bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvements of soil quality and cocoa productivity with agricultural waste biochar
Authors: Ferry Y , Herman M , Tarigan E B , Pranowo D 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNational cocoa production has been decreasing, which was in 2017 down to 600,000 tons/year, only a third quarter of national need. The decline is due to a decrease in national cocoa production caused by lower productivity in smallholder cocoa. In 2003, the productivity was 1,100 kg/ha/year and in 2017 was only 820 kg/ha/year. The low productivity is caused by pod rot disease, pod borer, and vascular streak dieback (VSD). Not only that, soil degradation was also found to be a contributing factor. Compost or manure have been used as ameliorants, but they should be in high volume and have a short-term effect (3-4 months), easily decomposed, and produce CO2that damages the ozone layers. A more suitable solution is using biochar which is more resistant to decomposition (hundreds of years), can hold CO2, water, and nutrients from being washed away by erosion. In addition, biochar does not require Cocoa farming generate organic waste that can be processed into biochar, such as cocoa pods, cocoa or shade trees from pruning. The biomass produced can reach up to 8-18 tons/year and is adequate to improve the soil fertility in cocoa plantations.
Morphological variations of 20 lemongrass accessions
Authors: Susilowati M , Syukur C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) is an aromatic plant, has important benefits in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Lemongrass is often used as a spice in traditional Indonesian dishes. Its essential oil has a strong aroma and compounds that function as fungicides, anthelmintics, insecticides, and antimicrobials. This study aimed to identify genetic variations among 20 accessions of lemongrass based on morphological character. The result showed that there was morphological variation among accessions of lemongrass. Analysis of genetic variation from morphological characters with dendrogram showed that accessions were divided into three groups at the similarity of about 70%. CICI 0001, CICI 0002, CICI 0005, CICI 0006, CICI 0008, CICI 0009, CICI 0015, CICI 0016, CICI 0017, CICI 0018, CICI 0019 and CICI 0020 were in group I; CICI 0003, CICI 0004, CICI 0007, CICI 0011, CICI 0012, CICI 0013 were in group II, and CICI 0014; and there was only CICI 0010 at group III. The CICI 0003 accession had good performance based on morphological characteristics, namely plant height, canopy width, stem diameter, stem height, leaf blade length, leaf length and total stem weight per clump. CICI 0003 and CICI 0015 have good morphological characters with the farthest genetic distance.
Identification of true male parents in F1 populations of cacao using SSR markers
Authors: Izzah N K , Sulistiyorini I , Wicaksono I N A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCacao is widely cultivated in Indonesia because of its economic benefits. The development of new varieties with desirable traits is required to meet industrial demands. In the present study, two hundred and four F1 cacao progenies have been generated from crossing between ten parental combinations to improve high-yielding varieties. However, progeny paternity of each clone remained undetermined. The study aimed to identify the male parents of F1 cacao populations using SSR markers. A total of 38 SSR markers were applied to screen polymorphism among ten parental combinations. Eleven polymorphic markers were used to amplify 204 cacao F1 hybrids. The genotype data were analyzed using the Cervus program to identify the true genotype of male parents. The result showed that 87 F1 progenies were identified as the true genotype of male parents at a 95% confidence level. Therefore, out of 204 F1 progenies, 87 F1 progenies have been identified their true male parents’ identity. This study demonstrated the utility of SSR markers to detect the true identity of male parents, which helps breeders select F1 progenies known to their parents’ identities.
Viability of sugarcane and Erianthus arundinaceus pollen under marcotting treatment
Authors: Ridhawati A , Mahayu W M , Garusti G , Asbani N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Most of the sugarcane cultivated today is the hybrid between Saccharum offinarum and its relative, S. spontaneum. The breeding relies mainly on the crossing of male and female parents, which needs the excellent viability of the pollen from the male parent. Marcotting or air layer is a technique to facilitate parents to be crossed outside of the sugarcane fields. The technique allows sugarcane roots to grow from stalk internodes wrapped with soil to maintain the viability of the male and female gametes during the crossing. We investigated the effect of marcotted stalks on pollen viability. The cultivars observed in the study were PS-862, PS-865, 88-1762, and 89-2143, along with the Saccharum’s wild relative, Erianthus arundinaceus. Pollens from marcotted and control stalks were taken and stained with Lugol’s or IKI solution daily to confirm their viability and diameter measurement. Additional parameters observed were root weight, male and female organ morphometry. The results showed that pollen viability was not affected by marcotting or air layering treatment. In addition, the treatment could maintain flower anthesis in panicles or arrows within more than two weeks. The pollen sizes varied among cultivar and genus, while the viable pollen tended to be bigger than the non-viable ones.
