bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances on multi‐dimensional high‐entropy alloy nanoarchitectures: Unconventional strategies and prospects
Authors: Pavithra Chokkakula L. P. , Dey Suhash Ranjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloys (HEAs) inspire exploration toward vast compositional space, enabled through the mixing of multiple elements for the advent of novel materials. Moreover, the unique blend of multiple elements into an alloy form at nanoscale in various morphologies can offer exceptional functionalities with high stability that can significantly tune the physical and chemical properties of the HEAs. However, the combination of multiple elements and their downsizing to multi‐dimensional complex alloy nanostructures with limitless combinations and compositions remains highly rewarding yet intricate. Several strategies have been introduced and demonstrated to widen the scope of multi‐element alloys as zero‐dimensional (0D), one‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D), and three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructures and exemplify their potential as promising materials for various applications. Nevertheless, these are few and insufficient in terms of element combinations, which are mainly limited to noble metals, and dimensionality, mainly as 0D nanoparticles (NPs). This review focuses on key developments and overviews elegant strategies for the development of HEA nanoarchitectures. We predict that these developments will inspire researchers to extend their work, beyond 0D HEA NPs, toward various distinct HEA morphologies with unlimited element combinations, which can provide new avenues for emerging applications and unknown technologies. Finally, we believe that this review can offer future directions and scope for the design and development of new families of HEA nanoarchitectures with vast compositional space in distinct shapes for various unattempted applications using many unexplored methodologies.
Pediatric renal tumor epidemiology: Global perspectives, progress, and challenges
Authors: Libes Jaime , Hol Janna , Neto Joaquim Caetano de Aguirre , Vallance Kelly L. , Tinteren Harm van , Benedetti Daniel J. , Villar Gema Lucia Ramirez , Duncan Catriona , Ehrlich Peter F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPediatric renal tumors account for 3%–11% of childhood cancers, the most common of which is Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma. Epidemiology plays a key role in cancer prevention and control by describing the distribution of cancer and discovering risk factors for cancer. Large pediatric research consortium trials have led to a clearer understanding of pediatric renal tumors, identification of risk factors, and development of more risk‐adapted therapies. These therapies have improved event‐free and overall survival for children. However, several challenges remain and not all children have benefited from the improved outcomes. In this article, we review the global epidemiology of pediatric renal tumors, including key consortium and global studies. We identify current knowledge gaps and challenges facing both high and low middle‐incomes countries.
Agronomic biofortification increases grain zinc concentration of maize grown under contrasting soil types in Malawi
Authors: Botoman Lester , Chimungu Joseph G. , Bailey Elizabeth H. , Munthali Moses W. , Ander E. Louise , Mossa Abdul‐Wahab , Young Scott D. , Broadley Martin R. , Lark R. Murray , Nalivata Patson C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractZinc (Zn) deficiency remains a public health problem in Malawi, especially among poor and marginalized rural populations, linked with low dietary intake of Zn due to consumption of staple foods that are low in Zn content. The concentration of Zn in staple cereal grain can be increased through application of Zn‐enriched fertilizers, a process called agronomic biofortification or agro‐fortification. Field experiments were conducted at three Agricultural Research Station sites to assess the potential of agronomic biofortification to improve Zn concentration in maize grain in Malawi as described in registered report published previously. The hypotheses of the study were (i) that application of Zn‐enriched fertilizers would increase in the concentration of Zn in maize grain to benefit dietary requirements of Zn and (ii) that Zn concentration in maize grain and the effectiveness of agronomic biofortification would be different between soil types. At each site two different subsites were used, each corresponding to one of two agriculturally important soil types of Malawi, Lixisols and Vertisols. Within each subsite, three Zn fertilizer rates (1, 30, and 90 kg ha−1) were applied to experimental plots, using standard soil application methods, in a randomized complete block design. The experiment had 10 replicates at each of the three sites as informed by a power analysis from a pilot study, published in the registered report for this experiment, designed to detect a 10% increase in grain Zn concentration at 90 kg ha−1, relative to the concentration at 1 kg ha−1. At harvest, maize grain yield and Zn concentration in grain were measured, and Zn uptake by maize grain and Zn harvest index were calculated. At 30 kg ha−1, Zn fertilizer increased maize grain yields by 11% compared with nationally recommended application rate of 1 kg ha−1. Grain Zn concentration increased by 15% and uptake by 23% at the application rate of 30 kg ha−1 relative to the national recommendation rate. The effects of Zn fertilizer application rate on the response variables were not dependent on soil type. The current study demonstrates the importance of increasing the national recommendation rate of Zn fertilizer to improve maize yield and increase the Zn nutritional value of the staple crop.
