bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the number of deaths averted from 2008 to 2020 within the Ethiopian CMAM programme
Authors: Laillou Arnaud , Baye Kaleab , Guerrero Oteyza Saul I. , Abebe Frezer , Daniel Tewoldeberha , Getahun Banchiliyew , Chitekwe Stanley 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe management of wasting in Ethiopia is heavily reliant on the Community‐based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) programme that has been implemented in more than 18,000 service delivery points scattered across the country. Despite the full‐scale implementation of the CMAM, the number of child death averted, and the cost per child death averted remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate the cost and the number of child death averted by the CMAM programme between 2008 and 2020. Using data from routine monitoring of the CMAM programme, we estimated the excess mortality averted by the programme and estimated the cost per averted child death based on supply and labour. Over the past 13 years between 2008 and 2020, 3.6 million children under 5 years were admitted to the Ethiopian CMAM programme. The yearly average admission of 317,228 was achieved since 2011. On average, ~34,000 child deaths were averted yearly. The CMAM programme was estimated to have saved 437,654 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 320,161; 469,932) child deaths between 2008 and 2020, approximately 12% of the admitted cases. The average cost of the programme per adverted death was estimated at US$762/child death averted (95% CI = 639; 1001). The CMAM programme in Ethiopia is cost‐effective and has continued to avert a significant number of child death. Given the high short‐ and long‐term economic and health consequences of child wasting, concerted multi‐sectoral efforts are needed to accelerate progress not only in its treatment but also in its prevention.
Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for obesity in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review
Authors: Salem Victoria , AlHusseini Noara , Abdul Razack Habeeb Ibrahim , Naoum Anastasia , Sims Omar T. , Alqahtani Saleh A. 
Published: March 2022

SummarySaudi Arabia (SA) has a reported obesity prevalence greater than the global average. Here, we systematically review firstly the prevalence and associated factors (59 studies) and secondly the pharmacological, lifestyle, and surgical interventions for obesity (body mass index, >30 kg/m2) in SA (29 studies) between December 2020 and March 2021 in PubMed, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane. Peer‐reviewed articles in Arabic and English on human adults (aged >18 years) were searched. Among the eight largest studies with sample sizes over 10,000 people, the maximum‐reported obesity prevalence was 35.6%, with notable variations in gender and geographic region. Diet, specifically the move towards Western diet and heavy consumption of sugary beverages, and high levels of inactivity are major contributing factors to obesity. The reported obesity‐risk polymorphisms are not specific. Bariatric surgery is underrepresented, and in general, there is a lack of nationally coordinated studies on weight loss interventions. In particular, the systematic review did not find a body of research on psychological interventions. There is no trial data for the use of GLP‐1 analogs in SA, despite their widespread use. These findings can help policymakers, and practitioners prioritize future research efforts to reduce obesity prevalence in SA.
The medical profile of patients accessing emergency dental care: A comparative study
Authors: Gray Emma , Hedayat‐Kelishadi Melika , Rowe Sally , Dave Manas , Patel Neil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs the life expectancy of the general population increases, the proportion of patients living with comorbidities and retaining their natural dentition will also increase. Therefore, the medical profile of patients is postulated to change with time.AimThe aim was to explore the changes in medical profiles of adult patients attending a University Dental Hospital for emergency dental care and scheduled oral surgery appointments compared to data from 9 years previously.MethodsData from 400 systematically sampled adult patients booked in for either emergency or oral surgery appointments between 1 October 2020 and 16 October 2020 were retrospectively recorded.ResultsFrom the 400 patients sampled, 67% (n = 267) had a single medical condition and 34% (n = 135) had more than one medical condition. This represented a respective increase of 34% and 11% from our study in 2011–2012. Cardiovascular, psychiatric and respiratory diseases were the most common presenting conditions. Sixty‐three percent of patients were taking a prescribed medication (increased by 29%) with the most common being antihypertensives, proton‐pump inhibitors/antacids and antidepressants.ConclusionThere is an increase in patients presenting with medical conditions and medications. The results from this study can be used to develop courses and inform the undergraduate curriculum.
Successful percutaneous extraction of malpositioned pacemaker lead in the left ventricle after proper dabigatran treatment
Authors: Farouq Maiwand , Borgquist Rasmus , Brandt Johan , Mörtsell David , Wang Lingwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMalpositioned pacemaker lead in the left ventricle (LV) is a rare procedural complication, which causes a special risk of thromboembolic events. Hence, prompt identification and early management of misplaced leads inside the LV is critical. Herein, we present a case of malpositioned pacemaker lead with transient ischemic attacks after the pacemaker implantation. The misplaced ventricular lead was discovered during regular echocardiography. Both leads were extracted percutaneously after dabigatran treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of uncomplicated percutaneous extraction of an inadvertently placed LV lead after dabigatran treatment. No neurologic events during a follow‐up of 4 years.
