bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato Leafhopper Control in Dry Bean, 1992
Authors: Noetzel David , Maher Pat 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were placed in a commercial cranberry bean field planted on 13 May. Plot size was 4 rows, 9.1 m long x 0.75 m wide. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Pretreatment PLH counts were 1.2/leaf. Foliar materials were applied on 8 and 22 Jul. Each application consisted of a 2 liter total applied to 0.00167 ha. PLH counts in untreated plots on 22 Jul were 1.1/leaf.
Cabbage and Green Peach Aphid Control on Seed Broccoli, 1992
Authors: Rethwisch M.D. , Shaw M. , Peralta M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticide treatments were applied to broccoli grown for seed within a fabric-meshed greenhouse of Rogers-NK Seed located near Yuma, AZ. Treatments were applied with a back-pack CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 13.8 gal/acre at 30 psi with two T-Jet 23 disc cones and D2 orifice discs on 13 Mar. Plots were 25 ft long X 1 row wide (40 inch) and treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Vegetable Oil Concentrate was added to all insecticide treatments at a 1 qt/acre rate. Broccoli was in full bloom when treatments were applied and CA were present in moderate numbers. Plants were sampled in 14, 19 Mar, 2, 10 and 17 Apr with sampling being discontinued as plants were drying and being harvested. Plots were sampled by tapping six inches of flower/seed stalk from three plants over a 6.5 inch wide round plastic bowl, collecting the aphids, which were then frozen and later counted. Heavy rains on 26 Mar prevented a sample during that week. The sample in 14 Mar consisted of examining 30 flower stalks/plot for presence/absence of CA. CA were counted in all samples by GPA were present only in Apr samples.
Jeffrey Pine Needle Miner, Laboratory Spray Tests, 1976
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Shon Fay , Boelter Lucille M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laboratory spray tests of 4 insecticides (Imidan 1-E, Orthene 75S, FMC 33297, Decis) in water were conducted on cut shoots of Jeffrey pine heavily infested with penultimate and last stage Jeffrey pine needle miner. The shoots were collected in Snow Valley in the San Bernardino National Forest, California, and held in a greenhouse until used. For treatment, each shoot was placed in the bottom of a stainless steel laboratory spray chamber and sprayed until run-off. Each was held for 3 days post-treatment with the cut end in water. Needles from each shoot were then removed and individually inspected over a light table for the presence of an insect. Insects were prodded with jeweler's forceps to determine whether they were alive or dead. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance.
Arborvitae, Bagworm Control, Zanesv1Lle, Ohio, 1976
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Balderston C. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A commercial planting of 3m American arborvitae, lightly infested with 1.5 cm long bagworm larvae, was selected for insecticide evaluation. Five larvae on each of 4 replicate trees/treatment were ragged prior to application of insecticides July 19. Trees were sprayed to runoff (ca. 1 gal finished spray/tree) with a Myers Baronet wheelbarrow hydraulic sprayer under sunny skies (ca. 30°C) when larvae were actively feeding. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 1 week after application by counting the number of tagged larvae surviving on each tree. A second, preliminary test, was conducted later with newly available experimental materials. Single trees were sprayed Aug 4; efficacy was evaluated 1 week later (as above).
Space Fumigation Tests Against Selected Greenhouse Pests, 1976
Authors: Webb Ralph E. , Pilitt Dana R. , Cawley Bryant M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
C02 propelled unmicronized dusts (active ingredient plus HiSil) were tested against selected greenhouse pests on either host plants or media by fumigation of 1100 ft3 J sealed trailers. Doors were opened 10 min after pesticide release. Insects were exposed 30 min total. Two replications were used for each pesticide tested. Temperature during test period ranged from 25° to 29° C. This procedure was utilized to evaluate rapid (2 sec) system for possiblegreenhouse fumigation.
