bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global water distribution in the mantle transition zone from a seismic isotropic velocity model and mineral physics modeling
Authors: Wang Zongfa , Wang Yi 
Published: August 2022

Although the discoveries of hydrous ringwoodite inclusions and ice-VII inclusions in natural diamonds suggest a hydrous mantle transition zone (MTZ), water content and distribution in the MTZ remain unclear. Here combining a global P- and S-wave isotropic velocity tomography and mineral physics modeling, we image the water distribution in the MTZ. Our results indicate that the MTZ is a main water reservoir inside the Earth, and the total water content of the MTZ is about 0.64–1 seawater. The upper MTZ (410–520 km) and the lower MTZ (520–660 km) contain 0.3–0.5 wt% and 0.15–0.2 wt% water, respectively, implying water contents of the MTZ decrease with increasing depths. The most hydrous regions are mainly located near subduction zones, where the upper MTZ and the lower MTZ can contain water up to 0.5–1 wt% and 0.2–0.5 wt%, respectively, indicating water is transported into the MTZ by hydrous slabs. In addition, old subducted slabs in the western Pacific subduction zone are more hydrous than young subducted slabs in the eastern Pacific subduction zone. We also propose a water circulation model which integrates our results of the water content and distribution in the MTZ.
Factors correlated with targeted prevention for prediabetes classified by impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated HbA1c: A population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyue , Yang Zhipeng , He Zhiliang , Hu Jingyao , Yin Tianxiu , Bai Hexiang , Li Ruoyu , Cai Le , Guo Haijian , Li Mingma , Yan Tao , Li You , Shen Chenye , Sun Kaicheng , Liu Yu , Sun Zilin , Wang Bei 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThere is still controversy surrounding the precise characterization of prediabetic population. We aim to identify and examine factors of demographic, behavioral, clinical, and biochemical characteristics, and obesity indicators (anthropometric characteristics and anthropometric prediction equation) for prediabetes according to different definition criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in the Chinese population.MethodsA longitudinal study consisted of baseline survey and two follow-ups was conducted, and a pooled data were analyzed. Prediabetes was defined as either impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) according to the ADA criteria. Robust generalized estimating equation models were used.ResultsA total of 5,713 (58.42%) observations were prediabetes (IGT, 38.07%; IGT, 26.51%; elevated HbA1c, 23.45%); 9.66% prediabetes fulfilled all the three ADA criteria. Among demographic characteristics, higher age was more evident in elevated HbA1c [adjusted OR (aOR)=2.85]. Female individuals were less likely to have IFG (aOR=0.70) and more likely to suffer from IGT than male individuals (aOR=1.41). Several inconsistency correlations of biochemical characteristics and obesity indicators were detected by prediabetes criteria. Body adiposity estimator exhibited strong association with prediabetes (D10: aOR=4.05). For IFG and elevated HbA1c, the odds of predicted lean body mass exceed other indicators (D10: aOR=3.34; aOR=3.64). For IGT, predicted percent fat presented the highest odds (D10: aOR=6.58).ConclusionSome correlated factors of prediabetes under different criteria differed, and obesity indicators were easily measured for target identification. Our findings could be used for targeted intervention to optimize preventions to mitigate the obviously increased prevalence of diabetes.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolically healthy obese versus metabolically unhealthy obese school children
Authors: Wan Mohd Zin Ruziana Mona , Jalaludin Muhammad Yazid , Yahya Abqariyah , Nur Zati Iwani Ahmad Kamil , Md Zain Fuziah , Hong Janet Yeow Hua , Mokhtar Abdul Halim , Wan Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionChildren with obesity in the absence of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) have been described as metabolically healthy obese (MHO). Children with MHO phenotype has a favorable metabolic profile with normal glucose metabolism, lipids, and blood pressure compared to children with metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) phenotype. This study aimed to compare several parameters related to obesity between these two