bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsequent perinatal outcomes of pregnancy with two consecutive pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Guo Yanni , Xu Xia , Xu Weijiao , Liao Tingting , Liang Jie , Yan Jianying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy. We aimed to explore the different outcomes of women with two consecutive pregnancies with GDM.MethodsThis study included 861 women with recurrent GDM who had two consecutive singleton deliveries at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between May 2012 and September 2020. Data on pregnancy complications and neonatal and delivery outcomes were collected and analyzed.ResultsAmong those women with recurrent GDM, there was no difference in pregnancy complications in index pregnancy vs subsequent pregnancy. Our data revealed there was a significantly higher incidence of thyroid disease in the subsequent pregnancies than in the index pregnancy. (6% vs 10%, p = .003)In subsequent pregnancies, the birth weight was greater than that of the index pregnancy (3296.63 ± 16.85 vs 3348.99 ± 16.05, p = .025); and the incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) was higher than that of the index pregnancy (16.3% vs 20.6%, p = .021). More cesarean sections occurred in the subsequent pregnancy. (32.9% vs 6.6%, p = .039). Postpartum hemorrhage, premature birth, and placental abruption were not significantly different between the two pregnancies.ConclusionsThe results suggest the effect of GDM on thyroid dysfunction may be persistent. Recurrent gestational diabetes results in a higher rate of cesarean delivery, incidence of LGA, and neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in subsequent pregnancies. We need to pay attention to the postpartum thyroid function of pregnant women with GDM. Further studies are still needed on recurrent GDM to reduce this occurrence of admission to NICU.
High‐throughput sequencing reveals soil bacterial community structure and their interactions with environmental factors of the grassland fairy ring
Authors: Wang Jun‐xia , Liu Shan‐shan , Han Shou‐yan , Wang Ai‐ying 
Published: April 2022

SummaryFairy rings (FRs) are common ecological grassland landscapes that have been studied for a long time. However, little is known about their interactions with soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities. This study performed high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3–V4 variable regions of soil bacteria in the three concentric zones of chosen FR, namely, the ON zone, on the ring; IN zone, inside the ring; and OUT zone, outside the ring. Also, the change in physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of the soil were determined. This study found that the nutrients and enzyme activities on the ring were higher than inside and outside of the ring. The activities of microorganisms were frequent and the plant grew splendidly. The bacterial species diversity was the lowest on the ring with the main genera Pseudonocardia, Streptosporangium, Kribbella and Promicromonospora. The imbalance of the microbial community structure at different ring zones may be the driving factor for the continuous outward expansion of FRs. Soil available phosphorus, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen and organic matter positively correlated with the distribution of FR soil bacteria.
Epidemiology and management of abdominal injuries in children
Authors: Chaudhari Pradip P. , Rodean Jonathan , Spurrier Ryan G. , Hall Matt , Marin Jennifer R. , Ramgopal Sriram , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Shah Samir S. , Freedman Stephen B. , Cohen Eyal , Morse Rustin B. , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough more guideline‐adherent care has been described in pediatric compared to adult trauma centers, we aimed to provide a more detailed characterization of management and resource utilization of children with intra‐abdominal injury (IAI) within pediatric centers. Our primary objective was to describe the epidemiology, diagnostic evaluation, and management of children with IAI across U.S. children's hospitals. Our secondary objective was to describe the interhospital variation in surgical management of children with IAI.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 33 hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System. We included children aged <18 years evaluated in the emergency department from 2010 to 2019 with IAI, as defined by ICD coding, and who underwent an abdominal computed tomography (CT). Our primary outcome was abdominal surgery. We categorized IAI by organ system and described resource utilization data. We used generalized linear regression to calculate adjusted hospital‐level proportions of abdominal surgery, with a random effect for hospital.ResultsWe studied 9265 children with IAI. Median (IQR) age was 9.0 (6.0–13.0) years. Abdominal surgery was performed in 16% (n = 1479) of children, with the lowest proportion of abdominal surgery observed in children aged <5 years. Liver (38.6%) and spleen (32.1%) were the most common organs injured. A total of 3.1% of children with liver injuries and 2.8% with splenic injuries underwent abdominal surgery. Although there was variation in rates of surgery across hospitals (p < 0.001), only three of 33 hospitals had rates that were statistically different from the aggregate mean of 16%.ConclusionsMost children with IAI are managed nonoperatively, and most children's hospitals manage children with IAI similarly. These data can be used to inform future benchmarking efforts across hospitals to assess concordance with guidelines for the management of children with IAI.
