bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor treatment and survival in interstitial lung disease pulmonary hypertension: A Bayesian retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Dawes Timothy J. W. , McCabe Colm , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Stewart Iain , Bax Simon , Harries Carl , Samaranayake Chinthaka B. , Kempny Aleksander , Molyneaux Philip L. , Seitler Samuel , Semple Thomas , Li Wei , George Peter M. , Kouranos Vasileios , Chua Felix , Renzoni Elisabetta A. , Kokosi Maria , Jenkins Gisli , Wells Athol U. , Wort Stephen J. , Price Laura C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePulmonary hypertension is a life‐limiting complication of interstitial lung disease (ILD‐PH). We investigated whether treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) in patients with ILD‐PH was associated with improved survival.MethodsConsecutive incident patients with ILD‐PH and right heart catheterisation, echocardiography and spirometry data were followed from diagnosis to death, transplantation or censoring with all follow‐up and survival data modelled by Bayesian methods.ResultsThe diagnoses in 128 patients were idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 74, 58%), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 17, 13%), non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (n = 12, 9%), undifferentiated ILD (n = 8, 6%) and other lung diseases (n = 17, 13%). Final outcomes were death (n = 106, 83%), transplantation (n = 9, 7%) and censoring (n = 13, 10%). Patients treated with PDE5i (n = 50, 39%) had higher mean pulmonary artery pressure (median 38 mm Hg [interquartile range, IQR: 34, 43] vs. 35 mm Hg [IQR: 31, 38], p = 0.07) and percentage predicted forced vital capacity (FVC; median 57% [IQR: 51, 73] vs. 52% [IQR: 45, 66], p=0.08) though differences did not reach significance. Patients treated with PDE5i survived longer than untreated patients (median 2.18 years [95% CI: 1.43, 3.04] vs. 0.94 years [0.69, 1.51], p = 0.003) independent of all other prognostic markers by Bayesian joint‐modelling (HR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.59, p < 0.001) and propensity‐matched analyses (HR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.58, p < 0.001). Survival difference with treatment was significantly larger if right ventricular function was normal, rather than abnormal, at presentation (+2.55 years, 95% CI: −0.03, +3.97 vs. +0.98 years, 95% CI: +0.47, +2.00, p = 0.04).ConclusionPDE5i treatment in ILD‐PH should be investigated by a prospective randomized trial.
Local Heat Transfer Measurements for an Impinging Synthetic Jet
Authors: Li Alex , Zhu Rui , Simon Terrence 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research results demonstrate the heat transfer effectiveness of an impinging synthetic jet toward cooling a plane normal to it. The utility of the synthetic jet lies in that the supply of coolant comes from the device itself as an alternating jetting flow that emerges from a plenum followed by a sink flow that returns to that same plenum. Experiments reported herein were conducted with the synthetic jet driven by an oscillating diaphragm powered by a rotating cam to expel fluid from the plenum out of a single hole, then return it through the same hole. The frequency of diaphragm oscillation and the distance from the synthetic jet's orifice to the surface being cooled are varied in the test program to determine their effects on cooling performance. A numerical study agrees with the results given by the experiment and flow visualization utilizing a smoke generator supports the data and numerical results. The local, time-average Nusselt numbers were measured in the experiment using the thermochromic liquid crystal technique and air as coolant. The color display of each test case was recorded with a fisheye camera. In the case of the highest frequency and shortest distance from orifice to cooled plate, a Nusselt number of nearly 40 was achieved within the central region of the cooled plate when the Reynolds number based upon jet maximum velocity and orifice diameter was 7500 and the distance from the orifice to cooled plate was 3.2 orifice diameters.
Performance Analysis of Central Processing Unit Heat Sinks Fitted With Perforation Technique and Splitter Inserts
Authors: Bencherif Brahim , Sahel Djamel , Benzeguir Redouane , Ameur Houari 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The increase in the heat dissipation rate in heat sinks (HSs), the reduction of the occupied volume and mass, and the elimination of the lower heat transfer areas (LHTAs) behind the pins are the main parameters to be controlled in HSs design. For this purpose, this study is devoted to numerically investigating the effect of the combination between perforation technique and splitters inserts on the heat dissipation and turbulent fluid flow characteristics of pin fins heat sinks (PFHSs). The splitter is located in the back of the pin, and the cylindrical pin fins heat sinks (CPFHSs) are perforated with different pairs of hole numbers. These configurations are named PFHS-0 (without perforation) to PFHS-5. The results obtained for the PFHS-5 show an increase in Nusselt number by 34.91% and a reduction in the thermal resistance by 24.22%, compared with CPFHSs. For the same conditions, the occupied volume and mass of this case are also reduced by 70% and 47.5%, respectively. In addition, the PFHS-5 case ensures the highest hydrothermal performance factor (HTPF) of 1.42 at Re = 8,740.
Guide for interpreting and reporting luminescence dating results
Authors: Mahan Shannon A. , Rittenour Tammy M. , Nelson Michelle S. , Ataee Nina , Brown Nathan , DeWitt Regina , Durcan Julie , Evans Mary , Feathers James , Frouin Marine , Guérin Guillaume , Heydari Maryam , Huot Sebastien , Jain Mayank , Keen-Zebert Amanda , Li Bo , López Gloria I. , Neudorf Christina , Porat Naomi , Rodrigues Kathleen , Sawakuchi Andre Oliveira , Spencer Joel Q.G. , Thomsen Kristina 
Published: September 2022

