bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Issue: Geostatistics and Machine Learning
Authors: De Iaco Sandra , Hristopulos Dionissios T. , Lin Guang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent years have seen a steady growth in the number of papers that apply machine learning methods to problems in the earth sciences. Although they have different origins, machine learning and geostatistics share concepts and methods. For example, the kriging formalism can be cast in the machine learning framework of Gaussian process regression. Machine learning, with its focus on algorithms and ability to seek, identify, and exploit hidden structures in big data sets, is providing new tools for exploration and prediction in the earth sciences. Geostatistics, on the other hand, offers interpretable models of spatial (and spatiotemporal) dependence. This special issue onGeostatistics and Machine Learningaims to investigate applications of machine learning methods as well as hybrid approaches combining machine learning and geostatistics which advance our understanding and predictive ability of spatial processes.
Identification and validation of a QTL for spikelet number on chromosome arm 6BL of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Katz Andrew , Byrne Patrick , Reid Scott , Bratschun Sarah , Haley Scott , Pearce Stephen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo provide food security for a growing world population, it will be necessary to increase yields of staple crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Yield is a complex, polygenic trait influenced by grain weight and number, which are negatively correlated with one another. Spikelet number is an important determinant of grain number, but allelic variants impacting its expression are often associated with heading date, constraining their use in wheat germplasm that must be adapted for specific environments. Identification and characterization of genetic variants affecting spikelet number will increase selection efficiency through their deployment in breeding programs. In this study, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome arm 6BL for spikelet number was identified and validated using an association mapping panel, a recombinant inbred line population, and seven derived heterogeneous inbred families. The superior allele, QSn.csu-6Bb, was associated with an increase of 0.248 to 0.808 spikelets per spike across multiple environments that varied for mean spikelet number. Despite epistatic interactions between QSn.csu-6B and three other loci (WAPO-A1, VRN-D3, and PPD-B1), genotypes with a greater number of superior alleles at these loci consistently exhibit higher spikelet number. The frequency of superior alleles at these loci varies among winter wheat varieties adapted to different latitudes of the US Great Plains, revealing opportunities for breeders to select for increased spikelet number using simple molecular markers. This work lays the foundation for the positional cloning of the genetic variant underlying the QSn.csu-6B QTL to strengthen our understanding of spikelet number determination in wheat.
Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis of the Right Hand Caused by Exophiala jeanselmei: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wu Chongyang , Shu Ling , Chen Zhixing , Hu Qianrong , Tao Lijun , He Chao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExophialaspp. is increasingly reported as a pathogen causing the cutaneous, subcutaneous or invasive infection. In this report, we present a case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due toE. jeanselmeion the right hand of a farmer,who suffered from this disease three years ago which had not been definitely diagnosed until he was admitted to our hospital. In our hospital, a potential fungal pathogen was observed by histopathological examination, and then was recovered and identified asE. jeanselmeiby sequencing its internal transcribed spacer region. After 4 weeks of antifungal treatment, his hand recovered very well. To investigate the in vitro susceptibility ofE. jeanselmeiisolates to antifungal agents and compare the characteristics of their related infections among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, we reviewed 84 cases published in PubMed database between 1980 and 2020.
