bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting mechanical properties of ultrahigh temperature ceramics using machine learning
Authors: Han Taihao , Huang Jie , Sant Gaurav , Neithalath Narayanan , Kumar Aditya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have melting points above 3000°C and outstanding strength at high temperatures, thus making them apposite structural materials for high‐temperature applications. Di‐borides, nitride, and carbide compounds—processed via various techniques—have been extensively studied and used in the manufacture of UHTCs. Current analytical models, based on our current but incomplete understanding of the theory, are unable to produce a priori predictions of mechanical properties of UHTCs based on their mixture designs and processing parameters. As a result, researchers have to rely on experiments—which are often costly and time‐consuming—to understand composition–structure–performance links in UHTCs. This study employs machine learning (ML) models (i.e., random forest and artificial neural network models) to predict Young's modulus, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of UHTCs in relation to a wide range of mixture designs, processing parameters, and testing conditions. Outcomes demonstrate that adequately trained ML models can yield reliable predictions, a priori, of the three aforesaid mechanical properties. The prediction performance on Young's modulus is superior to flexural strength and fracture toughness. Next, the ML model with the best prediction performance is utilized to evaluate and rank the impacts of input variables on Young's modulus. Finally, on the basis of such classification of consequential and inconsequential input variables, this study develops an easy‐to‐use, closed‐form analytical model to predict Young's modulus of UHTCs. Overall, this study highlights the ability of data‐driven numerical models to complement, or even replace, time‐consuming experiments, thereby accelerating the development of UHTCs.
Metaprofiling of the bacterial community in sorghum silages inoculated with lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Puntillo Melisa , Peralta Guillermo H. , Bürgi María D. Milagros , Huber Paula , Gaggiotti Mónica , Binetti Ana G. , Vinderola Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
To characterize the fermentation process and bacterial diversity of sorghum silage inoculated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LpAv, Pediococcus pentosaceus PpM and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LcAv.

Methods and Results
Chopped sorghum was ensiled using the selected strains. Physicochemical parameters (Ammonia Nitrogen/Total Nitrogen, Dry Matter, Crude Protein, Acid Detergent Fibre, Neutral Detergent Fibre, Acid Detergent Lignin, Ether Extract and Ashes), bacterial counts, cell cytometry and 16sRNA sequencing were performed to characterize the ensiling process and an animal trial (BALB/c mice) was conducted in order to preliminary explore the potential of sorghum silage to promote animal gut health. After 30 days of ensiling, the genus Lactobacillus comprised 68.4 ± 2.3% and 73.5 ± 1.8% of relative abundance, in control and inoculated silages respectively. Richness (Chao1 index) in inoculated samples, but not in control silages, diminished along ensiling, suggesting the domination of fermentation by the inoculated LAB. A trend in conferring enhanced protection against Salmonella infection was observed in the mouse model used to explore the potential to promote gut health of sorghum silage.

Conclusions
The LAB strains used in this study were able to dominate sorghum fermentation.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This is the first report using metaprofiling of 16sRNA to characterize sorghum silage, showing a microbiological insight where resident and inoculated LAB strains overwhelmed the epiphytic microbiota, inhibiting potential pathogens of the genus Klebsiella.
Analysis of clinical phenotypes of neuropathic symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter study
Authors: Kim Yu Ji , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Chang Won , Chung Choon Hee , Lee Jae Hyuk , Ko Seung Hyun , Cho Dong Hyeok , Lee Ji Hyun , Cho Ho Chan , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Chong Hwa , Won Jong Chul , Park Tae Sun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe investigated the classification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients by subjective symptoms, and identification of the relationship between the patterns and intensities of symptoms and the clustered groups of DPN patients.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter study analyzed epidemiological data and sensory symptoms of 649 patients with DPN. Cluster analysis was carried out to identify subgroups of patients with characteristic symptom profiles. Factor analysis was carried out to investigate the symptom patterns of the clustered groups of DPN patients.ResultsThree clusters of patients with DPN were identified: severe symptoms with decreased quality of life (cluster 1, n = 119, 18.3%), predominantly insensate symptoms with relatively good quality of life (cluster 2, n = 318, 49.0%), and moderate pain intensity and decreased quality of life (cluster 3, n = 204, 31.4%). The frequency of symptoms on each item of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire showed a similar distribution according to pain intensities along with the three clusters.ConclusionsOur study supports the hypothesis that diversity in sensory symptoms exists in patients with DPN. Heterogeneity in DPN patients should be taken into account for a more stratified or individualized treatment approach. Based on a multicenter study, we identified three clusters of patients with DPN. Our research supports the hypothesis that diversity in sensory symptoms exists in patients with DPN. Heterogeneity in DPN patients should be taken into account for a more stratified or individualized treatment approach.
