bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Technique for Medium Range Forecasting of of Rainfall over Calcutta during the Southwest Monsoon Season
Authors: SAJNANI P. P. 
Published: March 2022

An objective procedure for predicting the rainfall of Calcutta during each of the 5-period of the monsoon season has been evolved. The technique is the same as was developed by Jagannathan and Ramamurthi (1961) for the prediction of 5-day rainfall at Bombay. The daily rainfall data of Alipore (Calcutta) for the period 1921, to 1950 were used for the classification of the rainfalls. The technique was evolved on the base of available Indian radiosonde data for 1950 to 1958 and tested on the basis of independent data for 1959 to 1961. This has shown a skill score of 0.46.
Besides the study has revealed the close relationship between the topography of the 700 and 500mb pressure surfaces over India and the subsequent pentad rainfall over Calcutta particularly during the monsoon season.
Menjaga Kebersihan Lingkungan dengan Mengadakan Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (Tpa) Sampah di Dusun Timur Sawah Desa Pandanwangi Kecamatan Tempeh Lumajang
Authors: Sidiq Muhammad Abdul Halim 
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Kebersihan lingkungan menjadi salah satu faktor utama demi berlangsungnya hidup yang bersih, sehat, dan nyaman. Terhindar dari berbagai macam penyakit sangat diinginkan oleh setiap orang. Dalam menjaga kebersihan lingkungan hidup tidak hanya diri kita sendiri, tetapi juga masyarakat, dan juga pemerintah. Kurangnya perhatian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan sangat familiar untuk saat ini. Kebanyakan dari mereka berfikir secara parsial dan hanya ingin menguntungkan diri sendiri, seperti masalah pembuangan sampah yang tidak pada tempatnya, pembuangan limbah pabrik, polusi udara, pencemaran air, dan lain-lain. Kasus-kasus yang menyangkut masalah kebersihan dalam lingkungan hidup yang selalu mempengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat setiap tahunnya selalu meningkat, salah satanya adalah banjir. Oleh sebab itu, kesehatan masyarakat dan bagaimana mengatasi masalah-masalah kesehatan masyarakat dalam rangka memelihara dan meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat perlu diperhatikan, bukan hanya berbicara atau berteori tentang penyakit dan juga. Jadi, jika kita dapat menjaga kebersihan lingkungan hidup dan menjaga kesehatan dalam lingkungan hidup, kita pasti akan terhindar dari macam-macam penyakit, sehingga lingkungan hidup yang nyaman dan tentram akan tercipta. Salah satu cara untuk memusnahkan sampah adalah dengan mengadakan Tempat Pembuangan Ahir (TPA).
Pengelolaan Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Ula Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Pendidikan Keagamaan di Desa Tempeh Kidul Kecamatan Tempeh Lumajang
Authors: Ulumuddin Ihya' , Wahyudi Yayok 
Published: March 2022

Abstrak: Pendidikan Agama Merupakan pendidikan yang wajib diajarkan kepada anak di usia dini karena pendidikan tersebut sangat penting bagi kehidupan sehari-hari selebihnya tentang pendidikan Agama. Pendampingan pengelolahan pendidikan Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Ula ini telah di sepakati oleh masyarakat desa Tempeh Kidul pada dusun Wonomerto Kidul dalam mengatasi kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pendidikan keagamaan yang di alami saat ini. Masalah tesebut adalah kurang fashihnya membaca Al – Qur’an dan rendahnya akhlak yang baik, sehingga itu berdampak negatif terhadap kehidupan sehari-hari. Keadaan yang seperti ini mendorong masyarakat untuk segera mencari solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Peneliti sebagai fasilitator, Menghadirkan masyarakat dalam memusyawarahkan pemecahan masalah tersebut secara bersama. Dengan adanya musyawarah ini, masyarakat sepakat menerapkan teknik meningkatkatkan pendidikan agama yang ada di Tempeh Kidul pada Dusun Wonomerto Kidul sebagai solusi tepat dikarenakan Madin adalah teknik pendampingan pengelolaan Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Ula.
Pendampingan Penanggulangan Hama Ulat Contong pada Sengon sebagai Solusi Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Desa Pakel Kecamatan Gucialit Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Lubis Ahmad Hafidz 
Published: March 2022

