bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Dynamic Balance in College Students with Flat Foot and with Normal Arched Foot using Y- Balance Test
Authors: Parekh Niyati , Sudhakar S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Flat foot deformity is mostly found in adults. Talus's average turn and plantar flexion are detailed, as well as calcaneus eversion, a disintegrated average curve, and forefoot snatching. Balance is a basic requirement for performing daily activities, and it plays a critical role in maintaining bodily posture. Lower limb work has included balance as a component. The balance might be affected by a little change in strength or any instability in the muscles or joints of the lower limb.
Aim of Study: The purpose of this study is to determine Dynamic balance in college students with flat feet and normal arced feet using Y-Balance test.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 participants were recruited from Bangalore's Krupanidhi College of Physiotherapy who met the inclusion criteria. All of the subjects underwent a Navicular Drop Test and a Y-balance test.
Outcome Measures: To distinguish between Flat Foot and Normal Arched Foot, the Navicular Drop Test was utilised. The Dynamic Balance was assessed using the Y-balance test.
Statistical Tool: Unpaired t-test. Result: The P-value for the Right foot is 0.0005 and for the Left foot is 0.004, and the Mean difference for the Right side is 6.75033 and for the Left side is 8.6616, indicating that there is a significant difference in dynamic balance stability in students with Flat feet compared to students with Normal feet.
Conclusion: The study finds that students with Flat Feet have a deficit in Dynamic Balance when compared to students with Normal Arched Feet.
Dermatophytosis: An Epidemiological Study in a Tertiary Care Center in Rural Sind
Authors: Bano Shazia , Parveen Kousar , Ahmed Hafiz Bashir , Sial Sikandar Ali , Iqbal Tayyaba , Detho Amir Bux 
Published: February 2022

Aims and Objects: Dermatophytosis is a common infection worldwide, and a major public health issue. Hot, humid climates and overcrowding favor the spread of skin infection in general populations. The purpose of the study is to analyze the prevalence of disease in patients attending the outpatient department of dermatology PUMHS-W Nawabshah.
Methodology: The study type is cross-sectional, conducted at departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah, for 3 months, (June 1st, 2020 to August 31st, 2020) after written permission from ERC. A total of 93 cases were included.
Skin scraping, nail clippings, hair fragments, and scalp, samples were acquired from patients approaching the Outpatient department. Wood /s lamp examination was carried out in all patients. By using 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) on a glass slide with the sample and passing over the flame 2-3 times. After confirmation, the samples were streaked on the sterilized Sabouraud dextrose agar medium containing antibiotic, Petri plates were incubated at 25-28 °C for two weeks, all cases were directed towards the microscopic examination, and results were entered into SPSS 20 analyzed and tabulated.
Results: Out of 93 suspects 84 (90.3%) samples were positive for fungal infection, and among them, 68 (73.1%) cases gave positive growth, Male predominance is noticed with 60%.Tinea corporis 45.6%is on the top of the list causing infection and T. unguium is the least common1.5%. The adult age group 20-40yrs were more affected followed by the middle-aged group.
Conclusion: Dermatophytosis is common in the younger and adult age group, but it is prevalent in our general population irrespective of age and gender.
Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (Abies webbiana) Based Mouthwash
Authors: Iyer Prabhav Kumar , Jeevitha M. , Rajeshkumar S. , Jeyaraman Selvaraj 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Nanotechnology has been taking the scientific community by storm as they have been showing promising results due to their antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity. Multiple studies have found various plant species to be a rich source of these nanoparticles. Abies webbiana is one of these plants, however, it has not been studied enough. The aim of this study is to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles from a. Webbiana plant extract and to test its antimicrobial activity against certain microorganisms.
