bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of voluminous silicic magmas in the Sierra Madre Occidental large igneous province, Mexican Cordillera: Insights from zircon and Hf-O isotopes
Authors: Andrews Graham D.M. , Busby Cathy J. , Brown Sarah R. , Fisher Christopher M. , Davila-Harris Pablo , Strickland Ariel , Vervoort Jeffrey D. , Pettus Holly D. , McDowell Fred W. , Murray Bryan P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCombined Hf-O isotopic analyses of zircons from tuffs and lavas within the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) silicic large igneous province are probes of petrogenetic processes in the lower and upper crust. Existing petrogenetic and tectonomagmatic models diverge, having either emphasized significant crustal reworking of hydrated continental lithosphere in an arc above the retreating Farallon slab or significant input of juvenile mantle melts through a slab window into an actively stretching continental lithosphere. New isotopic data are remarkably uniform within and between erupted units across the spatial and temporal extent of the SMO, consistent with homogeneous melt production and evolution. Isotopic values are consistent with enriched mantle magmas (80%) that assimilated Proterozoic paragneisses (~20%) from the lower crust. δ18Ozircon values are consistent with fractionation of mafic magma and not with assimilation of hydrothermally altered upper crust, suggesting that the silicic magmas evolved at depth. Isotopic data agree with previous interpretations where voluminous juvenile melts entered the lithosphere during the transition from a continental arc experiencing slab rollback (Late Eocene) to the arrival of a subducting slab window (Oligocene and Early Miocene) and failure of the upper plate leading to the opening of the Gulf of California (Late Miocene). An anomalously large heat flux and extension of the upper plate allow for the sustained fractionation of the voluminous SMO magmas and assimilation of the lower crust.
A rare case of downward progressive failure in eastern Canada: the 1976 Saint-Fabien landslide
Authors: Tremblay-Auger Frédérique , Locat Ariane , Leroueil Serge , Demers Denis , Levasseur Pierre-Philippe 
Published: February 2022

The Saint-Fabien landslide occurred in December 1976, 270 km northeast of Quebec City, Canada. The landslide took place in a valley filled with glaciomarine sensitive clay covered by peat bog deposits and presenting an upwards hydraulic gradient. Unique features of this event are the ground surface and the failure surface that are both close to the horizontal. In addition, passive and active failure zones were observed in the debris after the landslide, indicating a possible downward progressive failure mechanism, rarely observed in Eastern Canadian clays. Possible triggers of the event are: the continuous exploitation of the peat downslope and (or) the roadworks going on along Road 132 at the time of the event, which is crossing the landslide area upslope. Conventional stability analysis for the site gives a factor of safety of 1.43, indicating that limit equilibrium analysis cannot explain the formation of the failure surface observed at Saint-Fabien. The initiation and the propagation of the failure were analysed through 1D numerical modelling using the concept of progressive failure. The methodology consists of two steps: first the calculation of the initial stresses in the slope with the finite element software PLAXIS 2D; and second, the modelling of initiation and propagation of the progressive failure along the potential failure surface with the finite element code BIFURC, developed at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute. Results from the modelling with BIFURC show that the concept of progressive failure is able to explain the extent of the landslide observed at Saint-Fabien with parameter values based on what was measured in situ.
A two-fluid model for the macroscopic behavior of polar nematic fluids and gels in a nonchiral or a chiral solvent
Authors: Brand Helmut R. , Pleiner Harald 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the macroscopic dynamics of polar nematic liquid crystals in a two-fluid context. We investigate the case of a nonchiral as well as of a chiral solvent. In addition, we analyze how the incorporation of a strain field for polar nematic gels and elastomers in a solvent modifies the macroscopic dynamics. It turns out that the relative velocity between the polar subsystem and the solvent gives rise to a number of cross-coupling terms, reversible as well as irreversible, unknown from the other two-fluid systems considered so far. Possible experiments to study those novel dynamic cross-coupling terms are suggested. As examples we just mention that gradients of the relative velocity lead, in polar nematics to heat currents and in polar cholesterics to temporal changes of the polarization. In polar cholesterics, shear flows give rise to a temporal variation in the velocity difference perpendicular to the shear plane, and in polar nematic gels uniaxial stresses or strains generate temporal variations of the velocity difference.

