bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting help as a depressed dad: A lived experience narrative of paternal postnatal depression, with considerations for healthcare practice
Authors: Davenport Caroline Jane , Swami Viren 
Published: June 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known about the subject?

A significant proportion of fathers report experiencing depression after their baby is born

Fathers are not offered regular support for their psychological well‐being in the transition to parenthood despite an acknowledged need for such support

What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

Lived experience provides new insight into how one father experienced postnatal depression, including the role of his partner in help‐seeking

It explains the delayed presentation in help‐seeking as resulting from healthcare practitioner language and attitudes, and gendered expectations around mental health and help‐seeking in the context of fatherhood

What are the implications for mental health nursing?

Mental health nurses should be aware that postnatal depression can affect fathers as well as mothers, and that it is necessary to support fathers in safe spaces and with appropriate language

Planning care for depression in men should consider the recent birth of a child in order to provide effective care

Clearer guidance is needed for supporting new fathers with postnatal depression

AbstractIntroductionFathers are not universally supported with their perinatal mental health, but evidence shows that they suffer at a similar level to mothers.AimThis paper examines the journey of one father through his PND experience, his help seeking, and encounters in healthcare, in order to highlight the needs of a depressed father.MethodThe method is a father's lived experience narrative which has been written alongside a health visitor who highlights the relevance of the condition to healthcare practice.Results & DiscussionThe needs of fathers are unmet. They require support which considers their gender role expectations. Partners are key to their help seeking.Implications for practiceThe language and sensitivity used by nurses is key to encouraging fathers to share their depression and reduce stigma around the condition.
Expression of key genes involved in lipid deposition in intramuscular adipocytes of sheep under high glucose conditions
Authors: Yan Wei , Kan Xiangdong , Wang Yutao , Zhang Yonghao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe intramuscular fat (IMF) content in sheep is associated with IMF deposition, which is affected by intramuscular adipocyte hypertrophy. In this study, we established an in vitro high glucose model of intramuscular adipocytes of sheep to investigate the expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) gene, fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene, lipid metabolism‐associated genes (acetyl‐CoA carboxylase [ACC], fatty acid synthase [FAS], and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 [SCD1]), and transcription factors (liver X receptor [LXRα]), sterol regulatory element‐binding transcription factor 1 [SREBF‐1], and carbohydrate‐responsive element‐binding protein [ChREBP]) as well as the changes in the lipid and triglyceride (TG) levels in intramuscular adipocytes. The results showed that the differentiated mature adipocytes had a spherical shape, and the number and volume of the lipid droplets gradually increased over time under high glucose conditions. The lipid and TG levels in intramuscular adipocytes of sheep continuously increased under high glucose conditions. Furthermore, CB1, FABP4, ACC, FAS, SCD1, LXRα, SREBF‐1, and ChREBP were highly expressed under high glucose conditions, suggesting that the energetic nutrients also affect the expression of the CB1 gene, which works in coordination with lipid metabolism‐associated genes and are beneficial for lipid deposition in the intramuscular adipocytes of sheep.
Optimal contract arrangements for conservation on working forests
Authors: Sun Changyou , Mei Bin , Li Yanshu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForestland can be managed for timber and environmental goods simultaneously. A conservation contract allows a government agency to pay a landowner for the portion of property rights encumbered in the production of environmental goods. In this study, a theoretical model is developed to examine optimal contract provisions for carbon sequestration on working forests under a budget constraint for the agency. The analyses reveal that a landowner requires a higher payment if more property rights are encumbered in a conservation contract. A landowner whose land can sequester more carbon also requires a more favorable contract arrangement. Assuming a logistic growth path for carbon sequestration, the agency under a budget constraint tends to have a shallower relationship with more landowners, that is, encumbering a smaller portion of property rights from more landowners. This tendency supports the use of conservation contracts with a shorter term and a higher enrollment share in a forest community.
Which factors were behind Germany's labour market upswing? A data‐driven approach*
Authors: Hutter Christian , Carbonero Francesco , Klinger Sabine , Trenkler Carsten , Weber Enzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGermany has experienced a strong and sustained labour market upswing since the mid‐2000s. While various studies have highlighted different specific reasons for this development, this study contributes to the debate by simultaneously considering a broad set of candidate factors for the upswing in a unified methodological framework and systematically weighing them against each other on an empirical basis. We develop a structural macroeconometric framework that leaves as many of the systematic interlinkages as possible for empirical determination while operating with a minimal set of restrictions in order to identify economically meaningful shocks. For this purpose, we combine short‐ and long‐run restrictions based on established assumptions on labour force development, technological change, and search and matching in the labour market. Matching efficiency, the intensity of job creation, the growing labour force, and the declining propensity to separate explain most of the German labour market upswing.
Local strain distribution imaging using terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy
Authors: Reig Buades Luis M. , Karmarkar Sushrut , Dhiman Abhijeet , Tomar Vikas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) was applied to monitor strain distribution as a function of mechanical loading through a passive composite sensor. The composite sensor was made up of strontium titanate (STO) particles. Strain distribution was measured by analysing the change in THz pulse amplitude while it passes through the composite sensor. The change in THz pulse amplitude is related to change in dielectric permittivity. The change in dielectric permittivity induced in the STO composite layer due to deformation leads to a change in the time of arrival (ToA) of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) in THz band. This change in the sub‐millimetre domain is correlated to the strain and can be mapped for reproducing strain distribution around different geometries. The measurements of strain mapping are compared with finite element simulations and digital image correlation (DIC) measurements, showing similar strain contours.
Estimation for Predictive Control and Human-in-the-Loop Operation of Rotary Steerable Systems
Authors: Keller Alexander Mathew , Pho Vy , Demirer Nazli , Darbe Robert , Chen Dongmei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Accessing difficult to reach hydrocarbon reservoirs while simultaneously reducing risk and increasing efficiency demonstrates a need for improved autonomous directional control of rotary steerable systems (RSS). The inherently uncertain drilling environment presents a challenge for control algorithms and human operators alike, where model mismatch can be significant and the parameters are time varying. Parameter estimation can improve the performance of steering controllers through model adaptation as well as provide valuable information to human operators. This paper proposes the use of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to estimate time-varying model parameters in real-time using only measurements commonly obtained while drilling. The proposed method is evaluated on historical field data and its accuracy is quantified by prediction accuracy to achieve a mean absolute error of 0.68 deg over 30 m. Next, the proposed method is used to adapt the model of a model predictive controller (MPC) and its performance is compared with a static MPC in closed-loop simulation of a prototypical drilling scenario. The estimator reduces tracking error of the MPC by 93.36% and produces a higher quality borehole. Finally, the utility of estimation for human-in-the-loop operation is explored through the design of an early warning system (EWS). The posterior distribution produced by MCMC is utilized in the EWS to predict the probability of undesirable future trajectories. By providing automatic alerts, the EWS serves as a safety mechanism that enhances operators' proficiency when monitoring several autonomously drilled wells.
Analytical Solution for Laminar Water Hammer With Frequency-Dependent Friction
Authors: Brühl Martin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An analytic solution for the classical water hammer problem for unsteady laminar pipe flow involving Zielke's frequency-dependent friction model is derived. By means of separation of variables, the solution of the initial boundary value problem is compiled in the form of an infinite series representing its modal expansion. In this way, solving the damped wave equation reduces to root-finding of scalar algebraic equations for the complex eigenfrequencies. An analysis of this dispersion relation underlines the frequency-dependent nature of the solution in comparison with less sophisticated friction models.
Complications of cerebral air embolism associated with pleural lavage for empyema
Authors: Ishihara Toru , Sato Shota , Manabe Saki , Ozawa Hideki 
Published: June 2022

