bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Identify Pediatric Trauma Patients Needing Lifesaving Interventions
Authors: Ashby David W. , Balakrishnan Binod , Gourlay David M. , Meyer Michael T. , Nimmer Mark , Drendel Amy L. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the role of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in identifying pediatric trauma patients who required lifesaving interventions (LSIs).

Methods
Prospective cohort study of children age 0 to 18 years who activated the trauma team response between August 15, 2017, and February 12, 2019, at a large, urban pediatric emergency department (ED).
The relationship between the lowest somatic NIRS saturation and the need for LSIs (based on published consensus definition) was investigated. Categorical variables were analyzed by χ2 test, and continuous variables were analyzed by Student t test.

Results
A total of 148 pediatric trauma patients had somatic NIRS monitoring and met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 65.5% were male with a mean ± SD age of 10.9 ± 6.0 years. Injuries included 67.6% blunt trauma and 28.4% penetrating trauma with mortality of 3.4% (n = 5). Overall, the median lowest somatic NIRS value was 72% (interquartile range, 58%–88%; range, 15%–95%), and 43.9% of patients had a somatic NIRS value <70%. The median somatic NIRS duration recorded was 11 minutes (interquartile range, 7–17 minutes; range, 1–105 minutes). Overall, 36.5% of patients required a LSI including 53 who required a lifesaving procedure, 17 required blood products, and 17 required vasopressors. Among procedures, requiring a thoracostomy was significant.
Pediatric trauma patients with a somatic NIRS value <70% had a significantly increased odds of requiring a LSI (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–4.20). Somatic NIRS values <70% had a sensitivity and specificity of 56% and 63%, respectively.

Conclusions
Pediatric trauma patients with somatic NIRS values <70% within 30 minutes of ED arrival have an increased odds of requiring LSIs. Among LSIs, pediatric trauma patients requiring thoracostomy was significant. The role of NIRS in incrementally improving the identification of critically injured children in the ED and prehospital setting should be evaluated in larger prospective multicenter studies.
Perioperative Pain Management in Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Pfaff Miles J. , Nolan Ian T. , Musavi Leila , Bertrand Anthony A. , Alford Jake , Krishna Vikram , Arowojolu Omotayo A. , Zhu Xiao , Lee Justine C. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Developing effective strategies to manage perioperative pain remains a focus of cleft care. The present study’s purpose was to systematically review perioperative pain control strategies for cleft lip and palate repair.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed. Primary outcomes included pain scale scores and time to analgesia failure. Cohen d normalized effect size permitted comparison between studies, and a fixed-effects model was used for analysis. I
2 and Q-statistic p values were calculated.

Results:
Twenty-three studies were included: eight of 23 studies provided data for meta-analytic comparison. Meta-analyses evaluated the efficacy of intraoperative nerve blocks on postoperative pain management. Meta-analysis included a total of 475 treatment and control patients. Cleft lip studies demonstrated significantly improved pain control with a nerve block versus placebo by means of pain scale scores (p < 0.001) and time to analgesia failure (p < 0.001). Measurement of effect size over time demonstrated statistically significant pain relief with local anesthetic. Palatoplasty studies showed significantly improved time to analgesia failure (p < 0.005) with maxillary and palatal nerve blocks. Multiple studies demonstrated an opioid-sparing effect with the use of local anesthetics and other nonopioid medications. Techniques for nerve blocks in cleft lip and palate surgery are reviewed.

Conclusions:
The present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies demonstrates that intraoperative nerve blocks for cleft lip and palate surgery provide effective pain control. Opioid-sparing effects were appreciated in multiple studies. Intraoperative nerve blocks should be considered in all cases of cleft lip and palate repair to improve postoperative pain management.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Intimate partner violence and oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among young African women
Authors: Giovenco Danielle , Pettifor Audrey , Powers Kimberly A. , Hightow-Weidman Lisa , Pence Brian W. , Celum Connie , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Hosek Sybil , Donnell Deborah , Anderson Peter L. , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Bekker Linda-Gail 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
To estimate the effect of intimate partner violence (IPV) on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW).

Design:
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from HIV Prevention Trials Network 082 (HPTN 082), a multisite prospective study designed to assess oral PrEP adherence among AGYW in southern Africa.

Methods:
We estimated the relative prevalence of high PrEP adherence 3 and 6 months after initiation among AGYW 16–25 years who reported a history of any IPV in the past year at enrollment versus AGYW who did not, both overall and by age. High adherence was defined as an intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate concentration at least 700 fmol/punch or more dried blood spots.

