bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the quality of the main antimicrobial drugs sold in pharmacies in Bamako (Mali) according to a risk-based sampling
Authors: DEMBELE Ousmane , Cissé Bakary Moussa , Cissé Mody , Coulibaly Seydou Moussa , Dakouo Jacques , Cissé Nana Houmama , Koumaré Benoît Yaranga 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: In a world marked by the increase in chemoresistance leading to the adoption of therapeutic combinations, the advent of generic multi-source drugs, the spread of counterfeiting and substandard drugs, often without active ingredients or falsified active ingredients, a greater vigilance by pharmaceutical regulatory authorities is needed. Drug quality control therefore plays an important role in detecting poor quality products on the market. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to public health. It occurs when vital antimicrobials can no longer effectively treat bacteria and other microbes. Worldwide, around 700,000 people die each year due to antimicrobial resistance and without global action it could lead to 10 million deaths a year by 2050. This study aimed to assess the quality of major antimicrobials sold in Bamako to determine the prevalence of falsified and substandard antimicrobials.
Methods: Samples were taken in some pharmacies in Bamako and analyzed according to the standards of the United State Pharmacopoeia (USP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and International Pharmacopoeia (IP) by identification and assay methods. Products that do not meet the required specifications described by these pharmacopoeias are declared non-compliant.
Results: A total of 151 samples were taken according to a protocol based on the risks, of which 145 were compliant and 6 non-compliant due to an under-dosage of active ingredient. We found 58% of unregistered drugs that came from India and China.
Conclusion: This study allowed us to detect 6 non-compliant products that were withdrawn from the market and regulatory measures were taken.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, quality control, non-compliance, AMR.
Spray-dried nanoemulsion for improved oral delivery of silymarin against hepatic cancer cells
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Akhlaquer 
Published: June 2022

Silymarin recognized for numerous activities, but the use is limited due to poor aqueous solubility, inefficient intestinal permeability, and low-erratic bioavailability. The aim of the current research was formulation of spray-dried nanoemulsion to enhance the solubility of silymarin. The nanoemulsion was prepared by aqueous titration method, spray died and characterized for thermal analysis by diffraction scanning calorimetry, crystallography analysis by x-ray diffraction, surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The reconstitution properties were determining for droplet size, polydispersity index and microscopic structure. Optimized nanoemulsion composed of 15% v/v of oil, 33% v/v of Smix and 52% v/v of distilled water demonstrated lowest droplet size (52.4 ± 1.63 nm) and polydispersity index (0.112), optimum viscosity (23.37 ± 2.36 cps), maximum % transmittance (94.55), optimum cloud point (88°C) and cumulative % drug release (98.43%). The microscopic structure of spray-dried nanoemulsion after reconstitution in distilled water revealed spherical shape free from any aggregation. Spray-dried nanoemulsion demonstrated amorphous sate of silymarin after fabrication into solid state. The cumulative % release of silymarin was significantly higher than marketed conventional suspension (Limarin). The developed spray-dried nanoemulsion was robust and stable for a period of 3 months that could be recommended for oral administration of silymarin after further study. Solids are preferred over liquid dosage form; the formulation may offer better patient compliance over liquid nanoemulsion. In addition, the in-vitro cytotoxicity study revealed more cytotoxicity of SD-NE than plain silymarin against HepG2 cell line after 48 h of incubation. Moreover, the HepG2 cellular uptake silymarin was found to be substantially higher from NE when compared to the plain silymarin. Further, silymarin loaded SD-NE could be potential approach against hepatic cancer.
Keywords: Silymarin, spray-dried nanoemulsion, dextran, phase diagram, solubility, stability
Effect of Salvia purpurea cav. on the Proliferation of Hematopoietic Cells In Vitro
Authors: Velasco-Lezama Rodolfo , Quintero-Reyes Maritza , Tapia-Aguilar Rafaela , Cerón-Ramírez Reyna , Santana-Carrillo Jorge 
Published: June 2022

