bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procyanidin B2 alleviates oxidative stress‐induced nucleus pulposus cells apoptosis through upregulating Nrf2 via PI3K–Akt pathway
Authors: Zou Yan‐Pei , Zhang Qi‐Chen , Zhang Qian‐Yi , Jiang Li‐Bo , Li Xi‐Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOxidative stress can lead to nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) apoptosis, which is considered to be one of the main contributors to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Procyanidin B2 is a natural antioxidant that protects against oxidative stress. However, whether procyanidin B2 protects NPCs from oxidative stress remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that procyanidin B2 could reduce tert‐butyl hydroperoxide‐induced reactive oxygen species in rat NPCs and attenuate rat NPC apoptosis. Further experiments revealed that procyanidin B2 upregulated the expression of both nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt). We then used silencing of Nrf2 and LY294002 to silence Nrf2 expression and block the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, respectively, and found that the protective roles of procyanidin B2 in NPCs were inhibited. Therefore, we demonstrated that procyanidin B2 alleviated rat NPC apoptosis induced by oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2 via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study provides a potential therapeutic approach for procyanidin B2 in IVDD, which might help in the development of new drugs for IVDD treatment.
Sequential application of small molecule therapy enhances chondrogenesis and angiogenesis in murine segmental defect bone repair
Authors: Rundle Charles H. , Gomez Gustavo A. , Pourteymoor Sheila , Mohan Subburaman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe increasing incidence of physiologic/pathologic conditions that impair the otherwise routine healing of endochondral bone fractures and the occurrence of severe bone injuries necessitate novel approaches to enhance clinically challenging bone fracture repair. To promote the healing of nonunion fractures, we tested an approach that used two small molecules to sequentially enhance cartilage development and conversion to the bone in the callus of a murine femoral segmental defect nonunion model of bone injury. Systemic injections of smoothened agonist 21k (SAG21k) were used to stimulate chondrogenesis through the activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway early in bone repair, while injections of the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)2 inhibitor, IOX2, were used to stimulate hypoxia signaling‐mediated endochondral bone formation. The expression of SHH pathway genes and Phd2 target genes was increased in chondrocyte cell lines in response to SAG21k and IOX2 treatment, respectively. The segmental defect responded to sequential systemic administration of these small molecules with increased chondrocyte expression of PTCH1, GLI1, and SOX9 in response to SAG and increased expression of hypoxia‐induced factor‐1α and vascular endothelial growth factor‐A in the defect tissues in response to IOX2. At 6 weeks postsurgery, the combined SAG–IOX2 therapy produced increased bone formation in the defect with the bony union over the injury. Clinical significance: This therapeutic approach was successful in promoting cartilage and bone formation within a critical‐size segmental defect and established the utility of a sequential small molecule therapy for the enhancement of fracture callus development in clinically challenging bone injuries.
Quantitatively identify the factors driving loess erodibility variations after ecological restoration
Authors: Zhang Xiang , She Dongli , Cao Taohong , Yang Zhen , He Cangguo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe soil erodibility factor is the key index to evaluate regional potential erosion degree and predict soil erosion. Therefore, it is very meaningful to explore the response mechanism of soil erodibility to external environmental factors on the Loess Plateau after ecological restoration. In this study, three soil erodibility factors (K‐USLE, K‐shira, and K‐torri), a comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI), different vegetation indices, and five topographic parameters (Topo) in two typical watersheds were selected to achieve this goal. The results revealed that vegetation indices (VI), soil properties (SP), and Topo were significantly affected by regional location and land use types. Vegetation restoration can reduce soil erodibility factors, but the reduction capacity of different land use types varies greatly. SP, VI, and Topo can explain more than 70% of variances in soil erodibility. The partial least squares‐structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) illustrated that SP had the largest and significant direct impact on soil erodibility (standard path coefficients (SPC) were −0.935 and −0.895, respectively). Vegetation indirectly inhibited the soil erodibility of the two watersheds by improving SP (SPC were 0.228 and 0.437, respectively), while the indirect impact of Topo mainly interferes with soil erodibility by adjusting vegetation type and spatial distribution (SPC were −0.566 and −0.292, respectively). Furthermore, CSEI was significantly affected by land use, and significantly associated with soil texture, soil organic carbon (SOC), mean weight diameter (MWD), normalized green‐red difference index (NGRDI), and vegetative index (VEG) in both watersheds. The soil in the Xinshui River watershed was more vulnerable to erosion than that in the Zhujiachuan watershed. It is of great significance to explore the response mechanism of soil erodibility to multi‐scale factors to understand the impact of external environmental evolution on soil erosion and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau.
