bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“A Death Like Sleep”: The Christology of Milton's Twenty-Third Sonnet
Authors: Colaccio John J. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Milton's “late espoused Saint” appears at the center of two planes of spiritual movement, horizontal and vertical, each culminating in God and corresponding to the traditions of Christian typology and Christian Neoplatonism. On the former, she reveals eschatologically Christ's redemptive self-sacrifice, subtly fulfilling the sacrifice ethos of pagan and Jewish myth and history. On the latter, she, like Dante's Beatrice, descends the Neoplatonic order seeking to “embrace” her beloved through grace. That the sonnet's persona, who represents every Christian, including Milton, fails to recognize the import of the saint is due to the Thomistic-Neoplatonic doctrine of intellectual blindness and man's desiccated will to choose “higher” objects of love. Hence, like Dante in the Purgatorio, the persona's unrefined affection casts a veil over his own eyes. His affectional egocentricity (“my... Mine”) prohibits his understanding that the “late espoused Saint” is now wedded to the true Bridegroom. The vision breaks at the word “delight,” as does Adam's dream of Eve (PL VIII, 474—80), signifying in the context of the Thomistic idea of dilection (love from rational choice, electionem) the persona's archetypical error. The persona's still “fancied sight” causes him to “wake” to the Christian Neoplatonic dream life of mortality.
Milton's Biblical Style in “Paradise Regained”
Authors: Elliott Emory 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
In Paradise Regained, Milton employs biblical allusions in several significant ways. Through the very words and phrases of Scripture, he draws into the poem essential details of the encircling framework of Christ's total career and teaching, and he thereby puts the particular episode of the temptations into a biblical perspective. Many allusions recall biblical passages which emphasize Christ's humanity—his diligence in the study of the Scripture, his compassion for all men, and his passion and death. Other allusions serve to point up the superior exegetical principles which enable Christ to make Satan appear foolish in his misinterpretations of the Scriptures. Throughout the debates between Christ and Satan, allusions to the epistles of Paul and to the book of Revelation also provide a structural tension between the restraint and self-discipline needed in this world which are stressed in the Pauline allusions in the poem's early books and the eternal reward or punishment of the next world which is stressed in the allusions to Revelation, which increase near the poem's conclusion. Through his manipulations of biblical allusions, Milton alerts his readers to important nuances of Christ's victory and of the poem's meaning.
Milton's Hebraic Herculean Hero
Authors: Kessner Carole S. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Samson Agonistes is unique in its treatment of the Herculean hero so prevalent in Renaissance drama (for example, Tamburlaine, Bussy D'Ambois, Coriolanus). Milton regarded Samson as a type of Hercules; but neither the biblical nor the Greek hero was adequate as a model for the hero of his drama. Unlike other Renaissance dramatists, whose conception of the Herculean hero derived from traditional versions (for example, Sophocles' Women of Trachis) and who portrayed Hercules in all his areté, Milton's conception rested on the much more humanized hero of Euripides' Heracles. Comparison of Heracles with Samson Agonistes reveals many similarities in theme, structure, and character. The conflict in both plays is spiritual and internal, and both heroes move from a nadir of despair to insight and gradual accumulation of inner strength. A persistent image in both plays is the movement from darkness to light, in each case reflecting the thematic movement from physical blindness to spiritual vision. Furthermore, the Amphitryon-Heracles relationship is very much like that of Manoa and Samson; Theseus functions in much the same way as does the Chorus in Samson; Hera's role is similar to Dalila's; and Lycus has much in common with Harapha. Finally, both plays end with emphasis on the hero's fame in history and his continuing influence on society; and both plays ignore traditional reference to the hero's deification or immortality.
CONTEXTUALITY IN KAPLAN’S AND KATZ’S SEMANTICS
Authors: Борисов Евгений Васильевич 
Published: May 2022

