bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A complex programmed logic device‐based experiment system for the principles of computer composition
Authors: Wu Zhen , Deng Ming , Zhang Qisheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract“The Principles of Computer Composition” is an important and fundamental core course in computing education. Recently, significant advancements have been made for experimental instruments that are related to “The Principles of Computer Composition” for colleges in terms of their functions and performances. However, most instruments are old, prone to failure, and are rarely automated. Some experimental systems use field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) or a complex programming logic device (CPLD); however, the systems still use numerous integrated discrete and small‐scale chips, which limits the functionalities of FPGA or CPLD chips. It is difficult to reconfigure the logic in all aspects of the experiment, and only a limited part of the logic can be reconstructed. Meanwhile, simulation experiments alone are too abstract for students to intuitively understand the circuit structures of the hardware. To address these issues, a CPLD‐based experiment system for the course “The Principles of Computer Composition” was designed. The proposed system has a flexible design with clear circuit structures and a high degree of automation and stability. In addition, it comes with multiple functions, including logic reconstruction. The test results prove that the proposed system can help students obtain a better understanding of the course content. The system meets the design goal, and it contributes to the development of computing education.
Clinicopathological characteristics, survival outcomes, and genetic alterations of younger patients with gastric cancer: Results from the China National Cancer Center and cBioPortal datasets
Authors: Niu Penghui , Huang Huang , Zhao Lulu , Wang Tongbo , Zhang Xiaojie , Wang Wanqing , Zhang Yawei , Guo Chunguang , Zhao Dongbing , Chen Yingtai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe survival outcomes of younger patients with gastric cancer (GC) have remained controversial. This study explores the clinicopathological characteristics, survival outcomes, and genetic alterations of younger and older patients with GC.MethodsPatients with GC were identified from the China National Cancer Center Gastric Cancer Database (NCCGCDB) during 1998–2018. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models. Sequencing datasets were enrolled from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) databases.ResultsA total of 1146 younger (<40 years of age) and 16,988 older (≥40 years of age) cases were included in the study. Younger patients had more poorly differentiated lesions than older patients (53.7% vs. 33.8%, respectively; p < 0.0001), and were more often pTNM stage IV (19.5% vs. 11.8%, respectively; p < 0.001). The 5‐year overall survival (OS) of patients from the NCCGCDB increased from 1998 to 2018. Younger patients with pTNM stage III had a lower survival rate than older patients (p = 0.014), while no differences by age were observed at other stages. The mutation frequency of the LRP1B, GNAS, APC, and KMT2D genes was higher for older than younger patients (p < 0.05 for all genes). While not significantly different, younger patients from the TCGA and MSKCC databases were more likely to have CDH1, RHOA, and CTNNB1 gene mutations.ConclusionsA stable proportion and improved survival of younger patients were reported using NCCGCDB data. Younger patients with pTNM stage III had lower rates of survival than older patients. Distinct molecular characteristics were identified in younger GC patients which may partly explain the histopathology and prognosis specific to this subpopulation.
Comparison of quality of appearance, cooking quality, and protein content of green‐labeled rice and conventional rice
Authors: Hu Xianqiao , Zhang Weixing , Lu Lin , Shao Yafang , Chen Mingxue , Zhu Zhiwei , Mou Renxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWith rising living standards, people are more willing to pay for rice with environmental attributes (green‐labeled rice) than rice without environmental attributes (conventional rice). The aim of this study was to assess whether green‐labeled rice possesses higher quality than conventional rice. Aimed at green‐labeled rice in the market, the appearance quality, cooking quality, and protein content were systematically analyzed and compared with conventional rice.FindingsThe superior quality rate (SQR) of green‐labeled rice was 92.0%, which was much higher than that of conventional rice (67.8%). Green‐labeled rice showed a lower percentage of chalky rice, chalkiness, and a higher gel consistency, alkali spreading value, and translucency. SQRs of chalkiness, transparency grade, gel consistency, alkali spreading value, and amylose content for green‐labeled rice were all higher than those of conventional rice. Rice quality was evaluated by dividing all rice into indica rice and japonica rice, resulting in a similar trend, wherein higher quality in terms of appearance and cooking quality were observed in green indica rice and green japonica rice than conventional ones. No significant difference was observed in the protein content between green‐labeled rice and conventional rice.ConclusionsGreen‐labeled rice showed better quality in terms of appearance and cooking quality than conventional rice, and had similar protein content to conventional rice. It possessed higher SQRs of each quality parameter and significantly lower chalkiness and amylose content, and significantly higher translucency, gel consistency, and alkali spreading value than conventional rice.Significance and NoveltyLimited research has been reported on the overall quality of market green‐labeled rice and comparison of quality between green‐labeled rice and conventional rice. This paper systematically analyzed the overall quality of green‐labeled rice. It was important for consumers to understand the overall quality of green‐labeled rice in the market, and of guidance for rice purchase and green rice production.
