bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NiO/CuInS2 Quantum Dots/ZnO Orderly Nanoarrays Transparent Pn Junction Towards Enhanced Photovoltaic Conversion via Dual Functional CuInS2 QDs
Authors: Pan Jiaqi , Niu Jingjing , Xiao Guangsheng , Fu Yueyue , Cao Jun , Wang Jingjing , Zheng Yingying , Shi Lei , Li Chaorong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transparent pn junction of NiO/CuInS2 quantum dots (QDs)/ZnO orderly nanoarrays has been fabricated via a hybrid approach of sputtering‐hydrothermal‐chemical method. As revealed, the as‐prepared NiO/CuInS2 QDs/ZnO transparent pn junction exhibits decent transparency (≈85%), remarkable photovoltaic enhancement (≈2.5 × 103 folds, PCE of ≈1.19%) than that of intrinsic NiO/ZnO pn junction, and decent stability (4000s’ cycle), which is attributed to that the dual functional CuInS2 QDs with appropriate Fermi level, high QY, and wide bandgap, can optimize photogenerated carrier concentration‐mobility kinetic equilibrium efficiently, while maintaining a better transparency. Furthermore, the ZnO orderly nanoarrays can provide carrier transportation pathway, increase solar efficiency and physical stability.
Evolution and Mechanism of Cesium Lead Bromide Nanostructures in Oleylamine‐Rich System by Hot‐Injection Method
Authors: Li Huazheng , Lu Wangwei , Zhao Gaoling , Song Bin , Dong Weixia , Han Gaorong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to the ultrafast nucleation and growth rates of perovskite nanostructures during the synthesis, the products are difficult to control, such as its derivatives (e.g., Cs4PbBr6) often appear. Here, the hot‐injection method is ameliorated by using oleylamine (OAm) instead of octadecene as solvent. The results reveal that in OAm‐rich system, the pure nanostructures with different Pb/Br ratios (CsBr, Cs4PbBr6, and CsPbBr3) can be obtained at different reaction temperatures, and thus controlling the Pb‐Br linkage and the interconnection of [PbBr6]4− octahedra, and resulting in the formation of different nanostructures. As the reaction temperature increases from 120 to 180 °C, the products change from lead‐free CsBr nanocrystals to poor‐lead Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals and finally to normal CsPbBr3 nanocubes and nanowires. Moreover, the synthesized CsPbBr3 nanowires exhibit an emission peak at 521 nm, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 19 nm, with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of 64.9%, and high stability. Furthermore, the white light‐emitting diode (WLED) devices are successfully fabricated based on the obtained CsPbBr3 nanowires, showing high‐intensity white light and high stability without any encapsulation. Remarkably, this work provides a new approach for elucidating the synthesis mechanism of perovskite nanomaterials and their applications.
Characterizing Electron Flow through Catechol‐Graphene Composite Hydrogels
Authors: Kim Eunkyoung , Argenziano Rita , Zhao Zhiling , Chen Chen‐yu , Shen Margaret , Bentley William E. , Napolitano Alessandra , Payne Gregory F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectronic materials that allow the controlled flow of electrons in aqueous media are required for emerging applications that require biocompatibility, safety, and/or sustainability. Here, a composite hydrogel film composed of graphene and catechol is electrofabricated, and that this composite offers synergistic properties is reported. Graphene confers metal‐like conductivity and enables charge‐storage through an electrical double layer mechanism. Catechol confers redox‐activity and enables charge‐storage through a redox mechanism. Importantly, there are two functional populations of catechols: conducting‐catechols (presumably in intimate contact with graphene) allow direct electron‐transfer; and non‐conducting‐catechols (presumably physically separated from graphene) require diffusible mediators to enable electron‐transfer. Using a variety of spectroelectrochemical measurements, that the capacity of the composite for charge‐storage increases in proportion to the extent by which the catechol‐groups can undergo redox‐state switching is demonstrated. To illustrate the broad relevance of this work, how the redox‐state switching can be related to both the charge storage of energy materials and the memory of molecular electronic materials is discussed. The authors believe this work is significant because it demonstrates that: conducting and redox‐active components enable distinctly different mechanisms for charge‐storage and electron‐transfer; these components act synergistically; and mediators provide unique opportunities to extend the capabilities of electronic materials.
