bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les effets du changement climatique : quelle adaptation pour les territoires littoraux ?
Authors: Bazin Patrick 
Published: May 2022

Le littoral est un milieu mouvant soumis aux forces considérables de la mer, du vent et des fleuves côtiers. Au fil des siècles, l’homme a cherché à maîtriser ces dynamiques naturelles et à fixer les rivages. Aujourd’hui, la logique s’inverse : avec l’élévation progressive du niveau de la mer, la gestion du littoral ne peut plus tout miser sur la défense rigide du trait de côte. Face aux incertitudes, une nouvelle ingénierie de la gestion des territoires littoraux se dessine, laquelle doit intégrer différentes disciplines en matière d’expertise, différentes stratégies dans le temps et des gouvernances réinventées. Les considérations développées dans cet article proviennent pour l’essentiel des enseignements tirés du projet Adapto mené par le Conservatoire du littoral depuis 2018. Elles concernent avant tout les secteurs littoraux peu urbanisés. Certaines d’entre elles peuvent trouver une application aux secteurs plus aménagés et habités, mais les enjeux qui s’y attachent sont sans commune mesure, et la transposition ne va donc pas de soi.
Le Carbone Capture and Storage (CCS) : un véritable atout, des arbitrages nécessaires
Authors: Efoui-Hess Maxime 
Published: May 2022

Exposée à une inévitable double contrainte carbone ‒ décarboner l’intégralité de ses activités à hauteur de 80 % d’ici à 2050 et s’affranchir presque intégralement des intrants fossiles ‒, la France ne pourra faire l’économie d’une transformation. Le plan de transformation de l’économie française de The Shift Project permet de projeter la France sur des trajectoires à la fois cohérentes sur le plan physique (énergie, matières) et sur celui de l’emploi, ainsi qu’au regard des enjeux. Parmi les solutions technologiques mobilisables, on trouve le captage et le stockage du carbone. Innovation la plus à même de capter les émissions fatales de l’industrie, elle est un atout véritable, dont les limites techniques, économiques et sociétales nous forceront à l’utiliser là où ce sera le plus efficient. Son potentiel, identifié, doit ainsi être mobilisé prioritairement pour décarboner l’industrie lourde. Seule la combinaison des trois types de leviers à disposition ‒ progrès continu, technologies de rupture et sobriété ‒ permettra d’assurer une transformation à la hauteur des objectifs nationaux de décarbonation.
Understanding the Use of the Newcastle, PEDIG, and LACTOSE Control Scores Among Pediatric Ophthalmologists for Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Thuma Tobin B. T. , Zhang Qiang (Ed) , Sharpe James , Gunton Kammi B. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To determine the clinical use patterns of control scores for intermittent exotropia. The Newcastle Control Score, Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) score, and Look And Cover, then Ten seconds of Observation Scale for Exotropia (LACTOSE) Control Score were developed to quantify control of exodeviations.

Methods:
A short survey was posted on the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus forum in August and September 2021. Respondents were asked about their assessment of control in intermittent exotropia, including knowledge and use of the various control scales.

Results:
One hundred fourteen pediatric ophthalmologists responded; 54.4% (n = 62) reported not using any specific control score for intermittent exotropia, although 61.4% (n = 70) were familiar with the PEDIG score, 37.7% (n = 43) with the Newcastle Control Score, and 7.9% (n = 9) with the LACTOSE Control Score. The PEDIG score was the most widely used (26.3%, n = 30), but 36.7% (n = 11) of respondents reported that the scale is too time-intensive, limiting its use. To improve the use of the control scores, participants recommended promoting wider understanding of the scales (45.6%, n = 52).

Conclusions:
Most responding pediatric ophthalmologists do not use a specific control score in managing intermittent exotropia. The PEDIG score is the most frequently used but is reported as time-intensive. Although the LACTOSE Control Score was designed to provide a quicker alternative, it is not widely known. Promoting wider awareness and understanding of intermittent exotropia control scores may be helpful to allow for more objective quantification of control in intermittent exotropia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(2):131–138.]
Short-term and Long-term Status of Monocular Eye Closure in Sunlight After Surgical Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Mohan Kanwar , Sharma Suresh Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate short-term and long-term status of monocular eye closure in sunlight after surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia.

