bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and bacteriology of tonsillitis among patients attending otorhinolaryngology Department at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam- Tanzania
Authors: Abraham Zephania Saitabau , Bazilio Jane , Kahinga Aveline Aloyce , Manyahi Joel , Ntunaguzi Daudi , Massawe Enica Richard 
Published: November 2022

Background: Tonsillitis is a common infectious disease contributing to significant social-economic impact worldwide. Like other infectious diseases, the determination of the pathogenic agents is important in antibiotic selection for the medical treatment of tonsillitis. Data on bacteriology of tonsillitis in Tanzania is scarce. The aim of this study was thus to determine the prevalence and bacteriology of tonsillitis in one of the largest tertiary hospital in Tanzania.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 485 patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, from June to December 2016. Data was collected using specially designed questionnaires. Laboratory isolation of bacterial pathogens implicated in tonsillitis followed by consequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing was doneat the Country's largest laboratory. Gathered data was then analyzed using the SPSS program version 20.
Results: A total of 485 patients were recruited in the study, where majority were females (55.7%) and the mean age was found to be 27.7 years. Out of 485 patients 100(20.6%) had tonsillitis. Male preponderance was found (51%). The most affected age group was 1-10years (42.6%). Nearly 25% of patients had family history of tonsillitis with siblings being commonly affected. The isolated bacteria were Coagulase negative staphylococcus 41.7%, S. pyogenes 40%, Bacillus species 8.3%,K.pneumoniae 5.8%, E.Coli 2.5% and P.aeruginosa 1.7%. S.pyogeneswassusceptible to Ceftriaxone 95.7%; Azithromycin 93.6%; Doxycline 91.5%; Clindamycin 87.2%; Ampicillin 80.9%; Erythromycin 74.5%; Amoxiclav 59.6% and resistant to penicillin G(38.3%).
Conclusion: Tonsillitis was found to be prevalent in our setting with young individuals being most commonly affected. Male preponderance was found in this study and family history of tonsillitis was depicted in nearly 25% of patients. Majority had recurrent tonsillitis and S. pyogenes was found to be the commonest isolated pathogenic bacterium and was susceptible to most of the drugs available in our setting though it was found to be resistant to penicillin G.
Aetiology of Encephalitis and Meningitis in Children Aged 1-59 Months Admitted to the Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Imamba A , Kalima P , Kwenda G , Chipeta J , Nakazwe Ruth , Templeton K , Mpabalwani E. M 
Published: November 2022

Background: Meningitis and encephalitis are important causes of admissions and mortality in Zambia. Apart from bacterial causes, no data is available on viral agents that cause disease at the Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. We conducted a prospective descriptive study to determine the viral and bacterial causes of encephalitis andmeningitis in children aged 1-59 months.
Methods: From November 2016 to February 2018, we collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and clinical details from children admitted to the inpatient wards with encephalitis and meningitis. Macroscopic examination, microscopy, bacterial culture and real-time (Multiplex) PCR were performed on the CSF samples.
Results: A total of 106 patients were enrolled. The median age was 10 months and 81 (76.4%) had meningitis while 25 (23.6%) had encephalitis. One (0.9%) participant had Haemophilus influenzae detected by both culture and PCR. Two (1.9%) had Neisseria meningitidis while 5 (4.7%) had Streptococcus pneumoniae detected only by PCR. Viruses were detected in 26.4% (28/106) and 64% had meningitis. The viral agents detected were: EBV (10%); Parvovirus B19, Human herpes virus type 6, Human herpes virus type 7 and CMV at 2.8% each. A raised CSF WBC was associated with the case definition (P=0.01) of meningitis. Patients with meningitis were more likely to be alive at discharge than those with encephalitis (OR = 3.6, CI = 1.96 – 6.68, P-value <0.001).
Conclusions: Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are the commonest causes of both encephalitis and meningitis at the Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
The impacts of neo-liberalism on public health: A case study of skin bleaching among women living in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kachambwa Princess Nyoni , Naravage Wanapa , James Nigel F , Putten Marc Van der 
Published: November 2022

