bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Practices and Beliefs of Rice Farmers in the Second District of Capiz, Philippines
Authors: Magallanes Jocelyn 
Published: May 2022

People of a long time ago lived in harmony with nature. Because of their dependency on the environment and intimacy with nature, they have come up with a set of beliefs and traditions that becomes the basis of modern rice farming practices. This descriptive study aimed to investigate and document the indigenous practices and beliefs of rice farmers in the second district of Capiz, Philippines. Using the researcher’s made questionnaire and interview schedule, data were gathered from 59 rice farmers. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were in their middle age (45-57 years old) and were high school undergraduates. Before planting rice, farmers perform Bungad (planting rice and lemongrass in the corner of the rice field facing east). In planting rice, farmers assure that their stomach is full, the sea is in high tide, and the moon is in progress to the full moon. Another is Gabuo (throwing sliced turmeric while walking around the ripe grains for three consecutive afternoons) to drive away evil spirits. After harvesting, farmers perform pamutang butang or thanksgiving by offering a portion of their best yield to someone they believe mystic. Local farmers utilize mouse traps, dead animals, and plastic strips to get rid of rats, mole cricket, rice bugs, and birds (Maya), respectively. Indigenous practices and beliefs of farmers were based on their forefathers and from their personal observations and experiences. It is recommended that concerned agencies must document farmers’ indigenous beliefs and practices.
Action Research on Impact of 21st Century Pedagogy in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Dorji Nima 
Published: May 2022

The importance of educational transition towards its reform from traditional way to modern way in teaching learning is in much demand for effective teaching and learning process for the 21st century children in school.
This study begins with a discussion on the features of the 21st century pedagogy in effective teachings and learnings. It then analyses the finding of the surveys done for the students of grade IV- VI students (38 boys and 48 girls) of Rinchengang Primary School on the impact of 21st Centuray pedagogy.
It was mainly focused on the general interest of the children on the new 21st century pedagogies and the old traditional pedagogies. Since the study being focused on the impact, the quantitative method has been adopted to collect data and the purposive sampling with dialectic action research spiral techniques was used for the selective groups from each section.
The result was highly significant with difference between the old and new teaching learning pedagogy. For this particular study the four major components of Kagan’s 21st century Pedagogies like the CL structures, sitting arrangement, brain breaks and traffic signals were found effective in teaching and Learning.
The Italian Translation of the Supports Intensity Scale-Children (SIS-C Italian): Measurement Invariance and Differences
Authors: Shaw Leslie A , Thompson James R , Lombardi Marco , Croce Luigi , Speziale Roberta , Gomiero Tiziano , Shogren Karrie A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Supports Intensity Scale – Children's Version (SIS-C) was translated into Italian using a committee approach to translation. Latent modeling approaches enabled the leveraging of the large standardization sample from the U.S. (n = 4,015) to generate translation-specific norms from data collected in Italy (n = 435) for children and youth ranging ages 5-16 years placed in six evenly distributed age groups by country. Findings indicated the structure of the SIS-C (i.e., seven support need domains organized under an overall support needs construct), was supported in the Italian context. However, there were age-related differences in the U.S. and Italian samples. In the Italian sample, norms were established for the 5-8 years, 9-10 years, and 11-16 years age groups. Moreover, the Italian sample also differed from other European samples and SIS-C translations. The importance of understanding cultural contexts in interpreting findings from the SIS-C is discussed, along with ways in which SIS-C findings can be used to inform policy and practice in the Italian context.
Axonal injury in asymptomatic individuals preceding onset of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jons Daniel , Zetterberg Henrik , Biström Martin , Alonso‐Magdalena Lucia , Gunnarsson Martin , Vrethem Magnus , Blennow Kaj , Nilsson Staffan , Sundström Peter , Andersen Oluf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAxonal loss is the main cause of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Serum neurofilament light (sNfL) is a biomarker of axonal disintegration. In this nested case–control study, blood samples from 519 presymptomatic persons (age range 4–39 years) who later received an MS diagnosis showed higher sNfL concentrations than 519 matched controls (p < 0.0001), noticeable at least 10 years before clinical MS onset. Mean values for pre‐MS and control groups were 9.6 pg/mL versus 7.4 pg/mL 0–5 years before onset, and 6.4 pg/mL versus 5.8 pg/mL 5–10 years before onset. These results support that axonal injury occurs early in MS pathogenesis.
