bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Literature Review of Diagnostic Applicability of ICD 11 Classification of Personality Disorders in Comparison with ICD 10
Authors: Ahmed F. , Roy R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPersonality disorders are frequently encountered by all healthcare professionals and can often pose a diagnostic dilemma due to the crossover of different traits amongst the various subtypes. The ICD 10 classification comprised of succinct parameters of the 10 subtypes of personality disorders but lacked a global approach to address the complexity of the disease. The ICD 11 classification provides a more structural approach to aid in clinical diagnosis.ObjectivesA literature review of the diagnostic applicability of ICD 11 classification of personality disorders is presented in comparison with the ICD 10 classification.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the literature outlining the ICD 10 and 11 classifications of personality disorders, exploring the differences in evidence-based applications of both.ResultsThe ICD 11 classification of personality disorders supersedes the ICD 10 classification in describing the severity of the personality dysfunction in conjunction with a wide range of trait domain qualifiers, thus enabling the clinician to portray the disease dynamically. The current evidence available on the utility of the ICD 11 classification gives a promising outlook for its application in clinical settings.ConclusionsThe ICD 11 has transformed the classification of personality disorders by projecting a dimensional description of personality functioning, aiming to overcome the diagnostic deficiencies in the ICD 10 classification. The versatility offered by the application of the ICD 11 classification can be pivotal in reshaping the focus and intensity of clinical management of the disease.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Disease Burden Of Co-Occurring Borderline Personality Disorder In Patients With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Turki M. , Abdellatif M. , Gargouri N. , Ellouze S. , Blanji S. , Daoud A. , Halouani N. , Aloulou J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIn recent years, advances in the areas of both bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) have generated considerable interest in the relationship between these two conditions, since that they are commonly comorbid.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the impact of BPD on course of illness in patients with BP.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study among 30 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with BD in the Psychiatry « B » department, Hedi Chaker Hospital (Sfax, Tunisia). The McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD) was used to screen for BPD. Clinical outcomes (hospital stays, comorbidities, suicidality…) were compared between BD- patients with or without BPD comorbidity.Results
The mean age was 41.63 years, with a sex ratio of ½. Among the patients, 2/3 were diagnosed with BD-I, while 1/3 presented a BD-II. Physical comorbidities, comorbid anxious and eating disorders were noted respectively in 36.7%; 16.7% and 43.3% of patients. Suicidal attempts were reported in 46.7% of cases. According to MSI-BPD, a comorbid BPD was noted in 30% of our sample. Patients with BD-II were significantly more likely to present BDP traits (50%) than those with BD-I (20%) (p<0.001). Patients with BPD were significantly more likely to attempt suicide (p=0.033), and to present physical comorbidities (p<0.001) and comorbid eating disorders (p<0.001).ConclusionsOur study showed that BPD darkens the prognosis of BD, because of worse outcomes related to suicide, physical and psychiatric comorbidities. Thus, its co-occurrence complicates the management of BD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Comorbidity in borderline personality disorder and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the context of impulsivity and emotional dysregulation
Authors: Tóth R. , Kenézlői E. , Bajzát B. , Balogh L. , Somogyi S. , Unoka Z. , Réthelyi J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIn a significant proportion of people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (aADHD) comorbid mental disorders, such as mood, anxiety, personality and substance use disorders can be detected. BPD and aADHD present with a partial overlap in the clinical symptoms, including increased impulsivity levels and difficulty in emotional regulation. Higher impulsivity and emotional dysregulation (ED) can result in impaired global functioning or damaged social relationships.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the comorbid psychiatric diagnoses of the two patient groups, and explore the possible role of ED and impulsivity in the background of the different comorbid disorders.MethodsData about BPD (N=49) and aADHD (N=60) patients were analyzed based on the M.I.N.I. Plus 5.0 and SCID-5-PD structured clinical interviews. Participants were further investigated with online questionnaires: e.g. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). For measuring the influence of impulsivity and ED in the development of comorbid disorders binary logistic regression was used.ResultsOur results showed comorbidity rates similar to previous findings in BPD patients, but lower rates were observed in aADHD. Elevated levels of ED increases the risk of suicidal ideation, mood, anxiety and eating disorders. Based on our data increased impulsivity can reduce the chance of comorbid anxiety disorders.ConclusionsThe results provide insight into the pattern of comorbid disorders, role of ED and impulsivity in people diagnosed with aADHD and BPD in Hungary. Understanding their underlying mechanisms helps to establish an accurate diagnosis, which affects treatment effectiveness.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder In A Prolonged Grief Disorder Or In Depression?
