bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Walleye and Saugeye Gill-Net Encounter Probability in a Reservoir with Simple Morphometry
Authors: Kinter Bryan T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Proper interpretation of gill-net survey data requires knowledge of gill-net encounter probabilities for target species, including understanding how variation in habitat use and movement rate affects encounter probability. However, few estimates of encounter probability exist. Further, previous studies have hypothesized that gill-net encounter probability is proportional to swimming speed, which increases with fish size. However, potential swimming speed may not be reflective of movement rates and encounter probability due to species-specific biology and behaviors. I used a large telemetry data set consisting of 483,169 fine-scale positions (&lt;5-m resolution) of Walleye Sander vitreus and saugeye (Walleye × Sauger S. canadensis) to simulate daily North American standard gill-net surveys. I tagged and tracked 42 fish (340–614 mm) during both 2013 and 2014 and determined whether each fish position from April to November was within 24.8 m of shore (the length of the North American standard net). I also determined fish movement rate (m/h) during simulated gill-net surveys and whether each fish track during each survey crossed 24.8-m “virtual” gill nets. I then used Bayesian multi-level models to evaluate how nearshore habitat use, movement rate, and gill-net encounter probability varied with fish length, species, and month. Movement rate (m/h) and gill-net encounter probability were greatest for both Walleye and saugeye during April, May, and June, but neither movement rate nor encounter probability increased with fish length during most months. Walleye used nearshore habitats less frequently than saugeye, especially during September and November, resulting in lower gill-net encounter probabilities for Walleye. These results show that gill-net encounter probability varies across species, months, and occasionally fish lengths due to variation in both habitat use and movement rate. These outcomes also indicate that total gill-net selectivity may change throughout the year due to changes in the relationship between fish length and gill-net encounter probability.
Multi‐objective optimization of mechanically stabilized earth retaining wall using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Kashani Ali R. , Camp Charles V. , Azizi Koorosh , Rostamian Mehdi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper uses evolutionary optimization algorithms to study the multi‐objective optimization of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls. Five multi‐objective optimization algorithms, including the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II), strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm II (SPEA‐II), multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), multi‐objective multi‐verse optimization (MVO), and Pareto envelope‐based selection algorithm II (PESA‐II), are applied to the design procedure. MSE wall design requires two major requirements: external stability and internal stability. In this study, the optimality criterion is to minimize cost and its trade‐off with the factor of safety (FOS). To this end, two objectives are defined: (1) minimum cost, (2) maximum FOS. Three different strategies are considered for reinforcement combinations in the numerical simulations. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the variation of significant parameters, including backfill slope, wall height, horizontal earthquake coefficient, and surcharge load. The efficiency of the utilized algorithms was assessed through three well‐known coverage set measures, diversity, and hypervolume. These measures were further examined using basic statistical measures (i.e., min, max, standard deviation) and the Friedman test with a 95% confidence level.
An adaptive projection‐based model reduction method for nonlinear mechanics with internal variables: Application to thermo‐hydro‐mechanical systems
Authors: Iollo Angelo , Sambataro Giulia , Taddei Tommaso 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe propose a projection‐based monolithic model order reduction procedure for a class of problems in nonlinear mechanics with internal variables. The work is motivated by applications to thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) systems for radioactive waste disposal. THM equations model the behavior of temperature, pore water pressure, and solid displacement in the neighborhood of geological repositories, which contain radioactive waste and are responsible for a significant thermal flux toward the Earth's surface. We develop an adaptive sampling strategy based on the POD‐Greedy method, and we develop an element‐wise empirical quadrature hyper‐reduction procedure to reduce assembling costs. We present numerical results for a two‐dimensional THM system to illustrate and validate the proposed methodology.
Three‐dimensional hybrid‐Trefftz displacement elements for poroelastodynamic problems in saturated media
Authors: Climent Natalia , Moldovan Ionut Dragos , Freitas João António 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe hybrid‐Trefftz displacement element formulation for poroelastodyamics in three‐dimensional saturated media is presented in this article. The governing equations are integrated in time using a wavelet decomposition which expands the time‐dependent problem into several spectral problems. Displacements are discretized in each finite element and tractions are approximated on each essential element boundary (displacement model). The displacement approximation functions satisfy the governing equations of the media (Trefftz constraint) and are not linked to the nodes. Trefftz bases are derived solving the governing equations and are composed of four types of modes: two compression waves and two shear waves. The weak enforcement of the Navier equation and boundary conditions yields a solving system where the unknown are the weights of the approximation bases. Numerical tests have been carried out to assess the convergence of the models. The results of the simulations are satisfactory: the numerical tests converge to known analytical solutions and the simulation of a propagation of a vertical shock wave is consistent to the one obtained with a 2D plane simulation under the same conditions. The results of a bender element test simulation in three dimensions are also presented.
