bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Biopsy for Neurological Diseases of Unknown Etiology in Critically Ill Patients: Feasibility, Safety, and Diagnostic Yield
Authors: Mathon Bertrand , Favreau Malory , Degos Vincent , Amelot Aymeric , Le Joncour Alexandre , Weiss Nicolas , Rohaut Benjamin , Le Guennec Loïc , Boch Anne-Laure , Carpentier Alexandre , Bielle Franck , Mokhtari Karima , Idbaih Ahmed , Touat Mehdi , Combes Alain , Demoule Alexandre , Shotar Eimad , Navarro Vincent , Raux Mathieu , Demeret Sophie , Pineton De Chambrun Marc ,   on behalf of the PSL BRAIN-BIOPSY STUDY GROUP
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Brain biopsy is a useful surgical procedure in the management of patients with suspected neoplastic lesions. Its role in neurologic diseases of unknown etiology remains controversial, especially in ICU patients. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility, safety, and the diagnostic yield of brain biopsy in critically ill patients with neurologic diseases of unknown etiology. We also aimed to compare these endpoints to those of non-ICU patients who underwent a brain biopsy in the same clinical context.

DESIGN:
Monocenter, retrospective, observational cohort study.

SETTING:
A French tertiary center.

PATIENTS:
All adult patients with neurologic diseases of unknown etiology under mechanical ventilation undergoing in-ICU brain biopsy between January 2008 and October 2020 were compared with a cohort of non-ICU patients.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Among the 2,207 brain-biopsied patients during the study period, 234 biopsies were performed for neurologic diseases of unknown etiology, including 29 who were mechanically ventilated and 205 who were not ICU patients. Specific histological diagnosis and final diagnosis rates were 62.1% and 75.9%, respectively, leading to therapeutic management modification in 62.1% of cases. Meningitis on prebiopsy cerebrospinal fluid analysis was the sole predictor of obtaining a final diagnosis (2.3 [1.4–3.8]; p = 0.02). ICU patients who experienced therapeutic management modification after the biopsy had longer survival (p = 0.03). The grade 1 to 4 (mild to severe) complication rates were: 24.1%, 3.5%, 0%, and 6.9%, respectively. Biopsy-related mortality was significantly higher in ICU patients compared with non-ICU patients (6.9% vs 0%; p = 0.02). Hematological malignancy was associated with biopsy-related mortality (1.5 [1.01–2.6]; p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS:
Brain biopsy in critically ill patients with neurologic disease of unknown etiology is associated with high diagnostic yield, therapeutic modifications and postbiopsy survival advantage. Safety profile seems acceptable in most patients. The benefit/risk ratio of brain biopsy in this population should be carefully weighted.
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Caused by Disseminated Cutaneous Sporotrichosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shi Ying , Yu Yan , Li Shan-Shan , Cui Yan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (CLV) is a vasculitis that involves mainly small blood vessels in the skin. CLV has different causes (drugs, infections, or neoplastic or systemic inflammatory diseases). Sporotrichosis has rarely been associated with CLV. We report a case of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis caused by microorganisms in the Sporothrix clade in a Chinese woman with a tuberculous peritonitis history. Her lesions included many ulcers with crusts on the limbs. A skin biopsy yielded a histologic diagnosis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Periodic acid–Schiff and Grocott methenamine silver stains revealed numerous round-to-oval, thick-walled yeast cells in the necrotic tissue of the dermis. Mycological cultures grew pure dark brown wrinkled and villous fungus colonies morphologically and microscopic characteristics suggestive of the pathogenic Sporothrix clade which was followed confirmed as Sporothrix globosa (S. globosa) by the PCR method and sequencing based on calmodulin gene. Although infrequently, Sporothrix clade may cause CLV and should be considered in its differential diagnosis.
Moraxella nonliquefaciens–Associated Ecthyma Gangrenosum in a Pediatric Patient With Cancer
Authors: Starkey Grant , Lee Erica , Clarey Dillon , Georgesen Corey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