The development and application of luminescence dating and dosimetry techniques have grown exponentially in the last several decades. Luminescence methods provide age control for a broad range of geological and archaeological contexts and can characterize mineral and glass properties linked to geologic origin, Earth-surface processes, and past exposure to light, heat, and ionizing radiation. The applicable age range for luminescence methods spans the last 500,000 years or more, which covers the period of modern human evolution, and provides context for rates and magnitudes of geological processes, hazards, and climate change. Given the growth in applications and publications of luminescence data, there is a need for unified, community-driven guidance regarding the publication and interpretation of luminescence results.
This paper presents a guide to the essential information necessary for publishing and archiving luminescence ages as well as supporting data that is transportable and expandable for different research objectives and publication outlets. We outline the information needed for the interpretation of luminescence data sets, including data associated with equivalent dose, dose rate, age models, and stratigraphic context. A brief review of the fundamentals of luminescence techniques and applications, including guidance on sample collection and insight into laboratory processing and analysis steps, is presented to provide context for publishing and data archiving.
Posthumanism vs. Transhumanism: From the “End of Exceptionalism” to “Technological Humanism”
Authors: Merzlyakov S. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Posthumanism and transhumanism are often identified. However, modern researchers indicate the fundamental difference between these intellectual schools. The fundamental idea of posthumanism is the rejection of biological, ethical, and ontological anthropocentrism. Transhumanism focuses on changing and improving natural human characteristics through biological, technological, and cognitive modifications. While posthumanism draws attention to the crisis of humanism, transhumanism is the latter’s heir. Scientific and ethical consequences of posthumanism, as well as the sociocultural potential of transhumanism, are considered in this article. Posthumanism carries risks of shifting the value focus from man to other objects, which in the long term can lead to a critical decrease in the value status of man. Transhumanism has the potential to preserve man as an effective economic and cognizing agent. It is suggested that Russian society has a sociocultural potential for moving towards “technological humanism.”
The Official Development Assistance Policy of the European Union in the Post-Soviet Space: Geopolitical Factors
Authors: Sutyrin V. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The structure, priorities, conceptual framework, methods, and resources of EU policies in the Official Development Assistance (ODA) program are considered. Research shows that the EU funding of ODA programs for the post-Soviet space hiked fourfold between 2010 and 2020. The share of funding for Central Asian states decreased substantially compared to the Western part of the post-Soviet space against the background of confrontation with Russia, as well as due to presidential elections in Belarus. This paper argues that this redistribution is caused by geopolitical factors of EU policy. A conclusion is drawn that the recent declarations by the EU leadership about strengthening the “hard” power and the “geopolitical” agenda are not new and reflect long-term trends in EU foreign policy. Thus, a significant share of ODA funds is traditionally allocated to “social infrastructure,” strengthening Brussels’ control over the sociopolitical sphere in target countries of the periphery, aiming to bring them under EU influence in the economy, governance, goal setting, and ideology. This policy serves the interests of the EU, entrenching asymmetrical “metropole–periphery” relations between the EU and target counties.
Digitization of Society: Alternative Projections of the Future
Authors: Travkina N. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The impact of digitization on four spheres of society, i.e., economic, political, social, and spiritual, is analyzed. Digitization is defined as the diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) that can bring about both positive (legitimate) and negative (wrongful) effects. At the same time, today the digitization of public spheres directly involves the component of ensuring the digital security of society, which is becoming increasingly global in character. Cyber wars and cyber attacks cause economic damage on a global scale, amounting to six trillion dollars US annually, which is commensurate with the economic losses of wartime. Large-scale digitization of public spheres for the first time in human history creates an objective opportunity for constructing and designing future social states, which makes a fundamental difference between the course of future socio-economic and political processes and the historical evolution of the previous eras. This gave rise to a dichotomy of virtual utopias and dystopias of Future projects. Dystopias are inspired by visions of the coming “digital slavery,” while utopias focus on visions of a “digital paradise.” Polarized views on the digital Future are based on the processes of the “digital divide,” the meaning of which is that digitization contributes to a significant increase in inequality in access to digital goods, which in turn results in a growing inequality in the distribution of income and wealth. The coronavirus pandemic promoted a powerful acceleration of digitization processes, which acted as a form of society’s adaptation to its stresses and harmful consequences. Digitization has made social distancing possible and cost-effective. At the same time, the pandemic was conducive to a colossal increase in the economic power and political influence of digital corporations, which objectively requires a sharp increase in the regulatory role of the state, which should put digitization under effective public control.
Urinary tract obstruction in the second trimester: a report of an incarcerated gravid uterus
Authors: Morais Mariana , Moura Mário , Correia Ana , Fan Yida 
Published: September 2022

