bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum survivability in rose petal jam and the changes in physicochemical, textural and sensorial characteristics of the product during storage
Authors: Shoaei Fateme , Heshmati Ali , Mahjub Reza , Garmakhany Amir Daraei , Taheri Mehdi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to develop a probiotic rose petal jam containing microencapsulated L. plantarum. The attributes of L. plantarum microcapsules and bacteria viability in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and jam were assessed. In addition, L. plantarum effects on physicochemical, textural and sensorial properties of jam were studied. The microencapsulation yield, diameter, and zeta potential value of the microcapsules ranged from 90.23 to 92.75%, 14.80–35.02 µm, and − 16.83 to − 14.71 mV, respectively. The microencapsulation process significantly increases the survival of L. plantarum in simulated gastrointestinal tract and jam. In jam samples containing L. plantarum microencapsulated with 2% sodium alginate and 3.5% or 5% Arabic gum and stored for 90 days, the bacterial count was higher than the acceptable level (106 CFU/g). While there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between physicochemical characteristics of non-probiotic and probiotic jams, taste and overall acceptance scores of microencapsulated probiotic jams were higher. The microencapsulation of L. plantarum in sodium alginate (2%) and Arabic gum (5%) and its inoculation into rose petal jam could yield a new probiotic product with increased health benefits.
Hydrogen-generating Si-based agent protects against skin flap ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Otani Naoya , Tomita Koichi , Kobayashi Yuki , Kuroda Kazuya , Koyama Yoshihisa , Kobayashi Hikaru , Kubo Tateki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogen is effective against ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in skin flaps. However, the difficulty of continuously administering a sufficient amount of hydrogen using conventional methods has been an issue in the clinical application of hydrogen-based therapy. An Si-based agent administered orally was previously shown to continuously generate a large amount of hydrogen in the intestinal environment. In this study, we assessed the effect of the Si-based agent on the inhibition of I/R injury in skin flaps using a rat model. In the I/R groups, the vascular pedicle of the abdominal skin flap was occluded for three hours followed by reperfusion. In the I/R + Si group, the Si-based agent was administered perioperatively. After reperfusion, flap survival rate, blood flow, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers/findings, and degree of apoptosis were evaluated. Flap survival rate was significantly higher, and histological inflammation, apoptotic cells, oxidative stress markers, and levels of inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein expression were significantly lower, in the I/R + Si group compared to the I/R group. The Si-based agent suppressed oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory reactions resulting from I/R injury, thereby contributing to improvements in skin flap survival.
Visual estimation of the force applied by another person
Authors: Ujitoko Yusuke , Kawabe Takahiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs observers, we believe that we can visually estimate the force that another person is applying to a material. However, it is unclear what kind of cues we use to do this. We focused on two types of visual change that occur when actors push an elastic material from above with their fingers: visual shaking and visual indentation depth. The first one relates to a finger/hand shaking, known as an “induced tremor”, and the second one relates to material deformation due to the application of force. We found that human observers mainly used visual shaking to estimate the force being applied by another person in a video clip. Overall, the apparent applied force was perceived to be stronger when the level of visual shaking was greater. We also found that observers mainly used visual indentation depth and visual shaking to estimate the softness rating of materials. Overall, the apparent softness was perceived to be greater when the visual indentation depth was larger and the level of visual shaking was lower, which indicates that observers use visual shaking to estimate the force being applied, and that estimated force is then used for an estimation of softness.
Impaired surface marker expression in stimulated Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblasts from Barth Syndrome patients
Authors: Zegallai Hana M. , Hatch Grant M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrimary B lymphocytes rapidly respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytosine linked to a guanine by a phosphate bond deoxyribonucleic acid (CpG DNA) stimulation to promote adaptive immune function through increased surface marker expression. Here we examined expression of surface markers in LPS and CpG DNA stimulated Epstein-Barr virus transformed B lymphoblasts from control and BTHS patients with different mutations. The percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD) positive cells including CD38 + , CD138 + , CD80 + surface expression and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1 +) surface expression was similar between control and BTHS lymphoblasts incubated plus or minus LPS. The percentage of CD24 + , CD38 + and CD138 + cells was similar between control and BTHS lymphoblasts incubated plus or minus CpG DNA. CD27 + surface marker expression was reduced in both BTHS lymphoblasts and controls incubated with CpG DNA and PD1 + surface marker expression was higher in BTHS cells compared to controls but was unaltered by CpG DNA treatment. Thus, Epstein-Barr virus transformed control and BTHS lymphoblasts fail to increase selected surface markers upon stimulation with LPS and exhibit variable surface marker expression upon stimulation with CpG DNA. Since B lymphocyte surface marker expression upon activation is involved in B cell proliferation and differentiation, cell–cell interaction and the adaptive immune response, we suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting immunological data obtained from Epstein-Barr virus transformed BTHS cells. Based upon our observations in control cells, our conclusions may be more broadly applicable to other diseases which utilize transformed B lymphocytes for the study of immune biology.
