bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of mouse-specific pharmacokinetics in kidneys based on 131I activity measurements using micro-SPECT
Authors: Vargas Clarita Saldarriaga , Struelens Lara , D’Huyvetter Matthias , Caveliers Vicky , Covens Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In order to acquire accurate drug pharmacokinetic information, which is required for tissue dosimetry, micro-SPECT must be quantitative to allow for an accurate assessment of radioligand activity in the relevant tissue. This study investigates the feasibility of deriving accurate mouse-specific time-integrated drug pharmacokinetic data in mouse kidneys from activity measurements using micro-SPECT.

Methods
An animal experiment was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of 131I activity quantification in mouse kidneys (mean tissue volume of 0.140 mL) using a micro-SPECT system against conventional ex vivo gamma counting (GC) in a NaI(Tl) detector. The imaging setting investigated was that of the mouse biodistribution of a 131I-labelled single-domain antibody fragment (sdAb), currently being investigated for targeted radionuclide therapy of HER2-expressing cancer. SPECT imaging of 131I 365-keV photons was done with a VECTor/CT system (MILabs, Netherlands) using a high-energy mouse collimator with 1.6-mm-diameter pinholes. For both activity quantification techniques, the pharmacokinetic profile of the radioligand from approximately 1–73 h p.i. was derived and the time-integrated activity coefficient per gram of tissue (ã/M) was estimated. Additionally, SPECT activity recovery coefficients were determined in a phantom setting.

Results
SPECT activities underestimate the reference activities by an amount that is dependent on the 131I activity concentration in the kidney, and thus on the time point of the pharmacokinetic profile. This underestimation is around − 12% at 1.5 h (2.89 MBq mL−1 mean reference activity concentration), − 13% at 6.6 h (149 kBq mL−1), − 40% at 24 h (17.6 kBq mL−1) and − 46% at 73 h (5.2 kBq mL−1) p.i. The ã/M value estimated from SPECT activities is, nevertheless, within − 14% from the reference (GC) ã/M value. Furthermore, better quantitative accuracy (within 2% from GC) in the SPECT ã/M value is achieved when SPECT activities are compensated for partial recovery with a phantom-based recovery coefficient of 0.85.

Conclusion
The SPECT imaging system used, together with a robust activity quantification methodology, allows an accurate estimation of time-integrated pharmacokinetic information of the 131I-labelled sdAb in mouse kidneys. This opens the possibility to perform mouse-specific kidney-tissue dosimetry based on pharmacokinetic data acquired in vivo on the same mice used in nephrotoxicity studies.
Population perspectives and demographic methods to strengthen CRVS systems: introduction
Authors: Silva Romesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCivil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems and legal identity systems have become increasingly recognized as catalytic both for inclusive development and for monitoring population dynamics spanning the entire life course. Population scientists have a long history of contributing to the strengthening of CRVS and legal identity systems and of using vital registration data to understand population and development dynamics. This paper provides an overview of theGenusthematic series on CRVS systems. The series spans 11 research articles that document new insights on the registration of births, marriages, separations/divorces, deaths and legal residency. This introductory article to the series reviews the importance of population perspectives and demographic methods in strengthening CRVS systems and improving our understanding of population dynamics across the lifecourse. The paper highlights the major contributions from this thematic series and discusses emerging challenges and future research directions on CRVS systems for the population science community.
Sustainable pest management approach against the hog plum leaf beetle, Podontia 14-punctata Linn. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Rahman M. Mahbubur , Islam Md. Rashedul , Dutta Nirmal Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The hog-plum, locally known as “amra”, is a deciduous perennial tree with thick succulent leaves and it grows all over the country, but the quality fruits are produced only in the southern districts of Bangladesh. Its cultivation is seriously hampered by hog-plum leaf beetle or 14 spotted leaf beetle, Podontia 14-punctata Linn. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). In most of the cases, insecticidal spray is not effective for controlling this pest as pupation completed in the soil. Therefore, the present study was carried out under both laboratory and field conditions to develop environment friendly sustainable management approaches against the hog-plum beetle.

Results
Laboratory test revealed that spraying with green pesticide spinosad (Success® 2.5% SC) at hog-plum leaflet and drenching with microbial pesticide Metarhizium anisopliae + Trichoderma harzianum + Beauveria bassiana + Trichoderma viride (Lycomax, Russell IPM) causes 75.00% larvae, 72.22% adults and 51.85% pupal mortality,, respectively. Some pest management approaches were developed based on the laboratory results, they were verified in field, during the two successive fruiting seasons 2018 and 2019. Field study indicated that approach 1: Hand picking + trunk banding with packaging tape + soil drenching with lycomax, Russell IPM + spraying of spinosad treated trees offered lowest leaf and fruit infestation; even though trunk banding with packaging tape did not show any effect to control this pest. Fruit yield was also increased 39.04–39.66% in approach 1 imposing hog-plum trees compared to control.

