bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are there Einsteinian gravities involving covariant derivatives of the Riemann tensor?
Authors: Edelstein José D. , Sánchez Alberto Rivadulla , Rodríguez David Vázquez 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the particle content of higher derivative theories of gravity built with contractions of the Riemann tensor and its covariant derivatives. In the absence of the latter, there is a family of theories exhibiting an Einsteinian spectrum known as generalized quasi-topological gravities. In turn, we present a no-go result for the construction of Einsteinian gravities involving covariant derivatives of the Riemann tensor. We find evidences suggesting that (truncated series) finite order Lagrangians with covariant derivatives of the Riemann tensor generically present ghosts in their spectrum. This might be interpreted as a hint of non-locality in any healthy UV completion of General Relativity.
IceCube at the frontier of macroscopic dark matter direct detection
Authors: Bai Yang , Berger Joshua , Korwar Mrunal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For a class of macroscopic dark matter models, inelastic scattering of dark matter off a nucleus can generate electromagnetic signatures with GeV-scale energy. The IceCube detector, with its kilometer-scale size, is ideal for directly detecting such inelastic scattering. Based on the slow particle trigger for the DeepCore detector, we perform a detailed signal and background simulation to estimate the discovery potential. For order 1 GeV deposited energy in each interaction, we find that IceCube can probe the dark matter masses up to one gram.
Holographic correlation functions at finite density and/or finite temperature
Authors: Georgiou George , Zoakos Dimitrios 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We calculate holographically one and two-point functions of scalar operators at finite density and/or finite temperature. In the case of finite density and zero temperature we argue that only scalar operators can have non-zero VEVs. In the case in which both the chemical potential and the temperature are finite, we present a systematic expansion of the two-point correlators in powers of the temperature T and the chemical potential Ω.The holographic result is in agreement with the general form of the OPE which dictates that the two-point function may be written as a linear combination of the Gegenbauer polynomials $$ {C}_J^{(1)} $$

C
J

1

(ξ) but with the coefficients depending now on both the temperature and the chemical potential, as well as on the CFT data. The leading terms in this expansion originate from the expectation values of the scalar operator ϕ2, the R-current $$ {\mathcal{J}}_{\phi_3}^{\mu } $$

J

ϕ
3

μ

and the energy-momentum tensor Tμν.By employing the Ward identity for the R-current and by comparing the appropriate term of the holographic result for the two-point correlator to the corresponding term in the OPE, we derive the value of the R-charge density of the background. Compelling agreement with the analysis of the thermodynamics of the black hole is found. Finally, we determine the behaviour of the two-point correlators, in the case of finite temperature, and in the limit of large temporal or spatial distance of the operators.
The α′2 correction from double field theory
Authors: Hronek Stanislav , Wulff Linus , Zacarías Salomon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is known that the order α′ correction to the tree-level effective action for the bosonic and heterotic string can be described in the framework of Double Field Theory (DFT). Here we determine the DFT action and transformations at order α′2 by a direct calculation. The result is vastly simpler than previous proposals. We show that this correction reproduces the known α′2 correction to the heterotic string effective action. The relation of our action to an (implicit) all order proposal coming from the so-called generalized Bergshoeff-de Roo identification is also discussed.
Near-BPS Skyrmions
Authors: Gudnason Sven Bjarke , Barsanti Marco , Bolognesi Stefano 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider the Skyrme model in the near-BPS limit. The BPS part is made of the sextic term plus a potential and the deformation is made of the standard massive Skyrme model controlled by a small parameter ϵ ≪ 1. In order to keep the perturbation under theoretical and computational control, we find a model for which BPS Skyrmions have compact support, henceforth denoted as compactons, and the spherically symmetric B = 1 Skyrmion represents the most stable solution. We use the ϵ-expansion scheme to systematically calculate the corrections to the energy and compare with the exact numerical computations in the B = 1 sector. Finally, we use the ϵ-expansion scheme to calculate the bound state of two B = 1 Skyrmions and its binding energy, which corresponds, prior to quantization, to the deuteron in our model.
Cancer mortality in Common Mental Disorders: A 10-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chierzi Federico , Stivanello Elisa , Musti Muriel Assunta , Perlangeli Vincenza , Marzaroli Paolo , De Rossi Francesco , Pandolfi Paolo , Saponaro Alessio , Grassi Luigi , Belvederi Murri Martino , Fioritti Angelo , Berardi Domenico , Menchetti Marco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Individuals with Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) may have a higher cancer mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine cancer-related mortality among patients with CMDs and verify which cancer types are predominantly involved.

