bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflicting Specifications for Investment Functions in Rationing Models: A Reconciliation
Authors: Lambert Jean-Paul 
Published: September 2022

A number of attempts have been made recently (see, a.o., Mulkay [1983], Artus and Muet [1984], Gérard and Vanden Berghe [1984]) to develop and estimate appropriate specifications for investment functions in a rationing context. Some of the specifications proposed are however clearly conflicting, not in the usual sense that they reflect conflicting theoretical premises (between which empirical testing might hopefully discriminate) but in the unacceptable sense that there exists some logical incompatibility between different specifications derived from the same theoretical framework.In this note, we focus our attention on two specifications among the most significant ones proposed recently, show why they are contradictory and then explain what is the correction to be brought to one of them in order to reconcile both specifications. In the course of the discussion, we also seize the opportunity to point to common empirical practices which are clearly unwarranted and could account for some deceptive results encountered (even with a theoretically correct specification).
A Pioneering Analysis of the Core: Turgot's Essay on Value
Authors: Desai Meghnad 
Published: September 2022

SECTION IThe idea of the core of an economy and the convergence of core allocations to the competitive equilibrium are well established in the economic literature. It has been assumed by most authors on this topic that it was Edgeworth who in his Mathematics Psychics first stated and proved the major result concerning the core. [Debreu and Scarf (1963), Arrow and Hahn (1971)]. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to an essay by Turgot where the idea of the core is clearly stated and an argument about the convergence of the core to the competitive equilibrium as the number of consumers increases is first presented. Edgeworth’s Mathematical Psychics came out in 1881, Turgor’s essay was written some time in the 1760’s, definitely by 1770, but did not appear until Du Pont published his Oeuvres in 1808. Either way, if we can persuasively argue Turgot's claim then the discovery of this result is pushed back by more than a hundred years.
Investment, Sales Constraints and Profitability in France, 1957-1985
Authors: Sneessens Henri , Maillard Bénédicte 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis paper is devoted to the analysis of the investment behavior of the firm in the context of a quantity rationing (or disequilibrium) model with monopolistic competition on the goods market. Investment is entirely profit-driven as in the q-theory of investment. The profit variable is however decomposed into three components: the markup rate on variable costs, the capacity utilization rate and the discrepancy between the optimal and the actual-labor ratios. The model has the same long run implication as an accelerator model if and only if the optimal capacity utilization rate is constant in the long run. The suggested quantity rationing model is estimated on French data, over the period 1956-1985. The emphasis is on the investment equation. The parameter estimates are shown to have remained fairly stable over time.
A Vintage Model of Scrapping and Investment
Authors: Ingham Alan , Ulph Alister , Toker Mehmet 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis paper constructs and estimates a vintage model of production for manufacturing in the U.K. including the investment and scrapping decisions. The model uses a generalised Leontief flexible functional form, which allows for the testing of ex-ante and ex-post substitution. The data does not allow the rejection of some substitutability at both ex-ante and ex-post stages. The model also allows for an examination of price responsiveness of input-output coefficients. Finally the model is used to construct a capacity utilisation index.
Investment and Financial Decision Making in the UK Company Sector
Authors: Padgett Carol 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis paper looks at the interrelationships between the real and financial decisions made by the UK industrial and commercial company sector. It uses a capital gains augmented version of Purvis’ integrated expenditure and portfolio allocation model, a development of the Brainard-Tobin “pitfalls” approach. Investment, dividend payments, working capital, debt and equity decisions are modelled simultaneously subject to an income constraint. The results show that the size and composition of the sector’s borrowing commitment play an important part in determining the level of capital spending.
A short-period growth cycle model
Authors: Glombowski Jörg , Krüger Michael 
Published: September 2022

SummaryGoodwin's well-known growth cycle model has been rejected by Keynesians because it fails to take product disequilibria into account and gives rise to cycles which are much longer than observable business cycles. In the present article it is shown that cycles of much shorter duration can be obtained if the Goodwin model is modified by taking reactions to product market disequilibria into account. While shifts in income distribution between wages and profits remain the cycle maker, the modifications intensify the profit squeeze (and profit recovery) and thus speed up the cyclical process.
Le réalisme cognitif et l’avenir du “Modèle économique”
Authors: Favereau Olivier 
Published: September 2022

RésuméVan Parijs démontre que certains schémas d’explication fonctionnalistes ou évolutionnistes (par renforcement/accommodement) sont compatibles avec le schéma d’explication économique (fondements microéconomiques de la macroéconomie), à condition d’affaiblir la rationalité individuelle. Curieusement, Van Parijs refuse ce pas en avant vers le « Réalisme Cognitif » dans le cas du modèle économique, pour lequel il continue de recommander la conception optimisatrice de la rationalité individuelle. Cette contradiction a deux effets: elle coupe Van Parijs des interrogations actuelles sur les institutions, et elle enferme son travail dans la perspective ancienne de Friedman (1953).
Le paradigme rationaliste et ses compagnons. Réponse à Vromen et Favereau
Authors: Van Parijs Philippe 
Published: September 2022