In Mexico, some plants of the Salvia genus are employed against digestive problems, circulatory problems, infections, and some hematological alterations. We evaluated the effect of Salvia purpurea Cav. (Labiateae) on the proliferation of mouse hematopoietic cells. The extracts were prepared by consecutive maceration with hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water from three mixtures of the aerial structures of the plant: flower; flower–leaf, and flower–leaf–stem. Their hematopoietic capacity was determined in cultures of mouse bone marrow and spleen utilizing concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL of each extract. The 100-µg/mL concentration of the flower extracts obtained with hexane, dichloromethane, and water established the proliferation of bone-marrow cells. The 10-µg/mL concentration of the hexanic and dichloromethanic extracts reduced cellularity by 34 ad 33%, respectively (p <0.005). Likewise, the 10-µg/mL concentration of the hexanic extract reduced the cell count by 30% (p <0.025). The 100-µg/mL concentration of the four flower–leaf extracts increased the concentration from 135–174%. Of the 36 extracts tested in bone marrow, 14 were stimulants, 19 were cytostatic, and three, cytotoxic. The remaining extracts increased the cellular concentration from 127 to 199.6%. In spleen cultures, the 100-µg/mL concentration of the flower–leaf–stem, and the hexanic and methanolic extracts increased the cellular concentration. The 100-µg/mL concentration of the flower–leaf extracts obtained with dichloromethane and water gave rise to 4.0 and 3.4 increments in the cell count, respectively. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of phenolic and saponin compounds.
Keywords: Hematopoietic activity, Genus Salvia, Salvia purpurea Cav, Bone marrow, Spleen.
New Smartphone Based Colorimetric Method Development and Validation of Drugs Containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur
Authors: Goswami Tejasbharthi Pravinbharthi , Kadam Apeksha , Mashru Rajashree 
Published: June 2022

Colorimetry is a method for determining the concentration of coloured substances in a solution. The intensity of colour is directly proportional to the concentration of compound being measured. Smartphone based colorimetry has grown in popularity as analytical instruments due to their low cost and ability to collect, store and process data all in one device. In smartphone colorimetry, the camera on the phone serves as a detector. The colorimetric method based on a smartphone and the UV method both are based on the detection of colour intensity. The ammonium metavanadate is having different oxidation states and it produce different colours in its oxidation state. The +5-oxidation state shows yellow colour, +4 oxidation state shows blue colour, +3 oxidation state shows green colour and +2 oxidation state shows purple colour. The ammonium metavanadate reagent is orange red in colour; however, it transforms into green colour complex when it reacts with drugs containing nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in its structure. In this article the developed method for all the drugs exhibits good linearity having Correlation coefficient about 0.998(Amoxicillin trihydrate), 0.998 (Silodosin) and for 0.999(Sofosbuvir). With increasing the concentrations of API, the colour intensity increases. All photographs were taken with smartphone and analysed using the photometrix PRO software. This application converts an image to an RGB histogram and regression models are included into the photometrix PRO application. By using Photometrix PRO and UV technique, the percent RSD of for all the three drugs was Using statistical tool i.e two paired test on both procedures for all the three different drugs, the results show that both are equally significant.
Keywords: UV spectrophotometry, Smartphone based colorimetry, Photometrix PRO, RGB Histogram
Pharmacist Care to Improve Medication Adherence and Quality Of Life of COPD Patients
Authors: Tamilselvan T. , Arya Alocious , Divya N. M. , Ananthu Nandakumar , Anjali K A , Sailakshmi S 
Published: June 2022

