bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moxidectin induces lethal autophagy arrest via CFTR
Authors: Mao Yushan , Xie Hanhan , Shu Dan , Cheng Lin , Lan Jingbin , Pan Kejian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hence， developing new therapeutic drugs for CRC is very important. Moxidectin (MOX) has shown good anti-glioblastoma effect both in vitro and in vivo, This study aimed to elucidate the anti-CRC effect of MOX and its potential mechanism. By investigating the influence of MOX on the viability, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy of colorectal cancer cells (HCT15 and SW620) and its underlying mechanisms. It was found that MOX can induce autophagy arrest, promote autophagy initiation, inhibit autophagic flux and cell proliferation, simultaneously PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and microtubule acetylation. Furthermore, MOX suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors, which was consistent with the in vitro results.
The Association of Trastuzumab with Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in Breast Cancer Patients in Routine Clinical Practice: A Population Based Propensity Score Matching and Competing Risk Model Analysis
Authors: Wu Wen-Chi , Huang Chi-Cheng , Tsai Yi-Fang , Lin Yen-Shu , Feng Chin-Jung , Chen Yen-Jen , Lai Jin-I , Chao Ta-Chung , Liu Chun-Yu , Tseng Ling-Ming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Trastuzumab, a potent anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody, is conditionally reimbursed by the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) for HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity studies have well characterized heart failure but fewer addressed arrhythmia, particularly the association of potential life threatening atrial fibrillation (Af) is poorly characterized. We aimed to study the trastuzumab-related risk of Af and HF by using the claimed data of Taiwan NHI.
Methods
A nationwide retrospective cohort of patients with BC from the Taiwan NHI reimbursement database from January 2007 to December 2016 was analyzed. Propensity score matching and competing risk model analysis were used for adjusting confounding concurrent medication or comorbidities and competing events. The HF study was used to validate the method used.
Results
For Af, 12,472 trastuzumab users were matched with 12,472 non-trastuzumab users. For HF, 12,241 trastuzumab users and 12,241 non-users were enrolled. We found that trastuzumab users had significantly worse HF-free survival but not Af-free survival than non-trastuzumab users. In the competing risk analysis, the use of trastuzumab did not increase the risk of Af (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, P = 0.0006) but was associated with HF (HR 1.19, P = 0.0052). The risk trends among stratifications by comorbidities and concurrent medication remained in similar directions for both Af and HF.
Conclusion
Trastuzumab in real-world practice was not associated with an increased risk of Af in BC patients. However, its arrhythmogenic effects may be masked by more prominent roles of comorbidities or concurrent medications. Further studies are required.
In the mind of Narcissus: The Mediating Role of Emotional Regulation in the Emergence of Distorted Cognitions
Authors: Vida Dorian , Láng András , Áfra Eszter , Kemény Viktor , Czibor Andrea , Csapó Gyöngyvér , Putz Ádám , Bandi Szabolcs 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Currently narcissism is considered one of the most widespread modern "diseases". As a consequence, its different types (grandiose and vulnerable narcissism) have been approached from several different perspectives. The present research attempts to investigate the differences between the two types of narcissism and their links with different cognitive components that are connected to these personality traits. The primary aim of our study is to investigate the maladaptive schemas (entitlement, vulnerability, emotional deprivation) and cognitive evaluation systems (self-esteem, systemizing-empathizing) associated with narcissism. In order to ensure the associations of the observed constructs, we used correlational and a specific form of structural equation modelling (SEM), pathway analysis.The results show that the early maladaptive schemas have a large impact on the development of narcissism and on the empathizing system. The different subtypes of narcissism have different effects on self-esteem, while gender and age have a minor effect on self-esteem and the empathizing system too. Hopefully, these empirical results can be applied in counselling as well as in clinical practice.
Diversity of viroids infecting grapevines in South Africa
Authors: Morgan Seamus W. , Read David A. , Burger Johan T. , Pietersen Gerhard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Seven viroid species have been reported to infect grapevine namely, hop stunt viroid (HSVd), grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd-1), grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 (GYSVd-2), Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd), Japanese grapevine viroid (JGVd), grapevine latent viroid (GLVd), and citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd). In this study, RNA sequence (RNA-Seq) data, from 229 Vitis accessions from the field maintained South African Vitis germplasm collection vineyard, were analysed to determine the diversity of the viroids present. Five of the seven known grapevine infecting viroids were very commonly found, with 214 of the 229 samples containing at least one viroid species. HSVd, GYSVd-1, GYSVd-2, AGVd, and JGVd were identified in the RNA-Seq data of the samples and confirmed with RT-PCR detection and Sanger sequencing. The HSVd sequences indicated the presence of two variants, with one showing multiple nucleotide insertions. AGVd and GYSVd-2 did not display significant sequence diversity, confirming past international studies. GYSVd-1 occurred as four major variants worldwide and representatives of all four were identified in this vineyard. This is first report on the diversity of viroids infecting grapevine in South Africa and the first report of JGVd outside of Japan. Further studies are needed to fully assess the population and to identify potentially new viroid species.
