bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes und kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse
Authors: Darius Harald 
Published: August 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei Diabetes kommt es in Abhängigkeit von Dauer und Einstellung zu zahlreichen hämostaseologischen Veränderungen, die in einen prothrombotischen Status resultieren und zur hohen kardiovaskulären Ereignisrate beitragen. Zur Reduktion der Ereignisrate wird eine prophylaktische Gabe von Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) diskutiert. Entscheidend ist dabei ein positiver Nettoeffekt, dies bedeutet, dass mehr kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse verhindert als Blutungen verursacht werden. Nach einem kardialen Ereignis ist das ischämische Risiko deutlich höher, sodass die Kombination aus 2 Thrombozyteninhibitoren (DAPT) für eine begrenzte Dauer verschrieben wird. Bei besonders hohem Risiko und niedrigem Blutungsrisiko kann die DAPT fortgesetzt oder eine Dual-Pathway Therapie mit ASS und niedrig dosiertem Rivaroxaban eingesetzt werden. Bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen von Vorhofflimmern steht die Fortsetzung der oralen Antikoagulation mit einem NOAK (Neue orale Antikoagulanzien) im Vordergrund und die Thrombozyteninhibitortherapie wird in deutlich reduzierter Dauer und Intensität empfohlen.
Design and Synthesis of a Flavin–Samarium Complex as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Sulfoxidation Reactions
Authors: Mishra Ashutosh Kumar , Mouli M. S. S. Vinod , Katyal Sahil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report the effect of samarium complexation of a modified flavin entity in displaying efficient photocatalytic activity toward sulfoxidation reactions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies were performed for the structural characterization of the photocatalyst. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies were undertaken to better understand the nature of the complex when compared with the nonmetalated flavin moiety. The catalytic efficiency was maximal in 2:8 water–2,2,2-trifluoroethanol using 1 mol% of the catalyst in the presence of blue LED light under an oxygen atmosphere. Insignificant product formation was observed with the nonmetalated flavin moiety. A wide range of sulfides were used to explore the substrate scope.
A Concise Total Synthesis of Steroid Scaffolds via a Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomatization Cyclization
Authors: Guo Lei , Tang Wenjun , Huang Zhangwei , Pan Xianhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA concise total synthesis to generate synthetically challenging steroids scaffolds is reported utilizing palladium-catalyzed dearomatization cyclization for the key cyclization step, enabling the divergent synthesis of 6,6,6,5-tetracyclic steroids cores through both ligand and reaction condition control. We have started from the simple starting materials 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid and 2-methylcyclopentane-1,3-dione to selectively generate complex steroid scaffolds in a 12-step operation.
New methods for analysing diachronic suffix competition across registers
Authors: Rodríguez-Puente Paula , Säily Tanja , Suomela Jukka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper tracks stylistic variation in the use of two roughly synonymous suffixes, the Romance -ityand the native -ness, during the Early Modern English period. We seek to verify from a statistical viewpoint the claims ofRodríguez-Puente (2020), who reports on a decrease of -nessin favour of -ityin registers representative of the speech-written and formal-informal continua at that time. To this end, we develop new methods of statistical and visual analysis that enable diachronic comparisons of competing processes across subcorpora, building upon an earlier method bySäily and Suomela (2009). Our results confirm that -itygained ground first in written registers and then spread towards speech-related registers, and we are able to time this change more accurately thanks to a novel periodisation. We also provide strong statistical support indicating that the proportion of -itywas significantly higher in legal registers than in other registers.
Deflection and gravitational lensing of null and timelike signals in the Kiselev black hole spacetime in the weak field limit
Authors: Liu Haotian , Liang Jinning , Jia Junji 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work we study the deflection and gravitational lensing of null and timelike signals in the Kiselev spacetime in the weak field limit, to investigate the effects of the equation of state parameter ω and the matter amount parameter α. In doing this, we extend a perturbative method previously developed for asymptotically flat spacetimes whose metric functions have integer-power asymptotic expansions to the case that may or may not be asymptotically flat but with non-integer power expansions. It is found that in the asymptotically flat case (−1/3 < ω < 0) the deflection angles are expressable as quasi-power series of the dimensionless quantities M/b, b/r
s,d and α/M
1+3ω
where M, b, r
s,d are respectively the lens mass, impact parameter and source/detector radius. A similar series exists for the non-asymptotically flat case of (−1 < ω < −1/3), but with the closest radius r
0 replacing b. In the asymptotically flat (or non-flat) case, the increase of α or decrease of ω will increase (or increase) the deflection angle. Since the obtained deflection angles naturally take into account the finite distance effect of the source and the detector, we can establish an exact gravitational lensing equation, from which the apparent angles of the images and their magnifications are solved. It is found that generally for the asymptotically flat case, increasing α or decreasing ω will increase the apparent angles of the images. While for the non-asymptotically flat case, increasing α or ω will both lead to smaller apparent angles.
High performance telescope system design for the TianQin project
Authors: Fan Zichao , Zhao Lujia , Cao Shengyi , Peng Jianguo , Ji Huiru , Zhu Zhengbo , Wei Shili , Mo Yan , Chen Hanyuan , Ma Donglin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
