bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male reproductive cycle in a population of the endemic butterfly lizard, Leiolepis ocellata Peters, 1971 (Squamata: Agamidae) from northern Thailand
Authors: Pewhom Akkanee , Supapakorn Thidaporn , Srakaew Nopparat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Fundamental knowledge on the seasonal reproductive microanatomy and endocrinology of reptiles has been collected from several studies of various species. The present study was to determine annual changes in hormonal profiles, and detailed histomorphometric and histochemical characteristics of the entire male reproductive system of the tropical agamid lizard, Leiolepis ocellata.

Results
Male L. ocellata individuals (n = 75) collected from the territory of two provinces (Lampang and Tak) in northern Thailand exhibited annual variation in sex hormonal, histomorphometric, and histochemical characteristics of the male reproductive system. The reproductive cycle was subdivided into eight reproductive periods (early first active, first active, resting, second recrudescent, second active, regressive, quiescent, and first recrudescent), thus displaying a bimodal pattern with two actively reproductive periods. Circulating sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone) peaked in the first active (February) and the second active (June–July) periods. Likewise, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and histomorphometric variables of the testes and of the genital ducts (rete testis, ductuli efferentes, ductus epididymis, and ductus deferens) revealed their highest values in the first active period. Marked increase in protein and carbohydrate production was detectable in the ductuli efferentes during the active periods.

Conclusions
The male reproductive cycle of L. ocellata showed a biannual pattern of the hormonal profile, and detailed histomorphometric and histochemical characteristics of the entire reproductive system. Hence, the present study provides improved basic knowledge on the reptilian reproductive biology with comparative viewpoints to other reptiles.
Umma and the nation-state: dilemmas in refuge ethics
Authors: Mohammed Hossameldeen , Jureidini Ray 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the question of the Muslim umma (the universal community of Muslims) which arises within the context of the ongoing debates about the status of refugees and their rights around the world, especially in the Muslim world, where a significant majority of migrants and refugees originate and are hosted. We question the existence of the Muslim umma under contemporary circumstances and discuss the extent to which the modern nation-state has undermined the principles of Muslim unity and solidarity beyond national borders. We also examine how Islamic ethics and law (fiqh) identify the imperatives of providing comfort and protection for refugees (whether they are Muslim or non-Muslim) individuals, groups, and communities when required or requested. We see this in principle, but not always in practice. Are refugee policies applied by Muslim-majority countries today in accordance with the fundamental Islamic teachings and experiences of the original hijra? Or have such principles been made redundant by the political-geographic imperatives of ethnicized nation-states? To what extent can applied policies in Muslim-majority countries be developed and enhanced in the light of umma principles that might alleviate the longstanding refugee crises in this troubled area of the world?The article consists of three main sections. The first provides a theoretical and religious analysis of the idea of the umma as an inclusive entity that encompasses all Muslims, contrasted with the modern nation-state as an exclusive geographically defined political institution. The second looks at three Muslim-majority countries that played a significant hosting role in refugee crises over the past decade, namely Jordan, Bangladesh, and Turkey. We offer some insight in understanding to what extent their policies or behavior were based upon ummatic principles, or secularist notions of national interest and humanitarian aid? The last section summarizes the recent innovation providing for Muslim refugees through a UNHCR arrangement and adaptation with the Islamic charitable obligation of Zakat. It is suggested that the UNHCR Zakat Fund is an ummatic manifestation that has already proved honorable and viable. The conclusion calls for a better understanding of the umma as it is in the Islamic consciousness towards an effective reforming of refugee policies and practices, suggesting a further enhancement of ummatic institutional collaboration between the OIC and UNHCR for refugee integration.
Long-Term Outcomes After Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Socie Gerard 
Published: August 2022

