bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Journalism and Media Convergence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Representation of Corruption in Zimbabwean Online News
Authors: Mututwa Wishes Tendayi , Ufuoma Akpojivi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, which began in China’s Wuhan province in December 2019, has impacted nation states, highlighting their approaches and abilities to fight the pandemic. In Zimbabwe, attempts at fighting the pandemic have opened the floodgates for COVID-19-related corruption by “Covidpreneurs”-the politically connected and public officials. Therefore, in this chapter, we seek to examine the role of critical journalism and media convergence in exposing COVID-19-related corruption in Zimbabwe. Using qualitative content analysis on Zimlive newspaper stories culled over 1 month (1–30 June), interviews with media practitioners, and media convergence theory as a lens, this chapter critically looks at the discourses from Zimlive, and how these discourses expose corruption scandals involving COVID-19 funds. The study argues that critical journalism, taking advantage of digital technologies, was pivotal in exposing COVID-19 corruption in Zimbabwe.
From Cases to Stories to Lessons: Exploring Landscapes of Lifelong Learning across Europe
Authors: do Amaral Marcelo Parreira , Benasso Sebastiano , Neves Tiago , Bouillet Dejana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter draws together insights generated by the comparative case studies and revisits the themes dealt with in view of the theoretical framework adopted to explore landscapes of Lifelong learning across Europe. The structure of the chapter reflects the organisation of the empirical section of the volume, yielding insights on the policies analysed from the different theoretical perspectives and entry points applied for the exploration of the case studies. Finally, questions are raised as to the meaning and relevance of the discussions undertaken throughout the volume for life course research and the opportunity structures for young people in an attempt to move forward from cases to lessons.
Institutional, Economic-Material, and Discursive Opportunity Structures Influencing Support and Guidance Policies for Young People in Austria, Finland, and Scotland
Authors: Capsada-Munsech Queralt , Chan Ralph , Tikkanen Jenni , Valiente Oscar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe analyse the influence of institutional, economic-material and discursive opportunity structures on the objectives (i.e., explicit goals) and orientations (i.e., interests, ideas) of LLL policies supporting young people in their transition from education to the labour market. We focus on the influence of opportunity structures at the regional level, where these policies are enacted. Based on interviews with national and regional stakeholders, our findings show that the three types of opportunity structures influence LLL policy objectives and orientations and, subsequently, the educational and early labour market trajectories of their beneficiaries. First, we discuss how a variety of national skills formation regimes influence policy objectives at the regional level. Second, we analyse how the (mis)match between the regional supply and demand for skills brings the effectiveness of LLL policies objectives into question. Third, we discuss how the orientations of LLL policies (in)directly influence young people’s educational and employment trajectories. Our findings suggest that LLL policies targeting young adults to support them in their transition from education to employment must consider the influence of these three opportunity structures at the regional level. LLL policies might be nationally designed and promoted, but they need to consider cross-regional differences to ensure their effectiveness and suitability.
A Review of Irish National Strategy for Gender Equality in Higher Education 2010–2021
Authors: Dunne Julie , O’Reilly Ayesha , O’Donoghue Ashley , Kinahan Mary 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides a narrative of the key policies, initiatives and actions that have transformed both the landscape of gender equality in Higher Education in Ireland, and the role of gender equality in research policy and public engagement in STEM over the last decade. It aims to provide leaders committed to gender equality with examples of good practice within the EU-Irish context. The first part of the chapter focuses on the EU gender equality strategies for Higher Education. It explains the review of gender equality undertaken by the Irish Higher Education Authority (HEA), the significant findings, and the National Gender Action Plan designed to address the issues identified. It contains examples of high-level initiatives implemented to deliver on key actions. These include centres of excellence for Gender Equality, and affirmative actions taken to address imbalance at senior levels in the Irish Higher Education system. It also provides an account of Irish participation in the UK Advance Higher Education (Advance HE) gender supports including the women’s leadership programme ‘Aurora’, and the ‘Athena SWAN’ charter that provides an accreditation framework for auditing, supporting and transforming gender equality in Higher Education Institutions. For context, some examples of implementing these in an Irish Institution are provided. The chapter then reviews the gender equality strategies and policies of the main research funding organisations in Ireland, namely Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), and the Irish Research Council (IRC). It indicates how gender equality manifests in achieving gender balance in the Irish research community; and in funding applications and consequently in research design to embed the gender element. It also provides an overview of recent national studies carried out to analyse the Irish public’s perceptions and awareness of STEM in society, and factors leading to career and study choices by young Irish people. It signposts to the recent actions to address gender equality provided under SFI’s remit for public engagement in STEM.
Women Retention in STEM Higher Education: Systematic Mapping of Gender Issues
Authors: Campos Esmeralda , Garay-Rondero Claudia Lizette , Caratozzolo Patricia , Dominguez Angeles , Zavala Genaro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScience, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in Higher Education (HE) helps foster students’ motivation to continue studying and cultivates students’ regard for the role of science and technology in society. The gender gap in STEM HE can reduce through institutional efforts; however, the underrepresentation of women is prevalent. There have been efforts to research and implement strategies to increase the number of people attending STEM fields with a specific action to attract and retain women in these areas. Hence, the purpose of this research work is to carry out and show the results of a Systematic Mapping (SM) related to how HE institutions aim to address the gender gap in STEM education through research and educational innovation. The SM focused on published work from 2011 to 2021 indexed in Web of Science or Scopus. Findings show the state of knowledge for an essential topic: reducing the gender gap through guidance and retention strategies to attain completion. Furthermore, descriptive results give a general overview of the area, relevant trends, and other analytical evidence that provides an in-depth understanding of HE institutions’ needs. We conclude that the retention of women studying STEM HE has become an essential issue worldwide universities have addressed increasingly during the last decade.
Phenomenology of $$ t\overline{t}j $$ + X production at the LHC
Authors: Alioli Simone , Fuster Juan , Garzelli Maria Vittoria , Gavardi Alessandro , Irles Adrian , Melini Davide , Moch Sven-Olaf , Uwer Peter , Voß Katharina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present phenomenological results for $$ t\overline{t}j $$
t

