bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A typology of nurses' interaction with relatives in emergency situations
Authors: Primc Nadia , Schwabe Sven , Poeck Juliane , Günther Andreas , Hasseler Martina , Rubeis Giovanni 
Published: October 2022

Background In nursing homes, residents’ relatives represent important sources of support for nurses. However, in the heightened stress of emergency situations, interaction between nurses and relatives can raise ethical challenges. Research objectives The present analysis aimed at elaborating a typology of nurses’ experience of ethical support and challenges in their interaction with relatives in emergency situations. Research design Thirty-three semi-structured interviews and six focus groups were conducted with nurses from different nursing homes in Germany. Data were analysed according to Mayring’s method of qualitative content analysis. Participants and research context Participants were licensed nurses working in nursing homes. Ethical considerations Ethical approval was granted by Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences (02.07.2020) and the Ethics Committee of Hannover Medical School (Nr. 8866_BO_K_2020; 27.01.2020). Interviewees were anonymised and focus group were pseudonymised during transcription. All participants provided written consent. Findings/results In emergency situations, relatives can represent important sources of support for nurses. However, they may also give rise to different challenges, relating to four ethical conflicts: (1) the challenge of meeting the information needs of relatives while providing appropriate care to all residents; (2) the challenge of managing relatives’ demands for hospitalisation when hospitalisation is not deemed necessary by nurses; (3) the challenge of managing relatives’ demands for lifesaving treatment when such treatment contradicts the will of the resident; and (4) the challenge of attempting to initiate hospitalisation when relatives oppose this course of action. Several external factors make these conflicts especially challenging for nurses: fear of legal consequences, a low staffing ratio, and a lack of qualified nursing staff. Conclusions Conflict between nurses and relatives typically revolves around hospitalisation and the initiation of lifesaving treatment. Whether nurses perceive interaction with relatives as supportive or conflictual essentially depends on the quality of the relationship, which may be negatively influenced by a number of external factors.
Understanding lived experiences of nurse managers about managerial ethics
Authors: Nejat Nazi , Zand Soleman , Taheri Majid , Khosravani Mahboobeh 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Expressions of Managerial ethics as a clinical phenomenon in Nursing Ethics as expressed by nurse managers were investigated. A coherence could be detected between the concepts and phenomena of Managerial ethics and nurse managers as a context. Background Managerial ethics as a new approach has emerged in the perspective and by prioritizing ethics in the organization has provided the basis for creating and promoting individual and organizational effectiveness. Managers’ and staff’s adherence to professional ethics helps hospitals to achieve their intended goals. Aim The present study aimed to explain nurse managers’ experience of managerial ethics. Research design This qualitative study was conducted based on a phenomenological design in 2022. Participants and research context The participants included 20 nurse managers working in hospitals in Arak, Iran. They were selected by the purposive sampling method which continued until data saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews (30–90 min); subsequently, the obtained results were analyzed using the Van Manen six-step approach. Ethical considerations The confidentiality and the right of participants to take part or withdraw from the study were observed during this research. Results The results of the present study were able to demonstrate nurse managers’ lived experience of managerial ethics in the form of five themes of professional ethics, people-oriented management, professional empowerment, excellencism, and patient-centered care. Conclusions As evidenced by the obtained results, nurse managers held a positive view of managerial ethics. They were striving to strongly adhere to ethical principles in nursing management since they contribute greatly to the improved quality of nursing services in care and health settings. Therefore, appropriate policy-making and planning for managerial ethics training are indispensable for all nurses and nursing students.
The Christian Military Colonies in Medieval Ethiopia: The Chewa System
Authors: Tariku Ayele 
Published: October 2022