Conclusion
The study showed that without banding of the hog-plum trunk, hand picking + soil drenching with microbial pesticides, lycomax, Russell IPM + spraying of spinosad might be sustainable and environment friendly pest management approach against P. 14-punctata.
Visual analytics of combustion on time-varying turbulent-flow
Authors: Han Xiaoyang , An Yifei , Shan Guihua , Liu Jun , Yang Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVisualization is crucial for analyzing the turbulent combustion simulation. Time-varying data allows us to investigate the evolution process of the turbulent flow field. To study the combustion effects, we calculated the enstrophy of the flow field since high enstrophy region can display valuable features, and extract components based on these features. We isolated large components to track their behaviors and characterized them using volume and spatial locations, which helps scientists to explore the dynamics and temporal changes of intense events individually. We analyzed the components’ structures and visualized them in contouring and statistical charts.
Targeted next generation sequencing provides insight for the genetic alterations in liquid biopsy of Egyptian brain tumor patients
Authors: Kassem Neemat M. , Kassem Hebatallah A. , Selim Hanan , Hafez Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant cerebral tumor in adults. Detection of genetic mutations in liquid biopsy is endorsed rapidly throughout several solid neoplasms but still limited in GBM. Our study provides insight for the genetic alterations in liquid biopsy of the newly diagnosed GBM patients using next generation sequencing technology together with identification of the microsatellite instability (MSI) status in those patients.

Results
Eighteen variants detected in 15 genes which were (4, 12 and 2) missense, coding silent and intronic mutations, respectively. The 4 substitution–missense mutations were as follows: Drug responsive TP53 (p.Pro72Arg) variant was detected in 6 patients (85.7%). KDR (p.Gln472His) variant was noted in 4 patients (57.1%) as a result of substitution at c.1416A > T. Two patients revealed KIT (p.Met541Leu) variant which result from substitution at c.1621A > C. Only one patient showed mutation in JAK3 gene which was (p.Val718Leu) variant resulting from c.2152G > C substitution. Regarding MSI status, four cases (57.1%) were MSI-Low and three cases (42.9%) were MSI-High.