Standard initial treatment for acute empyema involves antibiotic administration and chest tube drainage; however, pleural lavage with saline is another treatment that mitigates the need for surgical drainage. Although this treatment is recognised as non-invasive and safe, the complications of cerebral air embolism are less recognised.In this case, a man in his late 40s was diagnosed with acute empyema and treated with chest tube (28 Fr) drainage and antibiotics. Empyema remained on follow-up chest imaging; thus intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (urokinase 120 000 units/day for a total of 3 days) and pleural lavage (0.9% saline 1000 mL/day daily) were administered. During the 10th pleural lavage, the patient suddenly became unconscious. Head imaging revealed a cerebral air embolism. Consequently, he received urgent hyperbaric oxygen therapy and improved without any neurological sequelae.Clinicians should be aware of the complications of sudden cerebral air embolism due to pleural lavage for empyema.
Double-blinded randomised placebo controlled trial of enterosgel (polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate) for the treatment of IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D)
Authors: Howell Carol Angela , Kemppinen Anu , Allgar Victoria , Dodd Matthew , Knowles Charles H , McLaughlin John , Pandya Preeti , Whorwell Peter , Markaryan Elena , Yiannakou Yan 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveIrritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) is a common and challenging condition that significantly reduces quality of life. Enterosgel (polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate) is an intestinal adsorbent which sequesters harmful molecules and is safe and effective in acute infective diarrhoea. This randomised controlled multicentre trial aimed to investigate its safety and efficacy in patients with IBS-D.DesignAfter a 2-week screening phase, participants were randomised into an 8-week double-blind phase, followed by an 8-week open-label and follow-up phase. Participants recorded stool consistency, pain and global symptoms in e-diaries and questionnaires. The primary outcome was the percentage of responders on a composite abdominal pain (≥30% decrease in the weekly score) and stool consistency (50% reduction in days per week with at least one stool of BSFS type 6 or 7) score during at least 4 weeks of the treatment period.Results440 patients with IBS-D were randomised to the double-blind phase with 393 continuing to the open-label phase. The Primary outcome responder rate by intention-to-treat for enterosgel versus placebo was 37.4% vs 24.3% (OR 1.95, NNT 8, p=0.002). Enterosgel also improved stool consistency (48.5% vs 32.5%, p<0.0001) abdominal pain (53.3% vs 40.2%, p=0.003), stool frequency (treatment effect −0.32 (−0.62 to −0.02)) and urgency (treatment effect −0.59 (−0.85 to −0.33)). 60% of patients reported adequate relief of symptoms after open-label treatment. Adverse event frequency was similar in both groups, with no serious events attributable to enterosgel.ConclusionEnterosgel is safe and effective in IBS-D, providing an alternative to the limited current treatment options.Trial registration numberISRCTN17149988.
Tramadol prescribed at discharge is associated with lower odds of chronic opioid use after elective total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Kiani Sara , Poeran Jashvant , Zhong Haoyan , Wilson Lauren A , Poultsides Lazaros , Liu Jiabin , Memtsoudis Stavros G 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionWe aimed to study the association between tramadol prescribed at discharge (after elective total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) surgery) and chronic opioid use postoperatively.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study queried the Truven MarketScan database and identified patients who underwent an elective THA/TKA surgery between 2016 and 2018 and were prescribed opioids at discharge (n=81 049). Multivariable analysis was conducted to study the association between tramadol prescription at discharge and chronic opioid use, with additional analysis adjusting for the amount of opioids prescribed in oral morphine equivalents. Chronic opioid use was defined as filling ≥10 opioid prescriptions or prescriptions for ≥120 pills within the period from 90 days to 1 year after surgery.ResultsOverall, tramadol was prescribed at discharge in 11.0% of all THA/TKA cases. Of those, 26.9% and 73.1% received tramadol only or tramadol with another opioid, respectively. Chronic opioid use was observed in 5.4% of cases. After adjustment for relevant covariates, prescription of tramadol combined with another opioid at discharge was associated with lower odds of chronic opioid use comparing to prescription of other opioids (OR 0.69 CI 0.61 to 0.78).DiscussionAmong patients undergoing elective THA/TKA surgery and discharged with a prescription of opioids, we found that prescription of tramadol combined with another opioid was associated with lower odds of chronic opioid use. This finding must be considered in the context of the tramadol’s pharmacology, as well-described genetic differences in metabolism that can make it ineffective in many patients, while for patients with ultrarapid metabolism can cause drug–drug interactions and adverse events, including feelings of high and seizures.
The vulnerability of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) to the invasive European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a large peri-Alpine lake
Authors: Vagnon Chloé , Cattanéo Franck , Goulon Chloé , Guillard Jean , Frossard Victor 
Published: June 2022

The whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus) is a core exploited species in numerous fisheries and the invasion of the European catfish ( Silurus glanis) in peri-Alpine lakes may represent an emergent threat to this salmonid. We aimed to assess the whitefish vulnerability to catfish in a French peri-Alpine lake (Lake Bourget) by combining diet analyses (metabarcoding), trophic link inferences from an allometric niche model (aNM), and the development of a predation risk metric derived from species depth matching and catfish energy demand. Whitefish DNA was found in 7% of catfish intestines, indicating a low but effective consumption. The aNM suggested that catfish (considering the current population size structure) may predate all whitefish life stages; though young-of-the-year (0+, 5–20 cm) may be the most exposed to predation. 0+ had higher depth matching with catfish than other life stages, especially in summer when the catfish exhibit their highest energy demand, leading to an overall higher predation risk. Our results highlighted the effective consumption of C. lavaretus by S. glanis and its time and age-varying vulnerability, suggesting that S. glanis may represent a new growing threat to this salmonid in a global change context.
Tidal forces around Schwarzschild black hole in cloud of strings and quintessence
Authors: Uniyal Rashmi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the tidal forces and their effect in Schwarzschild black hole surrounded with clouds of strings and quintessence. Two horizons are present for this black hole and the event horizon shrinks on increasing the values of both, the string cloud and quintessence parameters. Tidal forces in radial as well as angular directions are independent of string cloud parameter a. Geodesic deviation equations are devised and solved for this BH metric. For numerical representation of the solutions of geodesic deviation equations two different initial conditions have been applied. Results are compared with that of Schwarzschild black hole metric.
Normative reference values and regression equations to predict the 6-minute walk distance in the Asian adult population aged 21–80 years
Authors: Yeung Meredith T. , Chan Melissa Y. , Huang Katherin S. , Chen Tian Jie , Chia Cyprian P. , Fong Meihiko M. , Ho Cherilyn S. , Koh Derek T. , Neo Mitchell J. , Tan Mark 
Published: June 2022

