bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Frailty Index is an Independent Predictor of Death in the Burn Population: A Secondary Analysis of the Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation (TRIBE) Study
Authors: Sen Soman , Romanowski Kathleen S , Andre John A , Greenhalgh David G , Palmieri Tina L 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFrailty can increase the risk of dying after suffering a severe injury. The Modified Frailty Index (MFI) was developed by the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to determine the impact of frailty on outcomes. Our aim was to correlate frailty with survival following a burn injury using the 11-item and 5-item MFI. We performed a secondary analysis of the Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation (TRIBE) study. Data including, age, gender, medical history, extent and severity of burn injury, inhalation injury and discharge disposition was collected from the TRIBE database. The 11-item MFI (MFI-11) and 5-item MFI (MFI-5) scores were calculated for all patients in the TRIBE database. The TRIBE database included 347 patients. The mean age of subjects was 43 ± 17 years. Mean total body surface area burn (TBSA) was 38 ± 18%, and 23% had inhalation injury. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined that both MFI-5 (OR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.11–3.11; P-value .02) and MFI-11 (OR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.18–2.8; P-value .007) were independent predictors for mortality. Additionally, MFI-11 scores that are &gt;1 were independently associated with a markedly increased risk of dying after a burn injury (OR 2.91; 95% CI: 1.1–7.7; P-value .03). The MFI can be used to identify vulnerable burn injured patients who are at high risk of dying.
A Pilot Randomized Trial of an Obesity Prevention Program for High-Risk Infants in Primary Care
Authors: Rybak Tiffany M , Modi Avani C , Mara Constance A , Herbst Rachel B , Lauer Brea A , Burkhardt Mary Carol , Stark Lori J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Rapid infant weight gain is associated with later obesity. Novel interventions to prevent rapid infant weight gain that are accessible to infants and families are needed, especially for those at the highest risk. Our aims were to examine: (a) feasibility and acceptability of a responsive parenting intervention delivered via Integrated Behavioral Health (IBH) in pediatric primary care and (b) preliminary effects on infant weight gain from birth to 6 (post-treatment) and 9 (follow-up) months.

Methods
A parallel design, proof-of-concept randomized control trial was conducted with 65 mother–infant dyads (32 randomized to intervention, 33 randomized an IBH attention control focused on promoting healthy mental health), in which the majority identify as Black (80%) and low income (91% receiving Medicaid). Participants and assessors were masked to treatment condition. Outcomes included feasibility (enrollment), acceptability (retention and adherence), and conditional weight gain (CWG), an indicator of rapid weight gain.

Results
The intervention was feasible (90% of eligible families enrolled) and acceptable (89% of families retained), with 81% receiving ≥3 of 4 treatment sessions. A medium effect was found on CWG (d = −0.54 post-treatment, d = −0.57 follow-up), with the infants in the treatment group showing significantly lower CWG (mean = −0.27, 95% CI, −0.63, 0.09) compared to the control group (mean = 0.29, 95% CI, −0.17, 0.76) at 9 months (p = .04).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a responsive parenting obesity prevention intervention within primary care. Delivery in pediatric primary care is advantageous for implementation and reaching at-risk populations. The preliminary effects on CWG are promising and support testing in a larger trial.
