bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The normative data of cortical volumes in normal aging from Neuro I, a brain image quantitative analysis system
Authors: Choi Yu Yong , Hong Dongpyo , Park Jongseong , Heo Mina , Lim Da‐Hye , Seo Eun Hyun , Chung Ji Yeon , Chong Ari , Ha Jung‐Min , Choo Il Han , Kim Hoo Won , Lee Kun Ho , Hospital Chosun University 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aging of brain is a topic has been constantly studied. Particularly, the norms for the elderly are important in diagnosing degenerative brain diseases, but the aging brain of East Asians has not been fully studied yet. “Neuro I” is a brain image quantitative analysis system with a built‐in large‐scale normative database for East Asians to provide quantified clinical information on how different an individual patient is from normal people. The study aimed to investigate ethnic differences of cortical brain volumes in normal elderly people, and to determine whether the norms considering racial disparities could improve the accuracy of diagnosis.MethodUsing Neuro I, cortical volumes were measured from brain magnetic resonance (MR) images of 1,686 cognitively normal elderly Koreans aged 59 to 89. For Caucasians, the brain images of 855 Caucasian‐Non‐Hispanic subjects were selected from the ADNI and OASIS datasets. The regression model predicting brain volumes were built using ethnicity, age, sex, intracranial volume (ICV), magnetic field strength (MFS), and scanner manufacturers as predictors. Based on the prediction model, the z‐scores of each individual were calculated. To validate the z‐score for diagnosis, 420 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects of Koreans and Caucasians, and the same number of normal subjects were selected. The four validation groups divided by race and diagnosis were age‐ and sex‐matched using a propensity score matching method.ResultThe models predicting cortical volumes had a considerate amount of explained variance (mean R2: 55.8%, range: 42.7%–77.5%). Ethnicity explained substantial variances for temporal and parietal lobes (mean R2: 5.6%, range: 4.2%–7.5%), comparable to age (mean R2: 3.3%, range: 2.0%–4.3%). Furthermore, the z score of each region based on the model with ethnicity as a predictor (AUCs = .75, .72, .67, and .67 for left and right temporal and left and right parietal lobes, respectively) improved the accuracy of AD diagnosis compared to the z score based on the model without ethnicity (AUCs = .62, .59, .55, and .57).ConclusionRace or ethnicity should be considered for establishing the normative data in normal aging and AD diagnosis.
How much sleep is enough to avoid dementia or mild cognitive impairment? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Tsoi Kelvin KF , Chan Joyce YC , Lee Helen WY , Bat Baker Kwok Kwan , Chan Tak Kit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDementia remains a global burden in aged populations and its contributing factors are still poorly known. While the lack of sleep has been proposed as a risk factor for dementia, evidence has emerged that excessive sleep might also be associated with increased risk for dementia. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis then aims to quantitatively clarify the correlation between dementia and sleep duration using a novel approach.MethodLiterature databases including PubMed and Embase were searched for studies reporting statistics on the proportion of participants with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as the corresponding sleep duration. Unlike existing methods that measure odds ratios and relative ratios of developing dementia, the data were used to form a beta distribution that shows the likelihood of developing dementia / MCI given the sleep duration.ResultThe search identified a total of 6,522 articles, of these 10 studies involving 31510 participants in 7 countries were eligible for inclusion. The follow‐up time of these studies varied between 1 to 14 years. The relationship between dementia / MCI was U‐shaped. The distribution was asymmetrical with the implication that excessive sleep was associated with higher risk of dementia / MCI, compared with lack of sleep. In addition, higher risk of dementia rather than MCI was associated with sleep duration below 5 hours or above 9 hours.ConclusionThe asymmetry of the distribution suggests the difference in the pathogenesis of dementia between the lack of sleep and excessive sleep. Coupled with existing findings that excessive sleep does not lead to the deposition of β‐amyloid, it is suggested that excessive sleep directly damages synapses in the absence of β‐amyloid accumulation. While there is still no plausible physiologic explanation for how excessive sleep and dementia is mediated, some have argued that excessive sleep could elevate the level of proinflammatory cytokine that has been suggested to reduce synapses.
