bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing spatial variability in the trophic transfer of essential nutrients from plankton to European sardine (Sardina pilchardus)
Authors: Neven Carolin Julie , Soudant Philippe , Marchal Paul , Lefebvre Sébastien , Lefebvre Alain , Wacquet Guillaume , Quere Claudie , Pernet Fabrice , Giraldo Carolina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Phytoplankton play a crucial role in marine food webs as they supply essential fatty acids (FA) to higher trophic levels, from small pelagic fish to top predators, through the intermediary action of zooplankton. Thus, the composition and nutritional value of plankton communities expectably influence abundance and condition of predators potentially leading to spatial variation in trophic transfer. Through the analysis of the FA profile of zooplankton and European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), and of the community composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton, we investigated (i) large-scale spatial variability in the trophic transfer of FA from plankton to small pelagic fish and (ii) the factors influencing this transfer in the English Channel. We found that the FA composition of zooplankton and sardine differed between the western and eastern basins of the English Channel (WEC and EEC, respectively), reflecting differences in plankton community composition. The FA profile of sardine varied further with regard to energy allocation strategies and conditions. This suggests a strong bottom-up influence of plankton community composition on the spatial variability of FA transfer with an additional impact of fish physiological status. Understanding the reasons behind the separation pattern of sardines between the WEC and the EEC would be helpful to inform fisheries and ecosystem-based management advice.
Lysis of Escherichia coli by colicin Ib contributes to bacterial cross-feeding by releasing active β-galactosidase
Authors: Lerminiaux Nicole A , Kaufman Jaycee M , Schnell Laura J , Workman Sean D , Suchan Danae M , Kröger Carsten , Ingalls Brian P , Cameron Andrew D S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The diffusible toxin ColIb produced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 is a potent inhibitor of Escherichia coli growth. To identify and parameterize metabolic cross-feeding in states of competition, we established defined communities in which E. coli was the only species able to access a sole carbon source, lactose. Although ColIb was predicted to undermine cross-feeding by killing the lactose-converting E. coli, S. enterica populations thrived in co-culture. We discovered that ColIb caused the release of active β-galactosidase from E. coli cells, which induced galactose uptake by S. enterica. Although iron limitation stimulates ColIb production and makes E. coli more sensitive to the toxin, ColIb killing in iron-limited conditions did not enhance iron acquisition or siderophore scavenging by S. enterica. Also unexpected was the rapid rate at which resistance to ColIb evolved in E. coli through spontaneous mutation of the ColIb receptor gene cirA or horizontal acquisition of the S. enterica colicin immunity gene imm. Mathematical modelling effectively predicted the growth kinetics of E. coli and S. enterica populations, revealing a tractable system in which ColIb can shrink a competitor population while simultaneously amplifying the metabolic contributions of the suppressed population.
Exploring the Anti-Obesity Effects of Lactobacillus in C57BL/6 mice: Mechanisms, Interventions, and Future Directions
