bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planting Time Application of Temik for Aphid Control on Winter Wheat in Montana, 1985-86
Authors: Wayne Brewer J. , Jackson Grant D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Temik 15G was_evaluated as a planting time applicaiton for aphid control at the Central Montana Agricultural Research Center, Moccasin, Montana. Plots were planted 31 Oct ‘85 with treatment rates of 0.5 and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre. About 5 g of soil mixed with the insecticide and seed to improve metering through the cone planter. Plots consisted of 3 rows (12 inches between rows) 20 ft long replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Plots were evaluated 9 and 23 Jul ‘86 by examining all plants in 1 m of row for tiller production, winter kill, and populations of aphids and ladybird beetles. At harvest yield and test weight of the grain was determined.
Control of Russian Wheat with Hand-Applied Insecticides, Springfield, Co, 1986
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were 6 rows wide and 50 ft long, uid were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 11 Apr with a CO2 powered sprayer calibrated to apply 26 gpa at 80 psi through 4 flat fan 8006 nozzles mounted on a 6 ft handheld boom. Treatments were evaluated on 18 and 24 Apr. The crop was in Feekes growth stage 7 at time of application. Percent control was calculated by the Henderson and Tilton method.
White Grub Control in Kentucky Bluegrass, California, 1986
Authors: Ali A. D. , Garcia J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a golf course fairway in Apple V alley, California. Experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Plot size was 5 x 20 ft. Granular formulations were shaken from a glass jar manually c ver the plots. Liquids were applied with a Solo® knapsack sprayer using a hollow cone nozzle at 32 psi, and a 6 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Immediately after application, treatments were watered-in with 1 inch of water. Pretreatment grub density was determined on 4 Sep by cutting 51ft. X 1 ft. X 3 in. randomly sslected sections in the sod in each plot and counting the number of grubs. Insecticide treatments were applied at the same date. Posttreatment grub density v/as determined in the same manner on 18 Sept.
Apple, Evaluation of Dimilin for Spotted Tentiform Leafminer Control, 1986
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted in a 1.2 acre block of mixed varieties. The block was split into 2 equal sections. Two trees at the corner of one section were left untreated and served as controls. Six trees were chosen in each section for monitoring STLM. Treatments were applied using the alternate-row middle technique with a Bean airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 GPA at 2 mph. Spray dates were timed to coincide with adult emergence and oviposition period for both first (14 and 24 Apr) and second (10 and 18 Jun) broods. A routine fungicide (Dithane M45) and insecticide (Lorsban, Guthion, and Penncap M) schedule was maintained during the course of the experiment. The effect of Dimilin on STLM was evaluated by counting mines observed during a 5-min. examination per tree.
Spring Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Johnstown, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen insecticide treatments were applied on 23 Apr for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The rough consisted of annual bluegrass (50%), Kentucky bluegrass (20%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 6 x 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with four 8504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 35 psi with a 5 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker, and they were mixed with a fine grade of calcined clay top dressing (Terragreen) to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 62°F; soil temp, 50°F; % RH, 42; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil type, loam; % soil moisture, 24; soil pH, 4.8; % organic matter, 4.4; water pH, mildly acidic; amount of rainfall occurring over the posttreatment period, 1.9 inches Posttreatment counts were made 28 DAT (21 May). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded. An average of 15 Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded 23 Apr.
Fall Control of White Grubs with Insecticides on a Long Island Golf Course, 1986
Authors: Villani M. G. , Wright R. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were applied to a rough at the Huntington Country Club, Long Island, NY on 3 Sep for control of a mixed population of Japanese beetle, Oriental beetle, and northerr masked chafer grubs. The rough consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (30%), annual bluegrass (35%), bentgrass (20%), and broadleaf weeds (15%). Thatch wa;. minimal within the test plot (&lt;.25 in.). The experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft by 10 ft. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Gandy 2.5 spreader. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied with 11.4 liters (3 gal) of water through a watering can. All liquid applications were made in 2 directions within each plot. At treatment time the following environmental conditions existed: aii temp, 64°F; soil temp (3 inch), 67°F; soil pH, 5.22; water pH, 6.28; soil moisture, 15%. Approximately 0.2 inch of rain fell during and after insecticide application, and ca. 0.5 inch of water was applied through sprinklers the day of application. Posttreatment counts were taken 60 days later (23 Oct) by cutting a 1 ft by 10 ft strip (2.25 inches deep) lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical sod cutter and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Three 1-ft2 samples of sod were examined in each plot and the no. of surviving grubs were counted. Species identification were made in the field. At this time Japanese beetles were predominantly third instars, with some second instars; Oriental beetle and northern masked chafer grubs were all third instars.
