bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hand-made tail: non-perturbative tails from multifield inflation
Authors: Achúcarro Ana , Céspedes Sebastián , Davis Anne-Christine , Palma Gonzalo A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that large but rare fluctuations of the primordial curvature field, controlled by the tail of its probability distribution, could have dramatic effects on the current structure of the universe — e.g. via primordial black-holes. However, the use of standard perturbation theory to study the evolution of fluctuations during inflation fails in providing a reliable description of how non-linear interactions induce non-Gaussian tails. Here, we use the stochastic inflation formalism to study the non-perturbative effects from multi-field fluctuations on the statistical properties of the primordial curvature field. Starting from the effective action describing multi-field fluctuations, we compute the joint probability density function and show that enhanced non-Gaussian tails are a generic feature of slow-roll inflation with additional degrees of freedom.
On the 3d compactifications of 5d SCFTs associated with SU(N + 1) gauge theories
Authors: Sacchi Matteo , Sela Orr , Zafrir Gabi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories resulting from the compactification of a family of 5d SCFTs on a torus with flux in the global symmetry. The family of 5d SCFTs used in the analysis is the one that UV completes the 5d SU(N + 1) gauge theories with Chern-Simons level k and Nf fundamental hypermultiplets, generalizing the previous investigation of the torus compactifications of the rank 1 Seiberg $$ {E}_{N_{f+1}} $$

E

N

f
+
1

SCFT (which is the N = 1 member of the family). This construction systematically yields three-dimensional theories presenting highly non-trivial non-perturbative phenomena such as infra-red dualities and enhanced symmetries, which we check using various methods.
Holographic topological defects in a ring: role of diverse boundary conditions
Authors: Li Zhi-Hong , Shi Han-Qing , Zhang Hai-Qing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We investigate the formation of topological defects in the course of a dynamical phase transition with different boundary conditions in a ring from AdS/CFT correspondence. According to the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, quenching the system across the critical point to symmetry-breaking phase will result in topological defects — winding numbers — in a compact ring. By setting two different boundary conditions, i.e., Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions for the spatial component of the gauge fields in the AdS boundary, we achieve the holographic superfluid and holographic superconductor models, respectively. In the final equilibrium state, different configurations of the order parameter phases for these two models indicate a persistent superflow in the holographic superfluid, however, the holographic superconductor lacks this superflow due to the existence of local gauge fields. The two-point correlation functions of the order parameter also behave differently. In particular, for holographic superfluid the correlation function is a cosine function depending on the winding number. The correlation function for the holographic superconductor, however, decays rapidly at short distances and vanishes at long distance, due to the random localities of the gauge fields. These results are consistent with our theoretical analysis.
The two-sphere partition function from timelike Liouville theory at three-loop order
Authors: Mühlmann Beatrix 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While the Euclidean two-dimensional gravitational path integral is in general highly fluctuating, it admits a semiclassical two-sphere saddle if coupled to a matter CFT with large and positive central charge. In Weyl gauge this gravity theory is known as timelike Liouville theory, and is conjectured to be a non-unitary two-dimensional CFT. We explore the semiclassical limit of timelike Liouville theory by calculating the two-sphere partition function from the perspective of the path integral to three-loop order, extending the work in [6]. We also compare our result to the conjectured all-loop sphere partition function obtained from the DOZZ formula. Since the two-sphere is the geometry of Euclidean two-dimensional de Sitter space our discussion is tied to the conjecture of Gibbons-Hawking, according to which the dS entropy is encoded in the Euclidean gravitational path integral over compact manifolds.
Holographic local operator quenches in BCFTs
Authors: Kawamoto Taishi , Mori Takato , Suzuki Yu-ki , Takayanagi Tadashi , Ugajin Tomonori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present a gravity dual of local operator quench in a two-dimensional CFT with conformal boundaries. This is given by a massive excitation in a three-dimensional AdS space with the end of the world brane (EOW brane). Due to the gravitational backreaction, the EOW brane gets deformed in a nontrivial way. We show that the energy-momentum tensor and entanglement entropy computed from the gravity dual and from the BCFT in the large c limit match perfectly. Interestingly, this comparison avoids the folding of the EOW brane in an elegant way.
Alternative translation and retrotranslocation of cytosolic C3 that detects cytoinvasive bacteria
Authors: Kremlitzka Mariann , Colineau Lucie , Nowacka Alicja A. , Mohlin Frida C. , Wozniak Katarzyna , Blom Anna M. , King Ben C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractComplement C3 was originally regarded as a serum effector protein, although recent data has emerged suggesting that intracellular C3 can also regulate basic cellular processes. Despite the growing interest in intracellular C3 functions, the mechanism behind its generation has not been demonstrated. In this study we show that C3 can be expressed from an alternative translational start site, resulting in C3 lacking the signal peptide, which is therefore translated in the cytosol. In contrast to the secreted form, alternatively translated cytosolic C3 is not glycosylated, is present mainly in a reduced state, and is turned over by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. C3 can also be retrotranslocated from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol, structurally resembling secreted C3. Finally, we demonstrate that intracellular cytosolic C3 can opsonize invasive Staphylococcus aureus within epithelial cell, slowing vacuolar escape as well as impacting bacterial survival on subsequent exposure to phagocytes. Our work therefore reveals the existence and origin of intracellular, cytosolic C3, and demonstrates functions for cytosolic C3 in intracellular detection of cytoinvasive pathogens.
Lamplighters and the bounded cohomology of Thompson’s group
Authors: Monod Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe prove the vanishing of the bounded cohomology of lamplighter groups for a wide range of coefficients. This implies the same vanishing for a number of groups with self-similarity properties, such as Thompson’s group F. In particular, these groups are boundedly acyclic. Our method is ergodic and applies to “large” transformation groups where the Mather–Matsumoto–Morita method sometimes fails because not all are acyclic in the usual sense.
Process times of severely injured patients in the emergency room are associated with patient volume: a registry-based analysis
Authors: Lefering Rolf , Waydhas Christian ,   TraumaRegister DGU
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Hospitals involved in the care of severely injured patients treat a varying number of such cases per year. Large hospitals were expected to show a better performance regarding process times in the emergency room. The present investigation analyzed whether this assumption was true, based on a large national trauma registry.

