bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness for Australian adolescents with‐or‐without neurodevelopmental disorders: the impact of COVID‐19 school lockdowns
Authors: Houghton Stephen , Kyron Michael , Lawrence David , Hunter Simon Charles , Hattie John , Carroll Annemaree , Zadow Corinne , Chen Wai 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe impact of COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic school lockdowns on the mental health problems and feelings of loneliness of adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is hypothesized to be greater than that of their non‐NDD peers. This two and a half year longitudinal study compared changes in the mental health and loneliness of Western Australian adolescents pre‐COVID‐19 (November 2018 and April 2019), immediately prior to COVID‐19 school lockdowns (March 2020), and post schools reopening (July/August 2020).MethodsAn age‐and‐gender matched sample of 476 adolescents with‐or‐without NDDs completed online assessments for mental health and loneliness.ResultsAdolescents with NDDs reported elevated levels of adverse mental health across all four waves of data collection. These young people experienced little change in mental health problems and feelings of loneliness over time, and any increase during school lockdowns returned to, or fell below pre‐COVID‐19 levels once schools reopened. In comparison, adolescents without NDDs experienced significant increases from a low baseline in depression symptoms, externalizing symptoms, feelings of isolation, and having a positive attitude to being alone, and evidenced a significant decline in positive mental wellbeing. Quality of friendships were unaffected by COVID‐19 school lockdowns for all adolescents regardless of NDD status. Of the adolescents with NDDs, those with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder reported a significant increase in positive mental wellbeing following school lockdowns.ConclusionsAdolescents with NDDs emerged relatively unscathed from COVID‐19 school lockdowns and the short term impacts associated with these were not maintained over time. These findings should be considered in the context of this study’s geographical location and the unpredictability of school lockdowns. Learning to live with school lockdowns into the future may be a critical element for further investigation in the context of interventions.
Management, supervision, and healthcare: A field experiment
Authors: Dunsch Felipe A. , Evans David K. , Eze‐Ajoku Ezinne , Macis Mario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe used a randomized management consulting intervention with 80 public‐sector healthcare facilities in Nigeria to study the role of information, training, and supervision on the adoption of improved organizational practices. Facilities that received detailed improvement plans and 9 months of implementation support—including regular visits to monitor progress and set intermediate goals related to the plans—showed large, significant short‐term effects on the adoption of practices that were under the responsibility of facility staff. Facilities that received general improvement advice but no implementation support showed no change in practices. Implementation support appears crucial for improvements, especially in contexts without market incentives for the adoption of effective managerial practices.
Psychometric evaluation of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care instrument using Item analysis according to the Rasch model
Authors: Boecker Maren , Iglesias Katia , Peytremann‐Bridevaux Isabelle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) instrument assesses patient care in alignment with the chronic care model. The aim of the study was to comprehensively validate the PACIC using the Rasch model. A special focus was placed on the investigation of local dependence (LD), differential item functioning (DIF) and targeting.MethodThis secondary analysis utilized data of 760 patients with a diagnosis of diabetes who had participated in the Swiss CoDiab‐VD cohort study. The psychometric properties of the French PACIC‐version were evaluated using the Rasch model. DIF was investigated in relation to age, gender, education, year of recruitment into the CoDiab‐VD cohort study, type of diabetes and whether patients got an injectable antidiabetic drug or not.ResultsThe initial analysis of the PACIC revealed poor fit to the Rasch model (χ2‐p < 0.001) with response dependency being the most prominent problem. After combining the items into two testlets (testlet 1: Items 1–11; testlet 2: Items 12–20), good overall model fit was found (χ2‐p = 0.77) as well as good reliability (Person Separation Index = 0.85) and targeting. DIF with regard to whether patients got an injectable antidiabetic drug or not was found for testlet 2. However, the size of this DIF was regarded as not being substantial.ConclusionThe PACIC is a well‐targeted, reliable unidimensional instrument to assess patient care in alignment with the chronic care model in patients with diabetes. It is free of substantial DIF. The PACIC‐20 sum score can hence be used in clinical practice for individual diagnostic. For evaluation purposes like assessment of change or group evaluations, the usage of the interval‐scale level person parameters is recommended as it permits using parametric statistical analyses and provides a more accurate picture about the actual amount of change.
Pragmatic Trials in Long‐Term Care: Research Challenges and Potential Solutions in Relation to Key Areas of Care
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Zimmerman Sheryl , Gaugler Joseph , Ouslander Joseph , Abrahamson Kathleen , Brandt Nicole , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen , Galik Elizabeth , Gravenstein Stefan , Mody Lona , Sloane Philip D. , Unroe Kathleen , Verbeek Hilde 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a method of research, pragmatic trials are recommended so as to generate results that are applicable to real‐world care. This intent is especially important for the millions of older adults who receive long‐term care in thousands of nursing homes and assisted living communities across the country—and many millions more around the globe. This article presents key points raised by experts participating in a conference funded by the National Institute of Aging held at the 2021 conference of the Society for Post‐Acute and Long‐term Care Medicine. The purpose of the conference was to convene leading clinicians, researchers, and industry partners to address special considerations of pragmatic trials in long‐term care. Cross‐cutting and unique challenges and solutions to conducting pragmatic trials were discussed focusing on 3 areas of clinical relevance to long‐term care: (1) functional care and outcomes, (2) psychosocial care and quality of life, and (3) medical care and outcomes, with a special focus on persons with dementia. Challenges and innovative solutions were organized across the 9 domains of the revised Pragmatic‐Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS) Tool, and future research recommendations for pragmatic trials in long‐term care were identified.