Efficacy of Several Insecticides Against Asiatic Garden Beetle, Massachusetts, 1986
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticides were applied to an airport turf area, maintained at 3 to 4 inch, on 15 Apr. Granular formulations were applied by hand shaking from a glass jar with a perforated lid. Liquid formulations were applied with 3 qt water in a watering can. All applications were made in 2 (perpendicular) directions within each 8-ft by 8-ft plot. All tests were replicated 5 times in a CRB design. It was raining at the time of application and the test area received 1.5 inch rain within 24 hours after the application was completed. Plots were sampled 5 Jun. Two 1-sq-ft sections of sod, each ca. 4 inch deep, were removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.
Control of Second Instar Beet Armyworm Larvae on Chrysanthemum, Summer, California, 1986
Authors: Yoshida H. A. , Garcia J. M. , Ali A. D. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two rates of Dimilin 25W were evaluated for control of second instar beet armyworm larvae. Ten 4-week-old chrysanthemum plants were used per treatment. Plants were sprayed with a 1 gal B&G hand sprayer at 55 psi until runoff 3 Sep. After the plants were allowed to dry, 5 second instar beet armyworm larvae were placed on each plant. The larvae were confined to the plants using an inverted, ventilated 1 qt plastic container. Mortality was assessed after 48 h and each surviving larva was placed individually in a 1 fl oz plastic cup filled with a sufficient amount of untreated commercial beet armyworm diet. Mortality was assessed at 48 h intervals thereafter until all surviving larvae pupated. In addition, percent mortality at adult emergence was also determined for all treatments. The data were subjected to arcsin square root transformations prior to ANOVA.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Buter, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with four 8004VS Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi with a 4 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were mixed with a fine grade of calcined clay top dressing (Terragreen) to facilitate product distribution. Then they were applied with a hand held shaker. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 78°F; soil temp, 77°F; % RH, 72; amount of thatch, 0.5-1 inch; soil type, silty-clay-loam; % soil moisture, 16; soil pH, 6.1; % organic matter, 5.0; water pH, slightly acidic; no rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Posttreatment counts were made 6 days after the initial 30 Jul treatment date. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface over a 10 min period. Three floatation samples were randomly taken from within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in State College, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lawn consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 x 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with four 8004VS Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi with a 4 gal/1,000 ftaspray rate. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 75°F; soil temp, 75°F; % RH, 67; amount of thatch, 0.5-1 inch; soil type, silt-clay-loam; % soil moisture, 15.7; soil pH, 6.4; % organic matter, 2.8; water pH, slightly acidic. Posttreatment counts were made 12 days after the initial 13 Aug treatment date. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling with water, and counting the nmber of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface over a 10 min period. Three floatation samples were randomly taken from within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Evaluation of Heliothis Zea Control on Greenhouse Geranium, 1985
Authors: Browning H. W. , Royer T. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment comparing three rates of FMC-54800 2EC and one rate of Mavrik Aquaflow with an untreated check was conducted on greenhouse produced geraniums Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey that were artificially infested with first instar Heliothis zea (Boddie). Upon eclosion, 20 larvae from a laboratory culture were transferred to each plant with a camel's hair brush and allowed to establish on the plants for ca. 7 days. Immediately preceding spray application, all plants were standardized with respect to the number of larvae present by transferring larvae until each plant hosted 4 larvae. Larvae were second and third instars at the time of treatment. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design (2 plants per treatment) with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied with a C02 powered hand-held sprayer. All plants assigned to each treatment received a 30 s application that approximated runoff. Efficacy evaluations were recorded 48 hours posttreatment. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, and significant treatment effects (P • 0.05) were separated using DMRT.
Evaluation of Miticides on Hibiscus, 1986
Authors: Warkentin D. , Harris M. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potted, greenhouse grown plants were inoculated with mites from a cultured colony in Mar. The plants were held until the population was well established, according to a baseline pre-treatment count. There were 3 replicate pots per treatment, and evaluations were made by summing all mites found on 4 randomly selected leaves per replicate pot on each sampling date. Evaluations were made at 2 DAT. There were 3 sprays to the point of runoff made with hand-held mist bottles.
Evaluation of Ulv Avid for Spider Mite Cleanup on Hibiscus, 1986
Authors: Warkentin D. , Harris M. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potted, greenhouse plants were inoculated with mites from a cultured colony and held for ca. 3 weeks until the mite population was well established. Treatments were applied with a hand-held Turbair "Scamp" ULV spray apparatus at 0800 h on 6 May. Pots were removed from the greenhouse and placed on open ground to receive treatments, then returned to the greenhouse. No adjuvants were used. Plants were sprayed from 2 sides for 5-10 s per side, from a distance of ca. 8 ft. Slightly less than 0.7 oz of spray mixture was used to treat all 6 replicate pots within each treatment group. Test application volumes and concentrations were based on deliverey of ca. 5 pt total volume/acre. Pre- and post-treatment evaluations were made by counting all live mites on 1 randomly selected shoot (ca. 3 inch length) per replicate pot.