From the reign of King Yekuno-Amlak (r. 1270–85) to that of Emperor Tewodros II (r. 1855–68), the army of Ethiopia, one of the East African counties, was divided into two major categories: The first category consisted of local militias under regional governors who had no special type of war combat training. In times of national crisis, they engaged in warfare only when the king called them. Immediately after battle, they were sent back to their regional base. The second category of the army was the royal army (chewa, from fourteenth to sixteenth centuries). Chewa was the regular army of the kings and many of its regiments were deployed in various regions of Ethiopia. It was established only for the purpose of military services, and the members of this army were not allowed to do any other work. This article examines the chewa military system and its dynamics in the medieval period of Ethiopia, roughly covering the period between fourteenth and sixteenth centuries.
Parent Training for ADHD: No Generalization of Effects From Clinical to Neuropsychological Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lambek Rikke , Sonuga-Barke Edmund J. S. , Lange Anne-Mette , Carroll Daniel J. , Daley David , Thomsen Per Hove 
Published: October 2022

Objective: We examined whether neuropsychological function in ADHD can be improved by the New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP), that combines standard parenting strategies with self-regulatory skills training, or predict ADHD and quality of life (QoL) treatment effects. Method: Participants were 93 medication-naive preschool children with ADHD (3–7 years) randomized to either NFPP ( n = 49) or treatment as usual (TAU; n = 44) in a recent randomized trial. Laboratory measures of executive function, reaction time variability, and delay of gratification were collected along with parent ratings of ADHD and QoL at baseline and post treatment. Ratings were collected again at 3-month follow-up. Results: NFPP did not improve neuropsychological function (compared to TAU), and baseline neuropsychological function did not predict treatment-related ADHD or QoL effects. Conclusion: Although NFPP includes a neuropsychological training element and has been shown to improve several clinical outcomes, it did not improve the neuropsychological functions it targets.
The Problem of Purity in Moral Psychology
Authors: Gray Kurt , DiMaggio Nicholas , Schein Chelsea , Kachanoff Frank 
Published: October 2022

Academic Abstract The idea of “purity” transformed moral psychology. Here, we provide the first systematic review of this concept. Although often discussed as one construct, we reveal ~9 understandings of purity, ranging from respecting God to not eating gross things. This striking heterogeneity arises because purity—unlike other moral constructs—is not understood by what it is but what it isn’t: obvious interpersonal harm. This poses many problems for moral psychology and explains why purity lacks convergent and divergent validity and why purity is confounded with politics, religion, weirdness, and perceived harm. Because purity is not a coherent construct, it cannot be a distinct basis of moral judgment or specially tied to disgust. Rather than a specific moral domain, purity is best understood as a loose set of themes in moral rhetoric. These themes are scaffolded on cultural understandings of harm—the broad, pluralistic harm outlined by the Theory of Dyadic Morality. Public Abstract People are fascinated by morality—how do people make moral judgments and why do liberals and conservatives seem to frequently disagree? “Purity” is one moral concept often discussed when talking about morality—it has been suggested to capture moral differences across politics and to demonstrate the evolutionary roots of morality, especially the role of disgust in moral judgment. However, despite the many books and articles that mention purity, there is no systematic analysis of purity. Here, we review all existing academic articles focused on purity in morality. We find that purity is an especially messy concept that lacks scientific validity. Because it is so poorly defined and inconsistently measured, it should not be invoked to explain our moral minds or political differences.
Intra-socket application of medical-grade honey after tooth extraction attenuates inflammation and promotes healing in cats
Authors: Pleeging Carlos CF , de Rooster Hilde , Van Wijk Bas , Wagener Frank ADTG , Cremers Niels AJ 
Published: October 2022

