bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised cross-over trial of QT response to hyperventilation-induced anxiety and diaphragmatic breathing in patients with stress cardiomyopathy and in control patients
Authors: Watson George M. , Sutherland Jacalin , Lacey Cameron , Bridgman Paul G. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
The most perfect example of the mind-body interaction in all of medicine is provided by stress cardiomyopathy. In stress cardiomyopathy, what is initially a purely emotional event may become rapidly fatal. Prolongation of the QT interval is a cardinal feature of the condition, but the mechanism of the prolongation is unknown. We undertook a randomised controlled trial of stress with a cross-over design, comparing the cardiac response of women with a history of stress cardiomyopathy to age-matched controls to explore the mind-body interaction. Our hypothesis is that the hearts of women with a history of stress cardiomyopathy will respond differently to emotional stress than those of the controls.

Method
This is a randomised cross-over study. Each patient underwent two separate 24-hour Holter monitors performed at least 5 days apart. Baseline recording was followed by either the stress intervention (hyperventilation) or control (diaphragmatic breathing). Our primary endpoint is change in QTc interval over the first hour. Secondary endpoints were change in QTc over 24 hours, and change in SDNN, a measure of heart rate variability. As a secondary stressor, each participant was telephoned four times during their stressed recording and asked to complete a questionnaire.

Results
Twelve stress cardiomyopathy patients and twelve control patients were recruited. Baseline characteristics did not differ between cases and controls. With hyperventilation, there was a significant initial difference in anxiety (p<0.001), heart rate response (p<0.0001), and QTc (p<0.0002) compared to diaphragmatic breathing, but no differences between the cases and controls. Only first phone call caused an increase in QTc in cases and controls (p = 0.0098). SDNN increased with hyperventilation (p<0.0001) but did not differ between cases and controls.

Conclusions
QTc response in women with a history of stress cardiomyopathy does not differ from controls. The relevance of QT prolongation and sensitivity in the autonomic response to the pathogenesis of stress cardiomyopathy remains uncertain.
Association between hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and hypogonadism in Taiwanese adult men
Authors: Wang Sheng-Kuang , Lee Meng-Chih , Hung Chia-Lien , Chen Hsin-Hung , Liao Chun-Cheng , Chiu Yu-Lung 
Published: March 2022

Background
Aging-related hypogonadism in men is related to the deterioration of overall health. Those with this disease rarely receive treatment. The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is a tool for predicting abnormalities of cardiovascular metabolism. However, the relationship between the HTGW phenotype and hypogonadism remains undetermined. This study aimed to determine the association between HTGW phenotype and hypogonadism in different age groups.

Methods
Data of this cross-sectional study were obtained from MJ Health Screening Center in Taiwan from 2007 to 2016. The HTGW phenotype was divided into four categories based on whether the waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride levels were normal. WC of <90 cm and triglyceride level of <150 mg/dL were defined as normal. Hypogonadism was defined as a testosterone level of <300 ng/dL.

Results
Overall, 6442 male participants were divided into three age groups: <50, 50–64, and ≥65 years (n = 4135, 1958, and 349; age groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). The overall prevalence of hypogonadism was 10.6%. In group 1, participants with HTGW (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.354–2.896) had a higher risk of hypogonadism than those with normal WC and normal triglyceride levels after adjustment for body mass index and fasting blood glucose level. In group 2, participants with HTGW (odds ratio, 1.873; 95% CI, 1.099–3.193) had an increased risk of hypogonadism after adjustment for body mass index, fasting blood glucose level, Cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, low-density lipoprptein (LDL) levels and smoking status. However, no relationship was observed between HTGW phenotype and hypogonadism in group 3.

Conclusion
HTGW phenotype was highly associated with hypogonadism in Taiwanese adult men. More attention should be paid to men aged <50 years with HTGW.
Alternate fluency in Parkinson’s disease: A machine learning analysis
Authors: Ferrucci Roberta , Mameli Francesca , Ruggiero Fabiana , Reitano Mariella , Miccoli Mario , Gemignani Angelo , Conversano Ciro , Dini Michelangelo , Zago Stefano , Piacentini Silvie , Poletti Barbara , Priori Alberto , Orrù Graziella 
Published: March 2022

Objective
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) had changes in their level of performance in extra-dimensional shifting by implementing a novel analysis method, utilizing the new alternate phonemic/semantic fluency test.