A lily membrane-associated NAC transcription factor, LlNAC014, is involved in thermotolerance via activation of the DREB2-HSFA3 module
Authors: Wu Ze , Li Ting , Xiang Jun , Teng Renda , Zhang Dehua , Teng Nianjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe NTL (NAC with transmembrane motif 1-like) transcription factors with a conserved transmembrane motif are members of the NAC family and are important in plant development and in response to stress. However, knowledge of their regulatory pathways is scarce, especially under heat stress. Here, we cloned and identified a novel lily (Lilium longiflorum) NTL gene, LlNAC014, that increases thermotolerance. High temperature repressed LlNAC014 expression but activated its protein. LlNAC014 contained a typical transmembrane motif at its far C-terminus and was normally located on membranes, but under heat stress it entered the nucleus as a transcription factor. LlNAC014 also has a transactivation domain at its C-terminus, and its active form, LlNAC014ΔC, could function as a trans-activator in both yeast and plant cells. LlNAC014ΔC overexpression in lily and Arabidopsis increased thermotolerance, and also caused growth defects; silencing LlNAC014 in lily decreased thermotolerance. LlNAC014ΔC could constitutively activate the heat stress response by inducing the expression of heat-responsive genes, some of which were dependent on the HSF (heat stress transcription factor) pathway. Further analysis showed that LlNAC014 was a direct regulator of the DREB2-HSFA3 module, and bound to the CTT(N7)AAG element in the promoters of LlHSFA3A, LlHSFA3B, and LlDREB2B to activate their expression. Thus, LlNAC014 increased thermotolerance by sensing high temperature and translocating to the nucleus to activate the DREB2-HSFA3 module.
A Case of Massive Fetal-Maternal Hemorrhage: Lessons Learned in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Raymond Caitlin , Grant Bradley , Zahner Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The use of Rho(D) immune globulin in Rh-negative pregnant women has become standard of care, but many practicing clinicians do not know the dosing recommendations for this essential medication. In this article, we describe a case of a 15-year-old girl who presented with intrauterine fetal demise and was found to have massive fetomaternal hemorrhage. Kleihauer-Betke testing results indicated nearly 460 mL of fetal blood in the maternal circulation. The patient ultimately received 4800 µg of Rho(D) immune globulin, a dose that required close coordination with the obstetrical service and pharmacy. Although this is an unusual case of large-volume, potentially chronic, fetomaternal hemorrhage, it is also an excellent illustration of the principles for diagnosing this condition, as well as providing dosing guidelines for Rho(D) immunoglobulin to prevent alloimmunization.
Thermal conduction in clumpy discs and BLR clouds
Authors: Ayad Hussein , Samadi Maryam , Abbassi Shahram 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the dynamics of clumps that coexisted with/in advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) by considering thermal conductivity. Thermal conduction can be one of the effective factors in the energy transportation of ADAFs; hence it may indirectly affect the dynamics of clumps by means of a contact force between them and their host medium. We first study the ensemble of clumps by assuming them as collisionless particles, and secondly we find the orbital motion of these clouds as individuals. For both parts, clumps are subject to the gravity of the central object and a drag force. The strong coupling between clumps and ADAF leads to equality between the average treatment of the clumps and the dynamics of their background. By employing the collisionless Boltzmann equation, we calculate the velocity dispersion of the clumps, which turns out to be approximately one order of magnitude higher than the ADAF. In fact, involving drag force in such a system causes the angular momentum of the clumps to be transported outwards by the ADAF, and hence the clouds eventually will be captured at the tidal radius. The results show that the presence of thermal conduction increases the root of the averaged radial velocity square, and this, in turn, speeds up the process of capturing the clouds through the tidal force. In the end, we focus on a typical individual cloud; the spiral orbits appear only due to the toroidal component of friction force. The parametric study again proves that the operation of thermal conduction helps in decreasing the lifetime of clumps.