Materials and Methods: 1 g of a. Webbiana was mixed with 100 ml of distilled water and boiled for 15 minutes to 60°c in a heating mantle. The solution was filtered using whatman no. 1 filter paper. 20 millimolar(0.574 g) of zinc oxide was dissolved in 60 ml of distilled water. 60 ml of this solution was mixed with 40 ml of a. Webbiana filtrate in a beaker, which was then kept on a stirrer. A mouthwash was prepared using the extracted nanoparticles and was used for antimicrobial testing.
Results: The plasmon resonance band of zinc oxide nanoparticles showed absorbance peak at 450 nm. Maximum zone of inhibition was obtained at 100 μl against s. Aureus, 25 μl against e.faecalis, 50 μl against C. albicans and 100 μl against s. Mutans.
Conclusion: The mouthwash shows effective activity against c.albicans and s.mutans. Zinc oxide nanoparticles extracted from a. Webbianahave a potent antimicrobial activity and can be used for the treatment of orofacial infections.
Resistivity imaging survey of Capo Long Barrow, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Neighbour Tim , Strachan Richard , Collier Lindsey , Hobbs Bruce , Warren Graeme , Mudie George 
Published: February 2022

Non-invasive fieldwork carried out on the Neolithic long barrow at Capo, present-day Aberdeenshire (NGR: NO 633 664), has considerably enhanced our knowledge of this monument. Topographical survey has provided the first detailed record of the barrow and its environs. Resistivity imaging has revealed key elements of the structure of the long barrow, including side revetment walls, a flat façade and possible mortuary structures, confirming that the barrow at Capo is of a similar morphology to the nearby (excavated) long barrow at Dalladies. The resistivity survey has demonstrated that rabbit burrowing and the roots of the tree stumps that covered the barrow have had little effect on the integrity of the major structural elements of the monument (the revetments and façade). However, it is not possible to assess the more subtle damage, such as mixing of archaeological layers, which may have been caused. It is concluded that, whilst resistivity imaging at the survey density employed here is time-consuming and would not be appropriate at many sites, as a management tool and as a means to explore sites that are unavailable for excavation, such as scheduled ancient monuments, it has been demonstrated to be of considerable value.
CHILDBEARING EXPERIENCES OF ABUSED HISPANIC WOMEN
Authors: Records Kathie , Rice Michael 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTPrevious research has documented that abused childbearing women have longer and more difficult labors than non‐abused women. Prevalence of abuse differs depending on the ethnic group involved. Hispanic women experience higher rates of abuse and endure higher rates before reporting abuse than do Caucasian women. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of childbearing for abused Hispanic women to provide guidance for clinical practice and further research. Cognitive dissonance theory guided the study. A sample of seven abused Hispanic women was recruited from a rural prenatal clinic. Criteria for selection of subjects included self‐identification as Hispanic, less than 24 months postpartum, disclosure of abuse status, and willingness to be interviewed in English or Spanish. An acculturation scale and demographic form were completed. Interviews were conducted individually, and data were analyzed by using Van Kaam's 12‐step psycho‐phenomenologic technique. Findings indicated that subjects experienced the normal responses associated with having a baby. However, the women also demonstrated a kindled neuroendocrine trauma response that was based on, and often similar to, their prior abuse experiences. The kindled emotional response was triggered by the normative events of childbearing. Understanding of the childbearing experiences of abused Hispanic women will facilitate the development of cultural‐specific interventions that may ease the difficulties associated with birth for these women.
Selective Flocculation and Precipitation for the Improvement of Virus‐Like Particle Recovery from Yeast Homogenate
Authors: Tsoka Sophia , Ciniawskyj Ohla C. , Thomas Owen R. T. , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. , Hoare Michael 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe purification of an intracellular product from a complex mixture of contaminants after cell disruption is a common problem in processes downstream of fermentation systems. This is particularly challenging for the recovery of particulate (80 nm in diameter) multimeric protein products, named virus‐like particles (VLPs), from cell debris and other intracellular components. Selective flocculation for debris removal followed by selective precipitation of the target protein can be used as a preclarification step to aid purification. In this paper, selective borax flocculation of cell debris in yeast homogenate, followed by selective poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation of VLPs are defined with a view to demonstrating their potential in aiding the initial clarification stages of the purification sequence. The translation from laboratory scale to pilot scale operation is addressed, demonstrating the challenge of scale‐up of solid‐liquid separation stages for biological particle processing.
