bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Leptin, Adiponectin Levels, and Nutritional Status in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Utari Agustini , Panunggal Damianus Galih , Rahardjo Tithasiri Audi , Lestari Wiwik , Cayami Ferdy K , Winarni Tri Indah 
Published: December 2022

Background: Children with Down Syndrome (DS) have been associated with obesity. Leptin and adiponectin were also significant predictors of obesity and its comorbidity in DS. However, there was limited data regarding leptin and adiponectin in children with DS, particularly who were undernutrition. This study aimed to seek the role of leptin levels, adiponectin levels, and nutritional status in children with DS.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 children with DS aged 1 - 5 years. Height and weight were measured, and then the growth was interpreted using a DS growth chart. The Weight for Height Z-Score (WHZ) and Height for Age Z-Score (HAZ) were determined, and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was measured. Leptin and adiponectin serum were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Mann-Whitney test was done to compare leptin and adiponectin levels in normal and wasted groups, while Spearman’s analysis was carried out to correlate laboratory results and anthropometric parameters.
Results: Forty children participated (23 males, 17 females) with a median age was 25.5 months. Ten out of 40 children with DS (25%) were wasted and leptin was significantly lower in wasted compared to normal children. In addition, leptin was significantly correlated with WHZ (r = 0.415; p = 0.008), and MUAC (r = 0.427; p = 0.006), while adiponectin did not significantly correlate with those anthropometric variables in both wasted or non-wasted groups.
Conclusion: Leptin is associated with WHZ and MUAC, and it decreases in wasted children with DS.
Promoting critical thinking through simulation-based healthcare training (SBHT): A scoping review
Authors: Henrico K , Oostdam N 
Published: December 2022

Background. Critical thinking (CT) is an essential graduate attribute for health professions (HP) students. Yet, achieving a higher level of CT in HP students through education is often difficult for educators. SBHT has proven to be an effective strategy to promote CT, but it is not clear how this educational pedagogy should be implemented to achieve higher levels of CT.Objective. To identify and describe the use of simulation-based healthcare training (SBHT) strategies to promote CT in HP students.
Methods. Based on the revised methodology of Levac et al., a scoping review was conducted on studies reporting an improvement in CT through simulation-based healthcare education published between January 2010 and August 2021.Results. Twenty articles were included. Through thematic analysis, three main themes were identified: contact simulations, computer-based simulations, and debriefing. The focus was on how these approaches were used to promote CT. Various subthemes were also identified.
Conclusion. Correctly planning and implementing a simulation-based experience that relates to the relevant learning activities, combined with repeat practice and guided reflection during the debriefing stage, improves the CT skills of HP students.
Student perceptions of an online surgical teaching programme during the COVID-19 pandemic at the University of KwaZulu-Natal: A short report
Authors: Ebrahim S , Singh B , Van Wyk J M 
Published: December 2022

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented global health crisis, with impacts on many facets of the health system, including lack of access to regular training wards and the need for social distancing, which posed particular challenges to undergraduate teaching.Objectives. To explore the perceptions of students of the online surgical programme at UKZN.Methods. An online survey was administered to 258 final-year students. Data were collected on student demographics, impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the teaching programme, engagement and learning from live Zoom sessions, overall perceptions about the module and general feedback on students’ experience of the programme.
Results. Most students (84%, 77/91) supported the need to change to the virtual programme. The module was perceived as well-structured (89%, 81/91). Most students (87%, 79/91) regarded the online resource materials as beneficial. Analysis of open-ended responses showed that asynchronous delivery allowed students to review and revisit resources in their own time. Student challenges included poor internet connectivity, difficulty in concentrating where live sessions exceeded an hour, and lack of clinical exposure.
Conclusion. Online teaching in medical education is a feasible option for remote learning. However, it cannot replace the benefits gained during clinical exposure. Findings from this study will help to set a benchmark for online surgical training at UKZN and develop best practices for blended teaching models. As we adapt to a new normal in the era of COVID-19, the disruptions and results of innovative teaching methods have the potential to change the future of medical education.
