bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Pregnancy-Related Abdominal Mass Results in Nonimmediate Changes in Postural Control: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Danna-dos-Santos Alessander , Cardoso Vinicius Saura , Magalhaes Alessandra Tanuri , Driusso Patricia , Degani Adriana Menezes 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Changes to segmental inertial properties, abdominal growth, and increased circulating relaxin are some of the numerous contributing factors to higher risks of falling during pregnancy. These factors emerge in different phases of pregnancy, have a cumulative effect, and vary across women. For these reasons, determining each factor's role in the development of higher fall risk is challenging and yet crucial in uncovering their clinical importance.

Objectives:
To investigate the independent effect of additional abdominal weight on balance control in nonpregnant women.

Study Design:
A longitudinal study.

Methods:
Ten healthy women were submitted to computerized posturography while an additional abdominal weight (7% of body mass) was applied for 24 hours. Postural behavior was recorded from 4 experimental conditions: before placement of the additional weight (Baseline), immediately after placement of the abdominal weight (T1), 24 hours after continuous application of the abdominal weight (T2), and immediately after abdominal weight removal (T3). Variables of interest were extracted from the participant's body sway dynamics and included the center of pressure (COP) migration area, range, root mean square (RMS), mean velocity, median frequency (F50), and signal sample entropy (SEnt).

Results:
At T3, significant increases were found for the COP migration area, mediolateral range, and mediolateral RMS (P values range: .005-.013). Also at T3, significant decreases were found for mediolateral F50 and SEnt (P values range: .001-.038).

Conclusion:
Modifications in balance behavior were observed when the abdominal weight was removed after 24 hours of application. Significant changes occurred in the mediolateral body sway amplitude and regularity suggesting the presence of mediolateral instability.
Recovery of Unaided Hearing After Cochlear Implantation in Patient With Bilateral Menière's Disease
Authors: Raymond Mallory , Strange Christine , Rizk Habib 
Published: July 2022

Objective
To report a novel occurrence of unaided hearing recovery after cochlear implantation in a patient with Menière's disease.

Patients
A 49-year-old woman with bilateral Menière's disease and vestibular migraine.

Intervention(s)
Cochlear implantation

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Postoperative unaided and aided pure tone thresholds and speech recognition measures.

Results
Six-month postoperative unaided hearing in the implanted ear was in the moderate sensorineural hearing loss range with a speech reception threshold of 45 dB and word recognition score of 95%, representing a significant improvement from preoperative hearing, which was in the profound sensorineural hearing loss range with an unaided speech awareness threshold of 75 dB and inability to perform speech recognition testing. Aided testing also demonstrated an expected postoperative improvement after 6 months with a CNC word and AzBio in quiet score of 96% and 93%, respectively, from 0% and 9% preoperatively.

Conclusion
Unaided hearing improvement after cochlear implantation in a patient with Menière's disease is unexpected, but possible and might lend insight into the poorly understood underlying mechanisms of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with Menière's disease.
Implementation of Interprofessional Meetings Preparing Caregivers of Patients With Brain Injury for Discharge
Authors: Lutz Andrea M. , Warehime Kathleen M. , Woods Anne B. , Ruth Lauren E. , Burnside Amy , Bell Theodore D. , Buchko Barbara L. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of Study:
Caregivers are often unprepared to care for patients discharged with brain injury. Interprofessional team meetings with the caregiver used in some specialties improve discharge planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a standardized interprofessional caregiver meeting on caregiver readiness for caregiving.

Primary Practice Setting:
The study was implemented on an eight-bed brain injury unit within a 73-bed Magnet-designated surgery and rehabilitation hospital in south central Pennsylvania.

Methodology and Sample:
This study used a pre-/post-quasi-experimental retrospective design. Caregivers of patients admitted to the brain injury unit completed the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale at admission and discharge. The intervention group received an interprofessional team meeting focused on the needs of the caregiver in preparation for caregiving within 3–4 days of admission compared with unscheduled meetings as needed.

Results:
Scores improved significantly from admission to discharge in usual care and intervention groups. Sample size was insufficient to detect differences between groups. Health care providers and caregivers expressed improvement in communication and readiness for discharge.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Early interprofessional meetings with the purpose of getting to know and understanding the needs of caregivers of patients with brain injury could guide us to better prepare the caregiver for caregiving at home. The Preparedness for Caregiving Scale can be useful to assess multiple domains of caregiving. This proactive approach may improve communication and discharge readiness for patients with brain injury.
Integrating Spiritual Care in Population Health and Care Management
Authors: Valenti-Hein Charles 
Published: July 2022

Purpose/Objectives:
The purpose of this case study is to describe the movement of spiritual care into outpatient, managed care and population health settings, as it has evolved in a major not-for-profit health care system in the United States. The objective is to begin to establish the effectiveness of integrating spiritual care as a part of the interdisciplinary team (IDT) in these contexts.