groups and to examine the predictors associated with the MHO phenotype.MethodsThis study included a cross-sectional baseline data of 193 children with obesity (BMI z-score &gt; +2 SD) aged 8-16 years enrolled in MyBFF@school program, a school-based intervention study conducted between January and December 2014. Metabolic status was defined based on the 2018 consensus-based criteria with MHO children had no CRF (HDL-cholesterol &gt; 1.03 mmol/L, triglycerides ≤ 1.7 mmol/L, systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≤ 90th percentile, and fasting plasma glucose ≤ 5.6 mmol/L). Those that did not meet one or more of the above criteria were classified as children with MUO phenotype.ResultsThe prevalence of MHO was 30.1% (95% CI 23.7 – 37.1) among schoolchildren with obesity and more common in younger and prepubertal children. Compared to MUO, children with MHO phenotype had significantly lower BMI, lower waist circumference, lower uric acid, higher adiponectin, and higher apolipoprotein A-1 levels (p &lt; 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that adiponectin (OR: 1.33, 95% CI 1.05 – 1.68) and apolipoprotein A-1 (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.03) were independent predictors for MHO phenotype in this population.ConclusionsMHO phenotype was more common in younger and prepubertal children with obesity. Higher serum levels of adiponectin and apolipoprotein A-1 increased the possibility of schoolchildren with obesity to be classified into MHO phenotype.
What do we do now that the long-acting growth hormone is here?
Authors: Miller Bradley S. 
Published: August 2022

In standard 52-week phase III clinical trials, once weekly lonapegsomatropin, somatrogon and somapacitan have been found to yield non-inferior height velocities and similar safety profiles to daily GH (DGH) in children with pediatric growth hormone deficiency (PGHD).Lonapegsomatropin, a long-acting GH therapy (LAGH), was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August 2021 for the treatment of PGHD and has also been approved in other regions of the world. Somatrogon was approved for the treatment of PGHD beginning in some regions beginning in late 2021. Somapacitan was approved by the FDA for the treatment of Adult GHD in August 2020. The phase III clinical trial of somapacitan for the treatment of PGHD has been completed and demonstrated non-inferiority of somapacitan to DGH.New LAGH products may improve patient adherence, quality of life and clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with poor adherence to daily GH injections in the future. With the availability of new LAGH products, clinicians will need to identify the best candidates for LAGH therapy and understand how to monitor and adjust therapy. Long-term surveillance studies are needed to demonstrate adherence, efficacy, cost-effectiveness and safety of LAGH preparations and to understand how the non-physiological pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles following administration of each LAGH product relate to short- and long-term safety and efficacy of LAGH therapy.
Improvement in lithium-ion transport performance of cathodes by PEGDA-based solid-state electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Yongquan , Zhu Baoshan , Chi Qingguo , Gao Hongchang , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Tiandong , Zhu Kai , Cao Dianxue 
Published: August 2022

The transport performance of lithium ions affects the rate performance of the cathode at different current densities. The poor interface contact between a solid electrolyte and the cathode makes it difficult to transport lithium ions. Adding a solid electrolyte into the cathode material can improve lithium ion transport. In this paper, we prepared some cathodes with different doping ratios, including two common cathode materials (LiFePO4 and NCM811), and tested their rate and long cycle performance. LFP-10 has a specific discharge capacity of 79.75 mAh g−1 at 5C, and the Li+ diffusion coefficient of LFP-10 is 4.91 × 10−13 cm−2 s−1, which is about 13.4 times higher than the pure LiFePO4 sample. The rate performance of an all-solid-state battery has also been improved, and there is still more than 100 mAh g−1 capacity reserved at 60°C and 2C current density. This shows that the introduction of a PEGDA-based solid electrolyte can significantly improve the Li+ transport of the cathode, and the composite cathode also provides support for the future application of all-solid-state batteries.
