bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations between serum magnesium and metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome indicators in women with endometrial carcinoma.
Authors: Liu Zesi , Jing Chunli , Yang Hongxia , Kong Fandou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum magnesium and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and serum metabolic parameters in endometrial cancer (EC) patients.Patients and methods: A retrospective study was designed to collect medical records of 291 patients diagnosed with EC from July 2016 to May 2021. Independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square test were used to compare whether the clinical characteristics of EC patients were statistically different across groups. Correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis were performed to determine whether there was a relationship between serum magnesium and the incidence of MetS and its components in EC patients.Results: Serum magnesium concentration was lower in postmenopausal patients (0.94±0.08 vs. 0.91±0.07; p=0.018) or patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (0.90±0.09 vs. 0.93±0.07; p=0.005). EC patients with hypomagnesemia had a higher BMI (25.10±4.31 vs. 24.41±3.93 vs. 24.33±3.12; p=0.014) and a higher prevalence of DM (55.6% vs. 22.5% vs. 20.7%; p=0.006) and higher TG (2.29±2.95 vs 1.62±0.91 vs 1.47±0.60; p=0.046) than the other groups. The correlation between the number of MetS criteria patients met and serum magnesium concentration was calculated and there is negative correlation between them (r=-0.201; p<0.001). Significant negative correlations were also found between total serum magnesium and TG (r=-0.147; p=0.025), large waist circumference (LWC) (r=-0.133; p=0.023) and the incidence of MetS in EC patients (r=-0.101; p=0.013) after adjusting for multiple variables.Conclusions: In patients with EC, during the period of treatment, supplementation with magnesium may improve the prognosis outcome. Serum magnesium may also be a novel parameter when investigating the effect of MetS on EC.
Assessing the robustness of composite indicators: The case of the Global Innovation Index
Authors: AlQararah Khatab 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This research paper introduces a methodology to assess the robustness of the Global Innovation Index (GII), by comparing the rankings provided in it with those achieved using alternative data-driven methodologies such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). With it, the paper aims to reduce the level of subjectivity in the construction of composite indicators with regard to weight generation and indicator aggregation. The paper relies on PCA as a weighting-aggregation scheme to reproduce the 21 sub-pillars of the GII before the application of DEA to calculate the relative efficiency score for every country. By using the PCA-DEA model, a final ranking is produced for all countries. The paper uses Random Forests (RF) classification to examine the robustness of the new rank. The comparison between the new rank and that of the GII suggests that the countries positioned at the top or the bottom of the GII rank are less sensitive toward the modification than those in the middle of the GII, the rank of which is not robust against the modification of the construction method. The PCA-DEA model introduced in this paper provides policymakers with an effective tool to monitor the performance of national innovation policies from the perspective of their relative efficiency. Ultimately, this would enhance the innovation performance of their respective countries.
Determination of Some Heavy Metals (Cadmium and Lead) in The Blood of Wild Birds
Authors: TEMAMOGULLARI Fusun , EKTIREN Resat , GARIP Zozan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is known that the pollution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) negatively affects human and animal health in ecosystems. Birds are the bioindicators in the determination of environmental pollution. The present study is the first attempt to determine the pollution of Cd and Pb using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) device in the blood samples (n=40) collected from seventeen wild bird species recorded in Turkey: Common buzzard ( Buteo buteo ) ; Eagle-owl ( Bubo bubo ) ; Barn owl ( Tyto alba ) ; Long-eared owl ( Asio otus ) ; Little owl ( Athene noctua ) ; Marsh harrier ( Circus aeruginosus ) ; Black-crowned night heron ( Nycticorax nycticorax ) ; Sparrowhawk ( Accipiter nisus ) ; Black kite ( Milvus migrans ) ; White stork ( Ciconia ciconia ) ; Common kestrel ( Falco tinnunculus ) ; Booted eagle ( Hieraaetus pennatus ) ; Grey Heron ( Ardea cinerea ) ; Common moorhen ( Gallinula chloropus ) ; Griffon vulture ( Gyps fulvus ) ; Golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ) ; and Common crane ( Grus grus ). In the study, the highest Pb concentration (509.58±0.29 ppb) was detected in the blood sample of the Golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ). It was found that the Pb concentration of Golden Eagle was over 150 ppb, which has been determined as the threshold value of lead poisoning for birds. The Pb concentrations in the blood samples of other wild birds were less than the threshold value for poisoning (150 ppb). In the present study, the non-detection of Cd in the blood of wild birds. The results of this first study conducted on seventeen wild bird species in Turkey revealed no heavy metal pollution (Cd and Pb) in wild birds except for one blood sample.
