bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble updating of categorical state vectors
Authors: Loe Margrethe Kvale , Tjelmeland Håkon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn ensemble updating method for categorical state vectors is proposed. The method is based on a Bayesian view of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). In the EnKF, Gaussian approximations to the forecast and filtering distributions are introduced, and the forecast ensemble is updated with a linear shift. Given that the Gaussian approximation to the forecast distribution is correct, the EnKF linear update corresponds to conditional simulation from a Gaussian distribution with mean and covariance such that the posterior samples marginally are distributed according to the Gaussian approximation to the filtering distribution. In the proposed approach for categorical vectors, the Gaussian approximations are replaced with a (possibly higher order) Markov chain model, and the linear update is replaced with simulation based on a class of decomposable graphical models. To make the update robust against errors in the assumed forecast and filtering distributions, an optimality criterion is formulated, for which the resulting optimal updating procedure can be found by solving a linear program. We explore the properties of the proposed updating procedure in a simulation example where each state variable can take three values.
Androgenic properties of the dietary supplement 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin
Authors: Beer Carolin , Keiler Annekathrin M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDietary supplements sold for anabolic benefits or performance enhancement often contain substances, which are non-approved and might lack quality controls. With regard to athletes, the inclusion of substances or methods in the prohibited list of the World Anti-Doping Agency is based on medical or scientific evidence. 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin is a synthetic spirostane-type steroid, which is contained in dietary supplements and advertised as anabolic agent. To date, evidence is missing on anabolic or androgenic activity of 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin. We investigated its androgenic potential in two in vitro bioassays. While no activity was observed in the yeast androgen screen, 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin was able to trans-activate the androgen receptor in human prostate cells in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, a biphasic response was observed with antagonistic properties at lower concentrations and agonistic effects at higher concentrations tested. The demonstrated androgenic properties of the higher concentrations demonstrate that further investigations should focus on the safety as well as on potential anabolic effects of 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin. This is of interest with regard to abuse for doping purposes.
The effect of adolescent social isolation on vulnerability for methamphetamine addiction behaviours in female rats
Authors: Webb Paige I. , Hill Timothy J. , Everett Nicholas A. , Thornton Jade L. , Cornish Jennifer L. , Baracz Sarah J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rationale
Stress exposure during adolescence contributes to developing a methamphetamine (METH) use disorder. However, most of the studies investigating addiction-related behaviours include only male rodents, despite METH addiction rates being higher in females. Furthermore, animal studies investigating the effects of stress on methamphetamine addiction have used only basic self-administration models which may not be sensitive to the effects of stress.

Objectives
This project explored whether adolescent isolation stress exposure increases the incidence of four key addiction-related behaviours in female rats.

Methods
Thirty-two female rat pups were caged in groups of four or individually during adolescence from postnatal (PND) day 22, with the latter being re-socialised in groups of four on PND 43. In adulthood, rats were tested for addiction-like behaviours in a METH self-administration paradigm modelling motivation to take METH, persistence in drug-seeking behaviour when METH was not available, resistance to extinction, and propensity to reinstate after a period of withdrawal.

Results
Adolescent social isolation resulted in lower METH intake during acquisition; however, the paradigm modelling drug-seeking when the drug was unavailable engendered intermittent METH bingeing in all rats, abolishing the group differences in intake during this phase. Adolescent social isolation also accelerated extinction of non-reinforced lever pressing, and increased stress-primed reinstatement, compared to the group-housed rats.

Conclusions
Adolescent social isolation stress alters various methamphetamine addiction-like behaviours in female rats.
Risk of mortality from suicide in patients with Huntington’s disease is increased compared to the general population in England
Authors: Alothman Danah , Marshall Charles R. , Tyrrell Edward , Lewis Sarah , Card Timothy , Fogarty Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To examine the relative risk of suicide mortality in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD).

Methods
A case–control study design was used. We used linked electronic records from primary care, secondary care and Office for National Statistics from England from 2001 through 2019. Controls were matched to cases by general practice and suicide date. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for gender and age at suicide/index date.

Results
Data were available for 594,674 individuals. Patients with HD who died from suicide were significantly younger at time of death than patients with HD who died from causes other than suicide (p < 0.001). The adjusted OR for HD was 9.2 (95% confidence intervals, CI 4.9–17.4) compared to those without HD. The increase in risk was higher amongst the younger age group who were ≤ 45.8 years at suicide/index date (OR 54.5, 95% CI 10.8–276.1).