Method
We used machine learning (ML) in order to develop high accuracy classification between PD patients with high and low scores in the alternate fluency test.

Results
The models developed resulted to be accurate in such classification in a range between 80% and 90%. The predictor which demonstrated maximum efficiency in classifying the participants as low or high performers was the semantic fluency test. The optimal cut-off of a decision rule based on this test yielded an accuracy of 86.96%. Following the removal of the semantic fluency test from the system, the parameter which best contributed to the classification was the phonemic fluency test. The best cut-offs were identified and the decision rule yielded an overall accuracy of 80.43%. Lastly, in order to evaluate the classification accuracy based on the shifting index, the best cut-offs based on an optimal single rule yielded an overall accuracy of 83.69%.

Conclusion
We found that ML analysis of semantic and phonemic verbal fluency may be used to identify simple rules with high accuracy and good out of sample generalization, allowing the detection of executive deficits in patients with PD.
Glycemia control and choice of antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: a consensus decision of the board of experts of the Russian association of endocrinologists
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Mokrysheva N. G. , Shestakova M. V. , Nikonova T. V. , Mayorov A. Yu. , Galstyan G. R. , Shamhalova M. Sh. , Barysheva V. O. , Ametov A. S. , Antsiferov M. B. , Babenko A. Yu. , Bardymova T. P. , Valeeva F. V. , Vachugova A. A. , Grineva E. N. , Demidova T. Yu. , Kiseleva T. P. , Kunicyna M. A. , Markova T. N. , Mkrtumyan A. M. , Petunina N. A. , Ruyatkina L. A. , Saluhov V. V. , Suplotova L. A. , Hadarceva E. L. , Halimov Yu. Sh. 
Published: March 2022

A dangerous viral disease COVID-19, caused by a new RNA coronavirus SARS-COV-2, has been actively spreading in the world since December 2019. The main manifestations of this disease are bilateral pneumonia, often accompanied by the development of acute respiratory syndrome and respiratory failure. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk of infection with the SARS-COV-2 virus, severe illness and death.Maintaining of target glycemic levels is the most important factor in a favorable outcome of COVID-19 in both type 1 and type 2 DM. The choice of antihyperglycemic therapy in a patient with DM in the acute period of COVID-19 depends on the initial therapy, the severity of hyperglycemia, the severity of the viral infection and the patient’s clinical condition.The article presents the recommendations of the board of experts of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists on glycemic control and the choice of antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 DM and COVID-19, and also on the use of glucocorticosteroids used in the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with type 2 DM.
Homeschooling in Russia: Barriers and Mechanisms to Overcome Them
Authors: Lyubitskaya Kristina A. , Jankiewicz Szymon V. , Knyaginina Nadezhda V. , Petyakina Elizaveta V. 
Published: March 2022

Secondary education through homeschooling is becoming more common among parents. It is becoming trendy in the context of distance learning when families act as active participants in the educational process at home. One of the most popular reasons for choosing to homeschool is to overcome regional educational inequality — to compensate for it and provide quality education to continue studying at a good university. However, parents of homeschooled children face different barriers. The authors conducted 25 semi-structured interviews with parents of children in grades 1—8 and highlighted the barriers to implementing homeschooling. The article analyzes the identified barriers to the presence or absence of a legal component and gives recommendations on changing the legislation and the organizational model of homeschooling.

