bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can intraoperative suturing reduce the incidence of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Miaowei , Wang Yanwen , Zhou Lingyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was to compare tonsillectomy with intraoperative suturing (TIS) and tonsillectomy without intraoperative suturing (TsIS) in preventing postoperative tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH).MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was followed. Articles compare TIS and TsIS in preventing PTH were included. The quality of eligible studies was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) by two independent investigators. Random effect models were used to determine odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs.ResultsA total of 15 studies were analyzed. The pooled results showed the PTH rate was lower in the TIS group (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47–0.88). The TIS group had a lower primary and secondary PTH rate than the TsIS group with OR values of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.30–0.64) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.54–0.90), respectively. However, suturing did not show an advantage in reducing the risk of returning to the operation room for hemostasis (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.13–2.47). Adults might benefit from the intraoperative suturing procedure (OR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.16–0.60). Patients with more than three stitches on each side had a lower PTH rate (OR: 0.44; 95% CI, 0.32–0.60). Suturing the tonsillar fossa and pillars simultaneously could reduce the PTH rate (OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.34–0.64).ConclusionsIntraoperative suturing is a good strategy for preventing PTH. More multicenter randomized controlled studies should be conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of this procedure.Level of Evidence5.
Mechanism of opioid addiction and its intervention therapy: Focusing on the reward circuitry and mu‐opioid receptor
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Jia , Song Chang‐Geng , Dai Ji‐Min , Li Ling , Yang Xiang‐Min , Chen Zhi‐Nan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOpioid abuse and addiction have become a global pandemic, posing tremendous health and social burdens. The rewarding effects and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms are the two mainstays of opioid addiction. Mu‐opioid receptors (MORs), a member of opioid receptors, play important roles in opioid addiction, mediating both the rewarding effects of opioids and opioid withdrawal syndrome (OWS). The underlying mechanism of MOR‐mediated opioid rewarding effects and withdrawal syndrome is of vital importance to understand the nature of opioid addiction and also provides theoretical basis for targeting MORs to treat drug addiction. In this review, we first briefly introduce the basic concepts of MORs, including their structure, distribution in the nervous system, endogenous ligands, and functional characteristics. We focused on the brain circuitry and molecular mechanism of MORs‐mediated opioid reward and withdrawal. The neuroanatomical and functional elements of the neural circuitry of the reward system underlying opioid addiction were thoroughly discussed, and the roles of MOR within the reward circuitry were also elaborated. Furthermore, we interrogated the roles of MORs in OWS, along with the structural basis and molecular adaptions of MORs‐mediated withdrawal syndrome. Finally, current treatment strategies for opioid addiction targeting MORs were also presented.
A 10‐Year Community‐Based Study of Leucine‐Rich Repeat Kinase 2 G2385R Carriers' Conversion to Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wang Pei , Pan Jing , Luo Qi , Chen Jie , Tang Huidong , Chen Shengdi , Ma Jianfang 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe G2385R variant of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is mainly associated with Parkinson's disease(PD) in Asian populations.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the PD conversion rate and clinical characteristics of LRRK2 G2385R nonmanifesting carriers.MethodsAll participants were from the community‐based longitudinal cohort of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. The G2385R carriers and noncarriers were screened by Sanger sequencing and received face‐to‐face interviews at baseline and follow‐up assessments. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare the conversion rate of PD. Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of G2385R variant for PD.ResultsIn the combined cohort, 26 (7.9%) people developed PD in 329 carriers versus 9 (2.6%) in 345 noncarriers (P = 0.0016). Cox regression model confirmed that the G2385R variant was a strong risk factor for PD in a Chinese population older than 50 years (hazard ratio, 3.314; 95% confidence interval, 1.551–7.078; P = 0.002). No difference was found in clinical symptoms between carriers and noncarriers.ConclusionsWe confirmed an increased conversion of PD in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 G2385R carriers during a 10‐year follow‐up. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Using Active Learning to Develop Machine Learning Models for Reaction Yield Prediction
Authors: Viet Johansson Simon , Gummesson Svensson Hampus , Bjerrum Esben , Schliep Alexander , Haghir Chehreghani Morteza , Tyrchan Christian , Engkvist Ola 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComputer aided synthesis planning, suggesting synthetic routes for molecules of interest, is a rapidly growing field. The machine learning methods used are often dependent on access to large datasets for training, but finite experimental budgets limit how much data can be obtained from experiments. This suggests the use of schemes for data collection such as active learning, which identifies the data points of highest impact for model accuracy, and which has been used in recent studies with success. However, little has been done to explore the robustness of the methods predicting reaction yield when used together with active learning to reduce the amount of experimental data needed for training. This study aims to investigate the influence of machine learning algorithms and the number of initial data points on reaction yield prediction for two public high‐throughput experimentation datasets. Our results show that active learning based on output margin reached a pre‐defined AUROC faster than random sampling on both datasets. Analysis of feature importance of the trained machine learning models suggests active learning had a larger influence on the model accuracy when only a few features were important for the model prediction.
