bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences of patients with chronic low back pain about nonsurgical treatments: Results of a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Morillon Gabin F. , Benkhalti Maria , Dagenais Pierre , Poder Thomas G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to assess patients' preferences of nonsurgical treatments for chronic low back pain (CLBP).MethodWe conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) in Quebec, Canada, in 2018. Seven attributes were included: treatment modality, pain reduction, the onset of treatment efficacy, duration effectiveness, difficulties with daily activities, sleep problems, and knowledge of the patient's body and pain location. Treatment modalities were corticosteroid injections, supervised body‐mind physical activities, supervised sports physical activities, physical manipulations, self‐management courses, and psychotherapy. Utility levels were estimated using a logit model, a latent class model and a Bayesian hierarchical model.ResultsAnalyses were conducted on individuals. According to the Bayesian hierarchical model, the conditional relative importance weights of attributes were as follows: (1) treatment modality (34.79%), (2) pain reduction (18.73%), (3) difficulties with daily activities (11.71%), (4) duration effectiveness (10.06%), (5) sleep problems (10.05%), (6) onset of treatment efficacy (8.60%) and (7) knowledge of the patient's body and pain location (6.06%). According to the latent class model that found six classes of respondents with different behaviours (using Akaike and Bayesian criteria), the treatment modality was the most important attribute for all classes, except for class 4 for which pain reduction was the most important. In addition, classes 2 and 5 refused corticosteroid injections, while psychotherapy was preferred only in class 3.ConclusionGiven the preference heterogeneity found in the analysis, it is important that patient preferences are discussed and considered by the physicians. This will help to improve the patient care pathway in a context of a patient‐centred model for a disease with growing prevalence.Patient or Public ContributionA small group of patients was involved in the conception, design and interpretation of data. Participants in the DCE were all CLBP patients.
An addiction‐based digital weight loss intervention: A multi‐centre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vidmar Alaina P. , Salvy Sarah J. , Wee Choo Phei , Pretlow Robert , Fox D. Steven , Yee Jennifer K. , Garell Cambria , Glasner Suzette , Mittelman Steven D. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryObjectiveThis randomized clinical trial tested the effectiveness of an addiction‐based digital weight‐loss intervention, focusing on withdrawal/abstinence from self‐identified problem foods, snacking and excessive amounts at meals, and discomfort displacement, with and without coaching, compared to an in‐person, multi‐disciplinary, care model among adolescents with obesity. We hypothesized that the digital intervention with coaching would yield greater weight loss and lower delivery burden than the standard clinical arm, and greater participant engagement than the digital arm without coaching.MethodsAdolescents were randomized to app intervention, with or without coaching, or in‐person multidisciplinary obesity intervention for 6 months. The primary outcome was change in %BMIp95 at weeks 12 and 24. A mixed‐effects linear regression model was used to assess the association between change in %BMIp95 and intervention arm. We were also interested in assessing delivery burden, participant engagement and evaluating the relationships between weight change and demographic characteristics, mood, executive function and eating behaviours.ResultsAll adolescents (n = 161; BMI ≥95th%, age 16 ± 2.5 year; 47% Hispanic, 65% female, 59% publicly insured) lost weight over 24‐weeks (−1.29%, [−1.82, −0.76], p < 0.0001), with no significant weight loss difference between groups (p = 0.3). Girls lost more weight than boys, whereas binge eating behaviour at baseline was associated with increase in %BMIp95 when controlling for other covariates. There was no association between ethnicity, mood, timing of intervention in relation to the pandemic, or executive function and change in %BMIp95.ConclusionsContrary with our hypothesis, our results showed no difference in the change in BMI status between treatment arms. Since efficacy of this digital intervention was not inferior to in‐person, multi‐disciplinary care, this could offer a reasonable weight management option for clinicians, based on youth and family specific characteristics, such as accessibility, resources, and communication styles.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT035008353
Yttrium incorporation in Cr2AlC: On the metastable phase formation and decomposition of (Cr,Y)2AlC MAX phase thin films
Authors: Azina Clio , Bartsch Tim , Holzapfel Damian M. , Dahlqvist Martin , Rosen Johanna , Löfler Lukas , Mendez Alba San Jose , Hans Marcus , Primetzhofer Daniel , Schneider Jochen M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein we report on the synthesis of a metastable (Cr,Y)2AlC MAX phase solid solution by co‐sputtering from a composite Cr–Al–C and elemental Y target, at room temperature, followed by annealing. However, direct high‐temperature synthesis resulted in multiphase films, as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction analyses, room‐temperature depositions, followed by annealing to 760°C led to the formation of phase pure (Cr,Y)2AlC by diffusion. Higher annealing temperatures caused a decomposition of the metastable phase into Cr2AlC, Y5Al3, and Cr‐carbides. In contrast to pure Cr2AlC, the Y‐containing phase crystallizes directly in the MAX phase structure instead of first forming a disordered solid solution. Furthermore, the crystallization temperature was shown to be Y‐content dependent and was increased by ∼200°C for 5 at.% Y compared to Cr2AlC. Calculations predicting the metastable phase formation of (Cr,Y)2AlC and its decomposition are in excellent agreement with the experimental findings.
