bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases among Adolescents Living with HIV: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ndirangu-Mugo Eunice , Shumba Constance Sibongile , Gatiti Peter , Mutwiri Benard Daniel , Abubakar Amina , Teitelman Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile the uptake of antiretroviral drugs has rapidly expanded among adolescents and adults living with HIV, research evidence suggests that people living with HIV have a higher risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With more than 35% of the global burden of NCDs stemming from adolescence, there is a need to comprehend the existing evidence on early prevention, detection, and disease management, especially among the at-risk population. In line with the WHO Global Action Plan, 2013–2020 and “Best Buys”, recommendations on practical interventions for NCDs prevention, this systematic review seeks to synthesise evidence on the current interventions for preventing NCDs among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) and assessing the effectiveness of interventions targeted at preventing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer among ALHIV. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The bibliographic database search yielded 2588 articles, though only four (4) studies met the inclusion criteria after screening for eligibility. While sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suffers the brunt of HIV and NCDs, only one study was conducted in SSA, and three in high-income countries (Brazil and the USA). Physical activity and aerobic exercises (lifestyle interventions) indicated potential beneficial health effects in reducing cardiovascular conditions and improving quality of life among ALHIV. Hospital-based training and a home-based exercise program effectively improved fitness strengths and changes in body composition. Despite the disproportionate global burden of the HIV and NCDs comorbidities, limited adolescent-specific evidence exists on the interventions for the prevention of NCDs among ALHIV. Thus, there is a need for health policy experts and researchers to steer research on interventions focused on the various NCDs among the ALHIV.
Creep Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of Hard Brittle Mud Shale
Authors: Fang Xinxin , Feng Hong , Li Fengling , Wang Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMud shale is characterized by low strength and strong swelling, with rheological effects and deformation caused by drilling fluid and formation water. Establishing a rheological model to characterize the deformation characteristics is key to solving the problem of wellbore stability. The influence of moisture content on rock strength and creep mechanical properties were studied by means of water absorption, uniaxial compression, and creep tests. The tests showed that with the increase in moisture content, the elastic modulus and strength of hard brittle mud shale decreased. Further, under the same load, the instantaneous strain increased with increasing moisture content. Meanwhile, under various loading stresses, rock creep exhibited non-linear characteristics, which can be divided into three different creep stages: attenuated creep, stable creep, and accelerated creep. Starting with a non-linear viscous dashpot, and then introducing aging degradation and water-bearing weakening effects, based on the water-bearing creep characteristics of hard brittle shale as well as the modeling ideas of the classic component combination model, a new improved creep model based on the Nishihara model was established to describe the characteristics of the accelerated creep stage of hard brittle mud shale with various moisture contents. Subsequently, the Levenberg–Marquardt non-linear, least-squares method was adopted to invert the creep parameters. The results showed that the simulated creep curves achieved by employing the new creep model were consistent with the experimental results, thereby confirming the ability of the new non-linear creep model to provide a theoretical reference for the study of wellbore stability of hard brittle mud shale.
An optimization approach in the development of a new correlation for two-phase heat transfer coefficient of R744 in a microchannel
Authors: Wan Zaidi Wan Muhammad Zaid , Mohd-Yunos Yushazaziah , Mohd-Ghazali Normah , Pamitran Agus Sunjarianto , Oh Jong-Taek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo date, no single method has been found to satisfactorily predict the two-phase heat transfer coefficient of R744 refrigerant in small channels. Studies are continuously being done to obtain a coefficient with acceptable mean absolute error (MAE) which measures the difference between the predicted and experimentally determined coefficient values. It is important to have available accurate heat transfer coefficient correlation for the two-phase heat transfer coefficient so that a compact heat exchanger that maximizes device performance while reducing cost and energy needs can be designed. In this study, genetic algorithm (GA) is used as an optimization tool to achieve a more accurate correlation for R744 in a microchannel by minimizing the MAE. Over 536 sets of experimental data from previous studies were utilized, optimizing the six constants appearing in the force convective factor, F, and nucleate boiling suppression factor, S, of the selected superposition correlation. The results showed that the MAE between the newly optimized correlation and selected experimental data at all ranges of vapor quality has been successfully reduced from 38.39 to 34.40%. With more available data, the suggested method can be utilized to achieve a more accurate empirical prediction that matches well with the experimental data.
