bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Comparison of Flexible-Inflatable and Rigid Small-Scale Heaving Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Kelly Michael , Boerner Thomas , Alam Mohammad-Reza 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper we answer the question of how well flexible-inflatable absorbers of different materials and inflation pressures perform relative to their equivalent rigid absorber counterparts for a small-scale (2 m diameter) heaving wave energy converter (WEC) with time domain numerical modeling. Inflatable absorbers have the potential to significantly decrease shipping, installation, and structural materials costs when compared with rigid structures, but their performance has not been thoroughly investigated for realistic materials and with fluid-flexible structure interaction. In this paper we use a generalized modes approach for the flexible-inflatable rubber absorbers to see how adding structural flexibility affects performance. The modal mass and stiffness matrices and natural mode shapes of each flexible absorber are found using the ANSYS Structural package, after an initial inflation pressure prestress step. These values are then input into WAMIT, a linear potential flow solver, to find the hydrodynamic coefficients for the six rigid body modes and additional flexible modes. A time-domain model for the rigid and flexible WECs is developed in WEC-SIM, which uses the generalized mode hydrodynamics with a simple spring and damper power take-off (PTO) system to predict power performance for regular wave and irregular wave cases. The PTO is optimized from a discrete set to maximize power absorption or keep forces below 10 kN. The analyses show that adding structural flexibility can improve average power absorption (∼ −1% to +8%) but also lead to larger PTO forces (up to 15%), with differences depending on sea state parameters. The results also suggest that a rigid absorber can be replaced by an inflatable with the same PTO system at this scale and the power performance will not be affected. By analyzing these different scenarios, device developers and potential marine energy customers will have a better understanding of the feasibility of using inflatable absorbers for many of the differing applications that make up the growing blue economy.
A Perspective of Decommissioning Methods for Bottom-Fixed Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Salahshour Soheil , Ong Muk Chen , Skaare Bjørn , Jiang Zhiyu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The number of decommissioning activities in the offshore wind industry will increase in the coming years as many wind turbines reach their planned service lifetimes. Cost-effective solutions for decommissioning are important considering the levelized cost of energy of offshore wind farms. In addition to the existing challenges in marine operations such as waiting for suitable weather window, logistics and availability of the vessels, the limited experience in offshore wind decommissioning makes the process more challenging regarding the fact that the size of current installations of offshore wind turbines is growing considerably and more preparation and competence are required in association with new projects. In this paper, a review of existing decommissioning methods for offshore bottom-fixed wind turbines is provided first. The removal of wind turbines’ foundation and transition piece, on which significant duration of decommissioning operation is spent, is identified as a critical element, and is focused on. The decommissioning challenges and the decommissioning techniques implemented in previous projects are studied. These include partial and complete removals of foundations. These techniques and methods will be investigated thoroughly.
Power Production From a Hydrokinetic Device: Mass of Water Turbine
Authors: Lamei Azin , Hayatdavoodi Masoud , Moir Stuart 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Water current interaction with a hydrokinetic energy converter is studied by use of computational fluid dynamics. Mass of water turbine (MOWT) consists of several thin paddles attached to a conveyor, that are allowed to rotate around the hull. As the incoming current passes under the current energy converter, the paddles move to the direction of the water flow. The motion of the paddles is converted to electricity through the power take-off system of the device. In this study, a two-dimensional computational current tank is generated and the current-structure interaction of a simple geometry is studied. Good agreement between the computed forces and existing data for the same geometry are observed. The velocity and the pressure fields around the MOWT are determined and discussion is provided on the velocity and pressure distribution around the body. Moreover, the forces on individual paddles of the MOWT are computed and compared with the empirical relations. It is found that the current-induced force on the leading paddle is substantially different from that on the downstream paddles due to the change of the flow field. For efficient energy production from this device, optimization is necessary to find a suitable configuration. To obtain an optimum design of the MOWT, the effect of the configuration of the paddles is investigated by considering several combinations and assessing the current-induced loads on the paddles.
A Combined Nonlinear Mooring-Line and Umbilical Cable Dynamics Model and Application
Authors: Yim Solomon C. , Chen Ming , Ai Shangmao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Subsea umbilical cable modeling has been widely employed in solving practical engineering problems, including wave energy converter (WEC) array system, offshore oil and gas platforms and floating production systems, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in naval operations, and oceanographic mapping, monitoring, and sampling. For analysis and design of these systems, an accurate, efficient, and reliable computational model is necessary. In this study, a combined nonlinear mooring-line and umbilical dynamics with bending capability (MUDB) model is developed and validated. The newly developed model is integrated into an open-source wave energy converter simulator, WEC-Sim and used to simulate and analyze the practical offshore WEC and WEC array system. A two-body floating point absorber (FPA) WEC system is simulated and analyzed. The accurate predictions in both statics and dynamics demonstrate the outstanding capabilities of the model applied in analyzing the WEC dynamic response and WEC design. Then the integration model is applied to simulate and analyze a section of advanced WEC array design of the FPA system by adding a power cord to the FPA spar connected to a floating static hub.
Development of a High Efficient Compound Surfactant for Foam Drainage in Gas Wells
Authors: Dong Jie , Dong Sanbao , Miao Zhipeng , Wang Qingchen , Li Yongfei , Qu Chengtun , Chen Gang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the foaming properties of a compound surfactant formula containing cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), cocamidopropyl betaine (CDAB), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-7 (AEO7) and sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOST) were evaluated to meet the application requirements for foam generation and foam drainage in gas wells. The results exhibited that the foaming volume and the half-life of the compound surfactant solution (0.05 wt % CTAC + 0.7 wt % CDAB + 0.6 wt % AEO7 + 0.05 wt % AOST) can reach the values of 550 mL and 23 min, respectively, which suggested that the foaming ability and stability were improved in comparison with each solution containing a single surfactant. It showed that the surface tension can be lowered to 22.4 mN/m with the presence of the compound surfactants. Simultaneously, the microstructure of the foam was observed using a polarizing microscope, and it was found that there were almost no polyhedron structures in the foam within a certain range of formula concentrations. The results of the experiments also clarify that the formula has well properties of temperature resistance and salt resistance (measured using a high-speed agitator).
Ten sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation for chronic chikungunya arthralgia: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Nascimento Abraão Sérvulo do , Cavalcante Antônio Felipe Lopes , Araújo Thiago Anderson Brito De , da Silva João Danyell Dantas , Silva-Filho Edson , Okano Alexandre , Peroni Gualdi Lucien , Pegado Rodrigo 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThe chikungunya virus infection is still an epidemic in Brazil with an incidence of 59.4 cases per 100 000 in the Northeast region. More than 60% of the patients present relapsing and remitting chronic arthralgia with debilitating pain lasting for years. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) appears promising as a novel neuromodulation approach for pain-related networks to alleviate pain in several pain syndromes. Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of tDCS (C3/Fp2 montage) on pain, muscle strength, functionality and quality of life in chronic arthralgia.Methods and analysisThis protocol is a single-centre, parallel-design, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Forty participants will be randomised to either an active or sham tDCS. A total of 10 sessions will be administered over 2 weeks (one per weekday) using a monophasic continuous current with an intensity of 2 mA for 20 min. Participants will be evaluated at baseline, after the 10th session, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after intervention. Primary outcome: pain assessed using numeric rating scale and algometry. Secondary outcomes: muscle strength, functionality and quality of life. The effects of stimulation will be calculated using a mixed analysis of variance model.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (No. 2.413.851) and registered on the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials. Study results will be disseminated through presentations at conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberRBR-469yd6.
Cadmium chloride generates cytotoxic reactive species that cause oxidative damage and morphological changes in human erythrocytes
Authors: Iqbal Zarmin , Quds Ruhul , Mahmood Riaz 
Published: October 2022

