bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI-SCoRE (artificial intelligence-SARS CoV2 risk evaluation): a fast, objective and fully automated platform to predict the outcome in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Palmisano Anna , Vignale Davide , Boccia Edda , Nonis Alessandro , Gnasso Chiara , Leone Riccardo , Montagna Marco , Nicoletti Valeria , Bianchi Antonello Giuseppe , Brusamolino Stefano , Dorizza Andrea , Moraschini Marco , Veettil Rahul , Cereda Alberto , Toselli Marco , Giannini Francesco , Loffi Marco , Patelli Gianluigi , Monello Alberto , Iannopollo Gianmarco , Ippolito Davide , Mancini Elisabetta Maria , Pontone Gianluca , Vignali Luigi , Scarnecchia Elisa , Iannacone Mario , Baffoni Lucio , Sperandio Massimiliano , de Carlini Caterina Chiara , Sironi Sandro , Rapezzi Claudio , Antiga Luca , Jagher Veronica , Di Serio Clelia , Furlanello Cesare , Tacchetti Carlo , Esposito Antonio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and validate an effective and user-friendly AI platform based on a few unbiased clinical variables integrated with advanced CT automatic analysis for COVID-19 patients’ risk stratification.

Material and Methods
In total, 1575 consecutive COVID-19 adults admitted to 16 hospitals during wave 1 (February 16-April 29, 2020), submitted to chest CT within 72 h from admission, were retrospectively enrolled.
In total, 107 variables were initially collected; 64 extracted from CT. The outcome was survival.
A rigorous AI model selection framework was adopted for models selection and automatic CT data extraction. Model performances were compared in terms of AUC. A web–mobile interface was developed using Microsoft PowerApps environment. The platform was externally validated on 213 COVID-19 adults prospectively enrolled during wave 2 (October 14-December 31, 2020).

Results
The final cohort included 1125 patients (292 non-survivors, 26%) and 24 variables. Logistic showed the best performance on the complete set of variables (AUC = 0.839 ± 0.009) as in models including a limited set of 13 and 5 variables (AUC = 0.840 ± 0.0093 and AUC = 0.834 ± 0.007). For non-inferior performance, the 5 variables model (age, sex, saturation, well-aerated lung parenchyma and cardiothoracic vascular calcium) was selected as the final model and the extraction of CT-derived parameters was fully automatized. The fully automatic model showed AUC = 0.842 (95% CI: 0.816–0.867) on wave 1 and was used to build a 0–100 scale risk score (AI-SCoRE). The predictive performance was confirmed on wave 2 (AUC 0.808; 95% CI: 0.7402–0.8766).

Conclusions
AI-SCoRE is an effective and reliable platform for automatic risk stratification of COVID-19 patients based on a few unbiased clinical data and CT automatic analysis.
Feasibility of iodine concentration and extracellular volume fraction measurement derived from the equilibrium phase dual-energy CT for differentiating thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Takumi Koji , Nagano Hiroaki , Myogasako Tsuyoshi , Nakano Tsubasa , Fukukura Yoshihiko , Ueda Kazuhiro , Tabata Kazuhiro , Tanimoto Akihide , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the diagnostic feasibility of iodine concentration (IC) and extracellular volume (ECV) fraction measurement using the equilibrium phase dual-energy CT (DECT) for the evaluation of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

Materials and methods
This study included 33 TETs (11 low-risk thymomas, 11 high-risk thymomas, and 11 thymic carcinomas) that were assessed by pretreatment DECT. IC was measured during the equilibrium phases and ECV fraction was calculated using IC of the thymic lesion and the aorta. IC and ECV fraction were compared among TET subtypes using the Kruskal–Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the ability of IC and ECV fraction to diagnose thymic carcinoma.

Results
IC during the equilibrium phase and ECV fraction differed among the three TET groups (both p < 0.001). IC during the equilibrium phase and ECV fraction was significantly higher in thymic carcinomas than in thymomas (1.9 mg/mL vs. 1.2 mg/mL, p < 0.001; 38.2% vs. 25.9%, p < 0.001; respectively). The optimal cutoff values of IC during the equilibrium phase and of ECV fraction to diagnose thymic carcinoma were 1.5 mg/mL (AUC, 0.955; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 90.9%) and 26.8% (AUC, 0.888; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 72.7%), respectively.

