bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dislocation structure of tungsten irradiated by light ions
Authors: Wieluńska-Kuś B. , Płociński T. , Schwarz-Selinger T. , Mayer M. , Jacob W. , Ciupiński L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Single crystalline tungsten samples were irradiated by He, D, and H at room temperature, with a calculated damage level in the peak maximum up to 0.04 dpa and with He up to 0.5 dpa. The dislocation structure of the whole damage zone was investigated perpendicular to the irradiated surface by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) under four different two-beam diffraction conditions
g =−200, 020, −110, 110 close to the [100] zone axis, taking bright-field kinematical images. The depth of the damage zone observed by TEM is in good agreement with the damage depth calculated by SRIM. The damage zones of the tungsten samples irradiated by He, D, H up to 0.04 dpa can be subdivided into four subzones. Significant differences in the dislocation structures between the different ion species despite comparable calculated damage levels were found at the depth close to the damage peak maximum. In this depth, the damage zone of tungsten irradiated by He consists of small dense dislocation loops (⩽3 nm) with high strain fields. Irradiation by D creates large dislocation loops with an average diameter of 15–22 nm depending on the set diffraction condition. The damage zone of H-irradiated tungsten is dominated by long dislocation lines at the depth of the damage peak maximum. No transition from dislocation loops to lines was found in the sample irradiated with He up to 0.5 dpa. This is probably due to He bubbles, which hinder the loops to aggregate into lines. This work shows that the displacement damage obtained by the irradiation of tungsten at room temperature with light ions is significantly different to tungsten irradiated to the same calculated damage level by medium to high-mass ions (Wielunska et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 096003 [1]).
3D pulmonary fibrosis model for anti-fibrotic drug discovery by inkjet-bioprinting
Authors: Kang Dayoon , Lee Yunji , Kim Wookyeom , Lee Hwa-Rim , Jung Sungjune 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is known as a chronic and irreversible disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation and lung architecture changes. Large efforts have been made to develop prospective treatments and study the etiology of pulmonary fibrotic diseases utilizing animal models and spherical organoids. As part of these efforts, we created an all-inkjet-printed three-dimensional (3D) alveolar barrier model that can be used for anti-fibrotic drug discovery. Then, we developed a PF model by treating the 3D alveolar barrier with pro-fibrotic cytokine and confirmed that it is suitable for the fibrosis model by observing changes in structural deposition, pulmonary function, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis markers. The model was tested with two approved anti-fibrotic drugs, and we could observe that the symptoms in the disease model were alleviated. Consequently, structural abnormalities and changes in mRNA expression were found in the induced fibrosis model, which were shown to be recovered in all drug treatment groups. The all-inkjet-printed alveolar barrier model was reproducible for disease onset and therapeutic effects in the human body. This finding emphasized that the in vitro artificial tissue with faithfully implemented 3D microstructures using bioprinting technology may be employed as a novel testing platform and disease model to evaluate potential drug efficacy.
Prominent vegetation greening in spring and autumn across China during the 1981–2018 period
Authors: Li Mingxing , Wu Peili , Ma Zhuguo , Liu Jiandong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Vegetation greening in China has been extensively examined, but little is known about its seasonal characteristics and its association with soil moisture (SM) and temperature changes. Using high-resolution (0.1°, 8 d) datasets of leaf area index (LAI), together with SM, soil temperature (ST) datasets, and the dominance analysis method, this study is designed to detect seasonal vegetation changes across China during 1981–2018 and its links to climate change. The results show that 56.8% of land area across China experienced a greening trend while 6.6% browning trend through 1981–2018. LAI increasing area expanded to a maximum of 59.3% in spring and the decreasing area reached a maximum of 10.6% in autumn. Spring increases in LAI in main vegetation regions were significantly correlated with positive ST anomalies, while autumn decreases in LAI except sparsely vegetated regions were correlated with negative SM anomalies. Combined SM and temperature anomalies explain 10.9% of the observed LAI changes, which is 4 times larger than that directly explained by precipitation and surface air temperature (2.7%). The warming of soil under climate change was driving the LAI increases, while drying was largely responsible for LAI decreases. These findings provide further evidence of climate change impacts on regional ecosystems and highlight the importance of soil heat and water conditions in translating global warming signals.
The impact of dementia, frailty and care home characteristics on SARS-CoV-2 incidence in a national cohort of Welsh care home residents during a period of high community prevalence
Authors: Emmerson Chris , Hollinghurst Joseph , North Laura , Fry Richard , Akbari Ashley , Humphreys Ciarán , Gravenor Mike B , Lyons Ronan A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
dementia may increase care home residents’ risk of COVID-19, but there is a lack of evidence on this effect and on interactions with individual and care home-level factors.

