bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for patients poisoned by Macleaya cordata
Authors: Chen Jian-Ping , Huang Dao-Chao , Jin Wen-Yang , Xie Qing-Hua , Zhu Wei-Ling , Tung Tao-Hsin , Ying Ai-Fang 
Published: August 2022

Macleaya cordata is a Chinese herbal medicine containing a variety of highly cardiotoxic alkaloids, and might result in cardiac failure. Venous-arterial Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) could be used as a therapeutic option in patients poisoned by Macleaya cordata complicating refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. A 60-year-old man suffered from severe arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest after consuming Macleaya cordata. The patient received VA-ECMO support in the emergency department at 5 hours after hospitalization, and was weaned from VA-ECMO on day 4, and was discharged with complete clinical improvement on Day 12. VA-ECMO is an effective method in treating cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest induced by severe poisoning from Chinese herbal medicine. Timely and appropriate interventions with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation devices could improve clinical outcomes in these patients.
Sustaining urban labour markets: Situating migration and domestic work in India's ‘gig’ economy
Authors: Tandon Ambika , Rathi Aayush 
Published: August 2022

The domestic work sector in India has been absorbing an overwhelming proportion of workers who migrate from rural and semi-urban spaces to cities for employment. The supply of workers is driven by multiple unregulated intermediaries, which expose them to multiple modes of exploitation before and after the point of placement. We compare digital platforms, which have recently entered the sector as intermediaries, to traditional placement agencies as pathways to livelihood opportunities in the domestic work sector. We shed light on the placement routes for domestic workers in the platform economy by comparing it with the larger informalised domestic work sector. We also compare the impact of different types of digital platforms and traditional intermediaries on migrant workers and the supply chain of migration. The analysis is based on qualitative inputs provided by domestic workers in two Indian cities – Delhi and Bengaluru as well as inputs from platforms, unions and government agencies. This primary data when situated in the context of traditional modes of intermediation presents the inadequacies of platforms in overcoming the challenges of the institutional ecosystem for migrant domestic workers. We conclude that the histories of intermediaries and work arrangements in domestic work continue to shape the position of migrants in the platform economy.
Determining Clinically Meaningful Thresholds for the Hip Outcome Score Sport-Specific Subscale in Athletes Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Owens Jade S. , Jimenez Andrew E. , Lee Michael S. , George Tom , Maldonado David R. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: August 2022

