bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric evaluation of cross‐sectional silicone plastination of the Total head region of sheep and Deplastination of the histological sections of brain tissue
Authors: Baygeldi Saime Betül , Güzel Barış Can , Şeker Uğur 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study is to protect and preserve the cross‐sectional diagnostic characteristics of the anatomy samples by using silicone plastination method, to examine them both macroscopically and microscopically, and to use them as an educational material. After the dissection procedures of 10 total sheep heads obtained from the slaughterhouse were completed, they were freshly frozen and sliced to prepare cross‐sectional samples. Then, statistical analysis was performed after the colorimetric measurements. For microscopic examination, 30 brain samples were divided into three groups (Fresh–F, plastination–P, plastination/deplastination–P/D). Of the total brain samples, 20 were subject to routine plastination protocol. After the plastination/deplastination procedure, the changes occurring in cerebral histology were compared. In terms of tissue preservation, the effect of plastination and deplastination was examined using a light microscope. Plastinates subject to silicone plastination under room temperature were very similar to their natural appearance, and it was observed that they preserved their morphological features. Colour changes in the tissues were statistically evaluated. Volumetric shrinkages were observed as qualitative, especially in the brain. As a result of the evaluation done, it was seen that deplastination with toluene is not possible for the brain tissues. In addition, it was not possible to take cross sections of the plastinated tissues that were not deplastinated. On the contrary, findings regarding that deplastination with 5% sodium methoxide dissolved in methanol can allow microscopic examination in long‐term preserved plastinated brain tissues were obtained.
Unemployment benefits, food insecurity, and supplemental nutrition assistance program spending
Authors: Fu Wei , Huang Chen , Liu Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of unemployment insurance (UI) expansions on household food insecurity in the United States using the Food Security Supplement to the Current Population Survey for 1999–2017. We exploit the plausibly exogenous variation in state maximum weekly UI benefits across states and over time. The two‐part model demonstrates that a $100 increase in state weekly UI benefits reduces the likelihood of food insecurity among UI‐eligible families by 5.6% and the severity of food insecurity conditional on being food insecure by 6.3%. We further present strong evidence of program substitution between UI and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which is the largest food assistance program with the stated goal of reducing food insecurity. Specifically, for every dollar spent on UI, 4–11 cents can be saved on SNAP, thereby reinforcing the social benefits of an UI expansion.
Facemask ventilation and vocal cord angle following neuromuscular blockade: a prospective observational study#
Authors: Lee M. K. , Kim K. N. , Jeong M. A. , Kim S. Y. , Oh M. S. , Kwon B. S. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryNumerous studies support the idea that neuromuscular blockade facilitates facemask ventilation after induction of anaesthesia. Although improved airway patency or pulmonary compliance and a resolution of laryngospasm have been suggested as possible causes, the exact mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether neuromuscular blockade improves facemask ventilation and to clarify whether this phenomenon is associated with the vocal cord angle. This prospective observational study included patients aged between 20 and 65 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. After induction of anaesthesia, patients' lungs were ventilated with pressure‐controlled ventilation using a facemask. During facemask ventilation, a flexible bronchoscope was inserted through a self‐sealing diaphragm at the elbow connector attached to the facemask and breathing circuit and positioned to allow a continuous view of the vocal cords. The mean tidal volume and vocal cord angle were measured before and after administration of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Of 108 patients, 100 completed the study. Mean (SD) tidal volume ((11.0 (3.9) ml.kg‐1 vs. 13.6 (2.6) ml.kg‐1; p < 0.001) and mean (SD) vocal cord angle (17° (10°) vs. 26° (5°); p < 0.001) increased significantly after neuromuscular blockade. The proportional increase in mean tidal volume after neuromuscular blockade was positively correlated with vocal cord angle (Spearman's ρ = 0.803; p < 0.001). In conclusion, neuromuscular blockade facilitated facemask ventilation, and the improvement was correlated with further opening of the vocal cords.
