bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical exposomics and high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Aurich Dagny , Miles Owen , Schymanski Emma L 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAwareness of the exposome and its influence on health has increased in the last decade. As past exposures can cause changes in human health many years later, delving into the past is relevant for both diagnostic and prevention purposes, but remains a challenging task. Lifestyle, diet, and socioeconomic information of the past should be well documented and compatible with modern data science methods. While chemical analysis nowadays makes use of high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) for highly sensitive and comprehensive coverage of samples plus retrospective analysis, these data archives are in the very early stages. Since past measurements are often only available for a limited set of chemicals, adding to this knowledge requires careful selection of sample types and sampling sites, which may not always be available. The choice of analytes and analytical methods should be suitable for the study question which is not always clear in advance in exposomics. Data interpretation and the use of appropriate databases are indispensable for a proper exposure assessment, and as databases and knowledge grow, re-analysis of physically or digitally archived samples could enable “continuous monitoring” efforts. This review focuses on the chemical analytical approaches necessary to capture the complexity of the historical exposome. Various sample types, analytes as well as analyses and data interpretation methods are discussed in relation to chemical exposures, while the connection to health remains in focus. It ends with perspectives and challenges in assessing the historical exposome, discussing how we can “learn from the past” to build a better future.
Strengthening Resident, Proxy, and Staff Engagement in Injury Prevention in Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Xue Tingzhong (Michelle) , Colón-Emeric Cathleen S , Herndon Laurie , Hecker Emily J , Berry Sarah D , Little Milta O , McConnell Eleanor S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Engaging residents, their proxies, and skilled nursing facility (SNF) staff through effective communication has potential for improving fall-related injury prevention. The purpose of this study was to understand how multiple stakeholders develop and communicate fall-related injury prevention plans to enhance sustained implementation.

Research Design and Methods
Descriptive qualitative study using framework analysis applied to open-ended semistructured interviews (n = 28) regarding experiences of communication regarding fall-related injury prevention, guided by the Patient and Family Engaged Care framework. Participants included residents at high risk of injury and their proxies, nursing assistants, nurses, and a nurse practitioner from 3 SNFs in the Eastern United States (Massachusetts and North Carolina).

Results
Interdisciplinary teams were viewed as essential for injury prevention. However, the roles of the interdisciplinary team members were sometimes unclear. Communication structures were often hierarchical, which reduced engagement of nursing assistants and frustrated proxies. Practices that enhanced engagement included knowing the residents, active listening skills, and use of strategies for respecting autonomy. Engagement was inhibited by time constraints, lack of proactive communication among staff, and by challenges eliciting the perspectives of residents with dementia. Resident barriers included desire for autonomy, strong preferences, and language differences.

