bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A balance between actin and Eps8/IRSp53 utilization in branched versus linear actin networks determines tunneling nanotube formation
Authors: Henderson J. Michael , Ljubojevic Nina , Chaze Thibault , Castaneda Daryl , Battistella Aude , Gianetto Quentin Giai , Matondo Mariette , Descroix Stéphanie , Bassereau Patricia , Zurzolo Chiara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTunneling nanotubes (TNTs) connect distant cells and mediate cargo transfer for intercellular communication in physiological and pathological contexts. How cells generate these actin-mediated protrusions to span lengths beyond those attainable by canonical filopodia remains unknown. Through a combination of micropatterning, microscopy and optical tweezer-based approaches, we demonstrate that TNTs forming through the outward extension of actin (not through cellular dislodgement) achieve distances greater than the mean length of filopodia, and that branched Arp2/3-dependent pathways attenuate the extent to which actin polymerizes in nanotubes, limiting TNT occurrence. Proteomic analysis using Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 (Eps8) as a positive effector of TNTs showed that upon Arp2/3 inhibition, proteins enhancing filament turnover and depolymerization were reduced and Eps8 instead exhibited heightened interactions with the inverted Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (I-BAR) domain protein IRSp53 that provides a direct connection with linear actin polymerases. Our data reveals how common protrusion players (Eps8 and IRSp53) form TNTs, and that when competing pathways overutilizing such proteins and monomeric actin in Arp2/3 networks are inhibited, processes promoting linear actin growth dominate to favour TNT formation. Thus, this work reinforces a general principle for actin network control for cellular protrusions where simple shifts in the balance between processes that inhibit actin growth versus those that promote growth dictate protrusion formation and the ultimate length scales protrusions achieve.
Whether the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of Ta-sro1, a noncanonical PARP protein, contributes to its function in salinity-stress tolerance?
Authors: Liu Shu-Wei , Liu Shu-Peng , Wang Wen-Long , Wang Mei , Wang Meng , Xia Guang-Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractADP-ribosylation mediated by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) is an intricate modification that regulates diverse cellular processes including DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and gene transcription responding to stresses. In addition to the canonical poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), plant specific SRO (Similar to RCD One) family also contain the catalytic core of the PARP domain. However, whether the PARP domains in SROs execute the ART function is still under debate. In 2014, we reported a wheat SRO, Ta-sro1, had the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and enhanced wheat seedling growth and abiotic stress resistance, however, a recent work by Vogt et al. showed that Ta-sro1 without ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Based on the recent progress on PARPs and SROs in relation to ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, along with our former and recent evolving results, we argued that Ta-sro1 is a non-canonical ADP-ribosyltransferase with the enzymatic activity. Although we have revealed the novel mechanism of Ta-sro1 regulate redox homeostasis and enhance salinity stress tolerance through interacting with TaSIP1, it is of interest to further clarify whether and how the enzymatic activity of Ta-sro1 responsible for the salinity tolerance of wheat. Our study raises some interesting points and caveats that helpful for understanding the research progresses and debates about the enzymatic activity of SROs.
The diversity of the glycan shield of sarbecoviruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Allen Joel D. , Ivory Dylan , Song Sophie Ge , He Wan-ting , Capozzola Tazio , Yong Peter , Burton Dennis R. , Andrabi Raiees , Crispin Max 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe animal reservoirs of sarbecoviruses represent a significant risk of emergent pandemics, as evidenced by the impact of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines remain successful at limiting severe disease and death, however the continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, together with the potential for further coronavirus zoonosis, motivates the search for pan-coronavirus vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. This necessitates a better understanding of the glycan shields of coronaviruses, which can occlude potential antibody epitopes on spike glycoproteins. Here, we compare the structure of several sarbecovirus glycan shields. Many N-linked glycan attachment sites are shared by all sarbecoviruses, and the processing state of certain sites is highly conserved. However, there are significant differences in the processing state at several glycan sites that surround the receptor binding domain. Our studies reveal similarities and differences in the glycosylation of sarbecoviruses and show how subtle changes in the protein sequence can have pronounced impacts on the glycan shield.
