bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical evaluation to determine the effects of Object-orientation on the Procrustes Shape
Authors: Parthiban Mylswamy , Mahendiran Mylswamy , Chitra Sundaram , Lourdusamy Robert , Abdul Azeez Parappurath 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, clear digital images of wild flora and fauna are readily available because of which the research communities are showing interest in in-situ measurements. However, object orientation is the primary constraint in estimating size and shape. It is often sighted in fossil specimens or natural history collections that produce shape deformation and distortions from their actual size and shape. We conducted an empirical evaluation with Cardboard Model Fishes to determine the shape variations due to digitization error and object orientation. Our results show that (a) Object-orientation creates Procrustes shape variations and (b) Generalized Procrustes Superimposition (using least square fit) reduces non-shape variations and the issues of Object-orientation. In the Procrustes Generalized Least Square optimization method, the variance gets distributed across landmarks that minimize the differences due to Object-orientation up to ≤ 20° away from the image plane. These minor corrections by the Procrustes method assume significance that aids in defining filter criteria for the profitable usage of digital images with Object-orientation issues taken under field conditions and in the augmentation of digital images in Machine Learning. Our results show that transfer learning (in silico) is more efficient than Procrustes detecting subtle shape variations. Our evaluation would encourage others to derive the maximum benefits of digital images acquired from Webcam, Digital cameras, Camera traps, Unmanned Vehicles, and broader applications in e-commerce platforms.
Remanufacturing Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules – a Holistic Case Study
Authors: Bogachuk Dmitry , Windt Peter van der , Wagner Lukas , Martineau David , Narbey Stephanie , Verma Anand , Lim Jaekeun , Zouhair Salma , Kohlstädt Markus , Hinsch Andreas , Stranks Samuel , Würfel Uli , Glunz Stefan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
While perovskite photovoltaic (PV) devices are on the verge of their commercialization, promising methods to recycle or remanufacture fully-encapsulated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules are still missing. Through detailed life-cycle assessment shown in this work, we identify that the majority of the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by re-using the glass substrate and parts of the PV cells. Based on these analytical findings, we develop a novel thermally-assisted mechanochemical approach to remove the encapsulants, the electrode and the perovskite absorber, allowing to re-use most of the device constituents for remanufacturing PSCs, which recovered nearly 90% of their initial performance. This remanufacturing strategy allows to save up to 33% of the module’s global warming potential. Finally, we demonstrate that the CO2-footprint of these remanufactured devices can become less than 30g/kWh, which is the value for state-of-the-art c-Si PV modules and can even reach 15g/kWh assuming a similar lifetime
Online Learning in Medical Education: What Does the Evidence Show?
Authors: Crabtree James , Alazemi Asmaa , Howie Ellen , Alotaibi Nora , Ishak Nurul , Daly Tara 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Educational institutions, including postgraduate medical education and medical schools, are increasingly utilising online learning to aid the delivery of their curricula. The purpose of this research is to investigate articles that discuss the effectiveness and perceptions of online learning in medical education.Methods: PubMed, ERIC and Google Scholar were used as search tools in this literature review. Filter limitations including articles published from 2011 onwards and English language only were applied.Results: A total of 1281 articles were retrieved. After duplicates were removed and exclusions applied, 17 articles were selected for detailed analysis. Multiple studies supported that online learning is an effective learning tool in medical education and helps to supplement traditional face-to-face teaching.Conclusion: The most successful learning resources implemented by medical schools both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were virtual patient simulations, instructional videos and telehealth platforms. This paper also outlines a number of limitations and knowledge gaps that must be addressed so that the unique needs of medical students can be met and online learning can be considered a suitable substitute for traditional methods.
Overexpression of NCAPG in ovarian cancer is associated with ovarian cancer proliferation and apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Haiting , Zou Dan , Ni Na , Zhang Suxian , Zhang Qin , Yang Lihua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG), a member of the subunit of condensin complex, is significantly overexpressed in various cancers and involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. However, the roles of NCAPG in ovarian cancer remain unclear.
Methods
The mRNA expression, overall survival and disease-free survival of NCAPG in ovarian cancer was analysed by GEPIA and KM plotter database, the expression levels of NCAPG in OC tissues and cell lines were determined by qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. ShRNA targeting NCAPG gene (sh-NCAPG) was utilized to knockdown NCAPG expression in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. Subsequently, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell invasion assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to detect the effect of NCAPG on OC cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. Finally, Western blot assays were performed to detect the the mechanism of NCAPG in ovarian cancer.
Results
Analysis using GEPIA and KM plotter database showed NCAPG was upregulated in ovarian cancer and negatively associated with the survival of OC patients. qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed it was highly expressed in both ovarian cancer tissues and cells. The silencing of NCAPG inhibited OC cell proliferation, invasion and induced cell apoptosis. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis revealed that NCAPG knockdown arrested the cell cycle at G2 and S phase. Furthermore, we also found that downregulation of NCAPG could suppress OC cell proliferation and invasion via activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that NCAPG exhibits an important role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer and implicates NCAPG as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
Clinical and genetic analyses and treatment outcomes of patients with lateralized overgrowth
