bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐level predictors of depression symptoms in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study
Authors: Ho Tiffany C. , Shah Rutvik , Mishra Jyoti , May April C. , Tapert Susan F. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundWhile identifying risk factors for adolescent depression is critical for early prevention and intervention, most studies have sought to understand the role of isolated factors rather than across a broad set of factors. Here, we sought to examine multi‐level factors that maximize the prediction of depression symptoms in US children participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.MethodsA total of 7,995 participants from ABCD (version 3.0 release) provided complete data at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up data. Depression symptoms were measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. Predictive features included child demographic, environmental, and structural and resting‐state fMRI variables, parental depression history and demographic characteristics. We used linear (elastic net regression, EN) and non‐linear (gradient‐boosted trees, GBT) predictive models to identify which set of features maximized prediction of depression symptoms at baseline and, separately, at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsBoth linear and non‐linear models achieved comparable results for predicting baseline (EN: MAE = 3.757; R2 = 0.156; GBT: MAE = 3.761; R2 = 0.147) and 1‐year follow‐up (EN: MAE = 4.255; R2 = 0.103; GBT: MAE = 4.262; R2 = 0.089) depression. Parental history of depression, greater family conflict, and shorter child sleep duration were among the top predictors of concurrent and future child depression symptoms across both models. Although resting‐state fMRI features were relatively weaker predictors, functional connectivity of the caudate was consistently the strongest neural feature associated with depression symptoms at both timepoints.ConclusionsConsistent with prior research, parental mental health, family environment, and child sleep quality are important risk factors for youth depression. Functional connectivity of the caudate is a relatively weaker predictor of depression symptoms but may represent a biomarker for depression risk.
In vitro characterization and clinical evaluation of skin hydration by two formulations mimicking the skin’s natural components
Authors: Jacques C. , Rattier S. , Bianchi P. , Angerer T.B. , Frache G. , Cattuzzato L. , Perrin L. , Villaret A. , Duran V. , Noharet J. , Rouquier A. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Bidan C. , Duplan H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe have developed innovative base formulations that were designed to mimic the skin with respect to its components and galenic structure. Components include water, proteins, lipids, sugars and minerals.ObjectivesWe characterized formulations and their skin penetration using in vitro methods and evaluated their impact on skin hydration in a clinical trial.MethodsScanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and X‐ray diffraction were used to analyse formulations as well as formulation impact on the stratum corneum (SC) structure. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to compare formulation ingredients with SC components and to detect their distribution in the skin. Clinical studies were performed to confirm effects on skin hydration and investigate potential adverse skin effects (irritation and sensitization).ResultsSEM and X‐ray diffraction of the formulations showed that lipids were organized in sheets similar to SC lipids. MSI demonstrated similarities between formulation components and skin constituents, as well as a good penetration into the skin. The formulations did not modify the lamellar organization of the SC lipids, but they increased the relative proportion of the crystallized lipids and some of the amorphous lipids. In in vivo studies, a high level of hydration was maintained over 24 h after application with an intense and ‘very good hydration’. Both formulations were shown to be non‐(photo)sensitizers with excellent tolerance. Sensorial evaluation indicated the formulations were not oily or sticky and maintained the skin's suppleness over time. Formulations had a ‘nude skin’ touch and created a natural protective film.ConclusionsThe two formulations were well‐tolerated and increased skin hydration in clinical subjects, an effect that could contribute to the alleviation of sensitive skin. The formulations were shown to resemble the lipid organization of the stratum corneum, as well as penetrate the skin without disrupting the lipid lamella organization.
Natural component plumbagin as a potential antibacterial agent againstStreptococcus agalactiaeinfection
Authors: Huang Ai‐Guo , Su Lin‐Jun , He Wei‐Hao , Zhang Fa‐Li , Wei Chao‐Shuai , Wang Ying‐Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), can infect humans, terrestrial animals and fish. The emergence of bacterial resistance ofS. agalactiaeto antibiotics leads to an urgent need of exploration of new antimicrobial agents. In the study, the antibacterial activity of natural component plumbagin (PLB) againstS. agalactiaewas investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PLB againstS. agalactiaewas 8 mg/L. The growth curve assay revealed that PLB could inhibit the growth ofS. agalactiae. In addition, the time‐killing curve showed thatS. agalactiaewas killed almost completely by 2‐fold MIC of PLB within 12 h. Transmission electron microscopy results showed obvious severe morphological destruction and abnormal cells ofS. agalactiaeafter treated with PLB. The pathogenicity ofS. agalactiaeto zebrafish was significantly decreased after preincubation with PLB for 2 h in vitro, further indicating the bactericidal activity of PLB. Interestingly, PLB could killS. agalactiaewithout inducing resistance development. Furthermore, pretreatment and post‐treatment assays suggested that PLB also exhibited the antibacterial activity againstS. agalactiaeinfection in vivo by effectively reducing the bacterial load and improving the survival rate ofS. agalactiae‐infected zebrafish. In summary, PLB had potent antibacterial activity againstS. agalactiaein vitro and in vivo, and it could be an excellent antimicrobial candidate to prevent and controlS. agalactiaeinfection.