Discussion and Implications
Strengthening team meeting processes and cultivating open communication and collaboration could facilitate staff, resident, and proxy engagement in injury prevention planning and implementation. Skill building and targeting resources to improve communication can address barriers related to staff practices, resident characteristics, and time constraints.
Developing a Copyright Curriculum for Nigerian Universities for the Creative Digital Space
Authors: Andrews Samuel Samiai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the significance of teaching and learning digital copyright laws within a reformed Nigerian copyright regime. It further analyzes how an experiential and clinical teaching pedagogy, developed as part of a copyright law curriculum, will become an agency to protect, safeguard, and impel the development of Nigerian creative industries, particularly the film sector. Nigeria is Africa’s largest economy and an emerging creative industrial power. The training and expertise of its legal professionals in the knowledge and creative economy have significant impact beyond Nigeria, across the length and breadth of the other African countries. The article sets out to provide a recipe for a functional approach to the development of a digital copyright curriculum in the law faculties of Nigerian universities as a pragmatic and industry-focused way of teaching while adding value to the creative industries. The paper further examines how the law faculties of Nigerian universities could redesign their copyright curriculum to teach not just theories but, more importantly, the wider policy framework. The paper also explores how to understand the practical, business and economic systems of the creative industries. The paper uses ‘Nollywood’, the contemporary Nigerian film industry, as a case study to continue the discussion on the sustainable development of the Nigerian creative industries.
Efficacy of an Experimental Gonococcal Lipooligosaccharide Mimitope Vaccine Requires Terminal Complement
Authors: Lewis Lisa A , Gulati Sunita , Zelek Wioleta M , Morgan B Paul , Song Wen-Chao , Zheng Bo , Nowak Nancy , DeOliveira Rosane B , Sanchez Bryan , DeSouza Silva Leandro , Schuurman Janine , Beurskens Frank , Ram Sanjay , Rice Peter A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA safe and effective vaccine against multidrug-resistant gonorrhea is urgently needed. An experimental peptide vaccine called TMCP2 that mimics an oligosaccharide epitope in gonococcal lipooligosaccharide, when adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant–stable emulsion, elicits bactericidal immunoglobulin G and hastens clearance of gonococci in the mouse vaginal colonization model. In this study, we show that efficacy of TMCP2 requires an intact terminal complement pathway, evidenced by loss of activity in C9−/− mice or when C7 function was blocked. In conclusion, TMCP2 vaccine efficacy in the mouse vagina requires membrane attack complex. Serum bactericidal activity may serve as a correlate of protection for TMCP2.
Intestinal Persistence of Colonizing Escherichia coli Strains, Especially ST131-H30, in Relation to Bacterial and Host Factors
Authors: Johnson James R , Clabots Connie , Porter Stephen B , Bender Tricia , Johnston Brian D , Thuras Paul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Superior gut colonization may underlie the pandemic emergence of the resistance-associated H30 subclone of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131-H30). Little is known about the associated host and bacterial characteristics, or the comparative persistence of non-ST131 intestinal E. coli.

Methods
Generic and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates from volunteers’ serial fecal samples underwent clonal analysis and extensive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based characterization (phylogroup, selected sequence types, virulence genes). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards survival analysis using penalized regression (a machine-learning method) were used to identify correlates of strain persistence.

Results
Screening of 2005 subjects at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center identified 222 subjects (117 veterans, 105 human and animal household members) for longitudinal fecal surveillance. Analysis of their 585 unique-by-subject fecal E. coli strains identified multiple epidemiological, ecological, and bacterial correlates of strain persistence. ST131-H30, a strong univariable correlate of persistence, was superseded in multivariable analysis by outpatient status, fluoroquinolone resistance, and diverse (predominantly iron uptake-related) virulence genes.

Conclusions
ST131-H30 exhibits exceptional intestinal persistence, possibly due to a combination of fluoroquinolone resistance and virulence factors, which may be primarily colonization factors. This identifies both likely contributors to the ST131-H30 pandemic and potential targets for interventions against it.
JC Polyomavirus Whole Genome Sequencing at the Single-Molecule Level Reveals Emerging Neurotropic Populations in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: L’Honneur Anne Sophie , Pipoli Da Fonseca Juliana , Cokelaer Thomas , Rozenberg Flore 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
JC polyomavirus (JCV) mostly causes asymptomatic persistent renal infections but may give rise in immunosuppressed patients to neurotropic variants that replicate in the brain, causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Rearrangements in the JCV genome regulator noncoding control region (NCCR) and missense mutations in the viral capsid VP1 gene differentiate neurotropic variants from virus excreted in urine.

Methods
To investigate intrahost emergence of JCV neurotropic populations in PML, we deep sequenced JCV whole genome recovered from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples from 32 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected and non-HIV-infected PML patients at the single-molecule level.

Results
JCV strains distributed among 6 of 7 known genotypes. Common patterns of NCCR rearrangements included an initial deletion mostly located in a short 10-nucleotide sequence, followed by duplications/insertions. Multiple NCCR variants present in individual CSF samples shared at least 1 rearrangement, suggesting they stemmed from a unique viral population. NCCR variants independently acquired single or double PML-specific adaptive VP1 mutations. NCCR variants recovered from urine and CSF displayed opposite deletion or duplication patterns in binding sites for transcription factors.

