bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An anti-influenza combined therapy assessed by single cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Medaglia Chiara , Kolpakov Ilya , Zwygart Arnaud Charles-Antoine , Zhu Yong , Constant Samuel , Huang Song , Cagno Valeria , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. , Stellacci Francesco , Xenarios Ioannis , Tapparel Caroline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfluenza makes millions of people ill every year, placing a large burden on the healthcare system and the economy. To develop a treatment against influenza, we combined virucidal sialylated cyclodextrins with interferon lambda and demonstrated, in human airway epithelia, that the two compounds inhibit the replication of a clinical H1N1 strain more efficiently when administered together rather than alone. We investigated the mechanism of action of the combined treatment by single cell RNA-sequencing analysis and found that both the single and combined treatments impair viral replication to different extents across distinct epithelial cell types. We showed that each cell type comprises multiple sub-types, whose proportions are altered by H1N1 infection, and assessed the ability of the treatments to restore them. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study investigating the effectiveness of an antiviral therapy against influenza virus by single cell transcriptomic studies.
Benchmarking saliency methods for chest X-ray interpretation
Authors: Saporta Adriel , Gui Xiaotong , Agrawal Ashwin , Pareek Anuj , Truong Steven Q. H. , Nguyen Chanh D. T. , Ngo Van-Doan , Seekins Jayne , Blankenberg Francis G. , Ng Andrew Y. , Lungren Matthew P. , Rajpurkar Pranav 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSaliency methods, which produce heat maps that highlight the areas of the medical image that influence model prediction, are often presented to clinicians as an aid in diagnostic decision-making. However, rigorous investigation of the accuracy and reliability of these strategies is necessary before they are integrated into the clinical setting. In this work, we quantitatively evaluate seven saliency methods, including Grad-CAM, across multiple neural network architectures using two evaluation metrics. We establish the first human benchmark for chest X-ray segmentation in a multilabel classification set-up, and examine under what clinical conditions saliency maps might be more prone to failure in localizing important pathologies compared with a human expert benchmark. We find that (1) while Grad-CAM generally localized pathologies better than the other evaluated saliency methods, all seven performed significantly worse compared with the human benchmark, (2) the gap in localization performance between Grad-CAM and the human benchmark was largest for pathologies that were smaller in size and had shapes that were more complex, and (3) model confidence was positively correlated with Grad-CAM localization performance. Our work demonstrates that several important limitations of saliency methods must be addressed before we can rely on them for deep learning explainability in medical imaging.
Rarest rainfall events will see the greatest relative increase in magnitude under future climate change
Authors: Gründemann Gaby Joanne , van de Giesen Nick , Brunner Lukas , van der Ent Ruud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFuture rainfall extremes are projected to increase with global warming according to theory and climate models, but common (annual) and rare (decennial or centennial) extremes could be affected differently. Here, using 25 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 driven by a range of plausible scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions, we show that the rarer the event, the more likely it is to increase in a future climate. By the end of this century, daily land rainfall extremes could increase in magnitude between 10.5% and 28.2% for annual events, and between 13.5% and 38.3% for centennial events, for low and high emission scenarios respectively. The results are consistent across models though with regional variation, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.
High-resolution phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of microbial communities with RoC-ITS
Authors: Rusch Douglas B , Huang Jie , Hemmerich Chris , Hahn Matthew W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Microbial communities are inter-connected systems of incredible complexity and dynamism that play crucial roles in health, energy, and the environment. To better understand microbial communities and how they respond to change, it is important to know which microbes are present and their relative abundances at the greatest taxonomic resolution possible. Here, we describe a novel protocol (RoC-ITS) that uses the single-molecule Nanopore sequencing platform to assay the composition of microbial communities at the subspecies designation. Using rolling-circle amplification, this methodology produces long-read sequences from a circular construct containing the complete 16S ribosomal gene and the neighboring internally transcribed spacer (ITS). These long reads can be used to generate a high-fidelity circular consensus sequence. Generally, the ribosomal 16S gene provides phylogenetic information down to the species-level, while the much less conserved ITS region contains strain-level information. When linked together, this combination of markers allows for the identification of individual ribosomal units within a specific organism and the assessment of their relative stoichiometry, as well as the ability to monitor subtle shifts in microbial community composition with a single generic assay. We applied RoC-ITS to an artificial microbial community that was also sequenced using the Illumina platform, to assess its accuracy in quantifying the relative abundance and identity of each species.