Methods
A total of 129,193 severely injured patients admitted primarily to one of 675 German hospitals and documented in the TraumaRegister DGU® were considered for this analysis. The analysis covered a 5 years time period (2013–2017). Hospitals were grouped by their average number of annually treated severe trauma patients into five categories ranging from ‘less than 10 patients’ to ‘100 or more’. The following process times were compared: pre-hospital time; time from admission to diagnostic procedures (sonography, X-ray, computed tomography), time from admission to selected emergency interventions and time in the emergency room.

Results
Seventy-eight high volume hospitals treated 45% of all patients, while 30% of hospitals treated less than ten cases per year. Injury severity and mortality increased with volume per year. Whole-body computed tomography (WB-CT) was used less frequently in small hospitals (53%) as compared to the large ones (83%). The average time to WB-CT fell from 28 min. in small hospitals to 19 min. in high volume hospitals. There was a linear trend to shorter performance times for all diagnostic procedures (sonography, X-ray, WB-CT) when the annual volume increased. A similar trend was observed for time to blood transfusion (58 min versus 44 min). The median time in the emergency room fell from 74 min to 53 min, but there was no clear trend for the time to the first emergency surgery. Due to longer travel times, prehospital time was about 10 min higher in patients admitted to high volume hospitals compared to patients admitted to smaller local hospitals.

Conclusion
Process times in the emergency room decreased consistently with an increase of patient volume per year. This decrease, however, was associated with a longer prehospital time.
Strategien zum rationalen Antibiotikaeinsatz im ambulanten Sektor – Ergebnisse eines Workshops mit wichtigen Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens
Authors: Rabold Denise , Abu Sin Muna , Bornemann Reinhard , Clarici Alexandra , Eckmanns Tim , Hartmann Johannes , Hermes Julia , Schink Susanne B. , Tillmann Roland , Perea Ines 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIm November 2021 veranstaltete das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) den eintägigen virtuellen Workshop „Rationaler Antibiotikaeinsatz im ambulanten Sektor – Potenziale und Möglichkeiten für Veränderungen“ unter wissenschaftlicher Begleitung des Robert Koch-Instituts (RKI). Ziel war es, geeignete Strategien zur Förderung des sachgerechten Antibiotikaeinsatzes im ambulanten Bereich zusammenzutragen. Mit den 114 Teilnehmenden waren wichtige Akteure des Gesundheitswesens vertreten. Bereits im Vorfeld der Veranstaltung waren die Eingeladenen gebeten worden, an einer Onlinebefragung zu Perspektiven, Erfahrungen und Ideen für den rationalen Einsatz von Antibiotika im ambulanten Sektor teilzunehmen. Die Antworten wurden für den Workshop ausgewertet.Der Workshop wurde mit Plenarvorträgen zur Deutschen Antibiotikaresistenzstrategie (DART) und zur Antibiotikaresistenzsituation in Deutschland eingeleitet. Alle teilnehmenden Expertinnen und Experten diskutierten in 10 Arbeitsgruppen; deren Ergebnisse wurden in der abschließenden Plenarsitzung vorgestellt. In dem vorliegenden Bericht werden ausgewählte Aspekte dieser Diskussionen präsentiert. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen in die Strategie „DART 2030“ einfließen.
Neck of femur fractures treated with the femoral neck system: outcomes of one hundred and two patients and literature review
Authors: Davidson Amit , Blum Shlomo , Harats Elad , Kachko Erick , Essa Ahmad , Efraty Ram , Peyser Amos , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The recently developed femoral neck system (FNS) for treatment of femoral neck fractures (FNF), comprises theoretical biomechanical advantages compared to other implants. The aim of this study was to validate the safety and to report outcomes of patients treated with the FNS.

