bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Twin: Reference Model, Realizations, and Recommendations
Authors: Pinon Fischer Olivia J. , Matlik John F. , Schindel William D. , French Mathew O. , Kabir Mohammed H. , Ganguli Jayendra S. , Hardwick Martin , Arnold Steven M. , Byar Alan D. , Lewe Jung‐Ho , Mahadevan Sankara , Duncan Scott , Dong John J. , Kinard Don A. , Maiaru Marianna 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTOrganizations continuously develop Digital Twins across a wide number of applications and industries. While this represents a testimony to the benefits and opportunities Digital Twins provide (AIAA 2022), their development, maintenance and evolution still face major challenges (Bordeleau et al. 2020). Most past and current efforts focusing on the development of Digital Twins have relied on ad‐hoc approaches, where most of the efforts start with building models without properly framing the problem (Martin 2019, Lu et al. 2020). More importantly it has led to the development of models that provide a solution to the wrong problem and consequently fail to address the core questions and needs of the stakeholders (Martin 2019)]. The development and implementation of Digital Twins also lack standardization (Shao 2021), instead relying on bespoke methods and technologies (Niederer et al. 2021), which in turns leads to a lack of consistency in their description and implementation, as well as limited interoperability across applications, tools and disciplines (Niederer et al. 2021, Piroumian 2021). The development of Digital Twins has been plagued by a lack of scalable approaches, leading to implementations that are highly specialized and require considerable resources in terms of subject matter expertise (Niederer et al. 2021).The development of standardized methodologies has been identified as a means to unleash the full potential of Digital Twins (Shao 2021, Piroumian 2021) and increase their adoption across a wider range of disciplines and applications (Niederer et al. 2021). To that end, this paper presents a domain agnostic and descriptive reference model, which builds on recognized industry practices and guidelines, to support the planning, description, and analysis of Digital Twins. It also introduces real‐world examples of aerospace Digital Twin use cases and discusses how the generic reference model supports the various use case applications. Finally, this paper briefly discusses recommendations and next steps on how to realize value from Digital Twins more broadly.
Acquirer Driven Digital Engineering Transformation
Authors: Robinson Kevin , Liddy Tommie 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTDigital Engineering, like any initiative, should have a clear purpose and direction. For organisations that sit as Acquirers/Clients the Digital Transformation may not seem immediately valuable. However, for this group Digital Engineering can provide opportunities to tightly engage with their supplier network, understand trade‐offs through design and upgraded lifecycles and enhanced supplier outcomes.This paper discusses the benefits and challenges of adopting Digital Engineering in the Concept Phase, where most of the project costs are committed. It highlights that the greatest return on investment for Digital Engineering is during Concept Phase as the flow of authoritative information permeates the remainder of the lifecycle. This presents the case for acquisition agencies to both drive the application of Digital Engineering within their industry and lead by example, through Digital Engineering adoption.
Physical properties of sports turf rootzones modified with organic fibers
Authors: Chang Zhihui , Wang Cheng , Zhu Huisen , Li Deying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rootzones of athletic fields are often built of sand for the benefit of improved drainage. Sand‐based rootzones often have stability issues if the turfgrass is not fully established. The use of inorganic fibers to stabilize rootzone may create disposal and environmental issues. Previous work showed that undecomposed organic fibers such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw could stabilize sand rootzones without causing negative effect and organic matter (OM) buildup. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of sand rootzones modified with 1% (w/w) peat, wheat straw, coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) coir, and recycled cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) fiber, and 2% peat. The study was conducted in field plots during 2017 and 2018. The results showed that OM content in all treatments with 1% organic fiber was comparable with that amended with 1% peat. Coconut coir and wheat straw at 1% showed similar soil moisture, water infiltration, turfgrass shoot density, and ball bounce to the values in the 1% peat treatment. The sand rootzone modified with 1% recycled cotton had lower shoot density and soil moisture than the other treatments, despite its higher infiltration rate. All rootzones modified with 1% organic fiber showed accelerated water infiltration during the 6‐mo period following rootzone construction and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) establishment. In conclusion, wheat straw presented physical properties similar to or better than peat.