Acknowledgments. The article was prepared based on the results of an expert-analytical study “Improving the legislative regulation of the family form of general education. Possibilities of combining various forms of education in the development of educational programs of general education” commissioned by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in 2019.
Reappraising Plato’s Cratylus
Authors: Meißner David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
While the argument of Plato’s Cratylus supports both the claim that there is a natural correctness of names and the claim that correct names need not be descriptions or imitations of their referents, the protagonists of the Cratylus find it infeasible to reconcile these two claims. In my paper, I account for this puzzling observation by elaborating a novel interpretation of the Cratylus. I show that the protagonists of the Cratylus are unable to make sense of the results of their joined investigation because they rely on a mistaken preconception of what a correct name is. Based on this diagnosis, I contend that Plato wants his readers to comprehend and overcome the dialectical predicament of his protagonists. I thus illuminate both the internal logic of the Cratylus and the philosophical agenda Plato pursues in staging a dialogue with this particular internal logic.
Pitting initiation on 304 stainless steel in a chloride-contaminated pore solution under alternating temperature conditions
Authors: Feng Xingguo , Zhang Tianyi , Zhu Ruihu , Chen Zheng , Lu Xiangyu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pitting initiation on 304 stainless steel grades was investigated in alternating temperature pore solutions to simulate pitting on stainless steel rebar in a tropical marine environment. The results suggested that a larger amplitude of alternating temperature heavily doped the passive film, reduced the film’s thickness and increased the (Fe3+ox + Fe3+hy)/Fe2+ox and Cr3+hy/Cr3+ox ratios in the film. Alternating temperatures more significantly degraded the passive film and intensified the pitting sensitivity on the stainless steel when compared with the average temperatures of the alternating temperature cycles. More pitting initiation sites were observed on the samples that experienced the 22–60 °C and 22–70 °C alternating temperature cycles than their counterparts in 50 °C and 60 °C solutions, respectively.
Incorporating research literature and chemistry textbooks in 5E instructional model to reveal ambiguous oxidation state formalism of CuS for pre-service science teachers
Authors: Savarimuthu Irudhayaraj , Susairaj Maria Josephine Arokia Marie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper implements the 5E instructional model to reveal authentic concepts in chemistry, in particular the ambiguous oxidation state formalism of copper sulfide (CuS) for pre-service science teachers (PSTs). We discuss the process and outcomes of learning phases of the 5E (engage, explore, explain, elaborate, and evaluate) for authentic chemistry learning. The puzzle activity of engage phase demonstrate PSTs prior-knowledge, understanding, problem-solving skills in the fundamental concepts of chemistry. However, we observed misconceptions in chemistry concepts, in particular the oxidation state formalism of CuS. Next, the explore phase describe how the scientific evidence from research literature give insight into whether the PSTs conceptions are in accordance with research evidence. The research evidence from collaborative literature review revealed the uncertainty in the oxidation state formalism of CuS. In the explain phase, we explained the complex electronic structure of CuS. In the fourth phase, the elaborate phase, we involve the PSTs in the book review to elaborate and analyze the uncertain concept. The results of the book review provide insight into the coverage of oxidation state formalism of CuS in nine chemistry textbooks. Finally, in evaluate phase, the results of questionnaire describe the PSTs perspectives and experiences in the student-centered chemistry learning.
A comparison study of hyaluronic acid hydrogel exquisite micropatterns with photolithography and light-cured inkjet printing methods
Authors: Chen Feng , Gu Shaochun , Zhang Qianming , Liu Tong , Liu Zhenjie , Kuang Tairong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The microstructure design of hydrogel materials offers a broad range of practical applications and is extensively used in flexible sensors, polymer microneedles, microfluidic chips, and other biomedical engineering fields. Among the bio-sourced hydrogels, oligomeric hyaluronic acid (HA) possesses wound healing, anti-tumor, and angiogenesis properties. However, micropatterning soft hydrogels, such as HA-relative hydrogels containing 90% water by weight, continue to pose difficulties for both high precision and micro-scale lithography. The purpose of this study was to compare the photolithography and light-cured inkjet printing methods of methacryloyl HA hydrogel (HAMA-gel) to those for synthetic light-curable polymer resins. Photolithography and light-cured inkjet printing methods with designed scale, high resolution, and little processing times were used to effectively prepare micropatterns of HAMA-gel. The well-shaped micropatterns consisted of parallel channels in tens of micrometers and strip/grid lines in the hundreds of micrometers. Human vein endothelial cells cultured on the material’s surface demonstrated that HAMA-gel had good biocompatibility. The width of the flow channel (10 and 20 µm) was regulated on the surface of the microstructure to allow for simultaneous control of cell growth along the flow channel and groove directions.
