bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of air pressure, wind speed, and temperature are correlated with an increased risk of clinical infection from Vibrio vulnificus in endemic areas
Authors: Ayala Andrea J. , Munyenyembe Ketty , Almagro-Moreno Salvador , Ogbunugafor C. Brandon 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTVibrio vulnificus remains one of the deadliest waterborne pathogens, yet little is known of the ecology that drive outbreaks. As a nationally notifiable disease, all cases of Vibrio vulnificus diagnosed in the United States are reported to the state in which they occurred, as well as the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia. Given that the state of Florida is a ‘hotspot’ for Vibrio vulnificus in the United States, we examined the prevalence and incidence of cases reported to the Florida Department of Health (2008-2020). Using a dataset comprised of 448 cases of disease caused by Vibrio vulnificus infection, we identified environmental variables that were associated with clinical cases and deaths. Combined with data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), we developed statistical models to examine the relationship between meteorological measurements such as wind speed, air temperature, water temperature, and sea-level pressure. We then examined the association of those meteorological variables with coastal cases of Vibrio vulnificus, including the outcome, survival, or death. Between 2008 and 2020, Vibrio vulnificus cases generally increased over time, peaking in 2017. Not surprisingly, there appears to be a strong correlation between water temperature and air temperature in Florida. However, as water temperature and air temperature increased, so too did the likelihood that an infection with Vibrio vulnificus would lead to patient death. Interestingly, we also found that as mean wind speed and sea-level pressure decreased, the probability that a Vibrio vulnificus case would be reported increased. Given these results, we discuss the potential factors that may contribute to the observed correlations. We further speculate that the meteorological variables we measured may increase in importance as they relate to the incidence of Vibrio vulnificus in light of rising global temperatures.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Analysis of the current state of acupuncture clinical trial registration and reporting: for the past 9 years
Authors: Zhang Quanai , Lv Huijuan , Fu Yun , Chen Benlu , Cai Yingying , Zhang Qiwen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of acupuncture clinical trials are registered, but the reports of results and data transparency are unclear. We aim to analyze and evaluate the current state of registration and reports of acupuncture clinical trials.MethodsThis paper focused on the acupuncture clinical trials that met the criteria in relevant studies registered and published during the period between 1 Jan 2013 to 31 Dec 2021. We traced by email to leaders that the report could not be searched. Besides, questionnaire investigation was chosen to acupuncture clinicians around by WeChat.ResultsThe overall reporting rate of acupuncture clinical trial results from the two registration centers was 25%. Clinicaltrials.gov reporting rate was 12% and that from ChiCTR was 41%. Only a small proportion of trials were available on the registry website. Only the NIH clinical registry platform has records on the status of studies. We only received 3 replies that indicated the project was due to be ended but not completed. According to questionnaire, 157 clinicians have led clinical projects in Acupuncture. It shows that 84% projects were ended but not completed or not completed by the due date. About the reasons that caused the failure to find articles after the end of the project, 85% participants thought projects were ended but not completed or not completed by the due date. 15% participants thought projects were manuscript rejected, manuscript accepted but not in print, results protected, registration number unmarked, project delayed or negative results not submitted.ConclusionThe number of acupuncture clinical trial registrations is steadily increasing, but the reporting rate of trial results is relatively low and the transparency of data is not ideal. Therefore, first of all, researchers should put more attention on trials designed, trial reported and respect to science. Secondly, set up a research progress tracker on registration platforms accessible to the public users. At the same time, the journal is suggested that adjust the evaluation criteria for reporting the negative results. Researchers with negative results are encouraged to show. Most importantly, the funders are recommended to optimize the ended review.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2-associated perioperative ketoacidosis: a protocol for SAPKA systematic review
Authors: Seki Hiroyuki , Ideno Satoshi , Shiga Toshiya , Watanabe Hidenobu , Ono Motoaki , Motoyasu Akira , Noguchi Hikari , Kondo Kazuya , Yoshikawa Takahiro , Hoshijima Hiroshi , Hyuga Shunsuke , Shishii Miho , Nagai Ai , Higashi Midoriko , Ouchi Takashi , Yasuda Kazuki , Kuratani Norifumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, reports have increased regarding patients treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) who develop severe ketoacidosis during the perioperative period. This systematic review aims to extrapolate precipitating factors from case reports of SGLT2i-associated perioperative ketoacidosis.MethodsTwo independent researchers will search PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, up to June 1, 2022, with no language restrictions, to identify reports of perioperative ketoacidosis associated with SGLT2i use. We will include case reports/series describing patients taking SGLT2i who developed ketoacidosis (defined as blood pH < 7.3 and blood or urine ketone positivity) pre-, intra-, or postoperatively up to 30 days following surgery. Patients for whom SGLT2i was newly prescribed postoperatively and those for whom the diagnosis of ketoacidosis does not fulfill our criteria will be excluded.Competing interest statementDr. Yasuda reports receiving grants from Ono Pharmaceutical and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation.Funding statementThe Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (Grant Number 21K06676) funded this study.
