bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Intervention Provides Better Outcomes for Hip Fracture in Extremely Old Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Wang Suo-hsien , Chang Chia-Wei , Chai Shion Wei , Huang Ting-shuo , Soong Rueyshyang , Fu Tsai-sheng , Lau Ngi-Chiong , Chien Chih Ying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hip fracture is a common disease in the elderly. Among these patients, surgical intervention for hip fracture should be carefully considered because of old age and multiple comorbidities. There are still insufficient comparisons between patients treated with surgery and those treated non-surgically.OBJECTIVES: We studied hip fracture patients >90 years of age to compare the different outcomes between surgical and non-surgical treatments.DESIGN: Retrospective observational study.METHODS: Patients aged > 90 years who visited the emergency department with hip fractures between March 2010 and October 2019 were identified. Overall survival was estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. We compared the mortality rates at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years between surgical and non-surgical patients. We also recorded the length of hospital stay, intra-admission, and 30-day complication and readmission rates.RESULTS: A total of 152 patients who underwent surgery (OP group) and 32 who received conservative treatment (non-OP group) were included. The estimated median survival time was 58.47 months in the OP group, which was significantly higher than the 24.28 months in the non-OP group. After adjusting for covariates, including age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), injury severity score, and fracture type, the risk of death was reduced by surgery (hazard ratio [HR]=0.427; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.207-0.882; p=0.021). CCI was also an independent risk factor for poor survival rate (HR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.115-1.515; p=0.001). After adjusting for several factors, surgery within 48 h improved overall survival (HR: 2.518; 95% CI: 1.299-4.879; p=0.006).CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that surgery is likely to provide better outcomes for extremely old patients with hip fractures. Operative management should be recommended because it decreases the short-term complication rate and provides better long-term survival than non-operative management. Operation performed within 48 h of admission has better overall survival than that performed after >48 hours.
GIS-Based Mapping of Geotechnical and Geophysical Properties of Lahore Soils
Authors: Daniyal Muhammad , Sohail Ghulam Mohyuddin , Rashid Hafiz Muhammad Awais 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The spatial distribution of geotechnical and geophysical properties of soil delineates the subsurface soil type and condition necessary to ensure structural safety and serviceability, detailed investigations for engineering projects, and the foundation design under static and seismic loading conditions. This study presents the spatial distribution of soil type, standard penetration test (SPT) N values, bearing capacity, groundwater depth, and shear wave velocity using the database from sixty-five boreholes in GIS (geographical information system) software. The data were processed and interpreted through geostatistical contouring techniques (e.g., kriging and inverse distance weightage). The cross-plots were generated further to facilitate the interpretation of contour maps at unsampled locations. A correlation was established between measured and estimated shear wave velocity and standard penetration test N-values for the study area. It was then tested against the literature-based correlations to enhance the reliability of predicted geotechnical properties. A correlation coefficient of 0.77 between measured and predicted SPT N values improves the reliability of estimated properties (e.g., bearing capacity, shear wave velocity) at unsampled locations. The SPT N values, shear wave velocity, and allowable bearing capacity seem to be interdependent and varied with soil type and may be used for soil characterization and shallow foundation design at undrilled locations. The geotechnical maps generated in this study for Lahore city are novel and consistent with the soil types of the study area. Geotechnical engineers can use these maps for preparing geotechnical reports for the study area.
Evaluation of Visual and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Implantation of Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lenses in Patients Not Suitable for Multifocal Lenses
Authors: Álvarez-García María Teresa , Fuente-García Carlota , Muñoz-Puyol Cristina , Piñero David P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the visual and patient-reported outcomes of patients undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of an extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) who were not good candidates for multifocal IOL implantation
Methods
Retrospective analysis of data from 30 eyes (23 patients) undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of one of two EDOF IOLs (follow-up: 37.9 ± 16.2 months), and prospective observational study including 106 eyes (78 patients) implanted with one of 6 different EDOF models (follow-up: 8.0 ± 7.7 months). Patients recruited had one of the following conditions: monofocal IOL implanted in the fellow eye, previous corneal refractive surgery, mild and non-progressive maculopathy or glaucoma, age > 75 years, amblyopia, or previous vitrectomy.
Results
In the retrospective phase, significant improvements were found in uncorrected distance (UDVA), corrected distance (CDVA) and corrected near visual acuity (CNVA) (p ≤ 0.013), with a non-significant trend to improvement in uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA). A total of 90% of patients were completely to moderately satisfied with the outcome achieved. In the prospective phase, significant improvements were found in UDVA, CDVA, UNVA and CNVA (p ≤ 0.032), with a total of 85.5% of patients being completely to moderately satisfied (dissatisfaction 3.3%). In both phases, extreme difficulties were only reported by a limited percentage of patients for performing some near vision activities.
