bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinforced or disrupted ideal worker norms in the pandemic? Analyzing the gendered impact of the pandemic on professional specialisms in a Professional Services Firm in Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Asfahani Lilas , Hebson Gail , Bresnen Mike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper uses a critical case study of a subsidiary of a multinational Professional Services Firm (PSF) in Kuwait to explore whether new organizational routines and ways of working in the pandemic created opportunities for gendered ideal worker norms to be challenged or modified. We revisited research findings from an in‐depth case study conducted in the pre‐Covid context where differentiated patterns of gendered ideal norms across Consulting, Audit and Tax professional specialisms were identified. We reveal how tenacious these ideal norms are by showing how early possibilities of rethinking ways of being “ideal” in the pandemic were superseded by a return to pre‐Covid ways of working. The primacy of the client‐ethos and being available remained intact, although the paper reveals the importance of situating changes in localized contexts and recognizing the uneven nature of change across professional specialisms and within organizational contexts. Specifically, shifts to more flexible working for the Audit specialism may have created opportunities for women to progress; but male dominance of the Tax specialism in Kuwait was entrenched further by a rigid return to normal. Significantly, the globalized nature of PSF professional identities appeared constant in the context of change, but their impact on gender equality in PSFs may still be shaped by the particular cultural and institutional context.
Pathways to recovery model of youth substance misuse in Assam, India
Authors: Madill Anna , Duara Raginie , Goswami Sangeeta , Graber Rebecca , Hugh‐Jones Siobhan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere are global calls for better understanding of substance use disorder (SUD) to inform prevention, risk reduction and treatment of this relapse‐prone disorder. Our aim in this article is to understand the pathways to recovery of youth in Assam, India who have suffered SUD.MethodsWe recruited 15 participants (11 men and 4 women) via two rehabilitation facilities. All are addicts‐in‐recovery aged 19–24 years. Material was generated through photo‐led interviews, analysed using an inductive variant of thematic analysis and the resulting model refined through expert and participant checks.ResultsWe present a multiroute, multidirectional pathway to recovery model. It has three phases, Recreational Use, Addiction (Relaxed, Chaotic, Strategic) and Supported Recovery, each phase consisting of cycling between, or transitioning through, a series of stages.ConclusionsThe model enhances psycho‐socio‐cultural insights into the experience of risk and recovery, and informs prevention and treatment for youth substance misuse in Assam. This is the first model of its kind and an important public health resource. We discuss the possible transferability of the model to a wider range of contexts.Patient or Public ContributionThe model presented was generated through analysis of interviews with addicts‐in‐recovery. Four of these addicts‐in‐recovery, and two mental health and rehabilitation service providers, conducted participant and expert checks of the model leading to its improvement.
Split moult: a response to time constraints during the main moult period
Authors: Kiat Yosef , Izhaki Ido 
Published: November 2022

Split moult is a relatively rare adaptation to cope with time constraints in the annual cycle, although less rare than previously thought. This moult pattern mainly occurs among long‐distance migrants but also among some northern species wintering in the northern or temperate zones. Hedenström et al. rejected the conclusion of Kiat and Izhaki that split moult is a time constraint strategy; instead, they advocated the view that it is an endogenously controlled strategy. They based their conclusion on the first winter secondaries moult by juvenile birds and on the post‐breeding moult sequence. In contrast, we argue that Hedenström et al.'s conclusions are flawed, probably due to their focus on only one species (Barred Warbler Curruca nisoria). Our results suggest that there are no indications of the uniqueness of the secondaries moult by juvenile birds in relation to other species which have no split moult. We thus suggest that split moult is not initiated during the birds' first winter. In addition, there is no difference in moult sequence, although decoupling between two feather tracts occurs (primaries and secondaries), which is a common mechanism among many passerines that perform a partial or incomplete moult. We therefore argue that split moult is an adaptive strategy driven largely by the actual time constraints the birds experience, as already experimentally proven.