Synergistic stabilization of microtubules by BUB-1, HCP-1 and CLS-2 controls meiotic spindle assembly in C. elegans oocytes
Authors: Macaisne Nicolas , Bellutti Laura , Laband Kimberley , Edwards Frances , Pitayu-Nugroho Laras , Gervais Alison , Ganeswaran Thadshagine , Geoffroy Hélène , Maton Gilliane , Canman Julie C. , Lacroix Benjamin , Dumont Julien 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTDuring cell division, chromosome segregation is orchestrated by a microtubule-based spindle. Interaction between spindle microtubules and kinetochores is central to the bi-orientation of chromosomes. Initially dynamic to allow spindle assembly and kinetochore attachments, which is essential for chromosome alignment, microtubules are eventually stabilized for efficient segregation of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis I respectively. Therefore, the precise control of microtubule dynamics is of utmost importance during mitosis and meiosis. Here, we study the assembly and role of a kinetochore module, comprised of the kinase BUB-1, the two redundant CENP-F orthologs HCP-1/2, and the CLASP family member CLS-2 (hereafter termed the BHC module), in the control of microtubule dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes. Using a combination of in vivo structure-function analyses of BHC components and in vitro microtubule-based assays, we show that BHC components stabilize microtubules, which is essential for meiotic spindle formation and accurate chromosome segregation. Overall, our results show that BUB-1 and HCP-1/2 do not only act as targeting components for CLS-2 at kinetochores, but also synergistically control kinetochore-microtubule dynamics by promoting microtubule pause. Together, our results suggest that BUB-1 and HCP-1/2 actively participate in the control of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics in the context of the BHC module to promote accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis.
Safety switch optimization enhances antibody-mediated elimination of CAR T cells
Authors: Shabaneh Tamer B , Moffett Howell F , Stull Sylvia M , Derezes Thomas , Tait Leah J , Park Spencer , Riddell Stan R , Lajoie Marc J 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTActivation of a conditional safety switch has the potential to reverse serious toxicities arising from the administration of engineered cellular therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The functionally inert, non-immunogenic cell surface marker derived from human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRt) is a promising safety switch that has been used in multiple clinical constructs and can be targeted by cetuximab, a clinically available monoclonal antibody. However, this approach requires high and persistent cell surface expression of EGFRt to ensure that antibody mediated depletion of engineered cells is rapid and complete. Here we show that incorporating a short juxtamembrane sequence into the EGFRt polypeptide enhances its expression on the surface of T cells and their susceptibility to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Incorporating this optimized variant (EGFRopt) into bicistronic and tricistronic CAR designs results in more rapid in vivo elimination of CAR T cells and robust termination of their effector activity compared to EGFRt. These studies establish EGFRopt as a superior safety switch for the development of next-generation cell-based therapeutics.
T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis differ between disease-modifying therapies
Authors: Wolf Asia-Sophia , Ravussin Anthony , König Marton , Øverås Mathias H. , Solum Guri , Kjønstad Ingrid Fadum , Chopra Adity , Holmøy Trygve , Harbo Hanne F. , Syversen Silje Watterdal , Jørgensen Kristin Kaasen , Høgestøl Einar August , Vaage Jon Torgils , Celius Elisabeth G. , Lund-Johansen Fridtjof , Munthe Ludvig A. , Nygaard Gro Owren , Mjaaland Siri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImmune responses in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been of significant interest throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Lymphocyte-targeting immunotherapies including anti-CD20 treatments and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators attenuate antibody responses after vaccination. Evaluation of cellular responses after vaccination is therefore of particular importance in these populations. In this study, we analysed CD4 and CD8 T cell functional responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides in healthy controls and pwMS on five different DMTs by flow cytometry. Although pwMS on anti-CD20 and S1PR therapies had low antibody responses after both 2 and 3 vaccine doses, T cell responses in pwMS on anti-CD20 therapies were preserved after a third vaccination, even when additional anti-CD20 treatment was administered between vaccine doses 2 and 3. PwMS taking S1PR modulators had low detectable T cell responses in peripheral blood. CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Delta and Omicron were lower than to the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 variant. Our results indicate the importance of assessing both cellular and humoral responses after vaccination and suggest that even in the absence of robust antibody responses vaccination can generate immune responses in pwMS.
Phenotypic evolution of SARS-CoV-2: a statistical inference approach
Authors: Benhamou Wakinyan , Lion Sébastien , Choquet Rémi , Gandon Sylvain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince its emergence in late 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread globally, causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In the fall of 2020, the Alpha variant (lineage B.1.1.7) was detected in England and spread rapidly, outcompeting the previous lineage. Yet, very little is known about the underlying modifications of the infection process that can explain this selective advantage. Here, we try to quantify how the Alpha variant differed from its predecessor on two phenotypic traits: the transmission rate and the duration of infectiousness. To this end, we analysed the joint epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics as a function of the Stringency Index, a measure of the amount of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions. Assuming that these control measures reduce contact rates and transmission, we developed a two-step approach based onSEIRmodels and the analysis of a combination of epidemiological and evolutionary information. First, we quantify the link between Stringency Index and the reduction in viral transmission. Secondly, based on a novel theoretical derivation of the selection gradient in anSEIRmodel, we infer the phenotype of the Alpha variant from its frequency changes. We show that its selective advantage is more likely to result from a higher transmission than from a longer infectious period.
