bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of cytidine diphosphocholine on oxygenation in client‐owned dogs with aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Young Anda A. , Rosas Lucia E. , Cooper Edward S. , Yaxley Page E. , Davis Ian C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundNew drugs for veterinary patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are urgently needed. Early or late postinfection treatment of influenza‐infected mice with the liponucleotide cytidine diphosphocholine (CDP‐choline) resulted in decreased hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, lung dysfunction, and inflammation without altering viral replication. These findings suggested CDP‐choline could have benefit as adjunctive treatment for ARDS in veterinary patients (VetARDS).ObjectivesDetermine if parenterally administered CDP‐choline can attenuate mild VetARDS in dogs with aspiration pneumonia.AnimalsDogs admitted to a veterinary intensive care unit (ICU) for aspiration pneumonia.MethodsSubjects were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial of treatment with vehicle (0.1 mL/kg sterile 0.9% saline, IV; n = 8) or CDP‐choline (5 mg/kg in 0.1 mL/kg 0.9% saline, IV; n = 9) q12h over the first 48 hours after ICU admission.ResultsNo significant differences in signalment or clinical findings were found between placebo‐ and CDP‐choline‐treated dogs on admission. All dogs exhibited tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hypoxemia, hypocapnia, lymphopenia, and neutrophilia. CDP‐choline administration resulted in rapid, progressive, and clinically relevant increases in oxygenation as determined by pulse oximetry and ratios of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 mmHg) to fractional inspired oxygen (% FiO2) and decreases in alveolar‐arterial (A‐a) gradients that did not occur in placebo (saline)‐treated animals. Treatment with CDP‐choline was also associated with less platelet consumption over the first 48 hours, but had no detectable detrimental effects.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCtyidine diphosphcholine acts rapidly to promote gas exchange in dogs with naturally occurring aspiration pneumonia and is a potential adjunctive treatment in VetARDS patients.
Can Sudan's Democratic Transition Be Salvaged?
Authors: Manfredi Firmian Federico , Mirghani Osman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSudan's democratic transition following the ousting of Omar Al‐Bashir in 2019 was from the start an uphill struggle. Three decades of Islamist military dictatorship, multiple internal conflicts, widespread poverty, and depleted state coffers all weighed heavily on the political authorities tasked with forging a new democratic system. Yet, there was hope in Sudan, at least for a time, particularly after the United Nations helped broker the historic 2020 Sudanese peace agreement between a coalition of rebel groups and the interim authorities. Then, between September and October 2021, Sudan's transition unraveled. Why did Sudan reach this point? And can its transition still be salvaged? This essay reviews the latest developments and argues that the October 2021 military coup was not a surprise but instead the foreseeable culmination of a power grab long in the making. The essay also lays out the steps that could improve the likelihood of a democratic transition in Sudan and offers a cautionary note about the many challenges ahead.
An Investigation into Intrinsic and Extrinsic Function in Vagrant Harmonies
Authors: NEWTON NEIL 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article I argue that vagrant harmonies have the ability to imply contexts outside of their current tonal region, which is supplied by their immediate musical surroundings. Viewing vagrants in this way enables their functionality to be compared to that of the magnetosome in saltwater bacteria. To explore harmonic function in relation to biological function, I use Larry Wright's (1973) definition of function and apply it to musical phenomena. This leads to a twofold view of harmonic function in vagrants, where it is both intrinsic and extrinsic. These concepts are then used in extracts of tonal pieces. Finally, I examine the second of Alban Berg's Four Songs, Op. 2, to show how harmonic progressions, when used in this way, can provide an exit from tonality while retaining function.
