bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on boiling heat transfer mechanism based on microlayer evaporation theory
Authors: Dong Wu-han , Gao Ming , Shen Zhong-xiang , Zhang Li-xin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based on dynamic microlayer evaporation model. Heat transfer mechanism of nuclear boiling and microlayer thickness under single bubble on heated surface. It has a lot to do with the temperature of the wall. Therefore, this paper studies the mechanism of bubble microlayer and makes comparative analysis with its experiments. It is helpful to master nuclear boiling heat transfer more comprehensively. In the study of individual bubble microlayer thickness. The effects of time and radius on wall temperature are considered in this paper. The theoretical formula of initial thickness of microlayer is deduced. The theoretical formula is compared with the experimental data of microlayer evaporation under the nucleation bubble. It was found that the experimental data fell within ±25% of the formula range. It is consistent with the previous experimental research.
Numerical Simulation of Noise Characteristics of Open Rotor
Authors: Wei Qing , Chen Zhengwu , Tong Fan , Li Guangming , Cui Panwang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In order to investigate the noise characteristics of open rotor, numerical simulation was performed for an open rotor which contains 11 blades for the front row and 9 blades for the rear row. The aerodynamic noise of the open rotor was compared with a single propeller, i.e. the front row propeller. Numerical results show that predicted noise field results agree well with the literature. The noise spectrum of the open rotor is obviously more complex and higher than that of the single propeller. In addition, the contribution of different noise generation mechanisms was studied for the interaction noise. Results show that the blade tip vortex interaction noise and the wake interaction noise are the main noise generation mechanisms while the hub vortex interaction noise contributes less to the interaction noise. Blade tip vortex interaction noise and wake interaction noise need to be paid more attention. The investigation result may help to develop relevant noise reduction techniques for the open rotor.
Experimental investigation on the heat transfer enhancement of steam condensation on tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid surface
Authors: Li Huanmin , You Zhuo , Zhang Hao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The heat transfer enhancement of steam condensation on tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid surface have been investigated comprehensively through experiment. It has been found that the steam condensation heat transfer performance on the tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic hybrid surface has been enhanced significantly compared to that with hydrophilic surface. The results show that the steam pressure, cooling water velocity (flow rate) and non-condensable gas have influences on the steam condensation heat transfer performance on both tubes. The steam condensation heat transfer enhancement on the tube with hydrophilic-hydrophobic surfaces is due to the droplet drainage from hydrophobic stripes to hydrophilic stripes accelerating the discharge and formation of condensate from the tube. This work can be a guide for the design of enhanced condensing heat exchanger.
Exploring the Deviation of the Kinetic Energy Equation in Classical Physics and Theory of Relativity using Taylor Series
Authors: sha Shuo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Isaac Newton’s system of classical physics continued to be the prevalent physics theory until Albert Einstein’s establishment of the theory of relativity, which is now perceived as modern physics. However, what is the essential difference between these theories? And what are the practical implications of these deviations between classical and modern physics? This essay utilizes Taylor Series to examine the difference in the expressions for kinetic energy in both theories. In conclusion, the equation for kinetic energy in classical physics deviates from that of modern physics in terms of its precision: classical physics can be an efficient tool to employ when calculating the energy for low-velocity objects with less accurate results, whereas modern physics is more generally utilized for high-velocity objects with high demand for accuracy.
Multiple solutions for sublinear Schrödinger-Poisson equations
Authors: Xu Na , Yang Ruijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the multiplicity result to the nonlinear equations with sign-changing potential{−Δu+a(x)u+λb(x)ϕ(x)u=g(x,u)inΩ,−Δϕ=b(x)u2,inΩ,u=0,ϕ=0,on∂Ωhere Ω is a bounded domain, λ> 0,gis a sign-changing nonlinearity and is a sublinear growth. Under appropriate assumptions for a(x), the multiplicity result is proved for λ >0 small enough.
