bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of novel pathogenic roles of BLZF1/ATF6 in tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor mediated by Golgi-localized mutant KIT
Authors: Kwon Yujin , Kim Jiyoon , Cho Su-Yeon , Kang Yoon Jin , Hwang Min , Lee Jongsoo , Kwon Jaeyoung , Rhee Hyungjin , Bauer Sebastian , Kim Hyung-Sik , Lee Esak , Kim Han Sang , Kim Hoguen , Kim Won Kyu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) frequently show KIT mutations, accompanied by overexpression and aberrant localization of mutant KIT (MT-KIT). However, it remains unclear how MT-KIT contributes to GIST pathogenesis.
Methods
To evaluate the expression, localization and stability of wild type KIT (WT-KIT) and MT-KIT, we performed western blotting, biotinylation assays and confocal microscopic analysis using GIST and colon cancer cells. Colocalization of MT-KIT with GRB2, P85, or BLZF1 was examined using immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. We screened various WT- and MT-KIT expressing cancer cell lines to identify a regulator of unfolded protein response (UPR) in GISTs. The effect of ATF6 inhibitors were examined in a tetrazolium-based MTT assay and GIST xenograft models. Immunohistochemistry analysis of ATF6 was performed using GIST tissues.
Results
We discovered that MT-KIT initiates downstream signaling in the Golgi complex. BLZF1 was identified as a novel MT-KIT-binding partner that tethers MT-KIT to the Golgi complex. Sustained activation of ATF6, which belongs to the UPR family, alleviates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by upregulating chaperone expression, including HSP90, which assists in MT-KIT folding. BLZF1 knockdown and ATF6 inhibition suppressed both imatinib-sensitive and -resistant GIST in vitro. ATF6 inhibitors further showed potent antitumor effects in GIST xenografts, and the effect was enhanced with ER stress-inducing drugs. ATF6 activation was frequently observed in 67% of patients with GIST (n = 42), and was significantly associated with poorer relapse-free survival (P = .033).
Conclusions
Our findings show that GIST bypasses ER quality control (QC) and ER stress-mediated cell death via UPR activation and uses the QC-free Golgi to initiate signaling.
Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Orchiopexy: A Comparative Analysis to Laparoscopic Orchiopexy
Authors: Rensing Adam , Qadar Abdul , Higganbotham Clark , Frimberger Dominic , Meenakshi-Sundaram Bhalaajee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background

While undescended testes are relatively common, the nonpalpable testis remains a challenging problem. The gold standard treatment remains the laparoscopic orchiopexy. However, today robot-assisted surgery has challenged traditional laparoscopy in many areas of urology. Yet the value of this new approach remains controversial, given concerns with operative time and cost. We reviewed our contemporary results of both robot-assisted orchiopexy (RALO) and traditional laparoscopic orchiopexy (TLO). Our primary aim was to retrospectively compare operative time and cost. We also assessed complications and success rate.

Methods

In this study, all patients treated with laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic orchiopexy from April 2017 to January 2022 were reviewed using CPT code 54692. Exclusion criteria included bilateral concomitant orchiopexy or concomitant “major surgery.” Also excluded were 1st stage orchiopexies. Patient demographics, surgical operative notes and documentation were all reviewed.

Results

After exclusion criteria was applied, 24 and 22 remained in the laparoscopic and robot-assisted cohorts, respectively. The median operative time in the TLO group was 71 minutes, compared to 102 minutes in the RALO group (Fig. 1) (p > 0.0001). When comparing hospital charges, the TLO group was lower at $38,829, compared to $46,197 in the RALO group (Fig. 2) (p = 0.0069). There was one postoperative complication in the TLO group (localized wound infection), compared to zero in the RALO group.