Conclusions
EDOF IOLs should be considered as a new therapeutic option in this type of patients, being a viable alternative to monofocal IOLs.
The association of serum immunoglobulins with risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Khan Samer R. , Dalm Virgil A.S.H. , Ikram M. Kamran , Peeters Robin P. , Hagen P. Martin van , Kavousi Maryam , Chaker Layal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Inflammation is implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the association of total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M with CVD across the whole spectrum of atherosclerosis in community-dwelling elderly is unknown. Methods: This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study, an ongoing population-based cohort study. We performed Cox regression for the associations of Igs with incident atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD; composite of myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stroke), cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality, and multinomial logistic regression for the association between Igs and coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores. We adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors and presented results per standard deviation increase. Results: We included 8,767 participants (median age 62.2 years, 57% women). IgG was associated with an increased ACVD risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.01-1.15). IgA and IgG were associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality risk, mainly within Ig reference ranges, and with an increased all-cause mortality risk, although less marked. IgA was associated with severe atherosclerosis, i.e. CAC score >400 (odds ratio: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.62), while for IgG a trend was seen with severe atherosclerosis. Conclusion: In middle-aged and older individuals from the general population, serum IgA and IgG, but not IgM, are associated with CVD, cardiovascular mortality, and severe atherosclerosis, particularly within Ig reference ranges and independent of serum C-reactive protein. Future studies are needed to elucidate potential causality of the reported associations.
Reliability Metrics of Explainable CNN based on Wasserstein Distance for Cardiac Evaluation
Authors: Omae Yuto , Kakimoto Yohei , Saito Yuki , Fukamachi Daisuke , Nagashima Koichi , Okumura Yasuo , Toyotani Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent works, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been used in the non-invasive examination of the cardiac region for estimating pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) from chest radiographs.Moreover, because CNNs are able to output activated regions, physicians can estimate PAWP along with reasons. However, when new patient radiograph data are fed into the CNN, there is a possibility that activated regions that contain areas other than the cardiac appear.In this case, although we expect a large estimation error, it is not well known.Therefore, we verify this hypothesis by distance theory and statistic approaches.In particular, we build the probability distributions for the cardiac region and the regression activation map (RAM) and measure the similarity between these distributions by Wasserstein distance (WSD).When the CNN estimates PAWP from areas other than the cardiac region, the WSD value is high.Therefore, WSD is a reliability metrics for explainable CNN.We created two groups, normal and anomaly classes, based on WSD values.Chest radiographs which had a high WSD were assigned to the anomaly class, and those with a low WSD were assigned to the normal class. By comparing the normal and anomaly classes based on the PAWP estimation error, we confirmed that the errors from the anomaly class were higher than those of the normal class.Therefore, physicians need to be aware that there might be large estimation errors when activated regions contain areas other than the cardiac.
Pneumonia Classification: A limited data approach for global understanding
Authors: Haque Anwar ul , Ghnai Sayeed , Saeed Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the evolution of the human race, the associated diseases have also evolved. Pneumonia treated as the simple flu and allergy in the early stages of its inception is now threatening to humankind in various shapes like SARs and Covid. The advanced disease requires equal treatments and diagnosis. Our research tried to find and classify pneumonia inflammation within chest x-rays (CXR) with very limited datasets and has attempted to ensure a global perspective, i.e. one that addresses all possible inflammation regions within the CXR. In addition to having medical grade classification outputs in terms of accuracy and recall, we have also guaranteed to meet the medical requirements of classification justification with the help of modified class activation maps (mCAM). The training of a model having a global perspective understanding is carried out with the help of capsules network cluster (CsNC), which enables us to learn various geometrical, orientation, and positional views of the inflammation within the CXR. Our 16-capsules cluster helped understand different views easily within the same CXR without going through any image augmentation, as generally required by current detection models, thus reducing the overall training and evaluation time. We performed extensive experiments on the RSNA pneumonia dataset of CXR images using a set of evaluation metrics. We have been able to acquire up to 98.3% accuracy with a 99.5% recall during our final trials. We tested our final trained model over generic x-ray images acquired from clinics and found promising results over that.
