bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suramin enhances chondrogenic properties by regulating the p67phox/PI3K/AKT/SOX9 signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Zi-Miao , Shen Po-Chih , Lu Cheng-Chang , Chou Shih-Hsiang , Tien Yin-Chun 
Published: October 2022

Aims Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a promising treatment for articular cartilage degeneration and injury; however, it requires a large number of human hyaline chondrocytes, which often undergo dedifferentiation during in vitro expansion. This study aimed to investigate the effect of suramin on chondrocyte differentiation and its underlying mechanism. Methods Porcine chondrocytes were treated with vehicle or various doses of suramin. The expression of collagen, type II, alpha 1 (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN); COL1A1; COL10A1; SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9); nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX); interleukin (IL)-1β; tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); IL-8; and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) in chondrocytes at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. In addition, the supplementation of suramin to redifferentiation medium for the culture of expanded chondrocytes in 3D pellets was evaluated. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen production were evaluated by biochemical analyses and immunofluorescence, as well as by immunohistochemistry. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NOX activity were assessed by luciferase reporter gene assay, immunofluorescence analysis, and flow cytometry. Mutagenesis analysis, Alcian blue staining, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot assay were used to determine whether p67phox was involved in suramin-enhanced chondrocyte phenotype maintenance. Results Suramin enhanced the COL2A1 and ACAN expression and lowered COL1A1 synthesis. Also, in 3D pellet culture GAG and COL2A1 production was significantly higher in pellets consisting of chondrocytes expanded with suramin compared to controls. Surprisingly, suramin also increased ROS generation, which is largely caused by enhanced NOX (p67phox) activity and membrane translocation. Overexpression of p67phox but not p67phoxAD (deleting amino acid (a.a) 199 to 212) mutant, which does not support ROS production in chondrocytes, significantly enhanced chondrocyte phenotype maintenance, SOX9 expression, and AKT (S473) phosphorylation. Knockdown of p67phox with its specific short hairpin (sh) RNA (shRNA) abolished the suramin-induced effects. Moreover, when these cells were treated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) inhibitor LY294002 or shRNA of AKT1, p67phox-induced COL2A1 and ACAN expression was significantly inhibited. Conclusion Suramin could redifferentiate dedifferentiated chondrocytes dependent on p67phox activation, which is mediated by the PI3K/AKT/SOX9 signalling pathway. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(10):723–738.
Classifying Early Blight and Late Blight of Potato Based on Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Qi Haixia , Lin Zhenxin , Zhu Yifeng , Hao Jianjun , Lan Yubin 
Published: October 2022

HighlightsA convolution neural network (CNN) model, called M_Net, was designed to recognize early blight and late blight in potato.Our model achieves the highest accuracy with low computation requirements compare with other popular deep neural networks.Hyperparameters tuning is performed to optimize accuracy, generalization, and computation requirements for potato disease classification.Experimental results show that the combination of multiple datasets improves the generalization of the model.Abstract.Early and late blight are two of the most common potato diseases. Intelligent tools for automatically detecting these two diseases can benefit farmers and agricultural extension officers. However, it remains a challenge to use traditional image processing methods to recognize these diseases. Convolution neural network (CNN) is an advanced methodology in computer vision, which shows great promise in image classification. This article explores CNN models to classify potato early blight and late blight based on leaf images. This research task has three challenges: lack of adequate datasets, noise in existing data, and the construction of a model that handles variability in image backgrounds. This research designs a CNN model M_Net based on MobileNetV1 network and uses different dataset sources in the construction of a CNN model with a strong generalization ability to identify disease leaves and healthy leaves. Furthermore, this article adds a new dataset to the field by supplying the model with potato leaf images. The results show that the CNN model achieves the highest accuracy with low calculation cost compared to some classical models and the final model has a strong generalization capacity. Keywords: Accuracy, CNN, Early blight, Generalization ability, Late blight.
100G fine-granularity flexible-rate passive optical networks based on discrete multi-tone with PAPR optimization
Authors: Zhou Ji , He Jiale , Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Guanyu , Bo Yu , Liu Gengchen , Huang Yuanda , Li Liangchuan , Yang Chengkun , Wang Haide , Mo Wenxuan , Liu Weiping , Yu Changyuan , Li Zhaohui 
Published: October 2022

