bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a potential Paradigm Shift. The Role of Vision Zero in Global Road Safety Policy Making
Authors: Kristianssen Ann-Catrin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVision Zero is a term mainly connected to road traffic safety and has its roots in the Swedish road safety policy, although similar concepts are used in other countries. It was adopted by the Swedish Parliament in 1997, and due to the success of lowering the number of deaths in traffic crashes significantly, it has become an inspiration to road safety strategies in countries and cities all over the world. An important factor as to why Vision Zero diffuses is the incorporation of the vision in reports and strategies from international intergovernmental organizations and through the work of nongovernmental organizations. The development of finding a common global strategy for road safety has been an ongoing process for many years, and the purpose of this chapter is to map the role of Vision Zero in this global development process. This is performed by studying the integration of Vision Zero in the road safety work and strategies of key international intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations. The chapter also contains an account of possible opportunities and advantages of working with Vision Zero as a tool on the global level as well as the criticism towards the approach. This chapter discusses the content of what is being diffused, why it is diffused, who is diffusing, and how it is diffusing. The material consists of key global policy documents and 29 semi-structured interviews with senior experts working with road safety on a global level. The main conclusions are that Vision Zero is a well-established global road safety policy program and a road safety philosophy integrated into both the work and texts of the major intergovernmental organizations working with road safety. There is a widespread opinion that Vision Zero and other safe system approaches constitute a paradigm shift in global road safety work. It is regarded as an innovative and inspiring policy based primarily on its ethical approach. It is also regarded as a coherent policy program and rests firmly upon years of progress and experience. Even though many of the respondents are positive towards the ethical base and the systematic approach, there are still those who argue that Vision Zero cannot be used as a policy tool, at least not in low- and middle-income countries. It is obvious that Vision Zero is not interpreted and reproduced in the same way in all contexts, but the question is if that is part of a natural transformation process leading to new interpretations or if it is a problem for the Vision Zero trademark.
Rural Road Design According to the Safe System Approach
Authors: Stigson Helena , Kullgren Anders , Andersson Lars-Erik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter covers design of rural roads according to the model for safe traffic used in the Vision Zero approach. Based on expected levels of the safety of vehicles and road users, the roads and the road side furniture should be designed to avoid fatalities and serious injuries. An introduction is presented covering the safe system approach and how speed limits of roads should be set to reflect the safety standard of the road in relation human injury tolerance and the capacity to protect the road users. One section will cover countermeasures to protect vulnerable road users, including speed calming road infrastructure, bicycle and pedestrian paths, bus stops. Another section will cover road infrastructure countermeasures addressing vehicle occupants. It is shown how change of velocity, vehicle mean acceleration, and crash duration are correlated and how they influence occupant injury risk. Design of different types of roads on rural roads is described, such as the two-plus-one lane road design with median barrier, and various ways of separating traffic or preventing run-off road crashes including road barrier design and rumble strips. Safe intersection design is an important part on rural roads that is explained. The last part covers design of the roadside area from a safe system approach.
Vision Zero In Suicide Prevention And Suicide Preventive Methods
Authors: Wasserman D. , Tadić I. , Bec C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), suicide is a global public health issue, and countries need to be working toward a comprehensive and holistic response to prevent suicide and suicidal behaviors. Vision Zero for suicide is an aspiring goal that aims to lower suicide occurrence through a combined action of public health and healthcare sectors. Vision Zero for suicide has a multilevel and multidisciplinary approach that intends to provide a systemic change in society to facilitate and put suicide prevention on the agenda. This chapter explores the origins of Vision Zero for suicide by first presenting theoretical models that influenced suicidal behavior preventive programs. Then, Vision Zero for suicide goals, advantages, challenges, and examples of implementation in some countries will be presented. Further, evidence-based suicide prevention programs in existing public health and healthcare settings will be described as they support the Vision Zero aims. Vision Zero is an ambitious goal, but one that is worth aspiring to achieve, as the potential outcomes for suicide prevention implementation and research are very worthwhile.
Can Municipalities Lead the Energy Transition? On Available Policy, Competences and Requirements for Action
Authors: Faye Cheikh , Macharia P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe implementation of innovative, bottom-up and tailor-made sustainable energy solutions in local communities is a fundamental game-changer in countries’ energy transition agendas. Challenges related to energy governance and the action to mitigate global warming require these communities to play a leading role through increased involvement in local energy initiatives. Municipalities can play this role at different levels, as a bridge between the private sector, the development agencies and the local communities, throughout the sector value chain from energy production to end-use consumption, using locally available renewable energy resources. The study was carried out in the city of Dakar, Senegal, where data on energy behaviour were collected through a survey. The main conclusion drawn from the study is municipalities can lead the transition to energy sustainability with the support of resident communities. However, this requires a policy framework that defines the municipalities’ scope of action, which is currently missing.
