bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Geography, Politics, and the World Trade Regime
Authors: Rickard Stephanie J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough globalization and the world trade regime have reduced the significance of distance between countries, within countries geography matters now more than ever. Inside countries’ borders, economic activities, such as production and employment, occur unevenly across space. As a result, international trade impacts parts of a country differently. Some areas benefit from rising trade, while others experience reductions in local wages and employment as a result of increased import competition. Because regions’ experience of globalization varies, public opinion about trade differs across geographic areas within countries. Voters living in regions advantaged by trade are more likely to support economic openness, while voters living in regions negatively impacted by trade are more skeptical of the benefits of globalization. The geographic disparities in public attitudes towards trade often align with salient political cleavages. As a result, debates over trade have become increasingly polarized in many countries, which may threaten states’ continued economic openness as well as their engagement with, and even support for, the world trade regime.
Circular polarized two-element textile antenna with high isolation and polarization diversity for wearable applications
Authors: Kumar Anubhav , De Asok , Jain R. K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA two-element textile antenna with high isolation and polarization diversity is presented for 5 G communications, wearable technology and biomedical cancer detection applications. The flexible material is used with an orthogonally placed microstrip-feed radiator antenna responsible for polarization diversity. High isolation and low correlation are achieved between antenna elements with defected ground-based on diagonal and open-stubs, which perturbs the surface current and facilitates the achievement of circular polarization. The 10 dB impedance bandwidth (|S11|) of a two-element antenna varies from 3.3 to 4.3 GHz with more than 24 dB isolation (|S21|). The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity loss (CCL) of multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antenna parameters are less than 0.2 and 0.35 bits/s/Hz respectively, which validates the diversity performance of the antenna.
A TWAIL Perspective on Loss and Damage from Climate Change: Reflections from Indira Gandhi's Speech at Stockholm
Authors: RAO Malavika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere seem to be no answers to resolve the deadlock between the Global North and the Global South on liability and compensation for loss and damage from climate change. Revisiting the original story of international environmental law from the Stockholm Conference of 1972 may help us address these historical tensions. In doing so, this article unveils the genesis of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) from the Stockholm Conference as an alternative consciousness centred around the aspirations of the Global South. Indira Gandhi's plenary address at Stockholm outlined the Global South's position on environmental issues, which greatly influenced early TWAIL scholarship in the 1980s. Locating TWAIL's origins at Stockholm allows us to: (1) chart the environmental concerns of the Global South till date; (2) infer its evolved view on the “development versus environment” debate; and (3) understand the role of future TWAIL scholarship in challenging the enduring and structural limitations of international environmental law, especially in future deliberations on loss and damage.
Multinaturalism in International Environmental Law: Redefining the Legal Context for Human and Non-Human Relations
Authors: NUNES CHAIB André 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInternational environmental law has come a long way in addressing humans’ extractive and negative relationship with nature, although despite its profound anthropocentrism and economic focus. This paper analyzes how and whether international environmental law can be conceived differently by incorporating different perspectives about the human/nature relationship. More specifically, the article engages with the concept of multinaturalism, as developed by anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, to address the advantages and significance of admitting indigenous forms of life in international environmental law. Forms of life which not only relate to nature differently but can conceive of nature differently. Taking such an approach requires a methodological shift to examine the existence of forms of life that invert the traditional Western conception of nature and culture, thus allowing for the potential to move international environmental law beyond anthropocentrism, while providing elements to resolve the tension between development/economic concerns in ecological conservation and long-term species survival.
Civic Identity in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Lep Žan , Zupančič Maja 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Civic identity refers to beliefs, emotions, and experiences of individuals regarding their membership in a particular community and the perceived opportunities for their civic participation. It represents one of the most important predictors of civic engagement, yet there is little empirical evidence on its development in diverse samples. To address this gap in the literature, we constructed the Civic Identity Status Scale (CISS) to measure four identity statuses proposed by Marcia. In this study, we tested psychometric properties of the newly developed scale and provided evidence for its score, structure, and criterion validity in Slovenia through the lens of contemporary views on validity by testing a series of structural equation models. A sample of 493 emerging adults (aged 18–29 years) participated in an online survey. We determined criterion validity evidence by correlations of the CISS scores with measures of civic behavior, perceived political interest, trust, and self-efficacy and established generalizability evidence by testing the measurement invariance of the CISS across different subsamples. The results suggest that the CISS is a valid and reliable measure. Therefore, we suggest and discuss possible future research directions.