Effect of a physical activity intervention and frailty on frailty trajectory and major mobility disability
Authors: Quach Jack , Theou Olga , Pérez‐Zepeda Mario U. , Godin Judith , Rockwood Kenneth , Kehler Dustin S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) interventions may reduce the burden of frailty and can prevent mobility disability for older adults. We explored whether a 2‐year PA intervention would improve frailty trajectory, lead to clinically meaningful frailty changes (CMC), or impact major mobility disability (MMD) across baseline frailty levels.MethodsWe analyzed data for 1635 community‐dwelling participants who were 70–89 years old (mean baseline age [SD]: 78.9 [5.2] years, 67.2% female) from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence Study. Participants were randomized to either PA or health education (HE) intervention. A 44‐item frailty index (FI) was constructed at baseline and 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 years after baseline. CMC was defined as change in FI of ≥0.03. MMD was the inability to complete a 400 m‐walk within 15 min without assistance. Mixed‐effects models were used to estimate frailty trajectory and CMC. Cox regression models were used to determine whether the effect of PA on the composite of MMD or death differed by baseline FI.ResultsMean FI (SD) at baseline for both the PA and HE groups was 0.18 (0.10). Two years after baseline, mean FIs were 0.23 (0.12) for PA and 0.24 (0.12) for HE. The MMD rates were 30.1% (246/818) and 35.5% (290/817) for PA and HE, respectively. There was no time‐by‐intervention interaction for frailty trajectory or for CMC. Regarding the composite MMD and death, there was no FI‐by‐intervention interaction. Simple association analyses revealed that when baseline FI was centered at 0.15 or higher, the PA intervention was associated with lower risk of MMD or death compared to HE (HR [CI] range for FI ≥ 0.15: 0.65–0.81 [0.43–0.67, 0.90–0.98]).ConclusionParticipants in both groups showed similar frailty trajectories and CMC. Those who were frailer benefitted more from the PA intervention regarding MMD and death and may be a focus of recruitments for future PA program.
Emergency department‐to‐community care transition barriers: A qualitative study of older adults
Authors: Gettel Cameron J. , Serina Peter T. , Uzamere Ivie , Hernandez‐Bigos Kizzy , Venkatesh Arjun K. , Rising Kristin L. , Goldberg Elizabeth M. , Feder Shelli L. , Cohen Andrew B. , Hwang Ula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOver one‐half of older adults are discharged to the community after emergency department (ED) visits, and studies have shown there is increased risk of adverse health outcomes in the immediate post‐discharge period. Understanding the experiences of older adults during ED‐to‐community care transitions has the potential to improve geriatric emergency clinical care and inform intervention development. We therefore sought to assess barriers experienced by older adults during ED‐to‐community care transitions.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative analysis of community‐dwelling cognitively intact patients aged 65 years and older receiving care in four diverse EDs from a single U.S. healthcare system. We constructed a conceptual framework a priori to guide the development and iterative revision of a codebook, used purposive sampling, and conducted recorded, semi‐structured interviews using a standardized guide. Two researchers coded the professionally transcribed data using a combined deductive and inductive approach and analyzed transcripts to identify dominant themes and representative quotations.ResultsAmong 25 participants, 20 (80%) were women and 17 (68%) were white. We identified four barriers during the ED‐to‐community care transition: (1) ED discharge process was abrupt with missing information regarding symptom explanation and performed testing, (2) navigating follow‐up outpatient clinical care was challenging, (3) new physical limitations and fears hinder performance of baseline activities, and (4) major and minor ramifications for caregivers impact an older adult's willingness to request or accept assistance.ConclusionsOlder adults identified barriers to successful ED‐to‐community care transitions that can inform the development of novel and effective interventions.