t
¯

j
+ X production at the Large Hadron Collider, of interest for designing forthcoming experimental analyses of this process. We focus on those cases where the $$ t\overline{t}j $$
t

t
¯

j
+ X process is considered as a signal. We discuss present theoretical uncertainties and the dependence on relevant input parameters entering the computation. For the $$ \mathcal{R} $$
R
distribution, which depends on the invariant mass of the $$ t\overline{t}j $$
t

t
¯

j
-system, we present reference predictions in the on-shell, $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

and MSR top-quark mass renormalization schemes, applying the latter scheme to this process for the first time. Our conclusions are particularly interesting for those analyses aiming at extracting the top-quark mass from cross-section measurements.
1945–1964 WHO’s Right to Health?
Authors: Richards Linda M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnited States Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC) and UN agencies utilized techniques of power and negotiation to implement radiation exposure regulations. USAEC affiliated scientists’ expertise was cultivated while establishing a radiation protection regime based on classified experiments. World Health Organization (WHO) leadership sought to manifest a human right to health, including a right to protection from radiation contamination. The careers of a few technical experts and interagency UN correspondence shows how American risk models of radiation regulation traveled and ultimately inhibited WHO attempts to frame radiation as a public health threat. The USAEC and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) navigated WHO’s way of perceiving radiation with technical experts and bureaucratic and legislative means. This paper shows the underpinning at the UN of competing models of radiation regulation, one state centric and the other, an individual right to health. This narrative provides insights into the nature of the UN’s current conceptualization of radiation regulation and argues for further research into UN, radiation, and human rights history.
Einschätzungen zur Therapie der moderaten bis schweren atopischen Dermatitis mit Januskinaseinhibitoren
Authors: Lauffer Felix , Biedermann Tilo 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die atopische Dermatitis ist eine häufige chronisch entzündliche Hauterkrankung, die mit erheblichem Leidensdruck einhergeht. Januskinaseinhibitoren sind seit Kurzem für die Therapie der atopischen Dermatitis verfügbar.

Fragestellung
Es erfolgen eine Zusammenfassung der bisherigen Daten zur Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Januskinaseinhibitoren zur Therapie der atopischen Dermatitis sowie Darstellung praktischer Hinweise zum klinischen Einsatz.

Material und Methoden
Es werden eine Zusammenfassung und Bewertung der aktuell verfügbaren Datenlage gegeben.

