bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel VOC breath tracer method to evaluate indoor respiratory exposures in the near- and far-fields
Authors: Parhizkar Hooman , Fretz Mark , Laguerre Aurelie , Stenson Jason , Corsi Richard L. , Wymelenberg Kevin G. Van Den , Gall Elliott T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Several studies suggest that far-field transmission (> 6 ft) explains the significant number of COVID-19 superspreading outbreaks. Therefore, quantitative evaluation of near- and far-field exposure to emissions from a source is key to better understanding human-to-human airborne infectious disease transmission and associated risks. In this study, we used an environmentally-controlled chamber to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from a healthy participant who consumed breath mints, which contained unique tracer compounds. Tracer measurements were made at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, 7.5 ft from the participant, as well as in the exhaust plenum of the chamber. We observed that 2.5 ft trials had substantially (~ 36–44%) higher concentrations than other distances during the first 20 minutes of experiments, highlighting the importance of the near-field relative to the far-field before virus-laden respiratory aerosol plumes are continuously mixed into the far-field. However, for the conditions studied, the concentrations of human-sourced tracers after 20 minutes and approaching the end of the 60-minute trials at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, and 7.5 ft were only ~ 18%, ~ 11%, and ~ 7.5% higher than volume-averaged concentrations, respectively. Our findings highlight the importance of far-field transmission of airborne pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, which need to be considered in public health decision making.
Two recovered cases of large pontine hematoma
Authors: Unnithan Ajaya Kumar Ayyappan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Primary pontine haemorrhage results in profound morbidity and high mortality. The poor prognostic factors are: large paramedian pontine haematoma, transverse diameter greater than 2cm, and coma on admission. Two recovered cases of large pontine haematoma, are discussed.Case reports:A 59-year-old male was brought with Glasgow coma scale(GCS) score of E2M5V2. His blood pressure(BP) was 220/110 mmHg. He was intubated and ventilated. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed large pontine haematoma, of size 3 x 2.25 x 2 cm. He was given antioedema, antihypertensive, and cerebral protectant medications. Tracheostomy was done. He began to regain consciousness. Decannulation was done. He could walk with support on the fifty-fourth day. His Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) score was five indicating good recovery.A 57-year-old male was brought with GCS score E1M3V1. His BP was 200/100mmHg. He was intubated and ventilated. MRI scan showed a large haematoma of size 2.8 x 2.6 x 2.5 cm in pons extending to right side of midbrain. Tracheostomy was done. He obeyed commands on the fortieth day. Decannulation was done. His GOS score was three at six months, indicating severe disability.Conclusion:It is concluded from the case reports and the review of the literature that survival with good outcome is possible with large haemorrhage of pons. Intensive and supportive care can be continued if the patients start showing some improvement with the treatment.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activities of Resveratrol and Valproic Acid Ester Derivatives with Anti-Bladder-Cancer Effects
Authors: song juhyun , jo ara , bae songmi , byun ae sun , kim hyeryeong , choi Hyeong rok , jung Ilsoo , chung jinwoong , Yu Chen , Jung Dai-il 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bladder cancer is a frequently diagnosed cancer that has caused many deaths over the past few decades, especially in men. Surgery and drugs are used for treatment, but there are no anticancer drugs that can effectively treat this condition. In this study, we synthesized a new anticancer drug with known anticancer effects. Specifically, we synthesized esters and acid anhydrides via esterification and identified a product with significant anticancer effects. The anticancer effects of (E)-5-(4-hydroxystyryl)-1,3-phenylene didodecanoate (compound 2) on human bladder cancer cells were confirmed using an MTT assay and Annexin V staining. We found that cell viability was markedly reduced by compound 2 in bladder cancer cells at concentrations ≥ 4 mM as compared to that in control cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, the ratio of total apoptotic cells significantly increased at 6 mM, with low toxicity in normal cells. These results demonstrated that compound 2 may serve as a novel anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of human bladder cancer.
