bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of Indigenous stewardship to an historical mixed‐severity fire regime in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Copes‐Gerbitz Kelsey , Daniels Lori D. , Hagerman Shannon M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndigenous land stewardship and mixed‐severity fire regimes both promote landscape heterogeneity, and the relationship between them is an emerging area of research. In our study, we reconstructed the historical fire regime of Ne Sextsine, a 5900‐ha dry, Douglas fir–dominated forest in the traditional territory of the T'exelc (Williams Lake First Nation) in British Columbia, Canada. Between 1550 and 1982 CE, we found median fire intervals of 18 years at the plot level and 4 years at the study‐site level. Ne Sextsine was characterized by an historical mixed‐severity fire regime, dominated by frequent, low‐severity fires as indicated by fire scars, with infrequent, mixed‐severity fires indicated by cohorts. Differentiating low‐ from mixed‐severity plots over time was key to understanding the drivers of the fire regime at Ne Sextsine. Low‐severity plots were coincident with areas of highest use by the T'exelc, including winter village sites, summer fishing camps, and travel corridors. The high fire frequency in low‐severity plots ceased in the 1870s, following the smallpox epidemic, the forced relocation of Indigenous peoples into small reserves, and the prohibition of Indigenous burning. In contrast, the mixed‐severity plots were coincident with areas where forest resources, such as deer or certain berry species, were important. The high fire frequency in the mixed‐severity plots continued until the 1920s when industrial‐scale grazing and logging began, facilitated by the establishment of a nearby railway. T'exelc oral histories and archeological evidence at Ne Sextsine speak to varied land stewardship, reflected in the spatiotemporal complexity of low‐ and mixed‐severity fire plots. Across Ne Sextsine, 63% of cohorts established and persisted in the absence of fire after colonial impacts beginning in the 1860s, resulting in a dense, homogeneous landscape that no longer supports T'exelc values and is more likely to burn at uncharacteristic high severities. This nuanced understanding of the Indigenous contribution to a mixed‐severity fire regime is critical for advancing proactive fire mitigation that is ecoculturally relevant and guided by Indigenous expertise.
Opposite effects of nutrient enrichment and an invasive snail on the growth of invasive and native macrophytes
Authors: Yan Yimin , Oduor Ayub M. O. , Li Feng , Xie Yonghong , Liu Yanjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany ecosystems are now co‐invaded by alien plant and herbivore species. The evolutionary naivety of native plants to alien herbivores can make the plants more susceptible to the detrimental effects of herbivory than co‐occurring invasive plants, in accordance with the apparent competition hypothesis. Moreover, the invasional meltdown hypothesis predicts that in multiply invaded ecosystems, invasive species can facilitate each other's impacts on native communities. Although there is growing empirical support for these hypotheses, facilitative interactions between invasive plants and herbivores remain underexplored in aquatic ecosystems. Many freshwater ecosystems are co‐invaded by aquatic macrophytes and mollusks and simultaneously experience nutrient enrichment. However, the interactive effects of these ecological processes on native macrophyte communities remain an underexplored area. To test these effects, we performed a freshwater mesocosm experiment in which we grew a synthetic native community of three macrophyte species under two levels of invasion by an alien macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum (invasion vs. no invasion) and fully crossed with two levels of nutrient enrichment (enrichment vs. no enrichment) and herbivory by an invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata (herbivory vs. no herbivory). In line with the invasional meltdown and apparent competition hypotheses, we found that the proportional aboveground biomass yield of the invasive macrophyte, relative to that of the native macrophyte community, was significantly greater in the presence of the invasive herbivore. Evidence of a reciprocal facilitative effect of the invasive macrophyte on the invasive herbivore is provided by results showing that the herbivore produced greater egg biomass in the presence versus in the absence of M. aquaticum. However, nutrient enrichment reduced the mean proportional aboveground biomass yield of the invasive macrophyte. Our results suggested that herbivory by invader P. canaliculata may enhance the invasiveness of M. aquaticum. However, nutrient enrichment of habitats that already harbor M. aquaticum may slow down the invasive spread of the macrophyte. Broadly, our study underscores the significance of considering several factors and their interactions when assessing the impact of invasive species, especially considering that many habitats experience co‐invasion by plants and herbivores and simultaneously undergo various other disturbances, including nutrient enrichment.
