bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased incidence of Graves' disease during the SARS‐CoV2 pandemic
Authors: Barajas Galindo David E. , Ramos Bachiller Beatriz , González Roza Lucía , García Ruiz de Morales José María , Sánchez Lasheras Fernando , González Arnáiz Elena , Ariadel Cobo Diana , Ballesteros Pomar María D. , Rodríguez Isidoro Cano 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 has a wide spectrum of clinical severity and there is evidence that SARS‐Cov2 affects several organs and systems. Among the organs affected since the beginning of the pandemic, the relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and thyroid involvement has been demonstrated. Novel and highly effective messenger RNA and DNA‐based vaccines have been rapidly developed to decrease SARS‐CoV‐2 morbidity and mortality. Early after mass vaccinations, cases of thyroid dysfunction mainly including episodes of subacute thyroiditis, began to be reported like adverse effects. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of the pandemic, both due to SARS‐CoV2 infections and vaccinations, on the incidence of Graves' disease (GD).MethodsCross‐sectional, observational study comparing incidence of GD in adult population (over 18 years) before (2017–2019) and after (2020–2021) Covid‐19 pandemic. Only patients with new cases of GD, no relapsed diseases, were included. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was based on nucleic acid amplification tests on nasopharyngeal swabs or measurement of class M and class G antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 by highly specific assays. Data on incidence and vaccination related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were obtained from the public records from Castilla y León autonomous regional government.ResultsA total of 180 subjects were diagnosed and treated for GD during the study period. We observed a notable increase in expected GD cases in 2021 compared to 2017–19. The number of GD cases was higher in the second (Q2) quarter. Among 2021 GD cases, 42/66 patients (63.6%) had been vaccinated in the 90 days before symptom onset, but none of them in the first quarter of the year. A total of 97.7% were women with a mean age of 48.9 (SD 15.6) years. On average they were diagnosed 19.9 (SD 17.6) days after receiving the vaccine. A total of 7/42 (16.67%) had another previously diagnosed autoimmune disease and 11/42 (26.19%) were smokers.DiscussionOur results show a notable increase in the incidence of GD during the year 2021, specially in women with a history of smoking. Hyper activation of the immune system induced by SARS‐CoV2 and by the recently released SARS‐COV‐2 vaccines has been highlighted in recent months. To assess whether this observed increase in the incidence of GD is sustained in the coming years or has simply been a precipitous trigger for individuals who were already predisposed to develop the disease, future studies will be needed.
Five approaches to producing actionable science in conservation
Authors: Carr Kelman Candice , Barton Chris J. , Whitman Kyle , Lhoest Simon , Anderson Derrick M. , Gerber Leah R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe knowledge produced by conservation scientists must be actionable in order to address urgent conservation challenges. To understand the process of creating actionable science, we interviewed 71 conservation scientists who had participated in 1 of 3 fellowship programs focused on training scientists to become agents of change. Using a grounded theory approach, we identified 16 activities that these researchers employed to make their scientific products more actionable. Some activities were more common than others and, arguably, more foundational. We organized these activities into 3 nested categories (motivations, strategies, and tactics). Using a co‐occurrence matrix, we found that most activities were positively correlated. These correlations allowed us to identify 5 approaches, framed as profiles, to actionable science: the discloser, focused on open access; the educator, focused on science communication; the networker, focused on user needs and building relationships; the collaborator, focused on boundary spanning; and the pluralist, focused on knowledge coproduction resulting in valuable outcomes for all parties. These profiles build on one another in a hierarchy determined by their complexity and level of engagement, their potential to support actionable science, and their proximity to ideal coproduction with knowledge users. Our results provide clear guidance for conservation scientists to generate actionable science to address the global biodiversity conservation challenge.
