bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial-temporal Distribution and Influencing Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Chinese Mainland, 2001-2020
Authors: Lu Tai-Liang , Zhang Jia-Min , Li Shao-Rong , Chen Chao-Wu 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The spatial-temporal distribution of Helicobacter pylori infection in China is poorly understood. We aimed to study the spatial-temporal distribution of H. pylori infection in Chinese mainland and to explore its influencing factors.

Materials and Methods:
We searched the relevant literature from 2001 to 2021 and applied meta-analysis to obtain the pooled prevalence estimates of all studies and subgroups. Then, we used the pooled prevalence as the dependent variable for the following analysis, including time series analysis, statistical mapping, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and influencing factor analysis based on generalized additive model and panel data model.

Results:
A total of 726 articles and 3,407,392 people were included. The pooled prevalence was 43.7% (95% confidence interval: 42.7%–44.8%). The prevalence decreased in the past 20 years, with high in the eastern and western regions and low in the central region. Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Guizhou Plateau were the high incidence areas of this disease. The intake of vegetable oil, aquatic products, meat, milk, per capita gross domestic product, and annual average humidity were significantly correlated with H. pylori.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of H. pylori is decreasing in Chinese mainland, but still high in underdeveloped areas. Appropriate strategies for the prevention need greater attention.
Mediating Effect of Illness Perception on Psychological Distress in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Ji Yea , Jang Yeonsoo , Hyung Woojin 
Published: March 2022

Background
A cancer diagnosis is a life-threatening event, but studies on psychological distress in patients with cancer after diagnosis are relatively limited, particularly those in early-stage cancer.

Objectives
On the basis of Leventhal's common-sense model of self-regulation, this study examined the mediating effects of illness perception on psychological distress and identified the factors influencing illness perception in patients with newly diagnosed gastric cancer.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and a mediation analysis was performed to determine the role of illness perception in the relationship between social support, the presence of physical symptoms, satisfaction with patient education, and psychological distress.

Results
Participants were 184 patients with recently diagnosed early gastric cancer who are waiting for surgery in a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. The population had a moderate level of psychological distress. Social support, physical symptoms, and satisfaction with patient education significantly influenced illness perception (β = −0.14, P = .048; β = 0.18, P = .015; β = −0.17, P = .019, respectively), and illness perception had a full mediation effect between these 3 variables and psychological distress (β = 0.66, P < .001).

Conclusion
Healthcare providers need to focus on patients' psychological distress following a diagnosis of cancer because this distress could be easily overlooked in clinical settings, even in patients with early-stage cancer.

Implication for Practice
Healthcare providers might alleviate patients' psychological distress by improving unrealistic illness perceptions, alleviating physical symptoms, and providing clear and sufficient patient education in patients with cancer after diagnosis.
Metacognitive Training to Improve Insight and Work Outcome in Schizophrenia
Authors: Zalzala Aieyat , Fiszdon Joanna M. , Moritz Steffen , Wardwell Patricia , Petrik Tammy , Mathews Laura , Shagan Dana , Bracken Daniel , Bell Morris D. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Choi Jimmy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Individuals with psychotic disorders have deficits in metacognition. Thirty-four adults with schizophrenia were randomized to 2 months of metacognitive training (MCT) or a healthy living skills control group. All participants were enrolled in a work therapy program, followed by a supported employment program. Assessments were conducted at baseline, at the end of the 2-month active intervention, and at 4- and 12-month follow-ups. At the end of active intervention, the MCT group demonstrated greater improvement and better work behavior relative to controls. At follow-up, the MCT group demonstrated significantly greater insight and fewer positive symptoms and a greater percentage were employed in the community. We speculate that being better able to think about one’s thoughts, recognize biases in thinking, and correct those thoughts may aid in responding to workplace challenges and hence improve work outcomes.
Enhancing Exam Performance to Increase Retention Among Students in an Associate Degree Nursing Program
Authors: Ingram Donna , Russell Kendra , Hill Kassi , Daly Shannon 
Published: March 2022

Background:
High rates of attrition are problematic for nursing programs in meeting program graduation expectations and the nursing workforce demand.

Purpose:
In an effort to address declining program completion rates over the past 3 years and to assist with student retention, the authors explored the benefits of using The Exam Analysis (TEA) procedure with first-semester nursing students in an associate of science in nursing program.

Methods:
This descriptive pilot study used TEA Worksheet and surveys to collect data with 50 first-semester students. Retention, exam performance, and student experiences were explored.