Enhanced mutualism: A promotional effect driven by bacteria during the early invasion of Phytolacca americana
Authors: Meng Yunhao , Geng Xinze , Zhu Ping , Bai Xinfu , Zhang Ping , Ni Guangyan , Hou Yuping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe enhanced mutualism hypothesis postulates that invasive plants promote self‐growth by enriching beneficial microbes to establish a positive soil feedback. However, the roles of soil microorganisms may vary with increasing time for plant growth. Research on changes in soil microbial communities over time has important implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying plant invasion. Due to the difficulty in evaluating the duration of plant growth, few studies have quantified the changes in soil microorganisms with increasing plant age. This study focuses on the invasive weed Phytolacca americana L., which has growth rings in the main root. We conducted a two‐stage experiment in the field and greenhouse to explore the soil feedback changes with duration of plant growth. We determined the effects of P. americana at different ages on the soil microbial community and soil properties and performed a soil inoculation experiment to quantify the influence of soil microbes on seed germination and seedling performance. We found that the content of some soil nutrients, namely total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate‐N, and available phosphorus, significantly decreased with increasing growth age of P. americana, whereas the available potassium showed an opposite increasing trend. The P. americana growth age also significantly influenced the soil bacterial community structure. However, this phenomenon did not occur in the fungal community. In the bacterial community, the relative abundance of plant growth‐promoting bacteria showed an increasing trend. The soil inoculation experiment had high seed germination rates and biomass accumulation when the plants were grown in conditioned soil from P. americana growth within 5 years, suggesting a positive plant–soil feedback. However, the promoting effect disappeared in conditioned soil from 10 years of age. Our findings demonstrate that plant growth‐promoting bacteria significantly accumulated in the soil during the early stages of P. americana invasion, and that the strength of enhanced positive feedback may play a crucial role in facilitating P. americana invasion. This study highlights the changing nature of plant–microbe interactions during biological invasion and illustrates how bacteria could contribute to the initial success of P. americana, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of plant invasion.
Are experiment sample sizes adequate to detect biologically important interactions between multiple stressors?
Authors: Burgess Benjamin J. , Jackson Michelle C. , Murrell David J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs most ecosystems are being challenged by multiple, co‐occurring stressors, an important challenge is to understand and predict how stressors interact to affect biological responses. A popular approach is to design factorial experiments that measure biological responses to pairs of stressors and compare the observed response to a null model expectation. Unfortunately, we believe experiment sample sizes are inadequate to detect most non‐null stressor interaction responses, greatly hindering progress. Using both real and simulated data, we show sample sizes typical of many experiments (<6) can (i) only detect very large deviations from the additive null model, implying many important non‐null stressor‐pair interactions are being missed, and (ii) potentially lead to mostly statistical outliers being reported. Computer code that simulates data under either additive or multiplicative null models is provided to estimate statistical power for user‐defined responses and sample sizes, and we recommend this is used to aid experimental design and interpretation of results. We suspect that most experiments may require 20 or more replicates per treatment to have adequate power to detect nonadditive. However, estimates of power need to be made while considering the smallest interaction of interest, i.e., the lower limit for a biologically important interaction, which is likely to be system‐specific, meaning a general guide is unavailable. We discuss ways in which the smallest interaction of interest can be chosen, and how sample sizes can be increased. Our main analyses relate to the additive null model, but we show similar problems occur for the multiplicative null model, and we encourage similar investigations into the statistical power of other null models and inference methods. Without knowledge of the detection abilities of the statistical tools at hand or the definition of the smallest meaningful interaction, we will undoubtedly continue to miss important ecosystem stressor interactions.
