bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Epidemiology of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Small Ruminants in Iran
Authors: Babaoglu Ali Riza , Mahzounieh Mohammadreza , Dagalp Seval Bilge 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Recent outbreaks of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) in Turkey’s Marmara region and in Europe (Georgia and Bulgaria) highlight the potential risk of PPR spreading to a larger geographic area. In order to achieve a successful eradication program, evaluating epidemiological data prior to developing disease control strategies is an essential criterion.
Material and Methods: A total of 341 animal specimens from sheep (n = 271) and goats (n = 70) with suspected PPRV infection were collected. The RT-real time-qPCR assay based on nucleoprotein (N) with a plasmid standard reference, which is rapid and sensitive for the diagnosis of infection, was used for the detection of PPRV nucleic acid.
Results:In the RT-real time-qPCR assay, a positivity rate of 29,91% was detected for PPRV nucleic acid. Sequence analysis of sixteen samples from different provinces of Iran showed nucleotide homology of 96,8-100% between them, 97,6-100% for reference isolate Turkey00, and 88,2-89% for the Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strain. The analysis of the secondary protein structure of the approximately 80 amino acid long region of the nucleoprotein in the sixteen viral sequences revealed structural similarity in the alpha-helix and beta-leaf structures for all PPRV strains of Iranian origin, except for two viruses. In the phylogenetic tree, PPRVs circulating in Iran belong to lineage IV and are closely related to the Turkey00 isolate previously found in Iran.
Conclusion:Based on the results of this study, PPRV infection is considered endemic in Iran once again.
Team effectiveness: epidemiologists' perception of collective performance during emergency response
Authors: Parry Amy Elizabeth , Richardson Alice , Kirk Martyn , Colquhoun Samantha , Durrheim David N , Housen Tambri 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To describe epidemiologists’ experience of team dynamics and leadership during emergency response, and explore the utility of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) tool during future public health emergency responses. The TEAM tool included categories for leadership, teamwork, and task management.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey between October 2019 and February 2020 with the global applied field epidemiology workforce. To validate the TEAM tool for our context, we used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Results
We analysed 166 completed surveys. Respondents included national and international emergency responders with representation of all WHO regions. We were unable to validate the TEAM tool for use with epidemiology teams involved in emergency response, however descriptive analysis provided insight into epidemiology emergency response team performance. We found female responders were less satisfied with response leadership than male counterparts, and national responders were more satisfied across all survey categories compared to international responders
Conclusion
Functional teams are a core attribute of effective public health emergency response. Our findings have shown a need for a greater focus on team performance. We recommend development of a fit-for-purpose performance management tool for teams responding to public health emergencies. The importance of building and supporting the development of the national workforce is another important finding of this study.
Heating Up the Planet – A Fresh Hot Look at Global Warming
Authors: Lemos Francisco , Lemos Maria Amélia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Global warming is an inescapable phenomenon that seems to be unquestionably linked with Human activity, in particular with the way Humanity uses energy, and constitutes one of the most important challenges we are facing in the near future. The occurrence of global warming is being linked to the emissions of gases with a greenhouse effect, that is, gases that can trap heat in the atmosphere and, thus, induce an imbalance between the energy the Earth receives and the one that it is able to emit back into space. This imbalance induces an accumulation that is credited as responsible for the warming of the atmosphere. In this paper, we take a different view, based on a thermodynamic analysis, of the overall world’s energy production/consumption system and raise the issue that the warming of the atmosphere is likely to be affected by the energy system in more ways than this imbalance between energy intake and energy release due to the emissions of greenhouse gases and that it may be directly influenced by the generation and use of energy itself. The main conclusion that we reach from our calculations is that the amount of energy that is currently being produced on a global scale can actually make a significant contribution, if not the major contribution, to the current increase in atmospheric temperature.
A Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm for Anomaly Detection in Computer Networks
Authors: Rafeh Reza , Najafi Mehdi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the rapid expansion of computer networks, their security has become an attractive topic for researchers. Intrusion detection is known as one of the main techniques for retaining security in computer networks. Intrusion detection systems are divided into two categories: misuse detection and anomaly detection. Misuse detection techniques work based on the known attack patterns and have high detection rates. However, they are unable to detect new attacks. Anomaly detection techniques can detect new attacks, but they suffer from a high false alarm rate. An anomaly detection system often uses many features some of which may have no impact on detection. Some features may even adversely affect the detection rate. Feature selection can significantly improve the performance of an intrusion detection system. The main task of a feature selector is finding an optimal subset of features to improve the prediction accuracy. In this paper, a new hybrid evolutionary algorithm based on the imperialist competitive and genetic algorithm is proposed to select the optimal features for an anomaly detection system. The algorithm has been evaluated using the KDD99 dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a high detection rate and a low false alarm rate and outperforms the existing similar algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy. In addition, the proposed algorithm converges very fast and can quickly find optimal features which can make it suitable for being used in lightweight intrusion detection systems.