ZmMYC2s play important roles in maize responses to simulated herbivory and jasmonate
Authors: Ma Canrong , Li Ruoyue , Sun Yan , Zhang Mou , Li Sen , Xu Yuxing , Song Juan , Li Jing , Qi Jinfeng , Wang Lei , Wu Jianqiang 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBoth herbivory and jasmonic acid (JA) activate the biosynthesis of defensive metabolites in maize, but the mechanism underlying this remains unclear. We generated maize mutants in which ZmMYC2a and ZmMYC2b, two transcription factor genes important in JA signaling, were individually or both knocked out. Genetic and biochemical analyses were used to elucidate the functions of ZmMYC2 proteins in the maize response to simulated herbivory and JA. Compared with the wild‐type (WT) maize, the double mutant myc2ab was highly susceptible to insects, and the levels of benzoxazinoids and volatile terpenes, and the levels of their biosynthesis gene transcripts, were much lower in the mutants than in the WT maize after simulated insect feeding or JA treatment. Moreover, ZmMYC2a and ZmMYC2b played a redundant role in maize resistance to insects and JA signaling. Transcriptome and Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation‐Sequencing (CUT&Tag‐Seq) analysis indicated that ZmMYC2s physically targeted 60% of the JA‐responsive genes, even though only 33% of these genes were transcriptionally ZmMYC2‐dependent. Importantly, CUT&Tag‐Seq and dual luciferase assays revealed that ZmMYC2s transactivate the benzoxazinoid and volatile terpene biosynthesis genes IGPS1/3, BX10/11/12/14, and TPS10/2/3/4/5/8 by directly binding to their promoters. Furthermore, several transcription factors physically targeted by ZmMYC2s were identified, and these are likely to function in the regulation of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. This work reveals the transcriptional regulatory landscapes of both JA signaling and ZmMYC2s in maize and provides comprehensive mechanistic insight into how JA signaling modulates defenses in maize responses to herbivory through ZmMYC2s.
The US Adventure in Western Sahara: From Ford to Trump
Authors: Garí Domingo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the involvement of American governments in the Moroccan war against the Polisario Front, from the Ford administration to the Trump presidency. The consultation of primary sources clarifies particular aspects of this involvement and indicates the role each actor has played in this conflict. The determined support of Republican administrations for the Moroccan side was due to their interests in consolidating reactionary allies in North Africa and shoring up their policies in the Middle East. There is a clear parallel between Morocco's war with the Sahrawis and Israel's conflict with the Palestinians. Although the American preference for Morocco is evident, and its support has prolonged the war, it should be pointed out that the main perpetrator was King Hassan II, who launched the conquest to strengthen his power at a time when his leadership was in question and his throne in danger.
The MerR‐family regulator NmlR is involved in the defense against oxidative stress in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Fritsch Verena Nadin , Linzner Nico , Busche Tobias , Said Nelly , Weise Christoph , Kalinowski Jörn , Wahl Markus C. , Antelmann Haike 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae has to cope with the strong oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), during host–pathogen interactions. Thus, we analyzed the global gene expression profile of S. pneumoniae D39 towards HOCl stress. In the RNA‐seq transcriptome, the NmlR, SifR, CtsR, HrcA, SczA and CopY regulons and the etrx1‐ccdA1‐msrAB2 operon were most strongly induced under HOCl stress, which participate in the oxidative, electrophile and metal stress response in S. pneumoniae. The MerR‐family regulator NmlR harbors a conserved Cys52 and controls the alcohol dehydrogenase‐encoding adhC gene under carbonyl and NO stress. We demonstrated that NmlR senses also HOCl stress to activate transcription of the nmlR‐adhC operon. HOCl‐induced transcription of adhC required Cys52 of NmlR in vivo. Using mass spectrometry, NmlR was shown to be oxidized to intersubunit disulfides or S‐glutathionylated under oxidative stress in vitro. A broccoli‐FLAP‐based assay further showed that both NmlR disulfides significantly increased transcription initiation at the nmlR promoter by RNAP in vitro, which depends on Cys52. Phenotype analyses revealed that NmlR functions in the defense against oxidative stress and promotes survival of S. pneumoniae during macrophage infections. In conclusion, NmlR was characterized as HOCl‐sensing transcriptional regulator, which activates transcription of adhC under oxidative stress by thiol switches in S. pneumoniae.
Methionine oxidation in bacteria: A reversible post‐translational modification
Authors: Vincent Maxence S. , Ezraty Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMethionine is a sulfur‐containing residue found in most proteins which are particularly susceptible to oxidation. Although methionine oxidation causes protein damage, it can in some cases activate protein function. Enzymatic systems reducing oxidized methionine have evolved in most bacterial species and methionine oxidation proves to be a reversible post‐translational modification regulating protein activity. In this review, we inspect recent examples of methionine oxidation provoking protein loss and gain of function. We further speculate on the role of methionine oxidation as a multilayer endogenous antioxidant system and consider its potential consequences for bacterial virulence.
