bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of maternal exposure to dinotefuran in the F1‐generation mice
Authors: Tanaka Toyohito , Tada Yukie , Suzuki Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies were found on the neurobehavioral toxicity of dinotefuran in mammals. This study was designed to evaluate the reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of maternal exposure to dinotefuran in mice.MethodsDinotefuran was given in the diet at levels of 0% (control), 0.012% (18.2–50.6 mg/kg body weight [bw]/day), 0.03% (44.2–125.8 mg/kg bw/day), and 0.075% (111.3–311.0 mg/kg bw/day) in females (10/group) during the gestation (gestation day 1–5 to 15–19) and lactation periods (lactation day 0 to 24–28). Selected reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were measured in the F1 generation.ResultsLitter size and litter weight significantly increased in the high‐dose group. The average body weight of male and female offspring increased in treatment groups at postnatal day (PND) 21. In female offspring, surface righting on PND 4 was delayed in higher‐dose groups. Cliff avoidance on PND 7 was delayed in a dose‐related trend. The route of olfactory orientation on PND 14 was delayed in the high‐dose group. For exploratory behavior of the F1 generation, the frequencies of mice with urination increased in a dose‐related trend in male offspring. In female offspring, the related variables of rearing increased in dose‐related manners. The average rearing time lengthened and the number of defecations increased in the high‐dose group in adult males. In adult females, the rearing time shortened in the high‐dose group. Several variables differed in the high‐dose group for spontaneous behavior in adult females.ConclusionsThe dose levels of dinotefuran produced several adverse effects on neurobehavioral parameters in mice.
The glow of the night: The tapetum lucidum as a co‐adaptation for the inverted retina
Authors: Vee Samantha , Barclay Gerald , Lents Nathan H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe vertebrate retina is said to be inverted because the photoreceptors are oriented in the posterior direction and are thus unable to maximize photodetection under conditions of low illumination. The tapetum lucidum is a photoreflective structure located posterior to the photoreceptors in the eyes of some fish and terrestrial animals. The tapetum reflects light forward, giving incident photons a “second chance” to collide with a photoreceptor, substantially enhancing retinal photosensitivity in dim light. Across vertebrates (and arthropods), there are a wide variety of tapeta that vary in structure, chemical composition, and even tissue architecture, indicating repeated convergent evolution. To date, the tapetum has not been observed in any cephalopod, however, which also possess a camera‐like eye, but with the retinal photoreceptors oriented in the anterior direction. We therefore hypothesize that the tapetum lucidum is a compensatory adaptation for the suboptimal design of the inverted retina of vertebrates.
Causality in transcription and genome folding: Insights from X inactivation
Authors: Bauer Moritz , Payer Bernhard , Filion Guillaume J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe spatial organization of genomes is becoming increasingly understood. In mammals, where it is most investigated, this organization ties in with transcription, so an important research objective is to understand whether gene activity is a cause or a consequence of genome folding in space. In this regard, the phenomena of X‐chromosome inactivation and reactivation open a unique window of investigation because of the singularities of the inactive X chromosome. Here we focus on the cause–consequence nexus between genome conformation and transcription and explain how recent results about the structural changes associated with inactivation and reactivation of the X chromosome shed light on this problem.
Inclusion of COVID‐19 as a topic in an undergraduate biotechnology course
Authors: Balinado Lloyd O. , Dapula Karl John C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe novelty of the COVID‐19 disease has paved the way to numerous scientific studies that aim to further understand its biology, and to different strategies that disseminate this information to promote public awareness. One of the strategies that the academe can employ is the inclusion of COVID‐19 as a topic in a basic biotechnology course. This not just helps students better understand this disease, but it also makes them an effective medium in the dissemination of relevant COVID‐19 knowledge.
