bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient control of western flower thrips by plastid-mediated RNA interference
Authors: Wu Mengting , Dong Yi , Zhang Qi , Li Shengchun , Chang Ling , Loiacono F. Vanessa , Ruf Stephanie , Zhang Jiang , Bock Ralph 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceThrips are a group of piercing-sucking pest insects that do massive damage in agriculture and horticulture. The western flower thrip is a particularly notorious pest that has spread all over the world and is extremely difficult to control. In this work, we have shown that upon feeding, thrips take up substantial quantities of chloroplast RNA. When we expressed from the chloroplast genome long double-stranded RNAs that are targeted against essential thrip genes, the RNAs induced a potent RNA interference response and efficiently killed the insects. Our study demonstrates that an important group of nonchewing pest insects can be targeted by plant-mediated RNA interference and provides an efficient weapon to control thrips and other sucking plant pests.
High-precision tumor resection down to few-cell level guided by NIR-IIb molecular fluorescence imaging
Authors: Wang Feifei , Qu Liangqiong , Ren Fuqiang , Baghdasaryan Ani , Jiang Yingying , Hsu RuSiou , Liang Peng , Li Jiachen , Zhu Guanzhou , Ma Zhuoran , Dai Hongjie 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Surgical removal of tumors has been performed to combat cancer for over a century by surgeons relying on visual inspection and experience to identify margins between malignant and healthy tissues. Herein, we present a rare-earth down-conversion nanoparticle–anti-CD105 conjugate for cancer targeting and a handheld imager capable of concurrent photographic imaging and fluorescence/luminescence imaging. An unprecedented tumor-to-muscle ratio was achieved by near-infrared-IIb (NIR-IIb, 1,500 to 1,700 nm) imaging during surgery, ∼100 times higher than previous organic dyes for unambiguous determination of tumor margin. The sensitivity/biocompatibility/safety of the probes and instrumentation developed here open a paradigm of imaging-guided surgery at the single-cell level, meeting all major requirements for clinical translation to combat cancer and save human lives.
Chemical–genetic interaction mapping links carbon metabolism and cell wall structure to tuberculosis drug efficacy
Authors: Koh Eun-Ik , Oluoch Peter O. , Ruecker Nadine , Proulx Megan K. , Soni Vijay , Murphy Kenan C. , Papavinasasundaram Kadamba , Reames Charlotte J. , Trujillo Carolina , Zaveri Anisha , Zimmerman Matthew D. , Aslebagh Roshanak , Baker Richard E. , Shaffer Scott A. , Guinn Kristine M. , Fitzgerald Michael , Dartois Véronique , Ehrt Sabine , Hung Deborah T. , Ioerger Thomas R. , Rubin Eric J. , Rhee Kyu Y. , Schnappinger Dirk , Sassetti Christopher M. 
Published: April 2022