Mental health, longitudinal ART adherence, and viral suppression among adolescents and adults living with HIV in South Africa: a cohort study
Authors: Haas Andreas D. , Lienhard Raphael , Didden Christiane , Cornell Morna , Folb Naomi , Boshomane Tebatso M. G. , Salazar-Vizcaya Luisa , Ruffieux Yann , Nyakato Patience , Wettstein Anja E. , Tlali Mpho , Davies Mary-Ann , von Groote Per , Wainberg Milton , Maartens Gary , Joska John A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionMental disorders are highly prevalent among people living with HIV and are associated with adverse HIV treatment outcomes. We assessed HIV treatment outcomes in patients with and without mental health diagnoses by sex and age.MethodsUsing hospital, outpatient and pharmacy claims and laboratory data from 2011 to 2020, we followed HIV-positive adolescents and adults aged ≥15 years who enrolled in a South African private sector HIV treatment programme. We performed a longitudinal trajectory analysis to identify patients with similar adherence patterns and examined associations between mental health diagnoses and adherence patterns using multinomial logistic regression. We examined non-adherence and viral non-suppression (VNS, viral load >400 copies/mL) in patients with and without mental health diagnoses by sex and age using mixed-effects Poisson regression models.Results54,378 patients were followed for a median of 3.5 years (IQR 1.9-6.4), 20,743 (38%) of whom had received a mental health diagnosis. 90% of patients had HIV viral load <400 copies/mL, 73% had continuously high adherence, 13% had decreasing adherence, 6% had increasing adherence, and 7% were continuously non-adherent. Mental health diagnoses were associated with decreasing adherence (aRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.28-1.55), increasing adherence (aRR 1.59, 95% 1.41-1.79), and continuous non-adherence (aRR 2.02, 95% 1.81-2.25). The risk of VNS was increased among patients with organic mental disorders (aRR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22-1.96), substance use disorders (aRR 1.53 95% CI 1.19-1.97), serious mental disorders (aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.54), and depression (aRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.28) compared to patients without mental health diagnoses. The risk of VNS was also increased among men (aRR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.31-1.67), adolescents (15-19 years, aRR 2.72, 95% CI 2.29-3.24) and young adults (20-24 years, aRR 2.29, 95% CI 1.83-2.85) compared to adults aged 25-34 years. Adolescents and young adults with and without mental health diagnoses had low viral suppression rates (≤66%); women aged 45 or older with mental health diagnoses had suppression rates of 92-95%.ConclusionOur study highlights the need for psychosocial interventions to improve HIV treatment outcomes, particularly for adolescents and young adults, and supports strengthening mental health services in paediatric and general HIV treatment programs.
RAGE engagement by SARS-CoV-2 enables monocyte infection and underlies COVID-19 severity
Authors: Angioni R. , Bonfanti M. , Caporale N. , Sánchez-Rodríguez R. , Munari F. , Savino A. , Buratto D. , Pagani I. , Bertoldi N. , Zanon C. , Ferrari P. , Ricciardelli E. , Putaggio C. , Ghezzi S. , Elli F. , Rotta L. , Iorio F. , Zonta F. , Cattelan A. , Vicenzi E. , Molon B. , Villa C.E. , Viola A. , Testa G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe spread of SARS-CoV-2 has fueled the COVID-19 pandemic with its enduring medical and socioeconomic challenges due to subsequent waves and long-term consequences of great concern. Here we charted the molecular basis of COVID-19 pathogenesis, by analysing patients’ immune response at single-cell resolution across disease course and severity. This approach uncovered cell subpopulation-specific dysregulation in COVID-19 across disease course and severity and identified a severity-associated activation of the receptor for advanced glycation endproduct (RAGE) pathway in monocytes.In vitroexperiments confirmed that monocytes bind the SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD via RAGE and that RAGE-Spike interactions drive monocyte infection. Our results demonstrate that RAGE is a novel functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2 contributing to COVID-19 severity.One-Sentence SummaryMonocyte SARS-CoV-2 infection via the receptor for advanced glycation endproduct triggers severe COVID-19.