Factors affecting adherence to intranasal treatment for allergic rhinitis: A qualitative study
Authors: Fox Meha G. , Cass Lauren M. , Sykes Kevin J. , Cummings Emily L. , Fassas Scott N. , Nallani Rohit , Smith Josh B. , Chiu Alexander G. , Villwock Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the facilitators of and barriers to adherence to use of intranasal pharmacotherapy (daily intranasal corticosteroids and/or antihistamine, and nasal saline irrigation [NSI]), for allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsPatients were recruited from an academic tertiary care rhinology and allergy clinic. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted after the initial visit and/or 4–6 weeks following treatment. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory, inductive approach to elucidate themes regarding patient adherence to AR treatment.ResultsA total of 32 patients (12 male, 20 female; age 22–78) participated (seven at initial visit, seven at follow‐up visit, and 18 at both). Memory triggers, such as linking nasal routine to existing daily activities or medications, were identified by patients as the most helpful strategy for adherence at initial and follow‐up visits. Logistical obstacles related to NSI (messy, takes time, etc.) was the most common concept discussed at follow‐up. Patients modified the regimen based on side effects experienced or perceived efficacy.ConclusionsMemory triggers help patients adhere to nasal routines. Logistical obstacles related to NSI can deter from use. Health care providers should address both concepts during patient counseling. Nudge‐based interventions that incorporate these concepts may help improve adherence to AR treatment.Level of Evidence2
Carp stocking and climate change are potentially more important factors than nutrient enrichment driving water quality deterioration in subtropical freshwater lakes in China
Authors: Su Haojie , Chen Jianfeng , Li Yun , Rao Qingyang , Luo Congqiang , Deng Xuwei , Shen Hong , Li Renhui , Chen Jun , Sun Yuanfeng , Pan Jiamin , Ma Suhui , Feng Yuhao , Wang Haijun , Fang Jingyun , Xie Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFreshwater lakes across the world have undergone dramatic changes in biological components and water quality over the past several decades. Previous studies focused on potential drivers mainly on nutrient enrichment in the catchment. However, the relative importance of climate change and the top‐down cascade effects of fish stocking on water quality is not fully understood. Here, by compiling 155 lakes data with four periods of field investigation in subtropical lakes in China, we found no significant changes in water total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the past two decades. However, the phytoplankton abundance increased significantly, and the water clarity declined by 44.1%. We further found that carp stocking and climate change are potentially more important than nutrients driving water quality change, which is also evidenced in two lakes (Lake Donghu and Qiandao) with long‐term monitoring histories. Specifically, carp stocking can decrease the water clarity directly by stirring up sediment and indirectly by trophic cascade along the food web. For climatic factors, mean annual temperature (MAT) has a positive effect on phytoplankton abundance, while mean annual precipitation has a negative one, with climates overall having little effect on water clarity. In addition, nutrient enrichment and climate change also have strong interactions with carp stocking, which may enhance the top‐down effects on water quality. Our findings highlight that either MAT or carp stocking may become an overwhelming driver of water clarity decline, which provides new insights into the conservation strategy for water quality management in the subtropical lakes in China.
