bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facultative cleaning of spiral‐horned antelope by the African paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone viridis)
Authors: Gijsman Finote 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn cleaning associations, individuals known as “cleaners” remove and feed on parasites and pests found on, or around, other animals known as “clients.” While best documented in marine environments and as mutualisms, cleaning associations are widespread in terrestrial systems and range along a spectrum of obligate to facultative associations. In African savannas, cleaning associations primarily comprise facultative interactions between mammals and birds that remove attached parasites. Few reports, however, exist on cleaning associations that involve the removal of unattached pests. In this short note, I report a novel facultative bird–ungulate cleaning association involving the removal of unattached pests, between the African paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone viridis) and two species of spiral‐horned antelope (Tragelaphusspp.): greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and Cape bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus). On multiple occasions, I observed African paradise flycatchers hawking flying insects around greater kudu and a Cape bushbuck during the dry season at the Mpala Research Centre in Laikipia, Kenya. These observations document a rare feeding strategy for the African paradise flycatcher and are among the few records on cleaning interactions involving the removal of unattached pests.
Differences in extracellular fluid volume between acute heart failure patients with and without high systolic blood pressure
Authors: Namba Yusuke , Yunoki Kei , Nakamura Kazufumi , Ejiri Kentaro , Oka Takefumi , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsSome reports have suggested that hypertensive acute heart failure (AHF) is caused by intravascular congestion, not interstitial congestion. We evaluated the differences in extracellular fluid volume assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) between AHF patients with and without high systolic blood pressure (sBP).MethodsThis prospective single‐centre study (UMIN000030266) included 178 patients hospitalized due to AHF between September 2017 and August 2018. We calculated extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), total body water (TBW), and ECW‐to‐TBW ratio (oedema index: EI) by BIA and evaluated conventional parameters as follows: weight, N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide values, and echocardiography parameters on admission and before discharge. One‐year outcomes included all‐cause death and re‐admission due to heart failure. We compared patients with sBP > 140 mmHg on admission [clinical scenario 1 (CS1) group] and with sBP of ≤140 mmHg on admission (non‐CS1 group).ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 79.5 ± 11.1 years, and 48.9% of the patients were female. EI on admission of 83 patients in the CS1 group was lower than that of 95 patients in the non‐CS1 group. The change in EI from admission to before discharge was no significant in the CS1 group but was significant in the non‐CS1 group. Comparing the changes from admission to before discharge between the CS1 and the non‐CS1 group, delta ECW, delta ICW, delta TBW, and delta EI of the CS1 group were significantly smaller than those of the non‐CS1 group. During the 1‐year follow‐up period after discharge of the 178 patients, the numbers of deaths and re‐admissions due to acute HF were 26 (15%) and 49 (28%), respectively. Patients with high EI before discharge [>0.408 (median)] had significantly more cardiac events than patients with low EI [hazard ratio (HR): 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–3.55]. Cox regression analysis revealed that higher EI as a continuous variable was significantly associated with worse outcome in non‐CS1 group (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.13–1.87), but not significantly associated with worse outcome in CS1 group (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.98–1.69).ConclusionsEI on admission in patients with high sBP was not elevated, and changes in ECW, ICW, TBW, and EI in patients with high sBP were smaller than those in patients without high sBP. EI measured by BIA could distinguish AHF with interstitial or intravascular congestion.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Dual Catalytic Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Ballav Tamal , Chakrabortty Rajesh , Das Aniruddha , Ghosh Suman , Ganesh Venkataraman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, synergistic dual catalysis has been in the spotlight as a robust strategy for carbon−carbon and carbon−heteroatom bond formation. This review highlights the unique strategies of dual catalysis achieved in the past two decades, involving Pd‐catalyst combined with various first‐ and second‐row transition metals (like Cr, Fe, Cu, Ru, etc.), Lewis acids (based on Yb, Mg, Ti, Al, etc.) or organocatalysts (like squaramide, CPA, and NHC) to achieve valuable heterocyclic cores. Heterocycles find wide applications in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Several organocatalysts like chiral phosphoric acid, NHC, squaramide, etc., and metal salts work in synergy with palladium to provide high‐value products taking advantage of the vast development in cross‐coupling reactions. This review is a comprehensive collection of such dual‐catalysis strategies.
Matteson Homologation of Arylboronic Esters
Authors: Kinsinger Thorsten , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCommercially available arylboronic acids can easily be converted into chiral boronic esters which can be subjected to Matteson homologations using Grignard reagents. The best results are obtained in one pot protocols without isolation of the α‐chloroboronic ester intermediates. Alkoxides can also be used as nucleophiles, but the corresponding homologated boronic esters are found to be not stable.
