bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Entrapment Neuropathies in the Ankle
Authors: Jo Stephanie Y. , Khurana Navpreet , Shabshin Nogah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEntrapment neuropathies of the ankle and foot pose a major diagnostic challenge and thus remain underdiagnosed. Recent advancements in imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance neurography (MRN), have resulted in considerable improvement in the anatomical localization and identification of pathologies leading to nerve entrapment. MRN supplements clinical examination and electrophysiologic studies in the diagnosis of neuropathies, aids in assessing disease severity, and helps formulate management strategies. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy and imaging features of the ankle is essential to diagnose and manage entrapment neuropathies accurately. Advancements in imaging and their appropriate utilization will ultimately lead to better diagnoses and improved patient outcomes.
Retrospective Comparison of Titanium Hybrid Locking Plate with Stainless Steel Hybrid Dynamic Compression Plate for Pancarpal Arthrodesis: 23 Dogs
Authors: Chong Wye Li , Eckart Louisa Ho , Sul Rui , Jermyn Kieri , Michelsen Jacob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes and complications of dogs that had pancarpal arthrodesis (PCA) using a titanium hybrid advanced locking plate system (ALPS) and stainless steel hybrid dynamic compression plate (HDCP).Study Design Retrospective observational study.Methods Medical records (2007–2020) were reviewed for cases that had PCA performed using ALPS or HDCP. Implant characteristics including metacarpal coverage (MCov), metacarpal width occupied by screw diameter percentage and carpal arthrodesis angle (CAA), complications and outcomes were recorded.Results Pancarpal arthrodesis was performed with ALPS on 15 limbs from 12 dogs, and HDCP on 14 limbs from 11dogs. Median follow-up time was 1,157 days (range: 62–1,902 days) for ALPS group and 340 days (range: 43–1,465 days) for HDCP. Median MCov for ALPS group was 74% (range: 60–87.5%) compared with 56.5% (range: 49.7–91.3%) for HDCP (p = 0.001). There was no difference in CAA and metacarpal width to screw diameter percentage between ALPS and HDCP group. Major and minor complications and surgical site infection rates were not statistically different between the two groups. Plate fracture occurred in 2/15 ALPS PCA and screw loosening occurred in 4/14 HDCP PCA. Full function was achieved in 8/12 and 8/11 of ALPS and HDCP cases, respectively, which was not statistically different (p = 0.76).Conclusion The use of ALPS offers comparable performance to HDCP for PCA
Influence of the Near-Cortical Over-Drilling Technique on the Mechanical Behaviour of Locking Plate Constructs Applied in Maned Wolf's Femur
Authors: Siqueira Rafael C. , Rahal Sheila C. , Mesquita Luciana R. , Voorwald Fabiana A. , Fernandes Martin F. , Tosati Marcos , Ribeiro Celso R. , Scorsato Paulo S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of near-cortical over-drilling holes on the mechanical behaviour of locking plate constructs applied in maned wolf's femur by using mechanical testing and finite element method (FEM).
Study Design Seven pairs of adult maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) femur bones were randomly distributed into four groups. In all groups, a 3.5 mm locking compression plate, designed with 12 combi-holes and one locked, was applied to the lateral surface of the femur. G1 (n = 4) received bicortical locking screws placed in holes 1, 3, 5, 8, 10 and 12. In G2 (n = 5), the plate was applied as used in G1, but the application of the locked screws involved the near-cortical over-drilling technique. In G3 (n = 4), the plate was applied as used in G2, but the size of the near-cortical over-drilling was larger. The combi-holes 6 and 7 were maintained over a 10 mm fracture gap without screws. All constructs were tested for failure in the axial load. The axial load was applied eccentrically to the femoral head.
Results Statistical differences were observed in the maximum load with G3 > G1 and G3 > G2, and in the deflection with G2 > G1 and G2 > G3. The FEM showed the lowest total displacement of the bone-plate constructs as well as of the plate in G1 compared with G2 and G3.
Conclusion The near-cortical over-drilling technique used in unstable fractures induced in the maned wolf's femur showed by static axial compression test that maximum load and deflection are dependent on drill hole size induced in the near-cortex. Based on FEM, the lowest total displacement of the bone-plate constructs was observed in Group 1.
Nerve Entrapments in the Pelvis and Hip
Authors: Lo Lawrence , Duarte Alejandra , Bencardino Jenny T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClinical symptoms of pelvic entrapment neuropathies are widely variable and frequently nonspecific, thus rendering it difficult to localize and diagnose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in particular MR neurography, has become increasingly important in the work-up of entrapment neuropathies involving the pelvic and hip nerves of the lumbosacral plexus. The major sensory and motor peripheral nerves of the pelvis and hip include the sciatic nerve, superior and inferior gluteal nerves, femoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, obturator nerve, and pudendal nerve. Familiarity with the anatomy and imaging appearance of normal and pathologic nerves in combination with clinical presentation is crucial in the diagnosis of entrapment neuropathies.
