bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
97 Comparison of Tulathromycin and Gamithromycin as Metaphylactic Treatment on Growth Performance, Morbidity, and Treatment Cost in High-risk, Newly Received Beef Calves
Authors: Midkiff Kirsten A , Ball Jase , Kegley E B , Shoulders Ben P , Reynolds Jana L , Powell J G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Metaphylactic treatments are used in cattle enterprises to mitigate bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Crossbred beef calves (n = 78; BW = 272 ± 25.8 kg) were randomly assigned 1 of 2 metaphylactic treatments. Upon arrival, calves were processed (ear tagged, vaccinated, dewormed, ear notched) and administered either 1.2 mL/50 kg BW of tulathromycin with a 7-d post-metaphylactic interval (PMI) or 2 mL/50 kg BW of gamithromycin with a 5-d PMI. Cattle were observed daily for signs of morbidity and a Clinical Attitude Score (0 [normal] to 5 [morbid]) was recorded. Calves that scored a 1 or greater and PMI eligible were pulled and rectal temperatures were recorded; if temperature exceeded 40°C, calves were given enrofloxacin. If calves were pulled a second time and criteria met, ceftiofur was the final antibiotic administered. Performance data and cost analysis were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4, with repeated measure of day used for performance data. Morbidity and treatment with second antibiotic data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4. There were no differences in morbidity (P = 0.17) or treatment with second antibiotic (P = 0.32). There was no treatment × day interaction or main effect for treatment for BW or ADG, but there was a main effect of day as BW increased (P &lt; 0.001) through the sampling period and gain from days 0 to14 was greater than gain from days 14 to 28 (P = 0.001) and 28 to 42 (P &lt; 0.001). Initial antibiotic costs ($32.73 vs. $21.74) and overall costs ($32.74 vs. $24.16) were greater (P &lt; 0.001) in cattle administered tulathromycin compared to gamithromycin treated calves. While there were no differences between antibiotic treatments for health or performance, these data indicate that gamithromycin was a more cost-effective metaphylactic treatment for newly received, high-risk calves.
135 Vitamin E and Selenium Effects on White-tailed Deer Conception Success in Artificial Insemination Programs
Authors: Urso Phil , Lewis Kacey , Kelley Stanley F , Beverly Marcy M , Greenwood Megan , Stewart Chris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The white-tailed deer breeding industry has developed into a $1.6 billion-dollar annual sector. However, even with this rapidly growing industry, little is known concerning certain mineral requirements for deer raised in confinement and their conception success. Previous research has suggested that white-tailed does are more apt to conceive with elevated circulating levels of zinc, vitamin E, and selenium. This research project consisted of ninety-three does on standard confinement diets, supplemented with only a single dose of Zn, Se, Mn, and Cu via MultiMin at the time of CIDR input. Supplementation of MultiMin was fixed across all animals in the study. These does were assessed by drawing blood at the time of artificial insemination (AI). Whole blood and serum samples were analyzed for micromineral levels (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn) and fat-soluble metabolites (vitamin A, vitamin E, and cholesterol) at Texas Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and analyzed using PROC REG in SAS. Conception success was determined by the does conceiving a fawn from from artificial insemination procedure which was verified via genetic testing of the fawn. It was found that the model containing the main effects vitamin E, zinc, and selenium along with their interactions of vitamin E by Zn and Se by Zinc was significant (P &lt; 0.05; R2=0.15) on positively affecting conception success from artificial insemination. In particular, a tendency was detected in the relationship of vitamin E and selenium (P &lt; 0.1). In post hoc analysis, parameter estimates from the regression were used, and selenium fixed at a level of 144 ng/mL is the point at which supplemental vitamin E has positive effects on conception from AI. This model shows that both vitamin E and selenium are required at higher levels than previously thought in confinement-reared white-tailed deer with intensive breeding programs. With further research using vitamin E and selenium, the mineral requirements of white-tailed deer in confinement can be better understood and aide producers in reproductive efficiency in their captive deer herds.
