bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two-Bag Versus Three-Bag N-Acetylcysteine Regimens for Pediatric Acetaminophen Toxicity
Authors: Sudanagunta Sindhu , Camarena-Michel Alexa , Pennington Stephanie , Leonard Jan , Hoyte Christopher , Wang George Sam 
Published: May 2022

Background: Acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of liver failure, and a leading cause of pediatric poisoning requiring hospital admission. The antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is traditionally administered as a three-bag intravenous infusion. Despite its efficacy, NAC is associated with high incidence of nonallergic anaphylactoid reactions (NAARs). Adult evidence demonstrates that alternative dosing regimens decrease NAARs and medication errors (MEs). Objectives: To compare NAARs and MEs associated with two- versus three-bag NAC for acetaminophen overdose in a pediatric population. Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study comparing pediatric patients who received three- versus two-bag NAC for acetaminophen toxicity. The primary outcome was incidence of NAARs. Secondary outcomes were rates of MEs and relevant hospital outcomes (length of stay [LOS], intensive care unit (ICU) admission, liver transplant, death). Results: Two hundred forty-three patients met inclusion criteria (median age of 15 years): 150 (62%) three-bag NAC and 93 (38%) two-bag NAC. There was no difference in overall NAARs ( p = 0.54). Fewer cutaneous NAARs were observed in the two-bag group, three-bag: 15 (10%), two-bag: 2 (2%), p = 0.02. MEs were significantly decreased with the two-bag regimen, three-bag: 59 (39%), two-bag: 21 (23%), p = 0.01. No statistical differences were observed in LOS, ICU admissions, transplant, or death. Conclusion and relevance: A significant decrease in cutaneous NAARs and MEs was observed in pediatric patients by combining the first two bags of the traditional three-bag NAC regimen. In pediatric populations, a two-bag NAC regimen for acetaminophen overdose may improve medication tolerance and safety.
Evaluation of Pulmonary Effects of 3-D Printer Emissions From Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Using an Air-Liquid Interface Model of Primary Normal Human-Derived Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Farcas Mariana T. , McKinney Walter , Coyle Jayme , Orandle Marlene , Mandler W. Kyle , Stefaniak Aleksandr B. , Bowers Lauren , Battelli Lori , Richardson Diana , Hammer Mary A. , Friend Sherri A. , Service Samantha , Kashon Michael , Qi Chaolong , Hammond Duane R. , Thomas Treye A. , Matheson Joanna , Qian Yong 
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the inhalation toxicity of the emissions from 3-D printing with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament using an air-liquid interface (ALI) in vitro model. Primary normal human-derived bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) were exposed to ABS filament emissions in an ALI for 4 hours. The mean and mode diameters of ABS emitted particles in the medium were 175 ± 24 and 153 ± 15 nm, respectively. The average particle deposition per surface area of the epithelium was 2.29 × 107 ± 1.47 × 107 particle/cm2, equivalent to an estimated average particle mass of 0.144 ± 0.042 μg/cm2. Results showed exposure of NHBEs to ABS emissions did not significantly affect epithelium integrity, ciliation, mucus production, nor induce cytotoxicity. At 24 hours after the exposure, significant increases in the pro-inflammatory markers IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A, VEGF, MCP-1, and MIP-1α were noted in the basolateral cell culture medium of ABS-exposed cells compared to non-exposed chamber control cells. Results obtained from this study correspond with those from our previous in vivo studies, indicating that the increase in inflammatory mediators occur without associated membrane damage. The combination of the exposure chamber and the ALI-based model is promising for assessing 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity.
Tobacco Use Among People Incarcerated in Western Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alokan Damilola Sophia , Kabir Zubair 
Published: May 2022

