bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure sensing properties for the dielectric layer of graphene/silicone rubber‐based magnetorheological elastomer
Authors: Zhang Chunjie , Liu Shaogang , Zhao Dan , Yang Song , Ou Yuqing , Liu Yuxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to expand the application of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) in the field of sensor technology and improve their dielectric properties, a type of MRE with modified graphene, graphene/silicone rubber‐based magnetorheological elastomer (GR/RTV‐MRE), is proposed and its dielectric sensing properties were investigated. A model for calculating the relative permittivity of MRE was developed and combined with VASP software simulation to obtain the relative permittivity of GR/RTV‐MRE with different graphene contents. Combining the silicone rubber matrix with 30 vol% micro‐sized (ca3.5 μm) spherical carbonyl iron particles, GR/RTV‐MRE samples with different graphene contents were prepared and tested for their relative permittivity. There is an error of approximate 7% between the test results and the simulation results, and the relative permittivity of GR/RTV‐MRE with a graphene content of 3 vol% reaches a maximum value of 35.400. An experimental platform for compressive properties was constructed and the compressive modulus of GR/RTV‐MRE with a graphene content of 3 vol% was tested under a magnetic field of 0–1 T. The results show that the modulus of compressibility is positively correlated with the magnetic field intensity in the range 0–0.9 T, up to 3.98 MPa, and is almost constant in the range 0.9–1 T. GR/RTV‐MRE with a graphene content of 3 vol% was used as the dielectric of a capacitive type transducer. The sensitivity of the capacitive sensor was measured to be 0.07 kPa−1with a linear fitting of 99.6%. It is shown that GR/RTV‐MRE with 3 vol% graphene has good dielectric sensing capability. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Bioenergy Underground: Challenges and opportunities for phenotyping roots and the microbiome for sustainable bioenergy crop production
Authors: York Larry M. , Cumming Jonathan R. , Trusiak Adrianna , Bonito Gregory , von Haden Adam C. , Kalluri Udaya C. , Tiemann Lisa K. , Andeer Peter F. , Blanc‐Betes Elena , Diab Jonathan H. , Favela Alonso , Germon Amandine , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , Hyde Charles A. , Kent Angela D. , Ko Dae Kwan , Lamb Austin , Missaoui Ali M. , Northen Trent R. , Pu Yunqiao , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Raglin Sierra , Scheller Henrik V. , Washington Lorenzo , Yang Wendy H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBioenergy production often focuses on the aboveground feedstock production for conversion to fuel and other materials. However, the belowground component is crucial for soil carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas fluxes, and ecosystem function. Roots maximize feedstock production on marginal lands by acquiring soil resources and mediating soil ecosystem processes through interactions with the microbial community. This belowground world is challenging to observe and quantify; however, there are unprecedented opportunities using current methodologies to bring roots, microbes, and soil into focus. These opportunities allow not only breeding for increased feedstock production but breeding for increased soil health and carbon sequestration as well. A recent workshop hosted by the USDOE Bioenergy Research Centers highlighted these challenges and opportunities while creating a roadmap for increased collaboration and data interoperability through standardization of methodologies and data using F.A.I.R. principles. This article provides a background on the need for belowground research in bioenergy cropping systems, a primer on root system properties of major U.S. bioenergy crops, and an overview of the roles of root chemistry, exudation, and microbial interactions on sustainability. Crucially, we outline how to adopt standardized measures and databases to meet the most pressing methodological needs to accelerate root, soil, and microbial research to meet the pressing societal challenges of the century.
Integrable Defects and Bäcklund Transformations in Yang‐Baxter Models
Authors: Demulder Saskia , Raml Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe explore two distinct methods to introduce integrable defects in a family of integrable sigma‐models known as Yang‐Baxter models. The first method invokes a modified monodromy matrix encoding an integrable defect separating two integrable systems. As an example we construct integrable defects in the ultralocal version of the S2 Yang‐Baxter model or 2d Fateev sausage model. The second method is based on the so‐called “frozen” Bäcklund transformations. Lifting the construction to the Drinfel'd double, we show how defect matrices can be constructed for inhomogeneous Yang‐Baxter models. We provide explicit expressions for the non‐split Yang‐Baxter model for this class of integrable defects.
