bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who are the patients being offered the faecal immunochemical test in routine English general practice, and for what symptoms? A prospective descriptive study
Authors: Calanzani Natalia , Pannebakker Merel M , Tagg Max J , Walford Hugo , Holloway Peter , de Wit Niek , Hamilton Willie , Walter Fiona M 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe faecal immunochemical test (FIT) was introduced to triage patients with lower-risk symptoms of colorectal cancer (CRC) in English primary care in 2018. While there is growing evidence on its utility to triage patients in this setting, evidence is still limited on how official FIT guidance is being used, for which patients and for what symptoms. We aimed to investigate the use of FIT in primary care practice for lower-risk patients who did not immediately meet criteria for urgent referral.DesignA prospective, descriptive study of symptomatic patients offered a FIT in primary care between January and June 2020.SettingEast of England general practices.ParticipantsConsenting patients (aged ≥40 years) who were seen by their general practitioners (GPs) with symptoms of possible CRC for whom a FIT was requested. We excluded patients receiving a FIT for asymptomatic screening purposes, or patients deemed by GPs as lacking capacity for informed consent. Data were obtained via patient questionnaire, medical and laboratory records.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFIT results (10 µg Hb/g faeces defined a positive result); patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; patient-reported and GP-recorded symptoms, symptom severity and symptom agreement between patient and GP (% and kappa statistics).ResultsComplete data were available for 310 patients, median age 70 (IQR 61–77) years, 53% female and 23% FIT positive. Patients most commonly reported change in bowel habit (69%) and fatigue (57%), while GPs most commonly recorded abdominal pain (25%) and change in bowel habit (24%). Symptom agreement ranged from 44% (fatigue) to 80% (unexplained weight loss). Kappa agreement was universally low across symptoms.ConclusionAlmost a quarter of this primary care cohort of symptomatic patients with FIT testing were found to be positive. However, there was low agreement between patient-reported and GP-recorded symptoms. This may impact cancer risk assessment and optimal patient management in primary care.
What molecular imaging of cancer patients can teach us about COVID-19
Authors: Del Vecchio Silvana , Terlizzi Cristina , Pellegrino Sara , Altobelli Giovanna G. , Fonti Rosa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on health systems and cancer care worldwide. Patients with cancer who develop COVID-19 are at high risk of severe outcomes and clarifying the determinants of such vulnerability of cancer patients would be of great clinical benefit. While the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been elucidated, the pathogenetic pathways leading to severe manifestations of the disease are largely unknown. Critical manifestations of COVID-19 mainly occur in elderly patients and in patients with serious comorbidities including cancer. Efforts to understand the intersection of pathways between severe manifestations of COVID-19 and cancer may shed light on the pathogenesis of critical illness in COVID-19 patients. Here, we will focus our attention on two major fields of potential intersection between COVID-19 and cancer, namely the dysfunction of immune system and the prothrombotic state that can occur in both COVID-19 and cancer patients, testing whether cancer imaging can provide clues to better understand such interactions.
Graphical abstract
On the Reconstruction of Geodesic Subspaces of ℝN
Authors: Fasy Brittany Terese , Komendarczyk Rafal , Majhi Sushovan , Wenk Carola 
Published: September 2022

We consider the topological and geometric reconstruction of a geodesic subspace of [Formula: see text] both from the Čech and Vietoris-Rips filtrations on a finite, Hausdorff-close, Euclidean sample. Our reconstruction technique leverages the intrinsic length metric induced by the geodesics on the subspace. We consider the distortion and convexity radius as our sampling parameters for the reconstruction problem. For a geodesic subspace with finite distortion and positive convexity radius, we guarantee a correct computation of its homotopy and homology groups from the sample. This technique provides alternative sampling conditions to the existing and commonly used conditions based on weak feature size and [Formula: see text]–reach, and performs better under certain types of perturbations of the geodesic subspace. For geodesic subspaces of [Formula: see text], we also devise an algorithm to output a homotopy equivalent geometric complex that has a very small Hausdorff distance to the unknown underlying space.
Computing Wiener and Hyper-Wiener Indices of Zero-Divisor Graph of