Семантические теории Д. Каплана и Д. Катца репрезентируют подход к естественному языку, противоположный подходу Л. Витгенштейна, П. Стросона и ряда других мыслителей. Теории Каплана и Катца отображают феномены контекстуальности, тогда как Витгенштейн и Стросон полагали, что контекстуальность делает семантическую теорию для естественного языка невозможной. Я сравниваю теории Каплана и Катца и показываю, что они базируются на аналогичных четырехчленных различениях. У Каплана это различение выражения, характера, содержания и референта; у Катца – различение выражения, смысла выражения как типа, смысла выражения как токена и референта. Аналогия между характером у Каплана и смыслом выражения-типа у Катца обусловлена тем фактом, что в формальном аспекте оба суть функции от контекстов. Содержание у Каплана и смысл выражения как токена у Катца аналогичны в том, что оба определяют референцию. Это позволяет заключить, что данные теории репрезентируют один и тот же подход к контекстуальности.
Semantic theories by Kaplan and Katz represent a view on ordinary language opposed to the view of the late Wittgenstein, Strawson, and others. Both Kaplan’s and Katz’s theories accommodate phenomena of contextuality, whereas Wittgenstein and Strawson held that contextuality makes a semantic theory for ordinary language impossible. I compare the two theories and show that both are based on analogous fourfold distinctions. In Kaplan, it is the distinction of expression, character, content, and reference. The analogous distinction in Katz is the distinction of expression, the sense of expression-type, the sense of expression-token, and reference. The analogy between Kaplan’s character and Katz’s sense of expression-type is established by the fact that both are, formally speaking, functions from contexts. Content (Kaplan) and the sense of expression-token (Katz) are similar in that both determine reference (extension) with respect to a possible world. So we can conclude that both theories represent the same approach to contextuality.
Określenie dynamiki znoszenia rozpylanej cieczy za pomocą równania Rosina-Rammlera
Authors: Kowalik Witold 
Published: May 2022

Najczęściej w ochronie roślin stosowane są rozpylacze ciśnieniowe, które zamieniają energię potencjalną sprężonej cieczy na energię kinetyczną cieczy rozpylonej. Ilość wytwarzanych kropel oraz ich spektrum zależy od ciśnienia roboczego, wielkości i kształtu dyszy oraz parametrów rozpylanej cieczy. Celem pracy jest określenie wielkości oraz ilości znoszenia kropel wytwarzanych w rozpylaczu przy różnych prędkościach wiatru. Przeprowadzone obliczenia funkcji Rosina-Rammlera wykazały, że nierównomierność oprysku powstająca w wyniku znoszenia kropli przez wiatr jest znaczna. Największa nierównomierność oprysku powstaje w niewielkiej odległości od opryskiwacza. Ze wzrostem tej odległości ilość znoszonej cieczy gwałtownie się zmniejsza.
Analiza możliwości rozwoju produkcji oraz rynku produktów regionalnych i tradycyjnych w województwie lubelskim
Authors: Paluch Agata , Stoma Monika 
Published: May 2022

Przedmiotem badań był rynek produktów regionalnych w województwie lubelskim. W pracy przedstawiono aktualnie zarejestrowane produkty tradycyjne oraz scharakteryzowano, jakie produkty są według Ministerstwa Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi regionalnymi i tradycyjnymi. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu analizę możliwości rozwoju produkcji i rynku produktów regionalnych i tradycyjnych w województwie lubelskim, a także zbadanie wpływu miejsca zamieszkania konsumentów na postrzeganie tych produktów. W badaniach wzięto ponadto pod uwagę źródła informacji o produktach tradycyjnych oraz możliwościach zakupu, jak również determinanty, które skłaniają do ich zakupu.
Estimated Public Health Gains From German Smokers Switching to Reduced-Risk Alternatives: Results From Population Health Impact Modelling
Authors: Rytsar Romana , Djurdjevic Smilja , Nussbaum Alexander K. , Kaul Ashok , Bennewitz Emanuel , Lee Peter N. , Fry John S. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Background
Smoking is associated with cancer and cardio-respiratory mortality. Reducing smoking prevalence will lead to fewer deaths and more life-years. Here, we estimate the impact of hypothetical introduction of reduced-risk products (heat-not-burn products and e-cigarettes) in Germany from 1995 to 2015 on mortality from lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke in men and women aged 30–79 years.

