bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic thermolysis at atmospheric pressure followed by adsorption in treatment of coking wastewater
Authors: Verma Vibha , Joshi Nishant , Kushwaha Jaiprakash , Singh Santosh Bahadur , Ghosh Prabir , Chaudhari Parmesh Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wastewater generated from the coking processes has high load of organic as well as inorganic pollutants which requires the application of effective treatment techniques. In the present work, treatment of coking wastewater (CWW) through catalytic thermolysis has been carried out in batch mode with varying parameters such as type of catalyst, catalyst mass loading, pH, temperature and time. This process was followed by adsorption as second stage treatment process. The final parameters obtained are as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 20 mg/L, cyanide 0.42 mg/L and nil amount of phenol from the high initial organic and inorganic load. The study aims reduction of COD, phenol, and cyanide content in the wastewater to the permissible limits. The mechanism and kinetics of thermolysis process have been also presented in this study.
Predicting the replication fidelity of injection molded solid polymer microneedles
Authors: Evens Tim , Castagne Sylvie , Seveno David , Van Bael Albert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Microneedles are sharp microscopic features, which can be used for drug or vaccine delivery in a minimally invasive way. Recently, we developed a method to produce polymer microneedles using laser ablated molds in an injection molding process. At this moment, extensive injection molding experiments are needed to investigate the replication fidelity. Accurate predictions of the injection molding process would eliminate these costly and time expensive experiments. In this study, we evaluated the replication fidelity of solid polymer microneedles using numerical simulations and compared the results to injection molding experiments. This study was performed for different sizes of microneedles, different thermoplastics (polypropylene and polycarbonate) and different mold materials (tool steel, copper alloy and aluminium alloy). Moreover, different processing conditions and different locations of the microneedles on the macroscopic part were considered. A good correlation with experimental findings was achieved by optimizing the heat transfer coefficient between the polymer and the mold, while using a multiscale mesh with a sufficient number of mesh elements. Optimal heat transfer coefficients between 10,000 and 55,000 W/m2 K were found for the different combinations of polymer and mold materials, which resulted in an accuracy of the simulated microneedle replication fidelity between 94.5 and 97.0%.
Beyond emotional support: predictors of satisfaction and perceived care quality following the death of a baby during pregnancy
Authors: Cassidy Paul Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate which objective (actions/interventions) and subjective (perceptions of care quality) outcomes of care following stillbirth or termination of pregnancy predict perceived care quality.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study using an anonymous online survey. The population was women who had experienced a stillbirth or termination of pregnancy from ≥16 weeks of gestation, in the Spanish health system. Multiple sequential regression analysis was used to identify predictors of perceived care quality (satisfaction, willingness to recommend, competence and ability to provide loss-focused care).

Results
Results from 610 women were analysed. A significant regression equation (p<0.001) was found in each of the objective only and objective-subjective models. In the case of overall care (satisfaction-recommend composite), 72.0% of variance (adj. R2) was explained. In general, subjective evaluations of care are more potent predictors of perceived care quality than objective care interventions (e.g. autopsy performed). Feeling free to ‘express emotions’, ‘teamwork between doctors and nurses/midwives’, and ‘being well-informed of all steps and procedures’ were the three strongest predictors, followed by perception of ‘medical negligence’. Information provision and loss-focused interventions had the weakest influence, except in the specific ‘loss-focused’ model.

Conclusions
The results indicate that the ‘atmosphere’ of care is a transversal dimension related to the context of loss and trauma and has the single greatest influence on perceptions of care quality. It is necessary to use a specific ‘loss-focused’ care variable to adequately capture perceptions of the quality of bereavement care and a custom scale to measure the influence of care interventions on perceived quality.
