bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Spectra and Vorticity Dynamics in a Two-Layer Shallow Water Ocean Model
Authors: Kevlahan Nicholas K.-R. , Poulin Francis J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The dynamically adaptive WAVETRISK-OCEAN global model is used to solve one- and two-layer shallow water ocean models of wind-driven western boundary current (WBC) turbulence. When the submesoscale is resolved, both the one-layer simulation and the barotropic mode of the two-layer simulations have an energy spectrum with a power law of −3, while the baroclinic mode has a power law of −5/3 to −2 for a Munk boundary layer. This is consistent with the theoretical prediction for the power laws of the barotropic and baroclinic (buoyancy variance) cascades in surface quasigeostrophic turbulence. The baroclinic mode has about 20% of the energy of the barotropic mode in this case. When a Munk–Stommel boundary layer dominates, both the baroclinic and barotropic modes have a power law of −3. Local energy spectrum analysis reveals that the midlatitude and equatorial jets have different energy spectra and contribute differently to the global energy spectrum. We have therefore shown that adding a single baroclinic mode qualitatively changes WBC turbulence, introducing an energy spectrum component typical of what occurs in stratified three-dimensional ocean flows. This suggests that the first baroclinic mode may be primarily responsible for the submesoscale turbulence energy spectrum of the oceans. Adding more vertical layers, and therefore more baroclinic modes, could strengthen the first baroclinic mode, producing a dual cascade spectrum (−5/3, −3) or (−3, −5/3) similar to that predicted by quasigeostrophic and surface quasigeostrophic models, respectively.

