bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal infection is a major pathogenetic mechanism and cause of fatalities in human acute Nipah virus encephalitis
Authors: Ong Kien Chai , Ng Khong Ying , Ng Chiu Wan , Tan Soon Hao , Teo Woon Li , Karim Norain , Kumar Shalini , Wong Kum Thong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesAcute Nipah (NiV) encephalitis is characterised by a dual pathogenetic mechanism of neuroglial infection and ischaemia–microinfarction associated with vasculitis‐induced thrombotic occlusion. We investigated the contributions of these two mechanisms in fatal cases.Materials and methodsWe analysed brain tissues (cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum) from 15 autopsies using light microscopy, immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridisation and quantitative methods.ResultsThree types of discrete plaque‐like parenchymal lesions were identified: Type 1 with neuroglial IHC positivity for viral antigens and minimal or no necrosis; Type 2 with neuroglial immunopositivity and necrosis; and Type 3 with necrosis but no viral antigens. Most viral antigen/RNA‐positive cells were neurons. Cerebral glial immunopositivity was rare, suggesting that microinfarction played a more important role in white matter injury. Type 1 lesions were also detected in the brainstem and cerebellum, but the differences between cerebral cortex and these two regions were not statistically significant.In the cerebral cortex, Type 1 lesions overwhelmingly predominated, and only 14% Type 1 vs 69% Type 2 lesions were associated with thrombosis. This suggests that neuronal infection as a mechanism of pathogenesis was more important than microinfarction, both in general and in Type 1 lesions in particular. Between the ‘early’ group (<8‐day fever) and the ‘late’ group (≥8‐day fever), there was a decrease of Type 1 and Type 2 lesions with a concomitant increase of Type 3 lesions, suggesting the latter possibly represented late‐stage microinfarction and/or neuronal infection.ConclusionNeuronal infection appears to play a more important role than vasculopathy‐induced microinfarction in acute NiV encephalitis.
Behavior, social and economic impact of COVID‐19 responses among healthcare professionals: Development and validation of COVID‐19 Responses Impact Questionnaire (COVRiQ)
Authors: Okpua Nelson Chidinma , Hami Rohayu , Edeogu Chidinma Oswald , Mohd Mujar Noor Mastura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs the world goes through the fourth wave and the continued emergence of new COVID‐19 variants, the general and work‐related risks of healthcare professionals are expected to rise. This has the capacity to adversely affect productivity and efficiency in the healthcare delivery system, particularly in this era of global shortage of trained healthcare professionals. We aimed to develop and validate a new instrument known as the COVID‐19 Responses Impact Questionnaire (COVRiQ) to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the healthcare professionals managing the COVID‐19 pandemic. This methodological study involved three steps: the formulation of the COVRiQ draft, content and face validation, and construct validity. A total of 61 questions were drafted with 3‐point Likert scale answers. From the list, 39 were rated valid by a panel of experts and subsequently tested on 301 participants. The results were analyzed and validated using exploratory factor analysis on SPSS. Components were extracted and questions with low factor loading were removed. The internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha. Following analysis, three components were extracted and named as behavioral, social, and economic impacts. In general, 29 items were deleted leaving 32 out of 61 questions retained as the final validated COVRiQ. Internal consistency showed high reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.91. Participants scored a total cumulative mean of 118.74 marks. A subanalysis by occupation showed that medical assistants scored the lowest in the group with a score of 22.3% whereas medical specialists scored the highest at 77.7%. Higher score indicates higher impact of COVID‐19 responses among healthcare professionals. The new COVRiQ consisting of 32 items demonstrated to be user friendly with good psychometric properties and valid for assessing the impacts of COVID‐19 responses among healthcare professionals.
