bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Rh and K phenotypes among blood donors from different ethnicities in Samtah (Southwestern Region) Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamali Hassan A. , Madkhali Maymoon M. , Dobie Gasim , Madkhali Aymen M. , Madkhali Basem , Hummadi Yahia , Meshi Abdullah , Akhter Mohammad S. , Mobarki Abdullah A. , Saboor Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Rh and Kell blood group systems are amongst the most important blood group systems; being highly immunogenic after ABO system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of Rh antigens, haplotypes and K antigen among blood donors belonging to various ethnicities in Samtah, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This study was conducted during January 2019 and August 2020 at Samtah General Hospital, Samtah. Records of all blood donors recruited during this period were included for data acquisition. A total of 4977 blood donors’ records were reviewed and data were analysed. A total of 3863 donors’ results were considered in the final analysis.Results: In comparison to Saudi blood donors, C antigen was less frequent in Sudanese donors (69.7% and 34.0%), the c antigen was less frequent in Indian (79.2% and 59.3%) and Philippine (79.2% and 40.0%) donors and more frequent in Sudanese (79.2% and 97.9%) donors, the E antigen was less frequent in Yemini (27.0% and 19.5%) and the e antigen was more frequent in Yemini (96.7% and 99.2%) donors. The DcE haplotype was less frequent (3.1% and 0.7%) and the ce haplotype was more frequent (4.3% and 7.6%) in Yemini donors. The K antigen was less frequent in Pakistani (11.9% and 4.1%; p = .041) and Indian (11.9% and 1.9%; p = .023) donors.Conclusion: Rh and K antigens showed marked variations in their frequencies among blood donors of different ethnicities. Utilization of blood from various ethnicities warrant extended phenotyping of Rh and K antigens to avoid the risk of alloimmunization in multiply transfused patients.
Group‐urotherapy for children with complex elimination disorder: An Australian study
Authors: Peck Blake , Terry Daniel , Martin Benita , Matthews Belinda , Green Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElimination disorders are common in children and are associated with increased levels of psychological distress for both the child and their family. Despite successful treatments for elimination disorders, 30% of children do not respond to standard treatments to achieve continence. In these cases, a Urinary and Faecal Incontinence Training Program for Children and Adolescents (UFITPCA) has been established as an adjunct to existing therapy. The aim of the study is to explore the experiences of children who participated in the program. A qualitative design was employed with female children, aged 7–8 years, (n = 4) who participated in the UFITPCA program participated in a 60‐min focus group interview. The parents of the children (n = 4) were also interviewed. Data was collected at the end of the 9‐week program and analysed to identify themes that encompassed the experiences of the UFITPCA program and associated outcomes amongst both the children and their parents. Three central themes were emerged from the data, which included: Make it Stop, I'm not Alone, and Look at what I can do now. These findings were encapsulated by the desperation and frustration of children and parents prior to commencing the program; the widespread positive implications for the children's wellbeing from having engaged in a program with others just like them, and their sense of satisfaction of putting their newfound knowledge into practice. Both children and parents recognized a change in their child's overall sense of wellbeing and parents identified that their children felt more in control of symptoms and how they responded when symptoms arose. The children experienced an increase in their acceptance and self‐efficacy of their symptoms.
