bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global evaluation of inhibitor impacts on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Daijia , He Wentian , Smith Ward N. , Drury Craig F. , Jiang Rong , Grant Brian B. , Shi Yaoyao , Song Daping , Chen Yanhua , Wang Xuexia , He Ping , Zou Guoyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInhibitors are widely considered an efficient tool for reducing nitrogen (N) loss and improving N use efficiency, but their effectiveness is highly variable across agroecosystems. In this study, we synthesized 182 studies (222 sites) worldwide to evaluate the impacts of inhibitors (urease inhibitors [UI], nitrification inhibitors [NI] and combined inhibitors) on crop yields and gaseous N loss (ammonia [NH3] and nitrous oxide [N2O] emissions) and explored their responses to different management and environmental factors including inhibitor application timing, fertilization regime, cropping system, water management, soil properties and climatic conditions using subgroup meta‐analysis, meta‐regression and multivariate analyses. The UI were most effective in enhancing crop yields (by 5%) and reducing NH3 volatilization (by 51%), whereas NI were most effective at reducing N2O emissions (by 49%). The application of UI mitigates NH3 loss and increases crop yields especially in high NH3‐N loss scenarios, whereas NI application would minimize the net N2O emissions and the resultant environmental impacts especially in low NH3‐N loss scenarios. Alternatively, the combined application of UI and NI enables producers to balance crop production and environmental conservation goals without pollution tradeoffs. The inhibitor efficacy for decreasing gaseous N loss was dependent upon soil and climatic conditions and management practices. Notably, both meta‐regression and multivariate analyses suggest that inhibitors provide a greater opportunity for reducing fertilizer N inputs in high‐N‐surplus systems and presumably favor crop yield enhancement under soil N deficiency situations. The pursuit of an improved understanding of the interactions between plant‐soil‐climate‐management systems and different types of inhibitors should continue to optimize the effectiveness of inhibitors for reducing environmental losses while increasing productivity.
Fish‐out‐of‐office: How managerialised university conditions make administrative knowledge inaccessible to academics
Authors: Wheeldon Anita Louise , Whitty Stephen Jonathan , van der Hoorn Bronte 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcademics report feeling unable to cope in the managerialised university. To confirm these feelings are symptoms of managerialism's tightening grip, we use Bourdieusian concepts of field and capital to compare academics and professional staff experiential statements in an Australian university. We compare their field conditions and examine how their differences enable or hinder the accumulation of capital that defines their field. Findings show that managerialism requires professional staff to share work tasks and be on‐campus, which enables them to accumulate the capital they require. Managerialism also permits and resources academics to working out‐of‐office to accumulate their required capital. Consequentially though, university operational knowledge becomes informal and only accessible to professional staff who accumulate the required social capital to access it. Professional staff are thus fish‐in‐water; easily accumulating social capital through day‐to‐day activities. But academics become fish‐out‐of‐water (office); they flounder to access operational knowledge, which leads to feelings of not coping.
Dark financial profile leading to debt traps – A theoretical framework
Authors: Mesly Olivier , Huck Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a theoretical framework in an attempt to better explain the behaviours of some consumers of financial products during market crises. We review the established notions of irrationality and deception, and then add the construct of disconnection from financial needs, goals and preferences. We propone that these three concepts, respectively, cognitive, behavioural and emotional in nature, create a dark financial profile (DFP) by which these consumers unwittingly build debt. We use bibliometrics to highlight the current gap in the scholarly domains of interest and provide market examples of how the DFP likely deploys in the marketplace. This is the first article to use disconnection in such a context, and to improve the understanding of consumer behaviours in regard to disconnection, irrationality, deception and debt. Thus, we enrich the literature on debt, which has at times ignored the role of the combination of these constructs. We investigate avenues of research for developing further our emerging framework, especially on the notion of disconnection, and suggest that this effort may assist in preparing effective marketing of financial education programs and improving lending practices.
Exploring the co‐movements between COVID‐19 pandemic and international air traffic: A global perspective based on wavelet analysis
Authors: Fareed Zeeshan , Ghaemi Asl Mahdi , Irfan Muhammad , Rashidi Mohammad Mahdi , Wang Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe travel and tourism industry was one of the fastest‐growing industries before the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, to avoid COVID‐19 spread, the government authorities imposed strict lockdown and international border restrictions except for some emergency international flights that badly hit the travel and tourism industry. The study explores the nexus between international air departures and the COVID‐19 pandemic in this strain. We use a novel wavelet coherence approach to dissect the lead and lag relationships between international flight departures and COVID‐19 deaths from January 2020 to September 2020 (COVID‐19 first wave period). The results reveal that international flights cause the spread of COVID‐19 spread during May 2020 to June 2020 worldwide. The overall findings suggest asymmetries between daily international flight departures and COVID‐19 deaths globally at different time‐frequency periods due to uncertainty surrounding the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study will be conducive for the policymakers to control the upsurge of COVID‐19 spread worldwide.