RésuméLe modèle économique et ses rivaux accorde une importance centrale à la distinction entre un paradigme économique ou rationaliste, défini par l’agrégation d’actions rationnelles, et un paradigme évolutionnaire défini par un processus de renforcement. Vromen soutient que cette distinction est intenable, tandis que Favereau suggère que le paradigme rationaliste, tel qu’il est décrit, correspond à une étape friedmanienne de la théorie économique, qui arrive maintenant à son terme. Dans cette réponse, je soutiens que la distribution tient la route, et que le modèle rationaliste n’est pas solidaire de la méthodologie friedmanienne, mais que les deux défis indiquent d’intéressants nouveaux développements du projet de dégager la structure profonde des sciences sociales en général, et de la science économique en particulier, projet auquel « Le Modèle économique et ces rivaux » s’est efforcé de continuer.
Fiscalité, q de Tobin et investissement privé en Suisse
Authors: Zarin-Nejadan Milad 
Published: September 2022

RésuméCette contribution a pour objet d’élaborer un modèle mettant en relation la variable q de Tobin corrigée pour la fiscalité avec le taux d’accumulation du capital dans le but d’évaluer l’effet de l’incitation fiscale sur l’investissement privé en Suisse. L’estimation du modèle sur la base des données portant sur la période d’après-guerre révèle le rô1e mineur joué par la fiscalité dans le processus d’investissement en Suisse. Par ailleurs, d’après les rèsultats de la simulation du modèle sous divers scénarios de réforme fiscale, les instruments fiscaux employés en Suisse, à savoir la manipulation du taux d’imposition des bénéfices et des taux de dépréciation fiscalement admis paraissent relativement inefficaces. Par contre, un instrument direct comme le crédit d’impôt, jamais encore utilisé, témoigne d’une assez grande efficacité.
Mobilité interrégionale, réallocation de l’emploi et dynamique du chômage
Authors: Chéron Arnaud 
Published: September 2022

RésuméCet article analyse les implications de la réallocation géographique de la main-d’oeuvre sur la dynamique du chômage. On considère un modèle à deux régions où un processus d’appariement rend explicite la dynamique des flux sur le marché du travail. L’influence des déplacements de la main d’euvre sur le chômage est alors conditionnelle aux délais d’embauches et de migrations des travailleurs. On montre à partir d’une simulation dans le cas France-Allemagne que les flux migratoires ont un effet déstabilisant sur les dynamiques régionales du chômage: elles engendrent une relation positive entre le taux de chômage et le salaire au sein de chaque région.
Art experts and auctions Are pre-sale estimates unbiased and fully informative?
Authors: Bauwens Luc , Ginsburgh Victor 
Published: September 2022

SummaryPublic sales art catalogues include low and high pre-sale price estimates by experts. This makes it possible to analyze whether pre-sale estimates are unbiased predictors of realized prices. Unbiasedness is tested using a sample of some 1,600 lots of English silver auctioned by Christie’s and Sotheby’s. Results show that estimates are slightly (but significantly) biased and that experts do not use all the information that is available to them when they make their estimates.
Rules versus play in early modern art markets
Authors: de Marchi Neil , van Miegroet Hans J. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe paper identifies and tries to account for the forms taken in selected art markets for the selling of paintings, as a response to specific features and constraints in the local regulatory environment. Our analytical histories cover 15th century Bruges, 16th century Antwerp, 17th century Amsterdam, and early 18th century London and Paris. They yield some evidence that : (1) restrictive guilds did not succeed in stifling innovation. though innovators were forced to take indirect routes and to adopt forms not always the most efficient; (2) where circumstances allowed a choice of auction form (English or Dutch) the method selected matched the prior experience of buyers (low or high respectively) ; and (3) in the single instance where guilds were open to cooperation across skill categories this coincided with a series of marketing experiments and a range of novel products.
The Built Heritage : Some British Experience
Authors: Creigh-Tyte S.W. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis paper provides a brief overview of policy intervention mechanisms affecting the preservation of the historic environment in Britain. This covers half a million “listed buildings” in England alone. Within this policy framework, the paper then discusses stated preference valuation exercises on the built environment and the results of a long – term exercise comparing returns of listed and unlisted office properties in the UK since 1980.
Formation d’une entente dans un appel d’offres au premier prix et risque de détection exogène
Authors: Brisset Karine 
Published: September 2022

