bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Glans penile necrosis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 and leprosy infection
Authors: Ismy Jufriady , Khalilullah Said Alfin , Bahagianto Aditya Fajar 
Published: April 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was firstly identified in China and has been declared a global pandemic. Several serious extrapulmonary manifestations due to SARS-CoV-2 infection have also been reported and associated with hypercoagulability thrombotic vasculopathy. In addition, cases of Mycobacterium-leprae infection have also been known associated with blood coagulation abnormality. Methods: Here, we report a 56-year-old male with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) with concomitant leprosy infection with manifestation of glans penile necrosis, presented to the emergency department with acute penile pain. This case is unique because no occlusion blood flow to the penile was observed in the radiographic imaging. We described the potential pathophysiology in this case through a literature review. Results: The patient received treatment according to the COVID-19 protocol and was given low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy for 4 days. During the follow up, the clinical and functional condition of the penis showed significant improvement. Conclusions: Microthrombus involvement, platelet abnormalities and impaired hemostasis due to SARS-CoV-2 and leprosy co-infection are the hypothesis in this case report.
Role of the surfactant in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infections
Authors: Guevara Nehemias , Sotello David 
Published: April 2022

This article reviews the role of the surfactant in the physiopathology and development of the pulmonary disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is responsible for the ongoing pandemic that started in early 2020. This virus has capacity to modify the
components of surfactant, and this increases its replication and dissemination. Given the important role surfactant has in antiviral host defenses and lung physiology, surfactant has been studied in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, much more research is needed to understand the role of the surfactant in the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and its potential use in treatment.

Key words: Surfactant, COVID 19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pathogenesis, treatment.
An Iterated Dual Substitution Approach for Binary Integer Programming Problems Under the Min-Max Regret Criterion
Authors: Wu Wei , Iori Manuel , Martello Silvano , Yagiura Mutsunori 
Published: April 2022

We consider binary integer programming problems with the min-max regret objective function under interval objective coefficients. We propose a heuristic framework, the iterated dual substitution (iDS) algorithm, which iteratively invokes a dual substitution heuristic and excludes from the search space any solution already checked in previous iterations. In iDS, we use a best scenario–based lemma to improve performance. We apply iDS to four typical combinatorial optimization problems: the knapsack problem, the multidimensional knapsack problem, the generalized assignment problem, and the set covering problem. For the multidimensional knapsack problem, we compare the iDS approach with two algorithms widely used for problems with the min-max regret criterion: a fixed-scenario approach, and a branch-and-cut approach. The results of computational experiments on a broad set of benchmark instances show that the proposed iDS approach performs best on most tested instances. For the knapsack problem, the generalized assignment problem, and the set covering problem, we compare iDS with state-of-the-art results. The iDS algorithm successfully updates best-known records for a number of benchmark instances. Summary of Contribution: This paper proposes a heuristic framework for binary integer programming (BIP) problems with the min-max regret objective function under interval objective coefficients. We selected four representative NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems: the knapsack problem, the multidimensional knapsack problem, the set covering problem, and the generalized assignment problem. We show the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach by comparing with state-of-the-art results.
Risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate (THY3f) cytology
Authors: de Jong MC , McNamara J , Winter L , Roskell D , Khan S , Mihai R 
Published: April 2022

