bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of inflammatory biomarker abnormalities with mortality in COVID-19: a meta-analysis
Authors: Suri Arpita , Singh Naveen Kumar , Perumal Vanamail 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 outbreak has engulfed different parts of the world, affecting more than 163 million people and causing more than 3 million deaths worldwide due to human transmission. Thus, it has become critical to identify the risk factors and laboratory parameters to identify patients who have high chances of worsening clinical symptoms or poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, the study aims to identify inflammatory markers that can help identify patients at increased risk for progression to critical illness, thus decreasing the risk of any mortality. Our study focussed on the predictive utility of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, D-dimer and Procalcitonin in assisting the management of COVID-19 patients with adverse clinical effects. Through literature search in electronic databases, we included the retrospective studies that evaluated the biomarkers among confirmed COVID-19 patients before initiation of treatment and who had a definite outcome (dead or discharged). Biomarkers were expressed in standardized difference in mean value, calculated based on study sizes and mean values between survivors and non-survivors considered the effect size. We carried out a meta-regression analysis to identify the causes of the heterogeneity between the studies.

Results
Number of studies eligible for C-reactive protein, D-dimer and Interleukin-6 markers were eight, seven and four, respectively. Using random effect model revealed that the overall effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI) for C-reactive protein, D-dimer and Interleukin-6 were 1.45 (0.79–2.12) milligrams/litre, 1.12 (0.64–1.59) micrograms/millilitre Fibrinogen Equivalent Units and 1.34 (0.43–2.24) picograms/millilitre respectively was statistically significant (P < 0.05) inferring that the mean scores of these marker were significantly higher among the non-survivors compared to the survivors. Two studies were eligible for Procalcitonin marker and there was no heterogeniety (I2-statistics = 0) between these studies. Therefore, fixed-effect model revealed that the overall effect size (95% CI) for Procalcitonin was 0.75 (0.30–1.21) Nanograms/millilitre was also high among non-survivors.

Conclusions
The study found that serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and D-dimer showed significant elevation in non-survivors compared to survivors. Raised inflammatory markers aid in the risk stratification of COVID-19 patients and their proper management.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety among school-going adolescents in Indian Kashmir valley during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jeelani Asif , Dkhar Sabira Aalia , Quansar Ruqia , Khan S. M. Salim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to severe disruption in routine activities, significant mortality and morbidity. Adolescents are particularly prone to mental health issues. The present study aims to estimate prevalence of depression and anxiety and its determinants among school-going adolescents in Kashmir valley of India.

Results
The Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents and Generalised Anxiety Disorder questionnaire were used to screen for depression and anxiety among school-going adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years during January and February 2021. Out of the 439 adolescents who had responded, 426 (97.03%) were included in final analysis. The adolescents had a mean age of 17.5 + 1.26 years and comprised of 57% males. The overall prevalence of depression was 16% and was associated with a past history of COVID-19 infection. Anxiety was present in 20% of adolescents. The prevalence was 14% for boys and 27.5% for girls. On logistic regression, anxiety was associated with female gender, past history of personal COVID-19 infection, history of COVID-19 diagnosis in family and hospital admission due to COVID-19 in family.

Conclusions
Anxiety and depression are major public health problems among adolescents. The high burden estimated in our study highlights the need for immediate action to support adolescents particularly those with a self/family history of COVID-19.
A pictorial review of imaging manifestations of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis–emerging threat in COVID pandemic
Authors: Aggarwal Ankita , Raj Nishu , Bhardwaj Krishna , Misra Ritu Nair , Malik Amita , Bajaj Sunil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMucormycosis is an aggressive invasive fungal infection caused by mycocetes fungi. It is an opportunistic infection, associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the current era of COVID-19 pandemic, the entire world has witnessed a dramatic upsurge in cases of Mucormycosis. Paranasal sinuses are the commonest site to be affected with the tendency for rapid spread to orbit, face, and brain. Early diagnosis and prompt medical or surgical intervention are the only ways for preventing morbidity and saving precious lives. Imaging plays a crucial role not only in diagnosis but also in defining the extent of the disease for presurgical mapping. Black turbinate sign in the nasal cavity, mucosal thickening in paranasal sinuses with periantral invasion, and bony erosion are the early diagnostic signs. This pictorial review shall provide a comprehensive review of the various imaging manifestations of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with a final proposed reporting checklist.
Congenital perineal defect with rectal duplication and extreme hypospadias—a rare association
Authors: Arora Mrinal , Zargar Noor Ullah , Krishna Anurag 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital perineal hernia is an extremely rare entity with only 10 cases having been reported in literature. We report a newborn with exposed bowel loops coming out through a defect in the perineum to the right of the median raphe and propose the term perineoschisis for this abnormality. The exposed bowel loops were a sequestered segment of colon. The baby also had extreme perineal hypospadias and left undescended testis.

