bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room‐Temperature Oxidation of Thulium‐Metal Nanoparticles to the Thulium Oxocluster [Tm5O(OiPr)13]
Authors: Reiß Andreas , Schlittenhardt Sören , Ruben Mario , Feldmann Claus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractZerovalent thulium nanoparticles (2.2±0.3 nm in size) are used as the starting material to prepare single crystals of the thulium oxocluster [Tm5O(OiPr)13]. The reaction is performed by controlled oxidation of the Tm(0) nanoparticles at room temperature (25°C) in isopropanol. The pentanuclear oxocluster contains a non‐charged molecular unit with a central Tm5O core and five μ1‐, four μ2‐, and four μ3‐bridging (OiPr)− ligands. Single‐crystal structure analysis (P21/n, a=1247.7(6), b=2146.2(15), c=2056.6(9) pm, β=93.23(1)°) and infrared spectroscopy confirm the oxidation of HOiPr with formation of H2 and (OiPr)−. Temperature‐dependent measurements show antiferromagnetic coupling. Such a polynuclear [Ln5O(OiPr)13] oxocluster (Ln: lanthanide) is prepared with thulium‐metal nanoparticles as a starting material for the first time and points to the suitability of reactive rare‐earth metal nanoparticles as starting materials.
Li3TrAs2 (Tr=Al, Ga, In) – Derivatives of the antifluorite type structure, conductivities and electronic structures
Authors: Wegner Florian , Kamm Franziska , Pielnhofer Florian , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLi3AlAs2, Li3GaAs2 and Li3InAs2 were obtained from the elements via high temperature synthesis. Li3AlAs2 and Li3GaAs2 crystallize in a distorted 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 superstructure of the antifluorite structure type. The orthorhombic crystal structure is isotypic to Li3AlP2 and Li3GaP2, space group Cmce (No. 64) showing layers of condensed TrAs4‐tetrahedra (Tr=Al, Ga). Li3InAs2 crystallizes isotypic to Li3InP2 in a distorted 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 4 antifluorite type superstructure. The crystal structure is tetragonal, space group I41/acd (No. 142), showing a 3D‐network of In4As10‐supertetrahedra. Structural characterization by powder X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, conductivity measurements and band structure calculations show ion conductivity for Li3InAs2 and electronic charge transport for Li3AlAs2 and Li3GaAs2.
Common origin of θ13 and dark matter within the flavor symmetric scoto-seesaw framework
Authors: Ganguly Joy , Gluza Janusz , Karmakar Biswajit 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To understand the observed pattern of neutrino masses and mixing as well as to account for the dark matter we propose a hybrid scoto-seesaw model based on the A4 discrete flavor symmetry. In this setup, including at least two heavy right-handed neutrinos is essential to employ the discrete flavor symmetry that mimics once popular tribimaximal neutrino mixing at the leading order via type-I seesaw. The scotogenic contribution then acts as a critical deviation to reproduce the observed value of the reactor mixing angle θ13 (within the trimaximal mixing scheme) and to accommodate potential dark matter candidates, pointing towards a common origin of θ13 and dark matter. The model predicts the atmospheric angle to be in the upper octant, excludes some regions on the Dirac CP phase, and restricts the Majorana phases too. Further, normal and inverted mass hierarchies can be distinguished for specific values of the relative phases associated with the complex light neutrino mass matrix. Owing to the considered flavor symmetry, contributions coming from the scotogenic mechanism towards the lepton flavor violating decays such as μ → eγ, τ → eγ vanish, and a lower limit on the second right-handed neutrino mass can be obtained. Prediction for the effective mass parameter appearing in the neutrinoless double beta decay falls within the sensitivity of future experiments such as LEGEND-1k and nEXO.
Dissipation of oscillating scalar backgrounds in an FLRW universe
Authors: Wang Zi-Liang , Ai Wen-Yuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the dissipation of oscillating scalar backgrounds in a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe using non-equilibrium quantum field theory. To be concrete, a Z2-symmetric two-scalar model with quartic interactions is used. For quasi-harmonic oscillations, we adopt the multi-scale analysis to obtain analytical approximate expressions for the evolution of the scalar background in terms of the retarded self-energy and retarded proper four-vertex function. Different from the case in flat spacetime, we find that in an expanding universe the condensate decay in this model can be complete only if the imaginary part of the retarded self-energy is not negligibly small. The microphysical interpretation of the imaginary parts of the retarded self-energy and retarded proper four-vertex function in terms of particle production is also discussed.
Heterotic quantum cohomology
Authors: McOrist Jock , Svanes Eirik Eik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is believed, but not demonstrated, that the large radius massless spectrum of a heterotic string theory compactified to four-dimensional Minkowski space should obey equations that split into ‘F-terms’ and ‘D-terms’ in ways analogous to that of four-dimensional supersymmetric field theories. This is not easy to do directly as string theory is first quantised. Nonetheless, in this paper we demonstrate this splitting. We construct an operator$$ \overline{\mathcal{D}} $$D¯whose kernel amounts to deformations solving ‘F-term’ type equations. In many previous works in this field, the spin connection is treated as an independent degree of freedom (and so is spurious or fake); here our results apply on the physical moduli space in which these fake degrees of freedom are eliminated. We utilise the moduli space metric, constructed in previous work, to define an adjoint operator$$ \overline{\mathcal{D}} $$D¯†. The kernel of$$ \overline{\mathcal{D}} $$D¯†amounts to ‘D-term’ type equations. Put together, we show there is a$$ \overline{\mathcal{D}} $$D¯-operator in which the massless spectrum are harmonic representatives of$$ \overline{\mathcal{D}} $$D¯. We conjecture that one could better study the moduli space of heterotic theories by studying the corresponding cohomology, a natural counterpart to studying the$$ \overline{\partial} $$∂¯-cohomology groups relevant to moduli of Calabi-Yau manifolds.
The Higgs→ $$ b\overline{b} $$, $$ c\overline{c} $$, gg measurement at CEPC
Authors: Zhu Yongfeng , Cui Hanhua , Ruan Manqi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Accurately measuring the properties of the Higgs boson is one of the core physics objectives of the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). As a Higgs factory, the CEPC is expected to operate at a centre-of-mass energy of 240 GeV, deliver an integrated luminosity of 5.6 ab−1, and produce one million Higgs bosons according to the CEPC Conceptual Design Report (CDR). Combining measurements of the ℓ+ℓ−H, $$ \nu \overline{\nu}H $$
ν

