bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Study of E-Cigarette, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use Sequence in Youth
Authors: Westling Erika , Rusby Julie C. , Crowley Ryann , Light John M. 
Published: May 2022

Objective There is evidence linking youth use of electronic (e-) cigarettes to subsequent cigarette and marijuana use, raising public health concerns. We examined the sequence of use of e-cigarettes, conventional cigarettes, and marijuana in a longitudinal sample of adolescents, to determine if use of e-cigarettes often preceded use of other substances. Methods We collected self-reports from 1123 Oregon adolescents (52% female; 37% Hispanic) longitudinally from 8th to 11th grade (8 total surveys) regarding their lifetime (ever use) and current use (last 30 days) of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and marijuana. If applicable, students also reported the delivery method of their current marijuana use. Results Almost 10% of adolescents reported using e-cigarettes prior to use of cigarettes or marijuana, and the majority of these youth initiated use of marijuana, cigarettes, or both by 11th grade. More youth transitioned from e-cigarette use to marijuana use then from e-cigarettes to use of conventional cigarettes. Participants who were co-using e-cigarettes and marijuana in 11th grade had an increased likelihood of consuming marijuana via vaping, dabbing, and edibles, compared to those who were only using marijuana. Discussion E-cigarettes were often the first substance used in this longitudinal sample, and more of these youth subsequently used marijuana compared to cigarettes. While research has focused on the progression from e-cigarettes to cigarettes in youth, these findings indicate that more attention should be focused on the subsequent initiation of marijuana.
The clinical spectrum of haemorrhagic CNS inflammatory demyelinating lesions
Authors: Hardy Todd A , Guo Yong , Flanagan Eoin P , Lucchinetti Claudia F , Tobin W Oliver 
Published: May 2022

Background: Haemorrhagic demyelinating lesions are rare, and little is known about the demyelinating diseases with which they are associated, or how lesional haemorrhage affects treatment and outcomes. Objective: To examine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with demyelinating lesions and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of haemorrhage seen at the Mayo clinic between 1990 and 2018. Methods: The Mayo Clinic’s medical-record diagnostic-linkage system was used to identify patients with CNS demyelinating disease and parenchymal haemorrhage on brain MRI cross-referenced against a database of patients with pathologically confirmed CNS demyelinating disease. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, MRI findings, brain histopathology, and outcomes of these patients were reviewed. Results: Ten patients with haemorrhagic demyelination were identified, including three patients who underwent a brain biopsy. The main findings were that haemorrhagic demyelinating lesions most often occur in atypical forms of demyelination, especially acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL, or Weston–Hurst disease) and tumefactive demyelination, and rarely in multiple sclerosis. A spectrum of outcomes was observed for these patients ranging from complete remission through to high level disability. Conclusion: Lesional haemorrhage is uncommon in demyelinating disease where it is most closely associated with AHL. Bleeding within a demyelinating lesion does not always herald a poor prognosis.
Telehealth utilisation in residential aged care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study in Australian general practice
Authors: Dai Zhaoli , Sezgin Gorkem , Li Julie , Franco Guilherme S , McGuire Precious , Datta Shirmilla , Pearce Christopher , McLeod Adam , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Our earlier analysis during the COVID-19 surges in 2020 showed a reduction in general practitioner (GP) in-person visits to residential aged care facilities (RACFs) and increased use of telehealth. This study assessed how sociodemographic characteristics affected telehealth utilisation. Methods This retrospective cohort consists of 27,980 RACF residents aged 65 years and over, identified from general practice electronic health records in Victoria and New South Wales during March 2020-August 2021. Residents’ demographic characteristics, including age, sex, region, and pension status, were analysed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations with telehealth utilisation (telephone/video vs. in-person consultations) and with video versus telephone consultations, in mixed-effects multiple level regression models. Results Of 32,330 median monthly GP consultations among 21,987 residents identified in 2020, telehealth visits accounted for 17% of GP consultations, of which 93% were telephone consults. In 2021, of 32,229 median monthly GP consultations among 22,712 residents, telehealth visits accounted for 11% of GP consultations (97% by telephone). Pension holders (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.17) and those residing in rural areas (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.57, 1.90) were more likely to use telehealth. However, residents in rural areas were less likely to use video than telephone in GP consultations (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.57). Results were similar in separate analyses for each COVID surge. Discussion Telephone was primarily used in telehealth consultations among pension holders and rural residents in RACFs. Along with the limited use of video in virtual care in rural RACFs, the digital divide may imply potential healthcare disparities in socially disadvantaged patients.
The effectiveness of telerehabilitation-based structured exercise therapy for chronic nonspecific neck pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Özel Merve , Kaya Ciddi Pınar 
Published: May 2022