Study of paraquat dichloride residue in oil palm
Authors: Nurulalia L , Mubin N , Dadang  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Paraquat dichloride is a non-selective contact herbicide commonly used in oil palm plantations. It causes the leaves to wilt quickly, dehydrate, and eventually die. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of paraquat residues in oil palm fruits. The study has conducted from November 2019 to February 2020. Fruit samples were collected from oil palm plantations in three provinces (North Sumatra, Jambi, and West Kalimantan). Paraquat is applied two times per year with a high volume spraying dose of one liter per hectare. The last application of paraquat dichloride was 30 days before harvest in North Sumatra and Jambi, and 14 days in West Kalimantan. The samples were taken randomly from five trees aged eight years (TM-8), then mixed for analysis. The result showed that paraquat residue content was undetected at the analytical detection limit of 0.0151 ppm. It means that the paraquat residue was below the detection level or that there was no residue in the oil palm fruits. As a result, the application of paraquat to control the weeds around the plantation leaves no residue in oil palm fruits.
Improvement of drought tolerance of patchouli through gamma irradiation and in vitro selection
Authors: Suhesti S , Susilowati M , Sirait N , Haryudin W , Hadipoentyanti E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The research was undertaken to obtain drought-tolerant patchouli putative mutant calli through gamma-irradiation and in-vitro selection using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Patchoulina 2 variety was used as the mother plant. Embryogenic calli were induced on three medium formulation (combination of 0.1; 0.3 and 0.5 mg/l 2.4D with 0.1 mg/l BAP). The induced embryogenic calli were then exposed to nine levels of Gamma irradiation (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gray) in combination with two levels of PEG (0 and 20%). The results showed that MS media with 2.4-D 0.3 mg/l and BAP 0.1 mg/l was the best medium for callus induction. The ability of calli to survive decreased with increasing doses of gamma irradiation. The radiosensitivity of patchouli calli showed that LD20 at 14.06 Gray and LD50 at 26.98 Gray. The drought-tolerant patchouli putative mutant calli were obtained from gamma-ray irradiation doses 15, 20, and 25 Gray in selection media 20% PEG has better drought stress tolerance compared to parent Patchoulina 2 variety. Further selection in the glasshouse and field are needed to obtain a candidate variety of patchouli drought tolerance.
Response of sow thistle to the level of shading and mycorrhiza
Authors: Trisilawati Octivia , Syakir Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Perennial sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants that contain flavonoid compounds. The research aimed to examine the effects of shading and mycorrhiza application toward the growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot, chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and quercetin content of S. arvensis. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The experimental design used was a split-plot design, with shading level as the main plot and mycorrhiza application as the subplot. Shading treatment comprised four levels: 0%, 25%, 40%, and 75%, whether subplot comprised two levels: control and with mycorrhizal inoculation. The result showed that shading significantly affected plant growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot, and chlorophyll content. Without shading levels (level 0%) resulted in the highest plant growth, nutrient uptake and yield. The shading level of 0% with AMF application resulted in the highest yield of quercetin. The chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content was not significantly different at 0%, 25%, and 40% shading levels but decreased significantly at 75% shade levels.
Evaluation of Gayo coffee germplasm on Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) resistances
Authors: Samsudin  , Dani  , Syafaruddin  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Gayo Experimental Station (GES) germplasm has the most complete collection of Arabica coffee in the world. The utilization of these collections to search coffee berry borer (CBB) resistant lines has not been carried out. This study aimed to evaluate 17 germplasm lines/varieties of Arabica coffee in GES against CBB resistance. Observation of CBB infestation level in the field was conducted at GES, Bener Meriah, Aceh. Each line used 10 trees and randomly selected 4 branches. Then the number of CBB-infested and healthy cherries were counted. At harvest time, were taken from each line 100 cherries randomly. Parameters observed were cherry weight, discus diameters, and cherries infested. Genetical resistance tests carried out at the plant protection laboratory of IIBCRI, Sukabumi, West Java. The parameter observed was the number of cherries infested. The results showed that CBB infestation level in germplasm was very low, caused by environmental factors that are not suitable for CBB development. There was a positive correlation between cherry discus diameters and CBB infestation rate. The results of genetic resistance testing in the laboratory showed that all of the evaluated Gayo arabica coffee lines/varieties showed a lightly susceptible response to CBB.
