bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Nocturnal Enuresis and Decreased Body Height in Children
Authors: Ma Jun , Mao Yi , Zhong Shaogen , Zhang Anyi , Zheng Xiangyu , Li Shenghui , Jin Xingming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) occurs in 4-18% of children aged ≥5 years, and is associated with sleep disorders, behavioral problems and impaired intellectual development. The present work aimed to assess whether NE is associated with height in children.Methods: Demographic and clinical data of 21,258 children were extracted from a large-sample sleep survey database. Multivariate linear regression analysis, after adjustment for sex, age, ethnicity, sleep time, activity level, method of delivery and maternal age, was carried out to analyze the difference in height between children with NE and healthy controls for various age groups. Factors independently predicting NE were identified by multivariable analysis.Results: The NE group had reduced height, higher proportion of males, lower activity level, lower household income and greater use of light during sleep in comparison with the control group. Height difference between NE cases and healthy controls increased with age, reaching 2-3 cm at 11-12 years of age, and was greater in girls than in boys aged up to 10 years. Conclusions: The negative effect of NE on children's height increases with age and is more pronounced in girls than in boys. Early treatment of NE might limit its detrimental effects on children's growth.
Characteristics of Pleural Effusion with a High Adenosine Deaminase Level: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Shimoda Masafumi , Hirata Aya , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Morimoto Kozo , Yoshiyama Takashi , Yoshimori Kozo , Saraya Takeshi , Ishii Haruyuki , Ohta Ken 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Increased pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) is useful for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy (TB), but ADA levels can also be high in other diseases. In this study, we compare various disease characteristics in patients with high-ADA pleural effusion.Methods: We retrospectively collected data for 456 patients with pleural fluid ADA levels of ≥40 U/L from January 2012 to October 2021. Cases were classified as TB (n=203), pleural infection (n=112), malignant pleural effusion (n=63), nontuberculous mycobacteria (n=22), malignant lymphoma (ML) (n=18), autoimmune diseases (n=11), and other diseases (n=27) and compared diagnostic criteria. Predictive factors were identified by comparing data for a target disease to those for all other diseases. A diagnostic flowchart for TB was developed based on those factors.Results: The most frequent disease was TB, though 60.0% of patients were diagnosed with other diseases. Median ADA levels in patients with tuberculous pleurisy were 83.1 U/L (interquartile range [IQR] 67.2-104.1), higher than those of patients with pleural infection (median 60.9 [IQR 45.3-108.0], p=0.004), malignant pleural effusion (median 54.1 [IQR 44.8-66.7], p<0.001), or autoimmune diseases (median 48.5 [IQR 45.9-58.2], p=0.008), with no significant difference from NTM (p=1.000) or ML (p=1.000). Pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels of <825 IU/L were beneficial for the diagnosis of TB. Neutrophil predominance or cell degeneration, white blood cell count of ≥9,200/µL or C-reactive protein levels of ≥12 mg/dL helped diagnose pleural infection. Pleural fluid amylase levels of ≥75 U/L and pleural fluid ADA/total protein (TP) ratio of <14 helped diagnose malignant pleural effusion. High serum LDH and high serum/pleural fluid eosinophils helped diagnose ML and autoimmune diseases, respectively. The flowchart was comprised of the following three factors: pleural fluid LDH <825 IU/L, pleural fluid ADA/TP of <14, and neutrophil predominance or cell degeneration, which were decided by a decision tree. The diagnostic accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy were 80.9%, 78.8%, and 82.6% in the flowchart, respectively.Conclusion: Cases involving high pleural fluid ADA levels should be investigated using several factors to distinguish TB from other diseases.
Optical coherence tomography and convolutional neural networks can differentiate colorectal liver metastases from liver parenchyma ex vivo.
