bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the human heparan sulfate polymerase complex EXT1-EXT2
Authors: Leisico Francisco , Omeiri Juneina , Le Narvor Christine , Beaudouin Joёl , Hons Michael , Fenel Daphna , Schoehn Guy , Couté Yohann , Bonnaffé David , Sadir Rabia , Lortat-Jacob Hugues , Wild Rebekka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides that mediate the interaction with a broad range of protein ligands at the cell surface. A key step in heparan sulfate biosynthesis is catalyzed by the bi-functional glycosyltransferases EXT1 and EXT2, which generate the glycan backbone consisting of repeating N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid units. The molecular mechanism of heparan sulfate chain polymerization remains, however, unknown. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human EXT1-EXT2, which reveals the formation of a tightly packed hetero-dimeric complex harboring four glycosyltransferase domains with their catalytic sites facing in opposite directions. Along with in vitro activity assays using fluorescently labeled and chemically defined substrates, these findings provide a molecular insight into donor substrate recognition and demonstrate that the glycosyltransferase reactions are highly specific. A combination of in vitro and in cellulo mutational studies was used to dissect the functional role of the four catalytic sites. While EXT1 is able to catalyze both glycosyltransferase reactions, EXT2 harbors only N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity. Our results provide mechanistic insight into heparan sulfate chain elongation as a non processive process and lay the cornerstone for future studies on EXT1-EXT2 function in health and disease.
Large-scale phage-based screening reveals extensive pan-viral mimicry of host short linear motifs
Authors: Mihalic Filip , Simonetti Leandro , Giudice Girolamo , Sander Marie Rubin , Lindqvist Richard , Akprioro Peters Marie Berit , Benz Caroline , Kassa Eszter , Badgujar Dilip , Inturi Raviteja , Ali Muhammad , Krystkowiak Izabella , Sayadi Ahmed , Andersson Eva , Aronsson Hanna , Söderberg Ola , Dobritzsch Doreen , Petsalaki Evangelia , Överby Anna K , Jemth Per , Davey Norman E. , Ivarsson Ylva 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYViruses mimic host short linear motifs (SLiMs) to hijack and deregulate cellular functions. Studies of motif-mediated interactions therefore provide insight into virus-host dependencies, and reveal targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe the pan-viral discovery of 1,712 SLiM-based virus-host interactions using a phage peptidome tiling the intrinsically disordered protein regions of 229 RNA viruses. We find mimicry of host SLiMs to be a ubiquitous viral strategy, reveal novel host proteins hijacked by viruses, and identify cellular pathways frequently deregulated by viral motif mimicry. Using structural and biophysical analyses, we show that viral mimicry-based interactions have similar binding strength and bound conformations as endogenous interactions. Finally, we establish polyadenylate-binding protein 1 as a potential target for broad-spectrum antiviral agent development. Our platform enables rapid discovery of mechanisms of viral interference and the identification of potential therapeutic targets which can aid in combating future epidemics and pandemics.
Anisotropic dense collagen hydrogels possessing two ranges of porosity to create the adequate microenvironment for muscle bundles: a step towards skeletal muscle modeling
Authors: Camman Marie , Joanne Pierre , Brun Julie , Marcellan Alba , Dumont Julien , Agbulut Onnik , Hélary Christophe 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTDespite the crucial role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the organotypic organization and function of skeletal muscles, most 3D models do not mimic its specific characteristics, namely its biochemical composition, stiffness, anisotropy, and porosity. Here, a novel 3D in vitro model of muscle extracellular matrix was developed to differentiate myogenic cells (C2C12 line) into myotubes and reproduce their natural cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. An anisotropic hydrogel mimicking the perimysium was obtained thanks to unidirectional 3D printing of dense collagen with aligned collagen fibrils. The space between the different layers was tuned to generate an intrinsic porosity (100 µm) suitable for nutrient and oxygen diffusion. By modulating the gelling conditions, the mechanical properties of the construct reached those measured in the physiological muscle ECM. The addition of large channels (600 µm) by molding permitted to create a second range of porosity suitable for cell colonization without altering the physical properties of the hydrogel. C2C12 cells embedded in Matrigel®, seeded within the channels, organized in 3D, and differentiated into multinucleated mature myotubes. This organization reproduced the global muscular bundles, i.e., the endomysium encompassing myotubes. These results show that porous and anisotropic dense collagen hydrogels colonized with myoblasts are promising biomaterials to model skeletal muscle.Table of contentsHighlightsA novel extracellular matrix-like hydrogel increases the physiological relevance of the skeletal muscle model.Porous and anisotropic dense collagen hydrogels mimic the muscle ECM physical properties.Unidirectional printing of dense collagen creates a porous and anisotropic scaffold in a single step.Anisotropic dense collagen hydrogels promote C2C12 differentiation into myotubes and their 3D organization.
