bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital Discharge Instructions: Characteristics, Accessibility, and National Guideline Adherence
Authors: Rodriguez Victoria A. , Boggs Elizabeth F. , Verre Michael C. , Siebenaler Mary Katherine , Wicks Jennifer S. , Castiglioni Cynthia , Palac Hannah , Garfield Craig F. 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVESThe content of pediatric hospital discharge instructions is highly variable. This study aimed to describe the characteristics, accessibility per patient literacy level and language, and national guideline adherence of pediatric hospital discharge instructions.METHODSThis retrospective study assessed discharge instructions at a tertiary children’s hospital. Patient and instruction characteristics, including patient health literacy level, grade level of instructions, patient language preference, and language of instructions were collected via chart review and electronic medical record query. Standard admission processes assessed health literacy via Brief Health Literacy Screening. The association between demographic and clinical characteristics and adherence to Solutions for Patient Safety guidelines was analyzed by using unadjusted and adjusted analysis methods.RESULTSOf 240 discharge instructions, 25% were missing at least 1 recommended content area: signs of worsening, where to seek help, or medication reconciliation. A patient health literacy deficit was identified in 15%; the mean grade level of instructions was 10.1. Limited English proficiency was reported among 17% one quarter of whom received language concordant instructions. Use of discharge instruction templates and discharge services were associated with improved guideline adherence (P &lt;.001). Almost one-half of the study population had a complex medical history, which was associated with decreased guideline adherence (P = .04).CONCLUSIONSOne-quarter of discharge instructions for this predominantly medically complex population failed to meet national standards. Accessibility was often limited by the reading grade level or discordant language of instructions. Templates may be a valuable tool for improving discharge instruction content, accessibility, and adherence to national guidelines.
Screening of Lactobacillus from breast milk and infant feces and evaluation of their bile salt tolerance
Authors: Huang Yujun , Yu Junjuan , Yan Haodong , Zhang Chenchen , Kang Wenli , Pan Lina , Wang Jiaqi , Dai Zhiyong , Gu Ruixia 
Published: October 2022

The intestinal bile salt concentration of infants is lower than that of adults, and the necessary bile salt tolerance of probiotics for infants remains unclear. In this study, Lactobacillus strains were isolated from breast milk and infant feces. The strains with better bile salt tolerance were screened, and their bile salt tolerance was compared with Lactobacillus strains from the adult intestine. The results showed that the bile salt concentration had a better distinguishing effect when it was 0.075 and 0.1%. Among the 28 strains of Lactobacillus with better bile salt tolerance, there were 16 strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, among which eight strains had greater than 70% survival under 0.075% bile salt and two strains had more than 50% survival under 0.1% bile salt. L. plantarum strains isolated from breast milk and infant feces had a significantly lower survival rate than those isolated from the adult intestine (P < 0.05) under 0.1% bile salt, while there was no significant difference in the survival rate under 0.075% bile salt (P > 0.05). Therefore, the demands for bile salt tolerance of probiotics for infants might be lower than that for adults. It is suggested that the standard for the screening of probiotics from breast milk and infant feces should differ from adults.
Activation of Stimulator of IFN Genes (STING) Causes Proteinuria and Contributes to Glomerular Diseases
Authors: Mitrofanova Alla , Fontanella Antonio , Tolerico Matthew , Mallela Shamroop , Molina David Judith , Zuo Yiqin , Boulina Marcia , Kim Jin-Ju , Santos Javier , Ge Mengyuan , Sloan Alexis , Issa Wadih , Gurumani Margaret , Pressly Jeffrey , Ito Marie , Kretzler Matthias , Eddy Sean , Nelson Robert , Merscher Sandra , Burke George , Fornoni Alessia 
Published: October 2022

Significance Statement
A signaling molecule that plays a role in the innate immune system, stimulator of IFN genes (STING), is a crucial regulator of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-STING pathway. This signaling pathway regulates inflammation and energy homeostasis under conditions of obesity, kidney fibrosis, and AKI, but its exact role in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases remains unclear. The authors found that activation of STING in wild-type mice is sufficient to cause albuminuria and podocyte loss, and that the cGAS-STING signaling pathway is upregulated in mice with experimental diabetic kidney disease and Alport syndrome. They also demonstrated that either genetic or pharmacologic STING inhibition confers protection from kidney disease progression. These findings suggest that this signaling pathway plays an important role in mediating glomerular dysfunction.