Ectopic accumulation of ceramide in cardiomyocytes modulates alcoholic cardiomyopathy via the TLR4‐dependent pathway
Authors: Wang Cui , Li Songtao , Liu Qingsheng , Qian Qianyu , Fu Ai , Chen Lin , Zhang Lei , Suzaki Toshinobu , Yu ZhiLing , Dou Xiaobing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsExcessive alcohol consumption predisposes drinkers to develop alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Although cardiomyocyte loss is the hallmark of cardiomyopathy, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study examined the potential mechanism of alcohol‐induced cardiomyocyte death in a mouse model of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.MethodsWe established the alcoholic cardiomyopathy mouse model using C57BL/6J mice and confirmed it via echocardiography and histological examination. The cardiac ceramide content and profile were analyzed with a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer. The molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of ceramide due to chronic alcohol consumption and ceramide‐induced cardiomyocyte death were investigated by in vivo and in vitro models. Finally, we established a TLR4 mutation model to explore the function of TLR4 in CH3/HeJ mice.ResultsCardiac lipotoxicity that followed alcohol exposure resulted mainly in C16:0‐, C18:0‐, and C24:1‐ceramide aggregation. Genes encoding the sphingosine hydrolysis enzymes (SMPD1 and SMPD2) rather than de novo synthetic biomarkers were markedly upregulated. Exogenous ceramide mimics (C6‐ceramide) werenderlying the accumulation of ceramide observed to cause H9C2 cardiomyocyte‐like cell death, which was consistent with results under palmate acid (PA) treatment. As a ceramide precursor, PA induces intracellular ceramide generation through TLR4 signaling, which can be abolished by an inhibitor of ceramide synthesis. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations demonstrated that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of TLR4 attenuated PA‐induced cell death and corresponding ceramide production. Moreover, global mutation of TLR4 in CH3/HeJ mice significantly reduced the accumulation of C24:0, C24:1, OH_C24:1, and total ceramide following alcohol challenge.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that ceramide accumulation plays a crucial role in alcoholic cardiomyopathy, effects that are partially mediated through the TLR4‐dependent pathway.
Environmental drivers of taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles across a chronosequence of tropical grasslands with different cattle grazing removal ages
Authors: Correa César M. A. , da Silva Pedro Giovâni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLivestock is a globally widespread farming practice, with benefits and harms for biodiversity. Biodiversity responses to vegetation and soil conditions associated with cattle grazing removal are poorly understood in tropical grassy ecosystems, especially in a long‐term chronosequence. In this study, we aimed to identify the main drivers of local conditions on dung beetle taxonomic and functional diversity across a chronosequence of natural grasslands with different cattle grazing removal ages. We expect that vegetation and soil variables associated with environmental changes caused by longer time after cattle grazing removal will drive the taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles. We sampled dung beetles and recorded local environmental filters (vegetation and soil variables) in 14 natural grasslands with distinct cattle grazing removal ages (from 3 months to 22 years) and also in 10 reference sites (with cattle grazing). We used structural equation models to evaluate the relationships between the most informative explanations (vegetation and soil variables) of dung beetle taxonomic and functional metrics. Our results provide evidences that local conditions related to vegetation and soil variables in natural grasslands affect the taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles differently. Soil conditions (compaction and silt content) had more influence, mostly negative, on taxonomic metrics, while vegetation complexity had more influence on functional metrics, with positive or negative effects depending on the functional metric evaluated. Understanding the temporal change in vegetation and soil conditions can shed light on the process of recovering biodiversity and ecosystem functions in areas with different times of abandonment of livestock farming. Finally, using taxonomic and functional approaches together can also help to better understand how organisms are responding to the process of abandoning livestock farming over time.