Control of Green Peach Aphid on Snapdragons, 1986
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Payne Richard , Price Richard , Gladin Jodie , Schwartz Mary Ann 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green peach aphid control was evaluated in 2 tests on greenhouse grown snapdragons on 12 Jun and 26 Jun. The plants were in 4 inch pots that were evenly spaced on a greenhouse bench. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a RCB design. The plants were sprayed until runoff with a Gilmore all-purpose hand sprayer. A surfactant* was added to all treatments. Infestations were determined by examining 4 leaves per plant and counting the number of live aphids per leaf at 1, 4, 7, and 14 DAT in test 1 and at 11 DAT in test 2. Orthene alone and Danitol plus Orthene provided significant control to 14 DAT in test 1 and to 11 DAT in test 2. Other rates of Danitol did not provide significant control when compared to the check (water and surfactant treatment). No phytotoxicity was observed.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mite on Greenhouse Roses, 1986
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Coffelt M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five acaricides-insecticides were evaluated against twospotted spider mites on roses planted in greenhouse beds. A CRD was used, with 9 plants per treatment. Samples consisted of 4 leaves randomly selected from infested terminals for each sample date. Leaves were immersed in a liquid floor wax and the number of mites counted with a binocular microscope. Treatments were applied 14 Feb, except Carzol 92SP and Apollo 50SC + Carzol 92SP, which were applied 20 Feb. A 1-gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi was utilized. A second application of all treatments was made 14 Mar. Pretreatment counts were made the day of treatment.
Control of Sawfly Defoliators on Green Ash, 1986
Authors: Solomon J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated for efficacy in controlling sawfly defoliators of young green ash plantations at Stoneville, Mississippi. Trees were in their fourth year of growth and ranged from 2.4 to 3.4 m in height. Five infested trees were selected at random for each treatment and untreated check. Fohar applications were made using a 7.6 liter (2 gal) handsprayer calibrated at 1.4 kg pressure/cm2 (20 lb/in2) to deliver 102.9 liter finished spray per hectare (11 gal/acre). Prespray counts were made of all sawfly larvae on 2 major branches of each tree. Tethida barda was the predominant sawfly species, but small numbers of Eupareophora parca were also present. Counts of both species were combined for analysis. The percentage data were subjected to arcsine transformation, analysis of variance, and Duncan's new multiple range test at the 0.05 level.
Control of Bagworms on Eastern Red Cedar, 1986
Authors: Gladin Jodie , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bagworm control was evaluated on Eastern red cedars that were approximately 20 ft high. The plants were located at a golf course in Stillwater and were treated on 12 Jun. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. The plants were sprayed until runoff with a FMC DM 010 sprayer at 350 psi. The temperature and wind velocity was 78°F and 0-5 mph, respectively. Mortality was determined by examining 10 larvae from each replication at 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment.
Carbofuran Phytotoxicity to Fraser Fir Transplants, 1985
Authors: Lanier Gerald N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Carbofiiran (Furdan 15G) was applied at 10 g (1.5 g AI) per seedling to alternate rows of Fraser fir (2/1) transplants in a Christmas tree production area near Lysander, NY. Granules were placed at the base of each tree arc! covered with 1-2 cm of mineral soil on 4 May '84. Trees were watered only by rainfall.
Persimmon, Fall Webworm Control Trial, 1986
Authors: Williams Michael L. , Miller Gary L. , Hendricks Harlan J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
6 insecticides were sprayed on fall webworm nests, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), located in persimmon trees, Diospyros virginiana L. Selected trees were growing along roadsides near Auburn, Lee Co., Alabama. Test materials were applied 5 Aug to active webworm colonies by spraying individual webs and surrounding foliage with hand-pumped, compressed-air sprayers to runoff. Chevron spreader-sticker was added to all spray mixtures at the rate of 0.5 pt/100 gal. Treatments were replicated 3 times with each colony constituting a replication. Efficacy of test materials was determined 7 days posttreatment by removing the colonies from trees and counting the number of live larvae.
Pine Needle Scale Control on Scotch Pine in Centre CO., PA, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were evaluated to control the summer generation crawlers of the pine needle scale on heavily infested 5-6 ft scotch pine Christmas trees. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of run-off with a Solo 425 backpack hand-pump sprayer. Each treatment was applied to 4 single tree replicates. Treatments were made on 17 Jul. The air temp was 68°F and the % RH was 86. Rainfall occurred within 24 hr following completion of all treatments. One week posttreatment (24 Jul), a minimum of 5 infested needle fascicles were randomly removed from each tree. Fascicles were then individually placed in plastic bags and transported in an ice cooler back to the laboratory where the viability of the first 100 nymphs observed under a stereo-dissecting microscope was determined. Counts were always made from a minimum of 5 fascicles.
