bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the Hematological Indices and COVID-19
Authors: Khalil Noon Ahmed , Almugadam Babiker Saad , Elkhider Abdalkhalig 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Recently, the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has a wide spread around the world. Clinically, it was responsible for respiratory illness ranged from mild to life-threatening infection. The study aimed to investigate the link of gender, age, ABO blood groups, and hematological indices with COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
One hindered COVID-19 cases, as confirmed using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction test, were checked for some sociodemographic features, blood group, and hematology parameters. A blood sample was collected from each person in an EDTA container and immediately tested for blood group using commercial antisera, in addition to complete blood count parameters using of a semiautomated hematology analyzer (Mindray BC-3200).

Results:
Of 100 COVID-19 patients, 52% were male and 48% were female. About 33% and 31% of the study participants were of age group 15–31 and 32–49 years, respectively. The majority (37%) of COVID-19 patients carried blood group O+ve, followed by A+ve (24%). A+ve blood group was significantly more reported in males (32.7%) than females (14.6%). Notably, 61% of participants showed low Hb level. Erythropenia was detected in 41% of the participants, while thrombocytopenia was observed only in 19% of the patients. Moreover, lymphocytopenia was detected in 82%, low packed cell volume in 66%, decreased mean corpuscular volume in 20%, and declined mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in 8% of the participants. In contrast, leukocytosis and neutrophilia were found in 69% and 73% of the participants, respectively.

Conclusion:
Taken together, the study findings highlighted the link of COVID-19 with age, gender, blood groups, and hematology parameters, which is important in diagnosis, prognosis, and management of illness.
Elevated Urinary CD80 Excretion in Children with Steroid-Responsive Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Hooman Nakysa , Otukesh Hasan , Hosseini Rozita , Nickavar Azar , Dastan Farzaneh , Sarouei Mahboubeh Jafari , Honarpisheh Parisa 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is one of the most common glomerular diseases in children with different pathological types and different responses to corticosteroids. A definitive diagnosis is essential for planning the treatment and determining the prognosis of these patients and currently, kidney biopsy is the only method for definitive diagnosis. However, this is an invasive procedure. In addition, in some cases, the biopsy is contraindicated or tissue obtained on biopsy is insufficient and may not represent the underlying disease. According to the recent hypothesis about the role of circulating permeability factors in the pathogenesis of INS, urine protein analysis as a noninvasive method to determine the specific biomarkers of the disease is of great interest to nephrologists and can be useful.

Methods:
In this case − control study, we analyzed urinary CD80 (uCD80) levels in 51 patients with INS using a special CD80 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and were compared between different groups of patients.

Results:
The highest urine CD80/creatinine ratio was found in patients with active minimal change disease and steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome in the relapse stage of the disease.

Conclusion:
A significant level of uCD80 is correlated with better renal function and a more favorable response to steroids in patients with INS. Therefore, it can be concluded that a high level of uCD80 is correlated with a good prognosis in these patients.
Designing a Circular Coil of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at Frequencies of 0.5 and 1 Hz using CST Studio Suite Software and Comparison of Results with Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Tavakoli Hassan , Heidarpanah Arsalan 
Published: October 2022

Context:
Since the 1990s, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used as a noninvasive method to diagnose and manage the treatment of many neurological disorders. The circular coil is one of the most common coils in rTMS devices. This study presents the design documentation of a circular coil for use in the rTMS device and examines the consistency of the magnetic field intensity (H) and the magnetic flux density (B) obtained from the simulation of its use with the theoretical values.

Aims:
This study aimed to design a rTMS circular coil at frequencies of 0.5 and 1 Hz using CST Studio Suite software and compare the intensity of the B- and H-fields with theoretical calculations.

Materials and Methods:
After designing a circular coil, we measured B and H by simulation with CST Studio Suite software and compared the results with theoretical calculations.