Significance Statement
This research investigates how wind energy is transferred from the largest ocean scales (thousands of kilometers) to the small turbulence scales (a few kilometers or less). We do this by using an idealized model that includes the simplest representation of density stratification. Our main finding is that this simple model captures an essential feature of the energy transfer process. Future work will compare our results to those obtained using ocean models with more realistic stratifications.
Supervised Classification of Sound Speed Profiles via Dictionary Learning
Authors: Castro-Correa Jhon A. , Arnett Stephanie A. , Neilsen Tracianne B. , Wan Lin , Badiey Mohsen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The presence of internal waves (IWs) in the ocean alters the isotropic properties of sound speed profiles (SSPs) in the water column. Changes in the SSPs affect underwater acoustics since most of the energy is dissipated into the seabed due to the downward refraction of sound waves. In consequence, variations in the SSP must be considered when modeling acoustic propagation in the ocean. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) are regularly employed to model and represent SSPs using a linear combination of basis functions that capture the sound speed variability. A different approach is to use dictionary learning to obtain a learned dictionary (LD) that generates a nonorthogonal set of basis functions (atoms) that generate a better sparse representation. In this paper, the performance of EOFs and LDs are evaluated for sparse representation of SSPs affected by the passing of IWs. In addition, an LD-based supervised framework is presented for SSP classification and is compared with classical learning models. The algorithms presented in this work are trained and tested on data collected from the Shallow Water Experiment 2006. Results show that LDs yield lower reconstruction error than EOFs when using the same number of bases. In addition, overcomplete LDs are demonstrated to be a robust method to classify SSPs during low, medium, and high IW activity, reporting accuracy that is comparable to and sometimes higher than that of standard supervised classification methods.
Evaluating Vertical Velocity Retrievals from Vertical Vorticity Equation Constrained Dual-Doppler Analysis of Real, Rapid-Scan Radar Data
Authors: Gebauer Joshua G. , Shapiro Alan , Potvin Corey K. , Dahl Nathan A. , Biggerstaff Michael I. , Alford A. Addison 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Accurate vertical velocity retrieval from dual-Doppler analysis (DDA) is a long-standing problem of radar meteorology. Typical radar scanning strategies poorly observe the vertical component of motion, leading to large uncertainty in vertical velocity estimates. Using a vertical vorticity equation constraint in addition to a mass conservation constraint in DDA has shown promise in improving vertical velocity retrievals. However, observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs) suggest this technique requires rapid radar volume scans to realize the improvements due to the vorticity tendency term in the vertical vorticity constraint. Here, the vertical vorticity constraint DDA is tested with real, rapid-scan radar data to validate prior OSSEs results. Generally, the vertical vorticity constraint DDA produced more accurate vertical velocities from DDAs than those that did not use the constraint. When the time between volume scans was greater than 30 s, the vertical velocity accuracy was significantly affected by the vorticity tendency estimation method. A technique that uses advection correction on provisional DDA wind fields to shorten the discretization interval for the vorticity tendency calculation improved the vertical velocity retrievals for longer times between volume scans. The skill of these DDAs was similar to those using a shorter time between volume scans. These improvements were due to increased accuracy of the vertical vorticity tendency using the advection correction technique. The real radar data tests also revealed that the vertical vorticity constraint DDAs are more forgiving to radar data errors. These results suggest that vertical vorticity constraint DDA with rapid-scan radars should be prioritized for kinematic analyses.
Static and Dynamic Performance of the RBRargo3 CTD
Authors: Dever M. , Owens B. , Richards C. , Wijffels S. , Wong A. , Shkvorets I. , Halverson M. , Johnson G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The static and dynamic performances of the RBRargo3 are investigated using a combination of laboratory-based and in situ datasets from floats deployed as part of an Argo pilot program. Temperature and pressure measurements compare well to co-located reference data acquired from shipboard CTDs. Static accuracy of salinity measurements is significantly improved using 1) a time lag for temperature, 2) a quadratic pressure dependence, and 3) a unit-based calibration for each RBRargo3 over its full pressure range. Long-term deployments show no significant drift in the RBRargo3 accuracy. The dynamic response of the RBRargo3 demonstrates the presence of two different adjustment time scales: a long-term adjustment O(120) s, driven by the temperature difference between the interior of the conductivity cell and the water, and a short-term adjustment O(5–10) s, associated to the initial exchange of heat between the water and the inner ceramic. Corrections for these effects, including dependence on profiling speed, are developed.
The Relationship between Northeast Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures, Synoptic Evolution, and Surface Air Temperatures over the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Mass Clifford , Randall Calen , Conrick Robert , Ovens David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The development of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the northeast Pacific and their impacts on lower-tropospheric air temperatures over the Pacific Northwest are examined. Northeast Pacific SST anomalies are influenced by the synoptic-scale flow, with high pressure and weak surface winds associated with developing warm SST anomalies, while large pressure gradients and strong surface winds result in SST declines. SST over the northeast Pacific correlates significantly with surface air temperatures over the Pacific Northwest, with correlations increasing when high-frequency variability is filtered out. The correlations between unfiltered time series of SST and surface air temperature are largest for a zero-day lag and are strongest near the coast, contrasting with weaker correlations over the Columbia basin east of the Cascade Mountains. SST correlations with minimum surface air temperature are largest during the warm season, and maximum temperature correlations are highest in March; both have low correlations during autumn. Model simulations of periods with warm and cold northeast Pacific SST anomalies possess lower-tropospheric air temperature warming or cooling over the coastal zone, with SST influence weakening east of the Cascade crest. Eastern Pacific SST anomalies influence sea level pressure and lower-tropospheric heights, with warm SST anomalies resulting in simulated lowered pressure near the surface and increased heights aloft. The relationship between northeast Pacific SST and surface air temperature over land evince complex feedbacks: SST temperature anomalies can be advected inland from the Pacific, the SST anomalies can influence the synoptic-scale flow that affects the SST anomalies, and the synoptic-scale anomalies that produce the SST anomalies can directly influence temperatures over land.