Authors: Kim Yoon-Myung , Lee Yena , Choi Yunha , Choi In-Hee , Heo Sun Hee , Choi Jung Min , Do Hyo-Sang , Jang Ja-Hyun , Yum Mi-Sun , Yoo Han-Wook , Lee Beom Hee 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The genetic features and treatment strategies of lateralized overgrowth have been elusive. We performed this study to analyze the genetic characteristics and treatment results of propranolol- or alpelisib-treated patients with lateralized overgrowth. Methods: Fifteen patients with lateralized overgrowth were involved. Clinical characteristics and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) findings were evaluated. Targeted exome sequencing with a gene panel of affected tissue and peripheral white blood cells was performed. Propranolol was administered and treatment results were evaluated. The PIK3CA inhibitor alpelisib was prescribed via a managed access program. Results: The identified mutations were PIK3CA (n=7), KRAS (n=2), PTEN (n=1), MAP2K3 (n=1), GNAQ (n=1), TBC1D4 (n=1), and TEK (n=1). Propranolol was prescribed in 12 patients, and 7 experienced mild improvement of symptoms. Alpelisib was prescribed in two patients with a PIK3CA mutation, and the reduction of proliferated masses after 1 year of treatment was proved by WB-MRI . Conclusions: Targeted exome sequencing identified various genetic features of lateralized overgrowth. Propranolol could be applied as an adjuvant therapy for reducing vascular symptoms, but a PIK3CA inhibitor would be the primary therapeutic strategy for PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome.
Cellular Damage after Prolonged Low-dose Exposure of Neonicotinoid in Rats
Authors: Naseer Rahat , Tariq Affan , Mirza Munazza Raza , Rashid Muhammad , Raza Qasim , Rajput Sajid Ali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background; Dinotefuran is a new class of neonicotinoids claimed to be harmless to mammals and humans. This claim was daunted by the documented effect of dinotefuran on honeybees and further studies were required. Aim: The study was designed to assess the capaciousness of damage caused by prolonged exposure of dinotefuran in mammals and probable strategy to neutralize its effect. Methodology: Ninety-day trial using Wistar rats (n=45) was conducted while dividing them into three groups: untreated control group, insecticide (dinotefuran) treated group, and dinotefuran treated and vitamin E supplemented group. Dinotefuran was administrated orally (LD25). Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) supplementation was given in water ad libitum. Blood sampling was done twice a month, and hematological and biochemical data were recorded. After expiry of trial period, the experimental rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. Organs (kidneys, liver, and heart) were isolated from each groups, weighed, and stored at approximately -20°C till further processing, analysis and histopathology were performed. Results: All the hematological parameters were affected significantly. Histopathology of tissues showed clear necrosis in all the tissues except kidneys. All the biomarkers of oxidative stress and comet assay demonstrated significant cell damage. All the parameters showed improvement after vitamin E supplementation but non-significantly. Significance: These findings were suggestive that even low dose persistent exposure can lead to mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in mammals and other non-target species hence revised policy guidelines and more intelligent use of these chemicals is required.
Hypothyroidism and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gluvic Zoran M. , Zafirovic Sonja S. , Obradovic Milan M. , Sudar-Milovanovic Emina M. , Rizzo Manfredi , Isenovic Esma R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Thyroid hormones (TH) have a significant impact on cellular oxidative metabolism. Besides that,
they maintain vascular homeostasis by positive effects on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Subclinical
(SCH) and clinical (CH) hypothyroidism influences target organs by changing their morphology and
function and impaired blood and oxygen supply induced by accelerated atherosclerosis. The increased risk of
acceleration and extension of atherosclerosis in patients with SCH and CH could be explained by dyslipidemia,
diastolic hypertension, increased arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and altered blood coagulation. Instability
of atherosclerotic plaque in hypothyroidism could cause excessive activity of the elements of innate
immunity, which are characterized by the significant presence of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, increased
nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) expression, and elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and
matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, with reduced interstitial collagen; all of them together creates inflammation
milieu, resulting in plaque rupture. Optimal substitution by levothyroxine (LT4) restores biochemical euthyroidism.
In postmenopausal women and elderly patients with hypothyroidism and associated vascular
comorbidity, excessive LT4 substitution could lead to atrial rhythm disorders and osteoporosis. Therefore, it is
of interest to maintain thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the reference range, thus eliminating the
deleterious effects of lower or higher TSH levels on the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes the recent
literature on subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and discusses
the effects of LT4 replacement therapy on restoring biochemical euthyroidism and atherosclerosis processes.
Manipulating Metabolic Alterations and their Consequences to Unleash the Potential of Antitumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhu Xuanyu , Zhu Longfei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Cellular metabolic reprogramming driven by oncogenic mutations is considered as a hallmark
in the development of malignant cells, and has been a focus over the past decade. A common
theme emerging from these metabolic alterations is that tumor cells can acquire necessary nutrients
from a nutrient-limited microenvironment and utilize them to sustain growth and unrestrained cellular
division. However, this significant metabolic flexibility and the hostile microenvironment caused by the
insufficient vascular exchange, depletion of nutrients, hypoxia, and accumulation of waste products, can
inhibit the metabolism and immune activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and impose barriers to
effective antitumor immunotherapies. In this perspective, we review the classical alterations in tumorigenesis-
associated metabolic reprogramming and examine the functional contribution of these aberrant
metabolisms to the establishment and maintenance of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore,
we explore the possible approaches to targeting on these metabolic pathways to achieve antitumor
immunotherapy, as well as some hypothetical or ongoing combination therapeutic strategies that
could, to a certain extent, biologically rationalize and broaden the utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Ultimately, we elucidate some dietary modifications that can limit tumor-specific nutritional requirements
and maximize the cytotoxicity of other antineoplastic drugs.
Non-Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonates Prevent Pyrophosphorylation
of Exocytosis Proteins
Authors: Sahid Muhammad N.A. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Clodronate, a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (non-NBP), is intracellularly
converted into non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs. Clodronate and its analogs impair normal cell
functions, including the exocytosis process. However, how this occurs in mast cells is still not well
characterized.