Results:
The magnetic field intensity and the magnetic flux density obtained from the circular coil simulation we designed had an acceptable consistency with the theoretical values.

Conclusions:
The B- and H-field intensity whether on the body or in the air, or on the antenna, is fairishly consistent with theoretical calculations.
Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Level Among Subjects Vaccinated with Different Types of COVID-19 Vaccines in the Karbala Population, Iraq
Authors: Hassan Rawaq Taleb , Mohammed Suhad H. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines represent the only way in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Studying the differences in immune response to different types of vaccines is considered an important tool for optimizing vaccine selection and dosage required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration following vaccination with Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and April 2022.

Methods:
A blood sample was obtained from 174 vaccinated persons, IgG levels were detected using the SARS-COV-2 IgG II Quant assay on the ARCHITECT I system. Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS VERSION 24 software. Quantitative results are indicated as mean ± standard deviation. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Out of 60.3%, 33.9%, and 5.7% had received Pfizer, Sinopharm, and AstraZeneca vaccines, respectively. Ninety participants were men and 84 were women with ages ranging from 18 to 70 years. IgG concentrations were higher in participants vaccinated with Pfizer's vaccine. There were significant differences among the three types of vaccine within age groups. The mean IgG concentration was higher in male participants vaccinated with Pfizer and AstraZeneca. No significant variation was observed between the first and second doses for each type of the three vaccines. The IgG concentration for a vaccination with Pfizer varied significantly among the weeks after vaccination, the maximum concentration was seen between the 6th and 7th weeks.

Conclusions:
Participants vaccinated with the Pfizer vaccine produce the highest antibody concentration as compared to other vaccines, especially in male participants. Younger participants produce higher amount of antibody response.
Immunoinformatics-based Identification of Highly Conserved Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitopes in Polyprotein pp220 of African Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Juan Aiman Kiara Atienza , Palma Keana Milen Calara , Suarez Marianne Bermudez , De Mesa Herrera-Ong Leana Rich 
Published: October 2022

Background:High mortality rate of pigs peaked in 2020 due to the re-emergence of a deadly African swine fever virus (ASFV) which has led to transcontinental outbreaks in Europe, reportedly from 2014 to 2019, and in Asia and the Pacific from 2018–2020. Given the huge socioeconomic consequences of the disease, vaccines that will prime the immunity of swine against this pathogen is a dire necessity.Methods:Insilicoidentification and characterization of highly conserved cytotoxic T-cell (CD8+) epitopes derived from one of its structural proteins, pp220, were analyzed. Protein sequences of pp220 were retrieved and clustered to obtain highly conserved sequences. Cross-reactive epitopes were filtered out, and the remaining epitopes were docked with swine leukocyte antigen-1*0401 (SLA-1*0401). Furthermore, the epitope stability was determined by comparing binding energy, dissociation constant, and eigenvalues of the epitopes with the values of positive control, influenza-epitope complex.Results:This study showed that 20 highly conserved epitopes promiscuously bind to two or more SLAs and 9 of which epitopes (ALDLSLIGF, QIYKTLLEY, FLNKSTQAY, IADAINQEF, IINPSITEY, AINTFMYYY, SLYPTQFDY, RSNPGSFYW, and RLDRKHILM) that were validated exhibit potential immunogenicity based on the acceptable binding energy, dissociation constant, and eigenvalues.Conclusion:This study has identified epitopes that show high conservancy, reducing the chance of epitope immune evasion. It is anticipated that the identified epitopes must be further evaluated as a potential immunotherapeutic agent in developing an epitope-based vaccine against ASFV.
Role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Abrogated Cardio Protective Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning in Diabetic Rat Heart
Authors: Gupta Garima , Varshney Vibhav , Goyal Ahsas , Gupta Jeetendra K. , Yadav H. N. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Diabetes decreased cardioprotective potential of ischemic postconditioning (IPOC), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) induced the cardioprotection against ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present study has been designed to investigate the role of ANP induced postconditioning in diabetic rat heart.