Identity leadership, procedural justice, and group identification in uncertain organizational contexts
Authors: Milesi Patrizia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentity leadership helps group members both to reduce their subjective uncertainty about what to think and how to behave and to obtain a positive social identity. In organizations, procedural justice too supports group members' positive social identity. According to the Uncertainty Identity theory, in uncertain contexts, the motivation to reduce subjective uncertainty takes precedence over the motivation to obtain a positive social identity in driving group identification. The paper tests the hypothesis that, among the most uncertain workers, identity leadership interacts negatively with procedural justice in their association with group identification. By means of three correlational studies carried out in real organizational contexts, the paper examines different types of experienced uncertainty: the uncertainty stemming from a merger (Study 1, N = 152); the broader uncertainty due to market instability and fast technological changes (Study 2, N = 382); the uncertainty related to the frequency of computer‐mediated communication (Study 3, N = 209). Results consistently show that, among the participants who feel the highest uncertainty in their working conditions and the participants who interact using computer‐mediated communication at the highest frequency, the association between group identification and procedural justice becomes weaker as identity leadership increases. Those results highlight the risk that in uncertain contexts, group members keep identifying with their group even in the face of procedural injustice if they perceive their leader as an identity leader. Thus the paper illuminates a condition where identity leadership may lead group members to tolerate and even support toxic environments.
Sensitive ex vivo human skin transdermal assay testing method with mass spectrometric analysis for cosmetics application
Authors: Tan Tsze Yin , Wee Hai Ning , Lee Lye Siang , Han Hong Yu , Ong Chee Tian , Neela M. , Masilamani Jeyakumar , Phan Thang T. , Ching Jianhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCosmetics manufacturers are focused on cosmetic delivery systems into the skin, but the level of diffusion of the systems in the skin tissues is not well understood. The current methods, such as Franz diffusion, assess analyte diffusion in the whole skin or artificial membranes, which has limitations for understanding skin delivery systems.AimsOur study aimed to create a transdermal delivery method which is based on dermal–epidermal separation of human skin, allowing us to assess each layer of skin separately for its efficacy.Materials and MethodsDuring the experiment, resveratrol was used as the target analyte by applying it to the skin and then separating it into dermis and epidermis. Each layer is treated individually and subjected to a high‐resolution mass spectrometry analysis to detect resveratrol levels. As a result, the efficiency of resveratrol diffusion in the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin can be evaluated.ResultsWe found that resveratrol was detected in both the dermal and epidermal layers using our method.ConclusionsHence, we developed a sensitive method for transdermal delivery testing that can be used to evaluate skin delivery systems for cosmetic or pharmaceutical purposes.
New challenges of fetal therapy in Japan
Authors: Wada Seiji , Ozawa Katsusuke , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo review new challenges of fetal therapy in Japan after the establishment of four existing fetal therapies as standard prenatal care with National Health Insurance coverage over the past 20 years.MethodsReported studies and our current research activities related to four fetal therapies newly performed in Japan were reviewed.ResultsFetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) aims to occlude the trachea using a detachable balloon to promote lung growth. Following the recent successful completion of an international randomized controlled trial for CDH, in which we participated, FETO is offered for severe left CDH to perform balloon insertion at 27–29 weeks and removal at 34 weeks of gestation. Fetal cystoscopy (FC) for low urinary tract obstruction was introduced to overcome the demerits of vesicoamniotic shunting. FC may provide a proper diagnosis by visual observation of the urethra and physiological treatment of the posterior urethral valve. The effectiveness of open fetal surgery for myelomeningocele (MMC), direct surgery with laparotomy and hysterotomy, for ameliorating hindbrain herniation and the motor function was demonstrated, but it was also associated with substantial maternal and fetal risks. Fetal aortic valvuloplasty (FAV), ultrasound‐guided fetal aortic balloon dilation for critical aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome may improve left heart development and maintain biventricular circulation. Feasibility and safety studies for FC, MMC open fetal surgery, and FAV are currently ongoing.ConclusionsClinical research on FETO, FC, MMC open fetal surgery, and FAV has proceeded with careful preparations in Japan.
How to inform about sodium reduction on food labels?