Strain sensing in underwater acoustics with a hybrid π-shifted FBG and different interrogation methods
Authors: El-Gammal Hanan M. , Ismail Nour Eldin , Rizk Mohamed R. M. , Aly Moustafa H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough Piezo-Electric Transducers (PZT) hydrophones are widely accepted and technologically mature in the field of Acoustic Emissions (AE) strain sensing underwater, optical fiber-based sensors are gaining more attraction due to their multiplexing capability, small size, high resolution, high sensitivity and immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). In this paper, we propose a hybrid Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) system based on combining two apodized FBGs (AFBGs); named Nuttall and Cos8, separated by a pi-phase shift to apply it for underwater strain sensing. This combination results in optimum performance in terms of the reflection properties including high peak reflectivity, narrow Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), remarkable side lobes suppression, high roll-off rate, good Ripple Factor (RF) and high Detection Accuracy (DA) as well. In addition, an excellent multiplexing capability, high temperature and strain sensitivities and a stable operation over increased temperatures, strain and pressure levels (up to 250 °C, 1000 µstrain and 100 MPa) are achieved. Moreover, mechanical analysis and comparisons revealed that the Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) recorded the highest sensitivity among other fiber types and their coatings with a value of 1.43 pm/µstrain, making it applicable in the strain sensing in underwater acoustics. Furthermore, in this work, a detailed comparative study is performed between several types of interrogators targeting an optimum interrogator for the strain sensing application in underwater acoustics. The obtained results reveal that the linear edge absorption filter detection method achieves better results among the other types. But, unfortunately, when talking about the multiplexing capability, it shows a remarkable failure. Whereas, the Mach–Zehnder. Interferometry (MZI) comes in the second place with higher resolution range (103–104) with tunable sensitivity, fast measurement speed, good long-term stability, high multiplexing capability and medium cost. Accordingly, it could be applicable in the application understudy.
Legume nutrition is improved by neighbouring grasses
Authors: Wei Zhang , Maxwell Thomas M. R. , Robinson Brett , Dickinson Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Combinations of grasses and nitrogen-fixing legumes are ubiquitous in most natural and derived pastoral grasslands. This was not formerly the case in New Zealand’s unique indigenous grasslands that are now frequently impacted by exotic pasture grasses and legumes. Understanding the co-existence of native and exotic plants is the broad focus of this research.

Aims
Spillover of nitrogen (N) from clovers to grasses in diverse pasture is well known. We question whether grasses provide reciprocal nutritional benefits to legumes. Does the mutual exploitation of soil biogeochemistry by legumes and grasses help to explain their coexistence and, if so, does this have implications for biodiversity in NZ’s novel native grassland communities?

Methods
Combinations of grasses and legumes, including a native tussock grass, were grown in a nutrient-poor (low P, S, Ca, Mg, Mn, and B) high country soil in a pot experiment, quantifying the foliar acquisition of nutrients from soil. Field data were obtained by sampling foliage of clover in single- and mixed-species patches in a more fertile lowland pasture.

Results
Benefits of legume and grass growing together were reflected in enhanced productivity and higher uptake of a range of key nutrients. This was most evident but not restricted to a combination of two exotic species: cocksfoot and white clover. In the nutrient-poor soil, legumes grew better in combination with different species of introduced grasses. Uptake of key elements from soil to plants significantly differed with combinations of legumes and grasses compared to individual species. Elevated concentrations of P, K and S were recorded in clover when growing with grasses, although Ca uptake was lower. Expected reciprocal reduction of clover N or enhanced grass N were not recorded. Mass balance data (total extraction of key nutrients from the soil pool) showed that combination of grasses and legumes exploit soil nutrients (particularly P, Zn, Mn and Mo) more effectively than single species alone. In grasses, only tissue concentrations of K, S and Zn significantly increased when growing with legumes, but native tussock grass procured less nutrients when growing with the exotic legumes. Field sampling of clover from the more fertile lowland soil showed significantly higher foliar concentrations of K, Mn, Cu and B, but less Ca.

Conclusions
The findings are indicative of a mutualistic relationship: legumes derive nutritional benefits from growing with grasses. Native tussock grass contained less N when growing with the exotic legumes, suggesting less compatibility and a lack of adaptation to coexistence.
Impact of Tumor Burden on Normal Organ Distribution in Patients Imaged with CXCR4-Targeted [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT
Authors: Serfling Sebastian E. , Lapa Constantin , Dreher Niklas , Hartrampf Philipp E. , Rowe Steven P. , Higuchi Takahiro , Schirbel Andreas , Weich Alexander , Hahner Stefanie , Fassnacht Martin , Buck Andreas K. , Werner Rudolf A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
CXCR4-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with solid tumors. We aimed to determine a potential correlation between tumor burden and radiotracer accumulation in normal organs.