Phylogenomic investigation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and related species using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)
Authors: Sardouei-Nasab Somayeh , Nemati Zahra , Mohammadi-Nejad Ghasem , Haghi Reza , Blattner Frank R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is a source of high-quality edible oil growing in moisture-limited environments. Despite its economic importance, the relationships to close wild species in Carthamus and the presence and relationships of ecotypes within safflower are still not fully clarified. Here we use genotyping-by-sequencing to identify the wild progenitor of C. tinctorius, infer phylogenetic relationship within series Carthamus and identify groups of closely related lineages within cultivated safflower. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses found C. palaestinus to be the closest relative and single progenitor of C. tinctorius, which confirms the Levant as the area of domestication of the crop. Flow cytometry showed all analyzed samples of C. oxyacantha, C. palaestinus and C. tinctorius to be diploid (2n = 2x = 24) with 2C genome sizes of 2.4 to 2.7 pg. Analyses of a set of 114 worldwide distributed safflower accessions arrived at two to five genetic groups, which showed, however, no correlation with the geographic origins of these accessions. From this, we conclude that the trade of safflower seeds resulted in multiple introductions of genotypes from the Levant to other areas with suitable climate conditions for the plant, as well as exchange of genotypes among these areas.
Correlation between Computed Tomography Imaging Features and Clinical Characteristics of Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Li Shihao , Li Zihao , Dong BO , Wu Chunli , Wu Bin , Sheng YinLiang , Qi Yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective: To explore the correlation between computed tomography (CT) imaging features and clinical characteristics, Masaoka-Koga stage, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and World Health Organization (WHO) histological classification of patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Methods: A total of 209 patients with TETs who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT from October 2013 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical information, CT imaging features and pathological findings were assessed for each patient. A total of 164 patients were followed up from the date of surgery until January 2022, and information on survival and postoperative recurrence were obtained. The relationship between CT imaging features and clinical features, Masaoka-Koga stage, TNM stage and WHO histological classification of TETs was evaluated. Risk factors related to Masaoka-Koga stage, TNM stage and WHO histological classification were determined.Results: Among all radiographic and clinical features, tumor shape, contour, calcification, internal density, fat plane separating tumor from vessels, infiltration of surrounding fat, adjacent lung changes, degree of abutment of vessel circumference, presence of effusion, lymphadenopathy, CA125 and CA724 differed significantly between TNM stage I/II and III/IV TETs. Infiltration of surrounding fat (odds ratio [OR] = 4.296, P = 0.015) and lymphadenopathy (OR = 3.753, P = 0.041) were independent risk factors. Tumor shape, contour, calcification, internal density, fat plane separating tumor from vessels, infiltration of surrounding fat, adjacent lung changes, degree of abutment of vessel circumference, presence of effusion, lymphadenopathy and pleural nodularity differed significantly between Masaoka-Koga stage I/II and III/IV thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Infiltration of surrounding fat (OR = 11.855, P<0.0001) was an independent risk factor. Tumor shape, fat plane separating tumor from vessels, infiltration of surrounding fat, lymphadenopathy and myasthenia gravis differed significantly between WHO classification high-risk and low-risk group. Gender (OR = 2.27, P = 0.044), tumor shape (OR = 4.044, P = 0.001), infiltration of surrounding fat (OR = 3.617, P = 0.005), lymphadenopathy (OR = 4.565, P = 0.015) and myasthenia gravis (OR = 4.309, P<0.0001) were independent risk factors.Conclusions: Some CT imaging and clinical features were significantly correlated with Masaoka-Koga stage, TNM stage and WHO histological classification in TET patients. Therefore, knowledge of CT features considered independent risk factors can aid in preoperative evaluation, decision-making and postoperative management of TET patients.
Masked Molecule Modeling: A New Paradigm of Molecular Representation Learning for Chemistry Understanding
Authors: He Jiyan , Tian Keyu , Luo Shengjie , Min Yaosen , Zheng Shuxin , Shi Yu , He Di , Liu Haiguang , Yu Nenghai , Wang Liwei , Wu Ji , Liu Tie-Yan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Molecular representation learning is essential to deep learning for chemistry, where the molecules are embedded into continuous real-valued vectors as better representations in the large chemical space.
