bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents of minor children lose less weight during a behavioral weight loss intervention: Findings from the Rural LEAP trial
Authors: Befort Christie A. , Ross Kathryn M. , Janicke David M. , Perri Michael G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe transition to parenthood is associated with worsening health behaviors, yet the impact of parental status on successful weight loss has rarely been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parental status of minor children on weight loss and behavioral adherence in a rural community‐based weight loss intervention.MethodsFive hundred and twenty‐eight adults (age 21–75 years, body mass index [BMI] 30–45 kg/m2) were enrolled in a group‐based weight loss intervention consisting of 16 weekly sessions delivered in face‐to‐face group sessions at Cooperative Extension Service (CES) offices. Participants who were parents with at least one minor child (≤18 years old) in the home were compared to participants with no minor children in the home. Measures included percent weight loss, session attendance, adherence to self‐monitoring, and achieving calorie and physical activity goals.ResultsCompared to participants without minor children, parents with minor children lost significantly less weight (7.5% vs. 6.2%, respectively; p = 0.01), and were less likely to lose ≥5% of baseline weight (59.2% vs. 70.2%, respectively; p = 0.02). In addition, parents with minor children attended significantly fewer sessions, had lower adherence to self‐monitoring, and met calorie and step goals less often (all ps < 0.001). The association between parental status and percent weight loss was not significantly moderated by gender of the parent.ConclusionsParents of minor children had greater difficulty adhering to intervention goals and lost less weight than participants without minor children. Future research should investigate whether tailoring intervention to meet the unique needs of parents can enhance outcomes, especially given the large segment of the population represented by this group.
Effect of weak intermolecular interactions in micro/nanoscale polyphosphazenes and polyethylene terephthalate composites on flame retardancy
Authors: Zhu Yuanzhao , Wu Wei , Xu Tong , Xu Hong , Zhong Yi , Zhang Linping , Ma Yimeng , Sui Xiaofeng , Wang Bijia , Feng Xueling , Mao Zhiping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of weak intermolecular interactions on the flame retardancy of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyphosphazene flame retardant. Monodispersed poly‐(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) microspheres with different diameters were synthesized by controlling the reactant concentration. Simulation studies revealed that the weak intermolecular interactions between PZS and PET predominantly include strong hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. The weak intermolecular interactions imparted high thermal stability, even in the molten state, and PZS microspheres with smaller diameters achieved stronger hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions with PET. The diameter of the PZS microspheres influenced the limiting oxygen index value and UL‐94 rating. Increasing the carbon residue alone was insufficient to promote the flame retardancy, and the weak intermolecular interactions played an important role. Thus, stronger weak‐intermolecular‐interactions are beneficial for realizing a material with superior flame retardancy and anti‐dropping performance.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy total body irradiation in pediatric and adolescent/young adult patients undergoing stem cell transplantation: Early outcomes and toxicities
Authors: Marquez Cesar , Hui Caressa , Simiele Eric , Blomain Erik , Oh Justin , Bertaina Alice , Klein Orly , Shyr David , Jiang Alice , Hoppe Richard T. , Kovalchuk Nataliya , Hiniker Susan M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionTotal body irradiation (TBI) is an important component of many conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), most commonly used in pediatric and adolescent/young adult (AYA) patients. We aimed to evaluate outcomes and toxicities among pediatric and AYA patients treated with TBI utilizing volumetric modulated arc therapy total body irradiation (VMAT‐TBI).MethodsWe reviewed pediatric and AYA patients treated with VMAT‐TBI at our institution from 2019 to 2021. Data on patient and disease characteristics, treatment details, outcomes and toxicities were collected. Overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsAmong 38 patients, 16 (42.1%) were treated with myeloablative regimens and 22 (57.9%) with nonmyeloablative regimens. Median age was 7.2 years (range: 1–27) and median follow‐up was 8.7 months (range: 1–21). Lungs Dmean was 7.3 ± 0.3 Gy for myeloablative regimens (range: 6.8–7.8). Kidneys were spared to average mean dose of 71.4 ± 4.8% of prescription dose. Gonadal sparing was achieved for patients treated for nonmalignant diseases to Dmean of 0.7 ± 0.1 Gy. No patient experienced primary graft failure; one (2.6%) experienced secondary graft failure. The most common grade 1–2 acute toxicities were nausea (68.4%) and fatigue (55.3%). Mucositis was the most common grade 3–4 acute toxicity, affecting 39.5% of patients. There were no cases of pneumonitis or nephrotoxicity attributable to TBI.ConclusionVMAT‐TBI offers increased ability to spare organs at risk in pediatric and AYA patients undergoing HSCT, with a favorable acute/subacute toxicity profile and excellent disease control.