RésuméNous analysons le problème de la formation d’une entente entre soumissionnaires à un appel d’offres au premier prix confrontés au risque d’être détecté. Considérant qu’une entente peut être détectée dès qu’un offreur est dénoncé, notre objectif est de déterminer l’influence de ce risque sur la taille d’équilibre de l’entente. Deux critères de rationalité individuelle sont retenus. Premièrement, nous considérons qu’un offreur accepte d’entrer dans l’entente si et seulement son profit espéré est supérieur à celui qu’il aurait en restant en dehors. Lorsque le risque de dénonciation est trop important, nous montrons qu’aucune coalition ne peut se former. Considérant ensuite qu’un offreur accepte de participer à l’entente dès qu’il obtient un profit espéré supérieur à celui qu’il aurait en l’absence de toute coalition, nous montrons qu’une entente ne peut se former que si elle comprend un minimum d’offreurs lorsque le risque de dénonciation est élevé.
First Observation of Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves Inside Mirror Mode Structures in the Earth's Outer Magnetosphere
Authors: Chen Rui , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Chen Huayue , Wang Shui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves are one of the most common plasma waves in the Earth's magnetosphere, and they are considered to be excited by the electron loss‐cone distributions near the magnetic equator. Using the Magnetospheric Multiscale data, we report an unusual event of ECH waves at L = ∼12.4 and MLT = ∼16.0 hr, where the ECH waves are locally excited inside non‐propagating magnetic oscillations, that is, mirror mode structures. The observation reveals that the mirror mode structures are generated by anisotropic ions ( ∼ 1.3 – 1.7), and electron mirror loss‐cone distributions are formed due to the magnetic configuration of the mirror mode structures. Combing with the linear instability analysis, we confirm that the ECH waves are locally excited by the electron mirror loss‐cone distributions inside the mirror mode structures. Therefore, we propose that the mirror mode structures provide another potential source region for ECH waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Deriving Ionospheric Total Electron Content by VLBI Global Observing System Data Analysis During the CONT17 Campaign
Authors: Motlaghzadeh Sanam , Alizadeh M. Mahdi , Cappallo Roger , Heinkelmann Robert , Schuh Harald 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the new generation of geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), the VLBI global observing system (VGOS), and measurements carried out during the CONT17 campaign. It uses broadband technology that increases both the number and precision of observations. These characteristics make VGOS a suitable tool for studying the atmosphere. This study focuses on the effects of the ionosphere on VGOS signals using a model that incorporates and extends ideas originally published in Hobiger et al. (2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RS003297). Our investigation revealed that the differential total electron content (dTEC) data product calculated with the VGOS post‐processing software had a sign error that fortunately, does not change the final values of the phase and group delay. Therefore, this study was a way to identify this problem within the dTEC product. After diagnosing and solving this problem, the underlying model was modified such that instead of considering a single unknown for the latitude gradient of the ionosphere, a time series of latitude gradients were considered that enhanced the resulting vertical total electron content (VTEC) estimates. For evaluation purposes, time series of VTEC at each station during the CONT17 campaign were compared with VTEC obtained from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The final agreement between VGOS and GNSS was between 1.1 and 5.9 TEC units (TECU).
Measurements of Size and Electrical Charges Carried by Precipitation Particles During RELAMPAGO Field Campaign
Authors: Ávila Eldo , Martínez Lucia , Pereyra Rodolfo , Lang Timothy , Deierling Wiebke , Wingo Matthew , Melo Gregory , Medina Bruno 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe electrical charge carried by raindrops provides significant information about thunderstorm electrification mechanisms, since the charge acquired by hydrometeors is closely related to the microphysical processes that they undergo within clouds. Investigation of charges on raindrops was conducted during the Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Meso‐scale/micro‐scale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations field campaign. A newly designed instrument was used to determine simultaneously the fall velocity and charge for precipitating particles. Hydrometeor size and charge were measured in Córdoba city, Argentina, during electrified storms. Temporal series of size‐charge of single raindrops were recorded for two storms, which were also monitored with a Parsivel disdrometer and Lightning Mapping Array. The results show that the magnitude of the electric charges range between 1 and 50 pC and more than 90% of the charges are mainly carried by raindrops >1 mm, even though most of the raindrops are smaller than 1 mm. Furthermore, the measurement series show charged hydrometeors of both signs all the time. A correlation between the sizes and the charges carried by the raindrops was found in both storms.
Sahel Rainfall Projections Constrained by Past Sensitivity to Global Warming
