bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverging Temporal Trends in Stroke Incidence in Younger vs Older People
Authors: Scott Catherine A. , Li Linxin , Rothwell Peter M. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceOverall stroke incidence is falling in high-income countries, but data on time trends in incidence of young stroke (ie, stroke in individuals younger than 55 years) are conflicting. An age-specific divergence in incidence, with less favorable trends at younger vs older ages, might be a more consistent underlying finding across studies.ObjectiveTo compare temporal trends in incidence of stroke at younger vs older ages in high-income countries.Data SourcesPubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to February 2022. One additional population-based study (Oxford Vascular Study) was also included.Study SelectionStudies reporting age-specific stroke incidence in high-income countries at more than 1 time point.Data Extraction and SynthesisFor all retrieved studies, 2 authors independently reviewed the full text against the inclusion criteria to establish their eligibility. Meta-analysis was performed with the inverse variance–weighted random-effects model. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was age-specific divergence (&amp;lt;55 vs ≥55 years) in temporal trends in stroke incidence (relative temporal rate ratio [RTTR]) in studies extending to at least 2000. RTTRs were calculated for each study and pooled by random-effects meta-analysis, with stratification by administrative vs prospective population-based methodology, sex, stroke subtype (ischemic vs intracerebral hemorrhage vs subarachnoid hemorrhage) and geographical region.ResultsAmong 50 studies in 20 countries, 26 (13 prospective population-based and 13 administrative studies) reported data allowing calculation of the RTTR for stroke incidence at younger vs older ages across 2 or more periods, the latest extending beyond 2000. Reported trends in absolute incidence of young individuals with stroke were heterogeneous, but all studies showed a less favorable trend in incidence at younger vs older ages (pooled RTTR = 1.57 [95% CI, 1.42-1.74]). The overall RTTR was consistent by stroke subtype (ischemic, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.44-1.83]; intracerebral hemorrhage, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.91-1.92]; subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.00-2.35]); and by sex (men, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.34-1.60]; women, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.28-1.55]) but was greater in studies reporting trends solely after 2000 (1.51 [95% CI, 1.30-1.70]) vs solely before (1.18 [95% CI, 1.12-1.24]) and was highest in population-based studies in which the most recent reported period of ascertainment started after 2010 (1.87 [95% CI, 1.55-2.27]).Conclusions and RelevanceTemporal trends in stroke incidence are diverging by age in high-income countries, with less favorable trends at younger vs older ages, highlighting the urgent need to better understand etiology and prevention of stroke at younger ages.
Workplace infection prevention control measures and work engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic among Japanese workers: A prospective cohort study
Authors:   CORoNaWork project, Ikegami Kazunori , Ando Hajime , Fujino Yoshihisa , Eguchi Hisashi , Muramatsu Keiji , Nagata Tomohisa , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Ogami Akira 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Our objective was to assess the effect of appropriate workplace IPC measures on employees' work engagement. It could be important to note how workplace infection prevention control (IPC) measures for COVID-19 contribute to positive mental health among workers. We hypothesized that if workplace IPC measures are adequately implemented, they would have a positive effect on employees' work engagement.

Methods
We conducted an internet-based prospective cohort study from December 2020 (baseline) to December 2021 (follow-up after 1 year) using self-administered questionnaires. At baseline, 27036 workers completed the questionnaires, while 18 560 (68.7%) participated in the one-year follow-up. After excluding the 6578 participants who changed jobs or retired during the survey period, or telecommuted more than 4 days per week, 11 982 participants were analyzed. We asked participants about the implementation of workplace IPC measures at baseline and conducted a follow-up using a nine-item version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9).

Results
Four groups were created according to the number of workplace IPC measures implemented. The mean (SD) UWES-9 score of the “0–2” group was the lowest at 18.3 (13.2), while that of the “8” group was the highest at 22.6 (12.6). The scores of the “3–5,” “6–7,” and “8” groups were significantly higher than that of the “0–2” group (all, p &lt; .001). The p trend of the four groups was also significant (p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Promoting workplace IPC measures improves workers' work engagement, and a dose–response relationship exists between workplace IPC measures and work engagement.