Conclusion
IC and ECV fraction measurement using DECT are helpful in diagnosing TETs. High IC during the equilibrium phase and high ECV fraction are suggestive of thymic carcinoma.
Rural tourism networking and covid-19 crisis: a gender perspective
Authors: Morales-Hernández Ana M. , Fernández-Hernández Carlos , Díaz-Pérez Flora M. , García-González Carlos G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper studies networking in rural tourism from a gender perspective comparing pre and post Covid period. The empirical study consisted of a questionnaire answered by 154 tourism promoters. Results showed a higher percentage of promoters belonging to an association during the Covid-19. There was a link between receiving training and belonging to an association and a significant relationship between participation in associations and receiving public funds, this relationship being found more among male promoters. On the other hand, a higher score was given by women for the advantages of networking, and mainly for the following: ‘Simplifies the management of booking’.
China’s carbon neutrality: an extensive and profound systemic reform
Authors: Lu Xi , Tong Dan , He Kebin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChina is the largest developing economy and carbon dioxide emitter in the world, the carbon neutrality goal of which will have a profound influence on the mitigation pathway of global climate change. The transition towards a carbon-neutral society is integrated into the construction of ecological civilization in China, and brings profound implications for China’s socioeconomic development. Here, we not only summarize the major challenges in achieving carbon neutrality in China, but also identify the four potential new opportunities: namely, the acceleration of technology innovations, narrowing regional disparity by reshaping the value of resources, transforming the industrial structure, and co-benefits of pollution and carbon mitigation. Finally, we provide five policy suggestions and highlight the importance of balancing economic growth and carbon mitigation, and the joint efforts among the government, the enterprises, and the residents.
Phenotypic plasticity in plasmodial slime molds and molecular phylogeny of terrestrial vs. aquatic species
Authors: Hoppe T. , Kutschera U. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFifty years ago, the enigmatic Brazilian myxomycete-species Didymium aquatile was described and analyzed with respect to the structure of the plasmodium and its spores. In this study, we compare this rare plasmodial slime mold with another, temporarily aquatic taxon from Europe, Didymium nigripes. Phenotypic plasticity of D. nigripes was investigated under various environmental conditions. Large changes in the morphology of the plasmodia were observed. For species identification, characteristics of the fruiting bodies are key features. However, Didymium aquatile was only characterized by its “abnormal” plasmodia, but no molecular data were available. Here, we analyzed DNA-sequences of 22 species of the genera Didymium and Diderma with a focus on this South American taxon via molecular genetics. A comparison of 18S-rDNA-sequences from D. aquatile and 21 other Didymium (and Diderma)-species indicates that D. aquatile is a reproductively isolated morpho-species. Phenotypic plasticity of D. nigripes is documented with respect to plasmodium morphology and the formation of fruiting bodies, as an example of an adaptation of a terrestrial species to aquatic environments.
A New Cover Name for Latin Mercurius in Some Fifteenth-Century English Alchemical Recipes
Authors: Bulotta Donata 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnonymous alchemical poetry, which flourished during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in England, consisted of laboratory texts mainly concerning recipes and practical notes about the production of the philosophers’ stone or elixir. These texts, which are not part of the authoritative writings of the famous alchemists of the time, re-purposed the Opus in a prosaic and pragmatic way. They made use of the same mysterious lexicon of the well-known alchemical treatises, but they often revisited and modified it according to their own needs. Very little attention has been given to this body of writing or to the processes of adaptation of the original Latin figurative alchemical vocabulary during vernacular translation. This paper focuses on a particular lexical item related to a transmutative procedure identifiable in a collection of fifteenth-century English recipes for making the elixir. It highlights the strategy an anonymous writer employed to coin a metaphorical formula to describe cryptically the mysterious aqua mercurialis. This formula was handed down in a corpus of manuscripts without being fully understood by copyists and users. In fact, later translators, in rendering it from English into Latin, turned it into an unsuitable expression, which led to the loss of its semantic implications.
Geoheritage Assessment and Potential Geotouristic Enhancement in Mountain Environments: a Test-Site in the Northern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Guerra Veronica , Lazzari Maurizio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work proposes an integrated methodology to inventory and quantitatively assess the geosites located in a mountain context of northern Apennines. The geological and geomorphological heritage and the historical, cultural, and religious heritage produce a complex cultural landscape. Such a context is expressed sometimes through monumental examples and other times through hidden or invisible points of interest. In particular, the test area is located between the Emilia-Romagna and Toscana regions (high valley of Tiber, Senatello and Marecchia rivers), including part of three protected areas. The choice of these test sites has been addressed also considering that meaningful historical sites and cultural testimonies are widely present, in addition to the geological and geomorphological features. Amongst these sites, we have considered the Mt. Faggiola Castle ruins, where Dante was possibly hosted when exiled from Florence, the St. Francesco route from Rimini to La Verna, the Historical Park of the Gothic Line of Badia Tedalda and the background of one of the most iconic Leonardo da Vinci’s portraits, la Gioconda.