Adherence to Guideline‐Recommended cancer screening among Utah cancer survivors
Authors: Millar Morgan M. , Edwards Sandra L. , Herget Kimberly A. , Orleans Brian , Ofori‐Atta Blessing S. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Carter Marjorie E. , Nagata Marie , Sweeney Carol 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to cancer screening is important for cancer survivors because they are at high risk of subsequent cancer diagnoses or recurrence. We assessed adherence to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer‐(CRC)‐screening guidelines and evaluated demographic disparities among a population‐based sample of survivors.MethodsA representative sample of Utah survivors diagnosed from 2012–2018 with any reportable invasive cancer was selected from central cancer registry records for a survey about survivorship needs. We estimated the proportion of eligible survivors adhering to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force screening guidelines and calculated risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Analyses were age‐adjusted and weighted to account for sample design and nonresponse.ResultsAnd 1421 survivors completed the survey (57.2% response rate). Screening adherence was 74.4% for breast, 69.4% for cervical, and 79.7% for CRC. Rural residents were more likely to adhere to breast cancer screening than urban residents (86.1% vs. 72.7%; adjusted RR = 1.19, CI = 1.05, 1.36). Higher educational attainment was associated with increased adherence to cervical and colorectal cancer screening. Younger age was associated with greater adherence to cervical cancer screening (p = 0.006) but lower adherence to CRC screening (p = 0.003). CRC screening adherence was lower among the uninsured and those without a primary care provider (45.6%) compared to those with a regular provider (83.0%; adjusted RR = 0.57, CI = 0.42, 0.79).ConclusionsSurveys based on samples from central cancer registries can provide population estimates to inform cancer control. Findings demonstrate work is needed to ensure all Utah cancer survivors obtain recommended cancer screenings. Efforts should focus particularly on increasing uptake of breast and cervical cancer screening and reducing demographic disparities in CRC screening.PrecisDespite high risk for subsequent cancer diagnosis, Utah cancer survivors are not all obtaining recommended breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screenings. This presents a significant healthcare gap.
Quantifying Diffusion‐limited Catalytic Reactions in Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials by Combining Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations with the Two‐region Model of Diffusion
Authors: Hwang Seungtaik , Schneider Daniel , Haase Jürgen , Miersemann Erich , Kärger Jörg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of hierarchically organized nanoporous materials has proven to be well suited for counteracting transport hindrance in micropores and the resulting reduction in their technological performance. As a typical example, we consider materials with the structure of mesoporous zeolites, where a microporous continuum is traversed by a network of mesopores. Mass transfer in such material has recently been shown to be effectively quantitated by application of the two‐region approach of diffusion (the “Kärger model”). It operates with the diffusivities in the two pore spaces, their relative occupations and the mutual exchange rates as the only free parameters. In the present paper, the validity of this approach for the combined consideration of mass transfer and catalytic conversion in such materials will be confirmed by comparison with the outcome of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.
A global online study of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Panegyres Peter K. , Russell Jodi , Chen Huei‐Yang , Panegyres Mariella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to understand the uptake of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in neuroimmunological disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodAn independent University affiliated research organization conducted a global online survey of people having had HSCT, examining demographics, treatment protocol, and effectiveness.ResultsOf 271 participants, useful data were available in 223; women aged 35–54 accounted for 73.5%. Most had a household income greater than US$50,000, and the majority of participants were from Australia and the United States. Nearly 94.6% of people suffer from MS. Most had their treatment in Russia (38.7%) and 78.1% had nonmyeloablative transplants. Nearly half of the participants spent between US$50,000 to US$74,999. There were 54.5% of neurologists who did not support their patients having HSCT. Around 85.5% of participants believed HSCT helped them manage their disease from weeks to years after transplantation, and treatment was recommended by 9.5% of participants. The average reduction in Expanded Disability Status Score after transplantation was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.97–1.41; N = 197; p < 0.01; t: 10.7, df: 196).ConclusionParticipants were supportive of HSCT despite the costs and would recommend it to others. The data suggest some benefit in minimizing disability in MS and provides justification for large randomized controlled trials.
