bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Long-Term Outcome of Radiofrequency Ablation in Multiple Sclerosis–Related Symptomatic Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Mousavi Seyed H. , Gehling Paxton , Burchiel Kim J. 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Radiofrequency lesioning (RFL) is used to surgically manage trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the long-term outcome of RFL has not been established.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the long-term clinical outcome of RFL in MS-related TN (symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia [STN]).

METHODS:
During a 23-yr period, institutional data were available for 51 patients with STN who underwent at least one RFL procedure to treat facial pain. Patient outcome was evaluated at a mean follow-up of 69 mo (95% confidence interval; range 52-86 mo). No pain with no medication (NPNM) was the primary long-term outcome measure.

RESULTS:
After an initial RFL procedure, immediate pain relief was achieved in 50 patients (98%), and NPNM as assessed at 1, 3, and 6 yr was 86%, 52%, and 22%, respectively. At the last clinical visit after an initial RFL, 23 patients (45%) with pain recurrence underwent repeat RFL; NPNM at 1, 3, and 6 yr after a repeat RFL was 85%, 58%, and 32%, respectively. There was no difference in pain outcome after an initial and repeat RFL (P = .77). Ten patients with pain recurrence underwent additional RFL procedures. Two patients developed mastication muscle weakness, one patient experienced a corneal abrasion, which resolved with early ophthalmological interventions, and one patient experienced bothersome numbness.

CONCLUSION:
RFL achieves NPNM status in STN and can be repeated with similar efficacy.
The H3.3 chaperone Hira complex orchestrates oocyte developmental competence
Authors: Smith Rowena , Susor Andrej , Ming Hao , Tait Janet , Conti Marco , Jiang Zongliang , Lin Chih-Jen 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Successful reproduction requires an oocyte competent to sustain early embryo development. By the end of oogenesis, the oocyte has entered a transcriptionally silenced state, the mechanisms and significance of which remain poorly understood. Histone H3.3, a histone H3 variant, has unique cell cycle-independent functions in chromatin structure and gene expression. Here, we have characterised the H3.3 chaperone Hira/Cabin1/Ubn1 complex, showing that loss of function of any of these subunits causes early embryogenesis failure in mouse. Transcriptome and nascent RNA analyses revealed that transcription is aberrantly silenced in mutant oocytes. Histone marks, including H3K4me3 and H3K9me3, are reduced and chromatin accessibility is impaired in Hira/Cabin1 mutants. Misregulated genes in mutant oocytes include Zscan4d, a two-cell specific gene involved in zygote genome activation. Overexpression of Zscan4 in the oocyte partially recapitulates the phenotypes of Hira mutants and Zscan4 knockdown in Cabin1 mutant oocytes partially restored their developmental potential, illustrating that temporal and spatial expression of Zscan4 is fine-tuned at the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Thus, the H3.3 chaperone Hira complex has a maternal effect function in oocyte developmental competence and embryogenesis, through modulating chromatin condensation and transcriptional quiescence.
The prophase oocyte nucleus is a homeostatic G-actin buffer
Authors: Scheffler Kathleen , Giannini Federica , Lemonnier Tom , Mogessie Binyam 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Formation of healthy mammalian eggs from oocytes requires specialised F-actin structures. F-actin disruption produces aneuploid eggs, which are a leading cause of human embryo deaths, genetic disorders and infertility. We found that oocytes contain prominent nuclear F-actin structures that are correlated with meiotic developmental capacity. We demonstrate that nuclear F-actin is a conserved feature of healthy mammalian oocytes and declines significantly with female reproductive ageing. Actin monomers used for nuclear F-actin assembly are sourced from an excess pool in the oocyte cytoplasm. Increasing monomeric G-actin transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus or directly enriching the nucleus with monomers led to assembly of stable nuclear F-actin bundles that significantly restrict chromatin mobility. By contrast, reducing G-actin monomer transfer by blocking nuclear import triggered assembly of a dense cytoplasmic F-actin network that is incompatible with healthy oocyte development. Overall, our data suggest that the large oocyte nucleus helps to maintain cytoplasmic F-actin organisation and that defects in this function are linked with reproductive age-related female infertility.
This article has an associated First Person interview with Federica Giannini, joint first author of the paper.
Microleakage beneath orthodontic brackets in high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) AT 1.5 & 3 Tesla
Authors: Bolat Gümüş Esra , Şatir Samed , Kuştarci Alper 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 1.5 T and 3 T MRI on the adhesion between the orthodontic brackets and the teeth by evaluating the microleakage between the enamel, adhesive and brackets interfaces. Methods: 58 extracted human premolars which were received a standard bracket bonding procedure were randomly divided into three groups; control group (n = 20; no MRI), 1.5 T MRI group (n = 19; 20 min MRI exposure of 1.5 T) and 3 T MRI group (n = 19; 20 min MRI exposure of 3 T). The teeth were kept in distiled water for 2 weeks, and thereafter subjected to 500 thermal cycles. Then, specimens were sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 h, sectioned and photographed under a stereomicroscope. Microleakage was scored with regard to the adhesive–enamel and bracket–adhesive interfaces at the occlusal and gingival levels. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal–Wallis and Bonferroni–Dunn tests. Results: All of the groups exhibited statistically similar microleakage scores in the adhesive–enamel interface along occlusal margins (p>0.05, p = 0.331). The mean microleakage scores along gingival margins in the 3 T MRI group was significantly higher compared to the control group both in the adhesive–enamel and bracket–adhesive interfaces (p<0.05, p = 0.019 and p = 0.020 respectively). The microleakage scores along the gingival margins were also significantly higher than the occlusal margins in the 3 T MRI group (p<0.05, p = 0.029). Conclusions: 3 T MRI may weaken the adhesion between the enamel and the stainless steel orthodontic brackets.
Memory in Polish multiple sclerosis patients - correlations with mood and fatigue
Authors: Betscher Ewa , Guenter Wojciech , Bonek Robert 
Published: February 2022

