bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single point imaging with radial acquisition and compressed sensing
Authors: Ilbey Serhat , Jungmann Pia M. , Fischer Johannes , Jung Matthias , Bock Michael , Özen Ali Caglar 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo accelerate the Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition (PETRA) sequence using compressed sensing while preserving the image quality for high‐resolution MRI of tissue with ultra‐short values.MethodsCompressed sensing was introduced in the PETRA sequence (csPETRA) to accelerate the time‐consuming single point acquisition of the k‐space center data. Random undersampling was applied to achieve acceleration factors up to Acc = 32. Phantom and in vivo images of the knee joint of six volunteers were measured at 3T using csPETRA sequence with Acc = 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 32. Images were compared against fully sampled PETRA data (Acc = 1) for structural similarity and normalized‐mean‐square‐error. Qualitative and semi‐quantitative analyses were performed to assess the effect of the acceleration on image artifacts, image quality, and delineation of anatomical structures at the knee.ResultsEven at high acceleration factors of Acc = 16 no aliasing artifacts were observed, and the anatomical details were preserved compared with the fully sampled data. The normalized‐mean‐square‐error was less than 1% for Acc = 16, in which single point imaging acquisition time was reduced from 165 to 10 s, reducing the total scan time from 7.8 to 5.2 min. Semi‐quantitative analyses suggest that Acc = 16 yields comparable diagnostic quality as the fully sampled data for knee imaging at a scan time of 5.2 min.ConclusioncsPETRA allows for ultra‐short imaging of the knee joint in clinically acceptable scan times while maintaining the image quality of original non‐accelerated PETRA sequence.
Effects of particle size‐shape correlations on steady shear strength of granular materials: The case of particle elongation
Authors: Carrasco Sergio , Cantor David , Ovalle Carlos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGranular materials often present correlations between particle size and shape due to their geological formation and mechanisms of weathering and fragmentation. It is known that particle shape strongly affects shear strength. However, the effects of shape can be modified by the role the particle plays in a sample given its size. We explore the steady shear strength of samples composed of particles presenting size‐shape correlations and we focus on the case of particle elongation in two opposite scenarios: (A) large elongated grains with finer circular grains and (B) large circular grains with elongated finer grains. By means of numerical simulations, we probe the shear strength of samples of varying particle size span from mono to highly polydisperse and particle aspect ratios varying between 1 and 5. We find that the two correlations tested strongly impact the shear strength as particle size span evolves. Microstructural analyzes allow us to identify how each correlation affects connectivity and anisotropies linked to the orientation of the particles and load transmission. Decompositions of the stress tensor let us identify the sources of the different mechanical behavior in each correlation and determine the contributions of each particle shape to macroscopic shear strength. This study proves that common small‐scaling methods based on truncated or parallel particle size distributions can incur in under/over‐estimations of shear strength if particle shapes are not considered in the scaling process.
Subclinical psychopathology and affective forecasting: Role of in‐the‐moment feelings
Authors: Zhang Rui‐ting , Yang Tian‐xiao , Chen Si‐yu , Cheung Eric F. C. , Barkus Emma , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is important for positive well‐being and social engagement to understand how people predict future emotions, an ability known as affective forecasting. However, mechanisms underpinning the change to affective forecasting are not well understood in people with subclinical psychiatric symptoms. The current study differentiated components that comprise affective forecasting and investigated how non‐clinical features relate to these. We recruited 319 participants to complete the social affective forecasting task and respond to questionnaires that captured schizotypal and autistic traits as well as depressive symptoms. Associations between affective forecasting and subclinical features were investigated using correlations, regression, and structure equation modeling. Results showed that interpersonal features of schizotypal traits negatively predicted anticipated emotions in positive social conditions via in‐the‐moment feelings but not via mental simulation. Findings highlight that in‐the‐moment feelings may be an intervention target to help people who have difficulties with social interactions to anticipate more pleasure for future social events.
Microvillus inclusion disease with prenatal ultrasound findings and postpartum confirmed
Authors: Şeker Erdal , Koç Acar 
Published: January 2022

Key pointsWhat's already known about this topic?

It is known that microvillus inclusion disease may present with prenatal fetal bowel enlargement

What does this study add?

