bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Card-Based Cryptographic Protocols with Malicious Players Using Private Operations
Authors: Manabe Yoshifumi , Ono Hibiki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper shows new card-based cryptographic protocols using private operations that are secure against malicious players. Physical cards are used in card-based cryptographic protocols instead of computers. Operations that a player executes in a place where the other players cannot see are called private operations. Using several private operations, calculations of two variable Boolean functions and copy operations were realized with the minimum number of cards. Though private operations are very powerful in card-based cryptographic protocols, there is a problem that it is very hard to prevent malicious actions during private operations. Though most card-based protocols are discussed in the semi-honest model, there might be cases when the semi-honest model is not enough. Thus, this paper shows new protocols that are secure against malicious players. We show logical XOR, logical AND, n-variable Boolean function, and copy protocols. We can execute any logical computations with a combination of these protocols. We use envelopes as an additional tool that can be easily prepared and used by people.
Time to onset and duration of botulinum toxin efficacy in movement disorders
Authors: Ledda Claudia , Artusi Carlo Alberto , Tribolo Antonella , Rinaldi Domiziana , Imbalzano Gabriele , Lopiano Leonardo , Zibetti Maurizio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a valuable treatment in movement disorders; however, time to onset and duration of efficacy may widely differ among patients. We aimed to clarify the impact of main demographic and clinical features on time to onset and duration of BoNT efficacy.

Methods
We analyzed time-to-onset and duration of BoNT efficacy in 186 consecutive patients treated with BoNT for blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, facial hemispasm, oromandibular dystonia, limb dystonia, and sialorrhea due to Parkinsonism. The following factors were considered as potential efficacy predictors: doses and types of toxin, sex, age, years of treatment, and clinical condition. Kruskall–Wallis, Spearman correlation, and multivariate linear regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The average time to onset was 6.7 ± 5 days and duration of BONT efficacy 78.5 ± 28.4 days. Both time to onset and duration of efficacy were correlated with BoNT doses (p: 0.007 and p: 0.02). The multiple regression analysis showed that sex, age, years of BoNT treatment, doses, type of toxin, and clinical condition significantly predicted time to onset (F(11, 171) = 2.146, p: 0.020) with age being the strongest predictor (p: 0.004).
The same model explained 20.1% of the variance of duration of BoNT efficacy, showing a significant prediction of the outcome (F(11, 164) = 3.754, p < 0.001), with doses (p < 0.001), type of toxin (p: 0.017), and clinical condition (p < 0.001) being the strongest predictors.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that age, type of toxin, clinical condition and especially doses may account for the variability of BoNT efficacy in terms of time to onset and duration.
Resources and predation: drivers of sociality in a cyclic mesopredator
Authors: Erlandsson Rasmus , Hasselgren Malin , Norén Karin , Macdonald David , Angerbjörn Anders 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn socially flexible species, the tendency to live in groups is expected to vary through a trade-off between costs and benefits, determined by ecological conditions. The Resource Dispersion Hypothesis predicts that group size changes in response to patterns in resource availability. An additional dimension is described in Hersteinsson’s model positing that sociality is further affected by a cost–benefit trade-off related to predation pressure. In the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), group-living follows a regional trade-off in resources’ availability and intra-guild predation pressure. However, the effect of local fluctuations is poorly known, but offers an unusual opportunity to test predictions that differ between the two hypotheses in systems where prey availability is linked to intra-guild predation. Based on 17-year monitoring of arctic fox and cyclic rodent prey populations, we addressed the Resource Dispersion Hypothesis and discuss the results in relation to the impact of predation in Hersteinsson’s model. Group-living increased with prey density, from 7.7% (low density) to 28% (high density). However, it remained high (44%) despite a rodent crash and this could be explained by increased benefits from cooperative defence against prey switching by top predators. We conclude that both resource abundance and predation pressure are factors underpinning the formation of social groups in fluctuating ecosystems.
Reading order detection on handwritten documents
Authors: Quirós Lorenzo , Vidal Enrique 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent advances in Handwritten Text Recognition and Document Layout Analysis have made it possible to convert digital images of manuscripts into electronic text. However, providing this text with the correct structure and context is still an open problem that needs to be solved to actually enable extracting the relevant information conveyed by the text. The most important structure needed for a set of text elements is their reading order. Most of the studies on the reading order problem are rule-based approaches and focus on printed documents. Much less attention has been paid so far to handwritten text documents, where the problem becomes particularly important—and challenging. In this work, we propose a new approach to automatically determine the reading order of text regions and lines in handwritten text documents. The task is approached as a sorting problem where the order-relation operator is automatically learned from examples. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on three different datasets at different hierarchical levels.
