bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acyl‐CoA thioesterase 9 promotes tumour growth and metastasis through reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Bao , Zhang Hui , Chen Ya F. , Hu Long Q. , Tian Yi Y. , Tong Hong W. , Wang Gang , Chen Chong , Yuan Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcyl‐CoA thioesterase 9 (ACOT9) is a critical regulator of cellular utilization of fatty acids by catalysing the hydrolysis of acyl‐CoA thioesters to non‐esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoA). Recently, ACOT9 was reported to participate in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), which arises from aberrant lipid metabolism and serves as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functions of ACOT9 in carcinogenesis and aberrant lipid metabolism in HCC remain unexplored. Here, we found that ACOT9 expression is significantly elevated in HCC at least partially due to the down‐regulation of miR‐449c‐3p. Upregulation of ACOT9 is closely associated with poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Knockdown of ACOT9 expression in HCC cells significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, mainly through suppression of G1‐to‐S cell cycle transition and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). By contrast, forced ACOT9 expression promoted HCC growth and metastasis. In addition, we found that ACOT9 reprogrammed lipid metabolism in HCC cells by increasing de novo lipogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that increased lipogenesis was involved in ACOT9‐promoted HCC growth and metastasis. Altogether, we demonstrate that ACOT9 plays a critical oncogenic role in the promotion of tumour growth and metastasis by reprogramming lipid metabolism in HCC, indicating ACOT9 as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of HCC.
Does the same refuge signify the same reproductive tactics? Comparing the mating systems of two symbiont alpheid shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Authors: Guéron Rodrigo , Alves Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues , de Souza José Roberto Botelho , Almeida Alexandre Oliveira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnimal populations can present different mating tactics according to the number of mates males or females obtain. The limiting factors for copulation in symbiont crustaceans are the size, structural complexity, and density of refuge, in addition to predation risk outside their shelters. In this study, we aimed to investigate, comparatively, if the occupation of the same refuge leads to the same reproductive tactic in two symbiont species of alpheid shrimps. For this purpose, we described the population distribution ofAlpheus estuariensis, a burrowing shrimp, andSalmoneus carvachoi, a tenant species, in an intertidal mudflat in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil.Alpheus estuariensisexperiences sexual dimorphism relative to body and cheliped size, where males present larger body sizes and allocate more resources to cheliped growth than females. However, both males and females presented positive allometric growth in chelipeds. InS. carvachoi, male‐phase individuals reach smaller body sizes than hermaphrodites. Male‐phase shrimps experience positive allometry in cheliped size, while hermaphrodites do not. Both species were found inhabiting burrows as sexual pairs more frequently than expected by chance. Paired females ofA. estuariensiswere found carrying embryos more frequently than solitary ones. We did not find a statistical difference between the frequency of single and paired ovigerous hermaphrodites inS. carvachoi. Our results indicate thatA. estuariensisis social monogamous, whileS. carvachoiis promiscuous. We argue that different biological and ecological aspects of these species could explain the distinct tactics adopted by them.Alpheus estuariensisdigs its own refuge and is a much larger species, bearing a more robust cheliped thanS. carvachoi. Thus, we argue that the burrowing species (A. estuariensis) should monopolize and defend their refuge, andS. carvachoionly takes advantage of this resource.
Peripheral resistance movements: Towards a triangulated research approach
Authors: Fong Brian C. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat motivates people in the peripheries to risk their safety and even their lives to resist a centralising centre? In literature, a thesis of peripheral resistance movements was long constructed to postulate that under centre‐periphery conflicts, rising peripheral identity will contribute to resistance movements against a centralising centre. Over the years, this thesis has been developed into a body of historical and contemporary qualitative case studies to account for centre–periphery conflicts worldwide. Yet, quantitative studies that empirically test the mechanism through which peripheral identity influences peripheral resistance movements remain rare. This study endeavours to make a modest contribution to the field by exploring a triangulated approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative analyses of peripheral resistance movements, using the 2019–2020 Hong Kong Anti‐Extradition Bill Movement as the research testing site. Both the quantitative and qualitative findings of this study validate the thesis of peripheral resistance movements in the context of Hong Kong, with ‘peripheral identity’ found to be the most significant variable in predicting people's level of ‘support’ and ‘participation’ in the movement. By fostering a triangulated approach for investigating peripheral resistance movements, this study provides opportunities for conducting future comparative studies of contemporary centre–periphery conflicts worldwide.