124 The Effect of Innate Immune Receptor Activation on Differential Breed Responses to LPS in Sheep
Authors: Johnson Samanthia R , Middleton Denzel , Bowdridge Scott A , Greiner Scott P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
While studying breed differences in immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to Haemonchus contortus (Hc) antigen, RNA sequencing revealed that St. Croix (STC) PBMC upregulated expression of NLRP3 compared to PBMC from Suffolk (SUF) sheep. Nod-like receptor pyrin containing domain 3 (NLRP3) is a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) with a wide array of agonists, such as PAMPs, DAMPs, ATP, bacterial product, and viral products. Stimulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in proteolytic activation of IL-1b and IL-18, cell pyroptosis, and classically, the induction of proinflammatory responses. Common activation of this pathway can be achieved by stimulation with liposaccharide (LPS) which binds and activates a toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) pathway, causing production of proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, NLRP3 has been recently implicated as an early initiator of IL-4 production in response to helminth antigen. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine differences in breed responses to LPS and the role of NLRP3. To test this hypothesis, PBMC were collected from STC and SUF sheep and cells were incubated with LPS only, LPS in combination with pharmacological inhibitor of NLRP3 (MCC950), or complete media for 3 hrs. Gene expression of PBMC exposed to LPS revealed that Inflammatory linked genes IL-1β (P &lt; 0.001), TLR4 (P &lt; 0.001), TNFα (P &lt; 0.001), NFκB (P &lt; 0.001) were upregulated in STC PBMC. Treatment with MCC950 in combination with LPS, reduced inflammatory gene expression in STC PBMC to the level of SUF PBMC (P &gt; 0.05), thus ablating inflammatory responses in STC PBMC. These data reveal a deficiency in NLPR3 function in SUF sheep and have been confirmed by SNPs found in that gene that have been predicted to alter NLRP3 protein structure.
Galyean Appreciation Club Review: revisiting nutrition and health of newly received cattle—what have we learned in the last 15 years?
Authors: Galyean Michael L , Duff Glenn C , Rivera J Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur objective was to review the literature related to the health and management of newly received cattle published since a previous review by Duff and Galyean (2007). Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be a major challenge for the beef industry. Depending on disease severity, animals treated for BRD have decreased performance and lowered carcass value. Diagnosis of BRD is less effective than desired, and progress on developing real-time, chute-side methods to diagnose BRD has been limited. Systems that combine lung auscultation with temperature and body weight data show promise. Assessment of blood metabolites and behavior monitoring offer potential for early identification of morbid animals. Vaccination and metaphylaxis continue to be important tools for the prevention and control of BRD, but antimicrobial resistance is a concern with antibiotic use. Dietary energy concentration and roughage source and level continue to be important topics. Mineral supplementation has received considerable attention, particularly the use of organic vs. inorganic sources and injectable minerals or drenches given on arrival. The use of probiotics and prebiotics for newly received cattle has shown variable results, but further research is warranted. The health and nutrition of newly received cattle will continue to be an important research area in the years to come.
The Challenge of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis–Detected Architectural Distortion of the Breast: Inter-reader Variability and Imaging Characteristics That May Improve Positive Predictive Value
Authors: Feliciano-Rivera Yara Z , Net Jose , Velamuri Sriram , Pluguez-Turull Cedric , Yepes Monica M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
To compare readers’ performances when detecting architectural distortion (AD) on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). To determine the risk of malignancy of DBT with synthetic mammogram (SM)–detected AD and evaluate imaging features that are associated with malignancy risk.

Methods
This IRB-approved retrospective review included all cases of DBT-detected AD that were recommended for biopsy from October 2013 to July 2019. Cases were reviewed by three breast radiologists and the overall agreement between radiologists was calculated. Medical records were reviewed for pathological outcomes and imaging findings. Statistical analyses used were Cohen’s kappa and its 95% confidence interval, and one-way analysis of variance.

