bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of treatment discontinuation and psychiatric hospitalization associated with early dose reduction of antipsychotic treatment in first‐episode schizophrenia: A nationwide, health insurance data–based study
Authors: Joo Sung Woo , Kim Harin , Jo Young Tak , Ahn Soojin , Choi Young Jae , Choi Woohyeok , Park Soyeon , Lee Jungsun 
Published: March 2022

AimWe investigated the impact of early dose reduction of antipsychotic treatment on the risk of treatment discontinuation and psychiatric hospitalization in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia (FES).MethodsThe Health Insurance Review Agency database in South Korea was used to include 16 153 patients with FES. At 6 months from their diagnosis, the patients were categorized by the magnitude of dose reduction (no reduction, 0%–50%, and >50%). With a reference of no reduction, the risk of treatment discontinuation and psychiatric hospitalization associated with dose reduction in the 1‐year follow‐up period after the first 6 months was examined with a Cox proportional hazard ratio model stratified by the mean daily olanzapine‐equivalent dose in the first 3 months (<10, 10 to 20, >20 mg/day).ResultsA >50% dose reduction was associated with an increased risk of treatment discontinuation in all subgroups (<10 mg/day: hazard ratio [HR] =1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.24–1.67 [P <0.01]; 10–20 mg/day: HR =1.60, 95% CI =1.37–1.86 [P <0.01]; and >20 mg/day: HR =1.62, 95% CI =1.37–1.91 [P <0.01]). In the subgroup taking <10 mg/day, an association of 0%–50% dose reduction with an increased risk of treatment discontinuation was observed (HR =1.20, 95% CI =1.09–1.31; P <0.01). A > 50% dose reduction was associated with increased risk of psychiatric hospitalization only in the subgroup taking <10 mg/day (HR =1.48, 95% CI =1.21–1.80; P <0.01).ConclusionsOur results suggest that an above certain dose of antipsychotic drugs is required to prevent psychiatric hospitalization, and extensive dose reduction of antipsychotic drugs could result in a higher risk of treatment discontinuation.
Atypical functional connectivity during rest and task‐related dynamic alteration in young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An analysis using the phase‐locking value
Authors: Chen I‐Chun , Chang Che‐Lun , Chang Meng‐Han , Ko Li‐Wei 
Published: March 2022

