bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Oxytocin Receptor in Bovine Reproductive Tissues and the Role of Steroids
Authors: Ivell R , Fuchs A‐R , Bathgate R , Tillmann G , Kimura T 
Published: July 2002

ContentsThe oxytocin receptor (OTR) plays a central role in the functioning of the reproductive tract in the female ruminant. During the oestrous cycle endometrial OTR is suppressed through most of the cycle, probably in a progesterone‐dependent manner, to be massively up‐regulated during the few days before and after oestrus. At this time, luteal OT triggers a positive feedback loop, the endometrial OTR mediating the release of luteolytic PGF2α which feeds back to the corpus luteum to cause the secretion of more OT and to induce luteolysis. This feedback is only interrupted if a newly formed blastocyst is present. Ruminant blastocysts secrete the cytokine interferon‐τ, which interacts directly with the endometrial epithelial cells, preventing the up‐regulation of OTR in late luteal phase. During early pregnancy the levels of OTR in endometrium remain very low whereas myometrial OTR are less affected. OTR in endometrium are up‐regulated around day 50 and then progressively increase to reach a maximum at the onset of labour; those in the myometrium are upregulated somewhat later in gestation, around day 100. The OTR in the cervix are differently regulated: their concentrations are very low through most of the cycle and gestation and do not increase until pro‐oestrus and at parturition when they abruptly rise to high values. Ligand binding to the mucosal and endometrial OTR causes specific release of prostaglandins, which in turn activate paracrine pathways in the surrounding tissues to induce softening of the connective tissue of the uterine wall during pregnancy, and of the cervix at term. Additionally, local uterine contractions induced by OT and potentiated by prostaglandins may serve a physiological function during pregnancy by improving uterine blood flow. Due to the appearance of gap junctions in myometrium at term the OT‐induced contractions become synchronized and well propagated and because of concomitant cervical softening the contractions become expulsive. Although OTR‐dependent physiology correlates well with the levels of circulating gonadal steroids, there is no evidence for any direct effect of steroids either on the OTR gene or OTR protein. Instead, progesterone appears to exert an indirect inhibitory effect on the OTR gene, probably mediated via other cell types. This is in contrast to the inhibition by interferon‐τ which appears to activate a pathway which directly suppresses the OTR gene expression. The important role of OTR in female uterine physiology, and its value as an indicator molecule, make it imperative to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying its regulation. These are likely to be of fundamental importance for many aspects of uterine function both in ruminants and in other species, including the human.
Factors Associated with Home Versus Institutional Death Among Cancer Patients in Connecticut
Authors: Gallo William T. , Baker Matthew J. , Bradley Elizabeth H. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationships between home death and a set of demographic, disease‐related, and health‐resource factors among individuals who died of cancer.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: All adult deaths from cancer in Connecticut during 1994.PARTICIPANTS: Six thousand eight hundred and thirteen individuals who met all of the following criteria: died of a cancer‐related cause in 1994, had previously been diagnosed with cancer in Connecticut, and were age 18 and older at the time of death.MEASUREMENT: Site of death.RESULTS: Twenty‐nine percent of the study sample died at home, 42% died in a hospital, 17% died in a nursing home, and 11% died in an inpatient hospice facility. Multivariate analysis indicated that demographic characteristics (being married, female, white, and residing in a higher income area), disease‐related factors (type of cancer, longer survival postdiagnosis), and health‐resource factors (greater availability of hospice providers, less availability of hospital beds) were associated with dying at home rather than in a hospital or inpatient hospice.CONCLUSIONS: The implications of this study for clinical practice and health planning are considerable. The findings identify groups (men, unmarried individuals, and those living in lower income areas) at higher risk for institutionalized death—groups that may be targeted for possible interventions to promote home death when home death is preferred by patients and their families. Further, the findings suggest that site of death is influenced by available health‐system resources. Thus, if home death is to be supported, the relative availability of hospital beds and hospice providers may be an effective policy tool for promoting home death. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:771–777, 2001.