Main Objective: To find out the impacts of free markets on public health using skin bleaching among the women living in Zimbabwe as a case study.
Materials and methods: The study was designed as a case study which used a combined methodology facilitated by a cross sectional online survey among 270 women living in Zimbabwe and key informant interviews among 10 cosmetic sellers in Zimbabwe.
Results: All the key informants reported to be selling skin lightening cosmetics amongst their cosmetics, some of these cosmetics reported being illegal. All skin lightening products were reported to be hoarded outside Zimbabwe. Corruption and relaxed policies on cosmetic regulation were suggested to be enabling entry of some of the illegal and potentially harmful products in the country. The prevalence of skin bleaching among the participants was 31.15% and most of the participants (61.40%) were ignorant about skin bleaching cosmetics' side effects.
Conclusion: Results from the study imply neoliberalism could be promoting a high influx of harmful skin bleaching cosmetics in the Zimbabwean market putting a considerably high number of women who bleach their skin at risk andtherefore having a negative impact on public health. Targeted health education i.e. on skin bleaching, regulatory public health policies and their enforcement can play an important role in controlling access and subsequently curbing thedetrimental effects of skin bleaching products and improve the health of the public.
Sosialisasi Menabung Sejak Dini dengan Membuat Celengan dari Paper Tube
Authors: Yuniara Ridha 
Published: November 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ditujukan kepada anak-agar memahami tentang pentingnya menabung. Kegiatan dilakukan pada anak-anak yang berdomisili di Kampung Bujang, Kecamatan Lut Tawar, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Peserta berjumlah 28 orang, mulai dari jenjang SD, SMP, sampai dengan SMA. Secara keseluruhan, kegiatan ini menggunakan metode ceramah, tanya jawab, dan demonstrasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan, (1) Kegiatan sosialisasi menabung sejak dini telah menambah pemahaman dan wawasan anak-anak terhadap pentingnya gerakan menabung sejak dini; (2) Pelatihan membuat celengan dari Paper Tube memberikan wawasan baru anak-anak dan menumbuhkan kreativitas serta cara pemanfaatan barang bekas menjadi barang bermafaat dengan membuat celengan sendiri dari paper tube; (3) Kegiatan sosialisasi menabung sejak dini dan membuat celengan dari Paper Tube memotivasi anak-anak untuk mau menabung sejak dini.
CHARACTER ESTABLISHMENT OF CHILDREN THROUGH LIVING HISTORY LEARNING
Authors: Muh. Haris Zubaidillah  , Husin  , Rizka Maulida  , Abdul Rashid bin Abdul Aziz  
Published: November 2022

The character of a child formed since he was small, whether consciously or not, will influence the way the individual perceives himself and his environment which will be reflected in his daily behavior. What is prioritized in character education is the strengthening of religious values, as a means to form a generation that has character, has noble character and loves the sunnah of the Prophet. One of them is in this study, which aims to shape children's character through living hadith learning in the form of a module which contains several components, namely: definitions, to clarify children's understanding of the title being studied, motivational sentences as children's learning motivation, adab-adab, namely a series of daily sunnah practices that students can carry out and get used to, prayer, namely prayers taken from hadiths related to the material being studied, and memorized hadiths, namely short hadiths that students can memorize. This research was conducted at SDN Muara Baruh, North Amuntai District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive field research method. The results of this study indicate that learning living hadith is very helpful in forming children's attitudes and behavior in everyday life, such as the etiquette of wearing shoes and sandals.
Kjønn og akademia
Authors: Mangset Marte , Orupabo Julia , Reisel Liza , Teigen Mari , Bråten Beret , Lund Rebecca , Aasland Dag Gjerløw , Henningsen Inge , Liestøl Knut , Aksnes Dag W. , Piro Fredrik N. , Nygaard Lynn P. , Brandser Gry , Gjernes Trude , Lunde Bente , Dankertsen Astri , Moratti Sofia , Suboticki Ivana , Sørensen Siri Øyslebø , Haaland Hanne , Magnussen May-Linda , Wallevik Hege , Snickare Lotta , Egeland Cathrine , Vabø Agnete , Swoboda Jessica 
Published: November 2022

