bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSI-20 Effect of Different Forage Allowances During the Middle and Final Thirds of Pregnancy in Nellore Dams Pregnant with Female Calves on Offspring Performance and Milk Yield
Authors: Sousa Luciana M , Oliveira Ivanna M , Souza William L , Oliveira Karla A , Cidrini Iorrano A , Ferreira Igor M , Prados Laura F , Resende Flávio D , Siqueira Gustavo R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of maternal nutrition, during the middle and final thirds of pregnancy of Nellore dams pregnant with female calves, on the milk yield of the dams and on the performance of the offspring from calving to weaning. The experiment lasted 390 days, divided into two phases: gestational phase (150 days - from June to November 2019) and nursing phase (240 days - from November/2019 to July/2020). Forty-two multiparous Nellore dams pregnant with female calves were used [initial BW of 425 ± 36 kg and body condition score (BCS) of 3.67 ± 0.23] in a randomized block design (blocked by BW), with the experimental unit being the paddock and six replicates per treatment. The treatments consisted in two forage allowances (FA) during pregnancy: low forage allowance (LFA; 2.80 kg DM/kg BW) and high forage allowance (HFA; 7.60 kg DM/kg BW). The dams were kept in an area composed of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and received a protein supplement (1 g/kg BW/day). In the suckling phase, all animals remained under the same conditions of pasture and supplementation (ad libitum mineral salt) until weaning. Data were analyzed using SAS PROC MIXED. Corrected milk yield (4% fat) and total milk fat and solids content were affected by the FA (P&lt; 0.04), with the least values observed in the milk of animals subjected to LFA. female calves from dams subjected to LFA during pregnancy were 11 kg lighter (P=0.02) and showed adecreased average weight gain (-0.08 kg/day) at 120 days from calving (P=0.03), and also showed less rib-eye area (-3.10 cm²) at weaning (P =0.03). Dams subjected to LFA during pregnancy possibly went through nutritional restriction, which caused changes in milk yield and milk composition during nursing phase, implicating lower performance of the offspring until weaning.
PSII-B-19 Adaptation Periods Protocol for Nellore Cattle in Intensive Pasture Finishing
Authors: Gouvêa Daniel I C G , Niehues Maria B , Perdigão Alexandre , de Carvalho Victor Valério , Acedo Tiago S S , Vasconcellos Guilherme S F M , Polycarpo Gustavo V , Martins Cyntia L L , Arrigoni Mário B D B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the performance of Nellore cattle in intensive pasture finishing (TIP), fed for 96 days and submitted to different adaptation periods, aiming to reach 2% of BW of DMI concentrate (DMIc)/BW at the end of the adaptation period. A total of 240 Nellore bulls (iBW 359kg±5.02 kg; 20 mo) were distributed in randomized blocks, allocated in paddocks of 2.4 ha (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés; 10 animals/paddock), with two treatments with 12 replications (paddock as experimental unit). The treatments were: 1) 9 days on adaptation (ADAP9), 2% DMIc/BW on the 10th day; 2) 14 days on adaptation (ADAP14), 2% DMIc/BW on the 15th day. The animals were weighed fasting (± 16h) at the beginning, on day 28, and at the end of the experimental period, the DMIc was measured daily by the difference between offered and leftovers. Data were analyzed using the SAS ANOVA procedure at P&lt; 0.05. Evaluating the period between the beginning and the 27th day, ADAP9 showed greater DMIc (6.9 vs. 6.5kg/d; P=0.009), greater DMIc/BW (1.8 vs. 1.7% BW; P =0.0043) and greater fluctuation in DMIc (9.4 vs. 5.9% DMIc/d; P&lt; 0.001) compared with ADAP14. In the total fattening period, there was no difference between treatments (P &gt;0.05), for DMIc (8.7 vs. 8.5 kg DM/d), DMIc/BW (2 vs. 2% BW), fluctuation in DMIc (4.91 vs. 4.31% DMIr/d), days to reach target (17 vs 20 d), ADG (1.3 vs. 1.3 kg/d), ADG/DMIc (0.127 vs. 0.128), fBW (483 vs. 484kg) and HCW (285 vs. 285kg). The use of an adaptation period of less than 14 days did not improve performance, and therefore would not be recommended.
