bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of nitrogen in sodic soil of Kumulur village, Trichy District, Tamil Nadu under different organic and inorganic amendments
Authors: Naveenkumar T. , Baskar M. , Aswitha K. 
Published: July 2022

Currently more than 20 per cent of the world’s irrigated land is salt affected. Of that about 60 per cent are sodic soils, warranting greater attention for efficient and eco-friendly environmentally amelioration techniques. Transformation and availability of several plant nutrient elements are affected by soil sodicity. Alkali/sodic soils are to be reclaimed so as tomake nutrients available to plants optimally. A laboratory incubation study was examined to analyse the impact of various amendments, either alone or in combination with nitrogen (N) @75 kg/ha, on the physico-chemical characteristics and nitrogen dynamics in sodic soil of Kumulur village Trichy District, Tamil Nadu (pH-10.4, EC-0.40 dS, m-1, ESP-31.8). The investigation was conducted at ADAC&RI in Trichy with three replications and eight treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments used for sodic soil reclamation utilizing a standardized procedure were Gypsum (GYP) + Green manure (GM) @ 6.5 t ha-1 (T2), Distillery spent wash (DSW) @ 5 lakhs liter-1(T4), and Green leaf manure (GLM) @ 12.5 t ha-1(T3). Soil samples were taken at 15-day intervals from the 15th to the 60th day and tested for NH4-N, NO3-N, and accessible nitrogen. Using DSW, GYP + GM, and GLM, the pH of the water was decreased from 10.2 to 8.37, 8.42, and 9.21, respectively. The soil pH dropped the most in the DSW-controlled treatments. The application of nitrogen alone without any amendments (T5) recorded a higher value (135 kg ha-1) during an initial period (15 days) only and thereafter declined sharply due to various losses, i.e., volatilization, denitrification or fixation. When nitrogen was applied along with amendments, a significant (CD-0.05%) buildup in available N contents was observed over the application of N alone. Available nitrogen (325 kg ha-1), nitrate nitrogen (102 kg ha-1) and ammonical nitrogen (205 kg ha-1) were significantly increased due to the addition of amendments. However, the decline in available N with incubation period was only marginal when nitrogen was applied along with amendments. An increase in NH4-N at 30 DAI might be due to the release of nutrients. A slight increase in the nitrate-N content of the soil was observed at the end of the incubation period due to microbial oxidation of NH4-N to NO3-N. The application of amendments could save a quantity of N dose besides reclaiming the sodicity.
Android application development for identifying maize infested with fall armyworms with Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Integrated proposed pest management (TNAU IPM) capsules
Authors: Prabha R. , Kennedy J. S. , Vanitha G. , Sathiah N. , Priya M. Banu 
Published: July 2022

Several pests and diseases wreak havoc on maize crops worldwide. Novel and rapid methods for detecting pests and diseases in real-time will make monitoring them and designing effective management measures easier. In the recent past, maize has been imperilled by fall armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda), which have caused substantial yield losses in maize. This study aimed to create an Android mobile application via DCNN (Deep Convolutional Neural Network)-based AI pest detection system for maize producers. Everyone benefits from the deployment of these CNN models on mobile phones, especially farmers and agricultural extension professionals because it makes them more accessible. Automatic diagnosis of plant pest infestations from captured images through computer vision and artificial intelligence research is feasible for technological advancements. Therefore, early detection of maize fall armyworm (FAW) infestation and providing relevant recommendations in maize could result in intensified maize crop yields. . An Android mobile application was created to identify fall armyworm infection in maize and included the recommendations given by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University proposed Integrated Pest Management (TNAU IPM ) capsules in the mobile app on as to how to deal with such a problem. Digital and novel technology was chosen to address these issues in maize. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and transfer learning have recently moved into the realm of just-in-time crop pest infestation detection, following their successful use in a variety of fields. The algorithm accurately detects FAW (S. frugiperda) infected areas on maize with 98.47% training accuracy and 93.47% validation accuracy.
Genetic variability and correlation analysis in F2 segregating population in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Rameshkumar D , R Swarna Priya , B. K Savitha , R Ravikesavan 
Published: July 2022