The influence of sugarcane pre‐harvest fire on hantavirus prevalence in Neotropical small mammals
Authors: Gheler‐Costa Carla , Sabino‐Santos Gilberto , Rosalino Luís Miguel , Amorim Luana Santos , Maia Felipe Gonçalves M. , de Andrade Moral Rafael , Ferreira Iuri E. P. , Figueiredo Luiz‐Thadeu M. , Piña Carlos I. , Verdade Luciano M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of pre‐harvest fire in sugarcane fields surprisingly results in an increase in the abundance of Neotropical Sigmodontinae rodents, which might carry hantavirus. By contrast, fire suspension induces a decline in rodents in the first 5 years. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of sugarcane harvest regimes on hantavirus prevalence in wild rodents. Field collections were carried out on a sugarcane production area in Northeast São Paulo, which is responsible for 30% of the ethanol production in Brazil. A few years after pre‐harvest fire suspension, a high prevalence of hantavirus was found in small rodents at lower population density, but apparently higher population growth rate. Differences in life cycle between the rodents and their predators may explain such density patterns, as small rodents can breed twice or even three times each year, whereas their predators usually breed only once a year. Similarly, the temporal dynamics of the predator–prey relationship suggests that hantavirus prevalence is related to small rodent's population growth and not density. Only Akodon montensis, Calomys tener, and Necromys lasiurus contained immunoglobulin G antibodies against the recombinant nucleoprotein of Araraquara orthohantavirus, a genotype of Andes orthohantavirus, with no interspecific variation in seroprevalence among these species. However, males presented higher prevalence rate than females, possibly due to a male‐biased dispersal pattern and a higher frequency of antagonistic interactions. Governance measures to mitigate the role of small wild rodents on the emergence of hantavirus in agricultural landscapes dominated by sugarcane plantations should include the use of wildlife‐friendly management techniques (e.g., to mitigate the mortality of the predators of small rodents), human capacity building concerning wildlife‐related conflicts, and multifunctionality of agricultural landscapes. Future studies should prioritize the possible relationship between microhabitat structure and hantavirus prevalence in small rodents in agricultural landscapes dominated by sugarcane fields.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Colloidal ZnS Spheres by an Acid‐Free Two‐Step Approach
Authors: Fang Qianyao , Wei Wuke , Wu Chengcai , Su Xin , Wu Suli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate a new two‐step method for preparing monodisperse ZnS colloidal spheres. The method contains a hot‐injection step for making primary particles as seeds and a heating‐up step for aggregation growth of secondary colloidal spheres. Instead of the most commonly used thioacetamide in previous studies, thiourea (TU) was selected as the sulfur source. The temperature‐dependent thermal decomposition rate of TU makes the releasing of S2− and nucleation of ZnS under proper kinetic control, meanwhile making the reaction a mild and acid‐free process. By separating the two steps and using a milder sulfur precursor, monodisperse ZnS colloidal spheres have been prepared. Their diameters can be delicately tuned in the range from 54 to 172 nm through simply changing the amount of Zn and S precursor. The optical properties of the obtained ZnS spheres were studied by extinction and PL measurements, and they exhibit size‐dependent optical behavior.
