bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valproic Acid as Adjuvant Treatment for Convulsive Status Epilepticus: a Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Sharshar Tarek , PORCHER RAPHAËL , ASFAR PIERRE , GRIMALDI LAMIAE , JABOT JULIEN , ARGAUD LAURENT , LEBERT CHRISTINE , BOLLAERT PIERRE-EDOUARD , HARLAY MARIE LINE , CHILLET PATRICK , MAURY ERIC , SANTOLI FRANCOIS , BLANC PASCAL , SONNEVILLE ROMAIN , VU DINH CHUYEN , ROHAUT BENJAMIN , MAZERAUD AURELIEN , ALVAREZ JEAN-CLAUDE , NAVARRO VINCENT , CLAIR BERNARD , OUTIN HERVE , (GENER) Groupe d'Explorations Neurologiques en Réanimation 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Generalised convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is a medical emergency. Guidelines recommend a stepwise strategy of benzodiazepines followed by a second-line anti-seizure medicine (ASM). However, GCSE is uncontrolled in 20–40% patients and is associated with protracted hospitalisation, disability, and mortality. The objective was to determine whether valproic acid (VPA) as complementary treatment to the stepwise strategy improves the outcomes of patients with de novo established GCSE.
Methods
This was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial in 244 adults admitted to intensive care units for GCSE in 16 French hospitals between 2013 and 2018. Patients received standard care of benzodiazepine and a second-line ASM (except VPA). Intervention patients received a 30mg/kg VPA loading dose, then a 1mg/kg/h 12h infusion, whilst the placebo group received an identical intravenous administration of 0.9% saline as a bolus and continuous infusion. Primary outcome was proportion of patients discharged from hospital by day 15. The secondary outcomes were seizure control, adverse events, and cognition at day 90.
Results
126 (52%) and 118 (48%) patients were included in the VPA and placebo groups. 224 (93%) and 227 (93%) received a first-line and a second-line ASM before VPA or placebo infusion. There was no between-group difference for patients hospital-discharged at day 15 [VPA, 77 (61%) versus placebo, 72 (61%), adjusted relative risk 1.04; 95% confidence interval (0.89–1.19); p = 0.58]. There were no between-group differences for secondary outcomes.
Conclusions
VPA added to the recommended strategy for adult GCSE is well tolerated but did not increase the proportion of patients hospital-discharged by day 15.
Trial registration no.
NCT01791868 (ClinicalTrials.gov registry), registered: 15 February 2012
Design of external quality assessment (EQA) schemes and definition of the roles of their providers in future epidemics
Authors: Buchta Christoph , Zeichhardt Heinz , Aberle Stephan w. , Camp Jeremy V , Görzer Irene , Weseslindtner Lukas , Puchhammer-Stöckl E´lisabeth , Huf Wolfgang , Benka Bernhard , Allerberger Franz , Mielke Martin , Griesmacher Andrea , Müller Mathias M , Schellenberg Ingo , Kammel Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The accuracy of individual test results affects the reliability of epidemiological indicators during pandemics. Therefore, the performance of test facilities and test systems must be continuously monitored. In this respect, external quality assessment (EQA) schemes are unique data sources, and their providers may serve as valuable contact for non-EQA inquiries on technical-analytical topics. However, the epidemiological importance of EQA during pandemics has not yet been evaluated.
Methods
Seventeen publications on SARS-CoV-2 virus genome detection EQA schemes were evaluated for their content of information which was aggregated and classified as “relevant”, “conditionally relevant” or “imperceptibly relevant” for the quality of public health microbiology. The effort required to report on any missing information was estimated. Extra-EQA services of EQA providers were also assessed for their epidemiological relevance.
Findings
Publications contained six to nine of the ten information criteria classified as relevant for public health microbiology. The effort required to report missing information appeared low. Information classified as epidemiologically conditionally relevant was collected only from dedicated EQA rounds. Extra-EQA services from EQA providers seemed particularly important in times of a pandemic.
Interpretation
Professional operation of non-EQA services and competent design of EQA schemes by their providers ensure that test facilities receive the best possible support during pandemics and that relevant information on the performance of infection diagnostics is made available. The importance of EQA for public health emergency response is therefore evident.
