bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE QUADRUPLE INJECTION STRATEGY OVER TRIPLE INJECTIONS TO IMPROVE EMISSIONS, PERFORMANCE AND NOISE OF THE AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Biswas Sanjoy , Mukhopadhyay Achintya 
Published: September 2022

The present study aims at investigating effectiveness of the quadruple (early-pilot-main-after [epMa]) injection strategy over three different triple [early-main-after (eMa), early-pilot-main (epM) and pilot-main-after (pMa)] injection scheduling in terms of emissions, performance [brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and fuel economy] and noise. The experimentation was carried out on a heavy-duty BS-IV diesel engine with 45% EGR fraction and fixed main injection (Crank-angle) scheduling at eight different RPMs and three loads of engine (20%, 60% and 100%) using design of experiments(DOE). This comprehensive study showed that the quadruple injection strategy provides optimum results in both performance and emissions compared to the promising three triple injection strategy. The quadruple injection strategy exhibits the best BTE at all operating conditions and best BSFC at medium to high-speed zone around 0.5–1% inline to reduce combustion noise (CN) level, especially at low speeds and low to medium load of 0.2–2.2 dBA. Among triple injections, the pMa shows the best performance in BSFC, BTE, smoke and THC emissions. The epM is the best in the CO emissions and torque performance in the low-speed zone. Smoke value is marginally higher for the epMa at low to medium speed than the pMa, although average smoke emissions were the best. Taken together, the overall PM emission level was marginally better than Triple Injections, due to the impact of double pilots in combination with post-injection. In addition, NOx emissions were improved (around 3–6%) significantly with quadruple than with triple injections. The epMa injection scheduling also showed improvement in constant speed fuel economy and in pass-by-noise at the vehicle.
Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions From Aqueous Solution Onto Pantoea agglomerans Isolated From Water Containing High Amount Of Boron Element
Authors: Kıvanç Merih , Okus Fatma Günaydın 
Published: September 2022

Heavy metal pollution is an serious environmental problem because they have toxic effects on living organisms. In recent years, the use of microbial biosorbents to remove heavy metal pollution have studied. Many biological materials are used to remove copper ions. In this study, the biosorption capacity of lyophilized Pantoea agglomerans for Cu (II) ions were investigated under various conditions (initial pH, contact time, initial heavy metals ion concentration). The monocomponent biosorption data have been analyzed using isotherm (Freundlich and Langmuir) and kinetic models. The highest copper uptake capacity of the biomass was obtained at the initial copper concentration of 250 mgL-1 at pH 5.0 and contact time 90th minute. The equilibrium data correlated well with the Langmuir and Freundlich model. It was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the experimentally obtained data. Liyofilized P. agglomerans biomass appears to be an inexpensive and efficient biosorbent for the removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions.
Diabetes and Obesity in Down Syndrome Across the Lifespan: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using U.K. Electronic Health Records
Authors: Aslam Aisha A. , Baksh R. Asaad , Pape Sarah E. , Strydom Andre , Gulliford Martin C. , Chan Li F. ,   for the GO-DS21 Consortium, Herault Yann , Strydom Andre , Chan Li , Potier Marie-Claude , Beckers Johannes , Liò Pietro , Dierssen Mara 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of chromosomal trisomy. Genetic factors in DS may increase the risk for diabetes. This study aimed to determine whether DS is associated with an increased incidence of diabetes and the relationship with obesity across the life span compared with control patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This matched population–based cohort study analyzed UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 1990 to 2020.

RESULTS
A total of 9,917 patients with DS and 38,266 control patients were analyzed. Diabetes rates were higher in patients with DS (incidence rate ratio 3.67; 95% CI 2.43–5.55; P &lt; 0.0001) and peaked at a younger age (median age at diagnosis 38 [interquartile range 28–49] years vs. 53 [43–61] years in control patients). Incidence rates (per 1,000 person-years) for type 1 diabetes mellitus were 0.44 (95% CI 0.31–0.61) in patients with DS vs. 0.13 (0.09–0.17) in control patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rates were higher in patients with DS versus control patients in age-groups from 5 years up to 34 years. In patients with DS, peak mean BMI was higher and at a younger age (males 31.2 kg/m2 at age 31 years; females 32.1 kg/m2 at 43 years) versus control patients (males 29.5 kg/m2 at 54 years; females 29.2 kg/m2 at 51 years). Obesity was associated with an increased incidence of T2DM.