Structure study of water in alcohol-water binary system based on Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Han Chunmiao , Gao Jiawang , Sun Wei , Han Cunxin , Li Fulu , Li Bing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The structure of water and the interaction between in the binary mixture of methanol-water and isopropanol-water at various mole fractions of alcohols were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the tetrahedral hydrogen bonding network of water molecules is expanded at 0 < X methanol < 0.4, and the coordination number of water molecules becomes lower at 0.4 < Xmethanol < 0.5, which is due to the aggregation of methanol molecules under hydrophobic hydration as the molar fraction of methanol increases, resulting in a decrease in the total area of interaction between hydrophobic groups and water molecules in solution. In turn, the hydrophilic groups of methanol molecules break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules by forming hydrogen bonds with the free water molecules around them. When Xmethanol > 0.5, the hydrogen bonding network of water molecules becomes loose and eventually exists in solution as clusters of varying sizes. Due to the difference in chain length, the number of alkyl groups in isopropanol and methanol is different, so the hydrophobic group interacts with water more strongly and has a stronger effect on “breaking up” the water clusters.
Synchronization Tracking Of Uncertain Nonidentical Multi-USV system
Authors: Jiang Xiaolong , Bai Xiaoyong , Yang Zanfu , Ma Shuo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We propose a distributed adaptive synchronous tracking control algorithm for the heterogeneous multi-unmanned surface vehicles described by the Euler-Lagrange system. In multi-unmanned surface vehicles system, the inter-communication state can be represented by a directed topology graph, and only part of unmanned surface vehicles can directly acquire the accurate information of time-varying reference trajectory. The proposed algorithm can implement synchronous tracking for multiple unmanned surface vehicles without knowing global communication information by elaborately selecting Lyapunov functions. We conduct theoretical analysis of the stability of closed-loop systems according to the Lyapunov stability theory. And we also verify the effectiveness of proposed scheme through numerical simulation.
The Controller Design of Lower-extremity Wearable Exoskeleton Robot
Authors: Shi Lei , Yin Peng , Yang Ming , Qu Shengguan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The exoskeleton robot to assist load-carrying has received much attention in recent years. The work designs a novel control framework for a lower-limb power assist exoskeleton robot. In particular, the detailed design and verification of the mid-level controller for gait walking is carried out. By studying the characteristics of human-machine dynamics in different gait phases, the corresponding controller is designed to achieve optimal control, so as to achieve the compliant and coordinated control of human-machine system. At the same time, the designed controller can also greatly regulate the energy transfer between human and machine. Finally, the numerical simulation experiment is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULATION environment, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the control law.
Kinematics analysis and visualization simulation of 6-DOF intelligent cooperative robot
Authors: Wan Yipin , Li Hantao , Chen Xiaobin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the kinematics analysis and visualization simulation of 6-DOF intelligent cooperative robot, Adams simulation technology is used to study it. The kinematic model of 6-DOF intelligent cooperative robot is established by using D-H parameter modeling method and virtual prototyping technology. According to the coordinate transformation, the kinematics equation of the robot is derived, and the forward kinematics solution is carried out. The visualization simulation analysis of the 6-DOF intelligent cooperative robot is realized, and the motion trajectory and limit motion space of the robot end are obtained. The simulation results of virtual prototype are within the range of the results of kinematic equation, which verifies the rationality of the kinematic equation and simulation model. The analysis method and results can provide reference for dynamics analysis and structural lightweight research of 6-DOF robot.
