bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic analyses of supported employment programmes for people with mental health conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Park A-La , Rinaldi Miles , Brinchmann Beate , Killackey Eoin , Aars Nils Abel P. , Mykletun Arnstein , McDaid David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Employment is intrinsic to recovery from mental health conditions, helping people live independently. Systematic reviews indicate supported employment (SE) focused on competitive employment, including individual placement and support (IPS), is effective in helping people with mental health conditions into work. Evidence is limited on cost-effectiveness. We comprehensively reviewed evidence on the economic case for SE/IPS programmes.

Methods
We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, IBSS, Business Source Complete, and EconLit for economic and return on investment analyses of SE/IPS programmes for mental health conditions. Traditional vocational rehabilitation, sheltered work, and return to work initiatives after sickness absence of less than 1 year were excluded. Studies were independently screened by two reviewers. We assessed quality using the Consolidate Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. The protocol was preregistered with PROSPERO-CRD42020184359.

Results
From 40,015 references, 28 studies examined the economic case for IPS, four IPS augmented by another intervention, and 24 other forms of SE. Studies were very heterogenous, quality was variable. Of 41 studies with quality scores over 50%, 10 reported cost per quality-adjusted life year gained, (8 favourable to SE/IPS), 14 net monetary benefits (12 positive), 5 return on investment (4 positive), and 20 cost per employment outcome (14 favorable, 5 inconclusive, 1 negative). Totally, 24 of these 41 studies had monetary benefits that more than outweighed the additional costs of SE/IPS programmes.

Conclusions
There is a strong economic case for the implementation of SE/IPS programmes. The economic case is conservative as evidence on long-term impacts of programmes is limited.
Communication About Fall Risk in Community Oncology Practice: The Role of Geriatric Assessment
Authors: Jensen-Battaglia Marielle , Lei Lianlian , Xu Huiwen , Loh Kah Poh , Wells Megan , Tylock Rachael , Ramsdale Erika , Kleckner Amber S. , Mustian Karen M. , Dunne Richard F. , Kehoe Lee , Bearden James , Burnette Brian L. , Whitehead Mary , Mohile Supriya G. , Wildes Tanya M. 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE: Falls are a modifiable source of morbidity for older adults with cancer, yet are underassessed in oncology practice. In this secondary analysis of a nationwide cluster-randomized controlled trial, we examined characteristics associated with patient-oncologist conversations about falls, and whether oncologist knowledge of geriatric assessment (GA) resulted in more conversations. METHODS: Eligible patients (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02107443 ) were age ≥ 70 years, had stage III/IV solid tumor or lymphoma, were being treated with noncurative treatment intent, and ≥ 1 GA domain impairment. Patients in both arms underwent GA. At practices randomly assigned to the intervention arm, oncologists were provided a GA summary with management recommendations. In both arms, patients had one clinical encounter audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded to categorize whether a conversation about falls occurred. Generalized linear mixed models adjusted for arm, practice site, and other important covariates were used to generate proportions and odds ratios (ORs) from the full sample. RESULTS: Of 541 patients (intervention N = 293 and usual care N = 248, mean age: 77 years, standard deviation: 5.3), 528 had evaluable audio recordings. More patients had conversations about falls in the intervention versus usual care arm (61.3% v 10.3%, P < .001). Controlling for the intervention and practice site, history of falls (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.6; P = .005) and impaired physical performance (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.7 to 12.8; P = .002) were significantly associated with patient-oncologist conversations about falls. CONCLUSION: GA intervention increased conversations about falls. History of falls and impaired physical performance were associated with patient-oncologist conversations about falls in community oncology practice.
Tales Told by Empty Sleeves: Disability, Mendicancy, and Civil War Life Writing
Authors: Franzino Jean 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article considers texts written or sold by disabled Civil War veterans for their economic support as an understudied precursor to twentieth-century disability memoir and an instructive subgenre of the literature of poverty. These so-called mendicant texts challenged contemporary disability representations in both “empty sleeve” discourse and in US pension law, drawing attention to how economic structures shaped the experience of living with an impairment and to the social determinants of poverty. At the same time, mendicant texts stopped short of arguing for a wholesale reorganization of society; thus, they testify to the partial and uneven postbellum evolution in understandings of disability and poverty as social categories. If mendicant texts tell us about the historical circumstances of disability and its intersection with economic suffering, they also offer productive challenges to scholars studying life writing from the perspectives of US literary studies, disability studies, and poverty studies. While mendicant narratives’ ambiguous authorship and departures from the truth trouble expectations of authentic and resistant self-representation, these elements offer new insights into the rigid constraints upon acceptable disability presentation in this era, as well as the creative choices made by veterans who peddled literature in order to survive.
Picturing Poverty in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Authors: Merish Lori 
Published: August 2022

