bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Seed Treatment and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Sravani T. , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur 
Published: May 2022

The subject test changed into performed all through the Kharif season (2021) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The dirt of the trial plot changed into sandy loamy in surface, practically unbiased in soil response (pH 7.1), low in regular carbon (0.36%), to be had N (171.48 kg/ha), to be had P (15.2 kg/ha) and to be had K (232.5kg/ha). The treatments comprised of phosphorus (40,50 and 60 kg/ha) and seed treatment (Dry seed, Hydro priming, and KCl) Viz., whose effect is found on the unpracticed gram (var. SAMRAT). The study used a Randomized Block Design, with 10 treatments that were replicated three times. Results showed that application of 60kg/ha phosphorus + 1% KCl exhibited the tallest plants (38.46cm), the highest number of branches (4.48), plant dry weight g (5.44), number of pods per plant (17.07), seeds per pod (9.41), test weight (37.80g), grain yield (2.05 t/ha), stover yield (5.15 t/ha) and harvest index (32.30%). As a result, the application of 60kg/ha phosphorus + KCl (1%) can be most productive and cost effective.
Association of Age, Gender and Type of Diabetes with Thiamine Level: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Raza Lubna , Raza Uzma , Adil Raheela , Noor Sana , Ali Iqra , Anwar Adnan , Anis Syed Samir , Islam Fizza 
Published: May 2022

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus has been observed to be related with low thiamine levels in the body, as it affects directly on carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, this study was intended to assessdemographic characteristics and serum thiamine levels in type I and type II diabetic patients and healthy control group.
Methodology: This was a case-control study carried out in diabetic outpatient department (OPD) of Urban Health Center and New Karachi, Hospital. The duration of the study was about six months after approval of synopsis. The study sample included 90 participants and divided into three groups, 30 participants each in the control, type I diabetes and type II diabetes groups. Patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus of both genders with age < 25 to > 46 years were included in the study. One Way ANOVA was applied to find out the significance of differences among the groups.
Results: The study results showed that out of 90 participants, 33(36.7%) were males and 57(63.3%) were females; 1(1.1%) of them had low thiamine level, 17(18.9%) had normal thiamine level whereas 72(80.0%) had high thiamine level. It was observed that significant association found between thiamine levels and age groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, 18(60.0%) had Low/Normal thiamine level and 12(40.0%) had high thiamine level in type I diabetes patients while 30(100%) in control group and Type II Diabetic patients had high thiamine level with significant association between them (p<0.001). On the other hand, an insignificant association was found between gender and low and high thiamine levels (p=0.743).
Conclusion: This study concluded that both the age and group types were significantly associated with thiamine levels of the participants. Furthermore, type I Diabetes patients had significantly lower thiamine levels as compared to type II Diabetes and controls. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship of gender with thiamine levels.
Comment on “Introduction of a Novel Figure of Merit for the Assessment of Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Photovoltaics: Exact and Approximate Form”
Authors: Muzzillo Christopher P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnand et al. introduce an implicit equation for transparent conductive electrode (TCE) merit in photovoltaics (PV) by lumping series resistance in with the diode. However, an explicit equation has been previously derived by lumping series resistance external to the diode. For TCEs of practical interest for PV, the choice of where to lump series resistance does not affect merit, so external lumping is preferred. On the other hand, monolith deadspace, metal grid shadowing, and grid resistance shift TCE merit away from the figure of merit behavior published by Anand et al.
Introduction to senior hunger special issue
Authors: Ziliak James P. , Gundersen Craig , Ismail Mehreen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver 5 million persons aged 60 and older are food insecure in the United States. Previous research has uncovered information about the causes and consequences of food insecurity, but, especially in comparison to households with children, research on food insecurity among seniors has been sparse. In response, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service (USDA, FNS) funded a series of studies in this research area. In this introduction, we describe how food insecurity is measured and trends in food insecurity among seniors followed by an overview of the eight funded projects.