Minimally invasive arthroscopy of the knee using a new 2 mm device
Authors: Konrads Christian , Notheisen Thomas , Döbele Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArthroscopy has been evolving over the last decades, whereas arthroscopic devices have not changed much. Smaller diameter arthroscopes would potentially reduce the intraoperative trauma for cartilage and soft tissues. Two‐millimeter‐diameter arthroscopy demonstrated very good visualization and reach of intraarticular structures—similar to knee arthroscopy using a standard arthroscopic system.
Henoch–Schonlein purpura due to sodium valproate: A case report
Authors: Hosseini Firozeh , Safari Mojgan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report a 5‐year‐old girl with a generalized seizure treated with sodium valproate syrup. She returned to the clinic with Henoch–Schonlein purpura after 20 days due to the consumption of sodium valproate. To our knowledge, this is the second case of sodium valproate‐induced HSP.
Thoracic epidural analgesia in a patient with von Hippel‐Lindau disease
Authors: Yap Amanda , Hanada Satoshi , Ravindranath Sapna , Swaran Singh Tejinder Singh , Siddapura Ranganath Yatish 
Published: March 2022

Abstractvon Hippel‐Lindau disease (VHLD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by central nervous system hemangioblastomas and renal tumors. Here, we report a case of thoracic epidural placement in a 35‐year‐old woman with VHLD presenting for left open heminephrectomy for renal masses. We also reviewed the literature on this topic.
Morphology and Wettability of Microporous Copper Deposits Decorated with Silver and Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Johnsan R. , Das Sudev , Kumar C. S. Sujith 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were incorporated into the structurally stable microporous copper architecture by electro‐co‐deposition and galvanic displacement reaction to enhance the thermophysical properties. The microporous architecture of copper (Cu) was prepared by carrying out one‐step electrodeposition over a plain copper substrate. The microporous copper deposit laden with micropores and nanodendrites contributes to a substantial surface area. The structural stability of the copper architecture prepared by one step was fortified by carrying out two steps. The two‐step electrodeposited copper decorated by Ag dendrites displayed hydrophobicity as Ag dendrites screened the pores, limiting the interaction of water. The presence of GO sheets hampered the concentration of Ag dendrites due to the blanketed copper grains and modified the wettability from permanent hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity.
Development of a Trireforming Fluidized‐Bed Reactor with a Hydrogen Permselective Membrane
Authors: Osat Mohammad , Shojaati Faryar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree models were developed for a conventional fluidized‐bed reactor and a cocurrent and a countercurrent membrane fluidized‐bed reactor for methane trireforming. Firstly, the effects of the operating parameters on the reactor performance were assessed. Then, a single‐objective optimization was established. Finally, a membrane was added to the reactor to improve the reactor performance. The simulated results illustrate that the reaction rates are highest near the reactor entrance due to the high volume fraction of the dispersed phase and the existence of a hot zone. Moreover, the optimization process indicates that the maximum H2 yield in the conventional fluidized‐bed reactor is obtained when the inlet temperature, inlet flow rate, and H2O/CH4 ratio, are 804 °C, 3.6 × 105 L h−1, and 2.5, respectively.
