bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting the Catalytic Performance of CuOx in CO2 Hydrogenation by Incorporating CeO2 Promoters
Authors: Xu Jinhui , Li Lingling , Pan Jing , Cui Wenjie , Liang Xi , Yu Yang , Liu Bo , Wang Xiao , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCopper is one of the most promising components in CO2 hydrogenation reactions, however, it still seriously suffers from the lower capability in CO2 activity, as well as poor durability. Herein, a novel copper‐cerium mixed metal oxide is fabricated via a controllable surface deposition route, showing excellent catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation. Of particular note, among the various samples with tunable Cu/Ce molar ratios, the obtained CuOx‐5CeO2 containing 0.42% Ce exhibits the highest catalytic activity with ≈31% CO2 conversion and 98% CO selectivity at 380 °C, as well as an excellent stability for 50 h. The as‐prepared catalysts are then characterized by H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction, CO2‐termperature programmed desorption, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy to explore the possible reaction pathways. The results indicate the significance of the interactions between CuOx and CeO2, which can facilitate the activation of H2 and CO2 simultaneously, to promote the formation of formate intermediates.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped KMn8O16 with Oxygen Vacancy for Stable Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Guodong , Zeng Yinxiang , Wu Jinfang , Guo Yan , Gu Xiaojun , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of MnO2 as a cathode for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is severely limited by the low intrinsic electrical conductivity and unstable crystal structure. Herein, a multifunctional modification strategy is proposed to construct N‐doped KMn8O16 with abundant oxygen vacancy and large specific surface area (named as N‐KMO) through a facile one‐step hydrothermal approach. The synergetic effects of N‐doping, oxygen vacancy, and porous structure in N‐KMO can effectively suppress the dissolution of manganese ions, and promote ion diffusion and electron conduction. As a result, the N‐KMO cathode exhibits dramatically improved stability and reaction kinetics, superior to the pristine MnO2 and MnO2 with only oxygen vacancy. Remarkably, the N‐KMO cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 262 mAh g−1 after 2500 cycles at 1 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 91%. Simultaneously, the highest specific capacity can reach 298 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Theoretical calculations reveal that the oxygen vacancy and N‐doping can improve the electrical conductivity of MnO2 and thus account for the outstanding rate performance. Moreover, ex situ characterizations indicate that the energy storage mechanism of the N‐KMO cathode is mainly a H+ and Zn2+ co‐insertion/extraction process.
Phosphorus Vacancies as Effective Polysulfide Promoter for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Rui , Bai Yu , Bai Zhe , Peng Lin , Luo Min , Qu Meixiu , Gao Yangchen , Wang Zhenhua , Sun Wang , Sun Kening 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries have aroused great interest in the context of rechargeable batteries, while the shuttle effect and sluggish conversion kinetics severely handicap their development. Defect engineering, which can adjust the electronic structures of electrocatalyst, and thus affect the surface adsorption and catalytic process, has been recognized as a good strategy to solve the above problems. However, research on phosphorus vacancies has been rarely reported, and how phosphorus vacancies affect battery performance remains unclear. Herein, CoP with phosphorus vacancies (CoP‐Vp) is fabricated to study the enhancement mechanism of phosphorus vacancies in Li–S chemistry. The derived CoP‐Vp features a low Co‐P coordination number and the introduced phosphorus vacancies mainly exist in the form of clusters. The obtained CoP‐Vp can reinforce the affinity to lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and thus the shuttle effect can be restrained. In addition, the reduced reaction energy barriers and the promoted diffusion of Li+ can accelerate redox kinetics. Electrochemical tests and in situ Raman results confirm the advantages of phosphorus vacancies. The S/CNT‐CoP‐Vp electrode presents outstanding cycling performance and achieves a high capacity of 8.03 mAh cm−2 under lean electrolyte condition (E/S = 5 μLE mg−1S). This work provides a new insight into improving the performance of Li–S batteries through defect engineering.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐3‐acyl‐1H‐indoles with α‐Diazo Carbonyl Compounds: Synthesis of 5‐Carbonyl Substituted Benzo[a]carbazoles via [5+1] Annulation
Authors: Li Bin , Shen Nana , Wang Kelin , Fan Xuesen , Zhang Xinying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient synthesis of 5‐carbonyl substituted benzo[a]carbazoles via Rh(III)‐catalyzed [5+1] annulation reaction of 2‐aryl‐3‐acyl‐1H‐indoles with α‐diazo carbonyl compounds is presented. The cascade process is accomplished by a C−H bond alkylation, cyclization and aromatization. Notably, this novel method features broad substrate compatibility and good functional group tolerance. In addition, the synthetic applications of this protocol have also been demonstrated by gram‐scale synthesis and derivatization to an antitumor agent.