Prospects of telomere‐to‐telomere assembly in barley: Analysis of sequence gaps in the MorexV3 reference genome
Authors: Navrátilová Pavla , Toegelová Helena , Tulpová Zuzana , Kuo Yi‐Tzu , Stein Nils , Doležel Jaroslav , Houben Andreas , Šimková Hana , Mascher Martin 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe first gapless, telomere‐to‐telomere (T2T) sequence assemblies of plant chromosomes were reported recently. However, sequence assemblies of most plant genomes remain fragmented. Only recent breakthroughs in accurate long‐read sequencing have made it possible to achieve highly contiguous sequence assemblies with a few tens of contigs per chromosome, that is a number small enough to allow for a systematic inquiry into the causes of the remaining sequence gaps and the approaches and resources needed to close them. Here, we analyse sequence gaps in the current reference genome sequence of barley cv. Morex (MorexV3). Optical map and sequence raw data, complemented by ChIP‐seq data for centromeric histone variant CENH3, were used to estimate the abundance of centromeric, ribosomal DNA, and subtelomeric repeats in the barley genome. These estimates were compared with copy numbers in the MorexV3 pseudomolecule sequence. We found that almost all centromeric sequences and 45S ribosomal DNA repeat arrays were absent from the MorexV3 pseudomolecules and that the majority of sequence gaps can be attributed to assembly breakdown in long stretches of satellite repeats. However, missing sequences cannot fully account for the difference between assembly size and flow cytometric genome size estimates. We discuss the prospects of gap closure with ultra‐long sequence reads.
Who are “we”?: Animalism and conjoined twins
Authors: Francescotti Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVarious cases of conjoined twinning have been presented as problems for the animalist view that we are animals. In some actual and possible cases of human dicephalus that have been discussed in the literature, it is arguable that there are two persons but only one human animal. It is also tempting to believe that there are two persons and one animal in possible instances of craniopagus parasiticus that have been described. Here it is argued that the animalist can admit that these are cases in which human persons are not animals, without forfeiting the title “animalist.” It is also shown that this is not only an option but also a well‐motivated and plausible option for the animalist. Seeing this requires getting clear on what the word “we” should be thought to include in the animalist's claim that we are animals. Here animalism is defended against twinning objections by figuring out how to view the scope of the animalist's identity claim.
Dynamic correlation between crude oil and agricultural futures markets
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Yan Bo , Kang Hanwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the relationship between agricultural commodities and crude oil has become increasingly close with the promotion of biofuel policies. This study examines the dynamic correlation between global crude oil futures and seven agricultural commodity futures by applying the consistent dynamic conditional correlation and dynamic equicorrelation models. The empirical results show that the dynamic correlation between the global crude oil futures market and China's agricultural futures market is weak compared to the global agricultural futures market. In particular, soybean oil has the strongest correlation with crude oil, while Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) corn and Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange wheat have the weakest correlation with crude oil. There is an indirect linkage between crude oil futures and DCE soybean meal and DCE soybean oil. Moreover, the dynamic correlation between crude oil and agricultural commodities increased during the financial crisis, the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) epidemic, and the crude oil crash crisis. Brent crude oil has a stronger co‐movement with China's agricultural commodities than West Texas Intermediate crude oil and can better hedge the risk of agricultural commodities. The findings of this study provide some insights into the contagion risk management of crude oil futures and agricultural futures markets.
Secure Big Data Collection and Processing: Framework, Means and Opportunities
Authors: Zhang Li-Chun , Haraldsen Gustav 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStatistical disclosure control is important for the dissemination of statistical outputs. There is an increasing need for greater confidentiality protection during data collection and processing by National Statistical Offices. In particular, various transactions and remote sensing signals are examples of useful but very detailed big data that can be highly sensitive. Moreover, possible conflicts of interest may arise for data suppliers who operate commercially. In this paper, we formulate statistical disclosure control for data collection and processing as an optimisation problem. Even when it is difficult to specify and solve the problem unequivocally, the formulation can still provide the basis for comparing different disclosure control methods. We develop a general compartmented system that adapts and implements non-perturbative methods in the related fields of linking sensitive data and secure computation. We illustrate how the system can be configured to yield variously required tables and microdata sets with sufficiently low disclosure risks.