Embryos, cancers, and parasites: Potential applications to the study of reproductive biology in view of their similarity as biological phenomena
Authors: Araki Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAt present, there are so many living things on the earth. Most of these organisms have a reproductive strategy called sexual reproduction. Among organisms that reproduce sexually, mammals have an extremely complex and seemingly unnatural method of reproduction, or viviparity.MethodsAs an approach to understanding the nature of viviparity, the author have tried to outline the common life phenomena of embryos, cancers, and parasites based on the literature to date, with internal parasites as the keyword.Main findingsEmbryo, cancer, and parasite are constituted as a systemic interaction with the host (mother). Based on these facts, the author proposed the hypothesis that in the case of mammals, "the fetus is essentially harmful to the mother", and that the parasitic fetus grows by skillfully evading the mother's foreign body exclusion mechanism.ConclusionComparative studies of "embryos", "cancers", and "parasites" as foreign bodies have the potential to produce unexpected discoveries in their respective fields. It is important to consider the evolutionary time axis that the basic structure of our mammalian body arose over 200 million years from the Mesozoic Triassic, the period immediately after the Paleozoic Era, when life on Earth became massively extinct.
Distributed secondary voltage control of microgrids with actuators bias faults and directed communication topologies: Event‐triggered approaches
Authors: Zhai Meina , Sun Qiuye , Wang Bingyu , Wang Rui , Liu Zhenwei , Zhang Huaguang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicrogrid (MG) is an effective means to achieve flexible management and control of distributed power sources. Compared with the traditional centralized secondary control method, the distributed coordinated secondary control strategy has higher flexibility and reliability. Nevertheless, few fault‐tolerant distributed secondary voltage control strategies for isolated MGs considered event‐triggered control mechanisms. This article proposes two event‐triggered fault‐tolerant control (ETFTC) algorithms for voltage restoration in MGs. The algorithms consider the presence of bias faults in the actuators of the distributed generators (DGs). First, an ETFTC algorithm is proposed considering the case where the communication graph is known. The algorithm eliminates the continuous communication constraint with neighboring DGs based on avoiding the constant updating of the controllers. Next, an adaptive ETFTC algorithm that is independent of the global information of the network graph and fault factor boundaries is proposed for the case where the directed topology is unknown. Furthermore, the algorithms can be applied to general linear multi‐agent systems (MASs) tracking control systems. In the end, to evaluate the performance of the proposed distributed ETFTC algorithms, a simulation study was conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Impact of Molybdenum Dichalcogenides on the Active and Hole‐Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells, X‐Ray Detectors, and Photodetectors
Authors: Vikraman Dhanasekaran , Liu Hailiang , Hussain Sajjad , Jaffery Syed Hassan Abbas , Karuppasamy K. , Jo Eun‐Bee , Abbas Zeesham , Jung Jongwan , Kang Jungwon , Kim Hyun‐Seok 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe interface architectures of inorganic–organic halide perovskite‐based devices play key roles in achieving high performances with these devices. Indeed, the perovskite layer is essential for synergistic interactions with the other practical modules of these devices, such as the hole‐/electron‐transfer layers. In this work, a heterostructure geometry comprising transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2 = MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2) and perovskite‐ or hole‐transfer layers is prepared to achieve improved device characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), X‐ray detectors, and photodetectors. A superior efficiency of 11.36% is realized for the active layer with MoTe2 in the PSC device. Moreover, X‐ray detectors using modulated MoTe2 nanostructures in the active layers achieve 296 nA cm−2, 3.12 mA (Gy cm2)−1 and 3.32 × 10–4 cm2 V−1 s−1 of collected current density, sensitivity, and mobility, respectively. The fabricated photodetector produces a high photoresponsivity of 956 mA W−1 for a visible light source, with an excellent external quantum efficiency of 160% for the perovskite layer containing MoSe2 nanostructures. Density functional theory calculations are made for pure and MoX2 doped perovskites’ geometrical, density of states and optical properties variations evidently. Thus, the present study paves the way for using perovskite‐based devices modified by TMDs to develop highly efficient semiconductor devices.