Incarceration of the gravid uterus (IGU) is a rare obstetric disorder that may lead to pregnancy-related complications. Acute urinary retention (AUR) is one of the associated symptoms in IGU and it is mostly observed in the first semester and early second trimester. A case of a woman, in her 30s, is described, who presented AUR and lower abdominal pain in the early second trimester. The diagnosis was confirmed upon pelvic examination, and abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound. Management included long-term bladder catheterisation, manual reduction manoeuvres and passive positioning manoeuvres at home. At 24 weeks of gestation, the uterus returned in its correct polarity, the Foley catheter was removed and the patient was able to void spontaneously. A healthy infant was delivered vaginally at term.No specific guidelines have been published for IGU treatment. However, prompt diagnosis and tight follow-up of these patients are essential to define strategies, reduce complications and prevent recurrences.
Enhancing the BOADICEA cancer risk prediction model to incorporate new data onRAD51C,RAD51D,BARD1updates to tumour pathology and cancer incidence
Authors: Lee Andrew , Mavaddat Nasim , Cunningham Alex , Carver Tim , Ficorella Lorenzo , Archer Stephanie , Walter Fiona M , Tischkowitz Marc , Roberts Jonathan , Usher-Smith Juliet , Simard Jacques , Schmidt Marjanka K , Devilee Peter , Zadnik Vesna , Jürgens Hannes , Mouret-Fourme Emmanuelle , De Pauw Antoine , Rookus Matti , Mooij Thea M , Pharoah Paul PD , Easton Douglas F , Antoniou Antonis C 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundBOADICEA (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm) for breast cancer and the epithelial tubo-ovarian cancer (EOC) models included in the CanRisk tool (www.canrisk.org) provide future cancer risks based on pathogenic variants in cancer-susceptibility genes, polygenic risk scores, breast density, questionnaire-based risk factors and family history. Here, we extend the models to include the effects of pathogenic variants in recently established breast cancer and EOC susceptibility genes, up-to-date age-specific pathology distributions and continuous risk factors.MethodsBOADICEA was extended to further incorporate the associations of pathogenic variants inBARD1,RAD51CandRAD51Dwith breast cancer risk. The EOC model was extended to include the association ofPALB2pathogenic variants with EOC risk. Age-specific distributions of oestrogen-receptor-negative and triple-negative breast cancer status for pathogenic variant carriers in these genes andCHEK2andATMwere also incorporated. A novel method to include continuous risk factors was developed, exemplified by including adult height as continuous.ResultsBARD1,RAD51CandRAD51Dexplain 0.31% of the breast cancer polygenic variance. When incorporated into the multifactorial model, 34%–44% of these carriers would be reclassified to the near-population and 15%–22% to the high-risk categories based on the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. Under the EOC multifactorial model, 62%, 35% and 3% ofPALB2carriers have lifetime EOC risks of <5%, 5%–10% and >10%, respectively. Including height as continuous, increased the breast cancer relative risk variance from 0.002 to 0.010.ConclusionsThese extensions will allow for better personalised risks forBARD1,RAD51C,RAD51DandPALB2pathogenic variant carriers and more informed choices on screening, prevention, risk factor modification or other risk-reducing options.
Synergy of a virulent phage (φAB182) with antibiotics leading to successful elimination of biofilms formed by MDR Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Vashisth Medhavi , Yashveer Shikha , Jaglan Anu Bala , Virmani Nitin , Bera Bidhan Chand , Vaid Rajesh Kumar , Anand Taruna 
Published: September 2022

