplify synthesis of privileged bioactive molecules. Here we report engineered and natural methyltransferases for challenging N‐(m)ethylation of heterocycles, including benzimidazoles, benzotriazoles, imidazoles and indazoles. The reactions are performed through a cyclic enzyme cascade that consists of two methyltransferases using only iodoalkanes or methyl tosylate as simple reagents. This method enables the selective synthesis of important molecules that are otherwise difficult to access, proceeds with high regioselectivity (r.r. up to >99 %), yield (up to 99 %), on a preparative scale, and with nearly equimolar concentrations of simple starting materials.
Transient Stabilization Effect of CO2 in the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Azo Compounds and the Reductive Coupling of α‐Ketoesters
Authors: Zhao Yulei , Guo Xuqiang , Li Shuai , Fan Yuhang , Ji Guo‐Cui , Jiang Mengmeng , Yang Yin , Jiang Yuan‐Ye 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and utilization has attracted a great attention in organic synthesis. Herein, an unpresented transient stabilization effect (TSE) of CO2 is disclosed and well applied to the electrochemical hydrogenation of azo compounds to hydrazine derivatives. Mechanistic experiments and computational studies imply that CO2 can capture azo radical anion intermediates to protect the hydrogenation from potential degradation reactions, and is finally released through decarboxylation. The promotion effect of CO2 was further demonstrated to work in the preliminary study of electrochemical reductive coupling of α‐ketoesters to vicinal diol derivatives. For the electrochemical reductive reactions mentioned above, CO2 is indispensable. The presented results shed light on a different usage of CO2 and could inspire novel experimental design by using CO2 as a transient protecting group.
Graphene Nanoribbon Hybridization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Membranes for Intrinsic Molecular Separation
Authors: Choi Eunji , Choi Ji Il , Kim Yong‐Jae , Kim Yeong Jae , Eum Kiwon , Choi Yunkyu , Kwon Ohchan , Kim Minsu , Choi Wooyoung , Ji Hyungjoon , Jang Seung Soon , Kim Dae Woo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractZeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are promising for gas separation membrane, but their molecular cut‐off differs from that expected from its intrinsic aperture structure because of their flexibility. Herein, we introduced graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) to rigidify the ZIF framework. Because the sp2 edge of the GNRs induces strong anchoring effects, the modified layer can be rigidified. Particularly, when the GNRs were embedded and distributed in the ZIF‐8 layer, an intrinsic aperture size of 3.4 Å was observed, resulting in high H2/CO2 separation (H2 permeance: 5.2×10−6 mol/m2 Pa s, ideal selectivity: 142). The performance surpasses the upper bound of polycrystalline MOF membrane performance. In addition, the membrane can be applied to blue H2 production, as demonstrated with a simulated steam reformed gas containing H2/CO2/CH4. The separation performance was retained in the presence of water. The fundamentals of the molecular transport through the rigid ZIF‐8 framework were revealed using molecular dynamics simulations.
Recent Advances in Activatable 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nano‐Probes for the Detection of Biomarkers
Authors: Salaam Jeremy , Minoshima Masafumi , Kikuchi Kazuya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAdapting MRI to the field of molecular imaging is a challenge that continues to attract considerable attention. The detection of a given biomolecular analyte requires the availability of a molecular probe that is able to respond with a sufficient signal gap in order to overcome the low sensitivity of MRI. To this end, 19F MRI has yielded promising results due to its negligible endogenous background signals. Several small molecular probes have been reported; however, the low sensitivity of 19F MRI render the detection of biomarkers in vivo difficult, in view of their sub‐nanomolar concentration on site. Researchers have thus directed their attention toward larger chemical objects containing large numbers of 19F nuclei as smart platforms that allow a stimuli‐induced response. This article discusses the recent advances and future directions in the design of nano‐probes that respond to chemical or physical stimuli recognized as biomarkers for life and disease.
Improvement of coagulating strength and toughness of alkoxysilanes for conservation of cultural heritage
Authors: Nakamura Yoshinobu , Nagao Asuha , Kontani Ryo , Nakane Yuta , Nakamura Takashi , Tsuruta Hiroaki , Suemori Kaoru , Suita Hiroshi , Hirai Tomoyasu , Fujii Syuji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe optimal restoration agent for the brittle walls of Idout's tomb built 4400 years ago in Saqqara, Egypt, which is located underground in a desert area, was investigated. From x‐ray diffraction analysis of the sand collected near the tomb, the main ingredient is silica. Alkoxysilane and its oligomer are used because its alkoxy groups can react readily with silica. The compressive test of solidified model sand its main component is silica was done. The increase of both molecular weight of oligomer and the content of oligomer with higher molecular weight effectively developed the compressive force. When an earthquake occurs, it is desirable that the reinforced wall will be crushed in ductility. The addition of di‐alkoxy type alkoxysilane to oligomers changed the failure mode from brittle to ductile, because the network becomes looser. When a moderate quantity of di‐alkoxy type is added to oligomers, the solidified model sand deforms with greater displacement, while maintaining a high compressive force. From scanning electron microscopic observation of fractured solidified specimen, alkoxysilane was making the sand particles connect as a binder. Many cracks were clearly observed in the binder layer. Whereas, the formed crack was far smaller for di‐alkoxy added system.
