bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two- and three-photon processes in photoinitiators for 3D laser printing
Authors: Mauri Anna , Kiefer Pascal , Neidinger Philipp , Messer Tobias , Bojanowski N. Maximilian , Yang Liang , Walden Sarah , Unterreiner Andreas-Neil , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Wegener Martin , Wenzel Wolfgang , Kozlowska Mariana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The performance of a photoinitiator is key to control efficiency and resolution in 3D laser nanoprinting. Upon light absorption, a cascade of competing excited states and photoreactions leads to the radical formation that initiates free radical polymerization. Here we investigate 7-diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC), one of the most efficient photoinitiators for two-photon polymerization (TPP). Depending on the presence of a co-initiator, DETC causes radical generation either with two-photon or with a unique three-photon excitation, but the mechanism for these processes is not well understood. Here we show that the unique three-photon based radical formation of DETC in the absence of a co-initiator results from the excitation of special highly excited triplet states followed by multiple bond scission possibilities generating radicals. In contrast, photoinitiation in the presence of a co-initiator proceeds via intermolecular electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer after the photosensitization of the photoinitiator to the lowest triplet excited state. Our quantum mechanical calculations explain the different pathways for the multiphoton activation mechanism of DETC and its radical formation, which enables the rational design of efficient photoinitiators to increase the speed and sensitivity of 3D laser nanoprinting.
An R-based tool for identifying sex-linked markers from Restriction site-Associated DNA sequencing with applications to elasmobranch conservation
Authors: Devloo-Delva Floriaan , Gosselin Thierry , Butcher Paul A. , Grewe Peter M. , Huverneers Charlie , Thomson Robin B. , Werry Jonathan M. , Feutry Pierre 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Identifying sex-linked markers from genomic data has both theoretical and applied importance, especially in conservation. Yet, few methods and tools exist to detect such markers from Restriction-site-Associated DNA sequencing reads and even fewer tools can identify sex-linked markers from existing genotyped data. Here, we describe a new R function that can identify sex-linked markers in species with morphologically distinct sex chromosomes. We test the accuracy and speed of our function with an example dataset from a species of conservation concern, the White Shark, Carcharodon carcharias. We further compare our method against other approaches and find that our method detects more sex-linked markers that can be reliably mapped to reference genomes. Overall, we provide a conservation and fisheries-relevant tool that can reliably and efficiently assign sex from genetic data in species with a heterogametic sex and we demonstrate its utility by developing a sex-identification PCR test for White Sharks.
Prevalence, patterns of multimorbidity and associations with health care utilization among middle-aged and older people in China
Authors: Zhong Yaqin , Qin Gang , Xi Hanqing , Cai Duanying , Wang Yanan , Wang Tiantian , Gao Yuexia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Multimorbidity has become one of the main challenges in health care system. The association between prevalence, patterns of multimorbidity and health care utilization is less often discussed in China. The purpose of this study is to examine this association among Chinese middle-aged and older adults and take in account several sociodemographic characteristics.Methods: This study consists of 19559 individuals aged 45 and older from the wave 4 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018. Multimorbidity was defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic medical condition of a list of fourteen chronic diseases in one person. Health care utilization include whether the individuals received outpatient service last month and inpatient service in the past year. LCA (Latent Class Analysis) was conducted to identify the clustering pattern of chronic diseases. Logistic regressions were employed to explore the association between prevalence, patterns of multimorbidity and health care utilization. Analyses were weighted using individual sample weights, adjusted for non-response of individual and household.Results: Among all participants, 23.10% were aged above 70 years and 52.42% were female. The mean number of chronic disease was 2.17 and the prevalence of multimorbidity was 56.73%. Four patterns were identified: relatively healthy class, respiratory class, stomach-arthritis class and vascular class. Multimorbid individuals used more outpatient services (OR=1.87, 95%CI=1.63-2.14) and more inpatient services (OR=2.50, 95%CI=2.20-2.83) compared to their no-multimorbid counterparts. The individuals classified into respiratory class, stomach-arthritis class and vascular class used more health service.Conclusions: Our study provided evidence that multimorbidity is high among Chinese older adults and is associated substantially higher health care utilization in China. Policy should prioritize improving the management of individuals with multimorbidity to increase healthcare efficiency. Further research is necessary with special emphasis on the trajectory of multimorbidity and the role of health system in satisfying needs of multimorbid individuals.
