bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Rural Development Policies Really Help Small Farms? A Reflection from Italy
Authors: Vecchio Yari , De Castro Paolo , Masi Margherita , Adinolfi Felice 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAlthough research and political intentions both recognise the crucial role of small farms in Rural Development (RD) strategies, in actual practice they are left out of the benefits of agricultural policies. This is not established by legislative or regulatory prescriptions. It is the result of consolidated practices driven by the productivist approach to agricultural development, overtaken by the concept of multifunctionality, which has inspired European intervention in the agricultural sector and rural areas for more than twenty years. This is particularly evident in Italy, where the weight of small farms is extremely significant in terms of numbers, farmland area and work generated. The continuity of small farms in Italy is of fundamental importance due to their economic, environmental and social relevance to the objective of reconnecting agriculture and territories in a circular vision of RD. Despite this crucial role, these farms have historically had great difficulty accessing RD programmes due to the national or regional implementation of these plans, which set access thresholds and procedural constraints that effectively exclude small farmers. The construction of a national strategy for rural areas requires specific attention to the universe of small farms, which should be included within the perimeter of the potential beneficiaries of RD policies.
Hybridization despite elaborate courtship behavior and female choice in Neotropical tree frogs
Authors: NALI Renato C. , ZAMUDIO Kelly R. , PRADO Cynthia P. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms of hybridization can be elucidated by analyzing genotypes as well as phenotypes that could act as premating barriers, as the reproductive interactions among heterospecifics can alter the evolutionary history of species. In frogs, hybrids typically occur among species that reproduce explosively (in dense aggregations) with few opportunities for mate selection but are rare in species with elaborate courtship behaviors that may prevent erroneous mating. Using 21 microsatellite markers, we examined hybridization in the prolonged‐breeding tree frogs Bokermannohyla ibitiguara and B. sazimai sampled within a contact zone in the Brazilian savanna (72 tadpoles; 74 adults). We also compared acoustic and morphological data. We confirmed both parental species genetically; STRUCTURE results confirmed 14 hybrids, 11 of which were second‐generation according to NEWHYBRIDS, all with intermediate values of genetic dissimilarities compared to the parentals. Morphological and acoustic analyses revealed that hybrids showed variable but not necessarily intermediate phenotypes. Moreover, 2 hybrids exhibited call types different from parentals. The reproduction of B. ibitiguara involves territorial and aggressive males, elaborate courtships with acoustic and tactile stimuli, choosy females, and opportunistic strategies. Our study uncovers a rare case of viable hybridization among closely related frogs with such a combination of complex courtship behaviors and mate choice. We discuss the likely directionality and mechanisms behind this phenomenon, and highlight the importance of investigating hybridization even in species that show elaborate reproduction and female choice to advance our understanding of animal diversification.
Effects of partial replacement of NaCl by KCl and CaCl2 on physicochemical properties, microstructure, and textural properties of salted eggs
Authors: Liu Huilan , Feng Feng , Xue Hui , Gao Binghong , Han Tianfeng , Li Ruiling , Hu Xiaobo , Tu Yonggang , Zhao Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKCl and CaCl2 were used as partial substitutes for NaCl during pickling salted eggs process in this study. The effects on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, textural properties and sensory quality of the salted eggs were evaluated, while comparing with the 18% NaCl group (Na group). The 3% replacement of NaCl by KCl reduced the Na content (p < 0.05), accelerated the water migration (p < 0.05) in salted eggs and increased the apparent oil yield and oil exudation of salted egg yolk (p < 0.05); but the rheological properties and microstructure of salted egg yolk were minimally affected. The 3% replacement of NaCl by CaCl2 reduced the Na content (p < 0.05), delayed the water migration rate (p < 0.05) in salted eggs and decreased the apparent oil yield and oil exudation of salted egg yolk (p < 0.05). Additionally, the process of egg white thinning and egg yolk hardening were delayed. The results indicate that the partial substitution of NaCl by KCl or CaCl2 during the pickling process of salted eggs could effectively inhibit the infiltration of Na+, and the presence of KCl could improve the quality of salted eggs. Still, the presence of CaCl2 delay the ripening of salted eggs.Practical ApplicationKCl and CaCl2 as substitutes of sodium salt could play the role of reducing Na content but not affecting saline taste of salted eggs, which is conducive to the development of low‐sodium salted eggs.
