bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and neonatal outcomes following the introduction of the Fetal Pillow at a tertiary maternity hospital: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chooi Kathrina Y.L. , Deussen Andrea R. , Louise Jennie , Cash Sarah , Dodd Jodie M. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundCaesarean birth at full cervical dilatation can be technically challenging and may be associated with increased risks of maternal and neonatal morbidity, often secondary to difficulties in delivering a deeply impacted fetal head. The Fetal Pillow is a device designed to elevate an impacted fetal head out of the pelvis and reduce birth trauma.AimsTo evaluate birth outcomes following the introduction of the Fetal Pillow at a tertiary maternity hospital.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all caesarean births at full cervical dilatation where the Fetal Pillow was utilised and compared with caesarean births where the Fetal Pillow was not used from October 2018 to December 2019. Maternal outcomes included uterine incision extension, blood loss, high dependency unit admission and postoperative length of stay. Neonatal outcomes included Apgar scores, resuscitation, cord arterial blood pH and lactate, nursery admission, birth trauma, jaundice and seizures.ResultsThere were 53 caesarean births where the Fetal Pillow was utilised and 48 where it was not. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups with mean maternal age across both groups of 30.4 (±5.3) years, mean gestational age at birth of 39.5 (±1.2) weeks and mean infant birth weight of 3543 (±441) g. There were no statistically significant differences between the two study groups for the maternal and neonatal outcomes considered.ConclusionsThere was no evidence that use of the Fetal Pillow to elevate an impacted fetal head during caesarean birth when cervical dilatation is >7 cm was associated with a reduced rate of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Editorial: terlipressin in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure grade 3—too late?
Authors: Trebicka Jonel , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: December 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17195 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17323
Editorial: the impact of COVID on management of IBD flares—different care but similar outcomes
Authors: Haydek John P. , Scott Frank I. 
Published: December 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Saifuddin et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17223 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17293
Adherence levels and patterns for multiple cardiac medications prescribed to patients with incident atrial fibrillation events
Authors: Lip Gregory Y. H. , Genaidy Ash , Jones Bobby , Tran George , Marroquin Patricia , Estes Cara , Shnaiden Tatiana 
Published: December 2022

AimsUsing advanced longitudinal analyses, this real‐world investigation examined medication adherence levels and patterns for incident atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with significant cardiovascular and noncardiovascular multimorbid conditions for each of 5 medication classes (β‐blockers, calcium channel blockers/digoxin, antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants, antiplatelets). The population was derived from a large cohort covering a wide age spectrum/diversified US geographical areas/wide range of socioeconomic–disability status.MethodsThe patients were drawn from 3 different health plans. Adherence was defined in terms of the proportion of day covered (PDC), and its patterns were modelled in terms of group‐based trajectory, with each pattern profiled in terms of comorbid history, demographic variables and health plan factors using multinomial regression modelling.ResultsThe total population consisted of 1 978 168 patients, with the AF cohort being older (average age of 64.6 years relative to 44.7 years for the non‐AF cohort) and having fewer females (47.8% relative to 55.4 for the non‐AF cohort). The AF cohort had significant cardiovascular/noncardiovascular multimorbidities and was much sicker than the non‐AF cohort. A 6‐group based trajectory solution appears to be the most logical outcome for each medication class according to assessed criteria. For each medication class, it consisted of one consistent adherent group (PDC ≥ 0.84), one fast declining group (PDC ≤ 0.11) and 4 intermediate nonadherence groups (slow decline [0.30–0.74 PDC range], occasional users [0.24–0.55 PDC range] and early gap/increased adherence [0.62–0.75]). The most consistent adherent groups were much lower than 50% of the total population and equal to 12.5–27.0% of the population, with the fast declining nonadherent pattern in the 5.6–35.0% of the population and the intermediate nonadherence equal to ~61% of the population.ConclusionOur findings confirm that medication adherence is of major concern among multimorbid patients, with adherence levels lower much than those reported in the literature. There are 3 patterns of intermediate nonadherence (slow decline, occasional users, early gap/increased adherence), which were found to be eligible for interventions aimed at improving their adherence levels for each medication class. This may help improve cardiovascular medication adherence using large medication nonadherence improvement programmes.
Trait impressions from faces depend on the goals of the perceiver
Authors: Lin Chujun , Adolphs Ralph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTrait impressions from faces formed in the real world likely depend on the circumstances in which a face is seen, in particular, on the goal of the perceiver in that circumstance. This goal dependency is typically not incorporated into laboratory studies, an omission that has limited our understanding of trait impressions from faces.