Mimosa Webworm Control on Mimosa: 1976
Authors: Karner Miles , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment consisted of spraying 20 mimosa trees distributed over the Oklahoma State University campus. The test was non replicated except for the untreated trees which were replicated three times. Spray applications were applied as needed using a John Bean Sprayer 55, series L-1565-2 and a 785 John Bean Spraymaster deluxe gun which delivered 2.5 gal of finished spray for a 2 minute period at 450 p.s.i. Trees were sprayed to runoff. Sprays were applied to all treatments on June 21. The second spray application varied according to the infestation: treatment 7, July 16; treatments 1 , 2 , 4 , July 23; treatments 3, 8, 9, 10, Aug 9 and treatments 5, 6, Aug 18. All treatments received two applications over the growing season. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by either counting the number of dead larvae found in 10 webbed bipinnately compound leaves per tree or recording the total number of webbed bipinnately compound leaves per tree. Dead larval counts were made the day following treatment. These dates were June 22, July 17, Aug 24, Aug 10 and Aug 19 depending upon treatment. Webbed bipinnately compound leave counts were made on June 2 1 , 28, July 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, Aug 5 , 1 1 , 18, and 26. After each count all webbed leaves were clipped from the tree so that they would not enter into succeeding counts.
Scotch Pine, Pales Weevil and Northern Pine Weevil Control, Carrollton, Ohio, 1976
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Balderston C. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A stand of 1.5-2m Scotch pine Christmas trees, partially harvested in Nov of 1975, was used for insecticide evaluation. Pretreatment populations were determined by hand digging stumps and inspecting for eggs and small larvae in and beneath bark during late Mar and early Apr. A row of trees containing at least 10 newly cut stumps (less than 1 year old) was treated as one replicate/treatment. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Each stump received ca 4 oz finished spray delivered by a compression sprayer Apr 13 or 14. Air temp was 20° C; soil temp 10° C. Weevils were actively mating and ovipositing at this time. Fifteen stumps (5 from each of 3 reps) were inspected during the last half of Aug for chip cocoons following removal of bark to first lateral root. No attempt was made to differentiate between cocoons of the 2 weevils.
Aerial Application of Insecticides To Control Flies At Feedlots, 1970-76
Authors: Campbell J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
ULV and LV aerial applications by fixedwing and rotary blade aircraft were evaluated for control of stable and house flies at feedlots in Nebraska. Fly counts were taken ca 24 hr pre and posttreatment. Stable fly numbers were determined by counting the flies on the inside of 1 front leg and the outside of the other on a minimum of 50 cattle per lot. The resultant number was termed "flies per leg". House flies were counted by the Scudder Grid method (average high 5 of 10 counts of flies landing on grid in 30 sec). Flights were made at temperatures above 80° F and when wind velocity was below 10 MPH. Helicopter flights were made at altitudes of 35 ft and at 45 MPH. Fixed-wing flights were made at altitudes of 25 ft and at 80 MPH.
Fly Larvicide in Horse Manure, 1976
Authors: Jones C. J. , Schmidtmann E. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven ponies of 159 to 204 kg were held in separate indoor pens and fed 4.4 g of 7.76% Rabon Horse Oral Larvicide as a top dress on moistened feed pellets daily for 14 days. Three ponies of similar size and fed an identical ration without the top dress were used as checks. On days - I , 7, and 14, all feces voided from each animal during a 24-hr period were collected and blended. Four 200-300 g portions from each sample were placed in .95 litre plastic cartons, moistened with 5-20 ml of distilled water, and each was seeded with 25 newly hatched Muscadomestica L. or Stomoxyscalcitrans (L.) 1st instar larvae. Each carton was then covered with a double layer of cheesecloth and held at room temperature for at least 21 days. All emergent flies were then tallied, and the percent emergence was determined for each container. A mean percent reduction, using the mean percent emergence for each treatment, was calculated by using Abbott's formula. The M. domestica were F5 and F0 progeny of wild flies captured from 3 farms in Tompkins County, New York; S. calcitrans were F] progeny from the same sources.
