bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HKDC1 upregulation promotes glycolysis and disease progression, and confers chemoresistance onto gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Mei‐Qian , Chen Yi‐Ru , Xu Hui‐Wen , Zhan Jia‐Rong , Suo Da‐Qin , Wang Ji‐Jin , Ma Yuan‐Zhen , Guan Xin‐Yuan , Li Yan , Zhu Sen‐Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that hexokinase is involved in cell proliferation and migration. However, the function of the hexokinase domain containing protein‐1 (HKDC1) in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Immunohistochemistry analysis and big data mining were used to evaluate the correlation between HKDC1 expression and clinical features in GC. In addition, the biological function and molecular mechanism of HKDC1 in GC were studied by in vitro and in vivo assays. Our study indicated that HKDC1 expression was upregulated in GC tissues compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. High expression of HKDC1 was associated with worse prognosis. Functional experiments demonstrated that HKDC1 upregulation promoted glycolysis, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. In addition, HKDC1 could enhance GC invasion and metastasis by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Abrogation of HKDC1 could effectively attenuate its oncogenic and metastatic function. Moreover, HKDC1 promoted GC proliferation and migration in vivo. HKDC1 overexpression conferred chemoresistance to cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu) onto GC cells. Furthermore, nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) inhibitor PS‐341 could attenuate tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance ability induced by HKDC1 overexpression in GC cells. Our results highlight a critical role of HKDC1 in promoting glycolysis, tumorigenesis, and EMT of GC cells via activating the NF‐κB pathway. In addition, HKDC1‐mediated drug resistance was associated with DNA damage repair, which further activated NF‐κB signaling. HKDC1 upregulation may be used as a potential indicator for choosing an effective chemotherapy regimen for GC patients undergoing chemotherapy.
circEZH2E2/E3 is a dual suppressor of miR363/miR708 to promote EZH2 expression and prostate cancer progression
Authors: Su Zhengzheng , Zhang Mengni , Luo Han , Zhong Jinjing , Tan Junya , Xu Yunyi , Pan Xiuyi , Zeng Hao , Nie Ling , Xu Miao , Chen Ni , Chen Xueqin , Zhou Qiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is overexpressed in a variety of malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa) and may play important roles in tumor progression. Gene copy number gains, enhanced transcription, and a few circRNAs have been reported to upregulate EZH2. It was not known whether EZH2 itself generates circRNAs that promote its own expression. We here report the identification of circEZH2E2/E3 that is derived from exons 2 and 3 of the EZH2 gene and overexpressed in PCa. We show that circEZH2E2/E3 functions as a dual inhibitor for both miR363 and miR708 that target the EZH2 3′UTR and CDS, respectively, resulting in the upregulation of EZH2 expression and hence the downregulation of EZH2‐repressed genes (e.g., CDH1 and DAB2IP), and enhancement of PCa cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and xenograft PCa growth. Overexpression of circEZH2E2/E3 is significantly correlated with higher tumor grade, tumor progression, and unfavorable progression‐free and disease‐specific survival in PCa patients. These findings show a novel autoenhancing EZH2–circEZH2E2/E3‐miR363/miR708–EZH2 regulatory loop, by which circEZH2E2/E3 plays important roles in PCa tumorigenesis and progression by upregulating EZH2, and may have potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic uses in PCa management.
Development and use of theory of mind in social and cultural context
Authors: Selcuk Bilge , Gonultas Secil , Ekerim‐Akbulut Muge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTheory of mind (ToM) is a key social‐cognitive skill that allows individuals to understand and attribute mental states to others; it facilitates relationships and helps individuals navigate the social world. Thus, it is likely influenced by social and cultural contexts. In this article, we review studies that examine the potential ways through which sociocultural context interacts with the development and use of ToM in Western and non‐Western societies. First, we summarize findings documenting the link between culture and timing of ToM acquisition. Second, we examine cross‐cultural studies on how culture can be related to the sequential development of different dimensions of ToM. Third, we discuss when and how cultural group membership of the targets influences the use of ToM. Finally, we suggest avenues for research so the field can understand more comprehensively the dynamic interactions between sociocultural context and the development and use of ToM.