Conclusions
Long-read deep sequencing shed light on emergence of neurotropic JCV populations in PML.
Lidocaine relieves spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury via long non-coding RNA MIAT-mediated Notch1 downregulation
Authors: Hou Junkai , Li Huixin , Xue Changjiang , Ma Junqi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Microglial activation and inflammatory response play a critical role in spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury (SCIRI). This study aimed to investigate whether lidocaine relieves SCIRI via modulating myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT)-mediated Notch1 downregulation. Mouse SCIRI was induced by the obstruction of the aortic arch. Lidocaine was injected after reperfusion. Microglial activation and inflammatory response were assessed by Iba1, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. The interaction between MIAT and Notch1 was assessed by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Lidocaine treatment relieved SCIRI by reducing Iba1 and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels. After lidocaine treatment, MIAT expression was elevated in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 cells. The interference of MIAT and the overexpression of MIAT and Notch1 restored TNF-α and IL-1β levels in supernatants. Notch1 protein was existent in MIAT-pull-down compounds, and the expression of MIAT was markedly elevated in Notch1-immunoprecipitants. The overexpression of MIAT markedly promoted the degradation of Notch1 and increased the level of ubiquitin-bound Notch1 complex. The therapeutic effect of lidocaine on SCIRI mice could be reversed by adeno-associated virus-mediated MIAT knockdown. In conclusion, lidocaine treatment relieved SCIRI via inhibiting microglial activation and reducing the inflammatory response. The molecular mechanism was partly through MIAT-mediated Notch1 downregulation.
Backplate-reinforced structures for enhancing solder joint reliability of server CPU assembly under thermal cycling
Authors: Liao M C , Huang P S , Huang T C , Tsai M Y 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
To meet the requirement of the high I/O and fine-pitch interconnects, the conventional insertion-mount socket for central processing unit (CPU) has been changed to surface-mount one with ball grid array. The solder ball joint reliability of the socket used in the CPU assembly becomes very important. In this study, the socket's solder joint reliability of the backplate-reinforced CPU assembly and its related mechanics under mechanical and thermal loadings are investigated experimentally using strain gauge and shadow moiré, and numerically by a finite element method (FEM). The validated FEM results have suggested that maximum stress of solder balls increases almost linearly with decreasing the backplate thickness under mechanical loading during the CPU assembly, but is insensitive to the backplate thickness under thermal loading during the thermal cycling. It is also found that the residual (bending) strain on the PCB proportional to the maximum von Mises stresses of solder joints (or balls) can be used as a key parameter to correlate with the solder joint failures or cracks during the thermal cycling. Overall, experimental and FEM results in this study reveal that solder joint reliability in the CPU assembly during thermal cycling can be improved by adopting the thicker reinforced backplate.
Synergism, Bifunctionality, and the Evolution of a Gradual Sensory Trade-off in Hummingbird Taste Receptors
Authors: Cockburn Glenn , Ko Meng-Ching , Sadanandan Keren R , Miller Eliot T , Nakagita Tomoya , Monte Amanda , Cho Sungbo , Roura Eugeni , Toda Yasuka , Baldwin Maude W 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSensory receptor evolution can imply trade-offs between ligands, but the extent to which such trade-offs occur and the underlying processes shaping their evolution is not well understood. For example, hummingbirds have repurposed their ancestral savory receptor (T1R1–T1R3) to detect sugars, but the impact of this sensory shift on amino acid perception is unclear. Here, we use functional and behavioral approaches to show that the hummingbird T1R1–T1R3 acts as a bifunctional receptor responsive to both sugars and amino acids. Our comparative analyses reveal substantial functional diversity across the hummingbird radiation and suggest an evolutionary timeline for T1R1–T1R3 retuning. Finally, we identify a novel form of synergism between sugars and amino acids in vertebrate taste receptors. This work uncovers an unexplored axis of sensory diversity, suggesting new ways in which nectar chemistry and pollinator preferences can coevolve.
Effective therapy of tocilizumab on systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis–associated refractory macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Wu Jianqiang , Sun Li , Tang Xuemei , Zheng Qi , Guo Li , Xu Li , Li Yandie , Lu Meiping 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) on refractory macrophage activation syndrome (rMAS) associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA-rMAS).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 14 patients diagnosed with sJIA-rMAS, who were treated with TCZ after failing conventional therapies at three hospital centres from January 2016 to December 2020. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were recorded at the onset of MAS, before TCZ (pre-TCZ), and 14 days after TCZ (post-TCZ).

