bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-ADIPOGENIC EFFECTS OF SLENDESTATM, STANDARD POTATO EXTRACTS CONTAINS 5% PROTEASE INHIBITOR II
Authors: Lee Dae Geon , Park Sang In , Kang Su Jin , Kim Joo Wan , Lee Eun Kyoung , Song Chang Hyung , Han Chang Hyun , Lee Young Joon , Ku Sae Kwang 
Published: May 2022

Background: The objective of present study is to observe the anti-adipogenic effects of SlenestaTM (SLD), a standard potato protein extracts containing 5% potato protease inhibitor II (PI2) on the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes which are able to differentiate into mature adipocytes and accumulate lipids, as an obesity model with cytotoxicity and antioxidant effects.
Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of SLD was observed against 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line by MTT assay, and also anti-adipogenic effects were observed through lipid accumulation assay during 3T3-L1 differentiation as comparing with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). In addition, antioxidant effects of SLD were detected by free radical scavenging capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity as comparing with ascorbic acid.
Results: SLD showed obvious cytotoxicity against 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line at higher concentrations, from 1.5 mg/ml for 72 hrs treatment, and cytotoxic IC50 of SLD after 24, 48 and 72 hrs treatment times were detected as 10.11 ± 0.67, 5.71 ± 0.37 and 5.34 ± 0.21 mg/ml, respectively. SLD concentration-dependently inhibited the lipid accumulations formatted during 3T3-L1 cell differentiations, and also effectively showed DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 161.98 ± 64.65 μg/ml) and SOD-like effects (IC50 = 284.54 ± 54.47 μg/ml).
Conclusion: The results suggest that SLD effectively inhibited 3T3-L1 adipose cell differentiations may be through antioxidant activities and direct cytotoxicity in case of higher concentration, along with already known satiety effects mediated by increases of circulating cholecystokinin. These findings are considered as direct evidences that SLD may serve as a predictable functional ingredient for obesity as an alternative therapy.
A CYTOGENIC MONITORING APPROACH OF HOSPITAL WORKERS OCCUPTIONALLY EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATIONS USING MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY
Authors: Sultana Salma , Tabassum Sadia , Sultana Tayyaba , Al-Ghanim K.A , Shah Komal , Mahboob Shahid 
Published: May 2022

Background: The objective of this study was to determine chromosomal damage in occupational workers of the radiation department
from three different hospitals, Faisalabad, Pakistan exposed for a long term to ionizing radiations using micronucles (MN) assay. A
comparison between exposed and non-exposed subjects (controlled) of same age exhibited a significant an increase in the number of
micronuclei in occupational workers. MN frequency increases with an increase in age and duration of exposure in both sexes but higher
in females.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the District Head Quarter Hospital (DHQ), Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine
(PINUM) and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The total 145 subjects were selected from these hospitals. The subjects were divided
into two groups. The control group (N= 40) (20 males and 20 females) of healthy subjects (no exposure) and the second group of subjects
(N=105) (68 males and 37 females) subjects of occupational workers who were indirectly exposed to radiation. Blood samples (2ml)
were collected in sodium heparinised vaccutainer tubes through venipuncture from both the groups. Disposable syringes were used for
this purpose. For the evaluation of MN yield, slides were prepared by following the method of Jorge et al. (2004).
Results: A significant difference in micro nuclear induction was observed between the occupational subjects and the control subjects and
as well as in females and in males (P < 0.01). Females are more vulnerable to ionizing radiation than males. In females, MN yield was
two times higher than males. MN frequency was increased with an increase in age and duration of exposure in both sexes, but higher in
females and may be due to an increase in chromosomal loss in hospital workers. There is an individual response to the physical noxa,
depending on sex, age and exposure. Smoking and drinking habits do not have a significant effect in increasing the number of MN in
occupationally exposed workers.
Conclusion: It was concluded that females are more vulnerable to ionizing radiations than males. MN test can be used as a biomarker
with a predictive value for the estimation in occupationally exposed subjects.
SERUM PROTEIN PROFILE OF MALARIA PATIENTS THROUGH SDS PAGE METHOD
Authors: Shams Saira , Ahmed Shabir , Ayaz Sultan , Abd_Allah E. F. , Shams Sumaira , Niaz Sadaf , Gul Irum , Gul Naila , Ullah Riaz 
Published: May 2022

