bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The necessity of considering founder kinships in conservation breeding programs
Authors: Rabier R. , Erlichman A. , Lesobre L. , Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConservation breeding programs pursue the double objective of preserving genetic diversity and producing individuals to support in situ conservation measures. Genetic management and monitoring are commonly based on pedigree analyses and are therefore dependent on the pedigree quality and the underlying assumption that founders of the captive population are neither inbred nor related to each other or to the captive population. Should founders be related, this assumption may lead to an overestimation of genetic diversity and an underestimation of inbreeding in captivity. In this study, we examined the effects of the founder assumption on estimates of genetic diversity by combining three approaches: (1) computer simulations of pedigrees of theoretical captive populations and their associated in situ source populations, (2) analysis of pedigrees of real conservation breeding programs and (3) microsatellite‐based computation of kinship among founders from a captive population of houbara bustard. The theoretical approach revealed that the captive population's average mean kinship Mk increases linearly with founder average Mk. The bias in Mk due to the founder assumption was strongly related to the effective size of the source population and to pedigree quality while remaining critical after 25 generations of captivity. Results based on real populations were consistent with theoretical ones and confirmed the overestimation of genetic diversity in captive populations. Overall, our results indicate that under situations classically encountered in conservation breeding programs (e.g. small and isolated source population, incomplete pedigrees), estimates of genetic diversity are potentially highly overestimated, challenging the genetic management of captive populations of species of conservation concern.
Decidualization‐derived cAMP promotes decidual NK cells to be angiogenic phenotype
Authors: Jin Xueling , Mao Lie , Zhao Weijie , Liu Lu , Li Yanhong , Li Dajin , Zhang Ying , Du Meirong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring early pregnancy, a large number of CD56bright natural killer cells (NKs) are accumulated in the decidua; unlike peripheral and cord blood NK cells (pNK and cNK), these decidual NK cells (dNK) display a great capacity to secrete a series of angiogenic/vascular factors, which are essential for placental development. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of dNK cells with an angiogenic phenotype remains unclear.MethodsFirst, we compared the difference between dNK and cNK/pNK cells in terms of the expression of CD56 and VEGF, and the regulation of the tube formation. The effect of cAMP on the differentiation of NK cells was evaluated by its analog and inhibitor stimulation. We further analyzed the differences in the phenotype of dNK cells and the expression of VEGF in dNK cells from normal pregnancies and miscarriages.ResultsDifferent from cNK and pNK, dNK cells displayed high expression of CD56 and VEGF. And dNK cells showed a higher capacity of inducing tube formation of HUVEC by trophoblast. Meanwhile, we observed that cAMP‐analogue increased the percentage of CD56brightNK population in cNK cells with up‐regulated VEGF secretion and tube formation of HUVEC by trophoblast, which could be inhibited by pretreatment with VEGFR neutralizing antibody. Similar changes occurred when co‐culturing cNK cells with DSCs but not ESCs. Interestingly, the inhibitor of cAMP signaling (Metadoxine, META) could significantly inhibit the upregulation of VEGF in cNK cells by DSCs. Furthermore, DSCs could secret much more cAMP than ESCs. Notably, decreased CD56brightNK population and VEGF secretion by dNK were related to pregnancy loss.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that dNK cells display an angiogenic phenotype that can be induced by decidualized cAMP signaling. Our study indicates the significance of decidualization‐derived cAMP in regulating angiogenesis of decidual NKs and reveals complex crosstalk between different cell types in a critical period during early pregnancy.
Unpacking cesarean in rural Bangladesh: Who, what, when, and where
Authors: Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur , Perkins Janet , Hossain Aniqa Tasnim , Banik Goutom , Jabeen Sabrina , Wall Steve , Arifeen Shams El 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBangladesh has experienced an alarming increase in birth through cesarean over the last decade. In this article, we examine rural Bangladeshi women's reporting of why they underwent cesarean, who proposed the cesarean, and when in the process, the decision for a surgical birth was made.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional household survey of 2299 women in Kushtia district. Of these, 1233 who gave birth through cesarean completed a supplemental questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to report cesarean rates, which were disaggregated by sociodemographic characteristics and by antenatal care contacts with health services. We analyzed women's reported reasons for having a cesarean, when the decision was taken, and who proposed the intervention.FindingsOver half (54%) of women gave birth through cesarean. The proportion of cesareans was significantly higher among women with higher educational attainment, higher socioeconomic status, and increased antenatal care during pregnancy, particularly if this care was sought in private facilities (P < .05). Women reported that health service providers primarily proposed the cesarean (73%), followed by family members (21%) and finally, the birthing person themselves (6%). With respect to the reasons for cesarean, 34% of women reported nonmedical reasons (convenience and avoidance of labor pain), and 44% mentioned only medical reasons. Over half of the women reported that the decision to undergo a cesarean was made on the day of birth.ConclusionsWomen in rural Bangladesh often report avoidable reasons for cesarean. Better regulation of cesarean services in both public and private health services, as well as improved counseling of women with respect to cesarean indications and their consequences, is recommended.
