bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term seizure outcomes in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: A prospective observational registry study update
Authors: Liu Xu , Guo Kundian , Lin Jingfang , Gong Xue , Li Aiqing , Zhou Dong , Hong Zhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to update and evaluate long‐term seizure outcomes in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) based on a large cohort study with long follow‐up.MethodsIn this prospective observational registry study, we analyzed data from patients with AE mediated by common types of neuronal surface antibodies (anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor [NMDAR], anti‐leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 [LGI1]/contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 [Caspr2], anti‐γ‐aminobutyric acid type B receptor [GABABR]). All patients were recruited from the Department of Neurology at West China Hospital between October 2011 and June 2019, and data were collected prospectively on their demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment strategy, and seizure outcomes, with a median follow‐up of 42 months (range = 6–93 months). Potential risk factors associated with seizure recurrence were also assessed.ResultsOf 320 AE patients, 75.9% had acute seizures, among whom >90% of patients had their last seizure within 12 months of disease onset. During our follow‐up, 21 (9.3%) patients experienced seizure recurrence. Patients with anti‐GABABR encephalitis had a higher cumulative incidence of seizure recurrence than those with anti‐NMDAR (log‐rank p = .03) or anti‐LGI1/Caspr2 encephalitis (log‐rank p = .04). Among patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, women had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of seizure recurrence than men (log‐rank p = .01). Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) or seizures captured on continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) in the acute phase were identified as potential risk factors for seizure recurrence (p = .04, p = .007). Among 163 patients with ≥24 months of follow‐up, five (3.1%) showed persistent seizures and required ongoing antiseizure medications despite aggressive immunotherapy.SignificanceSeizure recurrence occurred in a small number of patients and chronic epilepsy occurred in 3.1% of patients during prolonged follow‐up. Across all types of AE, risk factors for seizure recurrence were IEDs or seizures captured on EEG in the acute phase; for anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, female sex was also a risk factor.
Trade credit in Europe: Financial constraint and substitution effect in crisis times
Authors: Bussoli Candida , Giannotti Claudio , Marino Francesca , Maruotti Antonello 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to prove whether financial rationing condition leads European enterprises to increase trade debt during the period 2008–2016 and whether companies offering deferred payments to customers obtain trade debt from suppliers. The work contributes to the existing literature by finding new empirical evidence on the substitution and matching hypotheses in times of crises, measuring the specific rationing conditions for businesses and distinguishing large, medium, small and micro‐sized companies. The results revealed that, in times of crisis, medium, small and micro firms, highly likely to be constrained, employ trade credit more extensively, as those granting deferred payment terms.
Reducing the incidence of domestic violence: An observational study of an equine‐assisted intervention
Authors: Hemingway Ann , Sullivan Kezia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper is presenting results from an observational study which has measured the impact of an equine‐assisted education (EAE) intervention on the future occurrence of domestic violence within the family over 1 year following completion of the intervention as part of the troubled families program. The data analyzed were collected by the local authority troubled family's team from the different agencies involved including crime, health, and social care data. The data were analyzed and compared across four groups, those families on the troubled families program who had a key worker with a member or members who had attended and completed the equine‐assisted intervention (n = 268); those families who were on the troubled families program but no support had been offered (n = 10,569), those families who were on the program and were being supported by a key worker only (n = 2119), and those families on the program who were being supported by a key worker and had received further support, not from the equine‐assisted intervention (N = 1119). Significant reductions in domestic violence and child in need status were found for those families who had a member or members attend and complete the equine‐assisted intervention under study. Those families referred to the equine‐assisted intervention also had significantly more complex needs than those in the other groups. Referrals to this intervention are normally for those families for whom talk‐based interventions such as parenting, or education‐based interventions are not working.
Salted roads lead to oedema and reduced locomotor function in amphibian populations
Authors: Brady Steven P. , Goedert Debora , Frymus Lauren E. , Zamora‐Camacho Francisco Javier , Smith Peter C. , Zeiss Caroline J. , Comas Mar , Abbott Timothy A. , Basu Silvia P. , DeAndressi Jason C. , Forgione Mia E. , Maloney Michael J. , Priester Joseph L. , Senturk Faruk , Szeligowski Richard V. , Tucker Alina S. , Zhang Mason , Calsbeek Ryan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuman activities have caused massive losses of natural populations across the globe. Like many groups, amphibians have experienced substantial declines worldwide, driven by environmental changes such as habitat conversion, pollution, and disease emergence. Each of these drivers is often found in close association with the presence of roads.Here we report a novel consequence of roads affecting an amphibian native to much of North America, the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Across 38 populations distributed from southern to central New England, we found that adult wood frogs living adjacent to roads had higher incidence and severity of oedema (indicated by obvious bloating caused by subcutaneous fluid accumulation) during the breeding season than frogs living away from the influence of roads. This effect was best explained by increased conductivity of breeding ponds, probably caused by runoff pollution from road salt used for de‐icing. Oedema severity was negatively correlated with locomotor performance in more northerly populations.Interestingly, northern populations experience more intense winters, which tends to result in more de‐icing salt runoff and increased energetic demands associated with overwintering cryoprotection needs. Thus, this emerging consequence of roads appears to impose potential fitness costs associated with locomotion, and these effects might be most impactful on populations living in regions where de‐icing is most intense.Together, our findings reveal a novel set of impacts of roads and runoff pollution on wood frog physiology and performance, which seem likely to contribute to population decline. Given the global prevalence of roads and increasing salinisation of freshwater habitats, oedema and related impacts could be widespread consequences faced by amphibian populations across much of the planet's temperate zones.