The homeostasis and therapeutic applications of innate and adaptive immune cells in periodontitis
Authors: Junxian Li , Mehrabanian Mojtaba , Mivehchi Hassan , Banakar Morteza , Etajuri Enas Abdalla 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesPeriodontitis (PD) is one of the most common dental disorders. This chronic oral inflammation is caused by complicated interrelations between bacterial infections, dysregulated immune reactions, and environmental risk factors. A dysregulated immune response can lead to inflammatory bone resorption by allowing the recruitment of pro‐inflammatory immune cells to the periodontal tissues.SubjectsThe recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells in PD initiates the acute and following chronic inflammatory processes. The inflamed tissues, on the other hand, can be restored if the anti‐inflammatory lineages are predominantly established in the periodontal tissues. Therefore, we aimed to review the published literature to provide an overview of the existing knowledge about the role of immune cells in PD, as well as their possible therapeutic applications.ResultsExperimental studies showed that drugs/systems that negatively regulate inflammatory cells in the body, as well as interventions aimed at increasing the number of anti‐inflammatory cells such as Tregs and Bregs, can both help in the healing process of PD.ConclusionTargeting immune cells or their positive/negative manipulations has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic method. However, to use this sort of immunotherapy in humans, further pre‐clinical investigations, as well as randomized clinical trials, are required.
TLR9 signalling activation via direct ligation and its functional consequences in CD4 + T cells
Authors: Sharma Ravi Kumar , Sharma Jyoti , Kumar Rajendra , Badal Darshan , Pattekar Ajinkya , Sehgal Shobha , Gupta Amod , Jain Pooja , Sachdeva Naresh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCpG Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are established TLR9 ligands; however, their functional responses in CD4+ T cells are believed to be independent of TLR9 and MyD88. We studied ligand‐receptor interactions of ODN 2216 and TLR9 in human CD4+ T cells and assessed their consequences in terms of TLR9 signalling and cell phenotype. We demonstrated that the uptake of ODN 2216, a synthetic TLR9 agonist, is controlled by TLR9 signalling molecules and results in an increase in the expression of TLR9 signalling molecules, regulated via a feedback mechanism. Next, the uptake of ODN 2216 resulted in TLR9 signalling dependent but MyD88 independent increase in expression of TGF‐β. Finally, ODN 2216 treated CD4+ T cells showed an anti‐inflammatory phenotype that was similar to Th3 type of regulatory T cells. These Th3‐like cells were able to suppress the proliferation of untreated CD4+ T cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate a direct and interdependent relationship between ODN 2216 uptake and TLR9 signalling in CD4+ T cells. Our findings thus pave the way for future research to explore direct modulation of adaptive immune cells, using innate immune ligands, to subvert exaggerated inflammatory responses.
Associations between biological maturity level, match locomotion, and physical capacities in youth male soccer players
Authors: Gundersen Hilde , Riiser Amund , Algroy Erling , Vestbøstad Mona , Saeterbakken Atle H. , Clemm Hege Havstad , Grendstad Halvard , Hafstad Arild , Kristoffersen Morten , Rygh Cecilie Brekke 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionBiological maturity level has shown to affect sport performance in youths. However, most previous studies have used noninvasive methods to estimate maturity level. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the association between skeletal age (SA) as a measure of biological maturation level, match locomotion, and physical capacity in male youth soccer players.MethodThirty‐eight Norwegian players were followed during two consecutive seasons (U14 and U15). Match locomotion was assessed with GPS‐tracking in matches. SA, assessed by x‐ray, physical capacities (speed, strength and endurance) and anthropometrics were measured in the middle of each season. Analysis of associations between SA, match locomotion, and physical capacities were adjusted for the potential confounding effect of body height and weight.ResultsIn matches, positive associations were found between SA and maximal speed and running distance in the highest speed zones. Further, SA was associated with 40 m sprint time and countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and with intermittent‐endurance capacity after adjusting for body height (U14). Associations between SA and leg strength and power, and between SA and absolute VO2max were not significant after adjusting for body weight. There was no association between SA and total distance covered in matches.ConclusionBiological maturity level influence match locomotion and performance on physical capacity tests. It is important that players, parents and coaches are aware of the advantages more mature players have during puberty, and that less mature players also are given attention, appropriate training and match competition to ensure proper development.
Dermoscopic characteristics of membranous aplasia cutis congenita: Report of 56 cases
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Zhao , Jiang Hong‐Jing , Pu Yun‐Jing , Shu Hong , Li Ya‐Dong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMembranous aplasia cutis congenita (MACC) presents at birth characterized by oval epidermis defect. Skin lesions with MACC have various clinic manifestations. In recent years, the usefulness of trichoscopy (scalp dermoscopy) has been reported for hair loss diseases. However, the dermoscopic features of MACC were mostly reported by case reports.ObjectivesTo summarized the obvious dermoscopic characteristics of MACC.Materials & MethodsThese 56 cases met the clinical diagnostic criteria for MACC without forceps delivery complications or other birth injuries. To find the dermoscopic characteristics of MACC by summarizing 56 infants' dermoscopic pictures.ResultsThe dermoscopic manifestation of MACC are characterized by hair follicle openings and hair deficiency in the center of skin lesions, translucent epidermis, hair root and hair bulb arranged along the margins of skin lesion.ConclusionThe typical dermoscopic characteristics of MACC could help clinicians to early diagnose and differential diagnosis.