Results
A total of 172 lesions were included. The overall agreement for the presence of AD in our study was fair (0.253). The majority (20/36, 55.5%) of the malignant ADs were associated with asymmetries (13/36, 36.1%), calcifications (4/36, 11.1%), or both (3/36, 8.3%), compared to nonmalignant ADs (40/136, 31.0%; P = 0.038). The positive predictive value (PPV) of DBT with SM-detected AD for malignancy was 21.8% (36/165), 18.8% (18/96) for DBT-detected AD, and 26.0% (18/69) for SM-detected AD, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.258). A breast MRI correlate was identified for all malignant AD lesions (17/17, 100.0%; P = 0.004).

Conclusion
The detection of AD remains a challenging task for radiologists, with moderate-to-fair interobserver agreement. With a PPV for malignancy of 21.8%, percutaneous biopsy and subsequent pathology-imaging correlation are necessary for AD to exclude the possibility of malignancy.
2D acoustic wavefield simulation by improved stiffness and mass matrices of bilinear square element
Authors: Ogunbo Jide Nosakare , Shin Changsoo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the frequency domain, we optimize the entries of the element stiffness matrix computed on a square element with the purpose of approximating the 2D acoustic wave equation with the second spatial order. The optimized matrices are computed from the minimization of the normalized phase velocity as a function of propagation angle and the number of grid points per wavelength, leading to a remarkable reduction in the numerical error. The optimized number of 4.1 sample points in a wavelength, with a maximum error in velocities &lt;0.3%, offering the simulation of large-scale realistic models. The superior performance of the optimized matrices to those from the lumped, consistent and eclectic matrices, is evident from the numerical examples presented, with consequent reduction not only in the numerical dispersion/anisotropy but also in an improved resolution. It is noteworthy that optimized matrices give modeling results with better accuracy than models from the high-order spectral element method. Our methodology is easily extendable to the accurate discretizing of the general 3D elastic wave equation that optimizes the bandwidth of the impedance matrix, availing computational resources for accurately modeling the compressional and shear wave velocities, density, as well as multi-parameter inversion.
Effect of Exercise Training Programs on Physical Fitness Domains in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Smith Chelsea , Doma Kenji , Heilbronn Brian , Leicht Anthony 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Physical training is important to prepare soldiers for the intense occupational demands in the military. However, current physical training may not address all fitness domains crucial for optimizing physical readiness and reducing musculoskeletal injury. The effects of nontraditional military physical training on fitness domains have been inconsistently reported, which limits the design of the ideal training program for performance optimization and injury prevention in the military. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the effects of exercise training on various fitness domains (i.e., aerobic fitness, flexibility, muscular endurance, muscular power, muscular strength, and occupationally specific physical performance) that contribute to occupational performance and musculoskeletal injury risk in military personnel.

Methods
An extensive literature search was conducted in January 2021 and was subsequently updated in July 2021 and December 2021. Included studies consisted of comparative groups of healthy military personnel performing traditional and nontraditional military physical training with at least one assessment representative of a fitness domain. Study appraisal was conducted using the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis was conducted via forest plots, standard mean difference (SMD, effect size), and intertrial heterogeneity (I2).

Results
From a total of 7,350 records, 15 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion in this review, with a total of 1,613 participants. The average study quality via the PEDro score was good (5.3/10; range 4/10 to 6/10). Nontraditional military physical training resulted in greater posttraining values for muscular endurance (SMD = 0.46; P = .004; I2 = 68%), power (SMD = 1.57; P &lt; .0001; I2 = 90%), strength via repetition maximum testing (SMD = 1.95; P &lt; .00001; I2 = 91%), and occupationally specific physical performance (SMD = 0.54; P = .007; I2 = 66%) compared to the traditional group. There was no significant difference for aerobic fitness (SMD = −0.31; P = .23; I2 = 86%), flexibility (SMD = 0.58; P = .16; I2 = 76%), and muscular strength via maximal voluntary contraction (SMD = 0.18; P = .28; I2 = 66%) between training groups.