Coral calcification and carbonate production in the eastern tropical Pacific: The role of branching and massive corals in the reef maintenance
Authors: Tortolero‐Langarica J. J. Adolfo , Rodríguez‐Troncoso Alma P. , Cupul‐Magaña Amílcar L. , Morales‐de‐Anda Diana E. , Caselle Jennifer E. , Carricart‐Ganivet Juan P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHermatypic corals have the potential to construct calcium carbonate (CaCO3) reef‐framework, maintain habitats tridimensionality and contribute to both the biogeochemical and the geo‐ecological functionality of coral reefs. However, in the past decades, coral reef growth capacity has been affected by multiple and cumulative anthropogenic stressors, threating the reef functionality and their ecosystem goods and services provision to humankind. This study evaluated temporal changes in geobiological growth characteristics as a function of live coral cover, calcification rate (extension rate and skeletal density) and coral carbonate production at Islas Marias archipelago from the eastern tropical Pacific, using historical data obtained in 2007 (López‐Pérez et al., 2015,Marine Ecology, 37, 679) and data obtained through field and laboratory research between 2015 and 2018. Overall, live coral cover decreased (82%), wherePocilloporaspp. corals reduced from 26% in 2007 to 4% in 2018, in contrast,Pavonaspp. declined from 4.1% to 3.7% over the same period. Coral carbonate production ranged between 1.78 and 10.65 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1, with a significant difference (threefold) between reef zones (shallow vs deep), highlighting the higher carbonate production at deep‐reef sites. Coral cover, carbonate production and sclerocronological characteristics showed a decrease rate (between 30 and 60%) associated with thermal anomaly events such as La Niña (2010–2011) and El Niño (2014–2016), with positive sights of recovery (twofold) during the following years 2017–2018. This study provides evidence that massivePavonaand branchingPocilloporacorals are key reef‐building species at Islas Marias archipelago, due to their capability of sustaining live coral coverage and carbonate through thermal disturbance periods. Revealing, that corals at mid‐water depths (>10 m) may significantly contribute to the long‐term stability of biogenic reef‐framework, and geo‐ecological functionality of the eastern tropical Pacific reefs.
HIV/AIDS post‐exposure prophylaxis knowledge and uptake among health professionals in Africa: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tekalign Tiwabwork , Awoke Nefsu , Eshetu Kirubel , Gelaw Walle Belete , Teshome Guta Mistire 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers in developing countries are at particularly increased risk of infections from blood‐borne pathogens because of the high prevalence of such pathogens in their communities as well as the lack of basic personal protective equipment, such as gloves, gowns and goggles. For those exposed healthcare workers, the immediate administration of antiretroviral drugs following exposure to potentially infected blood or other bodily fluids is essential in order to minimize the risk of acquiring HIV infection. This review is aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of knowledge and uptake of post‐exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers in Africa.MethodsWe accessed PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, African Journals Online (AJOL), Journal Storage (JSTOR) and EMBASE. The search for unpublished studies included Google and institutional repositories were also used. This meta‐analysis follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta‐analysis was carried out with a random‐effects method using STATA v.14 software.ResultsOut of 654 692 studies retrieved, 37 studies from four African regions involving 6482 healthcare providers were included in this meta‐analysis. The overall estimated pooled uptake and knowledge of HIV/AIDS post‐exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers in Africa using a random‐effects model were 40.09% (95% CI: 30.14–50.04) and 57.67% (95% CI: 44.32–71.01) respectively, whereas the highest uptake and knowledge were 45.48% (95% CI: 24.79–66.17) and 61.37% (95% CI: 46.39–76.36) in the southern and eastern regions, respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this meta‐analysis indicated that the knowledge and uptake of post‐exposure prophylaxis, one of the best approaches to tackling HIV/AIDS transmission, are significantly low. Therefore, healthcare organizations should work on strategies to increase knowledge and uptake of post‐exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers.RegistrationProspero (ID: CRD42021244003).
