bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-operative Monitoring for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction in the Era of Resident Duty Hour Restrictions: A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing 2 Monitoring Protocols
Authors: Anagnos Vincent J. , Brody Robert M. , Carey Ryan M. , De Ravin Emma , Tasche Kendall K. , Newman Jason G. , Shanti Rabie M. , Chalian Ara A. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Weinstein Gregory S. , O’Malley Bert W. , Cannady, MD Steven B. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To determine whether 2 different methods of post-operative head and neck free flap monitoring affect flap failure and complication rates. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 803 free flaps performed for head and neck reconstruction by the same microvascular surgeon between July 2013 and July 2020 at 2 separate hospitals within the same healthcare system. Four-hundred ten free flaps (51%) were performed at Hospital A, a medical center where flap checks were performed at frequent, scheduled intervals by in-house resident physicians and nurses; 393 free flaps (49%) were performed at Hospital B, a medical center where flap checks were performed regularly by nursing staff with resident physician evaluation as needed. Total free flap failure, partial free flap failure, and complications (consisting of wound infection, fistula, and reoperation within 1 month) were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences between Hospitals A and B when comparing rates of total free flap failure, partial free flap failure, complication, or re-operation ( P = .27, P = .66, P = .65, P = .29, respectively). There were no significant differences in urgent re-operation rates for flap compromise secondary to thrombosis and hematoma ( P = .54). Conclusions: In our series, free flap outcomes did not vary based on the degree of flap monitoring by resident physicians. This data supports the ability of a high-volume, well-trained, nursing-led flap monitoring program to detect flap compromise in an efficient fashion while limiting resident physician obligations in the age of resident duty hour restrictions.
Effects of Baby Swimming on Motor and Cognitive Development: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Borioni Federica , Biino Valentina , Tinagli Valeria , Pesce Caterina 
Published: April 2022

Contact with water, even from birth, may be an important experience for child development. In this work, we aimed to investigate if baby swimming might influence infant development in motor and cognitive domains. We assigned infants to either a 10-week baby swimming intervention ( n = 12; M age = 13 months ( SD) = 7) or a control group ( n = 15; M age = 22 months ( SD) = 6). We assessed motor development with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (2nd edition, PDMS-2) and cognitive development with core tests of executive functions: delayed response for working memory, object retrieval for inhibition, and A-not-B for response shifting. Non-parametric analyses revealed that infants in the baby-swimming group improved in gross, fine, and total motor skills, and showed marginally better inhibition speed and shifting accuracy, with associated gains of shifting accuracy and fine and total motor skills. Even with in this small-sized convenience sample, this pilot study revealed promising benefits from baby swimming on motor development that warrant further study. This preliminary work paves the way for replication and illustrates what effect sizes may be expected in sufficiently powered well-designed follow-up research targeted to aid the joint development of motor and cognitive skills as early as infancy.
Acute treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan increases social approach behaviour but does not activate serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus in juvenile male BALB/c mice: A model of human disorders with deficits of sociability
Authors: Russo Adrian M , Payet Jennyfer M , Kent Stephen , Lesku John A , Lowry Christopher A , Hale Matthew W 
Published: April 2022

Background: The BALB/c mouse has been proposed as a model of human psychiatric disorders characterised by elevated anxiety and altered sociability. Juvenile BALB/c mice show decreased social exploratory behaviour, increased anxiety, and reduced brain serotonin synthesis compared to other strains including C57BL/6J mice. Aim: To determine whether supplementation of brain serotonin synthesis alters social behaviour and activation of serotonergic neurons across subregions of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) in BALB/c mice. Methods: Juvenile male BALB/c mice were assigned to one of four treatment conditions: vehicle/vehicle, carbidopa (25 mg/kg)/vehicle, vehicle/5-HTP (10 mg/kg), carbidopa (25 mg/kg)/5-HTP (10 mg/kg). Social behaviour was measured using the three-chamber social approach test, followed by immunohistochemical staining for TPH2 and c-Fos to measure activation of serotonergic neurons across subregions of the DR. Results: Mice treated with carbidopa/5-HTP spent more time in the social cage zone and covered more distance in the social approach test compared to other treatment groups. There was no difference between treatment groups in the activation of serotonergic neurons across subregions of the DR. However, the DRD was associated with increased social approach behaviour in carbidopa/5-HTP treated animals. Conclusions: Supplementation of serotonin synthesis can increase social approach behaviour in juvenile BALB/c mice. An increase in locomotor behaviour was also observed suggesting that increasing central serotonin synthesis may have led to a reduction in state anxiety, manifesting in increased exploratory behaviour. As no effect on serotonergic activation within the DR was found, alternative mechanisms are likely important for the effects of 5-HTP on social behaviour.
Development and Evaluation of a Blended Learning Mindfulness Program for High School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kang Mi-Jung , Kim Hyunsook 
Published: April 2022