“We will start building from that”: Social capital, social networks and African migrants’ job‐seeking experiences in Australia
Authors: Olliff Louise , Baak Melanie , Baddeley Michelle , Lino Lejukole James , Munyonge Everine , Saidi Ibrahim , Treuren Gerrit J. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article explores the job‐seeking experiences of Black African migrants in South Australia, focussing on the role played by social networks in labour market integration. While it has been long held that “who you know” matters when finding work, the quality and nature of interpersonal connections that can be put to use for job‐seeking purposes suggests that not all networks effectively leverage social capital when it comes to employment. This article argues that Africa‐born migrants in South Australia are a small, diverse population whose experiences of labour market integration are mediated by both reception (how they are received and perceived) and strategy and choice (decisions made by migrants themselves). There is evidence of these migrants’ evolving and expanding social networks; however, the strategy of building the “right” social networks only goes part‐way to addressing employment gaps, while racialised social hierarchies are embedded in the Australian labour market.
Slowing gait speed precedes cognitive decline by several years
Authors: Skillbäck Tobias , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Skoog Johan , Rydén Lina , Wetterberg Hanna , Guo Xinxin , Sacuiu Simona , Mielke Michelle M. , Zettergren Anna , Skoog Ingmar , Kern Silke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn this longitudinal study, we aimed to examine if slowing gait speed preceded cognitive decline and correlated with brain amyloidosis.MethodsThe sample (n = 287) was derived from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, with follow‐ups between 2000 and 2015. Gait speed was measured by indoor walk, and cognition using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score. All participants had CDR = 0 at baseline. Some participants had data on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐42 concentrations at the 2009 examination.ResultsGait speed for participants who worsened in CDR score during follow‐up was slower at most examinations. Baseline gait speed could significantly predict CDR change from baseline to follow‐up. Subjects with pathological CSF Aβ1‐42 concentrations at the 2009 visit had lost more gait speed compared to previous examinations.DiscussionOur results indicate that gait speed decline precedes cognitive decline, is linked to Alzheimer's pathology, and might be used for early detection of increased risk for dementia development.
Projecting the long‐term societal value of a disease‐modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease in the United States
Authors: Prados Maria J. , Liu Ying , Jun Hankyung , Lam Jenny , Mattke Soeren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe estimate societal value of a disease‐modifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment that reduces progression by 30% in early stages.MethodsUsing the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research value flower as framework, we estimate gross societal value, that is, not including treatment cost, from avoided medical and social care costs, productivity and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALY) gains for patients and caregivers, adjusting for severity of disease, value of financial insurance, and value of insurance for currently unafflicted adults with a Markov model.ResultsPredicted societal value from 2021 until 2041 is $2.62 trillion for the overall afflicted US population and $986 billion for the 2021 prevalent cohort or $134,418 per person, with valuation of patients’ QALY gains (63%) and avoided nursing‐home costs (20%) as largest components. Delays in access because of health system capacity constraints could reduce realized value between 52% and 69%. The value of insurance for the unafflicted is $4.52 trillion or $18,399 on average per person.DiscussionWith a total of $5.5 trillion, the projected gross societal value of a hypothetical AD treatment is substantial, which may help to put the cost of treatment into perspective.
Rice bran wax structured oleogels and in vitro bioaccessibility of curcumin
Authors: Dent Terrence , Hallinan Robert , Chitchumroonchokchai Chureeporn , Maleky Farnaz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurcumin, the bioactive compound found in turmeric, exhibits a wide range of health‐promoting properties. However, its application in food formulations and as nutritional supplements is limited by its poor bioaccessibility. This study investigates the effects of curcumin on the structure formation and physical properties of oleogels made with three different concentrations of rice bran wax (RBW) (2%, 6%, and 10% w/w) compared to an ungelled control oil and examines the bioaccessibility of curcumin contained in those lipid systems. The physical and structural properties were characterized using a penetration test, solid fat content, polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Data analysis revealed no significant differences in polymorphic or thermal properties between oleogels with and without curcumin; however, differences in microstructural properties were documented for oleogels with curcumin. Moreover, the percent of lipid crystallinity in 6% and 10% RBW oleogel increased in samples containing curcumin. An in vitro simulated digestion study showed that curcumin bioaccessibility significantly increased with increasing RBW content relative to the ungelled control. Results from this study provide insight into the potential utilization of RBW oleogels for delivering curcumin and other poorly water‐soluble compounds in food, dietary supplement, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products.