Could COVID expand the future of addiction research? Long‐term implications in the pandemic era
Authors: Englund Amir , Sharman Stephen , Tas Basak , Strang John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted face‐to‐face research. This has propelled ideas and plans for more remote styles of research and provided new perspectives on conducting research. This paper aimed to identify challenges specific to conducting remote forms of experimental addiction research, although some of these challenges apply to all types of addiction research.ArgumentThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic has led to important lessons for future addiction research. Although remote research has been conducted for decades, little experimental research has been performed remotely. To do so require a new perspective on what research questions we can ask and could also enable preferential capture of those who may be more reluctant to engage in research based in clinical settings. There may, however, be crucial factors that will compromise this process. We illustrate our argument with three real‐world, ongoing case studies centred on gambling behaviour, opioid overdose, and cannabinoid psychopharmacology. We highlight the obstacles to overcome to enable more remote methods of study.ConclusionsThe future of experimental research and, more generally, addiction research, will be shaped by the pandemic and may result in advantages, such as reaching different populations and conducting addiction research in more naturalistic settings.
Culture beyond categories: Examining intercultural variation in South Koreans' and Americans' attention to men's bodily features
Authors: Monocello Lawrence T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCross‐cultural research into body image often takes for granted the cultural differences in body ideals that may account for variations in body image experience. Male body image across cultures is also poorly understood. Applying methods of cognitive anthropology to cross‐cultural male body ideals, this paper tests whether universalist or particularist approaches to body image better account for cultural variation. Results suggest that Americans and South Koreans draw from different cultural models in determining which features of male bodies warrant attention, as predicted by a particularist approach. Moreover, elements important for Korean male body image were found to lack emic validity among Americans, and vice‐versa. Considering significant variations in the elements of male bodies attended to, cross‐cultural body image research should more closely examine the cultural assumptions about bodies implicit in measurements to ensure that measurements are not just translated correctly, but also emically meaningful.
Pressure relieving interventions for the management of diabetes‐related foot ulcers: a study from the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Berhane Thomas , Jeyaraman Kanakamani , Hamilton Mark , Falhammar Henrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundOffloading intervention is an important component in the management of diabetes‐related foot ulcer (DFU). The NT population is unique with certain distinctive challenges. Potential advantages of and barriers to optimal offloading methods in our setting were investigated.MethodsConsecutive patients with DFU treated with offloading devices between 2003 and 2015 at the Multidisciplinary Foot Clinic (MDFC), Royal Darwin Hospital were included. The outcome measures were healing, amputation and discontinuation. Risk factors for offloading failure were studied.ResultsTotal contact cast (TCC) was the most common offloading used (n = 175). The other removable non‐TCC devices used were therapeutic footwear (n = 74), CamWalker (n = 35), and orthotic devices (n = 43). The overall healing rate was 88.7%. Healing rates were higher (93.2% versus 83.5%, P < 0.05) and amputation rates were lower (4.0% versus 7.3%, P = 0.026) in the TCC group than in the removable non‐TCC group. The mean duration of offloading was longer in the TCC group (3.6 ± 1.5 versus. 3.2 ± 1.5 months, P = 0.008). Wagner grade ≥ 2 and removable non‐TCC devices were significant risk factors for offloading failure.ConclusionPatients treated with TCC had higher healing rates than those treated with removable non‐TCC devices. The duration of offloading was longer than reported in other studies. Higher Wagner grade and removable non‐TCC devices were risk factors for offloading failure. Non‐removable offloading devices are the first choice in diabetes‐related neuropathic ulcers.
