bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Surface Integrity in Axial Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Milling In-Situ TiB2/7050Al MMCs
Authors: Liu Xiao-fen , Wang Wen-hu , Jiang Rui-song , Xiong Yi-feng , Shan Chen-wei , Li Jun-chen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs) are a new kind promising materials with attracting attentions due to its superior properties such as improved strength, low density, excellent low-temperature performance and increased wear resistance. However, it was a difficult-to-cut material due to the existence of hard ceramic particles. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining method has attracted many attentions in machining difficult-to-cut materials.
In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of cutting and vibration parameters on the machined surface integrity of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al metal matrix composites. After all experiments, surface integrity such as surface roughness, residual stress, hardness and machined defects and so on were comparatively analyzed between conventional and ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting methods. It was found that the machined surface roughness of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling was a little larger than that of conventional milling while the compressive residual stress of the former was greater than that of the latter. It could be found that it could obtain better machined performance when vibration frequency is 30 kHz and amplitude is 4 μm in the range of given experimental parameters.
Surface Evaporation of Sessile Water Droplet on a Hydrophobic Surface
Authors: Lee Minwoo , Park Chanwoo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the surface evaporation of a sessile water droplet on hydrophobic solid substrates was numerically and experimentally investigated. The droplet evaporation is governed by multi-dimensional heat and mass transport and interfacial processes of three (gas, liquid, and solid) phases. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed to analyze the simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the surface evaporation of a sessile water droplet by considering the Marangoni and/or free convection. The results from the CFD simulation were validated using experimental results for the water droplet evaporation on a hydrophobic-coated silicon substrate. It was found that the droplet evaporation rate is greatly increased by a thermocapillary-driven flow (Marangoni convection) in the droplet with small liquid volumes of less than 2.4 μL on the hydrophobic substrate, while the contribution of the free convection is negligible. The peak mass flux of droplet evaporation was always observed along the three-phase contact line.
Implementation of Triply Poly Minimal Surfaces in Design of Phononic Crystals and Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Saatchi Daniel , Oh Il-Kwon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Triply Poly Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) are three dimensional periodic lattice structures with a trigonometric relationship in their unit cell that can be implemented for acoustic applications including acoustic metamaterials and Phononic crystals. The necessity and demand in the ultrasound and acoustic industry for new materials pave the way to investigate further mechanical wave research into the different shape of engineered metamaterials that usually does not exist in nature for different purposes. This paper presents a design pipeline for Schwarz Primitive acoustic metamaterial from the mathematically driven stage of computational design of the unit cell with the utilization of finite element method to simulate the Phononic bandgaps, acoustic pressure, wave propagations, sound pressure levels, and sound transmission loss. The effect of periodic, Floquet, symmetry, & dipole boundary conditions as well as the effect of the upstream and downstream numerical domain extension on the final transmission loss signal in the simulations are compared. These numerical evaluations are important for future experimental acoustic measurement in the different impedance tubes with different microphone positions and sample setups. Finally, the initial stage of additive manufacturing using Stereolithography 3D printing technology for the fabrication of TPMS sample to compare the numerical data with experimental acoustic data is addressed as well as its potential applications to use in the different industries.
Helium Degassing Filter for Mercury Process Gas Liquid Separator
Authors: Weinmeister Justin , Ottinger Dustin , Barbier Charlotte 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Testing was conducted to find a suitable filter to help separate helium gas from the Spallation Neutron Source’s mercury process loop. This filter is proposed for installation on the gas-liquid separator (GLS) vent line to prevent a column of liquid mercury from flowing outside of the process loop shielding in the service bay. The filter’s desired properties are to prevent the passage of liquid mercury, provide minimal resistance to helium flow, resist radiation, operate for the lifetime of the target, be replaceable, and have a reliable construction. Testing concluded that the Mott Corporation POU-10-S series of filters provided the best performance available. The filters could stop most liquid mercury passage while allowing helium passage at nominal pressures above the GLS in standard conditions. This result has several implications for the design of the GLS vent system.
