bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of water injected on the reduction of NOx emissions in Diesel engine
Authors: Benea B C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years, diesel engine manufacturers have been looking for ways to reduce NOx emissions and smoke emissions to meet increasingly stringent standards. Although there are exhaust gases treatment methods to reduce NOX emissions, attempts are being made to control their production in the cylinder. Various methods are used to control the production of NOx in the cylinder: flue gas recirculation, multiple fuel injections. These methods lead to increased fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. To reduce the emission of NOx, the temperature in the combustion chamber must be reduced. By introducing water into the combustion chamber, the desired effect is obtained. In this paper we have studied the effect of lowering the temperature in the combustion chamber on the power of the engine and the emissions of NOx and particles. The study was made on a Renault 4-cylinder diesel engine, water cooled. During operation, a quantity of 5%, 10% and 20% of the amount of diesel introduced into the cylinder was injected into the intake manifold. During the tests, the engine power decreases with 3%. NOx emissions decreased by up to 22%, but particulate emissions increased by about 36%.
Impact of empagliflozin on decongestion in acute heart failure: the EMPULSE trial
Authors: Biegus Jan , Voors Adriaan A , Collins Sean P , Kosiborod Mikhail N , Teerlink John R , Angermann Christiane E , Tromp Jasper , Ferreira Joao Pedro , Nassif Michael E , Psotka Mitchell A , Brueckmann Martina , Salsali Afshin , Blatchford Jonathan P , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
Effective and safe decongestion remains a major goal for optimal management of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The effects of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin on decongestion-related endpoints in the EMPULSE trial (NCT0415775) were evaluated.

Methods and results
A total of 530 patients hospitalized for AHF were randomized 1:1 to either empagliflozin 10 mg once daily or placebo for 90 days. The outcomes investigated were: weight loss (WL), WL adjusted for mean daily loop diuretic dose (WL-adjusted), area under the curve of change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels, hemoconcentration, and clinical congestion score after 15, 30, and 90 days of treatment. Compared with placebo, patients treated with empagliflozin demonstrated significantly greater reductions in all studied markers of decongestion at all time-points, adjusted mean differences (95% confidence interval) at Days 15, 30, and 90 were: for WL −1.97 (−2.86, −1.08), −1.74 (−2.73, −0.74); −1.53 (−2.75, −0.31) kg; for WL-adjusted: −2.31 (−3.77, −0.85), −2.79 (−5.03, −0.54), −3.18 (−6.08, −0.28) kg/40 mg furosemide i.v. or equivalent; respectively (all P &lt; 0.05). Greater WL at Day 15 (i.e. above the median WL in the entire population) was associated with significantly higher probability for clinical benefit at Day 90 (hierarchical composite of all-cause death, heart failure events, and a 5-point or greater difference in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score change from baseline to 90 days) with the win ratio of 1.75 (95% confidence interval 1.37, 2.23; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
Initiation of empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for AHF resulted in an early, effective and sustained decongestion which was associated with clinical benefit at Day 90.
Lagging X chromatids specify the orientation of asymmetric organelle partitioning in XX spermatocytes ofAuanema rhodensis
Authors: Al-Yazeedi Talal , Xu Emily L , Kaur Jasmin , Shakes Diane C , Pires-daSilva Andre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe unequal partitioning of molecules and organelles during cell division results in daughter cells with different fates. An extreme example is female meiosis, in which consecutive asymmetric cell divisions give rise to 1 large oocyte and 2 small polar bodies with DNA and minimal cytoplasm. Here, we test the hypothesis that during an asymmetric cell division during spermatogenesis of the nematode Auanema rhodensis, the late segregating X chromatids orient the asymmetric partitioning of cytoplasmic components. In previous studies, the secondary spermatocytes of wild-type XO males were found to divide asymmetrically to generate functional spermatids that inherit components necessary for sperm viability and DNA-containing residual bodies that inherit components to be discarded. Here we extend that analysis to 2 novel contexts. First, the isolation and analysis of a strain of mutant XX pseudomales revealed that such animals have highly variable patterns of X-chromatid segregation. The pattern of late segregating X chromatids nevertheless predicted the orientation of organelle partitioning. Second, while wild-type XX hermaphrodites were known to produce both 1X and 2X sperm, here, we show that spermatocytes within specific spermatogonial clusters exhibit 2 different patterns of X-chromatid segregation that correlate with distinct patterns of organelle partitioning. Together this analysis suggests that A. rhodensis has coopted lagging X chromosomes during anaphase II as a mechanism for determining the orientation of organelle partitioning.