Recursive grain remapping scheme for phase‐field models of additive manufacturing
Authors: Chadwick Alexander F. , Voorhees Peter W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe phase‐field method is an attractive tool in modeling microstructural evolution due to rapid solidification under additive manufacturing conditions, but typical polycrystalline models are prone to grain coalescence. Grain tracking and remapping schemes can eliminate artificial coalescence and increase the number of grains and crystallographic orientations that may be considered in a simulation, but previous tracking and remapping schemes may not efficiently capture the complex grain morphologies that form during additive manufacturing. A new recursive scheme is derived from a binary tree of axis‐aligned bounding boxes that can efficiently represent columnar and irregularly shaped grains. We demonstrate the power of this approach by simulating microstructures with hundreds to thousands of grains and quantify the reduction in the number of order parameters required to represent the microstructure. The new scheme leads to orders of magnitude fewer computational resources as compared to the naïve paradigm of one grain per order parameter, and also offers a substantial improvement over algorithms derived from bounding spheres.
Education, income, and obesity: A nationwide Chinese twin study
Authors: Zheng Ke , Gao Wenjing , Cao Weihua , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Wang Shengfeng , Huang Tao , Sun Dianjianyi , Liao Chunxiao , Pang Yuanjie , Pang Zengchang , Yu Min , Wang Hua , Wu Xianping , Dong Zhong , Wu Fan , Jiang Guohong , Wang Xiaojie , Liu Yu , Deng Jian , Lu Lin , Li Liming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association of socioeconomic status with obesity.MethodsA total of 39,262 twin individuals were included from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Generalized estimating equation models for unmatched twin individual analyses and conditional logistic regression for the co‐twin matched design were used. Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) was used to explore the evidence of a causal relationship.ResultsIn general estimating equation models, high education level and income were associated with lower risk of obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.65 to 0.84] and 0.86 [95% CI: 0.77 to 0.96]). In conditional logistic regression analysis, the association with education was significant (OR = 0.50 [95% CI: 0.34 to 0.74]) but the association with income was insignificant (OR = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.48 to 1.15]). From the ICE FALCON analysis, a twin’s obesity was associated with the co‐twin’s education and income. After adjusting for the twin’s own education, the association disappeared ( = −0.10 [95% CI: −0.26 to 0.07]), whereas the twin’s obesity was still associated with the co‐twin’s income but attenuated toward the null ( = −0.21 [95% CI: −0.36 to −0.06]).ConclusionsSocioeconomic status is negatively associated with obesity. Education may have a causal effect on obesity, whereas the association between income and obesity is confounded by familial factors.
Perceived inclusivity and trust in protected area management decisions among stakeholders in Alaska
Authors: Goodson Devin J. , van Riper Carena J. , Andrade Riley , Cebrián‐Piqueras Miguel A. , Hauber Mark E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The success of conservation initiatives often depends on the inclusion of diverse stakeholder interests in the decision‐making process. Yet, there is a paucity of empirical knowledge concerning the factors that explain why stakeholders do—or do not— believe that they are meaningfully represented by government agencies.

Our study provides insight into the relationship between trust and stakeholder perceptions of inclusivity in public land management decisions. Here, we focus on the U.S. state of Alaska, where almost two‐thirds of the land area are managed by the federal government.

We used structural equation modelling to test whether an individual's trust and the information sources used to learn about land management positively influenced perceived inclusivity. We conceptualized trust in terms of four dimensions that reflected an individual's disposition to trust, trust in the federal government, trust in shared values and trust that agencies adhere to a moral code.

We found that survey respondents across the U.S. state of Alaska had a limited disposition to trust others, did not trust federal land management agencies, did not believe agencies shared their values pertaining to protected area management and did not believe that agencies adhered to a moral code.

Beliefs about the morality of agencies were the primary driver of perceived inclusivity in land management decisions, indicating that agencies should focus on solving problems through deliberation and discussion about moral principles rather than by force.

Information acquired from professional, community‐based or environmental advocacy exchanges also positively influenced perceived levels of involvement among stakeholders in resource management decisions.

