bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards online delivery of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: A scoping review
Authors: Lakeman Richard , King Peter , Hurley John , Tranter Richard , Leggett Andrew , Campbell Katrina , Herrera Claudia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) programmes are often the only available treatment for people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and were rapidly converted to online delivery during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Limited research exists surrounding how the major elements of DBT are delivered in an online environment. This scoping review considered the operationalization of online delivery of DBT and its effectiveness. EBSCO host databases were searched using free text. Of 127 papers, 11 studies from 2010 to 2021 investigating online DBT for any clinical population were included in the review. A narrative synthesis of papers selected was undertaken. Seven articles reported results from five clinical trials (n = 437). Most adaptations mirrored face‐to‐face programmes although there was considerable variation in how therapy was facilitated. Attendance was reported to be greater online with comparable clinical improvements to face‐to‐face for those who remained in therapy. Additional challenges included managing risk, therapist preparedness and technology difficulties. Online delivery of DBT programmes is feasible and may be more accessible, acceptable and as safe and effective as face‐to‐face delivery. However, mirroring face to face delivery in an online environment may not be the most effective and efficient way to adapt DBT to online provision. Research is needed to identify areas which require further adaptation.
High‐quality ternary relaxor ferroelectric thin films on Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition method
Authors: Wang Jiasheng , Li Zihao , Zhang Mengyuan , Zhou Lechao , Jiang Xianyao , Duan Zhihua , Wang Feifei , Wang Tao , Tang Yanxue , Zhou Helezi , Zhao Xiangyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, ternary relaxor ferroelectric thin films 0.5mol% Mn‐doped 0.36Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐0.36Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.28PbTiO3 (Mn‐PIMNT) with high Curie point were grown on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate with the addition of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 (LSCO) as a buffer layer. The phase and domain structure, nanoscale piezoelectric response, and macroscopic ferroelectric, dielectric, pyroelectric properties of Mn‐PIMNT thin films were studied. Both the crystalline quality and the crystallographic orientation exhibited strong temperature dependence within the substrate temperature of 450–580°C. Under the optimized temperature of 530°C, the Mn‐PIMNT thin film exhibited excellent global electrical properties with remnant polarization Pr∼35.6 μC/cm2, coercive field Ec∼5.1 kV/mm, dielectric constant ∼3360, and relatively low dielectric loss tanδ∼0.03. It was further found that the pyroelectric coefficient of the Si‐substrated Mn‐PIMNT thin film reached 6.7 × 10−4 C/m2·K. The optimized ferroelectric thin films Mn‐PIMNT on Si substrate with excellent temperature stability show great potential in integrated microelectromechanical systems.
Standardized wild apple fruit extract as a bioactive agent in dermocosmetic products for efficacy skin hydration—In vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Stojiljković Dragana , Nešić Ivana , Tadić Vanja , Najman Stevo , Stojanović Sanja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWild apple fruit is rich source of bioactive substances, which can be potentially used for a production of dermocosmetic products.AimThe aim of study was in vitro and in vivo investigation of standardized wild apple fruit extracts (obtained by purified water and maceration‐EM, percolation‐EP, Soxhlet extraction‐ES and ultrasonic extraction‐EU) and dermocosmetic creams of o/w type containing 6%, 12%, and 15% of extract EU, as extract with the best content of polyphenolic compounds (CE6, CE12, and CE15, respectively), in order to determine the optimal concentration of the extract, which manifests the best effect on the biophysical characteristics of the skin after application.MethodsContent of polyphenolic substances‐PP was investigated using HPLC analysis, while in vitro biological activity was examined on L929 fibroblasts using MTT viability test. In vivo efficacy included screening and comparison of skin hydration potential, transepidermal water loss‐TEWL, and skin pH after 28 days of creams application on healthy volunteers' skin.ResultsContent of identified PP was the highest in the extract EU (2001.57 ± 0.87 mg PP/100 g EU) and satisfactory in cream CE6 (53.83 ± 0.23 mg PP/100 g CE6). Procyanidin B2 was the most common PP. Biological activity analysis showed that extract EU could be considered as non‐cytotoxic for fibroblasts in examined concentrations. In vivo investigation revealed an increase of skin hydration (after 28 days ΔEC was 21.19 ± 7.59, 26.71 ± 7.94, and 29.60 ± 10.95 for CE6, CE12, and CE15, respectively), with unchanged TEWL and skin pH values.ConclusionObtained results indicate that wild apple fruit extract represents a valuable source of bioactive substances, with good hydration effects of creams on human skin (effect of creams increased proportionally to the increase of concentration of incorporated extract), so it might be considered as a great potential for application in dermocosmetic industry.
Adverse effects of E‐cigarettes on head, neck, and oral cells: A systematic review
Authors: Wilson Catherine , Tellez Freitas Claudia M. , Awan Kamran Habib , Ajdaharian Janet , Geiler Jordan , Thirucenthilvelan Pratheeba 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundE‐cigarette sales in the United States (US) are projected to reach 16.5 billion by 2024 according to market analysis. Six deaths and 450 lung illnesses have been linked to e‐cigarette use. To our knowledge, a systematic review of the adverse effects of e‐cigarettes on head, neck, and oral cells does not exist. This review aimed to conduct a systematic review of current literature to determine whether e‐cigarettes caused adverse effects on cells of the head, neck, and oral cavity.MethodsFive databases including Medline, Dentistry and Oral Sciences, CINAHL, CAPLUS, Web of Science, and gray literature were searched for articles any time up to December 2020. Using Rayyan software, two‐independent researchers screened 233 articles and extracted 41 for further investigation. Based on the inclusion criteria, 18 articles were eligible for this review.ResultsAberrant morphology, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, reduced viability, delayed fibroblast migration, and genotoxicity were statistically significant when the head, neck, and oral cells were exposed to e‐cigarettes. Of note, most articles in this systematic review found cigarette smoke to be significantly more toxic to head, neck, and oral cells than e‐cigarettes.ConclusionsE‐cigarettes are implicated in adverse effects on head, neck, and oral cells, yet very few have been tested against these cells. More longitudinal studies using a wider variety of e‐cigarettes are necessary before we can determine their total adverse effects. Future research must also investigate chronic e‐cigarette use and if it leads to periodontal disease and/or head, neck, or oral cancer.