Medical Care Inconsistent with Patients' Treatment Goals: Association with 1‐Year Medicare Resource Use and Survival
Authors: Teno Joan M. , Fisher Elliott S. , Hamel Mary Beth , Coppola Kristen , Dawson Neal V. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES:To describe how frequently seriously ill persons perceive that the care they receive is inconsistent with treatment preferences and the effect on 1‐year resource utilization.SETTING:Five U.S. teaching hospitals.DESIGN:Secondary analysis of interview data.PARTICIPANTS:Seriously ill Medicare beneficiaries.MEASUREMENTS:Interviews about patients' preferred approaches to care and whether they perceived care was consistent with these preferences. Part A and B costs for up to 1 year, adjusted for cost differences across hospitals and over time and for 1‐year survival.RESULTS:Forty percent of the 1,185 study patients expressed a preference for treatment to focus on extending life, whereas 60% expressed a preference for comfort care. Eighty‐six percent of the patients who wanted aggressive treatment reported that care was consistent with their preferences, but only 41% of those who preferred comfort care reported that care was consistent with their preferences. More than one‐third of those with a preference for comfort care (35%) reported that the medical care that they received was inconsistent with their goals; 24% were unsure of treatment goals. Those who preferred comfort care but believed that their care was inconsistent with their wishes had higher estimated mean 1‐year costs than those who believed that their care was consistent with their wishes ($92,442 vs $52,098, P < .001). Even after adjusting for differences in disease severity, age, gender, race, functional status, income, and years of education, adjusted costs were 1.4 times (95% confidence interval = 1.2–1.6) higher. However, 1‐year survival was lower in these patients who stated that care was consistent with their preference to focus on comfort care than for those who wished to receive comfort care and stated that care was not consistent with their preference (38% vs 55% 1‐year survival, P < .001).CONCLUSION:More than one in three seriously ill persons who prefer comfort care believe that their medical care is at odds with their preference that treatment focus on palliation. Such discord was associated with higher 1‐year healthcare costs and increased survival. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:496–500, 2002.
Does Receipt of Hospice Care in Nursing Homes Improve the Management of Pain at the End of Life?
Authors: Miller Susan C. , Mor Vincent , Wu Ning , Gozalo Pedro , Lapane Kate 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES:To compare analgesic management of daily pain for dying nursing home residents enrolled and not enrolled in Medicare hospice.DESIGN:Retrospective, comparative cohort study.SETTING:Over 800 nursing homes in Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New York, and South Dakota.PARTICIPANTS:A subset of residents with daily pain near the end of life taken from a matched cohort of hospice (2,644) and nonhospice (7,929) nursing home residents who had at least two resident assessments (Minimum Data Sets (MDSs)) completed, their last between 1992 and 1996, and who died before April 1997. The daily pain subset consisted of 709 hospice and 1,326 nonhospice residents.MEASUREMENTS:Detailed drug use data contained on the last MDS before death were used to examine analgesic management of daily pain. Guidelines from the American Medical Directors Association (AMDA) were used to identify analgesics not recommended for use in managing chronic pain in long‐term care settings. The study outcome, regular treatment of daily pain, examined whether patients received any analgesic, other than those not recommended by AMDA, at least twice a day for each day of documented daily pain (i.e., 7 days before date of last MDS).RESULTS:Fifteen percent of hospice residents and 23% of nonhospice residents in daily pain received no analgesics (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.45–0.74). A lower proportion of hospice residents (21%) than of nonhospice residents (29%) received analgesics not recommended by AMDA (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.52–0.80). Overall, acetaminophen (not in combination with other drugs) was used most frequently for nonhospice residents (25% of 1,673 prescriptions), whereas morphine derivatives were used most frequently for hospice residents (30% of 1,058 prescriptions). Fifty‐one percent of hospice residents and 33% of nonhospice residents received regular treatment for daily pain. Controlling for clinical confounders, hospice residents were twice as likely as nonhospice residents to receive regular treatment for daily pain (adjusted odds ratio = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.68–2.56).CONCLUSION:Findings suggest that analgesic management of daily pain is better for nursing home residents enrolled in hospice than for those not enrolled in hospice. The prescribing practices portrayed by this study reveal that many dying nursing home residents in daily pain are receiving no analgesic treatment or are receiving analgesic treatment inconsistent with AMDA and other pain management guidelines. Improving the analgesic management of pain in nursing homes is essential if high‐quality end‐of‐life care in nursing homes is to be achieved. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:507–515, 2002.