CONCLUSIONS
At younger ages, the incidence of diabetes in patients with DS is up to four times that of control patients. Peak mean BMI is higher and established earlier in DS, contributing to T2DM risk. Further investigation into the relationship between obesity and diabetes in DS is required to inform treatment and prevention measures.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR FISIKA MELALUI PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING DI SMA NEGERI 3 BUNGO
Authors: Despita Despita 
Published: September 2022

The aims of the research was to know the increase of physics subject by using cooperative learning in SMA N 3 Bungo. As ungulan school SMA N 3 Bungo has always been consistent in doing increase the learning process in order to increase the competencies of graduates. Various attempts were made as well for the ongoing development of teachers , administrators and all elements of the school .To increase of physics subject is an acceptable way by using cooperative learning. Cooperative learning is a learning model for give a chance for students to make interactions to others. In addition cooperative learning is the best way to apply because every students has give (team reward), (individual aecountability) (equal opportunities for success) that can give motivation for student to increase ability in physics subject and make student interesting of this subject to get the great result in physics learning. As long as, students in SMA N 3 the best students in Physics always has dominate in Physics learning, without give a chance for another students, so that cooperative learning is best choice for Physics study.
RELEVANSI PERKULIAHAN FABRIKASI LOGAM DENGAN TUGAS MENGAJAR GURU DI SMK NEGERI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Suparno Suparno 
Published: September 2022

Based on observations in the field a lot of complaints from students practice field who feel less able to teach the theory and practice field Metal Fabrication . It can also be a briefing on the university of origin is not adequate . In addition to mastery of theory , it is also about teaching practice. In particular in the field of teaching practice is commonly seen Fabrication implementation has not been as expected , in terms of the materials used as well the implementation process of the lecture . For that reason a lot of the problems that cause lack relevant between what is given in the Department both in theory and in theory Fabrication given in class . This research is descriptive, which will describe the results of quantitative and qualitative research . Results of the assessment of each aspect of the course that respondents summed and calculated according to the percentage of votes aspect that has been made.
Meningkatkan Membaca Permulaan Melalui Metode Multisensori bagi Anak Kesulitan Belajar
Authors: Wati Megga , Damri Damri 
Published: September 2022