Model Process for Removal of Caseins from Milk of Transgenic Animals
Authors: Morçöl Tülin , He Qing , Bell Steve J. D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe describe a method for selective removal of caseins from milk. The method was developed as a model for transgenic milk processing. Raw cow milk spiked with nonmilk proteins was chosen as the model to resemble transgenic animal milk containing recombinant proteins. The most important elements of the process are (1) “deconstruction” of casein micelles in milk by destroying their Ca2+ core using a chelating agent (EDTA), thus freeing any protein that might be entrapped in casein aggregates, and (2) “reconstruction” of micelles by providing them with a new Ca2+ core, thus precipitating them away from the whey proteins, and the protein of interest. Calcium phosphate particles (CAP) were used to reform the disrupted casein micelles. The crystal clear supernatant fraction generated by this method provided >90% recovery and 6‐ to 13‐fold concentration of the desired protein. Product‐rich supernatant contained no detectable casein residues, as silver‐stained SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analyses demonstrated.
High‐Yield Recovery of Xanthan by Precipitation with Isopropyl Alcohol in a Stirred Tank
Authors: Galindo Enrique , Albiter Verónica 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMicrobial polysaccharides (xanthan being the most successful example) are important commercial products having a wide range of applications in a variety of industries. Production processes of xanthan typically involve aseptic fermentation and a number of downstream operations. A key issue in the economics of the production of biopolymers such as xanthan is its recovery. This operation is commonly performed by precipitation with low molecular weight aliphatic alcohols. In this work, three particular aspects were evaluated: the effect of the electrolyte concentration (KCl), the amount of alcohol, and the heat treatment of the fermentation broths on the precipitation yield and on the quality of the final product. A Rushton turbine and a marine propeller were used as mixing devices. Dehydrated−reconstituted fermentation broths to which the ionic strength was adjusted (with NaCl) to a value close to that exhibited by an actual broth, behaved&&mdash;;from the precipitation point of view&&mdash;;as fresh broths. The Rushton turbine gave slightly higher yields as stirring speed was higher. On the other hand, the marine propeller showed a pronounced drop in yield as stirring speed was increased. In both cases, composition analysis (xanthan as equivalent sugars, nitrogen, and ash) revealed that lower yields were associated with higher precipitate purities. This means that mixing conditions importantly determine the quality of the product and can be fixed to meet a given specification. However, it is clear that a compromise has to be established between quantity and quality. The heat treatment applied to the broths substantially improved the precipitation yields, compared with nontreated broths. On the basis of precipitable solids, using 2% (w/wgum) KCl as a electrolyte and two volumes of alcohol per volume of broth, a recovery of 80% was achieved in the heat‐treated broths (as compared with 65% in the nontreated broths). When 2 volumes of alcohol per volume of broth were used, the increase of electrolyte (KCl) concentration from 2% (w/wgum) to 3% increased precipitation yield (on the basis of precipitable solids) from 70 to 80%. Increasing further the electrolyte concentration (up to 5%, w/wgum) improved the yield only slightly. In general, the effect of KCl concentration on the precipitation y ield was very similar in heat‐treated broths than in nontreated broths. When 3% (w/wgum) KCl was used as electrolyte and 1:1.4 volumes of alcohol per volume of broth were employed in order to precipitate xanthan from heat‐treated, reconstituted broths (containing 25 kg m−3of xanthan), yields up to 99% (based on xanthan) were achieved.