ν
¯

H
, and $$ q\overline{q}H $$
q

q
¯

H
channels, we conclude that the signal strength of $$ H\to b\overline{b}/c\overline{c}/ gg $$
H
→
b

b
¯

/
c

c
¯

/
gg
can be measured with a relative accuracy (relative statistical uncertainty only) of 0.27%/4.03%/1.56%. Extrapolating to the recently released TDR operating parameters corresponding to the integrated luminosity of 20 ab−1, the relative accuracy of $$ H\to b\overline{b}/c\overline{c}/ gg $$
H
→
b

b
¯

/
c

c
¯

/
gg
signal strength is 0.14%/2.13%/0.82% (relative statistical uncertainty only). We analyze the dependence of the expected accuracies on the critical detector performances: Color Singlet Identification (CSI) for the $$ q\overline{q}H $$
q

q
¯

H
channel and flavor tagging for both $$ \nu \overline{\nu}H $$
ν

ν
¯

H
and $$ q\overline{q}H $$
q

q
¯

H
channels. Compared to the baseline CEPC detector performance, ideal flavor tagging can increase the $$ H\to b\overline{b}/c\overline{c}/ gg $$
H
→
b

b
¯

/
c

c
¯

/
gg
signal strength accuracy by 2%/63%/13% in the $$ \nu \overline{\nu}H $$
ν

ν
¯

H
channel and 35%/122%/181% in the $$ q\overline{q}H $$
q

q
¯

H
channel. A strong dependence between the CSI performance and anticipated accuracies in $$ q\overline{q}H $$
q

q
¯

H
channel is identified. The relevant systematic uncertainties are also discussed in this paper.
Resolving charged hadrons in QED — gauge invariant interpolating operators
Authors: Nabeebaccus Saad , Zwicky Roman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Standard interpolating operators for charged mesons, e.g. JB = $$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

iγ5u for B−, are not gauge invariant in QED and therefore problematic for perturbative methods. We propose a gauge invariant interpolating operator by adding an auxiliary charged scalar ΦB, $$ {\mathcal{J}}_B^{(0)} $$

