bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive mechanisms of tall wheatgrass to salinity and alkalinity stress
Authors: Andrioli Romina Jessica 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTall wheatgrass ‐Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark‐ has long been used for forage production in temperate areas where salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging, or water scarcity hinder growth of other fodder species, and has a broad history of being included in revegetation programs of saline land and in wheat breeding programs. Despite its renown as a suitable species for unfavourable soil environments, the physiological mechanisms underlying its tolerance to abiotic stresses are scattered across the literature and this precludes answering the question that has motivated this review: how does tall wheatgrass endure inhospitable soil environments? The review starts with an outline of saline, alkaline and saline‐alkaline soils, and their associated waterlogging or water scarcity events. This is followed by a delineation of the physiological mechanisms responsible for plant tolerance to such soils, with an emphasis on the mechanisms associated with tall wheatgrass. Briefly outlined, tall wheatgrass has shown evidence of possessing mechanisms to allow the continuity of water influx ‐where salinity or drought leads to reduced water availability‐, strategies to avoid ion toxicity and to acquire essential nutrients, and ability to cope with high pH levels, waterlogging and excess reactive oxygen species produced as a consequence of stress. Seeking the answer to this inquiry, this review also contributes to the understanding of forage production and quality in these fragile soil environments.
Reinvestigation of unidentified causative variants in FXI‐deficient patients: Focus on gene segment deletions
Authors: De Mazancourt Philippe , Harroche Annie , Pouymayou Katia , Sigaud Marianne , Falaise Céline , Stieltjes Natalie , Castet Sabine‐Marie , Tardy Brigitte , Zawadzki Christophe , Goudemand Jenny , Dargaud Yesim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionData on failure to identify the molecular mechanism underlying FXI deficiency by Sanger analysis and the contribution of gene segment deletions are almost inexistent.Aims and methodsProspective and retrospective analysis was conducted on FXI‐deficient patients’ DNA via Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), or Sanger sequencing and Multiplex Probe Ligation‐dependent Assay (MLPA) to detect cryptic causative gene variants or gene segment deletions.ResultsSanger analysis or NGS enabled us to identify six severe and one partial (median activity 41 IU/dl) FXI deficient index cases with deletions encompassing exons 11–15, the whole gene, or both. After Sanger sequencing, retrospective evaluation using MLPA detected seven additional deletion cases in apparently homozygous cases in non‐consanguineous families, or in previously unsolved FXI‐deficiency cases. Among the 504 index cases with a complete genetic investigation (Sanger/MLPA, or NGS), 23 remained unsolved (no abnormality found [n = 14] or rare intronic variants currently under investigation, [n = 9]). In the 481 solved cases (95% efficiency), we identified F11 gene‐deleted patients (14 cases; 2.9%). Among these, whole gene deletion accounted for four heterozygous cases, exons 11–15 deletion for five heterozygous and three homozygous ones, while compound heterozygous deletion and isolated exon 12 deletion accounted for one case each.ConclusionGiven the high incidence of deletions in our population (2.9%), MLPA (or NGS with a reliable bioinformatic pipeline) should be systematically performed for unsolved FXI deficiencies or apparently homozygous cases in non‐consanguineous families.
Virtual crossmatching and epitope analysis in kidney transplantation: What the physician involved in kidney transplantation should know?
Authors: Nishikawa Kouhei , Masui Satoru , Ishida Hideki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSolid‐phase single antigen bead (SAB) assay for detection of anti‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies and high‐resolution HLA typing have enabled tremendous progress in virtual crossmatch (VXM) technology in recent years. However, misinterpretation of the SAB assay may result in detrimental consequences after kidney transplantation. Meanwhile, epitope analysis could be an effective method to estimate immunizing eplets, which may provide ancillary information for better understanding of the SAB assay. To perform epitope analysis appropriately, it is necessary to understand the basic principles related to histocompatibility testing and the characteristics of the SAB assay. Therefore, knowledge of the properties and limitations of the SAB assay is critical. In this review, we aim to describe the fundamental concepts regarding immunobiological assessment, including HLA, anti‐HLA antibodies, and SAB assay, and explain epitope analysis using examples.