Energy Poverty clustering by using power-cut job order data of the Electricity Distribution Companies
Authors: emre tamer , Sözen Adnan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The identification of the population suffering from energy poverty is an essential requirement for producing systematic and sustainable solutions. A large amount of data, such as identity information, wage information, health information, asset information (title deed, rental income), expenditure information, debt information, credit information, bank records, etc. is used in the literature and country applications for this determination. The primary indicator of energy poverty is the arrears on utility bills. The arrears resulting from the affordability problem of the energy consumed trigger a power cut-off job order in the utility company. This research examines the literature and country social assistance implementation data to see how an energy poverty level can be identified using details on arrears and power-cut job orders. On this subject, power-cut job orders were constituted, because of arrears on utility bills, were subjected to statistical analysis, and the compatibility of arrear trend data with the socio-economic development index was investigated. Cities with a less indexes have more utility bill arrears in terms of both number and volume, according to correlation-test data. Non-technical losses are linked to less defined characteristics (loss & theft). The relationship between the growth index and the number of customers is another intriguing finding. Separating the consumption levels of arrears, it is found that 63% of total non-payment is depending on 18% of consumers. Trend analysis confirmed that every energy consumption level has the absolute and fluctuated component inside. The number of people inside the absolute poverty cluster is coherent with national and international approaches almost in the same number. The findings revealed that arrears on utility bills can be used specifically to assess the population identified with energy dependency rather than relying on evidence from a variety of sources.
Lack of Anti-Predator Recognition in a Marine Isopod Under the Threat of an Invasive Predatory Crab
Authors: Yli-Renko Maria , Pettay Jenni , Rothäusler Eva , Vesakoski Outi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The prey naïveté hypothesis suggests that the failure of prey to recognize novel predators as a threat is caused by a lack of anti-predator adaptations. We tested this hypothesis in a unique natural setting, where the isopod Idotea balthica encountered the rapidly spreading invasive crab, Rhithropanopeus harrissii. Earlier research had indicated high mortality of the isopods during exposure to R. harrissii. The isopod exerted no co-evolutionary history with any littoral crabs and thus the strong impact could be caused by lack of pre-adaptations towards the new prey species. We tested this hypothesis by studying the anti-predator responses of the isopods with water-born cues of R. harrissii and of the native predatory fish Perca fluviatilis. Compared to control water, the isopods lowered their activity when exposed to the fish cue. Instead crab cue did not induce anti-predator behaviour. We also tested our own hypothesis that mortality caused by novel predator would cause – similarly as predation by P. fluviatilis – differing selection for the two sexes and contribute to the evolution of personalities. However we found no differences in anti-predator behaviour nor in mortality between the sexes or personalities of the isopods. The outcomes reveal an interesting evolutionary scenario, where predation by local predator induce soft selection on prey characteristics, but invasive species cause hard selection without differentiating between prey individuals. Our study – conducted in the dawn of the population outbreak of R. harrissii - provides an excellent reference point for studies resolving the evolutionary impacts of invasive predators on naïve prey.
Repeatability of Radiomics Studies in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Ying , Wei Xiaoqin , Feng Xu , Liu Yan , Feng Guiling , du yong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Recently, radiomics has been widely used in colorectal cancer, but many variable factors affect the repeatability of radiomics research. This review aims to analyze the repeatability of radiomics studies in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the current status of radiomics in the field of colorectal cancer.Methods: A total of 68 eligible studies was included in this review by searching from the PubMed and EmBase databases. Then each study in our review was evaluated using the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS). We analyzed the factors that may affect the repeatability in the radiomics workflow and discussed the repeatability of the included researches.Results: A total of 68 articles was included in this review, of which only 2 (3%) articles controlled the influence of individual factors, just 2 (3%) articles considered the variability between scanners. In addition, the median score of RQS was 12(out of 36), range −7 to + 28. Conclusions: ﻿The RQS score was moderately low, and most studies did not consider the repeatability of radiomics features, especially in terms of Intra-individual, scanners, and scanning parameters. In order to improve the generalization of the radiomics model, it is necessary to further control the variable factors of repeatability.