Bisphosphonate Drug Holidays: Evidence From Clinical Trials and Real‐World Studies
Authors: Wang Mawson , Wu Yu‐Fang , Girgis Christian M. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBisphosphonates (BPs) are commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis and are effective in the prevention of fragility fracture. Long‐term use has been associated with the development of atypical femur fractures (AFFs) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Drug holidays seek to reduce the risk of insufficiency fractures (AFFs) while maintaining durable effects of long‐term treatment in the prevention of fragility fracture. Guidelines suggest that BP drug holidays be considered after 3 to 5 years. However individual factors impacting this decision and outcomes are unclear. This review examines key factors in the planning of a safe BP drug holiday and surrogate markers of fracture risk in patients discontinuing treatment. Fifteen randomized control trials and 19 real‐world studies were included, including nationwide prospective studies from several countries. Increases in bone turnover markers (BTMs) and reductions in bone mineral density (BMD) were generally observed during BP drug holidays. Resurgent bone turnover was problematic in high‐risk patients in whom fractures recurred as early as 12 months following a drug holiday. Risk factors for holiday‐related fractures included older age, low hip BMD, underweight, low medication adherence, and prevalent/incident fractures. Zoledronic acid conferred the most durable reduction in fractures, particularly after six annual infusions. Five years of alendronate was insufficient in preventing vertebral fractures in high‐risk patients embarking on a drug holiday. Relatively faster offset of antiresorptive effect was seen in risedronate users with more frequent fractures than alendronate during a drug holiday. Studies directly counterbalancing effects of long‐term treatment on AFF risk versus drug holiday outcomes in the same population were lacking. In the absence of persistently high fracture risk and following a specific treatment duration dependent on the BP used, drug holidays are safe and mitigate the risk of AFF. However, anti‐resorptive effects diminish over time; ongoing monitoring and careful planning of BP resumption is necessary. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ab initio characterization of the aluminum dimer in its X3Πu and A3∑g− electronic states
Authors: Koput Jacek 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe potential energy functions of the aluminum dimer, Al2, in its lowest‐energy electronic states, X and A have been determined from ab initio calculations using the multi‐reference averaged coupled‐pair functional method in conjunction with the correlation‐consistent basis sets up to septuple‐zeta quality. The core‐electron correlation, scalar relativistic, and spin‐orbit effects were taken into account. The vibration‐rotation energy levels for both the states of Al2 were calculated to near the “spectroscopic” accuracy. The state was unequivocally confirmed to be the electronic ground state of Al2, and the electronic term value of the state was predicted to be 247 cm−1. The energies and intensities of direct electronic‐vibration transitions X ↔ A were predicted.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of thiazolo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Kartsev Victor , Geronikaki Athina , Lichitsky Boris , Komogortsev Andrey , Petrou Anthi , Ivanov Marija , Glamočlija Jasmina , Soković Marina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein we report the design and synthesis of thiazolo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. The design was based on a molecular hybridization approach. Evaluation of their antibacterial activity revealed that these compounds generally showed moderate antibacterial activity. The best activity was achieved for compound 4p with MIC/MBC in the range of 0.12–0.47 and 0.23–0.94 mg mL−1 respectively. Three compounds (4g, 4n, and 4p) were tested against three resistant strains, namely MRSA, p.aeruginosa, and E.coli, showing higher inhibition potential than the reference drug ampicillin. These three compounds also were tested for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation, with two of them showing better activity than streptomycin in a concentration of MIC (4p) and ampicillin in both concentrations (MIC and 0.5 MIC). As far as antifungal activity is concerned, the best activity was observed for compound 4i with MIC at 0.12–0.47 mg mL−1 and MFC at 0.23–0.94 mg m−1. According to docking studies, the predicted inhibition of E.coli MurB enzyme is probably a putative mechanism of the antibacterial activity of these compounds, while inhibition of 14a‐lanosterol demethylase is probably the mechanism of their antifungal activity.
