bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) protocol for systematic assessment of the crashing neonate—expert consensus statement of the international crashing neonate working group
Authors: Elsayed Yasser , Wahab Muzafar Gani Abdul , Mohamed Adel , Fadel Nadya Ben , Bhombal Shazia , Yousef Nadya , Fraga María V. , Afifi Jehier , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Hyderi Abbas , Katheria Anup , Kluckow Martin , De Luca Daniele , Singh Yogen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sudden unexpected clinical deterioration or cardiorespiratory instability is common in neonates and is often referred as a “crashing” neonate. The established resuscitation guidelines provide an excellent framework to stabilize and evaluate these infants, but it is primarily based upon clinical assessment only. However, clinical assessment in sick neonates is limited in identifying underlying pathophysiology. The Crashing Neonate Protocol (CNP), utilizing point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), is specifically designed for use in neonatal emergencies. It can be applied both in term and pre-term neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The proposed protocol involves a stepwise systematic assessment with basic ultrasound views which can be easily learnt and reproduced with focused structured training on the use of portable ultrasonography (similar to the FAST and BLUE protocols in adult clinical practice). We conducted a literature review of the evidence-based use of POCUS in neonatal practice. We then applied stepwise voting process with a modified DELPHI strategy (electronic voting) utilizing an international expert group to prioritize recommendations. We also conducted an international survey among a group of neonatologists practicing POCUS. The lead expert authors identified a specific list of recommendations to be included in the proposed CNP. This protocol involves pre-defined steps focused on identifying the underlying etiology of clinical instability and assessing the response to intervention.Conclusion: To conclude, the newly proposed POCUS-based CNP should be used as an adjunct to the current recommendations for neonatal resuscitation and not replace them, especially in infants unresponsive to standard resuscitation steps, or where the underlying cause of deterioration remains unclear.

What is known?

• Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is helpful in evaluation of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms in sick infants.

What is new?

• The Crashing Neonate Protocol (CNP) is proposed as an adjunct to the current recommendations for neonatal resuscitation, with pre-defined steps focused on gaining information regarding the underlying pathophysiology in unexplained “crashing” neonates.

• The proposed CNP can help in targeting specific and early therapy based upon the underlying pathophysiology, and it allows assessment of the response to intervention(s) in a timely fashion.
Effects of sugar-free polyol chewing gums on gingival inflammation: a systematic review
Authors: Söderling Eva , Pienihäkkinen Kaisu , Gursoy Ulvi Kahraman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
A systematic review of published data was conducted with the aim of assessing the effects of sugar-free polyol chewing gums on gingival inflammation.

Materials and methods
Electronic and hand searches were performed to find clinical studies concerning the effects of sugar-free chewing gums on gingival scores. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trials published between 1971 and 2021 were included in the review.

Results
The initial search identified 46 erythritol, 102 xylitol, 23 sorbitol, and nine maltitol chewing gum articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven xylitol chewing gum studies, one sorbitol, and one maltitol chewing gum study with either high or fair quality were reviewed. In five out of the seven xylitol studies, xylitol gum decreased gingival scores. In two studies, xylitol decreased gingival scores compared to a polyol gum, and in three studies compared to no gum/gum base. As for sorbitol and maltitol, only sorbitol gum chewing showed a small decrease in gingival scores compared to the controls.

Conclusions
Habitual xylitol gum chewing may reduce gingival inflammation. The low number of studies and their heterogeneity provide clear indications that the effects of sugar-free polyol chewing gums on gingival inflammation need further, well-controlled studies.