Land-use change emissions based on high-resolution activity data substantially lower than previously estimated
Authors: Ganzenmüller R , Bultan S , Winkler K , Fuchs R , Zabel F , Pongratz J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Land-use and land-cover changes (LULCCs) contributed around one third to the cumulative, anthropogenic CO2 emissions from 1850 to 2019. Despite its great importance, estimates of the net CO2 fluxes from LULCC (ELUC) have high uncertainties, compared to other components of the global carbon cycle. One major source of uncertainty roots in the underlying LULCC forcing data. In this study, we implemented a new high-resolution LULCC dataset (HILDA+) in a bookkeeping model (BLUE) and compared the results to estimates from simulations based on LUH2, which is the LULCC dataset most commonly used in global carbon cycle models. Compared to LUH2-based estimates, results based on HILDA+ show lower total ELUC (global mean difference 1960–2019: 541 TgC yr−1, 65%) and large spatial and temporal differences in component fluxes (e.g. CO2 fluxes from deforestation). In general, the congruence of component fluxes is higher in the mid-latitudes compared to tropical and subtropical regions, which is to some degree explained with the different implementations of shifting cultivation in the underlying LULCC datasets. However, little agreement is reached on the trend of the last decade between ELUC estimates based on the two LULCC reconstructions. Globally and in many regions, ELUC estimates based on HILDA+ have decreasing trends, whereas estimates based on LUH2 indicate an increase. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of different resolutions on ELUC estimates. By comparing estimates from simulations at 0.01∘ and 0.25∘ resolution, we find that component fluxes of estimates based on the coarser resolution tend to be larger compared to estimates based on the finer resolution, both in terms of sources and sinks (global mean difference 1960–2019: 36 TgC yr−1, 96%). The reason for these differences are successive transitions: these are not adequately represented at coarser resolution, which has the effect that—despite capturing the same extent of transition areas—overall less area remains pristine at the coarser resolution compared to the finer resolution.
Specifying nonlocality of a pure bipartite state and analytical relations between measures for bipartite nonlocality and entanglement
Authors: Loubenets Elena R , Namkung Min 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For a multipartite quantum state, the maximal violation of all Bell inequalities constitutes a measure of its nonlocality (Loubenets 2012 J. Math. Phys. 53, 022201). In the present article, for the maximal violation of Bell inequalities by a pure bipartite state, possibly infinite-dimensional, we derive a new upper bound expressed in terms of the Schmidt coefficients of this state. This new upper bound allows us also to specify general analytical relations between the maximal violation of Bell inequalities by a bipartite quantum state, pure or mixed, and such entanglement measures for this state as ‘negativity’ and ‘concurrence’. To our knowledge, no any general analytical relations between measures for bipartite nonlocality and entanglement have been reported in the literature though, for a general bipartite state, specifically such relations are important for the entanglement certification and quantification scenarios. As an example, we apply our new results to finding upper bounds on nonlocality of bipartite coherent states intensively discussed last years in the literature in view of their experimental implementations.
The impact of genetic modifiers on variation in germline mutation rates within and among human populations
Authors: Milligan William R , Amster Guy , Sella Guy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mutation rates and spectra differ among human populations. Here, we examine whether this variation could be explained by evolution at mutation modifiers. To this end, we consider genetic modifier sites at which mutations, “mutator alleles,” increase genome-wide mutation rates and model their evolution under purifying selection due to the additional deleterious mutations that they cause, genetic drift, and demographic processes. We solve the model analytically for a constant population size and characterize how evolution at modifier sites impacts variation in mutation rates within and among populations. We then use simulations to study the effects of modifier sites under a plausible demographic model for Africans and Europeans. When comparing populations that evolve independently, weakly selected modifier sites (2Nes≈1), which evolve slowly, contribute the most to variation in mutation rates. In contrast, when populations recently split from a common ancestral population, strongly selected modifier sites (2Nes≫1), which evolve rapidly, contribute the most to variation between them. Moreover, a modest number of modifier sites (e.g. 10 per mutation type in the standard classification into 96 types) subject to moderate to strong selection (2Nes&gt;1) could account for the variation in mutation rates observed among human populations. If such modifier sites indeed underlie differences among populations, they should also cause variation in mutation rates within populations and their effects should be detectable in pedigree studies.