Nanofiller dispersing, drawn orientation, and mechanical properties of polymer‐based composites via organo‐modification of single‐walled carbon nanotubes obtained by two‐types of manufacturing processes
Authors: Xu Kai , Harada Ko , Almarasy Ahmed A. , Hayasaki Takuto , Fujimori Atsuhiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe filler dispersibility, structural changes by drawing, and mechanical properties of polymer‐based composites containing two types of organo‐modified single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) fabricated using different methods were investigated. In this study, the SWCNTs manufactured by super‐growth chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and improved arc discharge (iAD) were used. Further, they were surface‐modified with fluorinated phosphonic acid, and the composites were prepared with crystalline fluoropolymer by melt compounding. By introducing a very small amount of fluorinated phosphonic acid as a dispersion aid, jet‐black composites with uniform dispersibility were obtained. In the high‐temperature drawing process, the aggregated SWCNTs in the composites were uniaxially oriented along the drawing direction. The crystallinity and mechanical properties of the composites were significantly improved by the composite preparation with SWCNTs and their drawing orientation. The SWCNTs derived from the super‐growth CVD method exhibited excellent dispersibility in the matrix polymer, and the composite containing SWCNTs derived from iAD method had excellent mechanical properties.
Production of basalt/wood fiber reinforced polylactic acid hybrid biocomposites and investigation of performance features including insulation properties
Authors: Aykanat Onur , Ermeydan Mahmut Ali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnvironmental concerns of disposals of automotive, building, or packaging applications enforce researchers to find alternative green materials. Hybrid biocomposites, which consists of both natural/man‐made fibers and biopolymers, can be an alternative to glass fiber‐supported composites. On the other hand, heat and sound insulation are key properties for automotive and building industries and there is limited knowledge about insulation properties of biocomposites. In this study, we produced basalt/beech wood fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites by twin‐screw extruder, followed by compression molding. We investigated sound and heat insulation properties as well as mechanical and physical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy analyses were carried out for thermal, chemical, and morphological characterization of biocomposites, respectively. Analysis revealed that basalt/wood fiber support improved heat and sound insulation of biocomposites; however, water absorption properties reduced by natural fiber loading. Besides, both tensile and flexural strength of the biocomposites reduced by increasing natural fiber loading.
Raine syndrome: Report of a novel mutation and review of the different antenatal imaging modalities used to diagnose this disease
Authors: Rameh Georges , Megarbane Andre , Jalbout Liliane , Snaifer Elie , Saliba Souha , Nassar Anwar , Chalouhi Gihad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionRaine syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized mainly by the presence of exophthalmos, choanal atresia or stenosis, osteosclerosis, and cerebral calcifications. There are around 50 cases described in the literature with a prevalence of less than 1/1,000,000. It is secondary to pathogenic variants in the FAM20 C gene, located on chromosome 7p22.3.Case reportWe report a consanguineous family with three affected pregnancies. In the first two, exophthalmos and bone abnormalities were noted, ending in one intra‐uterine demise and one neonatal death, without identifying any genetic disorder. During the couple's most recent pregnancy, fetal anomaly sonogram and fetal CT scan revealed microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, exophthalmos, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, midface hypoplasia and thoracic hypoplasia. Fetal blood sampling for whole exome sequencing revealed a novel pathogenic homozygous variant c.1363+1G > A in the FAM20 C gene associated with Raine syndrome. Delivery occurred at 26 weeks of gestation after rupture of membranes followed by neonatal death due to respiratory failure.ReviewA review of the distinctive features of Raine syndrome, the contribution of different prenatal imaging modalities (Ultrasound, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in making the diagnosis and the molecular characterization of this disorder is provided.
