bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guarding a New Great Wall: The Politics of Household Registration Reforms and Public Provision in China
Authors: Hong Ren-Jie , Tseng Yu-Chi , Lin Thung-Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe household registration (hukou) system has been widely recognized as a key contributory factor to social inequality and tensions in China yet it remains intact despite a series of institutional reforms. What explains the resilience of the system? In this study, we address this puzzle by drawing on policy documents, statistical data and interviews. We argue that thehukousystem remains because it is used to protect the beneficiaries of welfare provision and to ensure pivotal groups continue to offer political support. We find that owing to the reforms, a formidable barrier has been erected between the guarded cities and other regions to protect healthcare and education resources from inbound migrant workers. Consequently, the institutional reforms of thehukousystem serve as a political contrivance for the survival of the Chinese party-state regime. The findings contribute to emerging literature on China's political control by elaborating political elites’ subtle tactics through various institutions at central and local levels. We expect the new “Great Wall” established under Xi's administration to be an even stronger barrier than before for migrants during the current pandemic and in the future.
Efficacy to avoid violence and parenting: A moderated mediation of violence exposure for African American urban-dwelling boys
Authors: Thomas Alvin , Assari Shervin , Odukoya Erica , Caldwell Cleopatra H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe took a risk and resilience approach to investigating how witnessing physical violence influences adolescent violent behaviors overtime. We proposed efficacy to avoid violence as a major path of influence in this negative trajectory of adolescent development. We also focus on the protective roles of parenting behaviors for African American boys living in disadvantaged contexts. Most of our sample of 310 African American adolescent males (M age = 13.50, SD = .620) had experienced significant amounts of violence, but they also reported continued efficacy to avoid violence. We tested a first stage dual moderated mediation model and found that higher levels of witnessing violence lead to more violent behavior and less efficacy to avoid violence, and that efficacy was the mediator in that link. Youth who witness more violence may feel that engagement in violence is inescapable and thus may themselves end up engaging in it. These problematic long-term trajectories were moderated by parent’s communication about violence and monitoring revealing possible protections for youth, and an enhancement of youths’ internal strengths. Our findings propose pathways that can inform interventions that may protect African American adolescent boys against the vicious cycle of exposure to, and acts of, violence.
WTO Dispute Settlement: Crown Jewel or Costume Jewelry?
Authors: Davey William J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe dispute settlement system of the World Trade Organization (WTO) knew considerable success in its early years, being described as the WTO's crown jewel. In recent years, the jewel has become tarnished. Its principal actor – the Appellate Body – is no longer functioning, and the practice of the membership has been to appeal almost all new panel reports, thereby consigning them to a legal limbo from which they seem unlikely to ever emerge. This paper briefly reviews the record of the WTO dispute settlement system, considers the problems that led to its current state and evaluates various proposals that have been made to reinvigorate the system.
Quo Vadis?On the role of just peacewithinjust war
Authors: Braun Christian Nikolaus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to the debate about the future of just war thinking, which has been challenged by the emerging school of just peace. Just peace thinkers hope that by foregrounding nonviolent means just war reasoning will become obsolete. Recently, the German Catholic Bishops have argued that the traditional understanding of just war contributed to their predecessors' silence on the Second World War. Grounded in just peace thinking, their argument implies that had the new framework been in place at the time, it would have been easier for their predecessors to oppose Hitler's war. In this article, I defend traditional just war thinking as encountered in the thought of Thomas Aquinas. For Aquinas, just war thinking was part of an encompassing ethics of war and peace. In fact, peace was the primary goal. Grounded in Aquinas's understanding of virtue, I argue that there is a place for just peace scholarship within the just war framework. The tools of nonviolence should be seen as an important complement to the justifiable use of armed force.