Methods
Ninety patients with histologically proven solid cancers underwent CXCR4-targeted [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were placed in normal organs (heart, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and kidneys) and tumor lesions. Mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) for normal organs were determined. For CXCR4-positive tumor burden, maximum SUV (SUVmax), tumor volume (TV), and fractional tumor activity (FTA, defined as SUVmean x TV), were calculated. We used a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) to derive correlative indices between normal organ uptake and tumor burden.

Results
Median SUVmean in unaffected organs was 5.2 for the spleen (range, 2.44 – 10.55), 3.27 for the kidneys (range, 1.52 – 17.4), followed by bone marrow (1.76, range, 0.84 – 3.98), heart (1.66, range, 0.88 – 2.89), and liver (1.28, range, 0.73 – 2.45). No significant correlation between SUVmax in tumor lesions (ρ ≤ 0.189, P ≥ 0.07), TV (ρ ≥ -0.204, P ≥ 0.06) or FTA (ρ ≥ -0.142, P ≥ 0.18) with the investigated organs was found.

Conclusions
In patients with solid tumors imaged with [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT, no relevant tumor sink effect was noted. This observation may be of relevance for therapies with radioactive and non-radioactive CXCR4-directed drugs, as with increasing tumor burden, the dose to normal organs may remain unchanged.
A comprehensive review on comparison among effluent treatment methods and modern methods of treatment of industrial wastewater effluent from different sources
Authors: Sathya K. , Nagarajan K. , Carlin Geor Malar G. , Rajalakshmi S. , Raja Lakshmi P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, rapid development in the industrial sector has offered console to the people but at the same time, generates numerous amounts of effluent composed of toxic elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals that influences the environment and mankind hazardously. While the technological advancements are made in industrial effluent treatment, there arising stretch in the techniques directing on hybrid system that are effective in resource recovery from effluent in an economical, less time consuming and viable manner. The key objective of this article is to study, propose and deliberate the process and products obtained from different industries and the quantity of effluents produced, and the most advanced and ultra-modern theoretical and scientific improvements in treatment methods to remove those dissolved matter and toxic substances and also the challenges and perspectives in these developments. The findings of this review appraise new eco-friendly technologies, provide intuition into the efficiency in contaminants removal and aids in interpreting degradation mechanism of toxic elements by various treatment assemblages.
Toward coupling of groundwater drawdown and pumping time in a constant discharge
Authors: Dastourani Mehdi , Nazeri Tahroudi Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGroundwater is considered an essential water resource in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran. This study used a copula-based approach to analyze the joint frequency of groundwater level and the duration of groundwater pumping with a constant discharge. In particular, this study examines the correlation between the pumping time and groundwater drawdown variables for two cases of 26.6 and 28.8 l/s constant discharges and a pumping time of 220 min. In addition, the Weibull probability distribution and Galambos copula were used for these two tests. To estimate the groundwater drawdown at different pumping times with different probabilities, the obtained typical curves by providing the contour curves of the cumulative groundwater drawdown probability and the pumping time in both tests were obtained. For example, for 150 min of pumping, the groundwater drawdown for pumping discharge of 26.64 and 28.8 l/s with a 60% probability is about 7.4 and 8 m, respectively. The results of the joint-occurrence frequency analysis in the study area showed that for each unit of increase in pumping discharge in the pumping well, a drawdown of 0.32 m is imaginable in the observation well. In the next step, the groundwater drawdown got analyzed in both tests simultaneously. Since the pumping time is the same, the effect of increasing the pumping discharge in the study area is observable in the joint-occurrence probability curve.