These results provide a roadmap for how land management agencies can improve public relations and work towards a model of inclusive conservation around protected areas.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Human impacts on riverbed morphology and hydrology in the lower reaches of the West River, China
Authors: Zhang Ming , Feng Xiaoxiang , Yan Tao , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNatural and anthropogenic factors have led to a series of fluvial sedimentation and hydrological changes in the lower West River, China. To evaluate the influence of human activities on the channel's morphology and examine the hydrological responses, we analyzed channel adjustments and changes of low water levels in the main river channel between Wuzhou and Zhaoqing that occurred over the recent decades. Due to a remarkable decrease in the suspended sediment concentration, the suspended sediment outputs during this period were larger than the sediment inputs for 27 consecutive years from 1987 to 2013. Therefore, the riverbed became a sediment source, with a high scouring of riverbed material. Between 2004 and 2014, the channel capacity of the lower reaches increased by 302.02 × 106 m3, and the average riverbed elevation decreased by 2.21 m, approximately 11.8% of which was caused by bed sediment loss induced by natural scour through sediment depletion; the remainder was caused by waterway engineering and sand mining, accounting for 0.8 and 87.4%, respectively. Approximately 91.3% of 1,312 river cross‐sections exhibited downcutting, indicating significant adjustment of the riverbed. This resulted in a substantial decline in the low water level in the 44‐km upstream section above Ducheng, which is located at the end of the tidal limit during dry seasons. However, this change was not noticeable in the section below Ducheng owing to the small water surface gradient and tidal influence. These findings reveal that human activities are a major driving force in the evolution of large rivers and the complexity of the hydrological responses to riverbed downcutting in a tidal reach, providing useful information for future river sand mining management and navigable engineering design of the lower West River and other rivers.
Group sequential design for randomized trials using “first hitting time” model
Authors: Chen Yiming , Lawrence John , Lee Mei‐Ling Ting 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGroup sequential design (GSD) has become a popular choice in recent clinical trials as it improves trial efficiency by providing options for early termination. The implementation of traditional tests for survival analysis (eg, the log‐rank test and the Cox proportional hazard (PH) model) in the GSD setting has been widely discussed. The PH assumption is required for conventional (sequential) design, it is, however, often violated in practice. As an alternative, some generalized tests have been proposed (eg, the Max‐Combo test) and their efficacies have been established. In this article, we explore the application of a more flexible, “first hitting time” based threshold regression (TR) model to GSD. TR assumes that subjects' health status is a latent (unobservable) process, and the clinical event of interest occurs when the latent health process hits a pre‐specified boundary. The simulation results supported our findings that, in most cases, this comparable new method can successfully control type I error while providing higher early stopping opportunities in the sequential design, even when non‐proportional hazard presents.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study, the Reaction Mechanism and Topological Properties of the Microscopic Interaction of PuO2 and H2O
Authors: Shan Na , Wang QingQing , Xiao HuaGang , Wan Lei , Gao Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) and transition state theory(TST) were used to study the interaction between PuO2 and H2O. Firstly, we considered all possible spin states. The wave function was tested and optimized to get a stable configuration, and a minimal energy path(MEP) was derived so that the internuclear separations and interaction energy can be reasonably evaluated. Moreover, various topological analysis methods were used to investigate the changes in bonds during the interaction process. The localized orbital bonding analysis (LOBA) method was used to study the changes in the valence state of the product. The density of states diagram was drawn to analyze the contribution of 5 f orbital in the reaction process. And with the help of natural bond orbit (NBO) analysis, the bond orbit information was described. Finally, the reaction rate constant was calculated using the variational transition state theory (VTST). The current research provides necessary theoretical data support for the follow‐up related theoretical experimental research.
Boron‐Based Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitter with Suppressed Intermolecular Interaction and Isomer Formation for Efficient Pure Blue OLEDs
Authors: Cheon Hyung Jin , Shin Youn‐Seob , Park Noh‐Hwal , Lee Jeong‐Hwan , Kim Yun‐Hi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMulti‐resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters are highly attractive due to their superior color purity as well as efficient light‐harvesting ability from singlets and triplets. However, boron and nitrogen‐based MR‐TADF emitters suffer from their strong π–π interaction owing to their rigid flat cores. Herein, a boron‐based multi‐resonance blue TADF emitter with suppressed intermolecular interaction and isomer formation is developed through a simple synthetic process by introducing meta‐xylene and meta‐phenyphenyl groups to the core. The MR‐TADF emitter, mBP‐DABNA‐Me, shows a narrowband blue emission with a peak at 467 nm, along with full width at half maximum of 28 nm, and photoluminescence quantum yield of 97%. Notably, highly efficient pure blue organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) is realized using mBP‐DABNA‐Me, showing a maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.3% and a stable blue emission with a Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinate of (0.124, 0.140). The color purity of the OLED is maintained at a high doping concentration of over 20%, attributed to the suppressed intermolecular interaction between the MR emitters.