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is a widely used industrial compound that exhibits multiple organ toxicity. Cadmium is transported through blood where erythrocytes are exposed to its action. Here the effect of CdCl2 on human erythrocytes was examined under in vitro conditions. Human erythrocytes were treated with 0.01–0.5 mM CdCl2 for 24 h at 37 °C. Lysates were made from CdCl2 treated and untreated (control) cells and used for further analysis. CdCl2 treatment resulted in marked hemolysis of erythrocytes and oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. This will result in anemia and also reduce the oxygen carrying ability of erythrocytes. Hemoglobin oxidation was accompanied by degradation of heme and release of free ferrous iron moiety. Further analysis showed elevated lipid hydroperoxides and formation of advanced oxidation protein products along with reduction in total sulfhydryl content, indicating the generation of oxidative stress condition in the cell. Incubation of erythrocytes with CdCl2 enhanced generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, decreased the antioxidant power and inhibited pathways of glucose metabolism. Plasma membrane was damaged as indicated by enhanced osmotic fragility and inhibition of membrane bound enzymes. This was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed formation of echinocytes. These results show that CdCl2 generates reactive species which impair the antioxidant system resulting in oxidative damage to erythrocytes.
TIME-FREQUENCY CO-MOVEMENT BETWEEN COVID-19 AND PAKISTAN’S STOCK MARKET: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM WAVELET COHERENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: ALI SHOAIB , NAVEED MUHAMMAD , SALEEM AISHA , NASIR MUHAMMAD WAJAHAT 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on Pakistan’s traditional (KSE-100) and Islamic (KMI-30) stock market returns. Methodology: This study uses daily data of total cases and deaths of COVID-19 from February 25, 2020 to May 26, 2021. We utilize continuous wavelet transform (CWT), partial wavelet transforms and wavelet coherence transform (WCT) approaches to inspect the impact of COVID-19 on the stock return of KSE-100 and KMI-30 from March 13, 2020 to May 26, 2021. Findings: Contrary to European and several Asian stock markets, these both indexes behave the opposite during COVID-19. This study indicates that COVID-19 influences both these indexes and has a significant impact on both KSE-100 and KMI-30 index in the longer time frame. This study also discloses that with the increasing number of total cases, total death stock market daily return. Practical implications: Investors diversify their portfolio in the desire to achieve maximum return on minimum risk so they diversify across different countries and certain emerging market indexes might provide them a big edge to maximize their return. This diversified strategy can financially support different well-performing emerging markets and save emerging economies. This study enhances the investors trust and confidence to invest in both KSE-100 and KMI-30 due to favorable return of stocks. Originality/value: This examines the co-movement between COVID-19 and the traditional and Islamic stock index of Pakistan whereas, the previous paper only examined the volatility of these indexes during COVID-19. This study also extends the literature that examines how COVID-19 affected the traditional and Islamic stock market indexes.
Epidemiology of Congenital Hand Differences at a Tertiary Hospital in Southern India – Establishment of a New Registry and Assessment Using Both the Swanson/IFSSH and the Oberg, Manske and Tonkin Classifications
Authors: SAIT Anika , ACHARYA Ashwath M. , BHAT Anil K. 
Published: October 2022