Significance Statement
Understanding the connection between northeast Pacific sea surface temperatures and low-level air temperatures over land is valuable for both subseasonal prediction and for examining the fidelity of model physics.
The Association Between Depression and Death Anxiety Among Older Adults: Moderating Effect of Ego-Integrity
Authors: Woo Jin-Hee , Bae Sung-Man 
Published: July 2022

This study verifies the relationship between depression and death anxiety in older adults and the moderating effect of ego-integrity on this relationship. The survey was conducted with 236 participants aged 65 years and older through a combination of online and offline surveys. The final data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS 2.16. The main findings of this study are as follows: First, depression in old age was positively related to anxiety about death. Second, the moderating effect of ego-integrity was observed on the relationship between depression and death anxiety. Third, on examining the moderating effect of each sub-variable of ego-integrity, the moderating effect of satisfaction with one’s life was observed to be significant. Conversely, the moderating effect of attitude toward life and acceptance of old age was not significant. The results of this study are meaningful in examining the moderating effect of ego-integrity on the relationship between depression and death anxiety. Furthermore, the results of this study can provide basic data for the development and application of psychological intervention programs for older adults experiencing psychological problems due to depression and death anxiety in old age.
Use of a Screening Protocol to Identify Asymptomatic COVID-19 in a Free Community Health Clinic in Shelby County, Alabama, October 2020–February 2021
Authors: Kilgore James R. , Johnston Justin R. , Van Der Pol Barbara , Li Peng , Wilson Mark , Curry William , Selleck Cynthia 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Community of Hope Health Clinic (CHHC), a free and charitable clinic in Shelby County, Alabama, developed a screening protocol to identify patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 with the goal of minimizing infection risk for other patients, health care providers, and staff. We sought to determine whether the use of the CHHC screening protocol identified asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 before their scheduled clinic visits. Methods: The CHHC screening protocol included the use of an adapted Centers for Disease Control and Prevention questionnaire via telephone 48-72 hours before a scheduled clinic appointment, coupled with a second administration of the questionnaire and a temperature check immediately before the patient’s scheduled visit. Patients with positive responses to any questions or whose temperatures were greater than 100.4 °F were refused entry to the clinic, their appointments were rescheduled, and a SARS-CoV-2 test was recommended. SARS-CoV-2 laboratory testing was conducted on all patients with an appointment from October 26, 2020, through February 18, 2021, to verify whether the screening protocol was effective. Results: Of 298 patient encounters, 20 patients screened positive on the SARS-CoV-2 patient screen. Another 278 patients screened negative, were seen for patient care, and received a SARS-CoV-2 test via nasal swab; 274 (98.6%) patients received a negative test result, and 4 (1.4%) patients received a positive test result. Conclusions: The CHHC SARS-CoV-2 screening protocol, as validated by SARS-CoV-2 assay, was effective in screening out asymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 before they were seen in clinic. As clinics and office practices return to prepandemic volumes, the use of such a screening protocol can help mitigate the risk of serious COVID-19 infection, especially for unvaccinated patients, health care providers, and staff.
Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a patient having infertility and mild intellectual disability with a very rare unstable ring chromosome 13
Authors: Kaya Murat , Suer Ilknur , Kalayci Tugba , Karaman Birsen , Ozturk Sukru , Palanduz Sukru 
Published: July 2022

Introduction Ring chromosomes arise from breakage and fusion at distal regions of short and long arms of the chromosomes. The effect of the ring chromosome on the phenotype may vary widely depending on the amount of the deletion in the chromosomal areas and genes implicated in these regions. Case presentation We present a 35-year-old male patient with infertility and mild intellectual disability (MID) who has de novo ring 13 (r(13)) chromosomes. To determine chromosomal abnormality, we performed karyotype analysis, Y chromosome microdeletion analysis, FISH, and aCGH techniques. Conclusion The patient’s karyotype analysis result was mos46,XY,r(13)(p13q34)[75]/45,XY,-13[14]/46,XY,dic (13;13)[8]/47,XY,r(13), + r(13)[2]/46,XY,tetrac r(13;13;13;13)[1]. FISH analysis supported the findings of the cytogenetic analysis. Y microdeletion analysis showed that the AZF region was intact. On aCGH analysis, we detected a 1.5 megabase deletion at the end of chromosome 13, including the CHAMP1 gene. The loss of the CHAMP1 gene, in particular, may explain our patient's MID, and the other deleted genes at 13q34 may explain our patient's infertility.
Fluctuations in children’s self-regulation and parent-child interaction in everyday life: An ambulatory assessment study
Authors: Moschko Tomasz , Stadler Gertraud , Gawrilow Caterina 
Published: July 2022