Methods:
The medical records of consecutive patients 4 years and older who underwent surgery for intermittent exotropia with monocular eye closure in sunlight were reviewed retrospectively. Monocular eye closure status on short-term and long-term postoperative follow-up was analyzed to determine whether the status on short-term follow-up remained or changed on long-term follow-up.

Results:
A total of 37 patients were included (mean age: 10.64 ± 6.05 years). Thirteen patients (35%) were postoperatively observed for 6 months or less (short-term) and 24 (65%) for a mean 7.12 ± 2.89 years (long-term). Monocular eye closure disappeared in 16 patients (43%) and persisted in 21 (57%) on short-term follow-up. There was no significant difference in eye closure status between short-term and long-term follow-up in 24 patients. Eight of 9 patients (89%) with disappearance of eye closure on short-term follow-up maintained this status on long-term follow-up and 1 patient (11%) had reappearance of eye closure. Eleven of 15 patients (73%) with persistence of eye closure on short-term follow-up maintained this status on long-term follow-up and 4 (27%) had disappearance of eye closure. Three patients had a fluctuation in eye closure status during long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:
Monocular eye closure disappeared in nearly 40% of patients on short-term follow-up and in 50% on long-term follow-up after surgery for intermittent exotropia. Monocular eye closure status on short-term follow-up remained on long-term follow-up in most patients and changed in a few patients.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2023;60(2):114–119.]
La congrégation des rites et la sainteté antique
Authors: Delfosse Annick 
Published: May 2022

Les compétences attribuées à la Congrégation des Rites par Sixte Quint lors de la réforme de la Curie romaine (1588) l’invitèrent à prendre position sur le culte des « vieux saints ». En effet, les diocèses qui avaient été contraints de renoncer à leurs traditions liturgiques pour adopter le modèle romain avaient vu plusieurs de leurs « vieux saints » disparaître du calendrier. Ils souhaitaient donc obtenir de la Congrégation l’autorisation de les y réintégrer, à l’échelle locale. Dans un premier temps, la Congrégation s’est employée à concéder de manière contrôlée des messes et des offices propres pour ces antiques saints régionaux. À partir du pontificat d’Urbain VIII, cependant, la Congrégation opéra une volte-face radicale et se consacra à bloquer les messes et les offices festifs. Aussi les vieux saints qui n’avaient pas trouvé place dans le Martyrologe romain furent-ils définitivement exclus des pratiques liturgiques.
Un « vieux » saint sans cesse rajeuni : l’évêque romain de Rouen
Authors: Vincent Catherine 
Published: May 2022

L’histoire du culte de saint Romain de Rouen (évêque du VIIe siècle) atteste comment des saints anciens ont pu, dès le Moyen Âge connaître des temps de réactualisation, fût-ce par la transformation de leur légendaire. La trame banale de la première Vie de saint Romain s’est ainsi prêtée à divers remaniements qui en ont fait un saint évangélisateur permettant d’insérer dans le plan divin la conversion des Vikings, une figure épiscopale exemplaire sur le modèle grégorien et le protecteur de la cité, garant du « Privilège saint Romain », droit de grâce exercé par le chapitre. Il est notable que, dans cette perspective, l’Église de Rouen ait retenu un saint de l’époque mérovingienne, plutôt qu’une figure plus récente, comme l’ont fait de nombreuses cités italiennes et lui a manifesté une fidélité durable. Mais au-delà de sa dimension identitaire normande, le saint évêque pourrait aussi incarner les aspirations d’une Église de France en pleine affirmation à la fin du Moyen Âge.
Comparison of Dermoscope and Woods Lamp as A Tool to Study Melanin Depth in Melasma
Authors: Navya Annam , Pai Varadraj 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Melasma is a common acquired disorder of pigmentation that presents as hyperpigmented macules and patches predominately in the sun exposed areas of the face. It is more commonly seen in women.

