bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status of Planned and Ongoing Paediatric Trials Investigating COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study of Paediatric Clinical Trials Planned in Agreed PIPs and/or Registered in Clinical Trial Databases
Authors: Christiansen Helle , Thirstrup Steffen , Hallgreen Christine Erikstrup 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The immune system matures throughout childhood; therefore, evidence about the safety and efficacy of vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 in the paediatric population is important. Efficacy and safety have not been established for COVID-19 vaccines in a large part of the paediatric population at the time of the initial approval for use in adults. This study aims to provide an overview of planned and ongoing paediatric clinical trials investigating the safety and/or efficacy of COVID-19.

Methods
We identified all paediatric clinical trials investigating the safety and/or efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in clinicaltrials.gov and clinicaltrialregister.eu, as well as all clinical trials planned in agreed PIPs (Paediatric Investigational Plans) as of 11 June 2021. Information about the study design, the paediatric age groups that they included, and the primary and secondary safety and efficacy outcomes were collected, together with expected timelines for the studies.

Results
21 clinical trials were identified through the clinical trial registries and 19 clinical trials were specified in 6 agreed PIPs, 5 of these trials were also in the trial registers. All PIPs stipulated development of the COVID-19 vaccines for the full paediatric population, with a deferral. The earliest expected completion date of a PIPs is March 2024. The majority (14/21) of registered trials are randomised double-blinded studies. All investigated safety, 20 have a surrogate efficacy outcome (immunogenicity), of these 7 also measure clinical efficacy (COVID-19 infections). 18 studies were initiated, of these, all but one is still ongoing and one in adolescents has been finalised.