Soil disturbance impacts on ant‐diaspore multilayer networks in a tropical savanna
Authors: Coelho Paula Grandi L. , Antonini Yasmine , da Costa Fernanda Vieira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract1. Current anthropogenic disturbances have changed natural environments, broadly impacting ecosystem services and functions. Here, the authors focused on the secondary dispersal of diaspores by ants, which serve an important ecological function in the natural regeneration of degraded habitats.2. The authors experimentally studied the effects of vegetation suppression and soil disturbance on (i) diaspore removal, (ii) the quality of secondary removal, and (iii) the structure of interaction networks between ants and diaspores. The authors tested whether the disturbance affected the species richness of seed removers, diaspore removal rate, removal distance and time, and removal effectiveness. Additionally, the authors tested whether the structure of ant‐diaspore networks, that is, specialisation, modularity and robustness, is altered by soil disturbance. To do that, the authors studied three degraded and three preserved areas in the Brazilian Cerrado.3. The authors observed 25 ant species interacting with the diaspores. Disturbance did not affect ant species richness, removal distance or removal rate, but ants took twice as long to remove the diaspores in the preserved habitat. The frequency of interaction networks was higher in the preserved habitat, and the effectiveness of species in removing the diaspores differed between habitats. Surprisingly, the authors observed that ants considered effective dispersers mostly occurred in degraded habitats, highlighting the potential of myrmecochory in the regeneration of impacted environments.4. The findings point to the potential of ants in acting as secondary seed dispersal, improving the restoration of areas highly impacted by soil disturbance. Moreover, this study contributes to understanding the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on ecological interactions and ecosystem functions.
Effectiveness of endodontic complexity assessment tool (E‐CAT) on the undergraduate students in an endodontic training program and its predictive capability on complications
Authors: Hatipoğlu Fatma Pertek , Akıncı Levent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionDental students face a number of challenges when it comes to performing root canal treatments (RCTs). The Endodontic Complexity Assessment Tool (E‐CAT) was developed to assist dental practitioners in assessing the complexity of RCTs before beginning treatment.Materials and MethodsThe E‐CAT was filled out independently by both the educator and the student. To allow educators to record scores and complexity classes, they transferred their and students' forms to the website https://www.e‐cat.uk/. Students began endodontic treatment after learning about the complexity level of the case. The educators were responsible for recording any complications encountered in every case from the outset to 1 month after treatment.ResultsA total of 70 students, 33 in fourth and 37 in fifth‐grade, were included in the study. In the cases with higher E‐CAT scores, complications such as misdiagnosed, faulty access cavity, furca or coronal third perforation, insufficient root canal instrumentation, working length loss, canal blockage, overpreparation, incomplete root canal filling and overfilling were experienced significantly more often compared to the cases with lower E‐CAT scores (p < .05). The number of complications (r = .40, p < .001), treatment sessions (r = .44, p < .001), and teacher support (r = .24, p < .001) positively correlated with E‐CAT score (p < .05).ConclusionThe E‐CAT is an effective tool for assisting dental students in understanding technical challenges, such as complex root canal anatomy and possible complications during treatment. Educators can also use e‐CAT to pre‐select clinical cases and standardise student training by offering cases of equal complexity.
Clinical experience of undergraduate dental students in paediatric dentistry: A 5‐year cross‐sectional study
Authors: Leith Rona , Olegário Isabel Cristina , O'Connell Anne C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe clinical experience of undergraduate dental students in Paediatric Dentistry has a profound influence on their future confidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical experience of undergraduate students in Paediatric Dentistry over five consecutive years and to determine whether changes in teaching practices are reflected in the clinic.Materials and MethodsIn total, 196 records submitted at the end of the Paediatric Dentistry training from the last 5 years (2016–2020) were evaluated. The variables analysed included the number of patients treated per student, the year, and the numbers and types of procedures performed individually across the years. The data were grouped into two categories; pre and post implementation of an electronic portfolio and a change in teaching practices (2016–2017 and 2018–2020 respectively). Data were analysed using Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney for two group comparison, depending on data distribution (α = 5%).ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the number of radiographs exposed (p = .013) between the two groups. The number of fissure sealants had increased in recent years (p < .001). Although the number of stainless steel crowns performed remained unchanged (p = .98), there was an increase in the number of crowns placed using the Hall technique (p < .001) and a concurrent decrease in the number of conventional crowns placed (p < .001).ConclusionThe clinical experience of undergraduate students has changed in line with evolving teaching practices. The use of objective measures such as patient numbers and range of procedures can be used as a method of evaluating student clinical experience. Other assessment tools are still required to evaluate additional aspects of clinical learning in paediatric dentistry.
Increasing aridity causes larger and more severe forest fires across Europe
Authors: Grünig Marc , Seidl Rupert , Senf Cornelius 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArea burned has decreased across Europe in recent decades. This trend may, however, reverse under ongoing climate change, particularly in areas not limited by fuel availability (i.e. temperate and boreal forests). Investigating a novel remote sensing dataset of 64,448 fire events that occurred across Europe between 1986 and 2020, we find a power‐law relationship between maximum fire size and area burned, indicating that large fires contribute disproportionally to fire activity in Europe. We further show a robust positive correlation between summer vapor pressure deficit and both maximum fire size (R2 = .19) and maximum burn severity (R2 = .12). Europe's fire regimes are thus highly sensitive to changes in future climate, with the probability for extreme fires more than doubling by the end of the century. Our results suggest that climate change will challenge current fire management approaches and could undermine the ability of Europe's forests to provide ecosystem services to society.