AimThe study investigated the electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity (FC) profiles during rest and tasks of young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typical development (TD).MethodsIn total, 78 children (aged 5–7 years) were enrolled in this study; 43 of them were diagnosed with ADHD and 35 exhibited TD. Four FC metrics, coherence, phase‐locking value (PLV), pairwise phase consistency, and phase lag index, were computed for feature selection to discriminate ADHD from TD.ResultsThe support vector machine classifier trained by phase‐locking value (PLV) features yielded the best performance to differentiate the ADHD from the TD group and was used for further analysis. In comparing PLVs with the TD group at rest, the ADHD group exhibited significantly lower values on left intrahemispheric long interelectrode lower‐alpha and beta as well as frontal interhemispheric beta frequency bands. However, the ADHD group showed higher values of central interhemispheric PLVs on the theta, higher‐alpha, and beta bands. Regarding PLV alterations within resting and task conditions, left intrahemispheric long interelectrode beta PLVs declined from rest to task in the TD group, but the alterations did not differ in the ADHD group. Negative correlations were observed between frontal interhemispheric beta PLVs and the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale as rated by teachers.ConclusionsThese results, which complement the findings of other sparse studies that have investigated task‐related brain FC dynamics, particularly in young children with ADHD, can provide clinicians with significant and interpretable neural biomarkers for facilitating the diagnosis of ADHD.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Effect of Annular Combustor Design on Thermal Uniformity Jet in Crossflow
Authors: Selim Osama M. , Al Hamad Saif , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Non-uniformity of the exit flow temperature represents one of the significant damages to gas-turbine components, particularly turbine blades. This may occur in the course of gas-turbine operation. This paper aims to provide passive techniques by modifying the combustor design rather than changing the flow parameters to improve the thermal uniformity and turbine blades to reduce thermal stresses and increase turbine blades’ life span. An acceptable agreement between the numerical and experimental results has been achieved, and the agreement includes the velocity and temperature profile. Four different angles have been tested numerically and experimentally with a maximum error of 5% at two different Reynolds numbers. Designing the outer combustor surface with a 45-deg angle bend can give a more uniform temperature distribution of 37% higher than the basic design with only a 0.5% higher pressure drop.
Methanol/Ethanol/Butanol-Gasoline Blends Use in Transportation Engine—Part 1: Combustion, Emissions, and Performance Study
Authors: Singh Akhilendra Pratap , Sonawane Utkarsha , Agarwal Avinash Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Primary alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol have exhibited excellent potential as possible alternative fuels for spark ignition (SI) engines because they are renewable, cleaner, and safer to store and transport. However, it is important to investigate the technical feasibility of adapting these primary alcohols in existing SI engines. In this research, a multi-point port fuel injection (MPFI) system equipped SI engine was used for assessing and comparing the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of various alcohol-gasoline blends (gasohols) vis-à-vis baseline gasoline. The experiments were performed at different engine loads at rated engine speed. Experimental results exhibited relatively superior combustion characteristics of the engine fueled with gasohol than the baseline gasoline, especially at medium engine loads. Among different test fuels, the methanol-gasoline blend (GM10) exhibited relatively more stable combustion characteristics than the ethanol-gasoline blend (GE10) and butanol-gasoline blend (GB10). In this study, relatively superior engine performance of the gasohol-fueled engine was observed at all engine loads and speeds. GB10 exhibited the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE), followed by GM10 amongst all test fuels. The effect of improved combustion was also reflected in the emission characteristics, which exhibited that GB10 emitted relatively lower carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) than other test fuels. GB10 emitted relatively higher nitrogen oxides (NOx) than GM10 and GE10. Unregulated emission results exhibited that the engine fueled with gasohols emitted relatively lower sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), and various other saturated and unsaturated HCs than the baseline gasoline. The GM10-fueled engine was relatively more effective in reducing unregulated emissions among all test fuels. This study concluded that methanol and butanol blending with gasoline resulted in superior engine performance and reduced harmful emissions in MPFI transport engines. This offered an excellent option to displace fossil fuels partially and reduce emissions simultaneously.
Timing of Preexercise Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Promote Jump Performance