PSVII-15 Evaluation of the Effects of Hormonal Implants on Efficiency, and Water Footprint of Feedlot Steers
Authors: Brody Tio , Franco Arturo Macias , da Silva Aghata Elins Moreira , Fonseca Mozart 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As freshwater sources continue to deplete, federal policy will likely marginalize water distribution towards agricultural communities more harshly. This ever-limiting resource highlights the significance of proactively improving quantification and water utilization of livestock operations. The goals herein investigated the effects of long-term implants on animal performance and water footprint. Eighteen crossbred F1 Angus x Hereford steers were randomly assigned to implanted (IMP; n = 9) or non-implanted (NIMP; n = 9) groups in two pens equipped with individual feeding gates and four RFID-automated water intake and body weight scales for a period of 135d. Steers were fed the same finishing diet across groups (400 g/kg alfalfa hay, 402 g/kg ground corn, 161 g/kg ground barley, 23.4 g/kg soybean meal, 10.8 g/kg mineral mix, and 2.7 g/kg limestone). Water footprint was classified as green, blue and grey (rainwater, surface/groundwater, and waste/contaminated water, respectively). Statistical analyses were performed on R Statistical Software following a linear mixed model methodology with the implanting treatment as a fixed effect and animal as a random effect to the intercept. Overall, expected increases in feed efficiency and performance were observed on this experiment where implanted animals had greater carcass weights (p &lt; 0.0001), average daily gains (p &lt; 0.0001), and body weights (BW; p = 0.001) all while consuming less feed by unit of BW ( p &lt; 0.0001). With regards to water, the implanted animals consumed less water per kilogram of body weight gain (p &lt; 0.0001). No differences were observed for water footprint evaluations in this experiment (p &gt; 0.5). These results highlight that genetic and metabolic mechanisms regulating feed efficiency on implanted animals may also regulate water efficiency directly or indirectly, and therefore, further warrants the investigation of these pathways in future research.
PSVIII-18 Nutrient Digestibility of Feedlot Beef Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures
Authors: Lopez Alejandra M , Sarturi Jhones O , Henry Darren H , Ciriaco Francine M , Johnson Bradley J , Scaranto Silva Kaliu G , Nardi Kaue Tonelli , Rush Camron J , Rodrigues Barbara , Peters Sarah , Manna Mikala Di 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of dietary inclusion of live bacteria on feedlot beef cattle apparent total tract nutrient digestibility were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus yearling steers (n = 192; initial BW = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen; 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered ad libitum once daily containing the following treatments: 1) Control, in which no direct fed microbial (DFM) was offered (lactose as carrier only); 2 and 3) Probiotic mixtures at distinct concentrations [Mixture A and B, at 2g/animal-daily (lactose used as carrier)]. Orts DM were quantified (if any) daily and subtracted from total dietary DM offered to calculate DM intake. Fecal samples were collected twice daily (0700 and 1700 h) for 5 consecutive days (d 68 to 72) from at least 3 steers per pen, while feed samples were collected daily. Samples were composited within period, dehydrated (55°C), and ground (1mm) for further analyses. Total fecal output was estimated with a dietary internal marker (288-h indigestible NDF) and used to calculate nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS and pen was considered the experimental unit. Intakes of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF during the digestibility assessment were not affected (P ≥ 0.13) by treatments. Steers offered DFM mixture-A tended to increase digestibility of DM (P = 0.07; 79.3 vs. 77.1%), NDF (P = 0.10; 56.9 vs. 51.6%), and hemicellulose (P = 0.08; 59.4 vs. 53.9%) compared with control, while digestibility of ADF was not affected (P = 0.24) by treatment. The DFM mixture-A seemed to positively affect apparent digestibility of nutrients in steers consuming a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet, in which improvements in the fiber fraction digestion seemed to be a meaningful contributor.
PSVIII-15 Is There any Relationship between Metabolize Energy and Fecal Starch in Nellore Cattle Under High Grain Finishing Diets?
