bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of secondary flow channels on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in curved microchannel
Authors: Mamidi Nitin Kumar , Balasubramanian Karthik , Kumar Kupireddi Kiran , V. P. Chandramohan , Sahu Yash Kishor kumar , Mahesh Pallikonda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrochannel‐assisted cooling technologies have found extremely suitable for compact heat exchangers surpassing conventional fan‐assisted heat sink solutions. Though extensive research was done on straight channels, research on curved microchannel is scant. In the present study, hydraulic flow characteristics and cooling performance of curved microchannel with secondary flow (CMCSF) with four different oblique angles are investigated numerically and compared with conventional curved microchannel (CCMC). A 3D conjugate heat transfer analysis is performed for four CMCSFs and CCMC using commercial software ANSYS Fluent with Reynolds number (Re) ranging between 125 and 325. A part of fluid from main channel is diverted into the secondary channels, leading to re‐initialization of boundary layers. Also, this diverted flow that is fed into adjacent main channels consecutively results in better fluid mixing. Owing to these two phenomena, there is a huge enhancement in heat dissipation through the channel. The results revealed a Nusselt number increment of up to 80.12% for CMCSF in comparison with CCMC. Moreover, the average wall temperature was recorded lowest for CMCSF with oblique angle 30°, which is 8.83°C lower in comparison with CCMC for same Re. For the entire range of Re considered, the overall performance of all CMCSFs was found better than CCMC with maximum performance factor of 1.62 being achieved with secondary channel orientation of 24°.
Proteomics Landscape Mapping of Organ‐Resolved Behçet's Disease Using In‐Depth Plasma Proteomics for Identifying Hyaluronic Binding Protein 2 Expression Associated With Vascular Involvement
Authors: Cheng Linlin , Wang Dongxue , Wang Zhimian , Li Haolong , Wang Guibin , Wu Ziyan , Xu Meng , Yan Songxin , Zhan Haoting , Wang Hongye , Zhang Xiaomei , Liang Te , Wei Chundi , Zhang Fengchun , Zheng Wenjie , Yu Xiaobo , Li Yongzhe 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to elucidate the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of Behçet's disease (BD) involving different organs using in‐depth proteomics to identify the biomarkers for clinical assessment and treatment of patients with BD.MethodsWe measured the expression levels of proteins in plasma samples from 98 patients with BD and from 31 healthy controls using our in‐depth proteomics platform with a data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometer and antibody microarray. We performed bioinformatics analyses of the biologic processes and signaling pathways that were changed in the BD group and constructed a proteomics landscape of organ‐resolved BD pathogenesis. We then validated the biomarkers of disease severity and the vascular subset in an independent cohort of 108 BD patients and 29 healthy controls using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe BD group had 220 differentially expressed proteins, which discriminated between BD patients (88.6%) and healthy controls (95.5%). The bioinformatics analyses revealed different biologic processes associated with BD pathogeneses, including complement activation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and leukocyte‐mediated immunity. Furthermore, the constructed proteomics landscape of organ‐resolved BD identified proteomics features of BD associated with different organs and protein targets that could be used for the development of therapeutic treatment. Hyaluronic binding protein 2, tenascin, and serpin A3 were validated as potential biomarkers for the clinical assessment of vascular BD and treatment targets.ConclusionOur results provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of organ‐resolved BD in terms of proteomics characteristics and potential biomarkers for clinical assessment and potential therapies for vascular BD.