Stable Fly,

STOMOXYS

CALCITRANS

(L.), AND HOUSE FLY,

MUSCA

DOMESTICA

L.; INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS, 1976
Authors: Wright James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-five pupae each of the stable fly and house fly that were still opaque white externally were treated topically with 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, or 0.0001 µg CGA-19255 in 1µl acetone solution. They were held at 27°C and ca 98% RH for 10 days. The number of emerged adults was recorded, and pupae from which no adults emerged were dissected for determination of incomplete adult development, i.e., pupaladult intermediates. In other tests, the chemical was incorporated into larval diet (bagasse, whole wheat flour, and fish meal) at levels of 100, 10, and 1 ppm dry weight as follows: The chemical was dissolved in 1 ml acetone and added to 200 ml of water. The solution was mixed with 50 g of dry matter and placed in a 250-ml glass beaker. Eggs (100) less than 2 hr old were placed on the top of the medium, and the beaker was covered with tissue paper and held at 27°C. After 22 days the number of adults that emeroed was determined.
Apple, Early Mite Control, 1976
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 11-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at a rate of ca 500 gal per acre. Spray dates were April 23 (half-inch green). May 10 (pink), June 2-3 (petal fall), June 10 (first cover), and June 24 (second cover). The standard pesticide program consisted of captan 80W.(1.25 lb/100 gal) on 14 dates, Epsom salts (15 lb) and Marlate 50W (3 lb) on June 3, 11, and 24, and Sevin 80W (1.25 lb) on July 8 and 22. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 2 Cortland and 2 Early Mcintosh cultivars per treatment in Test 1, 4 Red Delicious per treatment in Test 2, and 2 Mcintosh and 2 Golden Delicious per treatment in Test 3. From each tree, 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was not very severe. Following hot and dry weather the first half of June, there was abundant rainfall through July.
Apple, Preliminary Insecticides Test, 1976
Authors: Reissig Harvey , Dunham D. H. , Hebding Harold E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied dilute to run off with a hand sprayer (450 psi) 2nd through 6th cover sprays on June 18, June 28, July 14, August 2, and August 18. Each treatment was replicated 3 times on single tree plots (2 Mcintosh and 1 Cortland cultivars) arranged in a randomized block design. At harvest 150 and 100 fruit were scored, respectively, from each Mcintosh and Cortland tree. Ten actively growing terminals/tree collected on June 30 were placed in a Berlese funnel to sample apple aphids. White apple leafhoppers were counted on 10 distal leaves of 10 terminals on each tree on August 30. The number of leaves infested with spotted tentiform leafminers was recorded during a 10 minute search around the canopy of each tree from the ground to eye level on August 30.
Pear, Cutworm Control, 1976
Authors: Howell J. Franklin , Anthon Edward W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were evaluated for control of 2 species of cutworms in a block of mature Bartlett pear trees. Plots (a 600-sq ft area with a tree at each corner of the plot) were replicated twice in a randomized block design. A handgun operated at a pump pressure of 500 psi was used to apply the sprays (volume of 500 gal/acre) in an effort to penetrate the cover crop of mixed broadleaf weeds and grasses. Effectiveness was determined by counting live larvae and cadavers in four 1/4 m2 quadrats chosen at random. Pretreatment counts were made July 28 and Aug 2, 1976; posttreatment counts were made Aug 5 and 6. The spray was applied Aug 2. Control was based on the number of cadavers vs. the number of live larvae recovered.
Control of Grapevine Aphid, 1976
Authors: Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides were evaluated for control of the grapevine aphid on 2-year-old potted grape vines reared in a greenhouse. Cultivars used in tests were Chancellor, Aurore, Cayuga White, Seyval, Clinton, Vidal 256, Ellen Scott, Vignoles, Villard Noir, Gewurztraminer and Chardonnay. All cultivars were naturally infested by the aphids. In Test I , plants were carried outside the greenhouse, sprayed and left outdoors until counts were made. In Test I I , plants were sprayed in hooded area of greenhouse and held inside until mortality was recorded. Treatments were composed of single vines replicated 4 times in randomized blocks. Only the aphids on the apical 1 1/2 inches of one shoot per vine were considered. Counts were made prior to and 24 hr after application. Sprays were applied to run-off, at the rate of 100 gal per acre using a Hudson 6209 Favorite sprayer at 40 psi. Nu-Film-17 extender was added to all treatments at the rate of 1 pt/100 gal.