The objective of this study was to determine whether pharmaceutical care by pharmacists could improve medication adherence and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or not. A prospective interventional study was conducted among 156 patients to assess medication adherence and find the reason for non-adherence, analyze the quality of life, and provide counseling to improve the quality of life in patients, to determine whether pharmaceutical care by pharmacists could improve medication adherence as well as the quality of life and to prepare patient information leaflet to educate the patients regarding the disease. Prescriptions were collected and Medication Adherence Questionnaire and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire were used to assess medication adherence and quality of life respectively. Among 156 patients, 76 were taken as a control group and the other 80 were taken as an intervention group. At the baseline, the patients in both intervention and control groups were found to have no significant difference. After the second follow-up, the total quality of life score was improved significantly in the intervention group when compared with the control group (53.55 ± 6.79 vs.68.89 ± 9.13, p=0.001). Medication adherence was significantly improved after pharmacist intervention (6.38 ± 1.53, 7.42 ± 0.74, p=0.001) as compared with control group(4.73 ± 2.16, 4.89 ± 2.18, p=0.01). As per the study results, the implementation of pharmacist intervention played an important role in improving medication adherence as well as the quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. It may improve patient outcomes and reduce their social and economic burdens.
Keywords: Pharmacist intervention, Medication adherence, COPD, MAQ, SGRQ.
Role of Primary Care in Management of Heart Failure Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): A Literature Review
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Nurapipah Pepi , Nurusshofa Zahra , Rininta Rininta 
Published: June 2022

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a non-communicable disease with the prevalence increasing globally. HFpEF has signs and symptoms of typical heart failure, with EF >50%, and structural heart disease or raised BNP. Primary care has an important role to prevent the progression of HFpEF. In this study, we review the importance of primary care in HFpEF management and the gaps with the newest ESC guideline in real practice. The challenges in the diagnosis of HFpEF result in treatment delayed or disease progression. Since there is a new drug has been added to the newest guideline, prior guideline adherence in primary care is suboptimal. Communication is the key to bridging the physician and expert. More epidemiological study of HFpEF in the specific region would be a starting point in an effort for adapting standardized guidelines and this requires a health system with appropriate resources and incentives.
Keywords: HFpEF, primary care, disease prevention, guideline, communication.
Organogenesis from Leaf-derived Calli of S. potatorum L. f.: A Vulnerable Medicinal Tree Species
Authors: VIJAYA KUMAR VEERAN , SARALLA RAJAKUMARAN PATHMAVATHI , KANNAN PALANISAMY - 
Published: June 2022

An efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of Strychnos potatorum L. f. through indirect organogenesis was developed using mature leaf disc explants. The explants were selected from twenty years old tree. Cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) was used for the induction of organogenic calli. A pale yellow coloured friable callus developed at 2 mg/L-1 2,4-D where showed higher morphogenic potential. Further de-novo shoots formation and multiplication in optimal concentrations of cytokinins with different combinations of auxins. An average mean shoots number (14.2±0.42) and shoots height (3.5±0.27cm) was obtained from piece of calli in 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 1 mg/L-1 with 0.5 mg/L-1 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). BAP in combinations with NAA was found to be superior to shoot development than other combination used. The well developed shoots were transferred to root induction medium for effective rooting. The rooting medium consisted of in half-strength MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg/L-1 NAA was used. The maximal mean number of roots per shoots 6.5±0.53 was recorded in 4 weeks. The rooted plantlets were removed from the culture tubes, gently washed with sterile double distilled water to remove agar adhering on the plant surface. The regenerated plants were transferred to plastic cups filled with a potting mixture containing sterile sand and soilrite (1:1 ratio) and allowed to grow in the greenhouse. The slowly acclimatized plants were further transferred to substrate containing red soil and farmyard manure (1:1) for effective hardening. 75% survival rate was recorded. This protocol can be useful for the ex-situ conservation and rehabilitation of this vulnerable medicinal tree S. potatorum.
Keywords: Indirect organogenesis, friable callus, shoot development, 6-benzylaminopurine, α-naphthalene acetic acid
Training: Priority Analysis of Health Problems and Activity Intervention Priorities for Village Apparatus in the Work Area of the Benteng Health Center
Authors: Akhiat Akhiat 
Published: June 2022