Authors: Partridge Emily M. , Cooke Julie , McKune Andrew J. , Pyne David B. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:This study evaluated the effect of partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) exposure 1, 2, or 3 hours before maximal-effort jump performance, salivary enzyme concentration, perceived readiness, and well-being.Methods:Male team-sport players (N = 27; 24.2 [3.6] y; 91.5 [13.2] kg) were exposed to a blinded bout of PBC (−135°C [6°C]) and control (−59°C [17°C]) either 1, 2, or 3 hours prior to countermovement jumps. Passive saliva samples were collected to determine α-amylase concentration. Self-reported performance readiness and well-being questionnaires were completed using a 1–5 Likert scale.Results:Differences in the change in mean countermovement jump velocity and absolute power between PBC and control were unclear at 1 hour (+1.9% [5.3%],P = .149; +0.7% [10.6%],P = .919; mean difference [90% confidence limits]), 2 hours (+3.3% [2.7%],P = .196; +7.8% [7.4%],P = .169), and 3 hours postexposure (+3.1% [3.3%],P = .467; +0.7% [4.8%],P = .327). Salivary α-amylase concentration was elevated 15 minutes postexposure in the 1-hour (+61% [14%],P = .008) and 2-hour groups (+55% [12%],P = .013). The increase in self-reported performance readiness was higher after PBC (+2.4 [1.2] units,P = .046) in the 2-hour group and by 1.4 (1.1) units (P = .023) after 3 hours. Mental fatigue was favorably decreased 2 hours after PBC exposure (+0.5 [0.1],P = .041).Conclusions:An acute exposure of PBC elicits potentially favorable but unclear changes in countermovement jump performance. The PBC enhances salivary α-amylase concentration and perceived performance readiness, reduces mental fatigue, and could be useful in sport-specific training or competitions.
Two-year neurodevelopmental outcome in children born extremely preterm: the EPI-DAF study
Authors: van Beek Pauline E , Rijken Monique , Broeders Lisa , ter Horst Hendrik J , Koopman-Esseboom Corine , de Kort Ellen , Laarman Céleste , Mulder-de Tollenaer Susanne M , Steiner Katerina , Swarte Renate MC , van Westering-Kroon Elke , Oei S Guid , Leemhuis Aleid G , Andriessen Peter 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveIn 2010, the Dutch practice regarding initiation of active treatment in extremely preterm infants was lowered from 25 completed weeks’ to 24 completed weeks’ gestation. The nationwide Extremely Preterm Infants – Dutch Analysis on Follow-up Study was set up to provide up-to-date data on neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years’ corrected age (CA) after this guideline change.Design:National cohort study.PatientsAll live born infants between 240/7weeks’ and 266/7weeks’ gestational age who were 2 years’ CA in 2018–2020.Main outcome measureImpairment at 2 years’ CA, based on cognitive score (Bayley-III-NL), neurological examination and neurosensory function.Results651 of 991 live born infants (66%) survived to 2 years’ CA, with data available for 554 (85%). Overall, 62% had no impairment, 29% mild impairment and 9% moderate-to-severe impairment (further defined as neurodevelopmental impairment, NDI). The percentage of survivors with NDI was comparable for infants born at 24 weeks’, 25 weeks’ and 26 weeks’ gestation. After multivariable analysis, severe brain injury and low maternal education were associated with higher odds on NDI. NDI-free survival was 48%, 67% and 75% in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)-admitted infants at 24, 25 and 26 weeks’ gestation, respectively.ConclusionsLowering the threshold has not been accompanied by a large increase in moderate-to-severely impaired infants. Among live-born and NICU-admitted infants, an increase in NDI-free survival was observed from 24 weeks’ to 26 weeks’ gestation. This description of a national cohort with high follow-up rates gives an accurate description of the range of outcomes that may occur after extremely preterm birth.
Global impact of COVID-19 on newborn screening programmes
Authors: Koracin Vanesa , Loeber J Gerard , Mlinaric Matej , Battelino Tadej , Bonham James R , Groselj Urh 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe global COVID-19 pandemic has presented extraordinary disruption to healthcare services and exposed them to numerous challenges. Newborn screening (NBS) programmes were also affected; however, scarce data exist on the impact of COVID-19 on NBS.MethodsWe conducted an international survey to assess the global impact of COVID-19 on NBS, with the main aim of gathering the experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic from a large and representative number of NBS centres worldwide.ResultsThe results of our study showed that COVID-19 impacted the NBS programmes, at least partially, in 29 out of 38 responding countries. Majority of the screening centres experienced a broad spectrum of difficulties and most were affected more in the second wave of the pandemic. Delays and unreliability with the postal service as well as flight cancellations caused delays in samples arriving to screening centres and with the provision of laboratory equipment and reagents. The availability of laboratory staff was sometimes reduced due to infection, quarantine or reassignment within the healthcare facility. Sample collection at home, second-tier tests and follow-up were also affected. Social restrictions and interruptions in public transport added to these difficulties. Only a limited number of centres managed to retain a fully functioning NBS programme.ConclusionAs the pandemic might continue or could recur in future years, it would be useful to develop guidelines to protect these valuable services.