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used for more than four decades as consolidation therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Allogeneic HSCT is almost universally used today, and autologous HSCT nearly disappeared from daily practice. Improvement in transplantation strategies, supportive care, and increased donor source availability led to increased numbers of long-term survivors after HSCT. In the accompanying paper of this grand rounds, Armenian and coworkers analyzed the burden of late complications after HSCT for AML in a large cohort of patients and compared severe/life-threatening conditions with those of siblings. This study reinforces the need for prolonged clinical follow-up of transplanted patients otherwise nearly cured of their original disease for late malignant and nonmalignant complications.
Introduction to Bernard Stiegler, “The National Front and Ultraliberalism” (Extract from Pharmacologie du Front National, 2013)
Authors: Ross Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The French philosopher Bernard Stiegler published Pharmacologie du Front national in 2013. It is above all a response to the 2012 French presidential election, which, despite the election of François Hollande, gave evidence of the rising influence of the far-right National Front, and thus of a growing regressive tendency in the politics of the Western representative democracies. But Stiegler's concern in this regard can be traced back to his first book and is present throughout his work, which has always been concerned with the positive technical (default of) origin of the conjunction of desire and knowledge, and the irreducibility of the tendency for these to be undermined by what he will call the negative pharmacological side of technics. In Pharmacologie du Front national, he draws attention to a third dimension of the pharmakon: its tendency to lead to the designation of the pharmakos, or the scapegoat, as that negative side takes hold. For Stiegler, the industrial populism characteristic of today's consumerist economico-technological model inevitably and dangerously leads to political populism. He thus calls for a new critique of ideology, one that returns to its starting point in Marx and Engels, overcomes the limitations of Marxist and Althusserian materialisms that ultimately remain grounded in an oppositional metaphysics, and provides new practical and conceptual weapons in the struggle against contemporary ideology, whose essential motto is that “there is no alternative.”
Objective Breathing
Authors: Dutton James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article takes up German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk's attention to air and atmospheres to argue for the influential part “objective” thinking plays in disseminating viral pandemics. It follows Sloterdijk's broad approach to “air-conditioning” to interpret the way modern cultures increasingly work to explicate and construct objective figures of (and in) air. A fundamental, yet invisible, “anthropopoietic” element, air resists the forms and figures we use to describe it. This is acutely demonstrated by airborne viruses like COVID-19 and the pandemics they create, where the medial willingness to perceive or “figure” the air becomes a critical, everyday necessity. When Sloterdijk attributes the spread of “affective epidemics” to mass-media technologies, he draws attention to how airborne transmission is a symptom of breathing the same air, which, by affecting and altering air-conditions to reproduce identical figures all across the globe, increases its spread. This article argues that the willingness to make air objective—in both senses of identifying its material properties, and believing in a uniform or consensus figure—eradicates the possibility of vital difference. In doing so, inhabiting what Sloterdijk calls the “World Interior” of reproducible sameness that props up international exchange, modern, globalized culture becomes far more susceptible to the rapid spread of epidemics. Virality is increased by the sameness of objective air-conditioning, and by reintroducing difference into the atmosphere we can bring back its life-giving potential.
Treatment of a Pontine Cavernoma With Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy: Case Report
Authors: Lawrence Jesse D. , Rehman Azeem A. , Lee Mark 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Brainstem cavernomas represent a complex challenge for management. Lesions amenable to surgical resection meet criteria of either (1) are visible on the surface of the brainstem or (2) must be accessible through a brainstem safe entry zone. This case report illustrates a novel access to the brainstem for ablation of a pontine cavernoma.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
The patient is a 20-year-old woman. Initial presentation after a trauma revealed incidental finding of a hemorrhagic pontine cavernoma. The patient subsequently developed rehemorrhage of the cavernoma with associated symptoms of left-sided paresthesia, weakness, and gait imbalance. The patient underwent laser interstitial thermal therapy for ablation of the lesion. The laser cannula accessed the cavernoma using a suboccipital burr hole passing through the middle cerebellar peduncle. Postoperatively, the patient was noted to have diplopia secondary to R abducens palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging at the 19-month follow-up revealed a lesion measuring 1.3 × 1.2 cm down from preoperative measurement of 2.4 × 2.6 cm and continued improvement in diplopia.

CONCLUSION:
Although laser interstitial thermal therapy has previously been shown to be a treatment option for cavernomas, there is only 1 prior case report describing its use in the brainstem. Access of pontine cavernomas using the middle cerebellar peduncle is a safe approach. Further use of this technique is needed to better define the risks and benefits of this treatment option.
Comparison of clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care center during second wave pandemic in Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Simkhada Nabin , Pathak Bishnu Deep , Bhusal Laxman , Tandon Om Prakash , Shrestha Anjala , Devkota Sameeksha , Shrestha Sanjaya , Raut Sujan , Basukala Sunil , Shrestha Dhan 
Published: August 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a challenging pandemic globally. The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to severe respiratory failure. In-hospital mortality varies from 18.9% to 20.3%. Old age, male gender, co-morbidities, lower oxygen saturation, lymphopenia, raised C-reactive protein, and d-dimer levels increase the risk of critical illness and death. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients and associated outcomes in a tertiary level hospital in Nepal. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary center of Nepal during the peak of the second wave of the pandemic. A non-probabilistic consecutive sampling technique was adopted. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS), version-23. Mortality (yes/no) was the primary outcome of interest, and accordingly, the cases were divided into two groups, survivors and non-survivors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality was 84 (19.58%), and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) mortality was 36 (58.06%). The death rate was higher in cases presenting with shortness of breath and anorexia. Hypoxemic respiratory failure (16.08%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (8.62%) were the most common complications associated with higher mortality. Patients with older age had higher odds of mortality (adjusted OR, 1.077; p<0.001). The risk of mortality was higher in severe to critically ill patients (adjusted OR, 5.861; p=0.001), and those who were under mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR, 39.059; p<0.001). Likewise, the duration of hospital stay was significantly associated with mortality (adjusted OR, 0.795; p<0.001). Conclusions: The non-survivors of COVID-19 tended to be of older age, severe to critically ill at presentation, require mechanical ventilation, and have a shorter duration of hospital stay, compared to survivors. So, these groups of patients need special care and support during hospital admission.
Evaluation of the usefulness of the E-POP application as a therapeutic program for reducing alcohol consumption in the time of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Olszewska-Turek Katarzyna , Modrzyński Robert , Kotowska Justyna , Bętkowska-Korpała Barbara 
Published: August 2022

