bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KONSEP JIHĀD DAN QITĀL PERSPEKTIF SAYYID QUṬB DAN M. QURASH SHIHAB (Telaah Penafsiran Ayat-ayat Jihād dan Qitāl dalam Kitab Tafsīr Fī Ẓilālil Qur’ān dan Tafsīr al Miṣbaḥ)
Authors: Saidun Saidun 
Published: November 2022

Jihād dan qitāl sering kali disebutkan di dalam al-Qur’ān terkait konteks dengan anfus dan fīsabīlillah, sehingga jihād ditafsirkan oleh sebagian mufasīr dengan perang dengan kontak fisik (qitāl).Namun di sisi lain tidak sedikit ulama yang membantah bahwa jihād tidak dapat diartikan dengan peperangan (qitāl) karena jihāh memiliki makna yang sangat luas dan mengadung nilai-nilai yang positif. Tulisan ini difokuskan peda perfektif Sayyid Quṭb Dan M. Qurash Shihab terkait penafsiran nya terhadap ayat-ayat jihād dan qitāl. Dalam tulisan ini peneliti berharap dapat memberikan penjelasan yang komprehensif tentang pendapat Sayyid Quṭb Dan M. Qurash Shihab terkait jihād dan qitāl dan serta relevansi nya dengan masa sekarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi, dengan menggunakan metode komparasi (muqarin) untuk membandingkan antara pendapat kedua mufasir yang menjadi objek kajian pada penelitian seta membandingkannya dengan pedapat ulama lain terkait jihād dan qitāl. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa dalam kotek ayat-ayat jihād yang turun di Makkah Sayyid Quṭb Dan M. Qurash Shihab sepakat bahwa ayat-ayat jihād pada masa ini tidak berarti perang dengan menggunakan senjata. Namun dalam kotek Madinah mereka berbeda pendapat, Sayyid Quṭb berpendapat bahwa jihād dalam Islam sangat relevan untuk menafsirkan ayat-ayat qitāl, peperangan yang dilakukan oleh umat Islam adalah peperangan sepanjang zaman antara Akidah dan kemushrikan dan tidak dapat didamaikan dengan musyawarah atau persetujuan. sedangkan M. Qurash Shihab berpendapat bahwa jihād sering disebutkan dalam konteks peperangan fisik sehingga jihād sering di salah pahamkan, sedangkan perang yang dilakukan oleh umat Islam adalah untuk mempertahankan diri dari segala bentuk kejahatan musuh-musuh Islam.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Muatan Bahasa Indonesia Tema Tubuhku Fokus Membaca Permulaan dengan Metode Silaba pada Siswa Kelas I SDN Sintung Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2016 / 2017.
Authors: Ishak Ishak 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar muatan Bahasa Indonesia tema tubuhku fokus membaca permulaan dengan metode silaba pada siswa kelas I SDN Sintung Barat Tahun pelajaran 2016 / 2017.Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas I tahun pelajaran 2016 /2017 yang berjumlah 28 siswa terdiri dari 15 siswa laki – laki dan 13 siswa perempuan, Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri atas 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Data hasil penelitian diperoleh dari hasil hasil belajar siswa selama kegiatan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia berlangsung dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua bentuk analisis data yaitu analisis kuantitatif dan analisis kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diolah dengan menggunakan rumus prosentase. Jika dibandingkan hasil belajar dari siklus I menuju siklus II terjadi peningkatan hasil yang sangat signifikan , dimana pada siklus I diperoleh nilai rata – rata sebesar 65,21 meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 80,60 meningkat sebesar 15,39 poin ,kemudian ketuntasan belajar pada siklus I jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 16 siswa atau sebesar 57 % meningkat pada siklus II jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 25 siswa atau persentase sebesar 89 % terjadi peningkatan sebesar 32 poin begitu juga dengan ketuntasan klasikal berhasil di capai pada siklus II sebesar 89 %. Maka dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan meode silaba dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar bahasa Indonesia tema tubuhku fokus membaca permulaan di kelas I SDN Sintung Barat tahun pelajaran 2016/2017
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Mengurutkan nilai Mata uang dengan Peraga Kongkrit pada Siswa Kelas II SDN 7 Praya Tahun Pelajaran 2018 /2019
