bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The meiotic topoisomerase VI B subunit (MTOPVIB) is essential for meiotic DNA double-strand break formation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Steckenborn Stefan , Cuacos Maria , Ayoub Mohammad A. , Feng Chao , Schubert Veit , Hoffie Iris , Hensel Götz , Kumlehn Jochen , Heckmann Stefan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Key message
In barley (Hordeum vulgare), MTOPVIB is critical for meiotic DSB and accompanied SC and CO formation while dispensable for meiotic bipolar spindle formation.

Abstract
Homologous recombination during meiosis assures genetic variation in offspring. Programmed meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired as crossover (CO) or non-crossover (NCO) during meiotic recombination. The meiotic topoisomerase VI (TopoVI) B subunit (MTOPVIB) plays an essential role in meiotic DSB formation critical for CO-recombination. More recently MTOPVIB has been also shown to play a role in meiotic bipolar spindle formation in rice and maize. Here, we describe a meiotic DSB-defective mutant in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) endonuclease-generated mtopVIB plants show complete sterility due to the absence of meiotic DSB, synaptonemal complex (SC), and CO formation leading to the occurrence of univalents and their unbalanced segregation into aneuploid gametes. In HvmtopVIB plants, we also frequently found the bi-orientation of sister kinetochores in univalents during metaphase I and the precocious separation of sister chromatids during anaphase I. Moreover, the near absence of polyads after meiosis II, suggests that despite being critical for meiotic DSB formation in barley, MTOPVIB seems not to be strictly required for meiotic bipolar spindle formation.
Real-time assessment of anteroposterior stability of spinal segments
Authors: Cornaz Frédéric , Haupt Samuel , Farshad Mazda , Widmer Jonas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
While anteroposterior instability of spinal segments is regarded as an important biomechanical aspect in the clinical evaluation of lumbar pathologies, the reliability of the available diagnostic tools is limited and an intraoperative method to quantify stability is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure the anteroposterior stability of a spinal segments in real-time.

Methods
Torsi of five fresh-frozen human cadavers were used for this study. After pedicle screw insertion, a specifically modified reposition tool composed with load and linear sensors was used to measure the segmental anteroposterior motion caused by 100 N anterior and posterior force during 5 loading cycles on either side of the instrumentation by two different operators. The spinal segments were then resected from the torsi and anteroposterior loading with ± 100 N was repeated in an advanced biomechanical spine testing setup as a reference measurement. The Inter-correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for validation of the “intraoperative” device.

Results
Inter-operator repeatability of the measurements showed an ICC of 0.93 (p < 0.0001) and the bilateral (left–right) comparison had an ICC of 0.73 (p < 0.0001). The ICC resulting from the comparison to the reference measurement was 0.82 (p < 0.0001) without offset correction, and 0.9 (p < 0.0001) with offset correction. The ICC converged at this value already after two of the five performed loading cycles.