Enhanced photoluminescence and shortened lifetime of DCJTB by photoinduced metal deposition on a ferroelectric lithography substrate
Authors: Chau Yuan-Fong Chou , Chang Hao-En , Huang Po-Sheng , Wu Pin Chieh , Lim Chee Ming , Chiang Li-Ming , Wang Tzyy-Jiann , Chao Chung-Ting Chou , Kao Tsung Sheng , Shih Min-Hsiung , Chiang Hai-Pang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe photodeposition of metallic nanostructures onto ferroelectric surfaces could enable new applications based on the assembly of molecules and patterning local surface reactivity by enhancing surface field intensity. DCJTB (4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran) is an excellent fluorescent dye and dopant material with a high quantum efficiency used for OLED displays on the market. However, how to raise the photoluminescence (PL) and reduce the lifetime of DCJTB in a substrate remain extraordinary challenges for its application. Here, we demonstrate a tunable ferroelectric lithography plasmon-enhanced substrate to generate photo-reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and achieve enhanced PL with a shortened lifetime depending on the substrate’s annealing time. The enhanced PL with shortened lifetimes can attribute to the localized electromagnetic (EM) wave produced by the nanotextured AgNPs layers' surface and gap plasmon resonances. The simulation is based on the three-dimensional finite element method to explain the mechanism of experimental results. Since the absorption increases, the remarkable enhanced PL of DCJTB can attain in the fabricated periodically proton exchanged (PPE) lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrate. Furthermore, the proposed fabrication method demonstrates to help tune the surface EM wave distribution in the substrate, which can simultaneously achieve the significantly shortened lifetime and high PL intensity of DCJTB in the substrate. Compared with the un-annealed substrate, the PL intensity of DCJTB in the assembly metallic nanostructures is enhanced 13.70 times, and the PL’s lifetime is reduced by 12.50%, respectively. Thus, the fabricated substrate can be a promising candidate, verifying chemically patterned ferroelectrics' satisfaction as a PL-active substrate.
Association between lipid ratio and depression: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Han A Lum 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDepression is associated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood. However, evidence is limited on the relationship between depression and lipid ratios. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between depression and different lipid ratios. This study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 11,648 adult men and women aged ≥ 19 years, without missing data, were included in this study. Depression was diagnosed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The associations between depression and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were analyzed. A complex sample logistic regression test was used for the analysis of the odds ratios of depression. Among men, the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios were not associated with depression. Additionally, an increase in triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio by 1 was associated with a 1.041-fold higher probability of depression in men. Among women, the three lipid ratios were not associated with depression. Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with depression among men. Future studies should cross-validate, explore the biological mechanism, and identify the clinical implication of this correlation.
Estimating the expected planting area of double- and single-season rice in the Hunan-Jiangxi region of China by 2030
Authors: Huang Min , Chen Jiana , Cao Fangbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of double-season rice cropping systems has made a considerable contribution toward achieving rice self-sufficiency in China. However, the planting area for double-season rice has sharply decreased in the Hunan-Jiangxi region (the most important producing region of double-season rice in China) as a result of the conversion from double- to single-season rice cropping systems (referred as the rice “double-to-single” phenomenon). Due to concerns about the negative effect of the “double-to-single” phenomenon on rice self-sufficiency in China, we have estimated the planting area of double- and single-season rice in the Hunan-Jiangxi region that will be needed by 2030 to maintain the contribution to China’s rice production, based on the most recent 10 years (2011–2020) of historical data available. The results of our analysis can provide guidance for the government’s decision-making when planning the planting area of double- and single-season rice in the Hunan-Jiangxi region.
The underappreciated role of anthropogenic sources in atmospheric soluble iron flux to the Southern Ocean
Authors: Liu Mingxu , Matsui Hitoshi , Hamilton Douglas S. , Lamb Kara D. , Rathod Sagar D. , Schwarz Joshua P. , Mahowald Natalie M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe atmospheric deposition of soluble (bioaccessible) iron enhances ocean primary productivity and subsequent atmospheric CO2sequestration in iron-limited ocean basins, especially the Southern Ocean. While anthropogenic sources have been recently suggested to be important in some northern hemisphere oceans, the role in the Southern Ocean remains ambiguous. By comparing multiple model simulations with the new aircraft observations for anthropogenic iron, we show that anthropogenic soluble iron deposition flux to the Southern Ocean could be underestimated by more than a factor of ten in previous modeling estimates. Our improved estimate for the anthropogenic iron budget enhances its contribution on the soluble iron deposition in the Southern Ocean from about 10% to 60%, implying a dominant role of anthropogenic sources. We predict that anthropogenic soluble iron deposition in the Southern Ocean is reduced substantially (30‒90%) by the year 2100, and plays a major role in the future evolution of atmospheric soluble iron inputs to the Southern Ocean.
