bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readout system for a prototype multi-purpose time projection chamber at CSNS Back-n
Authors: Chen Z. , Feng C. , Chen H. , Fan R. , Yi H. , Zhang Z. , Gu M. , Zhang M. , Jia W. , Wang J. , Liu S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a readout system for a prototype
multi-purpose Time Projection Chamber (MTPC), which is developed for
the research of neutron-induced light-charged particles emission
reaction. The prototype MTPC consists of 1521 readout channels for
charge measurements, track reconstruction, and neutron
time-of-flight measurement. The main function of the readout system
is to perform 1521-channel waveform digitization based on
multi-channel analog to digital converters (ADCs). Digital waveform
compression, multi-board time synchronization, and many other
efforts have been made to ensure system performance and
stability. Test results show that the readout system has a time
resolution better than 10 ns at a trigger rate of 20 kHz. With a
2.8 pC dynamic range of charge measurement, the noise without any
input load is around 0.76 fC (in RMS), and the nonlinearity of each
channel is less than 0.35%. A beam test with 6Li target has
been carried out at the back-streaming white neutron source (Back-n)
of China Spallation Neutron Source. The tracks of particles from
neutron-induced reactions have been successfully reconstructed. The
time-of-flight distribution of the 6Li(n,α)3H
reaction reveals the resonance peak at about 240 keV. These
results indicate that the readout system fulfils the requirements of
the prototype MTPC.
A low power asynchronous column-parallel 10-bit analog to digital converter with a high input impedance
Authors: Vančura P. , Gečnuk J. , Jakovenko J. , Janoška Z. , Jirsa J. , Kafka V. , Korchak O. , Kostina A. , Lednický D. , Marčišovská M. , Marčišovský M. , Tomášek L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a low power 10-bit asynchronous
fully-differential column analog to digital converter (ADC) with
successive approximation (SAR) and charge redistribution in
a 180 nm SoI technology. The ADC is designed for use in Spacepix-2
monolithic active pixel sensor. A novel folded architecture of
internal capacitive digital to analog converter (CDAC) is
proposed. The total capacitance of CDAC is 512 fF, with a single
unit capacitor capacitance only 0.5 fF and a size of
2.5 × 1.4 μm2. The total input capacitance of the
proposed column ADC is only 220 fF. Two columns of a pixel matrix
share a single ADC to double layout width. The layout area is
120 × 923 μm2. The sample rate is 4 MSps with power
consumption of 225 μW from 1.8 V power supply.
Transitions to new climates (TNCs) in the 21st century
Authors: Giorgi Filippo , Raffaele Francesca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We introduce the concept of transition to a new climate (TNC) based on ensembles of model projections. We consider a variable whose distribution due to interannual variability and inter-model spread of responses within a given time slice is measured by a certain compounded standard deviation, a TNC then occurs when the mean change signal of the variable between a future and a reference period exceeds the sum of the standard deviations for the two periods multiplied by a factor, taken here as 1.6 (see text). We calculate TNCs of regional mean annual surface air temperature from the CMIP6 ensemble of 21st century projections for 31 regions of the globe and four SSP scenarios. For the high-end scenarios, SSP5-8.5 and SSP3-7.0, we find the occurrence of at least one TNC in all regions and a second TNC in 15 and 10 regions, respectively, primarily located in tropical and mid-latitude regions and separated by about 40–45 years. For 30 out of 31 regions there is occurrence of a single TNC in the mid-level SSP2-4.5 scenario, while only 20 out of 31 regions experience a TNC in the low end SSP1-2.6. High latitude and polar regions tend to experience fewer and later occurring TNCs than low latitude ones, due to their larger interannual variability and inter-model response. On the one hand, the occurrence of at least one TNC, and in some scenarios and regions two TNCs, imply severe stress for adaptation of natural ecosystems and different socioeconomic sectors. On the other, the pronounced reduction of TNC occurrence in the low end scenarios point to the urgency of implementing effective mitigation policies to curb global warming.
Robust increase in population exposure to heat stress with increasing global warming
Authors: Freychet Nicolas , Hegerl Gabriele C , Lord Natalie S , Lo Y T Eunice , Mitchell Dann , Collins Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extreme heat, particularly if combined with humidity, poses a severe risk to human health. To estimate future global risk of extreme heat with humidity on health, we calculate indicators of heat stress that have been commonly used: the Heat Index, the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature and the Wet-Bulb Temperature, from the latest Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) projections. We analyse how and where different levels of heat stress hazards will change, from severe to deadly, and how results are sensitive to the choice of the index used. We evaluate this risk at country-level and use population and GDP

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PPP growth scenario to estimate the vulnerability of each nation. Consistent with previous studies, we find that South and East Asia, and the Middle-East, are highly exposed to heat stress hazards, and that this exposure increases by 20%–60% with global mean temperature change from 1.5 to 3 ∘C. However, we also find substantial increases in heat health risk for some vulnerable countries with less adaptive capacity, such as West Africa, and Central and South America. For these regions, about 20 to more than 50% of the population could be exposed to severe heat stress each year on average, independent of the index used. For global warming of 3∘, European countries and the USA will also be exposed several times per year to conditions with daily mean heat stress level equal to the maximum heat stress of the 2003 heat wave.
