bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury Trends for School Rugby Union in Ireland: The Need for Position-specific Injury-prevention Programs
Authors: Leahy Therese M. , Kenny Ian C. , Campbell Mark J. , Warrington Giles D. , Purtill Helen , Cahalan Roisin , Comyns Thomas M. , Harrison Andrew J. , Lyons Mark , Glynn Liam G. , O’Sullivan Kieran 
Published: March 2022

Background: Concern has been raised over the injury risk to school Rugby union (Rugby) players and the potential long-term health consequences. Despite the increase in studies for this cohort, the influence of playing position on injury incidence and presentation is unclear. Purpose: To describe the incidence, nature and severity of match injuries for school Rugby in Ireland overall, and as a function of playing position. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Data were collected from 15 male (aged 16-19 years) school Senior Cup teams across 2 seasons. In total, 339 players participated in season 1, whereas 326 players participated in season 2. Injury data were recorded onto a bespoke online platform. Match exposure was also recorded. Results: The incidence rate of match injuries (24-hour time loss) was 53.6 per 1000 hours. Across both seasons, 6810 days were lost from play due to injury. Forwards (65.4 per 1000 hours) sustained significantly more ( P < 0.05) injuries than backs (40.5 per 1000 hours). The head, shoulder, knee, and ankle were the most common injured body regions; however, forwards sustained significantly more ( P < 0.05) head and shoulder injuries than backs. The tackle was responsible for the majority of injuries in both groups. The highest proportion of injuries occurred during the third quarter. Conclusion: Clear differences in injury presentation and incidence were evident when comparing forwards versus backs. The high rate of head and shoulder injuries in the forwards suggest the need for more targeted injury-prevention strategies and further research on education and laws around the tackle event. The spike of injuries in the third quarter suggests that fatigue or inadequate half-time warm-up may be a contributing factor warranting further exploration. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates clear differences in injury presentation according to playing position in school Rugby and highlights the need for a more tailored approach to the design and implementation of injury-prevention strategies. Level of Evidence: Level 3
Is early mobilization necessary in isolated rotator cuff repair? Results of a prospective series of 1,200 cases
Authors: Dufournier Benjamin , Schlur Charles , Collin Philippe 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Non-healing of rotator cuff tears is estimated to be between 5 and 20%. Rehabilitation protocols vary. Some advocate early rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to verify whether rapid recovery of mobility was not associated with a higher rate of non-healing. Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective study. The primary inclusion criterion was first-line arthroscopic repair of an isolated complete cuff tear without retraction (Patte 1) or fatty degeneration (Goutallier - less than 2). It was the same surgeon, the same surgical technique (double row) and the same rehabilitation protocol (self-mobilization, hands together). Patients were seen again by an evaluator other than the surgeon. We analyzed passive elevation and external rotation (ER1) mobility and pain at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, active mobilities at 3 months and 6 months, and the Constant score at 6 months. Tendon healing was assessed at six months by ultrasound according to Sugaya’s classification (grouping 1/2/3 healed and 4/5 unhealed). Results: 1,200 patients were included, 101 were excluded (lost to follow-up or missing data at one of the reviews). The healing rate was 85.7%. We noted a statistically significant difference between the healed and unhealed groups for passive elevation at 6 weeks (128° vs 142° p <0.0001), passive ER1 (23°/32°, p <0.0001). As well as at 3 months for passive elevation (149°/155°, p = 0.0005) for ER1 (43°/48°, p = 0.0008). No difference in pain between the 2 groups (at each review) nor in the final Constant score (72.3 vs 70.2) Conclusion: Patients with poorer passive joint mobility at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively had a better healing rate at 6 months. This clear correlation is an indication that we should reflect on the earliness of rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair.
Speed of recovery after rotator cuff surgery: definition and predictive model
Authors: Billaud Anselme 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The speed of recovery after rotator cuff surgery is variable, poorly studied and has no precise definition. However, it is one of the questions often asked by our patients. It allows us to plan the postoperative follow-up and to determine whether sick leave is necessary. Methods: The objective of the study was to define the speed of recovery after rotator cuff surgery and to analyze the predictive factors. Prospective longitudinal follow-up of 135 rotator cuff surgery patients. Patients who missed one of the 3 scheduled appointments in the first 6 months were excluded. Patients were evaluated by Constant (CS), Quick-Dash (QD), SSV, VAS pain and VAS satisfaction scores. A regression model was used to estimate the speed of recovery (VITESS) for each patient expressed in CS points/month. Predictive factors included demographic, psychological, socio-professional, radiographic and surgical data. Results: 107 patients were included, 65 men and 42 women with a mean age of 55 years. The mean VITESS was 22 CS points/month (4.61 ± 12) which corresponds to a mean theoretical time of 2.7 months (1.15) to recover 60 CS points. Positive predictive factors were age >65 years, male gender, regular sports and a low preoperative QD score. Negative predictive factors were anxiety, sick leave (SL), a high QD score, suture involving the supraspinatus (SSP) and significant postoperative pain. The final multivariate model included SSP suture, QD, SL, and age >65 years (p <0.0001, R2 = 40). Conclusion: Recovery rate can be measured in CS points/month. This intuitive definition reflects the variability in patient recovery time. With a simple 4-parameter model, the consequences of a procedure can be estimated.
Agreement in anterior segment measurements between swept-source and Scheimpflug-based optical biometries in keratoconic eyes: a pilot study
Authors: Chalkiadaki Evangelia , Gartaganis Panos S. , Ntravalias Thomas , Giannakis Ioannis , Manousakis Evangelos , Karmiris Efthymios 
Published: March 2022

