bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Big Data Cure Risk Selection in Healthcare Capitation Program? A Game Theoretical Analysis
Authors: She Zhaowei , Ayer Turgay , Montanera Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Problem definition: This paper analyzes a market design problem in Medicare Advantage (MA), the largest risk-adjusted capitation payment program in the U.S. healthcare market. Evidence exists that the current MA capitation payment program unintentionally incentivizes health plans to cherry pick profitable patient types, which is referred to as “risk selection”. However, the root causes of the risk selection are not comprehensively understood, which we study in this paper. Academic / Practical Relevance: The existing literature primarily attributes the observed risk selection in MA market to data limitations and low explanatory power (e.g. low R2) of the current risk adjustment design. As a result, the current understanding and expectation are that risk selection would gradually disappear over time with increased availability of big data. However, if informationally imperfect risk adjustment is not the only cause of risk selection, big data would provide false assurance to key stakeholders, which we investigate in this paper. Given that risk-adjusted capitation payment models have been increasingly adopted by payers in the U.S., our study would be of primary interest to payers, providers and policy makers in the healthcare market. Results: This paper shows that big data alone cannot cure risk selection in the MA capitation program. In particular, we show that even if the current MA risk adjustment design became informationally perfect (e.g. R2 = 1), health plans would still have incentives to conduct risk selection, as imperfect risk adjustment is not the only cause of risk selection in the MA market. More specifically, we show that incentives would continue to persist for risk selection in the age of big data through strategically subsidizing some subgroups of patients using capitation payments collected from other subgroups, which we call “risk selection induced by cross subsidization.” We further propose a simple mechanism to address this risk selection problem induced by cross subsidization in MA. Methodology: We construct a game-theoretical model to derive the MA capitation rates under informationally perfect risk adjustment, and show that these capitation rates cannot eliminate risk selection in MA. Managerial Implications: To eliminate risk selection, payers should modify their current capitation mechanisms to take into account the cross subsidization incentives, as proposed in this paper. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1127 .
ISSM-ELM – a guide star selection for a small-FOV star sensor based on the improved SSM and extreme learning machine
Authors: Zhu ZiJian , Ma YueBo , Dan BingBing , Zhao RuJin , Liu EnHai , Zhu ZiFa 
Published: July 2022

The construction of a guide star catalog is crucial for a star sensor
to achieve accurate star map recognition and attitude determination.
At present, the methods of a guide star catalog for a large field of
view (FOV) star sensor have been relatively mature. However, for a
small-FOV star sensor, there are still certain problems, such as a
large storage capacity of a guide star catalog, uneven distribution of
stars, and easy occurrence of voids. To address these problems, we
propose a construction method of a small-FOV star sensor guide star
catalog based on the combination of the improved spherical spiral
method (ISSM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) named the ISSM-ELM.
First, a spiral reference point is used as an optical axis pointing of
the star sensor, and the guide stars are preliminarily screened based
on the star-diagonal distance between the star and the reference
point, and the star-density and magnitude characteristics of the guide
star. Then the ELM is used to supplement the guide star empty sky area
to construct an integrity guide star catalog. The experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the storage capacity
of the guide star catalog and improve its uniformity, integrity, and
average brightness.
Impact of COVID-19 on the social relationships and mental health of older adults living alone: A two-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Ryu So Im , Park Yeon-Hwan , Kim Jinhyun , Huh Iksoo , Chang Sun Ju , Jang Soong-Nang , Noh Eun-Young 
Published: July 2022

Background
Owing to the COVID-19 outbreak, older adults living alone, who can only connect socially outside their homes, are at risk of social isolation and poor mental health. This study aimed to identify the changes, before and after COVID-19, by sex and age, in social relationships (social activity, social network, and social support) and mental health (depression and suicide ideation) among older adults living alone.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults who were at least 65 years old and living alone in South Korea. The study was conducted during 2018–2020 with 2,291 participants (795, 771, and 725 for the 1st to 3rd waves, respectively). The data were collected via face-to-face interviews. A generalized linear mixed modeling framework was used to test for changes over three years.

Results
Social activity was reduced after the COVID-19, with an interaction effect of sex: older women (odds ratio [OR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.23; p < .001) showed greater reduction than older men (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.34–0.75; p < .001). Interaction with neighbors also reduced after the pandemic, but there was no significant evidence of interaction effects. Interaction with family members increased in both sexes during the pandemic, with the interaction effect of sex: older women (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.11–1.76; p = .004) showed greater increase than men (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.13–2.14; p = .007). Social support increased in both sexes during the pandemic, but there was no significant evidence of interaction effects. Depression and suicide ideation showed no significant differences before and after the pandemic.

