bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carrying capacity of Saccharina latissima cultivation in a Dutch coastal bay: a modelling assessment
Authors: Jiang Long , Blommaert Lander , Jansen Henrice M , Broch Ole Jacob , Timmermans Klaas R , Soetaert Karline 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Kelp cultivation receives increasing interest for its high-value products and ecological services, especially in Europe and North America. Before industrial kelp farming in marine ecosystems continue to scale up, evaluation of the site-wide production relative to ecological carrying capacity (CC) of the identified system is essential. For this purpose, a mechanistic kelp model was developed and applied for hypothetical numerical experiments of expanding the farming area in a Dutch coastal bay (the Eastern Scheldt), where cultivation of Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) is emerging. The kelp model was implemented within a three-dimensional hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model to account for the environmental interactions. The model captured the seasonal growth dynamics of S. latissima, as well as its carbon and nitrogen contents measured at the Eastern Scheldt pilot sites. The model results suggest that expanding the kelp farming area to ∼1–30% of the bay (representing ∼3.4–75 kt harvest dry weight in the 350-km2 bay) had the potential to weaken the spring bloom, and thereby affected the coexisting shellfish culture in the bay. Competition between S. latissima and phytoplankton mostly occurred in late spring for nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen). The ecological CC should be weighed according to these negative impacts. However, the production CC was not reached even when farming ∼30% of the Eastern Scheldt, i.e. harvesting totally 75 kt dry mass, given that the simulated overall S. latissima production kept increasing with the farming activity. Our modelling approach can be applied to other systems for S. latissima cultivation and assist in assessing CC and environmental impacts.
Provision of externally accredited immunisation certification within an Australian Professional Pharmacy University programme: a survey of graduates on benefits and outcomes
Authors: Bernaitis Nijole , Grant Gary , Hall Susan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In Australia, pharmacists may become authorised immunisers by obtaining additional credentialling from certified providers. Some Australian Universities are providing externally accredited immunisation training to final year pharmacy students. Student satisfaction has been demonstrated, but graduate views on benefits and outcomes are yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate graduates’ perceptions of providing an accredited immunisation certification during their University pharmacy programme.

Methods
A survey was sent to Griffith University pharmacy graduates of 2016–2020 inclusive. Respondents who completed the accredited immunisation training at University were asked to rank their agreement with five statements on a five-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree). Further information, including free-text responses, was collected on current area of practice and involvement in vaccinations.

Key findings
Of the 46 graduates who completed the survey, 42 (91.3%) completed the accredited immunisation training at University. Statements that the accredited immunisation training was considered a valuable additional offering to the pharmacy programme and the time commitment was worthwhile resulted in a mean agreement of 4.74 ± 0.73 and 4.64 ± 0.76, respectively. The majority of respondents (n = 27, 58.7%) were providing immunisations on a daily, weekly or monthly basis with over half reporting becoming more actively involved in immunisation due to COVID-19.

Conclusions
Pharmacy graduates valued completing an externally accredited immunisation training within their University programme and reported benefits to their employability and current roles. Incorporating externally accredited training into the curriculum can ensure graduates are prepared and skilled in continually expanding roles for pharmacists.
Synergistic effect of the novel β-lactamase inhibitor BLI-489 combined with imipenem or meropenem against diverse carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Shi Shiyi , Zhang Xiaodong , Yao Zhuocheng , Xu Mengxin , Zhou Beibei , Liu Qi , Zhang Ying , Zhou Cui , Zhou Tieli , Ye Jianzhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the antibacterial activity of the novel β-lactamase inhibitor BLI-489 combined with imipenem or meropenem against diverse carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in vivo and in vitro.

Methods
Twenty-five CRE strains, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 10), Escherichia coli (n = 6) and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 9), were used in chequerboard assays to evaluate the synergistic effect of BLI-489 combined with imipenem or meropenem. A cytotoxicity test was used to detect the toxicity of BLI-489 monotherapy or combination therapy. Three isolates producing class A, B and D carbapenemases, respectively, were selected to further confirm the synergistic effect in vitro by time–kill assays and in vivo by the Galleria mellonella infection model.

Results
Chequerboard assays demonstrated that BLI-489 combined with imipenem had a synergistic effect on 7/10, 7/9 and 5/6 of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae and E. coli, respectively, while BLI-489 and meropenem had a synergistic effect on 8/10, 9/9 and 6/6 of the isolates, respectively. No cytotoxicity was observed when BLI-489 was used alone or in combination with imipenem or meropenem at the test concentrations. In the time–kill assays, combination therapy had a synergistic effect on DC5114 carrying blaKPC-2, FK8401 carrying blaNDM-5 and CG996 carrying blaOXA-23. The synergistic effect in vivo was confirmed by the G. mellonella infection model.