Desa Pakel ini termasuk daerah yang memiliki tekstur tanah yang subur, hal ini dapat dilihat dari berbagai jenis tanaman perkebunan yang ditanam di desa Pakel ini. Tanaman yang biasa ditanam di desa Pakel ini antara lain: Sengon, manggis, duren, pisang, tebu, kopi, jahe, dan tanaman-tanaman yang lain. Tanaman sengon menjadi tanaman yang paling banyak ditanam karena hasil panennya digunakan sebagai inventasi oleh masyarakat. Kemudian muncul permasalahan berupa hama tanaman sengon yang cukup banyak salah satunya adalah ulat contong. Hama ulat contong paling luas terjadi pada saat musim kemarau dan dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan serta mengakibatkan pertumbuhan tanaman menjadi jelek, bercabang banyak, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Kemudian mahasiswa sebagai fasilitator bersama bapak Lasiono yang notabene sebagai ketua kelompok tani dan Posludes desa Pakel mendatangi dinas kehutanan untuk meminta penyuluhan penanggulangan hama ulat contong yang menyerang sengon sebagai wujud pendampingan mahasiswa kepada masyarakat desa Pakel. Dengan adanya penyuluhan tersebut, diharapkan para petani mulai mengetahui tentang cara yang tepat dalam menanggulangi hama ulat contong tersebut. Setelah dilakukannya penyuluhan penanggulangan hama ulat contong, para petani mengetahui bagaimana cara menanggulangi hama ulat contong. Selain itu mahasiswa bersama masyarakat desa Pakel juga melakukan tester atau percobaan pemberian obat sidhametrin bagi sengon yang terkena hama ulat contong. Setelah itu mahasiswa sebagai wujud pendampingan akan mendatangi desa Pakel untuk mengecek pertumbuhan pohon sengon yang telah diberi obat agar dapat diketahui hasilnya.
Impact of Energy Crisis on Industries of Pakistan: A Case of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Industries
Authors: Khan Habib Ullah , Habib-ur-Rehman  , Naseem Ullah  , Waseem Ullah  , Khan Inam 
Published: March 2022

Electricity energy crisis croppoed up in 2009 due to widening gap in demand and supply of power in Pakistan due to declining production and increasing demand resulting from growing population and economic activities. Resultantly the industrial poduction is worsely affected due to frequent power supply shortage which is still a serious challenge to development economists and power suppliers. Also adversly affected quality of production of industries which operate on delicate material. No doubt most of the industries have since established their own energy production units yet the cost of production has further added to difficulties. This discourages enterpreneurs and retards industrial growth. This study examines and quantifies the socio-economic impact of electricity outages in the “Hayatabad Industrial Estate” Peshawar, Pakistan. In order to identify multi-dimentional impact experienced by industries i.e. extra cost of energy generation including maintenance cost of additional power generating equipments, inevitable extra shift/ hours engagement, for production and sales, target acheivements etc an intensive study was made by collecting data through face to face interview. The primary data was collected through questionnaire for the analysis of the study. A cluster that is “Hayatabad Industrial Estate” was selected as it is one of the large and old industrial estate of KPK. This study encompasses 374 companies of Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Pakistan as a sample representing all industries of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Total cost of electricty outages is considered to be the sum of direct and indirect cost. The paper suggests that as an urgent measure the existing installed capacity be enhanced by upgrading the power production equipments. Immediate measures be taken to minimse silt deposition in all the three dames by silt clearing. To save energy from wastage illegal connection and stealing be checked through stern action by the state authorities. In the mean time solar energy system be encouraged by subsidisng the solar systems particularly for industrial installation. This study will quantify the financial impact of load shedding and bring in the knowledge of all stakeholders specifically the government to help them expedite the remedial actions.
STANDARDIZATION OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE, ITS PROCUREMENT, PRESERVATION AND PRESENTATION IN COURT USING FBI's TECHNIQUES BY FIA
Authors: Malik Engr. Mujtaba Asad , Malik Waqar Azeem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present the some feasible standards used by US Federal Bureau of investigation (FBI) to enable Federal Investigation Agency (Pakistan) to enhance the authenticity of evidence and its consistency with the existing law. There are examples of several hundred cases, where the courts refused to punish the offender due to unauthentic inconsistent or naive evidence. The investigator is normally responsible to procure and preserve the forensic evidence to strengthen the case of the prosecutor. The investigator has follow up the legal procedure, technically in technically correct manner and consistent with provisions of Law, circumstantial and oral evidence. The inherent deficiencies and faults render the forensic evidence invalid sometimes and no use in the court. The approach of the paper is to standardise and synchronise the working as for as dealing with forensic evidence is concerned. The FBI provides very useful methodologies for procuring evidence from the sconce of offence, forensic services, examination of evidence, rendering forensic evidence,
Subtitusi Pewarna Alami Ekstrak Daun Singkong Pada Pembuatan Telur Gabus Ikan Kembung
Authors: Rohimah Siregar  , Sri Rafiqoh  , Alpina Damanik  
Published: March 2022