A Case of RhabdomyoSarcoma Following a Metal Surgical Implant
Authors: Gatti Giovanna M. , Ivaldi Giovanni B. , Lartigau Eric , Marsiglia Hugo , Orecchia Roberto 
Published: July 2002

Patient. We report a 51‐year‐old male presenting with Grade
III rhabdomyosarcoma.Discussion. A case of rhabdomyosarcoma which developed in
proximity to a metal surgical implant is described. Few cases have been reported in
the world in humans.The therapeutic approach to the disease is presented, together
with a brief review of literature.
PELICAN: a pricing mechanism for the electronic distribution of materials to the higher education community
Authors: Hardy Rachel , Oppenheim Charles , Rubbert Iris 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTPELICAN (Pricing Experiment Library Information Co‐operative Network) is a Joint Information Systems Committee‐funded project intended to develop an understanding of possible charging mechanisms for distributing commercially published digitized texts to students. The paper discusses the background to the project and sets out its aims and intentions within the context of ongoing dialogues between rights holders and the higher and further education communities. A brief description of the methodology to be adopted and the likely benefits for all stakeholders of establishing a mutually acceptable business and pricing model for the digitization of printed texts in UK higher education is presented.
On‐demand publishing in the Humanities: project
Authors: Sykes Phil 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis article describes the ‘On‐Demand Publishing in the Humanities’ project, funded by JISC as part of the eLib programme, at Liverpool John Moores University. The principal aims of the project were to develop a ‘cheap and cheerful’ model for networking electronic texts, to develop a model agreement for the networking of copyright texts for use with publishers, and to shed light on the problems and benefits of on‐demand publishing for all the stakeholders involved. The article sets out the project methods, describes the extent to which the aims of the project have been fulfilled, analyses the reactions of end‐users to the materials, and attempts an assessment of the current viability of on‐demand publishing as a means of supplying copyright texts to students.
Publisher—library relationships in the digital environment
Authors: Cox John 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTSTM represents 250 publishing companies and learned societies, and recognizes that the advent of digital networks affects authors, publishers, librarians, and readers. Dialogue between publishers and librarians is essential to creating the sense of partnership and open‐mindedness needed to meet the future needs of scholarship and research. Publishers and librarians have complementary roles and responsibilities, serving the same needs and facing similar challenges. The interests of publishers and librarians need to be rebalanced in order to seize the benefits of digital information flow. Legislation provides a framework of copyright, privacy, competition, and consumer law that protects against misuse while facilitating the flow of information from author to reader. If laws need to be amended, such changes should be made on the basis of the mutual agreement of all members of the community. There is much to be achieved without legislative change. Neither publishers nor librarians should shy away from the issues that divide them, especially the scope of fair use and the exchange of copyright information between libraries. A more detailed analysis of the impact of copyright exemptions is needed. The development of a predictable licensing environment and the testing of new business models requires co‐operation between publishers and librarians, and leads to better mutual understanding. STM seeks dialogue with libraries and with other members of the research and scholarly communities in order to meet the challenges, opportunities, and expectations created by the digital environment.