Establishing Priorities in population health issues and determining priorities in the intervention programs implemented are important given the limitations of HR and financial resources. Health problems must be addressed inclusively, that is, together with relevant agencies. This study aims to look at the effect of health education on prioritizing health issues and their interventions on the knowledge of village officials. This research was conducted in Pangkalan Baru District. The research sample used was 30 people. The method used is pre-experimental design with one group pre-test post-test design. Data collection using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses the Wilcoxon technique. The results showed that the knowledge of the Village Apparatus before being given health education with an average value of 74.21 and after being given health education became 91.3%. Hypothesis test results with an error rate of 0.05 obtained p value <0.05 means that there are significant differences from the knowledge of the Village Apparatus after and before the training
Keywords: Health, Problem, Intervention
La esteatohepatitis no alcohólica: una causa emergente de cirrosis en Colombia
Authors: Vélez Aguirre Juan David , Lepesqueur Guillén Lourdes Helene , Yepes Barreto Ismael de Jesús 
Published: June 2022

Introducción: la cirrosis hepática es una importante causa de morbimortalidad en América Latina; el incremento de la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en nuestra población podría estar cambiando el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica avanzada.
Objetivos: caracterizar un grupo de pacientes con cirrosis hepática y determinar la contribución de la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (NASH) como factor etiológico de esta población en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, en un centro de atención ambulatoria de hepatología.
Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, transversal, analítico. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que acudieron al seguimiento de hepatología con diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática que se encontraban en el protocolo de seguimiento semestral que incluía el cribado de hepatocarcinoma y várices esofágicas.
Resultados: se incluyeron 346 pacientes. La mayoría fueron mujeres (54,3 %). La primera y segunda causa de cirrosis fue la criptogénica (35 %) y la NASH (30,9 %), respectivamente; seguidas de las hepatitis virales (17 %) y enfermedades autoinmunes (9 %). De estos pacientes, el 87,4 % se encontraba dentro de las categorías A y B de la escala pronóstica de Child-Turcotte-Pugh, y solo el 12,5 % (33 pacientes) en estadio C. El 60 % había presentado al menos una descompensación clínica, 38 % tenía antecedentes de hemorragia por várices y 4 %, diagnóstico de hepatocarcinoma. El 80,6 % de los pacientes con cirrosis NASH era diabético y el 46,7 % tenía exceso de peso.
Conclusión: La cirrosis NASH es una causa emergente de enfermedad hepática crónica avanzada en Colombia.
Colitis microscópica, serie de casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Prieto Ortíz Robin Germán , Rendón Hernández Juliana , Ballén-Párraga Hernán 
Published: June 2022

Introducción: la colitis microscópica es una enfermedad benigna y multifactorial caracterizada por la presencia de diarrea acuosa y alteraciones histológicas en la mucosa colónica. La incidencia de esta enfermedad viene en aumento y su diagnóstico se realiza cada vez con mayor frecuencia.
Métodos: estudio retrospectivo en el que se revisaron los pacientes por medio de colonoscopia y biopsias por diagnóstico de diarrea crónica en un período de 22 meses en una unidad de gastroenterología, y en quienes mediante la clínica y el análisis histológico se confirmó el diagnóstico de colitis microscópica.
Resultados: en el período de estudio se realizó un total de 2849 colonoscopias, 116 en pacientes con diarrea crónica. Se identificaron 15 pacientes con colitis microscópica, 12 fueron hombres (80 %) y solo hubo 3 mayores de 60 años (20 %).
Conclusión: a diferencia de lo informado en la literatura mundial, en este estudio se encontró que la colitis microscópica en nuestros pacientes compromete especialmente al sexo masculino (relación hombre/mujer: 4/1) y se presenta en personas jóvenes, con un promedio de edad de 47,5 años (rango de 21 a 82 años).
The Impact of Audit Committee IT Expertise on Data Breaches
Authors: Chen Chu , Hartmann Caroline , Gottfried Anne 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The continued risk of cyberattacks has led regulatory and governance bodies to call on boards to take a more active role in overseeing and preventing future cyber risks. Boards have responded by delegating cyber risk responsibilities to board technology committees and increasingly the audit committee (AC). This study examines whether information technology expertise at the AC level impacts the likelihood of a data breach occurrence. Using a sample of firms who experienced a data breach from 2005 to 2018, we find that AC IT expertise is negatively associated with the likelihood of a data breach occurrence and is associated with a reduction in external and internal data breaches. Our findings highlight the importance of ACs being actively involved in strategic decisions related to IT security and provide empirical evidence that IT expertise enhances the AC's monitoring ability and oversight of cybersecurity risks.
Python Code and Illustrative Crisis Management Data from Twitter
Authors: Wang Yen-Yao 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the Python code and illustrative crisis management data from Twitter. The code includes Twitter data collection and three machine learning algorithms that are readily usable. Three machine learning algorithms generate sentiment measures, extract topics from the tweets, and compare the similarity of topics across time. The code and the illustrative data will be accessible to researchers that are interested in using Twitter data to analyze a wide range of public perceptions and responses such as StockTwits activity; firm events such as the announcement of investment decisions or security breaches; public movements such as #earthday; and significant global events such as the invasion of Ukraine. A better understanding of the code and datasets will enable researchers in this field to engage in more extensive studies that fully utilize this rich data source to capture public perceptions.
Mina ryska vänner
Authors: Krohg-Sørensen Kristian 
Published: June 2022