Authors: Mendonca Filipe , Carlis Matheus , Garcia Matheus , Afonso Rafael , Leone Joao , Goulart Rodrigo , Lanna Dante 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are some evidence in the theoretical library related the potential of starch digestibility in the whole tract with EM intake. However, there is a lack of data, mainly in Nellore cattle that is the most common beef breed raised in Brazil regarding this subject. The goal of this study was to evaluate if there was any relationship between ME and FS. The data used to carry out this analysis came from a trial with different diets. The ME data were generated from the NRC (1984) that ME=0.82 DE. Therefore, through intake data were calculated the ME. FS data were provided from the same trial. FS analyses have been made using NIRS equations to Nellore Cattle developed by (Caetano et al., 2009; Caetano et al., 2019). To perform Statistics Analyses, was used a GLM mode by SAS® as well as ANOVA test to obtain the best slope. Related the EM intake data there were N= 93 read and FS data there were = 97. The outcome provided by Statistics Analyses were not significant among linear up to cubic regressions. The best fitted model was a cubic regression although the R2 were not significant, P&lt; 0.01 R2=0.04. The model was EMI=1.8 x FS-0.069xFS2+0.00076x+FS3+15.42. Therefore, by those data there were not any relationship between ME intake and FS. However, more data should be used to enhance this prediction, due to some authors such as (Harmon, 2004; McLeod et al., 2008) tried to figure out the effects of energy intake on starch digestibility in different sites. it appears that energy is much more related to fat synthesis enzymes (McLeod et al., 2008; Baldwin et al., 2006; Girard et al., 1997), not interfering in starch digestibility that might be much more related to grain processing methods than EM intake, (Owens and Zinn., 2011).
PSVI-13 Nutritional Supplementation with Leftover Food of Dairy Cows Upon Reproductive Response of Goats
Authors: de Santiago Ma Angeles , Machado Maria G , Carrillo-Moreno Dalia Ivette , Arellano-Rodríguez Fernando , Guillen Juan M , Contrearas Viridiana , Véliz-Deras Francisco Gerardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the effect of nutritional supplementation with leftover food of dairy cows upon the reproductive response of multiracial female goats fed in open range in northern Mexico (26°N, 104°W), 38 multiparous goats in extensive grazing conditions were randomly assigned to two groups with similar weight (BW; Kg) and body condition score (BCS; scale 1-5). The control group (CG; n=19; BCS 1.7± 0.03; BW 60.42 ± 1.5 Kg, fed only in native vegetation) and supplemented group (SG; n=19; BCS; 1.7± 0.07; BW 60.21± 0.97 Kg) were fed native vegetation plus a nutritional supplementation with a ration fully mixed of leftover dairy feed, which consisted of 96.67 g of corn silage, 54.08 g of alfalfa ground hay, 49.38 of soybean paste, 37.80 g of cottonseed, 124.27 g of rolled corn and 37.80 g of commercial mixture with vitamins and minerals (totaling 400g; 14.5 PC,80% DM). The diet was offered individually daily (before grazing) from day -5 to +15 of the study. All females were subject to the male effect (Day 0; 2/group) for 10 days. By transrectal ultrasonography (Aloka SSD-500; 7.5MHz) were determined: the proportions of females having ovulations (OF: day 8) and pregnant females (PF, day 45). All data were compared using a Chi-square test (IBM SPSS 25). Differences were observed (P&lt; 0.05) for OF (SG:15/19;78.9% vs CG: 9/19; 47.3%), but not for PF (SG:10/19; 52.6% vs CG: 6/19; 31.5%). We conclude that the proportion of ovulating females was greater n SG than in CG, nevertheless, the PF was not different, possibly because the time in which the nutritional supplementation was offered did not influence the period of embryonic implantation, it would be interesting to do an experiment extending the period of nutritional supplement with leftover food.
PSVI-10 Preliminary Evaluation of Small Ruminant Production Systems in Mississippi and the Southern US
Authors: Dearborn Lindsey , de Alvarez Leyla Rios , Lemus Rocky , Downey Laura , Rico-Mendez Gina , Maples Joshua , Pesato Michael , Graves Jessica 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An online survey was used to collect farmer-level data about farm characteristics, number of animals and species, and farmer socio-demographic information, to evaluate small ruminant production systems in Mississippi (MS) and the Southern USA. Survey data was collected from July 2021 to March 2022 (IRB-21-202), with 243 participants, using the support of MS Sheep and Goat Associations, and MS State University social media. Responses include farmers located in MS (66.3%), TN (9.8%), AL (6.3%), NC (3.4%), KY (2.9%), FL (2%), GA (2%), LA (2%), OK (2%), TX (2%), AR (1%), and VA (0.5%). Respondents were 53.1% females and 46% males with an average age of 45 and 48.9 years, respectively. Ethnic distribution was 96.5% non-Hispanics and 2.5% Hispanics. Race distribution was 90.2% White, 2.9% African American, 2.9% American Indian/Alaska Native, and 0.5% Asian. Educational level was 25.9% Bachelor, 24.4% Associate, 21.5% High School, and 20.5% Postgraduate. Farming experience was 30.7% (0 to 5 yr), 23.4% (6 to 10 yr), 20.5% (11 to 20 yr), 10.2% (21 to30 yr), 9.3% (31 to 40 yr), and 5.9% (&gt; 40 yr). Livestock present among farms was 70% goats, 29.6% beef, 24.7% sheep, 23.4% horses, and 4.1% dairy cattle. They indicated that 44.6% had 26 to 100 animals, 27.2% had 11 to 25, 16.8% had &lt;10 sheep/goats, 5.4% 101-150, 3.5% 151-20, and 2.5% &gt;250. Farm size in the 39% ranged from 21 to 100 ac, 24.9% &lt; 10 ac, 18% from 11 to 20 ac, and 18% &gt;100 ac. These results differ from USDA (2021) by suggesting that sheep and goat producers in the Southern US are predominantly middle-aged individuals, with medium to large size farms, and low number of years of experience in farming. These findings will be used to develop future outreach and educational programs that could help producers increase production efficiency.