Long noncoding RNA PVT1 accelerates the growth of placental trophoblasts in preeclampsia through the microRNA‐24‐3p/HSD11B2 axis
Authors: Wei Xiaoying , Yuan Yichong , Yang Qiong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is essential for the maintenance of normal functions of trophoblasts in preeclampsia (PE). This study aims to decipher the concrete mechanism of PVT1 with the microRNA‐24‐3p/Type‐2 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (miR‐24‐3p/HSD11B2) axis in PE. PVT1, miR‐24‐3p, and HSD11B2 expression levels in normal placental tissues and PE placental tissues were defined. HTR‐8/SVneo cells were transfected to determine the effects of PVT1, miR‐24‐3p, and HSD11B2 on the growth of HTR‐8/SVneo cells. The relationships among PVT1/miR‐24‐3p/HSD11B2 in HTR‐8/SVneo cells were identified. PVT1 and HSD11B2 were downregulated, while miR‐24‐3p was upregulated in the placenta of PE. Upregulated/downregulated PVT1 promoted/impeded the growth of human placental trophoblast (HTR‐8/SVneo) cells in PE. Restored/knocked down miR‐24‐3p impeded/enhanced the growth of HTR‐8/SVneo cells in PE. PVT1 inhibited miR‐24‐3p to mediate HSD11B2. PVT1 sponges miR‐24‐3p to regulate HSD11B2; thereby, the growth of placental trophoblasts is promoted in PE.
High‐order multigrid strategies for hybrid high‐order discretizations of elliptic equations
Authors: Di Pietro Daniele A. , Matalon Pierre , Mycek Paul , Rüde Ulrich 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study compares various multigrid strategies for the fast solution of elliptic equations discretized by the hybrid high‐order method. Combinations of ‐, ‐, and ‐coarsening strategies are considered, combined with diverse intergrid transfer operators. Comparisons are made experimentally on 2D and 3D test cases, with structured and unstructured meshes, and with nested and non‐nested hierarchies. Advantages and drawbacks of each strategy are discussed for each case to establish simplified guidelines for the optimization of the time to solution.
Effect of CNTNAP2 polymorphism on receptive language in children with autism spectrum disorder without language developmental delay
Authors: Shiota Yuka , Hirosawa Tetsu , Yoshimura Yuko , Tanaka Sanae , Hasegawa Chiaki , Iwasaki Sumie , Sano Masuhiko , An Kyung‐min , Yokoyama Shigeru , Kikuchi Mitsuru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe receptive language ability of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seems to lag behind expressive language ability. Several autism‐related genes may influence this developmental delay. Polymorphism of one such gene, namely, the contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 gene (CNTNAP2), affects receptive language in individuals with language delay. However, the association between CNTNAP2 polymorphism and receptive language in individuals with no language delay remains unclear.MethodsWe included 59 children with ASD and 57 children with typical development in this study and investigated this association using coarse‐grained exact matching.ResultsWe present the first evidence of an association between CNTNAP2 rs2710102 (A‐allele carrier) and reduced receptive language ability in children with ASD whose language development was not delayed. Similarly, among children with typical development, A‐allele carriers had lower receptive language ability, but the difference was non‐significant.ConclusionsIt is possible that the effect of rs2710102 on receptive language ability is larger in the presence of autism‐related genes. Consequently, we speculate that the effect of rs2710102 on receptive language ability would be exerted in combination with other genes. These findings provide new insights into the genetic interactions between mutations associated with common language disorders and ASD and identify molecular mechanisms and risk alleles that contribute to receptive vocabulary. These findings also provide practical guidance in terms of providing candidate genetic markers that may provide opportunities for targeted early intervention to stratify risk and improve prognosis for poor receptive language development in children with ASD.