Background: Cataract surgery in keratoconic patients is challenging because of the corneal distortion, which can lead to inaccurate keratometry readings. This study is a comparison of the accuracy of keratometry readings by two types of devices in a tertiary hospital. Purpose: To evaluate the comparability of corneal power measurements, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and white-to-white (WTW) distance between Scheimpflug-based tomography (Pentacam AXL; OCULUS GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and swept-source optical biometry (IOLMaster 700; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) in patients with keratoconus. Methods: This pilot, prospective, interinstrument reliability study included 30 keratoconic eyes of 15 individuals who had not undergone any kind of corneal surgery. Standard K and total refractive power (TK®) of the flattest and steepest axes of the IOLMaster 700 were compared with the standard keratometry (SimK), true net power (TNP), equivalent keratometer readings (EKR), and total corneal refractive power (TCRP) of the Pentacam. The Bland–Altman analysis was used to evaluate the agreement between the measurements of both devices. The paired-samples t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed to compare the mean values of the variables obtained with the devices. Results: The K1 value of the IOLMaster 700 was significantly higher from EKR K1 along the 3-mm (mean difference: 0.79 diopters, p = 0.01), 4-mm (mean difference: 1.01 D, p = 0.01), and 4.5-mm zones (mean difference: 1.20 D, p = 0.01) and TNP K1 along the 3-mm (mean difference: 0.88 D, p < 0.001) and 4-mm zones (mean difference: 0.97 D, p < 0.001). The TK1 value was significantly higher from EKR K1 along the 2-mm (mean difference: 0.42 D, p = 0.04), 3-mm (mean difference: 0.83 D, p = 0.003), 4-mm (mean difference: 1.05 D, p = 0.004), and 4.5-mm zones (mean difference: 1.24 D, p = 0.005) and TNP K1 along the 3-mm (mean difference: 0.92 D, p < 0.001) and 4-mm zones (mean difference: 1.01 D, p < 0.001). The K2 value of the IOLMaster 700 was significantly higher from TK2 (mean difference: 0.11 D, p = 0.04) and all the corresponding variables of the Pentacam device. The TK2 value was significantly higher from all the corresponding variables of the Pentacam device. The Pentacam also yielded significantly lower values for the WTW distance (mean difference: 0.31 mm, p < 0.001) and no significant difference in terms of ACD values ( p = 0.9). Conclusion: The IOLMaster measured significantly greater keratometry readings in the steep axis for all the variables studied. The keratometry and WTW measurements of the investigated devices cannot be used interchangeably in keratoconus.
The regional cycle network of Sardinia: upgrading the accessibility of rural areas through a comprehensive island-wide cycle network
Authors: Scappini Beatrice , Zucca Veronica , Meloni Italo , Piras Francesco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Context
Cycling is a climate-friendly means of transport that enables people to reduce their use of motorized transport and makes human settlements more inclusive and resilient. In Italy, the development of cycling has recently been boosted by the approval of Law no. 2/2018, which makes it compulsory for all Italian regions to draw up a regional cycling mobility plan.

