bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of functional disability and behavioural risk factors with social participation of older adults: a cross-sectional analysis from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Raina Parminder , Ali Muhammad Usman , Joshi Divya , Gilsing Anne , Mayhew Alexandra , Thompson Mary , Griffith Lauren E 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo examine: (1) the associations of functional disability and behavioural risk factors with social participation; and (2) whether the association between functional disability and social participation is modified by co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.SettingA national stratified sample of 51 388 individuals living in the 10 Canadian provinces at the time of baseline data collection (2011–2015).ParticipantsParticipants included men and women aged 45–85 years and residing in the communities in the 10 Canadian provinces.Outcome measuresSocial participation was assessed using frequency of participant involvement in eight different social activities in the past 12 months. Responses for each category were converted into number of days per month. Total social participation score (range: 0–180) was based on summing frequencies over all eight activities representing number of social activities per month.ResultsFunctional disability was associated with participating in fewer social activities (difference in mean total social participation score, b=−1.1, 95% CI −1.5 to –0.7). In comparison to no behavioural risk factors, presence of any one (b=−2.7, 95% CI −3.1 to –2.3), any two (b=−4.6, 95% CI −5.0 to –4.2), any three (b=−6.3, 95% CI −6.8 to –5.9) and all four (b=−7.8, 95% CI −9.0 to –6.6) behavioural risk factors was associated with lower social participation. The association between functional disability and social participation was modified by the presence of behavioural risk factors with the lowest social participation observed for adults with disability and all four behavioural risk factors (b=−4.3, 95% CI −7.5 to –1.2).ConclusionsIndividuals with functional disabilities and behavioural risk factors are more likely to experience restrictions in social participation. Public health interventions that encourage healthy lifestyle behaviours may help mitigate the impact of functional disabilities on social participation in the ageing population.
Effect of physical exercise cessation on strength, functional, metabolic and structural outcomes in older adults: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Buendía-Romero Ángel , Vetrovsky Tomas , Estévez-López Fernando , Courel-Ibáñez Javier 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThere is not a doubt that tailored exercise is an effective non-pharmacological approach for preventing, mitigating and even reversing ageing-related alterations. However, older adults are likely to experience prolonged periods of inactivity and training cessation periods as a consequence of falls or hospitalisation. Although recent evidence supports that exercise could have a protective effect and help in recovering, there is to date a lack of consensus about what kind of physical exercise prescription and training duration would produce better outcomes after training cessation periods. The current study will determine the effects that available exercise prescriptions produced in older adults in preserving physical conditioning following inactivity periods.Methods and analysisA systematic search of the literature will be conducted in three databases, namely PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, from inception to 1 February 2021. Only randomised controlled trials written in English or Spanish will be eligible. No year of publication restriction will be applied. Eligible studies will contain information on population (older adults over 60 years old), intervention (inactivity period, exercise programme their duration), comparator (treatment as usual or waiting list) and outcomes (strength, functional capacity, metabolic health and skeletal muscle structure). Two independent reviewers will (1) search, screen and select studies, (2) extract data about their main characteristics and (3) evaluate their methodological and reporting quality. When disagreements emerge, the reviewers will discuss to reach a consensus. We plan to conduct meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesise the effects under study.Ethics and disseminationAs systematic reviews use publicly available data, no formal ethical review and approval are needed. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal(s) and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021235092.
