bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Card Sorting for User Experience Design
Authors: de Quincey Ed , Mitchell James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper reviews types and uses of card sorting and how a relatively unpopularized variation of card sorting—‘repeated single-criterion sorting’—can be applied to the information architecture design of digital music services. A total of 52 respondents were asked to sort, using their own choice of criteria, 12 popular songs using an online card sorting tool. Once respondents had chosen a construct for a particular sort e.g. ‘Genre’, they placed each card into a named category, e.g. ‘Rock’, ‘Pop’, and were encouraged to repeat this process until they could think of no more constructs. High levels of agreement were found for a small number of constructs such as ‘genre’, ‘gender’ and ‘speed of song’, but the remaining constructs were individual to each respondent e.g. ‘songs that make me cry’. The results highlighted differences with current approaches to music categorization, as well as the potential for repeated single-criterion sorting to be used to design faceted navigation structures and form part of the user-centred design process.
Science communication challenges about antimicrobial resistance in animal agriculture: insights from stakeholders
Authors: King Andy J. , Wald Dara M. , Coberley Denise D. , Dahlstrom Michael F. , Plummer Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Communicating about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) requires technical knowledge, consideration of audience values and appropriate identification of communication strategies for multiple audiences. Within the context of animal agriculture, communicating about AMR represents an important and complex endeavour for veterinarians, governmental agencies, producers and the industry to convey policy and practice information regarding the use of antimicrobials in food animals.

Objectives
To assess the science communication challenges related to AMR by identifying the motivations, goals and struggles of animal agriculture stakeholders when communicating about AMR and AMS.

Methods
Participants attending a meeting on AMR communication in animal agriculture (N = 80) completed a workshop on science communication, including small group meetings with oral/written comments collected. Participants included veterinarians, government agency representatives, industry stakeholders and producers.

Results
Results indicated participants believed providing more accurate information would resolve misunderstanding and concern about AMR to other stakeholders, counter to recommendations of science communicators. Other participants noted beliefs about the utility of stories in trying to explain how AMS is normative and consistent with the values of all parties interested in animal agriculture. Participants noted the importance of public engagement, even if the participants’ perceived target audiences did not include the public.

Conclusions
Communicating about AMR and AMS in animal agriculture contexts provide unique challenges. Few evidence-based recommendations are available for science communicators in these contexts and more research is needed to improve the quality of communication about AMR and AMS in animal agriculture.
Inviting patients to identify diagnostic concerns through structured evaluation of their online visit notes
Authors: Giardina Traber D , Choi Debra T , Upadhyay Divvy K , Korukonda Saritha , Scott Taylor M , Spitzmueller Christiane , Schuerch Conrad , Torretti Dennis , Singh Hardeep 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The 21st Century Cures Act mandates patients’ access to their electronic health record (EHR) notes. To our knowledge, no previous work has systematically invited patients to proactively report diagnostic concerns while documenting and tracking their diagnostic experiences through EHR-based clinician note review.

Objective
To test if patients can identify concerns about their diagnosis through structured evaluation of their online visit notes.

Methods
In a large integrated health system, patients aged 18–85 years actively using the patient portal and seen between October 2019 and February 2020 were invited to respond to an online questionnaire if an EHR algorithm detected any recent unexpected return visit following an initial primary care consultation (“at-risk” visit). We developed and tested an instrument (Safer Dx Patient Instrument) to help patients identify concerns related to several dimensions of the diagnostic process based on notes review and recall of recent “at-risk” visits. Additional questions assessed patients’ trust in their providers and their general feelings about the visit. The primary outcome was a self-reported diagnostic concern. Multivariate logistic regression tested whether the primary outcome was predicted by instrument variables.

Results
Of 293 566 visits, the algorithm identified 1282 eligible patients, of whom 486 responded. After applying exclusion criteria, 418 patients were included in the analysis. Fifty-one patients (12.2%) identified a diagnostic concern. Patients were more likely to report a concern if they disagreed with statements “the care plan the provider developed for me addressed all my medical concerns” [odds ratio (OR), 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45–4.87) and “I trust the provider that I saw during my visit” (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.19–3.71) and agreed with the statement “I did not have a good feeling about my visit” (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.09–2.01).

Conclusion
Patients can identify diagnostic concerns based on a proactive online structured evaluation of visit notes. This surveillance strategy could potentially improve transparency in the diagnostic process.
Assessment of electronic surveillance and knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) survey toward imported malaria surveillance system acceptance in France
Authors: Thellier Marc , Houzé Sandrine , Pradine Bruno , Piarroux Renaud , Musset Lise , Kendjo Eric ,   French Imported Malaria Study Group
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
An electronic surveillance system was released to monitor morbidity and mortality incidence of imported malaria cases, investigate autochthonous cases, and assess chemosensitivity of Plasmodium isolates among travelers to and from endemic areas. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of an electronic surveillance system for imported malaria in France.