Spatiotemporal transcriptomics reveals pathogenesis of viral myocarditis
Authors: Mantri Madhav , Hinchman Meleana M. , McKellar David W. , Wang Michael F. Z. , Cross Shaun T. , Parker John S. L. , De Vlaminck Iwijn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA significant fraction of sudden death in children and young adults is due to viral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the heart. In this study, by using integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, we created a high-resolution, spatially resolved transcriptome map of reovirus-induced myocarditis in neonatal mouse hearts. We assayed hearts collected at three timepoints after infection and studied the temporal, spatial and cellular heterogeneity of host–virus interactions. We further assayed the intestine, the primary site of reovirus infection, to establish a full chronology of molecular events that ultimately lead to myocarditis. We found that inflamed endothelial cells recruit cytotoxic T cells and undergo pyroptosis in the myocarditic tissue. Analyses of spatially restricted gene expression in myocarditic regions and the border zone identified immune-mediated cell-type-specific injury and stress responses. Overall, we observed a complex network of cellular phenotypes and spatially restricted cell–cell interactions associated with reovirus-induced myocarditis in neonatal mice.
A new control for the pneumatic muscle bionic legged robot based on neural network
Authors: Xu Chaoyue , Qin Feifei , Zhou Kun , Wang Binrui , Jin Yinglian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe bionic joints composed of pneumatic muscles (PMs) can simulate the motion of biological joints. However, the PMs themselves have non‐linear characteristics such as hysteresis and creep, which make it difficult to achieve high‐precision trajectory tracking control of PM‐driven robots. In order to effectively suppress the adverse effects of non‐linearity on control performance and improve the dynamic performance of PM‐driven legged robot, this study designs a double closed‐loop control structure based on neural network. First, according to the motion model of the bionic joint, a mapping model between PM contraction force and joint torque is proposed. Second, a control strategy is designed for the inner loop of PM contraction force and the outer loop of bionic joint angle. In the inner control loop, a feedforward neuron Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative controller is designed based on the PM three‐element model. In the control outer loop, a sliding mode robust controller with local model approximation is designed by using the radial basis function neural network approximation capability. Finally, it is verified by simulation and physical experiments that the designed control strategy is suitable for humanoid motion control of antagonistic PM joints, and it can satisfy the requirements of reliability, flexibility, and bionics during human–robot collaboration.
A machine learning‐based approach for dielectric strength prediction of long air gaps with engineering configurations
Authors: Qiu Zhibin , Wu Zijian , Zhang Louxing , Song Yu , Liu Jianben 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is a long‐term goal in external insulation studies to determine the discharge voltages of complicated engineering gaps by simulation methods. Based on the one‐to‐one correspondence between air gap structure and the static electric field (EF) distribution, this paper characterizes the transmission tower gap configuration by spatial EF features, which were used for machine learning to achieve switching impulse discharge voltage prediction. An interelectrode path and a conical zone between the energized sub‐conductor and the crossarm or the tower window were considered as EF regions strongly associated with gap breakdown, where 73 parameters were extracted to construct a feature set. Taking 15 extra‐high voltage (EHV) transmission tower gaps as training samples, with different gap distances and tower configurations, their EF features were input to a support vector machine (SVM) for model training to establish the relationships with discharge voltages. The trained SVM model was used to predict the impulse discharge voltages of 20 EHV and ultra‐high voltage (UHV) transmission tower gaps. The prediction results with different feature dimensions and various sizes of conical zones were compared to the experimental values, which demonstrate similar variation trends and acceptable errors. This study contributes to realize insulation strength calculation of engineering gaps.