Assessment of MRI image distortion based on 6 consecutive years of annual QAs and measurements on 14 MRI scanners used for radiation therapy
Authors: Lu Lanchun , Yang Xiangyu , Raterman Brian , Jiang Xia , Meineke Matthew , Grecula John , Blakaj Dukagjin , Palmer Joshua , Raval Raju , Thomas Evan , Hintenlang David , Gupta Nilendu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the magnitude of MRI image distortion based on 6 consecutive years of annual quality assurances/measurements on 14 MRI scanners used for radiation therapy and to provide evidence for the inclusion of additional margin for treatment planning.Methods and materialsWe used commercial MRI image phantoms to quantitatively study the MRI image distortion over period of 6 years for up to 14 1.5 and 3 T MRI scanners that could potentially be used to provide MRI images for treatment planning. With the phantom images collected from 2016 to 2022, we investigated the MRI image distortion, the dependence of distortion on the distance from the imaging isocenter, and the possible causes of large distortion discovered.ResultsMRI image distortion increases with the distance from the imaging isocenter. For a region of interest (ROI) with a radius of 100 mm centered at the isocenter, the mean magnitude of distortion for all MRI scanners is , and the maximum distortion varies from depending on MRI scanners. For an ROI with a radius of 200 mm centered at the isocenter, the mean magnitude of distortion increases to , and the range of the maximum distortion increases to depending on MRI scanners. The distortion could reach 2 mm at 150 mm from the isocenter.ConclusionAn additional margin to accommodate image distortion should be considered for treatment planning. Imaging with proper patient alignment to the isocenter is vital to reducing image distortion. We recommend performing image distortion checks annually and after major upgrade on MRI scanners.
Ballistic Thermal Transport at Sub‐10 nm Laser‐Induced Hot Spots in GaN Crystal
Authors: Huang Dezhao , Sun Qiangsheng , Liu Zeyu , Xu Shen , Yang Ronggui , Yue Yanan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBallistic thermal transport at nanoscale hotspots will greatly reduce the performance of a Gallium nitride (GaN) device when its characteristic length reaches the nanometer scale. In this work, the authors develop a tip‐enhanced Raman thermometry approach to study ballistic thermal transport within the range of 10 nm in GaN, simultaneously achieving laser heating and measuring the local temperature. The Raman results show that the temperature increase from an Au‐coated tip‐focused hotspot up to two times higher (40 K) than that in a bare tip‐focused region (20 K). To further investigate the possible mechanisms behind this temperature difference, the authors perform electromagnetic simulations to generate a highly focused heating field, and observe a highly localized optical penetration, within a range of 10 nm. The phonon mean free path (MFP) of the GaN substrate can thus be determined by comparing the numerical simulation results with the experimentally measured temperature increase which is in good agreement with the average MFP weighted by the mode‐specific thermal conductivity, as calculated from first‐principles simulations. The results demonstrate that the phonon MFP of a material can be rapidly predicted through a combination of experiments and simulations, which can find wide application in the thermal management of GaN‐based electronics.
Replacing the oxidation‐sensitive triaminoaryl chemotype of problematic KV7 channel openers: Exploration of a nicotinamide scaffold
Authors: Wurm Konrad W. , Bartz Frieda‐Marie , Schulig Lukas , Bodtke Anja , Bednarski Patrick J. , Link Andreas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKV7 channel openers have proven their therapeutic value in the treatment of pain as well as epilepsy and, moreover, they hold the potential to expand into additional indications with unmet medical needs. However, the clinically validated but meanwhile discontinued KV7 channel openers flupirtine and retigabine bear an oxidation‐sensitive triaminoraryl scaffold, which is suspected of causing adverse drug reactions via the formation of quinoid oxidation products. Here, we report the design and synthesis of nicotinamide analogs and related compounds that remediate the liability in the chemical structure of flupirtine and retigabine. Optimization of a nicotinamide lead structure yielded analogs with excellent KV7.2/3 opening activity, as evidenced by EC50 values approaching the single‐digit nanomolar range. On the other hand, weighted KV7.2/3 opening activity data including inactive compounds allowed for the establishment of structure–activity relationships and a plausible binding mode hypothesis verified by docking and molecular dynamics simulations.