Results:
Among 409 PrEP-initiating AGYW, half (49%) reported experiencing any IPV by a current/recent partner in the year prior to enrollment. Overall, a similar proportion of AGYW who reported IPV had high PrEP adherence at months 3 and 6 as AGYW who did not report IPV. There was, however, evidence of effect modification by age at month 3: among AGYW less than 21 years old, those who reported IPV were less than half as likely to have high adherence [adjusted PR (aPR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22–0.86]; among AGYW aged 21 years or older, those who reported IPV were more than twice as likely to have high adherence (aPR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.34–3.66). At month 6, effect estimates within each age stratum were consistent in direction to those at month 3.

Conclusion:
IPV events may either impede or motivate PrEP adherence among African AGYW, with age appearing to be an important consideration for IPV-related adherence interventions.
Guanxin Xiaoban capsules could treat atherosclerosis by affecting the gut microbiome and inhibiting the AGE–RAGE signalling pathway
Authors: Dongliang Yin , Yang Rong , Peng Sha , Deng Jing , Huo Yanjie , Deng Zhe , Yau Yuenming , Liu Jianhe , Liao Duanfang , Cheng Choufu 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disorder in which plaque builds up in the arteries and is associated with several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, cerebral infarction and cerebral haemorrhage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new medications to treat or prevent atherosclerosis.

Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The active components of Guanxin Xiaoban capsules may have an effect on the gut microbiome of patients with atherosclerosis and have a role in their therapeutic targets.

Aim. The aim of this study was to identify genes and pathways targeted by active ingredients in Guanxin Xiaoban capsules for the treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology and analysis of changes to the gut microbiome.

Methods. Mice were treated with Guanxin Xiaoban capsules. The 16S rDNA genome sequence of all microorganisms from each group of faecal samples was used to evaluate potential structural changes in the gut microbiota after treatment with Guanxin Xiaoban capsules. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect gene targets in aortic and liver tissues. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe improvements in mouse arterial plaques.

Results. The gut microbiota of atherosclerotic mice is disturbed. After Guanxin Xiaoban treatment, the abundance of bacteria in the mice improved, with an increase in the proportion of

Akkermansia

and a significant decrease in the proportion of

Faecalibaculum

. The main ingredients of Guanxin Xiaoban capsules are calycosin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, ammonium glycyrrhizate, aloe emodin, rhein and emodin. The core genes of this network were determined to be glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A). The compound–target gene network revealed an interaction between multiple components and targets and contributed to a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of the capsules on atherosclerosis. In addition, expression of the AGE–receptor for the AGE (RAGE) pathway was significantly inhibited and the mice showed signs of arterial plaque reduction.
Guanxin Xiaoban capsules may improve atherosclerosis and reduce the plaque area by inhibiting the AGE-RAGE signalling pathway to delay the development of atherosclerosis. This mechanism appears to involve changes in the gut microbiota. Therefore, Guanxin Xiaoban capsules have potential value as a treatment for atherosclerosis.
Studying the Effect of Oral Transmission on Melodic Structure using Online Iterated Singing Experiments
Authors: Anglada-Tort Manuel , Harrison Peter M. C. , Jacoby Nori 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince generations, singing and speech have been mainly transmitted orally. How does oral transmission shape the evolution of music? Here, we developed a method for conducting online transmission experiments, in which sung melodies are passed from one singer to the next. We show that cognitive and motor constraints play a profound role in the emergence of melodic structure. Specifically, initially random tones develop into more structured systems that increasingly reuse and combine fewer elements, making melodies easier to learn and transmit over time. We discuss how our findings are compatible with melodic universals found in most human cultures and culturally specific characteristics of participants’ previous musical exposure. Overall, our method efficiently automates online singing experiments while enabling large-scale data collection using standard computers available to everyone. We see great potential in further extending this work to increase the efficiency, scalability, and diversity of research on cultural evolution and cognitive science.
Optimal location and sizing of various DG units in real distribution substation using heuristic approach
Authors: M.L. Merlin Sajini , S. Suja , S. Merlin Gilbert Raj 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of the study is distributed generation planning in a radial delivery framework to identify an appropriate location with a suitable rating of DG units energized by renewable energy resources to scale back the power loss and to recover the voltage levels. Though several algorithms have already been proposed through the target of power loss reduction and voltage stability enhancement, further optimization of the objectives is improved by using a combination of heuristic algorithms like DE and particle swarm optimization (PSO).

Design/methodology/approach
The identification of the candidate buses for the location of DG units and optimal rating of DG units is found by a combined differential evolution (DE) and PSO algorithm. In the combined strategy of DE and PSO, the key merits of both algorithms are combined. The DE algorithm prevents the individuals from getting trapped into the local optimum, thereby providing efficient global optimization. At the same time, PSO provides a fast convergence rate by providing the best particle among the entire iteration to obtain the best fitness value.