Compatibility of ethnic and national identifications under multicultural policies
Authors: Igarashi Akira 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmigrants' national and ethnic identifications have been assumed to contradict each other. However, while studies in psychology generally support this association, under the condition in which national identifications are conceptualized as inclusive, ethnic identifications do not necessarily contradict national identifications. I hypothesize that in a country where tolerant multicultural policies are introduced, immigrants' ethnic and national identifications may be compatible. To test this hypothesis, data collected from respondents with an immigrant background in the European Social Survey 2014 were analysed with multilevel modelling. The results support the hypothesis: in a country with tolerant multicultural policies, ethnic and national identifications are positively associated, while in a country with strict policies, the identifications are negatively associated. This study indicates that the association between ethnic and national identifications is not always negative, but this is dependent on context.
Response of Nd3+ and Sm3+ precipitating into rhabdophane and the leaching mechanism of associated monazite ceramics
Authors: Zhao Xiaofeng , Teng Yuancheng , Li Yuxiang , Zheng Xiayu , Zheng Qiuyu , Ma Rui , Liu Guangyuan , Liu Yang , Ahuja Rajeev , Luo Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRhabdophane has been considered an important permeable reactive barrier to isolate groundwater radionuclides, and evaluating its precipitation response to different species of radionuclide in acid solutions is critical. In this work, the effects of pH values on the precipitation behavior of Nd3+ and Sm3+ into La‐rhabdophane are systematically investigated. Some specific issues such as ions removal, precipitation reaction kinetics, and crystal growth affected ions incorporation are discussed in detail, along with uncovering the veil of the Ln (La, Nd, and Sm) leaching mechanism of associated La0.666Nd0.167Sm0.167PO4 monazite ceramic based on dissolution experiments and density functional theory. The results reveal that Nd3+ and Sm3+ can be removed more than 98% in pH = 1 solution within 12 h, whereas uneven precipitation process to form unexpected stoichiometric ratio of rhabdophane has been observed in 30–50 nm short crystal. Grain growth effects based on spark plasma sintering can contribute to homogenize the materials composition with obtaining La0.666Nd0.167Sm0.167PO4 monazite ceramics. Furthermore, the binding energy of Ln–O in (1 0 0) surface of monazite plays an important role in controlling the leaching stability of Ln3+, associated with the leaching activities are energetically favorable in the order of La > Nd > Sm for La0.666Nd0.167Sm0.167PO4 monazite.
Effect of baseline resting heart rate on the risk of all‐cause death in Chinese patients with hypertension
Authors: Yulong Xia , Fangfang Fan , Ya Huo , Yaping Wei , Meiqing Huang , Yan Zhang , Jianping Li , Lishun Liu , Jing Zhou , Yong Huo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between baseline resting heart rate (RHR) and all‐cause death in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). A post hoc analysis was conducted using data from 20,648 hypertensive adults without cardiovascular disease in the CSPPT and with baseline RHR data available. Over a median follow‐up duration of 4.5 years, the baseline RHR and risk for all‐cause death had a nonlinear relationship. The risk of all‐cause death was higher in participants with an RHR ≥85 bpm (hazard ratio 1.42; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.96, p = .031) than in those with a baseline RHR of 75–80 bpm. The effect of RHR on all‐cause death during the treatment period was modified by the folate level (p = .020) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) during treatment(p = .056). The effect of RHR on the risk of all‐cause death was stronger when the folate level was low than when it was high; the risk was higher when the RHR was < 75 bpm or ≥80 bpm than when it was 75–80 bpm. RHR had a greater effect on the risk of all‐cause death when SBP during treatment was well controlled than when it was not; again, the risk was higher when the RHR was < 75 bpm or ≥80 bpm than when it was 75–80 bpm. A higher baseline RHR resulted in an increased risk of all‐cause mortality in Chinese adults with hypertension but no history of stroke or myocardial infarction.