Influenza vaccination during pregnancy and risk of selected major structural noncardiac birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 2006–2011
Authors: Palmsten Kristin , Suhl Jonathan , Conway Kristin M. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Ailes Elizabeth C. , Cragan Janet D. , Nestoridi Eirini , Papadopoulos Eleni A. , Kerr Stephen M. , Young Sean G. , DeStefano Frank , Romitti Paul A. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess associations between influenza vaccination during etiologically‐relevant windows and selected major structural non‐cardiac birth defects.Study DesignWe analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population‐based case–control study, for 8233 case children diagnosed with a birth defect and 4937 control children without a birth defect with delivery dates during 2006–2011. For all analyses except for neural tube defects (NTDs), we classified mothers who reported influenza vaccination 1 month before through the third pregnancy month as exposed; the exposure window for NTDs was 1 month before through the first pregnancy month. For defects with five or more exposed case children, we used logistic regression to estimate propensity score‐adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for estimated delivery year and season; plurality; maternal age, race/ethnicity, smoking and alcohol use, low folate intake; and, for NTDs, folate antagonist medications.ResultsThere were 334 (4.1%) case and 197 (4.0%) control mothers who reported influenza vaccination from 1 month before through the third pregnancy month. Adjusted ORs ranged from 0.53 for omphalocele to 1.74 for duodenal atresia/stenosis. Most aORs (11 of 19) were ≤1 and all adjusted CIs included the null. The unadjusted CIs for two defects, hypospadias and craniosynostosis, excluded the null. These estimates were attenuated upon covariate adjustment (hypospadias aOR: 1.25 (95% CI 0.89, 1.76); craniosynostosis aOR: 1.23 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.74)).ConclusionsResults for several non‐cardiac major birth defects add to the existing evidence supporting the safety of inactivated influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Under‐reporting of vaccination may have biased estimates downward.
Composite waterborne polyurethane reinforced with silane modified lignin as an adhesive between polypropylene decorative films and wood‐based panels
Authors: Chang Liang , Luo Shupin , Gao Li , Ren Yiping , Tang Qiheng , Chen Yongping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo improve the surface bonding strength of polypropylene (PP) decorative films on wood‐based panels, one kind of lignin, namely sodium lignosulfonate (SL) filled waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composites were used as adhesives on the back of the PP decorative films, and the SL was modified by the addition of two alternative types of silane that contain either ethylene‐acyloxy or epoxy groups. The PP decorative films were hot‐press onto plywood using the different types of SL modified WPU as an adhesive. The SL and SL modified WPU were characterized comprehensively. The surface properties the PP decorative films on plywood surfaces were tested. The results showed that both types of silane can be grafted on the SL between hydrolyzed SiOH groups and OH groups. The long organic chain of silane can physically twist to the WPU, where self‐polymerization of the silane helps to form network structures. As a result, the surface bonding strength of PP decorative films on plywood surfaces largely improved with SL filled WPU adhesives and no detachment occurred in boiling water. Compared with the ethylene‐acyloxy silane, the epoxy silane performed better which was associated with the reactions between the epoxy groups and free water.
Bio‐based polylactic acid or epoxy natural rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates with dual interfacial compatibilization networks
Authors: Xu Xinhu , Ma Lifeng , Liu Congchao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe bio‐based thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) composed of polylactic acid (PLA) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was prepared by the dynamic vulcanization method induced by dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and a novel filler, bis(aminopropyl)‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS‐NH2), was added as the compatibilizer. The dynamic vulcanization reaction occurred first, and the PLA‐g‐ENR graft copolymer was formed at the interface of PLA and ENR. With the addition of appropriate amount of PDMS‐NH2, the cross‐linking of ENR was enhanced, and the size of PLA became smaller and more evenly dispersed. The prepared TPVs were found to have dual interfacial compatibilization networks. Mechanical characterization of this polymeric material containing a special structure is performed. TPV achieved the tensile strength at break of 12.8 MPa and elongation at break of 103%, revealing 103% and 329% higher than 6.3 MPa and 24% for the simple blend of ENR/PLA. Meanwhile, the elastic modulus of TPV increased to 352 MPa, which was 1.96 times that of the simple blend. As a result, ENR/PLA composites with high toughness and mechanical strength are achieved and the toughening mechanism and toughening factors were discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of flame‐retardant polyurethane based on new chain extenders
Authors: Zhang Cheng , He Hui , Li Qunyang , Liang Xutong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of novel flame‐retardant waterborne polyurethanes (FWPU) were synthesized with tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THPO) obtained from the reaction of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate and bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)terephthalate from the alcoholysis of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) as flame‐retardant chain extenders. Influences of THPO on flame retardancy and bonding properties of FWPU were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, vertical burning test, cone calorimeter test (CCT), thermogravimetric analysis and shear tensile test. The results of LOI, vertical burning test and CCT indicated that flame retardancy of FWPU was improved with the introduction of THPO. The peak of heat release rate of FWPU with 1.5 wt% THPO was 401 kW m−2. After hard segment flame‐retardant modification, the initial bonding strength of FWPU adhesive increased by 150%, and the final bonding strength decreased slightly. A new way is provided for the design of novel reactive FWPU which maintained better flame retardancy and adhesive properties after hard segment flame‐retardant modification. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Extraction and microscopic analysis of partial shading‐induced defects in a commercial CIGS PV module
Authors: Aninat Rémi , Bakker Klaas , Jouard Laetitia , Ott Cruz Manuel G. S. , Yilmaz Pelin , Theelen Mirjam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ever‐increasing instalment capacity of Cu (In, Ga)(Se, S)2‐based photovoltaics calls for a better understanding and control of their reliability. In this paper, we show how using a coring‐based method, small samples can be extracted from full size commercial modules, and prepared for lab‐scale analysis. The method is applied to a Cu (In, Ga)(Se, S)2 (CIGS) module where a non‐reversible, propagating (‘wormlike’) defect has been created in a controlled partial shading experiment. Through current–voltage, photoluminescence and illuminated lock‐in thermography analyses on an undamaged part of the module, the method used is shown to yield fully functional, undamaged active cells, with a photovoltaic conversion efficiency above the full module efficiency. Where the wormlike defects were present, a typical strong shunting behaviour is observed, as well as an increased sulphur content near the edge of the wormtrails. Furthermore, the wormlike defect propagation is shown to be strongly influenced by the present of specific features near the interconnects, which could be the result of manufacturing. These results demonstrate the potential of coring to analyse module failure with all the laboratory tools available. They also shed some light on how wormlike defects, which are a rare but serious hazard for CIGS modules reliability, can form and propagate in commercial, monolithically interconnected modules.