Glasgow coma scale score and albumin level are associated with patient survival after emergent colonoscopy in the intensive care unit
Authors: Wu Tung‐Lung , Yen Hsu‐Heng , Huang Siou‐Ping , Chen Yang‐Yuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to poor patient condition and the high risk associated with the procedure, colonoscopy is rarely performed in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is indicated for ICU patients with suspected ischemic colitis, decompression of colonic distension, or lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. ICU patients usually have more co‐morbidities and higher mortality rates than other inpatient patients. Data in the literature regarding the outcomes of ICU patients after colonoscopy are limited. The aim of this study was to identify factors that are predictive of outcomes following colonoscopy in ICU patients. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records and imaging findings of patients who underwent colonoscopy in an ICU setting between January 2018 and June 2020. A total of 79 patients were identified and enrolled for analysis. The median age of the patients was 78 years. The colonoscopy findings included angiodysplasia (n = 3, 3.8%), colitis (n = 17, 21.5%), colonic ulcer (n = 2, 2.5%), diverticulosis (n = 3, 3.8%), hemorrhoid (n = 10, 12.7%), rectal ulcer (n = 16, 20.3%), tumor (n = 10, 12.7%), volvulus (n = 1, 1.3%), bleeding of unknown origin (n = 4, 5.1%), and no diagnosis (n = 13, 16.5%). A total of 46 patients (58%) survived to discharge. Patients who survived had statistically significantly higher Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores (P = .009) and albumin levels (P = .002) than patients who did not survive. Patient survival is associated with GCS score and albumin level, but not with colonoscopy findings.
Tunable CHA/AEI Zeolite Intergrowths with A Priori Biselective Organic Structure‐Directing Agents: Controlling Enrichment and Implications for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx
Authors: Bello‐Jurado Estefanía , Schwalbe‐Koda Daniel , Nero Mathias , Paris Cecilia , Uusimäki Toni , Román‐Leshkov Yuriy , Corma Avelino , Willhammar Tom , Gómez‐Bombarelli Rafael , Moliner Manuel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel ab initio methodology based on high‐throughput simulations has permitted designing unique biselective organic structure‐directing agents (OSDAs) that allow the efficient synthesis of CHA/AEI zeolite intergrowth materials with controlled phase compositions. Distinctive local crystallographic ordering of the CHA/AEI intergrowths was revealed at the nanoscale level using integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC STEM). These novel CHA/AEI materials have been tested for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, presenting an outstanding catalytic performance and hydrothermal stability, even surpassing the performance of the well‐established commercial CHA‐type catalyst. This methodology opens the possibility for synthetizing new zeolite intergrowths with more complex structures and unique catalytic properties.
Poly(ionic liquid)‐Armored MXene Membrane: Interlayer Engineering for Facilitated Water Transport
Authors: Yi Ming , Wang Mi , Wang Yan , Wang Yanlei , Chang Jian , Kheirabad Atefeh Khorsand , He Hongyan , Yuan Jiayin , Zhang Miao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) MXene‐based lamellar membranes bearing interlayers of tunable hydrophilicity are promising for high‐performance water purification. The current challenge lies in how to engineer the pore wall's surface properties in the subnano‐confinement environment while ensuring its high selectivity. Herein, poly(ionic liquid)s, equipped with readily exchangeable counter anions, succeeded as a hydrophilicity modifier in addressing this issue. Lamellar membranes bearing nanochannels of tailorable hydrophilicity are constructed via assembly of poly(ionic liquid)‐armored MXene nanosheets. By shifting the interlayer galleries from being hydrophilic to more hydrophobic via simple anion exchange, the MXene membrane performs drastically better for both the permeance (by two‐fold improvement) and rejection (≈99 %). This facile method opens up a new avenue for building 2D material‐based membranes of enhancing molecular transport and sieving effect.
