bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of households’ vulnerability to food insecurity in the face of climate variability: Evidence from North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: bezu debebe cheber , Beyene Fekadu , Haji Jema , Lemma Tesfaye 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Most studies conducted in Ethiopia have given attention to the study of static food insecurity with no concern on vulnerability to food insecurity. An understanding of vulnerability to food insecurity is critically important to inform the formulation of policies and strategies to enhance food security and reduce vulnerability to food insecurity among households. Thus, this study examined the level of households’ vulnerability to food insecurity and its determinants in North Shewa zone of Ethiopia using cross-sectional data collected from 382 sample households. The vulnerability of households to food insecurity was estimated using vulnerability as expected poverty approach. The factors which influenced vulnerability to food insecurity were analyzed using logistic regression model. Accordingly, based on the intensity of their vulnerability, households were grouped as chronic food insecure (43.72%), transient food insecure (12.57%), highly vulnerable-food secure (16.23%), and low vulnerable-food secure (27.49%). Overall, about 75.51% of households were categorized as vulnerable to food insecurity. These included households who were food insecure at the time of the survey (56.28%) and those who were categorized as transient food secure group (16.23%). In addition, logistic regression model results revealed that extension service, early warning information, agricultural technology, and crop diversity were the major factors affecting (negatively) households’ vulnerability to food insecurity. On the other hand, sex, rainfall variability and drought have increased the probability of being vulnerable to food insecurity. The findings imply that design and implementation of food insecurity policies and strategies need to focus not only on households that are currently food insecure, but also on those categorized as transient food insecure or households that are more likely to be food insecure in the near future.
Foreign Capital Flows And Economic Globalization On Financial Development Dynamics: A Comparative Evidence On Top And Bottom Remittance And FDI-Receiving Regions With New Policy Insights
Authors: Pal Shreya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the perspective of Mishkin, (2009) hypothesis, this study is encouraged to investigate the consequences of remittance and FDI, which is a part of economic globalization, on financial development dynamics (financial institutions and markets) in the top (Europe and Central Asia) and bottom (Sub Saharan Africa) remittance and FDI receiving developing regions by using the balanced panel data from 1984-2020. We used Institutional quality, economic growth, inflation, and government investment as control variables in the financial development dynamics function. The findings from FMOLS and DOLS indicate that institutional quality is a pillar for growing economic globalization and financial development globally. This concept satisfies the Mishkin, (2009) Hypothesis. The long-run partial elasticity of financial development positively enhances the remittance, FDI, and economic globalization for both panel regions. From a policy perspective, we propose that all developing countries should utilize domestic financial sources for consumption purpose. For that, a strong regulatory and supervisory framework requires to implement to each country which helps to minimizes financial stability risks. Ultimately FDI and remittance with favourable regulations, especially financial market regulations, will assist to fully utilize the benefits of the spill over effects of foreign flows at their maximum level.JEL codes: F24; F60; G10; G20; C33; O18
Nexus Between Foreign Direct Investment And Manufacturing Output In India: An ARDL Approach
Authors: Jena Pratap Kumar , Sahoo Runu Lata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In view of the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the growth of manufacturing output, this paper examines the nexus between FDI and manufacturing output in India using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test. The empirical results indicate that a high positive correlation presents between FDI and manufacturing output during the study period. The ARDL bound test results indicate the existence of a long-run relationship between FDI and manufacturing output in the study period. The ARDL-VECM model suggests the existence of short-run relationship between the two variables. In view of the fact that the manufacturing sector is one of the important sectors in India for employment and economic growth, there must be policy implication by the government to boost the manufacturing output in the country. JEL Classification: C22, F31, O47
Unpacking the ‘Black Box of Horrendousness’: A Qualitative Exploration of the Barriers and Facilitators to Conducting Trials Involving Adults Lacking Capacity to Consent
Authors: Shepherd Victoria , Hood Kerenza , Wood Fiona 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Trials involving adults who lack capacity to consent encounter a range of ethical and methodological challenges, resulting in these populations frequently being excluded from research. Currently, there is little evidence regarding the nature and extent of these challenges, nor strategies to improve the design and conduct of such trials. This qualitative study explored researchers’ and healthcare professionals’ experiences of the barriers and facilitators to conducting trials involving adults lacking capacity to consent.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted remotely with 26 researchers and healthcare professionals with experience in a range of roles, trial populations and settings across the UK. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
A number of inter-related barriers and facilitators were identified and mapped against key trial processes including during trial design decisions, navigating ethical approval, assessing capacity, identifying and involving alternative decision-makers, and when revisiting consent. Three themes were identified: 1) the perceived and actual complexity of trials involving adults lacking capacity, 2) importance of having access to appropriate support and resources, and 3) need for building greater knowledge and expertise to support future trials. Barriers to trials included the complexity of the legal frameworks, the role of gatekeepers, a lack of access to expertise and training, and the resource-intensive nature of these trials. The ability to conduct trials was facilitated by having prior experience with these populations, effective communication between research teams, public involvement contributions, and the availability of additional data to inform the trial. Participants also identified a range of context-specific recruitment issues and highlighted the importance of ‘designing in’ flexibility and the use of adaptive strategies which were especially important for trials during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants identified a need for better training and support.
