bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment and water of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Li Ruiping , Shi Yan , Li Meng , Huang Yingping , Li Kun , Xu Tao , Liu Huigang , Xi Ying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSediment and water samples were collected from Xiangxi Bay in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China to study the spatial distribution, migration, and ecological risks of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) across four periods associated with different water levels from June 2017 to March 2018. Results showed that PAH contents ranged from 178.61 to 250.20 ng L−1 in water and from 5.26 to 1,325.25 ng g−1 in sediments, leading to a classification of moderate pollution in Xiangxi Bay relative to that in other estuarine systems. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels varied across the four stages, with the proportion of two‐, three‐, and four‐ringed PAHs increasing in water and five‐ and six‐ringed PAHs decreasing in sediment across these periods. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the amount of five‐ and six‐ringed PAHs in water was significantly and positively correlated with the amount of suspended solids (p < .05) and that three‐ringed PAHs in sediments were significantly and positively correlated with the amount of soil organic matter (p < .05). Based on fugacity fraction estimation, two‐ringed PAHs mainly diffused from sediment to water, whereas five‐ and six‐ringed PAHs mostly migrated from water to sediment across stages. Ecological risk assessment revealed that PAHs present a moderate ecological risk in Xiangxi Bay overall, with low ecological risk in the second and fourth water level stages and moderate ecological risk in the first and third stages in sediment.
Modification of Beta Zeolites and Their Application in Catalytic Oxidation of Propane
Authors: Jiang Guiyu , Yan Heng , Xu Yingjie , Cai Wuchen , Xia Hongying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, Beta zeolites are modified by liquid phase ion exchange method and high temperature roasting method to achieve the effect of catalytic degradation of propane. After modification by hydrochloric acid, nickel nitrate and zinc nitrate, the specific surface area, pore size and pore volume of Ni−Zn−H‐Beta zeolites catalyst increased, which greatly improved the catalytic degradation effect of propane. By high temperature roasting, the effect of conventional calcined catalyst is better than that of microwave calcined catalyst. When the gas composition is air and 1 % propane, the gas flow is 100 ml/min, the reaction temperature is 300 °C, the optimum preparation conditions of the catalyst are Ni: Zn=2 : 1, HCl pickling temperature is 70 °C, conventional roasting temperature is 500 °C, and the holding time is 60 min, the catalytic activity of Ni−Zn−H‐Beta zeolites is the best, and the degradation rate of propane is 79.6 %.
Heterocyclic Surfactants and Their Applications in Cosmetics
Authors: Guin Mridula , Roopa R. A. , Jain Preeti , Singh Nakshatra Bahadur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSurfactants are compounds with unique properties such as low toxicity, functionality under extreme conditions, and biologically degradable nature. The diversity of these molecules supports their potential application in the formulation of cosmetic products. Various functional properties of surfactants e. g. cleansing, foaming, solubilizing, wetting, emulsifying, thickening, antimicrobial effects etc are utilized for preparing beautifying agents for skin, hair, nail and other body parts. Presence of heterocyclic moieties is ubiquitous in therapeutic and pharmaceutical compounds. The biological activity of these heterocyclic skeletons is also helpful in cosmetic formulation. The present article discusses about various surface active compounds based on heterocyclic moieties for their possible application in cosmetic technology. The types and properties of surfactants that are commonly used for the preparation of cosmetic products have been discussed.
Catalytic Activity of CuFe2O4 Spinel Oxide for Liquid‐Phase Oxidation of Cinnamyl Alcohol