Functional characterization of developmentally critical genes in the white‐backed planthopper: Efficacy of nanoparticle‐based dsRNA sprays for pest control
Authors: Guo Huan , Liu Xuan‐Zheng , Long Gui‐Jun , Gong Lang‐Lang , Zhang Meng‐Qi , Ma Yun‐Feng , Hull J. Joe , Dewer Youssef , He Ming , He Peng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), zinc finger homeodomain‐2 (zfh‐2), Abdominal‐A (Abd‐A), and Abdominal‐B (Abd‐B) regulate the growth and development of the insect abdomen. However, their potential roles in pest control have not been fully assessed. The development of insecticide resistance to multiple chemistries in the white‐backed planthopper (WBPH), a major pest of rice, has prompted interest in novel pest control approaches that are ecologically friendly. Although pest management approaches based on double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐mediated RNA interference (RNAi) have potential, their susceptibility to degradation limits large‐scale field applications. These limitations, however, can be overcome with nanoparticle–dsRNA complexes that have greater environmental stability and improved cellular uptake.RESULTSIn this study, at 5 days post‐injection, transcripts for the four gene targets were reduced relative to controls and all of the experimental groups exhibited significant phenotypic defects and increased mortality. To evaluate the potential of these gene targets for field applications, a nanocarrier–dsRNA spray delivery system was assessed for RNAi efficacy. At 11 days post‐spray, significant phenotypic defects and increased mortality were observed in all experimental groups.CONCLUSIONTaken together, the results confirm the suitability of the target genes (SfEGFR, Sfzfh‐2, SfAbd‐A, and SfAbd‐B) for pest management and demonstrate the efficacy of the nanocarrier spray system for inducing RNAi‐mediated knockdown. As such, the study lays the foundation for the further development and optimization of this technology for large‐scale field applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fully distributed event‐triggered asymptotic attitude coordination of multiple spacecraft systems with disturbances
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Wang Chenliang , Zhang Jianchun , Qiao Jianzhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article studies the leader‐following attitude coordination problem of a group of rigid spacecraft subject to communication constraint, disturbances and uncertain control coefficient matrices. A fully distributed adaptive anti‐disturbance attitude coordinated control scheme with event‐triggering mechanism is developed. First, the event‐triggered adaptive distributed observer is designed for each follower to estimate the leader's information without continuous communication requirement. Based on the estimated information, the adaptive anti‐disturbance attitude tracking controller is designed such that asymptotic coordinated tracking can be achieved under additive disturbances and actuators' partial loss of efficiency. The proposed control scheme ensures that all the closed‐loop signals are bounded and the positive lower bound of inter‐event times exists in each subsystem. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed control scheme.
Designed Complex Peptide‐Based Adaptive Systems: A Bottom‐Up Approach
Authors: Kassem Salma , Ulijn Rein V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSystems chemistry represents a shift from studying molecules in isolation to studying the collective behavior of mixtures or ensembles of reacting and interacting molecules. This research direction provides new ways to build and understand collective chemical properties and emergent functions that are inaccessible using conventional, reductionist, chemistry approaches. This field exemplifies fundamental connections between chemistry and biology, and has the potential to give rise to completely new ways for chemists to approach and resolve wide‐ranging issues related to all aspects of living systems, that themselves are complex systems. Short peptides, while simple in design, carry rich and versatile information encoded in sequence specific side‐chain interactions, that makes it possible to access a high level of complex, information rich systems with emergent properties from Life's simplified building blocks. This review focuses on recent developments in the synthesis of complex adaptive systems based on peptides, where multiple components are designed to cooperatively interact, react and collectively adapt to their context.
