bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Футбол як чільна складова спортивного дозвілля інтернованих вояків Української галицької армії в Чехословаччині (1919–1922 рр.)
Authors: Антонишин Андрій , Срібняк Ігор , Хлєбіна Анна 
Published: February 2022

Анотація. У статті проаналізовано специфіку проведення змагань з футболу за участю інтернованих вояків Української галицької армії (УГА), які змагались із чеськими спортсменами як на таборових майданчиках, так і на футбольних стадіонах провінційних міст Чехословаччини протягом 1919–1922 рр. Значною мірою це стало можливим завдяки діяльності у таборах інтернованих американської благодійної організації YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association), яка не шкодувала коштів для гуманітарних потреб інтернованих. Це стосувалось й розвитку ігрових видів спорту та взагалі активного дозвілля таборян, за-для чого YMCA облаштувала спортивні зали (пристосовуючи для цього окремі бараки), а також щедро купувала різне спортивне знаряддя. Завдяки її грошовим внескам для команд купували спортивну форму та потрібне для проведення футбольних матчів устаткування (м’ячі, сітки на ворота тощо). Крім того, на кошти YМСА таборові команди мали можливість проводити зустрічі з чеськими футболістами на виїзді. До розвитку футболу активно долучалась і спортивна секція Культурно-просвітного кружка (як в Німецькому Яблонному, так і Йозефові), заходами якої у таборах організовувались спортивні свята та численні змагання за участю місцевих чеських спортклубів, а зароблені під час їх проведення кошти передавались на потреби таборян-спортсменів. Вагу і значення спортивних вправ, і зокрема футбольних змагань, розуміло й командування інтернованих частин УГА, забезпечуючи зі свого боку максимально можливе сприяння командним видам спорту в таборі. Ігрові види спорту, і зокрема, футбол, суттєво прислужились для зміцнення здоров’я інтернованих, насамперед гравців таборових команд, та дарувало наснагу і гарний настрій не тільки спортсменам, а й чисельному гурту глядачів та вболівальників, додаючи позитивних емоцій у їх непростому таборовому існуванні. Разом з тим футбольні матчі успішно виконували комунікаційно-адаптаційну функцію, дозволяючи українцям ближче пізнати мешканців найближчих до табору чеських міст і призвичаїтись до ритму та способу їхньго життя. Також футбольні змагання створювали міцну основу для чесько-українського міжнаціонального порозуміння та суттєво полегшували для частини вояцтва УГА інтеграцію у чеський соціум.
Ключові слова: футбол, команда, матч, спортивний клуб, гравці, інтерновані вояки-українці, табір.
THE DISPUTE OF DAGESTAN THEOLOGIANS OVER THE RULES OF PERFORMING THE TARAWIH PRAYER IN THE LATE 19 – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
Authors: Abdulmajidov Ramazan S. , Alibekov Khizri G. 
Published: February 2022