On a game of chance in Marc Elsberg’s thriller “GREED”
Authors: Göll Tamara , Hug Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA (possibly illegal) game of chance, which is described in Chap. 14 of Marc Elsberg’s thriller “GREED”, seems to offer an excellent chance of winning. However, as the gambling starts and evolves over several rounds, the actual experience of the vast majority of the gamblers in a pub is strikingly different. We provide an analysis of this specific game and several of its variants by elementary tools of probability. Thus we also encounter an interesting threshold phenomenon, which is related to the transition from a profit zone to a loss area. Our arguments are motivated and illustrated by numerical calculations with Python.
Intracranial pressure monitoring in posterior fossa lesions—systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Won Sae-Yeon , Dubinski Daniel , Hagemeier Jonas , Behmanesh Bedjan , Trnovec Svorad , Bernstock Joshua D. , Freiman Thomas M. , Gessler Florian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) with reduced cerebral perfusion pressure is a well-known cause of secondary brain injury. Previously, there have been some reports describing different supra- and infratentorial ICP measurements depending on the location of the mass effect. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the issue of optimal ICP monitoring in the infratentorial mass lesion. A literature search of electronic databases (PUBMED, EMBASE) was performed from January 1969 until February 2021 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Two assessors are independently screened for eligible studies reporting the use of simultaneous ICP monitoring in the supra- and infratentorial compartments. For quality assessment of those studies, the New Castle Ottawa Scale was used. The primary outcome was to evaluate the value of supra- and infratentorial ICP measurement, and the secondary outcome was to determine the time threshold until equalization of both values. Current evidence surrounding infratentorial ICP measurement was found to be low to very low quality according to New Castle Ottawa Scale. Eight studies were included in the systematic review, four of them containing human subjects encompassing 27 patients with infratentorial pathology. The pooled data demonstrated significantly higher infratentorial ICP values than supratentorial ICP values 12 h after onset (p < 0.05, 95% CI 3.82–5.38) up to 24 h after onset (p < 0.05; CI 1.14–3.98). After 48–72 h, both ICP measurements equilibrated showing no significant difference. Further, four studies containing 26 pigs and eight dogs showed a simultaneous increase of supra- and infratentorial ICP value according to the increase of supratentorial mass volume; however, there was a significant difference towards lower ICP in the infratentorial compartment compared to the supratentorial compartment. The transtentorial gradient leads to a significant discrepancy between supra- and infratentorial ICP monitoring. Therefore, infratentorial ICP monitoring is warranted in case of posterior fossa lesions for at least 48 h.
A Critique of Utilitarian Trust: The Case of the Dutch Insurance Sector
Authors: van Rietschoten Erik , van Bommel Koen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe organizational trust literature relies strongly on the notion of trust and trustworthiness as a calculative cause-and-effect relationship aimed at assessing the advantages and disadvantages between two actors. This utilitarian notion of trust has been critiqued by studies that highlight construct inconsistencies related to utilitarian trust, which, it is argued, is deficient, incomplete and misleading. Our empirical study of the Dutch insurance sector identifies and categorizes three process inconsistencies that help to explain why the calculation of trust in a utilitarian sense is seemingly impossible in practice and is a barrier to the unambiguous assessment of individual needs and individual utility. These process inconsistencies successively concern insufficient information, complex behavioural dynamics, and a convoluted pattern of stakeholder influence to assess utility in trust relationships, specifically within complex socio-economic systems. Our findings contribute to the trust literature by proposing a classification of the previous critiques on utilitarian trust, and by showing that in scenarios of systematic rather than dyadic trust, process inconsistencies may be too strong to endure a ‘leap of faith’, at least with regard to suspension and assessing utilitarian trust in these more complex socio-economic systems.
Twenty-five years of the Education and the Information Technologies journal: Past and future
Authors: Tatnall Arthur , Fluck Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article examines how research publications in education and information technologies have changed over the last twenty-five years. The authors investigate articles published in the journal: Education and Information Technologies (EAIT). To celebrate a quarter-century of this publication. They take a retrospective view of the EAIT journal, using Historical Research methodology to show some of the trends in topics covered and to interrogate the expanding cultural background of published authors. While computer technology has developed rapidly over this time, research methodologies, international collaborations, and discipline areas have multiplied quickly. Finally, this article identifies some unique papers that have appeared in print and provides glimpses into what the future may hold.