Background: Malaria is a crucial disease that causes huge mortality and morbidity, along with economic losses in term of purchasing
medicines in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: A total of 150 human blood samples were collected from the Districts of Karak and Kohat Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, in Pakistan, and were examined through microscopy and then all positive samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE method
for the detection of antibodies against plasmodium.
Result: The overall prevalence of malaria was found to be 18% (27/150). The prevalence of plasmodium species was “21.3% (16/75) and
14.6% (11/75) in the Districts of Karak and Kohat respectively. The prevalence of plasmodium species i.e. P. vivax and P. falciparum, in
the Districts of Karak and Kohat, was found to be 14.6% (22/150) and 3.33% (5/150) respectively. Among these, P. vivax 10.6% (8/75)
and P.falciparum 4% (3/75) were noted in the District of Kohat; while P. vivax 18.6% (14/75) and P. falciparum 2.6% (2/75) were found
in the District of Karak Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan respectively”. The serum protein of malaria patients were 57KDA and 78KDA
bands, which were determined by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Poly-Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique.
Conclusion: The SDS page method is the most accurate diagnostic assay and was recognized as a most reliable method in the diagnosis
of antibodies produced against Plasmodium spps. The proteins bands of Serum protein of malaria patients may be undertaken for study to
develop possible future vaccine.
PHYSIO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AJUGA BRACTEOSA WALL. AND VIOLA ODOROTO LINN
Authors: Shad Anwar Ali , Zeeshan M. , Fazal Hina , Shah Hamid Ullah , Ahmed Shabir , Abeer Hasem , Abd_Allah E. F. , Ullah Riaz , Afridi Hamid , Tariq Akash , Adnan Muhammad , Asma - 
Published: May 2022

Background: Ajuga bracteosa and Viola odorata are frequently used by the native people of Swat-Pakistan for the curing of fever,
malaria, cough, urinary and stomach disorders with slightly different practice of usage like raw powdered, extracts, decoction etc.
Methods and Materials: Disc Diffusion Method was used for determination of antimicrobial activities of both plants. Nutrient Agar
Media was used for the culturing and growth of all microbial strains. Vitamin C and minerals contents were determined by standard
method of AOAC. Na and K were analyzed by using flame photometric technique. Micro minerals i.e. “Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ca, Pb,
and Mg” were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Total Soluble Solid (TSS) was determined by using abbe
refractometer and pH was determined by using pH meter.
Results: The present study demonstrates that both plants exhibited antibacterial activities against P. aeruginos, E. coli, S. typhi, B.
subtilis and S. aureus. The examined plants showed zone of inhibition for aqueous fraction (50.90, 45.90 %) against P. aeruginosa; for
EtOAc fraction (41.37, 57.62%) against C. Albicans and for hexane fraction (25.86, 40.57%) against K. pneumoniae, respectively. Total
of 14 different minerals (Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd) were determined and it was also observed that both the
examined plants contained significant level of these analyzed minerals. The subject plants contained highest level of magnesium (295.75,
145.85 mg 100-1g) and calcium (212.49, 44.00 mg 100-1g) and potassium (152.6, 437.45 mg 100-1g) while moderate level P, Zn, Na and
lower amount of Cd, Ni, Mn and Cu using Atomic Absorption, Flame Photometry and spectrophotometric techniques. V. odorata was
found to contain a higher amount of vitamin C (64.05±12.37mg 100-1g) as compared to A. bracteosa (45.45 ± 7.29 mg 100-1 g).
Conclusion: Findings of this study can persuade researchers for future comprehensive phytochemical study of these plants using state of
art techniques and instruments, which include not only isolation of secondary metabolites from these plants but biological evaluation of
isolated compounds both in vivo and in vitro
EVIDENCE-GUIDED OPTIMIZATION OF HERBAL FORMULA CHEONG-HWA-BO-UM-TANG USING MULTIPLEX CYTOKINE PROFILING
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Park Wansu 
Published: May 2022

