bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Heart Anoxia and Reperfusion Tissue (HEART) Model for the Rapid Study of Exosome Bound miRNA Expression As Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ellis Bradley W. , Ronan George , Ren Xiang , Bahcecioglu Gokhan , Senapati Satyajyoti , Anderson David , Handberg Eileen , March Keith L. , Chang Hsueh‐Chia , Zorlutuna Pinar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrent biomarkers for myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis are typically late markers released upon cell death, incapable of distinguishing between ischemic and reperfusion injury and can be symptoms of other pathologies. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been proposed as alternative biomarkers for MI diagnosis; however, detecting the changes in the human cardiac miRNA profile during MI is extremely difficult. Here, to study the changes in miRNA levels during acute MI, a heart‐on‐chip model with a cardiac channel, containing human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes in human heart decellularized matrix and collagen, and a vascular channel, containing hiPSC‐derived endothelial cells, is developed. This model is exposed to anoxia followed by normoxia to mimic ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. Using a highly sensitive miRNA biosensor that the authors developed, the exact same increase in miR‐1, miR‐208b, and miR‐499 levels in the MI‐on‐chip and the time‐matched human blood plasma samples collected before and after ischemia and reperfusion, is shown. That the surface marker profile of exosomes in the engineered model changes in response to ischemic and reperfusion injury, which can be used as biomarkers to detect MI, is also shown. Hence, the MI‐on‐chip model developed here can be used in biomarker discovery.
Exposure to traffic‐related fine particulate matter 2.5 causes respiratory damage via peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma‐regulated inflammation
Authors: Gong Xiaolei , Zhu Limin , Liu Jinlong , Li Chunxiang , Xu Zhuoming , Liu Jinfen , Zhang Haibo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) potentially triggers airway inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been reported to regulate inflammatory responses in diverse cell types. Therefore, this work investigated the mechanisms of PPARγ in regulating traffic‐related PM2.5‐induced airway inflammation. Using the diffusion flame burner soot generation, traffic‐related PM2.5 was generated and adsorbed. BALB/c male mice and human bronchial epithelial cells (16‐HBE) were exposed to PM2.5 alone or co‐treatment with rosiglitazone (RSG), an agonist of PPARγ. To the end of exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), venous blood and arterial blood, trachea, bronchus and lung tissues were collected. The levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17 were detected by ELISA, and the cell types in BALF were counted. Hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) assay were used to analyze the pathological conditions of lung, bronchus, and pulmonary artery. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, and PPARγ expression in lung and bronchus was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Western Blot was used to detect PPARγ, NF‐kB, AP‐1 and STAT3 expression in lung and bronchus. The viability was detected by MTT method. PM2.5 exposure caused pathological damage to the lung, bronchus and pulmonary artery tissue, which induced apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. PM2.5 exposure caused local inflammation of the whole body and airway. PPARγ expression increased after PM2.5 exposure. PM2.5 exposure regulated the downstream signaling pathways to affect the inflammatory response through PPARγ. Exposure to traffic‐related PM2.5 caused respiratory damage via PPARγ‐regulated inflammation.
Nephroprotective role of Echinacea purpurea against potassium dichromate‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats
Authors: Karhib Mustafa M. , El‐Sayed Raghda A. , Ghanem Nora F. , El‐Demerdash Fatma M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], is widely recognized as a potential nephrotoxic in humans and animals. Its toxicity is associated with the overproduction of free radicals, which induces oxidative damage. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is an herbaceous perennial plant rich in phenolic components and frequently used for its medicinal benefits. The current work evaluated the effectiveness of E. purpurea (EP) against oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by potassium dichromate in male rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, E. purpurea (EP; 50 mg/kg; once daily for 3 weeks), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI); 15 mg/kg; single intraperitoneal dose), and EP + Cr(VI) where rats were pretreated with EP for 3 weeks before receiving CrVI, respectively. Results revealed that rats exposed to Cr(VI) showed a significant increase in PC, TBARS, and H2O2, kidney function biomarkers (Urea, creatinine, and uric acid), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), TNF‐α, IL‐18, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and