bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Versus Absolute Performance Evaluation and CEO Decision-Making
Authors: Wruck Karen H. , Wu YiLin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe provide new evidence on how performance-based compensation plans affect CEO decision-making, especially risk-taking. Our main finding is that relative performance evaluation (RPE) plans provide incentives for CEOs to make decisions that generate more idiosyncratic performance outcomes; absolute performance evaluation (APE) plans do not. After switches from APE to RPE, the correlation between firm stock return and industry index return falls and firm idiosyncratic risk increases. Further, switches to RPE are followed by larger deviations in financial, investment, and operating policies from industry norms (i.e., more idiosyncratic strategies). All results are opposite for switches to APE.
Technological Fit and the Market for Managerial Talent
Authors: Bereskin Fred , Byun Seong K. , Oh Jong-Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe show that the similarity of a firm’s technological expertise with that of other firms affects managerial labor market outcomes. Using each firm’s patent portfolio to estimate its technological expertise, we find that its similarity in technological expertise with other firms is strongly related to the benchmark group used for CEO compensation and job transitions. Furthermore, we show that a firm’s CEO pay is positively associated with the CEO compensation levels of technologically similar firms. Our results thus demonstrate the crucial role of technological similarity in determining the value of outside options and the boundaries of the managerial labor market.
Bioactive glass (S53P4) as obliteration material in subtotal petrosectomy: initial experience
Authors: Lindeboom J J , Colnot D R , Buwalda J 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubtotal petrosectomy for chronic suppurative otitis media requires obliteration of the mastoid cavity and middle ear. Usually, abdominal fat is used for this purpose. However, infection is a risk of using fat, which might require revision surgery. The use of S53P4 bioactive glass with antibacterial properties seems an attractive alternative.MethodsTwo patients with a history of chronic suppurative otitis media, complicated by profound perceptive hearing loss, had already been surgically treated, and were thereafter extensively treated conservatively. Because of recurrent chronic otorrhoea and pain, subtotal petrosectomy with obliteration of the cavity with S53P4 bioactive glass was performed.ResultsFollow-up duration was 84 months and 18 months, respectively. No complications occurred peri-operatively. A dry ear was obtained and no late adverse events were observed.ConclusionS53P4 bioactive glass is feasible to use for obliteration after subtotal petrosectomy. Elimination of chronic suppurative otitis media can be achieved with this technique. The bioactive glass granules might be an attractive alternative to abdominal fat, which has a risk of infection.
The use of tissue sealant in parotidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rojoa D M , Raheman F J , Wright R , Ghosh S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
Drains are used post-parotidectomy to reduce seroma and haematoma formation. Tissue-derived thrombin sealant can enable a drainless procedure, allowing for an earlier discharge, less discomfort and a more cost-efficient method. This study aimed to assess whether tissue sealant improves wound-related outcomes in parotidectomy.

Method
A systematic literature review was performed using a standardised published methodology and custom database search strategy. A fixed-effect meta-analysis of the combined complications was conducted.

Results
Thirteen studies were identified relating to parotidectomy procedures using tissue sealants, of which nine were included in the quantitative synthesis. Our analysis suggested a reduction in the complication rates, including haematoma and seroma, with drainless parotidectomy procedures involving tissue sealant use when compared with conventional procedures with post-operative drain use.

Conclusion
Fibrin sealant in parotidectomy may be used to facilitate a drainless approach, expediting recovery and offering better comfort to patients.