ZnO/Zn(OH)2 nanoparticles and self-cleaning coatings for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Siddiqi Humaira M. , Habib Amir , Shahid Muhammad , Afzal Adeel 
Published: August 2022

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have emerged as efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions and industrial wastewaters. In this work, a simple and effective method is reported for the synthesis of zinc oxide/zinc hydroxide (ZnO/Zn(OH)2) hybrid nanoparticles using a mineral acid to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. Infrared spectroscopy reveals the presence of hydroxyl groups in ZnO/Zn(OH)2 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction shows the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles, which retain their wurtzite structure after acid treatment but additional diffractions for Zn(OH)2 are also recorded. The optical bandgap of resulting ZnO and ZnO/Zn(OH)2 nanoparticles is reduced to 3.05 and 3.08 eV, respectively. In the initial photocatalysis experiments, ZnO/Zn(OH)2 nanoparticles exhibit 3.5-times improved degradation and removal of sunset yellow dye, a model organic pollutant, from deionized water compared to pristine ZnO nanoparticles. Hence, for further studies, ZnO/Zn(OH)2 coatings are fabricated on glass slides with a uniform surface morphology as shown by the atomic force microscopy. The time-dependent UV-visible spectroscopy reveals the photocatalytic degradation of sunset yellow over the surface of ZnO/Zn(OH)2 coatings. The degradation reaction follows the pseudofirst-order mechanism with a rate constant of 2.9 × 10–2 min−1. The recyclability and stability experiments reveal the retention of appreciable photocatalytic activity of ZnO/Zn(OH)2 coatings (with &gt;92% degradation efficiency after six successive cycles). The results are compared with recent examples from the pertinent literature. The surface hydroxyl groups on ZnO/Zn(OH)2 nanoparticles and bandgap lowering enhance the anchoring of dye molecules and electron transfer reactions.
Multi-depth evolution characteristics of soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau in the past 70 years using reanalysis products
Authors: Liu Yangxiaoyue , Yang Yaping 
Published: August 2022

Soil moisture (SM) is a crucial component of the hydrological cycle. Both the spatial–temporal distribution and the variation characteristics of SM are effective indicators of regional land surface water resource homogeneity and heterogeneity. With consideration of the crucial role of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the hydrological process in Asia, this study investigated the fluctuation of multi-depth soil moisture across the TP during 1950–2020 on a monthly scale against the background of global warming by using ERA5 reanalysis datasets. The correlation and potential causality between soil moisture and associated driving factors were explored. Our research revealed that the soil moisture across the TP shows a slight wetting trend at 0–100 cm depth for the past 70 years against the background of climate warming and increasing precipitation. Additionally, the wetting region (variation trend ≥ 0.005 m3/m3 per decade) had sufficient water supplementation from precipitation and a mild soil temperature increase. By comparison, there is a noteworthy warming tendency and falling precipitation in the sparsely distributed drying region (variation trend ≤ −0.005 m3/m3 per decade). In terms of vertical variation features, the temporal dynamic fluctuation of soil moisture and soil temperature evidently decreases as the depth increases, suggesting high sensitivity of the surface layer soil to atmospheric conditions. Precipitation and snowmelt preliminarily proved to be the dominant drivers causing spatial and temporal variations in soil moisture (occupying over 70% of the TP region), and bidirectional causality (ranging between 15.52% and 50.56%) was found between soil moisture and these two parameters. In summary, this study explored the spatial–temporal fluctuation in the evolutionary characteristics of SM, which is expected to advance our understanding of soil moisture dynamics under the conditions of climate change across the TP.