Stellar population of the Rosette Nebula and NGC 2244
Authors: Mužić K. , Almendros-Abad V. , Bouy H. , Kubiak K. , Peña Ramírez K. , Krone-Martins A. , Moitinho A. , Conceição M. 
Published: October 2022

Context.Measurements of internal dynamics of young clusters and star-forming regions are crucial to fully understand the process of their formation. A basic prerequisite for this is a well-established and robust list of probable members.Aims.In this work, we study the 2.8° ×2.6° region in the emblematic Rosette Nebula, centred in the young cluster NGC 2244, with the aim of constructing the most reliable candidate member list to date. Using the obtained catalogue, we can determine various structural and kinematic parameters, which can help to draw conclusions about the past and the future of the region.Methods.We constructed a catalogue containing optical to mid-infrared photometry, as well as accurate positions and proper motions fromGaiaEDR3 for the sources in the field of the Rosette Nebula. We applied the probabilistic random forest algorithm to derive the membership probability for each source within our field of view. Based on the list of almost 3000 probable members, of which about a third are concentrated within the radius of 20′ from the centre of NGC 2244, we identified various clustered sources and stellar concentrations in the region, and estimated the average distance to the entire region at 1489 ± 37 pc, 1440 ± 32 pc to NGC 2244, and 1525 ± 36 pc to NGC 2237. The masses, extinction, and ages were derived by fitting the spectral energy distribution to the atmosphere and evolutionary models, and the internal dynamic was assessed via proper motions relative to the mean proper motion of NGC 2244.Results.NGC 2244 is showing a clear expansion pattern, with an expansion velocity that increases with radius. Its initial mass function (IMF) is well represented by two power laws (dN/dM ∝ M−α), with slopesα = 1.05 ± 0.02 for the mass range 0.2–1.5M⊙andα = 2.3 ± 0.3 for the mass range 1.5–20M⊙, and it is in agreement with slopes detected in other star-forming regions. The mean age of the region, derived from the HR diagram, is ∼2 Myr. We find evidence for the difference in ages between NGC 2244 and the region associated with the molecular cloud, which appears slightly younger. The velocity dispersion of NGC 2244 is well above the virial velocity dispersion derived from the total mass (1000 ± 70M⊙) and half-mass radius (3.4 ± 0.2 pc). From the comparison to other clusters and to numerical simulations, we conclude that NGC 2244 may be unbound and that it possibly may have even formed in a super-virial state.
The detection of magnetic chemically peculiar stars using Gaia BP/RP spectra
Authors: Paunzen E. , Prišegen M. 
Published: October 2022

Context. The magnetic chemically peculiar (mCP) stars of the upper main sequence are perfectly suited to studying the effects of rotation, diffusion, mass-loss, accretion, and pulsation in the presence of an organized stellar magnetic field. Therefore, many important models can only be tested with this star group.
Aims. In this case study we investigate the possibility of detecting the characteristic 520 nm flux depression of mCP stars using low-resolution BP/RP spectra of the Gaia mission. This would enable us to effectively search for these objects in the ever-increasing database.
Methods. We employed the tool of Δa photometry to trace the 520 nm flux depression for 1240 known mCP and 387 normal-type objects including binaries. To this end, we folded the filter curves with the BP/RP spectra and generated the well-established color-color diagram.
Results. It is clearly possible to distinguish mCP stars from normal-type objects. The detection rate is almost 95% for B- and A-type objects. It then drops for cooler-type stars, which is in line with models of the 520 nm flux depression.
Conclusions. The BP/RP spectra are clearly qualified to efficiently search for and detect mCP stars.