On Differentiating Multiple Types of ULF Magnetospheric Waves in Response to Solar Wind Periodic Density Structures
Authors: Di Matteo S. , Villante U. , Viall N. , Kepko L. , Wallace S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIdentifying the nature and source of ultra‐low frequencies (ULF) waves (f ⪅ 4 mHz) at discrete frequencies in the Earth's magnetosphere is a complex task. The challenge comes from the simultaneous occurrence of externally and internally generated waves, and the ability to robustly identify such perturbations. Using a recently developed robust spectral analysis procedure, we study an interval that exhibited in magnetic field measurements at geosynchronous orbit and in‐ground magnetic observatories both internally supported and externally generated ULF waves. The event occurred on 9 November 2002 during the interaction of the magnetosphere with two interplanetary shocks that were followed by a train of 90 min solar wind periodic density structures. Using the Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge model, we mapped the source of this solar wind stream to an active region and a mid‐latitude coronal hole just prior to crossing the Heliospheric current sheet. In both the solar wind density and magnetospheric field fluctuations, we separated broad power increases from enhancements at specific frequencies. For the waves at discrete frequencies, we used the combination of satellite and ground magnetometer observations to identify differences in frequency, polarization, and observed magnetospheric locations. The magnetospheric response was characterized by: (a) forced breathing by periodic solar wind dynamic pressure variations below ≈1 mHz, (b) a combination of directly driven oscillations and wave modes triggered by additional mechanisms (e.g., shock and interplanetary magnetic field discontinuity impact, and substorm activity) between ≈1 and 4 mHz, and (c) largely triggered modes above ≈4 mHz.
Evolution of Physical and Biological Patterns Along the Tropical and South Atlantic Western Boundary: A Satellite Perspective
Authors: Pacheco Mariana M. , Polito Paulo S. , Sato Olga T. , Rocha Maurício R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of satellite‐derived sea surface temperature, salinity and chlorophyll‐a concentration along the eastern South American coast. Two decade‐long time series (2002–2019; except for the salinity) allowed us to investigate changes from seasonal to interannual time scales on an array that stretches from the south (42°S) to the north (10°N) of the continent and from isobaths ranging from −50 to −1000 m away from the coast. The novelty of our approach is to assess comparatively the magnitude, variability, and spectrum of these variables following the same isobaths and using the same methodology. This allowed us to examine the influence of large scale ocean circulation patterns entangled with the local forcing systems such as river discharge and coastal currents, and to quantify to what extent these patterns are spatially and temporally consistent. The seasonal cycle of the temperature explains more variance than that of salinity and chlorophyll on average. Comparatively, salinity has a weak seasonal signal, except near major rivers. Significant long‐term trends were observed in specific regions in the salinity time series. Our study revealed distinct interannual changes at 2‐ and 4‐year period in the whole array with the largest spectral peaks near the La Plata and the Amazon Rivers. Within this period band, thermal signals propagate northward along the whole array. Statistical correlations between satellite‐derived variables and several climate indices suggest remote forcing.
The Effect of Land Use Classification on the Gas‐Phase and Particle Composition of the Troposphere: Tree Species Versus Forest Type Information
Authors: Luttkus M. L. , Hoffmann E. H. , Poulain L. , Tilgner A. , Wolke R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRelationships between vegetation and air quality are intricate and still not fully understood. For regional air quality assessments, a better understanding of the diverse feedback mechanisms is crucial. The present article investigates the impact of land use data set detailedness on air quality predictions. Therefore, two different land use data sets were applied for simulations with COSMO‐MUSCAT for Germany in May 2014. One data set includes detailed information about tree species while the second one obtains generalized widely applied land use classes including mixed and coniferous forests. Moreover, we examined the role of agricultural NO soil emissions, agricultural biomass density enhancements, and model resolution. For a more comprehensive implementation of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, the SOA module was extended considering additional biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) precursor groups from isoprene, α‐pinene, limonene, and sesquiterpene oxidations. The model studies showed substantial differences in BVOC emission patterns between the two land use data sets. The application of detailed tree species information leads to complex BVOC emission patterns with high emission spots. In contrast, coarser forest information lead to standardized comprehensive emissions which result in 50% higher BVOC emissions. These differences affect both the atmospheric oxidizing potential and the production rates of SOA precursors. Land use induced regional differences (tree species minus forest information) in NOx (±2.5%), ozone (−2.5%), OH (±50%), NO3 radical (+70%) concentrations, and SOA (−60%) mass are modeled. Overall, the simulations demonstrate that detailed land use information, extended organic chemistry treatment, and high spatial resolution are mandatory for air quality assessments.