Background: In resource challenged nations, the true magnitude of the congenital hand differences (CHD) remain unknown due to a lack of nation-wide surveillance system. We created a hospital-based registry system with the aim to determine the prevalence and distribution of CHD and compare the Swanson/IFSSH (SI) and Oberg, Manske and Tonkin (OMT) classifications. Methods: Data of children aged 0 to 18 years with CHD was entered into the online registry and classified based on the SI and OMT classifications from January 2018 to December 2021. The prevalence and distribution of CHD and risk factors like family history were summarised using descriptive analysis. Syndromic and heredity associations were further analysed using Fischer exact test and odds ratio. Clustered columns were used to compare the two classification systems. Results: A total of 307 patients with CHD presented during the study with a prevalence of 2.4/1,000 patients. Among them, 164 were unilateral, 21 were born of consanguineous marriages (7.6%) and 10 (3.6%) had a family history of CHD. Although not statistically significant, bilateral involvement was twice as likely to be hereditary compared to unilateral involvement. A total of 10 different syndromes were identified among 27 patients of which Holt–Oram syndrome was most common. The most common CHD was Radial longitudinal defificiency (111). A total of 82 (27%) children had other associated anomalies that could not be grouped as a syndrome. Two patients could not be classified using either SI or OMT classifications. Conclusions: The online registry established an efficient way to store and analyse data related to CHD. It provides new information on its prevalence in South India, which is similar to the existing literature. Most of the CHD can be grouped in both the SI and OMT classifications. However, there still remains some conditions that are unclassifiable. There is a need for a national registry of CDH for effective management, funding and research. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Epidemiological)
Intra-medullary Cannulated Headless Compression Screw for Bone Graft Fixation in Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: KOLAITYTE Valdone , MURUGESAN Logendra , CHAN Jeffrey C. Y. 
Published: October 2022

High energy metacarpal fracture presenting with critical bone loss requires bone graft and hardware stabilisation. Early bone grafting and rigid internal fixation allow expedited patient recovery. Plate fixation is the most described technique when an autologous bone graft is being used. In this report, we present an alternative technique to secure bone grafts to metacarpal shafts with intra-medullary headless compression screws (HCS). In the presented patient, significant bone defects of the fourth and fifth metacarpals were bridged using iliac crest cortico-cancellous bone grafts and fixed with HCS. This method of fixation allowed controlled early active mobilisation. Bone graft incorporation and excellent active range of motion were demonstrated. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Chemical Reaction and Generalized Heat Flux Model for Powell–Eyring Model with Radiation Effects
Authors: Salah Faisal 
Published: October 2022