Method
A retrospective multicentric analysis of patients treated by FNS with a minimum of three months of follow-up. Details analysed from three medical centres were operative duration, estimated blood loss, initial hospitalisation duration, fixation quality as well as complications and reoperation rate. Patients who had revision surgery were compared to all other patients to identify risk factors for failure. In addition, a literature review was performed to analyse data on FNS clinical implementation and patient’s outcomes. The two data sets were combined and analysed.

Results
One-hundred and two patients were included in this study cohort with an average follow-up of seven months (range 3–27). Ten papers were included in the literature review, reporting data on 278 patients. Overall, 380 patients were analysed. Average age was 62.6 years, 52% of the fractures were classified as Gardens 1–2. Overall, the revision rate was 9.2% (14 patients diagnosed with cut-out of implant, 10 with AVN, 8 with non-union and 8 with hardware removal). For the 102 patients in the cohort risk factors for reoperation included patients age, surgeon seniority and inadequate placement of the implant.

Conclusion
This study shows that FNS is a safe treatment option for FNF. Intra-operative parameters and failure rates are comparable to previously reported rates for this implant and other frequently used implants.
How to do a second trimester anomaly scan
Authors: Carmen Prodan Natalia , Hoopmann Markus , Jonaityte Gertruda , Oliver Kagan Karl 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA systematic evaluation of the fetal anatomy as part of the second trimester ultrasound examination in pregnancy is useful in detecting pregnancy complications, fetal abnormalities, and genetic diseases. We aim to illustrate the basic and detailed second trimester scan, according to current international and national guidelines, as well as to our own every-day practice in the Department for Prenatal Diagnosis at the University of Tübingen, Germany.
Research on evaluation system of ideological and political education of college students based on decision system
Authors: Rui Zhang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNowadays, the ideological and political (IAP) training of the college and university students is of a great interest for everyone due to the rapid change in the political issues and the race of super power. By analyzing the present states and research on the system of evaluating the IAP training of college students, it is obvious that the current evaluation systems are not satisfactory and have different deficiencies such as openness, transparency, and lack of supervision. The existing systems are pretty straightforward, and the assessment process is not open enough. The evaluation systems are not solid, and there are still many challenges for the evaluation system of IAP training of college students. Students can only accomplish a comparably fair and scientific assessment result by building an efficient and innovative decision-making system with the help of analyzing the evaluation system of the IAP education of the students. This allows the students to get to know each other more closely and better promote their overall growth. In this research work, we examined the present assessment systems of IAP education and presented a paper in order to emphasize its shortcomings and flaws such as openness, transparency, the lack of a distinct evaluation system, and supervision. Further, we examined the values of big data analytics in assessing college students’ IAP education and present a new evaluation method based on big data analytics. The new approach assures the results transparency and openness, and hence, the evaluation system is assessed more accurately. Based on the experimental and evaluation results, it is recommended that the college teachers should understand the value of big data, and a separate platform needs to be developed through which different institutions may exchange data about the assessment system.
Role-play Games (RPGs) for Mental Health (Why Not?): Roll for Initiative
Authors: Baker Ian S. , Turner Ian J. , Kotera Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 has impacted the mental health of the general public negatively, associated with preventative measures, restricting life activities. These restrictions, such as the stay-at-home strategy, resulted in heightened stress, depression, loneliness, substance abuse, and domestic violence, violating people’s occupational and personal lives. During the pandemic, the demands for role-play games (RPGs) have increased: for example, the sales of “Dungeons & Dragons” tripled, underscoring the potential mental health benefits of such games. However, research into the mental health benefits of such games remains under-developed, needing more scientific attention. Accordingly, this commentary paper reviews the existing literature, and suggests areas for application and research about RPGs and mental health including psychotherapy, career guidance, education, and people with disabilities. Insights offered can help practitioners and researchers in RPGs and mental health conduct empirical research and develop alternative approaches for mental health in stressful times.
The Dilemma of Treating Delirium: the Conundrum of Drug Management
Authors: Agar Meera R. , Amgarth-Duff Ingrid 
Published: May 2022

