bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthotic intervention following stroke: a survey of physiotherapist, occupational therapist and orthotist practice and views in the UK
Authors: Golding-Day Miriam R , Walker Marion F , Whitehead Phillip J 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims Orthoses are often used to promote mobility and rehabilitation for patients in the UK after a stroke. The perspective of stroke therapists in the UK is an important factor determining current practice and orthotic provision. The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of orthotists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists on the delivery mechanisms and relationships that influence orthoses intervention and provision for patients with stroke in the UK. Methods A UK-based online survey was conducted. Participants were stroke therapy clinicians within acute and community settings, recruited through their membership of the British Association of Prosthetists and Orthotists, the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists Interested in Neurology, and the Royal Collage of Occupational Therapists—Specialist Section for Neurological Practice. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results A total of 305 questionnaires were completed (64 orthotists, 131 physiotherapists, 110 occupational therapists). Some 67% (n=190) of respondents identified the optimal timing for initial orthotic assessment as within the first days following a stroke or before discharge from hospital. Waiting times and operational barriers to orthoses provision were perceived to have a negative impact on patients’ rehabilitation. A closer working relationship between orthotists and the stroke rehabilitation team is desirable. Conclusions The survey found that the use of orthoses and orthotic specialist input are perceived to play an important role within the stroke rehabilitation pathway. Further evaluative research is warranted to explore the optimal timing and benefits, and the orthotist's role within the stroke rehabilitation team.
Nondestructive detection of anthocyanin content in fresh leaves of
purple maize using hyperspectral data
Authors: Yang Xin , Gao Shichen , Gu Xiaohe , Zhang Chao , Sun Qian , Wei Zhonghui , Hu Xueqian , Qu Xuzhou 
Published: June 2022

Anthocyanins are widely used in the food industry as an additive, improving antioxidant
capacity and strengthening the human immune system. However, rapid and
nondestructive detection methods are lacking. This study aimed to
develop a rapid and nondestructive method to detect anthocyanin
content in fresh purple maize leaves using hyperspectral reflectance.
Sensitivity bands were screened by analyzing the correlation between
the spectrum and anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and moisture content in
maize leaves with models constructed. Through a combination of the
sensitivity bands of the three components, the interference of
chlorophyll and moisture on the spectral detection of anthocyanin in
fresh leaves was analyzed. The results showed that the anthocyanin
sensitivity band was approximately 550 nm. The determination
coefficient and root mean square error of the optimal hyperspectral
model were 0.766 and 4.215 mg/g, respectively. After excluding
chlorophyll and moisture interference, the anthocyanin content
detection accuracy was improved by only 2% compared to that of the
original. These results indicate that hyperspectral technology can be
used to nondestructively detect anthocyanin content in fresh purple
maize leaves with good accuracy. Chlorophyll and moisture in the
leaves did not significantly influence anthocyanin content.
HIV viral load assays when used with whole blood perform well as a diagnostic assay for infants
Authors: Kiyaga Charles , Fong Youyi , Okiira Christopher , Kushemererwa Grace Esther , Kayongo Ismail , Tadeo Iga , Namulindwa Christine , Bigira Victor , Ssewanyana Isaac , Peter Trevor , Doherty Meg , Sacks Jilian A. , Vojnov Lara 
Published: June 2022

Objective
Over the past several years, only approximately 50% of HIV-exposed infants received an early infant diagnosis test within the first two months of life. While high attrition and mortality account for some of the shortcomings in identifying HIV-infected infants early and putting them on life-saving treatment, fragmented and challenging laboratory systems are an added barrier. We sought to determine the accuracy of using HIV viral load assays for infant diagnosis of HIV.

Methods
We enrolled 866 Ugandan infants between March–April 2018 for this study after initial laboratory diagnosis. The median age was seven months, while 33% of infants were less than three months of age. Study testing was done using either the Roche or Abbott molecular technologies at the Central Public Health Laboratory. Dried blood spot samples were prepared according to manufacturer-recommended protocols for both the qualitative and quantitative assays. Viral load test samples for the Roche assay were processed using two different buffers: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: free virus elution viral load protocol [FVE]) and Sample Pre-Extraction Reagent (SPEX: qualitative buffer). Dried blood spot samples were processed for both assays on the Abbott using the manufacturer’s standard infant diagnosis protocol. All infants received a qualitative test for clinical management and additional paired quantitative tests.

Results
858 infants were included in the analysis, of which 50% were female. Over 75% of mothers received antiretroviral therapy, while approximately 65% of infants received infant prophylaxis. The Roche SPEX and Abbott technologies had high sensitivity (>95%) and specificity (>98%). The Roche FVE had lower sensitivity (85%) and viral load values.