Novel insights on the contribution of plastoglobules and reactive oxygen species to chromoplast differentiation
Authors: Morelli Luca , Torres-Montilla Salvador , Glauser Gaetan , Shanmugabalaji Venkatasalam , Kessler Felix , Rodriguez-Concepcion Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnriching plant tissues in phytonutrients can be done by stimulating their biosynthesis but also by providing appropriate sink structures for their sequestering and storage. Chromoplasts are plastids specialized in the production and accumulation of carotenoids that are naturally formed in non-photosynthetic tissues such as flower petals and ripe fruit. Chromoplasts can also be artificially differentiated from leaf chloroplasts by boosting the production of phytoene (the first committed intermediate of the carotenoid pathway) with the bacterial phytoene synthase crtB. Here we show that crtB-induced leaf chromoplasts develop plastoglobules harboring high levels of carotenoids (mainly phytoene and pro-vitamin A β-carotene) but also other nutritionally-relevant isoprenoids such as tocopherols (vitamin E) and phylloquinone (vitamin K1). Further promoting plastoglobule proliferation by exposure to intense (high) light resulted in a higher accumulation of these health-related metabolites but also an acceleration of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast conversion. We further show that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates chromoplastogenesis. Our data suggest that, similar to that already described for decreased photosynthesis and enhanced carotenoid biosynthesis, ROS production is not just a consequence but a promoter of the chromoplast differentiation process.
Financial literacy and its antecedents amongst the farmers: evidence from India
Authors: Maji Sumit Kumar , Laha Arindam 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe article makes a modest attempt to explore the level of financial literacy (FL) amongst the farmers in India. An effort was also made to unearth the factors affecting such FL.Design/methodology/approachThe study used secondary data on 11,030 farmers across various regions of India from the Financial Inclusion Insight Survey, 2017. Standard and Poor Global FL questions were used to measure the level of FL amongst the respondents. In addition to the appropriate statistical tools and techniques, the censored tobit regression model and generalized structural equation model were applied to explore the determinants of FL of the Indian farmers.FindingsThe outcome of the study indicated that the majority of Indian farmers are financially illiterate. The average FL score obtained by the sample farmers was found to be only 33%. The results of the study signaled significant regional variation in FL amongst the farmers across India. Apart from the regional variation in FL, farmer type, state-specific agricultural productivity, gender, marital status, age, educational attainment and financial inclusion were found to be the major determinants of the FL amongst the farmers.Originality/valueEvaluation of FL amongst farmers is scanty in the literature in developed nations and especially in the context of emerging economies, like India. The authors tried to fill this gap by exploring FL and its determinants amongst Indian farmers. In addition to this, the study for the first time used a comprehensive and rich dataset of 11,030 Indian farmers while exploring the level of FL and its determinants.
Learning from failure to enhance performance: a systematic literature review of retail failure
Authors: Ahmed Irfan , Mehta Sanjay S. , Ganeshkumar C. , Natarajan VivekShankar 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to develop a map of the contours of the phenomenon of retailer failure by aggregating, parsing and extracting known findings regarding business failure in marketing, business and other streams of inquiry to provide a comprehensive understanding of research on the topic. Defined as the converse of retailer performance, an understanding of retail failure is expected to yield insights for performance measurement and benchmarking studies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper includes a systematic literature review, employing state-of-the-art tools such as VOSViewer.FindingsThe analysis reveals patterns in the intellectual structure of the research on retail failure, as well as patterns of influence. While the discipline of marketing has been surprisingly limited in the study of retail failure, study of retail failure has been pursued by other branches of the business discipline, and even some disciplines other than business.Originality/valueThis paper provides a comprehensive and systematic literature review on the topic of retail failure.
Green workers of Himalayas: evidence of transformation induced regeneration
Authors: Bhalla Rohan , Chowdhary Nimit 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe investigation of the relationship between the future of humanity and the future of ecology is a pertinent issue. In this context, the study aimed to explore people's travel experience in the Himalayan region of India for transformation and well-being and how transformation induces their involvement in regenerative practices. The authors investigated if transformations contribute to the well-being of all living beings and the environment and induce involvement in regenerative practices?Design/methodology/approachThe authors preferred qualitative research design and selected narrative inquiry as a research approach to bring individuals' life stories to the centre stage for examination. Accordingly, diachronic data was collected, and a paradigmatic type of narrative inquiry was applied that uses paradigmatic analytical procedures to produce thematic categories and taxonomies from the database.FindingsNine themes were identified and discussed in the light of existing literature. Transformational tourism promotes well-being and reduces mental health anomalies. The study participants used words like calm, compose, stress-free, and compassion, indicating enhanced consciousness. They also reported satisfaction and induced environmentally friendly behaviour after serving the community and environment at tourist destinations situated in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and the Union territory of Ladakh of the Himalayan region of India.Originality/valueThe paper collates evidence to establish a correlation between transformation and regeneration. There is a suggestion that transformative travel leads to participation in regenerative activities. The paper is based on people's experiences described as green workers of the Indian Himalayas and provides empirical conclusions that support the argument of transformational induced regenerative tourism.