Sustainable agriculture practice using Trichoderma and nonpathogenic Fusarium to control Vanilla Shoot Rot disease
Authors: Taufiq E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Vanilla shoots rot (VShR) disease in Indonesia is generally detrimental to the nursery, but due to the extreme climate change, the VShR disease attacks the vanilla plants grown in the field increases. This paper describes the development of research on the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. and nonpathogenic Fusarium (FusNP) in controlling VShR, starting from isolation and identification of antagonistic fungi, in vitro testing to research results in the field, compared with the use of synthetic fungicides. The nonpathogenic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy vanilla plants were dominated by Trichoderma spp and nonpathogenic fusarium because they used selective media. The study showed that Trichoderma sp. and FusNP were quite effective in controlling the disease VShR in the field, similar to the effectiveness of synthetic fungicides, whereas the incidence of control was 32%. The use of synthetic fungicides intensively causes environmental pollution in the form of pesticide residues on leaves and fruit vanilla.
Zabak Tall as a potential coconut variety in tidal areas
Authors: Kumaunang J , Miftahorrachman  , Manaroinsong E , Maskromo I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A challenge still being faced at the coconut farmers’ level is the low productivity, which is only at an average of 1.2 tons of copra per hectare per year. Apart from being caused by old plant age, it is also caused by low-quality seeds. The types of superior coconut that are currently available are still limited, especially the tidal-specific varieties. The research was conducted in the Village of Tanjung Solok, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia, from 2015 to 2018, using an observational survey, which was aimed to find promising lines of coconut that suitable for the tidal areas. The observed characters include vegetative, generative, and fruit components. The analysis of the coefficient variance was carried out to determine the level of variance and production potential of the Zabak Tall coconut. Meanwhile, the yield stability was analyzed by observing the linearity of the production characters for three years. The results showed that the productivity of Zabak Tall is at about 3.09 tons of copra per hectare per year, which is stable for three years of observation and even tends to increase due to selection activities.
Effect of vermicompost on yield and quality of Kemloko tobacco
Authors: Hidayati S N , Syaputra R , Hamida R , Djajadi  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The role of organic fertilizer is essential as an ameliorant of soil for tobacco cultivation. This study aimed to determine the effect of organic fertilizer types and N fertilizer on soil chemical characteristics, yield, and quality of tobacco. The study was carried out in the field experimental station, located in Glapansari village of Temanggung in 2017. The research was arranged in a split-plot design with two factors and three replications. The first factor as the main plot is two organic fertilizer types (vermicompost and manure). The second factor as the subplot is N fertilizer consisting of three levels (90, 120, and 150 kg N ha−1). The result showed that the effect of vermicompost and manure was not significantly different on soil chemicals, except on soil C content. At the same level of N rate, vermicompost gave a higher tobacco yield than manure fertilizer. Vermicompost with the lowest N level (90 kg kg N ha−1) produced a high tobacco crop index (crop value index). Vermicompost can reduce inorganic N fertilizer input and could be used as an ameliorant of tobacco dryland.
Superior morphological characteristics of Kobura promising Robusta coffee clones from South Sumatera Province
Authors: Wicaksono I N A , Randriani E , Dani  , Santoso T J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Released new superior clones of Robusta coffee have an essential role as sources of high qualities planting materials. Each clone should have unique and distinctive morphological marker(s) which are easily visual-characterized. Assessment of morphological markers allows plant breeders to discriminate and identify the most promising genotypes for variety development. This study aimed to characterize morphological markers and reveal the superiority of 3 promising clones of Robusta coffee, i.e., Kobura 1, Kobura 2, and Kobura 3. The result of morphological characterization showed that the 3 promising clones have distinctive morphological characters. Shoot tip color of Kobura 1 and Kobura 2 clones is light green, whereas Kobura 3 is brownish-green. Kobura 1 clone has the largest flower size, whereas Kobura 2 and Kobura 3 clones have smaller flower sizes, respectively. Cherries disc of Kobura 1 is flat and large, differing from Kobura 2 and Kobura 3, which have small and slightly protruded cherries discs. Cherries of Kobura 1, Kobura 2, and Kobura 3 clones have roundish, oblong, and obovate shapes, respectively. The superiority of those 3 clones is cupping score, categorized as very good specialty to excellent specialty.
Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and stepwise regression method to select the areca nut population as across parent material
Authors: Romadhon M R , Tulalo M A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Areca nut is widely distributed in tropical areas, including Indonesia. Areca nut has a genetic source for hybrid development. Areca nut is a cross-pollinated plant, so the gene constitution is expected to be heterogeneous and heterozygous. A stepwise regression approach can be utilized to identify the best model of several characters for selection. This study aimed to find out the suitable model and selection characters for selecting a potential population of Areca for use as a cross-parent material. The study was conducted at the Kayuwatu Experimental Garden using the Local Areca Accession Population. The research used a single block with 7 local accessions of areca nut and the vegetative and generative characters of 10 plants from each accession were observed. The results showed that the best model for estimating whole fruit weight (y) = 86586 - 498 stem circumference* + 11158 Fruits Per Bunch* + 4738 Number of Leaves + 38.9 Number of Fruits Per Bunch** + 58.8 fruit equatorial circumference* + 1545 fruit polar circumference *. Based on stepwise regression, only stem circumference, fruit equatorial circumference, fruit polar circumference, and the number of fruits per bunch might be used as the selection criteria to determine the best population.