Routine lung volume recruitment in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Katz Sherri L , Mah Jean K , McMillan Hugh J , Campbell Craig , Bijelić Vid , Barrowman Nick , Momoli Franco , Blinder Henrietta , Aaron Shawn D , McAdam Laura C , Nguyen The Thanh Diem , Tarnopolsky Mark , Wensley David F , Zielinski David , Rose Louise , Sheers Nicole , Berlowitz David J , Wolfe Lisa , McKim Doug 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundImpaired cough results in airway secretion retention, atelectasis and pneumonia in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Lung volume recruitment (LVR) stacks breaths to inflate the lungs to greater volumes than spontaneous effort. LVR is recommended in DMD clinical care guidelines but is not well studied. We aimed to determine whether twice-daily LVR, compared with standard of care alone, attenuates the decline in FVC at 2 years in boys with DMD.MethodsIn this multicentre, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial, boys with DMD, aged 6–16 years with FVC >30% predicted, were randomised to receive conventional treatment or conventional treatment plus manual LVR twice daily for 2 years. The primary outcome was FVC % predicted at 2 years, adjusted for baseline FVC % predicted, age and ambulatory status. Secondary outcomes included change in chest wall distensibility (maximal insufflation capacity minus FVC) and peak cough flow.ResultsSixty-six boys (36 in LVR group, 30 in control) were evaluated (median age (IQR): 11.5 years (9.5–13.5), median baseline FVC (IQR): 85% predicted (73–96)). Adjusted mean difference in FVC between groups at 2 years was 1.9% predicted (95% CI −6.9% to 10.7%; p=0.68) in the direction of treatment benefit. We found no differences in secondary outcomes.ConclusionThere was no difference in decline in FVC % predicted with use of twice-daily LVR for boys with DMD and relatively normal lung function. The burden associated with routine LVR may outweigh the benefit. Benefits of LVR to maintain lung health in boys with worse baseline lung function still need to be clarified.Trial registration numberNCT01999075.
Analysis of accretion disk around a black hole in dRGT massive gravity
Authors: Kazempour Sobhan , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Akbarieh Amin Rezaei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show the analysis of a thin accretion disk around a static and spherically symmetric black hole in dRGT massive gravity. We present the accretion disk analysis in a gravitational theory with a nonzero graviton mass. Also, we study the event horizons of the black hole and we calculate the equations of motion and effective potential. In the following, we obtain the specific energy, specific angular momentum, and angular velocity of the particles which move in circular orbits. In addition, we plot the effective potentials for two cases and we show the locations of stable circular orbits. At last, we show the possibility of constraining the parameter space of dRGT massive gravity by the astrophysical gamma-ray bursts.
The Late Ordovician Tafilalt Biota, Anti-Atlas, Morocco: a high-latitude perspective on the GOBE
Authors: Lefebvre Bertrand , Van Roy Peter , Zamora Samuel , Gutiérrez-Marco Juan Carlos , Nohejlová Martina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The extensive, predominantly siliciclastic deposits of the Upper Ordovician of the Tafilalt have long been the subject of scientific investigation. In the past 25 years, intensified collecting for commercial purposes has resulted in the discovery of several exceptionally-preserved faunas (Konservat-Lagerstätten) in the Tafilalt region, preserving a range of non-biomineralized and soft-bodied organisms. The preservation of these fossils in the coarse clastic sediments of the Tafilalt is surprising, and in the case of soft-bodied organisms, remarkably similar to the preservational mode of typical Ediacaran biotas. These relatively recent discoveries have increased the scientific significance of the Tafilalt Biota, providing an unparalleled insight into the composition and temporal evolution of the shallow, open-marine ecosystems and their denizens during the later stages of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. At least nine different phyla, in addition to several soft-bodied problematica are represented in the Tafilalt. While the highly diverse and remarkably well-preserved echinoderm and euarthropod faunas are most emblematic for the Tafilalt Biota, further studies have revealed a relatively high diversity of molluscs and brachiopods. Among soft-bodied fossils, the problematic paropsonemid eldonids are iconic for the Tafilalt and stand out both through their abundance, and their wide temporal and geographical range throughout the area.
DYRK1B-STAT3 Drives Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure by Impairing Mitochondrial Bioenergetics
Authors: Zhuang Lingfang , Jia Kangni , Chen Chen , Li Zhigang , Zhao Jiaxin , Hu Jian , Zhang Hang , Fan Qin , Huang Chunkai , Xie Hongyang , Lu Lin , Shen Weifeng , Ning Guang , Wang Jiqiu , Zhang Ruiyan , Chen Kang , Yan Xiaoxiang 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Heart failure is a global public health issue that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays critical roles in the progression of heart failure; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Because kinases have been reported to modulate mitochondrial function, we investigated the effects of DYRK1B (dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1B) on mitochondrial bioenergetics, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure.