Background Evidence suggests that the prevalence of tobacco use has declined significantly in the general population but still remains high among people incarcerated in high-income countries. Tobacco use is the second leading risk factor of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The objective of this study is to synthesize evidence on the prevalence of smoking among people incarcerated in Western European countries. Methods We searched the PubMed database for articles published between June 2010 and June 2020, website of international organizations and hand-searching references. One author reviewed studies that met pre-defined inclusion criteria, and this was cross-validated by a second reviewer, following the MOOSE guidelines. The Meta prop command of Stata (V16) was used for pooling smoking prevalence estimates. Random effects modelling, heterogeneity with subgroup analysis and publication bias was assessed. Results Out the 236 identified articles, 25 with full texts were eligible, and 16 were finally included in this study. The overall pooled estimate of smoking prevalence was 72.3%, 95% CI (54.8–84.7), and high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.73%). Females had a pooled prevalence 44.1% (95% CI 9.4–82.6) while males 83.3% (95% CI 72.0–92.1). The total number of prisoners combined in this study was 16,435 (ranging from 31-21,451) with age ranging from 24-43 years. Conclusion A relatively high smoking rate was observed among incarcerated people - higher among the male population. The study findings are useful for informing policy-makers of the existing burden of smoking in special vulnerable populations across Western Europe-and the need for comprehensive tobacco control policies in different population settings.
Cicatricial Conjunctivitis and Concurrent Clinical Features: A Case Study
Authors: Farrag Abdelsattar , Chan Anita , Tong Louis 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: We report a case of cicatricial conjunctivitis to illustrate the clinical approach for management of such a case. This is a 52-year-old Chinese man who presented with bilateral red eyes associated with itching for a year. He had a history of chronic itchy rash in the chest and the arms. Otherwise there was no history of autoimmune disease, asthma, sinusitis, or drug allergy. On examination, he had diffuse hyperemia over both conjunctivae, with symblepharon involving the inferior bulbar and palpebral conjunctivae, associated with cicatrization of the caruncles, and obliteration of inferior lacrimal puncta. There were mild subtarsal papillary reaction with Meibomian gland dysfunction and presence of inferior mis-directed eyelashes. The corneas showed multiple foci of superficial epitheliopathy. A clinical diagnosis of chronic cicatricial conjunctivitis was made, with differential diagnosis of chronic atopic allergic conjunctivitis. Conjunctival biopsy was performed from the inferior conjunctival adhesions and it showed patchy chronic stromal inflammation with focal lymphoplasmacytic sub-epithelial infiltrates and loss of goblet cells. The stroma shows marked fibrosis, with no evidence of mast cells or eosinophils. In particular, there were no deposits of IgA, IgM, C3, and fibrinogen in the basement membrane. The patient was treated with topical loteprednol, glucocorticoids and artificial tears, and his symptoms improved after treatment. Conclusion: We present a man with cicatricial conjunctivitis with chronic subconjunctival inflammation and fibrosis but no immune deposits in the conjunctival basement membrane on histology, to illustrate the clinical approach and diagnostic challenges in managing such a case.
Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma and Poorly Cohesive Carcinoma in Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yeo Min Kyung , Kang Sun Hyung , Jeong Ku Bean , Lee Hyun Seok , Jeon Hong Jae , Eun Hyuk Soo , Lee Eaum Seok , Moon Hee Seok , Kim Seok Hyun , Sung Jae Kyu , Lee Byung Seok , Jeong Hyun Yong 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Although signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is a subtype of poorly cohesive carcinoma (PC), the differences in the biological behavior between the 2 morphologically similar carcinomas have not been fully studied. Therefore, we performed transcriptome analysis to evaluate the differences of genetic expressions between SRC and PC. Methods: The study group consisted of patients with SRC or PC pathology from patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) whose depth of invasion was localized in the mucosal layer. A total of 18 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on their histologic type and lymph node (LN) status. Group 1 consisted of patients with PC and positive LN metastasis, Group 2 consisted of patients with PC without LN metastasis, and Group 3 consisted of patients with SRC without LN metastasis. Transcriptome analysis was performed using the nCounter PanCancer Progression Panel Kit. Results: The expression of 77 genes in Group 1 was altered compared to that in normal tissues. The expression of 49 and 13 genes in Groups 2 and 3, respectively, was altered when compared to that in normal tissues. Groups 1 and 2 showed similar genetic expressions. However, Group 3 showed numerous differences in gene expression including Roundabout4 (Robo4) compared to the other groups, especially Group 1. Conclusion: Our data suggest that gene expression patterns were different between SRC and PC and expression of ROBO4 may play an important role in the prognosis of SRC and PC type of EGC.
Edaravone Inhibits the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Phagocytosis- and PKC-Stimulated Granulocytes from Multiple Sclerosis Patients Edaravone Modulate Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Villar-Delfino Pedro Henrique , Gomes Nathália Augusta Oliveira , Christo Paulo Pereira , Nogueira-Machado José Augusto , Volpe Caroline Maria Oliveira 
Published: May 2022

Background Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of MS. Edaravone (EDV) has been proposed as a therapeutic resource for central nervous system diseases, and it was effective in reducing oxidative stress. However, the antioxidant mechanisms of EDV are poorly studied. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of EDV on resting, phagocytosis, and PKC-activated granulocytes derived from MS patients and a healthy control group. Methods The effects of EDV on ROS production in phagocytosis (ROS production in the presence of opsonized particles) and PKC-stimulated granulocytes were evaluated in a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method. Calphostin C was used in some experiments to compare with those of EDV. Results EDV inhibited ROS production in phagocytosis of opsonized particles and PKC-stimulated granulocytes from MS patients and healthy control group. In the presence of calphostin C, the inhibition of ROS production was similar to that observed with EDV. Conclusion These findings suggest the involvement of EDV on the ROS-PKC-NOX signaling pathways modulating oxidative stress in MS. EDV represents a promising treatment option to control oxidative innate immune response for MS.
Prevalence and risk factors of mood and anxiety disorders in children and young people: Findings from the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey
Authors: Bunting Lisa , Nolan Emma , McCartan Claire , Davidson Gavin , Grant Anne , Mulholland Ciaran , Schubotz Dirk , McBride Orla , Murphy Jamie , Shevlin Mark 
Published: May 2022