Current Issues in Health Technology Assessment of Cancer Therapies: A Survey of Stakeholders and Opinion Leaders in Australia
Authors: Kim Hansoo , Liew Danny , Goodall Stephen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to find ways of bridging the gap in opinions concerning health technology assessment (HTA) in reimbursement submission between manufacturers and payers to avoid access delays for patients of vital medicines such as oncology drugs. This was done by investigating differences and similarities of opinion among key stakeholders in Australia.MethodsThe survey comprised of nine sections: background demographics, general statements on HTA, clinical claim, extrapolations, quality of life, costs and health resource utilization, agreements, decision making, and capability/capacity. Responses to each question were summarized using descriptive statistics and comparisons were made using chi-square statistics.ResultsThere were ninety-seven respondents in total, thirty-seven from the public sector (academia/government) and sixty from the private sector (industry/consultancies). Private and public sector respondents had similar views on clinical claims. They were divided when it came to extrapolation of survival data and costs and health resource utilization. However, they generally agreed that rebates are useful, outcomes-based agreements are difficult to implement, managed entry schemes are required when data are limited, and willingness to pay is higher in cancer compared to other therapeutic areas. They also agreed that training mostly takes place through on the job training and that guideline updates were a least favored opportunity for continued training.ConclusionsPrivate sector respondents favor methods that reduce the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio when compared to the public sector respondents. There still exist a number of challenges for HTA in oncology and many research opportunities as a result of this study.
Temporal changes in the proportion ofSalmonellaoutbreaks associated with 12 food commodity groups in the United States
Authors: Williams Michael S. , Ebel Eric D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing data from 20 years ofSalmonellafoodborne outbreaks, this study investigates significant trends in the proportion of outbreaks associated with 12 broad commodity groups. Outbreak counts are demonstrated to have a stronger trend signal than outbreak illness counts. The number of outbreaks with an identified food vehicle increased significantly between 1998 and 2000. This was followed by a 10-year period when the number of outbreaks decreased. The number of outbreaks increased significantly between 2010 and 2014 and then remained unchanged for the remainder of the study period. During the period of 1998 through 2017, the proportion of outbreaks for three commodities groups, consisting of eggs, pork and seeded vegetables, changed significantly. No significant changes were observed in the remaining nine commodity groups. Simple approximations are derived to highlight the effect of dependencies between outbreak proportions and a consumption analysis for meat and poultry is used to enhance the limited interpretability of the changes in these proportions. Given commodity-specific approaches to verifying food safety and promoting pathogen reduction, regulatory agencies benefit from analyses that elucidate illness trends attributable to the products under their jurisdiction. Results from this trend analysis can be used to inform the development and assessment of new pathogen reduction programmes in the United States.
Clifford's Consequentialism
Authors: Zamulinski Brian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is morally negligent or reckless to believe without sufficient evidence. The foregoing proposition follows from a rule that is a modified expression of W. K. Clifford's ethics of belief. Clifford attempted to prove that it is always wrong to believe without sufficient evidence by advancing a doxastic counterpart to an act utilitarian argument. Contrary to various commentators, his argument is neither purely nor primarily epistemic, he is not a non-consequentialist, and he does not use stoicism to make his case. Clifford's conclusion is a universal generalisation that is in a precarious position because of potential counterexamples. But the counterexamples do not preclude a rule against going beyond the available evidence and it is worthwhile making a moral case for such a rule.