Root-Planing Efficiency of Edge Retention Curettes After Extended Use on the Surface of the Tooth Root
Authors: Kumar Santhosh , Damodara K. Vibha , Maithri M. , Bhogi Venkatesh , Bhat Chandrashekhar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the root surface topography and cutting-edge retention after mechanical root planing using five different types of curettes. Sixty premolars were divided among stainless steel curette (SS), titanium-coated curette (SC), titanium curette (Ti), EverEdge curette (EE), and XP curette (XP) groups. Mean tooth surface roughness (Ra) and the mean roughness depth (Rz) values were determined. The SEM and EDX values were checked after 40, 500, 1,000, and 2500 strokes. At 40 strokes, the mean Ra value of 2.33 ± 0.88 and mean Rz value of 18.5 ± 5.70 was the lowest recorded for titanium coated instrument. After 500 strokes, XP curettes presented with the lowest Ra and Rz values of 1.39 ± 0.25 and 12.32 ± 1.76, respectively. After 1000 and 2500 strokes, the XP curettes had Ra (1.02 ± 0.07; 0.71 ± 0.12) and Rz (9.63 ± 0.50; 7.20 ± 0.96), respectively. The 2-way ANOVA of Ra and Rz values and the post hoc showed a statistically significant difference with p < 0.05. The SEM analysis showed the surface of the roots to be smoother in XP, and the cutting was retained in XP and the EE curettes. In the EDX analysis, there was corrosion on the lateral surface of the Ti and the SC. XP curettes showed to be better statistically than other curettes, and both XP and EE retained the cutting edges longer. Hence, curettes with edge retention technology are long-lasting and effective for root surface instrumentation in periodontal practice.
Hierarchical Ti3C2Tx@ZnO Hollow Spheres with Excellent Microwave Absorption Inspired by the Visual Phenomenon of Eyeless Urchins
Authors: Wang Yan-Qin , Zhao Hai-Bo , Cheng Jin-Bo , Liu Bo-Wen , Fu Qiang , Wang Yu-Zhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIngenious microstructure design and rational composition selection are effective approaches to realize high-performance microwave absorbers, and the advancement of biomimetic manufacturing provides a new strategy. In nature, urchins are the animals without eyes but can “see”, because their special structure composed of regular spines and spherical photosensitive bodies “amplifies” the light-receiving ability. Herein, inspired by the above phenomenon, the biomimetic urchin-like Ti3C2Tx@ZnO hollow microspheres are rationally designed and fabricated, in which ZnO nanoarrays (length: ~ 2.3 μm, diameter: ~ 100 nm) as the urchin spines are evenly grafted onto the surface of the Ti3C2Tx hollow spheres (diameter: ~ 4.2 μm) as the urchin spherical photosensitive bodies. The construction of gradient impedance and hierarchical heterostructures enhance the attenuation of incident electromagnetic waves. And the EMW loss behavior is further revealed by limited integral simulation calculations, which fully highlights the advantages of the urchin-like architecture. As a result, the Ti3C2Tx@ZnO hollow spheres deliver a strong reflection loss of − 57.4 dB and broad effective absorption bandwidth of 6.56 GHz, superior to similar absorbents. This work provides a new biomimetic strategy for the design and manufacturing of advanced microwave absorbers.
Sinology in Russia during the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods: Research and Politics
Authors: Guleva Mariia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper follows the developments in Chinese studies in Moscow and Leningrad–Saint Petersburg during the Soviet and post-Soviet decades. It provides an overview of institutions and key currents in research conducted in these two cities, while also contextualizing the general political conditions under which Sinology existed. The paper examines the ways researchers responded to the ideological requirements placed upon them in the early Soviet period, then outlines the main trends in Chinese studies after the establishment of the PRC and during the Sino-Soviet split, and, finally, traces the continuities and changes of the late Soviet and post-Soviet years. This article provides some information on existing bibliographical publications, conferences, and journals as an aid for following China-related research conducted in Russia. It also demonstrates that, while many problems continue to hamper the development of Sinology in Russia, this field has sound foundations and many promising tendencies.