Commonly Used Alkylating Agents Limit Persulfide Detection by Converting Protein Persulfides into Thioethers
Authors: Schilling Danny , Barayeu Uladzimir , Steimbach Raphael R. , Talwar Deepti , Miller Aubry K. , Dick Tobias P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProtein persulfides (R‐S‐SH) have emerged as a common post‐translational modification. Detection and quantitation of protein persulfides requires trapping with alkylating agents. Here we show that alkylating agents differ dramatically in their ability to conserve the persulfide's sulfur–sulfur bond for subsequent detection by mass spectrometry. The two alkylating agents most commonly used in cell biology and biochemistry, N‐ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide, are found to be unsuitable for the purpose of conserving persulfides under biologically relevant conditions. The resulting persulfide adducts (R‐S‐S‐Alk) rapidly convert into the corresponding thioethers (R‐S‐Alk) by donating sulfur to ambient nucleophilic acceptors. In contrast, certain other alkylating agents, in particular monobromobimane and N‐t‐butyl‐iodoacetamide, generate stable alkylated persulfides. We propose that the nature of the alkylating agent determines the ability of the disulfide bond (R‐S‐S‐Alk) to tautomerize into the thiosulfoxide (R‐(S=S)‐Alk), and/or the ability of nucleophiles to remove the sulfane sulfur atom from the thiosulfoxide.
Accelerated Post‐Polymerization Amidation of Polymers with Side‐Chain Ester Groups by Intramolecular Activation
Authors: Van Guyse Joachim F. R. , Leiske Meike N. , Verjans Jente , Bernhard Yann , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe catalytic conversion of esters to amides represents new opportunities in the synthetic diversification and upcycling of polymers, as esters are commonly featured in various polymer structures. Yet, direct amidation is typically hampered by poor reaction kinetics and the effects of polymer structure on the reactivity remain poorly understood. We report the accelerated amidation for amines with additional hydrogen bond donating or accepting groups. These amines facilitate the expeditious (co)amidation of polymers with pendant ester groups, displaying at least a 400‐fold higher reactivity relative to polyesters with esters in the main chain. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the reactivity and degree of polymerization for poly(methyl acrylate) suggests a hydrogen‐bond mediated intramolecular activation of the esters, which was confirmed by FT‐IR spectroscopy and basic molecular mechanics modeling. The reported method paves the way to synthesize diverse (co)polymers with amide side chains from readily available polymeric precursors.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted 3‐Pyrrolines
Authors: Tambe Shrikant D. , Ka Cheol Hyeon , Hwang Ho Seong , Bae Jaehan , Iqbal Naeem , Cho Eun Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of synthetic methods to produce highly functionalized chiral 3‐pyrrolines is of indisputable importance because of their prevalence in natural and synthetic bioactive molecules. Unfortunately, previous general cycloaddition approaches using allenoates, could not synthesize 3,4‐disubstituted 3‐pyrrolines. Herein, an original approach to yield 2,3,4‐trisubstituted 3‐pyrrolines with chirality at the 2‐position is presented. A NiII/Fc‐i‐PrPHOX catalytic system facilitated a redox‐neutral highly stereoselective process that exhibited an enantioselectivity of up to 99 %. Enantioenriched 3‐pyrrolines can be converted to other valuable classes of N‐heterocycles.
Enhanced Structural Stability and Pressure‐Induced Photoconductivity in Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite (C6H5CH2NH3)2CuBr4
Authors: Zhan Xinhui , Jiang Xiaomei , Lv Pin , Xu Jie , Li Fengjiao , Chen Zhaolai , Liu Xiaobing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe eco‐friendly properties enable two‐dimensional (2D) Cu‐based perovskites as ideal candidates for next‐generation optoelectronics, but practical application is limited by low photoelectric conversion efficiency because of poor carrier transport abilities. Here, we report enhanced structural stability of 2D CuBr4 perovskites under compression up to 30 GPa, without obvious volume collapse or structural amorphization, by inserting organic C6H5CH2NH3 (PMA) groups between layers. The band gap value of (PMA)2CuBr4 can be effectively tuned from 1.8 to 1.47 eV by employing external pressures, leading to a broadened absorption range of 400–800 nm. Notably, we successfully detected photoconductivity of the photoresponse at pressures from 10 to 40 GPa; the maximum value of 5×10−3 S cm−1 is observed at 28 GPa, indicating potential applications for high performance photovoltaic candidates under extreme conditions.