Post-covid medical complaints after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron vs Delta variants - a prospective cohort study
Authors: Magnusson Karin , Kristoffersen Doris Tove , Dell’Isola Andrea , Kiadaliri Ali , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Runhaar Jos , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita , Englund Martin , Magnus Per Minor , Kinge Jonas Minet 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo examine whether persons infected with the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant have an altered risk of post-covid complaints and healthcare use when compared to 1) persons testing negative, and 2) persons with delta.DesignProspective cohort study with 126 days follow-up and a time-to-event approach.SettingA registry-based study including Norwegian residents.ParticipantsAll persons aged 18-70 years living in Norway and who had a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 (N=105 196, mean (SD) age 42 (14), 50% women)) or positive test with confirmed omicron variant (N=13 028, mean (SD) age 37 (13), 50% women) or delta variant (N=23 368, mean (SD) age 40 (12), 50% women) in December 2021. Individuals with hospital contacts or non-screened PCR test were excluded.Main outcome measuresSymptoms/complaints and diagnosis of musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, cough, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, anxiety/depression and brain fog at the general practitioner or emergency ward as recorded in national registries and as observed for the whole follow-up period as well as in periods 14-30 days, 30-90 days and 90 days or more.ResultsPersons with omicron or delta had similarly increased risk of post-covid fatigue compared to persons testing negative, with a hazard ratio (HR)=1.21 (CI:1.10-1.33) for omicron and HR=1.26 (CI: 1.17-1.35) for delta, for up to 126 days after the test date. They also had an increased risk of shortness of breath (HR=1.43, CI, 1.14-1.80 and HR=1.70, CI, 1.46-1.98 for omicron and delta, respectively, relative to negative). Omicron was related with a similar, and no increased risk of musculoskeletal pain, cough, heart palpitations, anxiety/depression when compared to delta and when compared to test negative. The risk of complaints was similar for omicron and delta and decreased over time for the post-covid periods 14-30 days, 30-90 days and 90 days or more.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 omicron and delta infection are associated with similarly increased risks of post-covid complaints when compared to non-infected. The omicron variant will likely lead to a temporarily increased burden on healthcare services.
Comparison of cardiovascular and renal outcomes between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lim Jayoung , Hwang In-Chang , Choi Hong-Mi , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Cho Goo-Yeong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe cardiovascular and renal benefits of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been clearly demonstrated. However, studies comparing the effects of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes without prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure.MethodsUsing a propensity-score matching method, we retrospectively analyzed 921 patients treated with dapagliflozin, 921 patients treated with empagliflozin, and 1842 patients treated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i; control group). Study outcomes comprised composite coronary events (acute coronary syndrome and coronary revascularization), composite ischemic events (coronary events and stroke), and composite heart failure and renal events.ResultsDuring follow up (median, 43.4 months), the incidence of composite coronary events was significantly lower in the SGLT2i groups than in the control group, and the incidence of composite ischemic events was lower in the dapagliflozin group than in the control group. Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin both demonstrated significant benefits in terms of heart failure and renal outcomes, supported by renoprotective effects, as assessed by the change in glomerular filtration rate. At 24–36 months of treatment, the empagliflozin group had higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and lower glycated hemoglobin levels, compared to those in the dapagliflozin and control groups.ConclusionSGLT2i use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, heart failure hospitalization, and renal events, compared to that with DPP4i use. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, supporting a SGLT2i class effect.
Spontaneous object exploration in a recessive gene knockout model of Parkinson’s disease: Development and progression of object recognition memory deficits in male Pink1-/- rats
Authors: Pinizzotto Claudia C. , Dreyer Katherine M. , Aje Oluwagbohunmi A. , Caffrey Ryan M. , Madhira Keertana , Kritzer Mary F 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTCognitive impairments appear at or before motor signs in about one third of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and have a cumulative prevalence of roughly 80% overall. These deficits exact an unrelenting toll on patients’ quality and activities of daily life due in part to a lack of available treatments to ameliorate them. This study used three well-validated novel object recognition-based paradigms to explore the suitability of rats with knockout of the PTEN-induced putative kinase1 gene (Pink1) for investigating factors that induce cognitive decline in PD and for testing new ways to mitigate them. Longitudinal testing of rats from three to nine months of age revealed significant impairments in male Pink1-/- rats compared to wild type controls in Novel Object Recognition, Novel Object Location and Object-in-Place tasks. Task-specific differences in the progression of object discrimination/memory deficits across age were also seen. Finally, testing using an elevated plus maze, a tapered balance beam and a grip strength gauge showed that in all cases recognition memory deficits preceded potentially confounding impacts of gene knockout on affect or motor function. Taken together, these findings suggest that knockout of the Pink1 gene negatively impacts the brain circuits and/or neurochemical systems that support performance in object recognition tasks. Further investigations using Pink1-/-rats and object recognition memory tasks should provide new insights into the neural underpinnings of the visual recognition memory and visuospatial information processing deficits that are often seen in PD patients and accelerate the pace of discovery of better ways to treat them.
