bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management and outcomes of sellar, suprasellar and parasellar masses in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Egiz Abdullah , Dalle David Ulrich , Ooi Setthasorn Zhi Yang , Dada Olaoluwa Ezekiel , Ikwuegbuenyi Chibuikem A , Gillespie Conor S , Tunde Olobatoke A , OuYong Brian Ming , Korch Moniba , Kesici Özgür , de Koning Rosaline , Takoutsing Berjo Dongmo , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Khan Mehdi , Erhabor Joshua , Kotecha Jay , Bocco Alberic Fabrice Sewa , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sellar, suprasellar or parasellar masses refer to space-occupying lesions that arise from the area surrounding the pituitary gland and many other vital structures, which can impact quality of life if damaged. Therefore, optimal management by a multidisciplinary team, which includes neurosurgeons, would be required to ensure that patients receive timely intervention to prevent long-term co-morbidities. The landscape of management of these masses in high-income countries are well described in the literature, however, there is a lack of clarity in the counterpart low- and middle-income countries, thus necessitating an evaluation of the literature. This protocol outlines how we will conduct our scoping review on the topic of interest. MEDLINE, Embase, Global Index Medicus and African Journals Online will be searched from year 2000 to date in order to identify the relevant studies. Patients with a sellar, suprasellar or parasellar masses managed in an LMIC will be included. Surgical, medical and conservative management of the relevant masses will be considered. Articles in English and French will be included. Primary outcome will describe the management of sellar, suprasellar, or parasellar masses in LMICs. Secondary outcomes will include describing the epidemiology, presentation and outcomes of patients with sellar, suprasellar or parasellar masses. This scoping review will be the first to evaluate the current landscape of the management and outcomes of sellar, suprasellar and parasellar masses in LMICs, highlighting important themes that may be used to guide further research as well as health system strengthening efforts by policymakers, governments and stakeholders.
The Clinical Significance of Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variants
Authors: Keim Klara C , George Isaiah K , Reynolds Landrye , Smith Allie C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A burdensome, atypical phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) called S aureus small colony variant (SA-SCV) has been identified, which is induced as a result of a combination of environmental stressors, including polymicrobial interactions. The SA-SCVs exhibit altered phenotypes as a result of metabolic dormancy caused by electron transport deficiency, leading to increased biofilm production and alterations to antimicrobial susceptibility. The SA-SCVs typically exhibit altered colony morphology and biochemical reactions compared with wild-type SA, making them difficult to detect via routine diagnostics. The SA-SCVs have been found to contribute to chronic or recurrent infections, including skin and soft-tissue infections, foreign-body associated infection, cystic fibrosis, and sepsis. There is evidence that SA-SCVs contribute to patient morbidity and mortality as a result of diagnostic difficulties and limited treatment options. New detection methods may need to be developed that can be incorporated into routine diagnostics, which would allow for better assessment of specimens and introduce new considerations for treatment.
Finite shock model of density in supersonic turbulence
Authors: Rabatin Branislav , Collins David C 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The probability distribution of density in isothermal, supersonic, turbulent gas is approximately lognormal. This behaviour can be traced back to the shock waves travelling through the medium, which randomly adjust the density by a random factor of the local sonic Mach number squared. Provided a certain parcel of gas experiences a large number of shocks, due to the central limit theorem, the resulting distribution for density is lognormal. We explore a model in which parcels of gas undergo finite number of shocks before relaxing to the ambient density, causing the distribution for density to deviate from a lognormal. We confront this model with numerical simulations with various rms Mach numbers ranging from subsonic as low as 0.1 to supersonic at 25. We find that the fits to the finite formula are an order of magnitude better than a lognormal. The model naturally extends even to subsonic flows, where no shocks exist.
Is polydopamine beneficial for cells on the modified surface?
Authors: Yu Yue , Wang Xiuli , Zhu Yi , He Yingning , Xue Hongrui , Ding Jiandong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Messersmith’s group discovering that polydopamine (PDA) can serve to adhere to many types of materials, the PDA coating has, as a biomimetic approach, been widely used to enhance cell adhesion by surface modification to bind biologically active substances to a bioinert substrate. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether or not the PDA itself is beneficial for cells. Herein, we report that a PDA coating decreases viability of cells under normal culture and observation conditions. Such an inhibition effect was not caused by the free PDA or any inherent cytotoxicity of this chemical substance but a contact-dependent phenomenon. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were employed as the default cell type and tissue culture plates were used as the default substrate, although some other cell types and substrates were also examined to confirm the universality of such an ‘abnormal’ phenomenon of a superstar molecule. The viability of cells on the PDA coating exhibited time dependence, and the decreased cell viability during the normal observation time was found to come from the decrease of cell number instead of the decrease of average viability per cell. The PDA coating led to less cell global migration yet more local motility of cells. Based on the concept of ‘background adhesion’ of cells on a surface without significant motifs of specific cell adhesion, we supposed that cells adhered to the PDA coating better, which influenced mobility and eventually proliferation. Hence, the cell behaviors on the PDA coating are reasonable, albeit a bit complicated.
Enterobacter agglomerans, an uncommon cause of community-acquired bacterial infection in neonates
Authors: Mustapha Samaha S , Ibrahim Mohammed , Aliyu Shamsudin , Abdulkadir Isa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnterobacter agglomerans formerly termed Erwina herbicola but now called Pantonea agglomerans is a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium that rarely causes mild and opportunistic infection in humans. Sources of infection are myriad causing both local and systemic disease across all systems of the body. Infection is often fulminant and fatal in neonates. We aim to report another facet of the infection as seen in our centre. Of the 248 neonates recruited into the study, 94 had bacteria isolated from their blood, eight (8.5%) of whom had E. agglomerans sepsis. Infection was acquired from the community though its source could not be determined. The clinical features were non-specific running a mild course. Toxic granulation, elevated immature polymorph count and procalcitonin level was found in 50% and 75% of the neonates. Isolate was sensitive to most tested antibiotics, showing 100% sensitivity to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin and the survival rate was excellent (87.5%).
SWEAT ICU—An Observational Study of Physician Workload and the Association of Physician Outcomes in Academic ICUs
Authors: Agarwal Ankita , Chen Jen-Ting , Coopersmith Craig M. , Denson Joshua L. , Dickert Neal W. , Ferrante Lauren E. , Gershengorn Hayley B. , Gosine Adhiraj D. , Hayward Bradley J. , Kaur Navneet , Khan Akram , Lamberton Courtney , Landsittel Douglas , Lyons Patrick G. , Mikkelsen Mark E. , Nadig Nandita R. , Pietropaoli Anthony P. , Poole Brian R. , Viglianti Elizabeth M. , Sevransky Jonathan E. ,   on behalf of SCCM Discovery Network
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The optimal staffing model for physicians in the ICU is unknown. Patient-to-intensivist ratios may offer a simple measure of workload and be associated with patient mortality and physician burnout. To evaluate the association of physician workload, as measured by the patient-to-intensivist ratio, with physician burnout and patient mortality.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional observational study.