To meet rapidly growing customer-traffic demands, passive optical networks (PONs) have been widely applied in optical access networks. However, one common imperfection of the commercially deployed PON is that the maximum rate is limited by the optical power budget of the worst-case optical network unit (ONU). If the current infrastructure is to continue into the future 100 Gb/s PON, the optical power budget of the worst-case ONU probably cannot meet the requirement for the 100 Gb/s data transmission. In this paper, we propose a new 100 Gb/s fine-granularity flexible-rate (FGFR) PON based on discrete multi-tone (DMT) with peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) optimization. The FGFR DMT-PON frame integrates the DMT subframe with time-division multiple access to achieve higher overall throughput. Each ONU is able to achieve the maximum data rate depending on its optical power budget. A high PAPR is a big obstacle to the practical applications of the DMT in the PON. We use the joint clipping operation and clipping-noise-cancellation algorithm to mitigate the high PAPR for the DMT signal. The experimental results show that the FGFR DMT-PON can achieve a wide-range data-rate adjustment from 25 to 100 Gb/s with a potential granularity of 50 Mb/s under the optical power budget from 36 to 26 dB.
Pneumococcal carriage in adults aged 50 years and older in outpatient health care facility during pandemic COVID-19 in Novi Sad, Serbia
Authors: Petrović Vladimir , Ristić Mioljub , Milosavljević Biljana , Djilas Milan , Marković Miloš 
Published: October 2022

Background
Data related to carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and antimicrobial resistance patterns in middle-aged and older adults are limited. We assessed the carriage of Spn, and its antibiotic resistance patterns, among participants ≥50 years of age living in the city of Novi Sad during the second year of COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Analysis of prospectively collected data among participants with or without symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection who visited their elected physicians in the Primary Health Care Centre of Novi Sad (outpatient facility) was conducted from May 18, 2021 to December 7, 2021. Both nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) samples from each participant were collected.

Results
A total of 1042 samples from 521 study subjects (1 NP and 1 OP sample from each person) were collected. Sixteen samples from the same number of persons (3.1%, 95% confidence interval: 1.76%-4.94%) were culture positive for the presence of Spn. Overall, the median age of study participants was 71 years (range, 50–93 years; 90th percentile, 77 years), and most (197/521, 37.8%) of them were 70–79 years of age. A majority of the study subjects were: females (324/521; 62.2%), sampled during May and June 2021 (376/521, 72.2%), those who did not have contact with children aged 0–10 years in the family (403/521; 77.4%), without smokers in the household (443/521; 85.0%), and those who did not receive vaccine against Spn (519/521; 99.6%). Out of 16 Spn positive samples, for six participants, Spn carriage serotypes were obtained and there were four vaccine (6A, 11A, 15B, and 18C) serotypes, and two (6C and 35F) non-vaccine serotypes. Remaining 10 (62.50%) samples were non-typeable isolates of pneumococci. Among four vaccine serotypes, two (6A and 18C) were represented in PCV13, and 18C along with the other two (11A and 15B) in PPSV23 vaccine. The highest level of resistance of Spn isolates was observed for erythromycin, (10 or 62.50%), and tetracycline, (7 or 43.75%), one isolate showed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while none of them were resistant to ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin. There were three multi-drug resistant isolates; one was identified as 6C (non-vaccine serotype), and two other were non-typeable isolates of Spn.

