bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter integrity and key structures affected in Alzheimer's disease characterized by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Xiao Danqing , Wang Kesheng , Theriault Luke , Charbel Elhelou ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhite matter (WM) degeneration is suggested to predict the early signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The exact structural regions of brain circuitry involved are not known. This study aims to examine the associations between WM tract integrity, represented by the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, and AD diagnosis and to denote the key substrates in predicting AD. It included DTI measures of mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity of 18 main WM tracts in 84 non‐Hispanic white participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. The multivariable general linear model was used to examine the association of AD diagnosis with each DTI measure adjusting for age, gender and education. The corpus callosum, fornix, cingulum hippocampus, uncinate fasciculus, sagittal striatum, left posterior thalamic radiation and fornix‐stria terminalis showed significant increases in MD, radial and axial diffusivity, whereas the splenium of corpus callosum and the fornix showed significant decreases in fractional anisotropy among AD patients. Variable cluster analysis identified that hippocampus volume, mini‐mental state examination (MMSE), cingulate gyrus/hippocampus, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus are highly correlated in one cluster with MD measures. In conclusion, there were significant differences in DTI measures between the brain WM of AD patients and controls. Age is the risk factor associated with AD, not gender or education. Right cingulum gyrus and right uncinate fasciculus are particularly affected, correlating well with a cognitive test MMSE and MD measures for dementia in AD patients and could be a region of focus for AD staging.
Geographies of running cultures and practices
Authors: Cook Simon , Larsen Jonas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRunning is inherently geographical, with spaces, places, movement and bodies central to the practice. Running has captured the geographical imagination over the last decade and this paper reaches across such work to provide a state‐of‐the‐art synthesis of the geographies of running. The review is structured around six key themes that characterise contemporary running geographies and demonstrate the value geography and running bring to each other: (1) different running practices; (2) theorising and researching running; (3) senses, experiences and embodiment; (4) running, space and place; (5) events; and (6) technologies and objects. The paper concludes by considering what is next for running geographies by highlighting three new avenues: (1) further engagement with digital geographies; (2) the runnability of places; and (3) diversifying who does running geography and who it studies.
Cruel (im)mobilities and the nearly utopian intimacies of Italian migrants’ personal relationships
Authors: Humbracht Michael , Williams Allan M , Cohen Scott 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost research on visits focuses on (semi)successful connections that equate valued intimacy to adaptation to transnational life and ethno‐national kin obligations. In contrast, we highlight important migrant relationships where adaptation is minimal and contact diminishes, yet they also take on heightened affective intensity. Drawing from a multi‐sited ethnography that includes migrants and friends and family, we examine the affective and ethical dimensions of visits and ICTs (information and communications technology) within the personal relationships of highly skilled Italian migrants in London. Deploying the concepts cruel optimism and polyrhythmia, the paper examines how contrasting rhythms of visits and ICTs provoke reflections and feelings on whether intimacies at a distance are ‘real’. Despite difficulties, informants suggest intimacies ‘feel normal’, imbuing relations with hope for their authenticity that grounds relations in a state of mobile impasse: where feelings of normalcy lead to less interest in recreating connections yet also constructs hope that sustains visits and digital connections.
Dietary intake of thiamine and riboflavin in relation to severe headache or migraine: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Li Dan , Guo Yang , Xia Mingrong , Zhang Jiewen , Zang Weizhou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of severe headache or migraine and the association between dietary thiamine and riboflavin intake with headache history using a large, nationally representative population sample.BackgroundSevere headache and migraine are common and disabling neurological disorders worldwide. Previous studies revealed that the B vitamin group, as an important nutrient of diet, can reduce migraine disability.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of American adults surveyed in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004. Information on headache history was collected in the Miscellaneous Pain section of the Questionnaire Data. Dietary intake data of thiamine and riboflavin were obtained by 24‐h dietary recall interview.ResultsThe present study included 13,439 participants and indicated that 2745/13,439 (21.6%) adults (aged ≥20 years) experienced severe headache or migraine in the past 3 months. Dietary thiamine intake was significantly inversely associated with severe headache or migraine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.88–1.00, p = 0.046). In the stratified analysis, the relationship was maintained in the female group (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82–0.98, p = 0.022), and the sex interaction term was significant (p = 0.020). However, no significant interaction was found between the age groups (p = 0.352). For dietary riboflavin, no significant negative association was observed between dietary riboflavin intake and headache history (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.94–1.02, p = 0.367). After stratifying by sex or age, there remained no significant relationship between dietary riboflavin and migraine.ConclusionsWe found that high intake of thiamine was significantly associated with lower odds of migraine, especially in females. In the future, more clinical studies are needed to confirm our conclusions, and additional experiments are needed to explore the possible mechanisms of prevention and treatment for migraine.