Effectiveness of a manual dragging laser irradiation technique using the first‐generation endoscopic laser balloon ablation system for pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Sasaki Yasuhiro , Kobori Atsushi , Ishikura Masahiro , Murai Ryosuke , Okada Taiji , Toyota Toshiaki , Taniguchi Tomohiko , Kim Kitae , Ehara Natsuhiko , Kinoshita Makoto , Furukawa Yutaka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough high efficacy of laser balloon (LB) ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been shown, the conventional point‐by‐point technique requires a long procedure time. We investigated the clinical effectiveness of the manual dragging laser technique.MethodsWe enrolled 51 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using first‐generation LB (LB1) at our institution. The first 25 patients underwent PVI using a point‐by‐point laser irradiation maneuver (point‐by‐point group). The latter 26 patients underwent PVI using a manually dragging laser irradiation maneuver (dragging group). The power and delivery time for the laser energy were selected from a preset protocol with 5.5–12 W and 20–30 s for each application. The dragging irradiation method was performed by manually rotating approximately 1.5°/s during one irradiation application.ResultsPVI was successful in all cases. The duration of PVI was shorter (66 ± 20 vs. 116 ± 39 min, p < 0.0001), and the number of laser irradiations for the 4PVs were significantly less in the dragging group. There were four recurrent cases (16%) in the point‐by‐point group and 1 (4%) in the dragging group. There was no significant difference in the survival rate free from recurrence after the blanking period between the two groups (log‐rank p = 0.1570). The complications were similar between the groups (4% vs. 4%, ns).ConclusionsThe manual dragging laser irradiation technique using LB1 could shorten the PVI procedure time while preserving clinical effectiveness.
Seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using a hybrid statistical/dynamical model
Authors: Sabeerali C. T. , Sreejith O. P. , Acharya Nachiketa , Surendran Divya E. , Pai D. S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe post‐monsoon (October–November–December) tropical cyclone (TC) over the Bay of Bengal is one of the most devastating natural disasters causing economic and human losses over India and its neighbouring countries. This study discusses a hybrid statistical/dynamical model developed to forecast the post‐monsoon cyclone activities over the Bay of Bengal, where 80% of the TCs of the North Indian Ocean are originated. In the hybrid model, the coupled model CFSv2 predicts the large‐scale climate indices, and the principal component regression (PCR) model is used to relate these indices with the TC frequency. A solid concurrent relation between the cyclonic disturbance frequencies and various large‐scale variables is noted. The dynamical variable, for example, the zonal wind, acts as a precursor variable. We identified three concurrent predictors (ocean heat content over the Bay of Bengal, sea surface temperature (SST) over the Indian Ocean, and SST over the tropical central Pacific regions) and two precursor predictors (low‐level wind at equatorial Indian ocean and strength of upper‐level easterly jet over African coast) influencing the cyclonic disturbance frequencies over the Bay of Bengal. The concurrent predictors are calculated from the CFSv2 hindcast/forecast output and the precursor predictors are calculated from the reanalysis data. The predictors influencing the cyclonic disturbance over the Bay of Bengal are also influencing the cyclonic storms. Hence, the same predictors are used for developing a hybrid model for cyclonic disturbance and storm frequencies. A significant inter‐correlation among different predictors is observed and the PCR model avoids these inter‐correlations and, in this method, PCs are estimated on the predictors to make them orthogonal to each other. The hybrid model achieved a significant skill for seasonal cyclone forecast over the Bay of Bengal. Results suggest the potential for using the hybrid model for the operational seasonal forecasting of post‐monsoon cyclone activity over the Bay of Bengal.
