bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of palaeogeography and tectonic events on trilobite distributions in Morocco and northwestern Algeria
Authors: Bault Valentin , Crônier Catherine , Bignon Arnaud 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effects of sea-level changes and anoxia on Devonian trilobites have been studied for a long time, but the importance of palaeogeographic and tectonic events in this key-period is still not well understood. In the Devonian Period, trilobites invaded many different marine environments and areas in North Africa where important palaeogeographic changes occurred. Distribution patterns of trilobites through time and space have been analysed using a hierarchical cluster analysis and diversity indices. Our examination of the literature suggests that trilobites were scarce during Lochkovian time before an important diversification in Pragian time. Trilobites flourished in many North African regions without there being important taxonomic differences between basins, because of free migration in relatively flat palaeo-topography and homogeneous environments. During Middle Devonian time, early Variscan tectonic movements transformed the eastern Anti-Atlas area into a basin with a platform topography. Geographical barriers such as deep basins prevented trilobite migrations. At the beginning of Eifelian time, the reduction in migration between the different regions of this area coincided with a decrease in diversity. Consequently, tectonic events played an important role in the decline of trilobites during Middle Devonian time, especially when these were combined with sea-level changes and anoxic/hypoxic events. A recovery occurred in Famennian time involving only new genera. As at the global scale, cyrtosymbolines developed in shallow seas, whereas phacopids evolved in deeper environments. The basin and platform system still hampered migrations, although sea-level variations led to episodic exchanges. The late Famennian regression reduced trilobite diversity dramatically in the study area.
Between Centralizing Orthodoxy and Local Self-Governance: Taiwanese Sinophone Socialism in Hong Kong, 1947–49
Authors: McConaghy Mark 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article examines the New Taiwan Series (NTS), a journal published between 1947 and 1948 in Hong Kong by Taiwanese socialists who fled the island following the 228 Uprising. It does so to intervene in ongoing debates in the field of Sinophone studies. While two major theorizations of the Sinophone exist—one that sees the field as a network of minoritized sites that operate against China-centrism, and the other grounding the Sinophone in a lyrical negotiation with cultural China—neither framework is sufficient for understanding the complex subject positions taken by Taiwanese socialists during these years. For the NTS, social activism was not a flattened binary of either ethnic identification with or resistance to a “China” articulated in terms devoid of political-economic analysis. Rather, politics had to dialectically integrate minoritarian aspirations (Taiwanese sovereignty) with majoritarian projects (the Chinese Revolution). The NTS thus encourages us to reimagine the Sinophone in socialist terms, where two analytical lenses—one grounded in the endogenous local and the other in the exogenous revolutionary center—are dialectically intertwined. The NTS navigated the resulting tensions of such a dialectical stance, making it a critical archive of Taiwanese socialist thought before the 1949 rupture.
Use of multiple polygenic risk scores for distinguishing schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and affective psychosis categories in a first-episode sample; the EU-GEI study
Authors: Rodriguez Victoria , Alameda Luis , Quattrone Diego , Tripoli Giada , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Spinazzola Edoardo , Trotta Giulia , Jongsma Hannah E. , Stilo Simona , La Cascia Caterina , Ferraro Laura , La Barbera Daniele , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Tarricone Ilaria , Bonora Elena , Jamain Stéphane , Selten Jean-Paul , Velthorst Eva , de Haan Lieuwe , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Arrojo Manuel , Bobes Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Arango Celso , Kirkbride James , Jones Peter B. , Rutten Bart P. , Richards Alexander , Sham Pak C. , O'Donovan Michael , Van Os Jim , Morgan Craig , Di Forti Marta , Murray Robin M. , Vassos Evangelos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and depression (D) run in families. This susceptibility is partly due to hundreds or thousands of common genetic variants, each conferring a fractional risk. The cumulative effects of the associated variants can be summarised as a polygenic risk score (PRS). Using data from the EUropean Network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) first episode case–control study, we aimed to test whether PRSs for three major psychiatric disorders (SZ, BD, D) and for intelligent quotient (IQ) as a neurodevelopmental proxy, can discriminate affective psychosis (AP) from schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (SSD).MethodsParticipants (842 cases, 1284 controls) from 16 European EU-GEI sites were successfully genotyped following standard quality control procedures. The sample was stratified based on genomic ancestry and analyses were done only on the subsample representing the European population (573 cases, 1005 controls). Using PRS for SZ, BD, D, and IQ built from the latest available summary statistics, we performed simple or multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for 10 principal components for the different clinical comparisons.ResultsIn case–control comparisons PRS-SZ, PRS-BD and PRS-D distributed differentially across psychotic subcategories. In case–case comparisons, both PRS-SZ [odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54–0.92] and PRS-D (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.06–1.61) differentiated AP from SSD; and within AP categories, only PRS-SZ differentiated BD from psychotic depression (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.23–3.74).ConclusionsCombining PRS for severe psychiatric disorders in prediction models for psychosis phenotypes can increase discriminative ability and improve our understanding of these phenotypes. Our results point towards the potential usefulness of PRSs in specific populations such as high-risk or early psychosis phases.
