bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threat learning impairs subsequent associative inference
Authors: de Vries Olivier T. , Grasman Raoul P. P. P. , Kindt Merel , van Ast Vanessa A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite it being widely acknowledged that the most important function of memory is to facilitate the prediction of significant events in a complex world, no studies to date have investigated how our ability to infer associations across distinct but overlapping experiences is affected by the inclusion of threat memories. To address this question, participants (n = 35) encoded neutral predictive associations (A → B). The following day these memories were reactivated by pairing B with a new aversive or neutral outcome (B → CTHREAT/NEUTRAL) while pupil dilation was measured as an index of emotional arousal. Then, again 1 day later, the accuracy of indirect associations (A → C?) was tested. Associative inferences involving a threat learning memory were impaired whereas the initial memories were retroactively strengthened, but these effects were not moderated by pupil dilation at encoding. These results imply that a healthy memory system may compartmentalize episodic information of threat, and so hinders its recall when cued only indirectly. Malfunctioning of this process may cause maladaptive linkage of negative events to distant and benign memories, and thereby contribute to the development of clinical intrusions and anxiety.
A large-scale dataset reveals taxonomic and functional specificities of wild bee communities in urban habitats of Western Europe
Authors: Fauviau Arthur , Baude Mathilde , Bazin Nicolas , Fiordaliso William , Fisogni Alessandro , Fortel Laura , Garrigue Joseph , Geslin Benoît , Goulnik Jérémie , Guilbaud Laurent , Hautekèete Nina , Heiniger Charlène , Kuhlmann Michael , Lambert Olivier , Langlois Dominique , Le Féon Violette , Lopez Vaamonde Carlos , Maillet Grégory , Massol François , Michel Nadia , Michelot-Antalik Alice , Michez Denis , Mouret Hugues , Piquot Yves , Potts Simon G. , Roberts Stuart , Ropars Lise , Schurr Lucie , Van Reeth Colin , Villalta Irène , Zaninotto Vincent , Dajoz Isabelle , Henry Mickaël 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWild bees are declining, mainly due to the expansion of urban habitats that have led to land-use changes. Effects of urbanization on wild bee communities are still unclear, as shown by contrasting reports on their species and functional diversities in urban habitats. To address this current controversy, we built a large dataset, merging 16 surveys carried out in 3 countries of Western Europe during the past decades, and tested whether urbanization influences local wild bee taxonomic and functional community composition. These surveys encompassed a range of urbanization levels, that were quantified using two complementary metrics: the proportion of impervious surfaces and the human population density. Urban expansion, when measured as a proportion of impervious surfaces, but not as human population density, was significantly and negatively correlated with wild bee community species richness. Taxonomic dissimilarity of the bee community was independent of both urbanization metrics. However, occurrence rates of functional traits revealed significant differences between lightly and highly urbanized communities, for both urbanization metrics. With higher human population density, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalist and small species increased. With higher soil sealing, probabilities of occurrence of above-ground nesters, generalists and social bees increased as well. Overall, these results, based on a large European dataset, suggest that urbanization can have negative impacts on wild bee diversity. They further identify some traits favored in urban environments, showing that several wild bee species can thrive in cities.
Atrial fibrillation prediction by combining ECG markers and CMR radiomics
Authors: Pujadas Esmeralda Ruiz , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , Szabo Liliana , Morcillo Cristian Izquierdo , Campello Víctor M. , Martin-Isla Carlos , Vago Hajnalka , Merkely Bela , Harvey Nicholas C. , Petersen Steffen E. , Lekadir Karim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It is associated with a higher risk of important adverse health outcomes such as stroke and death. AF is linked to distinct electro-anatomic alterations. The main tool for AF diagnosis is the Electrocardiogram (ECG). However, an ECG recorded at a single time point may not detect individuals with paroxysmal AF. In this study, we developed machine learning models for discrimination of prevalent AF using a combination of image-derived radiomics phenotypes and ECG features. Thus, we characterize the phenotypes of prevalent AF in terms of ECG and imaging alterations. Moreover, we explore sex-differential remodelling by building sex-specific models. Our integrative model including radiomics and ECG together resulted in a better performance than ECG alone, particularly in women. ECG had a lower performance in women than men (AUC: 0.77 vs 0.88, p < 0.05) but adding radiomics features, the accuracy of the model was able to improve significantly. The sensitivity also increased considerably in women by adding the radiomics (0.68 vs 0.79, p < 0.05) having a higher detection of AF events. Our findings provide novel insights into AF-related electro-anatomic remodelling and its variations by sex. The integrative radiomics-ECG model also presents a potential novel approach for earlier detection of AF.