Wheat traits and the associated loci conferring radiation use efficiency
Authors: Li Yibo , Tao Fulu , Hao Yuanfeng , Tong Jingyang , Xiao Yonggui , He Zhonghu , Reynolds Matthew 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) radiation use efficiency (RUE) must be raised through crop breeding to further increase the yield potential, as the harvest index is now close to its theoretical limit. Field experiments including 209 wheat cultivars which have been widely cultivated in China since the 1940s were conducted in two growing seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) to evaluate the variations of phenological, physiological, plant architectural, and yield‐related traits and their contributions to RUE and to identify limiting factors for wheat yield potential. The average annual genetic gain in grain yield was 0.60% (or 45.32 kg ha−1 year−1; R2 = 0.44, P < 0.01), mainly attributed to the gain in RUE (r = 0.85, P < 0.01). The net photosynthetic rates were positively and closely correlated with grain RUE and grain yield, suggesting source as a limiting factor to future yield gains. Thirty‐four cultivars were identified, exhibiting not only high RUE, but also traits contributing to high RUE and 11 other critical traits – of known genetic basis – as potential parents for breeding to improve yield and RUE. Our findings reveal wheat traits and the associated loci conferring RUE, which are valuable for facilitating marker‐assisted breeding to improve wheat RUE and yield potential.
Late Cenozoic environmental changes drove the diversification of a weevil genus endemic to the Cape Floristic Region
Authors: Hévin Noémie M.‐C. , Hansen Steffan , Addison Pia , Benoit Laure , Kergoat Gael J. , Haran Julien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Cape Floristic Region in the Republic of South Africa is a well‐recognized hotspot of biodiversity. Although this region is mostly known for its high level of plant diversity and endemicity, it also hosts an understudied and likely diverse arthropod fauna. Here we investigate the evolutionary history and timing of diversification of the apterous weevil genus Phlyctinus (Curculionidae: Entiminae), which is endemic to the coastal area and adjacent mountain ranges of the Cape floristic region and generally associated with sunflower plants (Asteraceae). We use a diverse array of molecular analyses (phylogenetic inference, molecular species delimitation and dating analyses) to analyse a novel molecular dataset of 202 weevil specimens (including 170 Phlyctinus sampled in 60 sites), and sequenced for two mitochondrial and four nuclear gene fragments. Phylogenetic and dating analyses indicate that the genus started diversifying in the late Miocene, with contrasting diversification dynamics for the three inferred clades, which present disjunct distributions. Host plant records and the lack of relatedness of species living in sympatry indicate that the diversification of Phlyctinus was predominantly driven by allopatric (geographic) speciation. We hypothesize that the interplay between topography and recurring cycles of coastline‐habitat fragmentation resulting from sea level oscillations spurred the diversification of the most speciose clade, whereas in the two remaining clades populations likely remained connected thus hampering allopatric speciation. Interestingly, this pattern echoes with the role of sea level oscillations as an important driver of the radiation of several lineages in the coastline ecosystems of the Cape Floristic Region.
Multilocus phylogeny reveals habitat driven cryptic diversity in Ochotona rufescens (Ochotonidae)
Authors: Mohammadi Zeinolabedin , Ghorbani Fatemeh , Aliabadian Mansour , Lissovsky Andrey A. , Yazdani Moghaddam Faezeh , Olsson Urban 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTaxonomy of Afghan pikas Ochotona rufescens distributed in Western and Central Asia has long been debated, and the presence of cryptic diversity within the species has been suggested. In this study, we used one mitochondrial (cyt b) and six nuclear (nuDNA) markers to investigate genetic diversity within Afghan pikas O. rufescens populations based on 54 new samples from Western and Central Asia. In total, we included 200 new sequences of mitochondrial cyt b and six nuclear markers from 60 samples. Our results reveal a genetic split within Afghan pikas both in mitochondrial and nuclear markers, estimated to date back to at least 0.58 Mya, suggesting that two cryptic and isolated lineages exist among Afghan pikas in Western and Central Asia. Geographic patterns corresponding to known subspecies were largely corroborated. We hypothesize that during interglacials pikas are forced to track their habitat and move to higher elevations to avoid the desertification of the lowlands, effectively trapping them in refugia at the highest elevations. During glacials, cool climate may have created lowland habitats that pikas could tolerate, potentially allowing them to disperse between mountains. Pikas thus appear to be forced into refugia during the warmer climates of interglacials, rather than enduring ice ages in refugia, like most other organisms discussed in the context of Pleistocene refugia.