Social determinants of health and the transition from advanced chronic kidney disease to kidney failure
Authors: Hundemer Gregory L , Ravani Pietro , Sood Manish M , Zimmerman Deborah , Molnar Amber O , Moorman Danielle , Oliver Matthew J , White Christine , Hiremath Swapnil , Akbari Ayub 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The transition from chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney failure is a vulnerable time for patients, with suboptimal transitions associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Whether social determinants of health are associated with suboptimal transitions is not well understood.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 1070 patients with advanced CKD who were referred to the Ottawa Hospital Multi-Care Kidney Clinic and developed kidney failure (dialysis or kidney transplantation) between 2010 and 2021. Social determinant information, including education level, employment status and marital status, was collected under routine clinic protocol. Outcomes surrounding suboptimal transition included inpatient (versus outpatient) dialysis starts, pre-emptive (versus delayed) access creation and pre-emptive kidney transplantation. We examined the association between social determinants of health and suboptimal transition outcomes using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
The mean age and estimated glomerular filtration rate were 63 years and 18 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Not having a high school degree was associated with higher odds for an inpatient dialysis start compared with having a college degree {odds ratio [OR] 1.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.69]}. Unemployment was associated with higher odds for an inpatient dialysis start [OR 1.85 (95% CI 1.18–2.92)], lower odds for pre-emptive access creation [OR 0.53 (95% CI 0.34–0.82)] and lower odds for pre-emptive kidney transplantation [OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.24–0.96)] compared with active employment. Being single was associated with higher odds for an inpatient dialysis start [OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.07–1.93)] and lower odds for pre-emptive access creation [OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.50–0.89)] compared with being married.

Conclusions
Social determinants of health, including education, employment and marital status, are associated with suboptimal transitions from CKD to kidney failure.
Lack of sufficient evidence to support a positive role of selenium status in depression: a systematic review
Authors: Santos Acsa C , Passos Anna F F , Holzbach Luciana C , Cardoso Barbara R , Santos Marta A , Coelho Alexandre S G , Cominetti Cristiane , Almeida Gessica M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Globally, depression affects more than 322 million people. Studies exploring the relationship between diet and depression have revealed the benefits of certain dietary patterns and micronutrients in attenuating the symptoms of this disorder. Among these micronutrients, selenium stands out because of its multifaceted role in the brain. Objective: To assess the impact of selenium intake and status on symptoms of depression. Data Sources: A systematic search was performed in databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and gray literature (on April 6, 2021, updated on January 28, 2022), without restrictions of date, language, or study type. Data Extraction: Studies of adults (18–60 y of age) with depression or depressive symptoms were included. Data on selenium biomarkers and/or intake were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Data Analysis: Of the 10 studies included, 2 were cohorts (n = 13 983 and 3735), 3 were cross-sectional (n = 736, 7725, and 200), 1 was case-control (n = 495), and 4 were randomized controlled trials (n = 30, 11, 38, and 63). Several studies have indicated that low selenium intake or concentration may be associated with symptoms of depression. However, this association was inconsistent across the studies included in this systematic review; due to the high heterogeneity, it was not possible to perform meta-analyses. The main contributing factors to the high heterogeneity include the different methodological designs, methods for diagnosing depression, selenium assessment, and clinical conditions. Conclusion: Overall, there is insufficient evidence to support a positive role of selenium status in depression. Studies with more accurate methods and adequate assessment of selenium status are needed to better understand the role of this nutrient in depression.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021220683.
Identification of Surgeon Burnout via a Single-Item Measure
Authors: Houdmont J , Daliya P , Adiamah A , Theophilidou E , Hassard J , Lobo D N ,   East Midlands Surgical Academic Network (EMSAN) Burnout Study Group, Ahmed Jamil , Babu Victor , Baker Daryll , Bartlett David , Beckingham Ian , Bhatti Imran , Brooks Adam , Brown Steven , Burke Josh , Byrne Hannah , Chetter Ian , Cook Hannah , Coulston James , Cruddas Lucinda , Dias Richard , Dor Frank , Dube Mukul , Grant Katherine , Hammond John , Hargest Rachel , Joachim Theophilus , Joseph Annie , Kara Naveed , Karavias Dimitrios , Kotecha Sita , Kushairi Anisa , Lal Roshan , Lam Kit , Lasrado Irwin , Lee Rachel , Mann Gurminder , Mannu George , Maxwell-Armstrong Charles , McCaslin James , McDermot Frank , Miller Andrew , Miller Sarah , Morgan Jenna , Nandhra Sandip , Narayanasamy Sangara , O’Brien Patrick , Parry Laura , Peters Kizzie , Pitsika Marina , Psaltis Emmanouil , Sargen Kevin , Sarmah Panchali , Shyamsundar Murali , Reddy Chinnappa , Rollins Katie , Roslan Farah , Shalhoub Joseph , Stanislas Matt , Tan Benjamin , Tewari Nilanjana , Thomas Pradeep , Thomas Tony , Tiernan Jim , Toogood Giles , Trimble Karl , Vauhan Peter , Wheldon Luke , White Steven , White Tim , Wijetunga Imeshi , Wilson Michael , Winterborn Rebecca , Wyld Lynda , Young Lora 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Burnout is endemic in surgeons in the UK and linked with poor patient safety and quality of care, mental health problems, and workforce sustainability. Mechanisms are required to facilitate the efficient identification of burnout in this population. Multi-item measures of burnout may be unsuitable for this purpose owing to assessment burden, expertise required for analysis, and cost.