Methods
we created a national cross-sectional retrospective cohort of care home residents in Wales for 1 September to 31 December 2020. Risk factors were analysed using multi-level logistic regression to model the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality.

Results
the cohort included 9,571 individuals in 673 homes. Dementia was diagnosed in 5,647 individuals (59%); 1,488 (15.5%) individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. We estimated the effects of age, dementia, frailty, care home size, proportion of residents with dementia, nursing and dementia services, communal space and region. The final model included the proportion of residents with dementia (OR for positive test 4.54 (95% CIs 1.55–13.27) where 75% of residents had dementia compared to no residents with dementia) and frailty (OR 1.29 (95% CIs 1.05–1.59) for severe frailty compared with no frailty). Analysis suggested 76% of the variation was due to setting rather than individual factors. Additional analysis suggested severe frailty and proportion of residents with dementia was associated with all-cause mortality, as was dementia diagnosis. Mortality analyses were challenging to interpret.

Discussion
whilst individual frailty increased the risk of COVID-19 infection, dementia was a risk factor at care home but not individual level. These findings suggest whole-setting interventions, particularly in homes with high proportions of residents with dementia and including those with low/no individual risk factors may reduce the impact of COVID-19.
A realist evaluation of a multifactorial falls prevention programme in care homes
Authors: Leighton Paul A , Darby Janet , Allen Frances , Cook Marie , Evley Rachel , Fox Chris , Godfrey Maureen , Gordon Adam , Gladman John , Horne Jane , Robertson Kate , Logan Pip 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
falls in care homes are common, costly and hard to prevent.
Multifactorial falls programmes demonstrate clinical and cost-effectiveness, but the heterogeneity of the care home sector is a barrier to their implementation. A fuller appreciation of the relationship between care home context and falls programme delivery will guide development and support implementation.

Methods
this is a multi-method process evaluation informed by a realist approach.
Data include fidelity observations, stakeholder interviews, focus groups, documentary review and falls-rate data. Thematic analysis of qualitative data and descriptive statistics are synthesised to generate care home case studies.

Results
data were collected in six care homes where a falls programme was trialled. Forty-four interviews and 11 focus groups complemented observations and document review.
The impact of the programme varied. Five factors were identified: (i) prior practice and (ii) training may inhibit new ways of working; (iii) some staff may be reluctant to take responsibility for falls; (iv) some may feel that residents living with dementia cannot be prevented from falling; and, (v) changes to management may disturb local innovation.
In some care homes, training and improved awareness generated a reduction in falls without formal assessments being carried out.

Conclusions
different aspects of the falls programme sparked different mechanisms in different settings, with differing impact upon falls.
The evaluation has shown that elements of a multifactorial falls programme can work independently of each other and that it is the local context (and local challenges faced), which should shape how a falls programme is implemented.
Genomics and multimorbidity
Authors: Masoli Jane A H , Pilling Luke C , Frayling Timothy M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Multimorbidity has increased in prevalence world-wide. It is anticipated to affect over 1 in 6 of the UK population by 2035 and is now recognised as a global priority for health research. Genomic medicine has rapidly advanced over the last 20 years from the first sequencing of the human genome to integration into clinical care for rarer conditions. Genetic studies help identify new disease mechanisms as they are less susceptible to the bias and confounding that affects epidemiological studies, as genetics are assigned from conception. There is also genetic variation in the efficacy of medications and the risk of side effects, pharmacogenetics. Genomic approaches offer the potential to improve our understanding of mechanisms underpinning multiple long-term conditions/multimorbidity and guide precision approaches to risk, diagnosis and optimisation of management. In this commentary as part of the Age and Ageing 50th anniversary commentary series, we summarise genomics and the potential utility of genomics in multimorbidity.
Nondiagnostic Test Result Rates Following Thyroid Extra-Fine-Needle Aspiration
Authors: Rechter Michael , Saraph Sivan , Cohen Hector , Ronen Ohad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The first Bethesda classification category of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is nondiagnostic (ND), which indicates that the specimen’s cellularity is inadequate for evaluation. This work investigated the effect of needle diameter size on ND rates by comparing diagnostic outcomes of FNAB samples collected with 23-, 25-, and 27-gauge needles.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of samples collected from patients undergoing FNAB between 2018 and 2021. It was conducted in an otolaryngology department in a university teaching hospital.