Authors: Masniati Masniati 
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pada siswa kelas II SDN7 Praya khususnya dalam materi Mengurutkan nilai mata uang dengan peraga konkret, agar nilai yang dihasilkan dapat memenuhi syarat ketuntasan belajar. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus, tiap siklus meliputi: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Adapun yang menjadi subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas II SDN 7 Praya Kecamatan Praya Kabupaten Lombok Tengah tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 terdiri dari 25 siswa, diantaranya 9 siswa laki-laki dan 16 siswa perempuan. Dari kedua hasil pengolahan data yang diperoleh perbandingan bahwa pada siklus I dengan menggunakan media kongrit pada materi mengurutkan nilai mata uang nilai rata – rata diperoleh 65 sedangkan pada siklus II nilai rata – rata diperoleh sebesar 85 terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 20 poin. Sedangkan jumlah siswa yang tuntas pada siklus I sebanyak 13 siswa dengan persentase sebesar 52%, sedangkan pada siklus II jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 23 siswa dengan persentase sebesar 92% , maka terjadi peningkatan sebesar 40 poin. Begitu juga dengan ketuntasan klasikal yang dipatok sebesar ≥ 85% juga sudah tercapai, maka dengan demikian semua indikator keberhasilan yang dipatok sudah tercapai sehingga penelitian ini dihentikan sampai pada siklus II. Dengan demikian dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa dengan menggunakan media kongret dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika materi satuan ukuran baku pada siswa kelas II SDN7 Praya kecamatan Praya tahun pelajaran 2018 / 2019.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Blended Learning
Authors: Uyun Musmiratul 
Published: November 2022

AbstrakDi tengah merebaknya penyebaran covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membawa dampak pada sistem pendidikan di indonesia. Sekolah memberi solusi pembelajaran pada masa ini adalah dengan menggunakan pembelajaran tatap muka dan daring secara bergantian untuk mengurangi jumah siswa yang hadir di sekolah pada saat pembelajaran tatap muka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Blended Learning. Lokasi penelitian ini di M.Ts Al-Islahuddiny Kediri Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Sampel Penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IX M.Ts Al Islahuddiny Kediri sebanyak 32 orang siswa.Dari data hasil penelitan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan uji hipotesis yaitu paired sampel t-test. Dari uji hipotesisi penelitian dihasilkan bahwa thitung= 5,3509 >ttabel= 1,6955 dengan = 0,05 ,ini berarti H0 ditolak dan HA diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar matematika siswa sebelum dan setelah penerapan model pembelajaran Blended Learning. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Blended Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Visual Siswa Ditinjau Dari Adversity Quotient
Authors: Wahyuni Geo , Mujib Abdul , Zahari Cut Latifah 
Published: November 2022

Peneletian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa dalam Berpikir Visual ditinjau dari Adversity Quotient, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk melihat proses berpikir visual siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kualitatif Deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 orang siswa kelas X yang terdiri dari Quitter, Camper, dan Climber. Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini adalah dengan tes, angket dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa pada level Quitter belum menunjukkan semua tahapan berpikir visual. Untuk level Camper dan Climber sudah mulai menunjukkan tahapan berpikir visual, akan tetapi pada kedua level masih mengalami keterhambatan dalam tahapan Imaging dan Showing & Telling. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperlukannya peningkatan dalam kemampuan berpikir visual dan Adversity Quotient dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis Geogebra.
