bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Control of Piezoelectricity Enhancement via Modulation of the Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in a BiFeO3 Thin Film
Authors: Heo Yooun , Zhang Hangbo , Alexe Marin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPiezoelectricity, which is an electromechanical effect induced by conversion between mechanical and electrical energy, is one of the key functionalities in ferroelectric oxides. Traditionally, structural engineering in synthesis via a variety of processing control parameters has been a well‐established route to host so‐called morphotropic phase boundaries for enhancing piezoelectricity. However, this involves dealing with synthetical complexity and difficulties of strictly controlling structures and defects. Instead, for simple and in situ control, here, a critical pathway for light‐induced piezoelectricity enhancement and its dynamic control is unveiled in a BiFeO3/DyScO3 thin film by implementing an in‐plane geometry operation, allowing for modulation of the bulk photovoltaic effect. A series of in‐plane length‐dependent piezoresponse force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy‐based measurements under illumination reveals its strong influence on the photocurrent and photovoltage, consequently revealing a maximum of eightfold increase of the effective piezoelectric coefficient, dzz. Light polarization dependent measurements show sinusoidal behavior of piezoelectricity closely linked to photocurrent variations, leading to a further threefold increase of dzz. Temporal decay measurements reveal persistent behavior of enhanced piezoelectricity after removal of illumination, associated with reemission of photocarriers trapped in sub‐levels. These results pave the way for light‐induced piezoelectricity enhancement compatible with the photovoltaic effect in ferroelectric thin films for multifunctional nano‐optoelectronics.
Construction of fluorescent hyperbranched polysiloxane‐based clusteroluminogens with enhanced quantum yield and efficient cellular lighting
Authors: Bai Tian , Zhang Yunsheng , Wang Lan , Yan Hongxia , Zhou Wenhao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOwing to its designability and intrinsic fluorescence, non‐conjugated hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi) has attracted widespread attention in biological filed, while it is still severely restricted by low fluorescence efficiency. So, in this paper, we introduced disulfide into HBPSi improving their luminescence properties and synthesized different molecular weight HBPSi (P1, P2, and P3). Surprisingly, P1 exhibited ultrahigh quantum yield up to 47.81%. Meanwhile, experiments applied with theoretical calculations were employed to explore the fluorescence mechanism, which is attributed to efficient restricting of non‐radiative decay by clusteroluminogens formed with the cooperation of hyperbranched structure and double hydrogen bonding. In addition, the biocompatibility of P1 was verified by co‐culture with MC3T3‐E1 and P1 lighted up mouse fibroblast cells without fluorescent dyes. This work designed a novel fluorescent polymer with ultrahigh fluorescence quantum yield and cell imaging ability, which is promising in visualization diagnosis and treatment of tumor.
Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A single‐center retrospective observational study
Authors: Okano Hiromu , Furuya Ryosuke , Niida Shoko , Minami Sakura , Horiuchi Hiroshi , Suzuki Naoya , Otsuka Tsuyoshi , Miyazaki Hiroshi 
Published: September 2022

AimThis study compared the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pneumonia treated with high‐dose methylprednisolone and other steroids.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included critically ill COVID‐19 pneumonia adult patients with tracheal intubation treated between April 1, 2020, and September 15, 2021. Of the 46 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 36 received steroid pulse therapy (Group P) and 10 received steroids without pulse therapy (Group NP). Subgroup analyses in Group P by methylprednisolone dose of 1000 or 500 mg for 3 days during intensive care unit stay were carried out. The primary and secondary outcomes were 28‐day mortality and steroid‐associated complications, respectively.ResultsIn the Kaplan–Meier curve analysis, there was no difference in the 28‐day survival between P and NP groups (log–rank P = 0.046). Univariate Cox proportional hazard model also showed that Group P had a decreased 28‐day mortality (hazard ratio 0.30; [95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.44]; P < 0.01). After adjusting for covariates (age, sex, remdesivir, baricitinib, and favipiravir), using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, Group P had improved 28‐day mortality (0.50 [0.30–0.85], P = 0.01).ConclusionSteroid pulse therapy might improve the 28‐day and in‐hospital mortality in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia.