Objective
To meet this regulatory provision, the Region of Sardinia approved the Regional Plan for Cycling Mobility in December 2018. Drawn up by the Sardinian Regional Transport Agency and the transportation research group of the University of Cagliari, the plan aims to lay out a regional cycle network to promote the use of the bicycle as a means of transport for both every day and tourist–recreational needs. One of the main objectives of the plan is to make the inland areas of the island more accessible, as the development of such areas tends to have been neglected compared to the coastal areas linked to seaside tourism. Hence, the plan intends to contribute to the increase of tourist flows into rural areas, which can be a strategic segment of local development.

Results
By analysing the methodology adopted to lay out Sardinia’s regional cycle network, the aim of the current paper is to show how the planning of an integrated cycle network in an island context can improve sustainable mobility and accessibility in the rural areas through which it passes. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that many rural settlements along the routes of the planned cycle network are sufficiently near each other for people to travel between them by bicycle.

Conclusions
Therefore, the cycling infrastructure could prompt a sustainable increase in the accessibility and connectivity of inland areas and stimulate the formation of clusters of small, interconnected towns and villages.
Widely targeted analysis of metabolomic changes of Cucumis sativus induced by cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus
Authors: Zhang Zelong , He Haifang , Yan Minghui , Zhao Chenchen , Lei Caiyan , Li Jingjing , Yan Fengming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Plant metabolites play vital roles in regulating the behavior of herbivore insects. Virus infection can universally alter plant metabolites to manipulate the orientation and feeding behaviors of insect vector, to favor the transmission of virus. Thus, determining the differentially accumulated metabolites of plant upon virus infection could provide insights into understanding how the triple interactions among plant, virus and insect vector happens. Our previous studies have found that vector whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) showed different orientation behavior and performance on CCYV-infected and healthy cucumber plants. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) is exclusively transmitted by B. tabaci in a semi-persistent mode. In this study, we take the CCYV, B. tabaci and cucumber as a research system to explore the functions of phyto-metabolites in the triple interactions.

Results
A total of 612 metabolites changed upon CCYV infection were monitored. Metabolites mainly enriched in flavonoids, lipids, nucleotides and their derivatives. At 7 days post CCYV inoculation (dpi), the contents of lipids, terpenoids and flavonoids remarkably decreased, while amino acids, nucleotides and their derivatives notably up-accumulated. At 15 dpi, the accumulation of flavonoids were still significantly reduced upon CCYV infection, while lipids, amino acids, nucleotides and derivatives were remarkably enhanced. Most of significantly increased metabolites were lipids (lysophosphatidylethanolamine, LPE; lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC and their isomers). Also, the number of significantly changed metabolites increased with the infection period. However, only a few organic acids and phenolic acids showed difference between CCYV-infected and healthy cucumber plants.

Conclusions
CCYV infection repressed the defensive flavonoids, terpeneoids metabolism but triggered the lipids, amino acids and nucleotides metabolism with the inoculation period. This result suggests that CCYV-infection makes cucumber plants more susceptible for whiteflies attack and CCYV infection. The reduction of defensive comounds and the increase of amino acids may be partially responsible for enhancing feeding preference of whiteflies to CCYV-infected hosts. CCYV may hijacked lipid metabolism for virus replication and assembly.
Nomogram for predicting risk factor of urosepsis in patients with diabetes after percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Gu Jie , Liu Jun , Hong Yang , Feng Yi , Huang Xiaobo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Urosepsis is an infectious complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This study aimed to analyze the perioperative factors related to urosepsis after PCNL for upper urinary calculi and establish a nomogram to predict the probability of postoperative urosepsis based on the risk factors.