The Pure Sky and the Eternal Return: Zarathustra’s Affirmative Atheism
Authors: Baker Gideon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Zarathustra initially describes churches as the stale caves of world-denying priests. However, following his encounter with the eternal return of the same, Zarathustra overcomes this resentful atheism. The pure sky that Zarathustra desires above all else, a sky emptied of the gods, is not visible again through the holes in ruined church roofs, but really thanks to these holes. The pure sky is an image of the world liberated from the teleological time of theistic providence, indeed even from the divine necessity that pantheism attributes to the world. Yet for all that it is god-less, the pure sky is acknowledged to be a gift of the same metaphysical-Christian history of God that it only seems to negate: the sky’s pure eye peers through holes in church roofs. Zarathustra, though an “old atheist,” can now love “even churches.” I call this Zarathustra’s affirmative atheism. I also link affirmative atheism to the conception of eternal recurrence as a self-abolishing anti-teaching. In the eternal return, Zarathustra’s atheism is finally indistinguishable from a history of churches and therefore negates itself. But although it is not a new teaching, affirmative atheism points to something novel. This is an atheism that can no longer be taught in doctrines but must be lived as fate.
Application of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose-methyl methacrylate copolymer emulsion in paper protection
Authors: Yang Zhonghua , Zhang Jinjie , Qi Yingping , Shen Yongfeng , Li Hua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Paper cultural relics are important historical and cultural heritage. However, they are easy to be damaged with time. In order to improve the mechanical strength, water resistance and delay aging of paper, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose-methyl methacrylate copolymer emulsion for paper protection was synthesized, with hydroxyethyl cellulose as the matrix, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate glycidyl methacrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate as the graft polymers. The prepared emulsion was applied to paper protection. By testing the effects of emulsion with different mass concentrations on the tensile strength, folding endurance, tear strength, whiteness and gloss of paper, the suitable conditions for the application of paper protection were found. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the paper coated with 10 % emulsion were significantly improved, and the gloss and whiteness were basically unchanged. The appearance of the paper did not change obviously, which was in line with the principle of “repair as old, keep the original”. At the same time, the aging resistance and water resistance experiments show that paper coated with the new material has certain aging resistance and water resistance. Therefore, the prepared hydroxyethyl cellulose-methyl methacrylate copolymer emulsion has great application prospects in the protection of paper.
Value-added analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus cell encapsulation using Eucheuma cottonii by freeze-drying and spray-drying
Authors: Yudiastuti Silvia Oktavia Nur , Kastaman Roni , Sukarminah Een , Mardawati Efri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The added value of Lactobacillus acidophilus encapsulation due to its production process is one of the first things that need to be known in calculating techno-economic analysis to determine the sustainability of its downstream. The result of value-added analysis plays an important role in determining which formulation, encapsulate material, and production process should be used. The inoculum media used were skimmed milk and whole milk, the coating material used in this study was Eucheuma cottonii, while the process variations used were spray-drying and freeze-drying methods. There were four treatments in the research that analyzed their added value. Determination of the best treatment was carried out through the scoring method on the value of cell viability, cell morphology, encapsulation effectiveness, process costs, cost of supporting materials, and added value of the product. Added value analysis was carried out using the Hayami and Kawagoe methods. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that added value is most influenced by process costs. The treatments selected were E. cottonii coating material, fresh milk inoculation medium, and spray-drying encapsulation method with an overall score of 22.
How are the United States Banks faring during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence of Economic Efficiency Measures
Authors: Sakouvogui Kekoura , Guilavogui Mama Genevieve 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to the current lockdown and restrictions related to the COVID-19, U.S. commercial and domestic banks are facing cashflow and financial difficulties. This has led to many vulnerable customers losing their source of income. In this paper, we examine the importance of financial liquidity and solvency on U.S. commercial and domestic banks’ efficiency during the COVID-19. This paper adopts the Data Envelopment Analysis’ estimator in a two-step procedure. First, economic efficiency measures of 16,830 December quarterly observations of U.S. commercial and domestic banks are estimated from December 2010 to December 2020. Within each year, 1,530 U.S. commercial and domestic banks are selected. Second, using Tobit and panel fixed effect regression models, the importance of both liquidity and solvency risks on economic efficiency during the COVID-19 is examined. Empirical estimates indicate that both liquidity and solvency financial factors negatively affect the economic efficiency measures of U.S. commercial and domestic banks during the COVID-19.