Unravelling the Nature of the Intrinsic Complex Structure of Binary‐Phase Na‐Layered Oxides
Authors: Paidi Anil K. , Park Woon Bae , Ramakrishnan Prakash , Lee Seong‐Hun , Lee Jin‐Woong , Lee Kug‐Seung , Ahn Hyungju , Liu Tongchao , Gim Jihyeon , Avdeev Maxim , Pyo Myoungho , Sohn Jung Inn , Amine Khalil , Sohn Kee‐Sun , Shin Tae Joo , Ahn Docheon , Lu Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe layered sodium transition metal oxide, NaTMO2 (TM = transition metal), with a binary or ternary phases has displayed outstanding electrochemical performance as a new class of strategy cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, an in‐depth phase analysis of developed Na1−xTMO2 cathode materials, Na0.76Ni0.20Fe0.40Mn0.40O2 with P2‐ and O3‐type phases (NFMO‐P2/O3) is offered. Structural visualization on an atomic scale is also provided and the following findings are unveiled: i) the existence of a mixed‐phase intergrowth layer distribution and unequal distribution of P2 and O3 phases along two different crystal plane indices and ii) a complete reversible charge/discharge process for the initial two cycles that displays a simple phase transformation, which is unprecedented. Moreover, first‐principles calculations support the evidence of the formation of a binary NFMO‐P2/O3 compound, over the proposed hypothetical monophasic structures (O3, P3, O′3, and P2 phases). As a result, the synergetic effect of the simultaneous existence of P‐ and O‐type phases with their unique structures allows an extraordinary level of capacity retention in a wide range of voltage (1.5–4.5 V). It is believed that the insightful understanding of the proposed materials can introduce new perspectives for the development of high‐voltage cathode materials for SIBs.
Engineering the Morphology and Component via Multistep Deposition of CsPbBr3Films toward High Detectivity and Stable Self‐Powered Photodetectors
Authors: Luo Manman , Yan Shikai , Wei Changting , Xue Lu , Liu Chengjun , Fayemi Omolola Esther , Bae Byung Seong , Shafie Suhaidi Bin , Xiao Mei , Li Qing , Zhao Zhiwei , Wu Jun , Lei Wei , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSelf‐powered perovskite photodetectors (PDs) have attracted tremendous interest for their promising advantages such as fast response speed and high detectivity. However, they usually suffer from severe operating instability issues stemming from the poor film quality, impurity phase formation, and numerous surface defects. Herein, the high performance and stable self‐powered PD based on CsPbBr3film is demonstrated using a multistep spin‐coating method. The annealing temperature of lead bromide (PbBr2) films and the spin‐cycles of cesium bromide (CsBr) are prioritized, which are two key factors for realizing efficient devices during multistep deposition of perovskite films. Results illustrate that these two factors affect the crystallization, covering properties, and the composition of the final film. The CsPbBr3film prepared from PbBr2treatment at 100 °C and CsBr spin‐coating for 8‐cycles has full coverage, higher phase purity, larger grain size, higher crystallinity, and fewer defects compared with the other counterparts. Therefore, the self‐powered PD based on optimized CsPbBr3film achieves an excellent specific detectivity of 7.01 × 1012Jones at 520 nm at 0 V bias voltage. In addition, 96.6% of the original photocurrent can be maintained after operating for 3600 s with 93% long‐term storage (8 weeks) in ambient air, indicating its potential applications in optoelectronics field.
Nearly 100% Exciton Utilization via Hybridized Inter‐ and Intramolecular Triplet Exciton Harvesting Channels in Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Hakjun , Patil Vilas Venunath , Lim Junseop , Min Byeong Ki , Rhee Young Min , Kim Young Kwan , Kim Taekyung , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA highly efficient anthracene‐based 5‐(4‐(10‐phenylanthracen‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐5H‐benzofuro[3,2‐c]carbazole (ATDBF) with nearly 100% exciton utilization efficiency is developed for highly efficient nondoped blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) through inter‐ and intramolecular triplet exciton up‐converting mechanisms. The ATDBF emitter opens hybridized hot excitons, triplet–triplet fusion (TTF), and mixed TTF/hot exciton channels for triplet exciton to singlet exciton conversion. The molecular design adopting a benzofuro[3,2‐c]carbazole (BFCz) donor manages the singlet and triplet excited states for hybridized triplet exciton up‐conversion mechanisms, which enable a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.93% in the ATDBF blue device with color coordinates of (0.15, 0.06). This is one of the best efficiencies of the nondoped blue OLEDs with a y color coordinate below 0.06.