Winkler model for predicting the dynamic response of caisson foundations
Authors: Carbonari Sandro , Bordón Jacob D. R. , Padrón Luis A. , Morici Michele , Dezi Francesca , Aznárez Juan J. , Leoni Graziano , Maeso Orlando 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper presents a Winkler‐based numerical model for the analysis of the dynamic response of caisson foundations. The model allows the evaluation of the impedance functions and of the foundation input motion (FIM), which can be used in the framework of the substructure approach to compute inertial soil‐foundation superstructure interaction analyses. In addition, kinematic stress resultants due to seismic shear waves propagating into the soil can be estimated. The caisson is modelled as a Timoshenko beam and the soil‐caisson interaction forces are derived from the analyses of the plane‐strain vibration problem of an annular rigid ring embedded into the soil. The problem solution is obtained in the frequency domain exploiting the finite element approach and generic soil stratigraphies can be considered in the applications. The model, which is characterised by a very low computational effort, is validated by performing a parametric investigation, comparing results with those obtained from more rigorous BEM‐FEM models of the soil‐caissons systems. Finally, some applications to real caisson foundations of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are shown to demonstrate the model accuracy in capturing the seismic response of the foundations obtained from more rigorous models.
Dynamic restoration and the impact of native versus invasive vegetation on coastal foredune morphodynamics, Lanphere Dunes, California, USA
Authors: Hilgendorf Zach , Walker Ian J. , Pickart Andrea J. , Turner Craig M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Lanphere Dunes, part of the Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, has been the focus of foredune restoration efforts since the 1980s. Efforts have centred around removal of an invasive European beach grass species, Ammophila arenaria, introduced in the early 1900s to stabilize the dunes to protect landward communities from coastal flooding and storm surges. Despite effectively stabilizing the foredune, A. arenaria forms monotypic vegetation stands, with highly dense roots, rhizomes, and above‐ground biomass that can lead to pronounced scarping of the seaward slope, alongshore steering of wind and sediment, a lack of landward transfer of sand, and a steeper, more peaked profile.Effective foredune restoration must consider the coupled interactions between dominant plant type and the geomorphic processes that influence dune form. A 5 ha reach of recently restored foredune was monitored biannually with terrestrial laser scanner and uncrewed aerial systems platforms between 2015 and 2021 to characterize the impacts of dynamic restoration on foredune form and resiliency. This reach included two control plots: (1) native, non‐restored and (2) invasive, and three restored plots revegetated with native species: (3) a native grass (Elymus mollis), (4) a low‐lying herb and subshrub assemblage, and (5) a mixture of the native grass, herbs, and subshrubs.After five growing seasons, restored plots exhibited distinct geomorphic and sediment budget differences. Natively vegetated plots recovered from extensive scarping 2 years faster than the invasive plot. Restored plots saw foredune height (0.5–0.7 m) and width increase, landward extension (1 m) while maintaining a similar seaward position, and positive lee‐slope sediment budgets that exceeded both control plots (up to 0.015 m3 m−2 month−1). These results suggest that the native vegetation plots allowed increased landward sand transport across the foredune, and increased the capacity of the foredune to recover more quickly following dune scarping.
Bioinspired copper single‐atom nanozyme as a superoxide dismutase‐like antioxidant for sepsis treatment
Authors: Yang Ji , Zhang Ruofei , Zhao Hanqing , Qi Haifeng , Li Jingyun , Li Jian‐Feng , Zhou Xinyao , Wang Aiqin , Fan Kelong , Yan Xiyun , Zhang Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with high morbidity and mortality mediated by infection‐caused oxidative stress. Early antioxidant intervention by removing excessively produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of sepsis. However, traditional antioxidants have failed to improve patient outcomes due to insufficient activity and sustainability. Herein, by mimicking the electronic and structural characteristics of natural Cu‐only superoxide dismutase (SOD5), a single‐atom nanozyme (SAzyme) featuring coordinately unsaturated and atomically dispersed Cu‐N4 site was synthesized for effective sepsis treatment. The de novo‐designed Cu‐SAzyme exhibits a superior SOD‐like activity to efficiently eliminate O2•−, which is the source of multiple RONS, thus blocking the free radical chain reaction and subsequent inflammatory response in the early stage of sepsis. Moreover, the Cu‐SAzyme effectively harnessed systemic inflammation and multi‐organ injuries in sepsis animal models. These findings indicate that the developed Cu‐SAzyme possesses great potential as therapeutic nanomedicines for the treatment of sepsis.