“I Preferred to Take Another Activity From the Textbook”: An Activity–Theoretical Study of Learning to Design Language Teaching Materials
Authors: Carabantes Luis , Paran Amos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing activity theory, an offshoot of sociocultural theory, we examined how a group of preservice teachers (PSTs) of English in Chile learnt to design language teaching materials. Data from PSTs, teacher educators, and mentoring teachers shows how the conceptual tool of “teaching English as teaching the textbook” is appropriated by a group of PSTs and how their development of teacher agency is undermined by textbooks during their practicum—as well as showing the influential role of mentoring teachers and teacher educators in the appropriation of this conceptual tool. The study discusses the implications of how textbooks are used for English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language teacher education.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of invasive and non‐invasive fusariosis in South Korea
Authors: Park Hyejin , Bae Seongman , Kim Min Jae , Chong Yong Pil , Kim Sung‐Han , Choi Sang‐Ho , Lee Sang‐Oh , Kim Yang Soo , Jung Jiwon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fusariosis mainly affects immunocompromised patients including haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and those with haematologic malignancy. There are limited studies on invasive fusariosis in the Asia‐Pacific region.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of invasive and non‐invasive fusariosis in South Korea.Patients/MethodsFrom 2005 to 2020, patients with fusariosis who met the revised European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group criteria for the definition of proven or probable invasive fusariosis, and those with non‐invasive fusariosis were retrospectively reviewed in a tertiary medical centre in Seoul, South Korea.ResultsOverall, 26 and 75 patients had invasive and non‐invasive fusariosis, respectively. Patients with invasive fusariosis commonly had haematologic malignancy (62%), were solid organ transplant recipients (23%), and had a history of immunosuppressant usage (81%). In non‐invasive fusariosis, diabetes mellitus (27%) and solid cancer (20%) were common underlying conditions. Disseminated fusariosis (54%) and invasive pulmonary disease (23%) were the most common clinical manifestations of invasive fusariosis; skin infection (48%) and keratitis (27%) were the most common manifestations of non‐invasive fusariosis. Twenty‐eight‐day and in‐hospital mortalities were high in invasive fusariosis (40% and 52%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, invasive fusariosis (adjusted odds ratio, 9.6; 95% confidence interval 1.3–70.8; p = .03) was an independent risk factor for 28‐day mortality.ConclusionsPatients with invasive fusariosis were frequently immunocompromised, and more than half had disseminated fusariosis. Invasive fusariosis was associated with poor prognosis.
Are secessionists making the right arguments for independence?
Authors: Griffiths Ryan , Waters Kari 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere are roughly 70 secessionist movements around the world, and all of them advance arguments for why they deserve independence. These include restorative rights, remedial rights, primary rights, a history of conflict and functionality‐based arguments. However, no one has conducted a comprehensive analysis to see how these arguments (or grievances) match reality. That is, are secessionists making the right arguments given their context? To answer this question, we utilise a data set of potential secessionist grievances to determine what normative arguments each secessionist movement ought to make given their setting. We conduct a content analysis of the normative appeals/grievances that have actually been made by specific secessionist movements since 2000. We then compare the predicted grievances against the actual grievances and summarise the patterns. The results matched our predictions where restorative rights, remedial rights and functionality‐based arguments are concerned. Our analysis returned a positive and statistically significant relationship. However, we found no evidence that those making conflict‐related arguments were more likely to exist in conflict settings. Interestingly, the findings for primary rights were the opposite of our expectations; it is the secessionists with the most political voice, not the least, that are the keenest to stress primary rights.
New perspectives on the molecular mechanisms of stress signalling by the nucleotide guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), an emerging regulator of photosynthesis in plants and algae
Authors: Mehrez Marwa , Romand Shanna , Field Ben 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe nucleotides guanosine tetraphosphate and guanosine pentaphosphate (together (p)ppGpp) are found in a wide range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms where they are associated with stress signalling. In this review, we will discuss recent research highlighting the role of (p)ppGpp signalling as a conserved regulator of photosynthetic activity in the chloroplasts of plants and algae, and the latest discoveries that open up new perspectives on the emerging roles of (p)ppGpp in acclimation to environmental stress. We explore how rapid advances in the study of (p)ppGpp signalling in prokaryotes are now revealing large gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of signalling by (p)ppGpp and related nucleotides in plants and algae. Filling in these gaps is likely to lead to the discovery of conserved as well as new plant‐ and algal‐specific (p)ppGpp signalling mechanisms that will offer new insights into the taming of the chloroplast and the regulation of stress tolerance.
Looking to the past to understand the future: linking evolutionary modes of response with functional and life history traits in variable environments
Authors: Gremer Jennifer R. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryIn a variable world, plants must have strategies to deal with environmental conditions as they change. Understanding these strategies is critical since climate change not only affects mean conditions but also affects variability and predictability of those conditions. Doing so requires identifying how functional and life history traits interact throughout the life cycle to drive responses, as well as exploring how past variability will shape future responses. Here, I highlight relevant life history theory for predicting strategies in relation to the nature of environmental variability, relate theory to empirical studies integrating functional and life history traits to understand responses, and identify key areas for future research that will facilitate the application of this understanding toward predicting responses to climate change.