Energy Potential of Crop Residues in Senegal: Technology Solutions for Valorization
Authors: Mbodji C. A. , Fall A. , Diouf D. , Seck A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferent crops are harvested in Senegal at different periods throughout the year. Therefore, crop residues are constantly available, and there is potential for recycling these residues to produce energy. However, most of these crop residues are often burned or leftover in fields. This chapter assesses the energy potential of five crop residues available in Senegal, in terms of raw material quantities and calorific values, in order to propose adequate valorization schemes. The methodology of the study is based on a review of scientific literature in the field, the processing of data collected from the national specialized agencies, and laboratory tests of pellets manufactured from these residues. The experiments also propose techniques of hybridization in pelleting. The results show the feasibility of combining crop residues to produce pellets, with improved energy characteristics. They also demonstrate that pellets from crop residues can substitute part of industries’ heat demand with the combustion technology and part of rural communities’ electricity demand with the gasification technology.
Hidden Costs of Decarbonizing Utility Generation: Investment on Grid Stability and Contribution of Renewable Energies
Authors: Mbodji C. A. , Diouf D. , Ndour L. , Fall A. L. , Maiga A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow much the energy transition will cost is yet to be determined. In the electricity sector, studies continue to show trends of decreasing costs for various renewable energy technologies such as solar photovoltaic and wind. Recurring recommendations are made from international organizations to phase-out energy subsidies on conventional fuels in order to make competitive electricity generation with renewable energy. In this chapter, the authors demonstrate how electricity generation with renewable resources can contribute to the decarbonization of utility generation. Considering the examples of Ghana and Senegal. They propose a new approach with five pillars to decarbonize electricity supply from the grid in the West Africa region.
Modelling Sustainable Energy Transition for Cities: Case Studies of LEAP, ENPEP-BALANCE, and MoCES
Authors: Fall A. , Mbodji C. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe city of Dakar, in Senegal, is endowed with solar photovoltaic, waste-to-energy, and wind energy resources that could support the transition to energy sustainability in the production of electricity for the interconnected grid. Ordinarily, energy planners use modelling software to simulate the integration of this potential into the electricity generation network. In 2018, Ringkjøb et al. identified 75 energy modelling software. The study simulates the integration of the city renewable energy potential in the electricity generation network, using three energy planning software. The main finding is the approach, which is embedded in the software programming interface, affects the model results in terms of competitiveness of renewable energy technologies when compared to existing energy technologies.
Introduction
Authors: Weller Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chapter provides insight into the focus of the book, which is on the person, teaching, and practice of Fethullah Gülen, rather than on Hizmet, which his teaching and practice has inspired, and which is addressed more fully in the complementary volume by the same author and also published by Palgrave Macmillan, on Hizmet in Transitions: European Developments of a Turkish Muslim-Inspired Movement. The chapter discusses the book’s disciplinary and methodological approach which is situated within Religious Studies and takes seriously Gülen’s deep rooting in the Qu’ran and Sunnah. Given the controversies that exist around the person and work of Fethullah Gülen, it situates this book within the context of the wider literature that discusses his person and work, including other publications by the author. Finally, it explains the book’s approach to its use of evidence and discusses the issue of positionality in relation to work of this kind.
Person, Places, and Development
Authors: Weller Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, Weller sets out Fethullah Gülen’s early historical and contextual environments, an understanding of which he argues is necessary for understanding the book’s overall argument. While not a biography of Gülen, Weller advocates the importance of interactivity between his context and his person and teaching for understanding the changes and developments in his teaching and practice. This chapter focuses particularly on four Turkish contexts—Erzurum, Edirne, Izmir, and Istanbul—each of which corresponds with particular phases in Gülen’s and Hizmet’s development: from traditional formation in Erzurum; through secular and plural encounter in Edirne; to new creativity and differentiation from other Islamic movements in Izmir; and via withdrawal while being treated as an “enemy of the state,” followed by cosmopolitan engagement in Istanbul.
