bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Conjugate Tooth Surface Design and Contact Analysis of Harmonic Drive with Double-Circular-Arc Tooth Profile
Authors: song chaosheng , Zhu Feihong , Li Xinzi , Du Xuesong , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A three-dimensional conjugate tooth surface design method of Harmonic drive with a double-circular-arc tooth profile is proposed. The radial deformation function of the flexspline (FS) obtained by FEA is introduced into the kinematics model, and the optimization of the overlapping conjugate tooth profile is completed by analyzing the FS tooth enveloping process. Considering the hobbing process, the three-dimensional machinable tooth surface of FS is obtained. Considering the coning deformation of the FS, the multi-section assembly and meshing motion simulation of machinable tooth surface are carried out. Finite element method is used to analyze and compare the loaded contact characteristics. Results show that the proposed design method can obtain an internal gear pair composed of a circular spline with a spur gear tooth surface and a FS with a machinable tooth surface. Under the rated torque, 24% of the FS teeth are engaged in meshing, and more than 4/5 of the tooth surface in the axial direction carries the load. The contact patterns, maximum contact pressure and transmission error of the machinable tooth surface are 227.2%, 40.67%, and 71.24% of the spur gear tooth surface respectively, showing excellent transmission performance.
Analysis of the molecular mechanism of Evodia rutaecarpa fruit in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Xu Runshi , Yang Ximing , Tao Yangyang , Luo Wang , Xiong Yu , He Lan , Zhou FangLiang , He Yingchun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a neoplasm of the head and neck, has high incidence and mortality rates in East and Southeast Asia. Evodia rutaecarpa is a tree that is native to Korea and China, and its fruit (hereafter referred to as Evodia) exhibits remarkable antitumor properties. However, little is known about its mechanism of action in NPC. In this study, we employed network pharmacology to identify targets of active Evodia compounds in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and generate an interaction network.Methods: The active ingredients of Evodia and targets in NPC were obtained from multiple databases, and an interaction network was constructed via the Cytoscape and STRING databases. The key biological processes and signaling pathways were predicted using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking technology was used to identify the affinity and activity of target genes, and The Cancer Genome Atlas and Human Protein Atlas databases were used to analyze differential expression. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) dual-fluorescence staining were used for experimental verification.Results: Active Evodia compounds included quercetin, isorhamnetin, and evodiamine, and important NPC targets included MAPK14, AKT1, RELA, MAPK1, JUN, and p53, which were enriched in lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathways. Additionally, we verified the high affinity and activity of the active compounds through molecular docking, and the target proteins were verified using immunohistochemistry and differential expression analyses. Furthermore, CCK-8 assays and Annexin V-FITC/PI dual-fluorescence staining showed that isorhamnetin inhibited the proliferation of NPC cells and induced apoptosis.Conclusion: Our results identified the molecular mechanisms of Evodia and demonstrated its ability to alter the proliferation and apoptosis of NPC cells through multiple targets and pathways, thereby providing evidence for clinical application of Evodia.
Insecticidal activity of crude extracts of four plants and their Ag Nano liquids against Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Mariappan Madasamy , Kitherian Sahayaraj , Sayed Samy M , Kesba Hosny , Prathas Selvaraj , Koilraj Madasamy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A good quantity of global agricultural production is being devastated due to insect pests which need serious attention by the agricultural scientists and policy makers. The sole dependence on agrochemicals has increased over the past decades. However, adoption of botanical insecticides is gaining momentum as an ecofriendly alternative to the hazardous chemical pesticides. Applications of bionanoparticles are highly effective and may limit the risk of synthetic pesticide usage. Leaf dip and topical application toxicity bioassay were carried out to investigate the biological effects of aqueous leave extracts of Annona squamosa, Justicia adathoda, Ipomea carnea and Pongamia glabura at different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10%) against first, second, third nymphal instars and adult of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). The result suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of P. glabura (LC50 = 9.673%) showed more impact after 144 hrs of exposure followed by J. adathoda, I.carnea and A. squamosa in leaf dip toxicity bioassay. In the topical application, P. glabura (LC50 = 1.042%) recorded the highest insecticidal activity followed by other three tested plants. The AgNP’s of P. glabura-AgNP’s showed highest impacts (LC50 = 4.750%) than other three tested nanoparticles i.e., I.carnea-AgNP’s, J. adathoda-AgNP’s, A. squamosa-AgNP’s in addition to Vijay neem, respectively. From these experiments, it is evident that the P. glabura-AgNP’s and J.adathoda-AgNP’s possess more insecticidal activity and hence these products could be used for P. solenopsis management.
