bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the non-radiative thermal characteristics of a passive radiative cooler under real operating conditions
Authors: Kocer Hasan , Durna Yilmaz , Isik Halil , Soydan Mahmut Can , Khalichi Bahram , Ghobadi Amir , Kurt Hamza , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Passive radiative cooling (PasRadCool), which emits thermal energy from objects to deep cold space through atmospheric transparency, offers complementary and alternative green energy solutions for passive cooling of buildings, clothing, and renewable energy harvesting. Depending on the spectral emissive/absorptive properties of the unit under test (UUT), radiative heat exchanges occur between the UUT, atmosphere, and sun, while at the same time non-radiative heat exchange occurs. The performance of the PasRadCool is determined by the combined thermal and thermodynamic effects of both exchange mechanisms. Although the non-radiative heat exchange, which consists of conductive and convective processes to the outer surfaces of the UUT and the surrounding air fluid, is very sensitive to environmental changes, the actual performance is not fully determined since this feature is considered statically in many studies. Herein, we propose a method that reveals the non-radiative thermal characteristics of the PasRadCool under real operating conditions. With a photonic radiative cooler structure, which we manufacture as a proof of concept, we perform nighttime field test measurements in varying non-radiative thermal conditions. The proposed method extracts the time-dependent non-radiative heat transfer coefficient of the UUT as accurately as possible. We also confirm that our experimental result shows good agreement with both numerical and analytical methods. The proposed approach, which highlights the realistic thermal management of PasRadCool, is not specific to the circumstances of our study and can be applied to all PasRadCool situations with different geometry, material, and environmental conditions.
Leptogenesis in an extended seesaw model with U(1)
B−L
symmetry
Authors: Dey Ujjal Kumar , Jha Tapoja , Mukherjee Ananya , Sahoo Nirakar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We have explored an extended seesaw model accommodating a keV sterile neutrino adopting U(1)
B−L
symmetry. This model provides a natural platform for achieving resonant leptogenesis to account for the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU). The required lepton asymmetry is sourced by the CP violating decay of the lightest heavy right-handed neutrino to Standard Model leptons and Higgs. The presence of the light sterile neutrino in the model brings out an enhancement in the final lepton asymmetry through an additional self-energy contribution. Adopting a proper treatment for all the washout processes this framework strictly favors a strong washout regime thereby protecting the low energy neutrino mass parameters in agreement with the present neutrino and cosmology data. This framework of extended seesaw scheme offers the source of matter–antimatter asymmetry without any severe fine-tuning of the Yukawa couplings governing the tiny neutrino mass. We also comment on the half-life period for the neutrinoless double beta decay process in the background of having a keV sterile neutrino satisfying all the constraints which guide the explanation for the observed BAU.
Clinical dose assessment for scanned carbon-ion radiotherapy using linear energy transfer measurements and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Nakaji Taku , Kanai Tatsuaki , Takashina Masaaki , Matsumura Akihiko , Osaki Kohei , Yagi Masashi , Tsubouchi Toshiro , Hamatani Noriaki , Ogawa Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Dosimetric commissioning of treatment planning systems (TPS) focuses on validating the agreement of the physical dose with experimental data. For carbon-ion radiotherapy, the commissioning of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is necessary to predict the clinical outcome based on the radiation quality of the mixed radiation field. In this study, we proposed a approach for RBE commissioning using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which was further strengthen by RBE validation based on linear energy transfer (LET) measurements. Approach. First, we tuned the MC simulation based on the results of dosimetric experiments including the beam ranges, beam sizes, and MU calibrations. Furthermore, we compared simulated results to measured depth- and radial-LET distributions of the 430 MeV u−1 carbon-ion spot beam with a 1.5 mm2, 36 μm thick silicon detector. The measured dose-averaged LET (LETd) and RBE were compared with the simulated results. The RBE was calculated based on the mixed beam model with linear-quadratic parameters depending on the LET. Finally, TPS-calculated clinical dose profiles were validated through the tuned MC-based calculations. Main results. A 10 keV μm−1 and 0.15 agreement for LETd and RBE, respectively, were found between simulation and measurement results obtained for a 2σ lateral size of 430 MeV u−1 carbon-ion spot beam in water. These results suggested that the tuned MC simulation can be used with acceptable precision for the RBE and LET calculations of carbon-ion spot beam within the clinical energy range. For physical and clinical doses, the TPS- and MC-based calculations showed good agreements within 1.0% at the centre of the spread-out Bragg peaks. Significance. The tuned MC simulation can accurately reproduce the actual carbon-ion beams, and it can be used to validate the physical and clinical dose distributions calculated by TPS. Moreover, the MC simulation can be used for dosimetric commissioning, including clinical doses, without LET measurements.
Laser-assisted scattering of a muon neutrino by an electron within the framework of electroweak theory
Authors: El Asri S , Mouslih S , Ouali M , Taj S , Manaut B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In accordance with the electroweak theory, we perform a detailed analytical treatment of the differential cross-section (DCS) for the elastic scattering process