We think that if amniocentesis is applied to pregnant women with suspected microvillus inclusion disease, electrolyte levels in the amniotic fluid may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of other congenital diarrhea causes
A survey of dedicated PASC clinics: Characteristics, barriers and spirit of collaboration
Authors: Dundumalla Shreya , Barshikar Surendra , Niehaus William N. , Ambrose Anne F. , Kim Soo Y. , Abramoff Benjamin A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection can produce prolonged multi‐organ system dysfunction and a worsened quality of life, a condition known as Post‐Acute Sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection (PASC). In response, clinics have emerged dedicated to the treatment of individuals with PASC.ObjectiveTo better understand the current characteristics of these clinics, the barriers they face, and the interest in collaboration between clinics.DesignA cross‐sectional survey study.ParticipantsClinicians working within dedicated PASC centers (N = 94) identified primarily through the Survivor Corps database of Post‐COVID Care Centers. Additional clinics were found through news articles, an American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Database, and word of mouth.MethodsThe branching logic electronic survey consisting of up to 39 questions was sent electronically to potential participants.ResultsComplete survey responses were obtained from 45 clinics. There was a wide variety of different clinical models and specialties involved. The majority of clinics were homed in physical medicine and rehabilitation (40%), pulmonology (22%), and internal medicine (16%). Most clinics (73%) reported experiencing obstacles in the treatment of their patients, the most common of which included needing more established protocols (45%) and more clinical resources (24%). Most clinics (76%) also reported an interest in participating in a collaborative clinical network.ConclusionDespite wide variability in current clinical models of PASC clinics, there are common practices such as using telemedicine, having initial visits longer than 30 minutes, involving certain specialties in the treatment team, and having the ability for follow‐up. Clinicians involved with PASC clinics have a strong interest in collaboration to improve patient care and overcome clinical obstacles, the most common of which is the lack of clear treatment protocols. More research is needed to identify which clinical models lead to better patient outcomes.
A novel 3D in vitro tissue model for bone‐metastasized breast cancer: A preclinical tool in drug discovery and testing
Authors: Mohseni Garakani Mansoureh , Cooke Megan E. , Wertheimer Michael R. , Rosenzweig Derek H. , Ajji Abdellah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBone metastasis is a frequent occurrence following breast cancer. The bone‐tumor microenvironment is heterogeneous and complicated to recapitulate. The development of new chemotherapeutics is ineffective partly due to a lack of precise in vitro tissue models. We developed a three‐dimensional (3D) bone‐tumor interface model for customized chemotherapeutic screening. It comprises a plasma‐modified electrospun mat seeded with osteoblasts to mimic a bone tissue, with a cell‐seeded hydrogel layer containing more and less aggressive or noncancerous cells on top, mimicking the tumor compartment. By screening the model with doxorubicin, we observed different migratory behaviors, with IC50 values that were largely in accordance with those cell lines' characteristics. Our 3D model reproduces the bone microenvironment and has great potential as a drug screening tool for personalized medicine.
Effects of curved path walking compared to straight path walking in older adults with cognitive deficits: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Han Suk , Shim Sung Ryul , Kim Jun Ho , Ko Mansoo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the existing literature provides evidence that curved path walking time can be a reliable marker of cognitive impairment among older adults using a network meta‐analysis (NMA).Data SourcesPubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Korean Studies Information Service System (KSISS) electronic databases were searched in December 2019.Study SelectionStudies that included the following variables were selected: (P): patients with cognitive impairment, (I): straight path versus curved path walking, (C): control group without cognitive impairment, (O): walking time, and (S): cross‐sectional or longitudinal study design. In total, 21 studies were selected for the NMA, which was performed to compare the standardized mean difference (SMD) of walking time on curved and straight paths.ResultsOlder adults with dementia had significantly longer walking times than older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for both straight path walking and curved path walking. The SMD of straight path walking time was 0.59 (95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.39, 0.81) for older adults with MCI and 0.90 (95% CrI: 0.65, 1.16) for older adults with dementia. The SMD of walking time on a curved path was 0.52 (95% CrI: −0.22, 1.26) for older adults with MCI and 1.98 (95% CrI: 1.20, 2.92) for those with dementia. In older adults with dementia, the correlation coefficient of the Fisher's z value was higher for curved path walking than for straight path walking.ConclusionThe way people with dementia walk exhibits signs of cognitive impairments. NMA confirmed that older adults with dementia requires significantly longer time to walk the same distance than healthy controls or older adults with MCI for both curved and straight path walking.