Background Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an integral part of thyroid nodule assessment. Nodules with an indeterminate cytology (THY3a–f) require formal histological assessment to confirm benign or malignant pathology. This study aimed to provide data for an evidence-based approach for management of patients with THY3f nodules. Methods Retrospective review of patients who had a thyroid FNAC reported as suspicious of follicular neoplasm (THY3f) or showing atypia (THY3a) were identified, and clinical, operative and outcomes data were analysed. Results Between 2018 and 2020, 200 patients (167F:33M, median age 51 years (range:18–86 years)) had a THY3f cytology. Most presented with a palpable nodule (n=104; 68.4%). Overall, 152 (76.0%;130F:23M) underwent surgery and 31 (20.4%) were found to have a thyroid carcinoma (22 follicular carcinomas, 7 papillary carcinomas, 1 medullary thyroid carcinoma and 1 metastatic renal carcinoma). An additional incidental carcinoma (size: 0.7–13mm) was found in seven (4.6%). Among those with cancer, a completion thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine treatment was indicated in nine (<6% of the entire cohort). Previously suggested risk factors for malignancy, eg male gender, large tumour size (>4cm) or age, were not found to be associated with increased risk. During the same period, THY3a cytology was reported in 53 patients, of whom 29 underwent diagnostic surgery and 4 patients were found to have a thyroid cancer (follicular, n=3 and medullary, n=1). Conclusion One in five patients with features suspicious of a follicular neoplasm (THY3f) has a thyroid carcinoma. This risk is much lower for THY3a. This study reinforces the current recommendation for thyroid surgery in all patients with a reliable THY3f cytology, as no further stratifying risk factors could be identified.
Black flies and Onchocerciasis: Knowledge, attitude and practices among inhabitants of Alabameta, Osun State, Southwestern, Nigeria
Authors: Busari Lateef O. , Adeleke Monsuru Adebayo , Surakat Olabanji A. , Akindele Akeem A. , Fasasi Kamilu Ayo , Ojurongbe Olusola 
Published: April 2022

Background and objectivesThis study reports knowledge of residents of Alabameta community, Osun State, Nigeria on the bioecology and socio-economic burden of black flies and onchocerciasis.MethodsUsing structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), a total of 150 community respondents participated in the study.ResultsThe knowledge of the residents on the existence of black flies in the community was significant (p<0.05) as all the 150 respondents confirmed the presence of black flies with the local name ‘Amukuru’ i.e causing itching. However, their lack of knowledge of the flies breeding site (104) (69%), prevention (134) (89%), cause (132) (88%), and treatment (133) (89%) of onchocerciasis was profound. Majority 147(98%) of the respondents reported that flies bite more in the wet season as against dry season 3(2%) and have a higher affinity (124) (82%) for biting the leg than any other part of the body. A larger percentage (89%) of the respondents are unaware of any medication for the treatment of onchocerciasis while 11% are aware. There had been no sensitization on onchocerciasis according to 89% of the respondents.ConclusionDue to lack of resident’s knowledge on black flies bioecology which may continuously expose them to the bite of the flies and ultimately infection, it is paramount that the Osun State government and the NTD implementing partner map out new public health education strategies during routine Mass Administration of Medicines with Ivermectin with a view to preventing onchocerciasis infection as well as man-vector contact.
Comparison of CPU and GPU bayesian estimates of fibre orientations from diffusion MRI
Authors: Kim Danny H. C. , Williams Lynne J. , Hernandez-Fernandez Moises , Bjornson Bruce H. 
Published: April 2022

Background
The correct estimation of fibre orientations is a crucial step for reconstructing human brain tracts. Bayesian Estimation of Diffusion Parameters Obtained using Sampling Techniques (bedpostx) is able to estimate several fibre orientations and their diffusion parameters per voxel using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) in a whole brain diffusion MRI data, and it is capable of running on GPUs, achieving speed-up of over 100 times compared to CPUs. However, few studies have looked at whether the results from the CPU and GPU algorithms differ. In this study, we compared CPU and GPU bedpostx outputs by running multiple trials of both algorithms on the same whole brain diffusion data and compared each distribution of output using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests.

Results
We show that distributions of fibre fraction parameters and principal diffusion direction angles from bedpostx and bedpostx_gpu display few statistically significant differences in shape and are localized sparsely throughout the whole brain. Average output differences are small in magnitude compared to underlying uncertainty.

Conclusions
Despite small amount of differences in output between CPU and GPU bedpostx algorithms, results are comparable given the difference in operation order and library usage between CPU and GPU bedpostx.
Non-pharmacological labor pain management practice and associated factors among skilled attendants working in public health facilities in Gamo and Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wassihun Biresaw , Alemayehu Yosef , Gultie Teklemariam , Tekabe Beemnet , Gebeyehu Birhaneselasie 
Published: April 2022

Background
Labor pain management is crucial to ensure the quality of obstetric care but it is one of the neglected areas in obstetrics. This study aimed to assess the practice of labor pain management and associated factors among skilled attendants working in public health facilities in Southern, Ethiopia from November 1–January 26, 2019.

