bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Muslims in the Qanun Jinayat and the Choice of Law in Sharia Courts in Aceh
Authors: Halim Abdul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Aceh Jinayat Qanun, which is often considered violating Human Rights, has become the choice of the non-Muslim minorities as their rational choice. This study aims to analyze non-Muslims’ choice of The Aceh Jinayat Qanun implemented by the Sharia Court in Aceh and its underlying motives. This study relies on field research involving observations, in-depth interviews with Sharia Court judges, Head of the Islamic Sharia Service, Acehnese clerical figures, and Non-Muslims involved in criminal cases handled by the Sharia Courts. This study also analyzes Sharia Court decisions on criminal cases involving non-Muslims and various related documents issued by the Sharia Courts, police, and prosecutors. The study was undertaken between July 2017 and March 2020. The study shows that the Acehnese non-Muslims do not select The Aceh Jinayat Qanun because of its religious values but based on practicality, efficiency, and socio-cultural consideration. The Sharia-based sentences, which have often been conceived as inhuman and violate fundamental human rights, are chosen and become the rational choice for non-Muslims in solving their legal issues. This paper concludes that the implementation of the Sharia on non-Muslim has not always been negative. This paper demonstrates non-Muslims’ interest to choose Sharia-based criminal justice or The Aceh Jinayat Qanun over the Criminal Code. This can be seen as their rational choice over a more efficient, low-cost, effective, and fast legal process offered by The Aceh Jinayat Qanun sentencing system.
Cross-level effects of health-promoting leadership on nurse presenteeism: The mediation and moderation effect of workload and performance pressure
Authors: Shan Geyan , Wang Wei , Wang Shengnan , Zhang Yongjun , Li Yongxin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examines the cross-level influence mechanism of leaders’ health-promoting leadership on subordinates’ presenteeism among nursing industry. A multilevel mediated moderation model was hypothesized to explore whether health-promoting leadership is associated with subordinates’ presenteeism via the workload of subordinates, and how leader’s performance pressure plays the role in the model. Questionnaires were distributed to 110 nursing teams, which including 110 chief nurses and 660 subordinate nurses. Our findings showed that although health-promoting leadership has no direct impact on presenteeism, health-promoting leadership has an indirect impact on presenteeism via workload, and workload acts as a complete mediator. Meanwhile, performance pressure moderated the relationship between health-promoting leadership and workload. With an increase in performance pressure of leaders, the negative impact of health-promoting leadership on nurse workload gradually weakened. In this multilevel mediated moderation model, the mediated moderating effect of performance pressure was significant and the moderating effect was completely mediated, which means that the interaction between health-promoting leadership and performance pressure can affect presenteeism through workload. When leaders were under high performance pressure, the protective effect of health-promoting leadership on workload would be inhibited. These findings contribute to enriching the research on presenteeism, providing insight into how the health development of employees and performance demands of leaders may be balanced, and affording fresh thoughts for effective prevention and treatment of nurse presenteeism.
Salt Marsh Accretion With and Without Deep Soil Subsidence as a Proxy for Sea-Level Rise
Authors: van Dobben Han F. , de Groot Alma V. , Bakker Jan P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe relation between salt marsh accretion and flooding regime was quantified by statistical analysis of a unique dataset of accretion measurements using sedimentation-erosion bars, on three barrier islands in the Dutch Wadden Sea over a period of c. 15 years. On one of the islands, natural gas extraction caused deep soil subsidence, which resulted in gradually increasing flooding frequency, duration, and depth, and can thus be seen as a proxy for sea-level rise. Special attention was paid to effects of small-scale variation e.g., in distance to tidal creeks or marsh edges, elevation of the marsh surface, and presence of livestock. Overall mean accretion rate was 0.44 ± 0.0005 cm year−1, which significantly exceeded the local rate of sea-level rise of 0.25 ± 0.009 cm year−1. A multiple regression approach was used to detect the combined effect of flooding regime and the local environment. The most important flooding-related factors that enhance accretion are mean water depth during flooding and overall mean water depth, but local accretion strongly decreases with increasing distance to the nearest creek or to the salt marsh edge. Mean water depth during flooding can be seen as an indicator for storm intensity, while overall mean water depth is a better indicator for storm frequency. The regression parameters were used to run a simple model simulating the effect of various sea-level scenarios on accretion and show that, even under extreme scenarios of sea-level rise, these salt marshes can probably persist for the next 100 years, although the higher parts may experience more frequent inundation.
Assessing the readiness of small cities in Ghana to tackle overweight and obesity
Authors: Aberman Noora-Lisa , Nisbett Nick , Amoafo Adjoa , Areetey Richmond 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rapid rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the associated health problems, is an emerging challenge in Ghana, and for women in particular. This study contributes to the understanding of this emerging phenomenon in Ghana by analyzing it from a community perspective, applying the Community Readiness Model in two small cities in Ghana. A series of Key Informant Interviews were undertaken and analyzed, using the model’s scoring structure and supplementary textual analysis. We find that communities are aware of overweight and obesity as a health issue, but that it is not prioritized or championed. Furthermore, the diet counseling and keep-fit programs put the responsibility on individuals to address, rather than considering the upstream and structural causes and solutions.
Finite State Graphon Games with Applications to Epidemics
