bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of predictive models for hospital‐acquired pressure injury using machine learning
Authors: Zhou You , Yang Xiaoxi , Ma Shuli , Yuan Yuan , Yan Mingquan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo summarize the use of machine learning (ML) for hospital‐acquired pressure injury (HAPI) prediction and to systematically assess the performance and construction process of ML models to provide references for establishing high‐quality ML predictive models.BackgroundAs an adverse event, HAPI seriously affects patient prognosis and quality of life, and causes unnecessary medical investment. At present, the performance of various scales used to predict HAPIs is still unsatisfactory. As a new statistical tool, ML has been applied to predict HAPIs. However, its performance has varied in different studies; moreover, some deficiencies in the model construction process were observed in each study.DesignSystematic review.MethodsRelevant articles published between 2010–2021 were identified in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and CINHAL databases. Study selection was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis guidelines. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool.ResultsTwenty‐three studies out of 1793 articles were considered in this systematic review. The sample size of each study ranged from 149–75353; the prevalence of pressure injuries ranged from 0.5%–49.8%. ML showed good performance for HAPI prediction. However, some deficiencies were observed in terms of data management, data pre‐processing and model validation.ConclusionsML, as a powerful decision‐making assistance tool, is helpful for the prediction of HAPIs. However, existing studies have been insufficient in terms of data management, data pre‐processing and model validation. Future studies should address these issues to establish ML models for HAPI prediction that can be widely used in clinical practice.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis review highlights that ML is helpful in predicting HAPI; however, in the process of data management, data pre‐processing and model validation, some deficiencies still need to be addressed. The ultimate goal of integrating ML into HAPI prediction is to develop a practical clinical decision‐making tool. A complete and rigorous model construction process should be followed in future studies to develop high‐quality ML models that can be applied in clinical practice.
Expedited upskilling of intermediate care nurses to provide critical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hampton Rachel , Outten Carrie E. , Street Lara , Miranda Sheila , Koirala Binu , Davidson Patricia M. , Hager David N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimDescribe the strategy, efficacy and preferred mechanisms of training used to rapidly upskill intermediate care nursing staff to provide critical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignDescriptive study.MethodsThe strategy used from March through December 2020 to upskill nurses in an intermediate care unit to administer critical care upon rapid conversion of the intermediate care unit to an intensive care unit for coronavirus disease 2019 is described. Training and education included paired staffing models, interdisciplinary education, skills days and self‐directed learning. Nurses engaged in this upskilling process were surveyed to evaluate their confidence in new critical care competencies and educational preferences.ResultsOf 38 intermediate care nurses, 35 completed training and began independent intensive care practice. Nursing confidence in critical care competencies increased steadily. Nurses demonstrated the greatest preference for peer education models, particularly those incorporating the hospital's pre‐existing medical intensive care nurses.Patient and Public ContributionsNo patient or public contributions were made to this manuscript.
Student nurses' spiritual care competence and attitude: An online survey
Authors: Guo Zhihua , Zhang Yan , Li Pan , Zhang Qianyou , Shi Chunhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess student nurses' competence and attitude toward spiritual care and analysed the associated factors.DesignCross‐sectional study using an online survey.MethodsFrom April 14 to June 14, 2018, a convenience sample of 938 student nurses were recruited from six schools of Nursing in Hunan Province, China. Data were collected by using the Chinese versions of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (C‐SCCS) and the Spiritual Care Attitude Scale (C‐SCAS).ResultsThe average total score on the C‐SCCS was 21.42 (±4.27) out of 30 and the C‐SCAS was 58.03 (±9.90) out of 75. Factors such as liking the nursing profession, attending a spiritual care course, participation in classroom learning or expert lecture, and supporting continuous and systematic training were the strongest predictors of higher spiritual care competence and attitude. A better attitude about spiritual care was a relatively moderate and significant predictor of higher spiritual care competence.
