bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN MAHASISWA DALAM PENDIDIKAN DAN PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN PADA ANAK-ANAK
Authors: Mulianti Salsabila , Nurkhasanah Rahma , Fitriyah Ni’mah Nur Aida , Rayhan Dean Farrell , Hidayat Ade Ray , Arum Dewi Puspa 
Published: August 2022

Penyabaran covid-19 telah membawa dampak bagi segala bidang tidak terkecuali bidang pendidikan, dengan adanya penyebaran covid-19 sistem pembelajaran berubah menjadi daring. Setelah sistem ini dijalankan terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi seperti minat berlajar yang mulai menurun. Awal tahun 2022 dimana kasus Covid 19 mengalami penurunan drastis. Setelah penurunan ini kebijakan pembelajaran berubah menjadi tatap muka, setelah lama menggunakan sistem daring terdapat beberapa kendala yang dialami para murid seperti mereka harus mulai beradaptasi lagi dengan sistem luring. Metode yang menurut kelompok KKN 41 UPN Vetaran Jawa Timur merupakan metode demontrasi. Bentuk kegiatan program taman belajar ini adalah mengajar di balai RT, kelompok KKN 41 menciptakan lingkungan kelas yang nyaman, memberikan hadiah, mengakrabkan diri , membuat beberapa games dan pembelajaran bertanam vertikultur.
PEMANFAATAN JAGUNG SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MINYAK GORENG DAN UPAYA PENINGKATAN INCOME MASYARAKAT DI DESA SOJOMERTO
Authors: Marlini Marlini , Khoirunisa Khoirunisa , Cahyanti Irawati Dwi 
Published: August 2022

Minyak goreng merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok yang dibutuhkan oleh banyak orang, terutama digunakan dalam pengolahan bahan makanan. Minyak berfungsi sebagai media penghantar panas dari api kompor ke makanan, dan juga sebagai penambah cita rasa makanan agar menjadi lebih gurih. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pembuatan minyak sudah dilakukan salah satunya bertempat di Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat lingkungan desa agar dapat memanfaatkan jagung yang melimpah sebagai bahan dasar untuk pembuatan minyak. Minyak jagung mempunyai nilai gizi yang sangat tinggi yaitu sekitar 250 kilo kalori/ons selain itu minyak jagung ini juga berpotensi untuk menjauhkan dari risiko penyakit kronis, salah satunya adalah penyakit jantung. Maka dari itu kita menghadirkan minyak yang terbuat dari bahan jagung dan mengenalkan minyak sehat dengan sumber utama bahan yang sangat melimpah dan mudah diperoleh. Sektor yang memiliki ladang jagung yang sangat luas di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dapat di jumpai di Desa Sojomerto, Kabupaten Kendal. Adapun cara pembuatan minyak menggunakan bahan jagung yang sudah di pipil dan dikeringkan, dalam beberapa percobaan kurang lebih dari 50 kg jagung akan diperoleh 1 liter minyak goreng. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi vegetablelecithin dari minyak jagung melalui proses waterdegumming.
PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS TERNAK POTONG MELALUI PENYEDIAAN PAKAN FERMENTASI DAN PENCEGAHAN PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT MULUT DAN KUKU DI KELOMPOK TANI SAPAKEK BASAMO KOTA SOLOK
Authors: Surtina Dara , Sari Rica Mega , Astuti Tri , Akbar Syahro Ali , Hendri John , Asri Alfian 
Published: August 2022

Sapakek Basamo adalah satu kelompok tani ternak yang berada di Rimbo Berantai Kelurahan Tanah Garam Kecamatan Lubuk Sikarah Kota Solok yang berdiri sejak tahun 2019. Jenis usaha yang dijalankan adalah pegembangan usaha ternak sapi pembibitan dan penggemukan sapi potong unggul jenis Simmental. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kelompok tani ternak selama ini adalah masih rendahnya ketersediaan pakan yang berkualitas serta rendahnya ilmu pengetahuan tentang upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit pada ternak sapi baik pada kelompok sapi pembibitan maupun sapi penggemukan. Umumnya pemberian pakan berupa hijauan rumput lapangan, jerami padi dan ampas tahu, hal ini menunjukkan rendahnya kualitas pakan yang diberikan dan menyebabkan pengembangan sapi bibit dan sapi penggemukan berjalan lambat. Pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini diberikan penyuluhan ilmu pengetahuan terutama tentang penyediaan pakan berupa tehnologi pakan fermentasi dan upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian penaykit mulut dan kuku yang sedang mewabah pada saat ini. Metode yang dipakai dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini berupa metoda penyuluhan/ceramah dan diskusi bersama anggota kelompok tani ternak. Dari hasil pengabdian ini anggota kelompok tani ternak sangat antusias mengikut kegiatan penyuluhan dan berdiskusi langsung bersama tim pengabdian. Tehnologi penyediaan pakan ternak dengan fermentasi sudah dipahami begitu juga pentingnya upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit mulut dan kuku pada ternak. Peternak mengharapkan sekali untuk dilaksanakan kegiatan vaksinasi PMK oleh pihak terkait sebagai upaya pencegahan PMK.
Comparison of Plasma Sprayed High Entropy Alloys with Conventional Bond Coat Materials
Authors: Ang Andrew S.M. , Berndt Christopher C. , Sesso Mitchell L. , Anupam Ameey , Ravi Sankar Kottada Praveen. S. , Murty B.S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of alloys that have multiple principal elements in an equiatomic ratio and that exhibit novel phase structures. HEAs are known for their high temperature microstructural stability, enhanced oxidation and wear resistance properties. Apart from bulk material consolidation methods such as casting and sintering, HEAs can also be deposited as a surface coating. In this work, thermal sprayed HEA coatings are investigated as an alternative bond coat material for a thermal barrier coating system. Nanostructured HEAs that were based on AlCoCrFeNi and MnCoCrFeNi were prepared by ball milling and then plasma sprayed. Splat studies were assessed to optimize the appropriate thermal spray parameters and spray deposits were prepared. Subsequently, the microstructure and mechanical properties of two HEAs coatings of different composition were characterized and compared to conventional plasma spray NiCrAlY bond coats.
Manufacturing of Thick, Crack-Free Wear Protective Coatings on Complex Geometries for Gas Turbine Parts
Authors: Riedel Marcus , Duda Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper analyses the influence of specific coating parameters such as robot velocity, spray distance and part cooling on the risk of crack formation within Chromium- Carbide / Nickel-Chromium coatings. To understand the effect in more detail, metallographic investigations were conducted. These also provide sufficient data to examine other important coating characteristics such as porosity, mechanical stresses and homogeneity. As an additional analytical method Element Mapping is utilised to show the level of oxidation and its impact on the coating microstructure. The methods X-ray diffraction (XRD) and In-situ coating property (ICP)-Sensor are used to investigate the development of stresses in different coatings. With the information from all these examinations a concept was derived to achieve thick, crack-free wear protective coatings.
Microstructure and Properties of Porous Abradable Alumina Coatings Flame-Sprayed by Semi-Molten Particles
Authors: Li Chang-Jiu , Zou Jiao , Huo Hui-Bin , Yao Jian-Tao , Yang Guan-Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High efficiency gas turbine needs high temperature sealing by abradable porous ceramic coatings. In this study, porous Al2O3 coatings were deposited by flame spraying through controlling melting of spray powder particle in a semi-molten state. The effect of melting degree of spray particles changed via spray conditions on coating microstructure and porosity was investigated. The melting degree of spray particles was characterized by using 3D confocal laser microscopy. The porosity of the coating was estimated by image analysis. The results showed that the melting degree of alumina particles can be changed from 80 down to 30% and thus the coating porosity can be increased from 30% up to about 60%. The standard hardness test yielded no effective data for the porous coatings deposited by spray particles of a melting degree less than 60%, and hardness of 32-75 HR15Y for Al2O3 coatings deposited by spray particles with a melting degree higher than 60%. The pin-on-disk abrasion test of Inconel 738 nickel-based superalloy spherical pin of 5 mm in diameter at room temperature against porous alumina coating was conducted to evaluate abradability of porous Al2O3 coatings. It was found that for the coatings of hardness less than 32HR15Y and porosity over 40% the wear weight loss of the IN738 pin became negligible despite high wear rate of the coating. It is evident that the flame-sprayed porous alumina coatings of high porosity by the present approach are promising abradable coatings applicable to gas turbine operating at high temperature.