Interactions Between Infectious Foodborne Viruses and Bacterial Biofilms Formed on Different Food Contact Surfaces
Authors: Gagné Marie-Josée , Savard Tony , Brassard Julie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBacterial biofilms contribute to contamination, spoilage, persistence, and hygiene failure in the food industry, but relatively little is known about the behavior of foodborne viruses evolving in the complex communities that make up biofilm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between enteric viruses and biofilms on food contact surfaces. Formed biofilms of mono- and multispecies cultures were prepared on glass, stainless steel, and polystyrene coupons and 105 pfu/ml of murine norovirus, rotavirus, and hepatitis A virus were added and incubated for 15 min, 90 min, and 24 h. The data obtained clearly demonstrate that the presence of biofilms generally influences the adhesion of enteric viruses to different surfaces. Many significant increases in attachment rates were observed, particularly with rotavirus whose rate of viral infectious particles increased 7000 times in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens on polystyrene after 24 h of incubation and with hepatitis A virus, which seems to have an affinity for the biofilms formed by lactic acid bacteria. Murine norovirus seems to be the least influenced by the presence of biofilms with few significant increases. However, the different factors surrounding this association are unknown and seem to vary according to the viruses, the environmental conditions, and the composition of the biofilm.
Exploring the transformative potential of design thinking pedagogy in hybrid setting: a case study of field exercise course, Japan
Authors: Taimur Sadaf , Onuki Motoharu , Mursaleen Huma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current research explores the transformative potential of Design Thinking (DT) pedagogy in Higher Sustainability Education (HSE) in a hybrid (mix of online and face-to-face) setting. The case study examined a Field Exercise in Sustainability Science (FESS) course, using DT pedagogy, in a HSE program at a university in Japan. The critical transformative learning experiences (i.e., signs of transformative learning) were captured to investigate whether DT pedagogy has allowed learners to challenge their perspectives and go through the transformative learning experience. The qualitative case study captures the critical transformative learning experiences by collecting students’ perspectives through semi-structured interviews, reflections, and class observations. As a result, the research successfully captured the signs of transformative learning, where each student went through multidimensional and embodied transformative experiences. Furthermore, the results show how DT as a pedagogy can support transformative learning in HSE by encouraging disorienting dilemmas, promoting reflection and discourse, fostering relationships, providing context, and offering an engaging experience. DT as a pedagogy can bring transformative learning into practice in HSE, and it can be implemented effectively using a digital or hybrid learning approach without a need for complex structural changes. The paper can provide concrete lessons for practice and curriculum development to bring transformative learning into digital teaching practice in HSE.
Evaluating different configurations of machine learning models and their transfer learning capabilities for stress detection using heart rate
Authors: Albaladejo-González Mariano , Ruipérez-Valiente José A. , Gómez Mármol Félix 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the twentyfirst-century society, several soft skills are fundamental, such as stress management, which is considered one of the key ones due to its strong relationship with health and well-being. However, this skill is hard to measure and master without external support. This paper tackles stress detection through artificial intelligence (AI) models and heart rate, analyzing in WESAD and SWELL-KW datasets five supervised models and five unsupervised anomaly detection models that had not been tested before for stress detection. Also, we analyzed the transfer learning capabilities of the AI models since it is an open issue in the stress detection field. The models with the highest performance on test data were the anomaly detection Local Outlier Factor (LOF) with F1-scores of 88.89% in WESAD and 77.17% in SWELL-KW, and the supervised Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) with F1-scores of 99.03% in WESAD and 82.75% in SWELL-KW. However, when evaluating the transfer learning capabilities of these AI models, MLP performed much worse on the other dataset, decreasing the F1-score to 28.41% in SWELL-KW and 57.28% in WESAD. In contrast, LOF reported better transfer learning performance achieving F1-scores of 70.66% in SWELL-KW and 85.00% in WESAD. Finally, we found that training AI models with both datasets (i.e., with data from different contexts) improved the average performance of the models and their generalization; with this setup, LOF achieved F1-scores of 87.92% and 85.51% in WESAD, and 78.03% and 82.16% in SWELL-KW; whereas MLP obtained 78.36% and 81.33% in WESAD, and 79.37% and 80.68% in SWELL-KW. Therefore, we suggest as a promising direction the use of anomaly detection models or multi-contextual training to improve the transfer learning capabilities in this field, which is a novelty in the literature. We believe that these AI models combined with the use of non-invasive wearables can enable a new generation of stress management mobile applications.
Kirby diagrams and 5-colored graphs representing compact 4-manifolds
Authors: Casali Maria Rita , Cristofori Paola 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well-known that in dimension 4 any framed link (L, c) uniquely represents the PL 4-manifold $$M^4(L,c)$$