Comparison of conventional and shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy for bacterial identification
Authors: Lorenz Björn , Guo Shuxia , Raab Christoph , Leisching Patrick , Bocklitz Thomas , Rösch Petra , Popp Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is an emerging tool for fast bacterial identification. However, Raman spectroscopy is depending on suitable preprocessing of the spectra, thereby background removal is a decisive step for conventional Raman spectroscopy. The background has to be estimated, which is challenging especially for high fluorescence backgrounds. Shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) eliminates the background through the experimental procedure and holds as promising approach for highly fluorescent samples. Bacterial Raman spectra might be especially complex because these spectra consist of a multitude of overlapping Raman bands from a large multiplicity of biomolecules and only subtitle differences between the species Raman spectra enable the bacterial identification. Here, we investigate the benefits of SERDS compared with conventional Raman spectroscopy specific for the study and identification of bacteria. The comparison utilizes spectra sets of four bacterial species measured with conventional Raman spectroscopy and SERDS and covers three processing approaches for SERDS spectra, for example, the reconstruction with a non‐negative least square algorithm.
Preparation and characterization of W1/O/W2 emulsions stabilized by glycated and heat‐modified egg white proteins
Authors: Su Yujie , Lu Cheng , Chang Cuihua , Li Junhua , Sun Yujia , Zhang Wanqiu , Gong Lin , Gu Luping , Yang Yanjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W1/O/W2) emulsions stabilized by protein–carbohydrate complexes were prepared from an inner water phase (W1), an oil phase (O) and an outer water phase (W2). The complexes consisted of heat‐induced aggregates (HIAs) of isomalto‐oligosaccharide/egg white protein Maillard conjugates. The effects of polyglycerol ester of polyricinoleic acid (PGPR) concentration, HIA concentration, W1‐to‐O volume ratio and W1/O‐to‐W2 volume ratio on the properties of the W1/O/W2 emulsions were systematically investigated.RESULTSAt sufficiently high PGPR concentrations (>2%), the emulsions possess a high negative charge (≈−44 mV). The encapsulation efficiency of the emulsions, which was determined by incorporating a hydrophilic yellow dye in the inner water phase prior to homogenization, was relatively high (up to 93%) and did not change significantly during 14‐day storage at 4 °C. All emulsions were fluids that exhibited shear thinning behavior.CONCLUSIONOverall, this study shows that nature‐derived emulsifiers can be used to create W1/O/W2 emulsions suitable for application in the food industry. In addition, we provided a viable strategy to encapsulate water‐soluble nutrients. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Single surgeon versus co‐surgeon bilateral mastectomy: Comparing outcomes and costs based on health economic modeling from the perspective of the hospital system
Authors: Hudson Laura , Reese Emily , Hecksher Anna , Schepel Courtney , Trufan Sally J. , Cruz Adilen , Verbyla Allison , White Richard L. , Hadzikadic‐Gusic Lejla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionCo‐surgeon approach for bilateral mastectomy may lead to shorter operative times and improved outcomes compared with single‐surgeon approach, but cost differences remain unclear. Economic models were applied to determine whether either approach offered a lower cost opportunity.MethodsA retrospective review of 409 patients undergoing single‐surgeon or co‐surgeon bilateral mastectomy between January 1, 2010 through April 30, 2016 was conducted. Outcomes included narcotic and antinausea doses, length of stay (LOS), and operative time. Analyses stratified by reconstruction and no reconstruction included Wilcoxon tests, Poisson regression, generalized linear models, and a cost calculator.ResultsOf 409 patients, 310 had reconstruction and 99 had no reconstruction. Compared with single‐surgeon approach, co‐surgeon approach was associated with less operative time and shorter LOS (233 vs. 250 min and 1.0 vs. 1.8 days no reconstruction; and 429 vs. 493 min and 2.2 vs. 2.8 days reconstruction). Economic analysis demonstrated less operative time, shorter LOS, and lower average cost for co‐surgeon approach ($32,400 vs. $34,400 no reconstruction; and $76,700 vs. $79,400 reconstruction).ConclusionCompared with the single‐surgeon, the co‐surgeon approach with reconstruction was associated with a statistically significant decrease in operative time and LOS. Economic analysis estimated the co‐surgeon approach could lead to lower costs.