Methods
An Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 1–January 26, 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a total of 272 obstetric care providers. Data were collected using pretested, and structured questionnaires. Data were entered to Epi data version 3.1 statistical software and exported to SPSS 22 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. P-value <0.05 with 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance.

Result
Overall, 37.5% (95%CI: 32%, 43%) of health care providers had a good practice on non-pharmacological labor pain management. Clinical experience of 5 years and above (AOR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.60, 5.42), favorable attitude (AOR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.56, 5.07), midwife profession (AOR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.98, 4.27), and working in satisfactory delivery rooms (AOR = 3.45, 95%CI: 2.09, 7.43), were significantly associated with a health professional good practice of labor pain management.

Conclusion
This study showed that the practice of non-pharmacological labor pain management was poor in public health facilities in Gamo and Gofa zone. It was observed that having a favorable attitude, having ≥5 years of work experience, being a midwife by professional, and having a satisfactory delivery room were found to be significant predictors of the practice of non -pharmacological labor pain management. Therefore, all health facilities and concerned bodies need efforts to focus on providing training to midwives on non-pharmacological labor pain management practice.
Impact of medication on blood transcriptome reveals off-target regulations of beta-blockers
Authors: Rode Michael , Nenoff Kolja , Wirkner Kerstin , Horn Katrin , Teren Andrej , Regenthal Ralf , Loeffler Markus , Thiery Joachim , Aigner Achim , Pott Janne , Kirsten Holger , Scholz Markus 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundFor many drugs, mechanisms of action with regard to desired effects and/or unwanted side effects are only incompletely understood. To investigate possible pleiotropic effects and respective molecular mechanisms, we describe here a catalogue of commonly used drugs and their impact on the blood transcriptome.Methods and resultsFrom a population-based cohort in Germany (LIFE-Adult), we collected genome-wide gene-expression data in whole blood using in Illumina HT12v4 micro-arrays (n = 3,378; 19,974 gene expression probes per individual). Expression profiles were correlated with the intake of active substances as assessed by participants’ medication. This resulted in a catalogue of fourteen substances that were identified as associated with differential gene expression for a total of 534 genes. As an independent replication cohort, an observational study of patients with suspected or confirmed stable coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction (LIFE-Heart, n = 3,008, 19,966 gene expression probes per individual) was employed. Notably, we were able to replicate differential gene expression for three active substances affecting 80 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (carvedilol: 25; prednisolone: 17; timolol: 38). Additionally, using gene ontology enrichment analysis, we demonstrated for timolol a significant enrichment in 23 pathways, 19 of them including eitherGPER1orPDE4B. In the case of carvedilol, we showed that, beside genes with well-established association with hypertension (GPER1,PDE4BandTNFAIP3), the drug also affects genes that are only indirectly linked to hypertension due to their effects on artery walls or their role in lipid biosynthesis.ConclusionsOur developed catalogue of blood gene expressions profiles affected by medication can be used to support both, drug repurposing and the identification of possible off-target effects.
Benefits of integrated screening and vaccination for infection control
Authors: Rabil Marie Jeanne , Tunc Sait , Bish Douglas R. , Bish Ebru K. 
Published: April 2022

Importance
Screening and vaccination are essential in the fight against infectious diseases, but need to be integrated and customized based on community and disease characteristics.

Objective
To develop effective screening and vaccination strategies, customized for a college campus, to reduce COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, deaths, and peak hospitalizations.

