bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity and Hospitalized Infection in a Large US Registry
Authors: Yun Huifeng , Chen Lang , Roy Jason A. , Greenberg Jeffrey , Harrold Leslie R. , George Michael D. , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe association between disease activity and infection risk among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not clear, and it is challenging to determine because of confounding due to the effects of RA treatments and comorbidities.MethodsUsing patients with RA in the CorEvitas registry with Medicare coverage in 2006–2019, we identified eligible patients who had at least 1 visit with moderate disease activity based on the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI; CDAI >10 and ≤22). Follow‐up started at the subsequent CorEvitas visit. Hospitalized infection during follow‐up was assessed in linked Medicare data. We calculated the incidence rate of hospitalized infection for patients in remission, and low and moderate disease activity, and estimated the effect of time‐varying CDAI on hospitalized infection by controlling for baseline and time‐dependent confounders using marginal structural models (MSMs).ResultsA total of 3,254 patients with RA were eligible for analysis, among which 529 hospitalized infections were identified during follow‐up. The crude incidence of hospitalized infection was 3.8 per 100 person‐years for patients in remission, 6.6 for low disease activity, and 8.0 for moderate disease activity. Using MSMs and compared with being in remission, the hazard ratio of hospitalized infection associated with low disease activity was 1.60 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.13–2.28) and with moderate disease activity was 1.83 (95% CI 1.30–2.64).ConclusionThe risk of hospitalized infection was higher for patients with RA in low or moderate disease activity than for those in remission after accounting for the interplay of disease activity, RA treatments, treatment switching, and other potential confounders.
Realization of Multifunctional Bosonic Magnon Transistor via Thermal Phonon Gating
Authors: Xu Jiapeng , Jin Lichuan , Zhang Dainan , Tang Xiaoli , Zhong Zhiyong , Zhang Huaiwu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMagnons have demonstrated enormous potential for next‐generation information technology, namely the ability to build quasiparticle low‐power integrated circuits without the moving of electrons. An experimental bosonic magnon transistor with multifunction, low‐loss, and full‐wavelength control of propagating spin waves (magnon current) is developed in this work. Using a monolayer of graphene as the high‐efficiency thermal phonon source and a low‐loss electrically insulating ferrimagnetic single‐crystalline yttrium iron garnet film as the propagating spin‐wave channel, the presented transistor has three functioning regions of spin‐wave modulation at full wavelength: prominent amplification, complete cut‐off, and linear phase shift. The magnon‐phonon‐mediated nonequilibrium state created by the temperature gradient in this transistor works in two ways: when the thermal phonon flow is small, the positive thermal spin‐torque induced by the longitudinal spin‐Seebeck effect amplifies spin waves; when the thermal phonon flow is large, the magnon–magnon interaction due to nonequilibrium thermal magnon injection greatly contributes to spin‐wave cut‐off. Furthermore, linear adjustment of the spin‐wave phase by creating a thermal phonon bath is demonstrated. These findings reveal that the numerous magnon–phonon coupling mechanisms in magnetic insulators offer a promising platform for the implementation of reconfigurable magnonic transistors.
Halide Remixing under Device Operation Imparts Stability on Mixed‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ruggeri Edoardo , Anaya Miguel , Gałkowski Krzysztof , Abfalterer Anna , Chiang Yu‐Hsien , Ji Kangyu , Andaji‐Garmaroudi Zahra , Stranks Samuel D. 
Published: July 2022

Mixed‐halide mixed‐cation hybrid perovskites are among the most promising perovskite compositions for application in a variety of optoelectronic devices due to their high performance, low cost, and bandgap‐tuning capabilities. Instability pathways such as those driven by ionic migration, however, continue to hinder their further progress. Here, an operando variable‐pitch synchrotron grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering technique is used to track the surface and bulk structural changes in mixed‐halide mixed‐cation perovskite solar cells under continuous load and illumination. By monitoring the evolution of the material structure, it is demonstrated that halide remixing along the electric field and illumination direction during operation hinders phase segregation and limits device instability. Correlating the evolution with directionality‐ and depth‐dependent analyses, it is proposed that this halide remixing is induced by an electrostrictive effect acting along the substrate out‐of‐plane direction. However, this stabilizing effect is overwhelmed by competing halide demixing processes in devices exposed to humid air or with poorer starting performance. The findings shed new light on understanding halide de‐ and re‐mixing competitions and their impact on device longevity. These operando techniques allow real‐time tracking of the structural evolution in full optoelectronic devices and unveil otherwise inaccessible insights into rapid structural evolution under external stress conditions.