Flertallet av studentene ved landets høyere utdanningsinstitusjoner er kvinner, og det er like mange kvinner som menn som tar doktorgrad. Likevel er over to tredeler av professorene ved landets universiteter og høyskoler menn. Hvordan kan vi forstå denne vedvarende kjønnsubalansen? Hva er det med akademia som gjør at kvinner faller fra på veien opp mot professornivå?
Denne boken springer ut av Forskningsrådets BALANSE-program, et initiativ for å bedre kjønnsbalansen i norsk universitets-, høyskole- og instituttsektor. Forfatterne har samlet kunnskap og erfaringer fra prosjektene, og presenterer nye analyser og perspektiver knyttet til kjønn og akademia. Boken løfter frem kjønnsbalanseproblematikken og setter den inn i ulike kontekster. Tekstene inneholder både skråblikk, dilemmaer og nye perspektiver som vil være verdifulle for forskere, studenter og andre som engasjerer seg i spørsmål om kjønn og utdanning.
Potensi Pengembangan Usaha Sapi Bali di Kecamatan Mowila Kabupaten Konawe Selatan
Authors: Hijrawati Hijrawati , Saili Takdir , Abadi Musram 
Published: November 2022

Penelitain ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi pengembangan usaha sapi Bali di Kecamatan Mowila Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Responden adalah peternak sapi Bali yang memiliki ternak 2 ekor atau lebih. Sampel yang dipilih dari populasi dengan cara acak (simple random method), dari 10 desa/kelurahan yang ditentukan maka dipilih responden dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan jumlah rumah tangga peternak (RTP) 1.009 dan diperoleh hasil 91 orang yang kemudian disesuaikan oleh peneliti menjadi 100 orang. Hasil penelitian dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa Kecamatan Mowila Kabupaten Konawe Selatan sangat berpotensi untuk dilakukan pegembangan usaha sapi Bali yang didukung oleh keberadaan dan kelengkapan aspek fisik (perkandangan, poskeswan, pos IB, RPH, sumber air, transportasi dan telekomunikasi) dan aspek non fisik yang meliputi sistem pemeliharaan dan pola pemeliharaan, penaganan dan pengendalian penyakit, sumber pakan, sistem perkawinan, pengolahan hasil ikutan ternak, karakteristik peternak, dokterhewan, petugas lapangan/penyuluh, tenaga inseminator dan aspek kelembagaan.
Kualitas Telur Ayam Ras Petelur (Isa Brown) yang Diberi Jus Daun Sirih (Piper bettle L)
Authors: Faya Nur , Zulkarnain Deki , Badaruddin Rusli 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis produksi telur ayam ras petelur isa brown yang diberi jus daun sirih melalui air minum. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Jalan Haji Lamuse Lorong Semeru Kelurahan Lepolepo Kecamatan Baruga Kota Kendari. Materi penelitian yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah 20 ekor ayam ras petelur isa brown umur 18 minggu. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan penerapan pemberian air minum yang mengandung 0 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 15ml jus daun sirih terhadap ayam ras petelur. Parameter yang diamati konsumsi pakan, produksi telur, bobot telur dan konversi pakan. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan jumlah perlakuan sebanyak 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa produksi telur ayam ras petelur Isa Brown dengan pemberian jus daun sirih berpengaruh nyata terhadap konversi pakan (P<0,05) akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, produksi telur, bobot telur.
Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Analysis
Authors: ÖZKAVRUK ELİYATKIN Nuket , YÜKSELEN Özen Özden , KARAOĞLU BAYTEKİN Seda , BAŞBINAR Yasemin , KANDEMİR Altay 
Published: November 2022

Aim: Inflammatory fibroid polyp is one of the most rarely seen tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. It is clinically confusing as it can cause many different findings. On the other hand, it may histopathologically mimic a malignant lesion. Our knowledge about the presence of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) mutation in inflammatory fibroid polyps are increasing. Cases: Herein, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of three different tumors, two localized in the small intestine and one in the stomach, were interpreted as compatible with inflammatory fibroid polyp. PDGFR mutation analysis was performed in both cases and the presence of mutation was detected. Conclusion: The pathogenesis and histogenesis of inflammatory fibroid polyps are uncertain. We obtained results supporting the presence of PFGR mutations in IFPs mimicking both benign and malignant tumors.
دور المشروعات الصغيرة في تمكين المرأة اليمنية المتضررة اقتصادياً من الحرب
Authors: هناء عبدالكريم فضل عبدالله  
Published: November 2022

