bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of an Automated Best Practice Alert on Sex and Race Disparities in Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Therapy
Authors: Thalappillil Alvin , Johnson Amber , Althouse Andrew , Thoma Floyd , Lee Jae , Estes N. A. Mark , Jain Sandeep , Lee Joon , Saba Samir 
Published: March 2022

Background
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) are indicated in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, but many eligible patients do not receive them, especially women and Black patients. Our group had previously demonstrated that a best practice alert (BPA) improves overall rates of electrophysiology referrals and ICD implantations. This study examined the impact of a BPA by sex and race.

Methods and Results
This is a cluster randomized trial of cardiology (n=106) and primary care (n=89) providers who were randomized to receive (BPA, n=93) or not receive (No BPA, n=102) the alert and managed 1856 patients meeting primary prevention criteria for ICD implantation (965 BPA and 891 No BPA). After a median follow up of 34 months, 630 (34%) patients were referred to electrophysiology, and 522 (28%) patients received an ICD. Compared with the No BPA arm, patients in the BPA arm saw a modest differential increase in the rate of electrophysiology referrals at 18 months in men (+4%) compared with women (+7%) but a profound increase in Black patients (+16%) compared with White patients (+2%), thus closing the sex and race gaps. Similar trends were noted for rates of ICD implantation.

Conclusions
Use of a BPA improves rates of electrophysiology referrals and ICD implantations in all comers with severe cardiomyopathy and no prior ventricular arrhythmias but has a more pronounced impact in women and Black patients. The use of a BPA at the point of care is an effective tool in the fight against sex and race inequities in health care.
Demographic and Regional Trends of Mortality in Patients With Aortic Dissection in the United States, 1999 to 2019
Authors: Nazir Salik , Ariss Robert W. , Minhas Abdul Mannan Khan , Issa Rochell , Michos Erin D. , Birnbaum Yochai , Moukarbel George V. , Ramanathan P. Kasi , Jneid Hani 
Published: March 2022

Background
Aortic dissection (AoD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, the burden of AoD mortality is not well characterized, and contemporary data and mortality trends in different demographic and geographic subgroups have not been described.

Methods and Results
Trends in AoD mortality were assessed using a cross‐sectional analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database. Crude and age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1 million people with associated annual percent changes were determined. Joinpoint regression was used to assess trends in the overall sample and different demographic (sex, race and ethnicity, age) and geographic subgroups. Between 1999 and 2019, a total of 86 855 AoD deaths occurred within the United States. In the overall population, AAMR was 21.1 per 1 million in 1999 and 21.3 in 2019. After an initial decline in mortality, AAMR increased from 2012 to 2019, with an associated annual change of 2.5% (95% CI, 1.8–3.3). Men, older adults (aged ≥85 years), and non‐Hispanic Black or African American individuals had higher mortality rates than women, younger individuals, and other racial and ethnic individuals, respectively. Despite lower AAMRs throughout the study period, women experienced greater increases in AAMR from 2012 to 2019 compared with men. Similarly, non‐Hispanic Black or African American individuals had a pronounced increase in AAMR from 2012 to 2019.

Conclusions
Despite an initial decline in AoD mortality, the mortality rate has been increasing from 2012 to 2019, with pronounced increases among women and non‐Hispanic Black or African American individuals.
County‐Level Trends in Hypertension‐Related Cardiovascular Disease Mortality—United States, 2000 to 2019
Authors: Vaughan Adam S. , Coronado Fátima , Casper Michele , Loustalot Fleetwood , Wright Janet S. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Amid stagnating declines in national cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, documenting trends in county‐level hypertension‐related CVD death rates can help activate local efforts prioritizing hypertension prevention, detection, and control.

Methods and Results
Using death certificate data from the National Vital Statistics System, Bayesian spatiotemporal models were used to estimate county‐level hypertension‐related CVD death rates and corresponding trends during 2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2019 for adults aged ≥35 years overall and by age group, race or ethnicity, and sex. Among adults aged 35 to 64 years, county‐level hypertension‐related CVD death rates increased from a median of 23.2 per 100 000 in 2000 to 43.4 per 100 000 in 2019. Among adults aged ≥65 years, county‐level hypertension‐related CVD death rates increased from a median of 362.1 per 100 000 in 2000 to 430.1 per 100 000 in 2019. Increases were larger and more prevalent among adults aged 35 to 64 years than those aged ≥65 years. More than 75% of counties experienced increasing hypertension‐related CVD death rates among patients aged 35 to 64 years during 2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2019 (76.2% [95% credible interval, 74.7–78.4] and 86.2% [95% credible interval, 84.6–87.6], respectively), compared with 48.2% (95% credible interval, 47.0–49.7) during 2000 to 2010 and 66.1% (95% credible interval, 64.9–67.1) for patients aged ≥65 years. The highest rates for both age groups were among men and Black populations. All racial and ethnic categories in both age groups experienced widespread county‐level increases.