A perspective from ethnomusicology: How to methodologically choose the correct music globally to awaken memories in the Alzheimer's patient
Authors: Pillay Jayendran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMusic tracks were assembled in sociocultural context and in autobiographical order as experienced by an Alzheimer's patient and tabularized with the patient's personal attendant emotions to each music trackMethodThe patient and family members were interviewed, as per Ethnomusicological method, reconstructing the significant events in the patient's life, including the experience of any present music at that time. The music tracks were then played to the patient.ResultThe patient recalled many episodes of her life but lacked geographical and time perspectives such as when and where the events took place. Her posture and speech seemed to improve after she heard her familiar music. Her emotions mostly corresponded to how she felt earlier in life when first encountering the music.ConclusionMusic potentially serves as a powerful trigger to awaken not just the memories associated with the music but others not associated with the music in a cascade effect. The patient had a better sense of her identity, while recalling the names of her family, some correctly and others not. The speech capacity was better after the patient's music was played as opposed to the interview phase done without music, suggesting that the music may trigger broader improvements beyond memory recollection. The emotions experienced via the triggered familiar music of significance were a strong driving force to recall specific events in her life. This pilot study needs to be expanded into different multicultural settings to ascertain its global impact.
Neuropsychological assessment of diverse populations in Europe: The European Consortium for Cross‐Cultural Neuropsychology (ECCroN)
Authors: Franzen Sanne , Mukadam Naaheed , Calia Clara , Watermeyer Tam J , Canevelli Marco , Pomati Simone , Goudsmit Miriam , van den Berg Esther , Papma Janne M , Ibanez‐Casas Inmaculada , Lozano‐Ruiz Alvaro , Fasfous Ahmed , Maillet Didier , Narme Pauline , Bekkhus‐Wetterberg Peter , Nielsen Rune 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPopulations living in European countries are becoming increasingly diverse. As performance on traditional neuropsychological tests is heavily influenced by culture, language, (level and quality of) education, literacy, and other factors, neuropsychological assessment practices need to be adapted to account for this diversity.MethodThe European Consortium for Cross‐Cultural Neuropsychology (ECCroN) aims to improve assessment of culturally, educationally, and linguistically diverse individuals across Europe by 1) collaborating on the validation and implementation of cross‐cultural neuropsychological tests and 2) working on initiatives geared at improving interpreter use and training programs for neuropsychologists.ResultThe consortium was founded in late 2019 and currently consists of 16 experts based in 9 countries – some of whom work in multinational contexts. The first meetings of the network stressed several points. First, ECCroN aims to develop and/or validate cross‐culturally applicable tests, as opposed to race‐based norms for existing tests; for example, current projects aim to validate measures of social cognition and language (naming) in patients with migration backgrounds. Second, ECCroN emphasizes the importance of taking into account diversity across the entire spectrum, both in populations traditionally considered to be ‘majority’ and ‘minority’ groups, e.g. best practices should be developed for those with little education regardless of native‐born or migrant status. Third, ECCroN aims to identify and share suitable instruments to measure factors potentially influencing the assessment, such as bilingualism, acculturation and educational quality.ConclusionJoint efforts should be undertaken to develop, validate, publish, and implement cross‐cultural tests across European countries to reduce misdiagnoses in diverse patient populations.
A natural stimulus for entraining brain oscillations in Alzheimer's disease therapy: Canary song
Authors: Lahijanian Mojtaba , Alamalhoda Mohammad Amin , Aghajan Hamid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe potential therapeutic effects of 40Hz gamma stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has recently been under study (Suk et al. Alzheimer’s and Dementia 2020; Adaikkan et al., Trends in Neuroscience 2020; Sedghizadeh et al. Alzheimer’s and Dementia 2020). While measuring the gamma power as a marker for brain entrainment is well established in the literature, some studies have focused on theta‐gamma coupling (TGC) (Etter, Guillaume, et al., Nature Communications 2019; Munia & Aviyente, Scientific Reports 2019) as TGC is known to play a critical role in working/spatial memory tasks. Synthetic 40Hz amplitude‐modulated auditory chirp sounds have been used to entrain gamma oscillations. As a natural alternative, we propose the canary song, which is innate, pleasant, and includes diverse modulating sounds with chirp frequencies up to 20Hz. Since harmonic components are present in entrained response of the brain (Jones et al., Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2019) albeit at lower powers, entrainment with the 20Hz canary chirp song can be a substitute for the commonly used synthetic 40Hz sounds.MethodWe observed the entrainment characteristics for the complete course of a canary’s singing as well as for selective 20Hz chirp segments of the song on eight young adults with simultaneous EEG recording. We measured the power spectrum and TGC strength during the stimulus and rest intervals on selective independent components (IC) of the recorded response.ResultCanary song’s 20Hz chirp increases the theta band and 20Hz oscillation activity. During the stimuli intervals, ICs were found in the response close to the midbrain area that were entrained by the 20Hz stimuli while also showing high power in the theta band. TGC with high values around 40 Hz was also observed during the 20 Hz chirp intervals.ConclusionEmploying natural sounds for AD therapy campaigns offers a more pleasant and serene alternative to artificial sounds. We selected segments of canary’s natural song which can produce entrainment effects similar to those of the synthetic 40Hz auditory tones commonly used for brain entrainment. Other natural sounds such as those of cricket and woodpecker can also be good candidates for entraining the brain in AD therapy.