Natural Resources Abundance and Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria
Authors: Jato Terungwa Paul J. , Ayaga Joyce Mbakosun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Since the “Dutch disease”, more studies are establishing a negative relationship between natural resource abundance and a nation’s economic performance that have termed a ‘resource curse’. Nigeria being of such countries with abundant natural resources this study sought to examine the impact of natural resources abundance on the performance of selected macroeconomic development. Annual time series data from 1981–2021 about the variables were obtained from various sources like Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank data base were used for the analysis. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was adopted. The results obtained indicate that natural resource abundance (in terms of crude oil and natural gas revenue, mineral rent, oil rent and solid mineral revenue) have: 1) mix and unfavourable effect on balance of payments in both short and long run; 2) a positive effect on income per head in the short run and long run, but with the short-run effect different from that of the long run; and 3) only long-run positive effect on unemployment rate, with crude oil and natural gas revenue having a negative effect. Thus, natural resources considered have significant effect on gross domestic product per capital but do not have the desired effect on balance of payments and unemployment rate. This le to the conclusion that Nigeria’s abundant natural resource have only partial impart on macroeconomic performance. These findings will help to drive policy towards optimal natural resource utilization for enhanced macroeconomic performance as suggested.Jel Codes: E24, O11, O13, Q32, Q33
Factors Influencing Continuance Intentions of Unified Payment Interface (UPI) users
Authors: kaur sandeep 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The with development of smartphones, technology has played a greater role in recent years, drastically altering how we trade in daily life. Now that all payments and transactions take place online, life has gotten more simpler. This accelerated the development of the UPI platform. The goal of the current study is to gauge user satisfaction and continuance intentions for UPI. This study develops a research model using personal innovativeness and pace of innovation to predict the continuance intention toward UPI based on the Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). We conduct an online survey to collect data from participants who have used UPI. The research model is tested in this study utilising a partial least squares structural equation model with 651 valid replies. According to our findings, satisfaction with UPI serves as a mediator between antecedents and continuing intentions by positively affecting them. This paper explores theoretical implications for the UTAUT and offers an insight of how to manage UPI in India on a practical level.
Walkability in Digital Era: A ‘Futures Study’ in Tehran
Authors: Mirzaei Mohammadreza , Poor Mahtab Baghaie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) affects most of the cultural, social, economic, and physical dynamics of cities and makes the future of urban development difficult to predict. In the digital era, walkability needs to be preserved as a principle in urban design. Tajrish and Velenjak Neighborhoods in District One of Tehran Municipality (TVNDOTM) possess walkable neighborhood qualities and currently, ICT can change these qualities more than before. This paper seeks to find various scenarios that explain the impact of ICT on the walkability in TVNDOTM by studying the future status of major factors. Walkability indices in our case study were refined based on the views of 32 experts selected with the snowball technique. MicMac and ScenarioWizard were used to determine the key drivers and identify scenarios with consistent components, respectively. Results show that the future of walkability in TVNDOTM under the effects of ICT is not precisely predictable and both states of weakening or strengthening the walkability are probable. This research encourages urban planners and designers to make a conscious effort in facilitating the favorable scenario to take place in urban neighborhoods among all the possible ways in which ICT changes urban walkability.
Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 controls axonal morphogenesis during neuronal development
Authors: Cho Bongki , Shim Tammy , Kim Jae Yeon , Kim WonCheol , Lee Yun-Il , Moon Cheil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Neuritogenesis is critical for the establishment of proper neuronal connections during brain development. Thus, its failure causes neurodevelopmental defects such as intellectual disabilities. Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin-ligase complexes are involved in neurodevelopmental processes including neurite outgrowth, migration, and differentiation via regulation of protein stability. In this study, we demonstrate a novel regulatory function of Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin-ligase 4 (CRL4) in neurite morphogenesis during early neurodevelopment. Cul4a and Cul4b, core scaffold proteins of CRL4, are highly expressed and activated in the cytosolic compartment of developing neuron, and they are regulated by neuronal stimulation via N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling. CRL4 also interacts with cytoskeleton-regulating proteins involved in neurite morphogenesis in neurons. Notably, CRL4 inhibition enhances axonal extension and branching in developing neurons. Conversely, Cul4a overexpression suppresses basal and NMDA-enhanced axonal outgrowth. Furthermore, CRL4 regulates the stability of Doublecortin protein recruited by Cereblon. Taken together, we suggest a novel role of CRL4 in proper axonal morphogenesis in developing neurons by regulating cytoskeleton-regulating proteins.