Gustatory function of sensilla chaetica on the labial palps and antennae of three tortricid moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Amat Carles , Marion-Poll Frédéric , Navarro-Roldán Miguel A. , Gemeno César 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn adult Lepidoptera the labial palps are best known for their role in CO2detection, but they can also bear sensilla chaetica which function is unknown. The number and distribution of sensilla chaetica in labial palps was studied using a bright field microscope. To determine if these sensilla have a gustatory function, we performed single sensillum electrophysiology recordings from palp and antennal sensilla of adult moths ofCydia pomonella(L.),Grapholita molesta(Busck) andLobesia botrana(Denis and Shieffermüller). Each sensillum was stimulated with 3 doses of one of four test stimulus (sucrose, fructose, KCl and NaCl). Overall, responses (spikes/s−1) increased with dose, and were higher in the palps than in the antennae, and higher to sugars than to salts. With sugars the response increased with concentration in the palp but not in the antenna. With salts there was a drop in response at the intermediate concentration. The number and position of sensilla chaetica on labial palps was variable among individuals. Sensilla were located in the most exposed areas of the palp. Differences in sensilla distribution were detected between species. Such differences among species and between palps and antenna suggest that taste sensilla on the palps have an unforeseen role in adaptation.
New insights on the active degassing system of the Lipari–Vulcano complex (South Italy) inferred from Local Earthquake Tomography
Authors: Totaro C. , Aloisi M. , Ferlito C. , Orecchio B. , Presti D. , Scolaro S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeismic tomography is a very powerful and effective approach to look at depths beneath volcanic systems thus helping to better understand their behaviour. The P-wave and S-wave velocity ratio, in particular, is a key parameter useful to discriminate the presence of gas, fluids and melts. We computed the first 3-D overall model of Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs for the Lipari–Vulcano complex, central sector of the Aeolian volcanic archipelago (southern Italy). The investigated area has been characterized in recent times by fumaroles, hydrothermal activity and active degassing. In particular, in the Vulcano Island, several episodes of anomalous increases of fumarole temperature and strong degassing have been recorded in the past decades and the last “crisis”, started in September 2021, is still ongoing. For tomographic inversion we collected ~ 4400 crustal earthquakes that occurred in the last thirty years and we used the LOcal TOmography Software LOTOS. The results clearly depicted two low Vp and Vp/Vs anomalies located up to ~ 8 km depths below Vulcano and the western offshore of Lipari, respectively. These anomalies can be associated to the large presence of gas and they furnish a first picture of the gas-filled volumes feeding the main degassing activity of the area.
Sperm tendency to agglutinate in motile bundles in relation to sperm competition and fertility duration in chickens
Authors: Sayed M. A. M. , Abd-Elhafeez Hanan H. , Afifi O. S. , Marzouk M. W. , El-Sherry Taymour M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA unique sperm behavior was observed in Egyptian chickens. Sperm showed a tendency to agglutinate forming motile thread-like bundles. Sperm agglutination behavior, kinematics, and some morphometric measures were studied in relation to sperm competition and fertility duration in Sharkasi and Dandarawi chickens. Sperm tendency to agglutinate was assessed by examining sperm morphology using scanning electron microscopy, Acridine orange-stained semen smears using fluorescence microscopy, and recording videos of sperm under phase contrast microscope. Sperm velocity and morphometric measures were evaluated using image-J software. To assess sperm competition, Sharkasi and Dandarawi hens were artificially inseminated by semen pools possessing equal number of Sharaksi and Dandarawi sperm. Artificial insemination was repeated ten times. The eggs obtained were incubated, and the hatchlings were discriminated as descending from Sharkasi or Dandarawi fathers according to their phenotype. To assess the fertility duration, Sharkasi and Dandarawi hens were inseminated by semen collected from roosters of the same strain. Eggs were collected for a period of 28 days post-insemination and incubated. Sharkasi spermatozoa showed higher tendency to agglutinate forming longer and thicker motile bundles. No significant differences were observed in sperm curvilinear and straight line velocity and in sperm morphometric measures between Sharkasi and Dandarawi chickens. Sharkasi roosters fathered 81.6% and 67.7% of the hatchlings produced by Sharkasi and Dandarawi mothers, respectively. The fertility period in Sharkasi and Dandarawi was 22 and 14 days, respectively. We suggest that the differences seen in sperm competitiveness and fertility duration can be attributed to sperm agglutination behavior.