Conclusions
In this first study conducted in Serbia on Spn carriage in adults ≥50 years of age, we found low prevalence of Spn carriage and identified 6 serotypes of Spn, four of which were represented in vaccines. These results may support future Spn colonization studies among middle-aged and older adults.
Protein C activity as a potential prognostic factor for nursing home-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Oi Issei , Ito Isao , Tanabe Naoya , Konishi Satoshi , Hamao Nobuyoshi , Shirata Masahiro , Imai Seiichiro , Yasutomo Yoshiro , Kadowaki Seizo , Matsumoto Hisako , Hidaka Yu , Morita Satoshi , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Despite the poor prognosis for nursing home acquired pneumonia (NHAP), a useful prognostic factor is lacking. We evaluated protein C (PC) activity as a predictor of in-hospital death in patients with NHAP and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods
This prospective, observational study included all patients hospitalized with pneumonia between July 2007 and December 2012 in a single hospital. We measured PC activity at admission and investigated whether it was different between survivors and non-survivors. We also examined whether PC activity < 55% was a predictor for in-hospital death of pneumonia by logistic regression analysis with CURB-65 items (confusion, blood urea >20 mg/dL, respiratory rate >30/min, and blood pressure <90/60 mmHg, age >65). When it was a useful prognostic factor for pneumonia, we combined PC activity with the existing prognostic scores, the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65, and analyzed its additional effect by comparing the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the modified and original scores.

Results
Participants comprised 75 NHAP and 315 CAP patients. PC activity was lower among non-survivors than among survivors in NHAP and all-pneumonia (CAP+NHAP). PC activity <55% was a useful prognostic predictor for NHAP (Odds ratio 7.39 (95% CI; 1.59–34.38), and when PSI or CURB-65 was combined with PC activity, the AUC improved (from 0.712 to 0.820 for PSI, and 0.657 to 0.734 for CURB-65).

Conclusions
PC activity was useful for predicting in-hospital death of pneumonia, especially in NHAP, and became more useful when combined with the PSI or CURB-65.
Objectively measured physical activity levels and adherence to physical activity guidelines in people with multimorbidity—A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jørgensen Lars Bo , Bricca Alessio , Bernhardt Anna , Juhl Carsten B. , Tang Lars Hermann , Mortensen Sofie Rath , Eriksen Jonas Ahler , Walløe Sisse , Skou Søren T. 
Published: October 2022

Objective
To determine levels of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and the proportion of adults with multimorbidity that adheres to PA guidelines.

Methods
All studies, where PA was measured at baseline using an activity monitor in an adult (≥18 years) multimorbid (≥80% of the population had ≥2 chronic conditions) population. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, opengrey.eu and google.com from inception up until 18th of January 2022. Risk of bias was assessed with a modified version of the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. A random-effects meta-analyses was performed to estimate daily minutes of sedentary behavior (SB), light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and steps. Proportions adhering to PA guidelines was narratively synthesized. Certainty of evidence was determined using The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results
Fifteen studies (2,172 participants) were included. The most frequent combination of conditions were type 2 diabetes and hypertension (six studies). Participants spent a daily average of 500.5 (95% CI: 407.1 to 593.9) minutes in SB, 325.6 (95% CI: 246.4 to 404.7 minutes in LPA and 32.7 (95% CI: 20.2 to 45.3) minutes in MVPA. The mean daily number of steps was 5,145 (95% CI: 4264 to 6026) for people in free-living conditions. The proportion adhering to PA guidelines ranged widely (7.4% to 43%). All studies were rated as at high risk of bias and the certainty of evidence was very low.

Conclusions
PA levels and adherence varied from low to above guideline recommended levels for adults with chronic conditions, depending on PA intensity. The very low certainty of evidence calls for high quality studies focusing on detailed descriptions of PA behavior in people with multimorbidity.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020172456.
The health benefit of physical exercise on COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from mainland China
Authors: Lin Ruofei , Hu Xiaoli , Guo Lige , Huang Junpei 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Our study aims to investigate the health benefit of regular physical exercise participation on a series of COVID-19 outcomes including COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, and cure rate.

Methods
Prefecture-level panel data related to physical exercise and the COVID-19 pandemic in China were collected from January 1 to March 17, 2020, (N = 21379). Multiple linear regression was conducted, and the ordinary least squares technique was used to estimate the coefficient.

