bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Silicon‐Polymer Photodetector Engineered Using Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition for High‐Performance and Bias‐Switchable Multi‐Functionality
Authors: Kim Hyeonghun , Zhang Yuxuan , Rothschild Molly , Roh Kwangdong , Kim Yunseok , Jang Ho Seong , Min Byung‐Cheol , Lee Sunghwan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBlack silicon (b‐Si) featured by anti‐reflective surfaces is extensively studied to realize highly sensitive photodetectors. The key to augmenting the light‐detection capability of b‐Si is to facilitate charge extraction while limiting undesired recombination events at surface defects. To this end, oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) is leveraged to form a highly conformal and conductive (3000 S cm−1) organic transport layer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), on b‐Si nanostructures. The oCVD PEDOT instrumentally extracts photo‐induced charges, through which b‐Si photodetectors implementing oCVD PEDOT achieve a superior photo‐detectivity of 1.37 × 1013 Jones. Furthermore, by engineering the pore dimension of b‐Si, a mode‐tunable Si photodetector is contrived, where the functions of broad‐band and visible‐blinded modes are switched facile by a bias polarity. The unprecedented device paves the way for extending the applications of Si detectors toward novel sensory platforms such as night‐vision, motion tracking, and bio‐sensing.
Disorder and Confinement Effects to Tune the Optical Properties of Amino Acid Doped Cu2O Crystals
Authors: Kurashvili Mariam , Polishchuk Iryna , Lang Arad , Strohmair Simone , Richter Alexander F. , Rieger Sebastian , Debnath Tushar , Pokroy Boaz , Feldmann Jochen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiominerals are organic–inorganic nanocomposites exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique configuration. Using optical spectroscopy and theoretical modeling, it is shown that the optical properties of a model bioinspired system, an inorganic semiconductor host (Cu2O) grown in the presence of amino acids (AAs), are strongly influenced by the latter. The absorption and photoluminescence excitation spectra of Cu2O‐AAs blue‐shift with growing AA content, indicating band gap widening. This is attributed to the void‐induced quantum confinement effects. Surprisingly, no such shift occurs in the emission spectra. The theoretical model, assuming an inhomogeneous AA distribution within Cu2O‐AAs due to compositional disorder, explains the deviating behavior of the photoluminescence. The model predicts that the potential causing the confinement effects becomes a function of the local AA density. It results in a Gaussian band gap distribution that shapes the optical properties of Cu2O‐AAs. Imitating and harnessing the process of biomineralization can pave the way toward new functional materials.
Integrating Photorewritable Fluorescent Information in Shape‐Memory Organohydrogel Toward Dual Encryption
Authors: Shang Hui , Le Xiaoxia , Sun Yu , Shan Fuqing , Wu Shuangshuang , Zheng Yinfei , Li Danyang , Guo Dong , Liu Qingquan , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs one of the severe global problems, counterfeiting information has brought a huge negative impact on every aspect of human society. Though various anticounterfeiting strategies, including fluorescent materials, are widely developed for dealing with the above problem, the information security level needs to be further improved due to sophisticated hacking techniques. In this study, an organohydrogel is designed by constructing interpenetrating organohydrogel networks, in which naphthalimide moieties (DEAN, green‐yellow emission) are introduced in hydrophilic poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) hydrogel network and anthracene units (blue emission) are copolymerized in hydrophobic polystearate methacrylate (PSMA) organogel network. Triggered by UV light of 365 nm, the unimer–dimer transition occurs and leads the fluorescent color of organohydrogel to change from blue to faint yellow, making secret information be stored with the assistance of photomasks. Furthermore, by combining crystallization‐induced shape memory performance, dual encryption can be achieved. This fluorescent organohydrogel provides a new idea for fabricating smart materials with the ability of encryption–decryption, which is of great significance in information security protection.