Morphological features and development dynamics of retinal vessels in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Wang Qiong , Xu Yinsheng , Liu Shuai , Yang Yan , Lu Yu , Cai Yuan , Sun Mingzhai , Liu Hui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To study the difference in retinal vascular morphology and the developmental dynamics between preterm infants with and without Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP).Methods: 226 preterm infants with ROP and 928 preterm infants without ROP were studied. We developed a deep learning-based method to evaluate the vascular morphological features automatically. Stepwise regression analysis was applied to analyze the differences in the retinal vascular morphology between the two groups. Furthermore, analysis of covariance was used to analyze the differences in vascular development dynamics between preterm infants with ROP and without ROP.Results: Vascular tortuosity, caliber, and branch angle in preterm infants with ROP were significantly higher than those without ROP. Furthermore, preterm infants' vascular density with ROP increased significantly slower with gestational age than preterm infants without ROP.Conclusion: ROP is a disease closely associated with the vessels in the posterior pole region of retinal. Vascular morphology of preterm infants with ROP is significantly different from that of preterm infants without ROP. The density, which could reflect the proliferation of the vessels, develops significantly slower in preterm infants with ROP. The findings could provide insights into the pathogenesis of ROP.
Hilbert’s First Problem and the New Progress of Infinity Theory
Authors: Wang Xijia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the 19th century, Cantor created the infinite cardinal number theory based on the "1-1 correspondence" principle. The continuum hypothesis is proposed under this theoretical framework. In 1900, Hilbert made it the first problem in his famous speech on mathematical problems, which shows the importance of this question. We know that the infinitesimal problem triggered the second mathematical crisis in the 17-18th centuries. The Infinity problem is no less important than the infinitesimal problem. In the 21st century, Sergeyev introduced the Grossone method from the principle of "whole is greater than part", and created another ruler for measuring infinite sets. Grossone theory shows that there is neither the largest infinity and infinitesimal, nor the smallest infinity and infinitesimal.
Comparison of urban stormwater plant biofilter designs for nutrient and metal removal in South Africa
Authors: Jacklin D. M. , Brink I. C. , Jacobs S. M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of six plant biofilter designs for urban stormwater quality improvement and reports on their performances. Thirty-six columns were populated with the endemic South African plant Prionium serratum, representing plant biofilter designs that incorporate different pollutant removal mechanisms in the biofiltration process. The experimental biofilter columns were subjected to low, typically observed and high urban nutrient and metal synthetic stormwater pollution for five months. Significant loads of NH3-N and dissolved Cd, Pb and Zn were removed, whereas removal of -N, -P and dissolved Cu was more variable. The most efficient design was found to include standard plant biofiltration techniques with upflow filtration, plenum aeration and a saturated zone supporting anaerobic microbial activity. It was found that the most efficient design removed on average 96% of urban stormwater nutrient and metal loads.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hydroxypropyl Ester of Mefenamic
Acid as a Promising Prodrug
Authors: Jarrar Qais , Ayoub Rami , Moshawih Said , Jarrar Yazun , Jilani Jamal 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The free carboxylic acid group in the mefenamic acid (MFA) structure plays a
potential role in developing various neuromuscular side effects after MFA administration. In this study,
the hydroxypropyl promoiety was added to the carboxylic acid group of MFA in an attempt to reduce the
neuromuscular side effects of MFA and improve its therapeutic effects.