Recent Advances in Synaptic Nonvolatile Memory Devices and Compensating Architectural and Algorithmic Methods Toward Fully Integrated Neuromorphic Chips
Authors: Byun Kanghyeon , Choi Inhyuk , Kwon Soonwan , Kim Younghoon , Kang Donghoon , Cho Young Woon , Yoon Seung Keun , Kim Sangbum 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonvolatile memory (NVM)‐based neuromorphic computing has been attracting considerable attention from academia and the industry. Although it is not completely successful yet, remarkable achievements have been reported pertaining to synaptic devices that can leverage NVM capable of storing multiple states. The analog synaptic devices performing computation similar to biological nerve systems are crucial in energy‐efficient analog neuromorphic computing systems. To use NVM as an analog synaptic device, researchers focus on improving device characteristics. Among various characteristics, the most challenging one is linearity and symmetry of synaptic weight update that is required for on‐chip training. In this regard, this review paper discusses recent synaptic device improvements focusing on novel schemes tailored for each NVM device to improve the linearity and symmetry. In addition to device‐level studies, recent research achievements are reviewed expanded up to chip‐level studies because in realizing neuromorphic hardware systems beyond a single synaptic device, several considerations and requirements are needed to confirm for high‐level design, and accordingly, cooptimize among synaptic devices, synapse arrays, electrical circuits, neural networks, algorithms, and implementation. Also, this review introduces various circuit and algorithmic approaches to compensate for the non‐ideality of the analog synaptic device.
Blue Light‐Promoted Reaction of α‐Diazoketones and Sulfoxonium Ylides: Synthesis of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: Dong Yirong , Tian Yu , Zhang Zunting , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a strategy for the preparation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl sulfoxonium ylides from α‐diazoketones and sulfoxonium ylides. The transformation is achieved based on the blue‐LEDs‐promoted Wolff rearrangement of the α‐diazoketones, and the nucleophilic nature of the sulfoxonium ylides. A large array of products was prepared to demonstrate the substrate scope and functional group tolerance. A plausible mechanism was proposed for this transformation based on the experimental results. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of the products was explored.magnified image
Heterostructure Engineering of 2D Superlattice Materials for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liu Peizhi , Song Yanhui , Hou Ying , Xu Bingshe , Liao Ting , Zhang Haixia , Guo Junjie , Sun Ziqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExploring low‐cost and high‐efficient electrocatalyst is an exigent task in developing novel sustainable energy conversion systems, such as fuel cells and electrocatalytic fuel generations. 2D materials, specifically 2D superlattice materials focused here, featured highly accessible active areas, high density of active sites, and high compatibility with property‐complementary materials to form heterostructures with desired synergetic effects, have demonstrated to be promising electrocatalysts for boosting the performance of sustainable energy conversion and storage devices. Nevertheless, the reaction kinetics, and in particular, the functional mechanisms of the 2D superlattice‐based catalysts yet remain ambiguous. In this review, based on the recent progress of 2D superlattice materials in electrocatalysis applications, the rational design and fabrication of 2D superlattices are first summarized and the application of 2D superlattices in electrocatalysis is then specifically discussed. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and the strategies for the future design of 2D superlattice materials are outlined. This review attempts to establish an intrinsic correlation between the 2D superlattice heterostructures and the catalytic properties, so as to provide some insights into developing high‐performance electrocatalysts for next‐generation sustainable energy conversion and storage.