The incidence, hospitalisations and deaths in acutely ill children with dysnatraemias
Authors: Lehtiranta Saara , Honkila Minna , Anttila Silja , Huhtamäki Heikki , Pokka Tytti , Tapiainen Terhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the incidence, hospitalisations and deaths in acutely ill children with dysnatraemias.MethodsThis was a register‐based cohort study of 46 518 acutely ill children aged <16 years who visited a paediatric emergency department. Risk factors were assessed using two nested case–control studies.ResultsModerate to severe hypernatraemia occurred in 92 children (0.20%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16%–0.24%) and moderate to severe hyponatraemia in 131 children (0.28%; 95% CI: 0.24%–0.33%). Underlying medical conditions increased the risk of both moderate to severe hypernatraemia (odds ratio [OR]: 17; 95% 5.5–51) and moderate to severe hyponatraemia (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.0–5.9). The use of a feeding tube (OR: 14; 95% CI: 3.2–66) and intellectual disability (OR: 7.3; 95% CI: 3.0–18) was associated with moderate to severe hypernatraemia. The risk of death was associated with moderate to severe hypernatraemia (OR: 19; 95% CI: 2.0–2564) and moderate to severe hyponatraemia (OR: 33; 95% CI: 3.7–4311).ConclusionsSevere dysnatraemias were more prevalent in acutely ill children with underlying medical conditions and were markedly associated with the risk for death.
Functional and quality of life outcomes of localised prostate cancer treatments (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment [ProtecT] study)
Authors: Lane Janet Athene , Donovan Jenny L. , Young Grace J. , Davis Michael , Walsh Eleanor I. , Avery Kerry N.L. , Blazeby Jane M. , Mason Malcolm D. , Martin Richard M. , Peters Tim J. , Turner Emma L. , Wade Julia , Bollina Prasad , Catto James W.F. , Doherty Alan , Gillatt David , Gnanapragasam Vincent , Hughes Owen , Kockelbergh Roger , Kynaston Howard , Oxley Jon , Paul Alan , Paez Edgar , Rosario Derek J. , Rowe Edward , Staffurth John , Neal David E. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Metcalfe Chris ,   for the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) Study Group
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the functional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes of treatments for localised prostate cancer and inform treatment decision‐making.Patients and MethodsMen aged 50–69 years diagnosed with localised prostate cancer by prostate‐specific antigen testing and biopsies at nine UK centres in the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial were randomised to, or chose one of, three treatments. Of 2565 participants, 1135 men received active monitoring (AM), 750 a radical prostatectomy (RP), 603 external‐beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with concurrent androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) and 77 low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (BT, not a randomised treatment). Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) completed annually for 6 years were analysed by initial treatment and censored for subsequent treatments. Mixed effects models were adjusted for baseline characteristics using propensity scores.ResultsTreatment‐received analyses revealed different impacts of treatments over 6 years. Men remaining on AM experienced gradual declines in sexual and urinary function with age (e.g., increases in erectile dysfunction from 35% of men at baseline to 53% at 6 years and nocturia similarly from 20% to 38%). Radical treatment impacts were immediate and continued over 6 years. After RP, 95% of men reported erectile dysfunction persisting for 85% at 6 years, and after EBRT this was reported by 69% and 74%, respectively (P < 0.001 compared with AM). After RP, 36% of men reported urinary leakage requiring at least 1 pad/day, persisting for 20% at 6 years, compared with no change in men receiving EBRT or AM (P < 0.001). Worse bowel function and bother (e.g., bloody stools 6% at 6 years and faecal incontinence 10%) was experienced by men after EBRT than after RP or AM (P < 0.001) with lesser effects after BT. No treatment affected mental or physical QoL.ConclusionTreatment decision‐making for localised prostate cancer can be informed by these 6‐year functional and QoL outcomes.
