bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII (2017–2018)
Authors: Kim Jun Sik , Kim Min , Kim Sun Woong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane (ERM) utilising spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).MethodsWe investigated data from the 2017 to 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals aged ≥40 years with readable fundus photographs and SD‐OCT results were included. ERM was diagnosed by fundus photography and OCT. The following data was collected: demographics, health interview, health examination, and nutritional survey results. The prevalence of ERM was estimated and risk factors for ERM were analysed.ResultsA total of 6807 participants were finally included. Adjusted prevalence of ERM was 7.0% (95% confidence interval, 6.3%–7.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥ 50 years (p < 0.001 for all age groups), history of cataract surgery (p < 0.001), well‐controlled hypertension (p = 0.006), and diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.041) were risk factors for ERM.ConclusionsThe estimated prevalence of ERM was 7.0%, which was higher than that of previous reports using fundus photography only in an East Asian population. Possible risk factors for ERM were older age, history of cataract surgery, hypertension, and diabetic retinopathy.
Understanding the drivers of expert opinion when classifying species as extinct
Authors: Roberts David L. , Hinsley Amy , Fiennes Sicily , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe criteria as laid out by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List are the gold standard by which the extinction risk of a species is assessed and where appropriate biological extinctions are declared. However, unlike all other categories, the category of extinct lacks a quantitative framework for assigning this category. Given its subjective nature, we surveyed expert assessors working on a diversity of taxa to explore the attributes they used to declare a species extinct. Using a choice experiment approach, we surveyed 674 experts from the IUCN Species Survival Commission specialist groups and taskforces. Data availability, time from the last sighting, detectability, habitat availability, and population decline were all important attributes favored by assessors when inferring extinction. Respondents with red‐listing experience assigned more importance to the attributes data availability, time from the last sighting, and detectability when considering a species extinction, whereas those respondents working with well‐known taxa gave more importance to the time from the last sighting. Respondents with no red‐listing experience and those working with more well‐known taxa (i.e., mammals and birds) were overall less likely to consider species extinct. Our findings on the importance assessors place on attributes used to declare a species extinct provide a basis for informing the development of specific criteria for more accurately assessing species extinctions.
Learning to generalize seizure forecasts
Authors: Leguia Marc G. , Rao Vikram R. , Tcheng Thomas K. , Duun‐Henriksen Jonas , Kjær Troels W. , Proix Timothée , Baud Maxime O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is characterized by spontaneous seizures that recur at unexpected times. Nonetheless, using years‐long electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, we previously found that patient‐reported seizures consistently occur when interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) cyclically builds up over days. This multidien (multiday) interictal–ictal relationship, which is shared across patients, may bear phasic information for forecasting seizures, even if individual patterns of seizure timing are unknown. To test this rigorously in a large retrospective dataset, we pretrained algorithms on data recorded from a group of patients, and forecasted seizures in other, previously unseen patients.MethodsWe used retrospective long‐term data from participants (N = 159) in the RNS System clinical trials, including intracranial EEG recordings (icEEG), and from two participants in the UNEEG Medical clinical trial of a subscalp EEG system (sqEEG). Based on IEA detections, we extracted instantaneous multidien phases and trained generalized linear models (GLMs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to forecast the probability of seizure occurrence at a 24‐h horizon.ResultsWith GLMs and RNNs, seizures could be forecasted above chance in 79% and 81% of previously unseen subjects with a median discrimination of area under the curve (AUC) = .70 and .69 and median Brier skill score (BSS) = .07 and .08. In direct comparison, individualized models had similar median performance (AUC = .67, BSS = .08), but for fewer subjects (60%). Moreover, calibration of pretrained models could be maintained to accommodate different seizure rates across subjects.SignificanceOur findings suggest that seizure forecasting based on multidien cycles of IEA can generalize across patients, and may drastically reduce the amount of data needed to issue forecasts for individuals who recently started collecting chronic EEG data. In addition, we show that this generalization is independent of the method used to record seizures (patient‐reported vs. electrographic) or IEA (icEEG vs. sqEEG).
The longitudinal effect of oxcarbazepine on thyroid function in children and adolescents with epilepsy
Authors: Park Hyunju , Heo Jung , Kim Min‐Ji , Lee Jee‐Hun , Kim Min‐Sun , Jin Dong‐Kyu , Kim Tae Hyuk , Chung Jae Hoon , Cho Sung Yoon , Kim Sun Wook 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThyroid hormone abnormalities have been linked to antiseizure medications (ASMs). Oxcarbazepine is considered safer than carbamazepine because it induces the hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolic enzymes less than the carbamazepine does. However, limited data exist for the influence of oxcarbazepine on thyroid function in children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of oxcarbazepine on thyroid function in these patients.MethodsA total of 162 pediatric patients with epilepsy who started oxcarbazepine for the first time between April 2003 and May 2020 were enrolled. The longitudinal effects of oxcarbazepine for thyroid functions were confirmed using general estimating equations.ResultsSerum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (fT4) levels decreased significantly during 5 years of follow‐up (all p’s < .001). In particular, T3 and fT4 levels were reduced steeply in the first 2 years of oxcarbazepine treatment. There was no significant change in thyroid‐stimulating hormone during oxcarbazepine treatment.SignificanceSerum T3, T4, and fT4 levels decreased significantly during oxcarbazepine use, and this change was maintained during the treatment period. In patients receiving oxcarbazepine, it is recommended that periodic thyroid function testing should be performed, especially within the first 2 years after starting this ASM. Our results indicate that oxcarbazepine‐induced hypothyroidism does not appear to be accompanied by a significant increase in TSH, and consequently might be missed if TSH alone is monitored as a measure of thyroid dysfunction.