Conclusion
The markedly elevated suicide risk in patients with HD suggests that implementation of suicide risk assessment may improve survival in individuals with these diseases, especially in younger patients.
Chemical and mechanical properties of dual-polymerizing core build-up materials
Authors: Kelch Matthias , Stawarczyk Bogna , Mayinger Felicitas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the chemical (degree of conversion (DC)) and mechanical properties (Martens hardness (HM), elastic indentation modulus (EIT), and biaxial flexural strength (BFS)) of four dual-polymerizing resin composite core build-up materials after light- and self-polymerization.

Materials and methods
Round specimens with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm were manufactured from CLEARFIL DC CORE PLUS (CLE; Kuraray), core·X flow (COR; Dentsply Sirona), MultiCore Flow (MUL; Ivoclar Vivadent), and Rebilda DC (REB; VOCO) (N = 96, n = 24/material). Half of the specimens were light-polymerized (Elipar DeepCure-S, 3 M), while the other half cured by self-polymerization (n = 12/group). Immediately after fabrication, the DC, HM, EIT, and BFS were determined. Data was analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests, Spearman’s correlation, and Weibull statistics (p < 0.05).

Results
Light-polymerization either led to similar EIT (MUL; p = 0.119) and BFS (MUL and REB; p = 0.094–0.326) values or higher DC, HM, EIT, and BFS results (all other groups; p < 0.001–0.009). When compared with the other materials, COR showed a high DC (p < 0.001) and HM (p < 0.001) after self-polymerization and the highest BFS (p = 0.020) and Weibull modulus after light-polymerization. Positive correlations between all four tested parameters (R = 0.527–0.963, p < 0.001) were found.

Conclusions
For the tested resin composite core build-up materials, light-polymerization led to similar or superior values for the degree of conversion, Martens hardness, elastic indentation modulus, and biaxial flexural strength than observed after self-polymerization. Among the tested materials, COR should represent the resin composite core build-up material of choice due to its high chemical (degree of conversion) and mechanical (Martens hardness, elastic indentation modulus, and biaxial flexural strength) properties and its high reliability after light-polymerization. The examined chemical and mechanical properties showed a positive correlation.