Setting the record straight—Correcting uterine cancer incidence and mortality in the Nordic countries by reallocation of unspecified cases
Authors: Partanen Veli‐Matti , Heinävaara Sirpa , Anttila Ahti , Hakkarainen Jenni , Lönnberg Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of and mortality from cancers of the cervix uteri and corpus uteri are underestimated if the presence of uterine cancers, where the exact topography (site of origin) is not specified, is omitted. In this paper we present the corrected figures on mortality from and incidence of cervix and corpus uteri cancers in the Nordic countries by reallocating unspecified uterine cancer deaths and cases to originate either from the corpus uteri or cervix uteri. To further validate the accuracy of reallocation, we also analyzed how well the reallocation captures the changes occurring as the result of a transition in cause of death coding in Norway that took place in 2005.Material and MethodsThis study uses data available in the NORDCAN database, which contains aggregated cancer data from all the Nordic countries for the years 1960–2016. The unspecified uterine cancer cases and deaths were reallocated to either cervix uteri or corpus uteri based on the estimated probability that follows the distribution of cases and deaths with verified topography. The estimated proportions of cases and deaths for both cancers were calculated for each combination of age group, year, and country as a proportion of cases (and deaths, respectively) with known topography. Annual age‐standardized rates were calculated by direct age‐adjustment.ResultsThe proportions of unspecified uterine cancers were higher in the mortality data than in incidence data, with mean values for 1960–2016 ranging between 5.1% and 26.6% and between 0.2% and 6.8% by country, respectively. In the Nordic countries combined, the reallocation increased the number of cases by 4% and deaths by approximately 20% for both cancers. Finland was the only Nordic country where the mortality rate did not increase substantially after reallocation.ConclusionsThe reallocation procedure had a significant impact on mortality from cancers of the cervix and corpus uteri for countries where the proportion of cancer deaths coded as uterus, not otherwise specified, is substantial. More effort to validate cause of death data with incidence data from cancer registries is warranted to avoid erroneous conclusions of temporal trends based on uncorrected cancer burden.
Fluid objects? An attempt to conceptualise the global rise of “coworking spaces”
Authors: Brinks Verena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper explores the emergence and proliferation of “coworking spaces”. Driven by empirical observations during the last 10 years, the paper examines the analytical potential of the concept “fluid objects” to explain the global rise of coworking spaces. With remarkable speed, coworking spaces emerged worldwide during the last 15 years and receive enormous attention from researchers, policy‐makers, and the public. However, researchers still struggle to define coworking spaces and a closer look into the field reveals the diversity and heterogeneity of these facilities. How is it that such different places are nevertheless recognised as belonging to the same phenomenon? Within Science and Technology Studies (STS), the notion of “fluid objects” has been developed to describe entities obtaining their strength through adaptability and flexibility. The paper argues that fluidity is a useful conceptual foundation to better understand the emergence and proliferation of coworking spaces. The primary conceptual ideas presented in this paper are enhanced with empirical data, collected from different coworking spaces in Berlin, Amsterdam, and North Rhine‐Westphalia.
Antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella is detected more frequently in feed milling equipment than in raw feed components or processed animal feed
Authors: Parker EM , Valcanis M , Edwards LJ , Andersson P , Mollenkopf DF , Wittum TE 
Published: January 2022

Food for human and animal consumption can provide a vehicle for the transfer of pathogenic and antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria into the food chain. We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 453 Salmonella isolates collected from raw feed components, equipment and finished feed from 17 commercial feed mills in Australia between 2012 and 2021. Previous studies have found Salmonella prevalence and the diversity of Salmonella serotypes are greatest in the raw feed components. We, therefore, hypothesised that we would find a greater proportion of antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella isolates in the raw feed components compared to other sample types. We found that of 453 isolates tested, 356 (0.80) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, 49 (0.11) were nonsusceptible to streptomycin only and 48 (0.11) were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Of the 48 antimicrobial‐resistant isolates, 44 were found in feed milling equipment, two in raw feed components and two in finished feed. Statistical analysis, using a logistic regression with random effects model, found that the population‐adjusted mean probability of detecting antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella isolates from feed milling equipment of 0.39, was larger than the probability of detecting resistant isolates in raw feed components 0.01, (P < 0.001) and in finished feed, 0.11, (P = 0.006). This propensity for antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria to colonise feed milling equipment has not been previously reported. Further studies are required to understand the ecology of antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella in the feed milling environment.
