bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital interventions to reduce discomfort caused by immobilization in adult trauma victims: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mota Mauro , Cunha Madalena , Santos Eduardo , Abrantes Tito , Melo Filipe , Monteiro Mariana , Santos Margarida Reis 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify the level of discomfort caused by immobilization as reported by trauma victims, and to map all the interventions in the prehospital context where they have been implemented and evaluated in order to reduce discomfort in adult victims of trauma.

Introduction:
Immobilization is a cause of discomfort for trauma victims, which has important implications for the deterioration of vital signs and quality of life. However, discomfort caused by immobilization remains an under-explored topic by the scientific community.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider studies of adult victims of trauma, aged 18 years or over, in prehospital emergency care. Studies that focused on interventions designed to reduce immobilization discomfort, implemented and evaluated by health professionals, of any form, duration, frequency, and dose will be considered.

Methods:
An initial search of PubMed and CINAHL will be undertaken, followed by a second search for published and unpublished studies without time restrictions, in major health care–related electronic databases. Studies in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese will be included. Data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers in a tabular format and will include details about the level of discomfort, interventions, populations, study methods, and outcomes of interest. A narrative synthesis will accompany the results and will describe how they relate to the review objectives.

Review registration number:
OSF https://osf.io/4scg5/
Sexual and reproductive health outcomes for forcibly displaced persons living in urban environments in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Gittings Lesley , Zhao Michelle , Koomson Nana , Lorimer Nicole , Qiao Carina , Marshall Makenna , Choi Ji Yon Amy , Perez-Brumer Amaya , Malama Kalonde 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to characterize the state of literature regarding forcibly displaced persons’ sexual and reproductive health in urban areas in low- and middle-income countries. Specific objectives include describing the sexual and reproductive health outcomes among forcibly displaced persons relocating in urban environments.

Introduction:
As a result of persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations, and disruptive events, 89.3 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced as of the end of 2021. Forcibly displaced people face a wide range of sexual and reproductive health challenges in their countries of origin, en route to final destinations, and on arrival in host communities. There is a growing urbanization of forcibly displaced persons, yet there is limited attention on sexual and reproductive health outcomes of this population.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that include sexual and/or reproductive health outcomes and needs of forcibly displaced persons within urban environments in low- and middle-income countries. Published and unpublished evidence, including quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods research, and gray literature, will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, IBSS, ASSIA, SSCI, and Global Medicus Index will be searched for English-language articles. Titles and abstracts will be screened against the inclusion criteria, followed by full-text review of potentially eligible studies, which will be independently assessed by 2 reviewers. Eligible articles will be extracted and charted. Results from extracted data will be tabulated and accompanied by a narrative summary to summarize and contextualize the extracted data to describe how the results relate to the review's objectives and question.
Dielectrophoretically-Assisted Electrohydrodynamic-Driven Liquid Film Flow Boiling in the Presence and Absence of Gravity
Authors: Castaneda Alexander J. , O'Connor Nathaniel J. , Yagoobi Jamal S. , Didion Jeffrey R. , Martins Mario S. , Hasan Mohammad M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ongoing development of modern electronic systems leads to smaller, more powerful devices that are expected to operate in complex environments. Due to this, advanced thermal management technologies are required to meet the growing demand, especially in space where two-phase thermal systems are limited by the absence of gravity. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) and dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces can be used to sustain stable liquid film flow boiling in the absence of gravity, which is otherwise impractical due to the lack of a required buoyancy force to initiate bubble departure. EHD is a phenomenon that is represented by the interaction between electric fields and fluid flow. The DEP force is characterized by its ability to act on liquid/vapor interfaces due to a high gradient of electrical permittivity. This study investigates the heat transfer characteristics of EHD conduction pumping driven liquid film flow boiling coupled with DEP vapor extraction during a microgravity parabolic flight and on the ground. The results of this study show that EHD and DEP raise the critical heat flux, lower heater surface temperature, and successfully sustain boiling in both microgravity and on the ground with low power consumption. Additionally, the heat transfer data captured in terrestrial, microgravity, and 1.8 g conditions compare well, indicating that combining these mechanisms can provide thermal enhancement independent of gravity. This study provides fundamental understanding of electrically driven liquid film flow boiling in the presence of phase change, paving the way toward developing next-generation heat transport devices for space and terrestrial applications.
Strength and Balance in Recreational Golfers and Non-Golfers Aged 65–79 Years in Community Settings
Authors: Wilson David A. , Brown Simon , Muckelt Paul E. , Warner Martin B. , Agyapong-Badu Sandra , Glover Danny , Murray Andrew D. , Hawkes Roger A. , Stokes Maria 
Published: September 2022