Materials and Methods
Three main indicators were used to assess the online malaria web-based surveillance system: (1) the quality of the surveillance system; (2) the capacity of the online system to early warning in case of particular events of public health; (3) the knowledge, attitude, and practice of online electronic system by practitioners of malaria network in France.

Results
Overall, the median time onset a case is reported to the system decrease by 99%, ranging from 227 days (144–309) to 2 days (1–6) in 2006 and 2020, respectively.

Conclusion
The online malaria surveillance system in France has demonstrated its effectiveness and can therefore be extended to carry out numerous investigations linked to research on malaria.
Transfer Payment Systems and Financial Distress: Insights from Health Insurance Premium Subsidies
Authors: Schmid Christian P R , Schreiner Nicolas , Stutzer Alois 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
How should payment systems of means-tested benefits be designed to improve the financial situation of needy recipients most effectively? We study this question in the context of mandatory health insurance in Switzerland, where recipients initially receive either a cash transfer or subsidized insurance premiums (a form of in-kind transfer). A federal reform in 2014 forced cantons (i.e. states) to universally switch to in-kind provision. We exploit this setting based on a difference-in-differences design, analyzing eight years of rich individual-level accounting data and applying a machine learning approach to identify cash recipients prior to the reform. We find that switching from cash to in-kind transfers persistently reduces the likelihood of late premium payments by about 20% and of government debt collection for long-term missed payments by approximately 12%. There is no evidence for a negative spillover effect on the timely payment of the non-subsidized co-pay bills for health services after the regime change.
Gap carving by a migrating planet embedded in a massive debris disc
Authors: Friebe Marc F , Pearce Tim D , Löhne Torsten 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
When considering gaps in debris discs, a typical approach is to invoke clearing by an unseen planet within the gap, and derive the planet mass using Wisdom overlap or Hill radius arguments. However, this approach can be invalid if the disc is massive, because clearing would also cause planet migration. This could result in a calculated planet mass that is incompatible with the inferred disc mass, because the predicted planet would in reality be too small to carve the gap without significant migration. We investigate the gap that a single embedded planet would carve in a massive debris disc. We show that a degeneracy is introduced, whereby an observed gap could be carved by two different planets: either a high-mass, barely migrating planet, or a smaller planet that clears debris as it migrates. We find that, depending on disc mass, there is a minimum possible gap width that an embedded planet could carve (because smaller planets, rather than carving a smaller gap, would actually migrate through the disc and clear a wider region). We provide simple formulae for the planet-to-debris disc mass ratio at which planet migration becomes important, the gap width that an embedded planet would carve in a massive debris disc, and the interaction time-scale. We also apply our results to various systems, and in particular show that the disc of HD 107146 can be reasonably well-reproduced with a migrating, embedded planet. Finally, we discuss the importance of planet–debris disc interactions as a tool for constraining debris disc masses.
Association between magnitude of femoral head collapse and quality of life in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Iwasa Makoto , Ando Wataru , Uemura Keisuke , Hamada Hidetoshi , Takao Masaki , Sugano Nobuhiko 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe magnitude of femoral head collapse (MFHC) is one of the criteria for staging osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The present study aimed to clarify the relationship between MFHC and hip pain or functional quality of life (QOL) scores in patients with ONFH.MethodsSeventy patients with ONFH who had femoral head collapse without osteoarthritic changes were divided into four groups based on MFHC by 1 mm. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). QOL was evaluated using patient-reported outcome measures such as the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip-Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), and Short Form-12 Health Survey, version 2 (SF-12v2). We also explored the relationship between MFHC and QOL.ResultsPain score and satisfaction score in the VAS, JHEQ pain subscale, JHEQ movement subscale, and JHEQ total score were significantly associated with MFHC, and no significant differences were found between groups in any subscale or total score for OHS and SF-12v2.ConclusionIn patients with ONFH, differences in MFHC by 1 mm were associated with deterioration of some pain VAS and QOL outcomes.
Impacts of import restrictions on poultry producers in Ghana
Authors: Zamani Omid , Chibanda Craig , Pelikan Janine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the potential effects of trade restrictions and alternative tariff policies, including a tariff wedge between feed and final products on the Ghanaian poultry producers. We apply a hybrid approach that uses qualitative results of a Delphi study to define scenarios for a modified global general equilibrium model. The projected production changes are then used as inputs into a typical farm analysis that disentangles the effects for broiler farm types in Ghana. The effect of expanding a tariff wedge between final and feed products by 5 per cent, either through increasing the tariff rates of the final product or through abolishing the tariffs on feed products, is small in our case. However, increasing the tariff rate of the final product to the maximum level of bound tariff (i.e. 99 per cent) or a complete ban has a larger effect on domestic production. It increases the production by 104 per cent and up to 254 per cent, respectively. The typical farm analysis reveals that large-scale farms are better positioned to increase production than small and medium farm types.
Tocilizumab for the treatment of giant cell arteritis in Scotland: a report on behalf of the Scottish Society for Rheumatology standards subgroup