Authors: Lim Sharoen Yu Ming , Chong E-Jayn , Mah Weng Yan , Pan Yan , Fang Chee Mun , Murugaiah Chandrika , Alshagga Mustafa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lactobacillus species show strong potential in fighting obesity-related inflammation and metabolic issues. Obesity causes inflammation in adipose tissue, which harms insulin sensitivity and leads to fat buildup. Lactobacillus strains like L. gasseri, L. reuteri, and L. plantarum help regulate lipid metabolism by boosting key genes, preventing fat cell formation, and encouraging fat breakdown. They also produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that improve gut health, activate metabolic pathways, and reduce inflammation. Studies in animals have shown that Lactobacillus can reduce body weight, fat, and inflammation, with L. plantarum being especially effective in improving gut microbiota and liver function. When combined with other probiotics or prebiotics, these strains work even better, enhancing lipid metabolism and reducing inflammation. These results suggest that Lactobacillus could be an effective way to manage obesity and related health problems by influencing metabolism, gut health, and inflammation. However, more research, particularly human clinical trials, is needed to confirm its potential as a dietary treatment for obesity.
Possible Constraints on Asteroid-Mass Primordial Black Holes from Solar System Cratering
Authors: Santarelli Andrew D , Caplan Matthew E , Smith Nevin T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to their novel cratering mechanism, primordial black holes (PBHs) in the asteroid mass window of about 1017 to 1019 g can produce surface features on solar system bodies that are distinguishable from traditional impact craters. High resolution surface scans of old cratered solar system bodies therefore provide a way to test compact dark matter candidates like PBHs. In this work, we calculate the flux of PBHs across three targets: the Moon, Mercury, and Ganymede. We consider PBHs from both the galactic halo and thick dark disk, and include modulation due to annual and galactic orbits, gravitational focusing, and the vertical oscillation of the solar system. We show that non-detection of a PBH crater on all three of these bodies has the potential to constrain PBHs as dark matter near the evaporation limit, potentially improving current constraints by up to about an order of magnitude, or roughly 1018 g.
Devil’s Staircase and Power-Law due to Desynchronization in a Laboratory Plasma
Authors: Fukuyama Takao , Noguchi Kojiro , Miyoshi Hiroto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Applying a periodic external force to chaotic ionization waves in a laboratory plasma induces system transitions to a phase-synchronized state. Upon systematically varying the intensity and frequency of the applied periodic external force as control parameters, a devil’s staircase structure was observed in the desynchronization graph, which represents the time evolution of the phase difference and depicts the system’s return to its original state after phase synchronization. The average duration of the phase-synchronized state was examined by changing the parameters governing the system (i.e., the strength and frequency of the external force). The results revealed a power-law of type-I intermittency between the parameters and duration of the phase-synchronized state.
Preventing Falls in Older Adults after Upper Limb Fractures: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lobo Bárbara Santos , Amaral Alfonsi Maynara , Lima Camila Astolphi , Felipe Sarah Giulia Bandeira , Kristensen Morten Tange , Beaupre Lauren A , Sherrington Catherine , Bruder Andrea M , Perracini Monica Rodrigues 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The objective was to identify and describe fall prevention strategies in upper limb fracture rehabilitation for older people using recent fall prevention guidelines as a standard.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in 9 electronic databases (PUBMED/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science, AgeLine, and SciELO), grey literature, and in bibliographic and citation searching of selected articles between May and December 2022 and updated between February and March 2024. Two independent reviewers screened citations for inclusion. Data extraction was performed by 1 reviewer and verified by a second reviewer. A frequency of strategies and content analysis syntheses were conducted.

