bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shopping and Flirting: Staging the New Exchange in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Comedies
Authors: Keenan Tim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the mid to late seventeenth century the New Exchange shopping mall on the Strand was one of London’s most important social and commercial spaces. Its significance is reflected by the number of references to it in various contemporary sources, including, prominently, Restoration comedies. There have been a number of modern studies of the building in relation to its architecture, commercial history, and cultural significance, but none examines how the building was represented theatrically. This essay corrects this omission by discussing all the plays that have scenes set in the New Exchange. Focusing on two of these—She Would If She Could (1668) by George Etherege and The Country Wife (1675) by William Wycherley—this essay considers dramaturgical approaches to the staging of real places in the period. In particular, it draws on period illustrations of the New Exchange and close theatrical readings of the plays to suggest correlations between the architectural structure of the building and its theatrical representation.
Between Jew and Nature: Tracing Jewish Ethics in the Ecological Imagination of Bernard Malamud’sDubin’s Lives
Authors: Clementi F. K. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe idea that Jews are “ecophobes” is a favorite shtick of American comedy. But does it reflect the truth? This article offers an alternative reading of the Jewish cultural production in twentieth-century American literature that goes beyond the stereotypical image of the “unnatural Jew.” Principally focused on Bernard Malamud’s novel Dubin’s Lives, this article frames Malamud’s work within the context of post-war environmental thought, American Jewish literature, and Jewish environment ethics. I hope to provide an alternative vision of modern American Jewish imagination and its relation to the nonhuman environment. I argue that this relation takes shape in Jewish culture due in part to its historical context: a context marked by Diaspora and assimilation. I enlist Emmanuel Lévinas’s ethics of asymmetry and Hans Jonas’s ontological ethics to show how Judaism and Jewish philosophy can be an ally in the creation or expansion of contemporary environmental ethics. Textual or performative Jews, to whom American literature and humor have accustomed us, are finally “two with Nature” (as Woody Allen says) not because they are Jewish but, perhaps, because they are not “Jewish” enough.
Kirkelig demokrati under korona-pandemien
Authors: Birkedal Erling , Askeland Harald 
Published: February 2022

Church democracy during the corona pandemic: A study of elected church leaders' participation in decisions about measures in the Church of Norway

The article examines the conditions of democracy in the Church of Norway during the corona pandemic in 2020-2021.The focus is on the decision-making process with the church's own infection control supervisor, especially regarding the participation of elected leaders. The article is based on interviews and surveys among church leaders, as well as selected documents. The material is analyzed from three perspectives, which have also been trends in the church in recent years: democratization, corporatization, and professionalization.
The analysis shows that there has been good coordination between employed leaders at all levels in the church, during the pandemic. The collaboration mainly seems to have worked well. Decision-making processes have emphasized consensus. Some of the employees have also been given a clearer role of responsibility.
However, democracy has played a withdrawn role during the pandemic, where most decisions are made by employed leaders. Most elected local leaders seem to be satisfied with this withdrawn role. Among regional and central elected leaders, there is a clearer wish that this should have been discussed, and that the elected leader should have had a more prominent role. This delimitation of the scope of democracy can partly be understood in terms of the pandemic's distinctiveness, with the need for quick decisions and action. At the same time, there is reason to believe that this limitation of democracy relates to traditions and understanding of the church's democracy in general. In part, church democracy has been seen as a "meeting democracy", with emphasis on the decision itself, while implementation is left to the employees. At the same time, a lack of time or an institutionalized role of representative has pulled in the same direction. This article contributes to further reflection on the role of democracy in the Church of Norway.
The Relationship Between Self-Compassion, Cognitive Flexibility and Psychological Symptoms
Authors: Güler Kahraman 
Published: February 2022