Authors: Cronin Owen , Preston Hannah , Fahmy Heba , Kuske Barbara , Singh Malinder , Scott Naomi , Kerrigan Sean , Moran Lucy , Harvie John , Harris Helen , Hauser Barbara , McKay Neil D 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to describe a modern National Health Service (NHS) Scotland cohort of patients with GCA over 12 months of care to include clinical presentation, practices relating to assessment and treatment, and specifically, the use of tocilizumab.MethodsA multicentre audit of patients newly diagnosed with GCA between November 2019 and October 2021 was established on behalf of the Scottish Society for Rheumatology. Clinical data were collected retrospectively by rheumatology teams at participating NHS centres using electronic patient records. An extended cohort of patients from NHS Lothian was examined to investigate outcomes of tocilizumab use for &gt;1 year.ResultsSixty-three patients from three NHS Scotland health boards were included, with analysis of data from 216 clinic episodes. Mean follow-up was 371 days. Mean age was 71 years; 62% were female. The most common presenting features were headache (93.6%), scalp tenderness (82.5%) and ocular symptoms (24%). At baseline, 63% of patients had at least one existing risk factor for adverse outcomes from high-dose CS use, namely hypertension (57.1%), diabetes (24%) and osteoporosis (11%). Thirty per cent of all patients (19 of 63) received tocilizumab, with only 11% (7 of 63) receiving tocilizumab owing to glucocorticoid risk factors at baseline. One-quarter of all patients (16 of 63) experienced relapse of GCA during follow-up, of whom six were subsequently treated with tocilizumab.ConclusionThis multicentre audit demonstrates that despite its availability for patients with risk factors for CS adversity and those who suffer relapse of GCA, tocilizumab is used in less than one-quarter of patients who might benefit. The reasons for this require further exploration.
Nitroglycerin-induced downregulation of AKT- and ERK1/2-mediated radiation-sensitive 52 expression to enhance pemetrexed-induced cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells
Authors: Ko Jen-Chung , Chen Jyh-Cheng , Tseng Pei-Yu , Hsieh Jou-Min , Chiang Chen-Shan , Liu Li-Ling , Chien Chin-Cheng , Huang I-Hsiang , Lin Yun-Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG)—a nitric oxide–donating drug—is traditionally administered via the sublingual route to treat acute myocardial angina attacks. NTG also increases tumor blood flow and, consequently, cancer drug delivery to tumor cells. In the homologous recombination pathway, radiation-sensitive 52 (Rad52) plays a crucial role in DNA repair by promoting the annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA and stimulating radiation-sensitive 51 (Rad51) recombinase activity. Pemetrexed—a multitargeted antifolate agent—exhibits satisfactory clinical activity in wild-type nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, the synergistic activity of combination therapy with NTG and pemetrexed against NSCLC cells has not yet been clarified. In 2 NSCLC cell lines (i.e. lung squamous cell carcinoma H520 and lung adenocarcinoma H1975 cells), NTG reduced Rad52 expression; in addition, decreased phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK1/2 protein levels were observed. Enhancement of AKT or ERK1/2 activity through transfection with a constitutively active AKT (AKT-CA) vector or constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MKK1-CA) vector increased the Rad52 protein level and cell survival, which were suppressed by NTG. The knockdown of Rad52 expression by using small interfering RNA or by inhibiting AKT and ERK1/2 activity enhanced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition induced by NTG. Moreover, NTG synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition induced by pemetrexed in NSCLC cells; these effects were associated with AKT and ERK1/2 inactivation and, consequently, Rad52 downregulation in H520 and H1975 cells. The results provide a rationale for combining NTG and pemetrexed in lung cancer treatment to improve lung cancer control.
Defensive role of Nigella sativa against antituberculosis drugs induced renal toxicity
Authors: Jaswal Amita , Sharma Samta , Uthra Chhavi , Yadav Deepa , Shrivastava Sadhana , Shukla Sangeeta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a common problem in clinical medicine and the frequency of drug-related acute and chronic kidney dysfunction worldwide. One of them is anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs that cause renal function impairment during TB treatment. Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds that are capable for treating drug or toxin-induced renal disorders. The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds (NS) against anti-TB drugs (ATDs) induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Rats were treated with ATDs for 12weeks (3 alternative days in a week). Supplementation with 125mg NS/kg, p.o. was administered to the experimental rats for 12weeks (3 alternative days in a week considering next day of ATDs treatment).
The results demonstrated that NS treatment protected against renal damage induced by ATDs, as evidenced by the reduction in serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, urea nitrogen levels, pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6), whereas improvement in histological tubular and glomerular damage. In addition, NS enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and decreased the lipid peroxidation and glutathione level in the kidney. In conclusion, NS could reduce chronic nephritis in ATDs treated group through suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. It suggests that NS can be used as supplementary preventive and protective drug against kidney injury during anti-TB treatment.
K-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus) promote theanine synthesis in tea roots (Camellia sinensis) by activating CsTSI activity
Authors: Zhou Ziwen , Chang Na , Lv Yaning , Jiang Hong , Yao Cheng , Wan Xiaochun , Li Yeyun , Zhang Xianchen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Theanine is an important quality parameter referring to tea quality. Applying nitrogen fertilizers is one strategy to improve the level of theanine; however, the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on theanine synthesis in tea roots has been less studied. In this study, the bacteria isolated from Qimen County with the maximum potassium (K) solubilization were identified as Bacillus by biochemical and molecular analyses. We show that tartaric and pyruvic acids produced by Bacillus were important components related to K solubilization in vitro. Pot experiments and enzymatic assays in vitro showed that inoculation with Bacillus-secreted organic acids increased the level of available potassium in the soil. The increased K level activated recombinant CsTSI activity (theanine biosynthesis enzyme) and increased ethylamine content (the synthesis precursor of theanine), resulting in promoted theanine synthesis in tea roots. Therefore, our study indicates that Bacillus can be a potential bioinoculant for biofortification of tea.
Do unmanned aerial vehicles reduce the duration and costs in transporting sputum samples? A feasibility study conducted in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Thakur Vishal , Ganeshkumar Parasuraman , Lakshmanan Sundaramoorthy , Rubeshkumar Polani 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The feasibility of and advantages of using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for sputum transportation for TB in Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India, were evaluated.