The extent of herbicide resistance in
Authors: Broster John , Boutsalis Peter , Gill Gurjeet S. , Preston Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Context Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) is a major weed of crop production in southern Australia that readily develops resistance to herbicides. Resistance increases both yield losses and control costs associated with this species. Aims This study aimed to gauge the extent and distribution of resistance to herbicides in L. rigidum across south-eastern Australian grain production systems by collecting seed from randomly selected fields. Methods A total of 1441 weed populations were collected through random surveys conducted over 5 years across 13 agricultural regions of four states with these samples then tested for resistance to eight herbicides from six modes of action. Key results Resistance to diclofop-methyl and sulfometuron-methyl was most common, being present in 64% and 63% of populations respectively. Glyphosate resistance was present in 4% of populations collected. Only 15% of populations collected were susceptible to all herbicides tested. Large differences in resistance occurred between the 13 regions surveyed with resistance to diclofop-methyl ranging from 15% to 86% of populations and sulfometuron-methyl from 12% to 96%. Resistance to post-emergent herbicides tended to be higher than pre-emergent herbicides. Multiple resistance was common with 60% of populations collected having resistance to two or more herbicide modes of action. Conclusions There were significant differences in the extent of multiple resistance in L. rigidum populations collected from individual regions suggesting that the rates of resistance evolution have differed between regions. Implications The high incidence of herbicide resistance in L. rigidum populations randomly collected from south-eastern Australian cropping fields highlights the need for the adoption of additional weed control practices to mitigate the impact of this species on grain production systems.
A single local delivery of paclitaxel and nucleic acids via an immunoactive polymer eliminates tumors and induces antitumor immunity
Authors: Meng Fanfei , Wang Jianping , He Yanying , Cresswell Gregory M. , Lanman Nadia A. , Lyle L. Tiffany , Ratliff Timothy L. , Yeo Yoon 
Published: May 2022

Significance
The rationale of local cancer immunotherapy is that the treated tumor cells can serve as a depot of tumor antigens and activate/mobilize the patient’s immune system to address systemic diseases. However, the challenge is to coordinate several events involved in the activation of antitumor immune responses, colocalize and retain multiple therapies in tumors, and support the functions of immune cells. Our carrier polyethyleneimine-lithocholic acid conjugate (2E′) addresses these challenges based on the amphiphilic structure and inherent immunostimulatory activity. 2E′ codelivers hydrophobic drugs and nucleic acids and leverages their effects to eliminate primary tumors and protect the hosts from distant and recurrent diseases. The versatility of 2E′ will enable the use of therapeutic combinations to improve clinical outcomes of cancer immunotherapy.
Stance and engagement in selected Nigerian Supreme Court judgments
Authors: Daniel Florence Oluwaseyi , Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study investigates stance and engagement strategies of Nigerian Supreme Court judges in constructing arguments in their opinions. Fifty purposively selected judicial opinions were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed using Hyland’s stance and engagement model. The findings reveal that Nigerian Supreme Court judges used more stance than engagement features. Among the stance features found, the judges used more self-mention devices to establish authorial presence and distinguish their views from others. Prevalent among engagement markers, on the other hand, are directives, informed by the normative nature of the text and the judges’ keenness to owning such prescribed norms.
The standard of living among the poor across Europe. Does employment make a difference?
Authors: Wolf Fridolin , Lohmann Henning , Böhnke Petra 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Employment does not always guarantee sufficient income and a decent standard of living anymore. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between income poverty and material deprivation for employed and unemployed individuals across Europe. To do so, we focus on relevant mechanisms at the individual and institutional levels. We examine how economic, structural and institutional factors shape the relationship between employment, poverty and deprivation. We explore our subject using EU-SILC data from 2015 and cross-national macro-level data from the OECD, Eurostat and UNECE. According to our findings, employment is associated with a higher standard of living even among the poor and when controlling for savings and income level, which may point to the non-monetary benefits of employment. At the macro level, we show that the impact of employment on the living standard of the poor varies according to economic conditions and institutional settings. Our results suggest that policies that promote integration into the labour market without taking into account the quality of jobs and working conditions devalue gainful employment in terms of maintaining a decent standard of living.