Expression of membrane fusion proteins in spermatozoa and total fertilisation failure during in vitro fertilisation
Authors: Enoiu Simona Ioana , Nygaard Marie Berg , Bungum Mona , Ziebe Søren , Petersen Morten Rønn , Almstrup Kristian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCouples increasingly experience infertility and seek help from assisted reproductive techniques to become pregnant. However, 5%–15% of the couples that are selected for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) experience a total fertilisation failure (TFF), where no zygotes develop despite oocytes and semen parameters appear to be normal. We hypothesise that TFF during IVF could be related to improper membrane fusion of gametes.ObjectiveTo investigate the membrane integrity and fusion proteins in spermatozoa from men in couples experiencing TFF.Materials and methodsA total of 33 infertile couples, 17 of which experienced TFF during IVF and 16 matched control couples with normal IVF fertilisation rates, were selected and the men re‐called to deliver an additional semen sample. Proteins involved in gamete membrane fusion on spermatozoa (IZUMO1, SPESP1 and Syncytin‐1) as well as O‐glycosylation patterns (Tn and GALNT3), were investigated by immunofluorescence. The DNA fragmentation index, acrosomal integrity and viability of spermatozoa were determined by flow and image cytometry.ResultsNo significant changes in the expression of GALNT3, Tn and Syncytin‐1 were observed between the TFF and control groups. The fraction of spermatozoa expressing SPESP1, the median IZUMO1 staining intensity, and the percentage of viable acrosome‐intact spermatozoa were significantly lower in the TFF group compared to controls. Furthermore, following progesterone‐induced acrosomal exocytosis, a significant difference in the fraction of spermatozoa expressing SPESP1 and the median IZUMO1 staining intensity were observed between the control and TFF group.Discussion and conclusionOur results indicate that acrosomal exocytosis, IZUMO1 and SPESP1 expression in spermatozoa could play a crucial role in achieving fertilisation during IVF. However, the size of our cohort was quite small, and our results need to be validated with quantitative methods in larger cohorts.
The complication profile of low Hartmann's in rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Choy Kay Tai , Lee Dewei Jordan , Prabhakaran Swetha , Warrier Satish , Heriot Alexander , Kong Joseph C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐restorative options for low rectal cancer not invading the sphincter includes low Hartmann's procedure (LH) and inter‐sphincteric abdominoperineal resection (ISAPR). There is currently little comparative data to differentiate these options.ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to assess the peri‐operative morbidity of LH, and then to compare it to that of ISAPR.Data SourcesAn up‐to‐date systematic review was performed on the available literature between 2000–2020 on PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases.Study SelectionAll studies reporting on non‐restorative surgeries for rectal cancer were analysed. Outcomes were firstly analysed between LH and non‐LH groups, with further sub‐analysis comparing the LH and ISAPR groups.Main outcome measureThe main outcome measures were the rates of pelvic sepsis, rates of overall post‐operative complication rates, oncological outcomes, and survival.ResultsA total of 12 observational studies were included. There were 3526 patients (61.1%) in the LH group, and 2238 patients (38.9%) in the non‐LH group, which included 461 patients who underwent ISAPR. The LH group had a higher rate of pelvic sepsis as compared to the non‐LH group (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.39–2.29, P < 0.001). The difference is more marked in the sub‐analysis comparing LH and ISAPR alone (OR: 3.94, 95% CI: 1.88–7.84, P < 0.01) corresponding to a higher rate of unplanned re‐intervention. LH was associated with a higher rate of short‐term post‐operative mortality as compared to the non‐LH group.ConclusionISAPR is the preferred option for non‐restorative rectal surgery, with a more favourable peri‐operative morbidity and short‐term mortality profile as compared to LH.