Licochalcone A protects against LPS‐induced inflammation and acute lung injury by directly binding with myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2)
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Wang Minxiu , Jin Leiming , Yang Bin , Bai Bin , Mutsinze Rumbidzai Natasha , Zuo Wei , Chattipakorn Nipon , Huh Joo Young , Liang Guang , Wang Yi 
Published: December 2022

Background and PurposeAcute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a challenging clinical syndrome that leads to various respiratory sequelae and even high mortality in patients with severe disease. The novel pharmacological strategies and therapeutic drugs are urgently needed. Natural products have played a fundamental role and provided an abundant pool in drug discovery.Experimental ApproachA compound library containing 160 natural products was used to screen potential anti‐inflammatory compounds. Mice with LPS‐induced ALI was then used to verify the preventive and therapeutic effects of the selected compounds.Key ResultsLicochalcone A was discovered from the anti‐inflammatory screening of natural products in macrophages. A qPCR array validated the inflammation‐regulatory effects of licochalcone A and indicated that the potential targets of licochalcone A may be the upstream proteins in LPS pro‐inflammatory signalling. Further studies showed that licochalcone A directly binds to myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2), an assistant protein of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), to block both LPS‐induced TRIF‐ and MYD88‐dependent pathways. LEU61 and PHE151 in MD2 protein are the two key residues that contribute to the binding of MD2 to licochalcone A. In vivo, licochalcone A treatment alleviated ALI in LPS‐challenged mice through significantly reducing immunocyte infiltration, suppressing activation of TLR4 pathway and inflammatory cytokine induction.Conclusion and ImplicationsIn summary, our study identified MD2 as a direct target of licochalcone A for its anti‐inflammatory activity and suggested that licochalcone A might serve as a novel MD2 inhibitor and a potential drug for developing ALI/ARDS therapy.
Agreement between a mobile applet‐based visual acuity self‐test program and the conventional method for distance and near visual acuity tests
Authors: Xian Yiyong , Ye Yuhao , Liu Fang , Zhou Xingtao , Zhao Jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the agreement between a mobile applet‐based visual acuity (VA) self‐test program and the conventional VA tests.MethodsThis consecutive case series study included 121 children and adults (242 eyes). Patients were classified into three groups according to age (children, adolescents, and adults). They underwent uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) testing, distance visual acuity with available spectacle correction (DVA with ASC) testing at 2.5‐m distance, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) testing, and near visual acuity with available spectacle correction (NVA with ASC) testing at a 0.4‐m distance using a mobile applet‐based VA self‐test program and conventional VA tests in two eyes.ResultsCorrelations among UDVA, DVA with ASC, UNVA, and NVA with ASC between the two methods were significant in all subjects (all p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient were 0.960, 0.845, 0.960, and 0.669, respectively (all p < 0.001). The proportions of bias outside the 95% confidence interval limit of agreements were 6.20%, 4.82%, 7.08%, and 6.10%, respectively. There were significant differences in NVA with ASC between the two methods (p < 0.05) in the adolescent group, but no differences in measured parameters were found among children and adult groups.ConclusionsThere is good agreement between the mobile applet‐based VA self‐test program and the conventional VA tests. The VA self‐test has good practical value especially in the current pandemic, allowing self‐screening of visual acuity, myopia control, and remote management of visual impairment in ocular morbidity.
Supplementation of mitochondria from endometrial mesenchymal stem cells improves oocyte quality in aged mice
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hao Jian‐Xiu , Liu Bo‐Wen , Ouyang Ying‐Chun , Guo Jia‐Ni , Dong Ming‐Zhe , Wang Zhen‐Bo , Gao Fei , Yao Yuan‐Qing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMaternal ageing is one of the major causes of reduced ovarian reserve and low oocyte quality in elderly women. Decreased oocyte quality is the main cause of age‐related infertility. Mitochondria are multifunctional energy stations that determine the oocyte quality. The mitochondria in aged oocytes display functional impairments with mtDNA damage, which leads to reduced competence and developmental potential of oocytes. To improve oocyte quality, mitochondrial supplementation is carried out as a potential therapeutic approach. However, the selection of suitable cells as the source of mitochondria remains controversial. We cultivated endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnMSCs) from aged mice and extracted mitochondria from EnMSCs. To improve the quality of oocytes, GV oocytes were supplemented with mitochondria via microinjection. And MII oocytes from aged mice were fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), combining EnMSCs' mitochondrial microinjection. In this study, we found that the mitochondria derived from EnMSCs could significantly improve the quality of aged oocytes. Supplementation with EnMSC mitochondria significantly increased the blastocyst ratio of MII oocytes from aged mice after ICSI. We also found that the birth rate of mitochondria‐injected ageing oocytes was significantly increased after embryo transplantation. Our study demonstrates that supplementation with EnMSC‐derived mitochondria can improve the quality of oocytes and promote embryo development in ageing mice, which might provide a prospective strategy for clinical treatment.
