bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making a Difference: A Review and Auto-Ethnographic Account of Applying Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) in Policing
Authors: Jones J. K. , Turner M. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current article provides a review and auto-ethnographic account of the application of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) in a police setting. After reviewing literature that explores the application of both REBT in policing to date, the focus will then turn to a reflection of the personal experiences of applying the principles of REBT theory in the context of policing. This commentary will highlight the broad applicability of REBT across the many challenging facets of policing. From stress management and resilience enhancement to optimal performance and team cohesion, this article posits that REBT theory provides an accessible foundational framework on which individuals, teams, groups, and systems can perform effectively. The nuanced application of the approach in the face of exposure to traumatic events and cultural challenges within policing will also be discussed.
International migration of researchers and gender imbalance in academia—the case of Norway
Authors: Wendt Kaja , Gunnes Hebe , Aksnes Dag W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFemale representation among students and graduates in higher education is growing internationally. This is a promising trend for achieving gender balance in top positions in academia. But there is still a long way to go, as women accounted for 26 per cent in top positions at European higher education institutions in 2018. In this article, we examine the influence of international recruitment of researchers on the gender balance—or the lack of gender balance—in Norwegian academia. We draw on data from the Norwegian Register of Research personnel, linked with population statistics from Statistics Norway. These data show that 38 per cent of the researchers at Norwegian higher education institutions in 2018 were born abroad. The share of foreign full professors has increased from 16 per cent in 2001 to 27 per cent in 2018, while for postdocs there has been an increase from 31 to 69 per cent. In terms of overall gender composition, a higher percentage of the foreign-born researchers are male compared with the native Norwegians. The incidence of international recruitment differs significantly across academic fields and is particularly prevalent in engineering. This is also the field where the gender balance is most skewed generally. Taking these variables into account, we conclude that international migration is not among the factors contributing to the gender imbalance in Norwegian academia. In fact, international recruitment has contributed positively to the gender balance in Norway in the majority of the fields analysed.
A dual-functional sulfone biscompound containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety for decolorization and disinfection of contaminated water
Authors: Radwan Emad K. , Rashdan Huda R. M. , Hemdan Bahaa A. , Koryam Asmaa A. , El-Naggar Mehrez E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWater decontamination from toxic dyes and pathogenic microorganisms is critical for life on Earth. Herein, we report the synthesis of sulfone biscompound containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety and evaluation of its dye decolorization and biocidal and disinfection efficiencies. The decolorization efficiency was tested under different experimental conditions, while the biocidal action was examined against various types of waterborne pathogens, and the disinfection of some pathogenic microbes was executed in artificially contaminated water. The findindgs illustrated that the solution initial pH (pHi) affected the decolorization efficiency significantly. About complete removal of 10 mg/L malachite green (MG) dye was achieved after 10 min using 3 g/L of the sulfone biscompound at pHi6. The pseudo-second-order equation suited the adsorption kinetics accurately, while the equilibrium data was suited by Langmuir isotherm model. Electrostatic, n–π, and π–π interactions brought about the adsorption of MG onto the sulfone biscompound. The biocidal results indicated that the sulfone biscompound had a powerful antibacterial potential against the tested bacterial species. Likewise, the distinction trail revealed that after 70–90 min of direct contact with an effective dose, the tested pathogens could be completely eliminated (6-log reduction). Overall, the newly synthesized sulfone biscompound can efficiently remove cationic dyes and disinfect contaminated water.