Terahertz Sources Based on Metrological‐Grade Frequency Combs
Authors: Riccardi Elisa , Pistore Valentino , Consolino Luigi , Sorgi Alessia , Cappelli Francesco , Eramo Roberto , De Natale Paolo , Li Lianhe , Davies Alexander Giles , Linfield Edmund H. , Vitiello Miriam S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBroadband metrological‐grade frequency comb (FC) synthesizers with a rich number of phase locked modes are the ideal sources for quantum sensing and quantum metrology. At terahertz (THz) frequencies, electrically pumped quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have shown quantum‐limited frequency noise operation, phase/frequency absolute referencing and self‐starting FC operation, albeit over a rather restricted dynamic range, governed by the nature of the quantum gain media that entangles group velocity dispersion at the different bias points. Here, a technological approach is conceived to achieve FC operation over the entire available gain bandwidth at THz frequencies. The intracavity light intensity of a multistack QCL, inherently showing a giant Kerr nonlinearity, is altered by increasing the mirror losses of its Fabry‐Perot cavity through coating the back facet with an epitaxially‐grown multilayer graphene film. This enables a frequency modulated THz FC showing a proliferation of emitted modes over the entire gain bandwidth and across more than 60% of its operational range, with ≈0.18 mW per mode optical power. The QCL FC is then experimentally characterized to assess its phase coherence, reconstructing its intensity emission profile, instantaneous frequency, and electric field, thus proving its metrological nature.
Origami–Kirigami Arts: Achieving Circular Dichroism by Flexible Meta‐Film for Electromagnetic Information Encryption
Authors: Wang He , Qin Zhe , Zhou Hongqiang , Li Chenchen , Bai Hui , Li Xin , Li Yongfeng , Zhang Jieqiu , Qu Shaobo , Huang Lingling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBoth origami and kirigami arts, the strategies of mechanically affording versatile and unconventional structural transformation, have attracted huge attention in the fields of physics and material science. With the assistance of meta‐devices, origami and kirigami techniques are gradually applied to guide electromagnetic waves yet the exploration on this academic issue is still in infancy. Here, a general paradigm that inspired by origami–kirigami arts is proposed to fit the Rosenfeld principle‐based chiroptical effect. TheL‐ andD‐enantiomers are implemented to tailor the aperture distribution of a fabricated meta‐film. By properly folding the meta‐film, the holographic images can be reconstructed at designated focal planes when driven by spin angular momenta for distinct frequency bands. Owing to the characteristics of flexibility and foldability, the fabricated meta‐film can be easily applied to carry and deploy, which may bring up another route for spin selective systems, camouflage, and information encryption.
A Coculture Based, 3D Bioprinted Ovarian Tumor Model Combining Cancer Cells and Cancer Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Baka Zakaria , Godier Claire , Lamy Laureline , Mallick Abhik , Gribova Varvara , Figarol Agathe , Bezdetnaya Lina , Chateau Alicia , Magne Zoé , Stiefel Marie , Louaguef Dounia , Lavalle Philippe , Gaffet Eric , Joubert Olivier , Alem Halima 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer remains a major public health issue due to its poor prognosis. To develop more effective therapies, it is crucial to set‐up reliable models that closely mimic the complexity of the ovarian tumor's microenvironment. 3D bioprinting is currently a promising approach to build heterogenous and reproducible cancer models with controlled shape and architecture. However, this technology is still poorly investigated to model ovarian tumors. In this study, a 3D bioprinted ovarian tumor model combining cancer cells (SKOV‐3) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are described. The resulting tumor models show their ability to maintain cell viability and proliferation. Cells are observed to self‐assemble in heterotypic aggregates. Moreover, CAFs are observed to be recruited and to circle cancer cells reproducing an in vivo process taking place in the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, this approach also shows its ability to rapidly generate a high number of reproducible tumor models that can be subjected to usual characterizations (cell viability and metabolic activity; histology and immunological studies; and real‐time imaging). Therefore, these ovarian tumor models can be an interesting tool for high throughput drug screening applications.