Zero-State Coupled Markov Switching Count Models for Spatio-Temporal Infectious Disease Spread
Authors: Douwes-Schultz Dirk , Schmidt Alexandra M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpatio-temporal counts of infectious disease cases often contain an excess of zeros. With existing zero-inflated count models applied to such data it is difficult to quantify space-time heterogeneity in the effects of disease spread between areas. Also, existing methods do not allow for separate dynamics to affect the reemergence and persistence of the disease. As an alternative, we develop a new zero-state coupled Markov switching negative binomial model, under which the disease switches between periods of presence and absence in each area through a series of partially hidden nonhomogeneous Markov chains coupled between neighbouring locations. When the disease is present, an autoregressive negative binomial model generates the cases with a possible zero representing the disease being undetected. Bayesian inference and prediction is illustrated using spatio-temporal counts of dengue fever cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
´You are not yourself anymore´: The place of the ethical demand in a practical home care context
Authors: Jakobsen Lena M. , Lind Ranveig 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study's rationaleThe Scandinavian nursing tradition is based on caring science as the ontological backdrop. This means that meeting the patient with openness and respect is essential in care. The experiences of an elderly woman receiving home nursing provide insight into a world many healthcare workers need to understand; meaning what is important in the encounter with the fragile old patient whose voice is not often heard in the society nor in research. Caring science with its person‐oriented care clashes with the New Public Management's ideal for municipal health care in Norway, at the expense of the needs of the elderly patients.Aims and objectivesThis article aims to express the phenomenon of lived experience as presented by an elderly woman, more specifically her experience of care in home nursing run according to the principles of new public management.Methodological designThe article is based on an empirical narrative in the form of an individual qualitative research interview.FindingsThe patient has needs that cannot be defined without the nurse having an ethical understanding of what may be important in the patient´s lifeworld. The core findings are: Feeling disregarded as a human being, Broken agreements, Surrendering in anonymous relationships and Each day is a different day with altered needs.ConclusionThe system of New Public Management sets a strain on the time at hand for the nurse to develop a relationship that acknowledges and supports the patient´s life courage. The ethical demand and care ethics can explain how the patient´s will to live can be preserved, and provide knowledge of how the caregiver can best attend to the patient's ways of expressing what is important to her. Nevertheless, within the time at disposal, the nurse has an opportunity to either marginalize or strengthen the old person´s dignity.
Application of minority stress and the interpersonal theory of suicide in bisexual+ versus gay/lesbian young adults
Authors: Chang Cindy J. , Feinstein Brian A. , Chu Brian C. , Selby Edward A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionSexual minority young adults are at increased risk for suicidal ideation (SI) compared with heterosexual young adults. Though several frameworks exist to explain the development of suicide risk, including the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) and the Minority Stress Model, few studies have examined these frameworks simultaneously. This study examines these frameworks longitudinally among sexual minority young adults.MethodsA total of 792 sexual minority young adults (50% bisexual+, 50% gay/lesbian) completed an online survey at baseline, one‐month follow‐up, and two‐month follow‐up assessing constructs related to IPTS, the minority stress model, and SI.ResultsOver half of our sample (52.9%) reported any SI at baseline. In the full sample, all types of minority stress at baseline were significantly associated with SI at two‐month follow‐up via perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB) at one‐month follow‐up. In the bisexual+ subsample, all bisexual‐specific minority stressors at baseline were significantly associated with SI at two‐month follow‐up via PB at one‐month follow‐up; internalized binegativity was also associated with SI via TB. However, effects became non‐significant when controlling for previous levels of the mediators and outcome variables.ConclusionBoth minority stress and IPTS are relevant for understanding suicide risk among sexual minority young adults.
Female genital mutilation and cutting in the Arab League and diaspora: A systematic review of preventive interventions
Authors: Abidogun Tolulope M. , Alyssa Ramnarine Leah , Fouladi Negin , Owens Janine , Abusalih Howeida H. , Bernstein Joshua , Aboul‐Enein Basil H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesFemale Genital Mutilation and Cutting (FGM/C) is an act of gender‐based violence (GBV) and a global public health issue with well‐documented adverse outcomes. With the rise in global migration, there is an increasing prevalence of FGM/C among Arab diaspora living in the West and Global South. What remains unclear is how to reduce the practice. This study was designed to identify interventions exerting an effect on reducing the practice of FGM/C.MethodsA systematic review of peer‐reviewed articles was conducted on interventions targeting individuals and/or the broader community to prevent FGM/C within the Arab League and its diaspora, up to December 2021. Databases searched included PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, BIOSIS, ASSIA and Scopus. Quality assessment used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018.ResultsTwelve of 896 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight interventions relied entirely on education with short‐term gains but unchanged practices. Three interventions used social marketing and mixed media. Only one study took a multi‐sectoral approach.ConclusionsAt a macro level, opportunities to reduce or to end the practice of FGM/C exist through legislation, policy, a public health approach grounded in gender equality and human rights. Using multi‐sectoral actions that consider the social context and challenge social norms at macro, meso and micro levels appears more effective than individual‐level interventions. Promoting advocacy and developing supportive environments to reduce GBV, enhance gender equality and empower communities is crucial for interventions to succeed and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal target of FGM/C abandonment by 2030.