Aims
To determine whether surgeons in the UK reporting burnout on the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) can be reliably identified by a single-item measure of burnout.

Methods
Consultant (n = 333) and trainee (n = 217) surgeons completed the MBI and a single-item measure of burnout. We applied tests of discriminatory power to assess whether a report of high burnout on the single-item measure correctly classified MBI cases and non-cases.

Results
The single-item measure demonstrated high discriminatory power on the emotional exhaustion burnout domain: the area under the curve was excellent for consultants and trainees (0.86 and 0.80), indicating high sensitivity and specificity. On the depersonalisation domain, discrimination was acceptable for consultants (0.76) and poor for trainees (0.69). In contrast, discrimination was acceptable for trainees (0.71) and poor for consultants (0.62) on the personal accomplishment domain.

Conclusions
A single-item measure of burnout is suitable for the efficient assessment of emotional exhaustion in consultant and trainee surgeons in the UK. Administered regularly, such a measure would facilitate the early identification of at-risk surgeons and swift intervention, as well as the monitoring of group-level temporal trends to inform resource allocation to coincide with peak periods.
Fanon’s Revolutionary Rhetoric
Authors: Norton Anne 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter calls up the heart of Frantz Fanon: his rhetoric of revolution. Fanon’s writing was revolutionary in the fullest sense. He reported on the revolution, called for it, called us to it. He wrote of and for, before and from within the revolution. He reversed orders, he overturned conventions. He operated with particular revelatory power at three sites: the body, language, and in unsettling authority. Fanon made the body a field for the mind’s battles, the terrain on which liberation would be won. Fanon made the politics of language legible and audible. Fanon sought not simply to acquire but also to disseminate authority in language. He made authority questionable: in speech, in writing, in politics. He attempted to preserve the authority of his patients and offered authority to his readers. Fanon did this despite Sartre’s Introductions, which shaped—and distorted—Fanon for generations.
The Origins of Mythography as a Genre
Authors: Pàmias Jordi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the origins and early development of mythography in late archaic and classical Greece. A particular form of the reception of myth, mythographical collections are one of the results of the rapid spread of alphabetic writing, particularly from the 6th century bce onward. The chapter argues that even though the words mythography and mythographer are not attested until much later, these authors were in possession of a category comparable to our “myth” understood as a type of account that belongs to a heritage from which they are separated by a gap, onto which they can cast an objective gaze. Indeed, writing was a necessary instrument for encouraging a new attitude towards tradition. And the use of written prose had lasting effects. Critical intertextuality, a text that responds dialectically to preexisting texts, is consolidated with the transcription of myths by the early mythographers. Their writings respond to the tradition since they place the canonical texts of ancient poetry on the same level as the opinion of a ordinary private individual, who expresses himself in simple, secular prose. Unlike oral transmission, which is more restricted and more suitable for the elites to be able to exercise control over the spread of information, dissemination in writing guarantees a mass circulation of the text that is less controlled and more “democratic.”