Sustainability evaluation for a circular maize-pig system driven by indigenous microbes: a case study in Northeast China
Authors: Xu Yinan , Li Panfeng , Gao Youhui , Li Yueming , Li Shijie , Li Yunfeng , Sui Peng , Wang Xiaofen , Gao Wangsheng , Chen Yuanquan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Sustainable agricultural development is a topic of global concern aiming at satisfying food demand of the growing population while reducing impact on environment. Circular agriculture has become a promising development pattern with the advantages of complementing environmental resources, replacing feedback from outside system, and processing waste of bottom of system, etc. This study combined economic analysis, life cycle assessment and emergy accounting to evaluate sustainability of an integrated maize-pig system (IS) driven by indigenous microbes in Northeast China, compared with separated maize and pig system (SS). IS reduced input of concentrate feed, coal, vaccines, disinfectants, fertilizer and labor by 14.35%, 100%, 46.11%, 100%, 60.1% and 60.8% driven by indigenous microbes. Economic analysis results showed that IS has 82.88% higher profit than that of SS. The sum of potential environmental impacts of IS was lower than SS for 80.65% according to lifecycle assessment. The emergy results revealed that IS performed better sustainability. Internal feedback emergy for fertilizer and local resources for maize straw increasing of IS significantly improved emergy efficiency. The reduction resulted in nonrenewable resources decreased 33.01% than that of SS, and increased renewable resources by 67.81%, which reduced environmental load ratio of IS by 60.08% of IS. Meanwhile, these factors were the primary factors generating higher sustainability of IS. Overall, the integrated maize-pig system driven by indigenous microbes in this study can effectively alleviate the problems caused by agricultural waste and promote sustainable agricultural development.
Thermoelectric effects and applications: an advanced physics laboratory experiment
Authors: Aqra R , AbualRob K , Jaeger H , Eid K F 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We developed a simple, inexpensive undergraduate laboratory experiment covering concepts and applications related to thermoelectric effects. Students use commercially available thermoelectric plates for producing electric current or for cooling and heating, then utilize them to perform experimental investigations that involve cooling. These investigations include studying supercooling and flash-freezing of water, as well as the temperature dependence of the resistivity of metals and semiconductors. The experiment allows students to easily add more components to investigate additional phenomena, thus lending itself as a potential open-ended ‘final project’ in the lab. The activities emphasize experiment design and scientific investigation. They also develop some of the main goals of advanced physics laboratories, such as the exposure to new technologies and experimental skills, data collection and automation/control, as well as data analysis and the clear communication of the results. This experiment can be integrated into the physics curriculum of electronics or advanced laboratory courses at the sophomore or higher levels.
Broadband achromatic flexural wave Mikaelian lens for high resolution focusing
Authors: Chen Jin , He Xudong , Chen Mingji , Liu Yongquan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Conformal transformation method (CTM) has been extensively applied to control propagation of electromagnetic waves and acoustics waves due to the form-invariant property of Maxwell equations and acoustic equations. However, CTM’s application in elastic waves is rarely reported due to the governing equation of elastic waves do not have form invariant property. In this paper, through igniting evanescent waves at the interface of conformally mapped Mikaelian lens with hyperbolic secant refractive index profile, CTM is successfully used to achieve highly efficient (above 75%) broadband (30−80 kHz) achromatic high-resolution flexural wave focusing in thin plate with full width at half maximum (FWHM) around 0.2λ. The proposed Mikaelian lens is designed by linking refractive index with the thickness in plates. Simulated results agree well with theoretical prediction. This high performance for flexural wave focusing could be used for energy harvesting and medical imaging.
Ultra-wideband Luneburg lens with high performance based on gradient metamaterials
Authors: Chen Jin , Chu Hongchen , Huang Yixing , Lai Yun , Chen Mingji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the perspective of a wide scanning range and ultra-broad bandwidth, Luneburg lenses are highly anticipated to be an outstanding option for multibeam radiation. However, owing to the lack of low-loss continuously varying permittivity materials, the practical application of Luneburg lenses is far below the expected level. In this paper, an ultra-wideband planar Luneburg lens (PLL) is proposed. Due to the novel design of an all dielectric lightweight radially symmetric periodic gradient metamaterial, the presented lens is able to yield highly directional emission with side lobes all below −8 dB and achromatic sub-diffraction focusing with full width at half maximum about 0.4λ from 4 GHz to 22 GHz. The prototype of the lens is manufactured by computer-numerical controlled machining. The measured data of the near field and far field agree well with that of the simulated data, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology. The superiority of the presented approach to design a Luneburg lens is demonstrated. Therefore, the PLL has the advantages of being lightweight, with a compact structure, low profile, ultrabroadband function, high resolution, and convenient fabrication, giving it great potential to be practically deployed.
Phase behaviour of ammonium bromide-d
4 under high pressure and low temperature; an average and local structure study
Authors: Funnell Nicholas P , Bull Craig L , Hull Stephen , Ridley Christopher J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We revisit the pressure-induced order–disorder transition between phases II and IV in ammonium bromide-d
4 using neutron diffraction measurements to characterise both the average and local structures. We identify a very sluggish transition that does not proceed to full conversion and local structure correlations indicate a slight preference for ammonium cation ordering along ⟨110⟩ crystallographic directions, as pressure is increased. Simultaneous cooling below ambient temperature appears to facilitate the pressure-induced transition. Variable-temperature, ambient-pressure measurements across the IV → III → II transitions show slower conversion than previously observed, and that phase III exhibits metastability above ambient temperature.