SETTING:
Fourteen academic centers in the United States from August 2020 to July 2021.

SUBJECTS:
We enrolled ICU physicians and collected data on adult ICU patients under the physician’s care on the single physician-selected study day for each physician.

MEASUREMENTS and MAIN RESULTS:
The primary exposure was workload (self-reported number of patients’ physician was responsible for) modeled as high (>14 patients) and low (≤14 patients). The primary outcome was burnout, measured by the Well-Being Index. The secondary outcome measure was 28-day patient mortality. We calculated odds ratio for burnout and patient outcomes using a multivariable logistic regression model and a binomial mixed effects model, respectively. We enrolled 122 physicians from 62 ICUs. The median patient-to-intensivist ratio was 12 (interquartile range, 10–14), and the overall prevalence of burnout was 26.4% (n = 32). Intensivist workload was not independently associated with burnout (adjusted odds ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.24–2.23). Of 1,322 patients, 679 (52%) were discharged alive from the hospital, 257 (19%) remained hospitalized, and 347 (26%) were deceased by day 28; 28-day outcomes were unknown for 39 of patients (3%). Intensivist workload was not independently associated with 28-day patient mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.92–1.91).

CONCLUSIONS:
In our cohort, approximately one in four physicians experienced burnout on the study day. There was no relationship be- tween workload as measured by patient-to-intensivist ratio and burnout. Factors other than the number of patients may be important drivers of burnout among ICU physicians.
Trends in mortality of liver disease due to hepatitis B in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Cao Guiying , Liu Jue , Liu Min 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both potentially life-threatening acute and chronic liver disease. China has the world's largest burden of hepatitis B and is considered to be a major contributor toward the goal of World Health Organization (WHO) of eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a global health threat by 2030. This study aimed to analyze data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to determine the trends in mortality of liver disease due to hepatitis B in China between 1990 and 2019 and the gap with the WHO's goal.

Methods:
Annual deaths and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of liver disease due to hepatitis B in China between 1990 and 2019 were collected from GBD 2019. We calculated the percentage changes in deaths and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASMRs of liver disease due to hepatitis B.