Multivariate analysis of Nypa fruticans from North Sulawesi based on morphological characters
Authors: Romadhon M R , Manaroinsong E. , Matana Y R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNypa grows mainly on the river banks. A number of nypa germplasm accessions were collected from three locations, namely North Minahasa (Wori district), South Minahasa (Paslaten District), and Southeast Minahasa (Tumbak District). The study aimed to determine the morphological differences amongst the collected germplasms and their correlation using multivariate analysis. The research used RCBD with 3 replications using five individual plants. The results showed that characters that have a high correlation for fruit weight are the fruit polar circumference (0.97), the fruit equatorial circumference (0.98), and the rachis length (0.84). An increase in one unit of these characters will increase the fruit weight. The average linkage method and heatmap with a cut-off point of 0.38 divided the accessions into two groups; the first group were Tumbak 1, Tumbak 2, Tumbak 3, Tumbak 4, and Tumbak 5, and the second group were Wori 1, Wori 2, Wori 3 , Wori 4, Wori 5, Paslaten 1, Paslaten 2, Paslaten 3, Paslaten 4, and Paslaten 5. Clustergram heatmap showed three groups with a high average of fruit polar circumference and weight per fruit, namely Paslaten 1, Paslaten 3, and Paslaten 5. The multivariate analysis clusters the accessions into groups with similar morphology.
Internal flow of nutrients in organic farming systems in tidal swamp
Authors: Kurnain Ahmad , Mahbub M , Septiana M , Makalew A M , Murjani A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sustainable nutrient management is critical to the success of an agroecosystem. The potential of nutrient flow to agroecosystems in tidal swamps can be observed in several of soil and water management. Tidal swamp land management based on surjan and tabukan system are often used to farm several sub-agricultures, namely rice fields, ponds, and citrus plantations. This study aimed to determine N nutrients’ input, output, and internal flow in organic farming systems. This study is limited to observing the internal components. The integrated organic farming system in tidal swampland, usually used for orange in the raised beds and rice in the sunken beds/wetland sections or fishponds, demontrated the potential for inorganic N-flow between farming sub-systems and between components within the system. Scenarios for the use of rice straw for external production sub-systems such as for citrus plantations and composting for external purposes need consideration. This potential can be a sub-component of nutrient input for other sub-systems or the next planting season. The simulation of the integrated rice-citrus-fishpond agroecosystem model showed a positive nutrient balance, especially N nutrients. This model needs to be further developed.
The effect of habitat condition of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) to arthropods and rat infestation
Authors: Armando R , Hindayana D , Priyambodo S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantation types on the diversity and abundance of arthropods, the population and percentage of rat infestation. The research was conducted at oil palm plantation in Cikasungka, Bogor Regency, West Java in 2015 with three different types of plantations i.e. clean cultivation, natural vegetation, and legume cover crop. This research used three sampling methods i.e. pitfall trap, swing net, direct observation. The research was carried out in an area of 100 m x 100 m with 20 sample plants for each habitat. Sampling technique, trapping, and observation of arthropods and rat infestation were done nine times with an interval of two weeks. The results indicated that legume cover crop habitat had the highest arthropods diversity index and the lowest rate of rat infestation, compared with those of the other habitat types of plantations.
Factors affecting farmers’ decision to use organic fertilizers on Robusta coffee plantation: A case study in Tanggamus, Lampung
Authors: Hasibuan A M , Ferry Y , Wulandari S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The dependency on agri-chemical inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, tends to increase among small-scale farmers in developing countries. On the other hand, demand for organic products, including coffee, continuously increases due to the rising concern of the consumers for sustainable products and a healthy lifestyle without chemical residues. This study aims to understand the determinant factors that affect small-scale farmers in using organic fertilizers. The research was conducted in Tanggamus Regency from June – August 2019 using a survey method. Respondents were determined using a simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a linear regression model. The results showed that the use of organic fertilizers is still limited and farmers tend to use chemical fertilizers to maintain their coffee plants. The dose of inorganic fertilizer and ownership of the number of coffee trees have a negative effect on the application of organic fertilizer. While the experience of farmers in coffee farming and the age of coffee plants have a positive effect on the dose of organic fertilizer applied.