High insertion of the right diaphragm complicated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A case report of rare thoracoscopic findings
Authors: Ishimoto Kenta , Hayashida Makoto , Ueda Michiko , Okamura Kaori , Ieiri Satoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe encountered a case of high insertion of the right diaphragm complicated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia that was diagnosed based on thoracoscopic findings. A full‐term male baby was suspected of having right congenital diaphragmatic hernia or diaphragmatic eventration on postnatal imaging. He only had episodes of mild but prolonged symptoms following upper respiratory tract infection and his course was otherwise uneventful during outpatient monitoring. At 1 year old, the elevated liver volume remained large, which might eventually interfere with his lung growth, so thoracoscopic exploration was planned. Thoracoscopy revealed liver prolapse from a diaphragmatic defect. In addition, the anterior to lateral inserted part of the diaphragm was high, with the anterior part reaching the fourth rib. We repaired only the diaphragmatic defect without repositioning the diaphragm, and the postoperative course was uneventful. High insertion of the diaphragm should be considered as a differential diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic eventration.
Economies of Coworking: Sharing, Exchanging, and Buying as Acts of Commoning
Authors: Nielsen Gritt B. , Mangor Ida 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe past fifteen years have seen a rapid growth in the number of coworking spaces worldwide. In the research literature, these spaces, in which start‐up entrepreneurs and other self‐employed people form professional and social networks, are often understood either as a manifestation of increasingly precarious forms of work within neoliberal capitalism or as a solidary alternative to this form of individualizing and competitive economy. Drawing on ethnographic research from a coworking space in Barcelona, we identify three forms of sharing—demand sharing, passion sharing, and public sharing—which simultaneously carry the potential for communal and passionate work and for instrumental and exploitative forms of collaboration in coworking. We show how coworkers balance acts of sharing, exchanging, and buying/selling their skills and knowledge in different ways, depending on their personal situations, experiences, and professional skills. Accordingly, we argue, in this setting coworking also involves forms of “differential commoning” through which coworkers can obtain—even if it is only momentary—a sense of being part of an intentional community that operates according to values of solidarity, care and passion, which intersects with yet differs from what they perceive as individualist capitalist work life.
Blinatumomab as bridging therapy in paediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia complicated by invasive fungal disease
Authors: Yeoh Daniel K. , Blyth Christopher C. , Kotecha Rishi S. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryInvasive fungal disease (IFD) remains a challenging complication of treatment for paediatric acute leukaemia. Consensus fungal treatment guidelines recommend withholding chemotherapy to facilitate immune recovery in this setting, yet prolonged delays in leukaemia therapy increase risk of relapse. Blinatumomab, a bispecific T‐cell engager targeting cells expressing CD19, has shown promise for treatment of relapsed/refractory B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B‐ALL) and is associated with reduced toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy. With close monitoring of minimal residual disease, we demonstrate that children with B‐ALL can receive repeated cycles of bridging blinatumomab whilst conventional chemotherapy is withheld during treatment and recovery from IFD.
Practical management of the haemorrhagic complications of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Jones Edward , Dillon Bryan , Swan Dawn , Thachil Jecko 
Published: June 2022

SummaryMyeloproliferative neoplasms can be associated with bleeding manifestations which can cause significant morbidities. Although haematologists are aware of the likelihood of this complication in the setting of myeloproliferative neoplasms, it may often be overlooked especially in patients with no extreme elevation of blood counts and those with myelofibrosis. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome and platelet dysfunction are the two common diagnoses to be considered in this regard. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms for the development of these rare bleeding disorders, their diagnosis and practical management.