Remap Rt (Reading Concept Map Reciprocal Teaching) To Enhance Students’ Reading Skill
Authors: Muhlisin Muhammad , Imran Fathurrahman 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the research was to know the REMAP RT learning model can enhance on XI grade students’ cognitive learning outcomes in reading comprehension at MA NW Asmaul Husna. It was participant classroom action research. It was done in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Subject of the research was 26 students. Instruments used were students' test, students' and teacher’s activities used observation sheets, at the end of each cycle. The research findings show that implementation of REMAP RT learning model can improve students' cognitive competence. Percentage of students' classical achievement in cognitive competence improves time by time. In pre-cycle, the percentage is 46% (not enough), in cycle I is 50% (not enough) and in cycle II is 92% (very good). Meanwhile, percentage of students' Activity also improves. In pre-cycle, the percentage is 52% (enough), in cycle I is 64% (good) and in cycle II is 80% (very good). From the finding, it proves that the implementation of REMAP RT learning model can improve students' cognitive competence and Activity in class XI of MA NW Asmaul Husna
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Matin Mohammad Quamrul Islam , Hossain Mohammad Golam , Khan Mohammad Anwar Hossain , Khan Md. Mustafa , Haque Mohammad Shaidul , Banu Maksuma Akter 
Published: November 2022

The goal of the current investigation was to determine correlation coefficient, path analysis and genetic variability among twenty four maize hybrids for ten characters in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications at the research field of Plant Breeding Division, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Barisal, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Bangladesh during rabi season of 2014-15.
The measured traits were Days to 50% tasseling (DT), days to 50% silking (DS), anthesis silking interval (ASI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), days to maturity (DM), cob length (CL), cob diameter (CD), thousand seed weight (TSW) and yield(yield t/ha). Here yield was considered as dependent variable and the rest of the parameters were independent variable. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and mean values were compared by DMRT test at both 5% and 1% of probability. Positive and significant genotypic, phenotypic correlation coefficient were recorded for yield with cob diameter (rg=0.75**, rp=0.61**), cob length (rg=0.66**and rp=0.42**), plant height (rg=0.62**and rp=0.55**), ear height (rg=0.66**and rp=0.55**) and thousand seed weight (rg=0.36**and rp=0.44**). High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was obtained from anthesis silking interval (17.26), yield (15.17), ear height (13.80) and thousand seed weight (9.43). The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were observed in anthesis silking interval (26.49) followed by yield (20.51), ear height (16.19) and the lowest in days to maturity (0.70). The difference between GCV and PCV of yield indicated that the characters had some environmental influence. The highest heritability was observed for plant height (73.78) followed by ear height (72.67), thousand seed weight (59.52) and days to maturity (55.97) but the lowest heritability identified for days to silking (18.98). The characters with higher values of GCV and heritability of the aforementioned traits were indicative for selection. The plant height had the highest positive direct effect (1.34) on yield followed by days to silking (0.75), cob diameter CD (0.46) and thousand seed weight (0.41), days to maturity (0.21) and cob length (0.20) indicating the effectiveness of direct selection. Direct negative effect on yield was shown by ear height (-1.03), days to tasseling (-0.52) and anthesis silking interval (-0.50) was indicating the effectiveness of indirect selection.