The Promise of Soft‐Matter‐Enabled Quantum Materials
Authors: Thedford R. Paxton , Yu Fei , Tait William R. T. , Shastri Kunal , Monticone Francesco , Wiesner Ulrich 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe field of quantum materials has experienced rapid growth over the past decade, driven by exciting new discoveries with immense transformative potential. Traditional synthetic methods to quantum materials have, however, limited the exploration of architectural control beyond the atomic scale. By contrast, soft matter self‐assembly can be used to tailor material structure over a large range of length scales, with a vast array of possible form factors, promising emerging quantum material properties at the mesoscale. This review explores opportunities for soft matter science to impact the synthesis of quantum materials with advanced properties. Existing work at the interface of these two fields is highlighted, and perspectives are provided on possible future directions by discussing the potential benefits and challenges which can arise from their bridging.
Large Spin Coherence Length and High Photovoltaic Efficiency of the Room Temperature Ferrimagnet Ca2FeOsO6 by Strain Engineering
Authors: Rout Paresh C. , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe influence of epitaxial strain on the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of the distorted double perovskite Ca2FeOsO6 is studied. These calculations show that the compound realizes a monoclinic structure with P21/n space group from −6% to +6% strain. While it retains ferrimagnetic ordering with a net magnetic moment of 2 μB per formula unit at low strain, it undergoes transitions into E‐antiferromagnetic and C‐antiferromagnetic phases at −5% and +5% strain, respectively. It is shown that spin frustration reduces the critical temperature of the ferrimagnetic ordering from the mean field value of 600–350 K, in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 320 K. It is also shown that the critical temperature can be tuned efficiently through strain and that the spin coherence length surpasses that of Sr2FeMoO6 under tensile strain. An indirect‐to‐direct bandgap transition is observed at +5% strain. Localization of the valence and conduction states on different transition metal sublattices enables efficient electron–hole separation upon photoexcitation. The calculated spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency of up to 33% points to excellent potential of Ca2FeOsO6 in solar cell applications.
Sculpting Rupture‐Free Nuclear Shapes in Fibrous Environments
Authors: Jana Aniket , Tran Avery , Gill Amritpal , Kiepas Alexander , Kapania Rakesh K. , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Nain Amrinder S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCytoskeleton‐mediated force transmission regulates nucleus morphology. How nuclei shaping occurs in fibrous in vivo environments remains poorly understood. Here suspended nanofiber networks of precisely tunable (nm–µm) diameters are used to quantify nucleus plasticity in fibrous environments mimicking the natural extracellular matrix. Contrary to the apical cap over the nucleus in cells on 2‐dimensional surfaces, the cytoskeleton of cells on fibers displays a uniform actin network caging the nucleus. The role of contractility‐driven caging in sculpting nuclear shapes is investigated as cells spread on aligned single fibers, doublets, and multiple fibers of varying diameters. Cell contractility increases with fiber diameter due to increased focal adhesion clustering and density of actin stress fibers, which correlates with increased mechanosensitive transcription factor Yes‐associated protein (YAP) translocation to the nucleus. Unexpectedly, large‐ and small‐diameter fiber combinations lead to teardrop‐shaped nuclei due to stress fiber anisotropy across the cell. As cells spread on fibers, diameter‐dependent nuclear envelope invaginations that run the nucleus's length are formed at fiber contact sites. The sharpest invaginations enriched with heterochromatin clustering and sites of DNA repair are insufficient to trigger nucleus rupture. Overall, the authors quantitate the previously unknown sculpting and adaptability of nuclei to fibrous environments with pathophysiological implications.