Background: The minimal clinically important difference (MCID), Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and maximum outcome improvement (MOI) satisfaction threshold for the Hip Outcome Score Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS) have not been established in athletes undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Purpose: To determine threshold MCID, PASS, SCB, and MOI satisfaction threshold values for the HOS-SSS in athletes undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS at minimum 2–year follow–up. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Anchor questions were administered to recreational, organized amateur, high school, college, and professional athletes who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS between May 2015 and March 2019. Patients were included if they were younger than 50 years, answered the anchor questions, and had preoperative and minimum 2–year follow–up for the HOS-SSS, modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Exclusion criteria were Tönnis grade >1, hip dysplasia (lateral center–edge angle <18°), and previous ipsilateral hip surgery or conditions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine PASS, SCB, and MOI satisfaction for the HOS-SSS. Two distribution methods were used to calculate MCID for HOS-SSS. Results: A total of 225 athletes who underwent primary hip arthroscopy met the inclusion criteria. Of those athletes, 200 (88.9%) who had minimum 2–year follow–up and information regarding return to sport (RTS) were included. The cohort included 124 (62.0%) women and 76 (38.0%) men with a mean ± standard deviation age of 29.4 ± 10.4 years, body mass index of 25.6 ± 5.4, and follow–up of 29.5 ± 5.1 months. Athletes experienced significant improvements in HOS-SSS, mHHS, NAHS, and VAS from preoperative to latest postoperative follow–up ( P < .001), and mean satisfaction was 8.2. The RTS rate was 83.7%. ROC analysis determined that the PASS, MOI satisfaction threshold, SCB absolute score, SCB change score, and MCID (baseline/change score methods) for the HOS-SSS were 77.0, 44.6%, 92.7, 30.6, and 10.6, respectively, with athletes achieving thresholds at high rates (80.0%, 80.5%, 45.0%, 54.0%, and 79.5%, respectively). Conclusion: This study identified values for the HOS-SSS that can be used to define clinically meaningful outcomes in athletes after primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS. The PASS, MOI satisfaction threshold, SCB absolute score, SCB change score, and MCID for the HOS-SSS at minimum 2–year follow–up in athletes after primary hip arthroscopy were 77.0, 44.6%, 92.7, 30.6, and 10.6, respectively.
Feasibility and safety of renal artery closure with advanced bipolar energy device during nephrectomy
Authors: Carlo Introini , Antonia Di Domenico , Federico Dotta , Marco Ennas , Fabio Campodonico , Claudia Brusasco , Andrea Benelli 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Many devices are available to control the renal pedicle during nephrectomy but the gold standard is still a matter of debate. Nanotechnology has evolved to include vessel-sealing systems; companies guarantee an efficacy for vessels until 7 mm. The aim of our study is to evaluate feasibility and safety of closure of the renal artery with radiofrequency energy during nephrectomy. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients undergoing nephrectomy between November 2016 and July 2020. Inclusion criteria were: renal artery diameter <7 mm and no significant arterial wall calcification. The EnSeal device was used in all cases for dissection, hemostasis and to secure the renal artery when feasible. Results: Overall 101 patients underwent nephrectomy, in 68 cases the radiofrequency alone was used to close the renal artery; in 45 patients during a laparoscopic procedure and in 23 during an open surgery. Conversion to open surgery was never necessary. No patients had major hemorrhagic complications. Mean operative time was 75 min, mean intraoperative blood loss was 85 ml. Overall 11 patients had postoperative complications, according to Clavien-Dindo: five grade I, three grade II, three grade III. Discussion: In our experience the closure of the renal artery with a radiofrequency energy device is a feasible and safe procedure. It allows a safe manipulation of the renal hilum, free from clips, which could limit surgeons’ maneuvers and be dislocated. We believe that a deep knowledge of the available technologies is fundamental for the surgeon and guarantees the best achievable results.
Concordance between Gleason score of prostate biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens and its predictive factors
Authors: Ariafar Ali , Rezaeian Ali , Zare Ali , Zeighami Shahryar , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Nikbakht Hossein-Ali , Narouie Behzad 
Published: August 2022

Objective: The Gleason score is an essential factor for making decisions about prostate cancer management and its prognosis. Thus, we conducted this research to discover the histologic-grading accuracy of needle biopsy specimens, and to identify preoperative clinical and pathological factors that predict upgrading and downgrading from biopsy to radical prostatectomy specimen. Patients and methods: This study was performed on 570 patients who were referred to the medical centers affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and underwent radical prostatectomy from 2013 to 2017. Concordance was evaluated between the Gleason score of needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens. Predictors of upgrades and downgrades were assessed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Scores were the same in 50% of cases, downgraded in 26%, and upgraded in 24%. The variables predicting a Gleason score upgrade were higher Prostate specific antigen level, larger tumors, and older age. Lower tumor volume, lower Prostate specific antigen, and low maximum percentage of cancer in cores were predictors of downgrading from Gleason score>6 to ⩽6. Also, Body mass index>30, smaller tumor size, and negative lymph nodes were predictors of downgrading from Gleason score>7 to 7. Conclusion: The correlation between biopsy and Radical prostatectomy Gleason scores was only 50%. After dividing them into the new grading groups, this coordination increased by only 5.6%. Physicians need to consider possible limitations of the Gleason score of biopsy and factors that can be predictive of upgrading to high-risk prostate cancer before making treatment decisions.
Penile prosthesis impending erosion: Surgical technique for extracapsular re-implantation reconstruction
Authors: Rebez Giacomo , Runti Ottavia , Marco Lorena Di , Boschian Riccardo , Rizzo Michele , Garaffa Giulio , Liguori Giovanni , Trombetta Carlo 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and objectives: Impending erosion is an unusual complication of inflatable penile prosthesis that can strongly impact on patient’s morbidity and quality of life. In this case report we present a salvage surgery technique for impending erosion performed in a 57-year-old man. Materials and methods: We present our surgical technique for cylinder reimplantation in an impending erosion of a three-component inflatable prosthesis with a peno-scrotal access and extracapsular reseating of the cylinder. Results: No post-operative complication occurred, and the patient regained full function of the prosthesis after recovery. The surgical site healed well with no signs of infections. Conclusions: Impending erosion is a problematic complication of penile prosthesis; however, can be administered with a salvage technique avoiding the explant of the IPP.
Preparation and characterization of Y-doped microarc oxidation coating on AZ31 magnesium alloys
Authors: Wu Yuanzhi , Zhu Bowu , Zhang Xinzhu , Li Duhong , Zhang Kunwu , Liang Jun , Cao Baocheng 
Published: August 2022