Biological elemental analysis: A cute‐meet of microfluidic device to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Bai Junjie , Wang Rui , Wei Xing , Chen Mingli , Yang Ting , Wang Jianhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe elemental analysis in disease diagnosis and biomedicine screening generally aims at alleviating the difficulties of sample pretreatment techniques, elucidating the distribution and speciation information of elements in bio‐samples as well as elevating resolution of multidimensional elemental profiling. The integration of microfluidic techniques with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) has been demonstrated to possess great potential in these aspects due to the versatile microstructure design, rapid sample pretreatment, extremely low sample consumption, and high‐sensitivity/high‐throughput elemental detection capability. Herein, an overview of the advancements in microfluidic‐based ICP‐MS for precise biological elemental determination is provided. A few microfluidic approaches for multiplex and effective manipulation of clinical samples followed by detection with ICP‐MS are highlighted, that is, high spatiotemporal resolution sampling, high‐purity elemental microextraction device, and high signal‐to‐noise ratio elemental analysis. In addition, other front‐end techniques are discussed for converting various types of samples into a suitable form for detection, for example, laser ablation and time of flight MS. The opportunities and outstanding challenges of microfluidic‐based ICP‐MS elemental investigations in clinical diagnosis and biomedical studies are also depicted.
Ampullary carcinoma in a sloth bear (Melursus ursinus)
Authors: McLean Kanyon , Pope Jenny P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 26‐year‐old, 126‐kg (277‐lb), entire, female sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) was evaluated following a 2‐week history of hyporexia and lethargy. Diagnostic work‐up revealed peritoneal effusion and elevated liver enzymes. Abdominal exploratory surgery revealed a firm omental mass, a focal lesion within the wall of the pyloric outflow tract and a uniformly thickened gall bladder. Biopsy results were indicative of carcinomatosis with an undetermined primary. These results along with the patient's quick deterioration led to humane euthanasia. Postmortem histopathological examination supported the diagnosis of ampullary carcinoma with carcinomatosis, extensive lymphatic invasion and lymph node, hepatic and pulmonary metastasis. Further investigation is needed to determine best diagnostic modalities and treatment options in ursids diagnosed with ampullary carcinoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documented report of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater in an ursid.
Soziales Wohlbefinden Geflüchteter als Voraussetzung für das Bleiben in ländlichen Regionen
Authors: Glorius Birgit , Bürer Miriam , Kordel Stefan , Schammann Hannes , Schneider Hanne , Weidinger Tobias , Younso Christin 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel thematisiert den Faktor des sozialen Wohlbefindens als Voraussetzung zum Aufbau von positiven Bindungen, welche wiederum den längerfristigen Verbleib an dem ländlichen Wohnort fördern können. Soziales Wohlbefinden steht in einem dialektischen Verhältnis zwischen der Erfüllung der eigenen Wünsche und der Einordnung in einen spezifischen sozialen Kontext. Damit verbunden ist auch die Reflexion der Außenwahrnehmung, d. h. insbesondere die wahrgenommene Bewertung der eigenen Person bzw. Gruppe. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse widmen sich der Frage, wie das soziale Wohlbefinden von Geflüchteten gefördert werden kann, bzw. wodurch es behindert wird. Das Kapitel untersucht diese Frage aus der Perspektive verschiedener Akteursgruppen, diskutiert Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der Betrachtung sowie die Konsequenzen, die daraus resultieren.
Metric reconstruction from celestial multipoles
Authors: Compère Geoffrey , Oliveri Roberto , Seraj Ali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The most general vacuum solution to Einstein’s field equations with no incoming radiation can be constructed perturbatively from two infinite sets of canonical multipole moments, which are found to be mapped into each other under gravitational electric-magnetic duality at the non-linear level. We demonstrate that in non-radiative regions such spacetimes are completely characterized by a set of conserved celestial charges that consist of the Geroch-Hansen multipole moments, the generalized BMS charges and additional celestial multipoles accounting for subleading memory effects. Transitions among non-radiative regions, induced by radiative processes, are therefore labelled by celestial charges, which are identified in terms of canonical multipole moments of the linearized gravitational field. The dictionary between celestial charges and canonical multipole moments allows to holographically reconstruct the metric in de Donder, Newman-Unti or Bondi gauge outside of sources.
Bootstrapping conformal QED3 and deconfined quantum critical point
Authors: Li Zhijin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We bootstrap the deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) and 3D Quantum Electrodynamics (QED3) coupled to Nf flavors of two-component Dirac fermions. We show the lattice and perturbative results on the SO(5) symmetric DQCP are excluded by the bootstrap bounds with an assumption that the lowest singlet scalar is irrelevant. Remarkably, we discover a new family of kinks in the 3D SO(N) vector bootstrap bounds with N ⩾ 6. We demonstrate coincidences between SU(Nf) adjoint and $$ \textrm{SO}\left({N}_f^2-1\right) $$
SO