Impact of kernel development on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in Castanea henryi
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Chen Jiayu , Xiao Gengsheng , Chen Ling , Guo Xinbo 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe changes in the phenolic profiles during the kernel development of two varieties of Castanea henryi (‘Jinzhui’ (YS) and ‘Baiyan No.1’ (WS)) were investigated based on content levels and gene expression levels. The results showed that the total phenolic content (TPC) increased during the Castanea henryi development and were mainly dependent on the content variation of gallic acid and (‐)‐epicatechin. Gene C4H positively affected the accumulation of p‐coumaric acid, while gene CHI and F3H positively affected the biosynthesis of (‐)‐epicatechin. Four assays including DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and ORAC were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant quality of Castanea henryi extracts. The results showed that the Castanea henryi developed at S4 (stage 4) possessed the better antioxidant quality. In addition, in both varieties, FRAP and ORAC value were more likely to be influenced by the variation of gallic acid and (‐)‐epicatechin concentrations, respectively. The DPPH value in YS was dependent on the syringic acid and the gallic acid content in WS.
Precooked sorghum flour as proper vehicle of ACE‐I and DPP‐IV inhibitory sorghum peptides
Authors: Cian Raúl E. , Albarracín Micaela , Garzón Antonela G. , Drago Silvina R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSorghum flour was heat treated for producing an instant dispersion ingredient. The precooked sorghum flour was added with ACE‐I and DPP‐IV inhibitory sorghum peptides (3.0 g peptide 100 g−1). The product was reconstituted in water, and peptide bioaccessibility was evaluated by equilibrium dialysis method after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Total peptide dialysability of precooked sorghum flour added with sorghum peptides was higher than those obtained for precooked sorghum flour (315.9 ± 14.8 vs. 45.2 ± 5.6 µmol, respectively) (P < 0.05). The ACE‐I and DPP‐IV‐IC50 values of the bioaccessible peptides from the bioactive product were lower than those obtained for precooked sorghum flour ingredient (1.04 ± 0.12 vs. 1.82 ± 0.09 and 0.86 ± 0.02 vs. 2.12 ± 0.08 mg protein mL−1, for ACE‐I and DPP‐IV, respectively) indicating a higher activity. Precooked sorghum flour was a good vehicle since it did not affect the bioaccessibility of ACE‐I and DPP‐IV inhibitory peptides provided by sorghum protein hydrolysate.
Au and Co3O4 anchored Bi2WO6 with enhanced electron paramagnetic resonance, surface plasmon resonance, nonlinear and magnetic properties
Authors: Chen Qiuling , Chen Weihao , Miao Baoji , Fan Jianhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe combination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect with hetero‐p–n structure shows promising benefits to optical linear and nonlinear properties. In this study, Au nanoparticles (NPs) decorated p–n hetero‐structured Co3O4/Bi2WO6 composite was synthesized and characterized in terms of the optical linear and nonlinear and magnetic properties, morphology, electron transition, charge transfer, energy band gap, polarizability, SPR effect, and oxygen vacancies using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Z‐scan, ultraviolet–visible spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The combination of Co3O4 provided active 3d electrons transition and charge transfer which increased carriers’ concentration and reduced the energy band gap. Au SPR enhanced the internal polarization and strengthened the built‐in electric field, yielding strong nonlinear behavior. In addition, magnetic Co3O4 endowed sample with room‐temperature ferromagnetism which was obviously strengthened by Au NPs. The obtained sample is promising for laser and photonics applications.
Using point data to assess biogeographical signal, endemicity and factors associated with macrofungal diversity in the data‐poor Pacific oceanic island bioregion
Authors: Osmundson Todd W. , Bergemann Sarah E. , Rasmussen Rikke , Garbelotto Matteo M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimOceanic hotspot archipelagos are important systems for studying evolutionary and ecological processes; however, studies of macrofungi in these habitats are extremely limited. We assessed diversity across habitat types, using DNA point data to draw inferences about biogeographical signal, endemicity and potential radiation for fungi of a representative isolated island (Moorea, French Polynesia) within the poorly known South Pacific bioregion, comparing resulting patterns to those previously inferred for more comprehensively sampled plants and animals.LocationMoorea and Tahiti, French Polynesia.TaxonFungi (Basidiomycota, Ascomycota).MethodsMorphological characters and similarity assessment of rDNA‐ITS sequence data were used to measure diversity and habitat associations. A Monte Carlo simulation method was developed to detect biogeographical signal and assess its significance.ResultsA total of 553 specimens yielded 205 morphospecies; 433 sequenced specimens yielded a molecular:morphological richness ratio of 1.24:1. Approximately 58% of sequences lacked a close (≥98%) GenBank match. Community composition differed by vegetation type, with highest similarity between forest types occupying similar low‐elevation habitats. A predominant Australian/Oceanean biogeographical signal was detected.Main conclusionsMoorea fungi exhibit a strong Australian biogeographical affinity as reported for other taxa, supplemented by more recent introductions. Like Society Islands plants and animals, macrofungi may have high endemism. Morphological evidence does not indicate that intra‐island radiation has occurred, though molecular evidence suggests possible cryptic speciation. Habitat types differ in their biogeographical affinities, but habitat does not appear to be driving radiation. This study introduces a robust method for inferring biogeographical signal using sequence database comparisons, applicable to other taxa and systems for which only point data are available.