Methods:
Hydroxypropylester of MFA (HPEMA) was synthesized and subjected to various in vivo investigations
compared to MFA. The neuromuscular toxicity was conducted following high doses administration
in mice and was evaluated at various measuring parameters, such as the percentage of catalepsy,
clonic-tonic seizure, and death. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of HPEMA
were evaluated in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test and acetic acid-induced writhing test, respectively.

Results:
The findings of this study reveal that the percentage of catalepsy, clonic-tonic seizure, and death
is significantly lower in mice treated with HPEMA than in those treated with equimolar doses of MFA. In
addition, treatment with HPEMA caused a comparable anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenaninduced
paw edema test and a significantly higher anti-nociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing
test than the MFA treatment.

Conclusion:
This study’s findings suggest that HPEMA is a promising prodrug for MFA.
State of the Art in Industrial Application of Amino-1,2,4-Triazoles
Authors: Nazarov Valerii , Miroshnichenko Denis , Ivakh Oleksandra , Pyshyev Serhiy , Korchak Bohdan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:The review summarizes information on the industrial use of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles, the basic raw material for the industry of fine organic synthesis. A description of the existing production methods for the synthesis of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and some methods of obtaining in laboratory conditions is given. Three main areas of use of these amines and their derivatives have been identified: agriculture, medicine, high-energy substances and gas-generating compositions. It has been shown that one of the earliest areas of widespread use of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles is the production of plant protection products. On their basis, the mass production of various insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, retardants and inhibitors of nitrification of nitrogen fertilizers has been organized. The use of these amines in medicine consists in the production of known drugs on their basis, such as furazonal, thiotriazoline and cardiotril, which have hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-ischemic activity. The industrial processing of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles into explosives, solid propellants, propellants, and gas-generating compositions is a third well-known field of application. An explanation is given for the high reactivity of amines and the variety of areas of their use. A significant place in the review is occupied by the analysis of less known directions of use of the indicated aminotriazoles. These are: obtaining new types of salts and electrically conductive ionic liquids, corrosion inhibitors of non-ferrous metals and catalysts for the curing of epoxy resins. The results of recent studies are discussed, and the prospects for the use of 3- and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles as raw materials for the production of new reagents in analytical chemistry, proton-exchange membranes, and new condensed nitrogen-containing heterocycles are shown.
Odyssey of Deep Eutectic Solvents as Sustainable Media for Multicomponent Reactions: An Update
Authors: Chaudhary Ankita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are frequently defined as binary or ternary mixtures of compounds that are able to associate mainly via hydrogen bonds. As the interest in green sustainable solvent’s spread over the entire scientific community, DESs find applications as alternative solvents and/or catalysts for organic transformations. Advantages such as easy reproducible preparation, low cost, environmentally benign nature, wide liquid range, excellent thermal stability, negligible vapour pressure, recyclability, and tunable properties render DESs as a sustainable candidate of catalyst/solvent for futuristic transformations involving multicomponent strategy. In view of the escalating demand for green synthetic approaches, this paper retrospects the advances made in the application of DES in multicomponent reactions since 2018.
Reinventing Plantain as a Functional Food: A Processing Based Approach
Authors: Rasane Prasad , Arora Mehak , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Bakshi Manish , Kaur Jaspreet 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Plantains are termed as ‘culinary bananas’ due to the fact that they are only consumed
after cooking or other forms of processing. Providing good nutritional value and versatility in diet,
it is considered an important commercial crop and an efficient dietary staple in Africa. However,
irrespective of geographical locations and economic status of diverse ethnic groups, plantains
are consumed extensively due to their easy availability and preparation. They are prepared
and consumed in numerous forms between the green and yellow stages of maturity and ripeness.
