bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal recovery of potentials for Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems with separated boundary conditions
Authors: Yifei Jia , Jiangang Qi , Jing Li 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the optimal recovery of potentials for a Sturm-Liouville problem -y''+qy= λy, y(0) = 0 = y(1)-hy'(1), 0<h<1, q in L1[0,1] with only one given eigenvalue. Denote by λn(q) the n-th eigenvalue of this problem. For λ ∈ R, denote by Ωn(λ) = {q: q ∈ L1[0,1], λn(q)= λ}, n ≥ 1 and En(λ) = inf {||q||: q ∈ Ωn(λ)}. The optimal recovery of potential function in this paper refers to finding the infimum of the L1-norm for potential function in the set Ωn(λ). We will obtain a formula for En(λ) and specify where the infimum can be attained. Our results are closely related to the discontinuity of the eigenvalues with respect to the boundary conditions. Since the optimal recovery problem with only one fixed eigenvalue is just the duality problem to the extremum problem of eigenvalues, we also give the extremum of the n-th eigenvalue of a problem for potentials on a sphere in L1[0, 1].
Reversal of flurazepam dependence by several drugs involving neuropeptide Y in rats
Authors: Cao Ke , Bian Fengzhi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
Although benzodiazepines (BDZ) are widely used for treating anxiety, insomnia and seizures, drug dependence usually develops after long-term BDZ therapy. The purposes of this research are to find drugs capable of reversing the flurazepam (FZP) dependence, and to clarify the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in this adverse event.
Methods
Through 2-week treatment with FZP, we induced a rat model of anticonvulsant FZP dependence. These FZP-dependent rats were randomized into 4 groups, namely the FZP dependence group, the nifedipine group, the levetiracetam group and the topiramate group. For assessment of dependence on FZP, the murine tail veins were infused with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). The latency before clonic seizure onset was recorded, as well as the PTZ threshold. Competitive RT-PCR was used to examine the hippocampal mRNA levels of NPY receptors Y2, while immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to determine the hippocampal NPY distribution.
Results
Compared to the control group, the average latency to the onset of clonic seizure shortened in the FZP-dependence group, and the PTZ threshold decreased. IHC indicated markedly declined neuronal expressions of NPY-immunoreactive substances in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA1 and CA3 zones. The nifedipine, levetiracetam and topiramate groups exhibited prolongation of average incubation period and doubling of average PTZ threshold as compared to the model group. Increases in the NPY-immunoreactive substances and the Y2 mRNAs were found in the reversal rats.
Conclusion
In rat model, nifedipine, levetiracetam and topiramate can reverse the dependence on anticonvulsant FZP. During the reversal process, NPY may act as a vital mediator.
Pulse-Driven Self-Reconfigurable Meta-Antennas
Authors: Ushikoshi Daiju , Higashiura Riku , Tachi Kaito , Fathnan Ashif Aminulloh , Mahmood Suhair , Takeshita Hiroki , Homma Haruki , Akram Muhammad Rizwan , Vellucci Stefano , Lee Jiyeon , Toscano Alessandro , Bilotti Filiberto , Christopoulos Christos , Wakatsuchi Hiroki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wireless communications and sensing have notably advanced thanks to the recent developments in both software and hardware. Although various modulation schemes have been proposed to efficiently use the limited frequency resources by exploiting several degrees of freedom, antenna performance is essentially governed by frequency only. Here, we present a new antenna design concept based on metasurfaces to manipulate antenna performances in response to the time width of electromagnetic pulses. We numerically and experimentally show that by using a proper set of spatially arranged metasurfaces loaded with lumped circuits, ordinary omnidirectional antennas can be reconfigured by the incident pulse width to exhibit directional characteristics varying over hundreds of milliseconds or billions of cycles, far beyond conventional performance. We demonstrate that the proposed concept can be applied for sensing, selective reception under simultaneous incidence and mutual communications as the first step to expand existing frequency resources based on pulse width.
Preoperative Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-Serum Albumin Ratio for the Prediction of In-hospital Mortality in Patients who Underwent Emergency Surgery for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Wu Qingsong , Lin Jianling , Qiu Zhihuang , Tang Mirong , Xie Linfeng , Chen Liangwan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum albumin (SA) are related to mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as acute aortic dissection. However, there are no data on the relationship between BUN-to-albumin ratio (BA-R) and mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of BA-R for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients who underwent emergency surgery for ATAAD.Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with ATAAD and underwent emergency surgery within 48 h of onset at our hospital between January 2015 and December 2021 were included in this study. The primary endpoint of this study was postoperative in-hospital mortality (POIM). The data of the survivors and non-survivors were retrospectively compared. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between BA-R and POIM.Results: A total of 557 patients with ATAAD were enrolled in this study. Of these, 505 survived and 52 did not. The preoperative BA-R of the non-survivor group was significantly higher than that of the survivor group (0.27 [0.18, 0.46] vs. 0.12 [0.10, 0.16] mmol/g; P < 0.001). Univariate regression analysis showed that preoperative BA-R ≥0.155 mmol/g, serum creatinine level ≥96.3 µmol/mL, SA level <37.05 g/L, D-dimer level ≥8.21 µg/mL, age ≥56 years, myocardial ischemia, cerebral ischemia, and aortic clamp time ≥49.6 min were risk factors for POIM. In addition, multivariable regression analysis showed that preoperative BA-R ≥0.155 mmol/g was a risk factor for POIM (odds ratio, 6.815 [3.582–12.964]; P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the cut-off point for preoperative BA-R was ≥0.155 mmol/g (area under the curve = 0.874). The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative BA-R in predicting the POIM of patients who underwent emergency surgery for ATAAD were 84.6% and 71.3%, respectively (95% confidence interval, 0.829–0.919; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative BA-R is a simple, rapid, and potentially useful prognostic indicator of POIM in patients with ATAAD.
Mathematics in Early Childhood Education: Awareness, Perspectives, Knowledge
Authors: DEMIR MEHMET , DEMIR Mehmet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This qualitative study investigates the awareness of preschool teachers regarding the importance of mathematics education. The study also examines their knowledge and perspectives on an effective early years math curriculum and pedagogy using a qualitative case study approach. The study sample included 27 teachers at preschools located in the southeast region of Turkey. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain the required data. The interviews were audio-recorded and subsequently transcribed into full text in Turkish, with selected quotes being translated into English. The collated data were analyzed using an emergent coding approach. The teachers believed that providing a solid mathematical foundation in early childhood increases students’ engagement in future mathematics courses. However, in the absence of a formal early years mathematics curriculum, the findings indicate that early years teachers require pedagogical knowledge and a relevant curriculum to teach young children mathematics. This is necessary for the development of children's mathematical thinking and to broaden children’s understanding as to how they can improve their strategies for using math knowledge to solve problems.
Use of mesenchymal stem cells in Experimental Ovarian Damage
Authors: Fouad Hanan , Albahlol Ibrahim A , Wahab Hazim A. , Nadwa Iman H , Galal Heba M. , Abouelkheir Mohamed , Kamel Abdelkarim G. , Abdelmawlla Hassan Abdelraheem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in Bisphenol A (BPA) -induced ovarian damage. The study was conducted on 50 mature female rats divided into: Group 1; control group, Group IIa, IIb: BPA group received oral gavage of BPA with two doses of 25, 50 mg/Kg body weight daily for 15 days, Group IIIa, IIIb; MSCs group intravenously injected with a single dose of MSCs (106 cells) after the last dose of BPA. Blood and ovarian tissue levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and gonadal axis hormones were assessed. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNNEL assay and by apoptosis markers (FAS, FASL, Caspase 3, SLTM). Histological examination of ovarian tissue was assessed. Histological examination of ovarian tissues revealed that at high dose of BPA, there was significant increase in the number of atretic follicles whereas the numbers of primordial, primary, secondar, graafian follicles were significantly decreased. Moreover, all genetic and protein markers of apoptosis were significantly elevated in BPA treated rat groups with decreased estrogen receptor expression in the ovarian tissue. Results also showed significant elevation in plasma levels of LH and FSH, ovarian tissue levels of MDA, significant decrease in estradiol (E2), progesterone. Increased apoptotic cells were confirmed by TUNEL assay. All histological and laboratory abnormalities were significantly ameliorated after treatment with MSCs. In conclusion, follicles atresia is caused by BPA through upregulated expression of apoptosis related genes. MSCs induced significant amelioration of BPA induced-ovarian damage as regards apoptosis markers, biochemical and gonadal axis hormones.
Amplification of Amyloid Protein-induced Aggregation of the Eukaryotic
Ribosome
Authors: Ferdosh Sehnaz , Banerjee Senjuti , Barat Chandana 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the aggregation of Tau protein
and Amyloid-β peptides (Aβ 1-40 and Aβ 1-42). A loss of ribosomal population is also observed in
the neurons in affected regions of AD. Our studies demonstrated that in vitro aggregation of amyloid
forming proteins, Aβ peptides and Tau protein variants (AFPs), in the vicinity of yeast 80S ribosome
can induce co-aggregation of ribosomal components.