Key challenges and approaches to addressing barriers in forest carbon offset projects
Authors: Pan Chunyu , Shrestha Anil , Innes John L. , Zhou Guomo , Li Nuyun , Li Jinliang , He Yeyun , Sheng Chunguang , Niles John-O. , Wang Guangyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForest carbon offset (FCO) projects play an increasingly important role in mitigating climate change through market mechanisms in both compliance and voluntary markets. However, there are challenges and barriers to developing an FCO project, such as carbon leakage and cost-effectiveness. There have been few attempts to summarize and synthesize all types and aspects of existing challenges and possible solutions for FCO projects. This paper systematically reviews and discusses the current challenges involved in developing FCO projects, and then draws on the experience and lessons of existing projects to show how those challenges were addressed in world-leading voluntary carbon standards, namely the Verified Carbon Standard, the American Carbon Registry, the Climate Action Reserve, and Plan Vivo. These voluntary markets have rich experience in FCO projects and are responsible for a significant share of the market. From the 53 publications used in this analysis, three broad thematic categories of challenges emerged. These were related to methodology, socio-economic implications, and implementation. Methodological challenges, particularly additionality, permanence, and leakage, were the focus of 46% of the selected research papers, while socio-economic challenges, including transaction, social, and opportunity costs, were addressed by 35%. The remaining 19% of the research articles focused on implementational challenges related to monitoring, reporting, and verification. Major voluntary standards adequately addressed most of the methodological and implementational barriers by adopting various approaches. However, the standards did not adequately address socio-economic issues, despite these being the second most frequently discussed theme in the papers analyzed. More research is clearly needed on the socio-economic challenges involved in the development of FCO projects. For the development of high-quality forestry carbon offset projects, there are many challenges and no simple, universal recipe for addressing them. However, it is crucial to build upon the current science and move forward with carbon projects which ensure effective, long-term carbon sinks and maximize benefits for biodiversity and people; this is particularly important with a growing public and private interest in this field.
Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: a Self-Sustained Loop
Authors: Arena G. , Sharma K. , Agyeah G. , Krüger R. , Grünewald A. , Fitzgerald J. C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) etiology along with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis. In this context, mechanisms related to immune response can act as modifiers at different steps of the neurodegenerative process and justify the growing interest in anti-inflammatory agents as potential disease-modifying treatments in PD. The discovery of inherited gene mutations in PD has allowed researchers to develop cellular and animal models to study the mechanisms of the underlying biology, but the original cause of neuroinflammation in PD is still debated to date.

Recent Findings
Cell autonomous alterations in neuronal cells, including mitochondrial damage and protein aggregation, could play a role, but recent findings also highlighted the importance of intercellular communication at both local and systemic level. This has given rise to debate about the role of non-neuronal cells in PD and reignited intense research into the gut-brain axis and other non-neuronal interactions in the development of the disease. Whatever the original trigger of neuroinflammation in PD, what appears quite clear is that the aberrant activation of glial cells and other components of the immune system creates a vicious circle in which neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation nourish each other.

Summary
In this review, we will provide an up-to-date summary of the main cellular alterations underlying neuroinflammation in PD, including those induced by environmental factors (e.g. the gut microbiome) and those related to the genetic background of affected patients. Starting from the lesson provided by familial forms of PD, we will discuss pathophysiological mechanisms linked to inflammation that could also play a role in idiopathic forms. Finally, we will comment on the potential clinical translatability of immunobiomarkers identified in PD patient cohorts and provide an update on current therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming or preventing inflammation in PD.
Hyperoxia is Dose-Dependently Associated with an Increase of Unfavorable Outcomes in Ventilated Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Grensemann Jörn , Mader Marius Marc-Daniel , Westphal Manfred , Kluge Stefan , Czorlich Patrick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Adequate oxygenation in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is imperative. However, hyperoxia increases formation of reactive oxygen species and may be associated with a dose-dependent toxicity. We postulated a threshold for arterial partial pressure of oxygen (paO2) above which toxicity effects precipitate and sought to study the effects on 30-day mortality, favorable outcome at discharge and at 3 months, and delayed cerebral ischemia.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center cohort study, patients with SAH and mechanical ventilation > 72 h were included. Oxygen integrals were calculated above the following thresholds: 80, 100, 120, and 150 mm Hg and time-weighted mean paO2. All calculations were done from admission to end of day 1, day 3, and day 14. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, duration of ventilation, and Hunt and Hess grade. Time-weighted mean paO2 was categorized by quartiles. Favorable outcome was defined as Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 4 and 5.

