bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of serum IP‐10/CXCL10 measurement in predicting post‐direct acting antiviral treatment liver function in patients with HCV‐decompensated liver cirrhosis
Authors: Katoh Ryo , Maekawa Shinya , Osawa Leona , Komiyama Yasuyuki , Nakakuki Natsuko , Takada Hitomi , Matsuda Shuya , Muraoka Masaru , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sato Mitsuaki , Tatsumi Akihisa , Takano Shinichi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Nakayama Yasuhiro , Inoue Taisuke , Enomoto Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, with the advent of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir therapy, sustained virological response (SVR) can now be achieved even in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (dLC). However, the prognosis after SVR does not always improve in dLC, and appropriate indicators enabling prediction of prognosis is desired.Patients and methodsSerum IP‐10/CXCL10 levels were measured in 47 patients (15 chronic hepatitis [CH], 17 compensated cirrhosis [cLC], and 15 dLC) receiving direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, and their changes during the therapy were examined.ResultsAll the patients achieved SVR. In patients with CH, the average IP‐10 level was 367, 102, and 68 pg/ml respectively at baseline, at the end of therapy and at 12 weeks after SVR (SVR12), and was decreased upon DAA therapy (P < 0.001). In patients with cLC, IP‐10 was respectively 215, 91, and 77 pg/ml, and was decreased upon DAA therapy (P < 0.001) while it was 283, 131, and 182 pg/ml in patients with dLC and there was no evident decrease (P = 0.55). When patients with dLC were further classified depending on the difference in Child–Pugh (CP) score improvement at SVR12, a significant decrease in IP‐10 was observed after treatment in those with improvement (P = 0.023) while a significant increase was observed in those without improvement (P = 0.016).ConclusionWhile serum IP‐10 level was decreased in patients with CH/cLC and dLC with post‐SVR‐CP improvement following SVR, it was increased in patients with dLC without post‐SVR CP improvement. The result indicates that IP‐10 dynamics may be useful for predicting liver function after DAA therapy.
Yogurt added with beetroot extract: physicochemical parameters, biological activities and sensory evaluation by check‐all‐that‐apply method
Authors: Soutelino Maria Eduarda Marques , da Silva Daniele Brandão , da Silva Rocha Ramon , de Oliveira Bianca Cristina Rocha , Esmerino Erick Almeida , da Cruz Adriano Gomes , Mársico Eliane Teixeira , Silva Adriana Cristina de Oliveira 
Published: November 2022

SummaryBeetroot is a vegetable rich in betalains, which contains colouring and functional properties that can be beneficial in processing dairy products. In order to combine the benefits of yogurt and beetroot, the objective was to elaborate whole yogurts added with beetroot syrup in the following concentrations: 0% (T1), 13% (T2), 17% (T3) and 20% (T4), and to determine its physicochemical characteristics, biological activities and sensory attributes by the Check‐All‐That‐Apply (CATA) method and acceptance by hedonic scale, compared to the control yogurt with the addition of 5% w/w sucrose (T1). The beet syrup had a high content of betacyanins and betaxanthins (491.01 ± 1.67 mg.L−1 and 226.15 ± 0.26 mg. L−1 respectively). There was a progressive increase in the inhibition of ACE, α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase and antioxidant activity as the syrup content increased in the formulations (P < 0.05). The sensory attributes ‘acid aroma’, ‘earthy flavour’, ‘bitter taste’ and ‘fluid texture’ were considered negative preference drivers for T2 and T4, while T3 yogurt was the most appreciated by consumers. Despite showing colour changes during storage, adding beet syrup promoted a naturally attractive colour to the yogurts. The results suggest that the addition of beetroot syrup in yogurts, in addition to being an alternative to using artificial colouring in the industry, can provide health benefits to consumers by forming bioactive compounds.