Assessment of placental abruption with diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Mizutani Teruyuki , Kotani Tomomi , Kato Noriko , Imai Kenji , Ushida Takafumi , Nakano‐Kobayashi Tomoko , Kinoshita Yoshimi , Ito Masato , Kinoshita Fumie , Yamamuro Osamu , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate whether placental abruption without fetal distress could be assessed by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case–control study at a single center. ADC values at the lesions of placental abruption in the abruption group (n = 8) were compared to those in the control group (n = 32). In the abruption group, ADC values at the sites of abruption were also compared to those at the nonabruption sites within the same placenta.ResultsThe ADC values in the placental area above the abruption site in the abruption group showed lower values than those in the control group when the slice containing the umbilical cord insertion site was set as the reference, and those values were compared in each corresponding slice. Compared with average ADC values, those above the abruption site in the abruption group were also significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, ADC values at the area above abruption were lower than those at the nonabruption area of all planes in the abruption group.ConclusionsADC values at the lesions above the placental abruption site were reduced compared to those in the normal placenta and those in the nonabruption area. Thus, it would be helpful to understand the pathophysiology of placental abruption in expectant management, although further investigations would be needed.
CEOs' marital status and corporate innovation
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zheng Huanhuan , Lam Desmond , Fu Xiaoqing Maggie , Li Mengling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCorporate innovation is an important driver of a firm's value and long‐term growth. It is the outcome of the creation and/or recreation of new and existing knowledge as well as resources of a firm. Innovation adds values not only to the firm, but also to its suppliers and customers. Drawing on upper echelon theory, this paper examines the effect of the marital status of corporate executives on firms' innovation efficiency, as measured by R&D productivity. To do so, we combine financial data on U.S. listed firms with data on CEOs' identities, their compensations, and their firms' R&D productivity. Our results show a strong connection between unmarried chief executive officers (CEOs) among Standard & Poor's (S&P) 1500 companies and elevated levels of corporate innovation efficiency. The association continues to hold when we control for a set of CEO attributes and adopt alternative identification strategies such as propensity score matching and difference‐in‐difference analysis. Moreover, the observed positive impact is more pronounced when the CEOs have higher levels of discretion due to lower institutional shareholding and smaller firm size. Further evidence indicates that unmarried CEOs generate higher impact innovation and exhibit a greater tolerance for failure, which are the possible mechanisms that underpin the observed association between unmarried CEOs and superior innovation outcomes. Our findings have potential implications for understanding variations in innovation practices between firms and can help firms to identify executives who are more likely to generate innovation and drive growth via R&D. The latter will be particularly important during periods of firm expansion and downsizing.
Are Overconfidence and the Accurate Calibration of Performance Mutually Incompatible?1
Authors: Lee Eunju J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated whether calibration accuracy in metacognitive judgment on performance and the positively biased self‐evaluation of competence are distinct and whether they play independent roles in learning. A sample of 432 sixth‐graders reported their pre‐test competence for solving math problems and the post‐test calibration of performance, and these measures were compared with their actual math‐test scores to compute overconfidence and calibration accuracy. Data analyses indicated (a) that a positive correlation existed between accurate calibration and overconfidence; (b) that high‐achieving students calibrated performance accurately but overestimated their competence; and (c) that accurate calibration and overconfidence independently predicted positive learning behaviors, highlighting that both self‐evaluation indices contribute to self‐regulated learning in their own way.
Effect of Resistance Training Combined with Beta‐Hydroxy‐Beta‐Methylbutyric Acid Supplements in Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia after Hip Replacement
Authors: Han Zhe , Ji Neng‐neng , Ma Jian‐xiong , Dong Qiang , Ma Xin‐long 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of resistance training (RT) combined with beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyric acid (HMB) in the treatment of elderly patients with sarcopenia after hip replacement.MethodsFrom January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, 200 elderly patients (68 men, mean age 76.3 years and 137 women, mean age 79.1 years) who experienced femoral neck fracture with sarcopenia after hip arthroplasty were assigned to four groups: RT + HMB group, RT group, HMB group, and negative control group. Baseline data, body composition, grip strength, Barthel index (BI), Harris hip score (HHS), and visual analog scale score (VAS) were compared among the four groups before and 3 months after surgery.ResultsA total of 177 participants completed the trial, including 43 in the HMB + RT group, 44 in the HMB group, 45 in the RT group, and 45 in the negative control group. At the 3‐month follow‐up, the body composition and grip strength of the HMB + RT group and RT group were significantly improved compared with those before operation. The HMB group had no significant change, while the measures in the negative control group significantly decreased. Postoperative BI and HSS did not reach pre‐injury levels in any of the four groups, but postoperative VAS score was significantly improved. However, there was no significant difference in BI, HSS, or VAS among the four groups.ConclusionRT, with or without HMB supplementation, can effectively improve body composition and grip strength in elderly patients with sarcopenia after hip replacement at short‐term follow‐up. Simultaneously, use of exclusive HMB supplementation alone may also help to prevent decreases in muscle mass and grip strength in these patients.
Long‐term outcomes of intestinal transplantation from donors aged under 1 year
Authors: Chang Yu‐Tang , Soltys Kyle , Khanna Ajai , Bond Geoffrey J. , Ganoza Armando , Rudolph Jeffrey A. , Sindhi Rakesh , Mazariegos George V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to analyze the long‐term outcomes of transplants utilizing ITx donors <1 year and to compare these results with older donors.MethodsBetween January 2007 and December 2019, the primary ITx donors in the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC were retrospectively reviewed. Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of recipients receiving a deceased donor organ from donors <1 year were compared with those found in all other recipients.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 89 primary ITx donors, using 30 donors (33.7%) aged <1 year. The mean age of their recipients was 1.6 ± 0.7 (0.7–3.2) years. The 30 graft types were isolated intestine (n = 3, 10.0%), liver bowel (n = 20, 66.7%), and multivisceral (n = 7, 23.3%). Technical complications occurred in 12 (40.0%) recipients. Candidates transplanted with intestine allografts from donors <1 year of age had shorter wait times (p < .001), more liver‐inclusive grafts (p < .001), and less donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) (p = .014). During follow‐up, the recipients had less graft loss (p = .018), and more remained alive with graft in place (p = .011). Among children transplanted with such donors, 3‐year and graft survival rates were 86.7% and 82.9% compared to 62.8% and 49.9% in the cohort of donors >1 year (p = .032 and .011).ConclusionsDonor age <1 year was associated with improved graft survival. Optimal utilization of this population for toddler candidates would increase intestine availability, reduce time to transplantation, and potentially improve long‐term outcome.
Understanding Twenty Years of Inequality and Poverty Trends in Russia
Authors: Lisina Anastasiya , Van Kerm Philippe 
Published: February 2022

