bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ice Particle and Aggregate Simulator (IPAS). Part II: Analysis of a Database of Theoretical Aggregates for Microphysical Parameterization
Authors: Przybylo Vanessa M. , Sulia Kara J. , Lebo Zachary J. , Schmitt Carl G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bulk ice-microphysical models parameterize the dynamic evolution of ice particles from advection, collection, and sedimentation through a cloud layer to the surface. Frozen hydrometeors can grow to acquire a multitude of shapes and sizes, which influence the distribution of mass within cloud systems. Aggregates, defined herein as the collection of ice particles, have a variety of formations based on initial ice particle size, shape, falling orientation, and the number of particles that collect. This work focuses on using the Ice Particle and Aggregate Simulator (IPAS) as a statistical tool to repetitively collect ice crystals of identical properties to derive bulk aggregate characteristics. A database of 9 744 000 aggregates is generated with resulting properties analyzed. After 150 single ice crystals (monomers) collect, the most extreme aggregate aspect ratio calculations asymptote toward and ϕca ≈ 0.50 for aggregates composed of quasi-horizontally oriented and randomly oriented monomers, respectively. The results presented are largely consistent with both a previous theoretical study and estimates derived from ground-based observations from two different geographic locations. Particle falling orientation highly influences newly formed aggregate aspect ratios from the collection of particles with extreme aspect ratios; quasi-horizontally oriented particles can produce aggregate aspect ratios an order of magnitude more extreme than randomly oriented particles but can also produce near-spherical aggregates as the number of monomers comprising the aggregate reach approximately 100. Finally, a majority of collections result in aggregates that are closer to prolate than oblate spheroids.
Global Oceanic Mass Transport by Coherent Eddies
Authors: Xia Qiong , Li Gaocong , Dong Changming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mesoscale eddies are one of the most prominent processes in the world’s ocean. The eddy-induced transport of water mass, heat, and energy has a great impact on the ocean and atmosphere. The study of global mass transport by mesoscale eddies is important. However, most existing studies have used Eulerian eddy detection methods. Compared with Lagrangian methods, Eulerian methods fail to distinguish the coherent transport from the incoherent transport induced by eddies. Using a Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation (LAVD)-based coherent eddy detection method, this study identifies global coherent mesoscale eddies in the upper 1000 m of the ocean. Based on the eddy dataset, the eddy-induced coherent mass transport is calculated. Compared with Eulerian estimates, the Lagrangian results shown in this study are one order of magnitude smaller. This means that roughly only about 10% of eddy-induced global water mass transport is coherent. The cumulative eddy-induced coherent transport across each latitude or longitude is only around 1 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), which is much less than the transport induced by wind-driven gyres and thermohaline circulation.
Poor mental health is associated with the exacerbation of personal debt problems: A study of debt advice adherence
Authors: Andelic Nicole , Feeney Aidan 
Published: March 2022

Background: It is known that there is an association between debt and poor mental health. However, much of the literature is observational and focuses on how debt may lead to poor mental health. Here, we are interested in how poor mental health may be associated with debt advice adherence. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and debt advice adherence in individuals applying for a formal debt resolution mechanism (an Individual Voluntary Arrangement, IVA). Method: Eighty-six participants completed a survey measuring mental health (MHI-5), memory for information discussed during the appointment, attitudes towards IVAs, and trust in the advisor shortly after having a debt advice appointment. Adherence to the advice (whether participants completed the IVA application) was measured 10 weeks later. Results: The study found that the sample demonstrated poor levels of mental health overall but that non-adherent participants had significantly poorer mental health than those who adhered to the advice. Conclusion: These results suggest that (a) mental health needs to be considered when advising people with problem debt and (b) future research might examine if mental health support should coincide with important decision points in the debtor’s journey out of debt.
Can body awareness training improve recovery following stroke: A study to assess feasibility and preliminary efficacy
Authors: Serrada Ines , Fryer Caroline , Hordacre Brenton , Hillier Susan 
Published: March 2022

Background Impairments in body awareness are common after stroke and are associated with decreased participation and performance in everyday activities. Objectives To explore the feasibility and safety of a body awareness program after stroke, and identify the preliminary efficacy of class-based lessons compared to home-based lessons on sensation, body awareness, motor impairment and quality of life. Methods A two-armed pilot randomized controlled trial with a nested qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Individuals with a diagnosis of stroke (at least three months post injury) were randomized to either class-based face-to-face body awareness lessons or home-based individually performed body awareness lessons. Outcome measures were safety, feasibility, sensation, body awareness, motor impairment, self-efficacy and quality of life. Semi-structured interviews were used to allow greater exploration and understanding of participants’ experience of the program. Results Twenty participants were randomized, 16 participants completed the program. Feasibility was greater in the class-based group. No adverse events were detected. The class-based group led to improvement in body awareness (p = 0.002), quality of life (p = 0.002), and the arm (p = 0.025) and leg (p = 0.005) motor impairment scores. Qualitative data similarly indicated that the class-based group experienced a stronger sense of awareness, achievement and connection than the home-based group. Conclusions Body awareness training was safe, feasible and acceptable in people with stroke. Individuals in the class-based group showed greater benefit compared to those receiving home-based therapy.
Serum and urinary galectin-9 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10
Authors: Mehta Pankti , Singh Pratibha , Aggarwal Amita 
Published: March 2022