Housing affordability crisis and vulnerable social groups in Turkey
Authors: Coskun Yener 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper investigates the housing affordability crisis from the perspective of vulnerable social groups (VSG) in Turkey and Turkey's megacities, Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, over the period of 2010 and 2019.Design/methodology/approachThe author employ house cost and multiple income variables, involving residual income, to construct socially informative house cost-to-income (HCI) ratios. To measure the country/urban level socio-economic dimensions of the affordability crisis, the author develop 12 main and 76 specific housing affordability criteria.FindingsThe author find that housing is not affordable in Turkey and low/unequal distribution of income is a contributive factor for the affordability crisis of VSG. The evidence suggests that housing unaffordability for VSG is deeply rooted in the socio-economic/demographic disparities that eventually result in income and homeownership inequalities.Social implicationsConstructed HCI ratios provide precise information for the targeted housing affordability policies for the VSG defined by education level, age, location, income distribution, employment status/condition and gender. The author' socially targeted modeling approach briefly suggests that housing affordability policies should focus on low-educated groups, young generations, some elementary occupations, employees in low-income industries, and casual/regular-small firms' employees.Originality/valueThis is the first study that provides nuanced information on housing affordability for Turkey by employing HCI ratios for the targeted VSG. This socially targeted empirical analysis is the first analysis for developing housing markets as well. From the methodological perspective, the author contribute information quality of the housing affordability ratio by using income data of various aggregate-level socio-economic/demographic groups.
Phenotypic characterization of human peripheral γδT‐cell subsets in glioblastoma
Authors: Belghali Moulay Yassine , El Moumou Lahcen , Hazime Raja , Brahimi Maroua , El Marrakchi Malak , Belaid Hasna Ait , Benali Said Ait , Khouchani Mouna , Ba‐M'hamed Saadia , Admou Brahim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe antitumoral contribution of γδT cells depends on their activation and differentiation into effectors. This depends on different molecules and membrane receptors, which conditions their physiology. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic characteristics of γδT cells in glioblastoma (GBM) according to five layers of membrane receptors. Among ten GBM cases initially enrolled, five of them who had been confirmed by pathological examination and ten healthy controls underwent phenotyping of peripheral γδT cells by flow cytometry, using the following staining: αβTCR, γδTCR, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD25, CD27, CD28, CD45, CD45RA, CD56, NKG2D, CD272(BTLA), and CD279(PD‐1). Compared with the controls, the results showed no significant change in the number of γδT cells. However, there was a decrease of double‐negative (CD4−CD8−) Tγδ cells and an increase of naive γδT cells, a lack of CD25 expression, a decrease of the expression of CD279, and a remarkable, but not significant, increase in the expression of the CD27 and CD28 costimulation markers. Among the γδT cell subsets, the number of Vδ2 decreased in glioblastoma and showed no significant difference in the expression of CD16, CD56, and NKG2D. In contrast, the number of Vδ1 increased in glioblastoma with overexpression of CD16, CD56, and NKG2D. Our results showed that γδT cells are prone to adopt a pro‐inflammatory profile in the glioblastoma context, which suggests that they might be a potential tool to consider in T cell‐based immunotherapy in glioblastoma. However, this requires additional investigation on a larger sample size.
Functional diversity and trait filtering of insectivorous bats on forest islands created by an Amazonian mega dam
Authors: Colombo Guthieri Teixeira , Di Ponzio Raffaello , Benchimol Maíra , Peres Carlos A. , Bobrowiec Paulo Estefano D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Mega dams in lowland tropical forests often create large archipelagos, leading to biodiversity decay and disruption of ecosystem functioning in remnant habitat islands.

We investigated the functional diversity and functional trait filtering of aerial insectivorous bats in both insular forest patches created by a vast ~30‐year‐old hydropower reservoir and the adjacent mainland continuous forest in Central Amazonia.

Bats were surveyed using passive bat recorders across 34 forest sites. Based on a set of morphological traits derived for each species recorded, we estimated both the bat functional richness, functional evenness and functional dispersion at each surveyed site. We further assessed the effects of local vegetation, patch and landscape features on patterns of functional diversity. The interaction between functional traits, environmental characteristics, and species distribution was investigated using a combination of RLQ and fourth‐corner analyses.