Self-regulation has mostly been studied as an intrapersonal trait which fluctuates across time and impacts everyday behavior related to individual goal pursuit and achievement. Although it is plausible that self-regulation affects not only individuals but also their social network, there is less research on how self-regulation levels and fluctuations are linked to social processes in daily life, such as interactions between children and their parents. To this end, this study tracked children’s (aged 9 to 11 years; N = 70) self-regulation, and their daily interaction quality with parents, across 54 days, using child and parental self-reports. Participants reported higher interaction quality in dyads in which children showed higher self-regulation levels in comparison to others, as well as on days on which children showed higher self-regulation compared to their typical levels. The extent of this association varied between dyads, which needs to be addressed in future studies. As self-regulation and parent-child interaction quality fluctuate in parallel, this study suggests that researchers should aim to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to develop dynamic self-regulation interventions in family contexts and improve family well-being.
The effects of certain TRP channels and voltage-gated KCNQ/Kv7 channel opener retigabine on calcitonin gene-related peptide release in the trigeminovascular system
Authors: Citak Arzu , Kilinc Erkan , Torun Ibrahim Ethem , Ankarali Seyit , Dagistan Yasar , Yoldas Hamit 
Published: July 2022

Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide release in trigeminovascular system is a pivotal component of neurogenic inflammation underlying migraine pathophysiology. Transient receptor potential channels and voltage-gated KCNQ/Kv7 potassium channels expressed throughout trigeminovascular system are important targets for modulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide release. We investigated the effects of certain transient receptor potential (TRP) channels the vanilloid 1 and 4 (TRPV1 and TRPV4), the ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and metastatin type 8 (TRPM8), and voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv7) opener retigabine on calcitonin gene-related peptide release from peripheral (dura mater and trigeminal ganglion) and central (trigeminal nucleus caudalis) trigeminal components of rats. Methods The experiments were carried out using well-established in-vitro preparations (hemiskull, trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis) from male Wistar rats. Agonists and antagonists of TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1 and TRPM8 channels, and also retigabine were tested on the in-vitro release of calcitonin gene-related peptide. Calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Agonists of these transient receptor potential channels induced calcitonin gene-related peptide release from hemiskull, trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis, respectively. The transient receptor potential channels-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide releases were blocked by their specific antagonists and reduced by retigabine. Retigabine also decreased basal calcitonin gene-related peptide releases in all preparations. Conclusion Our findings suggest that favorable antagonists of these transient receptor potential channels, or Kv7 channel opener retigabine may be effective in migraine therapy by inhibiting neurogenic inflammation that requires calcitonin gene-related peptide release.
Progesterone-induced blocking factor 1 and cytokine profile of follicular fluid of infertile women qualified to in vitro fertilization: The influence on fetus development and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Adamczak Rafał , Ukleja-Sokołowska Natalia , Lis Kinga , Bartuzi Zbigniew , Dubiel Mariusz 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Progesterone is essential for both the initiation and the maintenance of pregnancy. The immunological effects of progesterone are mediated by the progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), which is an immunomodulatory factor with anti-abortive properties. The aim of the research was to establish the cytokine profile and PIBF1 concentration in follicular fluid (FF) of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: Seventy-eight patients who qualified for IVF underwent a detailed medical interview, including the course of fertility treatment and physical, gynecological, and cytological examinations. The concentration of PIBF1, IL-18, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-8, and IL-15 in FF during ovarian puncture was measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Results: IL-1 beta concentration was lower in the FF of patients with successful IVF. IL-8 concentration in FF correlated with the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC-1), metaphase II (MII), and top-quality embryos. PIBF1 concentration had a positive correlation with the number of MII and top-quality embryos. IL-2 and IL-6 concentrations were positively correlated with the number of COC-1 and MII. An important parameter in assessing the chances of successful IVF is the number of top-quality embryos achieved. Conclusion: Higher PIBF1 concentration in FF may indicate a greater possibility of successful IVF due to the higher number of top-quality embryos. IL-1 beta concentration was found to be lower in the FF of patients with successful IVF. Therefore, PIBF1 and IL-1 beta in FF could be candidates for a marker of successful IVF.
Gender in Economics Fifty Years Ago and Today: Feminist Economists Speak
Authors: Kim Marlene 
Published: July 2022