APOK3, a pollen killer antidote in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Simon Matthieu , Durand Stéphanie , Ricou Anthony , Vrielynck Nathalie , Mayjonade Baptiste , Gouzy Jérôme , Boyer Roxane , Roux Fabrice , Camilleri Christine , Budar Françoise 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The principles of heredity state that the two alleles carried by a heterozygote are equally transmitted to the progeny. However, genomic regions that escape this rule have been reported in many organisms. It is notably the case of genetic loci referred to as gamete killers, where one allele enhances its transmission by causing the death of the gametes that do not carry it. Gamete killers are of great interest, particularly to understand mechanisms of evolution and speciation. Although being common in plants, only a few, all in rice, have so far been deciphered to the causal genes. Here, we studied a pollen killer found in hybrids between two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. Exploring natural variation, we observed this pollen killer in many crosses within the species. Genetic analyses revealed that three genetically linked elements are necessary for pollen killer activity. Using mutants, we showed that this pollen killer works according to a poison-antidote model, where the poison kills pollen grains not producing the antidote. We identified the gene encoding the antidote, a chimeric protein addressed to mitochondria. De novo genomic sequencing in 12 natural variants with different behaviors regarding the pollen killer revealed a hyper variable locus, with important structural variations particularly in killer genotypes, where the antidote gene recently underwent duplications. Our results strongly suggest that the gene has newly evolved within A. thaliana. Finally, we identified in the protein sequence polymorphisms related to its antidote activity.
Freshwater Colonization, Adaptation, and Genomic Divergence in Threespine Stickleback
Authors: Aguirre Windsor E , Reid Kerry , Rivera Jessica , Heins David C , Veeramah Krishna R , Bell Michael A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Threespine Stickleback is ancestrally a marine fish, but many marine populations breed in fresh water (i.e., are anadromous), facilitating their colonization of isolated freshwater habitats a few years after they form. Repeated adaptation to fresh water during at least 10 My and continuing today has led to Threespine Stickleback becoming a premier system to study rapid adaptation. Anadromous and freshwater stickleback breed in sympatry and may hybridize, resulting in introgression of freshwater-adaptive alleles into anadromous populations, where they are maintained at low frequencies as ancient standing genetic variation. Anadromous stickleback have accumulated hundreds of freshwater-adaptive alleles that are disbursed as few loci per marine individual and provide the basis for adaptation when they colonize fresh water. Recent whole-lake experiments in lakes around Cook Inlet, Alaska have revealed how astonishingly rapid and repeatable this process is, with the frequency of 40% of the identified freshwater-adaptive alleles increasing from negligible (∼1%) in the marine founder to ≥50% within ten generations in fresh water, and freshwater phenotypes evolving accordingly. These high rates of genomic and phenotypic evolution imply very intense directional selection on phenotypes of heterozygotes. Sexual recombination rapidly assembles freshwater-adaptive alleles that originated in different founders into multilocus freshwater haplotypes, and regions important for adaptation to freshwater have suppressed recombination that keeps advantageous alleles linked within large haploblocks. These large haploblocks are also older and appear to have accumulated linked advantageous mutations. The contemporary evolution of Threespine Stickleback has provided broadly applicable insights into the mechanisms that facilitate rapid adaptation.