Significance

Efforts to improve tuberculosis therapy include optimizing multidrug regimens to take advantage of drug–drug synergies. However, the complex host environment has a profound effect on bacterial metabolic state and drug activity, making predictions of optimal drug combinations difficult. In this study, we leverage a newly developed library of conditional knockdown
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
mutants in which genetic depletion of essential genes mimics the effect of drug therapy. This tractable system allowed us to assess the effect of growth condition on predicted drug–drug interactions. We found that these interactions can be differentially sensitive to the metabolic state, and select in vitro–defined interactions can be leveraged to accelerate bacterial killing during infection. These findings suggest strategies for optimizing tuberculosis therapy.
An adaptive integral terminal sliding mode controller to track the human upper limb during front crawl swimming
Authors: Haghpanah Seyyed Arash , Khosrowpour Elham , Hematiyan Mohammad Rahim 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTInjuries are inevitable during swimming. The main goal of athletes especially competitive ones and coaches is to do the most mechanically effective movement patterns. In this case, biomechanical assessments could be beneficial in the management and prevention of injuries and pain in swimmers’ vulnerable joints. As the upper limb in swimming causes the highest propulsive force, the arm is exposed to more injuries. A skeletal model with 5 degrees of freedom is developed to simulate the swimmer's arm during front crawl swimming. This model includes shoulder and elbow joints with all of their degrees of freedom. An adaptive integral sliding mode (AITSM) controller is employed to track the desired joint trajectories during swimming. This controller can converge the tracking errors to zero in finite time. For tuning the controller gains regardless of the upper bounds of the system uncertainties, an adaptive controller is applied. The results demonstrate the performance of the AITSM strategy in tracking the desired trajectory of an underwater arm model during swimming. During the down sweep to catch phase, arm movements cause more stress in the shoulder than the elbow. The applied moment at the shoulder is almost triple of the elbow's moment. Therefore, the most vulnerable joint is the shoulder. By considering shoulder strength, the injury risk is predicted about 10% for the considered swimmer.Highlights
The human upper limb during front crawl swimming is simulated.
A 5‐DOF skeletal model is considered to simulate the arm.
An adaptive integral sliding mode (AITSM) controller is employed to track the desired trajectory.
The results show that the controller has the proper performance to track the desired motion.
The most vulnerable joint is the shoulder and higher moments are induced at this joint.
Simple pendulum with speed-independent bearing friction
Authors: Mungan Carl E , Lipscombe Trevor C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Damping of an oscillator is often analyzed in terms of linear or quadratic drag as the object moves through a fluid such as air. Here attention is instead focused on the frictional torque in the bearing of a rigidly swinging pendulum. Two simple models are proposed to describe the bearing. First, it is considered to be two concentric cylinders with friction acting at one point of contact between them. Second, the bearing is taken to be composed of small balls in the race between the two cylinders, so that there are many points of contact over which the frictional force is distributed. The level of analysis in these two models is accessible to students in a first university course in calculus-based mechanics.
Topological band transition between hexagonal and triangular lattices with (p

x
, p

y
) orbitals
Authors: Hao Xiamin , Wu Weikang , Zhu Jiaojiao , Song Biyu , Meng Qingling , Wu Meimei , Hua Chenqiang , Yang Shengyuan A. , Zhou Miao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
By combining tight-binding modelling with density functional theory based first-principles calculations, we investigate the band evolution of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal lattices with (p

x
, p

y
) orbitals, focusing on the electronic structures and topological phase transitions. The (p

x
, p

y
)-orbital hexagonal lattice model possesses two flat bands encompassing two linearly dispersive Dirac bands. Breaking the A/B sublattice symmetry could transform the model into two triangular lattices, each featuring a flat band and a dispersive band. Inclusion of the spin–orbit coupling and magnetization may give rise to quantum spin Hall and quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) states. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that half-hydrogenated stanene is encoded by a triangular lattice with (p