In this brief report, we describe a 16-year-old patient with pre–B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia on chemotherapy who presented to the emergency department with a fever and “bruise-like” area on his left forearm. Empiric antibiotic therapy was initiated, and initial tissue biopsy demonstrated findings consistent with ecthyma gangrenosum. On day 4 of admission, initial blood cultures grew Moraxella nonliquefaciens, and targeted antibiotic therapy was initiated and continued for a total of 21 days. The patient was discharged after 6 days of in-patient therapy and made a full recovery. M. nonliquefaciens has been reported to be associated with multiple types of infection, but no cases of M. nonliquefaciens–associated ecthyma gangrenosum were identified in the literature review for this report. Given this unique case and the empiric risks and broad differential associated with cutaneous manifestations in immunocompromised patients, obtaining a skin biopsy for histological examination is imperative for diagnostic workup.
PRAME Expression in Challenging Dermal Melanocytic Neoplasms and Soft Tissue Tumors With Melanocytic Differentiation
Authors: Kline Nicholas , Menge Tyler D. , Hrycaj Steven M. , Andea Aleodor A. , Patel Rajiv M. , Harms Paul W. , Chan May P. , Bresler Scott C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is an immunohistochemical biomarker that is diffusely expressed in most cutaneous melanomas and is negative in most benign nevi. Histologically challenging dermal melanocytic neoplasms, such as cellular blue nevi (CBN) and deep penetrating nevi (DPN), and soft tissue tumors with melanocytic differentiation, such as clear cell sarcoma and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, may resemble primary or metastatic melanoma. PRAME immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of various dermal melanocytic neoplasms and soft tissue neoplasms with melanocytic differentiation. Staining was graded based on the percentage of melanocytes labeled (0–4+ as previously reported). The gold standard was final pathologic diagnosis using histologic, immunophenotypic, and in some cases molecular findings. Fifty-four cases were evaluated. 62.5% (5/8) of blue nevus-like melanomas and 50% (1/2) of DPN-like melanomas were PRAME positive (4+). Of the other tumors, 100% (20/20) of CBN (including 1 atypical CBN with borderline features); 100% (12/12) of DPN, combined DPN, or borderline DPN; 88.9% (8/9) of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors; and 100% (3/3) of clear cell sarcoma were PRAME negative (0–2+). Within the borderline categories specifically, all 8 tumors (1 borderline CBN and 7 borderline DPN) showed low (0–2+) PRAME expression. Overall, the sensitivity for melanoma in this context was 60%, with a specificity of 97.7%. Although our sample size is limited, the results suggest that IHC staining for PRAME may be useful in supporting a diagnosis of melanoma in the setting of challenging dermal melanocytic neoplasms and other epithelioid neoplasms with melanocytic differentiation. However, PRAME IHC lacks sensitivity in this context.
World Atmospheric CO2, Its 14C Specific Activity, Non-fossil Component, Anthropogenic Fossil Component, and Emissions (1750–2018)
Authors: Skrable Kenneth , Chabot George , French Clayton 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
After 1750 and the onset of the industrial revolution, the anthropogenic fossil component and the non-fossil component in the total atmospheric CO2 concentration, C(t), began to increase. Despite the lack of knowledge of these two components, claims that all or most of the increase in C(t) since 1800 has been due to the anthropogenic fossil component have continued since they began in 1960 with “Keeling Curve: Increase in CO2 from burning fossil fuel.” Data and plots of annual anthropogenic fossil CO2 emissions and concentrations, C(t), published by the Energy Information Administration, are expanded in this paper. Additions include annual mean values in 1750 through 2018 of the 14C specific activity, concentrations of the two components, and their changes from values in 1750. The specific activity of 14C in the atmosphere gets reduced by a dilution effect when fossil CO2, which is devoid of 14C, enters the atmosphere. We have used the results of this effect to quantify the two components. All results covering the period from 1750 through 2018 are listed in a table and plotted in figures. These results negate claims that the increase in C(t) since 1800 has been dominated by the increase of the anthropogenic fossil component. We determined that in 2018, atmospheric anthropogenic fossil CO2 represented 23% of the total emissions since 1750 with the remaining 77% in the exchange reservoirs. Our results show that the percentage of the total CO2 due to the use of fossil fuels from 1750 to 2018 increased from 0% in 1750 to 12% in 2018, much too low to be the cause of global warming.
