bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Bone Contouring Technique Using Multiple Tangential Shaving for Conservative Management of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Park Hojin , Woo Soo Hyun , Choi Jong Woo 
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to propose a novel surgical technique, named multiple tangential shaving of bone contour, for the conservative management of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. We retrospectively reviewed 17 patients who underwent conservative management of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia using multiple tangential shaving technique between July 2005 and December 2020. Demographics, tumor characteristics, and surgery-related factors were investigated. All patients underwent preoperative (T0) and postoperative computed tomography scans taken at least twice within 1 month for immediate assessment (T1) and at least 12 months postoperatively for long-term assessment (T2). Clinical outcomes, including tumor recurrence, perioperative complications, and physician measure of esthetic outcomes (Whitaker score), were investigated. This technique was applied for contouring of the zygomatic-maxillary and calvarial bone for patients aged between 16 and 60 years (mean age: 26 y). The mean±SD tumor volume reduction was 15.5±8.95 cm3, and the postoperative mean±SD tumor growth rate was 5.52±6.26% per year. Satisfactory outcome was obtained in terms of esthetics with a mean±SD Whitaker score of 1.41±0.62. Patients required a mean operation time of 1.67±0.43 hours and a mean number of shaving operations of 1.35±0.61 during the follow-up period. Five of 17 patients required reoperation because of the tumor recurrence (N=4) and to correct new-onset diplopia after surgery (N=1). In conclusion, the multiple tangential shaving technique allows an easy approach for conservative management of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. An acceptable rate of tumor recurrence and esthetic outcomes can be obtained by selecting the appropriate candidate for a conservative approach.
Perceptions and Experiences of Privacy Among Persons With an Ostomy Receiving Treatment and Care
Authors: Akyüz Elif , Erdemir Firdevs , Uğurlu Ziyafet , Üstündağ Çiğdem 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to determine ostomy patients' experiences and opinions on protection of privacy during treatment and care.

DESIGN:
Mixed-methods, descriptive correlational study.

SAMPLE AND SETTING:
The study sample comprised 80 patients with an ostomy receiving treatment and care in a university hospital in Turkey.

METHODS:
Data were collected using a form developed by the researchers based on literature review. The survey consisted of statements that examined demographic characteristics, experiences, and opinions of patients with an ostomy.

RESULTS:
For participants, 64.8% (n = 35/54) defined privacy from a physical dimension, 64.1% (n = 25/39) suffered from ostomy-related psychosocial discomfort, 48.7% experienced ostomy-related discomfort mostly during nursing care (n = 19/39), 48.7% (n = 39/80) were uncomfortable when their ostomy was seen by others, Approximately 56.3% (n = 45/80) thought that they disturbed other patients and their families during ostomy care, and 46.3% (n = 37/80) stated that healthcare professionals discussed information about their ostomy when other patients and their families were present. In addition, 21.3% (n = 17/80) opined that the physical conditions of patient rooms failed to provide privacy. Analysis revealed no significant relationship between education levels and reading the Patient Rights Regulation (P = .129). Analysis also found no significant relationships between age (P = .086), marital status (P = .382), educational background (P = .143), hospitalization experience (P = .427), and satisfaction with perceptions of privacy when receiving ostomy care.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with an ostomy reported physical and psychosocial problems concerning privacy, felt uncomfortable about the way information on their ostomy was discussed, and thought that physical conditions were not suitable for ostomy care. We recommend that healthcare professionals be provided with more training on psychosocial problems and privacy for patients with ostomy and that institutional policies and procedures be developed to address patients' problems.
Evaluation of Treatment Differences Between Men and Women Undergoing Ventral Hernia Repair: An Analysis of the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative
Authors: Polcz Monica E , Olson Molly A , Bradley Joel , Broucek Joseph , Duke Meredith C , Prabhu Ajita , Rosen Samantha , Sedrakyan Art , Poulose Benjamin K , Pierce Richard A ,   for the Vanderbilt Hernia Center Research Group
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Sex is emerging as an important clinical variable associated with surgical outcomes and decision making. However, its relevance in regard to baseline and treatment differences in primary and incisional ventral hernia repair remains unclear.