Quantifying and mapping species threat abatement opportunities to support national target setting
Authors: Mair Louise , Amorim Eduardo , Bicalho Monira , Brooks Thomas M. , Calfo Vincente , de T. Capellão Renata , Clubbe Colin , Evju Marianne , Fernandez Eduardo P. , Ferreira Gláucia C. , Hawkins Frank , Jiménez Randall R. , Jordão Lucas S. B. , Kyrkjeeide Magni Olsen , Macfarlane Nicholas B. W. , Mattos Bianca C. , de Melo Pablo H. A. , Monteiro Lara M. , Nic Lughadha Eimear , Pougy Nina , Raimondo Domitilla C. , Setsaas Trine Hay , Shen Xiaoli , de Siqueira Marinez Ferreira , Strassburg Bernardo B. N. , McGowan Philip J. K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe successful implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity's post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will rely on effective translation of targets from global to national level and increased engagement across diverse sectors of society. Species conservation targets require policy support measures that can be applied to a diversity of taxonomic groups, that link action targets to outcome goals, and that can be applied to both global and national data sets to account for national context, which the species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric does. To test the flexibility of STAR, we applied the metric to vascular plants listed on national red lists of Brazil, Norway, and South Africa. The STAR metric uses data on species’ extinction risk, distributions, and threats, which we obtained from national red lists to quantify the contribution that threat abatement and habitat restoration activities could make to reducing species’ extinction risk. Across all 3 countries, the greatest opportunity for reducing plant species’ extinction risk was from abating threats from agricultural activities, which could reduce species’ extinction risk by 54% in Norway, 36% in South Africa, and 29% in Brazil. Species extinction risk could be reduced by a further 21% in South Africa by abating threats from invasive species and by 21% in Brazil by abating threats from urban expansion. Even with different approaches to red‐listing among countries, the STAR metric yielded informative results that identified where the greatest conservation gains could be made for species through threat‐abatement and restoration activities. Quantifiably linking local taxonomic coverage and data collection to global processes with STAR would allow national target setting to align with global targets and enable state and nonstate actors to measure and report on their potential contributions to species conservation.
Current status, application, and challenges of the interpretability of generative adversarial network models
Authors: Wang Sulin , Zhao Chengqiang , Huang Lingling , Li Yuanwei , Li Ruochen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe generative adversarial network (GAN) is one of the most promising methods in the field of unsupervised learning. Model developers, users, and other interested people are highly concerned about the GAN mechanism where the generative model and the discriminative model learn from each other in a gameplay manner, which generates a causal relationship among output features, internal network structure, feature extraction process, and output results. Through the study of the interpretability of GANs, the validity, reliability, and robustness of the application of GANs can be verified, and the weaknesses of the GANs in specific applications can be diagnosed, which can provide support for designing better network structures. It can also improve security and reduce the decision‐making and prediction risks brought by GANs. In this article, the study of the interpretability of GANs is explored, and ways of the evaluation of the application effect of GAN interpretability techniques are analyzed. Besides, the effect of interpretable GANs in fields such as medical treatment and military is discussed, and current limitations and future challenges are demonstrated.
Geographies of Monetary Exclusion in Kenyan Slums: Financial Inclusion in Question
Authors: Dissaux Tristan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTFinancial inclusion has become a prominent development policy objective. Its promotion rests on the understanding that poverty and underdevelopment mainly result from financial constraints that individuals face. Better access to financial services, in particular via the use of mobile money services, is supposed to lift these constraints and allow for growth and development. After outlining this dominant approach and detailing its theory of change, this article challenges it on the basis of the mesoeconomic study (at territorial level) of areas particularly targeted by financial inclusion policies: Kenyan informal settlements. The study of their geography of money shows how the socio‐spatial flows of money shape people's economic constraints and opportunities. Based on this empirical account, it is argued that the poor are, first and foremost, in a situation of monetary exclusion, rather than being primarily financially constrained. The article conceptualizes monetary exclusion and highlights the theory and policy implications of this situation.
“CONVENTIONAL” MONETARY POLICY IN OLG MODELS: REVISITING THE ASSET‐SUBSTITUTION CHANNEL
Authors: Hu Guanliang , Ma Guoxuan , Qiao Wei , Wallace Neil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConventional monetary policy involves actions by the monetary and fiscal authorities: the former sets a nominal interest rate and the latter sets lump‐sum taxes to finance the implied flow of interest payments on government debt. We model such policy within an overlapping generations framework and show that absent any other frictions the magnitude of the nominal interest rate gives rise to asset substitution between government debt and either private debt or capital—substitution that has both real and nominal effects. Such substitution is not in standard New Keynesian models because their dynastic specification implies that government debt is not net wealth.
Drug‐induced accelerated nodulosis: review of the literature
Authors: Palmeiro Ana G. , Lourenço Maria H. , Miroux‐Catarino Alexandre , Crispim Inês , Branco Jaime C. , Viana Isabel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccelerated nodulosis, the rapid progression/extension of preexisting nodules, is a recognized complication of immunomodulatory therapy, occurring mostly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. As of today, its physiopathology remains incompletely understood, and there are no standardized guidelines regarding its management. Here, we conduct a literature review of the reported cases of drug‐induced accelerated nodulosis and add our case of a 79‐year‐old female with an atypical clinical presentation.