Megatsunamis and microbial life on early Mars
Authors: Veysi Hadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is currently believed that early Mars had a vast and shallow ocean, and microbial life may have formed in it, albeit for a short geological time. The geological evidence indicates that during the existence of this ocean, large collisions occurred on the surface of Mars, which led to the formation of megatsunamis in its palaeo-ocean. Previous research has reported on the effects of tsunami waves on microbial ecosystems in the Earth's oceans. This work indicates that tsunami waves can cause changes in the physico-chemical properties of seawater, as well as tsunami-affected land soils. These factors can certainly affect microbial life. Other researchers have shown that there are large microbial communities of marine prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) in tsunami-induced sediments. These results led us to investigate the impact of tsunami waves on the proposed microbial life in the ancient Martian ocean, and its role in the preservation or non-preservation of Martian microbial life as a fossil signature.
Start even Smaller, and then more Random. Comment on “Start Small, not Random: Why does Justifying your Time-Lag Matter?” by Yannick Griep, Ivana Vranjes, Johannes M. Kraak, Leonie Dudda, & Yingjie Li
Authors: Dormann Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The focal article by Griep and colleagues raises some highly important issues and it is timely to further advance organizational behavior (OB) and work and organizational psychology (WOP). It comes at the right time because the last two decades can be characterized by two opposing trends. On the one hand, there have been exciting developments in statistical methods to appropriately model time in statistical analyses, while on the other hand, the vast majority of studies have not considered time in analyses, or have not done so appropriately. For the sake of brevity, I use ‘temporal design’ and ‘temporal analysis’ as umbrella terms. As Griep et al. succinctly claim, many opportunities for better temporal designs and temporal analyses have been missed and there is a strong need to do better in the future. In this commentary, I add to some of the important issues raised and call for changes in future research.
Anthropogenic Carbon Increase has Caused Critical Shifts in Aragonite Saturation Across a Sensitive Coastal System
Authors: Jarníková Tereza , Ianson Debby , Allen Susan E. , Shao Andrew E. , Olson Elise M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEstuarine systems host a rich diversity of marine life that is vulnerable to changes in ocean chemistry due to addition of anthropogenic carbon. However, the detection and impact of secular carbon trends in these systems is complicated by heightened natural variability as compared to open‐ocean regimes. We investigate biogeochemical changes between the pre‐industrial (PI) and modern periods using a high‐resolution, three‐dimensional, biophysical model of the Salish Sea, a representative Northeast Pacific coastal system. While the seasonal amplitude of the air‐sea difference in pCO2 has increased on average since pre‐industrial times, the net CO2 source has changed little. Our simulations show that inorganic carbon has increased throughout the model domain by 29–39 mmol m−3 (28–38 µmol kg−1) from the pre‐industrial to present. While this increase is modest in a global context, the region's naturally high inorganic carbon content and the low buffering capacity of the local carbonate system amplify the resultant effects. Notably, this increased carbon drives the estuary toward system‐wide undersaturation of aragonite, negatively impacting shell‐forming organisms. Undersaturation events were rare during the pre‐industrial experiment, with 10%–25% of the domain undersaturated by volume throughout the year, while under present‐day conditions, the majority (55%–75%) of the system experiences corrosive, undersaturated conditions year‐round. These results are extended using recent global coastal observations to show that estuaries throughout the Pacific Rim have already undergone a similar saturation state regime shift.
Drawings to explore faculties‘ and students‘ perceptions from different generations cohorts about dental education: A pilot study
Authors: Grazziotin-Soares Renata , Ardenghi Diego Machado 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction/Aims
We aimed at using drawings as a form of data collection to give voice to older and younger generations in regards to educational practices in undergraduate dentistry.

Materials and methods
First year dental students (younger generations) and faculty members (older generations) produced drawings depicting their perceptions of the current dental education learning environment. Qualitative analysis was conducted independently by two researchers using the drawings to produce codes, categories and themes.

Results
15 drawings were produced: 9/34 (26.4%) made by students and 6/20 (30%) made by faculty members. The generated themes indicated that students and faculties found that dental education is going through a challenging time, because of the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; and that they were aware about the evident division between basic/preclinical and applied/clinical courses. Faculties showed hopeful signs that the situation may get better. Students‘ drawings evoked the following topics: digital connectedness, diversity, time goes by, and future aspirations in Dentistry.