Hepatitis E seroprevalence, cases and management in a large German centre for liver transplantation
Authors: Nkongolo Shirin , Mohr Isabelle , Wenzel Jürgen J. , Khalid Dina , Mieth Markus , Mehrabi Arianeb , Weiss Karl Heinz , Schnitzler Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an increasingly recognised pathogen in industrialised countries, in particular genotype 3. Patients with underlying liver disease are at increased risk for severe course of the infection. Additionally, patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy can develop chronic HEV infection, which may cause further liver damage and ultimately lead to cirrhosis, decompensation or death.MethodsThis retrospective study assessed 1023 patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation, of which 636 were transplanted, for conducted HEV diagnostics, courses of disease and management, in the time from 2007 to 2018. Viral loads and HEV genotypes were determined retrospectively for selected cases.ResultsWe found a seroprevalence of 29.7%. Forty‐five patients (4.4%) seroconverted during the study period, indicating newly acquired infection. HEV replication was detected in nine patients (0.9%), seven of which were managed in our clinic and further analysed. Three of these patients were diagnosed with active HEV infection retrospectively. All patients with replicating HEV were liver‐transplanted and therefore treated with immunosuppressants; four developed chronic infection >3 months. Two patients were also diagnosed with graft rejection when they had active hepatitis E. Patients who received antiviral treatment with Ribavirin cleared the infection and normalised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels within few weeks.ConclusionThe results argue for more and systematic HEV testing of liver‐transplanted patients, in routine settings and especially when ALT is elevated, as infections may be significantly underdiagnosed. Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy who develop chronic infection can effectively be treated to prevent further liver damage.
Post‐farmland conversion spatio‐temporal dynamics of net soil nitrogen mineralization and availability in a chronosequence of Zanthoxylum bungeanum plantations
Authors: Saba Tahseen , Lv Chen , Wang Jingyan , Hui Wenkai , Hassan Waseem , Gong Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAfforestation on cultivated farmlands causes major shifts in the nitrogen (N) cycle. The consequences of large‐scale Zanthoxylum bungeanum afforestation on spatio‐temporal patterns of soil N mineralization and inorganic N (ION) availability have not been reported. Moreover, the regulatory roles of microbial biomass and soluble organic N (MBN and SON) in the N cycle are poorly characterized in soils below 20 cm. To investigate the long‐term effects of afforestation on the governing mechanism of vertical N dynamics, a 0–100 cm soil profile was collected from a chronosequence of Z. bungeanum plantations aged 8‐year (H8), 15‐year (H15), 20‐year (H20) and 28‐year (H28), as well as adjacent farmland and abandoned‐land (28‐year) as controls in an arid valley in Southwest China. With increasing stand age, conversion of farmland to Z. bungeanum plantations significantly improved soil organic carbon, available nutrients, and all N forms. These impacts were more evident in the topsoil (0–20 cm) than in the subsoil layers. MBN and SON contents improved by 1.42‐fold and 1.34‐fold in H28, respectively, compared to H8. Net N mineralization (1.31‐fold), net nitrification rates (1.30‐fold), and total ION (1.31‐fold) content followed similar trends of increase along with the stand age. Correlation and redundancy analysis also established a positive relationship and demonstrated that increased ION availability is due to improved MBN, SON, and urease activity with the plantations age. Although the nitrate‐N content was highest in abandoned‐land, its content also increased steadily in Z. bungeanum plantations with the stand age. A relatively low ammonium/nitrate ratio (0.331) in H28 advocated improved N supply via nitrification as well as low N leaching risks from plantations. The spatial investigation provided novel insights into controls of N cycle and suggested converting farmland to Z. bungeanum plantations is a suitable approach for restoring soil N.