The distribution of income in Russia changed significantly over the past 25 years. This paper examines the factors that have been driving the fall in inequality and poverty over two recent decades in the Russian Federation. Changes in earnings from public and private sectors and pensions have been the main sources of changes in the income distribution between 1994 and 2015. Falling inequality and poverty were the result of a decrease in the dispersion of private sector earnings and an increase in the levels of pensions and public sector earnings. Neither the evolution of socio‐demographic characteristics nor the level or structure of employment alone had big impacts.
Co‐worker peer effects on parental leave take‐up
Authors: Carlsson Magnus , Reshid Abdulaziz Abrar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate co‐worker peer effects in the use of parental leave in Sweden. We use an instrumental variable approach called “peers of peers”, in which the parental leave taken by family peers (siblings and cousins) of co‐workers is used as an instrument for co‐workers’ use of parental leave. For fathers, we find that a 10‐day increase in the average parental leave taken by co‐workers increases their use of parental leave by approximately one and a half days, while, for mothers, the increase is approximately one day. The results are robust to alternative model specifications. We explore possible mechanisms and discuss policy implications.
High magnesium mitigates the vasoconstriction mediated by different types of calcium influx from monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertensive rats
Authors: Zhuang Xiao‐Ling , Zhu Zhuang‐Li , Huang Qiu‐Hong , Yan Fu‐Rong , Zheng Si‐Yi , Lai Su‐Mei , Jiao Hai‐Xia , Lin Mo‐Jun 
Published: February 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the involvement of Mg2+ in mitigating the vasoconstriction in pulmonary arteries and smaller pulmonary arteries in the monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (MCT‐PAH) rat model?