The nutritional composition of plantains provides several health benefits and therapeutic applications,
making it preferable for consumption. They are processed for the further development of a
variety of products like biscuits, baby foods, bread, etc. The present review aims to enlist various
traditional dishes and the value-added products prepared from plantains after processing. It also
highlights other diverse uses of plantain where all the parts of the crop are functional and demonstrate
its potential in future scope.
A Concise Review on Tyrosine Kinase Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shah Ashish , Patel Chhagan , Parmar Ghanshaym , Patel Ashish , Jain Manav 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The tyrosine kinase (TK) family is considered one of the important family members of the kinase family due to its important role in various cellular processes like cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, etc. Mutation, overexpression, and dysfunction of tyrosine kinase receptors lead to the development of malignancy; thus, they are considered as one of the important targets for the development of anti-cancer molecules. The tyrosine kinase family is majorly divided into two classes; receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Both of the classes have an important role in the development of tumour cells. Currently, there are more than 40 FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are used in the treatment of various types of cancers. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors mainly block the phosphorylation of tyrosine residue of the corresponding kinase substrate and so activation of downstream signalling pathways can be inhibited. The promising results of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in solid tumours provide a revolution in oncology research. In this article, we had summarized the role of some important members of the tyrosine kinase family in the development and progression of tumour cells and the significance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of various types of cancer.
Emerging Therapeutic Role of Chondroitinase (ChABC) in Neurological
Disorders and Cancer
Authors: Kolathur Kiran Kumar , Kumar Akshara , Biswas Aishi , Bojja Sree Lalitha , Volety Subrahmanyam M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Proteoglycans are essential biomacromolecules that participate in matrix structure and organization,
cell proliferation and migration, and cell surface signal transduction. However, their roles
in physiology, particularly in CNS, remain incompletely deciphered. Numerous studies highlight the
elevated levels of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in various diseases, like cancers, and
neurological disorders, like spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases,
and are mainly implicated to hinder tissue repair. In such a context, chondroitinase ABC
(ChABC), a therapeutic enzyme, has shown immense hope to treat these diseases in several preclinical
studies, primarily attributed to the digestion of the side chains of the proteoglycan chondroitin sulphate
(CS) molecule. Despite extensive research, the progress in evolution of the concept of therapeutic
targeting of proteoglycans is still in its infancy. This review thus provides fresh insights into the
emerging therapeutic applications of ChABC in various diseases apart from SCI and the underlying
mechanisms.
Promising Novel Biomarkers and Candidate Drugs or Herbs in Osteoarthritis:
Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis of High‐throughput Data
Authors: Qiao Linghui , Han Jie , Wang Guancheng , Yuan Tao , Gu Yanglin 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The most common joint illness is osteoarthritis (OA). The goal of this study
was to find changes in gene signatures between normal knee joints and OA tissue samples and look for
prospective gene targets for OA.

Methods:
The gene expression profiles of GSE12021, GSE51588, and GSE55457 were downloaded
from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). A total of 64 samples (40 OA and 24 standard control samples)
were used. The limma program was used to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OA versus
NC. Functional annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction of OA-specific
DEGs were performed. Finally, the candidate drugs and herbs as potential drugs to treat OA were predicted
in the DGIdb and TCMIO databases.

Results:
A total of 19 upregulated and 27 downregulated DEGs between OA and NC samples were
identified. DEGs, such as PTN, COMP, NELL1, and MN1, have shown a significant correlation with
OA and are expected to become new biomarkers. Cellular senescence, positive regulation of ossification,
and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly enriched for OA‐specific DEGs.
In cell composition analysis, DEGs were also found to be highly enriched in the cytosol. We identified a
total of 68 types of drugs or molecular compounds that are promising to reverse OA-related DEGs.