Nutrition support and intervention preferences of cancer survivors
Authors: Keaver Laura , O'Callaghan Niamh , Douglas Pauline 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAscertaining cancer survivors’ specific needs and preferences regarding nutrition information delivery is important in developing and designing future health interventions in oncology. The present study aimed to explore the nutrition information needs of cancer survivors and their preferences regarding intervention delivery.MethodsThe present study is a mixed‐methods study comprising a cross‐sectional survey and focus groups. Participants were eligible for inclusion if they were aged ≥ 18 years, living in Ireland with a cancer diagnosis and had completed treatment at least 6 months previously. Cancer support centres promoted the online survey on social media. Focus groups were conducted with 20 individuals.ResultsThe cohort (n = 56) was predominantly female (n = 50; 89.3%) breast cancer survivors (n = 42; 75%). Seven (12.5%) had received nutrition advice from a dietitian. Most were interested in receiving nutrition advice (n = 52; 92.9%), with variability in delivery mode. There was interest in improving sleep quality (n = 35; 62.5%), making positive lifestyle changes (n = 28; 50%) and accessing cancer‐specific physical activity classes (n = 27; 48.2%). The best time to deliver information was throughout the cancer journey (n = 31; 55.4%). Time and motivation (n = 15; 26.8%) were the main barriers. Facilitators were keeping healthy (n = 42; 75%) and weight maintenance (n = 31; 55.4%). Four themes emerged from thematic analysis: lack of nutrition guidance, an abundance of misinformation, one size does not fit all and dietitians as the preferred source of advice.ConclusionsThere is a desire for evidence‐based nutrition advice and for dietitians to be integrated into cancer clinics and cancer survivorship care. This research guides future nutrition interventions to improve cancer survivorship outcomes.
Effect of platelet concentrate prepared by different methods on the healing of full‐thickness skin defects
Authors: Huang Liwen , Dong Yunqing , Li Changhui , Han Sheng , Cheng Biao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich plasma and concentrated growth factors have been widely utilized in tissue regeneration. However, very few studies have focused on comparing the merits of these two materials in skin repair.AimsWe aim to compare the wound healing effects of four platelet concentrates.MethodsAuto‐platelet‐rich plasma, artificial platelet‐rich plasma, concentrated growth factors in a liquid phase, and a gel phase were prepared, and a full‐thickness skin defect model of mice was made. The skin defects were treated with normal saline as a control and also the four kinds of platelet concentrates mentioned above, respectively. Wound size was measured and calculated on days 3, 5, 7, and 10, with histological analysis performed.ResultsAll four platelet concentrates accelerated wound healing in mice. Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) in concentrated growth factors in a liquid phase, a gel phase, and artificial platelet‐rich plasma groups were significantly lower than those in the control group; and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 were significantly higher than those in the control group and auto‐platelet‐rich plasma group.ConclusionsAll four platelet concentrates appear to promote wound healing. Compared with auto‐platelet‐rich plasma, concentrated growth factors in a liquid phase and in a gel phase, and artificial platelet‐rich plasma seem to have more substantial effects in promoting angiogenesis, epithelialization, and reducing inflammation, thus promoting a stronger effect on wound healing.