Co‐Intercalation Batteries (CoIBs): Role of TiS2 as Electrode for Storing Solvated Na Ions
Authors: Alvarez Ferrero Guillermo , Åvall Gustav , Mazzio Katherine A. , Son Youhyun , Janßen Knut , Risse Sebastian , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe co‐intercalation of solvent molecules along with Na+ into the crystal lattice of electrode materials is an undesired process in sodium batteries. An exception is the intercalation of ether solvated alkali ions into graphite, a fast and highly reversible process. Here, reversible co‐intercalation is shown to also be possible for other layered materials, namely titanium disulfide. Operando X‐ray diffraction and dilatometry are used to demonstrate different storage mechanisms for different electrolyte solvents. Diglyme is found to co‐intercalate into the TiS2 leading to a change in the voltage profile and an increase in the interlayer spacing (≈150%). This behavior is different compared to other solvents, which expand much less during Na storage (24% for tetrahydrofuran [THF] and for a carbonate mixture). For all solvents, specific capacities (2nd cycle) exceed 250 mAh g−1 whereas THF exhibited the best stability after 100 cycles. The solvent co‐intercalation is rationalized by density functional theory and linked to the stability of the solvation shells, which is largest for diglyme. Finally, the TiS2 electrode with diglyme electrolyte is paired with a graphite electrode to realize the first proof‐of‐concept solvent co‐intercalation battery, that is, a battery with two electrodes that both rely on reversible co‐intercalation of solvent molecules.
Carrier‐free nanodrugs for stemness inhibition‐enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Long Kaiqi , Wang Tianyi , Kang Weirong , Wang Weiping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCancer stem cell (CSC) has been considered a key driver of tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis due to its self‐renewal and tumor initiation capacities called stemness. Stemness is also responsible for the high resistance of CSC to current therapeutic strategies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy. In this study, a carrier‐free nanodrug (designated as MKCe6 nanoparticle [NP]) self‐assembled by photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and stemness inhibitor MK‐0752 was prepared for effective tumor repression. Stemness inhibition caused by MK‐0752 could sensitize CSCs to PDT. Benefiting from the high drug‐loading capacity and efficient cellular internalization, MKCe6 NPs exhibited good performance in PDT and stemness inhibition. In this way, effective tumor growth repression and tumorigenesis inhibition by MKCe6 NPs were observed both in vitro and in vivo. This self‐delivery nanodrug for stemness inhibition‐enhanced photodynamic therapy may provide new insights for clinical cancer therapy.
Stokes flow past an ellipsoid in a special ambient flow field: A marvelous cubic equation for a quadratic ambient field
Authors: Ugrani Suraj , Wang Shiyan , Kim Sangtae 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA three‐dimensional eigenspace appears in the analysis of an ellipsoid immersed in quadratic ambient viscous flow fields. To celebrate the mathematical achievements of Babatunde Ogunnaike, we focus on mathematical details of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the double‐layer operator that appears in the integral representation of velocity fields as a function of the shape parameters of the ellipsoid. Three special quadratic ambient fields that lack an ambient pressure gradient (toroidal fields) form a decoupled subsystem with eigenvalues associated with three real roots of a cubic equation. The discriminant of this cubic vanishes at discrete points in the parameter space of the ellipsoidal shape revealing repeated roots (and thus repeated eigenvalues) of the cubic. The discrete nature of these points is illustrated with explicit derivation of the discriminant's level set contours in the region near the repeated eigenvalues for the sphere.
Allegations of child sexual abuse in the Family Court of Australia: Response to Parkinson
Authors: Moloney Lawrence J. , Webb Nola , Smyth Bruce M. , Murphy Robyn L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, we respond to commentary by Patrick Parkinson on our research into allegations of child sexual abuse in the Family Court of Australia (both published in AJSI, vol 56, 2021). Parkinson's primary focus was on two of our key findings: (a) that the child was deemed to be at an unacceptable risk of harm in only 12 per cent of fully contested cases; and (b) that in only 14 per cent of the fully contested cases were the allegations coded as being believed. Parkinson suggested that the fully contested cases are disproportionately those in which police, child protection department staff or independent evaluators have been unable to reach a clear view; and that typically these cases involve children under 7 years old. He concluded that the Family Court was in the “too hard basket” of the child protection system and that our findings were not necessarily indicative of systemic failure. We think both suggestions, as well as the “too hard basket” conclusion, are problematic and explain why. Parkinson's comments have stimulated us to reflect on how Australian family courts are managing this important and complex area of decision‐making and what changes may be required into the future.