Authors: Amygdalos Iakovos , Hachgenei Enno , Burkl Luisa , Vargas David , Goßmann Paul , Wolff Laura I. , Druzenko Mariia , Frye Maik , Schmitt Robert H. , König Niels , Chrysos Alexandros , Jöchle Katharina , Ulmer Tom F. , Lambertz Andreas , Knüchel-Clarke Ruth , Neumann Ulf P. , Lang Sven A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technology based on low-coherence interferometry, which provides noninvasive, high-resolution cross-sectional images of biological tissues. A potential clinical application is the intraoperative examination of resection margins, as a real-time adjunct to histological examination. In this ex vivo study, we investigated the ability of OCT to differentiate colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) from healthy liver parenchyma, when combined with convolutional neural networks (CNN).Methods:Between June and August 2020, consecutive adult patients undergoing elective liver resections for CRLM were included in this study. Fresh resection specimens were scanned ex vivo, before fixation in formalin, using a table-top OCT device at 1310nm wavelength. Scanned areas were marked and histologically examined. A pre-trained CNN (Xception) was used to match OCT scans to their corresponding histological diagnoses. To validate the results, a stratified k-fold cross-validation (CV) was carried out.Results:A total of 26 scans (containing approx. 26,500 images in total) were obtained from 15 patients. Of these, 13 were of normal liver parenchyma and 13 of CRLM. The CNN distinguished CRLM from healthy liver parenchyma with an F1-score of 0.93 (0.03), and a sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 (0.04) and 0.93 (0.04), respectively.Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography combined with CNN can distinguish between healthy liver and CRLM with great accuracy ex vivo. Further studies are needed to improve upon these results and develop in vivo diagnostic technologies, such as intraoperative scanning of resection margins.
Interview survey on the role of occupational physicians in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Authors: Igarashi Yu , Tateishi Seiichiro , Sawajima Tomoko , Kikuchi Kodai , Kawasumi Mika , Matsuoka Juri , Harada Arisa , Mori Koji 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had various impacts on businesses and workers. Occupational physicians (OPs) are expected to actively support employers' efforts to minimize the damage of the pandemic. However, there is little research on the role of these specialists during a pandemic. Clarification of the contributions of OPs to workplace health in the COVID-19 pandemic will be of value so that they can be effectively deployed the next time a similar significant emergency affects a large population.
Methods
We employed semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts. Twenty OPs were selected as priority candidates from among 600 OPs certificated of the JSOH, and thirteen who met the eligibility criteria agreed to participate. We extracted meaning units (MUs) from interview transcripts according to the research question: "What was the role of OP in the COVID-19 pandemic?" and condensed and categorized them.
Results
A total of 503 MUs were extracted from the transcripts. These were abstracted into 10 condensed MUs and two categories. Categories 1 and 2 dealt with “Role in confronting the direct effects of the pandemic” and “Role in confronting the indirect effects of the pandemic” and accounted for 434 (86.3%) and 69 (13.7%) MUs, respectively.
Conclusion
This study identified the role of OPs in Japan in the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that they made a wide range of contributions to the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic. We hope our findings will help OPs during future pandemics or other long-term emergency situations.
Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in the optical signal from a fluorescent voltage- sensitive dye by introducing excitation light with extremely wide bandwidth
Authors: Hama Noriyuki , Ito Shin-Ichi , Hirota Akihiko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Optical recording with a voltage-sensitive dye is a powerful tool for the functional analysis of many excitable tissues, including the central nervous system and heart, because of its ability to simultaneously monitor the membrane potential from many portions. However, the signal-to-noise ratio of optical signals is usually poor, especially in experiments using epifluorescence optical systems. To achieve a signal-to-noise ratio sufficiently high enough for analysis of subthreshold activity, the averaging method is often used. However, the necessity of data averaging restricts the adaptation of the optical recordings. Since the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signal is correlated with fluorescence intensity, higher fluorescence intensity is desirable. In this study, we introduced an excitation light with extremely wide bandwidth produced by an extremely wide bandpass filter. Consequently, we obtained significantly increased fluorescence intensity, and thus, a higher signal-to-noise ratio, without changing the light source intensity. The signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signal achieved by the present method is sufficiently high enough for analysis in a single-sweep recording.