Objectives Dental diseases are a major problem in cats and often necessitate tooth extraction. Medical-grade honey (MGH) has antimicrobial and wound-healing properties, and therefore the aim of this study was to investigate whether intra-socket application improved healing after tooth extraction. It was postulated that applying MGH would reduce inflammation, improve the viability of the surgical flap and enhance healing following tooth extraction. Methods A prospective randomised controlled trial was performed in client-owned cats undergoing bilateral tooth extractions of the same element of the canine or (pre)molar tooth. A split-mouth design was used in which every animal served as its own control. After surgical extraction of the elements, the sockets on one side were filled with an MGH-based ointment (L-Mesitran Soft), whereas the contralateral side received no treatment (control). A mucoperiosteal flap was used on both sides, and simple interrupted monofilament sutures were placed. No antimicrobial drugs were administered. Clinical parameters (inflammation/redness, flap viability and wound healing) were subjectively analysed on days 3 and 7 post-extraction by a veterinarian blinded to the treatment. Results Twenty-one cats were included. MGH significantly decreased signs of inflammation ( P <0.01), improved mucoperiosteal flap viability ( P <0.01) and promoted wound healing ( P = 0.01), at both time points. MGH was easy to apply and there were no adverse events. Conclusions and relevance Intra-socket application of MGH after tooth extraction positively affects the surgical wound, as it reduces redness, improves flap viability and enhances wound healing. Applying MGH represents a potent adjuvant therapy to support intra-oral wound healing after tooth extraction.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors and short-term prognosis of retinopathy of prematurity complicated with retinal hemorrhage
Authors: Li Qiuping , Han Tao , Wang Zonghua , Tang Hongyi , Feng Zhichun 
Published: October 2022

Purpose To investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics and short-term prognosis of retinal hemorrhage (RH) in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods From July 2015 to December 2021, the incidence and clinical characteristics of RH in premature infants with ROP diagnosed in a NICU of China before treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 670 premature infants were diagnosed with ROP, including 406 males and 254 females, with a mean gestational age (GA) of 29.51 ± 2.15w and a mean birth weight of 1240.56 ± 292.97g, excluding 10 premature infants who had progressed to stage 4 or 5 at the time of transfer and receiving vitrectomy. Of them, 322 (48.8%) premature infants had Type 1 ROP and received laser or anti-VEGF therapy, and 142 (21.3%) premature infants developed RH before treatment. The GA and birth weight of RH group were lower than those of non-RH group (29.19 ± 2.19w vs. 29.60 ± 2.13w; 1178.11 ± 282.01g vs. 1257.69 ± 293.85g, both P < 0.05), and the proportion of premature infants receiving treatment was also higher than that of non-RH group (97/142, 68.3% vs. 225/518, 43.4%). The lower the GA and the birth weight, the higher the incidence of RH. The incidence of RH was 45.5% in GA <26w and 30.5% in birth weight <1000g. After treatment, 7 eyes (2.6%) of 5 cases (3.5%) in RH group developed retinal detachment vs. 4 eyes (0.4%) of 3 cases (0.6%) in non-RH group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 8.043, P < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that RH, Zone I lesions, plus lesions, and the postnatal time of ocular lesions were independent risk factors for Type 1 ROP. Conclusion The lower the GA and the birth weight, the higher the incidence of ROP complicated with RH. RH is an indicator of severe ROP associated with poor retinal prognosis.
Gaps in the Utilization of Community Health Services for the Elderly Population in Rural Areas of Mainland China: A Systematic Review Based on Cross-Sectional Investigations
Authors: Deng Shanshan , Zhang Chenchen , Guo Xing , Lv Hekai , Fan Yanyan , Wang Zhuoxin , Luo Dan , Duan Xiaoxia , Sun Xinying , Wang Fuzhi 
Published: October 2022

