bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cucumber mosaic virus epidemiology in pepper: Aphid dispersal, transmission efficiency and vector pressure
Authors: Khaled‐Gasmi Wafa , Souissi Rebha , Boukhris‐Bouhachem Sonia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes significant damage and yield losses in peppers. The objective of this study is to determine the efficiency of prevalent aphid species occurring in pepper fields to transmit this virus within pepper plants and to identify their vector pressure in order to target the critical species implicated in CMV epidemics spread. Alatae and apterae were monitored in an experimental pepper field in northern Tunisia for 3 years. Sixty‐eight species were captured in winged form in yellow water traps. The most abundant species were Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis fabae, Aphis spiraecola, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Aphis craccivora, Aphis nerii, Hyalopterus pruni, Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi constituting 90% of aphid populations in the field. Their temporal dynamic showed a high period of flight activity from April to June and a second peak in September was registered. Two of these species, M. persicae and A. gossypii were also found in their wingless form on pepper leaves with a prevalence of 99.5% and 0.5%, respectively. The 12 most abundant aphid species were tested for their transmission efficiency of CMV (CMV‐pepp2 isolate) with A. gossypii as a reference vector. All aphids tested, including colonizing and non‐colonizing species on pepper, were verified to be vectors of this isolate. However, significant differences in the transmission efficiency were found between the aphid species (p < .001, SE = 7.29). M. persicae (60%) scored the highest transmission efficiency rate. Additionally, A. fabae solanella (50%) had higher transmission efficiency than the reference vector, A. gossypii (40%). H. pruni (16.67%) was documented as a new CMV vector to pepper. The single‐aphid transmission probabilities ranged from 0.7% to 16.7%. The calculated mean Vector Pressure Index (VPI) for these 12 species showed a stronger relationship with the specific aphid population variance (R = 0.89, p < .01) than the variation of the specific single‐aphid transmission probabilities (R = 0.62, p < .05). Indeed, for alate non‐colonizer vectors, A. spiraecola has recorded the highest mean VPI (27.5), despite its moderate transmission efficiency (23.33%). Nevertheless, for colonizer vectors in both winged and wingless forms, M. persicae had the highest mean VPI (49.26) of all vector species and was mostly present in its apterous form. The 12 vector species contributed to a total mean VPI of 133.48 during the surveyed periods. This research determined key features of CMV epidemiology in pepper crops that might be helpful for CMV disease management at an early stage.
Comparative efficacy of sedation or analgesia methods for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Kano Kenichi , Kuroda Naoto , Yamamoto Norio , Shiroshita Akihiro , Kataoka Yuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe performed a network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous sedation (IVS), intraarticular anesthetic injection (IAA), and peripheral nerve block (PNB) as sedation or analgesia methods for the reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different sedation or analgesia methods for anterior shoulder dislocation reduction. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases were searched in October 2021. We conducted a random‐effects NMA within a frequentist framework. We evaluated the confidence in each outcome using the CINeMA tool.ResultsSixteen RCTs (957 patients) were included. Regarding the primary outcomes, the three methods might result in little to no difference in the immediate success rate of reduction and patient satisfaction. The IAA method had a shorter emergency department length of stay than that of the IVS method (mean difference [MD] −107.88 min, 95% confidence interval [CI] −202.58 to −13.18). In the secondary outcomes, the IAA method had a lower pain score than that of the PNB method (standardized MD −1.83, 95% CI −3.64 to −0.02). The IAA and PNB methods might require a longer time for reduction than that of the IVS method (MD 5.3 min, 95% CI 2.4 to 10.36; MD 15.25, 95% CI 5.49 to 25.01). The three methods might result in little to no difference in the number of reduction attempts and total success rate of reduction. However, the confidence ratings for all treatment comparisons were very low. IAA and PNB had no adverse respiratory events.ConclusionsThe results of our NMA indicated that three sedation or analgesia methods (IVS, IAA, and PNB) might result in little to no difference in the success rate of reduction and patient satisfaction. IAA and PNB had no adverse respiratory events.
