bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure Measurements of Applicators Who Mix and Spray Paraquat in Grape Vineyards1
Authors: Forbess R. C. , Morris J. R. , Lavy T. L. , Talbert R. E. , Flynn R. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Several Arkansas commercial grape growers operating tractor-mounted, low-boom vineyard spray rigs were monitored for potential dermal, respiratory, and internal exposure to paraquat (1-1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) during the 1980 and 1981 growing seasons. Workers followed their usual mixing and spraying routines with as little influence as possible from the test. Analyses by colorimetric methods revealed very low levels of paraquat exposure. Greatest dermal exposure levels averaging 0.015 mg paraquat/kg body weight were detected on persons operating the spray rigs. Respiratory exposure was minimal and there was no paraquat detected in any of the urine samples collected from each worker. Those persons receiving the highest levels of paraquat exposure had measurements which were well below those found to be toxic to laboratory animals. Hazards from using this material by this method of application should be low when used in accordance to label directions and precautions.
The Influence of Peeling Treatment and Cultivar on Applesauce Quality1
Authors: Drake S. R. , Spayd S. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Unpeeled or partially peeled apples (Malus domestica Borkh) reduced blanching losses and increased sauce yield. The use of a large screen (0.32 cm) in the pulper increased applesauce yield and improved quality. Applesauce from ‘Golden Delicious’ was superior to sauces from ‘Prime Gold’, ‘Criterion’, and ‘Granny Smith’ apples.
‘Honeoye’ and ‘Canoga’ Strawberries1
Authors: Sanford John C. , Ourecky Donald K. , Reich Jack E. , Aldwinckle Herb S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Honeoye’ and ‘Canoga’ are 2 new cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) released by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in 1979 (1).
‘Flordaprince’ Peach1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Lyrene P. M. , Mortensen J. A. , Sharpe R. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Flordaprince’ is a low-chill requiring peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] released for grower trial by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations in IFAS at the University of Florida. ‘Flordaprince’ bears attractive, large, high-quality, yellow-fleshed fruit (Fig. 1).
‘Yonik’ Macadamia
Authors: Kadman A. , Slor E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most of the known cultivars of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) found in Hawaii and California are grown in the collection of the Agricultural Research Organization of the Volcani Center. Yield and nut quality of these cultivars have been determined within the last 10–15 years under Israeli conditions, but none have proven satisfactory. This report describes a superior local selection named ‘Yonik’ derived from a seedling population.
Responses of Excised Douglas-fir Shoots to Disorientation1
Authors: Starbuck C. J. , Proebsting W. M. , Roberts A. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Succulent branch terminal cuttings of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco] placed horizontally (adaxial side up) curved slightly. Cuttings placed vertically, horizontally (adaxial side down), or on a horizontal clinostat exhibited significant adaxial-convex curvature. The response is regulated, in part, by substances exported from the needles and terminal bud. Gibberellic acid (GA3), (2-chloro-ethyl)phosphoric acid (ethephon), amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), indolebutyric acid (IBA), triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) failed to affect the curvature of vertically placed shoots.
Control of Weevil (Curculio sp.) Larvae in Acorns of the Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) by Heat1
Authors: Crocker Robert L. , Morgan David L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Mature acorns of the live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) were immersed for 0-60 minutes in 43.3 to 60.0°C (110 to 140°F) water baths. Various of those treatments produced up to 100% control of larvae of acorn weevils (Curculio sp.) in the seeds, but reduced acorn germination and radicle length to varying degrees.
‘Horizon’ Grape1
Authors: Reisch B. , Robinson W. B. , Kimball K. , Pool R. , Watson J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Horizon’ (Fig. 1) is a high-yielding white wine grape that produces a neutral blending wine. It fulfills the need in the Great Lakes grape growing region for a winter-hardy grape relatively free of cultural and enological defects.