Efficacy of flukicides on Fasciola gigantica, a food-borne zoonotic helminth affecting livestock in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Manjurul , Roy Babul Chandra , Biswas Hiranmoy , Rahman Moizur , Anisuzzaman Anisuzzaman , Alam Mohammad Zahangir , Talukder Md. Hasanuzzaman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFasciola gigantica, the causative agent of tropical fasciolosis, is a food-borne zoonotic trematode that affects around 80% livestock of Bangladesh. Triclabendazole (TCBZ), nitroxynil (NTON) and oxyclozanide (OCZN) are frequently used against fascioliasis; however, the current status of potency of these flukicides was unknown. In this study, in vitro efficacy of TCBZ, NTON and OCZN at various concentrations on F. gigantica has been evaluated by relative motility (RM), morphological distortions of apical cone through an inverted microscope, architectural and ultra-structural changes through histopathological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is observed that TCBZ, NTON and OCZN at higher concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) reduced RM of the flukes compared to untreated control. NTON at 150 μg mL−1 was the most potent to reduce the motility within 4 h whereas TCBZ and OCZN were much delayed. Histopathological changes showed swollen, extensive cracking, numerous vacuoles and splitting of the tegument surrounding the spines; spine dislodged from its socket in treated flukes compared to untreated worms. Histopathological changes were more conspicuous at higher doses of TCBZ, NTON and OCZN. SEM has shown the disruption of the apical cone, apart from swelling of the tegument on the ventral surface corrugation and disruption of the ventral apical cone. All these changes indicate that NTON is the most potent in killing flukes in vitro among the tested flukicides and suggest the presence of TCBZ-resistant fluke populations in Bangladesh. It is imperative to explore the in vivo effects of these flukicides and subsequently their molecular mechanisms.
Does Opisthorchis viverrini circulate between humans and domestic cats in an endemic area in Thailand?
Authors: Sota Pornphutthachat , Suttiprapa Sutas , Tangkawattana Sirikachorn , Sripa Manop , Blair David , Sripa Banchob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a foodborne trematode that, in chronic infection, is a leading cause of bile-duct cancer – cholangiocarcinoma. Cats and dogs are acknowledged as reservoir hosts of this parasite. However, this assumption is based on morphological similarity of flukes recovered from these hosts, without any molecular genetic evidence. The aim of this study was to obtain molecular data from O. viverrini eggs present in feces of humans and cats in the same locality in Thanya sub-district, Kalasin, Thailand. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was used as the marker for a population-genetic study. A DNA fragment of the cox1 gene was amplified from stool samples and subjected to nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses were performed. The cox1 sequences of O. viverrini eggs from humans and cats largely formed separate clades on the phylogenetic trees, with an Fst value of 0.64 (P < 0.05), indicating largely distinct populations in the 2 species. However, 5 samples from cats were placed in the human cluster and 1 sample from a human was placed in the cat cluster. This suggests that host specificity of ‘human’ and ‘cat’ clades is not absolute. These results indicate that there are 2 populations of O. viverrini, one circulates primarily in humans and the other in cats. However, cross-transmission can occur between these 2 hosts. Taken altogether, the population-genetic evidence from this study partially supports the assumption that the cat can act as a reservoir host of O. viverrini.
Climate predictors and climate change projections for avian haemosporidian prevalence in Mexico
Authors: Ortega-Guzmán Larissa , Rojas-Soto Octavio , Santiago-Alarcon Diego , Huber-Sannwald Elisabeth , Chapa-Vargas Leonardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong-term, inter-annual and seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation influence the distribution and prevalence of intraerythrocytic haemosporidian parasites. We characterized the climatic niche behind the prevalence of the three main haemosporidian genera (Haemoproteus,PlasmodiumandLeucocytozoon) in central-eastern Mexico, to understand their main climate drivers. Then, we projected the influence of climate change over prevalence distribution in the region. Using the MaxEnt modelling algorithm, we assessed the relative contribution of bioclimatic predictor variables to identify those most influential to haemosporidian prevalence in different avian communities within the region. Two contrasting climate change scenarios for 2070 were used to create distribution models to explain spatial turnover in prevalence caused by climate change. We assigned our study sites into polygonal operational climatic units (OCUs) and used the general haemosporidian prevalence for each OCU to indirectly measure environmental suitability for these parasites. A high statistical association between global prevalence and the bioclimatic variables ‘mean diurnal temperature range’ and ‘annual temperature range’ was found. Climate change projections for 2070 showed a significant modification of the current distribution of suitable climate areas for haemosporidians in the study region.