Social identities and the achievement gap: Incompatibility between social class background and student identity increases student disidentification, which decreases performance and leads to higher dropout rates
Authors: Matschke Christina , de Vreeze Jort , Cress Ulrike 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEducation is not equally distributed across all people. It has often been found that students from low social class background have lower access to universities, less academic achievement and higher dropout rates compared with their peers (called the ‘achievement gap’). We investigate how the student social identity contributes to the emergence of the achievement gap and focus on student disidentification, a negative internalized relation to the in‐group. We predict that disidentification reduces academic performance (Hypothesis 1) and increases university dropout rates (Hypothesis 2). Moreover, we predict that social class background affects identity incompatibility which, in turn, increases student disidentification (Hypothesis 3). We explore whether social class background affects long‐term identity incompatibility, or whether identity incompatibility affects long‐term disidentification by comparing two mediation models. Hypotheses 1 and 3 were supported cross‐sectionally in a large sample (N = 2768), and longitudinally in a sub‐sample 1.5 years later (N = 591). The data demonstrate that social class background has a long‐term effect on incompatibility, which is related to disidentification. Hypothesis 2 was also supported in a (partly overlapping) sub‐sample (N = 1077). The current research demonstrates that students with low social class background suffer from identity‐related adaptation problems that affect their academic trajectories.
The promise of space—Prospect for a brighter future or tourist destination?
Authors: Waltemathe Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space from 1962 describes space as a new frontier that is understood by the United Nations as an inspiration and a prospect for a brighter future for humanity. The declaration describes space in almost religious terms and commits nations to high standards conduct when engaging in space exploration. With the advent of NewSpace and private actors in space exploration it seems necessary to look at the spirit and the religious undertones of the declaration and see where it is still applicable and where a comparison of space exploration and the religious promise of the original declaration can help shape the future of space exploration today.
Clinical course of pain intensity in individuals with cerebral palsy: A prognostic systematic review
Authors: Shearer Heather M. , Verville Leslie , Côté Pierre , Hogg‐Johnson Sheilah , Fehlings Darcy L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the clinical course of pain intensity in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) resulting from usual care or specific interventions.MethodWe conducted an exploratory prognostic systematic review searching electronic databases from inception to 31st December 2021. Evidence from low and moderate risk‐of‐bias studies was synthesized.ResultsWe retrieved 2275 citations; 18 studies met the inclusion criteria and 10 were synthesized. The course of pain intensity in children with CP receiving usual care was stable over 15 weeks (χ2[2] = 1.8, p = 0.5). Children who received continuous intrathecal baclofen (CITB) reported significant pain intensity reduction (visual analogue scale [VAS] = −4.2 out of 10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −6.3 to −2.1]) 6 months postinsertion but similar children receiving usual care had no significant change over 6 months (VAS = 1.3 out of 10, 95% CI = −1.3 to 3.6). Children receiving botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) injections had significant decreases in pain after 1 month (numeric rating scale = −6.5, 95% CI = −8.0 to −5.0). Adults with chronic pain receiving usual care reported stable pain intensity over time; pain intensity improved in ambulatory adults exercising and those treated surgically for cervical myelopathy.InterpretationThe course of pain intensity in individuals with CP is unclear. Evidence suggests that children and adults receiving usual care had stable pain intensity over the short or long term. Interventions (CITB and BoNT‐A in children and exercise and surgical treatment for cervical myelopathy in adults) had pain intensity reduction. Larger study samples are needed to confirm these results.What this paper adds

Pain intensity was stable in children with cerebral palsy (CP) receiving usual care.
Adults with CP and chronic pain receiving usual care had stable, persistent pain intensity.
Children receiving continuous intrathecal baclofen via pump and botulinum neurotoxin A reported significantly lower pain intensities.
Adults with chronic pain and dyskinetic CP and cervical myelopathy reported significantly lower pain intensity with exercise or cervical decompression.
Limited high‐quality evidence exists describing non‐procedural pain changes in individuals with CP.
Agenesis of the venous duct with abnormal return of the umbilical vein into the superior vena cava: A case report
Authors: Mori Hidehiro , Kawasaki Yuki , Murakami Yosuke , Fujino Mitsuhiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Nakamura Kae , Yoshida Yoko , Suzuki Tsugutoshi , Ehara Eiji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAgenesis of the venous duct is rare, with an incidence rate of .04%–.6%. Abnormal drainage of the umbilical vein (UV) to superior vena cava (SVC) is seen in .5% of agenesis of the venous duct cases. We present a case of agenesis of the venous duct with drainage of the UV into the SVC accompanied by tetralogy of Fallot.Case presentationThe fetus was diagnosed with agenesis of the venous duct and tetralogy of Fallot at 29 gestational weeks. The UV directly returned to the SVC. Cardiomegaly and pericardial effusion were observed but did not deteriorate. The female infant was born at 40 gestational weeks. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed that the UV was occluded at its proximal aspect. No abnormality of the portal system was noted. The infant underwent intracardiac repair and was doing well at 16 months of age.Discussion/ConclusionAlthough the extrahepatic drainage type of agenesis of the venous duct is occasionally associated with heart failure and hydrops, severe hydrops was absent in this case. It was speculated that vascular resistance in the long pathway to the SVC restricted direct inflow from the UV. Portosystemic shunts and agenesis of the portal system are reported complications of agenesis of the venous duct. Prenatal agenesis of the venous duct diagnosis may be crucial for early postnatal diagnosis of these conditions.