Clinical relevance
Sugar-free chewing gums, especially xylitol gum, may function as adjuncts to toothbrushing for reducing gingival inflammation, but the evidence so far is inconclusive.
Groundwater quality: global challenges, emerging threats and novel approaches
Authors: Lapworth Dan , Boving Thomas , Brauns Bentje , Dottridge Jane , Hynds Paul , Kebede Seifu , Kreamer David , Misstear Bruce , Mukherjee Abhijit , Re Viviana , Sorensen James , Vargas Claudia Ruz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImproving our understanding of groundwater quality threats to human health and the environment is essential to protect and manage groundwater resources effectively. This essay highlights some global groundwater quality challenges, describes key contaminant groups and threats of emerging concern, including antimicrobial resistance, and discusses novel approaches to assessing groundwater quality. Groundwater quality monitoring needs to improve significantly in order to effectively identify and mitigate threats to groundwater from historical, current and future pollution.
Estimating dynamic spatial panel data models with endogenous regressors using synthetic instruments
Authors: Fingleton Bernard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe paper applies synthetic instruments, initially developed for cross-sectional regression, to estimate dynamic spatial panel data models. These have two main advantages. First, instruments correlated with endogenous variables and yet independent of the errors are difficult to find. Not only are synthetic instruments normally exogenous, but they are usually strongly correlated with endogenous variables, and thus help to avoid the problem of weak instruments. Secondly, they help to reduce instrumental variables proliferation, which is a common result of standard methods of avoiding endogeneity bias. As demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulation, instrument proliferation causes bias in the Sargan–Hansen J test statistic, which is an important indicator of instrument validity and hence estimation consistency. It is also associated with a downward bias in parameter standard error estimates. The paper shows the results of applying synthetic instruments across a variety of different specifications and data generating processes, and it illustrates the method with real data leading to more reliable inference of causal impacts on the level of employment across London districts.
Carl Menger’s Smithian contributions to German political economy
Authors: Kolev Stefan , Dekker Erwin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we contextualize Carl Menger’s work in relation to the transformations of German political economy from the 1860s to the 1890s. We demonstrate that hisGrundsätze(1871) was a culmination of the German subjectivist tradition which had started in the early nineteenth century. Menger’s synthesis of this tradition is comparable to Adam Smith’s synthesis of earlier knowledge in theWealth of Nations(1776). Menger’s contribution was continuous with the intellectual project of leading German economists, such as Wilhelm Roscher, to whom Menger had dedicated his book. Roscher, however, also promoted a historical turn, that was combined with a progressive policy agenda by a new generation of German economists after they founded the Verein für Socialpolitik in 1872. These divergent Roscherian legacies clashed vehemently in the Methodenstreit. During this debate Menger elaborated in hisUntersuchungen(1883) an evolutionary and spontaneous theory of institutional change, in line with the legacy of the Scottish Enlightenment and in contrast to a more rationalist and constructivist theory of institutional change expounded by Gustav Schmoller and other Verein economists. The new policy-oriented direction of German political economy carried the day, also due the fundamental socio-economic transformations in the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires, and prompted Menger to restate in 1891 the social policy agenda of the classical political economists, most prominently Smith. Menger’s recurrent proximities to Smithian political economy – in the synthetic contribution of 1871, the theoretical innovation of 1883, and the policy agenda of 1891 – suggest that his arguments are best understood as a defense of what Boettke has called the “mainline” in economics.
Mechanical design, modeling, and identification for a novel antagonistic variable stiffness dexterous finger
Authors: Hu Handong , Liu Yiwei , Xie Zongwu , Yao Jianfeng , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study traces the development of dexterous hand research and proposes a novel antagonistic variable stiffness dexterous finger mechanism to improve the safety of dexterous hand in unpredictable environments, such as unstructured or man-made operational errors through comprehensive consideration of cost, accuracy, manufacturing, and application. Based on the concept of mechanical passive compliance, which is widely implemented in robots for interactions, a finger is dedicated to improving mechanical robustness. The finger mechanism not only achieves passive compliance against physical impacts, but also implements the variable stiffness actuator principle in a compact finger without adding supererogatory actuators. It achieves finger stiffness adjustability according to the biologically inspired stiffness variation principle of discarding some mobilities to adjust stiffness. The mechanical design of the finger and its stiffness adjusting methods are elaborated. The stiffness characteristics of the finger joint and the actuation unit are analyzed. Experimental results of the finger joint stiffness identification and finger impact tests under different finger stiffness presets are provided to verify the validity of the model. Fingers have been experimentally proven to be robust against physical impacts. Moreover, the experimental part verifies that fingers have good power, grasping, and manipulation performance.
Literature reviews as independent studies: guidelines for academic practice
Authors: Kraus Sascha , Breier Matthias , Lim Weng Marc , Dabić Marina , Kumar Satish , Kanbach Dominik , Mukherjee Debmalya , Corvello Vincenzo , Piñeiro-Chousa Juan , Liguori Eric , Palacios-Marqués Daniel , Schiavone Francesco , Ferraris Alberto , Fernandes Cristina , Ferreira João J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReview articles or literature reviews are a critical part of scientific research. While numerous guides on literature reviews exist, these are often limited to the philosophy of review procedures, protocols, and nomenclatures, triggering non-parsimonious reporting and confusion due to overlapping similarities. To address the aforementioned limitations, we adopt a pragmatic approach to demystify and shape the academic practice of conducting literature reviews. We concentrate on the types, focuses, considerations, methods, and contributions of literature reviews as independent, standalone studies. As such, our article serves as an overview that scholars can rely upon to navigate the fundamental elements of literature reviews as standalone and independent studies, without getting entangled in the complexities of review procedures, protocols, and nomenclatures.