17β‐Oestradiol facilitates M2 macrophage skewing and ameliorates arrhythmias in ovariectomized female infarcted rats
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Che , Chen Syue‐yi , Lee Tsung‐Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEpidemiological studies have suggested a lower incidence of arrhythmia‐induced sudden cardiac death in women than in men. 17β‐oestradiol (E2) has been reported to have a post‐myocardial infarction antiarrhythmic effect, although the mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We investigated whether E2‐mediated antioxidation regulates macrophage polarization and affects cardiac sympathetic reinnervation in rats after MI. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were randomly assigned to placebo pellets, E2 treatment, or E2 treatment +3‐morpholinosydnonimine (a peroxynitrite generator) and followed for 4 weeks. The infarct sizes were similar among the infarcted groups. At Day 3 after infarction, post‐infarction was associated with increased superoxide levels, which were inhibited by administering E2. E2 significantly increased myocardial IL‐10 levels and the percentage of regulatory M2 macrophages compared with the ovariectomized infarcted alone group as assessed by immunohistochemical staining, Western blot and RT‐PCR. Nerve growth factor colocalized with both M1 and M2 macrophages at the magnitude significantly higher in M1 compared with M2. At Day 28 after infarction, E2 was associated with attenuated myocardial norepinephrine levels and sympathetic hyperinnervation. These effects of E2 were functionally translated in inhibiting fatal arrhythmias. The beneficial effect of E2 on macrophage polarization and sympathetic hyperinnervation was abolished by 3‐morpholinosydnonimine. Our results indicated that E2 polarized macrophages into the M2 phenotype by inhibiting the superoxide pathway, leading to attenuated nerve growth factor‐induced sympathetic hyperinnervation after myocardial infarction.
Paint It Black or Red: Serious Play in Brazil's Northeast
Authors: French Jan Hoffman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes a popular, folkloric dance drama in the small city, Laranjeiras, a thriving slave port for its first three centuries. Lambe‐sujo e Caboclinho, dating to the 19th century, depicts the practice of missionized Indigenous people engaged to capture and return fugitive slaves. Participants paint themselves either black or red and parade through the streets, leading to a mock battle, ending in defeat of the fugitive slaves. This article employs ethnographic data and historical research to consider the use of performance, which enhances heightened consciousness of racial oppression, reinforced by Afro‐Brazilian social movements, and makes the event serious fun. Residents of this overwhelmingly Black city are rethinking responses to racial oppression in today's Brazil through a cultural performance with the flexibility to serve as a window onto the past that opens onto the future. The article contributes to the fields of cultural anthropology, folklore studies, and critical race studies.
Advanced Practice Provider–Led Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Programs for Pregnant and Parenting Women
Authors: Pressley Byrd Dolly , Galvin Shelley , Ramage Melinda , Johnson Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article describes 2 innovative models of advanced practice provider–led medication for opioid use disorder treatment programs offering comprehensive, interprofessional care for pregnant patients and provides implications for broader adaptation of practice. Increasing the number of midwives and nurse practitioners waivered to prescribe buprenorphine and able to connect pregnant patients with opioid use disorder to appropriate community‐based resources, treatment, and self‐help programs could address alarming substance use trends including overdose deaths and other sequelae associated with the opioid epidemic.
An intersectional analysis of women's social role engagement and mental health
Authors: Erving Christy L. , Wright Chavonté , Lara Joanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveGuided by role theory and the intersectionality framework, this study assesses whether social role volume, role type, and role configuration influence the mental health of Non‐Latina White, African American, Afro‐Caribbean, Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Chinese, Filipina, and Vietnamese American women.BackgroundContemporary shifts in the primary roles (i.e., worker, spouse, parent) women occupy and in the ethnic composition of the United States necessitate a re‐examination of how roles impact U.S. women's mental health. Moreover, family member and friend roles are relatively understudied.MethodDrawing data from the nationally representative Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES) (N = 7370), ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis is used to assess the relationship between role volume, role type, role configuration, and mental health for women across nine ethnic groups. We report ethnicity‐stratified models.ResultsOn one hand, role accumulation was psychologically beneficial for Non‐Latina White, African American, Puerto Rican, and Chinese women. On the other hand, the psychological benefits of social roles diminished after accumulating three social roles for Cuban, Mexican, and Filipina women. The psychological influence of specific roles and role configurations for women was dependent on ethnicity.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the powerful impact of ethnicity on social role engagement as well as the influence of such roles on women's psychological health.