Radiomics for predicting MGMT status in cerebral glioblastoma: comparison of different MRI sequences
Authors: Zheng Fei , Zhang Lingling , Chen Hongyan , Zang Yuying , Chen Xuzhu , Li Yiming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose Using radiomics to predict O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and compare the performance of different MRI sequences.Methods Preoperative MRI scans from 215 patients were included in this retrospective study. After image preprocessing and feature extraction, two kinds of machine-learning (ML) models were established and compared for their performances. One kind was established using all MRI sequences (T1WI, T2WI, contrast enhancement (CE), FLAIR, DWI_b_high, DWI_b_low, and ADC), and the other kind was based on single MRI sequences as listed above.Results For the ML model based on all sequences, a total of 7 radiomic features were selected with the Maximum Relevance and Minimum Redundancy algorithm. The predictive accuracy was 0.993 and 0.750 in the training and validation sets, respectively, and the area under curves (AUCs) were 1.000 and 0.754 in the two sets respectively. For the ML model based on single sequences, the numbers of selected features were 8, 10, 10, 13,9, 7, and 6 for T1WI, T2WI, CE, FLAIR, DWI_b_high, DWI_b_low, and ADC, respectively, with predictive accuracies of 0.797~1.000 and 0.583~0.694 in the training and validation sets respectively, and the AUCs of 0.874~1.000 and 0.538~0.697 in the two sets, respectively. Specifically, T1WI-based model performed best while CE-based model performed worst in the independent validation set.Conclusion The ML models based on different single MRI sequences performed differently in predicting MGMT status in glioblastoma, while the ML model based on the combination of all sequences performed best.
Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data reveals an immunostimulatory microenvironment in tumor thrombus of osteosarcoma
Authors: Ji Tao , Shi Qianyu , Mei Song , Liang Haijie , Xie Lu , Ren Tingting , Sun Kunkun , Li Dasen , Tang Xiaodong , Zhang Peng , Guo Wei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Tumor thrombus is a devastating complication of cancer. It has long been known that the tumor thrombus of bone sarcomas represents a unique reservoir for various types of cancer and immune cells, however, the systematic investigation of tumor thrombus at a single-cell level is very limited. And it is still an open question to identify the thrombus-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) that is associated with the tumor-adaptive immune response, which may directly contribute to tumor progression, metastases, and drug response.
Methods
We seek to define distinct features of the thrombus microenvironment by analyzing bulk tissue and single-cell level transcriptome from the paired thrombus and primary tumor samples of osteosarcoma (OS) patients. Additional osteosarcoma tissue specimens were analyzed by Multiplexed immunofluorescence staining (mIF) and immune markers were digitally quantified.
Results
OS tumor thrombus was found to have upregulated IFN-γ and TGF-β signalings that were related to immune surveillance of circulating tumor cells in blood circulation. The elevated IFN-γ signaling suggested that circulating OS cells could be recognized and activate the immune system since IFN-γ is vital for cellular immunity and initiation of the anti-tumor immune response. The single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that tumor thrombus had a higher proportion of tumor-associated macrophages with M1-like states (TAM-M1) and TAM-M1 with high expression of CCL4, indicating an immunostimulatory TME in OS tumor thrombus. Further mIF staining of the CD3/CD4/CD8A/CD68/CCL4 markers validated the immunostimulatory state in the tumor thrombus samples.
Conclusions
The current study first reported the transcriptome differences at a single-cell level between tumor thrombus and primary tumor in sarcoma. We observed an immunostimulatory microenvironment in OS tumor thrombus with upregulated IFN-γ and TGF-β signalings. This study depicted the immune microenvironment in the early stages of OS metastasis and provided deeper insights into the TME alterations during metastasis.
