bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Healing and Light‐Soaking in MAPbI3: The Effect of H2O
Authors: Ceratti Davide Raffaele , Tenne Ron , Bartezzaghi Andrea , Cremonesi Llorenç , Segev Lior , Kalchenko Vyacheslav , Oron Dan , Potenza Marco Alberto Carlo , Hodes Gary , Cahen David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe future of halide perovskites (HaPs) is beclouded by limited understanding of their long‐term stability. While HaPs can be altered by radiation that induces multiple processes, they can also return to their original state by “self‐healing.” Here two‐photon (2P) absorption is used to effect light‐induced modifications within MAPbI3 single crystals. Then the changes in the photodamaged region are followed by measuring the photoluminescence, from 2P absorption with 2.5 orders of magnitude lower intensity than that used for photodamaging the MAPbI3. After photodamage, two brightening and one darkening process are found, all of which recover but on different timescales. The first two are attributed to trap‐filling (the fastest) and to proton‐amine‐related chemistry (the slowest), while photodamage is attributed to the lead‐iodide sublattice. Surprisingly, while after 2P‐irradiation of crystals that are stored in dry, inert ambient, photobrightening (or “light‐soaking”) occurs, mostly photodarkening is seen after photodamage in humid ambient, showing an important connection between the self‐healing of a HaP and the presence of H2O, for long‐term steady‐state illumination, practically no difference remains between samples kept in dry or humid environments. This result suggests that photobrightening requires a chemical‐reservoir that is sensitive to the presence of H2O, or possibly other proton‐related, particularly amine, chemistry.
High‐Conductivity Crack‐Free 3D Electrical Interconnects Directly Printed on Soft PDMS Substrates
Authors: Brenneman Jacob , Tansel Derya Z. , Fedder Gary K. , Panat Rahul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanoparticle 3D printing and sintering is a promising method to achieve freeform interconnects on compliant substrates for applications such as soft robotics and wearable healthcare devices. However, previous strategies to sinter metallic nanoparticles while preserving the soft polymer substrate are rife with problems such as cracking and low conductivity of the metallic features. In this paper, the mechanisms of cracking in nanoparticle‐based 3D printed and sintered stretchable interconnects are identified and architecture and processing strategies are demonstrated to achieve crack‐free interconnects fully embedded in thin (<100 μm in thickness) stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with external connectivity. Capillary forces between nanoparticles developed through rapid solvent evaporation in the colloidal ink is hypothesized to initiate cracking during drying. Additionally, the presence of oxygen promotes the removal of organic surfactants and binders in the nanoparticle ink which increases nanoparticle agglomeration, grain growth, and subsequently conductivity. An experimental step‐wise variation of the thermal/atmospheric process conditions supports this hypothesis and shows that the presence of air during a low temperature drying step reduces the capillary stress to produce crack‐free interconnects with high conductivities (up to 56% of bulk metal) while having an excellent compatibility with the underlying polymer materials. Finally, stretchable interconnects fully‐encapsulated in PDMS polymer, with 3D pillar architectures for external connectivity are demonstrated, thus also solving an important “last‐mile” problem in the packaging of stretchable electronics.
Plant‐Based Substrate Materials for Flexible Green Electronics
Authors: Hwang Youngkyu , Kim Min Ku , Zhao Ze , Kim Bongjoong , Chang Taehoo , Fan Teng Fei , Ibrahim Mohammed Shahrudin , Suresh Subra , Lee Chi Hwan , Cho Nam‐Joon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the increasing use of soft and flexible electronics, there is a growing need to develop substrate materials that mitigate potential environmental risks associated with non‐degradable electronics waste from synthetic substrate materials. To address this issue, the authors develop a novel, 2D plant‐based substrate termed “sporosubstrate”, which is made of non‐allergenic natural pollen. The pollen particle has a double‐layered architecture with an ultra‐tough sporopollenin exine, and a soft cellulose intine is engineered through an eco‐friendly process. In this manner, a readily available, economical, biodegradable, and biocompatible microgel can be prepared. This microgel can be used to create a variety of flexible shapes with customized mechanical, geometrical, electronic, and functional properties and performance characteristics such as thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability and optical transparency. Moreover, the authors demonstrate here different applications of the flexible natural substrate made of pollen microgel for use in electronic devices for health monitoring and wearable wireless heating. The results of this work point to opportunities for the development of a new class of flexible green electronics based on plant‐based materials in applications such as wearable sensors, implantable devices, and soft robotics.