Methods:
Isolated Langendorff perfused normal and diabetic rat hearts were stabilized for 10 min proceed by global ischemia further followed by four cycles of IPOC, each cycle comprised 5 min of reperfusion and 5 min of ischemia at onset of 120 min of reperfusion. Perfusion of ANP (0.1μM/l) with Krebs–Henseleit Buffer solution in isolated diabetic rat heart for four-cycle of IPOC significantly decreased I/R-induced myocardial infarct size and release of CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in coronary effluent.

Results:
Four cycles of IPOC-induced cardioprotection noted by decreased in infarct size and also in release of LDH and CK-MB in normal rat heart. However, IPOC-induced cardioprotection was completely attenuated in isolated heart obtained from diabetic rat. Perfusion of ANP (0.1μM/L) significantly restored the attenuated cardioprotection in diabetic rat heart, which was completely blocked by perfusion of L-NAME (100μM/L), an eNOS inhibitor.

Conclusion:
So that, ANP restored cardioprotective affect in diabetic rat heart, which was completely abolished by the perfusion of L-NAME (100μM/L), an eNOS inhibitor.
Development and Validation of Chemometric-Assisted Spectrophotometric Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Aceclofenac, Paracetamol, and Chlorzoxazone with Impurities
Authors: Gunjal Rajshree , Gajbhar Arti , Vichare Vijaya , Sutar Abhijeet , Deshmukh Minal , Choudhari Vishnu 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Analysis of tertiary mixtures of analytes along with their impurities with simple and cost effective manner is always of interest. Utility of chemometric techniques are growing in pharmaceuticals, it improve speediness in the analysis and also provide analytical solutions with reduce the number of steps in the analytical method. In this study UV-Visible spectrophotometry coupled with principle component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS) multivariate methods was applied for estimation of three drugs in their formulation.

Method:
The calibration and validation sets were prepared in linear concentration range of three drugs and major impurities of paracetamol and aceclofenac. The series of sets were prepared using multilevel multifactorial design. Leave- One-Out (LOO) cross validation technique was employed to get essential number of Latent variables (LVs) that provides the greatest predictive ability. The developed method was studied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of titled drugs and validated as per regulatory guidelines.

Results:
The results showed the values of coefficient of determination (R2) for all drugs and impurities was higher than 0.99 indicating high acceptability. The obtained RMSE values were relatively low. Coefficient of determination and RMSE values indicate good accuracy and precision, respectively.

Conclusion:
Proposed method was successfully used for analysis of aceclofenac, paracetamol and chlorzoxazone in tablet dosage form and major impurities of aceclofenac, paracetamol in bulk.
Immunocytochemical Expression of AE1/AE3 and Cytokeratin 20 in the Urinary Cells of Cigarette Smokers in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Ajileye Ayodeji Blessing , Akinbo Frederick Olusegun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Cigarette smoking has been identified as the most important risk factor for some cancers and the second leading risk factor for death in the world. This study was conducted to evaluate the immunocytochemical expression of AE1/AE3 and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) in the urinary cells of cigarette smokers in South-West, Nigeria.

Methods:
Urine samples were collected from 250 cigarette smokers and 200 noncigarette smokers in South-West, Nigeria. A questionnaire was administered to subjects before specimen collection. About 10 ml of urine samples were collected from every subject into a clean sterile universal bottle, thereafter transferred into a clean test tube and spun with a cytocentrifuge for the use of staining with immunocytochemical biomarkers (AE1/AE3 and CK20).

Results:
Immunocytochemical staining carried out on the urine smears of cigarette smokers revealed that 2.8% of the samples expressed AE1/AE3, while 1.1% expressed CK20. None of the urinary smears of nonsmokers expressed AE1/AE3 and CK20. Furthermore, being cigarette smokers did not strongly influence the expression of AE1/AE3 and CK20 in the urine of cigarette smokers.