A Universal Spinning‐Coordinating Strategy to Construct Continuous Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon Heterointerface with Boosted Lithium Polysulfides Immobilization for 3D‐Printed LiS Batteries
Authors: Ouyang Yue , Zong Wei , Zhu Xiaobo , Mo Lulu , Chao Guojie , Fan Wei , Lai Feili , Miao Yue‐E , Liu Tianxi , Yu Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConstructing intimate coupling between transition metal and carbon nanomaterials is an effective means to achieve strong immobilization of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in the applications of lithium–sulfur (LiS) batteries. Herein, a universal spinning‐coordinating strategy of constructing continuous metal–nitrogen–carbon (MNC, M = Co, Fe, Ni) heterointerface is reported to covalently bond metal nanoparticles with nitrogen‐doped porous carbon fibers (denoted as M/MN@NPCF). Guided by theoretical simulations, the Co/CoN@NPCF hybrid is synthesized as a proof of concept and used as an efficient sulfur host material. The polarized CoNC bridging bonds can induce rapid electron transfer from Co nanoparticles to the NPCF skeleton, promoting the chemical anchoring of LiPSs to improve sulfur utilization. Hence, the as‐assembled LiS battery presents a remarkable capacity of 781 mAh g−1 at 2.0 C and a prominent cycling lifespan with a low decay rate of only 0.032% per cycle. Additionally, a well‐designed Co/CoN@NPCF‐S electrode with a high sulfur loading of 7.1 mg cm−2 is further achieved by 3D printing technique, which demonstrates an excellent areal capacity of 6.4 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 C under a lean‐electrolyte condition. The acquired insights into strongly coupled continuous heterointerface in this work pave the way for rational designs of host materials in LiS systems.
Operando Decoding of Surface Strain in Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries via Optical Fiber Sensor
Authors: Li Yanpeng , Zhang Yi , Li Zhen , Yan Zhijun , Xiao Xiangpeng , Liu Xueting , Chen Jie , Shen Yue , Sun Qizhen , Huang Yunhui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith zero excess lithium, anode‐free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) can deliver much higher energy density than that of traditional lithium metal batteries. However, AFLMBs are prone to suffer from rapid capacity loss and short life. Monitoring and analyzing the capacity decay of AFLMBs are of great importance for their future applications. It is known that the capacity fade mainly comes from the formation of solid electrolyte interphase species and dead lithium, which leads to irreversible volume expansion. Therefore, monitoring and distinguishing the irreversible volume expansion or reversible volume expansion are the key points to analyze the capacity fade of AFLMBs. Herein, an applicable technique based on optical fiber sensors to characterize and quantize the volume change of AFLMBs is developed. By attaching fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors onto the surface of the multilayered anode‐free pouch cells, the strain evolution of the cells is successfully monitored and correlated with their electrochemical properties. It is found that the decline of surface strain fluctuation amplitude caused by the loss of active lithium is the leading indicator of battery failure. The proposed sensing technique has excellent multiplexing capability that can be considered as an elementary unit for capacity fade analysis in next‐generation battery management system.
Bulk Restructure of Perovskite Films via Surface Passivation for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Xiong Jian , Liu Naihe , Hu Xiaotian , Qi Yifang , Liu Weizhi , Dai Junqian , Zhang Yongsong , Dai Zhongjun , Zhang Xiaowen , Huang Yu , Zhang Zheling , Dai Qilin , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDefects in perovskite films and the suboptimal interface contact largely limit the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A simple surface post‐treatment with N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐d‐valine (NBDV) is developed to overcome these problems. The device performance following NBDV treatment is systemically investigated. It is showed that NBDV surface post‐treatment results in the bulk restructure of the entire perovskite film and improves the film‐forming property of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester. The grain sizes, crystallinity, trap states, cathode interfaces, as well as the built‐in field are also improved, which result in PSC performance and stability enhancement. A relatively higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.80% is reached, which is comparable to the PCE record based on single‐crystal MAPbI3. Meanwhile, the PCE of the NBDV devices can retain ≈77% and 84% of the initial value after storage for 768 h (32 days) in air and 8376 h (349 days) in N2, respectively, while the control devices only maintain ≈53% and 38% of their initial PCE values under the same exposure conditions. This work provides means to promote bulk, surface, and interface regulation toward high performance and stable inverted PSCs.