Objective:
To compare the woods lamp and dermoscopic features of melasma.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional analytical study in a tertiary care hospital setting for over a duration of 3 months. Melasma was clinically classified as centrofacial, malar and mandibular and the patients were then examined using the woods lamp (Dermaindia) and dermoscope (Dermlite DL4). Patients were classified into epidermal, mixed, and dermal melasma based on the level of melanin pigment. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software (version 22) to find the Cohens kappa coefficient. (The degree of agreement between different methods of assessment/different observers.)

Results:
The level of agreement between the two methods was done with the help of Kappa coefficient. The Cohens kappa coefficient was 0.534 with a P = 0.00 (p <.05), which indicated a moderate strength of agreement.

Conclusion:
Among the two diagnostic tools, there was a moderate degree of agreement between dermoscopy and woods lamp in the analysis of melasma.

Limitations:
Both woods lamp and dermoscopy are tools that are subjective in nature. There was a lack of comparison with histopathology or newer diagnostic techniques like reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).
Dermoscopy of Oral Mucosal Lesions
Authors: Rather Shagufta , Shah Aqib A. , Shah Faizan Y. , S Kaur , Bhat Manzoor A. , Reyaz Saika , Hassan Iffat 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Patients with mucosal lesions form a significant number of routine outpatients presenting to the dermatology department where diagnostic confirmation using histopathological examination of mucosal biopsy is neither feasible nor warranted in every patient.

Objective:
To study the dermoscopic features of various mucosal lesions affecting the oral cavity and to assess the reliability of mucoscopy vis-a-vis clinico-laboratory findings.

Materials and Methods:
An observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted over a period of 2 years from March 2019 to February 2021 in the dermatology outpatient department. Patients presenting with oral mucosal lesions, with or without associated cutaneous involvement, were recruited for mucoscopic evaluation after taking an informed written consent. A detailed history and clinical examination, with emphasis on mucocutaneous examination, was performed and findings were recorded on a standard predesigned proforma. Mucoscopy of oral mucosa was carried out using a handheld dermoscope as well as Universal Serial Bus connected video-dermoscope in both nonpolarized and polarized modes. The different mucoscopic features were seen at these sites, compared with each other, analyzed and findings were recorded. A diagnosis was made on the basis of mucoscopic findings and correlated with clinical diagnosis. The data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 34.3 years and the mean lesional duration was 68.2 weeks. Oral lichen planus (18.66%) was the most common disorder studied, followed by recurrent apthous stomatitis (16.00%), pigmentary lesions (12.66%), vascular disorders (12.00%), mucocele (5.33%), pemphigus vulgaris (4.66%), and discoid lupus erythematosus (4.66%).

Conclusion:
Dermoscopy in oral lesions facilitates the visualization of the mucosal surface and provides quick confirmation of diagnosis in various mucosal disorders with advanced diagnostic accuracy. Mucoscopy was found helpful in differentiating the oral ulcers, which are a presenting feature of various serious mucocutaneous disorders. Mucoscopy could be a helpful aid in diagnosing pigmented skin lesions and alleviating the apprehension regarding oral melanoma and serve as a screening tool in case of squamous cell carcinoma lips

Limitations:
Confirmatory histopathological analysis and correlation with mucoscopic findings could not be established in our study.
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Mahajan Vikram K. , Mehta Karaninder S. , Chauhan Pushpinder S. , Manvi Sujaya , Chauhan Amit 
Published: May 2022

Background:
There have been sporadic and periodic large-scale epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with cases at risk for significant morbidity and mortality particularly in Southeast Asia since 1997 and in India since early 2003.

Method:
We retrospectively studied 403 cases recorded from 2009 to 2019 and reviewed relevant Indian literature published between 2004 and 2019 to understand clinical, epidemiological, and virological attributes of this long-lasting Indian epidemic.