Children's emotional experiences in and about nature across temporal–spatial entanglements during digital storying
Authors: Byman Jenny , Kumpulainen Kristiina , Wong Chin‐Chin , Renlund Jenny 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate how digital storying creates opportunities for children to attend to their emotional experiences in and about nature. Following relational ontology and socio‐cultural theorising, we focus our analysis on the temporal–spatial entanglements of children's emotional experiences. Our inquiry draws on a case study of two children at a Finnish primary school. Liam and Vera engaged in digital storying in their local forest using an augmented storycrafting app, MyAR Julle. The data were collected during two storying workshops by means of observational field notes, video recordings, interviews with the children and digital artefacts. The results illustrate how engaging in the narrative plot of a fictitious augmented character invited the children to create necessary open‐endedness in the activity which further stimulated their storying. The children's experiences were imbued with emotions and distributed across human and non‐human actors. The children's digital storying not only communicated their personal emotional experiences in local surroundings, but was also grounded in broader societal narratives, such as climate change and forest conservation, with considerations of the future of the planet. The results suggest how digital storying offers a pedagogical method for early environmental education that builds on children's emotional experiences.
Fat Is All My Fault: Globalized Metathemes of Body Self‐blame
Authors: Trainer Sarah , SturtzSreetharan Cindi , Wutich Amber , Brewis Alexandra , Hardin Jessica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNorms valorizing not‐fat bodies appear to have spread around the world, combined with a globalizing belief that thinness is the result of individual management of self and hard work. We examine themes of blame and felt responsibility for weight and “fat” in four distinct geographic and cultural locations: peri‐urban Georgia, United States; suburban Osaka, Japan; urban Encarnación, Paraguay; and urban Apia, Samoa. Use of a novel metatheme approach that compares and contrasts these four distinct places characterized by different population‐level prevalences of obesity and by specific cultural histories relevant to body norms and ideals provides a flexible toolkit for comparative cross‐cultural/multi‐sited ethnographic research. We show that self‐blame, marked by an articulated sense of individual responsibility for weight and a sense of failing in this responsibility, is present in every field site, but to varying degrees and expressed in different ways.[fat, obesity, metatheme, stigma, self‐blame]
Neo‐sex chromosome evolution and phenotypic differentiation across an elevational gradient in horned larks (Eremophila alpestris)
Authors: Shakya Subir B. , Wang‐Claypool Cynthia Y. , Cicero Carla , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Mason Nicholas A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenetic structure and phenotypic variation among populations are affected by both geographic distance and environmental variation across species' distributions. Understanding the relative contributions of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE) is important for elucidating population dynamics across habitats and ecological gradients. In this study, we compared phenotypic and genetic variation among Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) populations from 10 sites encompassing an elevational gradient from low‐elevation desert scrub in Death Valley (285 a.s.l.) to high‐elevation meadows in the White Mountains of the Sierra Nevada of California (greater than 3000 m a.s.l.). Using a ddRAD data set of 28,474 SNPs aligned to a high‐quality reference genome, we compared genetic structure with elevational, environmental, and spatial distance to quantify how different aspects of the landscape drive genomic and phenotypic differentiation in Horned Larks. We found larger‐bodied birds were associated with sites that had less seasonality and higher annual precipitation, and longer spurs occurred in soils with more clay and silt content, less sand, and finer fragments. Larks have large neo‐sex chromosomes, and we found that associations with elevation and environmental variation were much stronger among neo‐sex chromosomes compared to autosomes. Furthermore, we found that putative chromosomal translocations, fusions, and inversions were associated with elevation and may underlie local adaptation across an elevational gradient in Horned Larks. Our results suggest that genetic variation in Horned Larks is affected more by IBD than IBE, but specific phenotypes and genomic regions—particually on neo‐sex chromosomes—bear stronger associations with the environment.
Association between nonpharmacological strategies and delirium in the intensive care unit
Authors: Bersaneti Mariana Davies Ribeiro , Whitaker Iveth Yamaguchi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral nonpharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of delirium have been increasingly used because the aetiology of delirium is multifactorial.AimsTo verify the association between nonpharmacological strategies (presence of companion, mobilization, absence of physical restraint and natural light) and the occurrence of delirium, and to identify risk factors for delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Study DesignThe study was conducted in a Brazilian medical and surgical ICU. The sample included patients older than 18 years with length of ICU stay greater than 24 h and without delirium on admission. Delirium was identified by applying the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU). The association between the variables and delirium was analysed using Mann–Whitney and chi‐square tests, and multivariate logistic regression to identify the predictive factors.ResultsOf the 356 patients, 64 (18%) had delirium. The presence of a companion, mobilization, and physical restraint were associated with delirium, and the first two were identified as protective factors. That is, the odds of delirium decreased by 88% when a companion was present and by 95% when the patient was mobilized. The risk factors of delirium were length of ICU stay and age.ConclusionsThe presence of a companion and patient mobilization were identified as protective factors against delirium, highlighting their importance as preventive actions, especially in patients with a higher risk of developing this disorder. The findings regarding physical restraint can also be considered evidence indicating the need for careful use of this measure in clinical practice until evidence of its relationship with delirium is confirmed.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe implementation of strategies such as early mobilization, presence of a companion and careful assessment for the use of physical restraint by the multidisciplinary team can help control the occurrence of delirium in the ICU.
Water‐related innovations in land plants evolved by different patterns of gene cooption and novelty
Authors: Bowles Alexander M. C. , Paps Jordi , Bechtold Ulrike 
Published: January 2022