Results
Of the 699 aspirations, 144, 335, and 220 were performed using 23-, 25-, and 27-gauge needles, respectively. ND rates increased significantly when using 27-gauge compared with 23- to 25-gauge needles (P = .002), and a significantly lower ND rate was found for the 25-gauge needle compared with the 27-gauge needle (P = .001). Furthermore, increased nodule size was associated with reduced ND rate (odds ratio, 0.801; 95% confidence interval, 0.691-0.929).

Conclusions
The 25-gauge needles are superior to 27-gauge needles in reducing ND rates of thyroid nodule FNAB specimens. Future prospective studies should be performed to confirm these findings.
The M-Value: A Simple Sensitivity Analysis for Bias Due to Missing Data in Treatment Effect Estimates
Authors: Mathur Maya B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Complete-case analyses can be biased if missing data are not missing completely at random. We propose simple sensitivity analyses that apply to complete-case estimates of treatment effects; these analyses use only simple summary data and obviate specifying the precise mechanism of missingness and making distributional assumptions. Bias arises when treatment effects differ between retained and nonretained participants or, among retained participants, the estimate is biased because conditioning on retention has induced a noncausal path between the treatment and outcome. We thus bound the overall treatment effect on the difference scale by specifying: 1) the unobserved treatment effect among nonretained participants; and 2) the strengths of association that unobserved variables have with the exposure and with the outcome among retained participants (“induced confounding associations”). Working with the former sensitivity parameter subsumes certain existing methods of worst-case imputation while also accommodating less-conservative assumptions (e.g., that the treatment is not detrimental on average even among nonretained participants). As an analog to the E-value for confounding, we propose the M-value, which represents, for a specified treatment effect among nonretained participants, the strength of induced confounding associations required to reduce the treatment effect to the null or to any other value. These methods could help characterize the robustness of complete-case analyses to potential bias due to missing data.
Cognitive Complaints Assessment and Neuropsychiatric Disorders After Mild COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Hammerle Mariana Beiral , Sales Deborah Santos , Pinheiro Patricia Gomes , Gouvea Elisa Gutman , de Almeida Pedro Ignacio F M , de Araujo Davico Clarissa , Souza Rayanne S , Spedo Carina Tellaroli , Nicaretta Denise Hack , Alvarenga Regina Maria Papais , Pires Karina Lebeis , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos , Vasconcelos Claudia Cristina Ferreira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze cognitive impairment associated with long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome and its correlation with anxiety, depression, and fatigue in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 127 patients with COVID-19. Tests to screen for neuropsychiatric symptoms included the Fatigue Severity Scale, Mini-Mental State Exam 2 (MMSE-2), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsIn cognitive tests, SDMT was abnormal in 22%, being more sensitive than MMSE-2 to detect cognitive changes. Furthermore, although manifestations such as fatigue, depression, and anxiety were frequent in the post-COVID-19 phase, these 3 conditions, known to contribute to cognitive impairment, were slightly correlated with worse performance on the rapid screening tests.ConclusionsIn patients with mild COVID-19 and cognitive complaints, SDMT helped to confirm disturbances in the attention domain and processing speed.
RNAlight: a machine learning model to identify nucleotide features determining RNA subcellular localization
Authors: Yuan Guo-Hua , Wang Ying , Wang Guang-Zhong , Yang Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDifferent RNAs have distinct subcellular localizations. However, nucleotide features that determine these distinct distributions of lncRNAs and mRNAs have yet to be fully addressed. Here, we develop RNAlight, a machine learning model based on LightGBM, to identify nucleotide k-mers contributing to the subcellular localizations of mRNAs and lncRNAs. With the Tree SHAP algorithm, RNAlight extracts nucleotide features for cytoplasmic or nuclear localization of RNAs, indicating the sequence basis for distinct RNA subcellular localizations. By assembling k-mers to sequence features and subsequently mapping to known RBP-associated motifs, different types of sequence features and their associated RBPs were additionally uncovered for lncRNAs and mRNAs with distinct subcellular localizations. Finally, we extended RNAlight to precisely predict the subcellular localizations of other types of RNAs, including snRNAs, snoRNAs and different circular RNA transcripts, suggesting the generality of using RNAlight for RNA subcellular localization prediction.
AKT/GSK-3beta/VEGF signaling is involved in P2RY2 activation-induced the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer
Authors: Dong Cai-Rong , Hu Dong-Xia , Liu Si-Cheng , Luo Hong-Liang , Zhang Wen-Jun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies have revealed the contribution of ATP-G-protein-coupled P2Y2 receptor (P2RY2) in tumor progression, but the role of P2RY2 in regulating the progression of gastric cancer (GC) and related molecular mechanisms are relatively lacking. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of P2RY2 on the proliferation and migration of GC through in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed that P2RY2 was expressed in GC tissues and GC cell lines. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) increased the calcium influx in AGS and HGC-27 cells, and was dose-dependent with ATP concentration. ATP and UTP increased the intracellular glycogen content, enhanced the actin fiber stress response, and promoted the proliferation and migration of GC cells, while P2RY2 competitive antagonist AR-C118925XX reversed the changes induced by ATP. Knockdown of P2RY2 expression by shRNA inhibited the proliferation of GC cells. Activation of P2RY2 increased the expression of Snail, Vimentin, and β-catenin in GC cells, and down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin, while AR-C118925XX decreased the expression of these genes induced by ATP. Activation of P2RY2 activated AKT/GSK-3beta/VEGF signal to promote the proliferation of GC cells, and the P13/AKT signaling pathway LY294002 reversed the corresponding phenomenon, but no synergistic pharmacological properties of AR-C118925XX and LY294002 have been found. In vivo experiments showed that ATP-induced tumor growth, while AR-C118925XX inhibited ATP-induced tumor growth. Our conclusion is that P2RY2 activated the AKT/GSK-3beta/VEGF signal to promote the proliferation and migration of GC, suggesting that P2RY2 may be a new potential target for the treatment of GC.
Novel objects with causal event schemas elicit selective responses in tool- and hand-selective lateral occipitotemporal cortex
Authors: Leshinskaya Anna , Bajaj Mira , Thompson-Schill Sharon L 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTool-selective lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) responds preferentially to images of tools (hammers, brushes) relative to non-tool objects (clocks, shoes). What drives these responses? Unlike other objects, tools exert effects on their surroundings. We tested whether LOTC responses are influenced by event schemas that denote different temporal relations. Participants learned about novel objects embedded in different event sequences. Causer objects moved prior to the appearance of an environmental event (e.g. stars), while Reactor objects moved after an event. Visual features and motor association were controlled. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants viewed still images of the objects. We localized tool-selective LOTC and non-tool-selective parahippocampal cortex (PHC) by contrasting neural responses to images of familiar tools and non-tools. We found that LOTC responded more to Causers than Reactors, while PHC did not. We also measured responses to images of hands, which elicit overlapping responses with tools. Across inferior temporal cortex, voxels’ tool and hand selectivity positively predicted a preferential response to Causers. We conclude that an event schema typical of tools is sufficient to drive LOTC and that category-preferential responses across the temporal lobe may reflect relational event structures typical of those domains.
Co-inhibition of immunoproteasome subunits LMP2 and LMP7 enables prevention of transplant arteriosclerosis
Authors: Li Jun , Hu Shaobo , Johnson Henry W B , Kirk Christopher J , Xian Peng , Song Yanping , Li Yuan , Liu Nan , Groettrup Marcus , Basler Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
The loss of vascular wall cells in allotransplanted arteries is the initial event leading to transplant arteriosclerosis (TA) and ensuing loss of allograft function. Pharmacological agents able to prevent TA are currently lacking. We previously showed that selective inhibition of the immunoproteasome prevented the chronic rejection of renal allografts. However, the role and mechanisms of selective inhibition of a single immunoproteasome subunit to prevent immune-mediated vascular allograft rejection and TA is not clear.