Results:
Use of TEA procedure benefitted students, with results revealing a retention rate of 90% (n = 45) of first-semester students and a positive rate of change between the exam average score and the final exam score.

Conclusions:
Findings support improved retention for first-semester associate degree nursing students, better exam performance, and positive experiences with using TEA procedure.
Leveraging a Successful Faculty Practice Model to Recruit and Retain Early-Career Nurse Faculty
Authors: Moss Angela , Rousseau Jennifer , Swartwout Kathryn , Kalensky Melissa , Gallagher Therese , Gorenz Annika , Dickins Kirsten 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The shortage of nursing faculty is well documented as are the challenges of attracting and retaining early-career faculty, in part, due to difficulties transitioning expert clinicians into faculty roles.

Problem:
There is little guidance in the literature describing successful formal transition models.

Approach:
An urban College of Nursing Faculty Practice (CON FP) underwent an operational redesign beginning in 2014, resulting in an intentional success: a pipeline for attracting and developing early-career faculty. This article describes how the CON FP leverages faculty practice to develop early-career faculty.

Outcomes:
Across a 6-year time span, at least 20 early-career CON FP clinicians have transitioned to full-time faculty roles. In addition, CON FP clinicians provide more than 75 000 direct care nursing services and support more than 25 000 student clinical and project hours annually.

Conclusions:
We offer this early-career faculty practice pipeline model as a solution for attracting and growing a contemporary nursing faculty workforce.
Fostering Nursing Students' Moral Decision-Making Through Use of an Affective Learning Module
Authors: Morrill Deborah , Westrick Susan J. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The emphasis on disciplinary and preventive approaches to combating academic misconduct does little to foster student professional identity and core nursing value formation.

Problem:
There is a need for pedagogy designed to navigate moral decision-making within ambiguous areas of practice as nursing students integrate personal and professional values while becoming a nurse.

Approach:
Rest's theory of moral development offers a framework for constructing purposeful affective learning activities that operationalize moral sensitivity, judgment, motivation, and character, whereas Krathwohl's theory provides a means to identify affective learning objectives. Offering prelicensure nursing students an opportunity to discuss, reflect on, and consider actions and consequences associated with academic and practice-based situations forms the basis for this affective learning module that fosters connections between academic and professional behaviors of integrity.

Conclusion:
Rest's theoretical model provides a viable structured approach to moral development. Curriculum designed to engage moral decision-making offers an innovative approach to cultivating student integrity.
Entrustable Professional Activities in Clinical Education
Authors: Corrigan Catherine , Moran Katherine , Kesten Karen , Conrad Dianne , Manderscheid Amy , Beebe Sarah L. , Pohl Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Competency attainment is foremost in the ethos of this project that provides a practical guide to implementing entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as one approach to competency acquisition in the clinical education component of a health care program. EPAs are units of work that provide evidence of required competencies for the clinical education component of a program of study for educators, preceptors, and students.

Problem:
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has raised the importance of competency-based education and need for a practical approach to assess clinical competency challenges (eg, EPAs) in nursing education.

Approach:
The implementation of EPAs in the clinical component of advanced nursing education is detailed as an example in this article. Prioritizing a systematic approach, the Knowledge to Action framework, was chosen to guide the process.

Conclusion:
Nursing must act now to put in place a robust competency acquisition and validation system.
Nurse Educator Perceptions of Workplace Collegiality
Authors: Davis Sandra G. , Davis Emily , Kintz Kim , Opsahl Angela 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The nursing faculty shortage challenges nursing educators, administrators, and staff to find innovative ways to understand and address faculty retention.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine nurse educators' perceptions of workplace collegiality and the possible correlation to role satisfaction and role persistence.

Methods:
Participants (n = 177) were recruited nationally from a Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education accredited schools listing. Three survey instruments were utilized: Survey of Collegial Communication, Job Satisfaction Survey, and Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire.