Depth of Anisotropy beneath the western extremity of the Himalayan- Karakoram-Tibetan Orogeny and its tectonic implication
Authors: Paul Arpita , Hazarika Devajit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Estimation of the depth of anisotropy for source localization beneath the western extremity of the Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet (HKT) orogeny is a key issue for interpreting the geodynamics of the region. The present study investigated the central depth of mantle anisotropy through the well-established spatial coherency method. The study reveals that the central depth of anisotropy in the Trans-Himalaya and western part of the Tibetan plateau is ~ 130 km coinciding with the lithospheric mantle. The lithospheric scale Karakoram strike-slip fault largely influences anisotropy direction parallel or subparallel to the strike of the fault and also helps in the eastward extrusion of the Indian plate. The estimated central depth of anisotropy is ~ 230 km in the western Himalayan collision zone that coincides with the asthenospheric mantle. The shearing of Indian lithosphere over asthenosphere causes lattice preferred orientation of the mantle anisotropic minerals causing the anisotropic direction to roughly parallel to the absolute plate motion direction. This study also supports the underplating of the Indian lithospheric mantle beneath the Tibetan plateau.
Antimicrobial therapy as a risk factor of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Mihalov Peter , Koščálová Alena , Hodosy Július , Čaprnda Martin , Bendžala Matej , Kachlíková Mária , Jurenka Ján , Sabaka Peter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter (MDR-Ab) is one of the most important pathogens causing superinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit (ICU). The occurrence of MDR-Ab superinfection significantly impairs the prognosis of patients in the ICU. Overuse of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients might contribute to the risk of developing MDR-Ab infection.
Objective
The objective was to assess the role of prior antibiotic exposure as an independent predictor of MDR-Ab infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective case-control study in 90 patients admitted to the ICU of the Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, University Hospital in Bratislava, for respiratory failure due to COVID-19 between 1 September 2021 and 31 January 2022 (delta variant predominance). All admitted patients underwent regular microbial screening and superinfection was defined as infection occurring ≥ 48 h after admission. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, we explored the role of prior antibiotic intake and other factors as independent predictors of MDR-Ab isolation.
Results
Fifty-eight male and 32 female patients were included in the analysis. Multidrug resistant bacteria were cultured in 43 patients (47.8%) and MDR-Ab was isolated in 37 patients. Thirty-three (36.7%) patients had superinfection caused by MDR-Ab. Fifty-four (60%) patients were exposed to antibiotics prior to MDR-Ab isolation; of those, 35 (64.8%) patients received ceftriaxone. Prior exposure to ceftriaxone (odds ratio [OR] 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–11.9, P < 0.05), tocilizumab therapy (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3–15.0, P < 0.05) and ICU length of stay exceeding 11 days (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.3–10.3, P< 0.05) were independent predictors of MDR-Ab infection.
Conclusions
Prior exposure to ceftriaxone increases the risk of MDR-Ab infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Our findings suggest that antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU should be restricted to patients with documented bacterial superinfection.