Sanilac BC6-Are White Bean Breeding Line1
Authors: Aylesworth J. W. , Tu J. C. , Buzzell R. I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Sanilac’ has been a popular white dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Ontario, Canada, as well as in Michigan, U.S.A. It is resistant to anthracnose incited by alpha, beta, and gamma races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Briosi & Cav. and race 1 of Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) (1). ‘Sanilac’, however, is susceptible to race 15 of BCMV (2) and to races delta and lambda of C. lindemuthianum (5, 6, 7), and it was included in a backcrossing project to incorporate additional resistance genes. The new breeding line, designated Sanilac BC6-Are has broader resistances than ‘Sanilac’. Since several recently developed cultivars outyield ‘Sanilac’, Sanilac BC6-Are is being released only as germplasm.
Wisconsin 998 Muskmelon Germplasm1
Authors: Peterson C. E. , Owens K. W. , Rowe P. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) breeding population Wisconsin (Wl) 998 was developed jointly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the University of Wisconsin, and Michigan State University to provide breeders and seedsmen with a source from which gynoecious inbreds can be developed for use in the production of hybrid cultivars. In addition to a high incidence of gynoecious plants, WI 998 provides other useful plant and fruit characteristics.
Procedures for the Sensory Evaluation of Horticultural Crops1,2
Authors: Heintz Christi M. , Kader Adel A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
While some of the quality attributes, such as color and texture, of fresh horticultural crops can be measured by objective methods, accurate determination of flavor quality requires the use of subjective methods, i.e., sensory evaluation procedures. These include use of laboratory panels for detecting and describing differences among samples and use of consumer panels for indicating quality preferences. The proper use of such techniques involves following specific procedures for each sensory evaluation test as described in this article.
Breeding for Stable Resistance to Diseases1
Authors: Kerr E. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this review, some suggestions will be made as to what we must do, or continue to do, to keep vegetable diseases under control. The word “stable” will be emphasized throughout. Most of the examples are from tomato diseases, although equally good or better ones could probably be found in other crops. My main experience, however, has been with tomato and especially with leaf mold. The gene-for-gene designation of leaf mold races will be used, although it is too complicated for day-to-day use.
Genetics of and Breeding for Resistance to Bacterial Pathogens in Vegetable Crops1
Authors: Coyne Dermot P. , Schuster M. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bacterial pathogens cause destructive diseases on many important vegetable crops throughout the world. Satisfactory chemical control measures for bacterial pathogens have not been achieved. Recommended control measures are: use of disease-free seed and transplants; hot water treatment of seed if feasible; suitable rotations; deep plowing of plant debris; and use of resistant cultivars if available (13, 50, 51, 53, 73, 75, 76, 77).
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Gilmore J. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the most widely discussed and hotly debated topics in recent years has been the medfly situation in California. After seemingly having been eradicated following its discovery in 1980, it flared up again in early summer of 1981 and became the center of a national and international furor. Despite this wide interest, some may wonder whether a symposium on an insect pest, even the medfly, is an appropriate topic for a meeting fo the American Society for Horticultural Science. However, when one considers the economic impact of the medfly on a wide range of horticultural crops (150-200 fruits and vegetables) and the economic impact of the pest on these horticultural crops, then a symposium on the medfly seems quite appropriate at almost any agricultural forum. The cost of eradication of the Santa Clara infestation currently is somewhere, between 80-$100 million. This does not include the additional millions of dollar losses in lost markets and the cost of fumigating commodities for interstate shipment or export as a result of quarantine restrictions during the 1981 season.
Pollen Germination in Interspecific Vaccinium Hybrids1
Authors: Goldy R. G. , Lyrene P. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pollen germination differed significantly between and within 3 interspecific hybrid populations and their parents. Pollen germination of populations of ‘Sharpblue’ (Vaccinium X sp.) × V. myrsinites Lamark (38%) and ‘Sharpblue’ × V. darrowi Camp (33%) was lower than mid-parent means of 45% and 37%, respectively. ‘Avonblue’ × V. myrsinites averaged higher in pollen germination than the mid-parent, 42% vs. 32%. Pollen germination of ‘Sharpblue’ × V. myrsinites hybrids varied most in pollen germination, ‘Avonblue’ × V. myrsinites hybrids least, and ‘Sharpblue’ × V. darrowi hybrids intermediate.