Lattice Strain Enhances the Activity of Ir−IrO2/C for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhu Wenxiang , Ma Mengjie , Fan Zhenglong , Yang Junjun , Liao Fan , Shao Mingwang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLattice strain plays a critical role in regulating the electronic structure and improving the performance of catalysts. Here, Ir−IrO2/C catalysts with different iridium content are obtained by annealing Ir/C in air. The growth of IrO2 on Ir nanoparticles can form a core–shell structure and introduces strain at their interface. The local compressive strain on Ir nanoparticles is 7.2 % in the optimal Ir−IrO2/C sample with Ir content of 14.3 % (Ir−IrO2/C‐3), which regulates the adsorption energy of intermediates and improves the catalytical performance of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The overpotential of Ir−IrO2/C‐3 at 10 mA ⋅ cm−2 is 264 mV in acidic electrolyte, 35 mV lower than that of Ir−IrO2/C with no lattice strain. Ir−IrO2/C‐3 also exhibits the highest mass activity of 1304 A ⋅ gIr−1 at 1.55 V vs. RHE, which is higher than those of commercial catalysts. Furthermore, the activity of Ir−IrO2/C‐3 can maintain 42 h with the potential increase of only 18 mV at 10 mA ⋅ cm−2, proving that the lattice strain can also effectively improve the electrochemical stability.
Fabrication of Nb2O5/Carbon Submicrostructures for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Yuan Jujun , He Haishan , Li Xiaofan , Gan Yunfei , Mu Meiqi , Yu Huajun , Kuang F. , Li Xiaokang , Zhang Xianke , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNb2O5 possesses superior fast Li+ storage capability for LIB anodes, benefiting from its fast pseudocapacitive behavior and low volumetric change within the cycling processes. However, the poor electric conductivity for Nb2O5 restricts its reaction kinetics and rate property. Herein, Nb2O5/carbon (C) submicrostructures are fabricated by solvothermal method followed by calcination process. The Nb2O5/C submicrostructures exhibit outstanding rate behavior and cyclic performance (332 (194) mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 (5) A g−1). The superior electrochemical property is attributed to the distinctive structure for Nb2O5/C submicrostructures, in which Nb2O5 nanoparticles uniformly distributed within Nb2O5/C composite can protect Nb2O5 nanoparticles from agglomeration, and the porous carbon matrix can enhance electron/ion conductivity. This work furnishes a novel strategy for fabricating Nb2O5/C submicrostructures with superior Li+ storage performance, which can be potentially used to design other metal oxide/C submicrostructures for second battery anode.
Divide and conquer for accelerated failure time model with massive time‐to‐event data
Authors: Su Wen , Yin Guosheng , Zhang Jing , Zhao Xingqiu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBig data present new theoretical and computational challenges as well as tremendous opportunities in many fields. In health care research, we develop a novel divide‐and‐conquer (DAC) approach to deal with massive and right‐censored data under the accelerated failure time model, where the sample size is extraordinarily large and the dimension of predictors is large but smaller than the sample size. Specifically, we construct a penalized loss function by approximating the weighted least squares loss function by combining estimation results without penalization from all subsets. The resulting adaptive LASSO penalized DAC estimator enjoys the oracle property. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed DAC procedure performs well and also reduces the computation time with satisfactory performance compared with estimation results using the full data. Our proposed DAC approach is applied to a massive dataset from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.