Result:
There were 96.8% children and adolescents (M:F 1.6:1) aged 2 months to 18 years and 84% were aged <5 years. Adult family contacts comprised 3.2%. Only 12 sporadic cases occurred during 2009-2011 followed by increased number from 2012 to 2015 peaking with 30.8% cases in 2013 and declining slowly until the year 2019 with small resurge in 2018. The major peaks occurred during summers with small peaks in autumns. Literature review showed 3332 cases presenting between 2004 and 2019 across Indian states with similar epidemiological trends whereas serotyping identified Coxsackievirus A16 (CV A16) in 83%, Coxsackievirus A6 (CV A6) in 17%, Enterovirus 71 in 4.1%, and multiple strains in 11.7% samples, respectively.

Conclusion:
The overall features of this long-lasting HFMD epidemic; affecting children aged <5 years more often than adults, none or minimum neurological or pulmonary complications in few patients, peaks occurring during summer and autumn months, and identity of the pathogenic virus coincide with global trends. However, the continuous spread of the disease across the country appears in sync with pre-epidemic periods of China and Taiwan. It calls for a continuous surveillance and making HFMD a notifiable disease in India.
Impact of Lockdown Restrictions on Treatment of Leprosy
Authors: Dominic Swapna , Sasidharanpillai Sarita , Gangan Reshmi , Minu Ulpurath , Sneha Kurisinkal S. , Hameed Jaseena , Devi Keerankulangara 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shown the potential to affect the life of people all over the world either directly or indirectly.

Aim:
To assess the impact of lockdown measures on treatment of leprosy among patients who received treatment from a tertiary referral centre.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective study was conducted at the dermatology department of a tertiary referral centre.

Materials and Methods:
We did a retrospective analysis of case records of patients with leprosy who received treatment from our tertiary referral centre from 01 March 2020 to 31 May 2021.

Results:
During the 15-month period, 59 patients received multi-drug therapy (MDT) for leprosy from our centre. Thirty-two patients (54.2%) were already receiving MDT as on March 2020, and 27 others (45.8%) were diagnosed with leprosy and started on MDT during the period from March 2020 to May 2021. Two patients (3.4%) developed COVID-19 while on MDT. When lockdown measures were implemented, 12 patients (12/59, 20.3%) discontinued treatment, citing conveyance difficulties. Three patients (3/59, 5.1%) were lost to follow-up.

Limitations:
Small sample size and reliance on retrospective data from a single centre were the major limitations of the study.

Conclusion:
A conscious effort is needed from healthcare professionals and the government to ensure that implementation of national programmes is not adversely affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Intramedullary Expert Tibial Nailing of Distal Tibial Fractures
Authors: Pandit Haazim Haneef , Ringshawl Zubair Younis , Sofi Shafeeq Ahmad , Dar Imtiyaz Hussain , Bashir Arshad , Wani Mohammad Iqbal 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The tibial diaphysis is the most common site of fracture in the tibia and approximately 80% of these fractures have associated fibular fractures. Expert Tibia Nail System (ETNS) system provides extra stability in comparison to conventional intramedullary tibial nail due to multiaxial locking system.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the midterm functional outcome of distal tibial fractures using the ETN.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted from June 2016 to August 2019 comprising a total of 30 cases who were treated by Expert tibial nail fixation for distal tibial fractures. Clinical evaluation was done at each follow-up and final evaluation was done at 9 months postoperatively. The evaluation method at 9 months follow-up was the clinical examination and radiographic imaging.

Results:
Of 30 patients, majority were men. Male-to-female ratio was 3:1 with 22 men (73.33%) and 8 women (26.66%). The mean age of patients was 32 years with a range from 20 to 60 years. Left limb was involved more 16 (53.33%) frequently than right 14 (46.66%). Majority of the patients had trauma due to road traffic accidents (46.66%), fall from height/stairs (26.66%), twisting injuries (23.33%), and sports injuries (3.33%). There were 1 patient with superficial infection which resolved with wound care and antibiotics, 2 with anterior knee pain, 1 with malunion, 1 with delayed union, and 1 patient with nonunion. According to Johner and Wruh’s criteria, excellent results were achieved in 20 patients, good in 5 patients, fair in 4 patients, and poor in 1 patient.