Impact of ventilation on the fire dynamics of an open‐plan compartment with exposed timber ceiling and columns: CodeRed #02
Authors: Kotsovinos Panagiotis , Christensen Eirik G. , Rackauskaite Egle , Glew Adam , O'Loughlin Eoin , Mitchell Harry , Amin Rikesh , Robert Fabienne , Heidari Mohammad , Barber David , Rein Guillermo , Schulz Judith 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe desire by developers and architects to build mass timber buildings using cross laminated timber (CLT) and glulam has significantly increased globally in the last decade due to its benefits with regards to sustainability as well as other architectural and commercial drivers. This paper presents novel experimental evidence from CodeRed #02, the second in a series of large scale fire experiments carried out inside a purpose‐built, open‐plan compartment to capture fire dynamics in large compartments with exposed timber. The experiment used a continuous wood crib (6 × 29 m) as a controlled movable fuel load. The aim of the CodeRed #02 experiment was to study the impact of reduced ventilation on fire dynamics by keeping all other parameters the same as CodeRed #01 (Kotsovinos et al., 2022), with the exception of ventilation area which was reduced by almost half. The reduction in ventilation was found to significantly impact the fire dynamics by slowing the fire spread and burning rate. The reduced ventilation led to an increased fire duration by 4 min 30 s, which corresponds to 20% longer duration compared to CodeRed #01. The reduced ventilation had a greater overall impact on the rate of flame spread across the CLT (−23%) than the crib (−8%) compared to CodeRed #01. While the maximum temperature and incident heat fluxes inside the compartment were approximately the same as in CodeRed #01, their evolution in time and space were significantly different. The external flames were higher than in CodeRed #01 (3–3.5 m compared to 2.5–3 m) and protruded further laterally (up to ~4–5 m compared to ~1 m) outside of the compartment from the large end openings. Unlike CodeRed #01, the external flaming from CodeRed #02 pulsated between visible flames and dark soot with significantly greater frequency. This was caused by the limited ventilation resulting in incomplete combustion in CodeRed #02. The peak heat release rate of CodeRed #02 was estimated to be 16.5% lower than CodeRed #01, despite having the same fuel load. The average char depth in the ceiling, as measured at the end of the experiment, was 28 mm. This was 11% greater than in CodeRed #01 and was likely due to the increased duration of the fire. After the extinction of the flaming, smouldering occurred for CodeRed #02 as it did for CodeRed #01. One of the glulam columns lost its restraint and fell to the ground because smouldering spread through the thickness of the member. The findings from this work can help engineers quantify the hazard and therefore identify appropriate solutions for the fire safety design of exposed mass timber buildings.
Nutritional assessment models for diabetes and aging
Authors: Wen Yuxi , Liu Yuanyuan , Huang Qihui , Farag Mohamed A. , Li Xiaoqing , Wan Xuzhi , Zhao Chao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiabetes is a chronic disease, and its complexity and its various complications complicate studies in diabetes management. Aging is one of the main risk factors for diabetes, and elderly are a high‐risk group for developing the disease. In recent years, increasing evidence has revealed the underlying molecular basis for aging diabetes and its connection to related signal pathways. Several key pathways in the aging process can affect insulin secretion and induce diabetes. In this review, we propose a possible connection between diabetes and aging in terms of development timeline and molecular pathology to better understand this interaction between two diseases, especially aging diabetes. Additionally, cell and animal models associated with diabetes are summarized, as well as a summary of models currently being used to study aging diabetes, and their strengths and limitations are also presented. The explanation of these types of models would help us to better understand the relationship between type 2 diabetes and aging and provide a basis for subsequent research on disease mechanisms and/or drug development.