Background: While the community health service system was initially established in rural areas of mainland China, the utilization of community health service resources by the rural elderly population is not clear. Methods: Cross-sectional studies on the utilization of community health services by the rural elderly population in mainland China published within the last 10 years were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, Medline and Web of Science (WOS) databases. The quality of the article was evaluated by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), and obstacles to the utilization of community health services by the rural elderly population were analyzed based on the Andersen model. Results: Twenty-four studies were analyzed, and 3 gaps were found. (i) The cognition of rural elderly residents does not match the current health security system. (ii) There is a gap between the supply of health service resources in rural communities and the health needs of the elderly residents in these areas. (iii) The health services provided by rural primary health service institutions are not targeted. Conclusions: In mainland China, the provision of community health services to the rural elderly population has improved significantly. However, several factors from the individual level to the system level lead to low levels of access and utilization. This finding means that under the leadership of the government, it is necessary to integrate the strength of multiple departments to cooperate in improving the welfare system, policy publicity, health education, financial support, system guarantees and resource exchange and sharing for the elderly population in rural areas and to jointly promote community health services for the elderly population in rural areas.
Emotions and multilingualism in family language policy: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Sevinç Yeşim , Mirvahedi Seyed Hadi 
Published: October 2022

Aims: The primary aim of this special issue is to advance theoretical and empirical knowledge about the role of emotion in family language policy (FLP). To better capture the complexity and multiplicity of emotion, the issue brings together five articles that reflect on different aspects of emotions in multilingual families and approach the topic from different perspectives, methods, populations, and settings. Approach: In this paper, we first address the conceptual and theoretical grounds of emotions in multilingual families through an interdisciplinary perspective to integrate recent developments in emotion research in psychology of language learning into FLP framework. We present two distinct ways in which language and emotion intersect in different subdisciplines of linguistics and in various research contexts while we centre on the context of FLP: (1) the language of emotions and (2) emotions about language(s), linguistic repertoire, and language practices. We then introduce the articles in this special issue and address the implications for the pivotal role played by emotion in FLP and their social, cultural aspects (e.g., family ties, identity construction, agency, and socialization). Conclusions: We conclude with a discussion of implications for future research on emotion in the study of FLP and multilingualism. We emphasize the need to treat emotion as one of the individual components of multilingualism and FLP because of its critical role in multilingual parenting and/or caregiving. Originality: This special issue is devoted to a better understanding of emotion in FLP research.This introduction addresses key theoretical and methodological issues in the study of emotion in FLP. It contributes to the need for epistemological vigilance and methodological diversity in investigating emotions in multilingualism and FLP.
Poor collateral flow with severe hypoperfusion explains worse outcome in acute stroke patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yang Jianhong , Wu Yuefei , Gao Xiang , Shang Qing , Xu Yao , Han Qing , Li Jichuan , Chen Chushuang , Bivard Andrew , Parsons Mark W , Lin Longting 
Published: October 2022

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with poorer functional outcomes in acute stroke patients. It has been hypothesized that this is due to poor collateral recruitment. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AF and collaterals with outcome in thrombectomy patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study identified 1036 acute ischemic patients from the INternational Stroke Perfusion Imaging REgistry. The cohort was divided into two groups: 432 with AF and 604 without AF. Patients were stratified by collateral grades as good, moderate, and poor. Within each collateral grade, the prediction of AF versus No AF for good outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale of 0–2) was determined. Then, within each collateral grade, perfusion was compared between those with and without AF. Results: AF was negatively associated with good outcome in patients with poor collaterals (26.7% vs 51.2% for AF vs No AF, odds ratio = 0.32 (95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.50), p < 0.001), but not in patients with good (50.9% vs 58.1% for AF vs No AF, odds ratio = 0.75 (0.46–1.23), p = 0.249) or moderate collaterals (43.6% vs 50.9% for AF vs No AF, odds ratio = 0.75 (0.47–1.18), p = 0.214). AF was associated with severe hypoperfusion only in patients with poor collateral flow (54.0 vs 35.5 mL for AF vs No AF, p < 0.001). Conclusions: AF-related stroke is associated with more severe hypoperfusion and worse outcome in those with poor collaterals.
Individually tailored home-based physiotherapy program makes sustainable improvement in exercise capacity and daily physical activity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Butāne Līna , Spilva-Ekerte Liene , Šablinskis Matīss , Skride Andris , Šmite Daina 
Published: October 2022