Genetic advance denotes the improvement in the mean genotypic values of selected families over the base population. Thus, it helps the breeder select the progenies in the earlier generation. The objective of the study was to analyse the heritability, genetic advance and genetic variability for ten traits in brinjal contributing to fruit yield were studied in the F2 population obtained from the cross of Sevathampatti local x Seetipulam local. The study examined the subsistence of a significant extent of genetic variability for the traits considered. The characteristics of brinjal exhibited higher values of genotypic variation (GCV), viz., the height of the plant (20.93), yield per plant (17.42), number of branches (22.73) and shoot infestation (56.39) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) viz., the height of the plant (21.10), yield per plant (22.32), number of branches (23.42) and shoot infestation (57.24). However, the number of branches (45.44 %), height of the plant (42.76%), number of fruits (38.58%), fruit yield (28.02%) and shoot infestation (114.4%) exhibited high estimates of genetic advance and heritability for plant height (98.36), number of branches per plant (94.19) and shoot infestation (97.06). These characteristics can be effectively improved through selection. Association analysis mentioned that the yield of the fruit was significantly and positively correlated with the number of fruits, number of branches, individual fruits per plant and fruit girth. Direct selection may be executed because of these characteristics as the key choice of criteria to minimize the indirect result of additional traits throughout the improvement of high yielding varieties.
Nutritional and rheological properties of pumpkin seed based fruits spread
Authors: Rohini C. , Geeth P. S. , Vijayalakshmi R. , Pasupathi E. 
Published: July 2022

Fruit spread is prepared by combining sugar with processed fruit juice, concentrated fruit juice, or whole fruit. Pumpkin (Curcurbita maxima) seeds are commonly seen as industrial waste and discarded. Pumpkin seed was roasted and made into powder form. β-carotene rich fruits such as mango, papaya, and muskmelon were used to extract the pulp. To obtain a desired consistency of fruit spread, the fruit pulp (25%) was blended with roasted seed powder (70%) Fruits were scattered at 5° to 10° Brix and sugar was added. To extend the shelf life and improve the quality of the spreads, they were pasteurised at 60°C for 30 minutes. The spreads were packaged in two different types of packaging material food grade glass containers and polypropylene containers. They were kept in refrigerated conditions at 4°C for further analysis. After organoleptic evaluation, the fruits spreads were analysed for nutritional content, textural properties and microbial content. Pumpkin seed based fruit spreads have 15.23 to 15.64% moisture, 6.7 to 7.18 % protein, 4.53 to 4.89% fat, 5.29 to 5.69% fiber and 15.36 to 28.67% carbohydrates. The pumpkin seed based fruit spreads had 15.41 to 23.04°Brix of total soluble solids. The fruit spreads had 85.82 to 764.54 g hardness, -88.54 to-205.45 g adhesiveness, 0.87 to 0.95 springiness,0.48 to 0.74 cohesiveness, 64.78 to 344.06 gumminess and 61.53 to 311.64 chewiness. The pumpkin seed based fruits spread had viscosities of 2.21 to 3.58 centipoises. The mango based fruit spreads had the highest score values among the fruit spreads. The fruit spread encompassed enormous bioactive compounds when compared to other fruit spreads available on the market.
Bioefficacy of certain chemical insecticides against rice yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.)
Authors: R Sountharya , Prasad Rabindra 
Published: July 2022