Primary Practice Setting(s):
The case study presents two practice settings: a remote patient monitoring program for patients with complex medical conditions, and integration into population health as a part of a Medicare Advantage Insurance program that is a cooperative venture between the health care system (Ascension) and an established insurance program (Centene).

Findings/Conclusions:
The cases presented suggest that the integration of spiritual care into the outpatient, managed care and population health contexts has a threefold benefit: enhancing patient care, increasing the effectiveness of the IDT, and providing for the care and support of the members of the IDTs themselves.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
The cases presented suggest inclusion of spiritual care in the care management/population health approach to patient care is viable and valuable both for the benefit of the patient and the functioning of the care team.
Hospital Case Management
Authors: McLaughlin Davis Mary , Morley Colleen 
Published: July 2022

Purpose/Objectives:
In June 2019, a Case Management Society of America (CMSA) task force published “The Practice of Hospital Case Management: A White Paper.” This was an important first step to outline the value of hospital case managers (HCMs) and to put forward recommendations for how to operationalize a major change in most hospitals for how case managers can practice.
The SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic drastically changed the practice of all interdisciplinary work within hospitals. The White Paper recommended that HCMs follow a select patient population through the hospital. Hospital case manager leaders realized that HCMs can work remotely and communicate with patients because meeting them in person was not an option. Hospital case managers are still resistant to leaving the hospital unit–based model, even after they experienced the value of this concept during the height of the pandemic.

Primary Practice Setting:
Acute care hospitals.

Findings/Conclusions:
The White Paper recommended separating HCMs from utilization management. One unintended consequence is the loss of necessary knowledge and competencies. These are related to compliance with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Conditions of Participation and regulatory mandates that can affect patient care and financial well-being. Hospital case manager leaders must stay current with these government requirements for hospitals and for all levels of care and keep the case managers informed, proficient, and fluent when coordinating the care of patients.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Hospital case manager practice is evolving; change is the single constant in health care. This review of the CMSA Hospital Case Management Whitepaper demonstrates that in just three short years, the landscape of health care can change dramatically.
Today's HCM leader must proactively address a multigenerational workforce, lack of title protection, and the COVID-19–induced “Great Resignation.” The value of the HCM has never been more apparent as during the pandemic as the need to “empty beds” is critical, and the HCM is the professional who has the skill to provide efficient and patient-centered care coordination. The HCM leader practices positive leadership techniques that benefit the leader, the HCM, and most importantly the patient.
Aligning Nursing Ethics With Critical and Open Pedagogy in Nursing Education
Authors: Petrovic Kristin , Perry Beth , Walsh Pamela 
Published: July 2022

Background:
There is a need to increase access to nursing education that is meaningful and socially just.

Purpose:
To investigate the alignment of critical and open pedagogy in nursing education with nursing principles of ethics.

Method:
Narrative thematic synthesis literature review of Canadian and American sources related to nursing education.

Results:
Thematic analysis of 29 full-text sources that align nursing ethical principles with critical and open pedagogy in nursing education.