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a type I interferon (IFN) signature, and traditional methods for its measurement like gene expression analysis are cumbersome for routine use. Thus, we aimed to study galectin-9 as a biomarker and compared it with a validated marker, C-X-C motifchemokine ligand 10(CXCL-10). Methods Ninety-seven patients with SLE (26 years; 89 females) were included and stratified based on renal involvement and activity into - active (SLEDAI > 4) renal (35), active non-renal (32) and inactive renal subgroups (30) along with 20 healthy controls (HC, 25 years; 15 females). The median disease duration was 24 months (6-48), and SLEDAI 2K was 9 (2–15). Serum and urine galectin-9 and CXCL-10 levels were measured by ELISA. Urine levels were normalized with spot urine creatinine values. Follow-up serum and urine galectin-9 levels were measured for those in the active renal group at 6 months. Results Patients with SLE had higher serum galectin-9 (5.6 vs 1.7 μg/mL, p = .0001) but not urine galectin-9 (0.52 vs 0.32 μg, p = .7) levels as compared to HC. Serum galectin-9 but not urine galectin-9 was higher in patients with active as compared to inactive lupus (12.9 - active renal, 16.7 - active non-renal vs 3.57 μg/mL, p = .04 and .005). Serum CXCL-10 (0.16 vs 0.05, p = .01) and urine CXCL-10 (0 vs 0, p = .01) were both significantly higher in the SLE group as compared with HC. Serum but not urine CXCL-10 was higher in the active as compared to inactive lupus (0.2 - active renal, 0.3 - active non-renal vs 0.08 μg/mL, p = .9 and .02). Serum galectin-9 showed a modest correlation with CXCL-10 0.4 (0.2–0.6), whereas none was found between their urine levels. Serum galectin-9 and CXCL-10 showed a moderate positive correlation with SLEDAI 2K. Serum galectin-9 showed a greater AUC than CXCL-10 (0.77 vs 0.67) in differentiating active from inactive SLE, and both tested together had the best AUC of 0.82. However, urinary levels had no association with SLEDAI 2K or renal SLEDAI. In a subset of patients with active renal disease, serum galectin-9 but not urine levels declined significantly after 6 months. Conclusion Serum galectin-9 is a good marker of lupus activity; however, it does not differentiate between active renal and active non-renal disease. It performs slightly better than CXCL-10. Urinary galectin-9 does not reflect renal activity.
Effects of Various Financial and Non-financial Incentives on the Performance of Accredited Social Health Activist: Evidence from Two Selected Districts of Odisha
Authors: Pani Saumya Ranjan , Nallala Srinivas , Rout Sarit Kumar , Sundari Shyama , Chokshi Maulik , Mokashi Tushar , Nair Arun , Kadam Shridhar M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The performance of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) is crucial for the achievement of the ‘health for all’ goal in India. The performance and motivation of workforce are dependent on various financial and non-financial incentives. This study analyses the linkage of current incentive practices and perceived rewards/sanctions, with the motivation and performance of ASHA. Methods: Cross-sectional qualitative approach and interpretive structural modelling (ISM). Results: The motivation and performance of ASHAs were driven by various inter-related factors. The predominant rewarding factors identified were: monetary incentives, awards, and support and respect of the community towards the ASHAs. Dissatisfaction was fuelled by factors, such as sense of underpayment, comparison with peers and the community cadres of other departments, erratic duty hours, scarce disbursement of resources, financial insecurity post-retirement, difficulty in reading or writing, unavailability of health services and medicines in the nearby healthcare facilities. Conclusions: For a sustained advance in motivation and performance of ASHAs, the public health systems’ focus needs to be oriented on: capacity building; optimal resource allocation, rationalised payoffs to the ASHAs working in difficult terrains and improving availability of healthcare services in primary healthcare facilities.
Modifying Group Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Peripartum Adolescents in Sub-Saharan African Context: Reviewing Differential Contextual and Implementation Considerations
Authors: Kumar Manasi , Verdeli Helen , Saxena Shekhar , Petersen Inge , Huang Keng Yen , Othieno Caleb , Grote Nancy , Law Roslyn , Unutzer Jurgen , McKay Mary 
Published: March 2022