Storm surge contributions to flood hazards on Canada's Atlantic Coast
Authors: Provan Mitchel , Ferguson Sean , Murphy Enda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA numerical hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the generation and evolution of storm surges in Atlantic Canada in response to synoptic‐scale surface wind and atmospheric pressure fields. The modelling was conducted as part of a broader initiative to support community‐scale inundation modelling and coastal flood risk assessment for communities located in the Acadian Peninsula region of New Brunswick. The 44 largest storm surge events on record at a tide gauge proximate to the region of interest were simulated using the numerical model. Initially, a comparison between simulated storm surges and peak non‐tidal residuals from tide gauge records showed relatively poor agreement, producing an R2 value of 0.403. Model skill was improved by incorporating the influence of sea ice cover on air‐sea momentum transfer in the hydrodynamic model, and improved correlation with measured residuals was obtained by adding estimates of wave set‐up to the predicted storm surges, ultimately resulting in an R2 value of 0.803. The results of the simulations provided a basis for identifying distinct regional factors affecting storm surges and water level residuals and demonstrated conditions where wave set‐up and sea ice cover play an important role in contributing to extreme high water levels.
Geospatial analysis of Helicobacter pylori infection in South Australia: Should location influence eradication therapy?
Authors: Schubert Jonathon P , Woodman Richard J , Mangoni Arduino A , Rayner Christopher K , Warner Morgyn S , Roberts‐Thomson Ian C , Costello Samuel P , Bryant Robert V 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimRates of antimicrobial‐resistant Helicobacter pylori infection are rising globally; however, geospatial location and its interaction with risk factors for infection have not been closely examined.MethodsGastric biopsy specimens were collected to detect H. pylori infection at multiple centers in Adelaide, South Australia, between 1998 and 2017. The geospatial distribution of antibiotic‐resistant H. pylori in the Greater Adelaide region was plotted using choropleth maps. Moran's I was used to assess geospatial correlation, and multivariate linear regression (MLR) was used to examine associations between migration status, socioeconomic status, age, gender, and rates of H. pylori positivity and antibiotic resistance. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was used to determine the extent to which the associations varied according to geospatial location.ResultsOf 20 108 biopsies across 136 postcodes within the Greater Adelaide region, 1901 (9.45%) were H. pylori positive. Of these, 797 (41.9%) displayed clarithromycin, tetracycline, metronidazole, or amoxicillin resistance. In MLR, migration status was associated with the rate of H. pylori positivity (β = 3.85% per 10% increase in a postcode's migrant population; P < 0.001). H. pylori positivity and resistance to any antibiotic were geospatially clustered (Moran's I = 0.571 and 0.280, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). In GWR, there was significant geospatial variation in the strength of the migrant association for both H. pylori positivity and antibiotic resistance.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the heterogeneous geospatial distribution of H. pylori positivity and antibiotic resistance, as well as its interaction with migrant status. Geographic location and migrant status are important factors to consider for H. pylori eradication therapy.
Microbotox: A prospective evaluation of dermatological improvement in patients with mild‐to‐moderate acne and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
Authors: Calvisi Lucia , Diaspro Alberto , Sito Giuseppe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBotulin toxin (BTX) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, since its approval by FDA in 2002 for cosmetic purpose has been widely used. Recent studies indicate that it exerts its activity on various type of skin cells and can be used in some dermatological disease.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to demonstrate how to use a peculiar dilution of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of some dermatological disease like mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.Material and Methods50 patients were enrolled, 35 with mild‐to‐moderate acne and 15 with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Both group of patients were treated with a specific dilution of Onabotulinum toxin A called Microbotox. Patient images were taken before and 4 weeks after the treatment.ResultsThe authors and patients were extremely satisfied with their treatments. There were no immediate or delayed complication in none of both group of patients.ConclusionBotulinum toxin shows a great promise either in dermatological disease like mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Microbotox appears to be a valid, long‐lasting, and a standardized approach to treat these kind of two disease.