Autologous Human Immunocompetent White Adipose Tissue‐on‐Chip
Authors: Rogal Julia , Roosz Julia , Teufel Claudia , Cipriano Madalena , Xu Raylin , Eisler Wiebke , Weiss Martin , Schenke‐Layland Katja , Loskill Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObesity and associated diseases, such as diabetes, have reached epidemic proportions globally. In this era of “diabesity”, white adipose tissue (WAT) has become a target of high interest for therapeutic strategies. To gain insights into mechanisms of adipose (patho‐)physiology, researchers traditionally relied on animal models. Leveraging Organ‐on‐Chip technology, a microphysiological in vitro model of human WAT is introduced: a tailored microfluidic platform featuring vasculature‐like perfusion that integrates 3D tissues comprising all major WAT‐associated cellular components (mature adipocytes, organotypic endothelial barriers, stromovascular cells including adipose tissue macrophages) in an autologous manner and recapitulates pivotal WAT functions, such as energy storage and mobilization as well as endocrine and immunomodulatory activities. A precisely controllable bottom‐up approach enables the generation of a multitude of replicates per donor circumventing inter‐donor variability issues and paving the way for personalized medicine. Moreover, it allows to adjust the model's degree of complexity via a flexible mix‐and‐match approach. This WAT‐on‐Chip system constitutes the first human‐based, autologous, and immunocompetent in vitro adipose tissue model that recapitulates almost full tissue heterogeneity and can become a powerful tool for human‐relevant research in the field of metabolism and its associated diseases as well as for compound testing and personalized‐ and precision medicine applications.
Coupling Long‐Range Facet Junction and Interfacial Heterojunction via Edge‐Selective Deposition for High‐Performance Z‐Scheme Photocatalyst
Authors: Li Xuan , Anwer Shoaib , Guan Qiangshun , Anjum Dalaver H. , Palmisano Giovanni , Zheng Lianxi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe construction of photocatalytic systems that have strong redox capability, effective charge separation, and large reactive surfaces is of great scientific and practical interest. Herein, an edge‐connected 2D/2D Z‐scheme system that combines the facet junction and the interfacial heterojunction to achieve effective long‐range charge separation and large reactive surface exposure is designed and fabricated. The heterostructure is realized by the selective growth of 2D‐layered MoS2 nanoflakes on the edge‐sites of thin TiO2 nanosheets via an Au‐promoted photodeposition method. Attributed to the synergetic coupling of the facet junction and the interfacial heterojunction that assures the effective charge separation, and the tremendous but physically separated reactive sites offered by layered MoS2 and highly‐exposed (001) facets of TiO2, respectively, the artificial Z‐scheme exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance in photodegradation tests. Moreover, the junctional plasmonic Au nanoclusters not only act as electron traps to promote the edge‐selective synthesis but also generate “hot electrons” to further boost photocatalytic performance. The Z‐scheme charge‐flow direction in the heterostructure and the roles of electrons and holes are comprehensively studied using in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photodegradation tests. This work offers a new insight into designing high‐performance Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems.
Ultralow Threshold Room Temperature Polariton Condensation in Colloidal CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanoplatelets
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Zhang Lei , Xiang Wenbin , Lu Changgui , Cui Yiping , Zhang Jiayu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRoom‐temperature exciton‐polariton Bose‐Einstein condensation (BEC), a phase transition to single quantum state with strong nonlinearity, provides a new strategy for coherent light sources and ultralow threshold optic switches. In this work, colloidal CdSe/CdS 2D nanoplatelets are embedded into a microcavity, and exciton‐polariton BEC is realized with an ultralow threshold of 0.5 µJ cm–2 at room temperature. The superlinear power‐dependent emission, macroscopic occupation of the ground state, strong blueshift and broadening of the emission peak, and long‐range coherence strongly confirm the realization of the polariton laser. This work suggests considerable prospects for colloidal nanoplatelets in low‐cost, high‐performance polariton devices, and coherent light sources.