Objective:
To summarize the possible mechanisms of clodronate-mediated exocytosis inhibition in mast
cells.

Results:
Non-NBPs display several possible mechanisms of exocytosis inhibition in various cell types,
including vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) and purinergic receptor inhibition. Inhibition of purinergic
receptors has been shown in mast cells, but VNUT inhibition remains to be confirmed. Inhibition
of protein prenylation by non-NBPs has also been shown; however, direct evidence of non-NBPs in
prenylated exocytosis proteins is still contradictory. Finally, non-NBPs may inhibit mast cell exocytosis
via impairment of protein pyrophosphorylation. This mechanism is less studied, and direct evidence of
the involvement of pyrophosphorylated proteins in exocytosis is still lacking.

Conclusions:
Non-NBPs may affect mast cell exocytosis by interacting with purinergic receptors or
VNUT or by preventing post-translational modifications of exocytosis protein(s), i.e., prenylation and
pyrophosphorylation. The latter needs further investigation to provide direct evidence of a role for non-
NBPs.
Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Azidation Reaction for the Synthesis
of Xylo-azidonucleoside Analogues by Mitsunobu and Lithium Azide
Methods
Authors: Festus Sheneya , Devadas Sudheesh , Kudiliparambil Subramanian Akshaya , Kollappillil Krishnakumar S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Many therapeutically important nucleoside analogues can be synthesized from versatile
azidonucleoside intermediates. We have synthesized 3’-xylo-azidonucleoside analogues of thymidine
and 2’-deoxyadenosine via Mitsunobu-DPPA and triflate-lithium azide strategies. On comparing the
two azidation strategies on nucleoside analogues, we found that Mitsunobu-DPPA azidation is better
than triflate-lithium azide azidation in terms of yield and reaction conditions.
Great Health Benefits of Essential Oils of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium
L.): A Natural and Organic Medicine
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Natural herbal medicines may contribute to prevent and treat various diseases, and they have substantial medicinal properties.

Objective:
The goal of this manuscript is to survey natural benefits, chemical components, and medicinal values of pennyroyal.

Methods:
The goal of this manuscript was to outline the most notable advantages and pharmaceutical benefits of pennyroyal. The manuscript includes review articles, randomized control experiments, analytical studies and observations, which have been gathered from different sources such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed. A review of the literature was carried out using the keywords such as pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium L., natural products and pharmaceutical benefits.

Results:
The major pennyroyal essential oils are pulegone, menthone, isomenthone, piperitone, mentol, neo-menthol and 3-Octanol. The major health benefits of pennyroyal are antiseptic, depurative, digestive, anti-rheumatic, anti-arthritic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, stomachic, astringent, emmenagogue, decongestant and insecticide.