Agenda zwischen Ambition und Abseits?
Authors: Gohl Christopher 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Ampel-Koalition will „mehr Fortschritt wagen“. Macht der Koalitionsvertrag Hoffnung darauf, dass sie dafür die Demokratie besser organisiert und zivilgesellschaftlich vertieft? Eine Untersuchung des Koalitionsvertrags soll die real existierende demokratie- und engagementpolitische Agenda der Ampel für die Jahre 2021–2025 herausarbeiten. Dafür wird zunächst im Rückgriff auf das historische Beispiel von Hildegard Hamm-Brücher und auf Konzeptionen der Politikwissenschaften überlegt, welche Aspekte, Kategorien und Gestaltungsansprüche „Demokratiepolitik“ erfassen könnte, und in welchem Verhältnisse sie zur Engagementpolitik steht. Mit Hilfe der gewonnenen heuristischen Begriffe wird anschließend der Koalitionsvertrag durchkämmt und werden Funde auf politische Herausforderungen, einschlägige Leitbilder sowie auf drei Agenden der Demokratie als Herrschaftsform, Regierungsform und Lebensform ausgetragen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das staats- und wirtschaftsfixierte Narrativ der Ampel nicht zum faktischen Ehrgeiz in demokratie- und engagementpolitischen Fragen passt. Das abschließende Fazit würdigt einerseits die umfassenden Vorhaben und problematisiert andererseits fehlende Klärungen und Leitbilder, mögliche Bruchstellen und offensichtliche blinde Flecken. Noch kann die Ampel ihre Ambition aus dem Abseits nehmen, das der Demokratie- und Engagementpolitik droht.
Demokratieförderung zwischen Staat und Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Kleist J. Olaf , Weiberg Mirjam 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Bundesregierung hat mit der Förderung von Programmen für Demokratie immer wieder auf extremistische und anti-demokratische sozio-politische Herausforderungen reagiert. Neben der institutionalisierten politischen Bildung wurden so seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre – in Reaktion auf rechtsextreme Ereignisse und gesellschaftliche Forderungen nach Gegenmaßnahmen – zunehmend zivilgesellschaftliche Projekte durch Sonderprogramme gefördert. Aus der Zivilgesellschaft ist diese Entwicklung kritisiert worden, u. a. aufgrund der eingeschränkten inhaltlichen Schwerpunktsetzungen, dem Aufbau von Parallelstrukturen, der mangelnden Qualitätssicherung, der politischen Alibi-Funktion sowie der zeitlichen Befristung und der mangelnden Nachhaltigkeit der Programme. Wir zeichnen zunächst die Entwicklung dieser Programme als einen aus sich heraus entwickelten, aber strukturell begrenzten Lernprozess nach, der in das bisher größte und komplexeste BundesprogrammDemokratie leben!des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) mündete. Hierbei diskutieren wir insbesondere die Kurzfristigkeit der geförderten (Modell)Projekte und die aktuelle Möglichkeit und Grenzen, diese nach den Plänen der neuen Bundesregierung zum Demokratiefördergesetz in eine dauerhafte Strukturförderung zu überführen.
Comments on ‘A weighting analogue to pair matching in propensity score analysis’ by L. Li and T. Greene
Authors: Orihara Shunichiro , Kawamura Taishi , Taguri Masataka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Li and Greene (A weighting analogue to pair matching in propensity score analysis. Int J Biostat 2013;9:215–34) propose that estimates derived by the matching weight (MW) estimator are similar to those derived by the one-to-one propensity score matching estimator. The MW estimator has some useful properties, however, some regularity conditions need to be confirmed to derive an asymptotic distribution since the MW has a non-differentiable point. In this letter, we confirm the asymptotic distribution of the MW estimator and the sufficient conditions to achieve it.
Alfonso Carrillo y Acuña and His Attempts to Reform the Toledan Church within the Context of the Castilian Succession Conflict (1465–1479)