Volumetric tissue changes following combined surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis: A 2‐year follow‐up analysis. A prospective case series
Authors: Obreja Karina , Galarraga‐Vinueza Maria Elisa , Müller Katharina , Begic Amira , Ramanauskaite Ausra , Schwarz Frank 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo assess volumetric tissue changes following combined surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis over a follow‐up period of 24 months.Materials and MethodsA total of 20 patients (n = 28 implants) were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis and underwent access flap surgery, implantoplasty, and augmentative therapy at intrabony components (ie, combined therapy) using a natural bone mineral and a native collagen membrane. The peri‐implant region of interest (ROI) was intraorally scanned pre‐operatively (S0), and after 12 (S3) and 24 (S4) months. Digital files were superimposed for the assessment of volumetric changes between the referred time points. The change in thickness was assessed at a standardized ROI, segmented into two equidistant sections (ie, marginal and apical).ResultsPeri‐implant tissues exhibited a nonsignificant mean thickness loss of 0.16 (95% CI: −4 to 0.06) and 0.17 mm (95% CI: −0.05 to 0.4) at S3 and S4, respectively. S0–S3 dimensional thickness changes at marginal and apical areas were −0.24 (95% CI: −0.48 to 0.002) and −0.19 mm (95% CI: −0.36 to −0.2), respectively. Dimensional changes from S0 to S4 amounted to −0.22 mm (95% CI: −0.46 to 0.02) and −0.07 mm (95% CI: −0.09 to 0.2), respectively. The thickness changes at marginal and apical ROIs were significant from S0 to S3. Clinical parameters (ie, plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing depth) significantly improved over the 24‐month follow‐up period. Linear regression analyses revealed no significant association between baseline bone loss (%), width of keratinized mucosa, and mucosal recession scores and thickness changes.ConclusionsPeri‐implant tissues revealed minor volumetric changes at 12 and 24 months after combined surgical therapy.
Conservation strategies for endangered arable plant Euphorbia gaditana
Authors: Rabasa Sonia G. , Sánchez de Dios Rut , Cabezas Fuentes Francisco José , Pías Couso María Beatriz , Domínguez Lozano Felipe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFragmentation and habitat loss are considered among the most important threats to biodiversity. More precisely, transformation of natural habitats into farmlands has been identified as one of the primary causes of plant species extinction. Therefore, understanding the effects of habitat fragmentation is crucial to the successful conservation of threatened species. Metapopulation modeling is one of the prospective tools used in conservation biology to evaluate long‐term survival in fragmented landscapes. In this work, we applied a metapopulation approach to the conservation of the rare plant Euphorbia gaditana Coss., an endangered species growing on the margins of crops in southern Spain. The species is threatened due to herbicide application and intensification of cultivation, which results in a highly patchy distribution, with more than 50 patches of habitat across three separate networks of patches. We used IFM (Incidence Function Modeling) to compare the relative effectiveness of four conservation management scenarios and the effect of three threat scenarios on the risk of extinction of the species. The results of our simulations of population dynamics under plausible management scenarios will aid conservation decision‐making, for example, allowing priority conservation areas to be identified or assessing the effect of future reintroductions.
Developmental connections between socioeconomic status, self‐regulation, and adult externalizing problems
Authors: Barry Kelly R. , Hanson Jamie L , Calma‐Birling Destany , Lansford Jennifer E , Bates John E. , Dodge Kenneth A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChildren from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds are at particularly heightened risk for developing later externalizing problems. A large body of research has suggested an important role for self‐regulation in this developmental linkage. Self‐regulation has been conceptualized as a mediator as well as a moderator of these connections. Using data from the Child Development Project (CDP, N = 585), we probe these contrasting (mediating/moderating) conceptualizations, using both Frequentist and Bayesian statistical approaches, in the linkage between early SES and later externalizing problems in a multi‐decade longitudinal study. Connecting early SES, physiology (i.e., heart rate reactivity) and inhibitory control (a Stroop task) in adolescence, and externalizing symptomatology in early adulthood, we found the relation between SES and externalizing problems was moderated by multiple facets of self‐regulation. Participants from lower early SES backgrounds, who also had high heart rate reactivity and lower inhibitory control, had elevated levels of externalizing problems in adulthood relative to those with low heart rate reactivity and better inhibitory control. Such patterns persisted after controlling for externalizing problems earlier in life. The present results may aid in understanding the combinations of factors that contribute to the development of externalizing psychopathology in economically marginalized youth.