ℤ

ℊ

3

×

ℤ

I

1

I

2
Authors: Liu Yonghong , Rauf Abdul , AdnanAslam  , Ishaq Saira , Issa Abudulai 
Published: September 2022

Let

S
=

ℤ

ℊ

3

×

ℤ

I

1

I

2

be a commutative ring where

ℊ
,

I

1

and

I

2

are positive prime integers with

I

1

≠

I

2

. The zero-divisor graph assigned to S is an undirected graph, denoted as

Y

S

with vertex set V(

Y

(S)) consisting of all Zero-divisor of the ring S and for any c, d

∈

V(

Y

(S)),

c
d
∈
E

Y

S

if and only if cd =0. A topological index/descriptor is described as a topological-invariant quantity that transforms a molecular graph into a mathematical real number. In this paper, we have computed distance-based polynomials of

Y

R

i-e Hosoya polynomial, Harary polynomial, and the topological indices related to these polynomials namely Wiener index, and Hyper-Wiener index.
African Ancestry–Associated Gene Expression Profiles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Underlie Altered Tumor Biology and Clinical Outcome in Women of African Descent
Authors: Martini Rachel , Delpe Princesca , Chu Timothy R. , Arora Kanika , Lord Brittany , Verma Akanksha , Bedi Deepa , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Elhussin Isra , Chen Yalei , Gebregzabher Endale , Oppong Joseph K. , Adjei Ernest K. , Jibril Suleiman Aisha , Awuah Baffour , Muleta Mahteme Bekele , Abebe Engida , Kyei Ishmael , Aitpillah Frances S. , Adinku Michael O. , Ankomah Kwasi , Osei-Bonsu Ernest Baawuah , Chitale Dhananjay A. , Bensenhaver Jessica M. , Nathanson David S. , Jackson LaToya , Petersen Lindsay F. , Proctor Erica , Stonaker Brian , Gyan Kofi K. , Gibbs Lee D. , Monojlovic Zarko , Kittles Rick A. , White Jason , Yates Clayton C. , Manne Upender , Gardner Kevin , Mongan Nigel , Cheng Esther , Ginter Paula , Hoda Syed , Elemento Olivier , Robine Nicolas , Sboner Andrea , Carpten John D. , Newman Lisa , Davis Melissa B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Women of sub-Saharan African descent have disproportionately higher incidence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and TNBC-specific mortality across all populations. Population studies show racial differences in TNBC biology, including higher prevalence of basal-like and quadruple-negative subtypes in African Americans (AA). However, previous investigations relied on self-reported race (SRR) of primarily U.S. populations. Due to heterogeneous genetic admixture and biological consequences of social determinants, the true association of African ancestry with TNBC biology is unclear. To address this, we conducted RNA sequencing on an international cohort of AAs, as well as West and East Africans with TNBC. Using comprehensive genetic ancestry estimation in this African-enriched cohort, we found expression of 613 genes associated with African ancestry and 2,000+ associated with regional African ancestry. A subset of African-associated genes also showed differences in normal breast tissue. Pathway enrichment and deconvolution of tumor cellular composition revealed that tumor-associated immunologic profiles are distinct in patients of African descent.