Results
It was shown that regular sports participation significantly negatively affected COVID-19 morbidity (estimate = -1.1061, p<0.01) and mortality (estimate = -0.3836, p<0.01), and positively affected cure rate (estimate = 0.0448, p<0.01), implying that engaging in physical exercise regularly does have a significant positive effect on COVID-19 outcomes. Then, we explored the heterogeneity of the effect of physical exercise on areas with different risk levels and it was revealed that the effect of physical exercise was more pronounced in high-risk areas in terms of morbidity (estimate = -1.8776, p<0.01 in high-risk areas; estimate = -0.0037, p<0.01 in low-risk areas), mortality (estimate = -0.3982, p<0.01 in high-risk areas; estimate = -0.3492, p<0.01 in low-risk areas), and cure rate (estimate = 0.0807, p<0.01 in high-risk areas; 0.0193 = -0.0037, p<0.05 in low-risk areas).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that regularly engaging in physical exercise before the pandemic has positive health effects, especially in the case of a more severe epidemic. Therefore, we urge readers to actively engage in physical exercise so that we can reduce the risks in the event of a pandemic.
London’s Arts Labs and the 60s Avant-Garde, David Curtis (2020)
Authors: Hamlyn Nicky 
Published: October 2022

Review of: London’s Arts Labs and the 60s Avant-Garde, David Curtis (2020)

Artists’ Film, David Curtis (2021)
New Barnet: John Libbey, 170 pp., ISBN 978-0-86196-748-3, p/bk, £24.99 eISBN 978-0-86196-979-1, e-book, £17.20
London: Thames and Hudson, 338 pp., ISBN 978-0-50020-473-3, p/bk, £16.99
Ectopic Vaginal Varices With Hemorrhage After Hysterectomy
Authors: Smith John K. , Gautam Manjushree , Wortley Phillip G. , Elsiesy Hussien , Gonzalez Stevan A. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Vaginal and uterine varices are well documented in pregnancy, although development of vaginal varices in patients with portal hypertension occurs in an exceptionally rare subset. Only 12 cases are reported in the literature; all but 3 of these cases involved patients with a history of hysterectomy, with 1 of the remaining 2 exhibiting partial obliteration of the uterine plexus due to radiation therapy for cervical cancer. We present a case of recurrent vaginal variceal bleeding in a patient with a history of hysterectomy, initially managed with vaginal tamponade and ultimately requiring definitive treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion.
Indolent T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease: A Rare Case of a Benign Lymphoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract With Extra-Gastrointestinal Involvement
Authors: David Robin , Mishra Kajali , Gilbert Emily R. , Mirza Kamran M. , Hendler Steven 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an exceedingly rare benign proliferation of clonal and mature-appearing lymphoid cells originating from the GI tract. We discuss the case of a 52-year-old woman with indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disease of the GI tract manifesting as chronic diarrhea and profound weight loss. Interestingly, the patient also had extra-GI involvement of her disease process, which has not been previously reported. Our patient was managed with steroids with improvement in symptoms and weight gain. We provide a review of the literature to highlight the importance of early recognition and intervention of this disease entity.
Comparative Study of Structural and Mechanical Properties of as Deposited and Shock Wave Exposed NiW Nano Structured Thin Films
Authors: Nivetha G , Kannan R. , Selvambikai M , Vasantharaj C , Praveen Kumar B , Prem Kumar P. S , Sundararaj K 
Published: October 2022

The current work describes the effect of shock wave exposure on electroplated NiW thin films. NiW thin films were deposited through electrodeposition process by varying the bath temperatures (35°C and 70°C) at constant current density of 1A/dm2. The deposited NiW thin films were exposed to shock waves with varying Mach numbers of 1.13 and 2.33 using an in-house shock wave tube facility. The as-deposited and shock wave-exposed NiW thin films were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDS, and EIS to reveal its structural and mechanical properties. The XRD results disclose the stable cubic structural phase of as deposited and shock wave exposed NiW thin films with average crystallite size varying between 5 nm to 17nm. The elemental composition of as-deposited and shock-wave exposed films are similar as confirmed in the EDS analysis. This henceforth represents the stability of nanostructured NiW film in terms of compositional and structural aspect. Morphological analysis through FESEM shows that the exposed thin film is defect free due to the impact of shock waves. Furthermore, corrosion resistance is observed to enhance ten times in shock-wave exposed thin film than as-deposited thin film for higher mach number (Pressure ~63 bar). Similarly, corrosion resistance for low mach number (pressure ~13 bar) increases by three times of as deposited film according to the EIS analysis. Therefore, the structural, morphological and corrosion properties were enhanced upon surface treatment by shock wave exposure. NiW thin films with enhanced mechanical properties such as low corrosion rate, high corrosion resistance is used in various industrial applications like defense applications, aircraft, and marine applications.
Flujo de potencia en redes de distribución eléctrica trifásicas no equilibradas utilizando Matlab: Teoría, análisis y simulación cuasi-dinámica
Authors: Garcés-Ruiz Alejandro 
Published: October 2022