CXCR6+ tumor-associated macrophages identify immunoevasive colon cancer patients with poor prognosis but favorable response to adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Chang Jiang , Lin Songbin , Mao Yihao , Xu Yuqiu , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wu Qi , Chen Yijiao , Zheng Peng , Jiang Yudong , Zhang Zhuojian , Shen Feifan , Wei Ye , Feng Qingyang , Xu Jianmin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
For high-risk II stage and III stage colon cancer (CC), the side effects and prognostic benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy need to be balanced. It is well known that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key role in tumor progression and exist as heterogenous subpopulations. However, the clinical significance of them remains unknown.
Methods
Two independent cohorts of 360 and 126 consecutive colon cancer patients were enrolled from two medical centers of Zhongshan Hospital. The association of CXCR6 + TAMs with clinicalpathological characteristcs, prognosis and response to different duration of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) after radical surgery was analyzed. Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the density of CXCR6 + TAMs and activated CD8 + T cells. The cytokines from peripheral blood were also recorded to explore the immune microenvironment.
Results
The infiltration of CXCR6 + TAMs was higher in tissues, and increased with tumor stage. High density of CXCR6 + TAMs predicted worse overall survival (OS) in all CC patients, and was an independent risk factor verified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. For high-risk II stage and III stage patients with high density of CXCR6 + TAMs, better disease-free survival (DFS) and OS were observed in 6-month treatment group, especially for those who were male, mucinous, tumor size ≤ 4 cm, without nerve invasion and pMMR. There was a negative relationship between the density of CXCR6 + TAMs and CD8 + T cells, as well as activated CD8 + T cells. Higher level of IL-6, lower level of IL-2R and TNF-α were expressed in high CXCR6 + TAMs patients, which indicated that CXCR6 + TAMs contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Conclusion
s CXCR6 + TAMs predicted prognosis and response to different durations of ACT in CC patients. CXCR6 + TAMs were asscoiated an immunosuppressive microenvironment and suppressed the activation of CD8 + T cells.
Mediating Effect of Sleep Disturbance and Rumination on Work-related Burnout of Nurses Treating Patients with Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Zarei Salman , Fooladvand Khadijeh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has created significant and unprecedented psychological distress on nurses working with COVID-19 patients. Nurses dealing with such psychological distress are prone to burnout. This study examined the mediating role of sleep disturbance and rumination in the association between psychological distress and work-related burnout of nurses treating COVID-19 patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 26th February to 16th March 2021, on a sample of 250 nurses who were actively working during the COVID-19 pandemic in five referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory [OLBI], Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], and Ruminative Responses Scale [RRS] were used to collect data. Data analysis was based on pearson’ correlation analysis and path analysis.Results: Psychological distress has a significant effect on job burnout [p<0.001]. When sleep disturbances were modeled as a mediator, path coefficients of psychological distress showed a significant effect on job burnout [p<0.01]. Also, according to the findings, rumination poses a significant mediating effect on the association between psychological distress and job burnout [p< 0.05].Conclusion: This study demonstrated the importance of designing psychological interventions intended to reduce sleep disturbances and rumination when experiencing stressful events to avoid job burnout among nurses.
The value of local anaesthetic freehand transperineal biopsies in the outpatient setting without antibiotic
Authors: Yang Rui , Jiang Xiao-lu , Yang Kui Ou , Sun Jia-ning , Zhang Feng , Yuan He-jia , Feng Fan , Dou Wei-chao , Wu Ji-Tao , Zhao Hong-wei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the efficacy of freehand transperineal prostate biopsies (FTPB) under local anaesthetic (LA) in the outpatient setting without antibiotic.
Methods
A total of 218 patients suspicious of prostate cancer (PCa) at the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were analyzed retrospectively from January 2020 to September 2021. All patients were biopsy-naive and had no history of PCa. Suspicious areas on mpMRI were defined and graded using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2). FTPB were performed for each suspicious lesion and followed a 12-core systematic transperineal prostate biopsy (STPB) under LA in the outpatient setting without antibiotic. Histopathological outcomes and complications were recorded. Tolerability was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS) assessing discomfort caused by probe, LA injections and biopsies.