Abstract“Picturing Poverty” addresses the striking absence of discussion of poverty in US cultural criticism by turning to the archive to examine historically significant and influential, but previously neglected, early photographs of the poor alongside more familiar literary texts. The essay demonstrates that the period’s photographic apprehension of the poor haunts literary depictions. Tracing rich, productive exchanges between nineteenth-century visual and literary texts, it argues that the photographic project of bearing witness to urban poverty helped authorize the emergence of realism as a nineteenth-century literary mode. “Picturing Poverty” illustrates this argument by analyzing the work of Horatio Alger, who plainly incorporates ideals of photographic legibility into his fictional narratives and vision of reform.
The Scene of Eviction: Reification and Resistance in Depression-Era Narratives of Dispossession
Authors: St. Clair Cody C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBecause evictions pervaded US working-class cityscapes during the Great Depression, newspapers actively covered their developments and aftermaths, trading in eviction as a commodifiable experience that could entertain readers at the expense of pathologizing evictees and naturalizing summary process. Against this eviction reportage, this essay identifies a disconnected coterie of authors and artists who represented evictions and anti-eviction protests in their works, mapping out an urban geography that attends to the sociospatial and historical politics of forced ejection. In the writings of H. T. Tsiang and Ralph Ellison in particular, eviction constitutes a spatial politics of violence and exclusion, revealing the state’s protection of private property and bourgeois class interests over the well-being of its working-class and unemployed residents. Illustrating the sociospatial politics of eviction, these authors exploited and contested popular genres of eviction reportage, which narrated dispossession as a pathology of the poor to legitimate the state’s violent protection of private property. Challenging this pathologization as well as the scapegoating of Communist agitation, this essay contends that these texts account for how the juridical architecture of eviction itself creates the space and social mechanisms for anti-eviction resistance to take place. In so doing, this article positions housing and homeless justice as a politics central to the aesthetic experimentations and legacy of 1930s proletarian modernisms.
The mechanistic role of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio perturbations in the leading non communicable lifestyle diseases
Authors: Biswas Monalisa , Suvarna Renuka , Krishnan S Vimal , Devasia Tom , Shenoy Belle Vijetha , Prabhu Krishnananda 
Published: August 2022

Inflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inflammatory responses are indispensable for pathogen control and tissue repair, but they also cause collateral damage. A chronically activated immune system and the resultant immune dysregulation mediated inflammatory surge may cause multiple negative effects, requiring tight regulation and dampening of the immune response to minimize host injury. While chronic diseases are characterized by systemic inflammation, the mechanistic relationship of neutrophils and lymphocytes to inflammation and its correlation with the clinical outcomes is yet to be elucidated. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easy-to-measure laboratory marker used to assess systemic inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms of NLR perturbations in chronic diseases is crucial for risk stratification, early intervention, and finding novel therapeutic targets. We investigated the correlation between NLR and prevalent chronic conditions as a measure of systemic inflammation. In addition to predicting the risk of impending chronic conditions, NLR may also provide insight into their progression. This review summarizes the mechanisms of NLR perturbations at cellular and molecular levels, and the key inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the progression of chronic diseases. We have also explored preclinical studies investigating these pathways and the effect of quelling inflammation in chronic disease as reported by a few in vitro, in vivo studies, and clinical trials.
Mobile phone applications to support psychotropic tapering: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Boland Miriam , Higgins Agnes , Doherty Gavin , Sheaf Greg , Framer Adele , Cadogan Cathal 
Published: August 2022

Background: In the context of a recovery-oriented approach to mental healthcare, the role of psychotropic medication over extended or indefinite periods is increasingly being called into question. To minimise the risks of withdrawal symptoms and relapse, it is crucial that service users who want to discontinue psychotropic medication are supported throughout the tapering process. However, in the absence of effective interventions and supports, service users are increasingly relying on online resources for guidance and support. To date, the evidence base for mobile phone applications (‘apps’) and app-based interventions supporting discontinuation of psychotropic use has not been examined. This scoping review aims to examine the content, underpinning evidence base and impact of available mobile phone apps and app-based interventions to support psychotropic tapering. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. Several electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ACM and IEEE Xplore) will be searched from 2008 onwards. Searches of the major app stores will also be conducted, specifically Apple's App Store (iOS) and Google Play Store (Android). Following screening, key information will be extracted from the included studies and apps. Identified apps will be coded using the Behaviour Change Technique (BCT) Taxonomy. The findings will be described using narrative synthesis. Conclusions: This scoping review will provide a broad overview of available apps to support psychotropic tapering, including a summary of their content using the BCT Taxonomy. The review findings will guide future research relating to the development, implementation and evaluation of app-based interventions to support the tapering of psychotropic medication.
Topical interventions for the management of pain in chronic wounds: A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Ivory John D. , Finn David P. , Vellinga Akke , Butler Karen , Sezgin Duygu , O'Loughlin Aonghus , Carr Peter , Healy Catherine , Gethin Georgina 
Published: August 2022