Conclusions
The findings provide health administrators and health providers with explorative insights into the impact of the COVID-19 on social relationships and mental health among older adults living alone and can guide further studies of interventions considering specific properties of social relationships.
Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of physical exercise and melatonin supplement on treating sleep disturbance in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Tse Andy Choi Yeung , Lee Paul Hong , Lau Esther Yuet Ying , Cheng James Ching Hei , Ho Amy Wing Yin , Lai Elvis Wing Him 
Published: July 2022

Background
Previous study showed that both melatonin supplement and physical exercise intervention could improve sleep quality in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with the increase in endogenous melatonin level. However, none of the studies have directly compared the effectiveness between the two interventions on treating sleep disturbance in children with ASD. Without direct comparison, we do not know which intervention is better. Thus, we designed a study to compare which intervention is more effective to treat sleep disturbance in children with ASD and to examine whether the combination of the two could be the most efficacious. We present a protocol for conducting a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of physical exercise and melatonin supplement on treating sleep disturbance in children with ASD.

Study design
The proposed study will be a four-group randomised control trial (RCT) design, with equal allocation of participants to the three intervention groups and one control group.

Methods
All eligible participants will be randomly allocated to a morning jogging group, a melatonin supplement group, a combination group and a control group. Changes in sleep quality will be monitored through actigraphic assessment and parental sleep logs. Melatonin levels represented by 6-sulfoxymelatonin will be measured from the participants’ 24-h and the first morning void urinary samples. All the assessments will be carried out before the intervention (T1), in the mid of the study (5 weeks after the commencement of the study) (T2) and after the 10-week intervention (T3). Level of statistical significance will be set at 5% (i.e. p < .05). The results of this trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journal.

Findings
The findings will provide evidence to determine whether physical exercise or melatonin supplement or the combination of interventions is the most effective to treat sleep disturbance in children with ASD.
Cholera diagnosis in human stool and detection in water: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Falconer Jennifer , Diaconu Karin , O’May Fiona , Gummaraju Advaith , Victor-Uadiale Ifeyinwa , Matragrano Joseph , Njanpop-Lafourcade Berthe-Marie , Ager Alastair 
Published: July 2022

Background
Cholera continues to pose a problem for low-resource, fragile and humanitarian contexts. Evidence suggests that 2.86 million cholera cases and 95,000 deaths due to cholera are reported annually. Without quick and effective diagnosis and treatment, case-fatality may be 50%. In line with the priorities of the Global Task Force on Cholera Control, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy and other test characteristics of current tests for cholera detection in stool and water.

Methods
We searched 11 bibliographic and grey literature databases. Data was extracted on test sensitivity, specificity and other product information. Meta-analyses of sensitivity and specificity were conducted for tests reported in three or more studies. Where fewer studies reported a test, estimates were summarised through narrative synthesis. Risk of Bias was assessed using QUADAS-2.

Results
Searches identified 6,637 records; 41 studies reporting on 28 tests were included. Twenty-two tests had both sensitivities and specificities reported above 95% by at least one study, but there was, overall, wide variation in reported diagnostic accuracy across studies. For the three tests where meta-analyses were possible the highest sensitivity meta-estimate was found in the Cholera Screen test (98.6%, CI: 94.7%-99.7%) and the highest specificity meta-estimate in the Crystal VC on enriched samples (98.3%, CI: 92.8%-99.6%). There was a general lack of evidence regarding field use of tests, but where presented this indicated trends for lower diagnostic accuracy in field settings, with lesser-trained staff, and without the additional process of sample enrichment. Where reported, mean test turnaround times ranged from over 50% to 130% longer than manufacturer’s specification. Most studies had a low to unclear risk of bias.

Conclusions
Currently available Rapid Diagnostic Tests can potentially provide high diagnostic and detection capability for cholera. However, stronger evidence is required regarding the conditions required to secure these levels of accuracy in field use, particularly in low-resource settings.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42016048428).
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the incidence of diseases and the provision of primary care: A registry-based study
Authors: Van den Bulck Steve , Crèvecoeur Jonas , Aertgeerts Bert , Delvaux Nicolas , Neyens Thomas , Van Pottelbergh Gijs , Coursier Patrick , Vaes Bert 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
The Covid-19 pandemic had a tremendous impact on healthcare but uncertainty remains about the extent to which primary care provision was affected. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the impact on primary care provision and the evolution of the incidence of disease during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic in Flanders (Belgium).