Factors influencing lion movements and habitat use in the western Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania
Authors: Schooler Sarah L. , Finnegan Shannon P. , Fowler Nicholas L. , Kellner Kenneth F. , Lutto Ashley L. , Parchizadeh Jamshid , van den Bosch Merijn , Zubiria Perez Alejandra , Masinde Lusato M. , Mwampeta Stanslaus B. , Boone Hailey M. , Gantchoff Mariela G. , Hill Jacob E. , Kautz Todd M. , Wehr Nathaniel H. , Fyumagwa Robert , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProtected areas that restrict human activities can enhance wildlife habitat quality. Efficacy of protected areas can be improved with increased protection from illegal activities and presence of buffer protected areas that surround a core protected area. Habitat value of protected areas also can be affected by seasonal variation in anthropogenic pressures. We examined seasonal space use by African lions (Panthera leo) within a core protected area, Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, and surrounding buffer protected areas with varying protection strengths. We used lion locations in logistic regression models during wet and dry seasons to estimate probability of use in relation to protection strength, distance to protected area edge, human and livestock density, distance to roads and rivers, and land cover. Lions used strongly protected buffer areas over the core protected area and unprotected areas, and moved away from protected area boundaries toward the core protected area when buffer protected areas had less protection. Lions avoided high livestock density in the wet season and high human density in the dry season. Increased strength of protection can decrease edge effects on buffer areas and help maintain habitat quality of core protected areas for lions and other wildlife species.
Wave-like patterns in parameter space interpreted as evidence for macroscopic effects resulting from quantum or quantum-like processes in the brain
Authors: Kurtev Stoyan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractData from eight numerosity estimation experiments reliably exhibit wave-like patterns in plots of the standard deviations of the response times along the abstract parameter of the magnitude of the error in the numerosity estimation. An explanation for this phenomenon is proposed in terms of an analogy between response times and error magnitude on one hand, and energy and position of quantum particles on the other, constructed using an argument for an overlap between the mathematical apparatus describing Hopfield-type neural networks and quantum systems, established by some researchers. Alternative explanations are presented within the traditional explanatory framework of oscillations due to neural firing, involving hypothetical mechanisms for converting oscillation patterns in time to oscillation patterns in the space of an abstract parameter, such as the magnitude of the error during numerosity estimation. The viability of the proposal of causal influences propagating from the microscale of quantum phenomena to the macroscale of human behavior, needed for the first type of explanation, is exemplified by the phenomenon of magnetoreception in some species of birds, which is allegedly quantum in nature.