A subpopulation of cortical VIP-expressing interneurons with highly dynamic spines
Authors: Georgiou Christina , Kehayas Vassilis , Lee Kok Sin , Brandalise Federico , Sahlender Daniela A. , Blanc Jerome , Knott Graham , Holtmaat Anthony 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStructural synaptic plasticity may underlie experience and learning-dependent changes in cortical circuits. In contrast to excitatory pyramidal neurons, insight into the structural plasticity of inhibitory neurons remains limited. Interneurons are divided into various subclasses, each with specialized functions in cortical circuits. Further knowledge of subclass-specific structural plasticity of interneurons is crucial to gaining a complete mechanistic understanding of their contribution to cortical plasticity overall. Here, we describe a subpopulation of superficial cortical multipolar interneurons expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) with high spine densities on their dendrites located in layer (L) 1, and with the electrophysiological characteristics of bursting cells. Using longitudinal imaging in vivo, we found that the majority of the spines are highly dynamic, displaying lifetimes considerably shorter than that of spines on pyramidal neurons. Using correlative light and electron microscopy, we confirmed that these VIP spines are sites of excitatory synaptic contacts, and are morphologically distinct from other spines in L1.
Spatial covariance analysis reveals the residue-by-residue thermodynamic contribution of variation to the CFTR fold
Authors: Anglès Frédéric , Wang Chao , Balch William E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough the impact of genome variation on the thermodynamic properties of function on the protein fold has been studied in vitro, it remains a challenge to assign these relationships across the entire polypeptide sequence in vivo. Using the Gaussian process regression based principle of Spatial CoVariance, we globally assign on a residue-by-residue basis the biological thermodynamic properties that contribute to the functional fold of CFTR in the cell. We demonstrate the existence of a thermodynamically sensitive region of the CFTR fold involving the interface between NBD1 and ICL4 that contributes to its export from endoplasmic reticulum. At the cell surface a new set of residues contribute uniquely to the management of channel function. These results support a general ‘quality assurance’ view of global protein fold management as an SCV principle describing the differential pre- and post-ER residue interactions contributing to compartmentalization of the energetics of the protein fold for function. Our results set the stage for future analyses of the quality systems managing protein sequence-to-function-to-structure broadly encompassing genome design leading to protein function in complex cellular relationships responsible for diversity and fitness in biology in response to the environment.
Failure of DNA double-strand break repair by tau mediates Alzheimer’s disease pathology in vitro
Authors: Asada-Utsugi Megumi , Uemura Kengo , Ayaki Takashi , T. Uemura Maiko , Minamiyama Sumio , Hikiami Ryota , Morimura Toshifumi , Shodai Akemi , Ueki Takatoshi , Takahashi Ryosuke , Kinoshita Ayae , Urushitani Makoto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDNA double-strand break (DSB) is the most severe form of DNA damage and accumulates with age, in which cytoskeletal proteins are polymerized to repair DSB in dividing cells. Since tau is a microtubule-associated protein, we investigate whether DSB is involved in tau pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). First, immunohistochemistry reveals the frequent coexistence of DSB and phosphorylated tau in the cortex of AD patients. In vitro studies using primary mouse cortical neurons show that non-p-tau accumulates perinuclearly together with the tubulin after DSB induction with etoposide, followed by the accumulation of phosphorylated tau. Moreover, the knockdown of endogenous tau exacerbates DSB in neurons, suggesting the protective role of tau on DNA repair. Interestingly, synergistic exposure of neurons to microtubule disassembly and the DSB strikingly augments aberrant p-tau aggregation and apoptosis. These data suggest that DSB plays a pivotal role in AD-tau pathology and that the failure of DSB repair leads to tauopathy.