Many adolescents worldwide suffer from stress or unhealthy emotional states such as depression. There is a trend toward limited physical contact via social distancing practices that developed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. An experimental study aimed at investigating the effects of a mindfulness program on stress, concentration, self-esteem, and self-control in high school students. A 10-week mindfulness intervention was provided to the experimental group (n = 89) from September-November 2020, while the control group (n = 89) received general health education. Four weeks after the program, the experimental group showed reduced stress and improved concentration, self-esteem, and self-control compared to baseline. The blended learning mindfulness program is effective improving concentration and should be incorporated into the formal high school curriculum.
The effect of extraction of the lower first permanent molar on the developing third molar in children
Authors: Murphy Ian , Noar Joseph , Parekh Susan , Ashley Paul 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To find the effect of extraction of the lower first permanent molar in children (aged 8–11 years) on the position and angle of the developing third molar. Design: Retrospective radiographic analysis. Participants: Two cohorts of participants were identified: an extraction group, who had extraction of one or more first permanent molars aged 8–11 years; and a non-extraction group, who retained all mandibular teeth. Both cohorts previously had panoramic radiographs taken at mean ages of 9.7 years (T1), before extraction, and 12.12 years (T2). In total, there were 61 third molars with an associated extracted first permanent molar and 60 third molars with an associated retained first permanent molar. Methods: A digital radiographic analysis was carried out on the panoramic radiographs to measure the movement of the third molar, vertically and horizontally, and its angle. The magnification of the T1 and T2 radiographs was calibrated. Reliability of the radiographic analysis was confirmed via intra- and inter-rater reliability tests. The extraction and non-extraction groups were compared via independent sample tests Results: The third molar moved significantly more mesial in the extraction group ( P < 0.001) and the angle uprighted significantly more than the non-extraction group ( P < 0.001). Vertically, the third molar moved inferiorly in both cohorts with no significant difference. Conclusion: In the developing dentition, extraction of the lower first permanent molar encouraged mesial movement and uprighting of the developing third molar. This may improve the likelihood of future eruption of the third molar.
Endovascular Treatment of the Ruptured Pseudoaneurysm of Common Femoral Artery in Behcet’s Disease: Report of a Case with Four Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Jalili Javad , Ebrahiminik Hojat , Zafarani Fatemeh , Akhavi Milani Ali 
Published: April 2022