IGF‐1 (Insulin‐like growth factor‐1) levels as well as a considerable decline in metallothionein (MT), glutathione (GSH) content, enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and protein content. Cr(VI) induced apoptosis in kidney tissues as revealed by upregulation of Bax and caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl‐2. Furthermore, EP treatment ameliorated the Cr(VI)‐induced histopathological and ultrastructure variations of kidney tissue, which was confirmed by the biochemical and molecular data. It is clear from the results of this study that EP exerts nephroprotective effects by improving the redox state, suppressing inflammatory reaction and cell apoptosis as well as ameliorating the performance of kidney tissue architecture, which is eventually reflected by the improvement of kidney function in rats.
Ectopic parathyroid hyperplasia in a dog
Authors: Christie Sarah , Gunstra Amber L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old, female, spayed Siberian husky was presented for further evaluation based on biochemical analysis confirming primary hyperparathyroidism. Initial ultrasound evaluation confirmed a mass associated with the right external parathyroid gland. A parathyroidectomy of the left and right external glands was performed and histopathology confirmed hyperplasia. The hypercalcaemia persisted postoperatively despite removal of two hyperplastic parathyroid glands. Computed tomography with contrast was performed 5 weeks postoperative and identified a small nodule caudodorsal and lateral to the right thyroid lobe. Cervical exploratory surgery was performed and the nodule was excised; histopathology confirmed hyperplasia with a Kursteiner cyst, indicating an ectopic parathyroid gland. The patient became hypocalcaemic postoperatively and was subsequently managed with calcitriol and calcium carbonate. The patient has been slowly tapered off the calcium supplementation.
Use of Refractory‐Volatile Element Deep Eutectic Regions to Grow Single Crystalline Intermetallic Compounds
Authors: Slade Tyler J. , Canfield Paul C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCompounds containing both refractory and volatile elements present a unique challenge for crystal growth, given the conflicting realities of high melting temperatures and high vapor pressures. Nevertheless, the discovery of superconductivity in FeAs and FeSe based materials and a Weyl semimetal state in TaP are motivations to explore compounds containing such pairs. Here, we discuss use of the low‐melting single phase liquid regions above deep M‐X eutectics (M=transition metal, X=P, S) as the basis for high temperature solutions for growing intermetallic compounds containing volatile‐refractory pairs. We show that Ni‐P, Pd‐P, Pt‐P, and Pd‐S compositions form single phase melts at moderate temperatures below 1000 °C and with minimal vapor pressure. We first present the simple case of growing Ni2P from Ni‐P and next discuss the more complicated growth of RPd3S4 (R=La, Ce, Nd, Eu) from a Pd‐S melt. We show how frit‐disc alumina crucible sets allow for contamination‐free capture of decanted liquid and its reuse in subsequent experiments, demonstrating a fractionation of the CePd3S4 growth to determine the optimal conditions for crystal growth. We conclude by using the single phase liquid regions above the Pt‐P and Pd‐P eutectics to grow single crystals of MPt5P (M=Mn, Fe) and MnPd5P. As these materials have primarily been studied in polycrystalline form, we give an overview of the magnetic and transport properties of our single crystals. The examples outlined here illustrate the utility of using the single phase liquid above deep metal‐X eutectics for solution growth and materials discovery.
Introduction
Authors: Kravchenko Zhanna , Kings Lisa , Jezierska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the conceptual framework of resourcefulness that brings together the contributions to this volume; it also establishes Poland, Russia, and Sweden as particularly relevant cases for understanding transformation in the relationships between civil society, the state, and the market. Here, we explore the organizational realities of civil societies in the three countries and their shared history of a strong state. We posit resources as a contrast medium, allowing us to distinguish between different types of resourcefulness in civil society organizations’ responses to various pressures. Finally, the overall thematic structure of this book and each of its contributions are highlighted.
Epilogue: Relational Resource Constellations
Authors: Papakostas Apostolis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHighlighting several theoretical and empirical contributions of the preceding chapters, the epilogue presents a relational typology for understanding the roles of different types of resources for civil society organizations. This chapter explores variations in the generalizability/specificity and convertibility of economic, symbolic, and human resources and suggests approaching civil society as a landscape of organizations that coexist but have different origins, futures, and interdependencies. The constellations of relationships among organizations and between organizations and their environments are hierarchical and dynamic. They are constantly shifting, closing, and opening spaces that a broad variety of organizational forms and missions can inhabit.