Recent Advances of Thiamine in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Ning , Yu Xue , Zhang Yuewei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThiamine (VB1) has been proved to be a powerful biocatalyst for various organic transformations. VB1 offers several unique advantages, such as economical, non‐toxic, stable and water soluble. Excellent outcomes have been achieved in synthetic applications using VB1 as a catalyst. This review summarizes recent developments in the field of VB1 biocatalysis, allowing the construction of various biologically active heterocyclic scaffolds.magnified image
Unraveling the Simultaneous Enhancement of Selectivity and Durability on Single‐Crystalline Gold Particles for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Lim Yun Ji , Seo Dongho , Abbas Syed Asad , Jung Haeun , Ma Ahyeon , Lee Kug‐Seung , Lee Gaehang , Lee Hosik , Nam Ki Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction is a mild and eco‐friendly approach for CO2 mitigation and producing value‐added products. For selective electrochemical CO2 reduction, single‐crystalline Au particles (octahedron, truncated‐octahedron, and sphere) are synthesized by consecutive growth and chemical etching using a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDDA) surfactant, and are surface‐functionalized. Monodisperse, single‐crystalline Au nanoparticles provide an ideal platform for evaluating the Au surface as a CO2reduction catalyst. The polyDDA‐Au cathode affords high catalytic activity for CO production, with >90% Faradaic efficiency over a wide potential range between −0.4 and −1.0 V versus RHE, along with high durability owing to the consecutive interaction between dimethylammonium and chloride on the Au surface. The influence of polyDDA on the Au particles, and the origins of the enhanced selectivity and stability are fully investigated using theoretical studies. Chemically adsorbed polyDDA is consecutively affected the initial adsorption of CO2 and the stability of the *CO2, *COOH, and *CO intermediates during continuous CO2 reduction reaction. The polyDDA functionalization is extended to improving the CO Faradaic efficiency of other metal catalysts such as Ag and Zn, indicating its broad applicability for CO2 reduction.
Gerüsterweiterung eines Silicoids um ein einzelnes Germaniumatom über isolierte Zwischenprodukte
Authors: Poitiers Nadine E. , Huch Volker , Morgenstern Bernd , Zimmer Michael , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDas Wachstum von (Halb‐)Metallclustern ist entscheidend für Keimbildungsprozesse in gasförmigen und kondensierten Phasen. Wir berichten nun über die Isolierung von Zwischenprodukten während der Erweiterung eines stabilen, ungesättigten Siliciumclusters (Silicoid) um ein einzelnes Germaniumatom durch eine Abfolge von Substitution, Umlagerung und Reduktion. Die Reaktion von ligato‐lithiiertem Hexasilabenzpolaren LiSi6Tip5 (Li⋅(thf)2, Tip=2,4,6‐Triisopropylphenyl) mit GeCl2⋅NHC (NHC=1,3‐Diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐yliden) liefert zunächst das Produkt mit exohedraler Germanium(II)‐Funktionalität, die dann in eine Si−Si Bindung des Si6‐Gerüsts insertiert. Die gleichzeitige Übertragung der Chlorfunktionalität von Germanium auf ein benachbartes Siliciumatom bewahrt die elektronenpräzise Natur des gebildeten endohedralen Germylens. Der vollständige Einbau des Germaniumheteroatoms in den Si6Ge‐Clusterkern wird schließlich entweder durch Reduktion unter Verlust des koordinierenden NHC oder direkt durch Reaktion von 1Li⋅(thf)2 mit GeCl2⋅1,4‐Dioxan erreicht.