Conclusions
Researchers encountered a number of barriers, including both generic and context or population-specific challenges, which may be reinforced by wider factors such as resource limitations and knowledge deficits. Greater access to expertise and training, and the development of supportive interventions and tailored guidance, is urgently needed in order to build research capacity in this area and facilitate the successful delivery of trials involving this under-served population.
Reliability and Validity of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21 in Screening Common Mental Disorders Among Postpartum Women in Malawi
Authors: Moya Ernest , Larson Leila M. , Stewart Robert C. , Fisher Jane , Mwangi Martin N. , Phiri Kamija S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Approximately one in five women who have recently gave birth suffer from some form of common mental disorder (CMD) particularly depression and/or anxiety.Most available CMD screening tools in most lowand middle income countries do not screen for more than one mental health problem. Having a screening tool that is free to use, short in assessment time and used to screen for more than one CMD is appealing in a resource constrained setting. This study aimed at assessing the reliability and validity of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21) for screeningCMDsexperienced by women who have recently given birth in Malawi.Method: We used the gold-standard design for scale validation of comparing the responses to the Chichewa translated and adapted DASS-21 instrument with an independently administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Internal reliability was reported using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The ability of DASS-21 and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) to discriminate cases from non-cases was assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and its curve was used to select cut-off points for DASS-21 and EPDS that maximise both sensitivity and specificity. Results: The overall Cronbach’s alpha for DASS-21 scale was 0.74. The internal consistency for DASS-21 depression subscale, anxiety subscale and stress subscale were 0.66, 0.29 and 0.52 respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.6086; 0.9102) for DASS-21 depression subscale (DASS-D) and 0.65 for DASS-21 anxiety subscale (DASS-A). At a cut-off point of one or more, the sensitivity and specificity for DASS-D was 69.2% and 75.5% whilst DASS-A was 52.9% and 75.5% respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient for the association between DASS-D and EPDS was r = 0.61, p<0.001.Conclusion: DASS-21 as an overall item has good internal reliability but none of its subscales (DASS-D, DASS-A, DASS-S) have satisfactory internal reliability.
Artificial Intelligence for the prediction of Acute Kidney Injury during the perioperative period: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy
Authors: Zhang Hanfei , Wang Amanda Y , Wu Shukun , Ngo Johnathan , Feng Yunlin , He Xin , Zhang Yingfeng , Wu Xingwei , Hong Daqing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently associated with morbidity and mortality in a wide range of surgical settings. Nowadays, with the increasing use of electronic health records (EHR), advances in patient information retrieval, and cost reduction in clinical informatics, artificial intelligence is increasingly being used to improve early recognition and management for perioperative AKI. However, there is no quantitative synthesis of the performance of these methods.
Objective
To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of artificial intelligence for the prediction of acute kidney injury during the perioperative period.
Methods
Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to 2nd October 2021. Studies presenting diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence in the early detection of perioperative acute kidney injury were included. Two independent evaluators extracted data. The risk of bias of eligible studies was assessed using the PROBAST tool.
Results
Nineteen studies involving 304,076 patients were included. Quantitative random-effects meta-analysis using the Rutter and Gatsonis hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) model revealed pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.81),0.75 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.80), and 10.7 (95% CI 8.5 to 13.5), respectively. Threshold effect was found to be the only source of heterogeneity, and there was no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusions
Our review demonstrates the promising performance of artificial intelligence for early prediction of perioperative AKI. Further studies should focus on the improvement of existing models, novel biomarkers, and clinical effectiveness.