Ergebnisse
Drei Januskinaseinhibitoren sind zur Therapie der mittelschweren bis schweren atopischen Dermatitis zugelassen: Baricitinib, Upadacitinib und Abrocitinib. In den Zulassungsstudien und ersten Real-Life-Erfahrungen wurden eine starke und schnelle Reduktion des Juckreizes und der klinischen Zeichen der atopischen Dermatitis sowie positive Effekte auf die Lebensqualität betroffener Personen demonstriert. Das aktuelle Sicherheitsprofil zeigt sich günstig, wobei jedoch Langzeitsicherheitsdaten speziell für den Einsatz bei der atopischen Dermatitis aktuell noch nicht verfügbar sind.

Schlussfolgerungen
Januskinaseinhibitoren bereichern das therapeutische Spektrum bei der Behandlung der atopischen Dermatitis. Unter Beachtung der Kontraindikationen, Nebenwirkungen und notwendigen Laboruntersuchungen stellen sie eine hocheffektive und sichere Therapieoption für betroffene Patienten dar.
Larynxorganerhalt bis zum T4‑Larynxkarzinom?
Authors: Dyckhoff Gerhard , Warta Rolf , Herold-Mende Christel , Plinkert Peter K. , Ramroth Heribert 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungKann die primäre Radiochemotherapie (pRCT) möglicherweise als alternative Standardtherapie zur totalen Laryngektomie (TL) angesehen werden? Gemäß der neuen S3-Leitlinie nehme der Patient zwar eine höhere Rückfallrate in Kauf, habe aber die Salvagechirurgie als kurative Option und insgesamt keinen Überlebensnachteil. In mehreren großen Datenbankanalysen und Fallserien findet sich für das T4-Larynxkarzinom ein signifikanter Überlebensnachteil der pRCT gegenüber der primären TL von über 30 %. Die Erfolgsrate der Salvagelaryngektomie beim T4-Karzinom liegt laut Literatur nur bei 25–50 %. Larynxorganerhaltstudien, die zur Empfehlung der pRCT als alternativer Standardtherapie führen könnten, sollten 1.) T4a-Karzinompatienten innerhalb ihrer T‑Kategorie auswerten, 2.) getrennt nach Larynx- und Hypopharynxkarzinomen, 3.) in aussagekräftiger Kollektivgröße, 4.) mit einem Nachbeobachtungszeitraum von mindestens 5 Jahren, 5.) mit onkologischen und 6.) funktionellen Outcome (Dauer von Tracheostoma u./o. PEG, Notwendigkeit und Erfolg einer Salvagelaryngektomie). 7.) Angabe des Kriteriums, das zur T4-Kategorie führte (Knorpeldurchbruch oder Art der extralaryngealen Ausbreitung), 8.) prätherapeutische Larynxfunktionalität (Tracheostoma, PEG). Eine Erfassung der genannten klinischen Daten aller T4-pRCT-Patienten in einer prospektiven beobachtenden Kohortenstudie im deutschsprachigen Raum wird vorgeschlagen. Bei Ablehnung der TL beim T4a-Karzinom sollte in ausführlichen einfühlsamen, aber instruktiven Gesprächen unterschieden werden zwischen einer primären spontanen Abneigung und der differenziert abgewogenen, definitiven Ablehnung. Nicht nur der onkologische, sondern auch der funktionell zu erwartende Outcome sollte in den Entscheidungsprozess einbezogen werden.
Adenoviral vectors for cardiovascular gene therapy applications: a clinical and industry perspective
Authors: JT Schwartze , M Havenga , WAM Bakker , AC Bradshaw , SA Nicklin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Despite the development of novel pharmacological treatments, cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality remain high indicating an unmet clinical need. Viral gene therapy enables targeted delivery of therapeutic transgenes and represents an attractive platform for tackling acquired and inherited cardiovascular diseases in the future. Current cardiovascular gene therapy trials in humans mainly focus on improving cardiac angiogenesis and function. Encouragingly, local delivery of therapeutic transgenes utilising first-generation human adenovirus serotype (HAd)-5 is safe in the short term and has shown some efficacy in drug refractory angina pectoris and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Despite this success, systemic delivery of therapeutic HAd-5 vectors targeting cardiovascular tissues and internal organs is limited by negligible gene transfer to target cells, elimination by the immune system, liver sequestration, off-target effects, and episomal degradation. To circumvent these barriers, cardiovascular gene therapy research has focused on determining the safety and efficacy of rare alternative serotypes and/or genetically engineered adenoviral capsid protein-modified vectors following local or systemic delivery. Pre-clinical studies have identified several vectors including HAd-11, HAd-35, and HAd-20–42-42 as promising platforms for local and systemic targeting of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In the past, clinical gene therapy trials were often restricted by limited scale-up capabilities of gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) and lack of regulatory guidance. However, significant improvement of industrial GTMP scale-up and purification, development of novel producer cell lines, and issuing of GTMP regulatory guidance by national regulatory health agencies have addressed many of these challenges, creating a more robust framework for future adenoviral-based cardiovascular gene therapy. In addition, this has enabled the mass roll out of adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines.

