bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between thermodilution and Fick methods for resting and exercise‐induced cardiac output measurement in patients with chronic dyspnea
Authors: Desole Susanna , Obst Anne , Habedank Dirk , Opitz Christian F. , Knaack Christine , Hortien Franziska , Heine Alexander , Stubbe Beate , Ewert Ralf 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies comparing thermodilution (TD) and the direct Fick method (dFM) for cardiac output (CO) measurement are rare. We compared CO measurements between TD (2–5 cold water injections), the dFM, and indirect Fick method (iFM) at rest and during exercise, and assessed the effect of averaging different numbers of TD measurements during exercise. This retrospective study included 300 patients (52.3% women, mean age 66 ± 11 years) having pulmonary hypertension (76.0%) or unexplained dyspnea. Invasive hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters were measured at rest (supine; n = 300) and during unloaded cycling (semi‐supine; n = 275) and 25‐W exercise (semi‐supine; n = 240). All three methods showed significant differences in CO measurement (ΔCO) at rest (p ≤ 0.001; ΔCO > 1 L/min: 45.0% [iFM vs. dFM], 42.0% [iFM vs. TD], and 45.7% [TD vs. dFM]). ΔCO (TD vs. dFM) was significant during unloaded cycling (p < 0.001; ΔCO > 1 L/min: 56.6%) but not during 25‐W exercise (p = 0.137; ΔCO > 1 L/min: 52.8%). ΔCO (TD vs. dFM) during 25‐W exercise was significant when using one or two (p ≤ 0.01) but not three (p = 0.06) TD measurements. Mean ΔCO (TD [≥3 measurements] vs. dFM) was −0.43 ± 1.98 and −0.06 ± 2.29 L/min during unloaded and 25‐W exercise, respectively. Thus, TD and dFM CO measurements are comparable during 25‐W exercise (averaging ≥3 TD measurements), but not during unloaded cycling or at rest. Individual ΔCOs vary substantially and require critical interpretation to avoid CO misclassification.
Ecofriendly Active Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Agarose/D‐glucose/Piper Betle Linn. Leaf Extract Films as Potential Packaging Materials
Authors: Nguyen Thuong Thi , Kim Sang Hoon , Bui Quynh Thi Phuong , Thuc C. N. Ha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed at developing ecofriendly active films from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), agarose, D‐glucose and Piper betle Linn. leaf extract (PBLLE) using a solution casting method. Agarose, D‐glucose and PBLLE have been found to exhibit excellent compatibility with the PVA‐matrix and thus support desired changes in the film characteristics. The co‐addition of agarose and D‐glucose to PVA gave rise to water‐resistance as well as flexibility of the PVA‐based films. The incorporation of PBLLE imparted active functions to the PVA/agarose/D‐glucose film, such as the ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and strong antibacterial activity against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Moreover, significant improvement in both mechanical strength and flexibility of the PVA/agarose/D‐glucose films was obtained upon the addition of a sufficient amount of PBLLE. A PBLLE/PVA ratio of 1.5 was found to promote a more than 1.5‐fold increase of the elongation at break. Increasing PBLLE content in the films enhanced the UV absorption in the 300–450 nm range. Characterization results show that the PVA/agarose/D‐glucose/PBLLE films possess interesting properties for UV‐protective and active packaging applications.
Antileishmanial and Anti‐Chikungunya Activity of Cu(I)‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Fontes Josielle V. , Santos Igor A. , Rosa Letícia B. , Lima Rochanna L. A. , Jardim Ana C. G. , Miguel Danilo C. , Abbehausen Camilla 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeglected tropical diseases such as Leishmaniasis and Chikungunya fever are worldwide public health challenges mainly affecting tropical and subtropical countries. One cationic [Cu(I)(NHC)2]+ (4) and two neutral [Cu(I)(NHC)Cl] complexes, where NHC=1,3‐bis(mesityl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene (IMes) (5) or 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene (IPr) (6), had their in vitro activity evaluated towards Leishmania amazonensis and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The compound (6) inhibited 95 % of L. amazonensis infection in RAW macrophages at 10 μM and 90 % of the CHIKV replication at 2 μM in BHK‐21 cells. Otherwise, the other compounds showed higher cytotoxicity in BHK‐21 and RAW or lower antiparasitic or antiviral activities. The best activity of compound 6 can be explained by slower ligand exchange with solvent molecules measured by 1H NMR technique and the best hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (log P=−0.684±0.055) in the series determined by shake flask method. Antioxidant activity measured by reduction of DPPH revealed a moderate redox ability of all complexes. The binding constant of (6) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) represents the weakest in the series (103). The chemical and in vitro evaluation reported here represent a novel application and chemical insights for the design of [Cu(I)(NHC)L] metallodrugs for these infectious diseases.