Methods
We used the Regional Mental Health Registry of the Emilia-Romagna region, in Northern Italy to identify patients aged ≥ 18 years who received an ICD 9-CM diagnosis of CMDs (i.e., depressive and neurotic disorders) over a 10 year period (2008–2017). Information on cause of death was retrieved from the Regional Cause of Death Registry. Comparisons were made with data from the regional population without CMDs.

Results
Among 101,487 patients suffering from CMDs (55.7% depression; 44.3% neurotic disorders), 3,087 (37.8%) died from neoplasms. The total standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.82 (95% CI 1.78–1.86) while the SMR for all neoplasms was 2.08 (95% CI 2.01–2.16). Individuals of both genders, with both depressive and neurotic disorders had a higher risk of death from almost all cancers compared with the regional population.

Conclusion
Patients with CMDs have considerably higher cancer mortality risk than the general population. Higher mortality was observed for a broad range of cancers associated with different aetiologies. It is imperative to promote cancer awareness, prevention and treatment for people with CMDs.
Vanishing social classes? Facts and figures of the Italian labour market
Authors: Cetrulo A. , Sbardella A. , Virgillito M. E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses medium-term labour market trends from 1983 to 2018 in Italy relying on the “Rilevazione dei contratti di lavoro” from INPS archive which provides information on average salaries by professional category, age, gender, and geographical origin. Within an overall pattern of exacerbated wage inequalities, documented by means of different indicators, the empirical analysis highlights how thewithin-component of the wage variation prevails in the gender, age and geographical dimensions. By contrast, thebetween-component in terms of professional categories (trainees, blue-collar jobs, white-collar jobs, middle managers, executives) is the only between-variation attribute to prevail, corroborating the role played by a reduced class schema, excluding capitalists and the self-employed, in explaining wage inequality. Regression-based inequality estimations confirm the role played by managerial remuneration, the contradictory located class, in driving divergent patterns. Stratification of wage losses is recorded to be largely concentrated among blue-collar professional categories, women, youth, and in Southern regions.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation admitted to the intensive care unit: a single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Garcia Borrega Jorge , Böll Boris , Kochanek Matthias , Naendrup Jan-Hendrik , Simon Florian , Sieg Noelle , Hallek Michael , Borchmann Peter , Holtick Udo , Shimabukuro-Vornhagen Alexander , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Heger Jan-Michel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can be associated with adverse events necessitating treatment on the intensive care unit (ICU). Data focusing on patients admitted to the ICU during hospitalization for high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT are scarce. We thus conducted a single-center retrospective analysis comprising 79 individuals who had high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT between 2014 and 2020 and were admitted to the ICU between the initiation of conditioning therapy and day 30 after ASCT. The median age was 57 years (range: 20–82 years); 38% of patients were female. B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (34%) and plasma cell disorders (28%) were the most common indications for high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT. Sepsis represented the major cause for ICU admission (68%). Twenty-nine percent of patients required mechanical ventilation (MV), 5% had renal replacement therapy, and 44% needed vasopressors. The ICU, hospital, 90-day, and 1-year survival rates were 77.2%, 77.2%, 72.2%, and 60.3%, respectively. Stable disease or disease progression prior to the initiation of high-dose chemotherapy (p = 0.0028) and MV (p < 0.0001) were associated with an impaired survival. A total of 36 patients died during observation. The most frequent causes of death were the underlying malignancy (44%) and sepsis (39%). Taken together, the present analysis indicates a favorable overall outcome for patients admitted to the ICU during hospitalization for high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT. Thus, this patient group should not be denied admission and treatment on the ICU.
Relative genericity of controllablity and stabilizability for differential-algebraic systems
Authors: Ilchmann Achim , Kirchhoff Jonas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present note is a successor of Ilchmann and Kirchhoff (Math Control Signals Syst 33:359–377, 2021) on generic controllability and stabilizability of linear differential-algebraic equations. We resolve the drawback that genericity is considered in the unrestricted set of system matrices $$(E,A,B)\in \mathbb {R}^{\ell \times }\times \mathbb {R}^{\ell \times n}\times \mathbb {R}^{\ell \times m}$$