Evaluation of the characteristics of root canal calcification after regenerative endodontic procedures: A retrospective cohort study over 3 years
Authors: Jiang Xijun , Dai Yunfei , Liu He 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of root canal calcification after regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) during long‐term follow‐up.DesignData of children who underwent REPs and were followed up for >3 years in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China, from January 2013 to January 2019, were collected. All the patients were treated by the protocol of REPs based on the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) protocol. A total of 91 teeth of 54 boys and 37 girls (average age 10.4 ± 1.9 years) with follow‐up duration >3 years were included. The follow‐up duration ranged from 36 to 92 months (average, 53.2 ± 13.4 months). The prevalence, contributing factors, and long‐term prognoses of root canal calcification after REPs are discussed. Independent t‐test and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe incidence of root canal calcification was 78% (71/91). The use of calcium hydroxide paste was significantly correlated with the occurrence of root canal calcification (p < .05). Some teeth showed aggravation of calcification with time; however, not all teeth showed calcification after longer follow‐up duration.ConclusionsTeeth treated with REPs had a relatively high probability of root canal calcification detection during the long‐term follow‐up. The occurrence of calcification is related to the use of calcium hydroxide paste but does not affect the long‐term prognosis of teeth.
Abusive supervision and employee well‐being of nursing staff: Mediating role of occupational stress
Authors: Shih Fang‐Chi , Yeh Shu‐Chuan Jennifer , Hsu Wan‐Ling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe study examined whether occupational stress mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and well‐being of nursing staff.DesignA cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was administered.MethodsData were collected at three‐time points between July 2020 and January 2021. A total of 313 valid responses were obtained from nurses working in a general hospital in Taiwan. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and the bootstrap method.ResultsAbusive supervision was positively associated with occupational stress (β = 0.288, SE = 0.069, 95% CI [0.152, 0.423]) and negatively associated with employee well‐being, including psychological (β = −0.350, SE = 0.084, 95% CI [−0.515, −0.186]), physical (β = −0.301, SE = 0.080, 95% CI [−0.459, −0.143]) and social well‐being (β = −0.422, SE = 0.121, 95% CI [−0.661, −0.183]). Occupational stress was negatively related to employee well‐being. A mediation analysis with bootstrapping revealed that occupational stress mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and employee well‐being, which included psychological (95% bootstrap CI [−0.183, −0.046]), physical (95% bootstrap CI [−0.212, −0.062]) and social well‐being (95% bootstrap CI [−0.178, −0.040]).ConclusionAbusive supervision influences employee well‐being. Occupational stress mediates the relationship between abusive supervision and employee well‐being. To improve employee well‐being, hospital administrators should develop policies for effectively managing nursing supervisors' abusive behaviour and subordinates' stress management.ImpactAbusive supervision increased the occupational stress of employees and influenced their well‐being. Thus, educational courses should be implemented to train supervisors to practice positive leadership and treat employees fairly. Promoting stress management among nursing staff may lead to the prompt reporting of abusive events and improved employee well‐being.No Patient or Public ContributionThis study investigated the relationship between the abusive supervision and employee well‐being of nursing employees. No patient or public contribution is involved in this study.
Ablation of atrial fibrillation beyond pulmonary vein isolation: Do additional ablation lesions impact left atrial function?
Authors: Reynbakh Olga , Garcia Mario , Romero Jorge , Patel Hardikkumar , Braunstein Eric D. , Fazzari Melissa , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionElectrical isolation of pulmonary veins (PVI) is a cornerstone for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The overall effect of AF ablation, and especially lesions beyond PVI, on left atrial (LA) function is currently poorly understood. Our aim was to determine if LA function is different in patients after extensive LA ablation compared to PVI only. We performed non‐inferiority analysis of LA function after PVI with additional nonpulmonary vein ablation lesions in LA (PVI+) and PVI alone.MethodsWe studied 68 patients consecutive patients who underwent AF ablation and who had complete transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) within 12 months before AF ablation and 1−12 months after the procedure. Patients were stratified into two groups: PVI only and PVI+. Primary outcome was change in LA reservoir strain (LASr). Noninferiority margin was defined at 6%.ResultsThe PVI only group had a higher proportion of patients with paroxysmal AF (70% vs. 30%). The PVI+ group was observed to have a slightly higher increase in LASr compared to PVI alone (5.0% vs. 4.3%, p < .01 for noninferiority). LASr noninferiority was confirmed when adjusted for age, sex, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, and AF type, rhythm at preprocedure TTE in a multivariable linear regression model, 90% CI (−5.46 to 2.04), p < .01.ConclusionLA functional improvement evaluated by LASr was noninferior after PVI with additional LA ablation lesions compared to PVI alone. These findings were confirmed when adjusted for confounding clinical variables, suggesting that more extensive ablation does not negatively affect LA function.