Conclusion:
Based on the outcome of this study, cigarette smoking has been seen to be one of the leading causes of renal diseases and one of the major causes of cancer among cigarette smokers.
Biological Liquefaction and Dehairing of Tannery Hides Using Protease Crude Extract from Bacillus Safensis
Authors: Nachimuthu Saranya , Nehru Lavanya , Kathirvel Preethi 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The contemporary usage of leather products has established large number of tanneries worldwide and increased the production of leather goods, releasing huge solid and liquid tannery waste. The amount of firm waste from the unprocessed skins and hides generated from tannery is increased day by day posing a solemn threat to the health and environment. It was reported to account 5-7% of the total solid wastes. This study aims for the biological approach of utilizing tannery hide waste for the production of bacterial enzymes. Proteases produced by the microbes have multiple commercial and industrial applications.

Methods:
The physiochemical property of raw trimming of bovine tannery hides was analyzed for the segregation of protease constructing bacteria. Seven bacterial isolates from the raw trimming bovine tannery hides were isolated and screened for their protease production and activity. The isolated bacterial strains were documented through morphological, biochemical tests and confirmed by MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus safensis.

Results:
Among the seven isolates, Bacillus safensis established better proteolytic action. The culture conditions and media requirements were optimized for the maximum growth of the chosen bacteria. The crude proteolytic enzyme from Bacillus safensis was extracted, analyzed for its application in tannery hide dehairing activity through microbial fermentation. Further, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties displayed by the protease crude extract from Bacillus safensis could be explored for potential industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

Conclusion:
The verdict of the present study reveals a novel source of protease enzyme with the superior dehairing activity. Further, the research shed light on the strategies to reduce environmental pollution by the conversion of tannery waste into economically important products.
Feasibility and Safety of Laparoscopic Surgery in Large Ovarian Masses
Authors: Kinay Tugba , Kizilkaya Yasemin , Altinbas Sadiman Kiykac , Tapisiz Omer Lutfi , Ustun Yaprak Engin 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic surgery for large ovarian masses with benign features.

Materials and Methods:
Women who underwent laparoscopic surgery for an ovarian mass with benign features between 2017 and 2019 at a tertiary referral center were included in the retrospective study. Based on the size of the ovarian mass, the women were divided into the case and control groups of ≥10 cm and <10 cm, respectively. Clinical characteristics, operative findings, histopathological results, and complication rates of the groups were compared.

Results:
A total of 260 women, 64 women with large masses and 196 with small masses were included in the study. The operation time, intraoperative cyst rupture rate, complication rate, and hospital stay were similar in the case and control groups (P > 0.05). The cyst aspiration rate (29.7% vs. 5.1%, P < 0.001) and the unexpected malignancy rate (7.8% vs. 0.0% P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group.

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic surgery was found feasible for the treatment of women with large ovarian masses. However, a higher unexpected malignancy rate requires the careful patient selection and appropriate counseling preoperatively in these cases.
Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy: Passing the right way decoding suture
Authors: Maheshwari Devendra , Gupta Shivam , Tara Techi D , Pillai Madhavi Ramanatha , C Drishti , Ramakrishanan Rengappa 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Trabeculectomy is still the most frequently performed glaucoma surgery. But being an invasive procedure, it has numerous vision-threatening complications along with bleb-related complications like cystic bleb, overhanging bleb blebitis, or endophthalmitis. The choice of therapy between medical laser and filtering surgery is now bridged by minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS), which are conjunctiva-sparing procedures with adequate intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects and good safety profiles. Among the armamentarium of MIGS procedures, gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) is a frontrunner safe procedure. The procedure is a blebless and sutureless procedure in which a readily available Prolene suture is used to cleave the entire trabecular meshwork. An ab interno approach also allows direct visualization of a so-called trabecular shelf that, when present, indicates an open, cleaved collector system commonly associated with a positive postoperative outcome. Thus, it not only saves the eye from various postoperative complications of other previous penetrating procedures, but is also an effective glaucoma surgery that can be performed with very low costs, which would have big economic implications for glaucoma care in developing countries.