Results:
In China, deaths of total liver disease due to hepatitis B decreased by 29.13% from 229 thousand in 2016 to 162 thousand in 2019, and ASMR decreased by an average of 4.92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.45–5.39%) per year in this period. For the spectrum of liver disease due to hepatitis B, deaths decreased by 74.83%, 34.71%, and 23.34% for acute hepatitis, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, and liver cancer from 1990 to 2019, respectively, and ASMRs of acute hepatitis (EAPC = –7.63; 95% CI: –8.25, –7.00), cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (EAPC = –4.15; 95% CI: –4.66, –3.65), and liver cancer (EAPC = –5.17; 95% CI: –6.00, –4.33) decreased between 1990 and 2019. The proportions of older adults aged ≥70 years among all deaths of the spectrum of liver disease due to hepatitis B increased from 1990 to 2019. Deaths of liver cancer due to hepatitis B increased by 7.05% from 2015 to 2019.

Conclusions:
Although a favorable trend in the mortality of liver disease due to hepatitis B was observed between 1990 and 2019, China still faces challenges in achieving the WHO's goal of eliminating HBV as a public threat by 2030. Therefore, efforts to increase the coverage of diagnosis and treatment of liver disease due to hepatitis B, especially of liver cancer due to hepatitis B, are warranted in China.
Auricular Total Reconstruction with Radial Forearm Prelaminated Flap Assisted by 3D Surface Imaging and 3D Printing
Authors: Rendón-Medina Marco Aurelio , Hanson-Viana Erik , Arias-Salazar Leidy , Rojas-Ortiz Jorge Arturo , Mendoza-Velez Maria de los Angeles , Hernandez-Ordoñez Rubén , Vázquez-Morales Hecly Lya , Pacheco-López Ricardo C. 
Published: October 2022

Summary:
The anatomic position of the auricle leaves it vulnerable to traumatic lesions. In most cases, the best reconstructive outcome is accomplished using a temporoparietal flap with a costal cartilage frame and a partial thickness skin graft. Exceptional cases may require different approaches because the reconstructive goals could be more structural than aesthetic. An important factor in this regard is the mechanical properties of the skin that will provide coverage. This study aimed to share a particular case of total auricular reconstruction assisted by 3D surface imaging and 3D printing in a radial forearm free flap. We present a 58-year-old man with a history of having tympanic barotrauma causing hearing loss, burdening him with the use of auricular devices for hearing assistance. Seven days before presenting for the initial treatment, he sustained ear trauma while performing mechanical reparations in a car. The wheel was activated, causing a total amputation of the right ear. He first went to another hospital‚ where they performed primary closure and then referred him to our unit. The team performed a prelaminated radial forearm free flap assisted by 3D scanning and planning. A detailed comparison between the left ear and the result of the reconstruction was measured and described. The radial forearm prelaminated free flap is a viable structural alternative with the disadvantage of poor auricular definition in some cases.
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in heart failure with impaired systolic function: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chang Ting-Yung , Chao Tze-Fan , Lin Chin-Yu , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Chang Shih-Lin , Lo Li-Wei , Hu Yu-Feng , Chung Fa-Po , Chen Shih-Ann 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The recent Atrial Fibrillation Management in Congestive Heart Failure With Ablation trial did not reveal any benefit of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), advanced heart failure (HF), and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We hypothesized that radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) could improve outcomes in HF patients with AF and impaired left ventricular systolic function (LVEF <50%) as compared with only medical therapy.

Methods:
We searched the literature for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared RFCA to medical therapy in this population.

Results:
Compared with the medical therapy group, the RFCA group had significantly less all-cause mortality, HF hospitalization, and AF recurrence rates. The RFCA group had significantly higher peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), a better quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score), and improved LVEF. However, RFCA for AF failed to reduce all-cause mortality in a specific meta-analysis of four RCTs that enrolled patients with LVEF ≤35%.

Conclusion:
Compared with medical therapy, RFCA for AF in the setting of HF with impaired systolic function is associated with better clinical (HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality), structural (LVEF improvement), functional (VO2max), and quality of life outcomes. However, RFCA for AF failed to reduce all-cause mortality in RCTs that enrolled patients with LVEF ≤35% and thereby indicated the necessary stratification to identify patients who may benefit more from RFCA.
Trends in Gastroparesis Management
Authors: Tanner Samuel E. , Kurin Michael , Shahsavari Dariush , Malik Zubair , Parkman Henry P. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
There is little consensus on the medical management of gastroparesis, a disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying with symptoms of early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal pain.

Goals:
We utilized population-level data to: (1) describe the prevalence of different pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies in patients with gastroparesis; and (2) trend the prevalence of these therapies from 2010 to 2020.