The universal imprint of oxygen isotopes can track the origins of seafood
Authors: Martino Jasmin C. , Trueman Clive N. , Mazumder Debashish , Crawford Jagoda , Doubleday Zoë A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIdentifying the source of seafood is critical for combatting seafood fraud, but current tools are predominantly developed and applied on a species‐specific basis. This study investigates how multiple marine taxa could be geolocated at global scales by exploiting stable oxygen isotope compositions in carbonate biominerals (δ18Obiomin), where we expect to see universally expressed and predictable spatial variation in δ18Obiomin values across taxa. We constructed global ocean isoscapes of predicted δ18Obiomin values specific to fish (otoliths), cephalopod (statoliths) and shellfish (shells), and a fourth combined “universal” isoscape, and evaluated their capacity to derive δ18Obiomin values among known‐origin samples. High correspondence between isoscape‐predicted δ18Obiomin values and a compiled database of measured, georeferenced values (3954 datapoints encompassing 68 species) indicated that this δ18Obiomin approach works effectively, particularly in regions with highly resolved projections of seawater δ18O composition. When compared to taxon‐specific isoscapes, the universal isoscape demonstrated similar accuracy, indicating exciting potential for universal provenance applications. We tested the universal framework via a case study, using machine‐learning models to identify sample origins amongst regions of divergent (Tropical Asia vs Temperate Australasia) and similar (Temperate Asia vs Temperate Australasia) climates and latitudes. Classification accuracy averaged 75.3% between divergent regions, and 66% between similar regions. When endothermic tuna species were excluded from the analysis, the accuracy between divergent regions increased up to 90% between divergent regions. This study presents the first empirical step towards developing universal chemical markers, which have the potential to support a more inclusive and global approach of validating provenance of seafood.
In situ Raman spectroscopy analysis of local structure in dry gel for zeolite beta synthesis
Authors: Honda Sawao , Matsuda Yuma , Nakashima Kento , Daiko Yusuke , Hashimoto Shinobu , Iwamoto Yuji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo investigate faster crystallization of zeolite beta by the dry‐gel conversion method, the local structure of the dry gel before synthesis was quantitatively evaluated using in situ Raman spectroscopy during the drying process. The dry gel prepared from Si and Al sources, and tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution was crystallized after several hours by the dry‐gel conversion method. The conformational change of TEA+ cations was observed during the drying process by the deconvolution of the spectrum, and the conformational change was larger than that during the synthesis process. The rate of conformational change was increased with the drying temperature, and the apparent activation energy was estimated to be 68.2 kJ/mol. The generation and transformation of double three‐membered silicate rings (D3Rs) and 4‐2 type secondary building units (SBUs), which are essential for the crystallization of zeolite beta, were observed during the drying process. The transformation from D3R to 4‐2 SBU in the dry gel during drying process could be confirmed quantitatively by the difference of the time variation for the amounts of these silicate building units estimated by in situ observation.
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma following dupilumab use: a systematic review
Authors: Park Ariel , Wong Lulu , Lang Annalise , Kraus Christina , Anderson Nancy , Elsensohn Ashley 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, studies have associated dupilumab with unmasking or progression of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). The objective of this study was to synthesize reported cases of CTCL in the setting of dupilumab use. Two independent reviewers conducted a systematic review using PubMed and Embase databases. Twelve studies, of 27 total patients, were included. Dupilumab‐associated CTCL was diagnosed on average 7.8 months following dupilumab initiation. Of reports that included body surface area (BSA), 100% had a BSA >50% prior to diagnosis, and the majority of patients were diagnosed at later stages of disease: stage III (4/18) or IV (6/18). Post‐dupilumab biopsies revealed a greater density of cells and a predominant lichenoid pattern, compared to various histologic patterns and less cell density in pre‐dupilumab biopsies. The majority of TCR gene rearrangement studies were equivocal (20%) or negative (60%), posing a potential diagnostic pitfall. Limitations included lack of standardized data collection and reporting and a small number of studies. We suggest that earlier biopsies, three to four months after initiation of dupilumab, may be helpful for earlier recognition of CTCL in patients who are not improving, progressing, or have morphologic changes on dupilumab.
Influenza surveillance systems using traditional and alternative sources of data: A scoping review
Authors: Hammond Aspen , Kim John J. , Sadler Holly , Vandemaele Katelijn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveWhile the World Health Organization's recommendation of syndromic sentinel surveillance for influenza is an efficient method to collect high‐quality data, limitations exist. Aligned with the Research Recommendation 1.1.2 of the WHO Public Health Research Agenda for Influenza—to identify reliable complementary influenza surveillance systems which provide real‐time estimates of influenza activity—we performed a scoping review to map the extent and nature of published literature on the use of non‐traditional sources of syndromic surveillance data for influenza.MethodsWe searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) for articles in English, French, and Spanish, published between January 1 2007 and January 28 2022. Studies were included if they directly compared at least one non‐traditional with a traditional influenza surveillance system in terms of correlation in activity or timeliness.FindingsWe retrieved 823 articles of which 57 were included for analysis. Fifteen articles considered electronic health records (EHR), 11 participatory surveillance, 10 online searches and webpage traffic, seven Twitter, five absenteeism, four telephone health lines, three medication sales, two media reporting, and five looked at other miscellaneous sources of data. Several articles considered more than one non‐traditional surveillance method.ConclusionWe identified eight categories and a miscellaneous group of non‐traditional influenza surveillance systems with varying levels of evidence on timeliness and correlation to traditional surveillance systems. Analyses of EHR and participatory surveillance systems appeared to have the most agreement on timeliness and correlation to traditional systems. Studies suggested non‐traditional surveillance systems as complements rather than replacements to traditional systems.