Temperature and Interspecific Competition Alter the Impacts of Two Invasive Species on a Key Ecosystem Process
Authors: Carvalho Francisco , Sousa Ronaldo , Cássio Fernanda , Pascoal Cláudia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate change is expected to alter impacts of invasive alien species (IAS). As omnivorous and ectotherms, invasive crayfish species (ICS) can be particularly influenced by altered thermal regimes with possible impacts on native species and key ecosystem processes, such as leaf-litter breakdown. We performed a controlled study using a multi-trophic approach to assess the individual and combined effects between two ICS (Pacifastacus leniusculus and Procambarus clarkii) on leaf-litter breakdown under temperature increase (15 and 18ºC). We used one or two species combinations of ICS (2-individuals per aquarium) and 3-individuals of a native invertebrate detritivore (Sericostoma sp.) trapped inside a transparent cage and a fine-mesh bag containing microbially-colonized oak leaves. Oak leaves were added to assess direct and indirect impacts of crayfish on leaf-litter breakdown and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) production. Leaf-litter breakdown by microbes and Sericostoma was affected by temperature but not by the influence of ICS. Increasing temperature enhanced leaf-litter breakdown and FPOM production by P. clarkii, but not by P. leniusculus. At 15ºC, leaf breakdown was lower in treatments with both ICS than the expected from their individual performances, indicating competitive interactions between crayfish species. FPOM production was significantly correlated with leaf-litter breakdown but not in treatments with both ICS. Our results highlight that competitive interactions between ICS may occur and potentially attenuate their impacts on key ecological processes. However, predicted increases in temperature may change the performance of IAS and increase the magnitude of their combined effects.
Relationship Between Mental Health Disorder Symptoms and Negative Cancer Perceptions Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Fwelo Pierre , Adzrago David , Adekunle Ayooluwatomiwa D. , Adekunle Toluwani E. , Akinlo Ambrose , Perkinson William B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although much emphasis has been placed on the impact of ambiguity on cognitive processes, the impact of mental health disorder symptoms and racial/ethnic disparities in cancer perception of fatalism and ambiguity remains less explored. This study explored the association between mental health disorder symptoms and negative cancer perceptions. Also, we assessed differences in these outcomes within mental health disorder symptoms and racial/ethnic subgroups.
Methods
We used the 2019-2020 Health Information National Trends Survey data to assess the perception of cancer fatalism and cancer communication ambiguity, and employed weighted multivariable logistic regression to determine the effects of mental health disorder symptoms on these negative cancer perceptions.
Results
People with moderate [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)= 1.58, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)= 1.09, 2.31] and severe anxiety/depression (AOR= 1.88, 95% CI= 1.12, 3.14) symptoms were more likely to have cancer fatalism perceptions than people with no anxiety/depression symptoms. People with mild (AOR= 1.33, 95% CI= 1.06, 1.69) or severe (AOR= 1.80, 95% CI= 1.03, 3.16) anxiety/depression symptoms were more likely to perceive cancer communication as ambiguous compared to people who had no anxiety/depression symptoms.
Conclusions
The study showed that mental health status was associated with both cancer fatalism perception and perceived ambiguity in cancer recommendations. This suggests that interventions aimed at reducing mental health disorder symptoms may potentially reduce perceived cancer fatalism and communication ambiguity, thereby improving participation in cancer prevention programs.
GRWR Correlates with the Metabolism of Tacrolimus After Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantation Accorrding to Donor CYP3A5 Polymorphism
Authors: Wan Ping , hou yuchen , Qiu Bijun , Feng Mingxuan , Yang Taihua , Luo Yi , Xia Lei , Chen Xiaosong , Zhang Jianjun , Xue Feng , Xia Qiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Tacrolimus is characterized by high pharmacokinetic variability in combination with a narrow therapeutic range. However, influence of donor CYP3A5 genotype and graft-to-recipient body weight ratio (GRWR) on tacrolimus’ pharmacokinetics after pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) remains unclear. Methods: A total of 174 LDLT recipients (<6y) were grouped according to donor CYP3A5 genotypes [non-expressor (NEX) or expressor (EX)] and GRWR [<3.0% (SFS, small-for-size) or ≥3.0% (LFS, large-for-size)]: SFS/NEX (n=40), SFS/EX (n=38), LFS/NEX (n=48) and LFS/EX (n=48). Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: Tacrolimus C0 levels varied greatly among groups, although recipients started with the same initial dosage. LFS/EX recipients had significantly lower C0 levels in comparison with those of other groups. The use of CYP3A5-EX grafts and a greater GRWR both resulted in significantly higher TAC dose requirements and lower C/D ratios. However, the significance of GRWR no longer exists 3 months after transplantation. The multivariate generalized linear mixed model analysis showed that donor CYP3A5 genotypes (F=11.876, P=0.01) and GRWR (F=4.631 P=0.033) were independent impact factors for C/D ratios 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after transplantation. Donor CYP3A5-EX genotype was associated with significantly increasing risks of infectious complications and significantly lower Cylex ATP values. However, no significant difference was observed in acute rejections among 4 groups. Conclusions: Monitoring of C0 levels alone is not reliable to guide tacrolimus administration. Donor CYP3A5 and GRWR both significantly affect tacrolimus pharmacokinetics after pediatric LDLT. The use of Cylex ATP tests would be helpful to avoid overimmunosuppression.
