bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0028 Network Analysis of Adipokines in Sleep Disorders and Metabolic Dysregulation
Authors: Wei Zhikui , Chen You , Upender Raghu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Adipokines are a growing group of secreted proteins that play important roles in metabolism. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipokines may mediate the close association between sleep disturbance and metabolic derangements. Due to the extensive crosstalk between adipokines and metabolic pathways, an integrated approach is required to better understand the significance of adipokines in sleep disorders and associated metabolic dysregulation. In the current study, we employed network analysis, a set of concepts and methods derived from graph theory, to obtain novel insights into the roles of adipokines in sleep disorders and associated metabolic dysregulation.

Methods
A network of six adipokines and their molecular targets is constructed based on current understanding of their roles in sleep and metabolic disorders using an adjacency matrix. The network is then visualized and analyzed using an open source platform Gephi to derive network-level metrics, including degree and centrality measures. These metrics are used to explore the relationship between sleep disturbance and associated metabolic dysregulation in several disease processes.

Results
94 nodes and 264 edges were identified in the network, representing regulatory factors, adipokines, molecular pathways, and disease processes. Two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, were found to have higher degrees than other adipokines, indicating their central roles in connecting sleep disturbance to metabolic dysregulations. Among the regulatory factors, obesity and obstructive sleep apnea were found to be major drivers for the sleep associated metabolic dysregulation based on their higher degrees. The important pathways adipokines act on in the network included insulin signaling, inflammation, food intake, and energy expenditure. The main disease processes adipokines act on included cardiovascular, reproductive, and autoimmune diseases. Leptin, AMPK, and fatty acid oxidation were found to have global influence in the network based on their high betweenness.

Conclusion
Adipokines are important players in the metabolic dysregulations associated with sleep disturbance. Adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin act on diverse metabolic pathways in response to sleep disturbance, obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation.They play important roles in cardiovascular, reproductive, and autoimmune diseases. Adipokines and their targets, such as leptin, AMPK, and fatty acid oxidation are likely important interventional/pharmaceutical targets for these disease processes.

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0036 Population Wakefulness and Nocturnal Suicide Risk
Authors: Watkins Ellen , Tubbs Andrew , Fernandez Fabian-Xosé , Karp Jordan , Klerman Elizabeth , Basner Mathias , Chakravorty Subhajit , Perlis Michael , Grandner Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Nocturnal wakefulness may mediate the relationship between disrupted sleep and suicide risk since nighttime is associated with a peak in negative mood and altered reward processing and executive function. One example is a wakefulness-adjusted nocturnal peak in population suicide risk measured from 2003-2010 (Perlis et al, 2016), but these results have not been replicated with more recent data.

Methods
A total of 77,784 suicides with known time of fatal injury were extracted from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) for 2003-2010 and 2011-2017. These data were then weighted by the estimated proportion of the population that was awake at each hour as derived from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) for the same years. Suicides were tabulated by clock hours, age, sex, race, and ethnicity, and suicide counts were modeled using robust Poisson regression with hourly population wakefulness entered as an offset term, thus producing hourly incident risk ratios.

Results
A comparison of analyses between previously reported data (2003 to 2010) and new data (2011 to 2017) showed a consistently elevated risk of suicide at night (midnight to 6AM) that did not differ between time periods. After combining all fifteen years, the maximum number of suicides occurred at noon. Adjusting for population wakefulness, however, revealed a significant increased risk for suicide between 11PM and 5AM, with a 4.61-fold increase at 3AM (IRR: 4.61 [4.11-5.16]). Adjusting for age, sex, race, and ethnicity attenuated, but did not alter these results. In subgroup analyses, the nocturnal risk for suicide was elevated among those with bipolar disorder (5.2% of cases), those with a blood alcohol level greater than 80 mg/dl (14.9% of cases), and those who tested positive for a Z-drug (i.e., zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone) at autopsy (0.7% of cases).

Conclusion
Fifteen years of data from suicides across the United States show a significantly increased risk for suicide during the circadian night that peaks at 3AM. Nocturnal wakefulness remains a significant risk factor for suicide, and suicide prevention efforts may benefit from interventions to reduce nocturnal wakefulness and/or an increase in prevention resources at this time.

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0037 Blue Light Exposure Facilitates Cortical Neural Efficiency Exclusive of Melatonin Effects
Authors: Reign Deva , Dailey Natalie , King Rylee , Grandner Michael , Alkozei Anna , Killgore William 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep and circadian rhythms are influenced by exposure to light at specific times of day. In particular, blue light exposure can suppress melatonin production, shift circadian timing of sleep and wake, and acutely enhance alertness. Despite the consistency of these effects, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. We propose that in addition to the melatonin and phase shifting effects of blue light, that it also produces acute changes in brain activation that lead to greater neural efficiency.