Objective:
In this study, the ability of minute quantities of AFP-ribosome co-aggregates to seed the
aggregation of a large excess of untreated 80S ribosomes was explored.

Methods:
The AFPs were purified using ion-exchange chromatography. Seeded aggregation of
ribosomes in the presence of minute quantities of ribosome-protein co-aggregates or ribosomal
components was studied using agarose gel electrophoretic and SDS-PAGE analysis of the pellets and
Sucrose Density Gradient centrifugation of the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of the
aggregation reaction mixture.

Results:
Our studies, therefore, demonstrate that minute quantities of AFP-80S co-aggregate have
significant seeding potential and could lead to aggregation of a large excess of fresh 80S ribosomes
and this seeding ability is sustained over multiple cycles of ribosome aggregation. The aggregation
propensity of ribosomal components alone could contribute towards the seeding of ribosome
aggregation.

Conclusions:
The ability of minute quantities of AFP-80S co-aggregates to seed the aggregation of a
large excess of fresh 80S ribosomes would result in the loss of global ribosomal population in
Alzheimer’s disease afflicted neurons. Hence, subject to further validation by in vivo studies, our in
vitro studies indicate a significant mode of toxicity of amyloid aggregates that might be important in
Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
Chalcogenium-AZT Derivatives: A Plausible Strategy To Tackle The
RT-Inhibitors-Related Oxidative Stress While Maintaining Their Anti-
HIV Properties
Authors: Sarturi Joelma M. , Dornelles Luciano , Segatto Natalia V. , Collares Tiago , Seixas Fabiana K. , Piccoli Bruna Candia , da Silva Fernanda D’Avila , Omage Folorunsho Bright , da Rocha João Batista Teixeira , Balaguez Renata A. , Alves Diego , Lenardão Eder J. , Lopes Eric F. , Kula-Pacurar Anna , Pyrc Krzysztof , Sancineto Luca , Rodrigues Oscar E.D. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
This study presents the synthesis and multi-target behavior of the new 5'-hydroxy-3-(chalcogenyl-triazoyl)-thymidine and the biological evaluation of these compounds as antioxidant and anti-HIV agents.

Objective:
Antiretroviral therapy induces oxidative stress. Based on this, the main objective of this manuscript is the preparation of compounds that combine anti-HIV and antioxidant activities.

Methods:
The compounds were prepared from commercially available AZT, through a copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions exploiting the AZT azide group and chalcogenyl alkynes.

Results:
The chalcogenium-AZT derivatives were obtained in good yields via click chemistry. The compounds evaluated showed antioxidant and anti-HIV activity. Additionally, in vivo toxicity of this class of compounds was also evaluated and the representative nucleoside did not change the survival, behavior, biochemical hepatic, and renal markers compared to the control mice.

Conclusion:
Data suggest the feasibility of modifying the AZT nucleus with simple organochalcogen fragments, exploring the reactivity of the azide group via 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. The design of these new compounds showed the initially desired biological activities.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thiazole-based Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Khanfar Mohammad A. , Salman Ibrahim M. , Ameer Omar Z. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR-1) is a tyrosine kinase and a validated target for treatment of different cancer types.

Objective:
Design and synthesis of novel thiazole-based analogues of anticancer agents.