Fertility‐sparing surgery for early‐stage cervical cancer: A case series study on the efficacy and feasibility of cervical conization followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy
Authors: Yamamoto Mayuko , Motohara Takeshi , Iwagoi Yutaka , Tayama Shingo , Tashiro Hironori , Kondoh Eiji , Katabuchi Hidetaka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the oncologic and obstetric outcomes of cervical conization followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy, which is used as a fertility‐sparing procedure, in reproductive‐aged patients with early‐stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients with stage IA1–IB1 cervical cancer who underwent cervical conization followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy from 2011 to 2020 at Kumamoto University Hospital.ResultsIn total, eight patients underwent conization followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy. The median age of the patients was 33 (range: 28–36) years. Four (50.0%) patients were nulliparous. Seven (87.5%) patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (87.5%) and one (12.5%) with adenocarcinoma. Five (62.5%), two (25.0%), and one (12.5%) presented with stage IA1, IA2, and IB1 disease, respectively. Five (62.5%) patients had lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) based on the assessment of specimens obtained via conization. However, none had lymph node metastasis based on pelvic lymphadenectomy. Regarding long‐term oncologic outcomes, recurrence was not observed at a median follow‐up of 60 (range: 8–107) months. In addition, obstetric outcomes were consistently favorable in terms of achieving pregnancy, preterm delivery, and live birth. During the study period, two patients who actively attempted to conceive had four pregnancies, resulting in full‐term deliveries, and one was on her first trimester of pregnancy.ConclusionCervical conization combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy represents a feasible conservative management for histologically well‐selected patients with early‐stage cervical cancer. Furthermore, an optimal histopathological evaluation of conization specimens will contribute to decision‐making regarding the use of this fertility‐sparing procedure.
Difficult maintenance of serum drug concentration in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome during early puerperium
Authors: Shibata Takashi , Nakago Satoshi , Kato Hiroki , Tokuda Hisato , Hosono Sayoko , Kotsuji Fumikazu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractToxic shock syndrome can be caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). During puerperium this condition is rare, and proper treatment during this period has not been clarified. Two patients developed toxic shock syndrome caused by MRSA soon after cesarean section. Despite the administration of antibiotics, both developed severe conditions and one of them required hysterectomy. The dosage was adjusted in the same way as nonpregnancy, but the actual drug concentration was significantly different from expectation. When there is severe infection during the early postpartum period, maintaining drug concentration at optimal levels may be difficult, and this could be life‐threatening. Better understanding of the pharmacokinetics and establishment of a method to determine the optimal drug dose during puerperium is required.
Optimal health insurance
Authors: Phelps Charles E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractI formulate expected‐utility‐maximizing models for health insurance with a single optimal coinsurance (C*) and (separately) a single optimal deductible (D*). While so‐doing, I formalize Nyman's challenge to standard welfare‐loss models, clarifying when and by how much this alters unadjusted models. Using MEPS‐calibrated lognormal distributions and incorporating skewness and kurtosis measures of financial risk, I show how C* shifts as various economic parameters change. For reasonable parameter values, C* < 0.1, much lower than variance‐only estimates would conclude. Omitting higher‐order risk parameters importantly understates risk and hence understates optimal insurance coverage. I separately develop methods to determine D*, showing that it is approximately a fixed percentage of income that falls as the distribution of financial risks rise. This finding contrasts with existing US public policy regarding high‐deductible health plans, which employ fixed deductibles, independent of income.
Recess Policy Implementation: Beliefs and Perceptions of Site‐Based Decisions‐Makers
Authors: Brickman Charlene Woodham , Ramstetter Catherine L. , Durham Richard Sean 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTMETHODSUsing the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen 1991) as a theoretical framework, this study examined what administrators and teachers at a public elementary school located in a district in Northeast Georgia communicated as to their salient behavioral beliefs (attitude), normative beliefs (subjective norms), and control beliefs (perceived behavioral control) relative to the implementation of the district's written recess policy.RESULTSThe results of this study demonstrated that teachers new to the field and those certified in early childhood education were more supportive of implementing the practice. The results further demonstrated that more experienced teachers and those certified in elementary education were less supportive.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYThe findings in this study revealed that obtaining participant buy‐in was critical for the implementation and that targeted professional development would be a suitable vehicle for improving school health for students.CONCLUSIONSThe most cited reasons for support for the policy were an understanding that an unstructured break was beneficial for students and that participants considered it a non‐negotiable. The most cited reasons for a lack of support included more time needed for academics and a need for expanded behavioral consequences.