In this study, firs aim the relationship between self-compassion, cognitive flexibility and psychological symptoms, second aim is basically aspire to investigate that the effects of anxiety, depression, somatization, hostility, negative self and cognitive flexibility, which reduce self-compassion.	Relational screening model was used in this research by using simple random sampling type. The simple random sampling method is a sampling method that is claimed to give each sampling unit an equal probability of being selected, and that the selected units are sampled and that the selection of the representative sample is much stronger when compared to other methods . The population of the research consists of individuals aged 20-45 working in human resources staff in the private sector in Istanbul. The sample group of the research consists of 384 individuals between the ages of 20-45 working in the human resources staff in the private sector in Istanbul. In this study, the Social and Demographic Information Form, Self-Compassion Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory were used.	It was determined that there was a moderate and negative relationship between the Self-Compassion Scale with Brief Symptom Inventory, Anxiety, Depression, Negative Self, Somatization and Hostility. When the literature is examined, it is seen that there is a negative relationship between the Self-Compassion Scale with depression and anxiety.
Japaneseness in Racist Canada: Immigrant Imaginaries during the First Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Okawa Eiji ,   The Landscapes of Injustice Research Collective
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study explores how Japanese immigrants in Canada understood themselves and conceptualized their community during the first half of the twentieth century. Using vernacular texts in Japanese language, I scrutinize their self-expressions and expand the discourse of Japanese-Canadian history beyond a frame centred upon white racism and exclusionary policies. I start by suggesting the need to relativize normative ideas about the individual to contextualize immigrants’ cognitive and discursive practices. Next, I outline notions about the self and collective, morality, and language as intricate components of nationhood in Japanese modernity. Then I turn to immigrant texts. Focusing on debates concerning language education of the second generation (Nisei), I examine how constitutive elements of the Japanese nation affected diasporic subjectivity and self-understanding. As I argue, immigrants claimed their space in Canada by asserting Japaneseness and navigated a hostile world by deploying cultural tools of Japanese modernity. Hegemonic epistemology of Western modernity, however, prevents their history from being assessed on its own terms.
Intersecting Linear Light Strands: a Particle Explanation for the Fresnel Central Spot
Authors: Dutt Srin 
Published: February 2022

The Fresnel central spot in a shadow, theorized to be generated from wave interference, has given strong support for wave models of light. Using extended exposure macro imaging in various media, the shadow is shown to be more complex with multiple lines of light intersecting in the center. Using the particle concept of discrete light strands perpendicularly reflecting from a diffraction source, these observations can be more accurately explained. Another quantized aspect of light is shown where linear light strands become rings when an energy threshold is reached.
A contribuição catarinense para a redução de gases de efeito estufa: Lei do Biogás
Authors: Francisco Gelinski Neto  , Gelinski Carmen , Eduardo Gelinski Júnior  
Published: February 2022

Os eventos climáticos extremos têm sido cada vez mais frequentes. Cientistas acreditam que o aquecimento global está intimamente ligado ao aumento das emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE). Entre os GEE mais prejudiciais está o dióxido de carbono oriundo de atividades humanas como a produção industrial ou agrícola, a urbanização ou a queima de hidrocarbonetos. Este trabalho trata de uma das fontes de GEE na agropecuária, os efluentes gerados na criação de suínos, tendo como pano de fundo a nova Lei do Biogás em Santa Catarina, aprovada em 2018. Essa Lei promete estimular o tratamento anaeróbico de resíduos rurais e urbanos (biomassa) em Santa Catarina. O objetivo é levantar o uso de biodigestores em três municípios de Santa Catarina (Concórdia, Seara e Braço do Norte), líderes na produção de suínos. Especificamente busca-se: i) verificar se a política de estímulo ao biogás já está sendo implementada no caso da suinocultura; ii) constatar se nessas regiões há novos projetos para utilização de biodigestores; iii) verificar junto às autoridades estaduais a existência de programa específico para fomento de produção e uso do biogás. O estudo verificou que não há política explicita de estímulo ao uso de biodigestores e produção de biogás nos municípios avaliados.
shift of contents in prototypical tasks used in education reforms
Authors: Fuchs Karl Joseph 
Published: February 2022

The paper discusses the shift of contents in prototypical tasks provoked by the current educational reform in Austria. The paper starts with the educational backboard of the process of changes in particular with the out tting of the students' abilities in different taxonomies and its implementation in the competence models of Mathematics. A methodological didactical point of view on the process is given additionally. Examples out of a specific collection of math problems which arise from the educational reform are integrated and analysed in the context of educational principles and methods. The discussion ends with a short evaluation of the role of traditional approaches to tasks in the ongoing reform. A bundle of tasks as proof that they are still alive is presented finally.
Subject Classification: 97B50, 97D40, 97D50
Pathobiologic Stratification of Oncotype DX Recurrence Scores and Comparative Validation of 3 Surrogate Models
Authors: Mohamed Anas , Kousar Aisha , Wong Jan , Vohra Nasreen , Muzaffar Mahvish , Geradts Joseph 
Published: February 2022

Context.—
The Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) predicts recurrence and chemotherapy benefit in early-stage estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer patients. Cost and unavailability are 2 major disadvantages of the assay. Multiple models have been developed to predict the RS.

Objective.—
To predict RS based on histopathologic and biomarker features, and to measure concordance and correlation with RS of the following 3 algorithms: breast cancer prognostic score, Magee0, and Magee2.

Design.—
Breast cancer cases with available RSs were reviewed (n = 442). RS categories were stratified by pathologic and biomarker variables. Histopathologic and biomarker data were abstracted from pathology reports, and RS was calculated by each model. Correlation and concordance between models and RS were calculated.