Ultra‐stable calcium ion batteries with Prussian blue nanodisks
Authors: Vo Thuan Ngoc , Kang Ji Eun , Lee Hyocheol , Lee Sang‐Wha , Ahn Suk‐kyun , Hur Jaehyun , Kim Il Tae 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCalcium ion batteries, though more sustainable than lithium‐ion batteries, still face significant challenges, including the lack of highly rechargeable electrodes. Prepared Prussian blue nanodisk electrodes can significantly extend the longevity of Ca‐based cells. The method involves precipitating 20‐nm‐thick nanodisks of Prussian green from Fe(NO3)3 and K3Fe(CN)6, followed by sodiation with NaI. The Prussian‐blue‐based cathode with polyacrylic acid/polyaniline binder delivers an initial discharging capacity of 77.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and retains 91.0% capacity after 700 cycles. Polyvinyl fluoride is detrimental to the Ca‐based cell, as its coulombic efficiency decreases from 94.8% (120th cycle) to 86.4% (400th cycle). With the same cathode, the Ca‐based cell is much less sensitive to high current densities than the Na‐based cell. This can be because only half the amount of cations is required to move in Ca‐based systems compared to Na‐based systems; thus, the charge‐transfer resistance is noticeably reduced in Ca‐based systems.image
Application of a Screening-Level Pollinator Risk Assessment Framework to Trisiloxane Polyether Surfactants
Authors: Collins Jennifer K. , Jackson Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Regulatory requirements exist to assess the potential impacts of pesticides on insect pollinators, but “inert,” coformulants to pesticide formulations are not included in standard regulatory risk assessments. Some publications in the open literature have suggested that the agricultural uses of “inert” ingredients, including trisiloxane polyether surfactants, may result in adverse effects on pollinators. We conducted a screening-level risk assessment to evaluate the potential risk to insect pollinators, using honey bees (Apis mellifera) as a surrogate, from exposure to three trisiloxane polyether surfactants based on agricultural application scenarios following the current US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidance. The exposure assessment included data from two sources: (1) use data reported in California's (USA) Pesticide Use Registry (PUR) database for all crops, and (2) an almond orchard residue study conducted using the three trisiloxane polyether surfactants. Honey bee laboratory studies with each of the trisiloxane polyether surfactants reported 50% lethal doses (LD50s) or no adverse effect levels, which were used as the effects inputs to BeeREX. The exposure and toxicity data were combined to estimate potential honey bee risk based on the determination of acute and chronic risk quotients (RQs) for larval and adult life stages. The RQs calculated using both the PUR use rates as well as the application rates and peak measured residues from the almond orchard residue study were below the USEPA acute and chronic levels of concern (acute, 0.4; chronic, 1.0). Based on these results, the use of these three trisiloxane polyether surfactants in agricultural use settings can be considered minimal risk to insect pollinators, and higher tier assessment is unnecessary for the characterization of risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3084–3094. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
CaPTS scheduler: A context‐aware priority tuple scheduling for Fog computing paradigm
Authors: Islam Mir Salim Ul , Kumar Ashok 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the increase in real‐time latency‐sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) applications, a huge amount of data is generated in the Fog‐IoT paradigm. There is a need to schedule and execute this huge workload over Fog devices efficiently to support the increasing demand of these applications. But, Fog devices are resource‐constrained in terms of processing/computing power, bandwidth as well as storage capacity which makes tuple scheduling a challenging problem. Moreover, due to the rise in IoT devices per application, a sharp increase in service response time, network congestion, and inefficiency in terms of energy consumption, and execution cost has been observed. Consequently, an efficient tuple scheduling algorithm is desirable that can reduce latency and network usage and optimize energy consumption and cost. Therefore, in this work, CaPTS scheduler: A Context‐aware Priority Tuple Scheduling for Fog computing paradigm is designed and proposed. It takes into consideration various context‐aware parameters such as task load of application, networking requirement, and data flow rate to set the priority of tuples and schedule them across Fog computing nodes while ensuring quick service response time and satisfying quality of service requirements of end‐users. The CaPTS scheduler is implemented and evaluated using iFogSim toolkit on various performance metrics such as latency, network usage, energy consumption, and cost. Its performance is validated through a case study on the smart mining industry system. The results show that on an average the latency and network usage are minimized by 35.93% and 44.20%, while energy consumption and cost are optimized by 4.55% and 30.92%, respectively, in comparison with baseline techniques.
Formulation optimization of functional wheat bread with low glycemic index from technological and nutritional perspective
Authors: Mollakhalili‐meybodi Neda , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Hajimohammadi Bahador , Mosaddegh Mohammad Hassan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInclusion of prebiotic compounds as indigestible dietary fiber in wheat bread has grown rapidly considering the increased public awareness about their impact on health. However, through their incorporation, the technological characteristics may adversely be influenced by gluten dilution impacts. This study was done to evaluate the impacts of long chain, native and short chain inulin (L‐, N‐, and S‐type inulin, respectively) at 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, and 16% w/w as Inulin Reconstituted Wheat Flour (IRWF) with similar gluten: carbohydrate ratio of wheat flour (at 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20% w/w) on technological and nutritional value of wheat bread. Results indicated that despite no gluten dilution induced by IRWF supplementation, technological characteristics were adversely influenced especially at higher substitution level of L‐type‐containing formulations which is attributed to their higher water absorption index (WAI). Reversely, the nutritional value was positively influenced in which the lowest hydrolysis index (26.64%); predicted Glycemic Index (51.93%) and fructan loss content (25.42%) were found at L‐type inulin‐containing IRWF at the highest substitution level (20% w/w). As the nutritional value of wheat bread as staple foodstuff is important, optimizing the bread‐making process to decrease all reverse impacts induced by L‐inulin‐type inclusion seems to be required.