Cel pracyCelem badania była ocena aplikacji E-POP dokonana przez użytkowników terapeutycznego programu wpierającego ograniczanie picia alkoholu w dobie pandemii SARS-CoV-2.MetodaBadaniem objętych zostało 1854 użytkowników aplikacji E-POP. Wśród użytkowników było 1058 mężczyzn oraz 796 kobiet. Średnia wieku uczestników wyniosła 39,78 roku. Użytkownicy zainteresowani udziałem w programie logowali się anonimowo do aplikacji oraz akceptowali regulamin i wymagane zgody związane z przetwarzaniem danych. Do pracy terapeutycznej zarejestrowały się 503 osoby. Końcowej ewaluacji całego programu E-POP trwającego kilka miesięcy dokonało 37 osób.
Na podstawie danych z aplikacji sporządzono charakterystykę demograficzną grupy użytkowników (płeć, wiek, liczebność na różnych etapach aplikacji) oraz przedstawiono ocenę aplikacji dokonanej przez użytkowników, którzy ukończyli 11-tygodniowy program terapeutyczny E-POP w okresie od marca 2020 do marca 2021w pięciu kategoriach.WynikiZ całościowej liczby uczestników, którzy skorzystali z etapu „diagnostyczno-informacyjnego” w E-POP, do pracy terapeutycznej na etapie „czas na zmianę” zarejestrowało się ponad 27% osób. Uczestnicy, którzy w dniu zebrania danych z systemu ukończyli kilkumiesięczny program terapeutyczny E-POP (n = 38), oceniali go w pięciu wymiarach. Wyniki oceny aplikacji w całej grupie wskazują na najwyższą ocenę w zakresie poszerzania wiedzy i umiejętności w ograniczaniu picia (4,3/5), a także gotowości do polecenia innym tej aplikacji (4,27/5). Pozostałe oceny oscylują w granicach 4/5. Kobiety i mężczyźni nie różnili się istotnie w ocenie przydatności aplikacji w ograniczaniu picia.WnioskiBlisko 30 % użytkowników, z grupy osób korzystających z etapu „diagnostyczno-informacyjnego”, loguje się, korzystając z etapu terapeutycznego „czas na zmianę”. Aplikacja jest dobrze oceniana przez użytkowników, wskazują oni na duże zadowolenie i korzyść z używania programu. Aplikacja E-POP stanowi użyteczne narzędzie wspierające pracę nad ograniczeniem spożywania alkoholu, zwłaszcza w warunkach ograniczonej dostępności pomocy terapeutycznej w czasie pandemii SARS-CoV-2.
Test Score Algorithms for Budgeted Stochastic Utility Maximization
Authors: Lee Dabeen , Vojnovic Milan , Yun Se-Young 
Published: August 2022

Motivated by recent developments in designing algorithms based on individual item scores for solving utility maximization problems, we study the framework of using test scores, defined as a statistic of observed individual item performance data, for solving the budgeted stochastic utility maximization problem. We extend an existing scoring mechanism, namely, the replication test scores, to incorporate heterogeneous item costs as well as item values. We show that a natural greedy algorithm that selects items solely based on their replication test scores outputs solutions within a constant factor of the optimum for the class of functions satisfying an extended diminishing returns property. Our algorithms and approximation guarantees assume that test scores are noisy estimates of certain expected values with respect to marginal distributions of individual item values, thus making our algorithms practical and extending previous work that assumes noiseless estimates. Moreover, we show how our algorithm can be adapted to the setting in which items arrive in a streaming fashion while maintaining the same approximation guarantee. We present numerical results, using synthetic data and data sets from the Academia.StackExchange Q&A forum, which show that our test score algorithm can achieve competitiveness and in some cases better performance than a benchmark algorithm that requires access to a value oracle to evaluate function values. Funding: This research was supported, in part, by the Institute for Basic Science [Grants IBS-R029-C1, IBS-R029-Y2].
Exploring the relationship between burnout, resilience and safety culture for mental health nurses in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hasan Abd Alhadi , Asmi Nofaa , Alsharawneh Anas 
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims The focus of this research is on burnout, resilience and its effect on safety culture. The study maintains that healthcare organisations lag behind in the race to address burnout because they focus on dealing with the already-existing condition rather than on the source. The purpose of the study was to assess burnout, resilience and the association with safety culture in mental health nurses working in mental health institutions in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was undertaken using convenience sampling, with 219 mental health nurses from the mental health hospital in Jazan, between June and August 2018. Results The results of the study showed that 45.6% of the participants experienced a high level of emotional exhaustion, 36.5% reported a high level of depersonalisation and 15.9% high personal achievement. The high level of burnout and its dimensions has a negative effect on service users' safety and resilience. Conclusions This research supports the adoption of healthcare mechanisms to address the source of mental health nurses' burnout, rather than addressing the issue when it emerges.
Immunological evaluation of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: CD4+ and CD16+ cells may predict severity and prognosis
Authors: Alahyari Sam , Rajaeinejad Mohsen , Jalaeikhoo Hasan , Chegini Leila , Almasi Aghdam Maryam , Asgari Ali , Nasiri Malihe , Khoshdel Alireza , Faridfar Ali 
Published: August 2022