The paper studies the theological discussion around the performing of the prayer tarawih in Dagestan at the turn of the 19-20th centuries. The background of the issue in question is given in the introduction, revealing the origins of this controversy. The study focuses on several original Arabic-language works written by Dagestani theologians. Two parties participated in the discussion: Muslim al-Uradi and Kebedmuhammad al-Bezhti on the one side, and Usman al-Tsakhuri and Iman-Ali al-Bezhti – on the other. The paper reveals in detail the key arguments given by the opponents who participated in the polemic. It is worth noting that the authors of the works show a high level of proficiency in Arabic and theological knowledge. The Arabographic polemical works of Dagestani theologians allow us to outline the range of controversial issues that at various times troubled the minds of the Muslims of Dagestan. The article provides a chronological development of the discussion of the theologians, as well as a general analysis of the content of each of the works. The works under study were written within the framework of the Arab-Muslim manuscript tradition, some of them being autographs.It was found that Dagestani theologians, who mainly positioned themselves as strict adherents of the Shafi’i legal school, in some cases allowed themselves quite free views and disputed the opinions of leading Shafi’i legal scholars, including Imam al-Shafi’i himself. Such a «liberalization» of views, in our opinion, is a consequence of the influence of the authoritative Dagestani legal scholar Muhammad al-Kuduki. The present study criticizes the «jadidocentric» approach in understanding the processes of the «Islamic reformation» that took place in Dagestan at the beginning of the 20th century.
Pewarisan Fonem Vokal Protoaustronesia ke Bahasa Angkola dan Bahasa Simalungun
Authors: Siti Rahmadani Lestari Ritonga  , Dardanila  , Gustianingsih  
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini menjelaskan perubahan dan pewarisan bunyi vokal PAN ke dalam bahasa Angkola (BA) dan bahasa Simalungun (BS). Linguistik Historis Komparatif(LHK) adalah pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan ialah 200 daftar kosakata swadesh dan pengumpulan data tulis ialah dengan metode simak yang dilanjutkan dengan teknik sadap. Pengkajian data menggunakan metode perbandingan historis. Penyajian hasil analisis akan dilakukan dengan cara penyajian formal. Berdasarkan analisis ditemukan pewarisan linear (retensi) dalam bahasa Angkola */a/ → /a/, */i/→ /i/, */u/ → /u/, dan pewarisan fonem vokal PAN secara inovasi */a/ → /E/, */ ə / → /o/. Pewarisan proto austronesia pada bahasa Simalungun secara linear */a/ → /a/, */i/→ /i/, dan pewarisan fonem vokal PAN secara inovasi */ ə / → /o/.
This research discusses the changes and inheritance of the PAN vowels into Angkola (BA) and Simalungun (BS) languages. This research was conducted using a comparative historical linguistic approach. The data used were 200 swadesh vocabulary and the method collected in collecting written data was the observation method followed by the tapping technique. The study of data used the historical comparison method. Presentation of the results of the analysis will be carried out by means of a formal presentation. Based on the analysis, it was found that linear inheritance (retention) in Angkola language * / a / → / a /, * / i / → / i /, * / u / → / u /, and innovation of the PAN vowel phoneme * / a / → / E /, * / ə / → / o /. The inheritance of the proto austronesian in the Simalungun is linear * / a / → / a /, * / i / → / i /, and the innovative inheritance of the vowel phoneme PAN * / ə / → / o /.
Metalinguistik dalam Pengajaran Bahasa
Authors: Eddy Setia  
Published: February 2022

Bahasa dan budaya tak dapat dipisahkan. Kemistri yang begitu kuat antara keduanya mengakibatkan kajian tentang bahasa harus melibatkan budaya. Bidang yang mengkaji tentang hubungan keduanya secara ilmiah disebut Metalinguistik. Dalam hal pengajaran bahasa asing, kemampuan Metalinguistik merupakan strategi yang diterapkan baik secara sadar maupun tidak dalam interaksi linguistik lisan maupun tulisan, menyadarkan pembelajar bahasa untuk berfikir tentang bahasa dan pesan linguistik, untuk menganalisis sebuah pesan, dan mengendalikan proses bahasa dalam budaya komunikasi. Tulisan ini merangkum linguistik mikro dan makro yang dapat dilibatkan dalam pengajaran bahasa.
Language and culture cannot be separated. Their tough chemistry results the study and investigation of language should be corelated to culture. A scientific field deals with the study of both language and culture in social practice is called Metalinguistiks. Related to foreign language teaching, Metalinguistiks skills are strategies that are apllied, either consciously oraotomatically, to an oral or written linguistik interaction to allow language learners to think about language and linguistik message, to analyse message and to control language processing within the communicative culture. This writing covers macro and micro linguistiks that can be involved in the process of language teaching.
GAMIFICATION IN COMPUTER SCIENCE COURSES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Özdamli Fezile , Yazdeen Dlgash Faran 
Published: February 2022