Immunogenicity With Ranibizumab Biosimilar SB11 (Byooviz) and Reference Product Lucentis and Association With Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Bressler Neil M. , Kim Taehyung , Oh Inkyung , Russo Paola , Kim Mercy Yeeun , Woo Se Joon 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceSB11 and reference ranibizumab (RBZ) are monoclonal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–A antibodies approved for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and other retinal diseases. The association of ranibizumab immunogenicity and treatment outcomes in patients with nAMD is unclear but relevant regarding concerns about immunogenicity of anti-VEGF biological products.ObjectiveTo examine the association of immunogenicity to ranibizumab products (SB11 and RBZ) with efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-masked, parallel-group phase 3 equivalence study with participants from 75 centers in 9 countries conducted from March 14, 2018, to December 9, 2019. Included were participants 50 years or older with nAMD and active subfoveal choroidal neovascularization lesions.InterventionsIntravitreal injection of SB11 or RBZ, 0.5 mg, every 4 weeks through week 48.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSerum antidrug antibodies (ADAs) were analyzed during the study period until week 52 to measure immunogenicity. Analyses were performed on immunogenicity (overall ADA positivity) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST). Adverse events associated with intraocular inflammation (IOI) and serum ranibizumab levels were compared between overall ADA-positive and ADA-negative participants.ResultsA total of 705 participants (mean [SD] age, 74.1 [8.5] years; 403 female individuals [57.2%]) were included in the study. The overall incidence of ADA-positivity was 32 of 657 (4.9%) at week 52. The least-squares mean (SE) differences between overall ADA-positive and ADA-negative participants up to week 52 for BCVA and CST, respectively, were 1.6 (2.2) letters (95% CI, −2.7 to 5.8; P = .46) and 3 (13) μm (95% CI, −23 to 29; P = .83). IOI-related events occurred in 1 of 32 overall ADA-positive participants (3.1%) and 4 of 620 overall ADA-negative participants (0.6%). Mean (SD) serum ranibizumab concentrations over time were slightly lower in overall ADA-positive participants compared with those of ADA-negative participants, with a maximum value of 1389.3 (875.4) pg/mL at week 16 vs 1665.4 (1124.0) pg/mL at week 36, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this post hoc analysis of an equivalence trial suggest that immunogenicity was not associated with efficacy and safety of SB11 and RBZ in participants with nAMD. With a low overall ADA incidence, no clear association was identified between overall ADA positivity and pharmacokinetics. These findings support the biosimilarity of SB11 and RBZ, with no safety concern identified for SB11 vs RBZ associated with immunogenicity.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03150589
Regularized Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Cheng , Hsu Nan Jung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraditional principal component analysis (PCA) suffers from high estimation variability and low interpretability in high‐dimensional data analysis. This article presents several regularization approaches for PCA by imposing structural constraints on eigenvectors to avoid overfitting and ease interpretation. Applying shrinkage, thresholding, smoothing, or rotation on eigenvectors leads to regularized PCA with enhanced interpretability.
Metal Complexes as Resistance Breakers or Metalloantibiotics for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Li Hongyan , Sun Hongzhe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacterial strains post significant threats to public health globally. Owing to the complexity of AMR, different strategies have been proposed, among which metal‐based strategy has receiving growing attention. Metallodrugs/ metal‐based complexes often exert multi‐targeted mode of action, thus having less likelihood to evolve resistance. Moreover, metal complexes could also target resistant enzymes produced by bacteria, thus might serve as antibiotic adjuvants for rescuing currently used antibiotics. In this encyclopaedia, we summarize the metal‐based strategy for combating AMR including both as resistance breakers or metalloantibiotics. Their underlying mechanisms of actions are also included. We also discuss the future perspective, opportunity and challenges in the field.