Objective: This paper presents the key findings from the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey (NIYWS), specifically the prevalence of common mental health disorders and their association with personal, familial and socio-economic risk factors. Methods: The Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey (NIYWS) is a large nationally representative household survey of young people aged 2–19 years (N = 3074) and their parents (N = 2816). Data collection was by means of a stratified random probability household survey. Children and young people were eligible to take part if they were aged 2 to 19 and lived in Northern Ireland. Mood and anxiety disorders were measured using the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS: Chorpita et al., 2000). Results: Based on the cut-off scores for the RCADS 11.5% of the sample met the criteria for any mental health disorder. The most prevalent disorder was panic disorder (6.76%) and the least common was generalised anxiety disorder (2.69%). Poor child health, special educational needs, parental separation, living in a household in receipt of benefits, living in an area of deprivation and living in an urban area were all significant predictors of any mood or anxiety disorder. Conclusions: The results indicate somewhat elevated prevalence rates of mood and anxiety disorders in children and young people in Northern Ireland compared to England and other international countries. These findings can be used to help inform mental health policy and practice.
Adding composite truss to improve mechanical properties of reinforced concrete T-girder bridge
Authors: Yang Caiqian , Du Wenping , Hou Peng , Zhu Fawang , Chen Yaojing , Ma Changjun , Pan Yong , Zhang Honglei 
Published: May 2022

To solve the problem of insufficient transverse connection of T-girder bridges, this paper investigated the strengthening method of two composite trusses symmetrically installed in mid-span. The composite truss included two top plates, four diagonal braces, and one horizontal brace. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete T-girder using single-point loading method under four load cases. The experimental results showed that the maximum transverse stiffness of T-girder specimens strengthened with composite trusses improved by 12.4% compared with control beams. Simultaneously, it had an excellent restraining effect on the cracks development. The maximum percentage decrease in the deflection corresponding to the maximum load when the reinforced concrete T-girder strengthened with composite trusses over the control beam of up to 39.7 was observed. In addition, the load transverse distribution coefficient was investigated according to rigid-jointed slab (girder) method. The composite trusses were chosen as intermediate diaphragm to calculate moment of inertia. The analytical model was in an accurate with the experimental result under the same loading condition. The optimize spacing of composite trusses was given from 600 mm ( L/10) to 1200 mm ( L/5), and thickness of top plate was 30 mm when the load transverse distribution coefficient was homogeneously distributed. Finally, a three-dimensional finite element model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of composite trusses.
Conditional simulation of 3D nonstationary wind field for sea-crossing bridges
Authors: Huang Zifeng , Xu You-lin , Xia Yong 
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a framework for the conditional simulation of a 3D nonstationary wind field for super-long sea-crossing bridges based on wind speed time histories measured by limited anemometers on site. The variations of wind characteristics along the bridge deck with multi-elements are considered in this framework. The wind characteristics, including mean wind speeds, mean wind directions, turbulence intensities, turbulence integral scales, evolutionary wind spectra and spectral parameters, coherence functions and function parameters, at the measurement points are first obtained by analyzing the measured wind speed time histories. The wind characteristics are then extended over all the simulation points along the deck of the sea-crossing bridge using the spatial interpolation method and considering the variation of deck height above the sea level using the profiles of mean wind speeds, turbulence intensities and turbulence integral scales estimated from the measured wind speed time histories. After working out wind cross correlation functions, wind speed time histories at all simulation points over the sea-crossing bridge can be conditionally simulated. The proposed framework is finally applied to a real 22.9 km sea-crossing bridge under Typhoon Higos. The conditionally simulated wind speed time histories at all simulation points of the bridge are acceptable and consist a complete wind field which can be used for the buffeting analysis of the bridge.
Emergency hospital admissions, prognosis, and population mortality in Norway during the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Juul Frederik E. , Barua Ishita , Bretthauer Michael , Kalager Mette , Løberg Magnus , Emilsson Louise 
Published: May 2022