Rice is the major staple food in Jharkhand in India and is threatened by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the insect pests that imperil the rice cultivation in Jharkhand, the yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.) is one of the most notorious ones. The present investigation was conducted in Kharif 2018 to study the bioefficacy of certain chemical insecticidal treatments against yellow stem borers in rice measured in terms of mean values of dead heart (% DH) and white ear (%WE). Ten insecticidal treatments, namely, T1 - Flubendiamide 240 SC + Thiacloprid 240 SC (combination product) @ 200 ml/ha, T2 - Flubendiamide 240 SC + Thiacloprid 240 SC (combination product) @ 250 ml/ha, T3 - Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @150 ml/ha, T4 - Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha, T5 - Rynaxypyr 20 SC @150 ml/ha, T6 - Fipronil 80 WG @ 65 g/ha, T7 - Dinotefuran 20 SG @ 200 g/ha, T8 - Fipronil 0.3 GR followed by Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @2000 ml/ha, T9 - Chlorpyriphos 20 EC@ 2000 ml/ha and T10 - untreated control were taken for the experiment. The results showed that two of the insecticidal treatments,namely T2- flubendiamide 240 SC + thiacloprid 240 SC @ 250 ml/ha (2.07% DH and 2.30% WE) and T4 - flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha (1.89% DH and 2.49% WE), were at par with each other. They performed better than all the other treatments, suggesting that using these two newer insecticidal treatments could provide all-around protection for the rice crop against rice yellow stem borer in terms of both dead heart and white ear.
Traditional knowledge adopted by the tribal farmers of the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu in animal husbandry
Authors: Sujeetha T. N. , Ashokan M. 
Published: July 2022

The study assessed the awareness and adoption behavior of the tribal respondents belonging to the Kotagiri and Udhagamandalam blocks of the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu with respect to indigenous practices in animal husbandry and assessed the rationality of the Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK). Three tribal communities viz. Todas, Kotas and Irulas were selected for the study thus comprising 180 as sample of the study. A multistage random sampling method was adopted for the study. The results revealed that the majority of the ITKs had rationality mean scores above 2.5, revealing their wider usage and application in the field of animal husbandry. Turmeric was used to cure ‘bumblefoot’ in chickens, followed by cinnamon which is widely used as a form of oral medicine with feed to poultry. The tribals cured FMD of animals by giving them spider eggs and the ragi flour viz. The rotten horn was cut away with a backstaw leaving a 4cm stub. Traditional knowledge is built on everyday observation and transmitted from the older generation to the young generation through word of mouth. Although, this is more effective in their habitat, it is believed to be totally unscientific and unreliable because it is not recorded. This is recorded only in the minds of the people. The main novelty of this research work is to document and validate the indigenous practices of the tribal communities which are compatible with their traditions and culture. Thus such documented and meaningfully validated indigenous technologies could be promoted among other tribes and farmers of other localities.
Impact of nontariff measures on the exports of the beverage sector in India
Authors: Gowri M. Uma , Shivakumar K. M. , Padmarani S. 
Published: July 2022

In the recent past, agricultural exports, especially plantation crops, which are the backbone of India, have been subjected to many nontariff measures. Since the liberalisation of trade has led to the integration of global commodity markets, developing countries are significantly affected by these trade barriers, which indirectly hurt millions of plantation community. Traditionally, India is well known for its exports of beverages and stringent maximum residual limits, traceability issues, and food safety standards are complex issues surmounting trade in the plantation sector around the world. Hence, the present research study attempts to find the shock of nontariff measures on the prices of both export and domestic beverages and the hammering in returns to the Indian beverage industry by the partial equilibrium method. This model directly measures the simulation effect of nontariff measures by imposing NTM on tea and coffee sector. It is obvious that as the NTM percent increases from 10 percent to 25 percent on tea sector, the loss in export quantity was more from 22.24 million kg to 55.61 million kg and loss of revenue was from Rs. 2997 million to Rs. 7492 million for the corresponding NTMs. Likewise the loss in export quantity (62.85 million kg) and loss in revenue (Rs. 9412 million) were high in 25 per cent of NTM. The present study shows how to allow for market imperfections and trade facilitating effects of nontariff measures in the beverage sector.
Effect of supplementary sugar feeding on colony growth of Asiatic hive bee, Apis cerana indica F.
Authors: Vijayakumari N , P A Saravanan , N Chitra , L Rajendran 
Published: July 2022