Contexto: El flujo de potencia es un problema clásico para la operación de redes de distribución de energía. Es un problema desafiante debido a la gran cantidad de nodos, la alta relación $r/x$ típica de las redes de baja tensión y la naturaleza desequilibrada de la carga.
Métodos: Este documento revisa cuatro métodos para el análisis de flujo de potencia, a saber: el método de Newton convencional, el método de Newton en un dominio complejo, el algoritmo de punto fijo que utiliza la representación de admitancia nodal ($Y_\text{bus$) y el algoritmo de barrido hacia atrás y hacia adelante. Se presenta la convergencia de estos métodos en teoría y práctica. Es bien sabido que el método de Newton tiene convergencia cuadrática, mientras que el algoritmo de barrido hacia atrás y adelante tiene convergencia lineal. Sin embargo, el análisis formal de esta tasa de convergencia es menos conocido en la literatura de ingeniería.
Resultados: se desarrolla una caja de herramientas de Matlab para realizar simulaciones numéricas tanto en el caso estático como en una simulación cuasi-dinámica usando el sistema de pruebe IEEE de 900 nodos.
Conclusiones: Los algoritmos de punto fijo resultaron más rápidos. No obstante, los algoritmos basados en Newton requirieron menor número de iteraciones.
Influence of 4 weeks of downhill running on calcium sensitivity of rat single muscle fibers
Authors: Hubbard Emma F. , Hinks Avery , Mashouri Parastoo , Power Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImproved Ca2+ sensitivity has been suggested as a mechanism behind enhancements in muscle mechanical function following eccentric training. However, little is known regarding the effects of eccentric training on single muscle fiber Ca2+ sensitivity. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (sacrificial age ~18 weeks; mass = 400.1 ± 34.8 g) were assigned to an eccentric training (n = 5) or sedentary control group (n = 6). Eccentric training consisted of 4 weeks of weighted downhill running 3×/week at a 15° decline and 16 m/min for 35 min per day in 5‐min bouts. After sacrifice, vastus intermedius single muscle fibers were dissected, chemically permeabilized, and stored until testing. Fibers (n = 63) were isolated, and standard Ca2+ sensitivity, force, rate of force redevelopment (ktr), and active instantaneous stiffness tests were performed using [Ca2+] ranging from 7.0 to 4.5. Following all mechanical testing, fiber type was determined using SDS‐PAGE. There was no difference in pCa50 (i.e., [Ca2+] needed to elicit half of maximal force) between groups or between fiber types. However, when comparing normalized force across pCa values, fibers from the control group produced greater forces than fibers from the trained group at lower Ca2+ concentrations (p < 0.05), and this was most evident for Type I fibers (p = 0.002). Type II fibers produced faster (p < 0.001) ktr than Type I fibers, but there were no differences in absolute force, normalized force, or other measures of mechanical function between fibers from the trained and control groups. These findings indicate that eccentric training does not appear to improve single muscle fiber Ca2+ sensitivity.
Sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer: A literature review
Authors: Zhou Hai-ying , Chen Yi , Li Ping , He Xiaoxin , Zhong Jieyu , Hu Zhengming , Liu Li , Chen Yun , Cui Guanghui , Sun Desheng , Zheng Tingting 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence among women. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are currently used as the first-line methods for treating BC. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) in combination with sonosensitizers exerts a synergistic effect. The therapeutic effects of SDT depend on factors, such as the intensity, frequency, and duration of ultrasound, and the type and the biological model of sonosensitizer. Current reviews have focused on the possibility of using tumor-seeking sonosensitizers, sometimes in combination with different therapies, such as immunotherapy. This study elucidates the therapeutic mechanism of interaction between SDT and tissue as well as the current progress in medical applications of SDT to BC.