Response of ‘Concord’ Grapes to Glyphosate Exposure1
Authors: Wallinder C. J. , Talbert R. E. , Morris J. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) was applied to low-hanging foliage and basal shoots of ‘Concord’ grapevines (Vitis labrusca L.) at 2.2 and 4.4 kg/ha in August, September, and October 1979. All treatments were extremely injurious to grapevines. Injury was evident throughout the grapevine the following spring and during the full growing season. Growth on new shoots, visual ratings of growth reduction during the season, grape yield, and pruning weights indicate 50% or more reduction in growth as compared to the untreated check. The September treatment appeared more injurious than the August or October treatments.
Reduction in Russetting of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples with 2,4,5-TP and Other Compounds1
Authors: Byers R. E. , Yoder K. S. , Mattus G. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) sprayed with triethanolamine salt of silvex [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid] (2,4,5-TP), a finely dispersed aluminum oxide (Sun Clear), and potassium salt of a fluorochemical carboxylic acid (L-4749) had better finish than controls. Fruit size and seed numbers were significantly reduced by higher rates of 2,4,5-TP. Sprays of a mixture of anion acrylic polymer binding agents (Acrylocoat), poly-l-p-methen-8-9 diyl (Vapor Guard), and a nonionic dimethyl polysiloxane (Dow Corning Silicone 24) increased russeting on ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit. Fruit enclosed in a paper bag 16 days after bloom gave a greater reduction in russet than any spray treatment.
Relationship of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit Detachment Force to the Stage of Fruit Development and Chemical Composition1
Authors: Pauli Robert E. , Goo Theodore 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Guava fruit detachment force began to decline from 7 kg at 115 days after anthesis before the fruit had fully grown, to less than 0.5 kg by day 130. There was a parallel decline in deformation force from greater than 14 kg to less than 4 kg, loss of skin chlorophyll, and a decline in pulp titratable acidity from 18 to 10 meq/100 gm fresh weight. Mature fruit harvested on one occasion showed a range of detachment force from 0.5 to 7.2 kg, which correlated well with the ranges in measures of pulp quality and fruit maturity, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and skin color. Fruit detached with a force less than 4 kg were full yellow and had pulp with a pH 3.0, less than 16 meq/100 g fresh weight titratable acidity and 6° Brix total soluble solids.
Factors Influencing Stem Root Emergence during Scale Propagation in the Easter Lily1
Authors: Matsuo E. , Arisumi K. , Satoh K. , Sakata Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fertilizer applications to container-grown bulbs of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) outdoors resulted in early bolting, early root development, and greater numbers of stem roots. Low winter temperatures retarded stem root development.
In Vivo Pollen Germination and Vital Staining in Deciduous Azaleas1
Authors: Widrlechner Mark P. , Pellett Harold M. , Ascher Peter D. , Fuhrman Susan C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The relationship between in vivo pollen germination and vital staining was tested for 7 genotypes of deciduous azalea (Rhododendron sp.) differing in fertility. Fluorescein diacetate, 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) all showed significant correlations between staining and germination. AEC produced the highest significant correlation (r = 0.96). AEC and MTT were the most suitable vital stains for azalea pollen.
Tree Trunk Growth and Wound Closure1
Authors: Neely Dan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Five tree species, Platanus occidentalis L., Fraxinus americana L., Quercus palustris Muench., Liriodendron tulipifera L., and Gleditsia triacanthos L. f. inermis (L.) Zabel were wounded for 4 consecutive years. Four whorls of circular wounds or one whorl of elliptical wounds were cut into the trunk at widths of 10, 13, 17, and 25 mm. Tree growth was not measurably reduced by trunk wounding. Wound closure per unit of radial growth differed by species and annual growth.
Training Horticultural Leaders for Work in Developing Countries
Authors: William R. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Agricultural development requires functional infrastructures, a continued assimilation of old and new technologies, and increased involvement of people who are motivated to create behavioral changes among colleagues and farmers. As educators in graduate training programs, we provide basic horticultural and scientific training. However, we often neglect training in practical farming skills, leadership or administrative skills, communication strategies, and the study of human behavior related to the acceptance of new ideas, concepts, and techniques.