Male urethral stricture disease: why management guidelines are challenging in low‐income countries
Authors: Payne Stephen R. , Anderson Paul , Spasojević Nenad , Demilow Tilaneh L. , Teferi Getaneh , Dickerson David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUrethral stricture disease (USD) is one of the commonest urological pathologies in adult men in low‐ or low–middle‐income countries, providing a significant work burden for the small number of specialist surgeons who are able to provide appropriate treatment. The underlying causes of anterior urethral stricture relate to urethral fibrosis from sexually transmitted infection, with posterior urethral disruption secondary to pelvic trauma being an equally common cause of USD in many countries in sub‐Saharan Africa. Anterior urethral strictures are often long, and multifocal, and bulbo‐prostatic disruptions are usually due to relatively low‐velocity pelvic trauma. The management options available in resource‐poor settings are often severely limited by the individual's ability to pay for care, the availability of a specialist surgeon and, importantly, a shortage of functioning endoscopic equipment for less‐invasive treatments. Consequently, reconstructive surgery is often regarded by the patient, and surgeon, as the most cost‐effective and, therefore, primary means of treating a urethral stricture once urethral dilatation has failed. Regional anaesthetic techniques have limited the adoption of free‐graft augmentation as an alternative to pedicled flaps of locally available skin for reconstruction, whilst an inability to provide tension‐free bulbo‐prostatic anastomoses has negatively impacted the outcome from the treatment of pelvic fracture disruption injuries in much of sub‐Saharan Africa. However, Urolink has found that local surgeons can be taught sustainable skills required for successful complex urethroplasty when supported by longitudinal mentorship in the management of difficult clinical issues. Evidence‐based practice is known to improve the standard of care in specific conditions in high‐income countries, including the management of male USD. However, guidelines developed in high‐income countries are not necessarily appropriate for stricture management in less well‐resourced healthcare environments but could be adapted to help improve the delivery of stricture care for men in low‐ or low–middle income countries.
Preoperative medical treatments and surgical approaches for acromegaly: A systematic review
Authors: Papaioannou Christos , Druce Maralyn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveAcromegaly is a condition characterized by an overproduction of growth hormone which infers high morbidity and mortality if left untreated. The objective of this review is to analyse and appraise the current evidence for the generalized use of preoperative medications and the various surgical approaches as described in the literature.DesignA thorough search from MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library has been performed which identified a total of 37 papers.ConclusionThe preoperative use of somatostatin receptor agonists (SAs) in acromegaly is a controversial topic with current guidelines suggesting against their generalized routine use. Most authors noticed an insignificant long‐term remission of acromegaly when given SAs compared with nil preoperative therapy, except for invasive macroadenomas as SAs have been found to reduce the tumour volume and aid towards the total resection of the adenoma. Furthermore, according to the evidence available, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is the optimum method for hypophysectomy in terms of its remission and safety profile.
Ethical analysis of cadaver supply and usage processes for research within the scope of the Helsinki Declaration
Authors: Buruk Banu , Aytaç Güneş 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent technological developments have considerably transformed the supply, storage, and transportation processes of cadavers, creating new and previously unforeseen ethical challenges regarding cadaver usage. In this study, we analyzed two aspects of the cadaver processing system—cadaver supply and its use in research. Thereafter, we highlighted the major ethical concerns underlying these stages and correlated our search results with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (DoH), or Helsinki Declaration. To ensure the reliability and continuity of medical progress, human—especially cadaver—research depends on the ethical priorities as outlined in the DoH: respect for autonomy, privacy/confidentiality, risks/burdens/benefits, and the protection of vulnerable groups. According to our ethics analysis, which also corresponds with the ethics guidelines of the Consensus Panel on Research with the Recently Dead, the most ignored values were respect for autonomy and privacy/confidentiality issues. Based on these ethical concerns, we provide recommendations to address these challenges in anatomy research.