(
E
,
A
,
B
)

∈

R

ℓ
×

×

R

ℓ
×
n

×

R

ℓ
×
m

, while for relative genericity we allow the restricted set $$\Sigma _{\ell ,n,m}^{\le r} := \{(E,A,B)\in \mathbb {R}^{\ell \times n}\times \mathbb {R}^{\ell \times n}\times \mathbb {R}^{\ell \times m} \,\big \vert \,\textrm{rk}\,_{\mathbb {R}} E \le r\}$$

Σ

ℓ
,
n
,
m

≤
r

:
=

{

(
E
,
A
,
B
)

∈

R

ℓ
×
n

×

R

ℓ
×
n

×

R

ℓ
×
m

|

rk

R

E
≤
r
}

, where $$ r\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

r
∈
N

. Our main results are characterizations of generic controllability and generic stabilizability in $$\Sigma _{\ell ,n,m}^{\le r}$$

Σ

ℓ
,
n
,
m

≤
r

in terms of the numbers $$\ell , n, m, r$$

ℓ
,
n
,
m
,
r

.
Developing an Australian utility value set for the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale-4D (ECOHIS-4D) using a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Hettiarachchi Ruvini M. , Arrow Peter , Senanayake Sameera , Carter Hannah , Brain David , Norman Richard , Tonmukayawul Utsana , Jamieson Lisa , Kularatna Sanjeewa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposePreference-based quality of life measures (PBMs) are used to generate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in economic evaluations. A PBM consists of (1) a health state classification system and (2) a utility value set that allows the instrument responses to be converted to QALYs. A new, oral health-specific classification system, the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale-4D (ECOHIS-4D) has recently been developed. The aim of this study was to generate an Australian utility value set for the ECOHIS-4D.MethodsA discrete choice experiment with duration (DCETTO) was used as the preference elicitation technique. An online survey was administered to a representative sample of Australian adults over 18 years. Respondents were given 14 choice tasks (10 tasks from the DCE design of 50 choice sets blocked into five blocks, 2 practice tasks, a repeated and a dominant task). Data were analyzed using the conditional logit model.ResultsA total of 1201 respondents from the Australian general population completed the survey. Of them, 69% (n = 829) perceived their oral health status to be good, very good, or excellent. The estimated coefficients from the conditional logit models were in the expected directions and were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The utility values for health states defined by the ECOHIS-4D ranged from 0.0376 to 1.0000.ConclusionsThis newly developed utility value set will enable the calculation of utility values for economic evaluations of interventions related to oral diseases such as dental caries among young children. This will facilitate more effective resource allocation for oral health services.
On the role of mechanical signals on sprouting angiogenesis through computer modeling approaches
Authors: Abdalrahman Tamer , Checa Sara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSprouting angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels from preexisting vasculature, is an essential process in the regeneration of new tissues as well as in the development of some diseases like cancer. Although early studies identified chemical signaling as the main driver of this process, many recent studies have shown a strong role of mechanical signals in the formation of new capillaries. Different types of mechanical signals (e.g., external forces, cell traction forces, and blood flow-induced shear forces) have been shown to play distinct roles in the process; however, their interplay remains still largely unknown. During the last decades, mathematical and computational modeling approaches have been developed to investigate and better understand the mechanisms behind mechanically driven angiogenesis. In this manuscript, we review computational models of angiogenesis with a focus on models investigating the role of mechanics on the process. Our aim is not to provide a detailed review on model methodology but to describe what we have learnt from these models. We classify models according to the mechanical signals being investigated and describe how models have looked into their role on the angiogenic process. We show that a better understanding of the mechanobiology of the angiogenic process will require the development of computer models that incorporate the interactions between the multiple mechanical signals and their effect on cellular responses, since they all seem to play a key in sprout patterning. In the end, we describe some of the remaining challenges of computational modeling of angiogenesis and discuss potential avenues for future research.
