bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of hard and soft direct methods for DNA extraction from soil
Authors: Hill Patrick , Dextraze Mathieu F , Kroetsch David , Boddy Christopher N 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNucleic acid extraction is the first step in molecular biology studies of soil bacterial communities. The most common used soil DNA extraction method is the direct, hard extraction Mobio method, which uses bead beating to lyse bacteria. In this study we compared the Mobio method with a soft, enzymatic lysis extraction method. Next generation sequencing (Illumina and Pyrosequencing) of amplicons generated from four 16S primer pairs and DNA from 12 soils and 3 composts was used to compare the two extraction methods.Four bacterial orders, the delta proteobacterial Desulfuromonadales and gamma proteobacterial Pseudomonadales, Enterobacteriales, and Alteromonadales were more common in amplicons from soft extracted DNA, sometimes by two orders of magnitude. These groups can be a significant fraction of the bacterial population. For example the Pseudomonadales made up to 16 % and Enterobacteriales 10% of amplicons from Soft extracted DNA. The JG30-KF-CM45 order was under extracted by the enzymatic lysis extraction method. Results differed more by primer choice than extraction method and the phylogenetic resolution of differences between extraction methods changed with primer choice.Given how often Mobio extraction is used, these proteobacterial orders are probably under-represented in the studies of soil bacteria that use nucleic acid methods. Further improvements in soil DNA extraction are needed. Amplicons sequencing studies should use a range of different primers to confirm the phylogenetic resolution of their results.ImportanceSeveral large scale studies of soil bacteria that compare thousands of soil samples across continents have used the Mobio method for DNA extraction. Large scale studies like these are increasing with the recent establishment of the Global Soil Biodiversity Observation Network (Soil BON), which also uses the Mobio method. The results of this work will be used to make policy decisions about how to manage the soil and may be a guide for bioprospectors. As the Mobio method is so widely used, it is important to know its limitations. Studies that use the Mobio method underestimate the fraction of several proteobacterial groups. Most notably the Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas can be under extracted by 10-100 fold. The degree of under extraction varies with different soils.
Powerful and interpretable control of false discoveries in differential expression studies
Authors: Enjalbert-Courrech Nicolas , Neuvial Pierre 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotivationThe standard approach for statistical inference in differential expression (DE) analyses is to control the False Discovery Rate (FDR). However, controlling the FDR does not in fact imply that the proportion of false discoveries is upper bounded. Moreover, no statistical guarantee can be given on subsets of genes selected by FDR thresholding. These known limitations are overcome by post hoc inference, which provides guarantees of the number of proportion of false discoveries among arbitrary gene selections. However, post hoc inference methods are not yet widely used for DE studies.ResultsIn this paper, we demonstrate the relevance and illustrate the performance of adaptive interpolation-based post hoc methods for DE studies. First, we formalize the use of permutation-based methods to obtain sharp confidence bounds that are adaptive to the dependence between genes. Then, we introduce a generic linear time algorithm for computing post hoc bounds, making these bounds applicable to large-scale DE studies. The use of the resulting Adaptive Simes bound is illustrated on a RNA sequencing study. Comprehensive numerical experiments based on real microarray and RNA sequencing data demonstrate the statistical performance of the method.AvailabilityA cross-platform open source implementation within the R package sanssouci is available at https://pneuvial.github.io/sanssouci/.
Numerical study of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in dry microburst environment using large eddy simulation (LES) model
Authors: V. Somashekar , A. Immanuel Selwynraj 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
In a microburst wind, the profiles and characteristics are significantly different from those of normal boundary layer winds. The objective of this work is to study the microburst effect on the performance of aircraft for providing guidelines to frame escape strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
Large eddy simulation model is used to study the effect of microburst by simulating the actual physical process of microburst-generated downdraft environment over the unmanned aerial vehicle. In this work, an attempt has been made to simulate the dry microburst (microburst not accompanied by rain) numerically using the impinging jet model to explore the effect of microburst at 12° angle of attack for flight take-off condition with a Mach number 0.04.

Findings
The numerical results revealed the aerodynamic performance loss of an aircraft in the microburst-generated downdraft during take-off condition quantitatively. This could be a more valuable information to the aviation industry. The authors believe that the results shown in this paper will be useful for the designers of aircraft. This will also help train the pilots to control the airplanes in a microburst environment.