Conclusion:
Critical and open pedagogy aligns with nursing practice ethics and facilitates meaningful and socially just nursing education experiences.
Perceptual warping exposes categorical representations for speech in human brainstem responses
Authors: Carter Jared A. , Bidelman Gavin M. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe brain transforms continuous acoustic events into discrete category representations to downsample the speech signal for our perceptual-cognitive systems. Such phonetic categories are highly malleable and heir percepts can change depending on surrounding stimulus context. Previous work suggests these acoustic-phonetic mapping and perceptual warping of speech emerge in the brain no earlier than auditory cortex. Here, we examined whether these auditory-category phenomena inherent to speech perception occur even earlier in the human brain, at the level of auditory brainstem. We recorded speech-evoked frequency following responses (FFRs) during a task designed to induce more/less warping of listeners’ perceptual categories depending on stimulus presentation order of a speech continuum (random, forward, backward directions). We used a novel clustered stimulus paradigm to rapidly record the high trial counts needed for FFRs concurrent with active behavioral tasks. We found serial stimulus order caused perceptual shifts (hysteresis) near listeners’ category boundary confirming identical speech tokens are perceived differentially depending on stimulus context. Critically, we further show neural FFRs during active (but not passive) listening are enhanced for prototypical vs. category-ambiguous tokens and are biased in the direction of listeners’ phonetic label even for acoustically-identical speech stimuli. Our data expose FFRs carry category-level information and suggest top-down processing actively shapes the neural encoding and categorization of speech at subcortical levels. These findings suggest the acoustic-phonetic mapping and perceptual warping in speech perception occur surprisingly early along the auditory neuroaxis, which might aid understanding by reducing ambiguity inherent to the speech signal.
Potential adverse effects of an educational intervention: Development of a framework
Authors: Oxman Matt , Chesire Faith Chelagat , Mugisha Michael , Ssenyonga Ronald , Ngatia Benson , Nsangi Allen , Lewin Simon , Moberg Jenny , Sewankambo Nelson , Kaseje Margaret , Melby-Lervåg Monica , Fretheim Atle , Oxman Andrew David , Rosenbaum Sarah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearchers often overlook potential adverse effects of educational and public health interventions (increases in adverse outcomes, or decreases in beneficial outcomes, attributed to the intervention). To help us identify potential adverse effects of an educational intervention intended to improve critical thinking about health choices, we developed a framework. We also did a preliminary prioritisation of outcomes in the framework for randomised trials of the intervention, and associated process evaluations.MethodsBased on relevant evidence and theory, we developed an initial framework. For feedback on the initial framework, we sent a survey to 70 external experts. We conducted a thematic analysis of the qualitative survey data. After revising the framework based on the survey findings, we interviewed teachers in the context where we are evaluating the intervention, to help identify any effects still missing from the framework, and preliminarily prioritise potential outcomes for the evaluation.ResultsWe received responses from 38 of the 70 external experts (54%), including researchers and others with a variety of expertise within health, education, and design. Overall, the responses were positive. However, they also included critical feedback that led to substantial revisions of the framework’s content and presentation. The revised framework has six categories of potential adverse effects: decision-making harms, psychological harms, equity harms, group and social harms, waste, and other harms. We interviewed three teachers, who did not suggest any missing outcomes. Based on the interview findings, we prioritised three outcomes for the evaluation of the intervention: work-related stress; wasted time or resources; and conflict, in particular between students and family.DiscussionAs far as we are aware, the framework presented in this article is the first tool of its kind in education research. The framework is a “living” tool, which can be improved upon, as well as adapted. We have used it to inform the development of interview and observation guides, and we are using it to inform the development of outcome measures. Important limitations of the framework include limits to its comprehensiveness, and the use of terminology with different meanings or interpretations depending on the context. Our approach to identifying and evaluating potential adverse effects of an educational intervention can have value to other researchers.ConclusionRigorous evaluations of potential adverse effects of educational and public health interventions can be time and resource-intensive. However, that cost might be small compared to the cost of implementing harmful interventions.
The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar
Authors: Michielsen Nathan M. , Goodman Steven M. , Soarimalala Voahangy , van der Geer Alexandra A.E. , Dávalos Liliana M. , Saville Grace I. , Upham Nathan , Valente Luis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMadagascar’s biota has suffered recent extinctions and many of its unique species are threatened. However, the severity of recent and potential extinctions in a global evolutionary context is unquantified. We compiled a phylogenetic dataset for the complete non-marine mammalian biota of Madagascar and estimated natural rates of extinction, colonization, and speciation. We measured how long it would take to restore Madagascar’s mammalian biodiversity under these rates, the “evolutionary return time” (ERT). We show the loss of currently threatened Malagasy mammal species would have a much deeper long-term impact than all the extinctions since human arrival to the island. A return from current to pre-human diversity would take 1.6 million years (Myr) for bats, and 2.9 Myr for non-volant mammals. However, if species currently classified as threatened go extinct, the ERT rises to 2.9 Myr for bats and 23 Myr for non-volant mammals. The evolutionary history currently under threat on Madagascar is much greater than on other islands, suggesting an extinction wave with deep evolutionary impact is imminent unless immediate conservation actions are taken.