Combinatorial targeting of G‐protein‐coupled bile acid receptor 1 and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 reveals a mechanistic role for bile acids and leukotrienes in drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Biagioli Michele , Marchianò Silvia , di Giorgio Cristina , Roselli Rosalinda , Bordoni Martina , Bellini Rachele , Fiorillo Bianca , Sepe Valentina , Catalanotti Bruno , Cassiano Chiara , Monti Maria Chiara , Distrutti Eleonora , Zampella Angela , Fiorucci Stefano 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim:
Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a common disorder that involves both direct liver cell toxicity and immune activation. The bile acid receptor, G‐protein‐coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1; Takeda G‐protein‐coupled receptor 5 [TGR5]), and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CYSLTR) 1 are G‐protein‐coupled receptors activated by bile acids and leukotrienes, exerting opposite effects on cell‐to‐cell adhesion, inflammation, and immune cell activation. To investigate whether GPBAR1 and CYSLTR1 mutually interact in the development of DILI, we developed an orally active small molecule, CHIN117, that functions as a GPBAR1 agonist and CYSLTR1 antagonist.

Approach and Results:
RNA‐sequencing analysis of liver explants showed that acetaminophen (APAP) intoxication positively modulates the leukotriene pathway, CYSLTR1, 5‐lipoxygenase, and 5‐lipoxygenase activating protein, whereas GPBAR1 gene expression was unchanged. In mice, acute liver injury induced by orally dosing APAP (500 mg/kg) was severely exacerbated by Gpbar1 gene ablation and attenuated by anti‐Cysltr1 small interfering RNA pretreatment. Therapeutic dosing of wild‐type mice with CHIN117 reversed the liver damage caused by APAP and modulated up to 1300 genes, including 38 chemokines and receptors, that were not shared by dosing mice with a selective GPBAR1 agonist or CYSLTR1 antagonist. Coexpression of the two receptors was detected in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), monocytes, and Kupffer cells, whereas combinatorial modulation of CYSLTR1 and GPBAR1 potently reversed LSEC/monocyte interactions. CHIN117 reversed liver damage and liver fibrosis in mice administered CCl4.

Conclusions:
By genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated that GPBAR1 and CYSLTR1 mutually interact in the development of DILI. A combinatorial approach designed to activate GPBAR1 while inhibiting CYSLTR1 reverses liver injury in models of DILI.
IPGA: A handy integrated prokaryotes genome and pan‐genome analysis web service
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Zhang Yifei , Fan Guomei , Sun Dingzhong , Zhang Xingjiao , Yu Zhengfei , Wang Jinfeng , Wu Linhuan , Shi Wenyu , Ma Juncai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPan‐genomics is one of the most powerful means to study genomic variation and obtain a sketch of genes within a defined clade of species. Though there are a lot of computational tools to achieve this, an integrated framework to evaluate their performance and offer the best choice to users has never been achieved. To ease the process of large‐scale prokaryotic genome analysis, we introduce Integrated Prokaryotes Genome and pan‐genome Analysis (IPGA), a one‐stop web service to analyze, compare, and visualize pan‐genome as well as individual genomes, that rids users of installing any specific tools. IPGA features a scoring system that helps users to evaluate the reliability of pan‐genome profiles generated by different packages. Thus, IPGA can help users ascertain the profiling method that is most suitable for their data set for the following analysis. In addition, IPGA integrates several downstream comparative analysis and genome analysis modules to make users achieve diverse targets.