A Novel Computational Biomechanics Framework to Model Vascular Mechanopropagation in Deep Bone Marrow
Authors: Zhao Yunduo Charles , Zhang Yingqi , Jiang Fengtao , Wu Chi , Wan Boyang , Syeda Ruhma , Li Qing , Shen Bo , Ju Lining Arnold 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe mechanical stimuli generated by body exercise can be transmitted from cortical bone into the deep bone marrow (mechanopropagation). Excitingly, a mechanosensitive perivascular stem cell niche is recently identified within the bone marrow for osteogenesis and lymphopoiesis. Although it is long known that they are maintained by exercise‐induced mechanical stimulation, the mechanopropagation from compact bone to deep bone marrow vasculature remains elusive of this fundamental mechanobiology field. No experimental system is available yet to directly understand such exercise‐induced mechanopropagation at the bone‐vessel interface. To this end, taking advantage of the revolutionary in vivo 3D deep bone imaging, an integrated computational biomechanics framework to quantitatively evaluate the mechanopropagation capabilities for bone marrow arterioles, arteries, and sinusoids is devised. As a highlight, the 3D geometries of blood vessels are smoothly reconstructed in the presence of vessel wall thickness and intravascular pulse pressure. By implementing the 5‐parameter Mooney–Rivlin model that simulates the hyperelastic vessel properties, finite element analysis to thoroughly investigate the mechanical effects of exercise‐induced intravascular vibratory stretching on bone marrow vasculature is performed. In addition, the blood pressure and cortical bone bending effects on vascular mechanoproperties are examined. For the first time, movement‐induced mechanopropagation from the hard cortical bone to the soft vasculature in the bone marrow is numerically simulated. It is concluded that arterioles and arteries are much more efficient in propagating mechanical force than sinusoids due to their stiffness. In the future, this in‐silico approach can be combined with other clinical imaging modalities for subject/patient‐specific vascular reconstruction and biomechanical analysis, providing large‐scale phenotypic data for personalized mechanobiology discovery.
Nonlinear Oscillation States of Optomechanical Resonator for Reconfigurable Light‐Compatible Logic Functions
Authors: Liu Jiawen , Gacemi Djamal , Pantzas Konstantinos , Beaudoin Grégoire , Sagnes Isabelle , Vasanelli Angela , Sirtori Carlo , Todorov Yanko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn optomechanical scheme is reported to implement single devices combining an electromagnetic resonator with a strongly nonlinear nanomechanical oscillator in order to realize light‐controlled logic functions. In this scheme, the nonlinear mechanical oscillations, which can be well controlled by external drives, are revealed to be sensitive to incident light due to light–matter interactions enhanced by the resonator. As a result, one can adjust the initial mechanical configurations to obtain various on‐demand responses to input optical signals, and thus realize reconfigurable logic functions (NOT, XOR, OR, AND). The single optomechanical device reported here is designed to work at the terahertz (THz) frequency domain, which is the first demonstration of a THz‐compatible logic component that processes information encoded in modulated free‐space THz light, with operation rates reaching a few kilohertz. This device also can be integrated into other micro‐electromechanical systems as THz‐compatible actuators. Moreover, the optomechanical scheme proposed in this work is applicable to other frequency ranges, such as radio frequencies (RF) or the infrared.
Achieving High Responsivity of Photoelectrochemical Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors via Oxygen Vacancy Engineering
Authors: Yu Huan , Qu Lihang , Zhang Mingxi , Wang Yunxia , Lou Congqiang , Xu Yi , Cui Mengqi , Shao Zhitao , Liu Xin , Hu PingAn , Feng Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTin oxide (SnO2) is an n‐type wide‐bandgap semiconductor with the merits of superior electron transport properties and good stability, making it an attractive candidate for solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetectors (SBUV PDs). However, it is still challenging to design high‐performance SnO2‐based photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type SBUV PDs. In this study, oxygen vacancies (OVs) engineering is proposed to manipulate the photoresponse of SnO2 nanosheets (NSs) and high‐performance SnO2‐based PEC SBUV PDs are developed. SnO2 NSs with different OVs are prepared by hydrothermal method with annealing process. PEC PDs consisting of SnO2 NSs annealed at 550 °C show record high responsivity and specific detectivity of 269.40 mA W−1 and 2.38 × 1012 Jones at a bias voltage of 0.2 V, respectively, surpassing all aqueous‐type PEC UV PDs. OVs simultaneously accelerate the carrier recombination in the SnO2 NSs and charge transfer at the interface of the SnO2 NSs and electrolyte, indicating that both excess OVs and too few OVs reduce the PEC photoresponse. Therefore, an appropriate OV's content is vital to designing high‐performance SnO2 NSs PEC PDs. Moreover, the SnO2 NSs PEC PDs have good self‐powered capability, excellent wavelength‐selectivity, multicycle and long‐term stability. The results of this study demonstrate that OVs engineering is a powerful strategy for designing high‐performance SnO2‐based PEC PDs.