Metabarcoding the Antarctic Peninsula biodiversity using a multi-gene approach
Authors: Fonseca V G , Kirse A , Giebner H , Vause B J , Drago T , Power D M , Peck L S , Clark M S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Marine sediment communities are major contributors to biogeochemical cycling and benthic ecosystem functioning, but they are poorly described, particularly in remote regions such as Antarctica. We analysed patterns and drivers of diversity in metazoan and prokaryotic benthic communities of the Antarctic Peninsula with metabarcoding approaches. Our results show that the combined use of mitochondrial Cox1, and 16S and 18S rRNA gene regions recovered more phyla, from metazoan to non-metazoan groups, and allowed correlation of possible interactions between kingdoms. This higher level of detection revealed dominance by the arthropods and not nematodes in the Antarctic benthos and further eukaryotic diversity was dominated by benthic protists: the world’s largest reservoir of marine diversity. The bacterial family Woeseiaceae was described for the first time in Antarctic sediments. Almost 50% of bacteria and 70% metazoan taxa were unique to each sampled site (high alpha diversity) and harboured unique features for local adaptation (niche-driven). The main abiotic drivers measured, shaping community structure were sediment organic matter, water content and mud. Biotic factors included the nematodes and the highly abundant bacterial fraction, placing protists as a possible bridge for between kingdom interactions. Meiofauna are proposed as sentinels for identifying anthropogenic-induced changes in Antarctic marine sediments.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Gamma lineage introduction and COVID-19 vaccination on the epidemiological landscape of a Brazilian city
Authors: Banho Cecília Artico , Sacchetto Lívia , Campos Guilherme Rodrigues Fernandes , Bittar Cíntia , Possebon Fábio Sossai , Ullmann Leila Sabrina , Marques Beatriz de Carvalho , da Silva Gislaine Ceslestino Dutra , Moraes Marília Mazzi , Parra Maisa Carla Pereira , Negri Andreia Francesli , Boldrin Ana Carolina , Barcelos Michela Dias , dos Santos Thayza M. I. L. , Milhim Bruno H. G. A. , Rocha Leonardo Cecílio , Dourado Fernanda Simões , dos Santos Andresa Lopes , Ciconi Victoria Bernardi , Patuto Caio , Versiani Alice Freitas , da Silva Rafael Alves , de Oliveira Lobl Edoardo Estevam , Hernandes Victor Miranda , Zini Nathalia , Pacca Carolina Colombelli , Estofolete Cássia Fernanda , Ferreira Helena Lage , Rahal Paula , Araújo João Pessoa , Cohen Jamie A. , Kerr Cliff C. , Althouse Benjamin M. , Vasilakis Nikos , Nogueira Mauricio Lacerda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:
The emergence of the Brazilian variant of concern, Gamma lineage (P.1), impacted the epidemiological profile of COVID-19 cases due to its higher transmissibility rate and immune evasion ability.

Methods:
We sequenced 305 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genomes and performed phylogenetic analyses to identify introduction events and the circulating lineages. Additionally, we use epidemiological data of COVID-19 cases, severe cases, and deaths to measure the impact of vaccination coverage and mortality risk.

Results:
Here we show that Gamma introduction in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, was followed by the displacement of seven circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and a rapid increase in prevalence two months after its first detection in January 2021. Moreover, Gamma variant is associated with increased mortality risk and severity of COVID-19 cases in younger age groups, which corresponds to the unvaccinated population at the time.

Conclusions:
Our findings highlight the beneficial effects of vaccination indicated by a pronounced reduction of severe cases and deaths in immunized individuals, reinforcing the need for rapid and massive vaccination.
Co-interventions withClostridium butyricumand soluble dietary fiber targeting the gut microbiota improve MAFLDviathe Acly/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Shao Junwei , Ge Tiantian , Wei Yingliang , Zhou Yuhan , Shi Mengyuan , Liu Huiyuan , Chen Zhi , Xia Yang 
Published: April 2022

Mechanisms of co-intervention with Clostridium butyricum and soluble dietary fiber to improve MAFLD.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of AC and DC arc propagation on polluted insulators surface
Authors: Dong Bingbing , Wu Ben , Wang Zhizheng , Jiang Xingliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo acquire new knowledge of pollution flashover mechanism of insulators, the mechanical characteristics of local arc propagation on suspension insulators surface during AC and DC pollution flashover are analyzed in this paper. The results indicate that the propagation of local arc mainly depends on the electrostatic force and thermal buoyancy. The thermal buoyancy plays a leading role in the bigger arc current, resulting in the obvious phenomenon of arc wandering. Moreover, the effect of thermal buoyancy on AC arc is less than that on DC arc at the same arc current. DC arc wandering is more significant than that of AC. With the decrease in air pressure (the increase in altitude height), the effect of thermal buoyancy rises. As a result, it will cause severe arc‐levitating at high altitudes, making the flashover distance of insulators less than its creepage distance. Therefore, the arc‐levitating is one of the key factors for the decrease in flashover voltage of polluted insulators in high‐altitude regions.