A cross-lagged prospective network analysis of depression and anxiety and cognitive functioning components in midlife community adult women
Authors: Zainal Nur Hani , Newman Michelle G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundScar theory proposes that heightened depression and anxiety precede and predict worse cognitive functioning outcomes, whereas the vulnerability theory posits the opposite pathway. However, most investigations on this topic have been cross-sectional, precluding causal inferences. Thus, we used cross-lagged prospective network analyses to facilitate causal inferences in understanding the relations between psychopathology and cognitive functioning components.MethodsRacially-diverse midlife women (n = 1816) participated in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation at two time-points, spanning one year apart. Five psychopathology (anxiety severity, depressed mood, somatic symptoms, positive affect, interpersonal problems) and four cognitive functioning nodes (working memory (WM), processing speed (PS), facial recognition (FCR), and verbal memory (VRM)) were assessed. All analyses adjusted for age, menopausal status, estradiol, and follicle-stimulating hormones.ResultsContemporaneous networks yielded notable inverse between-node relations (edges) between interpersonal problems and reduced FCR and PS, and between depressed mood and lower FCR, VRM, or PS. Nodes that had the highest likelihood to bridge other constructs were positive affect, anxiety severity, WM, and VRM. Temporal networks produced edges consistent with the scar (v. vulnerability) hypotheses. Higher somatic symptoms were related to reduced PS and WM, and greater depressed mood was correlated with lower future PS and WM. Also, higher anxiety severity coincided with decreased future PS and WM. Greater positive affect was associated with stronger future PS, FCR, and WM. Also, positive affect had the strongest relations with other nodes.ConclusionsFindings suggest the importance of targeting symptoms and cognitive functioning simultaneously.
Associations of neuroimaging markers with depressive symptoms over time in middle-aged and elderly persons
Authors: Özel Fatih , Hilal Saima , de Feijter Maud , van der Velpen Isabelle , Direk Nese , Ikram M. Arfan , Vernooij Meike W. , Luik Annemarie I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCerebrovascular disease is regarded as a potential cause of late-life depression. Yet, evidence for associations of neuroimaging markers of vascular brain disease with depressive symptoms is inconclusive. We examined the associations of neuroimaging markers and depressive symptoms in a large population-based study of middle-aged and elderly persons over time.MethodsA total of 4943 participants (mean age = 64.6 ± 11.1 years, 55.7% women) from the Rotterdam Study were included. At baseline, total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, white matter hyperintensities volume, cortical infarcts, lacunar infarcts, microbleeds, white matter fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured with a brain MRI (1.5T). Depressive symptoms were assessed twice with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (median follow-up time: 5.5 years, IQR = 0.9). To assess temporal associations of neuroimaging markers and depressive symptoms, linear mixed models were used.ResultsA smaller total brain volume (β = −0.107, 95% CI −0.192 to −0.022), larger white matter hyperintensities volume (β = 0.047, 95% CI 0.010–0.084), presence of cortical infarcts (β = 0.194, 95% CI 0.047–0.341), and higher MD levels (β = 0.060, 95% CI 0.022–0.098) were cross-sectionally associated with more depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analyses showed that small total brain volume (β = −0.091, 95% CI −0.167 to −0.015) and presence of cortical infarcts (β = 0.168, 95% CI 0.022–0.314) were associated with increasing depressive symptoms over time. After stratification on age, effect sizes were more pronounced at older ages.ConclusionsNeuroimaging markers of white matter microstructural damage were associated with depressive symptoms longitudinally in this study of middle-aged and elderly persons. These associations were more pronounced at older ages, providing evidence for the role of white matter structure in late-life depressive symptomatology.