Curcumin nanoemulsions inhibit oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by PI3K/Akt/mTOR suppression and miR‐199a upregulation: A preliminary study
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Jian , Zhang Chenping , Bao Zhexuan , Wu Lan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence indicates that curcumin (CUR) has anticancer properties in various cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but CUR is greatly restricted in clinical studies and applications due to its low bioavailability. Interestingly, the bioavailability of CUR was found to be significantly improved using loaded lipid nanoemulsions (NEs).ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of CUR‐NEs on cell proliferation of OSCC HSC‐3 cells in vitro, and explore the potential mechanism of this effect in a preliminary study.ResultsCUR‐NEs exhibited significantly cytotoxic effects on OSCC cells in a dose‐dependent manner, compared with the control. The percentage of cells in proliferative phases (S + G2/M) was gradually decreased in a dose‐ or time‐dependent manner caused by CUR‐NEs. Moreover, CUR‐NEs downregulated the protein expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and upregulated the expression of miR‐199a that targeted PI3K in a dose‐ or time‐dependent manner in OSCC cells. Importantly, CUR‐NEs cloud effectively counteract the influence on cell proliferation of OSCC cells and the proliferative phases of cell cycle caused by miR‐199a inhibitor a time‐dependent manner.ConclusionsThis in vitro preliminary study indicated that CUR‐NEs may be an effective therapeutic agent for OSCC. Such effects could be related to inhibition of OSCC cell proliferation by PI3K/Akt/mTOR suppression and miR‐199a upregulation.
The linguistic characterisation of Galdós’s characters in his last play, Santa Juana de Castilla
Authors: Perdomo‐Batista Miguel Á. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work I propose to examine the linguistic characterisation of the characters in Galdós’s last play, Santa Juana de Castilla (Saint Joanna of Castile, 1918). The analysis will show that in addition to the use of archaic language, the purpose of which may be to evoke the era, the linguistic style of the play is characterised by the use of colloquial forms or those that replicate spontaneous oral conversation. The oral and the colloquial contribute to the modernity of the work and also seem to be a kind of implicit criticism of the melodramatic elements of the drama. The linguistic style seen in the work is coherent with its interpretation as a reflection on the history of Spain and its future, and as a final synthesis of Galdosian thought. The analysis also reveals that Galdós upheld his intention to revitalise literary language through the spoken word until the very end.
Timing of reconstruction of the lower urinary tract in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: A CERTAIN multicenter analysis of current practice
Authors: Patry Christian , Höcker Britta , Dello Strologo Luca , Baumann Lukas , Grenda Ryszard , Peruzzi Licia , Oh Jun , Pape Lars , Weber Lutz T. , Weitz Marcus , Awan Atif , Carraro Andrea , Zirngibl Matthias , Hansen Matthias , Müller Dominik , Bald Martin , Pecqueux Carine , Krupka Kai , Fichtner Alexander , Tönshoff Burkhard , Nyarangi‐Dix Joanne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreexistent LUTD are considered a hostile environment, which might negatively impact KTx survival. In such cases, surgical reconstruction of the bladder is required. However, there is still disagreement on the optimal timing of the reconstruction procedure.MethodsThis is a multicenter analysis of data from the CERTAIN Registry. Included were 62 children aged 8.18 ± 4.90 years, with LUTD. Study endpoints were the duration of initial posttransplant hospitalization, febrile UTIs, and a composite failure endpoint comprising decline of eGFR, graft loss, or death up to 5 years posttransplant. Outcome was compared to matched controls without bladder dysfunction.ResultsForty‐one patients (66.1%) underwent pretransplant and 14 patients (22.6%) posttransplant reconstruction. Bladder augmentation was performed more frequently in the pretransplant (61%) than in the posttransplant group (21%, p = .013). Outcome in the pre‐ and posttransplant groups and in the subgroups of patients on pretransplant PD with major bladder surgery either pre‐ (n = 14) or posttransplant (n = 7) was comparable. Outcomes of the main study cohort and the matched control cohort (n = 119) were comparable during the first 4 years posttransplant; at year 5, there were more events of transplant dysfunction in the study cohort with LUTD than in controls (p = .03).ConclusionsThis multicenter analysis of the current practice of LUTD reconstruction in pediatric KTx recipients shows that pre‐ or posttransplant surgical reconstruction of the lower urinary tract is associated with a comparable 5‐year outcome.
