bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Everyday capabilities were a path to resilience during COVID-19: a case study of five countries
Authors: Neill Rachel , Neel Abigail H , Cardona Carolina , Bishai David , Gupta Shivam , Mohan Diwakar , Jain Nishant , Basu Sharmishtha , Closser Svea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 demanded urgent responses by all countries, with wide variations in the scope and sustainability of those responses. Scholarship on resilience has increasingly emphasized relational considerations such as norms and power and how they influence health systems’ responses to evolving challenges. In this study, we explored what influenced countries’ national pandemic responses over time considering a country’s capacity to test for COVID-19. To identify countries for inclusion, we used daily reports of COVID-19 cases and testing from 184 countries between 21st January 2020 and 31st December 2020. Countries reporting test data consistently and for at least 105 days were included, yielding a sample of 52 countries. We then sampled five countries representing different geographies, income levels and governance structures (Belgium, Ethiopia, India, Israel and Peru) and conducted semi-structured key informant interviews with stakeholders working in, or deeply familiar with, national responses. Across these five countries, we found that existing health systems capacities and political leadership determined how responses unfolded, while emergency plans or pandemic preparedness documents were not fit-for-purpose. While all five countries were successful at reducing COVID-19 infections at a specific moment in the pandemic, political economy factors complicated the ability to sustain responses, with all countries experiencing larger waves of the virus in 2021 or 2022. Our findings emphasize the continued importance of foundational public health and health systems capacities, bolstered by clear leadership and multisectoral coordination functions. Even in settings with high-level political leadership and a strong multisectoral response, informants wished that they—and their country’s health system—were more prepared to address the pandemic and maintain an effective response over time. Our findings challenge emergency preparedness as the dominant frame in pandemic preparedness and call for a continued emphasis on health systems strengthening to respond to future health shocks and a pandemic moving to endemic status.
Young adults’ knowledge, perceptions and use of cannabidiol products: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Wysota Christina N , Le Daisy , Clausen Michelle Elise , Ciceron Annie Coriolan , Fuss Caroline , Bennett Breesa , Romm Katelyn F , Duan Zongshuan , Berg Carla J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) product regulatory efforts must be informed by research regarding consumer perceptions. This mixed-methods study examined CBD product information sources, knowledge, perceptions, use and use intentions among young adults. This study analyzed (i) Fall 2020 survey data from 2464 US young adults (Mage = 24.67, 51.4% ever users, 32.0% past 6-month users) and (ii) Spring 2021 qualitative interviews among 40 survey participants (27.5% past-month users). Overall, 97.9% of survey participants reported having heard of CBD, 51.4% ever/lifetime use and 32.0% past 6-month use. Survey participants learned about CBD from friends/family (58.9%), products/ads at retailers (36.4%), online content/ads (34.8%), CBD stores (27.5%) and social media (26.7%). One-fourth believed that CBD products were required to be US Food and Drug Administration-approved (24.9%), tested for safety (28.8%) and proven effective to be marketed for pain, anxiety, sleep, etc. (27.2%). Survey and interview participants perceived CBD as safe, socially acceptable and effective for addressing pain, anxiety and sleep. Interview findings expanded on prominent sources of marketing and product exposure, including online and specialty retailers (e.g. vape shops), and on participants’ concerns regarding limited regulation and/or evidence regarding CBD’s effectiveness/risks. Given young adults’ misperceptions about CBD, surveillance of CBD knowledge, perceptions and use is critical as the CBD market expands.
Diploid chromosome-level reference genome and population genomic analyses provide insights into Gypenoside biosynthesis and demographic evolution of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhao Yuhe , Kou Yixuan , Chen Xiaodan , Yang Jia , Zhang Hao , Zhao Zhe , Zhao Yuemei , Zhao Guifang , Li Zhonghu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino is a perennial creeping herbaceous plant in the family Cucurbitaceae, which has great medicinal value and commercial potential, but urgent conservation efforts are needed due to the gradual decreases and fragmented distribution of its wild populations. Here, we report the high-quality diploid chromosome-level genome of G. pentaphyllum obtained using a combination of next-generation sequencing short reads, Nanopore long reads, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The genome is anchored to 11 pseudo-chromosomes with a total size of 608.95 Mb and 26 588 predicted genes. Comparative genomic analyses indicate that G. pentaphyllum is estimated to have diverged from Momordica charantia 60.7 million years ago, with no recent whole-genome duplication event. Genomic population analyses based on genotyping-by-sequencing and ecological niche analyses indicated low genetic diversity but a strong population structure within the species, which could classify 32 G. pentaphyllum populations into three geographical groups shaped jointly by geographic and climate factors. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analyses showed that the genes encoding enzyme involved in gypenoside biosynthesis had higher expression levels in the leaves and tendrils. Overall, the findings obtained in this study provide an effective molecular basis for further studies of demographic genetics, ecological adaption, and systematic evolution in Cucurbitaceae species, as well as contributing to molecular breeding, and the biosynthesis and biotransformation of gypenoside.
Borrowing strength from clinical trials in analysing longitudinal data from a treated cohort: investigating the effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the management of dementia
Authors: Knight Ruth , Stewart Robert , Khondoker Mizanur , Landau Sabine 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Health care professionals seek information about effectiveness of treatments in patients who would be offered them in routine clinical practice. Electronic medical records (EMRs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can both provide data on treatment effects; however, each data source has limitations when considered in isolation.