Conclusions
The novel β-lactamase inhibitor BLI-489 possesses a synergistic effect against diverse carbapenemase-producing CRE combined with imipenem or meropenem.
Flomoxef and fosfomycin in combination for the treatment of neonatal sepsis in the setting of highly prevalent antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Darlow Christopher A. , Farrington Nicola , Johnson Adam , McEntee Laura , Unsworth Jennifer , Jimenez-Valverde Ana , Kolamunnage-Dona Ruwanthi , Da Costa Renata M A , Ellis Sally , Franceschi François , Sharland Mike , Neely Michael , Piddock Laura J. V. , Das Shampa , Hope William 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Neonatal sepsis is a serious bacterial infection of neonates, globally killing up to 680 000 babies annually. It is frequently complicated by antimicrobial resistance, particularly in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings with widespread resistance to the WHO’s recommended empirical regimen of ampicillin and gentamicin.

Objectives
We assessed the utility of flomoxef and fosfomycin as a potential alternative empirical regimen for neonatal sepsis in these settings.

Methods
We studied the combination in a 16-arm dose-ranged hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM) experiment and chequerboard assays. We further assessed the combination using clinically relevant regimens in the HFIM with six Enterobacterales strains with a range of flomoxef/fosfomycin MICs.

Results
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of the HFIM experimental output, along with data from chequerboard assays, indicated synergy of this regimen in terms of bacterial killing and prevention of emergence of fosfomycin resistance. Flomoxef monotherapy was sufficient to kill 3/3 strains with flomoxef MICs ≤0.5 mg/L to sterility. Three of three strains with flomoxef MICs ≥8 mg/L were not killed by fosfomycin or flomoxef monotherapy; 2/3 of these were killed with the combination of the two agents.

Conclusions
These data suggest that flomoxef/fosfomycin could be an efficacious and synergistic regimen for the empirical treatment of neonatal sepsis in LMIC settings with prevalent antimicrobial resistance. Our HFIM results warrant further assessment of the flomoxef/fosfomycin combination in clinical trials.
The Legality of Unilateral Extra-territorial Sanctions under International Law
Authors: Schmidt Julia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Following its withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, the USA re-imposed economic and financial sanctions against Iran. Its current unilateral sanctions regime against the country contains extra-territorial sanctions which prohibit non-US nationals and non-US companies from trading with and investing in Iran. Foreign legal and natural persons who do not comply with the US extra-territorial legislation are faced with a variety of limitations, including access restrictions, fines and penalties. Thereby they not only put pressure on operators worldwide but also interfere with the sovereign foreign policy choices of states and international organisations such as the European Union (EU) who support legitimate trade with Iran. Equally problematic are the extra-territorial sanctions contained in the US sanctions regime against Cuba. The article examines the lawfulness of unilateral extra-territorial sanctions as a form of targeted sanction under international law in the relationship between the sanctioning state and other sovereign international actors affected by the extra-territorial legislation in light of the customary law on jurisdiction, the law on sanctions as well as the principle of non-intervention. The relationship between the US and the EU and its Member States will be taken as an example. It will be shown that unilateral extra-territorial sanctions may amount to an abuse of rights in case they are functionally connected to primary sanctions that violate jus cogens norms or that undermine the UN Charter system, irrespective of the strength of the exercised economic pressure.
Comparing little brown and big brown bat isotopic niches over the past century in an agriculturally dominated landscape
Authors: Wray Amy K , Peery M Zachariah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAgricultural intensification has caused population declines and reduced species diversity in both arthropods and their predators. Despite conservation and habitat management implications, the effects of land-use change on the trophic relationships between nocturnal arthropod predators and their prey have seldom been described. To assess how arthropodivorous bats may have shifted their diets in response to land-use changes, we compared bulk δ 13C and δ 15N values from little brown and big brown bat museum specimens and carcasses collected in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States from 1898 to 2019. As an exploratory analysis, we also investigated relationships between isotopic values and climate or landcover variables to quantify potential correlations with changes in arthropodivorous bat foraging patterns over time. Overall, we found that isotopic niche overlap of little brown and big brown bats increased from 24% to 45% between historical and contemporary time periods. Our results indicate that the isotopic niches of little brown bats have been largely conserved, whereas the isotopic niches of big brown bats are more flexible and became more similar to little brown bats over time. Further analyses showed that stable isotope values from arthropodivorous bat tissues were also correlated with certain landcover variables such as the prevalence of wetland, forest, and grassland habitats, but not with the prevalence of agricultural land on a local scale. These findings suggest that the foraging patterns of some aerial arthropodivores have shifted in response to the loss of habitat diversity and corresponding changes in prey resources.
Pharmacological investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract from Mitracarpus frigidus (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Lemos Ari Sérgio de O , Campos Lara M , Souza Thalita de F , Paula Priscila de L , Granato Juliana da T , da Silva João Victor G , Aragão Danielle M O , Rocha Vinicius N , Coimbra Elaine S , Fabri Rodrigo L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of aqueous extract from Mitracarpus frigidus aerial parts (MFAq) in the treatment of inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as to characterize its chemical constituents.