Honey bees also known as "Angels of Agriculture" are arguably the most vital insects on the planet. Bee nutrition is an important aspect of colony management. Supplementary feeding is essential for maintaining the strength and health of honey bee colonies, especially during dearth periods. Experiments were conducted to evaluate a suitable, cheaper carbohydrate supplement and its effect on the colony growth of the Asiatic hive bee Apis cerana indica. Four different sugar syrup components, viz., sugar, water, milk and glucose, were combined to form seven treatments : T1-Sugar: water (1:1), T2-Sugar: water (1:1) + Glucose (2%),T3- Sugar: water (1:1) + Desi cow’s milk (2%),T4- Sugar + water (2:1), T5- Sugar + water (2:1) + Glucose (2%) ,T6- Sugar + water (2:1) + Desi cow’s milk (2%) and T7-Control and evaluated to select honey bee colonies . Among the different sugar syrup feeding treatments, the colonies fed with T2 - Sugar: water (1:1) + Glucose (2%) had a profound effect within a month and the colonies recorded an increase in sealed brood area from 175.66 cm2 to 425.00 cm2, honey store area from 49.00 cm2 to 130.33 cm2, pollen store area from 47. 33 cm2 to 125.33 cm2, adult bee population from 4318.66 bees/colony to 4933.33 bees/colony. The work is new to A. cerana indica. Many of their bee colonies suffer from poor nutrition and absconding during the dearth period. The present study will help the beekeeping farmers maintain these Asiatic honey bee colonies during the starved period and will be useful in income generation.
Factors influencing the performance of mechanical end effector during automatic transplanting of tomato seedlings
Authors: Periasamy Vivek , Gounder Duraisamy Veppangadu Marrappa , Ramasamy Kavitha 
Published: July 2022

A number of elements of probabilistic nature mightily influence the picking efficiency of a transplanting mechanism. There are two key factors to be considered in the development of seedling pickup devices. One is the mechanical features of the end effector, and the other is the horticultural features of the protray seedling. The investigation aimed to find the features affecting the transplanting of protray grown tomato seedlings using mechanical end-effectors. Various mechanical linkage-picking fingers were developed and tested with an experimental setup for gripping and releasing the seedling. Two different pneumatic cylinders triggered the mechanical end effector, one for holding the seedling and then ejecting the seedling from the protray. When all the seedlings were ejected from the initial line of the protray, the endless belt shifted the protray just below the end-effector mechanism. Assessments were carried out with moisture content of media (16 ±1, 18 ±1 and 21 ±1%), mechanical end-effector (sliding plate cam type, sliding end cam type and four bar type picking finger) angle of end-effector needle (6, 8 and 10 deg.) to enhance the picking, transmission and dropping with low missing as well as harms for the seedlings. The minimum value of missing seedlings (6.55 %) and maximum success rate of picking (93.45 %) were noted at 18 ±1% of the growth media moisture content (M2) and at 8 deg. angle of gripper needle (θ2) with a sliding plate cam-type picking finger (F1). The transplanting frequency was 840 seedlings h-1.
The Nigerian State and the crisis of industrialization: lessons from Singapore
Authors: Barigbon Christopher Barisi , Idoniboye-Obu Sakiemi Abbey 
Published: July 2022