Crime, Disorder, and Territorial Stigmatization: Older Adults Living in Deprived Neighborhoods
Authors: Taei Afsaneh , Jönson Håkan , Granbom Marianne 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The existence of social problems, crime, and a diminishing sense of community are acknowledged challenges to residents of deprived neighborhoods. In research on deprived neighborhoods in Sweden, the perspectives of young residents and adults of working age dominate. This study explores how older adults in deprived neighborhoods in Sweden experience crime and disorder, and how they adapt and respond to these problems and the neighborhood’s poor reputation.

Research Design and Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 older adults who had lived 5 years or more in deprived areas of two cities in Sweden. Data were analyzed using Hirschman’s theory of exit, voice, and loyalty with a thematic analysis.

Results
Most residents had positive things to say about their homes and neighborhoods, even if criminal acts such as shootings, drug dealing, arson, burglary, and knife attacks were part of everyday life. The residents attempted to manage these events with various strategies. Exit strategies included relocation and forms of adaptation and detachment. They used several voice strategies to actively try to solve the problems and engage with the community. Loyalty strategies—and relativizing—were used to defend their neighborhood reputation.

Discussion and Implications
The findings show we should move on from generalized notions of older adults as passive victims of their environment and highlight that some older adults are active agents in building communities in deprived neighborhoods. City improvement programs should extend support to older adults who wish to engage. Approaches are identified which may strengthen older adults’ contributions in such neighborhoods.
Magnetic on-time transient electromagnetic method (MoTEM) for imaging magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Melo Aline , Li Yaoguo 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
We present the magnetic on-time transient electromagnetic (MoTEM) method for obtaining information about subsurface magnetic susceptibility from transient electromagnetic (TEM) measurements. The method uses the primary field produced by a TEM system as the inducing magnetic field and extracts from the measured late on-time response the magnetic responses produced by the subsurface magnetic susceptibility. The method assumes that the transmitter waveform is long enough to allow for the dissipation of eddy currents until the electric conductivity effect becomes negligible towards the end of the on-time transmission and that the measured magnetic field or its time derivative is dominantly the response to magnetic susceptibility. Using numerical simulations, we study the dissipation of the field produced by the conductivity anomaly for different times of the transmitter waveform and demonstrate that the signal becomes dominated by the susceptibility anomaly (MoTEM signal) at late on-time for both moving and fixed-loop sources. We present observational evidence for the presence of MoTEM responses by showing that they can be identified in field data measured from a fixed-loop ground TEM survey over the ultramafic units in the Raglan nickel belt. Our study lays the foundation for the MoTEM method, demonstrates that it can be realized with existing TEM acquisition systems, and provides the guidance for new system development. The MoTEM response could enable the mapping and imaging of subsurface susceptibility from the airborne EM data and, therefore, has the potential to double the information content in such data by imaging both conductivity and magnetic susceptibility.
Ancestry-specific high-risk gene variant profiling unmasks diabetes-associated genes
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Chen Weiping , Chen Guanjie , Flannick Jason , Fikse Emma , Smerin Glenda , Degner Katherine , Yang Yanqin , Xu Catherine ,   Consortium AMP-T2D-GENES, Li Yulong , Hanover John A , Simonds William F 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow ancestry-associated genetic variance affects disparities in the risk of polygenic diseases and influences the identification of disease-associated genes warrants a deeper understanding. We hypothesized that the discovery of genes associated with polygenic diseases may be limited by the overreliance on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genomic investigation, as most significant variants identified in genome-wide SNP association studies map to introns and intergenic regions of the genome. To overcome such potential limitations, we developed a gene-constrained, function-based analytical method centered on high-risk variants (hrV) that encode frameshifts, stopgains or splice site disruption. We analyzed the total number of hrV per gene in populations of different ancestry, representing a total of 185 934 subjects. Using this analysis, we developed a quantitative index of hrV (hrVI) across 20 428 genes within each population. We then applied hrVI analysis to the discovery of genes associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a polygenic disease with ancestry-related disparity. HrVI profiling and gene-to-gene comparisons of ancestry-specific hrV between the case (20 781 subjects) and control (24 440 subjects) populations in the T2DM national repository identified 57 genes associated with T2DM, 40 of which were discoverable only by ancestry-specific analysis. These results illustrate how a function-based, ancestry-specific analysis of genetic variations can accelerate the identification of genes associated with polygenic diseases. Besides T2DM, such analysis may facilitate our understanding of the genetic basis for other polygenic diseases that are also greatly influenced by environmental and behavioral factors, such as obesity, hypertension and Alzheimer’s disease.