Creating safe relational space: Public health nurses work with mothering refugee women
Authors: Kassam Shahin , Marcellus Lenora 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveExploring how public health nurses (PHNs) provide community‐based support to women who are refugees and mothering.DesignA constructivist grounded theory (CGT) design was used where intersectionality as an analytical tool was applied. Varying data collection approaches including focus groups were used.SampleTwelve PHNs from four public health units in Western Canada participated in this study.ResultsParticipants in this study described an overall process of creating safe relational space to address a basic social problem of establishing trust while managing structural forces. This overarching process was expressed through burning with passion, connecting while looking beyond, protecting from re‐traumatization, and fostering independence. Findings reveal strategies PHNs used to enhance health equity. This study extends critical caring theory to include sociopolitical and economic influences on public health nursing practice. Consequences of these influences on the mothering refugee women population are also revealed. Implications include structural integration of trauma‐and‐violence‐informed principles to support public health nursing practice.ConclusionsThis study adds to an emerging body of knowledge on PHNs work with complex populations. Innovative application of intersectionality is demonstrated as an effective approach to analyzing impacts of broad sociopolitical priorities on communities that are systemically marginalized.
Preliminary instrument development to measure implementing a population health approach in sexual health
Authors: Frost Linda , Valaitis Ruta , Butt Michelle , Akhtar‐Danesh Noori , Jack Susan M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to describe the preliminary development and validation of an instrument to measure the extent that a population health approach was applied in sexual health by public health units in Ontario, Canada.DesignPreliminary scale development and administration occurred in two phases that included item development and validity testing.Measurement and SampleTwo phases of development included: (1) using literature and expert input (n = 6) to develop items; and (2) validation of items by content experts (n = 5) and pre‐testing (n = 3).ResultsThe validated scale consisted of 69 items across the eight key elements of a population health approach. 15 out of 35 health units completed the survey, representing 43% of health units. Instrument administration revealed that Focus on the Health of Populations and Address the Determinants of Health and their Interactions were implemented more frequently compared to Collaborate Across Sectors and Levels and Employ Mechanisms for Public Involvement, which were infrequently implemented.ConclusionThis preliminary scale is a way for sexual health programs to measure the extent that a population health approach is implemented by their organization. Further testing with a broader sample is needed to strengthen generalizability and address reliability.
Comparing the Impact of NIR, Visible and UV Light on ROS Upregulation via Photoacceptors of Mitochondrial Complexes in Normal, Immune and Cancer Cells
Authors: Golovynska Iuliia , Golovynskyi Sergii , Qu Junle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe effect of UV/visible/NIR light (380/450/530/650/808/1064 nm) on ROS generation, mitochondrial activity and viability is experimentally compared in human neuroblastoma cancer cells. The absorption of photons by mitochondrial photoacceptors in Complexes I, III and IV is in detail investigated by sequential blocking with selective pharmaceutical blockers. Complex I absorbs UV/blue light by heme P450, resulting in a very high rate (14 times) of ROS generation leading to cell death. Complex III absorbs green light, by cytochromes b, c1 and c, and possesses less ability for ROS production (seven times), so that only irradiation lower than 10 mW cm−2 causes an increase in cell viability. Complex IV is well‐known as the primary photoacceptor for red/NIR light. Light of 650/808 nm at 10–100 mW cm−2 generates a physiological ROS level about 20% of a basal concentration, which enhance mitochondrial activity and cell survival, while 1064 nm light does not show any distinguished effects. Further, ROS generation induced by low‐intensity red/NIR light is compared in neurons, immune and cancer cells. Red light seems to more rapidly stimulate ROS production, mitochondrial activity and cell survival than 808 nm. At the same time, different cell lines demonstrate slightly various rates of ROS generation, peculiar to their cellular physiology.