Results
A broad search strategy was used, initially identifying 25,945 articles and including 6 randomized clinical trials. The grey literature search identified 18 records. Five studies included forearm fractures, 1 upper limb fracture, and no study exclusively rehabilitation after humerus fractures. None of the studies provided comprehensive multifactorial fall risk assessments to guide tailored interventions. Assessments mainly focused on gait and balance. Exercise was the most offered intervention alone or in combination with education. Exercise programs were aligned with recommendations to include progressive balance and functional exercises overall. However, the frequency of 3 or more times weekly was less frequently offered. The grey literature showed a lack of fall prevention-specific information after upper limb fractures and mostly called attention to fall prevention after hip fractures.

Conclusion
Upper limb fracture rehabilitation in older adults, considered at high risk of falling, did not include comprehensive and tailored multifactorial fall assessment and intervention. Unequivocally, exercise programs were overall aligned with recent recommendations and were the most frequent intervention. There is a crucial gap for humerus fractures. This study can help align the treatment of upper limb fractures with updated fall prevention recommendations and impact future research, guiding and influencing implementation in clinical practice.

Impact
There is an urgent need to implement comprehensive and tailored multifactorial fall assessments and interventions in rehabilitation programs for older adults recovering from upper limb fractures. Guidelines should direct this work to enhance clinical practice.
Beyond Rice: The Rise of Salt-Tolerant Potatoes and Sweetpotatoes in Bangladesh?
Authors: Günther Manuela Kristin , Lüttringhaus Sophia , von Witzke Katarina , Ewell Hanna , Nawrotzki Raphael , Miethbauer Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In southern Bangladesh, where rice dominates as the staple crop, the introduction of salt-tolerant potato and sweetpotato varieties aims to enhance agricultural productivity and address food and nutrition insecurity in response to climate change and soil salinisation. This study evaluates the impact of an intervention that disseminated improved varieties alongside agronomy and nutrition training. Using ex-post data from 1,621 farmers, treated and untreated, recalling the 2022/23 and 2018/19 seasons, a matched difference-in-difference analysis reveals an average treatment effect of the treated on sweet potato yield of 4.8 tonnes/ha (33% increase) but no effect on potato yield. Yet, there is evidence for widespread disadoption of the improved varieties. Results from a Heckman selection model including robustness checks for heterogeneity, suggest positive yield effects stem mostly from training. Although no significant difference in food and nutrition security was observed between treated and comparison households, we note a shift in cultivation patterns. Potatoes, traditionally grown by men as cash crops, were increasingly cultivated by women to combat food insecurity, whilst sweetpotatoes, traditionally grown for consumption, became more commercialised. This study shows the importance of timely planned evaluations of agriculture projects that carefully consider the interplay of adoption, training, consumption, and gender, highlighting the need for locally targeted initiatives to address food and nutrition insecurity in climate-vulnerable regions.
Expression complementation between fundamental biological pathways in Populus hybrid contributes to heterosis in cadmium (Cd) accumulation and tolerance
Authors: Li Mengge , Heng Qimeng , Yan Xinyang , Guo Mengfan , Liu Zhaoming , Chen Zheng , Gao Tao , He Xuelian , Zhang Zheyuan , Chen Yinglong , Yong Jean W H , Wang Rongkai , Fan Junfeng , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To reveal the pattern of heterosis in cadmium (Cd) bio-accumulation of poplar and whether the heterosis can promote the phytoremediation efficiency of Cd-polluted soil, the poplar hybrid variety QB-5 (I-101 × 84K) and its female parent I-101 (Populus alba) and male parent 84K (P. alba × P. glandulosa) were employed in a hydroponic experiment and a field trial. BPHs of leaf biomass, leaf area, free proline, CAT, SA and Cd bio-accumulation reached 100.30%, 97.23%, 57.96% 176.41%, 102.94% and 164.17%, respectively, under Cd exposure. A more in-depth analysis unveiled that most traits related to Cd bio-concentration, including root parameters, Cd translocation factor (TF), and Cd bioconcentration factor (BCF) in leaves, were dominant in 84K. In contrast, traits related to stress tolerance were dominant in I-101. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that hub genes responsible for Cd translocation and bioconcentration were dominantly expressed in 84K, resulting in superior leaf Cd concentration in males compared to females. Conversely, most genes responsible for stress tolerance were highly expressed in I-101. The hybrid exhibited a high-parent complementation pattern for critical traits and relevant hub genes, contributing to better-parent heterosis for these traits. Overexpression of PagP5CS1, a gene showing above-high-parent expression in hybrid, increased Cd tolerance and Cd bio-accumulation in poplar, providing molecular evidence for the dominance hypothesis of heterosis. The efficiency of phytoremediation for Cd-contaminated soil can be largely promoted by exploring and utilizing heterosis in Cd tolerance and Cd bio-accumulation.
Action mechanisms of polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions
Authors: Xu Wenfeng , Zhao Jing , Li Shaoping 
Published: February 2025