Results
PCa was detected in 129 (59.17%) patients and 104 (47.71%) were clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). There was exact agreement between FTPB and STPB in 94 (72.88%) patients. FTPB diagnosed 7 cases less PCa than STPB (115 vs 108 cases, P = 0.311) and 19 cases more csPCa than STPB (93 vs 74 cases, P < 0.001). Compared to FTPB alone, the combination of systematic biopsy led to 21 more prostate cancer and 1 more csPCa diagnoses. LA FTPB was well tolerated and no patients developed severe complications (Clavien-Dindo III/IV/V).
Conclusions
FTPB under LA in the outpatient setting without antibiotic was safe, feasible and efficient.
Loneliness in young adulthood: a protocol for a scoping review of the quantitative and qualitative literature.
Authors: Kirwan Emma , O’Súilleabháin Páraic S. , Burns Annette , McMahon Jennifer , Summerville Sarah , Creaven Ann-Marie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLoneliness refers to the distressing feeling that accompanies the experience of perceiving the quantity or quality of one’s social relationships as inadequate (1). There is increasing recognition of the prevalence of loneliness in young adults. Despite this, there is no existing scoping review on loneliness in young adulthood. Young adults (18-25 years) are in a critical life stage involving diverse social, demographic, biological and cognitive transitions which may affect the development of loneliness. Evidence that loneliness is a risk factor for poorer mental and physical health further emphasises the need to understand the experience in this age group. Therefore, the aim of our scoping review is to provide a summary of the quantitative and qualitative literature on loneliness in young adulthood. MethodsThe proposed scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework for scoping reviews. Peer-reviewed journal articles and grey literature in the form of reports or difficult-to-locate studies will be identified by: (a) electronic database searching, (b) contacting national and international researchers in the field, and (c) by posting general requests for relevant information on Twitter. We will include all study designs published in English from 2000 to 2021 where loneliness (defined as subjective) is a key focus of the work and the mean age of participants is ≥ 18 and ≤ 25 years. Editorials, commentaries, opinion pieces, dissertations, and book chapters will be excluded. Articles will be selected for inclusion following screening of titles/abstracts succeeded by full-text screening. Results will be presented in a narrative form to provide a descriptive summary of the literature on loneliness in young adults. DiscussionThe results of this scoping review will provide an up-to-date overview of available research related to loneliness in young adults and will inform our future research in the area. Results will be shared through a peer-reviewed journal publication and conference presentations. RegistrationThis protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) available at: https://osf.io/jfcmp.
Faster Grasping of High-Calorie Food Objects in Virtual Reality
Authors: Schroeder Philipp A , Collantoni Enrico , Lohmann Johannes , Butz Martin V. , Plewnia Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Theoretical models and behavioral studies indicate faster approach behavior for high-calorie food (approach bias) among healthy participants. A previous study with Virtual Reality (VR) and online motion-capture quantified this approach bias towards food and non-food cues in a controlled VR environment with hand movements. The aim of this study was to test the specificity of a manual approach bias for high-calorie food in grasp movements compared to low-calorie food and neutral objects of different complexity, namely, simple balls and geometrically more complex office tools.Methods: In a VR setting, healthy participants repeatedly grasped or pushed high-calorie food, low-calorie food, balls and office tools in randomized order with 30 item repetitions. All objects were rated for valence and arousal. Results: High-calorie food was less attractive and more arousing in subjective ratings than low-calorie food and neutral objects. Movement onset was faster for high-calorie food in push-trials, but overall push responses were comparable. In contrast, responses to high-calorie food relative to low-calorie food and to control objects were faster in grasp trials for later stages of interaction (grasp and collect). Non-parametric tests confirmed an approach bias for high-calorie food. Conclusion: A behavioral bias for food was specific to high-calorie food objects. More systematic variations of object fidelity and in clinical populations are outstanding. The utility of VR in assessing approach behavior is confirmed in this study by exploring manual interactions in a controlled environment. Level of evidence: Basic science