Cork eggs from mackerel are a snack in the form of long thin strands such as cendol made from tapioca flour, mackerel meat, egg yolks, cheese, salt and water which are fried and have a savory taste and crunchy texture, the addition of natural coloring leaf extract cassava cork egg product from mackerel is intended to increase the nutritional value of cork egg snack from mackerel. The addition of natural dyes from cassava leaf extract, cork egg products from mackerel, is intended not only to beautify the appearance of the product, but also to increase the nutritional value of the cork egg snack from mackerel. This research was conducted by experimental method with complete randomized design one factor, namely the treatment of cassava leaf extract concentration as an additive where the research stage consists of three stages with descriptive data analysis techniques. The results showed that Cork eggs which have the highest antioxidant activity is in treatment A3 with a value of 103.04 µ g/ml.
Role of BCG and Measles vaccination in protection against COVID-19 infection and severity of the disease: A pilot case-control study
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Kumar Purushottam , Verma Manisha , Singh Chandramani , Pandey Sanjay , Naik Bijaya Nanda , Nirala Santosh Kumar , Rao Rajath 
Published: March 2022

Background: The role of BCG and MMR/Measles vaccination in reducing the burden of COVID-19 has been based on ecological data mostly. We planned this explorative pilot case-control study to understand the role of vaccination with Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) and measles administered as part of MMR vaccine on COVID 19.
Methodology: A case-control study was conducted in AIIMS Patna during December 2020 and January 2021. A total of 100 COVID-19 patients confirmed by RT-PCR test were taken as cases, and for each case, age and gender-matched SARS-COV-2 negative individual was taken as control. A study tool containing a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used.
Results: The unadjusted odds of COVID-19 were found to be significantly higher among BCG vaccinated [1.88(1.03-4.4)] and MMR vaccinated individuals [5.06(2.34-10.90]. BCG vaccine was not found to have an independent effect on COVID-19 after adjusting for tobacco use, MMR vaccination status, unprotected contact with SARS-COV-2 positive patients, and co-morbidities. But Measles vaccine was found to independently increase the risk of COVID-19 [AOR: 4.505(1.8-11.3)].
Conclusion: BCG vaccination status was not found to be an independent predictor of COVID-19. Further studies with large sample size and better study design (cohort, randomized trials) need to be conducted.
Dialogando con la secularización: el Instituto Fe y Secularidad (1967-2001)
Authors: Ruiz Andrés Rafael 
Published: March 2022

El Instituto Fe y Secularidad (1967-2002) representó una plataforma eclesial clave para el diálogo cristianismo-increencia durante la segunda mitad del siglo xx en España. A pesar de sus múltiples publicaciones, el archivo de la institución continúa siendo un territorio tan inexplorado como de interés para calibrar más certeramente el peso del proceso de secularización en España. El artículo pretende, en línea con las últimas aportaciones académicas sobre la secularización, analizar el cambio religioso en España a través de la documentación y la historia de Fe y Secularidad mediante una aproximación a tres periodos de especial importancia para el Instituto.
The Relationship between Information Technology
Authors: Ahmeed Shahenaz 
Published: March 2022

The current research presents a theoretical and applicable frame that tests the relationship between Information Technology and crisis management , as well as, determines the important level of Information Technology ingredients ( hardware , software , communication nets ,and human resource ) with their importance reflection on the level of achieving a distinguished performance level that confirms the organization ability which is under research, in facing the crisis and events that could be exposed to .The aim of the research is variables description and diagnosing which are presented by Information Technology elements and crisis management.This research has depended on the questionnaire to collect data and information of a deliberate sample that consists of (42) managers who work at Banks. The assumptions have been chosen by using a number of statistical methods and the prepared statistical system (SPSS). Most of the application results have proved the validity of the rsesarch assumptions that have been
proposed. On this ground a number of conclusions and recommendations have been formalized that the bank management, which is under the research, could follow in order to go with the accelerated development that the current era goes through which made banks work in dynamical and changeable environment.
Enhance WLEDs Performance with Additional Phosphor Materials in Multi-Layer Remote Structure
Authors: Dang Nguyen Hai Son , Nguyen Doan Minh Thong , Nguyen Thi Phuong Loan , Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh , Lee Hsiao-Yi 
Published: March 2022

One of the most important factors used to evaluate lighting performances ofWLEDs is the angular color uniformity (ACU). The triple-layer remote phosphor structure is considered as a proposed mechanism for elevating the ACU of a WLED. The analysis on the triple-layer structure's efficiency is specifically demonstrated in this article. Additionally, there are detailed comparisons between the triple-layer (TL) and the dual-layer (DL) geometries to reinforce the idea of using TL packaging for WLED optical enhancements. The WLEDs with average correlated color temperatures (ACCTs) of 6600 K and 7700 K are utilized for experiments. According to the outcomes, the attained color rendering index from DL design is higher than the one from TL package. However, the TL shows better color quality scale (CQS) than the DL, regardless of ACCTs. Besides, not only does the TL yield better CQS but also heighten the lumen efficiency. On top of that, the ACU of TL WLED model is much higher than that of the DL as a result of deviated correlated color temperature reduction at all ACCTs. This result is more obvious at the high ACCT of 7700 K, in other words, the ACU of a high-ACCT WLED shows more visible enhancement with TL structure. From these results, the triple-layer remote phosphor structure stands out as the promising advancement in the production of high-quality WLEDs.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
On the Performance of Power Beacon-Assisted D2D Communications in the Presence of Multi-Jammers and Eavesdropper
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Tan , Fazio Peppino , Voznak Miroslav 
Published: March 2022