Clinical phenotypes and outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron, sublineages BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 and impact of mutational patterns in critically ill French patients with COVID-19
Authors: de Prost Nicolas , Audureau Etienne , Heming Nicholas , Gault Elyanne , Pham Tai , Chaghouri Amal , de Montmollin Nina , Voiriot Guillaume , Morand-Joubert Laurence , Joseph Adrien , Chaix Marie-Laure , Préau Sébastien , Favory Raphaël , Guigon Aurélie , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Burrel Sonia , Mayaux Julien , Marot Stéphane , Roux Damien , Descamps Diane , Meireles Sylvie , Pène Frédéric , Rozenberg Flore , Contou Damien , Henry Amandine , Gaudry Stephane , Brichler Segolene , Timsit Jean-François , Kimmoun Antoine , Hartard Cédric , Louise-Marie Jandeaux , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Gabarre Paul , Emery Malo , Garcia-Sanchez Claudio , Jochmans Sébastien , Pitsch Aurélia , Rodriguez Christophe , Annane Djillali , Azoulay Elie , Mekontso-Dessap Armand , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Fourati Slim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron is considered to be less severe than infection with variant Delta, with a rarer occurrence of severe disease requiring intensive care. However, a substantial number of patients infected with variant Omicron still experienced severe COVID-19. Little information is available on comorbid factors, clinical conditions and specific viral mutational patterns associated with the severity of variant Omicron infection. In this multicenter prospective cohort study, patients consecutively admitted for severe COVID-19 in 20 participating intensive care units in France between December 7th 2021 and May 1st 2022 were included. Among 259 patients for whom SARS-CoV-2 variant lineage was determined, we show that the clinical phenotype of patients infected with variant Omicron (n = 148) was different from that in those infected with variant Delta (n = 111). We observed no significant relationship between Delta and Omicron variant lineages/sublineages and 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.68 [0.35–1.32]; p = 0.253). Among Omicron-infected patients, 43.2% were immunocompromised, most of whom had received two doses of vaccine or more (85.9%) but displayed a poor humoral response to vaccination (mean difference in serum anti-spike IgG antibody titers between vaccinated and non-vaccinated immunocompromised patients: 1078 BAU/mL [-319.4; 2475.0]; p = 0.160). The mortality rate of immunocompromised patients infected with variant Omicron was significantly higher than that of non-immunocompromised patients (46.9% vs 26.2%; p = 0.009). In patients infected with variant Omicron, there was no association between specific sublineages (BA.1/BA.1.1 (n = 109) and BA.2 (n = 21)) or any viral genome polymorphisms or mutational profile and the 28-day mortality.
WITHDRAWN: Mathematical modeling of homogeneous combustion processes in small spaces
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
While flame propagation at the micro-scale is feasible, the interplay of kinetics and transport in flame stability and combustion characteristics is poorly understood. The inability of conducting spatially resolved measurements, inherent to the micro-scale, underscores the need for detailed mathematical modeling. This study relates to the mathematical modeling of homogeneous combustion processes in small spaces. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted to gain insights into burner performance such as temperatures, reaction rates, and flames. The factors affecting combustion characteristics are determined for the cavity-stabilized burner. A dimensionless number analysis is performed to better understand the heat transfer characteristics of the burner. Particular focus is placed on determining essential factors that affect the performance of the cavity-stabilized burner. The results indicate that the near-entrance heat loss and radical quenching at the wall are key issues in controlling flame propagation in microchannels. In very small spaces, radial gradients and temperature discontinuity at the wall are negligible but become significant as the length scale is increased. Large transverse and axial gradients are observed even at these small scales under certain conditions. It is necessary to overcome both thermal quenching and chemical quenching of the flame. Thermal quenching is the loss of energy generated by combustion through heat transfer out of the combustion region. Chemical quenching is a barrier to combustion at millimetric dimensions. Chemical quenching occurs when the reactive species is removed by reaction with the material forming the wall surfaces. The wall thermal conductivity and inlet velocity are vital in determining the flame stability of the burner. Further improvement in flame stability can be achieved by using anisotropic walls. Fast flows can cause blowout and slow flows can cause extinction. There exists an optimum inlet velocity for greatest flame stability.