Zu Datengrundlage und Datenqualität: Methodische Reflexion zur quantitativen Erhebung während der Corona-Krise
Authors: Prandner Dimitri 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungZiel von sozialwissenschaftlichen Umfragen ist es inhaltlich relevante und für die jeweilige Population aussagekräftige Daten zu generieren. Die Corona-Krise hat die Umfrageforschung in mehrfacher Hinsicht vor Herausforderungen gestellt: 1) Es war aufgrund der Rahmenbedingungen während der Pandemie nicht möglich etablierte Erhebungsformen, wie das Face-to-Face-Interview, zu nutzen. 2) Aufgrund der spezifischen Dynamik der Krise war es ebenso unmöglich, längerfristig Erhebungsmethode, Datenerhebungsinstrumente und die Umsetzung der Studien zu planen. Das folgende Kapitel präsentiert mit demAustrian Corona Panel Projectund der österreichischenValues in CrisisUmfrage die zwei zentralen Erhebungen, auf denen der SammelbandÖsterreich in der Corona-Krise. Ergebnisse aus sozialwissenschaftlichen Umfragenaufbaut. Neben einer Vorstellung der Erhebungsdesigns werden überblicksartig Informationen zur Datenqualität der Erhebungen präsentiert.
Arbeit und Familie im Covid-19-Alltag
Authors: Beham-Rabanser Martina , Scaria-Braunstein Karin , Haring-Mosbacher Sabine A. , Forstner Matthias , Bacher Johann 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie zur Bekämpfung der Covid-19-Pandemie von den Regierungen gesetzten Einschränkungen und Maßnahmen im ersten Lockdown im Frühjahr 2020 beeinflussten unser berufliches und privates Alltagsleben in einem bis dato unbekannten Ausmaß. Wie sich dabei der Stellenwert von Familie und Kindern bzw. Arbeit und Beruf veränderte und welche Rolle dabei die konkrete individuelle Lebenssituation und damit einhergehende Stressoren spielen, analysiert der vorliegende Beitrag. Neben den Daten der Values in Crisis Umfrage (VIC) (Aschauer et al., 2020) und dem Sozialen Survey Österreich 2016 (SSÖ) (Prandner, 2019) wird in den Analysen auf eine qualitative Primärstudie zurückgegriffen (Haring-Mosbacher und Scaria-Braunstein, 2021), um neben Wertorientierungen auch Muster der Alltagsbewältigung herauszuarbeiten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Während bei Frauen in der ersten Phase der Corona-Krise die Wichtigkeit von Familie und Kindern gegenüber 2016 gleichgeblieben ist und jene von Arbeit und Beruf leicht zurückging, hat bei Männern der Stellenwert von Arbeit und Beruf deutlich abgenommen. Zugleich belegen die qualitativen Analysen, bei denen besonderes Augenmerk auf die spezifische Situation von Frauen in der „Rushhour des Lebens“ (zwischen Ende 20 und Mitte 40) gerichtet wird, dass ihre Alltagswelt eine sehr heterogene war: Die starke Entgrenzung des Arbeitsalltags, die Hauptverantwortung für Betreuungs- und Haushaltsarbeiten, inklusive Homeschooling, sowie eine starke Gefühlsambivalenz waren für die Zeit des ersten Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 charakteristisch.
Die Frage der Einkommensgerechtigkeit in Zeiten der Corona-Krise
Authors: Eder Anja , Höllinger Franz 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise hat deutlich gemacht, welche Berufe für die Aufrechterhaltung der Grundfunktionen in der österreichischen Gesellschaft von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Die sogenannten Systemerhaltenden im Sozial-, Gesundheits- und Pflegebereich sowie im Handel ernteten im ersten Lockdown viel Anerkennung vonseiten der Politik; im Zuge dessen wurden auch Stimmen laut, die für eine entsprechende finanzielle Honorierung des Einsatzes dieser Berufsgruppen eintraten. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht anhand des Vergleichs von Umfragedaten aus dem Jahr 2009 und Daten, die während der Corona-Krise erhoben wurden, der Frage nach, welche Einkommenshöhen die österreichische Bevölkerung für verschiedene Berufsgruppen als gerecht empfindet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Befragten zu beiden Erhebungszeitpunkten für eine massive Reduktion der Einkommen von Eliteberufen (Manager*innen und Politiker*innen) aussprechen, während die Einkommen von statusniedrigen Berufen im Einzelhandel und in der Industrie, ihrer Ansicht nach, erhöht werden sollten. Während der Corona-Krise tritt diese Tendenz verstärkt zu Tage. Der Berufsgruppe der Allgemeinmediziner*innen wird hingegen zu beiden Zeitpunkten, insbesondere während der Corona-Krise, ein relativ hohes Einkommen zugestanden. Gleichzeitig ist in der Krise auch die Befürwortung eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens etwas höher, wobei die Bevölkerung in dieser Frage nach wie vor gespalten ist und sich zunehmend polarisierte.
Direct computation of monodromy matrices and classification of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 heterotic-IIA dual vacua
Authors: Enoki Yuichi , Watari Taizan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We compute the monodromy matrices on the special geometry of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 Heterotic-IIA dual vacua in some simple cases by numerical evaluation of the period integrals, without assuming a geometric background. The integrality of the monodromy matrices constrains some classification invariants of the string vacua. We also mention some mathematical open problems on period polynomials for modular forms with poles.