Three-Dimensional In-Situ Imaging of Single-Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Films
Authors: Dzhigaev Dmitry , Repecaud Pierre-Alexis , Smirnov Yury , Marçal Lucas , Fevola Giovanni , Sheyfer Dina , Jeangros Quentin , Cha Wonsuk , Harder Ross , Mikkelsen Anders , Wallentin Jesper , Morales-Masis Monica , Stuckelberger Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Strain and interactions at grain boundaries during solid-phase crystallization are known to play a significant role in the functional properties of polycrystalline materials. However, elucidating three-dimensional nanoscale grain morphology, kinetics, and strain under realistic conditions is challenging. Here, we image a single-grain growth during the amorphous-to-polycrystalline transition in technologically relevant transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film of In2O3:Zr with in-situ Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging and transmission electron microscopy. We find that the
Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov theory, which describes the average kinetics of polycrystalline films growth, can be applied to the single grains as well. The quantitative analysis stems directly from imaging results. We elucidate the interface-controlled nature of the single-grain growth in thin films and reveal the surface strains which may be a driving force for anisotropic crystallization rates. Our results bring in-situ imaging with coherent X-rays towards understanding and controlling the crystallization processes of TCOs and other polycrystalline materials at the nanoscale.
Genetic diversity analysis of different populations of Epimedium koreanum Nakai (Berberidaceae) based on inter simple sequence repeat molecular markers
Authors: Guo Kun , Wang YingZhe , Meng FangFang , Rong LuSheng , Xiao JingLei , Jiang DaCheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As one of the medicinal herbs recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Epimedium koreanum is a traditional and edible herbal plant with important medicinal and economic values in China. Currently, the plant is harvested in the wild to meet the market demand because of the poor cultivation strategies of E. koreanum, and it has been collected without restriction for a long time, leading to a large reduction of wild resources. The study of genetic diversity of wild populations of E. koreanum would be beneficial for the conservation and development of this species. This study was aimed at analyzing the genetic diversity of 134 plant samples from 14 wild populations in the Jilin and Liaoning Provinces using seven selected primers from inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The results showed that E. koreanum had a high level of genetic diversity and genetic variation intra population rather than inter population, with low gene flow between populations (Ht=0.3034, Hs=0.2189, Gst=0.2784, Nm=1.2960). The above results obtained from the POPGENE software analysis were in general agreement with the AMOVA analysis. A total of 14 E. koreanum populations were classified into two major taxa and five subclassifications. The Mantel test showed a low correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Based on these genetic results, conservation strategies considering the genetic diversity of E. koreanum are needed for areas with low genetic diversity, such as the establishment of nature reserves and appropriate artificial cultivation to maintain the population size.
Effects of Different Polystyrene Concentrations on the Bioaccumulation of As, Cd, and Pb in Ruditapes Philippinarum
Authors: Gao Zhen , Sun Zhe , Wang Deyi , jia yuyu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Microplastics constitute a new type of environmental pollutant with a particle size of less than 5 mm that can combine with heavy metals to enter organisms such as clams, and the impact of the combination of microplastics and heavy metals on the marine organism Ruditapes philippinarum remains unclear. Therefore, this problem is analyzed the effects of different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10% w/w) of polystyrene (PS) and three heavy metals (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)) (20 and 200 µg/L) on the bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in clams, and the effects of time for PS (0, 1, and 5%)-bound As, Cd, and Pb (ACP). We found that different concentrations of PS exerted different effects on the absorption of heavy metals by clams. A low concentration of PS (0.1%, 1%) inhibited heavy-metal bioaccumulation, while a high concentration of PS (5%, 10%) promoted their accumulation. Whether or not PS was added, the concentration of As, Cd, and Pb in clams increased with time. The relative amount bioaccumulated in clams was As > Cd > Pb, and we demonstrated a correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in clams and the concentration of PS in seawater. When exposed to a low concentration of PS, the concentrations of As and Cd in clams diminished with the concentration of PS in sea water; and when exposed to high concentrations of PS, the concentrations of Cd and Pb in clams appeared also to be reduced with increasing PS concentrations.