Design, synthesis, and biological activity of novel dithiocarbamate‐methylsulfonyl hybrids as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Osmaniye Derya , Türkeş Cüneyt , Demir Yeliz , Özkay Yusuf , Beydemir Şükrü , Kaplancıklı Zafer A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes are involved in many physiological events. These enzymes, which contain Zn2+ in their structure, can be easily inhibited by dithiocarbamate compounds. In addition, CA enzyme inhibitory activities are known in groups such as sulfonamide and methylsulfonyl. For this purpose, in this study, a series of 23 new dithiocarbamate‐methylsulfonyl derivatives were synthesized and their CA enzyme inhibitory activities were investigated. The inhibition potentials of the obtained compounds against the human CA I and CA II enzymes were investigated by the in vitro enzyme isolation method. It is seen that the compounds show activity at the nanomolar level. Molecular docking studies of the compounds were carried out by in silico methods. The poses of compounds 2a, 2e, 2o, and 2t are presented.
Utility Resilience and the Pandemic's Influence
Authors: Kumar Prabha , Borchers Michael , Nayar Subodh 
Published: May 2022

Key TakeawaysFour utility leaders discussed realities for their utilities one year into the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting key adaptive mechanisms and the long view of their road ahead.The pandemic provides an introspective mirror for utilities to assess their inherent strengths and vulnerabilities, but also to define and communicate proactive and adaptive best practices.In the utility sector, decisions of the past dictate the feasible range of responses in the present, and lessons learned today shape potential long‐term resilience.
Do not forget the classical catalyst poisons: The case of biomass to glycols via catalytic hydrogenolysis
Authors: te Molder Thimo D. J. , Kersten Sascha R. A. , Lange Jean‐Paul , Ruiz M. Pilar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe conversion of herbaceous biomass to glycols via tungstate catalyzed hydrogenolysis is challenging owing to its high content of extractives, inorganics and S/N, compared with woody biomass. We tested the hydrogenolysis performance of hay in batch autoclave experiments in the presence of soluble sodium polytungstate and Raney Ni at 245°C, both in excess of catalyst as well as under catalyst‐starving conditions. By this method, we found that additional tungstate and Raney Ni poisons, or at least their much higher concentrations, are present in the hay feedstock compared with woody biomass. It turns out that N‐ and in particular S‐containing components present in hay are the root cause for deactivation of the hydrogenation catalyst. From the experimental data we have derived feedstock criteria for N and S that should be targeted in terms of catalyst consumption for operation in an industrially relevant window. These challenging criteria urge the development of effective pretreatments for S/N removal or the employment of S/N‐tolerant catalysts in the field of catalytic biomass conversion. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agri‐biomass‐based bio‐energy supply model: An inclusive sustainable and circular economy approach for a self‐resilient rural India
Authors: Chaudhary Ved Prakash , Chandra Ram , Denis Derrick Mario , D'Silva Tinku Casper , Isha Adya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study evaluated the potential of a self‐resilient rural bio‐energy model using a case study from a village in Uttar Pradesh, India. A total biogas potential of 400 329 m3/year was estimated from area using agricultural residues and livestock wastes, thus capable of establishing biogas plants in a centralized (20 to 100 m3) or decentralized (2 to 20 m3) manner. For the three scenarios were considered in this study, i.e., (I) combined electricity and thermal energy generation, (II) for direct cooking, and (III) according to energy requirements, a maximum electricity generation and thermal energy potential were estimated to up to 800 658 and 1 200 988 kWh. A maximum amount of 162 646 kg.year–1 of firewood, 443 190 kg.year–1 of dung cake, 70 996 kg.year–1 of charcoal and 13 713 kg of liquified petroleum gas could be replaced using produced raw biogas, which is even higher if the biogas is upgraded. In the third scenario, a maximum surplus amount of 169 894 m3.year–1 of raw biogas and 221 969 m3.year–1 of upgraded biogas are available if all the available wastes are co‐digested. Vast cost opportunities and greenhouse gas emission reduction could result from replacing conventional cooking fuel and chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer, contributing to the local circular economy. Eventually, the study proposes and discusses a self‐resilient bio‐energy model comprising energy demand fulfillment, sustainability, and a circular economy for rural India. