bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear precoder design for peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction of generalized frequency division multiplexing signal using gradient descent methods
Authors: Sheikh‐Hosseini Mohsen , Hasheminejad Mohammad , Rahdari Farhad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article addresses linear precoder design for the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of the generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) scheme. This design relies on minimizing various statistical parameters of the instantaneous power of the GFDM signal—including variance, second and third moments—using gradient‐based optimization methods. In this regard, a general framework of four different scenarios, which employs the steepest descent and conjugate‐gradient methods and utilizes two different approaches of fixed and dynamic step‐sizing, is proposed. In the case of fixed step‐sizing, the results demonstrate that the algorithm diverges in some scenarios and provides low‐speed convergence for the others due to its inability in meeting the terminating threshold regarding minimizing objective function to a desirable level. However, dynamic step‐sizing using the Wolf line search rule circumvents these drawbacks, outperforms the existing research, and converges in all scenarios to a precoder providing advantages in terms of design speed and achievable PAPR, while keeping the symbol error rate and out‐of‐band emissions at the ranges of the un‐precoded GFDM systems. Moreover, the results confirm the comprehensiveness of the proposed framework in adapting to various GFDM statistical parameters and gradient methods.
Opportunities and Limitations of Nanoagrochemicals
Authors: Schwab Fabienne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNanoagrochemicals conceived based on safe‐by‐design principles could provide, besides yield increases, real benefits for the environment due to lower losses of agrochemicals to wind drift and rainwater run‐off, and lower toxicity to non‐target organisms. As an emerging new technology rather than ‘just another’ active ingredient, nanoagrochemicals should be evaluated and compared to conventional products using multiple criteria, including the production costs, efficiency, mode of action, degradability, and (lack of) effects on non‐target organisms. Current studies on nanopesticides suggest, on average, ca. 31 % more efficiency and ca. 43 % less toxicity on non‐target organisms. Observations of a 5–10‐fold increase in efficiency in laboratory studies need validation in the field. The most significant challenges for nanoagrochemicals today are to produce them at competitive costs and overcome the regulatory obstacles to register products containing nanomaterials.
Identification of a novel mechanism for LFA‐1 organization during NK cytolytic response
Authors: Pariani Alejandro P. , Almada Evangelina , Hidalgo Florencia , Borini‐Etichetti Carla , Vena Rodrigo , Marín Leandra , Favre Cristián , Goldenring James R. , Cecilia Larocca Maria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe elimination of transformed and viral infected cells by natural killer (NK) cells requires a specialized junction between NK and target cells, denominated immunological synapse (IS). After initial recognition, the IS enables the directed secretion of lytic granules content into the susceptible target cell. The lymphocyte function‐associated antigen (LFA)‐1 regulates NK effector function by enabling NK‐IS assembly and maturation. The pathways underlying LFA‐1 accumulation at the IS in NK cells remained uncharacterized. A kinase anchoring protein 350 (AKAP350) is a centrosome/Golgi‐associated protein, which, in T cells, participates in LFA‐1 activation by mechanisms that have not been elucidated. We first evaluated AKAP350 participation in NK cytolytic activity. Our results showed that the decrease in AKAP350 levels by RNA interference (AKAP350KD) inhibited NK‐YTS cytolytic activity, without affecting conjugate formation. The impairment of NK effector function in AKAP350KD cells correlated with decreased LFA‐1 clustering and defective IS maturation. AKAP350KD cells that were exclusively activated via LFA‐1 showed impaired LFA‐1 organization and deficient lytic granule translocation as well. In NK AKAP350KD cells, activation signaling through Vav1 was preserved up to 10 min of interaction with target cells, but significantly decreased afterwards. Experiments in YTS and in ex vivo NK cells identified an intracellular pool of LFA‐1, which partially associated with the Golgi apparatus and, upon NK activation, redistributed to the IS in an AKAP350‐dependent manner. The analysis of Golgi organization indicated that the decrease in AKAP350 expression led to the disruption of the Golgi integrity in NK cells. Alteration of Golgi function by BFA treatment or AKAP350 delocalization from this organelle also led to impaired LFA‐1 localization at the IS. Therefore, this study characterizes AKAP350 participation in the modulation of NK effector function, revealing the existence of a Golgi‐dependent trafficking pathway for LFA‐1, which is relevant for LFA‐1 organization at NK‐lytic IS.