Results:
The study found a positive relationship between collegiality and job satisfaction in academia. The Pearson correlation results indicated there was a significant negative correlation between the intent to remain and collegiality.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest nursing educators perceive collegiality as an important component of job satisfaction and intent to remain.
Design and custom fabrication of specialized orthoses for the upper-limb stabilization in childhood dyskinesia
Authors: Garavaglia Lorenzo , Pagliano Emanuela , LoMauro Antonella , Pittaccio Simone 
Published: March 2022

Background:Childhood dyskinesia (CD) is a complex movement disorder with components of dystonic and hyperkinetic nature, characterized by involuntary, sometimes stereotypical postures and gestures that are often impossible to control and hinder the execution of willful motion. The standard orthoses for the treatment of neurological diseases, including CD, are generally poorly differentiated for functional characteristics. The application of similar devices for movement disorders is far less generalized because of the very different symptoms, including the incapacity to control rather than initiate movement.Objectives:This article aims to describe an innovative method to fabricate personalized orthoses for the elbow-wrist joints in CD, taking into account anatomical and functional diversities. It also proposes functional elements to implement the required dynamic postural control.Methods:Wearable custom-made upper-limb orthoses have been fabricated and preliminarily tested on five patients with CD. Optoelectronic stereophotogrammetry was used as an innovative tool for all-in-one–frame acquisition of limb geometry. A new process for the functional personalization of the orthoses has been developed using shape memory alloys.Conclusions:The innovative method presented, encompassing data acquisition, virtual design, fabrication, and assembling, overcomes the problems due to the involuntary movements of the patients, which cannot be avoided during the fitting operations, providing comfortable and useful orthoses with minimal nuisance for the patients. Initial tests show that the orthoses were well tolerated by all the subjects; the promising comments of caregivers, together with improvements, were observed by the clinicians using specific clinical scales.
The Use of Virtual Standardized Patients for Practice in High Value Care
Authors: Bond William F. , Mischler Matthew J. , Lynch Teresa J. , Ebert-Allen Rebecca A. , Mou Kyle M. , Aiyer Meenakshy , Park Yoon Soo 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
This study examined the influence of high value care (HVC)-focused virtual standardized patients (VSPs) on learner attitudes toward cost-conscious care (CCC), performance on subsequent standardized patient (SP) encounters, and the correlation of VSP performance with educational outcomes.

Method
After didactic sessions on HVC, third-year medical students participated in a randomized crossover design of simulation modalities consisting of 4 VSPs and 3 SPs. Surveys of attitudes toward CCC were administered before didactics and after the first simulation method. Performance markers included automated VSP grading and, for SP cases, faculty-graded observational checklists and patient notes. Performance was compared between modalities using t tests and analysis of variance and then correlated with US Medical Licensing Examination performance.

Results
Sixty-six students participated (VSP first: n = 37; SP-first: n = 29). Attitudes toward CCC significantly improved after training (Cohen d = 0.35, P = 0.043), regardless of modality. Simulation order did not impact learner performance for SP encounters. Learners randomized to VSP first performed significantly better within VSP cases for interview (Cohen d = 0.55, P = 0.001) and treatment (Cohen d = 0.50, P = 0.043). The HVC component of learner performance on the SP simulations significantly correlated with US Medical Licensing Examination step 1 (r = 0.26, P = 0.038) and step 2 clinical knowledge (r = 0.33, P = 0.031).

Conclusions
High value care didactics combined with either VSPs or SPs positively influenced attitudes toward CCC. The ability to detect an impact of VSPs on learner SP performance was limited by content specificity and sample size.
Electroclinical Features in Epilepsy Surgery Candidates With Epileptic Spasms
Authors: Moosa Ahsan N. , Velayudam Kohila vani , Erdemir Gozde 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Electroclinical features in surgical candidates with epileptic spasms differ significantly from the other focal epilepsy phenotypes. EEG findings tend to be more diffuse and less localizing in children with epileptic spasms. These are illustrated with five case studies to highlight three different categories of findings on interictal and ictal EEG: lateralizing, nonlateralizing, and false lateralizing. Hemihypsarrhythmia on interictal EEG is the most striking lateralizing abnormality that occurs in a minority of surgical candidates. Persistent focal epileptiform discharges in one region or asymmetric physiologic rhythms decreased over the abnormal hemisphere may provide localization clues. Ictal EEG patterns are diffuse and nonlocalizing in over half of the patients. Ictal patterns are best expressed in the posterior head regions even in patients with epileptogenic zone in anterior regions. Semiologically, epileptic spasms tend to be symmetrical in majority of surgical candidates. Asymmetric spasms and coexisting focal seizures (concurrent or remote), when present, may provide localization findings. False lateralizing interictal or ictal EEG abnormalities, paradoxically higher over the healthier hemisphere, occur in the setting of large encephaloclastic/volume loss lesions. In these patients, the diffuse discharges are less expressed over the abnormal hemisphere with less cerebral tissue. Recognition of such false lateralizing findings is important to avoid excluding appropriate surgical candidates based on the EEG findings alone. Epileptogenic lesions are visible on brain MRI in majority of surgical candidates with epileptic spasms. Electroclinical findings are often concordant with the lesion, but discordant findings are not uncommon in children with epileptic spasms.
Historical Overview of Hypsarrhythmia and Its Association to Epileptic Spasms: A Review of the Medical Literature From 1952 to 1982
Authors: Pestana Knight Elia M. , Mani Jayanti 
Published: March 2022