Methods
The Clinical data of one-stage PCNL for upper urinary stones in patients already diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between June 2010 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether urosepsis occurred after surgery, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses evaluated the risk factors for urosepsis. Moreover, the corresponding nomogram prediction model was determined by the regression coefficient.

Results
All 366 patients with diabetes underwent one-stage PCNL. Seventy-one (19.4%) patients had urosepsis after surgery, and their hospitalization time was longer than that of patients without urosepsis. Moreover, the incidence of non-infection-related complications was higher. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed four independent risk factors associated with postoperative urosepsis, including positive urine nitrite (odds ratio [OR] = 3.326, P = 0.007), positive urine culture (OR = 2.213, P = 0.023), intraoperative hypotension (OR = 8.968, P < 0.001), and staghorn calculi (OR = 3.180, P = 0.002). The above independent risk factors were used as variables to construct the nomogram. The nomogram model was internally validated. The calculated concordance index was 0.824. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was performed (P = 0.972 > 0.05). The area under the curve of this model was 0.831, indicating that the nomogram model had good accuracy in predicting the probability of urosepsis in patients who underwent PCNL with diabetes and had good consistency with the actual risk.

Conclusion
Positive urine culture, positive urine nitrite, staghorn calculi, and intraoperative hypotension were independent risk factors for urosepsis in patients who underwent one-stage PCNL with diabetes. The new nomogram could accurately assess the risk of urosepsis after PCNL in patients with diabetes.
Subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation improves autonomic dysfunctions in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Feng , Li Cong-Hui , Wang Ji-Wei , Han Chun-Lei , Fan Shi-Ying , Gao Dong-Mei , Xing Yu-Jing , Yang Chen , Zhang Jian-Guo , Meng Fan-Gang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To study the effects of subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on autonomic dysfunctions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.

Methods
A total of 57 PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS from March to December 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Preplanned assessments at baseline and postoperatively at 1, 3, and 6 months also included the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease-Autonomic questionnaire (SCOPA-Aut), the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score, levodopa equivalent day dose (LEDD), Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD).

Results
The SCOPA-Aut scores improved significantly [14.59% (18.32%), 24.00% (27.05%), 22.16% (27.07%), all P < 0.001] at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of STN-DBS, respectively. Analysis of the SCOPA-Aut sub-items showed significant improvements only in urine and thermoregulation sub-items at 6 months after surgery (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between improvements of SCOPA-Aut scores and improvements of PDQ-39 scores (P > 0.05) at 6 months after surgery. SCOPA-Aut scores were positively correlated with age (r = 0.428, P = 0.001); the improvements of SCCOPA-Aut scores were positively correlated with improvements of HAMA and HAMD scores (HAMA: r = 0.325, P = 0.015; HAMD: r = 0.265, P = 0.049) at 6 months after surgery.

Conclusion
STN-DBS improved autonomic dysfunction symptoms of PD patients, and urinary and thermoregulatory sub-items of autonomic dysfunction were improved in the short-term after surgery. There was a close relationship between improved autonomic symptoms and improved anxiety and depression 6 months after surgery. We should therefore direct more attention to autonomic dysfunctions in PD involving detailed preoperative evaluations and postoperative follow-ups, to improve the quality of life of patients.
The impact of assisted reproductive technology in twin pregnancies complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis: a five-year retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Qianwen , Xu Yu , Gong Yunhui , Liu Xinghui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is one of the common complications during pregnancy, and ursodeoxycholic acid has been recommended as the first-line drug. However, if the assisted reproductive technology may increase adverse perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis is disputed, we aimed to investigate perinatal outcomes between twin pregnancies by assisted reproductive technology versus spontaneous conception, based on these women accepted ursodeoxycholic acid treatment.