M
4

(
L
,
c
)

obtained from $${\mathbb {D}}^4$$

D

4

by adding 2-handles along (L, c). Moreover, if trivial dotted components are also allowed (i.e. in case of a Kirby diagram$$(L^{(*)},d)$$

(

L

(

∗
)

,
d
)

), the associated PL 4-manifold $$M^4(L^{(*)},d)$$

M
4

(

L

(

∗
)

,
d
)

is obtained from $${\mathbb {D}}^4$$

D

4

by adding 1-handles along the dotted components and 2-handles along the framed components. In this paper we study the relationships between framed links and/or Kirby diagrams and the representation theory of compact PL manifolds by edge-colored graphs: in particular, we describe how to construct algorithmically a (regular) 5-colored graph representing $$M^4(L^{(*)},d)$$

M
4

(

L

(

∗
)

,
d
)

, directly “drawn over” a planar diagram of $$(L^{(*)},d)$$

(

L

(

∗
)

,
d
)

, or equivalently how to algorithmically obtain a triangulation of $$M^4(L^{(*)},d)$$

M
4

(

L

(

∗
)

,
d
)

. As a consequence, the procedure yields triangulations for any closed (simply-connected) PL 4-manifold admitting handle decompositions without 3-handles. Furthermore, upper bounds for both the invariants gem-complexity and regular genus of $$M^4(L^{(*)},d)$$

M
4

(

L

(

∗
)

,
d
)