Variation in soil organic carbon stocks in Singapore with forest succession and land management
Authors: Kleine Michael , Ghosh Subhadip , Leitgeb Ernst , Berger Ambros , Ibrahim Hassan bin , Gschwantner Thomas , Ow Lai Fern , Michel Kerstin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLand-use changes and forest management decisions can profoundly alter soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether existing SOC stocks in the forests of Singapore can be related to successional stages of forest vegetation following disturbances. A forest classification system was developed using information about land use history and vegetation data from 21 inventory plots collected within the framework of Singapore’s IPCC-compatible greenhouse gas reporting system. The forest successional classes obtained were related to SOC stocks (0–50 cm) determined on the same plots. The inventory plots were assigned to four classes. Primary forests (Class 1) were dominated by late succession native species. Secondary forests representing natural forest succession (Class 2) contained younger native trees and a few large trees. Secondary forests after tree plantation/fruit orchard (Class 3) and after agricultural crop cultivation (Class 4) were characterised by large proportions of exotic tree species. Maximum stocks of SOC declined from Class 1 (127.7 Mg ha−1) to Class 4 (35.2 Mg ha−1). The results of a principal component analysis confirmed our forest classification. Plant-related parameters can be successfully used to classify the forests in Singapore, which also show clear differences in SOC.
Decoupling Decorations on Moduli Spaces of Manifolds
Authors: BONATTO LUCIANA BASUALDO 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study moduli spaces of d-dimensional manifolds with embedded particles and discs, which we refer to as decorations. These spaces admit a model in which points are unparametrised d-dimensional manifolds in
$\mathbb{R}^\infty$
with particles and discs constrained to it. We compare this to the space of d-dimensional manifolds in
$\mathbb{R}^\infty$
with particles and discs that are no longer constrained, i.e. the decorations are decoupled. We show that under certain conditions these spaces cannot be distinguished by homology groups within a range. This generalises work by Bödigheimer–Tillmann for oriented surfaces to different tangential structures and also to higher dimensional manifolds. We also extend this result to moduli spaces with more general submanifolds as decorations and specialise in the case of decorations being embedded circles.
Plasmid profile analysis ofEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericaisolated from pigs, pork and humans
Authors: Puangseree Jiratchaya , Prathan Rangsiya , Srisanga Songsak , Angkittitrakul Sunpetch , Chuanchuen Rungtip 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the epidemiology and association of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amongEscherichia coliandSalmonellain Thailand. TheE. coli(n= 1047) andSalmonella(n= 816) isolates from pigs, pork and humans were screened for 18 replicons including HI1, HI2, I1-γ, X, L/M, N, FIA, FIB, W, Y, P, FIC, A/C, T, FIIAs, F, K and B/O using polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing. TheE. coli(n= 26) andSalmonella(n= 3) isolates carrying IncF family replicons, ESBL and/ormcrgenes were determined for FAB formula. IncF represented the major type of plasmids. Sixteen and eleven Inc groups were identified inE. coli(85.3%) andSalmonella(25.7%), respectively. The predominant replicon patterns betweenE. coliandSalmonellawere IncK-F (23.7%) and IncF (46.2%). Significant correlations (P< 0.05) were observed between plasmid-replicon type and resistance phenotype. Plasmid replicon types were significantly different among sources of isolates and sampling periods. The most common FAB types betweenE. coliandSalmonellawere F2:A-:B- (30.8%) and S1:A-:B- (66.7%), respectively. In conclusion, various plasmids present inE. coliandSalmonella. Responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials is suggested to reduce the selective pressures that favour the spread of AMR determinants. Further studies to understand the evolution of R plasmids and their contribution to the dissemination of AMR genes are warranted.