Typification of Linnaean names in the Grewioideae (Malvaceae)
Authors: Dorr Laurence J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTypes are designated for five species of Grewioideae (Malvaceae) described by Linnaeus. These include three lectotypes and one neotype of names of Corchorus species and one lectotype of the name of a Triumfetta species. Three of the lectotypes are illustrations and one is a specimen in Linnaeus's herbarium. In addition, an epitype for T. lappula is designated to facilitate the interpretation of the lectotype specimen, which lacks flowers that are diagnostic for the unambiguous application of the name.
An objective study into the effects of an incline on naturally occurring lameness in horses
Authors: Bailey James , Redpath Adam , Hallowell Gayle , Bowen Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical examination of lame horses in real world settings often requires the use of sloped surfaces.ObjectivesThis pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of uphill and downhill locomotion on asymmetry in horses with naturally occurring lameness affecting forelimbs and hindlimbs.MethodsTen horses (8–19 years) with forelimb lameness and eight horses (7–16 years) with hindlimb lameness were fitted with inertial sensors at the poll, withers, sacrum and both tuber coxae. Data were collected whilst the horses were trotted in hand on a level surface (<0.7%), as well as up and down a minor slope of 2.4%. Data were collected for a minimum of 25 strides at each incline type. Effect of incline was compared using a repeated measures ANOVA and, where significant, a subsequent Bonferroni's multiple comparisons.ResultsOf the horses with hindlimb lameness, there were reductions in asymmetry seen during downhill locomotion when compared with trotting on the flat (flat: 6.6 ± 4.4 mm to downhill: 1.9 ± 2.9 mm; p = 0.015) and when compared with uphill locomotion (8.4 ± 4.3 mm; p = 0.007). Horses with forelimb lameness showed no significant difference in asymmetry. However, there were considerable changes in poll asymmetry (>20 mm) among conditions in individual horses. Two horses with hindlimb lameness and two horses with forelimb lameness switched asymmetry between left and right by changing incline.ConclusionsThese results confirm that incline can be an influential factor in the assessment of lame horses. Further work is justified to elucidate the types of pathology associated with the most relevant changes in asymmetry which would allow the use of an incline to prioritise a list of differential diagnoses.
Metastatic mammary tubulopapillary carcinoma in a captive black jaguar (Panthera onca)
Authors: Bastos Lopes Carlos Eduardo , Reis Ana Carolina , dos Santos Carneiro Lacerda Maira , Coelho Lopes Marcelo , Oliveira dos Santos Daniel , Vilardo Lóes Moreira Matheus , Dantas Cassali Geovani , Ferreira Enio , Ecco Roselene 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 12‐year‐old female captive jaguar (Panthera onca) developed sudden severe respiratory distress and died close to the onset of clinical signs. The animal underwent mastectomy to remove neoplasms in the mammary glands 2 years prior to death. During the post‐mortem examination, multiple nodules were found in the remaining left inguinal mammary glands. Similar lesions were found in other organs. Microscopically, neoplasms were characterised by a tubulopapillary pattern with papillary projections into the central lumen of newly formed tubules (tubulopapillary mammary carcinoma). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and high molecular weight cytokeratin on the mammary tissue site and a metastatic site was performed with positive results. IHC for Ki‐67 was performed in the mammary lesion with positive labelling in 50% of the cells. In captive felids, malignant neoplasms may be aggressive with limited therapeutic options. Thus, attention is needed in anticipating arising tumours to support the use of control therapies and the long‐term preservation of captive jaguars.