Review of Fault Detection and Diagnosis Studies on Residential HVAC Systems
Authors: Ejenakevwe Kevwe A. , Song Li 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) control and energy usage management has been identified as a promising way of improving building energy efficiency and thus contributing to solving the energy challenges of the world. However, a critical aspect of reducing HVAC energy usage is fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). Several studies have been conducted on FDD in HVAC systems with less focus on residential HVAC systems. One reason identified for this reduced attention with residential HVAC is that state-of-the-art FDD tools greatly depend on data available through the building automation system (BAS), and this detailed data is not typically available in the residential sector. Meanwhile, using sensors for developing FDD-enabled HVAC systems is not cost-efficient due to the cost associated with required sensors compared to the energy savings realized, thus making residential FDD less attractive. However, studies have shown that faults cause an additional 20.7TWh of energy consumption from residential HVACs across the US, annually. Thus, this paper gives a critical review of various studies that have been done on FDD in residential HVAC systems and proposes a data analytical approach, which if actualized, could reduce the sensor requirements for FDD in residential HVAC, thus addressing the cost barrier.
Modal Interaction in a Levitation Force MEMS Based Resonator
Authors: Zamanzadeh Mohammadreza , Meijer H. G. E. , Jafarsadeghi-Pournaki Ilgar , Ouakad H. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This work aims to examine the possibility of internal resonances (modal interactions) among the vibration modes of a levitation force Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS) based resonator. The actuating levitation force is generated through a special arrangement consisting of two stationary side electrodes (both electrically charged) and a middle grounded unit consisting of the stationary electrode located beneath a moving electrode (micro-beam). Both “cantilever” (CL) and “clamped-clamped” (CC) microbeams are analysed as the moving element of this especial design in which the applied voltage pushes away the micro beam from the underneath substrate. All possible commensurable relations between the frequencies are inspected. We use the numerical bifurcation toolbox MatCont to capture the computed frequency response branches and examine their stability. A period-doubling bifurcation for the possible onset of chaotic attractors is inspected as well. A preliminary eigenvalue problem analysis suggests the internal resonance may exist in both (CC and CL) cases. However, an extended dynamical analysis shows that just a 3-to-1 modal interaction (between the first and third modes) in the CC arrangement is possible. The effects of dominant force-related terms are plotted through associated plots. These diagrams demonstrated that this design exhibits a rich internal resonance behavior that can be controlled with different geometrical and actuating parameters. Overall, this effort provides a systematic methodology and simple guidelines for indepth exploration of internal resonances in levitation force-based microbeams. The outcomes of this work could also assist in the development of MEMS sensors based on the internal resonance phenomenon.
Design for Additive Manufacturing: A Framework to Collect and Reuse Engineering Knowledge Towards a CAD-Based Tool
Authors: Favi Claudio , Mandolini Marco , Campi Federico , Cicconi Paolo , Germani Michele 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Within the context of modern industries, additive manufacturing (AM) plays a critical role. Design for AM (DfAM) requires defining design actions related to the product’s geometry under development. DfAM affects design choices such as the type of process, the material, the geometry, and the model’s features. Knowledge-based engineering (KBE) is promising for integrating DfAM principles in the early phases of product development. Still, few limitations are noticed, such as the real interoperability between DfAM and 3D CAD systems, leading to the application of proper DfAM rules downstream of the 3D modeling. This paper aims to describe a method to formalize AM engineering knowledge used as a repository to develop a CAD-integrated decision support tool by acknowledging the current gap. The method uses, as input, geometrical data retrieved by the feature analysis of the 3D CAD model (feature recognition approach) and manufacturing information related to AM processes. The method will allow closing the gap between the design and production departments by creating a knowledge-based system. The outcome of this system does not concern the possibility of predicting the AM process parameters. The system will support engineers in delivering product designs compliant with AM processes. Based on this system, a CAD-integrated DfAM tool can be developed in the future.
Nuclear Power: On PRA and Protective System Maintenance
Authors: Kee Ernie , Wortman Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The processes used in managing protective system equipment failures in the commercial nuclear power setting are reviewed. We assert that efficacy of protection is governed by maintenance policy that includes system modification, maintenance inter-arrivals as a function of time, and upset inter-arrivals as a function of time; we further assert that such a maintenance policy is the one used in nuclear power plant protective systems. Observations described in this article bear on the impact of time-dependent activities, associated with maintenance policy, as they relate to endogenous and exogenous upset inter-arrival times. We describe why methods evaluating maintenance policy reliant on combinatorial logic, such as Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), fault trees, or event trees, may lead to ineffective maintenance policy decision-making for protective system efficacy, and we show why this is true. Recommendations for maintaining effective protections, and connections to engineering maintenance practice and regulations are made based on the implications that come from our observations. The importance of the issues described is that relationship of design, maintenance, and repair policies must be properly understood and taken into account by process owners, operators, and investors as well as regulators, who manage protections in hazardous processes.