Case presentation
A term neonate, born of caesarean section, was noted at birth to have exposed bowel loops visible in the perineum. The bowel loops were not covered by any membrane. To avoid injury to the exposed bowel loops and setting in of infection, the baby was taken up for emergency surgery. At laparotomy, the bowel loops were traced from duodeno–jejunal junction to ileocecal junction and sigmoid colon and rectum. No loops were seen herniating outside from the abdomen through the perineum opening. The extruded bowel loops were sequestered and ending blindly close to the rectum. The sequestered bowel loops were excised completely and perineum reconstruction was done.

Conclusion
The extruded bowel loops would appear to be a form of colonic duplication with the duplicated colonic loops herniating outside through an opening in the perineum. Since the bowel loops were lying to the right of median raphe and were not covered by hernia sac or any other membrane we propose the term perineoschisis for this abnormality. The baby also had extreme hypospadias with a perineal meatus, bifid scrotum and penoscrotal transposition. This association of herniated duplicated colon with extreme hypospadias is hitherto unreported to the best of our knowledge.
Synergistic power of genomic selection, assisted reproductive technologies, and gene editing to drive genetic improvement of cattle
Authors: Mueller Maci L. , Van Eenennaam Alison L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGenetic improvement of cattle around the globe has been, and will continue to be, an important driver of animal agriculture sustainability. There are several reproductive and molecular biotechnologies that are used in genetic improvement of cattle, and their impact on the rate of genetic progress is maximized when combined synergistically in a structured breeding program with a clear breeding objective. One of the most recently developed and increasingly popular tools, gene editing, allows animal breeders to precisely add, delete, or replace letters in the genetic code so as to influence a specific trait of interest (e.g., disease resistance), in as little as one generation. However, for gene editing to be an important factor for genetic improvement, it must integrate smoothly into conventional cattle breeding programs to maintain or accelerate rates of genetic gain. This review first summarizes the current state of key reproductive and molecular biotechnologies available for the genetic improvement of cattle, and then discusses potential strategies for effectively incorporating gene editing into cattle genetic improvement programs and methods for disseminating traits improved via gene editing. Moreover, it examines how genetic improvement strategies, including the use of gene editing, will differ depending on the cattle industry sector (i.e., dairy or beef), and the region of the world in which they are being deployed.
Association Between Aspirin Use and Sepsis Outcomes: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Hsu Wan-Ting , Porta Lorenzo , Chang I-Jing , Dao Quynh-Lan , Tehrani Babak M. , Hsu Tzu-Chun , Lee Chien-Chang 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Aspirin has anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet activities and directly inhibits bacterial growth. These effects of aspirin may improve survival in patients with sepsis. We retrospectively reviewed a large national health database to test the relationship between prehospital aspirin use and sepsis outcomes.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2001 to 2011 to examine the relationship between aspirin use before hospital admission and sepsis outcomes. The association between aspirin use and 90-day mortality in sepsis patients was determined using logistic regression models and weighting patients by the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with the propensity score. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for each IPTW cohort were plotted for 90-day mortality. For sensitivity analyses, restricted mean survival times (RMSTs) were calculated based on Kaplan-Meier curves with 3-way IPTW analysis comparing current use, past use, and nonuse.

RESULTS:
Of 52,982 patients with sepsis, 12,776 took aspirin before hospital admission (users), while 39,081 did not take any antiplatelet agents including aspirin before hospital admission (nonusers). After IPTW analysis, we found that when compared to nonusers, patients who were taking aspirin within 90 days before sepsis onset had a lower 90-day mortality rate (IPTW odds ratio [OR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.93; P < .0001). Based on IPTW RMST analysis, nonusers had an average survival of 71.75 days, while current aspirin users had an average survival of 73.12 days. The difference in mean survival time was 1.37 days (95% CI, 0.50–2.24; P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS:
Aspirin therapy before hospital admission is associated with a reduced 90-day mortality in sepsis patients.
Continuous Titration of Inspired Oxygen Using Oxygen Reserve Index to Decrease Oxygen Exposure During One-Lung Ventilation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Mikyung , Kim Jie Ae , Ahn Hyun Joo , Choi Young Soo , Park MiHye , Jeong Heejoon , Kim Keoungah , Lee Nam Young 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
A high fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio
2) is administered during one-lung ventilation (OLV). However, a high Fio
2 is not physiologic and may lead to various complications. We hypothesized that continuous titration of Fio
2 using the oxygen reserve index (ORI) reduces oxygen exposure compared to conventional management during OLV.