Inactive older adults tend to have decreased strength and balance compared with their more active peers. Playing golf has the potential to improve strength and balance in older adults. The aim of the study was to compare the strength and balance of recreational golfers with non-golfers, aged 65–79 years. Grip strength, single leg balance, and Y Balance Test (YBT) were assessed. Golfers (n = 57) had significantly (right, p = .042; left, p = .047) higher maximal grip strength, than non-golfers (n = 17). Single leg stance times were significantly longer in golfers (right, p = .021; left, p = .001). Normalized YBT reach distances were significantly greater for golfers than non-golfers for composite, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions on both right and left legs. Playing golf appears to be associated with better grip and both static and dynamic balance in 65–79 year olds, indicating that a study of the effects of playing golf is warranted through a larger, fully powered, longitudinal study.
Epistaxis duration predicts bleeding in immune thrombocytopenia: a cohort study
Authors: Reynolds Lianna , Williams Benjamin David , Grainger John 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo test for an association between duration of epistaxis and clinically relevant bleeding in the following 12 months in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe national UK Paediatric ITP registry, a multicentre prospective clinical registry of new cases of ITP between 2006 and February 2020.PatientsAll children aged between 2 months and 16 years in participating UK centres.ExposureEpistaxis at presentation defined as none, <10 min, 10–30 min and >30 min.Main outcome measuresIncident severe bleeds, combined moderate and severe bleeds and drop in haemoglobin (Hb) by ≥20 g/L.ResultsThe sample included 1793 patients, of which 334 had epistaxis <10 min, 88 lasting 10–30 min and 97 >30 min. In the 12 months following presentation, 19 had a severe bleed, 140 had a moderate bleed and 54 had a drop in Hb ≥2 g/dL. Epistaxis >30 min duration was associated with increased odds of severe bleeds (OR 1.43–15.67), moderate or severe bleeding (OR 1.33–4.2) and drop in Hb (OR 1.23–6.91). Shorter duration epistaxis was not associated with increased odds of any outcome. A trend for increased odds with longer duration epistaxis was significant for all outcomes.ConclusionsThe longer the duration of epistaxis at presentation with ITP, the higher the risk of a clinically significant bleeding event in the 12 months following. This should inform clinical severity ratings and treatment decisions.
Lateral flow test performance in children for SARS-CoV-2 using anterior nasal and buccal swabbing: sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values
Authors: Harwood Rachel , Rad Laura , Kelly Christopher , Shelton Cliff , Shepherd Elizabeth , Roderick Marion , Whittaker Elizabeth , Dyke Steven , Patel Sanjay Vallabh , Gent Nick , Kenny Simon E 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine if the sensitivity of the lateral flow test is dependent on the viral load and on the location of swabbing in the respiratory tract in children.DesignPhase 1: Routinely performed reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) using nose and throat (NT) swabs or endotracheal (ET) aspirates were compared with Innova lateral flow tests (LFTs) using anterior nasal (AN) swabs. Phase 2: RT-PCR-positive children underwent paired AN RT-PCR and LFT and/or paired AN RT-PCR and buccal LFT.SettingTertiary paediatric hospitals.PatientsChildren under the age of 18 years. Phase 1: undergoing routine testing, phase 2: known SARS-CoV-2 positive.ResultsPhase 1: 435 paired swabs taken in 431 asymptomatic patients resulted in 8 positive RT-PCRs, 9 PCR test failures and 418 negative RT-PCRs from NT or ET swabs. The test performance of AN LFT demonstrated sensitivity: 25% (4%–59%), specificity: 100% (99%–100%), positive predictive value (PPV): 100% (18%–100%) and negative predictive value (NPV): 99% (97%–99%).Phase 2: 14 AN RT-PCR-positive results demonstrated a sensitivity of 77% (50%–92%) of LFTs performed on AN swabs. 15/16 paired buccal LFT swabs were negative.ConclusionThe NPV, PPV and specificity of LFTs are excellent. The sensitivity of LFTs compared with RT-PCR is good when the samples are colocated but may be reduced when the LFT swab is taken from the AN. Buccal swabs are not appropriate for LFT testing. Careful consideration of the swabbing reason, the tolerance of the child and the requirements for test processing (eg, rapidity of results) should be undertaken within hospital settings.Trial registration numberNCT04629157.
Association of macular OCT and OCTA parameters with visual acuity in glaucoma
Authors: Wu Jo-Hsuan , Moghimi Sasan , Nishida Takashi , Mohammadzadeh Vahid , Kamalipour Alireza , Zangwill Linda M , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: September 2022