Exposure to tacrolimus trough levels below 6 ng/ml during the first year is associated with inferior kidney graft survival
Authors: Agur Timna , Rahamimov Ruth , Zingerman Boris , Bielopolski Dana , Lichtenberg Shelly , Nesher Eviatar , Rozen‐Zvi Benaya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating data indicate that sub‐therapeutic levels of tacrolimus are associated with long‐term kidney graft loss. However, elevated doses increase the risk of infection and drug toxicity, which also threaten graft and patient longevity. We sought to determine the minimal tacrolimus level required to maintain graft survival.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center historical cohort study. The first‐year post‐transplant exposure time was calculated for each of the five tacrolimus trough level intervals. This measure was adjusted to the exposure time below a given interval level, allowing us to define the threshold for the optimal tacrolimus level as the upper limit of the interval. We then determined the association between the adjusted exposure time at each tacrolimus level interval and our primary outcome, death‐censored graft loss.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and seventeen patients with a median follow‐up of 5.3 years were included in the final cohort. The tacrolimus level interval of 5–6 ng/ml was the highest interval, which demonstrated a statistically significant association between adjusted exposure time and increased risk of graft loss (HR 1.58, per log days, p = .002). Cumulative exposure time above 14 days with a tacrolimus level below 6 ng/ml was associated with an increased rate of graft loss in most studied subgroups, except for recipients with pre transplant diabetes.ConclusionsMaintaining tacrolimus levels above 6 ng/ml during the first‐year post‐transplant might improve kidney graft survival.
Plankton size spectra as an indicator of larval success in Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax)
Authors: Hinchliffe Charles , Matis Paloma A. , Schilling Hayden T. , Everett Jason D. , Miskiewicz Anthony G. , Pepin Pierre , Falster Daniel S. , Suthers Iain M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEstimating demographic changes in a population requires the measurement of some minimal combination of several vital rates, including the flux of individuals into a population, the population growth rate, individual growth rates and mortality rates. For larval fishes, the ratio of instantaneous mortality to growth (i.e., their ‘recruitment potential’) has been used to make inferences of cohort trajectory where measures of population growth rates are not attainable. Attaining estimates of mortality and growth is an arduous task, and use of the recruitment potential metric has been limited. Here, we relate size spectra of the broader plankton community to the recruitment potential of simultaneously sampled larval Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax), from three voyages off eastern Australia. As the size structure of a population is determined by the ratio of mortality to growth, and there is remarkable consistency in size spectra across ecosystems, we test the hypothesis that the recruitment potential of larval fish is reflected in community‐level measures of plankton size spectra. Contrary to expectations, results from this study demonstrate a negative relationship between the slope of the plankton size spectra and the recruitment potential of larval Pacific sardine. However, we also demonstrate several other stronger relationships between recruitment potential and physical oceanographic parameters. Together, results suggest plankton size spectra are unlikely to reflect recruitment potential directly. Incorporating some size‐based aspects of the plankton community into a broader modelling framework with a range of oceanographic parameters could further our ability to determine how larval success varies across a seascape.
Can probation be rehabilitated?
Authors: Robinson Gwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article is based on the 24th annual Bill McWilliams memorial lecture which was delivered at the Institute of Criminology in Cambridge on 9 June 2022. Coinciding with the first anniversary of the unification of probation services in England and Wales, the lecture considered the recent past, present and potential future of the service through the lens of a central concept in probation work: namely, rehabilitation. Three ways of understanding this concept are considered: rehabilitation as restoration; rehabilitation as a process of building back better; and looking‐glass rehabilitation. It is argued that each perspective suggests a different orientation to, and a different set of issues and questions about, probation's future and the work that is needed to help the unified service move on from a traumatic recent past.
Methods for strengths use support: A multi‐dimensional model
Authors: Matsuo Makoto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examines how middle managers support their employees' strengths use via three sequential analyses. In Study 1, an open‐ended questionnaire survey of high‐performing middle managers at a global manufacturer in Japan (n = 144) was conducted to collect comments on strengths use support (SUS). The grounded theory approach was used to generate four categories of SUS, and a quantitative questionnaire was developed based on the analysis. In Study 2, three dimensions of SUS (understanding employees' strengths and interests, developing strengths through challenging assignments, and supporting the accomplishment) were identified by exploratory factor analyses using the questionnaire survey data of middle managers in Japanese firms (n = 208). Study 3 examined the validity and reliability of the three‐dimensional model using confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire survey data of middle managers in Japanese firms (n = 209).