Methods
From January 2014 to January 2019, we retrospectively analysed the clinical data of twin pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis, excluding those who did not receive ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. In total, 864 women were included, among whom 500 conceived by assisted reproductive technology and 364 conceived by spontaneous conception. The primary assessment for perinatal outcomes included premature birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, low Apgar score, neonatal intensive care unit and still birth, and secondary indicators were serum bile acid and liver enzymes level during medication, so we also finished subgroup analysis based on different elevated bile acid level and drug usage. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0.

Results
The study demonstrated that compared to spontaneous conception, assisted reproductive technology conceived twin pregnancies diagnosed as intrahepatic cholestasis earlier (p = 0.003), and lower birth weight (p = 0.001), less incidence of preterm delivery (p = 0.000) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (p = 0.001), but the rate of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, low Apgar score and still birth have no statistic differences. Moreover, the subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in elevated bile acid levels and medication between assisted reproductive technology and spontaneous conception groups.

Conclusions
The assisted reproductive technology may increase the risk of early-onset intrahepatic cholestasis in twin pregnancies, but it does not seem to increase adverse effects on bile acid levels and perinatal outcomes. Regardless of ursodeoxycholic acid used alone or combination, the effect of bile acid reduction and improving perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies is limited. Our conclusions still need more prospective randomized controlled studies to confirm.
A preliminary study on the diagnostic value of PSADR, DPC and TSRP in the distinction of prostatitis and prostate cancer
Authors: He Minxin , Wang Li , Wang Hong , Liu Fang , Li Mingrui , Chong Tie , Xue Li 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of differential diagnosis of prostate specific antigen decline rate (PSADR) per week, degree of prostatic collapse (DPC) and tissue signal rate of prostate (TSRP) between prostatitis and prostate cancer.

Methods
The clinical data of 92 patients [prostate specific antigen (PSA) > 10 ng/mL] who underwent prostate biopsy in the Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ’an Jiaotong University from May 2017 to April 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. They were divided into two groups, prostatitis group (n = 42) and prostate cancer (PCa) group (n = 50), according to pathological results. Parameters, like patient characteristics, PSADR, DPC, TSRP and infectious indicators, were compared and analyzed by t test or non-parametric test to identify if there were significant differences. The thresholds of parameters were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and the data were analyzed to investigate the diagnostic value in distinguishing of prostatitis and prostate cancer.

Results
There were statistical differences in age, PSADR, DPC, TSRP, neutrophil percentage in serum, white blood cell (WBC) in urine and prostate volume between prostatitis group and PCa group (P < 0.001, < 0.001, = 0.001, 0.001, 0.024, 0.014, < 0.001 respectively). There was no statistical difference in serum WBC count, serum neutrophil count, monocyte percentage and urine bacterial count between two groups (P = 0.089, 0.087, 0.248, 0.119, respectively). Determined by ROC curve, when the thresholds of PSADR per week as 3.175 ng/mL/week, DPC as 1.113, TSRP as 2.708 were cutoffs of distinguishing prostatitis and prostate cancer. When combining these three indexes to diagnose, the accuracy rate of diagnosis of prostatitis was 78.85%, the accuracy rate of diagnosis of prostate cancer was 97.50%. Univariate analysis suggested that PSADR, DPC and TSRP played an important role in differentiating prostate cancer from prostatitis (P < 0.05), multivariate analysis suggested PSADR > 3.175 might be good indicators when distinguishing prostate disease with prostatitis (OR = 14.305, 95%CI = 3.779 ~ 54.147), while DPC > 1.113 and TSRP > 2.708 might be associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer (OR = 0.151, 95%CI = 0.039 ~ 0.588; OR = 0.012, 95%CI = 0.005 ~ 0.524, respectively).

Conclusion
The combination of PSADR per week, DPC, and TSRP might be helpful to distinguish prostate cancer and prostatitis, and can reduce unnecessary invasive and histological procedure.