Traditional molecular representation learning requires high-quality labels for molecules. However, the precise physicochemical or pharmacological properties of the molecules are expensive to measure and collect. Therefore, self-supervised training of deep learning models on large-scale cheap available chemical data is becoming an increasingly popular choice in research and practice. Masked auto-encoder is one of the most common self-supervised pretext tasks used in molecular representation learning. However, previous masked auto-encoder based methods focus on learning the existence of compounds, which may not be sufficient for chemical understanding. In this paper, we present the Masked Molecule Modeling (MMM), an emerging self-supervised paradigm of molecular representation learning, which is a simple yet mighty pretext task by exploiting the contextualized chemical semantics in more than two million reactions. As a result, the molecular representations learned by MMM shows promising performance on a wide range of real-world tasks and significantly outperform existing methods, including biocatalysed synthesis planning, retrosynthesis planning, binding affinity, and molecular pharmacological property prediction for drug discovery.
Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease: associations with β-amyloid-PET, neurodegeneration and cognition
Authors: Chatterjee Pratishtha , Vermunt Lisa , Gordon Brian , Pedrini Steve , Boonkamp Lynn , Armstrong Nicola , Xiong Chengjie , Singh Abhay , Li Yan , Sohrabi Hamid , Taddei Kevin , Molloy Mark , Benzinger Tammie , Morris John , Karch Celeste , Berman Sarah , Chhatwal Jasmeer , Graff-Radford Neill , Day Gregory , Farlow Martin , Fox Nick , Goate Alison , Hassenstab Jason , Lee Jae-Hong , Levin Johannes , McDade Eric , Mori Hiroshi , Perrin Richard , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Schofield Peter , Jucker Mathias , Masters Colin , Fagan Anne , Bateman Randall , Martins Ralph , Teunissen Charlotte 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a promising candidate blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis and prognostication. The timing of its disease-associated changes, its clinical correlates, and biofluid-type dependency will influence its clinical utility. We evaluated plasma, serum, and CSF GFAP in families with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD), leveraging the predictable age at symptom onset to determine changes by stage of disease. Plasma GFAP elevations appear a decade before expected symptom onset, after β-amyloid accumulation and prior to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Plasma GFAP distinguished β-amyloid-positive from β-amyloid-negative ADAD participants and showed a stronger relationship with β-amyloid load in asymptomatic than symptomatic ADAD. Higher plasma GFAP was associated with the degree and rate of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Serum GFAP showed similar relationships, but these were less pronounced for CSF GFAP. Our findings support a role for plasma GFAP as a clinical biomarker for β-amyloid-associated cognitive deterioration in AD.
Prevalence &amp; risk factors analysis of bovine mastitis in dairy herds of Rawalpindi district, Pakistan; a study to estimate severity &amp; farmers’ awareness about the disease
Authors: Jalil Amna , Abbasi Asim Zahoor , Ain Quratul , Hussain Zamir , Usmani Muhammad Tahir , Adnan Fazal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBovine mastitis is inflammation of the mammary glands due to physical injury or microbial infection. The disease results in a significant reduction in milk production, hence affecting the dairy industry. The current study is designed to analyze the prevalence of mastitis, detect herd and cow-level potential risk factors, and estimate awareness level of farmers about mastitis. Total 432 cows were selected, by simple random method, from 40 herds of Rawalpindi District (Pakistan) and screened for mastitis. ResultsBased on surf field mastitis test (SFMT) result and clinical examination, 45% prevalence of mastitis was reported at herd-level. The cow-level prevalence was 18.52%, of which 1.85% and 16.66% were clinical and sub-clinical mastitis cases, respectively. The corresponding quarter-level prevalence was 7.58% and the right hind-quarter was most affected. After inoculation of 130 milk samples for bacterial isolation, S. aureus (76.9%) was the predominant etiological agent of mastitis followed by Streptococcus (61.5%). In the multivariable logistic regression model, the herd and cow-level factors significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the presence of mastitis were udder washing before milking, frequency of manure removal, floor type, lactation stage, udder condition, teat end lesion, presence of ticks, use of hormones, milking method and udder and leg hygiene. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test suggested that the model fit the data (χ2 = 4.3; p = 0.83) and the final model showed 53.75% sensitivity, 94.9% specificity, 87.27% accuracy, and 70.49% precision. The questionnaire-based survey of the farm handlers regarding the awareness of mastitis and other related factors showed some serious gaps in the perception and awareness of farmers about sub-clinical mastitis and its influence on the economy. ConclusionThe very high prevalence of mastitis, more importantly the sub-clinical one, in the examined herds revealed the huge potential economic loss the sector suffers. Awareness and training of the farmers is essential to enhance the quantity and quality of milk. Alongside awareness, government and International agencies should also help farmers in improving their technical facilities.