Results
The clinical manifestation of sJIA-rMAS included fever (100%), skin rashes (35.7%), lymphadenomegaly (42.9%), hepatomegaly (57.1%), splenomegaly (7.1%), gastrointestinal symptoms (28.6%), arthritis (14.3%), myalgia (28.6%), and polyserositis (14.3%). After TCZ treatment, fever (100%, 14/14), gastrointestinal symptoms (100%, 4/4), and myalgia (100%, 4/4) were significantly improved after 1 week (P &lt; 0.05). Skin rashes, lymphadenomegaly, and arthritis also improved in many patients, but these parameters did not reach statistical significance. In post-TCZ group, decreases in levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum ferritin of sJIA-rMAS were observed compared with pre-TCZ (P &lt; 0.05). No disease relapse or fatality was recorded during the follow-up (25 months, range 3–60 months).

Conclusions
TCZ is safe and effective for the treatment of sJIA-rMAS after failure of conventional therapies.
Occurrence of silver-containing particles in rat brains upon intranasal exposure of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Nian , Qu Guangbo , Wen Ruoxi , Liu Xiaolei , Wang Yuanyuan , Gao Jie , Yin Yongguang , Shi Jianbo , Zhou Qunfang , He Bin , Hu Ligang , Jiang Guibin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe widespread application of silver (Ag) nanomaterials raises health concerns due to the adverse effects that can be associated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exposure. AgNPs can be introduced into human bodies via inhalation, either intentionally (intranasal administration of AgNPs) or unintentionally (environmental pollution, accidental release, or occupational exposure). Recent studies have shown that intranasal exposure of experimental animals to AgNPs can lead to the accumulation of Ag in brain tissues. However, there is little information available concerning what forms of Ag (particulate and ionic) exist in brain tissues. This study aimed to investigate whether particulate Ag exists in rat brains following intranasal exposure of AgNPs at 1 mg/kg/day using multiple analytical techniques. The results demonstrated that Ag-containing particles were presented in AgNPs-exposed rat brains, accounting for 20.2–68.1% of the total Ag. The mass concentrations of Ag-containing particles in brain tissues increased with exposure time but only decreased by 37.5% after elimination for 4 weeks upon exposure cessation. The size of Ag-containing particles identified in rat brains was larger than the original AgNPs. The Ag-containing particles identified in the rat brain were composed of multiple elements, including Ag, sulfur, and selenium with atomic percentages of 45.8%, 37.5%, and 16.7%, respectively. The finding highlighted the occurrence and accumulation of transformed AgNPs containing S and Se in rat brains after intranasal exposure to AgNPs, implying potential risks for brain health.
Systematic review of determinants and interventions of areca nut cessation: curbing a public health menace
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Nethan Suzanne T , Sinha Dhirendra N , Gupta Sanjay , Singh Shalini 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAreca nut (AN) is a proven human carcinogen and a global public health menace. There is yet no review providing comprehensive information on the determinants and interventions available for cessation of AN. This systematic review was aimed at summarizing the available literature on drivers and interventions for cessation of AN chewing habit and to highlight the research lacunae.MethodsA systematic literature search (from 1990 till March 2021) was conducted for studies on AN cessation. Relevant data were extracted independently by two authors.ResultsA total of 16 studies were included, which highlighted the influence of socio-cultural factors, addictive nature of AN and withdrawal symptoms as barriers to quitting. However, the knowledge of ill-effects of AN use on health, absence of concurrent alcohol use or smoking and family pressure were associated with likelihood of AN cessation. The interventions utilized for AN cessation have been behavioural in majority of the studies except for one where antidepressants were used for this purpose.ConclusionsThe current review emphasizes the imperative need of appropriate cessation strategies for AN chewing habit including enhancing awareness of the harmful effects and research into additional behavioural and pharmacologic cessation therapies to control this significant public health problem.