Prosthesis‐Implant Arch Area Ratio (PIAAR) – A New Geometric Paradigm, Replacing the Current ‘A‐P Spread’ of a Cantilever in Full‐Arch Implant Prosthesis: A Proof‐of‐Concept Experiment
Authors: Kim Young K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThe anterior‐posterior spread concept is relied upon to understand the bioengineering aspects of cantilevers in fixed complete denture prostheses. This concept is not evidence‐based. With no other category existing in contemporary implant dentistry, this conventional anterior‐posterior spread concept may have limited more precise and accurate biomechanical analysis. This paper aims to validate a scientific rationale for utilizing this new prosthesis‐implant arch area ratio instead of the preexisting anterior‐posterior spread concept.Materials and methodsUtilizing the preexisting mathematical principle of “Heron's formula,” enabling the calculation of the area of a triangle with three known lengths and no angular information, a new prosthesis‐implant arch area ratio is introduced through algebraic derivation. Geometrically, three different sections of prosthetic cantilevers are defined as: (1) anterior cantilever; (2) lateral cantilever; (3) posterior cantilever. The prosthesis‐implant arch area ratio is defined as the prosthesis arch area (anterior, lateral, or posterior cantilever) divided by the sum of the platform arch area and the selected prosthesis arch area. As a proof‐of‐concept experiment, fifteen different laboratory cast arches (n = 15) were chosen; theorized four implant platforms were referenced from the conventional anterior‐posterior spread ration of 1:1.5, followed by calculating platform arch area and prosthesis arch area using Heron's formula. Then, three different horizontal arch width ratios (1:1, 1.25:1, and 1.5:1) under the constant linear height ratio of anterior‐posterior spread (1:1.5) were drawn to assign different experimental groups of prosthesis arch area on each patient scenario, followed by cantilever comparison combining all ratio values (n = 45). One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsOne‐way ANOVA revealed statistical differences of all prosthesis‐implant arch area ratios on each cantilever group; anterior cantilever, F(2, 42) = 8.326, p = 0.0009; lateral cantilever F(2, 42) = 43.92, p < 0.0001; posterior cantilever, F(2, 42) = 26.66, p < 0.0001, as well as cantilever's comparison, F(2, 132) = 240.8, p < 0.0001. Tukey's post hoc test showed a statistically significant ascending trend of prosthesis‐implant arch area ratio as the horizontal width ratio increases. Interestingly, the posterior cantilever had the greatest prosthesis‐implant arch area ratio.ConclusionsCompared to the preexisting anterior‐posterior spread concept, a new prosthesis‐implant arch area ratio seemed to be a more categorized, geometric, and perceptive modality of assessing the prosthetic cantilever in a full‐arch implant‐supported prosthesis, allowing a more systematic indexing of different full‐arch implant clinical scenarios with greater specificity and consistency.
Genetics, parenting, and family functioning—What drives the development of self‐control from adolescence to adulthood?
Authors: Mueller Ida M. , Spinath Frank M. , Friese Malte , Hahn Elisabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐control is a meaningful predictor of crucial life outcomes. Knowingly, genes contribute substantially to differences in self‐control, but behavioral genetic findings are often misinterpreted regarding environmental influences. Therefore, we reinvestigate the heritability of self‐control as well as potential environmental influences, namely parenting and a chaotic home environment.MethodWe used cross‐sectional and longitudinal data from the German twin family study TwinLife (N = 3354 individuals), structured in a multicohort design in which 13‐, 19‐, and 25‐year‐old twins rated their self‐control, parents' behavior, and home environment.ResultsResults showed increasing mean levels and 1‐year stabilities for self‐control accompanied by substantial genetic influences, increasing particularly from ages 19 to 25 (53% to 76%). While chaotic home environments and negative parenting were phenotypically associated with lower self‐control, twin difference models revealed that differences in these individually perceived “environments” directly predicted self‐control differences (β = −0.16 to −0.28) within families when controlling for genetic and environmental similarities.ConclusionsIn addition to the genetic anchoring of self‐control, results indicate that environmental factors such as negative family environments are meaningful and depend on individual perceptions within families. Interventions for enhancing self‐control should, therefore, rely on individual perspectives rather than objective characteristics of home environments.