Fear and cultural background drive sexual prejudice in France – a sentiment analysis approach
Authors: Fronhofer N.-M. , Herbert C. , Durand V. , Alvergne A. , Raymond M. , Barkat-Defradas M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sexual prejudice and its negative consequences remain major issues in Western societies, and numerous studies have tried to pinpoint its sociocultural underpinnings. However, most research has operationalized sexual prejudice via self-report measures or via implicit association tests (IATs), although it surfaces in language use and can be traced in spontaneous speech.
Here, we report results from an experimental study investigating sexual prejudice in a corpus of spontaneous speech samples. Specifically, we tested in a context-sensitive sentiment analysis approach which attitudes (negative vs. positive) and emotions (joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust) were voiced by the participants in response to picture prompts displaying homosexual couples. We also considered the sociocultural basis of prejudicial attitudes, in particular the effects of the participants’ cultural background (France vs. Maghreb), age and gender. We find strong effects of cultural background and gender both on the frequency of negative vs. positive attitudes expressed, and on discrete emotion categories, namely that male Maghrebian participants were more negative and conveyed more fear. The results are discussed in the context of current diversity approaches in France and their implications for potential prejudice regulation strategies. We further discuss in how far our context-sensitive sentiment analysis approach advances research on sexual prejudice.
Adsorption behavior of chromium in an aqueous suspension of δ-alumina in absence and in presence of humic substances
Authors: El-sayed Ashraf A. , Aly Hisham F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The radioisotope Cr-51 was exploited for studying the chromium adsorption behavior in aqueous media of alumina in aqueous media. Where, it represents 1.8% by weight and exists in earth’s crust in different forms. Factors affecting this adsorption behavior are pH, amount of alumina and humic acid presence. In case of pH adsorption curves, three different areas under peak can be described based on pH changes which lead to the formation of different species too. The first area is the maximum constant adsorption at pH, range 1–3, the second one is adsorption decreasing with increasing pH through pH range 4–7 and the third one is step-down adsorption at higher pH range. The increasing amount of alumina leads to increase in the percent adsorption, where 10 and 2 g/l alumina were found to have 100% while in case of 0.2 g/l it is 80%. The presence of humic acid decreases the adsorption of chromate with increasing pH to be 30% comparing to 80% in case of 0.2 g/l alumna at pH 2. This can be also indicated by adsorption capacity which is found to be 436.8 μg/g in case of 0.2 g alumina; and it decreases in presence of Humic Acid (HA) to 145.8 μg/g at same weight of alumina. Also, the equilibrium capacities are found as 54.6 μg/g for 2 g/l and 1.2 μg/g for 10 g/l. Triple layer model (TLM) was used for simulation of chromium adsorption behavior in presence of alumina with the applied conditions of study. The results showed high coincidence with the practically found data.
Molecular crystals with a sole bearing contact: structural classes and statistical data
Authors: Banaru Alexander M. , Bond Andrew D. , Aksenov Sergey M. , Banaru Darya A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
All the structural classes (SCs) of molecular crystals, which are possible to be formed by a sole intermolecular bearing contact, are derived from 1,1- and 2,1-transitive nets. There are 160 (167 including enantiomorphic pairs) monosystemic SCs (in which the molecules occupy one crystallographic orbit) and 244 (248) bisystemic SCs (in which the molecules occupy two crystallographic orbits), i.e. 404 (411) SCs in all. These are the only SCs which can correspond to a homodesmic crystal structure, either organic, or inorganic, in which the structural units are bonded in a single way. Statistical investigation of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) shows that ∼1% of monosystemic molecular crystals can be formed by a sole intermolecular bearing contact.