Intensive endoscopic resection for downstaging of polyp burden in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (J-FAPP Study III): a multicenter prospective interventional study
Authors: Ishikawa Hideki , Yamada Masayoshi , Sato Yasushi , Tanaka Shinji , Akiko Chino , Tajika Masahiro , Doyama Hisashi , Takayama Tetsuji , Ohda Yoshio , Horimatsu Takahiro , Sano Yasushi , Tanakaya Kohji , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Saida Yoshihisa , Ishida Hideyuki , Takeuchi Yoji , Kashida Hiroshi , Kiriyama Shinsuke , Hori Shinichiro , Lee Kyowon , Tashiro Jun , Kobayashi Nozomu , Nakajima Takeshi , Suzuki Sadao , Mutoh Michihiro ,   J-FAPP Study III Group
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Total colectomy is the standard treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Recently, an increasing number of young patients with FAP have requested the postponement of surgery or have refused to undergo surgery. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive endoscopic removal for downstaging of polyp burden (IDP) in FAP.
Method A single-arm intervention study was conducted at 22 facilities. Participants were patients with FAP, aged ≥ 16 years, who had not undergone colectomy or who had undergone colectomy but had ≥ 10 cm of large intestine remaining. For IDP, colorectal polyps of ≥ 10 mm were removed, followed by polyps of ≥ 5 mm. The primary end point was the presence/absence of colectomy during a 5-year intervention period.
Results 222 patients were eligible, of whom 166 had not undergone colectomy, 46 had undergone subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, and 10 had undergone partial resection of the large intestine. During the intervention period, five patients (2.3 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.74 %–5.18 %) underwent colectomy, and three patients died. Completion of the 5-year intervention period without colectomy was confirmed in 150 /166 patients who had not undergone colectomy (90.4 %, 95 %CI 84.8 %–94.4 %) and in 47 /56 patients who had previously undergone colectomy (83.9 %, 95 %CI 71.7 %–92.4 %).
Conclusion IDP in patients with mild-to-moderate FAP could have the potential to be a useful means of preventing colorectal cancer without implementing colectomy. However, if the IDP protocol was proposed during a much longer term, it may not preclude the possibility that a large proportion of colectomies may still need to be performed.
Epidemiology of the Injuries Sustained by Elite Spanish under-18 and
under-20 Rugby Players
Authors: Mencia Cristian Solis , Ramos-Álvarez Juan José , Veliz Rafael Ramos , Murias-Lozano Roberto , Aramberri Mikel , Saló José Carlos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examines the injuries suffered by players (n=166) of the
Spanish national men’s under-18 and under-20 rugby teams between 2015
and 2017, and identifies the actions involved in their occurrence. All injuries
(total n=78) sustained during matches and training were recorded as
recommended by World Rugby, and injury incidence rates per 1000 player-hours
(ph) calculated for both types of activity. Injuries occurred more commonly
during matches than during training (incidence 105.3 [95% CI:
78.7–131.9] per 1000 [ph] of match play, vs 1.16 [95% CI:
0.69–1.62] per 1000 ph of training), and most days absent per
1000 ph during matches with<3 days rest since the previous match
(4209.2 [95% CI: 3516.2–4902.1] per 1000 ph of match
play, vs 1947.4 [95% CI: 1511.8–2382.9] per 1000 ph of
match play in matches with>3 days rest). These results provide
information that may be useful in the development of strategies aimed at
reducing the incidence of injuries.