STUDY DESIGN:
This is a retrospective cohort study using the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative database to identify elective umbilical, epigastric, or incisional hernia repairs. Propensity matching was performed to investigate confounder-adjusted treatment differences between men and women. Treatments of interest included surgical approach (minimally invasive or open), mesh use, mesh type, mesh position, anesthesia type, myofascial release, fascial closure, and fixation use.

RESULTS:
A total of 8,489 umbilical, 1,801 epigastric, and 16,626 incisional hernia repairs were identified. Women undergoing primary ventral hernia repair were younger (umbilical 46.4 vs 54 years, epigastric 48.7 vs 52.7 years), with lower BMI (umbilical 30.4 vs 31.5, epigastric 29.2 vs 31.1), and less likely diabetic (umbilical 9.9% vs 11.4%, epigastric 6.8% vs 8.8%). Women undergoing incisional hernia repair were also younger (mean 57.5 vs 59.1 years), but with higher BMI (33.1 vs 31.5), and more likely diabetic (21.4% vs 19.1%). Propensity-matched analysis included 3,644 umbilical, 1,232 epigastric, and 12,480 incisional hernias. Women with incisional hernia were less likely to undergo an open repair (60.2% vs 63.4%, p < 0.001) and have mesh used (93.8% vs 94.8%, p = 0.02). In umbilical and incisional hernia repairs, women had higher rates of intraperitoneal mesh placement and men had higher rates of preperitoneal and retro-muscular mesh placement.

CONCLUSIONS:
Small but statistically significant treatment differences in operative approach, mesh use, and mesh position exist between men and women undergoing ventral hernia repair. It remains unknown whether these treatment differences result in differing clinical outcomes.
Assessing the Impacts of COVID-19 and Social Isolation on Mental Health in the United States of America
Authors: Fulk Alexander , Saenz-Escarcega Raul , Kobayashi Hiroko , Maposa Innocent , Agusto Folashade 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world at large with over 500 million cases and over 6 million deaths reported thus far. Of those, over 85 million cases and 1 million deaths have occurred in the United States of America. The mental health of the general population has been impacted by several aspects of the pandemic including lockdowns, media sensationalism, social isolation, and spread of the disease. In this paper, we examine the effect that social isolation and COVID-19 infection and related death had on the prevalence of anxiety and depression in the general population of the USA in a state-by-state multiple time-series analysis. Vector Error Correction Models are estimated and we subsequently evaluated the coefficients of the estimated models and calculated their impulse response functions for further interpretation. We found that variables related to COVID-19 overall led to increase in both anxiety and depression across the studied period, while variables related to social isolation had a varied effect depending on the state being considered.
SDG5 ‘Gender Equality’ and the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid assessment of health system responses in selected upper-middle and high-income countries
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen , Lotta Gabriela , Fernandez Michelle , Herten-Crabb Asha , Fehr Leonie Mac , Maple Jaimie-Lee , Paina Ligia , Wenham Clare , Willis Karen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare and societies, exacerbating existing inequalities for women and girls across every sphere. Our study explores health system responses to gender equality goals during the COVID-19 pandemic and inclusion in future policies. We apply a qualitative comparative approach, drawing on secondary sources and expert information; material was collected from March to July 2022. Australia, Brazil, Germany, the United Kingdom and USA were selected, reflecting upper-middle and high-income countries with established public health and gender policies but different types of healthcare systems and epidemiological and geo-political conditions. Three sub-goals of SDG 5 were analysed: maternity care and reproductive health, gender-based violence, and gender equality and women’s leadership. We found similar trends across countries. Pandemic policies strongly cut into women’s health, constrained prevention and support services and weakened reproductive rights, while essential maternity care services were kept open. Intersecting gender inequalities were reinforced, sexual violence increased and women’s leadership was weak. All healthcare systems failed to protect women’s health and essential public health targets. Yet there were relevant differences in the responses to increased violence and reproductive rights, ranging from some support measures in Australia to an abortion ban in the US. Our study highlights a need for revising pandemic policies through a feminist lens.