Background/aimsTo investigate the association of macular optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT angiography (OCTA) parameters with visual acuity (VA) in glaucoma.Methods144 pseudophakic primary open-angle glaucoma eyes were included. Foveal (fVD), parafoveal (pf), perifoveal (perifVD) and whole-image vessel densities (wiVD) of superficial and deep layers, and their corresponding ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses were obtained from OCTA 6×6 mm2macula scans. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ circumference and foveal density-300 (FD300) were measured. Correlation between OCT/OCTA parameters and Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution VA (logMAR VA) in early and moderate-advanced glaucoma was evaluated with age and Signal Strength Index-adjusted mixed models. Area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) was used to evaluate discriminative power of OCT/OCTA for decreased VA (<20/25).ResultsIn early glaucoma (80 eyes), no parameter correlated with VA. In moderate-advanced glaucoma (64 eyes), greater FAZ area (β=0.228) and circumference (β=0.063) correlated with worse VA (p<0.05), but not FD300. fThinner sectoral and global GCC was associated with worse VA (β=0.002–0.003, p<0.05), except for inferior hemifield perifGCC and wiGCC. For VD, lower superior hemifield superficial perifVD and wiVD (β=0.007–0.008) and deep fVD (β=0.004) correlated with worse VA (p<0.05). OCT/OCTA parameters showed modest ability to discriminate decreased VA, with the superior hemifield performing better than the inferior hemifield. In early glaucoma, GCC and VD showed similar discrimination (AUC=0.67–0.77). In moderate-advanced glaucoma, fGCC and pfGCC yielded higher AUC (0.75–0.81) than VD (AUC=0.63–0.72).ConclusionsSome macular OCT/OCTA parameters were associated with VA in moderate-advanced, but not early glaucoma. These structural parameters may help identify glaucoma patients with impaired vision and reduced quality of life.Trial registration numberNCT00221897.
A search for relevant contextual factors in intervention studies: a stepwise approach with online information
Authors: Van der Elst Michael , Schoenmakers Birgitte , Dierckx Eva , De Donder Liesbeth , De Roeck Ellen , Duppen Daan , Fret Bram , Schols Jos M G A , Kempen Gertrudis I J M , De Lepeleire Jan 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to describe a stepwise approach to study which contextual factors might moderate the effect of healthcare interventions and to test feasibility of this approach within the D-SCOPE project.DesignExploratory case study.SettingIn the D-SCOPE project, a complex intervention by means of home visits was set up to improve access to tailored care in three municipalities (Ghent, Knokke-Heist and Tienen).MethodsOne designed and tested an approach including five steps: (1) a theoretical/conceptual discussion of relevant contextual factor domains was held; (2) a search was done to find appropriate web-based public datasets which covered these topics with standardised information; (3) a list of all identified contextual factors was made (inventory); (4) to reduce the long list of contextual factors, a concise list of most relevant contextual factors was developed based on the opinion of two independent reviewers and (5) a nominal grouping technique (NGT) was applied.ResultsThree public web-based datasets were found resulting in an inventory of 157 contextual factors. After the selection by two independent reviewers, 41 contextual factors were left over and presented in a NGT which selected 10 contextual factors. The NGT included seven researchers, all familiar with the D-SCOPE intervention, with various educational backgrounds and expertise and lasted approximately 1 hour.ConclusionThe present study shows that a five-step approach is feasible to determine relevant contextual factors that might affect the results of an intervention study. Such information may be used to correct for in the statistical analyses and for interpretation of the outcomes of intervention studies.NCT03168204
Retained radial catheters associated with variant radial anatomy in neurointerventional procedures
Authors: Catapano Joshua S , Winkler Ethan A , Srinivasan Visish M , Dishion Evan L , Rutledge Caleb , Baranoski Jacob F , Cole Tyler S , Rudy Robert F , Rumalla Kavelin , Zomaya Martin P , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Ducruet Andrew F , Albuquerque Felipe C 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundTransradial artery access (TRA) for neurointerventional procedures is gaining widespread acceptance. However, complications that were previously rare may arise as TRA procedures increase. Here we report a series of retained catheter cases with a literature review.MethodsAll patients who underwent a neurointerventional procedure during a 23-month period at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed for a retained catheter in TRA cases. In cases of retained catheters, imaging was reviewed for anatomical variances in the radial artery, and clinical and demographic case details were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1386 nondiagnostic neurointerventional procedures were performed during the study period, 631 (46%) initially via TRA. The 631 TRA cases were performed for aneurysm embolization (n=221, 35%), mechanical thrombectomy (n=116, 18%), carotid stent/angioplasty (n=40, 6%), arteriovenous malformation embolization (n=38, 6%), and other reasons (n=216, 34%). Thirty-nine (6%) TRA procedures crossed over to femoral access, most commonly because the artery of interest could not be catheterized (26/39, 67%). A retained catheter was identified in five cases (1%), and one (0.2%) patient had an entrapped catheter that was recovered. All six patients with a retained or entrapped catheter had aberrant radial anatomy.ConclusionRetained catheters for neurointerventional procedures performed via TRA are rare. However, this complication may be associated with variant radial anatomy. With the increased use of TRA for neurointerventional procedures, awareness of anatomical abnormalities that may lead to a retained catheter is necessary. We propose a simple protocol to avoid catheter entrapment, including in emergent situations such as TRA for stroke thrombectomy.