Background: Venous, arterial, diabetic and pressure ulcers, collectively known as chronic wounds, negatively impact individuals across psychological, social and financial domains. Chronic wounds can be painful and the nature, frequency and impact of pain can differ depending on wound aetiology, wound state and on numerous patient factors. While systemic pharmaceutical agents have some effect in managing pain, there is a need to examine topical agents applied to the wound bed for pain relief. The objective of this study is to examine and synthesise existing literature on the effectiveness of topical agents in managing pain in venous, diabetic, pressure, arterial and mixed venous/arterial ulcers. Methods: We will use Cochrane Systematic Review methodology to identify and synthesise eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of topical agents in reducing pain in chronic wounds. Embase, Medline, PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science will be searched from inception to end of June 2022 without language limits. We will independently extract data on the pharmaceutical agent, participant demographics, aetiology, condition of the wound, and type, nature and frequency of pain using a pre-designed data extraction form. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis will be performed to address heterogeneity across studies if appropriate. Further stratification and analyses will be based on included study variables and outcomes. Discussion: Wound pain is primarily managed via systemic pharmaceutical agents. However, patients express reluctance regarding systemic analgesic drugs, fearing addiction. Additionally, persons with chronic wounds have co-morbidities including hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease and are already taking multiple medications. Topical analgesia can potentially mitigate some of the perceived disadvantages of systemic agents but the available range of these agents and their effectiveness in managing pain in chronic wounds is not so well understood. This review will focus on such agents across a range of the most common chronic wounds.
High accuracy astigmatic-focusing system for laser targets
Authors: Delgado-Aguillón J. , Ruíz C. , Rosete-Aguilar M. , Garduño-Mejía J. 
Published: August 2022

An accurate location of the focal position with respect to a solid target is a key task for different applications, for instance, in laser driven plasma acceleration for x-ray generation where minimum required intensities are above

10

14

W

/

c
m

2

. For such practical applications, new approaches for focus location and target delivery techniques are needed to achieve the required intensity, repeatability, and stability. There are different techniques to accomplish the focusing and target positioning task such as interferometry-, microscopy-, astigmatism-, and nonlinear-optics-based techniques, with their respective advantages and limitations. We present improvements of a focusing technique based on an astigmatic method with potential applications where maximum intensity at the target position is necessary. The presented technique demonstrates high accuracy up to 5 µm, below the Rayleigh range, and also its capability to work in rough surfaces targets and tilt tolerance of the target, with respect to the normal of the target surface.
Effectiveness and quality of risk communication process in Ethiopia: The case of risk communication during cholera outbreak in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Adera Nardos Gelana , Ketema Bezawit , Girma Eshetu 
Published: August 2022

Background
WHO states risk communication as the conversation of actual information, guidance, and thoughts between specialists and people fronting risks to their well-being, economic or social safety. As risk communication activities are complex and costly usually, evaluation assessment are the best approach to advance risk communication interventions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of risk communication and the quality of health communication materials developed during the 2019 cholera outbreak at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based parallel mixed design was conducted from May to June 2020 at Addis Ababa. A total of 605 adults were selected randomly from Addis Ketema sub-city and ten purposely selected adults were interviewed for qualitative data. In addition eight health communication materials on cholera were randomly selected for evaluation. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. After audio recorded interviews transcribed verbatim and translated into English the qualitative data were entered into open code version 4.02 for analysis. And then the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Result
Respondents exposed for cholera related messages and outbreak information were 71.8% and 52.7% respectively. Respondents have moderate knowledge for cholera with (M = 14.72 and SD ±4.02) with (0–34) scale range. Both Television and radio spots were found as simple and easy to understand and printed health communication materials score low quality. Poor documentation, lack of data management system and less attention for risk communication activities were identified as a gaps in risk communication in the study settings.