Avoiding through glossiness and approaching through matte: The effect of visual finish on perceived product effectiveness
Authors: Huang Yunhui , Song Wenjing , Yang Lu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research examines whether, how, and why visual finish (i.e., whether a product/package is glossy or matte) can affect consumers' perceived effectiveness of problem‐solving products. Drawing on approach–avoidance goal pursuit theory, this work classifies problem‐solving products into problem‐approaching and problem‐avoiding ones according to their operation processes. A pilot study demonstrates that participants are more likely to choose a glossy finish over a matte one for a problem‐avoiding (vs. problem‐approaching) product. Studies 1 and 2 collectively find that glossy (vs. matte) finishes increase consumers' perceived effectiveness of a problem‐avoiding product while the reverse is true for a problem‐approaching product. Moreover, this effect is mediated by perceived trustworthiness of product function (Study 3). Studies 4–5 further document its consequential implications on willingness‐to‐pay (Study 4; incentive‐compatible paradigm) and consumers' actual ad clicks (Study 5; field study). The findings contribute to the visual finish, product effectiveness, and approach–avoidance goal pursuit literatures. They also have significant managerial implications on product appearance design.
Zementindustrie: Kreisläufe und Kohlendioxid
Authors: Pato Nicolas , Zajac Maciej , Schmidt Volkmar M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractZementherstellung verursacht CO2‐Emissionen, die die Industrie durch Kreisläufe und Recycling zu senken sucht. Entscheidend ist der Unterschied zwischen neuem und recyceltem Beton. Es gibt Verfahren, die aufbereiteten Beton und CO2 aus der Zementproduktion für Kompositzemente nutzen.
Giftstoffe und Chemieanlagen im Krieg
Authors: Burck Kristoffer Johannes Reinhard , Krin Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIm Zuge des Angriffskriegs gegen die Ukraine haben Russland und Ukraine sich gegenseitig vorgeworfen, Chemiewaffen unter falscher Flagge einzusetzen oder deren Einsatz zu planen. Belege für die jeweiligen Vorwürfe fehlen bisher. Dabei existieren internationale Mechanismen, um die Anschuldigungen unabhängig untersuchen zu lassen.
Mach‐5: Molecular Machinery – Making, Measuring, Modeling
Authors: Herges Rainer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAuf ein neues Tagungsformat setzten Rainer Herges und Alberto Credi bei der viertägigen Mach‐5‐Konferenz (Molecular Machinery: Modelling, Making, Measuring, mach‐5.org) 2022 auf Schloss Plön bei Kiel: Jeder der Eingeladenen trug vor. Eingeladen waren ausschließlich Wissenschaftler unter 40 ohne Tenure Track, und erlaubt waren nicht nur Vorträge über Forschungsergebnisse, sondern auch die Präsentation neuer Konzepte und Ideen. Unterstützt wurde die Konferenz von den drei Chemienobelpreisträgern 2016, Ben Feringa, Fraser Stoddart und Jean‐Pierre Sauvage.
Fiber bridging mechanism in moisture‐induced mode I delamination in carbon/epoxy composites: Finite element analysis and experimental investigation
Authors: Wong King Jye , Chong William Woei Fong , Goh Kheng‐Lim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProlonged exposure of fiber reinforced composite structures to high moisture and temperature in outdoor environment could lead to the degradation of mechanical properties of the materials. To provides reliable prediction of the delamination behavior as the moisture progressively ingresses into the composites, we proposed a Bilinear‐Exponential Traction‐Separation (BETS) law‐which can account for the fiber bridging mechanism‐for investigating the mode I delamination of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates in wet states. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the delamination model was conducted to evaluate the effects of moisture content on the global force‐displacement curves. A cohesive zone model (CZM) was used to describe the delamination behavior at the interface. With regard to the force‐displacement curves, the BETS law agrees well with results from experimental study (using the double cantilever beam testing on the wet specimens) at both the elastic and failure regions. The delamination model governed by the BETS law also showed good agreement with the crack length versus the crosshead displacement. The FE model that considered the inputs from the BETS law yielded prediction about the evolution of the damage parameter and crack growth profile. In particular, the predicted crack extension increases linearly with increasing crosshead displacement. The proposed BETS law has the advantage of not requiring crack growth monitoring during experiment, and only one fitting parameter was needed to describe the bridging law at different moisture content levels.