Authors: Varlam C.I. , Dumitrache A.M. , Itu A. , Andreea G. , Rogojină R. , Bedreagă I. , Dragomir R. , Bădescu A. , Patrichi B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionFunctional neurological symptom disorder (FND) is characterized by the ideogenic neurologic presentation deriving from unconscious stressors or conflicts. The symptoms of FND usually begin with a psychiatric illness—most commonly depression, but with the release of the latest version of International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11), a new favoring factor comes to our mind: prolonged grief disorder (PGD), the newcomer to psychopathology.ObjectivesThe purpose of this case-report is to highlight the several key differences between PGD and depression, and the role of PGD in the onset of FND.MethodsThe authors report the case of a 22 years old woman with a history of frequent seizures with loss of consciousness and the absence of stimulus-response, which started soon after the death of her 31 years old brother. Psychologically, the patient presented sustained interest in the deceased, self-blame, confusion, emptiness and low mood. On a physical exam, the patient showed periocular hyperpigmentation.ResultsThe emergent symptoms and signs were resistant, failed to resolve with medication alone and continued to persist across all settings. The neurological dysfunction remained present and interfered with the patient’s functioning, until applying grief-oriented psychotherapy, which was the most efficient approach.ConclusionsIn conclusion, PGD represents a favoring condition for the onset of FND and it is most often mistaken with depression. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish between these two disorders, as there is solid evidence that treatment for depression is far less helpful than targeted grief treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Impulsive traits and dual pathology in patients with depression and alcohol dependence, a case report
Authors: Huete Naval M. , Reyes Molón L. , Regueiro Martín-Albo C. , Galerón R. , Herrero Pellón E. , Albarracin P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAlcohol dependence is one of the most frequent comorbidities in depression. Multiple environmental and neurobiological factors are directly involved in these diseases. In particular, impulsivity is present in many patients with dual pathology and may play a relevant role in its causes, clinical manifestations and prognosis.ObjectivesTo review the relationship between impulsive traits and dual pathology in patients with depression and alcohol dependence.MethodsPresentation of a clinical case supported by a non- systematic review of literature containing the key-words “impulsivity”, “depression” and “alcohol dependence”.ResultsThis is a case report of a 43-year-old male with a known history of alcohol dependence and recurrent depression. Interestingly, the patient has a family history of bipolar disorder and alcohol abuse disorder on the paternal side, and frontotemporal dementia on the maternal side. He currently presents a depressive episode associates associated with a significant increase in alcohol consumption. The patient has presented prominent impulsive traits since adolescence that have been aggravated in recent years. This lack of impulse control is described as one of the most relevant factors in relapses in alcohol consumption. Multiple studies correlate the lack of impulse control with a worse prognosis in both alcohol dependence (greater probability of relapses and resistance to treatment) and depression (increased suicide risk). Likewise, an increase in cognitive impulsivity has been observed during depressive episodes, characterized by an inability to inhibit behaviors that have already begun and poor planning capacity, which could lead to a worsening of alcohol abuse.ConclusionsImpulsivity traits are related to a worse prognosis in dual pathology due to alcohol and depression, and may present common etiopathogenic mechanisms.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A Case Study of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures in a patient with Dependent Personality Disorder
Authors: Malik M.F.A. , Najeeb B. , Ishaque A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPsychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (PNES) refer to the dissociative condition which resembles seizures but does not involve epileptic synchronous cortical activity (Huff, 2021). 20% of people visiting epilepsy clinics have PNES (Huff, 2021). Depression, anxiety, and personality disorders predispose towards PNES (Ekanayake, 2018).ObjectivesTo present a case of PNES in a patient with dependent personality disorder (DPD) and to discuss the sociocultural aspects.MethodsA case study.ResultsA 23-years old, married female presented with 20 days history of episodes of ‘falling down, rolling on ground, and involuntary movements of her head.’ The episodes typically lasted from 20-25 minutes. During the episodes, patient closed her eyes but remained conscious and expressed her distress with gestures, and tearfulness was also observed. Her condition improved when she was offered water. The clinical picture of these episodes evolved with time. Her EEG and serum prolactin levels following the episodes were normal. Accordingly, a diagnosis of PNES was made. No acute stressor was present. The patient also fulfilled the criteria of Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). During communication with the patient, it appeared that the patient and her attendants perceived the train of questioning as investigational rather than therapeutic. Efforts were made towards a more empathetic understanding of their point of view, and the tailoring of long-term management in accordance with their sociocultural context.ConclusionsThe socio-cultural context is important in the management of PNES and a sensitive, and collaborative approach is recommended. Assessment of personality should be considered in patients presenting with PNES.