Conclusions

The robot-assisted orchiopexy is safe and effective. However, at this time it remains more costly in terms of time and resources.
Level of Evidence Level III
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis following Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: An unusual presentation
Authors: Furtado Cleofina , Jadun Changrez , Srivast Sachin , Nayak Sanjeev , Hashim Zafar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a central nervous system demyelinating condition caused by viral or bacterial infections or immunizations. The postulated aetiology is an autoimmune reaction against myelin components; however, the mechanistic details are yet unknown. We present the imaging findings of a patient who passed away due to the manifestations of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The patient initially underwent surgical repair for type B aortic dissection. 2 weeks after he had poor GCS and no motor response following multiple attempts at sedation hold in the intensive care unit. On magnetic resonance imaging, haemorrhagic white matter abnormalities were noted throughout the cerebral hemisphere indicative of an inflammatory demyelinating process. Our case emphasizes the challenges involved in evaluating emerging neurological problems following a period of intubation /sedation amongst these patients. In addition, unlike children, 50% of adult patients do not have illness or immunisation as a trigger event for this condition.
Associations of LH and FSH with reproductive hormones depending on each stage of the menopausal transition
Authors: Kawakita Takako , Yasui Toshiyuki , Yoshida Kanako , Matsui Sumika , Iwasa Takeshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Associations of luteinizing hormone (LH) with androgens during the menopausal transition and associations between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and various diseases related to reproductive hormones in postmenopause have received much attention. LH and FSH are also known to be associated with activities of enzymes related to reproductive hormones. We examined the associations of LH and FSH with androgens and estrogens in each stage according to a classification from menopausal transition to postmenopause.
Methods: We divided the 173 subjects into 6 groups according to menstrual regularity and follicle-stimulating hormone level: mid reproductive stage (Group A), late reproductive stage (Group B), early menopausal transition (Group C), late menopausal transition (Group D), very early postmenopause (Group E) and early postmenopause (Group F). Levels of LH, FSH, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estradiol, estrone, testosterone (T), free T, androstenedione and androstenediol were measured.
Results: In Group A, LH showed significant positive correlations with androstenedione and estrone. In Group D, LH was positively associated with T and free T and was negatively associated with estradiol. In Groups B, C, D and F, LH showed significant positive correlations with FSH, and there was a tendency for an association between LH and FSH in Group E. FSH was associated with estradiol but not with estrone in Groups C and D.
Conclusion: The associations of LH and FSH with reproductive hormones were different according to the stage of the menopausal transition. The associations between gonadotrophine levels and androgen levels may be important for metabolism from menopausal transition to postmenopause.
Development of Low-Cost Nitrogen and Boron Doped Carbon Black Cathode Catalysts for the Improvement of Hydrogen Bromine Flow Battery Cathode Kinetics
Authors: Duman Büşranur , Fıçıcılar Berker 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, carbon blacks, containing nitrogen and boron, are used as cathode catalysts first time in a hydrogen-bromine redox flow cell. Nitrogen and boron doping has been applied to carbon blacks to improve the limited properties of the Vulcan XC72 (VXC). Here, we have examined the effect of nitrogen/boron-doped Vulcan XC72 carbon black on hydrogen-bromine flow cell performance. Nitrogen gas and boric acid are used as nitrogen and boron sources in the post-doping process, respectively. XRD, SEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption analyses are used to characterize the structures of cathode catalysts. The electrochemical characterization of the catalysts has been carried out with the cyclic voltammetry technique using the conventional three-electrode system connected to a potentiostat. We have addressed the effect of nitrogen and boron doping into the carbon black onto the flow battery performance by comparing their polarization and power curves. The maximum power densities with the VXC, N-VXC, and B-VXC cathode catalysts have been measured at 0.75V as 360, 390, and 430 mW/cm2, respectively.
Tuition-Free and Paid Medical and Dental Students are no different in assessment using multiple-choice questions at Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Hosseini S. Mehran , Rahmati Reza , Sepehri Hamid , Tajari Vahid , Habibi-koolaee Mahdi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the Tuition-Free and Paid Medical and Dental Students in terms of assessment based on multiple-choice test statistics.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted at Golestan University of Medical Sciences in Iran in 2020. The study population included students of medicine and dentistry. A total of 56 exams were selected in two student groups of free and tuition-paying admission in the physiology course. The results of quantitative evaluation of tests were used as the data of this study. The variables included difficulty index, discrimination index, the degree of difficulty, score variance, and Kuder-Richardson correlation coefficient.
Results: There were 32 medical and 24 dentistry exams. The cumulative total number of questions in these exams was 437 and 330 multiple choice questions, respectively. The number of medical students participating in the free-tuition and paying-tuition admissions was 1336 and 1076, and for dental students, these numbers were 395 and 235, respectively. There were no significant differences in normalized adjusted exams scores between two admission groups in both medical and dentistry tests. The mean of discrimination index in the free-tuition group was higher than in the paying-tuition group. The interaction between the type of admission and the field of study was significant for the discrimination index. This difference was more in tuition-free dental students than tuition-free medical students and tuition-paying dental students.
Conclusion: The type of student admission has no significant effect on student assessments in multiple-choice exams in matched educational conditions.
Recent Advances in the Development of Oxytocin Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Williams P. D. , Pettibone D. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
During the last decade there has been significant progress in the design and discovery of new structural classes of oxytocin antagonists. Continued study of oxytocin analogs has led to the design of antagonists. The similar topography of important functionalities in peptide and non-peptide oxytocin antagonists suggest the possibility of a common pharmacophore. New modifications to the classical antagonist analogs of oxytocin have provided analogs with significant improvements in potency, dura-
tion of action, oxytocin receptor selectivity, and bioavailability by non-parenteral routes of administration. In addition, optimization within two structural classes of non-peptides has provided potent and selective analogs which offer the potential for obtaining a clinically useful, orally bioavailable oxytocin antagonist. Human clinical studies with the peptidic oxytocin antagonist, atosiban, have implicated oxytocin as a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of preterm labor and suggests that oxytocin receptor blockade may offer a useful new method for preventing premature birth.
Targeting Transcription through Nuclear Receptors
Authors: Jones Barbara B. , Petkovich Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
It has long been known that the structural modification of steroid hormones can alter their biological activity. Some of these changes in activity are attributable to altered uptake and metabolism. With the cDNA cloning and characterization of nuclear receptors for steroids and related compounds, it has become possible to ascribe changes in ligand activity to specific alterations in receptor function. In this review we will discuss the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily, and how knowledge of receptor structures and mechanism of action may be exploited therapeutically to alter their effects
on gene expression in human disease states. We will discuss the basic structure of nuclear receptors and possible mechanisms by which their activities can be altered by ligands, both natural and synthetic. Later, we will focus on specific investigations related to the mechanism of action of some of the more widely studied antagonists. Finally we will examine the use of synthetic ligands and look at how determination of detailed receptor structures may help us to design more highly specific and effective ligands.
Impuesto a transacciones financieras internacionales: Tasa Tobin e impuesto Robin Hood
Authors: Delgado Alfredo 
Published: September 2022