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, chronic, progressive, and life-threatening cardiopulmonary disease. This study investigated the impact of an individually tailored 12 weeks home-based physiotherapy program in PAH patients, with the aim to evaluate change in exercise capacity and daily physical activity level. Methods: This was an analysis of secondary outcomes from a prospective, randomized, controlled intervention study. Twenty-one participants were recruited from the Latvian PH registry based on inclusion criteria and randomized in a training group (TG) and control group (CG). Both groups continued a medical target therapy, but for TG, the individually tailored home-based physiotherapy program was added including physical exercises, relaxation, self-control, education, and supervision with telehealth elements. Outcomes included a 6-min walk test (6MWT) (m) and daily physical activity based on accelerometry results assessed at baseline, after 12 weeks, and at follow-up 6 months after commencement of intervention. Results: 6MWT distance significantly ( p < 0.05) and clinically (>33 m) increased within TG after 12 weeks (51.8 m, 95% CI = 25.7–77.9 m, Cohen’s d = 1.7) and at follow-up (75.5 m, 95% CI = 46.1–104.8 m, Cohen’s d = 2.1). A significant difference in 6MWT results between the groups at 12 weeks and follow-up was approved. In TG, low-intensity activities significantly ( p < 0.05) increased both after 12 weeks (Cohen’s d = 1.6) and at follow-up (Cohen’s d = 1.2), moderate-intensity activities significantly ( p < 0.05) increased at follow-up (Cohen’s d = 1.3), and no significant improvements were present in CG. Conclusion: The individually tailored 12 weeks home-based physiotherapy program comprising comprehensive physical exercise training, relaxation, self-control skills training, and education, added to stable medical target therapy and supervised by physiotherapist through telehealth elements, is effective in improving exercise capacity and increasing daily time in low or moderate physical activities 6 months after commencement of the intervention in patients with PAH.
Radiotherapy may augment response to immunotherapy in metastatic uveal melanoma patients
Authors: Grynberg Shirly , Stoff Ronen , Asher Nethanel , Shapira-Frommer Ronnie , Schachter Jacob , Haisraely Ory , Lawrence Yaacov , Ben-Betzalel Guy 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Uveal melanoma (UM) is a subtype of melanoma arising from the ocular region. Despite various local therapies available, a significant portion of patients develop distant metastases, primarily to the liver. While cutaneous melanoma is very sensitive to immunotherapy, UM is known to be less responsive and patients were excluded from pivotal clinical trials. To date, there is no standard first line therapy for metastatic UM and clinical trial participation is encouraged. While UM is considered a radio-resistant tumor, there is a role for radiotherapy (RT) as palliative treatment and possibly for immune sensitization. This a retrospective analysis aimed at addressing the role of combination checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) with RT as a synergistic treatment in metastatic UM patient. We hypothesized that concurrent RT would improve the clinical response to immunotherapy. Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with metastatic UM treated with ICI at Ella Lemelbaum Institute between 2015 and 2021. Patients’ electronic medical records were analyzed for baseline characteristics, response rate and survival data. Patients were grouped according to receipt of concomitant RT. Study was approved by local IRB and statistical analyses done using Stata V.17 Results: Thirty-nine patients were treated with immunotherapy. Fifty percent were treated with anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 and 50% with anti-PD1– anti CTLA4 combination therapy. Nine patients were treated concomitantly with immunotherapy and external beam RT or with stereotactic body RT (group A) and 29 patients were treated with immunotherapy alone (group B). Overall response rate was significantly higher in group A (44% versus 10%, p = 0.004). Median progression-free survival was longer for patients in group A (22 months versus 3 m, Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.37, p = 0.036). Median overall survival was also longer for group A (26 months versus 7.5 m, HR = 0.34, p = 0.03). Toxicity was comparable between the groups. Conclusions: RT may improve response to immunotherapy with ICI in metastatic UM patients and may confer an advantage in survival. Further prospective, larger studies are warranted.