Constraining the Particle Size Distribution of Large Marine Particles in the Global Ocean With In Situ Optical Observations and Supervised Learning
Authors: Clements D. J. , Yang S. , Weber T. , McDonnell A. M. P. , Kiko R. , Stemmann L. , Bianchi D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe abundance and size distribution of marine particles control a range of biogeochemical and ecological processes in the ocean, including carbon sequestration. These quantities are the result of complex physical‐biological interactions that are difficult to observe, and their spatial and temporal patterns remain uncertain. Here, we present a novel analysis of particle size distributions (PSDs) from a global compilation of in situ Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) optical measurements. Using a machine learning algorithm, we extrapolate sparse UVP5 observations to the global ocean from well‐sampled oceanographic variables. We reconstruct global maps of PSD parameters (biovolume [BV] and slope) for particles at the base of the euphotic zone. These reconstructions reveal consistent global patterns, with high chlorophyll regions generally characterized by high particle BV and flatter PSD slope, that is, a high relative abundance of large versus small particles. The resulting negative correlations between particle BV and slope further suggests synergistic effects on size‐dependent processes such as sinking particle fluxes. Our approach and estimates provide a baseline for an improved understanding of particle cycles in the ocean, and pave the way to global, three‐dimensional reconstructions of PSD and sinking particle fluxes from the growing body of UVP5 observations.
Poisson's Ratio Structure Beneath the Nazca Ridge
Authors: Contreras‐Reyes E. , Obando‐Orrego S. , Cortés‐Rivas V. , Krabbenhoeft A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Nazca Ridge (NR) was formed near the interaction of a hotspot mantle plume and an active spreading center. We use active‐source wide‐angle seismic data to obtain 2‐D Vp and Vs tomographic models, and hence the Poisson's ratio (ν) structure beneath the NR. Results show a ∼2 km thick seismic layer 2A with ν values of 0.25–0.32 in the uppermost crust interpreted as pillow basalts with a low degree of fracturing and/or hydrothermal alteration. The 2A/B boundary layer presents ν values of 0.27–0.29 consistent with pillow basalts/sheeted dykes units. A ∼3 km layer 2B overlies a ∼10 km layer 3 with ν values of 0.24–0.3 at the 2/3 boundary layer. The lowermost layer 3 presents ν values of 0.28 ± 0.02 suggesting an increase in Mg content (≥10% wt). The NR crust (∼15 km thick) requires an increment of the asthenospheric mantle potential temperature in ∼100°C formed by passive adiabatic decompression melting.
Generation Mechanisms of Plasma Density Irregularity in the Equatorial Ionosphere During a Geomagnetic Storm on 21–22 December 2014
Authors: Sori T. , Shinbori A. , Otsuka Y. , Tsugawa T. , Nishioka M. , Yoshikawa A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe equatorial ionosphere endured plasma density irregularities during a geomagnetic storm on 21–22 December 2014. To understand the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the rate of the total electron content change (ROTI) data obtained from a global navigation satellite system, along with solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), geomagnetic indices, Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar, and magnetometer data. The results indicate that the ROTI enhancement related to plasma density irregularities (plasma bubbles) occurred three times in the equatorial and low latitude regions of the American sector during the geomagnetic storm. The first, second, and third enhancements which have a longitudinal extent of ∼20° appeared in the post‐sunset, pre‐midnight, and post‐midnight sectors, respectively. The second enhancement occurred during the recovery phase of the storm‐time substorm even though the IMF remained southward. During this period, the direction of the dayside equatorial electrojet (EEJ) changed from eastward to westward, while the nightside upward plasma velocity at Jicamarca increased to 28.8 m/s. The response of the EEJ and upward ion drift implies that the westward and eastward electric fields were intensified on the dayside and nightside, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that an over‐shielding electric field penetrates the dayside/nightside equator simultaneously in association with a substorm recovery phase, and that the electric field generates plasma bubbles by the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability mechanism. Plasma bubbles induced by the penetration of an over‐shielding electric field due to substorm activity have not previously been reported.