Incidental vocabulary learning from captioned videos: Learners' prior vocabulary knowledge and working memory
Authors: Teng Mark Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the potential of captioned videos, limited attention has been paid to the role of vocabulary knowledge (VK) and working memory (WM) in incidental vocabulary learning under different captioning conditions.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to bridge this gap by assessing VK and WM in incidental vocabulary learning under different captioning conditions.MethodsA total of 101 Chinese primary school students were assigned to one of the three conditions: watch fully captioned videos (n = 33), watch keyword captioned videos (n = 35), and watch videos without captions (n = 33). A vocabulary test measuring recognition and recall of form and meaning served as a pretest, posttest and delayed posttest. The learners also completed tests for VK and WM.Results and ConclusionsThe findings supported that both full captions and keyword captions made significant contributions to the incidental learning of form recognition and initial meaning recall and to the retention of form recognition but not of delayed meaning recall. The parameters of breadth and depth of VK and phonological WM impacted incidental vocabulary learning outcomes. The findings emphasized the important role of full captioning and keyword captioning for incidental vocabulary learning and the need to consider the role of VK and WM in incidental vocabulary learning from captioned videos.TakeawaysCaptioning is a promising tool for vocabulary learning, but individual differences in VK and WM should be considered to maximize the benefits of captioning on vocabulary learning.
Can students evaluate scientificYouTubevideos? Examining students' strategies and criteria for evaluating videos versus webpages on climate change
Authors: Abed Fayez , Barzilai Sarit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundYouTube is widely used for learning about scientific issues in and out of school. However, much of the scientific information on YouTube is inaccurate. Prior studies have mostly focused on how students evaluate textual online information sources and have not yet systematically examined how they evaluate authentic scientific YouTube videos.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine how students evaluate authentic scientific YouTube videos in comparison to scientific webpages.MethodsEighth grade students ranked six YouTube videos on the topic of climate change, justified their rankings, and responded to metacognitive prompts designed to elicit their evaluation criteria and strategies. Students also responded to a parallel webpage evaluation measure. We analysed and compared students' evaluation strategies and criteria. We also examined which evaluation criteria predict students' judgments of YouTube video quality.Results and ConclusionsStudents predominantly relied on evaluation of video content, focusing mainly on criteria of communicative quality and explanation quality. Students tended to neglect source expertise and information validity criteria. Students evaluated videos mostly similarly to how they evaluated webpages. However, affective experiences played a greater role in video evaluation; whereas task relevance and verbal quality played a smaller role. Students' evaluation criteria predicted their judgments of video quality.ImplicationsThe findings suggest that students are unprepared for critically evaluating scientific YouTube videos and that digital information literacy instruction should address this gap. The study also identifies some unique challenges of video evaluation that educators should attend to.
Diverse strategies that animals use to deter intraspecific predation
Authors: Vijendravarma Roshan Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Intraspecific predation is a special case of prey–predator system that is taxonomically widespread. While a heterospecific predator's main goal is to achieve nutrition, intraspecific predation provides conspecifics with other benefits including elimination of competitors for resources and mates. Traditionally intraspecific predation is termed based on the context they occur within, for example egg cannibalism, infanticide and sexual cannibalism. These diverse forms of intraspecific predation and the strategies by which animals are known to deter them are summarized categorically in this review. The diversity of defence strategies animals deploy against conspecific predators is appreciable and raises interesting questions on their evolution for future research.
Abstract
Antipredatory strategies against different kinds of intraspecific predation.