Purpose:
The purpose of this video is to illustrate transluminal novel trabeculotomy technique and video-based skill transfer to a novice surgeon.

Synopsis:
This video depicts detailed steps of GATT surgery in a patient with primary open angle glaucoma and in a case of silicon oil induced secondary open angle glaucoma. The authors also share their experience regarding possible intraoperative problems and solutions with some tips and tricks to make the surgery easy.

Highlights:
GATT can be performed with cataract surgery with minimal patient morbidity and a short recovery time with preserving healthy conjunctiva. There is no risk of post op hypotony or bleb related complications, with a short surgical learning curve.

Online Video Link:

https://youtu.be/gk1of38EX1g

Key words: Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, trabecular meshwork
Intraoperative optical coherence tomography-guided donor corneal tissue assessment and preparation
Authors: Agarwal Rinky , Shakarwal Chetan , Sharma Namrata , Titiyal Jeewan Singh 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the role of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (i-OCT) in donor grading, selection, and preparation during different types of keratoplasty.

Methods:
Seventy-one consecutive donor corneas collected over 6 months, after clinical grading, were observed by an experienced corneal surgeon under an i-OCT equipped microscope. The donor preparation (manual/automated) for different types of keratoplasty procedures was also undertaken under i-OCT.

Results:
The mean central corneal thickness of optical and nonoptical grade tissues was 533 ± 19 and 662 ± 52 mm, respectively. The i-OCT-based grading matched with clinical grading in 98.5% cases. Irregular thickness, anterior stromal hyperreflectivity, and previous scars were appreciated in 1.4, 1.4, and 7.04% donors, respectively. During Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, i-OCT facilitated selection of appropriate microkeratome head for automated donor preparation in all cases, besides allowing manual dissection of partially dissected lenticule, identification of site of inadvertent perforation, and eccentric trephination in one case each. During Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, i-OCT-based assessment of preexisting scar (five cases) guided careful tissue selection (2/5) and preparation. During predescemetic endothelial keratoplasty, precise needle advancement allowed successful type-1 bubble formation in all cases. All manually punched donors demonstrated an extra endothelial ledge, while those with automated preparation showed tapering donor margins.

Conclusion:
i-OCT might serve as a useful imaging tool for objective assessment of donor characteristics. The modality may complement clinical evaluation for donor grading, selection, and preparation.
Do static and dynamic pupillary parameters differ according to childhood, adulthood, and old age? A quantitative study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Yıldırım Biçer Gamze , Zor Kürşad Ramazan , Küçük Erkut 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
We aimed to evaluate the normative pupillometry values and mean pupil dilatation speed in healthy individuals in different age groups in our study.

Methods:
The study group included 180 eyes of 90 healthy volunteers in different age groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 participants between the ages of 6 and 18, group 2 consisted of 30 participants aged 19–40, and group 3 consisted of 30 participants aged 41–75. Scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic measurements were taken with automatic pupillometry of Sirius Topographer (CSO, Firenze, Italy). The mean pupil dilation speed at the 18th second was calculated according to dynamic measurements.

Results:
Group 1 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than groups 2 and 3 in all static and dynamic parameters, and the mean pupil dilation speed was the highest among the groups (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters). In addition, group 2 had a significantly larger pupil diameter than group 3 (P < 0.001 for all static and dynamic parameters) and the mean pupil dilation speed was faster than group 3 (P = 0.027).

Conclusion:
We have presented the static and dynamic parameters and the mean speed of pupil dilatation at the 18th second with automatic pupillometry in healthy individuals in childhood, adulthood, and old age. More studies with higher participants and younger age children are needed.