Hesperetin Nanoparticle Targeting Neutrophils for Enhanced TBI Therapy
Authors: Yao Kai , Mu Qingchun , Zhang Yufei , Cheng Qian , Cheng Xiaozhi , Liu Xiaojing , Luo Chunmei , Li Chumei , Cai Shuxia , Luo Zhicheng , Zhu Xiulong , Zhang Xiangtong , Cui Liao , Huang Chunming , Tang Longguang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death and disability in people of all ages worldwide. Neuroinflammation plays beneficial and harmful roles in secondary brain injury. Neutrophils play an important role in chemically mediated inflammatory responses through myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inflammation triggered by TBI. Herein, a nanodrug targeting neutrophils and MPO through chemical and biological functions after TBI is designed to enhance the retention and sustained release of drug cargos for improved TBI therapy. 5‐Hydroxytryptamide (5‐HT) is modified on nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant natural product, hesperetin, to obtain MPO‐ and neutrophil‐targeting NPs, denoted as T‐Hes. In a mouse TBI model, it is confirmed that neutrophil‐targeting NPs can quickly accumulate and remain in the brain tissue, reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors, and the level of microglia and astrocytes, subsequently inducing the transformation of microglia from pro‐inflammatory M1 to anti‐inflammatory M2 cells and promoting the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs). T‐Hes significantly inhibits neuroinflammation and improves neurological deficits through the sustained release of hesperetin in the brain. The findings may open up new avenues for designing clinically translatable probes for TBI treatment.
Cooperative Coupling of H2O2 Production and Organic Synthesis over a Floatable Polystyrene‐Sphere‐Supported TiO2/Bi2O3 S‐Scheme Photocatalyst
Authors: He Bowen , Wang Zhongliao , Xiao Peng , Chen Tao , Yu Jiaguo , Zhang Liuyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCooperative coupling of photocatalytic H2O2 production with organic synthesis has an expansive perspective in converting solar energy into storable chemical energy. However, traditional powder photocatalysts suffer from severe agglomeration, limited light absorption, poor gas reactant accessibility, and reusable difficulty, which greatly hinders their large‐scale application. Herein, floatable composite photocatalysts are synthesized by immobilizing hydrophobic TiO2 and Bi2O3 on lightweight polystyrene (PS) spheres via hydrothermal and photodeposition methods. The floatable photocatalysts are not only solar transparent, but also upgrade the contact between reactants and photocatalysts. Thus, the floatable step‐scheme (S‐scheme) TiO2/Bi2O3 photocatalyst exhibits a drastically enhanced H2O2 yield of 1.15 mm h−1 and decent furfuryl alcohol conversion to furoic acid synchronously. Furthermore, the S‐scheme mechanism and dynamics are systematically investigated by in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption spectrum analyses. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the mechanism of furoic acid evolution. The ingenious design of floatable photocatalysts not only furnishes insight into maximizing photocatalytic reaction kinetics but also provides a new route for highly efficient heterogeneous catalysis.
Antiperovskite Magnetic Materials with 2p Light Elements for Future Practical Applications
Authors: Isogami Shinji , Takahashi Yukiko K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLight elements having 2p electrons such as B, C, and N are common elements that have played an important role in various functional materials. In particular, nitrides have long been used in the development of semiconductors, superconductors, and magnets. More recently, Fe‐ and Mn‐based antiperovskite‐type compounds with light elements have attracted considerable attention in the field of spintronic engineering, because of the development of intriguing and practical applications making them one of the key materials for future devices. In this article, it is first reviewed the evolution of applications and which light elements are employed. Then the representative applications and characteristics of the light elements, including magnetoresistive effects, magnetization switching, current‐spin and thermoelectric conversions, magnetic anisotropy, and domain nucleation are individually highlighted. Additionally, the crystal structure, fundamental properties, and theoretical study are addressed to enable a deeper understanding of the role of light elements in the unit cell. Beyond compounds with N, a demonstration using B and C is discussed to examine their effect on the magnetic structures of antiperovskite compounds. Finally, prospective and future strategies are discussed to build a platform of practical material based on light elements.