Case Report: Long-term follow-up of desert hedgehog variant caused 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis with multiple complications in a Chinese child
Authors: Pan Lili , Li Zhuoguang , Su Zhe , Su Wei , Zheng Rongfei , Chen Weiyan , He Xuezhi , Song Jianming , Li Shoulin , Wen Pengqiang 
Published: August 2022

Background: Desert hedgehog (DHH), as a member of the Hedgehog (HH) family, is mainly involved in testicular development and peripheral nerve sheath formation. A DHH variant has been identified in patients with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis (46, XY GD) with or without neuropathy, but few reports mention the involvement of other complications.Case presentation: Here, we report a Chinese female patient who was hospitalized at 14.3 years old due to slow breast development for more than 1 year. She had a female genitalia phenotype and breast development started at 13 years old but progressed slowly. She was not yet menarche on admission, and she had intermittent muscle cramps in her hands and feet. Her karyotype analysis was 46, XY and the SRY gene was positive. Surgical exploration revealed no uterus or ovaries, and the pathology of bilateral gonads was dysplastic testis tissue, which was consistent with partial gonadal dysgenesis (PGD). Genetic analysis identified a homozygous pathogenic variant in DHH exon 3 (c.1027T&gt;C, p. Cys343Arg). During the 6-year follow-up, she received estrogen replacement therapy, resulting in breast development progression without gender dysphoria. However, her peripheral neuropathy became more obvious, and a nerve conduction study (NCS) indicated decreased nerve conduction velocity and action potential. In addition, she also suffered complications such as obesity, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and gastric ulcers.Conclusion: In the present study, we reported a case of 46, XY GD with minifascicular neuropathy caused by a DHH homozygous variant, and we summarized the reported cases worldwide. For the first time in such patients, we showed a comparison of NCS changes with age as well as the presence of multiple complications not previously reported.
Genome-wide identification, structural analysis and expression profiles of short internodes related sequence gene family in quinoa
Authors: Zhu Xiaolin , Wang Baoqiang , Wang Xian , Wei Xiaohong 
Published: August 2022

Based on the whole genome data information of Chenopodium quinoa Willd, the CqSRS gene family members were systematically identified and analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the responses of CqSRS genes to NaCl (100 mmol/L), salicylic acid (200 umol/L) and low temperature (4°C) were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that a total of 10 SHI related sequence genes were identified in quinoa, and they were distributed on 9 chromosomes, and there were four pairs of duplicated genes. The number of amino acids encoded ranged from 143 aa to 370 aa, and the isoelectric point ranged from 4.81 to 8.90. The secondary structure was mainly composed of random coil (Cc). Most of the SRS gene encoding proteins were located in the cytoplasm (5 CqSRS). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CqSRS genes were divided into three groups, and the gene structure showed that the number of exons of CqSRS was between two-five. Promoter analysis revealed that there are a total of 44 elements related to plant hormone response elements, light response elements, stress response elements and tissue-specific expression in the upstream regin of the gene. Protein interaction showed that all 10 CqSRS proteins appeared in the known protein interaction network diagram in Arabidopsis. Expression profile analysis showed that CqSRS genes had different expression patterns, and some genes had tissue-specific expression. qRT-PCR showed that all SRS family genes responded to ABA、NaCl、drought and low-temperature treatments, but the expression levels of different CqSRS genes were significantly different under various stresses. This study lays a foundation for further analyzed the function of CqSRS genes.
Dynamic transcriptome analysis suggests the key genes regulating seed development and filling in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Garetn.)
Authors: Jiang Liangzhen , Liu Changying , Fan Yu , Wu Qi , Ye Xueling , Li Qiang , Wan Yan , Sun Yanxia , Zou Liang , Xiang Dabing , Lv Zhibin 
Published: August 2022

Tartary buckwheat is highly attractive for the richness of nutrients and quality, yet post-embryonic seed abortion greatly halts the yield. Seed development is crucial for determining grain yield, whereas the molecular basis and regulatory network of Tartary buckwheat seed development and filling is not well understood at present. Here, we assessed the transcriptional dynamics of filling stage Tartary buckwheat seeds at three developmental stages by RNA sequencing. Among the 4249 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), genes related to seed development were identified. Specifically, 88 phytohormone biosynthesis signaling genes, 309 TFs, and 16 expansin genes participating in cell enlargement, 37 structural genes involved in starch biosynthesis represented significant variation and were candidate key seed development genes. Cis-element enrichment analysis indicated that the promoters of differentially expressed expansin genes and starch biosynthesis genes are rich of hormone-responsive (ABA-, AUX-, ET-, and JA-), and seed growth-related (MYB, MYC and WRKY) binding sites. The expansin DEGs showed strong correlations with DEGs in phytohormone pathways and transcription factors (TFs). In total, phytohormone ABA, AUX, ET, BR and CTK, and related TFs could substantially regulate seed development in Tartary buckwheat through targeting downstream expansin genes and structural starch biosynthetic genes. This transcriptome data could provide a theoretical basis for improving yield of Tartary buckwheat.