Study:
More than 59 million unique medical records across 26 US-based major health care systems were surveyed using the Explorys platform to identify a cohort of adults with gastroparesis who completed both a gastric emptying study and upper endoscopy or upper gastrointestinal tract imaging. Prevalence of antiemetic, prokinetic, neuromodulator prescriptions, and surgical therapies for gastroparesis were searched within this cohort and trended annually from 2010 to 2020.

Results:
Antiemetics (72% of patients), prokinetics (47%), and neuromodulators (75% of patients, 44% of patients without a concomitant psychiatric or diabetic peripheral neuropathy diagnosis) were all commonly used in the treatment of patients with gastroparesis. From 2010 to 2020, there was an increase in the prevalence of antiemetic and neuromodulator prescriptions (36.4% to 57.6%, P<0.001 and 47.0% to 66.9%, P<0.001, respectively), whereas the prevalence of prokinetics remained relatively constant (31.8% to 31.6%, P=0.52). Procedural and surgical treatments were used in 5% of gastroparesis patients.

Conclusions:
Treatments for gastroparesis have changed over the last decade: antiemetic and neuromodulator use has increased whereas prokinetic use has remained constant. This practice pattern may reflect the growing number and availability of antiemetics and neuromodulators and the small number and known side effects of prokinetics.
Baseline Patient-reported Symptoms Less Predictive Than MM-SES-CD for Endoscopic Remission in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Wong Emily C.L. , Aruljothy Achuthan , Dulai Parambir S. , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Marshall John K. , Ferrante Marc , Reinisch Walter 
Published: October 2022

Background:
This analysis evaluates the association between baseline patient-reported symptom (PRS) severity in Crohn’s disease (CD), including abdominal pain, stool frequency, general well-being, and achievement of clinical and endoscopic outcomes. We compared baseline PRS to baseline endoscopic scores for the prediction of endoscopic remission (ER).

Methods:
This post hoc analysis of 2 clinical trials of infliximab in CD included 601 patients and evaluated baseline PRS variables (abdominal pain, stool frequency, and general well-being) as measured by the Crohn’s disease activity index and their association with 6-month clinical remission (CR) (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index<150), corticosteroid-free CR, and week 26/54 ER (absence of mucosal ulceration). Logistic regression models assessed the relationships between PRS and outcomes of interest. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses compared the sensitivity and specificity of the different baseline PRS compared with baseline endoscopic scores for achievement of ER at weeks 26 and 54.

Results:
No difference was found comparing patients with higher baseline PRS to those with lower PRS in achieving 6-month CR, 6-month corticosteroid-free CR, or week 26/54 ER. Modified multiplier of the SES-CD (MM-SES-CD) at baseline demonstrated a significant ability to predict week 54 ER (area under the curve, 0.71; 95% CI 0.65-0.78; P=0.017).

Conclusions:
Baseline PRS in CD is not prognostic of clinical or endoscopic response. In contrast, active endoscopic disease as measured by the MM-SES-CD, more accurately predicts endoscopic outcomes. Endoscopic scores such as the MM-SES-CD may be considered for selection criteria and as a primary outcome of interest in CD trials, with PRS as a co-primary or secondary endpoint.
Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Telbivudine Usage During Second or Third Trimester in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Positive Mothers With High Viral Load
Authors: Jiang Hongxiu , Ye Xiajun , Chen Chao , Zhou Guanlun , Han Guorong 
Published: October 2022

Goals:The study is to evaluate the efficacy and long-term safety of telbivudine (LdT) usage for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive pregnant women with high viral load.Background:The efficacy and safety of LdT during pregnancy were not assessed from a long-term perspective.Study:HBsAg-positive pregnant women were enrolled and grouped according to antiviral initiation time. Group A (n=100) and group B (n=100) were treated with LdT initiated in the second or third trimester. Group C (n=90) received no antiviral treatment. The efficacy and safety of LdT treatment were compared and infants were followed-up at 1, 5, and 10 years. Denver developmental screening test was conducted at 5 years.Results:Viral loads before delivery in LdT-treated groups were lower than that in group C and group A was lower than that in group B (P<0.001). No infants in LdT-treated groups were infected whereas 8.8% (8/90) infants in group C had positive HBsAg (χ2=23.20,P<0.001). All LdT-treated mothers were well tolerated and no LdT-related adverse events in infants were reported. Part of the physical growth index of infants was higher than Chinese standard values (SV) and showed significant differences. In groups A and B, the developmental screening test qualified rate of 100% (48/48) and 97.96% (48/49) showed no significant difference compared with 92% in normal Chinese children (χ2=5.72,P=0.06).Conclusions:Treatment initiated during the second trimester could strengthen the success of mother-to-child transmission blockage. LdT treatment during pregnancy is safe for both mothers and infants in the long term.