Methods
Twenty-six individuals (11 male; 15 female, Mean age=24.27, SD=6.27) completed a counterbalanced cross-over design study while undergoing two separate neuroimaging scans in a 3T MRI scanner separated by one week. During scanning, each participant was exposed to either BLUE light (470 nm; active condition) or AMBER (580 nm; placebo condition) light conditions on alternate weeks. All scans occurred between 11:00 a.m. and 1:30 p.m., a time that has been described as the “dead zone” when melatonin levels are generally unaffected by light exposure. Participants completed a well-established working memory task (i.e., N-back task) in the scanner while undergoing continuous exposure to the specific light wavelength for the duration of the task. We contrasted the simple 1-back memory condition versus the 0-back memory condition using SPM12. Contrast maps were then compared using a paired-samples t-test.

Results
Compared to AMBER light, the BLUE light was associated with significantly less deactivation within two large clusters comprising the default mode network (DMN). These included a large cluster (k=1343 voxels) in the medial prefrontal cortex and a large cluster (k=5075 voxels) encompassing the posterior cingulate, precuneus, and parietal cortex regions (p&lt;.05 FDR cluster corrected). Melatonin levels did not differ from pre-to-post light exposure for either condition.

Conclusion
Despite no effect on salivary melatonin, BLUE light exposure was associated with significantly less deactivation of brain regions that are usually suppressed to engage in cognitively demanding tasks. This suggests that blue light appears to enhance cognitive efficiency, potentially leading to similar performance while taxing fewer brain resources. Such findings suggest a potential role for blue light in sustaining performance during periods of sleep loss.

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0046 Circadian misalignment is associated with Covid-19 infection
Authors: Coelho Julien , Micoulaud-Franchi Jean-Arthur , Nguyen Duc , Wiet Anne-Sophie , Taillard Jacques , Philip Pierre 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in patients infected by Covid-19, but the role of sleep-wake behaviors as a risk factor to contract Covid-19 has up to now poorly been studied. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between usual sleep-wake behaviors and the risk of Covid-19 infection in a population of subjects suspect of contact or infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
Cross-sectionnal monocentric study set during a non-confined period in winter 2021. Recruitment took place in a Covid-19 ambulatory screening platform. Subjects between 18 and 45 years old were included whether they were symptomatic or not, healthcare workers or not, in contact with a Covid-19 case or not. They were asked about their usual sleep-wake behaviors. Usual sleep duration and sleep timing were explored during workdays and free days. Circadian misalignment was defined as at least 2 hours shift of circadian alignment (defined as the difference between mid-sleep during workdays and mid-sleep during free days, mid sleep as the middle between bedtime and getting up time).

Results
One thousand eighteen subjects were included in our study (acceptance rate: 10.8%, 39% of men, mean age of 28±8). Habitual mean sleep duration was equivalent in both groups (7h47 vs 7h49, p=0.733). Circadian misalignment greater than 2 hours concerned 33% of subjects in the Covid-19 group versus 20% of the control group (p=0.026). After adjustment on age, gender, BMI and work schedules, subjects presenting a circadian misalignment superior to 2 hours had 2.07 more chances to be tested positive than subjects which respected on identical sleep-wake timing between workdays and free days (OR=2.07, 95%CI= [1.12-3.80], p=0.024).

Conclusion
Altered sleep not only is present in subjects infected by Covid-19 but could be responsible of a higher change to be infected. Chronobiological impact on immune system and higher chances to be exposed to social contacts could explain our findings which deserve to be confirmed through a future large cohort study. Ultimately regular sleep-wake pattern could constitute a privileged prevention target to fight Covid-19 infection.

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0057 Age at menopause and insomnia in a racially diverse cohort
Authors: Shieu Monica , Braley Tiffany , Zaheed Afsara , Perry Julie , Becker Jill , Dunietz Galit Levi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Menopause is related to major hormonal, physical, and psychological changes for women, each of which could influence their sleep. However, sleep in women post-menopause may differ by race and ethnicity. We aimed to examine associations between age at menopause and insomnia symptoms among US women by race and ethnicity.

Methods
We utilized 2008-2012 data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative cohort of US adults age 50+, restricted to women with natural transition to menopause. Age at menopause was retrieved from baseline information (2008) and was used to categorized women into premature menopause (age≤40y), early menopause (age 41-45y), and normal menopause (age&gt;45y). An insomnia composite score was constructed from 2010 and 2012 survey items that assessed insomnia symptoms (i.e., trouble falling asleep, nighttime awakenings, early morning awakenings, and feelings of nonrestorative sleep). Insomnia items that were reported as “most of the time” were considered positive and contributed to the composite score (range: 0-4). We estimated associations between age at menopause and insomnia symptoms using linear regression models and logistic regression models for continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. Models were stratified by White/non-White race and were adjusted for age, education, physical activity, parity, marital status, and survey year.