Conclusion
An accurate and reliable measurement tool is developed and validated for real-time quantification of anteroposterior stability of spinal segments and serves as a basis for future intraoperative use.
AnatomySketch: An Extensible Open-Source Software Platform for Medical Image Analysis Algorithm Development
Authors: Zhuang Mingrui , Chen Zhonghua , Wang Hongkai , Tang Hong , He Jiang , Qin Bobo , Yang Yuxin , Jin Xiaoxian , Yu Mengzhu , Jin Baitao , Li Taijing , Kettunen Lauri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of medical image analysis algorithm is a complex process including the multiple sub-steps of model training, data visualization, human–computer interaction and graphical user interface (GUI) construction. To accelerate the development process, algorithm developers need a software tool to assist with all the sub-steps so that they can focus on the core function implementation. Especially, for the development of deep learning (DL) algorithms, a software tool supporting training data annotation and GUI construction is highly desired. In this work, we constructed AnatomySketch, an extensible open-source software platform with a friendly GUI and a flexible plugin interface for integrating user-developed algorithm modules. Through the plugin interface, algorithm developers can quickly create a GUI-based software prototype for clinical validation. AnatomySketch supports image annotation using the stylus and multi-touch screen. It also provides efficient tools to facilitate the collaboration between human experts and artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms. We demonstrate four exemplar applications including customized MRI image diagnosis, interactive lung lobe segmentation, human-AI collaborated spine disc segmentation and Annotation-by-iterative-Deep-Learning (AID) for DL model training. Using AnatomySketch, the gap between laboratory prototyping and clinical testing is bridged and the development of MIA algorithms is accelerated. The software is opened athttps://github.com/DlutMedimgGroup/AnatomySketch-Software.
The role of microRNAs in the modulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts activity during pancreatic cancer pathogenesis
Authors: Barrera Lawrence N. , Ridley P. Matthew , Bermejo-Rodriguez Camino , Costello Eithne , Perez-Mancera Pedro A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the deadliest of the common cancers. A major hallmark of PDAC is an abundant and dense fibrotic stroma, the result of a disproportionate deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main mediators of PDAC desmoplasia. CAFs represent a heterogenous group of activated fibroblasts with different origins and activation mechanisms. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with critical activity during tumour development and resistance to chemotherapy. Increasing evidence has revealed that miRNAs play a relevant role in the differentiation of normal fibroblasts into CAFs in PDAC. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of miRNAs in the activation of CAFs during the progression of PDAC and its response to therapy, as well as the potential role that PDAC-derived exosomal miRNAs may play in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and formation of liver metastasis. Since targeting of CAF activation may be a viable strategy for PDAC therapy, and miRNAs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets, understanding the biology underpinning miRNA-mediated tumour cell-CAF interactions is an important component in guiding rational approaches to treating this deadly disease.
The effect of radiofrequency heat treatment on trypsin inhibitor activity and in vitro digestibility of soybean varieties (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Takács Krisztina , Szabó Erika E. , Nagy András , Cserhalmi Zsuzsanna , Falusi János , Gelencsér Éva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKunitz (KTI) and Bowman-Birk (BBI) trypsin inhibitors were characterized in soybean seeds. Cultivars having KTI/BBI (Pannónia Kincse, PK) or lacking KTI (Aries; Hilario; Bahia) were assessed with well-characterized soybean varieties having Ti-a or ti types of KTI mobility. The TIA values of Pannónia Kincse (9.8 ± 0.48 mg/g) were not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from Ti-a samples (10.07 ± 1.86 mg/g), while of Aires, Bahia, Hilario (6.19 ± 1.89) were identical (p ≤ 0.05) with ti samples (6.63 ± 1.99). Radiofrequency heat treatment (RF) decreased TIA values (p ≤ 0.05) at ≥ 100 °C. However, in the traditional soybean variety, the RF at 110 °C was more effective in eliminating the residual KTI activity. The remaining or the disapperaing bioactive form of trypsin inhibitors were succesfully characterized by the means of a standardized in vitro digestion model. It showed that residual BBI-originated trypsin inhibitor activity was in the stomach even after RF at 110 °C, whereas its chymotrypsin inhibitor activity was not detectable at all. Although PK and KTI null types of soybean seeds still required an energy-saving, gentle heat treatment to inactive the trypsin inhibitors before using them as food or feed, the physicochemical properties and processing quality of soybean products were protected, improved.
Heat-affected zone ferrite content control of a duplex stainless steel grade to enhance weldability
Authors: Higelin Anne , Le Manchet Sandra , Passot Gilles , Cissé Sarata , Grocki John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuplex stainless steels (DSS) have a microstructure consisting of 50% ferrite α and 50% austenite γ. This two-phase microstructure provides the duplex stainless steels with attractive mechanical and corrosion properties. However, the microstructure is very dependent on the heat treatment and chemical composition. During the welding process, the temperature reached in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) retransforms austenite into ferrite. Due to the high cooling rates, only a part of the ferrite is retransformed into austenite. This tends to modify the 50/50 phase equilibrium. The cooling rate is linked not only to heat input but also to the thickness of the welded plates. Most of the standards limit the ferrite content in the range from 30 to 70%. However, the 70% limit for ferrite content in HAZ may be difficult to obtain especially for heavy plate thicknesses. To limit the maximum ferrite content in HAZ, a duplex stainless grade with high nitrogen and nickel within the 2205 composition range, called Arctic 2205, was developed. This paper will provide details on ferrite content measurement by metallographic method and welding results obtained on industrial welds showing very low and stable ferrite content in HAZ. Mechanical properties obtained on these welds at low temperature will also be reported, pushing the limits of use of duplex from − 50 °C (− 58 °F) down to − 100 °C (− 148 °F).
The full employment interest rate implicit in classical economic theory