METHODS:
In this randomized, double-blinded trial, patients undergoing thoracic surgery were assigned to an ORI (n = 64) or a control group (n = 60). In the ORI group, ORI was continuously displayed using multiwavelength pulse co-oximetry (Masimo) between 0 and 1 (0, no reserve; 1, maximum reserve), and Fio
2 was titrated for a target ORI of 0.21 at 5-minute intervals during OLV. In the control group, Fio
2 was adjusted using arterial blood gas analysis measured at 15 minutes after OLV initiation. The primary end point was the time-weighted average Fio
2 during OLV.

RESULTS:
Overall, time-weighted average Fio
2 did not differ between the groups (control versus ORI: median [interquartile range], 0.87 [0.73–1.00] vs 0.82 [0.68–0.93]; P = .09). However, in a subgroup analysis, the ORI group reduced time-weighted average Fio
2 after pulmonary vascular ligation compared to the control group (control versus ORI: median [interquartile range], 0.75 [0.70–1.00] vs 0.72 [0.59–0.89]; P = .0261). The incidence of intraoperative hypoxia (arterial oxygen saturation [Spo
2] <94%; control versus ORI: 32% [19/60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 20–45] vs 19% [12/64; 95% CI, 10–31]; P = .09), and postoperative complications within the first 7 days did not differ between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
ORI-guided continuous Fio
2 titration does not reduce overall oxygen exposure during OLV.
Competing Effects on the Average Age of Infant Death
Authors: Alexander Monica , Root Leslie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, the relationship between the average length of life for those who die in the first year of life—the life table quantity a10—and the level of infant mortality, on which its calculation is often based, has broken down. The very low levels of infant mortality in the developed world correspond to a range of a10 quantities. We illustrate the competing effect of falling mortality and reduction in preterm births on a10 through two populations with very different levels of premature birth—infants born to non-Hispanic White mothers and infants born to non-Hispanic Black mothers in the United States—using linked birth and infant death cohort data. Through simulation, we further demonstrate that falling mortality reduces a10, while a reduction in premature births increases it. We use these observations to motivate the formulation of a new approximation formula for a10 in low-mortality contexts, which aims to incorporate differences in preterm birth through a proxy measure—the ratio of infant to under-five mortality. Models are built and tested using data from the Human Mortality Database. Model results and validation show that the newly proposed model outperforms existing alternatives.
A dog model for centronuclear myopathy carrying the most common DNM2 mutation
Authors: Böhm Johann , Barthélémy Inès , Landwerlin Charlène , Blanchard-Gutton Nicolas , Relaix Frédéric , Blot Stéphane , Laporte Jocelyn , Tiret Laurent 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Mutations in DNM2 cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (ADCNM), a rare disease characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and structural anomalies of the myofibres, including nuclear centralization and mitochondrial mispositioning. Following the clinical report of a Border Collie male with exercise intolerance and histopathological hallmarks of CNM on the muscle biopsy, we identified the c.1393C&gt;T (R465W) mutation in DNM2, corresponding to the most common ADCNM mutation in humans. In order to establish a large animal model for longitudinal and preclinical studies on the muscle disorder, we collected sperm samples from the Border Collie male and generated a dog cohort for subsequent clinical, genetic and histological investigations. Four of the five offspring carried the DNM2 mutation and showed muscle atrophy and a mildly impaired gait. Morphological examinations of transverse muscle sections revealed CNM-typical fibres with centralized nuclei and remodelling of the mitochondrial network. Overall, the DNM2-CNM dog represents a faithful animal model for the human disorder, allows the investigation of ADCNM disease progression, and constitutes a valuable complementary tool to validate innovative therapies established in mice.
Understanding and drugging RAS: 40 years to break the tip of the iceberg
Authors: Brady Donita C. , Hmeljak Julija , Dar Arvin C. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Several cancers and rare genetic diseases are caused by dysregulation in the RAS signaling pathway. RAS proteins serve as molecular switches that regulate pathways involved in cellular growth, differentiation and survival. These pathways have been an intense area of investigation for four decades, since the initial identification of somatic RAS mutations linked to human cancers. In the past few years, inhibitors against several RAS effectors, as well as direct inhibitors of the K-RAS mutant G12C, have been developed. This Special Issue in DMM includes original Research articles on RAS-driven cancers and RASopathies. The articles provide insights into mechanisms and biomarkers, and evaluate therapeutic targets. Several articles also present new disease models, whereas others describe technologies or approaches to evaluate the function of RAS in vivo. The collection also includes a series of Review articles on RAS biology and translational aspects of defining and treating RAS-driven diseases. In this Editorial, we summarize this collection and discuss the potential impact of the articles within this evolving area of research. We also identify areas of growth and possible future developments.
Considerations for Athletes with Eating Disorders Based on Levels of Care
Authors: Flatt Rachael E. , Miller Alexandra J. , Foreman Tonya , Shannon Jeni 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article provides an overview of levels of care for eating disorders (EDs) and considerations that are specific to elite athletes. We discuss the following levels of care in terms of ED pathology and treatment aspects that may be unique to athletes: 1) inpatient and residential care, 2) intensive outpatient and partial hospitalization treatment, and 3) outpatient. Illustrative case studies also are presented to highlight distinctions between levels of care and athlete-specific nuances to treatment approaches and health care teams. Finally, we review aspects of return to play plans for elite athletes with EDs.
Research avenues for amplifying Indigenous radio
Authors: Moylan Katie 
Published: March 2022