The complicated, boring problems in computer science learning make them lack motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The further exciting and appealing educational setting is the more significant learners' participation in the learning challenge. A traditional setting was not appealing too much, creating a dull environment that has no learning motivation. Gamification is often used as an instrument for motivating learners and increasing their commitment. A study analyzes several previous research types in this field to assess gamification's effect on higher education students in a computer science course. The results conclude that gamification enhances the interest and encouragement of the learners. Also, it improves computer science curriculum training and knowledge of a complicated topic, providing learners with optional barriers. While they are beneficial, pedagogical games may have drawbacks that impact either emotionally and physically learners. The most popular gamification elements used during computer science classes were badges, leaderboards, score, level, and feedback. They were the most commonly known feature of the game in learning computer science. Implementing components of gamification in education is a resource that can motivate learners in computer science education. Gamification can give positive outcomes for student's achievement and the teaching and learning process framework, which teachers increasingly accept. Further research is required to determine if this transforms into an effect on finished performance and governs particular group impacts. Students' academic achievement and results in the computer science curriculum must develop a broader amount of knowledge on the utility through gamification.
EVALUATION OF MANAGERS' ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND DEVELOPMENT SITUATIONS IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS BEFORE AND DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD
Authors: Tümkan Fahri , Tümkan Şengül , Eriç Mustafa 
Published: February 2022

Through education, societies raise the awareness within future generations and shape them as they wish. Due to the importance of educational institutions, organizational commitment of employees in educational institutions is also important. Detection and comparison of organizational commitment before and during the pandemic will be an important source of data in this challenging period.
The aim of the research is to evaluate the situation of providing and developing organizational commitment of administrators and teachers in educational organizations before and during the pandemic in public primary schools in the 2020-2021 education period. In line with the research objectives, open-ended questions were asked to 20 teachers and 20 administrators, and the data of the research were obtained.
After the analysis of the research data, the following conclusions were reached: When the participants were mentioned about organizational commitment, it was concluded that the teachers and administrators thought of the work commitment (loyalty).
The results show that before the pandemic, administrators organized dining events according to the teachers’ and the administrators' views in order to ensure organisational commitment. The teachers defend that an equal and fair environment should be reached when developing organisational commitment while the administrators think the environment should be motivating. In order to provide, develop and maintain the organisational commitment, teachers believe that it is important to be equal and fair and the administrators believe that constructive criticism should be present.
It has been concluded that during the pandemic, to ensure organisational commitment, the administrators arrange online meetings according to the teachers’ and the administrators’ opinion. While teachers mention the need to be in close dialogue (continuous dialogue) to develop organizational commitment, administrators say that there should be an effective communication environment. Also, according to the teachers, in providing, developing and maintaining organizational commitment, it is necessary to be motivating, it is achieved through good (effective) communication according to the views of the administrators.
Keywords: Manager1, Pandemic(Covid-19)2, Education3, Organizational Commitment4
EXAMINATION OF TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMS OF COUNTRIES WITHIN THE SCOPE OF COMPARATIVE EDUCATION STUDIES: A SCOPING REVIEW STUDY
Authors: Demir Burak , İşlek Didem 
Published: February 2022

The aim of this research is to examine the various aspects of the article studies of countries on teacher training from past to present. For this purpose, articles on this subject were accessed via Google Scholar, Web of Science and ERIC. Comparative articles made by countries on teacher training between 2017-2021; The year they were published, the language they were published in, the number of authors, the distribution of authors by gender, the method, the countries that made the most research on the subject examined. While obtaining the data, articles related to the subject other than the subjects that compare the teacher training programs of the countries scanned as "Teacher Training", "Teacher Education", "Teacher Training Systems", "Teacher Training Programs", "Comparative Education" was not included in the study. In the study, the document analysis method was used within the scope of qualitative research design. In the data analysis part, the content analysis was included and the results were obtained were presented in tables.