What are the main finding and its importance?
Both store‐operated Ca2+ entry‐ and receptor‐operated Ca2+ entry‐mediated vasoconstriction were enhanced in the MCT‐PAH model. High magnesium inhibited vasoconstriction by directly antagonizing Ca2+ and increasing NO release, and this was more notable in smaller pulmonary arteries.

AbstractIncreased extracellular magnesium concentration has been shown to attenuate the endothelin‐1‐induced contractile response via the release of nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelium in proximal pulmonary arteries (PAs) of chronic hypoxic mice. Here, we further examined the involvement of Mg2+ in the inhibition of vasoconstriction in PAs and distal smaller pulmonary arteries (sPAs) in a monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (MCT‐PAH) rat model. The data showed that in control rats vasoconstriction in sPAs is more intense than that in PAs. In MCT‐PAH rats, store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE)‐ and receptor‐operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE)‐mediated contraction were significantly strengthened. However, there was no upregulation of the vasoconstriction mediated by voltage‐dependent calcium entry (VDCE). Furthermore, high magnesium greatly inhibited VDCE‐mediated contraction in PAs rather than sPAs, which was the opposite of the ROCE‐mediated contraction. Moreover, monocrotaline pretreatment partly eliminated the endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in PAs, which in sPAs, however, was still promoted by magnesium due to the increased NO release in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). In conclusion, the findings suggest that both SOCE‐ and ROCE‐mediated vasoconstriction in the MCT‐PAH model are enhanced, especially in sPAs. The inhibitory effect of high magnesium on vasoconstriction can be achieved partly by its direct role as a Ca2+ antagonist and partly by increasing NO release in PMVECs.
Firearms: the leading cause of years of potential life lost
Authors: Klein Joshua , Prabhakaran Kartik , Latifi Rifat , Rhee Peter 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesData from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that firearm deaths are increasing in the USA. The aims of this study were to determine the magnitude of potential years of life lost due to firearms and to examine the evolution of firearm deaths on the basis of sex, race, and geographical location within the USA.MethodsData was extracted (2009–2018) from the National Vital Statistics Reports from the CDC and the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System database. Years of potential life lost was calculated by the CDC standard of subtracting the age at death from the standard year of 80, and then summing the individual years of potential life lost (YPLL) across each cause of death.ResultsThe YPLL in 2017 and 2018 was higher for firearms than motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). In 2018, the YPLL for firearms was 1.42 million and 1.34 million for MVC. Males comprised the majority (85.4%) of the 38 929 firearm deaths. White males had the most YPLL due to suicide, with 4.95 million YPLL during the course of the 10-year period; black males had the most YPLL due to homicide with 3.2 million YPLL during the same time period. The largest number of suicides by firearms was in older white males. Firearm-related injury deaths were highest in the South, followed by the West, Midwest, and Northeast, respectively.ConclusionFirearms are now the leading cause of YPLL in trauma. Firearm deaths have overtaken MVC as the mechanism for the main cause of potential years of life lost since 2017. Suicide in white males accounts for more YPLL than homicides. Deaths related to firearms are potentially preventable causes of death and prevention efforts should be redirected.Level of evidenceLevel III—Descriptive Study.
Improving the Dilation of a Metric Graph by Adding Edges
Authors: Gudmundsson Joachim , Wong Sampson 
Published: February 2022