Practical implications
Severe thunderstorms are significant weather phenomena that have a significant impact on various facets of national activity, including civil and defence operations, specifically aviation, space vehicle launch and agriculture, in addition to their potential to cause damage to life and property.

Originality/value
The maximum percentage of pressure increases on the upper surface of the aircraft between 2 and 7 s is 99.86% under the microburst-generated downdraft condition. The flight escape maneuver could be initiated, before increasing the pressure on the upper surface of the aircraft. The aircraft flies with high airspeed through the microburst environment, where the microburst-generated downdraft is most severe.
The effect of opportunism on the success of international development (ID) projects in a context dominated by a collectivist culture
Authors: Kaboré Somnoma Edouard , Sané Seydou 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe effects of opportunism have been examined before, but not in specific contexts dominated by a collectivist culture. Thus, this research aims to examine the influence of opportunism on the success of International Development (ID) projects by incorporating a moderating factor – the collectivist dimension of national culture.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a primary database collected by questionnaire from 76 ID project coordinators in Burkina Faso (West Africa). The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Method (PLS-SEM) was used to test our hypotheses.FindingsOur results show that opportunism has a direct negative impact on the success of ID projects. Similarly, the collectivist cultural context is to be considered as an independent variable and not a moderating factor. Indeed, the collectivist cultural context has an important positive influence on the project success. Our results call for the implementation of governance mechanisms (especially relational) to prevent opportunistic behaviour.Originality/valueUntil now, the study of the role of culture in the relationship between opportunism and project success has been neglected. Syntheses of the scientific literature on this topic do not mention any studies that have explored the moderating role of collectivist culture on the relationship between opportunism and project success. This is, to our knowledge, the first study conducted in Africa to examine these relationships in the context of ID projects.
Corporate social responsibility and earnings quality in family firms
Authors: Brahem Emna , Depoers Florence , Lakhal Faten 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings quality, specifically in family firms.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of French-listed firms from the period 2005 to 2016, the authors use the instrumental variable approach based on a two-stage least-squares (2SLS) estimator.FindingsThe results show that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance is positively associated with the relevance and faithful representation of earnings. This means that companies that commit to CSR activities are more likely to provide high earnings quality. The results also show that the positive association between CSR performance and earnings quality is more prevalent in family firms suggesting that socially responsible family firms are willing to preserve their socio-emotional wealth by disclosing high quality earnings.Research limitations/implicationsThe results suggest that French firms commit to CSR to satisfy the interests of their stakeholders by disclosing high-quality information supporting the conflict resolution view of CSR. The findings also support the socio-emotional wealth perspective and suggest that family firms that engage in CSR activities provide a rich informational environment through high earnings quality.Practical implicationsThis study’s findings can be thus useful to investors for their portfolio management decisions by enabling them to identify the profile of companies with high earnings quality. These results may also help standard-setters and capital-market regulators improve market transparency by introducing new requirements to encourage investing in CSR.Originality/valueThis study extends the research on the relationship between CSR and earnings quality by focusing on two fundamental characteristics including relevance and faithful representation. This paper focuses on the effect of CSR on earnings quality in the specific context of family firms. This study offers then a better understanding of whether socially responsible family firms communicate stronger or weaker earnings quality than non-family firms based on the agency and socio-emotional wealth perspectives.
Quality of work-life: scale construction and validation
Authors: Zaman Sumbul , Ansari Amirul Hasan 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThere is a compelling need for developing constructs in management science rather than adapting the constructs that have been developed in other domains. Having emerged in the 1950s, quality of work-life (QWL) measures have proved to be ineffective due to the lack of conceptual clarity and theoretical support. The article analyses the QWL measures highlights their coherence and verifies them for being used in specific contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe study includes three stages to develop a QWL Measurement Scale. Fourteen questions were developed based on QWL concepts. They were validated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) which split the dimensions into five factors. A survey was conducted on 375 medical residents. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergence and validity were tested along the five dimensions.FindingsResults extend the QWL concept and provide theoretical support for the same. Five dimensions were developed to measure QWL namely: pay and benefits, supervision, intra-group relations, working conditions and training.Practical implicationsThe study may offer an overview of evaluation strategies to researchers and organizations that aim to improve employee QWL while they enhance its effectiveness through reliable instruments.Originality/valueThe scale developed in this study contributes to the body of QWL literature in the healthcare arena. It may be beneficial to carry out further research in this domain.
Linking climate change vulnerability research and evidence on conservation action effectiveness to safeguard European seabird populations
Authors: Hakkinen Henry , Petrovan Silviu O. , Sutherland William J. , Dias Maria P. , Ameca Eric I. , Oppel Steffen , Ramírez Iván , Lawson Becki , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Bowgen Katharine M. , Taylor Nigel G. , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