Cel pracyOcena wybranych aspektów pamięci wśród polskich pacjentów ze stwardnieniem rozsianym (MS) oraz związków pomiędzy pamięcią a przebiegiem klinicznym, stanem neurologicznym, nastrojem, objawami zespołu zmęczenia i aktywnością zawodową.MetodaU 100 pacjentów z MS i 150 zdrowych ochotników przeprowadzono początkowe pięć prób uczenia się z Kalifornijskiego Testu Uczenia się Językowego (CVLT), początkowe trzy próby uczenia się ze zrewidowanego Krótkiego Testu Pamięci Wzrokowo-Przestrzennej (BVMT-R), Szpitalną Skalę Lęku i Depresji (HADS) oraz Zmodyfikowaną Skalę Wpływu Zmęczenia (MFIS).WynikiPacjenci z MS wykonali istotnie gorzej testy CVLT i BVMT-R w porównaniu do grupy kontrolnej. Najniższe wyniki uzyskali pacjenci z wtórnie postępującym MS. Stwierdzono istotne różnice pomiędzy pacjentami z MS i grupą kontrolną w zakresie zespołu zmęczenia i nasilenia objawów depresyjnych, natomiast w przypadku objawów lękowych nie zaobserwowano rożnic. Analiza wieloczynnikowa wykazała, że jedynym klinicznym predyktorem zaburzeń pamięci był gorszy stan neurologiczny. Wyniki CVLT były istotnie związane z aktywnością zawodową.WnioskiZaburzenia pamięci występują u pacjentów z MS i wpływają na ich aktywność zawodową. Objawy depresyjne, lękowe i zespół zmęczenia nie są bezpośrednio związane z funkcjonowaniem pamięci, w odróżnieniu od stanu neurologicznego.
Activity of selected metalloproteinases in neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system as exemplified by dementia and schizophrenia
Authors: Tylec Aneta , Skałecki Maciej , Kocot Joanna , Kurzepa Jacek 
Published: February 2022