Dietary practice among cohort pregnant women who gave birth to neonates with and without neural tube defect: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Berhane Anteneh , Fikadu Tewodros , Belachew Tefera 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the high burden of neural tube defects (NTD) in eastern Ethiopia, there is no evidence that it is related to maternal dietary practice. The aim of the present study was to compare dietary practice between women who gave birth to newborns with and without NTDs. A comparative cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 276 (138 in each group) mothers who delivered neonates with or without NTD. Study participants were selected from three hospitals found in the eastern part of Ethiopia. The dietary practice was determined using the indicators including meal frequency, dietary diversity score (DDS), food variety score (FVS) and consumption of animal source food (ASF) generated from the dietary data collected using validated and pre-tested Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to isolate independent predictors of dietary practices. The prevalence of good dietary practice was 29 % (95 % CI 23·6 %, 34·3 %). There was a significant difference in dietary practices (P= 0·034), in FVS (P= 0·01), in DDS (P= 0·045) between the two groups. In multivariable logistic regression, independent predictors of having good dietary practice were: not being the mother of a newborn with NTDs [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2·1, 95 % CI 1·07, 4·1], being from a rural residence area (AOR 0·29, 95 % CI 0·1, 0·7) and being illiterate (AOR 0·16, 95 % CI 0·03, 0·8). The present study found that dietary practice is associated with the development of NTDs. Nutrition education, food fortification and supplementation are needed to address this issue, and further research is needed to explore the mechanism.
Unusual assemblage of conulariids (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) from the Taddrist Formation (Middle Ordovician, Darriwilian) of southern Morocco
Authors: Van Iten Heyo , Gutiérrez-Marco Juan Carlos , Cournoyer Mario E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSilty noduliferous shales in the lower part of the Middle Ordovician (late Darriwilian 2) Taddrist Formation in the central Moroccan Anti-Atlas contain a unique assemblage of conulariids consisting of one species each ofArchaeoconulariaBouček, 1939,GlyptoconulariaSinclair, 1952, andPseudoconulariaBouček, 1939.Glyptoconularia antiatlasicanew species, currently represented by a single three-dimensional specimen, is the first member of this extremely rare, highly autapomorphic genus to be described from outside of cratonic North America as well as the firstGlyptoconulariafrom the Middle Ordovician.Pseudoconulariacf.P.grandissima(Barrande, 1867) andArchaeoconulariacf.A.exquisita(Barrande, 1867) most closely resemble species previously described from Middle and Upper Ordovician strata in the Prague Basin (Czech Republic), then located adjacent to North Africa.Anaconularia anomala(Barrande, 1867), previously known from the Upper Ordovician (Sandbian) Libeň and Letná formations in the Prague Basin, is documented for the first time from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Upper Tioririne Formation of Morocco. In addition to extending the known stratigraphical and paleogeographical ranges of these conulariids, results of the present investigation add to the list of invertebrate taxa that appear to have originated during Early or Mid-Ordovician times in peri-Gondwana or south-polar Gondwana, and then migrated to the eastern margin of Laurentia, arriving there along with other cool-water taxa during the Sandbian-Katian transition.UUID:http://zoobank.org/9ea5051b-cff5-4911-861a-531db4f45883
Musical Intimacy, Model Citizenship, and Sufism in the Life of Niyazi Sayın
Authors: Senay Banu , Houston Christopher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNiyazi Sayın is an Istanbul-born ney (reed flute) virtuoso, and the most acclaimed musician of a musical tradition controversially called “Ottoman-Turkish classical music.” Now 94 years old, Sayın has been called insan-i kamil (a perfect human), kutb-ı nayi, (the musical spiritual axis of his age), and hezarfen (master of a thousand arts). What do such titles mean? Building upon the work of Martin Stokes on popular music and its fashioning of intimate publics, this paper explores Sayın's musical life. We argue that it provides an exemplary expression of cultural intimacy for listeners and students, one that (as reflected in his titles) demonstrates a particular way of becoming a person, a Muslim, and a model citizen. In contrast with more official constructions of citizenship, as well as with the political neo-Ottomanism of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Sayın's life and music open up alternative possibilities of self-alteration for those who engage with it.