From Age to Agency: Frame Adoption and Diffusion Concerning the International Human Rights Norm Against Child, Early, and Forced Marriage
Authors: Barney Morgan , Murdie Amanda , Park Baekkwan , Hart Jacqueline , Mullinax Margo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe way many human rights advocates frame the international norm against child, early, and forced marriage (CEFM) has shifted in the past decade. While CEFM has historically been framed as driven by poverty and underdevelopment, advocates have more recently discussed the problem with a feminist sexuality frame. What leads advocates to change their framing about an international norm? We build an argument that stresses how (a) the nature of the frame, (b) the characteristics of the advocates, and (c) the characteristics of the discursive environment interact to determine whether and to what extent advocates will adopt an alternative frame. We use a multi-methods approach (machine-learning text analysis, process tracing, and interviews) to examine the process of frame adoption around an international norm. Our theoretical understanding of international norms requires a better grasp on the role of framing, especially framing among the very norm entrepreneurs that are critical to international norm diffusion.
Strong consistency of the projected total least squares dynamic mode decomposition for datasets with random noise
Authors: Aishima Kensuke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDynamic mode decomposition (DMD) has attracted much attention in recent years as an analysis method for time series data. In this paper, we perform asymptotic analysis on the DMD to prove strong consistency in the statistical sense. More specifically, we first give a statistical model of random noise for data with observation noise. Among many variants of the DMD, the total least squares DMD (TLS-DMD) is known as a robust method for the random noise in the observation. We focus on consistency analysis of the TLS-DMD in the statistical sense and aim to generalize the analysis for projected methods. This paper gives a general framework for designing projection methods based on efficient dimensionality reduction analogously to the proper orthogonal decomposition under the statistical model and proves its strong consistency of the estimation.
Computational Approaches and Challenges in Spatial Transcriptomics
Authors: Fang Shuangsang , Chen Bichao , Zhang Yong , Sun Haixi , Liu Longqi , Liu Shiping , Li Yuxiang , Xu Xun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The development of spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies has transformed genetic research from a single-cell data level to a two-dimensional spatial coordinate system and facilitated the study of the composition and function of various cell subsets in different environments and organs. The large-scale data generated by these ST technologies, which contain spatial gene expression information, have elicited the need for spatially resolved approaches to meet the requirements of computational and biological data interpretation. These requirements include dealing with the explosive growth of data to determine the cell-level and gene-level expression, correcting the inner batch effect and loss of expression to improve the data quality, conducting efficient interpretation and in-depth knowledge mining both at the single-cell and tissue-wide levels, and conducting multi-omics integration analysis to provide an extensible framework toward the in-depth understanding of biological processes. However, algorithms designed specifically for ST technologies to meet these requirements are still in their infancy. Here, we review computational approaches to these problems in light of corresponding issues and challenges, and present forward-looking insights into algorithm development.
An overview of the British Library Yorùbá language collection
Authors: Túbọ̀sún Kọ́lá 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Yorùbá language materials at the British Library (BL) span the years between 1843, when the first item was published, and the present day, providing an impressive catalogue of the history of Yorùbá writing through the early days of 19th-century missionary writings with a yet undeveloped orthography, the boom of anthropological literature of the later 19th century, the creative fervour of the early and mid-20th century, and the later experimentations of 21st-century monolingual and bilingual writings. From September 2019 to September 2020, I was Chevening Research Fellow at the BL working on this wide-ranging collection with the BL’s Africa Curator. In this article, I present an analysis of what the records contain and what is missing, along with a record of some challenges I faced cataloguing the work – ranging from technological limitations to issues of orthography.
Pleasures of the Nollywood Familiar and Everyday Life
Authors: Adejunmobi Moradewun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSequels, spinoffs, serials, and other kinds of generic works are prevalent in Nollywood filmmaking and popular with fans. These spinoffs and other generic works are characterized by a degree of familiarity, made evident in their repetitive and or affiliative dimensions. According to Adejunmobi, familiarity as a mode of media engagement in Nollywood generates specific pleasures connected to the repetitive dimensions of the films and television shows. These highly repetitive works also sustain a type of leisure activity for viewers without dedicated leisure time who combine Nollywood viewing with everyday work. This form of leisure is identified as a leisure of concomitance.
Social Needs Are Associated With Greater Anticipated Needs During an Emergency and Desire for Help in Emergency Preparedness Planning
Authors: McQueen Amy , Charles Cindy , Staten Jennifer , Broussard Darrell J. , Smith Rachel E. , Verdecias Niko , Kreuter Matthew W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Most emergency preparedness planning seeks to identify vulnerable population subgroups; however, focusing on chronic conditions alone may ignore other important characteristics such as location and poverty. Social needs were examined as correlates of anticipated needs and desire for assistance during an emergency.