A splicing silencer inSMN2intron 6 is critical in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Wang Li , Ji Yinfeng , Chen Yuqing , Bai Jialin , Gao Peng , Feng Pengchao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a fatal neuromuscular disease caused by homozygous deletions or mutations of the SMN1 gene. SMN2 is a paralogous gene of SMN1 and a modifying gene of SMA. A better understanding of how SMN2 exon 7 splicing is regulated helps discover new therapeutic targets for SMA therapy. Based on an antisense walk method to map exonic and intronic splicing silencers (ESSs and ISSs) in SMN2 exon 7 and the proximal regions of its flanking introns, we identified one ISS (ISS6-KH) at upstream of the branch point site in intron 6. By using mutagenesis-coupled RT-PCR with SMN1/2 minigenes, immunochromatography, overexpression and siRNA-knockdown, we found this ISS consists of a bipartite hnRNP A1 binding cis-element and a poly-U sequence located between the proximal hnRNP A1 binding site (UAGCUA) and the branch site. Both HuR and hnRNP C1 proteins promote exon 7 skipping through the poly-U stretch. Mutations or deletions of these motifs lead to efficient SMN2 exon 7 inclusion comparable to SMN1 gene. Furthermore, we identified an optimal antisense oligonucleotide that binds the intron six ISS and causes striking exon 7 inclusion in the SMN2 gene in patient fibroblasts and SMA mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that this novel ISS plays an important role in SMN2 exon 7 skipping and highlight a new therapeutic target for SMA therapy.
Genetic stock identification reveals greater use of an oceanic feeding ground around the Faroe Islands by multi-sea winter Atlantic salmon, with variation in use across reporting groups
Authors: O'Sullivan Ronan James , Ozerov Mikhail , Bolstad Geir H , Gilbey John , Jacobsen Jan Arge , Erkinaro Jaakko , Rikardsen Audun H , Hindar Kjetil , Aykanat Tutku 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile it is known that the oceans around the Faroe Islands support an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feeding ground, the relative use of this resource by different age classes and populations remains largely unexplored. Using genetic stock identification and run–reconstruction modelling, we observed a consistent pattern whereby the proportion of multi-sea winter salmon (MSW—fish that have spent multiple winters at sea) for a reporting group was substantially greater around the Faroes than the MSW proportion among that group’s corresponding pre-fisheries abundance. Surprisingly, MSW fish from Ireland and the United Kingdom were as likely to occur around the Faroes as were MSW fish from more north-eastern regions. While 1SW salmon (single sea-winter fish) from Ireland and the United Kingdom as well as Southern Norway occurred in similar proportions around the Faroes, 1SW fish from the north-eastern regions were virtually absent. Our results indicate that the oceans around the Faroes host a predominantly MSW feeding ground and use of this resource varies across age classes and reporting groups. Furthermore, these results suggest that MSW fish from some reporting groups preferentially migrate to the Faroes. Variation in spatial resource use may help buffer salmon populations against localized negative changes in marine conditions via portfolio effects.
Embracing Aporia: Exploring Arts-Based Methods, Pain, “Playfulness,” and Improvisation in Research on Gender and Social Violence
Authors: Forcer Stephen , Shutt Helen , Martin Laura S , Coetzee Marie-Heleen , Ibrahim Aisha Fofana , Fitzmaurice Susan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article explores the role of play and playfulness—as both methodological and analytical tools—in research on social violence. While play may seem antithetical to both discussions on methods and to studying social violence, we found that actually paying attention to such elements was in fact very productive. This article draws on a series of participatory workshops that engaged theater, dance, and comedy, which were held in Sierra Leone in 2021 that explored various social dimensions of sexual and gender-based violence in rural communities. The “fun” components that are so frequently dismissed in favor of more flat and binary research helped us better understand the complex, and often painful, emotions of women in these communities. We pay particular attention to how singing, which was not originally part of the research plan, became critical to engaging these women on discussions of social violence. We argue that researchers should be more aware and open to the prospects that “play,” “fun,” and improvisation have to offer in research processes, and how such components can themselves be absolutely critical to how we conduct and analyze research, as well as engage with participants, even in relation to sensitive subject matter.
Contrariety re-encountered: nonstandard contraries and internal negation**
Authors: Humberstone Lloyd 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis discussion explores the possibility of distinguishing a tighter notion of contrariety evident in the Square of Opposition, especially in its modal incarnations, than as that binary relation holding statements that cannot both be true, with or without the added rider ‘though can both be false’. More than one theorist has voiced the intuition that the paradigmatic contraries of the traditional Square are related in some such tighter way—involving the specific role played by negation in contrasting them—that distinguishes them from other pairs of incompatible statements constructed from the same conceptual materials. Prominent among examples, these other nonstandard pairs are the ‘new contraries’ presented by Robert Blanché’s hexagon(s) of opposition. With special, though not exclusive, attention to these cases, we investigate whether contrariety in the distinguished sense can be captured by adding to the incompatibility condition the further demand that the pair of statements concerned can be represented as the results of applying some sentence operator to the content in its scope, for one of the pair, and, for the other, the application of that same operator to the negation of that content. For one of the two cases, a Blanché case, of nonstandard contrariety singled out for attention, the question of whether such a representation is available is settled at the end of Section 4, and then in a more satisfying way in Section 5, though for the other case, noticed by Peter Simons, the question remains open, after some tentative discussion in one subsection, 6.2, of an Appendix (Section 6).