Thermodynamics of Metabolic Pathways for Penicillin Production: Analysis of Thermodynamic Feasibility and Free Energy Changes During Fed‐Batch Cultivation
Authors: De Noronha Pissarra Pedro , Nielsen Jens 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the thermodynamic analysis of pathways related to penicillin production in Penicillium chrysogenum. First a thermodynamic feasibility analysis is performed of the l‐lysine pathway of which one of the precursors for penicillin biosynthesis (α‐aminoadipic acid) is an intermediate. It is found that the l‐lysine pathway in P. chrysogenum is thermodynamically feasible and that the calculated standard Gibbs free energy values of the two enzymes controlling the pathway flux indicate that they operate far from equilibrium. It is therefore proposed that the regulation of α‐aminoadipate reductase by lysine is important to maintain a high concentration of α‐aminoadipate in order to direct the carbon flux to penicillin production. Secondly the changes in Gibbs free energy in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway during fed‐batch cultivation were studied. The analysis showed that all reactions in the pathway were thermodynamically irreversible at physiological conditions during fed‐batch cultivations. Furthermore it was observed that the higher thermodynamic driving force of IAT could explain why penicillin is mainly formed from isopenicillin N in a one‐step reaction, as it has been previously proposed.
Improved Erythromycin Production in a Genetically Engineered Industrial Strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Authors: Minas Wolfgang , Brünker Peter , Kallio Pauli T. , Bailey James E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn industrial erythromycin production strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea spp. was used to demonstrate that careful genetic engineering can significantly improve productivity. The chromosomally integrated Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vhb) was shown to enhance the final titer of erythromycin by some 70% compared to the original S. erythraea spp. Overall, specific erythromycin yields were about 2.5 g of erythromycin/g of total protein for S. erythraea::vhb but <1 for the S. erythraea spp. The maximum rates of biosynthesis were 57.5 mg of erythromycin/(L/h) and 24.3 mg/(L/h) for the recombinant strain S. erythraea::vhb and S. erythraea spp., respectively. Overall space−time yield was 100% higher for the S. erythraea::vhb fermentation (1.1 g of erythromycin/(L/day)) than for the S. erythraea spp. fermentation (0.56 g of erythromycin/(L/day)). The genetic stability of the recombinant strain was high, and no selective pressure was needed throughout the cultivations. Expression of functional Vitreoscilla hemoglobin throughout the cultivations was verified by CO difference spectrum assays.
Structured Model‐Based Analysis and Control of the Hyaluronic Acid Fermentation by Streptococcuszooepidemicus: Physiological Implications of Glucose and Complex‐Nitrogen‐Limited Growth
Authors: Cooney M. J. , Goh L.‐T. , Lee P. L. , Johns M. R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe hyaluronic acid (HA) fermentation by Streptococcus zooepidemicus under anaerobic and aerated conditions in glucose‐complex media was well described by a structured, two‐compartment model. The two‐compartment model framework was found to be robust, easily adaptable, and able to predict the transient consumption of substrates and formation of products. Aerobic culture produced a substantially higher concentration of HA than an equivalent anaerobic culture; however biomass‐specific growth rate and yield were lower due to partial inhibition by hydrogen peroxide. The model was then used to investigate the physiological implications of glucose and complex‐nitrogen‐limited growth on the anaerobic production of hyaluronic acid (HA). Glucose‐limited growth agreed well with model predictions, although the HA molecular weight was lower than expected even though the absolute HA concentration remained unaffected. Heterofermentative growth was also observed for growth rates below 0.1 h−1. Despite a comparatively lower specific growth rate, the biomass yield was higher; however the metabolic shift did not significantly affect HA production. For complex‐nitrogen‐limited growth, diauxic growth on complex‐nitrogen (yeast extract) was observed and explained by partitioning the array of nitrogen components into two distinct but homogeneous pools. While nitrogen‐limited growth was found to increase the HA to biomass yield, like that observed under glucose‐limited growth, the resulting HA molecular weight was reduced.