Differences in cortical morphology and child internalizing or externalizing problems: Accounting for the co‐occurrence
Authors: Zhang Yingzhe , Xu Bing , Kim Hannah H. , Muetzel Ryan , Delaney Scott W. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildhood internalizing and externalizing problems frequently co‐occur. Many studies report neural correlates of either internalizing or externalizing problems, but few account for their co‐occurrence. We aimed to assess specific cortical substrates of these psychiatric problems.MethodsWe used data from 9635 children aged 9–11 years in the baseline Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Internalizing and externalizing problem composite scales scores were derived from the Child Behavior Checklist. We standardized FreeSurfer‐derived volumes of 68 cortical regions. We examined internalizing and externalizing problems separately and jointly (covariate‐adjustment) in relation to cortical volumes, with and without adjusting for total brain volume (TBV) in multivariate linear regressions adjusted for demographics and multiple comparisons. We fit bifactor models to confirm the consistency of patterns exploring specific internalizing and specific externalizing problems. Sensitivity analyses included a vertex‐wide analysis and a replication in another large population‐based study.ResultsIn separate TBV‐unadjusted analyses, externalizing and internalizing problems were associated with smaller cortical volumes. If adjusted for externalizing behavior, however, larger cortical volumes were associated with internalizing problems, while smaller cortical volumes remained associated with externalizing problems after adjustment for internalizing problems. The bifactor model produced similar results, which were consistently replicated in another pre‐adolescent neuroimaging sample. These associations likely represent global effects: adjusting for TBV rendered most associations non‐significant. Vertex‐wise analyses confirmed global patterns.ConclusionOur results suggest that internalizing and externalizing problems have globally opposing, and non‐specific associations with cortical morphology in childhood, which are only apparent if analyses account for their co‐occurrence.
Floral micromorphological, palynological, and carpological characteristics of the rare endemic Korean species Peucedanum miroense (Apiaceae)
Authors: Kim Kyeonghee , Yang Sungyu , Song Jun‐Ho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeucedanum miroense K. Kim, H.‐J. Suh & J.‐H. Song, recently reported as a new species endemic to South Korea, is distributed on mountains Duta‐san and Swinŭm‐san in Gangwon Province, South Korea. Given its conspicuously limited habitat range and small populations, this species qualifies as an endangered Red List species. In this study, we undertook a detailed investigation of the floral micromorphological, palynological, and carpological characters of P. miroense based on a range of microscopic analyses. Examination of the floral micromorphology of P. miroense revealed that the surface patterns of bractlets have potential utility in taxonomy studies of the genus Peucedanum. In addition, we established that this plant is characterized a papillose conical‐tabular rugose pattern of petal epidermal cells and bears sunken nectary slits on the stylopodium. Also identified were simple spherical orbicules bearing psilate surface ornamentation, as well as small tricolporate prolate to perprolate pollen grains characterized by verrucate and gemmate ornamentation. Moreover, we verified pollen wall stratification and presence of pollenkitt. The mericarps had colliculate‐striate surface patterns with trichomes and eight or nine vittae, and prismatic crystals were detected in different layers of the pericarp. We believe that the findings of this study will contribute to an evaluation of the taxonomic significance of this species within the genus Peucedanum, and also provide valuable information for the conservation of this rare endemic species.Research Highlights
We provided the first detailed descriptions of the floral micromorphological, palynological, and carpological characters of the rare endemic Korean species Peucedanum miroense K. Kim, H.‐J. Suh & J.‐H. Song, based on different microscopic analyses.
Our findings provide valuable information regarding the epidermal cell patterns of bractlets, petals, stylopodium, gynoecium, and anthers.