The mosaic of AII amacrine cell bodies in rat retina is indistinguishable from a random distribution
Authors: Liu Jian Hao , Peter David Olukoya , Faldalen Guttormsen Maren Sofie , Hossain Md Kaykobad , Gerking Yola , Veruki Margaret Lin , Hartveit Espen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe vertebrate retina contains a large number of different types of neurons that can be distinguished by their morphological properties. Assuming that no location should be without a contribution from the circuitry and function linked to a specific type of neuron, it is expected that the dendritic trees of neurons belonging to a type will cover the retina in a regular manner. Thus, for most types of neurons, the contribution to visual processing is thought to be independent of the exact location of individual neurons across the retina. Here, we have investigated the distribution of AII amacrine cells in rat retina. The AII is a multifunctional amacrine cell found in mammals and involved in synaptic microcircuits that contribute to visual processing under both scotopic and photopic conditions. Previous investigations have suggested that AIIs are regularly distributed, with a nearest-neighbor distance regularity index of ~4. It has been argued, however, that this presumed regularity results from treating somas as points, without taking into account their actual spatial extent which constrains the location of other cells of the same type. When we simulated random distributions of cell bodies with size and density similar to real AIIs, we confirmed that the simulated distributions could not be distinguished from the distributions observed experimentally for AIIs in different regions and eccentricities of the retina. The developmental mechanisms that generate the observed distributions of AIIs remain to be investigated.
X-ray Spectrometry in the Era of Aberration-Corrected Electron Optical Beam Lines
Authors: Zaluzec Nestor J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aberration correction in the analytical transmission electron microscope is most closely associated with improvements in high-resolution imaging. In this paper, the combination of that technology with new system designs, which optimize both electron optics and x-ray detection, is shown to provide more than a tenfold increase in performance over the last 25 years.
BOUNDED COHOMOLOGY AND BINATE GROUPS
Authors: FOURNIER-FACIO FRANCESCO , LÖH CLARA , MORASCHINI MARCO 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA group is boundedly acyclic if its bounded cohomology with trivial real coefficients vanishes in all positive degrees. Amenable groups are boundedly acyclic, while the first nonamenable examples are the group of compactly supported homeomorphisms of$ {\mathbb {R}}^{n}$(Matsumoto–Morita) and mitotic groups (Löh). We prove that binate (alias pseudo-mitotic) groups are boundedly acyclic, which provides a unifying approach to the aforementioned results. Moreover, we show that binate groups are universally boundedly acyclic. We obtain several new examples of boundedly acyclic groups as well as computations of the bounded cohomology of certain groups acting on the circle. In particular, we discuss how these results suggest that the bounded cohomology of the Thompson groupsF,T, andVis as simple as possible.
Morphological description based on DUS characters and molecular characterization of ‘Sikkim Primitive’ maize: an endangered unique genetic resource
Authors: Kapoor Chandan , Singh Shweta , Avasthe R. K. , Raj Chandramani , Singh Matber , Lepcha Hissay L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract‘Sikkim Primitive’ (SP) maize locally known as ‘murali makkai’ in Sikkim is a unique genetic resource exhibiting prolificacy and excellent popping capacity. Status of SP has reached extinction level due to its very small population size and neglected conservation efforts in-situ. In an initial effort to conserve and revive this landrace, characterization and documentation was carried out with 31 morphologically assayed traits recorded at different growth stages along with molecular characterization with simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Plants exhibited prolificacy (5–6 cobs/plant) and excellent popping capacity along with other distinct traits. Plants were tall with thin stem, loose drooping tassel with anthocyanin coloration present at the base of glumes and in brace roots. Cobs were medium sized carrying small seeds with low test weight (87.90 g). A total of 22 SSR markers show amplification in murali makkai with markers bnlg1083, umc1353, umc1128, bnlg1017, bnlg2077, umc2298 and umc2373 amplified unique amplicons ranging from 100 to 800 bp. The characterized set of traits and molecular characterization for murali makkai will facilitate in utilization for genetic improvement and maintenance of genetic purity.