Independent distribution between tauopathy secondary to subacute sclerotic panencephalitis and measles virus: An immunohistochemical analysis in autopsy cases including cases treated with aggressive antiviral therapies
Authors: Miyahara Hiroaki , Akagi Akio , Riku Yuichi , Sone Jun , Otsuka Yasushi , Sakai Motoko , Kuru Satoshi , Hasegawa Masato , Yoshida Mari , Kakita Akiyoshi , Iwasaki Yasushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubacute sclerotic panencephalitis (SSPE) is a refractory neurological disorder after exposure to measles virus. Recently, SSPE cases have been treated with antiviral therapies, but data on the efficacy are inconclusive. Abnormal tau accumulation has been reported in the brain tissue of SSPE cases, but there are few reports in which this is amply discussed. Five autopsied cases diagnosed as definite SSPE were included in this study. The subject age or disease duration ranged from 7.6 to 40.9 years old or from 0.5 to 20.8 years, respectively. Cases 3 and 4 had been treated with antiviral therapies. All evaluated cases showed marked brain atrophy with cerebral ventricle dilatation; additionally, marked demyelination with fibrillary gliosis were observed in the cerebral white matter. The brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord were relatively preserved. Immunoreactivity (IR) against measles virus was seen in the brainstem tegmentum, neocortex, and/or limbic cortex of the untreated cases but was rarely seen in the two treated cases. Activated microglia were broadly observed from the cerebrum to the spinal cord and had no meaningful difference among cases. Neurofibrillary tangles characterized by a combination of 3‐ and 4‐repeat tau were observed mainly in the oculomotor nuclei, locus coeruleus, and limbic cortex. IR against phosphorylated tau was seen mainly in the cingulate gyrus, oculomotor nuclei, and pontine tegmentum, and tended to be observed frequently in cases with long disease durations but also tended to decrease along with neuronal loss, as in Case 5, which had the longest disease duration. Since the distribution of phosphorylated tau was independent from that of measles virus, the tauopathy following SSPE was inferred to be the result of diffuse brain inflammation triggered by measles rather than a direct result of measles virus. Moreover, antiviral therapies seemed to suppress measles virus but not the progression of tauopathy.
PHOSPHATE exporter XPR1/SLC53A1 is required for the tumorigenicity of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Akasu‐Nagayoshi Yoko , Hayashi Tomoatsu , Kawabata Ayako , Shimizu Naomi , Yamada Ai , Yokota Naoko , Nakato Ryuichiro , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Okamoto Aikou , Akiyama Tetsu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer‐related death in women. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a chemotherapy‐resistant epithelial ovarian cancer with poor prognosis. As a basis for the development of therapeutic agents that could improve the prognosis of OCCC, we performed a screen for proteins critical for the tumorigenicity of OCCC using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Here we show that knockdown of the phosphate exporter XPR1/SLC53A1 induces the growth arrest and apoptosis of OCCC cells in vitro. Moreover, we show that knockdown of XPR1/SLC53A1 inhibits the proliferation of OCCC cells xenografted into immunocompromised mice. These results suggest that XPR1/SLC53A1 plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis of OCCC cells. We speculate that XPR1/SLC53A1 might be a promising molecular target for the therapeutic treatment of OCCC.
Comparing high school students' attitudes towards borrowing for higher education in England and the United States: Who are the most loan averse?
Authors: Boatman Angela , Callender Claire , Evans Brent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudent borrowing is a major higher education public policy issue, with students in both England and the United States increasingly relying on loans to finance postsecondary education. Our paper examines prospective higher education students' attitudes towards debt in England and the United States. It exploits a unique dataset which allows us to compare students' responses to similar surveys conducted in both countries during the same time period. Our study is the first of its kind to explore how students' borrowing attitudes differ across the two countries. It confirms widespread loan aversion among prospective higher education students in both countries. But students in the United States are more debt averse than their peers in England. These debt averse attitudes also predict lower intentions to pursue higher education, potentially exacerbating existing inequalities in access. We consider how these attitudes to borrowing are likely shaped by each country's distinctive student loan system. We conclude that the design of loans matters. England's income‐contingent loan repayments, in contrast to North America's mortgage style repayments, make borrowing less risky and reduce the impact of loan aversion on participation decisions, while borrowing is more common, and the system less complicated, in England. Thus, there are lessons for other countries considering introducing student loans or reforming their provision. We contribute to the extant literature on the determinants of, and socioeconomic differences in, higher education participation and the overlooked role of student debt aversion.