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a vasculitic condition that affects arteries and veins of all sizes. Arterial pseudoaneurysm is a rare but life-threatening complication of BD. We reported a 41-year-old man with 20 years history of BD and 5 years history of bilateral blindness. The patient presented with sudden onset of pain and swelling in his left groin and was diagnosed with the ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the left common femoral artery (CFA), which extended into the origins of superficial and deep femoral arteries. The patient was in the active phase of BD; therefore, he was initially treated with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide pulse therapies and subsequently underwent stent graft placement. Post stenting angiography and postprocedural ultrasonography confirmed the successful exclusion of pseudoaneurysm without any evident complication. Four years of follow-up was uneventful.
Trends in inequality in the coverage of vitamin A supplementation among children 6–59 months of age over two decades in Ethiopia: Evidence from demographic and health surveys
Authors: Zegeye Betregiorgis , Olorunsaiye Comfort Z , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Budu Eugene , Yaya Sanni 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: There is a dearth of evidence on inequalities in vitamin A supplementation in Ethiopia. The goal of this study was to assess the magnitude and overtime changes of inequalities in vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. Methods: We extracted data from four waves of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016). The analysis was carried out using the 2019 updated World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit software that facilitates the use of stored data from World Health Organization’s Health Equity Monitor Database. We conducted analysis of inequality in vitamin A supplementation by five equity stratifiers: household economic status, educational status, place of residence, child’s sex, and subnational region. Four summary measures—population attributable fraction, ratio, difference, and population attributable risk—were assessed. We computed 95% uncertainty intervals for each point estimate to ascertain statistical significance of the observed vitamin A supplementation inequalities and overtime disparities. Results: The findings suggest marked absolute and relative pro-rich (population attributable fraction = 29.51, 95% uncertainty interval; 25.49–33.53, population attributable risk = 13.18, 95% uncertainty intervals; 11.38–14.98) and pro-urban (difference = 16.55, 95% uncertainty intervals; 11.23–21.87, population attributable fraction = 32.95, 95% uncertainty intervals; 32.12–33.78) inequalities. In addition, we found education-related (population attributable risk = 18.95, 95% uncertainty intervals; 18.22–19.67, ratio = 1.54, 95% uncertainty intervals; 1.37–1.71), and subnational regional (difference = 38.56, 95% uncertainty intervals; 29.57–47.54, ratio = 2.10, 95% uncertainty intervals; 1.66–2.54) inequalities that favored children from educated subgroups and those living in some regions such as Tigray. However, no sex-based inequalities were observed. While constant pattern was observed in subnational regional disparities, mixed but increasing patterns of socioeconomic and urban–rural inequalities were observed in the most recent surveys (2011–2016). Conclusion: In this study, we found extensive socioeconomic and geographic-based disparities that favored children from advantaged subgroups such as those whose mothers were educated, lived in the richest/richer households, resided in urban areas, and from regions like Tigray. Government policies and programs should prioritize underprivileged subpopulations and empower women as a means to increase national coverage and achieve universal accessibility of vitamin A supplementation.
Diagnostic value of the abnormal digital rectal examination in the modern MRI-based prostate cancer diagnostic pathway
Authors: Sajjad Wasiq , Thankappannair Vineetha , Shah Syed , Ahmed Adham , Saeb-Parsy Kasra , Kastner Christof , Lamb Benjamin , Gnanapragasam Vincent J 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Currently the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) as a standalone referral criterion for suspected prostate cancer. Unlike referrals for a raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which are triaged directly to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an abnormal DRE requires re-examination in a secondary clinic first. Here, we investigated the ongoing value of the abnormal DRE as a referral criterion. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of patients referred to secondary care for suspected prostate cancer based on an abnormal DRE over a 15-month period at a single UK hospital ( n = 158). Age, PSA, primary and repeat DRE findings and eventual diagnosis were collated. Results: A concurrent raised PSA was present in 65/158 (41%). Concordance between primary and secondary care DRE was only 72/158 (46%). The overall and significant cancer detection rate was 26/158 (16%) and 22/158 (14%), respectively. Among men with a concurrent raised PSA, 19/65 (29%) had significant cancer found, whereas with an abnormal primary care DRE and normal PSA ( n = 93), only 3/93 (3%) had a significant cancer. Mandating a PSA before referral for an abnormal DRE would have redirected 65/158 (41%) of men to MRI first, negating the need for a repeat DRE ( p < 0.0001). This finding was recapitulated in a second prospective validation cohort ( n = 30) with 9/30 (30%) redirected to MRI first. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to investigate the value of the DRE in contemporary practice. We propose that PSA is used to triage men with an abnormal DRE to MRI without needing a repeat DRE. If the PSA is normal, the diagnostic yield is low but may still warrant a repeat DRE to assess the need for further investigations. Additional multi-centre studies are required to further validate our findings. Level of evidence: 4
Exploring Romantic Relationship Patterns among Turkish Emerging Adults: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Uçar Semra , Demir İlkay 
Published: April 2022

For the current study, a grounded theory methodology was utilized to generate a substantive theory that illustrates Turkish emerging adults’ different romantic experiences. The study participants were 25 emerging adults (12 female, 13 male), ages ranging from 19 to 26 years. The data analysis revealed four romantic patterns namely, balanced intimacy, learning intimacy, high-dependent intimacy, and lack of intimacy. The findings of the current study contribute to research on romantic relationship models by suggesting that the romantic self-descriptions, connection with the family and the culture, and meaning of past romantic experiences conjointly generate the four different romantic patterns among emerging adults. Furthermore, results suggest that Turkish emerging adults’ romantic experiences show many developmental similarities with their western counterparts while maintaining unique cultural characteristics.
Oculomotor nerve palsy and retinal artery occlusion after an orbital blow out fracture
Authors: Gómez Vicenç J , Reche-Sainz Jose Alberto , Mejía-Nieto María , Olavarria-Montes Eduardo , Sanchez-Aniceto Gregorio 
Published: April 2022