Keywords: Teacher Training, Comparative Education, Teacher Training Programs, Scoping Review
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TURKEY, NORTHERN IRAQ, AND THE REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON ENGLISH EDUCATIONAL SUB-SYSTEM
Authors: Miralay Fatma , Tangiri Roland Ndukong , Sadeeq Sanaria Abdulrahman , Demiral Başak Timur 
Published: February 2022

The aim of this research is to examine the educational systems of Turkey, Northern Iraq, and the English Sub System of Cameroon. This examination was done by analyzing the educational structures of Turkey, Northern Iraq, and the English Sub System in Cameroon to bring out their similarities and differences. The study method a qualitative research approach, with a descriptive analysis after reviewing documents containing the educational systems of these countries. Following the study, result of that these countries' educational systems shared many similarities and few differences in their educational framework and some educational policies can be applied to all three systems at some levels. The Pre-school and Masters’ levels are similar to all the three countries; Primary school level in Turkey and Northern Iraq was similar while at the undergraduate level, there were some differences in all the three countries.

Keywords; Comparison, Educational System, Turkey, Iraq, and Cameroon.
Growth, Grain Development and Yield Performance Of Boro Rice Varieties Under Water Stress Condition
Authors: Apu CK , Biswas PK , Roy TS , Shome S , Barman A 
Published: February 2022

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka to evaluate the effect of water stress at reproductive stage on growth, grain development and yield of Boro rice. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor A: Water stress viz. no water stress (W1) and water stress (W2) and Factor B: Variety viz. BRRI dhan28 (V1), BRRI dhan29 (V2), BRRI dhan50 (V3), Binadhan-10 (V4), BRRI hybriddhan3 (V5), Aloron (V6). In no water stress, irrigation water was maintained strictly from transplanting time to harvesting time while in water stress condition; supply of irrigation was stopped just after flowering upto harvest. Results showed that growth, grain development and yield of Boro rice were significantly affected by water stressed condition. All the tested varieties performed better under no water stress condition compared to water stress condition. About 7% panicle weight was decreased due to water stress condition at reproductive stage. Grain development of BRRI dhan29 was least affected by water stress while the most affected variety was Binadhan-10. Water deficit at reproductive stage reduced about 15-22% grain yield of tested varieties. Aloron was the least affected variety due to water stress while BRRI dhan50 was the most affected variety. The variety Aloron provided equal yield (7.31 t ha-1) under stress condition as given by BRRI dhan29 under no water stress condition. So, Aloron may be a better option to cultivate in the region where irrigation water is scarce or costly.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(2): 99-107
Respon Pasar Terhadap Informasi Biaya Penelitian dan Pengembangan
Authors: Yuliana Yessy , Meiden Carmel 
Published: February 2022

Value relevance shows how widely available accounting information can reflect the firm value. Accounting information is relevant if it can influence decision-making. In addition to information on earnings and book value, which are the basic variables in value relevance research, there is other accounting information that can explain the market value of the firms. In this study, other accounting information used is research and development cost and advertising cost that can provide benefits to the company in the future. This study aims to analyze and examine the effect of research and development costs and advertising costs on the market value of the firms. This study is using secondary data observation techniques acquired from annual financial reports for companies in the manufacturing industry sector that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2011-2020 period. The sampling method used in this research is purposive sampling, with a total of 90 observations. The results of this study partially explain that research and development costs have a positive and significant effect on the market value of the firms, whereas advertising costs have a negative effect. Meanwhile, simultaneously the research and development costs and advertising costs with a control variables affect the market value of the firms. The conclusion of this study explains that research and development costs have a value relevance
Pengaruh Ekstrak Batang Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) Terhadap Perilaku Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus) yang Terinfeksi Bakteri Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Susanto Bela Novita Amaris , Zayani Nofri , Susanto Nindita Clourisa Amaris 
Published: February 2022