Efficacy of acute care pathways for older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ijadi Maghsoodi Abtin , Pavlov Valery , Rouse Paul , Walker Cameron G. , Parsons Matthew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMeeting the needs of acute geriatric patients is often challenging, and although evidence shows that older patients need tailored care, it is still unclear which interventions are most appropriate. The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the hospital-wide acute geriatric models compared with conventional pathways. The design of the study includes hospital-wide geriatric-specific models characterized by components including patient-centered care, frequent medical review, early rehabilitation, early discharge planning, prepared environment, and follow‐up after discharge. Primary and secondary outcomes were considered, including functional decline, activities of daily living (ADL), length-of-stay (LoS), discharge destination, mortality, costs, and readmission. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 20 studies reporting on 15 trials and acutely admitted patients with an average age of 79, complex conditions and comorbidities to acute geriatric-specific pathways (N = 13,595) were included. Geriatric-specific models were associated with lower costs (weighted mean difference, WMD =  − $174.98, 95% CI = -$332.14 to − $17.82; P = 0.03), and shorter LoS (WMD =  − 1.11, 95% CI =  − 1.39 to − 0.83; P < 0.001). No differences were found in functional decline, ADL, mortality, case fatalities, discharge destination, or readmissions. Geriatric-specific models are valuable for improving patient and system-level outcomes. Although several interventions had positive results, further research is recommended to study hospital-wide geriatric-specific models.
Evaluating the user’s experience, adaptivity and learning outcomes of a fuzzy-based intelligent tutoring system for computer programming for academic students in Greece
Authors: Chrysafiadi Konstantina , Virvou Maria , Tsihrintzis George A. , Hatzilygeroudis Ioannis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNowadays, the improvement of digital learning with Artificial Intelligence has attracted a lot of research, as it provides solutions for individualized education styles which are independent of place and time. This is particularly the case for computer science, as a tutoring domain, which is rapidly growing and changing and as such, learners need frequent update courses. In this paper, we present a thorough evaluation of a fuzzy-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS), that teaches computer programming. The evaluation concerns multiple aspects of the ITS. The evaluation criteria are: (i) context, (ii) effectiveness, (iii) efficiency, (iv) accuracy, (v) usability and satisfaction, and (vi) engagement and motivation. In the evaluation process students of an undergraduate program in Informatics of the University of Piraeus in Greece participated. The evaluation method that was used included questionnaires, analysis of log files and experiments. Also, t-tests were conducted to certify the validity of the evaluation results. Indeed, the evaluation results are very positive and show that the incorporated fuzzy mechanism to the presented ITS enhances the system with Artificial Intelligence and through this, it increases the learners’ satisfaction and new knowledge learning and mastering, improves the recommendation accuracy of the system, the efficacy of interactions, and contributes positively to the learners’ engagement in the learning process.
Correlation of reduced temporal muscle thickness and systemic muscle loss in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients
Authors: ten Cate Cecil , Huijs Sandra M. H. , Willemsen Anna C. H. , Pasmans Raphael C. O. S. , Eekers Daniëlle B. P. , Zegers Catharina M. L. , Ackermans Linda , Beckervordersandforth Jan , van Raak Elisabeth P. M. , Anten Monique H. M. E. , Hoeben Ann , Postma Alida A. , Broen Martinus P. G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Reduced temporal muscle thickness (TMT) has recently been postulated as a prognostic imaging marker and an objective tool to assess patients frailty in glioblastoma. Our aim is to investigate the correlation of TMT and systemic muscle loss to confirm that TMT is an adequate surrogate marker of sarcopenia in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients.