Epistemic advantage on the margin: A network standpoint Epistemology
Authors: Wu Jingyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractI use network models to simulate social learning situations in which the dominant group ignores or devalues testimony from the marginalized group. I find that the marginalized group ends up with several epistemic advantages due to testimonial ignoration and devaluation. The results provide one possible explanation for a key claim of standpoint epistemology, the inversion thesis, by casting it as a consequence of another key claim of the theory, the unidirectional failure of testimonial reciprocity. Moreover, the results complicate the understanding and application of previously discovered network epistemology effects, notably the Zollman effect (Zollman, 2007, 2010).
Trichinella spiralis nurse cell formation is regulated via CCR7+ dendritic cells
Authors: Park Mi‐Kyung , Kang Shin Ae , Cho Min‐Kyoung , Yu Hak Sun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chemokine receptor CCR7 is a well‐established homing receptor for dendritic cells (DCs) and T‐cells. Interaction with the CCL19 and CCL21 ligands promotes priming of immune responses in lymphoid tissues; however, the mechanism underlying CCR7‐induced immune responses against helminth parasite infection remains unknown. Thus, we examined the role of CCR7 in generating protective immune responses against intracellular Trichinella spiralis infection. The results showed significantly increased CCR7, CCL19 and CCL21 expression in the muscle tissue compared to that in the intestinal tissue in T. spiralis‐infected mice. The CCR7‐expressing DC population increased in the mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) during T. spiralis infection. Notably, the number of CCR7‐expressing cells in PLNs increased by more than 30% at 28 days post‐infection; however, this increase was significantly inhibited in CCR7‐blocked mice treated with CCR7‐specific antibodies. T helper 2 (Th2)‐and regulatory T (Treg)‐related cytokine levels were also reduced by CCR7‐specific antibody treatment. CCR7‐blocked mice lost their resistance to T. spiralis infection in the muscle phase but not in the intestinal phase. Furthermore, fewer eosinophils around the nurse cells and reduced total and T. spiralis‐specific IgE in the serum were observed in CCR7‐blocked mice compared to those infected with only T. spiralis. CCR7 blockade led to the T. spiralis infection‐induced suppression of Th2‐ and Treg‐related cytokine production in vitro. These results suggest that CCR7 in DCs might play an essential role in host defence mechanisms against T. spiralis infection, particularly in the muscle stage of the infection, by accelerating Th2 and Treg cell responses.
Effectiveness of change from suvorexant to lemborexant drug in the treatment of sleep disorders
Authors: Okino Kazumaro , Suzuki Hirohisa , Kondo Seiji , Tomioka Hiroi , Tokumasu Takahiro , Yamada Hiroki , Iwanami Akira , Inamoto Atsuko 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the effects of a change in medication from suvorexant to lemborexant among patients with insomnia.MethodsPatients with chronic insomnia who had persistent insomnia for 3 months or longer and who had been taking suvorexant for 3 months or longer were selected. The participants were divided into two groups: the ‘modified’ group and the ‘non‐modified’ group. Four sub‐types of insomnia (i.e., difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early‐morning awakening, and non‐restorative sleep) were investigated. Logistic regression was used to investigate improvements in both the groups after 12 weeks.ResultsAmong the 77 participants, 43 and 34 patients were in the modified drug group and the non‐modified drug group, respectively. Comparing sleep disorders between the two groups, we found significant improvement after 12 weeks in the modified drug group in terms of difficulty initiating sleep, compared with the non‐modified drug group (odds ratio = 0.036, P = 0.008, 95% CI = 0.003–0.415). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of difficulty maintaining sleep, early‐morning awakening, and non‐restorative sleep.ConclusionsSleep disorders can be treated by alleviating difficulties in initiating sleep by changing from suvorexant to lemborexant. In addition, it was confirmed that the drug change caused no serious side effects and that it was highly safe and tolerated.