PSVI-8 Effect of Social Hierarchy Upon Reproductive Traits of Dorper Rams from Northern Mexico
Authors: Contreras-Villarreal Viridiana , González-Tavizón Andrea , Meza-Herrera Cesar Alberto , Arellano-Rodríguez Fernando , Carrillo-Moreno Dalia Ivette , Calderón-Leyva Guadalupe , Ángel-García Oscar , Véliz-Deras Francisco Gerardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Social hierarchies among animal species are established on the dominance-aggressiveness level of the animal aligned with the subordination of their mates. This study aimed to evaluate the association among social rank hierarchy, scrotal circumference (SC), semen quality (SQ), and sexual drive (SD). Adult Dorper rams (n=24) with similar live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), and age (AG) were subjected to a behavioral test to define the success index (SI) based on male-to-male interactions, determining three social ranks: low hierarchy rams (LHR; SI = 0-0.33; n=9), medium hierarchy rams (MHR; SI=0.34-0.66; n=10) and high hierarchy rams (HHR; SI= 0.67-1; n=5). Afterward, the SC, SQ, and SD were evaluated. The GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) was used to analyze LW, AG, BCS, SC and SQ variables such as ejaculate volume, and sperm concentration. Microscopic characteristics of sperm cells were subjected to an ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The GENMOD procedure was used to assess the effect of social rank (three levels) on the SD variables. Differences were considered as significant at P &lt; 0.05. SC was greatest (P&lt; 0.05) for HHR rams (40.0±3.5) and least for rams with medium social rank (MHR; 29.3±1.20). SQ was greatest (P&lt; 0.05) for HHR rams (3,848±187) and least for LHR (2,660±463). The rejection percentage to mount an estrous ewe or SD was 77.7 for LHR and 20% for HHR and MHR rams (P &lt; 0.05). To conclude, the HHR rams presented the highest successful copulation, the greatest scrotal circumference, and the greatest sperm cell concentration compared with rams with lesser social rank scores.
Confronting whiteness through virtual humans: a review of 20 years of research in prejudice and racial bias using virtual environments
Authors: Hatfield Haley R , Ahn Sun Joo (Grace) , Klein Matthew , Nowak Kristine L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVirtual environments (VEs) provide novel ways for users to experience computer generated people and places, which can be used by researchers to examine and reduce racial bias. However, unless researchers consider the systemtic structures of racial inequities when designing their simulations, they may unintentionally create experiences that could prime or entrench racist beliefs or attitudes. A critical Whiteness framework guides this systematic review of 20 years of prejudice and bias reduction research in VEs. Of the 68 articles, findings indicated that virtual experiences are a promising tool in anti-bias interventions. Future research must expand to more longitudinal, behaviorally focused studies while prioritizing predictive theoretical models and meaningfully reflecting on inclusive practices within the broader bias reduction space. We discuss best practices for future research in anti-bias and anti-prejudice in VEs.