PDA modified NIR-II NaEr0.8Yb0.2F4 nanoparticles with high photothermal effect
Authors: Zhan Weifan , Zhao Bin , Cui Xiaoxia , Liu Junsong , Xiao Xusheng , Xu Yantao , She Shengfei , Hou Chaoqi , Guo Haitao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA)-modified NaEr0.8Yb0.2 F4nanoparticles were synthesized, with strong NIR-II emission, quantum yield of 29.63%, and excellent photothermal performance. Crystal phases and microstructures are characterized. Optical properties such as absorption, NIR-II emission, and light stability are studied, and the luminescence mechanism is discussed in detail. Key factors in NIR-II imaging were evaluated in fresh pork tissue, including penetration depth, spatial resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A high penetration depth of 5 mm and a high spatial resolution of 1 mm were detected. Mice are imaged in vivo after intravenous injection. Due to the accumulation of nanoparticles in the liver, high image quality with an SNR of 5.2 was detected in the abdomen of KM mice with hair. The photothermal conversion effect of PDA-modified NPs was twice that of the reported material. These NIR-II nanoparticles have superior optical properties, high photothermal efficiency and low cytotoxicity, and are potential fluorescent probes for further disease diagnosis and treatment.
Joint synthesis and registration network for deformable MR-CBCT image registration for neurosurgical guidance
Authors: Han R , Jones C K , Lee J , Zhang X , Wu P , Vagdargi P , Uneri A , Helm P A , Luciano M , Anderson W S , Siewerdsen J H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. The accuracy of navigation in minimally invasive neurosurgery is often challenged by deep brain deformations (up to 10 mm due to egress of cerebrospinal fluid during neuroendoscopic approach). We propose a deep learning-based deformable registration method to address such deformations between preoperative MR and intraoperative CBCT. Approach. The registration method uses a joint image synthesis and registration network (denoted JSR) to simultaneously synthesize MR and CBCT images to the CT domain and perform CT domain registration using a multi-resolution pyramid. JSR was first trained using a simulated dataset (simulated CBCT and simulated deformations) and then refined on real clinical images via transfer learning. The performance of the multi-resolution JSR was compared to a single-resolution architecture as well as a series of alternative registration methods (symmetric normalization (SyN), VoxelMorph, and image synthesis-based registration methods). Main results. JSR achieved median Dice coefficient (DSC) of 0.69 in deep brain structures and median target registration error (TRE) of 1.94 mm in the simulation dataset, with improvement from single-resolution architecture (median DSC = 0.68 and median TRE = 2.14 mm). Additionally, JSR achieved superior registration compared to alternative methods—e.g. SyN (median DSC = 0.54, median TRE = 2.77 mm), VoxelMorph (median DSC = 0.52, median TRE = 2.66 mm) and provided registration runtime of less than 3 s. Similarly in the clinical dataset, JSR achieved median DSC = 0.72 and median TRE = 2.05 mm. Significance. The multi-resolution JSR network resolved deep brain deformations between MR and CBCT images with performance superior to other state-of-the-art methods. The accuracy and runtime support translation of the method to further clinical studies in high-precision neurosurgery.
Influence of ambient temperature on tonic and phasic electrodermal activity components
Authors: Qasim Masood S , Bari Dindar S , Martinsen Ørjan G 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective.Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a reliable indicator for variations in the skin electrical properties attributed to sympathetic nerve system activity. EDA recordings can be influenced by various internal and external factors including environmental ones. Ambient temperature can be considered as one of the possible factors which might influence EDA recordings. Hence, this study aimed to precisely investigate influence of ambient temperature on tonic and phasic EDA components by employing a new EDA measurement technique, which depends on simultaneously recording of several EDA parameters.Approach.Tonic and phasic EDA components during three different ambient temperature levels were recorded from 36 healthy participants. In addition, for evoking electrodermal responses, participants were exposed to cognitive, visual and breathing external stimuli.Main results.Significant effects of temperature on tonic skin conductance (SC), skin susceptance (SS) and skin potential (SP) were obtained, whereas such significant effects were not observed with phasic SC, SS and SP. Tonic EDA parameters were increased as a function of temperature, but changes in phasic component were fluctuating.Significance.This should mean that, keeping recording of tonic EDA component in normal room temperature is highly crucial, but for recording or analysis of phasic component it is not important as they are more robust in this context. This is important in applications of EDA instruments, particularly in wearable devices where environmental temperature typically cannot be controlled.