Conclusions
This study identifies the molecular landscape and microsatellite instability alternations in Egyptian brain tumor patients, which may have an important role in improving the outcome, survival and may help in evolving a characteristic individual therapy.
Psychosocial and clinical impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship to the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study, Egypt
Authors: Hassan Mervat S. , Mostafa Dalia I. , Abdelhady Enas I. , Sarhan Shymaa A. , Abdelghani Mohamed , Seleem Dina A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundData have been pouring on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic diseases. This study aimed to address the relationship between the perceived fears of COVID-19 virus (FCV), psychological status, and quality of life (QoL) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the pandemic. This study included 100 patients with RA and an equal number of control subjects, who were recruited from Zagazig University rheumatology outpatient clinics, Egypt. All subjects were interviewed using the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), Symptom Checklist-90 scale (SCL-90), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF). Patients were additionally assessed using the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) and Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ).ResultsThere were significant differences between both groups in all QoL domains and most psychological dimensions. Most patients with RA experienced moderate-to-high disease activity and mild-to-moderate functional impairment (85% and 80%, respectively). FCV was correlated with the number of family members (P-value 0.020), and obsessive-compulsive (P-value 0.006), interpersonal sensitivity (P-value 0.035), hostility (P-value 0.017), phobia (P-value 0.010), and psychoticism (P-value 0.034) symptoms. Moderate-to-high disease activity was associated with reduced psychological QoL. Patients with moderate-to-severe functional impairment had worse QoL in all domains (except social). Prolonged illness duration was associated with worse social QoL.ConclusionsQoL was adversely affected in patients with RA during the pandemic. There was a robust relationship between FCV and the emergence of psychological symptoms. RA-related clinical factors like illness duration, disease activity, and functional disability were associated with reduced QoL in those patients.
The World Health Organization's QualityRights initiative: rights and recovery-oriented services should be at the centre not the margins of psychiatry
Authors: McGovern Peter 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe World Health Organization's QualityRights initiative represents an exciting shift towards creating mental health services that respect human rights and promote recovery. The initiative is the subject of a recent BJPsych editorial. In this article I challenge previously articulated criticism of QualityRights and suggest that psychiatry has much to gain from promoting rights-based practice.
Implementation of a Multisite Financial Reimbursement Program in Cancer Clinical Trials Integrated With Patient Navigation: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Borno Hala T. , Zhang Li , Zhang Sylvia , Lin Tracy K. , Skafel Andrea , Nieves Elena , Dornsife Dana , Johnson Robert , Rhoads Kim , Small Eric , Spicer Darcy 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE: Cancer clinical trial participants face considerable indirect costs associated with participation, such as travel and lodging, which may contribute to poor enrollment. Here, we report the findings in IMproving Patient Access to Cancer clinical Trials, a pilot feasibility study investigating the efficacy of offering a financial reimbursement program (FRP) during a therapeutic clinical trial discussion with or without additional outreach in improving patient enrollment. METHODS: Study participants for this study were recruited at two National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer centers (CCCs) from April 8, 2019, to September 19, 2019. Eligible participants were adults with a cancer diagnosis being approached to consider enrollment in a clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive no follow-up (usual care) or a follow-up telephone call to facilitate FRP utilization stratified by study site. The target enrollment was 132 patients, with 66 patients in each study arm. The primary outcome was the consent rate to the multisite interventional study on the FRP among participants enrolling in clinical trials. RESULTS: The study had a 78% consent rate and enrolled a total of 132 participants, of whom 51% were non-White compared with 28% of CCC treatment clinical trial participants in 2019. No difference in enrollment in clinical trials between the two study arms was observed as the proportion of enrollment was 70% for both study arms. The most common reason for not enrolling in a clinical trial was due to ineligibility determined through screening procedures (75%). CONCLUSION: The current study observed that implementation of FRP at CCCs is feasible and serves a diverse patient population. Future studies will measure the impact of programs on overall clinical trial accrual and among racial/ethnic minorities.
Death by Robots? Automation and Working-Age Mortality in the United States
Authors: O'Brien Rourke , Bair Elizabeth F. , Venkataramani Atheendar S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe decline of manufacturing employment is frequently invoked as a key cause of worsening U.S. population health trends, including rising mortality due to “deaths of despair.” Increasing automation—the use of industrial robots to perform tasks previously done by human workers—is one structural force driving the decline of manufacturing jobs and wages. In this study, we examine the impact of automation on age- and sex-specific mortality. Using exogenous variation in automation to support causal inference, we find that increases in automation over the period 1993–2007 led to substantive increases in all-cause mortality for both men and women aged 45–54. Disaggregating by cause, we find evidence that automation is associated with increases in drug overdose deaths, suicide, homicide, and cardiovascular mortality, although patterns differ by age and sex. We further examine heterogeneity in effects by safety net program generosity, labor market policies, and the supply of prescription opioids.
Influence of Guideline Operationalization on Youth Activity Prevalence in the International Children’s Accelerometry Database
Authors: GAMMON CATHERINE , ATKIN ANDREW J. , CORDER KIRSTEN , EKELUND ULF , HANSEN BJØRGE HERMAN , SHERAR LAUREN B. , ANDERSEN LARS BO , ANDERSSEN SIGMUND , DAVEY RACHEL , HALLAL PEDRO C. , JAGO RUSSELL , KRIEMLER SUSI , KRISTENSEN PETER LUND , KWON SOYANG , NORTHSTONE KATE , PATE RUSSELL , SALMON JO , SARDINHA LUIS B. , VAN SLUIJS ESTHER M. F. ,   ON BEHALF OF THE INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S ACCELEROMETRY DATABASE (ICAD) COLLABORATORS
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The United Kingdom and World Health Organization recently changed their youth physical activity (PA) guidelines from 60 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) every day, to an average of 60 min of MVPA per day, over a week. The changes are based on expert opinion due to insufficient evidence comparing health outcomes associated with different guideline definitions. This study used the International Children’s Accelerometry Database to compare approaches to calculating youth PA compliance and associations with health indicators.

Methods
Cross-sectional accelerometer data (n = 21,612, 5–18 yr) were used to examine compliance with four guideline definitions: daily method (DM; ≥60 min MVPA every day), average method (AM; average of ≥60 min MVPA per day), AM5 (AM compliance and ≥5 min of vigorous PA [VPA] on ≥3 d), and AM15 (AM compliance and ≥15 min VPA on ≥3 d). Associations between compliance and health indicators were examined for all definitions.

Results
Compliance varied from 5.3% (DM) to 29.9% (AM). Associations between compliance and health indicators were similar for AM, AM5, and AM15. For example, compliance with AM, AM5, and AM15 was associated with a lower BMI z-score (statistics are coefficient [95% CI]): AM (−0.28 [−0.33 to −0.23]), AM5 (−0.28 [−0.33 to −0.23], and AM15 (−0.30 [−0.35 to −0.25]). Associations between compliance and health indicators for DM were similar/weaker, possibly reflecting fewer DM-compliant participants with health data and lower variability in exposure/outcome data.