Real-time visualisation and optimisation of acoustic waves carrying orbital angular momentum
Authors: Lin Po-Cheng , Gibson Graham M , Padgett Miles J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Travelling waves, such as light and sound, can carry angular momentum. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is one of the components which is determined by the helicity of the phase fronts. The helical waveform is characterised in terms of an integer l and an azimuthal phase term of exp(−ilθ), but for |l| > 1 the resulting high-order beam structure is unstable to perturbation. In this work, using Fourier transform profilometry and stroboscopic imaging techniques, we demonstrate the real-time visualisation of the OAM-carrying acoustic waveform by imaging the pressure imprint of the acoustic wave on a thin rubber sheet. Furthermore, based on the visualised waveform, we are able to optimise high-order (|l| > 1) OAM states by controlling the individual elements of the acoustic source. Beyond the study of acoustic OAM, the real-time monitoring and optimising methods could be a benefit to other applications requiring acoustic waveform shaping, such as acoustic communications, acoustic holograms, etc.
Quantifying incompatibility of quantum measurements through non-commutativity
Authors: Mordasewicz Krzysztof , Kaniewski Jędrzej 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The existence of incompatible measurements, i.e. measurements which cannot be performed simultaneously on a single copy of a quantum state, constitutes an important distinction between quantum mechanics and classical theories. While incompatibility might at first glance seem like an obstacle, it turns to be a necessary ingredient to achieve the so-called quantum advantage in various operational tasks like random access codes or key distribution. To improve our understanding of how to quantify incompatibility of quantum measurements, we define and explore a family of incompatibility measures based on non-commutativity. We investigate some basic properties of these measures, we show that they satisfy some natural information-processing requirements and we fully characterize the pairs which achieve the highest incompatibility (in a fixed dimension). We also consider the behavior of our measures under different types of compositions. Finally, to link our new measures to existing results, we relate them to a robustness-based incompatibility measure and two operational scenarios: random access codes and entropic uncertainty relations.
Home Delivery Trip Generation Model
Authors: Fadhlansyah Andika , Nahry  
Published: May 2022

Abstract
As a result of online shopping’s rapid development, more goods and services are being delivered directly into residences. The number of people who shop online using e-commerce platforms also increases with the Covid-19 pandemic and causes an increase in freight trip generation. This research aims to analyze the factors that affect freight trip generation and develop a freight trip generation model for home deliveries. Data collection is done using questionnaires with 273 people who reside in Jabodetabek as samples to understand the individual characteristics, household characteristics, and the number of freight trips generated by each residential unit. Collected data is analyzed using the multiple linear regression method into a multiple linear regression model. The result shows on multiple linear regression modeling only the home type, household income, and the number of vehicles have significance towards the model. This research can be used by city transportation authorities as a reference to predict the impact of urban area’s development on freight trip generation.
An overview of inland freight transportation in Indonesia based on vehicle operating cost
Authors: Anas Ridwan , Surbakti Medis S , Hastuty Ika Puji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
From an economic point of view, the high cost of freight transportation is indicated to increase the production of cost and weaken the industrial sector’s competitiveness. Indonesia’s logistic cost is the highest in Southeast Asia, which has absorbed more than 26% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The operational costs of truck transportation, as the major freight transportation in Indonesia, is the highest compared to the operational cost of trucks in Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and China. This paper introduces the issues related to the costs of inland freight transportation in Indonesia. The results show that high operational costs are caused by geographic, trip length, congestion, imbalance of freight movement, waiting time and the disutility of truck. Meanwhile, fuel consumption is a major component of the high transportation costs.
The Externality Of Parcel Locker Service
Authors: Meliaresti Mia , Nahry  
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A type of e-commerce which is growing rapidly is B2C (Business-to-Customer), thus, home delivery, the delivery service that supports this activity, is also developing. As the result, there is competition between home delivery services that causes last mile segment to become fragmented. Parcel locker exists to improve the operational effectiveness of home delivery. Additionally, planning for the delivery of goods has not considered the externalities that may arise from the delivery trips to the impactees. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of the parcel locker to reduce the external costs due to the CO2 emissions produced by the delivery trips. The effectiveness is represented as a comparison between the external costs of the parcel locker and the one of home delivery service. The result showed that in term of externalities reduction due to CO2 emissions home delivery are three to seven times more effective than parcel locker. To increase the use of parcel locker, it is necessary to relax the delivery slot-time arrangement in order to reduce the externalities while maintaining good service to customers.