Conclusions
The current systematic review identified that nontraditional military physical training had a greater posttraining effect on muscular endurance, power, strength measured via repetition maximum, and occupationally specific physical performance compared to traditional military physical training. Overall, these findings suggest that nontraditional military physical training may be beneficial in optimizing occupational performance while potentially reducing musculoskeletal injury risk.
A case report of rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis in a Chinese woman with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ho Cheuk Ying Karen , Lau Tiffany Wing-See , Chung Ho Yin , Ho Carmen Tze Kwan , Lau Chak Sing 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with a number of extra-articular manifestations. We report the case of a rare extra-articular manifestation of seropositive RA in a 48-year-old woman. She developed spontaneously remitting pustular rashes on the dorsum of both hands which recurred during periods of a high disease activity. Skin biopsy revealed rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis (RND), a rare skin manifestation of RA. Both RA and RND were controlled with rituximab therapy. Clinical presentations and differential diagnoses were discussed. Tight control of RA is pivotal in the management of RA and extra-articular manifestations.
Identification of chromatin loops from Hi-C interaction matrices by CTCF–CTCF topology classification
Authors: Galan Silvia , Serra François , Marti-Renom Marc A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Genome-wide profiling of long-range interactions has revealed that the CCCTC-Binding factor (CTCF) often anchors chromatin loops and is enriched at boundaries of the so-called Topologically Associating Domains, which suggests that CTCF is essential in the 3D organization of chromatin. However, the systematic topological classification of pairwise CTCF–CTCF interactions has not been yet explored. Here, we developed a computational pipeline able to classify all CTCF–CTCF pairs according to their chromatin interactions from Hi-C experiments. The interaction profiles of all CTCF–CTCF pairs were further structurally clustered using self-organizing feature maps and their functionality characterized by their epigenetic states. The resulting clusters were then input to a convolutional neural network aiming at the de novo detecting chromatin loops from Hi-C interaction matrices. Our new method, called LOOPbit, is able to automatically detect significant interactions with a higher proportion of enhancer-promoter loops compared to other callers. Our highly specific loop caller adds a new layer of detail to the link between chromatin structure and function.
The use of blockchain by international organizations: effectiveness and legitimacy
Authors: Dimitropoulos Georgios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBlockchain is a new general-purpose technology that poses significant challenges to policymaking, law, and society. Blockchain is even more distinctive than other transformative technologies, as it is by nature a global technology; moreover, it operates based on a set of rules and principles that have a law-like quality—the lex cryptographia. The global nature of blockchain has led to its adoption by international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank. However, the law-like nature of the technology makes some of its uses by international organizations questionable from an international law and foreign affairs perspective. In this light, the article examines the effectiveness and legitimacy of the use of blockchain for international policymaking.
John Donne and Overbury’s ‘A Wife’ in the New Melford Hall Manuscript
Authors: Kneidel Gregory 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In 2018, a manuscript containing a large collection of John Donne’s poems was discovered at Melford Hall in Suffolk. This essay presents an initial assessment of that manuscript and, more specifically, places it within the wider universe of Donne manuscripts, which has been exhaustively charted in the recently completed Donne Variorum. The Melford Hall manuscript belongs squarely within what editors have come to call the traditional Group II manuscripts. Unlike the other important Group II manuscripts, however, the Melford Hall manuscript also contains numerous emendations. Some of these emendations may be in Donne’s hand; others link the Melford Hall manuscript in a unique way to other important Donne manuscripts. An unexpected highlight of the manuscript is its heavily glossed and annotated text of ‘A Wife’, the title poem in Thomas Overbury’s best-selling A Wife (1614). The Melford Hall manuscript’s text of ‘A Wife’ includes numerous unreported substantive variants that are shared by a few other Donne manuscripts. These textual variants reveal how much can be learned by dealing with non-Donne material in predominantly Donne manuscripts, and they support the proposition that the Melford Hall manuscript was produced at an earlier date than the one that editors have assigned to its closest Group II siblings.
