bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coal petrography extraction approach based on multiscale mixed-attention-based residual U-net
Authors: Jin Houxin , Cao Le , Kan Xiu , Sun Weizhou , Yao Wei , Wang Xialin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coal petrography extraction is crucial for the accurate analysis of coal reaction characteristics in coal gasification, coal coking, and metal smelting. Nevertheless, automatic extraction remains a challenging task because of the grayscale overlap between exinite and background regions in coal photomicrographs. Inspired by the excellent performance of neural networks in the image segmentation field, this study proposes a reliable coal petrography extraction method that achieves precise segmentation of coal petrography from the background regions. This method uses a novel semantic segmentation model based on Unet, referred to as M2AR-Unet. To improve the efficiency of network learning, the proposed M2AR-Unet framework takes Unet as a baseline and further optimizes the network structure in four ways, namely, an improved residual block composed of four units, a mixed attention module containing multiple attention mechanisms, an edge feature enhancement strategy, and a multiscale feature extraction module composed of a feature pyramid and atrous spatial pyramid pooling module. Compared to current state-of-the-art segmentation network models, the proposed M2AR-Unet offers improved coal petrography extraction integrity and edge extraction.
Bearing fault diagnosis using transfer learning and optimized deep belief network
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Yang Xiaoxu , Chen Baojie , Chen Huayue , Deng Wu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bearing is an important component in mechanical equipment. Its main function is to support the rotating mechanical body and reduce the friction coefficient and axial load. In the actual operating environment, the bearings are affected by complex working conditions and other factors. Therefore, it is very difficult to effectively obtain data that meets the conditions of independent and identical distribution of training data and test data, which result in unsatisfactory fault diagnosis results. As a transfer learning method, joint distribution adaptive (JDA) can effectively solve the learning problem of inconsistent distribution of training data and test data. In this paper, a new bearing fault diagnosis method based on JDA and deep belief network (DBN) with improved sparrow search algorithm (CWTSSA), namely JACADN is proposed. In the JACADN, the JDA is employed to carry out feature transfer between the source domain samples and target domain samples, that is, the source domain samples and target domain samples are mapped into the same feature space by the kernel function. Then the maximum mean difference is used as the metric to reduce the joint distribution difference between the samples in the two domains. Aiming at the parameter selection of the DBN, an improved sparrow search algorithm (CWTSSA) with global optimization ability is used to optimize the parameters of the DBN in order to construct an optimized DBN model. The obtained source domain samples and target domain samples are divided into training set and test set, which are input the optimized DBN to construct a bearing fault diagnosis model for improving the diagnosis accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by vibration data of QPZZ-II rotating machinery. The experimental results show that the proposed JACADN method can effectively improve the fault diagnosis accuracy of rolling bearings under variable operating conditions.
Fluorescent particle image velocimetry using atomized liquid particles
Authors: Acharya Adit S , Lowe K Todd , Ng Wing F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aerosolized fluorescent particles of Kiton Red 620 dye in a water/glycol fluid are generated using a Venturi-type atomizer and shown to provide effective flow seeding for fluorescent particle image velocimetry (PIV), which can mitigate the detrimental effects of laser reflections from surfaces. Ninety two percent of particles by number concentration were found to be <1 μm in diameter, an acceptable size threshold for gas-flow PIV purposes. A PIV application was conducted in a wind tunnel (freestream velocity U
∞ = 27 m s−1), using the particles for measurement of the boundary layer flow approaching a forward-facing step (approach boundary layer momentum thickness Reynolds number of

R

e

θ

=
5930
)

. Particles were generated from solutions with dye molar concentrations of

2.5
×

10

−
3

and

1.0
×

10

−
2

mol l−1, and PIV images were obtained for both elastic Mie scattering and filtered, Stokes-shifted fluorescent light. Raw images indicate that the fluorescence yield of the