Background
The signaling molecule stimulator of IFN genes (STING) was identified as a crucial regulator of the DNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-STING pathway, and this signaling pathway regulates inflammation and energy homeostasis under conditions of obesity, kidney fibrosis, and AKI. However, the role of STING in causing CKD, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and Alport syndrome, is unknown.

Methods
To investigate whether STING activation contributes to the development and progression of glomerular diseases such as DKD and Alport syndrome, immortalized human and murine podocytes were differentiated for 14 days and treated with a STING-specific agonist. We used diabetic db/db mice, mice with experimental Alport syndrome, C57BL/6 mice, and STING knockout mice to assess the role of the STING signaling pathway in kidney failure.

Results

In vitro, murine and human podocytes express all of the components of the cGAS-STING pathway. In vivo, activation of STING renders C57BL/6 mice susceptible to albuminuria and podocyte loss. STING is activated at baseline in mice with experimental DKD and Alport syndrome. STING activation occurs in the glomerular but not the tubulointerstitial compartment in association with autophagic podocyte death in Alport syndrome mice and with apoptotic podocyte death in DKD mouse models. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of STING protects from progression of kidney disease in mice with DKD and Alport syndrome and increases lifespan in Alport syndrome mice.

Conclusion
The activation of the STING pathway acts as a mediator of disease progression in DKD and Alport syndrome. Targeting STING may offer a therapeutic option to treat glomerular diseases of metabolic and nonmetabolic origin or prevent their development, progression, or both.
The Effects of a High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet on the Intestine of Rats Were Attenuated by Sparassis latifolia Polysaccharides
Authors: Wei Xin , Gao Yuan , Cheng Feier , Yun Shaojun , Chang Mingchang , Cao Jinling , Cheng Yanfen , Feng Cuiping 
Published: October 2022

Research background. Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides can regulate lipids and cholesterol in serum and liver. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism of the polysaccharides on cholesterol metabolism and especially the causal relationship with gut microbiota regulation. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of S. latifolia polysaccharides and further development of functional foods.
Experimental approach. In this study, we investigated how the regulation mechanism of Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides affects intestinal cholesterol metabolism in high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-fed rats. Briefly, enzymatic colorimetric microplate assay was used to determine the concentration of faecal bile acid. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the content of cholesterol and alcohol in faeces. Haematoxylin and eosin staining method was applied to observe the changes in the structure of the small intestine tissue. The related gene expressions in jejunum and ileum were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The related protein expressions in jejunum were studied by using Western blot. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the intestinal flora changes of the caecal contents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to detect the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the caecal content.
Results and conclusions. The results showed that Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides could improve the intestinal morphological structure and physiological indices in rats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Moreover, it could improve intestinal cholesterol metabolism disorder induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol diets via the reduction of the expression of HMGCR, NPC1L1, ACAT2, MTP, ASBT and IBABP mRNA or protein, increasing ABCG8 mRNA expression. In addition, it could also increase the relative abundance of Bac- teroides, Butyricicoccus, Parabacteroides, Parasutteerella and Alloprevotella and the short-chain fatty acid concentration, to comprehensively regulate the intestinal cholesterol metabolism. The metabolomics analysis found that Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides could affect lipid, carbohydrate and other related metabolites. Some biomarkers associated with cholesterol metabolism correlated significantly with the abundance of specific intestinal microbiota.
Novelty and scientific contribution. These findings indicate that Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides could attenuate intestinal cholesterol metabolism disorder, correlating with modulating gut microbiota and improving host metabolism. They provide theoretical support for the development of Sparassis latifolia as a new food resource.
Comparative evaluation of the results of phacoemulsification using domestic and foreign viscoelastics
Authors: Dzhaliashvili Georgiy Z. , Farikova Elmaz E. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Phacoemulsification, being the safest technique, is the golden standard of cataract surgery worldwide. However, as any surgery, it is accompanied by inevitable damage to intraocular structures. The most prevalent among them is the loss of corneal endothelial cells. In order to prevent these complications, various viscoelastics with particular features and characteristics are widely used.
AIM: To compare the anatomical and functional state of ocular structures after standard phacoemulsification with monofocal posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using domestic (Kogevisc and Adgevisc) and foreign (Viscoat and Amvisc Plus) viscoelastics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 cataract patients (60 eyes) were included in the clinical study, which were divided into two equal groups. In the first group (30 patients, 30 eyes), Adgevisc and Kogevisc (Solofarm, Russia) were used during the procedure. The mean age of the patients was 66 11 years. In the second group (30 patients, 30 eyes), Viscoat (Alcon) and Amvisc Plus (BauschLomb) were used. The mean age of the patients was 69.03 10.44 years. All patients underwent phacoemulsification with the implantation of the AcrySof IOL (model SA60AT, Alcon) according to the standard technique. Visual acuity, IOP level, CCT, corneal endothelial cell density were assessed. All studies were performed before surgery, the next day, 7 days and 1 month after surgery.
RESULTS: In patients of the second group, on the 1st (p 0.05) and 7th day (p 0.01) after surgery, a statistically significant increase in IOP was revealed compared to the first group. The central cornea thickness in the early postoperative period was higher in patients of the second group, however, it was not statistically significant. The loss of corneal endothelial cells 1 month after surgery was 8.5 7.0% (p 0.01) in the first group and 6.6 6.4% in the second group (p 0.01). The mean value of endothelial cell loss in patients of the first group was higher, however, it was not statistically significant. The best corrected visual acuity in both groups at all stages of follow-up after surgery (days 1, 7 and 30) was comparable, there was no significant difference between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The clinical efficacy of domestic adhesive and cohesive viscoelastics Adgevisc and Kogevisc (Solofarm, Russia) in phacoemulsification using the soft-shell technique is comparable to the foreign analogues Viscoat (Alcon) and Amvisc Plus (Bausch Lomb), which is confirmed by the absence of statistically significant differences in the studied parameters of the postoperative state of ocular structures and explained by their similar composition, molecular weight and viscosity.
Management of ureterovaginal fistula: a retrospective study
Authors: Sharma Divya , Chaudhary Ranjit 
Published: October 2022