A key virulence effector from cyst nematodes targets host autophagy to promote nematode parasitism
Authors: Chen Jiansong , Chen Shiyan , Xu Chunling , Yang Huijun , Achom Mingkee , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system conserved in eukaryotes, has been increasingly recognized as a key battlefield in plant–pathogen interactions. However, the role of plant autophagy in nematode parasitism is mostly unknown.

We report here the identification of a novel and conserved effector, Nematode Manipulator of Autophagy System 1 (NMAS1), from plant‐parasitic cyst nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera spp.). We used molecular and genetic analyses to demonstrate that NMAS1 is required for nematode parasitism. The NMAS1 effectors are potent suppressors of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by flg22 and cell death mediated by immune receptors in Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting a key role of NMAS1 effectors in nematode virulence.

Arabidopsis atg mutants defective in autophagy showed reduced susceptibility to nematode infection. The NMAS1 effectors contain predicted AuTophaGy‐related protein 8 (ATG8)‐interacting motif (AIM) sequences. In planta protein–protein interaction assays further demonstrated that NMAS1 effectors specifically interact with host plant ATG8 proteins. Interestingly, mutation in AIM2 of GrNMAS1 from the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis abolishes its interaction with potato StATG8 proteins and its activity in ROS suppression.

Collectively, our results reveal for the first time that cyst nematodes employ a conserved AIM‐containing virulence effector capable of targeting a key component of host autophagy to promote disease.
Two‐sided roles of adipose tissue: Rethinking the obesity paradox in various human diseases from a new perspective
Authors: Pan Jing , Yin Jianqiong , Gan Lu , Xue Jianxin 
Published: November 2022

SummaryOverweight and obesity, as a result of excess fat accumulation, have become a worldwide public health issue. Recent studies have shown that obesity is closely related to many human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in which adipose tissue plays a dual role. In addition to thermal and mechanical insulation and a critical role in energy storage and heat production, adipose tissue is also a highly plastic endocrine and signaling organ that secretes multiple bioactive molecules for inter‐organ crosstalk. The phenotypic and biological changes of adipose tissue under pathological conditions, especially in obesity, increase the challenge of deciphering the positive or negative effects of adipose tissue in disease. Despite numerous studies on obesity and adipose tissue, the ambiguous role of adipose tissue on specific organs or tissues in different diseases is not fully understood, and the definite mechanisms remain obscure. In this review, we first summarize the basic biological characteristics of adipose tissue in the physiological state and the abnormal remodeling of adipose tissue during obesity. We then discuss the complex and disparate effects of obesity on various human diseases, with a particular focus on the dual roles and underlying mechanisms of adipose tissue, a quintessential player in obesity, in this process. More importantly, rethinking the causes of the “obesity paradox” phenomenon in diseases from the perspective of adipose homeostasis and dysfunction provides a novel strategy for disease treatment by intervening in fat function.
Road Curbs Extraction from Mobile Laser Scanning Point Clouds with Multidimensional Rotation‐Invariant Version of the Local Binary Pattern Features
Authors: Ma Xinjiang , Yue Dongjie , Liu Rufei , Wang Ruisheng , Zhu Shaolin , Wang Minye , Yu Jiayong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRoad curb is one of the important components of road information, and its high‐precision information is significant for the development of autonomous driving, intelligent transportation and smart cities. A mobile laser scanning (MLS) system can acquire high‐precision and high‐density road three‐dimensional (3D) point clouds data, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and non‐contact. However, how to extract accurate road information from the massive and disordered point clouds is one of the current research priorities and difficulties. This paper presents a new method to extract the road curbs from the MLS point clouds. The proposed method mainly includes three steps: pre‐processing, road curbs extraction and vectorisation. Pre‐processing obtains the ground, including road subsection and ground identification. Road curbs are first quantitatively represented by the rotation‐invariant version of the local binary pattern (LBPROT) values in three dimensions, including spatial elevation mode, spatial dispersion mode and spatial shape mode, and then they are extracted by a multidimensional LBPROT features semantic recognition model. Vectorised road curb polylines are connected by accurate road curbs points, which are obtained through simplification and denoising. The proposed method was tested on two large‐scale datasets collected from arterial roads and expressways, respectively. The precision of the results was > 95%, recall was > 90% and the F1 score was > 0.93. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively extract road curbs in different environments and has robust adaptability.