Long- term outcomes following endocardial and epicardial ablation of atrial fibrillation in a low procedural volume hospital
Authors: Williams Kim M. , Blatchford Patrick J. , Laws Frank A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) ablation volume and its relation to outcomes posit negatively for low volume centers, the ideal annual hospital volume is 50. Fifty four in-patients have been followed. The primary outcome is the change in an AFib validated outcomes questionnaire that subjects completed pre-procedure, 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter. Secondary endpoints included duration of maintaining normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and adverse events. At 6 months, the overall questionnaire score improved by 30 points from the baseline score (95% CI: (16, 43), p < 0.001). The improvement from baseline was also maintained at 1 year, with the 1-year change score of 22 points (95% CI: (14, 30), p < 0.001), additionally significant improvements were observed in each of the subscales. Based on a Kaplan-Meier analysis, 96% of subjects maintained NSR at 6 months, 87% maintained NSR at 1 year, and 78% maintained NSR at 2 years. Epicardial and endocardial ablation for AF care is feasible in a low-volume ablation hospital with careful long-term tracking. Patients can receive quality care closer to home and not incur costs associated with traveling for health care-a determinate of value- based care.
The Effect of Presence of Permeable Media on Natural Convection Flow of MHD Along an Upward Wavy Surface
Authors: Adel Rasha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The natural convection flow over the vertical wavy surface in permeable media of viscous incompressible fluid with thermal conductivity has been investigated. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a non-dimensional form using a suitable set of dimensionless variables. The resulting nonlinear system of partial differential equations is solved numerically employing the finite difference, known as the fully implicitmethod. The numerical results for velocity u, temperature θ, Nusselt number Nu for different magnitudes of magnetic field parameter M, Prandtl number Pr, inverse Darcy number\(D{a^{ - 1}}\), surface amplitude a, thermal conductivity variation parameter γ, and heat generation parameter Q.
Methodology to Derive Preference for Health Screening Programmes Using Discrete Choice Experiments: A Scoping Review
Authors: Brain David , Jadambaa Amarzaya , Kularatna Sanjeewa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
While involving users in healthcare decision-making has become increasingly common and important, there is a lack of knowledge about how to best design community-based health screening programs. Reviews of methods that incorporate discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are scarce, particularly for non-cancer illnesses like cardiovascular disease, diabetes and liver disease. We provide an overview of currently available applications and methods available by using DCEs in health screening programs, for chronic conditions.
Methods
A scoping review was undertaken, where four electronic databases were searched for key terms to identify eligible DCE studies related to community health screening. We included studies that met a pre-determined criteria, including being published between 2011 and 2021, in English and reported findings on human participants. Data were systematically extracted, tabulated, and summarised in a narrative review.
Results
A total of 27 studies that used a DCE to elicit preferences for cancer (n = 26) and cardiovascular disease screening (n = 1) programmes were included in the final analysis. All studies were assessed for quality, against a list of 13 criteria, with the median score being 9/13 (range 5–12). Across the 27 studies, the majority (80%) had the same overall scores. Two-thirds of included studies reported a sample size calculation, approximately half (13/27) administered the survey completely online and over 75% used the general public as the participating population.
Conclusion
Our review has led to highlighting several areas of current practice that can be improved, particularly greater use of sample size calculations, increased use of qualitative methods, better reporting of how choice sets are generated, a more detailed explanation of the chosen experimental design and methods for analysis.
Association of Longitudinal Patterns of Nighttime Sleep Duration and Daytime Napping Duration with Risk of Multimorbidity
Authors: Guo Jianhui , Li Aina , Chen Mingjun , Wei Donghong , Wu Jieyu , Wang Tinggui , Hu Yuduan , Lin Yawen , Xu Xingyan , Yang Le , Wen Yeyin , Li Huanyuan , Xie Xiaoxu , Wu Siying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Single measures of self-reported nighttime sleep duration and daytime napping duration are associated with adverse health outcomes; However, the association between longitudinal patterns of self-reported nighttime sleep duration and daytime napping duration and multimorbidity remains unclear. We therefore undertook cox regression analyses to explore linkages between sleep trajectories and multimorbidity.Methods: The current study included 5262 participants from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Self-reported nighttime sleep duration and daytime napping duration were collected from 2011 to 2015. The 4-year sleep duration trajectories were conducted by group-based trajectory modelling. The fourteen medical conditions were diagnosed by self-reported physicians or identified by combining health assessment and medication data. Multimorbidity was diagnosed as Participants with two or more of the 14 chronic diseases after 2015. Associations between sleep trajectories and multimorbidity were assessed by cox regression models.Results: During 6.69 years of follow-up, we observed multimorbidity in 785 participants. Four nighttime sleep duration trajectories and three daytime napping duration trajectories were identified. Participants with persistent short nighttime sleep duration trajectory had the higher risk of multimorbidity (Hazard ratio (HR)=1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.49), compared with those with persistent normal nighttime sleep duration trajectory. We have not found a benefit of daytime napping on the development of multimorbidity. Participants with persistent normal nighttime sleep duration and persistent seldom daytime napping duration had a lower risk of multimorbidity.Conclusions: In this study, persistent short nighttime sleep duration trajectory was associated with subsequent multimorbidity risk. Daytime napping cannot fully compensate for the risk of insufficient night sleep.
Diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from milk obtained along the Nairobi dairy value chain by DNA fingerprint analysis
Authors: Kiambi Stella , Onono Joshua Orungo , Aboge Gabriel , Maina John , Gitahi Nduhiu , Muchira Beatrice , Fèvre Eric M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe Nairobi dairy food system is highly complex and involves informal and formal dairy production and marketing channels. The sector comprises numerous small-scale interlinked actors characterized by diverse food handling practices that may affect product safety. This cross-sectional study sought to analyze the diversity of Escherichia coli, which contaminates cow milk, in material obtained from the supply chain serving Nairobi's rapidly urbanizing city in Kenya. The GTG5 fingerprinting method was used to determine the diversity of 107 E. coli isolates obtained from milk. Dendrograms were used to display E. coli genetic diversity patterns within and between farms from different types of samples. These included raw, pasteurized, processed fermented, and home-made fermented milk sourced from various nodes, including farms, milk bars, milk vending machines, roadside milk vendors and shops. ResultsAnalysis of the first dendrogram with 46 E. coli isolates recovered from various milk types from different nodes showed three major clusters based on bacterial banding patterns. A large proportion of the subsequent sub-clusters in these phylogenies revealed a similarity matrix of between 50 – 70 % among isolates from the same location. Dendrograms derived from analysis of E. coli at farm level showed that most isolates from milk samples obtained from the same farms did not cluster together which strongly suggests variation in the recovered E. coli strains and in the populations of E. coli in those farms. These findings indicate distinct bacterial milk contamination sources and not as a result of the clonal spread of certain strains.ConclusionsThese results show that the source of milk contamination is diverse and occurs at several points along the value chain. Therefore, policy on the management of food safety (including control of milk-borne diseases) should not only focus on activities at few nodes but along the entire value chain to ensure milk safety.
Clinical Implication of SNVs in TLR Genes in Pediatric Patients From the Brazilian Amazon With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Xabregas Lilyane Amorim , Hanna Fabíola Silva Alves , Magalhães-Gama Fábio , Souza Gláucia Lima , Pereira Daniele Sá , Lima Amanda Barros , Toro Diana Mota , Santiago Mirian Rodrigues Ribeiro , Passos Leny Nascimento Motta , Tarragô Andréa Monteiro , Malheiro Adriana , Costa Allyson Guimarães 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy and the leading cause of childhood mortality. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in key molecules of the immune system, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and CD14 molecule, are associated with the development of several diseases. However, their role in ALL is unknown. A case-control study was performed with 152 ALL patients and 187 healthy individuals to investigate the role of SNVs in TLRs and the CD14 gene in ALL. In this study, TLR6 C > T rs5743810 [95% CI: 3.20, OR: 1.11–9.17, p = 0.003) and TRL9 C/T rs187084 (95% CI: 2.29, OR: 1.23–4.26, p = 0.000) seems to be a risk for development of ALL. In addition, the TLR4 A > G rs4986791 polymorphism was associated with protection from infectious comorbidities (IC 95%adj: 0.18, ORadj:0.02–1.50, p = 0.058) and the TRL1 T > G rs5743618 and TRL6 C > T rs5743810 polymorphisms with protection against death (95% IC: 0.17, OR: 0.04–0.79, p = 0.008; 95% IC: 0.48, OR: 0.24–0.94, p = 0.031, respectively). Our results show that SNVs in TLR genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALL and may influence clinical prognosis; however, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of TLR1, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9 and CD14 polymorphisms in this disease.