Characteristics and management of adolescents attending the ED with fever: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Borensztajn Dorine , Hagedoorn Nienke N , Carrol Enitan , von Both Ulrich , Dewez Juan Emmanuel , Emonts Marieke , van der Flier Michiel , de Groot Ronald , Herberg Jethro , Kohlmaier Benno , Levin Michael , Lim Emma , Maconochie Ian , Martinon Torres Federico , Nijman Ruud , Pokorn Marko , Rivero-Calle Irene , Tsolia Maria , Vermont Clementien , Zavadska Dace , Zenz Werner , Zachariasse Joany , Moll Henriette A 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveMost studies on febrile children have focused on infants and young children with serious bacterial infection (SBI). Although population studies have described an increased risk of sepsis in adolescents, little is known about febrile adolescents attending the emergency department (ED). We aimed to describe patient characteristics and management of febrile adolescents attending the ED.Design and settingThe MOFICHE/PERFORM study (Management and Outcome of Febrile Children in Europe/Personalised Risk assessment in Febrile illness to Optimise Real-life Management across the European Union), a prospective multicentre study, took place at 12 European EDs. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were performed, comparing febrile adolescents (12–18 years) with younger children in terms of patient characteristics, markers of disease severity (vital signs, clinical alarming signs), management (diagnostic tests, therapy, admission) and diagnosis (focus, viral/bacterial infection).Results37 420 encounters were included, of which 2577 (6.9%) were adolescents. Adolescents were more often triaged as highly urgent (38.9% vs 34.5%) and described as ill appearing (23.1% vs 15.6%) than younger children. Increased work of breathing and a non-blanching rash were present less often in adolescents, while neurological signs were present more often (1% vs 0%). C reactive protein tests were performed more frequently in adolescents and were more often abnormal (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 1.9). Adolescents were more often diagnosed with SBI (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.0) and sepsis/meningitis (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.0) and were more frequently admitted (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.4) and treated with intravenous antibiotics (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.0).ConclusionsAlthough younger children presented to the ED more frequently, adolescents were more often diagnosed with SBI and sepsis/meningitis. Our data emphasise the importance of awareness of severe infections in adolescents.
Randomised trial estimating length of endotracheal tube insertion using gestational age or nasal-tragus length in newborns: a study protocol
Authors: Razak Abdul , Faden Maheer , Alghamdi Jameel , Binmanee Abdulaziz , Alonazi Abdullah Hawash , Hamdoun Anas , Almugaiteeb Saud , Patel Waseemoddin , Katar Hamdi , Lora Fabian , Alismail Abdullah , Lavery Adrian , Hamama Ibrahim , Alsaleem Noura , Alshaikh Manal , Alrasheed Lama , Aldibasi Omar 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionEndotracheal tube (ETT) insertion depth estimation is important for optimal placement of ETT tip and balanced ventilation of the lungs. Various methods are available to determine the ETT insertion depth. The Neonatal Resuscitation Programme recommends the gestational age and nasal-tragus length (NTL) methods for estimating ETT insertion depth during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, the prospective data comparing these two methods is lacking.Methods and analysisThis is an open-label multi-centre randomised controlled trial, where gestational age and NTL methods will be used to determine the initial ETT insertion depth in term and preterm infants that are less than 28 days old, requiring oral intubation in the delivery room or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Sites and sample sizeThe trial is aimed to recruit 454 infants over 3 years across tertiary level NICUs.OutcomesThe primary outcome includes an optimally positioned ETT, defined as an ETT tip between the upper border of the first thoracic vertebra and the lower border of the second thoracic vertebra. The outcome is assessed by a paediatric radiologist, who will be masked to the group assignment. Secondary outcomes are malpositioned ETT tips, pneumothorax, ETT repositioning, chronic lung disease, invasive ventilation days, and death.AnalysisData will be analysed using the intention-to-treat principle. The primary and categorical secondary outcomes will be compared using the χ2 test. Adjusted risk ratios of outcomes will be calculated along with 95% CIs through multivariable logistic regression analysis, including covariates deemed biologically to influence the outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the PNU Research Ethics Board (20-0148) and the respective ethical review boards of the participating centres. The results will be disseminated through conference meetings, social media platforms, and publications in scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT04393337.