Occupied Istanbul as a Cominternian Hub: Sailors, Soldiers, and Post-Imperial Networks (1918–1923)
Authors: Sayım Burak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBetween 1918 and 1923, Istanbul was the capital of a defeated empire and occupied by the “interallied” forces composed of Britain, France, and Italy. Notwithstanding, or precisely due to, these conditions, it functioned as a vibrant hub of global communist militancy. This article explores the brief history of occupied Istanbul and discusses different agents and aspects of communist network-making. It underlines the agency of two neglected actors: a multinational body of communist sailors who connected Istanbul and its communists to European, Middle Eastern, and Soviet ports; and European and colonial soldiers stationed in Istanbul, who counterintuitively contributed to these connections. Finally, it shows how Istanbul, as the multiethnic and multilinguistic soon-to-be-former capital of the Ottoman Empire, provided a fertile ground for communist connections.
Caregiver–child proximity as a dimension of early experience
Authors: Barnett Whitney , Hansen Clare L. , Bailes Lauren G. , Humphreys Kathryn L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman infancy and early childhood is both a time of heightened brain plasticity and responsivity to the environment as well as a developmental period of dependency on caregivers for survival, nurturance, and stimulation. Across primate species and human evolutionary history, close contact between infants and caregivers is species-expected. As children develop, caregiver–child proximity patterns change as children become more autonomous. In addition to developmental changes, there is variation in caregiver–child proximity across cultures and families, with potential implications for child functioning. We propose that caregiver–child proximity is an important dimension for understanding early environments, given that interactions between children and their caregivers are a primary source of experience-dependent learning. We review approaches for operationalizing this construct (e.g., touch, physical distance) and highlight studies that illustrate how caregiver–child proximity can be measured. Drawing on the concepts proposed in dimensional models of adversity, we consider how caregiver–child proximity may contribute to our understanding of children’s early experiences. Finally, we discuss future directions in caregiver–child proximity research with the goal of understanding the link between early experiences and child adaptive and maladaptive functioning.
Latent classes of oppositional defiant disorder in adolescence and prediction to later psychopathology
Authors: Racz Sarah J. , McMahon Robert J. , Gudmundsen Gretchen , McCauley Elizabeth , Vander Stoep Ann 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCurrent conceptualizations of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) place the symptoms of this disorder within three separate but related dimensions (i.e., angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, vindictiveness). Variable-centered models of these dimensions have yielded discrepant findings, limiting their clinical utility. The current study utilized person-centered latent class analysis based on self and parent report of ODD symptomatology from a community-based cohort study of 521 adolescents. We tested for sex, race, and age differences in the identified classes and investigated their ability to predict later symptoms of depression and conduct disorder (CD). Diagnostic information regarding ODD, depression, and CD were collected annually from adolescents (grades 6–9; 51.9% male; 48.7% White, 28.2% Black, 18.5% Asian) and a parent. Results provided evidence for three classes of ODD (high, medium, and low endorsement of symptoms), which demonstrated important developmental differences across time. Based on self-report, Black adolescents were more likely to be in the high and medium classes, while according to parent report, White adolescents were more likely to be in the high and medium classes. Membership in the high and medium classes predicted later increases in symptoms of depression and CD, with the high class showing the greatest risk for later psychopathology.
Is More Better? Effects of Newsroom and Audience Diversity on Trait Coverage of Minority Candidates
Authors: Sui Mingxiao , Paul Newly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines how the racial composition of newsrooms and that of the news audiences influence campaign coverage of candidates. Using observational data compiled from multiple sources for analyses, our findings suggest that candidate trait coverage is influenced by what we term racial congruence at two levels. First, when the number of non-white journalists increases in newsroom, white candidates are more likely to receive positive trait coverage than non-white candidates, which is likely compounded by multiple constraints racial minority journalists face in the newsroom. This racial congruence phenomenon is also present in areas with large non-white adult populations. The larger this population, the higher is favorable news coverage for non-white candidates compared to white candidates. The race of candidates, journalists, and audiences does not have a combined effect on news coverage, indicating that the effects of more diverse newsroom members are not necessarily driven by market incentives.