Methods
Care provision was defined as the number of new entries added to a patient’s medical history. Pre-pandemic care provision (February 1, 2018–January 31, 2020) was compared with care provision during the pandemic (February 1, 2020-January 31, 2021). A large morbidity registry (Intego) was used. Regression models compared the effect of demographic characteristics on care provision and on acute and chronic diagnoses incidence both prior and during the pandemic.

Results
During the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, overall care provision increased with 9.1% (95%CI 8.5%;9.6%). There was an increase in acute diagnoses of 5.1% (95%CI 4.2%;6.0%) and a decrease in the selected chronic diagnoses of 12.8% (95% CI 7.0%;18.4%). Obesity was an exception with an overall incidence increase. The pandemic led to strong fluctuations in care provision that were not the same for all types of care and all demographic groups in Flanders. Relative to other groups in the population, the pandemic caused a reduction in care provision for children aged 0–17 year and patients from a lower socio-economic situation.

Conclusion
This paper strengthened the claim that Covid-19 should be considered as a syndemic instead of a pandemic. During the first Covid-19 year, overall care provision and the incidence of acute diagnoses increased, whereas chronic diseases’ incidence decreased, except for obesity diagnoses which increased. More granular, care provision and chronic diseases’ incidence decreased during the lockdowns, especially for people with a lower socio-economic status. After the lockdowns they both returned to baseline.
Exploratory and confirmatory analysis to identify airports and airlines characteristics as factors influencing domestic passenger traffic in Nigeria
Authors: Adenigbo Adedotun Joseph , Ofumwengbe Osahenrumwen , Kanyio Olufunto Adedotun 
Published: July 2022

Passenger traffic at airports is characterised by fluctuations resulting from the influence of several factors. The influence of each factor is different, leading to unpredictable passenger traffic patterns that make planning difficult. Previous studies used geographic, demographic, and economic variables as exploratory factors to examine air travel demand. The study explores several variables to confirm airports and airlines’ characteristics as demand factors for domestic air travel in Nigeria. Data for the study were collected by administering a questionnaire to respondents at major domestic airports in Nigeria. The variables were presented in the 5-point Likert Scale for respondents to rank in order of significance. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were employed to identify the significant factors affecting passenger traffic at domestic airports in Nigeria. EFA reduced fifteen variables to four orthogonal factors influencing passenger traffic at domestic airports. CFA validates airport and airline services, demographics, economic factors, and airport size and facilities as significant factors affecting passenger traffic at domestic airports in Nigeria. The model fit test shows CMIN/DF = 2.263; CFI = 0.940; GFI = 0.929; NFI = 0.901; and RMSEA = 0.078. The result identifies airport and airline characteristics as factors influencing passenger traffic at the domestic airport in any country. It implies that airport and airline characteristics significantly influence domestic air traffic and needs to be included in modelling. Identifying airport and airline characteristics as air travel determinants make this study unique for policy decisions to forecast domestic passenger traffic in a country.
Drone technology and performance of retail logistics
Authors: Muricho Michael Wanjala , Mogaka Conrad Ochego 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this research study was to explore drone technology and performance of retail logistics by offering academic and practical benefits, explaining the preceding, and recommending a research plan based on a conceptual framework for drone technology and performance of retail logistics. A literature review has been created to assist today's retail logistics managers and researchers in scrutinizing what has been previously researched and what needs to be explored. From the standpoint of retail logistics, the study adds to our knowledge of drone technology as it relates to the performance of retail logistics and the constraints of future research. This study utilized a systematic literature review to design a suggested conceptual framework for a research agenda on drone technology and performance of retail logistics. The research paper provides insights into deficiencies in the drone technology, along with performance of retail logistics literature. The research paper explicitly recommends exploring the drone technology as it relates to expected and actual performance of retail logistics. This article contributes to the literature in a number of ways. To begin with, it provides the first comprehensive succinct synopsis of the essential concepts in the drone technology and retail logistics. Second, the impact of retail logistics in the growth of the economy. Third, the application of drone technology in retail logistics. Fourth, unnoticed challenges in retail logistics are then exposed as ideas for potential research. Finally, the technique utilized to conduct the systematic literature review can be used as a model for prospective researchers when conducting similar research. Contemporary research is aimed at providing a research group that address the needs of adopting the current technology on the performance of retail logistics. For performance of retail logistics, the article presents a suggested conceptual framework for drone technology and performance of retail logistics.
Does Time Matter? Identifying Levels of Community College Student Engagement Based on Length of Instructor-Created Videos in Online Classes
Authors: Morgan Patrice , Kaplan Vladyslava , Kirshner Amanda 
Published: July 2022