Chromatin architectural alterations due to null mutation of a major CG methylase in rice
Authors: Wang Jinbin , Li Xiaochong , Dong Qianli , Li Changping , Li Juzuo , Li Ning , Ding Baoxu , Wang Xiaofei , Yu Yanan , Wang Tianya , Zhang Zhibin , Yu Yiyang , Lang Man , Zeng Zixian , Liu Bao , Gong Lei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAssociations between 3D chromatin architectures and epigenetic modifications have been characterized in animals. However, any impact of DNA methylation on chromatin architecture in plants is understudied, which is confined to Arabidopsis thaliana. Because plant species differ in genome size, composition, and overall chromatin packing, it is unclear to what extent findings from A. thaliana hold in other species. Moreover, the incomplete chromatin architectural profiles and the low‐resolution high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) data from A. thaliana have hampered characterizing its subtle chromatin structures and their associations with DNA methylation. We constructed a high‐resolution Hi‐C interaction map for the null OsMET1‐2 (the major CG methyltransferase in rice) mutant (osmet1‐2) and isogenic wild‐type rice (WT). Chromatin structural changes occurred in osmet1‐2, including intra‐/inter‐chromosomal interactions, compartment transition, and topologically associated domains (TAD) variations. Our findings provide novel insights into the potential function of DNA methylation in TAD formation in rice and confirmed DNA methylation plays similar essential roles in chromatin packing in A. thaliana and rice.
Evaluation of abdominal gas by plain abdominal radiographs
Authors: Barba Elizabeth , Livovsky Dan M. , Relea Lucia , Alcalá‐Gonzalez Luis G. , Quiroga Sergio , Accarino Anna , Azpiroz Fernando 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to determine the reliability of plain abdominal radiographs for the evaluation of abdominal gas content in patients with functional digestive symptoms.MethodsAbdominal CT scan scout views, mimicking a conventional plain abdominal radiograph, were obtained from 30 patients both during episodes of abdominal distension and basal conditions. Physicians (n = 50) were instructed to rate the estimated volume of gas in the 60 images presented in random sequence using a scale graded from 0 to ≥600 ml.Key ResultsThe gas volumes estimated in the scout views differed from those measured by CT by a median of 90 (95% CI 70–102) ml, and the misestimation was not related to the absolute volume in the image. The accuracy of the observers, measured by their mean misestimation, was not related to their specialty or the training status (misestimation by 96 (95% CI 85–104) ml in staff vs 78 (70–106) ml in residents; p = 0.297). The accuracy was independent of the order of presentation of the images. Gas volume measured by CT in the images obtained during episodes of abdominal distension differed by a median of 39 (95% CI 29–66) ml from those during basal conditions, and this difference was misestimated by a median of 107 (95% CI 94–119) ml. The accuracy of these estimations was not related to the absolute gas volumes (R = −0.352; p < 0.001) or the magnitude of the differences.Conclusions & InferencesPlain abdominal radiographs have limited value for the evaluation of abdominal gas volume in patients with functional gut disorders.