An increasing number of species are facing unprecedented levels of threat to their long‐term survival due to the direct and indirect impacts of climate change. Key opportunities for science to inform wildlife management are linked to increasing our understanding of how changes in climatic conditions will impact species, as well as whether, and how, managers may facilitate species' ability to adapt to change. However, information on species' climate change vulnerability and the effectiveness of potential conservation actions are not yet strategically collected or collated; this disconnect between threat level, ecological research and conservation practice is reducing the opportunities to guide decision‐making, ultimately hindering conservation outcomes.

To demonstrate this point, we explore how existing knowledge can be brought together in a pressure‐state‐response framework that connects climate change ecology, conservation evidence assessments and management. Seabirds in Western Europe are used as a case study, as they are well‐researched and vulnerable to climate change. Using a combination of literature reviews and surveys, we identify the main threats posed to seabirds in the region by climate change, as well as existing conservation actions that could be applied to lessen the impacts of each of these threats.

Our results show that 29% of the types of actions considered for reducing the impacts of climate change on seabirds are either associated with conflicting evidence or lack sufficient information to make robust conclusions about their effectiveness: actions aiming at restoring or creating habitat, encouraging relocation, treating or preventing disease, and reducing inter‐species competition all have limited or mixed evidence to support their use. Moreover, several threats identified by conservation practitioners as being of high priority to address, such as changes in prey abundance and eutrophication, have few or no viable identified actions to reduce their impact on seabirds.

Synthesis and applications. We suggest that existing knowledge on species vulnerability to climate change and evidence of conservation action effectiveness should be more commonly brought together in tailored pressure‐state‐response frameworks. Such an approach provides an easily transferable platform for identifying missing information and areas where connections between research and management need to be tightened to improve conservation outcomes.
Plant chemical diversity and its frequency have distinct but complementary effects on insect foraging
Authors: Hauri Kayleigh C. , Glassmire Andrea E. , Randall Brendan , Zehr Luke N. , Wetzel William C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Variability in plant traits such as nutrients and defences can challenge insect herbivores searching for a host plant. Cultivar mixtures are designed to harness this variability to reduce herbivore damage in agroecosystems but have had mixed success.

We examine how the spatial frequency of plant trait variability—a fundamental but rarely examined feature of variability—influences insect foraging and survival. We released a generalist herbivore into monocultures of two chemically distinct tomato varieties or dicultures of the two varieties with two spatial frequencies of chemical diversity and tracked herbivore movement and feeding damage.

We found the pattern of herbivore feeding damage was more spatially concentrated in both diculture treatments than in either monoculture, indicating that the presence of chemical diversity, regardless of its spatial frequency, influences herbivore foraging.

In contrast, total amount of feeding damage was reduced by 25% in dicultures where genotypes were grouped compared to monocultures or dicultures with alternating genotypes, which had similar levels of damage.

Similarly, herbivore survival in the low‐frequency diculture was nearly half the survival in the high‐frequency diculture or monocultures.