B2O3 reinforced polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyethylene glycol shape memory composites
Authors: Pekdemir Mustafa Ersin , Kök Mediha , Kanca Muhammed Sait , Özen Öner Ecem , Pekdemir Sibel , Inci Şule , Kirbağ Sevda , Tatar Beyhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, there has been a great demand for boron‐containing compounds (BCCs) with unique biological properties. The demand for the use of these compounds not alone but as additives in composite materials is increasing day by day. In this study, the effect of adding B2O3 compound to the blend of PLA and PEG polymers, which is an important biocompatible shape memory polymer, was investigated. In order to examine the effect of increasing B2O3 additive on the thermal properties of PLA‐PEG blend, it was determined by using a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and it was seen that while the melting temperature of PEG decreased, the melting temperature of PLA increased. In addition, when the thermal stability of the composites was examined, increasing of thermal stability was observed with the addition of B2O3 and a three‐step degradation occurred. It was determined that the B2O3/PLA‐PEG composite was homogeneous by taking X‐ray measurements and SEM measurements. The antimicrobial property of the PLA‐PEG blend improved with the increasing B2O3 contribution were observed from the antimicrobial activity measurements of the composite against 4 different bacteria. However, it was determined that the PLA‐PEG blend preserved its shape memory effect with increasing diboron trioxide contribution.
Crystalline aliphatic polyesters from eight‐membered cyclic (di)esters
Authors: Tang Xiaoyan , Shi Changxia , Zhang Zhen , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRing‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones or cyclic (di)esters is a powerful method to produce well‐defined, high‐molecular‐weight (bio)degradable aliphatic polyesters. While the ROP of lactones of various ring sizes has been extensively studied, the ROP of the simplest eight‐membered lactone, 7‐heptanolactone (7‐HL), has not been reported using metal‐based catalysts. Accordingly, this contribution reports the ROP of 7‐HL via metal‐catalyzed coordinative‐insertion polymerization to the corresponding high‐molecular‐weight polyester, poly(7‐hydroxyheptanoate) (P7HHp). The resulting P7HHp is a semi‐crystalline material, with a Tm of 68 °C, which is ~10 °C higher than poly(ε‐caprolactone) derived from the seven‐membered lactone. Mechanical testing showed that P7HHp is a hard and tough plastic, with elongation at break >670%. P7HHp‐based polyesters with higher Tm values have been achieved through stereoselective copolymerization of 7‐HL with an eight‐membered cyclic diester, racemic dimethyl diolide (rac‐8DLMe), known to lead to high Tm poly(3‐hydroxyburtyrate) (P3HB). Notably, catalyst's strong kinetic preference for polymerizing rac‐8DLMe over 7‐HL in the 1/1 comonomer mixture rendered the formation of di‐block copolymer P3HB‐b‐P7HHp, showing two crystalline domains with Tm1 ~ 65 °C and Tm2 ~ 160 °C. Semi‐crystalline random copolymers with Tm up to 164 °C have also been obtained by adjusting copolymerization conditions. Mechanical testing showed that P3HB‐b‐P7HHp can synergistically combine the high modulus of isotactic P3HB with the high ductility of P7HHp.
Cancer‐related fatigue: Identification of hallmarks to enable refined treatment approaches
Authors: Schmidt Martina E. , Blickle Patricia , Steindorf Karen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveRecommendations for fatigue management are commonly given in an undifferentiated manner without further evaluation of patient's specific symptomatology. Thus, we aimed to identify hallmarks of potential fatigue subgroups which might guide more refined treatment.MethodsThe FiX study assessed fatigue with the EORTC QLQ‐FA12 in patients around 2 years after cancer diagnosis (T0) including 15 different entities. After 2 years, a follow‐up survey (T1) was conducted. The analyses comprised all patients with prevalent fatigue at T0 (N = 1023). Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Ward method and including the dichotomized factors emotional distress, pain, insomnia, and obesity. Emotional distress, that is, depressive symptoms and anxiety, was assessed by the PHQ‐4. Pain and insomnia were based on the according symptom scores of the EORTC QLQ‐C30. Analysis of covariance was conducted to investigate the association of the fatigue clusters at T0 with subsequent fatigue at T1.ResultsFour hierarchical clusters were identified. The first cluster comprised patients with moderate‐to‐severe distress. The remaining fatigue cases were differentiated by obesity and then by pain. Fatigue cases without any of these three symptoms formed the last cluster. Physical, emotional and cognitive fatigue were highest in the distress cluster. Additionally, this cluster was associated with higher physical, emotional and cognitive fatigue at T1 compared to the other clusters.ConclusionsFatigue in conjunction with emotional distress had worse impact, persisted longer, and may require other treatment approaches than fatigue in patients without emotional distress. Obesity and pain may be further distinguishing hallmarks for refined fatigue management.