Science‐statealliances and climate engineering: A ‘longue durée’ picture
Authors: Schubert Julia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince the early 2000s, proposals to deliberately modify the Earth's climate have gained political traction as a controversial last resort measure against dangerous global warming. The article provides a ‘longue durée’ picture of such climate engineering proposals. It traces their historical trajectory from the late 1950s to their most recent arrival on mainstream climate policy agendas. This perspective suggests that the history of climate engineering unfolds not only along historically specific modes of understanding climatic change. It also corresponds to changing alliances between climate science and the state. By bringing together historical scholarship with contributions from sociology and science policy studies, the article sheds new light on the rise of climate engineering proposals. It recontextualizes these proposals within the bigger history of the political cultivation of climate science. This perspective highlights how deeply entwined efforts to understand and efforts to govern climatic change have always been.This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and KnowledgeThe Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate KnowledgeThe Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Alternative splicing: An efficient regulatory approach towards plant developmental plasticity
Authors: Muhammad Sajid , Xu Xiaoli , Zhou Weijun , Wu Liang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is a gene regulatory mechanism that plants adapt to modulate gene expression (GE) in multiple ways. AS generates alternative isoforms of the same gene following various development and environmental stimuli, increasing transcriptome plasticity and proteome complexity. AS controls the expression levels of certain genes and regulates GE networks that shape plant adaptations through nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD). This review intends to discuss AS modulation, from interaction with noncoding RNAs to the established roles of splicing factors (SFs) in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. We aim to gather such studies that highlight the magnitude and impact of AS, which are not always clear from individual articles, when AS is increasing in individual genes and at a global level. This work also anticipates making plant researchers know that AS is likely to occur in their investigations and that dynamic changes in AS and their effects must be frequently considered. We also review our understanding of AS‐mediated posttranscriptional modulation of plant stress tolerance and discuss its potential application in crop improvement in the future.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA‐Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation
Antimicrobial Biosurfactants Towards the Inhibition of Biofilm Formation
Authors: Anjos Inês , Bettencourt Ana F. , Ribeiro Isabel A. C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNowadays, infections associated with urinary tract medical devices, have become a common health issue. The fact that their surfaces are prone to microbial colonization and biofilm formation is certainly a problem. As a result, these medical devices usage can be a source of extreme concern, especially for critically ill patients. Urinary tract related infections are among the most frequent HAIs comprising 27% in Europe and 36–40% in the USA. Among multiple strategies to fight those infections, biosurfactants as glycolipids can be a valuable tool for biofilm inhibition or disruption. In particularly, multiple in vitro studies concerning sophorolipids and rhamnolipids confirms the antimicrobial activity of those compounds. Further, sophorolipids or rhamnolipids potential role to prevent biofilm associated infections, using different surfaces like medical grade silicone as an example of common material used in catheters and stents fabrication, shows the capacity of those biosurfactants in reducing the adhesion and biofilm formation. Overall, sophorolipids and rhamnolipids due to their multiple antimicrobial/anti-adhesive effects might be an interesting approach to fight urinary tract medical devices associated infections.
Learning from Our Mistakes: Applying Vascular Stent Technologies to the Urinary Tract
Authors: Yachia Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to clarify certain points which are confusing many if not most of our urologist colleagues on the subject of “stents and stenting the urinary tract”. Another point of confusion in urology is the term of “chronic obstruction” describing an obstruction necessitating long-term stenting. Which stent to use? For how long? Before using a permanent stent along the urinary tract we should think hard about what may happen to a ureter or urethra implanted with a permanent metallic mesh stent. This is especially important when something goes wrong like when the stent lumen becomes obliterated by hyperplastic or malignant tissues, the stent wires fracture, or tissue coverage over the stent wires is incomplete and the resulting stone formation on the wires, ureteral or urethral perforations etc. By adopting the vascular stent technologies in urinary tract design stents, we were hoping that taking a single stent shape, changing its length and caliber they could be used all along the urinary tract. Then asking ourselves, why the results were less than what we were expecting. Here I would like to quote a sentence attributed to Albert Einstein: “Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results”.