Conclusions
To simplify and streamline laboratory practices, HIV viral load may be used to diagnose HIV infection in infants, particularly using the Roche SPEX and Abbott technologies.
Association of publication record and independent NIH funding
Authors: Michelson Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Publications may be a modifiable factor toward research project grant (RPG) funding decisions, the objective was to determine the association of publication record with later RPG receipt.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of recipients of K01, K08, or K23 US career development awards (CDAs) starting from 2000–2015. Exposures were CDA awardees’ first-, middle-, and last-author publication counts, and the quartile of awardees’ highest and mean publication impact factors. The independent association of each exposure with time to RPG (R01 or equivalent) was determined using a Cox model, after adjustment for CDA type, awardee change in institution, and institutional CDA count. The proportion of CDA recipients with later independent funding was also determined by publication count.

Results
Among 6744 CDA awardees, 3943 obtained an RPG. The median time to RPG was 5.6 years (interquartile range 4.2–7.5). The number of first-authorships was associated with a shorter time to RPG (1–4 versus 0: hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.36; 5–9: 1.59, 95% CI 1.40–1.79; 10–24: 1.78, 95% CI 1.54–2.07; 25+: 2.40, 95% CI 1.61–3.56). Last-authorships were associated with a shorter time to RPG (1–4 versus 0: HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.83–2.16; 5–9: 2.72, 95% CI 2.45–3.03; 10–24: 3.17, 95% CI 2.78–3.62; 25+: 3.12, 95% CI 2.17–4.50). Higher maximum impact factor was associated with a shorter time to RPG (Q2 versus lowest: HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.12–1.46; Q3: 1.45, 95% CI 1.24–1.70; Q4: 1.67, 95% CI 1.39–2.02). Mean impact factor and middle-authorships were not associated with time to RPG. Among 687 CDAs with zero associated first- or last-authorships, 158 (23%) achieved later RPG funding. Among those with at least 10 total first- or last-authorships, 1288/1554 (83%) obtained a later RPG.

Conclusions
A higher number and impact of publications was associated with later independent funding.
Actovegin in the management of patients after ischemic stroke: A systematic review
Authors: la Fleur Philip , Baizhaxynova Ardak , Reynen Emily , Kaunelis David , Galiyeva Dinara 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundActovegin is a hemodialysate of calf’s blood and has been used for several decades in the countries of Central Asia, East Asia, Russia and some European countries. It has been used to treat patients with various neurological conditions, vascular disorders, and ischemic stroke.ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review to evaluate the effect of Actovegin in patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke.MethodsA search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane and Embase was carried out from inception to October 10, 2021 for clinical trials and observational studies with a control group, published in English or Russian.ResultsOf 220 identified unique records, 84 full-text articles were screened, and 5 studies were selected that met the inclusion criteria. This included 4 observational studies with control groups and one randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. These studies enrolled a total of 3879 patients of which 720 patients received Actovegin administered intravenously and/or orally for a duration ranging from 10 to 180 days. Because of study heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not performed. No consistent evidence on improved survival, quality of life, neurologic symptoms, activities of daily living or disability was identified. One study showed statistically significant improvements in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale, extended version (ADAS-cog+) for Actovegin compared with placebo at 6 months but the clinical relevance of this change is uncertain. One study reported a higher incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack or intracerebral hemorrhage in patients taking Actovegin compared to placebo.ConclusionsThe benefits of Actovegin are uncertain and that there is potential risk of harm in patients with stroke. More evidence is needed from rigorously designed clinical trials to justify the role of Actovegin in patients with ischemic stroke.
Varicella outbreaks in schools and kindergartens in Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2020
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Zhenhui , Gao Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Background
Varicella is a contagious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus and varicella vaccine (VarV) is the most effective way to prevent and control varicella. Despite high VarV coverage there were still varicella outbreaks in schools and kindergartens. We aim to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks in Huangpu District, Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2020.

Methods
For varicella outbreaks, case information and vaccination history were collected. Mann–Kendall test and descriptive methods were used to analyzed the trend and epidemiological catachrestic of varicella outbreaks.

Results
A total of 57 varicella outbreaks were reported from 2011 to 2020, including 30 outbreaks (52.6%) in primary schools. The results of the Mann–Kendall trend test (z = 1.97, p = 0.049) showed an upward trend in the number of cases during the study period, but the trend change was not statistically significant. Emergency vaccination was carried out in 42 (73.7%) outbreaks which influenced the duration of the epidemic (F = 4.53, p = 0.0379). A total of 573 varicella cases were reported, including 357 cases (62.3%) who had received at least one dose of varicella vaccine.

