bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of different macrophytes in small‐scale vertical flow constructed wetlands for greywater treatment using principal component analysis
Authors: Nema Anudeep , Prasad Rajnikant , Sharma Dayanand , Yadav Kunwar D. , Christian Robin A. , Ibrahim Hussameldin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe scarcity of water is perceived as a systematic global risk due to increasing water demand. Vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) is proposed as an energetically efficient and economical process to treat greywater (GW) for non‐potable purposes. Macrophyte contributes a significant amount to the treatment process, and it depends on species, and their ecology. In this study, four single‐stage VFCW systems were planted with locally available plant species named Hymenocallis littoralis as Plant 1, Phragmites australis as Plant 2, Canna indica Plant as 3, and Colocasia as Plant 4, which were used for the treatment of GW. The mean removal efficiencies associated with Plant 1, Plant 2, Plant 3, and Plant 4 are 55.13%, 48.11%, 52.53%, and 56.39% for chemical oxygen demand (COD); 45.35%, 35.36%, 64.10%, and 56.39% for ammonia; and 32.97%, 20.85%, 71.57%, and 33.40% for phosphate, respectively. All systems show significant removal efficiency (more than 40%) of all pollutants, except TDS and pH. Among all the observed plants, C. indica achieved the highest removal efficiency for COD, ammonia, and phosphate. The obtained results were analyzed for the dependency of correlations with effluent, influent, and macrophytes used in the treatment system. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified two principal components from 13 variables and explained 50.25%, 47.47%, and 45.62% variance of normalized datasets in VFCW. The PCA also shows significant correlations of plant species with different targeted effluent parameters.
Cognitive behavioral therapy delivered via digital mobile application for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Canonico Mario Enrico , Hsia Judith , Guthrie Nicole L. , Simmons Martha , Mehta Prapti , Lupinacci Paul , Edwards Kate , Mosesso Kara , Gearhart Michelle , Skuban Aleksandar , Bonaca Marc P. , Berman Mark A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise in the United States and worldwide. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to improve glycemic control in patients with T2D, but broad implementation has been limited by inherent access and resource constraints. Digital therapeutics have the potential to overcome these obstacles.HypothesisTo describe the rationale and design of a trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a digital therapeutic providing CBT to improve glycemic control in adults with T2D.MethodsThis randomized, controlled, multicenter, Phase 3 trial evaluates the hypothesis that BT‐001, an investigational digital therapeutic intended to help patients with T2D improve their glycemic control, on top of standard of care therapy, will lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared to a control app across a broad range of patients in a real‐world setting. The study is designed to provide evidence to support FDA review of this device as a digital therapeutic. The intervention is provided within the digital application (app) and includes no person‐to‐person coaching. The primary endpoint is the difference in HbA1c change from baseline to 90 days for BT‐001‐allocated subjects compared with those assigned to the control app. Safety assessment includes adverse events and adverse device effects. The study incorporates pragmatic features including entirely remote conduct with at‐home visits for physical measures and blood sample collection.ConclusionsThis randomized, controlled trial evaluates a cognitive behavioral intervention delivered via smartphone app which has the potential to provide a scalable treatment option for patients with T2D.
New insights into the regulation of TGF‐β/Smad and MPK signaling pathway gene expressions by nasal allergen and methacholine challenge test in asthma
Authors: Panek Michał Gabriel , Karbownik Michał Seweryn , Górski Karol Maksymilian , Koćwin Marcelina , Kardas Grzegorz , Marynowski Mateusz , Kuna Piotr 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchi, the course of which is significantly influenced by extrinsic factors (specific and non‐specific).MethodsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of these factors represented by nasal allergen challenge (specific factors) and methacholine challenge test (non‐specific) on changes in mRNA expression of genes encoding the TGF‐β (TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β3)‒Smad (mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/3 [MPK1/3], Smad1/3/6/7) signaling pathway in asthmatic patients.ResultsSeventy‐five subjects were included in the study, of whom 27 were applied an intranasal allergen provocation and 48 a methacholine provocation. There were 9 men and 18 women in the intranasal provocation group, and 17 men and 31 women in the methacholine test group. We found that both examined the types of challenges contributed to changes in the relative expression of genes of the TGF‐β (TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β3)‒Smad (MPK1/3, Smad1/3/6/7) signaling pathway in asthmatic patients. A decrease was noted for MAPK1, MAPK3, Smad3, Smad6, and Smad7 genes and an increase of up to 2.5 times for TGF‐β1 gene.ConclusionsOur experiment allows us to conclude that the change in the mRNA expression of the TGF‐β1–MPK1/3 and Smad3/6/7 genes occurs after an intranasal allergen and bronchial methacholine challenge.