Designing Online Learning Communities
Authors: Cleveland-Innes M. , Hawryluk J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigher education course design is moving increasingly toward constructivist, collaborative approaches for higher-order learning. A community-based approach to learning fits both this type of pedagogy and preferred learning outcomes related to critical thinking and metacognition. This is particularly necessary when moving such learning online, and the need for a community is even more important for engagement and motivation than in-person learning, where community and connection is often created organically. Online learning communities can be effectively created using the community of inquiry theoretical framework, as it intentionally makes space for learners to express their teaching, social, and cognitive presences. To support the design of effective online learning experiences, how each presence fits into the constructivist and inquiry-based approaches is explained in this chapter. As well, applications are suggested. Finally, assessment approaches are provided that are in line with the tenets of constructivism, inquiry-based learning, and hence the community of inquiry.
Goldstino condensation?
Authors: Kallosh Renata , Linde Andrei , Wrase Timm , Yamada Yusuke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It was argued in [1] that the Volkov-Akulov (VA) model as well as similar models in supergravity and the related KKLT model in string theory, suffer from tachyonic instabilities due to goldstino condensation. The authors of [1] constructed a specific model with two unconstrained interacting chiral superfields with linearly realized supersymmetry which has an unstable vacuum. They claimed that this model becomes equivalent to the VA model in the UV limit. We show that the UV limit of their model is discontinuous, and the vacuum instability of the model proposed in [1] is not relevant to the VA model, to related models in supergravity, and to the KKLT construction.
Bounding violations of the weak gravity conjecture
Authors: Henriksson J. , McPeak B. , Russo F. , Vichi A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The black hole weak gravity conjecture (WGC) is a set of linear inequalities on the four-derivative corrections to Einstein-Maxwell theory. Remarkably, in four dimensions, these combinations appear in the 2 → 2 photon amplitudes, leading to the hope that the conjecture might be supported using dispersion relations. However, the presence of a pole arising in the forward limit due to graviton exchange greatly complicates the use of such arguments. In this paper, we apply recently developed numerical techniques to handle the graviton pole, and we find that standard dispersive arguments are not strong enough to imply the black hole WGC. Specifically, under a fairly typical set of assumptions, including weak coupling of the EFT and Regge boundedness, a small violation of the black hole WGC is consistent with unitarity and causality. We quantify the size of this violation, which vanishes in the limit where gravity decouples and also depends logarithmically on an infrared cutoff. We discuss the meaning of these bounds in various scenarios. We also implement a method for bounding amplitudes without manifestly positive spectral densities, which could be applied to any system of non-identical states, and we use it to improve bounds on the EFT of pure photons in absence of gravity.
“Flexible nature of fixation” in syndesmotic stabilization of the inferior tibiofibular joint affects the radiological reduction outcome
Authors: Hennings Robert , Fuchs Carolin , Spiegl Ulrich J. , Theopold Jan , Souleiman Firas , Kleber Christian , Ahrberg Annette B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Fibular mobility after suture button stabilization (SBS) of inferior tibiofibular joint (syndesmosis) injuries has been described. This effect is called the “flexible nature of fixation (FNF).” In this study, we aimed to quantify FNF in syndesmotic stabilization.

Methods
Postoperative bilateral computed tomography (CT) of ankle fractures with syndesmosis stabilization by SBS or syndesmotic screw (SYS) was retrospectively analyzed. The transverse offset (TO) and vertical offset (VO) were defined by evaluating the drill channels. The reduction outcome was evaluated by the side-to-side difference between the clear space and the anterior tibiofibular distance (antTFD). The calculated anterior tibiofibular distance (cal-antTFD) was calculated by subtracting the TO from the validated antTFD. Subsequently, a reevaluation of the reduction outcomes after SYS or SBS stabilization was performed using cal-antTFD.