Biography, Context, and Substance in Interplay
Authors: Weller Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chapter begins by identifying the specificity of the Turkish context in terms of particular balances of historical and contemporary forces in relation to which Gülen and Hizmet have had to position themselves. It shows how out of this, Gülen emerged as a distinctive scholar, teacher, and innovator, becoming differentiated from the inheritance of Said Nursi, while also drawing upon it. It discusses Gülen’s particular understanding of interplay between Islamic sources; his conscious engagement of those sources with historical and contemporary places and times; and his understanding of revelation in dynamic terms. Out of this interplay, Weller provides a range of examples of Gülen’s role as taboo-breaker in teaching and action with regard to the kind of secular-political taboos; national-cultural identity taboos; and religious boundary taboos that have otherwise had a strong and constraining hold on Turkish society.
Islamic Spirituality and Social Processing
Authors: Weller Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWeller starts by discussing the evident historical and sociological insecurity of many contemporary Muslims. He also identifies a sense of theological insecurity, some of the roots of which he locates in an “Heroic” tradition of Islam that has shaped a combative and reactive hermeneutic. By contrast with such stories, Fethullah Gülen’s hermeneutics are centrally rooted in the narratives of Muhammad and his first Companions. Weller furthermore explains how the spirituality promoted by Gülen centres around the Sufi emphases on love and the idea of the ‘true human.’ These are then explored in engagement with Gülen’s expansive approach to human (including religious) freedom; his stance against claimed theocracies and in support of democracy; and finally, the challenge that his hermeneutics brings to the conflation of Islam and terror in the mind of the general public as well the legitimacy of an association between the two in the worldview of some Muslims.
Learning from Loss?
Authors: Weller Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter underlines the profoundly traumatic impact of the events of July 2016 in Turkey and their aftermath for Gülen and for Hizmet. It gives insight into Gülen’s current situation as being one that Weller describes as that of a “wounded exile,” who nevertheless has retained an eternal perspective in relation to the current Turkish powers-that-be. It explores the ways in which both Gülen and Hizmet are trying to deal with this trauma, including the interpretations of it with which people are working, including a reinterpretation of the important Islamic trope of hijrah. This reinterpretation is brought together with a critical discussion of the phenomenon of what can be seen as an approach to understanding difficult historical events through the lens of post-fact religious causality. Finally, Weller discuss the degree of self-criticism, together with its limits and the resistance found to such self-criticism in some parts of Hizmet.
The mechanism of activation of MEK1 by B-Raf and KSR1
Authors: Maloney Ryan C. , Zhang Mingzhen , Liu Yonglan , Jang Hyunbum , Nussinov Ruth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMEK1 interactions with B-Raf and KSR1 are key steps in Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Despite this, vital mechanistic details of how these execute signal transduction are still enigmatic. Among these is why, despite B-Raf and KSR1 kinase domains similarity, the B-Raf/MEK1 and KSR1/MEK1 complexes have distinct contributions to MEK1 activation, and broadly, what is KSR1’s role. Our molecular dynamics simulations clarify these still unresolved ambiguities. Our results reveal that the proline-rich (P-rich) loop of MEK1 plays a decisive role in MEK1 activation loop (A-loop) phosphorylation. In the inactive B-Raf/MEK1 heterodimer, the collapsed A-loop of B-Raf interacts with the P-rich loop and A-loop of MEK1, minimizing MEK1 A-loop fluctuation and preventing it from phosphorylation. In the active B-Raf/MEK1 heterodimer, the P-rich loop moves in concert with the A-loop of B-Raf as it extends. This reduces the number of residues interacting with MEK1 A-loop, allowing increased A-loop fluctuation, and bringing Ser222 closer to ATP for phosphorylation. B-Raf αG-helix Arg662 promotes MEK1 activation by orienting Ser218 towards ATP. In KSR1/MEK1, the KSR1 αG-helix has Ala826 in place of B-Raf Arg662. This difference results in much fewer interactions between KSR1 αG-helix and MEK1 A-loop, thus a more flexible A-loop. We postulate that if KSR1 were to adopt an active configuration with an extended A-loop as seen in other protein kinases, then the MEK1 P-rich loop would extend in a similar manner, as seen in the active B-Raf/MEK1 heterodimer. This would result in highly flexible MEK1 A-loop, and KSR1 functioning as an active, B-Raf-like, kinase.