Methods
A novel modelling methodology which incorporates RCT estimates in the analysis of EMR data via informative prior distributions is proposed. A Bayesian mixed modelling approach is used to model outcome trajectories among patients in the EMR dataset receiving the treatment of interest. This model incorporates an estimate of treatment effect based on a meta-analysis of RCTs as an informative prior distribution. This provides a combined estimate of treatment effect based on both data sources.

Results
The superior performance of the novel combined estimator is demonstrated via a simulation study. The new approach is applied to estimate the effectiveness at 12 months after treatment initiation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the management of the cognitive symptoms of dementia in terms of Mini-Mental State Examination scores. This demonstrated that estimates based on either trials data only (1.10, SE = 0.316) or cohort data only (1.56, SE = 0.240) overestimated this compared with the estimate using data from both sources (0.86, SE = 0.327).

Conclusions
It is possible to combine data from EMRs and RCTs in order to provide better estimates of treatment effectiveness.
Validating a membership disclosure metric for synthetic health data
Authors: El Emam Khaled , Mosquera Lucy , Fang Xi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
One of the increasingly accepted methods to evaluate the privacy of synthetic data is by measuring the risk of membership disclosure. This is a measure of the F1 accuracy that an adversary would correctly ascertain that a target individual from the same population as the real data is in the dataset used to train the generative model, and is commonly estimated using a data partitioning methodology with a 0.5 partitioning parameter.

Objective
Validate the membership disclosure F1 score, evaluate and improve the parametrization of the partitioning method, and provide a benchmark for its interpretation.

Materials and methods
We performed a simulated membership disclosure attack on 4 population datasets: an Ontario COVID-19 dataset, a state hospital discharge dataset, a national health survey, and an international COVID-19 behavioral survey. Two generative methods were evaluated: sequential synthesis and a generative adversarial network. A theoretical analysis and a simulation were used to determine the correct partitioning parameter that would give the same F1 score as a ground truth simulated membership disclosure attack.

Results
The default 0.5 parameter can give quite inaccurate membership disclosure values. The proportion of records from the training dataset in the attack dataset must be equal to the sampling fraction of the real dataset from the population. The approach is demonstrated on 7 clinical trial datasets.