Water decoction is the main form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) administered in clinics. Polysaccharides are major components of decoction. Recent studies reported that polysaccharides possess multiple pharmacological activities. However, the mechanism by which oral Chinese herbal polysaccharides play vital roles in the body remains uncertain. This review discussed the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions and their effects, direct and indirect. The direct impact from polysaccharides includes being absorbed into the body immunity regulation through Peyer's patches; electrostatic adsorption, hydrophobic interaction, and glycoprotein receptors-induced antibacterial effects; prebiotic functions; gut microbiota structural regulation; and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. The indirect effects of the polysaccharides in Chinese herbal decoctions include phytochemical toxicity reduction and activity enhancement. Finally, their clinical and research significance is summarized and future research directions are discussed.
Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A155.
Discovery of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors Based on the Skeleton of Piperine: Synthesis, Properties, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Their Potentials in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Zhang Juan , Yang Xue-Tao , Zhang Min , Zhu Qi-Meng , Yao Da-Hong , Ma Xiao-Chi , Hammock Bruce D. , Sun Cheng-Peng 
Published: February 2025

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) emerges as a target of interest for inflammatory diseases. Piperine is a natural amide alkaloid from Piper nigrum and displays an inhibitory effect toward sEH, therefore, a library of urea-type analogues were designed and synthesized based on its skeleton, and analyzed the structure-activity relationship. Piperine derivatives 11e, 11h, 11j, and 11o showed inhibitory potentials toward sEH with IC50 values from 20 nM to 70 nM. Compound 11h attenuated the pathological course of LPS-mediated acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo. Furthermore, levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, and LDH were decreased after administration of 11h. The LPS-mediated inflammation and redox unbalance, including expressions of COX-2, HO-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, p-p65/p65, GCLM, and Nrf2, were ameliorated through NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways via enhancing levels of EETs in LPS-exposed ALI mice after compound 11h treatment. Molecular docking demonstrated that the aromatic unsaturated group of 11h occupied a hydrophobic pocket and its urea group formed three hydrogen bonds with Asp333, Tyr381, and Tyr465, which stabilized the active conformation of the ligand. These findings demonstrated that compound 11h may serve as a lead compound for developing sEH inhibitors and treating inflammation related to diseases, such as ALI.
Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A153.
Comparison of machine learning algorithms for automatic prediction of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Aslan Emrah , Özüpak Yildirim 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurological disorder marked by irreversible memory loss and cognitive decline. Traditional diagnostic tools, such as intracranial volume assessments, electroencephalography (EEG) signals, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have shown utility in detecting the disease. However, artificial intelligence (AI) offers promise for automating this process, potentially enhancing diagnostic accuracy and accessibility.

Methods:
In this study, various machine learning models were used to detect Alzheimer disease, including K-nearest neighbor regression, support vector machines (SVM), AdaBoost regression, and logistic regression. A neural network was constructed and validated using data from 150 participants in the University of Washington’s Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (Open Access Imaging Studies Series [OASIS] dataset). Cross-validation was also performed on the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset to assess the robustness of the models.

Results:
Among the models tested, K-nearest neighbor regression achieved the highest accuracy, reaching 97.33%. The cross-validation on the ADNI dataset further confirmed the effectiveness of the models, demonstrating satisfactory results in screening and diagnosing Alzheimer disease in a community-based sample.

Conclusion:
The findings indicate that AI-based models, particularly K-nearest neighbor regression, provide promising accuracy for the early detection of Alzheimer disease. This approach has potential for further development into practical diagnostic tools that could be applied in clinical and community settings.
Changes in musculoskeletal pain among computer workers when working from home
Authors: Casjens Swaantje , Griemsmann Stephanie , Hosbach Ingolf , Wechsler Konstantin , Weber Britta , Clarenbach Claudia , Petersen Jens , Neubauer Birger , Ellegast Rolf , Behrens Thomas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objectives
This study evaluated the impact of increased working from home on musculoskeletal pain before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods
In an online survey (September 2023 to April 2024), pain was rated on a numeric rating scale. The impact of working from home and covariates on new pain onset and exacerbation was modeled using logistic regression analyses.