Background: Ureterovaginal fistulae are a rare but extremely serious complication of gynaecologic surgery. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of endourology in the management of ureterovaginal fistulae.Methods: Retrospective study from August 2018 to April 2022 comprising 18 consecutive cases. Patients ranged from 25-45 years, most common preceding gynaecological intervention was total abdominal hysterectomy, most common presenting complaint was urinary leak. All patients in which the imaging studies showed the ureter communicating with the urinary bladder were taken up for primary stenting. Rest of the cases were subjected to a urinary diversion by percutaneous nephrostomy.Results: 12 cases had fistula on right and 6 on left side. Imaging studies showed communication in 12 cases in which primary retrograde stenting was attempted. We were successful in 8 cases. In remaining 10 cases percutaneous nephrostomy was done. In the 10 cases of urinary diversion, antegrade stenting could be done in 3 cases. 2 out of these did not show any ureteric communication in the initial imaging studies. Overall, 11/18 cases (61.1%) could be stented, rest 7 cases were managed by ureteric reimplantation.Conclusions: Primary retrograde stenting should be considered the primary mode of intervention in all cases of ureterovaginal fistula where imaging studies show a ureteric communication with the bladder. When it is not possible or when imaging studies fail to demonstrate a communication, achieve a urinary diversion by nephrostomy and reassess after 2 weeks. All cases managed by endoscopic approach must be followed up after stent removal.
Multiple stab incision technique to prevent postoperative acute compartment syndrome of leg in proximal and segmental fracture tibia and fibula: a prospective study
Authors: Naik K. Parthasarathi , S. Shankarlinga , Kyavater Basavaraj S. , M. Prashanthkumar 
Published: October 2022

<p>The objective is to study the effectiveness of Multiple stab incision technique in preventing acute compartment syndrome (ACS) in proximal and segmental fractures of both bones (Tibia and fibula) in leg. This study is prospective done<strong> </strong>at K. S. Hospital Koppal, Karnataka spanning for a period of one year (April 2020 to April 2021). A total of 20 patients of both genders aged 20-60 years were included in the study. Multiple stab incision technique was performed in patients after fixation of Tibia by either closed nailing or MIPPO plating. This procedure was done under spinal anesthesia. Multiple stab incision technique significantly decreased the chances of post-op ACS in proximal and segmental fractures of both bones (tibia and fibula) in leg. Multiple stab incision technique is help full in preventing developing compartment syndrome.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><h2> </h2>
Jednostka i historia w myśli Rousseau i Kanta
Authors: Pieniążek Paweł 
Published: October 2022