Sb‐ and O‐Cosubstituted Li10SnP2S12 with High Electrochemical and Air Stability for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Gao Jing , Sun Xiaolin , Wang Cheng , Zhang Yuan , Yang Li , Song Depeng , Wu Yue , Yang Zewen , Ohsaka Takeo , Matsumotoc Futoshi , Wu Jianfei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of solid‐state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, broad electrochemical stability, and high air stability is the key to realizing the practical application of all‐solid‐state batteries. Herein, Sb‐ and O‐cosubstituted Li10SnP2S12 sulfide electrolytes are prepared for the first time. An appropriate amount of Sb and O substitution provides the optimized Li10SnP1.84Sb0.16S11.6O0.4 electrolyte with the highest ionic conductivity of 2.58 mS ⋅ cm−1 at RT. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry analysis results demonstrate that the Li10SnP1.84Sb0.16S11.6O0.4 electrolyte displays a broader electrochemical window of 1.4–5.0 V vs. Li+/Li than that of 1.7–2.4 V vs. Li+/Li for the nonsubstituted Li10SnP2S12. Moreover, benefitting from the soft acid Sb5+ and hard base O2− dual substitution, the air stability of electrolyte has been improved. Furthermore, the LiNbO3@LiCoO2/Li−In cell assembled with the Li10SnP1.84Sb0.16S11.6O0.4 electrolytes exhibits a high initial discharge specific capacity of 124.7 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 0.05 C and maintains 85 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 C and 25 °C, which is much higher than that of the cell assembled with the Li10SnP2S12 electrolytes. XPS measurement results revealed that the mechanism of improving cell stability is the inhibition of electrolyte side reaction in the cathode. Sb‐ and O‐cosubstituted Li10SnP2S12 was demonstrated to be a promising solid electrolyte for practical all‐solid‐state batteries.
A Tale of Two Complexes: Electro‐Assisted Oxidation of Thioanisole by an “O2 Activator/Oxidizing Species” Tandem System of Non‐Heme Iron Complexes
Authors: Robinson Amanda Lyn , Rebilly Jean‐Noël , Guillot Régis , Herrero Christian , Maisonneuve Hélène , Banse Frédéric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report two new FeIII complexes [L1FeIII(H2O)](OTf)2 and [L2FeIII(OTf)], obtained by replacing pyridines by phenolates in a known non‐heme aminopyridine iron complex. While the original, starting aminopyridine [(L52)FeII(MeCN)](PF6) complex is stable in air, the potentials of the new FeIII/II couples decrease to the point that [L2FeII] spontaneously reduces O2 to superoxide. We used it as an O2 activator in an electrochemical setup, as its presence allows to generate superoxide at a much more accessible potential (>500 mV gain). Our aim was to achieve substrate oxidation via the reductive activation of O2. While L2FeIII(OTf) proved to be a good O2 activator but a poor oxidation system, its association with another complex (TPEN)FeII(PF6)2 generates a complementary tandem couple for electro‐assisted oxidation of substrates, working at a very accessible potential: upon reduction, L2FeIII(OTf) activates O2 to superoxide and transfers it to (TPEN)FeII(PF6)2 leading in fine to the oxidation of thioanisole.
Chiral NMR analysis reveals the environmental dependence of areolal scalemization in Piptothrix areolare
Authors: Gómez‐Hurtado Mario A. , Ramírez‐Briones Ernesto , Arreaga‐González Héctor M. , Rodríguez‐García Gabriela , Cerda‐García‐Rojas Carlos M. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro , del Río Rosa E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of racemic and enantiomerically enriched (scalemic) mixtures of secondary metabolites in their natural sources is a rare phenomenon. The unprecedent case of enantiomeric variations from levorotatory to dextrorotatory, and back to levorotatory, passing through an almost racemic mixture, was recently documented for areolal, the major epoxythymol of Piptothrix areolare. In an attempt to shed some light to understand the reasons for such an unusual behavior, herein, we evaluated this phenomenon by correlating the areolal enantiomeric purity with several environmental variables, including temperature, humidity, rain precipitation, wind speed, and radiation during over 1 year of the plant life cycle. The specific rotation and enantiomeric excess determined by 1H‐NMR‐BINOL measurements provided the scalemic variations of areolal samples isolated from the roots collected from the same location along a 427‐day period. The 1H‐NMR‐BINOL methodology provided better sensitivity to enantiomeric variations than specific rotation measurements. Statistical data, including matrix correlation analysis, exploratory analysis by heatmap plotting, and the principal component analysis (PCA), suggested direct correlation of the scalemic variation with humidity, rain precipitation, and radiation variables with the best PCA explanation (78.4%) and noncritical or poor correlations in PCA explained in 60.2% and 48.4%, respectively. When variations in the optical activity parameter of any metabolite are observed, the search for scalemic mixtures along their host plant life cycle should be undertaken. Herein, this phenomenon could be associated with interactions with soil microorganisms and with evolutionary aspects of Piptothrix areolare which belongs to Asteraceae, one of the most successfully adaptable plant families.