Design, setting, and participants
We construct a compartmental model of disease spread under vaccination and routine screening, and study the efficacy of four mitigation strategies (routine screening only, vaccination only, vaccination with partial or full routine screening), and a no-intervention strategy. The study setting is a hypothetical college campus of 5,000 students and 455 faculty members during the Fall 2021 academic semester, when the Delta variant was the predominant strain. For sensitivity analysis, we vary the screening frequency, daily vaccination rate, initial vaccine coverage, and screening and vaccination compliance; and consider scenarios that represent low/medium/high transmission and test efficacy. Model parameters come from publicly available or published sources.

Results
With low initial vaccine coverage (30% in our study), even aggressive vaccination and screening result in a high number of infections: 1,020 to 2,040 (1,530 to 2,480) with routine daily (every other day) screening of the unvaccinated; 280 to 900 with daily screening extended to the newly vaccinated in base- and worst-case scenarios, which respectively consider reproduction numbers of 4.75 and 6.75 for the Delta variant.

Conclusion
Integrated vaccination and routine screening can allow for a safe opening of a college when both the vaccine effectiveness and the initial vaccine coverage are sufficiently high. The interventions need to be customized considering the initial vaccine coverage, estimated compliance, screening and vaccination capacity, disease transmission and adverse outcome rates, and the number of infections/peak hospitalizations the college is willing to tolerate.
Th17 cell plasticity towards a T-bet-dependent Th1 phenotype is required for bacterial control in Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Bartsch Patricia , Kilian Christoph , Hellmig Malte , Paust Hans-Joachim , Borchers Alina , Sivayoganathan Amirrtavarshni , Enk Leon , Zhao Yu , Shaikh Nikhat , Büttner Henning , Wong Milagros N. , Puelles Victor G. , Wiech Thorsten , Flavell Richard , Huber Tobias B. , Turner Jan-Eric , Bonn Stefan , Huber Samuel , Gagliani Nicola , Mittrücker Hans-Willi , Rohde Holger , Panzer Ulf , Krebs Christian F. 
Published: April 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is frequently detected in patients with sepsis and thus represents a major health burden worldwide. CD4+ T helper cells are involved in the immune response to S. aureus by supporting antibody production and phagocytosis. In particular, Th1 and Th17 cells secreting IFN-γ and IL-17A, are involved in the control of systemic S. aureus infections in humans and mice.
To investigate the role of T cells in severe S. aureus infections, we established a mouse sepsis model in which the kidney was identified to be the organ with the highest bacterial load and abundance of Th17 cells. In this model, IL-17A but not IFN-γ was required for bacterial control. Using Il17aCre × R26YFP mice we could show that Th17 fate cells produce Th17 and Th1 cytokines, indicating a high degree of Th17 cell plasticity. Single cell RNA-sequencing of renal Th17 fate cells uncovered their heterogeneity and identified a cluster with a Th1 expression profile within the Th17 cell population, which was absent in mice with T-bet/Tbx21-deficiency in Th17 cells (Il17aCre x R26eYFP x Tbx21-flox). Blocking Th17 to Th1 transdifferentiation in Th17 fate cells in these mice resulted in increased S. aureus tissue loads.
In summary, we highlight the impact of Th17 cells in controlling systemic S. aureus infections and show that T-bet expression by Th17 cells is required for bacterial clearance. While targeting the Th17 cell immune response is an important therapeutic option in autoimmunity, silencing Th17 cells might have detrimental effects in bacterial infections.
Growth and development in an extremely low birth weight infant with osteopenia of prematurity: a case report
Authors: Armenda Syifa , Wibowo Tunjung , Sitaresmi Mei Neni 
Published: April 2022