Development and Validation of the Cannabis Exposure in Pregnancy Tool (CEPT)
Authors: Chaput Kathleen H. , McMorris Carly A. , Metcalfe Amy , Ringham Catherine , Wood Stephen , McNeil Deborah , Konschuh Shaelen , Sycuro Laura , McDonald Sheila W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEvidence of associations between prenatal cannabis use (PCU) and maternal and infant health outcomes remains conflicting amid broad legalization of cannabis across Canada and 40 American states. A critical limitation of existing evidence lies in the non-standardized and crude measurement of PCU, resulting in high risk of misclassification bias. We developed a standardized tool to comprehensively measure prenatal cannabis use in pregnant populations for research purposes.MethodsWe conducted a patient-oriented tool development and validation study using a bias-minimizing process. Following an environmental scan and critical appraisal of existing prenatal substance use tools, we recruited pregnant participants via targeted social media advertising and obstetric clinics in Alberta, Canada. We conducted individual in-depth interviews and cognitive interviewing in separate sub-samples, to develop and refine our tool. We assessed convergent and discriminant validity internal consistency and 3-month test-retest reliability, and validated the tool externally against urine THC bioassay.Results254 pregnant women participated. The 9-item Cannabis Exposure in Pregnancy Tool (CEPT) had excellent discriminant (Cohen’s kappa=-0.27-0.15) and convergent (Cohen’s kappa=0.72-1.0) validity; as well as high internal consistency (Chronbach’s alpha = 0.92), and very good test-retest reliability (weighted Kappa=0.92, 95% C.I. [0.86-0.97]). The CEPT is valid against urine THC bioassay (sensitivity=100%, specificity=77%).InterpretationThe CEPT is a novel, valid and reliable measure of frequency, timing, dose, and mode of PCU, in a contemporary sample of pregnant women. Using CEPT (compared to non-standardized tools) can improve measurement accuracy, and thus the quality of PCU and maternal and child health research.
Work-Related Injuries in the Australian Education Sector: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Al Afreed Fatimah M , Lane Tyler J , Gray Shannon E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionEducators are exposed to several work-related hazards. Evidence suggests musculoskeletal pain, psychological distress, and student-inflicted violence-related injuries are common. However, there is little evidence on the burden of workplace injury among Australian educators.AimTo compare incidence of injury claims and duration of compensated time off work between educators and non-educators, and associated factors.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 1,559,676 Australian workers’ compensation claims, including 84,915 educator claims, lodged between July 2009 to June 2015, from the National Dataset for Compensation-based Statistics. Cases were included if aged 18+ years and working in the education sector less than 100 hours per week. Negative binomial regression models estimated the relative risk of making a compensation claim and survival analyses calculated disability duration within educators by sex, age, injury type and mechanism, socioeconomic area, remoteness, and jurisdiction.ResultsCompared to non-educators, educators had lower rates of injury claims and shorter disability durations. However, educators had a higher rate of claims for mental health conditions and assault, with the highest risk being among those in special education and education aides. Among educators, injury claim rates were highest among special educators, education aides, and secondary educators.Discussion and ConclusionThough surveys indicate Australians in the education sector have higher incidences of work-related injuries, this study found lower incidence of injury claims and shorter disability durations than others. Educators’ injury-reporting and absenteeism behaviors may be constrained by ethical, social, and administrative attitudes. Educators had higher rates of claims for mental health and assault-related injury, particularly special educators, and education aides, which suggests a need for targeted prevention efforts.