Procarbazine, prednisolone and cyclophosphamide oral combination chemotherapy protocol for canine lymphoma
Authors: O'Connell Kathleen , Thomson Maurine , Morgan Elizabeth , Henning Joerg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrally administered daily chemotherapy offers a novel treatment approach for canine lymphoma in a population of dogs that have failed or not tolerated maximum tolerable dose chemotherapy. A multidrug oral chemotherapy protocol was designed and implemented for the treatment of 50 dogs with multicentric lymphoma with minimal side effects. The protocol consisted of oral procarbazine, prednisolone and cyclophosphamide (PPC) administered daily. Efficacy and toxicity were evaluated by clinical and laboratory evaluation. An overall response rate of 70% was achieved, with 24% and 46% of dogs having a partial and complete response, respectively, to treatment with the PPC protocol. Response to the PPC protocol (complete or partial) and age were the only factors identified as prognostic for time from initiation of the PPC chemotherapy until death. Overall, the protocol was very well tolerated with only one dog requiring protocol discontinuation due to grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Eight dogs recorded gastrointestinal toxicities, seven grade I and one grade II toxicity. These findings demonstrate that the administration of a continuous oral combination chemotherapy can provide comparable survival times in the rescue setting in dogs with multicentric lymphoma with minimal side effects.
Validation of ultrasonography for measurement of cartilage thickness in the equine carpus
Authors: Andersen Camilla , Griffin John F. , Jacobsen Stine , Østergaard Stine , Walters Marie , Mori Yuki , Lindegaard Casper 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArticular cartilage thinning is an important hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), and ultrasonography (US) is a clinically accessible tool potentially suitable for repeated evaluation. The aim of the present prospective methods comparison study was to validate US as a tool for measuring cartilage thickness in the carpus of the horse. Eight Standardbred trotters underwent US examination with 9 and 15 MHz linear transducers. Six anatomical locations in the radiocarpal joint (RCJ) and middle carpal joint (MCJ) were examined. The same joints were assessed by ultrahigh field (9.4 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology. Associations between measurements obtained by the different modalities were assessed by ANOVA, Deming regression, Pearson correlation and Bland–Altman plots. Histologically assessed total cartilage thickness (the noncalcified cartilage (NCC) plus the calcified cartilage zone (CCZ)) overestimated thickness compared to MRI (P < 0.01) and US (P < 0.01). US 15 MHz had substantial agreement with MRI and NCC histology, and repeatability was acceptable (coefficient of variation = 8.6–17.9%) when used for assessment of cartilage thickness in the RCJ. In contrast, 9 MHz US showed poorer agreement with MRI and NCC histology, as it overestimated the thickness of thin cartilage and underestimated the thickness of thicker cartilage in the RCJ and MCJ. Moreover, repeatability was suboptimal (coefficient of variation = 10.4–26.3%). A 15 MHz transducer US is recommended for detecting changes in RCJ cartilage thickness or monitoring development over time, and it has the potential for noninvasive assessment of cartilage health in horses.
Activation of LH GABAergic inputs counteracts fasting‐induced changes in tVTA/RMTG neurons
Authors: Godfrey Nathan , Qiao Min , Borgland Stephanie L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are strongly innervated by GABAergic neurons in the ‘tail of the VTA’ (tVTA), also known as the rostralmedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg). Disinhibition of dopamine neurons through firing of the GABAergic neurons projecting from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) leads to reward seeking and consumption through dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. VTA dopamine neurons respond to changes in motivational state, yet less is known about whether tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons or the LH GABAergic neurons that project to them are also affected by changes in motivational state, such as fasting. An acute 16 h overnight fast decreased the excitability of tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons of male and female mice. In addition, fasting decreased synaptic strength at LH GABA to tVTA/RMTg GABAergic synapses, indicated by reduced amplitude of optically evoked currents, decreased readily releasable pool (RRP) size and replenishment. Optical stimulation of LH GABA terminals suppressed evoked action potentials of tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons in unfasted mice, but this effect decreased following fasting. Furthermore, during fasting, LH GABA inputs to tVTA/RMTg neurons maintained functional connectivity during depolarization, as depolarization block was reduced following fasting. Taken together, inhibitory synaptic transmission from LH GABA inputs onto tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons decreases following fasting; however, ability to functionally inhibit tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons is preserved, allowing for possible disinhibition of dopamine neurons and subsequent foraging.Key points
While dopamine neuronal activity changes with motivational state, it is unknown if fasting influences tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons, a major inhibitory input to ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons.
In unfasted mice, there were sex differences in inhibitory synaptic transmission onto tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons.
Activation of lateral hypothalamus (LH) GABAergic neurons decreases firing of tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons through a monosynaptic input.
An acute fast decreases the excitability of tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons.
An acute fast decreases inhibitory synaptic transmission of the LH GABA input to tVTA/RMTg GABAergic neurons in both male and female mice.