Hyper Triplet-Triplet Fusion Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diode
Authors: Chen Chia-Hsun , Lee Pei-Hsi , Lin Hung-Yi , Lin Bo-Yen , Leung Man-kit , Chiu Tien-Lung , Lee Jiun-Haw 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Triplet is like a double-edged knife, that can degrade or benefit the electroluminescence performances of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), especially for blue light. Therefore, efficient triplet harvesting for triplet-triplet fusion (TTF) fluorescence emission is essential to achieving high-efficiency blue TTF-OLEDs, which are known for their excellent reliability. This study presents a hyper-TTF mechanism for maximizing triplet exciton usage and avoiding triplet-polaron quenching to generate more photons through Dexter energy transfer (DET) and TTF processes. Specially, a triplet tank layer (TTL) was introduced adjacent to the TTF emitting layer (EML). Efficient carrier recombination and triplet generation are confined to the TTL of the device. Most triplets were observed to undergo DET from the TTL to the TTF EML; they subsequently became singlets exhibiting delayed fluorescence. Furthermore, the triplet-polaron quenching is suppressed by inhibiting hole into the TTF EML. A record-high TTF-OLED efficiency was achieved with an external quantum efficiency of 15.4%.
Contamination of heterogeneous lower crust in Hannuoba tholeiite: Evidence from in situ trace elements and strontium isotopes of plagioclase
Authors: Su Yu-Tong , Yang Zong-Feng , Guo Shuang-Yan , Li Pei-Pei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Hannuoba basalt, located in the northern margin of the North China Craton, is a typical intra-continental basalt with ocean island basalt-like geochemical features and has been extensively studied. However, its origin and deep processes, such as magma mixing and crystallization conditions, are still unclear. To further understand the mechanisms leading to the compositional heterogeneity and magmatic processes of Hannuoba basalt at crustal and/or mantle depth, in situ major element, trace element, and 87Sr/86Sr compositional heterogeneity of four representative plagioclase crystals in three Hannuoba tholeiite samples, as well as whole-rock major and trace element data, are reported. According to the petrographic characteristics, the basalts are divided into fine-grained and coarse-grained groups. The anorthite content in plagioclase of samples varies in a small range (56–64%), but the content of trace elements in plagioclase from the coarse-grained samples is generally higher than that of the fine-grained samples. Clinopyroxene-melt equilibrium thermobarometer and plagioclase-clinopyroxene magnesium and rare earth element exchange thermometers show that the magma for the two types of basalt was stored and crystallized at a similar depth, and crystallized within a 20 °C (fine-grained basalt) and 50 °C (coarse-grained basalt) temperature window, which may be a reason for the grain size differences between the two types of basalts. We found that 87Sr/86Sr of all the studied plagioclase crystals varied from 0.70333 ± 0.00018 (2SE) to 0.70556 ± 0.00031 (2SE), a much large range than the whole rock of Hannuoba basalts reported previously and consistent with that of Cenozoic basalts in North China. Therefore, at least two kinds of melts with significant differences in isotope and minor heterogeneity in major and trace elements are injected into each magma plumbing system. The content of trace elements in the Hanuoba tholeiite is between the Hanuoba alkaline basalt and the lower crust, which may be explained by the mixing of the alkaline basalt and the lower crust, but the low 87Sr/86Sr (&lt;0.704) characteristics of plagioclase cannot be derived from alkaline basalts, because trace element abundances in the plagioclase are not in equilibrium with the alkaline basalt. Therefore, we believe that the compositional heterogeneity of Hannuoba tholeiitic basalt is caused by the mixing of heterogeneous lower crust rather than different mantle-derived melts. In turn this indicates that the contribution of the continental lower crust to the continental basalt is more complicated than previously recognized.