Sacrifice and solidarity: a qualitative study of family experiences of death and bereavement in critical care settings during the pandemic
Authors: Dennis Brittany , Vanstone Meredith , Swinton Marilyn , Brandt Vegas Daniel , Dionne Joanna C , Cheung Andrew , Clarke France J , Hoad Neala , Boyle Anne , Huynh Jessica , Toledo Feli , Soth Mark , Neville Thanh H , Fiest Kirsten , Cook Deborah J 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPandemic-related restrictions are expected to continue to shape end-of-life care and impact the experiences of dying hospitalised patients and their families.ObjectiveTo understand families’ experiences of loss and bereavement during and after the death of their loved one amidst the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.DesignQualitative descriptive study.SettingThree acute care units in a Canadian tertiary care hospital.ParticipantsFamily members of 28 hospitalised patients who died from March–July 2020.Main outcome measuresQualitative semistructured interviews conducted 6–16 months after patient death inquired about family experiences before and beyond the death of their loved one and garnered suggestions to improve end-of-life care.ResultsPandemic restrictions had consequences for families of dying hospitalised patients. Most family members described an attitude of acquiescence, some framing their experience as a sacrifice made for the public good. Families appreciated how clinicians engendered trust in the name of social solidarity while trying to mitigate the negative impact of family separation. However, fears about the patient’s experience of isolation and changes to postmortem rituals also created despair and contributed to long-lasting grief.ConclusionProfound loss and enduring grief were described by family members whose final connections to their loved one were constrained by pandemic circumstances. Families observed solidarity among clinical staff and experienced a sense of unity with staff, which alleviated some distress. Their suggestions to improve end-of-life care given pandemic restrictions included frequent, flexible communication, exceptions for family presence when safe, and targeted efforts to connect patients whose isolation is intensified by functional impairment or limited technological access.Trial registration numberNCT04602520; Results.
Oral water-soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction: open label pilot study
Authors: Wan Bahrum Wan Fadzrul Izuan Bin , Hardy Janet , Foster Karyn , Good Phillip 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesMalignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common, challenging condition in advanced cancer. Oral water-soluble contrast medium (Gastrografin) has been used in the management of MBO without quality studies of its effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and adverse effects of Gastrografin in patients with MBO and to assess feasibility of the study protocol.MethodsA prospective, interventional, single-arm, open label study of Gastrografin across two centres. Patients with unresolved inoperable MBO after 24 hours of conservative medical management were given a single dose of 100 mL of oral Gastrografin.ResultsOver 33 months, 69 individual patients were screened. Of the 20 recruited, 17 completed study assessments (85%). MBO resolved in 10 of 17 patients (59%). Gastrografin passed through to the rectum in 14 patients (78%). The most common adverse effects were diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain.ConclusionsPatient recruitment took longer than anticipated, but the study protocol is feasible. Gastrografin was found to be a relatively effective option for the treatment of MBO. An adeqautely powered randomised controlled trial is needed to formally assess the efficacy and safety of Gastrografin© in MBO.
Early dietitian referral in lung cancer: use of machine learning
Authors: Chung Michael , Phillips Iain , Allan Lindsey , Westran Naomi , Hug Adele , Evans Philip M 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThe Dietetic Assessment and Intervention in Lung Cancer (DAIL) study was an observational cohort study. It triaged the need for dietetic input in patients with lung cancer, using questionnaires with 137 responses. This substudy tested if machine learning could predict need to see a dietitian (NTSD) using 5 or 10 measures.Methods76 cases from DAIL were included (Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust; RSH: 56, Frimley Park Hospital; FPH 20). Univariate analysis was used to find the strongest correlates with NTSD and ‘critical need to see a dietitian’ CNTSD. Those with a Spearman correlation above ±0.4 were selected to train a support vector machine (SVM) to predict NTSD and CNTSD. The 10 and 5 best correlates were evaluated.Results18 and 13 measures had a correlation above ±0.4 for NTSD and CNTSD, respectively, producing SVMs with 3% and 7% misclassification error. 10 measures yielded errors of 7% (NTSD) and 9% (CNTSD). 5 measures yielded between 7% and 11% errors. SVM trained on the RSH data and tested on the FPH data resulted in errors of 20%.ConclusionsMachine learning can predict NTSD producing misclassification errors <10%. With further work, this methodology allows integrated early referral to a dietitian independently of a healthcare professional.