Authors: Dange Rutvija M. , Niphadkar Prashant S. , Bokade Vijay V. , Nandanwar Sachin U. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCuFe2O4 spinel oxide catalyst was synthesized by sol–gel and co‐precipitation methods for liquid phase oxidation of Cinnamyl alcohol (CnOH) to Cinnamaldehydes (CnHO) using tert‐Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidising agent. Spinel oxide catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption‐desorption, BET surface area, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to understand the structural, physical properties and oxidation state of the catalyst. The result shows that catalyst prepared by sol‐gel method was found higher surface area and smaller crystalline size than co‐precipitation method. XPS data confirm the formation of Cu2+ in the spinel which helps to improve the catalytic activity of oxidation. This reaction follows radical mechanism, and exhibited 76.7 % of CnOH conversion and 68.4 % of CnHO, and 24.8 % benzaldehyde (benzald) selectivity using TBHP at 60 °C. Kinetic data reveal that 41.2 kJ/mol of activation energy for the reaction. The higher activity of spinel oxide catalyst could be due synergetic effect of spinel (88 %) and oxides (12 %) formed in the catalyst, which helps to provide the oxygen during reaction. The contribution of Cu2+ is higher in sol‐gel than co‐precipitation, which may provide the better reactivity of catalyst. This work helps to select the effective and cost‐effective catalyst for the oxidation of CnOH.
Categories and narratives as sources of distinctiveness: Cultural entrepreneurship within and across categories
Authors: Taeuscher Karl , Zhao Eric Yanfei , Lounsbury Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryCultural entrepreneurship theory suggests that entrepreneurial narratives need to be optimally distinctive—neither portraying an offering as too similar to nor too distinctive from the conventions of its product category—for attracting superior demand. Building on and extending this literature, we propose that the benefits and downsides of a distinctive narrative fundamentally depend on a category's distinctiveness vis‐à‐vis alternative categories because distinctive categories (a) provide an important source of differentiation for their members and (b) disproportionally attract those audience members that highly value novelty. Our longitudinal study of 159,343 Airbnb listings in 45 categories strongly supports our hypotheses: the relationship between Airbnb listings' narrative distinctiveness and demand‐side performance flips from an inverted U‐shaped curve in indistinctive categories to a U‐shaped curve in distinctive categories.Managerial SummaryEntrepreneurs need to craft a compelling narrative around their offering to legitimate and differentiate it from competing offerings. In this article, we explore when and why entrepreneurs should craft narratives that portray their offerings as similar, moderately distinctive, or highly distinctive from other offerings. We study this question in the context of the Airbnb marketplace, in which Airbnb hosts compete with their respective accommodation listings. Our study shows that Airbnb listings in indistinctive categories attract most demand when their narratives portray them as moderately distinctive. In contrast, Airbnb listings in distinctive categories attract the most demand when their narratives portray them as either highly similar or highly distinctive from other listings in their category
Facile Synthesis of Highly Dispersed and Well‐Alloyed Bimetallic Nanoparticles on Oxide Support