Flat sheet metakaolin ceramic membrane for water desalination via direct contact membrane distillation
Authors: Zewdie Tsegahun Mekonnen , Habtu Nigus Gabbiye , Dutta Abhishek , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hydrophobic metakaolin-based flat sheet membrane was developed via phase inversion and sintering technique and modified through 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane grafting agents. The prepared membrane was characterized by different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, contact angle, porosity, and mechanical strength. Their results indicated that the wettability, structural, and mechanical properties of the prepared membrane confirm the suitability of the material for membrane distillation (MD) application. The prepared metakaolin-based flat sheet membrane acquired hydrophobic properties after surface modification with the water contact angle values of 113.2° to 143.3°. Afterward, the membrane performance was tested for different sodium chloride aqueous solutions (synthetic seawater) and various operating parameters (feed temperature, feed flow rate) using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). Based on the findings, the prepared membrane at metakaolin loading of 45 wt.% and sintered at 1,300 °C was achieved the best performance with &gt;95% salt rejection and permeate flux of 6.58 ± 0.3 L/m2 · h at feed temperature of 80 °C, feed concentration of 35 g/L, and feed flow rate of 60 L/h. It can be concluded that further optimization of membrane porosity, mechanical, and surface properties is required to maximize the permeate flux and salt rejection.
Tomás Calvillo Unna. El rapto de la interioridad
Authors: Fonseca Patrón Ana Laura 
Published: March 2022

El texto es una reseña de manera ensayística el texto de Calvillo, T. (2018). El rapto de la interioridad, San Luis Potosí, México: El colegio de San Luis. Se toman como ejes conductores de la lectura algunos supuestos sobre la relación entre ciencia, tecnología y sociedad que se considera son criticados de forma tácita dentro del texto de Calvillo. A través del análisis de cómo se presentan estos supuestos en muchas de las situaciones que plantea Calvillo a lo largo de su libro y cómo el los crítica, se hace patente la respuesta que Calvillo esboza para la vorágine de la vida moderna. La reseña concluye sugiriendo que algunos estudios de ciencias cognitivas, en particular de cognición situada, corporizada y distribuida pueden ayudar en el entendimiento de la vía planteada por Calvillo.
La interioridad en la era tecnológicaTomás Calvillo Unna (2018). El rapto de la interioridad. El Colegio de San Luis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21696/rcsl102120201218
Immunoliposomes: A Targeted Drug Delivery System for Cancer
Therapeutics and Vaccination
Authors: Gupta Jitendra , Gupta Reena , Pathak Abhishek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Cancer has become one of the world's most lethal and life-threatening disorders, resulting
in many deaths. Drug targeting and managing drug delivery are concepts that are implemented to
increase a drug's therapeutic index by enhancing its specificity to particular cells, tissues, or organs
and reducing its action and harmful side effects. Liposomes have proven to be one of the most innovative
drug delivery systems in medicine. Immunoliposomes, also known as antibody-coupled
liposomes, have gained a lot of attention as a homing device for targeted therapies. Monoclonal antibodies
or antibody fragments that combine with liposomes to create immunoliposomes have been
considered a leading technique for targeted delivery. Various functionalization strategies are adopted
for the non-covalent and covalent binding of monoclonal antibodies and their components to liposomal
surfaces, such as thiolation, amide bonds, hydrazone bonds, and electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic
interactions, hydrogen bonding, etc. for cancer-specific targeting. This provides an overview
of various stimulus-responsive immunoliposomes capable of regulating drug release in response
to an exogenous magnetic field, changes in temperature or pH, enzyme concentration, endogenous
stimuli, and applications of immunoliposomes in vaccination and cancer therapeutics and
endogenous immune response stimulation.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Celecoxib Analogues with Potential Cytotoxic
and Pro-apoptotic Activity against Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7
Authors: Abdelhaleem Eman F. , Kassab Asmaa E. , El-Nassan Hala B. , Khalil Omneya M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Breast cancer is currently the leading cause of worldwide cancer incidence
exceeding lung cancer. In addition, breast cancer accounts for 1 in 4 cancer cases and 1 in 6 cancer
deaths among women. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is still the main therapeutic approach for patients
with metastatic breast cancer.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to synthesize a series of novel celecoxib analogues to evaluate
their anticancer activity against the MCF-7 cell line.