De Novo Gain‐Of‐Function Variations in LYN Associated With an Early‐Onset Systemic Autoinflammatory Disorder
Authors: Louvrier Camille , El Khouri Elma , Grall Lerosey Martine , Quartier Pierre , Guerrot Anne‐Marie , Bader Meunier Brigitte , Chican Julie , Mohammad Malaïka , Assrawi Eman , Daskalopoulou Aphrodite , Arenas Garcia Angela , Copin Bruno , Piterboth William , Dastot Le Moal Florence , Karabina Sonia A. , Amselem Serge , Giurgea Irina 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the molecular basis of a severe systemic autoinflammatory disorder (SAID) and define its main phenotypic features, and to functionally assess the sequence variations identified in LYN, a gene encoding a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase.MethodsWe used targeted next‐generation sequencing and in vitro functional studies of Lyn phosphorylation state and Lyn‐dependent NF‐κB activity after expression of recombinant Lyn isoforms carrying different sequence variations.ResultsWe identified a de novo LYN variation (p.Tyr508His) in a patient presenting since birth with recurrent fever, chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis, arthralgia, increased inflammatory biomarkers, and elevated plasma cytokine levels. We studied the consequences on Lyn phosphorylation state of the p.Tyr508His variation and of the 2 LYN variations reported so far (p.Tyr508Phe and p.Tyr508*), and found that all 3 variations prevent phosphorylation of residue 508 and lead to autophosphorylation of Tyr397. Additionally, these 3 LYN variations activate the NF‐κB pathway. These results show a gain‐of‐function effect of the variations involving Tyr508 on Lyn activity.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the pathogenicity of the first 3 LYN variations identified in SAID patients and delineates the phenotypic spectrum of a disease entity characterized by severe, early‐onset, systemic inflammatory disease affecting neonates with no family history of SAID. All 3 LYN variations affect the same tyrosine residue located in the C‐terminus of Lyn, thereby demonstrating the critical role of this residue in the proper regulation of Lyn activity in humans.
“Preparing them for the profession”: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of anatomy educators coping with complexity in the United Kingdom curriculum
Authors: Kirkness Karen B. , Bazira Peter J. , Finn Gabrielle M. , Nizza Isabella E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEfforts to integrate the basic sciences into the ever‐changing curriculum are a trending area of research in health professions education. Low‐stakes, high‐frequency assessment methods such as the progress test are now widely implemented in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland as a means of furthering curricular integration toward contemporary goals of competency and professional identity formation. The anatomy educator's experience vis‐à‐vis these curricular changes is not well understood. This study aimed to explore how anatomy educators make sense of the shifting demands of their role. The interviews were semi‐structured, particularly concerned with the phenomenon of teachers adapting to the complexity of their learning environment. The study used interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to focus on the lived experiences of participants coping with the phenomena in question: how do anatomy educators make sense of the learning environment in the United Kingdom? Interviews were transcribed verbatim and interpreted inductively, identifying four key themes: confidence through connectedness, variations in appraisals of curricular integration, managing expectations to perform in paradoxical situations, and the emergence of innovative teaching. Results point to the learning environment as a complex system and highlight the importance of feeling support from and connection to colleagues, enabling individual educators to develop confidence, meet the top‐down demands of changing curricula, and experience personal identity development and uncertainty tolerance within their role. This IPA study offers insight into the lived experiences of anatomy educators whose experiential interpretations of a complex and changing curriculum can uniquely inform stakeholders in health professions education.
Die Forschungsinfrastruktur des SFB TRR 277 AMC Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen
Authors: Kloft Harald , Dörfler Kathrin , Bährens Meike , Dielemans Gido , Diller Johannes , Dörrie Robin , Gantner Stefan , Hensel Jonas , Keune Anna , Lowke Dirk , Mai Inka , Mainka Jeldrik , Placzek Gerrit , Saile Bettina , Scharf‐Wildenhain Ronny , Schwerdtner Patrick , Kock Sebastian , Siebert Dorina , Talke Daniel , Wenzler David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDie globalen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit sind der Klimawandel, das Bevölkerungswachstum und die Reduzierung des Ressourcenverbrauchs. Für das Bauwesen bedeutet dies, in den kommenden Jahrzehnten mehr zu bauen und gleichzeitig den Ressourcenverbrauch zu verringern und weniger Emissionen auszustoßen. Die handwerklich organisierte Bauindustrie ist weder technologisch noch personell darauf vorbereitet, diese Herausforderungen ökonomisch und ökologisch zu bewältigen. Hier setzt der Sonderforschungsbereich TRR 277 Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) der beiden Universitäten TU Braunschweig und TU München mit seiner Grundlagenforschung an. Der AMC betrachtet die additive Fertigung als eine digitale Schlüsseltechnologie für das Bauwesen, denn diese vereint die Vorteile von automatisierter und individualisierter Fertigung. Bei der additiven Fertigung werden die Bauteile ohne Formenbau schichtweise aufgebaut. Dies schafft grundlegend neue Anforderungen an Werkstoffe, Verfahrenstechniken sowie an Design und Konstruktion und kann nur in hochgradig interdisziplinären Teams von Wissenschaftler:innen aus den Bereichen des Bauwesens und des Maschinenbaus erforscht werden. Die Basis für die werkstoffübergreifende Erforschung unterschiedlicher additiver Fertigungstechnologien für die Anwendung im Bauwesen stellt die über viele Jahre systematisch aufgebaute Forschungsinfrastruktur im Bereich der digitalen Baufabrikation dar. An seinen beiden Standorten, der TU Braunschweig und der TU München, kann der AMC auf innovativste Forschungseinrichtungen zurückgreifen. Darunter befinden sich sowohl DFG‐geförderte Forschungsgroßgeräte wie das Digital Building Fabrication Laboratory (DBFL) und das RoboCoop3D als auch eine Vielzahl eigenfinanzierter innovativer Forschungsgeräte an beiden Standorten. Die AMC‐Forschungsinfrastruktur wird im Laufe des Forschungsprojekts stetig ausgebaut und erweitert. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die bestehende sowie die in Anschaffung und Planung befindliche Forschungsinfrastruktur vor.
En bloc radical cystectomy: An overview of the technique and oncological results
Authors: Kjøbli Eirik , Salvesen Øyvind , Langørgen Sverre , Størkersen Øystein , Wibe Arne , Arum Carl‐Jørgen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo reduce recurrence after radical cystectomy (RC), we developed a technique based on the principles of the circumferential resection margin used during total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer, namely, en bloc radical cystectomy (EbRC).Patients and methodsThe study included all patients in Mid‐Norway (population of 739 k) with high‐grade superficial or muscle invasive bladder cancer considered for radical treatment according to European guidelines, from January 2012 to August 2021, except for three patients receiving trimodal therapy. One hundred forty‐five patients were treated with EbRC and 188 patients with standard RC (stdRC). There were no exclusion criteria. Both groups included open and robot‐assisted techniques. EbRC entails cystectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection. The technique focuses on systematic uninterrupted mobilisation of all lymphatic tissue from the circumferential resection margin towards the bladder pedicles, and resecting the tissue en bloc with the bladder.ResultsThe 3‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was 86% for EbRC versus 67% for stdRC. The hazard ratio for overall survival in multivariable cox regression analyses after EbRC versus stdRC was 0.30 (95% CI 0.16–0.57, p ≤ 0.001). The improved outcomes persisted in propensity score‐matched analyses. There were no differences in Clavien–Dindo 3 and 4 complications (12.4% vs. 11.7%), nor 90‐day mortality (2.1% vs. 1.6%).ConclusionImproved oncological results with EbRC versus stdRC mirror the historical data after total mesorectal excision was initiated over 35 years ago in rectal cancer surgery. EbRC is safe and the preliminary oncological results are promising.
Effect of Ti‐Substitution on the Properties of P3 Structure Na2/3Mn0.8Li0.2O2 Showing a Ribbon Superlattice
Authors: Linnell Stephanie F. , Jeong Kim Eun , Anh Ma Le , Naden Aaron B. , Irvine John T. S. , Younesi Reza , Duda Laurent C. , Armstrong A. Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOxygen anion redox offers an effective strategy to enhance the energy density of layered oxide positive electrodes for sodium‐ and lithium‐ion batteries. However, lattice oxygen loss and irreversible structural transformations over the first cycle may result in large voltage hysteresis, thereby impeding practical application. Herein, ribbon superstructure ordering of Li/transition‐metal‐ions was applied to suppress the voltage hysteresis combined with Ti‐substitution to improve the cycling stability for P3‐Na0.67Li0.2Ti0.15Mn0.65O2. When both cation and anion redox reactions are utilized, Na0.67Li0.2Ti0.15Mn0.65O2 delivers a reversible capacity of 172 mA h g−1 after 25 cycles at 10 mA g−1 between 1.6–4.4 V vs. Na+/Na. Ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction data reveal that the ribbon superstructure is retained with negligible unit cell volume expansion/contraction upon sodiation/desodiation. The performance as a positive electrode for Li‐ion batteries was also evaluated and P3‐Na0.67Li0.2Ti0.15Mn0.65O2 delivers a reversible capacity of 180 mA h g−1 after 25 cycles at 10 mA g−1 when cycled vs. Li+/Li between 2.0–4.8 V.