Forming‐Free, Self‐Compliance, Bipolar Multi‐Level Resistive Switching in WO3–xBased MIM Device
Authors: Rudrapal Krishna , Bhattacharya Gourab , Adyam Venimadhav , Roy Chaudhuri Ayan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResistive switching (RS) in metal oxides, which offers self‐compliance and multiple resistance states without the requirement of any high voltage forming step, holds the potential of application in selector less high density resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. Typically, operation of metal oxide‐based RS devices requires the integration of additional oxide layers or circuit elements to achieve current compliance and complicated device architecture for high‐density memory applications. In this study, a self‐compliance, and multi‐level RS is demonstrated that does not require high voltage forming in a single layer non‐stoichiometric WO3–x. This study suggests that high oxygen vacancy (VO) concentration in the pristine WO3–xlayer leads to its forming‐free filamentary switching characteristics, whereas reversible formation and annihilation of an oxygen‐rich region in the filament at the WO3–x/Pt junction has been envisaged to be responsible for self‐compliance set and voltage controlled multiple reset resistance states. The results demonstrate non‐stoichiometric WO3–xwith an active metal/oxide interface permeable to reversible oxygen migration can pave the way for producing high density, reliable RRAM devices.
Solar Energy in Space Applications: Review and Technology Perspectives
Authors: Verduci Rosaria , Romano Valentino , Brunetti Giuseppe , Yaghoobi Nia Narges , Di Carlo Aldo , D'Angelo Giovanna , Ciminelli Caterina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolar cells (SCs) are the most ubiquitous and reliable energy generation systems for aerospace applications. Nowadays, III–V multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) represent the standard commercial technology for powering spacecraft, thanks to their high‐power conversion efficiency and certified reliability/stability while operating in orbit. Nevertheless, spacecraft companies are still using cheaper Si‐based SCs to amortize the launching costs of satellites. Moreover, in recent years, new SCs technologies based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for aerospace power systems, because of their appealing properties such as lightweightness, flexibility, cost‐effective manufacturing, and exceptional radiation resistance. In this review the current advancements and future challenges of SCs for aerospace applications are critically discussed. In particular, for each type of SC, a description of the device's architecture, a summary of its performance, and a quantitative assessment of the radiation resistance are presented. Finally, considering the high potential that 2D‐materials (such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have in improving both performance and stability of SCs, a brief overview of some important results concerning the influence of radiation on both 2D materials‐based devices and monolayer of 2D materials is also included.
Chromosome 1q21 aberrations identify ultra high‐risk myeloma with prognostic and clinical implications
Authors: Kastritis Efstathios , Migkou Magdalini , Dalampira Dimitra , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Fotiou Despina , Roussou Maria , Kanellias Nikolaos , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Malandrakis Panagiotis , Theodorakakou Foteini , Sevastoudi Aggeliki , Eleutherakis‐Papaiakovou Evangelos , Triantafyllou Theodora , Terpos Evangelos , Katodritou Eirini , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNumerical abnormalities of chromosome 1q (+1q21) are common in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) but their prognostic impact remains a matter of debate. In addition, the impact of the number of copies of 1q21 is not known. We analyzed 912 consecutive patients with symptomatic MM to evaluate the prognostic implications of +1q21 and of their copy number variations, as assessed by FISH. At the time of initial diagnosis, 249 (27.3%) patients had +1q21, of which 150 (16.4%) had 3 copies and 99 (10.9%) had 4 or more copies. Presence of +1q21 was associated with advanced ISS stage (p = .003), concurrent presence of other cytogenetics aberrations and advanced R‐ISS stage (p < .001). Patients with +1q21 had inferior PFS (median 34 vs. 20 months, p < .001) and OS (median 75 vs. 44 months, p < .001) but the copy number of 1q21 had no additional prognostic impact. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for R‐ISS, age, treatment and HDM, +1q21 remained an independent prognostic factor both for PFS (p < .001) and OS (p = .008). The detrimental prognostic effect of +1q21 was more profound in R‐ISS‐3 patients, identifying a subgroup with OS of just 16 months (vs. 46 for R‐ISS‐3 without +1q21, p < .001). We further validated our findings in an independent cohort of 272 patients. In conclusion, the presence of +1q21 is associated with more advanced disease, inferior PFS, and OS but especially patients with R‐ISS‐3 disease and +1q21 have a very poor outcome comprising an ultra‐high‐risk group.