Capsaicin microcapsules with high encapsulation efficiency and storage stability based on sodium caseinate–acetylated wheat starch: preparation and characterisation
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Saleh Ahmed S.M. , Zhang Bo , Liang Wei , Zhao Wenqing , Zheng Jiayu , Ge Xiangzhen , Shen Huishan , Li Wenhao 
Published: November 2022

SummarySodium caseinate and acetylated wheat starch were combined at different mass ratios and used as wall materials to microencapsulate capsaicin. The morphological, structural and physicochemical properties of the prepared capsaicin‐loaded emulsion and spray‐dried microcapsules were investigated. Additionally, the stability of capsaicin microcapsules to various storage light and temperature conditions was evaluated. Combined sodium caseinate and acetylated wheat starch exhibited good emulsifying properties compared with single‐wall material. Additionally, the highest microencapsulation efficiency of 84.05% was achieved when sodium caseinate and wheat starch acetate were combined at a mass ratio of 3:7. The capsaicin microcapsule exhibited a spherical shape and the size was not uniform, while the colour and dispersion of the particles were homogeneous. The capsaicin microcapsules displayed solubility in the range of 77.88%–97.64%. Furthermore, more than 60% of the microencapsulated capsaicin was retained after 15 days of storage at various light and temperature conditions. The principle component analysis demonstrated that a combination of sodium caseinate and wheat starch acetate is effective for microencapsulating capsaicin and promoting its applications.
Preparation and characterisation of biodegradable polylactic acid/ethyl cellulose film produced using the extruder and roller mixer machine
Authors: Hosseini Samane , Kadivar Mahdi , Shekarchizadeh Hajar , Alsharif Mohammad Ali 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe present study aimed to produce polylactic acid (PLA) and ethyl cellulose (EC) biodegradable film using a single screw extruder and a roller mixer machine. This method resulted in better mixing of the polymers, reducing the possibility of burns and easier control of the film thickness. The mechanical properties measurement showed that tensile strength (TS) decreased by about 37.9%, and elongation at break (EAB) increased about 2.6‐fold by increasing EC to 75%. The increase in EAB indicated the plasticising effect of EC. Since flexibility is essential in shaping a material without fracture, PLA/EC blend films can be a good candidate for packaging. According to DSC results, glass‐transition temperature (Tg) decreased in the blend films, probably due to the increase in the hydrophilicity of the films after EC addition. The water contact angle of pure PLA film was about 83°, whereas it reached 28° in the film containing 75% EC. The water vapour permeability of PLA film was 2.24 × 10−11 g m.s.Pa−1 and PLA reduction to 25% increased the WVP by about two times. Adding EC into the pure PLA film reduced the transparency, indicating the potential of blend film for the packaging of light‐sensitive food products. Besides, EC addition enhanced PLA biodegradability after enzymatic treatment (alcalase) and soil burial.
Loss of glutamatergic signalling from MCH neurons reduced anxiety‐like behaviours in novel environments
Authors: Sankhe Aditi S. , Bordeleau Dillon , Alfonso Diana I. Martin , Wittman Gábor , Chee Melissa J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMelanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons within the hypothalamus are heterogeneous and can coexpress additional neuropeptides and transmitters. The majority of MCH neurons express vesicular transporters to package glutamate for synaptic release, and MCH neurons can directly innervate downstream neurons via glutamate release. Although glutamatergic signalling from MCH neurons may support physiological and behavioural roles that are independent of MCH (e.g., in glucose homeostasis and nutrient‐sensing), it can also mediate similar roles to MCH in the regulation of energy balance. In addition to energy balance, the MCH system has also been implicated in mood disorders, as MCH receptor antagonists have anxiolytic and anti‐depressive effects. However, the contribution of glutamatergic signalling from MCH neurons to mood‐related functions have not been investigated. We crossed Mch‐cre mice with floxed‐Vglut2 mice to delete the expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) and disable glutamatergic signalling specifically from MCH neurons. The resulting Mch‐Vglut2‐KO mice showed Vglut2 deletion from over 75% of MCH neurons, and although we did not observe changes in depressive‐like behaviours, we found that Mch‐Vglut2‐KO mice displayed anxiety‐like behaviours. Mch‐Vglut2‐KO mice showed reduced exploratory activity when placed in a new cage and were quicker to consume food placed in the centre of a novel open arena. These findings showed that Vglut2 deletion from MCH neurons resulted in anxiolytic actions and suggested that the anxiogenic effects of glutamate are similar to those of the MCH peptide. Taken together, these findings suggest that glutamate and MCH may synergize to regulate and promote anxiety‐like behaviour.