Results
Of 1,064 participating computer workers, 968 were working from home. Working from home compared to office-only work, showed a trend of increasing pain. Longer remote working hours and poorer workstation setups also increased the risks for pain (e.g., new neck or upper back pain OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.08-3.76).

Conclusions
Preventing musculoskeletal pain should involve improving remote workstation ergonomics, promoting healthy lifestyles, participation in regular occupational health screenings, and supporting employees with anxiety or depression symptoms.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Women Office Workers in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study on the Impacts of Ergonomics Knowledge in the Work from Home Era
Authors: Bin sheeha Bodor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The working-from-home trend aimed at enhancing work-life balance may increase absenteeism due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aims to assess office ergonomic knowledge, estimate the prevalence of MSDs, and identify the risk factors that may increase MSD risk.

Design
A cross-sectional design was employed using a valid and reliable questionnaire to attain the objectives.

Results
MSDs were prevalent, most commonly affecting the shoulders. The mean ergonomic knowledge score was 3.98 out of nine. According to ROSA, 83% of the workers had a low MSD risk, whereas 16% had a high risk.

Conclusion
The study revealed the high prevalence of MSDs. Most of the employees had a low MSD risk, and their knowledge of ergonomics was low to moderate. The factors concluded may assist in tailoring the educational program.
Workforce Assessment of Nurse Anesthetists to Mitigate Intent to Leave and Improve Labor Participation
Authors: Wilbanks Bryan A. , Effinger Betsy 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to analyze the nurse anesthesia workforce in rural settings to identify strategies to improve retention of employees and encourage increased labor participation.

BACKGROUND
Nurse anesthetists are the primary anesthesia provider for many rural areas and are critical in providing patients' access to care. Anesthesia shortages have a disproportionate impact on at-risk populations and contribute heavily to rural hospital closures.

METHODS
This was an exploratory study using a cross-sectional design with paper-based surveys delivered via postal mail.

RESULTS
Although salary was the top response supporting retention, other effective nonmonetary approaches that included guaranteed time off, feeling valued, and fellow employee morale were identified.

CONCLUSION
The findings of this study imply that work-life balance with flexibility in scheduling are effective tools to reduce intent to leave and recruitment of nurse anesthetists. Recruitment efforts need to focus more on female providers because they have the greatest potential to enhance labor participation. Nurse executives can use this information to collaborate with the recruitment and retention of these advanced practice providers.
Enhancing Hospital Throughput: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Facilitating Discharges in a Pediatric Setting
Authors: Harrison Meghan W. , Molina Adolfo L , Wu Chang L. , Shaughnessy Erin E. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Recent postpandemic respiratory viral surges have highlighted challenges in inpatient capacity at children’s hospitals. Our hospital identified a key bottleneck affecting our ability to accommodate patients: afternoon discharge clustering. We sought to improve throughput efficiency by increasing the percentage of patients discharged outside peak hours.

Methods:
We established an interdisciplinary committee to study our discharge process. We obtained baseline data from January 2021 to April 2022 and determined our peak discharge hours, 11 am–5 pm, when 72% of discharges occurred. Key drivers were identified using the model for improvement, and interventions were trialed using plan-do-study-act cycles. Percent of patients discharged outside peak hours was determined using statistical process control charts (p-charts) as our primary measure. We aimed to improve this percentage by 20% from baseline. Secondary measures were the percentage of discharge orders placed before 9 am and the percentage of patients discharged before 11 am. Balancing measures included average hospital length of stay, discharge turnover time, and patient satisfaction surveys.

Results:
The mean percentage of nonpeak discharges between 5 pm and 11 am increased from a baseline of 28% to 36%. Discharge orders placed before 9 am increased from 4% to 16%. Patients discharged before 11 am increased from 7% to 19%. There were no significant changes in length of stay, discharge turnover time, or patient satisfaction with the discharge process. Key interventions included stakeholder involvement and incentives to support faculty and trainee workflow adjustments, including rounding practices.

Conclusions:
Our team increased the percentage of patients discharged during nonpeak hours and promoted discharge when medically ready.