In the current research, the numerical solutions for heat transfer in an Eyring–Powell fluid that conducts electricity past an exponentially growing sheet with chemical reactions are examined. As the sheet is stretched in the

x

direction, the flow occupies the region

y
>
0

. MHD, radiation, joule heating effects, and thermal relaxation time are all used to represent the flow scenario. The emergent problem is represented using PDEs, which are then converted to ODEs using appropriate similarity transformations. The converted problem is solved numerically using the SLM method. The main goal of this paper is to compare the results of solving the velocity and temperature equations in the presence of

K

changes through SLM, introducing it as a precise and appropriate method for solving nonlinear differential equations. Tables with the numerical results are created for comparison. This contrast is important because it shows how precisely the successive linearization method can resolve a set of nonlinear differential equations. Following that, the generated solution is studied and explained in relation to a variety of engineering parameters. Additionally, the thermal relaxation period is inversely proportional to the thickness of the thermal boundary layer and the temperature, but the Eckert number

E
c

is the opposite. As

E
c

grows, the temperature within the channel increases.
Color Matching of Universal Shade Resin-Based Composite with Natural Teeth and Its Stability before and after In-Office Bleaching
Authors: AlHabdan AlHanouf , AlShamrani Ahoud , AlHumaidan Randa , AlFehaid AlJohrah , Eisa Sara 
Published: October 2022

Objectives. Esthetics is an essential issue for the long-term success of composite resin restoration. Therefore, this study aimed to view the esthetics of universal shade composite resin restorations and to assess its color matching before and after bleaching. Materials and Methods. Overall, 40 freshly extracted premolars were mounted in an acrylic resin mold, and Class V cavities were then prepared and restored by OMNICHROMA composite (Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan) and polished with 2-step polishing system. Baseline color analysis was performed using VITA Easyshade V digital spectrophotometer, and another color analysis was carried out 24 hours after storage in distilled water. In-office bleaching was carried out, and color measurements were taken after bleaching and 2 weeks postbleaching. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 Windows version statistical software. Changes were considered statistically significant at

P

= 0.05. Results. ΔE value of OMNICHROMA restoration before and after restoration was 6.474, 3.529 before and after bleaching, and 3.651 two-weeks postbleaching. In-office bleaching was effective in bleaching the OMNICHROMA specimens as the restoration showed positive ΔL

∗

values, which indicated that the specimens were lighter in color after bleaching; however, the bleaching effect was not maintained after 2 weeks. Conclusion. OMNICHROMA universal shade composite resin restoration showed different color matching values with the adjacent enamel of class Vs. The material appeared lighter in shade postbleaching, and the color change was not maintained 2 weeks postbleaching.
Comparing the Relationships of Genetically Proxied PCSK9 Inhibition With Mood Disorders, Cognition, and Dementia Between Men and Women: A Drug‐Target Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Bell Andrew S. , Rosoff Daniel B. , Mavromatis Lucas A. , Jung Jeesun , Wagner Josephin , Lohoff Falk W. 
Published: October 2022

Background
PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitors are important therapeutic options for reducing cardiovascular disease risk; however, questions remain regarding potential differences in the neuropsychiatric impact of long‐term PCSK9 inhibition between men and women.

Methods and Results

Using PCSK9 gene single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from European ancestry–based genome‐wide association studies of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (N=1 320 016), circulating PCSK9 protein levels (N=10 186), tissue‐specific PCSK9 gene expression, sex‐specific genome‐wide association studies of anxiety, depression, cognition, insomnia, and dementia (ranging from 54 321 to 194 174), we used drug‐target inverse variance–weighted Mendelian randomization (MR) and complementary MR methods (MR Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode) to investigate potential neuropsychiatric consequences of genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition in men and women. We failed to find evidence surpassing correction for multiple comparisons of relationships between genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition and the risk for the 12 neuropsychiatric end points in either men or women. Drug‐target analyses were generally well‐powered to detect effect estimates at several hypothesized thresholds for both combined‐sex and sex‐specific end points, especially analyses using PCSK9 instruments derived from protein and expression quantitative trait loci. Further, MR estimates across complementary MR methods and additional models using genetic instruments derived from circulating PCSK9 protein levels and tissue‐specific
PCSK9
expression were in alignment, strengthening causal inference.

Conclusions
Genetically proxied PCSK9 inhibition showed a neutral neuropsychiatric side effect profile with no major sex‐specific differences. Given statistical power considerations, replication with larger samples, as well as data from other ancestral populations, are necessary. These findings may have important clinical implications for lipid‐lowering drug‐prescribing practices and side effect monitoring of approved and future PCSK9 therapies.