Emergence of multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and a withering drug discovery pipeline necessitates the search for effective alternatives to replace or synergize with currently used antibiotics. In this report, we have described the synergy assessment of a virulent Acinetobacter baumannii phage φAB182 with a wide range of antibiotics. Myophage φAB182 was isolated from sewage against MDR A. baumannii and exhibited maximum stability at 25 °C and pH 7. It also had a short latent period of 9 min with a large burst size of 287. The phylogenetic analysis of its major capsid protein gene indicated an 84.15% similarity to the lytic A. baumannii phage Acj9. In the presence of antibiotics, phage φAB182 showed the highest synergy ( p < 0.0001) with colistin, followed by polymixin B, ceftazidime and cefotaxime and this synergistic effect was further validated by time kill kinetics. The combined action of phage φAB182 with colistin, polymixin B, ceftazidime and cefotaxime was also synergistic for the eradication of biofilms formed by A. baumannii as measured by MBECcombination/MBECantibiotic values (<0.25). We thus propose bacteriophage φAB182 as a potential antibacterial candidate in combination therapy. The findings from this study strongly support the use of phage antibiotic synergy for the successful treatment of biofilm forming MDR A. baumannii infections.
Ex Vivo Study Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Identify Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Disease in Human Cadaveric Carotid Arteries
Authors: Tornifoglio Brooke , Stone Alan J. , Kerskens Christian , Lally Caitríona 
Published: September 2022

Background:
This study aims to address the potential of ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging to provide insight into the microstructural composition and morphological arrangement of aged human atherosclerotic carotid arteries.

Methods:
In this study, whole human carotid arteries were investigated both anatomically and by comparing healthy and diseased regions. Nonrigid image registration was used with unsupervised segmentation to investigate the influence of elastin, collagen, cell density, glycosaminoglycans, and calcium on diffusion tensor imaging derived metrics (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity). Early stage atherosclerotic features were also investigated in terms of microstructural components and diffusion tensor imaging metrics.

Results:

All vessels displayed a dramatic decrease in fractional anisotropy compared with healthy animal arterial tissue, while the mean diffusivity was sensitive to regions of advanced disease. Elastin content strongly correlated with both fractional anisotropy (r>0.7,
P
<0.001) and mean diffusivity (r>−0.79,
P
<0.0002), and the thickened intima was also distinguishable from arterial media by these metrics.

Conclusions:
These different investigations point to the potential of diffusion tensor imaging to identify characteristics of arterial disease progression, at early and late-stage lesion development.
Disruption of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum‐Mitochondrial Contacts Underlies Contractile Dysfunction in Experimental and Human Atrial Fibrillation: A Key Role of Mitofusin 2
Authors: Li Jin , Qi Xi , Ramos Kennedy S. , Lanters Eva , Keijer Jaap , de Groot Natasja , Brundel Bianca , Zhang Deli 
Published: September 2022

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common and progressive tachyarrhythmia. Diabetes is a common risk factor for AF. Recent research findings revealed that microtubule network disruption underlies AF. The microtubule network mediates the contact between sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, 2 essential organelles for normal cardiomyocyte function. Therefore, disruption of the microtubule network may impair sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial contacts (SRMCs) and subsequently cardiomyocyte function. The current study aims to determine whether microtubule‐mediated SRMCs disruption underlies diabetes‐associated AF.