Anthracnose in Samanea tubulosa caused by Colletotrichum karstii in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Rosiane F. , Azevedo Daiana M. Q. , Sousa Vitor M. , Alfenas Acelino Couto , Alfenas Rafael F. , Fonseca Natália R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn April 2019, Samanea tubulosa seedlings were observed with typical anthracnose symptoms in a forest nursery in São João Evangelista, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS (5.8 S ribosomal RNA and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions), act (actin), cal (calmodulin) and gapdh (glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase) sequences, the fungus was identified as Colletotrichum karstii. Inoculation of the fungus in healthy S. tubulosa seedlings showed symptoms similar to those observed under natural conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. karstii causing anthracnose in S. tubulosa worldwide.
The experience of young people receiving cognitive behavioural therapy for major depression: A qualitative study
Authors: Ferguson Natalie , Rice Simon , Gleeson John , Davey Christopher G. , Hetrick Sarah E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has far reaching impacts for young people, their families and society. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is one of the first‐line treatments for young people experiencing MDD; however, there is limited research examining how young people with MDD experience CBT. The aim of this study was to explore their experience and their views of this intervention.MethodsWe employed a qualitative research design, with semi‐structured interviews and thematic analysis. Eight participants aged between 17 and 24 years who received CBT for MDD in a randomized controlled trial were recruited.ResultsFive themes were identified: the importance of relationship with clinician; the range of useful components within CBT; the ability for CBT to accommodate different techniques and presenting issues; the importance of checking in with clients during the process of therapy; and the impacts of MDD on therapy.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of clinicians having a youth friendly and collaborative approach that allows a modular delivery of a range of CBT techniques to suit the client's presenting issue and formulation. There is a need to continually check how young people are responding to interventions, and to be aware of potential cognitive deficits and adjust therapy accordingly. This is a small study that provides insight into how young people with MDD experience CBT and avenues to explore for tailoring provision of CBT to enhance the therapeutic experience for this population.
Profiles of adolescent communication with parents and extended family about sex
Authors: DeSouza Lisette M. , Grossman Jennifer M. , Lynch Alicia Doyle , Richer Amanda M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore profiles of family communication about sex, demographic predictors of membership in these profiles, and their relationship to outcomes associated with sexual activity.BackgroundFamily communication about sex is protective against risky sexual behaviors. However, most research has focused solely on communication with parents. Emerging research suggests that extended family, such as aunts, uncles, cousins, and siblings, may also contribute to sexual socialization. This study assessed patterns of adolescents' communication with parents and extended family across three areas of communication about sex: protection, risk, and relationships.MethodThis research used cross‐sectional data from 844 adolescents (54% Latinx, 17% Black, 56% female) and conducted latent profile analysis.ResultsIn the resulting four profiles, adolescents reported talking with no one, primarily parents, everyone, or extended family only. Race and immigration status predicted profile membership. There was a significant relationship between having engaged in sex and profile membership but no significant associations with risk behaviors.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that youth communicate at different frequencies and sometimes in different ways with parents and extended family. Some patterns of communication are related to whether youth are sexually active.ImplicationsPractitioners should consider inclusion of both parents and extended family in supporting adolescent sexual socialization and health, and interventions should account for extended family as part of adolescents' family ecology. Future research and intervention might consider how to engage the large number of students who report no talk with any family member about sex.