A systematic study on structural and dielectric properties of lead zirconate titanate/(Pb,La)(Zr(1−x)Ti(x))O3 thin films deposited by metallo-organic decomposition technology
Authors: Zhu W. , Liu Z. Q. , Lu W. , Tse M. S. , Tan H. S. , Yao X. 
Published: July 2002

Pin-hole free ferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr1−xTix)O3 thin films with uniform composition have been fabricated using the metallo-organic precursor compounds, which were carefully home synthesized. The structural development, spectroscopic, and dielectric properties of these films have been systematically investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman scattering, and dielectric measurements. It has been found from our experimental results of PZT 40/60 thin films that the overlapping of (h00) and (00l) peaks of these films in x-ray diffraction patterns, mainly due to the small grain sizes in films, makes it very difficult to distinguish individual diffraction peaks and to identify the phases. However, Raman measurements undoubtedly reveal the Raman spectra of these films in the tetragonal phase field, demonstrating that Raman spectroscopy is an effective tool to identify structures, especially in the case of thin films having very small grains. AFM results show that the PZT perovskite structure in films may grow radially by rosettes and that microcracks appear in the three-dimensional AFM pictures at grain boundaries, which may be the cause for easy dielectric breakdown.
A striking feature of the AFM observation is that three polycrystalline perovskite regions intersect symmetrically at a point with 120° to each other, and a rosette growth model for the perovskite structure in PZT films is thus proposed to explain this new phenomenon. The excellent ferroelectric properties of these films, such as the high fatigue resistance and low leakage current, are attributed to the high quality of the metallo-organic solutions and to reduce the amount of oxygen vacancies in the films by optimizing the annealing conditions and by doping a suitable amount of La ions to minimize the charge blocking of oxygen vacancy at the interface by Pt electrode. It seems that the rhombohedral PZT films with softer hysteresis loops are suitable for nonvolatile random access memory application.
The photoionization spectra of effusive and supersonic molecular beams of monosilane
Authors: Ding A. , Cassidy R. A. , Cordis L. S. , Lampe F. W. 
Published: July 2002

Effusive and supersonic molecular beams of monosilane have been ionized by photons from the Berlin synchrotron light source (BESSY). Photoionization efficiency curves have been taken as a function of wavelength (50 to 120 nm) for a number of fragment ions. The main products observed are SiH+3 and SiH+2 . No appreciable SiH+4 could be detected and less than 5% of the signal was due to lower fragments (SiH+, Si+). The threshold energies Ethr, the standard enthalpy of formation ΔH○f,g of the fragment ions SiH+2 and SiH+3 and the ionization potentials Iz of the corresponding radicals have been determined to be SiH+2:   Ethr=11.67±0.04 eV ΔH○f,g=276.3±0.9 kcal/mol, Iz(SiH2)=9.47±0.03 eV.
SiH+3: Ethr=12.23±0.02 eV, ΔHf,g=237.1±0.6 kcal/mol, Iz(SiH3)=8.32±0.07 eV. Discrete structure in the photoionization curves is observed in the range of Ethr=15.8–17.6 eV and interpreted as vibrational progressions of a highly excited autoionizing state of SiH4 which lies 15.8 eV above the ground state. Vibrational constants have been found to be 1790±80 and 680±50 cm−1 which correspond to the ground state constants 2187 and 711 cm−1 of the ν1 and the ν2 modes of monosilane. The broadening of some lines in the progression is interpreted as being caused by a transition into a dissociative excited neutral state with lifetimes as short as 3×10−14 s for v=3 of the ν2 mode. Additional ions (predominantly Si2H+4, Si2H+6, Si2H+7) have been observed when photoionizing a supersonic molecular beam of monosilane. These are shown to stem from the ionization and subsequent fragmentation of dimers and possibly higher multimeres. Threshold values have been determined to be Si2H+4: 11.58±0.02 eV; Si2H+6: 11.4 eV; and Si2H+7: 11.4 eV.