Results
Sixty patients (44 with SBS and 16 with SYS stabilization) were analyzed. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities for TO and VO were excellent (α > 0.92). SYS stabilization showed lower mean TO (− 0.02 mm; SD 0.14) and VO (0.11 mm; SD, 0.29 mm) than SBS stabilization (TO 1.16 mm, SD 1.4 mm; VO 0.2 mm, SD 0.8 mm; p = 0.001). The rate of malreduction according to cal-antTFD was higher than that of antFTD (p = 0.033).

Conclusion
The presented method, which evaluates the position of the tibial to the fibular drill channel, allowed the quantification of the “FNF.” The often described difference in the dynamic stabilization of SBS compared to the rigid stabilization by SYS could be objectified. Considering cal-antTFD illustrates that FNF potentially reduces the rate of malreduction in SBS stabilization.
Impacts of the PMIP4 ice sheets on Northern Hemisphere climate during the last glacial period
Authors: Izumi Kenji , Valdes Paul , Ivanovic Ruza , Gregoire Lauren 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study comprehensively investigates the impacts on the mean state of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate, particularly atmospheric circulation over the Northern Hemisphere associated with the different Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 4 (PMIP4) ice sheets, ICE-6G_C, GLAC-1D, and PMIP3, using the coupled atmosphere–ocean–vegetation model HadCM3B-M2.1aD. The simulation with PMIP3 ice sheets is colder than either of the two PMIP4 ice sheets mainly because of the larger area of land ice impacting surface albedo. However, changes in the circulation impact sea ice cover resulting in the GLAC-1D simulation being almost as cold. Although the PMIP4 ice sheets also induce different responses in the atmospheric circulation, some common features are identified in all simulations, including strengthening and lateral expansion of the winter upper-level North Atlantic jet with a large southwest-northeast tilt and summertime North Pacific jet, a southward shift of the wintertime Icelandic Low and Azores High and the summertime Pacific High. Compared to terrestrial-ocean reconstructions, all the PMIP4 ice sheet experiments overestimate the LGM cooling and wet conditions. The simulation with the ICE-6G_C ice sheet provides the closest reproduction of LGM climate, while the simulation with the PMIP3 ice sheet shows the coldest LGM climate state. Our study shows that in order to "benchmark" the ability of climate models to realistically simulate the LGM climate, we need to have reliable boundary conditions to ensure that any model biases are caused by model limitations rather than uncertainty about the LGM boundary conditions.
Limited impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer care in the Netherlands in 2020
Authors: Meijer Joyce , Elferink Marloes A. G. , Vink Geraldine R. , Sijtsma Femke P. C. , Buijsen Jeroen , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Tanis Pieter J. , Wumkes Miriam L. , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. , Siesling Sabine ,   On behalf of the COVID and Cancer-NL Consortium
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the health services worldwide. We aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on colorectal cancer (CRC) care in the Netherlands in 2020.

Methods
CRC patients, diagnosed in 2018–2020 in the Netherlands, were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). The year 2020 was divided in four periods reflecting COVID-19 developments in the Netherlands (pre-COVID, 1st peak, recovery period, 2nd peak) and compared with the same periods in 2018/2019. Patient characteristics and treatment were compared using the Chi-squared test. Median time between diagnosis and treatment, and between (neo)adjuvant therapy and surgery were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results
In total, 38,021 CRC patients were diagnosed in 2018/2019 (n = 26,816) and 2020 (n = 11,205). Median time between diagnosis and initial treatment decreased on average 4 days and median time between neoadjuvant radiotherapy and surgery in clinical stage II or III rectal cancer patients increased on average 34 days during the three COVID-19 periods compared to the same periods of 2018/2019. The proportion of colon cancer patients that underwent elective surgery significantly decreased with 3.0% during the 1st peak. No differences were found in the proportion of patients who received (neo)adjuvant therapy, systemic therapy, or no anti-cancer treatment.

Conclusion
Only minor changes in the care for CRC patients occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, mostly during the 1st peak. In conclusion, the impact on CRC care in the Netherlands was found to be limited. However, long-term effects cannot be precluded.