131I Intake and Regulatory Compliance Following Administration of Capsular 131I Sodium Iodide for Treatment of Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Jafari Mary Ellen , Paik David S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Intake of 131I by nuclear medicine technologists and physician Authorized Users was evaluated using bioassay data from administration of 131I sodium iodide in capsular form during a 5-year period. Maximum estimated annual intake of 131I sodium iodide, based on bioassay measurements performed at 24 hours post administration, ranged from 10.9 to 35.6 kBq for all staff. Intake by Authorized Users was higher than that by nuclear medicine technologists due to state requirement for Authorized Users to physically administer therapeutic dosages of radiopharmaceuticals. All intake values were less than 10% of the 131I thyroid ALI of 50 microcurie3 (1,850 kBq), indicating that monitoring may be discontinued for staff participating in routine administration of 131I capsules in which volatilization is not suspected. Elimination of bioassay performance has permitted more flexibility in patient scheduling and improved workflow and efficiency.
Prenatal and Childhood Immuno-Metabolic Risk Factors for Adult Depression and Psychosis
Authors: Kappelmann Nils , Perry Benjamin I. , Khandaker Golam M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Depression and psychosis have a developmental component to their origin. Epidemiologic evidence, which we synthesize in this nonsystematic review, suggests that early-life infection, inflammation, and metabolic alterations could play a role in the etiology of these psychiatric disorders. The risk of depression and psychosis is associated with prenatal maternal and childhood infections, which could be mediated by impaired neurodevelopment. Evidence suggests linear dose-response associations between elevated concentrations of circulating inflammatory markers in childhood, particularly the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6, and the risk for depression and psychosis subsequently in early adulthood. Childhood inflammatory markers are also associated with persistence of depressive symptoms subsequently in adolescence and early adulthood. Developmental trajectories reflecting persistently high insulin levels during childhood and adolescence are associated with a higher risk of psychosis in adulthood, whereas increased adiposity during and after puberty is associated with the risk of depression. Together, these findings suggest that higher levels of infection, inflammation, and metabolic alterations commonly seen in people with depression and psychosis could be a cause for, rather than simply a consequence of, these disorders. Therefore, early-life immuno-metabolic alterations, as well as factors influencing these alterations such as adversity or maltreatment, could represent targets for prevention of these psychiatric disorders. Inflammation could also be an important treatment target for depression and psychosis. The field requires further research to examine sensitive periods when exposure to such immuno-metabolic alterations is most harmful. Interventional studies are also needed to test the potential usefulness of targeting early-life immuno-metabolic alterations for preventing adult depression and psychosis.
Brick by Brick: Building a Transdiagnostic Understanding of Inflammation in Psychiatry
Authors: Thylur David S. , Goldsmith David R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Inflammatory phenomena are found in many psychiatric disorders—notably, depression, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Inflammation has been linked to severity and treatment resistance, and may both contribute to, and result from, the pathophysiology of some psychiatric illnesses. Emerging research suggests that inflammation may contribute to symptom domains of reward, motor processing, and threat reactivity across different psychiatric diagnoses. Reward-processing deficits contribute to motivational impairments in depression and schizophrenia, and motor-processing deficits contribute to psychomotor slowing in both depression and schizophrenia. A number of experimental models and clinical trials suggest that inflammation produces deficits in reward and motor processing through common pathways connecting the cortex and the striatum, which includes the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen.