Graphical abstract
Application of Improved U-Net Convolutional Neural Network for Automatic Quantification of the Foveal Avascular Zone in Diabetic Macular Ischemia
Authors: Meng Yongan , Lan Hailei , Hu Yuqian , Chen Zailiang , Ouyang Pingbo , Luo Jing 
Published: February 2022

Objectives.The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is a biomarker for quantifying diabetic macular ischemia (DMI), to automate the identification and quantification of the FAZ in DMI, using an improved U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) and to establish a CNN model based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images for the same purpose. Methods. The FAZ boundaries on the full-thickness retina of

6
×
6

mm

en face OCTA images of DMI and normal eyes were manually marked. Seventy percent of OCTA images were used as the training set, and ten percent of these images were used as the validation set to train the improved U-Net CNN with two attention modules. Finally, twenty percent of the OCTA images were used as the test set to evaluate the accuracy of this model relative to that of the baseline U-Net model. This model was then applied to the public data set sFAZ to compare its effectiveness with existing models at identifying and quantifying the FAZ area. Results. This study included 110 OCTA images. The Dice score of the FAZ area predicted by the proposed method was 0.949, the Jaccard index was 0.912, and the area correlation coefficient was 0.996. The corresponding values for the baseline U-Net were 0.940, 0.898, and 0.995, respectively, and those based on the description data set sFAZ were 0.983, 0.968, and 0.950, respectively, which were better than those previously reported based on this data set. Conclusions. The improved U-Net CNN was more accurate at automatically measuring the FAZ area on the OCTA images than the traditional CNN. The present model may measure the DMI index more accurately, thereby assisting in the diagnosis and prognosis of retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.
The Impact of Noninvasive Ventilator Assisted Ventilation Nursing Combined with Mechanical Vibration on the Level of Heart Failure Indexes in ICU Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Li Wenze , Lou Qifeng 
Published: February 2022

The acute attack of acute heart failure or the continuous deterioration of cardiac function leads to a series of changes such as reduced cardiac contractility, increased cardiac load, and a sudden drop of acute cardiac output, which eventually cause pulmonary circulation congestion and acute dyspnea due to acute pulmonary congestion. To observe the impact of noninvasive ventilator-assisted ventilation nursing combined with mechanical vibration on the level of heart failure indexes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute heart failure, 120 patients with acute heart failure who were treated in the ICU ward of our hospital from September 2018 to March 2021 were selected, and the qualified subjects were divided into two groups according to the 1 : 1 principle by a simple random method. 120 patients were given conventional symptomatic treatment and noninvasive ventilator-assisted ventilation. The control group received conventional nursing intervention, and the observation group was given noninvasive ventilator-assisted ventilation nursing and mechanical vibration intervention. The respiratory system indexes, heart rate, blood pressure, central venous pressure, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and cardiac function indexes of the two groups of patients are recorded, and the prognosis of the two groups is compared. After intervention, the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the two groups were higher than those before intervention, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), respiration (RR), heart rate, blood pressure, and central venous pressure were lower than those before intervention (

P

< 0.05). Compared with the control group, PaO2, SpO2, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and central venous pressure of the observation group after intervention were significantly higher, while PaCO2, RR, and heart rate were significantly lower (

P

< 0.05). Compared with the control group, the LVEF of the observation group after intervention was significantly higher, while NT-proBNP, cTnT, LVESD, and LVEDD were markedly lower (

P

< 0.05). The ventilation time and ICU hospitalization time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the pulmonary infection rate was lower than in the control group. The remission time of infection in patients with pulmonary infection was shorter than that in the control group. When comparing the 28d mortality rate with the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (

P

> 0.05). Noninvasive ventilator-assisted ventilation nursing combined with mechanical vibration can improve hypoxemia symptoms and heart function, stabilize hemodynamics, shorten the course of disease and reduce the occurrence of lung infections for those patients with acute heart failure in the ICU.
First record of Prosoponoides Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from India, with the description of a new species
Authors: Domichan Anusmitha , K. Sunil Jose  
Published: February 2022