Effects of different bypass surgeries on LSA revascularization in patients with left subclavian occlusion
Authors: Li Da , Zeng Xiangguo , Wang Jiarong , Yuan Ding , Zheng Tinghui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionLeft subclavian artery (LSA) bypass surgery is mainly carried out for patients with severe left subclavian occlusion. This article aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of different surgical bypass modes on LSA revascularization.MethodsThree‐dimensional models of the aorta were reconstructed from CTA images of a patient with LSA occlusion, a patient with type B aortic dissection with LSA coverage during thoracic endovascular aortic repair, and a healthy 74‐year‐old man, resulting in six modes for each person: healthy LSA mode, LSA occlusion mode and four bypass modes. Hemodynamic parameters, including flow field, flow distribution, pressure gradient, and wall shear stress, were calculated using computational fluid dynamics.ResultsAfter LSA bypass surgery, distal LSA blood flow resulting from left common carotid artery (LCCA) to distal LSA bypass was 100% of that in the healthy mode, while the other modes yielded flows at least 91%. Moreover, reversed flow only completely disappeared with LCCA to distal LSA bypass, whereas reverse flow was observed in the other three modes in early systole.ConclusionLeft common carotid artery to distal LSA bypass can effectively reduce reverse blood flow in the left vertebral artery, and it is a feasible, effective, and safe option for LSA revascularization in patients with left subclavian occlusion.
Characteristics of breast cancer patients tested for germline BRCA1/2 mutations by next‐generation sequencing in Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
Authors: Oranratnachai Songporn , Yamkaew Watchalawalee , Tunteeratum Atchara , Sukarayothin Thongchai , Iemwimangsa Nareenart , Panvichien Ravat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionGermline mutations in BRCA1/2 are the most common cause of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Few studies published during the past decade reported the prevalence of germline BRCA mutations in Asian patients with breast cancer. We aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of Thai patients with breast cancer with germline BRCA1/2 mutations.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all breast cancer patients who were tested for germline BRCA1/2 mutations during 2014–2018. BRCA mutations were detected using next‐generation sequencing and confirmed using Sanger sequencing. We analyzed the characteristics of patients with or without BRCA mutations. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and the associated factors were determined.ResultsAmong 67 patients, 12 (18%) were BRCA1/2 carriers (6 each), 4 (6%) harbored variants of uncertain significance, and 51 (76%) were non‐carriers. We discovered two novel BRCA2 frameshift mutations (c.2380delA and c.8855dupT). Mean ages at breast cancer diagnosis of BRCA1, BRCA2, and non‐carriers were 39.8, 46.2, and 42.0 years, respectively. The 12 tumors of BRCA carriers were mainly the luminal‐B subtype. Two of these tumors were HER2‐positive luminal‐B, and the triple‐negative subtype was not detected. After adjusting for stages and luminal subtypes, BRCA carriers experienced worse 3‐year DFS than non‐carriers (81.5% vs. 90.3%, HR 2.04 [0.64–6.49], p = .229). The stage at diagnosis was the sole factor significantly associated with 3‐year DFS (100%, 84.8%, and 72.7%; stages I, II, and III, respectively).ConclusionThai patients with breast cancer with BRCA1/2 mutations were mainly the luminal‐B subtypes with worse prognosis than those without mutations.