Key messages

First-generation HAd-5 vectors are widely used in cardiovascular gene therapy.

HAd-5-based gene therapy was shown to lead to cardiac angiogenesis and improved function.

Novel HAd vectors may represent promising transgene carriers for systemic delivery.

Novel methods allow industrial scale-up of rare/genetically altered Ad serotypes.

National regulatory health agencies have issued guidance on GMP for GTMPs.
Risk of incident obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with type 1 diabetes: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Alshehri Ziyad , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Adderley Nicola J. , Gokhale Krishna M. , Karamat Muhammad Ali , Ray Clare J. , Kumar Prem , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Tahrani Abd A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
People with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of developing obstructive sleep apnoea. However, it is not known whether people with type 1 diabetes are also at an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnoea. This study aimed to examine whether people with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of incident obstructive sleep apnoea compared with a matched cohort without type 1 diabetes.

Methods
We used a UK primary care database, The Health Improvement Network (THIN), to perform a retrospective cohort study between January 1995 and January 2018 comparing sleep apnoea incidence between patients with type 1 diabetes (exposed) and without type 1 diabetes (unexposed) (matched for age, sex, BMI and general practice). The outcome was incidence of obstructive sleep apnoea. Baseline covariates and characteristics were assessed at the start of the study based on the most recent value recorded prior to the index date. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios, based on a complete-case analysis.

Results
In total, 34,147 exposed and 129,500 matched unexposed patients were included. The median follow-up time was 5.43 years ((IQR 2.19–10.11), and the mean BMI was 25.82 kg/m2 (SD 4.33). The adjusted HR for incident obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with type 1 diabetes vs those without type 1 diabetes was 1.53 (95% CI 1.25, 1.86; p<0.001). Predictors of incident obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with type 1 diabetes were older age, male sex, obesity, being prescribed antihypertensive or lipid-lowering drugs, atrial fibrillation and depression.

Conclusions/interpretation
Individuals with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of obstructive sleep apnoea compared with people without diabetes. Clinicians should suspect obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with type 1 diabetes if they are old, have obesity, are male, have atrial fibrillation or depression, or if they are taking lipid-lowering or antihypertensive drugs.

Graphical abstract
Interdisziplinäre Schnittstellen bei der zweiten Leichenschau – Probleme und Optimierungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Küppers Lisa , Ritz-Timme Stefanie , Hartung Benno 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Vor Feuerbestattung, Auslandsüberführung oder Körperspende ist in fast allen deutschen Bundesländern eine zweite Leichenschau gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Deren Aufgabe ist es, unerkannte nichtnatürliche Todesfälle zu identifizieren und der Kriminalpolizei zu melden. Das Prozedere bei abklärungsbedürftigen Fällen erfolgt in 2 Schritten. Hier ergeben sich für den Arzt der Kremationsleichenschau interdisziplinäre Schnittstellen zum Arzt der ersten Leichenschau bzw. zu den Ermittlungsbehörden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Probleme an den Schnittstellen der zweiten Leichenschau sollten identifiziert und Optimierungsmöglichkeiten abgeleitet werden.

Methoden
Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Evaluation anhand von Daten aus den Jahren 2016–2019, die bei Zweifeln an einem natürlichen Tod im Rahmen der zweiten Leichenschau erhoben worden waren.