Postchemotherapy gross residual tumor in non‐high‐risk neuroblastoma: Clinical significance and the role of adjuvant therapy
Authors: Seo Eun Seop , Lim Hana , Cho Hee Won , Ju Hee Young , Lee Ji Won , Yoo Keon Hee , Lee Sanghoon , Lim Do Hoon , Sung Ki Woong , Koo Hong Hoe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough survival rate among patients with non‐high‐risk neuroblastoma is excellent, a gross residual tumor (GRT) is often present at the end of treatment. However, reliable data do not exist on the relevance of a GRT for the risk of progression and the role of adjuvant therapy for patients with GRT.MethodsA retrospective review of 131 patients with non‐high‐risk neuroblastoma who underwent chemotherapy was performed. GRT was defined as >1 cm3residual soft tissue density on end‐of‐chemotherapy scans. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were compared between patients with GRT and those without GRT. A proportional hazards model was also used to assess the effects of GRT and adjuvant therapies, including radiation and isotretinoin therapy on outcomes.ResultsGRT was found in 52 (40%) patients in the study cohort. Correlation was not found between GRT and outcomes (PFS;p = .954, OS;p = .222). In multivariable analysis, GRT remained a nonsignificant predictor of outcome after adjusting for confounders. Local radiation and isotretinoin therapy did not affect outcome for patients with GRT. However, within GRT subgroups, the degree of volume reduction, as well as absolute residual volume in the primary tumor after induction treatment, were significantly associated with outcomes.ConclusionGRT in non‐high‐risk neuroblastoma may not indicate active disease that requires additional treatment. However, risk of progression is increased in patients with GRT whose response to treatment was less prominent, thus adjuvant therapy should be reserved only for those patients.
Enhancing structural strength and improving cell survival through Polycaprolactone/(gelatin/hydroxyapatite) Core‐Shell nanofibers for tissue engineering
Authors: Sadeghi Elham , Zebarjad Seyed Mojtaba , Khademi Farzaneh , Bagherzadeh Elham 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBone tissue engineering is a practical approach to repairing broken or damaged bones that combines scaffold, cells, and growth factors for treatment. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (Ge)/hydroxyapatite (HA) core‐shell nanocomposites have been produced by the coaxial electrospinning method. Coaxial electrospinning is an efficient method for scaffold preparation to provide an interconnected porous fibrous scaffold. The prepared nanocomposite simultaneously benefited from the good mechanical behavior of the core PCL polymer. The desired biological properties also originated from the outer layer of the Ge/HA nanocomposite. Nanofibrous scaffolds' properties were characterized using SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, tensile test, contact angle, and MTT assay. The morphology of the as‐electrospun nanofibers was investigated using SEM and TEM, which revealed a defect‐less fibrous morphology. TEM images showed the core‐shell structure of the prepared scaffold nanofibers. The contact angle test showed that the presence of HA nanoparticles has improved the wettability of fibrous composites. In addition, HA nanoparticles could effectively strengthen the polymer scaffolds. The highest UTS value of 4.1 MPa was obtained in the PCL/(Ge+10%HA) sample. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the prepared scaffolds were utterly biocompatible. Moreover, significant cell proliferation of osteosarcoma cells was observed at high HA contents. The interconnected pores allowed cells to migrate into the scaffolds and grow inside. Based on the obtained results, PCL/(Ge/ HA) core‐shell nanofibers could be a promising candidate for bone scaffolds.