Significance:
Our comprehensive ancestry quantification process revealed that ancestry-associated gene expression profiles in TNBC include population-level distinctions in immunologic landscapes. These differences may explain some differences in race–group clinical outcomes. This study shows the first definitive link between African ancestry and the TNBC immunologic landscape, from an African-enriched international multiethnic cohort.
See related commentary by Hamilton et al., p. 2496.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
Everolimus-Eluting Stents or Bypass Surgery for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Extended Follow-Up Outcomes of Multicenter Randomized Controlled BEST Trial
Authors: Ahn Jung-Min , Kang Do-Yoon , Yun Sung-Cheol , Ho Hur Seung , Park Hun-Jun , Tresukosol Damras , Chol Kang Woong , Moon Kwon Hyuck , Rha Seung-Woon , Lim Do-Sun , Jeong Myung-Ho , Lee Bong-Ki , Huang He , Hyo Lim Young , Ho Bae Jang , Ok Kim Byung , Kiam Ong Tiong , Gyun Ahn Sung , Chung Cheol-Hyun , Park Duk-Woo , Park Seung-Jung , Ahn Jung-Min , Kang Do-Yoon , Yun Sung-Cheol , Park Duk-Woo , Chung Cheol-Hyun , Park Seung-Jung , Ho Hur Seung , Park Hun-Jun , Tresukosol Damras , Kang Woong Chol , Kwon Hyuck Moon , Lim Do-Sun , Rha Seung-Woon , Jeong Myung-Ho , Lee Bong-Ki , Huang He , Lim Young Hyo , Bae Jang Ho , Kim Byung Ok , Ong Tiong Kiam , Ahn Sung Gyun , Yang Tae-Hyun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Jang Ji-Yong , Park Jong-Seon , Ge JunBo , Lee Sung Yun , Kim Jun-Hong , Cho Jang-Hyun , Choi Yun Seok , Park Gyung-Min , Zambahari Robaaya 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Long-term comparative outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with everolimus-eluting stents and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are limited in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.

Methods:
This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 27 international heart centers and was designed to randomly assign 1776 patients with angiographic multivessel coronary artery disease to receive PCI with everolimus-eluting stents or CABG. After inclusion of 880 patients (438 in the PCI group and 442 in the CABG group) between July 2008 and September 2013, the study was terminated early because of slow enrollment. The primary end point was the composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization.

Results:

During a median follow-up of 11.8 years (interquartile range, 10.6–12.5 years; maximum, 13.7 years), the primary end point occurred in 151 patients (34.5%) in the PCI group and 134 patients (30.3%) in the CABG group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18 [95% CI, 0.88–1.56];
P
=0.26). No significant differences were seen in the occurrence of a safety composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke between groups (28.8% and 27.1%; HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.75–1.53];
P
=0.70), as well as the occurrence of death from any cause (20.5% and 19.9%; HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.65–1.67];
P
=0.86). However, spontaneous myocardial infarction (7.1% and 3.8%; HR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.06–3.27];
P
=0.031) and any repeat revascularization (22.6% and 12.7%; HR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.58–2.32];
P
<0.001) were more frequent after PCI than after CABG.

Conclusions:
In patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, there were no significant differences between PCI and CABG in the incidence of major adverse cardiac events, the safety composite end point, and all-cause mortality during the extended follow-up.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT05125367 and NCT00997828.
On the Relative Importance of Stratospheric and Tropospheric Drivers for the North Atlantic Jet Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events
Authors: Afargan-Gerstman Hilla , Jiménez-Esteve Bernat , Domeisen Daniela I. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Roughly two-thirds of the observed sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events are followed by an equatorward shift of the tropospheric jet in the North Atlantic, while the other events generally show a poleward shift. It is however not resolved which drivers lead to the large inter-event variability in the surface impact. Using an intermediate complexity atmospheric model, we analyze the contribution of different factors to the downward response: polar cap geopotential height anomalies in the lower stratosphere, downstream influence from the northeastern Pacific, and local tropospheric conditions in the North Atlantic at the time of the initial response. As in reanalysis, an equatorward shift of the North Atlantic jet is found to occur for two-thirds of SSWs in the model. We find that around 40% of the variance of the tropospheric jet response after SSW events can be explained by the lower stratosphere geopotential height anomalies, while around 25% can be explained by zonal wind anomalies over the northeastern Pacific region. Local Atlantic conditions at the time of the SSW onset are also found to contribute to the surface response. To isolate the role of the stratosphere from tropospheric variability, we use model experiments where the zonal mean stratospheric winds are nudged toward climatology. When stratospheric variability is suppressed, the Pacific influence is found to be weaker. These findings shed light on the contribution of the stratosphere to the diverse downward impacts of SSW events, and may help to improve the predictability of tropospheric jet variability in the North Atlantic.
Preparation and properties of benzoxazine precursors containing siloxane units and their epoxy copolymers
Authors: Liu Lele , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin 
Published: September 2022