Introduction The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of telerehabilitation-based remote supervised or unsupervised structured exercise therapy on pain, disability, and quality of life related to chronic nonspecific neck pain. Method The study was designed as a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Sixty-six eligible chronic nonspecific neck pain patients were randomized across three groups: remote supervised group (RSG, n = 22), unsupervised group (UG, n = 22), and waitlist control group (CG, n = 22). Progressive structured exercise therapy program was delivered weekly to patients in remote supervised group and unsupervised group to perform four days a week for four weeks. Remote supervised group was supervised by videoconference and text message. Pain, disability, and quality of life of participants were assessed at baseline, week 2, and post-therapy. Results Post-therapy pain and disability total change scores were −3.64 (95% CI −4.85 to −2.42) and −7.27 (95% CI −11.05 to −3.50) for remote supervised group compared with a change of −2.44 (95% CI −3.46 to −1.43) and −5.77 (95% CI −8.54 to −3.01) for unsupervised group, respectively. Post-therapy, quality of life improvements were greater for remote supervised group than unsupervised group overall (general health; remote supervised group: 19.01 (95% CI 6.86 to 31.16), unsupervised group: 12.50 (95% CI 4.79 to 20.21), and physical health; remote supervised group: 18.35 (95% CI 10.35 to 26.35), unsupervised group: 7.31 (95% CI 0.01 to 14.60)). Significant improvements in psychological health and environment-telerehabilitation for remote supervised group were not seen for unsupervised group and outcomes differences did not reach significance for control group ( p > 0.05) post-therapy, except environment-telerehabilitation. Discussion Structured exercise therapy can improve chronic nonspecific neck pain outcomes when remotely supervised or unsupervised. Structured exercise therapy content and frequent communication are important for remote chronic nonspecific neck pain management.
Service user engagement by ethnicity groups at a children’s gender identity service in the UK
Authors: Manjra Ilham I , Russell Ian , Maninger Johanna K , Masic Una 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Gender service utilisation according to ethnicity is largely under-researched. The present research looked at demographics and service user-engagement according to ethnicity of young people accessing a gender service for children. Method A total of 2063 ( M = 14.19 years, SD = 2.59, assigned male = 556, 1495 assigned female = 1495, no-specification=12) referrals were included in the analysis. Self-defined ethnicity in financial years (FY) 2016–2017, 2018–2019, and referrer-defined ethnicity in FY 2020–2021 were compared between years, to the national UK-population, and child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) averages. Numbers of offered, attended and non-attended appointments were compared across the White and the ethnic minority population (EMP). Results Across years 93.35% young people identified as White (higher than the CAMHS and national population averages); 6.65% as EMP. Service utilisation was similar in FY 2016–2017. In FY 2018–2019, the EMP subgroup was offered and attended more appointments compared to the White subgroup, ‘did not attended’ average was similar. Conclusions The majority of young people self-identified with a White ethnic-background. Service engagement was comparable between the EMP and White ethnicity subgroups in 2016–2017, while the EMP group was offered and attended more appointments in 2018–2019. Due to the low EMP group numbers, findings need to be interpreted with caution.
A spatiotemporal passenger distribution model for airport terminal energy simulation
Authors: Gu Xianliang , Xie Jingchao , Huang Chengyang , Liu Jiaping 
Published: May 2022