The rapid degradation characteristics of magnesium alloys limit its application in the field of orthopedic fracture fixation and cardiovascular stents. This study aimed to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of AZ31 magnesium alloys and prepare degradable implant materials. Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was used to change the concentration of yttrium acetate in the electrolyte to prepare coatings with different yttrium content on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Through characterization, it is proved that the yttrium in the coating mainly exists in the form of Y3+. The polarization potential experiment shows that the micro-arc oxidation coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. With the increase of yttrium acetate concentration in the electrolyte, the corrosion resistance of the coating first increases and then weakens. When the concentration is 0.0035 mol/L, the coating has the highest corrosion resistance. The results of CCK-8 cytotoxicity experiment and cell morphology observation also proved that the cell viability in each group was greater than 140%, and the yttrium-doped coating on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy has no cytotoxicity, can promote cell growth, and has good biocompatibility.
Emotion, Cognition, and COVID-19: A Study Exploring the Association Between Fear of COVID-19 Intolerance of Uncertainty and Decision-Making in Indian Adolescents
Authors: Goyal Divesha , Sharma Usha 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Fear and uncertainty are the 2 ingredients of psychological challenges brought about by coronavirus (COVID-19). Fear and intolerance of uncertainty can affect decision-making. Because of the pandemic and owing to their phase of cognitive development, adolescents are more susceptible to such influence. Objective: To explore and understand the effects of COVID-19 on emotion and cognition by investigating the association between fear of COVID-19, intolerance for uncertainty, and decision-making in Indian adolescents. Method: The sample constituted 136 Indian adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. The sampling technique used was a nonprobability sampling technique called snowball sampling. The sample was collected through an online platform, ie, WhatsApp, Facebook, and most responses were received from Delhi, Sirsa (Haryana), and Chandigarh. The tools administered were the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCVS-19), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and the adolescent decision-making questionnaire (ADMQ). Correlational, regression, and mediational analyses were conducted to study the associations and interactions between the 3 study variables. Results: The sample consisted of 51.5% females and 48.5% males. The correlational analysis reported significant positive relationships between fear of COVID-19, intolerance of uncertainty, and maladaptive decision-making. Further, mediation analysis reported: (a) the intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and maladaptive decision-making patterns and (b) fear of COVID-19 mediates the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and maladaptive decision-making patterns. Conclusion: The findings indicated that emotions experienced by adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic could have a negative and significant effect on their decision-making. Thus, it is necessary to mitigate these effects to ensure optimal development of their cognitive skills during calamities such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prognostic and predictive biomarkers with therapeutic targets in breast cancer: A 2022 update on current developments, evidence, and recommendations
Authors: Chung Clement , Yeung Vanessa T.Y. , Wong Kenneth C.W. 
Published: August 2022