Summary

The origin of land plants and their descendants was marked by the evolution of key adaptations to life in terrestrial environments such as roots, vascular tissue and stomata. Though these innovations are well characterized, the evolution of the genetic toolkit underlying their development and function is poorly understood.

We analysed molecular data from 532 species to investigate the evolutionary origin and diversification of genes involved in the development and regulation of these adaptations.

We show that novel genes in the first land plants led to the single origin of stomata, but the stomatal closure of seed plants resulted from later gene expansions. By contrast, the major mechanism leading to the origin of vascular tissue was cooption of genes that emerged in the first land plants, enabling continuous water transport throughout the ancestral vascular plant. In turn, new key genes in the ancestors of plants with true leaves and seed plants led to the emergence of roots and lateral roots.

The analysis highlights the different modes of evolution that enabled plants to conquer land, suggesting that gene expansion and cooption are the most common mechanisms of biological innovation in plant evolutionary history.
Make concentrated trade not war?
Authors: Yakovlev Pavel , Spleen Brandon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn a seminal paper, Martin, Mayer, and Thoenig,The Review of Economic Studies, 2008,75(3), 865–900, show that bilateral trade decreases the probability of a militarized interstate dispute (MID), while multilateral trade increases it by allowing countries to decrease the opportunity cost of conflict through trade diversification. Lee and Pyun (2016) challenge this assertion by showing that both bilateral and multilateral trade flows reduce the likelihood of MID. This study develops an alternative measure of trade diversification based on Hirschman's (National power and the structure of foreign trade,1945, Berkley: University of California Press) market concentration index and estimates its effect on the probability of MID. We find that the estimated impact of trade diversification on MID depends crucially on the model's inclusion of the trade–distance interaction terms.
A life cycle approach to environmental assessment of wastewater and sludge treatment processes
Authors: Patel Kulvendra , Singh Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool for determining a product or a process's environmental effects. In this study, LCA evaluates the critical sources of environmental impacts in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative LCA of four wastewater treatment (WWT) methods: activated sludge process, sequential batch reactor, constructed wetlands, and up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket, including the sludge treatment methods: anaerobic digestion (AD), AD with pretreatment, lime stabilization (LS), and LS with energy recovery. Environmental impacts are analysed using the IMPACT 2002+ approach and Simapro 9.1 software using the Ecoinventv3.6 database. The study result shows that the sequential batch reactor has the highest environmental effects because of its high energy consumption. Electricity used for treatment is the primary contributor to environmental impacts. The study helps in evaluating the potential environmental impacts corresponding to a WWTP and identifying the hotspots associated with the process.
WE HUMANS ARE THE WORST AND THE BEST AND …
Authors: Rolston Holmes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe humans have extended culture amplifying our powers. Our genotypes are differentially expressed in phenotypes, increasing our preferring us over them, escalating our worst and best. Our groups are more ruthless than individuals. Our brain/minds are hyperimmense, neuroplastic in advancing our powers in collective technology. We fear reaching a tipping point, a point of no return, pending doom for humans and jeopardizing the planet forever. We humans are the best and the worst and … we have blundered into doubly compounded wickedness. We struggle to gain truth, and live with our biases, religious and secular. We are capable of the highest good, exemplified in individuals in their spiritual communities. We can also fall into enormous evil, made worse by our community allegiances. We are well into the greatest experiment ever, an Anthropocene Epoch in which the dangerous outcome cannot be undone, nor the experiment repeated.
Surgical fixation with K-wires versus casting in adults with fracture of distal radius: DRAFFT2 multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Costa Matthew L , Achten Juul , Ooms Alexander , Png May Ee , Cook Jonathan A , Lamb Sarah E , Hedley Helen , Dias Joseph 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess wrist function, quality of life, and complications in adult patients with a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius, treated with either a moulded cast or surgical fixation with K-wires.