In‐Situ Synthesis of Carbon‐Encapsulated Atomic Cobalt as Highly Efficient Polysulfide Electrocatalysts for Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhuosen , Shen Jiadong , Xu Xijun , Yuan Jujun , Zuo Shiyong , Liu Zhengbo , Zhang Dechao , Liu Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems because of their high energy density. However, a series of issues severely limit the practical performances of Li–S batteries such as low conductivity, significant volume change, and shuttle effect. The hollow carbon spheres with huge voids and high electrical conductivity are promising as sulfur hosts. Unfortunately, the nonpolar nature of carbon materials cannot prevent the shuttle effect effectively. In this case, the atomic cobalt is introduced to a nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon sphere (ACo@HCS) through polymerization and controlled pyrolysis. The atomic cobalt dopants not only act as active sites to restrict the shuttle effect, but also can promote the kinetics of the sulfur redox reactions. ACo@HCS acting as sulfur host exhibits a high discharge capacity (1003 mAh g−1) at a 1.0 C rate after 500 cycles, and the corresponding decay rate is as low as 0.002% per cycle. This exciting work paves a new way to design high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Colorful Luminescent Magnetic Supraparticles: Expanding the Applicability, Information Capacity, and Security of Micrometer‐Scaled Identification Taggants by Dual‐Spectral Encoding
Authors: Müssig Stephan , Reichstein Jakob , Miller Franziska , Mandel Karl 
Published: February 2022

Abstract(Sub)micrometer‐scaled identification (ID) taggants enable direct identification of arbitrary goods, thereby opening up application fields based on the possibility of tracking, tracing, and anti‐counterfeiting. Due to their small dimensions, these taggants can equip in principle even the smallest subcomponents or raw materials with information. To achieve the demanded applicability, the mostly used optically encoded ID taggants must be further improved. Here, micrometer‐scaled supraparticles with spectrally encoded luminescent and magnetically encoded signal characteristics are reported. They are produced in a readily customizable bottom‐up fabrication procedure that enables precise adjustment of luminescent and magnetic properties on multiple hierarchy levels. The incorporation of commonly used magnetic nanoparticles and fluorescent dyes, respectively, into polymer nanocomposite particles, establishes a convenient toolbox of magnetic and luminescent building blocks. The subsequent assembly of selected building blocks in the desired ratios into supraparticles grants for all the flexibility to freely adjust both signal characteristics. The obtained spectrally resolved visible luminescent and invisible magnetic ID signatures are complementary in nature, thus expanding applicability and information security compared to recently reported optical‐ or magnetic‐encoded taggants. Additionally, the introduced ID taggant supraparticles can significantly enhance the coding capacity. Therefore, the introduced supraparticles are considered as next‐generation ID taggants.
General Model for Defect Dynamics in Ionizing‐Irradiated SiO2‐Si Structures
Authors: Song Yu , Zhang Guanghui , Cai Xuefen , Dou Baoying , Wang Zhihao , Liu Yang , Zhou Hang , Zhong Le , Dai Gang , Zuo Xu , Wei Su‐Huai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIrradiation damage is a key issue for the reliability of semiconductor devices under extreme environments. For decades, the ionizing‐irradiation‐induced damage in transistors with silica‐silicon (SiO2‐Si) structures at room temperature has been modeled by a uniform generation of centers in the bulk silica region through the capture of irradiation‐induced holes, and an irreversible conversion from to Pb centers at the SiO2/Si interface through reactions with hydrogen molecules (H2). However, the traditional model fails to explain experimentally‐observed dose dependence of the defect concentrations, especially at low dose rate. Here, it is proposed that the generation of centers is decelerated because the holes migrate dispersively in disordered silica and the diffusion coefficient decays as the irradiation goes on. It is also proposed that the conversion between and Pb centers is reversible because the huge activation energy of the reverse reaction can be reduced by a “phonon‐kick” effect of the vibrational energy of H2 and Pb centers transferred from nearby nonradiative recombination centers. Experimental studies are carried out to demonstrate that the derived analytic model based on these two new concepts can consistently explain the fundamental but puzzling dose dependence of the defect concentrations for an extremely wide dose rate range.
Radiative quark jet function with an external gluon
Authors: Liu Ze Long , Neubert Matthias , Schnubel Marvin , Wang Xing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Factorization theorems in soft-collinear effective theory at subleading order in power counting involve “radiative jet functions”, defined in terms of matrix elements of hard-collinear fields with a soft momentum emitted from inside the jet. Of particular importance are the radiative quark jet functions with an external photon or gluon, which arise e.g. in the factorization theorems for the Higgs-boson amplitudes h → γγ, h → gg and gg → h induced by light-quark loops. While the photon case has been studied extensively in previous work, we present here a detailed study of the radiative jet function with an external gluon. We calculate this jet function at one- and two-loop order, derive its one-loop anomalous dimension and study its renormalization-group evolution.
Measuring Pre-service Primary Teachers’ Shame in Mathematics—a Comprehensive Validation Study
Authors: Jenßen Lars , Roesken-Winter Bettina , Blömeke Sigrid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmotions play an essential role in educational processes. Previous research has mainly dealt with achievement emotions which are experienced in specific situations such as exams or learning situations in mathematics (e.g. enjoyment or anxiety). Some achievement emotions are rather experienced in social contexts in mathematics and are closely related to the self. These emotions such as shame are assumed to be also relevant for mathematics achievement. However, a reliable and valid instrument is missing to measure shame in mathematics. Validity evidence for the newly developed Shame in Mathematics Questionnaire (SHAME-Q) was collected in three studies with pre-service primary teachers. Study 1 investigated the content validity by conducting a systematic expert panel study. Study 2 and study 3 examined with two different samples the factorial structure and relations to other constructs in terms of discriminant (enjoyment) and convergent (anxiety) validity as well as to pre-service teachers’ grade in school mathematics, their intention to teach mathematics at school, and gender. The data supported strongly the validity assumptions as well as reliability and parsimony of the instrument. Psychometric limitations of SHAME-Q and applicability of the questionnaire are discussed.