Evaluation of antibacterial and wound‐healing activities of alcoholic extract of Boswellia carterii, in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Hasson Shaimaa Obaid , Jasim Adnan Mansour , Salman Sumod Abdul Kadhem , Akrami Sousan , Saki Morteza , Hassan Maryam Adil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundToday, despite the existence of various chemical and physical treatments for wound healing, the use of traditional medicine including herbal medicine is still widely used in most developed and developing countries.ObjectivesTo investigate the antimicrobial and wound‐healing activities of alcoholic extract of Boswellia carterii (BC) plant.MethodsThe BC extract was prepared using alcohol 70%. The chemical groups and extract compounds were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, respectively. The antimicrobial and wound‐healing activities of different concentrations of BC extract and its combination with penicillin–streptomycin were assessed by agar well diffusion and infected wound model in albino rabbits, respectively.ResultsFTIR revealed the presence of hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, alkyl C–H stretches, aromatic C=C bends, and aromatic C–H bends in the BC extract. The HPLC revealed 14 different compounds including thujene (48.0%) as the most abundant ingredient. All BC concentrations showed antibacterial and wound‐healing activities. The 10% concentration of BC extract had the strongest antibacterial effect. Also, the combination of penicillin–streptomycin with BC extract showed synergistic antibacterial effect. The 5% concentration of BC was the best wound‐healing compound which healed the wound in 6 days and decreased the wound size 10 mm each day.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the potential abilities of BC as an antibacterial and wound‐healing medicinal plant. Further studies are required to justify the in vivo use of this plant.
Contribution of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of neurosonographically detected cases of isolated mild and moderate cerebral ventriculomegaly
Authors: Adiyaman Duygu , Öztekin Özgür , Kuyucu Melda , Atakul Bahar K. , Toklu Gizem , Aykut İsmail , Yıldırım Alkım G. Ş. , Özeren Mehmet , Öztekin Deniz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to present the contribution of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of fetuses that were previously identified as isolated mild and moderate cerebral ventriculomegaly (VM) by ultrasound (US).MethodsThe data between February 2013 and August 2020 were collected for women who were diagnosed with isolated mild or moderate fetal VM by US and subsequently underwent a fetal MRI.ResultsAmong 321 women, 21 (6.5%) had a clinically important additional finding after MRI. Twelve of 276 (4.3%) fetuses with mild VM and 9 of 45 (20%) with moderate VM had turned out to have additional central nervous system abnormalities. Additional findings were detected more in fetuses with moderate VM, mothers with an anterior‐located placenta, and mothers with higher body mass indexes (BMIs) with statistical significance (p = 0.001, p = 0.013, p = 0.036, respectively). The most common additional MRI finding was grade 3 or 4 germinal matrix hemorrhage, which was detected in 11 of 21 fetuses (52.3%).ConclusionsConsidering the countries' health policies, prenatal MRI would contribute mostly to the diagnosis of fetuses with moderate VM, pregnancies with anterior‐located placenta, and mothers with high BMIs. According to our data, we believe that MRI will be valuable, especially in the diagnosis of grade 3 and 4 intracranial hemorrhage group.
Surface Characteristics and Flexural Strength of Porous‐Surface Designed Zirconia Manufactured via Stereolithography
Authors: Ma Quanquan , Ding Qian , Zhang Lei , Sun Yuchun , Xie Qiufei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo design and fabricate zirconia bars with porous surfaces using stereolithography and evaluate their surface characteristics and flexural strengths.Materials and MethodsFive groups of zirconia bars (20 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm) with interconnected porous surfaces were designed and manufactured: (i) 400‐µm pore size and 50% porosity (D400‐P50 group), (ii) 400‐µm pore size and 30% porosity (D400‐P30 group), (iii) 200‐µm pore size and 50% porosity (D200‐P50 group), (iv) 200‐µm pore size and 30% porosity (D200‐P30 group), and (v) 100‐µm pore size and 30% porosity (D100‐P30 group). Zirconia bars without a porous surface (NP) were used as controls. The surface topographies and pore structures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and three‐dimensional laser microscopy. The printed porosity was calculated using the Archimedes method. Fifteen specimens from each group were subjected to a three‐point bending test according to the ISO 6872:2015 standard. A Weibull analysis was performed, and the fractured surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy.ResultsZirconia bars with porous surfaces were designed and successfully manufactured. The designed pore size, porosity, and shape of the printed pores were approximately achieved for all the porous surfaces. The flexural strength of the control group was significantly higher than those of the groups with porous surfaces (p < 0.001). For the same porosity, groups with a pore size of 400 µm exhibited a lower flexural strength than the other groups (p<0.001). Additionally, for the same pore‐size design, the flexural strengths of group D400‐P50 and D400‐P30 exhibited no significant differences (p = 0.150), while the flexural strengths of D200‐P30 were significantly higher than that of the D200‐P50 group (p = 0.043). The control group and D400‐P50 group had higher Weibull moduli than the other groups. The fractography of the specimens with porous surfaces indicated more than one crack origin, mainly owing to defects, including pores and cracks.ConclusionZirconia bars with porous surfaces were successfully designed and fabricated using the stereolithography technique. Although porous surfaces may be advantageous for osteogenesis, the porous‐surface design can reduce the flexural strength of the printed zirconia bars. By reducing the pore size, controlling the porosity, and improving the printing accuracy, a higher strength can be achieved.