Exogenous protease supplementation to the diet enhances growth performance, improves nitrogen utilization, and reduces stress in finishing pigs
Authors: Hoque Md Raihanul , Song Jun H. , Kim In H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe have conducted this experiment to evaluate a new exogenous protease in finishing pigs' growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gas emission, blood profiles, and meat quality. A total of 200 pigs of 52.15 ± 2.31 kg average body weight (BW) were divided into four dietary treatments named as: CON, basal diet; TRT1, basal diet + 0.05% protease; TRT2, basal diet + 0.1% protease; TRT3, basal diet + 1.5% protease. Each treatment consisted of 10 pens, where five pigs were allotted to each pen according to their body weight and sex. The dietary treatments were allotted to the pens in a randomized block design. During this 10‐week‐long experiment, BW, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were calculated for Week 0–5, Week 6–10, and the overall period. During Week 6–10, ADG was higher in TRT2 and TRT3 than in the CON and TRT1 groups. At the same time, a linear increase was observed in ADG and G:F of the pigs. In addition, the final BW of pigs' was linearly increased by protease supplementation. On Week 10, there was a linear trend of increase (p = 0.0575) in crude protein digestibility and a trend of linear reduction (p = 0.0651) in NH3 gas emission. In blood profile, cortisol presented a linear decrease in both Week 5 (p = 0.251) and Week 10 (p = 0.0585). In addition, increasing doses of protease showed a trend of linear increase (p = 0.0592) in creatinine, whereas linear reduction was observed in the concentration of epinephrine (p = 0.0636) and norepinephrine (p = 0.0167) during Week 10. In conclusion, protease supplementation helped in improving daily gain in finishing pigs through protein digestibility with associated reduction of ammonia emission and blood stress hormones.
The history of sleep research and sleep medicine in Europe
Authors: Schulz Hartmut 
Published: May 2022

SummarySleep became a subject of scientific research in the second half of the 19th century. Since sleep, unlike other physiological functions, cannot be attributed to a specific organ, there was no distinct method available to study sleep until then. With the development of physiology and psychology, and a rapidly increasing knowledge of the structure and functioning of the nervous system, certain aspects of sleep became accessible to objective study. A first step was to measure responsiveness to external stimuli systematically, during sleep, allowing a first representation of the course of sleep (Schlaftiefe = sleep depth). A second method was to register continuously the motor activity across the sleep–wake cycle, which allowed the documentation in detail of rest–activity patterns of monophasic and polyphasic sleep–wake rhythms, or between day or night active animals. The central measurement for sleep research, however, became the electroencephalogram in the 1930s, which allowed observation of the sleeping brain with high temporal resolution. Beside the development of instruments to measure sleep, prolonged sleep deprivation was applied to study physiological and psychological effects of sleep loss. Another input came from clinical and neuropathological observations of patients with pronounced disorders of the sleep–wake cycle, which for the first time allowed localisation of brain areas that are essentially involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Experimental brain stimulation and lesion studies were carried out with the same aim at this time. Many of these activities came to a halt on the eve of World War II. It was only in the early 1950s, when periods with rapid eye movements during sleep were recognised, that sleep became a research topic of itself. Jouvet and his team explored the brain mechanisms and transmitters of paradoxical sleep, and experimental sleep research became established in all European countries. Sleep medicine evolving simultaneously in different countries, with early centres in Italy and France. In the late 1960s sleep research and chronobiology began to merge. In recent decades, sleep research, dream research, and sleep medicine have benefited greatly from new methods in genetic research and brain imaging techniques. Genes were identified that are involved in the regulation of sleep, circadian rhythms, or sleep disorders. Functional imaging enabled a high spatial resolution of the activity of the sleeping brain, complementing the high temporal resolution of the electroencephalogram.