Adaptive façade for building energy efficiency improvement by arithmetical optimization algorithm
Authors: Shi Leyan , Pouramini Somayeh 
Published: July 2022

SummaryTo improve the energy efficiency in buildings, a computational optimization method is suggested in this article. The method is designed based on the structure of the adaptive façade. This type of façade system can adjust its visible and thermal transmissivity for actively changing weather conditions. The main concept of this system is the optimization process. This process integrates the DesignBuilder as the building energy simulation tool with an optimization method, called arithmetical optimization algorithm, through the MLE+ toolkit. It is notable that the proposed approach can be applied to different building types and is also not involved in any specific optimization tool. In this regard, two case studies, a typical single office room, and a medium office building are selected to show the capability of the presented approach to improve the energy effectiveness of the building. Based on the results, the energy consumption is decreased by 15.0%–29.1% for the first case study and 14.3%–22.4% for the second case compared to the static façades. The adaptive façades' potentiality is indicated by the important achievements in this study.
Environmental Chemistry of Radionuclides : Open Questions and Perspectives
Authors: Beccia Maria Rosa , Creff Gaëlle , Den Auwer Christophe , Di Giorgio Christophe , Jeanson Aurélie , Michel Hervé 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of nuclear fission, atomic energy has become for mankind a source of energy, but it has also become a source of consternation. This Perspective presents and discusses the methodological evolution of the work performed in the radiochemistry laboratory that is part of the Institut de Chimie de Nice (France). Most studies in radioecology and environmental radiochemistry have intended to assess the impact and inventory of very low levels of radionuclides in specific environmental compartments. But chemical mechanisms at the molecular level remain a mystery because it is technically impossible (due to large dilution factors) to assess speciation in those systems. Ultra‐trace levels of contamination and heterogeneity often preclude the use of spectroscopic techniques and the determination of direct speciation data, thus forming the bottleneck of speciation studies. The work performed in the Nice radiochemistry laboratory underlines this effort to input speciation data (using spectroscopic techniques like X ray Absorption Spectroscopy) in environmental and radioecological metrics.
Design and implementations of high step‐up non‐isolated DC‐DC converters for electric vehicles application
Authors: Bharathidasan Mohan , Indragandhi Vairavasundaram 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn effective hybrid energy system that connects with a fuel cell, solar, and battery system is described as a renewable energy (RE) source powered electric vehicle. The consequences of designing multi‐input DC‐DC converters for various sources are thoroughly studied. The fuel cell (FC) is utilized as the major source of energy, with photovoltaic (PV) livings utilized to recharge the battery, enhance efficiency, and diminish fuel consumption. By selecting a suitable coupled inductor turn ratio, the proposed structure efficiently enhances the rate of output voltage. A coupled inductor's created leakage inductance energy can be reclaimed, resulting in a reduction in the recommended converter's power losses. Variability in RE power production and load demand are both taken into account for maintaining the power balance. In addition, a power management technique is developed and implemented in a control technique. High gain, continuous input current, low voltage stress on switches, and extensive input and output operations are some of the interesting features of the proposed converter. The converter's results are also experimentally verified with the use of a programmable DC source.
An unusual case of carcinoma with mesonephric‐like features with a spindle cell component diagnosed on the Pap test of the uterine cervix: Cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic features and diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Besharati Sepideh , Liu‐Jarin Xiaolin , Chen Xiaowei , Cimic Adela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMesonephric‐like adenocarcinomas (MLA) are rare neoplasms arising in the cervix, endometrium, and ovary. In contrast to mesonephric carcinomas (MC), mesonephric‐like adenocarcinomas are not associated with mesonephric remnants. Both entities have a similar appearance with regards to varying histomorphology patterns, including glandular, tubular, spindled, solid, and papillary, and have a specific immunophenotype and molecular features. We present a case of a 54‐year‐old HPV‐negative woman with a Pap test that exhibits high‐grade malignancy. The cell block displayed malignant cells with positive stains for PAX8, GATA3, and TTF1 by immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma with mesonephric like features was rendered. MLA can be challenging on the small specimens and often misinterpreted as other endometrial neoplasms. Furthermore, the accurate diagnosis carries a well‐described risk of aggressive clinical behavior.
