bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Flip‐book of Knot Diagrams for Visualizing Surfaces in 4‐Space
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractJust as 2D shadows of 3D curves lose structure where lines cross, 3D graphics projections of smooth 4D topological surfaces are interrupted where one surface intersects itself. They twist, turn, and fold back on themselves, leaving important but hidden features behind the surface sheets. In this paper, we propose a smart slicing tool that can read the 4D surface in its entropy map and suggest the optimal way to generate cross‐sectional images — or “slices” — of the surface to visualize its underlying 4D structure. Our visualization thinks of a 4D‐embedded surface as a collection of 3D curves stacked in time, very much like a flip‐book animation, where successive terms in the sequence differ at most by a critical change. This novel method can generate topologically meaningful visualization to depict complex and unfamiliar 4D surfaces, with the minimum number of cross‐sectional diagrams. Our approach has been successfully used to create flip‐books of diagrams to visualize a range of known 4D surfaces. In this preliminary study, our results show that the new visualization and slicing tool can help the viewers to understand and describe the complex spatial relationships and overall structures of 4D surfaces.
LOOPS: LOcally Optimized Polygon Simplification
Authors: Amiraghdam Alireza , Diehl Alexandra , Pajarola Renato 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisplaying polygonal vector data is essential in various application scenarios such as geometry visualization, vector graphics rendering, CAD drawing and in particular geographic, or cartographic visualization. Dealing with static polygonal datasets that has a large scale and are highly detailed poses several challenges to the efficient and adaptive display of polygons in interactive geographic visualization applications. For linear vector data, only recently a GPU‐based level‐of‐detail (LOD) polyline simplification and rendering approach has been presented which can perform locally‐adaptive LOD visualization of large‐scale line datasets interactively. However, locally optimized LOD simplification and interactive display of large‐scale polygon data, consisting of filled vector line loops, remains still a challenge, specifically in 3D geographic visualizations where varying LOD over a scene is necessary. Our solution to this challenge is a novel technique for locally‐optimized simplification and visualization of 2D polygons over a 3D terrain which features a parallelized point‐inside‐polygon testing mechanism. Our approach is capable of employing any simplification algorithm that sequentially removes vertices such as Douglas‐Peucker and Wang‐Müller. Moreover, we generalized our technique to also visualizing polylines in order to have a unified method for displaying both data types. The results and performance analysis show that our new algorithm can handle large datasets containing polygons composed of millions of segments in real time, and has a lower memory demand and higher performance in comparison to prior methods of line simplification and visualization.
Misinformed by Visualization: What Do We Learn From Misinformative Visualizations?
Authors: Lo Leo Yu‐Ho , Gupta Ayush , Shigyo Kento , Wu Aoyu , Bertini Enrico , Qu Huamin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractData visualization is powerful in persuading an audience. However, when it is done poorly or maliciously, a visualization may become misleading or even deceiving. Visualizations give further strength to the dissemination of misinformation on the Internet. The visualization research community has long been aware of visualizations that misinform the audience, mostly associated with the terms “lie” and “deceptive.” Still, these discussions have focused only on a handful of cases. To better understand the landscape of misleading visualizations, we open‐coded over one thousand real‐world visualizations that have been reported as misleading. From these examples, we discovered 74 types of issues and formed a taxonomy of misleading elements in visualizations. We found four directions that the research community can follow to widen the discussion on misleading visualizations: (1) informal fallacies in visualizations, (2) exploiting conventions and data literacy, (3) deceptive tricks in uncommon charts, and (4) understanding the designers' dilemma. This work lays the groundwork for these research directions, especially in understanding, detecting, and preventing them.
Haematological changes from conception to childbirth: An indicator of major pregnancy complications
Authors: Patxot Marion , Stojanov Miloš , Ojavee Sven Erik , Gobert Rosanna Pescini , Kutalik Zoltán , Gavillet Mathilde , Baud David , Robinson Matthew R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbout 800 women die every day worldwide from pregnancy‐related complications, including excessive blood loss, infections and high‐blood pressure (World Health Organization, 2019). To improve screening for high‐risk pregnancies, we set out to identify patterns of maternal hematological changes associated with future pregnancy complications.MethodsUsing mixed effects models, we established changes in 14 complete blood count (CBC) parameters for 1710 healthy pregnancies and compared them to measurements from 98 pregnancy‐induced hypertension, 106 gestational diabetes and 339 postpartum hemorrhage cases.ResultsResults show interindividual variations, but good individual repeatability in CBC values during physiological pregnancies, allowing the identification of specific alterations in women with obstetric complications. For example, in women with uncomplicated pregnancies, haemoglobin count decreases of 0.12 g/L (95% CI −0.16, −0.09) significantly per gestation week (p value <.001). Interestingly, this decrease is three times more pronounced in women who will develop pregnancy‐induced hypertension, with an additional decrease of 0.39 g/L (95% CI −0.51, −0.26). We also confirm that obstetric complications and white CBC predict the likelihood of giving birth earlier during pregnancy.ConclusionWe provide a comprehensive description of the associations between haematological changes through pregnancy and three major obstetric complications to support strategies for prevention, early‐diagnosis and maternal care.