Correlation between urinary and serum NT‐proBNP in acute bronchiolitis: A pilot study
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Moises , Castellano‐Martínez Ana , Estalella‐Mendoza Ana , Rodríguez‐Campoy Patricia , Estepa‐Pedregosa Lorena , Calero‐Ruiz María Mercedes , Sáez‐Benito Godino Ana , Flores‐González Jose Carlos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsWe aimed to analyze the correlation of urinary with serum N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations and its association with severity in acute bronchiolitis.Material and MethodsA pilot observational study was conducted between October 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022 including acute bronchiolitis cases who attended our institution. Serum and urinary NT‐proBNP concentrations were determined using the Alere i NT‐proBNP assay in time‐matched urine and blood samples. The Mann−WhitneyUtest, Spearman's correlations, and simple linear regression were utilized to analyze the association of urine NT‐proBNP levels with serum NT‐proBNP and with variables indicative of severe bronchiolitis.ResultsSeventeen infants (median age 68 [IQR: 36−91] days) with 36 time‐matched samples were included. The urine NT‐proBNP was positively and strongly correlated with the serum NT‐proBNP concentrations (Spearman'sρ = 0.81 &R2 coefficient = 0.751;p < 0.001), and increased with higher C‐reactive protein, (p = 0.004), procalcitonin (p = 0.001), and pCO2(p = 0.029) levels. The initial urinary NT‐proBNP concentrations were higher in those infants that required ventilatory support compared with those without this outcome (1.85 [IQR: 1.16−2.44] vs. 0.63 [IQR: 0.45−0.84] pg/mg);p < 0.001); and resulted positively and strongly correlated with the duration of the ventilatory support (Spearman'sρ = 0.76;p < 0.001) and the length of stay hospitalization (Spearman'sρ = 0.84;p < 0.001).ConclusionThe urinary NT‐proBNP concentrations could be a reliable surrogate for serum NT‐proBNP levels and resulted elevated in cases of acute bronchiolitis with complicated evolution, suggesting a potential as a noninvasive tool to assess severity in this setting.