Authors: Cole Nicolas D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBy including the rate of normal profit in a simple model of the macro-economy, the full employment interest rate is deduced to be 4½% at which Labor is not exploited by Capital. Criticisms by Marx and Keynes of the free-market economy were misdirected at Classical theory instead of the manipulation of interest rates by Central Banks to favour Capital over Labor.
Proof of concept study: a novel mobile in-canopy imaging system for detecting symptoms of fungal diseases in cereals
Authors: Dammer Karl-Heinz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo recognize species-specific symptoms of plant diseases automatically, a near surface imaging at a sub-millimeter scale is necessary. Current investigations relate to an inspection of the upper visible crop parts using camera imaging from above the canopy. The paper presents primarily results using a sensor system, which is operating inside the canopy to monitor the vertical health status of winter wheat. This in-canopy sensor is also inspecting lower, invisible crop parts. With this technology a spatial and temporal precise crop protection—a future spraying of only the infected field parts would be possible. A commercially available camera with an NIR filter was attached to a vertical rod. To protect the camera while moving through the crop, it was installed inside a tube. This tube guaranteed a constant distance to the crop tissue so that it did not cover the camera lens. The mobile device was flexibly mounted on the back, three-point linkage of a tractor. In this first use example, the sensor was operated inside the crop canopy to inspect the lower leaves and directly at the canopy surface to inspect the upper leaves and the ears. In the images of the leaves inside the canopy, symptoms of tan spot (anamorphDrechslera tritici-repentis(Died.) Shoemaker) were clearly visible at flowering. When the camera was operated at the canopy level, black ears (caused by black point/kernel smudge/black head molds) were visible at milk ripeness.
Transition trajectory generation with time-scaled trigonometric series control parameterization
Authors: Hong Haichao , Piprek Patrick , Hu Shiqiang , Holzapfel Florian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with shaping the time behavior of controls for generating transition trajectories. Parameterizing controls with trigonometric series enables infinite differentiability with respect to time, which is very appealing in real operations. In practice, one may desire the controls to have a specific distribution over time. However, to achieve this usually relies on judicious selection of the cost function. To this end, this paper introduces a time-scaling transformation for the trigonometric series. It yields an intuitive and flexible way to design the controls tailored to the desired shape of a transition maneuver. The process does not rely on additional design effort for the cost function. The proposed method is applied to generating a transition trajectory that converges to the desired condition earlier in comparison to the unscaled formulation. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Decomposition of biomass gasification tar model compounds over waste tire pyrolysis char
Authors: Al-Rahbi Amal S. , Williams Paul T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGasification of biomass produces a syngas containing trace amounts of viscous hydrocarbon tar, which causes serious problems in downstream pipelines, valves and processing equipment. This study focuses on the use of tire-derived pyrolysis char for tar conversion using biomass tar model compounds representative of tar. The catalytic decomposition of tar model compounds, including methylnaphthalene, furfural, phenol, and toluene, over tire char was investigated using a fixed bed reactor at a bed temperature of 700 °C and 60 min time on stream. The influence of temperature, reaction time, porous texture, and acidity of the tire char was investigated with the use of methylnaphthalene as the tar model compound. Oxygenated tar model compounds were found to have higher conversion than those containing a single or multi-aromatic ring. The reactivity of tar compounds followed the order of furfural > phenol > toluene > methylnaphthalene. The conversion of the model compounds in the presence of the tire char was much higher than tar thermal cracking. Gas production increased dramatically with the introduction of tire char. The H2 potential for the studied tar model compounds was found to be in the range of 40%–50%. The activity of tire char for naphthalene removal was compared with two commercial activated carbons possessing a very well-developed porous texture. The results suggest that the influence of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the carbon on tar cracking is negligible compared with the mineral content in the carbon samples.
Graphical abstract
Medical Knowledge Graph to Promote Rational Drug Use: Model Development and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Liao Xiong , Liao Meng , Guo Andi , Luo Xinran , Li Ziwei , Chen Weiyuan , Li Tianrui , Du Shengdong , Jia Zhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKnowledge Graph (KG) has been proven effective in representing and modeling structured information, especially in the medical domain. However, obtaining structured medical information usually depends on the manual processing of medical experts. Meanwhile, the construction of Medical Knowledge Graph (MKG) remains a crucial problem in medical informatization. This work presents a novel method for constructing MKGto drive the application of Rational Drug Use (RDU). We first collect and preprocess the corpora from various types of resources, and then develop a medical ontology via studying the concepts in RDUdomain, authoritative books and drug instructions. Based on the medical ontology, we formulate a scheme to annotate the corpora and construct the dataset for extracting entities and relations. We utilize two mechanisms to extract entities and relations respectively. The former is based on deep learning, while the latter is the rule-based method. In the last stage, we disambiguate and standardize the results of entity relation extraction to construct and enrich the MKG. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Assessment of Emergency Department Staff Awareness of Policy and Expert Opinion Protocol Regarding Active Shooter Events
Authors: Wallen Michelle F. , Drone Emily , Lee Jenny , Ganti Latha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Active shooter incidents (ASI) have continued to increase over the years, with the majority of attacks occurring in the workplace. Workplace violence in the hospital setting is a growing concern in the emergency department (ED). While ASI are inherently unpredictable by nature, it is prudent to be prepared for these scenarios in the hospital to prevent fatalities. The goal of this study is to access the level of familiarity of emergency department staff with ASI hospital policy and response protocol.