Results
Among 4,435 women, 338, 701, and 3,396 reported premature, early, and normal menopause, respectively. In White women, premature menopause was associated with a higher mean composite insomnia score than those who had normal menopause (b=0.20, p=0.03). However, this association was not seen in non-Whites. For individual insomnia survey items, premature menopause in White women was associated with greater odds of nonrestorative sleep (OR=1.98, 1.30-3.03) compared with normal menopause. In contrast, a premature menopause was not associated with nonrestorative sleep in non-Whites. Premature menopause was not associated with other individual insomnia symptoms for both groups.

Conclusion
Premature transition to menopause is associated with increased insomnia symptoms in White women. Among individual insomnia features, premature menopause had the greatest impact on nonrestorative sleep. Given the importance of sleep quality for various health outcomes, our findings highlight a need for more dedicated sleep assessments in women who experience premature menopause.

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0061 Associations Between Sleep, Adverse Childhood Experiences and High Body Mass Index in a National Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Covington Lauren , Brownlow Janeese , Ji Xiaopeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are independently associated with short sleep duration (SD) and an increased obesity risk that tracks into adulthood. Similarly, substantial research has demonstrated an association between deficient sleep and overweight/obesity in adolescents. Not known is how sleep duration and ACEs may interact in association with obesity risk in adolescents. This study explored ACEs as a moderator between sleep duration and obesity risk in a national sample of adolescents.

Methods
Using the National Survey of Children’s Health 2017-2018 dataset, we included adolescents (10-17 yrs) with available SD and Body Mass Index (BMI) data. Parents reported adolescent’s SD, and number of ACEs. We classified adolescents as overweight/obese if they had a BMI ≥85th percentile. Using a stepwise approach and accounting for complex survey design, logistic regression (STATA 16.0) estimated the interaction between SD and the number of ACEs in adolescents, controlling for selected covariates (i.e., demographics, social determinants, sleep regularity, exercise, and mental/physical health outcomes).

Results
In a sample of 26,013 adolescents (mean age=13.81, SD=2.29; 52% male, 70% White, Non-Hispanic), 27% were classified as overweight/obese, 47% had &gt;1 ACE, and 34% had SD &lt;8-10 hours/night. Accounting for covariates and ACEs, every hour increase in SD was associated with 6% decrease in the odds of overweight/obesity (OR=0.94, p=0.04). There was a significant interaction between SD and ACEs. Compared with having no ACEs, the association between longer sleep and lower odds of high BMI was weakened or even reversed if an adolescent experienced one ACE (OR=1.18, p=0.02) or two or more ACEs (OR=1.13, p=0.04).

Conclusion
Adolescence may be a critical period in the life course for the interaction between SD and ACEs on obesity risk. Increasing SD is a known intervention target to decrease obesity risk, yet in children experiencing one or more ACE, this protective role may be dampened. Our results suggest that sleep and cardiometabolic intervention efforts should target adolescents who may be living within risky childhood environments.

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0062 Race/ethnicity, Sleep Duration, and All-cause Mortality Risk in the United States
Authors: Denney Justin , Zamora-Kapoor Anna , Hansen Devon , Whitney Paul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Health experts recommend that adults should sleep between 7 to 9 hours in a 24-hour period, with data indicating higher mortality risks both above and below these thresholds. However, no study to date has examined the association between sleep duration and mortality risk across racial/ethnic groups.

Methods
Data from the linked mortality files of the 2004-2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were used to examine the association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality among U.S. adults. Of 278,103 adults aged 25+, 22,347 individuals died over the follow-up period. Sleep duration was coded as: &lt;7 hours, 7 to 9 hours, and &gt;9 hours. Race/ethnicity was categorized as: non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, NH American Indian/Alaska Native, NH Asian, NH multiple races, and Hispanic. Cox Proportional Hazard models were used to estimate associations between sleep duration, race/ethnicity, and mortality. All results are reported as relative risk ratios (RRR).

Results
Across the sample, we replicated previous research, finding increased mortality risk for those sleeping &lt;7 hours or &gt;9 hours in a 24-hour period. Relative to NH Whites, after adjustments for sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, mortality risk for NH Blacks and NH multiracial individuals was statistically indistinguishable while NH Asians (RRR= 0.79; p &lt;0.001) and Hispanics (RRR= 0.80; p&lt;0.001) had lower risk. Interactions between sleep duration and race/ethnicity showed that NH White adults sleeping &gt;9 hours experienced 1.82 times higher (p&lt;0.001) risk than those sleeping 7 to 9 hours. This risk was greater than NH Blacks (RRR= 1.42; p&lt;0.001), NH Asians (RRR= 1.00; p&lt; .05), and Hispanics (RRR= 1.15; p &lt;0.01). Further, stratified regression analyses showed heightened mortality risks only for NH Whites sleeping &lt;7 hours (RRR= 1.06; p &lt;0.05).