The efficacy of metal nanocomposite (Fe 3 O 4 /CuO/ZnO) to ameliorate the toxic effects of ochratoxin in broilers
Authors: Shap Nagla F. Al , El-Sherbeny Eman M. , Masry Dalia M.A. El 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different doses of metal nanocomposite (MNc) (Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO) sub its cytotoxic level in order to overcome or minimize the ochratoxin (OTA) adverse effects in broilers fed on contaminated ration. The study conducted on 120 one - day old chicks which were divided into equal 6 groups; G1: negative control, G2: positive control (fed on OTA 17 ppb), G3 & G4 (fed MNc only with low and high doses respectively). The rest two groups G5 & G6 (treatment groups) were fed on both OTA post induced ochratoxification with low and high doses respectively. Results: Body weight gain and heamatecellular elements in both treated groups increased significantly than control. Serum phagocytic levels were increased-significantly in both treated groups than control groups. Prothrombin time (PT) decreased significantly (P<0.05) in both treated groups than intoxicated control group (G2) but still higher than non-intoxicated control group (G1). Total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium and phosphorus increased significantly in both treated groups than intoxicated control group. Kidney function test showed non significantly improvement in both treated groups than intoxicated control group. Antioxidant study revealed that malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly in treated groups than intoxicated control group. Ochratoxin-residue decreased significantly in treated groups. OTA residues in tested liver and muscle of treated groups showed no-significant difference with control group at the experiment’s end. In conclusion, feeding either low or high doses of MNc to broilers were significantly counteracting the negative impacts of OTA or its resided and increase their body weight gain.
Biophysical and genetic cues regulating the structural remodeling of adipose tissue upon caloric excess
Authors: Zhou Weinan , Bandara Sarith , Leal Cecilia , Anakk Sayeepriyadarshini 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Obesity is an alarmingly common and serious disease. Adipose tissue stores excess calories as triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesteryl ester in lipid droplets (LDs). How fat packing is regulated in the different adipose depots (white versus brown) and how diet composition alters this packing remain poorly understood. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that LDs are liquid-crystalline, packing TAG in a disordered core with a multilamellar crystalline shell. Western diet increases the number of TAG lamellae in both the depots, while high fat diet alters only the white adipose. Consistently, collagen packs randomly in white fat, forming a permissive environment for LD expansion but is highly oriented in brown fat. During obesity, decrease in chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), the endogenous bile acid ligand of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is noted. Moreover, FXR deletion leads to enlarged adipocytes, whereas addition of CDCA promotes LD breakdown. These findings uncover that BAs, diet, and tissue niche dictate LD structural remodeling.
Risk of establishment and potential impacts of transient populations of Spodoptera frugiperda in Europe
Authors: Gilioli Gianni , Sperandio Giorgio , Simonetto Anna , Ciampitti Mariangela , Gervasio Paola 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is an invasive pest threatening crop production and food security worldwide. High concerns are linked to the potential establishment of the species in Europe. The high migratory capacity of S. frugiperda cause concerns about the potential impacts of transient populations invading new areas from suitable hotspots. In the present work, we developed and used a physiologically-based demographic model to quantitatively assess the risks of S. frugiperda in Europe. The risks were assessed considering a best-, a median-, and a worst-case scenario. The Mediterranean coastal areas of Southern Europe resulted suitable for the establishment of the species, with suitable areas reaching even higher latitudes, in the worst-case scenario. In Europe, up to 4 generations per year were predicted. The predicted average yearly adult population was 5 (± 4), 17 (± 5), and 139 (± 22) in the best, median-, and worst-case assessment scenario, respectively. Model results showed that Southern and Central Europe might be exposed to the risk of transient populations, at least up to the 48th parallel north, in the worst-case scenario. Depending on the latitude and on the period of arrival of the propagule, transient populations might be able to originate 1 or more generations per year. The model can be used to define strategies reducing the risks of establishment of the pest at the country level. Predictions on the dynamics and phenology of the pest can also be used to support its management at the local level.
Ion-dynamic Capacitance Enables Multimode Transistors and Multimode Neural Networks
Authors: Liang Xiaoci , Luo Yiyang , pei yanli , Wang Mengye , Liu Chuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transistors attractive for neuromorphic computing should offer tunable plasticity, ultrahigh apparent mobility, steep subthreshold swing for low power consumption, or memristive conductance for in-memory computation. However, current transistor structures only offer one or two of the above characteristics. Here, we derive a concise model to describe the complex transient ion-dynamic capacitance in transistors and reveal that the aforementioned characteristics could all be achieved at different operational modes on demand in a single transistor. We experimentally verified such multimode transistors with tens of nanometer thin films. The multimode transistor enables an unprecedented neural network that can switch as needed between conventional artificial neural network (ANN), reservoir neural network (RNN) and spike neural network (SNN) for image recognition in near-sensor computing. The study unambiguously unveils ion-dynamic capacitance can be the universal origin for various attractive transistors, and significantly expands the programmability of transistors to realize new analogue computing concepts.