Let's talk about sex characteristics—As a risk factor for invasive fungal diseases
Authors: Egger Matthias , Hoenigl Martin , Thompson George R. , Carvalho Agostinho , Jenks Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiological sex, which comprises differences in host sex hormone homeostasis and immune responses, can have a substantial impact on the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Comprehensive data on sex distributions in invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are lacking. In this review, we performed a literature search of in vitro/animal studies, clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of invasive fungal infections. Females represented 51.2% of invasive candidiasis cases, mostly matching the proportions of females among the general population in the United States and Europe (>51%). In contrast, other IFDs were overrepresented in males, including invasive aspergillosis (51% males), mucormycosis (60%), cryptococcosis (74%), coccidioidomycosis (70%), histoplasmosis (61%) and blastomycosis (66%). Behavioural variations, as well as differences related to biological sex, may only in part explain these findings. Further investigations concerning the association between biological sex/gender and the pathogenesis of IFDs are warranted.
Complex regional pain syndrome of the knee after conventional radiofrequency ablation of the genicular nerves treated successfully with dorsal root ganglion stimulation: A case report
Authors: Belba Amy , Vanneste Thibaut , Jerjir Ali , Smeets Kristof , Van Buyten Jean‐Pierre , Bellemans Johan , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency (RF) treatment of the genicular nerves offers pain relief in patients suffering from chronic knee pain including persistent post‐surgical knee pain (PPSP). We present the first case report of the development of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in a chronic knee pain patient after an RF ablation of the genicular nerves that was successfully treated with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation.Case PresentationThe patient developed increased pain, sympathetic and dysmorphic changes of the index knee 10 weeks after RF treatment for PPSP. Diagnosis of CRPS type II was made using positive clinical findings and the Budapest diagnostic tool. Laboratory workup and PET‐CT were negative. The patient was refractory to usual care and she was treated successfully with dorsal ganglion root stimulation.ConclusionsComplex regional pain syndrome is a possible complication of RF ablation of the genicular nerves in patients with chronic knee pain, and DRG stimulation may be a treatment option. Physicians should be aware of this complication, especially when patients have a medical history of CRPS.
The developmental origins of health and chronic kidney disease: Current status and practices in Japan
Authors: Nishizaki Naoto , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe concept of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) views unfavorable perinatal circumstances as contributing to the development of diseases in later life. It is well known that such unfavorable circumstances play an important role as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in infants born with prematurity. Low birthweight (LBW) is believed to be a potential contributor to CKD in adulthood. Preterm and/or LBW infants are born with incomplete nephrogenesis. As a result, the number of nephrons is low. The poor intrauterine environment also causes epigenetic changes that adversely affect postnatal renal function. After birth, hyperfiltration of individual nephrons due to low nephron numbers causes proteinuria and secondary glomerulosclerosis. Furthermore, the risk of CKD increases as renal damage takes a second hit from exposure to nephrotoxic substances and acquired insults such as acute kidney injury after birth among infants in neonatal intensive care. Meanwhile, unfortunately, recent studies have shown that the number of nephrons in healthy Japanese individuals is approximately two‐thirds lower than that in previous reports. This means that Japanese premature infants are clearly at a high risk of developing CKD in later life. Recently, several DOHaD‐related CKD studies from Japanese researchers have been reported. Here, we summarize the relevance of CKD in conjunction with DOHaD and review recent studies that have examined the impact of the upward LBW trend in Japan on renal health.