Hybrid reinforcement of styrene‐butadiene rubber nanocomposites with carbon black, silica, and graphene
Authors: Pirityi Dávid Zoltán , Bárány Tamás , Pölöskei Kornél 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe complex structure of tyres makes them hard to recycle economically; hence, it is crucial to minimize the generation of tyre waste. Nano‐reinforcement, such as graphene, has the potential to increase the abrasion resistance of rubber and thus their lifespan as well. In this research, hybrid styrene‐butadiene rubber‐based (SBR) nanocomposites reinforced with carbon black, silica and various amounts of graphene nanoplatelets are investigated with great emphasis on their combined effects on the mechanical properties of the rubber samples. Sixty‐five phr of precipitated silica can holistically improve the properties of SBR. However, further addition of carbon black and graphene nanoplatelets to silica‐containing samples do not benefit the properties of the samples. Further studies on the compatibilization of silica with carbon‐based reinforcement are necessary. On the other hand, graphene and carbon black constitute an effective hybrid reinforcement system. The tensile strength and elongation at break of SBR are improved by almost 100% with 10 phr of graphene nanoplatelets in combination with 10 phr of carbon black. However, the abrasion resistance of samples was negatively influenced by the addition of graphene nanoplatelets whenever it was added in combination with other fillers. Silica was particularly effective in increasing the abrasion resistance of rubber.
Polystyrene nanospheres coated red phosphorus flame retardant for polyamide 66
Authors: Chen Xingdong , Lan Wei , Dou Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a halogen‐free flame retardant, red phosphorus (RP) is unstable in air due to its slow oxidation. The shortcomings of RP include strong water absorbing proneness, high friction sensibility and poor thermal stability. The characteristics of polystyrene (PS) are thermostability and fluidity in melt, which can improve the compatibility of RP and the organic matrixes. Using PS as a coating material can improve the characteristics of strong water absorbing proneness of RP. Herein, the polystyrene nanospheres coated RP (PSNS@RP) flame retardant was successfully prepared via emulsion polymerization of styrene. The result shows that the release of phosphine from the PSNS@RP is greatly reduced. The ignition point is increased by about 200°C, and the moisture absorption rate can be reduced by 40 times. The effect of PSNS@RP on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyamide 66 (PA66) were studied in detail. Compared with PA66, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PSNS@RP/PA66 composite is increased from 24.8% to 34.2%. The flame retardant grade is enhanced to be UL94 V‐0. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) is decreased from 1444.5 to 420.9 kW m−2, the total heat release (THR) is decreased from 145.8 to 94.2 MJ m−2, and the total smoke production (TSP) is also reduced by 35%. Therefore, the as‐synthesized PSNS@RP has excellent flame retardant and smoke‐suppressing properties for PA66.