Mathematical modeling reveals the correlates of cognitive impairment across the FTLD spectrum
Authors: Cividini Camilla , Agosta Federica , Basaia Silvia , Spinelli Edoardo Gioele , Castelnovo Veronica , Canu Elisa , Riva Nilo , Magnani Giuseppe , Caso Francesca , Filippi Massimo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) lie on a continuum. The study aim was to apply mathematical modeling to unravel MRI connectomic signatures of cognitive/behavioral impairment in ALS.MethodEighty‐three ALS, 35 bvFTD and 61 controls underwent clinical/cognitive evaluations and MRI scan. Neuropsychological testing identified 54 ALS with only motor deficits (ALS‐motor), 21 ALS with cognitive/behavioral impairment (ALS‐ci/bi) and 8 ALS with bvFTD (ALS‐FTD). Structural and functional connectivity values were considered and normalized relative to controls. Statistical distribution analysis was performed between patient groups.ResultCompared to ALS‐motor, bvFTD showed greater structural disruption within and between frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. Conversely, ALS‐motor showed a greater damage within sensorimotor–basal ganglia connections relative to bvFTD. ALS‐ci/bi and ALS‐FTD showed an ALS‐like pattern within motor areas, whereas a bvFTD‐like pattern was found only within the parietotemporal connections in ALS‐ci/bi and within frontal and frontal‐sensorimotor connections in ALS‐FTD. Functionally, bvFTD showed decreased functional connectivity in frontotemporal and sensorimotor‐parietal connections compared to ALS‐motor. ALS‐ci/bi showed enhanced functional connectivity relative to bvFTD in the frontal‐sensorimotor, parietotemporal connections and within sensorimotor areas, while ALS‐FTD showed reduced functional connectivity in temporal‐sensorimotor connections compared to ALS subgroups.ConclusionTwo characteristic patterns were identified: alterations of the frontotemporal and parietal networks as bvFTD‐like, and a more focal damage within sensorimotor‐basal ganglia areas as ALS‐like, bringing to light features that ALS‐ci/bi and ALS‐FTD shared with the two ends of ALS‐bvFTD spectrum. The Italian Ministry of Health (GR‐2011‐02351217; GR‐2013‐02357415; RF‐2011‐02351193), AriSLA (ConnectALS), European Research Council (StG‐2016_714388_NeuroTRACK).
Impaired default mode network along with increased functional connectivity of the medial temporal lobe as a function of CSF p‐Tau/Ab42 ratio in cognitively unimpaired individuals
Authors: González‐de‐Echávarri José María , Milà‐Alomà Marta , Operto Greg , Falcon Carles , Minguillón Carolina , Fauria Karine , Simon Maryline , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Molinuevo Jose Luis , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Suarez‐Calvet Marc , Gispert Juan Domingo , Cacciaglia Raffaele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmyloid‐b (Ab) and tau exert a synergistic action on brain structure and function in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. However, these two biomarkers have so far been investigated separately. Recently, it was proposed that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phospho‐tau (pTau)/Ab42 ratio may represent a novel prognostic core biomarker, providing information on both proteinopathies along the preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. Here, we aim to characterize the association between CSF pTau/Ab42 and resting‐state functional connectivity (FC), an established imaging marker of AD, in CU individuals.MethodWe included 349 CU participants from the ALFA study (mean age=60.21 years) who underwent deep phenotype screening, including CSF data collection and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). CSF Ab42 was assessed with the exploratory Roche NeuroToolKit arobust prototype assays, while pTau181 was measured with the Elecsys® Phospho‐Tau (181P) CSF immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd). The CONN toolbox was used to preprocess and analyze the fMRI data. fMRI volumes were parceled into 218 regions and bivariate correlations in the filtered fMRI signal among parcels were computed. A linear regression model was used to assess the impact of continuous pTau/Ab42 ratio on FC, adjusting for age, sex, years of education and APOE‐e4 status. A threshold of uncorrected p<0.005 using non‐parametric pair‐wise clustering was implemented.ResultHigher pTau/Ab42 ratio were associated with decreased FC within the default mode network (DMN) (Fig. 1), but increased FC within the temporo‐hippocampal (THN) and visual networks (VN) (Fig. 2). Also, we observed a reduced FC between the sensorimotor network and both the DMN and THN, as a function of pTau/Ab42 levels (Fig. 2).ConclusionOur results suggest that individuals with more advanced pathology in the preclinical AD continuum, reflected by higher pTau/Ab42 ratio, present altered FC across different distributed neural systems, both within and between networks. The reduced within‐DMN connectivity resembles earlier findings of DMN disruption as a function of cerebral Ab accumulation. However, the increased FC within the THN and VM may be indicative of a compensatory strategy to sustain cognitive functions despite AD pathology. Future studies shall include measures of cognitive performance along with longitudinal assessment to clarify this aspect.