Performance of Peach and Nectarine in a High Density System in Italy
Authors: Bargioni G. , Loreti F. , Pisani P. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Performance trials were conducted oyer 7 years (1974–1980) on ‘Springcrest’ and ‘Redhaven’ peach and on ‘Early Sungrand’, ‘Flavortop’, and ‘Stark Redgold’ nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] in a commercial orchard established in northern Italy. The trees, budded on INRA Saint Julien GF 655-2, were spaced at 4 × 2 m (1250 trees/ha) and trained as free spindles. Trees began cropping in the second growing season (1976). Cumulative yield (1976 to 1980) ranged from 155 MT/ha in ‘Stark Redgold’ nectarine to 892 MT/ha in ‘Springcrest’ peach. Fruits sized well and were of satisfactory color.
UWRIM: A Database Management System for Horticulturists
Authors: Clark James R. , Cummings Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Database management systems are used to organize, manage, and administer numeric and non-numeric data. The UWRIM database management system possesses a relational structure and offers several management options. Two examples of UWRIM’s utility to horticulturists are organizing 1) a personal reference system and 2) an arboretum’s plant records.
A System for High-temperature Catalytic Oxidation of Air for Plant-growing Chambers
Authors: Lang S. P. , Tibbitts T. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A system was constructed for high-temperature catalytic oxidation of the input air to 20-liter chambers used for plant-growth experimentation. A 20-liter/min system was developed using a 120-cm-long heating tube to bring the air to 450°C and a 40-cm long catalytic-oxidation chamber filled with aluminum oxide beads impregnated with hexachloroplatinate. When 1–3 ppm of ethylene was introduced into the system with the input air, no ethylene could be detected in the outflow air.
Establishment and Growth of In Vitro-cultured Dieffenbachia
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Size of plant, maximum greenhouse temperature, and fertilizer level were major factors in the growth of tissue-cultured plants of Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don (dumbcane), but mist, growing mixtures, and rooting hormones had minimal influence. Larger plants performed better than smaller ones. Maximum greenhouse temperatures of 38° and 44°C were detrimental to growth. Addition of fertilizer was beneficial, but excess fertilizer slowed subsequent growth.
Effect of Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Temperature, and Antitranspirants on Photosynthesis and Respiration of Leatherleaf Fern
Authors: Mathur D. D. , Bhagsari A. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The influence of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and temperature on net photosynthesis and dark respiration was determined on leatherleaf fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst) Ching] grown under 73% polypropylene shade. The maximum photosynthesis rate of 7.5 mg CO2 dm-2 hr-1 occurred at 500 μE m-2s-1 PAR. The light compensation point was 44 μE m-2s-1 PAR. A temperature of 20°C and 1000 μE m-2s-1 PAR was most favorable for net photosynthesis of leatherleaf fern. Use of the antitranspirant, a paraffin wax emulsion (Mobilcer A), at a 2% concentration reduced dark respiration by more than 50% and reduced net photosynthesis considerably compared to the control at 40°.
Influence of Simulated Shipping Environments on Foliage Plant Quality
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Simulated shipping of Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl., Dracaena marginata Lam., Ficus benjamina L., and Schefflera arboricola Endl. for 7, 14, 21, or 28 days at 10°, 13°, 16°, or 19°C indicated that long-term shipping is possible while maintaining plant quality. Schefflera shipped best at 10°, Ficus at 10° or 13°, and Chrysalidocarpus and Dracaena at 13°, 16°, or 19°. Simulated shipping durations of up to 21 days were obtained on all species without significant loss of quality, and 28-day durations were possible at selected temperatures without severe quality reductions.