x
, p

y
) orbitals, which exhibits ferromagnetism and QAH effect with a topological gap of ∼0.15 eV, feasible for experimental observation. These results provide insights into the structure-property relationships involving the orbital degree of freedom, which may shed light on future design and preparation of 2D topological materials for novel electronic/spintronic and quantum computing devices.
Detailed magneto heat capacity analysis of SnAs topological superconductor
Authors: Sharma M M , Awana V P S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this article, we report magneto heat capacity analysis of superconducting SnAs. Magneto heat capacity analysis of superconductors is an important tool to determine bulk superconductivity as well as the pairing mechanism of Cooper pairs. SnAs crystal is characterized through x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magneto transport measurements of studied SnAs superconductor evidenced presence of superconductivity at around 4 K, which persists up to an applied field of 250 Oe. The bulk nature of superconductivity is determined through AC susceptibility (χ) along with the heat capacity measurements. Magneto heat capacity measurements show SnAs to be a fully gapped s wave superconductor. This finding is well supported by calculated physical parameters like α (3.36), λ
e–ph (0.70) and ΔC
el/γT
c (1.41). Calculation of residual Sommerfeld coefficient (γ
res) at different fields, confirms node-less superconductivity in SnAs.
Study on memory characteristics of fin-shaped feedback field effect transistor
Authors: Han Shinick , Kim Younghyun , Son Donghee , Baac Hyoung Won , Won Sang Min , Shin Changhwan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The nonvolatile and volatile memory characteristics of feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs) with nitride charge storage layers were theoretically studied. Because of the electrons and holes stored in the nitride layer, the threshold voltage (V
TH) window of 0.6 V was opened/observed. And, with the help of the formation of a positive feedback loop in the p+–n+–p–n+ doped silicon region in FBFET, it turned out that the read delay time of the FBFET for nonvolatile memory applications can be shorter than 1 ns. On the other hand, for the volatile memory applications, the FBFET can implement (a) non-destructive read operations owing to the self-sustaining feedback loop characteristic, and (b) a significantly long retention time which can suppress the power dissipation in refresh. Furthermore, the operation scheme of volatile memory mode can be simplified by setting gate voltage conditions for the hold and read operations to be identical to each other. The FBFET showed its on-state drive current of 6 × 10−5 A μm−1 and the on-/off-current ratio of 109. The potential of merging nonvolatile and volatile memory devices in a single cell is discussed and demonstrated in this work.
The influence of lightly doped p-GaN cap layer on p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Liu Kai , Wang Runhao , Wang Chong , Zheng Xuefeng , Ma Xiaohua , Bai Junchun , Cheng Bin , Liu Ruiyu , Li Ang , Zhao Yaopeng , Hao Yue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of a lightly doped p-GaN (p−-GaN) cap layer on p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) (LDP-HEMTs) was investigated. No difference in output or off-state breakdown characteristics was observed, but there was a negative shift in threshold voltage (V
TH). The gate leakage (V
GS = 7 V) dropped by three orders of magnitude, and the gate forward breakdown voltage and continuous operating voltage increased by 6.5 V and 2.5 V, respectively. It is worth noting that the gate characteristics are significantly optimized, which is ascribed to the employment of the p−-GaN cap layer. The simulations illustrate that the electric field is dispersed, and the electric peak is alleviated by the p−-GaN cap layer, thus suppressing the impact ionization and carrier injection in the high electric field. Furthermore, there is a negligible effect on the temperature reliability of V
TH based on the temperature-dependent characteristics in LDP-HEMTs. However, the temperature stability of the gate current (V
GS = 7 V) will worsen in LDP-HEMTs due to the difference in the conduction mechanism, compared with conventional p-GaN HEMTs.
Interesting and complex behaviour of Duffing equations within the frame of Caputo fractional operator
Authors: Ilhan Esin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The coupled system exemplifying the damped and driven oscillators (namely, Duffing equations) is examined with a familiar and robust numerical method. In the framework, we hired a reliable and most cited Caputo fractional operator to capture essential and stimulating behaviours of the hired physical model. The existence of the solution for the considered model is presented, and we captured the nature of the strange attractor for the Duffing equations with a period of the driving force. The effect of chaotic nature associated parameter is illustrated. The essence of generalizing the classical models is presented with plots, and associated consequences are demonstrated for the substantial time period.
A new attempt to identify long-term precursors for endogenous financial crises in the market correlation structures