1.0
×

10

−
2

mol l−1 solution provides PIV images with high contrast, even in the near-surface regions where Mie scattering image contrast is highly affected by surface reflections. Boundary layer profiles are processed in the region of adverse pressure gradient leading up to the forward-facing step, where the fluorescent PIV was found to perform comparably to the most optimized Mie scattering PIV; both approaches obtained data as near to the wall as 30 μm, or two viscous wall units in our flow of interest. These results indicate that the new seeding method holds promise for near-surface measurement applications with more complicated three-dimensional geometries, where it is impossible to arrange PIV cameras to reject surface-scattered light.
Measurement and determination of local film cooling performance along a transonic turbine blade tip with viscous dissipation
Authors: Ligrani Phillip M , Collopy Hallie , Manneschmidt Ward 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Presented are experimental and analytic procedures for the measurement and determination of film cooling performance parameters for a transonic flow environment along a turbine blade tip, which account for the influences of viscous dissipation. Such viscous dissipation magnitudes are vital to ascertain appropriate driving temperatures for convective heat transfer within high velocity, compressible environments. A key step in this procedure is the separation of adiabatic surface temperature magnitudes due to the thermal field from adiabatic surface temperature values associated with flow effects related to viscous dissipation. These latter adiabatic surface temperature magnitudes, from flow effects only, are determined with no film cooling, which, when considered relative to flow stagnation temperature, are directly related to local Mach number values within the tip gap flow along the blade tip surface. After the separation is implemented, adiabatic surface temperature variations from film cooling thermal effects only are provided relative to local baseline values with no film cooling. Resulting local adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and local heat transfer coefficients are subsequently determined which are based entirely upon locally measured temperatures (without the use of global temperature parameters), which is the most appropriate perspective for presentation of spatially-resolved surface heat transfer characteristics. Associated data are provided for the surface of a blade tip with a squealer rim and recess, with and without film cooling. An array of five film cooling holes, located along the upper pressure side of a two-dimensional turbine blade, are employed to provide the film coolant, with a local blowing ratio BR of 3.02. Ratios of tip gap to true blade span are 0.66%, and 1.16%. Experimental procedures employed to obtain the spatially-resolved surface data include infrared thermography, transient testing techniques, and the impulse response method for transient data analysis.
On-machine measurement and temperature compensation method of NURBS surface interpolation for semicircular narrow neck thickness based on ultra-precision machine tool
Authors: Jin Xin , Gao Ruilin , Li Chaojiang , Zheng Zhongpeng , Xiao Muzheng , Zuo Zhen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Flexible joint is a typical low-rigidity micro part, which has four narrow neck structures evenly distributed around its central axis. In the ultra-precision machining process, it is crucial to control the dimensional accuracy of the narrow necks to improve stiffness consistency. However, the limited space of the neck structures and the high accuracy requirements bring extremely difficulties to the measuring process. In this paper, a novel on-machine measurement method for the semicircular narrow necks was presented and a measuring device was developed based on the combination of high linearity incremental measurement method and on-machine measurement technology. Moreover, the uncertainty of measurement error was analyzed in detail. In view of the measurement error caused by temperature drift, a compensation method based on non-uniform rational B-spline surface interpolation was used to enhance the measurement accuracy. The experimental results showed that the measurement accuracy enhanced over 30% after compensation, which met the measuring requirement of flexible joint.
Electromagnetic immune phosphor-tipped fibre-optic thermometers
Authors: Lowe D H , Andersen S L , Sutton G , Camacho J I , Copeland M B , Kjeldsen H , Laursen K L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Calibration traceability can be broken where there are significant, unquantified uncertainties. Thermometry in harsh environments using electrical sensors, such as thermocouples or resistance thermometers, can be unpredictably affected by electro-magnetic sources. For this application, phosphor based temperature sensors with fibre-optic connection have been made following two different approaches—phosphor decay time changes and phosphor emission spectral changes—and tested by bombardment with high energy electrons and by measurements in large magnetic fields. Both sets of tests showed good immunity to exposure, and with magnetic field tests significantly better than a thermocouple. Phosphor thermometry therefore has potential to retain traceability in situations where conventional sensors might fail.
OsPd bimetallic dimer pushes the limit of magnetic anisotropy in atom-sized magnets for data storage
Authors: Navrátil Jan , Otyepka Michal , Błoński Piotr 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The growing gap between the volume of digital data being created and the extent of available storage capacities stimulates intensive research into surface-supported, well-ordered array of atom-sized magnets that represents the ultimate limit of magnetic data storage. Anchoring transition-metal heterodimers in vacancy defects in the graphene lattice has been identified as a vivid strategy to achieve large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) up to 80 meV with an easy axis aligned along the dimer bond. In this paper we have made a significant leap forward finding out MAE of 119 meV for an OsPt dimer and 170 meV for an OsPd dimer bound to a single nitrogen-decorated vacancy defect. The system with the highest MAE and with the theoretical storage density of ∼490 Tb·inch−2 pushes the current limit of theoretical blocking temperature in graphene-supported transition-metal dimers from ∼20 to ∼44 K assuming the relaxation time of 10 years. The mechanism of the enhanced MAE is discussed.
The simulation of ELMs mitigation by pedestal coherent mode in EAST using BOUT++
Authors: Li Y.L. , Xia T.Y. , Zou X.L. , Zhou C. , Zhang X.J. , Zhu Y.R. , Tang T.F. , Mao S.F. , Gui B. , Huang Y.Q. , Hu G.H. , Ye M.Y. , the EAST Team  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A general phenomenon that the edge localized modes (ELMs) can be effectively mitigated with the enhanced coherent modes (CMs) has been observed on EAST. For this phenomenon, the experimental statistical analysis and electromagnetic (EM) simulations have been performed. There is a threshold value of the CM intensity in the experiments, which plays a key role in ELMs mitigation. Through the ELITE and conventional BOUT++ analysis, we found that when the insignificant ELM and enhanced CM co-exist, the pedestal is located in unstable P–B region and the ELM is relatively large. The simulation results only using the experimental profiles without considering other factors cannot reproduce the no significant ELM experiment. The CM enhances the edge turbulence, which can control ELMs. Therefore, the effects of CM are considered to explain the ELM mitigation. Modifying the three-field reduced model in BOUT++, an imposed perturbation is added as the CM. The simulation results indicate that: without the CM, the ELM size belongs to the relative large ELM region; after considering the CM, the ELM is mitigated and the energy loss is reduced by about 44.5%. Analysis shows that the CM enhances the three-wave nonlinear interactions in the pedestal and reduces the phase coherence time (PCT) between the pressure and potential, which lead the perturbation to tend to be ‘multiple-mode’ coupling. The competition of free energy between the multiple modes leads to the lack of obvious filament structures and the decreased energy loss. The above reveals that there is a competitive relationship between turbulence and ELMs, and the CM-enhanced turbulence can effectively reduce ELM energy loss. In addition, through the parameter scanning, there is a threshold of the amplitude A, which is consistent with the statistical results in the experiments.