Background This study describes adaptation and modification of World Health Organization (WHO) recommended group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-G) for depressed peripartum adolescents. The adaptation process includes accommodating contextual factors and strategies to address intervention implementation barriers, such as engagement problems with adolescents, caregivers, and providers, and stigma and dearth of mental health specialists. The modifications include and adolescent relevant iterations to the therapy format and content. Methods A multi-stakeholder led two-stage intervention adaptation and modification process integrating mixed qualitative methods were used with pregnant and parenting adolescents, their partners, and health care workers. In-depth interviews focusing on personal, relationship, social, and cultural barriers experienced by adolescents were carried out modeled on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Focus group discussions with depressed adolescents on their experiences, feedback from caregivers, partners, health workers inform focused modifications. An IPT expert committee of three practitioners, along with UNICEF adolescent officer, and mental health policy expert from Ministry of Health and representative community advisory body reviewed the adaptations and modifications made to the WHO IPT-G manual. Discussion Integration of mental health needs of peripartum adolescents as demonstrated in the stakeholder engagement process, adaptation of key terms into locally relevant language, determination of number of sessions, and user-centric design modifications to digitize a brief version of group interpersonal psychotherapy are presented.
Study on high velocity impact response of aramid fibers-epoxy/aluminum laminate composites toughened by ZrO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Abedi Mohammad Hossein , Eslami-Farsani Reza 
Published: March 2022

The present study investigates the improvement in high-velocity impact response of fiber metal laminates through modification of epoxy using different percentages (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) of SiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles. To ensure a good distribution of nanoparticles into epoxy resin, the nanoparticles were dispersed by a high-speed shear mixer followed by an ultrasonic device. By using the hand lay-up technique followed by a mold pressing process, FML samples were made of 2024-T3 aluminum sheets (0.5 mm thick) and woven Kevlar fabric impregnated with modified epoxy. The high-velocity impact test on FML samples was conducted to determine the influence of epoxy modification on their specific energy absorption. The study revealed that the modification of epoxy increased the specific energy absorption up to 130% and 91% at samples with 3 wt.% of SiO2 and 5 wt.% of ZrO2, respectively. It was also observed from scanning electron microscopy analysis that incorporation of ceramic nanoparticles changed the delamination failure mechanism of matrix cracking to fiber breakage. Furthermore, finite element simulation (FES) was additionally conducted with Abaqus to predict the residual velocity and model impact response. The simulation results agree well with experimental data.
Effect of Yang He Decoction on Treatment of Bone Tuberculosis via Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases/Protein Kinase B and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Ma Wanli , Wang Qing , Gao Hua , Sun Jianmin 
Published: March 2022

Yang He Decoction (YHD), a classical Chinese medicine prescription, is used to treat bone and joint diseases. However, there are few mechanism studies for YHD on the use of YHD to treat bone tuberculosis (BT) and the corresponding mechanism of action of YHD. In the present study, the chemical ingredients of YHD and targets of the ingredients were revealed by a network pharmacology method, and an ingredient–target–disease network was visualized and analyzed. Then, gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were carried out. In addition, molecular docking was performed to clarify the binding of the key active ingredients of YHD to the key targets. Further, an in vitro model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced BT was established, and a mechanism for the inhibitory effect of YHD on the differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells into osteoclasts was investigated. A total of 138 active ingredients in YHD and 50 targets between YHD ingredients and BT were identified. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–protein kinase B (PI3K–Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were the key pathways involved in the anti-BT effect of YHD. Moreover, the in vitro results showed that YHD inhibited the differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells into osteoclasts. YHD decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, increased the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde. Further, YHD inhibited the protein and messenger RNA expression of PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These findings show that YHD is a promising anti-BT agent that suppresses the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways to inhibit the differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells into osteoclasts and ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress.
Novel homozygous mutation of PNLIP gene in congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency: an extended family study
Authors: Kamal Naglaa M. , Saadah Omar I. , Alheraiti Shahad S. , Attar Ruwayd , Alsufyani Asmaa D. , El-Shabrawi Moratda H.F. , Sherief Laila M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency (MIM 614338) is a rare genetic disorder caused by homozygous mutation in the PNLIP gene. Few cases have been reported worldwide and among them, few cases were genetically confirmed. Patients and methods: A 3-year-old girl presented with abundant greasy diarrhea started at the age of 2 years. Work up of steatorrhea including molecular testing of PNLIP gene in the patient and her family was done. Results: A novel homozygous variant c.1257G > A (p. Trp419Ter) of the PNLIP gene was detected in the patient. Her parents and two siblings were carriers for the same mutation. Pancreatic enzyme therapy was introduced, and a multidisciplinary team was involved with the education for the need for the lifelong use of pancreatic enzymes, and genetic counseling was carried out. There was a great improvement of steatorrhea with pancreatic enzymes treatment. Conclusions: PNLIP deficiency should be suspected in patients with steatorrhea who have low pancreatic lipase and an otherwise normal health and appropriate growth.
Virtual reality as a tool to promote wellbeing in the workplace
Authors: Adhyaru Jai Shree , Kemp Charlotte 
Published: March 2022