Spatial analysis of tobacco outlet density on secondhand smoke exposure and asthma health among children in Baltimore City
Authors: Kaviany Parisa , Senter James Paul , Collaco Joseph Michael , Corrigan Anne E , Brigham Emily , Wood Megan , Woo Han , Liu Chen , Koehl Rachelle , Galiatsatos Panagis , Koehler Kirsten , Hansel Nadia , McCormack Meredith 
Published: January 2022

RationaleTobacco outlets are concentrated in low-income neighbourhoods; higher tobacco outlet density is associated with increased smoking prevalence. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has significant detrimental effects on childhood asthma. We hypothesised there was an association between higher tobacco outlet density, indoor air pollution and worse childhood asthma.MethodsBaseline data from a home intervention study of 139 children (8–17 years) with asthma in Baltimore City included residential air nicotine monitoring, paired with serum cotinine and asthma control assessment. Participant addresses and tobacco outlets were geocoded and mapped. Multivariable regression modelling was used to describe the relationships between tobacco outlet density, SHS exposure and asthma control.ResultsWithin a 500 m radius of each participant home, there were on average six tobacco outlets. Each additional tobacco outlet in a 500 m radius was associated with a 12% increase in air nicotine (p<0.01) and an 8% increase in serum cotinine (p=0.01). For every 10-fold increase in air nicotine levels, there was a 0.25-point increase in Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire (ATAQ) score (p=0.01), and for every 10-fold increase in serum cotinine levels, there was a 0.54-point increase in ATAQ score (p<0.05).ConclusionsIncreased tobacco outlet density is associated with higher levels of bedroom air nicotine and serum cotinine. Increasing levels of SHS exposure (air nicotine and serum cotinine) are associated with less controlled childhood asthma. In Baltimore City, the health of children with asthma is adversely impacted in neighbourhoods where tobacco outlets are concentrated. The implications of our findings can inform community-level interventions to address these health disparities.
Harm reduction for smokers with little to no quit interest: can tobacco policies encourage switching to e-cigarettes?
Authors: Buckell John , Fucito Lisa M , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , O'Malley Stephanie , Sindelar Jody L 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveA pressing tobacco policy concern is how to help smokers who have little interest in quitting cigarettes, a group that often suffers severe health consequences. By switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes, they could obtain nicotine, potentially with less harm. We examined if policy-relevant attributes of cigarettes/e-cigarettes might encourage these smokers to switch to e-cigarettes.MethodsAn online survey and discrete choice experiment on a nationally-representative sample of adult smokers in the US who reported low interest in quitting (n=2000). We modelled preference heterogeneity using a latent class, latent variable model. We simulated policies that could encourage switching to e-cigarettes.ResultsParticipants formed two latent classes: (1) those with very strong preferences for their own cigarettes; and (2) those whose choices were more responsive to policies. The latter group’s choices were only somewhat responsive to menthol cigarette bans and taxes; the former group’s choices were unresponsive.ConclusionsThe policies studied seem unlikely to encourage harm reduction for individuals with little interest in quitting smoking.
Singlet channel scattering in a composite Higgs model on the lattice
Authors: Drach Vincent , Fritzsch Patrick , Rago Antonio , Romero-López Fernando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present the first calculation of the scattering amplitude in the singlet channel beyond QCD. The calculation is performed in SU(2) gauge theory with $$N_f=2$$

N
f

=
2

fundamental Dirac fermions and based on a finite-volume scattering formalism. The theory exhibits a $$SU(4) \rightarrow Sp(4)$$

S
U
(
4
)
→
S
p
(
4
)

chiral symmetry breaking pattern that is used to design minimal composite Higgs models currently tested at the LHC. Our results show that, for the range of underlying fermion mass considered, the lowest flavour singlet state is stable.