New insights into the molecular mechanisms of ROR1, ROR2, and PTK7 signaling from the proteomics and pharmacological modulation of ROR1 interactome
Authors: Raivola Juuli , Dini Alice , Salokas Kari , Karvonen Hanna , Niininen Wilhelmiina , Piki Emilia , Varjosalo Markku , Ungureanu Daniela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractROR1, ROR2, and PTK7 are Wnt ligand-binding members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. Despite their lack of catalytic activity, these receptors regulate skeletal, cardiorespiratory, and neurological development during embryonic and fetal stages. However, their overexpression in adult tissue is strongly connected to tumor development and metastasis, suggesting a strong pharmacological potential for these molecules. Wnt5a ligand can activate these receptors, but lead to divergent signaling and functional outcomes through mechanisms that remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a cellular model by stably expressing ROR1, ROR2, and PTK7 in BaF3 cells that allowed us to readily investigate side-by-side their signaling capability and functional outcome. We applied proteomic profiling to BaF3 clones and identified distinctive roles for ROR1, ROR2, and PTK7 pseudokinases in modulating the expression of proteins involved in cytoskeleton dynamics, apoptotic, and metabolic signaling. Functionally, we show that ROR1 expression enhances cell survival and Wnt-mediated cell proliferation, while ROR2 and PTK7 expression is linked to cell migration. We also demonstrate that the distal C-terminal regions of ROR1 and ROR2 are required for receptors stability and downstream signaling. To probe the pharmacological modulation of ROR1 oncogenic signaling, we used affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (AP-MS) and proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to map its interactome before and after binding of GZD824, a small molecule inhibitor previously shown to bind to the ROR1 pseudokinase domain. Our findings bring new insight into the molecular mechanisms of ROR1, ROR2, and PTK7, and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting ROR1 with small molecule inhibitors binding to its vestigial ATP-binding site.
Assessing the inhibitory activity of culture supernatants against foodborne pathogens of two psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from river trout
Authors: Condò Carla , Gómez Irene , Farfán Maribel , Rius Núria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is a need for new natural products with antimicrobial activity to treat multidrug resistant bacteria that can cause human illness. Some of them are foodborne pathogens. Two different Gram-negative psychrotrophic strains were isolated from healthy trout river samples (Salmotrutta). Based on phenotypic characterization, proteomics, genotyping and phylogenetic analyses of 16 rRNA gene, strains TCPS12 and TCPS13 were identified as Shewanellabaltica and Pseudomonasfragi, respectively. Both of them produced an exopolysaccharide that showed antimicrobial activity against four foodborne pathogens. P. fragi supernatant (AS13) showed higher antimicrobial activity than S. baltica supernatant (AS12) against all tested pathogens. The stability of the antimicrobial activity of AS13 was assessed against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 under different conditions. This solution was stable when exposed for 30 min to temperatures ranging from 40 to 100 °C. In addition, it retained its activity within a pH range of 2–8 during 2 h of incubation, showing higher activity at pH 6. Serine proteases and α-amylase inactivated significantly the antimicrobial activity of AS13, suggesting that the active molecule could most likely be a glycoprotein. These products are interesting for their possible application as biopreservatives in the food industry.
Sex Differences in Bone Health Among Indian Older Adults with Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Sarcopenic Obesity
Authors: Gandham Anoohya , Scott David , Bonham Maxine P. , Kulkarni Bharati , Kinra Sanjay , Ebeling Peter R. , Zengin Ayse 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAge-related changes in fat and lean mass contribute to bone health, but these associations may be influenced by sex and ethnicity. This study investigated sex-specific associations of obesity and sarcopenia with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) among Indian older adults. 1057 adults aged ≥ 50 years were included. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured BMD at the hip, spine and whole-body, and BMAD was calculated as BMD/√bone area. Obesity was defined by body fat percentage (cut points; > 25% for men and > 35% for women), and sarcopenia was defined using the revised Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia classification with low hand grip strength (< 28 kg for men and < 18 kg for women) and appendicular lean mass index (< 7.0 kg/m2 for men and < 5.4 kg/m2 for women). Participants were classified into four groups: controls (no obesity or sarcopenia), obesity, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity. Linear regression (β-coefficients and 95%CI) analyses were performed with adjustments for age, smoking status, protein intake, and socioeconomic status. Prevalence of sarcopenia (37%) and sarcopenic obesity (6%) were higher in men than women (17% and 4%, respectively). Compared with controls, men with obesity had lower whole-body BMD and BMAD, but women with obesity had higher hip and spine BMD and BMAD (all p < 0.05). Men, but not women, with sarcopenic obesity, had lower hip and whole-body BMD and BMAD (all p < 0.05) than controls. Men with sarcopenia had lower BMD and BMAD at the hip only, whereas women had lower BMD at all three sites and had lower BMAD at the hip and spine (all p < 0.05), compared with controls. Obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity have sex-specific associations with BMD and BMAD in Indian older adults. With the aging population in India, it is important to understand how body composition contributes to poor bone health among older adults.