Attention to affect 2.0: Multiple effects of emotion and attention on event‐related potentials of visual word processing in a valence‐detection task
Authors: Gibbons Henning , Kirsten Hannah , Seib‐Pfeifer Laura‐Effi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHere we continue recent work on the specific mental processes engaged in a valence‐detection task. Fifty‐seven participants responded to one predefined target level of valence (negative, neutral, or positive), and ignored the remaining two levels. This enables more precise fine‐tuning of neuronal pathways, compared to valence categorization where attention is divided between different levels of valence. Our group recently used valence detection with emotional words. Posterior P1 and N170 effects in the event‐related potential (ERP) supported the idea ofvalent word formsthat can be tuned by selective attention to valence. Here we report findings on three distinct posterior N2 components, P300, N400, and the late positive potential (LPP). Target but not nontarget words showed an arousal effect (emotional > neutral) on left‐side early posterior negativity (180–280 ms). In contrast, an arousal effect on a sharp N2 deflection in left‐minus‐right difference ERPs (230–270 ms), suggesting facilitation of lexical access for emotional words, was independent of target status. This also applied to increased medial parieto‐occipital N2 (260–300 ms) specific to negative words, indicating attentional capture. Medial‐central N400 was specifically enhanced for negativenontargetwords, further supporting attentional capture. The typical LPP arousal effect was observed, being stronger and more left‐lateralized in target words. An exploratory finding concerned a broad component‐overarching ERP valence effect (250–650 ms). Independent of target status, ERPs were more positive for positive than negative words. Combined with our previous results, data suggest multiple loci of emotion‐attention interactions in valence detection.
A call to expand disciplinary boundaries so that social scientific imagination and practice are central to quests for ‘responsible’ digital agri‐food innovation
Authors: Fielke Simon , Bronson Kelly , Carolan Michael , Eastwood Callum , Higgins Vaughan , Jakku Emma , Klerkx Laurens , Nettle Ruth , Regan Áine , Rose David C. , Townsend Leanne C. , Wolf Steven A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis editorial introduces a special issue (SI) concerning quests for responsible digital agri‐food innovation. We present our interpretations of the concepts of responsible innovation and digital agri‐food innovation and show why they can and have been productively interrelated with social science theories and methods. First, each of the articles in this SI is briefly introduced and synthesised around three themes: (1) the need for a critique of digital ‘solutionism’ in current interdisciplinary research, development and innovation settings; (2) that social science contributes value via the ideas it brings to life to challenge dominant power dynamics and (3) that social scientific imagination and practice is a valuable long‐term investment to both mitigate risk but also embrace socioenvironmental opportunities as we face ongoing sustainability crises into the future. Second, we identify future research considerations arising within the field, sitting at the intersection of social science and agricultural sociotechnical transitions. Our insights relate to challenges and opportunities to ‘do’ social science within the context of contemporary and nascent transitions such as increasing digitalisation. Researchers trained in social science theory and practice can make distinctive contributions to agri‐food innovation processes by making social stakes visible and by advancing inclusive processes of research policy and technology design.
Congruence in Proportional Representation Systems: Non‐Economic Issue Salience and Coalition Formation
Authors: Kemahlioğlu Özge , Dikici Bilgin Hasret 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to our understanding of democratic representation by analyzing government congruence – the gap between the positions of the government and the median voter – within proportional representation systems. Analyzing elections in non‐post‐communist, democratic OECD countries in the post‐war period until 2014, we argue and show that the salience of non‐economic issues such as national way of life and migration led to ideological incongruence indirectly through its effect on government formation by right‐wing political parties. We suggest that in this period right‐wing political parties that own and emphasize these issues found it easier to differentiate themselves from their ideological counterparts and join a coalition with them without being threatened by credit claiming conflicts. Since, everything else kept constant, right‐wing coalitions were then more likely to emerge when such non‐economic issues were salient in the party system, their probability to form when the median is located at the center was also higher, leading to higher levels of ideological incongruence overall.