Microacoustic Metagratings at Ultra‐High Frequencies Fabricated by Two‐Photon Lithography
Authors: Melnikov Anton , Köble Sören , Schweiger Severin , Chiang Yan Kei , Marburg Steffen , Powell David A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe recently proposed bianisotropic acoustic metagratings offer promising opportunities for passive acoustic wavefront manipulation, which is of particular interest in flat acoustic lenses and ultrasound imaging at ultra‐high frequency ultrasound. Despite this fact, acoustic metagratings have never been scaled to MHz frequencies that are common in ultrasound imaging. One of the greatest challenges is the production of complex microscopic structures. Owing to two‐photon polymerization, a novel fabrication technique from the view of acoustic metamaterials, it is now possible to precisely manufacture sub‐wavelength structures in this frequency range. However, shrinking in size poses another challenge; the increasing thermoviscous effects lead to a drop in efficiency and a frequency downshift of the transmission peak and must therefore be taken into account in the design. In this work three microacoustic metagrating designs refracting a normally incident wave toward −35° at 2 MHz are proposed. In order to develop meta‐atoms insensitive to thermoviscous effects shape optimization techniques incorporating the linearized Navier–Stokes equations discretized with finite element method are used. The authors report for the first time microscopic acoustic metamaterials manufactured using two‐photon polymerization and, subsequently, experimentally verify their effectiveness using an optical microphone as a detector in a range from 1.8 to 2.2 MHz.
The impact of postoperative exocrine index on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Tsunematsu Masashi , Gocho Takeshi , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Shirai Yoshihiro , Haruki Koichiro , Furukawa Kenei , Yasuda Jungo , Onda Shinji , Sakamoto Taro , Ikegami Toru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo study exocrine function of the remnant pancreas after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), we propose the use of an exocrine index (PEI) that combines the volume of the remnant pancreas and the intraoperative amylase activity of the pancreatic juice. Here, we aimed to determine whether the PEI can predict non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) following PD.MethodsFifty‐seven patients for whom pancreatic juice amylase activity was measured during PD were enrolled. NAFLD was defined as a liver‐to‐spleen attenuation ratio of <0.9 on plain CT 1 year following surgery. We retrospectively evaluated clinical parameters, including the PEI, to identify predictors of NAFLD.ResultsFifty‐four patients (95%) were regularly administered 1200 mg of pancreatic lipase. NAFLD was diagnosed in 13 participants (23%) 1 year following surgery. NAFLD was associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (P = .006), soft pancreas (P = .001), small main pancreatic duct (P = 0008), low remnant pancreatic volume (P < .001), low intraoperative amylase activity in the pancreatic juice (P = .001), high pancreatic fibrosis (P = .032), and large body weight loss (P = .015). The PEI was significantly lower in the participants with NAFLD than in those without (P < .001). The participants were then classified into tertiles of PEI: <5 × 106, 5‐25 × 106, and >25 × 106. The prevalence of NAFLD in these groups was 53% (10/19), 11% (2/19), and 5% (1/19), respectively. In multivariable analyses, there was a significant association between NAFLD and the PEI (P value for trend = .042).ConclusionThe PEI, calculated using the remnant pancreatic volume and the intraoperative pancreatic juice amylase activity, predicts NAFLD development following PD.
A scoping review of youth advisory structures in the United States: Applications, outcomes, and best practices
Authors: Haddad Kristen , Jacquez Farrah , Vaughn Lisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough youth advisory structures (YASs) have proliferated internationally to facilitate the voice of young people, little is known about the practices of such groups, especially in the United States. To address this gap of knowledge, this study describes the findings of a scoping review of scholarly research on YAS in the United States. The review found that although the use of YAS is increasing, current scholarship offers little information about YAS processes or how youth are engaged. Most YAS in the review partnered with marginalized young people to inform research and programming around sensitive health topics, such as human immunodeficiency virus prevention. Youth who participated in YAS experienced positive outcomes such as leadership and skill development, healthier decision‐making, and confidence. Although most studies involved youth in minimal ways, there is a growing body of literature where youth are engaged in long‐term partnerships that support positive youth development. This review details other key characteristics of YAS and provides recommendations for best practices, such as building consensus around terms used to refer to YAS and promoting the dissemination of process details around YAS facilitation.