Diel Periodicity in Males of the Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as Revealed by Automated Camera Traps
Authors: Burks Charles S , Hengst Foster S , Wilson Houston , Wenger Jacob A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), is a key pest of walnuts, pistachio, and almonds in California. Pheromone mating disruption using timed aerosol dispensers is an increasingly common management technique. Dispenser efficiency may be increased by timing releases with the active mating period of navel orangeworm. Past work found that the peak time of sexual activity for navel orangeworm females is 2 h before sunrise when temperatures are above 18°C. Inference of male responsiveness from data collected in that study was limited by the necessity of using laboratory-reared females as a source of sex pheromone emission to attract males and the inherent limitations of human observers for nocturnal events. Here we used camera traps baited with artificial pheromone to observe male navel orangeworm mating response in the field over two field seasons. Male response to synthetic pheromone exhibited diel patterns broadly similar to females, i.e., they were active for a brief period of 2–3 h before dawn under summer conditions and began responding to pheromone earlier and over a longer period of time during spring and fall. But contrary to the previous findings with females, some males were captured at all hours of the day and night, and there was no evidence of short-term change of pheromone responsiveness in response to temperature. Environmental effects on the response of navel orangeworm males to an artificial pheromone source differ in important ways from the environmental effects on female release of sex pheromone.
The Effects of Light Wavelength and Trapping Habitat on Surveillance of Culicoides Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Alabama
Authors: Zhang Xinmi , Mathias Derrick K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the southeastern United States, biting midges transmit agents of hemorrhagic diseases that are enzootic among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the only confirmed vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) in the United States, is rarely collected in the Southeast, implying that other Culicoides Latreille species act as vectors. Despite multiple surveillance studies, the influence of trapping habitat and light wavelength on Culicoides sampling has yet to be investigated in Alabama. This study sampled Culicoides species at a deer research facility using CO2-baited CDC light traps with three distinct wavelengths. Traps were rotated within three habitats to examine impacts of habitat type and light wavelength on Culicoides abundance and parity status. For most species, midges were more abundant in a pine forest compared to a hardwood-forest riparian zone or a lightly wooded area adjacent to a seasonal pond. The pine forest generally had negative effects on parity status, suggesting that most females in this habitat were foraging for their first bloodmeal. Ultraviolet (UV) black-light (350 nm–360 nm) attracted more midges than incandescent light or UV LED light (385 nm–395 nm), but wavelength had less of an effect on parity than habitat. This study indicates that light wavelength and habitat significantly influence Culicoides sampling outcomes, and that when collecting parous females is desired (e.g., EHDV/BTV surveillance), targeting areas around oviposition sites may be a better strategy than trapping where midges are most abundant.
The stellar populations of quiescent ultra-diffuse galaxies from optical to mid-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting
Authors: Buzzo Maria Luisa , Forbes Duncan A , Brodie Jean P , Romanowsky Aaron J , Cluver Michelle E , Jarrett Thomas H , Laine Seppo , Couch Warrick J , Gannon Jonah S , Ferré-Mateu Anna , Okabe Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We use spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to place constraints on the stellar population properties of 29 quiescent ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) across different environments. We use the fully Bayesian routine PROSPECTOR coupled with archival data in the optical, near, and mid-infrared from Spitzer and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer under the assumption of an exponentially declining star formation history. We recover the stellar mass, age, metallicity, dust content, star formation time scales, and photometric redshifts (photo-zs) of the UDGs studied. Using the mid-infrared data, we probe the existence of dust in UDGs. Although its presence cannot be confirmed, we find that the inclusion of small amounts of dust in the models brings the stellar populations closer to those reported with spectroscopy. Additionally, we fit the redshifts of all galaxies. We find a high accuracy in recovering photo-zs compared to spectroscopy, allowing us to provide new photo-z estimates for three field UDGs with unknown distances. We find evidence of a stellar population dependence on the environment, with quiescent field UDGs being systematically younger than their cluster counterparts. Lastly, we find that all UDGs lie below the mass–metallicity relation for normal dwarf galaxies. Particularly, the globular cluster (GC)-poor UDGs are consistently more metal-rich than GC-rich ones, suggesting that GC-poor UDGs may be puffed-up dwarfs, while most GC-rich UDGs are better explained by a failed galaxy scenario. As a byproduct, we show that two galaxies in our sample, NGC 1052-DF2 and NGC 1052-DF4, share equivalent stellar population properties, with ages consistent with 8 Gyr. This finding supports formation scenarios where the galaxies were formed together.