Protection of primary cilia is an effective countermeasure against the impairment of osteoblast function induced by simulated microgravity
Authors: Liu Jing , Leng Fei‐Fan , Gao Yu‐Hai , He Wen‐Fang , Wang Ju‐Fang , Xian Cory J. , Ma Hui‐Ping , Chen Ke‐Ming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe molecular mechanism for the microgravity‐induced decrease in bone formation remains unclear and there is a lack of effective specific preventative therapies. We recently reported that primary cilia of osteoblasts became shorter and even disappeared when the cells were exposed to random positioning machine (RPM)‐simulated microgravity and that the microgravity‐induced loss of osteogenic potential of osteoblasts could be attenuated when the resorption of primary cilia was prevented by treatment with 0.1 μM cytochalasin D. In the current study, it was further found that the loss of the osteogenic capacity of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) was associated with the inhibition of the BMP‐2/Smad1/5/8 signalling pathway, of which most of the signalling proteins including BMP‐2, BMPRII, Smad1/5/8 and p‐Smad1/5/8 were found localized to primary cilia. Accompanying the resorption of primary cilia following the cells being exposed to simulated microgravity, the expression levels of these signalling proteins were reduced significantly. Furthermore, the expression of miRNA‐129‐3p, a microRNA previously reported to control cilium biogenesis, was found to be reduced quickly and changed in a similar tendency with the length of primary cilia. Moreover, overexpression of miRNA‐129‐3p in ROBs significantly attenuated microgravity‐induced inhibition of BMP‐2 signalling and loss of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. These results indicated the important role of miRNA‐129‐3p in microgravity‐induced resorption of primary cilia of osteoblasts and the potential of replenishing the miRNA‐129‐3p as an effective countermeasure against microgravity‐induced loss of primary cilia and impairment of osteoblast function.
Diet and habit explain head‐shape convergences in natricine snakes
Authors: Deepak V. , Gower David J. , Cooper Natalie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe concept of ecomorphs, whereby species with similar ecologies have similar phenotypes regardless of their phylogenetic relatedness, is often central to discussions regarding the relationship between ecology and phenotype. However, some aspects of the concept have been questioned, and sometimes species have been grouped as ecomorphs based on phenotypic similarity without demonstrating ecological similarity. Within snakes, similar head shapes have convergently evolved in species living in comparable environments and/or with similar diets. Therefore, ecomorphs could exist in some snake lineages, but this assertion has rarely been tested for a wide‐ranging group within a single framework. Natricine snakes (Natricinae) are ecomorphologically diverse and currently distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe and north‐central America. They are primarily semiaquatic or ground‐dwelling terrestrial snakes, but some are aquatic, burrowing or aquatic and burrowing in habit and may be generalist or specialist in diet. Thus, natricines present an interesting system to test whether snakes from different major habit categories represent ecomorphs. We quantify morphological similarity and disparity in head shape among 191 of the ca. 250 currently recognized natricine species and apply phylogenetic comparative methods to test for convergence. Natricine head shape is largely correlated with habit, but in some burrowers is better explained by dietary specialism. Convergence in head shape is especially strong for aquatic burrowing, semiaquatic and terrestrial ecomorphs and less strong for aquatic and burrowing ecomorphs. The ecomorph concept is useful for understanding natricine diversity and evolution, though would benefit from further refinement, especially for aquatic and burrowing taxa.
First report of Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in Italy with insights into its identity
Authors: Scaccini Davide , Bramuzzo Davide , Bostancı Cengiz , Faccoli Massimo , Martinez‐Sañudo Isabel , Matov Alexey , Zilli Alberto , Pozzebon Alberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Asian walnut moth, Garella musculana (Erschov, 1874) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), is a major pest of walnut. Native to Central Asia, it was found to be invasive in 2008 in Sevastopol (Crimea) and nowadays widespread in Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and Russia. Here, we account for the finding of G. musculana in NE Italy (Veneto region) in 2021, where adults were found in a light lamp, representing the first record of the Asian walnut moth for this country and Western Europe. Adult specimens were identified morphologically on both external characters and genitalia features. G. musculana larvae and damage were also observed on a plantation of Juglans regia L. (Fagales: Juglandaceae) located in Veneto in October 2021. A COI‐barcoding analysis was performed to attain a molecular characterization of our specimens and probate our morphological identification. However, because no sequence of G. musculana was present in major gene databases and the similarity of our sequences with those attributed to Garella ruficirra (Hampson, 1905) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) made clear that these taxa deserved further scrutiny regarding their specific distinction. Some subtle differences in the male terminalia could be found between them and their vast geographic distributions, but the strong similarity in most features calls for further morphological and genetical insights on a broad set of samples to assess whether they represent two closely related, substantially parapatric species, or a unique, geographically varying entity. Solving this issue may turn out crucial in the identification and proper management of walnut moths of the genus Garella.