ZSCAN1 Autoantibodies Are Associated with Pediatric Paraneoplastic ROHHAD
Authors: Mandel‐Brehm Caleigh , Benson Leslie A. , Tran Baouyen , Kung Andrew F. , Mann Sabrina A. , Vazquez Sara E. , Retallack Hanna , Sample Hannah A. , Zorn Kelsey C. , Khan Lillian M. , Kerr Lauren M. , McAlpine Patrick L. , Zhang Lichao , McCarthy Frank , Elias Joshua E. , Katwa Umakanth , Astley Christina M. , Tomko Stuart , Dalmau Josep , Seeley William W. , Pleasure Samuel J. , Wilson Michael R. , Gorman Mark P. , DeRisi Joseph L. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveRapid‐onset Obesity with Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypoventilation and Autonomic Dysregulation (ROHHAD), is a severe pediatric disorder of uncertain etiology resulting in hypothalamic dysfunction and frequent sudden death. Frequent co‐occurrence of neuroblastic tumors have fueled suspicion of an autoimmune paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS); however, specific anti‐neural autoantibodies, a hallmark of PNS, have not been identified. Our objective is to determine if an autoimmune paraneoplastic etiology underlies ROHHAD.MethodsImmunoglobulin G (IgG) from pediatric ROHHAD patients (n = 9), non‐inflammatory individuals (n = 100) and relevant pediatric controls (n = 25) was screened using a programmable phage display of the human peptidome (PhIP‐Seq). Putative ROHHAD‐specific autoantibodies were orthogonally validated using radioactive ligand binding and cell‐based assays. Expression of autoantibody targets in ROHHAD tumor and healthy brain tissue was assessed with immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry, respectively.ResultsAutoantibodies to ZSCAN1 were detected in ROHHAD patients by PhIP‐Seq and orthogonally validated in 7/9 ROHHAD patients and 0/125 controls using radioactive ligand binding and cell‐based assays. Expression of ZSCAN1 in ROHHAD tumor and healthy human brain tissue was confirmed.InterpretationOur results support the notion that tumor‐associated ROHHAD syndrome is a pediatric PNS, potentially initiated by an immune response to peripheral neuroblastic tumor. ZSCAN1 autoantibodies may aid in earlier, accurate diagnosis of ROHHAD syndrome, thus providing a means toward early detection and treatment. This work warrants follow‐up studies to test sensitivity and specificity of a novel diagnostic test. Last, given the absence of the ZSCAN1 gene in rodents, our study highlights the value of human‐based approaches for detecting novel PNS subtypes. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:279–291
Gold(I) α‐Trifluoromethyl Carbenes: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Studies
Authors: Rigoulet Mathilde , Vesseur David , Miqueu Karinne , Bourissou Didier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAryl trifluoromethyl diazomethanes 2‐R (R=Ph, OMe, CF3) are readily decomposed by the (o‐carboranyl)diphosphine gold(I) complex 1. The resulting α‐CF3 substituted carbene complexes 3‐R have been characterized by multi‐nuclear NMR spectroscopy as well as X‐ray crystallography (for 3‐Ph). The bonding situation was thoroughly assessed by computational means, showing stabilization of the electrophilic carbene center by π‐donation from the aryl substituent and backdonation from Au, as enhanced by the chelating P^P ligand. Reactivity studies under stoichiometric and catalytic conditions substantiate typical carbene‐type behavior for 3‐Ph.
Fluorine‐free superhydrophobic meshes decorated with porous microspheres for highly efficient oil–water separation
Authors: Lu Zhen , Liu Huarong , Cui Xiaoling , Li Yue , Lv Zhijun , Chen Weijian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we report a new facile method to prepare fluorine‐free superhydrophobic separation films by deposition of micron‐sized hydrophobic polyhigh internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) microspheres on stainless steel meshes. The so‐called polyHIPE microspheres are polymer ones with interconnected porous structures, which are prepared by γ‐ray radiation polymerization of (W/O HIPE)/W double emulsions stabilized by a single emulsifier 12‐acryloyloxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid using a one‐step emulsification in this work. The oil–water separation results show that our self‐made hydrophobic meshes have excellent oil–water separation efficiency (about 99.5%), outstanding permeation flux (no less than 187.5 L/[m2·min] and the maximum value of 1850 L/[m2·min]). The oil flux of common organic solvents, water contact angle and water intrusion pressure of these hydrophobic meshes can be readily tuned by changing the size, amount and composition of polyHIPE microspheres. It is worth noting that the superhydrophobic meshes remain excellent separation efficiency and stability after 10 cycles in corrosive environments. More importantly, these superhydrophobic meshes can also efficiently separate surfactant‐stabilized water‐in‐oil emulsions. The polyHIPE microspheres decorated superhydrophobic meshes that can easily realize large‐scale production have potentially practical applications in sewage treatment or separation/purification.