We believe our study makes a significant contribution to the literature, as our findings will contribute to enhancing the taxonomical classification of species within the genus Peucedanum, and will provide a basis for the conservation of this rare endemic species.
This results will be of value to researchers studying the future biology and taxonomy of species within the family Apiaceae, particularly those using different microscopic techniques, including FE‐SEM, digital slide scanning, and TEM.
Patient‐reported outcomes associated with reflex BRCA1/2 tumor and subsequent germline panel genetic testing for high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: McCuaig Jeanna M. , Stockley Tracy L. , Ferguson Sarah E. , Vicus Danielle , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Ott Karen , Kim Raymond H. , Metcalfe Kelly A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReflex genetic testing of tumor tissue is being completed to direct cancer treatment; however, the patient impact of this genetic testing model is unknown. This survey study evaluates psychological outcomes following tumor and germline genetic testing in individuals with a new diagnosis of high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Individuals were recruited from two hospitals in Toronto, Canada. Participants completed surveys 1 week after receiving tumor results and 1 week after receiving germline results (which included genetic counseling). Outcomes included cancer‐related distress (Impact of Events Scale: IES), genetic testing‐related distress (Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment: MICRA), and patient satisfaction. Paired t‐tests were used to evaluate differences in outcomes following each genetic test result; Cohen's d was used to evaluate effect size. Subgroup analyses were undertaken according to age at diagnosis (<60 years vs. ≥60 years) and test results (any positive vs. both negative). McNemar's test assessed differences in satisfaction. Fifty‐two individuals were included in the analyses. Mean IES scores were similar following disclosure of tumor and germline results (27.39 vs. 26.14; p = 0.481; d = 0.101). Compared to following tumor result disclosure, MICRA scores were significantly lower following receipt of germline results with genetic counseling (27.23 vs. 22.69; p = 0.007; d = 0.435). Decreases in MICRA scores from tumor to germline result disclosure were greater for those diagnosed <60 years or those who received only negative test results. Most individuals were satisfied/highly satisfied following tumor (85.7%) and germline (89.8%) results disclosure (p = 0.774). Reflex tumor, and subsequent germline, genetic testing is a new model of care for cancer patients. In our cohort, genetic testing‐related distress decreased significantly following receipt of germline results with genetic counseling, especially for individuals diagnosed under 60 years and those receiving only negative results. Most individuals were satisfied with this model of care.
Radiation therapist perceptions on how artificial intelligence may affect their role and practice
Authors: O'Shaughnessey Julie , Collins Mark L 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe use of artificial intelligence (AI) has increased in medical radiation science, with advanced computing and modelling. Considering radiation therapists (RTs) perceptions of how this may affect their role is imperative, as this will contribute to increasing the efficiency of implementation and improve service delivery.MethodsA peer‐reviewed anonymous survey was developed and completed by 105 RTs between April and June 2021. The online survey was distributed via the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia and the Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy newsletter as well as professional networks. The survey gained perceptions of the impact of AI on radiation therapy practice and RTs roles within Australia, and data were analysed using quantitative data analysis and thematic analysis.ResultsAutomation is used throughout radiation therapy practice, with 68% of RTs being optimistic about this. The majority (63%) had little to no knowledge of working with AI and 96% would like to learn more including the underpinnings of AI and its safe and ethical use. Many (66%) perceived AI would affect their role, including increasing their skillset and reducing mundane tasks, whereas others (23%) perceived it would reduce job satisfaction by increasing repetition and limiting their problem‐solving ability. AI was perceived to impact the patient positively (67%), increasing efficiency and accuracy of radiotherapy treatments; however, it could depersonalise patient care.ConclusionRTs perceive embracing AI in radiotherapy has the potential to advance the profession and improve the service to patients. If AI is implemented with sufficient training for greater understanding, and management uses these benefits to improve patient care, rather than replace RTs roles, then overall any negatives will be outweighed by the benefits.
Do CCR5 (CCR5Δ32) and TLR3 (RS5743313) gene polymorphisms prevent chronic hepatitis B infection?