High-pressure polymorphs in bulk silicon formed at relativistic laser intensity
Authors: Rode Andrei , Rapp Ludovic , Matsuoka Takeshi , Firestein Konstantin , Sagae Daisuke , Habara Hideaki , Mukai Keiichiro , Tanaka Kazuo , Gamaly Eugene , Kodama Ryosuke , Seto Yusuke , Shobu Takahisa , Tominaga Aki , Smillie Lachlan , Pikuz Tatiana , Haberl Bianca , Yabuuchi Toshinori , Togashi Tadashi Togashi Tadashi , Inubushi Yuichi , Yabashi Makina , Juodkazis Saulius , Golberg Dmitri , Ozaki Norimasa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Silicon polymorphs with exotic electronic and optical properties have recently attracted significant attention due to the wide range of useful bandgap characteristics1,2,3,4. They are typically formed by high pressure techniques, which put limitations on the sample volumes and their crystal structure5,6,7,8,9,10. This constitutes a major obstacle to study these polymorphs and their incorporation into existing technology. Here, we report on a new approach to create unusual crystal structures deep into the bulk of a silicon wafer by MeV-electrons generated by laser irradiation at ultra-relativistic intensity above ~2x10^18 W/cm2. Strong repulsion between the electrons, their branching due to self-generated magnetic field and nonlinear relativistic effects11,12,13 enhance deposition of their energy deep into the target and form high energy density conditions leading to ionisation, followed by fast quenching and restructuring into new crystal arrangements14,15,16,17,18. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of nanocrystals formed in the irradiated samples provide compelling evidence of the formation of metastable Si phases. The unexplored domain of material transformations exposed to laser-produced MeV-electrons opens new pathways for the conversion into new crystal structures applicable to a wide range of materials at considerably larger quantity, all preserved for further studies and exploitation.
An in – silico perspective on the role of methylation-related genes in wheat – Fuarium graminearum interaction
Authors: Kharbikar Lalit , Shanware Arti S. , Nandanwar Shweta K. , Saharan Mahender S. , Marathe Ashish , Mishra Neeti Sanan , Edwards Simon G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a most important crop among the cereals, accounts for over 20% of the total calories and protein available in human food. However, Fusarium graminearum, a devastating Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen of wheat, poses a greater threat to quality wheat grain production as it produces obnoxious mycotoxins. Presently, FHB is a minor disease in India but can cause significant yield and quality losses if rain occurs during mid-anthesis. In plants, epigenetics including DNA methylation and sRNA accumulation regulates gene expression and plays a definitive role in the adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. In a previous study response of wheat to F. graminearum was investigated through transcriptome analysis of lines differing for 2DL FHB resistance QTLs. However, a comprehensive analysis of methylation-related genes in response to pathogen was not performed in that study or any other studies. We re-analyzed the RNA-Seq data of said study to reveal the roles of methylation-related genes in response to F. graminearum. Sixteen methylation-related genes were down-regulated in a susceptible line, 2-2890 (pedigree of line). GO associated these genes with L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine and S-adenosylmethionine and steroid biosynthesis (p-value 0.001). Co-expression analysis of this NIL with methionine S-methyl-transferase gene (MSM; TraesCS1A02G013800) resulted in 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR; TraesCS5A02G269300). HMGCR was negatively correlated (-1.00) with genes encoding pathogenesis-related and detoxification proteins and xylanase inhibitors. GO associated these genes with methionine S-methyl transferase (p-value 0.001). Expression of HMGCR was higher (Log2 levels from 3.25 to 4.00) in pathogen inoculated compared to MSM (Log2 levels from 1.25 to 3.25) in mock-inoculated samples. 43 genes were down-regulated by miR9678. These genes are associated with responses to biotic stimulus and glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase in GO.