Longitudinal decline of plasma neurofilament light levels after antiretroviral initiation in people living with HIV
Authors: Ripamonti Enrico , Edén Arvid , Nilsson Staffan , Sönnerborg Anders , Zetterberg Henrik , Gisslén Magnus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective follow‐up study aims to investigate the dynamic longitudinal change of plasma neurofilament light (NfL) levels after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in a cohort of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH).MethodsWe tested a convenience sample of 116 patients from the NORTHIV study. Plasma NfL levels—measured using Single molecule array (Simoa) technology—as well as other laboratory parameters were collected at baseline, weeks 4, 48, 96, and 144. Linear mixed‐effects models were estimated to evaluate longitudinal change over time. Baseline CD4+ T‐cell levels, CDC classification, and HIV RNA levels were considered. Models were adjusted by age, sex, treatment regimen, and baseline serum creatinine levels.ResultsPlasma NfL levels were higher at baseline and also declined faster during the follow‐up for participants with CD4+ count <100 cells/µl compared with >100 cells/µl. No significant difference was found between the CD4+ strata 100–199 and 200–499/µl. Participants with CDC classification stages B and C had higher levels of plasma NfL at baseline, as well as faster decline compared with participants with stage A. No significant main effects or change over time was found in baseline HIV RNA levels, treatment regimen, or sex.ConclusionPlasma NfL is a sensitive biomarker to assess ongoing central nervous system injury in PWH. Plasma NfL concentrations decline relatively fast following ART initiation and then stabilize after 48 weeks. Plasma NfL concentrations are associated with CD4+ count and stage of HIV disease. No correlations were seen with different ART regimens.
Is being there enough? Postgraduate nurse practitioner residencies in rural primary care
Authors: Kaplan Louise , Pollack Samantha W. , Skillman Susan M. , Patterson Davis G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeLittle research has been conducted on the outcomes of postgraduate nurse practitioner (NP) programs (referred to as residencies), particularly those located in rural communities. This study examined the purpose and characteristics of rural NP residencies that aim to promote the successful recruitment, transition, and retention of NPs in rural primary care practice.MethodsWe compiled a list of rural NP residencies and verified the location of each clinic as rural if it met any of several federal definitions of rurality. We interviewed grant and project administrators, residency program directors, clinic personnel, and former and current NP residents using semistructured guides.FindingsOf 20 rural NP residencies identified, we interviewed 12 program directors or managers; 8 NPs; and 4 clinic personnel. All but 1 program was 12 months long. Three‐quarters had federal funding. Each slowly increased residents’ patient load and included didactic content and specialty rotations. We identified 2 different program models and 3 administrative models. Some NPs’ intentionally chose rural practice, while others opted for a rural residency when unable to secure employment in an urban location. Most programs were new and not yet able to report on residents’ subsequent employment locations.ConclusionsIt is premature to conclude definitively that rural NP residencies facilitate and promote NP connectedness to, and investment in, rural communities based on our investigation. Nonetheless, these programs are an option to encourage the recruitment and retention of NPs in rural practice, with further study needed to determine their long‐term contribution to rural primary care practice.