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the management of a bipolar disorder with comorbid OCD: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Adouni A. , Ben Othman F. , Bencheikh C. , Oumaya A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionNumerous clinical and epidemiological studies show an increased prevalence of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, in subjects followed for bipolar disorder. This comorbidity is not without consequence on the evolutionary course of the mood disorder, with frequent relapse, a lower pharmacological sensitivity and an increased risk of suicide.ObjectivesWe aim to analyze through a clinical observation and according to the data of the literature the place of ECT in the management of a bipolar disorder with comorbid OCD.MethodsIn this work, we reported a case of a patient in which depressive episodes of bipolar disorder and OCD comorbidity were present and the symptoms were resolved using ECT.ResultsMrs. TN with family history of suicide had experienced her first depressive episode in 2005 in post-partum, when she had 31 years old. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder II with comorbid OCD was retained after she has had several depressive relapses with few hypomanic ones and reported obsessive suicidal ideation with many religious compulsions. Despite several pharmacotherapeutic combinations (Teralithe, Olanzapine and Venlafaxine) a remission of the symptoms could only be obtained after 15 sessions of ECT that she has had in 2017.ConclusionsECT can be a very good substitute for the treatment of mood disorders with comorbid OCD resistant to pharmacotherapy.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Synthetic cathinone (α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone): an emerging threat
Authors: Rosello-Molina V. , Hervas Aparisi A. , Simon Blanes M. , Tejera Nuñez J. , Moreno Soldado E. , Meri Abad I. , Sparano Ros O. , Ribera C. , Esteban M. , De Vicente Muñoz T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAlpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) is a synthetic cathinone with uneven distribution throughout the world. Its use is not uniformly regulated and its distribution is legal in some European countries. Easily accessible and available through different websites. Synthetic cathinones inhibit monoamine transporters which include dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, resulting in increased neurotransmitter synaptic concentration. Ways of administration show wide range regarding latency period. Onset and appearance of symptoms as well as their duration and intensity may fluctuate. A decreasing order of latency (oral, inhaled, sublingual and intravenous) has been reported. α-PHP can result in the appearance of psychiatric symptoms, include among others, intoxication with sensory perception disturbances and α-PHP -induced psychotic episodes.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to assess the epidemiology, clinical and legal features regarding Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP).MethodsReview the current bibliography to upgrade the existing knowledge. -Present assorted cases with diverse clinical features. All cases include variability through psychopathological interview, symptoms assessment and treatment response according to rating scales (PANSS, YMRS). -Evaluate different treatment administration ways during acute phase and after hospital discharge.ResultsDifferences were observed after hospitalization in the response using diverse rating scales. We used antipsychotics to treat intoxication with sensory perception disturbances and α-PHP -induced psychotic episodes. α-PHP had a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients.Conclusions
α-PHP is a synthetic cathinone with potential risk to mental health and life of users. It is mandatory to implement common legislation all through the European Union to prevent its use and possible implications on population’s mental health.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychotic symptoms and Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: Nzamba Nzamba D. , Benallel K. , Kaddaf A. , Gartoum M. , Kadiri M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, affects 1% of the population after the age of 60. Motor symptoms are the most common features that may be associated with non-motor symptoms including psychotic symptoms.ObjectivesFaire le point sur les modalités de prise en charge des symptômes psychotiques au cours de la maladie de ParkinsonMethodsNous décrivons 3 cas de développement de symptômes psychotiques, survenus chez des patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson, et faisons le point sur la prise en charge des manifestations symptomatiques psychiatriques dans la maladie de Parkinson, par une brève revue de la littérature.ResultsCase 1: 42-year-old man, with 5 years’ history of PD, presented with auditory hallucinations comorbid with paranoid personality disorder, which occurred 12 months following antiparkinsonian drugs use. Case 2: 58-year-old man, with 17 years’ history of PD, presented jealousy delusions and behavioral disorders, which occurred 12 years following antiparkinsonian drugs use. Case 3: 76-year-old man, with 36 years’ history of PD, presented visual hallucinations, subjective sensation of a presence and jealousy delusion, which occurred 26 years following antiparkinsonian drugs use.ConclusionsLes symptômes psychotiques de la maladie de Parkinson sont fréquents. La prise en charge consiste à traiter les symptômes psychotiques sans aggraver les symptômes moteurs liés à l’hypo-dopaminergie.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Knowledge of conversion disorder by primary care physician