Clinical relevance
The chemical and mechanical performance of dual-polymerizing resin composite core build-up materials is significantly affected by the chosen polymerization mode.
The Cohomological Hall Algebras of a Preprojective Algebra with Symmetrizer
Authors: Yang Yaping , Zhao Gufang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper aims at a geometric realization of the Yangian of non-simply laced type in terms of quiver with potentials. For every quiver with symmetrizer, there is an extended quiver with superpotential, whose Jacobian algebra is the generalized preprojective algebra of Geiß, Leclerc, and Schröer (Inventiones Mathematicae 209(1), 61–158, 2017). We study the cohomological Hall algebra of Kontsevich and Soibelman associated to this quiver with potential. In particular, we prove a dimensional reduction result, and provide a shuffle formula of this cohomological Hall algebra. In the case when the quiver with symmetrizer comes from a symmetrizable Cartan matrix, we prove that this shuffle algebra satisfies the relations of the Yangian associated to this Cartan matrix.
Challenges and Insights from South Asia for Imagining Ethical Organizations: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Alamgir Fahreen , Bapuji Hari , Mir Raza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSouth Asia is a region that two billion world citizens call home. It connotes not only a geographical place but a discursive space that, despite its heterogeneities of ethnicity and political experience, is joined at the hip by a shared experience of colonialism, sovereignty, and globalized neoliberalism. As a result, South Asia is also a site of aspiration and struggle, as well as emancipation and exploitation. Research in business ethics has not adequately addressed the challenges faced by this region, and consequently overlooked the possibility that a fine-grained analysis of the organizational issues faced by this region can generate new insights on ethical organizations across the world. This special issue marks an important step in that direction and reveals potentially translocal insights about how ethical organizations can be reimagined.
Pollution impacts on water bugs (Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha): state of the art and their biomonitoring potential
Authors: Bakonyi Gábor , Vásárhelyi Tamás , Szabó Borbála 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs water pollution poses an increasing risk worldwide, it is timely to assess the achievements of the aquatic macroinvertebrate ecotoxicology to provide a sound basis for the discipline’s future and support the development of biomonitoring. Aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha) are ubiquitous in almost all water types, sometimes in high densities, and play a significant role in organic material turnover and energy flow. Nevertheless, they are ignored in the water pollution biomonitoring schemes. Here, based on 300 papers, we review and evaluate the effects of chemical pesticides, microorganism-derived pesticides, insecticides of plant origin, heavy metals, eutrophication, salinisation and light pollution which are summarised for the first time. Our review encompasses the results of 100 laboratory and 39 semi-field/field experiments with 47 pesticides and 70 active ingredients. Pyrethroids were found to be more toxic than organochlorine, organophosphate and neonicotinoid insecticides to water bugs, like other macroinvertebrate groups. Additionally, in 10 out of 17 cases, the recommended field concentration of the pesticide was higher than the LC50 values, indicating potential hazards to water bugs. The recommended field concentrations of pesticides used in mosquito larvae control were found non-toxic to water bugs. As very few replicated studies are available, other findings on the effects of pesticides cannot be generalised. The microorganism-derived pesticide Bti appears to be safe when used at the recommended field concentration. Data indicates that plant-derived pesticides are safe with a high degree of certainty. We have identified three research areas where water bugs could be better involved in water biomonitoring. First, someHalobatesspp. are excellent, andGerrisspp. are promising sentinels for Cd contamination. Second, Micronecta and, to a certain extent, Corixidae species composition is connected to and the indicator of eutrophication. Third, the species composition of the Corixidae is related to salinisation, and a preliminary method to quantify the relationship is already available. Our review highlights the potential of water bugs in water pollution monitoring.
Understanding young people’s perception toward forestation as a strategy to mitigate climate change in a post-conflict developing country
Authors: Jama Osman M. , Diriye Abdishakur W. , Abdi Abdulhakim M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the perceptions of young people is a critical issue in the formulation and implementation of climate change mitigation strategies. Based on cognitive hierarchy theory, the present study aims to investigate the factors that motivate or hinder young people’s perception of forestation as a strategy to mitigate climate change in post-conflict Somalia. This study hypothesized a model in which climate change knowledge, risk perception and forest value orientations (anthropocentric/biocentric) influence attitude toward forestation and attitude, in turn, predicts behavioral intentions. We randomly surveyed students from three universities in three different regions of Somalia and collected 434 structured survey questionnaires. Using structural equation modeling, the results showed that climate change knowledge is a significant predictor of behavioral intention but not attitude toward forestation. The results also revealed that young people’s perception toward forestation as a strategy to mitigate climate change is significantly influenced by biocentric value orientation both directly and indirectly through attitude toward forestation. Contrary to previous studies, our results indicate that attitude partially mediates the relationship between biocentric value orientation and behavioral intentions and fully mediates the relationship between anthropocentric value orientation, risk perception and behavioral intentions, while it did not show any mediation results between climate change knowledge and behavioral intention. We found that the young people’s climate action or inaction is mainly shaped by climate change knowledge, biocentric value orientation, and attitude toward forestation. Finally, climate change mitigation efforts should avoid relying solely on attitude for behavioral decision-making formation and instead incorporate other factors into a more comprehensive framework.
Shortcuts to Thermodynamic Computing: The Cost of Fast and Faithful Information Processing
Authors: Boyd Alexander B. , Patra Ayoti , Jarzynski Christopher , Crutchfield James P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLandauer’s Principle states that the energy cost of information processing must exceed the product of the temperature, Boltzmann’s constant, and the change in Shannon entropy of the information-bearing degrees of freedom. However, this lower bound is achievable only for quasistatic, near-equilibrium computations—that is, only over infinite time. In practice, information processing takes place in finite time, resulting in dissipation and potentially unreliable logical outcomes. For overdamped Langevin dynamics, we show that counterdiabatic potentials can be crafted to guide systems rapidly and accurately along desired computational paths, providing shortcuts that allow for the precise design of finite-time computations. Such shortcuts require additional work, beyond Landauer’s bound, that is irretrievably dissipated into the environment. We show that this dissipated work is proportional to the computation rate as well as the square of the information-storing system’s length scale. As a paradigmatic example, we design shortcuts to create, erase, and transfer a bit of information metastably stored in a double-well potential. Though dissipated work generally increases with operation fidelity, we show that it is possible to compute with perfect fidelity in finite time with finite work. We also show that the robustness of information storage affects an operation’s energetic cost—specifically, the dissipated work scales as the information lifetime of the bistable system. Our analysis exposes a rich and nuanced relationship between work, speed, size of the information-bearing degrees of freedom, storage robustness, and the difference between initial and final informational statistics.
The u-plane integral, mock modularity and enumerative geometry
Authors: Aspman Johannes , Furrer Elias , Korpas Georgios , Ong Zhi-Cong , Tan Meng-Chwan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe revisit the low-energy effective U(1) action of topologically twisted $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$