Conclusions
Large, widespread county‐level increases in hypertension‐related CVD mortality sound an alarm for intensified clinical and public health actions to improve hypertension prevention, detection, and control and prevent subsequent CVD deaths in counties across the nation.
Transnational Governance and the Urban Politics of Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Change
Authors: Tozer Laura , Bulkeley Harriet , Xie Linjun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Multiple visions for how urbanism can respond to the climate crisis and foster sustainability have emerged on the international agenda, including the ecocity, low-carbon city, smart city, and resilient city. These competing visions have been joined by one deploying “nature-based solutions.” We examine how nature-based solutions are emerging as a linchpin holding together the nature and climate agendas and what this means for where and by whom nature-based solutions are forming part of transnational urban governance. We argue that this field is animated by four frames connecting urban nature and climate: nature for resilience, nature for mitigation, the integrated benefits of nature, and nature first. Diverse actors, from conservation organizations to design firms to transnational municipal networks, draw on these frames and adopt new governance arrangements such that what it means to govern climate in the city is shifting. How this emerging nature–climate governance complex is structured will generate new momentum for governing urban nature over the coming decade.
Turkey
Authors: Özcan Turgut Aycan , Ataol Eylül 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As complex international commercial relations developed, the practice of arbitration became more popular around the world. In this context, arbitration practices on a local basis have been shaped accordingly. The purpose of this study is to give general information about the international and domestic legislation in Turkey in the field of arbitration. Within this context, it evaluates the rules to be applied to international and national arbitration proceedings in Turkey by taking into account the effect of UNCITRAL model law on the evolution of national arbitration legislation of Turkey.
Predictors of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Participants in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Fix Jonathan , Donneyong Macarius M. , Rapp Stephen R. , Sattari Maryam , Snively Beverly M. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Gower Emily W. 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Older adults typically experience higher rates of severe disease and mortality than the general population after contracting an infectious disease. Vaccination is critical for preventing disease and severe downstream outcomes; however, vaccination rates among older adults are suboptimal. We assessed predictors associated with pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination among older women. Methods: We used data from the Women’s Health Initiative, a nationwide cohort of women. We ascertained seasonal influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status through a questionnaire administered in 2013. We limited analyses to women aged ≥65 years at questionnaire administration. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors and vaccination and explored stratification by race. Results: Of participants who responded to each question, 84.3% (n = 60 578) reported being vaccinated for influenza and 85.5% (n = 59 015) for pneumonia. The odds of reporting influenza vaccination were significantly lower among non-Hispanic Black participants than among non-Hispanic White participants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.49-0.58), women with no health insurance versus private health insurance (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.54-0.68), and women living in rural versus urban settings (OR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.96). Current smoking, lower education levels, and having comorbid conditions were associated with lower likelihood of being vaccinated for influenza (than not); past pneumonia diagnosis and being currently married were associated with a higher likelihood. We observed similar associations for pneumococcal vaccination coverage. Conclusions: These findings reinforce the need to enact policy and implement programs to improve access to, education and awareness about, and provider recommendations for these critical disease-prevention tools. Results from our study should guide strategies for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer Among Low-Income Women in New Jersey
Authors: Silvera Stephanie A. Navarro , Kaplan Alejandra M. , Laforet Priscila 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Although much research has been conducted on knowledge and awareness of the connection between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer risk among university students, few studies have examined these associations among low-income populations. We examined knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer risk among racially and ethnically diverse low-income women. Methods: We used a cross-sectional study design to recruit and interview 476 low-income women in New Jersey from November 1, 2013, through February 28, 2016. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine whether knowledge of HPV and its association with cervical cancer risk differed by race and ethnicity. Results: Compared with non-Hispanic White women, Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.77) and non-Hispanic Black (OR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.19-0.77) women were significantly less likely to report having heard of HPV. Of women who had ever heard of HPV (n = 323), non-Hispanic Black women were significantly less likely (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21-0.89) than non-Hispanic White women to report knowing that HPV can be associated with cervical cancer. Conclusions: Given the higher rates of HPV infection among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women, these results suggest a need to improve education about risks of HPV among low-income populations. These messages need to include information on the connection between HPV and cervical cancer and must be provided in culturally and linguistically appropriate ways.
What’s Going On: “Partisan” Worries, and Desires to Discuss Trump-Era Events in School
Authors: Pollock Mica , Yoshisato Mariko 
Published: March 2022