Different, but the same: Inferring the hunting behaviour of the hypercarnivorous bush dog (Speothos venaticus) through finite element analysis
Authors: Ruiz Juan V. , Ferreira Gabriel S. , Lautenschlager Stephan , de Castro Mariela C. , Montefeltro Felipe C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCerdocyonina is a clade composed by the South‐American canids in which the bush dog (Speothos venaticus) is one of the most elusive species. Known for its unique morphology within the group, this small, bear‐like faced canid is the only member of the clade adapted to hypercarnivory, an almost exclusively meat‐based diet currently present only in usually large, pack‐hunting canids such as the grey wolf (Canis lupus). However, much of the biology of the bush dog is poorly understood, and inferences about its ecology, hunting strategies and diet are usually based on observation of captive individuals and anecdotal records, with reduced quantitative data to offer support. Here, we investigated the craniomandibular functional morphology of the bush dog through finite element analysis (FEA). FEA was employed to model the biting behaviour and to create extrinsic and intrinsic functional scenarios with different loads, corresponding to different bites used to subdue and process the prey. For comparison, the same modelling was applied to the skull of a grey wolf and a grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Our analysis showed that the bush dog's responses to loading are more similar to the wolf's than to the fox's in most scenarios, suggesting a convergent craniomandibular functional morphology between these two hypercarnivorous species, despite their distinct phylogenetic positions and body sizes. Differences between the three taxa are noteworthy and suggested to be related to the size of the usual prey. The modelled bite force for the bush dog is relatively strong, about half of that estimated for the wolf and about 40% stronger than the fox's bite. The results strengthen with quantitative data the inferences of the bush dog as a pack‐hunting predator with prey size similar to its own, such as large rodents and armadillos, being specialised in subduing and killing its prey using multiple bites. Its similarity to the wolf also confirms anecdotal accounts of predation on mammals that are much larger than itself, such as peccaries and tapirs. These data highlight the ecological specialisation of this small canid in a continent where large, pack‐hunting canids are absent.
Can behavioral nudges and incentives help lower‐income households build emergency savings with tax refunds? Evidence from field and survey experiments
Authors: Despard Mathieu , Roll Stephen , Grinstein‐Weiss Michal , Hardy Bradley , Oliphant Jane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTax refunds are an opportunity for lower‐income households to accumulate emergency savings so they have cash on hand to cover expenses when income is insufficient. Our field experiments testing different behavioral interventions to encourage refund saving via online tax filing show small effect sizes (0.12–0.14) and a low aggregate savings rate (12%) that might be increased were filers to receive financial incentives. We test a key provision of the Refund to Rainy Day Saving and Financial Security Credit Acts using a survey experiment, finding that hypothetical refund saving jumps from 16% with no financial incentive, to 71% and 80% with 25% and 50% matches, respectively, findings which are mostly insensitive to refund size. Our results suggest that public policies to provide greater financial support—including stronger income supports—will better prepare lower‐income households for financial emergencies than behavioral interventions to nudge refund saving.
Engaging men in maternal, infant and young child nutrition in rural Tanzania: Outcomes from a cluster randomized control trial and qualitative study
Authors: Rothstein Jessica D. , Klemm Rolf D. W. , Kang Yunhee , Niyeha Debora , Smith Erin , Nordhagen Stella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is growing recognition that engaging men in maternal, infant and young child nutrition (MIYCN) interventions can benefit child health and disrupt harmful gender norms. We conducted a cluster‐randomized controlled trial in Tanzania, which engaged men and women in behaviour change via mobile messaging (short message service [SMS]) and traditional interpersonal communication (IPC), separately and in combination. Here, we evaluate intervention effects on individual‐level men's MIYCN knowledge and discuss barriers to male engagement. Eligible clusters were dispensary catchment areas with >3000 residents. Forty clusters were stratified by population size and randomly allocated to the four study arms, with 10 clusters per arm. Data on knowledge and intervention exposure were collected from 1394 men through baseline and endline surveys (March–April 2018 and July–September 2019). A process evaluation conducted partway through the 15–18‐month intervention period included focus group discussions and interviews. Data were analysed for key trends and themes using Stata and ATLAS.ti software. Male participants in the short message service + interpersonal communication (SMS + IPC) group reported higher exposure to IPC discussions than IPC‐only men (43.8% and 21.9%, respectively). Knowledge scores increased significantly across all three intervention groups, with the greatest impact in the SMS + IPC group. Qualitative findings indicated that the main barriers to male participation were a lack of interest in health/nutrition and perceptions that these topics were a woman's responsibility. Other challenges included meeting logistics, prioritizing income‐earning activities and insufficient efforts to engage men. The use of a combined approach fusing IPC with SMS is promising, yet countering gender norms and encouraging stronger male engagement may require additional strategies.