Authors: Heckens Anton J , Guhr Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Prediction of events in financial markets is every investor’s dream and, usually, wishful thinking. From a more general, economic and societal viewpoint, the identification of indicators for large events is highly desirable to assess systemic risks. Unfortunately, the very nature of financial markets, particularly the predominantly non-Markovian character as well as non-stationarity, make this challenge a formidable one, leaving little hope for fully fledged answers. Nevertheless, it is called for to collect pieces of evidence in a variety of observables to be assembled like the pieces of a puzzle that eventually might help to catch a glimpse of long-term indicators or precursors for large events—if at all in a statistical sense. Here, we present a new piece for this puzzle. We use the quasi-stationary market states that exist in the time evolution of the correlation structure in financial markets. Recently, we identified such market states relative to the collective motion of the market as a whole. We study their precursor properties in the US stock markets over 16 years, including two endogenous crises, the dot-com bubble burst and the pre-phase of the Lehman Brothers crash. We identify certain interesting features and critically discuss their suitability as indicators.
Avpd: An Anti-virus Model with Remote Thread Injection for Android Based on ResNet50
Authors: Yang Yuer , Chen Zeguang , Chen Shaobo , Du Zhuoyun , Luo Yuxin , Zhao Liangtian , Zhou Lifeng , Quan Yujuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Most Android mobile anti-virus software in the industry is checked at the application level, and users familiar with the Android operating system are well aware that the use of virtual clicks, function execution, or shell commands can force the application to stop, which poses a threat to the real-time monitoring of anti-virus software. Moreover, the current mainstream anti-virus software in the industry can only let users manually uninstall or deactivate malicious apps when detected, which also makes the anti-virus software in Android mobile lose the ability of mobile anti-virus software to remove or delete viruses and Trojans automatically. To solve the problems above, in this paper, we train a mobile anti-virus model based on Resnet50 and proposes an Android mobile anti-virus method using remote thread injection - overriding the execution of malicious code by RTI means such as hook API, nulling related functions, rewriting related classes or functions to preserve the app as much as possible. In contrast, The model can identify malicious code with the highest accuracy. The model's recognition accuracy is up to 98.14%, and the malicious code blocking rate is up to 99.70% after recognition.
RETRACTED: Deep Learning-Based Clinical Image Segmentation Methods With Different Modalities
Authors: Jain Dhyanendra , Singh Prashant , Bharti P.K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper provides a evaluation of the furnished strategies for classifying picture of brain lump the Nuclear-MRI (MRI) and the computed tomography (CT) scanning. The separation of MRI picture of the mind and CT are extensively used as preoperative imaging, in-affected person studies and with inside the use of equipment, within side the area of scientific imaging processing. Separation of MRI and CT picture is a tough venture due to the similarities among the robust and tender institution of muscle anatomy with inside the mind photo. And many components of the identical area within side the image are separated via way of means of the separation of the photo and the direction. Selection of the ideal phase kind constructed at the photo element. This evaluation changed into carried out with the purpose of authorizing a mixture of kind separation of MRI and CT picture. These opinions are classified primarily based totally at the strategies taken into consideration for classification.
imaging of MRI & CT also known as X-ray. The separation of MRI picture of the mind and X-ray are extensively used as preoperative imaging, in-affected person studies and withinside the use of equipment, withinside the area of scientific imaging processing. Separation of MRI and CT picture is a tough venture due to the similarities among the robust and tender institution of muscle anatomy withinside the mind photo. And many components of the identical area withinside the image are separated via way of means of the separation of the photo and the direction. Selection of the ideal phase kind constructed at the photo element. This evaluation changed into carried out with the purpose of authorizing a mixture of kind separation of MRI and CT picture. These opinions are classified primarily based totally at the strategies taken into consideration for classification.
Investigation of Electric Field Profile and associated parameters with Embedded Metal Layer in Field Plate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Bordoloi Sushanta , Ray Ashok , Barman Pranjal , Trivedi Gaurav 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Electric field initiates various failure mechanism in an III-N based AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The material properties of the GaN-HEMTs under the influence of electric field activates physical mechanisms like converse piezoelectric effect (CPE), crack/defect migration, trapping, which deteriorate the electrical behaviour of the device leading to permanent failure. The drain side of the gate edge has the highest electric field and is the hub of all the reliability concerns in a GaN HEMT, which is mitigated with field plate (FP) technology. However, the FP edge is now subjected to these degradation phenomena. The present work aims at suppressing the strong electric fields at the FP gate edge using an embedded metal layer that shields the electric field from reaching the gate edge. Calibrated numerical simulations have been carried out on the proposed device structure to observe the viability in consideration. It is found that the electric field at the FP edge reduces by around 3%. Also, CPE and electron temperature reduce by 20%, and 14%, respectively. Since the proposed device structure can considerably mitigate the electric field, CPE, and electron temperature, it is expected that it will pave a path for improved and reliable devices in the future.