I Mina ryska vänner skriver den svenske journalisten Johanna Melén godt og innsiktsfullt om egne opplevelser i Russland fra Putins maktovertakelse. Likevel støter hun på et kjent problem: Hvor mye mer kan en bok om Russlands nære historie bli enn en nok en Putin-biografi?
Mina ryska vänner (My Russian Friends) is a well-written and insightful book by the Swedish journalist Johanna Melén about her experiences in Russia after Putin's ascent to power. However, she encounters a common problem: How much more can a book on Russia's recent history be than yet another Putin biography?
FUNCTIONAL ABILITY INDEXES IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE AFTER COVID-19 INFECTION
Authors: Rakita N.S. , Klimansky R.P. , Kozynsky O.V. , Seleznyova S.V. , Shorikova D.V. 
Published: June 2022

The aim – to investigate the clinical course, progression of motor and mental disorders inpatients with Parkinson’s disease who relapsed with COVID-19.Materials and methods. 36 people with Parkinson’s disease in early postinfective (30 days)period were surveyed. Mobility was assessed using the de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI),the Hierarchical Assessment of Equilibrium and Mobility (HABAM), and the Bartel MobilityIndex. Movement ability was assessed by functional mobility categories (FAC).Results. After suff ering from coronavirus disease, patients showed signifi cant deteriorationin mobility on the DEMMI, HABAM and Barthel index scales. The DEMMI scale showeda deterioration in mobility 17% (p <0.05) compared to baseline. The HABAM balanceand mobility index showed a 50.0% decrease in patients’ functional capacity for the
disease (p<0.05), followed by an incredible increase in the HABAM index after long-term rehabilitation. There was a decrease in the mobility of patients with Parkinsonism
according to the Barthel index 37.5%.Conclusions. After coronavirus disease, patients with Parkinson’s disease havea signifi cant deterioration in functional capacity, mobility indices, mobility and balanceon the DEMMI, HABAM and Barthel scales.
PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISTURBANCES OF PRO- AND ANTICOAGULATION INTERRELATIONS UNDER CONDITIONS OF ACUTE STROKE
Authors: Tkachuk S.S. , Godovanets Yu.V. , Tkachuk O.V. , Povar M.A. , Denysenko O.I. 
Published: June 2022

Objective – to analyze the present-day views on pathogenesis of the impairedhemocoagulation at acute cerebral circulation disturbances and the role of separate
factors of the bloodcoagulation of the cerebral origin in the mechanisms of ischemic-reperfusion stroke.
Conclusions. Analysis of the present views on the hemocoagulation state at acutedisorders of the cerebral blood fl ow testifi es to availability of both systemic and cerebraldisturbances of hemostasis factors and their interdependence in the mechanisms of thebrain damage.