Background: During the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic, a national lockdown was established in Norway, and inhabitants were asked to contact healthcare only if absolutely necessary. We investigated hospital admissions and mortality due to non-Covid-19 disease during the lockdown compared to previous years. Methods: We compared the number of emergency admissions and in-hospital fatality for diagnoses probably unaffected (acute myocardial infarction, acute abdominal conditions, cerebrovascular diseases) and affected by the lockdown (infections, injuries) in the South-Eastern Health Region of Norway during weeks 12–22, 2020, compared to the mean of the same period in the years 2017–2019. We also compared population mortality March–May 2020, to the mean of the same period in years 2017–2019. Results: A total of 280,043 emergency admissions were observed; 20,911 admissions probably unaffected, and 30,905 admissions probably affected by the lockdown. Admissions due to diagnoses probably unaffected was reduced by 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9–15%), compared to 2017–2019. Admissions for diagnoses probably affected was reduced by 30% (95% CI 28–32%). There was a 34% reduction in in-hospital fatality due to acute myocardial infarction (95% CI 4–56%), 19% due to infections (95% CI 1–33%), and no change for the other diagnoses, compared to 2017–2019. The risk of in-hospital mortality to total mortality was lower for acute myocardial infarction (relative risk 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.99) and injuries (relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.98). Conclusions: Even though fewer patients were admitted to hospital, there was no increase in in-hospital fatality or population mortality, indicating that those who were most in need still received adequate care.
Which factors are associated with COVID-19 infection incidence in care services for older people in Nordic countries? A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rauhala Auvo S. , Fagerström Lisbeth M. , Lindholst Andrej C. , Sinervo Timo S. , Bertelsen Tilde M. , Bliksvær Trond , Lunde Bente V. , Solli Rolf , Wolmesjö Maria G. , Hansen Morten B. 
Published: May 2022

Aims: To investigate the differences between Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway regarding residential/home care units’ and frontline managers’ background factors, the resources allocated and measures taken during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether and how these differences were associated with COVID-19 among older people in residential/home units. Methods: Register- and survey-based data. Responses from managers in municipal and private residential/home units. Number of municipal COVID-19 cases from national registries. Multilevel logistic multivariate regression analysis with presence of COVID-19 among older people in residential/home units as the outcome variable. Results: The proportions of residential/home units with client COVID-19 cases, mid-March–April 2020 were Denmark 22.7%, Finland 9.0%, Norway 9.7% and Sweden 38.8%, most cases found in clusters. The proportions were similar among employees. Client likelihood of having COVID-19 was six-fold higher if the employees had COVID-19. Mean client cases per residential/home unit were Denmark 0.78, Finland 0.46, Norway 0.22 and Sweden 1.23. For the same municipal infection incidence class, Sweden’s mean client infection levels were three-fold those of other countries. The regression analysis variables country, municipal COVID-19 incidence proportion, and care type were associated with client cases at p ⩽ .001. Compared with Denmark, the odds ratios (ORs) for Sweden, Norway and Finland were 1.86, 0.41 and 0.35 respectively. The variable difficulties in preventive testing had an OR of 1.56, p ⩽ .05. Conclusions: Municipal COVID-19 incidence, employee cases, and the lack of testing resources somewhat explained the confirmed COVID-19 cases among older people in residential/home units. A two- to five-fold unexplained inter-country difference in ORs in the multivariate analyses was notable. The level of protection of vulnerable older clients in municipal and private residential/home units differed between the included countries.
Implementation Strategies to Support Built Environment Approaches in Community Settings
Authors: Balis Laura E. , Vincent Jessica 
Published: May 2022

Background Built environment approaches are recommended to improve population physical activity levels. Implementation strategies are needed to improve uptake, but little is known about effective strategies to translate research to practice in community settings. Purpose Inform implementation strategies through understanding delivery agents’ perceptions of (1) built environment approaches, (2) a toolkit developed to support implementation, and (3) other required implementation strategies. Method A toolkit was developed to detail the process of partnering to change the built environment and provide examples of built environment approaches (e.g., walking paths, traffic calming). Data were collected through focus groups (N = 3) with Extension Agents (n = 46) in 2020. The semi-structured focus group script was based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Technology Acceptance model. Rapid content analysis techniques and a deductive, grounded theory approach were used to interpret the data. Results. Focus groups generated meaning units coded into themes of perceptions of the intervention (subthemes: barriers, resources needed, and facilitators) and perceptions of the toolkit (subthemes: components to add, positive perceptions, and helpful components). The most common resources needed were coalition guidance and funding. Conclusion Agents experience barriers and facilitators to implementing built environment approaches and have specific needs for support. Based on the results, we created implementation strategies: (1) Places for Physical Activity toolkit, (2) Coalition Coaching, and (3) Mini-Grants. Future work is needed to investigate the effectiveness of these implementation strategies.