Nigeria faces the crisis of industrialization and development despite rich mineral and natural resources endowment. The present work is therefore set out to investigate the role of the Nigerian state in this crisis. The Nigerian post-colonial state, due to a certain stereotyped rationalization for explaining her underdevelopment, is dressed in a borrowed rope of certain characters; such characters, the paper contends are rather those of the ruling and political class, not the Nigerian state. It is the dependencia propositions that by the nature and character of the post-colonial state; and by the global character of capitalism, the integration of peripheral and dependent economies into the world capitalist orbit, portends disaster. This by the emergence of the Asian tigers such as Singapore has proven to be ahistorical and not in sync with contemporary reality. This paper finds the crisis in leadership, in the manner of organization of resources and in the patrimonial redistribution instead of wealth creation, thus making the Nigerian state a failed planner and regulator of development. The resource curse theory is adopted as the theoretical framework for the present work. As desktop, qualitative and descriptive research, extensive reliance is placed on secondary data with the use of content analysis. The example of Singapore proves that what is needed is a transformational leadership, whether democratic or totalitarian, with the political will to make sacrifices, champion, organize and utilize Nigeria’s abundant natural and mineral resources and lead her on the path of industrialization and social progress.
ANALISIS PEMENUHAN STANDAR PROSES, STANDAR SARANA DAN PRASARANA DAN STANDAR PENGELOLAAN DI TAMAN KANAK–KANAK NEGERI PEMBINA KOTARAJA KOTA JAYAPURA
Authors: KURNIAWAN DIKI 
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze the extent to which the fulfillment of process standards, facilities and infrastructure standards, and management standards in Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Pembina Kotaraja. This research used a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were the principal and teachers. Data collection through triangulation methods of observation, interviews and study documentation. Data analysis used through several stages including data reduction, data collection, data presentation and conclusions. The results of the study showed that (1) Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Pembina Kotaraja had met the process standard. This can be seen from the curriculum that has been created by the school, (2) Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Pembina Kotaraja has fulfilled some minimum standards of facilities and infrastructure standards. This is evidenced by the presence of educational toys that are complete enough to develop moral and religious values, motor skills, language, art, cognitive, social emotional, (3) Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Pembina Kotaraja has met management standards. This could be proven by the vision, mission, and goals of the school, the annual work plan made by the principal, the education calendar created by the school that refers to the Kota Jayapura Education calendar, the school organizational structure that contains positions, personnel and the flow of responsibilities and job descriptions and functions of each personnel in the school organizational structure. Keywords: Process standards, facilities and infrastructure standards, management standards
IMPLEMENTASI TUGAS KOMITE SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN DI SMA NEGERI 2 KABUPATEN SARMI
Authors: MATAPUTUN ALTON 
Published: July 2022

The purposes of this study were to describe the implementation of school committee tasks, which are (1) giving consideration in determining and implementing educational policies, (2) raising funds and educational resources, (3) evaluating education services in schools, and (4) following up on community aspirations. This study also described the supporting factors and obstacles in the implementation of school committee tasks in improving the quality of education services. This was a qualitative descriptive research based on a study case using Huberman and Miles model. The informants consisted of school committee, parents, the headmaster, teachers and students. The results of the research were (1) school committee had implemented the duties at the school even though it is not at the ideal degree, (2) the fundraising activities still depended on internal efforts of the school, (3) particularly the school committee has provided considerations on school matters, decision making, and monitoring of school services, (4) The school committee had followed up complaints, targets, criticisms, and aspirations from the students, parents and societies as well as evaluate school performance. The second research resulted regarding the supporting factors of school committee in implementing their duties is the human resource availability in the committee, facilities and supportive school environment. However, the hindrances such as inactive members of the committee, lack of understanding on roles of school committee, and the perspectives of parents on free education system. Key Words: School Committee, Quality, Education Services
IMPLEMENTASI FUNGSI KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DI SD INPRES ARMOPA IV BONGGO KABUPATEN SARMI
Authors: SISO ROMANSA 
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to describe the implementation of school principal leadership in decision making, instruction, consultation, participation, and delegates’ roles. This study used descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. The data source were from the school principal, teachers, school committee and supervisors. The data collection techniques were in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The data validation technique was using extension of involvement, the persistent of observation, triangulation and peer reviews. The result of the research showed that the school principal of the Armopa IV Elementary School on Bonggo has implemented the 5 leadership roles which were (1) the principal in making decision involved the teachers and school committee, considering public interests, dare to make decisions on all the consequences, wise and open. (2) Instruction role showed that the principal mandates the teachers to have learning preparations such as Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). (3) The consultation role was implemented through consultation on writing activities and program reports as well as being supportive and provide consultations for teachers. (4) Participation roles was implemented through the principal being a good role model and active in participating to all school activities. (5) Delegate roles was implemented through building up trust on teachers and staff to also get involve in outside school meetings, leading meeting and leader of Monday ceremonies. Key Words: Leadership Roles, School Principal, Elementary School