Methods and results
The effect and potential mechanism of combined or individual inhibition of peptidolytically active immunoproteasome LMP7 (β5i) and LMP2 (β1i) subunits on immune rejection-mediated TA was investigated using the epoxyketone inhibitor ONX 0914, and the recently developed LMP7-selective inhibitor KZR-329 and LMP2-selective inhibitor KZR-504 in a rat aorta transplantation model. We find that co-inhibition of LMP7 and LMP2 in allogeneic recipients significantly suppressed T-cell activation and function by expressing inhibitory surface markers and then activating inhibitory signals. Moreover, co-inhibition of LMP7 and LMP2 substantially reduced the number of immunoglobulin G-secreting cells and plasma cells and production of alloantibodies through activating the unfolded protein response and incapacitating the survival niche of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Consequentially, the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines, complement, and antibodies is reduced and the apoptosis of vascular wall cells decreased in aortic allografts via LMP7 and LMP2 co-inhibition with ONX 0914 treatment or combined KZR-329 and KZR-504 treatment. However, neither individual inhibition of LMP7 by KZR-329 nor individual inhibition of LMP2 by KZR-504 showed suppression of immune rejection and TA.

Conclusions
We define a critical role of LMP7 and LMP2 in TA and strongly propose co-inhibition of both immunoproteasome subunits as promising therapeutic approach to suppress TA and allograft rejection.