Liquid co‐fluidization of cylinders and spheres
Authors: Derksen Jacobus J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLiquid fluidization of mixtures of solid particles of spherical and cylindrical shape has been numerically simulated. The simulations explicitly resolve the solid–liquid interfaces by means of an immersed boundary method implemented in a lattice‐Boltzmann flow solver. A soft collision algorithm deals with particle–particle contacts and close‐range hydrodynamic interaction. The systems studied have an overall solids volume fraction of 0.40, with 5%–35% of the overall solids volume contained in the cylinders. One focus of the study is on the effect of the length over diameter aspect ratio (that has been varied between 4–10) of the cylinders on the co‐fluidization behaviour. The average slip velocity of the cylinders only weakly depends on the fraction of the cylinder volume in the solid particle mixture. The cylinders do stir the system, with velocity fluctuation levels increasing if the number of cylinders relative to the number of spheres is increased. When co‐fluidized, the taller cylinders preferentially orient vertically, as they also do in cylinder‐only fluidization.
A phase 2 study of sorafenib combined with conventional therapies in refractory central nervous system leukemia
Authors: Chen Xiaoxia , Huang Junwei , Xu Na , Fan Zhiping , Nie Danian , Huang Fen , Sun Qixin , Zhang Xinyou , Liang Xinquan , Shi Pengcheng , Wang Zhixiang , Liu Hui , Xu Jun , Dai Min , Yu Guopan , Zhang Yu , Sun Jing , Liu Qifa , Xuan Li 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPatients with refractory central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) have a dismal prognosis and lack effective therapy. Case reports have shown that sorafenib is effective against brain metastases, including leukemia.MethodsTo explore the efficacy of sorafenib combined with conventional therapies for refractory CNSL, a phase 2 study was conducted. The primary end point was the complete remission rate (CRR) within 8 weeks of treatment. Secondary end points included the overall response rate (ORR), event‐free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs).ResultsTwenty‐six patients with refractory CNSL were enrolled; they included 17 with isolated CNSL, 7 with hematological relapse, and 2 with another extramedullary relapse. After 8 weeks of treatment, 21 patients achieved complete remission, 2 achieved partial remission, and 3 achieved no remission for a CRR of 80.8% (95% CI, 62.1%‐91.5%) and an ORR of 88.5% (95% CI, 71.0%‐96.0%). Twenty patients survived, and 6 died. The 2‐year EFS and OS rates were 75.0% (95% CI, 54.5%‐88.3%) and 76.9% (95% CI, 54.2%‐90.4%), respectively. Six patients experienced grade 3 or 4 treatment‐related AEs, including moderate chronic graft‐vs‐host disease (n = 3), grade 3 or 4 acute graft‐vs‐host disease (n = 2), and grade 3 skin rash (n = 1). No treatment‐related deaths occurred during the therapy of refractory CNSL.ConclusionsSorafenib combined with conventional therapies is effective and safe for refractory CNSL.Lay Summary

Sorafenib combined with conventional therapies is effective and safe for refractory central nervous system leukemia.