Identifying key factors for coral survival in reef restoration projects using deep learning
Authors: Morand Gaétan , Dixon Simon , Le Berre Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Coral restoration has emerged globally as a form of life support for coral reefs, awaiting urgent mitigation of anthropogenic pressures. Yet its efficiency is difficult to assess, as sizeable transplantation programmes handle hundreds of thousands of fragments, with survival rates inherently time intensive to monitor. Owing to limited available data, the influence of most environmental and methodological factors is still unknown.
To address this issue, machine learning and computer vision were used to track individual colonies' survival, in a world first. Fragments from several species of Acropora and Pocillopora were transplanted over 12 sites across two Maldivian atolls. These colonies grew on coral frames, placed between 1 and 30 m deep. Analysis of monitoring pictures provided health and growth data on 77,574 individual coral colonies to inform the influence of genus, depth, initial fragment size, and substrate on their survival.
Among 77,574 fragments, individual survival rate was 31% after 2 years (21% after 4 years), which is much lower than most reported results. Deeper placement was an important success factor for Acropora transplants, but not for Pocillopora. In both genera, smaller initial fragment size was key to increased survival rates. Pocillopora fragments survived better than Acropora fragments at shallow depths (≤7 m), regardless of initial fragment size. Deeper, both genera had similar survival rates, which were influenced by initial fragment size and depth with comparable importance. During the mid‐2019 heat wave, previously transplanted Acropora fragments were 38% more likely to die than Pocillopora fragments.
Overall, the total volume of live coral steadily increased over time, by more than 3.7 × 106 cm3 per year, as the volume increase in surviving fragments more than compensated for the volume loss due to mortality. This finding supports the use of targeted coral restoration to accelerate reef recovery after mass bleaching events.
Field estimates of crayfish mortality associated with passive integrated transponder tagging
Authors: Hamilton Gregor L. , Cooper Taylor L. , Turner Thomas F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Mark–recapture studies of crayfish using internally implanted passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags is a promising method for understanding details of crayfish ecology. The size of crayfish that can be marked is dependent on the size of the PIT tag. Several studies have examined mortality rates associated with the insertion of the smallest currently available PIT tags (Biomark MiniHPT8, 8.4 × 1.4 mm) using different insertion locations and husbandry conditions.
Here, carapace length‐ and sex‐dependent mortality rates were evaluated for three ventral PIT tag insertion locations (central, pleopod and lateral) in a field experiment focusing on the northern crayfish (Faxonius virilis) in the Gila River Basin where it was introduced several decades ago.
The central insertion method was the only treatment group that did not exceed background mortality in two trials for all individuals combined. When evaluated by sex, no insertion method exceeded control mortality in males, and only the lateral insertion method exceeded control mortality in females. The relationship between carapace length and mortality was different depending on the PIT tag insertion location and sex.
Regardless of sex or size, F. virilis responded with lower mortality rates when the PIT tag was inserted using the central insertion method, and this method is preferred for tagging F. virilis of ≥20 mm carapace length.
Crayfish are large‐bodied macroinvertebrate omnivores with important roles in freshwater ecosystems. This article identifies best practices for internal PIT tag placement, provides estimates of mortality associated with tagging, and thereby advances ecological research focused on the conservation of imperilled or sensitive crayfishes. It also provides useful guidance for studies of non‐native crayfish in communities where they have become invasive.