Morphological disparity of extant and extinct pinaceous ovulate cones: How many cones are enough?
Authors: De Brito Léa , Fischer Valentin , Prestianni Cyrille 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPremiseThe expansion of Pinaceae during the Cretaceous is exemplified by the numerous ovulate cone taxa found in western Europe and North America. The Belgian Wealden facies deposits have delivered hundreds of exceptionally well‐preserved yet isolated pinaceous ovulate cones; these cones were placed by convention within form‐genera. Ten species have been described in Belgium, representing about 20% of the known fossil record of this period. However, the validity of these taxa is questionable because their intra‐ and interspecific variabilities have never been thoroughly studied. Moreover, quantifying the expansion of Pinaceae in terms of morphospace occupation is desirable to reveal the dynamics of this critical radiation.MethodsWe used linear and geometric morphometry to quantify the shape of the extensive sample of Cretaceous cones of Belgium. These methods were also applied to extant pinaceous species to compare the morphological disparity of Cretaceous assemblages against those of today in selected ecosystems. We used ordination methods (PCA) to visualize morphospace occupation and test for species delineation.ResultsThe morphological disparity was not higher in fossil species than in extant species we sampled. Both morphological approaches confirmed that the species Pityostrobus andraei presents high morphological variability. Our resampling tests indicate that ovulate cone morphological variability can be satisfactorily quantified with as few as 15 specimens.ConclusionsThe methodology used here is relevant for quantifying both the variability and the diversity of many fossil assemblages, paving the way for a more robust evaluation of Cretaceous pinaceous diversity.
Diagnostic experiences of Duchenne families and their preferences for newborn screening: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Crossnohere Norah L. , Armstrong Niki , Fischer Ryan , Bridges John F. P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common form of muscular dystrophy diagnosed in childhood but is not routinely screened for prenatally or at birth in the United States. We sought to characterize the diagnostic experiences of families and describe their preferences for newborn screening (NBS). We conducted a registry‐based survey of families with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy that included open‐ and closed‐ended questions regarding the journey to a diagnosis, preferences for when to learn of a diagnosis, and how knowledge of a diagnosis would impact life decisions. Open‐ended responses were analyzed thematically, and closed‐ended responses were analyzed descriptively. Sixty‐five families completed the survey. The average ages of first concern and diagnosis were 2 and 4 years, respectively. One‐third of families (30%) indicated that they would prefer to receive a diagnosis in the newborn period irrespective of treatment options available, and nearly all of the remaining families (93%) indicated that they would want to learn about a diagnosis if there were treatments that worked well during the newborn period. All families (100%) indicated that a diagnosis in the newborn period would impact life decisions. We identified three overarching themes, which described the stages of the diagnostic journey, including having concerns about the child, seeking answers, and receiving the diagnosis. NBS can facilitate improved health outcomes through early access to care, and inform families on major health and nonhealth decisions. The preferences and experiences of families and other stakeholders should be considered when determining the potential value and benefit of expanding NBS programs.
Potential trade‐off between olfactory and visual discrimination learning in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Implications for the assessment of age‐related cognitive decline
Authors: Golub Elena M. , Conner Bryce , Edwards Mélise , Gillis Lacey , Lacreuse Agnès 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction has been identified as an early biomarker for dementia risk but has rarely been assessed in nonhuman primate models of human aging. To better characterize common marmosets as such models, we assessed olfactory discrimination performance in a sample of 10 animals (5 females), aged 2.5−8.9 years old. The monkeys were proficient in the discrimination and reversal of visual stimuli but naïve to odor stimuli. For olfactory discrimination, the monkeys performed a series of six discriminations of increasing difficulty between two odor stimuli. We found no evidence for an age‐related decline as both young and older individuals were able to perform the discriminations in roughly the same number of trials. In addition, the older monkeys had faster responses than the younger animals. However, we noted that when adjusted for age, the speed of acquisition of the first discrimination in the olfactory modality was inversely correlated to the speed of acquisition of their first discrimination of two visual stimuli months earlier. These results suggest that marmosets may compensate for sensory deficits in one modality with higher sensory performance in another. These data have broad implications for the assessment of age‐related cognitive decline and the categorization of animals as impaired or nonimpaired.