Conclusion
The association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality risk varies by race/ethnicity. While sleeping &lt;7 hours in a 24-hour period is thought to increase mortality risk, we found this is specific to NH Whites. Sleeping &gt;9 hours is associated with a higher mortality risk, but more so for NH Whites than other groups. More research on sleep duration and mortality that takes race/ethnic specific risk factors into account is needed to identify causal mechanisms.

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Health Equity Research Center (HERC) at Washington State University
0066 A Mexican Spanish Version of the Assessment of Sleep Environment
Authors: Valencia Dora , Begay Tommy , Granados Karla , Delgadillo Marcos , Ghani Sadia , Molina Patricia , Alfonso-Miller Pamela , Wills Chloe , Grandner Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep research that has been previously completed with individuals of Mexican descent generally do not use instruments that have been translated in accordance with the language norms of the target community. In this study, the Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE) was translated by a bilingual research study team. The ASE was then completed by English and Spanish speaking participants, in their preferred language.

Methods
Data were collected from a sample of N=100 individuals of Mexican descent in Nogales, Arizona, located at the US-Mexico border. The ASE is a 13-item scale that quantifies the degree to which an individual perceives that their physical environment interferes with their sleep quality. It includes items about heat, cold, noise, quiet, light, dark, smell, humidity, comfort of sleeping surface and bedding, and safety. To translate the measure into Spanish, the following procedure was followed: (1) a bilingual study team member performed an initial translation; (2) a bilingual community member edited the translation; (3) a certified medical translator edited the revision; (4) a focus group of N=5 bilingual community members made contextual edits; (5) a back-translation was performed; (6) an additional bilingual focus group examined the final version for compatibility; and (7) the medical translator certified the accuracy of the final version. T-tests examined differences between those who completed the measure in Spanish vs English.

Results
Of the N=100 survey respondents, N=42 completed the ASE in Spanish. No significant differences were seen in overall scores between those who completed the measure in English or Spanish (p=0.17). In addition, no differences were seen for individual items assessing light (p=0.19), dark (p=0.21), noise (p=0.73), quiet (p=0.15), heat (p=0.08), cold (p=0.96), pillows (p=0.93), firmness (p=0.98), other sleeping surface issues (p=0.08), or safety (p=0.28), but mean differences were seen for humid (0.04), smell (0.04), and softness (p=0.02), with respondents to the Spanish version reporting a lower degree of disturbance due to these factors.

Conclusion
There were no significant differences seen in overall scores between those that completed the English and Spanish versions. Future studies can use the Spanish version of the ASE when assessing this population.

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0076 Differences in Pain Catastrophizing and Insomnia Among Racially Diverse Veterans with Chronic Pain
Authors: Wright Brittany , Martin Aaron 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Racially diverse Veterans may be particularly susceptible to insomnia in the context of chronic pain. Pain catastrophizing (PC) involves a negative response to pain including rumination, magnification, and helplessness, and is positively associated with deleterious pain outcomes, including insomnia severity. As little work has examined racial differences among Veterans, this poster will explore differences in insomnia severity and PC between Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and White Veterans.

Methods
271 Veterans with moderate to severe chronic pain seeking treatment to address insomnia completed PC (Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PCS) and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index; ISI) measures. The sample consisted of 100 Black/African American, 48 Hispanic/Latino, and 123 White Veterans. A one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) investigated whether ISI varied significantly across racial groups. Similarly, ANCOVAs were conducted to test whether PC differed by race. Numerical pain rating was included as a covariate in the models.

Results
There was a significant difference in insomnia severity [F(2 , 263) = 4.03; p = .02; partial n2 = .03] by race. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated a significant difference in insomnia severity between Black/African Americans and White Veterans (p = .02). There was also a statistically significant difference in PC based on race, (F(2 , 262) = 7.03, p = .001; partial n2 = .05). Post-hoc analyses indicated a significant difference in PC between Black/African Americans and White Veterans (p = .01), as well as White and Hispanic/Latino Veterans (p &lt; .01).In addition, there were significant differences in all three PCS subscales by race. Black/African Americans and White Veterans significantly differed on rumination (p &lt; .01), and magnification (p &lt; .001). White and Hispanic Veterans significantly differed on rumination (p = .02), magnification (p = .001) and helplessness (p &lt; .05).

Conclusion
This is the first study to explore insomnia and PC differences by race in Veterans. Black/African American and Hispanic Veterans demonstrated higher insomnia severity and PC than White Veterans. No significant differences emerged between Black/African American and Hispanic Veterans. Interventions that reduce PC may be particularly important for improving sleep for racial minority Veterans. Future studies should explore the relationship between sleep and PC for racial minority Veterans.

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