Considered effective? How policy evaluations and threat perceptions affect support for surveillance in the context of terrorism
Authors: Trüdinger Eva‐Maria , Ziller Conrad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurveillance policies aimed at combating terrorism and improving public security can also lead to constraints on civil liberties. In view of this trade‐off between the potential benefits and risks of surveillance, it is particularly important to study how effectiveness considerations shape public support for surveillance. We argue that effectiveness perceptions enhance policy support, but that the manner in which citizens view policy effectiveness depends on their perceptions of threats related to terrorism and to violations of civil liberties. Using data from a factorial survey experiment in Germany, we show that policy effectiveness is the most relevant predictor of citizens' support for different surveillance measures. Moreover, we find evidence that depending on the scope of surveillance, respondents perceiving threats to their liberty rely much less heavily on policy effectiveness as a criterion for evaluating policies, compared to those whose threat perception is low.Related ArticlesAwan, Imran. 2012.“‘I Am a Muslim Not an Extremist’: How the Prevent Strategy Has Constructed a ‘Suspect’ Community.” Politics & Policy 40(6): 1158–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00397.x.Doan, Alesha E., and Corinne Schwarz. 2020. “Father Knows Best: ‘Protecting’ Women through State Surveillance and Social Control in Anti‐Abortion Policy.” Politics & Policy 48(1): 6–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12337.Jenkins‐Smith, Hank C., and Kerry G. Herron. 2009. “Rock and a Hard Place: Public Willingness to Trade Civil Rights and Liberties for Greater Security.” Politics & Policy 37(5): 1095–129. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00215.x/abstract.
Crotonylation versus acetylation in petunia corollas with reduced acetyl‐CoA due to PaACL silencing
Authors: Yang Weiyuan , Li Xin , Jiang Guiyun , Long Yu , Li Hui , Yu Shujun , Zhao Huina , Liu Juanxu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProtein acetylation and crotonylation are important posttranslational modifications of lysine. In animal cells, the correlation of acetylation and crotonylation has been well characterized and the lysines of some proteins are acetylated or crotonylated depending on the relative concentrations of acetyl‐CoA and crotonyl‐CoA. However, in plants, the correlation of acetylation and crotonylation and the effects of the relative intracellular concentrations of crotonyl‐CoA and acetyl‐CoA on protein crotonylation and acetylation are not well known. In our previous study, PaACL silencing changed the content of acetyl‐CoA in petunia (Petunia hybrida) corollas, and the effect of PaACL silencing on the global acetylation proteome in petunia was analyzed. In the present study, we found that PaACL silencing did not significantly alter the content of crotonyl‐CoA. We performed a global crotonylation proteome analysis of the corollas of PaACL‐silenced and control petunia plants; we found that protein crotonylation was closely related to protein acetylation and that proteins with more crotonylation sites often had more acetylation sites. Crotonylated proteins and acetylated proteins were enriched in many common Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. However, PaACL silencing resulted in different KEGG pathway enrichments of proteins with different levels of crotonylation sites and acetylation sites. PaACLB1‐B2 silencing did not led to changes in the opposite direction in crotonylation and acetylation levels at the same lysine site in cytoplasmic proteins, which indicated that cytoplasmic lysine acetylation and crotonylation might not depend on the relative concentrations of acetyl‐CoA and crotonyl‐CoA. Moreover, the global crotonylome and acetylome were weakly positively correlated in the corollas of PaACL‐silenced and control plants.
From the sea to aquafeed: A perspective overview
Authors: Eroldoğan Orhan Tufan , Glencross Brett , Novoveska Lucie , Gaudêncio Susana P. , Rinkevich Buki , Varese Giovanna Cristina , de Fátima Carvalho Maria , Tasdemir Deniz , Safarik Ivo , Nielsen Søren Laurentius , Rebours Céline , Lada Lukić Bilela , Robbens Johan , Strode Evita , Haznedaroğlu Berat Z. , Kotta Jonne , Evliyaoğlu Ece , Oliveira Juliana , Girão Mariana , Vasquez Marlen I. , Čabarkapa Ivana , Rakita Slađana , Klun Katja , Rotter Ana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAquaculture has been one of the fastest‐growing food production systems sectors for over three decades. With its growth, the demand for alternative, cheaper and high‐quality feed ingredients is also increasing. Innovation investments on providing new functional feed alternatives have yielded several viable alternative raw materials. Considering all the current feed ingredients, their circular adaption in the aquafeed manufacturing industry is clearly of the utmost importance to achieve sustainable aquaculture in the near future. The use of terrestrial plant materials and animal by‐products predominantly used in aquafeed ingredients puts a heavily reliance on terrestrial agroecosystems, which also has its own sustainability concerns. Therefore, the aquafeed industry needs to progress with functional and sustainable alternative raw materials for feed that must be more resilient and consistent, considering a circular perspective. In this review, we assess the current trends in using various marine organisms, ranging from microorganisms (including fungi, thraustochytrids, microalgae and bacteria) to macroalgae and macroinvertebrates as viable biological feed resources. This review focuses on the trend of circular use of resources and the development of new value chains. In this, we present a perspective of promoting novel circular economy value chains that promote the re‐use of biological resources as valuable feed ingredients. Thus, we highlight some potentially important marine‐derived resources that deserve further investigations for improving or addressing circular aquaculture.