Irish Theatrical Song in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Conway Ciara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The eighteenth-century playhouse stage was a crucial site for the dissemination of Irish song, and this was especially so in the case of the theatrical works of Irish actor, dramatist, and songwriter John O’Keeffe (1747–1833), in which Irish song was a notable feature. This chapter considers the emergence of ballad opera, particularly in relation to its use of traditional song, and the use of Irish theatrical song as entr’acte entertainment and musical number on Dublin and London stages. In its closing section, the chapter turns to O’Keeffe’s first main-piece comic opera The Castle of Andalusia (1782) as a case study to evaluate how he not only disseminated Irish song via the playhouse stage but also demonstrated an empowered Irish cultural identity by challenging musical hierarchies and presenting a degree of musical equality between different kinds of cultural tradition within English comic opera.
Poetry and Performance in the Gaelic World, c.1200–c.1650
Authors: Ó Mainnín Mícheál B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers the performance of poetry in the early modern period of the Irish/Gaelic language (c.1200–c.1650). The poets do not comment explicitly on the nature of the vocal component. However, as the social context of the poetry was of great interest to contemporary observers, we consider some of these accounts before turning to issues of patronage, performance, and reception. Related genres, which have survived to some extent in oral tradition, may cast light on the vocal accompaniment of professional poetry as may later eulogy of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, examples of which also survive as songs. In view of the primacy of the text for the professional poets, the musical element which accompanied court poetry may have been simple and flexible, and the number of tunes limited accordingly. Nonetheless, the vocal dimension may have played a role in some instances in bridging the gap between the written and oral traditions, and in the passing of poems from the former to the latter.
System Safety and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Dobbe Roel I. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter formulates seven lessons for preventing harm in artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on insights from the field of system safety for software-based automation in safety-critical domains. New applications of AI across societal domains and public organizations and infrastructures come with new hazards, which lead to new forms of harm, both grave and pernicious. The chapter addresses the lack of consensus for diagnosing and eliminating new AI system hazards. For decades, the field of system safety has dealt with accidents and harm in safety-critical systems governed by varying degrees of software-based automation and decision-making. This field embraces the core assumption of systems and control that AI systems cannot be safeguarded by technical design choices on the model or algorithm alone, instead requiring an end-to-end hazard analysis and design frame that includes the context of use, impacted stakeholders, and the formal and informal institutional environment in which the system operates. Safety and other values are then inherently socio-technical and emergent system properties that require design and control measures to instantiate these across the technical, social, and institutional components of a system. This chapter honors system safety pioneer Nancy Leveson, by situating her core lessons for today’s AI system safety challenges. For every lesson, concrete tools are offered for rethinking and reorganizing the safety management of AI systems, both in design and governance. This history tells us that effective AI safety management requires transdisciplinary approaches and a shared language that allows involvement of all levels of society.
Confronting Cultural Imperialism through Indigenous Archaeology
Authors: Riggs Charles R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cultural imperialism remains deeply imbedded in contemporary archaeological practice and discourse, despite more than a decade of sustained decolonizing influence. This chapter attempts to highlight the importance of increasing Indigenous participation in archaeology. By focusing on ethics, cultural-resource management law, and Western interpretive frameworks in American archaeology, this chapter exposes the aforementioned cultural imperialism in its many guises. In so doing, connections are made between self-centered Eurocentric behaviors related to development and career building and the ongoing legal destruction of Indigenous places. Finally, because of the human rights implications surrounding continued research, it is suggested that archaeology’s cultural imperialism should compel not only Indigenous participation in contemporary archaeology, but some genuine self-reflection by the Anglo archaeologists who continue to dominate the discipline.
Legal Capacity in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Koyama Mark 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the concept of legal capacity and assesses how it is employed in research in historical political economy. It discusses the relationship between legal capacity and state capacity, issues of measurement, and relates the concept to the wider body of research on the rule of law, governance without the state, and legal origins. It uses the concept of legal capacity to shed light on the evolution of legal institutions in medieval England and early modern France.