A self‐healing waterborne poly(urethane‐urea) on reversible covalent interaction for textile breathable coating
Authors: Chen Shu‐Yi , Cai Sheng‐Yo , Chuang Fu‐Sheng , Rwei Syang‐Peng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe solvent‐free self‐healable waterborne poly(urethane‐urea) (SH‐WPU) product is environmentally friendly due to its lower volatile organic compounds emission during the coating process. This research revealed a strategy for breathable textile coating, that longer product life of SH‐WPU coated fabric based on the self‐healing dynamics that triggered by disulfide bond rearrangement upon temperature elevation (e.g., textile ironing). SH‐WPU was synthesized with 4,4′‐methylenebis cyclohexyl isocyanate as hard segment, (poly(propylene oxide)‐b‐poly (ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly (propylene oxide) triblock copolymer as soft segment. 4,4'‐Dithiodianiline (DTDA), and 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid were used as the chain‐extenders. The self‐healing efficiency was tested by simulated ironing condition. The SH‐WPU that contained 7.5 wt% of DTDA shown the highest recovery efficiency of stress at break by tensile test. The SH‐WPU coated fabric showed excellent recovery with the DTDA concentration from 4.5 to 7.5 wt% by the water pressure resistance test by disulfide and hydrogen bond rearrangement at elevated temperature. The results indicated the promising potential of SH‐WPU for breathable textile coating applications to not only overcome the damage under extreme weather conditions but also render the textile repairable by ironing.
Cellulose nanofiber reinforced starch film with rapid disintegration in marine environments
Authors: Soni Raghav , Hsu Yu‐I , Asoh Taka‐Aki , Uyama Hiroshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFloating plastic debris in the ocean creates major environmental problems and threatens marine life. Conventional marine‐degradable plastics can remain in seawater for many years due to their strength and stability. In this study, we prepared a cellulose nanofiber‐reinforced starch film that rapidly degrades in marine environments. (2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidation was performed to prepare highly fibrillated TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TCNF). The TCNF was blended with cationic starch (CS) to develop a TCNF/CS film, which exhibited adequate mechanical strength (~50 MPa) and freshwater durability. In contrast, the neat TCNF and CS films collapsed in freshwater. Results showed that the TCNF/CS film disintegrated and lost its strength and stability in seawater. The wet strength of the TCNF/CS film decreased to ~50 kPa after 28 days of seawater immersion, while that of the neat TCNF film was steady at a wet strength of ~25 MPa due to ionic crosslinking. Owing to its rapid disintegration ability in marine environments, the TCNF/CS film is a potential next‐generation packaging material that can help address the problem of floating debris.
Phase II/III Results of a Trial of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Multivalent NANOBODY Compound Ozoralizumab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Takeuchi Tsutomu , Kawanishi Masafumi , Nakanishi Megumi , Yamasaki Hironori , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous administration of 30 mg or 80 mg of ozoralizumab plus methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) whose disease remained active despite MTX therapy.MethodsIn this multicenter, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled phase II/III trial, 381 patients were randomized to receive placebo, ozoralizumab 30 mg, or ozoralizumab 80 mg, plus MTX subcutaneously injected every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. The primary end points were the response rates based on the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) at week 16 and change in the Sharp/van der Heijde score (ΔSHS) from baseline to week 24.ResultsThe proportion of patients with an ACR20 response at week 16 was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in both ozoralizumab groups (79.6% for 30 mg, 75.3% for 80 mg), compared with placebo (37.3%); these improvements were observed from the first week of treatment. The proportion of the patients with structural nonprogression (ΔSHS ≤0) was significantly higher in both ozoralizumab groups than in the placebo group. For some secondary end points, significantly greater improvements were observed starting from as early as day 3. Serious adverse events occurred in 4 patients in the ozoralizumab 30‐mg group and 5 patients in the ozoralizumab 80‐mg group.ConclusionIn patients with active RA who received ozoralizumab in combination with MTX, the signs and symptoms of RA were significantly reduced as compared with the outcomes in those receiving placebo. Ozoralizumab demonstrated acceptable tolerability with no new safety signals when compared with other antibodies against tumor necrosis factor.