e

−

+

ν

μ

⟶

e

−

+

ν

μ

in both absence and presence of a circularly polarized laser field. This scattering process is examined, in the first-Born approximation, by using Dirac–Volkov wave functions for charged particles within an external laser field. The theoretical results obtained for the differential cross-section without a laser field are compared with other theoretical results within the framework of Fermi theory. These results revealed to us the importance of using electroweak theory instead of Fermi approximation for studying high energy electroweak interactions. The differential cross section is modified significantly by inserting the electrons into an electromagnetic field. In addition, the influence of the laser strength and its frequency on the photons exchange between the colliding system and the laser field is also included and discussed. These effects are heavily related to the order and argument of the ordinary Bessel functions introduced in the theoretical calculation.
Signals of α clusters in 16O+16O collisions at the LHC from relativistic hydrodynamic simulations*
Authors: Ding Chi , Pang Long-Gang , Zhang Song , Ma Yu-Gang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In relativistic heavy ion collisions, the fluctuations of initial entropy density convert to the correlations of final state hadrons in momentum space through the collective expansion of strongly interacting QCD matter. Using a (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamic program, CLVisc, we consider whether the nuclear structure, which provides initial state fluctuations as well as correlations, can affect the final state of heavy ion collisions, and whether one can find signals of α cluster structures in oxygen using final state observables in

collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. For the initial nucleon distributions in oxygen nuclei, we compare three different configurations, a tetrahedral structure with four-α clusters, the deformed Woods-Saxon distribution, and a spherical symmetric Woods-Saxon distribution. Our results show that the charged multiplicity as a function of centrality and the elliptic flow at the most central collisions using the four-α structure differs from those with the Woods-Saxon and deformed Woods-Saxon distributions, which may help to identify α clustering structures in oxygen nuclei.
Chaos bound in Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black holes via circular motions*
Authors: Chen Deyou , Gao Chuanhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the influence of the angular momentum of a charged particle around Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black holes on the Lyapunov exponent and find spatial regions where the chaos bound is violated. The exponent is obtained by solving the determination of the eigenvalues of a Jacobian matrix in the phase space. Equilibrium positions are obtained by fixing the charge-to-mass ratio of the particle and changing its angular momentum. For certain values of the black holes' electric charge, the NUT charge and rotational parameter, a small angular momentum of the particle, even with zero angular momentum, causes violation of the bound. This violation disappears at a certain distance from the event horizon of the non-extremal Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black hole when the angular momentum increases to a certain value. When the black hole is extremal, the violation always exists no matter how the angular momentum changes. The ranges of the angular momentum and spatial regions for the violation are found. The black holes and particle rotating in the same and opposite directions are discussed.
Weak deflection angle and shadow cast by the charged-Kiselev black hole with cloud of strings in plasma*
Authors: Atamurotov Farruh , Hussain Ibrar , Mustafa Ghulam , Övgün Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, the gravitational deflection angle of photons in the weak field limit (or the weak deflection angle) and shadow cast by the electrically charged and spherically symmetric static Kiselev black hole (BH) in the string cloud background are investigated. The influences of the BH charge Q, quintessence parameter γ, and string cloud parameter a on the weak deflection angle are studied using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, in addition to studying the influences on the radius of photon spheres and size of the BH shadow in the spacetime geometry of the charged-Kiselev BH in string clouds. Moreover, we study the effects of plasma (uniform and non-uniform) on the weak deflection angle and shadow cast by the charged-Kiselev BH surrounded by the clouds of strings. In the presence of a uniform/nonuniform plasma medium, an increase in the string cloud parameter a increases the deflection angle α. In contrast, a decrease in the BH charge Q decreases the deflection angle. Further, we observe that an increase in the BH charge Q causes a decrease in the size of the shadow of the BH. We notice that, with an increase in the values of the parameters γ and a, the size of the BH shadow increases, and therefore, the intensity of the gravitational field around the charged-Kiselev BH in string clouds increases. Thus, the gravitational field of the charged-Kiselev BH in the string cloud background is stronger than the field produced by the pure Reissner-Nordstrom BH. Moreover, we use the data released by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration, for the supermassive BHs M87* and Sgr A*, to obtain constraints on the values of the parameters γ and a.
A robotic model of hippocampal reverse replay for reinforcement learning
Authors: Whelan Matthew T , Jimenez-Rodriguez Alejandro , Prescott Tony J , Vasilaki Eleni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Hippocampal reverse replay, a phenomenon in which recently active hippocampal cells reactivate in the reverse order, is thought to contribute to learning, particularly reinforcement learning (RL), in animals. Here, we present a novel computational model which exploits reverse replay to improve stability and performance on a homing task. The model takes inspiration from the hippocampal-striatal network, and learning occurs via a three-factor RL rule. To augment this model with hippocampal reverse replay, we derived a policy gradient learning rule that associates place-cell activity with responses in cells representing actions and a supervised learning rule of the same form, interpreting the replay activity as a ‘target’ frequency. We evaluated the model using a simulated robot spatial navigation task inspired by the Morris water maze. Results suggest that reverse replay can improve performance stability over multiple trials. Our model exploits reverse reply as an additional source for propagating information about desirable synaptic changes, reducing the requirements for long-time scales in eligibility traces combined with low learning rates. We conclude that reverse replay can positively contribute to RL, although less stable learning is possible in its absence. Analogously, we postulate that reverse replay may enhance RL in the mammalian hippocampal-striatal system rather than provide its core mechanism.
Fabrication of multilevel porous structure networks on Nb-Ta-Ti alloy scaffolds and the effects of surface characteristics on behaviors of MC3T3-E1 cells
Authors: Liu Jue , Ruan Jianming , Yin Jian , Ou Pinghua , Yang Hailin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Porous Nb-25Ta-25Ti alloys (60% porosity and 100–600 μm pore size) for bone implant applications were manufactured combining impregnation and sintering methods. Surfaces with porous micro-nanostructured networks on Nb-Ta-Ti alloys were successfully modified by various surface pre-treatments (acid etching, alkali-heat treatment and annealing treatment). Surface characteristics and Ca-P layer deposition behaviors of the multilevel structured porous Nb-Ta-Ti alloys were investigated by conducting various tests, including x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray, atomic force microscopy and optical contact angle measurement. In particular, bulk Nb-Ta-Ti alloys were also used as mutual control. The results demonstrated that the porous alloy exhibited a unique multilevel porous structure with macro-networks and micro-pits after pre-treatments. The surface passive TiO2/Nb2O5/Ta2O5 layers on Nb-Ta-Ti alloys were partially dissolved by the corrosive attack of hydroxyl ions during alkali heat treatment. In addition, subsequent annealing treatment increased the density of the gel layers formed during alkali heat treatment. After immersion in SBF for 14 d, a continuous relatively uniform apatite layer was formed on the multilevel structured surfaces. Moreover, the mechanism of surface mineralization can be construed as electrostatic interactions between substrates and ions. Furthermore, in vitro cell culture showed that Nb-Ta-Ti alloys had a good biocompatibility and the multilevel porous structure could enhance the cellular behaviors including: cell adhesion and spreading.
Frequency multiplication with toroidal mode number of kink/fishbone modes on a static HL-2A-like tokamak