Plasma IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels correlate significantly with grading changes in localized prostate cancer
Authors: Zhou Jiatong , Chen Haojie , Wu Yanyuan , Shi Bowen , Ding Jie , Qi Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo study the effect of inflammatory markers in blood such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) on the Gleason score (GS) changes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP), we conducted this study.Patients and methodsFrom November 2012 to September 2021, a total of 237 patients underwent RP at our institution. Blood samples from all patients were collected within 1 week before surgery. Preoperative clinical characteristics include age, serum IL‐6 and TNF‐α, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, C‐reactive protein, the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio, systemic immune‐inflammation index, the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI‐RADS) score, prostate‐specific antigen, and biopsy GS were assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were used to determine the risk factors of GS changes after RP. The efficiency of this prediction model was identified with the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results Seventy‐three patients (30.8%) had GS upgraded in the overall cohort, and 55 patients (23.2%) had GS downgraded. In comparing PCa patients with and without GS upgraded, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum TNF‐α (odds ratio [OR]: 2.518, p = 0.019) and IL‐6 (OR: 0.478, p = 0.023) were independent factors predicting the occurrence of GS upgrade. We also compared the characteristics of patients with GS upgraded and GS downgraded; multivariate logistic regression analysis also demonstrated significant differences in serum IL‐6 and TNF‐α between these two groups (all p < 0.05). In addition, we found that low prostate volume and biopsy GS ≥ 7 were significantly associated with higher PI‐RADS sores in multivariate analysis.ConclusionThe high expression of serum TNF‐α level is positively correlated with GS upgraded in PCa patients. High expression of serum IL‐6 level is negatively correlated with GS upgraded in PCa patients and positively related with GS downgraded.
Δ‐SCF calculations of core electron binding energies in first‐row transition metal atoms
Authors: Jorstad Jason V. , Xie Tian , Morales Christine M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCore electron binding energies (CEBE) of nickel and copper atoms have been calculated using single‐configuration energy differences, the so‐called Δ‐self‐consistent field (Δ‐SCF) method. Basis set convergence has been examined for calculated L‐shell and M‐shell core electron binding energies, and a wide array of density functionals have been evaluated. Scalar relativistic corrections have been estimated using the popular Douglas‐Kroll‐Hess (DKH) approximation. While basis set convergence and functional dependence mirror the behavior reported in the literature for main group elements, the simplest Δ‐SCF calculations with pure Hartree‐Fock (HF) exchange and no correlation surprisingly outperform all density functionals in reproducing free‐atom CEBE values for Ni and Cu.
Robust adaptive self‐structuring neural networks tracking control of unmanned surface vessels with uncertainties and time‐varying disturbances
Authors: Liu Haitao , Wang Zhicheng , Tian Xuehong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe trajectory tracking control problem of unmanned surface vessels (USVs) with uncertainties and time‐varying disturbances is investigated. A robust adaptive trajectory tracking control scheme is proposed based on finite‐time control and a self‐structuring neural networks (SSNN) identifier, which can obtain satisfactory performance with an norm‐bounded, expected attenuation level within a finite time. The SSNN is developed to approximate USVs system uncertainties and external disturbances by online learning. Most importantly, a balance is achieved between the optimal number of neurons and the expected performance, which saves significant network resources. The Lyapunov stability analysis shows that the scheme ensures convergence of the tracking error to a small neighborhood around zero in finite time, while all the other closed‐loop signals remain bounded. Moreover, the application of a high‐gain observer effectively reduces the cost of velocity sensors. The feasibility and effectiveness of this control scheme are verified by theorem analysis and numerical simulations.
Random Čech complexes on manifolds with boundary
Authors: de Kergorlay Henry‐Louis , Tillmann Ulrike , Vipond Oliver 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLetMbe a compact, unit volume, Riemannian manifold with boundary. We study the homology of a random Čech‐complex generated by a homogeneous Poisson process inM. Our main results are two asymptotic threshold formulas, an upper threshold above which the Čech complex recovers thekth homology ofMwith high probability, and a lower threshold below which it almost certainly does not. These thresholds share the same leading term. This extends work of Bobrowski–Weinberger and Bobrowski–Oliveira who establish similar formulas whenMhas no boundary. The cases with and without boundary differ: the corresponding common leading terms for the upper and lower thresholds differ being whenMis closed and whenMhas boundary; herenis the expected number of sample points. Our analysis identifies a special type of homological cycle occurring close to the boundary.