Diverse pathways to neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jayaraman Anusha , Reynolds Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNecroptosis, or programmed necrosis, involves the kinase activity of receptor interacting kinases 1 and 3, the activation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain‐like and formation of a complex called the necrosome. It is one of the non‐apoptotic cell death pathways that has gained interest in the recent years, especially as a neuronal cell death pathway occurring in Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we focus our discussion on the various molecular mechanisms that could trigger neuronal death through necroptosis and have been shown to play a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and neuroinflammation. We describe how each of these pathways, such as tumour necrosis factor signalling, reactive oxygen species, endosomal sorting complex, post‐translational modifications and certain individual molecules, is dysregulated or activated in Alzheimer's disease, and how this dysregulation/activation could trigger necroptosis. At the cellular level, many of these molecular mechanisms and pathways may act in parallel to synergize with each other or inhibit one another, and changes in the balance between them may determine different cellular vulnerabilities at different disease stages. However, from a therapeutic standpoint, it remains unclear how best to target one or more of these pathways, given that such diverse pathways could all contribute to necroptotic cell death in Alzheimer's disease.
Is switchgrass good for carbon savings? Long‐term results in marginal land
Authors: Zegada‐Lizarazu Walter , Zanetti Federica , Di Virgilio Nicola , Monti Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cultivation of perennial crops in marginal land as a feedstock for renewable energy or bio‐based products constitutes a promising alternative to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions since they can be produced without land competition issues and with potentially significant amounts of belowground C storing. The objective of this study was to assess soil C storage capacity of switchgrass on a marginal land (poor soil with limited rooting depth on a hilly area) through a spatialized analysis derived from several soil samples. A significant increase in SOC was observed after 13 years. In general terms, SOC increased by 12 Mg C ha−1. The estimated switchgrass‐derived C was 12.7 (±5.3) Mg C ha−1. A significant positive correlation was observed between the C derived from switchgrass and SOC gain. The increased SOC along the field, however, was patchy, with the highest increments registered in the center of the field, while the lowest ones in the top and bottom of the hill. Soil N stocks have also increased along with the soil C storage, although no direct relationship with C derived from switchgrass was observed. Therefore, it could be stated that growing switchgrass in marginal land can be a valuable option to mitigate the risk of agricultural land abandonment while storing a significant amount of soil C.
Review: regulation on structure, rheological properties and aroma volatile compounds of fermented chickpea milk by enzymatic catalysis
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhang Shuai , Xie Bijun , Sun Zhida 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe effects of enzymolysis with four different enzymes on the free amino acid content (FAA) and protein subunit composition (SDS‐PAGE) of chickpea milk, as well as the rheological behaviour, microstructure and aroma volatile compounds of fermented chickpea milk (FCM), were investigated. After enzymatic catalysis, 7S and 11SA globulin were all slightly degraded and a certain amount of free amino acids could be released. Moreover, FCM with enzymolysis possessed lower elastic modulus (G′) and viscous modulus (G″) than FCM. The SEM micromorphology and rheological characteristics of FCM hydrolysed with papain (C1 FCM) were substantially improved. Principal component analysis (PCA) results grounded on E‐nose can distinguish the flavour changes in FCM with enzymolysis to some extent. Totally, sixty‐six volatile aroma compounds were detected by GC‐MS. The varieties of volatile aroma compounds in C1 FCM (41) were more than that in FCM (24). These findings indicated that enzymolysis, especially with papain, could be used as an effective method to improve the structure, rheological characteristics and flavour of FCM.