Honeycomb and cinnamon oil have the possibility of treating OA.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest new biomarkers that can be used to diagnose OA. Furthermore, we
tried to find drugs and traditional Chinese medicine that may improve the progress of OA. This research
may improve the identification and treatment of these uncontrollable chronic diseases.
The Impact of Bioactive Compounds Derived from Marine Fish on Cancer
Authors: Mirunalini S. , Maruthanila V.L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Cancer persists as the world's leading cause of mortality, thereby making it a compelling condition to research and potentially develop prevention options. Anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy are becoming highly futile and tend to have achieved a clinical deficit, due to massive side effects, toxicities, and limited specificity. Anticancer agents from natural sources, such as aquatic fishes, terrestrial mammals, animal venoms, and amphibians, have mainly been focused on in recent researches. Edible marine fishes contain high contents of fatty acids, vitamins, and proteins, also having bioactive compounds. Fish derivatives are naturally having the potential to target cancer cells while being less hazardous to normal tissues, making them a better choice for cancer prevention and therapy. In this review, we mainly focused on the bioactive compounds identified from marine fishes which have significant biological properties including anticancer effects, also discuss the mechanism of action.
The Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection on the Drug-
Metabolizing Enzymes Cytochrome P450s
Authors: Elfaki Imadeldin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Coronaviruses cause disease in humans and animals. In 2019 a novel coronavirus was
first characterized in Wuhan, China causing acute respiratory disease and designating the severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19. The COVID-19 spread to
all cities of China and in 2020 to the whole world. Patients with COVID-19 may recover without
medical treatment. However, some patients need medical care. The Cytochrome p450s (CYP450s)
are a large superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of endogenous substrates and
xenobiotics. CYP450s catalyze the biotransformation of 80% of the drug in clinical use. The
CYP450 is present in liver, lungs, intestine and other tissues. COVID-19 has been reported to decrease
the activity of certain isoforms of CYP450s in an isoform specific manner. Furthermore, the
COVID-19 infection decreases the liver functions including the drug clearance or detoxification
medicated by the CYP450s. The healthcare providers should be aware of this disease-drug interaction
when prescribing drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and other comorbidities.
Preparation and Characterization of Stattic-Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles
for Antimetastatic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kwa Yee Chu , Anasamy Theebaa , Foo Yiing Yee , Leo Bey Fen , Chung Ivy , Kiew Lik Voon , Chung Lip Yong 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Stattic offers a unique inhibitory effect on the STAT3 signaling pathway, a crucial mechanism in the progression of metastatic cancer. However, the development of Stattic has been impeded by its hydrophobicity and lack of specificity. To overcome these limitations, encapsulation of Stattic with polymeric micelles was previously attempted, which led to a significant increase in the potency of Stattic on breast cancer cell lines. The presence of albumin was believed to contribute to such enhancement, as the protein corona layer formation helps to retain the micellar structure before eventual uptake by the cells. Moreover, a previous study had reported the unique affinity of Stattic towards albumin molecule.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the integration of Stattic in albumin-based nanoparticles and to assess the in vitro effects.

Method:
Albumin/Stattic nanoparticles were prepared by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde.

Results:
The yielded nanoparticles were 150.0 ± 6.6 nm in size, with ~53% entrapment efficiency. The cumulative release of Stattic in a tumoric acidic environment (pH 5.3; 59%) was 2.6-fold more than neutral environment (pH 7.4; 23%). In blood plasma, 7% cumulative release was observed. The mathematical modeling of the release kinetics revealed that the albumin/Stattic nanoparticles in phosphate buffer saline and plasma followed Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi model, respectively. Among the two cell lines tested, metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells were more sensitive to entrapment of Stattic with albumin nanoparticles, as the IC50 value decreased by 2.5-fold compared to free Stattic.

Conclusion:
This study reports the formation of low immunogenic and cost-efficient albumin nanoparticles to improve the delivery of Stattic.