Possible Functional Proximity of Various Organisms Based on Taste Receptors Genomics
Authors: Hassan Sk. Sarif , Sil Moumita , Chakraborty Subhajit , Goswami Arunava , Basu Pallab , Nawn Debaleena , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTaste is one of the essential senses in providing the organism a faithful representation of the external world. Taste perception is responsible for basic food and drink appraisal and bestows the organism with valuable discriminatory power. Umami and sweet are “good” tastes that promote consumption of nutritive food, whereas bitter and sour are “bad” tastes that alert the organism to toxins and low pH, promoting rejection of foods containing harmful substances. Not every animal has the same sense of taste as humans. Variation in the taste receptor genes contributes to inter and intra organism differences of taste (sweet/bitter) sensation and preferences. Therefore a deeper understanding was needed to comprehend taste perception by various vertebrates and accordingly elucidate a possible proximity among them. In this study, a total 20 Type-1 (sweet) and 189 Type-2 (bitter) taste receptor complete-amino acid sequences were taken from the 20 vertebrate organisms (18 mammalian, 1 aves, and 1 amphibian). Among 10 primates, 8 including humans were very close based on genomics of taste receptors and rodent organisms viz. the rat and mouse were away from them. This investigation throws light on the similitude and dissimilitude of perception of sweet and bitter taste among 20 different organisms, steered by quantitative analysis of their genomic data. Furthermore, it enlightened that ligand binding affinity of sweet/bitter taste molecules in the taste receptors of any proximal pair of organisms would be similar.
Distance-dependent distribution thresholding in probabilistic tractography
Authors: Chang Ya-Ning , Halai Ajay D. , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTractography is widely used in human studies of connectivity with respect to every brain region, function, and is explored developmentally, in adulthood, aging, and in disease. However, the core issue of how to systematically threshold, taking into account the inherent differences in connectivity values for different track lengths, and to do this in a comparable way across studies has not been solved. The study adopted Monte Carlo derived distance-dependent distributions (DDDs) to generate distance-dependent thresholds with various levels of alpha for connections of varying lengths. As a test case, we applied the DDD approach to generate a language connectome. The resulting connectome showed expected short- and long-distance structural connectivity in the close and distant regions within the language network. The finding demonstrates that the DDD approach can be used for both individual and group thresholding. Critically, it offers a standard method that can be applied to various probabilistic tracking datasets.
CTCF, BEAF-32 and CP190 are not required for the initial establishment of TADs in early Drosophila embryos, but have locus specific roles
Authors: Cavalheiro Gabriel R. , Girardot Charles , Viales Rebecca R. , Feng Songjie , Pollex Tim , Cao T. B. Ngoc , Lacour Perrine , Rabinowitz Adam , Furlong Eileen E.M. 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYThe boundaries of Topologically-Associating Domains (TADs) are delimited by insulators and active promoters, however how they are initially established during embryogenesis remains unclear. Here, we examined this during the first hours of Drosophila embryogenesis. DNA-FISH on individual embryos indicates that domains form during zygotic genome activation (ZGA), but have extensive cell-to-cell heterogeneity compared to later stages. Most newly formed boundaries are occupied by combinations of CTCF, BEAF- 32 and/or CP190. Depleting each insulator from chromatin revealed that TADs can still establish during ZGA, although with lower insulation, with particular boundaries being more sensitive. Some weakened boundaries have aberrant gene expression, however the majority of mis-expressed genes have no obvious relationship to changes in domain-boundary insulation. Deletion of an active promoter (thereby blocking transcription) at one boundary had a greater impact compared to deleting the insulator-bound region itself. These results suggest cross-talk between insulators and transcription might reinforce domain formation during embryogenesis.
Long-term Christmas Bird Counts describe Neotropical urban bird diversity
Authors: Angela Echeverry-Galvis María , Ramírez Pabla Lozano , Amaya-Espinel Juan David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA significant gap in understanding the response of biodiversity to urban areas is the lack of long-term studies. Most of the information on urban birds comes from studies carried out in the northern hemisphere, and they include data that don’t exceed three years. Although short-term studies contribute to knowledge about bird community diversity and their spatial distribution in urban areas, they could be biased towards more conspicuous and abundant species. One of the few multi-temporal datasets available for birds in urban areas is the Christmas Bird Count (CBC). Using annual CBC data available between 2001 and 2018 from 21 urban and peri-urban sample sites assessed from the main cities of Colombia, we identified and analyzed long-term trends on the cumulative diversity of bird communities as well as on their spatial distribution. We estimated comparative trends in richness, abundance, similarity, and complementarity of avifauna for each city and sample site based on their responses to urbanization and dietary guilds. We identified almost a quarter of the species registered in Colombia (464 of 1954). The representativeness of the community obtained during 18 years exceeds 84%, showing richness that ranges between 214 and 278 species in the three cities. Bird species and individuals registered showed wide variation of the sample sites. We found more dwellers, insectivorous and granivorous species in urban areas, with frugivores relegated to peri-urban sites, usually coinciding with avoider species. Natural peri-urban areas and intra-urban wetlands and urban parks were the most important refuges for birds and maintained the highest avoider and utilizer species richness. Long-term inventories are fundamental for determining consolidated bird diversity and distributional patterns. This information established a baseline for decision-making and applying recommendations that allow reconciling the growing demand for urban areas with the need to preserve the native avifauna in megadiverse Neotropical countries such as Colombia.