WHAT'S IN A NAME? PAST POSSIBILITIES AND THE CHALLENGES OF HISTORICIZING COUNTERFACTUAL HISTORY
Authors: Rosenfeld Gavriel D. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTAs wondering “what if?” about the past has become increasingly prominent in Western life, scholars have sought to historicize the phenomenon. The latest attempt to do so is Quentin Deluermoz and Pierre Singaravélou's A Past of Possibilities: A History of What Could Have Been. A stimulating, if somewhat meandering, book of essayistic reflections on historical speculation, A Past of Possibilities highlights the challenges of, and continuing opportunities for, historicizing the field that today is called “counterfactual history.” Ever since the mid‐nineteenth century, historians have recognized the presence of “what‐ifs” in historical scholarship, but they have disagreed about what to call them. For over a century, they have embraced a bewildering array of phrases, including “imaginary history,” “hypothetical history,” “subjunctive history,” “conjectural history,” “conditional history,” “probable history,” “iffy history,” “alternate history,” “allohistory,” “uchronia,” “historical might‐have‐beens,” and “historical ifs.” Deluermoz and Singaravélou continue this tradition by employing many different terms for historical counterfactuals in their effort to explain their increasing prominence. This conceptual pluralism, which is rooted in an interdisciplinary methodology, enables the authors to arrive at important insights about the field of counterfactual history. However, it also prevents them from generating a systematic argument that builds toward a larger conclusion. A Past of Possibilities is thus an important study that nevertheless highlights the need for further research.
Exploring the patterns in political consumption: A review and identification of future research agenda
Authors: Chow Dawn Yi Lin , (Grace) Oh Ga‐Eun , Anand Amitabh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOf late, political consumption (PC) has gained currency within the marketing and management literature, however, due to its cross‐disciplinary nature, it is also one of its more fragmented concepts. Based on a theme‐based structured systematic review of the literature, we adopt a wide conceptualization of the term and examine prior used methods and research themes. We offer several important contributions. First, we present the current state of PC literature, and show that the emergent literature streams on the concept have moved on from consideration of political consumption, and more toward consumer political polarization. In particular, research has coalesced around a motivated socio‐cognitive perspective of consumer political ideology. Second, we provide a comprehensive framework that links antecedents, processes and outcomes. Last, we discuss directions for a deeper research agenda on PC, and propose future research themes.
The effect of cryotherapy on oral mucositis management in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sezgin Merve Gözde , Bektas Hicran , Özer Zeynep 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the effect of cryotherapy on oral mucositis management in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation.BackgroundOral mucositis is among the most common symptoms of stem cell transplantation. Cryotherapy may be an important treatment option in the oral mucositis process.DesignA systematic review.Data SourcesA literature review of studies published in the English language was conducted on Web of Science, Springer Link, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid, EBSCOhost/CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE databases until April 2022. The studies reviewed covered the years between 2006 and 2020. The data were summarized narratively.Review MethodsThis systematic review was organized in accordance with the Cochrane 2022 guidelines and reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses.ResultsNine studies were included in the systematic review. No significant publication bias was found in the main results. The results showed that the cryotherapy intervention had a positive effect on oral mucositis in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation.ConclusionsIn this systematic review of nine randomized controlled trials, the majority of the studies show that cryotherapy intervention can be an effective method for reducing oral mucositis in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation.
A quartered typology of welfare attitudes: Evidence from the World Values Survey Wave 7
Authors: Peng Lujie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on a typological approach and data from the World Values Survey Wave 7 and utilising the comparative method of variation‐finding and a multi‐level mixed‐effects model, this study formulated a quartered typology of welfare attitudes on the country level informed by people's attitudes towards government responsibility for social welfare (welfare attitudes) and their associations with socio‐political orientation. This typology substantiated the cross‐national variations in welfare attitudes. Outcome measures included Welfare Attitudes Score, and explanatory measures included subjective social class and political orientation score. This study concludes that country‐specific welfare attitudes and their associations with political orientation inform an empirically quartered typology of welfare attitudes. Implications feature closer examinations of within‐country variances of welfare attitudes and the correlations of country‐specific intercepts and coefficients and highlight further theoretical and conceptual examination and substantiation of this new typology of welfare attitudes.