Broadband Plasmon‐Induced Transparency to a Electromagnetically Induced Absorption Conversion Metastructure Based on Germanium
Authors: Zhu Di‐Di , Lv You , Li Si‐Ying , Zhang Hai‐Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA Germanium (Ge) metastructure with switching features from broadband plasmon‐induced transparency (PIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) is presented, which forms a broadband PIT through the near‐field coupling between the localized plasmon resonance and the Mie resonance employing four gold cut wires as bright plasmon resonators and four C‐shaped dielectric rings as dark plasmon resonators. A wide transparent window above 0.9 is achieved covering from 0.622 to 0.823 THz with a relative bandwidth of 27.8%. In addition, through phase modulation, a magnetic dipole is generated by the constructive interference of the near‐field coupling of the three resonators to realize the PIT to EIA conversion. In addition, a grid‐like metastructure is introduced to realize the PIT to EIA conversion by phase modulation. To enhance the EIA bandwidth, another layer of C‐shaped reflection plate resonator is introduced to increase the dark mode loss, and a layer of frequency selective surface composed of cross‐shaped resonators is also used. Thus under the dual effect, a wide absorption window above 0.75 is achieved covering from 0.647 to 0.756 THz with a relative bandwidth of 15.5%.
Quantum‐Error‐Rejection for Hyperentanglement Transmission without Calibrated Reference Frames
Authors: Zhang Nana , Yuan Tai , Guo Yongrui , Guo Pengliang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn quantum communication, the channel noise and the misalignment of the reference frames between the communication parties will lead to the failure of quantum state transmission. Here an alignment‐free spatial‐polarization hyperentanglement transmission scheme is provided for hyperentangled photons. In this scheme, before the spatial‐polarization hyperentanglement is transmitted through the fiber channel, it is first encoded as a time‐bin entanglement with the same polarization. After the photons pass through the noise channel, the polarization errors caused by reference frames misalignment and channel noise can be corrected by time‐bin entanglement. In principle, by implementing this scheme, the communication parties can share the original hyperentangled state, and the success probability can approach unity. The scheme is robust to random channel noise and reference frames misalignment, and the decoherence effect caused by the misalignment of the reference frames between the communication parties can be completely suppressed by implementing this scheme.
Efficient Population Transfer in a Λ‐Type Quantum System Coupled to a Gold Nanoparticle Using STIRAP Shortcuts
Authors: Domenikou Natalia , Thanopulos Ioannis , Stefanatos Dionisis , Yannopapas Vassilios , Paspalakis Emmanuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA theoretical investigation on the population transfer in a Λ‐type quantum system near a spherical gold nanoparticle under application of two stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) shortcuts and efficiency comparison with conventional STIRAP. It combines the density matrix approach for system dynamics, with classical electromagnetic calculations used to obtain the modified electric field amplitudes of the applied pulses and the Purcell factor of the quantum system due to the presence of the nanoparticle. The efficiency of population transfer is investigated by varying the distance between the quantum system and the nanoparticle, the free‐space decay rate of quantum states, the mutual polarization, and the Rabi frequencies of each STIRAP shortcut pulses. In all cases, at least one of the applied shortcuts is more efficient than conventional STIRAP, while in most cases both perform better. When the pump and Stokes fields of the shortcuts have radial and tangential polarizations with respect to the nanoparticle surface, respectively, high transfer efficiency is obtained for small distances of the quantum system to the nanoparticle, moderate free space decay rates and large Rabi frequencies of the fields, while when the pulse polarizations are interchanged, the transfer becomes highly efficient only at large distances.