Authors: Aurell Alexander , Carmona René , Dayanıklı Gökçe , Laurière Mathieu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider a game for a continuum of non-identical players evolving on a finite state space. Their heterogeneous interactions are represented with a graphon, which can be viewed as the limit of a dense random graph. A player’s transition rates between the states depend on their control and the strength of interaction with the other players. We develop a rigorous mathematical framework for the game and analyze Nash equilibria. We provide a sufficient condition for a Nash equilibrium and prove existence of solutions to a continuum of fully coupled forward-backward ordinary differential equations characterizing Nash equilibria. Moreover, we propose a numerical approach based on machine learning methods and we present experimental results on different applications to compartmental models in epidemiology.
Exosomal targeting and its potential clinical application
Authors: He Jiao , Ren Weihong , Wang Wei , Han Wenyan , Jiang Lu , Zhang Dai , Guo Mengqi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by a variety of living cells, which have a certain degree of natural targeting as nano-carriers. Almost all exosomes released by cells will eventually enter the blood circulation or be absorbed by other cells. Under the action of content sorting mechanism, some specific surface molecules can be expressed on the surface of exosomes, such as tetraspanins protein and integrin. To some extent, these specific surface molecules can fuse with specific cells, so that exosomes show specific cell natural targeting. In recent years, exosomes have become a drug delivery system with low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility and high efficacy. Nucleic acids, polypeptides, lipids, or small molecule drugs with therapeutic function are organically loaded into exosomes, and then transported to specific types of cells or tissues in vivo, especially tumor tissues, to achieve targeting drug delivery. The natural targeting of exosome has been found and recognized in some studies, but there are still many challenges in effective clinical treatments. The use of the natural targeting of exosomes alone is incapable of accurately transporting the goods loaded to specific sites. Besides, the natural targeting of exosomes is still an open question in disease targeting and efficient gene/chemotherapy combined therapy. Engineering transformation and modification on exosomes can optimize its natural targeting and deliver the goods to a specific location, providing wide use in clinical treatment. This review summarizes the research progress of exosomal natural targeting and transformation strategy of obtained targeting after transformation. The mechanism of natural targeting and obtained targeting after transformation are also reviewed. The potential value of exosomal targeting in clinical application is also discussed.
Graphical abstract
Biodegradable nanoparticles combining cancer cell targeting and anti-angiogenic activity for synergistic chemotherapy in epithelial cancer
Authors: Moret Francesca , Conte Claudia , Esposito Diletta , Dal Poggetto Giovanni , Avitabile Concetta , Ungaro Francesca , Tiso Natascia , Romanelli Alessandra , Laurienzo Paola , Reddi Elena , Quaglia Fabiana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA biodegradable engineered nanoplatform combining anti-angiogenic activity and targeting of cancer cells to improve the anticancer activity of docetaxel (DTX) is here proposed. Indeed, we have developed biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone), exposing on the surface both folate motifs (Fol) for recognition in cells overexpressing Folate receptor-α (FRα) and the anti-angiogenic hexapeptide aFLT1. NPs showed a size around 100 nm, the exposure of 60% of Fol moieties on the surface, and the ability to entrap DTX and sustain its release with time. NPs were stable in simulated biological fluids and slightly interacted with Fetal Bovine serum, especially in the formulation decorated with Fol and aFLT1. The presence of Fol on NPs did not impair the anti-angiogenic activity of aFLT1, as assessed by in vitro tube formation assay in HUVEC endothelial cells. In both 2D and 3D KB cell cultures in vitro, the cytotoxicity of DTX loaded in NPs was not significantly affected by Fol/aFLT1 double decoration compared to free DTX. Remarkably, NPs distributed differently in 3D multicellular spheroids of FRα-positive KB cancer cells depending on the type of ligand displayed on the surface. In particular, NPs unmodified on the surface were randomly distributed in the spheroid, whereas the presence of Fol promoted the accumulation in the outer rims of the spheroid. Finally, NPs with Fol and aFLT1 gave a uniform distribution throughout the spheroid structure. When tested in zebrafish embryos xenografted with KB cells, NPs displaying Fol/aFLT1 reduced DTX systemic toxicity and inhibited the growth of the tumor mass and associated vasculature synergistically. Overall, nanotechnology offers excellent ground for combining therapeutic concepts in cancer, paving the way to novel multifunctional nanopharmaceuticals decorated with bioactive elements that can significantly improve therapeutic outcomes.
Graphical abstract
Dismantling white supremacy in environmental studies and sciences: an argument for anti-racist and decolonizing pedagogies
Authors: Bratman Eve Z. , DeLince William P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany academic disciplines are presently striving to reveal and dismantle structures of domination by working to reform and reimagine their curricula, and the ethics and values that underpin classroom settings. This trend is impelled by momentum from the Black Lives Matter movement in tandem with a worldwide call from Indigenous scholars and their allies for more equality in research and epistemological plurality. We contribute to such efforts through applying perspective and analysis concerning anti-racist and decolonized approaches to teaching environmental studies and sciences (ESS). This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of embracing a decolonized and anti-racist approach with an emphasis on courses in higher education in North America. We conclude with guidance for educators about strategies for incorporating such approaches.
Isolation of High Purity Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Depleting Macrophages Using Liposomal Clodronate
Authors: Song Ju Han , Kim Jung-Woo , Lee Mi Nam , Oh Sin-Hye , Piao Xianyu , Wang Zhao , Kwon Seung-Hee , Kim Ok-Su , Koh Jeong-Tae 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
The use of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) represents a promising strategy for performing preclinical studies in the field of cell-based regenerative medicine; however, mBMSCs obtained via conventional isolation methods have two drawbacks, i.e., (i) they are heterogeneous due to frequent macrophage contamination, and (ii) they require long-term culturing for expansion.