The Self-Compensation Approach for Backlash on Gear Pair
Authors: Karba Bahadır , Yıldırım Nihat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The way to properly account for variations in operating center distance and in functional tooth thickness are not obvious. The method presented here will give a good estimate of the range of operating backlash, provided the range of operating center distance and the range of operating functional tooth thickness is known. A method of estimating the functional tooth thickness from a combination of the nominal tooth thickness range and the elemental tolerances are presented. In unidirectional or bidirectional cases, gears have a certain amount of space usually called “backlash” between meshing teeth flanks are allowed for functional reasons. While backlash is a requirement for efficient performance of a gear pair under lubrication and possible occurrence of interference duties, it is also a hard to control parameter under manufacturing, and assembly errors, heating of the gearbox elements. However, optimum/correct value of the required backlash is not well defined and calculated before the actual gear pairs are put into operation. Researchers and engineers who study on power transmission field, mechanical design, and controlling field have been focused to backlash by investigating its influence onto gear behavior, predict, remove, minimize, and optimize.
In this approach, probabilities of minimum backlash configurations have been performed creating adjacent pitch deviation document which is effectful parameter based on manufacturing reports approximately via MATLAB. Thus, how backlash is minimum could via certain configurations between gears have been evaluate using phasing methodology under defined contact teeth which are provides minimum backlash chance.
Data-Driven Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Smart and Sustainable Machining
Authors: Bhatia Purvee , Liu Yang , Nagaraj Sohan , Achanta Varshita , Pulaparthi Bharat , Diaz-Elsayed Nancy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making analysis of the alternatives for smart and sustainable machining processes to provide visibility and clarity on the factors that can affect production performance. Identification of such parameters can aid in the adoption of smart manufacturing technologies. The framework developed for decision making utilizes fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to compare alternative machining scenarios. Machining with Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) and machining with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for modeling ambient conditions are analyzed for their application and form use cases in the framework. Feasibility of TCM via vibration analysis when milling 17-4 Stainless Steel is investigated and a positive trend is observed between the surface roughness of the work piece and the cutting tool vibration at time steps where tool wear is predicted. Thus, a viable low-cost solution for TCM is available. The ambient conditions of the machining environment have been modelled with CFD to study temperature and airflow gradients. The CFD model can be used to reduce thermal errors for precision machining and enhance operator efficiency. The result from the decision-making framework shows a clear preference for smart machining alternatives as compared to the conventional machining. In all, machining with TCM and CFD is found to be the most preferred.
A New Microfluidic Device Integrated With Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Measure Colloidal Particle Adhesion
Authors: Ji Siqi , Ran Ran , Chiniforooshan Esfahani Ilia , Wan Kai-tak , Sun Hongwei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Polystyrene particles simulating bacteria flow down a micro-channel in the presence of potassium chloride solution. Depending on the ionic concentration or flow rates, portion of the particles are trapped on the glass substrate due to intrinsic surface forces. A novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is built into the microfluidic device to track the real-time particle deposition by shift of the resonance frequency. The new technique is promising to quantify water filtration.
Deep Learning Approach to Evaluate Fracture Parameters From Photoelastic Images
Authors: Sasikumar Sachin , Ramesh K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since the inception of Fracture mechanics, the ability of photoelastic techniques to show significant geometric changes in the isochromatic fringe field has directed the mathematical modeling of stress field near the crack tip. The evaluation of fracture parameters, viz., stress intensity factors (SIFs) and T-stress is of utmost importance in predicting crack growth directions and estimating the life of the component. The current state-of-the-art technique for fracture parameters’ evaluation uses the photoelastic fringe data to evaluate the coefficients of a multi-parameter stress field equation by minimizing the convergence error iteratively in a non-linear least squares sense. This is a multi-stage, semi-automatic approach.
In this paper, the power of convolutional neural networks (CNN) that are well suited for recognizing complex spatial patterns is exploited to fully automate the evaluation of fracture parameters with the isochromatic image as the input. The network is pretrained on a large volume of simulated dataset which can later be fine-tuned for smaller experimental dataset. This approach helps to circumvent the requirement for large experimentally labeled dataset which is hard to obtain.