Investigate of shock wave mitigation performance of nano‐carbon fillers modified epoxy composites
Authors: Ma Dong , Wang Cheng , Xu Wenlong , Jia Shiyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolymer composites are considered to be the most effective materials in mitigating shock waves. Efforts are made in this work to improve shock wave mitigation performance of polymer composites. Epoxy resin (EP) with nano‐carbon fillers, including fullerene (FL), graphene (GP), and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) were prepared through solution casting method. A variety of testing methods, including transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), shock tube test, have been introduced to investigate the reaction process, dynamic mechanical properties and shock wave mitigation performance of epoxy composites. The results shown that different nano‐carbon fillers lead to differences of spatial and reactivity in EP matrix. The addition of nano‐carbon materials is conducive to improve the shock wave mitigation ability of EP. EP with GP fillers show the best enhancement for the shock wave mitigation in shock tube test. With same addition amount of nano‐carbon fillers, shock wave peak pressure of EP with FL fillers (EP‐FL), EP with CNT fillers (EP‐CNT), and EP with GP fillers (EP‐GP) decreased by 16.5%, 29.6%, and 31.7% in comparison with EP, respectively.
Machine learning analysis of dynamic‐dependent bond formation in trajectories with consecutive transition states
Authors: Melville Jesse , Hargis Cal , Davenport Michael T. , Hamilton R. Spencer , Ess Daniel H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDynamic motion often controls selectivity in reactions featuring two consecutive potential‐energy transition states. Here we report density functional theory (DFT)‐based direct dynamics trajectories and machine learning classification analysis for cyclopentadienone dimerization and a N2 extrusion reaction leading to semibullvalene. These reactions have consecutive transition states, and there is dynamic selectivity that determines which of two possible C‐C bonds is formed after the first transition state. For cyclopentadienone dimerization with a bispericyclic first transition state, machine learning analysis using transition‐state based features provided >90% trajectory classification accuracy, but only using AdaBoost and random forest algorithms. Many other relatively sophisticated machine learning algorithms showed poor accuracy despite the obvious motion responsible for selectivity. Feature importance analysis confirmed that the sigmatropic rearrangement vibrational motion in the bispericyclic transition state provides prediction of which of the second C‐C bonds is dynamically formed. For the reaction leading to semibullvalene, machine learning analysis provides solid accuracy for classifying trajectories and predicting which C‐C bond is formed and which C‐C bond is broken immediately after N2 ejection. Like the cyclopentadienone dimerization reaction, machine learning feature importance analysis showed that the sigmatropic rearrangement vibrational motion in the N2 extrusion transition state determines which C‐C bond is formed and which is broken. Surprisingly, machine learning struggles to predict which trajectories undergo a subsequent [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement process, which isomerizes equivalent forms of semibullvalene.
Abnormal platelet aggregation in pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Handler Stephanie S. , Jin Jing , Ogawa Michelle T. , Feinstein Jeffrey A. , Lo Clara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEndogenous prostacyclin stimulates pulmonary vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. For the synthetic analog treprostinil, used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH), conflicting, anecdotal evidence exists regarding its effects on clinically relevant platelet function. This study investigated whether treprostinil therapy results in inhibition of platelet aggregation in pediatric PH patients. This is a single institution, prospective, cohort study. Pediatric patients ≤18 years of age on medical therapy for PH underwent platelet function testing by light transmission aggregometry with U‐46619—a stable analog of endoperoxide prostaglandin H2, exhibiting properties similar to thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Results were compared for those on continuous treprostinil therapy (TRE) versus those on other, non‐prostacyclin therapies (non‐TRE). Thirty‐five patients were enrolled: 18 in the TRE group and 17 in the non‐TRE group. There was no difference in platelet aggregation abnormalities between the two groups: 44% (n = 8) in the TRE group and 41% (n = 7) in the non‐TRE group were abnormal. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed no difference based on treprostinil dosing. This study demonstrated similar, moderately high rates of abnormal platelet aggregation in pediatric PH patients on continuous treprostinil therapy compared to those on other, non‐prostacyclin therapies. The high rate of abnormal platelet aggregation in the entire cohort, however, warrants follow‐up study to identify a potential inherent risk in this population.