Process-Property Correlation of Heat-Treated Aluminium 6061 Cold Spray Coatings
Authors: Loke Kelvin , Kwok Richard , Koh P.K. , Lim T.C. , Cheang Philip 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold spray Aluminium 6061 coating samples were produced with variations of cold spray gas temperatures from 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C and 700°C, with all other spray parameters constant. The tensile adhesive strengths of the coatings were found to be decreasing with increasing spray temperature, with a marked 70% drop from 400°C to 500°C. A 72% increase in the average coating adhesive strength was observed after T6-heat treatment of non-grit blasted coating samples although the average coating adhesive strength decreased by 9% after stress-relief heat treatment. A 64% increase in the average coating adhesive strength was observed after T6-heat treatment of grit blasted coating samples although the average coating adhesive strength decreased by 20% after stress-relief heat treatment. Coatings were also sprayed at 40° and 60° and subjected to stress-relief and T6 heat treatment. However there were no significant variations in the coating adhesive strengths after heat treatment.
Spall Resistant HVOF Coatings
Authors: Webb David , Straten Richard Vander , Martin Brad , Montgomery Ron 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Under Secretary of Defense mandated all DoD facilities reduce or eliminate Hexavalent Chrome from all processing environments. The USAF Landing Gear Systems Engineering located at Hill AFB Utah is converting all line of sight EHC plating to High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) applied tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC/Co) and/or tungsten carbide-cobalt chrome (WC/Co/Cr) coatings. The original HVOF coating thickness of 0.015 inch has been reduced to 0.010 inch due to spallation concerns. This has resulted in the condemnation of many expensive assets due to this coating thickness reduction. ES3 is developing an HVOF applied spall resistant coating for the USAF that may be applied up to 0.030 inch for High Strength Steels (HSS) above 200 KSI stress levels. Material test data and recommendations for use are detailed in this paper.
Thermal Phase Stability of Various Plasma Sprayed TBCs
Authors: Li Li , Peterson Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The thermal phase stability of plasma sprayed TBC is presented and discussed. TBC phase transformation after various isothermal heat treatment processes was studied via Xray diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy methods. The YSZ-Gd-Yb and 20YSZ TBCs demonstrated superior thermal phase stability as compared with the high and standard purity 8YSZ TBCs, although higher purity also helps delay the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation. The phase transformation appears to be suppressed by cooling at higher rates. This data presents a qualitative phase stability comparison between the various coatings. However, cooling rate has to be taken into consideration in determining the extent of phase instability during the coating design of aero turbine applications.
A Damage Based Finite Element Simulation of Cold Spray Coating under Indentation Loading
Authors: Moridi A. , Hassani-Gangaraj S.M. , Guagliano M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For well over a hundred years, hardness testing has provided engineers a quick measure of the mechanical properties of a material or coating. However, the technique has also been fraught with potential artifacts, many of which are related to a phenomenon known as the “indentation size effect”. Unlike bulk materials, experimental studies on the hardness measurements of cold spray coatings in different load regimes shows strong dependency on the indentation size in a manner different from the Nix–Gao model. In cold spray coating additional parameters such as porosity and cohesive strength between cold sprayed particles affect the hardness measurements. As a result the hardness loss was observed by increasing the indentation load. To interpret the experimental observation, a two dimensional model was developed taking into consideration the inter particle damage. Ductile damage initiation in combination with the linear damage evolution model has been used. The deviation of load-displacement curves in the material with inter particle defects in comparison to bulk material was studied to explain the mechanism involved in hardness loss.
