bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher–Child Interaction Quality Fosters Working Memory and Social-Emotional Behavior in Two- and-Three-Year-Old Children
Authors: Grosse Gerlind , Simon Antonia , Soemer Alexander , Schönfeld Romy , Barth Stefanie , Linde Nadine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow does teacher–child interaction quality in early child care and education settings influence the development of social-emotional skills in children at around two to three years of age? We measured the quality of interactions on the side of the child care teachers (N = 9, CLASS Toddler) and assessed self-regulatory skills through an individual assessment (i.e. working memory by the “Hidden Toys Task”, selective attention with the NEPSY, inhibitory control by using the “Toy Wrap Task”), testing children between 22 and 45 months old (M = 33 months, SD = 6 months;N = 64; 44% girls) who attended a child care center. Additionally, children’s social and self-regulatory skills were assessed by their teachers by using the MASCS and CBRS rating scales. We found evidence that for even children this young, the quality of interactions in child care settings is positively related to working memory, and less disruptive behavior. Conversely, we found no evidence that interaction quality influenced other aspects of social-emotional development, such as selective attention, inhibitory control, self-regulatory skills, prosocial behavior and impulsiveness. Results emphasize the importance of positive interaction in child care settings for children at about the age of three. Possible reasons for null findings are discussed.
Does the Problem of Variability Justify Barrett’s Emotion Revolution?
Authors: Majeed Raamy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe problem of variability concerns the fact that empirical data does not support the existence of a coordinated set of biological markers, either in the body or the brain, which correspond to our folk emotion categories; categories like anger, happiness, sadness, disgust and fear. Barrett (2006a, b, 2013, 2016, 2017a, b) employs this fact to argue (i) against the faculty psychology approach to emotion, e.g. emotions are the products of emotion-specific mechanisms, or “modules”, and (ii) for the view that emotions are constructed from domain-general “core systems” with the aid of our folk concepts. The conjunction of (i) and (ii), she argues, heralds a paradigm shift in our understanding of emotion: emotions aren’t triggered but made. In this paper, I argue such a shift is premature for a faculty psychology framework can accommodate the neurobiological variability of emotion. This can be done by treating emotions as developmental modules: non-innate systems which behave like modules, but form as a product of ontogenetic development.
Zooming in on host-symbiont interactions: advances in cryo-EM sample processing methods and future application to symbiotic tissues
Authors: Gundlach Katrina A. , Briegel Ariane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnimals, plants, and fungi live in a microbe-dominated world. Investigating the interactions and processes at the host-microbe interface offers insight to how bacteria influence the development, health, and disease of the host. Optimization of existing imaging technologies and development of novel instrumentation will provide the tools needed to fully understand the dynamic relationship that occurs at the host-microbe interface throughout the lifetime of the host. In this review, we describe the current methods used in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) including cryo-fixation, sample processing, FIB-SEM, and cryotomography. Further, we highlight the new advances associated with these methods that open the cryo-EM discipline to large, complex multicellular samples, like symbiotic tissues. We describe the advantages and challenges associated with correlative imaging techniques and sample thinning methods like lift-out. By highlighting recent pioneering studies in the large-volume or symbiotic sample workflows, we provide insight into how symbiotic model systems will benefit from cryo-EM methods to provide artefact-free, near-native, macromolecular-scale resolution imaging at the host-microbe interface throughout the development and maintenance of symbiosis. Cryo-EM methods have brought a deep fundamental understanding of prokaryotic biology since its conception. We propose the application of existing and novel cryo-EM techniques to symbiotic systems is the logical next step that will bring an even greater understanding how microbes interact with their host tissues.
Cyclic heptapeptides with metal binding properties isolated from the fungus Cadophora malorum from Antarctic soil
Authors: Donalle Guidmar C. , Martorell María Martha , Siless Gastón E. , Ruberto Lucas , Cabrera Gabriela M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Antarctic fungus Cadophora malorum produces previously undescribed cyclic heptapeptides (cadophorin A and B) containing an anthranilic acid residue. The planar structure of these peptides was determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of the amino acids was determined by Marfey’s method, with HPLC analysis of FDVA (Nα-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorphenyl)-l-valinamide) derivatives making use of a PFP column. Remarkably, cadophorin 2 possesses both the uncommon d-Ile and d-allo-Ile in its structure. The peptides have metal binding properties as shown by LCMS with post column addition of metal salt solutions. These results were supported by DFT calculations.
Graphical Abstract
Longitudinal relationship between experience of sexual harassment and 2-year body image and weight outcomes in adolescence: mediation through self-objectification and psychological distress
Authors: Hayes Samantha , Lonergan Alexandra , Trompeter Nora , Bussey Kay , Hay Phillipa , Mitchison Deborah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The current study investigated the experience of sexual harassment as a risk factor for weight gain and weight/shape concerns in a community sample of adolescents, with potential mediating factors self-objectification and psychological distress.