Artykuł przedstawia Rousseau i Kanta wizje historii w perspektywie zależności tej drugiej od pierwszej. Przede wszystkim skupia się na ukazaniu ich wewnętrznych trudności i wewnętrznych napięć, zdecydowanie więcej miejsca poświęcając filozofii historii Kanta. Koncepcję tę ujmuje jako zwieńczenie teleologicznej struktury rozumu ludzkiego, nadając jej status praktyczno-moralnej fikcji i odrzucając jej wykładnię teoretyczno-naturalistyczną. Następnie analizowane są trudności odnoszące się do wykładni moralnej. Analiza ta prowadzi do tezy, że właśnie pod ich ciężarem moralnie rozumiana historiozofia Kanta faktycznie załamuje się, nie będąc w stanie znieść nieusuwalnego napięcia między porządkami moralnym i legalnym historii i ostatecznie kryjącego się za nim napięcia między jednostką i historią; tkwiło ono więc w samych moralnych podstawach tej ostatniej.
Zagadnienie „zwrotu” w myśli Heideggera w kontekście dziejowości bycia
Authors: Murzicz Paweł 
Published: October 2022

Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia „zwrotu”(Kehre) w myśli Martina Heideggera. Pokazuję i uzasadniam, że postawione w Byciu i czasie pytanie o bycie z pozycji bytu wyróżnionego, jakim jest Dasein, doprowadziło do uprzedmiotowienia bycia powielając, a nie przezwyciężając, dotychczasowy, według Heideggera metafizyczny, sposób myślenia. Zwrot w myśli Heideggera polega na tym, że próbuje on uniezależnić bycie od człowieka, tj. próbuje wyjść poza transcendentalny i subiektywistyczny punkt widzenia Dasein poprzez umieszczenie dziejowości Dasein na tle dziejowości samego bycia. To nie Dasein projektuje bycie, lecz przeciwnie, bycie projektuje rozumienie dla Dasein.
W tym kontekście pokazuję, że postulowane przez Heideggera myślenie bycia przybiera postać myślenia samego procesu istoczenia się dziejowych wykładni bycia.
Apofatyka w fenomenologicznych rozważaniach o sztuce
Authors: Krawiec Andrzej 
Published: October 2022

W fenomenologii coraz częściej obserwujemy zainteresowanie filozofów wczesną myślą chrześcijańską – w tym apofatyką – co nie pozostaje bez wpływu na pojmowanie roli i znaczenia sztuki. „Niewidzialność” w sztuce oraz objawienie Boga poprzez dzieło artystyczne stanowi tajemnicę, wobec której tradycyjne modele estetyki filozoficznej nie znajdują w pełni satysfakcjonujących wyjaśnień. Teologia negatywna – wraz z kluczową dla niej drogą apofatyczną – wnosi do współczesnych debat estetycznych nową perspektywę rozumienia dzieła sztuki, a jej „redukcyjne” zastosowanie odnajdujemy zwłaszcza w teorii ikony. Analiza ikony dokonana przez Pawła Florenskiego w wielu punktach wykazuje zbieżność z kategorią „fenomenu przesyconego” Jeana-Luca Mariona, a redukcja henologiczna Henry’ego Duméry’ego — uzupełniająca i zarazem przekraczająca redukcje Edmunda Husserla — rozszerza horyzont „niewidzialnego” wymiaru sztuki o relację, jaką duch (inteligibilność) nawiązuje z Transcendencją. W niniejszym artykule wskazuję na spójność współczesnej refleksji fenomenologicznej z wczesnochrześcijańską apofatyką oraz teorią ikony, a także stawiam pytania o zasadność i przydatność tak skonstruowanej koncepcji estetyczno-teologicznej jako ogólnej filozoficznej teorii sztuki.
Umiarkowana obrona sceptycyzmu
Authors: Walicki Jakub 
Published: October 2022

Artykuł stanowi próbę ukazania wiarygodności filozofii sceptycznej oraz jej ścisłego związku z mądrością. Objaśniam w nim podstawowe założenia sceptycyzmu, które staram się następnie zrewidować w kontekście kilku nowoczesnych „tropów sceptycznych” (retoryczny charakter wszelkiej argumentacji, gry językowe L. Wittgensteina, hermeneutyczna koncepcja wiedzy). Uwzględniając najczęściej spotykane zarzuty w stosunku do filozofii sceptycznej, objaśniam ich ograniczenia, powołując się na uwagi Sekstusa Empiryka. W ostatniej części artykułu ukazuję sceptycyzm jako pewien sposób bycia, który posiada istotne walory moralne.
Myśl polityczna Jacka Kuronia w perspektywie republikańskiej
Authors: Miksa Joanna 
Published: October 2022