Use Trends and Recent Expenditures for Cervical Cancer Screening–Associated Services in Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries Older Than 65 Years
Authors: Qin Jin , Holt Hunter K. , Richards Thomas B. , Saraiya Mona , Sawaya George F. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceSince 1996, the US Preventive Services Task Force has recommended against cervical cancer screening in average-risk women 65 years or older with adequate prior screening. Little is known about the use of cervical cancer screening–associated services in this age group.ObjectiveTo examine annual use trends in cervical cancer screening–associated services, specifically cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests, colposcopy, and cervical procedures (loop electrosurgical excision procedure, cone biopsy, and ablation) in Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries during January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2019, and estimate expenditures for services performed in 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, cross-sectional analysis included health service use data across 21 years for women aged 65 to 114 years with Medicare fee-for-service coverage (15-16 million women per year). Data analysis was conducted between July 2021 and April 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of testing modalities (cytology alone, cytology plus HPV testing [cotesting], HPV testing alone); annual use rate per 100 000 women of cytology and HPV testing, colposcopy, and cervical procedures from 1999 to 2019; Medicare expenditure for these services in 2019.ResultsThere were 15 323 635 women 65 years and older with Medicare fee-for-service coverage in 1999 and 15 298 656 in 2019. In 2019, the mean (SD) age of study population was 76.2 (8.1) years, 5.1% were Hispanic, 0.5% were non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, 3.0% were non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, 7.4% were non-Hispanic Black, and 82.0% were non-Hispanic White. From 1999 to 2019, the percentage of women who received at least 1 cytology or HPV test decreased from 18.9% (2.9 million women) in 1999 to 8.5% (1.3 million women) in 2019, a reduction of 55.3%; use rates of colposcopy and cervical procedures decreased 43.2% and 64.4%, respectively. Trend analyses showed a 4.6% average annual reduction in use of cytology or HPV testing during 1999 to 2019 (P &amp;lt; .001). Use rates of colposcopy and cervical procedures decreased before 2015 then plateaued during 2015 to 2019. The total Medicare expenditure for all services rendered in 2019 was about $83.5 million. About 3% of women older than 80 years received at least 1 service at a cost of $7.4 million in 2019.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cross-sectional study suggest that while annual use of cervical cancer screening–associated services in the Medicare fee-for-service population older than 65 years has decreased during the last 2 decades, more than 1.3 million women received these services in 2019 at substantial costs.
Effect of Irrigation Fluid Temperature on Recurrence in the Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Bartley Andreas , Bartek Jiri , Jakola Asgeir S. , Sundblom Jimmy , Fält Marie , Förander Petter , Marklund Niklas , Tisell Magnus 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceThe effect of a physical property of irrigation fluid (at body vs room temperature) on recurrence rate in the evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) needs further study.ObjectiveTo explore whether irrigation fluid temperature has an influence on cSDH recurrence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a multicenter randomized clinical trial performed between March 16, 2016, and May 30, 2020. The follow-up period was 6 months. The study was conducted at 3 neurosurgical departments in Sweden. All patients older than 18 years undergoing cSDH evacuation during the study period were screened for eligibility in the study.InterventionsThe study participants were randomly assigned by 1:1 block randomization to the cSDH evacuation procedure with irrigation fluid at room temperature (RT group) or at body temperature (BT group).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was recurrence requiring reoperation within 6 months. Secondary end points were mortality, health-related quality of life, and complication frequency.ResultsAt 6 months after surgery, 541 patients (mean [SD] age, 75.8 [9.8] years; 395 men [73%]) had a complete follow-up according to protocol. There were 39 of 277 recurrences (14%) requiring reoperation in the RT group, compared with 16 of 264 recurrences (6%) in the BT group (odds ratio, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.38-4.66; P &amp;lt; .001). There were no significant differences in mortality, health-related quality of life, or complication frequency.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, irrigation at body temperature was superior to irrigation at room temperature in terms of fewer recurrences. This is a simple, safe, and readily available technique to optimize outcome in patients with cSDH. When irrigation is used in cSDH surgery, irrigation fluid at body temperature should be considered standard of care.Trial RegistrationClincalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02757235.
Intensity, intent, and ambiguity: Appraisals of workplace ostracism and coping responses
Authors: Meral Erdem O. , Vranjes Ivana , van Osch Yvette , Ren Dongning , van Dijk Eric , van Beest Ilja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing both correlational and experimental designs across four studies (N = 1251 working individuals), the current project aimed to contribute to the understanding of workplace ostracism by studying two research questions. First, we tested whether the subjective experience of targets reflects the current theorizing of ostracism. Second, drawing from the transactional theory of stress and coping, we investigated whether this subjective experience impacts targets' coping responses. Findings based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the current theorizing of workplace ostracism such that perceived intensity, intent, and ambiguity were reflected in how targets appraised being ostracized at work. The appraisals were also related to coping responses. Perceived intensity predicted more approach‐oriented (e.g., confrontation) and less avoidance‐oriented coping responses (e.g., minimization). While attributions of intent also predicted some coping responses (e.g., instrumental support seeking), the explanatory power of perceived ambiguity was lower than the other two appraisals. Although these researcher‐defined dimensions may be reflective of targets' experience, we propose that predictions made based on these dimensions need further refinement. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings are discussed in relation to how workplace ostracism is typically studied in the literature.