China is planning to construct a new space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) observatory, the TianQin project, in which the spaceborne telescope is an important component in laser interferometry. The telescope is aimed to transmit laser beams between the spacecrafts for the measurement of the displacements between proof-masses in long arms. The telescope should have ultra-small wavefront deviation to minimize noise caused by pointing error, ultra-stable structure to minimize optical path noise caused by temperature jitter, ultra-high stray light suppression ability to eliminate background noise. In this paper, we realize a telescope system design with ultra-stable structure as well as ultra-low wavefront distortion for the space-based GW detection mission. The design requirements demand extreme control of high image quality and extraordinary stray light suppression ability. Based on the primary aberration theory, the initial structure design of the mentioned four-mirror optical system is explored. After optimization, the maximum RMS wavefront error is less than λ/300 over the full field of view, which meets the noise budget on the telescope design. The stray light noise caused by the back reflection of the telescope is also analyzed. The noise at the position of optical bench is less than 10−10 of the transmitted power, satisfying the requirements of space GW detection. We believe that our design can be a good candidate for TianQin project, and can also be a good guide for the space telescope design in any other similar science project.
Cavity QED photons for quantum information processing
Authors: Alqahtani Moteb M , Everitt Mark S , Garraway Barry M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on a cavity QED framework, we theoretically describe a universal set of logic gates which are implemented by passing a multi-level atom initially in its ground state through a multi-mode cavity. The qubits are encoded on the cavity modes and the atom plays the role of an ancilla which will not be entangled with the final result of a gate operation. We apply the multiphoton resonance theory of Shore to develop effective two- and three-level Hamiltonians, so that the proper values for detunings, coupling coefficients, and interaction times for gate operations can be determined. This enables us to examine a faster iSWAP gate than our previous study and to examine numerically the effects of decoherence on both the iSWAP gate and our previously presented Fredkin gate which used the same multi-mode approach. We also present results that show how conditional measurements of the ancilla atom can improve gate fidelities in these cases.
The superposed electric field effect on the charge transport and polaron formation in molecular crystals
Authors: Morais D , de Brito P E , Nazareno H N , Dias W S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the polaron formation and its mobility in a one-dimensional molecular crystal subjected to superposed static and harmonic electric fields. Such molecular chain exhibits intermolecular vibrational degrees of freedom, which makes the carrier-lattice interaction an important parameter of the system. By exploring field settings in which the preferential transport occurs, we show the existence of different small polaron formations, including those that travel close to the sound velocity or that are stationary by self-trapping. Electric fields magnitudes and carrier-lattice coupling have also been analyzed, which allowed to show a phase diagram that describes the existing regimes. In addition to thresholds between the mobile and stationary polaron regimes, this phase diagram unveils an unusual aspect: a metastable polaron formation.
Phase-field simulation for the formation of porous microstructures due to phase separation in polymer solutions on substrates with different wettabilities
Authors: Farzaneh Kalourazi Saeideh , Wang Fei , Zhang Haodong , Selzer Michael , Nestler Britta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The porous microstructure has been widely observed in a variety of polymer solutions that have been broadly applied in many industry fields. Phase separation is one of the common mechanisms for the formation of the porous microstructure in binary polymeric mixtures. Previous studies for the formation of porous microstructures mostly focus on the separation of the bulk phase. However, there is a paucity of investigation for the phase separation of polymer mixtures contacting the solid substrate. When the polymeric liquid mixtures interact with the solid substrate, the wetting boundary condition has to be taken into account. In this work, we present a phase-field model which is coupled with the wetting boundary condition to study the phase separation in binary polymer solutions. Our consideration is based on the polymerization-induced phase separation, and thermally induced phase separation by using the Flory–Huggins model. By taking the wetting effect into account, we find that polymer droplets spontaneously occur in the microstructure, even though the bulk composition is outside the spinodal region. This phenomenon is caused by the surface composition resulting from the wetting effect that was often overlooked in literature. For the phase separation in the binary polymer mixture, we also study the impact of the temperature gradient on the microstructural evolution. The porosity, the number of droplets, and the mean radius of the droplets are rationalized with the temperature gradient.
Determination of hydrogen concentration in solids by transmission ERDA under nuclear-elastically enhanced recoiling of H by 8 and 9 MeV He
Authors: Kudo Hiroshi , Kurosawa Masanori , Naramoto Hiroshi , Sataka Masao , Ishii Satoshi , Sasa Kimikazu , Tomita Shigeo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen concentrations in thin self-supporting samples of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and muscovite have been determined by nuclear-elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) of transmission layout. The analysis procedure is based only on the database of stopping power and recoil cross section for material analysis, without using any reference sample of known H content. For the PPS sample, the determined value of