Contributors are representative, as long as they agree: How confirmation logic overrides effort to achieve synthesis in applied health research
Authors: Knowles Sarah E. , Walkington Pat , Flynn Jackie , Darley Sarah , Boaden Ruth , Kislov Roman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe paradox of representation in public involvement in research is well recognized, whereby public contributors are seen as either too naïve to meaningfully contribute or too knowledgeable to represent ‘the average patient’. Given the underlying assumption that expertise undermines contributions made, more expert contributors who have significant experience in research can be a primary target of criticism. We conducted a secondary analysis of a case of expert involvement and a case of lived experience, to examine how representation was discussed in each.MethodsWe analysed a case of a Lived Experience Advisory Panel (LEAP) chosen for direct personal experience of a topic and a case of an expert Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) panel. Secondary analysis was of multiple qualitative data sources, including interviews with the LEAP contributors and researchers, Panel evaluation data and documentary analysis of researcher reports of Panel impacts. Analysis was undertaken collaboratively by the author team of contributors and researchers.ResultsData both from interviews with researchers and reported observations by the Panel indicated that representation was a concern for researchers in both cases. Consistent with previous research, this challenge was deployed in response to contributors requesting changes to researcher plans. However, we also observed that when contributor input could be used to support research activity, it was described unequivocally as representative of ‘the patient view’. We describe this as researchers holding a confirmation logic. By contrast, contributor accounts enacted a synthesis logic, which emphasized multiplicity of viewpoints and active dialogue. These logics are incompatible in practice, with the confirmation logic constraining the potential for the synthesis logic to be achieved.ConclusionResearchers tend to enact a confirmation logic that seeks a monophonic patient voice to legitimize decisions. Contributors are therefore limited in their ability to realize a synthesis logic that would actively blend different types of knowledge. These different logics hold different implications regarding representation, with the synthesis logic emphasizing diversity and negotiation, as opposed to the current system in which ‘being representative' is a quality attributed to contributors by researchers.Patient or Public ContributionPatient contributors are study coauthors, partners in analysis and reporting.
The effect of substrate surface integrity on the surface properties of TiCrN coating applied via the CAE‐PVD method
Authors: Elmkhah Hassan , Mohammadi Mohammad‐Rashed , Molaei Maryam , Zolriasatein Ashkan , Meghdari Mostafa , Fattah‐alhosseini Arash 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate how the predeposition machining processes such as magnetic grinding, turning machining, and wire electrical discharge machining can influence the surface properties including electrochemical and tribological behavior of TiCrN nanostructured coating applied on Mo40 steel substrate. A physical vapor deposition technique using cathodic arc evaporation was used to apply the coating. The crystallographic phases and the microstructure of the coating were studied by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Rockwell‐C, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization, and pin‐on‐disk wear tests were employed to evaluate the adhesion strength, corrosion behavior, and tribological property of specimens, respectively. The electrochemical results after 24 h of exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution showed that TiCrN coating pretreated with a turning process with polarization resistance of about 3525.32 Ω.cm2 had the best corrosion resistance among all specimens. This was because of the improvement of the smoothness, surface quality, and adhesion after the turning process. On the other, the friction coefficient of the grounded sample is less than that of other ones. This is probably due to its higher adhesion strength and higher surface smoothness.