Preparation of PEI‐modified nanoparticles by dopamine self‐polymerization for efficient DNA delivery
Authors: Liu Liang , Yang Zhaojun , Liu Chaobing , Wang Mengying , Chen Xin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAchieving efficient and safe gene delivery is of great significance to promote the development of gene therapy. In this work, a polydopamine (PDA) layer was coated on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) by dopamine (DA) self‐polymerization, and then magnetic Fe3O4 NPs were prepared by the Michael addition between amino groups in polyethyleneimine (PEI) and PDA. The prepared Fe3O4 NPs (named Fe3O4@PDA@PEI) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As an efficient and safe gene carrier, the potential of Fe3O4@PDA@PEI was evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The results show that the Fe3O4@PDA@PEI NPs are stable hydrophilic NPs with a particle size of 50–150 nm. It can efficiently condense DNA at low N/P ratios and protect it from nuclease degradation. In addition, the Fe3O4@PDA@PEI NPs have higher safety than PEI. Further, the Fe3O4@PDA@PEI/DNA polyplexes could be effectively absorbed by cells and successfully transfected and exhibit higher cellular uptake and gene transfection efficiency than PEI/DNA polyplexes. The findings indicate that the Fe3O4@PDA@PEI NPs have the potential to be developed into a novel gene vector.
Neue Forschungsergebnisse zu Nass‐in‐Nass geklebten Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken
Authors: Arendt Stephan , Sutter Melf , Breidenbach Marie , Schlag Robert , Schmid Volker 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHolz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken (HBV‐Decken) kombinieren die positiven mechanischen Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe Holz und Beton und setzen diese in einem Gesamtbauteil strukturoptimiert ein. Eine gut geplante und ausgeführte HBV‐Decke verfügt über gute Schall‐ und Brandschutzeigenschaften sowie eine geringe Schwingungsneigung. Sichtbares Holz auf der Deckenunterseite wird von Bauherren und Architekten vielfach geschätzt. Der größte Vorteil von HBV‐Decken gegenüber klassischen Stahlbetondecken ist die Reduktion des notwendigen Betonvolumens. Entsprechend geringer ist der CO2‐Ausstoß. Die gleichzeitige Reduktion des Deckeneigengewichts wirkt sich zudem positiv auf die Gründung aus. Die aktuellen Verbindungstechnologien für HBV‐Decken sind vergleichsweise aufwendig und ermöglichen meist nur einen nachgiebigen Verbund von Holz und Beton. In diesem Aufsatz werden neue Forschungsergebnisse zur Herstellung einer HBV‐Decke mittels Nass‐in‐Nass‐Klebung vorgestellt. Basierend auf Schubversuchen an Slip‐Block‐Proben werden wesentliche mechanische Eigenschaften der Klebung und Randbedingungen für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung vorgestellt. Im Anschluss werden Bauteilversuche an geklebten HBV‐Deckenelementen mit bis zu 8 m Spannweite präsentiert. Im letzten Abschnitt dieses Beitrags werden die Herausforderungen starr verbundener HBV‐Decken aus Betonschwinden und klimatischen Einwirkungen diskutiert.
Strategies on improvement of pigment formation and reduction of citrinin in Monascus fermentation
Authors: Mou Lu , Pan Runze , Jiang Wankui , Zhang Wenming , Xin Fengxue , Jiang Yujia , Jiang Min 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonasucs pigments, as natural food colorants, have worldwide popularity owing to their antibacterial ability and superior coloring characteristics, as well as various applications in food, medicine, cosmetics and several other fields. Therefore, there is a considerable demand of pigments and various approaches have been conducted to improve pigment production. However, citrinin, which causes great harm to human health, is undesirably generated during the fermentation. Thus, great efforts have been made to increase pigment production and decrease citrinin formation by culture media and condition optimization, mutation breeding or genetic engineering. For the purpose of giving insight for further research, this article makes a summary of existing study advances in Monasucs pigment production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single cell RNA‐sequencing: A powerful yet still challenging technology to study cellular heterogeneity
Authors: Ke May , Elshenawy Badran , Sheldon Helen , Arora Anjali , Buffa Francesca M 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlmost all biomedical research to date has relied upon mean measurements from cell populations, however it is well established that what it is observed at this macroscopic level can be the result of many interactions of several different single cells. Thus, the observable macroscopic ‘average’ cannot outright be used as representative of the ‘average cell’. Rather, it is the resulting emerging behaviour of the actions and interactions of many different cells. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) enables the comparison of the transcriptomes of individual cells. This provides high‐resolution maps of the dynamic cellular programmes allowing us to answer fundamental biological questions on their function and evolution. It also allows to address medical questions such as the role of rare cell populations contributing to disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, it provides an understanding of context‐specific dependencies, namely the behaviour and function that a cell has in a specific context, which can be crucial to understand some complex diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of scRNA‐Seq, including a comparative review of emerging technologies and computational pipelines. We discuss the current and emerging applications and focus on tumour heterogeneity a clear example of how scRNA‐Seq can provide new understanding of a complex disease. Additionally, we review the limitations and highlight the need of powerful computational pipelines and reproducible protocols for the broader acceptance of this technique in basic and clinical research.