The observed effects of inflammation on psychiatric disorders may cut across traditional conceptualizations of psychiatric diagnoses. Further study may lead to targeted immunomodulating treatments that address difficult-to-treat symptoms in a number of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we use a Research Domain Criteria framework to discuss proposed mechanisms for inflammation and its effects on the domains of reward processing, psychomotor slowing, and threat reactivity. We also discuss data that support contributing roles of metabolic dysregulation and sex differences on the behavioral outcomes of inflammation. Finally, we discuss ways that future studies can help disentangle this complex topic to yield fruitful results that will help advance the field of psychoneuroimmunology.
Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Diagnosis of Bacteremic Listeria monocytogenes Meningitis in a Patient with Anti-Interferon Gamma
Authors: Xing Fanfan , Hung Derek L. L. , Lo Simon K. F. , Chen Shuang , Lau Susanna K. P. , Woo Patrick C. Y. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although various opportunistic infections have been described in patients with anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies, so far there is no Listeria monocytogenes infection reported to be associated with this primary immunodeficiency. Here, we describe the first case of bacteremic L. monocytogenes meningitis in a 59-year-old Chinese man with anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies, who presented with acute onset of fever and severe headache. Blood culture was positive but culture of the cerebrospinal fluid was negative, although it showed features suggestive of partially treated bacterial meningitis. The presence of L. monocytogenes in the cerebrospinal fluid was confirmed by next-generation sequencing. Avoidance of high-risk food items in these patients is important for the prevention of listeriosis. The use of antibiotic regimens that cover Listeria is crucial for empirical treatment, particularly if such patients develop acute or subacute meningitis. Next-generation sequencing is becoming an important diagnostic modality for culture-negative infections.
Overuse Injury to Proximal Phalanx in Throwing Athlete (Little Leaguer's Finger): A Case Report
Authors: Goodeill Teigen , Umberhandt Robert , Vela Luis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
The young, overhead throwing athlete is prone to overuse injuries because of their variable skeletal maturity and often improper technique. An overuse injury to the digit(s) in the overhead throwing athlete, Little Leaguer's Finger, has never been discussed in the literature to our knowledge. We present a case of a 14-year-old man with atraumatic pain, swelling, and edema to his dominant pitching index finger after throwing greater than 90 pitches in one setting. Initial workup of the patient, including an MRI, ruled out an infectious process, and it was determined that there was a stress epiphysitis within the proximal phalanx of the digit. Symptoms within the digit resolved given time, rest, and cessation of throwing activities. The purpose of this report was to stress the importance of establishing the etiology of finger pain in the throwing athlete and to describe a previously unreported overuse injury, Little Leaguer's Finger.
The top 50 most cited articles in carpal tunnel syndrome research
Authors: Lei Lei , Yin Shanshan , Meng Fanyuan , Zhou Ya , Xu Xuan , Ao Li Juan , Xu Rui , Chen Mo Xian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Citation analysis was applied to identify the influential studies in the specific field. More and more literature related to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) have been published in recent years. To our knowledge, no one has performed a citation analysis of CTS. Thus, our study identified the top 50 influential articles pertaining to CTS and conduct an analysis of their characteristics.