Ethics as a Moral Duty: Proposing an Integrated Ethics Framework for Migration Research
Authors: Opfermann Lena S 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article interrogates the assumptions and moral values underlying social research ethics frameworks and practices applicable to migration studies. Based on a review of forced migration literature and on empirical observations I identify three tiers of research ethics that generally guide ethical conduct in this field: procedural, relational and reciprocal ethics. I suggest that these tiers are traditionally conceptualized as a hierarchy in which certain ethical demands are considered morally superior to others. Looking at each of the three tiers the article shows that procedural and relational ethics demands are often based on unclear moral values and problematic notions of migrants’ vulnerability. To address this shortcoming, I draw on deontological ethics and on Levinas’s notion of unconditional responsibility to argue that our duty as researchers is based on our particular relationship with our research subjects rather than on their status as migrants. Moving away from a hierarchical understanding of research ethics I then propose an integrated ethics framework that allows researchers to conceptualize and address the various ethical demands in an interconnected and holistic way. This framework presents an original contribution to research ethics discourses and practice in migration studies and other fields of social inquiry with a political and moral ambition such as human rights, social work and childhood studies.
A pioneer Australian case of Savi-Scout™ assisted resection for breast cancer recurrence
Authors: Mansour Kristy Patricia , Thornton Chantel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This case describes a 48-year-old female who the first patient in Australia treated surgically with Savi-Scout™ assisted breast cancer localization, utilizing electromagnetic wave signalling for accurate depth guidance. After initial breast cancer diagnosis at age 44 treated with bilateral mastectomies and DIEP flap reconstructions, clinical surveillance found recurrent right chest wall disease. US and MRI identified a 4–6 mm interpectoral lesion; poorly differentiated metastatic micropapillary carcinoma on core biopsy. Savi-Scout™ was selected to assist localization and removal of the lesion due it’s technically challenging location. Informed consent was gained and one month pre-operatively a 12× 1.6 mm electromagnetic wave Savi-Scout™ reflector was inserted via US-guidance. A Savi-Scout™ probe guided marking, incision and dissection of subcutaneous tissues and pectoralis muscles, through localization to the reflector. The lesion and reflection were excised and confirmed on specimen radiograph, with clear histopathology margins. This technology has potential applications for challenging breast cancer cases.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis presentation in the form of a chest wall abscess with no pulmonary involvement in the UK: a case report
Authors: Saxena Shreya , Hariharan Deepak 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The presentation of an extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculous (TB) infection to a tertiary care facility in the UK is a rare event given its low prevalence. This case report focuses on an atypical presentation of an extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) infection in the form of a chest wall abscess. This was recognized and managed appropriately. This case however elucidates vital learning as migration from around the globe would contribute to an increasing number of TB/EPTB infections. The wide array and indolent nature of their presentation creates diagnostic and treatment challenges. Appreciation for the epidemiology, risk factors, effective and prompt treatment with follow up protocols would help develop pathways for better care. Within the UK, despite it being a low-risk country for TB, there is need for increased awareness, education with established management pathways and governance for TB and EPTB infections.
Gastric adenocarcinoma in the excluded stomach 18 years after bariatric surgery: a case report
Authors: Piltcher-da-Silva Rodrigo , Sasaki Vivian Laís , Bettini Luiz Francisco Cravo , Jasinski Gabriel , Bodanese Beatriz Carolina Schuta , Rhoden Guilherme Vieceli , dos Passos Tiago Zibetti , Gomes Guilherme Francisco , Santos Quézia Tizo , Aguilera Yan Sacha Hass , Paulin João Augusto Nocera , Coelho Júlio Cezar Uili 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fourth in overall cancer mortality. Bariatric surgical procedures, especially the gastric bypass surgery (GBS), raise a concern about the risk of GC in the excluded stomach (ES). Diagnosis of GC in the ES is challenging due to anatomical changes and impossibility of endoscopic access to the ES. There are few reports of GC after GBS, and it occurs more in the gastric stump than in the ES. We report a case of a 54-year-old female with GC in the ES 18 years after GBS. The increasing number of GBS and the aggressiveness of the GC show how relevant this case is to emphasize the need to consider this diagnosis in patients who develop upper abdominal symptoms, anemia or weight loss.
Antiseizure Medications Dosage Forms and Administration Guidelines
Authors: Asadi-Pooya Ali A. , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, the dosage forms, starting dose, titration schedule, maintenance dose, dose limits, and discontinuation schedule of various antiseizure medications (ASMs) are discussed. In addition, administration guidelines, contraindications, precautions, and information for patients are discussed briefly. A number of key points in the successful administration of ASMs are also discussed; among these, choosing the correct ASM for seizure type or syndrome; using the lowest possible dose to achieve seizure freedom; monitoring for adverse effects; weighing the relative risks and benefits of monotherapy versus polytherapy; and determining when surgical or non-medical therapies may be appropriate.