Postnatal growth of the lumbosacral spinal segments in cat: Their lengths and positions in relation to vertebrae
Authors: Shkorbatova Polina Y. , Lyakhovetskii Vsevolod A. , Veshchitskii Aleksandr A. , Bazhenova Elena Y. , Pavlova Natalia V. , Musienko Pavel E. , Merkulyeva Natalia S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCat is a prominent model for investigating neural networks of the lumbosacral spinal cord that control locomotor and visceral activity. We previously proposed an integral function, establishing the topographical relationship between the spinal cord segments and vertebrae in adult animals. Here, we investigated the dynamic of this topographical relationship through early and middle periods of development in kittens. We calculated the length of each vertebra relative to the total length of the region from 13th thoracic (T) to the 7th lumbar (L) vertebrae (V) as well as the length of each segment relative to the total region from T13 to the three‐dimensional sacral (S) segment. As in our previous work, the length and position of VL2 were used to establish relationships between the characteristics of the segments and vertebrae. Cubic regression reliably approximates the lengths of segments relative to VL2 length. As the cat aged, the relative length of VT13 and VL1 decreased while the relative length of VL5 increased. The relative length of the T13 and L3 segments increased while the relative length of the S1‐S2 segments decreased. The T13‐L2 segments are descended monotonically relative to the VL1‐VL2 border. The L3‐S1 segments are also descended, though with more complex dynamics. The positions of the S2‐S3 segments remained unchanged. To conclude, different spinal segments displayed different developmental dynamics. The revealed relationship between vertebrae and lumbosacral spinal segments may be helpful for clearly defining stimulation regions to invoke particular functions, both in experimental studies on the spinal cord and clinical treatment.
Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in Over One‐Third of Patients With Th/To Antibody–Positive Scleroderma in Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: Suresh Shashank , Charlton Devon , Snell Erin K. , Laffoon Maureen , Medsger Thomas A. , Zhu Lei , Domsic Robyn T. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to describe clinical manifestations in patients with Th/To antibody–positive systemic sclerosis (SSc) during long‐term follow‐up.MethodsWe performed a case–control study involving anti‐Th/To antibody–positive patients with SSc who were newly referred to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the Pittsburgh Scleroderma Center from 1980 to 2015. For every case, 2 anti‐Th/To antibody–negative SSc patients (the first 2 consecutively seen after a case) were used as controls. Long‐term disease manifestations and survival were then compared between cases and controls.ResultsA total of 204 anti‐Th/To antibody–positive SSc patients and 408 controls were identified. The cohort had a mean ± SD age of 52 ± 12.9 years, and 76% of individuals were women. Anti‐Th/To antibody–positive patients more often presented without skin thickening (P < 0.0001) and had a higher rate of pulmonary hypertension (PH) (P < 0.0001) and interstitial lung disease (P = 0.05) compared to anti‐Th/To antibody–negative SSc controls. Anti‐Th/To antibody–positive SSc patients also had less frequent muscle and joint involvement than anti‐Th/To antibody–negative SSc controls (P < 0.0001). After a median clinical follow‐up period of 6.1 years (interquartile range 2.4–12.7), 38% of anti‐Th/To–positive patients had developed PH compared to 15% of anti‐Th/To antibody–negative SSc controls (P < 0.0001). The rate of PH classified as World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH] was 23% in anti‐Th/To–positive patients compared to 9% in anti‐Th/To antibody–negative SSc controls (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for age and sex, anti‐Th/To antibody positivity was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.3 (95% confidence interval 2.3–4.9) for increased risk of developing PH at 10 years of follow‐up from the first scleroderma center visit.ConclusionThis is the largest cohort of patients with anti‐Th/To antibody–positive SSc with long‐term follow‐up data. The very high rate (38%) and associated independent risk of anti‐Th/To antibody–positive patients developing PH in follow‐up, particularly in WHO Group 1 PAH patients, is striking. Patients presenting with limited skin involvement should be tested for Th/To antibodies, and if present, careful monitoring for PH is warranted.