Summary:The initial description of infantile spasms and its association to developmental abnormalities was attributed to Dr. Williams J. West in 1841 but the clinical scenario at the time had also been seen by other physicians. French physician Henry Gastaut proposed the eponym of West syndrome in the 9th Colloquium de Marseille in 1960. The description of hypsarrhythmia in 1952 by Gibbs and Gibbs added the EEG component to the triad of infantile spasms. The hypsarrhythmia discovery led to a sudden interest in understanding the etiology and developing treatments for this devastating disease affecting infants and young children. It was in the 1950s when cases of infantile spasms with absence of hypsarrhythmia were initially observed. Also, the treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone was initially reported as efficacious for treating infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia in the late 1950s. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone remains the best treatment option for these epilepsy types. This article will provide a historical review of knowledge developments about hypsarrhythmia and infantile spasms, emphasizing the period 1952 to 1982. The goal of the article was to highlight clinical elements that were discovered then and remain clinically relevant today.
Existential suffering as a motive for assisted suicide: difficulties, acceptability, management and roles from the perspectives of Swiss professionals
Authors: Gaignard Marie-Estelle , Pautex Sophie , Hurst Samia 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundExistential suffering is often a part of the requests for assisted suicide (AS). Its definitions have gained in clarity recently and refer to a distress arising from an inner realization that life has lost its meaning. There is however a lack of consensus on how to manage existential suffering, especially in a country where AS is legal and little is known about the difficulties faced by professionals confronted with these situations.ObjectivesTo explore the perspectives of Swiss professionals involved in end-of-life care and assisted suicide on the management of existential suffering when it is part of AS requests, taking into account the question of roles, as well as on the difficulties they encounter along the way and their views on the acceptability of existential suffering as a motive for AS.MethodsA qualitative study based on face-to-face interviews was performed among twenty-six participants from the fields of palliative and primary care as well as from EXIT right-to-die organization. A semi-structured interview guide exploring four themes was used. Elements from the grounded theory approach were applied.ResultsAlmost all participants reported experiencing difficulties when facing existential suffering. Two-thirds considered existential suffering as a justifiable reason for requesting AS. Concerning the management of existential suffering, participants referred to the notion of being present, respect, explore the suffering, give meaning, working together, psychological support, spiritual support, relieve physical symptoms and palliative sedation.ConclusionThis study offers a unique opportunity to reflect on what are desirable responses to existential suffering when it is part of AS requests. Existential suffering is plural and certainly implies a multiplicity of responses as well. These situations remain however difficult and controversial according to Swiss professionals. Clinicians’ education should better address these issues and give them the tool to take care of patients with existential suffering.
White Adipose Tissue Compositional and Transcriptional Patterns with Progressive Glucose Intolerance in Persons with HIV
Authors: Bailin Samuel S. , Kropski Jonathan A. , Gangula Rama D. , Hannah LaToya , Simmons Joshua D. , Mashayekhi Mona , Ye Fei , Fan Run , Mallal Simon , Warren Christian M. , Kalams Spyros A. , Gabriel Curtis L. , Wanjalla Celestine N. , Koethe John R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSubcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is a critical regulator of systemic metabolic homeostasis. Persons with HIV (PWH) have an increased risk of metabolic diseases and significant alterations in the SAT immune environment compared with the general population. We generated a comprehensive SAT atlas to characterize cellular compositional and transcriptional changes in 59 PWH with a spectrum of metabolic health. Glucose intolerance was associated with increased lipid-associated macrophages and CD4+and CD8+T effector memory cells, and decreased perivascular macrophages. We observed a coordinated intercellular regulatory program which enriched for genes related to inflammation and lipid-processing across multiple cell types as glucose intolerance increased. Increased CD4+effector memory tissue resident cells most strongly associated with altered expression of adipocyte genes critical for lipid metabolism and cellular regulation. Many of these findings were present in a separate group of 32 diabetic HIV-negative persons, suggesting these changes are not specific to HIV.