Environmental migration as short‐ or long‐term differences from a trend: A case study of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita effects on out‐migration in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Fussell Elizabeth , DeWaard Jack , Curtis Katherine J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn environmental event that damages housing and the built environment may result in either a short‐ or long‐term out‐migration response, depending on residents' recovery decisions and hazard tolerance. If residents move only in the immediate disaster aftermath, then out‐migration will be elevated only in the short‐term. However, if disasters increase residents' concerns about future risk, heighten vulnerability, or harm the local economy, then out‐migration may be elevated for years after an event. The substantive aim of this research brief is to evaluate hypotheses about short‐ and long‐term out‐migration responses to the highly destructive 2005 hurricane season in the Gulf of Mexico. The methodological aim is to demonstrate a difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach analysing time series data from Gulf Coast counties to compare short‐ and long‐differences in out‐migration probabilities in the treatment and control counties. We find a large short‐term out‐migration response and a smaller sustained increase for the disaster‐affected coastal counties.
Development of a clinically relevant ex vivo model of cardiac ablation for testing of ablation catheters
Authors: Lacko Christopher S. , Chen Qi , Mendoza Vivienne , Parikh Vanessa , Eichenbaum Gary , Bar‐Tal Meir , Eckert Chad E. , De Leon Hector , Matonick John P. , Sharma Tushar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionReliable ex vivo cardiac ablation models have the potential to increase catheter testing throughput while minimizing animal usage. The goal of this work was to develop a physiologically relevant ex vivo swine model of cardiac ablation displaying minimal variability and high repeatability and identify and optimize key parameters involved in ablation outcomes.Methods and ResultsA root cause analysis was conducted to identify variables affecting ablation outcomes. Parameters associated with the tissue, bath media, and impedance were identified. Variables were defined experimentally and/or from literature sources to best mimic the clinical cardiac ablation setting. The model was validated by performing three independent replicates of ex vivo myocardial ablation and a direct comparison of lesion outcomes of the ex vivo swine myocardial and in vivo canine thigh preparation (TP) models. Replicate experiments on the ex vivo model demonstrated low variance in ablation depth (6.5 ± 0.6, 6.3 ± 0.6, 6.2 ± 0.4 mm) and width (10.4 ± 1.1, 9.7 ± 1.0, 9.9 ± 0.9 mm) and no significant differences between replicates. In a direct comparison of the two models, the ex vivo model demonstrated ablation depths similar to the canine TP model at 35 W (6.9 ± 1.0, and 7.0 ± 0.9 mm) and 50 W (8.0 ± 0.7, and 8.4 ± 0.7 mm), as well as similar power to depth ratios (15% and 19% for the ex vivo cardiac and in vivo TP models, respectively).ConclusionThe ex vivo model exhibited strong lesion reproducibility and power‐to‐depth ratios comparable to the in vivo TP model. The optimized ex vivo model minimizes animal usage with increased throughput, lesion characteristics similar to the in vivo TP model, and ability to discriminate minor variations between different catheter designs.
Spawning migration behaviour of sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) in a boreal river system: effects of flow conditions and obstacles on migratory activity
Authors: Lähteenmäki Linus , Orell Panu , Romakkaniemi Atso , Snickars Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, radio telemetry was used to examine the upstream spawning migration behaviour of anadromous brown trout (sea trout), Salmo trutta L., in a boreal river system, the River Isojoki, western Finland. The aim was to study the movement activity and migration characteristics of trout during the upstream spawning migration, as well as to locate the important spawning habitats and study the spawning characteristics. Furthermore, the authors analysed how flow conditions and a hydropower dam, with adjacent fishways, affected the upstream spawning migration. Tagged trout spawned in both the main stem and four tributaries, with spawning taking place from early October to November. The movement activity of radio‐tagged trout was influenced by a hydropower dam (Perus dam), with spring migrators spending prolonged periods at the dam area, postponing the migration upstream. Flow conditions affected the total time spent at the dam area, as well as the movement activity in the free‐flowing sections above the dam, with increasing flow stimulating activity. In addition, time of river ascent and location of spawning area had a significant effect on the movement activity of tagged trout. These results are further evidence that synergistic effects of flow and migratory obstacles can negatively influence migrations of anadromous fish, regardless of constructed fishways. The management of flow regimes and the efficiency of fishways are vital, as climate change will likely influence the flow and increase the water temperature of boreal river systems, further aggravating issues caused by obstacles.