Authors: Qiu Yu‐Ping , Shi Qing , Wang Wei‐Zhen , Xia Su‐Hong , Dai Hao , Yin Hui , Yang Zhi‐Qing , Wang Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSupported alloy catalysts play a pivotal role in many heterogeneous catalytic processes of socioeconomic and environmental importance. But the controlled synthesis of supported alloy nanoparticles with consistent composition and tight size distribution remains a challenging issue. Herein, a simple yet effective method for preparation of highly dispersed, homogeneously alloyed bimetallic nanoparticles on oxide supports is reported. This method is based on solid solution of metal cations in parent oxide and strong electrostatic adsorption of a secondary metal species onto the oxide surface. In the reductive annealing process, hydrogen spillover occurs from the surface metal with a higher reduction potential to the solute metal in solid solution, leading to metal exsolution and homogenous alloying of the metals on the oxide surface. The ceria‐supported Ni–Pt alloy is chosen as a model catalyst and hydrazine monohydrate decomposition is chosen as a probe reaction to demonstrate this method, and particularly its advantages over the conventional impregnation and galvanic replacement methods. A systematic application of this method using different oxides and base‐noble metal pairs further elucidates its applicability and generality.
Effect of different nanosized limestone formations on fiber‐matrix interface properties of engineered cementitious composites
Authors: Demirhan Serhat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEight different ECC mixtures were produced by the utilization of three types of nanosized limestone formations as uncoated nanosized calcite (UNC), nano‐CaCO3 (NCC), and coated nanosized calcite (CNC) and also two aggregate to binder volume fractions (A/B) of 0.36 and 0.45. Mechanical properties in terms of compressive strength and flexural characteristics (flexural strength, mid‐span beam deflection, and flexural toughness) were investigated at the curing ages of 7, 28, and 90 days. It was revealed that ECC mixtures modified by nanomaterials exhibited better mechanical and flexural properties regardless of curing age and type of nanosized limestone formation. ECC mixtures modified by UNC showed better contributions. Both parameters, namely curing ECC samples in air conditions and utilization of low water to binder ratio in the production of ECC mixtures, were seen as key‐determinant factors through reported results. Thus, these two variables drive the nanosized limestone formations to behave mainly as a filler material instead of exhibiting the expected mechanism.
Differences in hormone levels around parturition in Hanwoo cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) following artificial insemination and embryo transfer
Authors: Yi Junkoo , Yum Soo‐Young , Kim Daehyun , Han Sera , Ha Jaejung , Kim Jisu , Jung Daejin , Jang Goo , Lee Wonyou , Moon Joonho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith unique genetic traits, Hanwoo cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) are well‐adapted to the Korean environment. However, their perinatal mortality rate is 2%–3%, which imposes an economic burden.ObjectiveDue to insufficient data on hormonal changes around parturition, the timing of parturition is often predicted subjectively; few studies have examined hormones in Hanwoo cattle. We measured the changes in various hormones around parturition, to seek an objective predictor of parturition time.MethodsIn 14 female Hanwoo cattle, we measured progesterone, prolactin and cortisol concentrations daily in jugular vein blood samples, beginning 6 days before parturition until 7 days after parturition. Conception was induced in five animals using artificial insemination. Nine animals received embryo transfer.ResultsDuring parturition, the concentration of progesterone decreased significantly in the embryo transfer group (n = 9) and in the total population (n = 14); it did not change significantly in the artificial insemination group (n = 5). Prolactin concentration increased on the day of parturition but did not differ significantly among the groups. Cortisol remained constant throughout the study course.ConclusionWe concluded that parturition time can be predicted in Hanwoo cattle using progesterone concentration. This knowledge can reduce perinatal mortality, which would help to improve farm income and animal welfare.
Parton distribution function for topological charge at one loop
Authors: Radyushkin Anatoly , Zhao Shuai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present results for the gg-part of the one-loop corrections to the recently introduced “topological charge” GPD $$ \overset{\sim }{F} $$