The genus, Prosoponoides (Millidge & Russell-Smith , 1992)is recorded for the first time from India. A new species namely Prosoponoides idukkiensis sp.nov. is reported from Western Ghats, India.P. idukkiensis sp.nov. differs from other species in the arrangement of spermatheca. Descriptions, photos and distributional maps of the new species are also provided.
Butterfly diversity and composition at Chemerong Amenity Forest, Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Sulaiman Muhammad Hafiz , Mohd Zaki Abdul Munir , Yap Geok Chin , Aniruddin Nur Atiqa , Chong Ju Lian 
Published: February 2022

A study of butterfly species diversity was conducted in Chemerong Amenity Forest, Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 939 individuals from 198 butterfly species were obtained using fruit-baited sweep nets and modified VanSomeren-Rydon cylinder traps. The biodiversity of butterflies in the study area was considered high, with a Shannon index (H’) of 4.1, Simpson’s index (DSimpson) of 0.042, and Margalef index (IMargalef) of 28.78. Individuals within the community were not evenly distributed among the species (EShannon= 0776). Nymphalidae was found to be the most dominant family (48.5%), and Lexias dirtea merguia was the most abundant species recorded with 114 individuals (12%). From the total of eight species protected under Malaysia legislation, one species Trogonoptera brookiana was also listed under CITES Appendix II, while only one protected species Agatasa calydonia calydonia of the family Nymphalidae (the brush-footed or four-footed) was considered rare. Other rare species found in this study included Arhopala lucida, Curetis saronis sumatrana, Miletus nymphis fictus of the family Lycaenidae (the blues, coppers, & hairstreaks), Amathusia perakana perakana, Bassarona teuta goodrichi, Elymnias saueri saueri, Elymnias nesaea, Mycalesis horsfieldi hermana, Mycalesis distanti, Ypthima pandocus tahanensis of the family Nymphalidae (the brush-footed or four-footed), Celaenorrhinus ladana, Erionota sybirita, Matapa aria, Matapa cresta, Matapa druna, Pseudokerana fulger, Taractrocera ardonia, Taractrocera luzonensis, Telicota linna, and Unkana mytheca mytheca of the family Hesperiidae (the skippers). The dominance of family Nymphalidae may be due to several factors, including high species diversity, widespread distribution and occurrence, as well as the type of bait used in this study. Besides the Genting Highlands and Taman Negara Johor Endau Rompin, butterfly species at Chemerong Amenity Forest are more diverse than other study sites in Malaysia such as Gunung Serambu, Ulu Gombak Forest Reserve, Setiu Wetlands, Kuala Lompat, Bukit Hampuan Forest Reserve, Sungai Imbak Forest Reserve, Tabin Wildlife Reserve, and Ulu Senagang Substation. Further investigation of aspects such as stratification distribution patterns, host plants and forest dwelling species are recommended for better understanding of butterfly communities in the Chemerong Amenity Forest.
Lichens and animal camouflage: some observations from central Asian ecoregions
Authors: Soofi Mahmood , Sharma Sandeep , Safaei-Mahroo Barbod , Sohrabi Mohammad , Ghorbani Organli Moosa , Waltert Matthias 
Published: February 2022