Discussion
This study reinforced the validity of visual methods as an approach in research and showed different graphical features (features that might be intentionally or unintentionally represented in the drawings) that gave voice to participants. These voices could have been invisible in more traditional qualitative approaches, such as interviews or questionnaires.

Conclusions
Although the two groups of participants came from different generation cohorts, they had aligned perceptions regarding challenges in dental education, and mentioned the separation between preclinic and clinic. Drawings were unique, innovative, and an interesting tool to express perceptions regarding today’s learning environment. These insights can consequently help educators to personalize teaching approaches to better meet the needs of the students.
Clinical genomic profiling in the management of patients with soft tissue and bone sarcoma
Authors: Gounder Mrinal M. , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Trabucco Sally E. , Robinson Victoria , Ferraro Richard A. , Millis Sherri Z. , Krishnan Anita , Lee Jessica , Attia Steven , Abida Wassim , Drilon Alexander , Chi Ping , Angelo Sandra P. D’ , Dickson Mark A. , Keohan Mary Lou , Kelly Ciara M. , Agulnik Mark , Chawla Sant P. , Choy Edwin , Chugh Rashmi , Meyer Christian F. , Myer Parvathi A. , Moore Jessica L. , Okimoto Ross A. , Pollock Raphael E. , Ravi Vinod , Singh Arun S. , Somaiah Neeta , Wagner Andrew J. , Healey John H. , Frampton Garrett M. , Venstrom Jeffrey M. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Ladanyi Marc , Singer Samuel , Brennan Murray F. , Schwartz Gary K. , Lazar Alexander J. , Thomas David M. , Maki Robert G. , Tap William D. , Ali Siraj M. , Jin Dexter X. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are more than 70 distinct sarcomas, and this diversity complicates the development of precision-based therapeutics for these cancers. Prospective comprehensive genomic profiling could overcome this challenge by providing insight into sarcomas’ molecular drivers. Through targeted panel sequencing of 7494 sarcomas representing 44 histologies, we identify highly recurrent and type-specific alterations that aid in diagnosis and treatment decisions. Sequencing could lead to refinement or reassignment of 10.5% of diagnoses. Nearly one-third of patients (31.7%) harbor potentially actionable alterations, including a significant proportion (2.6%) with kinase gene rearrangements; 3.9% have a tumor mutational burden ≥10 mut/Mb. We describe low frequencies of microsatellite instability (<0.3%) and a high degree of genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (15%) across sarcomas, which are not readily explained by homologous recombination deficiency (observed in 2.5% of cases). In a clinically annotated subset of 118 patients, we validate actionable genetic events as therapeutic targets. Collectively, our findings reveal the genetic landscape of human sarcomas, which may inform future development of therapeutics and improve clinical outcomes for patients with these rare cancers.
Genetic subtypes of smoldering multiple myeloma are associated with distinct pathogenic phenotypes and clinical outcomes
Authors: Bustoros Mark , Anand Shankara , Sklavenitis-Pistofidis Romanos , Redd Robert , Boyle Eileen M. , Zhitomirsky Benny , Dunford Andrew J. , Tai Yu-Tzu , Chavda Selina J. , Boehner Cody , Neuse Carl Jannes , Rahmat Mahshid , Dutta Ankit , Casneuf Tineke , Verona Raluca , Kastritis Efstathis , Trippa Lorenzo , Stewart Chip , Walker Brian A. , Davies Faith E. , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Bergsagel P. Leif , Yong Kwee , Morgan Gareth J. , Aguet François , Getz Gad , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSmoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precursor condition of multiple myeloma (MM) with significant heterogeneity in disease progression. Existing clinical models of progression risk do not fully capture this heterogeneity. Here we integrate 42 genetic alterations from 214 SMM patients using unsupervised binary matrix factorization (BMF) clustering and identify six distinct genetic subtypes. These subtypes are differentially associated with established MM-related RNA signatures, oncogenic and immune transcriptional profiles, and evolving clinical biomarkers. Three genetic subtypes are associated with increased risk of progression to active MM in both the primary and validation cohorts, indicating they can be used to better predict high and low-risk patients within the currently used clinical risk stratification models.