Novel EMIC Wave Propagation Pathway Through Buchsbaum Resonance and Inter‐Hemispheric Wave Interference: Swarm Observations and Modeling
Authors: Pakhotin I. P. , Mann I. R. , Sydorenko D. , Rankin R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn situ conjugate electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed by the Swarm mission in both hemispheres are presented. A complex and unusual pattern of Alfvénic EMIC wave energy is observed, with a mid‐latitude peak close to the source at L =3.3, as well as a secondary lower L‐peak. A wave propagation model reveals that the secondary peak at L =1.7 may be explained by wave power being redirected equatorward due to the Buchsbaum resonance, crossing and interfering with the same EMIC wave power propagating equatorwards from the opposite hemisphere. This interference creates a coherent equatorial driver for a low‐L field line resonance at the secondary peak, and which is associated with strong shear‐to‐fast mode coupling in the ionosphere. This behavior complicates the interpretation of low‐Earth orbit EMIC data for applications assessing radiation belt loss. Combined low Earth orbit observations and modeling enable these novel and localized magnetosphere‐ionosphere EMIC wave propagation pathways to be identified.
Strong Gravity Waves Associated With Tonga Volcano Eruption Revealed by SABER Observations
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Kogure Masaru 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry temperature profiles from January 6 to 21 2022, we studied the mesospheric gravity waves (GWs) associated with the Tonga volcano eruption on January 15. We observed that the eruption induced strong GWs in the mesosphere. Detailed analysis shows that there were strong GWs with amplitudes greater than 30 K (twice the usual GWs) on January 15. These GWs have dominant vertical wavelengths of 13.9–25.5 km and horizontal speeds of 44–81 ms−1, and they have intrinsic periods (momentum flux per unit mass) of ∼2–5 hr (4–320 m2s−2). The strong but slow GWs observed here are opposite to the fast GWs observed at different atmospheric layers after the Tonga volcano eruption, and are stronger than the GWs associated with other volcanic eruption and extreme weather events. Such that one can get a more comprehensive picture on GWs excited by a powerful source.
Identification of High δ18O Adakite‐Like Granites in SE Tibet: Implication for Diapiric Relamination of Subducted Sediments
Authors: Xu Jian , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Spencer Christopher J. , Wang Qiang , Yin Chang‐Qing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSediment relamination in subduction zones is posited to be important for the compositional evolution, physical structure and material recycling of the Earth. Despite support from numerical experimental modeling and geophysical observation, magmatic evidence for relamination is rare and difficult to identify in ancient and modern convergent systems. Here we report newly identified ca.32–27 Ma adakite‐like granites with high δ18O values (up to 10.38‰) from the Ailaoshan‐Red River (ASRR) shear zone in western Yunnan (SE Tibet). Their geochronological and compositional data strongly exhibits significant contributions from Permian‐Eocene sedimentary rocks in the lower crust (30–45 km). Our study provides further evidence that the lower crust may be partially composed of more felsic lithologies likely originating from rapid supracrustal material recycling via diapiric relamination of (meta)sedimentary material during Cenozoic‐age continental subduction. The ASRR adakite‐like granites thus represent clear magmatic evidence for sediment relamination in a subduction system.
The Angular Distribution of Lower Band Chorus Waves Near Plasmaspheric Plumes
Authors: Hartley D. P. , Chen L. , Christopher I. W. , Kletzing C. A. , Santolik O. , Li W. , Shi R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlumes have been identified as an access region for chorus waves to enter the plasmasphere. Here, for the first time, chorus wave properties are parameterized by distance from the plume boundary. Case studies and statistical analysis indicate that the polar wave vector angle, θk, of chorus becomes more oblique near the plume edge. Occurrence rates of θk > 35° on the plume boundary are approximately double that observed further away from the plume. Whilst the increase in θk is apparent on both plume edges, the distribution of θk exhibits different behavior between the Eastward and Westward boundaries. In general, the distribution of azimuthal wave vector angles, ϕk, is symmetric about the anti‐Earthwards direction. However, near the Eastward plume boundary, an Eastwards skew of ϕk is reported. This result provides new insight on chorus propagation in the context of the chorus‐to‐hiss mechanism, and has implications for quantifying wave‐particle interactions in the near‐plume region.