Cel pracyCelem pracy było oznaczenie i analiza korelacji pomiędzy stężeniami wybranych metaloproteinaz oraz ich inhibitorów (TIMP-1 i TIMP-2) w grupie osób leczonych z powodu zespołu otępiennego i schizofrenii. W badaniu określono stężenie dwóch kolagenaz oraz metaloendopeptydazy.MetodaBadaniem objęto 29 pacjentów leczonych z powodu zespołu otępiennego o późnym początku i po 25: osób leczonych z powodu schizofrenii paranoidalnej oraz osób bez zaburzenia psychicznego, zgodnych wiekowo z grupami badanymi. Objawy zespołu otępiennego oceniono za pomocą krótkiej skali oceny stanu psychicznego, a objawy schizofrenii– za pomocą skali objawów pozytywnych i negatywnych. Od uczestników badania pobrano próbkę krwi i oznaczono stężenie MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-13, TIMP -1 i TIMP-2 w surowicy krwi metodą ELISA.WynikiU osób z otępieniem zaobserwowano: dwukrotny wzrost stężenia MMP-1 i niewielki wzrost MMP-13 w porównaniu do pozostałych grup, a także niższe stężenie MMP-7 i TIMP-1 oraz wyższe stężenie TIMP-2 w porównaniu do osób z grupy kontrolnej. Natomiast w grupie osób leczonych z powodu schizofrenii w porównaniu do osób z grupy kontrolnej wykazano niższe stężenie MMP-7, wyższe stężenie TIMP-2 oraz nie wykazano różnic w stężeniu MMP-1, MMP-13 i TIMP-1.WnioskiU osób z zespołem otępiennym o późnym początku wykazano wzrost aktywności kolagenolitycznej co może wskazywać na nasilenie zjawiska remodelingu w obrębie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego w tej grupie pacjentów. Odmienność fluktuacji stężeń badanych enzymów oraz ich inhibitorów w zespole otępiennym oraz schizofrenii wskazuje na ich różny udział w patogenezie wyżej wymienionych zaburzeń.
El murciélago zapotero y el harem del sultán
Authors: Ortega Jorge , Morelos-Martínez Mercedes , Barrera Carlos A. , Aguilar García Martin Camilo 
Published: February 2022

La infidelidad por parte de los machos de los mamíferos es una práctica común y en algunas sociedades aceptada con normalidad. ¿Es posible que existan factores genéticos que deriven este comportamiento entre los machos? ¿Qué tan frecuente es este comportamiento en otros mamíferos?
Monitoring the deposited energy in laser-induced plasmas with an
acoustic approach
Authors: Wu Wendong , Chai Shu , Zhou Yuegui 
Published: February 2022

The monitoring of energy deposition behavior during the plasma formation process is the basis of recently developed laser-induced breakdown thermometry techniques. Utilizing the acoustic waveforms from laser-induced plasmas, a method to monitor the deposited energy was proposed. The linear relationships between the acoustic energy and the deposited energy were established under four different focal lengths. After the distortions in the sound propagation were corrected, the applicable range of this method was extended to a deposited energy from 10 to 240 mJ. The further spectra analysis in the deposited energy space suggested that the total number density of excited species increased with the deposition energy, without significant fluctuations in plasma temperature in the high-energy region.
Risk of HIV viral rebound in HIV infected patients on direct acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment for HCV
Authors: Morsica Giulia , Galli Laura , Messina Emanuela , Castagna Antonella , Bagaglio Sabrina , Salpietro Stefania , Liviana Della Torre , Uberti-Foppa Caterina , Hasson Hamid 
Published: February 2022

Background
The dynamic of HIV-viral load (VL) remains poorly investigated in HIV/HCV patients under direct acting antivirals (DAAs).

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated HIV-VL at baseline (BL) during and up to 24 weeks post-DAAs in a cohort of 305 HIV-1/HCV patients, on ART and with no HIV virological failure (VF) in the 6 months before treatment with DAAs; during the period of observation VF was defined as confirmed VL≥50 copies/mL; virological blips (VB, transient, not confirmed, VL ≥50 copies/mL). Stepwise Cox regression models were fitted to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of VF.