Results.—
Less than 5% of breast cancers with lobular features, low-grade tumors, carcinomas with high progesterone receptor content, or luminal A tumors had an RS greater than 25. Breast cancer prognostic score, Magee0, and Magee2 demonstrated correlation coefficients with RS of 0.63, 0.61, and 0.62, respectively. Two-step discordances were uncommon. When an RS of 25 was used to separate high-risk from non–high-risk cases, concordance rates of 86% to 88% were achieved.

Conclusions.—
High RS was observed only in a small percentage of pure or mixed lobular carcinomas, low-grade or luminal A tumors, and tumors with high progesterone receptor expression, suggesting that these cancers may not require Oncotype testing. All 3 surrogate models demonstrated comparable correlation and high concordance with the RS when a cutoff of 25 was used, suggesting their utility in cases where the actual RS is unavailable.
España debe saber (Eduardo Manzanos, 1977). Un ejemplo cinemagráfico de revisionismo histórico en la reciente democracia de nuestro país
Authors: Sanz Ferreruela Fernando , Lázaro Sebastián Francisco Javier 
Published: February 2022

Poco antes de la celebración de las primeras elecciones generales democráticas en España tras casi cuarenta años de dictadura, se estrenó el largometraje documental España debe saber (Eduardo Manzanos, 1977). Su desarrollo se articula en función del formato de entrevista, una fórmula que se había popularizado dentro de este género a partir de ejemplos tan paradigmáticos como La vieja memoria (Jaime Camino, 1977), que, desde una visión netamente de izquierdas trataron de ofrecer las causas y las posteriores consecuencias de la Guerra Civil y la dictadura que aconteció después.
Manzanos planteó un particular ejercicio de revisionismo sobre el período anterior de la historia española, mediante la presencia de diferentes testimonios como el de Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora o José María de Areilza, entre otros. Con la particularidad añadida de que la película que pretendemos estudiar se trata de una auténtica réplica a lo expuesto en el film de Jaime Camino antes citado; afirmación que no resulta descabellada dado que encontramos un claro precedente orientado en este sentido en la propia trayectoria de Manzanos con la película ¿Por qué morir en Madrid?, surgida como respuesta clara al film antifranquista Morir en Madrid (Mourir à Madrid, Frédéric Róssif, 1963).
Transnationale forbindelser og steder i ungdomspædagogisk arbejde
Authors: Gulløv John , Larsen Vibe , Tireli Üzeyir 
Published: February 2022

ResumeDenne artikel diskuterer betydningen af minoritetsdanske unges transnationale og globale netværk og referencer. Baggrunden er en undersøgelse, som peger på, at transnationale og globale referencer udgør en symbolsk kapital, der styrker de unges oplevelser af fællesskaber, fordi referencerne genkendes og anerkendes på tværs af forskellige migrationshistorier og oplevelser af personlige, nationale og religiøse tilhørsforhold. De transnationale og globale erfaringer udgør en overset ressource, som adskiller disse unge fra unge med majoritetsdansk baggrund. Der peges på, at større fokus på denne form for symbolsk kapital med fordel kan indgå i pædagogiske og uddannelsesbaserede integrationsindsatser.
AbstractTransnational connections and places in youth workThis article discusses what it means when young people with minority Danish backgrounds use their transnational and global networks and references to form peer groups. The background is a study that shows that the transnational and global references constitute a symbolic capital that are recognized across different migration stories, experiences, and personal, national, and religious affiliations. The authors point out how transnational and global experiences represent an overlooked resource which distinguishes these young people from most young Danes, and that it will be highly relevant to use this symbolic capital as a resource in pedagogical and educational integration work.
Assessing the impact of workaholism and work engagement on medical university employee stress and satisfaction levels
Authors: Sarfaraz Mahin , Sarfaraz Shaur , Maqsood Afsheen , Ahmed Naseer , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq , Abduljabbar Adel S. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Workaholism (WH) is related with high mental trouble and physical objections, low employment and family fulfillment, and low occupation execution; however, work commitment is related with job and life satisfaction. This study aimed to assess the impact of WH and work engagement (WE) on medical university employee job stress and satisfaction.

Methods
This descriptive analytical study was conducted on workers employed in medical universities using validated questionnaires for data collection. The sample size was 330, from which 305 responded with completed questionnaire. The employees were the direct workers of different accessible medical universities in Karachi, Pakistan. The employee enrolment and distribution of the questionnaire was performed using non-probability convenient sampling. The Brief Job Questionnaire (BJQ), Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) were used to assess the impact of job stress on job satisfaction and WE. The data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation and regression analysis. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results
The study consisted of 117 (38.4%) male and 188 (61.6%) female participants; the mean age of participating employee was 28.50 ± 6.192. The mean score for WE was 3.78 ± 0.467, that of WH was 3.42 ± 0.559, for JS was 4.29 ± 0.400, whereas JSF was 3.10 ± 0.591. A positive correlation was observed between job stress, WH and WE. WH had a strong correlation with job stress and weak correlation with job satisfaction and performance. A significant difference was observed between WE and WH among males and females.