Experimentally realized memristive memory augmented neural network
Authors: Mao Ruibin , Wen Bo , Kazemi Arman , Zhao Yahui , Laguna Ann Franchesca , Lin Rui , Wong Ngai , Niemier Michael , Hu Xiaobo , Sheng Xia , Graves Catherine , Strachan John Paul , Li Can 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lifelong on-device learning is a key challenge for machine intelligence, and this requires learning from few, often single, samples. Memory augmented neural network has been proposed to achieve the goal, but the memory module has to be stored in an off-chip memory due to its size. Therefore its practical use has been heavily limited. Previous works on emerging memory-based implementation had difficulties in scaling up because different modules with various structures were difficult to integrate on the same chip and the small sense margin of the content addressable memory for the memory module heavily limited the degree of mismatch calculation. In this work, we experimentally validated that all those different structures in the memory augmented neural network architecture can be implemented in a fully integrated memristive crossbar platform and achieve an accuracy that closely matches standard software on digital hardware for the Omniglot dataset. The successful demonstration is supported by implementing new functions in crossbars in addition to widely reported matrix multiplications. For example, the locality-sensitive hashing operation is implemented in crossbar arrays by exploiting the intrinsic stochasticity of memristor devices. Besides, the content-addressable memory module is realized in crossbars, which also supports the degree of mismatches. Simulations based on experimentally validated models show such an implementation can be efficiently scaled up for one-shot learning on the Mini-ImageNet dataset. The successful demonstration paves the way for practical on-device lifelong learning and opens possibilities for novel attention-based algorithms not possible in conventional hardware.
WITHDRAWN: Atomistic study of the effects of different structure factors on the heat conduction properties of nanostructured carbon materials
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Computational simulations were carried out using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics to investigate the effects of grain dimensions and edge states on the thermal properties of graphene ribbons so as to understand the heat transport phenomena occurring within nanostructured carbon materials. Particular focus was placed on the physical factors limiting heat conduction in nanostructured carbon materials. The mechanism of phonon transport in nanostructured carbon materials was discussed. The results indicated that low-dimensional nanostructures, such as graphene ribbons, are predicted to have novel transport properties. The structure factors are very important as they determine the heat conduction properties of nanostructured carbon materials. Rough edges can lead to thermal performance degradation due to the increased probability of phonon scattering from grain boundaries. Nanoscale porosity decreases the permittivity of amorphous dielectrics but porosity also strongly decreases the thermal conductivity. Nanostructured carbon materials must be of sufficient size to reduce the probability of phonon-boundary scattering and enhance their phonon transport properties. Hydrogen termination will lead to a significant decrease in the thermal conductivity of nanostructured carbon materials. The results are of significance in the applied physics of thermal transport at the nanoscale.
Improved Single-Channel Blind Source Separation Algorithm based on Variational Mode Decomposition
Authors: Zhou Yufei , Fu Weihong , Shi Fan , Zhang Xuecheng , Zheng Xin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an improved single-channel blind source separation (SCBSS) algorithm based on variational modal decomposition (VMD). VMD algorithm is a classical algorithm in SCBSS. The algorithm effectively avoids the end effect and mode mixing, and makes the decomposition more stable. However, the algorithm can not adaptively determine the number of decomposition layers. To solve this problem, we propose an improved adaptive VMD algorithm, which determines the decomposition layer of different signals by setting different spectral correlation coefficient thresholds. Combined with the improved source number estimation algorithm, signal preprocessing algorithm and JADE algorithm, SCBSS of the received mixed signal can be realized. Simulation results show that the algorithm can accurately separate source signals without bit error under different SNR and degrees of spectrum aliasing. The algorithm is effective and feasible.
felsőoktatás minőségének néhány gazdasági vetülete
Authors: Lakatos Péter Levente , Makó Csaba 
Published: July 2022

Jelen írás a világ legnevesebb egyetemi rangsoraira, az OECD éves jelentéseire, illetve az Eurostat adatira támaszkodva igyekszik igazolni egyrészt azt, hogy a versenyképes gazdaság versenyképes (felső)oktatást is igényel, másrészt, hogy a felsőoktatás minősége és a gazdasági fejlettség között szignifikáns összefüggés van. Továbbá, hogy ebben a folyamatban a minőségkultúra alakításán, iránymutatásain, segítő vizsgálódásán, a jó gyakorlatok összegzésén és építő javaslatok tételén keresztül a felsőoktatási minőségbiztosítási szervezetrendszernek kiemelkedő feladata és felelőssége van. Végül arra mutat rá, hogy az egyetemek és az ügynökségek szoros együttműködése a stakeholderekkel kiemelt terület, ami hosszabb távon hozzájárulhat egy sokkal inkább képesség alapú kimeneti rendszer térnyeréséhez. Kívánatosnak tartja továbbá az egyetemek és a tudományos kutatóhálózatok, kutatóintézetek kapcsolatának szorosabbá és élőbbé tételét (ahol nem az).