Methods
Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined, and phytoconstituents were detected by ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTOF-MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, TAC and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity, cell viability and cell cycle were performed in J774A.1 cell line. In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by two ear oedema assays (croton oil and phenol).

Key findings
Chlorogenic acid, clarinoside, quercetin-hexosylpentoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-rhamnosylhexoside, quercetin-pentosylrhamnosylhexoside, harounoside, 2-azaanthraquinone and sucrose were identified by UFLC-QTOF-MS. MFAq showed antioxidant activity, which was positively correlated to the content of phenolic compounds. MFAq significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide, did not decrease viability in MTT assay (all concentrations) and showed no changes in membrane permeability and cell cycle of J774A.1 cell line. Furthermore, MFAq showed a reduction in ear oedema in all tested doses.

Conclusion
MFAq was effective in some antioxidant and inflammatory parameters, in the experimental conditions that were used in the study. This is the first report of chemical composition and bioactivities from this extract.
Ancient Literary Culture and Meals in the Greco-Roman World: The Role of Reading During Ancient Symposia and its Relevance for the New Testament
Authors: Heilmann Jan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Was reading literary texts common during ancient symposia? What is the relationship between reading and other forms of dinner entertainment? Was the meal the common place for the so-called recitatio, the reading of unpublished literary works by its authors? Can we assume that biblical texts were read during early Christian meals? The paper addresses these questions by giving an overview of the relevant Greco-Roman sources which refer to reading practices during ancient meals. It will be shown that the symposium was not the primary social setting for reading longer literary texts. On the contrary, one can detect a convention to read only short portions of literary texts, serving as a stimulus for table talk. These findings challenge the assumptions of so-called Biblical Performance Criticism on the one hand, and on the other have significant impact for the question of the primary setting of reading longer New Testament texts, as well as for the development of the New Testament Canon.
Singapore’s Adult Guardianship Law and the Role of the Family in Medical Decision-Making
Authors: Tang Hang Wu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Singapore’s adult guardianship law was derived from the Mental Capacity Act in England and Wales. This article explores the process of how Singapore’s Mental Capacity Act was adapted and fine-tuned to operate in a jurisdiction with different cultural conditions, religions, familial norms, and social institutions. The first part of the article demonstrates that despite its apparent similarities, the policymakers in Singapore have omitted crucial portions of the Mental Capacity Act which deal with the human rights of persons lacking capacity. This omission is unsurprising considering Singapore’s history of advancing an Asian values approach to human rights. In the second part, it will be demonstrated that Singapore’s Mental Capacity Act has been interpreted by some healthcare professionals through the lens of relational autonomy in certain circumstances to accommodate a family-centric mode of decision-making. The appeal to relational autonomy may be explained on the centrality of the family in the lived reality of most persons in Singapore. In this regard, this article argues that a formal protocol should be drafted to guide healthcare professionals in navigating the tricky minefield of furthering a person’s autonomy while recognizing the centrality of the family in certain contexts.
Marimbo Chimes And The Wizard’s Monster Band: Music In Theatrical Magic Shows
Authors: Fillerup Jessie 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Magic shows were one of many illusory spectacles popular in nineteenth-century Europe and North America, co-existing with melodrama, pantomime, and magic lantern displays. Yet there is little scholarship in any field documenting the function and significance of music in theatrical conjuring. This essay introduces a new field of research by surveying common practices in historical and modern magic shows. Historical evidence, drawn from broadsides, handbills, programmes, memoirs, reviews, and instructional guides to magic, supports three themes: (1) the relationship between conjuring, musical institutions, and related theatrical entertainments; (2) the phenomenon of magicians doubling as musical performers; and (3) the link between music, magic, and imperialist projects. Filmed performances of magic and empirical studies on illusion, cross-modal perception, and entrainment suggest a continuity of practice between nineteenth-century conjurers and modern magicians. A scene from the 2006 film The Illusionist links modern film-scoring techniques to musical conventions in nineteenth-century stage magic.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of invasive fungal sinusitis in children with hematological malignancies