ARC reactor neutronics multi-code validation*
Authors: Bae Jin Whan , Peterson Ethan , Shimwell Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The affordable, robust, compact (ARC) reactor is a tokamak fusion reactor concept currently under development by Commonwealth Fusion Systems and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. There are three important neutronics considerations for the operation of the ARC reactor: (1) breeding of enough tritium in the blanket to sustain the D–T reaction in the plasma; (2) ensuring low fluence on the superconducting toroidal field coils; and (3) assessing neutron volumetric heating in structural components. This work aims to perform a validation of the neutronics analysis approach by code-to-code comparison. State-of-the-art software stacks are employed for the neutronics analysis of the ARC reactor, and a computer-aided design (CAD) model is used directly for Monte Carlo (MC) neutron transport calculations. Three software stacks, Attila-MCNP, OpenMC-DAGMC, and Shift-DAGMC, are used to perform neutronic analyses of a 90° sector CAD model of the ARC reactor. Results show that the flux tallies calculated by the three software stacks are very close. Also, the volumetric heating and tritium breeding values have less than 0.6% relative difference between codes.
Bio-inspired zonal-structured matrices for bone-cartilage interface engineering
Authors: Golebiowska Aleksandra A , Nukavarapu Syam P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Design and development of scaffold structures for osteochondral (OC) interface regeneration is a significant engineering challenge. Recent efforts are aimed at recapitulating the unique compositional and hierarchical structure of an OC interface. Conventional scaffold fabrication techniques often have limited design control and reproducibility, and the development of OC scaffolds with zonal hierarchy and structural integrity between zones is especially challenging. In this study, a series of multi-zonal and gradient structures were designed and fabricated using three-dimensional bioprinting. We developed OC scaffolds with bi-phasic and tri-phasic configurations to support the zonal structure of OC tissue, and gradient scaffold configurations to enable smooth transitions between the zones to more closely mimic a bone-cartilage interface. A biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid, was used for the fabrication of zonal/gradient scaffolds to provide mechanical strength and support OC function. The formation of the multi-zonal and gradient scaffolds was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy imaging and micro-computed tomography scanning. Precisely controlled hierarchy with tunable porosity along the scaffold length established the formation of the bio-inspired scaffolds with different zones/gradient structure. In addition, we also developed a novel bioprinting method to selectively introduce cells into desired scaffold zones of the zonal/gradient scaffolds via concurrent printing of a cell-laden hydrogel within the porous template. Live/dead staining of the cell-laden hydrogel introduced in the cartilage zone showed uniform cell distribution with high cell viability. Overall, our study developed bio-inspired scaffold structures with structural hierarchy and mechanical integrity for bone-cartilage interface engineering.
Spatial consumption-based carbon footprints: two definitions, two different outcomes
Authors: Heinonen Jukka , Ottelin Juudit , Guddisardottir Anna Katrin , Junnila Seppo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The spatial consumption-based assessment tradition is already 30 years old. However, while all the well over 100 studies in this field over the past 30 years have been published under the same consumption-based carbon footprint label, the studies actually fall into two main categories, which have substantial differences between them, by definition in what they include, and how they allocate the emissions. The first utilizes the territory principle and the other the residence principle, meaning that it is partly different consumption activities that are included in the two. The territory principle means that consumption activities are included based on where consumption takes place regardless of who the consumers are, whereas the residence principle means that all consumption of the residents is included regardless of where they consume. Overall, the two lead to potentially very different estimates, and fit to different study situations. So far, this important issue has gone without much attention. In this paper we provide in-depth discussion, through a theoretic example, on how the scopes and the allocation principles vary between the two approaches, and on how the approach choice affects the outcome of an assessment. The provided discussion shows how profoundly different the two approaches can be, and emphasizes the importance of being clear in communicating the allocation principle in every spatial consumption-based study. One approach is not superior to another, but instead they show different perspectives, and the practitioner should carefully select the approach with a better fit with the aim of the study in question.
Solar power harvesting with metal modified windshield glass to obtain hot water
Authors: Mangas Esteban , Cardillo Evangelina C , Frechero Marisa A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Energy solar harvesting through low environmental impact resources is an underlying objective for future technological developments. In this work, an innovative design of a vitro-metallic composite material is developed with Cu0, Zn0 and ZnO microparticles dispersed in a glass-ceramic matrix. The uppermost feature of these materials is that they are made of the reused of vehicle windshield glass disposed. The vitreous composite performance is evaluated in different seasons and under diverse weather conditions. The energy absorption is analyzed from the results of the UV–vis spectra and SEM images of the different composites. In this work it is demonstrated that the studied material has a good performance even in low temperature regions, reaching an efficiency between 30 to 50 [KJ/ KgH2O] with a 0.3% wt of metal-modified glass-ceramic material in water. The material response was analyzed through the composite material UV–vis spectrum. The new glass-ceramic materials are efficient in the process of heating water without the need of expensive devices or other forms of energy applications.
Communicating Branches of the Facial Nerve: Descriptions and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Freed Blair , Coker Charles , Steele Robert , Marolt Clayton , Motzko Micaela , Creamer Bradley A , Dennis Jennifer F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Major branching patterns of the facial nerve have been extensively studied because damage to branches of the nerve is associated with complications ranging from weakness to paralysis. However, communicating branches of the facial nerve have received far less attention despite being hypothesized as a means of motor recovery following facial nerve injury.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency of communicating branches of the facial nerve to provide clarity on their anatomy and clinical correlations.