A real‐time PCR for detection of pathogens of anthracnose on Chinese fir using TaqMan probe targeting ApMat gene
Authors: He Jiao , Sun Mei‐Ling , Li De‐Wei , Zhu Li‐Hua , Ye Jian‐Ren , Huang Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthracnose is one of the most widespread and destructive diseases on Chinese fir. Colletotrichum cangyuanense, Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum siamense are the causal agents of anthracnose on Chinese fir. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of different pathogens is critical for the disease management.RESULTSPhylogenetic tree and sequence similarity analysis showed that the single‐locus ApMat provides superior phylogenetic information and is an appropriate target to distinguish C. cangyuanense, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, and C. siamense. The real‐time PCR assays with the primer sets of MQ‐F/R, 1#C‐F/R, YK‐F/R, and WZ‐F/R, and corresponding TaqMan probes of MQ‐P, 1#C‐P, YK‐P, and WZ‐P were specific for C. cangyuanense, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, and C. siamense, respectively. The sensitivity tests showed that the lowest amount of gDNA that the PCRs can detect was 1 ng of genomic DNA. The validity of the assays was confirmed by directly detecting the pathogens from both the fungal culture and infected Chinese fir.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrated the potential of the TaqMan real‐time PCR targeting the ApMat gene to provide rapid, specific, and reliable molecular detection of C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. siamense, and C. cangyuanense, respectively. The data also provided a reference solution for the identification of species within Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC), which share similar morphological characteristics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Th17/Treg balance and factors related to autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Xue Miao , Feng Junshuai , Yang Aimin , Gao Liping , Peng Xuebin , Jiang Ni , Mao Xiaorong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Th17 cells and regulatory T cells play critical roles in autoimmune hepatitis, the balance between them in acute and chronic immune hepatitis is not well‐studied. The objective of this study was to explore the role of Th17/Treg balance in autoimmune hepatitis.MethodsThirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: acute model (AC), chronic model (CC), and healthy control (HC). Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin levels were measured. Peripheral blood interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐6, IL‐10, and transforming growth factor‐β cytokine levels were also assessed. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in the Th17 cell and Treg cell frequency, and the Th17/Treg ratio was calculated.ResultsThe frequency of Th17 cells and Treg cells were both increased (p < 0.05) and the Th17/Treg ratio was higher in the AC group compared with those in the HC group (p < 0.05). Th17 cell levels were significantly lower and Treg cell levels were significantly higher in the CC group, compared with those in the AC group (p < 0.05). In addition, the Th17/Treg ratio was lower in the CC group compared with that in the HC group (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe Th17/Treg ratio was increased in the acute immune liver injury model and decreased in the chronic liver injury model. Th17/Treg imbalance may play a critical role in liver injury occurrence and development.
Effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on ovarian function in lupus mice
Authors: Meng Defang , Xie Jing , Li Hui , Tang Yu , Wei Hua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suffer from a high incidence of premature ovarian failure, which might be due to cyclophosphamide gonadal toxicity, immune abnormalities, or other reasons. This study aimed to investigate whether the transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC‐MSCs) can improve ovarian reserve function in lupus mice.MethodsWe used MRL/lpr mice to observe changes in ovarian structure and secretory function in SLE. Lupus mice and controls were injected with HUC‐MSCs at Weeks 12 and 16. We detected serum concentrations of the sex hormones estradiol (E2), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed ovarian tissue structure and enabled the counting of follicles. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) expression in ovarian tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsOvarian function in lupus mice was abnormal, as indicated by decreased serum E2 and AMH concentrations, and increased FSH concentrations. HUC‐MSC transplantation caused significant upregulation of serum E2 and AMH and downregulation of FSH (all p < 0.05). Ovarian structure improved and the follicle number increased after HUC‐MSC transplantation. Multiple infusions of HUC‐MSCs at Weeks 12 and 16 resulted in a significantly higher number of primordial follicles than infusions of HUC‐MSCs at only Week 12 (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that IGF‐1 and HGF expression increased after HUC‐MSC transplantation, but this was not significant.ConclusionsHUC‐MSCs transplantation restores disturbed hormone secretion and folliculogenesis in lupus mice. HUC‐MSC transplantation should be repeated for the best treatment effect.
