Integrated Network Modelling for More Robust Production Prediction in Challenging Subsea Deepwater Development
Authors: Lajim Sayung Colinus , Foo Mei Fen , Hamza Norashikin Binti , Sahrudin M. Kamal Bin , Khalid Aizuddin Bin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
L-B is a clustered deepwater development comprising two greenfields currently approaching execution stage. The development concept is subsea umbilical, risers and flowlines (SURF) with dedicated Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) in L field and a long subsea tieback (20km) for B field. Due to this, production assurance is a major risk particularly for B field during production. To enable a holistic simulation of the production and injection system, an integrated network model (INM) is developed. This paper presents the systematic and integrated approach in developing the INM for L-B cluster, the calibration processes, and the resulting field modifications undertaken as an outcome of the model.
The INM comprises dynamic reservoir model, well model and network model coupled using an integrator software. Robustness of each standalone model were assured through stringent construction and reviews by respective disciplines. Multiple collaborative forums participated by cross-function members were held to integrate the models. Next, a custom algorithm and method were developed to address specific field controls such as staggered voidage replacement ratio and skin growth over time. Once the models were compatible, multiple scenarios identified from Concept Identification Workshop were evaluated with INM. The results were then integrated into fiscal evaluations and ultimately facilitated decision-making for L-B project.
Thorough utilization of the completed INM models generated vital data for future cluster production forecast of L and B fields:
The in-situ FPSO operating pressure was accurately simulated using INM resulting in a dynamically responsive production profile, instead of sole dependence on reservoir model which uses a static pressure set up. INM was also used to identify and mitigate potential bottleneck along production system. Preliminary artificial lift options of Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), Downhole Gaslift (DHG), Subsea Multiphase Pump (MPP) and Riser based Gaslift (RBGL) were analyzed and selectively narrowed down using INM. Outcomes of the analysis were favorable to MPP and RBGL which were then incorporated in the Concept Select scenarios. Ten scenarios with permutations on recovery method, onset of pressure booster installation, and artificial lift requirement were analyzed and decisively selected using results from INM. Study of new technology such as subsea separator was also concluded to be inapplicable in the field via INM evaluation. Finalized temperature modeling was used to cater for flow assurance constraints such as minimum Flowing Tubing Head Temperature (FTHT) requirement and generated inflow information to be incorporated into specialized Flow Assurance (FA) software.
This paper will highlight the benefits of a comprehensive integrated network model covering end-to-end operations to mitigate flow assurance risk prior to field start-up. This model will also be readily utilized during the crucial production stage for calibration with actual field data to generate reliable prediction. The long-term application of INM will give greater assurance of production attainability in the L-B clustered development.