Incidence and type of peripheral intravenous catheter complications documented in hospitalised dogs
Authors: Simpson S. E. , Zersen K. M. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo report the incidence and type of peripheral intravenous catheter complications in hospitalised dogs.MethodsA prospective, observational trial was performed. Peripheral intravenous catheters were monitored for complications. Complications were documented and classified as extravasation, phlebitis, dislodgement, occlusion and line breakage. If phlebitis was present, the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale was used to assign a grade (0 to 5). Fisher's exact test was used to compare the type of complications between the critical care unit and the intermediate care unit. A univariate logistic model was used to compare the incidence of complications between the critical care unit and the intermediate care unit and adjusted odds ratios were used to compare the groups.ResultsThe incidence of peripheral intravenous catheter complications was 24.2% in the Critical Care Unit and 13.1% in the Intermediate Care Unit, with an overall incidence of 19.9%. Phlebitis was the most common peripheral intravenous catheter complication in the Critical Care Unit, and line breakage was the most common complication in the Intermediate Care Unit. Length of hospitalisation and weight had a significant effect on the likelihood of complication. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the odds of a peripheral intravenous catheter complication was not significantly higher in CCU than IMCU, accounting for length of hospitalisation and weight (adjusted odds ratio, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.98 to 3.48).Clinical SignificancePeripheral intravenous catheter complications are common in hospitalised dogs and may result in an increased expense for owners, failure to deliver prescribed treatments, venous depletion (lack of peripheral vessels for intravenous catheter placement) and pain experienced by the patient. Techniques to reduce peripheral intravenous catheter complications should be further evaluated and may include the use of peripheral intravenous catheter placement and maintenance checklists, use of force‐activated separation devices, or patient sedation.
Does the employment effect of national minimum wage vary by non‐employment rate? A regression discontinuity approach
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhu Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe extend the Regression Discontinuity model to evaluate the procyclicality of employment effect of minimum wage and show that previous estimates may be biased due to failure to account for the local non‐employment rate. The results suggest that the positive employment effect of increasing minimum wage is strongly procyclical, that is, is more pronounced in areas with low non‐employment rates. Under an assumption that employers have no direct impact around the cut‐off point, the results suggest that a higher minimum wage increases labour supply of young workers.
Mapping the root systems of individual trees in a natural community using genotyping‐by‐sequencing
Authors: Osborne Owen G. , Dobreva Mariya P. , Papadopulos Alexander S. T. , de Moura Magna S. B. , Brunello Alexandre T. , de Queiroz Luciano P. , Pennington R. Toby , Lloyd Jon , Savolainen Vincent 
Published: November 2022

Summary
The architecture of root systems is an important driver of plant fitness, competition and ecosystem processes. However, the methodological difficulty of mapping roots hampers the study of these processes. Existing approaches to match individual plants to belowground samples are low throughput and species specific. Here, we developed a scalable sequencing‐based method to map the root systems of individual trees across multiple species. We successfully applied it to a tropical dry forest community in the Brazilian Caatinga containing 14 species.
We sequenced all 42 individual shrubs and trees in a 14 × 14 m plot using double‐digest restriction site‐associated sequencing (ddRADseq). We identified species‐specific markers and individual‐specific haplotypes from the data. We matched these markers to the ddRADseq data from 100 mixed root samples from across the centre (10 × 10 m) of the plot at four different depths using a newly developed R package.
We identified individual root samples for all species and all but one individual. There was a strong significant correlation between belowground and aboveground size measurements, and we also detected significant species‐level root‐depth preference for two species.
The method is more scalable and less labour intensive than the current techniques and is broadly applicable to ecology, forestry and agricultural biology.
Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sarcopenic obesity
Authors: Liu Chaoran , Wong Pui Yan , Chung Yik Lok , Chow Simon Kwoon‐Ho , Cheung Wing Hoi , Law Sheung Wai , Chan Juliana Chung Ngor , Wong Ronald Man Yeung 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAging and obesity are two global concerns in public health. Sarcopenic obesity (SO), defined as the combination of age‐related sarcopenia and obesity, has become a pressing issue. This systematic review and meta‐analysis summarize the current clinical evidence relevant to SO. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched, and 106 clinical studies with 167,151 elderlies were included. The estimated prevalence of SO was 9% in both men and women. Obesity was associated with 34% reduced risk of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.91; p < 0.001). The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of all‐cause mortality was 1.51 (95% CI 1.14–2.02; p < 0.001) for people with SO compared with healthy individuals. SO was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and related mortality, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, arthritis, functional limitation, and lung diseases (all ORs > 1.0, p < 0.05). The attenuated risk of sarcopenia in elderlies with obesity (“obesity paradox”) was dependent on higher muscle mass and strength. Apart from unifying the diagnosis of SO, more research is needed to subphenotype people with obesity and sarcopenia for individualized treatment. Meanwhile, the maintenance of proper body composition of muscle and fat may delay or attenuate the adverse outcomes of aging.