A 38 year-old female suffered an orbital blow out fracture and oculomotor palsy due to blunt orbital trauma. After surgical treatment she developed an occlusion of the superior temporal branch of the central retinal artery. At 6 month follow-up, the oculomotor palsy was resolved and visual acuity improved, but with a residual left inferior scotoma.
Reactivation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis with posterior segment manifestations following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Mahendradas Padmamalini , Mishra Sai Bhakti , Mangla Rubble , Sanjay Srinivasan , Kawali Ankush , Shetty Rohit , Dharmanand Balebail 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background/purpose
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in the pediatric population and anterior uveitis is its commonest extra-articular manifestation. Typically the uveitis presents as chronic anterior uveitis and there is limited literature of the posterior segment manifestations of the disease. Similar to other vaccines, anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination that began as an urgent measure to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has not been without adverse events. We are reporting a 19-year-old Asian Indian female who was diagnosed and treated for JIA associated anterior uveitis that was unilateral and was under anti-inflammatory control but showed worsening of uveitis with posterior segment inflammation in both eyes following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Case report
A 19-year-old Asian Indian female with a history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis on treatment with methotrexate, presented with right eye chronic anterior uveitis with peripheral subclinical retinal vasculitis and macular edema which was brought under control following administration of adalimumab. She was inflammation free for 6 months until she received anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and developed new onset floaters in both eyes that were initially noted after the first dose and increased after the second dose. Clinical examination revealed presence of keratic precipitates and grade 1+ anterior chamber inflammation along with vitiritis in both eyes. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed angiographically active retinal vasculitis without the presence of macular edema in both eyes. This was managed with a short course of topical difluprednate and continuation of systemic immunosuppressive therapy with adalimumab and methotrexate.

Conclusion
JIA associated uveitis results from an autoimmune process which can be controlled with timely immunosuppressive treatment. It is important to be aware of the potential risk of flare up of uveitis with posterior segment manifestations following anti- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Prevalence and characterization of Ice Nucleation Active (INA) bacteria from rainwater in Indonesia
Authors: Khosasih Vivia , Prasetyo Niko , Sudianto Edi , Waturangi Diana Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria are a group of microorganisms that can act as biological nucleator due to their ice nucleation protein property. Unfortunately, little is known about their prevalence and characteristics in tropical areas including Indonesia. Here, we monitor the presence of INA bacteria in rainwater and air samples collected from Jakarta, Tangerang and several areas in Western Java, Indonesia for one year. We further identify and characterize selected Class A of INA bacteria isolated from these areas.

Results
Most of the INA bacteria were isolated from rainwater samples collected during March–August 2010, particularly from Jakarta, Bandung, and Tangerang. A total of 1,902 bacterial isolates were recovered from these area. We found a limited number of bacterial isolates from air sampling. From ice nucleation activity assays, 101 INA isolates were found active as ice nucleator at a temperature above -10 °C. A large majority (73 isolates) of them are classified as Class C (active below -8 °C), followed by Class A (26 isolates; active at -2 to -5 °C) and Class B (two isolates; active at -5 to -8 °C). We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene of 18 Class A INA isolates and identified 15 isolates as Enterobacteriaceae, while the remaining three as Pseudomonadaceae. The vast majority of our Class A INA isolates were likely Pantoea spp. with several isolates were deduced as either Pseudomonas, Cronobacter, and Klebsiella. We found that these 18 Class A INA isolates had acquired resistance to antibiotics erythromycin and ampicillin, which are considered two critically important antibiotics.

Conclusions
Our results showed that the prevalence of INA bacterial population varies across locations and seasons. Furthermore, our isolates were dominated by Class A and C INA bacteria. This study also cautions regarding the spread of antibiotic resistance among INA bacteria.
Determinants and disparities in access to paediatricians in Poland
Authors: Zienkiewicz Tadeusz , Klatka Maria , Zienkiewicz Ewa , Klatka Janusz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that determine the differences in the distribution and workload of paediatricians in Poland. This research, specific to conditions found within Poland, will help further advance knowledge in this area. Data were derived from the database of Statistics Poland. The level of convergence of the phenomenon studied was analysed. The paediatricians' accessibility index was ascertained and its spatial diversity examined. The level of correlation of patients treated per paediatrician was analysed in relation to indices of urbanisation, availability of paediatricians and disposable income.

Results
A moderate variation of patients treated per paediatrician was found and the conditional convergence of the investigated phenomenon observed. A close negative association between the number of patients treated and access to paediatricians (-0.686, p = 0.005) was revealed.

Conclusions
The research suggests that socioeconomic factors may affect the uneven spatial distribution of the workload of paediatricians in Poland and cause differences between the provinces in the equal access to paediatricians. This research may thus provide implications for policy and practice as well as lead to a better understanding of the problem.