Methods
We used a previously described population health impact model, with individuals with a defined baseline cigarette smoking distribution followed under a “Null Scenario”, with reduced-risk products never introduced, and various “Alternative Scenarios” where they are. Transition probabilities allow product use to change annually, with the individual product histories allowing estimation of risks, relative to never users, which are then used to estimate reductions in deaths and life-years lost for each Alternative Scenario.

Results
In the Null Scenario, we estimated 852,000 deaths from cigarette smoking (42,600 per year), with 8.61 million life-years lost. Had everyone ceased smoking in 1995, and with no use of reduced-risk products, these numbers would reduce by 217,000 and 2.88 million. Compared to the Null Scenario, the estimated reductions would be 159,000 and 2.06 million with an immediate complete switch to heat-not-burn products and 179,000 and 2.34 million with 50% of smokers immediately switching to heat-not-burn products and 50% to e-cigarettes. In four Scenarios with a more gradual switch, the estimated decreases were 39,800–81,000 deaths and 0.50–1.05 million life-years, representing 17.5%–37.5% of the effect of immediate cessation in 1995. These estimates assume that switching to heat-not-burn products and e-cigarettes involves risk decreases of 80% and 95% of those from quitting, respectively. The reductions in mortality would be greater with more diseases and a wider age range considered or with a longer follow-up period, as the decreases increased markedly with time. Various limitations are discussed, none affecting the conclusion that introducing these new products into Germany in 1995 could have substantially reduced deaths and life-years lost.

Conclusions
Deaths from cigarette smoking could be substantially reduced not only by cessation but additionally by switching to reduced-risk products. Respective public health campaigns might increase such switching.
Estimated Public Health Gains From Smokers in Germany Switching to Reduced-Risk Alternatives: Results From Population Health Impact Modelling by Socioeconomic Group
Authors: Rytsar Romana , Djurdjevic Smilja , Nussbaum Alexander K. , Kaul Ashok , Bennewitz Emanuel , Lee Peter N. , Fry John S. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Background
We previously estimated the impact of introducing heat-not-burn products and e-cigarettes in Germany on smoking-related disease mortality in men and women aged 30–79 years between 1995 and 2015. Here, we estimate the impact by socioeconomic group.

Methods
Individuals with a defined baseline cigarette smoking distribution were followed under a “Null Scenario” (no reduced-risk products) and “Alternative Scenarios” (reduced-risk products introduced). Transition probabilities allowed estimation of annual product use changes, with individual product histories used to estimate reductions in deaths and life-years lost. Here, however, individuals were classified into two socioeconomic groups defined by income and education, with allowance for variation by group in initial smoking prevalence and the probability of changing product use, or of changing socioeconomic group.

Results
With no allowance for socioeconomic group, deaths would have reduced by 217,000 (from 852,000 for continued smoking) had everyone immediately ceased smoking in 1995 and by 40,000 to 179,000 had one or two types of reduced-risk products – the heat-not-burn product and the e-cigarette – been adopted by smokers to varying extents. With such allowance, we estimate substantial drops in each socioeconomic group. Where all cigarette smokers switched immediately, half of them to heat-not-burn products, half to e-cigarettes, the estimated drops in deaths were 60,000 in group A (higher socioeconomic group) and 122,000 in group B (lower), about 82% of the drops associated with immediate cessation (73,000 in A and 148,000 in B). With more gradual conversion, the drops were 26,648 in A and 53,000 in B, about 35% of those from cessation. The drops in deaths and life-years saved were about 2 and 1.5 times higher in group B, respectively, associated with its greater numbers, older age, and higher smoking prevalence. The estimated reductions would increase upon considering more diseases, a wider age range, or longer follow-up. Methodological limitations would not affect the conclusion that introducing these products in 1995 in Germany could have substantially reduced deaths and life-years lost in both groups, more so in B.