Summary at a glance: The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a widely used field walking test. This study reports the normative reference values (NRV) of distance walked during 6MWT (6MWD) in healthy Singaporeans (aged 21–80) and updates the 6MWD reference equations. This information may facilitate the interpretation of the 6MWD in clinical populations. Ethics approval: The Singapore Institute of Technology-Institutional Review Board (SIT-IRB Project Number: 2019099) approved this study to be carried out from June 2019 to January 2021. All participants gave written informed consent before data collection began. Background: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a widely adopted submaximal field-walking test to evaluate functional exercise capacity. This validated test is a reliable, safe, inexpensive, and straightforward assessment tool commonly used as an outcome measure, using the distance walked (6MWD) as the primary outcome. An earlier study has established the normative reference values (NRV) and equation in healthy Singaporeans — however, the small sample size and narrow age range curb adequate representation of the adult population profile. Objectives: This study aims to update the NRV and reference equations to predict the distance walked during 6MWT (6MWD) for healthy Singaporeans aged 21–80. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited community-dwelling healthy subjects aged 21–80 via convenience sampling. Each subject completed two trials of 6MWT according to the standard protocol. Primary outcome measures included 6MWD, pre-and post-test heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation, and blood pressure (BP). Results: 172 healthy Singaporeans ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) participated. The overall mean 6MWD was [Formula: see text] metres. The age-stratified mean 6MWD ranged from [Formula: see text] metres (aged 21–39) to [Formula: see text] metres (aged 60–80). Age, gender, and percentage maximum HR predicted (%PredHRmax) were the most significant variables ([Formula: see text]). 6MWD reference [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] (HR reserve, bpm) [Formula: see text] (weight, kg), [Formula: see text]. Applying equations from other studies to the Singaporean population resulted in an overestimation of the 6MWD. Conclusion: This study updated the NRV and reference equations of 6MWD for healthy Singaporeans aged between 21–80 years. This update revises the local benchmarks of 6MWD in Singapore, a widely adopted outcome measure.
Cloud Droplet Nucleation Simulation and Parameterization
Authors: Sun Jiming , Zhang Jun , Deng Wei , Hu Wenhao , Wang Yongqing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cloud droplet nucleation is classically defined as a droplet growing to a size such that its ambient supersaturation exceeds its surface equilibrium water vapor pressure. Unactivated particles are always in equilibrium with the ambient vapor pressure. Further studies showed that such an equilibrium assumption leads to many more cloud droplets being nucleated due to neglecting kinetic growth limitations, including the inertial mechanism, evaporation mechanism, and deactivation mechanism. Moreover, the inertial mechanism results in great discrepancy between the actual size and the critical size of nucleation for large aerosol particles. These issues complicate cloud droplet nucleation parameterization for applications in cloud modeling. To establish a physically based nucleation scheme, we established a highly size-resolved Lagrangian parcel model. Vapor diffusion and heat conduction were calculated according to Maxwell theory, and the surface vapor density and temperature were explicitly simulated. The surface temperature variation of a droplet with its size was considered. The surface supersaturation of a droplet, taking into account the surface temperature variation, is different from its equilibrium supersaturation at its large sizes. The nucleation simulation showed that the inertial and deactivation mechanisms can impact droplet nucleation. Moreover, very large nuclei can trigger rain embryo formation in a short time period. Even though there are kinetic limitations, the classical equilibrium assumption can be applied to determine the primary nucleation number of cloud droplets. Meanwhile, a regression formula for the size of a nucleated droplet and its dry aerosol size was established.