Genomic and biological aspects of resistance to selective poly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase inhibitor PDD00017273 in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tsuda Kaede , Kurasaka Chinatsu , Ogino Yoko , Sato Akira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPoly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is a key enzyme in poly(ADP‐ribose) (PAR) metabolism and a potential anticancer target. Many drug candidates have been developed to inhibit its enzymatic activity. Additionally, PDD00017273 is an effective and selective inhibitor of PARG at the first cellular level.AimsUsing human colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT116 cells, we investigated the molecular mechanisms and tumor biological aspects of the resistance to PDD00017273.Methods and resultsHCT116RPDD, a variant of the human CRC cell line HCT116, exhibits resistance to the PARG inhibitor PDD00017273. HCT116RPDD cells contained specific mutations of PARG and PARP1, namely, PARG mutation Glu352Gln and PARP1 mutation Lys134Asn, as revealed by exome sequencing. Notably, the levels of PARG protein were comparable between HCT116RPDD and HCT116. In contrast, the PARP1 protein levels in HCT116RPDD were significantly lower than those in HCT116. Consequently, the levels of intracellular poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation were elevated in HCT116RPDD compared to HCT116. Interestingly, HCT116RPDD cells did not exhibit cross‐resistance to COH34, an additional PARG inhibitor.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the mutated PARG acquires PDD00017273 resistance due to structural modifications. In addition, our findings indicate that PDD00017273 resistance induces mutation and PARP downregulation. These discoveries collectively provide a better understanding of the anticancer candidate PARG inhibitors in terms of resistance mechanisms and anticancer strategies.
Optimization assisted convolutional neural network for detection of thyroid
Authors: T Suresh , Z Brijet 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis research work endeavor to suggest a new thyroid detection system that involves three main processes like segmentation, feature extraction, and detection. Initially, for the segmentation process, an improved watershed algorithm is proposed. Besides, from the segmented image, it extracted the texture features that comprises local binary patterns, modified GLCM feature, local tetra pattern features, together with the statistical features. Primarily, the extracted features are given as an input to convolutional neural network (CNN) for the final detection result. For making the detection more accurate, the training of deep CNN is performed via a new deer encircling included gray wolf optimization model for optimal weights tuning. The adopted hybrid algorithm combines gray wolf optimization and deer hunting optimization algorithm. At last, the outcomes of the adopted scheme is validated with the extant approaches under various metrics.
Predictive value of the feeling of emptiness in suicidal behaviour of emotionally unstable disorders
Authors: López‐Villatoro Jose Manuel , Shimano Rita , Prittwitz Clara , De la Torre Alejandro , Diaz‐Marsá Marina , Carrasco José Luis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the feeling of emptiness in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and patients with eating disorder (ED) and its relationship with suicidal behaviour and childhood traumatic events.MethodologyOne hundred three BPD patients and 107 ED patients were assessed with the Feeling of Emptiness Scale (FES) and the Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire (TQ). Suicidal behaviour was assessed with a specific interview for frequency and intensity of suicidal behaviour.ResultsSignificant differences were found between the different factors of the FES between BPD patients and ED patients. A significant relationship was observed between Factors 1 and 4 of the FES and suicidal behaviour scores in both groups. Traumatic experiences were more strongly related to Factors 1, 2 and 4 in BPD patients.ConclusionsBPD patients and ED patients show similar scores in the global construct of feeling of emptiness. However, results suggest some qualitatively difference between the nature of feeling of emptiness in BPD and in ED. As expected, suicidal behaviour is most frequently in BPD patients, and is significantly associated with Factors 1 and 4 of the FES in both groups. Therefore, feeling of emptiness could be a predictor of suicidal behaviours in patients with emotional and behavioural instability.
Hardware implementation of a strong pseudorandom number generator based block‐cipher system for color image encryption and decryption
Authors: Gafsi Mohamed , Amdouni Rim , Hajjaji Mohamed Ali , Mtibaa Abdellatif , Bourennane El‐Bey 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis paper proposed a hardware architecture of a strong block‐cipher system dedicated to digital image encryption and decryption. On the one hand, a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) based on two 3D chaotic systems is created to produce strong keys. On the other hand, a robust algorithm is proposed to ensure high‐level security and low computational complexity of image encryption. The algorithm performs image encryption mainly through three processes: pixel values hiding by applying the XOR operation with a key, pixel positions hiding by operating random permutation, and pixel substitution using the S‐box method. To increase the complexity, R rounds of encryption could be accomplished in a loop. Then as a final step, using the Xilinx Vivado/system generator tool, the hardware cryptosystem is developed, implemented, and evaluated on an FPGA‐Zynq evaluation board. According to the synthesis results, the suggested hardware system performs on a reduced FPGA area and gives a good frequency of 156.813 MHz with a high throughput of 20,072.064 Mbps. Several tools and tests utilizing various images are used to evaluate and analyze the hardware cryptosystem. The experimental results show that the hardware implementation has higher performance compared to other recent works.