Methods:
Series of 2-aryl-5-methylthiazole analogues linked to structurally variable basic heads were synthesized as
novel anticancer agents. Developed compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against several cancer cell
lines.

Results:
Many analogues exhibited strong antiproliferative activities against breast cancer cell lines, with higher potency
towards the highly metastatic form (MDA-MB-231). Pharmacophoric profiling using an in-house pharmacophore
database identified FGFR-1 as a molecular target of active analogues. Synthesized compounds were bioassayed for
their FGFR-1 inhibitory activities and many hits exhibited IC50 values in the low micromolar to nanomolar range.

Conclusion:
The 2-aryl-5-methylthiazole linked to a basic head is a novel chemical scaffold of ATP-competitive inhibitor
of FGFR-1 with potential therapeutic activities against different types of cancer.
Nanosponges- Versatile Platform as Drug Carrier
Authors: Kandekar Ujjwala , Pujari Rohini , Munot Neha , Chorge Trushal , Lone Krishnakumar , Kamble Pallavi , Kishanchand Khandelwal 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Recently nano-drug delivery systems has become integral part of the most novel drug delivery systems and has gained considerable importance owing to various advantages such as carrier for poorly soluble drugs; targeting of the molecules at desired site; protection from degradation etc.

Methods:
In current review we conducted systemic search of literature and patent inventions focusing on nanosponges. The summary of search was inclusive of various aspects of nanosponges such as drugs characteristics to be considered while incorporating in nanosponges, other crucial additive during formulation of nanosponges, methods of preparation, characterization and applications of nanosponges in pharmaceuticals.

Results:
Nanosponges are nanocarriers for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. These are prepared by different methods such as emulsion-solvent evaporation, solvent method, melting method, ultrasound assisted method etc. and all these methods were less time consuming, more economic and evaluated by sophisticated techniques available for routine analysis. These are among the most feasible alternative to address several formulation difficulties associated with the physicochemical properties of the drug. Porous nature and small particle size are vital properties of the nanosponges that contribute crucially to correct the drawbacks of the drug. The properties of the nanosponges can be enhanced when these were combined with cyclodextrins. Numerous research work was carried out to explore the cyclodextrin based nanosponges. Besides, it is also used for smart targeting to tumors and for drug release in a sustainable pattern. Nanosponges can be prepared by simple method These can be tuned to release the drug by different routes so as to achieve the maximum benefits of the drug.

Conclusion:
Numerous research work carried out on the nanosponges as drug carrier. The method of preparation and characterization of nanosponges are quite economic and routinely available. Owing to potential benefits and probable applications these can be used as efficient carrier for certain drugs. The authors expect that the current review will act as guide to investigate the nanosponges as nanodrug delivery system.
The history of the development of SD Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta from 1980 to 2015
Authors: Swe Ye Lin 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the research is to reveal (1) the historical background of SD Muhammadiyah Kauman, (2) the development of SD Muhammadiyah Kauman from 1980 to 2015, and (3) the learning model which is applied at SD Muhammadiyah Kauman. This research used the historical research method focusing more on the development of the history SD Muhammadiyah Kauman Yogyakarta from 1980 to 2015. There were five steps in this study: choosing topics, heuristics, primary source, secondary sources and critical resources when collecting the data. The techniques of collecting data are interview, documentation, observation, books and literature study. The result of this research shows that SD Muhammadiyah Kauman after the collaboration with SD Muhammadiyah Sapen makes good progress in administration of school, an increase of the number of students, and infrastructure of the school which gets better than before. The development of quality and quantity of students from year to year. The other result is the model of learning which is applied at SD Muhammadiyah Kauman is accordance with the needs of IPTEK, model of learning through playing, observation, and discussion between the teacher and the students, and to find ideas of student himself through reading books in the school library.Keywords: Education, the school of Muhammadiyah, curriculum
State and the statecract of the centrals of government Mataram Islam Kingdom in Java
Authors: Murdiyastomo HY Agus 
Published: September 2022