N
=
2

SYM theory with gauge group of rank one on a generic oriented smooth four-manifold X with nontrivial fundamental group. After including a specific new set of $$\mathcal Q$$
Q
-exact operators to the known action, we express the integrand of the path integral of the low-energy U(1) theory as an anti-holomorphic derivative. This allows us to use the theory of mock modular forms and indefinite theta functions for the explicit evaluation of correlation functions of the theory, thus facilitating the computations compared to previously used methods. As an explicit check of our results, we compute the path integral for the product ruled surfaces $$X=\Sigma _g \times \mathbb {CP}^1$$

X
=

Σ
g

×

CP

1

for the reduction on either factor and compare the results with existing literature. In the case of reduction on the Riemann surface $$\Sigma _g$$

Σ
g

, via an equivalent topological A-model on $$\mathbb {CP}^1$$

CP

1

, we will be able to express the generating function of genus zero Gromov–Witten invariants of the moduli space of flat rank one connections over $$\Sigma _g$$

Σ
g

in terms of an indefinite theta function, whence we would be able to make concrete numerical predictions of these enumerative invariants in terms of modular data, thereby allowing us to derive results in enumerative geometry from number theory.
Marie Curie vs. Serena Williams: ambition leads to extremism through obsessive (but not harmonious) passion
Authors: Resta Elena , Ellenberg Molly , Kruglanski Arie W. , Pierro Antonio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtremism occurs when a certain need, for instance, significance quest, overrides other human motivations. Based on the Significance Quest Theory, we argue that ambition—a specific aspect of significance quest—can lead to extremism, particularly through obsessive passion. In an Italian sample (Study 1, N = 249) we predicted and found that ambition was positively related to both obsessive and harmonious passion; however, only obsessive passion positively predicted extremism. To bolster and generalize our findings we conducted a second study involving American participants (Study 2, N = 300). We confirmed the mediating role of obsessive passion in the relationship between ambition and extremism, while we did not find the mediating role of harmonious passion. The present research has theoretical implications in that it constitutes the first evidence that ambition might share some aspects with significance quest and sheds new light on ambition field. Moreover, our findings provide practical ways to prevent extremism.
Enhancing the robustness of forensic gait analysis against near-distance viewing direction differences
Authors: Imoto Daisuke , Hirabayashi Manato , Honma Masakatsu , Kurosawa Kenji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGait analysis is a promising biometric technology to visually and quantitatively analyze an individual’s walking style. In Japan, silhouette-based quantitative gait analyses have been implemented as a forensic tool; however, several challenges remain owing the narrow range of application. One of the yet-unsolved issues pertains to the existence of a ‘slight’ but critical viewing direction difference, which leads to the incorrect judgment in the analyses of a person even when using deep learning-based feature extraction. To alleviate the critical viewing direction difference problem, we developed a novel gait analysis technique involving three components: 3D calibration, gait energy image space registration, and regression of the distance vector. Results of the GUI development and mock appraisal tests indicated that the proposed method can help achieve practical improvements in the forensic science domain.
Experienced Well-Being and Labor Market Status: The Role of Pleasure and Meaning
Authors: Wolf Tobias , Metzing Maria , Lucas Richard E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the experienced well-being of employed and unemployed workers. We use the survey-adapted Day Reconstruction Method of the Innovation Sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study to analyze the role of the employment status for well-being, incorporating time use. We use the novel P-index to summarize the average share of pleasurable minutes on a day and show that in contrast to evaluative life satisfaction the unemployed experiences more pleasurable minutes due to the absence of working episodes. Hence, we examine working episodes in depth. While working is among the activities with the highest propensities for an unpleasant experience, it is also among the most meaningful activities. We show that meaning is a central non-monetary determinant for pleasure at work and find that pleasure during work and job satisfaction have a comparable association with meaning.
Atlas of non-pathological solitary or asymmetrical skeletal muscle uptake in [18F]FDG-PET
Authors: Yamane Tomohiko , Matsusaka Yohji , Fukushima Kenji , Seto Akira , Matsunari Ichiro , Kuji Ichiei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) is widely used in oncology and other fields. In [18F]FDG PET images, increased muscle uptake is observed owing exercise load or muscle tension, in addition to malignant tumors and inflammation. Moreover, we occasionally observe non-pathological solitary or unilateral skeletal muscle uptake, which is difficult to explain the strict reason. In most cases, we can interpret them as not having pathological significance. However, it is important to recognize such muscle uptake patterns to avoid misdiagnoses with pathological ones. Therefore, the teaching point of this pictorial essay is to comprehend the patterns of solitary or asymmetrical skeletal muscle uptake seen in routine [18F]FDG-PET scans. As an educational goal, you will be able to mention muscles where intense physiological [18F]FDG uptake can be observed, differentiate between physiological muscle uptake and lesion, and discuss with any physicians or specialists about uncertain muscle uptake.