Background/Context: This article explores how the classic U.S. educator effort to stay politically “nonpartisan” when teaching became particularly complicated in an era of spiking K–12 harassment, when government officials openly targeted and denigrated populations on the basis of race, national origin, gender, sexuality, and religion. We share research on a pilot (2017–2019) of #USvsHate, an “anti-hate” initiative we designed and studied with K–12 educators and students in the politically mixed region of San Diego, California. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: #USvsHate sought to respond to a national spike in bigotry, harassment, and hate crimes by inviting “anti-hate” learning and messaging in an explicitly nonpartisan manner. Analyzing educator interviews and student focus groups from the project pilot, we explore a core tension raised throughout #USvsHate participation: Some participating educators feared that such work to include “all” as equally valuable would seem partisan to critics and so be deemed off-limits. We focus on this tension in part to support educators continuing to grapple with it in a deeply divided country. Population/Participants/Subjects: Pilot participants came from 12 diverse districts in our region, including 53 teachers and 427 students who submitted anti-hate messages to contests, with more than 3,300 students participating overall. We interviewed piloting K–12 teachers (18) and students (30) from traditional public schools and public charter schools. Research Design: Unlike more structured interventions, #USvsHate’s core shared experience is its open-ended invitation to “anti-hate” teaching and messaging. As ethnographically trained researchers, we spent spring 2018 and the 2018–2019 school year studying experiences of #USvsHate’s lessons and messaging efforts, feeding input continually back into project design in a participatory process. Teachers and students joined interviews and focus groups voluntarily. We also talked with dozens more teachers in design sessions and recruitment gatherings. Data Collection and Analysis: We used discourse analysis techniques piloted in studies on race talk to identify trends in participants’ responses and across individuals, coding for a key phrase found in focus group data: Across schools, students stated that #USvsHate offered a necessary chance to discuss “what’s going on.” Conclusions/Recommendations: Students interviewed considered it obviously educators’ professional responsibility to address current incidents of denigration, harassment, bigotry, and threats targeting groups in schools, communities, and society—all of which they termed simply “what’s going on.” Educators agreed but that feared “anti-hate” work now might be deemed partisan and so off-limits to educators. We explore the deep complexity of this worry—and we explore educators’ and students’ attempting to discuss current events of harm as simply part of educators’ jobs.
Black English and Mathematics Education: A Critical Look at Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy
Authors: Ortiz Nickolaus Alexander , Ruwe Dalitso 
Published: March 2022