Authors: ZOU Zhihui , ZHU Ping , KIM Charlson C , DENG Wei , WANG Xianqu , HOU Yawei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the presence of energetic particles (EPs), the long-lived mode (LLM) frequency multiplication with n = 1, 2, 3, or higher is often observed on HL-2A, where n is the toroidal mode number. Hybrid kinetic-MHD model simulations of the energetic particle (EP) driven kink/fishbone modes on a static HL-2A-like tokamak using NIMROD code find that when the background plasma pressure is relatively high, and the EP pressure and the beam energy are relatively low, the mode frequency increases almost linearly with EP pressure, and the frequency is proportional to n (‘frequency multiplication’), even in the absence of any equilibrium plasma rotation. In addition, the frequency multiplication persists as the safety factor at the magnetic axis q
0 varies. In the absence of EPs, the growth rate of the 1/1 mode is the largest; however, as the EP pressure increases, the growth rate of 2/2 modes or 3/3 modes becomes dominant, suggesting that higher-n modes are more vulnerable to EPs. These results may shed light on the understanding of the toroidal mode number dependence of kink/fishbone modes in the advanced scenarios of tokamaks with weak or reversed central magnetic shear.
Skin Contour Sutures in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Zholtikov Vitaly , Kosins Aaron , Ouerghi Riadh , Daniel Rollin K 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe skin–soft tissue envelope (STE) is a critical component of rhinoplasty and can have a significant impact on the final result. Skin contour sutures (SCSs) can be used to prevent potential complications related to skin detachment and to improve rhinoplasty results.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of SCSs for nasal skin approximation.MethodsSCSs involve the use of external sutures to stabilize the STE flap based on the principle that the pressure of the sutures helps to approximate the STE to the underlying nasal skeleton. The first study group demonstrated the utilization of SCSs in 459 consecutive rhinoplasty cases between December 2016 and April 2022 which were retrospectively reviewed. The second study group consisted of 30 patients with thick skin who had insertion of SCSs with ultrasonic evaluation both preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsThe average postoperative follow-up period in the first study group was 41 months (range, 12-64 months). Any suture site that was visible after removal of the suture disappeared completely after 6 weeks in most patients. No complications were reported. In the second group the ultrasound data indicated that STE healing was faster as its thickness returns to its preoperative state earlier in the healing process when SCSs were used.ConclusionsSCSs appear to help to decrease severe nasal edema, hematomas, loss of tip definition, fibrosis, and pollybeak deformity, thereby improving the results and predictability of rhinoplasty surgery.Level of Evidence: 4
BISC: accurate inference of transcriptional bursting kinetics from single-cell transcriptomic data
Authors: Luo Xizhi , Qin Fei , Xiao Feifei , Cai Guoshuai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Gene expression in mammalian cells is inherently stochastic and mRNAs are synthesized in discrete bursts. Single-cell transcriptomics provides an unprecedented opportunity to explore the transcriptome-wide kinetics of transcriptional bursting. However, current analysis methods provide limited accuracy in bursting inference due to substantial noise inherent to single-cell transcriptomic data. In this study, we developed BISC, a Bayesian method for inferring bursting parameters from single cell transcriptomic data. Based on a beta-gamma-Poisson model, BISC modeled the mean–variance dependency to achieve accurate estimation of bursting parameters from noisy data. Evaluation based on both simulation and real intron sequential RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization data showed improved accuracy and reliability of BISC over existing methods, especially for genes with low expression values. Further application of BISC found bursting frequency but not bursting size was strongly associated with gene expression regulation. Moreover, our analysis provided new mechanistic insights into the functional role of enhancer and superenhancer by modulating both bursting frequency and size. BISC also formulated a downstream framework to identify differential bursting (in frequency and size separately) genes in samples under different conditions. Applying to multiple datasets (a mouse embryonic cell and fibroblast dataset, a human immune cell dataset and a human pancreatic cell dataset), BISC identified known cell-type signature genes that were missed by differential expression analysis, providing additional insights in understanding the cell-specific stochastic gene transcription. Applying to datasets of human lung and colon cancers, BISC successfully detected tumor signature genes based on alterations in bursting kinetics, which illustrates its value in understanding disease development regarding transcriptional bursting. Collectively, BISC provides a new tool for accurately inferring bursting kinetics and detecting differential bursting genes. This study also produced new insights in the role of transcriptional bursting in regulating gene expression, cell identity and tumor progression.
Twice-Daily Oral Zinc in the Treatment of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Ben Abdallah Saoussen , Mhalla Yosra , Trabelsi Imen , Sekma Adel , Youssef Rim , Bel Haj Ali Khaoula , Ben Soltane Houda , Yacoubi Hajer , Msolli Mohamed Amine , Stambouli Nejla , Beltaief Kaouthar , Grissa Mohamed Habib , Khrouf Meriem , Mezgar Zied , Loussaief Chawki , Bouida Wahid , Razgallah Rabie , Hezbri Karima , Belguith Asma , Belkacem Naouel , Dridi Zohra , Boubaker Hamdi , Boukef Riadh , Nouira Semir 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Zinc supplementation has been considered a potential therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to examine zinc efficacy in adult patients with COVID-19 infection.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Patients who were tested positive for COVID-19 without end-organ failure were randomized to oral zinc (n = 231) or matching placebo (n = 239) for 15 days. The primary combined outcome was death due to COVID-19 or intensive care unit (ICU) admission ≤30 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay for inpatients and duration of COVID-19 symptoms with COVID-19–related hospitalization for outpatients.

Results
190 patients (40.4%) were ambulatory and 280 patients (59.6%) were hospitalized. Mortality at 30 days was 6.5% in the zinc group and 9.2% in the placebo group (OR: .68; 95% CI .34–1.35); ICU admission rates were, respectively, 5.2% and 11.3% (OR: .43; 95% CI .21–.87). Combined outcome was lower in the zinc group versus the placebo group (OR: .58; 95% CI .33–.99). Consistent results were observed in prespecified subgroups of patients aged &lt;65 years, those with comorbidity, and those who needed oxygen therapy at baseline. Length of hospital stay was shorter in the zinc group versus the placebo group (difference: 3.5 days; 95% CI 2.76–4.23) in the inpatient group; duration of COVID-19 symptoms decreased with zinc treatment versus placebo in outpatients (difference: 1.9 days; 95% CI .62–2.6). No severe adverse events were observed during the study.

Conclusions
Our results showed that, in COVID-19 patients, oral zinc can decrease 30-day death, ICU admission rate and can shorten symptom duration.
Clinical Trials Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05212480.