Infected aortic pseudoaneurysm caused by an inferior vena cava filter
Authors: Fukasawa Hiroaki , Kameyama Akiko , Tsukada Megumi , Imamura Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundInferior vena cava filters are widely used to prevent pulmonary embolism, but they can cause serious complications.Case PresentationA 45‐year‐old man with multiple abscesses was transferred to the emergency department from another hospital. Computed tomography revealed bilateral subscapular abscesses, septic pulmonary embolism, and an abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm with an abscess at the site of the inferior vena cava filter limb inserted 12 years before. After admission to our hospital, surgical drainage of the bilateral subscapular and right wrist joint abscesses was performed; subsequent treatment with ampicillin improved the patient's condition. Inflammation resolved on the 19th hospitalization day, and abdominal aortic replacement surgery was performed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. He returned to the previous hospital for rehabilitation after 40 days of hospitalization.ConclusionInferior vena cava filters could cause serious complications.
Molecular Electrochemical Reductive Splitting of Dinitrogen with a Molybdenum Complex**
Authors: Merakeb Lydia , Bennaamane Soukaina , De Freitas Jérémy , Clot Eric , Mézailles Nicolas , Robert Marc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNitrogen reduction under mild conditions (roomTand atmosphericP), using a non‐fossil source of hydrogen remains a challenge. Molecular metal complexes, notably Mo based, have recently been shown to be active for such nitrogen fixation. We report electrochemical N2splitting with a MoIIItriphosphino complex [(PPP)MoI3], at room temperature and a moderately negative potential. A MoIVnitride species was generated, which is confirmed by electrochemistry and NMR studies. The reaction goes through two successive one electron reductions of the starting Mo species, coordination of a N2molecule, and further splitting to a MoIVnitride complex. Preliminary DFT studies support the formation of a bridging MoIN2MoIdinitrogen dimer evolving to the Mo nitride via a low energy transition state. This example joins a short list of molecular complexes for N2electrochemical reductive cleavage. It opens a door to electrochemical proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) conversion studies of N2to NH3.
Ausnutzung von Koordinationseffekten für die Regioselektive Zinkierung von Diazinen mit TMPZnX⋅LiX (X=Cl, Br)
Authors: Kremsmair Alexander , Sunagatullina Alisa S. , Bole Leonie J. , Mastropierro Pasquale , Graßl Simon , Wilke Henrik R. , Godineau Edouard , Hevia Eva , Knochel Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEine neue Methode für regioselektive Zinkierung von anspruchsvollen N‐heterozyklischen Substraten wie Pyrimidinen und Pyridazin wurde unter Verwendung der bimetallischen Basen TMPZnX⋅LiX (TMP=2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidyl; X=Cl, Br) beschrieben. Die Reaktionen fanden unter milden Bedingungen statt (25–70 °C, unter Verwendung von 1,75 Äquivalenten der Base ohne Zusätze) und lieferten 2‐zinkierte Pyrimidine und 3‐zinkierte Pyridazine, die dann mit einer Vielzahl von Elektrophilen abgefangen wurden. Im Gegensatz zu anderen s‐Block‐Metallierungssystemen, denen es selbst bei niedrigen Temperaturen an Selektivität in ihren Reaktionen mangelt, ermöglichten diese gemischten Li‐/Zn‐Basen beispiellose Regioselektivitäten, die weder mit LiTMP noch mit Zn(TMP)2 allein erreicht werden können. Spektroskopische und strukturelle Untersuchungen von metallorganischen Zwischenprodukten, die an diesen Reaktionen beteiligt sind, haben Licht auf die komplexe Zusammensetzung der Reaktionsgemische und die Ursachen ihrer besonderen Reaktivität geworfen.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Multiple C(sp2)−H Insertions of Malonate Metal Carbenes for Late‐Stage Functionalizations of Azahelicenes
Authors: Nikolova Yana , Fabri Bibiana , Moneva Lorente Pau , Guarnieri‐Ibáñez Alejandro , de Aguirre Adiran , Soda Yoshiki , Pescitelli Gennaro , Zinna Francesco , Besnard Céline , Guénée Laure , Moreau Dimitri , Di Bari Lorenzo , Bakker Eric , Poblador‐Bahamonde Amalia I. , Lacour Jérôme 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChiral quinacridines react up to four times, step‐by‐step, with α‐diazomalonates under RuIIand RhIIcatalysis. By selecting the catalyst, [CpRu(CH3CN)3][PF6] (Cp=cyclopentadienyl) or Rh2(oct)4, chemo and regioselective insertions of derived metal carbenes are achieved in favor of mono‐ or bis‐functionalized malonate derivatives, respectively, (r.r.>49 : 1, up to 77 % yield, 12 examples). This multi‐introduction of malonate groups is particularly useful to tune optical and chemical properties such as absorption, emission or Brønsted acidity but also cellular bioimaging. Density‐functional theory further elucidates the origin of the carbene insertion selectivity and also showcases the importance of conformations in the optical response.