Methods:
A survey of ED employees was distributed using the Qualtrics® platform via an electronic link. The study was approved by the University of Central Florida College of Medicine’s IRB.

Results:
Only 10% had participated in an ASI drill in the past year. Personnel who answered “no” to the question, To your knowledge, is there a hospital-based emergency action plan in the event of ASI?, were significantly more likely to feel unprepared for an ASI (P < 0.0001). Those who did not receive training for a hospital-based emergency action plan were similarly less likely to feel prepared (P = 0.0002).

Conclusion:
Most ED providers in the survey reported feeling unprepared to handle an ASI in the emergency department. This study underscores the need to implement regular training on ASIs for ED staff.
Forty-Years of the Modernization of Chinese Socialist Legality: Strategy, Lacuna, and Outlook
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Yan Wenjia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt has been forty years since the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) initiated the modernization project of Post-Mao China. As with other sectors, learning from the West was one of the basic strategies taken by the CCP to achieve the modernization of Chinese socialist legality, even as Chinese law is meant to be grounded in the orthodoxies of Marxism-Leninism. In order to learn from the West, the CCP generally adopted an elastic and dualistic approach to reform that is based on the utilitarian incentives of Deng Xiaoping. In the political sector, for example, the CCP looked back into the past and the CCP’s successful experiences under Marxist-Leninist doctrine. The aim was to immunize politics from the influence of western liberal-democratic ideology. But in the economic area, the CCP moved toward the West by vigorously adopting advanced western rules and institutions for managing the economy. This article examines how this strategy formed the basic contours of Chinese socialist legality in the past forty years. The article identifies the resulting internal lacuna, especially with respect to the realization of the “rule of law.” This article also analyses the possible future of a Chinese-socialist rule of law. That possibility will be affected by changing external circumstances, particularly the deterioration of China-US relations.
Drag model from interface-resolved simulations of particle sedimentation in a periodic domain and vertical turbulent channel flows
Authors: Xia Yan , Yu Zhaosheng , Pan Dingyi , Lin Zhaowu , Guo Yu 
Published: June 2022

A drag correlation is established for laminar particle-laden flows, based on data from the interfaced-resolved direct numerical simulations (IR-DNS) of particle sedimentation in a periodic domain at density ratio ranging from 2 to 1000, particle concentration ranging from 0.59 % to 14.16 %, and particle Reynolds number below 132. Our drag decreases slightly with increasing density ratio when the other parameters are fixed. The drag correlation is then corrected to account for the turbulence effect by introducing the relative turbulent kinetic energy, from the IR-DNS data of the upward turbulent channel flows laden with the particles larger than the Kolmogorov length scale at relatively low particle volume fractions. A drift velocity model is developed to obtain the effective slip velocity from the interphase mean velocity difference for the vertical turbulent channel flow by considering the effects of particle inertia, particle concentration distribution and large-scale streamwise vortices.
Food insecurity in Dutch disadvantaged neighbourhoods: a socio-ecological approach
Authors: Janssen Jolien M. M. , van der Velde Laura A. , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFood insecurity is an important public health concern; however, research into this phenomenon within the Netherlands is limited. Food insecurity is not solely related to individual factors, but can also be influenced by various factors in the social and physical environment. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of food insecurity within the personal, social and physical environment, based on the social ecological model (SEM), and to identify their relative importance for experiencing food insecurity. The study population consisted of 307 participants living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods of the Dutch city The Hague, of which approximately one-quarter were food insecure. Participant characteristics showing bivariate associationsP< 0⋅20 were placed in a predetermined level of the SEM, after which a multivariate logistic regression was performed for each level and the Nagelkerke pseudoR2was presented. Determinants of food insecurity were BMI, gross monthly income, highest educational attainment, smoking status, diet quality, employment status, marital status and religion (P< 0⋅05). The results showed that 29⋅7 % of the total variance in food insecurity status was explained by all included determinants together. The personal, social and physical environment explained 20⋅6, 14⋅0 and 2⋅4 % of the total variance, respectively. Our findings suggest that determinants within the personal environment are most important for explaining differences in experienced food insecurity. The present study contributes to furthering the knowledge about the relative importance of the personal, social and physical environment, indicating that determinants within the personal environment may be most promising for developing targeted interventions to reduce food insecurity.