Food Expensiveness in Scotland's Remote Areas: An Analysis of Household Food Purchases☆
Authors: Revoredo‐Giha Cesar , Russo Carlo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether consumers in Scotland's remote areas suffer from food prices that are higher than the average national prices (i.e., whether a “remoteness premium” exists). The question has been raised by several organizations in those communities looking at the high prices in local stores. This paper provides a new perspective using actual purchasing prices of a sample of 5,252 households in Scotland for 2017 and 2018. In this way, households' ability to shop for lower prices is considered, unlike in previous studies. An expensiveness index was computed to measure the expensiveness of food at household level and control for differences in quality. It showed that consumers in remote areas pay a small premium (0.3 to 0.4 percent) with respect to average prices, which is statistically significant but economically not relevant. To understand the effect of several factors, AHEI was regressed on a number of explanatory variables including local area characteristics and household demographics and consumers' shopping strategy. The results were used to simulate three hypothetical scenarios related to impact of changes in the population's age, access to discount stores, and social deprivation on food expensiveness.
Othering through language: English as an Additional Language in England’s educational policy and practice
Authors: Szymczyk Aleksandra , Popan Cosmin , Arun Shoba 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAbout one‐fifth of the total school population in England was recorded as having English as an Additional Language (EAL) in 2018. This paper reflects on the problems presented by the lack of a comprehensive national strategy and guidance for EAL provision, support, and training, and how these issues reveal the existence of ethnocentrism within educational policy and practice in England. The findings are based on interviews with educational staff and participant observation in schools conducted in three schools in Manchester, UK between December 2019 and February 2020 as part of the Horizon 2020 MiCREATE project. The authors question whether categorizing multilingual pupils in opposition to monolingual English speakers serves any practical purpose or merely ‘others’ these children, and they call for broader recognition of multilingualism within the national curriculum and educational practice.
How do we decide how representative our donors are for public health surveillance?
Authors: O'Brien Sheila F. , Drews Steven J. , Lewin Antoine , Russell Alton , Davison Katy , Goldman Mindy ,   International Society for Blood Transfusion, Transfusion Transmitted Infectious Disease Working Party, Surveillance, Risk Assessment & Policy Sub‐group
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurveillance of blood donors is fundamental to safety of the blood supply. Such data can also be useful for public health policy but tend to be underutilized. When the COVID‐19 pandemic arrived, blood centers around the world measured blood donor SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence to inform public health policy. There is now a movement toward blood centers becoming more involved in public health research and surveillance post‐pandemic. However, blood donors are a healthy population and not representative of all segments of the general population. In this article, we explain how blood centers can evaluate their donor base to understand which part of the general population they are representative of.Study Design and MethodsMethodologic approaches for evaluating samples relative to the target population were reviewed. Blood donor data that are available to most blood centers were identified and application to assess representativeness of blood donors was evaluated.ResultsKey aspects of blood donor data to compare with general population data include donor selection criteria, health indicators, geography, and demographics. In some cases, statistical adjustment can improve representativeness.DiscussionComparing key blood donor data with corresponding general population data can define the subset of the general population for which a particular blood center's donors may be representative of. We suggest that donors are an ideal convenience population for surveillance of infectious agents which are frequently asymptomatic and main routes of transmission are not deferrable, for studying the natural history of disease in an initially well population, and for vaccination serology surveillance.