Conclusions
Our proposed parameterization, as well as interpretation and generative model training guidance provide a theoretically and empirically grounded basis for evaluating and managing membership disclosure risk for synthetic data.
Setting the Standard: Using the ABA Burn Registry to Benchmark Risk Adjusted Mortality
Authors: Mandell Samuel P , Phillips Matthew H , Higginson Sara , Hoarle Kimberly , Hsu Naiwei , Phillips Bart , Thompson Callie , Weber Joan M , Weichmann-Murata Erica , Bessey Palmer Q 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReports of single center experience and studies of larger databases have identified several predictors of burn center mortality, including age, burn size, and inhalation injury. None of these analyses has been broad enough to allow benchmarking across burn centers. The purpose of this study was to derive a reliable, risk-adjusted, statistical model of mortality based on real-life experience at many burn centers in the U.S. We used the American Burn Association 2020 Full Burn Research Dataset, from the Burn Center Quality Platform (BCQP) to identify 130,729 subjects from July 2015 through June 2020 across 103 unique burn centers. We selected 22 predictor variables, from over 50 recorded in the dataset, based on completeness (at least 75% complete required) and clinical significance. We used gradient-boosted regression, a form of machine learning, to predict mortality and compared this to traditional logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated with AUC and PR curves. The CatBoost model achieved a test AUC of 0.980 with an average precision of 0.800. The logistic regression produced an AUC of 0.951 with an average precision of 0.664. While AUC, the measure most reported in the literature, is high for both models, the CatBoost model is markedly more sensitive, leading to a substantial improvement in precision. Using BCQP data, we can predict burn mortality allowing comparison across burn centers participating in BCQP.
Semantic comparison of texts by the metric approach
Authors: Vakulenko Maksym O 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A novel approach to the semantic comparison of texts based on the metric method to calculate semantic distances between lexical units is put forward. The supplementary semantic information is provided through semes of the words composing the texts, or through their semantic fields. The proposed method takes into account semantic polarity and yields, for two paraphrase sentences, more feasible results than the conventional approaches based on word occurrences. The described approach may be useful for linguistic theory as well as for a variety of Natural Language Processing tasks based on supervised learning that require semantic information: computer lexicography, semantic analysis, information search and retrieval, document classification, text summarization, and understanding machine translation and others.
The ethics of migration policy dilemmas
Authors: Bauböck Rainer , Mourão Permoser Julia , Ruhs Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a new approach to the political theory of migration: the ethics of migration policy dilemmas. The core of this new approach lies in identifying specific policy dilemmas of central relevance to policy makers and other stakeholders in the field, and then submitting these dilemmas to systematic theoretical analysis. We conceptualize policy dilemmas as involving hard choices between competing moral goals and distinguish this kind of dilemma from other types of ethical choices, such as conflicting means, dirty hands, political feasibility, and politics dilemmas. We argue that, besides enlarging the range of questions asked by political theorists of migration, our approach of engaging normatively with hard policy dilemmas can help mitigate the negative political and societal effects of reductionist political positions that seek to negate the existence of competing moral goals. We make the case for a multidisciplinary approach to the normative analysis of hard ethical dilemmas, transcending both explanatory and interpretive analyses in the spirit of an applied normative political theory that aims to be action guiding.
The first photometric and orbital period investigation of an extremely low mass ratio contact binary with a sudden period change TYC 4002-2628-1