Funding
None.
Preoperative geometric parameters predict the outcome of lamellar keratoscleroplasty in patients with limbal dermoids
Authors: Lin Yongdong , Xie Jihui , Wang Hongxi , Lu Jiamin , Ma Di 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To find preoperative simple geometric parameters to predict the outcome of lamellar keratoscleroplasty in patients with corneal limbal dermoids.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 30 patients with limbal dermoids who underwent lamellar keratoscleroplasty and were followed up for more than 6 months. Seven geometric parameters were used to analyze the relationship with postoperative visual acuity, astigmatism, and scar formation and investigated for their influence on postoperative outcome. These seven parameters included the cornea-invaded area of dermoid, dermoid area, the cornea-invaded length of dermoid, the corneal limbus invaded length of dermoid, dermoid size, bed size, graft size. Furthermore, we divided patients with corneal limbal dermoids into amblyopia group and non-amblyopia group, and analyzed the clinical characteristics of the amblyopia group.
Results
The mean age of the patients at surgery was 10.6 ± 5.83 years. The 7 geometric parameters, preoperative and postoperative astigmatism of the amblyopia group were higher than those of the non-amblyopia group (all p < 0.05). Among the geometric parameters analyzed, the r coefficients between the cornea-invaded length of dermoid and postoperative visual acuity and astigmatism were the highest (r = 0.854, r = 0.714). The r coefficient between the corneal limbus invaded length of dermoid and the postoperative scar was the highest (r = 0.375). In univariate regression analysis, the cornea-invaded length of dermoid was significantly correlated with postoperative visual acuity (β = 0.270, P < 0.001) and postoperative astigmatism (β = 1.362, P < 0.001). Among the geometric parameters analyzed, the cornea-invaded length of dermoid had best stratified patients in grouping with or without amblyopia (cutoff > 2.24).
Conclusion
The cornea-invaded length of dermoid was the most important related factor of postoperative visual acuity, astigmatism, and amblyopia. The corneal limbus invaded length of dermoid was the most important related factor of postoperative scar formation. The geometric parameters and astigmatism in patients with amblyopia were larger than those in patients without amblyopia.
Physical Properties of Hardwood Bark Growth Media1
Authors: Mazur A. R. , Hughes T. D. , Gartner J. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Physical properties of various hardwood bark-soil mixes for containers were compared to a soil-peat-perlite mix. Bark-soil mixes containing a wide range of bark particle sizes were found to possess superior physical properties initially and remained satisfactory after a 13-month incubation period. However, bark-soil mixes were much less stable and deteriorated to a significantly greater extent. For golf greens, physical properties of hardwood bark or peat and soil and sand mixes were studied following compaction at 40 cm moisture tension. Initially, the bark mixes were superior and this was postulated to be due to a more uniform distribution of bark within the mixes. Based on the deterioration that occurred in bark-soil mixes for containers, it is concluded that use of hardwood bark in golf green mixes does not appear feasible.
Hardwood Bark as a Soil Amendment for Suppression of Plant Parasitic Nematodes on Container-grown Plants1
Authors: Malek R. B. , Gartner J. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hardwood bark as a soil amendment for container-grown plants suppressed several species of parasitic nematodes in greenhouse tests. Volumetric bark to soil ratios of 4:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 greatly reduced incidence of root-knot caused by Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). A 2:1 bark to soil mixture inhibited galling by M. incognita and population development of Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven and Trichodorus christiei Allen on Forsythia intermedia Zabel.
Toxicity to Hemlocks Grown in Arsenic-contaminated Soil Previously Used for Potato Productions1
Authors: Sinclair W. A. , Stone E. L. , Scheer C. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Scorch and premature casting of needles and death of fine roots of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. in nurseries on former potato farms in New York State were associated with soil As levels of 21 to 42 μg/g. Intensity of foliar symptoms varied directly with As concentrations in soil, in fine roots and in foliage. Cu concentration in soil and hemlock tissues were not related to symptoms.