Authors: Schewe Jacob , Levermann Anders 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAfrica's central Sahel region has experienced prolonged drought conditions in the past, while rainfall has recovered more recently. Global climate models project anything from no change to a strong wetting trend under unabated climate change; and they have difficulty reproducing the complex historical record. Here we show that when a period of dominant aerosol forcing is excluded, a consistent wetting response to greenhouse‐gas induced warming emerges in observed rainfall. Using the observed response coefficient estimate as a constraint, we find that Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate models with a realistic past rainfall response show a smaller spread, and higher median, of projected future rainfall change, compared to the full ensemble. In particular, very small or negative rainfall trends are absent from the constrained ensemble. Our results provide further evidence for a robust Sahel rainfall increase in response to greenhouse‐gas forcing, consistent with recent observations, and including the possibility of a very strong increase.
The Formation of Refractory Dissolved Organic Nitrogen From Free Amino Acids in the Ocean
Authors: Lu Kaijun , Liu Zhanfei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is actively involved in N cycling and transformation processes in the ocean, yet how this large N pool is formed remains elusive. Here we incubated 15N‐labeled individual amino acids (Ala, Val, and Phe) in seawater and monitored their fates over 21 days. About 25%–45% of Phe‐N and Val‐N were transformed to “uncharacterizable DON,” as compared to only about 6% for Ala‐N, indicating the formation of refractory DON is related to specific amino acids. Through a stable isotope probing approach, 5 Phe‐derived DON molecules from the incubations were found to be present in natural waters, and their possible structures were proposed. These results shed new lights on the formation mechanisms of refractory DON, including the roles of specific amino acids and particular chemical structures that may resist decomposition in millennial time scales.
Nocturnal Southerly Moist Surge Parallel to the Coastline Over the Western Bay of Bengal
Authors: Fujinami Hatsuki , Sato Tomonori , Kanamori Hironari , Kato Masaya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe role of the diurnal atmospheric circulation cycle around the eastern Indian subcontinent, leeward of the monsoon westerlies, on the hydroclimate of South Asia remains unknown. Here, we reveal that low‐level moist southerlies are greatly enhanced at night parallel to the coastline over the western Bay of Bengal (BoB), and then flow onto the Gangetic Plain enhancing onshore moisture flux and nocturnal precipitation over the Himalayas and the Meghalaya Plateau. This nocturnal surge is strongly controlled by the diurnal cycle of dynamic and thermodynamic effects around the subcontinent. At night, nocturnal westerly low‐level jets appear over the subcontinent. Strong low‐level southwesterly flow with a low‐level jet structure also appears parallel to the coastline over the western BoB, extending from the west of Sri Lanka. The low‐level westerlies from the subcontinent and the low‐level southwesterlies merge into a single strong southwesterly flow, forming the low‐level moist surge.
Abundant Nitrate and Nitric Acid Aerosol in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Lian Siying , Zhu Yunqian , Toon Owen B. , Höpfner Michael , Borrmann Stephan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe tropospheric and stratospheric nitrate aerosol is simulated by a sectional aerosol model coupled to the Community Earth System Model. The simulated nitrate mass fractional contribution to aerosols is significantly higher in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) than that at the surface. Both in situ measurements and simulations show that nitrate aerosol accounts for about 30%–40% of the aerosol mass at the tropopause of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region. Furthermore, simulated condensed nitric acid particles account for ∼20% of the annual mean aerosol mass at the tropical tropopause, and over 95% in the UTLS at the South Pole in June‐July‐August. Our study suggests that the extremely cold ambient conditions in the UTLS of the tropics, ASM and polar regions thermodynamically favor the condensation of ammonia and nitric acid. The widely distributed nitrate aerosol in the global UTLS may be overlooked by climate models.
Antarctic Bottom Water Warming and Circulation Slowdown in the Argentine Basin From Analyses of Deep Argo and Historical Shipboard Temperature Data
Authors: Johnson Gregory C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA decadal warming trend of 2.1 (±0.2) m°C yr−1 in Antarctic Bottom Water within the western Argentine Basin is found by comparing Deep Argo temperature profiles from 2021 to 2022 to nearby historical shipboard data from 1972 to 1998. This trend is similar in magnitude, but about 10 times more certain, than a previously published trend in the eastern Argentine Basin estimated using repeat hydrographic section data (World Ocean Circulation Experiment Section A16S) from 1989, 1995, and 2014. The present analysis also detects a warming rate in the coldest water entering the basin about double that in the interior. The observed reduction in deep meridional temperature gradient indicates a reduction in geostrophic shear, consistent with a reduced flow rate, and transport, of the coldest, deepest water entering the basin. The falling isotherms in the basin are consistent with an 0.6 × 106 m−3 s−1 reduction in inflow of the coldest waters to the basin.