Ordered CaCu5-type phases REPd2Zn3 (RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Dy)
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ternary intermetallic phases REPd2Zn3 (RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Dy) were synthesized from the elements by induction melting in sealed niobium ampoules followed by annealing. The CaCu5-type samples (space group P6/mmm) were characterized through Guinier powder patterns. The structures of YPd2Zn3 (a = 523.91(4), c = 430.88(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0570, 96 F
2 values, 9 variables) and NdPd2Zn3 (a = 535.08(7), c = 427.81(6) pm, wR2 = 0.0217, 123 F
2 values, 9 variables) were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The zinc atoms form Kagome layers in AA stacking which leave trigonal prismatic voids for the palladium and hexagonal prismatic voids for the rare earth atoms. The Zn–Zn distances within the Kagome network of YPd2Zn3 are 262 pm and the Pd–Zn distances in the Pd@Zn6 trigonal prisms are 263 pm.
The Importance of a Racially Diverse Sentencing Commission
Authors: Boss Barry , Kapp Kara 
Published: April 2022

2022 marks an important year for racial diversity in our criminal justice system. President Biden has just nominated the first black woman, Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court, and the Senate appears poised to add additional members to the United States Sentencing Commission. The Biden Administration has made clear its commitment to diversity in nominating candidates to the federal bench, the U.S. Attorney’s Office, and the U.S. Marshal Service. We write to explain the profound importance of extending this commitment to the Administration’s nominations to the Sentencing Commission.
The Commission has significant influence over the federal judiciary. Each day, the Commission’s published recommendations affect the sentencing decisions made by federal judges, decisions that affect people’s basic freedom, mental and physical health, and physical safety. Meaningful racial and ethnic diversity on the Commission is critical to preserve the public’s faith in the Commission’s recommendations. The racial and ethnic makeup of the Commission matters in part because the predominant groups being sentenced by the federal judges who follow the Commission’s recommendations are people of color. Given that people of color have made up the vast majority of those affected by the Commission’s recommendations in recent years, it is particularly important that the Commission meaningfully reflect the diversity of the groups most affected by its guidance. Meaningful diversity will both positively impact the public’s trust in this body and the substantive recommendations it publishes. Americans deserve a Commission that provides recommendations that are both substantively fair and also carry the appearance of fairness. It is thus critical that the makeup of the Commission reflect the populations most affected by its guidance.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN DAN PROMOSI PRODUK AMANAH TERHADAP MINAT MASYARAKAT KUTABUMI KABUPATEN TANGERANG MENGGUNAKAN PEGADAIAN SYARIAH
Authors: Jabbar Zarin Muhammad , Sirin Khaeron 
Published: April 2022

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang pengaruh variabel independen (X) yaitu pengetahuan dan promosi kepada variabel dependen (Y) minat terhadap minat masyarakat Kutabumi Kabupaten Tangerang menggunakan Pegadaian Syariah. Penelitian dilakukan karena masyarakat di hari ini mengetahui bahwa pegadaian hanya sebagai tempat menggadaikan barang. Fakta sebenarnya bahwa Pegadaian Syariah memiliki begitu banyak produk pemenuh kebutuhan masyarakat dalam upaya mencapai kehidupan sejahtera yang salah satunya adalah produk Amanah yang menjadi fokus kajian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil uji di lapangan menunjukan bahwa antara variabel independen yang dalam penelitian ini pengetahuan dan promosi memiliki pengaruh positif kepada variabel dependen, yaitu minat masyarakat Kutabumi di Kabupaten Tangerang, baik secara parsial dan juga secara simultan. Pengaruh pengetahuan dan promosi berpengaruh sebesar 59,8% yang diperoleh dari hasil uji koefisien determinasi pada masyarakat Kutabumi, Tangerang.Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Promosi, Minat, Produk Amanah, Pegadaian SyariahArtikel ini menjelaskan tentang pengaruh variabel independen (X) yaitu pengetahuan dan promosi kepada variabel dependen (Y) minat terhadap minat masyarakat Kutabumi Kabupaten Tangerang menggunakan Pegadaian Syariah. Penelitian dilakukan karena masyarakat di hari ini mengetahui bahwa pegadaian hanya sebagai tempat menggadaikan barang. Fakta sebenarnya bahwa Pegadaian Syariah memiliki begitu banyak produk pemenuh kebutuhan masyarakat dalam upaya mencapai kehidupan sejahtera yang salah satunya adalah produk Amanah yang menjadi fokus kajian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil uji di lapangan menunjukan bahwa antara variabel independen yang dalam penelitian ini pengetahuan dan promosi memiliki pengaruh positif kepada variabel dependen, yaitu minat masyarakat Kutabumi di Kabupaten Tangerang, baik secara parsial dan juga secara simultan. Pengaruh pengetahuan dan promosi berpengaruh sebesar 59,8% yang diperoleh dari hasil uji koefisien determinasi pada masyarakat Kutabumi, Tangerang. KataKunci:Pengetahuan, Promosi, Minat, Produk Amanah, Pegadaian Syariah
MENYINGKAP KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Mulkanasir Mulkanasir 
Published: April 2022

Kepemimpinan merupakan keniscayaan bagi setiap manusia sebagai instrument untuk menjalankan semua aktifitas baik yang berhubungan dengan aktivitras keduniaan maupun aktivitas yang bersifat keakhertan dan spiritual. Di dalam Islam kepemimpimpinan adalah suatu hal yang sangat penting dan tidak bisa dipisahkan dari setiap manuisa. Rasulullah SAW pernah bersabda dalam hadits shohihnya bahwa setiap kamu adalah pemimpin, dan setiap kamu pula akan ditanyakan bagaimana kepemimpinan kamu. Melihat sabda Nabi tersbut maka setiap manusia harus menjadi pemimpin dan memiliki kepemimpinan, baik untuk memimpin darinya, keluarganya, masyarakat lingkungannya bahkan dalam menjalankan kancah perpotikian di suatu negera tertentu, Dalam pembahasan ini penulis akan mencoba mengkaji dan menyingkap bagaimana kepemimpinan dalam Islam yang difokuskan pada bagaimana model, ciri, prinsip dan pesyaratan pemimpin dalam Islam. Dalam pengkajian tersebut ternayata dalam Islam kepemimpinan itu memiliki model-model, ciri-ciri tertentu, prinsip-prinsip dan persyaratan-persyaratan tertentu yang sangat memberikan inspirasi bagi orang-orang yang menyukai kebenaran dan berpegang teguh terhadap ajaran-ajaran agamanya.Kata Kunci: Menyingkap, kepemimpinan, Islam.
Sol–gel derived hydroxyapatite coating on titanium implants: Optimization of sol–gel process and engineering the interface
Authors: Jaafar Alaa , Schimpf Christian , Mandel Marcel , Hecker Christine , Rafaja David , Krüger Lutz , Arki Pal , Joseph Yvonne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSol–gel derived hydroxyapatite coatings on metallic implants are important to promote their osseointegration and biocompatibility. However, such coatings generally suffer from drawbacks that limit implant longevity. In this study, the sol gel process to prepare hydroxyapatite was optimized and used to deposit a hydroxyapatite layer on Ti6Al4V. Samples were pretreated by thermal oxidation, sol–gel coating, and anodization to produce titanium dioxide interlayers with various structures. The results of structural and thermal analysis have determined the optimal preparation parameters to produce monophasic and crystalline hydroxyapatite. The introduction of titanium dioxide intermediate layers produced crack-free hydroxyapatite films and promoted the adherence and integrity of the coating, where the adhesive strength was remarkably improved. Furthermore, potentiodynamic polarization tests in simulated body fluid revealed low corrosion rates and high protection property of the hydroxyapatite/titania coated samples, making these structures promising for the coatings of bone replacements.
Graphical abstract