In this article, I discuss Indigenous radio’s ongoing importance for tribal communities in the US from my perspective as a settler scholar, drawing on multifaceted research into Indigenous radio’s programme content and production practices before and during the pandemic. For this research, ‘Indigenous radio’ refers to radio produced, managed, presented and/ or owned by tribal communities. Other terms in use to describe Indigenous radio include Native American, Indian, or tribal radio, demonstrating that there is not a single universalising term and reflecting a diversity in tribal cultures, languages and practices more generally. Building on this understanding of the inherent diversity of Indigenous radio, I describe the ways in which my overarching research project investigates Indigenous radio holistically, via critical outputs combining a literature review of Indigenous theoretical approaches, an online interactive map of tribal stations and in-depth case studies of tribal stations. Through these, I explore community-building practices of Indigenous radio as produced through what Indigenous theorists Glen Coulthard and Leanne Betasamosake Simpson (2016) term grounded normativity. Building on this avenue of exploration, I suggest the place-based values embedded in Indigenous radio production practices and content can function as everyday acts of resurgence, following Jeff Corntassel’s (2012) conceptualisation of ways in which Indigenous resurgence can reinforce a project of decolonisation. To exemplify and situate these arguments, I draw on examples of radio production and practitioner insights from selected tribal stations embodying diverse tribal production practices and content, before turning to focus on pandemic practices in Indigenous radio. When the pandemic emerged, my research focus necessarily widened to include and examine COVID-related practices and programming in tribal radio, enabling reflection on these in the context of a paradigm shift in which the value of tribal radio's community-building work has become acute.
Distinguishing Homophily from Peer Influence Through Network Representation Learning
Authors: Chen Xi , Liu Yan , Zhang Cheng 
Published: March 2022

Peer influence and homophily are two entangled forces underlying social influences. However, distinguishing homophily from peer influence is difficult, particularly when there is latent homophily caused by unobservable features. This paper proposes a novel data-driven framework that combines the advantages of latent homophily identification and causal inference. Specifically, the approach first utilizes scalable network representation learning algorithms to obtain node embeddings, which are extracted from social network structures. Then, the embeddings are used to control latent homophily in a quasi-experimental design for causal inference. The simulation experiments show that the proposed approach can estimate peer influence more accurately than existing parameterized approaches and data-driven methods. We applied the proposed framework in an empirical study of players’ online gaming behaviors. First, our approach can achieve improved model fitness for estimating peer influence in online games. Second, we discover a heterogeneous effect of peer influence: players with higher tenure and playing levels receive stronger peer influence. Finally, our results suggest that the homophily effect has a stronger influence on players’ behavior than peer influence. Summary of Contribution: The study proposes a novel computational method to separate peer influence from homophily in an online network. Using network embeddings learned from data to control latent homophily, the approach effectively addresses the challenge of correctly identifying peer effects in the absence of randomized experimental conditions. While simplifying the computational process, the method achieves good computational performance, thus effectively helping researchers and practitioners extract useful network information in various online service contexts.
An exploration of midwives' experiences of the transition to practice in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Cazzini Hazel , Cowman Triona , Fleming Judith , Fletcher Antoinette , Kuriakos Saila , Mulligan Kevin , Healy Niamh 
Published: March 2022

Background Many studies worldwide describe midwives' experiences during their transition from student midwife to qualified midwife. However, research on midwives' experience of transition to practice in the Republic of Ireland has not been published since 2008. This study aimed to explore midwives' experiences of their transition to practice in the Republic of Ireland. Methods A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with seven midwives, who commenced their post-registration clinical practice between December 2018 and September 2019. Results Midwives described transition to practice as a time when they felt challenged because of increased responsibility and accountability. It was a period of growth because of ‘learning by doing’, where a supportive working environment was paramount. Conclusions Newly qualified midwives have considerable need for support yet it appears they do not always receive this support.