Conclusions
Although cessation is optimal for reducing mortality, switching to reduced-risk products also provides substantial health gains. A public health approach encouraging lower socioeconomic group smokers to switch to reduced-risk products could diminish smoking-related health inequalities relative to continued smoking.
Economic Dispatch with Transmission Losses in a Distributed Generation Network of Bahawalpur
Authors: Khan Ahmad , Rashid Zeeshan , Umer Farhana , Yousaf Abdur Rehman , Saeed Arif 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In an electrical power system, the ultimate aim is to generate and deliver electrical energy to consumer side with minimum cost involved. Thus, least fuel cost, effective unit commitment and minimum transmission losses are desirous to achieve economic dispatch in a distributed generation network. In this research, economic dispatch considering transmission losses in a distributed generation network of Bahawalpur is reported. A MATLAB algorithm is designed which gives optimum division of power between two power plants and their transmission losses. Power plants considered here are thermal power plant Muzafargarh and Kot Addu Power Company (KAPCO), the former being located at smaller distance from Bahawalpur district. Finally, load trend of Bahawalpur district, optimum generation verses power demand, associated transmission losses, penalty factor and fuel cost economy are shown in the Results Section through graphs and tables. It is concluded that thermal power plant shares higher contribution of load power due to smaller distance from load and, thus, smaller transmission losses ensuring minimum cost operation.
Allelopathic effect of macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus (Ochrophyta) and Coccotylus brodiei (Rhodophyta) on the growth and photosynthesis performance of Baltic cyanobacteria
Authors: Budzałek Gracjana , Śliwińska-Wilczewska Sylwia 
Published: May 2022

In aquatic ecosystems, allelopathic activity depends on the production and secretion of allelopathic compounds and their effective dispersal in the environment. In addition, macroalgae have been found to produce active metabolites that affect other organisms that compete with them for nutrients. However, the allelopathic activity of Baltic red and brown macroalgae on filamentous cyanobacteria is still insufficiently understood. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to demonstrate and compare the allelopathic effects of macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus L. and Coccotylus brodiei (Turner) Kütz. on the growth and photosynthetic activity of two Baltic cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon sp. and Nostoc sp. It was found a stimulating effect of different concentrations (5, 25, and 50 µL mL–1) of the aqueous extract obtained from C. brodiei on the number of cells of Nostoc sp. which constituted 108%, 140%, and 147%, respectively, relative to the control treatment.
On the other hand, extracts obtained from F. vesiculosus had no statistically significant effect on the number of cells of the cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon sp. and Nostoc sp. Moreover, the C. brodiei extracts had no significant impact on the growth of Aphanizomenon sp. Furthermore, Baltic macroalgae F. vesiculosus and C. brodiei was able to exert allelopathic effects on photosynthesis performance of Nostoc sp. and Aphanizomenon sp. and compounds produced by them had inhibitory, stimulatory, or no significant effect on the maximum PSII quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII). The results obtained in this work constitute an important contribution to the knowledge on the allelopathic activity of Baltic red and brown algae on certain bloom-forming species of filamentous cyanobacteria.
Expected Economy Rate
Authors: Dona Nirodha Epasinghege , Nguyen Robert , Gill Paramjit , Swartz Tim 
Published: May 2022

This paper introduces the expected goals concept to limited overs cricket where ideas are illustrated using the economy rate statistic. The approach is primarily explored as a proof of concept since the detailed data that are required for full adoption of the proposed methods are not currently widely available. The approach is based on the estimation of batting outcome probabilities given detailed data on each ball that is bowled in a match. Machine learning techniques are used for the estimation procedure.
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER MOUTHS OF VAYGACH ISLAND
Authors: Мискевич И.В. , Котова Е.И. 
Published: May 2022

На острове Вайгач имеется обширная система водотоков, которые относятся к категории малых рек. В формах устьев рек доминируют эстуарии лагунного типа. Дано описание зон смешения речных и морских вод в рамках модели маргинального фильтра. Сделано предположение о постепенном заиливании и заболачивании устьевых лагун на фоне усиления таяния криолитозоны острова. В донных отложениях устьевых зон может происходить накопление таких металлов, как алюминий и железо, а в устьях рек, на водосборах которых велась разработка полиметаллических руд, также цинка, свинца и меди.
Vaygach Island has an extensive system of watercourses that are classified as small rivers. Estuaries of the lagoon type dominate in the forms of river mouths. The description of the mixing zones of river and sea waters is given within the framework of the marginal filter model. An assumption was made about the gradual silting and swamping of the estuarine lagoons against the background of increasing thawing of the permafrost zone of the island. In the bottom sediments of the estuarine zones, the accumulation of metals such as aluminum and iron can occur, and in the estuaries of rivers, on whose catchments the development of polymetallic ores was carried out, also zinc, lead and copper.
GEOECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ANTHROPOCENE AS FACTORS OF THE CARBON FOOTPRINT
Authors: Суздалева А.Л. 
Published: May 2022