Could a phase model help to improve translational animal research?
Authors: Mayer Benjamin , Tuckermann Jan , Muche Rainer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnimal models are widely applied in medical research for different purposes. In particular, results from translational experiments may be used for subsequent clinical development. However, transferability of these findings to the human organism is controversial. Among other factors, this may be traced back to a lack of clear differentiation of the evidence (explorative vs. confirmatory) provided by such experimental results. In general, inferential statistics (i.e. p values) should not be interpreted in as confirmatory unless crucial methodological requirements are met.MethodsTherefore, we propose a phase model which reflects the well‐established process of clinical research, and we discuss its potential to improve decision making in translational research. The model aims to clarify the reliability of results derived from animal models.ResultsThe phase model proposes subdividing translational, pre‐clinical research into pilot, exploration, and confirmation phases. Experiments for which there is no valid estimation of the expected effect size are designated as pilot studies. Based on these data, experiments in subsequent phases may be planned using both appropriate design and statistical methods.ConclusionSeparating the entire process of translational animal research into three phases could contribute to improved transparency of the evidence derived from such experiments.
Time point for transport initiation in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest cases with ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a nationwide cohort study in Japan
Authors: Kurosaki Hisanori , Takada Kohei , Okajima Masaki 
Published: October 2022

AimThis study aimed to investigate the time point of the decision to initiate transport with ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in Japan.MethodsWe analyzed adult out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases that achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before hospital arrival from the All‐Japan Utstein Registry during 2015–2017. We constructed receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves to illustrate the ability of achieving ROSC as a predictor of neurologically favorable outcomes as a function of increasing time points of resuscitation before ROSC. Furthermore, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with outcomes.ResultsOf 373,993 OHCA patients with attempted resuscitation during 2015–2017, 22,067 patients with prehospital ROSC were included in our study. Patients were divided into the shockable initial rhythm (n = 5,580) and nonshockable initial rhythm (n = 16,487) cohorts. The ROC curves showed 10 min was the best test performance time point for a neurologically favorable outcome for shockable initial rhythm patients (sensitivity, 0.78; specificity, 0.53; area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.70) and 8 min for nonshockable initial rhythm patients (sensitivity, 0.74; specificity, 0.77; AUC, 0.83). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that CPR durations using the cut‐off value were independently associated with better outcomes for both shockable initial rhythm patients (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.81–2.42) and nonshockable initial rhythm patients (odds ratio, 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 2.92–3.82).ConclusionWhen Japanese emergency medical service (EMS) providers attend OHCA cases, the decision to initiate transport with ongoing CPR should be made at approximately 10 min after EMS providers initiate CPR for shockable initial rhythm patients and at approximately 8 min for nonshockable initial rhythm patients.
Synthesis of Alternating Polyisocyanate Copolymers by Anionic Polymerization for Mimicking Amphiphilic Helical Peptides
Authors: Bak In Gyu , Chae Chang‐Guen , Choi Jieun , Song Woo‐Young , Seo Jiwon , Lee Eunji , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe amphiphilic conformation of α‐helical peptides has important biological functions, such as ion transport, antifreeze, and innate immunity, which can be mimicked by alternating polyisocyanate copolymers. We synthesized poly(allyl isocyanate‐alt‐(S)‐(−)‐α‐methylbenzyl isocyanate (P(AIC‐alt‐SMBIC)) and ammonium‐containing P(AIC‐alt‐SMBIC) (N‐P(AIC‐alt‐SMBIC)), ensuring the amphiphilic helical conformation. The benzyl group of SMBIC plays an important role in alternating copolymerization with its steric and electron‐withdrawing effects, while AIC provides an alkene group capable of introducing a customized functional group. The P(AIC‐alt‐SMBIC) with predominantly alternating sequence was acquired at fSMBIC/fAIC=8 with a controlled molecular weight and narrow dispersity. N‐P(AIC‐alt‐SMBIC)s were synthesized from thiol‐ene radical addition with P(AIC‐alt‐SMBIC).