Four siloxane benzoxazines containing different rigid segments were successfully synthesized and characterized herein, including a benzene ring, a biphenyl, a naphthalene ring, and a diphenyl sulfone group. Different rigid segments had different effects on polymer properties. The introduction of the naphthalene ring and sulfone group considerably reduced the curing temperature of benzoxazine. Although the benzoxazine with the naphthalene ring exhibited low heat resistance, all the four samples showed a high char yield at 800°C under nitrogen atmosphere. In addition, during copolymerization with AG-80 epoxy, the introduction of epoxy promoted the curing of the benzoxazines containing the naphthalene ring and sulfone group. The heat resistance of all copolymers was considerably improved, especially for the copolymer containing the naphthalene ring, whose 5% thermal weight loss temperature ( Td5) increased from 248°C to 321°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The copolymer containing the biphenyl structure had the highest glass transition temperature, reaching 259.1°C. Copolymerization with epoxy also considerably improved the tensile strength and elongation at break of the copolymers, which were much higher than those of traditional bisphenol A-aniline based benzoxazine (BA-a). Compared with the neat benzoxazine prepared using siloxane and bisphenol A, the developed copolymers also had better tensile properties, and the copolymer containing the sulfone group showed the greatest improvement (from 49 to 69 MPa, from 3.1% to 9.12%).
A re-audit of individuals with a late diagnosis of HIV in 2016 and 2019 in Greater Manchester
Authors: Boardman Emily , Tomkins Andrew , Babu Chitra 
Published: September 2022

Background New late HIV diagnosis (CD4 count <350cells/mm3) are higher in North West England compared to the UK average. A Greater Manchester-wide audit into individuals diagnosed with late or very late HIV was conducted in 2016 and re-audited in 2019. Our aim was to gain intelligence into key demographics of late diagnosed individuals across Greater Manchester, review opportunities for earlier diagnosis and determine if key recommendations from the 2016 audit were followed. Methods Individuals were identified from locally kept data or HIV and AIDS Reporting System (HARS) data. A retrospective case note review was performed for each patient using data from local notes, General Practice summary of care records and relevant clinical letters. Data was collected for 2019 and compared to 2016 results. Results In 2016, nine departments contributed data and 104 individuals were identified as having been diagnosed late. In 2019, seven departments contributed data and 65 individuals were identified as having been diagnosed late. In both years, a greater proportion of males diagnosed late were White British and for females Black African. A greater proportion of late diagnosis occurred in men who have sex with men (MSM) and in heterosexual females. In 2019, a greater proportion of patients had an AIDS-defining illness at time of diagnosis. Whilst in 2016, most patients were asymptomatic. Over one third of patients had a clinical indicator disease in their past medical history, which is an increase in proportion from 2016. The proportion of cases where clinicians felt that there had been probable missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis also increased in 2019. Conclusions There are continued missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis. We recommend targeted interventions for groups at higher risk of late presentation, education in primary/secondary care regarding clinical indicator conditions, a formal review process for all late diagnosed cases, communication with primary/secondary care if missed opportunities are identified and broader HIV testing especially in high prevalence areas.
Commentary: The Changing Face of Dentistry
Authors: LeResche L. 
Published: September 2022