Camouflage is a fitness-relevant trait that supports survival and fosters evolutionary adaptation by which animals match their body pattern to a background setting. Lichens are among the most common of these backgrounds that several animal species use for camouflage. Lichens are omnipresent and grow in wide arrays of colorations and compositions. Their composition and phenotypic diversity might facilitate cryptic coloration and habitat matching by various animal species. Here, we describe the role of lichens in providing camouflage to various animal species in central Asian and Caucasus mountain ecoregions, which are categorized as global biodiversity hotspots. Despite multiple ecological studies, no information is available on the role of this regions‘ lichen diversity in providing animal camouflage. Casual field observations of lichen camouflage are reported for four (one mammal and three reptile) species: the Persian Leopard’s Panthera pardus saxicolor body coat seems to closely match the colors and patterns of saxicolous lichens (Acarospora sp. and Circinaria sp.) in their habitat. A similar background matching pattern was observed in both morphs of the Caucasian Rock Agama Paralaudakia caucasia upon crustose lichens: Caloplaca spp., Circinaria spp., and the Radde’s Rock Lizard Darevskia raddei to the crustose lichens Acarospora sp. and Caloplaca sp. Likewise, the Horny-scaled Agama’s Trapelus ruderatus grey matches with the color of multiple lichens (Lecanora spp., Circinaria spp., Protoparmeliopsis spp., Rinodina spp., and Anaptychia spp.). Our observations preliminarily suggest that lichens play an important role for species of different trophic levels, ensuring adaptation and survival through camouflage. We call for more field-based empirical and experimental studies in various terrestrial ecosystems in other parts of the world to test the role of lichens in local adaption and evolutionary plasticity of regional species.
Cotesia anthelae (Wilkinson, 1928) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a natural parasitoid of Cirrochroa thais (Fabricius, 1787) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), first report from the Oriental region
Authors: Gupta Ankita , P. Manoj  
Published: February 2022

Field surveys conducted during 2020–2021 in Nedumpura, Cheruthuruthy, Thrissur district of Kerala yielded Cotesia anthelae (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a gregarious larval parasitoid of a nymphalid butterfly Cirrochroa thais (Fabricius) (Tamil Yeoman) along with its hyperparasitoid Mesochorus sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). This is the first report of C. anthelae parasitizing a nymphalid butterfly, earlier reports were from a host belonging to Anthelidae (Lepidoptera: Bomycoidea). Also, this is the first report of C. anthelae from the Oriental region, earlier reports are confined to Australia. The present study provides morphological identification of C. anthelae and biological details of its host.
First record of Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus (Aves: Passeriformes: Campephagidae) from Kashmir, India
Authors: Najar Zakir Hussain , Bhat Bilal A. , Ahmad Riyaz 
Published: February 2022

The recent work has reported only Long-tailed Minivet from Kashmir. We report the first record of Small Minivet from Kashmir with photographic evidence. The species was seen in Hirpora Wildlife Sanctury, which is an important biodiversity area but least explored for birds. Regular bird surveys should be conducted to explore the birdlife of areas like Hirpora Wildlife Sanctury.
Akan Religious Ontology and Environmental Sustainability in Ghana
Authors: Golo Ben-Willie Kwaku , Majeed Hasskei Mohammed , Myles Nancy Oppongwaa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, using ethnographic field data from three indigenous Akan communities, we show that Akan religious ontology about the natural world provides a formidable resource and framework for managing the environmentally destructive tendencies of the human being. We further prove that while these ontologies about the natural world emerge from the intense religiosity of the Akan and the metaphysical worldview of the indigenous Akan, they contain strong environmental ethical norms and values worth resourcing for environmental sustainability in Ghana. We, consequently, argue that significant attention ought to be paid to these religious ontologies—beliefs, norms and practices—of the indigenous Akan, as an effective means of achieving environmental sustainability. We, therefore, propose the resourcing and adoption of indigenous religious ontologies on the natural world that have the potential of informing and enhancing environmental policies and initiatives towards environmental sustainability in Ghana.
Feasibility of In-Line Raman Spectroscopy for Quality Assessment in Food Industry: How Fast Can We Go?
Authors: Lintvedt Tiril Aurora , Andersen Petter V. , Afseth Nils Kristian , Marquardt Brian , Gidskehaug Lars , Wold Jens Petter 
Published: February 2022