Оценка углеродного следа страны путем оценки эмиссии парниковых газов на предприятиях не дает адекватного представления о процессе техногенной трансформации состава атмосферы. Необходимо проведение геоэкологических исследований антропоцена – совокупности техногенных геологических тел, являющихся значимым источником парниковых газов.
Assessment of a country’s carbon footprint by assessing greenhouse gas emissions from enterprises does not provide an adequate picture of the process of technogenic transformation of the composition of the atmosphere. It is necessary to conduct geoecological studies of the Anthropocene – a set of technogenic geological bodies that are a significant source of greenhouse gases.
ОРНИТОФАУНА ПАРКОВ МОСКВЫ ВО ВНЕГНЕЗДОВОЙ ПЕРИОД
Authors: Василевская А.А. , Маловичко Л.В. 
Published: May 2022

В статье дана характеристика орнитофауны на территории семи парков г. Москвы, расположенных в пределах МКАД, во внегнездовой период (сентябрь-март) 2017-2021 гг. Для малых исследуемых парков во внегнездовой период характерны непостоянные сообщества птиц, для крупных – стабильные сообщества. В данный период отмечено 76 видов птиц, из них 23 охраняемых. Во всех исследуемых парках отмечались не только урбофильные, но и урбофобные виды. Для таких видов не исключена дальнейшая урбанизация, в том числе и возвратная, если учесть, что из года в год городские озеленённые зоны с разнообразными ландшафтами, смягчёнными погодными условиями и обильной кормовой базой, привлекают всё больше видов, некоторые из которых могут впоследствии загнездиться в городе.
This article presents the characteristics of non-breeding bird population in seven Moscow parks from September 2017 to March 2021. Bird complexes in small parks are quite unstable during the non-breeding season, while in large parks they are rather constant. 76 bird species were recorded in seven parks. These species include both synanthropic and non-synanthropic species. Some species of the latter category may become urbanized later, assuming that urban green areas attract more bird species every year because of diverse landscapes, mild weather conditions and abundant food supply, and some of these species may breed in such areas in the future.
LIVADIA PALACE AND PARK ENSEMBLE. ARCHITECTURAL ATTRIBUTION
Authors: Зима А.Г. 
Published: May 2022

В рамках исследования был атрибутирован Ливадийский дворцово-парковый ансамбль в контексте его градостроительной эволюции. Произведена дифференциация пространственно-планировочного освоения территории ансамбля на четыре дореволюционных этапа, а именно первый этап (1834-1860 гг.), второй этап (1861-1868 гг.), третий этап (1869-1886 гг.) и четвёртый этап (1887-1916 гг.). В соответствии с ключевыми архитектурно-градостроительными преобразованиями каждый из этапов был охарактеризован.
The study attributed the Livadia palace and park ensemble in the context of its urban evolution. The space-planning development of the ensemble territory was differentiated into four pre-revolutionary stages, namely the first (1834-1860), second (1861-1868), third (1869-1886) and fourth (1887-1916). According to the key architectural and urban planning transformations, each of the stages was characterized.
FEATURES OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE NATURAL AND ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK IN THE METROPOLIS
Authors: Горецкая А.Г. , Топорина В.А. 
Published: May 2022

В условиях мегаполиса необходимо детальное изучение природных ландшафтов и озелененных территорий, позволяющее составить представление о функционировании природно-экологического каркаса (ПЭК). Выявление элементов ПЭКа целесообразно проводить с учетом особенностей сохранившейся ландшафтной структуры, что является одной из важных задач при изучении особенностей формирования ПЭКа.
A metropolis with preserved indigenous landscapes is more sustainable and has more comfortable living conditions. Such areas, along with man made green spaces of parks and squares, form the natural and ecological framework (NEF) of the city. It is advisable to identify the elements of the NEF taking into account the preserved landscape structure, which is one of the important tasks in studying the NEF.