First three cases of cat‐associated zoonotic cutaneous sporotrichosis in Colombia
Authors: Gallo Simon , Arias‐Rodriguez Camilo , Sánchez‐Cifuentes Erika A. , Santa‐Vélez Catalina , Larrañaga‐Piñeres Isabel , Gaviria‐Barrera Maria E. , Vásquez‐Ochoa Luz A. , Montoya Daniel , Jiménez‐Alzate Maria del P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. The route of entry of the causative agent is direct inoculation by skin trauma, generally with decaying wood and other vegetation. However, cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis has become more relevant in recent decades especially in South America. Until now, there are no case reports of cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis in Colombia.Case reportWe present three cases of cutaneous sporotrichosis after the scratches of an ill cat, in the feline's owners and its veterinarian, confirmed by culture and PCR, where S. schenckii sensu stricto was isolated and typified.ConclusionsCat‐transmitted sporotrichosis is becoming more relevant in recent decades due to its potential to generate epidemics and become a public health problem. In addition, since the associated species are more virulent, the disease has more aggressive behavior. In Colombia, this is the first case series of cat‐transmitted cutaneous sporotrichosis.
Effects of iron supplementation on microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells during the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Schoorl Margreet , Schoorl Marianne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionMild anaemia often occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Particularly in the Hb range between 101–110 g/L it is difficult to determine whether the decreased haemoglobin concentration is physiological or pathological and whether supplementation is required.The aim of this study was to gain insight into the added value of measuring the percentages of microcytic RBCs (%MicroR) and hypochromic RBCs (%Hypo‐He) for monitoring effects of iron supplementation in case of suspected iron‐deficient erythropoiesis (IDE) in the third trimester of pregnancy.MethodsAfter assessing haematological parameters and zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio as marker for IDE, subjects were classified into a group with symptoms of IDE (n = 39) or without IDE (n = 106). The subjects with IDE (n = 39) were treated with iron supplementation. After 4 weeks effects of treatment were evaluated.ResultsIn the group of pregnant women with IDE results of %MicroR and %Hypo‐He were increased (p = <.001), compared to the group without haematological symptoms of IDE, whereas RET‐He, RBC‐He and delta‐He were decreased (p = <.001).A significant positive correlation to increased values of %MicroR (r = .75,p = <.001) and %Hypo‐He (r = .77,p = <.001) with ZPP was established. However, in the ZPP interval 75–100 μmol/mol heme a slight overlap was demonstrated between subjects with and without symptoms of IDE.After iron supplementation, %Hypo‐He decreased (p = .002) while %MicroR remained stable. RET‐He, delta‐He and RDW‐SDincreased (p = <.001).ConclusionThe added value of %MicroR and %Hypo‐He as a single marker for IDE is poor. However, combined interpretation of %MicroR, %Hypo‐He, Ret‐He and delta‐He has added value in monitoring erythropoiesis during pregnancy.
Caregivers' everyday moral reasoning predicts young children's aggressive, prosocial, and moral development: Evidence from ambulatory assessment
Authors: Essler Samuel , Paulus Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDevelopmental theories have proposed caregiver reactions, in particular caregivers' moral reasoning with their children, as crucial factors in children's developing morality. Yet, empirical evidence is scarce and mainly restricted to laboratory contexts. Here, we used the ambulatory assessment method to investigate how caregiver responses to moral transgressions longitudinally relate to children's emerging moral agency. On the first measurement point, mothers (N = 220) reported on nine consecutive evenings on a moral transgression of their 5‐ to 46‐month‐olds', their emotional and verbal reactions, and how in turn their child reacted. Five months later, mothers reported on their child's aggressive and prosocial (helping, sharing, comforting) behavior. Our results demonstrated that (1) caregiver reasoning supported children's sharing and comforting behavior and was related to lower levels of children's aggressive behavior half a year later, that (2) caregiver reasoning reactions supported children's negative evaluations of their own transgressions while compliance‐based caregiver reactions (e.g., physical interventions, reprimands) were predictive of children's subsequent emotional distress and anger, and that (3) caregiver social conformity and reflective functioning abilities emerged as determinants of caregiver negative moral emotions. Thus, this study uses an innovative methodological approach to uncover key characteristics of caregiver moral reactions supporting the development of morality.
Evaluation of the pathogenicity of endophytic fungi isolated from spines of rattan (Calamus castaneus) against other plant hosts
Authors: Azuddin Nurul Farizah , Mohd Masratul Hawa , Nik Rosely Nik Fadzly , Mansor Asyraf , Zakaria Latiffah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
In this study, we sought to determine the pathogenic ability of endophytic fungi recovered from the spines of Calamus castaneus, a common rattan palm growing in the forests of Peninsula Malaysia.