Partial exogastrulation due to apical–basal polarity of F‐actin distribution disruption in sea urchin embryo by omeprazole
Authors: Watanabe Kaichi , Yasui Yuhei , Kurose Yuta , Fujii Masashi , Yamamoto Takashi , Sakamoto Naoaki , Awazu Akinori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGastrulation is a universal process in the morphogenesis of many animal embryos. Although morphological and molecular events in gastrulation have been well studied, the mechanical driving forces and underlying regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the gastrulation of embryos of a sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, which involves the invagination of a single‐layered vegetal plate into the blastocoel. We observed that omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor capable of perturbing the left–right asymmetry of sea urchin embryo, induced “partial exogastrulation” where the secondary invagination proceeds outward. During early gastrulation, intracellular apical–basal polarity of F‐actin distribution in vegetal half was higher than those in animal half, while omeprazole treatment disturbed the apical–basal polarity of F‐actin distribution in vegetal half. Furthermore, gastrulation stopped and even partial exogastrulation did not occur when F‐actin polymerization or degradation in whole embryo was partially inhibited via RhoA or YAP1 knockout. A mathematical model of the early gastrulation reproduced the shapes of both normal and exogastrulating embryos using cell‐dependent cytoskeletal features based on F‐actin. Additionally, such cell position‐dependent intracellular F‐actin distributions might be regulated by intracellular pH distributions. Therefore, apical–basal polarity of F‐actin distribution disrupted by omeprazole may induce the partial exogastrulation via anomalous secondary invagination.
Shared trauma during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Psychological effects on Israeli mental health nurses
Authors: Dahan Sagit , Levi Galit , Segev Ronen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMental health nurses, tasked with the constant care of clients undergoing mental health treatment, have faced unique challenges arising from the uncertain outcomes of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The shared exposure of both nurses and their patients to a traumatic event such this pandemic leads to additional challenges and ways of coping. The psychological effects of this shared trauma on mental health nurses arising from the pandemic are the subject of this study. An online survey was used to examine personal levels of anxiety and concern, personal and national resilience (NR), and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among 183 mental health nurses working in mental health services in Israel. Overall, the study revealed moderate levels of concern and relatively low levels of anxiety, with significant negative correlations between personal and NR and levels of concern and anxiety. Higher levels of personal and NR were related to lower levels of concern and anxiety, and there was a significant positive correlation between assessments of personal resilience and NR. A significant positive correlation was found between personal and NR and PTG. Higher religiosity was associated with higher resilience, and higher professional seniority was related to higher PTG. Finally, results for particular demographic subgroups indicate that in Israel, special attention should be given to those mental health nurses who have immigrated to Israel, are non‐Jews or have less professional experience.
Associations between persistent symptoms after mild COVID‐19 and long‐term health status, quality of life, and psychological distress
Authors: Han Jin H. , Womack Kelsey N. , Tenforde Mark W. , Files D. Clark , Gibbs Kevin W. , Shapiro Nathan I. , Prekker Matthew E. , Erickson Heidi L. , Steingrub Jay S. , Qadir Nida , Khan Akram , Hough Catherine L. , Johnson Nicholas J. , Ely E. Wesley , Rice Todd W. , Casey Jonathan D. , Lindsell Christopher J. , Gong Michelle N. , Srinivasan Vasisht , Lewis Nathaniel M. , Patel Manish M. , Self Wesley H. ,   for the Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to assess whether persistent COVID‐19 symptoms beyond 6 months (Long‐COVID) among patients with mild COVID‐19 is associated with poorer health status, quality of life, and psychological distress.MethodsThis was a multicenter prospective cohort study that included adult outpatients with acute COVID‐19 from eight sites during 2‐week sampling periods from April 1 and July 28, 2020. Participants were contacted 6–11 months after their first positive SARS‐CoV‐2 to complete a survey, which collected information on the severity of eight COVID‐19 symptoms using a 4‐point scale ranging from 0 (not present) to 3 (severe) at 1 month before COVID‐19 (pre‐illness) and at follow‐up; the difference for each was calculated as an attributable persistent symptom severity score. A total attributable persistent COVID‐19 symptom burden score was calculated by summing the attributable persistent severity scores for all eight symptoms. Outcomes measured at long‐term follow‐up comprised overall health status (EuroQol visual analogue scale), quality of life (EQ‐5D‐5L), and psychological distress (Patient Health Questionnaire‐4). The association between the total attributable persistent COVID‐19 burden score and each outcome was analyzed using multivariable proportional odds regression.ResultsOf the 2092 outpatients with COVID‐19, 436 (21%) responded to the survey. The median (IQR) attributable persistent COVID‐19 symptom burden score was 2 (0, 4); higher scores were associated with lower overall health status (aOR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.57–0.69), lower quality of life (aOR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.59–0.72), and higher psychological distress (aOR: 1.40; 95%CI, 1.28–1.54) after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, education, and income.ConclusionsIn participants with mild acute COVID‐19, the burden of persistent symptoms was significantly associated with poorer long‐term health status, poorer quality of life, and psychological distress.