Combination of Auto-encoder architecture and super resolution for better segmentation of thinned and cursive handwritten documents
Authors: MP Ayyoob. , Ilyas.P Muhamed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In neural networks an auto-encoder architecture has several applications such as image denoising, feature reduction, data compression, image colorization, dimensanality reduction, segmentation and so on. Super-resolution is used to upgrade the low resolution images into high resolution. In order to get a better result on segmentation of thinned hand written images, this paper proposes a method of combination of associative auto-encoder architecture and super resolution for pixel expansion.
Experimental results show that the combination of proposed network and super resolution method accurately segments the thinned handwritten Arabic words.
Throughput Analysis of α-κ-µ Extreme/Gamma Composite Fading Channel
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Yadav Poonam , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider α-κ-µ-Extreme/gamma composite fading channel model, which is used to characterize non-linear severe fading and shadowing impairments in enclosed wireless propagation scenarios. For this model, we first obtain the probability density function (PDF) expression for the received signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). Using the derived PDF, throughput analysis is provided by deriving expressions for the average channel capacity(ACC) and effective capacity(EC) in closed-form. The derived expressions are evaluated for several values of fading and shadowing indexes to study their effect on the ACC and EC. Furthermore, asymptotic analysis of ACC and EC are carried out to show better approximation under the high and low SNR regimes.
Printed monopole antenna design with CPW fed for ultra wideband application
Authors: Singh Samom Jayananda , Kumar Rajesh , Dixit M M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A circular monopole antenna fed by co-planar waveguide(CPW) for ultra wideband application is described in this article. The usage of a co-planar ground plane help to increase bandwidth for a frequency range 5G frequency spectrum’s mid band. The proposed antenna is designed to operate from 4.8GHz to 14.10GHz. With this proposed antenna, a suitable omnidirectional radiation pattern can be created. Comparison of fractional bandwidth value for various gap between the ground plane and the patch for satisfying the criteria for UWB has been analysed here.
The Second Harmonic Effect of Fractional-order Azimuthally Varying Vector Optical Field
Authors: Zhao Xu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report for the first time the second-harmonic generation (SHG) of a fractional-order azimuthal varying vector optical field (FO-AVVOF). SHG process is achieved by a Type-II phase-matching BBO crystal. This nonlinear frequency conversion process reveals the topology multiplication rule and obtains the second harmonic optical field of the ultraviolet wavelength, which may have potential applications in ultraviolet micromachining and all-optical switching.
Influence of Excitation Signal Type and Period Selection on Detection Capability of TEM System
Authors: Yang Longcheng , Wang Huajun , Liu Jicheng , Kuang Yin , Wei Juan , Wang Xiaofei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The type and period of excitation signal are the important technical indexes of TEM system detection, which have an important influence on the detection accuracy and detection depth of the system. In this paper, by simulating the magnetic field distribution characteristics and magnetic focusing effects of transmitting coils with different excitation signals at the same depth, the differences of excitation signal types are analyzed and studied. Then, the echo effect diagram of receiving coils and the change curve of magnetic flux at the equivalent depth are simulated under different periods to determine the minimum period of excitation signal by comparative analysis. The simulation results show that the focusing and propagation depth of the magnetic field energy generated by the excitation signal are better when the rectangular pulse is selected and its period is determined to be 500 ms. Experimental tests under different thickness of steel plate show that the induced voltage on the receiving coil is different with different thickness. The thicker the ferromagnetic material is, the smaller the peak value of echo signal is. Moreover, in the case of no ferromagnetic material model, the induced voltage of the receiving coil is the maximum. This provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the corrosion of buried metal pipes by transient electromagnetic detection system.