Conducting Clinical Trials in Twin Populations: A Review of Design, Analysis, Recruitment and Ethical Issues for Twin-Only Trials
Authors: Yelland Lisa N. , Scurrah Katrina J. , Ferreira Paulo , Calais-Ferreira Lucas , Rankin Monica , Denton Jane , Harvey Merryl , Lee Katherine J. , Kendal Evie , Craig Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough twins often participate in medical research, few clinical trials are conducted entirely in twin populations. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the substantial benefits and address the key challenges of conducting clinical trials in twin populations, or ‘twin-only trials’. We consider the unique design, analysis, recruitment and ethical issues that arise in such trials. In particular, we describe the different approaches available for randomizing twin pairs, highlight the similarity or correlation that exists between outcomes of twins, and discuss the impact of this correlation on sample size calculations and statistical analysis methods for estimating treatment effects. We also consider the role of both monozygotic and dizygotic twins for studying variation in outcomes, the factors that may affect recruitment of twins, and the ethics of conducting trials entirely in twin populations. The advantages and disadvantages of conducting twin-only trials are also discussed. Finally, we recommend that twin-only trials should be considered more often.
Single‐ and Multi‐Pass Magnetometric Subsurface Ocean Detection and Characterization in Icy Worlds Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA): Application to Triton
Authors: Cochrane C. J. , Persinger R. R. , Vance S. D. , Midkiff E. L. , Castillo‐Rogez J. , Luspay‐Kuti A. , Liuzzo L. , Paty C. , Mitchell K. L. , Prockter L. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany moons in the solar system are thought to potentially harbor hidden oceans based on the features observed at their surfaces. However, the magnetic induction signatures measured in the vicinity of these moons provide the most compelling evidence for the presence of a subsurface ocean, specifically for the Jovian moons Europa and Callisto. Interpretation of these magnetic signatures can be challenging due to the various systematic and random sources of noise that are present in the magnetic field measurement. In this work, a novel magnetometric ocean detection methodology based on Principal Component Analysis is presented and shown to provide enhanced discrimination and geophysical characterization of ocean properties in the presence of noise and error sources. The proposed methodology is robust for a single‐encounter mission or an orbiting mission with multiple flybys. Here, it is applied to the Neptunian moon Triton as a prime example of an active, potential ocean world residing in the requisite time‐varying magnetic field environment that enables magnetic induction investigation of its interior. In addition to the usual noise sources, other confounding factors are addressed, including the presence of an intense conductive ionosphere, the small amplitude of Neptune's driving magnetic field, and the uncertainty of Neptune's magnetic phase at the time‐of‐arrival which can potentially hinder accurate ocean detection and characterization. The proposed methodology is applicable to any moon in the solar system residing in a time‐varying magnetic field environment.
Machine Learning‐Based Model for Real‐Time GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor Sensing
Authors: Zheng Yuxin , Lu Cuixian , Wu Zhilu , Liao Jianchi , Zhang Yushan , Wang Qiuyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide a promising opportunity for real‐time precipitable water vapor (PWV) sensing. However, relying on meteorological information restrains the implementation of real‐time inversion from tropospheric zenith total delays (ZTD) into PWV. In this study, a stacked machine learning model for mapping ZTD into PWV in the absence of meteorological parameters is developed. The model performance is assessed and validated with information offered by fifth generation European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5) and radiosondes. An accuracy of better than 2.5 mm is achievable for the PWV values. Compared to the physical model which applies GPT3‐derived meteorological parameters, the proposed model reveals an enhanced performance, especially in the high‐latitude regions, with improvements of 28.1% and 22.2% when validated with ERA5 and radiosondes. This model is capable of fulfilling the demands of time‐critical meteorological applications and is also promising for real‐time PWV retrieval of other techniques that own the capability to sense ZTD.
Nonlinear Responses of Droughts Over China to Volcanic Eruptions at Different Drought Phases
Authors: Chen Kefan , Ning Liang , Liu Zhengyu , Liu Jian , Yan Mi , Sun Weiyi , Yuan Linwang , Lv Guonian , Li Longhui , Jin Chunhan , Shi Zhengguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious studies show that volcanic eruptions can intensify and extend drought events triggered by internal variability over Eastern China. However, it has remained unclear whether volcanic eruptions occurring in different drought phases have different impacts. Here, based on multiple reconstructions, simulations, as well as volcanic sensitivity experiments with volcanic forcing imposed in the early and late phases of droughts, we propose a nonlinear effect of volcanic eruptions on drought events. Late‐phase volcanic eruptions exert greater impact on drought persistence and intensity while early‐phase volcanic eruptions induce modest and weaker impacts. The evolutions of drought differ substantially from the typical volcanic‐only influence or the linear combination of the drought triggered by internal variability and volcanic‐only influences, which are hypothesized to be associated with positive feedbacks of soil moisture to precipitation, as well as its interaction with the evolution of the East Asia Summer monsoon.