Control of Citrus Red Mite with Pp 199 (Ici), 1976
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four rates of PP 199 and two standards (Omite 30WP and Kelthane 4MF) were applied to mature lemon trees in this test on the Yuma mesa on April 27, 1976. Three trees were sprayed with each rate of PP 199 and the standards. The applications were made with a ground sprayer equipped with a pistol-type handgun at a rate of approximately 4 gallons of spray per tree simulating thorough coverage (TC) or to the point of runoff.
The Use of Transformations in the Analysis of Field Data
Authors: Frazee James R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Statistics is used in biological experiments to summarize and evaluate observations in order to test a principle or hypothesis. However, if misused these statistical procedures can be misleading and cause researchers to reach conclusions that are not justified. Statistics have been widely used in agricultural research to identify and understand the distribution of organisms in space and to determine the effects of treatments on yield, quality and pest control. Confidence limits of statistical tests are based on populations that have a normal distribution. However, not all biological data follow this distribution. Once the population distribution has been identified, specific transformations of the data are essential in order to accurately interpret field results. The purpose of this report is to describe a statistical technique to identify population distributions most commonly associated with biological data and to suggest the appropriate transformation to use on the data prior to running the analysis of variance and establishing confidence limits.
Foliar Sprays To Control The Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'N&K 199' sweet corn was planted, 10 inch spacing in 3 ft rows, on June 4 , 1976. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of three 25 ft long rows with a single untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied to the ear area with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack, hand-operated compressed air sprayer at the rate of 25 gal/acre at cq/40 psi, using a Spraying Systems Cone Jet Y 8 nozzle. Treatments were initiated at first silk on July 26 and continued through August 6, a total of 6 treatments in a l l . It had been intended to make another foliage application but the sweet corn was leveled by hurricane Belle on August 8 and further treatment was impossible. Twenty-five ears were harvested from each replicate and checked for earworms on August 11 . The following categories were selected for evaluation: 1) Clean - no evidence of earworm; 2) Slight - damage confined to silks or extreme ear tip; 3) Medium - injury less than 1 .5 inches below tip, ear could be clipped; and 4) Severe - damage well beyond ear tip and of such nature that ear could not be clipped or salvaged for use.
Control of Alfalfa Looper on Pea, 1976
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Treat T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The peas, 'Perfected Freezer', were planted in 1.5 x 6 m, 8-row beds (18 cm interrow spacing) on March 26. They were sprinkle irrigated until 20 days before the harvest on June 30. The afternoons prior to the treatments on June 15 and 22, 1.2 x 1.5 m sites at the ends of each bed were infested with 2nd to 5th stage larvae from the laboratory culture to ensure populations of uniform size and stage. The 4 replications of each treatment were applied the next morning between 0600 and 0900 h. The percentage control was determined 2-3 days after the final treatment by cutting the foliage in each site and examining i t and the ground surface for live and dead larvae. All treatments were applied at 4.2 kg/cm' (air pressure) and 380 L/ha through D2-13 "TEEJET" hollowcone nozzles mounted 28 cm apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-1520 tractor travelling at 4.4 km/h. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew.
Potato Pest Control, Rosemount, Minnesota, 1976
Authors: Cancelado Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted May 18 at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Plots were 6 rows, by 60 feet long, and randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. The soil was a Waukegan silt loam with medium organic matter. Bravo fungicidal sprays were applied weekly from June 17. Systemic insecticides were applied as in-furrow, split-band treatments at planting. Foliar insecticidal sprays were made on July 13, July 27, August 10, August 24, and September 7, in 100 gallon water/acre at 320 psi. Using a tractor drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles per row; only the 4 center rows of each plot were sprayed. Potato leafhopper nymphs and green peach aphid and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 randomly selected, mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Counts were made 1 day before spraying and 1 day after spraying except for the 1st spray when only post-spray counts were made.
Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides For Potato Leafhopper, Flea Beetle Control and Yield of Potatoes, 1976
Authors: Libby J. L. , Longridge J . L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two-row 54 ft plots with rows 36 inches apart were planted with ‘B-size’ certified seed of the 'Superior' cultivar at the U. W. Research Farm, Arlington, Wisconsin on May 11. Treatments consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied as granules mixed with the fertilizer and banded in-furrow through a Lockwood 2-row potato planter or were sprayed in the open furrow with a Solo back pack sprayer delivering 72 gallons of spray per acre. The soil type was Piano silt loam (sand 12%, silt 70%, clay 18%) with a pH 6.0. Yields were taken September 12. The total rainfall on this non-irrigated crop was only 9.22 inches from planting to vine killing on August 27. Insect counts were taken with a 15 inch diameter sweep net.
Irish Potato: Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1976
Authors: Storch R. H. , Sewell Gary H. , Simpson Geddes W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was a 13 × 6 randomized complete block design planted May 18, 1976 at Presque Isle, Maine on land which was fallow in 1975. The 7.62 m space between blocks was bare soil. The space between columns was machine planted with 2 rows of untreated seed (57 g average), 30.5 cm apart. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes, 0.86 m apart and 12.19 m long. The 57 g average seed pieces were hand planted 30.5 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applications of Rohm & Haas M 45 (2242 g ai/ha July 10 through August 3 1 , 1976). Soil treatments in the experiment were made in the furrow just prior to planting with a plastic tube containing previously weighed amount of insecticide. Foliar applications were made with a Slosser sprayer (14.1 kg/cm2 and 1.2 kl/ha). Numbers of egg masses, larvae, and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the 2 middle rows of each plot. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using logjQ (x + 1). Means of sum of all stages of the beetle were compared using Duncan's new multiple range test and then reconverted as given in the Table. The soil was classified as Caribou loam, pH 5.2. For the growing season, rainfall for June, July, and August was 112, 140, and 174 percent of normal. Temperatures for the same 3 months departed + 3.5°C, + 1.0°C, and 0.0°C from normal.
Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, St. Thomas, North Dakota, 1973
Authors: Frye R. D. , Dregseth R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were screened in randomized-complete block tests at 2 locations. The soil was mostly silty clay loam with a pH of approximately 7 and 5-8% organic matter. Plots consisted of six 100 ft rows, and were planted on May 4 and 11. Insecticides were applied to the 4 center rows at 3 mph. Treatments were made in the furrow, in 7 in . bands over the rows at planting, and in 7 in . bands over the rows at post (June 2 and 12) and late post (June 17 and 26) - fly emergence. Peak fly emergence occurred on June 13. All but the in furrow treatments were lightly incorporated into the soil with drag chains ( 1 3/4 in. links). Liquid materials were applied in 18 gals water/acre with 8002E nozzles at 40 psi. Weather conditions were generally favorable for good beet growth and insecticide application. Significant rain fell after the insecticides were applied. Data consisted of yields from 30 f t. from row 3 (from the left) in each plot at harvest. The data was transformed byX, and analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple range test. The functional maggot infestation (based on the amount damage to beets) in the plots indicates that there were sufficient maggots to provide satisfactory data. Damage in untreated beets was light to moderate. The ave damage rating was 2.45 on a scale of 1 (no damage) to 5 (severe damage).
Tomato Pinworm and Leafminer Control on Tomato Seedlings, 1976
Authors: Schuster David J . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five-day old seedlings were set January 3, 1976 into Speedling styrofoam trays (128 3.8 cm square inverted pyramid holes/tray), filled with a 1:1 peat moss and vermiculite (50% coarse and 50% fine) media mix. Individual trays were considered plots and arranged in four replications in a randomized complete block design in a greenhouse with open ends. Insecticides were applied January 27, February 2, 11, 18, 15, March 3 and 10. On March 12 the number of plants damaged by the tomato pinworm, the number of tomato pinworm larvae, the number of total and active (those with a living larva present) leafmines and the number of plants damaged by the insecticide sprays were counted on 50 plants/tray.