TAIL FORECASTING WITH MULTIVARIATE BAYESIAN ADDITIVE REGRESSION TREES
Authors: Clark Todd E. , Huber Florian , Koop Gary , Marcellino Massimiliano , Pfarrhofer Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe develop multivariate time‐series models using Bayesian additive regression trees that posit nonlinearities among macroeconomic variables, their lags, and possibly their lagged errors. The error variances can be stable, feature stochastic volatility, or follow a nonparametric specification. We evaluate density and tail forecast performance for a set of U.S. macroeconomic and financial indicators. Our results suggest that the proposed models improve forecast accuracy both overall and in the tails. Another finding is that when allowing for nonlinearities in the conditional mean, heteroskedasticity becomes less important. A scenario analysis reveals nonlinear relations between predictive distributions and financial conditions.
Dynamic compressive response and fracture mechanisms of ZrB2–SiC ceramic based on discrete element method
Authors: Wang Mi , Chen Xiaobin , Xie Guoqing , Wang Lingling , Yu Zhaosheng , Wang Fengdong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo investigate the dynamic compression behaviors of fracturing and damage evolution of ZrB2–SiC ceramic, this paper proposes a discrete element method to carry out the dynamic compressive behavior of ZrB2–SiC ceramic. This study is based on three‐dimensional discrete element‐finite difference coupling modeling to realize the reproduction of the splitting Hopkinson pressure bar experiment process. Micro‐parameters of the linear parallel bond model are obtained by calibrating dynamic compression strengths, stress–strain curves, and fracture characteristics of ZrB2–SiC ceramic. The dynamic compressive stress–strain curve can be divided into four stages according to the microcrack evolution and acoustic emission: stage I, linear elastic stage; stage II, microcrack initiation and then stable development stage; stage III, increment stage of microcracks before peak strength; stage IV, increment stage of microcracks after peak strength. The dynamic damage evolution with strain shows a Weibull distribution. The shape and scale parameters change with strain rate. In addition, under the dynamic compression, crack initiation stress, fracture pattern, and fragment size distribution of the ZrB2–SiC ceramic composite exhibited a significant strain‐rate dependence.
An efficient combination immunotherapy for antitumor immunity without accelerating cardiac allograft rejection
Authors: Miao Xiaolong , Wu Zelai , Jiang Yuancong , Liu Han , Gong Weihua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including antibodies against programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) and its receptor programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1), represents a promising systematic treatment for advanced human malignancies. Transplantation remains the ultimate therapy for end‐stage organ diseases. However, the efficacy of ICI treatment in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients remains controversial. We established a transgenic primary liver cancer mouse model and performed allogeneic heterotopic heart transplantation. Different treatments were performed and survival curves were calculated. Graft samples were collected, and immune cells and the cell surface expression of PD‐L1 were analysed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum were measured by an inflammatory array. The specificity of the histochemical techniques was tested by staining sections. A combination immunotherapy comprising a BET protein inhibitor (JQ1) and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti‐PD‐L1 antibody) was administered to primary liver cancer model mice bearing cardiac allografts. Interestingly, the combination immunotherapy effectively suppressed the progression of primary liver cancer but did not accelerate allograft rejection. In accordance with our previous findings, BET protein inhibition enhances the expression of a putative membrane transporter (Rab8A), which upregulates the expression of PD‐L1 on the plasma membrane in a transgenic primary liver cancer mouse model. This may be a crucial mechanism of tumour progression arrest. Our data showed that heart transplantation upregulated the expression of the proinflammatory factor IFN‐γ and suggested that BET protein inhibition (with JQ1) decreased PD‐L1 expression in heart tissues after cardiac transplantation. This phenomenon was accompanied by enhanced infiltration of inflammatory IFN‐γ. Our study provides a novel and efficient therapeutic strategy for SOT recipients.