Opinion statementDelirium is a common medical complication in people living with cancer, particularly with more advanced disease. Delirium is associated with significant symptom burden which causes distress and impacts quality of life. As recommended by international guidelines, a high degree of suspicion is needed to ensure delirium is detected early. Attention to collateral history can provide clues to changes in cognition and attention. Non-pharmacological approaches that can be considered essential elements of care are effective in reducing the risk of delirium. Delirium screening using a validated measure is recommended as even expert clinicians can underdiagnose or miss delirium. The diagnostic assessment requires consideration of the cancer diagnosis and comorbidities, in the context of potential reversibility, goals of care, and patient preferences. The gold standard approach based on expert consensus is to institute management for delirium precipitants supported by non-pharmacological essential care, with the support of an interdisciplinary team. Medication management should be used sparingly and for a limited period of time wherever possible for severe perceptual disturbance or agitation which has not improved with non-pharmacological approaches. Clinicians should be familiar with the registered indication for medications and seek informed consent for off-label use. All interventions put in place to manage delirium need to consider net clinical benefit, including harms such as sedation and loss of capacity for meaningful interaction. Clear communication and explanation are needed regularly, with the person with delirium as far as possible and with surrogate decision makers. Delirium can herald a poor prognosis and this needs to be considered and be discussed as appropriate in shared decision-making. Recall after delirium has resolved is common, and opportunity to talk about this experience and the related distress should be offered during the period after recovery.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Modelling product lines diffusion: a framework incorporating competitive brands for sustainable innovations
Authors: Aggrawal Deepti , Anand Adarsh , Bansal Gunjan , Davies Gareth H. , Maroufkhani Parisa , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding of consumer behavior, their changing demands due to increase in social interactions and communications, adoption of latest technologies over existing products have always been a set of fundamental activities for the firms. Keeping the objective of minimum process disruptions and discouraging product proliferation, firms always endeavor to match heterogeneous demands of consumers by emphasizing on the product line. Also, with globalization, rivalry amongst firms has reached a next level. Brands are trying to capture the market by coming up with various combinations of new product mix. Amongst various attributes of product mix, product line has helped firms to attract new potential buyers to a significantly good extent. Therefore, in today’s cutthroat competitive scenario, the concept of product line provides an opportunity for a firm to provide same kind of products with some variation at an altered pricing. The objective of this study is to understand how customers behave (with so many options) and deviate from one product to another product (within and outside the brand). All the possible customers’ shifting combinations that might impact the overall sales of product are captured through the proposed model. A mathematical innovation diffusion model is developed that is motivated by the concept of Bass model and multiple generational diffusion models. This modelling framework describes the scenario of competitive brands that offer multiple products in a marketplace and observing the shifting behavior of the customers and predict the sales when product lines are available. Validation of the model has been done on real-life sales data sets for automobiles industries of two different brands i.e., Hyundai and Maruti Suzuki. The importance of this study is to deliver a solution to the manufacturers that how consumer shifts from one brand to another brand. Therefore, it is imperative for the companies to develop such a product that would lead to customers’ loyalty towards the brand.
Immunohistochemical Expression Pattern of Theragnostic Targets SSTR2 and PSMA in Endolymphatic Sac Tumors: A Single Institution Case Series
Authors: Brada Muriel D. , Rushing Elisabeth J. , Bächinger David , Zoller Loris , Burger Irene A. , Hüllner Martin W. , Moch Holger , Huber Alexander , Eckhard Andreas H. , Rupp Niels J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Endolymphatic sac tumors are rare neoplasia characterized by slow growth. However, their clinical impact should not be underestimated, considering their potential for local aggressive behavior and strong association with von Hippel–Lindau syndrome. Therefore, early detection with emerging theragnostic examinations such as 68Ga-DOTATATE-PET/CT might improve patient management and reduce morbidity.

Methods
We report the clinicopathological features of seven endolymphatic sac tumors. In this cohort, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) protein expression patterns; two targets providing rationale for novel imaging modalities such as PSMA- or SSTR-targeted PET.

Results
The tumor cells of all cases were negative for prostate specific membrane antigen and somatostatin receptor 2A, however immunolabeling was consistently detected in intratumoral endothelial cells of endolymphatic sac tumors for PSMA (7/7 cases, 100%), and for SSTR2A (5/7 cases, 71%).

Conclusions
Our results show a high rate of PSMA and SSTR2A expression in the tumor vasculature of endolymphatic sac tumors. PSMA and SSTR2A can be targeted with appropriate radioligands for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This finding provides a rationale for prospective clinical studies to test this approach as a sensitive screening tool for patients with suspected endolymphatic sac tumors including an improved management of von Hippel–Lindau syndrome.
Erosions, Ruptures, and the Ending of International Orders: Putin’s Invasion of Ukraine in Historical Perspective
Authors: Mulligan William 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article argues that Putin’s invasion of Ukraine marks a distinctive challenge to the liberal international order. The invasion challenges principles of strategic restraint, demonstrates that economic interdependence can lead to violent conflict as well as promote cooperation and peace, and requires novel normative justifications. Initiated by Putin, the war also reveals broader contradictions within the liberal international order that date back to its construction in the aftermath of the Cold War.