Method
1034 Australian adolescents (aged 11 to 19 years) from the EveryBODY longitudinal study of disordered eating pathology participated. Data were collected through online surveys annually for 3 years. Participants completed self-report measures of demographics, sexual harassment, psychological distress, self-objectification, weight/shape concerns and BMI percentile.

Results
A parallel mediation model adjusting for baseline scores found no direct effect between baseline experiences of sexual harassment and change in BMI percentile or weight/shape concern after 2 years. Experiences of sexual harassment significantly increased self-objectification scores after 1 year in female adolescents. Subsequently, higher self-objectification significantly increased the risk of greater weight/shape concern after 1 year in female adolescents. However, no significant mediating relationship was found in the relationship between sexual harassment and weight/shape concern or BMI percentile for either gender. Psychological distress was found to be a clear risk factor for weight/shape concern in both genders after 1 year.

Conclusions
Intervention programmes in schools should focus on developing policies to reduce sexual harassment, self-objectification and distress in adolescents.

Level of evidence
Level IV, longitudinal multiple time series without intervention.
Exploring the raison d’etre behind metric selection in network analysis: a systematic review
Authors: Morrison D. , Bedinger M. , Beevers L. , McClymont K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNetwork analysis is a useful tool to analyse the interactions and structure of graphs that represent the relationships among entities, such as sectors within an urban system. Connecting entities in this way is vital in understanding the complexity of the modern world, and how to navigate these complexities during an event. However, the field of network analysis has grown rapidly since the 1970s to produce a vast array of available metrics that describe different graph properties. This diversity allows network analysis to be applied across myriad research domains and contexts, however widespread applications have produced polysemic metrics. Challenges arise in identifying which method of network analysis to adopt, which metrics to choose, and how many are suitable. This paper undertakes a structured review of literature to provide clarity on raison d’etre behind metric selection and suggests a way forward for applied network analysis. It is essential that future studies explicitly report the rationale behind metric choice and describe how the mathematics relates to target concepts and themes. An exploratory metric analysis is an important step in identifying the most important metrics and understanding redundant ones. Finally, where applicable, one should select an optimal number of metrics that describe the network both locally and globally, so as to understand the interactions and structure as holistically as possible.
Analysis of Joint Power and Work During Gait in Children With and Without Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hazra Priyam , Gibbs Sheila , Arnold Graham , Nasir Sadiq , Wang Weijie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare joint work in the lower limb joints during different sub-phases of the gait cycle between Cerebral Palsy (CP) and healthy children.

Methods
Eighteen CP and 20 healthy children’s gait data were collected. The CP group included orthoses, intra-muscular injection of botulinum toxin and surgery groups. A motion capture system was used to collect gait data. Joint work was calculated as positive and negative components in six subphases during gait and normalised by speed when comparing the groups.

Results
The CP group had a slower walking speed, smaller stride length and longer stance phase than the healthy group. Hip max positive work was 0.12 ± 0.02 Jkg−1/ms−1 for the CP group in pre-mid-stance but 0.07 ± 0.01 Jkg−1/ms−1 for the healthy group during the terminal phase. In terminal stance, ankle positive work was significantly lower in the CP group (0.12 ± 0.01) than in the healthy group (0.18 ± 0.01). The knee showed a similar distribution of positive work in the stance phase for the two groups. In the ankle and hip, the CP group had energy generation mainly in midstance while the healthy group was mainly in terminal stance. In the ankle, the CP group had larger energy absorption in mid-stance than the healthy children group, while the CP group showed lower energy generation in the terminal stance phase than seen in the healthy group.