Corn processing, flake density, and starch retrogradation influence ruminal solubility of starch, fiber, protein, and minerals
Authors: Trotta Ronald J , Kreikemeier Kelly K , Royle Randy F , Milton Todd , Harmon David L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Five ruminally cannulated steers (body weight = 390 ± 7.86 kg) were used in three experiments to evaluate effects of corn processing, flake density, and starch retrogradation on in situ ruminal degradation. In experiment 1, corn was left whole or processed with no screen, ground through a 6-mm screen, or ground through a 1-mm screen. In experiment 2, we produced steam-flaked corn at four densities: 309, 335, 360, and 386 g/L. These four flake densities were sifted for 20 s through a 4-mm screen to produce two particle sizes within each flake density: sifted flakes (&gt;4 mm) and sifted fines (&lt;4 mm). In experiment 3, sifted flakes (335 g/L) were stored for 3-d at either 23 °C (starch availability = 55%) or 55 °C to induce starch retrogradation (starch availability = 41%). All samples for each of the three experiments were weighed into nylon bags and ruminally incubated for 0-h to estimate the soluble fraction. The residue remaining was analyzed for nutrient composition. In experiment 1, whole shelled corn had lesser (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal solubility of all nutrients measured compared with ground corn. Corn ground with a screen (6 and 1 mm) had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal solubility of all nutrients measured compared with corn ground with no screen. Corn ground through a 1-mm screen had greater (P &lt; 0.03) ruminal solubility of DM, total starch, CP, ADF, AHF, P, Mg, K, S, Zn, Fe, and Mn compared with corn ground through a 6-mm screen. In experiment 2, increasing flake density linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.02) the soluble fraction of DM, total starch, CP, ADF, AHF, P, K, S, and Zn of sifted flakes. The soluble DM fraction of sifted fines tended to decrease (P = 0.06) linearly with increasing flake density. Total starch, CP, NDF, and Zn soluble fractions of sifted fines were not influenced by flake density. In experiment 3, storage of sifted flakes in heat-sealed foil bags at 55 °C for 3-d decreased (P &lt; 0.04) the soluble fractions of DM, total starch, CP, NDF, P, Mg, K, S, and Fe. With each increase in the degree of corn processing, there was an increase in the solubility of nutrients. Increasing flake density can decrease ruminal solubility of flakes; however, the soluble fraction of sifted fines is not influenced as much by changes in flake density. Inducing starch retrogradation decreases ruminal solubility of starch, nonstarch OM, and minerals.
Identification and functional annotation of long intergenic non-coding RNAs in Brassicaceae
Authors: Palos Kyle , Nelson Dittrich Anna C , Yu Li’ang , Brock Jordan R , Railey Caylyn E , Wu Hsin-Yen Larry , Sokolowska Ewelina , Skirycz Aleksandra , Hsu Polly Yingshan , Gregory Brian D , Lyons Eric , Beilstein Mark A , Nelson Andrew D L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are a large yet enigmatic class of eukaryotic transcripts that can have critical biological functions. The wealth of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data available for plants provides the opportunity to implement a harmonized identification and annotation effort for lincRNAs that enables cross-species functional and genomic comparisons as well as prioritization of functional candidates. In this study, we processed &gt;24 Tera base pairs of RNA-seq data from &gt;16,000 experiments to identify ∼130,000 lincRNAs in four Brassicaceae: Arabidopsis thaliana, Camelina sativa, Brassica rapa, and Eutrema salsugineum. We used nanopore RNA-seq, transcriptome-wide structural information, peptide data, and epigenomic data to characterize these lincRNAs and identify conserved motifs. We then used comparative genomic and transcriptomic approaches to highlight lincRNAs in our data set with sequence or transcriptional conservation. Finally, we used guilt-by-association analyses to assign putative functions to lincRNAs within our data set. We tested this approach on a subset of lincRNAs associated with germination and seed development, observing germination defects for Arabidopsis lines harboring T-DNA insertions at these loci. LincRNAs with Brassicaceae-conserved putative miRNA binding motifs, small open reading frames, or abiotic-stress modulated expression are a few of the annotations that will guide functional analyses into this cryptic portion of the transcriptome.
High Inflation: Low Default Risk and Low Equity Valuations
Authors: Bhamra Harjoat S , Dorion Christian , Jeanneret Alexandre , Weber Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe develop an asset pricing model with endogenous corporate policies that explains how inflation jointly affects real asset prices and corporate default risk. Our model includes two empirically founded nominal rigidities: fixed nominal debt coupons (sticky leverage) and sticky cash flows. These two frictions result in lower real equity prices and credit spreads when expected inflation rises. A decrease in expected inflation has opposite effects, with even larger magnitudes. In the cross-section, the model predicts that the negative impact of higher expected inflation on real equity values is stronger for low leverage firms. We find empirical support for the model’s predictions.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.