تعدُّ المرأة اليمنية أكثر شرائح المجتمع تضرراً منذ بداية الصراع والحرب، إذ أدَّت هذه الظروف إلى فرض واقع صعب للغاية عليها، فأصبحت تواجه تحديات كبيرة، فإلى جانب أدوارها التقليدية التي تؤديها أصبحت تتحمل مشاقاً تفوق قدرتها في سبيل الحفاظ على تماسك المجتمع اقتصادياً واجتماعياً، وتمثِّل النساء والأطفال الفئة الأكثر ضعفاً في السكان.
ولا شكَّ أن للنساء دوراً أساسياً في إعالة أسرهنَّ، لا سيَّما في ظل هذه الظروف الصعبة، وتبين الورقة الأثر الإيجابي الذي يترتب على تمكين النساء اقتصادياً سواء في تحسين الوضع الاقتصادي والإنساني أم في دعم عملية بناء السلام وتماسك المجتمعات.
وقد لعب برنامج التمويل الأصغر ودعمه للمشاريع الصغيرة دوراً مهماً في الحد من البطالة، وتوفير سبل العيش لشريحة واسعة من الفئات الأشد حرماناً في المجتمع اليمني، وتحسين مستوى معيشة المرأة اليمنية فضلاً عن التمكين الاقتصادي لها.
PEMBERIAN TEPUNG BIJI KARET DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP BOBOT KARKAS, PERSENTASE GIBLET, PERSENTASE LEMAK ABDOMEN BURUNG PUYUH (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
Authors: Herlina Betty , Novita Ririn 
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bobot karkas, lemak abdomen, giblet burung puyuh (Coturnix-coturnix Japonica) yang diberi tambahan Tepung Biji karet dalam ransum. . Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Simpang Periuk, Kecamatan Lubuklinggau Selatan II dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang disusun secara non factorial terdiri dari enam perlakuan dengan empat ulangan. Masing-masing unit percobaan 4 ekor burung puyuh sehingga jumlah total DOQ yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 96 ekor. Adapun factor perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah sebagai berikut : PO : 100% Ransum Komersial (control), P1: 94% Ransum Komersil +6% Tepung Biji Karet, P2:91% Ransum Komersil+9% Tepung Biji Karet, P3 : 88% Ransum Komersil +12 Tepung Biji Karet, P4: 85% Ransum Komersil+15% Tepung Biji Karet, P5: 82% ransum Komersil+18% Tepug Biji Karet. Parameter yang diamati adalah. Bobot akhir, Bobot Karkas, Persentase Giblet dan Persentase Lemak Abdomen . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tepung biji karet (Hevea brasiliensis) dengan level 6% dalam ransum burung puyuh memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap bobot akhir, bobot karkas dan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap persentase giblet, persentase lemak abdomen burung puyuh.
IDENTIFIKASI SIFAT KARAKTERISTIK TERNAK KERBAU (Bubalus bubalis) YANG DIPELIHARA DI KECAMATAN TALANG EMPAT
Authors: Bagus Dimas Setiawan  
Published: November 2022

Kerbau (Bubalus bubalis) adalah ternak asli daerah panas dan lembab, Khususnya di daerah belahan Utara Tropika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik ternak kerbau yang dipelihara warga setempat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2021 di Kecamatan Talang Empat, Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Analisis data yang diperoleh ditabulasi dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel serta gambar kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Variable yang diamanati adalah sifat karakteristik ternak kerbau. kerbau dimiliki warga setempat adalah jenis kerbau rawa yang karakteristiknya meliputi warna kulit dominan abu-abu kehitaman, ukuran bobot badan kerbau jantan dewasa rata-rata 435 kg dan kerbau betina dewasa rata-rata 367 kg, panjang badan kerbau jantan dewasa rata-rata 129 cm dan kerbau betina dewasa rata-rata 123 cm, lingkar dada kerbau jantan dewasa rata-rat 192 cm dan kerbau betina dewasa rata-rata 179 cm, serta bentuk tanduk yang dominan dimiliki kerbau jantan dan betina dewasa kebanyakan melengkung ke atas.
Kata Kunci : Kerbau, Karakteristik, Talang Empat
There Are No Facts
Authors: Shepard Mark 
Published: November 2022