Elevated‐temperature mechanical performance of GFRP composite with functionalized hybrid nanofiller
Authors: De Soubhik , Nuli Krishna Chaitanya , Fulmali Abhinav Omprakash , Behera Priyadarhi , Prusty Rajesh Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, alteration in the mechanical performance of glass fiber/epoxy (GE) composite due to individual and simultaneous incorporation of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and multi‐layered graphene sheets (MLG) in both their pristine and oxidized forms are discussed. Further, the effect of two different nanofiller concentrations (0.1 and 0.3 wt%) were also studied to optimize the performance. Flexural testing of these composites was performed at room temperature (RT), 70 and 110°C in‐situ temperatures to understand their temperature dependence behavior. From all considered composites, GE composite with 0.1 wt% of oxidized CNT and MLG mixture (O‐(CNT‐MLG)) (1:1) showed best flexural performance at all the in‐situ temperatures. The presence of oxidized CNTs and MLGs in the GE composite provided a synergetic strengthening effect like CNT pull‐outs and crack bridging confirmed through SEM imaging. Besides, oxidation helped in the dispersion of CNT and MLG in the composite. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of all the considered composites was evaluated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Fourier Transformed Infra‐red Spectroscopy (FTIR) was also conducted to confirm the functionalization of CNT and MLG after oxidation. During the fractography study, these composites showed variation in fiber/matrix interfacial bonding, matrix deformation, dispersion of nanofillers and fiber imprints, which helped to understand different failure modes responsible for the gross failure of the composites.
Evaluation ofbisphenol‐Aepoxy cured with diethylenetriamine by using phosphorus containing liquid poly(1,2‐butadiene) as multifunctional additives
Authors: Xiaojing Lv , Wang Jinwei , Guo Yong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhosphorus containing liquid epoxidate polybutadiene (P‐LEPB) is synthesized and used as the additive to improve the flame retardancy and toughness of epoxy resin (EP). The structure of P‐LEPB is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR),1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). With the addition of P‐LEPB, EP composites show earlier degradation; and P‐LEPB plays flame retardancy functions as reflected by the increase of limiting oxygen index (LOI) and its promotion of carbonization as seen from the char scanning electron microscopy images after LOI tests. The addition of P‐LEPB improves the water proof performance of EP composites, playing positive effect on resisting water spreading on the surface and immersing in the EP composites as supported by the water absorption rates and contact angle measurements. The elongation at break increases with addition of P‐LEPB and reaches nearly three times higher than the neat epoxy at P‐LEPB addition of 10%, the toughening effect of P‐LEPB is attributed to the diverting function by the P‐LEPB microspheres upon stress loading, which is related to the size and distribution of P‐LEPB additions as seen from their cross‐sectional images of the composites.
Variations in age structure and growth in congeners Lacerta viridis and Lacerta media
Authors: Altunışık Abdullah , Yıldız Mehmet Zülfü , Akman Bahadır , İğci Naşit , Karış Mert , Sömer Mehtap 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDetermining the age of any species allows it to be analyzed from the ontogenetic, demographic, and ecological perspectives. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the age structure of congener species (Lacerta media and Lacerta viridis) with the same ecological niche may vary in different areas. In this context, we applied skeletochronology method to reveal various demographic parameters, such as age structure, longevity, age at sexual maturity, growth rate, survival rate, adult life expectancy, and the relationship between age and body size in the green lizard, L. viridis, and the medium lizard, L. media. In L. media and L. viridis, the maximum lifespan was 10 and 8 years, respectively. The mean age and body size of females were significantly greater than those of males in L. media. However, in the examined L. viridis population, no appreciable variation in mean age or body size was found to exist between the sexes. It was estimated that the green lizards reach maturity at the age of 2 or 3 years. However, the L. media reached sexual maturity approximately 1 year later than the congener. The body size markedly increased with age in males for both studied populations. However, in females, body size positively increased with age only in L. media. The approach of skeletochronology that we utilized in this study to assess age structure makes it simple to gather a variety of time‐dependent ecological data for such ectothermic species.