W artykule przedstawiam propozycję analizy myśli Jacka Kuronia w perspektywie republikańskiej. Wykorzystuję przy tym pojęcie przestrzeni wspólnej w wersji zaproponowanej przez Hannę Arendt oraz pojęcia podstawowe dla współczesnego republikanizmu w wersji zaproponowanej przez Philipa Pettita. Podstawowe tematy i pojęcia obecne w filozofii Pettita są obecne także w myśli Kuronia, w szczególności przekonanie o potrzebie aktywnego uczestnictwa obywateli w życiu publicznym. Jako polityk aktywny Kuroń brał udział w budowaniu instytucji państwowych po 1989 roku, z wprowadzeniem modelu gospodarki wolnorynkowej włącznie. Zmiany te przełożyły się na pojawienie się dramatycznie wysokiego poziomu bezrobocia. W myśli politycznej Kuronia można znaleźć uwagi i propozycje rozwiązań tego problemu, które można zinterpretować jako zgodne z duchem republikanizmu.
Heterotopy of the hysterical body
Authors: Mackiewicz Wojciech , Barański Jarosław 
Published: October 2022

Heterotopia is the space of otherness, a counter-space. A very specific type of heterotopia is a human’s body, especially in its illness and sickness. Hysteria, the disease which can imitate many other diseases, is here a crucial example. From its ancient beginnings until today hysteria makes us reflect on the essence of illness and disease, on the definition of the human condition, on the social role of a healthy and ill human body, etc. The archeology of hysteria explains how disorders shape medical standards.
Szlachetny dzikus Jeana-Jacques’a Rousseau, a anarchoprymitywistyczny powrót do natury
Authors: Gołda Michał 
Published: October 2022

Idea „szlachetnego dzikusa” przedstawiona przez Jeana Jacquesa Rousseau została wykorzystana w rozważaniach anarchoprymitywistów. Celem artykułu jest porównacie „szlachetnego dzikusa” Rousseau ze współczesnym „szlachetnym dzikusem” anarchoprymitywistów. Człowiek żyjący w stanie natury Rousseau to figura retoryczna, za sprawą której francuski filozof chciał rozważyć opozycję życia w naturze i poza naturą. Wydobyć różnicę między ludźmi funkcjonującymi w społeczeństwach cywilizowanych, a dzikimi jednostkami pozostającymi w pełnej symbiozie z naturą. Według niego porzucając przyrodę na rzecz życia w społeczeństwie, „szlachetny dzikus” stracił wiele pierwotnych i naturalnych przymiotów, zyskując w zamian profity potrzebne do zbiorowej egzystencji. Anarchoprymitywistyczna technofobia wyraża się w przekonaniu, że nauka i technika nie są w stanie dać człowiekowi szczęścia oraz prowadzą do degradacji środowiska, alienacji człowieka z natury I zniewolenia ludzi przez system. Postulowany przez nich powrót do natury ma na celu odrzucenie technologii, cywilizacji i społecznych zwierzchności oraz przejście z osiadłego do łowiecko-zbierackiego trybu życia. Ma to na nowo „obudzić” w ludziach szczęśliwego, szlachetnego dzikusa. Czy jest to jednak możliwe? Czy człowiek żyjący w symbiozie z naturą, postulowany przez anarchoprymitywistów, jest jedynie figurą retoryczną, jak obecny w filozofii Rousseau szlachetny dzikus? Czy możliwy jest prawdziwy powrót do natury, czy są to tylko I wyłącznie ideologiczne spekulacje?
The progress of civilization and the de dicto/de re distinction
Authors: Ebner Maria 
Published: October 2022

In this paper I present my own argument in support of the thesis that de dicto beliefs are, in at least one sense, more basic than de re beliefs. This argument rests on the fact of the progress of civilization, which appears, as I try to demonstrate, not to be possible without de dicto beliefs constituting a key part of the mental processes of the inventor. My argument is to counterweigh the force of Tyler Burge’s argument for the fundamentality of de re beliefs, leading to the conclusion that beliefs de re are a necessary condition of language understanding and having propositional attitudes at all (Burge 1977, p. 347-348). The first part of the paper is devoted to the examination of the structure of different versions of transcendental arguments – objective and subjective, the second part focuses on an analysis of Burge’s argument from language understanding, while the aim of the third part is to present the Reader with the argument from the progress of civilization. The exposition of the argument is followed by a discussion of certain possible objections which the argument may face.