Background/Context: The popularity surrounding culturally sustaining pedagogy (CSP) is notable primarily within language and literacy content areas but is also making its rounds in other disciplines. Because of its assumed objectivity and status, the mathematics discipline has long been a site of disrupting or perpetuating inequity and thus warrants our focus in thinking about how any pedagogical framework influences the success of Black students. We question whether the ideology undergirding CSP is beneficial to the ways in which we seek to educate Black mathematics learners through a philosophy of mathematics education that prioritizes language, and Black English more specifically. Purpose/Objective: The objective of this theoretical paper is to take a closer look at the shift in education research that has drawn attention away from asset-based frameworks, like culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) or culturally responsive teaching, to focus on CSP. We seek to address how Black children may be positioned by the ideologies proposed in CSP, particularly in the way that culture, and Blackness in itself, is performed. Our goal is to highlight potential oversights in this framework and to discuss whether CSP represents a viable solution for Black students, particularly in regard to their mathematics education. Research Design: We elucidate the genesis of CSP and establish its roots as in tension with a Black ontology by tracing the theoretical origins of two scholars known best for its conceptualization. Findings/Results: Conceptualizers of CSP build on Ben Rampton’s work using the concept of “language crossing” and “styling the other,” to level critiques at CSP based on their studies of ritual insults in battle rap and use of African American Language in schools with multiethnic youth. Although it is true that people engage in language-crossing processes quite often, we question whether these actions of language crossing support claims about the eradication of cultural ownership, and at what cost Black people lose these aspects of culture. Conclusions/Recommendations: There are valuable lessons learned from Paris’s undertaking, but what Ladson-Billings provided in her theory of CRP was a more powerful conceptualization of improving education for Black students across multiple content areas because of the ways in which it forgoes the often conservative stance on language proffered in the theoretical ideologies of CSP. Discourse and language are inherently significant aspects of mathematics teaching and learning, and Black English is one possible entry into culturally relevant mathematics.
Epileptic manifestations, pathophysiology, and imaging characteristics of non-ketotic hyperglycaemia: a review of the literature and a report of two cases with irreversible cortical vision loss
Authors: Peddawad Dhanashree 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this review is to create more awareness regarding the epileptic manifestations of non-ketotic hyperglycaemia, which are not widely recognised, and to assist understanding of the pathophysiology involved. Given that type II diabetes is one of the common causes of morbidity worldwide, it is important to appreciate the various neurological manifestations of non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. Here, I present two cases and review the existing literature. Both patients developed irreversible vision loss, which is a novel finding because only transient visual defects have previously been reported. The review includes a detailed discussion of the pathophysiology and characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of patients with defects in cerebral lobar regions, which were associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. These manifestations can be ascribed to epileptic phenomena involving various parts of the cerebrum. Hyperglycaemia can lead to the irreversible loss of vision. Early diagnosis and treatment on the basis of the clinical features and characteristic MRI findings are important to avoid an epilepsia partialis continua-like state and irreversible visual impairment.
Prediction of in-hospital mortality after acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: cross-validation of several risk scoring systems
Authors: Benedeto-Stojanov Daniela , Bjelaković Milica , Stojanov Dragan , Aleksovski Boris 
Published: March 2022

Objective We aimed to identify the clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic features associated with in-hospital mortality after acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB), focusing on cross-validation of the Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS), full Rockall score (RS), and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Predictive Index (CSMCPI) scoring systems. Methods Our prospective cross-sectional study included 156 patients with AUGIB. Several statistical approaches were used to assess the predictive accuracy of the scoring systems. Results All three scoring systems were able to accurately predict in-hospital mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] > 0.9); however, the multiple logistic model separated the presence of hemodynamic instability (state of shock) and the CSMCPI as the only significant predictive risk factors. In compliance with the overall results, the CSMCPI was consistently found to be superior to the other two systems (highest AUC, highest sensitivity and specificity, highest positive and negative predictive values, highest positive likelihood ratio, lowest negative likelihood ratio, and 1-unit increase in CSMCPI associated with 6.3 times higher odds of mortality), outperforming the GBS and full RS. Conclusions We suggest consideration of the CSMCPI as a readily available and reliable tool for accurately predicting in-hospital mortality after AUGIB, thus providing an essential backbone in clinical decision-making.
Effects of early rehabilitation on functional outcomes in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Han Peipei , Yu Hairui , Xie Fandi , Li Ming , Chen Xiaoyu , Yu Xing , Li Jing , Liu Xiangjing , Shao Bohan , Liu Jianjun , Liu Yaping , Liu Zhigang , Liu Xiaocheng , Guo Qi 
Published: March 2022

Objective This study evaluated the effectiveness, feasibility, and safety of early rehabilitation for patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods In a three-arm randomized controlled trial, patients who underwent CABG from January 2018 to June 2018 were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (i) usual care (UC group); (ii) UC + single general ward rehabilitation (SGR group); and (iii) UC + general ward rehabilitation and intensive care unit (ICU) rehabilitation (IGR group). The primary outcome was the Barthel Index scores. Results The Barthel Index score for UC (75.3 ± 12.1) was significantly lower than that of both SGR (86.2 ± 14.1) and IGR (89.1 ± 15.5). There was no significant difference in the Barthel Index scores between the SGR and IGR groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the length of ICU stay and post-operative hospital stay but not in post-operative pulmonary complications (PPC) or atrial fibrillation between the three groups. Conclusion Early rehabilitation implemented during ICU stay and on the general ward resulted in significant improvements in functional independence and could be a safe part of routine care post-CABG.