Communication interventions to promote vaccination uptake: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Castro-Barbudo Daniella , Franco-Suárez Oscar , Pastrana Nathaly Aya , Agudelo-Londoño Sandra , Guzman-Tordecilla Deivis Nicolas , Maniar Vidhi , Vecino-Ortiz Andres 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe use of communication interventions to promote vaccination has been more frequent in this century. These types of interventions have proven to be effective in reaching the majority of the population. Knowing the characteristics and results of communication interventions to foster vaccine uptake is important, especially with the outbreak of new infectious diseases such as the novel coronavirus (SARS CoV-2). This protocol will guide the development of a systematic review of the literature aiming to identify and analyze the evidence of communication interventions to incentivize vaccine uptake among populations living in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsThis systematic review protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The searches for the systematic review will be carried out through five electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Redalyc and PyscInfo. Two individuals will review each paper individually and in parallel using the software Rayyan. Duplicate elimination, title and abstract screening, and full text screening will be performed by the two reviewers. A matrix constructed in Excel will be used to extract data and to review the quality of the studies Quality assessment will be conducted using the QATSDD Critical Appraisal Tool.DiscussionThe results of this systematic review will contribute to the public health literature in the area of behavior change communication in general, and vaccination communication in particular. Findings from this study would also inform the development of communication interventions to improve vaccination uptake in LMICs.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42022355541
How emotions from content social relevance mediate social media engagement: evidence from European supermarkets during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ballerini Jacopo , Alam Gazi Mahabubul , Zvarikova Katarina , Santoro Gabriele 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the antecedents of consumer engagement with supermarkets' social media accounts. Drawing on regulatory fit theory and social sharing of emotions theory, the authors test if the content posted on the social media brand pages of supermarkets dealing with a topic of high social relevance, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, stimulates social media consumer engagement and if and how the engagement is mediated by the arousal of positive and negative emotions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors retrieved data from the Facebook accounts of the top 20 European supermarkets identified in the Deloitte 2020 Global Powers of Retailing report during the first wave of the pandemic from 1 March to 30 June 2020, collecting a sample of 2,524 posts from 8 different countries. After a content analysis to classify COVID-19 content, the authors applied the Baron and Kenny (1986) methodology to verify the hypothesised relationships.FindingsThe findings highlight a positive direct relationship between the social relevance of a topic (COVID-19) and social media consumer engagement mediated by the arousal of positive and negative emotions.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the earliest empirical research using Facebook data to investigate the role of the social relevance of content as an antecedent of social media consumer engagement with a specific focus on supermarkets. The paper contributes to the stream of social media literature investigating the antecedents of social media engagement behaviour, exploring the role of topics' choice and aroused emotions, which to date are both under-investigated.
Impact of asynchronous Web-based learning environment on students' interest and motivation in mathematics: a quantitative research study
Authors: Asad Muhammad Mujtaba , Khan Sidra , Sherwani Fahad , Banerjee Jyoti Sekhar 
Published: August 2022

PurposeInternet technology in the classroom has become the primary demand of every student in this era. Moreover, information and communication technology aids students' learning involvement and progress by providing learning assistance by improved instructor, pupil and interactions with fellows. Using an asynchronous Web-based learning environment (WBLE) is one way to manage such assistance. This study aims to identify to what extent the asynchronous WBLE affects students' interest and motivation in learning mathematics at Shah Abdul Latif University (SALU), Khairpur.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a survey research design under a quantitative approach. Therefore, data are collected through a questionnaire about students' motivation and interest in learning mathematics via asynchronous WBLE. Data are collected from the students of four departments (BEd, BSCS, BBA, BS Mathematics) of SALU, Khairpur. However, as the nature of this study is quantitative, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the results and discussion, and a one-way ANOVA test was used. The Cronbach alpha test was also used to assess the item's reliability, and the items were found to be acceptable.FindingsThe findings of this study discovered that asynchronous WBLE has a significant impact on students' intrinsic, extrinsic and interest levels. The results indicated that there is a positive impact based on the level of mean range of asynchronous WBLE on mathematics students.Research limitations/implicationsThe outcome of this study can be used as a guideline to understand and further plan or develop educational interventions based on the level of motivation and interest of mathematics students towards asynchronous WBLE in other contexts.Originality/valueThis is first study of its nature in the context of Khairpur district of Sindh that emphasizes on the motivation and interest of mathematics students toward asynchronous WBLE.