Methods:
We engineered DYRK1B transgenic and knockout mice and used transverse aortic constriction to produce an in vivo model of cardiac hypertrophy. The effects of DYRK1B and its downstream mediators were subsequently elucidated using RNA-sequencing analysis and mitochondrial functional analysis.

Results:
We found that DYRK1B expression was clearly upregulated in failing human myocardium and in hypertrophic murine hearts, as well. Cardiac-specific DYRK1B overexpression resulted in cardiac dysfunction accompanied by a decline in the left ventricular ejection fraction, fraction shortening, and increased cardiac fibrosis. In striking contrast to DYRK1B overexpression, the deletion of DYRK1B mitigated transverse aortic constriction–induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Mechanistically, DYRK1B was positively associated with impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics by directly binding with STAT3 to increase its phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation, ultimately contributing toward the downregulation of PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α). Furthermore, the inhibition of DYRK1B or STAT3 activity using specific inhibitors was able to restore cardiac performance by rejuvenating mitochondrial bioenergetics.

Conclusions:
Taken together, the findings of this study provide new insights into the previously unrecognized role of DYRK1B in mitochondrial bioenergetics and the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Consequently, these findings may provide new therapeutic options for patients with heart failure.
Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults at Primary Care Visits: VITAL-AF Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lubitz Steven A. , Atlas Steven J. , Ashburner Jeffrey M. , Lipsanopoulos Ana T. Trisini , Borowsky Leila H. , Guan Wyliena , Khurshid Shaan , Ellinor Patrick T. , Chang Yuchiao , McManus David D. , Singer Daniel E. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) may cause preventable strokes. Guidelines differ regarding AF screening recommendations. We tested whether point-of-care screening with a handheld single-lead ECG at primary care practice visits increases diagnoses of AF.

Methods:
We randomized 16 primary care clinics 1:1 to AF screening using a handheld single-lead ECG (AliveCor KardiaMobile) during vital sign assessments, or usual care. Patients included were ages ≥65 years. Screening results were provided to primary care clinicians at the encounter. All confirmatory diagnostic testing and treatment decisions were made by the primary care clinician. New AF diagnoses during the 1-year follow-up were ascertained electronically and manually adjudicated. Proportions and incidence rates were calculated. Effect heterogeneity was assessed.

Results:

Of 30 715 patients without prevalent AF (n=15 393 screening [91% screened], n=15 322 control), 1.72% of individuals in the screening group had new AF diagnosed at 1 year versus 1.59% in the control group (risk difference, 0.13% [95% CI, –0.16 to 0.42];
P
=0.38). In prespecified subgroup analyses, new AF diagnoses in the screening and control groups were greater among those aged ≥85 years (5.56% versus 3.76%, respectively; risk difference, 1.80% [95% CI, 0.18 to 3.30]). The difference in newly diagnosed AF between the screening period and the previous year was marginally greater in the screening versus control group (0.32% versus –0.12%; risk difference, 0.43% [95% CI, –0.01 to 0.84]). The proportion of individuals with newly diagnosed AF who were initiated on oral anticoagulants was not different in the screening (n=194, 73.5%) and control (n=172, 70.8%) arms (risk difference, 2.7% [95% CI, –5.5 to 10.4]).

Conclusions:
Screening for AF using a single-lead ECG at primary care visits did not affect new AF diagnoses among all individuals aged 65 years or older compared with usual care.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03515057.