Results
From November 2010 to February 2021, 282 of 549 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Odds ratios for 30-day mortality increased dose dependently and were as follows: 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.11; p = 0.001) for each 1 mm Hg per day above 80 mm Hg; 1.16 (95% CI 1.07–1.27), above 100 mm Hg; 1.36 (95% CI 1.15–1.61), above 120 mm Hg; and 1.59 (95% CI 1.22–2.08), above 150 mm Hg (all p < 0.001) at day 14. For favorable outcome at 3 months, odds ratios were 0.96 (95% CI 0.92–0.99) for each 1 mm Hg per day above 80 mm Hg; 0.90 (95% CI 0.84–0.98), above 100 mm Hg; 0.83 (95% CI 0.72–0.97), above 120 mm Hg; and 0.77 (95% CI 0.61–0.97), above 150 mm Hg (all p < 0.05). For time-weighted mean paO2, lowest 30-day mortality and highest favorable outcome at 3 months were found in the second quartile (78–85 mm Hg). Thirty-day mortality increased above 93 mm Hg (fourth quartile), with an odds ratio of 3.4 (95% CI 1.4–8.4, p = 0.007). Odds ratios for favorable outcome at 3 months were 0.28 (95% CI 0.12–0.69), 0.27 (95% CI 0.11–0.67), and 0.24 (95% CI 0.10–0.59) for the first, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively (all p < 0.01). No significant association was found at day 1 and day 3, for favorable outcome at discharge, or for delayed cerebral ischemia.

Conclusions
Integrals above the defined paO2 thresholds were dose-dependently associated with an increase in mortality in ventilated patients with SAH. When we considered time-weighted mean paO2, unfavorable outcomes and 30-day mortality were more frequent both below and above a certain range. Unfavorable outcomes increased in paO2 ranges usually defined as normoxia. This emphasizes the necessity to further characterize oxygenation thresholds in ventilated patients with SAH in prospective clinical studies.
Sequence-specific 1H, 13C and 15N backbone NMR assignments for the N-terminal IgV-like domain (D1) and full extracellular region (D1D2) of PD-L1
Authors: Walker Kayleigh , Waters Lorna C. , Kelly Geoff , Muskett Frederick W. , Carr Mark D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe co-inhibitory immune checkpoint interaction between programmed cell death-protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) serves to regulate T-cell activation, promoting self-tolerance. Over-expression of PD-L1 is a mechanism through which tumour cells can evade detection by the immune system. Several therapeutic antibodies targeting PD-L1 or PD-1 have been approved for the treatment of a variety of cancers, however, the discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors of PD-L1 remains a challenge. Here we report comprehensive sequence-specific backbone resonance assignments (1H, 13C, and 15N) obtained for the N-terminal IgV-like domain of PD-L1 (D1) and the full two domain extracellular region (D1D2). These NMR assignments will serve as a useful tool in the discovery of small-molecule therapeutics targeting PD-L1 and in the characterisation of functional interactions with other protein partners, such as CD80.
Breaches of integrity in teacher administration in Ghana
Authors: Kwarteng Joseph Tufuor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study examines one type of breaches of integrity, namely using one’s authority in public office for personal gain (Hallak J & Poisson M. Corrupt schools, corrupt universities: what can be done? 2007), in the administration of teachers in Ghana. It was executed using an embedded mixed methods design with a population of 667 teachers employed by the Ghana Education Service (GES). A sample of 270 respondents was chosen by simple random sampling for the study. The questionnaire containing open-ended and closed-ended items was administered to the respondents. Data generated by the close-ended items were analysed using frequencies and percentages and data obtained from the open-ended items were analysed in themes. The study found that integrity breaches were prevalent in GES and occurred under the watch of superior officers in the service. It was more pronounced in teachers’ requests for upgrading and promotion, and salary processing. Victims did not report the act because they believed nothing would happen and because they fear victimisation. Integrated Personnel and Payroll Database (IPPD) coordinators and Human Resource Managers at the district and regional levels of GES were found to be the most corrupt officers in the service. It is recommended that character references on GES staff be sought; the processing of salaries, transfer, upgrading, promotion, among others, at the GES offices should be automated; and effective whistleblower hotlines should be instituted.