PurposeAvailable but insufficient evidence shows that changes may occur in the immune system following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present study aimed at evaluating immunological changes in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia compared with the control group.MethodThe present study was performed on 95 patients with COVID-19 (32 severe and 63 moderate cases) and 22 healthy controls. Relationship between immune cells, disease severity and lung involvement was assessed. Binary logistic regression and ROC curve tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsA significant decrease was observed in CD20+cell counts of the patients. To differentiate patients from healthy individuals, the cutoff point for the CD4+cell count was 688 /μL, sensitivity 0.96, and specificity 0.84. An increase in CD4+cells reduces the odds of severe disease (odds ratio = 0.82, P = 0.047) and death (odds ratio = 0.74, P = 0.029). CD4+cells play a pivotal role in the severity of lung involvement (P = 0.03). In addition to CD4+cells, Fc gamma receptor III (FcγRIII) (CD16) also played a significant prognosis (odds ratio = 0.55, P = 0.047). In severe cases, C-reactive protein, Blood urea nitrogen, and Creatine phosphokinase levels, as well as neutrophil counts, were significantly higher than those of moderate ones whereas lymphocyte count in severe cases was lower than that of moderate ones.ConclusionThe number of total T-cells and B-cells in patients with COVID-19 was lower than that of controls; however, their NK cells increased. FcγRIII and CD4+cells are of great importance due to their association with COVID-19 prognosis.
Chlorhexidine cord care after a national scale-up as a newborn survival strategy: A survey in four regions of Ethiopia
Authors: Astatkie Ayalew , Mamo Girma , Bekele Tilahun , Adish Abdulaziz , Wuehler Sara , Busch-Hallen Jennifer , Gebremedhin Samson 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Chlorhexidine cord care is an effective intervention to reduce neonatal infection and death in resource constrained settings. The Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia adopted chlorhexidine cord care in 2015, with national scale-up in 2017. However, there is lack of evidence on the provision of this important intervention in Ethiopia. In this paper, we report on the coverage and determinants of chlorhexidine cord care for newborns in Ethiopia.

Methods
A standardized Nutrition International Monitoring System (NIMS) survey was conducted from January 01 to Feb 13, 2020 in four regions of Ethiopia (Tigray, Amhara, Oromia, and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region [SNNPR]) on sample of 1020 women 0–11 months postpartum selected through a multistage cluster sampling approach. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires in the local languages through home-to-home visit. Accounting for the sampling design of the study, we analyzed the data using complex data analysis approach. Complex sample multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of chlorhexidine cord care practice.

Results
Overall, chlorhexidine was reportedly applied to the umbilical cord at some point postpartum among 46.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.1%– 51.2%) of all newborns. Chlorhexidine cord care started within 24 hours after birth for 34.4% (95% CI: 29.5%– 39.6%) of newborns, though this varied widely across regions: from Oromia (24.4%) to Tigray (60.0%). Among the newborns who received chlorhexidine cord care, 48.3% received it for the recommended seven days or more. Further, neonates whose birth was assisted by skilled birth attendants had more than ten times higher odds of receiving chlorhexidine cord care, relative to those born without a skilled attendant (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 10.36, 95% CI: 3.73–28.75). Besides, neonates born to mothers with knowledge of the benefit of chlorhexidine cord care had significantly higher odds of receiving chlorhexidine cord care relative to newborns born to mothers who did not have knowledge of the benefit of chlorhexidine cord care (AOR: 39.03, 95% CI: 21.45–71.04).

Conclusion
A low proportion of newborns receive chlorhexidine cord care in Ethiopia. The practice of chlorhexidine cord care varies widely across regions and is limited mostly to births attended by skilled birth attendants. Efforts must continue to ensure women can reach skilled care at delivery, and to ensure adequate care for newborns who do not yet access skilled delivery.