Methods
Bilateral facial dissections were completed on cadaveric donors (n = 20) to characterize the frequency and location of communicating branches across terminal branches of the facial nerve. Statistical analyses were employed to analyze differences between the location of communications by side and whether the communicating branches were more likely to occur on the left or right side (P &lt; 0.05).

Results
Communicating branches were identified among all terminal branches of the facial nerve and their frequencies reported. The highest frequencies of communicating branches were identified between the buccal-to-marginal mandibular and zygomatic-to-buccal branches, at 67.5% (27 comm/40 hemifaces). The second highest frequency was identified between the temporal-to-zygomatic branches in 62.5% (25/40) of donors. The marginal mandibular-to-cervical branches had communicating branches at a frequency of 55% (22/40). Location or sidedness of communicating branches did not significantly differ.

Conclusions
Our characterization more accurately defines generalizable areas in which communicating branches are located. These locations of branches, described in relation to nearby landmarks, are fundamental for clinical and surgical settings to improve procedural awareness.
Taxine alkaloid poisoning successfully supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report
Authors: Ward Catherine , Meeks Daveena , Trimlett Richard , Alçada Joana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Ingestion of the berries of the European yew tree can result in fatal cardiac arrhythmias.

Case summary
A 53-year-old female presented to our emergency department following ingestion of ∼200 European yew tree berries. At presentation, she was in cardiogenic shock due to a mixture of tachy- and bradyarrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response and prolonged ventricular conduction, and periods of asystole. She was referred to a specialist cardiac centre and promptly established on mechanical circulatory support with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) by a retrieval team. Following resolution of her arrhythmias, she was weaned from V-A ECMO after 4 days of support and was discharged home with full neurological recovery on Day 12.

Discussion
Poisoning can lead to acute reversible but potentially fatal cardiogenic shock. We believe that access to prompt initiation of V-A ECMO was key to this patient’s survival.