Assimilation of NASA's Airborne Snow Observatory Snow Measurements for Improved Hydrological Modeling: A Case Study Enabled by the Coupled LIS/WRF‐Hydro System
Authors: Lahmers Timothy M. , Kumar Sujay V. , Rosen Daniel , Dugger Aubrey , Gochis David J. , Santanello Joseph A. , Gangodagamage Chandana , Dunlap Rocky 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe NASA LIS/WRF‐Hydro system is a coupled modeling framework that combines the modeling and data assimilation (DA) capabilities of the NASA Land Information System (LIS) with the multi‐scale surface hydrological modeling capabilities of the WRF‐Hydro model, both of which are widely used in both operations and research. This coupled modeling framework builds on the linkage between land surface models (LSMs), which simulate surface boundary conditions in atmospheric models, and distributed hydrologic models, which simulate horizontal surface and sub‐surface flow, adding new land DA capabilities. In the present study, we employ this modeling framework in the Tuolumne River basin in central California. We demonstrate the added value of the assimilation of NASA Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) snow water equivalent (SWE) estimates in the Tuolumne basin. This analysis is performed in both LIS as an LSM column model and LIS/WRF‐Hydro, with hydrologic routing. Results demonstrate that ASO DA in the basin reduced snow bias by as much as 30% from an open‐loop (OL) simulation compared to three independent datasets. It also reduces downstream streamflow runoff biases by as much as 40%, and improves streamflow skill scores in both wet and dry years. Analysis of soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET) also reveals the impacts of hydrologic routing from WRF‐Hydro in the simulations, which would otherwise not be resolved in an LSM column model. By demonstrating the beneficial impact of SWE DA on the improving streamflow forecasts, the article outlines the importance of such observational inputs for reservoir operations and related water management applications.
Long‐Term Water Imbalances of Watersheds Resulting From Biases in Hydroclimatic Data Sets for Water Budget Analyses
Authors: Tan Xuejin , Liu Bingjun , Tan Xuezhi , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAssessing the water budget closures and source of water budget imbalances is fundamental to improving the understanding of changes in the hydrological system and their associated impacts. We analyzed the long‐term (1982–2016) water budget for 1,561 watersheds by using various observed data sets for precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), observed streamflow (Q), and total water storage change (∆TWS). The results show that 93%, 79%, 44%, and 20% of watersheds show water imbalances ratio less than 30%, 20%, 10%, and 5% of their corresponding precipitation. The average absolute water imbalance ratio for all watersheds is 14.2% of P. Watersheds showing large water imbalance ratio values are mostly located in biomes of Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests, Boreal Forests/Taiga, and Tundra. Different P, ET, and Q data set combinations result in different degrees of water imbalance. The water budget imbalance ratio shows a significant negative relationship with humidity index and vegetation coverage, while a positive relationship with the proportions of irrigation area and watershed area. Showing small water imbalances for most watersheds, reanalysis precipitation data set (ERA5 and MSWEP), MTE evapotranspiration data set performed better than other data sets in water budget analyses in most biomes. The uncertainties of P, ET, Q, and ∆TWSGRACE contribute to 40.1%, 14.3%, 26.6%, and 19% of the water budget imbalance on average, respectively. Improving the accuracy of P and ET estimates, and streamflow measurements are critical to better understanding the water budget and improves modeling of hydrological processes.
Inhibition of proinflammatory signaling impairs fibrosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Vukotić Milica , Kapor Sunčica , Dragojević Teodora , Đikić Dragoslava , Mitrović Ajtić Olivera , Diklić Miloš , Subotički Tijana , Živković Emilija , Beleslin Čokić Bojana , Vojvodić Aleksandar , Santibáñez Juan F. , Gotić Mirjana , Čokić Vladan P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been identified as a major cellular source of fibrosis, the exact molecular mechanism and signaling pathways involved have not been identified thus far. Here, we show that BM-MSCs contribute to fibrosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) by differentiating into αSMA-positive myofibroblasts. These cells display a dysregulated extracellular matrix with increased FN1 production and secretion of profibrotic MMP9 compared to healthy donor cells. Fibrogenic TGFβ and inflammatory JAK2/STAT3 and NFκB signaling pathway activity is increased in BM-MSCs of MPN patients. Moreover, coculture with mononuclear cells from MPN patients was sufficient to induce fibrosis in healthy BM-MSCs. Inhibition of JAK1/2, SMAD3 or NFκB significantly reduced the fibrotic phenotype of MPN BM-MSCs and was able to prevent the development of fibrosis induced by coculture of healthy BM-MSCs and MPN mononuclear cells with overly active JAK/STAT signaling, underlining their involvement in fibrosis. Combined treatment with JAK1/2 and SMAD3 inhibitors showed synergistic and the most favorable effects on αSMA and FN1 expression in BM-MSCs. These results support the combined inhibition of TGFβ and inflammatory signaling to extenuate fibrosis in MPN.