Plasma concentrations of methylphenidate enantiomers in adults with ADHD and substance use disorder, with focus on high doses and relationship to carboxylesterase activity
Authors: Arvidsson Michel , Franck Johan , Ackehed Gerd , Pettersson Bergstrand Madeleine , Ekström Lena , Rosenborg Staffan , Dahl Marja‐Liisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractScarce data are available on methylphenidate (MPH) plasma concentrations reached after doses higher than 180 mg. The interindividual and intraindividual variability in the exposure of MPH and ritalinic acid (RA) enantiomers was examined in 28 patients with ADHD and substance use disorders, with MPH daily doses between 30 and 600 mg (median 160 mg). MPH and RA plasma concentrations were analysed with an enantioselective LC–MS/MS method. d‐MPH plasma concentration/dose varied 25‐fold between subjects but was reasonably stable within an individual. Twelve subjects had quantifiable l‐MPH plasma concentrations, which accounted for up to 48% of the total MPH plasma concentration. The less active l‐MPH enantiomer could, in individuals with low carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) activity, contribute significantly to the total MPH plasma drug concentration and hamper the estimation of the exposure to the more active d‐MPH enantiomer. However, the high correlation between the total (d + l) RA/MPH metabolic ratio and the d‐RA/d‐MPH metabolic ratio (rs = 0.94) indicates that the ratio based on non‐enantioselective analysis could be used as a marker of CES1 activity. Whether this holds true for subjects with aberrant metabolism due to genetic variants or during concomitant treatment with inhibitors or inducers of the enzyme remains to be studied.
Life problems in children and adolescents who self‐harm: findings from the multicentre study of self‐harm in England
Authors: Townsend Ellen , Ness Jennifer , Waters Keith , Rehman Muzamal , Kapur Navneet , Clements Caroline , Geulayov Galit , Bale Elizabeth , Casey Deborah , Hawton Keith 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSelf‐harm, a significant and increasing global problem in children and adolescents, is often repeated and is associated with risk of future suicide. To identify potential interventions, we need to understand the life problems faced by children and adolescents, and by sub‐groups of younger people who self‐harm. Our aims were to include the following: (a) investigate the type and frequency of life problems in a large sample of children and adolescents who self‐harmed. (b) Examine whether problems differ between those who repeat self‐harm and those who do not.MethodsWe analysed data for 2000 to 2013 (follow up until 2014) from the Multicentre Study of Self‐harm in England on individuals aged 11 to 18 years who presented to one of the five study hospitals following self‐harm and received a psychosocial assessment including questions about problems, which precipitated self‐harm.ResultsIn 5648 patients (12,261 self‐harm episodes), (75.5% female, mean age 16.1 years) the most frequently reported problems at first episode of self‐harm were family problems. Problems around study/employment/study and relationships with friends also featured prominently. The types of problems that precede self‐harm differed between late childhood/early adolescence. Abuse, mental health problems and legal problems significantly predicted repeat self‐harm for females.ConclusionThe most common problems reported by both genders were social/interpersonal in nature, indicating the need for relevant services embedded in the community (e.g. in schools/colleges). Self‐harm assessment and treatment choices for children and adolescents must take age and gender into account. To prevent future self‐harm, individualised supports and services are particularly needed for abuse, mental health and legal problems.