Conclusions
The number of varicella outbreaks has not changed significantly in the decade from 2011 to 2020. The strategy of varicella vaccination, the development and application of varicella vaccine, and the control measures after the occurrence of varicella outbreaks need to be optimized. In addition to vaccination, as a disease transmitted by contact, quarantine measures, good personal hygiene, environmental disinfection, and ventilation are also important.
Predictors of uncircumcised primary school girls’ intention to genital cutting in South Ethiopia: Application of theory of planned behavior
Authors: Haile Solomon , Sullamo Dawit , Ejajo Tekle , Teshome Firanbon , Kebede Yohannes 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFemale genital cutting (FGC) is still among the most common harmful traditional practices, especially in Africa and Asia. Despite the existence of rich evidence on the prevalence of FGC, information about the primary target audiences’ (girls’) intention toward FGC is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the predictors of primary school girls’ behavioral intention toward female genital cutting.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 08 to 28, 2019 in Dunna district, South Ethiopia. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select 354 uncircumcised female students. A self-administered pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered into Epi data manager version 4.0.2 and exported to STATA version 16.0. Descriptive analyses such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were performed as necessary. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of primary school girls’ intention to experience FGC.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 13.09±1.69 years with an age range of 10 to 18 years. Of the 354 respondents, 156 (44.1%) intended to experience FGC. The model accounted for 76.58% of the variance in primary school girls’ intention to experience FGC. Among socio-demographic characteristics, mothers’ educational level of ≤8 grade (β = 1.95, p<0.001) and the age of the respondents (β = -0.23, p = 0.036) predicted primary school girls’ intention toward FGC. Among the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), direct perceived behavioral control (β = 0.47, p = 0.015), indirect perceived behavioral controls (β = 0.05, p = 0.002), and direct subjective norms (β = 0.18, p = 0.039) predicted primary school girls’ intention to experience FGC.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that primary school girls’ intention toward FGC was high. The educational level of mothers and the age of the respondents had a great influence on primary school girls’ intention to experience FGC. Perceived lack of power and social pressure also predicted primary school girls’ intention to engage in genital cutting. The findings suggest that FGC is mainly performed by the decision of the parents irrespective of the girls’ preferences. Therefore, behavioral change communication interventions such as media campaigns, peer education and community dialogue guided by the TPB for empowering girls to confront FGC and reducing the influence of referents need to be focused.
Correlates of absenteeism at work, school and social activities during menstruation: Evidence from the 2017/2018 Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Authors: Alor Stanley Kofi , Anaba Emmanuel Anongeba , Adongo Philip Baba 
Published: June 2022

Background
Menstruation is a biological process which is crucial for human reproduction. Menstruation is a source of absenteeism, yet the subject matter has not been well explored. This study aimed to assess the correlates of absenteeism at school, work and social activities during menstruation among Ghanaian women of reproductive age.

Methods
This study was an analysis of secondary data from the 2017/18 Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Binomial Logistic Regression with the aid of Stata/SE, version 16.

Results
The majority of the participants were aged 25–49 years (63%), married/in union (55%) and resided in urban areas (52%). Nine in ten participants had access to privacy at home and 98% used menstrual materials during their last period. Eight in ten participants used disposable menstrual materials. Exactly 19% of the participants missed school, work or social activities during their last period. Participants who used disposable menstrual materials (AOR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52–0.85) were less likely to miss school, work or social activities during menstruation compared to those who used reusable menstrual materials.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that a significant minority of women in Ghana miss academic, economic or social activities during menstruation. Therefore, there is a need for effective interventions to help reduce menstruation-related absenteeism among women and girls in Ghana.
A NEW SPECIES OF MUK IA (CUCURBITACEAE) FROM SUMBA ISLAND, INDONESIA
Authors: Pratami Mentari Putri , Chikmawati Tatik , Rugayah Rugayah 
Published: June 2022