Most of the literature on spanners focuses on building the graph from scratch. This article instead focuses on adding edges to improve an existing graph. A major open problem in this field is: Given a graph embedded in a metric space, and a budget of
k
edges, which
k
edges do we add to produce a minimum-dilation graph? The special case where
k=1
has been studied in the past, but no major breakthroughs have been made for
k > 1
. We provide the first positive result, an
O(k)
-approximation algorithm that runs in
O(n
3
log
n
) time.
Predictors of Response to Oral Medications and Low-Histamine Diet in Patients with Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Chiang Hui-Ling , Chen Chen-Hung , Koo Malcolm , Tsai Tzung-Yi , Wu Cheng-Han 
Published: February 2022

Background. Chronic urticaria (CU) is comprised of diverse phenotypes, and thus, a shift towards a precision medical approach is warranted in its management. Methods. This study enrolled 78 patients with CU. Serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, hematocrit, eosinophil count, IgE, antinuclear antibody (ANA), and serum diamine oxidase (DAO) levels of the patients were measured and were compared according to the patient’s response to second-generation antihistamines (sgAH), corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA), H2 blockers, and low-histamine diet. Results. Age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that patients with duration of

CU
>
3

years (adjusted odd ratio

aOR

=
4.39

) and a

DAO

level
<
10

U
/
mL

(

aOR
=
3.90

) were significantly associated with a good sgAH response.

Age
>
50

years (

aOR
=
0.02

), duration of

chronic

urticaria
>
3

years (aOR =0.06), and an

ANA

titer
≥
1
:
80

(

aOR
=
0.03

) were significantly and inversely associated with corticosteroid response. A low-histamine diet response was significantly associated with LTRA response (

aOR
=
67.29

). In addition, a DAO

level
<
5.4

U
/
mL

(

aOR
=
71.95

) was significantly associated with H2 blocker response. Furthermore, concomitant angioedema (

aOR
=
10.56

), multiple food triggers (

aOR
=
11.69

), and a

DAO

level
<
5.4

U
/
mL

(

aOR
=
3.78

) were significantly associated with a low-histamine diet response. Conversely, dermatographic urticaria and a

hematocrit

level
<
36
%

were significantly and inversely associated with low-histamine diet response. Conclusions. Several promising biomarkers were identified in this study to predict the efficacy of chronic urticaria treatment. DAO could be a novel biomarker for predicting the efficacy not only of dietary intervention but also for antagonists of H1 and H2 receptors.