Complementary representations of time in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
Authors: Ning Wing , Bladon John H. , Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEpisodic memory binds the spatial and temporal relationships between the elements of experience. The hippocampus encodes space through place cells that fire at specific spatial locations. Similarly, time cells fire sequentially at specific time points within a temporally organized experience. Recent studies in rodents, monkeys, and humans have identified time cells with discrete firing fields and cells with monotonically changing activity in supporting the temporal organization of events across multiple timescales. Using in vivo electrophysiological tetrode recordings, we simultaneously recorded neurons from the prefrontal cortex and dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus while rats performed a delayed match to sample task. During the treadmill mnemonic delay, hippocampal time cells exhibited sparser firing fields with decreasing resolution over time, consistent with previous results. In comparison, temporally modulated cells in the prefrontal cortex showed more monotonically changing firing rates, ramping up or decaying with the passage of time, and exhibited greater temporal precision for Bayesian decoding of time at long time lags. These time cells show exquisite temporal resolution both in their firing fields and in the fine timing of spikes relative to the phase of theta oscillations. Here, we report evidence of theta phase precession in both the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus during the temporal delay, however, hippocampal cells exhibited steeper phase precession slopes and more punctate time fields. To disentangle whether time cell activity reflects elapsed time or distance traveled, we varied the treadmill running speed on each trial. While many neurons contained multiplexed representations of time and distance, both regions were more strongly influenced by time than distance. Overall, these results demonstrate the flexible integration of spatiotemporal dimensions and reveal complementary representations of time in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in supporting memory‐guided behavior.
Crystallography without Crystals: A Structural Study of Fakein
Authors: Gavezzotti Angelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoftware from the MiCMoS Molecular Simulation platform (sites.unimi.it/xtal_chem_group/) and from the CryGen set of programs (www.angelogavezzotti.it) is used to prepare a molecular structure from a line formula for a non‐existent molecule, dubbed ‘fakein’. Possible crystal structures are generated in chiral space groups P21 and P212121, and for racemate in space groups P1− and P21/c. Lattice energies and crystal densities are in line with experimental values for organic molecules. Chiral crystals are less stable, and may not easily form hydrogen bonds, while bulk crystal stabilization is provided mostly by polarization‐dispersion. Hydrogen bonding and crystal packing are discussed in terms of molecular pairing modes. Links to possible experiments and to absolute crystal structure prediction are outlined, but the main aim here is to demonstrate that relevant solid‐state information can be derived if that goal is not achieved, actually even if the real substance is not available.
A comparative analysis of multiple fractional solutions of generalized Couette flow of couple stress fluid in a channel
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Kumam Poom , Kumam Wiyada , Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Khan Dolat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study provides the exact solutions of couple stress fluid (CSF) in a channel. The CSF is bounded by two plates in which the lower plate is moving with constant velocity Uo and the upper plate is fixed. The influence of the external pressure gradient is considered on the CSF fluid. To transform the classical CSF model, we have introduced three approaches to fractional derivatives, (a) Caputo (b) Caputo–Fabrizio (CF), and (c) Atangana–Baleanu (AB) fractional definitions. Exact solutions have been obtained using the Laplace and finite Fourier sine transforms jointly. Furthermore, the effect of different fractional derivatives is compared, and the results are shown in graphs. Moreover, parameters that affect the CSF motion are discussed in the graphs using the computational software MATHCAD. The most important outcome of the given study is the comparison of Caputo, CF, and AB fractional models with the classical CSF model. From the comparison, it can be noticed that AB fractional model discusses the dynamics of the CSF with a good memory effect as compared to Caputo and CF fractional operators. The CSF model can be reduced to Newtonian fluid as a limiting case and also investigated solutions in the absence of external pressure. Finally, Skin friction is evaluated for lower and upper plates, and the obtained results presented in tabular form.
Metabolomic analyses redefine the biological classification of pancreatic cancer and correlate with clinical outcomes
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Teng Tianhong , Liu Wuping , Fang Yanying , Wei Binbin , Feng Jianghua , Huang Heguang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by high heterogeneity, and the postoperative prognosis of different patients often varies greatly. Therefore, the classification of pancreatic cancer patients and precise treatment becomes particularly important. In our study, 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze the 76 PDAC serum samples and identify the potential metabolic subtypes. The metabolic characteristics of each metabolic subtype were screened out and the relationship between metabolic subtype and the long‐term prognosis was further identified. The clinical stages of PDAC did not show the metabolic differences at the serum metabolomic level. And three metabolic subtypes, basic, choline‐like and amino acid‐enriched types, were defined by the hierarchical cluster analysis of the serum metabolites and the disturbed metabolic pathways. The characteristic metabolites of each PDAC subtype were identified, and the metabolite model was established to distinguish the PDAC patients in the different subtypes. Among the three metabolic subtypes, choline‐like type displayed better long‐term prognosis compared to the other two types of patients. Metabolic subtypes are of clinical importance and are closer to expressing the heterogeneity in the actual life activities of pancreatic cancer than molecular typing. The excavation of metabolic subtypes based on this will be more in line with clinical reality and more promising to guide clinical precision individualization treatment.