Methods
TMT was assessed on preoperative MR-images and skeletal muscle area (SMA) was assessed at the third lumbar vertebra on preoperative abdominal CT-scans. Previous published TMT sex-specific cut-off values were used to classify patients as ‘patient at risk of sarcopenia’ or ‘patient with normal muscle status’. Correlation between TMT and SMA was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

Results
Sixteen percent of the 245 included patients were identified as at risk of sarcopenia. The mean SMA of glioblastoma patients at risk of sarcopenia (124.3 cm2, SD 30.8 cm2) was significantly lower than the mean SMA of patients with normal muscle status (146.3 cm2, SD 31.1 cm2, P < .001). We found a moderate association between TMT and SMA in the patients with normal muscle status (Spearman’s rho 0.521, P < .001), and a strong association in the patients at risk of sarcopenia (Spearman’s rho 0.678, P < .001).

Conclusion
Our results confirm the use of TMT as a surrogate marker of total body skeletal muscle mass in glioblastoma, especially in frail patients at risk of sarcopenia. TMT can be used to identify patients with muscle loss early in the disease process, which enables the implementation of adequate intervention strategies.
Delivering Phenolic Acids in Soy Protein Gels: Noncovalent Interactions Control Gastrointestinal Bioaccessibility
Authors: Marinea Marina , Ellis Ashling , Golding Matt , Loveday Simon M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore how the delivery of added phenolic acids was affected by the soy protein gel matrix using the INFOGEST static in vitro digestion protocol. Gels were prepared by two consecutive heating steps and by adding glucono–$$\delta$$
δ
–lactone (GDL) as an acidifier or magnesium sulphate (MgSO$$_{4}$$

4

) as a salt coagulant. The addition of phenolic acids in GDL gels doubled their elastic modulus (G’) (p<0.05), without showing the same effect on MgSO$$_{4}$$

4

gels. Nevertheless, the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids was not significantly different between the gel matrices (p>0.05). The release of all phenolics was almost complete (>80%) at the oral phase (pH 7) and significantly lower at gastric phase (pH 3), then at intestinal phase, the release was either increased or significantly reduced depending on the phenolic acid structure. The results of this study suggest that the bioaccessibility of the added phenolic acids is controlled by their interactions with the soy protein gels rather than the protein digestion kinetics of the gels.
Governing digital crisis responses: platform standards and the dilemma of COVID-19 contact tracing
Authors: Buesching Felix B. , Steininger Dennis M. , Veit Daniel J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn response to the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, various developers turned to smartphone-based contact tracing to address the challenges of manual tracing. Due to the presence of network effects, i.e., the effectiveness of contact tracing applications increases with the number of users, information technology standards were critical to the technology’s success. The standardization efforts in Europe led to a variety of trade-offs concerning the choice of an appropriate technological architecture due to the contradictory tensions resulting from the dualism between the need for contact tracing data to contain the pandemic and the need for data minimization to preserve user privacy. Drawing predominantly on the software platform and standards literature, we conduct an interpretive case study to examine the emergence and consequences of this multi-layered decision situation. Our findings reveal how Google and Apple were able to limit the individual leeway of external developers, thereby effectively resolving the European standards war. Furthermore, we identify and discuss the various short-term and long-term trade-offs associated with the standardization of contact tracing applications and translate our findings into recommendations for policy makers with respect to future crisis situations. Specifically, we propose a strategy grounded in our data that enables responsible actors to make goal-oriented and rapid decisions under time constraints.