Authors: Roda Sánchez Ana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article studies the attempts of Archbishop Alfonso Carrillo y Acuña to reform the Archdiocese of Toledo. In particular, I will focus on the Provincial Council of Aranda (1473), which addressed issues like priestly concubinage, absenteeism of priests from their parishes and the level of education of the clergy. Though the Council’s constitutions certainly contain reformative exhortations, it is not so clear that Carrillo convened the Council out of pastoral concerns exclusively. Contrarily, there are reasons to believe the Archbishop mainly sought to assure his political position in the midst of the conflict for the Castilian succession. Overall, scholarship has greatly studied Carrillo’s political deeds, but usually not in relation to the pastoral and reformative enterprises simultaneously undertaken by the Archbishop. This article aims to start filling this gap, linking those two aspects and demonstrating to what extent the latter was dependent on the former. Moreover, this article will bring more clarity on the pastoral turn of the Archbishops of Toledo in the Late Middle Ages. Though Cisneros is recognized for his pastoral leadership and acknowledged as the great promoter of Church reform in Castile, all this already started before. I intend to clarify when and how it happened.
Publicus–Privatus The Divine Foundations of Authority in Dietrich Reinking
Authors: Astorri Paolo , Nørgaard Lars Cyril 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between the magistrate and his subjects as developed in the Tractatus de regimine seculari et ecclesiastico (1619) by the German jurist Dietrich Reinking (1590–1664). The Tractatus represents the magistrate-subject relationship by reference to the adjectives publicus and privatus. We argue that these adjectives carry particular weight within the context of Reinking’s political theory that bases itself upon the Lutheran doctrine of the two kingdoms. Publicus is associated with a figure of authority that has been divinely ordained and governs the world, while privatus refers to the inferior subjects, who must obey the political authorities, even when these authorities act unjustly. This obedience has limits, however. If the magistratus issues a precept that contradicts divine and natural law, private subjects are entitled to disobey. Indeed, subjects, who participate in public administration, may actively resist, if the magistrate violates the fundamental laws of the empire. Such violations amounts to committing a sin against the divine authority that has ordained the officium of the magistrate, and which defines him as something more than a private man. Thus, the adjectives publicus and privatus belong to the worldly kingdom, where personae privatae are governed by personae publicae: this governance is parcelled into different officia that govern the res publica and are constrained by divine and natural law. In the spiritual kingdom, this distinction between private and public collapses, and individuals are placed on the same level vis-à-vis Christ, who is the sole persona publica.
Objective Facts
Authors: Sankey Howard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This is a brief exploration of the notion of an objective fact. The form of objectivity at issue is distinct from epistemic objectivity or objectivity about truth. It is an ontological form of objectivity. Objective facts may obtain whether or not we know, believe or are aware of them. They depend upon objects, for example, on the properties that objects have or the relationships into which objects enter. Setting scepticism to one side, there is a perfectly mundane sense in which we may come to have knowledge or fail to have knowledge of such facts. We must perceive objective facts from a perspective, but this does not enter into the facts. Nor does the fact that we must describe facts using language mean that facts are language-dependent.
Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and its therapeutic efficacy against colon cancer
Authors: Tabrez Shams , Khan Azhar U. , Mirza Ahmed A. , Suhail Mohd , Jabir Nasimudeen R. , Zughaibi Torki A. , Alam Mahboob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present study, pumpkin seed extract was used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) along with evaluating its anticancer activity using different molecular biology tools in the human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT-116). Morphological and structural properties of the biogenically synthesized CuO NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For estimating the anticancer efficacy, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity, morphological alteration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined. SEM and TEM data revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles possessing an average size of 20 nm. The CuO NPs showed 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 25 µg/mL against the HCT-116 cell line. The treatment with IC50 concentration of CuO NPs showed significant shrinking, detachment, membrane blebbing, and shape distortion of cancer cells. Similarly, the IC50 dose of CuO NPs showed significantly early apoptosis in cancer cells compared to late apoptosis. The cancer cell line also showed a dose-dependent increase and decrease in ROS formation and MMP, respectively. The results obtained through various assays indicated significant anticancer efficacy of biogenically synthesized CuO NPs. Thus, further studies are recommended to validate our results using ex vivo and in vivo models.