The OSSE: Development and validation of an “Objective Structured Supervision Evaluation”
Authors: Pokrajac Nicholas , Roszczynialski Kelly N. , Rider Ashley , Poffenberger Cori Mc Clure , Williams Sarah , Eakin Mc Kenzie , Sapp Richard W. , Jenkins Eric , Gisondi Michael A. , Schertzer Kimberly 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrainee supervision and teaching are distinct skills that both require faculty physician competence to ensure patient safety. No standard approach exists to teach physician supervisory competence, resulting in variable trainee oversight and safety threats. The Objective Structured Teaching Evaluation (OSTE) does not adequately incorporate the specific skills required for effective supervision. To address this continuing medical education gap, the authors aimed to develop and identify validity evidence for an “Objective Structured Supervision Evaluation” (OSSE) for attending physicians, conceptually modeled on the historic OSTE.MethodsAn expert panel used an iterative process to create an OSSE instrument, which was a checklist of key supervision items to be evaluated during a simulated endotracheal intubation scenario. Three trained “standardized residents” scored faculty participants' performance using the instrument. Validity testing modeled a contemporary approach using Kane's framework. Participants underwent simulation‐based mastery learning (SBML) with deliberate practice until meeting a minimum passing standard (MPS).ResultsThe final instrument contained 19 items, including three global rating measures. Testing domains included supervision climate, participant control of patient care, trainee evaluation, instructional skills, case‐specific measures, and overall supervisor rating. Reliability of the assessment tool was excellent (ICC range 0.84–0.89). The assessment tool had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.813). Out of 24 faculty participants, 17 (70.8%) met the MPS on initial assessment. All met the MPS after SBML and average score increased by 19.5% (95% CI of the difference 10.3%–28.8%, p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe OSSE is a promising tool to assess faculty supervision performance. Further study should evaluate the effect of OSSE training on supervision in the clinical environment, which may have measurable changes in patient‐centered outcomes and resident teaching.
Serum per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in four municipal US fire departments
Authors: Burgess Jefferey L. , Fisher Julia M. , Nematollahi Amy , Jung Alesia M. , Calkins Miriam M. , Graber Judith M. , Grant Casey C. , Beitel Shawn C. , Littau Sally R. , Gulotta John J. , Wallentine Darin D. , Hughes R. Jeffrey , Popp Charles , Calafat Antonia M. , Botelho Julianne C. , Coleman Alissa D. , Schaefer‐Solle Natasha , Louzado‐Feliciano Paola , Oduwole Simi O. , Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFirefighters have occupational and environmental exposures to per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The goal of this study was to compare serum PFAS concentrations across multiple United States fire departments to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants.MethodsNine serum PFAS were compared in 290 firefighters from four municipal fire departments (coded A–D) and three NHANES participants matched to each firefighter on sex, ethnicity, age, and PFAS collection year. Only Departments A and C had sufficient women study participants (25 and six, respectively) to compare with NHANES.ResultsIn male firefighters compared with NHANES, geometric mean perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) was elevated in Departments A–C, sum of branched perfluoromethylheptane sulfonate isomers (Sm‐PFOS) was elevated in all four departments, linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (n‐PFOS) was elevated in Departments B and C, linear perfluorooctanoate (n‐PFOA) was elevated in Departments B–D, and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) was elevated in Departments B–D, but lower in A. In male firefighters compared with NHANES, perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) was more frequently detected in Departments B and D, and 2‐(N‐methyl‐perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (MeFOSAA) was less frequently detected in Departments B–D. In female firefighters compared with NHANES, PFHxS and Sm‐PFOS concentrations were elevated in Departments A and C. Other PFAS concentrations were elevated and/or reduced in only one department or not significantly different from NHANES in any department.ConclusionsSerum PFHxS, Sm‐PFOS, n‐PFOS, n‐PFOA, and PFNA concentrations were increased in at least two of four fire departments in comparison to NHANES.