Plant functional traits affect competitive vigor of pasture grasses during drought and following recovery
Authors: Chieppa Jeff , Power Sally A. , Nielsen Uffe N. , Tissue David T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGrassland biomass production is strongly linked with the timing and intensity of precipitation events. While the direct effects of precipitation patterns on grasses are well‐studied, less is known regarding plant–plant interactions during different phases of drought (i.e., dry down vs. recovery). Here, we examined how the intensity and timing of drought affected biomass production, traits related to growth rate and competitive vigor (specific leaf area [SLA], leaf dry matter content [LDMC], and height [HT]), and competitive effects in three common pasture grasses. Each species was grown alone (one individual per 45‐L planter) or with competition (one individual of each species per 45‐L planter) under three different drought types: (1) “short‐term” drought where water was withheld until the first species reached stomatal closure; (2) “prolonged” drought where water was withheld until all three species reached stomatal closure; and (3) “repeated” short‐term drought where water was withheld until the first species reached stomatal closure, plants were rewatered to capacity, and then, the drought was repeated. In all three drought types, replicates were assessed for biomass and traits pre‐ and post‐rewatering to represent the “resistance” and “recovery” phases of drought, respectively. Overall, we found (1) competitive interactions during phases of drought were primarily mediated by plant HT and LDMC, not SLA; (2) the severity and frequency of drought were key factors in describing plant–plant interactions during phases of drought; and (3) interspecific differences in traits and trait responses to drought phases were key in predicting plant–plant competition. Such shifts in competition interactions associated with interspecific trait responses to drought and during recovery from drought are likely to have significant effects on the productivity and composition of multispecies, grass‐dominated plant communities.
Juniperus communis extract ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute kidney injury through the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Lin Ta‐Chin , Lu Chia‐Wen , Chang Kai‐Fu , Lee Chung‐Jen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeptic shock can aggravate organ dysfunction and even lead to death. Juniperus communis (JCo) extract has been experimentally demonstrated to have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We investigated the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism of JCo extract in vivo and in vitro. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute kidney injury rat model, JCo extract improved animal survival, reduced kidney injury scores, suppressed kidney injury molecule‐1, and preserved E‐cadherin expression from LPS damage, as demonstrated by the immunohistochemistry examinations of the rat kidneys. In LPS‐stimulated NRK‐52E cells, JCo extract inhibited nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and increased adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression, prompting the activation of the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor‐2/heme oxygenase‐1 pathway against oxidative stress. JCo extract ameliorated LPS‐induced acute kidney injury by suppressing NF‐κB signaling and stimulating the release of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β through the AMPK pathway.
Molecular dynamics simulations, molecular docking, and kinetics study of kaempferol interaction on Jack bean urease: Comparison of extended solvation model
Authors: Zolghadr Leila , Behbehani Gholamreza Rezaei , PakBin Babak , Hosseini Seied Ali , Divsalar Adeleh , Gheibi Nematollah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the urease enzyme creates gastric cancer, peptic ulcer, hepatic coma, and urinary stones in millions of people worldwide, it is essential to find strong inhibitors to help patients. Natural products are well known for their beneficial effects on health and efforts are being made to isolate the ingredients, the so‐called flavonoids. Flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. Kaempferol (KPF) is an antioxidant found in many fruits and vegetables. Many reports have explained the significant effects of dietary KPF in reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, ischemia, stroke, and Parkinson’s. The current study aimed at investigating the inhibitory impact of KPF on Jack bean urease (JBU) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM‐PBSA) calculations to confirm the results obtained from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), extended solvation model, and docking software. In addition, UV–VIS spectrophotometry was used to study the kinetics of urease inhibition. Calorimetric and spectrophotometric determinations of the kinetic parameters of this inhibition indicate the occurrence of a reversible and noncompetitive mode. Also, the docking and MD results indicated that the urease had well adapted to the kaempferol in the binding pocket, thereby forming a stable complex. Kaempferol displayed low binding energy during MMPBSA calculations. The inhibitory potential of kaempferol was confirmed by experimental and simulation data, but in vivo investigations are also recommended to validate our results.