Phylogeographical breaks and limited connectivity among multiple refugia in a pan‐Antarctic moss species
Authors: Saługa Marta , Ochyra Ryszard , Ronikier Michał 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe historical biogeography of the Antarctic terrestrial flora remains poorly studied and understood. Long‐term in situ persistence of mosses was demonstrated but region‐wide phylogeographical patterns and processes which shaped extant ranges remain largely unknown. Based on a circum‐Antarctic phylogeography, we aim to explore the location of glacial refugia, especially the possibility of their existence in the continent, patterns of possible connections between extant discrete populations, local colonisation routes and barriers to gene flow, hence relative importance of connectivity and isolation.LocationAntarctica, South America, Australia and New Zealand.TaxonSyntrichia sarconeurum Ochyra & R.H.Zander (Pottiaceae).MethodsWe used a range‐wide, taxonomically informed sampling and multilocus sequencing of nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions. The temporal evolutionary framework, spatial genetic structure and regional diversification were assessed using phylogenetic reconstruction (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference), molecular dating, phylogeographical analyses and reconstruction of ancestral areas.ResultsWe found a striking genetic structure of the Antarctic Syntrichia sarconeurum populations that deviates from previous reports on mosses. The presence of two allopatric cpDNA haplotypes indicated a long‐term isolation of the continental populations. Nuclear ITS revealed three major lineages with a main genetic break largely consistent with plastid data. Significant phylogeographical structure was further supported by NST/FST comparison, raggedness index and mismatch analyses. Diversification of the Antarctic lineages occurred within the Pleistocene, since about 1.36 Ma.Main ConclusionsThe genetic break genetic break revealed in the phylogeographical structure coincides with the Gressit line, a biogeographical separation area between the biota of the Antarctic Peninsula and the main continental Antarctica. It indicates limited connectivity of populations and suggests that S. sarconeurum has survived in multiple refugia both in the peripheral areas of the Antarctic and within the continent over several glacial periods. Differences in genetic diversity observed between these areas may hypothetically reflect asymmetric changes in reproductive mode in the past.
Population dynamics of Amazonian floodplain forest species support spatial variation on genetic diversity but not range expansions through time
Authors: Thom Gregory , Ribas Camila C. , Schultz Eduardo , Aleixo Alexandre , Miyaki Cristina Y. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe distribution and connectivity of floodplain environments along major Amazonian rivers changed considerably over time following physiographic and climatic events. However, how historical alteration in floodplain habitats affected endemic species' demography and diversification is not fully understood. We tested if historical demographic changes of populations occurring on the floodplains of a major Amazon Basin tributary could be associated with range expansions from upper and middle sections of the river, following the establishment of widespread river‐created environments during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.LocationSolimões River, Western Amazon, South America.TaxonMyrmoborus lugubris, Thamnophilus cryptoleucus and Myrmotherula assimilis.MethodsWe explored spatial patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among 13 sampled localities using thousands of UltraConserved Elements. We used a total of 73 individuals of three species with populations restricted to the Solimões River. Range expansions were tested with spatial explicit methods designed to capture variations in allele frequency over space. To test whether the occupation of dynamic habitats could predict spatial patterns of genetic diversity, we quantified habitat preference for the three analysed species by creating a metric of habitat dynamicity over time.ResultsWe found considerable variation in the spatial distribution of the genetic diversity between studied taxa rejecting shared population range expansions related to historical regionalized changes in habitat availability. Species with higher levels of specialization to dynamic environments have a more heterogeneous distribution of genetic diversity and reduced levels of gene flow across space.Main conclusionsThe demographic expansions along the Solimões River might be linked to spatially homogeneous oscillation in the distribution of floodplain environments, promoting effective population size changes but not range expansion. Habitat specificity might be a good predictor of population connectivity along the Amazonian floodplains.
Thriving through adversity: The role of passion and emotions in the resilience process
Authors: Paquette Virginie , Vallerand Robert J. , Houlfort Nathalie , Fredrickson Barbara L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTwo cross‐sectional (Studies 1, N = 283 and 2, N = 275) and one prospective (Study 3, N = 238) studies investigated the role of passion (for academia) and emotions in the process of resilience in the education domain and in life in general.MethodParticipants were examined when facing a stressful situation related to their passion for academia (end‐of‐term exam period and a timed education task).ResultsAll three studies showed that harmonious passion, through its positive relationship with positive emotions, was positively associated with high positive outcomes in the education domain (satisfaction with one's studies, subjective and objective performance in one's studies) and in life in general via the subjective evaluation of one's life and general health indicators (subjective vitality and fewer negative physical symptoms). On the other hand, obsessive passion was related to mixed effects on resilience. Specifically, obsessive passion related to low levels of functioning (Studies 1 and 3) and also hindered the positive outcomes (Studies 1–3) through its positive relationships with positive and negative emotions, respectively.ConclusionsIn sum, under stress, harmonious passion facilitates high resilience across life domains, whereas obsessive passion yields low resilience across the life or no resilience at all.
Associations between violence, self‐harm and acute psychiatric service use: Implications for inpatient care
Authors: McIvor Lucy , Payne‐Gill James , Beck Alison 
Published: September 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Service users who behave violently may suffer. This is because violence can lead to unnecessary medication, seclusion on the ward and strained relationships with other people. It can also affect a service user's self‐esteem and lead to feelings of shame.