Experiences of family caregivers of patients with post-traumatic hydrocephalus from hospital to home: a qualitative study
Authors: Wang Jia-nan , Liu La-mei , Rosa Ronnell Dela , Sun Meng-jie , Qian Yu-meng , Zhuansun Mengyao , Xu Tong-yao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that requires treatment and postoperative care. The shunt is one of the main treatments for PTH, which presents with dysfunction and infection. Considering brain injury, hydrocephalus shunt malfunction and infection, family caregivers need to be responsible for caring for PTH patients, recognizing shunt malfunction and infection, and managing those patients accordingly from hospital to home. Understanding the experiences and needs of caregivers is beneficial for knowing their competency and quality of health care, ameliorating and ensuring future transition care. The study aimed to explore the feelings, experiences, and needs of family caregivers when caring for patients with PTH and shunts.
Methods
This was a descriptive qualitative study using a semi-structured interview method with a purposive sample of 12 family caregivers of patients with PTH and shunts from hospital to home. Data were collected from October 2021 to March 2022 before being analyzed by content analysis methods.
Results
Based on the available data, we found caregivers were experienced and often had ‘complex emotional reaction’, ‘inadequate confidence in caregiving’, and ‘unmet needs’. As caregivers, they required professional and social knowledge and support in the areas of PTH and shunts, caregiving interventions, psychological care needs, and health insurance, just as other caregivers do, but also unlike other caregivers.
Conclusions
Family caregivers faced complex emotional burdens when caring for PTH and shunt patients, and they had trouble caring for PTH patients, recognizing common symptoms, shunt malfunction or complications, and they expected to manage their patients' conditions in collaboration with health professionals. There is a need for research on intervention support for the care of patients with PTH and shunts, particularly with regard to confidence and expertise in care.
Matrine-producing endophytic fungus Galactomyces candidum TRP-7: screening, identification, and fermentation conditions optimization for Matrine production
Authors: Cao Kexin , Chen Jianhua , Lu Xuan , Yao Yuqun , Li Liangbo , Huang Rongshao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Matrine (MA) is an alkaloid extracted from the root of genus Sophora with various pharmacological activities. Production of MA by endophytic fungi offers an alternative challenge to reduce the massive consumption to meet the increasing demand of MA. In the current study, the positive strains with MA producing ability were screened from endophytic fungal isolated from the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Chromatographic analyses verified the identity of the produced MA. Among these fungi, Galactomyces candidum strain TRP-7 was the most valuable strain for MA production with the initial yield 8.26 mg L− 1. The MA production was efficiently maximized up to 17.57 mg L− 1 of fermentation broth, after optimization of eight process parameters using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs. The statistical optimization resulted in a 1.127 times increase in MA production as compared to the initial yield of TRP-7. This is the first report to isolate endophytic fungi with MA-producing activity from S. tonkinensis Gagnep., and to identify an endophytic fungus G. candidum TRP-7 as a new promising start strain for a higher MA yield.
An extracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis: cDNA cloning, mRNA expression and characterizations of recombinant protein
Authors: Feng Dandan , Gao Xi , Kong Weihua , Wu Zixuan , Liu Yujie , Xing Kefan , Sun Yuying , Zhang Jiquan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background: Neocaridina denticulata sinensis possesses characters of rapid growth, tenacious vitality, short growth cycle, transparent, and easy feeding. Therefore, it is gradually being developed into an animal model for basic research on decapod crustaceans. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) family, the first line of defense to eliminate ROS, can catalyze ROS into O2 and H2O2. Particularly, Cu/Zn-SOD accounts for about 90% of total SOD, which play an important role in many creatures. Nevertheless, only a small number of related reports have cloned and characterized Cu/Zn-SOD in decapod crustaceans. Herein, a Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), named as Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD, was identified and characterized from N. denticulata sinensis. Results: The full-length cDNA sequence of Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD is 829 bp containing a 684 bp open reading frame, which encoded a protein of 227 amino acid residues with a typical Sod_Cu domain. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD mRNA was expressed in all the tested tissues. Under challenge with copper, the mRNA expression of Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD reached the maximum at 6 h, and decreased until 24 h. After 24 h of exposure, its expression was up-regulated significantly at 36 h. After then its expression sharply decreased with a comeback at 48 h. The expression of Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD in gills challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus changed in a time-dependent manner. In addition, Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD was recombinantly expressed using E. coli and the recombinant protein was purified as a single band on SDS-PAGE. The recombinant Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD (rNd-ecCu/Zn-SOD) existed enzymatic activity under a wide range of temperature and pH. The exposure of metal ions was found that Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Cu2+ could inhibit the enzymatic activity of rNd-ecCu/Zn-SOD, and Mn2+ increased the enzymatic activity of rNd-ecCu/Zn-SOD. Conclusions: the recombinant protein was sensitive to change of pH and addition of different metal ions, and the expression of Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and exposure of Cu2+changed in a time-dependent manner. The results indicated that Nd-ecCu/Zn-SOD might sever as a biomarker of environment pollution and plays an important role in immune reaction.