N
f
2

−
1

vector bootstrap bounds due to a novel algebraic relation between the crossing equations. By introducing gap assumptions breaking the $$ \textrm{SO}\left({N}_f^2-1\right) $$
SO

N
f
2

−
1

symmetry, the SU(Nf) adjoint bootstrap bounds with large Nf converge to the 1/Nf perturbative results of QED3. Our results provide strong evidence that the SO(5) DQCP is not continuous and the critical flavor number of QED3 is slightly above 2: $$ {N}_f^{\ast}\in \left(2,4\right) $$

N
f
∗

∈

2
4

. Bootstrap results near $$ {N}_f^{\ast } $$

N
f
∗

are well consistent with the merger and annihilation mechanism for the loss of conformality in QED3.
Identifying the mechanisms of DO-scale oscillations in a GCM: a salt oscillator triggered by the Laurentide ice sheet
Authors: Armstrong Edward , Izumi Kenji , Valdes Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe driver mechanisms of Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events remain uncertain, in part because many climate models do not show similar oscillatory behaviour. Here we present results from glacial simulations of the HadCM3B coupled atmosphere–ocean-vegetation model that show stochastic, quasi-periodical variability on a similar scale to the DO events. This variability is driven by variations in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in response to North Atlantic salinity fluctuations. The mechanism represents a salt oscillator driven by the salinity gradient between the tropics and the Northern North Atlantic. Utilising a full set of model salinity diagnostics, we identify a complex ocean–atmosphere-sea-ice feedback mechanism that maintains this oscillator, driven by the interplay between surface freshwater fluxes (tropical P-E balance and sea-ice), advection, and convection. The key trigger is the extent of the Laurentide ice sheet, which alters atmospheric and ocean circulation patterns, highlighting the sensitivity of the climate system to land-ice extent. This, in addition to the background climate state, pushes the climate beyond a tipping point and into an oscillatory mode on a timescale comparable to the DO events.
Network meta-analysis of sacubitril/valsartan for the treatment of essential hypertension
Authors: Zhang Yaling , Zhao Xiaoyu , Huang Hao , Li Ming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aim
Sacubitril/valsartan has been demonstrated to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients, but the best dose remains unclear. We performed this network meta-analysis to determine the comparative efficacy and safety of three available doses of sacubitril/valsartan (i.e., 100, 200, and 400 mg).