A new CECR1 mutation associated with severe hematological involvement in ADA2 deficiency
Authors: Nicoara Delia , Nita Cristina , Stanila Ana , Martiniuc Alexandru , Popa Laura , Petrescu Eliana , Bataneant Mihaela , Ciofu Ruxandra , Gurita Adriana , Tabacaru Radu , Ionescu Ruxandra , Groseanu Laura 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autosomal recessively inherited disease resulting from loss-of-function mutations in ADA2, formerly named CECR1 (cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1) gene. Disease manifestations could be separated into three major phenotypes: inflammatory/vascular, immune dysregulatory and hematologic, however, most patients presented with significant overlap between these three phenotype groups. Due to its large heterogeneity, DADA2 is often mistaken with other connective tissue diseases. Over 60 DADA2-associated mutations have been identified so far, still we describe a new mutation with possible relation to severe hematological involvement
Case presentation: We present a case of DADA2 deficiency with disease onset at 3 years old with fever, oligoarthritis, mouth sores and recurrent episodes of neutropenia misdiagnosed as Behcet disease, then systemic lupus erythematosus. At the age of 18 she developed gastrointestinal vasculitis complicated with multiple bowel resections, enterocutaneous fistulas and lower limb ischemia. Genetic testing reveals heterozygous mutations at positions 139 (exon 2) and 661_664 (exon 4) of the coding sequence of ADA2 (c.139G>A, c.661_664del), resulting respectively in amino acid substitution p.Gly47Arg and premature translational stop signal p.Ala221Glnfs*45 in ADA2. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with ADA2 deficiency. TNF blockers were started but the patient died due to septic complications related to severe, nonresponsive pancytopenia.
Conclusions: Our case highlights the valuable diagnostic benefit of early specific genetic testing for patients with complex unclear diseases in which vasculopathy/vasculitis, dysregulated immune function and/or hematologic abnormalities may predominate.
The December 2020 Magnitude (Mw) 6.4 Petrinja earthquake, Croatia: Seismological aspects, emergency response and impacts
Authors: Atalić Josip , Demšić Marija , Baniček Maja , Uroš Mario , Dasović Iva , Prevolnik Snježan , Kadić Alen , Novak Marta Šavor , Nastev Miroslav 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOn December 29, 2020, nine months after the MarchMw5.4 Zagreb earthquake and amidst the COVID-19 lockdown, a devastatingMw6.4 earthquake struck near the town of Petrinja, about 50 km SE from the country’s capital Zagreb. It was preceded by theMw4.9 foreshock from the day before. The main shock claimed 7 fatalities and caused widespread damage. Historical centers of nearby cities with invaluable heritage buildings were significantly affected as were the many residential buildings, built mainly of unreinforced masonry. Damage was observed as far as 60 km from the epicenter. This paper summarizes the seismological aspects of theMw6.4 Petrinja earthquake, the emergency response and the main impacts to people and buildings. The description and findings are based on the field observations and a series of post-earthquake activities led by the team of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb. Typical damage to buildings and usability data are presented with examples based on 50,000 inspection results. By far the most affected were the unreinforced masonry buildings, followed by confined masonry, whereas reinforced concrete buildings were the least affected. The total direct and indirect losses are estimated to 4.8 billion EUR. The provided information represents a useful basis and impetus for improving emergency action and long-term disaster reduction plans in other regions with similar building exposure and seismotectonic settings.
Constructing Interconnected Asymmetric Conductive Network in TPU Fibrous Film：Achieving Low-Reflection Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Surperior Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yang Shengdu , Zhang Qi , Ma Zhuyu , Guo YingJian , Shi Meng , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Highly efficient and low-reflection electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites are of great significance to modern electronic devices. Furthermore, it is crucial to simultaneously achieve high EMI shielding performance with low reflectivity and superior thermal management capability in the composites. Herein, silver nanowires (AgNWs) layer was first introduced onto the electrospun TPU fibrous film decorated by Fe3O4@MWCNTs. The unique asymmetric conductive network with interconnected thermally conductive path was successfully constructed from the TPU/Fe3O4@MWCNTs fibrous film at the bottom for electromagnetic wave absorption, and the AgNWs layer at the upper for EMI shielding. The resultant film showed remarkable conductivity (2.22 ´ 105 S/m), excellent EMI shielding effectiveness up to 78.48 dB and a low reflection coefficient value of 0.56. Moreover, the film exhibited a superhigh in-plane thermal conductivity of 7.83 W m-1 K-1, realized by 3D interconnected thermally conductive network of Fe3O4@MWCNTs and AgNWs. As a result, when it was served as a thermal interface material of a working LED chip, the film exhibited excellent thermal management capability. This work opens a way to fabricate low-reflection EMI shielding films with superior thermal management capability.
Survival of Patients With Cervical Cancer at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Western Kenya
Authors: Mwaliko Emily , Itsura Peter , Keter Alfred , De Bacquer Dirk , Buziba Nathan , Bastiaens Hilde , Akinyi Jackie , Obala Andrew , Naanyu Violet , Gichangi Peter , Temmerman Marleen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is a major health burden and the second most common cancer after breast cancer among women in Kenya. Worldwide, cervical cancer constitutes 3.1% of all cancer cases. Mortality rates are greatest in low-income countries owing to a lack of awareness, screening and early-detection programs, and adequate treatment facilities. We aimed to estimate survival rates and determine survival predictors among women with cervical cancer and limited resources in western Kenya.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of women diagnosed with cervical cancer in the 2 years from the date of histologic diagnosis. The outcome of interest was 2-year mortality or survival. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards regression were used in the survival analysis.