Methods:
A retrospective, secondary analysis was conducted using assessments of 8280 adult Medicaid beneficiaries in Louisiana, linked with medical (n = 7936) and pharmacy claims (n = 7473).

Results:
The sample was 73% female; 47% Black; 34% White; mean age 41 y. Many had at least 1 chronic condition (75.9%), prescription (90.3%), and social need (45.2%). Across assessments, many reported food (40%), housing (34%), and transportation (33%) needs. However, far more people anticipated social needs during an emergency than in the next month. Having social needs increased the odds of anticipating any need (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, 1.44-1.56) and desire for assistance during an emergency, even after controlling for significant covariates including older age, race, geographic region, Medicaid plan type, and prescriptions. Chronic conditions were significantly correlated with all anticipated needs in bivariate analyses, but only modestly associated (OR = 1.03, 1.01-1.06) with anticipated medication needs in multivariable analyses.

Conclusions:
Identifying individuals with social needs, independent of their chronic disease status, will benefit emergency preparedness outreach efforts.
Inheritance of strong mixing and weak dependence under renewal sampling
Authors: Brandes Dirk-Philip , Curato Imma Valentina , Stelzer Robert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet X be a continuous-time strongly mixing or weakly dependent process and let T be a renewal process independent of X. We show general conditions under which the sampled process
$(X_{T_i},T_i-T_{i-1})^{\top}$
is strongly mixing or weakly dependent. Moreover, we explicitly compute the strong mixing or weak dependence coefficients of the renewal sampled process and show that exponential or power decay of the coefficients of X is preserved (at least asymptotically). Our results imply that essentially all central limit theorems available in the literature for strongly mixing or weakly dependent processes can be applied when renewal sampled observations of the process X are at our disposal.
Beatific embodiment: An Augustinian appraisal of our end-time embodiment
Authors: Luke Sean 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I seek to articulate a positive role for the body in our eschatological joy in God. I draw on Augustine's thought to argue that the body makes a positive contribution to our joy in God by being a pedagogy for our imaginations, training us to imagine the beautiful character of God in Christ through embodiment. While Augustine might seem like a surprising choice for this task, I argue that his concepts of ubique totus and the totus Christus provide fertile soil for the growth of an eschatological theology of the body.
“How did they die?”: Bridging humanitarian and criminal-justice objectives in forensic science to advance the rights of families of the missing under international humanitarian law
Authors: Parrin Anjli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere are thousands of families of missing persons around the world who search for answers as to the fate and whereabouts of their loved ones, hoping to be reunited with them, or in the event that they are deceased, to be able to mourn and grieve their death with dignity. In practice when authorities speak with families to confirm that the missing person is deceased, two initial questions frequently arise. First, families generally want to know, “did you identify the body of my relative?” The second question, once they receive information that their loved one has been positively identified as deceased, is usually, “how did they die?” This article examines whether international humanitarian law requires providing families of the missing, who may know or believe that their relative is deceased, with an answer to this second question of “how did they die?” The article argues that under certain circumstances, it is a requirement of international humanitarian law to provide some information about the cause, manner and circumstances of death to families. It also argues that the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement can strengthen the rights of families of the missing by engaging confidentially (directly or indirectly) with judicial bodies that are charged with both identification of the missing and accountability for violations of international humanitarian law. While this is challenging, it is argued that it is often possible to do so while respecting and adhering to the fundamental principles of the Movement, and, in turn, advancing the fundamental principle of humanity.
The Dawn‐Dusk Tail Lobe Magnetotail Configuration and the Formation of Aurora Transpolar Arc
Authors: Li Wenhui , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Mieth Johannes , Wu Leyuan , Li Andrew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe magnetotail configuration includes a northern tail lobe, a southern tail lobe, and a plasma sheet when IMF directs southward, as a result of the Dungey cycle. However, it is little known about the magnetotail configuration for northward IMF (NIMF) conditions. Using in situ data and corresponding simulations, we show that the magnetotail forms into a dawnside tail lobe and a duskside tail lobe under NIMF with significant By conditions. The data shows signatures related to magnetotail reconnection under such conditions. Cusp reconnection and such magnetotail reconnection may form a dawn‐dusk tail lobe configuration and its version of Dungey cycle. Simulation results also show that aurora transpolar arc may be caused by a process of reconfiguration of the dawn‐dusk tail lobe structure as a result of an IMF By reversal.