Conclusion
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of joint work provides useful information for clinicians in the treatment and rehabilitation of CP patients.
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of European Union’s Circularity Related Targets for Plastics
Authors: Tenhunen-Lunkka Anna , Rommens Tom , Vanderreydt Ive , Mortensen Lars 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurrent rising concerns about environmental and climate impacts in production, consumption and end-of-life of plastics have led to efforts to switch from linear to circular economy of plastics in Europe. Greenhouse gas emissions are likely to decrease with a transition to a circular system; however, a systematic and integrated perspective on plastics and the carbon cycle is currently missing in the debate on plastics.In this study, a model to estimate greenhouse gas emissions of the current mostly linear plastics value chain of the EU in 2018 and a future scenario, 2025 model, were created. By 2025 if current policy targets are reached, the plastic packaging recycling rate should be 50%, PET-based drinking bottles should include 25% recycled content, 77% collection target for plastic bottles, 10 Mt recyclates should enter the markets, uptake of bio-based plastics is estimated by European bioplastics to increase from current 1 to 1.32% and landfilling will continue to decrease according to the current trend at 3.85%.Total greenhouse gas emissions caused by the current plastics value chain are estimated at 208 million tonnes of CO2-eq. The 2025 model estimates that total plastics value chain emissions will be 182 Mt of CO2-eq. Reduction potential is approximately 26 Mt of CO2-eq or 13%.
Regulatory network established by transcription factors transmits drought stress signals in plant
Authors: Hu Yongfeng , Chen Xiaoliang , Shen Xiangling 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlants are sessile organisms that evolve with a flexible signal transduction system in order to rapidly respond to environmental changes. Drought, a common abiotic stress, affects multiple plant developmental processes especially growth. In response to drought stress, an intricate hierarchical regulatory network is established in plant to survive from the extreme environment. The transcriptional regulation carried out by transcription factors (TFs) is the most important step for the establishment of the network. In this review, we summarized almost all the TFs that have been reported to participate in drought tolerance (DT) in plant. Totally 466 TFs from 86 plant species that mostly belong to 11 families are collected here. This demonstrates that TFs in these 11 families are the main transcriptional regulators of plant DT. The regulatory network is built by direct protein-protein interaction or mutual regulation of TFs. TFs receive upstream signals possibly via post-transcriptional regulation and output signals to downstream targets via direct binding to their promoters to regulate gene expression.
Luteinizing Hormone Suppression Profiles in Men Treated with Exogenous Testosterone
Authors: Miranda Eduardo P. , Schofield Elizabeth , Matsushita Kazuhito , Katz Darren J. , Nelson Christian J. , Benfante Nicole , Mulhall John P. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Due to the negative feedback mechanism involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, testosterone therapy (TTh) may result in suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, but clinical experience demonstrates the level of LH suppression is variable.

Aim
We sought to define the relationship between TTh and LH levels, specifically predictors of LH suppression in men on TTh.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients with testosterone deficiency (TD) treated with TTh. Patient demographic and clinical data including vascular risk factor (VRF) status were collected. Serum total T and LH levels before TTh and after ≥3 months (m) were recorded. LH suppression was defined as serum LH level &lt;1.0 IU/ml.

Main Outcome Measures
Predictors of LH suppression were searched though a series of logistic regression models assessing suppression status at the final observation, and then a series of Cox proportional hazards models assessing time to first suppression were performed.

Results
A total of 227 patients with mean age of 58±14 years at time of TTh initiation were included in our analysis. Just under half of subjects received transdermal T as the only modality (n = 101, 44%), while one third (n = 77, 34%) received intramuscular only, and the remainder (n = 49, 22%) received both modalities during follow-up. The mean baseline LH level was 10 ± 12 IU/ml. The percent of men who had baseline LH level above 1 IU/ml and at any given point of TTh was 84% and 78%, respectively, thus 22% of men had suppressed LH levels on TTh considering the definition of LH &lt;1 IU/ml. Most men (73%) had a suppressed LH level of &lt;1 IU/ml at least once during follow-up. In the final adjusted model for LH suppression, intramuscular route (OR = 2.44), baseline LH (OR = 0.94), estradiol (OR = 1.05) remained significant.

Clinical Implications
LH suppression profiles may be relevant for dose titration during TTh and perhaps to minimize testicular atrophy.

Strengths & Limitations
A strict definition for TD was applied using LCMS for T measurements and patients had long-term follow-up.