F
~

(x, q2). In particular, we give expression for its evolution kernel. To enforce strict compliance with the gauge invariance requirements, we have used on-shell states for external gluons, and have obtained identical results both in Feynman and light-cone gauges. No “zero mode” δ(x) terms were found for the twist-4 gluon GPD $$ \overset{\sim }{F} $$

F
~

(x, q2).
New physics in s → d semileptonic transitions: rare hyperon vs. kaon decays
Authors: Geng Li-Sheng , Camalich Jorge Martin , Shi Rui-Xiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the potential of rare hyperon decays to probe the short distance structure in the $$ s\to dv\overline{v} $$
s
→
dv

v
¯

and s → dℓ+ℓ− transitions. Hyperon decays into neutrinos $$ \left({B}_1\to {B}_2v\overline{v}\right) $$

B
1

→

B
2

v

v
¯

can be reliably predicted by using form factors determined in baryon chiral perturbation theory. Their decay rates are sensitive to different short-distance operators, as compared to their kaon counterparts, and the corresponding branching fractions are in the range of 10−14 ∼ 10−13 in the standard model. In the context of the low-energy effective theory, we find that the anticipated BESIII measurements of the $$ {B}_1\to {B}_2v\overline{v} $$

B
1

→

B
2

v

v
¯

decays would lead to constraints on new physics in the purely axial vector $$ \overline{d}{\gamma}_{\mu }{\gamma}_5s $$

d
¯

γ
μ

γ
5

s
current that are stronger than the present limits from their kaon siblings $$ K\to \pi \pi v\overline{v} $$
K
→
ππv

v
¯

. On the other hand, although hyperon decays into charged leptons are dominated by long-distance hadronic contributions, angular observable such as the leptonic forward-backward asymmetry is sensitive to the interference between long- and short-distance contributions. We discuss the sensitivity to new physics of a potential measurement of this observable in comparison with observables in the kaon decays KL→ μ+μ− and K+→ π+μ+μ−. We conclude that the current kaon bounds are a few orders of magnitude better than those that could be obtained from Σ+→ pμ+μ− except for two scenarios with new physics in the $$ \left(\overline{d}{\gamma}^{\mu }s\right)\left(\overline{\mathrm{\ell}}{\gamma}_{\mu }{\gamma}_5\mathrm{\ell}\right) $$

d
¯

γ
μ

s

ℓ
¯

γ
μ

γ
5

ℓ

and $$ \left(\overline{d}{\gamma}^{\mu }{\gamma}_5s\right)\left(\overline{\mathrm{\ell}}{\gamma}_{\mu}\mathrm{\ell}\right) $$

d
¯

γ
μ

γ
5

s

ℓ
¯

γ
μ

ℓ

currents. Finally, we point out that the loop effects from renormalization group evolution are important in this context, when relating the low-energy effective field theory to new physics models in the UV.
Enhancing the Large Hadron Collider sensitivity to charged and neutral broad resonances of new gauge sectors
Authors: Fiaschi J. , Giuli F. , Hautmann F. , Moretti S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In scenarios beyond the Standard Model (BSM) characterised by charged (W′) or neutral (Z′) massive gauge bosons with large width, resonant mass searches are not very effective, so that one has to exploit the tails of the mass distributions measured at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this case, the LHC sensitivity to new physics signals is influenced significantly by systematic uncertainties associated with the Parton Distribution Functions (PDF), particularly in the valence quark sector relevant for the multi-TeV mass region. As a BSM framework featuring such conditions, we consider the 4-Dimensional Composite Higgs Model (4DCHM), in which multiple W′ and Z′ broad resonances are present, with strongly correlated properties. By using the QCD tool xFitter, we study the implications on W′ and Z′ searches in Drell-Yan (DY) lepton decay channels that follow from the reduction of PDF uncertainties obtained through combining high-statistics precision measurements of DY lepton-charge and forward-backward asymmetries. We find that the sensitivity to the BSM states is greatly increased with respect to the case of base PDF sets, thereby enabling one to set more stringent limits on (or indeed discover) such new particles, both independently and in correlated searches.
Power corrections to the CP-violation parameter εK
Authors: Ciuchini M. , Franco E. , Lubicz V. , Martinelli G. , Silvestrini L. , Tarantino C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the calculation of the short-distance power corrections to the CP-violation parameter εK coming from dimension-8 operators in the ∆S = 2 effective Hamiltonian. A first estimate of this contribution, obtained for large-Nc and in the chiral limit, was provided in ref. [1]. Here we evaluate and include the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({m}_K^2/{m}_c^2\right) $$
O

m
K
2

/

m
c
2

and $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\Lambda}_{\mathrm{QCD}}^2/{m}_c^2\right) $$
O

Λ
QCD
2

/

m
c
2

contributions that, a priori, could induce $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) corrections to previous estimates, as mK is numerically of order ΛQCD. Our computation shows that there are several dimension-8 operators besides the one considered before. Their effect on εK, however, accidentally cancels out to a large extent, leaving the final correction at the level of 1%.
Gravitational collapse of quantum fields and Choptuik scaling
Authors: Berczi Benjamin , Saffin Paul M. , Zhou Shuang-Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gravitational collapse into a black hole has been extensively studied with classical sources. We develop a new formalism to simulate quantum fields forming a black hole. By choosing a convenient coherent state, this formalism taps into well-established techniques used for classical collapse and adds on the evolution of the mode functions of the quantum field operator. Divergences are regularized with the cosmological constant and Pauli-Villars fields. Using a massless spherically symmetric scalar field as an example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the formalism by reproducing some classical results in gravitational collapse, and identifying the difference due to the quantum effects. We also find that Choptuik scaling in critical collapse survives in the semiclassical simulation, and furthermore the quantum deviation from the classical Choptuik scaling decreases when the system approaches the critical point.
Coronavirus disease 2019 and radiation oncology—survey on the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic on health care professionals in radiation oncology
Authors: Vogel Marco M. E. , Kessel Carmen , Eitz Kerstin A. , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has changed the lives of most humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic on health care professionals (HCPs) in radiation oncology facilities.