An examination of gender difference in advancement and salary for Marriage and Family Therapy faculty members working in public universities
Authors: Edwards Lindsay L. , Leone Rosemary A. , Culver Kevin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEvidence for inequitable advancement and salary disparity for women in academia is compelling, but only a marginal amount of research has explored this in the field of Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) specifically. Current research provides preliminary evidence that women remain underrepresented at the Full Professor rank and are paid less than men MFT faculty. This study collected publicly available data for MFT faculty in public universities to explore gender differences in advancement between ranks, salary disparity, and the representation of women and men in the highest and lowest paying niches of MFT academia. Results showed that, despite being 60.15% of MFTs in public universities, women were paid an average of $5596.25 less than men. Men were 1.40 times more likely than women to be promoted to Full Professor on time—within 13 years of their terminal degree. Implications for addressing inequitable advancement and salary disparity for women MFT faculty are discussed.
Concomitant use of radiofrequency and high intensity focused electromagnetic field energies for full‐body remodeling: MRI evidence‐based prefatory trial
Authors: Katz Bruce 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency and HIFEM have been used as standalone modalities in body contouring. The novel device allows their synchronous emission simultaneously in a single applicator.ObjectivesThis prelusive trial aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of such treatment when used on multiple body parts on the same day for a full‐body remodeling.MethodsThree female subjects (21.0 ± 2.0 years) underwent 4 treatment sessions. The treatment was applied to the abdomen, saddlebags, inner thighs, and buttocks, during each visit, lasting 30 min for each site. The outcomes were assessed through examination of MRI images acquired at baseline and 3 months post‐treatment. Fat and muscle thickness were measured at predefined locations. Weight and waist, hip, and thigh circumference records along with digital photographs were also taken.ResultsFat thickness measurement showed a reduction of 17.57 ± 3.22 mm in the saddlebag region, 12.43 ± 1.93 mm in inner thighs, and 10.65 ± 1.26 mm in the abdomen. The fat in the buttock region showed negligible changes. The muscle thickness increased on average by 2.98 ± 0.60 mm for rectus abdominis and 7.42 ± 1.56 mm for gluteus maximus. The circumferential reduction was also observed on the waist (7.83 ± 2.25 cm), at the level of outer thighs (2.83 ± 1.53 cm), and inner thighs (3.58 ± 1.84 cm). Digital photographs showed noticeable improvement in the overall body appearance. The treatments were safe, and no side effects were noted.ConclusionThe preliminary outcomes indicate that the procedure delivering HIFEM and RF simultaneously on multiple body areas on the same day could be an effective and comfortable treatment for fat reduction on multiple body parts, thickening of underlying muscles, and overall improved aesthetic appearance.
Retrospective analysis of the use of tranexamic acid in critically ill dogs and cats (2018–2019): 266 dogs and 28 cats
Authors: Kelley Morgan , Sinnott‐Stutzman Virginia , Whelan Megan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the signalment, dosing, adverse events, and patient diagnosis for dogs and cats admitted to the critical care unit (CCU) receiving tranexamic acid (TXA).DesignCase series from 2018 to 2019.SettingPrivate referral and primary care veterinary hospital.AnimalsTwo hundred and sixty‐six dogs and 28 cats.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsRecords of dogs and cats admitted to the CCU that received TXA were evaluated. A diagnosis was assigned to each patient based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases system. “Neoplasia” ([most frequently] hemangiosarcoma) (89/226 [39%]) and “diseases of the blood and blood forming organs” (idiopathic hemoabdomen, pericardial effusion) (78/226 [34%]) were the most common disease processes for which dogs received TXA. In cats, “diseases of the blood and blood forming organs” (idiopathic hemoabdomen) (9/28 [32%]), “neoplasia” (hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, carcinoma) (7/28 [25%]), and “injury, poisoning, or certain other consequences of external causes” (high‐rise syndrome) (5/28 [17%]) were most common. One hundred and forty‐eight dogs (65%) and 13 cats (46%) underwent an invasive procedure during hospitalization. Thirty percent (70/226) of dogs received a packed RBC (pRBC) transfusion. Administration of TXA before or after pRBC transfusion did not significantly affect median dose of pRBC administered (P = 0.808). The median IV dose of TXA was similar for dogs and cats at 10 mg/kg. One cat received a 10 times overdose of TXA and did not suffer any appreciable adverse effects. Adverse events were reported in 1.7% (4/226) of dogs including hypersalivation (3/226) and seizure (1/226) in a dog that received a cumulative dose of 280 mg/kg of TXA. Hypersalivation was the only adverse event reported in 3% (1/28) of cats.ConclusionTXA is primarily utilized in critically ill dogs and cats diagnosed with neoplasia, bleeding disorders, and trauma at this institution. Adverse events were infrequent and largely mild.