A naturally hypersensitive porcine model may help understand the mechanism of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced rare (pseudo) allergic reactions: complement activation as a possible contributing factor
Authors: Dézsi László , Mészáros Tamás , Kozma Gergely , H-Velkei Mária , Oláh Csaba Zs. , Szabó Miklós , Patkó Zsófia , Fülöp Tamás , Hennies Mark , Szebeni Miklós , Barta Bálint András , Merkely Béla , Radovits Tamás , Szebeni János 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA tiny fraction of people immunized with lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-enclosed mRNA (LNP-mRNA) vaccines develop allergic symptoms following their first or subsequent vaccinations, including anaphylaxis. These reactions resemble complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) to i.v. administered liposomes, for which pigs provide a naturally oversensitive model. Using this model, we injected i.v. the human vaccination dose (HVD) of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, CMT) or its 2-fold (2x) or 5-fold (5x) amounts and measured the hemodynamic changes and other parameters of CARPA. We observed in 6 of 14 pigs transient pulmonary hypertension along with thromboxane A2 release into the blood and other hemodynamic and blood cell changes, including hypertension, granulocytosis, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia. One pig injected with 5x CMT developed an anaphylactic shock requiring resuscitation, while a repeat dose failed to induce the reaction, implying tachyphylaxis. These typical CARPA symptoms could not be linked to animal age, sex, prior immune stimulation with zymosan, immunization of animals with Comirnaty i.v., or i.m. 2 weeks before the vaccine challenge, and anti-PEG IgM levels in Comirnaty-immunized pigs. Nevertheless, IgM binding to the whole vaccine, used as antigen in an ELISA, was significantly higher in reactive animals compared to non-reactive ones. Incubation of Comirnaty with pig serum in vitro showed significant elevations of C3a anaphylatoxin and sC5b-9, the C-terminal complex. These data raise the possibility that C activation plays a causal or contributing role in the rare HSRs to Comirnaty and other vaccines with similar side effects. Further studies are needed to uncover the factors controlling these vaccine reactions in pigs and to understand their translational value to humans.
Predictors and prognostic impact of left ventricular ejection fraction trajectories in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Lei Zhijun , Li Bingyu , Li Bo , Peng Wenhui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
There is little evidence on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) trajectories after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Aim
We aim to identify the LVEF trajectories after STEMI and explore their predictors and association with prognosis.

Methods
This is a retrospective, observational study of STEMI patients. The LVEF trajectories were identified by the latent class trajectory model in patients with baseline LVEF < 50%. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate the predictors for LVEF trajectories. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the impact of LVEF trajectories on prognosis. The primary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality and heart failure (HF) rehospitalization.

Results
572 of 1179 patients presented with baseline normal LVEF (≥ 50%) and 607 with baseline reduced LVEF (< 50%). Two distinct LVEF trajectories were identified in patients with baseline reduced LVEF: recovered LVEF group and persistently reduced LVEF group. Higher baseline LVEF, lower peak troponin T, non-anterior MI, and lower heart rates were all found to be independently associated with LVEF recovery. After multivariate adjustments, patients with persistently reduced LVEF experienced an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 7.49, 95% CI 1.94–28.87, P = 0.003) and HF rehospitalization (HR 3.54, 95% CI 1.56–8.06 P = 0.003) compared to patients with baseline normal LVEF. Patients with recovered LVEF, on the other hand, showed no significant risk of cardiovascular mortality and HF rehospitalization.

Conclusion
Our study indicated two distinct LVEF trajectories after STEMI and that the persistently reduced LVEF trajectory was related to poor prognosis. In addition, several baseline characteristics can predict LVEF recovery.
Neuroadaptive control of information-poor servomechanisms with smooth and nonsmooth uncertainties
Authors: Yang Guichao , Wang Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor motion control of uncertain servomechanisms, nonlinear dynamics including smooth and nonsmooth types, external disturbances, signal measurement noises, asymmetric input saturation, and so on seriously hinder the further development of high-performance closed-loop control algorithms. However, already existing control strategies cannot address the above-mentioned issues at the same time. It greatly increases the difficulty of controller design especially when some states are not measurable. Inspired by above motivations, this paper exploits neural networks to deal with nonlinear dynamics including discontinuous types, and combines extended state observers to estimate disturbances and unmeasurable states for uncertain nonlinear servomechanisms. Meanwhile, the desired-command-based model compensation approach is integrated into the controller design. It is worth noting that the neural network weights are updated by the combination of the estimation error and tracking error to acquire better approximation accuracy. According to above technologies, a novel extended-state-observer-based neural network adaptive motion control algorithm will be synthesized. The bounded stability of the whole closed-loop system is proved strictly. In addition, the comparisons of the application results on an electro-hydraulic servo system verify the availability and superiority of the developed control algorithm.