Authors: Guo Di-Fu , Li Kai , Liu Fen , Li Huai-Zhen , Xia Qi-Qi , Gao Xing , Gao Xiang , Chen Xu , Gao Dong-Yang , Sun Guo-You 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Photometric observations for the totally eclipsing binary system TYC 4002-2628-1, were obtained between November 2020 and November 2021. To determine the stellar atmospheric parameters, a spectral image was taken with the 2.16 m telescope at National Astronomical Observatory of China (NAOC). TYC 4002-2628-1 is a low-amplitude (about 0.15 mag for Vband) short-period (0.3670495 d) contact eclipsing binary with a total secondary eclipse. Intrinsic light curve variations and the reversal of the O’Connell effect are detected in the light curves, which may be due to spot activity. Based on the photometric solutions derived from the multiband time series light curves, TYC 4002-2628-1 is an extremely low-mass ratio contact binary with a mass ratio of q ∼ 0.0482 and a fill-out factor of $f\sim 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. By analysing the O− C variations, we find that its orbital period remains unchanged when BJD &lt; 2458321. Then the orbital period changed suddenly around BJD 2458743 and has an increasing rate of $\mathrm{ d}P/\mathrm{ d}t=1.62\times {10^{-5}}\,\mathrm{ d}\cdot \mathrm{ yr}^{-1}=140\, \mathrm{ s}\cdot \mathrm{ century}^{-1}$. If confirmed, TYC 4002-2628-1 would be the contact binary with the highest orbital period increasing rate so far. By investigating the ratio of orbital angular momentum to the spin angular momentum (Jorb/$J_{\mathrm{ spin}}\, \lt\, 3$), the instability mass ratio (qinst/q = 1.84) and the instability separation (Ainst/A = 1.35), TYC 4002-2628-1 can be regarded as a merger candidate.
Distance and age of the massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1 – II. The eclipsing binary W36
Authors: Rocha Danilo F , Almeida Leonardo A , Damineli Augusto , Navarete Felipe , Abdul-Masih Michael , Mace Gregory N 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Westerlund 1 (Wd 1) is one of the most relevant star clusters in the Milky Way to study massive star formation, although it is still poorly known. Here, we used photometric and spectroscopic data to model the eclipsing binary W36, showing that its spectral type is O6.5 III  +  O9.5 IV, hotter and more luminous than thought before. Its distance dW36 = 4.03 ± 0.25 kpc agrees, within the errors, with three recent Gaia-EDR3-based distances reported in Paper I, Beasor & Davies, and by Negueruela’s group. However, they follow different approaches to fix the zero-points for red sources such as those in Wd 1, and to select the best approach, we used an accurate modelling of W36. The weighted mean distance of our parallax (Paper I) and binary distances results in dwd1 = 4.05 ± 0.20 kpc, with an unprecedented accuracy of 5 per cent. We adopted isochrones based on the Geneva code with supersolar abundances to infer the age of W36B as 6.4 ± 0.7 Myr. This object seems to be part of the prolific star formation burst represented by OB giants and supergiants that occurred at 7.1 ± 0.5 Myr ago, which coincides with the recently published PMS isochrone with age 7.2 Myr. Other BA-type luminous evolved stars and yellow hypergiants spread in the age range of 8–11 Myr. The four red supergiants discussed in paper I represent the oldest population of the cluster with an age of 10.7 ± 1 Myr. The multiple episodes of star formation in Wd 1 are reminiscent of that reported for the R136/30 Dor LMC cluster.
Association between the patterns of large-vessel lesions and treatment outcomes in patients with large-vessel giant cell arteritis
Authors: Sugihara Takahiko , Uchida Haruhito A , Yoshifuji Hajime , Maejima Yasuhiro , Naniwa Taio , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Okazaki Takahiro , Ishizaki Jun , Murakawa Yohko , Ogawa Noriyoshi , Dobashi Hiroaki , Horita Tetsuya , Tanaka Yoshiya , Furuta Shunsuke , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Komagata Yoshinori , Nakaoka Yoshikazu , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
We aimed to identify associations between patterns of large-vessel lesions of large-vessel giant cell arteritis (LV-GCA) and treatment outcomes.