Incidence and Predictors of Post Stroke Seizure among Adult Stroke Patients in Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2021: A Retrospective Follow up Study
Authors: Zewdu Dagmawit , Lidetu Tadios , *  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
A seizure is an episode of neurological dysfunction caused by abnormal neuronal activity. Post stroke seizure affects patients’ lives and increase mortality in patients with stroke. It also negatively affects the prognosis of stroke. However, literatures on the occurrence of post-stroke seizure are scanty in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of post-stroke seizure in west Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2021.
Methods
An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted at western Amhara region from September 20/2021, to October 10 / 2021. Patients who included in this study were come from western Amhara region and that admitted at Felege Hiwot compressive specialized hospital stroke care center. Charts of 568 stroke patients were reviewed through a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and log-binomial regressions model were applied.
Result
The cumulative incidence and incidence density rate of seizure were 22.18% and 37/1000 persons per day observation respectively. Older age group (ARR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.33–4.69), haemorrhagic stroke (ARR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.25–3.17), Surgical intervention (ARR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.22–2.81) and tramadol medication (ARR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.22–2.81) were found as the significant risk factors of post stroke seizure.
Conclusion
This study found that older age, hemorrhagic type of stroke, surgical management and use of Tramadol anti-pain medication were found as risk factors that increase the risk of post-stroke seizure. Thus, health care professionals shall give special attention and clinical care accordingly for patients with risk factors of post-stroke seizure.
Multimodal Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Early Diagnosing Program Based on Clinical Process
Authors: Ma Jingyi , Lv Bin , Li Yuanyuan , Fan Pan , Zhao Xu , Yuan Huiping , Zhang Yingtao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blinding disease. Early detection can improve patients’ quality of vision. Effectively identifying primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using structural and functional examination is critical. Computer aided diagnosis of glaucoma requires multimodal data to find an accurate model for early glaucoma diagnosis. Methods: This study collected 87 early POAG eyes, 85 suspected POAG eyes, and 129 healthy eyes from the ophthalmology department at Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLt), intraocular pressure (IOP) value, visual field examination parameters and age were obtained. A powerful deep learning network segmented the FP and extracted optic nerve head (ONH) features. Machine learning classifiers (MLCs) were adopted to get the final classification results and compared with the diagnosis results of glaucoma specialists and general non-glaucoma ophthalmologists. Result: The program diagnosing early POAG, suspected POAG, and healthy eyes made overall Area Under the Curve of 0.97. Dice of optic disc and optic cup segmentation is 0.9631, 0.8435 respectively. Accuracy of the program (0.9004) is higher than general ophthalmologists (0.8195). Specificity of the program (0.9635) is higher than glaucoma specialists (0.9366).Conclusions: The program delivers superior results in diagnosing early POAG. This study’s hybrid deep learning-machine learning framework can assist with clinical decision for early POAG effectively.
Utilization of inpatient ophthalmology services in Taiwan—A nationwide population study
Authors: Hsu Chia-An , Hsu Min-Huei , Yen Ju-Chuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
(1) Background: This study attempted to illustrate the demographic of inpatient eye service from 19997 to 2011 in Taiwan; (2) Methods: This study utilized Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Admission records of eye service that occurred since 1997 and until 2011 were included. Records were separated into operative and non-operative. The records were further divided according to their time: a group of early time before 2006 and a late one after 2006; (3) Results: Patients’ mean age were 56 and 44 years for operative and non-operative records. The sex ratio (male to female) was 1.3, and the average of admission duration was 4 days. The average spending was around 1000 United State Dollars per admission and a gradually upgoing trend was also noted. The number of inpatient eye services decreased over time, from 3,248 to 2,174 in the studied period. Cases admitted for operation primarily underwent cataract surgery, vitrectomy, and scleral buckling during the studied period. Trabeculectomy emerged as another major indication of admission during the later time. Cases admitted for non-operative management were primarily corneal ulcer, glaucoma, and infection, including orbital cellulitis and lid abscess. Corneal ulcers made up a major proportion of admission records in the non-operative group during both periods; (4) Conclusions: This study described the demographics of inpatient eye service in Taiwan. Ophthalmologist, especially trainees, and officials could make better policies according to the presented results in this study.
Effect of Irrigation Regime and Water Salinity on Grapefruit Quality1
Authors: Levy Yoseph , Shalhevet J. , Bielorai H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stress caused by irrigation at long intervals or by irrigation with artificially salinized water had a similar effect on juice constituents of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.). Fruit physical parameters were affected only by irrigation water stress and not by salinity.