Anthocyanins of Cornus alternifolia, L. and C. alba, L.1
Authors: Du C. T. , Wang P. L. , Francis F. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The anthocyanins of dogwood are quite heterogenous. Our earlier investigations on cornelian cherry, Cornus mas L. (1, 2) indicated that the anthocyanins were pelargonidin-3-galactoside, pelargonidin-3-robinobioside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-robinobioside and delphinidin-3-galactoside. Although the same cyanidin and pelargonidin glycosides were found in bunchberry (3), C. canadensis, in addition to the glucosides and rutinosides of pelargonidin and cyanidin, galactosides and glucosides were prevalent in other dogwood species (4). Pelargonidin and delphinidin glycosides were present either as minor or trace pigments. The robinoside of delphinidin has not been detected in any of these species. This communication reports the anthocyanins present in the berries and petioles of blue dogwood, C. alternifolia, and the red bark of Siberian dogwood, C. alba.
Acceleration of Flowering of Statice (Limonium sinuatum Mill.) by Gibberellic Acid (GA3)1
Authors: Wilfret G. J. , Raulston J. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Single applications of 500 ppm GA3 on ‘Iceberg’ and ‘Midnight Blue’ statice made at 87, 101 and 115 days after seeding reduced mean flowering time 90, 72, and 45 days, respectively, compared to unsprayed plants. Applications made 129 days after seeding had no significant effect on flowering. Repeated sprays were not beneficial and, in some cases, delayed flowering as compared to single applications.
The Effect of Cycloheximide and a Tridecyl Alcohol Derivative on Leaf Abscission of Nursery Stock1
Authors: Larsen Fenton E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cycloheximide (CHI) [3-(2-[3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl]-2 hydroxyethyl)-glutarimide] and Retzanol TD-8 (RTD-8) [tridecyl alcohol derivative] surfactant alone and in combination stimulated significant leaf abscission on cherry, peach, pear and apple nursery stock. RTD-8 alone was sometimes more effective than CHI alone, and combination treatments were rarely better than either material alone. CHI but not RTD-8 induced bud and shoot tip damage.
Blockage of Drip Irrigation Filters and Emitters by Iron-Sulfur-Bacterial Products1
Authors: Ford Harry W. , Tucker D. P. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Some drip irrigation systems installed in central and south Florida citrus groves have ceased to function properly because of filter and emitter clogging. The most serious clogging has been a slime formed by filamentous sulfur bacteria. The most abundant sulfur bacteria was Thiothrix nivea Robenhorst, a common inhabitant of warm mineral springs in Florida. The bacteria oxidize H2S to S and can clog small openings within a brief period of time. Beggiatoa sp., a sulfur bacteria, was also found in the slime although the organism occurred most frequently in emitter orifices.
Another serious clogging factor has been Fe deposits in the form of filamentous, gelatinous ochre. The Fe deposits were associated with iron bacteria. The sticky sludge adhered to filters, grooves, and orifices of emitters. Iron sulfide clogged filter screens and accumulated in the grooves of some emitters.
Freeze Injuries in Avocado Fruit1
Authors: Fuchs Y. , Zauberman G. , Yanko U. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Differences were found in the extent of freeze injury among ‘Fuerte’, ‘Hass’ and ‘Nabal’ avocados (Persea americana Mill.). Large ‘Fuerte’ fruit suffered more than small ones. Relatively high rates of ethylene production and of respiration were found in heavily injured fruit as soon as 1 day after harvest. Keeping quality of freeze-damaged fruit was reduced. It is concluded that the major processes involved in ripening, such as softening, respiration, ethylene production, and the activity of pectic enzymes, are enhanced in freeze-injured fruit.
Ethylene Effects on Apple Scions1
Authors: Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dormant apple scions stored in plastic bags with ripening apples at room temperature for 7-14 days show severe swelling and bark splitting due to callus proliferation at the apical end as well as general lenticel hypertrophy (intumescence). This apparent ethylene effect can be duplicated by soaking scions in (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 1000 ppm for 5 or 40 minutes. One-year-old stems cut into three 20 cm sections show the effect at the apical end of the middle and basal sections, indicating the ethylene-induced injury in related to wounding and that the effect is polar and not necessarily associated with differences in cambial activity that may occur along a stem. Some callus proliferatiomay occur at the basal end of scion pieces if the cut at the basal end is made through a bud. Removal of a ring of bark along the stem of a scion piece does not affect the ethylene-induced injury on the cut apical end but bark swelling may occur at the basal portion of the girdle. Bud excision tends to increase the severity of apical injury to scion pieces.