Results
We included 162 women in this study. The median time from diagnosis to death was 0.8 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.3–1.6) years. The mean age at diagnosis was 50.6 (standard deviation [SD] 12.5) years. Mean parity was 5.9 (SD 2.6). Participants were followed up for 152.6 person-years. Of 162 women, 70 (43.2%) died, with an overall mortality rate of 45.9 deaths per 100 person-years of follow-up. The survival rate was significantly better for women who were managed surgically (0.44 vs. 0.88, p < 0.001), those who had medical insurance (0.70 vs. 0.48, p = 0.007), and those with early-stage disease at diagnosis (0.88 vs. 0.39, p < 0.001). Participants who were diagnosed at a late stage of disease, according to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) cervical cancer staging (FIGO stage IIB–IVB), had more than an eight times increased risk of death compared with those who were diagnosed at early stages (I–IIA): hazard ratio (HR) 8.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.65–17.57). Similarly, women who underwent surgical management had an 84% reduced risk of mortality compared with those who were referred for other modes of care: HR 0.16 (95% CI 0.07–0.38).
Conclusion
As described in this study, the survival rate of patients with cervical cancer in Kenya is low. Many women are still diagnosed with cervical cancer when they are at very advanced stages and their likelihood of survival is very low. It is imperative to expand screening for early identification of women with cervical cancer in whom surgery can improve prognosis.
Xpert® HPV is not a useful screening tool for oral HPV among people living with HIV (PLHIV)
Authors: Admase Abigail , Joshi Samir , Borse Rohidas , Deshpande Prasad , Kulkarni Vandana , Khaire Samir , Thakur Rahul , Chavan Amol , Nimkar Smita , Mave Vidya , Marbaniang Ivan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Rapid diagnostic tests (RPTs) for high-risk HPV genotypes can help triage people living with HIV (PLHIV), who are at greater risk for oral cancers especially in low-and-middle-income-countries (LMICs), that have a high burden of both HIV and oral cancers. We evaluated the utility of Xpert® HPV, a RPT for oral HPV among PLHIV.
Methods: We used data from 429 PLHIV receiving care at a tertiary care hospital affiliated antiretroviral therapy center in Pune, India. Oral HPV was evaluated using oral rinse samples. Samples were classified as usable (if they were successfully processed on Xpert® HPV) or not usable (if they were not successfully processed on Xpert® HPV). Factors associated with non-usability were evaluated using logistic regression. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert® HPV for oral samples with conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: The Xpert® HPV deemed almost a third (29.8%) of the oral samples not usable for oral HPV detection. We were unable to identify factors associated with non-usability. Compared to conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the sensitivity of Xpert® HPV was 6.2% and specificity 100%, for detection of oral HPV.
Conclusions: Xpert® HPV cannot be used for the detection of oral HPV among PLHIV presently. More research to optimize Xpert® HPV for oral samples is required.
The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on Promotion of Traffic Safe Behaviors in Students Running Title: Promotion of Traffic Safe Behaviors in Students
Authors: Jeihooni Ali Khani , Inalu Fatemeh Balaghi , Kiyani Amin , Harsini Pooyan Afzali , Kamyab Amirhossein 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective: Traffic injuries are the cause of many deaths and disabilities in children, affecting them in different ways: they may be pedestrians, cyclists, motorists, and car occupants. Also, children are the victims of 21% of road deaths. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on promotion of traffic safe behaviors in students.
Method: It is a quasi-experimental study performed on 400 first and second grade primary school students of Fasa city, Fars province, Iran in 2018-2019. The data collection tools included demographic information, constructs of the theory of planned behaviour and traffic behaviours. The educational intervention for experimental group include eight education sessions of 45-50 minutes in small group discussions, question & answer, practical demonstration, videos, Power Points, and booklets.
Results: The mean age of the experimental and control groups was 7.96 ± 0.74 and 7.90 ± 0.81 years. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and traffic safe behavior before the intervention.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed the effectiveness of educational intervention based on TPB of traffic safe behaviors in students. A successful educational program should be accompanied by sufficient exercises to make appropriate decisions when crossing. Since traffic issues are not included in the Iran’s education system, education needs to be systematically and practically operationalized. Developing educational packages with the topics on traffic education is suggested to be incorporated into the textbooks.