Methods
We distributed an online survey to HCPs in radiation oncology (physicians, medical physics experts, radiology assistants/radiation therapists, nurses, and administrative personnel). The survey was completed by 334 participants between May 23 and June 9, 2020.

Results
In 66.2% of the cases, HCPs reported a shortage of protective clothing. The protective measures were regarded as very reasonable by 47.4%, while 0.8% regarded them as not reasonable (rather reasonable: 44.0%; less reasonable 7.8%). 29.0% of the participants had children who needed care. The most frequently used care options were public emergency childcare (36.1%) and private childcare (e.g. relatives/friends). HCPs reported about additional work burden (fully agreed: 27.2%, rather agreed: 34.4%, less agreed: 28.2%, not agreed: 10.2%), and reduced work satisfaction (fully agreed: 11.7%, rather agreed: 29.6%, less agreed: 39.8%, not agreed: 18.9%). 12.9% and 29.0% of the participants were fully or rather mentally strained (less mentally strained: 44.0%, not mentally strained: 14.1%).

Conclusion
We must learn from this pandemic how to prepare for further outbreaks and similar conditions. This includes the vast availability of protective clothing and efficient tracing of infection chains among the HCPs, but also secured childcare programs and experienced mental health support are crucial. Further, work satisfaction and appreciation by employers is essential.
Influence of standoff distance and laser defocusing distance on direct laser metal deposition of a nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Mazzarisi Marco , Errico Vito , Angelastro Andrea , Campanelli Sabina Luisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe direct laser metal deposition (DLMD) is an additive manufacturing technology, based on laser cladding, which focuses mainly on 3D manufacturing applications. DLMD allows the production of thin-walled components by overlaying single-track depositions. Several issues can affect the deposition process and compromise the flatness of the surface on which subsequent tracks will be deposited. This work focused on deposition troubles simulated by means of a designed variation of the standoff distance and the laser defocusing distance. The effects of these two important process parameters on the deposition process were investigated. The experimental tests were performed by depositing a nickel-based superalloy powder on AISI 304 stainless steel plates through a coaxial nozzle. The work was carried out using an ytterbium fiber laser source and a deposition head equipped with an advanced and innovative motorized optics system. This allows the decoupled variation of the laser defocusing distance and consequently the laser spot size on the substrate surface with respect to the standoff distance. Results showed an influence of standoff distance and laser defocusing distance on the geometrical characteristics of the clad, such as clad width, clad height, penetration depth, and dilution. An experimental setup consisting of a light coaxial to the powder flow and a laterally positioned camera was designed to investigate the spatial powder distribution. Moreover, an analytical model for the powder distribution and clad width were proposed and validated. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a general linear model was also employed to describe the results.
Engineering T-cells with chimeric antigen receptors to combat hematological cancers: an update on clinical trials
Authors: Ormhøj Maria , Abken Hinrich , Hadrup Sine R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T-cells has shown efficacy in the treatment of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma, however, high numbers of relapses occur due to loss of targeted antigen or intrinsic failure of the CAR T-cells. In this situation modifications of the basic strategy are envisaged to reduce the risk of relapse, some of them are in early clinical exploration. These include simultaneous targeting of multiple antigens or combination of CAR T-cell therapy with other treatment modalities such as checkpoint inhibitors. The review evaluates and discusses these modified advanced therapies and pre-clinical approaches with respect to their potential to control leukemia and lymphoma in the long-term.