Results
Fifteen VF occurred in 13 patients over 187 person-years of follow-up (PYFU): incidence rate (IR) of 8.0 per 100-PYFU (95% CI = 4.0–12.1); 29 VBs were detected in 26 patients over 184 PYFU: IR = 15.8 per 100-PYFU (95% CI = 10.0–21.5). The most prominent factor associated with VF was the presence of BL HIV residual viremia (RV = HIV-RNA detectable but not precisely quantifiable) [aHR = 12.26 (95% CI = 3.74–40.17), P<0.0001]. Other factors were ≥1 VBs in the 6 months before DAAs [aHR = 6.95 (95% CI = 1.77–27.37) P = 0.006] number of ART regimens failed before DAAs initiation [aHR (per more regimen) = 1.22 (95% CI = 1.04–1.42), P = 0.012] and age [aHR (per year older) = 1.16 (95% CI = 1.04–1.29), P = 0.010].

Conclusions
Our findings underline the importance for close monitoring HIV-VL in selected patients. Whether this phenomenon is triggered by the rapid clearance of HCV remains to be established.
Humidified and standard oxygen therapy in acute severe asthma in children (HUMOX): A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: McNamara Paul S. , Clayton Dannii , Burchett Caroline , Compton Vanessa , Peak Matthew , Clark Janet , Jones Ashley P. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Oxygen (O2) is a mainstay of treatment in acute severe asthma but how it is administered varies widely. The objectives were to examine whether a trial comparing humidified O2 to standard O2 in children is feasible, and specifically to obtain data on recruitment, tolerability and outcome measure stability.

Methods
Heated humidified, cold humidified and standard O2 treatments were compared for children (2–16 years) with acute severe asthma in a multi-centre, open, parallel, pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT). Multiple outcomes were assessed.

Results
Of 258 children screened, 66 were randomised (heated humidified O2 n = 25; cold humidified O2 n = 21; standard O2 n = 20). Median (IQR) length of stay (hours) in hospital was 37.9 (29.1), 52 (35.4) and 49.1 (29.7) for standard, heated humidified and cold humidified respectively and time (hours) on O2 was 15.9 (9.4), 13.6 (14.9) and 13.1 (14.9) for the three groups respectively. The mean (standard deviation) time (hours) taken to step down nebulised to inhaled treatment was 5.6 (14.3), 35.1 (28.2) and 32.7 (20.1). Asthma Severity Score decreased in all three groups similarly, although missing data prevented complete analysis. Humidified O2 was least well tolerated with eight participants discontinuing their randomised treatment early. An important barrier to recruitment was research nurse availability.

Conclusion
Although, the results of this pilot study should not be extrapolated beyond the study sample and inferential conclusions should not be drawn from the results, this is the first RCT to compare humidified and standard O2 therapy in acute severe asthmatics of any age. These findings and accompanying screening data show that a large RCT of O2 therapy is feasible. However, challenges associated with randomisation and data collection should be addressed in any future trial design.
A scoping review of interventions to improve strength training participation
Authors: Ma Jasmin K. , Leese Jennifer , Therrien Stephanie , Hoens Alison M. , Tsui Karen , Li Linda C. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Low participation rates (1–31%) and unique barriers to strength training (e.g., specialized knowledge, equipment, perceived complexity) suggest effective strength training interventions may differ from effective aerobic or general physical activity interventions. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine interventions used to improve strength training participation through mapping theory, intervention characteristics, prescription parameters, and behaviour change techniques.

Methods
Recommendations by Levac et al. (2010) and PRISMA-ScR were followed in the conduct and reporting of this review, respectively. Patients and exercise professionals participated in developing the research question and data extraction form, interpreting the findings, and drafting the manuscript. Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed databases (inception–December 2020) were searched. The inclusion criteria were (a) original peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, (b) intervention study design, and (c) behavioural interventions targeted towards improving strength training participation. Two reviewers performed data screening, extraction, and coding. The interventions were coded using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy version 1. Data were synthesized using descriptive and frequency reporting.

Results
Twenty-seven unique interventions met the inclusion criteria. Social cognitive theory (n = 9), the transtheoretical model (n = 4), and self-determination theory (n = 2) were the only behaviour change theories used. Almost all the interventions were delivered face-to-face (n = 25), with the majority delivered by an exercise specialist (n = 23) in community or home settings (n = 24), with high variability in exercise prescription parameters. Instructions on how to perform the behaviour, behavioural practice, graded tasks, goal setting, adding objects to the environment (e.g., providing equipment), and using a credible source (e.g., exercise specialist delivery) comprised the most common behaviour change techniques.