Conclusion
While 73% of patients had at least one LH &lt;1 IU/ml during TTh, only 22% maintained suppressed throughout the treatment.
Disciplining Persian Literature in Twentieth-Century Afghanistan
Authors: Fani Aria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow was Persian literature disciplinized in the twentieth century? This article addresses this question by focusing on twentieth-century Afghanistan and outlining the sociohistorical processes that helped to transform scholarly and literary production into a social enterprise. A major outcome of these underexamined processes was the making of Dāʾerat ol-maʿāref-e Āryānā (1949–79) in Kabul, the first modern encyclopedia produced in Persian. The article explains the multilayered significance of Āryānā's literary taxonomies, reading practices, and historiographical models that reified Persian literature as an object of academic study and national veneration in Afghanistan. A close reading of Āryānā's account of Persian literary history illustrates its complex relationship with both Iranian and Afghan nationalisms of the 1940s and 1950s and its contributors’ adherence to a modern methodology. The present study places Āryānā squarely within a transregional ecosystem that brought about the institutionalization of literature in Persian-speaking lands.
Structural evolution during a surge in the Paulabreen glacier system, Svalbard
Authors: Lovell Harold , Fleming Edward J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe assess the evolution of glaciological structures during the 2003–05 surge in the Paulabreen glacier system, Svalbard. Glaciological structures on the glacier surface were mapped using aerial photographs captured in the early stages of the surge (2003) and 5 years after surge termination (2011). Three-dimensional measurements of glaciological structures were collected at the tidewater front in 2013. These datasets document the physical changes during (1) the late quiescent phase; (2) the early phase of the surge as the surge front propagated down Skobreen and advanced into Paulabreen and (3) the final stages of the surge following the surge front reaching the glacier terminus. Crevasse patterns and clusters of arcuate shear planes record zones of compressive and extensional flow associated with the downglacier progression of the surge front. The transfer of surging ice from Skobreen into Paulabreen caused lateral displacement of the medial moraines to the northeast. At the ice front, this movement tilted glaciological structures in the same direction. Structures at the southwest margin record strike–slip faulting and the elevation of debris into the ice in a zone of compression and transpression. We summarise these observations in a schematic reconstruction of structural evolution during the surge.
Feeding in the Devonian antiarch placoderm fishes: a study based upon morphofunctional analysis of jaws
Authors: Lebedev Oleg A. , Johanson Zerina , Kuznetsov Alexander N. , Tsessarsky Alekey , Trinajstic Kate , Isakhodzayev Farkhad B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAntiarch placoderm fishes were an abundant component of the Middle Paleozoic vertebrate assemblages. Despite a large number of known taxa and specimens, the morphology and function of the skeletal elements of their jaws is inadequately known. Because of this, questions regarding their feeding modes and their roles in the trophic webs remain open. We present a skeletomuscular model of the antiarch jaw apparatus with an attempt to reconstruct its potential biomechanical function. The position of the upper jaw suborbital bones within the plane of the ventral side of the fish armor is suggested to represent the natural “mouth closed” position. During mouth opening, the suborbitals rotated rostrally with simultaneous depression and inward rotation of the infragnathals. The ball-and-socket jaw articulation might ensure this combined movement. Recently described lower jaw elements ofLivnolepis zadonica(Obrucheva, 1983) andBothriolepissp. from the Upper Devonian (lower Famennian) of Central Russia demonstrating very deep and porous blades of the oral division of the infragnathals queried the structure of these bones in other antiarchs. Observed porosity reflects intense vascularization to supply blood to a connective tissue underlying a supposed keratinous sheath, which protected and strengthened the jaws, as well as made possible scraping tough food objects, such as thallus algae, from the substrate.Having evolved during the Silurian in the Pan-Cathaysian zoogeographical province, antiarchs migrated to Gondwana during the Emsian and later to Euramerica during the Eifelian. Supposedly, antiarchs became the first macrophytophagous vertebrates occupying the trophic level of primary consumers during the late Silurian–Early Devonian. This event diversified the only previously existing predator–prey interrelationships between filter-feeding agnathans and predatory gnathostomes.
The relationship between poststimulus pause, learner proficiency, and working memory in an Elicited Imitation Task
Authors: Norris John M. , Sasayama Shoko , Kim Michelle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Elicited Imitation Task (EIT) is a popular technique for efficiently measuring global proficiency in multiple languages, and accumulated evidence indicates high reliability and strong relationships with other proficiency measures. Nevertheless, several dimensions of EIT design remain open to investigation, including the assumption that a pause is required in between the aural stimulus and oral response, to ensure processing of the input and prevent so-called parroting. This study investigated the relationship between three poststimulus pause conditions, learners’ proficiency and working memory, and their EIT scores as well as their perceptions of task difficulty, mental effort, focus, and interest. Findings indicated no differences in performances or perceptions between the 0-second pause, 2-second pause, and 5-second pause conditions, and a weak relationship between EIT performance and working memory. Across all conditions, the EIT distinguished consistently among proficiency levels, correlated strongly with a criterion proficiency measure, and produced remarkably reliable scores.
Review of research on applications of speech recognition technology to assist language learning
Authors: Shadiev Rustam , Liu Jiawen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpeech recognition technology (SRT) is now widely used in education because of its potential to aid learning, particularly language learning. Nevertheless, SRT has received only limited attention in earlier review studies. The present research aimed to address this gap in the field. To this end, 26 articles published in SSCI journals between 2014 and 2020 were selected and reviewed with respect to domain and skills, technology and their application, participants and duration, measures, reported results, and advantages and disadvantages of SRT. The results showed that English received much more attention than any other language, and scholars mostly focused on facilitating pronunciation skills. Dragon Naturally Speaking and Google speech recognition were the most popular technologies, and their most frequent application was providing feedback. According to the results, college students were involved in research more than any other group, most studies were carried out for less than one month, and most scholars administered a questionnaire or pre-/posttest to collect the data. Positive results related to gains in proficiency and student perceptions of SRT were identified. The study revealed that improved affective factors and enhanced language skills were advantages, whereas a low accuracy rate and insufficiency (i.e. lack of some useful features to support learning efficiently) of SRT were disadvantages. Based on the results, the study puts forward several implications and suggestions for educators and researchers in the field.