El tema central de este texto es el Impuesto a las Transacciones Financieras Internacionales en específico, el llamado Tasa Tobin y el Impuesto Robín Hood. Con la llegada de la Globalización y el avance tecnológico se presentó un incremento importante en las transacciones financieras internacionales por lo que se convirtieron en un tema de análisis en gran parte por los gobiernos debido a que puede generar un incremento en los ingresos de las finanzas públicas en épocas de crisis a través de su regulación con la aplicación de un impuesto. El texto se compone de los antecedentes, aplicaciones, ejemplos y opiniones de estos dos principales impuestos que históricamente marcaron el origen de este impuesto y que actualmente se aplica en diversos países con diferentes combinaciones, pero con la misma finalidad de recaudación.
Financiarización de la farmacéutica en la India
Authors: Castillo Manzano Paola 
Published: September 2022

<p>Un atractivo de <em>La industria farmacéutica en India: globalización, competencia y financiarización </em>es que se trata de un estudio no solo de carácter financiero, sino histórico y sistemático que se desarrolla en cinco apartados. Tales reflejan claramente el marco analítico e interpretativo del cual se sirve el autor para revelar el estado actual de las cinco empresas farmacéuticas más grandes de India.</p><p>Reseña al libro: Sosa, Jesús, La industria farmacéutica en India: globalización, competencia y financiarización; UNAM/Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022 pp. 247; México, ISBN: 978-607-30-5573-4.</p><div><div> </div><div><p> </p></div></div>
Tanggung Jawab Belajar Siswa Dan Pengembangannya Melalui Layanan Bimbingan Konseling
Authors: Ningrum Linggar Probo , Diniaty Amirah 
Published: September 2022