Service users who behave violently can also make life frightening and unpredictable for members of staff, and other service users on the ward.

It is important to gain a sound understanding of violence in order to help reduce it.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Previous research has shown that having a past history of violence, being admitted to PICU and being admitted to hospital under section is associated with violent behaviour on the ward.

We identified several new factors associated with violent behaviour, such as engaging in self‐harm, being the target of another person's violence and being referred to a Psychiatric Liaison Team.

Implications for practice

For some service users, behaving violently may be a response to previous trauma and an expression of distress.

It is therefore important that mental health nurses are supported by their employers to work with service users in a trauma‐informed manner.

Nurses employed across a range of psychiatric settings could benefit from direct interventions such as comprehensive trauma‐informed care training and psychological debrief spaces, or systemic interventions to address staff shortages and improve ward conditions.

AbstractIntroductionInstances of violence in acute psychiatric settings are frequent, can be devastating for service users and staff, and are costly. Such settings would benefit from a greater understanding of violence.AimWe analysed the association between current and historical variables and rates of inpatient violence. To address gaps in current research, we included instances of self‐harm and being the target of violence. We also included seldom used service metrics.MethodData were extracted on admissions to acute adult wards and PICUs 2017–2020 within South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. A zero‐inflated negative binomial regression mixed model was used to analyse the impact of variables on rates of violence.ResultsVariables associated with an increased rate of violence were as follows: an increased number of violent incidents in the year before admission, being admitted on MHA section, being admitted to PICU, instances of self‐harm, being the target of violence and referral to a Psychiatric Liaison Team.DiscussionThe novel associations found between enacting violence, self‐harm and being the target of violence indicate trauma‐informed care is crucial to reduce violent presentations of distress.Implications for practiceSystem level interventions are crucial to ensure mental health nurses are supported to provide trauma‐informed care.