This research began with the problems which found at SDN 12 Pisang, the researcher distributed the reading instruments to the 3rd grade students in SDN 12 Pisang that consists of 29 students, then 4 children have been identified. The researcher choosed 1 child which the child has the experiences in the academic difficulties aspect. Then, the researcher ensured that by conducting interviews with their parents and assessing the child, so that the result was the child has a difficulty in academic aspects, especially Indonesian language. The child has identified that is difficult to read, especially in reading a text in double consonants. This study aims to prove whether the multisensory method is effective in improving the ability of the early reading in the children learning difficulties to the 3rd grade of SDN 12 Pisang. The study used an experimental approach in a Single Subject Research (SSR) form. This research used the AB design and the data analysis techniques used graphical visual analysis. Research subjects were the children with the learning difficulties. The target behavior in this study is the children who can read fluently. The variables measurement is by using a percentage of the number of items that can be done properly and correctly. The observation was done with three sessions. First, the baseline session (a) which was carried out in 4 observations for 35 minutes per percentage per meeting which obtained ranged from 20% to 25%. Second, intervention sessions through multysensory method (b) were carried out 6 times which the percentage of meeting obtained at the time of intervention was between 33% to 85%. The tendency of direction, the tendency for the stability, the tedency of data traceability and the level changes which have increased positively. Thus, it can be concluded that the multisensory method is effective in improving reading skills of learning difficulties’ children. Therefore, the teacher can apply multisensory methods to improve reading skills of learning difficulties’ children.
Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Cluster Theme Flashcard Terhadap Peningkatan Vocabulary Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Christijanto Irene Putri 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan metode cluster theme flashcard terhadap peningkatan vocabulary bahasa Inggris pada siswa kelas III SD Negeri Muktiharjo Kidul 01 Semarang. Subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 73 orang, dengan 36 orang siswa kelas III A dan 37 orang siswa kelas III B. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan studi populasi atau sampling jenuh. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu desain eksperimen ulang non-random (non-randomied pretest-posttest control group design). Berdasarkan hipotesis yang diajukan : 1.) ada perbedaan peningkatan vocabulary bahasa Inggris ditinjau dari metode cluster theme flashcard dan pembelajaran konvensional, diterima. Analisis data menggunakan uji mann-whitney dan diperoleh hasil U = -3,803 dengan p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). 2.) ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara sebelum dengan setelah penerapan metode cluster theme flashcard terhadap peningkatan vocabulary bahasa Inggris, diterima. Analisis data menggunakan uji wilcoxon dan diperoleh hasil z = -4,779 dengan p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). 3.) ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara sebelum dengan setelah penerapan metode cluster theme flashcard terhadap peningkatan vocabulary parts of the school, diterima. Analisis data menggunakan uji wilcoxon dan diperoleh z = -5,241 dengan p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). 4.) ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara sebelum dengan setelah penerapan metode cluster theme flashcard terhadap peningkatan vocabulary foods, diterima. Analisa hasil menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan diperoleh nilai z = -5,310 dengan p = 0,000 (p < 0,05).
Kata Kunci : Bahasa Inggris, Metode Cluster Theme Flashcard, Vocabulary
Ensuring human rights and freedoms under the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine in the context of the National Strategy in the field of human rights
Authors: Slavna O.V. 
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of human rights and freedoms in the conditions of the introduction of the legal regime of martial law, which entails the restriction of constitutional rights and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen. The relevance of the research topic is caused primarily by the realities of today, which are connected with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, which sets the state's primary task - the preservation of a person, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability, which are recognized in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, the highest social value in the state. The purpose of the article is to highlight the provision of constitutional human rights under martial law in accordance with the National Strategy in the field of human rights.
The current state of ensuring the right to a fair trial was analyzed, as a result of which a number of issues related to the military aggression of the Russian Federation were identified, as a result of which the activity of the courts in some territories of Ukraine was partially suspended, as well as the lack of access to information about the status of the proceedings, which negatively affects citizens' realization of their legal rights and legitimate interests.
The current legislation revealed a lack of detailing of the mechanism for limiting the constitutional right to freedom of thought and speech, expression of views and beliefs, which could lead to a violation of human rights and freedoms. The expediency of intensifying the work of authorized persons in controlling the content of information disseminated through all mass media and the Internet is argued.
Taking into account the threat to the national security of Ukraine and in order to inform the population in a timely manner, which will make it possible to avoid negative consequences, it is suggested that managers of information fill and update relevant information on official websites and pages of social networks.
The position regarding comprehensive assistance from the state for the study of the state language by national minorities and indigenous peoples living on the territory of Ukraine is substantiated, without demeaning the linguistic identity of all indigenous peoples and national minorities of Ukraine, which will enable effective socialization and adaptation of the latter in modern conditions.
18. Yüzyıl Tarihî Metinlerinin Konuşma Dili Dikkate Alınarak Transkripsiyonu Üzerine Bazı Tespitler
Authors: YILDIZ Hakan 
Published: September 2022