Authors: Eissa Shaimaa , Khedr Reham , Romeih Marwa , Halaby Lama , Elanany Mervat , Madney Youssef 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a rare disease that requires careful attention and prompts management due to its high mortality among pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. This is a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with hematological malignancies treated at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57 357 (CCHE) through the period from 2008 till 2016 with proven IFS. Thirty-four patients were diagnosed with IFS. Five (15%) patients had an invasive rhino-cerebral fungal disease. Mucorales were isolated in 50% (n = 17) patients, Aspergillus in 38% (n = 13) patients, and mixed fungal in 12% (n = 4) patients. Sinuses were the only localized site in (45%). Extra-nasal spread was reported in 20 patients; Sino-pulmonary in 35% (n = 12), sino-cerebral in 15% (n = 5), and sino-orbital in 5% (n = 2) patients. Combined antifungal therapy with surgical debridement was done in 59% of patients with a better outcome when compared to those who received only medical antifungal treatment (P = .01). The overall mortality rate at week 12 was 35% (n = 12), and IFS attributable mortality was 20% (n = 7). IFS with cerebral extension carried the highest mortality rate for both 12-week all-cause (P = .04) and fungal-attributable (P = .01) mortality. Pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies are susceptible to invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS). Surgical debridement, combined with antifungal therapy, improves outcomes among those patients. IFS patients with cerebral extension had a higher risk of mortality.Lay SummaryWe studied the characteristics of invasive fungal sinusitis in children with hematological malignancies. Mucormycosis was the most common cause. Surgical debridement, combined with anti-fungal therapy, improves outcomes. Patients with rhino-cerebral fungal disease had a higher risk of mortality.
Inducible directed evolution of complex phenotypes in bacteria
Authors: Al’Abri Ibrahim S , Haller Daniel J , Li Zidan , Crook Nathan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Directed evolution is a powerful method for engineering biology in the absence of detailed sequence-function relationships. To enable directed evolution of complex phenotypes encoded by multigene pathways, we require large library sizes for DNA sequences &gt;5–10 kb in length, elimination of genomic hitchhiker mutations, and decoupling of diversification and screening steps. To meet these challenges, we developed Inducible Directed Evolution (IDE), which uses a temperate bacteriophage to package large plasmids and transfer them to naive cells after intracellular mutagenesis. To demonstrate IDE, we evolved a 5-gene pathway from Bacillus licheniformis that accelerates tagatose catabolism in Escherichia coli, resulting in clones with 65% shorter lag times during growth on tagatose after only two rounds of evolution. Next, we evolved a 15.4 kb, 10-gene pathway from Bifidobacterium breve UC2003 that aids E. coli’s utilization of melezitose. After three rounds of IDE, we isolated evolved pathways that both reduced lag time by more than 2-fold and enabled 150% higher final optical density. Taken together, this work enhances the capacity and utility of a whole pathway directed evolution approach in E. coli.
Educating Future Police Professionals Amid Covid-19 a UAE Perspective
Authors: Davies Amanda , Al Sharefeen Rami 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In 2020, as the world focused efforts to address the humanitarian challenges presented by the Covid-19 pandemic, the global education community was similarly challenged to demonstrate resilience and innovation to support a level of ‘normality’ for students at all levels and professions. The research presented in this article offers insight into the preparation and deployment of transitioning education of police students from face-to-face delivery to online delivery in an environment historically unfamiliar with online learning delivery. The results indicate the critical attention placed on the preparation for transition beyond only subject matter delivery, for both students and faculty was pivotal in the resultant positive student learning outcomes. The approach to transitioning to the online learning delivery environment, the early trending data for which indicate minimal impact on achievement of learning for students, contributes to the decision making for education institutions centred on developing resilience professionals such as police officers.
Enhancing the policing response to COVID-19 with media engagement: The United Arab Emirates experience
Authors: Alam Edris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Global evaluations of response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Global Clinical Practice (a network of 12,942 clinicians from 151 countries), and the Global Response to Infections Disease have consistently rated the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as one of the most effective medical responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. In parallel, according to the 2020 Edelman Trust Barometer, public trust in the UAE government is 81%—a leading score in the Middle East. While widespread miscommunication rumours, and lack of coordination was observed in the early phases of COVID-19 globally, the UAE case demonstrates a comprehensive positive approach and experience. The research reported in this paper aimed to understand the role of media in the police response in relation to COVID-19 risk management in the UAE. Content analysis of documentary and data sources was conducted from public COVID-19-related meta-data sources. The findings suggest pre-defined conducive legislative and institutional structure, professionalism of media and police, and collaborative approaches among implementing agencies contributed to the success of the early phase COVID-19 risk management in the UAE. This research contributes to the body of knowledge in pandemic and infodemic risk management through analysis of the UAE experience.