(
2.87
±
0.26
)
×

10

22

H cm−3 is in good agreement with the calculated value of

3.01
×

10

22

H cm−3. For the muscovite sample, the H concentration originating each from bound water and absorbed water is uniform over the entire thickness of the sample. The determined concentration

(
9.43
±
0.75
)
×

10

21

H cm−3 of the muscovite agrees excellently with the value of

9.36
×

10

21

H cm−3 obtained from other quantitative analyses typically applied for minerals. The present results demonstrate the capability of accurate determination of H contents in materials and minerals by transmission ERDA.
Structural evolution and relative stability of vanadium-doped boron clusters
Authors: Xiang Zhiyang , Luo Zhongjie , Bi Jie , Jin Siyu , Zhang Ziqiang , Lu Cheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cluster is the intermediate of individual atom and larger agglomeration. The structural evolutions of clusters are critically important to explore the physical properties of bulk solids. Here, we carry out systematic structure predictions of medium-sized vanadium-doped boron clusters by using crystal structure analysis by particle swarm optimization method combined with density function theory calculations. A great deal of low-lying isomers with attractive geometries are discovered, such as the crown-like VB18
− cluster and the drum-like VB20
− cluster. Interestingly, the VB12
− cluster possesses excellently relative stability due to its higher second-order difference and larger highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap. The molecular orbitals (MOs) and adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) analysis indicate that the 3d orbitals of V atom and the 2p and 2s orbitals of B atoms are the primary constituents of the MOs, and the interactions between V and B atoms are the main factor for the robust stabilization of the anionic VB12
− cluster. The present findings advance the understanding of the structural evolution of transition metal doped boron clusters and offer crucial insights for future experiments.
Phase transitions and suppression of magnetoresistance in WTe

2−x

Se
x
system
Authors: Kanchanavatee N , Ektarawong A , Pakornchote T , Alling B , Hodak S , Bovornratanaraks T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical resistivity measurements on polycrystalline WTe