Conclusions:
Expert tibial nailing is a new and innovative procedure for distal tibial fractures. It is safe and effective with the added advantage of providing additional stability and preventing rotational malalignment for distal third tibial fractures in comparison to conventional nailing. Further studies need to be conducted to validate the advantages of this procedure over conventional nailing.
Sexual Dimorphism of the Scapula by Morphometric Analysis in South Indian Population
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Alghamdi Mansour A. , Honnegowda Thittamaranahalli Muguregowda 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Forensic anthropology plays a key role in sexual dimorphism. It is possible to establish a profile and identification of the sex of an individual from the available parts of the skeleton. Several bones present dimorphism and have been studied to increase the approach for forensic identification.

Objective:
We morphometrically evaluated the human scapula and compared the measurements between scapula bone in cadavers of both sex to derive a logistical regression formula for sex determination of the south Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty adult scapulae were used in the study. Scapulae were measured in millimeters for 11 parameters with the help of the sliding caliper.

Results:
The most common shape of glenoid cavity recorded in this study in men and women was pear shape (54.92% and 51.02%) followed by inverted comma shape (31. 49% and 33.73%). The least common shape was oval (13.57% and 15.28). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of parameters studies in men vs. women: MSH––143.3 ± 10.23 vs. 138.2 ± 11.89 mm; the MSB––105.3 ± 12.45 vs. 93.5 ± 9.23 mm; SpW––120.0 ± 0.81 vs. 104.0 ± 0.95 mm; ACW––87.0 ± 0.58 vs. 80.0 ± 0.53 mm; L2––44.7 ± 0.46 vs. 35.3 ± 0.39 mm; L4–50.5 ± 8.6 vs. 45.3 ± 9.51; L6–60.1 ± 7.71 vs. 56.8 ± 8.55 mm; SI glenoid diameter––37.63 ± 7.58 vs. 35.5 ± 4.75 mm; the anteroposterior glenoid diameter 1––24.50 ± 5.86 vs. 22.5 ± 6.93 mm and the anteroposterior glenoid diameter 2––16.30 ± 2.16 vs. 13.57 ± 5.58 mm; and mean glenoid cavity index was 65.10 ± 8.67% vs. 63.4 ± 9.23%. All parameters measured showed statistically significant values (P < 0.05) for the male scapula.

Conclusion:
The scapula can potentially be used in medicolegal investigations in terms of sexual dimorphism. Thus, the results of these studies can provide the baseline values increasing the range of options in the forensic investigation in sex determination.
Prevalence of tobacco consumption and smoking and its effect on outcome among microbiologically confirmed new pulmonary tuberculosis patients on daily regimen of DOTS in Amritsar city
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Mahajan Sanjeev , Lal Mohan , Toor Adarshjot Kaur , Deepti Shyam Sunder , Chawla Naresh 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Tobacco consumption and smoking are causative factors that can create a favorable environment for tuberculosis and increase the morbidity and mortality attributed to it. Tobacco use is the leading global cause of preventable death (6 million deaths per year). This study compares the treatment outcome in pulmonary tuberculosis patients on DOTS daily regimen with respect to consumption of tobacco and smoking

Aims:
1. To study the prevalence of tobacco consumption and smoking among microbiologically confirmed new pulmonary tuberculosis patients. 2. To study the effect of tobacco consumption and smoking on the outcome of microbiologically confirmed new pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Material and Method:
The prospective observational study was conducted on microbiologically confirmed new pulmonary tuberculosis patients enrolled during the first quarter of the year 2019 (i.e., from 01/01/2019 to 03/31/2019) at the four selected DMCs of Amritsar City. In total, 197 patients were included in the study depending on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The prevalence of tobacco consumption and smoking at the start of treatment was noted and the effect on outcome was observed

Results:
Prevalence of tobacco consumption and smoking was found to be 24.37% and 21.83%, respectively. In addition, 93.96% of non-tobacco consumers and 94.15% of non-smokers had favorable outcomes as compared to 83.34% of tobacco consumers and 81.4% of smokers, which is statistically significant

Conclusion:
Tobacco consumption and smoking have significantly higher chances of unfavorable outcomes (loss to follow up, change in treatment regimen, and death) as compared to non-consumption and non-smoking.