Authors: Tuncel Burçin , Kaygusuz Sedat , Sayın Kocakap Derya Beyza , Aksoy Emel , Azkur Ahmet Kürşat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a significant health problem in human. HBV severity or sensitivity of patients may be based on the individual genetic factors significantly. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of CCR5 (CCR5Δ32), TLR3 (rs5743313) functional gene polymorphisms, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐ɣ) level in HBV infection, which are thought to play an important role in innate and acquired immunity in patients who have undergone HBV seroconversion and those who have chronic hepatitis B disease and receive treatment. One hundred patients who are became naturally immune against HBV infection (HBsAg negative, anti‐HBc IgG, and anti‐HBs IgG positive), and 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (>6 months HBsAg positive) who are receiving oral antiviral therapy were compared for CCR5Δ32, TLR3 (rs5743313) genotypes and serum IFN‐ɣ level. It was found that CCR5Δ32 polymorphism (Wt/Δ32 and Δ32/Δ32) was significantly higher in the chronic hepatitis B group (p = 0.048) but not for TLR3 gene polymorphism. However, serum IFN‐ɣ level was significantly higher in the HBV seroconversion group (75 ± 89 ng/ml) than in the chronic hepatitis B group (4.35 ± 17.27 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, a higher CCR5Δ32 allele frequency in patients with chronic hepatitis B might be considered as a marker of progression to chronic hepatitis.
Freezing stress induces changes in the morphophysiological of chickpea and wild mustard seedlings
Authors: Rastgoo Mehdi , Nezami Ahmad , Hasanfard Alireza , Nabati Jafar , Ahmadi‐Lahijani Mohammad Javad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWild mustard is one of the common and troublesome winter weeds of chickpea fields and a great competitor to reduce the chickpea productivity. Plant species (chickpeas cv. Saral and wild mustard) were compared at freezing temperatures (+4 as a control, 0, −4, −8, −12, −16, and −20°C) based on the morphophysiological traits and their recovery ability. Chickpea chlorophyll fluorescence was more sensitive to low temperatures than wild mustard. Chickpea and wild mustard Fv′/Fm′ (light‐adapted maximum efficiency of photosystem II [PSII] photochemistry) decrease 33% and 11% exposed to −16°C, respectively, compared with +4°C. Particularly at lower temperatures, wild mustard electrolyte leakage was smaller than that of chickpea; the temperature drop had a greater impact on the stems than the leaves. Per temperature degree drop from −12 to −20°C, the survival probability decreased by 12.5%. Wild mustard had a greater root dry matter (RDM) compared with chickpea plants. 50% dry matter depression temperature (RDMT50) could better distinguish among the species freezing response; wild mustard RDMT50 was ~1°C higher than chickpea. Plant survival and Fv′/Fm′ correlation suggested the reliability of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to assay plants freezing tolerance. The important contribution of a more powerful root system to wild mustard survival under adverse circumstances may be suggested by the positive association between plant survival and RDM. Higher tolerance of wild mustard to freezing stress ultimately leads to greater survival, regeneration, continued growth, and geographical distribution. Therefore, the wild mustard invasion will be possible in chickpea fields after freezing stress, especially in the cold climates and high‐altitude regions.
HOW POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY HELPS LEADERS CREATE INCLUSIVE, BETTER‐PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Miller Kathy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe author relates her experience applying the tenets of positive psychology to a manufacturing environment and explains how leaders in any sector can apply positive psychology for organizational success. Using this “in conjunction with lean manufacturing, a discipline based on creating value at the rate of customer demand built on the foundation of respect for the employees, resulted in multiple factories achieving significantly higher levels of operational performance. These factories were part of a $75 million division of a $12 billion diversified industrial publicly traded company that operates in fifty countries.” She relates the history of positive psychology, especially how “University of Pennsylvania professor Martin Seligman started a revolution, assembling researchers and psychology practitioners to work on the science of building well‐being.” She also explains the basics of the psychological concept associated with the late Stanford University professor Albert Bandura, self‐efficacy. She writes that “a leader’s self‐efficacy and the ability to create an environment where each workforce member can contribute to the business through their personal sense of self‐efficacy are critical ingredients in developing inclusive cultures.” Another important concept is optimism: “Leaders striving to create an inclusive culture for all the right reasons, including enhanced business performance, will benefit from optimism, a cornerstone of positive psychology.”