Subversion of Serotonin Receptor Signaling in Osteoblasts by Kynurenine Drives Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Galán-Díez Marta , Borot Florence , Ali Abdullah Mahmood , Zhao Junfei , Gil-Iturbe Eva , Shan Xiaochuan , Luo Na , Liu Yongfeng , Huang Xi-Ping , Bisikirska Brygida , Labella Rossella , Kurland Irwin , Roth Bryan L. , Quick Matthias , Mukherjee Siddhartha , Rabadán Raul , Carroll Martin , Raza Azra , Kousteni Stavroula 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Remodeling of the microenvironment by tumor cells can activate pathways that favor cancer growth. Molecular delineation and targeting of such malignant-cell nonautonomous pathways may help overcome resistance to targeted therapies. Herein we leverage genetic mouse models, patient-derived xenografts, and patient samples to show that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exploits peripheral serotonin signaling to remodel the endosteal niche to its advantage. AML progression requires the presence of serotonin receptor 1B (HTR1B) in osteoblasts and is driven by AML-secreted kynurenine, which acts as an oncometabolite and HTR1B ligand. AML cells utilize kynurenine to induce a proinflammatory state in osteoblasts that, through the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), acts in a positive feedback loop on leukemia cells by increasing expression of IDO1—the rate-limiting enzyme for kynurenine synthesis—thereby enabling AML progression. This leukemia–osteoblast cross-talk, conferred by the kynurenine–HTR1B–SAA–IDO1 axis, could be exploited as a niche-focused therapeutic approach against AML, opening new avenues for cancer treatment.

Significance:
AML remains recalcitrant to treatments due to the emergence of resistant clones. We show a leukemia-cell nonautonomous progression mechanism that involves activation of a kynurenine–HTR1B–SAA–IDO1 axis between AML cells and osteoblasts. Targeting the niche by interrupting this axis can be pharmacologically harnessed to hamper AML progression and overcome therapy resistance.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873
Варијантност лингвистичке терминологије у србистици код именовања лексике преузете из словенских језика
Authors: Јанковић [Janković] Јелена [Jelena] Драгослав [Dragoslav] 
Published: January 2022

Variance of Serbian Linguistic Terms for Naming Lexemes Borrowed from Slavic LanguagesThis article provides an overview of Serbian linguistic terms for naming lexemes borrowed from Slavic languages. The terms were extracted from the reference linguistic sources in which they are mentioned, such as encyclopedic dictionaries of the linguistic terminology of the Serbian language and the latest Правопис српскога језика [Orthographic Rules of the Serbian Language], and from previous Serbian literature, such as monographs, studies and articles by various Serbian linguists. Considering the entire extracted material, the study notes terminological problems concerning the variance and inconsistency of linguistic terms in this area. It also makes a comparison with linguistic terms in other Slavic languages, based on the material from the Dictionary of Slavonic Linguistic Terminology and the Slavic Bibliographic Database iSybislaw. Wariantywność serbskich terminów językoznawczych na określenie leksemów zapożyczonych z języków słowiańskichNiniejszy artykuł przedstawia serbskie terminy językoznawcze określające leksemy zapożyczone z języków słowiańskich. Omawiane terminy pochodzą ze źródeł językoznawczych, w których się pojawiają, takich jak encyklopedyczne słowniki serbskiej terminologii językoznawczej czy najnowszy Правопис српскога језика [Zasady ortograficzne języka serbskiego], oraz z serbskiej literatury przedmiotu, np. monografii, studiów i artykułów serbskich językoznawców. W odniesieniu do całości analizowanego materiału, opracowanie zwraca uwagę na problemy terminologiczne związane z wariantywnością i niespójnością terminów językoznawczych w tym zakresie. Dokonuje również porównania z terminami w innych językach słowiańskich na podstawie materiału ze słownika pod redakcją Aloisa Jedlički (Slovník slovanské lingvistické terminologie / Словарь славянской лингвистической терминологии / Dictionary of Slavonic Linguistic Terminology) oraz bibliograficznej bazy danych iSybislaw.