METHODS:
In the present study, we report a novel strategy to generate highly pure mBMSCs using liposomal clodronate. This approach is based on the properties of the two cell populations, i.e., BMSCs (to adhere to the plasticware in culture dishes) and macrophages (to phagocytose liposomes).

RESULTS:
Liposomal clodronate added during the first passage of whole bone marrow culture was selectively engulfed by macrophages in the heterogeneous cell population, resulting in their effective elimination without affecting the MSCs. This method allowed the generation of numerous high-purity Sca-1+CD44+F4/80− mBMSCs (> 95%) with just one passaging. Comparative studies with mBMSCs obtained using conventional methods revealed that the mBMSCs obtained in the present study had remarkably improved experimental utilities, as demonstrated by in vitro multilineage differentiation and in vivo ectopic bone formation assays.

CONCLUSION:
Our newly developed method, which enables the isolation of mBMSCs using simple and convenient protocol, will aid preclinical studies based on the use of MSCs.
Implicit Racial Attitudes and Associations Among Obstetricians in Hawaiʻi: a Pilot Study
Authors: Delafield Rebecca , Hermosura Andrea , Ahn Hyeong Jun , Kaholokula Joseph Keaweʻaimoku 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Pacific Islanders living in Hawai‘i with ancestral ties to islands in the western Pacific region of Micronesia are common targets of uninhibited forms of prejudice in multiple sectors, including healthcare. Whether the explicit societal-level attitudes toward this group are reflected in implicit attitudes among healthcare providers is unknown; therefore, we designed a pilot study to investigate this question. Our study measures implicit racial bias toward Pacific Islanders from Micronesia among Obstetrician-Gynecologists (OB-GYNs) in Hawai‘i.

Methods
We developed 4 new implicit association tests (IATs) to measure implicit attitudes and associations (i.e., stereotypes) toward Pacific Islanders from Micronesia in 2 conditions: (1) Micronesians vs. Whites and (2) Micronesians vs. Japanese Americans. Participants were practicing OB-GYNs in Hawai‘i. The study was conducted online and included survey questions on demographic and physician practice characteristics in addition to IATs. The primary outcome was the mean IAT D score. Associations between IAT D scores and demographic and practice characteristics were also analyzed.