Die Studien- und Berufswahlmotive von Grundschullehramtsstudierenden im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Scharfenberg Jonas , Weiß Sabine , Hellstén Meeri , Keller-Schneider Manuela , Sava Simona , Kiel Ewald 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie untersucht die Studien- und Berufswahlmotive von Studierenden des Grundschullehramts aus Deutschland, der Schweiz, Schweden, Rumänien und China auf Grundlage der STeaM/I-Datensätze, vergleicht sie mit den Motiven von Lehramtsstudierenden für weiterführende Schulen und setzt sie in den Kontext mit länderspezifischen strukturellen Bedingungen und Berufsbildern. Ausgehend von einem Vergleich intrinsischer, extrinsischer und pragmatischer Motive zeigen sich länderspezifische Unterschiede. Insgesamt zeigen intrinsische Motive die höchsten Ausprägungen, wobei dem chinesischen Motivprofil mit einer verhältnismäßig niedrigen intrinsischen und einer verhältnismäßig hohen pragmatischen Motivation eine Sonderrolle zukommt. Während die deutschen Befragten neben intrinsischen auch verhältnismäßig hohe extrinsische Motive aufweisen, die sich mit den Vorteilen einer Verbeamtung in Beziehung bringen lassen, messen schwedische Befragte insbesondere der gesellschaftlichen Relevanz und Schweizer Studierende biographischen Erfahrungen sowie dem Motiv des Lehramts als Traumberuf eine im Vergleich zu den anderen Ländern jeweils besonders hohe Bedeutung zu. Demgegenüber fallen die schulartspezifischen Unterschiede sowohl länderübergreifend als auch länderspezifisch gering aus. Während die generellen schulartspezifischen Tendenzen bisherige Forschung bestätigen, zeigen sich im Ländervergleich Relativierungen, etwa hinsichtlich der geringeren Rolle fachlicher Motive für Grundschullehramtsstudierende. Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise auf den Einfluss struktureller Bedingungen innerhalb der einzelnen Untersuchungsländer auf die Studien- und Berufswahl von Lehramtsstudierenden – etwa hinsichtlich Gehaltsstruktur oder Fachlichkeit der Ausbildung – und lassen Implikationen auf die Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften zu, etwa hinsichtlich der Notwendigkeit, biographische Erlebnisse als Motivation für die Berufswahl angemessen zu reflektieren.
Fighting Tuberculosis in Africa: The Current Situation Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Badri Rawa , Onyeaka Helen , Okereke Melody , Akhtar Samaa , Mhanna Melissa , Zafar Bilal , Zahabioun Amirsaman , Said Khanafi A. , Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobally, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious causes of mortality, with around 4000 deaths daily. Since the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Africa, the region has experienced a lapse in responses directed at TB control, because the priority has shifted to interventions aimed at managing COVID-19. In addition to an unprecedented burden on the region’s already overburdened health systems, another major public health concern is the clinical similarities between COVID-19 and TB, making TB diagnosis increasingly challenging, which may lead to poor prognosis, especially in people with TB and COVID-19 co-infection. A likely implication is that TB patients may stop attending health-care facilities due to fear of contracting or being diagnosed with COVID-19 or to avoid being stigmatized, invariably resulting in a disruption in their access to health-care services. Therefore, massive global support should be provided for TB endemic countries to respond synergistically and strongly to the thousands of TB cases as well as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Curves of maximal moduli on K3 surfaces
Authors: Chen Xi , Gounelas Frank 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We prove that if X is a complex projective K3 surface and

$g>0$

, then there exist infinitely many families of curves of geometric genus g on X with maximal, i.e., g-dimensional, variation in moduli. In particular, every K3 surface contains a curve of geometric genus 1 which moves in a nonisotrivial family. This implies a conjecture of Huybrechts on constant cycle curves and gives an algebro-geometric proof of a theorem of Kobayashi that a K3 surface has no global symmetric differential forms.