Pedestrian Volume Characteristic in The Commercial Area in Yogyakarta
Authors: Muttaqin Muchammad Zaenal , Munawar Ahmad , Irawan Muhammad Zudhy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pedestrians are different from vehicles. Pedestrian has its unique characteristic, especially for its flexibility in traffic. Pedestrians play an important role in supporting sustainable roads as the impact from the vehicle such as pollution, even crowded vehicles create more problems than pedestrians. Pedestrians’ characteristics can be divided based on their activity, area, and even based on their behaviour when they are walking. All pedestrian management policies must be started from knowing local and then global characteristics. This will serve more details about pedestrian lanes, and can also be used to derive fundamental parameters for pedestrian operations and to create pedestrian models. In traffic research, one of the volume functions related to speed and density was also used to pre-analyze pedestrian behaviour. The purpose of this study was to introduce the local characteristic of pedestrians in Yogyakarta as a basic term for making regulations or policies as well as better planning for pedestrian lanes. The results showed that pedestrian volume had different characteristics between morning flow and afternoon flow. The characteristic volume of the morning flow tended to decrease due to the difference in temperatures which was lower in the morningandhigher temperatures during the day. As for the afternoon flow, pedestrian fluctuations increased duetothe temperatures decreasefromnoonto evening. This was reinforced byan independent T test. Another result showed that pedestrians groupsdominated the shopping area, hospital area, as well as public space. Lastly, the characteristics ofpedestriansin the sidewalk commercial areaalsohad different characteristicsin terms of carrying goods, whereas the shopping areasweremoredominatedbypedestrianscarrying goodsthan others. These basic terms were expected to be the basic foundation for managing and planning pedestrian lanes based on their local characteristics.
Modeling the performance of passenger public transportation service in Salatiga City
Authors: Handajani M , Firmawan F , Harmini  
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Public transportation system is one of the main indicators to show the increase in efficiency and productivity of a city. Meanwhile, the public transportation services in Salatiga City were observed to be averagely good but have some classic obstacles such as the absence of bus stops to pick up passengers and non-determination of the fare to be paid by the passengers per kilometer. This study was, therefore, conducted to model the performance of public transportation in Salatiga City. The results showed that 9 fleets with a route length of 6.2 km which has a load factor of 72% because Tamansari – Blotongan is one of the routes most traveled by the passengers are sufficient for the needs of the passengers. It was also discovered that 70% of the people prefer public transportation due to its cheapness, 55% fastness, and 77.5% because it is safe while 10% were found to be satisfied with the waiting time. Moreover, a real-time passenger information system was observed to have the ability to determine the position of public transport passengers while the Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) network was able to estimate the number of passengers currently limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first section in your paper
Evaluation of the Green Transportation Concept in the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University Campus
Authors: Bethary Rindu Twidi , Budiman Arief , Intari Dwi Esti , Ramdhan Dandy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A green campus is an environmentally friendly concept that promotes the creation and the use of transportation means with minimal effects on people and the environment. Notably, the green campus program is adapted to create awareness in the campus community to make the environment habitable. This research used UI GreenMetric World University Rankings with 8 green transportation criteria to conduct the assessment. Based on the observation and analysis, a total of 1475 from a maximum value of 1800 was obtained. This was 81.9%, which means that green transportation at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University is progressing. However, several improvements need to be made, including special policies to restrict vehicles from entering the campus, developing emission-free transportation, and making an integrated parking building.
Determination of Junction Geometrical Design for Pedestrian and Bicycle Movement (Case Study): Duren Sawit
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Ariel , Tjahjono Tri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
East Jakarta has the highest amount of traffic accident than other cities in Jakarta for the last few years, indicating the need of traffic improvement on their safety, particularly for active mobility. Various projects have been implemented in Jakarta to improve its serviceability for pedestrian and bicycle user to drive the habit of active mobility. However, they still not have been implemented in Jakarta as a whole. This paper aims to do traffic improvement on a particular unsafe intersection in East Jakarta. Intersection itself is chosen as pedestrian and bicycle user are the most vulnerable when using it. Through comparative study cases, this paper is expected to determine appropriate junction geometrical designs that improve its safety for pedestrian and bicycle movement, while maintaining its performance, such as its capacity, degree of saturation, and delay. The study shows that junction geometrical improvement with several adjustments can improves its serviceability for active mobility.