Explosive networking: The role of adaptive host radiations and ecological opportunity in a species‐rich host–parasite assembly
Authors: Cruz‐Laufer Armando J. , Artois Tom , Koblmüller Stephan , Pariselle Antoine , Smeets Karen , Van Steenberge Maarten , Vanhove Maarten P. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany species‐rich ecological communities emerge from adaptive radiation events. Yet the effects of adaptive radiation on community assembly remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the well‐documented radiations of African cichlid fishes and their interactions with the flatworm gill parasites Cichlidogyrus spp., including 10,529 reported infections and 477 different host–parasite combinations collected through a survey of peer‐reviewed literature. We assess how evolutionary, ecological, and morphological parameters determine host–parasite meta‐communities affected by adaptive radiation events through network metrics, host repertoire measures, and network link prediction. The hosts' evolutionary history mostly determined host repertoires of the parasites. Ecological and evolutionary parameters predicted host–parasite interactions. Generally, ecological opportunity and fitting have shaped cichlid‐Cichlidogyrus meta‐communities suggesting an invasive potential for hosts used in aquaculture. Meta‐communities affected by adaptive radiations are increasingly specialised with higher environmental stability. These trends should be verified across other systems to infer generalities in the evolution of species‐rich host–parasite networks.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Germany between 2005 and 2018: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Uhl Christian , Huscher Doerte , Sommerfeld Jenny , Schönberg Benn , Vajkoczy Peter , Dengler Nora F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeIn recent decades, the global incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has declined. However, significant regional differences exist. We present the first comprehensive analysis of time trends in the incidence of aSAH and case fatality in Germany.MethodsAll patients hospitalized with aSAH in Germany between 2005 and 2018 were identified using International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision codes I60.0–I60.7.ResultsA total of 101,105 cases were included. The incidence of aSAH in Germany decreased at a mean annual rate of 0.5% (p = 0.003) from 8.9 per 100,000 population in 2005 to 8.2 in 2018. Over time, incidences of aSAH declined among patients younger than 55 years and patients aged 70–79 years, increased among ages 60–64 years, and remained stable in age groups 65–69 and 85–89 years. This corresponded to an increase in the mean age of aSAH onset from 55.6 (±14.3) to 59.0 (±14.0) years. Throughout the study period, the mean age of aSAH onset was higher in women compared to men (58.3 ± 14.4 years vs. 56.1 ± 14.1 years). There were no changes in in‐hospital case fatality (16.2 vs. 16.6%, p = 0.18), but the duration of hospital stay increased significantly from 19.7 to 24.8 days (p < 0.001). The most frequent aSAH‐associated aneurysm location was the anterior circulation throughout the entire study period.ConclusionsIn Germany, the incidence of aSAH decreased between 2005 and 2018, especially in younger parts of the population. This may reflect effects of lifestyle adjustments most pronounced in younger age groups.
Ecosystem CO2 release driven by wind occurs in drylands at global scale
Authors: Moya María Rosario , López‐Ballesteros Ana , Sánchez‐Cañete Enrique P. , Serrano‐Ortiz Penélope , Oyonarte Cecilio , Domingo Francisco , Kowalski Andrew S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubterranean ventilation is a non‐diffusive transport process that provokes the abrupt transfer of CO2‐rich air (previously stored) through water‐free soil pores and cracks from the vadose zone to the atmosphere, under high‐turbulence conditions. In dryland ecosystems, whose biological carbon exchanges are poorly characterized, it can strongly determine eddy‐covariance CO2 fluxes that are used to validate remote sensing products and constrain models of gross primary productivity. Although subterranean ventilation episodes (VE) may occur in arid and semi‐arid regions, which are unsung players in the global carbon cycle, little research has focused on the role of VE CO2 emissions in land–atmosphere CO2 exchange. This study shows clear empirical evidence of globally occurring VE. To identify VE, we used in situ quality‐controlled eddy‐covariance open data of carbon fluxes and ancillary variables from 145 sites in different open land covers (grassland, cropland, shrubland, savanna, and barren) across the globe. We selected the analyzed database from the FLUXNET2015, AmeriFlux, OzFlux, and AsiaFlux networks. To standardize the analysis, we designed an algorithm to detect CO2 emissions produced by VE at all sites considered in this study. Its main requirement is the presence of considerable and non‐spurious correlation between the friction velocity (i.e., turbulence) and CO2 emissions. Of the sites analyzed, 34% exhibited the occurrence of VE. This vented CO2 emerged mainly from arid ecosystems (84%) and sites with hot and dry periods. Despite some limitations in data availability, this research demonstrates that VE‐driven CO2 emissions occur globally. Future research should seek a better understanding of its drivers and the improvement of partitioning models, to reduce uncertainties in estimated biological CO2 exchanges and infer their contribution to the global net ecosystem carbon balance.