are obtained, in terms of the combinatorial properties of the Kirby diagram.
Revisiting the Argument for Non-Conceptual Self-Consciousness Based on the Meaning of “I”
Authors: Niemeck Maik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA widely shared view in the literature on first-person thought is that the ability to entertain first-person thoughts requires prior non-conceptual forms of self-consciousness. Many philosophers maintain that the distinctive awareness which accompanies the use of the first person already presupposes a non-conceptual consciousness of the fact that oneself is the owner of a first-person thought. I call this argument The Argument for Non-Conceptual Self-Consciousness based on the Meaning of “I” and will demonstrate that most proponents of the presented argument fail to establish their conclusion, even though I believe that the conclusion is actually true. The argument only justifies the claim that contextual information is needed in order to recognize oneself as the referent of an occurrence of the first person. However, it does not justify the thesis that this information needs to be given consciously and thus the existence of any non-conceptual self-consciousness. Finally, I shall present an argument for the assumption that some form of self-consciousness is needed to reflexively think about oneself via the first-person concept. In order to do so, I will draw on the general discussion about the functional role of consciousness. In particular, I will rely on results recently proposed by Frith and Metzinger (2016), Frith (Pragmatics & Cognition 18:497–551, 2010, Cognitive Neuroscience 2:117–118, 2011), Graziano (2013, Frontiers in Robotics and AI 4:article 60, 2017), and Graziano and Kastner (Cognitive Neuroscience 2:98–113, 2011), which suggest that one of the central functions of consciousness is to provide information about mental states for communication.
Marine conservation in Vanuatu: Local conceptualisation and ‘assemblage’
Authors: Pascht Arno 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article deals with the local conceptualisation of ‘conservation’ in the village Siviri in Vanuatu where villagers have established and maintain a small marine conservation area. Looking at villagers’ motivations, the aim is to carve out the local conceptualisation and practice of ‘conservation’, to show what conservation is for the villagers. The theoretical framework is a combination of two approaches, namely ‘assemblage’ and ‘world-making’. Conservation in Siviri is ontologically different from the concept of conservation used in Vanuatu national policy. It can be regarded as a creative engagement of villagers with their environment(s) to preserve the specific world-making assemblage consisting of humans and marine life for future generations.
Methane emissions from macrophyte beach wrack on Baltic seashores
Authors: Björk Mats , Rosenqvist Gunilla , Gröndahl Fredrik , Bonaglia Stefano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBeach wrack of marine macrophytes is a natural component of many beaches. To test if such wrack emits the potent greenhouse gas methane, field measurements were made at different seasons on beach wrack depositions of different ages, exposure, and distance from the water. Methane emissions varied greatly, from 0 to 176 mg CH4-C m−2 day−1, with a clear positive correlation between emission and temperature. Dry wrack had lower emissions than wet. Using temperature data from 2016 to 2020, seasonal changes in fluxes were calculated for a natural wrack accumulation area. Such calculated average emissions were close to zero during winter, but peaked in summer, with very high emissions when daily temperatures exceeded 20 °C. We conclude that waterlogged beach wrack significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and that emissions might drastically increase with increasing global temperatures. When beach wrack is collected into heaps away from the water, the emissions are however close to zero.
Novel chitosan-acetyl isatin polymer derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and applications in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Dardeer Hemat M. , Taha Ahmed G. , Abouzeid Ragab E. , Aly Moustafa F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNovel crystalline and thermally stable chitosan-N-acetylisatin (Chs-NAI) polymer derivatives were synthesized by chitosan modification. These polymers were formed by insertion of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and doping with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) yielding pseudopolyrotaxane (Chs-NAI/βCD), Chs-NAI/ZnO-NPs, and Chs-NAI/βCD/ZnO NP composites. The chemical structure and morphology of the newly prepared polymers were investigated by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. Also, the optical properties and thermal stability analysis of the synthesized polymers were examined. These results showed that the use of β-CD or ZnO NPs to modify the polymer (Chs-NAI) dramatically improves the thermal stability and optical properties of the synthesized polymer. The weight losses of the synthesized polymers are 66%, 56%, 48%, and 59% in Chs-NAI, Chs-NAI/βCD, Chs-NAI/ZnO, and Chs-NAI/βCD/ZnO, respectively. For mineral deposition, Chs-NAI/βCD/ZnO was presoaked with a PO43− containing solution before being immersed in a Ca2+ containing solution. The properties of Chs-NAI/βCD/ZnO nanoparticles/calcium phosphate materials were examined to confirm the deposition of the calcium phosphate on the Chs-NAI/βCD/ZnO nanoparticles surface using different techniques. Based on the results of the tests on the Vero cell lines, Chs-NAI/βCD/ZnO NPs)/calcium phosphate demonstrated very mild cytotoxicity. In addition, the feasibility of a wide variety of hybrid was assessed with an MTT test, and it was determined that they were noncytotoxic under a variety of hybrid concentrations.