Background NHS staff are disproportionately impacted by workplace stress, threatening not only quality of service delivery, but the sustainability, of this vital healthcare system. There is an urgent need for accessible and cost-effective interventions that promote the wellbeing of this integral workforce. Aim The aim of this study was to explore the potential propensity of a short virtual reality (VR) nature experience, delivered during the workday, to induce positive mood states NHS clinicians. Method NHS clinicians working in a fast-paced trauma service were offered the opportunity to take part in a short virtual reality (VR) relaxation session, during their working day, in which they were able to explore the “Green Meadows” experience available within the Nature Treks application. An indication of physiological arousal (heart rate) was obtained, and subjective measures of emotional state were employed to assess the effect of the intervention on participants’ mood. Further, feedback was gathered to provide an initial indication of the acceptability of the experience. Results Analysis of data from 39 clinicians revealed that, following the VR experience, participants reported significantly increased feelings of happiness ( p < 0.001) and relaxation ( p < 0.001), and significantly decreased feelings of sadness ( p = 0.003), anger ( p < 0.001) and anxiety ( p < 0.001). No significant differences in reported levels of surprise ( p = 0.603) or vigour ( p = 0.566) were found. Further, the experience was associated with a significant reduction in heart-rate ( p = 0.025), and had high acceptability ratings, despite participants’ varied experience with computers and VR technology. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that the administration of VR for the promotion of NHS staff wellbeing in the workplace is a potentially fruitful avenue of exploration that warrants further investigation.
Genetic variants related to systemic lupus erythematosus revealed using bioinformatics
Authors: Shuoshan Xie , Changjuan Xiao , Honglin Zhu , Qinghua Zeng , Shaxi Ouyang , Qi Wang , Lihua Zhang 
Published: March 2022

Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple organs and is characterized by immune inflammation. The pathogenesis of SLE is complex and involves genetic and environmental components. Methods In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely related to SLE were searched through integration analysis of public gene expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus and European Bioinformatics Institute data, and immunochip data in a genome-wide association study. Results SLE-associated SNPs were identified in 17 genes common among datasets. The mRNA expression levels of three genes among them were verified to differ between SLE patients and healthy controls subjects based on real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The GG genotype frequency of rs116253043 in LY6G6D was significantly lower in SLE patients and the GC genotype frequency of rs328 on LPL was significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls. VARS2 levels were significantly higher in SLE PBMCs than controls, but there was no significant difference in allele or genotype frequencies of the two SNPs (rs115470445 [C/T] and rs114394807 [A/G]) between groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that the GG genotype of rs116253043 plays a protective role against SLE, whereas the C allele of rs328 is a risk factor for SLE and rs116253043 with the GC genotype is an SLE-susceptibility SNP.
Relationship between brain iron deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Prasuhn Jannik , Göttlich Martin , Gerkan Friederike , Kourou Sofia , Ebeling Britt , Kasten Meike , Hanssen Henrike , Klein Christine , Brüggemann Norbert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is complex, involving different molecular pathways, including brain iron deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction. At a molecular level, these disease mechanisms are likely interconnected. Therefore, they offer potential strategies for disease-modifying treatments. We aimed to investigate subcortical brain iron deposition as a potential predictor of the bioenergetic status in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.MethodsThirty patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease underwent multimodal MR imaging (T1, susceptibility-weighted imaging, SWI) and31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging. SWI contrast-to-noise ratios served as a measure for brain iron deposition in the putamen, caudate, globus pallidus, and thalamus and were used in a multiple linear regression model to predict in-vivo energy metabolite ratios.ResultsSubcortical brain iron deposition, particularly in the putamen and globus pallidus, was highly predictive of the region-specific amount of high-energy-containing phosphorus metabolites in our subjects.ConclusionsOur study suggests that brain iron deposition but not the variability of individual volumetric measurements are highly predictive of mitochondrial impairment in vivo. These findings offer the opportunity, e.g., by using chelating therapies, to improve mitochondrial bioenergetics in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.