Processing and properties of PSZT 95/5 ceramics with varying Ti and Nb substitution
Authors: Neuman Eric W. , Anselmo Nicholas , Meyer Amber , Grier Sophie , Diantonio Christopher B. , Rodriguez Mark A. , Torres Rose , Brane Brian , Griego James G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNiobium doped lead‐tin‐zirconate‐titanate ceramics near the PZT 95/5 orthorhombic AFE – rhombohedral FE morphotropic phase boundary Pb1‐0.5y(Zr0.865‐xTixSn0.135)1‐yNbyO3 were prepared according to a 22+1 factorial design with x = 0.05, 0.07 and y = 0.0155, 0.0195. The ceramics were prepared by a traditional solid‐state synthesis route and sintered to near full density at 1250°C for 6 h. All compositions were ∼98% dense with no detectable secondary phases by X‐ray diffraction. The ceramics exhibited equiaxed grains with intergranular porosity, and grain size was ∼5 µm, decreasing with niobium substitution. Compositions exhibited remnant polarization values of ∼32 µC/cm2, increasing with Ti substitution. Depolarization by the hydrostatic pressure induced FE‐AFE phase transition was drastically affected by variation of the Ti and Nb substitution, increasing at a rate of 113 MPa /1% Ti and 21 MPa/1% Nb. Total depolarization output was insensitive to the change in Ti and Nb substitution, ∼32.8 µC/cm2 for the PSZT ceramics. The R3c‐R3m and R3m‐Pm3m phase transition temperatures on heating ranged from 90 to 105°C and 183 to 191°C, respectively. Ti substitution stabilized the R3c and R3m phases to higher temperatures, while Nb substitution stabilized the Pm3m phase to lower temperatures. Thermal hysteresis of the phase transitions was also observed in the ceramics, with transition temperature on cooling being as much as 10°C lower.
Accelerating Photocatalytic Activity by Tailoring Cocatalysts on Polycrystalline Tungsten(VI) Oxide Microplates
Authors: Baek So Yeon , Kim Min Kyo , Jo So Yeong , Ma Ahyeon , Abbas Syed Asad , Park Joon Yong , Nam Ki Min 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the structure–activity relationship of the WO3 photocatalyst and the role of cocatalysts deposited on the WO3 surface were analyzed. Investigation of the phase transformation of WO3 microplates revealed that amorphous WO3 was progressively crystallized into monoclinic WO3 during consecutive thermal treatments. The obtained WO3 microplates were used for the photocatalytic decomposition of organic dyes under simulated solar light irradiation to understand the effect of the crystal structure on the photocatalytic activity. The crystal phase of the WO3 microplates with a monoclinic structure was optimal for the photocatalytic reaction. However, the effects of the crystal phase and the surface area of the WO3 sample were very small, and a deposited metal cocatalyst was essential for achieving photocatalytic activity. The detailed mechanisms and influence of cocatalysts on the WO3 surface were discussed.