Conclusion
Even though several trials have been planned in agreed PIPs, the registered paediatric clinical trials identified are most often not part of a PIP.
From Linear to Circular Economy: a Transaction Cost Approach to the Ecological Transformation of the Firm
Authors: Nygaard Arne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ownership and control have been the strategic focus of organizational analyses to achieve performance. The emergence of sustainable strategies has, however, confronted conventional organizational theory because performance has become a complex concept containing both social elements and environmental dimensions together with conventional economic aspects. Increased climate change, temperature risk, and environmental hazards, as well as intertwined social consequences, create a need for new theoretical insights to understand the emerging circular organization of product lifecycle networks. The ongoing climate crisis calls for new institutional approach that challenges future organizational structures. We present a framework for integrating low-carbon ecological transformation from linear to sustainable circular inter-organizational networks. The global and circular economy increases performance ambiguity, the uncertainty of eco-opportunism, information asymmetry, and transaction costs. Consequently, sustainability makes it necessary to integrate and control organizations throughout the supply chain to avoid eco-opportunism and to economize transaction costs.
Social Connectedness Matters: Depression and Anxiety in Transgender Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tüzün Zeynep , Başar Koray , Akgül Sinem 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundGender-affirming and supportive relations for transgender youth are considered protective in terms of mental health.AimTo describe how transgender youth perceived changes in their gender expression, in the course of the gender-affirming path, and the effect of social connectedness and social support on depression and anxiety during the pandemic.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, transgender youth completed an online survey developed to evaluate the perceived changes in gender expression and affirmation path that occurred during COVID-19 and the age-stratified lockdown. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the effect of social connectedness and social support on depression and anxiety in this population during the pandemic. The participants completed the following scales: Social Connectedness Scale Revised (SCS-R), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The effect of lockdown on life conditions, gender expression, social and medical gender-affirming path, social connectedness, social support, depression, and anxiety levels were examined. Linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between BDI and STAI scores and other variables.OutcomesThe relationship between the levels of perceived social connectedness, and social support, the pandemic-related changes in living conditions and depression and anxiety scores were calculated.ResultsA total of 49 transgender youth with a mean age of 20.53 ± 1.86 years were enrolled. Participants reporting discomfort at the place they live and who had difficulties concerning gender expression and affirmation had higher depression and anxiety scores and perceived lower social support from their family. Social connectedness score was a significant negative predictor of depression severity, whereas social connectedness and social support were both significant negative predictors of anxiety severity.Clinical ImplicationsOur results show increased adversity for transgender youth when connectedness with supportive people is diminished. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social connectedness and social support perceived by transgender youth are associated with better mental health.Strengths and LimitationsThis is one of the first studies to evaluate the changes that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in transgender youth with relation to social support and connectedness, during an age-stratified lockdown. The main limitations were the small study size, skewed gender ratio and that the study sample came from a single gender clinic.ConclusionAs social connectedness and social support are significant predictors of depression and anxiety severity, special attention is needed to increase contact and support for transgender youth during the pandemic.
Categorical traces and a relative Lefschetz–Verdier formula
Authors: Lu Qing , Zheng Weizhe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe prove a relative Lefschetz–Verdier theorem for locally acyclic objects over a Noetherian base scheme. This is done by studying duals and traces in the symmetric monoidal$2$-category of cohomological correspondences. We show that local acyclicity is equivalent to dualisability and deduce that duality preserves local acyclicity. As another application of the category of cohomological correspondences, we show that the nearby cycle functor over a Henselian valuation ring preserves duals, generalising a theorem of Gabber.
TAKING REINHARDT’S POWER AWAY
Authors: MATTHEWS RICHARD 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study the notion of non-trivial elementary embeddings under the assumption that V satisfies ZFC without Power Set but with the Collection Scheme. We show that no such embedding can exist under the additional assumption that it is cofinal and either is a set or that the scheme of Dependent Choices of arbitrary length holds. We then study failures of instances of Collection in symmetric submodels of class forcings.
Informal Coalitions and Legislative Agenda Setting in Mexico’s Multiparty Presidential System
Authors: Kerevel Yann P. , Bárcena Juárez Sergio A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTTo what extent can presidents exert gatekeeping power in opposition-led legislatures? Drawing on a study of roll rates in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies, where presidents lack legislative majorities and often face a legislature controlled by the opposition, this article argues that gatekeeping power is divided among multiple actors. It finds that presidents exert weak gatekeeping power over the agenda. While presidents and their parties are rarely defeated in votes related to presidential initiatives, they generally create stable, informal coalitions with opposition parties to pass their bills. Moreover, the agenda-setting power of the president and the president’s party is weaker with bills that originate in the legislative branch, where the party is occasionally rolled on legislative initiatives and during the amendment stage if it is not also the median party.
GASKAP-HI pilot survey science I: ASKAP zoom observations of Hi emission in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Pingel N. M. , Dempsey J. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Dickey J. M. , Jameson K. E. , Arce H. , Anglada G. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Breen S. L. , Buckland-Willis F. , Clark S. E. , Dawson J. R. , Dénes H. , Di Teodoro E. M. , For B.-Q. , Foster Tyler J. , Gómez J. F. , Imai H. , Joncas G. , Kim C.-G. , Lee M.-Y. , Lynn C. , Leahy D. , Ma Y. K. , Marchal A. , McConnell D. , Miville-Deschènes M.-A. , Moss V. A. , Murray C. E. , Nidever D. , Peek J. , Stanimirović S. , Staveley-Smith L. , Tepper-Garcia T. , Tremblay C. D. , Uscanga L. , van Loon J. Th. , Vázquez-Semadeni E. , Allison J. R. , Anderson C. S. , Ball Lewis , Bell M. , Bock D. C.-J. , Bunton J. , Cooray F. R. , Cornwell T. , Koribalski B. S. , Gupta N. , Hayman D. B. , Harvey-Smith L. , Lee-Waddell K. , Ng A. , Phillips C. J. , Voronkov M. , Westmeier T. , Whiting M. T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the most sensitive and detailed view of the neutral hydrogen (

${\rm H\small I}$

) emission associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), through the combination of data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and Parkes (Murriyang), as part of the Galactic Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (GASKAP) pilot survey. These GASKAP-HI pilot observations, for the first time, reveal

${\rm H\small I}$

in the SMC on similar physical scales as other important tracers of the interstellar medium, such as molecular gas and dust. The resultant image cube possesses an rms noise level of 1.1 K (

$1.6\,\mathrm{mJy\ beam}^{-1}$

)

$\mathrm{per}\ 0.98\,\mathrm{km\ s}^{-1}$

spectral channel with an angular resolution of

$30^{\prime\prime}$

(

${\sim}10\,\mathrm{pc}$

). We discuss the calibration scheme and the custom imaging pipeline that utilises a joint deconvolution approach, efficiently distributed across a computing cluster, to accurately recover the emission extending across the entire

${\sim}25\,\mathrm{deg}^2$

field-of-view. We provide an overview of the data products and characterise several aspects including the noise properties as a function of angular resolution and the represented spatial scales by deriving the global transfer function over the full spectral range. A preliminary spatial power spectrum analysis on individual spectral channels reveals that the power law nature of the density distribution extends down to scales of 10 pc. We highlight the scientific potential of these data by comparing the properties of an outflowing high-velocity cloud with previous ASKAP+Parkes