A Novel Coaxially Laser-Assisted (COLA) Cold Spray System
Authors: Allen C.M. , Marrocco T. , McNutt P. , Koivuluoto H. , Latokartano J. , Vuoristo P. , Olsson R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Laser-assisted cold-spray has been recognized for over a decade as a technique capable of depositing high quality coatings. By laser heating (and hence softening) the surface being coated, deposition can occur at particle velocities lower than those normally associated with the cold spray process. This can be used to increase deposition rate. However, it can also be used to facilitate the deposition of higher hardness material combinations, normally more out of the reach of the conventional cold spray process. Laser heating can also reduce the requirements of the process on gas usage and gas heating for a given combination, making it more cost-effective. In the work reported below, the capability of a novel co-axially laser-assisted system (COLA) to deposit higher hardness materials, relevant to a range of different industrial applications, has been evaluated. This system can be retrofitted to conventional cold spray equipment.
A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Suspension Plasma Spray Impinging on a Curved Substrate
Authors: Pourang K. , Moreau C. , Dolatabadi A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Obtaining a uniform coating on curved mechanical parts such as gas turbine blades is one of the industrial challenges in suspension plasma spraying. Through a three dimensional numerical analysis, this study is aimed at providing a better understanding of the effect of substrate curvature on in-flight particle temperature, velocity and trajectory. The high temperature and high velocity plasma flow is simulated inside the plasma torch using a uniform volumetric heat source in the energy equation. In addition, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) suspension is molded as a multicomponent droplet while catastrophic breakup regime is considered for simulating the secondary break-up when the suspension interacts with the plasma flow. A two-way coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach along with a stochastic discrete model was used to track the particle trajectory. Particle size distribution in the vicinity of the substrate at different stand-off distances has been investigated. The results show that sub-micron particles may obtain higher velocity and temperature compared to the larger particles. However, due to the small Stokes number associated with sub-micron particles, they are more sensitive to the change of the gas flow streamlines in the vicinity of a curved substrate
Comparison of Impact Crater Shape and Splat on Various Targets for Estimating Projectile Velocity
Authors: Sakata K. , Tagomori K. , Sugiyama N. , Oka D. , Shinya Y. , Sasaki H. , Akahoshi Y. , Norimatsu K. , Fujimura Y. , Fukuda Y. , Koura T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In order to clarify the bonding mechanism and to control the quality of cold-sprayed coatings, it is necessary to accurately measure the in-flight velocity and impact velocity of a projectile. In this study, the in-flight velocity of an aluminum alloy (A2017) 1 mm sphere shot from a small two-stage light gas gun was measured as being 1 km/s using a laser-cut velocity measurement technique. So as to estimate the impact velocity of the projectile, the projectile was caused to impact targets made of aluminum (A1050), copper (C1012), mild steel (SPCC), and stainless steel (SUS304). After the impact tests, the impact crater shapes of the targets was measured using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and laser microscopy. The impact velocity of a projectile was estimated from obtained crater depth of the targets. In addition, microstructures of the interface between projectile and target were analyzed by EDS, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Controlling the Twin Wire Arc Spray Process Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
Authors: Hartz-Behrend K. , Schein J. , Schaup J. , Zierhut J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One approach for controlling the twin wire arc spray (TWAS) process is to use optical properties of the particle beam like length or brightness of the beam as input parameters for a process control. The idea is that changes in the process like eroded contact nozzles or variations of current, voltage and/or atomizing gas pressure can be detected through observation of optical properties of the particle beam. It can be assumed that if these properties deviate significantly from those obtained from a beam recorded for an optimal coating process the spray particle and so the coating properties change significantly. Thus, the goal is to detect these optical deviations and compensate occurring errors by adjusting appropriate process parameters for the wire arc spray unit. One cost effective method for monitoring optical properties of the particle beam is to apply the process diagnostic system PFI (Particle Flux Imaging): PFI fits an ellipse to an image of a particle beam thereby defining easy to analyze characteristic parameters by relating optical beam properties to ellipse parameters. Using artificial neural networks (ANN) mathematical relations between ellipse and process parameters can be defined. Thus in the case of a process disturbance through the use of an ANN-based control new process parameters can be computed to compensate particle beam deviations. In this paper, it will be shown that different process parameters can lead to particle beams with the same PFI parameters.