A descriptive study of venous pressures and gradients while awake and both pre- and post-stent under anesthesia in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Fargen Kyle M , Wolfe Stacey Q , Traunero Justin R , Iyer Ankitha M , Kittel Carol 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to explore factors that affect venous sinus pressures and associated gradients while awake and under general anesthesia (GA) both before and after venous sinus stenting (VSS) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed examining pressures and gradients in patients with IIH having undergone awake venography followed by VSS under GA.Results174 patients were included. Compared with awake, GA superior sagittal sinus (SSS) pressures were 2.6 mmHg lower (p=0.01) resulting in a total cranial gradient reduction of 2.5 mmHg (p=0.002). The transverse-sigmoid gradient, the most commonly stented segment, did not differ under the two conditions (p=0.30). Regression analyses demonstrated that body mass index, gender, blood pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide content significantly affected venous pressures (all p<0.05). After stenting, mean total cranial gradients decreased by 13.2 mmHg while skull base gradients increased by 0.8 mmHg. Stenting resulted in an 84% mean reduction in the target gradient and a mean decrease in SSS pressures by 78% of the target gradient. When cardiopulmonary and anesthetic factors were optimized, GA had a limited effect on the target gradient in most patients (p=0.88).ConclusionsThis study is the largest series to date to report on cerebral venous pressure measurements and gradients recorded while awake and under GA both before and after VSS for IIH. In a well-controlled cardiorespiratory and anesthetic setting, GA venography may provide information that is not substantially inequivalent to that obtained while awake.
Primitive idempotents in a semisimple ring
Authors: Singh Inderjit , Kumar Pankaj , Sangwan Monika 
Published: September 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be distinct primes, [Formula: see text] odd. Let [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] be an integer. In this paper, it is observed that the explicit expressions of primitive idempotents from [Formula: see text] are sufficient to compute the explicit expressions of primitive idempotent in semisimple ring [Formula: see text]. It is also shown that the results obtained in [A. Sahni and P. T. Sehgal, Minimal cyclic codes of length [Formula: see text], Finite Fields Appl. 18(5) (2012) 1017–1036; P. Kumar and S. K. Arora, [Formula: see text]-mapping and primitive idempotents in semisimple ring [Formula: see text], Comm. Algebra 41(10) (2013) 3679–3694] are simple corollaries to the results obtained in the paper.
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Therapy for the Chemoprevention of Human Rectal Aberrant Crypt Foci: Nonrandomized, Open-Label, Controlled Trial
Authors: Higurashi Takuma , Ashikari Keiichi , Tamura Shigeki , Saigusa Yusuke , Takatsu Tomohiro , Misawa Noboru , Yoshihara Tsutomu , Matsuura Tetsuya , Fuyuki Akiko , Ohkubo Hidenori , Kessoku Takaomi , Hosono Kunihiro , Yoneda Masato , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) are widely used drugs for treating allergic asthma, and they have recently been suggested to have a suppressive effect on carcinogenesis and cancer cell proliferation. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are considered a reliable surrogate biomarker of colorectal cancer. This prospective study explored the chemopreventive effect of an LTRA on colonic ACF formation and the safety of the medicine in patients as a pilot trial leading to a colorectal cancer chemoprevention trial.

This was a nonrandomized, open-label, controlled trial in patients with colorectal ACFs. The participants were allocated to LTRA or observation groups. Patients in the LTRA group received 10 mg of montelukast orally daily for 8 weeks. After the intervention, colonoscopy was performed to evaluate the changes in the number of ACFs.

From November 2017 to March 2020, 40 patients were enrolled. The first 30 were assigned to the LTRA group, and the remaining 10 were assigned to the observation group. In the LTRA group, the mean change in the number of ACFs per patient at 8 weeks from baseline was −2.4 ± 2.2, while the mean change in the observation group was 0.4 ± 2.3 (P = 0.002). There were no severe adverse events.

This is the first study to explore the effect of LTRAs against colorectal ACF formation in humans. LTRAs are potential candidates for chemoprevention in colorectal cancer.

Prevention Relevance:
We conducted the first LTRA chemoprevention trial for human rectal ACFs, which is considered a surrogate marker of colorectal carcinogenesis. 8-week treatment with LTRA suppressed ACF formation and cell proliferation in colonic epithelium. LTRAs are possible candidates for chemoprevention in colorectal cancer.
See related Spotlight, p. 637