Conclusion:
Nutrition therapy on the basis of traditional medicinal science is definitely useful for treating common diseases. Pennyroyal has notable promising health benefits, and its phytochemical and pharmacological benefits indicate its importance in modern medicinal studies.
Comparing the Sensitivity and Specificity of Lung CT-scan with RT-PCR
for Diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Asghari Akram , Adeli Seyed-Hasan , Parham Mahmoud , Bagherzade Mohammad , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Shajari Rasoul , Tabarrai Reihane , Shakeri Masoumeh , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Jabbari Amir , Jafari Saeede , Razavinia Fatemesadat , Foroghi Ghomi Seyed Yaser , Ebrazeh Ali , Vafaeimanesh Jamshid 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The lung is one of the major organs affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Lung CT scan and RT-PCR are the most valuable diagnostic methods in the early diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Due to the possible inconsistency of the false-negative results for the RT-PCR test, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of lung CT-scan as an accurate diagnostic method of COVID-19.

Method:
In this cross-sectional study, patients suspected of COVID-19 and referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom city from February 26 to April 13, 2020, were enrolled. For a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19, chest CT scan and RT-PCR testing was performed for 644 patients, and both sensitivity and specificity of lung CT scan were evaluated.

Results:
According to the findings, and comparing to the RT-PCR test as the standard gold, sensitivity, specificity as well as, positive predictive and negative predictive values of lung CT-scan were found as follow; 94.47% (95% CI:90.73 - 97.02%), 24.71% (95% CI:20.70 - 29.07%), 40.73% (95% CI:36.58 - 44.99%), 89.08% (95% CI: 82.4 - 94.05%), respectively.

Conclusion:
According to the findings, the lung CT scan has a better diagnostic value than RT-PCR in symptomatic patients who were referred to the hospital for COVID-19 diagnosis. Performing lung CT-scan in patients with negative RT-PCR test should be assessed.
A Rare Complication of Umbilical Vein Catheterization: TPNoma: US,
X-ray, and MRI Findings
Authors: Sari Lutfullah , Oran Zeynep , Ali Gültekin Mehmet , Sharifov Rasul , Toprak Hüseyin 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Umbilical vein catheterization (UVC) is an early venous access route in newborns and is frequently used for delivering total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and medications. Vascular, hepatic parenchymal, and infectious complications of UVC can be seen rarely.

Objective:
We present preterm neonates' X-ray, US, and MRI findings with parenchymal TPN extravasation and portal vein thrombosis. Our case was the first case about MRI findings of TPNoma

Case Presentation:
A 30 week female with a birth weight of 1340 g was born via Cesarean section. Because of the diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn and prematurity, the infant was hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. On the first day of hospitalization, UVC was inserted and TPN with 20% lipid content was started. After 10 days, UVC was removed and TPN treatment was continued with a piccline catheter. Abdominal US and portal venous Doppler examination was applied to the patient whose general condition deteriorated on the 12th day. US and Doppler revealed a lesion of 17x17x18mm in size with lobulated contour, hyperechoic heterogeneous internal structure, and no central or peripheral blood supply was observed in the left lobe of the liver. Moreover, a filling defect compatible with a thrombus was observed in the proximal part of the left portal vein. An abdominal MRI was performed to characterize this liver lesion.
Axial T1 weighted and T2- weighted images showed a heterogeneous hyperintense lesion without contrast enhancement. Axial fat saturation T1-weighted and out of phase T1-weighted images showed a reduction in signal intensity.
US and MRI examinations showed that the thrombosed umbilical vein ended superior to the lesion. In the differential diagnoses, fat-containing lesions such as lipoma-teratoma and fat-containing collection secondary to extravasation of TPN treatment via UVC were thought.

Conclusion:
In the differential diagnosis of liver localized lesions in newborns, UVC-related liver injury should be considered and the localization of the catheter tip should be checked. In case of the doubt based on US and X-ray findings, presence of fat on MRI could be diagnostic. Serious complications should be avoided with catheter revision or removal.
Disseminated Cryptococcosis in Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia
Authors: Dinkar Anju , Dewangan Ankita , Singh Jitendra , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Nilesh , Kumar Kailash 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare entity grouped in non–
HIV-related syndromes. ICL is characterized by a marked low CD4 T cell count of <300 cells/mm3
with ambiguous natural history and prognosis. In addition, cryptococcal and nontuberculous mycobacterial
infections are reported as known opportunistic infections. Therefore, management turns around
vigilant follow-up and treatment of the current clinical scenario of these patients.

Case Presentation:
Here, a 55-year-old lady was referred with a history of diffuse headache and intermittent
fever for two months, projectile vomiting, and altered mental status for five days. Nonpruritic
maculopapular rashes and diffuse desquamation of the skin were noted. She had no significant
previous medical history. Based on clinical findings and investigations, she was diagnosed with ICL
having disseminated cryptococcosis. Unfortunately, the patient did not undergo specific treatment as
she was recognized late, and unfortunately, she died.

Conclusion:
It is of paramount importance to recognize the clinical entity as early as possible to start
appropriate treatment, which may positively impact the outcome. Therefore, the clinician must be
aware of disseminated cryptococcosis associated with non-HIV states.