Addressing infodemic through the comprehensive competency framework of media and information literacy
Authors: Toquero Cathy Mae D 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs the world experiments with multiplex approaches to achieve a free pandemic society, infodemic pillages the online and offline realms, which exacerbates the spectrum of media fragilities, especially for particular age groups. Misinformation and disinformation related to health, political, and social issues, among others, deter the thin line that demarcates official reports from fake news. As a response to the COVID-19 infodemic, a curriculum and competency framework for media and information literacy can help promote a critical understanding of communications content for people to become media literate citizens. Incorporating the framework in the political and educational spheres enables the people, especially the dominant media users, to reinforce reliable information through responsible content-sharing on media platforms, which is essential for public health safety.
Effective Quantum Unique Ergodicity for Hecke–Maass Newforms and Landau–Siegel Zeros
Authors: Thorner Jesse 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We show that Landau–Siegel zeros for Dirichlet L-functions do not exist or that quantum unique ergodicity for $\mathrm{GL}_2$ Hecke–Maass newforms holds with an effective rate of convergence. This follows from a more general result: Landau–Siegel zeros of Dirichlet L-functions repel the zeros of all other automorphic L-functions from the line $\mathrm{Re}(s)=1$.
Quadratic Twists of Central Values For GL(3)
Authors: Kuan Chan Ieong , Lesesvre Didier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We prove that a cuspidal automorphic representation of $\mathrm{GL}(3)$ over any number field is determined by the quadratic twists of its central value. In the case π is not a Gelbart–Jacquet lift, the result is conditional on the analytic behavior of a certain Euler product. We deduce the nonvanishing of infinitely many quadratic twists of central values. This generalizes a result of Chinta and Diaconu that was valid only over Q and explored only for Gelbart–Jacquet lifts.
RADIATION DOSE FOR PATIENTS WITH KAWASAKI DISEASE UNDERGOING FLUOROSCOPICALLY GUIDED CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
Authors: Miranda Patricia , Vano Eliseo , Ubeda Carlos , Figueroa Ximena , Doggenweiller Paulina , Oliveira Marcus , Dalmazzo Dandaro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The goal of the present study was to estimate the radiation dose for a group of 45 Kawasaki disease (KD) patients undergoing fluoroscopically guided cardiac catheterization.
The sample of procedures corresponds to a single hospital and was collected in 10 years. Anthropometric characteristics and the quantities of air kerma-area product (PKA) among others were recorded for each procedure. Monte Carlo PCXMC 2.0 software was used to estimate organ and effective doses.
The PKA value of 7.2 Gy cm2 was proposed as the local Diagnostic Reference Level for KD. For organ absorbed doses, median values for thyroid, heart, lungs, esophagus, skin, active bone and breast were 1.2; 2.2; 4.6; 2.7; 1.1; 1.2 and 2.7 mGy, respectively. For effective dose, the mean value was 2.7 ± 2.5 mSv.
This paper presents the first patient dose values for the KD using catheterization techniques, in Latin America and the Caribbean Region.
The effect of adenotonsillectomy and rapid maxillary expansion on the upper airway in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized crossover-controlled trial
Authors: Magalhães Maria Cecilia , Soares Carlos José , Araújo Eustáquio A , de Rezende Barbosa Gabriela , Novaes Ricardo Maurício O , Teodoro Vinicius Vasconcelos , Normando David , Kim Ki Beom , Almeida Guilherme A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Following the publication of the accepted manuscript, the current journal editorial staff raised concerns that the study had been registered after the study was initiated. Because of this, the authors later decided to withdraw the accepted manuscript from the journal due to the retrospective registration.