Fifty years ago, women endured blatant discrimination, hostility, and exclusion in economics. Marginalized, they founded institutions that allowed feminist economics to flourish and contributed groundbreaking work. Today, gender is widely accepted in mainstream economics, but feminist economics is not, and discrimination and sexual harassment endures. Changing the culture in economics and embracing diverse perspectives and methodologies will enrich the profession for everyone. JEL Classification: J71, B29, B5, B4
Foreign Direct Investment and the Profit Rate: Empirical Evidence from the European Union
Authors: Groumpos Dimitris , Economakis George 
Published: July 2022

This article aims to explain recent trends of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the developed world, and specifically in the case of the European Union (EU). It includes an empirical analysis of FDI in two distinct EU country groups and finds that the profit rate plays a significant role in determining FDI patterns. It is shown that relatively less developed Eastern EU members have a higher profit rate and thus have established themselves as an attractive FDI destination within the EU. Additional factors that influence FDI are market size, long-term FDI attractiveness, and trade protectionism. Finally, a sectoral analysis of FDI and trade shows that increased FDI in less developed Eastern EU members is mainly of an export-oriented type. JEL Classification: F14, F15, F21, P16
Electronic health record data use in the assessment of quality indicators for glucocorticoid osteoporosis screening in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ko Danette , Forrest Noah , Mai Quan , Pawlowski Anna , Balsley Kate , Chung Anh , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Walunas Theresa L 
Published: July 2022

Objective To determine whether electronic health record (EHR) data components could be identified and used to assess bone health quality indicators in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus as a foundation for population health management. Methods We identified patients in our EHR system who had diagnosis codes for lupus from 2012 to 2017 and characterized them based on the frequency and dosage of prescribed glucocorticoid medications. The medical records of patients who received repeated high-dose glucocorticoid orders were further reviewed for osteoporosis, osteoporotic fractures, receipt of appropriate preventive screening, and orders for protective medications based on established quality indicators. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize results. Results We identified 617 patients with a lupus diagnosis; 414 received glucocorticoid prescriptions, 189 received chronic, high-dose; and 83 received chronic, low-dose prescription orders. Of those with chronic high-dose glucocorticoid prescriptions, 14% had an osteoporosis diagnosis, 3% had an osteoporotic fracture, 51% received a prescription for calcium/vitamin D, 43% had bone mineral density screening orders, 20% received a spine radiograph order, 29% had a documented T-score, 12% received a prescription for osteoporosis medication, and 6% had a documented osteoporosis screening. We were able to identify data elements in the EHR for all nine components of the osteoporosis management quality indicator. Conclusions It is possible to identify data in the EHR for all attributes of the quality indicator for osteoporosis in lupus patients who receive chronic high-dose glucocorticoids. However, missing data and need to extract data from text-based notes may make development of population management tools challenging.