PRATAMI, M. P., CHIKMAWATI, T. & RUGAYAH. 2022. A new species of Mukia (Cucurbitaceae) from Sumba Island, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 21(1): 35‒40. — Mukia sumbensis Pratami is described and illustrated as well as compared with its closely related species M. maderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. and M. leiosperma (Wight & Arn.) Wight. It differs in its tendril size, stem diameter, petiole hairiness, midrib indumentum on upper leaf surface, as well as in shape, margin, and surface of seed. Anatomically the leaf of the new species has two palisade layers, unlike the other two species which have only one layer.
A generalised thermal LED-model and its applications
Authors: Stahlbaum Ruben , Röhe Lars , Kleimeyer Martin , Günther Bert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWithin the last 10 years the illuminants for automotive exterior lighting shifted nearly completely to LEDs. Due to being semiconductor devices, LEDs behave differently compared to incandescent lamps and xenon bulbs. The paper derives a generalized thermal and geometric LED model. This gains advantage because the data provided in data sheets is different from manufacturer to manufacturer and even from one manufacturer the data is not standardized. So the data is not prepared to be included easily in any development process. In this context “model” mainly refers to a calculation procedure. The data provided in data sheets often has to be digitized. Outgoing from this digitized data a model, based on a smart data combination and polynomial regression, is built up. This model is described in detail and an application to simulations by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is discussed. In doing so a geometric simplification is suggested. This simplification is done in a manner to keep the thermal characteristic of the original LED. The model may be used in different applications such as simulations and design. It allows predicting the thermal status and light output during a virtual development phase, because it inherently calculates the thermal power and light output. This may lead to a more precise estimation of temperatures in lighting systems as well as a prediction of hot lumens.
Entrepreneurial Failure: Structuring a Widely Overlooked Field of Research
Authors: Czakon Wojciech , Klimas Patrycja , Tiberius Victor , Ferreira João , Veiga Pedro M. , Kraus Sascha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although entrepreneurial failure (EF) is a fairly recent topic in entrepreneurship literature, the number of publications has been growing dynamically and particularly rapidly. Our systematic review maps and integrates the research on EF based on a multi-method approach to give structure and consistency to this fragmented field of research. The results reveal that the field revolves around six thematic clusters of EF: 1) Soft underpinnings of EF, 2) Contextuality of EF, 3) Perception of EF, 4) Two-sided effects of EF, 5) Multi-stage EF effects, and 6) Institutional drivers of EF. An integrative framework of the positive and negative effects of entrepreneurial failure is proposed, and a research agenda is suggested.
Acyl chain selection couples the consumption and synthesis of phosphoinositides
Authors: Barneda David , Janardan Vishnu , Niewczas Izabella , Collins Daniel M , Cosulich Sabina , Clark Jonathan , Stephens Len R , Hawkins Phillip T 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhosphoinositides (PIPn) in mammalian tissues are enriched in the stearoyl/arachidonoyl acyl chain species (“C38:4”), but its functional significance is unclear. We have used metabolic tracers (isotopologues of inositol, glucose and water) to study PIPn synthesis in cell lines in which this enrichment is preserved to differing relative extents. We show that PIs synthesised from glucose are initially enriched in shorter/more saturated acyl chains, but then rapidly remodelled towards the C38:4 species. PIs are also synthesised by a distinct ‘re‐cycling pathway’, which utilises existing precursors and exhibits substantial selectivity for the synthesis of C38:4‐PA and ‐PI. This re‐cycling pathway is rapidly stimulated during receptor activation of phospholipase‐C, both allowing the retention of the C38:4 backbone and the close coupling of PIPn consumption to its resynthesis, thus maintaining pool sizes. These results suggest that one property of the specific acyl chain composition of PIPn is that of a molecular code, to facilitate ‘metabolic channelling’ from PIP2 to PI via pools of intermediates (DG, PA and CDP‐DG) common to other lipid metabolic pathways.
Architectural Distinctiveness of the 15th Century Ottoman Tombs in Skopje: Learning from the Recent Archeological Excavation
Authors: Ibrahimgil Ammar , Kudumoviç Lana 
Published: June 2022

Grave structures are architectural works reflecting the cultural accumulation, continuity and political power of societies. In addition, graveyards or necropolises and grave structures themselves, have an important contribution in shaping urban forms of cities. This article aims to evaluate the impact of crypted tombs (mezar odalı türbe), originating from the Kurgan culture of the Turks, in shaping the urban morphology of Skopje, as a Turkish city during the 15th century.

Crypted tombs, which are very few in the Balkan geography, are a type of tombs mostly built during the Seljuk and Early Ottoman periods. The rich architectural forms and local aesthetic qualities of tombs have attracted a lot of research attention. As a result, tomb typology was defined by classifying the tombs according to the architectural peculiarities such as plan, volume shape, roofing system and applied materials. For the purpose of this paper, available sources were examined and the typology for six crypted tombs of Skopje was prepared. In addition, the archive documents describing the immediate surroundings of the tombs were examined, and the confusion of information about the tombs was clarified.

After the definitions and typology of the tombs were determined, the locations of these tombs in the city of Skopje were defined, confirming the urban development approach applied since the Early Ottoman period.

This paper relies on the results of Archaeological Excavation and Research Project of the Pasha Yiğit Bey Tomb, which was done under the auspices of the Şarık TARA, in Skopje, during which three crypted tombs were found beside the previously known ones.

In this study, the tombs unearthed as a result of archaeological excavations are defined in the context of the 15th century Early Ottoman city structure. The crypted tombs found in Skopje are discussed for the first time in this study.