Interferon gamma as an immune modulating adjunct therapy for invasive mucormycosis after severe burn – A case report
Authors: Tawfik Dina M. , Dereux Caroline , Tremblay Jan-Alexis , Boibieux Andre , Braye Fabienne , Cazauran Jean-Baptiste , Rabodonirina Meja , Cerrato Elisabeth , Guichard Audrey , Venet Fabienne , Monneret Guillaume , Payen Didier , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Textoris Julien 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMucormycosis is a deadly fungal infection that mainly affects severely immunocompromised patients. We report herein the case of a previously immunocompetent adult woman who developed invasive cutaneous mucormycosis after severe burn injuries. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) treatment was added after failure of conventional treatment and confirmation of a sustained profound immunodepression. The diagnosis was based on a reduced expression of HLA-DR on monocytes (mHLA-DR), NK lymphopenia and a high proportion of immature neutrophils. The immune-related alterations were longitudinally monitored using panels of immune-related biomarkers.ResultsInitiation of IFN-γ was associated with a rapid clinical improvement and a subsequent healing of mucormycosis infection, with no residual fungi at the surgical wound repair. The serial immunological assessment showed sharp improvements of immune parameters: a rapid recovery of mHLA-DR and of transcriptomic markers for T-cell proliferation. The patient survived and was later discharged from the ICU.ConclusionThe treatment with recombinant IFN-γ participated to the resolution of a progressively invasive mucormycosis infection, with rapid improvement in immune parameters. In the era of precision medicine in the ICU, availability of comprehensive immune monitoring tools could help guiding management of refractory infections and provide rationale for immune stimulation strategies in these high risk patients.
Peripheral cytokine levels as novel predictors of survival in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mao Xin-Cheng , Yang Chun-Cheng , Yang Ya-Fei , Yan Lun-Jie , Ding Zi-Niu , Liu Hui , Yan Yu-Chuan , Dong Zhao-Ru , Wang Dong-Xu , Li Tao 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEarly identification of patients who will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has recently become a hot issue in cancer immunotherapy. Peripheral cytokines are key regulators in the immune system that can induce the expression of immune checkpoint molecules; however, the association between peripheral cytokines and the efficiency of ICIs remains unclear.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in several public databases from inception through 3 February 2022 to identify studies investigating the association between peripheral cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-2, IL-2RA, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β) and ICI treatment. Survival data, including overall survival (OS) and/or progression-free survival (PFS), were extracted, and meta-analyses were performed.ResultsTwenty-four studies were included in this analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that the pretreatment peripheral levels of IL-6 (univariate analysis: HR = 2.53, 95% CI = 2.21–2.89, p &lt; 0.00001; multivariate analysis: HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.67–2.93, p &lt; 0.00001) and IL-8 (univariate analysis: HR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.98–2.38, p &lt; 0.00001; multivariate analysis: HR = 1.88, 95% CI= 1.70–2.07, p &lt; 0.00001) were significantly associated with worse OS of cancer patients receiving ICI treatment in both univariate and multivariate analysis. However, high heterogeneity was found for IL-6, which might be attributed to region, cancer type, treatment method, sample source, and detection method.ConclusionThe peripheral level of IL-8 may be used as a prognostic marker to identify patients with inferior response to ICIs. More high-quality prospective studies are warranted to assess the predictive value of peripheral cytokines for ICI treatment.