Selective laser trabeculoplasty following failed combined phacoemulsification cataract extraction and excimer laser trabeculotomy can control intraocular pressure for a limited time
Authors: Krzyzanowska Iwona , Ziegler Johanna , Meier-Gibbons Frances , Töteberg-Harms Marc 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) following failed phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with excimer laser trabeculotomy (phaco-ELT).

Methods
Retrospectively, the medical records of patients with primary or secondary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who underwent SLT between January 2001 and February 2015 by one surgeon at a single center after a failed phaco-ELT were evaluated. Exclusion criteria were: angle-closure glaucoma, optic nerve atrophy due to disease other than glaucoma, and additional glaucoma procedures between phaco-ELT and SLT. The main outcome measures were time to failure and Kaplan–Meier survival. Complete success was defined as a reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) of  > 3 mmHg and  > 20% compared to baseline, and the number of AGM ≤ baseline.

Results
A total of 23 eyes of 21 subjects were included. Baseline IOP was 19.7 (range, 19.1–22.7) mmHg, and the number of AGM at baseline was 2.5 (range, 1.9–2.9). Median time to failure after SLT was 7.2 (range, 6.6–7.8) months. The number of antiglaucoma medications did not change during that time.

Conclusions
In eyes in which the IOP is no longer controlled following phaco-ELT, SLT could be an option to slow disease progression or prolong time until incisional filtration surgery. However, time to failure after SLT is limited. Thus, close follow-up visits are necessary in order to not delay an incisional surgery.
Comparative analysis of phycoerythrin production in cryptophytes
Authors: Mercier Léon , Peltomaa Elina , Ojala Anne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhycobiliproteins are pigments with uses in pharmacology, cosmetics, foods, and as fluorescent probes in biochemistry. Cryptophyte microalgae are one possible source of phycobiliproteins as well as other molecules such as omega-3 fatty acids. The use of cryptophytes in biotechnology is currently very limited and especially the potential of freshwater species is poorly documented. For commercial microalgae production, it is important to find the best performing strains in terms of growth and yields of the products of interest. Phycoerythrin is a phycobiliprotein with red colour and strong yellow fluorescence. In this study, we evaluate the growth and phycoerythrin production of eight strains of freshwater cryptophytes belonging to the genus Cryptomonas, comparing them to two marine strains. The strains are grown in batch cultures under standardised conditions. Most of the studied freshwater strains have lower growth rates and all of them have lower biomass yields than the marine strains. However, most of them have much higher cellular phycoerythrin concentrations, which in the case of two strains leads them to a significantly higher overall phycoerythrin yield. There is large variation among cryptophytes in growth rates and phycoerythrin content. Our results suggest that freshwater cryptophytes of the genus Cryptomonas may be better sources of phycoerythrin than the more extensively studied marine strains.
Dissociating the phononic, magnetic and electronic contributions to thermal conductivity: a computational study in alpha-iron
Authors: Nikolov S. , Tranchida J. , Ramakrishna K. , Lokamani M. , Cangi A. , Wood M. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractComputational tools to study thermodynamic properties of magnetic materials have, until recently, been limited to phenomenological modeling or to small domain sizes limiting our mechanistic understanding of thermal transport in ferromagnets. Herein, we study the interplay of phonon and magnetic spin contributions to the thermal conductivity in $$\alpha$$
α
-iron utilizing non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. It was observed that the magnetic spin contribution to the total thermal conductivity exceeds lattice transport for temperatures up to two-thirds of the Curie temperature after which only strongly coupled magnon-phonon modes become active heat carriers. Characterizations of the phonon and magnon spectra give a detailed insight into the coupling between these heat carriers, and the temperature sensitivity of these coupled systems. Comparisons to both experiments and ab initio data support our inferred electronic thermal conductivity, supporting the coupled molecular dynamics/spin dynamics framework as a viable method to extend the predictive capability for magnetic material properties.