Three‐Component Reaction of Pentafluorosulfanyl Chloride, Alkenes and Diazo Compounds and Synthesis of Pentafluorosulfanylfurans
Authors: Shou Jia‐Yi , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report herein the three‐component radical addition reaction of SF5Cl, alkene and diazo compounds for the selective formation of α‐alkyl‐α‐SF5carbonyl compounds. The three‐component addition reaction proceeded through the first reaction of SF5radical with the diazo compound followed by the addition of the in situ generated carbon radical to alkene. The synthetic useful α‐allyl‐α‐SF5carbonyl compounds were successfully prepared when allyl trimethylsilanes were used as the alkene substrates. Furthermore, the three‐component adducts formed from SF5Cl, α‐diazoacetophenones and vinyl acetates were converted into pentafluorosulfanylfurans. This transformation provided a practical and efficeint method for the synthesis of pentafluorosulfanylfurans.
α‐Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α‐Carbonyl Carbocation
Authors: Jia Hao , Ritter Tobias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHere we report an α‐thianthrenium carbonyl species, as the equivalent of an α‐carbonyl carbocation, which is generated by the radical conjugate addition of a trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salt to Michael acceptors. The reactivity allows for the synthesis of Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐ and β‐amino acid analogues via a Ritter reaction by addition of acetonitrile. Addition of hydroxide, methoxide, and even fluoride can afford α‐heteroatom substituted α‐phenylpropanoates.
Influence of the skeletal muscle index on pharmacokinetics and toxicity of fluorouracil
Authors: Schmulenson Eduard , Zimmermann Nigina , Müller Lothar , Kapsa Stefanie , Sihinevich Iryna , Jaehde Ulrich 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe body composition of patients has been associated with tolerability and effectiveness of anticancer therapy. This study aimed to assess the influence of the skeletal muscle index (SMI) on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of fluorouracil.MethodsPatients treated in an oncological practice with fluorouracil‐based chemotherapy and undergoing therapeutic drug monitoring were retrospectively investigated. Computed tomography images were analyzed to measure abdominal skeletal muscle areas in Hounsfield units for the psoas major muscle, back and total skeletal muscle to determine the SMI. For the latter, an automated segmentation method was used additionally. SMI measures were tested as covariates on fluorouracil clearance in a population pharmacokinetic model. Furthermore, regression analyses were performed to analyze the influence of SMI measures on the probability of clinically relevant adverse events (CTCAE grades ≥ 2).ResultsFluorouracil plasma concentrations of 111 patients were available. Covariate analyses showed significant improvements of the model fit by all SMI measures. However, interindividual variability of fluorouracil clearance was only slightly reduced, whereas the SMI of the back muscle showed the largest reduction (−1.1 percentage points). Lower SMI values of the back muscle increased the probability for polyneuropathy and lower SMI of the psoas increased the probability for fatigue.ConclusionsOur results suggest that pharmacokinetics and toxicity of fluorouracil may be associated with specific SMI measures which deserve further investigation.