Las lucrativas redes de tráfico de mujeres de México y Centroamérica para el comercio sexual en Estados Unidos
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro 
Published: June 2022

ResumenLa mayor parte de las mujeres traficadas para el comercio sexual por la frontera suroeste de Estados Unidos proceden de México y Centroamérica. Esta investigación, fundamentada en una metodología cualitativa, que incluye entrevistas en profundidad con cincuenta y dos traficantes de mujeres y ochenta y seis dueños de negocios de prostitución en México, analiza los vínculos entre los diferentes actores involucrados en el tráfico de mujeres de México y Centroamérica para el comercio sexual en Estados Unidos. Concluimos que estos actores ocupan lugares estratégicos dentro de una cadena de mando que tiene el propósito de proporcionar a los patrones estadounidenses una remesa ininterrumpida de mujeres. Los traficantes reclutan y transportan mujeres, mientras que los dueños de centros nocturnos de Estados Unidos se benefician de la explotación de la prostitución. Asimismo, esta actividad depende de la participación de madrotas y padrotes mexicanos, que reclutan y dan cobijo a mujeres en tránsito al norte.
Adaptación lingüística de los estudiantes transnacionales provenientes de Estados Unidos en un contexto fronterizo
Authors: Vargas Valle Eunice D. 
Published: June 2022

ResumenCon el retorno reciente de los migrantes mexicanos, miles de estudiantes con experiencia escolar en Estados Unidos se incorporaron a las escuelas mexicanas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la adaptación lingüística de estos estudiantes en una ciudad con alto retorno, Tijuana, México. Se utiliza metodología mixta que comprende el análisis de la Encuesta de Migración e Integración Escolar 2017, así como treinta y seis entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a estudiantes transnacionales en 2018 y 2019. Los hallazgos sugieren un proceso paulatino de aprendizaje del español y pérdida del inglés a mayor tiempo en México desde el último arribo, así como la existencia de competencias lingüísticas desiguales según la socialización escolar en cada país, el país de identificación cultural y nacimiento, el capital económico, social y cultural de los hogares, y los apoyos de maestros y compañeros. Se requieren políticas públicas que favorezcan el bilingüismo en las escuelas de ambos países.
The benthic foraminiferal response to the mid-Maastrichtian event in the NW-European chalk sea of the Maastrichtian type area
Authors: Vancoppenolle Iris , Vellekoop Johan , Doubrawa Monika , Kaskes Pim , Sinnesael Matthias , Jagt John W.M. , Claeys Philippe , Speijer Robert P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The mid-Maastrichtian carbon isotope event (MME), dated at ∼69 Ma, reflects a perturbation of the global carbon cycle that, in part, correlates with the enigmatic global extinction of ‘true’ (i.e., non-tegulated) inoceramid bivalves. The mechanisms of this extinction event are still debated.
While both the inoceramid extirpation and MME have been recorded in a variety of deep-sea sites, little is known about their expression in epicontinental chalk seas. In order to study the shallow-marine signature of the MME in this epicontinental shelf sea, we have generated quantitative foraminiferal assemblage data for two quarries (Hallembaye, NE Belgium; ENCI, SE Netherlands) in the Maastrichtian type area, complemented by a species-specific benthic δ13C record. In contrast to deep-sea records, no significant changes in benthic foraminiferal assemblages and benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates are observed across the MME in the type-Maastrichtian area. At the Hallembaye quarry, the otherwise rare endobenthic species Cuneus trigona reaches a transient peak abundance of 33.3% at the onset of the MME, likely caused by a local transient change in organic matter flux to the seafloor. Nevertheless, high and near-constant species evenness shows that neither oxygen nor organic matter flux was limited across the extinction level or during the MME. Benthic foraminiferal data from the uppermost part of the studied section, above the MME, indicate a significant increase in food supply to the seafloor. Decreased amounts of terrigenous elements across this interval document a lesser riverine or aeolian influx, which means that the increased benthic productivity is linked to a different origin. Potentially, the continuous precipitation of chalk under nutrient-poor conditions in the Late Cretaceous chalk sea was enabled by efficient nutrient recycling in the water column. In shallower depositional settings, nutrient recycling took place closer to the seafloor, which allowed more organic matter to reach the bottom. These results provide insights in the importance of nutrient cycling for biological productivity in the NW-European chalk sea.