This research aimed at knowing (1) student learning responsibility, (2) the role of Guidance and Counseling teachers in developing student learning responsibilitythrough guidance and counseling service at Vocational High School of Darel Hikmah Pekanbaru. Qualitative descriptive approach was used in this research. The population of this research was all of the students of Vocational High School of Darel Hikmah Pekanbaru that were 81 students. and the tenth-grade students that were 51 students were the samples. Questionnaire, interview, and documentation were the techniques of collecting the data. The data was analyzed by descriptive Qualitative percentage. After analyzing the data obtained in the field, it could be concluded that (1) learning responsibility was 74.20% and it was on high category, and (2)the roles of Guidance and Counseling teachers in developing student learning responsibility were (a) planning guidance and counseling programs, (b) conducting guidance and counseling service involving individual counseling service, group counseling service, information service, consultationservice, (c) evaluating the implemented services, (d) analyzing the results of the implemented services, (e) following up the services based on the needs of students.
Hubungan Self Efficacy Dengan Sikap Belajar Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 2 Pekanbaru
Authors: Wulandari Desi , Diniaty Amirah 
Published: September 2022

This research aimed to know (1) students’ self-efficacy, (2) students’ learning attitude, and (3) the correlation between students’ self-efficacy and their learning attitude. It was a correlational research. The population was all of the students of eleventh grade state that were 320 students. While, The sample of this research was 80 students. Questionnaire and documentation were the techniques of collecting the data. The data was analyzed statistically by using Product Moment correlation technique. The result showed that (1) students’ self-efficacy at the eleventh grade of was on high category, it was based on the percentage of questionnaire answer 83.93% and it was very good, (2) their learning attitude at the eleventh grade of State Vocational High School 2 Pekanbaru was on good category, it was based on the percentage of questionnaire answer 80.76% and it was very good, (3) there was a significant correlation between students’ self-efficacy and their learning attitude at the eleventh grade of State Vocational High School 2 Pekanbaru, it could be seen from the product moment correlation score 0.656, and this score was higher than rtable 0.227.
BEO NIAS DALAM KARYA SERIGRAFI
Authors: Rezki Afridion , Sandra Yofita 
Published: September 2022

Tujuan pembuatan karya akhir ini adalah untuk memvisualisasikan spesies burung beo Nias dalam karya seni grafis. Metode penciptaan pada karya akhir dilakukan secara bertahap, dimulai dari tahapan persiapan mengamati fenomena yang terjadi langsung. Selanjutnya elaborasi (tahap mendalami), tahapan sintesis (penetapan ide), kemudian realisasi konsep mempersiapkan sketsa, bahan, alat, serta proses penggarapan karya. Terakhir tahapan penyelesaian atau finishing karya. menggunakan metodestencil print dengan ukuran 40 x 60 cm berdasarkan tema fenomena alam dengan ide beo Nias dalam karya seni grafis serigrafi yang dikembangkan dengan judul, “Bercengkrama”, “Berburu”, “Memberi Makan”, “Merantau”, “Membuat Sarang”, “Belajar” “Generasi Baru”, “Berbaur”, “Kelompok”, dan “Toleransi”.
Ex vivo postimplantation biomechanical properties of a press-fit cementless femoral stem with transfixation pin for canine total hip replacement
Authors: Saban Charles , Roels Joséphine , Deprey Julie , Massenzio Michel , Viguier Eric , Cachon Thibaut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare ex vivo postimplantation biomechanical characteristics of 3 implants for canine total hip replacement: a cementless press-fit femoral stem with a pin in the femoral neck (p-pfFS), a press-fit cementless femoral stem without this pin (pfFS), and a cemented femoral stem (cFS).

SAMPLE
18 cadaveric femurs from 9 dogs.

PROCEDURES
Femurs were assigned randomly to 3 groups, and biomechanical testing was performed by measuring vertical displacement during cyclic loading and resistance to failure with compression parallel to the longitudinal axis of the femur. Force-displacement curves were assessed for failure tests, and work necessary for failure was calculated.