Bajakah tampala stem (Spatholobus Littoralis Hassk) has the potential to be used for health, especially to increase immunity. The results of the phytochemical screening test showed that the main ingredients of bajakah were saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. The study used an experimental design with a completely randomized design (CRD), which consisted of 5 treatments (dose) and 6 replications. The dose is aquadest (K1/control); 25 mg/kg (K2); 50 mg/kg (K3); 100 mg/kg bw (K4) and 30 mg/kg of brand X immunomodulatory drug (K2). Mice were injected orally with the treatment according to the prescribed dose for 30 days. On the 31st day, the mice were infected with Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. On the 32nd-34th day, physical condition and activity were observed. data on changes in physical condition and activity were processed by descriptive statistics. Batang bajakah tampala extract (Spatholobus littoralis Hask) can improve the immune system as seen from the behavior and external morphology of mice (Mus Musculus) exposed to salmonella typhimurium, especially at a dose of K4 (100 mg/kg bw).
Keywords: Bajakah tampala, behavior, mice, salmonella typhimurium
Abcc6 Null Mice—a Model for Mineralization Disorder PXE Shows Vertebral Osteopenia Without Enhanced Intervertebral Disc Calcification With Aging
Authors: Boneski Paige K. , Madhu Vedavathi , Tomlinson Ryan E. , Shapiro Irving M. , van de Wetering Koen , Risbud Makarand V. 
Published: February 2022

Chronic low back pain is a highly prevalent health condition intricately linked to intervertebral disc degeneration. One of the prominent features of disc degeneration that is commonly observed with aging is dystrophic calcification. ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 (ABCC6), a presumed ATP efflux transporter, is a key regulator of systemic levels of the mineralization inhibitor pyrophosphate (PPi). Mutations in ABCC6 result in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a progressive human metabolic disorder characterized by mineralization of the skin and elastic tissues. The implications of ABCC6 loss-of-function on pathological mineralization of structures in the spine, however, are unknown. Using the Abcc6−/− mouse model of PXE, we investigated age-dependent changes in the vertebral bone and intervertebral disc. Abcc6−/− mice exhibited diminished trabecular bone quality parameters at 7 months, which remained significantly lower than the wild-type mice at 18 months of age. Abcc6−/− vertebrae showed increased TRAP staining along with decreased TNAP staining, suggesting an enhanced bone resorption as well as decreased bone formation. Surprisingly, however, loss of ABCC6 resulted only in a mild, aging disc phenotype without evidence of dystrophic mineralization. Finally, we tested the utility of oral K3Citrate to treat the vertebral phenotype since it is shown to regulate hydroxyapatite mechanical behavior. The treatment resulted in inhibition of the osteoclastic response and an early improvement in mechanical properties of the bone underscoring the promise of potassium citrate as a therapeutic agent. Our data suggest that although ectopic mineralization is tightly regulated in the disc, loss of ABCC6 compromises vertebral bone quality and dysregulates osteoblast-osteoclast coupling.
The Burden of Ventricular Premature Complex Is Associated With Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Lee Po-Tseng , Huang Ting-Chun , Huang Mu-Hsiang , Hsu Ling-Wei , Su Pei-Fang , Liu Yen-Wen , Hung Meng-Hsuan , Liu Ping-Yen 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundVentricular premature complex (VPC) is one of the most common ventricular arrhythmias. The presence of VPC is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF).MethodWe designed a single-center, retrospective, and large population-based cohort to clarify the role of VPC burden in long-term prognosis in Taiwan. We analyzed the database from the National Cheng Kung University Hospital-Electronic Medical Record (NCKUH-EMR) and NCKUH-Holter (NCKUH-Holter). A total of 19,527 patients who underwent 24-h Holter ECG monitoring due to palpitation, syncope, and clinical suspicion of arrhythmias were enrolled in this study.ResultsThe clinical outcome of interests involved 5.65% noncardiovascular death and 1.53% cardiovascular-specific deaths between 2011 and 2018. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, Fine and Gray's competing risk model, and propensity score matching demonstrated that both moderate (1,000–10,000/day) and high (&gt;10,000/day) VPC burdens contributed to cardiovascular death in comparison with a low VPC burden (&lt;1,000/day).ConclusionA higher VPC burden via Holter ECG is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular mortality.