Synthesis and applications. Whereas previous work investigates how the amount of chemical diversity in a plant population influences insect ecology, our results indicate that local spatial distribution of diversity is equally important. A key implication of this work is the potential to design cultivar mixtures spatially, at the movement scale of target organisms, to create more effective pest management landscapes and promote sustainable agriculture.
Reflecting Team Practices outside the therapy room: A thematic analysis of a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) away‐day process with a team undergoing change
Authors: Coles Sarah Jane , Reed‐Purvis Shona 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates whether Reflecting Team Practices (RTP) are a helpful tool to a team (i) undergoing change and (ii) to facilitate staff being heard across the hierarchy. We hypothesised that RTP would enable staff to speak and be listened to, in relation to their experiences of organisational restructuring. We offered three team away‐day and follow‐up processes. Due to the paucity of systematic research in this area, we designed a qualitative process, utilising individual interviews with four team members aged 30–59 years. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. Thematic analysis yielded seven themes, which enabled understanding of our team’s experiences of separating talking and listening. It has also led to wider changes in our teams functioning and our communication with other parts of the organisation in which we work. The results are very limited due to the small sample size, but further research in this area is warranted.
(Extra)ordinary News: Foreign Reporting on English Politics under William III
Authors: Schaich Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the late 17th and early 18th centuries a number of German governments received regular updates on English politics from London‐based intelligencers. This article examines and compares two sets of these reports from the year 1694, composed by Guillaume Beyrie and Frédéric Bonnet for the Guelph courts in Celle and Hanover and the Prussian court in Berlin respectively. It describes the distinctive character of the reports and situates them within a typology of scribal news ranging from commercial newsletters to the classic diplomatic despatch. In addition, it analyses the detailed political coverage of the accounts which was centred mainly on the royal court and parliament and uncovers some of the sources from which the information originated.
‘Sir Madam’: Female Consumers of Parliamentary News in Manuscript Newsletters
Authors: King Rachael Scarborough 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the manuscript newsletters received by two women in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Anne Pole and Susannah Newey. Although women have often been excluded from discussion of manuscript news circulation, these women's newsletters, especially the parliamentary news they contained, reveal important information about the turn of the 18th‐century news industry. Both women received and shared parliamentary news provided by paid news writers in London. Their roles as recipients and circulators of manuscript newsletters elucidate how the news industry was developing and professionalising at a moment that also saw the takeoff of the printed newspaper.
Inscripting Rebellion: The Newdigate Manuscript Newsletters, Printed Newspapers and the Cultural Memory of the 1715 Rising*
Authors: Davis Leith 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I bring a literary critic's perspective to the study of the continued use of manuscript newsletters in the 18th century. I suggest that by comparing and contrasting the treatment of political news in official manuscript newsletters and printed newspapers during a specific and limited time period in the early 18th century, the beginning of what became known as the 1715 Jacobite Rising, we can see in relief the different affordances of each medium, gain further information about what role scribal news played in conveying political information and understand why it eventually lost traction. Analysing the news coverage in the Newdigate manuscript newsletters and in five newspapers ranging across the political spectrum, I suggest that the 1715 Rising in fact presented an opportunity for newspapers to compete with manuscript newsletters’ established authority as they conveyed news that was occurring in the locations of conflict in a more timely and thorough manner. At the same time, the affordances of the newspaper form also amplified the impression of the 1715 Rising as a disjointed and uncontrollable series of events. The essay concludes by examining the information management that took place in the printed histories produced in the aftermath of the conflict as they wove the newspaper reports together into narratives that minimised the danger that the events of 1715 had actually posed.
Isolation and characterization of the anthocyanins derived from red radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) and the protective ability of β‐lactoglobulin against heat‐induced oxidation
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Gong Pengling , Xu Mengyi , Li Deyang , Sun Jiatong , Zhou Dayong , Zhu Beiwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study employed the “two‐step dialysis” method and AB‐8 or D101 macroporous resin chromatography to isolate the anthocyanins in red radishes (ARR). The red radish juice was dialyzed twice at 3000 and 500 Da, respectively. UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS revealed 24 types of ARRs, of which pelargonidin (Pg)‐3‐diglucoside‐5‐(malonyl)glucoside (P3D5MG), Pg‐3‐diglucoside‐5‐glucoside (P3D5G), Pg‐3‐(feruloyl)diglucoside‐5‐(malonyl)glucoside (P3FD5MG), Pg, and malvidin (Mv) represented the main compounds. The total anthocyanin content in the ARR prepared via the “two‐step dialysis” method was 29.69% and 18.44% higher than that obtained using AB‐8 and D101 macroporous resins, respectively. The ARRs inhibited heat‐induced β‐lactoglobulin (β‐Lg) oxidation. The amino acid residue microenvironment and secondary β‐Lg structure were modified via ARR binding. The energy involved in P3D5MG and β‐Lg binding was −392 kJ/mol, which was significantly lower than that during the binding process of P3D5M, P3FD5MG, Pg, and Mv to β‐Lg (−338 to −168 kJ/mol). These results indicated that “two‐step dialysis” was a promising method for deriving natural pigment with strong antioxidant activity from red radishes.Practical ApplicationAs a natural food colorant, anthocyanins have attracted increasing attention in the food industry in recent years. This study used “two‐step dialysis” to effectively separate ARRs. Moreover, the anthocyanins in ARR can bind to β‐Lg to protect against heating‐induced oxidation. Therefore, ARRs may not only act as a food pigment but also as antioxidants.