Molecular detection and quantification of the Striga seedbank in agricultural soils
Authors: Mitiku Getahun , Rybka Dominika , Klein‐Gunnewiek Paulien , Tessema Taye , Raaijmakers Jos M. , Etalo Desalegn W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStriga hermonthica (Del.) Benth is a devastating parasitic weed in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) and its soil seedbank is the major factor contributing to its prevalence and persistence. To date, there is a little information on the Striga seedbank density in agricultural fields in SSA due to the lack of reliable detection and quantification methods. We developed a high‐throughput method that combines density‐ and size‐based separation techniques with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)‐based detection of Striga seeds in soil. The method was optimised and validated by introducing increasing numbers of Striga seeds in two physicochemically different Striga‐free agricultural soils. The results showed that as little as one seed of S. hermonthica per 150 g of soil could be detected. This technique was subsequently tested on soil samples of 48 sorghum fields from different agro‐ecological zones in Ethiopia to map the geospatial distribution of the Striga seedbank along a trajectory of more than 1500 km. Considerable variation in Striga seed densities was observed. Striga seeds were detectable in 75% of the field soils with densities up to 86 seeds per 150 g of soil. The Striga seed density in soil and the number of emerged Striga plants in the field showed a non‐linear relationship. In conclusion, the method developed allows for accurate mapping of the Striga seedbank in physicochemically diverse SSA field soils and can be used to assess the impact of management strategies on Striga seedbank dynamics.
The Effects of Material Distribution and Flow Profile on the Stability of Cantilevered Axially Functionally Graded Pipes
Authors: Dai Jiayin , Liu Yongshou , Tong Guojun , Yuan Zhe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the influences of different material distribution types and flow profiles in the cross section on dynamics of cantilevered axially functionally graded (AFG) pipe. Functionally graded material as a designable material, its appliance in structures can enhance the stability of the structure by adequately choosing the material constituents and arranging constituents' distribution. The governing equation of the pipe system is derived based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and numerically solved by the differential quadrature method (DQM). The influences of different volume fraction function and nonuniform flow velocity distribution on the natural frequencies and average critical flow velocities are discussed according to the numerical results. It can be concluded that the enhanced effect of the AFG material is mainly caused by an increment in the amount of stiffer constituent. With the same amount, pure distribution difference in exponential or power function type that brings stiffer fixed end results in slightly higher critical velocity against flutter. Ignoring the nonuniform flow velocity distribution leads to an overestimation of the pipe's stability and the overestimation is even apparent on AFG pipe. Nonuniform velocity distribution affects the stable flow velocity area and appearance of restabilizing phenomena.
Supplemental Material: Middle Miocene climate–carbon cycle dynamics: Keys for understanding future trends on a warmer Earth?
Authors: Holbourn Ann , al. et 
Published: April 2022

<p>Supplemental Text: Benthic foraminiferal stable isotope δ13C measurements at Site U1443, Supplemental Tables S1–S3, and Supplemental Figures S1–S4 </p>
Genetic origin of sporadic cases and RNA toxicity in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Authors: Deng Jianwen , Zhou Binbin , Yu Jiaxi , Han Xiaochen , Fu Jianhui , Li Xiaobin , Xie Xufang , Zhu Min , Zheng Yilei , Guo Xueyu , Li Pidong , Wang Qingqing , Liu Jing , Zhang Wei , Yuan Yun , Yao Sheng , Wang Zhaoxia , Hong Daojun 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundGGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC has been recently linked to neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) via unknown disease mechanisms. Herein, we explore the genetic origin of the sporadic cases and toxic RNA gain-of-function mechanism in NIID.MethodsMultiple genetic screenings were performed on NIID individuals and their available family members. Methylation status of blood DNA, NOTCH2NLC mRNA level from muscle biopsies and RNA foci from skin biopsies of NIID individuals or asymptomatic carriers were evaluated and compared.ResultsIn two sporadic NIID families, we identified two clinically and pathologically asymptomatic fathers carrying large GGC repeat expansion, above 300 repeats, with offspring repeat numbers of 172 and 148, respectively. Further evaluation revealed that the GGC repeat numbers in the sperm from two asymptomatic fathers were only 63 and 98, respectively. The CpG island in NOTCH2NLC of the asymptomatic carriers was hypermethylated, and accordingly, the NOTCH2NLC mRNA levels were decreased in the asymptomatic fathers. GGC repeat expansion RNA formed RNA foci and sequestered RNA binding proteins into p62 positive intranuclear inclusions in NIID individuals but not in the control or asymptomatic carrier.ConclusionOur study suggested the GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC might have a disease-causing number ranging from ~41 to ~300 repeats. The contraction of GGC repeat expansion in sperm could be a possible mechanism for the paternal-biased origin in some sporadic or recessive inherited NIID individuals. The toxic RNA gain-of-function mechanism was identified to be involved in the pathogenicity of this disease.