We found that mainland sites retained higher functional richness and lower functional evenness compared to forest islands, indicating a more complete functional assemblage in the mainland. Additionally, species composition was affected by local vegetation structure and forest area, with small isolated islands exhibiting pervasive loss of functional traits. RLQ and fourth‐corner analyses showed that larger understorey foraging species with greater dispersal capacity, constant frequency–frequency modulated calls, and higher frequency of maximum energy were associated with more isolated small islands. Conversely, forest subcanopy species, exhibiting quasi‐constant frequency calls and presenting low dispersal capacity were associated with continuous forests and islands with greater forest area, and were therefore more sensitive to habitat insularization.

Our study calls attention to the pervasive impacts induced by large dams on the functional diversity of tropical insectivorous bats. We recommend that future assessments of the effects of habitat fragmentation on mammals should include traits linked to ecosystem services. In designing and licensing new dams, we suggest the creation of extensive protected areas surrounding mainland forests to minimize the detrimental impacts of small isolated islands and safeguard the full complement of key ecological functions provided by insectivorous bats.

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A Messy Mix: Religion, Feminism and Pentecostals
Authors: Ambrose Linda M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScholars of Canadian history have been remiss in overlooking conservative religious women, especially when such women claimed to be feminists. Given the commonly shared assumption that second‐wave feminism was tied to secularism, the idea that religious women could be committed feminists seems implausible. However, some conservative Christian women, including evangelicals and Pentecostals, considered themselves to be feminists, even as they actively opposed abortion. The Rev. Bernice Gerard (1923–2008) was a Pentecostal pastor, a media personality and a municipal politician in Vancouver from 1977 to 1980. Researching her life through using her own life writing provides a case study for grappling with larger questions about conservativism and feminism. In 2000, Gerard, the self‐proclaimed feminist, was named as the most significant spiritual figure in British Columbia in the twentieth century. My biographical work about her pays particular attention to her provocative and seemingly contradictory convictions and points to how she resolved the conceptual tensions that framed her religiosity using a process of ‘self‐authoring’. Theoretical frameworks from the sociology of religion challenge Western feminism's implicit biases and provide useful ways to frame the complexities and paradoxes that arise in the lives of conservative women.
‘Do I need to sit beside the man to be equal to Him’? Second‐Wave Feminism and Jewish Women in Montreal, 1962–1980
Authors: Eidinger Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article is a preliminary study into the impact of feminism within the Jewish‐Canadian community in Montreal in the 1960s and 1970s, based on a combination of archival research and oral history. This research reveals that while community, religious elites and ordinary Jewish women in Montreal did engage with feminist ideas right from the beginning, this engagement was limited in the 1960s and 1970s. Specifically, questions arose about the compatibility of feminism with Jewish religion and culture, particularly with respect to the devaluation of motherhood and family within the larger movement. As a result, Jewish women in Montreal selectively incorporated second‐wave feminism into their lives in contradictory and inconsistent ways, viewing the role of women in the home and family as a source of pride and strength. This suggests the need to rethink our image of feminism in this period by including new understandings of feminist activism and the possibility that the lack of connection over the subject of motherhood was the norm rather than the exception.
Baseline clinical features predicting macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic adult‐onset Still’s disease receiving interleukin‐6 inhibitor treatment
Authors: Naniwa Taio , Yamabe Toru , Ohmura Shin‐ichiro , Uehara Koji , Tamechika Shin‐ya , Maeda Shinji , Isogai Shuntaro , Wada Junichi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a severe complication of systemic adult‐onset Still’s disease (AOSD), has been reported to occur during interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) inhibitor treatment. However, predictors for MAS development are unknown. Therefore, this study investigated predictive features for MAS development after starting IL‐6 inhibitor treatment in systemic AOSD patients.MethodIn a single‐center retrospective study involving systemic AOSD patients who were refractory to high‐dose glucocorticoids with immunosuppressants and started IL‐6 inhibitor treatment between April 2008 and March 2020, we compared the baseline clinical features between patients who developed AOSD flare with MAS features (MAS group) and those who did not (non‐MAS group) during IL‐6 inhibitor treatment.ResultsOnly tocilizumab was used as an IL‐6 inhibitor. Six of 14 refractory systemic AOSD patients developed AOSD flares with MAS features during tocilizumab treatment, including 4 who developed them shortly after initiation. The MAS group had significantly lower neutrophil counts, fibrinogen, and higher IL‐18/C‐reactive protein (CRP) ratio at starting tocilizumab (baseline) than the non‐MAS group. Before starting tocilizumab, neutrophil counts were trending downward and upward in the MAS and non‐MAS groups, respectively, with significant differences in changes. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that baseline neutrophil counts and fibrinogen and their changes before tocilizumab treatment and baseline IL‐18/CRP ratio had significant discriminatory abilities for subsequent MAS development.ConclusionWe identified baseline laboratory features associated with MAS development after initiating an IL‐6 inhibitor in refractory systemic AOSD patients. These features may reflect the suppression of IL‐6 signaling, and further suppression of IL‐6 signaling might trigger early‐onset MAS.