Multiomics to investigate the mechanisms contributing to repression of PTPRC and SOCS2 in pediatric T‐ALL: Focus on miR‐363‐3p and promoter methylation
Authors: Drobna‐Śledzińska Monika , Maćkowska‐Maślak Natalia , Jaksik Roman , Kosmalska Maria , Szarzyńska Bronisława , Lejman Monika , Sędek Łukasz , Szczepański Tomasz , Taghon Tom , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Witt Michał , Dawidowska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractT‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is a heterogeneous and aggressive malignancy arising from T‐cell precursors. MiRNAs are implicated in negative regulation of gene expression and when aberrantly expressed contribute to various cancer types, including T‐ALL. Previously we demonstrated the oncogenic potential of miR‐363‐3p overexpression in a subgroup of T‐ALL patients. Here, using combined proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, we show that miR‐363‐3p enhances cell growth of T‐ALL in vitro via inhibition of PTPRC and SOCS2, which are implicated in repression of the JAK–STAT pathway. We propose that overexpression of miR‐363‐3p is a novel mechanism potentially contributing to overactivation of JAK–STAT pathway. Additionally, by combining the transcriptomic and methylation data of T‐ALL patients, we show that promoter methylation may also contribute to downregulation of SOCS2 expression and thus potentially to JAK–STAT activation. In conclusion, we highlight aberrant miRNA expression and aberrant promoter methylation as mechanisms, alternative to mutations of JAK–STAT‐related genes, which might lead to the upregulation of JAK‐dependent signaling in T‐ALL.
U(‐Th)–Pb age and petrogenesis of Shigar leucogranites, Karakoram Metamorphic Complex, North Pakistan
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Liu Xiao‐Chi , Qasim Muhammad , Wu Fu‐Yuan 
Published: July 2022

The Shigar valley of northern Pakistan is a well‐known region for holding a variety of gemstones. As the gemstone‐bearing rock, post‐collisional leucogranites, and pegmatites in Shigar valley have been sporadically researched but the detailed and updated timing record along with the source rocks were not adequate. Here, we present comprehensive U(‐Th)Pb ages, mineral, and whole‐rock isotopic analyses to investigate the petrogenetic evolution of these granitoids. The zircon, xenotime, and monazite U(‐Th)–Pb ages show crystallization of leucogranites that spanned as recent as ~7–3 Ma. The REEs with nearly smooth patterns and distinct negative Eu anomalies in all the leucogranites and pegmatites with contrasting negative Eu anomalies illustrate significantly plagioclase fractionation. These leucogranites and pegmatites have high SiO2 content showing peraluminous geochemistry. Zircon Hf isotopic composition of leucogranites, pegmatites and gneisses have εHf(t) values of −28.4 to +7.4, −24.0 to −16.5, and −13.2 to +1.8, respectively, which shows crustal origin along with the probable contamination from Kohistan‐Ladakh Arc at depths. Furthermore, monazite Nd isotopic composition of leucogranites, pegmatites, and gneisses have εNd(t) values of −22.9 to −9.5, −25.1 to −22.8, and −26.3 to −24.8, which seems purely from crustal source. The whole‐rock Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic composition shows that leucogranites and gneisses have 87Sr/86Sr(i) values of 0.71603 to 0.92518, εNd(t) values of −22.2 to −2.7, and εHf(t) values of −44.1 to −0.2, respectively, that also confines it to the metapelitic origin. Our results overall reveal that the leucogranites are produced mainly by the partial melting of Dassu felsic gneiss from the Karakoram Metamorphic Complex, showing signatures of the upper crustal rocks of the subducting Indian Plate and hybridized juvenile Asian crust. The input of heat for partial melting is likely to be derived either from the lithospheric mantle which followed the slab break‐off or from shear heating along Main Karakoram Thrust. Furthermore, a leucogranite sample yielded a zircon U–Pb age of 84.9 Ma, and monazite U(‐Th)–Pb age of 10.8 Ma. The in‐situ zircon Hf and monazite Nd isotopes yielded εHf(t) values of +3.6 to +10.7, and εNd(t) values of +1.0 to +2.4, whereas the whole‐rock 87Sr/86Sr(i) value is 0.70522, εNd(t) is +1.1, and εHf(t) is +4.8, respectively, which confirms it to be sourced from the nearby Kohistan‐Ladakh Arc.