Postharvest Application of Calcium as a Control for Storage Breakdown of Apples1
Authors: Scott K. J. , Wills R. B. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
CaCl2 dips reduced the incidence of storage breakdown in ‘Jonathan’, ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ and ‘Twenty Ounce’ apples. The use of CaCl2, benomyl and diphenylamine in a single dip further enhanced the effect of CaCl2 The uptake of water into fruit was increased by reducing the dip temperature from 20° to 5°C or by increasing the dip time from 0.5 to 30 minutes but CaCl2 dipping was no more effective in controlling breakdown at 5° than at 20°.
Susceptibility of Peach Cultivars to Cytospora Canker under Colorado Orchard Conditions1
Authors: Luepschen N. S. , Rohrbach K. G. , Jones A. C. , Dickens L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ten cultivars of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were inoculated in 1967, 1968 and 1969 with the fungus Cytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc. and canker development was measured each season. Seasonal differences were noted. ‘July Elberta’ was the most susceptible of the group while the rest were of intermediate susceptibility. No significant resistance to Cytospora was found.
Synergistic Effect of SADH and Benomyl against Peach Cytospora Canker1
Authors: Harder H. H. , Luepschen N. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Protective foliar spray applications of the systemic fungicide benomyl (methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate) on mature peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Richhaven) demonstrated significant control of the perennial peach canker organism Cytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc. When the growth retardant SADH (succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide) was applied with benomyl, increased activity against the canker organism was found. Bioassay of the leaf tissue also illustrated an increased benomyl activity when used in combination with SADH. No activity against Cytospora was found with stem section bioassays.
Flowering of Apple Seedlings 16-20 Months after Germination1
Authors: Aldwinckle Herb S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apple seedlings of two progenies whose parentage was predominantly cultivated apple (Malus spp.) were forced under optimum growing conditions in the greenhouse. Without chilling, flowering started on occasional plants 16 months after germination. Manual defoliation induced synchronous bud break very efficiently. By 20 months after germination 86% and 68% of surviving seedlings in the two progenies had flowered. The phase change from juvenile to adult occurred 10-14 months after germination or possibly earlier.
Calcium Concentration and Distribution in Healthy and Decline Peach Tree Tissues1
Authors: Gallaher R. N. , Perkins H. F. , Jones J. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most of the leaf Ca collected from healthy and declining peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch. cv. Loring) growing on both limed and unlimed field plots was found to be non-extractable in acetic acid irrespective of leaf age, health status, or lime treatment. The concentration of extractable leaf Ca was less than 100 parts per million. Concentration of total Ca was highest in leaves from declining trees but declining trees had fewer and smaller leaves resulting in less total Ca in decline as compared to healthy trees. Large numbers of Ca-oxalate crystals were observed throughout the leaf and stem tissues. Crystals were primarily concentrated in leaf midveins. Midvein sections of leaves from decline trees contained greater numbers of crystals per unit area than did those from healthy leaves from healthy trees.
A New Physiological Strain of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Infecting Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Schnock M. G. , Hoffmann G. M. , Krűger J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report a new strain of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Bri. & Cav. named Ebnet after its place of origin, that is capable of breaking the resistance to anthracnose in lines derived from the anthracnose-resistant Phaseolus vulgaris line ‘Cornell 49-242’.
2,4-D Injury to Citrus Rootstocks1
Authors: Tucker D. P. H. , Phillips R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Four commercial formulations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), including 3 oil-soluble amines and one low volatile ester were tested at 2 rates in plots of established budded citrus nursery stock. Five rootstocks budded to ‘Pineapple’ orange scions were evaluated for damage from spray applications to trunks. All amine salt formulations caused varying degrees of damage to the bark (below soil line) and root systems, with little or none from the ester. Rootstock sensitivity to 2,4-D formulations was highly significant with trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L.) and the hybrid ‘Carrizo’ citrange being most tolerant and rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.), ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), and sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) least tolerant.