Distinguishing Power-Law Uniform Random Graphs from Inhomogeneous Random Graphs Through Small Subgraphs
Authors: Stegehuis Clara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the asymptotic number of induced subgraphs in power-law uniform random graphs. We show that these induced subgraphs appear typically on vertices with specific degrees, which are found by solving an optimization problem. Furthermore, we show that this optimization problem allows to design a linear-time, randomized algorithm that distinguishes between uniform random graphs and random graph models that create graphs with approximately a desired degree sequence: the power-law rank-1 inhomogeneous random graph. This algorithm uses the fact that some specific induced subgraphs appear significantly more often in uniform random graphs than in rank-1 inhomogeneous random graphs.
Affinity Selection from Synthetic Peptide Libraries Enabled by De Novo MS/MS Sequencing
Authors: Koh Li Quan , Lim Yi Wee , Gates Zachary P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, de novo MS/MS peptide sequencing has enabled the application of affinity selections to synthetic peptide mixtures that approach the diversity of phage libraries (> 108 random peptides). In conjunction with ‘split-mix’ solid phase synthesis to access equimolar peptide mixtures, this approach provides a straightforward means to examine synthetic peptide libraries of considerably higher diversity than has been feasible historically. Here, we offer a critical perspective on this work, report emerging data, and highlight opportunities for further methods refinement. With continued development, ‘affinity selection–mass spectrometry’ may become a complimentary approach to phage display, in vitro selection, and DNA-encoded libraries for the discovery of synthetic ligands that modulate protein function.
Association between the single nucleotide variants of the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene (MT-CYB) and the male infertility
Authors: Saleh Jaweesh Mayyas , Hammadeh Mohamad Eid , Dahadhah Fatina W. , Al Zoubi Mazhar Salim , Amor Houda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic male infertility can be attributed to genetic predispositions that affect sperm performance and function. Genetic alterations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been linked to certain types of male infertility and abnormal sperm function. Mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome B (MT-CYB) gene might lead to some deficiencies in mitochondrial function. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mutations in theMT-CYBgene on sperm motility and male infertility.Methods and resultsSemen specimens were collected from 111 men where 67 men were subfertile and 44 were fertile. QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and REPLI-g Mitochondrial DNA Kit from QIAGEN were used to isolate and amplify the mitochondrial DNA. Followed by PCR and Sanger sequencing for the target sequence in theMT-CYPgene. Sequencing of theMT-CYBgene revealed a total of thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Eight SNPs were non-synonymous variant (missense variant) including: rs2853508, rs28357685, rs41518645, rs2853507, rs28357376, rs35070048, rs2853506, and rs28660155. While five SNPs were Synonymous variant: rs527236194, rs28357373, rs28357369, rs41504845, and rs2854124. Among these SNPs, three variants showed a significant difference in the frequency of the genotypes between subfertile and fertile groups: rs527236194 (T15784C) (P = 0.0005), rs28357373 (T15629C) (P = 0.0439), and rs41504845 (C15833T) (P = 0.0038). Moreover, two SNPs showed a significant association between allelic frequencies of rs527236194 (T15784C) (P = 0.0014) and rs41504845 (C15833T) (P = 0.0147) and male subfertility.ConclusionThe current study showed a significant association between theMT-CYBgene polymorphisms and the development of male infertility. In particular, rs527236194, rs28357373 and rs41504845 variants were found to be the most related to the subfertility group. Further studies on larger and other populations are required to reveal the exact role of this gene in the development of male infertility. In addition, functional studies will be helpful to elucidate the molecular impact of the MT-CYPpolymorphisms on mitochondrial function.
Neural Correlates of Impaired Self-awareness of Deficits after Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Terneusen Anneke , Winkens Ieke , van Heugten Caroline , Stapert Sven , Jacobs Heidi I. L. , Ponds Rudolf , Quaedflieg Conny 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelf-awareness is essential for the process and outcome of rehabilitation but is often affected by acquired brain injury (ABI). While many studies investigated the psychological aspects of self-awareness deficits, the biological underpinnings are not well understood. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the neural correlates of self-awareness after ABI. Results indicate that anticipation of future problems is associated with lesions and decreased neural functioning in the right frontal lobe, as well as increased diffusivity throughout the white matter of the brain. Poor behavioral adjustment on implicit awareness tasks is associated with less functional connectivity of anterior cingulate cortex and right or middle inferior frontal gyri to the fronto-parietal control network, as well as more activation in the left insula and left parietal operculum during error processing. Recognition of mistakes is associated with internetwork connectivity of anterior or posterior default mode network to salience network. In conclusion, after ABI, different results in brain activation and connectivity are found depending on level of awareness measured. Future studies are necessary to confirm these findings.