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok: H52, I22, I23, I25, I26, O15
Antibacterial therapy for patients with COVID-19 in outpatients care
Authors: Karoli N. A. , Kanaeva T. V. , Grashkina M. V. , Rebrov A. P. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: to assess the frequency and nature of prescribing antibiotics to patients with conﬁrmed COVID-19 at the outpatient stage.Material and methods: a survey was conducted of 104 patients with conﬁrmed COVID-19 and their medical records were analyzed. Patients received treatment in various outpatient facilities in the city of Saratov.Results: most of the patients sought medical help 6-7 days after the onset of the disease. Most patients (65-62.5%) had a mild course of COVID-19, and moderate and severe course was found in 28 (26.9%) and 11 (10.6%) patients, respectively. Before seeking medical help, 87 (83.6%) patients began to receive antibiotics on their own. After visiting the doctor, antibiotics were additionally prescribed to 6 more patients who had not previously taken them. Most often, aminopenicillins (17 patients), macrolides (49 patients), respiratory ﬂuoroquinolones (27 patients) and cephalosporins (41 patients) were used. Combinations of two and sometimes three antibiotics were used in 46 (44%) patients. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were azithromycin (44 patients), levoﬂoxacin (27 patients), and parenteral antibiotic ceftriaxone (41 patients).Conclusion: in patients with an established diagnosis of COVID-19, a fairly frequent use of antibacterial drugs at the outpatient stage was revealed. The overwhelming majority of patients (83.6%) started using ABP on their own, before seeking medical help. Moreover, 44% of patients received combinations of two or three drugs. There are currently no convincing data on the feasibility of such a widespread use of ABP in outpatient practice in the vast majority of patients with diagnosed COVID-19.
Prevalence and mechanisms of abdominal pain development among athletes during exercise (results of an online survey)
Authors: Ahmedov V. A. , Gavrilenko D. A. 
Published: July 2022

Objective: to study the frequency and intensity of abdominal pain that occurs in professional and amateur athletes during endurance sports.Materials and methods: a single-stage cross-sectional study was carried out. A questionnaire was developed, the questionnaire included questions about the training process and about the presence and nature of abdominal pain. The intensity of abdominal pain have been assessed by a 7-point scale. The survey involved 107 people aged 18 to 29 years (average age 21.58 ± 2.86 years). Participation in the study was oﬀered to students of the Siberian State University of Physical Culture and Sports (SibGUFC) and the Omsk Olympic Reserve School (UOR Omsk), who are professionally engaged in endurance sports (long-distance running, cycling and swimming), as well as amateur athletes who study at Omsk State Medical University (OmSMU). Among the respondents, 43 (40.19%) were men and 64 (59.81%) were women. 45 (42.68%) people are engaged in professional sports, and 62 (57.94%) amateur athletes were surveyed.Results: abdominal pain occurred in 37 (82.22%) professional athletes and 22 (83.87%) amateur athletes. When comparing the intensity of pain during training in professional athletes (3.75±2.32) and amateurs (2.5+-1.42), it was revealed that the intensity of pain is greater in professional athletes (p=0.004). 22 (59.46%) people among professionals and 34 (65.38%) among amateurs noted the localized nature of pain. The majority of the questionnaire participants in two groups indicated the stabbing nature of pain - 21 (56.76%) professionals, 28 (53.85%) amateur athletes. 26 (70.27%) and 34 (65.38%) respondents in the groups of professional and amateur athletes, respectively, note that they had to reduce the intensity of exercise.Conclusion: sports are associated with the development of abdominal pain among both amateur and professional athletes, which requires a reduction in the intensity of physical activity. The intensity of abdominal pain is higher in professional athletes engaged in endurance sports. The results obtained require the development of appropriate measures to prevent the development of abdominal pain in athletes during exercise.