Inhibition of STAT3Y705 phosphorylation by Stattic suppresses proliferation and induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Guo Hangcheng , Xiao Yanyi , Yuan Ziwei , Yang Xuejia , Chen Jiawei , Chen Chaoyue , Wang Mengsi , Xie Lili , Chen Qinbo , Tong Yu , Zhang Qiyu , Bai Yongheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPatients with pancreatic cancer (PC) show dismal prognosis and high mortality. The development of PC is associated with the overactivation of STAT3. Here, we have determined that the non-peptide small molecule Stattic inhibits PC development by targeting STAT3. In vitro, Stattic treatment time- and dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) by reducing c-Myc expression and enhancing p53 activity. Consequently, p-Rb, cyclin D1, Chk1, and p21 (cell cycle proteins) were downregulated, and PCCs were arrested at the G1 phase, which was also confirmed by decreased Ki67 expression and unaltered PCNA expression. In addition, Stattic-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by elevating cleaved caspase-3, and Bax, cytochrome C levels, while reducing expression of Bcl-2, which may be regulated by reduced survivin expression. Further studies showed that Stattic exerts its anti-tumor effect via inhibition of STAT3Y705 phosphorylation and nuclear localization in PCCs. In a nude mouse tumorigenesis model, Stattic inhibited PC growth by antagonizing STAT3Y705 phosphorylation. Interleukin-6 used as a molecule agonist to activate STAT3, as well as overexpression of STAT3, could partially reverse Stattic-mediated anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects of PCCs. Thus, these findings indicate that inhibition of STAT3Y705 phosphorylation by Stattic suppresses PCC proliferation and promotes mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
Data-driven Bayesian model-based prediction of fatigue crack nucleation in Ni-based superalloys
Authors: Pinz Maxwell , Weber George , Stinville Jean Charles , Pollock Tresa , Ghosh Somnath 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a Bayesian inference-based probabilistic crack nucleation model for the Ni-based superalloy René 88DT under fatigue loading. A data-driven, machine learning approach is developed, identifying underlying mechanisms driving crack nucleation. An experimental set of fatigue-loaded microstructures is characterized near crack nucleation sites using scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction images for correlating the grain morphology and crystallography to the location of crack nucleation sites. A concurrent multiscale model, embedding experimental polycrystalline microstructural representative volume elements (RVEs) in a homogenized material, is developed for fatigue simulations. The RVE domain is modeled by a crystal plasticity finite element model. An anisotropic continuum plasticity model, obtained by homogenization of the crystal plasticity model, is used for the exterior domain. A Bayesian classification method is introduced to optimally select informative state variable predictors of crack nucleation. From this principal set of state variables, a simple scalar crack nucleation indicator is formulated.
Two-dimensional ferromagnetism detected by proximity-coupled quantum Hall effect of graphene
Authors: Chau Tuan Khanh , Hong Sung Ju , Kang Haeyong , Suh Dongseok 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recent discovery of a two-dimensional van der Waals magnet has paved the way for an enhanced understanding of two-dimensional magnetic systems. The development of appropriate heterostructures in this emerging class of materials is required as the next step towards applications. Here, we report on the electrical transport in monolayer graphene coupled with the two-dimensional ferromagnet Cr2Ge2Te6 (CGT). Graphene that forms an interface with CGT is electron-doped owing to charge transfer. The temperature-dependent resistance of graphene/CGT undergoes a nontrivial sudden change near the Curie temperature (Tc) of CGT. Apart from this, the behavior of various transport parameters also differs before and after Tc. Moreover, the contribution of the magnetization of CGT to the enhanced magnetic flux density leads to the critical evolution of the quantum Hall state. These results imply that graphene in the graphene/CGT hybrid structure can be utilized to electrically monitor the magnetic phase transition of the adjacent CGT layer.
Precipitation trends determine future occurrences of compound hot–dry events
Authors: Bevacqua Emanuele , Zappa Giuseppe , Lehner Flavio , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCompound hot–dry events—co-occurring hot and dry extremes—frequently cause damages to human and natural systems, often exceeding separate impacts from heatwaves and droughts. Strong increases in the occurrence of these events are projected with warming, but associated uncertainties remain large and poorly understood. Here, using climate model large ensembles, we show that mean precipitation trends exclusively modulate the future occurrence of compound hot–dry events over land. This occurs because local warming will be large enough that future droughts will always coincide with at least moderately hot extremes, even in a 2 °C warmer world. By contrast, precipitation trends are often weak and equivocal in sign, depending on the model, region and internal climate variability. Therefore, constraining regional precipitation trends will also constrain future compound hot–dry events. These results help to assess future frequencies of other compound extremes characterized by strongly different trends in the drivers.