Oxygen‐Bridged Indium‐Nickel Atomic Pair as Dual‐Metal Active Sites Enabling Synergistic Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Fan Zhaozhong , Luo Ruichun , Zhang Yanxue , Zhang Bo , Zhai Panlong , Zhang Yanting , Wang Chen , Gao Junfeng , Zhou Wu , Sun Licheng , Hou Jungang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts offer a promising pathway for electrochemical CO2 conversion. However, it is still a challenge to optimize the electrochemical performance of dual‐atom catalysts. Here, an atomic indium‐nickel dual‐sites catalyst bridged by an axial oxygen atom (O‐In‐N6‐Ni moiety) was anchored on nitrogenated carbon (InNi DS/NC). InNi DS/NC exhibits superior CO selectivity with Faradaic efficiency higher than 90 % over a wide potential range from −0.5 to −0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE). Moreover, an industrial CO partial current density up to 317.2 mA cm−2 is achieved at −1.0 V vs. RHE in a flow cell. In situ ATR‐SEIRAS combined with theory calculations reveal that the synergistic effect of In‐Ni dual‐sites and O atom bridge not only reduces the reaction barrier for the formation of *COOH, but also retards the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction. This work provides a feasible strategy to construct dual‐site catalysts towards energy conversion.
C3‐Cyanation of Pyridines: Constraints on Electrophiles and Determinants of Regioselectivity
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhou Qingyang , Luo Heng , Tang Zi‐Lu , Xu Xiufang , Wang Xiao‐Chen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMethods for C−H cyanation of pyridines are rare. Here, we report a method for C3‐selective cyanation of pyridines by a tandem process with the reaction of an in situ generated dihydropyridine with a cyano electrophile as the key step. The method is suitable for late‐stage functionalization of pyridine drugs. The low reduction potential of the electrophile and effective transfer of the nitrile group were found to be essential for the success of this method. We studied the reaction mechanism in detail by means of control experiments and theoretical calculations and found that a combination of electronic and steric factors determined the regioselectivity of reactions involving C2‐substituted pyridines.
Confining the Sol‐Gel Reaction at the Water/Oil Interface: Creating Compartmentalized Enzymatic Nano‐Organelles for Artificial Cells
Authors: Gonçalves Jenifer Pendiuk , Promlok Duangkamol , Ivanov Tsvetomir , Tao Shijia , Rheinberger Timo , Jo Seong‐Min , Yu Yingjie , Graf Robert , Wagner Manfred , Crespy Daniel , Wurm Frederik R. , Caire da Silva Lucas , Jiang Shuai , Landfester Katharina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLiving organisms compartmentalize their catalytic reactions in membranes for increased efficiency and selectivity. To mimic the organelles of eukaryotic cells, we develop a mild approach for in situ encapsulating enzymes in aqueous‐core silica nanocapsules. In order to confine the sol‐gel reaction at the water/oil interface of miniemulsion, we introduce an aminosilane to the silica precursors, which serves as both catalyst and an amphiphilic anchor that electrostatically assembles with negatively charged hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes at the interface. The semi‐permeable shell protects enzymes from proteolytic attack, and allows the transport of reactants and products. The enzyme‐carrying nanocapsules, as synthetic nano‐organelles, are able to perform cascade reactions when enveloped in a polymer vesicle, mimicking the hierarchically compartmentalized reactions in eukaryotic cells. This in situ encapsulation approach provides a versatile platform for the delivery of biomacromolecules.
Thermally Activated Delayed Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence from Functionalized Lead‐Free Nanocrystals
Authors: He Shan , Du Jun , Liang Wenfei , Zhang Boyu , Liang Guijie , Wu Kaifeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs an analogue to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) of organic molecules, thermally activated delayed photoluminescence (TADPL) observed in molecule‐functionalized semiconductor nanocrystals represents an exotic mechanism to harvest energy from dark molecular triplets and to obtain controllable, long‐lived PL from nanocrystals. The reported TADPL systems have successfully covered the visible spectrum. However, TADF molecules already emit very efficiently in the visible, diminishing the technological impact of the less‐efficient nanocrystal‐molecule TADPL. Here we report bright, near‐infrared TADPL in lead‐free CuInSe2nanocrystals functionalized with carboxylated tetracene ligands, which results from efficient triplet energy transfer from photoexcited nanocrystals to ligands, followed with thermally activated reverse energy transfer from ligand triplets back to nanocrystals. This strategy prolonged the nanocrystal exciton lifetime from 100 ns to 60 μs at room temperature.