Domestic Funding for Civil Society in a Non-Democratic Context: The Example of the Presidential Grants in Russia
Authors: Skokova Yulia , Fröhlich Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the nature of governmental support of civil society in a non-democratic context, taking the example of Russia. Russian civil society organizations exist in dual realities when the state sets up a structure of supporting measures but at the same time limits the scope of their activity. While limiting measures and their effects on Russian civil society have been well analyzed, this chapter considers the issue of how state support for civil society actors actually shapes the sector and contributes to regime legitimacy. We argue that governmental support for civil society organizations in non-democratic regimes not only bolsters the state’s welfare function but also attempts to intertwine non-governmental welfare provision with elements of a state-led legitimation discourse.
Humane Resources? The People Behind Polish Civil Society Organizations
Authors: Chimiak Galia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter maps the transformation of human resources in Polish institutionalized civil society over the last thirty years. Informed by the supply-side perspective, according to which individuals’ motivations and backgrounds provide the major explanatory variable accounting for the establishment and running of civil society organizations, it focuses on individuals who have demonstrated a commitment to working in civil society rather than on a particular type of organizing. More specifically, the study analyzes cases of Polish domestic and global civic engagement—from the Solidarity movement in the late 1980s to contemporary foreign aid initiatives—in order to determine the factors contributing to the seemingly mutually exclusive trends of internationalization and localization of civic activism in Poland.
Crystal melting, BPS quivers and plethystics
Authors: Bao Jiakang , He Yang-Hui , Zahabi Ali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the refined and unrefined crystal/BPS partition functions of D6-D2-D0 brane bound states for all toric Calabi-Yau threefolds without compact 4-cycles and some non-toric examples. They can be written as products of (generalized) MacMahon functions. We check our expressions and use them as vacuum characters to study the gluings. We then consider the wall crossings and discuss possible crystal descriptions for different chambers. We also express the partition functions in terms of plethystic exponentials. For ℂ3 and tripled affine quivers, we find their connections to nilpotent Kac polynomials. Similarly, the partition functions of D4-D2-D0 brane bound states can be obtained by replacing the (generalized) MacMahon functions with the inverse of (generalized) Euler functions.
Analytic long-lived modes in charged critical plasma
Authors: Gürsoy Umut , Järvinen Matti , Policastro Giuseppe , Zinnato Natale 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFluctuations around critical behavior of a holographic charged plasma are investigated by studying quasi-normal modes of the corresponding black branes in 5D Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton gravity. The near horizon geometry of black branes approaches the well-known 2D charged string black hole in the critical limit, for which a world-sheet description is available, and the corresponding quasi-normal modes can be obtained analytically from the reflection amplitude of the 2D black hole geometry. We find two distinct set of modes: a purely imaginary “decoupled” set, directly following from the reflection amplitude, and a “non-decoupled” set that was already identified in the neutral holographic plasma in [1]. In the extremal limit, the former set of imaginary quasi-normal modes coalesce on a branch cut starting from the origin, signaling breakdown of hydrodynamic approximation. We further complete the black brane geometry with a slice of AdS near the boundary, to allow for a holographic construction, and find another set of modes localized in the UV. Finally, we develop an alternative WKB method to obtain the quasi-normal modes in the critical limit and apply this method to study the spectrum of hyperscaling-violating Lifshitz black branes. The critical limit of the plasma we consider in this paper is in one-to-one correspondence with the large D limit of Einstein’s gravity which allows for an alternative interesting interpretation of our findings.
The chiral Gross-Neveu model on the lattice via a Landau-forbidden phase transition
Authors: Roose Gertian , Haegeman Jutho , Van Acoleyen Karel , Vanderstraeten Laurens , Bultinck Nick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the phase diagram of the (1 + 1)-dimensional Gross-Neveu model with both $$ {g}_x^2{\left(\overline{\psi}\psi \right)}^2 $$