Uniportal robotic‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for early‐stage lung cancer with the Da Vinci Xi: Initial experience of two cases
Authors: Vincenzi Paolo , Lo Faso Felice , Eugeni Emilio , Patriti Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques, currently considered the gold standard in the treatment of early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are mainly represented by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), both uniportal and multiportal, and by robotic‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS). While multiportal RATS has been accepted as a valid alternative to VATS, carrying the advantages of three‐dimensional high‐definition visualisation and improved maneuverability, very few reports exist in literature on the application of uniportal RATS (U‐RATS). Therefore, we describe our initial experience with this recently developed method in the treatment of early‐stage NSCLC.Materials and MethodsU‐RATS was conducted through a single 4 cm long antero‐lateral mini‐thoracotomy (ALMT) in the sixth intercostal space at the mid‐axillary line. Three 8 mm robotic trocars were positioned and connected, from back to front, to robotic arms as follows: 30° camera arm, robotic arm 2 (bipolar fenestrated grasper) and 1 (Maryland bipolar forceps). Assistant access was identified as the most anterior part of ALMT.ResultsCase 1: an 82‐year‐old woman (American Society of Anaesthesiologists [ASA III]) underwent a left S6 segmentectomy for a clinical stage IA2 NSCLC, complicated by an air leak that resolved spontaneously by postoperative day three (POD 3). Case 2: a 75‐year‐old man (ASA III) underwent an uncomplicated right lower lobectomy for a clinical stage IA3 NSCLC. Case 1 and 2 were discharged on POD 5 and 4, respectively.ConclusionsFrom what emerged in our small series, U‐RATS with the Da Vinci Xi surgical system might be considered a safe, reliable, and effective alternative to other MIS techniques. Larger prospective studies are required to validate these findings.
Promoting Energy Transfer Between Quasi‐2D Perovskite Layers Toward Highly Efficient Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liang Xiangfei , Liu Zhe , Zhang Jibin , Chen Hongting , Gu Qing , Zhang Wei , Shen Chao , Xiao Zijie , Wang Yufei , Liao Jihai , Wen Xuemiao , Xie Jianing , Yao Lijun , Cai Wanzhu , Mo Yueqi , Qing Jian , Su Shi‐Jian , Hou Lintao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough tremendous progress has recently been made in quasi‐2D perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the performance of red PeLEDs emitting at ≈650–660 nm, which have wide prospects for application in photodynamic therapy, is still limited by an inefficient energy transfer process between the quasi‐2D perovskite layers. Herein, a symmetric molecule of 3,3′‐(9H‐fluorene‐9,9‐diyl)dipropanamide (FDPA) is designed and developed with two functional acylamino groups and incorporated into the quasi‐2D perovskites as the additive for achieving high‐performance red PeLEDs. It is demonstrated that the agent can simultaneously diminish the van der Waals gaps between individual perovskite layers and passivate uncoordinated Pb2+ related defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the quasi‐2D perovskites, which truly results in an efficient energy transfer in the quasi‐2D perovskite films. Consequently, the red PeLEDs emitting at 653 nm with a peak external quantum efficiency of 18.5% and a maximum luminance of 2545 cd m−2 are achieved, which is among the best performing red quasi‐2D PeLEDs emitting at ≈650–660 nm. This work opens a way to further improve the electroluminescence performance of red PeLEDs.
Parallelization of Microfluidic Droplet Junctions for Ultraviscous Fluids
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ho , Cho YongDeok , Baek Dongjae , Rho Kyung Hun , Park Sung Hun , Lee Seungwoo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe parallelization of multiple microfluidic droplet junctions has been successfully achieved so that the production throughput of the uniform microemulsions/particles has witnessed considerable progress. However, these advancements have been observed only in the case of a low viscous fluid (viscosity of 10−2–10−3Pa s). This study designs and fabricates a microfluidic device, enabling a uniform micro‐emulsification of an ultraviscous fluid (viscosity of 3.5 Pa s) with a throughput of ≈330 000 droplets per hour. Multiple T‐junctions of a dispersed oil phase, split from a single inlet, are connected into the single post‐crossflow channel of a continuous water phase. In the proposed device, the continuous water phase undergoes a series circuit, wherein the resistances are continuously accumulated. The independent corrugations of the dispersed oil phase channel, under the theoretical guidance, compromise such increased resistances; the ratio of water to oil flow rates at each junction becomes consistent across T‐junctions. Owing to the design being based on a fully 2D interconnection, single‐step soft lithography is sufficient for developing the full device. This easy‐to‐craft architecture contrasts with the previous approach, wherein complicated 3D interconnections of the multiple junctions are involved, thereby facilitating the rapid uptake of high throughput droplet microfluidics for experts and newcomers alike.