Captive‐bred ancestry affects spatial patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations
Authors: Prunier Jérôme G. , Saint‐Pé Keoni , Tissot Laurence , Poulet Nicolas , Marselli Geoffrey , Veyssière Charlotte , Blanchet Simon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntraspecific genetic diversity is heterogeneously distributed in natural landscapes and often forms repeatable spatial patterns. For instance, in rivers, genetic diversity increases towards downstream areas, whereas genetic differentiation increases in isolated upstream areas. Nonetheless, these patterns can be modified by human‐induced perturbations, and documenting the extent to which human activities alter these natural patterns is important for conservation. Among the human pressures that affect freshwater biodiversity, stocking natural populations with captive‐bred strains is a common practice worldwide that can strongly alter the genetic integrity of wild populations.The main objectives of this study were to document the spatial distribution of captive‐bred ancestry in brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations from four French basins having been stocked according to different practices, and to quantify for each basin the effect of captive‐bred ancestry on the spatial distribution of genetic diversity and differentiation. The four basins were sampled along their upstream–downstream gradient, and a total of 1,686 individuals were genotyped at 192 single nucleotide polymorphism loci.For all basins, individuals with a strong assignment to the captive strain were mostly found in upper reaches, although the average proportion of captive‐bred ancestry varied strikingly among rivers (from 1.9 to 58.7%). Although spatial patterns of genetic differentiation were not affected by introgression and showed an expected increase with increasing distances from the river mouth in all basins, there was evidence that the classical pattern of downstream increase in genetic diversity was reversed when considering highly introgressed populations.These findings demonstrate that the stocking of captive‐bred strains can strongly modify natural spatial patterns of diversity, even when stocking occurred many generations ago and has now ended. The study illustrates the major impacts of humans on intraspecific biodiversity patterns, and emphasizes the importance of conservation plans that take into account this artificial distribution of genetic diversity.
Lumped uncertainty alleviation in output channels of MIMO nonlinear systems based on robust disturbance observer‐based control strategy
Authors: Zarei Amin , Tavakoli Saeed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisturbances and uncertainties can produce unsatisfactory responses in many industrial and engineering systems. Besides, the practical systems and processes are multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO). Hence, achieving a good control performance with adequate output responses is not simple. Many different methods were provided for control of industrial processes in some references. However, in this paper, the primary goal is to design an appropriate tracking controller for alleviating the destructive effects of uncertainties in output channels of MIMO nonlinear systems. For this purpose, a robust mechanism has been introduced according to the optimal design of centralized extended proportional‐derivative (CEPD) and disturbance observer (DOB). By designing the derivative part
based on famous Vandermonde matrix and DOB gain
, the robust criterion
is obtained to tackle the undesirable factors such as nonlinear functions and uncertainties in error dynamics. The closed‐loop stability is guaranteed by tuning the proportional part
under linear matrix inequality. The proposed scheme in this paper can be used for a wide range of MIMO nonlinear systems in practical situations.
Highly Stable and Scalable Lithium Metal Anodes Enabled by a Lithiophilic SnO2@Graphite Fiber Framework Design
Authors: Qian Xiaojuan , Miao Di , Lin Xiaoping , Chen Maohua , Xie Yuansen , Qu Jie , Tu Xingchao , Lai Chao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe uncontrollable growth of dendrites, infinite volume changes, low Coulombic efficiencies, and poor charging/discharging rates in lithium metal anodes have seriously hampered the further development of lithium metal batteries. Trapping lithium (Li) into rationally designed three‐dimensional (3D) structured Li metal anodes in order to construct a 3D‐Li framework is an effective approach to suppress the growth of Li dendrites. However, material inconsistencies and high costs still seriously limit practical applications. In this study, we describe the use of commercial low‐cost graphite fiber (GF) as a suitable conformal scaffold for preparing a lithiophilic SnO2@GF material using facile infiltration method. The lithiophilic 3D porous conductive framework allows homogeneous Li deposition on the surface of a structured electrode and accommodates the volume change during Li plating/stripping, leading to a significant boost in both the charging/discharging rates and cycling stability. This study highlights the significance of interface‐related science and engineering in designing high‐performance Li metal anodes, but also highlights the need for greater dedication to the construction of highly stable lithium anodes and high‐energy density Li metal batteries in a low‐cost manner.