Ocean Response in Transient Simulations of the Last Deglaciation Dominated by Underlying Ice‐Sheet Reconstruction and Method of Meltwater Distribution
Authors: Kapsch Marie‐Luise , Mikolajewicz Uwe , Ziemen Florian , Schannwell Clemens 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe last deglaciation was characterized by drastic climate changes, most prominently melting ice sheets. Melting ice sheets have a significant impact on the atmospheric and oceanic circulation, due to changes in the topography and meltwater release into the ocean. In a set of transient simulations of the last deglaciation with the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model we explore differences in the climate response that arise from different boundary conditions and implementations suggested within the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project ‐ Phase 4 (PMIP4) deglaciation protocol. The underlying ice‐sheet reconstruction dominates the simulated deglacial millennial‐scale climate variability in terms of timing and occurrence of observed climate events. Sensitivity experiments indicate that the location and timing of meltwater release from the ice sheets into the ocean are crucial for the ocean response. The results will allow a better interpretation of inter‐model differences that arise from different implementations proposed within the PMIP4 protocol.
Syntectonic Sediment Recycling Controls Eolian Deposition in Eastern Asia Since ∼8 Ma
Authors: Lu Haijian , Malusà Marco G. , Zhang Zhiyong , Guo Licheng , Shi Xuhua , Ye Jiacan , Sang Shengping , Xiong Shangfa , Pan Jiawei , Li Haibing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlobal cooling and/or Tibetan Plateau uplift have long been regarded as the principal drivers of late Cenozoic central Asian aridification and the resulting widespread accumulation of eolian deposits in eastern Asia. However, these two factors are unable to form large source areas of fine‐grained sediments enhancing eolian deposition synchronously from northern Tibet to North Pacific. Here we provide magnetostratigraphic and detrital apatite fission‐track evidence for a major sediment recycling event in northern Tibet at ∼8 Ma, coeval with a sudden increase in eolian deposition, which we ascribe to syntectonic erosion of uplifted friable fluvio‐lacustrine sediments and selective entrainment by the westerly winds during basin deformation. Our results emphasize the importance of widespread and persistent occurrence of fine‐grained sediments along the pathway of westerlies to produce voluminous dust deposits. These findings suggest that the onset of eolian deposition may not be directly related to global cooling or uplift of mountain ranges.
Solitary Magnetic Structures Developed From Gyro‐Resonance With Solar Wind Ions at Mars and Earth
Authors: Chen Li‐Jen , Halekas Jasper , Wang Shan , DiBraccio Gina A. , Romanelli Norberto , Ng Jonathan , Russell Christopher T. , Schwartz Steven J. , Sibeck David G. , Farrell William , Pollock Craig , Gershman Daniel , Giles Barbara , Collado‐Vega Yaireska M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate solitary magnetic structures in the foreshock of Mars and Earth. The structures exhibit pulse‐like magnetic field and density enhancements along with plasma heating and local solar wind (SW) ion reflection. The structures at Mars resemble the foreshock structures developed from ultra‐low‐frequency electromagnetic waves gyro‐resonant with SW ions at Earth, and propagate toward the magnetosphere. We perform fully kinetic simulations to reproduce the solitary structures and the nonlinear evolution of ion distribution functions, illustrating their resonance with SW ions. The structures present self‐induced foreshock turbulence that can have space weather effects. Our results advance the fundamental understanding of how SW interacts with planetary magnetospheres, and have potential impact on the current picture of planet‐origin ion escape.
Transports and Pathways of the Tropical AMOC Return Flow From Argo Data and Shipboard Velocity Measurements
Authors: Tuchen Franz Philip , Brandt Peter , Lübbecke Joke F. , Hummels Rebecca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe upper‐ocean circulation of the tropical Atlantic is a complex superposition of thermohaline and wind‐driven flow components. The resulting zonally and vertically integrated upper‐ocean meridional flow is referred to as the upper branch of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)—a major component and potential tipping element of the global climate system. Here, we investigate the tropical part of the northward AMOC branch, that is, the return flow covering the upper 1,200 m, based on Argo data and repeated shipboard velocity measurements. The western boundary mean circulation at 11°S is realistically reproduced from high‐resolution Argo data showing a remarkably good representation of the volume transport of the return flow water mass layers when compared to results from direct velocity measurements along a repeated ship section. The AMOC return flow through the inner tropics (11°S–10°N) is found to be associated with a diapycnal upwelling of lower central water into the thermocline layer of ∼2 Sv. This is less than half the magnitude of previous estimates, likely due to improved horizontal resolution. The total AMOC return flow at 11°S and 10°N is derived to be similar in strength with 16–17 Sv. At 11°S, northward transport is concentrated at the western boundary, where the AMOC return flow enters the inner tropics at all vertical levels above 1,200 m. At 10°N, northward transport is observed both at the western boundary and in the interior predominantly in the surface and intermediate layer indicating recirculation and transformation of thermocline and lower central water within the inner tropics.