Conclusions
The study presented with a significant effect of job satisfaction with WH and WE with job stress. Hence, indicating the importance of social skills and WE with fellow employees to increase the work productivity and performance. However, in case of over work and WH, an increase of job stress is inevitable.
Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Versus Risk of New‐Onset Diabetes Mellitus With Statin Use in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ozen Gulsen , Dell'Aniello Sophie , Pedro Sofia , Michaud Kaleb , Suissa Samy 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of statin use on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), all‐cause mortality, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe identified a cohort of patients with RA between 1989 and 2018, within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We employed a prevalent new‐user cohort design by which patients initiating statins were each matched to 2 concurrent nonusers by the time‐conditional propensity score (TCPS). Patients were followed until the occurrence of the composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalized heart failure or CVD mortality, all‐cause mortality, and incident type 2 DM. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of each outcome associated with as‐treated statin use, with adjustment for TCPS deciles and imbalanced covariables.ResultsAmong 1,768 statin initiators and 3,528 nonusers, 63 versus 340 CVD (3.0 per 100 person‐years versus 2.7 per 100 person‐years) and 62 versus 525 deaths (2.8 per 100 person‐years versus 4.1 per 100 person‐years) occurred. Incident type 2 DM was noted in 128 of 3,608 statin initiators (3.0 per 100 person‐years) and 518 of 7,208 nonusers (2.0 per 100 person‐years). Statin initiation was associated with 32% (HR 0.68 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.51–0.90]) reduction in CVD, 54% (HR 0.46 [95% CI 0.35–0.60]) reduction in all‐cause mortality, and 33% increase in type 2 DM (HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.09–1.63]). The number needed to treat/number needed to harm to prevent a CVD or all‐cause mortality or to cause type 2 DM in 1 year was 102, 42, and 127, respectively.ConclusionStatins are associated with important reductions in CVD and mortality that outweigh the modest increase in type 2 DM risk in RA patients.
Escaping the Labyrinth of Bioinspiration: Biodiversity as Key to Successful Product Innovation
Authors: Broeckhoven Chris , du Plessis Anton 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNature provides an infinite source of inspiration for innovative designs that may be required to tackle the social, economic, and environmental challenges the world faces. Despite the surging popularity and prevalence, the discipline of bioinspiration is limited in unleashing its full potential by the inadequate understanding of biological and evolutionary concepts, often leading to suboptimal solutions and a lack of further development toward successful products. Here, the constraints and limitations that pose potential pitfalls for bioinspiration, but are generally overlooked by most practitioners of bioinspiration, are discussed. It is highlighted that an awareness of biodiversity is key to address this issue, and ultimately to the successful application of bioinspiration in general. Furthermore, a practical approach to the analysis of biodiversity information is provided and attention is drawn to opportunities for improving the translation of biological knowledge into innovative solutions. Primary emphasis is placed on direct bioinspired product innovations, though many of the concepts central to the ideas are applicable to the wider domain of bioinspired materials science, chemical, and systems engineering, among others. With this perspective, the guiding thread that will enable to escape the labyrinth of bioinspiration and follow the right track to successful innovation is brought back.
Molecular Engineering Enables TADF Emitters Well Suitable for Non‐Doped OLEDs with External Quantum Efficiency of Nearly 30%
Authors: Xie Ziyang , Cao Chen , Zou Yang , Cao Xiaosong , Zhou Changjiang , He Jiawei , Lee Chun‐Sing , Yang Chuluo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are particularly appealing due to the merit of the extremely simple device structure. However, the performance of non‐doped OLEDs is usually far inferior than that of doped devices, mainly due to the lack of desirable emitters. An ideal emitter for non‐doped OLEDs should not merely be highly emissive in the host matrix but also be capable of delivering excellent properties in its condensed state. Herein, through molecular engineering, an “axial and equatorial carbazolyl extension” approach to manipulate the molecular packing behavior is developed, and thus, the emitter is awarded with superior properties in its neat film. Based on this approach, through simply modifying the conventional acridine donor in a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter with carbazole moieties in the way of hyper‐conjugation, two new TADF emitters with the molecular skeleton being extended both horizontally and vertically by carbazole moieties are constructed. The resulted TADF emitters reveal superb properties with simultaneous excellent thermal and morphological stabilities, photophysical behaviors, and charge transporting ability in their neat film. Owing to the merits of these synergistic superior properties, highly efficient non‐doped green emissive OLED with the state‐of‐the‐art external quantum efficiency of nearly 30% is realized.