The articles in this issue represent the final reports of 4 panels convened for the 2021 Arcora Distinguished Professorship in Dentistry Symposium at the University of Washington under the theme, “The Changing Face of Dentistry.” The articles provide a range of perspectives on broad social, economic, and technological trends that have implications for the future of dentistry, defined as including not only dental practice but also dental education, organized dentistry, and dental research. Some common trends were identified in multiple groups, but the perspectives on these trends differed from group to group and sometimes even among panel members in the same group. In this Commentary, I briefly summarize and comment on the findings of each panel, then discuss and provide perspectives on 7 common themes addressed by multiple groups: acceleration of technological change; remote care/teledentistry; disparities and inequities in health and access to health care; the aging population and increased number of persons with multiple chronic conditions; convergence of data science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning; integration of dental and medical primary care; and changing payment systems, including value-based care. Finally, the implications of these findings for translational research are discussed. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This article reviews social, economic, and technological trends affecting the future of dentistry. These trends have important implications for the training of dentists and the organization of dental care with the aim of improving the oral health of the public. Clinical and translational research has an essential role to play in developing the interventions and evidence base for these improvements.
Optimization of differentiation protocols of dental tissues stem cells to pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Aly Riham M. , Aglan Hadeer A. , Eldeen Ghada Nour , Ahmed Hanaa H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the recent progress in the differentiation strategies of stem cells into pancreatic beta cell lineage, current protocols are not optimized for different cell types. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the ability of stem cells derived from dental pulp (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament (PDLSCs) as two anatomically different dental tissues to differentiate into pancreatic beta cells while assessing the most suitable protocol for each cell type.

Methods
DPSCs & PDLSCs were isolated and characterized morphologically and phenotypically and then differentiated into pancreatic beta cells using two protocols. Differentiated cells were assessed by qRT-PCR for the expression of pancreatic related markers Foxa-2, Sox-17, PDX-1, Ngn-3, INS and Gcg. Functional assessment of differentiation was performed by quantification of Insulin release via ELISA.

Results
Protocol 2 implementing Geltrex significantly enhanced the expression levels of all tested genes both in DPSCs & PDLSCs. Both DPSCs & PDLSCs illustrated improved response to increased glucose concentration in comparison to undifferentiated cells. Moreover, DPSCs demonstrated an advanced potency towards pancreatic lineage differentiation over PDLSCs under both protocols.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the current study reports the promising potential of dental derived stem cells in differentiating into pancreatic lineage through selection of the right protocol.
Drug-related problems and its predictors among hospitalized heart failure patients at Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: prospective interventional study
Authors: Sefera Birbirsa , Getachew Mestawet , Babu Yadeta , Bekele Firomsa , Fanta Korinan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Drug-related problems are associated with high mortality, complications, prolonged hospital stay, compromised quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. This problem is high in patients hospitalized with chronic conditions such as heart failure. However, there are limited studies conducted on this area, particularly in Ethiopia.

Objective
To evaluate drug-related problems, their predictors, and clinical pharmacist intervention among hospitalized heart failure patients at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia.

Methods and participants
A prospective interventional study was conducted among hospitalized heart failure patients from September 30, 2020, to May 28, 2021, at Jimma Medical Center. Drug-related problems were sorted based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe drug classification tool version 9.0. Patient's specific data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using statistical software package version 23.0. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of drug-related problems occurrence and statistical significance was considered at a p value < 0.05.

Results
A total of 237 heart failure patients were included in this study. The mean (SD) age was 49.06 + 17.79. About two-thirds (66.2%) of study patients had at least one drug-related problem during their hospital stay. A total of 283 drug-related problems were identified among 157 patients. Treatment effectiveness-related problem (55.48%) was the most common observed drug-related problem. The independent predictors of drug-related problems were khat chewing [AOR = 3.25, 95% CI = (1.46–7.23)], hospital stay > 18 days [AOR = 3.77, 95% CI = (1.93–7.37)]; presence of comorbid condition [AOR = 2.59, 95% CI = (1.35–4.96)] and polypharmacy [AOR = 2.94, 95% CI = (1.54–5.61)].

Conclusion
The prevalence of drug-related problems was high among hospitalized heart failure patients in the study area. Chewing khat, prolonged hospital stay, comorbidity, and polypharmacy were the predictors of drug-related problems. Hence, to overcome these problems, clinical pharmacists, physicians, and other health professionals have to work in collaboration.