Airport terminals provide a safe, convenient and comfortable environment for passengers. Over 50% of energy in terminals was consumed by the HVAC system. The number of passengers and their constant flow distribution in the airport is an important consideration from the operational perspective to influence the energy consumption. This paper proposed a spatiotemporal passenger distribution model. In this model, a terminal was divided into 13 different zones along the departure or arrival process, and the passenger variation for each day was described for each zone. Over a year, 12 monthly average passenger flow values were adopted instead of the peak hour passenger flow to represent the yearly passenger flow distribution. The model was validated by the operation data of the Nanning Airport and compared the data against the validated people movement model of passengers’ flow profile in each zone and occupant densities. The model was then input into an energy simulation software to verify the impact of the passenger flow on energy consumption. Based on the spatiotemporal passenger distribution model, the annual cooling consumption could be reduced by 17.14% compared to results based on the traditional passenger flow calculation method which has a simple assumption of daily constant passenger flow.
Effect of mini-implant facilitated micro-osteoperforations on the alignment of mandibular anterior crowding: A randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Al-Attar Ali , Nissan Layth , Almuzian Mohammed , Abid Mushriq 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To assess the effects of mini-implant assisted micro-osteoperforations (MI-MOPs) in the alignment of mandibular anterior teeth, and to explore the intervention’s associated pain perception (PP) and root resorption (RR) in adults treated by fixed appliance. Design: Multicentre, two-arm and single-blinded randomised clinical trial. Setting: College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. Participants: Adolescents (mean age = 18.97 years) undergoing non-extraction orthodontic therapy for the management of mandibular anterior crowding. Methods: A total of 33 participants (mean age = 18.97 years) undergoing non-extraction orthodontic therapy for the management of moderate mandibular anterior crowding were allocated to the experimental (MI-MOPs, n = 17) or control groups (non-MI-MOPs, n = 16). A series of lower study models were obtained at week 4 (T1), week 8 (T2) and week 12 (T3) in the MI-MOPs group and continued to week 16 (T4) and week 20 (T5) in the non-MI-MOPs group, with all models analysed digitally. Periapical radiographs (PA) were taken before commencing treatment (T0) and T3. Participants were asked to complete a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) daily during the first week of treatment. Results: At T0, the mean Little irregularity index (LII) was 5.1 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.95–5.23) with no statistically significant difference between groups ( P = 0.766). At T1, T2 and T3, t-test showed statistically significant differences in the LII ( P < 0.05) in favour of the MI-MOPs group; mean differences (MD) were −1.16mm (95% CI = −1.36 to −0.96), −1.77 mm (95% CI = −1.93 to −1.59) and −1.58 mm (95% CI = −1.67 to −1.48), respectively. Mean treatment time from baseline to final alignment was 10.41 weeks (95% CI = 9.92–10.89) in the MI-MOPs group and 16.62 weeks (95% CI = 16.11–17.13) in the non-MI-MOPs groups, which was statistically significant (MD −6.21 mm, 95% CI = −6.88 to −5.53, P < 0.05). Conversely, Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant differences in terms of PP and RR between the groups ( P > 0.05). The participants in the MI-MOPs group experienced a higher degree of RR ( P < 0.05) secondary to intervention. No other significant adverse events were reported during the trial. Conclusion: This trial found that combining MI-MOPs with non-extraction-based fixed orthodontic therapy in adults mildly shortens the duration of the alignment phase. RR should be monitored throughout the treatment when using MI-MOPs (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04778241).
Comparison of neural networks based on accuracy and robustness in identifying impact location for structural health monitoring applications
Authors: Balasubramanian Prabakaran , Kaushik Vikram , Altamimi Sumaya Y , Amabili Marco , Alteneiji Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Structural health monitoring systems must provide accuracy and robustness in predicting the structure’s health using the minimum intervention to ensure commercial viability. Characterization of impact is useful in assessing its severity, deciding if detailed damage analysis is necessary, and re-evaluating the present health of the structure under monitoring with better confidence. In this characterization process, the impact location is significant since some positions within a structure are more sensitive to damage. The inherent noise and uncertainties present in the sensor response pose a substantial hurdle to estimating the external impact correctly. This paper quantitatively compares three of the widely used neural networks, namely, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM), to estimate impact location from the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensor response. For this purpose, a square aluminum plate of 500 × 500 mm was equipped with four PZT sensors; each placed 100 mm away in both the plate directions from a corner and impact loads were given on a grid covering the whole plate. The PZT responses were used to train the three neural networks under study here, and their estimations were compared based on the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). In addition, increasing Gaussian noise was added to the PZT responses, and the robustness of the three neural networks was monitored. It was found that the ANN gives better accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error of 22 mm compared to Convolutional Neural Network (MAE = 31 mm) and Long Short-Term Memory (MAE = 25 mm). However, CNN is more robust when encountering noise with a 2% reduction in accuracy, while LSTM and ANN lost 7% and 11% accuracy, respectively.
Glucolipotoxicity induces endothelial cell dysfunction by activating autophagy and inhibiting autophagic flow
Authors: Liu Yulan , Xiang Hong , Xiong Wenfang , Ouyang Jie , Liu Hengdao , Zhao Shaoli , Xiao Jie , Li Jialing , Shu Zhihao , Wang Xuewen , Liu Huiqin , Zhang Jing , Fan Jianing , Li Ying , Chen Shuhua , Lu Hongwei 
Published: May 2022