Methods
We conducted a non-randomized interventional study and compared the advantages of sputum transport between UAVs and motorbikes (conventional).

Results
We completed 151 transportations. Transportation by UAV (7.1±0.8 min) was faster than by motorbike (22.7±4.6 min, p&lt;0.001). Motorbikes covered a greater distance (12.09±1.6 km) than UAVs (2.89±0.35 km, p&lt;0.001). The recurrent cost per transport using an UAV (US${\$}$0.68) was less than by motorbike (US${\$}$1.4). All 26 stakeholders agreed that UAVs would reduce the turnaround time for diagnosis of drug-resistant TB.

Conclusions
Sputum transportation by UAVs was feasible, cheaper and an efficacious potential alternative to conventional modes of transportation.
Variable or Fixed? Exploring Entrustment Decision Making in Workplace- and Simulation-Based Assessments
Authors: Jeyalingam Thurarshen , Walsh Catharine M. , Tavares Walter , Mylopoulos Maria , Hodwitz Kathryn , Liu Louis W.C. , Heitman Steven J. , Brydges Ryan 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Many models of competency-based medical education (CBME) emphasize assessing entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Despite the centrality of EPAs, researchers have not compared rater entrustment decisions for the same EPA across workplace- and simulation-based assessments. This study aimed to explore rater entrustment decision making across these 2 assessment settings.

Method
An interview-based study using a constructivist grounded theory approach was conducted. Gastroenterology faculty at the University of Toronto and the University of Calgary completed EPA assessments of trainees’ endoscopic polypectomy performance in both workplace and simulation settings between November 2019 and January 2021. After each assessment, raters were interviewed to explore how and why they made entrustment decisions within and across settings. Transcribed interview data were coded iteratively using constant comparison to generate themes.

Results
Analysis of 20 interviews with 10 raters found that participants (1) held multiple meanings of entrustment and expressed variability in how they justified their entrustment decisions and scoring, (2) held personal caveats for making entrustment decisions “comfortably” (i.e., authenticity, task-related variability, opportunity to assess trainee responses to adverse events, and the opportunity to observe multiple performances over time), (3) experienced cognitive tensions between formative and summative purposes when assessing EPAs, and (4) experienced relative freedom when using simulation to formatively assess EPAs but constraint when using only simulation-based assessments for entrustment decision making.

Conclusions
Participants spoke about and defined entrustment variably, which appeared to produce variability in how they judged entrustment across participants and within and across assessment settings. These rater idiosyncrasies suggest that programs implementing CBME must consider how such variability affects the aggregation of EPA assessments, especially those collected in different settings. Program leaders might also consider how to fulfill raters’ criteria for comfortably making entrustment decisions by ensuring clear definitions and purposes when designing and integrating workplace- and simulation-based assessments.