Caring for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants remains a challenge in developing countries due to high morbidity and mortality rates. In Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, the ELBW survival rate was 39.3%.1 Expected outcomes of these ELBW survivors are increased risk of mortality during the infant period and short term as well as long term complications.2 Osteopenia of prematurity is a comorbidity that can interfere with longterm growth and neurodevelopment.3
Osteopenia of prematurity is found in approximately 55% of babies with ELBW.4 Antenatal demineralization is aggravated by improper nutritional interventions during perinatal care and post-discharge care. This comorbidity is asymptomatic in the infant’s early life, but later contributes to linear growth failure, delayed teeth eruption, respiratory problems, and bone fractures in ELBW babies.3 Early detection and prompt management of osteopenia of prematurity are needed for all ELBW infants. Here we present a case of an ELBW infant with osteopenia of prematurity who we observed for 18 months. The child underwent multidisciplinary interventions for modifiable prognostic factors to support optimal achievement of growth and neurodevelopment.
Bubble behavior and evolution characteristics in the RH riser tube-vacuum chamber
Authors: Li Yihong , Zhu Hongwei , Wang Rui , Ren Zhifeng , He Yibo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The motion behavior of bubbles in a riser tube is studied in order to analyze the bubble evolution characteristics. Gas distribution and bubble movement in risers and vacuum chambers have important effects on liquid steel flow, mixing and refining process. It is found that the initial diameter of argon bubbles in the riser tube decreased with decreasing vacuum degree. The diameter of argon bubbles in the riser tube increased with increasing gas flow rate. The bubbles could be divided into the single bubble rising zone and the bubble breaking coalescence zone in the rising tube. After the bubbles were blown in, they changed from regular spherical shapes to flat shapes in the single bubble rising zone, and then broke apart into small bubbles in the bubble breaking coalescence zone. Variations in the gas flow rate and vacuum degree had significant effects on the regional distribution of bubble motion and bubble residence time. The critical height of the single bubble rising zone and the bubble breaking coalescence zone were stable when the bubble travel distance was greater than 280 mm.
Measurement of the diffusion coefficient in Mg–Sn and Mg–Sc binary alloys
Authors: Yu Yiming , Zhou Zhengfei , Tao Xiaoma , Wang Jiang , Xu Guanglong , Cui Yuwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiffusion coefficients in the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Mg–Sn and Mg–Sc solid solutions and the body-centered cubic (bcc) Mg–Sc solid solution were re-evaluated via a method combing diffusion couple experiments, error function expansion fitting, and Sauer–Freise/Hall numerical calculation. The interdiffusion coefficients in hcp Mg–Sn alloys were found to gently rise as the content of Sn increases. The new experimental data amended the compositional dependency of Mg–Sn interdiffusion coefficients and gave rise to a new set of mobility parameters. The interdiffusion coefficients in Mg–Sc alloys were determined at 773 K, 803 K, and 848 K. They showed a slightly parabolic composition dependence in the hcp phase but a monotonic decreasing trend with the increase in Sc content in the bcc phase. The experimental results in this work enriched the determined diffusion coefficients in Mg alloys and effectively justified the assessed mobility parameters in assessments.
Evaluation of ethanol extracts from three species of Artocarpus as natural gastroprotective agents: in vivo and histopathological studies
Authors: Fitrya Fitrya , Amriani Annisa , Novita Rennie Puspa , Salsabila Aufa , Siregar Silvy Marina , Anafisya Yunike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives

Artocarpus is a tropical plant known for its high concentration of secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids and phenolics. This study aims to evaluate the potential use of ethanol extracts obtained from three species of Artocarpus (Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus champeden, and Artocarpus heterophyllus) as gastroprotective agents.

Methods
The gastroprotective potential of the extracts at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW was studied in an animal model induced by absolute ethanol. The animals were subjected to extract pre-treatment for 14 days. Subsequently, the gastroprotective potential was evaluated based on the area of the lesion, the volume of gastric fluid, gastric pH, total acidity, gastric wall mucus content, and microscopic lesions.

Results
There was a significant decrease in the lesion area and gastric fluid volume in the animals that received pre-treated extracts of A. altilis, A. Champeden, and A. heterophyllus, as well as a significant increase in the pH and gastric wall mucus secretion when compared to the ethanol group (p<0.05), rather than the omeprazole or the normal group (p>0.05). Both macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed a significant decrease in necrotic lesions.

Conclusions
Extracts of A. altilis, A. Champeden, and A. heterophyllus are effective in lowering the risk of peptic ulcers since they have the potential to be used as natural gastroprotective agents.