Novel staging for gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms by incorporating the WHO grading into the TNM staging system
Authors: Zhang Rihong , Guo Yu , Wang Youliang , Hu Li , Fang Cheng , Yang Yujie , Yang Xianqi , Chen Luohai , Chen Jie , Wang Wei , Sun Xiaowei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe 8th tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) can be used to estimate the prognosis of gastric neuroendocrine tumor (gNET) and gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (gNEC) patients but not gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs).MethodsFirst, in the SEER (training) dataset, a TNMG system was built by combining the WHO G grade (G1‐4; NEC grouped into G4) with the 8th AJCC T (T1‐4), N (N0‐1), and M (M0‐1) stage, which was then validated in a Chinese (validation) cohort.ResultsIn all, 2245 gNENs cases from the training dataset and 280 cases from the validation dataset were eligible. The T stage, M stage, and G grade were independent prognostic factors for OS in both datasets (all p < 0.05). The TNMG staging system demonstrated better C‐index for predicting OS than the 8th AJCC TNM staging system in both the training (0.87, 95%CI: 0.86–0.88 vs. 0.79, 95%CI: 0.77–0.81) and validation (0.77, 95%CI: 0.73–0.80 vs. 0.75, 95%CI: 0.71–0.79) datasets. The AUC of the 3‐year OS for the TNMG staging system was 0.936 and 0.817 in the SEER and validation dataset, respectively; higher than those of the 8th AJCC system (vs. 0.843 and 0.779, respectively). DCA revealed that compared with the 8th AJCC TNM staging system, the TNMG staging system demonstrated superior net prognostic benefit in both the training and validation datasets.ConclusionsThe proposed TNMG staging system could more accurately predict the 3‐ and 5‐year OS rate of gNENs patients than the 8th AJCC TNM staging system.
Alternative splicing of HSPA12A pre‐RNA by SRSF11 contributes to metastasis potential of colorectal cancer
Authors: Pan Yao‐Jie , Huo Fu‐Chun , Kang Meng‐Jie , Liu Bo‐Wen , Wu Meng‐Di , Pei Dong‐Sheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of alternative splicing (AS) induced by serine/arginine‐rich proteins has recently been linked to cancer metastasis. Nonetheless, as a member of the serine/arginine‐rich protein family, the involvement of SRSF11 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unknown.MethodsThe TCGA dataset and clinical samples were used to assess SRSF11 expression levels in CRC. For SRSF11, functional experiments were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. RNA‐seq technology was used to analyze and screen SRSF11‐triggered AS events, which were then confirmed by in vivo UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) and mini‐gene reporter assays. Jalview software was used to determine the preferential binding motif with relation to exon skipping (ES) events. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) and Phospho‐tag SDS‐PAGE experiments were used to investigate PAK5‐mediated phosphorylation regulation on SRSF11, and in vitro kinase experiments validated the interaction.ResultsIn CRC, SRSF11 was discovered to be overexpressed and associated with a poor prognosis. And SRSF11 played a pro‐metastatic role in vitro and in vivo. By screening SRSF11‐regulated AS events, we identified the binding motif of SRSF11‐triggered splicing‐switching of HSPA12A AS, which specifically regulated HSPA12A AS by directly binding to a motif in exon 2. Mechanistically, the HSPA12A transcript with exon 2 retention increased N‐cadherin expression by promoting RNA stability. Furthermore, the oncogenic kinase PAK5 phosphorylated SRSF11 at serine 287, protecting it from ubiquitination degradation.ConclusionsSRSF11 exerts pro‐metastatic effects in CRC by inhibiting the AS of HSPA12A pre‐RNA. Our findings point to SRSF11‐regulated HSPA12A splicing as a novel relationship between SRSF11‐regulated splicing and CRC metastasis and suggest a PAK5/SRSF11/HSPA12A axis as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in CRC.