Weight management towards physiological and behavioral wellbeing for chimpanzees living under human care
Authors: Clay Andrea W. , Crane Maria M. , Bloomsmith Mollie A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcross a period of 54 months, several changes were made to the feeding protocols of 32 adult chimpanzees living at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station. Before implementing any changes in diet, baseline data were collected for 6 months. During Baseline (BS), the chimpanzees received unlimited amounts of primate biscuits twice a day and a limited amount of produce as enrichment. Treatment One (T1) dietary modifications included an increased amount of vegetables, primarily leafy greens, and biscuit feedings scheduled to occur an hour after vegetables were provided to the chimpanzees. T1 lasted for 1 year. At the end of T1, most of the chimpanzees had gained weight. Treatment Two (T2) occurred over the span of 3 years, during which all the chimpanzees were switched from unlimited, group‐distributed primate biscuits to individually prescribed amounts of biscuits, fed in\dividually, and increased daily feedings of leafy greens. By the end of T2, 10 of 15 chimpanzees who were overweight or obese at the start of the project were within range of ideal body condition, and 4 of the remaining 5 were improved. All the chimpanzees who started the project within ideal range were still within ideal range. Significantly more time was invested in eating, foraging, and processing food during T2 (p < .05), more appropriately replicating the natural time budget for a chimpanzee. There were not any increases in abnormal, stress‐related, or agonistic behaviors as a function of dietary modifications. Inactivity, however, was significantly higher (p < .05) during the later protocol, and locomotion was concurrently lower (p < .05).
About pace: How variations in method and definition affect quantification of pacing in bears
Authors: Bernstein‐Kurtycz Laura M. , Wiatroski Kayla G. , Leeds Austin , Lukas Kristen E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRepetitive pacing behavior is exhibited by many species in zoos and is particularly prevalent in carnivores with large home ranges, such as bears. Pacing can be a behavioral indicator of poor welfare, however, understanding this behavior can be challenging. As many bears that pace are singly housed, efforts to systematically examine and ameliorate pacing may be strengthened by multi‐institutional studies. However, there is currently no standardized method to quantify pacing, which makes cross‐institutional analyses of causal factors and intervening measures challenging. The purpose of this study was to compare multiple sampling methods and definitions for quantifying pacing in bears to understand how they affect outcome measures. We analyzed video recordings of two grizzly and two black bears pacing, using three sampling methods (continuous, instantaneous 30‐s interval, instantaneous 1‐min interval), and three definitions of pacing (AB—two repetitions of the path, ABA—three repetitions, ABAB—four repetitions). A generalized linear mixed model revealed that continuous and instantaneous 30‐s interval methods captured more pacing than instantaneous 1‐min methods, and definitions captured a decreasing amount of pacing from AB to ABA to ABAB. AB also captured the highest number of pacing bouts. The importance of comparability across institutions is growing, and a standard methodology and definition for recording pacing would be useful. We suggest that the combination of instantaneous sampling and the ABA definition presents a good balance between capturing the right data and being flexible enough for a variety of institutions to implement.
The Spanish Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic: From Joint Governance to Lack of Governance
Authors: Valle Javier M. , de Olagüe-Smithson Carlos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOn March 9, 2020, to safeguard the health of the population from the spread of COVID-19, the Autonomous Community of Madrid was the first region in Spain to suspend in person classroom activity from March 11th. Five days later, on March 14th, the Spanish government declared a state of emergency and in person classroom lessons were suspended throughout the country.
From Radar to Radio Astronomy
Authors: Orchiston Wayne , Robertson Peter , Sullivan III Woodruff T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractToday’s astronomers study the sky at a wide range of wavelengths, spread across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio through microwave, infrared, the optical range, the ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays (Fig. 1.1). They also use cosmic rays and neutrinos, and the newest field is gravitational wave astronomy. Some of these types of radiation can be observed from the Earth’s surface, others rely on space telescopes. Some are comparatively recent innovations, while optical astronomy – in various guises – dates back many millennia.
Frontier Life at the Field Stations
Authors: Orchiston Wayne , Robertson Peter , Sullivan III Woodruff T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBetween October 1945 and March 1946 Radiophysics staff took advantage of the facilities at radar stations located at Collaroy Plateau and Dover Heights in suburban Sydney to follow up the British and New Zealand solar observations mentioned earlier, and this effectively marked the launch of radio astronomy in Australia. The equipment used at these field stations included radar antennas connected to 200 MHz receivers. In 1947 Ruby Payne-Scott (1912–1981) described the Royal Australian Air Force Radar 54 antenna at Collaroy as a
Where did it all Lead?
Authors: Orchiston Wayne , Robertson Peter , Sullivan III Woodruff T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAt the end of World War II it would have been impossible to have foreseen the rapid growth of radio astronomy at the Radiophysics Lab. In the space of about five years radio astronomy not only became the dominant research program, but the RP group was easily the largest and most generously funded in the world. The two main rivals to Radiophysics were the Jodrell Bank group at the University of Manchester led by Bernard Lovell and the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University led by Martin Ryle. However, both these English groups were relatively small sections within their University’s physics departments and, with the post-war austerity in England, both groups operated on shoestring budgets. Around 1950, the combined budgets of the Jodrell Bank and Cambridge groups were only a small fraction of the RP radio astronomy budget (see e.g. Robertson, 1992: 131; Sullivan, 2009: 153).