g
x
2

ψ
¯

ψ

2

and $$ {g}_y^2{\left(\overline{\psi}i{\gamma}_5\psi \right)}^2 $$

g
y
2

ψ
¯

i

γ
5

ψ

2

interaction terms on a spatial lattice. The continuous chiral symmetry, which is present in the continuum model when $$ {g}_x^2={g}_y^2 $$

g
x
2

=

g
y
2

, has a mixed ’t Hooft anomaly with the charge conservation symmetry, which guarantees the existence of a massless mode. However, the same ’t Hooft anomaly also implies that the continuous chiral symmetry is broken explicitly in our lattice model. Nevertheless, from numerical matrix product state simulations we find that for certain parameters of the lattice model, the continuous chiral symmetry reemerges in the infrared fixed point theory, even at strong coupling. We argue that, in order to understand this phenomenon, it is crucial to go beyond mean-field theory (or, equivalently, beyond the leading order term in a 1/N expansion). Interestingly, on the lattice, the chiral Gross-Neveu model appears at a Landau-forbidden second order phase transition separating two distinct and unrelated symmetry-breaking orders. We point out the crucial role of two different ’t Hooft anomalies or Lieb-Schultz-Mattis obstructions for this Landau-forbidden phase transition to occur.
NS-NS spacetimes from amplitudes
Authors: Monteiro Ricardo , Nagy Silvia , O’Connell Donal , Veiga David Peinador , Sergola Matteo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent work has shown how on-shell three-point amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity, representing the coupling to massive particles, correspond in the classical limit to the curvature spinors of linearised solutions. This connection, made explicit via the KMOC formalism in split metric signature, turns the double copy of scattering amplitudes into the double copy of classical solutions. Here, we extend this framework to the universal massless sector of supergravity, which is the complete double copy of pure gauge theory. Our extension relies on a Riemann-Cartan curvature incorporating the dilaton and the B-field. In this setting, we can determine the most general double copy arising from the product of distinct gauge theory solutions, say a dyon and $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{Kerr}} $$