RESULTS
No significant differences were observed in vertical displacement during cyclic loading (P = .263) or work necessary for failure (P = .079). Loads to failure for cFS and p-pfFS implants were significantly greater than that for the pfFS, but no significant difference in load to failure was observed between cFS and p-pfFS implants (P = .48).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Cementless femoral stems with a transfixation pin offer significantly greater immediate resistance to failure to compressive loads parallel to the longitudinal axis of the femur than standard cementless stems, and a level of stability comparable to that of cemented stems. p-pfFS implants may be valuable in total hip replacement, potentially reducing the risk of fracture during the early postoperative period prior to osteointegration.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
Authors: Кантарович Алла Александровна 
Published: September 2022

В статье показано влияние на внешнеэкономическую деятельность санкционной политики, изучены понятия «санкции», «внешнеэкономическая деятельность». Проведен анализ основных мер, реализуемых государством в условиях санкционной политики в 2014 г. Изучен опыт сохранения безопасности экономики в условиях санкционной политики Ирана и Советского Союза. Выявлены общие шаги, проведен анализ преимуществ и недостатков используемых мер. Проведен анализ основных инструментов борьбы с санкциями в целях сохранения экономической безопасности. Исследована политика импортозамещения в России, проведен анализ изменения структуры импорта и экспорта, а также изучена динамика внутреннего производства санкционных товаров. Исследована результативность применения антисанкционных мер в России. Разработаны рекомендации дальнейшего регулирования внешнеэкономической деятельности и внутренней экономики в рамках обеспечения безопасности экономики страны в условиях санкций.
ПРОГРАММНО-ЦЕЛЕВОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЕМ: ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ
Authors: Арсланова Хадижат Джавадовна , Арсланов Шамиль Джавадович 
Published: September 2022

Цель исследования состоит в исследовании мировых тенденций применения программно-целевых методов в управлении региональным развитием. Методология исследования основана на корректном использовании методов анализа и синтеза, а также систематизации, сравнения, экономического и логического анализа. Результаты. Определены основные/базовые функции любых программ развития. Установлено, что отличительной чертой программ развития является их добровольно-договорной характер, заключающийся в том, что они выступают движущей силой и одновременно результатом согласования интересов всех субъектов социальных и экономических реформ. Выявлена специфика системы «планирование – программирование – бюджетирование». Выводы. Эффективная система управления непрерывно учитывает изменения, происходящие в объекте управления на всех этапах реализации программ развития для сохранения темпов его развития на последующих этапах. Постоянная необходимость учета изменений объекта управления направлена на решение следующих проблем: определение степени способности объекта управления воспринимать и воспроизводить новые правила и формы; определение изменения субъекта управления относительно изменений в объекте управления.
ВЛИЯНИЕ САНКЦИЙ НА ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ФИНАНСОВОГО РЫНКА РФ
Authors: Зяблицкая Наталья Викторовна , Лексина Анна Валерьевна , Данилова Светлана 
Published: September 2022

В настоящей статье содержится исследование влияния санкций, введенных странами ЕС и Северной Америки в отношении экономики Российской Федераций в результате обострения ситуации и проведения военной специальной операции на территории Украины в феврале-марте 2022 г. Исследована реакция финансового рынка Российской Федераций на сложившуюся геополитическую и экономическую обстановку. Отражены ключевые события рынка, наступившие после 24 февраля 2022 г., в частности, события до закрытия рынка, а также после его частичного открытия. Приведены аналогии закрытия мировых финансовых рынков и специфика их восстановления. Представлены прогнозы в отношении развития финансового рынка на среднесрочную перспективу.
Сделан вывод о том, что начавшийся процесс обособления российского финансового рынка от международного в нынешней ситуации почти завершен, а прогноз восстановления международных связей в настоящее время выглядит нереалистичным. Вместе с тем сделан вывод о том, то санкции вредят всей мировой финансовой системе и негативно отражаются на капитализации мировых гигантов на финансовых рынках, однако растет капитализация компаний сырьевого сектора и рынка продовольствия.