What we talk about when we talk about the long‐term carbon cycle
Authors: Boyce C. Kevin , Ibarra Daniel E. , D'Antonio Michael P. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe terrestrial biota is a crucial part of the long‐term carbon cycle via the deposition of biomass as coal and other sedimentary organic matter and the impact of plants, fungi, and microbial life on the weathering of silicate minerals. Understanding these processes and their changes through time requires both geochemical modeling of the system as well as expertise in the living and fossil biotas and their ecological interactions, but details of these components are often lost in translation between disciplines. Here, we highlight misconceptions of the long‐term carbon cycle that most frequently infiltrate the literature and hamper progress: mass balance requirements, the nature and duration of perturbations, opposing timescale constraints on biological and geological processes, and the role of models.
Three‐dimensional analysis of membrane structures associated with tomato spotted wilt virus infection
Authors: Guo Jiansheng , Wang Guan , Xie Li , Wang Xinqiu , Feng Lingchong , Guo Wangbiao , Tao Xiaorong , Humbel Bruno M. , Zhang Zhongkai , Hong Jian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo study viral infection, the direct structural visualization of the viral life cycle consisting of virus attachment, entry, replication, assembly and transport is essential. Although conventional electron microscopy (EM) has been extremely helpful in the investigation of virus–host cell interactions, three‐dimensional (3D) EM not only provides important information at the nanometer resolution, but can also create 3D maps of large volumes, even entire virus‐infected cells. Here, we determined the ultrastructural details of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)‐infected plant cells using focused ion beam scanning EM (FIB‐SEM). The viral morphogenesis and dynamic transformation of paired parallel membranes (PPMs) were analyzed. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane network consisting of tubules and sheets was related to viral intracellular trafficking and virion storage. Abundant lipid‐like bodies, clustering mitochondria, cell membrane tubules, and myelin‐like bodies were likely associated with viral infection. Additionally, connecting structures between neighboring cells were found only in infected plant tissues and showed the characteristics of tubular structure. These novel connections that formed continuously in the cell wall or were wrapped by the cell membranes of neighboring cells appeared frequently in the large‐scale 3D model, suggesting additional strategies for viral trafficking that were difficult to distinguish using conventional EM.
Prognostic significance of p16, p21, and Ki67 expression at the invasive front of colorectal cancers
Authors: Kin Ryosuke , Hoshi Daisuke , Fujita Hideto , Kosaka Takeo , Takamura Hiroyuki , Kiyokawa Etsuko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCancer cells at the invasive front are believed to be responsible for invasion/metastasis. This has led to examining various morphological features and protein expressions at the invasive front. However, accurate assessment of the pathological section requires long‐time training, and inter‐observer disagreement is problematic. Immunohistochemistry and digital imaging analysis may mitigate these problems; however, the choice of which proteins to stain and the best analysis method remains controversial. We used the “go‐or‐grow” hypothesis to select markers with the greatest prognostic relevance. Importantly, nonproliferating cells can migrate. We used Ki67 as a proliferation marker, with p16 and p21 designating nonproliferating cells. We established a semi‐automated quantification workflow to study protein expression in serial pathological sections. A total of 51 patients with completely resected colorectal cancer (stages I–IV) were analyzed, and 44 patients were followed up. Patients with cancer cells with p16‐high/p21‐low or p21‐low/Ki67‐low at the deepest invasive front demonstrated a significantly worse prognosis than those who did not display these characteristics. These results suggest that the nonproliferating cancer cells at the invasion front possess invasion/metastatic property with heterogeneity of senescence.
Assessment of ductile dike behavior as a novel flood risk reduction measure
Authors: den Heijer F. , Kok M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDikes are an effective flood risk reduction measure in deltaic areas. Present risk analyses consist often of decoupled calculations of probabilities of dike failure and calculation of consequences of flooding given dike failure. However, the flood defense design determines not only the probability of failure, but influences the consequences of flooding as well. Especially when the dike has a ductile failure and breach growth behavior, due to a structural robust design, the consequences of flooding reduce. In this article, we present a novel assessment of risks and investments, valuing structural robustness of a construction type, represented by its ductile behavior during high loads. Therefore, the consecutive occurrence of initial dike failure mechanisms, failure path development, breach growth, and consequences is modeled integral and time‐dependent. The investments consist of the costs to reinforce or reconstruct the flood defense to behave relatively ductile. This integral assessment enables to compare flood impacts of different construction types and different dimensions of designs. We applied it on a case in a riverine area in the Netherlands. The results show that the total societal costs and the individual risks on victims are very dependent on the construction type. The risk profile of a polder protected by a brittle or a ductile dike differs significantly. The brittle sand dike in the case requires larger dimensions than the more ductile dike with a clay core.