Kerr

. This gives a double-copy interpretation to gravity solutions of the type Kerr-Taub-NUT-dilaton-axion. We also discuss the extension to heterotic gravity. Finally, we describe how this formalism for the classical double copy relates to others in the literature, namely (i) why it is an on-shell momentum space analogue of the convolutional prescription, and (ii) why a straightforward prescription in position space is possible for certain vacuum solutions.
Strong cosmic censorship conjecture for a charged BTZ black hole
Authors: Singha Chiranjeeb , Chakraborty Sumanta , Dadhich Naresh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe strong cosmic censorship conjecture, whose validation asserts the deterministic nature of general relativity, has been studied for charged BTZ black holes in three dimensional general relativity, as well as for Nth order pure Lovelock gravity in d=2N+1 spacetime dimensions. Through both analytical and numerical routes, we have computed the ratio of the imaginary part of the quasi-normal mode frequencies with the surface gravity at the Cauchy horizon. The lowest of which corresponds to the key parameter associated with violation of strong cosmic censorship conjecture. Our results demonstrate that this parameter is always less than the critical value (1/2), thereby respecting the strong cosmic censorship conjecture. This is in complete contrast to the four or, higher dimensional black holes, as well as for rotating BTZ black hole, where the violation of strong cosmic censorship conjecture exists. Implications and possible connection with the stability of the photon orbits have been discussed.
Prognostischer und differenzialdiagnostischer Stellenwert der Liquordiagnostik bei neurodegenerativen Demenzerkrankungen
Authors: Haußmann R. , Homeyer P. , Brandt M. D. , Donix M. 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Liquordiagnostik im Rahmen von Demenzerkrankungen ist trotz neuer diagnostischer Möglichkeiten im Bereich der PET(Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie)-Bildgebung weiterhin von hoher klinischer Relevanz. Insbesondere für die Alzheimer-Erkrankung existieren validierte Biomarker, die die Diagnose untermauern und bei der diagnostischen Abgrenzung anderer Demenzätiologien hilfreich sein können. Während unauffällige Liquorbefunde mit negativen Demenz- und Destruktionsmarkern die überwiegende Mehrzahl neurodegenerativer Demenzursachen mit hoher diagnostischer Sicherheit ausschließen, stellen in der klinischen Praxis vor allem überlappende Biomarkerprofile bei primär neurodegenerativen Demenzursachen ein substanzielles Problem bei der Befundinterpretation dar. Deshalb bedarf die Liquorbefundinterpretation stets einer kontextualisierten Betrachtung unter Würdigung der klinischen Symptomatik und Verlaufscharakteristika des entsprechenden demenziellen Syndroms. Außerdem stellen auch Mischbefunde eine häufige diagnostische Herausforderung dar, für deren Interpretation es profunder Kenntnisse im Bereich von Präanalytik, möglicher Liquorbefundkonstellationen und natürlich der verschiedenen in Betracht kommenden Demenzätiologien bedarf. Auch Liquorbiomarker für Synukleinopathien, Tauopathien sowie TDP43(Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa)-Proteinopathien sind Gegenstand aktueller Untersuchungen, wenngleich diese noch nicht den Weg in die klinische Routinediagnostik gefunden haben.
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie der nichtorganischen Insomnie
Authors: Deutsch-Lang Sarah , Valeske Isabel , Kuchling Maria , Hulle-Wegl Petra , Stepansky Robert , Lang Wilfried 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Schlaflabor der neurologischen Abteilung des Krankenhauses der Barmherzigen Brüder Wien erhalten alle Patient*innen mit der Diagnose „nichtorganische Insomnie“ (F51.0) prospektiv das Angebot einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie. Im Jahr 2021 nahmen 38 Personen am Therapieprogramm teil, 5 Personen brachen die Therapie ab, 4 Personen standen für eine Nachuntersuchung nicht zur Verfügung. Von den verbliebenen 29 Personen (55,17 %) erreichten 16 das primäre Therapieziel, die Beseitigung der insomnischen Beschwerden bzw. eine klinisch relevante Abnahme der Ausprägung der Symptomatik, bemessen nach dem Insomnia Severity Index. Diese „Responder“ zeigten auch eine Abnahme der „Depressivität“ (Beck-Depressions-Index) und eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität (psychische Komponente des SF-36; Short Form-36). Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie verbesserte die Schlafeffizienz, bewirkte ein kognitives Umstrukturieren dysfunktionaler Einstellungen zum Schlaf („Meinungen-zum-Schlaf-Fragebogen“) und reduzierte Mechanismen des konditionierten „Hyperarousal“ vor dem Einschlafen.
Occurrence of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) and killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Icelandic coastal waters and their interspecific interactions
Authors: Selbmann Anna , Basran Charla J. , Bertulli Chiara G. , Hudson Tess , Mrusczok Marie-Thérèse , Rasmussen Marianne H. , Rempel Jonathan N. , Scott Judith , Svavarsson Jörundur , Wensveen Paul J. , Whittaker Megan , Samarra Filipa I. P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLong-finned pilot whales and killer whales are widely distributed across the North Atlantic, but few studies have reported their occurrence in Icelandic coastal waters. Here, we use sightings data from research platforms and whale watching tours in six regions of Iceland from 2007 to 2020 to show that the occurrence of long-finned pilot and killer whales varied with region and season. Killer whales were regularly encountered in the south of Iceland during summer and west of Iceland during winter/spring. Long-finned pilot whales were only seen during the summer and were most often encountered in the south, west, and northwest of Iceland. Long-finned pilot whale occurrence in the south of Iceland appeared to increase during the study period but killer whale occurrence showed no noticeable changes. Long-finned pilot whales were sighted often in the areas that were also frequented by killer whales and interspecific interactions were commonly observed when both species co-occurred. Interactions appeared to be antagonistic, with killer whales often avoiding long-finned pilot whales and sometimes fleeing at high speed, similar to what has been described elsewhere in the North Atlantic. In the majority of interactions observed (68%), killer whales avoided long-finned pilot whales by moving away, but in 28% avoidance was at high speed with both species porpoising. This variability in the type of behavioural responses indicates that interactions may be more complex than previously described. We discuss regional trends in long-finned pilot whale and killer whale sightings and potential drivers of the observed interactions.