Responses of soil fauna communities to the individual and combined effects of multiple global change factors
Authors: Peng Yan , Peñuelas Josep , Vesterdal Lars , Yue Kai , Peguero Guille , Fornara Dario A. , Heděnec Petr , Steffens Christina , Wu Fuzhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoil fauna plays a key role in regulating biogeochemical cycles, but how multiple global change factors (GCFs) may affect faunal communities remains poorly studied. We conducted a meta‐analysis using 1154 observations to evaluate the individual and combined effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen (N) addition, warming, increased rainfall and drought on soil fauna density and diversity. Here we show that, overall, individual and combined effects of GCFs had negligible effects on soil fauna density and diversity, except that density was negatively affected by drought (−27.4%) and positively affected by increased rainfall individually (+24.9%) and in combination with N addition (+67.3%) or warming (+70.4%). GCF effects varied among taxonomic groups both in magnitude and direction. Variables such as latitude, elevation and experimental setting significantly impacted both individual and combined effects. Our results suggest that soil fauna density is affected by changed rainfall regimes, while diversity is resistant against individual and combined effects of multiple GCFs.
Comparative study of keratinocyte primary culture methods from paediatric skin biopsies for RNA‐sequencing
Authors: Salik Déborah , El Kaderi Yousra , Hans Christine , Lefort Anne , Libert Frederick , Smits Guillaume 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundKeratinocyte culture is a standard method used to study gene expression, cell differentiation and proliferation. Numerous protocols exist, however their application is frequently unsuitable for small specimens, such as 4‐mm punch skin biopsies.AimsThis study compared 3 different methods of keratinocyte culture from paediatric skin biopsies to evaluate which one ensures adequate cell growth for RNA extraction and sequencing.Materials and methodsThirty‐six skin samples were obtained from 4‐mm punch skin biopsies from residual human body material from healthy children. They were cultured in vitro according to 3 different methods: enzymatic method, epidermis explant and direct explant method. Keratinocytes were characterized by immunocytochemistry using pan‐cytokeratin. RNA extraction was performed with RNeasy Mini kit. Quantity and quality of the extracted RNA was assessed to meet the requirements of library preparation for sequencing.ResultsThe direct explant method had largely shown its superiority over the two other methods, with a 100% success rate and an average of 15 days of culture. RNA extraction yielded a mean of 8545.85 ng of RNA per sample with an RQN of 10. Cover‐clip immunochemistry staining with pan‐cytokeratin had confirmed the absence of fibroblast contamination.DiscussionAlthough the enzymatic method is the most frequently used for keratinocyte culture, it is not suitable small samples required in dermatology. The direct explant method guarantees a high growth rate and the extraction of high quality RNA. Variation in the amount of RNA harvested are related to inter‐ and intra‐individual variations and to the conditions of the experiment.ConclusionThis study allowed to conclude that the direct explant method is the most efficient and easy method to ensure cell growth when the samples are from 4‐mm punch skin biopsies. This technique avoids fibroblasts contamination and obtains a sufficient quantity and quality of RNA to sequence it.
Being a parent, emotional stability, and adjustment disorder symptoms in the face of COVID‐19
Authors: Kestler‐Peleg Miri , Pitcho‐Prelorentzos Shani , Mahat‐Shamir Michal , Kagan Maya , Lavenda Osnat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examines the correlation between emotional stability and symptoms related to adjustment to the stresses related to the pandemic for parents and nonparents at the initial stage of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Israel.BackgroundAt the early stage of the COVID‐19 outbreak, governments prohibited public gatherings and demanded social distancing. These challenges may be especially difficult for individuals with low levels of emotional stability as adaptation difficulties may lead to stress‐related outcomes, such as adjustment disorder symptoms. Additionally, in the face of a significant external threat and the demand for intensive joint familial time at home, the parental role becomes especially salient.MethodsTwo hundred forty‐four Israeli adults filled in self‐reported e‐version questionnaires regarding emotional stability, adjustment disorder symptoms, and background variables. A cross‐sectional design was used to examine the association between emotional stability and adjustment disorder symptoms, as well as the potential moderation by parenting status.ResultsThe findings revealed that the levels of emotional stability were negatively correlated with adjustment disorder symptoms, while being a parent mitigated this correlation. This correlation was nonsignificant among parents.Conclusion and ImplicationsIt appears that the identity salience of parental role in the current stressful situation and its associated strain may have overcome the advantage of emotional stability. The identity of being a parent has the potential to dismiss it. Here, the social role emerges as more forcible than the personality trait. Recommendations for practice are discussed.