Objective To evaluate and validate the recent and emerging data for prognostic and predictive biomarkers with therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Data sources A literature search from January 2015 to March 2022 was performed using the key terms breast cancer, clinical practice guidelines, gene mutations, genomic assay, immune cancer therapy, predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers, and targeted therapies. Study selection and data extraction Relevant clinical trials, meta-analyses, seminal articles, and published evidence- and consensus-based clinical practice guidelines in the English language were identified, reviewed and evaluated. Data synthesis Breast cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease, leading to wide variability in treatment responses and survival outcomes. Biomarkers for breast cancer are evolving from traditional biomarkers in immunohistochemistry (IHC) such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) to genetic biomarkers with therapeutic implications (e.g. breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 [ BRCA1/2], estrogen receptor α [ ESR1] gene mutation, HER2 gene mutation, microsatellite instability [MSI], phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit 3Cα [ PIK3CA] gene mutation, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase [ NTRK] gene mutation). In addition, current data are most robust for biomarkers in immunotherapy (e.g. programmed cell death receptor ligand-1 [PD-L1], microsatellite instability-high [MSI-H] or deficient mismatch repair [dMMR]). Oncotype DX assay remains the best validated gene expression assay that is both predictive and prognostic whereas MammaPrint is prognostic for genomic risk. Conclusions Biomarker-driven therapies have the potential to confer greater therapeutic advantages than standard-of-care therapies. The purported survival benefits associated with biomarker-driven therapies should be weighed against their potential harms.
Towards a validated definition of the clinical transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A study from the Italian MS Register
Authors: Iaffaldano Pietro , Lucisano Giuseppe , Guerra Tommaso , Patti Francesco , Onofrj Marco , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Zaffaroni Mauro , Pozzilli Carlo , Cocco Eleonora , Sola Patrizia , Salemi Giuseppe , Inglese Matilde , Bergamaschi Roberto , Gasperini Claudio , Conte Antonella , Salvetti Marco , Lus Giacomo , Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa , Totaro Rocco , Vianello Marika , Granella Franco , Ferraro Elisabetta , Aguglia Umberto , Gatto Maurizia , Sangalli Francesca , Chisari Clara Grazia , De Luca Giovanna , Carotenuto Antonio , Baroncini Damiano , Colombo Delia , Nica Mihaela , Paolicelli Damiano , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo , Amato Maria Pia , Trojano Maria 
Published: August 2022

Background: Definitions for reliable identification of transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) to secondary progressive (SP)MS in clinical cohorts are not available. Objectives: To compare diagnostic performances of two different data-driven SPMS definitions. Methods: Data-driven SPMS definitions based on a version of Lorscheider’s algorithm (DDA) and on the EXPAND trial inclusion criteria were compared, using the neurologist’s definition (ND) as gold standard, in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and area under the curve (AUC). Results: A cohort of 10,240 MS patients with ⩾5 years of follow-up was extracted from the Italian MS Registry; 880 (8.5%) patients were classified as SPMS according to the neurologist definition, 1806 (17.6%) applying the DDA and 1134 (11.0%) with the EXPAND definition. The DDA showed greater discrimination power (AUC: 0.8 vs 0.6) and a higher sensitivity (77.1% vs 38.0%) than the EXPAND definition, with similar specificity (88.0% vs 91.5%). PPV and NPV were higher using the DDA than considering EXPAND definition (37.5% vs 29.5%; 97.6% vs 94.0%). Conclusion: Data-driven definitions demonstrated greater ability to capture SP transition than neurologist’s definition and the global accuracy of DDA seems to be higher than the EXPAND definition.
Immigrants’ and refugees’ experiences of access to health and social services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Leung Doris , Lee Charlotte , Wang Angel He , Guruge Sepali 
Published: August 2022