Authors: Baati I. , Ben Abdallah M. , Arous A. , Guermazi F. , Hentati S. , Jdidi J. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPrimary care physicians tend to examine patients with conversion disorder (CD) first. A good knowledge of this disorder will allow an early diagnosis and avoid unnecessary investigations for the patient.ObjectivesTo assess the knowledge of primary care physicians about patients with CD.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study among 90 primary care physicians in Sfax (Tunisia). We used an anonymous self-questionnaire for data collection.ResultsThe response rate to our questionnaire was 60%. The participants’ age ranged from 25 to 70 years, with a median of 41 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.92. The majority of physicians (75.9%) have practiced in the public sector. Among the respondents, 75.9% had theoretical training in CD, 14.8% had continuing medical education (CME), and 42.6% had hospital experience in a psychiatric department. The overall proportion of correct answers was 71.8%. The most recognised symptoms of CD were: dysphonia-aphonia, paresthesia or paresis. All doctors mentioned at least one criterion to distinguish CD from epileptic seizures and loss of consciousness.ConclusionsThere are some gaps in primary care physicians’ knowledge of CD. Thus, we propose to reconsider the conduct of CME, to favour small group training workshops with role-playing and to improve the collaboration between the psychiatrist and the primary care physician.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pots syndrome: the importance of organic screening in anxiety patients. Case report
Authors: Del Sol Calderón P. , Mallol Castaño L. , Paricio Del Castillo R. , Izquierdo De La Puente A. , Garcia Moreno M. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction16-year-old female who starts psychiatric follow-up due to episodes of anxiety crises with dizziness and tremors.Objectives
To expose a case in which it is essential to rule out organic pathology in cases where there is anxiety and physical symptoms.MethodsCase report and literature reviewResultsThe patient explains that she was in a situation of conflict with her ex-partner, commenting that he did not accept the breakup. Sertraline was prescribed in ascending doses up to 100 mg per day with complete remission of anxiety. 8 months later, she went to the emergency room for loss of consciousness and tremor of the lower limbs. She was diagnosed with conversive disorder and was prescribed lorazepam up to 3 mg per day. Since then, there has been a worsening in the frequency of syncope occurring up to 10 times a day, limiting her academic and social life. She was evaluated by a cardiologist who diagnosed Pots Syndrome (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome) and started treatment with ivabradine and mineralocorticoids. With this treatment, the episodes were drastically reduced and spaced out to 1-2 per week. The dose of lorazepam is decreased until its withdrawal without worsening of the anxious symptomatology.ConclusionsThis disorder consists of an involvement of the autonomic nervous system in which there is a sudden drop in blood pressure together with an abrupt increase in heart rate. Its treatment is based on increasing blood volume with drugs such as corticosteroids as well as postural measures with adequate water intake.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Pediatric complex regional pain syndrome: a review
Authors: Matas Ochoa A.M. , Martinez De Velasco R. , Bravo Herrero S. , Moreno Alonso I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic localized pain condition that can have a significant impact on the quality of life. It affects children and adolescents as well as adults, but is more common among adolescent girls.ObjectivesTo present up-to-date clinical information regarding CRPS in pediatric population.MethodsA review of recent literature.ResultsIn contrast to adults, CRPS appears after an initial event that is typically a minor trauma and occurs more frequently in the lower extremity than in the upper extremity. This syndrome is characterized by spontaneous or stimuli-induced pain, which is disproportionate to the actual incident trauma/stimulus, in the presence of a wide variety of autonomic and motor disturbances. The exact mechanism of CRPS is unknown, although several different mechanisms have been suggested. In many cases, CRPS follows a relatively minor trauma, in some cases, no previous injury was recalled and there are psychological factors implicated. It has been found a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with CRPS and it is considered stress has an important role in inducing or perpetuating CRPS. Standard care consists of a multidisciplinary approach with the implementation of intensive physical therapy in conjunction with psychological counseling; in some patients, pharmacological treatments may help to reduce pain.Conclusions

A multidisciplinary approach with psychological and psychiatric counseling are needed for effective management of CRPS. Further research in targeting specific mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CRPS should lead to prevention of this condition.DisclosureNo significant relationships.