Methods
We extracted data on 68 newly diagnosed patients with LV-GCA from a retrospective, multi-centric, nationwide registry of GCA patients treated with glucocorticoids between 2007 and 2014. Patients with aortic lesions were identified based on the findings from contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography–computed tomography (Group 2, n = 49). Patients without aortic lesions were subdivided into LV-GCA with or without subclavian lesions defined as Group 1 (n = 9) or Group 3 (n = 10), respectively. The primary outcome evaluation was failure to achieve clinical remission by Week 24 and/or relapse within 104 weeks.

Results
The mean age and proportion of patients with cranial lesions and polymyalgia rheumatica in Group 2 were numerically lower than in the other two groups. Large-vessel lesions in Group 3 included carotid, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, or mesenteric lesions. The cumulative rate of poor treatment outcomes &gt;2 years was 11.1%, 55.3%, and 88.0% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (by Kaplan–Meier analysis). The mean time to poor outcome was significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions
Classification by subclavian and aortic lesions may be useful to determine treatment strategy.
Beyond the veil of duality—topographic reorganization model of meditation
Authors: Cooper Austin Clinton , Ventura Bianca , Northoff Georg 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Meditation can exert a profound impact on our mental life, with proficient practitioners often reporting an experience free of boundaries between a separate self and the environment, suggesting an explicit experience of “nondual awareness.” What are the neural correlates of such experiences and how do they relate to the idea of nondual awareness itself? In order to unravel the effects that meditation has on the brain’s spatial topography, we review functional magnetic resonance imaging brain findings from studies specific to an array of meditation types and meditator experience levels. We also review findings from studies that directly probe the interaction between meditation and the experience of the self. The main results are (i) decreased posterior default mode network (DMN) activity, (ii) increased central executive network (CEN) activity, (iii) decreased connectivity within posterior DMN as well as between posterior and anterior DMN, (iv) increased connectivity within the anterior DMN and CEN, and (v) significantly impacted connectivity between the DMN and CEN (likely a nonlinear phenomenon). Together, these suggest a profound organizational shift of the brain’s spatial topography in advanced meditators—we therefore propose a topographic reorganization model of meditation (TRoM). One core component of the TRoM is that the topographic reorganization of DMN and CEN is related to a decrease in the mental-self-processing along with a synchronization with the more nondual layers of self-processing, notably interoceptive and exteroceptive-self-processing. This reorganization of the functionality of both brain and self-processing can result in the explicit experience of nondual awareness. In conclusion, this review provides insight into the profound neural effects of advanced meditation and proposes a result-driven unifying model (TRoM) aimed at identifying the inextricably tied objective (neural) and subjective (experiential) effects of meditation.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Smoking, Vaping, and Smoking Cessation Services in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Johnston Emily , Bains Manpreet , Hunter Abby , Langley Tessa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Existing evidence suggests that while the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered quit attempts among many smokers, it led some to smoke more and others to relapse back to smoking. These diverse effects have the potential to have a long-term impact on individuals’ smoking and vaping behaviors.

Aims and Methods
This study explored the effect of COVID-19 on smokers and vapers, vape shops (VS), and stop smoking services (SSS). A total of 39 semi-structured interviews were conducted with stop-smoking practitioners, tobacco control leads, smokers and/or vapers, and vape shop owners. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.

Results
Four themes were identified: Lockdown as a barrier to becoming or remaining smoke-free; COVID as a catalyst for quitting and remaining smoke-free; changes in vaping and challenges for vapers and VS; and changes and challenges for stop smoking support. Fear of COVID resulting in severe health implications for smokers facilitated behavior change; however, the boredom and monotony of lockdown and associated stress created difficulties in remaining a smoke free. Results showed that the enforced switch from face-to-face to the remote provision of SSS was beneficial for improving engagement, particularly for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. Stop smoking professionals and vapers disagreed with the forced closure of VS because it created unnecessary difficulties for vapers to access supplies.

Conclusions
COVID-19 was both a barrier and facilitator for smoking cessation. Remote provision of SSS implemented due to lockdown was beneficial for hard-to-reach groups; services should look to incorporate these changes into day-to-day practice.

Implications
This study is one of the first to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic directly affected smokers, vapers, SSS, tobacco control leads, and VS. It provides evidence for the continued use of the remote provision of smoking cessation services to increase engagement among hard-to-reach groups and provides information on how pandemics can be a catalyst for health behavior change. This study is unique in that it incorporates the views of different stakeholders.