Generation of Human Ventral Midbrain Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Sozzi Edoardo , Nilsson Fredrik , Kajtez Janko , Parmar Malin , Fiorenzano Alessandro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and is caused by the degeneration and loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral midbrain (VM). The focal and progressive degeneration of DA neurons in the VM makes PD a particularly attractive target for cell‐based therapies. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unprecedented opportunities to model the development and functional properties of human DA neurons in a dish. The use of human in vitro models based on hPSCs has empowered studies of VM development and provided access to neurons expressing a particular disease‐specific phenotype. Currently, hPSC differentiation is most routinely carried out in monolayer cultures, which do not properly recapitulate cell‐cell interactions and the structural complexity of the brain. Moreover, 2D cultures are challenging to maintain long term, as the cells tend to detach from the plate and lose their functional characteristics. This precludes the possibility of mimicking later phases of DA neurogenesis and recreating the complexity of functional neural circuitries. Here, we describe protocols showing how to maintain hPSCs in an undifferentiated state and how to then drive these hPSCs into 3D regionalized VM organoids. After long‐term culture, these VM organoids exhibit mature and post‐mitotic molecular features, including neuromelanin pigments similar to those released in primate VMs. We also report a protocol describing how to efficiently perform immunohistochemistry and how to detect neuromelanin‐containing DA neurons in VM organoids. Together, these protocols provide a 3D in vitro platform that can be used to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying DA neuron function and disease and may serve as a powerful tool for designing more targeted disease‐modifying therapies. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 19 October 2024. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Human pluripotent stem cell cultureBasic Protocol 2: hPS cell differentiation for the generation of human ventral midbrain organoidsBasic Protocol 3: Characterization of ventral midbrain organoids
Tropical–temperate comparisons in insect seed predation vary between study levels and years
Authors: Wu Wenlan , Wang Xiaoxue , Zhao Tao , Zhang Wenfu , Fang Shuai , Xu Yu , Zhang Kai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe biotic interaction hypothesis, which states the species interaction becomes stronger in the tropics, is deeply rooted in classic ecological literature and widely accepted to contribute to the latitudinal gradients of biodiversity. Tests in latitudinal insect–plant interaction have emphasized leaf‐eating insects on a single or a few plant species rather than within an entire community and mixed accumulating evidence, leaving the biotic interaction hypothesis disputed. We aimed to test the hypothesis by quantifying insect seed predation in a pair of tropical and temperate forest communities with similar elevations. We applied a consistent study design to sample predispersal seeds with systematically set seed traps in 2019–2020 and examined internally feeding insects. The intensity of seed predation was measured and further applied to tropical versus temperate comparison at two levels (cross‐species and community‐wide). Our results showed every latitudinal pattern associated with different study levels and years, that is, negative (greater granivory in the tropics in community‐wide comparison in 2020), positive (less granivory in the tropics in community‐wide and cross‐species comparison in 2019), and missing (similar level of granivory in the tropics in cross‐species comparisons in 2020). The cross‐species level analyses ignore differences among species in seed production and weaken or even lose the latitudinal trend detected by community‐wide comparisons. The between‐year discrepancy in tropical–temperate comparisons relates to the highly variable annual seed composition in the temperate forest due to mast seeding of dominant species. Our study highlights that long‐term community‐level researches across biomes are essential to assess the latitudinal biotic interaction hypothesis.
Response of eutrophication and water quality drivers on greenhouse gas emissions in lakes of China: A critical analysis
Authors: Kumar Amit , Mishra Saurabh , Bakshi Sanjeev , Upadhyay Pooja , Thakur Tarun Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLakes, especially shallow lakes, contribute disproportionately to greenhouse gas (GHG; particularly CO2 and CH4) emissions and have received global attention due to their high potential to contribute to global warming and future climate change. Recent studies have identified eutrophication as a critical factor in GHG emissions. However, the role of lake trophic state index (TSI) and the impact of important water quality parameters (WQP) such as pH, Chl‐a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic carbon on GHG emissions are still a subject of debate and an area of intense research. To further understand the relationship between GHG and lake eutrophication, datasets (GHG and WQP) from the scientific literature have been compiled, and statistical analyses of these secondary data were performed to determine the influence of eutrophication on GHG emissions. In this review, GHG emissions from Chinese lakes are quantified, and the important factors affecting these emissions are analysed systematically. The statistical analysis reveals that chlorophyll a and carbon (as TOC) are the key factors of lake eutrophication and have a significant effect on the GHG potential (mainly CH4 fluxes). In addition, the proposed mitigation measures could serve as a guide for scientists and young researchers to reduce future climatic risks.