Background: Cheong-Hwa-Bo-Um-Tang (CHB) has been traditionally used to treat pharyngolaryngitis and throat inflammation in
Korea. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of CHB and the exact component proportion ratio of CHB have not been fully
reported.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to optimize the component proportion ratio of CHB on the basis of experimental
evidence using multiplex cytokine profiling assay in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.
Results: The optimized CHB (named Chunhwabun-Cheong-Hwa-Bo-Um-Tang) inhibited the production of NO, IL-6, MCP-1, GMCSF,
IL-10, IP-10, VEGF, M-CSF, RANTES, MIP-1β, LIF, LIX, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages
without decreasing cell viability (P
INDIGENOUS PLANT-DERIVED MEDICINE USED BY ORDINARY COMMUNITY MEMBERS OTHER THAN TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTITIONERS FOR PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE IN MOHLALETSI COMMUNITY IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Agnes Rankoana Sejabaledi 
Published: May 2022

Background: Research on medical ethnobotany shows that ordinary community members in the rural areas have knowledge of selfpreventive
care which is accomplished through administration of plant medicine to prevent the onset of disease and create a sense of
well-being. Several medicinal plants and traditional medicines derived from them have been used to enhance resistance to several
disease agents. The present study documented the indigenous plant-derived medicines used by Mohlaletsi community members to
minimize the chances of contracting disease thus promoting good health and well-being.
Materials and Methods: Structured interviews were used to collect data among 80 respondents purposely sampled to share
knowledge about the use of indigenous plant-derived medicine for preventive health care.
Results: The results of the study revealed six indigenous plant species belonging to six families identified as sources of medicine
administered for preventive care of primary health care. Preventive medicine is prepared from the mixture of plant parts
administered to limit susceptibility to disease and improve the general well-being. The medicine is repeatedly reported to promote
good health and well-being of the children by limiting the children’s vulnerability to disease and promote their welfare.
Conclusion: Ordinary community members use plant-derived medicine to prevent attack by disease in an effort to promote good
health and well-being. This type of preventive care may form the basis for community participation towards the achievement of
primary health care needs in the rural areas.
‘THEY CALL US KILLERS’: AN EXPLORATION OF HERBAL, SPIRITUAL AND WESTERN MEDICAL PRACTICES IN MOMBASA, KENYA
Authors: Enumah Z. O. , Rafiq Mohamed Y. , Ayele Wossen 
Published: May 2022

Background: This paper attempts to describe the multi-dimensional perceptions of mganga/waganga (Kiswahili: traditional healers)
by members of their constituencies, patients, government health officials and religious leaders in Mombasa, Kenya. It also seeks to
investigate how these conceptions and perceptions influence the relationships between traditional healers and other stakeholders in
the delivery of public healthcare services in Mombasa.
Materials and Methods: A qualitative approach consisting of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was employed and
43 research participants were interviewed during the period of two months in the summer of 2010. Data were recorded (video and
audio), transcribed, and analyzed using the constant comparison method.
Results: Findings indicate that varied opinions and interpretations of mganga influence both the decision-making process of the
patient and the provision of healthcare by the healer. High tensions exist between mganga and other actors, and furthermore, such
perceptions seem to evidence themselves in the government’s support for waganga, as well as the delineation of healthcare
services—whereby certain stakeholders and participants are relegated to specific tasks.
Conclusions: This research builds upon the growing body of knowledge on how African patients—in general and Kenya in
particular—and healers inhabit a multifaceted arena of healing in order to effectively negotiate their positions and needs to make
complex decisions involving care, contingent upon local economic, social, cultural, and religious factors.
SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS IN A NEW HERBAL PRESCRIPTION SEAWEED COMPLEX PREPARATION
Authors: Liu Xin , Wen Songsong , Sun Zhenliang , Wang Changyun 
Published: May 2022