Raman spectroscopy is a viable tool within process analytical technologies due to recent technological advances. In this article, we evaluate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for in-line applications in the food industry by estimating the concentration of the fatty acids EPA + DHA in ground salmon samples (n = 63) and residual bone concentration in samples of mechanically recovered ground chicken (n = 66). The samples were measured under industry like conditions: They moved on a conveyor belt through a dark cabinet where they were scanned with a wide area illumination standoff Raman probe. Such a setup should be able to handle relevant industrial conveyor belt speeds, and it was studied how different speeds (i.e., exposure times) influenced the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Raman spectra as well as the corresponding model performance. For all samples we applied speeds that resulted in 1 s, 2 s, 4 s, and 10 s exposure times. Samples were scanned in both heterogenous and homogenous state. The slowest speed (10 s exposure) yielded prediction errors (RMSECV) of 0.41%EPA + DHA and 0.59% ash for the salmon and chicken data sets, respectively. The more in-line relevant exposure time of 1 s resulted in increased RMSECV values, 0.84% EPA + DHA and 0.84% ash, respectively. The increase in prediction error correlated closely with the decrease in SNR. Further improvements of model performance were possible through different noise reduction strategies. Model performance for homogenous and heterogenous samples was similar, suggesting that the presented Raman scanning approach has the potential to work well also on intact heterogenous foods. The estimation errors obtained at these high speeds are likely acceptable for industrial use, but successful strategies to increase SNR will be key for widespread in-line use in the food industry.
Zero balance ultrafiltration to correct metabolic alkalosis occurring during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Blakey Adam K , Quader Mohammed A 
Published: February 2022

Introduction We describe a case report of metabolic alkalosis that occurred during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) that was corrected during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using zero balance ultrafiltration with normal saline (NS) 0.9%. Case Report A 67-year-old male received a heart transplant 6 days after being placed on VA ECMO. During VA ECMO the patient developed metabolic alkalosis. During CPB, zero balance ultrafiltration with NS 0.9% was used to correct metabolic alkalosis. Discussion Metabolic alkalosis during CPB is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the use of zero balance ultrafiltration to effectively correct metabolic alkalosis. Conclusion Metabolic alkalosis during CPB may be corrected using zero balance ultrafiltration with NS 0.9%.
VA-ECMO rescue therapy in propofol infusion syndrome after cardiac surgery
Authors: Martín María Plaza , Báez Gemma Pastor , Cabello Alfredo García , Stepanenko Alexander , San Román Calvar José Alberto , González Aitor Uribarri 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare entity that could lead to profound cardiogenic shock (CS). Mitochondrial toxicity and sympathetic blockade are the mechanisms leading to CS in PRIS. Case report We present a 22-year-old woman who developed refractory CS due to PRIS after aortic valve replacement surgery secondary to Coxiella infective endocarditis. She was rescued with VA-ECMO (veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) and was discharged 2 months later with no cardiac dysfunction. Discussion PRIS diagnosis is difficult even though propofol is frequently used in critical care units. Abrupt refractory CS in patients with recent use of high doses of propofol (> 4 mg/Kg/h) together with rhabdomyolysis should raise the suspicion. Diagnostic confirmation is based on muscle biopsy and fat enzyme analysis. Conclusion Propofol withdrawal and support therapies—including VA-ECMO—are the treatment of choice in severe PRIS. VA-ECMO could increase survival as a bridge to recovery due to reversibility of PRIS.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China, 2006–2020
Authors: Lin Zhezhe , Yu Jianhua , Liu Shourong , Zhu Mingli 
Published: February 2022

Objective This study analyzed the characteristics and tendencies of resistance to common antibiotics for Klebsiella pneumoniae to provide a basis for clinical treatment and prevention. Methods A total of 71,743 isolates were collected from hospital clinical specimens following standard procedures from 2006 to 2020. Statistical analyses were conducted on laboratory test results. Results A total of 3054 isolates of K. pneumoniae were mainly isolated from sputum (53.77%), urine (14.70%), and blood (8.42%). Isolation rates of strains in the AIDS, hepatology, and intensive care wards were 9.72%, 12.52%, and 16.45%, respectively. Resistance rates of imipenem, cefazolin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime respectively increased from 2.33%, 27.91%, 16.28%, 13.95%, 18.60%, and 9.30% to 12.83%, 40.82%, 21.57%, 25.07%, 44.61%, and 17.78%, while piperacillin–tazobactam resistance decreased from 13.95% to 13.70%. Differences in resistance rates to seven antibiotics were significant among specimen types. Detection rates of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were significantly different among blood, sputum, and urine specimens, and between wards. Conclusions The prevalence and drug resistance of K. pneumoniae showed an upward trend over time, and resistance varied according to ward and specimen source. The prevention of nosocomial infections and rational drug use must be emphasized to reduce antimicrobial resistance.