Ultrasonographic quantitative evaluation of acute and chronic renal disease using the renal cortical thickness to aorta ratio in dogs
Authors: Choo Donghyeok , Kim Sung‐Soo , Kwon Danbee , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe renal cortical thickness (RCT) has been correlated with renal function. Previous studies have also reported that the RCT:Abdominal aorta(Ao) ratio is constant in normal dogs with various physical factors. This multi‐center, retrospective, analytical study aimed to determine if there are differences between actual RCT and predicted value of RCT considering physical factors in dogs with acute or chronic renal disease. We also aimed to demonstrate whether the RCT and Ao ratio index would be useful for evaluating renal pathology. A total of 54 dogs with acute or chronic renal disease and 30 normal healthy dogs were included in this study. The RCT was measured at the center of the renal pyramid as the shortest distance perpendicular to the renal capsule from the base of the renal medullary pyramid at three points. The diameter of the Ao was measured just caudal to the branch of the left renal artery in the sagittal plane in systole. The RCT:Ao ratio of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients was 0.50 ± 0.11 (mean ± standard deviation). The RCT:Ao ratio in normal dogs was 0.67 ± 0.07. The RCT:Ao ratio in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) was 0.83 ± 0.05. There was a statistically significant difference between normal dogs and dogs with CKD (P < 0.001) and between normal dogs and dogs with AKI (P < 0.001). In conclusion, findings from the current study supported using the RCT:Ao ratio as a non‐invasive quantitative method for characterizing kidney pathology in dogs with acute or chronic renal disease.
The dynamic interplay of PIP2 and ATP in the regulation of the KATP channel
Authors: Pipatpolkai Tanadet , Usher Samuel G. , Vedovato Natascia , Ashcroft Frances M. , Stansfeld Phillip J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple the intracellular ATP concentration to insulin secretion. KATP channel activity is inhibited by ATP binding to the Kir6.2 tetramer and activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2). Here, we use molecular dynamics simulation, electrophysiology and fluorescence spectroscopy to show that ATP and PIP2 occupy different binding pockets that share a single amino acid residue, K39. When both ligands are present, simulations suggest that K39 shows a greater preference to co‐ordinate with PIP2 than with ATP. They also predict that a neonatal diabetes mutation at K39 (K39R) increases the number of hydrogen bonds formed between K39 and PIP2, potentially accounting for the reduced ATP inhibition observed in electrophysiological experiments. Our work suggests that PIP2 and ATP interact allosterically to regulate KATP channel activity.
imageKey points
The KATP channel is activated by the binding of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) lipids and inactivated by the binding of ATP.
K39 has the potential to bind to both PIP2 and ATP. A mutation to this residue (K39R) results in neonatal diabetes.
This study uses patch‐clamp fluorometry, electrophysiology and molecular dynamics simulation.
We show that PIP2 competes with ATP for K39, and this reduces channel inhibition by ATP.
We show that K39R increases channel affinity to PIP2 by increasing the number of hydrogen bonds with PIP2, when compared with the wild‐type K39. This therefore decreases KATP channel inhibition by ATP.
Thoracoscopic-assisted rib plating (TARP): initial single-center case series, including TARP in the super elderly, technical lessons learned, and proposed expanded indications
Authors: Zhang Gary , Shurtleff Eric , Falank Carolyne , Cullinane Daniel , Carter Damien , Sheppard Forest 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe application of surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) remains inconsistent due to evolving indications and perceived associated morbidity. By implementing thoracoscopic-assisted rib plating (TARP), a minimally invasive SSRF approach, we expanded our SSRF application to patients who otherwise might not be offered fixation. This report presents our initial experience, including fixation in super elderly (aged ≥85 years), and technical lessons learned.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study at a level 1 trauma center of admitted patients who underwent TARP between August 2019 and October 2020. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, surgical indications and outcomes are represented as mean±SD, median or percentage.ResultsA total of 2134 patients with rib fractures were admitted. In this group, 39 SSRF procedures were performed, of which 54% (n=21) were TARP. Average age was 68.5±16 years. Patients had a median of 5 fractured ribs, with an average of 1 rib that was bicortically displaced, and 19% presented with ‘clicking’ on inspiration. Patient outcomes were a mean hospital length of stay (LOS) of 11±3.7 days, mean postoperative LOS of 8 days, and mean intensive care unit LOS of 6.6±2.9 days. Five patients were ≥85 years old with a mean age of 90.8±4.7 years. They presented with an average of 4 rib fractures, of which an average of 2.4 ribs were plated. The procedure was well tolerated in this age group with a hospital LOS of 9.4±2 days, and all five patients were discharged to a rehab facility with no in-hospital mortalities.ConclusionOur experience incorporating TARP at our institution demonstrated feasibility of the technique and application across a broad range of patients. This approach and its application warrants further evaluation and potentially expands the application of SSRF..