2008's mistrust vs 2020's panic: can ESG hold your institutional investors?
Authors: Giakoumelou Anastasia , Salvi Antonio , Bertinetti Giorgio Stefano , Micheli Anna Paola 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe authors compare two market collapse incidents, focusing on their role as turning points for ESG considerations among investors that do not fall under the SRI class. The authors draw from the signaling theory to posit that ESG performance acts as a buffer to retain institutional shareholders under stress conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collect extensive data on institutional shareholdings and corporate performance during the pandemic and the 2008 financial crisis to examine the potential of ESG to act as a downward risk hedging mechanism. The authors test whether superior ESG scores function as insurance and resilience signals that lock investors in through times of high probability of divestments.FindingsFindings indicate that ESG weighs in investment decisions during economic downturn and poor returns. The nature of this positive relationship is not static but dynamic contingent on overall risk materiality considerations.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors update regulators, firms, investors and academics on ESG, risk and crisis management. The shifting materiality and the altering impact of ESG practices is our core implication, as well as limitation, in terms of metrics, temporal evolution and interaction with institutional factors, along with portfolio alpha and safe haven potential in ESG asset classes.Originality/valueThe authors extend current literature focusing on portfolio returns and firm valuations to highlight the role of ESG in shareholder retention during poor return periods. The authors further add to existing studies by examining the shifting materiality of ESG pillars during different crisis settings.
The association of screen time with physical activity and weight status of autistic children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Rozaini Muhammad Adeeb Najmi , Sariman Sarina , Abd Rashed Aswir , Shari Norshafarina 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the screen time used by Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children and its association with their physical activity and weight status.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 purposive sampled children registered under the National Autism Society of Malaysia centres in Kuala Lumpur. Parents-administered questionnaire composed of socio-demographic, anthropometric data (height and weight of the children), Autism Severity Questionnaire, Screen Time Questionnaire and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) was used in this study.

Findings
Respondents in this study were categorised as having mild ASD (55%). Most of the respondents had higher screen time (78%), with average (4.14 ± 3.19) h spent using the devices. The respondents had low physical activity level (54%), with average PAQ-C scores of (2.38 ± 0.79). Average BMI-for-age z-scores was 1.06 ± 2.15, which was in the normal category. Approximately, 34% of the respondents were overweight and obese. BMI-for-age was positively associated with screen time during weekdays (χ2 = 11.06; p < 0.05) but not during weekend (χ2 = 3.14; p > 0.05). Spearman correlation test showed negative relationships between screen time on weekdays (rs = −0.30 and p < 0.01) and weekend (rs = −0.21 and p < 0.05) with PAQ-C of this group of ASD children.

Practical implications
Screen time was directly associated with the BMI-for-age z-score but was inversely associated with physical activity. Future studies could implement a structured physical activity intervention among children with ASD, which may increase physical activity and decrease screen time behaviours while addressing the overweight/obesity and cognitive aspects of these ASD children.

Originality/value
This study measured the amount of screen time, level of physical activity and weight status but not dietary intake of autistic children.
Can digital economy alleviate CO2 emissions in the transport sector? Evidence from provincial panel data in China
Authors: Lee Chien‐Chiang , Yuan Ying , Wen Huwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe existing literature mainly focuses on the impact of information communication technologies on carbon emissions, but little attention has been paid to the role of the digital economy in transporting carbon emissions. This paper calculates the index of the digital economy through the entropy weight Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method and constructs the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017. By extending the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology model, this study explores the potential linear and non‐linear relationship between digital economy and carbon emissions in the transport sector. Empirical results show that the digital economy has the alleviating effect on carbon emissions in the transportation sector, and a change in the digital economy of one unit standard deviation resulted in a 6.14% reduction in carbon emissions. In terms of sub‐regions, the digital economy has a significant negative impact on transport carbon emissions in the eastern and central regions, while it is insignificant in the western regions. This paper further investigates the threshold effect of urbanization on the relationship between the digital economy and transportation‐related carbon emissions. The digital economy accelerates the transport sector's carbon emissions in the low urbanization stage, while it reduces the carbon emissions in the high urbanization stage.