Development of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold-Sprayed IN718 Alloy Coating by a Novel In-Situ Shot Peening Process
Authors: Luo Xiao-Tao , Yao Meng-Lin , Li Cheng-Xin , Yang Guan-Jun , Li Chang-Jiu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, in-situ shot-peening approach was introduced by mixing large stainless steel (SS) shots with diameters over 150 μm with IN718 spray powders to aim at developing a novel approach to achieve dense coating. Effect of mixed stainless steel shot content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the IN718 coating was examined. Results show that IN718 coating can be deposited without any shot peening particle inclusions for their relatively low velocity. It was revealed that the deposition efficiency of the IN 718 powders is improved by the in-situ shot peening effect. With increasing shot fraction in the powder mixture from 0% to 50 vol.%, the coating porosity decreased from 5.6% to 0.2% only by using N2 accelerating gas. Remarkable work hardening induced by impact of the shot peening particles was detected.
Eddy Current Measurement Technique for Bi-Layer Thermal Barrier Systems
Authors: Smith Gregory M. , Erb Nicholas , Hansson Mats-Olov , Johansson Jimmy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Non-destructive eddy current evaluation is a practical and well-established tool in aerospace and other industries, used to find or identify material defects not otherwise detectable. It can also be employed to measure the thickness of various coatings, although it is not yet fully optimized for multi-layer thermal spray systems, such as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The first part of this paper aims to look at the underlying mechanisms of the eddy current thickness measurement technique and uses a Design of Experiment (DoE) study to identify key characteristics related to thickness measurement of thermal barrier coatings. The second part of the paper is a case study on the application of the findings into general production, showing the achieved improvements in accuracy and repeatability of thickness measurements.
Effect of Alloying Active Elements of Powder on Spreading Behaviour of Plasma Spray Splats
Authors: Zhang Yongang , Hyland Margaret , Tran A.T.T. , Matthew Steven 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the formation of plasma sprayed splats, the spreading behaviour of molten droplet is essential for forming desirable lamella with good adhesion to substrate. To understand the effect of active element chromium on droplet spreading, pure Ni and Ni-20Cr alloyed powders with the size of 45~63μm were plasma sprayed on mirror polished 304 stainless steel heated to different temperatures (below 200°C) through electrical resistance heaters. The substrate heating resulted in very little change in the surface roughness. However, there was a measureable change in the surface chemistry of the outermost few nanometers, which became increasingly enriched in Fe at higher temperatures. The splat morphologies were characterised and the transition temperatures were estimated. The results show that the transition from splashed to disk splats was not solely dependent on the temperature of the substrate. In some cases, splashing still occurred to a measureable extent even at relatively high substrate temperatures, even above temperatures at which adsorbates (water) were totally removed from the surface. The splashing behaviour could be correlated to a combination of the change in the surface chemistry of the substrate and the presence of active elements in the coating materials.
Elastic Isotropy of Cold Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Cizek J. , Dlouhy I. , Seiner H. , Landa M. , Huang R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy was applied to analyze the elastic anisotropy of thick copper, aluminum, titanium, and nickel coatings prepared by cold spraying and to determine the respective elastic moduli. The results show that the coatings exhibit only weak deviations from perfect isotropy, and the obtained elastic moduli are comparable with those of the corresponding polycrystalline bulks. The increased internal friction observed in some of the studied coatings may indicate grain refinement and consequent grain boundary sliding.