J
B

0

= JB ΦB, which reproduces all the universal soft and collinear logs. The modified LSZ-factor is shown to be infrared finite which is a necessary condition for validating the approach. At $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(α), this is equivalent to a specific Dirac dressing of charged operators. A generalisation thereof, using iterated integrals, establishes the equivalence to all orders and provides a transparent alternative viewpoint. The method is discussed by the example of the leptonic decay B−→ ℓ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

for which a numerical study is to follow. The formalism itself is valid for any spin, flavour and set of final states (e.g. B−→ π0ℓ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

).
Topological defects in nonlocal field theories
Authors: Buoninfante Luca , Miyashita Yuichi , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper we study for the first time topological defects in the context of nonlocal field theories in which Lagrangians contain infinite-order differential operators. In particular, we analyze domain walls. Despite the complexity of non-linear infinite-order differential equations, we are able to find an approximate analytic solution. We first determine the asymptotic behavior of the nonlocal domain wall close to the vacua. Then, we find a linearized nonlocal solution by perturbing around the well-known local ‘kink’, and show that it is consistent with the asymptotic behavior. We develop a formalism to study the solution around the origin, and use it to verify the validity of the linearized solution. We find that nonlocality makes the width of the domain wall thinner, and the energy per unit area smaller as compared to the local case. For the specific domain wall solution under investigation we derive a theoretical constraint on the energy scale of nonlocality which must be larger than the corresponding symmetry-breaking scale. We also briefly comment on other topological defects like string and monopole.
Vascular Health in Adults Born After Using Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Langer Magdalena , Vilsmaier Theresa , Kramer Marie , Sciuk Franziska , Kolbinger Brenda , Li Pengzhu , Jakob André , Rogenhofer Nina , Dalla-Pozza Robert , Thaler Christian , Haas Nikolaus Alexander , Oberhoffer Felix Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of children are conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Several studies indicated vascular alterations in ART children. However, limited data is available within the adult ART population. Therefore, this study investigated the overall vascular health of young ART adults in comparison to spontaneously conceived peers. In total, 16 ART subjects and 22 spontaneously conceived peers (22.06 ± 2.21 years vs. 22.00 ± 2.14 years, p = 0.194) were enrolled for the assessment of endothelial function, brachial blood pressure, central blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, and blood lipids. No significant differences in vascular function were detected between the in vitro fertilization subgroup (n = 9), the intracytoplasmic sperm injection subgroup (n = 7) and spontaneously conceived peers. This pilot study suggests an unimpaired vascular function in young ART adults. In the future, multi-centric studies with a greater sample size are required to confirm the results of the current study and enable precise cardiovascular risk stratification of the adult ART population.
Inclusion body myositis: from genetics to clinical trials
Authors: Nagy Sara , Khan Alaa , Machado Pedro M. , Houlden Henry 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInclusion body myositis (IBM) belongs to the group of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and is characterized by a slowly progressive disease course with asymmetric muscle weakness of predominantly the finger flexors and knee extensors. The disease leads to severe disability and most patients lose ambulation due to lack of curative or disease-modifying treatment options. Despite some genes reported to be associated with hereditary IBM (a distinct group of conditions), data on the genetic susceptibility of sporadic IBM are very limited. This review gives an overview of the disease and focuses on the current genetic knowledge and potential therapeutic implications.
PatrIoT: practical and agile threat research for IoT
Authors: Süren Emre , Heiding Fredrik , Olegård Johannes , Lagerström Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Internet of things (IoT) products, which have been widely adopted, still pose challenges in the modern cybersecurity landscape. Many IoT devices are resource-constrained and almost constantly online. Furthermore, the security features of these devices are less often of concern, and fewer methods, standards, and guidelines are available for testing them. Although a few approaches are available to assess the security posture of IoT products, the ones in use are mostly based on traditional non-IoT-focused techniques and generally lack the attackers’ perspective. This study provides a four-stage IoT vulnerability research methodology built on top of four key elements: logical attack surface decomposition, compilation of top 100 weaknesses, lightweight risk scoring, and step-by-step penetration testing guidelines. Our proposed methodology is evaluated with multiple IoT products. The results indicate that PatrIoT allows cyber security practitioners without much experience to advance vulnerability research activities quickly and reduces the risk of critical IoT penetration testing steps being overlooked.