Vegetative Propagation of Euphorbia Lathyris by Stem and Leaf Bud Cuttings
Authors: Preece John E. , Wollbrink Ellen B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Euphorbia Lathyris L. was readily propagated by stem cuttings in coarse sand or a 1:1 mix of perlite-vermiculite. Leaf bud cuttings did not root as well as stem cuttings, but rooting was promoted by indolebutyric acid (IBA), butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide), and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
High CO2 Applied to Cuttings: Effects on Rooting and Subsequent Growth in Ornamental Species
Authors: Davis Tim D. , Potter John R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
CO2 enrichment (1200 μl CO2/liter of air) during rooting increased the number of roots per cutting from 7.4 to 12.0 in Peperomia glabella A. Dietr. ‘Variegata’. CO2 enrichment increased length and dry weight of root systems and fresh and dry weights of whole cuttings in P. glabella, Fuchsia magellanica Lam., Peperomia nivalis Miq., Hemigraphis alternata T. Anderson, and Begonia × argenteo-guttata V. Lemoine but not in Osmanthus heterophyllus P.S. Green ‘Rotundifolius’, Ficus pumila L., and Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Sprinter Scarlet’. After 4 weeks of growth at 330 μl CO2/liter, only P. nivalis retained the size differential due to CO2 enrichment.
Growth of Begonia × hiemalis as Influenced by Hand-pinching, Dikegulac, and Chlormequat
Authors: Agnew Nancy Howard , Campbell R. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Various concentrations of sodium 2,3:4,6-di-0-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gu-lonate (dikegulac) sprayed on Rieger begonia (Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch ‘Northern Sunset’) in combination with hand-pinching were compared with a single concentration of (2-chloroethyltrimethyl)ammonium chloride (chlormequat), hand-pinching, and control. Both chemicals and hand pinch were effective in reducing internode length but did not affect overall height, diameter, visual quality, or dry weight. The dikegulac spray in combination with a hand pinch and the 0.10 and 0.16% double dikegulac sprays significantly decreased flower count compared to that of the control.
Photoperiod and Continuous Irradiation Studies of Chrysanthemum with High-pressure Sodium Lamps
Authors: Stefanis James P. , Langhans Robert W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps were as effective as incandescent (INC) lamps for controlling photoperiod with 10 cultivars of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. for up to 8 weeks when used at illuminances (108 to 215 lux) generally recommended. Two garden cultivars studied initiated flowering under long days (LD) with both lamps. In a second study, 11 chrysanthemum cultivars were grown under continuous irradiation from HPS lamps. Six cultivars were vegetative after 8 weeks; the other 5 cultivars developed crown buds or lost apical dominance.
Promalin or GA3 Increase Pedicel and Fruit Length and Leaf Size of ‘Delicious’ Apples Treated with Paclobutrazol
Authors: Curry Eric A. , Williams Max W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PP333) is a promising new bioregulant for controlling size of trees and significantly reducing the need for dormant and summer pruning. ‘Delicious’ trees were treated with a high rate of PP333, which resulted in some smaller, flattened fruit with shorter pedicels. Application of either gibberellin A4+7 plus 6-benzylamino purine (Promalin) or gibberellin A3 (GA3) before or at full bloom increased fruit size, pedicel length, and leaf size on PP333-treated trees.
Evaluation of Malus Germplasm for Resistance to Powdery Mildew
Authors: Korban S. S. , Dayton D. F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Progenies of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) crossed with 12 Malus species and hybrids were screened for resistance to powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. & Ev.) Salm. under greenhouse conditions. Noninfected seedlings were recovered from Morton Arboretum (M.A.) 8 (an unknown interspecific hybrid), M. zumi calocarpa Rend., M. sargenti Rehd. 843 × self, and M. baccata jackii Rehd. Evidence for a single heterozygous dominant gene conferring resistance in M.A.8 and M. sargenti was confirmed by field tests of resistant seedlings.
Components of Ripening in Rabbiteye Blueberry
Authors: Lyrene P. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fifty-four seedlings of Vactinium ashei Reade, selected for large fruit and high fruit quality from 3000 seedlings of 8 crosses, were scored for dates of 50% anthesis and 50% fruit-ripening in 1981 and 1982. The earliest-ripening selection was 7 days earlier than the earliest cultivar in 1981 and 15 days earlier in 1982. Repeatability (seedling correlation between years, r = .84) was high for ripening date but somewhat lower for flowering date (r = .61) and flowering-to-ripening interval (r = .62). Most of the variation in ripening dates and in the flowering-to-ripening interval was genetic, but variation in flowering dates was due more to year effects than to genetic effects.