Price sensitivity, government green interventions, and green product availability triggers intention toward buying green products
Authors: Srivastava Vibhava , Gupta Amit Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the 21st century, environmental problems are wreaking havoc, and sustainability is now of primary importance. Several external factors like population growth, industrialization, development, and overexploitation of natural resources play a crucial role in environmental degradation. Thus, the present study endeavors to explore the impact of price sensitivity, governments green interventions and green product availability on green buying intention through the lenses of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of consumption values. It also intends to examine the moderating effect of demographic factors on green buying intention. A cross‐sectional study was carried out. Responses were gathered through a self‐administered questionnaire‐based survey. The final data set of 708 respondents were subjected to structural equation modeling for hypothesis testing. Price sensitivity, government green interventions, and green product availability show negative and significant interaction effects. Perceived behavioral control shows a relatively more substantial impact on green buying intention. Indian consumers from the age group of 41–50 years relatively have higher intention toward green buying. Overall, gender does not reveal any different approaches to environmentally friendly products. Green marketers must focus on communicating the availability of green products to reduce perceived difficulty.
Helical Packing Columns for Preventing Foam Formation: Experimental and Numerical Investigations
Authors: Nesme Anuhar Osorio , Hohagen Hans , Topic Nikola , Thünnesen Julian , Mobarak Mohammad , Lyu Wenjing , Jahn Alexander , Kim Sedong , Delgado Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnwanted foaming and liquid bridging inside structured packings have a negative effect on the pressure drop during thermal separation processes. A novel helical design of a packing column for preventing foaming is presented. The effective interfacial area is calculated by numerical simulations. Different designs are analyzed by varying geometrical parameters such as helix pitch, channel opening angle, and number of channels. Different F‐factor values and liquid loads are evaluated. Packings with larger helix pitch exhibited lower pressure drop and reduced effective interfacial area. Smaller channel opening angles increased the pressure drop and promoted unstable flow conditions. The novel packings show lower effective interfacial area than existing structured packings, but no foaming was observed in a wide range of operating conditions.
Electrochemical Grafting of a Pyridinium‐Conjugated Assembly on Graphite for H2O2 Electrochemical Production
Authors: Ma Rui , Zhang Zhengping , Iyoda Tomokazu , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon materials have shown great promise as cost‐effective electrocatalysts for H2O2 electrochemical production. In this work, we prepare a series of well‐defined pyridinium‐conjugated graphite sheets via nucleophilic substitution reaction of graphite with pyridine derivatives in anodic oxidation process. A combination of experimental and computational investigations confirm that the pyridine derivatives are electrochemically grafted onto the armchair‐type edges of graphitic layers, where the adjacent carbon atoms show the positively charged state by the intramolecular charge transfer. The strong charge delocalization on pyridinium‐conjugated graphite sheets leads to the enhanced electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction in terms of both activity and selectivity (above 97 %) for H2O2 production. Moreover, we find that the yield of H2O2 is also affected by the H2O2 decomposing capabilities of functional groups on pyridinium. As one kind of pyrolysis‐free strategies, the proposed electrochemical grafting can serve as a molecularly precise regulation to develop nitrogen doped carbon materials for more applications.
Functional Nanomaterials in Biomedicine: Current Uses and Potential Applications
Authors: Diez‐Pascual Ana María , Rahdar Abbas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanomaterials, that is, materials made up of individual units between 1 and 100 nanometers, have lately involved a lot of attention since they offer a lot of potential in many fields, including pharmacy and biomedicine, owed to their exceptional physicochemical properties arising from their high surface area and nanoscale size. Smart engineering of nanostructures through appropriate surface or bulk functionalization endows them with multifunctional capabilities, opening up new possibilities in the biomedical field such as biosensing, drug delivery, imaging, medical implants, cancer treatment and tissue engineering. This article highlights up‐to‐date research in nanomaterials functionalization for biomedical applications. A summary of the different types of nanomaterials and the surface functionalization strategies is provided. Besides, the use of nanomaterials in diagnostic imaging, drug/gene delivery, regenerative medicine, cancer treatment and medical implants is reviewed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are provided.