Method:
Our design of target compounds was based on preserving the pyrazole moiety of celecoxib
attached to two phenyl rings, one of them having a polar hydrogen bonding group (sulfonamide or
methoxy group). The methyl group of the second phenyl ring was replaced with chlorine or bromine
atom. Finally, the trifluoromethyl group was replaced with arylidene hydrazine-1-carbonyl moiety,
which is substituted either with fluoro or methoxy group, offering various electronic and lipophilic
environments. These modifications were carried out to investigate their effects on the antiproliferative
activity of the newly synthesized celecoxib analogues and to provide a valuable structure-
activity relationship.

Results:
Four compounds, namely 4e-h, exhibited significant antitumor activity. Compounds 4e, 4f
and 4h showed 1.2-2 folds more potent anticancer activity than celecoxib. Celecoxib analogue 4f
showed the most potent anti-proliferative activity. Its anti-proliferative activity seems to associate
well with its ability to inhibit BCL-2. Moreover, activation of the damage response pathway of the
DNA leads to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and accumulation of cells in the pre-G1 phase,
indicating that cell death proceeds through an apoptotic mechanism. Compound 4f exhibited a potent
pro-apoptotic effect via induction of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This mechanistic
pathway was proved by a significant increase in the expression of the tumor suppressor gene
p53, elevation in Bax/BCL-2 ratio, and a significant increase in the level of active caspase-7. Furthermore,
compound 4f showed moderate COX-2 inhibitory activity.

Conclusion:
Celecoxib analogue 4f is a promising multi-targeted lead for the design and synthesis of
potent anticancer agents.
Pregabalin Induced Maculopapular Eruption in an Elderly Male
Authors: Kaur Upinder , Jaiswal Sumit , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra , Rai Tulika , Dhameja Neeraj , Mohan Atul , Yadav Vandana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Pregabalin is used in the treatment of neuropathic pain of various etiologies and as adjuvant in epilepsy. Blockade of the α2δ subunit of L and N type Ca-channels is its main mechanism of neurotropic action. Compared to other antiepileptics like phenytoin, valproate and lamotrigine, and other neuropathic pain medications such as amitriptyline and duloxetine, pregabalin has a relatively favorable safety profile and hence is a drug of choice for many geriatricians. Here we describe a case of maculopapular rash induced by pregabalin in an elderly man which resolved with withdrawal of the offending drug and conservative management. We have also conducted a literature review of similar cases and highlight the clinical patterns and management strategies for pregabalin induced skin rashes.
A VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF AVAPRITINIB IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: MISHRA SUVASISH , SARKER KOUSHIK , GHOSH AVIJIT , SAHA ABHIJIT , SEN SUBRATA 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The present investigation aims to develop a simple, cost effective, and reliable stability-indicating RP-HPLC assay method for analysis of avapritinib in bulk and the tablet dosage form.
Methods: The method was developed using Acetonitrile and Methanol in a ratio of 70:30 (v/v) as the mobile phase, flowing at a rate of 1 ml/min, in an isocratic mode. A reverse phase column (Symmetry C18 column, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) was used as the stationary phase. The detection of the compound was made using a UV detector set at 245 nm. The validation and force degradation studies of the method were done following the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Results: The method was validated using the prescribed parameters like system suitability, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, robustness, specificity etc. The relative standard deviation (% RSD) of the peak area observed in each case was found within the accepted range (< 2%). The tailing factor and the plate count were found to be less than 2 and more than 2000 respectively in each observation. The coefficient of correlation (r2) value in the linearity study was found to be 0.9997. The drug was found to be quantified accurately in presence of its degraded products.
Conclusion: The developed simple and economic method is a suitable option for the qualitative and quantitative study of avapritinib in bulk and tablets even in presence of its degraded products which may arise because of oxidation, hydrolysis, thermal and photolytic decomposition.