A NEW REPORT ON USING A LACCASE PRODUCING YEAST FOR MELANOIDIN DEGRADATION AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
Authors: Pimprapa Chaijak , Purimprach Sinkan , Patcharida Wetchapan 
Published: August 2022

Palm oil milled effluent (POME) is one of the most environmental concerned industrial wastewater owing to its complex structure. Melanoidin is a highly stable content in POME that caused the dark color. In this study, the Galactomyces sp. rich consortium TM11 with high laccase activity was used to remove a contaminated melanoidin from raw POME. Besides, the single chamber ceramic microbial fuel cell (sCMFC) was developed to eliminate melanoidin and simultaneously generate electrical power. The results indicated that the maximal current density and power density of 215.56±5.09 mA/m2 and 139.44±6.56 mW/m2 were reached. Whereas the melanoidin removal of 83.50±2.93% was obtained. This study was the first reported of using laccase producing yeast comsortium to remove melanoidin and generate electrical power.
Opportunities and Challenges in Passive Thermal-Fluid and Energy Systems
Authors: Shabgard Hamidreza , Li Xianglin , Faghri Amir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on passive systems that are used in energy and thermal-fluid applications. These passive systems do not have moving parts and are reliable and cost-effective. Fluid motion in these passive devices could be driven by capillary force, gravity, osmotic pressure, and/or concentration gradient. The fundamental mechanisms and limitations of transport phenomena for passive systems are highlighted, followed by their applications in heat pipes, fuel cells, thermal energy storage, and desalination systems. The capabilities of the passive systems are limited by the balance between the driving force and transport resistance. Based on the fundamental understanding of fluid flow and phase change in passive systems, this study proposes associated transport phenomena and quantitative criteria to determine the maximum heat transfer rate, the transport distance, and minimum pore size of wick structures (when relevant) in these passive devices. This article concludes with the discussion of challenges and future opportunities of passive systems.
Effect of Counter- and Co-Swirl on Low-Frequency Combustion Instabilities of Jet A-1 Spray Flames
Authors: Ahn Byeonguk , Kim Kyu Tae 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present article experimentally investigates the influence of pilot swirling directions on low-frequency combustion instabilities of pilot diffusion flames in a laboratory-scale combustor with jet A-1 fuel and air at atmospheric pressure. Airblast atomization nozzles with either counter-rotating (CTR) or corotating (COR) pilot swirl flows were examined using nonlinear time-series analyses and high-speed flame imaging measurements under idle and subidle operating conditions. We show that while the amplitude and frequency of limit cycle oscillations are observed to be similar for both cases, detailed examinations of measured experimental data reveal marked differences in stabilization mechanisms and pressure-heat release coupling processes. The spray flame dynamics subjected to counter-rotating swirl flows are governed by large-amplitude pressure oscillations, even under the influence of destructive pressure-heat release rate interference. The mechanism of destructive interference is closely related to the interactions between a spiral diffusion flame and a periodically detached reaction zone. Nonpremixed liquid-fueled flames involving corotating swirl, on the other hand, feature a more compact and intense reaction zone.
Multifidelity Simulation Research on the Low Reynolds Number Effect on the Engine Performance at Different Altitudes
Authors: Jia Zihao , Tang Hailong , Jin Donghai , Chen Min , Li Shulei , Liu Xiaoheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles, the effect of the low Reynolds number on gas turbine performance and high-altitude endurance has received extensive attention. However, the existing three-dimensional component modeling cannot meet the design requirements of the whole engine level, and the accuracy and physical principles of the existing engine empirical correction cannot be guaranteed. Through the study of a single-shaft turbojet engine, this paper adopts a versatile and accurate coupling method, which combines the volume method and the full coupling method and conducts multifidelity simulation research on the zero-dimensional engine model and the three-dimensional component model. Then, based on the high-altitude test data, under typical operating conditions, compared with the existing empirical correction method in gasturb, the accuracy of the engine inlet flow, fuel flow, thrust, and exhaust gas temperature predicted by the volume-based fully coupled method is improved by 6.2%, 7.9%, 4.7%, and 11.4%, respectively. Next, as the flight altitude rises from 0 km to 21 km, the Reynolds number reduces, the working lines approach the surge lines, and the maximum mass flow rate and the efficiency of the engine components gradually decrease. In addition, in the flow field of the components, the thickness of the boundary layer increases, the shock wave intensity decreases, and the position moves forward. The core innovation of this article is that it provides a creative multifidelity evaluation method for gas turbines to effectively solve the problems of insufficient accuracy of the existing empirical correction methods and the inability of the component design to meet the gas turbine requirements in the study of the low Reynolds number effect at different altitudes, which significantly strengthens the connection among the component internal flow field information extraction, the component characteristics analysis, and the gas turbine performance matching. Moreover, it is conducive to the scientific design of the advanced unmanned aerial vehicles' power.