Plateau's Problem as a Singular Limit of Capillarity Problems
Authors: King Darren , Stuvard Salvatore , Maggi Francesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoap films at equilibrium are modeled, rather than as surfaces, as regions of small total volume through the introduction of a capillarity problem with a homotopic spanning condition. This point of view introduces a length scale in the classical Plateau's problem, which is in turn recovered in the vanishing volume limit. This approximation of area minimizing hypersurfaces leads to an energy based selection principle for Plateau's problem, points at physical features of soap films that are unaccessible by simply looking at minimal surfaces, and opens several challenging questions. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Validation‐Based Insertional Mutagenesis (VBIM), A Powerful Forward Genetic Screening Strategy
Authors: De Sarmishtha , Tamagno Ilaria , Stark George R. , Jackson Mark W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForward genetics begins with a biological phenotype and attempts to identify genetic changes that influence that phenotype. These changes can be induced in a selected group of genes, for instance, by using libraries of cDNAs, shRNAs, CRISPR guide RNAs, or genetic suppressor elements (GSEs), or randomly throughout the genome using chemical or insertional mutagens, with each approach creating distinct genetic changes. The Validation‐Based Insertional Mutagenesis (VBIM) strategy utilizes modified lentiviruses as insertional mutagens, placing strong promoters throughout the genome. Generating libraries with millions of cells carrying one or a few VBIM promoter insertions is straightforward, allowing selection of cells in which overexpression of VBIM‐driven RNAs or proteins promote the phenotype of interest. VBIM‐driven RNAs may encode full‐length proteins, truncated proteins (which may have wild‐type, constitutive, or dominant‐negative activity), or antisense RNAs that can disrupt gene expression. The diversity in VBIM‐driven changes allows for the identification of both gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function mutations in a single screen. Additionally, VBIM can target any genomic locus, regardless of whether it is expressed in the cells under study or known to have a biological function, allowing for true whole‐genome screens without the complication and cost of constructing, maintaining, and delivering a comprehensive library. Here, we review the VBIM strategy and discuss examples in which VBIM has been successfully used in diverse screens to identify novel genes or novel functions for known genes. In addition, we discuss considerations for transitioning the VBIM strategy to in vivo screens. We hope that other laboratories will be encouraged to use the VBIM strategy to identify genes that influence their phenotypes of interest. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Platinum on the Corrosion of Cathode Carbon Support in a PEMFC
Authors: Liu Fengfeng , Gao Ziliang , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe possible role of platinum in the carbon corrosion at cell voltage higher than 1.0 V is controversial yet. To gain more insights into this issue, a square‐wave potential cycles between 1.0 to 1.5 V was applied to fuel cells comprising cathodes with and without Pt. Using online non‐dispersive infrared spectroscopy, we showed that Pt catalyzed the gasification of carbon in the early stage, while upon prolonged exposure to potential cycling (≥3 h), platinum started to hinder the CO2 production. Based on cyclic voltammetry tests and Raman spectroscopy, the inhibiting effect of platinum on the corrosion was suggested to originate from modifications on carbon surface, where the formation of electroactive sites was limited. Electrode and non‐electrode ohmic resistances were distinguished further through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement and the changes in electrode microstructure and surface composition were examined by scanning electron microscope image and energy dispersion X‐Ray spectroscopy. The results indicated that Pt reduced the damage of electrode structures after potential cycles.
A self‐consistent κ‐model for anomalous transport due to electrostatic, interchange‐dominated E × B drift turbulence in the scrape‐off layer and implementation in SOLPS‐ITER
Authors: Dekeyser Wouter , Coosemans Reinart , Carli Stefano , Baelmans Martine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ad‐hoc description of anomalous transport through diffusive relations with manually tuned coefficients is currently one of the main limitations in mean‐field plasma edge codes, seriously restricting their interpretive and predictive capabilities. In this paper, we attempt to improve that description by relating the anomalous transport coefficients to the turbulent kinetic energy as a measure for the local intensity of the turbulence. Using RANS techniques from hydrodynamic turbulence and insights from their recent successful application to 2D electrostatic drift turbulence modelling for the scrape‐off layer, we propose a transport equation for and discuss its coupling with the mean‐field transport equations. The main features of the model include (a) an analytically exact interchange source of which introduces the ballooning character of the transport; (b) fast parallel transport of through the connection with parallel current fluctuations; and (c) consistent transport reduction due to the impact of mean flow shear. The resulting model has been implemented in the new extended grids version of SOLPS‐ITER, enabling for the first time mean‐field simulations self‐consistently combining classical parallel transport with mean‐field drifts and anomalous transport with the code. A first assessment of the model has been made for a representative C‐Mod case study, highlighting the promising features of the model. Further analysis is needed to investigate in detail the impact of the different new terms in the model across operational regimes, and determine the new closures constants based on larger sets of turbulence simulations and experimental data.