Background: Seaweed Complex Preparation (SCP) is a clinical traditional Chinese medicine preparation composed of seven
traditional Chinese herbs, and has been used for treatment of lung cancer, liver cancer and digestive cancer.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the potential bioactive constituents of SCP were isolated and identified by chromatographic
and spectroscopic methods. The immunomodulatory and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the constituents were also evaluated
in vitro.
Results: Forty-three compounds were isolated from the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions of the decocted extracts. More than 10
structural types of chemical constituents were found, including flavonoid glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic acid compounds, lignans,
iridoid glycosides, and polysaccharides mainly composed of galactose and glucose. Flavonoid glycosides exhibited potential
immunomodulatory by promoting splenic lymphocyte proliferation and stimulating the secretion of cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, as
well as free radical (DPPH) scavenging activities. Caffeic acid derivatives showed remarkable free radical (DPPH) scavenging
activity, while polysaccharides also displayed immunological enhancement effects.
Conclusion: Four molecular communities, flavonoid glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, might be the
potential bioactive components of SCP. Synergism of these four molecular communities in SCP may endue the anticancer properties
and reflect the feature of multi-components and multi-targets of traditional Chinese medicine formula.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM Chrysophyllum albidum G. DON-HOLL. STEM-BARK EXTRACTS AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Idowu T. O. , Ogundaini Abiodun Oguntuga , Adesanya S. A. , Onawunmi G. O. , Osungunna M. O. , Obuotor E. M. , Abegaz B. M. 
Published: May 2022

Background: The plant, Chrysophyllum albidum is indigenous to Nigeria and its stem-bark has found relevance in folkloric
medicine for infections and oxidative stress linked diseases medicaments. The study targets to isolate the chemical constituents
accountable for the antioxidant and antibacterial actions of the plant stem-bark to substantiate some of its ethnomedicinal uses.
Materials and Methods: Stem-bark extract of Chrysophyllum albidum was obtained from 80 % ethanol was partitioned in sequence
with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol. The solvent fractions and isolated compounds were verified for antioxidant chattels
utilizing 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Antibacterial actions were also assessed by agency of agar-diffusion and broth micro
dilution methods. EtOAc fraction was on many occasions chromatographed on silica and Sephadex LH-20 column to afford four
compounds and their chemical structures were proven with the employment of NMR (1D and 2D) and MS.
Results: Chromatographic fractionation of EtOAc fraction with the premier antioxidant and antimicrobial activities afforded
stigmasterol (1), epicatechin (2), epigallocatechin (3) and procyanidin B5 (4). Procyanidin B5 isolated for the first time from
Chrysophyllum genus proven the supreme antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 8.8 µM and 11.20 µM in DPPH and nitric oxide
assays respectively and equally established the ultmost inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli (MIC 156.25 μg/mL),
Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 156.25 μg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 625 μg/mL) and Bacillus subtilis (MIC 156.25
μg/mL).
Conclusion: The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of epicatechin, epigallocatechin and procyanidin B5 isolated from
Chrysophyllum albidum stem-bark substantiate the folkloric uses
DIURETIC AND ANTI-DIURETIC BIOACTIVITY DIFFERENCES OF THE SEED AND SHELL EXTRACTS OF ALPINIA OXYPHYLLA FRUIT
Authors: Li Yonghui , Tan Yin-feng , Wei Na , Zhang Jun-qing 
Published: May 2022

Background: Alpinia oxyphylla fruit (AOF, Yizhi in Chinese) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-diuretic agent
and composed of two parts i.e. seed and shell. These two parts have different components, but the bioactivity differences of the two
parts are not clear. This study aims to evaluate the different anti-diuretic effects of the seed and shell of AOF.
Materials and Methods: The potential bioactive components were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The diuretic and anti-diuretic
activity was determined with saline-loads rats.
Results: The results showed that the 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg of SREAO displayed a short-time anti-diuretic activity 1h after
administration and then a significant diuretic activity was being observed at 5-6 h in 400mg/kg group of SREAO. And the 400mg/kg
doses of SREAO also showed a remarkable increase for electrolyte excretion of K+. Three sesquiterpene compounds, namely
oxyphyllol A (1), oxyphyllol B (2), and nootkatone (3) were identified from the active SREAO fraction by UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS.
Conclusion: The seed part of Alpinia oxyphylla possessed pronounced diuretic and anti-diuretic effect. The sesquiterpene
components are the major constituents and possibly contributed the diuretic and anti-diuretic activity.
THE PURVIEW OF PHYTOTHERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KIDNEY DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON NIGERIA AND SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Saheed Sabiu , Hendrik O’Neill Frans , Omotayo Tom Ashafa Anofi 
Published: May 2022