Sharp dose profiles for high precision proton therapy using strongly focused proton beams
Authors: Reaz Fardous , Sjobak Kyrre Ness , Malinen Eirik , Edin Nina Frederike Jeppesen , Adli Erik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe main objective of radiotherapy is to exploit the curative potential of ionizing radiation while inflicting minimal radiation-induced damage to healthy tissue and sensitive organs. Proton beam therapy has been developed to irradiate the tumor with higher precision and dose conformity compared to conventional X-ray irradiation. The dose conformity of this treatment modality may be further improved if narrower proton beams are used. Still, this is limited by multiple Coulomb scattering of protons through tissue. The primary aim of this work was to develop techniques to produce narrow proton beams and investigate the resulting dose profiles. We introduced and assessed three different proton beam shaping techniques: (1) metal collimators (100/150 MeV), (2) focusing of conventional- (100/150 MeV), and (3) focusing of high-energy (350 MeV, shoot-through) proton beams. Focusing was governed by the initial value of the Twiss parameter$$\alpha$$α ($$\alpha _0$$α0), and can be implemented with magnetic particle accelerator optics. The dose distributions in water were calculated by Monte Carlo simulations using Geant4, and evaluated by target to surface dose ratio (TSDR) in addition to the transverse beam size ($$\sigma _T$$σT) at the target. The target was defined as the location of the Bragg peak or the focal point. The different techniques showed greatly differing dose profiles, where focusing gave pronouncedly higher relative target dose and efficient use of primary protons. Metal collimators with radii$$<\,2~\mathrm{mm}$$<2mmgave low TSDRs ($$<~0.7$$<0.7) and large$$\sigma _T$$σT($$>~3.6~\hbox {mm}$$>3.6mm). In contrast, a focused beam of conventional ($$150~\hbox {MeV}$$150MeV) energy produced a very high TSDR ($$>~80$$>80) with similar$$\sigma _T$$σTas a collimated beam. High-energy focused beams were able to produce TSDRs$$>~100$$>100and$$\sigma _T$$σTaround 1.5 mm. From this study, it appears very attractive to implement magnetically focused proton beams in radiotherapy of small lesions or tumors in close vicinity to healthy organs at risk. This can also lead to a paradigm change in spatially fractionated radiotherapy. Magnetic focusing would facilitate FLASH irradiation due to low losses of primary protons.
Female bone physiology resilience in a past Polynesian Outlier community
Authors: Miszkiewicz Justyna J. , Buckley Hallie R. , Feldman Michal , Kiko Lawrence , Carlhoff Selina , Naegele Kathrin , Bertolini Emilie , Guimarães Nathalia R. Dias , Walker Meg M. , Powell Adam , Posth Cosimo , Kinaston Rebecca L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRemodelling is a fundamental biological process involved in the maintenance of bone physiology and function. We know that a range of health and lifestyle factors can impact this process in living and past societies, but there is a notable gap in bone remodelling data for populations from the Pacific Islands. We conducted the first examination of femoral cortical histology in 69 individuals from ca. 440–150 BP Taumako in Solomon Islands, a remote ‘Polynesian Outlier’ island in Melanesia. We tested whether bone remodelling indicators differed between age groups, and biological sex validated using ancient DNA. Bone vascular canal and osteon size, vascular porosity, and localised osteon densities, corrected by femoral robusticity indices were examined. Females had statistically significantly higher vascular porosities when compared to males, but osteon densities and ratios of canal-osteon (~ 8%) did not differ between the sexes. Our results indicate that, compared to males, localised femoral bone tissue of the Taumako females did not drastically decline with age, contrary to what is often observed in modern populations. However, our results match findings in other archaeological samples—a testament to past female bone physiology resilience, also now observed in the Pacific region.
Membrane damage mechanism of protocatechualdehyde against Micrococcus luteus and its effect on pork quality characteristics
Authors: Liao Sichen , Gong Guoli , Wang Xuyang , Tian Lu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the mechanism of membrane damage by protocatechualdehyde (PCA) against Micrococcus luteus and assessed effects of PCA on the sensory and physicochemical properties of pork. The mechanism of PCA inhibition on M. luteus was studied by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) based on membrane potential, intracellular ATP concentration, intracellular pH, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). The results showed that the MIC of PCA against M. luteus was 1.25 mg/mL. Hyperpolarization of the bacterial cell membrane, a decrease in the intracellular ATP concentration, and intracellular pH indicated that PCA damaged the cell membrane of M. luteus. FEG-SEM observation revealed that PCA could cause surface collapse, cell membrane rupture, and content outflow of M. luteus. Additionally, PCA was found to inhibit increases in the total number of colonies, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value growth rate, and moisture mobility in raw pork. Additionally, it improved the color and texture of raw pork, all of which effectively prolonged its shelf life. This study will encourage the application of PCA as a natural antibacterial agent in the food industry.