In Situ Quench Reactions of Enantioenriched Secondary Alkyllithium Reagents in Batch and Continuous Flow Using an I/Li‐Exchange
Authors: Kremsmair Alexander , Wilke Henrik R. , Harenberg Johannes H. , Bissinger Benjamin R. G. , Simon Matthias M. , Alandini Nurtalya , Knochel Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report a practical in situ quench (ISQ) procedure involving the generation of chiral secondary alkyllithiums from secondary alkyl iodides (including functionalized iodides bearing an ester or a nitrile) in the presence of various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones, Weinreb amides, isocyanates, sulfides, or boronates. This ISQ‐reaction allowed the preparation of a broad range of optically enriched ketones, alcohols, amides, sulfides and boronic acid esters in typically 90–98 % ee. Remarkably, these reactions were performed at −78 °C or −40 °C in batch. A continuous flow set‐up permitted reaction temperatures between −20 °C and 0 °C and allowed a scale‐up up to a 40‐fold without further optimization.
Characterization of linear low‐density polyethylene and halloysite nanotube (LLDPE/HNT) composites based on two‐roll calendering melt fabrication
Authors: Baheri Bahareh , Lindenberger Amy L. , Sharma Sumit , Lee Sunggyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn preparation of polymer nanocomposites, achieving good mixing and uniform distribution of nanofillers is highly desired for property enhancement. Polyethylene (PE) and its nanocomposite with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) possesses a myriad of potentials for advanced engineering properties. A high nanoparticle loading is preferred to capitalize the nano‐reinforcement, thermal, and barrier properties. The capability of a two‐roll calendaring machine to disperse HNT particles into a linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix at elevated processing temperatures was assessed. Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and rheological behavior of prepared nanocomposites were characterized. A homogeneous distribution of HNTs in concentrations up to 5 wt.% was evidenced by SEM analysis. TGA showed the 10 wt.% composite exhibited an overall outstanding thermal stability. DSC analysis revealed the 30 wt.% sample has the highestTmandTc, and the %crystallinity did not change much due to HNT incorporation for all samples. DMA showed the storage and loss moduli increased with increase in HNT loadings. The effect of loading HNTs into the LLDPE matrix onTgwas minimal, implying that LLDPE and HNTs are quite compatible. The results demonstrated that the two‐roll mill fabrication method can efficiently keep HNT particles unagglomerated and disperse them evenly into the LLDPE matrix.
Poly (beta‐amino ester) as an in vivo nanocarrier for therapeutic nucleic acids
Authors: Sadeqi Nezhad Muhammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTherapeutic nucleic acids are an emerging class of therapy for treating various diseases through immunomodulation, protein replacement, gene editing, and genetic engineering. However, they need a vector to effectively and safely reach the target cells. Most gene and cell therapies rely on ex vivo gene delivery, which is laborious, time‐consuming, and costly; therefore, devising a systematic vector for effective and safe in vivo delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids is required to target the cells of interest in an efficient manner. Synthetic nanoparticle vector poly beta amino ester (PBAE), a class of degradable polymer, is a promising candidate for in vivo gene delivery. PBAE is considered the most potent in vivo vector due to its excellent transfection performance and biodegradability. PBAE nanoparticles showed tunable charge density, diverse structural characteristics, excellent encapsulation capacity, high stability, stimuli‐responsive release, site‐specific delivery, potent binding to nucleic acids, flexible binding ability to various conjugates, and effective endosomal escape. These unique properties of PBAE are an essential contribution to in vivo gene delivery. The current review discusses each of the components used for PBAE synthesis and the impact of various environmental and physicochemical factors of the body on PBAE nanocarrier.
What's my hamburger meat made of?
Authors: Morán Paloma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOutreach activities give high school students an opportunity to better understand the techniques and strategies used by researchers. Here is an experience with high school students designed to familiarize them with genetic methodologies. Students have been challenged to discover whether restaurant beef burgers are made with female or male beef. This represents a didactic way to introduce students to genetic traceability methodologies and also to demonstrate the usefulness of these methodologies in relation to food safety and, more importantly, in sustaining consumer confidence. The exercise is planned to be conducted in a one‐day laboratory session.