Effect of the grain arrangements on the thermal stability of polycrystalline nickel-rich lithium-based battery cathodes
Authors: Hou Dong , Xu Zhengrui , Yang Zhijie , Kuai Chunguang , Du Zhijia , Sun Cheng-Jun , Ren Yang , Liu Jue , Xiao Xianghui , Lin Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne of the most challenging aspects of developing high-energy lithium-based batteries is the structural and (electro)chemical stability of Ni-rich active cathode materials at thermally-abused and prolonged cell cycling conditions. Here, we report in situ physicochemical characterizations to improve the fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanism of charged polycrystalline Ni-rich cathodes at elevated temperatures (e.g., ≥ 40 °C). Using multiple microscopy, scattering, thermal, and electrochemical probes, we decouple the major contributors for the thermal instability from intertwined factors. Our research work demonstrates that the grain microstructures play an essential role in the thermal stability of polycrystalline lithium-based positive battery electrodes. We also show that the oxygen release, a crucial process during battery thermal runaway, can be regulated by engineering grain arrangements. Furthermore, the grain arrangements can also modulate the macroscopic crystallographic transformation pattern and oxygen diffusion length in layered oxide cathode materials.
Structural basis of rapid actin dynamics in the evolutionarily divergent Leishmania parasite
Authors: Kotila Tommi , Wioland Hugo , Selvaraj Muniyandi , Kogan Konstantin , Antenucci Lina , Jégou Antoine , Huiskonen Juha T. , Romet-Lemonne Guillaume , Lappalainen Pekka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractActin polymerization generates forces for cellular processes throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, but our understanding of the ‘ancient’ actin turnover machineries is limited. We show that, despite > 1 billion years of evolution, pathogenicLeishmania majorparasite and mammalian actins share the same overall fold and co-polymerize with each other. Interestingly,Leishmaniaharbors a simple actin-regulatory machinery that lacks cofilin ‘cofactors’, which accelerate filament disassembly in higher eukaryotes. By applying single-filament biochemistry we discovered that, compared to mammalian proteins,Leishmaniaactin filaments depolymerize more rapidly from both ends, and are severed > 100-fold more efficiently by cofilin. Our high-resolution cryo-EM structures ofLeishmaniaADP-, ADP-Pi- and cofilin-actin filaments identify specific features at actin subunit interfaces and cofilin-actin interactions that explain the unusually rapid dynamics of parasite actin filaments. Our findings reveal how divergent parasites achieve rapid actin dynamics using a remarkably simple set of actin-binding proteins, and elucidate evolution of the actin cytoskeleton.
Disease modeling by efficient genome editing using a near PAM-less base editor in vivo
Authors: Rosello Marion , Serafini Malo , Mignani Luca , Finazzi Dario , Giovannangeli Carine , Mione Marina C. , Concordet Jean-Paul , Del Bene Filippo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBase Editors are emerging as an innovative technology to introduce point mutations in complex genomes. So far, the requirement of an NGG Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) at a suitable position often limits the base editing possibility to model human pathological mutations in animals. Here we show that, using the CBE4max-SpRY variant recognizing nearly all PAM sequences, we could introduce point mutations for the first time in an animal model with high efficiency, thus drastically increasing the base editing possibilities. With this near PAM-less base editor we could simultaneously mutate several genes and we developed a co-selection method to identify the most edited embryos based on a simple visual screening. Finally, we apply our method to create a zebrafish model for melanoma predisposition based on the simultaneous base editing of multiple genes. Altogether, our results considerably expand the Base Editor application to introduce human disease-causing mutations in zebrafish.