Morphometric changes on the vulva from proestrus to oestrus of nulliparous and multiparous HYPERPROLIFIC sows
Authors: De la Cruz‐Vigo Paloma , Rodriguez‐Boñal Alvaro , Rodriguez‐Bonilla Angel , Córdova‐Izquierdo Alejandro , Pérez Garnelo Sonia S. , Gómez‐Fidalgo Ernesto , Martín‐Lluch Mercedes , Sánchez‐Sánchez Raúl 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess whether vulvar morphometric changes occurring in female pigs during proestrus and oestrus could be objective, accurate and predictive indicators of the onset to oestrus and thus performed artificial inseminations at the most appropriate time. For that purpose, pictures of vulvas from 60 hyperprolific females (30 gilts and 30 sows) during proestrus and oestrus were taken once a day. Vulva measurements (area, perimeter, length and width) on these pictures were performed using the image processing ImageJ software. Gilts and sows showed statistical differences (p < .01) in all vulvar morphometric measurements between proestrus and oestrus. Statistical differences in vulvar metrics were detected 24 h before the onset to oestrus, affecting all vulvar measurements in gilts, whereas only vulvar width was affected in sows. The image analysis used in this study may contribute to the development of smart technology in swine farming.
Reliability analysis of man–machine systems using fuzzy cognitive mapping with genetic tuning
Authors: Rotshtein Alexander , Katelnikov Denis , Pustylnik Ludmila , Polin Brian A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article offers a method for analyzing the reliability of a man–machine system (MMS) and ranking of influencing factors based on a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM). The ranking of influencing factors is analogous to the ranking of system elements the probabilistic theory of reliability. To approximate the dependence of “influencing factors—reliability,” the relationship of variable increments is used, which ensures the sensitivity of the reliability level to variations in the levels of influencing factors. The novelty of the method lies in the fact that the expert values of the weights of the FCM graph edges (arcs) are adjusted based on the results of observations using a genetic algorithm. The algorithm's chromosomes are generated from the intervals of acceptable values of edge weights, and the selection criterion is the sum of squares of deviations of the reliability simulation results from observations. The method is illustrated by the example of a multifactor analysis of the reliability of the “driver–car–road” system. It is shown that the FCM adjustment reduces the discrepancy between the reliability forecast and observations almost in half. Possible applications of the method can be complex systems with vaguely defined structures whose reliability depends very much on interrelated factors measured expertly.
Risk‐benefit perceptions, preferences for solutions, and gaining trust: Listening to New Jersey's Atlantic Ocean port communities
Authors: Greenberg Michael , Kocakusak Diren 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe designed a survey to measure public preferences for management actions at ports that would reduce negative risk perceptions, increase competence‐based trust, and overall provide port managers with opportunities to build communication channels with surrounding populations. A total of 511 people who lived in a 45‐square mile area of New Jersey containing over 300,000 people and a dozen large and small ports responded to solutions that offered independent science support, provided ongoing public health surveillance, and economic assistance for local communities. Environmental health concerns about air, noise, fires, port security, and protection against climate‐related impacts were major correlates of these preferences. Yet many residents recognized economic benefits associated with nearby ports and many either trusted port management or were neutral and felt not well informed. Those who had a personal or family connection to the port were stronger port supporters. The most important finding and challenge for port managers is building ongoing relationships with the majority of nearby residents who are not aware of port activities, which presents an opportunity for increasing trust through proactive outreach and listening to nearby community representatives.
Clinical performance, intermediate and long‐term outcomes of high‐volume hemodiafiltration in patients with kidney failure
Authors: Guedes Murilo , Vernooij Robin W. M. , Davenport Andrew , Kuhlmann Martin K. , Aregger Fabienne , Pecoits‐Filho Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHemodiafiltration (HDF), in which both convective and diffusion methods are combined, yields an increased overall solute clearance compared with hemodialysis (HD), specifically for medium and larger molecular weight uremic toxins. Due to uncertainty in the treatment effects, the nephrology community still perceives the implementation of HDF and the achievement of high convective volume as complex. In this article, we review practical aspects of the implementation of HDF that can effectively deliver a high‐volume HDF therapy and assure clinical performance to most patients. We also present an overview of the impact of high‐volume HDF (compared to HD) on a series of relevant biochemical, patient‐reported, and clinical outcomes, including uremic toxin removal, phosphate, Inflammation and oxidative stress, hemodynamic stability, cardiac outcomes, nutritional effects, health‐related quality of life, morbidity, and mortality.