Life expectancy for community‐dwelling persons with dementia and severe disability
Authors: Harrison Krista L. , Ritchie Christine S. , Hunt Lauren J. , Patel Kanan , Boscardin W. John , Yaffe Kristine , Smith Alexander K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding life expectancy can help persons with dementia, their care partners, and policymakers plan for what lies ahead. We sought to determine life expectancy and predictors of mortality for community‐dwelling persons with dementia and severe disability.MethodsUsing the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) linked to Medicare claims, we identified community‐dwelling respondents age 65+ who entered NHATS in 2011 with dementia and severe disability (defined as three impairments in activities of daily living), or who subsequently met criteria for dementia and then severe disability. We estimated time to death based on the timing of meeting severe disability criteria. We conducted parametric survival analyses using a Gompertz distribution to calculate risk of death and predicted median time to death. Predictors included demographic, functional, clinical characteristics, and behavioral symptoms (assessed among NHATS respondents with proxy interviews).ResultsAmong 842 community‐dwelling persons with dementia and severe disability, 80.5% died during the study period. After adjusting for age and gender, overall predicted median time to death was 1.7 years (25th percentile 0.6, 75th percentile 3.8 years). Six notable characteristics were associated with shorter life expectancy: 1) older age (90+), with a predicted median time to death of 1.0 year (0.4, 2.1); 2) being bedbound, 1.1 years (0.4, 2.3); 3) being homebound, 1.2 years (0.5, 2.6); 4) having comorbid cancer, 1.2 years (0.5, 2.6); 5) unintended weight loss, 1.4 years (0.5, 3.1); and 6) comorbid depression, 1.5 years (0.6, 3.3).ConclusionsCommunity‐dwelling persons with dementia and severe disability lived a median of 1.7 years. Clinicians can use the study findings to provide anticipatory guidance to patients and care partners, and policymakers to inform design of longitudinal supportive services.
Hip medial rotator action of gluteus medius in Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) and implications to adaptive significance for quadrupedal walking in primates
Authors: Shitara Tetsuya , Goto Ryosuke , Ito Kohta , Hirasaki Eishi , Nakano Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe gluteus medius (GM) muscle in quadrupedal primates has long been thought to mainly act as a hip extensor. However, previous reports argue that it may be a prime hip medial rotator and functions to rotate the pelvis in the horizontal plane, suggesting the functional differentiation between the GM and other hip extensors as hamstrings. In this study, we aim to quantify the muscle actions of the GM and hamstrings using muscle moment arm lengths and discuss the functional differentiation among hip extensors. Muscle attachment sites of eight specimens of Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) were digitized, and musculoskeletal models were constructed. Flexor‐extensor, abductor‐adductor, and medial‐lateral rotator moment arms were calculated as the models were moved following the experimentally acquired kinematic data during walking on a pole substrate. Using electromyography, we also recorded the pattern of muscle activation. The GM showed a larger medial rotator moment arm length than the extensor moment arm length when it was activated, suggesting this muscle acts mainly as a hip medial rotator rather than as a hip extensor. The medial rotator action of the GM in the early support phase may rotate the pelvis in the horizontal plane and function to help contralateral forelimb reaching as a previous study suggested and facilitate contralateral hindlimb swinging to place the foot near the ipsilateral forelimb's hand.
Clinical commentary about foreign body complications over 20 years after polymethyl‐methacrylate face implants and control of late sequelae with Polynucleotides Highly Purified Technology (PN‐HPT®)
Authors: Palmieri Isabella Pia , Raichi Mauro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMainly in the past, foreign body complications, including granuloma, were pretty frequent after semi‐permanent polymethyl‐methacrylate (PMMA) implants.ResultsThe authors describe a twenty‐year history of recurring post‐PMMA complications interspersed by long uneventful years, with acute edematous side effects evolving into unpleasant skin dystrophia with persistent cutis laxa. The case report also discusses a simple clinical algorithm to discriminate among foreign body complications with particular attention to granulomas.ConclusionsThe authors conclude by discussing the benefits of the anti‐dystrophic treatment with natural‐origin remodeling PN‐HPT® (Polynucleotides Highly Purified Technology).