With the rising popularity of online classes in higher education, keeping students engaged and developing effective methods of delivering content has become more challenging. One of the most used teaching and learning tools in online education is instructor-created videos. Various studies show that the majority of students favorably view the integration of instructor-created video content in online courses. Speculation continues to remain about how to effectively design video lessons to maximize their efficiency and increase the level of student engagement and overall academic performance.
The current study examines students’ perceptions of instructor-created videos, with an emphasis on the preferred length of the videos. Google survey forms were created and distributed among students who are enrolled in Behavioral Science courses. The survey was completed by a diverse group of 159 online students. Participants were asked to identify academic engagement in their own words and share their personal experience with online classes, as well as answer more specific questions such as if instructor-created videos were used in the course, how long they were, and if the length of the videos determined whether students watched them or not. Findings indicated that while students prefer shorter videos, they would watch longer video lectures as long as they were required for the grade. The majority of responders found the use of instructor-created videos in the course helpful. These findings will allow researchers to offer the faculty a recommendation for the future effective use of instructor-created videos in online courses.
Whose Realism? Which Legitimacy? Ideologies of Domination and Post-Rawlsian Political Theory
Authors: Roberts William Clare 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is something amiss about post-Rawlsian efforts to bring political theory down to earth by insisting upon the political primacy of the question of legitimacy, peace, or order. The intuition driving much realism seems to be that we must first agree to get along, and only then can we get down to the business of pursuing justice. I argue that the ideological narratives of the powerful pose a political problem for this primacy of legitimacy thesis. To prioritize the achievement of democratic legitimacy seems to make sense only to the extent that we already live in a world in which systematic domination—and its ideological baggage—has been stamped out. I draw on the social study of domination for the sake of combatting in political theory the temptation to focus on the static design of the constitutional state at the expense of ignoring or even condemning the social processes that motivate legal and constitutional changes.
Der digitale TestDaF: Aufbruch in neue Dimensionen des Sprachtestens
Authors: Kecker Gabriele , Eckes Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklungsphasen des digitalen TestDaF und zeigt, wie die neuen Aufgabentypen zusammen mit einer komplett digitalisierten Durchführung den Bezug zum Hochschulkontext und zum GER stärken. Der Beitrag geht im Detail auf das Testkonzept, das Testformat und die im Lesen, Hören, Schreiben und Sprechen verwendeten Aufgabentypen ein. Innovative Ansätze und Methoden der Leistungsbewertung und Ergebnisermittlung kommen ebenso zur Sprache wie ihre Umsetzung in der Praxis. Abschließend werden Perspektiven der Forschung zum digitalen TestDaF aufgezeigt und Bezüge zur aktuellen Sprachtestforschung diskutiert.
Camera trapping arboreal mammals in Argentina’s Atlantic Forest
Authors: Agostini Ilaria , Pizzio Esteban , Varela Diego , Iezzi María Eugenia , Cruz Paula , Paviolo Agustín , Di Bitetti Mario S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Canopy camera trapping is being increasingly used to characterize assemblages of arboreal mammals. In this study we compared, for the first time, the assemblage of arboreal mammals of the Atlantic Forest, surveyed using canopy camera trapping at two protected areas of Misiones, Argentina: Piñalito (11 camera-trap stations) and Cruce Caballero (9 stations), with the assemblage recorded at ground-level with a camera-trapping survey conducted at another protected area, the nearby private reserve Valle del Alegría (18 stations). We calculated the number of independent photo-events for each species and site, and we built species rank abundance curves to compare the recorded species diversity among sites. We recorded six mammal species at Piñalito and Cruce Caballero, and 23 at Valle del Alegría. Canopy-survey sites showed lower diversity but a different and non-nested species composition when compared to the ground-level survey. One of the most frequently recorded species in the canopy, the brown-eared woolly opossum, Caluromys lanatus, categorized as Vulnerable in Argentina, has not been photographed in ground-level camera-trap surveys in Misiones before. Our results suggest that canopy camera trapping represents a robust method to sample arboreal species that are missed in ground-level camera-trap surveys, thus improving forest species inventories.