The importance of emotions in the lives of children and young people in foster care in England, France and Germany
Authors: Join‐Lambert Hélène , Reimer Daniela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen foster care is discussed in research, emotions are mostly kept out of the scope. This article explores emotions narrated by young people in foster care and by their foster carers. It brings together findings from two studies: The first used biographical interviews conducted with 100 young people from Germany, while the second draws on ethnographic interviews with 12 young people from France and England. The analysis, in line with relevant literature, shows that although emotions are hardly mentioned directly, they seem to be highly relevant in understanding the experience of foster care. Therefore, we suggest, professionalism and emotions need to be understood as complementary elements.
Is evaluation by questionnaires sufficient to cover all aspects of bowel symptoms in rectal cancer patients after low anterior resection?
Authors: Asnong Anne , D’Hoore André , Wolthuis Albert , Van Molhem Yves , Van Geluwe Bart , Devoogdt Nele , De Groef An , De Vrieze Tessa , Dams Lore , Geraerts Inge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to investigate whether bowel symptoms related to low anterior resection for rectal cancer can be sufficiently well evaluated by the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) questionnaire score or the ColoRectal Functional Outcome (COREFO) questionnaire compared with a stool diary.MethodAll patients underwent low anterior resection for rectal cancer. They were asked to fill out a stool diary, the LARS questionnaire and the COREFO questionnaire, at 1, 4, 6 and 12 months after low anterior resection or stoma closure. The main outcome measure was the amount of association (calculated by means of canonical correlation analysis) between items on anal incontinence for faeces, frequency of bowel movements, clustering of bowel movements, urgency and soiling.ResultsNinety‐five patients were included. Items on anal incontinence for faeces and frequency of bowel movements were significantly correlated between the LARS questionnaire or the COREFO questionnaire, versus the stool diary, respectively. Items on soiling were significantly correlated between the COREFO questionnaire and the stool diary.ConclusionAlthough the LARS questionnaire and the COREFO questionnaire are reliable and valid for measuring low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer, our results show that there are no strong associations with the stool diary. Therefore, we can conclude that there is additional clinical information to be obtained from the stool diary. In order to evaluate all aspects of low anterior resection syndrome, we suggest the addition of a stool diary or a combination of different measurement methods during patient follow‐up.
Getting the big picture: Landscape‐scale occupancy patterns of two Annamite endemics among multiple protected areas
Authors: Nguyen Thanh V. , Wilting Andreas , Niedballa Jürgen , Nguyen An , Rawson Benjamin M. , Nguyen Anh Q. H. , Cao Trung T. , Wearn Oliver R. , Dao Anh C. , Tilker Andrew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Annamite mountains of Vietnam and Laos are a global biodiversity hotspot harboring several threatened endemic species. Conservation efforts to protect these endemics are hampered by a lack of knowledge on their ecology and distribution. We conducted landscape scale camera‐trapping across six study areas in the Annamites to assess distribution patterns of two endemics: the Annamite dark muntjac species complexMuntiacus rooseveltorum/truongsonensisand the Annamite striped rabbitNesolagus timminsi. We used a Bayesian single‐species occupancy framework to estimate occupancy as a function of ecological and anthropogenic factors. Our study showed that Annamite dark muntjac was predominantly found at higher elevations (>1000 m) and in areas that were more inaccessible to people and had lower surrounding village density. Annamite striped rabbit exhibited both positive and negative responses to elevation among study areas, with no clear response to the anthropogenic covariates. Our results showed that covariate responses varied among the study areas when random effects were included on study areas. We discuss the application of random effects to investigate species occupancies across large spatial scales, and the risk of not accounting for variation among study areas. Our prediction maps provide the first comprehensive overview of the distribution of these endemic species across a substantial part of their range and can be used to help stakeholders focus conservation efforts on priority areas.