The effectiveness of ūloa as a model supporting Tongan people experiencing mental distress
Authors: Vaka Sione , Hamer Helen Paris , Mesui‐Henry Anau 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article is based on a larger research project, which investigates the effectiveness of a culturally appropriate model, namely ūloa, when working with Tongan people. Ūloa is a communal method of fishing in Tonga, which includes all members of the community. A previous paper described the three phases of ūloa: presenting the concept to health providers and community groups; phase two amended the model based on phase one. This paper reports on phase three and findings related to the increased awareness of ūloa model within the mental health services and to raise awareness of how to work with Pacific people and adjust the health service to suit the needs of this population to test its effectiveness. Using reflexive thematic analysis, results highlighted a number of patterns both across the groups, described as napanapangamālie (harmony, balance), ngāue fakataha (working together/oneness), and toutai (fisher). These findings continue to support that the conventional biomedical approach employed in the mental health services overlooks elements of Tongan constructions of mental illness and the intersections between Tongan and biopsychosocial themes. Care that is based only on the ‘medicine’ rather than bringing the spiritual aspect into care planning (fake leaves) will not serve the needs of the Tongan community.
Association between sociodemographic, obstetric, and lifestyle factors among Hungarian pregnant women—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Polanek Evelin , Karai Adrienn , Molnár Regina , Németh Gábor , Orvos Hajnalka , Balogh Péter , Paulik Edit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo learn the association between sociodemographic and obstetric factors and lifestyle characteristics of pregnant women, and to identify factors that can influence pregnant women's health consciousness.MethodsA cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based study was performed among women who gave birth in Szeged in 2014–2015. Data collection was based on a self‐administered questionnaire and health documentations. Overall maternal health promoting behavior (MHPB) index was defined by summarizing the scores obtained from diet, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption.ResultsThe final analysis included 1548 mothers; 41.3% (n = 602) of the sample had healthy diet, 9.0% (n = 134) were physically active and attended special pregnancy exercise classes, 84.4% (n = 1279) did not drink alcohol, and 93.5% (n = 1447) were nonsmokers. Regarding the MHPB index, 0.8% (n = 11) of the women reached the maximum score (20), while the average was 14.8 (SD = 2.58). Advanced maternal age (p < 0.001), having a spouse or partner (p < 0.001), higher educational level (p < 0.001), planned pregnancy (p < 0.001), and early visit at pregnancy care (p = 0.046) were significantly associated with higher MHPB index.ConclusionThe lifestyle of pregnant women can have a great impact on the developing fetus, either in a positive or negative way. In order to evaluate maternal lifestyle, overall health behavior should be considered. Lifestyle of the included women was not satisfactory, an improvement in health consciousness is needed at every social level; however, the differences between the various social classes may suggest the importance of further promotion and improvement of pregnancy planning and pregnancy care among younger and lower educated women.
Barriers and Facilitators to High School Meal Program Participation: A Qualitative Study of Students and Their Caregivers
Authors: O'Donnell Alexander J. , Mansfield Dana , Loiacono Bernardo , Withington Margaret H. C. , Cory Molly , Sagan Dylan , Buscemi Joanna 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe school food environment is a critically important area to target the health of millions of students, especially those experiencing food insecurity. However, both students and caregivers have noted significant barriers to participation in the school meal program, including taste, lunchroom experience, and limited availability of fresh, healthy foods. There is a lack of qualitative research which considers both caregiver and adolescent perspectives, particularly among youth of color.METHODSForty‐seven students (77% Black) and 24 caregivers across 4 midwestern high schools participated in focus groups and key informant interviews assessing barriers and facilitators to school meal participation. We conducted thematic analysis of the data using matrix intersection queries and reviewing frequencies of relevant nodes to identify themes.RESULTSThemes about the importance of freshness and quality of the foods served in the lunchroom emerged from both students and caregivers.CONCLUSIONSFuture research may explore differences in meal participation depending on types of vender, farm to school program status, and other local variations in public schools and determine whether they increase participation, reduce food insecurity, and increase diet quality.