Authors: Sant'anna Laudiane Justo , Araújo Cirila Ionara Almeida , de Paula Matheus Custódio , da Moreira Eduardo da Silva , Della Lucia Suzana Maria , Lima Filho Tarcísio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExcessive sodium intake is a worldwide problem. Little attention has been paid to consumer perceptions and thoughts on how to report sodium reduction in food packaging. We aimed to investigate the opinion of consumers on the best ways to inform about sodium reduction on food labels. We held focus group sessions and performed a modified choice based conjoint analysis. Participants prefer packaging that has the front of pack nutrition label traffic light labeling and use of sentences informing the percentage of sodium content reduction. The blue color and the phrase that informs the percentage of sodium content reduction increase the probability of the consumer choosing a cracker with reduced sodium. These results allow the elaboration of labels for food with low sodium content that meet the expectations and desires of consumers, thus contributing to avoiding a low expectation or even rejection of the products just by looking at their packaging.Practical ApplicationsReducing sodium consumption is one of the most cost‐effective measures that countries could take to improve population health outcomes. This has been one of the most widely discussed issues of the 21st century. Several strategies have been developed to reduce the sodium content of foods. However, if consumers do not choose these products to buy these strategies will not have practical results. The results of this study allow us to identify the opinion and perception of consumers on the reduction of sodium in foods and on how to inform this reduction on labels. With the information obtained in this study, industries will be able to develop packaging with characteristics that will allow a greater probability of choosing foods with reduced sodium content.
Second Language Speech Intelligibility Revisited: Differential Roles of Phonological Accuracy, Visual Speech, and Iconic Gesture
Authors: WHEELER PAGE , SAITO KAZUYA 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough intelligibility is a core concept in second language (L2) speech assessment and teaching research, the vast majority of previous work relies on audio‐only stimuli. The current study set out to examine how linguistic and visual information jointly interact to determine the degree of speech intelligibility. Both first language (L1) and L2 English listeners were presented with stimuli that varied along 3 factors (vowel error, visual speech, and iconic gesture) and completed an orthographic transcription task. Results revealed that iconic gesture significantly increased all the listeners’ intelligibility scores when speech contained vowel errors. When speech did not contain errors, gesture increased intelligibility for L2 listeners but not L1 listeners. Visual speech had no significant effect on intelligibility in either listener group. Vowel error reduced intelligibility by approximately 20–30% for both L1 and L2 listeners. Findings suggest that visual modalities, especially gestures, have the potential to significantly affect the intelligibility of speech containing phonological errors.
Cognitive efficacy and neural mechanisms of music‐based neurological rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Martínez‐Molina Noelia , Siponkoski Sini‐Tuuli , Särkämö Teppo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) causes lifelong cognitive deficits, most often in executive function (EF). Both musical training and music‐based rehabilitation have been shown to enhance EF and neuroplasticity. Thus far, however, there is little evidence for the potential rehabilitative effects of music for TBI. Here, we review the core findings from our recent cross‐over randomized controlled trial in which a 10‐week music‐based neurological rehabilitation (MBNR) protocol was administered to 40 patients with moderate‐to‐severe TBI. Neuropsychological testing and structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected at three time points (baseline, 3 months, and 6 months); one group received the MBNR between time points 1 and 2, while a second group received it between time points 2 and 3. We found that both general EF and set shifting improved after the intervention, and this effect was maintained long term. Morphometric analyses revealed therapy‐induced gray matter volume changes most consistently in the right inferior frontal gyrus, changes that correlated with better outcomes in set shifting. Finally, we found changes in the between‐ and within‐network functional connectivity of large‐scale resting‐state networks after MBNR, which also correlated with measures of EF. Taken together, the data provide evidence for concluding that MBNR improves EF in TBI; also, the data show that morphometric and resting‐state functional connectivity are sensitive markers with which to monitor the neuroplasticity induced by the MBNR intervention.
Development of DNA markers that distinguish male and female haploid germlings of the brown alga, Cladosiphon okamuranus
Authors: Nishitsuji Koki , Nishitsuji Yoshie , Yonashiro Yoshitaka , Satoh Noriyuki 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYOkinawa mozuku, Cladosiphon okamuranus, is one of many edible brown algae, yielding 22 Kton annually and contributing ¥5 billion to the Japanese economy. The life cycle of C. okamuranus is complicated, since the alga has self‐cloning life cycles in both haploid (N, male and female) and diploid (2N) conditions, but only diploid “seeds” (germlings) become edible sporophytes. Because haploid and diploid germlings are morphologically indistinguishable, haploid germlings are often mistakenly combined with diploid germlings for cultivation, which results in less efficient harvesting of mozuku. Sexual identification of haploid germlings is essential to develop better diploid strains by crossbreeding. With this aim, we performed RNA‐seq analysis of haploid germlings of C. okamuranus. Using its decoded diploid genome and transcriptomic information, we identified 269 genes that are expressed specifically in male or female haploids. BLAST analysis with Ectocarpus siliculosus gene models revealed that nine of 269 genes were putative sex determination‐related genes of C. okamuranus. A unique set of polymerase chain reaction primers for these nine genes was designed, and DNA amplification using primers enabled us to distinguish male and female haploid and diploid germlings. This tool will enable mozuku farmers to select diploid germlings free of haploid germlings. Using this DNA marker technique, the amount of mozuku cultivated in Okinawa is expected to increase.