Vitamin D intake and cognitive decline in Blacks and Whites: The role of diet and supplements
Authors: Dhana Klodian , Barnes Lisa L. , Agarwal Puja , Liu Xiaoran , Dhana Anisa , Desai Pankaja , Aggarwal Neelum , Evans Denis A. , Rajan Kumar B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo determine the role of vitamin D intake on cognitive decline among Blacks and Whites.MethodsUsing data from the population‐based Chicago Health and Aging Project, we studied 2061 Blacks and 1329 Whites with dietary vitamin D data and cognitive testing over 12 years of follow‐up. Multivariable linear mixed‐effects models were used to determine the association of vitamin D intake with cognitive decline.ResultsVitamin D intake, particularly dietary vitamin D, was associated with a slower rate of decline in cognitive function among Blacks. In Blacks, comparing individuals in the lowest tertile of dietary intake, those in the highest tertile had a slower cognitive decline of 0.017 units/year (95% confidence interval 0.006, 0.027), independently of supplementation use. In Whites, vitamin D intake was not associated with cognitive decline.DiscussionDietary vitamin D may help to slow the decline in cognitive abilities among Blacks as they age.
Intact HIV Proviruses Persist in the Brain Despite Viral Suppression with ART
Authors: Cochrane Catherine R. , Angelovich Thomas A. , Byrnes Sarah J. , Waring Emily , Guanizo Aleks C. , Trollope Gemma S. , Zhou Jingling , Vue Judith , Senior Lachlan , Wanicek Emma , Eddine Janna Jamal , Gartner Matthew J. , Jenkins Trisha A. , Gorry Paul R. , Brew Bruce J. , Lewin Sharon R. , Estes Jacob D. , Roche Michael , Churchill Melissa J. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persistence in blood and tissue reservoirs, including the brain, is a major barrier to HIV cure and possible cause of comorbid disease. However, the size and replication competent nature of the central nervous system (CNS) reservoir is unclear. Here, we used the intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) to provide the first quantitative assessment of the intact and defective HIV reservoir in the brain of people with HIV (PWH).MethodsTotal, intact, and defective HIV proviruses were measured in autopsy frontal lobe tissue from viremic (n = 18) or virologically suppressed (n = 12) PWH. Total or intact/defective proviruses were measured by detection of HIV pol or the IPDA, respectively, through use of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). HIV‐seronegative individuals were included as controls (n = 6).ResultsTotal HIV DNA was present at similar levels in brain tissues from untreated viremic and antiretroviral (ART)‐suppressed individuals (median = 22.3 vs 26.2 HIV pol copies/106 cells), reflecting a stable CNS reservoir of HIV that persists despite therapy. Furthermore, 8 of 10 viremic and 6 of 9 virally suppressed PWH also harbored intact proviruses in the CNS (4.63 vs 12.7 intact copies/106 cells). Viral reservoirs in CNS and matched lymphoid tissue were similar in the composition of intact and/or defective proviruses, albeit at lower levels in the brain. Importantly, CNS resident CD68+ myeloid cells in virally suppressed individuals harbored HIV DNA, directly showing the presence of a CNS resident HIV reservoir.InterpretationOur results demonstrate the first evidence for an intact, potentially replication competent HIV reservoir in the CNS of virally suppressed PWH. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:532–544
An Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)‐Targeting DNA Nanodevice for Autophagy‐Dependent Degradation of Proteins in Membrane‐Bound Organelles
Authors: Liu Caixia X. , Wang Bin , Zhu Weiping P. , Xu Yufang F. , Yang Yangyang Y. , Qian Xuhong H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTargeted protein degradation via proteasomal and lysosomal pathways is a promising therapeutic approach, and proteins in cytoplasm or on the cell membrane can be easily contacted and have become the major targets. However, degradation of disease‐related proteins that exist in membrane‐bound organelles (MBO) such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remains unsolved due to the membrane limits. Here we describe a DNA nanodevice that shows ER targeting capacity and undergoes new intracellular degradation via the autophagy‐dependent pathway. Then the DNA nanostructure functionalized with specific ligands is used to selectively catch ER‐localized proteins and then transport them to the lysosome for degradation. Through this technique, the degradation of both exogenous ER‐resident protein (ER‐eGFP) and endogenous overexpressed molecular chaperone (glucose‐regulated protein 78) in cancer cells has been successfully executed with high efficiency.