From adversity to activism: A psychobiographical case study of Cori Bush
Authors: Wilson Megan E. , Hill Patrick L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionCori Bush is a prominent modern activist in the U.S., becoming involved in activism following Michael Brown's death. Bush, like many activists before her, has set clear goals for social change, yet work is needed to understand why Bush (and like others) became an activist when others did not. One potential reason may be that these exemplars found purpose in life in activism. Thus, the current psychobiography explores the purpose in life of Cori Bush, a prominent activist and politician in the U.S., as well as what factors emerge for how Bush found her purpose in life.MethodThe present research gathered public materials (e.g., speeches) from Bush and coded materials for the presence and depth of both themes of purpose and factors predicting purpose.ResultsActivism was the most prominent theme of purpose for Bush, with some pro‐social purposes also occurring. Multiple personal factors emerged as influences on her activist purpose, including extraversion, psychological flexibility, and action‐oriented coping style. Additionally, the situational factors of discriminatory experiences and Michael Brown's death emerged as factors.ConclusionThese results suggest that Bush has an activist purpose in life and that she found this purpose through a combination of personal and situational factors.
Physical activity and physical and mental health in middle‐aged adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Fleming Victoria , Piro‐Gambetti Brianna , Handen Benjamin , Christian Bradley T. , Cohen Annie , Tudorascu Dana , Plante David T. , Okonkwo Ozioma , Hartley Sigan L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdults with Down syndrome have an increased risk of aging‐related physical and mental health conditions and experience them at an earlier age than the general population. There is a need to investigate modifiable lifestyle factors that may reduce risk for these conditions. The present study investigated the associations between physical activity (i.e., sedentary behavior and moderate‐to‐vigorous activity) assessed via accelerometer across 7 days and caregiver‐reported physical and mental health of 66 nondemented middle‐aged adults with Down syndrome aged 25–55 years (52% female). Regression analyses indicated that more time spent in moderate intensity physical activity was associated with less risk of sleep apnea (β = −0.031, p = 0.004) and endocrine/metabolic conditions (β = −0.046, p = 0.009), and lower total number of physical health conditions (β = −0.110, p = 0.016) and anxiety disorders (β = −0.021, p = 0.049) after controlling for relevant sociodemographics. After also adjusting for body‐mass‐index (BMI), the association between time spent in moderate intensity physical activity and sleep apnea (β = −0.035, p = 0.002), endocrine/metabolic conditions (β = −0.033, p = 0.045) and total physical health (β = −0.091, p = 0.026) remained significant. Unexpectedly, time spent in sedentary behavior was negatively associated with musculoskeletal conditions (β = −0.017, p = 0.044). Findings indicate important associations between physical activity in everyday life and the physical and mental health of adults with Down syndrome. Social policies and interventions aimed at reducing time spent sitting around (i.e., sedentary behavior) and encouraging moderate‐to‐vigorous activity may be a low‐burden and low‐cost mechanism for fostering healthy physical and mental aging in the Down syndrome population.