Objectives This study aims to determine the role and mechanism of autophagy in endothelial cell dysfunction by glucolipotoxicity. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with high glucose and high palmitic acid. The number of autophagosomes was evaluated by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3 and P62) was assessed by Western blotting. Capillary tube-like formation was evaluated on Matrigel. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by DCFH-DA. Cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of AMPK, mTOR, and ULK1 was also analyzed by Western blotting. Results We found that glucolipotoxicity induced autophagy initiation and hindered autophagosomes degradation. Moreover, glucolipotoxicity increased the production of intracellular ROS, decreased the ability of tubular formation, and increased cell apoptosis. However, endothelial cell dysfunction was alleviated by 3-methyladenine, an early-stage autophagy inhibitor. Additionally, glucolipotoxicity promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1 and inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR. Conclusions Glucolipotoxicity initiates autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway and inhibits autophagic flow, leading to the accumulation of autophagosomes, thereby inducing apoptosis and impairing endothelial cell function.
Detection of Endoleaks Following Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Endovascular Aortic Repair—: A Comparison of Standard and Dynamic 4D-Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Waldeck Stephan , Overhoff Daniel , Brockmann Marc A. , Becker Benjamin V. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Endoleaks are a common complication after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The detection and correct classification of endoleaks is essential for the further treatment of affected patients. However, standard computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides no hemodynamic information on endoleaks, which can result in misclassification in complex cases. The aim of this study was to compare standard CTA (sCTA) with dynamic, dual-energy CTA (dCTA) for detection and classification of endoleaks following EVAR or TEVAR. Materials and Methods: This retrospective evaluation compared 69 sCTA diagnostic examinations performed on 50 different patients with 89 dCTA diagnostic examinations performed on 69 different patients. Results: In total, 15.9% of sCTA examinations and 49.4% of dCTA examinations led to the detection of endoleaks. With sCTA, 20.0% of patients were diagnosed with endoleaks, while with dCTA, 37.7% of patients were diagnosed with endoleaks. With sCTA, mainly Type 1 endoleaks were detected, whereas, with dCTA, the types of detected endoleaks were more evenly distributed. In comparison with the literature, the frequencies of endoleak types detected with dCTA better reflect the natural distribution than the frequencies detected with standard CTA. Conclusion: Based on the retrospective comparative evaluation, dCTA could pose a valuable supplementary diagnostic tool resulting in a more accurate and realistic detection and classification of suspected endoleaks.
Upper Extremity Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation Versus Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Post-Stroke Individuals: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Loh Mei-Sean , Kuan Yi-Chun , Wu Chin-Wen , Liao Chun-De , Hong Jia-Pei , Chen Hung-Chou 
Published: May 2022

Background Electrical stimulation has been employed as a safe and effective therapy for improving arm function after stroke. Contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) is a unique method that has progressed from application in small feasibility studies to implementation in several randomized controlled trials. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to summarize its efficacy. Objective To summarize the effect size of CCFES through measures of upper extremity motor recovery compared with that of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Methods The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected and subjected to meta-analysis and risk of bias assessment. Results 6 RCTs were selected and 267 participants were included. The Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment (UEFMA) was included in all studies, the Box and Blocks test (BBT) and active range of motion (AROM) were included in 3 and 4 studies, respectively. The modified Barthel Index (mBI) and Arm Motor Abilities Test (AMAT) were included in 2 and 3 studies, respectively. The CCFES group demonstrated greater improvement than the NMES did in UEFMA (SMD = .42, 95% CI = .07–.76), BBT (SMD = .48, 95% CI = .10–.86), AROM (SMD = .54, 95% CI = .23–.86), and mBI (SMD = .54, 95% CI = .12–.97). However, the results for AMAT did not differ significantly (SMD = .34, 95% CI = −.03–.72). Conclusion Contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation produced greater improvements in upper extremity hemiplegia in people with stroke than NMES did. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021245831
Ten-Year Trends in Level of Evidence in Hand Surgery
Authors: Tompkins Reid E. , Polmear Michael M. , Klahs Kyle J. , Scanaliato John P. , Nesti Leon J. , Dunn John C. 
Published: May 2022

Background: The purposes of this study were to analyze the trends in Oxford level of evidence (LOE), LOE of most-cited articles, and association between LOE and journal impact factor (IF) and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) over a 10-year period (2009-2018) in 3 prominent hand surgery journals, specifically HAND, Journal of Hand Surgery ( American Volume) ( JHS), and Journal of Hand Surgery ( European Volume) ( JHSE). Methods: All articles published from 2009 to 2018 in HAND, JHS, and JHSE were reviewed for assigned or available LOE. Data were pooled and analyzed for trends in LOE; relationship among IF, SJR, and LOE; and citation density. Results: A total of 3921 total publications were tabulated from 2009 to 2018, with the majority of studies being level V (1700, 43%) and fewer studies being level I (146, 4%). Over the 10-year study period, there was no significant change in frequency of level I studies for any journal. HAND trended significantly toward higher LOE, JHS trended toward higher LOE, and JHSE trended toward decreased LOE without significance. Among all journals, the annual number of articles and the average LOE were independent significant predictors of IF and SJR. Statistically significant correlations were found between citation density and LOE for JHS and HAND. Conclusions: Higher quality evidence is becoming more prevalent in the hand surgery literature over the past 10 years. Annual articles, average LOE, and level I and II and level IV articles were significant predictors of increasing IF and SJR.