Findings
The proposed DE-PSO takes advantage of the global optimization of DE and the convergence rate of PSO. The different case studies of multiple DG types are carried out for the suggested procedure for the 33- and 69-bus radial delivery frameworks and a real 16-bus distribution substation in Tamil Nadu to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and distribution system performance. From the obtained results, there is a substantial decrease in the power loss and an improvement of voltage levels across all the buses of the system, thereby maintaining the distribution system within the framework of system operation and safety constraints.

Originality/value
A comparison of an equivalent system with the DE, PSO algorithm when used separately and other algorithms available in literature shows that the proposed method results in an improved performance in terms of the convergence rate and objective function values. Finally, an economic benefit analysis is performed if a photo-voltaic based DG unit is allocated in the considered test systems.
The role of economic policy uncertainty in forecasting housing prices volatility in developed economies: evidence from a GARCH-MIDAS approach
Authors: Fan Ting , Khaskheli Asadullah , Raza Syed Ali , Shah Nida 
Published: May 2022

PurposeIn the past few years, numerous economic uncertainty challenges have occurred globally. These uncertainties grasp the attention of the researchers and they examine the role of economic policy uncertainties in several aspects. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature by exploring the house prices volatility and economic policy uncertainty nexus in G7 countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors applied the newly introduced econometric technique, the GARCH-MIDAS model, to the sample size of January 1998–May 2021.FindingsThe result shows a significant relationship between house prices volatility and economic policy uncertainty. Moreover, economic policy uncertainty acts as a significant determinant of house prices volatility. In addition, the out-of-sample also shows that the economic policy uncertainty is an effective predictor and the GARCH-MIDAS has a better predictive ability.Originality/valueThis paper makes a unique contribution to the literature with reference to developed economies, being a pioneering attempt to investigate the GARCH-MIDAS model to analyze the relationship between housing prices volatility and economic policy uncertainty by applying more rigorous and advanced econometric techniques.
Forging the nation state: an advertising history of Tata Steel, India
Authors: Sreekumar Hari , Pratap Sankalp 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an advertising history of Tata Steel from its inception in 1907 to 2007 when it completed 100 years of operation. The authors use postcolonial theory to highlight the intertwining of advertising with the broader project of anticolonial resistance and postcolonial nation-building.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a visual analysis of a compilation of advertisements published by Tata Steel to commemorate 100 years of its existence, spanning the years from 1907 to 2007. They also used ads and posters available on the website of the Tata Steel Archives. Published work on Tata Steel such as books and papers provided contextualization.

Findings
Advertising creatives, through selective deployment of anticolonial discourses, manage the contradictory pulls of emergent nationalism on the one hand and the pragmatic need to work with the colonial administration on the other. However, such a negotiation leads to moments of slippage, where advertising reinforces colonial tropes. At a broader level, the authors suggest that despite attempts to draw on subversive discourses of resistance used by nationalists, Tata Steel’s advertising is inescapably intertwined with the larger matrix of colonial and capitalist power.