Methods and results
We searched four databases for relevant studies published before January 2022. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the sitting position (msSBP and msDBP) and ambulatory condition (24-h maSBP and maDBP) and adverse events (AEs) were assessed. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 5474 patients were included. Sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg once daily was slightly better than 400 mg once daily in lowering 24-h maDBP (MD, 1.31 mmHg; 95% CI 0.61–2.01 mmHg), slightly better than 100 mg once daily in lowering 24-h maSBP (MD, − 3.70 mmHg; 95% CI  − 6.22 to − 1.18 mmHg) and 24-h maDBP (MD, − 2.98; 95% CI − 5.11 to − 0.85), and slightly better than Valsartan 160 mg once daily in lowering 24-h maSBP (MD, − 3.23 mmHg; 95% CI, − 5.25 to − 1.21). 400 mg once daily of sacubitril/valsartan was better than 200 mg once daily in lowering msDBP (MD, − 9.38 mmHg; 95% CI − 17.79 to − 0.97 mmHg). Interestingly, 400 mg once daily of sacubitril/valsartan had fewer trial-specified AEs than 200 mg once daily (OR, 0.74; 95%CI 0.55–0.99). There was no statistical difference for the remaining comparisons.

Conclusions
In hypertensive patients, 200 mg once daily of sacubitril/valsartan may exert a greater reduction in ambulatory blood pressure than 100 mg once daily and 200 mg once daily may not be inferior to 400 mg once daily. Moreover, it is not clear that sacubitril/valsartan lowers blood pressure more than an angiotensin receptor blocker. Further trials are required to determine the incremental value of sacubitril/valsartan as an anti-hypertensive agent.

Graphical abstract
Cough Characteristics and Healthcare Journeys of Chronic Cough Patients in Community-Based Populations in South Korea and Taiwan
Authors: Song Woo-Jung , Yu Chong-Jen , Kang Suk Hyun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to understand the cough characteristics and health journeys among community-based chronic cough (CC) patients, and their characteristics associated with healthcare visits.

Methods
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020, using the South Korea and Taiwan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) and CC surveys. Patients with current CC were defined by daily coughing for > 8 weeks in the past 12 months and currently coughing at the time of survey. The survey items pertained to CC patients’ treatment journey and cough characteristics.

Results
Patients with current CC in South Korea and Taiwan, respectively, had cough duration for 3.45 ± 5.13 years and 5.75 ± 7.28 years and cough severity visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of 4.50 ± 2.15 and 4.46 ± 1.92 out of 0–10 scale, with 70.3% and 57.9% having spoken with a physician about cough. Compared to CC patients who had not visited healthcare professionals for cough, those who visited reported more severe cough (VAS: 3.89 ± 1.71 vs. 4.6 ± 2.02; p = 0.009), worse cough-specific quality of life (Leicester Cough Questionnaire: 16.20 ± 3.23 vs.13.45 ± 2.68, p < 0.001), greater symptom severity (Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire: 16.73 ± 15.16 vs. 24.57 ± 13.38; p < 0.001), and more urinary incontinence (13.6 vs. 26.5%, p = 0.027). More than 50% of patients perceived cough medication(s) as not or a little useful and 25% felt their physicians did not well understand how CC impacts their life.

Conclusion
Cough is frequently severe and persistent among community-based CC patients. They experience several issues in their health journey, including treatment ineffectiveness and physician’s understanding. Further efforts are warranted to reduce CC burden in the community.
Clothing air gaps in various postures in firefighters’ work
Authors: Psikuta Agnes , Sherif Fawzy , Mert Emel , Mandal Sumit , Annaheim Simon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBoth the physical properties of the fabric materials used in clothing and the effective design of the clothing, primarily in terms of the air gap thickness, restrict the transmission of the thermal energy from the heat source to the firefighter’s body. The air gap distribution over the body in real deployment conditions of firefighters will vary, and is likely to be different from the air gap distribution in standardised manikin tests in standing upright posture. In this study, we investigated differences in the distribution of air layers in firefighters' clothing in three postures reflecting realistic on-duty exposure conditions (crawling, hose-holding, and standing upright used in laboratory tests) using 3D body scanning technology. The body posture induced substantial changes in the air gap thickness on the upper body (chest and back) and lower body. These changes were reflected in both the thermal and evaporative resistance of the ensemble, and consequently, in their potential thermal performance in the field. Therefore, it is recommended to consider body postures during the evaluation of clothing protective performance. Secondly, the knowledge of local clothing properties in real-life exposure provides a true protection mapping and gives design inputs to improve the local protective properties of firefighters' clothing.