Fear of falling from the perspective of affected persons—A systematic review and qualitative meta‐summary using Sandelowski and Barroso's method
Authors: Baltes Marion , Herber Oliver Rudolf , Meyer Gabriele , Stephan Astrid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFear of falling (FoF) affects a large number of older people, whether they have a history of falls or not. This has an impact on their lives. FoF is a potentially modifiable factor, which has been identified as one of the most important threats to older people's autonomy.ObjectivesTo gain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐summary. The available evidence from qualitative research exploring how people experience FoF and how FoF affects daily living was aggregated.MethodsWe followed the approach by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) as a method to aggregate knowledge based on an exhaustive literature search. We searched the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SSCI systematically for relevant articles as well as grey literature until September 2020. Out of the included studies, findings were extracted, edited, grouped and abstracted into meta‐findings. Finally, the manifest frequency effect size of each abstracted meta‐finding was calculated.ResultsOut of 2978 identified studies, 15 met our inclusion criteria, which were published between 1993 and 2017 and included a total of 276 participants. We extracted 578 findings, and the abstraction process resulted in 183 meta‐findings. We identified three main topics: ‘Triggers and reasons for FoF identified by affected people’, ‘Consequences attributed to FoF’ and ‘Strategies to manage FoF in daily life’.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that FoF has a far‐reaching impact on the lives of those affected. With the aggregation of the existing qualitative data with the application of the frequency effect size, we were able to identify three areas of particular importance to those affected: (1) controlling the risk, (2) creating a safe environment and (3) staying independent. Implications for practice these three areas of particular importance to those affected should be taken into account when revisiting or creating new interventions to prevent or reduce FoF.
A Randomized Study on the Prophylactic Use of Acetaminophen to Prevent Fever after the Removal of Drainage Tubes for Lumbar Surgery
Authors: Ye Kaifeng , Li Yan , Xing Yong , Liu Kaixi , Zhou Fang , Tian Yun , Zhang Yanping 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMany inpatients encounter a fever in the first 24 h after drainage removal. It is costly to exclude the possibility of deep infection and cultures usually fail to identify the etiology. We hypothesize that the fever is caused by a normal inflammatory response and tested whether the prophylactic use of acetaminophen could reduce the fever rate.MethodsThis was a prospectively randomized clinical trial performed from July 2019 to January 2020. A total of 183 consecutive patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery were prospectively randomized into two groups. Ninety‐one patients were randomized into the study group; they received oral acetaminophen before removal of the drainage tubes and a second dose at 8 p.m. on the same day. The remaining 92 patients were placed in the control group, and they were given routine treatment without acetaminophen. The two groups were compared for differences in age, sex, height, weight, BMI, surgical segments, surgical time, blood loss, blood transfusion, ASA score, duration of drainage, total volume of the drainage, variation of WBC and CRP, hospital stay after the removal of the drainage tube and the rate of fever. Student's t‐test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyze the continuous data, while the chi‐square test was used for the analysis of the ranked data.ResultsRegarding the comparisons of basic information, there were no significant differences between the two groups for age, height, weight, BMI, surgical segments, surgical time, blood loss, blood transfusion, total drainage volume, duration of drainage, hospital stay, WBC, and CRP variation or the duration of hospital stay after removal of the drainage tube (all p > 0.05). However, the fever rate was significantly different (p = 0.006), and the fever rate of the study group (14/91, 15.38%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (30/92, 32.61%). In the study group, there were no complications related to the use of acetaminophen during the hospital stay or during the outpatient follow‐up period.ConclusionFever after removal of tube drainage is caused by a normal inflammatory response, and a small dose of acetaminophen could significantly reduce the possibility of fever.