Evaluation of Permethrin Wipes for Fly Control on Horses, 1986
Authors: Burg J. G. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five horse wipe products, Flysect™ Super-7, Flysect™ Super-7 concentrate, Tech-trol™ wipe-on, Tech-trol™ concentrate and Poridon™, were tested for fly control on pastured and stabled horses. Flysect™ Super-7, Tech-trol™ wipe-on and Poridon™ were used directly from the container. Flysect™ Super-7 concentrate was diluted 1:4 with water and Tech-trol™ concentrate was diluted 1:24 with water. The stable study was conducted in a 20 stall barn on the University of Kentucky Agriculture Research Farm containing 18 yearlings. Rice hull bedding was used and stalls were cleaned daily. Yearlings remained in their stalls except during cleaning. All treatment horses were brushed prior to wipe application. Each product was applied to 3 randomly selected yearlings at a rate of 120 ml/animal on 28 Jul '86. Three untreated yearlings served as controls. Fly counts were made immediately prior to treatment and at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment. The pasture study was conducted on 2 privately owned thoroughbred farms in Fayette and Scott Co. in central Kentucky. All horses remained in the pasture for the duration of the study. Five mares and 1 stallion on the Scott Co. farm were treated with the wipe-on products on 11, 18 and 25 Aug '86 (2 animals/wipe/date, 6 replications/ treatment). Six mares on the Fayette Co. farm were treated with concentrates on 18 and 25 Aug '86 (3 animals/concentrate/date, 6 replications/concentrate). No animal received the same treatment twice. Foals were present in some of the pastures with treated mares. Four mares on the Fayette Co. farm served as controls for the duration of the study. All treatment animals were brushed and wiped as previously described. Fly counts were made immediately prior to treatment and at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment.
Residual Study of Permethrin Wipes for Stable Fly Control on Horses, 1986
Authors: Burg J. G. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four horse wipe products, Flysect™ Super-7, Flysect™ Super-7 concentrate, Techtrol™ wipe-on, and Poridon™, were tested for their residual activity against the stable fly. Flysect™ Super-7, Techtrol ™ wipe-on, and Poridon™ were used directly from the container and Flysect™ Super-7 concentrate was diluted 1:4 with water prior to use. The study was conducted on 4 pastured thoroughbred mares on the University of Kentucky Agricultural Research Farm. Each mare was brushed prior to the treatment then wiped with 120 ml material/animal on 20 Oct '86. On 21, 24 and 27 Oct '86 (1, 4 and 7 days post-treatment), 3 groups of 15 3-4-day-old stable flies/ group were confined on the sides of each treated animal with 12.7 cm diam wire food strainers. Strainers were held in place with 2 parallel elastic straps supporting three 12.7 cm diam wire rings. Flies were confined within each strainer with a 15.2 × 15.2 cm piece of sheet metal when the apparatus was not attached to a horse. Flies were exposed to the treated horse for 10 min. The number of dead flies for each treatment was recorded 2 and 24 h post-exposure. Five groups of 15 flies/group, confined under strainers, served as controls.
Evaluation of Three Insecticides Against Poultry Litter Beetles, 1986
Authors: Stafford K. C. , Burg J. G. , Collison C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adults and mature larvae of both litter beetle species were exposed continuously or for 2 h to Rabon 50% WP, Sevin XLR, or Actellic 7E on treated filter papers. For the continuous exposure experiment, 20 no. 4 filter papers (7 cm diam) were sprayed with 50 ml of either Rabon (1600 or 320 mg AI/m2), Sevin (2000 mg AI/m2), Actellic (250 mg AI/m2), or a water control while tacked to a 0.5 m2 board. Treated filter papers were placed individually into 9-cm diam plastic petri dishes and allowed to dry. The next day, 10 late-instar larvae or 10 four-week-old adults of the lesser mealworm (LMW) or hide beetle (HB) were added to each petri dish (100 total petri dishes-5 replications/treatment/beetle/stage). No. of dead were recorded at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h and % mortality calculated (corrected using Abbott's formula and transformed by arcsin Vp for the analysis). Mortality in the controls was low except by 48 and 72 h for the HB due to cannibalism. Treatments at each sampling period for each beetle stage were compared by Fisher's protected LSD test. For the 2-h exposure experiment, similar procedures were followed except 1-week-old adult beetles were used and the treated filter papers were removed after 2 h and a small amount of food, flshmeal (HB) or wheat bran (LMW), was added to each petri dish to reduce cannibalism.