18. yüzyıl tarihî metinlerinin transkripsiyonu ile ilgili yayınlarda, Tarihî Türkiye Türkçesinin zaman içindeki gelişimini ve değişimini gösteren konuşma dilinin dikkate alınmadığı ve sadece değişmeyen, kalıplaşmış yazı dili ve klâsik imlâyı gösteren bir okuma yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu değişim ve dönüşümleri yok sayarak yapılan çalışmalar tarihî olayları açıklayabilse de, ortaya çıkan transkripsiyon metinleri dönem Türkçesini yansıtmaktan uzak standart metinlerdir.
Problemin çözümüne yardımcı olma amacıyla hazırladığımız bu çalışmada, öncelikle dönemin konuşma dili hakkında bir fikir edinmemizi sağlayacağını düşündüğümüz ünlüler, ünsüzler ve ekler belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra bu ünlü, ünsüz ve eklerin bulunduğu kelime örnekleri, Viguier ve Carbognano’nun büyük bir kısmını Latin harfleriyle yazdıkları Türkçe gramer kitapları ile 18. yüzyılda kaleme alınmış örnek bir tarihî metin olan Göynüklü Ahmed Efendi Tarihi’ndeki imlâ ve telaffuzlarıyla birlikte incelenmiştir. Ardından üç kaynaktaki örnekler karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınarak, en çok karşılaşılan ekler, fiiller, isimler ve diğer kelimelerin yazı ve konuşma dilindeki kullanımları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde ise elde edilen tüm bu bilgilerin ışığında 18. yüzyıl tarihî metinlerinin transkripsiyonunda dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlara dair tespit ve önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Meal in Atlantic Salmon Nutrition – Part B: Effects on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Selected Nutriphysiological Traits and Production Sustainability in Pre-Smolts
Authors: Mikołajczak Zuzanna , Mazurkiewicz Jan , Rawski Mateusz , Kierończyk Bartosz , Józefiak Agata , Świątkiewicz Sylwester , Józefiak Damian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Black soldier larva meal (BSFM) seems to be a competitive protein and fat source for widely used fish meal (FM) and fish oil. Because of the still present problem of overfished seas and oceans for feed purposes, even a low substitution of the mentioned feed materials could have a positive impact on the environment. Due to the specificity of salmon metabolic processes, with particular attention to smoltification and the various requirements for nutrients related to individual stages, it is important to implement similar dietary inclusion levels of innovative feed materials in different life stages of Atlantic salmon. Thus, a holistic approach was undertaken in the cycle of two studies carried out: on fries and pre-smolts. This study aims to evaluate the effect of FM replacement by full-fat BSFM in Atlantic salmon pre-smolt diets on growth performance, feed utilization, somatic indices, histomorphology of intestines, colorimetric assessment and raw meat quality, as well as environmental sustainability. The following groups were applied: CON – without addition of full-fat BSFM and with 30% FM; BSFM5 – with 5% addition of full-fat BSFM and 27.1% FM; BSFM10 – with 10% full-fat BSFM and 24.3% FM; and BSFM15 – with 15% addition of full-fat BSFM and 21.3% FM. The present study showed satisfactory results of BSFM inclusion up to 15% as a replacement for FM in feeds for Atlantic salmon pre-smolts. The present study showed that BSFM is a suitable feed material for Atlantic salmon proper diet balancing and may be used to decrease FM content. The semi-technical application of BSFM containing diets confirmed their effectiveness during the growth phase of Atlantic salmon. According to our results, BSFM can be recommended as an alternative feed component in Atlantic salmon pre-smolt nutrition at levels up to 15%. Simultaneously, insect inclusion significantly improved the environmental sustainability of the rearing process.
COVID-19-induced psychosis: two case reports and narrative literature review
Authors: Karakuła Kaja Hanna , Nowacka Olga , Ryczkowski Aleksander , Sitarz Ryszard , Forma Alicja , Juchnowicz Dariusz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection might be presented in many various specific and non-specific manifest and symptoms from different systems. Also, the psychotic symptoms are documented but the explanation for their pathophysiology remains debatable and a complex matter. The main objective of this paper is to present cases of patients without a history of psychiatric disorders who developed the first episode of psychosis during the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Material and methods: Two cases of not-related patients with no previous psychiatric history developed psychotic episodes during COVID-19 infection. In both cases chronologically first they experienced symptoms of infection, secondly, delusions and psychomotor agitation that required psychiatric hospitalization. Full remission was observed after antipsychotic treatment in both cases.