Transcriptome-based variant calling and aberrant mRNA discovery enhance diagnostic efficiency for neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Hong Sung Eun , Kneissl Jana , Cho Anna , Kim Man Jin , Park Soojin , Lee Jeongeun , Woo Sijae , Kim Sora , Kim Jun-Soon , Kim Soo Yeon , Jung Sungwon , Kim Jinkuk , Shin Je-Young , Chae Jong-Hee , Choi Murim 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundWhole-exome sequencing-based diagnosis of rare diseases typically yields 40%–50% of success rate. Precise diagnosis of the patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) has been hampered by locus heterogeneity or phenotypic heterogeneity. We evaluated the utility of transcriptome sequencing as an independent approach in diagnosing NMDs.MethodsThe RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of muscle tissues from 117 Korean patients with suspected Mendelian NMD was performed to evaluate the ability to detect pathogenic variants. Aberrant splicing and CNVs were inspected to identify additional causal genetic factors for NMD. Aberrant splicing events inDystrophin (DMD)were investigated by using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). A non-negative matrix factorisation analysis of the transcriptome data followed by cell type deconvolution was performed to cluster samples by expression-based signatures and identify cluster-specific gene ontologies.ResultsOur pipeline called 38.1% of pathogenic variants exclusively from the muscle transcriptomes, demonstrating a higher diagnostic rate than that achieved via exome analysis (34.9%). The discovery of variants causing aberrant splicing allowed the application of ASOs to the patient-derived cells, providing a therapeutic approach tailored to individual patients. RNA-Seq data further enabled sample clustering by distinct gene expression profiles that corresponded to clinical parameters, conferring additional advantages over exome sequencing.ConclusionThe RNA-Seq-based diagnosis of NMDs achieves an increased diagnostic rate and provided pathogenic status information, which is not easily accessible through exome analysis.
Serum neurofilament light chain levels predict long-term disability progression in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Comabella Manuel , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Carbonell-Mirabent Pere , Fissolo Nicolás , Tur Carmen , Malhotra Sunny , Pareto Deborah , Aymerich Francesc X , Río Jordi , Rovira Alex , Tintoré Mar , Montalban Xavier 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThere is a lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers for use in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). The study aimed to assess the potential of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels as biomarker of disability progression in patients with progressive MS.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational cohort study in 51 patients with progressive MS who participated in a 2-year phase II single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of interferon-beta. Mean (SD) follow-up duration was 13.9 (6.2) years. Levels of sNfL were measured using a single molecule array immunoassay at baseline, 1, 2 and 6 years. Univariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to evaluate associations between sNfL levels and disability progression at short term (2 years), medium term (6 years) and long term (at the time of the last follow-up).ResultsA sNfL cut-off value of 10.2 pg/mL at baseline discriminated between long-term progressors and non-progressors with a 75% sensitivity and 67% specificity (adjusted OR 7.8; 95% CI 1.8 to 46.4; p=0.01). Similar performance to discriminate between long-term progressors and non-progressors was observed using age/body mass index-adjusted sNfL Z-scores derived from a normative database of healthy controls. A cut-off increase of 5.1 pg/mL in sNfL levels between baseline and 6 years also discriminated between long-term progressors and non-progressors with a 71% sensitivity and 86% specificity (adjusted OR 49.4; 95% CI 4.4 to 2×103; p=0.008).ConclusionssNfL can be considered a prognostic biomarker of future long-term disability progression in patients with progressive MS. These data expand the little knowledge existing on the role of sNfL as long-term prognostic biomarker in patients with progressive MS.