Predictors of Falls with Injuries in People with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Castro Isabella P.R. , Valença Guilherme T. , Pinto Elen Beatriz , Cavalcanti Helen M. , Oliveira‐Filho Jamary , Almeida Lorena Rosa S. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundFalls are frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD), but there is lack of information about predictors of injurious falls.ObjectivesTo determine predictors of falls with injuries in people with PD; to compare circumstances and consequences of falls in single and recurrent fallers.MethodsParticipants (n = 225) were assessed by disease‐specific, self‐report, and balance measures, and followed‐up for 12 months with a diary to record falls, their circumstances, and injuries. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Circumstances and consequences of falls presented by single and recurrent fallers were compared.ResultsA total of 805 falls were analyzed, 107 (13%) were falls with injuries. Multivariate logistic regression model revealed that greater PD duration and higher balance confidence were protective factors; better balance during gait, outdoor falls, and falls related to extrinsic factors were risk factors for falls with injuries, when compared to falls with no injuries. Multivariate multinomial regression model revealed that, when compared to zero fall, past falls and daily levodopa equivalent dose were predictors of falls with injuries; these predictors together with disability were predictors of falls with no injuries. Single falls (n = 27; 3%) were more common outdoors because of extrinsic factors, whereas recurrent falls (n = 778; 97%) were more common indoors because of intrinsic factors. Single falls led to more injuries than recurrent falls (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDifferent predictors of falls with injuries were obtained when different outcomes were compared. It should be noted that falls with injuries might be influenced by fall‐related activities and environmental factors. Single and recurrent falls differed on circumstances and consequences.
Plasmonic grating assisted photo‐absorption enhancement in terahertz photoconductive antenna
Authors: Lee Gyejung , Son Byungwoo , Ko Do‐Kyeong , Hong Sung‐Min , Lee Sungbae , Jang Jae‐Hyung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA large aperture photoconductive antenna (PCA) with a plasmonic grating structure was fabricated and characterized. The intensity of the terahertz radiation from the plasmonic PCA was enhanced two‐fold compared with that from the conventional PCA without the plasmonic grating structure. By using an electrically isolated nano‐grating structure, the performance enhancement was found to be due to the plasmonic effect other than bias field enhancement. The photo‐absorption enhancement near the GaAs surface and the plasmonic grating interface was investigated to elucidate the terahertz radiation enhancement mechanism in the plasmonic PCA. The highly localized electric field near the nanoscale grating shows optical absorption at the GaAs surface was enhanced. The enhanced optical absorption increased the photo‐generated carrier density at the device surface, leading to enhanced intensity and bandwidth of the terahertz radiation from the plasmonic PCA.
Designing and building radio frequency devices with tailored dielectric properties using additive manufacturing
Authors: de Oliveira Neto Antonio M. , Justo João F. , Beccaro Wesley , de Oliveira Alexandre M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis work presents a technique to produce radio frequency (RF) and microwave devices with relative permittivity () variations in specific locations. It is based on additive manufacturing, using two or more filaments, with different permittivities, which are introduced into the print head and mixed with designed proportions. While other techniques can vary the dielectric permittivity using air cavities along the object, our proposal allows varying permittivity without cavities, which provides devices with more stable properties. As an application of this technique in RF devices, a dielectric planar lens, with varying permittivity, was designed and built to work along with a planar Vivaldi antenna. The antenna plus lens system was experimentally measured, indicating gains of up to 1.98 dBi when compared to the system without the lens. It was also demonstrated that the lens has ultra‐wideband properties since it presented an increase in gain when compared to the reference one from 1.5 to 3.0 GHz.