Originality/value
This study contributes to a non-Western perspective on advertising history. Further, it provides understanding of the marketing activities of a large corporation, which straddles the colonial and postcolonial era of India, an important economy.
Distinct Taphrina strains from the phyllosphere of birch exhibiting a range of witches' broom disease symptoms
Authors: Christita Margaretta , Sipilä Timo P. , Auzane Agate , Overmyer Kirk 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe phyllosphere is an important microbial habitat and reservoir of organisms that modify plant health. Taphrina betulina is the causal agent of birch witches' broom disease. Taphrina species are dimorphic, infecting hosts in the filamentous form and residing in the host phyllosphere as non‐infectious yeast. As such, they are expected to be found as resident yeasts on their hosts, even on healthy tissues; however, there is little experimental data supporting this supposition. With the aim of exploring the local infection ecology of T. betulina, we isolated yeasts from the phyllosphere of birch leaves, using three sample classes; infected leaves inside symptom‐bearing branches, healthy leaves from symptom‐free branches on symptom‐bearing trees and leaves from symptom‐free branches on symptom‐free trees. Isolations yielded 224 yeast strains, representing 11 taxa, including T. betulina, which was the most common isolate and was found in all sample classes, including symptom‐free samples. Genotyping revealed genetic diversity among these T. betulina isolates, with seven distinct genotypes differentiated by the markers used. Twenty‐two representative T. betulina strains were selected for further study, revealing further phenotypic differences. These findings support that T. betulina is ubiquitous on birch and that individual trees host a diversity of T. betulina strains.
A Preliminary Literature Review on the Effect of Immigration On Australian Domestic Employment and Wages
Authors: Boucher Anna , Breunig Robert , Karmel Cecilia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of immigration on domestic Australian employment levels and wages are ongoing and controversial topics. While this topic has been considered extensively in other countries, in particular the United States and the United Kingdom, these findings have limited application to Australia given differences in immigration settings between these contexts. We review the existing literature and conclude that further research in the Australian context is needed given its high rates of both permanent and temporary immigration, its complex visa structure, the unusual nature of its industrial relations system and the geographical concentration of its population. In particular, more attention to the temporary migrant population is required in future studies.
Does Monetary Policy Stabilise Food Inflation in India? Evidence From Quantile Regression Analysis
Authors: Samal Asharani , Goyari Phanindra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examines the role of monetary policy shocks on food inflation in India, spanning from January 2009 to December 2019. Utilising quantile regression analysis, we find that contractionary monetary policy stabilises food inflation across the quantiles. However, exchange rate and transportation cost play a substantial role in promoting food inflation in lower, middle and all quantiles. Our study also reveals that monetary policy transmission through exchange rate and asset price channels increases food inflation across all quantiles. In contrast, bank credit and interest rate channels reduce it in lower and median quantiles, that is, at lower rates of inflation.
An emerging populist welfare paradigm? How populist radical right‐wing parties are reshaping the welfare state
Authors: Chueri Juliana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPopulist radical right‐wing parties (PRRPs) in Western Europe have almost without exception shifted their position on distributive issues, abandoning their earlier support for a minimal welfare state in favor of higher social spending. Recent studies suggest that PRRPs' distributive preferences go beyond the clash between simply expanding or retrenching welfare; instead, they defend a specific welfare state that focuses on consumption policies for the “deserving.” Drawing on this literature and the welfare paradigm literature, this paper suggests that PRRPs are not only welfare chauvinist but that they promote what we call a “dualistic” welfare state: protectionism for the “deserving” and neoliberal for the “undeserving.” To unpack PRRPs' welfare attitude and verify their influence on welfare reforms, this study focuses on two cases in which a PRRP cooperated with governing parties: Denmark (2009–2011) and Austria (2017–2019). The study confirms that PRRPs pursued a coherent but dual approach to welfare state distribution. Policy negotiations show that PRRPs successfully pursue austerity and workfare measures for social policies targeting the “undeserving,“ while preserving and expanding consumption policies for the “deserving.” This paper thus contributes to the research on PRRPs' welfare attitudes and, more broadly, the recent welfare transformations in Western Europe.
Self‐absorption and performance in Tanci fiction: Eighteenth‐century Chinese conceptions of identity in comparative perspective
Authors: Jin Wen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article provides an analysis of Zaishengyuan, an eighteenth‐century romance authored by Chen Duansheng, who exemplifies the ways in which early modern Chinese women entered the field of prose fiction. Alienated from the vernacular novel, literary women in eighteenth‐century China were channelled into tanci, a genre of narrative fiction connected to romances and manuscript culture. With exuberant representations of female cross‐dressing and many other forms of self‐transformation, Zaishengyuan experiments with radical conceptions of individual identity as discontinuous and self‐determined. It illuminates a social ecology of fiction writing that both differs from and resonates with that in eighteenth‐century Europe.
‘This Mighty Fabric’: Allan Ramsay, British Union, and the Body of the King
Authors: Paulett Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAllan Ramsay's 1760‐1761 portrait of the young King George III in his coronation robes depicted the new king as both a metaphoric and a literal embodiment of England, its constitution and its people. A member of the Edinburgh Enlightenment, Ramsay's portrait emphasised the idea of union as a moral correction to the problem of faction, echoing the rhetoric and ideas of his more famous acquaintances David Hume and William Hogarth, as well as the constitutional ideas of his most prominent patrons, King George III and his advisor, the third earl of Bute. Ramsay thus painted both a king and a new understanding of nation and empire.
Identity and Anonymity in Lady Mount Cashell's 1798 Rebellion Broadside
Authors: Wolf Alexis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article attributes a republican broadside of the 1798 Irish Rebellion to Anglo‐Irish aristocrat Margaret Moore, Lady Mount Cashell. I consider ‘The Bard of Erin’ broadside in light of several overlapping factors including Mount Cashell's earlier relationship with her governess Mary Wollstonecraft, participation in women's networks of antiquarian sociability in Dublin and her affinity with the United Irish cause. The broadside exemplifies Enlightenment ideals of classical republicanism in Ireland, while Mount Cashell's anonymous involvement illustrates the often‐concealed contribution of women writers to radical print culture. The article includes the full text of ‘The Bard of Erin’.