Noninvasive intracranial pressure waveforms for estimation of intracranial hypertension and outcome prediction in acute brain-injured patients
Authors: Brasil Sérgio , Frigieri Gustavo , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Robba Chiara , Solla Davi Jorge Fontoura , de Carvalho Nogueira Ricardo , Yoshikawa Marcia Harumy , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Malbouisson Luiz Marcelo Sá , Paiva Wellingson Silva 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnalysis of intracranial pressure waveforms (ICPW) provides information on intracranial compliance. We aimed to assess the correlation between noninvasive ICPW (NICPW) and invasively measured intracranial pressure (ICP) and to assess the NICPW prognostic value in this population. In this cohort, acute brain-injured (ABI) patients were included within 5 days from admission in six Intensive Care Units. Mean ICP (mICP) values and the P2/P1 ratio derived from NICPW were analyzed and correlated with outcome, which was defined as: (a) early death (ED); survivors on spontaneous breathing (SB) or survivors on mechanical ventilation (MV) at 7 days from inclusion. Intracranial hypertension (IHT) was defined by ICP > 20 mmHg. A total of 72 patients were included (mean age 39, 68% TBI). mICP and P2/P1 values were significantly correlated (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). P2/P1 ratio was significantly higher in patients with IHT and had an area under the receiving operator curve (AUROC) to predict IHT of 0.88 (95% CI 0.78–0.98). mICP and P2/P1 ratio was also significantly higher for ED group (n = 10) than the other groups. The AUROC of P2/P1 to predict ED was 0.71 [95% CI 0.53–0.87], and the threshold P2/P1 > 1.2 showed a sensitivity of 60% [95% CI 31–83%] and a specificity of 69% [95% CI 57–79%]. Similar results were observed when decompressive craniectomy patients were excluded. In this study, P2/P1 derived from noninvasive ICPW assessment was well correlated with IHT. This information seems to be as associated with ABI patients outcomes as ICP.Trial registration: NCT03144219, Registered 01 May 2017 Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03144219.
Looking for patterns of change amid pandemic period in students’ evaluation of academic teaching
Authors: Sarra Annalina , Evangelista Adelia , Iannone Barbara , Di Battista Tonio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has shaken not only the global economy but every development field, including all levels of the education sector and in every place in the world. The wide spread of this pandemic disaster has undoubtedly changed the education landscape worldwide. Online teaching and learning become the primary instruction method and the global world of schools, colleges and universities were forced to adapt this model. The first concern about online learning is whether this method is effective compared to traditional face-to-face lessons. In this paper, we carried out a quantitative analysis to explore variations in university students’ feedback on learning experience in the context of this new challenging situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. By adopting an IRT modeling, we compared the appreciation of some aspects of 41 courses taught at the University of Chieti-Pescara (Italy) during the educational emergency with that of the previous year. Overall, from the results of this study, it is arisen that students have given positive feedbacks on their learning experiences and their effectiveness.
Combined effect of acute salt and nitrogen stress on the physiology of lichen symbiotic partners
Authors: Chowaniec Karolina , Żukowska-Trebunia Anna , Rola Kaja 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen pollution and excessive salinity are commonly regarded as one of the major environmental concerns in recent decades in many urban environments. Although in urban areas lichens are exposed to both salt and nitrogen stress, no studies have been conducted to date on the simultaneous impact and interaction of these factors on lichen physiology. The aim was to determine the effect of various combinations of NaCl and NH4NO3 doses on the physiology of epigeic lichen Cladonia rei. We also aimed to compare the response of lichens collected from polluted and unpolluted sites to verify whether lichens exposed to different levels of environmental stress in their native environment will react differently. The combined salt-nitrogen treatment caused significant disturbances in the integrity of cell membranes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The most detrimental effect concerned the loss of cell membrane integrity, which suggests that this parameter can serve as a