Grade and stage misclassification in intermediate unfavorable‐risk prostate cancer radiotherapy candidates
Authors: Sorce Gabriele , Flammia Rocco Simone , Hoeh Benedikt , Chierigo Francesco , Hohenhorst Lukas , Panunzio Andrea , Stabile Armando , Gandaglia Giorgio , Tian Zhe , Tilki Derya , Terrone Carlo , Gallucci Michele , Chun Felix K. H. , Antonelli Alessandro , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe tested for upgrading (Gleason grade group [GGG] ≥ 4) and/or upstaging to non‐organ‐confined stage ([NOC] ≥ pT3/pN1) in intermediate unfavorable‐risk (IU) prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radical prostatectomy, since both change the considerations for dose and/or type of radiotherapy (RT) and duration of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).MethodsWe relied on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (2010–2015). Proportions of (a) upgrading, (b) upstaging, or (c) upgrading and/or upstaging were tabulated and tested in multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsWe identified 7269 IU PCa patients. Upgrading was recorded in 479 (6.6%) and upstaging in 2398 (33.0%), for a total of 2616 (36.0%) upgraded and/or upstaged patients, who no longer fulfilled the IU grade and stage definition. Prostate‐specific antigen, clinical stage, biopsy GGG, and percentage of positive cores, neither individually nor in multivariable logistic regression models, discriminated between upgraded and/or upstaged patients versus others.ConclusionsIU PCa patients showed very high (36%) upgrading and/or upstaging proportion. Interestingly, the overwhelming majority of those were upstaged to NOC. Conversely, very few were upgraded to GGG ≥ 4. In consequence, more than one‐third of IU PCa patients treated with RT may be exposed to suboptimal dose and/or type of RT and to insufficient duration of ADT, since their true grade and stage corresponded to high‐risk PCa definition, instead of IU PCa. Data about magnetic resonance imaging were not available but may potentially help with better stage discrimination.
Development and application of a numerical dynamic model for pesticide residues in apple orchards
Authors: An Quanshun , Wu Yangliu , Li Dong , Hao Xianghong , Pan Canping , Rein Arno 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDLimited understanding of the fate of pesticides in apple orchards may lead to recurring pests or pose risks to food safety. In this study, through a field experiment conducted in an apple orchard, a dynamic plant uptake model, coupled with a soil water model, was developed to simulate measured pesticide concentrations in soil and different plant compartments.RESULTSResults showed that the overall model could adequately describe the data set of four pesticides in the apple orchard. An estimated 15%–24.7% of applied pesticides were deposited on leaves and 0.37%–0.58% on fruits. Decreasing pesticide concentrations in fruits were observed after pesticide application, with 9.6%–64.8% of this decrease explained by biodegradation, 29.8%–75.8% by fruit growth dilution and 11.3%–47.6% by wash‐off. Furthermore, a first estimation of dietary risks indicated that ingestion of the apples may not represent an acute or chronic risk to human health.CONCLUSIONThe dynamic plant uptake model, coupled with the tipping buckets soil water model, could successfully be fitted to describe to the data set for the fate of four pesticides applied in an apple orchard. The contribution of different pathways to pesticide concentration was highly influenced by precipitation, fruit growth dilution and the characteristics of different pesticides. This model can improve our understanding of pesticide fate in apple orchards and has great potential for supporting food safety assessment and decision‐making to minimize impacts arising from pesticide applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.