Results: Even though the pathophysiology of the post-COVID-19 psychiatric symptoms remains unclear, some reports that indicate associations between the infection and the onset of such symptoms. The infection itself, by the induction of cytokine storm followed by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is considered to stimulate the potential onset of the psychosis, however, other factors such as medications used during treatment (with a particular emphasis on glucocorticosteroids) or psychological factors should be considered as well.

Conclusions: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 might develop serious psychotic episodes even without a prior psychiatric history. Besides, psychiatric symptoms might be the first the even the only manifestations associated with the active SARSCoV-2 infection which seems to be very challenging especially in cases of rapid psychotic episodes without any clear respiratory symptoms.
Penentuan Waktu Vaksinasi Hog Colera Yang Tepat Dengan Mengukur Titer Antibodi Maternal
Authors: Suardana Ida Bagus Kade , Widyastuti Sri Kayati , Pradnyadana Ida Bagus Kr , Agustina Kadek Karang 
Published: September 2022

Babi merupakan ternak yang mempunyai daya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang relatif pesat, sebagai salah satu sumber protein hewani memiliki nilai ekonomi yang sangat tinggi. Namun pemeliharaan ternak babi sering terinfeksi virus Hog cholera. Penyakit Hog Cholera ditandai kematian tiba-tiba dengan angka kesakitan dan angka kematian tinggi. Pengendalian penyakit melalui vaksinasi telah dilakukan, akan tetapi kasus penyakit masih selalu terjadi. Keberhasilan vaksinasi dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor antara lain : faktor vaksinnya, pelaksananya, dan faktor hewannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui titer maternal antibodi anak babi dari induk yang telah divaksin hog cholera. Penelitian menggunakan 10 sampel anak babi dari induk yang telah divaksinasi. Pengambilan sampel serum dilakukan pada hari ke- 7, 14, dan 21. Titer Antibodi diperiksa menggunakan Uji Elisa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis mengunakan analisa varian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terjadi penurunan titer maternal antibodi secara nyata (p<0,05) pada hari ke-14 dan ke-21 dibandingkan hari ke-7. Terdapat hubungan yang nyata (P<0,05) antara umur (hari) terhadap nilai Optical density (OD) maternal antibodi, koefesien korelasi sebesar 0.852, dengan persamaan Y = 1.195e-0.021X . Simpulan bahwa makin besar umur anak babi, akan terjadi penurunan nilai OD, namun makin lama penurunannya makin kecil. Pada umur 42 hari nilai OD maternal antibodi akan mencapai 0.50, sehingga sudah layak untuk divaksinasi.
Effects of The Proportion of The LED Light Red, Blue, and White Colors on Chlorophyll Content and Canopy Area of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Lestari Linda Puji Ayu , Wijaya I Made Anom Sutrisna , Gunadnya Ida Bagus Putu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Light is the main energy source for plants for the photosynthesis process. In indoor cultivation systems (plant factories), LEDs can be used as artificial light. The dominant light colors absorbed by plants for the photosynthesis process are red and blue, but the proportion of the LED colors used is unknown, so it is necessary to research the proportions of light colors. This study aims to determine the effect of the proportions of red, blue, and white light on the chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and the canopy area of Pakcoy. Pakcoy was planted in a growth chamber and given seven different proportions of light for 12 hours with a lamp total of 60 Watt and light intensity of 2000 lux. This study was conducted for 49 days, and the observations to make once a week. The results showed the proportion of red, blue, and white LED light treatment affects the chlorophyll content and canopy area. The proportions of LED light 30 Watt red, 20 Watt blue, and 10 Watt white produced the highest chlorophyll content (35.0 SPAD value) and canopy area (70.7 cm2). In conclusion, the proportion of red, blue, and white LED light showed significantly different in the growth of Pakcoy.