Effect of alloying in monolayer niobium dichalcogenide superconductors
Authors: Wickramaratne Darshana , Mazin I. I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen sulfur and silicon are incorporated in monolayer 2H-NbSe2 the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, has been found to vary non-monotonically. This was assumed to be a manifestation of fractal superconductivity. Using first-principles calculations, we show that the nonmonotonic dependence of Tc is insufficient evidence for multifractality. A unifying aspect in our study are selenium vacancies in NbSe2, which are magnetic pair-breaking defects that we propose can be present in considerable concentrations in as-grown NbSe2. We show that sulfur and silicon can occupy the selenium sites and reduce the pair-breaking effect. Furthermore, when sulfur is incorporated in NbSe2, the density of states at the Fermi level and the proximity to magnetism in the alloy are both reduced compared to the parent compound. Based on our results, we propose an alternative explanation of the non-monotonic change in Tc which does not require the conjecture of multifractality.
Observation of Bloch oscillations dominated by effective anyonic particle statistics
Authors: Zhang Weixuan , Yuan Hao , Wang Haiteng , Di Fengxiao , Sun Na , Zheng Xingen , Sun Houjun , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBloch oscillations are exotic phenomena describing the periodic motion of a wave packet subjected to an external force in a lattice, where a system possessing single or multiple particles could exhibit distinct oscillation behaviors. In particular, it has been pointed out that quantum statistics could dramatically affect the Bloch oscillation even in the absence of particle interactions, where the oscillation frequency of two pseudofermions with an anyonic statistical angle of $${{{\boldsymbol{\pi }}}}$$
π
becomes half of that for two bosons. However, these statistically dependent Bloch oscillations have never been observed in experiments until now. Here, we report the experimental simulation of anyonic Bloch oscillations using electric circuits. By mapping the eigenstates of two anyons to the modes of the designed circuit simulators, the Bloch oscillations of two bosons and two pseudofermions are verified by measuring the voltage dynamics. The oscillation period in the two-boson simulator is almost twice of that in the two-pseudofermion simulator, that is consistent with the theoretical prediction. Our proposal provides a flexible platform to investigate and visualize many interesting phenomena related to particle statistics and could have potential applications in the field of the signal control.
Corrosion as the origin of limited lifetime of vanadium oxide-based aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Kim Yangmoon , Park Youngbin , Kim Minkwan , Lee Jimin , Kim Ki Jae , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries are receiving increasing attention for large-scale energy storage systems owing to their attractive features with respect to safety, cost, and scalability. Although vanadium oxides with various compositions have been demonstrated to store zinc ions reversibly, their limited cyclability especially at low current densities and their poor calendar life impede their widespread practical adoption. Herein, we reveal that the electrochemically inactive zinc pyrovanadate (ZVO) phase formed on the cathode surface is the main cause of the limited sustainability. Moreover, the formation of ZVO is closely related to the corrosion of the zinc metal counter electrode by perturbing the pH of the electrolyte. Thus, the dissolution of VO2(OH)2−, the source of the vanadium in the ZVO, is no longer prevented. The proposed amalgamated Zn anode improves the cyclability drastically by blocking the corrosion at the anode, verifying the importance of pH control and the interplay between both electrodes.
Structural basis for the inhibition of IAPP fibril formation by the co-chaperonin prefoldin
Authors: Törner Ricarda , Kupreichyk Tatsiana , Gremer Lothar , Debled Elisa Colas , Fenel Daphna , Schemmert Sarah , Gans Pierre , Willbold Dieter , Schoehn Guy , Hoyer Wolfgang , Boisbouvier Jerome 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChaperones, as modulators of protein conformational states, are key cellular actors to prevent the accumulation of fibrillar aggregates. Here, we integrated kinetic investigations with structural studies to elucidate how the ubiquitous co-chaperonin prefoldin inhibits diabetes associated islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) fibril formation. We demonstrated that both human and archaeal prefoldin interfere similarly with the IAPP fibril elongation and secondary nucleation pathways. Using archaeal prefoldin model, we combined nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with electron microscopy to establish that the inhibition of fibril formation is mediated by the binding of prefoldin’s coiled-coil helices to the flexible IAPP N-terminal segment accessible on the fibril surface and fibril ends. Atomic force microscopy demonstrates that binding of prefoldin to IAPP leads to the formation of lower amounts of aggregates, composed of shorter fibrils, clustered together. Linking structural models with observed fibrillation inhibition processes opens perspectives for understanding the interference between natural chaperones and formation of disease-associated amyloids.