Ergebnisse
Eine Freigabe nach Rücksprache mit dem erstleichenschauenden Arzt war insbesondere bei Formfehlern sowie im Leichenschauschein nichterklärten Zeichen medizinischer Eingriffe/Verletzungen möglich. Die Obduktionsquoten waren bei an die Ermittlungsbehörden gemeldeten Fällen mit Unfall‑/Gewaltereignissen niedrig. Obduktionen wurden primär bei Fragestellungen mit medizinischem Kontext angeordnet.

Diskussion
Verzögerungen bei der zweiten Leichenschau ließen sich durch einfache Maßnahmen bei der Erstleichenschau vermeiden. Zur Vorbeugung von Konflikten an der Schnittstelle zu den Ermittlungsbehörden wären einheitliche Kriterien erstrebenswert, die eine Überprüfung der Todesart auslösen. Zu diskutieren sind auch ein Indikationskatalog für Obduktionen sowie eine Vereinheitlichung der Definition der Todesarten. Fälle mit medizinischem Kontext haben für die Ermittlungsbehörden besondere Relevanz.
Quantifying the portfolio of larval responses to salinity and temperature in a coastal-marine invertebrate: a cross population study along the European coast
Authors: Šargač Zoran , Giménez Luis , González-Ortegón Enrique , Harzsch Steffen , Tremblay Nelly , Torres Gabriela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpecies’ responses to climate change may vary considerably among populations. Various response patterns define the portfolio available for a species to cope with and mitigate effects of climate change. Here, we quantified variation in larval survival and physiological rates of Carcinus maenas among populations occurring in distant or contrasting habitats (Cádiz: Spain, Helgoland: North Sea, Kerteminde: Baltic Sea). During the reproductive season, we reared larvae of these populations, in the laboratory, under a combination of several temperatures (15–24 °C) and salinities (25 and 32.5 PSU). In survival, all three populations showed a mitigating effect of high temperatures at lower salinity, with the strongest pattern for Helgoland. However, Cádiz and Kerteminde differed from Helgoland in that a strong thermal mitigation did not occur for growth and developmental rates. For all populations, oxygen consumption rates were driven only by temperature; hence, these could not explain the growth rate depression found at lower salinity. Larvae from Cádiz, reared in seawater, showed increased survival at the highest temperature, which differs from Helgoland (no clear survival pattern), and especially Kerteminde (decreased survival at high temperature). These responses from the Cádiz population correspond with the larval and parental habitat (i.e., high salinity and temperature) and may reflect local adaptation. Overall, along the European coast, C. maenas larvae showed a diversity of responses, which may enable specific populations to tolerate warming and subsidise more vulnerable populations. In such case, C. maenas would be able to cope with climate change through a spatial portfolio effect.
Projected wave climate of Bass Strait and south-east Australia by the end of the twenty-first century
Authors: Liu Jin , Meucci Alberto , Young Ian R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA high-resolution third-generation wave model based on unstructured grids, WAVEWATCH III (WW3), was used to study the projected future wave climate of Bass Strait and south-east Australia under two different greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). The wave model, forced with winds from the Australian ACCESS-CM2 Global Climate Model, shows good agreement with coastal long-term buoy observations and an independent WW3 hindcast dataset over the historical period 1985–2014. The projected mean significant wave height ($$H_{s}$$

H
s

) for SSP5-8.5 by the end of the twenty-first century (2071–2100) shows a robust increase for the majority of the domain, but a decrease in nearshore regions, mainly due to projected decreases in local wind speed. The increase in $$H_{s}$$

H
s

for SSP1-2.6 is relatively small. Seasonal variations show that $$H_{s}$$

H
s

(SSP5-8.5) is primarily influenced by Southern Ocean swell in spring and winter and local winds prevail in summer and autumn. Hs percentiles show a stronger increase in extreme wave climate for SSP5-8.5 than for SSP1-2.6. Extreme value $$H_{s}$$

H
s

for SSP1-2.6 shows a projected decrease in western regions of the domain and an increase in the east. Extreme value $$H_{s}$$

H
s

for SSP5-8.5 shows a decrease in the nearshore areas of Victoria. This study shows that projected wave climate changes in south-east Australia may have potential implications for Tasmanian and Victorian coastline stability.