Differentiating single cervical cells by mitochondrial fluorescence imaging and deep learning‐based label‐free light scattering with multi‐modal static cytometry
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Chu Ran , Xie Jinmei , Song Kun , Su Xuantao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCervical cancer is a high‐risk disease that threatens women's health globally. In this study, we developed the multi‐modal static cytometry that adopted different features to classify the typical human cervical epithelial cells (H8) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa). With the light‐sheet static cytometry, we obtain brightfield (BF) images, fluorescence (FL) images and two‐dimensional (2D) light scattering (LS) patterns of single cervical cells. Three feature extraction methods are used to extract multi‐modal features based on different data characteristics. Analysis and classification of morphological and textural features demonstrate the potential of intracellular mitochondria in cervical cancer cell classification. The deep learning method is used to automatically extract deep features of label‐free LS patterns, and an accuracy of 76.16% for the classification of the above two kinds of cervical cells is obtained, which is higher than the other two single modes (BF and FL). Our multi‐modal static cytometry uses a variety of feature extraction and analysis methods to provide the mitochondria as promising internal biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis, and to show the promise of label‐free, automatic classification of early cervical cancer with deep learning‐based 2D light scattering.
On monocytes and lymphocytes biolens clustering by in flow holographic microscopy
Authors: Běhal Jaromír , Pirone Daniele , Sirico Daniele , Bianco Vittorio , Mugnano Martina , del Giudice Danila , Cavina Beatrice , Kurelac Ivana , Memmolo Pasquale , Miccio Lisa , Ferraro Pietro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLive cells act as biological lenses and can be employed as real‐world optical components in bio‐hybrid systems. Imaging at nanoscale, optical tweezers, lithography and also photonic waveguiding are some of the already proven functionalities, boosted by the advantage that cells are fully biocompatible for intra‐body applications. So far, various cell types have been studied for this purpose, such as red blood cells, bacterial cells, stem cells and yeast cells. White Blood Cells (WBCs) play a very important role in the regulation of the human body activities and are usually monitored for assessing its health. WBCs can be considered bio‐lenses but, to the best of our knowledge, characterization of their optical properties have not been investigated yet. Here, we report for the first time an accurate study of two model classes of WBCs (i.e., monocytes and lymphocytes) by means of a digital holographic microscope coupled with a microfluidic system, assuming WBCs bio‐lens characteristics. Thus, quantitative phase maps for many WBCs have been retrieved in flow‐cytometry (FC) by achieving a significant statistical analysis to prove the enhancement in differentiation among sphere‐like bio‐lenses according to their sizes (i.e., diameter d) exploiting intensity parameters of the modulated light in proximity of the cell optical axis. We show that the measure of the low intensity area (S: ) in a fixed plane, is a feasible parameter for cell clustering, while achieving robustness against experimental misalignments and allowing to adjust the measurement sensitivity in post‐processing. 2D scatterplots of the identified parameters (d‐S) show better differentiation respect to the 1D case. The results show that the optical focusing properties of WBCs allow the clustering of the two populations by means of a mere morphological analysis, thus leading to the new concept of cell‐optical‐fingerprint avoiding fluorescent dyes. This perspective can open new routes in biomedical sciences, such as the chance to find optical‐biomarkers at single cell level for label‐free diagnosis.