Structural characterization and bioimaging of Zn2+ using meta‐benziporphodimethene analogue
Authors: Rana Shikha , Sharma Ravi Kumar , Fridman Natalia , Kumar Anil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract‘Prevention is better than cure, especially when something has no cure.’ Cancer, in most patients is detected at the stage beyond which it becomes noncurative. Therefore, the early detection of cancer cells can play a crucial role in enhancing the chances of a patient's survival. In this light, we present a nonfluorescent receptor used for the detection of Zn2+ ion in MDA‐MB‐231 carcinoma cells that exhibits fluorescence turn‐on behaviour upon binding with the metal ion. In this work, the synthesis of 11,16‐bis(2,6‐difluorobenzene)‐6,6,21,21‐tetramethyl‐meta‐benziporpho‐6,21‐dimethene and its Zn2+ chloride complex have been reported. The compounds were fully characterized using UV–visible, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the X‐ray polymorphs of a meta‐benziporphodimethene analogue were added. The study of its bioimaging applications in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells for the detection of Zn2+ ions is reported.
Awareness of Universal Design for Learning among anatomy educators in higher level institutions in the Republic of Ireland and United Kingdom
Authors: Dempsey Audrey M. K. , Hunt Eithne , Lone Mutahira , Nolan Yvonne M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is an increasing need to facilitate enhanced student engagement in anatomy education. Higher education students differ in academic preferences and abilities and so, not all teaching strategies suit all students. Therefore, it is suggested that curricula design and delivery adapt to sustain learner engagement. Enhanced learner engagement is a fundamental feature of Universal Design for Learning (UDL). The aim of this study is to determine if anatomy educators in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and United Kingdom (UK) are aware of UDL and to assess if, and to what extent, it has been implemented in the design and delivery of anatomy curricula for healthcare students. An anonymous online questionnaire was administered to anatomy educators in higher level institutions in the ROI and UK. Inductive content analysis was used to identify the impact of UDL on student learning, engagement, and motivation, as perceived by the participants. The response rate was 23% (n = 61). Nineteen participants stated they knew of UDL. Of these, 15 had utilized UDL in their teaching of anatomy. Analysis indicated that the perception of UDL was mixed. However, the majority of responses relating to UDL were positive. The majority of the respondents were unaware of UDL but identified the frameworks' checkpoints within their curriculum, suggesting they have unknowingly incorporated elements of UDL in their curriculum design and delivery. There is a lack of information on the benefits of explicit utilization of UDL for engagement and motivation to learn anatomy in healthcare programs in the ROI and UK.
Fontaine progeroid syndrome—A case report
Authors: Lally Sinéad , Walsh Nicola , Kenny Janna , Franklin Orla , Cotter Melanie , Richardson Sarah , McEligott Fiona , Finan Alan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFontaine progeroid syndrome (FPS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC25A24 gene. Eleven cases have been described in the literature, with early lethality in some. We discuss the clinical course of a patient from birth until his death at 7 months.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Thermal Conductivity of Erbium Oxide/Ethylene Glycol Nanofluids for Thermal Energy Applications
Authors: Alsboul Monther , Ghazali Mohd Sabri Mohd , Gomaa Mohamed R. , Albani Aliashim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of Er2O3/ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluids was investigated at different concentrations of Er2O3 nanoparticles in the temperature range of 20–50 °C. The findings showed that the volume fraction of Er2O3 nanoparticles and temperature affect the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity increases with increasing Er2O3 concentration and temperature, and the Er2O3/EG nanofluid showed higher thermal conductivity than the base fluid. Precise correlations are proposed to forecast the thermal conductivity of the Er2O3/EG nanofluid relative to the base fluid. These results are promising for using Er2O3/EG nanofluid in solar thermal applications.
Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Asymmetric Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptor by Expanding Pyrrole to Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole†
Authors: Wang Zemin , Cai Guilong , Xue Peiyao , Liu Zesheng , Jia Boyu , Li Nan , Wang Jiayu , Lu Xinhui , Lin Yuze , Wang Guojie , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryWe propose a strategy to improve performance of unidirectionally extended fused‐ring electron acceptors by using pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole to replace pyrrole ring, and design two asymmetric nonfullerene acceptors 1PIC and 2PIC. Replacing pyrrole in 1PIC with pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole remarkably red‐shifts absorption peak by 109 nm, elevates the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, and improves electron mobility. The photovoltaic devices based on blend of PM6 donor and 2PIC acceptor exhibit power conversion efficiency as high as 12.6%, which is much higher than that of PM6:1PIC (3.53%), due to more efficient exciton generation and dissociation, faster and more balanced carrier transport and less charge recombination.
Survival benefit of overweight patients undergoing MitraClip® procedure in comparison to normal‐weight patients
Authors: Keller Karsten , Geyer Martin , Hobohm Lukas , Tamm Alexander R. , Kreidel Felix , Ruf Tobias F. , Hell Michaela , Schmitt Volker H. , Bachmann Kevin , Born Sonja , Schulz Eberhard , Münzel Thomas , von Bardeleben Ralph S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe number of MitraClip® implantations increased significantly in recent years. Data regarding the impact of weight class on survival are sparse.HypothesisWe hypothesized that weight class influences survival of patients treated with MitraClip® implantation.MethodsWe investigated in‐hospital, 1‐year, 3‐year, and long‐term survival of patients successfully treated with isolated MitraClip® implantation for mitral valve regurgitation (MR) (June 2010–March 2018). Patients were categorized by weight classes, and the impact of weight classes on survival was analyzed.ResultsOf 617 patients (aged 79.2 years; 47.3% females) treated with MitraClip® implantation (June 2010–March 2018), 12 patients were underweight (2.2%), 220 normal weight (40.1%), 237 overweight (43.2%), and 64 obesity class I (11.7%), 12 class II (2.2%), and 4 class III (0.7%). Preprocedural Logistic EuroScore (21.1 points [IQR 14.0–37.1]; 26.0 [18.5–38.5]; 26.0 [18.4–39.9]; 24.8 [16.8–33.8]; 33.0 [25.9–49.2]; 31.6 [13.1–47.6]; p = .291) was comparable between groups. Weight class had no impact on in‐hospital death (0.0%; 4.1%; 1.5%; 0.0%; 7.7%; 0.0%; p = .189), 1‐year survival (75.0%; 72.0%; 76.9%; 75.0%; 75.0%; 33.3%; p = .542), and 3‐year survival (40.0%; 36.8%; 38.2%; 48.6%; 20.0%; 33.3%; p = .661). Compared to normal weight, underweight (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.35 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–2.79], p = .419), obesity‐class I (HR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.65–1.34], p = .705), class II (HR: 0.39 [95% CI: 0.12–1.24], p = .112), and class III (HR: 1.28 [95% CI: 0.32–5.21], p = .726) did not affect long‐term survival. In contrast, overweight was associated with better survival (HR: 1.32 [95% CI: 1.04–1.68], p = .023).ConclusionOverweight affected the long‐term survival of patients undergoing MitraClip® implantation beneficially compared to normal weight.