Distributed observer based event‐triggered affine formation maneuver control for underactuated surface vessels with positive minimum inter‐event times
Authors: Zhou Bin , Huang Bing , Mao Lei , Zhu Cheng , Su Yumin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the distributed event‐triggered affine formation maneuver control problem for multiple underactuated surface vessel (USV) systems with positive minimum inter‐event times (MIET). Unlike common formation control methods that only ensure the formation system to keep a fixed geometric shape, the proposed scheme enables multiple USVs maneuver as a group in translation, shearing, rotation, or combinations of them. The proposed control strategy is composed of two parts. First, a distributed event‐triggered observer (DETO) is proposed to observe the time‐varying target formation under the lack of global leaders' information and govern the inter‐vessel communications among the formation group. Besides, the MIET of the designed communication strategy is proved to be strictly positive and computable from formation configurations and control parameters. With these guarantees, the maximum communication frequency can be known in advance. Then, upon the DETO signals, the adaptive local tracking controller is subsequently synthesized for each vessel to realize the target formation track. Rigorous theoretical analysis and simulation results are finally conducted to verify the validness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A Stereoselective, Base‐free, Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Coupling Between 3‐halo‐1,4‐Naphthoquinones and Vinyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Costa Dora C. S. , da S. M. Forezi Luana , Lessa Milena D. , Delarmelina Maicon , Matuck Beatriz V. A. , Freitas Maria Clara R. , Ferreira Vitor F. , de C. Resende Jackson A. L. , de M. Carneiro José Walkimar , de C. da Silva Fernando 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA stereoselective, base‐free Heck coupling between 1,4‐naphthoquinone and 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives was reported for the first time. This study shows that depending on the 1,4‐naphthoquinone, the use of an additional base is unnecessary to produce the naphthoquinone‐triazole conjugates. This is also the first example of a Heck coupling of these two cores without using a base as an additive. In this work, sixteen new naphthoquinone‐triazole hybrids were stereoselectively synthetized in good to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism was discussed based on DFT CAM−B3LYP calculations. The first step is the coordination of the arene to the palladium catalyst to form a palladacycle intermediate. After reorganization in this intermediate, the double bond in the arene is restored to proceed with the coupling step and formation of the C−C bond in the rate determining step. The Kozuchi‐Shaik span model was employed to rationalize substituent effects.
Microfluidic Production of Zwitterion Coating Microcapsules with Low Foreign Body Reactions for Improved Islet Transplantation
Authors: Xiao Zhisheng , Wei Ting , Ge Ruiliang , Li Qiaofeng , Liu Bo , Ji Zhaoxin , Chen Linfu , Zhu Junjie , Shen Jingjing , Liu Zhuang , Huang Yueye , Yang Yang , Chen Qian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIslet transplantation is a promising strategy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treatment, whereas implanted‐associated foreign body reaction (FBR) usually induces the necrosis of transplanted islets and leads to the failure of glycemic control. Benefiting from the excellent anti‐biofouling property of zwitterionic materials and their successful application in macroscopic implanted devices, microcapsules with zwitterionic coatings may be promising candidates for islet encapsulation. Herein, a series of zwitterion‐coated core–shell microcapsules is fabricated (including carboxybetaine methacrylate [CBMA]‐coated gelatin methacrylate [GelMA] [CBMA‐GelMA], sulfobetaine methacrylate [SBMA]‐coated GelMA [SBMA‐GelMA], and phosphorylcholine methacrylate [MPC]‐coated GelMA [MPC‐GelMA]) by one‐step photopolymerization of inner GelMA and outer zwitterionic monomers via a handmade two‐fluid microfluidic device and it is demonstrated that they can effectively prevent protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and inflammation in vitro. Interestingly, the zwitterionic microcapsules successfully resist FBR in C57BL/6 mice after intraperitoneal implantation for up to 4 months. After successfully encapsulating xenogeneic rat islets in the SBMA‐GelMA microcapsules, sustained normoglycemia is further validated in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced mice for up to 3 months. The zwitterion‐modified microcapsule using a microfluidic device may represent a platform for cell encapsulation treatment for T1DM and other hormone‐deficient diseases.