Differential effects of subchronic acrylonitrile exposure on hydrogen sulfide levels in rat blood, brain, and liver
Authors: Yang Bobo , Yin Changsheng , Zhang Yu , Xing Guangwei , Wang Suhua , Li Fang , Aschner Michael , Lu Rongzhu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the third gasotransmitter participates in both cellular physiological and pathological processes, including chemical-induced injuries. We recently reported acute acrylonitrile (AN) treatment inhibited endogenous H2S biosynthesis pathway in rat and astrocyte models. However, there is still no evidence to address the correlation between endogenous H2S and sub-chronic AN exposure.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the modulatory effects of prolonged AN exposure on endogenous H2S levels and its biosynthetic enzymes in rat blood, brain and liver.MethodsA total of 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including the control group and AN-treated groups at dosages of 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg. Rats received one exposure/day, 5 days/week, for 4 consecutive weeks. The rat bodyweight and brain/liver organ coefficient were detected, along with liver cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1) expression. In addition, the H2S contents in rat serum and plasma, and in cerebral cortex and liver tissues were measured by methylene blue method. The expression of H2S-generating enzymes, including cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MPST) was also measured with Western blot both in rat cerebral cortex and liver.ResultsSubchronic exposure to AN significantly inhibited bodyweight-gain and increased the liver CYP2E1 expression compared with the control. In addition, AN significantly increased H2S levels in rat plasma and serum, but not in liver. The endogenous H2S level in rat cerebral cortex was also significantly increased upon AN treatment, when expression of the major H2S-generating enzymes, CBS and 3-MPST were significantly enhanced. However, hepatic protein levels of CBS and CSE were significantly increased, whereas hepatic levels of 3-MPST were significantly decreased.ConclusionThis study showed that sub-chronic AN exposure increased endogenous H2S contents in rat blood and brain tissues, but not liver, which may be resulted from the distinct expression profile of H2S-producing enzymes in response to AN. The blood H2S contents may be applied as a potential novel biomarker for surveillance of chronically AN-exposed populations.HighlightsSubchronic intraperitoneal exposure to acrylonitrile increased H2S content in rat blood and cerebral cortex, but not in liver.Distinct tissue expression profiles of H2S-producing enzymes contribute to the acrylonitrile-induced differential effects on the H2S level.Blood H2S level may be a biomarker for subchronic exposure to acrylonitrile.
Knee osteoarthritis in midlife women: unique considerations and comprehensive management
Authors: Curry Zachary A. , Beling Alexandra , Borg-Stein Joanne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common musculoskeletal condition that particularly afflicts women in menopause. The purpose of this review is to describe the pathophysiology and treatment considerations for this subset of the population.

Methods:
Medline/PubMed indexed articles related to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of osteoarthritis were included in this narrative review.

Results and Conclusion:
Menopause has a multitude of effects that affect KOA, including hormonal shifts; loss of bone mineral density, muscle mass, and tendon strength; and changes to pain perception. Here, we discuss how a practitioner can assess the factors that are known to worsen KOA symptoms, including postural (spine, pelvic, and knee) alignment and functional muscle strength. The development of an effective exercise program is at the forefront of management. Optimizing other lifestyle factors including nutrition and sleep are particularly important in this patient population. Sleep disturbance from vasomotor symptoms can also increase perception of knee pain, for which pharmacologic options such as gabapentin or duloxetine may be pursued. In total, these interventions have large ramifications in decreasing pain and increasing function through improved range of motion, body composition, and walking speed in women with KOA.