Methods and Results

Tachypacing (mimicking AF) and high glucose (mimicking diabetes) significantly impaired contractile function in HL‐1 cardiomyocytes (loss of calcium transient) and
Drosophila
(reduced heart rate and increased arrhythmia), both of which were prevented by microtubule stabilizers. Furthermore, both tachypacing and high glucose significantly reduced SRMCs and the key SRMC tether protein mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and resulted in consequent mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which were prevented by microtubule stabilizers. In line with pharmacological interventions with microtubule stabilizers, cardiac‐specific knockdown of MFN2 induced arrhythmia in
Drosophila
and overexpression of MFN2 prevented tachypacing‐ and high glucose–induced contractile dysfunction in HL‐1 cardiomyocytes and/or
Drosophila
. Consistently, SRMCs/MFN2 levels were significantly reduced in right atrial appendages of patients with persistent AF compared with control patients, which was aggravated in patients with diabetes.

Conclusions
SRMCs may play a critical role in clinical AF, especially diabetes‐related AF. Furthermore, SRMCs can be regulated by microtubules and MFN2, which represent novel potential therapeutic targets for AF.
Procedural Safety Comparison Between Transcarotid Artery Revascularization, Carotid Endarterectomy, and Carotid Stenting: Perioperative and 1‐Year Rates of Stroke or Death
Authors: Columbo Jesse A. , Martinez‐Camblor Pablo , Stone David H. , Goodney Philip P. , O'Malley A. James 
Published: September 2022

Background
Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015 for patients with carotid artery stenosis. However, no randomized trial to evaluate TCAR has been performed to date, and previous reports have important limitations. Accordingly, we measured stroke or death after TCAR compared with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TF‐CAS).

Methods and Results

We used the Vascular Quality Initiative registry to study patients who underwent TCAR, CEA, or TF‐CAS from September 2016 to June 2021. Our primary outcomes were perioperative and 1‐year stroke or death. We used logistic regression for risk adjustment for perioperative outcomes and Cox regression for risk adjustment for 1‐year outcomes. We used a 2‐stage residual inclusion instrumental variable (IV) method to adjust for selection bias and other unmeasured confounding. Our instrument was a center's preference to perform TCAR versus CEA or TF‐CAS. We performed a subgroup analysis stratified by presenting neurologic symptoms. We studied 21 234 patients who underwent TCAR, 82 737 who underwent CEA, and 14 595 who underwent TF‐CAS across 662 centers. The perioperative rate of stroke or death was 2.0% for TCAR, 1.7% for CEA, and 3.7% for TF‐CAS (
P
<0.001). Compared with TCAR, the IV‐adjusted odds ratio of perioperative stroke or death for CEA was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.55–0.99) and for TF‐CAS was 1.66 (95% CI, 0.99–2.79). Results were similar among both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The 1‐year rate of stroke or death was 6.4% for TCAR, 5.2% for CEA, and 9.7% for TF‐CAS (
P
<0.001). Compared with TCAR, the IV‐adjusted hazard ratio of 1 year stroke or death for CEA was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.80–1.17), and for TF‐CAS was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.04–2.02). IV analysis further demonstrated that symptomatic patients with carotid stenosis had the lowest 1‐year likelihood of stroke or death with TCAR (compared with TCAR, symptomatic IV‐adjusted hazard ratio for CEA: 1.30 [95% CI, 1.04–1.64], and TF‐CAS: 1.86 [95% CI, 1.27–2.71]).

Conclusions
Perioperative stroke or death was greater following TCAR when compared with CEA. However, at 1 year there was no statistically significant difference in stroke or death between the 2 procedures. TCAR performed favorably compared with TF‐CAS at both time points. Although CEA remains the gold standard procedure for patients with carotid stenosis, TCAR appears to be a safe alternative to CEA and TF‐CAS when used selectively and may be useful when treating symptomatic patients.