A Practical Approach for Determining Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) of Transmission Gas Pipelines
Authors: Ebrahimnia Bajestan Ehsan , Saad Bassam , Arjmand Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gas transmission pipes are required to have sufficient material toughness at their minimum working temperature, (here, called Minimum Design Metal Temperature, MDMT) to avoid brittle fracture. This paper proposes a new practical approach in predicting the MDMT for buried natural gas transmission pipes. This approach is based on a thermal-hydraulic mathematical model to simulate the conjugate heat transfer through the pipe metal, the gas flow inside the pipe, the soil medium surrounding it, and ambient. For the gas flow inside the pipe, a 1D thermal-hydraulic model was utilized to simulate the convective heat transfer, Joule-Thomson effect, and heating of the gas due to pipe wall friction. Using computational simulations in conjunction with regression analyses, a simplified analytical model was developed to predict the temperature field in the surrounding soil for the parameter ranges of interest, including time-varying ambient air temperature. This model was then incorporated as a boundary condition in the 1D thermal-hydraulic gas flow model above to reflect the thermal interaction among the ambient air temperature, soil medium, pipe metal, and the gas flow inside the pipe. Based on the results, daily average ambient temperature data results in the same soil temperature as the hourly data. The initial soil temperature distribution also affects MDMT prediction. The model has been successfully validated against numerical analysis studies in the literature. The proposed approach can replace the transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation for practical MDMT prediction in pipelines.
An Experimental Study on Sustainable Bandsawing Solutions for Structural Applications
Authors: Rakurty C. S. , Rangasamy Nithin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, a fundamental investigation on the effect of cutting fluid application and type of fluid on sawing I-beams was carried out. This research hypothesizes that the minimum quantity fluid system with the right coolant/lubricant can be an effective and a sustainable sawing solution for structural applications by reducing cutting forces and surface roughness. A 41 mm bimetal band saw blade with 4/6 TPI (variable tooth per inch) was used on an Amada horizontal scissor saw at a constant feed and speed to saw I-beams. The Saw Blade Lube System™ by UNIST was the minimum quantity fluid system used in this study, and the system was used as recommended by the manufacturers. Four different cutting fluid applications and coolant combinations, namely, dry, flood application using synthetic oil + water, minimum quantity application using biodegradable vegetable oil + compressed air (recommended by the manufacturer), and minimum quantity application using the synthetic oil + water, are studied. Surface roughness, micro-hardness, and sawing forces were recorded/measured and analyzed for all four cutting fluid conditions. Chip welding/built-up edge formation and flank wear were studied to understand the interactional effects of the cutting fluid applications. Based on the results, it is evident that lubrication is more important than cooling in sawing I-beam due to the interrupted nature of sawing. This study lays a road map for optimizing the cutting fluid application for band sawing.
Blockchain Applications of Manufacturing Systems: A Survey
Authors: Song Jinwoo , Wang Jinbo , Moon Young B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent years, future manufacturing systems following a vision of Industry 4.0 has been accelerated in order to enable more personalized, smart, and sustainable production. However, unsolved security challenges from their enlarged accessibility and connectivity have delayed realizing such systems. To address the emerging issues, the blockchain technology can be adopted to utilize its inherent generic security capabilities. However, research regarding the use of blockchain in manufacturing systems has only begun in the past few years while their research findings have been disseminated through a wide range of different outlets. This paper presents a literature review covering how manufacturing systems can adopt the blockchain technology while maintaining their production capacity, flexibility, and cost-efficiency. In addition to the survey, five categories of manufacturing systems striving to achieve the goal of Industry 4.0 are defined to provide a system model-based analysis. Also, a technology roadmap — that visualizes the chronological history of the technology — has been adopted to present the research trend and identify opportunities for future studies.
Analysis and Design Software for Integration of Renewable Energy and Energy Storage With CHP Devices
Authors: Naman Yasin , Kowalski Gregory J. , Zenouzi Mansour 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Software with a user-friendly interface is presented for integrating energy storage and renewable energy sources with co-generation and tri-generation (CHP) systems. This simulation provides a first level screening of CHP systems and determines the effects of including renewable energy or storage systems. The inputs consist of the application’s electric load and thermal load as well as the parameters for the power producing devices, back up boilers/furnaces, vapor compression refrigeration COP and the generator and inverter efficiency. The output is the energy utilization factor (EUF), the rates of carbon dioxide production and entropy production. The simulation is based on using the thermal load to power ratio, HLRP, as a basic scaling parameter and the ratio of the cooling to total thermal load, CHR. A single design point investigation or continuous load information as well as the renewable energy output and energy storage data is controlled by the user. A dashboard report and an excel format is provided to allow the user to perform their own detail summary of the calculated results. Results comparing the performance of a CHP plant for different applications are provided. As expected, the CHP device outperforms the traditional means producing electricity.