An Approach for Estimating Explanation Uncertainty in fMRI dFNC Classification
Authors: Ellis Charles A. , Miller Robyn L. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, many neuroimaging studies have begun to integrate gradient-based explainability methods to provide insight into key features. However, existing explainability approaches typically generate a point estimate of importance and do not provide insight into the degree of uncertainty associated with explanations. In this study, we present a novel approach for estimating explanation uncertainty for convolutional neural networks (CNN) trained on neuroimaging data. We train a CNN for classification of individuals with schizophrenia (SZs) and controls (HCs) using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) data. We apply Monte Carlo batch normalization (MCBN) and generate an explanation following each iteration using layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP). We then examine whether the resulting distribution of explanations differs between SZs and HCs and examine the relationship between MCBN-based LRP explanations and regular LRP explanations. We find a number of significant differences in LRP relevance for SZs and HCs and find that traditional LRP values frequently diverge from the MCBN relevance distribution. This study provides a novel approach for obtaining insight into the level of uncertainty associated with gradient-based explanations in neuroimaging and represents a significant step towards increasing reliability of explainable deep learning methods within a clinical setting.
Image-to-image generative adversarial networks for synthesizing perfusion parameter maps from DSC-MR images in cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Kossen Tabea , Madai Vince I , Mutke Matthias A , Hennemuth Anja , Hildebrand Kristian , Behland Jonas , Hilbert Adam , Sobesky Jan , Bendszus Martin , Frey Dietmar 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTStroke is a major cause for death or disability. As imaging based patient stratification improves acute stroke therapy, dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) is is of major interest to image brain perfusion. However, expert-level perfusion maps require a manual or semi-manual post-processing by a medical expert making the procedure time-consuming and less standardized. Modern machine learning methods such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) have the potential to automate the perfusion map generation on an expert-level without manual validation. We propose a modified pix2pix GAN with a temporal component (temp-pix2pix-GAN) that generates perfusion maps in an end-to-end fashion. We train our model on perfusion maps infused with expert knowledge to encode it into the GANs. The performance was trained and evaluated using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) on two datasets including acute stroke patients and patients with steno-occlusive disease. Our temp-pix2pix architecture showed high performance on the acute stroke dataset for all perfusion maps (mean SSIM 0.92-0.99) and good performance on data including patients with steno-occlusive disease (mean SSIM 0.84-0.99). While clinical validation is still necessary in future studies, our results mark an important step towards automated expert-level perfusion maps and thus, fast patient stratification.
Individual brain regulation as learned via neurofeedback is related to affective changes in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Klöbl Manfred , Prillinger Karin , Diehm Robert , Doganay Kamer , Lanzenberger Rupert , Poustka Luise , Plener Paul , Konicar Lilian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEven though emotions often play a role in neurofeedback (NF) regulation strategies, investigations of the relationship between the induced neuronal changes and improvements in affective domains are scare in electroencephalography-based studies. We thus extend the findings of the first study on slow cortical potential (SCP) NF in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by relating affective changes to whole-brain activity at rest and during regulation.MethodsForty-one male adolescents with ASD were scanned at rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after half of them underwent NF training and half received treatment as usual. Furthermore, parents reported on affective characteristics at both times. The NF group had to alternatingly produce negative and positive SCP during training and was additionally scanned while applying their developed regulation strategies.ResultsWe did not find significant treatment group-by-time interactions in affective or resting-state measures. However, we found increases of resting activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and right inferior temporal gyrus as well as improvements in affective characteristics over both groups. Activation corresponding to SCP differentiation in these regions correlated with the affective improvements. A further correlation was found for Rolandic operculum activation corresponding to positive SCP shifts. There were no significant correlations with the respective achieved SCP regulation during NF training.ConclusionSCP NF in ASD did not lead to superior improvements in neuronal or affective functioning compared to treatment as usual. However, the affective changes might be related to the individual strategies and their corresponding activation patterns as indicated by significant correlations on the whole-brain level but not the achieved SCP regulation.Trial registrationThis clinical trial was registered at drks.de (DRKS00012339) on 20thApril, 2017.