Analysis of CNN features with multiple machine learning classifiers in diagnosis of monkeypox from digital skin images
Authors: Kumar Vidit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConcerns about public health have been heightened by the rapid spread of monkeypox to more than 90 countries. To contain the spread, AI assisted diagnosis system can play an important role. In this study, different deep CNN models with multiple machine learning classifiers are investigated for monkeypox disease diagnosis using skin images. For this, bottleneck features of three CNN models i.e. AlexNet, GoogleNet and Vgg16Net are exploited with multiple machine learning classifiers such as SVM, KNN, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree and Random Forest. Results shows that with Vgg16Net features, Naïve Bayes classifier gives highest accuracy of 91.11%.
Development of reference ranges of vital signs in UK children: comparison with international centiles
Authors: Taylor Nicky , Wark Petra A , Coad Jane , Prayle Andrew , Manning Joseph C. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren and Young People (CYP) with acute illness require routine assessment of their physiological observations. There is no agreement as to what the standard reference ranges of vital signs in children and young people are. Existing reference ranges of vital signs that are currently used in clinical practice are minimally supported by empirical evidence. They are also sometimes conflicting.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using 66356 admission episodes to analyze routinely collected age-specific respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure observations of CYP aged 0-19 years old at hospital discharge. Quantile regression with Restricted Cubic Splines was used to model age-specific centiles. These were then compared with standard reference ranges and literature.ResultsNew centile charts for vital signs are presented. Advanced Paediatric Life Support (APLS, 6th Ed.) reference ranges for respiratory rate and blood pressure poorly aligned to the centiles derived in this study although the centiles for heart rate align well. Variance was also demonstrated between the study centiles and those from the clinical papers, with the greatest differences seen in the upper centiles. Similarly, in comparison with APLS reference ranges, heart rate showed best alignment.ConclusionsThis is the first-time physiological observations of CYP in a UK Children’s hospital have been described and centile charts developed. Current widely used reference ranges especially those for Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate are not fit for purpose when evaluating whether the vital signs of a child are normal or otherwise.
The clinical pharmacology of tafenoquine in the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Watson James A , Commons Robert J , Tarning Joel , Simpson Julie A , Cuentas Alejandro Llanos , Lacerda Marcus VG , Green Justin A , Koh Gavin CKW , Chu Cindy S , H Nosten François , Price Ric N , Day Nicholas PJ , White Nicholas J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTafenoquine is a newly licensed antimalarial drug for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria. The mechanism of action and the optimal dosing - a balance between haemolytic risk and radical cure efficacy - are uncertain.MethodsWe pooled individual data from 1102 patients with acute vivax malaria and 72 healthy volunteers (all with >70% of the population median whole blood glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD] activity) who were studied in the pre-registration trials of tafenoquine. Plasma tafenoquine concentrations were analysed under a population pharmacokinetic model. A series of Bayesian logistic and Emax dose-response models were fitted to the primary outcome of any P. vivax recurrence within 4 months. Acute vomiting and haemolysis were secondary outcomes. The key exposure variables were: the mg/kg tafenoquine dose; pharmacokinetic summaries of parent compound exposure (AUC[0,∞), Cmax) and metabolism (terminal elimination half-life); and day 7 methaemoglobin concentration (%) as a measure of oxidative activity.ResultsTafenoquine dose (mg/kg) was a major determinant of recurrence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.70 per mg/kg increase, 95% credible interval [CI]: 0.65-0.75). After adjustment for dose, the tafenoquine terminal elimination half-life (OR: 1.15 per day increase, 95% CI: 1.06-1.25), and the day 7 methaemoglobin concentration (OR: 0.81 per absolute percentage point increase, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.99), but not the parent compound exposure, were also associated with recurrence. Under the Emax we estimate that the currently recommended 300mg dose in a 60kg adult (≈5mg/kg) results in approximately 70% of the maximal obtainable hypnozoiticidal effect. Increasing the dose to 7.5mg/kg (i.e. 450mg) would result in 90% reduction in the risk of P. vivax recurrence. Tafenoquine was well tolerated. No patients had severe haemolysis. Acute vomiting was not dose-related. In patients with normal G6PD enzyme concentrations, tafenoquine dose was associated with minor post-treatment haemoglobin reductions on days 2 or 3 (0.02 g/dL per mg/kg increase [95% CI: 0.04 to 0.00]).Conclusions and interpretationThe currently recommended 300mg adult dose for radical cure of vivax malaria has suboptimal efficacy. Increasing to 450mg is predicted to increase radical cure rates substantially. The production of oxidative metabolites is central to tafenoquine’s hypnozoiticidal efficacy. Clinical trials of higher tafenoquine doses are now needed to characterise efficacy, safety and tolerability.