Decreased plasma acetaminophen glucuronide/acetaminophen concentration ratio warns the onset of acetaminophen‐induced liver injury
Authors: Noda Takumi , Kato Ryuji , Ozato Yasuyuki , Kawai Yuka , Yamamoto Masato , Kagawa Yuya , Azuma Misa , Yamamoto Kojiro , Kusanagi Mika , Uryu Kiyoaki , Harada Hiromasa , Ijiri Yoshio , Hayashi Tetsuya , Tanaka Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP)‐induced liver injury (AILI) is the most common cause of acute liver failure. Although the mechanisms that trigger AILI are well known, it is less understood how to halt AILI progression and facilitate liver recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of APAP hepatotoxicity in patients and to examine predictive/preventive markers. In a clinical study, we had a case in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels increased in a patient with a low ratio of APAP glucuronide concentration (AP‐G)/APAP plasma concentration. Then a reverse translational study was conducted for clarifying this clinical question. The relationship between plasma AP‐G/APAP concentration ratio and the levels of AST and ALT was examined by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In in vivo experiments, 10‐week‐old rats showed lower UGT activity, lower AP‐G/APAP concentration ratios, and higher AST and ALT levels than 5‐week‐old rats. This suggests an inverse correlation between the AP‐G/APAP concentration ratio and the AST, ALT levels in APAP‐treated rats. Furthermore, as a result of the in vitro experiment, it was confirmed that the cell viability decreased when the AP‐G/APAP concentration ratio in the culture medium decreased. Since the decrease in the plasma AP‐G/APAP concentration ratio appears earlier than the increase of AST and ALT levels, the ratio might be a presymptomatic marker of AILI. When APAP is used for a long time, it is recommended to perform therapeutic drug monitoring of the AP‐G/APAP concentration ratio, which is a predictive/preventive marker of AILI.
Frustrated Lewis pair‐catalyzed hydrogenation of unactivated alkenes with sterically hindered 9‐phosphatriptycenes
Authors: Mahaut Damien , Champagne Benoît , Berionni Guillaume 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe frustrated Lewis pair‐catalyzed hydrogenation of unactivated alkenes with H2 is reported. The weak Lewis basicity and high steric hindrance of ortho‐substituted 9‐phosphatriptycene derivatives is taken as an advantage to catalyze this reaction in combination with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. A scope of unsaturated substrates is described. The thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogenation investigated by density functional theory show that the protonation of the olefin by the strongly acidic phosphonium cation is the critical step of the reaction.
Programming Rapid Functional Group Diversification into a Solid‐State Reaction: Aryl Nitriles for Self‐Assembly, Click Reactivity, and Discovery of Coexisting Supramolecular Synthons
Authors: Li Changan , Swenson Dale C. , MacGillivray Leonard R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA method to rapidly diversify the molecules formed in organic crystals is introduced, with aryl nitriles playing a novel dual role as both hydrogen‐bond acceptors and modifiable organic groups. The discovery of coexisting supramolecular synthons in the same crystal is also described. The general concept is demonstrated by using a bis(aryl nitrile) alkene that undergoes a hydrogen‐bond‐directed intermolecular [2+2] photodimerization to form a tetra(aryl nitrile)cyclobutane. The product is readily converted by click reactivity to a tetra(aryl tetrazole) and by hydrolysis to a tetra(aryl carboxylic acid). The integration of aryl nitriles into solid‐state reactions opens broad avenues to post‐modify products formed in crystalline solids for rapid diversification.
Privacy protected internet of unmanned aerial vehicles for disastrous site identification
Authors: Khullar Vikas , Singh Harjit Pal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisastrous site identification through the internet of UAVs is a current research area that aims to improve data sharing by connecting servers to the internet. Internet‐connected unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for aerial image classification necessitated the sharing of large datasets between the number of connected flying machines. The artificial intelligence model training to predict images need to compromise data privacy, consume a lot of energy, and high requirement of data communication. This article aims to propose and implement federated deep learning trained aerial image classification for disastrous sites through the internet of UAVs. The proposed model provides privacy‐preserving and resource efficient deep learning by sharing only models rather than large datasets of images. Multisystem client–server federated learning UAV architecture was implemented and comparatively analyzed on basis of parameters namely, training–testing accuracy, train‐testing loss, RAM‐CPU utilization.