${\rm H\small I}$

test observations.
The Right Accounting of Wrongs: Examining Temporal Changes to Human Rights Monitoring and Reporting
Authors: Arnon Daniel , Haschke Peter , Park Baekkwan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScholars contend that the reason for stasis in human rights measures is a biased measurement process, rather than stagnating human rights practices. We argue that bias may be introduced as part of the compilation of the human rights reports that serve as the foundation of human rights measures. An additional source of potential bias may be human coders, who translate human rights reports into human rights scores. We first test for biases via a machine-learning approach using natural language processing and find substantial evidence of bias in human rights scores. We then present findings of an experiment on the coders of human rights reports to assess whether potential changes in the coding procedures or interpretation of coding rules affect scores over time. We find no evidence of coder bias and conclude that human rights measures have changed over time and that bias is introduced as part of monitoring and reporting.
Voter Turnout Decline and Party Responsiveness
Authors: Ezrow Lawrence , Krause Werner 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNumerous studies conclude that declining turnout is harmful for democracy. However, we uncover the arguably positive effect that political parties become more responsive to the median voter in the election after turnout has decreased. We assume that parties are vote seeking and show that moderate voters are responsible for changes in turnout, and we argue that declining turnout in an election sends a clear signal to political parties that there is an opportunity to mobilize disaffected voters in the following election by responding to changes in public opinion. We report the results of statistical analyses on data from thirteen democracies from 1977 to 2018 that provide evidence that declining voter turnout in one inter-election period is associated with increasing party responsiveness to public opinion in the following period. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of voter turnout, political representation, and parties' election strategies.
Understanding factors influencing wheat productivity in Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Kihara J. , Gurmessa B. , Tamene L. , Amede T. , Sommer R. 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Increasing yields in farmer fields is a priority to address increasing food demands. The study was conducted within four wheat-growing areas in Ethiopia: Debre Birhan, Hosaina, Sinana and Maychew. The objectives were to identify (1) best-bet soil fertility management options based on agronomic performance and economic evaluation and (2) key yield-reducing factors in farmer fields based on an agronomic survey among 55 participating farmers. Two types of on-farm experiments were conducted: researcher-managed trials that tested combinations of nutrients, including micronutrients, organic resources or both over two cropping seasons and farmer-managed trials comparing ‘improved practice’ against ‘farmer’s practice’. Fertilizer treatment affected wheat productivity in Debre Birhan (p < 0.01), a site limited in sulphur. Here, full NPK increased yields over the control (p < 0.05), whereas a combination of NPK and manure was better than the application of manure as the only source of added nutrients (p < 0.05). Applying half the recommended NPK with micronutrients and manure achieved similar yields as the full fertilizer treatment. In Hosaina, treatment had no significant effect on wheat productivity, although a combination of NPK and zinc resulted in an additional 26–57% yield relative to the other treatments. In Maychew, a significant treatment effect (p < 0.05) was observed. Here, the treatment with lower rates of nitrogen and phosphorous had lower yields than the full NPK treatment. A significant effect of plant densities on on-farm productivity was also observed. We conclude that although nutrient management including use of micronutrients is important in specific cases, investments to optimize plant densities have a huge potential to increase food productivity.
In memory of Professor Iain Wilkinson: cognitive and neuroimaging endophenotypes in a consanguineous schizophrenia multiplex family
Authors: Wilkinson Iain D. , Mahmood Tariq , Yasmin Sophia Faye , Tomlinson Anneka , Nazari Jamshid , Alhaj Hamid , el din Soumaya Nasser , Neill Joanna , Pandit Chhaya , Ashraf Shahzad , Cardno Alastair G. , Clapcote Steven J. , Inglehearn Chris F. , Woodruff Peter W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia endophenotypes may help elucidate functional effects of genetic risk variants in multiply affected consanguineous families that segregate recessive risk alleles of large effect size. We studied the association between a schizophrenia risk locus involving a 6.1Mb homozygous region on chromosome 13q22–31 in a consanguineous multiplex family and cognitive functioning, haemodynamic response and white matter integrity using neuroimaging.MethodsWe performed CANTAB neuropsychological testing on four affected family members (all homozygous for the risk locus), ten unaffected family members (seven homozygous and three heterozygous) and ten healthy volunteers, and tested neuronal responses on fMRI during an n-back working memory task, and white matter integrity on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on four affected and six unaffected family members (four homozygous and two heterozygous) and three healthy volunteers. For cognitive comparisons we used a linear mixed model (Kruskal–Wallis) test, followed by posthoc Dunn's pairwise tests with a Bonferroni adjustment. For fMRI analysis, we counted voxels exceeding the p < 0.05 corrected threshold. DTI analysis was observational.ResultsFamily members with schizophrenia and unaffected family members homozygous for the risk haplotype showed attention (p < 0.01) and working memory deficits (p < 0.01) compared with healthy controls; a neural activation laterality bias towards the right prefrontal cortex (voxels reaching p < 0.05, corrected) and observed lower fractional anisotropy in the anterior cingulate cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.ConclusionsIn this family, homozygosity at the 13q risk locus was associated with impaired cognition, white matter integrity, and altered laterality of neural activation.