Organic Acid and Sugar Levels in Tomato Pericarp as Influenced by Storage at Low Temperature1
Authors: Buescher R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Organic acid and sugar levels were determined quantitatively by gas-liquid chromatography in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) stored up to 21 days at 2°C and subsequently ripened at 20°. The concentration of malic acid in the pericarp declined during chilling, but citric acid accumulated. Citric acid was considerably higher after ripening of fruit chilled for 21 days than in non-chilled fruit. Sucrose and fructose levels declined during storage while the concentration of glucose remained fairly constant. Both glucose and fructose levels were lower in fruit ripened after 4 and 21 days of low temperature storage than in non-chilled fruit.
Mulch Effects on Ambient Carbon Dioxide Levels and Growth of Several Vegetables1
Authors: Hopen H. J. , Oebker N. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carbon dioxide levels were higher under polyethylene, paper-polyethylene, and paper-aluminum foil mulches than over bare soil. Higher levels of CO2 were found over plant holes in the mulch than over the mulch itself. CO2 levels a short distance from plant holes did not differ significantly from the levels over bare soil. Fresh manure as a potential source of CO2 did not increase ambient CO2 levels and lowered broccoli and cucumber yields. Yields were greater with mulches in broccoli, lettuce, and cucumbers because mulches caused higher soil temperatures. Greater growth and yields of test species were attributed primarily to soil temperature modification by mulches; atmospheric CO2 levels were not a factor.
Asulam-induced Mitotic Irregularities in Onion Root-tips1
Authors: Sterrett Richard B. , Fretz Thomas A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of onion (Allium cepa L cv. Northern Oak) soaked in methyl sulfanilylcarbamate (asulam) showed mitotic irregularities in expanding root-tip cells including arrested metaphases and anaphase and chromosome bridges. Asulam at 2.4 μM increased the percentage of arrested metaphase figures after 31 hours.
Tandem Mass Selection in a Sweet Corn Composite for Earworm Resistance and Agronomic Characters1
Authors: Wann E. V. , Hills W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tandem mass selection in a sweet com (Zea mays L.) composite produced a 5-day gain in maturity, increased the percentage of plants with light-colored silks, and increased the number of kernel rows per ear. Although the differences in earworm resistance between generations were not statistically significant, they suggest a slight but steady increase through the first four cycles of selection. Because infestation of earworm [Heliothis zea (Boddie)] was very low in 1972, no selection was applied to the fifth generation for resistance, and the level of resistance based on mean larval weights and larval instars dropped. Tandem mass selection improved the sweet com population for certain agronomic characters, and maintained its level of earworm resistance.
Banding Activated Carbon to Increase Herbicide Selectivity on Lettuce1
Authors: Kratky B. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Activated carbon applied in a 5 cm wide band over seeded rows of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) protected the lettuce from the injurious effects of several herbicide combinations. Although activated carbon rates greater than 0.38 g/linear m protected lettuce, a marginally tolerant crop, an increase in the rate of the activated carbon also decreased weed control within the treated band. For conditions in two reported Hawaiian locations, an activated carbon rate of 0.38-0.76g/linear m assured protection from herbicide damage with minimal weed growth in the treated band.
Ethylene and Defoliation of Ornamental Lime Plants in Transit1
Authors: Cunningham J. L. , Staby G. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene concentration greater than 1 ppm added to ornamental lime plants (Citrus latifolia Tan. cv. Persian), held in air-tight containers caused serious defoliation of intact plants. No C2H4 was detectable in cartons of lime plants shipped from Florida to Ohio although defoliation occurred.
Optimizing Phosphoric Acid and Chlormequat Concentrations for Growing ‘Sincerity’ Geranium under Alkaline Water Conditions1
Authors: Payne R. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Food grade phosphoric acid (75%) was found to be a suitable P source for Pelargonium × hortorum cv. Sincerity and was effective as a soil and water acidifier. The best P level for overall plant development was 100 ppm P at every irrigation for plants receiving no chlormequat, and 50 ppm P for chlormequat-treated plants. Lowest soluble salts levels were at 50-100 ppm P. As P in the fertilizer solution increased, leaf concentrations of P increased. Other leaf nutrient concentrations were usually higher in chlormequat-treated plants than in untreated plants. Chlormequat-treated plants were shorter with smaller leaves and had slightly more flowering branches than untreated plants.