Results
Of the 49 OB-GYNs, 38 (77.6%) were female, mean age was 40 years, 29.5% were Japanese, 22.7% were White, and none were from a Micronesian ethnic group. The mean IAT D score in the Micronesian vs. White condition (N = 29) was 0.181, (SD: 0.465, p < 0.05) for the Attitude IAT and 0.197 (SD: 0.427; p < 0.05) for the Stereotype IAT.

Conclusion
The findings from this pilot suggest a slight degree of implicit bias favoring Whites over Micronesians within this sample of OB-GYNs and warrant a larger investigation into implicit biases toward this unique and understudied Pacific Islander population.
Long-term high-dose l-arginine supplementation in patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Menafra D. , de Angelis C. , Garifalos F. , Mazzella M. , Galdiero G. , Piscopo M. , Castoro M. , Verde N. , Pivonello C. , Simeoli C. , Auriemma R. S. , Colao A. , Pivonello R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial addressed the effects on penile erectile function of relatively high daily oral doses (6 g/day) of l-ARG for 3 months (N = 51) compared to placebo (N = 47), in patients with vasculogenic ED, with comparison between mild–moderate and severe vasculogenic ED.

Methods
The outcome measures included IIEF-6 score and cavernous arteries peak systolic flow velocity (PSV) at dynamic penile duplex ultrasonography (PDU).

Results
l-ARG supplementation for 3 months significantly increased IIEF-6 score in the overall cohort (p < 0.0001) and in subgroups of patients with mild–moderate (p < 0.0001) and severe (p = 0.007) vasculogenic ED; PSV was significantly increased in the overall cohort (p < 0.0001) and in patients with mild–moderate (p < 0.0001), but not severe vasculogenic ED. At study completion, 74% of patients improved ED degree category, although only 24% of patients, mainly belonging to the baseline category of mild ED, reached IIEF-6 scores compatible with absence of ED; moreover, 20% of patients, exclusively belonging to the baseline category of mild–moderate vasculogenic ED, reached PSV values compatible with absence of ED.

Conclusion
The results of the current study demonstrated that supplementation with relatively high doses of l-ARG as a single compound for 3 months significantly improved penile erectile function, assessed by both IIEF-6 score and PSV at dynamic PDU in patients with mild–moderate, and improved IIEF-6 score, but not PSV, in patients with severe vasculogenic ED, therefore suggesting that l-ARG might be an alternative treatment in mild–moderate vasculogenic ED patients experiencing adverse effects or with contraindications for chronic treatment with PDE5i compounds.
An accurate star identification approach based on spectral graph matching for attitude measurement of spacecraft
Authors: You Zhiyuan , Li Junzheng , Zhang Hongcheng , Yang Bo , Le Xinyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStar identification is the foundation of star trackers, which are used to precisely determine the attitude of spacecraft. In this paper, we propose a novel star identification approach based on spectral graph matching. In the proposed approach, we construct a feature called the neighbor graph for each main star, transforming the star identification to the problem of finding the most similar neighbor graph. Then the rough search and graph matching are cooperated to form a dynamic search framework to solve the problem. In the rough search stage, the total edge weight in the minimum spanning tree of the neighbor graph is selected as an indicator, then the k-vector range search is applied for reducing the search scale. Spectral graph matching is utilized to achieve global matching, identifying all stars in the neighbor circle with good noise-tolerance ability. Extensive simulation experiments under the position noise, lost-star noise, and fake-star noise show that our approach achieves higher accuracy (mostly over 99%) and better robustness results compared with other baseline algorithms in most cases.
Multiobjective multitasking optimization assisted by multidirectional prediction method
Authors: Dang Qianlong , Gao Weifeng , Gong Maoguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiobjective multitasking optimization (MTO) is an emerging research topic in the field of evolutionary computation, which has attracted extensive attention, and many evolutionary multitasking (EMT) algorithms have been proposed. One of the core issues, designing an efficient transfer strategy, has been scarcely explored. Keeping this in mind, this paper is the first attempt to design an efficient transfer strategy based on multidirectional prediction method. Specifically, the population is divided into multiple classes by the binary clustering method, and the representative point of each class is calculated. Then, an effective prediction direction method is developed to generate multiple prediction directions by representative points. Afterward, a mutation strength adaptation method is proposed according to the improvement degree of each class. Finally, the predictive transferred solutions are generated as transfer knowledge by the prediction directions and mutation strengths. By the above process, a multiobjective EMT algorithm based on multidirectional prediction method is presented. Experiments on two MTO test suits indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective and competitive to other state-of-the-art EMT algorithms.