Methods and Results
Ten endophytic fungal isolates were selected for pathogenicity tests: Colletotrichum boninense, Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum cliviae, Diaporthe hongkongensis, Diaporthe arengae, Diaporthe cf. nobilis, Neopestalotiopsis saprophytica, Neopestalotiopsis formicarum, Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. These endophytes were tested against leaves of bertam (Eugeissona sp.), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and mango (Mangiferae indica) and the fruits of chilli (Capsicum annum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and banana (Musa acuminata). The fungal isolates showed infectivity against bertam, oil palm and mango leaves with degrees of virulence ranging from low to moderate, whereas infectivity against chilli, tomato and banana ranged from low to very high.

Conclusions
Fungal endophytes isolated from the spines of C. castaneus are pathogenic to different crop plants with differing degrees of virulence or aggressiveness.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Spines of C. castaneus can harbour fungal pathogens of a number of different crops as endophytes. The ability of the fungal endophytes to colonize and infect different crops demonstrate their importance towards agricultural crops. There is a possibility the endophytes behave as latent pathogen. When conditions become favourable, the fungal endophytes transform to pathogenic form and potentially infect other plants.
Clinical supervisors' perceptions and use of the fundamentals of care framework in supervision of nursing students
Authors: Voldbjerg Siri Lygum , Nielsen Gitte Nordendorff , Klit Mona Oestergaard , Larsen Karen Lyng , Laugesen Britt 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo explore clinical supervisors' perceptions and use of the Fundamentals of Care framework in supervising nursing students in clinical placement in hospital settings.DesignA qualitative study using focus group interviews. Reported in accordance with Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.MethodsTwelve clinical nurse supervisors working in medical, surgical or psychiatric wards in hospitals in Denmark participated in four focus groups conducted from September to November 2020. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsClinical supervisor's perceptions and use of the framework are described in three themes: structuring students' clinical learning, supporting tool for learning what nursing care is and developing own supervision practice.ConclusionSupervisors perceive the Fundamentals of Care framework positively and use it as a supporting tool to structure and facilitate students' reflection on what nursing is and requires. They perceive that having a shared framework across school and clinical setting contributes to a safe and positive learning environment. Furthermore, using the framework develops their own practice as clinical supervisors.
Goal motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions facilitate strategic goal persistence and disengagement
Authors: Riddell Hugh , Sedikides Constantine , Gucciardi Daniel F. , Ben Jackson , Thøgersen‐Ntoumani Cecilie , Ntoumanis Nikos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn three experiments, we examine the role of motives underlying goal pursuit and the metacognitive strategy of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) to predict the strategic use of self‐regulation responses (persistence, disengagement, and reengagement) when faced with attainable, unattainable, or multiple goals. We trained half of the participants to use MCII and treated the rest as control. Experiment 1 (N = 261) underscored the role of autonomous motivation in nurturing adaptive cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms, which facilitated persistence and progress with a difficult but attainable goal. In contrast, controlled motives undermined striving by predicting threat appraisals and giving up coping. MCII training ameliorated the negative impact of controlled motivation on goal striving by reducing threat appraisals. In Experiment 2 (N = 391), we manipulated the task to make the initial goal unattainable. Strategic goal striving (disengagement from the unattainable goal followed by reengagement with an alternative goal) was facilitated by MCII and autonomous goal motives, and culminated in increases in positive affect. In Experiment 3 (N = 432), we extended these findings to a multiple‐goal setting. The research further develops the literatures on self‐regulation and self‐determination, while having implications for life domains where individuals pursue multiple and/or difficult goals.
Power at work: Linking objective power to psychological power
Authors: Heller Sonja , Ullrich Johannes , Mast Marianne S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExperimental research conducted with student participants has documented that feeling powerful or powerless (psychological power) affects outcomes with high practical relevance for organizations. However, it is unclear how results from these studies can be generalized to organizational settings in which individuals have various roles that imply more or less objective power. To address this gap, we present a theoretical framework to aid in the understanding of how objective power in organizations affects psychological power. We assume that stable differences in organizational rank (i.e., structural power) determine the likelihood of interactions with superiors, subordinates, or peers. These interactions give rise to within‐person variation in situational power which should lead to dynamic fluctuations of psychological power and eventually its outcomes. Results of a preregistered experiment (n = 190 participants) and a preregistered experience sampling study (n = 129 participants) conducted with working adults support our key predictions: Structural power was associated with the likelihood of being in a high power versus low power situation. Within‐person differences in situational power were related to feelings of power such as judgments about (1) one's own ability to influence others in a given social situation (i.e., interpersonal power) and (2) one's own competence, agency, autonomy, and independence (i.e., personal power).