Heat stress and hypoxia inhibit the secretion of androgens and induce epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition associated with activated TGF‐β/Smad signalling in canine cryptorchidism
Authors: Wang Zihui , Wang Qian , Cui Nan , Xiao Longfei , Wei Huawei , Kang Jian , Sheng Xihui , Qi Xiaolong , Xing Kai , Guo Yong , Ni Hemin , Wang Xiangguo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCryptorchidism, as a common congenital disease of canine testes, is mainly caused by factors leading to endocrine abnormalities in testes and infertility in a heat stress and hypoxia microenvironment. Moreover, heat stress and hypoxia, as critical microenvironmental factors, promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which occurs during adult tissue remodelling responses including carcinogenesis and fibrosis and is the main cause of testicular tumours. In this study, we found by haematoxylin–eosin staining that the canine cryptorchid tissue produced a lot of collagen fibres. Also, the quantitative PCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of the heat stress makers HSP70 and HO‐1 and the hypoxia maker HIF‐1α are significant higher compared with normal testes. Moreover, we found the expression levels of TGF‐βs and its two receptors TGF‐βRI and TGF‐βRII increased in case of cryptorchidism. From the study in vitro, we found both heat stress and COCl2 mimic hypoxia inhibited the secretion of testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A4) and promoted the expression of the EMT maker α‐SMA and vimentin in Leydig cells, and also that heat stress and COCl2 stimulated with the TGF‐β signalling promoted the expression of TGF‐βs and its two type receptors and also the active phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. The use of LY2109761, a receptor inhibitor of TGF‐βs/Smad signalling pathway, was associated with heat stress and COCl2 suppression of androgens' secretion and stimulated EMT in Leydig cells. These findings characterized a novel pathogenesis of cryptorchidism and provided a new idea for therapeutics.
Solidarity, not charity: Learning the lessons of the COVID‐19 pandemic to reconceptualise the radicality of mutual aid
Authors: Mould Oli , Cole Jennifer , Badger Adam , Brown Philip 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly ruptured our global society. We have seen health care systems, governments and commerce buckle under the strain of disease, lockdowns and unrest, but the rupture has also created space for radical (and anarchist) politics of mutual aid, as societal organising principles, to move into a more prominent position (and offers potential for this shift to remain after the crisis has subsided). However, in the short time since mutual aid has been thrust into the limelight, we have seen a multiplicity and spectrum of geographies, applications and approaches. Indeed, we have also seen its appropriation by government(s) that takes advantage of mutual aid's rallying cry of ‘solidarity not charity’; absolving the state's responsibilities to sufficiently fund social welfare when good neighbours will do it for free. In this paper we map out how mutual aid has been enacted during the COVID‐19 pandemic by charity, contributory and radical groups to address specific and novel forms of vulnerabilities, and the opportunities and challenges this offers for the future. In particular we highlight potential tensions between the enacting of mutual aid practices and the political activism (or not) of the mutual aid actors. Our contribution is to reconceptualise mutual aid to (i) show where the real ‘mutualism’ of mutual aid is, and (ii) create a better understanding of how mutual aid can be mobilised in future emergencies which will inevitably arise in the current climate emergency.
Lockdown under lockdown? Pandemic, the carceral and COVID‐19 in British prisons
Authors: Schliehe Anna , Philo Chris , Carlin Bethany , Fallon Caitlín , Penna Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe relationship between pandemic, or chronic infectious diseases, and the carceral, meaning set‐apart spaces of enforced confinement for ‘wrong‐doers,’ has a long, tangled history. It features in Foucault's inquiries into disciplinary power and its associated spatial formations, not least in the shape of the modern prison. Drawing lightly from Foucault's claims about disciplinary and biopolitical power, as well as on his anti‐prison activism, this paper explores three possibilities for penal transformation arising during the early months of COVID‐19 in UK prisons (circa March to August 2020). Consulting primary source material, these possibilities are respectively identified as ‘retrenching,’ ‘reworking’ or ‘reducing’ the carceral. A chief finding is that under the press of pandemic ‘emergency,’ the tilt of emphasis has been towards a retrenched or reworked ‘carceral state,’ disappointing any promise of abolition, let alone more humble reduction in carceral conditions. The ‘biological sub‐citizens’ of prisons are hence being left especially vulnerable to the press of pandemic, in part precisely because of how carceral spatialities are being intensified.