relevant indicator of acute salt-nitrogen stress incidents. Salt stress decreased the photosynthetic efficiency 1 h after exposure, but after 72 h, the FV/FM returned to the level characteristic of healthy lichens in experimental groups without and with small doses of ammonium nitrate. In contrast, recovery was not possible in combination with high nitrogen doses. This indicates that exposure to short-term salt stress in a nitrogen-poor environment only causes a temporary reduction in photosynthetic efficiency, but in urban eutrophic environments may have more serious consequences. The weakened physiological condition of the mycobiont manifested by an increased level of cell membrane damage and a persistent decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency of the photobiont in lichens growing along the roads may indicate an excess of nitrogen in the environment, enhanced by the effect of salt. Lichens collected from a heavy-metal-polluted habitat responded more strongly than those from an unpolluted habitat suggesting that in lichens previously affected by certain harmful factors, exposure to another stress factor may lead to greater disturbances. This is of particular importance for lichens inhabiting the vicinity of roads, since they are also under the influence of other pollutants emitted by road traffic.
Toponyms: a neglected asset within the water framework and flood directives implementation process; the case study of Greece
Authors: Skoulikaris Charalampos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProxy data and qualitative information are important assets in water resources and floods management. In the research, the river water bodies with characteristic toponyms (hydronyms) in Greece that potentially reflect the water’s quality or the occurrence of floods are evaluated in comparison to the European Union’s (EU) Water Framework and Flood Directives implementation process outputs. For doing so, after identifying the river water bodies with characteristic toponyms which form the 10.2% of the Greek water bodies, the toponyms are cross correlated with the water bodies quality status as retrieved by the Directives’ databases to validate the existence of linkages between the names and the quality. Similarly, the significant floods, as derived from the Flood Directive, are spatially allied with the water bodies with characteristic toponyms to ground truth the connection between significant floods and water bodies whose toponyms imply flood prone areas. The research outputs indicate a high degree of correlation both in terms of water quality and floods, meaning that in almost all cases the water body toponym depicts the good or bad quality of the water body or the occurrence of flood events. Moreover, it is established that almost 90% of the water bodies with characteristic names are intermittent and ephemeral ones. The water bodies’ toponyms, hence, are proposed as an auxiliary criterion during the Directives implementation process that could foster increased water quality and flood-related knowledge, especially in intermittent and ephemeral water bodies which are generally lacking observations, and can be applied not only in all EU-Member States’ waters, but also in global scale.
The Impact of Institutional Formation on Firms’ Strategic Choices in Knowledge Development, Absorptive Capacity and Vertical Integration
Authors: Ray Pradeep Kanta , Klarin Anton , Ray Sangeeta 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study examines the impact of institutional shifts on the strategic choices of Russian firms. It proposes and tests hypotheses of how a shift from a weak to a strong institutional context is likely to affect firms’ knowledge accumulation, absorptive capacities and internalisation of operations. Using discriminant analysis, the econometric investigation demonstrates that firms tend to allocate greater resources towards improving their knowledge and absorptive capacity and make more efforts to vertically integrate—in line with improvements in the institutional environment. These investments ensure the survivability and competitiveness of firms in the long term. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the long-term strategic orientation of firms goes hand in hand with rising resource allocations by the nation-state towards economic development. The findings align with the institutionalist political economy views that institutions are the ultimate overseers that allow the market to operate efficiently, especially in emerging market environments. The paper is also instructive to other developing economies about the need to strengthen their institutional environments, which supports the long-term orientation of firms and has a positive impact on economic development. The analysis does not take into account the impact of sanctions on Russian business and economy, post the annexation of Crimea and the armed conflict with Ukraine. Nor does it consider the impact of COVID-19 on the economy. As such, the study attempts to constitute an untainted comparison of two paths of transition on Russian firms—shock therapy, vis-à-vis, an institutional political economy approach.