Madame Mariquita, Greek Dance, and French Ballet Modernism
Authors: Gutsche-Miller Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article seeks to correct prevailing narratives of French ballet modernism, which exclude one of its earliest and most significant choreographers, Madame Mariquita. Although long overshadowed by the Diaghilev enterprise and by dancers such as Isadora Duncan, Mariquita's experiments with creating dances that drew on ancient Greek imagery while ballet mistress at the Paris Opéra-Comique in the early 1900s were central to ballet culture in France at a pivotal moment in dance history. This article discusses Mariquita's nascent ballet modernism through her choreography of Greek dances as well as her engagement with early twentieth-century French dance and broader cultural trends.
Dancing to Transgress: Palestinian Dancer Sahar Damoni's Politics of Pleasure
Authors: Ophir Hodel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a woman Palestinian dancer and choreographer in Israel, Sahar Damoni performs within multiple contexts of cultural, gendered, and political oppression, employing her bodily art to challenge these structures, most poignantly through dances that express and evoke pleasure and sensual joy. Offering a detailed ethnography of three of Damoni's performances within one year in Israel/Palestine, I argue that an examination of her artistry provides unique insight into the intricate workings—and transgressions—of gender, ethnic, and national boundaries through the movement of the body in dance.
Design, modeling, and testing of a soft actuator with variable stiffness using granular jamming
Authors: Hu Junfeng , Liang Long , Zeng Bin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoft robots combine the load-bearing capability of rigid material with the resilience, shape-shifting capabilities of soft materials. This paper presents a novel soft actuator with stiffness variation using particulate jamming technology. We design a hybrid composite structure consisting of driving layer and jamming layer. The driving layer with the arc air chamber aim to achieve large bending deformation. A membrane containing particles is integrated with driving layer to module its stiffness. The influence factors of stiffness variation were analyzed from energy of point of view. The dependence of granular attributes on the stiffness of the actuator was studied. Furthermore, we illustrated influence of stiffness changes on the kinematic and dynamic performance of the soft actuator. The experimental results showed these performance indexes are twofold. On the one hand, the structural parameters have significant effect on the bending angle, but on the other hand they have little effect on the end force. We found that flow resistance inside air chamber results in bending morphology variation. The dynamic response subjected to a square-wave air pressure was analyzed to exhibit the actuator’s transient and steady vibration behavior. The actuator with greater stiffness has faster responsiveness, but smaller range of motion. These conclusions are helpful to adjust the stiffness behavior and to improve motion performance.
Topic selection process in health technology assessment agencies around the world: a systematic review
Authors: Qiu Yingpeng , Thokala Praveen , Dixon Simon , Marchand Robert , Xiao Yue 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to systematically review the process for topic selection by health technology assessment (HTA) agencies around the world to provide the knowledge base for the improvement of topic selection frameworks in HTA agencies.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE to identify papers up to February 2019. Gray literature was identified by screening the Web sites of HTA agencies on the nonprofit member list of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA). Data were extracted for each HTA agency and synthesized, with issues including general contextual information about each agency and the process of topic selection.

Results
Out of forty-nine nonprofit members of INAHTA, a total of seventeen HTA agencies with a framework for topic selection were identified from twenty-two included papers/documents. Multiple criteria were used for topic selection in all frameworks and agencies undertook multiple steps, which could include the specification of criteria for topic selection, identification of topics, short listing of potential topics, scoping of potential topics, scoring and ranking of potential topics, and deliberation and decision on final topics for HTA. Shortcomings were found in relation to methods of scoring and ranking as well as lack of monitoring and the evaluation of the process.

Conclusions
Our study provides insights into the current practice of topic selection in HTA agencies. Multiple criteria decision analysis methodology appears highly relevant to these processes. A consensus approach for the development of methods of topic selection would be valuable for the HTA community.