2
−
x

Se
x
(

0

⩽

x

⩽

0.8

) reveal a T

d
-

1

T

′

structural phase transition and suppression of magnetoresistance at x = 0.2. These phenomena are consistent with the pressure phase diagram of WTe2. However, chemical pressure due to substitution of smaller Se ion cannot generate pressure required for the phase transition. Strain induced by sample inhomogeneity is believed to be a trigger to the behaviors. In agreement with previous predictions and reports, a mixed phase of

1

T

′

and 2H structures was also detected in Se-rich samples. Coincidentally at x = 0.2, electrical resistivity analysis suggests a phase transition from a metallic phase to a nonmetallic phase that is possibly a topological-insulating phase.
Accelerating the magnetic island by the modulated resonant magnetic perturbation for the disruption avoidance on J-TEXT
Authors: Li Da , Wang Nengchao , Ding Yonghua , Yu Qingquan , Li Mao , Hu Qiming , He Ying , Mao Feiyue , Shen Chengshuo , Jia Ruo , Huang Zhuo , Zhou Song , Li Shuhao , Bala Abba Alhaji , Chen Zhipeng , Chen Zhongyong , Yang Zhoujun , Rao Bo , Jiang Zhonghe , Yi Lin , Yu Kexun , Pan Yuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The acceleration of the magnetic island rotation by the modulated resonant magnetic perturbation (MRMP) has been studied in J-TEXT tokamak experiments. After applying the MRMP, the phase difference between the tearing mode (TM) and MRMP, Δξ, oscillated near the effective phase difference, Δξ
eff, which was defined as the time averaged value of Δξ. When the Δξ
eff was closed to the—π/2, the MRMP only contributed an accelerating torque on the TM. As the result, the TM rotation frequency was increased by a few kilohertz for the optimized relative phase by small RMPs of the order of 10−5 of the toroidal field and the locked mode induced disruption was avoided. It is found that the TM rotation could be increased to a higher frequency by applying a stronger MRMP. There is a negative sinusoidal relationship between TM frequency and Δξ
eff.
The crossed-beam energy transfer model without empirical factor for multi-beam irradiation of a spherical laser target
Authors: Demchenko N N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stimulated Brillouin scattering of laser radiation in an expanding plasma during compression of a spherical target can significantly reduce the fraction of absorbed energy. A model of CBET (crossed-beam energy transfer) stimulated scattering under multi-beam irradiation of a spherical target has been developed. The model does not contain empirical factor, unlike the model known in the literature. This makes it possible to use it in calculations for the conditions of planned experiments. Calculations of the fraction ΔCB of energy released from the plasma due to CBET scattering for experimental conditions at the OMEGA installation have been carried out. It is shown that this fraction depends on the factor fe
of the electron heat flux limitation. With fe
values in the range 0.04–0.06, the calculated values of ΔCB (0.12–0.084) are close to the value 0.1 obtained in the experiment and in numerical simulation at fe
= 0.06.
The principle of minimal power
Authors: Kolobov Vladimir I , Golubovskii Yuri B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article is devoted to the memory of Yuri P Raizer, who passed away in 2021. He left a noticeable trace in gas discharge physics. The principle of minimal power (the state that requires minimal power is most probable) is thoroughly used in his books. Although the fundamental laws of physics do not imply this ad hoc principle, a detailed analysis of underlying phenomena can often reveal why nature prefers this path. Raizer illustrated this principle for plasma stratification, formation of electrode spots, discharge constriction, the shape of an arc channel, etc. We argue that the nonlinearity of equations describing gas discharges can often justify the realization of a plasma state maintained at minimal electric power. This nonlinearity appears because small groups of energetic electrons often control the ionization processes. The number of these electrons depends strongly on the ratio of the electric field to gas density, E/N. Under certain conditions, the ionization rate can also depend nonlinearly on electron density due to stepwise ionization and Coulomb collisions. We use the principle of minimal power to illustrate some of Raizer’s contributions to gas discharge physics from a single point of view. We demonstrate that nonlinearity of ionization processes in gas discharges can substantiate this principle for plasma stratification. However, striations of s, p, and r types in neon could exist with minimal or no ionization enhancement. This reminds us of Raizer’s warning that applying the minimal power principle could lead to erroneous predictions, and a proper theory is required in each case to justify its use. ‘The phenomenon of striations satisfies the principle of minimal power’ – Yuri Raizer