Persistent low-level variants in a subset of HCMV genes are highly predictive of poor outcome in immunocompromised patients with cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Venturini Cristina , Colston Julia M , Charles Oscar , Best Timothy , Atkinson Claire , Forrest Calum , Williams Charlotte , Rao Kanchan , Worth Austen , Thorburn Doug , Harber Mark , Griffiths Paul , Breuer Judith 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common and most serious opportunistic infection after solid organ (SOT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). There is considerable interest in using virus sequence data to investigate and monitor viral factors associated with the clinical outcome, including failure to respond to available antiviral therapies.To assess this, we used target-enrichment to deep-sequence 16 paediatric patients with HSCT, SOT or primary immunodeficiency of whom 9 died with HCMV and 35 infected SOT adult recipients of whom one died with HCMV.We first showed that samples from both groups have fixed drug-resistance mutations and mixed infections. Deep sequencing also revealed non-fixed resistance mutations in most of the patients who died (6/9). A machine learning approach identified 10 genes with high within-host variability in these patients. These genes formed a viral signature which discriminated patients with HCMV who died from those that survived with high accuracy (AUC=0.96). Lymphocyte numbers for a subset of 17 patients showed no recovery post-transplant of counts in the five who died.We hypothesise that the viral signature identified in this study may be a useful biomarker for poor response of HCMV to antiviral drug treatment and indirectly for poor T cell function, potentially identifying early, those patients requiring non-pharmacological interventions.
SARS-CoV-2 containment was achievable during the early stage of the pandemic: a retrospective modelling study of the Xinfadi outbreak in Beijing
Authors: Wang Yan , Sun Kaiyuan , Pan Yang , Yi Lan , Huo Da , Wu Yanpeng , Dong Shuaibing , Guo Jinxin , Dou Xiangfeng , Wang Wei , Wu Shuangsheng , Bai Xufang , Yu Hongjie , Wang Quanyi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrior to the emergence of the Omicron variant, many cities in China had been able to maintain a “Zero-COVID” policy. They were able to achieve this without blanket city-wide lockdown and through widespread testing and an extensive set of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as mask wearing, contact tracing, and social distancing. We wanted to examine the effectiveness of such a policy in containing SARS-CoV-2 in the early stage of the pandemic. Therefore, we developed a fully stochastic, spatially structured, agent-based model of SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain and reconstructed the Beijing Xinfadi outbreak through computational simulations. We found that screening for symptoms and among high-risk populations served as methods to discover cryptic community transmission in the early stage of the outbreak. Effective contact tracing could greatly reduce transmission. Targeted community lockdown and temporal mobility restriction could slow down the spatial spread of the virus, with much less of the population being affected. Population-wide mass testing could further improve the speed at which the outbreak is contained. Our analysis suggests that the containment of SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strains was certainly possible. Outbreak suppression and containment at the beginning of the pandemic, before the virus had the opportunity to undergo extensive adaptive evolution with increasing fitness in the human population, could be much more cost-effective in averting the overall pandemic disease burden and socioeconomic cost.