Conclusions
Youth completing 60 min of MVPA every day do not experience superior health benefits to youth completing an average of 60 min of MVPA per day. Guidelines should encourage youth to achieve an average of 60 min of MVPA per day. Different guideline definitions affect inactivity prevalence estimates; this must be considered when analyzing data and comparing studies.
Children as innovators: harnessing the creative expertise of children to address practical and psychosocial challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic – COVISION study protocol
Authors: McAneney Helen , Shier Harry , Gibbs Lisa , Davies Carmel , De Brún Aoife , Tisdall Kay M. , Corrigan Carmel , Kelly Ayrton , Owens Jacinta , Okoli Onyinye , Wall Tracey , Alves Hayda , Kongats Krystyna , Krishna Revathi N. , Sheppard-LeMoine Debbie , Wagner Fernando A. , Wang Jieh-Jiuh , Mutch Carol , Kroll Thilo , Somanadhan Suja 
Published: February 2022

Background:We are currently in a period of transition, from the pre-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) era and the initial reactive lockdowns, to now the ongoing living with and potentially the after COVID-19 period. Each country is at its own individual stage of this transition, but many have gone through a period of feeling adrift; disconnected from normal lives, habits and routines, finding oneself betwixt and between stages, similar to that of liminality. Children and young people have been particularly affected.Aim:To increase the understanding of home and community-based strategies that contribute to children and young people’s capacity to adjust to societal changes, both during and after pandemics. Moreover, to identify ways in which children’s actions contribute to the capacity of others to adjust to the changes arising from the pandemic. The potential for these activities to influence and contribute to broader social mobilisation will be examined and promoted.Research design:To achieve the aim of this study, a participatory health research approach will be taken. The overarching theoretical framework of the COVISION study is that of liminality. The study design includes four work packages: two syntheses of literature (a rapid realist review and scoping review) to gain an overview of the emerging international context of evidence of psychosocial mitigations and community resilience in pandemics, and more specifically COVID-19; qualitative explorationof children and young people’s perspective of COVID-19viacreative outlets and reflections; and participatory learning and action through co-production.
Streamlined processing and analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data with OCMS_16S and OCMSlooksy
Authors: Yen Sandi , Johnson Jethro , Ilott Nicholas E. 
Published: February 2022

16S rRNA gene sequencing is a cost-effective method for profiling the bacterial component of a microbiome. Nevertheless, processing and analysis of the resulting sequencing data is often constrained by the availability of dedicated bioinformaticians - creating a bottleneck for biological interpretation. Multiple visualisation and analysis tools now exist for downstream analysis of 16S rRNA data. These tools are designed with biological scientists in mind and therefore consist of a graphical user interface that interacts with taxonomic counts tables to perform tasks such as alpha- and beta-diversity analysis and differential abundance. However, generating the input to these applications still relies on bioinformatics experience, creating a disconnect between data processing and data analysis. We aimed to bridge the gap between data processing and data analysis. To do this we have created two tools - OCMS_16S and OCMSlooksy - that perform data processing and data visualisation/analysis, respectively. OCMS_16S is a cgat-core based pipeline that wraps DADA2 functionality in order to facilitate processing of raw sequence reads into tables of amplicon sequence variant (ASV) counts using a simple command line interface. OCMSlooksy is an RShiny application that takes an OCMS_16S-generated SQLite database as input to facilitate data exploration and analysis. Combining these tools provides a simple, user-friendly workflow to facilitate 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data analysis from raw reads to results.
Prevalence of multimorbidity and associated treatment burden in primary care settings in Kerala: a cross-sectional study in Malappuram District, Kerala, India
Authors: Ismail Sunaib , Stanley Antony , Jeemon Panniyammakal 
Published: February 2022

Background: Multimorbidity or co-existence of two or more chronic conditions is common and associated with reduced quality of life and increased risk of death. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and pattern of multimorbidity in primary care settings in Kerala and the associated treatment burden, and quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 540 adult participants in Malappuram District, Kerala. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed. Hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression and anxiety screening were done by trained medical professionals. The remaining medical conditions were self-reported by the respondent and verified with patient held health records. The health-related quality of life [HRQoL] was measured using the EQ-5D-5L tool. The MTBQ tool was used for measuring the multimorbidity treatment burden. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with multi-morbidity. Results: Overall, the prevalence of multi-morbidity was 39.8% (35.7 – 44.1). The prevalence of multi-morbidity among men (42.6%) was relatively higher than that in women (38.1%). Lower educational attainment, higher age group, and overweight or obesity status were independently associated with higher prevalence of multimorbidity. The most common pairs of coexisting chronic conditions reported in the study were hypertension and diabetes in males (66.7%) and females (70.8%). All domains of quality of life were impaired in individuals with multimorbidity. Conclusion: Multimorbidity is a norm and affects two of five participants seeking care in primary care settings in Kerala. The social gradient in the prevalence of multimorbidity was evident with higher prevalence in individuals with low educational attainment. Multimorbidity seriously impairs quality of life and increases treatment burden. The focus of management should move beyond individual diseases, and pivot towards interventions targeting multi-morbidity management, with a specific focus for people living in lower socio-economic strata.