Design of film supported single mesa Schottky diodes for above 1THz application with submicron T-junction
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Yong , Zhou Jingtao , Wei Haomiao , Wu Nan , Jin Zhi , Yan Bo , Xu Ruimin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A high-performance terahertz Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with a film-supported single mesa structure featuring a low structural parasitic with extremely low dielectric loss is reported in this brief. The fabricated substrate-free SBD is supported with a 2–3 µm polymer film using a low parasitic coupling capacitor of about 0.12 fF. It significantly reduces the electromagnetic coupling effect between the anode and cathode pads by 90% compared with the traditional structure of the same size. To reduce the Schottky junction capacitance at the anode, a submicron T-junction process is used with a low junction capacitance of 0.15 fF. The cutoff frequency calculated by the total capacitance of the diode is up to 4 THz. The substrate-free terahertz monolithic integration circuit based on this film-supported single mesa SBD has better performance in reducing the circuit dielectric loss, exhibiting a remarkable potential for high-frequency applications.
Understanding of carriers’ kinetic energy in steep-slope P+N+P+N+ feedback field effect transistor
Authors: Sung Juho , Shin Changhwan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A feedback field-effect transistor takes advantage of the charges accumulated in its potential well and the restriction of carrier flow by its internal potential barrier to achieve superior electrical properties such as a subthreshold swing, threshold voltage, transconductance, and on/off current ratio. However, the device must deal with the modulation of non-uniformity under forward/reverse bias and with completely losing carrier flow control during reverse bias below a certain channel length. In this work, we address these significant issues by focusing on the width of the source/drain and demonstrate the operation of positive feedback in n-type metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (nMOSFET) using only one additional step, resulting in a superior subthreshold swing (∼3 mV/decade at 300 K), a low threshold voltage (∼0.26 V), hysteresis window (0.018 V), and clear saturation region.
Evaluation of vibrational properties and local structure change during phase transition in Ge2Sb2Te5 and In3SbTe2 phase change materials
Authors: Pathak Anushmita , Tanwar Manushree , Kumar Rajesh , Pandey Shivendra Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Temperature-dependent local structural details of In3SbTe2 (IST) and Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) phase change materials are explored with the aid of Raman scattering and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Significant temperature-induced changes occur in the local structure of the phase change material, facilitating the amorphous to crystalline phase transformation. These two phases exhibit a large resistivity contrast, which is utilized to store data in the phase change memory application. The Raman spectra recorded for IST material suggest that the as-deposited sample (amorphous phase) first crystallized around 300

∘

C

annealing temperature with two binary phases InTe and InSb formations. InTe and InSb phases were obtained at ∼85.5 cm−1 and ∼180 cm−1 Raman shift, respectively, having vibration modes associated with B1g symmetry and transversal optical phonons with Г15 symmetry. Further annealing at a higher temperature of 400

∘

C

, a ternary IST phase is obtained at ∼163 cm−1 Raman shift indicating the transformation to a fully crystalline state. On the other hand, the amorphous GST material forms a metastable face-centred cubic phase and stable hexagonal (HEX) phase upon crystallization. The Raman findings demonstrate the changes in vibration modes of Ge–Te and Sb–Te bonds during phase switching without any phase separation. Crystalline GST (HEX phase) comprises rising peaks of GeTe4 and GeTe4−n
Ge
n
(n = 1, 2) corner-sharing tetrahedra with A1 mode at ∼104.5 cm−1 and ∼137 cm−1 Raman shift, respectively, and a declining Sb2Te3 peak at ∼175 cm−1, having A1g (2) vibration mode. Furthermore, the XPS analysis displays the changes in the bonding mechanism of the elements present in the phase change material during the amorphous to crystalline phase transition, firmly supporting the Raman observations.