Conclusions
Our results highlight gaps in theory, intervention delivery, exercise prescription parameters, and behaviour change techniques for future interventions to examine and improve our understanding of how to most effectively influence strength training participation.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of myopia prevalence in African school children
Authors: Ovenseri-Ogbomo Godwin , Osuagwu Uchechukwu L. , Ekpenyong Bernadine N. , Agho Kingsley , Ekure Edgar , Ndep Antor O. , Ocansey Stephen , Mashige Khathutshelo Percy , Naidoo Kovin Shunmugan , Ogbuehi Kelechi C. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Increased prevalence of myopia is a major public health challenge worldwide, including in Africa. While previous studies have shown an increasing prevalence in Africa, there is no collective review of evidence on the magnitude of myopia in African school children. Hence, this study reviews the evidence and provides a meta-analysis of the prevalence of myopia in African school children.

Methods
This review was conducted using the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five computerized bibliographic databases, PUBMED, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Africa Index Medicus were searched for published studies on the prevalence of myopia in Africa from 1 January 2000 to 18 August 2021. Studies were assessed for methodological quality. Data were gathered by gender, age and refraction technique and standardized to the definition of myopia as refractive error ≥ 0.50 diopter. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence. Significant heterogeneity was detected among the various studies (I2 >50%), hence a random effect model was used, and sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effects of outliers.

Results
We included data from 24 quality assessed studies, covering 36,395 African children. The overall crude prevalence of myopia over the last two decades is 4.7% (95% CI, 3.9–5.7) in African children. Although the prevalence of myopia was slightly higher in females (5.3%, 95%CI: 4.1, 6.5) than in males (3.7%, 95% CI, 2.6–4.7; p = 0.297) and higher in older [12–18 years 5.1% (95% CI, 3.8–6.3) than younger children (aged 5–11 years, 3.4%, 95% CI, 2.5–4.4; p = 0.091), the differences were not significant. There was a significantly lower prevalence of myopia with cycloplegic compared with non-cycloplegic refraction [4.2%, 95%CI: 3.3, 5.1 versus 6.4%, 95%CI: 4.4, 8.4; p = 0.046].

Conclusions
Our results showed that myopia affects about one in twenty African schoolchildren, and it is overestimated in non-cycloplegic refraction. Clinical interventions to reduce the prevalence of myopia in the region should target females, and school children who are aged 12–18 years.
Essential medicines and technology for hypertension in primary healthcare facilities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeke Azuka Stephen , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Balogun Muhammad Shakir , Odili Augustine Nonso 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) now constitute major cause of morbidity and mortality in middle and low income countries including Nigeria. One of the major efforts at controlling CVDs in Nigeria includes expanding universal access to care through the primary healthcare (PHC) system. The study was to assess essential medicines and technology for control of hypertension in PHC facilities in Ebonyi Nigeria.

Methods
The study used mixed method cross-sectional survey to assess availability, affordability and accessibility of essential medicines and technology in 45 facilities and among their patients with hypertension (145).

Results
Most of the PHC facilities (71.1%) assessed were rural. The heads of facilities were mainly community health extension workers (86.7%). One (2.2%) facility had a pharmacy technician. All facilities had been supervised by the regulatory authority in the last one year. Out of 15 anti-hypertensive drugs assessed, 10 were available in some facilities (2.2%–44.4%) but essential drug availability was low (<80%). Only mercury sphygmomanometers were available in all facilities with 82.2% functioning. Stethoscopes were available in all facilities and 95.6% were functional. Glucometers were present in 20.0% of facilities and were all functional.
All the respondents (100.0%) reported they could not afford their anti-hypertensive drugs. Median monthly income was 8,000 Nigerian Naira (range = 2,000–52,000). Median monthly cost of anti-hypertensive drugs was 3,500 Naira (range = 1,500–10,000). For 99 (68.3%) of the respondents, the facilities were accessible. Median cost of transportation for care was 400 Naira (range = 100–2,000).

Conclusion
Gaps still exist in the provision of hypertension control services in PHC facilities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The essential drugs were not always available, and cost of the drugs were still a challenge to the patients. There is urgent need to expand health insurance coverage to rural communities to ameliorate the catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditures and improve control of CVDs.