Concentration of amikacin sulphate in synovial fluid when given in combination with dexamethasone phosphate in intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing horses
Authors: Gustafsson Kajsa , Tatz Amos J. , Britzi Malka , Dahan Roee , Sutton Gila A. , Kelmer Gal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEight horses underwent IVRLP at two occasions through a 23‐gauge 2 cm long butterfly catheter. Regional anaesthesia of the ulnar, median and medial cutaneous antebrachial nerves was performed prior, and an 8 cm rubber tourniquet was placed on the proximal radius for 30 minutes following the infusion. The first infusion consisted of 2 g of amikacin sulphate and 10 mg of dexamethasone phosphate diluted with 0.9% NaCl to a total volume of 100 ml. The second perfusion was performed after a 2‐week washout period, the same protocol was used but without dexamethasone phosphate. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the metacarpophalangeal joint at T = 0, 0.5, 2, 12, 24 and 36 h post‐infusion. Synovial fluid amikacin sulphate concentrations were determined by use of liquid chromatography/tandem mass‐spectrometry. All horses (n = 8) remained healthy throughout the study, and no adverse effects associated with the study were encountered. No statistically significant differences were found in synovial fluid amikacin sulphate concentrations between the treatment and the control group at any of the time points. In conclusion, dexamethasone phosphate can be used in IVRLP concomitantly with amikacin sulphate in cases of distal limb inflammation and pain without decreasing the synovial fluid concentration of amikacin sulphate.
The ability of Pichia kudriavzevii to tolerate multiple stresses makes it promising for developing improved bioethanol production processes
Authors: Pongcharoen Pongsanat 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thermotolerant ethanol fermenting yeasts have been extensively used in industrial bioethanol production. However, little is known about yeast physiology under stress during bioethanol processing. This study investigated the physiological characteristics of the thermotolerant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii, strains NUNS-4, NUNS-5 and NUNS-6, under the multiple stresses of heat, ethanol and sodium chloride. Results showed that NUNS-4, NUNS-5 and NUNS-6 displayed higher growth rates under each stress condition than the reference strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5606. Maximum specific growth rates under stresses of heat (45°C), 15% v/v ethanol and 1·0 M sodium chloride were 0·23 ± 0·04 (NUNS-4), 0·11 ± 0·01 (NUNS-5) and 0·15 ± 0·01 h–1 (NUNS-5), respectively. Morphological features of all yeast studied changed distinctly with the production of granules and vacuoles when exposed to ethanol, and cells were elongated under increased sodium chloride concentration. This study suggests that the three P. kudriavzevii strains are potential candidates to use in industrial–scale fermentation due to a high specific growth rate under multiple stress conditions. Multiple stress-tolerant P. kudriavzevii NUNS strains have received much attention not only for improving large-scale fuel ethanol production, but also for utilizing these strains in other biotechnological industries.
Modeling population trajectory and probability of decline in northern Hudson Bay narwhals (Monodon monoceros)
Authors: Biddlecombe Brooke A. , Watt Cortney A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNarwhals (Monodon monoceros) are an important subsistence harvest species for Inuit communities and their conservation is important for Inuit culture and ecosystem function. The northern Hudson Bay (NHB) narwhal population, which spends summer in northern Hudson Bay, Canada, has been assessed through periodic aerial surveys from 1981 to 2018. To estimate the population trajectory and predict future population trends under various harvest scenarios, a Bayesian population model was fit to four aerial survey estimates and harvest data from 1951 to 2018. The model resulted in a 2019 population estimate of ~14,400, 95% CI [10,300, 20,400] and an estimated starting population of 7,200, 95% CI [1,400, 19,000] in 1951. The model was extended 10 years into the future under three annual harvest scenarios (current harvest: 157, low harvest: 50, and high harvest: 300) and the probability of population decline was estimated. The model predicted a 6% chance of decline with an annual harvest quota of 50 narwhals, 78% for a harvest of 157, and 95% for a harvest of 300. This updated model provides the opportunity to shape conservation efforts by estimating past population trends and how those trends, combined with management action, can affect future population dynamics.
Sacrificial Skins: The Value of Pakistan’s Eid al‐Azha Animal Hide Collection1
Authors: Mouftah Nermeen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Pakistan, one of the most significant celebrations on the Muslim calendar, Eid al‐ Azha (Feast of the Sacrifice), is marked by two major rituals. At the center of the festival is the animal slaughter remembering the prophet Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son. The second, dating to Pakistan's earliest days as a nation, is the collection of animal hides from the sacrifice. NGOs, political parties, and madrasas annually compete to collect and auction the sacrificial skins. This paper examines how Alkhidmat Foundation–the social welfare branch of the Islamist party Jama'at‐e‐Islami–invests in a risky fundraising ritual that animates the value of sacrifice in their humanitarian work. While historically the auction of animal hides has been lucrative, over the last decade, the income has come under threat due to the rise of synthetic leathers on the global market, inflation, and climate change, which have left Pakistan's leather commodity in peril and, with it, the fate of a major source of income for the country's social services. Pakistan's skins collection offers insight into a fundraising practice that instantiates sacrifice writ large: of time, safety, and resources, and sometimes, of intimate relations. Sacrifice is the motivating value that underpins dedication to the annual hide collection and articulates Alkhidmat's humanitarianism through the human capability of sacrifice.