In this work, we investigate the performance analysis of a device-to-device (D2D) communication network under an eavesdropper E attack. Besides, we assume that E is located in the proximal region where it can overhear the information from the source S. Specifically, S transmits information to the destination D, adopting the power beacon's energy to surmount the limited energy budget. Moreover, to reduce the quality of the eavesdropping link, the cooperative jamming technique can be used, where the multi-friendly jammers are employed to generate the artificial noises to E continuously. As considering the above presentation, we derive the quality of system analysis in terms of the outage probability (OP), intercept probability (IP), and secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the proposed system model. Finally, the Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to corroborate the exactness of the mathematical analysis.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Language Games/Game Languages: Examining Game Design Epistemologies Through a ‘Wittgensteinian’ Lens
Authors: Bojin Nis 
Published: March 2022

Recent theorizing around games and notions of play has drawn from a pool of mid-20th century scholars including such notables as Johann Huizinga, Gregory Bateson, Roger Caillois and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Through his articulation of the concept of language as a type of game, Wittgenstein has been both adopted and critiqued for purposes of circumscribing what are now commonly held as the necessary constituents of games including their systemic nature and the acquiescence of their participants to an agreed-upon rule structure: a set of rules which Wittgenstein likens to the ‘grammar’ of language (Salen and Zimmerman, 2001;Suits, 1978; Juul, 2005; Wittgenstein, 1953; Finch, 2001; Brenner, 1999). Although thus far Wittgenstein has served as a pillar of 20th and 21st century game theory canon, this paper adopts Wittgenstein’s notion of language-games not for purposes of examining games, but for purposes of examining the design of games. The pursuit of this paper is to utilize Wittgenstein’s lens of the language-game to investigate what it is that informs and consequently shapes and reinforces game design epistemologies in an attempt to encourage a reflexivity about the design practices behind the games we create.
Chopin's Dream as Reality: A Critical Reading of Eternal Sonata
Authors: Quijano-Cruz Johansen 
Published: March 2022

This article opens with a short statement on how video games should be considered as a viable means of making cultural and social statements and compares the evolution of literature to the evolution of video game narratives. After making an argument for Eternal Sonata as meaningful art worthy of critical attention it proceeds to give a critical reading of the game which presents Eternal Sonata as an instrument critical of specific aspects of society, including war, human greed, and the interests of large companies. The article integrates video game and critical theory, professional commentary, excerpts from the game, and examples of poetry, music, and painting to support the arguments presented.
Letter from the Wilderness
Authors: Mullen Mark 
Published: March 2022

In a November 2006 Gamasutra article titled “We’re not listening: An Open Letter to Academic Game Researchers” John Hopson argues that much of the research into games by academics is not presented in a way likely to appeal to game developers and is largely irrelevant to their concerns. Hopson’s argument implicates humanities and many social science researchers producing speculative and descriptive research rather than more hard-edged technical and statistical research that can have an immediate impact on a game’s bottom line. While conceding Hopson’s point about the ineffectiveness of many academic communication norms, I argue that Hopson’s article is indicative not of problems with academic research into games as much as the position of game development toward the utility of academic research in general. After analyzing the assumptions underlying Hopson’s argument, I offer a schema that articulates several key types of research into games carried out by scholars with a primary background in the humanities and the contribution of each research approach to the game development process.
Geocaching: Interactive Communication Instruments Around the Game
Authors: Ihamäki Pirita Johanna 
Published: March 2022

This article presents a study of geocaching, a mobile outdoor game, and explores the interactive communication instruments players use. In this case study, an interaction communication instrument refers to all the means by which players communicate with each other, including devices and services related to the game. This case study was carried out as an Internet survey with 21 geocachers. The study also discusses articles, which offer more of an informative picture of the global game of geocaching, several related applications, communication channels used by players, and new services around the game. Digital communication channels bring about new varieties of communities, which connect desktop computers to pervasive global networks. Some of these are extensions of non-digital forms of play, while others offer entirely new experiences and playscapes. There are about 3 million people worldwide participating in the game world. Geocaching is a game made by the players, who use GPS technology in a new way, develop it continuously, and create more interactive communication channels and services; it can thus be seen as a pilot test area for game designers and developers. This study will introduce the concept of geocaching and present and define the interaction communication instruments used therein. In the discussion, main conclusions are given in relation to different geocaching approaches and suggestions for future work are outlined.