Concerns experienced by parents of children treated for cancer: A qualitative study to inform adaptations to an internet‐administered, low‐intensity cognitive behavioral therapy intervention
Authors: Lundgren Johan , Thiblin Ella , Lutvica Nina , Reuther Christina , Farrand Paul , Woodford Joanne , von Essen Louise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveChildhood cancer treatment completion is associated with mental health difficulties and negative socioeconomic consequences for parents. However, psychological support needs are often unmet. We developed an internet‐administered, guided, low‐intensity cognitive behavioral therapy‐based self‐help intervention (EJDeR) and examined feasibility and acceptability with a single‐arm feasibility trial (ENGAGE). Results suggest EJDeR is acceptable, however, adherence, especially for fathers, could be improved. Following the Medical Research Council complex interventions framework, this study explores concerns experienced by parents actively seeking support related to their child's cancer who were recruited into ENGAGE to inform further adaptation of EJDeR.MethodSeventy‐three semi‐structured interviews (26 fathers, 47 mothers) were conducted, with data analyzed using manifest content analysis.ResultsAnalysis resulted in seven categories: (1) Feeling lost and lonely in life; (2) Low mood; (3) Parenting difficulties; (4) Productivity difficulties; (5) Relationship challenges; (6) Stress reactions; and (7) Worry. With the exception of subcategories Afraid of not being a good parent, Cancer recurrence, and Child's development and future a somewhat higher percentage of mothers than fathers mentioned all identified concerns.ConclusionParents described experiencing a range of concerns after their child had completed cancer treatment. EJDeR will be adapted to address these concerns and include indirect intervention modules targeting concerns such as stress. Information to support parenting, relationships, finance, and employment difficulties, alongside signposting to inform help‐seeking, will be included. Findings also suggest a need to improve the gender‐sensitivity of EJDeR.
Early childhood developmental skills of children with tracheostomies and ventilators recently discharged home
Authors: Sobotka Sarah A. , Lynch Emma , Msall Michael E. , Graham Robert J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfants who survive prematurity and critical illnesses but require ongoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are at high risk for developmental disabilities. However, their detailed developmental profiles are largely unknown.ObjectiveTo understand the developmental profiles of a cohort of young children with IMV after hospital‐to‐home transition.Design/methodsDevelopmental testing was completed 1 month after hospital discharge to determine functioning within motor, cognitive, and communicative domains using (1) the Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS); (2) the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI‐CAT); and (3) The Warner Initial Developmental Evaluation of Adaptive and Functional Skills (WIDEA‐FS). To complement validated testing, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents to understand perceived influences on neurodevelopment.ResultsTwenty children were evaluated at median (range) age 11 (5–27) months. Nearly half (45%) were male, 40% non‐Hispanic Black, and 25% Hispanic. Sixteen (80%) children were survivors of prematurity. After gestational age correction, median (range) full‐scale developmental quotients (DQ) were 69.5 (8–119): CAT DQ 62.5 (3–113) and CLAMS DQ 71.5 (12–125). Parents described that prolonged restriction within the hospital crib away from caregivers, despite hospital therapists, impedes development. Home environments improve development primarily through increased time with parents, but also play outside of the crib. One month after hospital discharge only 10% were receiving early intervention therapies.Conclusions/significanceChildren with IMV display wide ranges of neurodevelopmental skills with a majority experiencing substantial delays in motor, communicative, and adaptive functioning. The degree and cross‐domain challenges highlight the need for targeted and timely therapeutic strategies.