Microscopic Analysis of the Transportation Modes and Movement of Pedestrians in Dukuh Atas Transit-Oriented Development Area Using PTV Viswalk
Authors: Ivan Adwitiya R , Jachrizal Sumabrata R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
DKI Jakarta is experiencing several economic obstacles as observed in the prevalence of traffic congestion which has prompted the government to build the first transit-oriented development (TOD) area in the city. The first is the TOD Dukuh Atas as indicated by the current integration of 4 modes of transportation as well as the ongoing construction of Dukuh Atas LRT Station in an area outside the existing TOD. This is to integrate the access through the use of a multipurpose Skyride. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the level of service (LOS) for the pedestrians in the existing and ultimate areas using the PTV Viswalk software. The LOS was simulated in the Dukuh Atas TOD Area in the form of the Dukuh Atas JPM based on two scenarios. Scenario 1 is 25% people leaving and 75% entering through the LRT series while Scenario 2 is 50% entering and 50% leaving. The results showed a very bad level of service, LOS F, in several areas for Scenario 2 and this means there is a need for improvement. Therefore, the proposed suggestions were simulated and the minimum LOS produced for all the access was category C.
Study of travel shuttle mode in supporting connectivity between strategic tourist attractions in South Lampung Regency
Authors: Ibad Muhammad Zainal , Amanda Destri , Sulistyorini Rahayu , Ekaputra Reza Asriandi , Saraswati Zenia F , Pratama Muhammad Alfat Rizki , Antiqasari Salwa Nabilla 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The development of the tourism sector depends a lot on the availability of transportation. The advancement of transportation facilities will drive the progress of the tourism sector and vice versa. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the study of tourist shuttle mode in supporting connectivity between the leading tourist attractions in South Lampung Regency to review the mode of shuttle tourism in support of connectivity between the leading tourist attractions in South Lampung Regency. This study uses descriptive statistical methods, trip distribution methods, and analysis of travel shuttle plans. To support the potential - a potential tourist attraction in South Lampung Regency needed a mode of transportation that can connect the location of one tourist attraction with the location of other tourist attractions so that the public is easier and not only dependent on private transportation. Based on the research, the planned mode of the tourist shuttle will connect six tourist attraction locations with a considerable demand for tourists among other tourist attractions in South Lampung Regency. So the result of this study is formed travel patterns and travel shuttle transportation planning to support connectivity between tourist attractions.
Analysis of air pollen monitoring results in Perm and determination of main directions of pollen grain transfer
Authors: Novoselova L V , Shvarts K G , Shklyaev V A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper considers the atmospheric transport of pollen grains of 15 allergenic plant species. An analysis of monitoring results reveals that the most significant numbers of pollen grains refer to birch, nettle, pine, and poplar. Seasonal changes in the numbers of pollen grains have shown that the pollen of elm, blooming in April, is brought from neighboring regions. In May, the main amounts of the bioaerosol are given by birch, maple, spruce, pine, poplar, oak, and hazel. In the period from June to August, the sources of pollen emissions are cereals, nettles, wormwood, sorrel, and plantain. A good quantitative relationship has been revealed between the contents of pollen grains of plantain and sorrel; cereals and wormwood; cereals and nettles; hazel and plantain. A significant, but less close negative relationship has been found between the numbers of pollen grains of poplar and maple. To account for the wind direction accompanying the transfer of the bioaerosol, daily radio sensing data for the period from April to August, 2010 to 2019, are used. As the main direction of transfer, the level of 925 hPa is chosen, which corresponds to heights from 500 to 900 m. These grouped data allow us to obtain "wind rose" diagrams combined with relative numbers of pollen grains of different species. An analysis of the thus obtained diagrams shows that in some years the highest concentration of birch pollen grains in May may not correspond to the prevailing direction of the main transport, which may be due to the influence of less distant emission sources.
Comparative computational performance of two different techniques for calculation of the sea surface height in a climate ocean model
Authors: Blagodatskikh D V , Onoprienko V A , Mortikov E V , Iakovlev N G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A modern trend in computational ocean modelling is based on an implicit calculation of the sea surface height, whereby a diagnostic equation is solved. In deriving this equation, in the INMCM5 climate model a time-stepping scheme used, where the stage of adjustment of the Coriolis force to the barotropic gradient is modeled separately, thereby leading to a two-dimensional system of equations with three independent variables. In this paper, an approach to derivation of the sea surface height equation in the climate ocean model is proposed, which allows a reduction of the independent variables from three to one. The computational efficiency of both methods is compared using an analytical solution for the equatorial baroclinic Kelvin wave as a test.