Background: The kidney is tasked with a number of metabolic functions in the body. In its role as a detoxifier and primary
eliminator of xenobiotics, it becomes vulnerable to developing injuries. Currently, over 1 million people in the world are living on
renal replacement therapies (RRTs). The case in sub-Sahara African countries like Nigeria and South Africa is not any better than
the global trend.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review of medicinal plants used in the treatment of kidney disorders was conducted.
Information were gathered from published scientific journals, books, reports from national, regional and international institutions,
conference proceedings and other high profile intellectual resources. MeSH words like ‘prevalence of kidney disorders in Africa’,
‘renal replacement therapy’, ‘nephrotoxins or nephrotoxicants’, ‘nephroprotective plants’, ‘nephroprotective plants in Nigeria or
South Africa’ and ‘nephroprotective phytocompounds’ were used to retrieve information from online databases (Google, Pubmed,
MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus and SID).
Results: Interestingly, our findings revealed that phytotherapy has emerged and is being employed to protect renal functions and
delay progression of renal pathological conditions into end episodes where the last resort is RRT. In fact, in recent times,
Phytotherapists are not only interested in developing relatively safe, more affordable, easily accessible and potent nephroprotective
formulations but also increasing awareness on the prevalence of the disease and educating the populace on the probable preventive
measures. More importantly, efforts at scientifically elucidating the pharmacological efficacy of the identified nephroprotective
plants yet to be validated must be intensified through informed expert opinions. Till date, there is paucity of information on the
concept of nephroprotection in most developing countries where kidney disorder is a major threat. Although, the concept is just
emerging in South Africa, evidences have given credence to its application in complementary and alternative system of medicine in
Nigeria.
Conclusion: This review, therefore, reawaken researchers’ consciousness in the continuous search for auspicious nephroprotective
plants that could potentially be excellent candidates in developing new lead drugs to manage and treat renal disorders.
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF DIANTHUS SUPERBUSN L. AGAINST HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Authors: Li Wei Guo , Wang He-Qun 
Published: May 2022

Background: Hepatitis is a viral infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Limitations of drug used in the management of it opens the
interest related to alternative medicine. The given study deals with the antiviral activity of Dianthus superbusn L. (DSL) against HBV in
vitro & in vivo.
Material and Methods: In vitro study liver cell line HepG2.2.15 was used by transinfected it with HBV. Cytotoxicity stduy was
performed by using different concentrations of DSL such as 50, 100, 200, 500 & 1000 μg/ml. Anti HBV activity of DSL was estimated
by assesing the concentration of HBsAg and HbeAg in cell culture medium by using ELISA. Whereas in vivo study was performed on
ducklings and antiviral activity of DSL (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) was confirmed by estimating the serum concentration of HBV DNA and
histopathology study of hepatocytes in HBV infected ducklings.
Result: Result of the study suggested that >500 μg/ml concentration of hydroalcoholic extract of DSL was found tobe cytotoxic. It was
also observed that DSL significantly (p
NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PRESENCE OF BILIRUBIN IN A PLANT SPECIES STRELITZIA NICOLAI (STRELITZIACEAE).
Authors: Dwarka Depika , Thaver Veneesha , Naidu Mickey , Baijnath Himansu 
Published: May 2022

Background: The fortuitous discovery of an animal pigment bilirubin found in the plant Strelitzia nicolai has opened
an enormous number of questions regarding bilirubin’s formation and its ultimate function in the human body.
Materials and Methods: A methodical review of bilirubin in humans and animals was carried out, information was
gathered using published scientific journals, books and conference proceedings. Articles based on case studies of
elevated levels of bilirubin were analysed thoroughly.
Results: Even though for numerous years bilirubin was assumed to be merely a desecrate product of the heme catabolic
pathway by greatest, and a likely lethal compound at worst; statistics from the last few decades clearly shows that
placidly high serum bilirubin levels are robustly related to have abundant beneficial effects on the human body.
Conclusion: This study reveals new insights into the presence of the only animal pigment found in Strelitzia nicolai
arils, the potential advantages of bilirubin found in a plant and its therapeutic value indications. This review hopes to
resuscitate researchers’ credence regarding bilirubin as a toxic compound.