Dilated brain perivascular spaces and their role in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Serra Guillermo Polanco , Liu Minghua , Guzman Vanessa A. , Rundek Tatjana , Kreisl William Charles , Gutierrez Jose 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDilated small perivascular spaces (SPVS) have gained interest as MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease and possibly dementia.MethodWe leveraged existing data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) to extract information regarding participants’ demographics, vascular risks, cognitive profile, APOE4 genotype and PET imaging for beta amyloid (AV‐45) and phospho tau (AV‐1451). For cognition and dementia status, we used the total Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale (ADAS‐Cog), and clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores. We used composite gray matter regions for PET measurements of amyloid and tau. We rated SPVS using a previously validated and reliable visual scale that assesses 14 brain regions for presence of SPVS. Each region was given a score of 0 (no SPVS), 1 (1‐3 SPVS), or 2(>3 SPVS). Regional scores were combined to create global SPVS scores. We built multivariate regression models using sex, age, education (in years), hypertension, prior stroke, white matter hypointensities (WMH) volume and APOE4 carrier status.ResultWe included 1,278 participants (mean age 75±8, 48%women, 89% non‐Hispanic white). SPVS were present in 85% of participants (median 6, range 0‐25). In multivariate analysis, SPVS score was associated with older age (B=0.05, P=0.01), history of stroke (B=6.9, P<0.001), WMH (B=0.33 per standard deviation, P=0.05) and marginally with hypertension (B=0.51, P=0.08). SPVS score, however, was associated with a higher MOCA score (B=0.06, P=0.03). There were no associations between SPVS with total ADAS score (B=‐0.02, P=0.71), CDR score (B= ‐0.03, P=0.07), amyloid (B=0.001, P=0.94) or tau (B=0.01, P=0.45).ConclusionBrain SPVS are associated with cerebrovascular disease and aging, but their additional value compared to other imaging markers of cerebrovascular disease as predictors of poorer cognition, dementia or Alzheimer disease is not supported by these data.
Association of lower heart rate variability with neuroimaging markers for dementia‐related pathology: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Sandler Sebastian L. , Lockhart Samuel N. , Hiatt Kevin , Whitlow Christopher T. , Rapp Stephen R. , Sachs Bonnie C. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Bertoni Alain , Heckbert Susan , Hughes Tim M. , Schaich Christopher L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundLower heart rate variability (HRV), indicating worse cardiac autonomic function, is associated with cardiovascular risk factors for dementia. We hypothesized that lower HRV would be associated with neuroimaging biomarkers for dementia‐related pathology independent of cardiovascular risk factors.MethodDuring MESA Exam 6 (2016‐19), 256 white and African‐American Wake Forest site participants completed 3T brain MRI, and 159 further completed Aβ‐PET imaging. HRV was calculated as standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) from 10‐second electrocardiogram at Exam 1 (2000‐02) and Exam 5 (2010‐12). We related continuous (log2‐normalized) HRV to neuroimaging parameters including mean temporal lobe cortical thickness, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) free water in gray (gmFW) and white matter (wmFW), and presence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), lacunes, and Aβ positivity (Pittsburgh Compound B SUVR ≥1.21) using multivariable linear and logistic regression, and examined race and sex interactions. To account for potential non‐linearity, we also considered the association of lowest quartile HRV to neuroimaging markers. Regression coefficients (β [95% CI]; standard deviation units) and odds ratios (OR [95% CI]) are adjusted for age, race, sex, education, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, hypertension medication use, diabetes, and APOE genotype.ResultIn 254 participants (Exam 6 age 72.2±6.9 years; 58.7% female; 47.2% white) with HRV measurements, lower continuous Exam 1 SDNN (β = ‐0.23 [‐0.39, ‐0.07]) and RMSSD (β = ‐0.19 [‐0.33, ‐0.05]) were associated with higher wmFW. Interactions showed that CMBs were associated with lowest quartile Exam 1 SDNN (OR = 3.76 [1.15, 12.25]) and Exam 5 RMSSD (OR = 3.36 [1.07, 10.54]) in males only (sex interaction P<0.001), and with Exam 1 SDNN (OR = 2.58 [1.04, 6.45]) in African‐Americans only (race interaction P = 0.039). Lower HRV was not associated with cortical thickness or presence of lacunes. In 152 participants with Aβ‐PET, no associations with Aβ deposition were found.ConclusionLower HRV from up to 16 years prior may be associated with increased neuroinflammation as measured by free water in older adults. Associations between HRV and cerebral small vessel disease markers may differ by sex or race.