The entanglements of people and data, code and space, knowledge and power: how data and algorithms shape the world—and shape us within that world.
With the emergence of a post-truth world, we have witnessed the dissolution of the common ground on which truth claims were negotiated, individual agency enacted, and public spheres shaped. What happens when, as Nietzsche claimed, there are no facts, but only interpretations? In this book, Mark Shepard examines the entanglements of people and data, code and space, knowledge and power that have produced an uncommon ground—a disaggregated public sphere where the extraction of behavioral data and their subsequent processing and sale have led to the emergence of micropublics of ever-finer granularity.
Shepard explores how these new post-truth territories are propagated through machine learning systems and social networks, which shape the public and private spaces of everyday life. He traces the balkanization and proliferation of online news and the targeted distribution of carefully crafted information through social media. He examines post-truth practices, showing how truth claims are embedded in techniques by which the world is observed, recorded, documented, and measured. Finally, he shows how these practices play out, at scales from the translocality of the home to the planetary reach of the COVID-19 pandemic—with stops along the way at an urban minimarket, an upscale neighborhood for the one percent, a Toronto waterfront district, and a national election.
Ecological by Design
Authors: Fallan Kjetil 
Published: November 2022

How ecological design emerged in Scandinavia during the 1960s and 1970s, building on both Scandinavia's design culture and its environmental movement.
Scandinavia is famous for its design culture, and for its pioneering efforts toward a sustainable future. In Ecological by Design, Kjetil Fallan shows how these two forces came together in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when Scandinavian designers began to question the endless cycle in which designed objects are produced, consumed, discarded, and replaced in quick succession. The emergence of ecological design in Scandinavia at the height of the popular environmental movement, Fallan suggests, illuminates a little-known reciprocity between environmentalism and design: not only did design play a role in the rise of modern environmentalism, but ecological thinking influenced the transformation in design culture in Scandinavia and beyond that began as the modernist faith in progress and prosperity waned.
Fallan describes the efforts of Scandinavian designers to forge an environmental ethics in a commercial design culture sustained by consumption; shows, by recounting a quest for sustainability through Norwegian wood(s), that one of the main characteristics of ecological design is attention to both the local and the global; and explores the emergence of a respectful and sustainable paradigm for international development. Case studies trace key connections to continental Europe, Britain, the US, Central America, and East Africa.
Today, ideas of sustainability permeate design discourse, but the historical emergence of ecological design remains largely undiscussed. With this trailblazing book, Fallan fills that gap.
Customizable landmark‐based field aperture design for automated whole‐brain radiotherapy treatment planning
Authors: Xiao Yao , Cardenas Carlos , Rhee Dong Joo , Netherton Tucker , Zhang Lifei , Nguyen Callistus , Douglas Raphael , Mumme Raymond , Skett Stephen , Patel Tina , Trauernicht Chris , Chung Caroline , Simonds Hannah , Aggarwal Ajay , Court Laurence 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo develop and evaluate an automated whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) treatment planning pipeline with a deep learning–based auto‐contouring and customizable landmark‐based field aperture design.MethodsThe pipeline consisted of the following steps: (1) Auto‐contour normal structures on computed tomography scans and digitally reconstructed radiographs using deep learning techniques, (2) locate the landmark structures using the beam's‐eye‐view, (3) generate field apertures based on eight different landmark rules addressing different clinical purposes and physician preferences. Two parallel approaches for generating field apertures were developed for quality control. The performance of the generated field shapes and dose distributions were compared with the original clinical plans. The clinical acceptability of the plans was assessed by five radiation oncologists from four hospitals.ResultsThe performance of the generated field apertures was evaluated by the Hausdorff distance (HD) and mean surface distance (MSD) from 182 patients’ field apertures used in the clinic. The average HD and MSD for the generated field apertures were 16 ± 7 and 7 ± 3 mm for the first approach, respectively, and 17 ± 7 and 7 ± 3 mm, respectively, for the second approach. The differences regarding HD and MSD between the first and the second approaches were 1 ± 2 and 1 ± 3 mm, respectively. A clinical review of the field aperture design, conducted using 30 patients, achieved a 100% acceptance rate for both the first and second approaches, and the plan review achieved a 100% acceptance rate for the first approach and a 93% acceptance rate for the second approach. The average acceptance rate for meeting lens dosimetric recommendations was 80% (left lens) and 77% (right lens) for the first approach, and 70% (both left and right lenses) for the second approach, compared with 50% (left lens) and 53% (right lens) for the clinical plans.ConclusionThis study provided an automated pipeline with two field aperture generation approaches to automatically generate WBRT treatment plans. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrated that our novel pipeline was comparable with the original clinical plans.