Conclusion
this study revealed the positive effects of risk communication messages in increasing individuals’ knowledge. Even though the risk communication spots were found to be simple and easy to understand, the quality of printed materials was low and less attention was given for the risk-communication activities. Thus, strengthening the quality of risk communication and materials development process is very important to bring desired effects in disease prevention strategies and for effective emergency responses in the future.
ANRIL regulates multiple molecules of pathogenetic significance in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Sooshtari Parisa , Feng Biao , Biswas Saumik , Levy Michael , Lin Hanxin , Su Zhaoliang , Chakrabarti Subrata 
Published: August 2022

Background
Hyperglycemia-induced transcriptional alterations lead to aberrant synthesis of a large number of pathogenetic molecules leading to functional and structural damage to multiple end organs including the kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a major cause of end stage renal disease. Multiple epigenetic mechanisms, including alteration of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play a significant role mediating the cellular transcriptional activities. We have previously shown that lncRNA ANRIL may mediate diabetes associated molecular, functional and structural abnormalities in DN. Here we explored downstream mechanisms of ANRIL alteration in DN.

Methods
We used renal cortical tissues from ANRIL knockout (KO) mice and wild type (WT) mice, with or without streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes for RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed genes were identified using edgeR and DESeq2 computational methods. KEGG and Reactome pathway analyses and network analyses using STRING and IPA were subsequently performed.

Results
Diabetic animals showed hyperglycemia, reduced body weight gain, polyuria and increased urinary albumin. Both albuminuria and polyuria were corrected in the KO diabetic mice. RNA analyses showed Diabetes induced alterations of a large number of transcripts in the wild type (WT) animals. ANRIL knockout (KO) prevented a large number of such alterations. The altered transcripts include metabolic pathways, apoptosis, extracellular matrix protein synthesis and degradation, NFKB related pathways, AGE-RAGE interaction pathways etc. ANRIL KO prevented majority of these pathways.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that as ANRIL regulates a large number of molecules of pathogenetic significance, it may potentially be a drug target for DN and other chronic diabetic complications.
Longitudinal causal effect of modified creatinine index on all-cause mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease: Accounting for time-varying confounders using G-estimation
Authors: Aryaie Mohammad , Sharifi Hamid , Saber Azadeh , Salehi Farzaneh , Etminan Mahyar , Nazemipour Maryam , Mansournia Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundStandard regression modeling may cause biased effect estimates in the presence of time-varying confounders affected by prior exposure. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between declining in modified creatinine index (MCI), as a surrogate marker of lean body mass, and mortality among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients using G-estimation accounting appropriately for time-varying confounders.MethodsA retrospective cohort of all registered ESRD patients (n = 553) was constructed over 8 years from 2011 to 2019, from 3 hemodialysis centers at Kerman, southeast of Iran. According to changes in MCI, patients were dichotomized to either the decline group or no-decline group. Subsequently the effect of interest was estimated using G-estimation and compared with accelerated failure time (AFT) Weibull models using two modelling strategies.ResultsStandard models demonstrated survival time ratios of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.64 to 1.28) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.58 to 1.23) in patients in the decline MCI group compared to those in no-decline MCI group. This effect was demonstrated to be 0.57 (-95% CI: 0.21 to 0.81) using G-estimation.ConclusionDeclining in MCI increases mortality in patients with ESRD using G-estimation, while the AFT standard models yield biased effect estimate toward the null.
Is biomass fuel smoke exposure associated with anemia in non-pregnant reproductive-aged women?
Authors: Pathirathna Malshani Lakshika , Samarasekara Buddhini Piumi Pabasara. , Mendis Charitha , Dematawewa Chandraratne Mahinda Bandara , Sekijima Kayako , Sadakata Mieko , Muramatsu Yoshiyuki , Fujiwara Naoshi 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
Sri Lanka is a developing country where the majority of households still rely on firewood for cooking. Furthermore, the prevalence of anemia among reproductive-aged women is of moderate public health importance, according the classification of World Health Organization. Despite the researchers’ ongoing efforts to investigate a link between solid fuel smoke exposure and anemia, the veracity of their findings remains uncertain. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between biomass fuel smoke exposure and anemia in non-pregnant reproductive-aged women in Sri Lanka.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 non-pregnant reproductive-aged (15 to 49 years) women in Central Province, Sri Lanka. Data was collected using a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire, and exposure was assessed using a breath carbon monoxide monitor. Drabkin’s cynomethhemoglobin technique was used to determine blood hemoglobin concentration.

Results
The overall prevalence of anemia was 36.1%. The logistic regression model revealed no effect of cooking fuel type on anemic or non-anemic status after adjusting for potential confounding factors (p > 0.05). The multivariate regression analysis also discovered that cooking fuel type had no effect on women’s blood hemoglobin concentration.

Conclusions
The study results suggest no impact of solid fuel smoke exposure on anemia among non-pregnant, reproductive-aged women. Larger scale prospective cohort studies are recommended. The reasons behind the high prevalence of anemia among reproductive-aged women should be further investigated, and corrective measures should be implemented urgently.