Patterns and ecological drivers of viral communities in acid mine drainage sediments across Southern China
Authors: Gao Shaoming , Paez-Espino David , Li Jintian , Ai Hongxia , Liang Jieliang , Luo Zhenhao , Zheng Jin , Chen Hao , Shu Wensheng , Huang Linan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent advances in environmental genomics have provided unprecedented opportunities for the investigation of viruses in natural settings. Yet, our knowledge of viral biogeographic patterns and the corresponding drivers is still limited. Here, we perform metagenomic deep sequencing on 90 acid mine drainage (AMD) sediments sampled across Southern China and examine the biogeography of viruses in this extreme environment. The results demonstrate that prokaryotic communities dictate viral taxonomic and functional diversity, abundance and structure, whereas other factors especially latitude and mean annual temperature also impact viral populations and functions. In silico predictions highlight lineage-specific virus-host abundance ratios and richness-dependent virus-host interaction structure. Further functional analyses reveal important roles of environmental conditions and horizontal gene transfers in shaping viral auxiliary metabolic genes potentially involved in phosphorus assimilation. Our findings underscore the importance of both abiotic and biotic factors in predicting the taxonomic and functional biogeographic dynamics of viruses in the AMD sediments.
Fire-retardant effect of titania-polyurea coating and additional enhancement via aromatic diamine and modified melamine polyphosphate
Authors: Rong Ze , Li Yuanzhe , Lim Rachel ZhiQi , Wang Haojing , Dong ZhiLi , Li Kexin , Wang Xueli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolymeric materials and composites are well suited to support structures in marine conditions due to their corrosion resistance. However, their low glass transition temperature makes them vulnerable to softening at high temperatures. Hence, fire retardancy is a key aspect if these materials are selected to ensure stiffness under flammable conditions. In this paper, a fire-retardant polyurea coating for industrial applications is proposed. The aromatic diamine and aliphatic diisocyanate are believed to have a synergistic effect in improving flame properties. Moreover, various combinations of flame-retardant additives with aromatic and aliphatic-based polyurea are mixed to further improve fire-retardancy. Through the characterizations of their glass transition temperature and delay in the ignition, it indicates that the combination of Talc and melamine polyphosphate may provide an outstanding enhancement for the Titania-polyurea coating, and such enhancement may improve its original tensile and compression strength, and surface hardness as well.
Age- and gender-based comorbidity categories in general practitioner and pulmonology patients with COPD
Authors: Kim-Dorner Su-Jong , Schmidt Torben , Kuhlmann Alexander , Graf von der Schulenburg Johann-Matthias , Welte Tobias , Lingner Heidrun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating medical condition often accompanied by multiple chronic conditions. COPD is more frequent among older adults and affects both genders. The aim of the current cross-sectional survey was to characterize chronic comorbidities stratified by gender and age among patients with COPD under the care of general practitioners (GP) and pulmonologists, using real-world patient data. A total of 7966 COPD patients (women: 45%) with more than 5 years of the observation period in the practice were examined using 60 different Chronic comorbid conditions (CCC) and Elixhauser measures. More than 9 in 10 patients had at least one, and 51.7% had more than three comorbidities. No gender difference was found in the number of comorbidities. However, men had higher Elixhauser-van Walraven index scores than women, and the types of comorbidities differed by gender. An increasing number of comorbidities was seen with aging but the patients in their 30s and 40s also had a high number of comorbidities. Moreover, GP patients had a higher number and a wider array of documented comorbidities than pulmonology patients did. Psychological comorbidities were common in all patients, but particularly among younger patients. These findings around gender- and age-stratified comorbidities under the care of GPs and pulmonologists have implications for the choice of data provenience for decision-making analysis and treatment selection and success.