Objective In 2020, the World Health Organization reported that immigrants were the most vulnerable to contracting COVID, due to a confluence of personal and structural barriers. This study explored how immigrants and refugees experienced access to health and social services during the first wave of COVID-19 in Toronto, Canada. Methods This study analyzed secondary data from a qualitative study that was conducted between May and September 2020 in Toronto that involved semi-structured interviews with 72 immigrants and refugees from 21 different countries. The secondary data analysis was informed by critical realism. Results The vast majority of participants experienced fear and anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak but through a combination of self-reliance and community support came to terms with the realities of the pandemic. Some even found the lifestyle changes engendered by the pandemic a positive experience. Conclusions Self-reliance may hinder help-seeking and augment the threat of COVID-19. This is particularly a concern for the most vulnerable immigrants, who experience multiple disruptions in their health care, have limited material resources and social supports, and perhaps are still dealing with the challenges of settling in the new country.
Use of Covered Stents in Cannulation Sites as a Last Option to Salvage Failing Vascular Access
Authors: Drouven Johannes W. , Bruin Cor de , van Roon, PhD Arie M. , Ozyilmaz Akin , Oldenziel Job , Bokkers Reinoud P. H. , Zeebregts Clark J. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Controversy exists regarding the treatment of recurrent stenosis in vascular access at cannulation sites with a covered stent as repeated cannulation may damage the stent. The purpose of this study was to review covered stent placement at cannulation sites to salvage failing vascular access. Materials and methods: A total of 11 patients were included for the purpose of this study. Eight patients (72.7%) received a covered stent due to recurrent stenosis, 2 (18.2%) due to an acute occlusion, and in 1 case (9.1%), the covered stent was used to repair a damaged polytetrafluoroethylene arteriovenous graft (PTFE AVG). Results: Primary patency after stent placement was 40.9% at 6 months, primary-assisted patency was 79.5% at 12 months, and secondary patency was 80% at 24 months. No significant problems were observed during the dialysis sessions after stent placement. The intervention rate per patient-year was not significantly different before or after covered stent placement, at 3.8 (IQR=9.5) interventions per year versus 2.5 (IQR=3.0) interventions per year (p=0.280). Conclusion: In conclusion, treating failing vascular access with problems at cannulation sites with covered stents can be considered. Clinical Impact Treating vascular access stenosis at cannulation sites with covered stents can successfully prolong vascular access life.
Comparing the Benefit of Duplex Ultrasound Surveillance Following Both Infrainguinal Bypass Surgery and Stenting for Femoro-Popliteal Disease
Authors: Dar Than , Li Lanxin , Basra Melvinder , Crockett Stephen , Chowdhury Mohammed M , Zielinski Lukasz Piotr , Ambler Graeme K , Coughlin Patrick A 
Published: August 2022

Objective Duplex ultrasound surveillance (DUS) is commonly used following infrainguinal vein bypass. The role of DUS following endovascular revascularisation is as yet unclear. This study focuses on the role of DUS in a contemporary group of patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass or stent insertion. Methods All patients undergoing either an infrainguinal vein graft bypass or stent insertion into the femoro-popliteal segment (November 2014 - January 2017) were identified. Patients were followed up for 2 years. Data on entry into DUS, pre-operative characteristics, adjunctive pharmacotherapy and reintervention were collated. The primary outcomes were major lower limb amputation and mortality at 2 years post revascularisation. Results One hundred and thirty-five patients underwent infrainguinal vein bypass and 100 patients underwent stent insertion. 107 patients in the bypass cohort and 58 patients in the stent cohort entered DUS. For the bypass cohort, entering DUS was associated with a lower mortality rate ( P = .003) but was not associated with an improvement in amputation rates. The odds ratio of major amputation or mortality was greater in the no surveillance group (4.58, 95% CI: 1.855 – 11.364). In the stent cohort, DUS was not associated with a significant improvement in either major amputation or death (odds ratio 2.13 (95% CI 0.903 – 5.051; P = .081). Conclusion DUS was associated with improved survival rates in patients undergoing lower limb bypass but had no benefit in those patients undergoing stent insertion. The role of DUS following stent insertion in the femoropopliteal segment needs to be better defined.