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic accuracy of de‐escalated surgical procedure in axilla for node‐positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Yu‐xin , Xu Zheng , Liang Ming‐xing , Liu Zhen , Hou Jun‐chen , Chen Xiu , Xu Di , Fei Yin‐jiao , Tang Jin‐hai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMore initial clinical node‐positive breast cancer patients achieve axillary pathological complete response (ax‐pCR) after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST). Restaging axillary status and performing de‐escalated surgical procedures to replace routine axillary lymph nodes dissection (ALND) is urgently needed. Targeted axillary lymph node biopsy (TLNB) is a novel de‐escalated surgical strategy marking metastatic axillary nodes before NST and targeted dissection and biopsy intraoperatively to tailor individual axillary management.MethodsThis study provided a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the feasibility and diagnosis accuracy of TLNB. Prospective and retrospective clinical trials on TLNB were searched from Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane. Identification rate (IFR), false‐negative rate (FNR), negative predictive value (NPV), and rate of ax‐pCR were the outcomes of this meta‐analysis.ResultsOne thousand nine hundred and twenty patients attempted TLNB, with an overall IFR of 93.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 90.1%–96.2%). IFR of three nodal marking methods, namely iodine seeds, clips, and carbon dye, was 95.6% (95% CI 91.2%–98.7%), 91.7% (95% CI 87.3%–95.4%), and 97.1% (95% CI 89.1%–100.0%), respectively. Of them, 847 patients received ALND, with an overall FNR of 5.5% (95% CI 3.3%–8.0%), and NPV ranged from 90.1% to 96.1%. Regression analysis showed that the overlap of targeted and sentinel biopsied nodes might associate with IFRs and FNRs.ConclusionTLNB is a novel, less invasive surgical approach to distinguish initial node‐positive breast cancer that achieves negative axillary conversion after NST. It yields an excellent IFR with a low FNR and a high NPV. A combination of preoperative imaging, intraoperative TLNB with SLNB, and postoperative nodal radiotherapy might affect the future treatment paradigm of primary breast cancer with nodal metastases.
Iridoid Glycosides from Phlomis Medicinalis Diels: Optimized Extraction and Hemostasis Evaluation
Authors: Lu Sitong , Zhang Zhaoyu , Liang Youling , Zhong Qingkun , Li Guangfa , Hu Zhang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhlomis medicinalis Diels, an important perennial herbal plant unique to the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, is often used as Tibetan Materia Medicine Radix Phlomii for the treatment of cold, cough, and convergence trauma. In order to efficiently extract the iridoid glycosides from P. medicinalis, an ultrasound‐assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction technique was employed. The main parameters influencing the extraction process were studied through single‐factor tests and the extraction was optimized by using response surface methodology. The hemostasis activity of total iridoid glycosides (TIG) from P. medicinalis was evaluated in vitro and in mice. The optimization results revealed that the optimal process parameters were liquid‐solid ratio 20 : 1, choline chloride‐lactic acid concentration 79 %, and sonication time 34 min, under which a TIG extraction yield of 20.73 % was obtained. Meanwhile, high‐performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array/mass spectrometry (HPLC‐PDA/MS) was employed to characterize the optimized extract and indicated that TIG from P. medicinalis mainly consisted of sixteen reported iridoid glycosides with a total content of 91.22 %. The experimental results in vivo and in vitro indicated that TIG from P. medicinalis had strong hemostasis activities, which may be achieved by increasing the fibrinogen levels. Therefore, the ultrasound‐assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction is an effective method to extract iridoid glycosides from P. medicinalis and they will be promising candidates to be developed for medical hemostasis agents.
Middle Scale Hydrogen Sulphide Conversion and Valorisation Technologies: A Review
Authors: Spatolisano Elvira , de Angelis Alberto R. , Pellegrini Laura A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe growing energy demand, together with the depletion of sweet gas reservoirs, impose the monetization of ultra‐sour natural gas fields with a high H2S content. To date, in large scale facilities, H2S is removed from natural gas through amine washing and it is converted to sulphur in the Claus process. The Claus process is the leading H2S conversion technology for large scale applications. Regarding small scale plants, scavengers are the most efficient and widely spread choice. On the other hand, present middle scale options show quite high operating costs. Therefore, research efforts are devoted to developing new intermediate scale alternatives with lower costs and easier operability. When developing a new process, the study of the state‐of‐the‐art is the first essential step. No systematic review of H2S valorisation technologies is available in literature. To fill this gap, the aim of this work is to summarize the available processes considering both commercial and novel tendencies for H2S conversion. For each technology, details about process operating conditions are discussed and the typical application is provided, when possible, together with the corresponding pros and cons.