Discrete time partial‐state feedback model reference disturbance rejection control
Authors: Sang Yingli , Zhang Zhengqiang 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis article develops a disturbance rejection control strategy using partial‐state feedback model reference adaptive control for discrete‐time uncertain systems with unknown input disturbances. Adaptive control schemes are proposed for constant disturbances, sinusoidal disturbances, and generic bounded disturbances. The partial‐state feedback control is designed based on measurable signals and the parameterization method to counteract the effect of disturbances. The plant‐model output matching condition is established. The developed control law is more flexible for applications and has a more concise structure than output feedback control. Additionally, closed‐loop stability and asymptotic output tracking are derived. The effectiveness and the feasibility of partial‐state feedback disturbance rejection control are verified by simulation results.
Impermeable Atomic Layer Deposition for Sputtering Buffer Layer in Efficient Semi‐Transparent and Tandem Solar Cells via Activating Unreactive Substrate
Authors: Yu Bohao , Tang Fei , Yang Yuzhao , Huang Jincheng , Wu Shaohang , Lu Feiping , Duan Weiyuan , Lambertz Andreas , Ding Kaining , Mai Yaohua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) turns out to be particularly attractive technology for the sputtering buffer layer when preparing the semi‐transparent (ST) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and the tandem solar cells. ALD process turns to be island growth when the substrate is unreactive with the ALD reactants, resulting in the pin‐hole layer, which causes an adverse effect on anti‐sputtering. Here, p–i–n structured PSCs with ALD SnOx as sputtering buffer layer are conducted. The commonly used electron transportation layer (ETL) PCBM in the p–i–n structured PVK solar cell is an unreactive substrate that prevents the layer‐by‐layer growth for the ALD SnOx. PCBM layer is activated by introducing reaction sites to form impermeable ALD layers. By introducing reaction sites/ALD SnOx as sputtering buffer layer, the authors succeed to fabricate ST‐PSCs and perovskite/silicon (double‐side polished) tandem solar cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.25% and 23.31%, respectively. Besides, the unencapsulated device with reaction sites maintains more than 99% of the initial PCE after aging over 5100 h. This work opens a promising avenue to prepare impermeable layer for stable PSCs, ST‐PSCs, tandem solar cells, and the related scale‐up solar cells.
Tailored NIR‐II Lanthanide Luminescent Nanocrystals for Improved Biomedical Application
Authors: Zhao Mengyao , Sik Attila , Zhang Hongxin , Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently, in vivo optical imaging in the second‐near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) that allows high spatiotemporal resolution and imaging depth due to reduced photon scattering and weak auto‐fluorescence has drawn more and more attention. Among various NIR‐II optical probes, lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles show several great advantages including abundant energy levels transitions for multi‐emissions, ultra‐stable emissions for long‐term detection, and long luminescence lifetime for background‐free imaging. These merits have inspired researchers to make great efforts to develop superior lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles for in vivo bio‐imaging and bio‐sensing. In this review, NIR‐II luminescent emissions and absorption spectra of several lanthanide ions are outlined, and the recent advances in designing NIR‐II lanthanide‐doped nanocrystals with optimized quantum yields are summarized. Then their significant concerns for in vivo imaging and sensing including assembly and disassembly, clearance, and responsiveness of lanthanide‐based nanoparticles are discussed. Major challenges and future opportunities in the NIR‐II bio‐imaging using lanthanide nanocrystals are finally proposed to direct new solutions and interdisciplinary research.