Design
Multicentre randomised clinical superiority trial,

Setting
36 hospitals in the UK National Health Service (NHS).

Participants
500 adults aged 16 or over with a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius, randomised after manipulation of their fracture (255 to moulded cast; 245 to surgical fixation).

Interventions
Manipulation and moulded cast was compared with manipulation and surgical fixation with K-wires plus cast. Details of the application of the cast and the insertion of the K-wires were at the discretion of the treating surgeon, according to their normal clinical practice.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome measure was the Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score at 12 months (five questions about pain and 10 about function and disability; overall score out of 100 (best score=0 and worst score=100)). Secondary outcomes were PRWE score at three and six months, quality of life, and complications, including the need for surgery due to loss of fracture position in the first six weeks.

Results
The mean age of participants was 60 years and 417 (83%) were women; 395 (79%) completed follow-up. No statistically significant difference in the PRWE score was seen at 12 months (cast group (n=200), mean 21.2 (SD 23.1); K-wire group (n=195), mean 20.7 (22.3); adjusted mean difference −0.34 (95% confidence interval −4.33 to 3.66), P=0.87). No difference was seen at earlier time points. In the cast group, 33 (13%) of participants needed surgical fixation for loss of fracture position in the first six weeks compared with one revision surgery in the K-wire group (odds ratio 0.02, 95% confidence interval 0.001 to 0.10).

Conclusions
Among patients with a dorsally displaced distal radius fracture that needed manipulation, surgical fixation with K-wires did not improve patients’ wrist function at 12 months compared with a cast.

Trial registration

ISRCTN registry
ISRCTN11980540
.
Flash glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin in the USA: a retrospective real-world chart review study and meta-analysis
Authors: Carlson Anders L , Daniel Timothy Dilon , DeSantis Andrea , Jabbour Serge , Karslioglu French Esra , Kruger Davida , Miller Eden , Ozer Kerem , Elliott Tom 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionEvidence supporting use of continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin is unclear. This real-world study aimed to assess the impact on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of flash glucose monitoring use in adults with type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin.Research design and methodsMedical records were reviewed for adult individuals with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin for ≥1 year with or without additional antihyperglycemic medication, HbA1c 8.0%–12.0% prior to FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring use for ≥90 days and an HbA1c measurement recorded between 90 and 194 days after device use. Exclusion criteria included utilization of bolus insulin. Meta-analysis data are from the current study (USA) and a similar Canadian cohort.ResultsMedical record analysis (n=100) from 8 USA study sites showed significant HbA1c decrease of 1.4%±1.3%, from 9.4%±1.0% at baseline to 8.0%±1.2% after device use, p<0.0001 (mean±SD).Meta-analysis of medical records from USA and Canada sites (n=191) showed HbA1c significantly decreased by 1.1%±0.14% (mean±SE), from baseline 9.2%±1.0% to 8.1%±1.1%, p≤0.0001, with moderate to high heterogeneity between sites (Q=43.9, I2=74.9, p<0.0001) explained by differences in baseline HbA1c between sites.The HbA1c improvement in both groups was observed by age group, body mass index, duration of insulin use and sex at birth.ConclusionsIn a real-world retrospective USA study and a meta-analysis of a larger USA and Canada cohort, HbA1c significantly reduced in basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, without bolus insulin initiation and following the commencement of ﬂash glucose monitoring technology.