Methods:
The Web of Science database was used to identify all the articles from 1900 to 2020. We obtained the top 50 articles ranked by citation times, and articles were included and excluded based on the relevance to CTS. Also, we collected the information about journal name, level of evidence, source country and institution, and research type for further analysis.

Results:
The top 50 articles were published between 1959 and 2012. The number of citations ranged from 151 to 1083. The citation density was between 3.23 and 40.27 per year. Muscle Nerve published most articles in CTS research, followed by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. The USA was the leading country, and all the top 5 institutions were from the USA. Katz JN with the highest h-index published most articles. Level III was the most common evidence level.

Conclusions:
We identified the top 50 cited articles related to CTS. These influential articles might provide researchers with a comprehensive list of the major contribution related to CTS research.
Development of prognostic predictive model with neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with gastric signet ring carcinoma
Authors: Yang Shihai , Li Shangdong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The risk factors have not been well-defined for prognosis in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRC) patients. This study is designed to prognosticate survival in GSRC patients by establishing and verifying a predictive model with neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
A total of 147 GSRC patients from Department of Surgical Oncology, Neimenggu Baogang Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. A predictive model was established using Cox proportional hazards. The performance of the model was evaluated by ROC curves.
In present study, we found that overall survival (OS) (P < .001, Fig. 1A) and tumor recurrence rate (P = .036, Fig. 1B) in the NLR ≤ 2.8 group were significantly better than those in the NLR > 2.8 group. These results showed that NLR ≤ 2.8 was significant prognostic factor related with both OS and tumor recurrence in patients with GSRC. After adjusting for competing risk factors, NLR ≤ 2.8 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.625, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.505–5.3166, P = .003), tumor size (HR: 3.024, 95% CI: 1.521–4.186, P = .005), and tumor metastasis (HR: 3.303, 95% CI: 1.25–4.525, P = .012) remained independent predictors of tumor recurrence rate and OS. Our results showed that comparing with the model without NLR (area under ROC curve: 0.798), the model with NLR (area under ROC curve: 0.826) had significant better predictive power than the model without NLR, which further confirmed the value of NLR in predicting prognosis of patients with GSRC.
In conclusion, a high NLR value independently predicts poor survival in patients with GSRC after surgery. The NLR may help oncologists evaluate outcomes of patients received surgical resection and chemotherapy in order to choose alternative therapies for patients with high NLR value.
Different acupotomy for stenosing tenosynovitis
Authors: Wei Lingzhi , Tong Qi , Liu Yue , Hou Xinju , Zhi Fang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Stenosing tenosynovitis (STS) is a chronic aseptic inflammation caused by mechanical friction. The main clinical manifestations are local pain and limited activity of the affected parts, which reduce people's quality of life. The clinical effect of acupotomy in the treatment of STS is significant, and the operation is simple and the side effect is small. But there are many kinds of acupotomology, and there is a lack of comparative study between different Acupotomology. In this study, the effectiveness of 4 commonly used needle knife therapies (v-knife, oblique knife, crochet knife, flat knife) was ranked by the method of network meta.

Methods:
CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Sinomed, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched to collect randomized controlled trials of v-knife, oblique knife, crochet knife, and flat knife in the treatment of STS. The search time limit is from the date of establishment to October 15, 2021. Revman5.3, gemtc 0.14.3, and stata14.2 were used for data analysis, and Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to screen and evaluate the quality of included literatures.

Conclusion:
Objective to provide evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical selection of the best needle knife treatment scheme for STS.
Analysis of the nystagmus characteristics of cupula diseases
Authors: Wang Zhaoxia , Zhang Yang , Guo Qiang , Lin Ying , Li Juan-Juan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Clinically, there is a kind of patients with positional vertigo or dizziness, which occurs when they turn left or right, look down or up, lie down or sit up. With a long duration and varying frequency, it is not consistent with the manifestations of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). In addition, the persistent geotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus (PG-DCPN) was observed in a supine head-roll test.

Patient concerns:
With no apparent trigger for visual rotation and a sense of self instability, an 81-year-old female patient had suffered from vertigo for 3 days. The vertigo occurred every day, lasting several minutes each time, and associated with head movements and changes in body position. In a supine head-roll test, it appeared persistent geotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus for a long time, without latency, fatigability and in the presence of 3 zero planes.

Diagnosis:
Light cupula.

Interventions:
Difenidol hydrochloride 25 mg orally 3 times/day for 2 weeks and betahistine hydrochloride 12 mg orally 3 times/day for 1 month were administered.

Outcomes:
After 1 month of treatment, the patient's vertigo symptoms disappeared. And in the supine head-roll test, the persistent geotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus disappeared.

Conclusion:
We report the characteristics of nystagmus produced in a typical patient with light cupula during the supine head-roll test. After reviewing the relevant literatures, we believe that a simpler method can be used to identify canalolithiasis and cupula disease, to distinguish light and heavy cupula, and to determine the pathological semicircular canal to which the lesion belongs.