Transborylation-Enabled Boron Catalysis
Authors: Thomas Stephen P. , Bage Andrew D. , Nicholson Kieran , Hunt Thomas A. , Langer Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis review highlights transborylation (controlled boron-boron exchange) and its applications as a turnover strategy in boron-catalysed methodologies. Catalytic applications of B–C, B–O, B–N, B–F, B–S, and B–Se transborylations are discussed in the context of transborylation-enabled catalysis, across a wide range of organic transformations including hydroboration, C–C bond formation, C–H borylation, chemoselective reduction, and asymmetric reduction.1	Introduction2	B–C Transborylation3	B–O Transborylation4	B–N Transborylation5	B–F Transborylation6	B–S Transborylation7	Conclusion
CT-Guided Celiac Plexus Block and Neurolysis for Chronic Upper Abdominal Pain
Authors: Thabet Ashraf 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChronic visceral abdominal pain due to malignant and inflammatory conditions can be challenging to treat, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Opiates are commonly employed in the palliation of chronic abdominal pain but are complicated by quality of life-limiting side effects such as nausea, vomiting, sedation, and constipation. Celiac plexus block and neurolysis (CPBN) are important tools in the multimodality approach to such pain, with documented improvement in pain scores and, importantly, reduction in opiate demands and improvement in quality of life. It targets the celiac relay station that mediates transmission of visceral nociceptive information from upper abdominal organs; distinguishing from somatic and neuropathic pain is important for clinical success. Key determinants of procedure success include patient selection, understanding relevant anatomy, how that anatomy is distorted by pathology, selection of location for block or neurolysis, as well as distribution and volume administered of injectate during the procedure. CPBN is a safe procedure associated with a low complication rate and may demonstrate better efficacy when used earlier in a patient's disease course.
Where Is the Vagina? A Rectal Stricture after a Presumed Cloacal Repair Turns Out to be the Mobilized Vagina and a Missed High Rectovaginal Fistula
Authors: Jacobs Shimon E. , Tiusaba Laura , Bokova Elizaveta , Al-Shamaileh Tamador , Russell Teresa L. , Varda Briony K. , Feng Christina , Badillo Andrea T. , Levitt Marc A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a case of a rare complication in a 10-month-old female referred to our institution for an anal stricture after primary cloacal repair as an infant. Multimodal imaging, careful physical exam, and endoscopic evaluation revealed her vagina had been pulled through to the location of her anal sphincter muscle complex. We describe the correction of this problem, including identification of her rectum.
Prevalence of Social Phobia among Adults in a Selected Setting
Authors: Dsouza Riyana Lizal , Lobo Rohan , Saji Riya Treesa , David Ryan , Joseph Rose Mary , Dsilva Precilla 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocial phobia is an irrational fear that is caused during certain social situations. It is a specific response of a person to a social situation that disturbs normal functioning. Social phobia is a very interesting topic and many researchers have conducted various studies on this in the recent years. Therefore, a descriptive study was planned with the objective to determine the prevalence of social phobia among adults. The findings of the study can be useful in identifying the severity of social phobia and in finding the association of it among adults with demographic variables. The study outcome revealed that 10.08% had severe social phobia.
Pattern of Rectal Cancer Recurrence Following Potentially Curative Surgical Treatment
Authors: Sevá-Pereira Gustavo , Oliveira Vitória de Souza , Ribeiro Gabriela Domingues Andrade , Tarabay Paula Buozzi , Rabello Marcello Imbrizzi , Oliveira-Filho Joaquim José de 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurvival in rectal cancer has been related mainly to clinical and pathological staging. Recurrence is the most challenging issue when surgical treatment of rectal cancer is concerned. This study aims to establish a recurrence pattern for rectal adenocarcinoma submitted to surgical treatment between June 2003 and July 2021. After applying the exclusion criteria to 305 patients, 166 patients were analyzed. Global recurrence was found in 18.7% of them, while 7.8% have had local recurrence. Recurrences were diagnosed from 5 to 92 months after the surgical procedure, with a median of 32.5 months. Follow-up varied from 6 to 115 months. Recurrence, in literature, is usually between 3 and 35% in 5 years and shows a 5-year survival rate of only 5%. In around 50% of cases, recurrence is local, confined to the pelvis. This study was consonant with the literature in most aspects evaluated, although a high rate of local recurrence remains a challenge in seeking better surgical outcomes.