How does research reach teachers? An agenda for investigating research mobilities in primary literacy education
Authors: Burnett Cathy , Gillen Julia , Guest Ian , Maxwell Bronwen , Thompson Terrie Lynn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn England, several developments combine in powerful ways to sustain certain ideas about literacy and research in education. These include the promotion of a specific model of ‘evidence‐based practice’, frameworks for initial teacher education and early career professional development, and a strong accountability framework via inspection. However, as we illustrate through examples of activity on Twitter, to suggest that such ideas are all pervasive is to ignore other, less predictable, ways in which research circulates. Teachers, researchers and others working in literacy education, combined with the work of digital actors, assist the movement of ideas in sometimes unpredictable and even exciting ways. We argue that, if we are to understand how teachers encounter research, we need a better understanding of how research moves. We suggest that such movements are produced through shifting assemblages of human and non‐human actors that combine to mobilise literacy research evidence differently and to varying degrees. This, we propose, calls for a new focus on what we call ‘research mobilities’ in primary literacy research.
The co‐existence of multiple oak leaf flushes contributes to the large within‐tree variation in chemistry, insect attack and pathogen infection
Authors: Gaytán Álvaro , Moreira Xoaquín , Castagneyrol Bastien , Van Halder Inge , De Frenne Pieter , Meeussen Camille , Timmermans Bart G. H. , Ten Hoopen Jan P. J. G. , Rasmussen Pil U. , Bos Nick , Jaatinen Raimo , Pulkkinen Pertti , Söderlund Sara , Covelo Felisa , Gotthard Karl , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Many plant species produce multiple leaf flushes during the growing season, which might have major consequences for within‐plant variation in chemistry and species interactions. Yet, we lack a theoretical or empirical framework for how differences among leaf flushes might shape variation in damage by insects and diseases.

We assessed the impact of leaf flush identity on leaf chemistry, insect attack and pathogen infection on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur by sampling leaves from each leaf flush in 20 populations across seven European countries during an entire growing season.

The first leaf flush had higher levels of primary compounds, and lower levels of secondary compounds, than the second flush, whereas plant chemistry was highly variable in the third flush. Insect attack decreased from the first to the third flush, whereas infection by oak powdery mildew was lowest on leaves from the first flush. The relationship between plant chemistry, insect attack and pathogen infection varied strongly among leaf flushes and seasons.

Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering differences among leaf flushes for our understanding of within‐tree variation in chemistry, insect attack and disease levels, something particularly relevant given the expected increase in the number of leaf flushes with climate change.
Assessment of patient education materials for age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Wang Elisa , Kalloniatis Michael , Ly Angelica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss. It is helpful for patients living with AMD to understand the prognosis, risk factors and management of their condition. Online education materials are a popular and promising channel for conveying this knowledge to patients with AMD. However, the quality of these materials—particularly with respect to qualities such as ‘understandability’ and ‘actionability’—is not yet known. This study assessed a collection of online materials about AMD based on these qualities of ‘understandability’ and ‘actionability’.MethodsOnline education materials about AMD were sourced through Google from six English‐speaking nations: Australia, New Zealand, USA, UK, Ireland and Canada. Three Australian/New Zealand trained and registered optometrists participated in the grading of the ‘understandability’ and ‘actionability’ of online education materials using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT).ResultsThis study analysed a total of 75 online materials. The mean ‘understandability’ score was 74% (range: 38%–94%). The ‘understandability’ PEMAT criterion U11 (calling for a summary of the key points) scored most poorly across all materials. The mean ‘actionability’ score was 49% (range: 0%–83%). The ‘actionability’ PEMAT criterion A26 (using ‘visual aids’ to make instructions easier to act on) scored most poorly across all materials.ConclusionMost education materials about AMD are easy to understand, but difficult to act on, because of a lack of meaningful visual aids. We propose future enhancements to AMD education materials—including the use of summaries, visual aids and a habit tracker—to help patients with AMD improve their understanding of disease prognosis, risk factors and eye assessment schedule requirements.