Analysis of defect mechanisms in nonstoichiometric ceria–zirconia by the microwave cavity perturbation method
Authors: Steiner Carsten , Hagen Gunter , Kogut Iurii , Fritze Holger , Moos Ralf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this microwave study, the defect chemistry of ceria–zirconia solid solutions (CZO, Ce1−yZryO2−δ) was investigated at high temperatures by a resonant microwave method. Specifically, the effects of temperature and Zr content on the dielectric properties and defect chemistry mechanisms in CZO were analyzed. Experiments were performed on a series of different CZO powders (y = 0.2, 0.33, 0.50, 0.67). Measurements at 600°C and different oxygen partial pressures (pO2 = 10−26–0.2 bar) confirm a dominant n‐type conduction of small‐polarons in CZO due to the preferred formation of oxygen vacancies, which is also supported by a multimodal analysis. Polarization losses were found to be negligible in the GHz range. Furthermore, an increased relative permittivity was observed in CZO, which correlates with the concentration of oxygen vacancies in CZO. Our microwave study is the first to provide a comprehensive data set for the dielectric properties of CZO powder sample in a wide range of different conditions. In addition, the connection of dielectric properties to CZO defect chemistry mechanisms is presented. The results are in good agreement with findings in the literature and may contribute to a better understanding of microwave‐based state diagnosis of CZO‐based materials, as it discussed for three‐way catalysts.
Superior ferroelectric properties and enhanced depolarization temperature simultaneously achieved in BNT‐based ceramics
Authors: Peng Ping , Li Kunyou , Nie Hengchang , Xiao Xueqing , Zheng Chan , Lin Yezhan , Wang Genshui , Dong Xianlin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐based ceramics with high remnant polarization Pr have shown outstanding potential in the application of high‐power ferroelectric transducers. However, low depolarization temperature Td is an obstacle for their application. Here, a composition design strategy was proposed to simultaneously improve the Td and Pr in BNT‐based materials. Ultrahigh Pr of 40.56 µC/cm2 and relative high Td of 184°C were synergistically achieved in (Bi0.5Na0.5)(Ti0.995Mn0.005)O3 (BNMT) ceramics by adding 1.0 mol% BiGaO3 (BG), which is superior to other reported lead‐free systems. The excellent ferroelectric properties were attributed to strengthen ferroelectric order as evidenced by increased rhombohedral distortion. Meanwhile, the enhanced depolarization temperature, increasing from 168°C for x = 0% to 184°C for x = 1.0%, can be ascribed to the suppression of the thermal‐induced ferroelectric‐relaxor phase transition by adding BG. Those results enable the BNMT‐BG systems ceramics to be an attractive candidate for application in high‐power supplies.
The effects of block‐based visual and text‐based programming training on students' achievement, logical thinking skills, and motivation
Authors: Saygıner Şenol , Tüzün Hakan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the effectiveness of block‐based environments continue to produce inconsistent results. A strong reason for this is that most studies compare environments that are not equivalent to each other or to the level of learners. Moreover, studies that present evidence of the effectiveness of block‐based environments by comparing equivalent environments are limited.ObjectivesThis study aims to scrutinize the effects of programming training to be held in equivalent environments (block‐based and text‐based) with university students who do not have prior programming knowledge and experience on achievement, logical thinking, and motivation.MethodsThe study was conducted by using an experimental pretest‐posttest control group design. The study was conducted with 60 students, the total consisting of 30 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group. In the experimental group, block‐based visual programming training with Scratch was conducted and the control group received text‐based programming training with Small Basic. The training was maintained for 10 weeks, for 4 h a week in each group. The programming achievement test, the logical thinking skills test, and the motivation scale were used to collect the data.Results and ConclusionsThe results showed that the use of a block‐based environment in programming training contributed positively to the development of students' logical thinking skills, and motivation for learning programming. In contrast, there was evidence that this training did not make a difference on programming success.ImplicationsThe findings of the study provided evidence of the effectiveness of block‐based training in comparisons made in equivalent environments. Focusing research on this issue may contribute to the improvement of the current understanding.
Kinetic modeling the survival of Escherichia coli in pickled radish fermentation with different salt concentrations
Authors: Wu Jiale , Yang Li , Wu Zhengyun , Zhang Wenxue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe survival of Escherichia coli in pickled radish fermentation with salt concentrations from 2% to 10% was studied kinetically. The results showed that mostly E. coli first underwent 1–2 days of growth, followed by a decline and finally died off after 4–5 days of fermentation. A kinetic model was developed to reveal how the growth and survival of E. coli were affected by acid content, pH value and salt concentration during the pickle fermentation. Model‐based simulations suggested that moderate salt concentration (4%–9%) resulted in shorter survival period of E. coli. Sensitivity analysis showed that the lowest pH value for E. coli growth played the most important role in determining the peak amount and the survival period of E. coli. This study provides a reference for risk assessment and safe production of pickles and other similar fermented vegetables.Practical ApplicationsThis study provides an appropriate salt concentration range for safer production of pickles. The model developed can be a reference for the kinetic analyses and risk assessments of pickle making and other similar fermentation processes.