Correlates of domain-specific sedentary behaviors and objectively assessed sedentary time among elementary school children
Authors: Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Oka Koichiro , Shibata Ai , McCormack Gavin R. , Hanibuchi Tomoya , Nakaya Tomoki , Ishii Kaori 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the correlates of sedentary behavior among children is essential in developing effective interventions to reduce sitting time in this vulnerable population. This study aimed to identify correlates of domain-specific sedentary behaviors and objectively assessed sedentary time among a sample of children in Japan. Data from 343 children (aged 6–12 years) living in Japan were used. Domain-specific sedentary behaviors were assessed using a questionnaire. Total sedentary time was estimated using hip-worn accelerometers. Twenty-two potential correlates across five categories (parental characteristics, household indoor environment, residential neighborhood environment, school environment, and school neighborhood environment) were included. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify correlates of domain-specific sedentary behaviors and objectively assessed sedentary time. Eight correlates were significantly associated with children’s domain-specific sedentary behaviors: mother’s and father’s age, mother’s educational level, having a video/DVD recorder/player, having a video console, having a TV one’s own room, home’s Walk Score®, and pedestrian/cycling safety. No significant associations were found between potential correlates and accelerometer-based total sedentary time. These findings highlight that strategies to reduce children’s sedentary time should consider the context of these behaviors. For example, urban design attributes such as perceived pedestrian and cycling safety can be improved to reduce children’s car sitting time.
Microbiological analysis and bioremediation bioassay for characterization of industrial effluent
Authors: Zabermawi Nidal Mohammed Omar , Alyhaiby Amani H. , El-Bestawy Ebtesam A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate bacteria for biodegradation of oil pollutants from oily industrial wastewater to be used as bioremediation tools and to determine the characterization of bioremediation bioassays. A screening bioassay was carried out using six exogenous environmental bacterial strains to degrade oily pollution, which indicated promising clearance of the oily wastewater. Two strains, namely Enterobacter cloacae 279-56 (R4) and Pseudomonas otitis MCC10330 (R19), could successfully eliminate oil content and reasonable removal of the organic load. Results showed that the two promising bacterial candidates (R4 and R19) were selected according to the preliminary screening of the six tested bacteria considered the most efficient for all the tested parameters. The highest Removal Efficiency (Removal Efficiency resulted in Residual levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and Oil content in the treated oily wastewater effluents are 1940, 171, 131, and 84 mg/l respectively where these results are not within safe discharge limits, except for TDS. Hence, the bioremediation assays were carried out using the mixed culture since it was the most efficient strain for degrading all tested parameters.
Monensin inhibits mast cell mediated airway contractions in human and guinea pig asthma models
Authors: Liu Jielu , Nie Mu , Dong Caijuan , Säfholm Jesper , Pejler Gunnar , Nilsson Gunnar , Adner Mikael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAsthma is a common respiratory disease associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation and mast cell (MC) accumulation in the lung. Monensin, an ionophoric antibiotic, has been shown to induce apoptosis of human MCs. The aim of this study was to define the effect of monensin on MC responses, e.g., antigen induced bronchoconstriction, and on asthmatic features in models of allergic asthma. Tracheal segments from house dust mite (HDM) extract sensitized guinea pigs were isolated and exposed to monensin, followed by histological staining to quantify MCs. Both guinea pig tracheal and human bronchi were used for pharmacological studies in tissue bath systems to investigate the monensin effect on tissue viability and antigen induced bronchoconstriction. Further, an HDM-induced guinea pig asthma model was utilized to investigate the effect of monensin on AHR and airway inflammation. Monensin decreased MC number, caused MC death, and blocked the HDM or anti-IgE induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pig and human airways. In the guinea pig asthma model, HDM-induced AHR, airway inflammation and MC hyperplasia could be inhibited by repeated administration of monensin. This study indicates that monensin is an effective tool to reduce MC number and MCs are crucial for the development of asthma-like features.