This study is aimed to examine the dynamic of Islamic Mataram kingdom, focusing more on administrative system in Islam Mataram. This research used the five stages historical research method according to Kuntowijoyo, which are topic selection, heuristic, verification, interpretation and writing. Panembahan Senopati defeated Pajang and built a palace in Kotagede which later was used by Mataram kings until their peak of glory under Sultan AgungHanyakrakusuma. However the defeat of Mataram from VOC caused them to lose their ground, moreover after Sultan AgungHanyakrakusuma deceased. His successor, Amangkurat I think that Kotagede as the central of economic activities considered to be no longer suitable for the central of government. Therefore he ordered to move the palace from Kotagede to Pleret. Raden Mas Rahmat, as ‘Amangkurat II’, didn’t want to go back to Pleret because it had been taken by Puger Prince, and then built new palace in Kartasura. Amangkurat III escaped to the east when Kartasura was taken. But this palace would also be abandoned later, and moved to Surakarta when Pakubuwono II ruled the place. Mataram moved its government four times, from Kotagede, Plered, Kartasura, and lastly, Surakarta.Keywords: government, Islamic Mataram.
MULTICULTURALISM IN GLOBALIZATION ERA: HISTORY AND CHALLENGE FOR INDONESIA
Authors: Zarbaliyev Habib 
Published: September 2022

Indonesia is multicultural country in which the conflicts between etchnics may occur. With regard to this, Indonesia must implement a multicultural education which focuses on (1) regions, ethnics and traditions; (2) faith; and (3) tolerance. In addition, Indonesia must assure multicultural security for its citizens, such as, keeping energy security, economic security and cultural security. This will provide a solution to the conflicts, or significantly minimize possibility of conflicts to occur. The current globalization process does not repel isolative condition, nor enable cultural development strangely. In this condition, the strategy to prevent cultural conflicts is to perform a dialogue between cultures.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of HIV Self-testing Kits Purchased on the Web and Implications for HIV Prevention in China: Population-Based Study
Authors: Luo Ganfeng , Su Lingyun , Feng Anping , Lin Yi-Fan , Zhou Yiguo , Yuan Tanwei , Hu Yuqing , Fan Song , Lu Yong , Lai Yingsi , Shi Qian , Li Jun , Han Mengjie , Zou Huachun 
Published: September 2022

Background
HIV self-testing (HIVST) holds great promise for expanding HIV testing. Nonetheless, large-scale data on HIVST behavior are scant. Millions of HIVST kits are sold through e-commerce platforms each year.

Objective
This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of the HIVST kit–purchasing population (HIVSTKPP) in China.

Methods
Deidentified transaction data were retrieved from a leading e-commerce platform in China. A joinpoint regression model was used to examine annual trends of the HIVSTKPP rates by calculating average annual percentage change. Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis was performed to locate hot spots with HIVSTKPP rates. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and space-time cluster analysis were conducted to identify clusters of HIVSTKPP. High-high clusters of HIVSTKPP can be identified by spatial autocorrelation analysis, and high-high clusters indicate that a region and its surrounding region jointly had a higher-than-average HIVSTKPP rate. Spatial regression analysis was used to elucidate the association between the number of HIV testing facilities, urbanization ratio (the proportion of urban population in the total population), and gross domestic product per capita and the HIVSTKPP.

Results
Between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, a total of 2.18 million anonymous persons in China placed 4.15 million orders and purchased 4.51 million HIVST kits on the web. In each of these 4 years, the observed monthly size of the HIVSTKPP peaked in December, the month of World AIDS Day. HIVSTKPP rates per 100,000 population significantly increased from 20.62 in 2016 to 64.82 in 2019 (average annual percentage change=48.2%; P<.001). Hot spots were mainly located in municipalities, provincial capitals, and large cities, whereas high-high clusters and high-demand clusters were predominantly detected in cities along the southeast coast. We found positive correlations between a region’s number of HIV testing facilities, urbanization ratio, and gross domestic product per capita and the HIVSTKPP.

Conclusions
Our study identified key areas with larger demand for HIVST kits for public health policy makers to reallocate resources and optimize the HIV care continuum. Further research combining spatiotemporal patterns of HIVST with HIV surveillance data is urgently needed to identify potential gaps in current HIV-monitoring practices.