The morphology and differentiation of stromal cells in the cortex of follicles in the bursa of Fabricius of the chicken
Authors: Oláh Imre , Felföldi Balázs , Benyeda Zsófia , Nagy Nándor , Kovács Tamás 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMesenchymal reticular cells (MRCs) form a supporting system in the cortex of the bursal follicle. The stellate‐shaped MRCs exhibit a low electron density, which is helpful for their identification. A remarkable feature of MRC is the formation of multiple blebs in the nuclear envelope. The large, irregularly shaped blebs—which are perinuclear spaces—may be detached from the nuclear membrane, creating a sac‐like granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER). Inside the bleb, membrane‐bound bodies originate from cytoplasmic impressions. The cytoplasm contains a few round mitochondria, in which the internal membranes form either ovoid vesicles or the entire internal structure is indistinct. These mitochondria may be associated with the blebs. The classical Golgi complex with cis and trans faces cannot be recognized, but the accumulation of very small vesicles occurs around two or three stacked flat cisterns. The MRC forms a continuous layer along the corticomedullary basal lamina (CMBL), and during cell migration between the cortex and medulla, it may contribute to the temporary closure of the gap in the CMBL. At the outer surface of the cortex, transitory cells between the MRC and fibrocytes of the interfollicular connective tissue are present, and both cells can produce GER by blebbing. This finding suggests that MRCs and fibrocytes may have a common origin. The other stromal cell is the macrophage (Ma), which may fuse together to form multinucleated giant cells. The definition of histological classification of the third type of stromal cell is questionable, but certain morphological features may be referred to as progenitors of MRCs.
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the immune cell system and epithelial surfaces of the respiratory organs in the bimodally breathing African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Maina John Ndegwa , Icardo Jose Manuel , Zaccone Giacomo , Aragona Marialuisa , Lauriano Eugenia Rita , Alesci Alessio , Albano Marco , Guerrera Maria Cristina , Germana Antonino , Fernandes Jorge Manuel Oliveira , Kiron Viswanath , Capillo Gioele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcetylcholine (Ach) represents the old neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system. Its muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs) constitute an independent cholinergic system that is found in immune cells and play a key role in the regulation of the immune function and cytokine production. Gas exchanging surfaces of the gills and air‐breathing organs (ABOs) of the sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus were investigated using ultrastructural and confocal immunofluorescence techniques. This study was predominantly focused on the structure of the immune cell types, the expression of their neurotransmitters, including the antimicrobial peptide piscidin 1, and the functional significance of respiratory gas exchange epithelia. A network of immune cells (monocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells) was observed in the gill and the ABO epithelia. Eosinophils containing 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) immunoreactivity were seen in close association with mast cells expressing acetylcholine (Ach), 5‐HT, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and piscidin 1. A rich and dense cholinergic innervation dispersing across the islet capillaries of the gas exchange barrier and the localization of Ach in the squamous pavement cells covering the capillaries were evidenced byVAChT antibodies. We report for the first time that piscidin 1 (Pis 1)‐positive mast cells interact with Pis 1‐positive nerves found in the epithelia of the respiratory organs. Pis 1 immunoreactivity was also observed in the covering respiratory epithelium of the ABOs and associated with a role in local mucosal immune defense. The above results anticipate future studies on the neuro‐immune interactions at mucosal barrier surfaces, like the gill and the skin of fish, areas densely populated by different immune cells and sensory nerves that constantly sense and adapt to tissue‐specific environmental challenges.
Potential of the CRISPR‐Cas system for improved parasite diagnosis
Authors: You Hong , Gordon Catherine A. , MacGregor Skye R. , Cai Pengfei , McManus Donald P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas technology accelerates development of fast, accurate, and portable diagnostic tools, typified by recent applications in COVID‐19 diagnosis. Parasitic helminths cause devastating diseases afflicting 1.5 billion people globally, representing a significant public health and economic burden, especially in developing countries. Currently available diagnostic tests for worm infection are neither sufficiently sensitive nor field‐friendly for use in low‐endemic or resource‐poor settings, leading to underestimation of true prevalence rates. Mass drug administration programs are unsustainable long‐term, and diagnostic tools – required to be rapid, specific, sensitive, cost‐effective, and user‐friendly without specialized equipment and expertise – are urgently needed for rapid mapping of helminthic diseases and monitoring control programs. We describe the key features of the CRISPR‐Cas12/13 system and emphasise its potential for the development of effective tools for the diagnosis of parasitic and other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), a key recommendation of the NTDs 2021–2030 roadmap released by the World Health Organization.
Ensuring robustness in the quality of antibiotic susceptibility test discs for four novel antibiotics
Authors: Ahirrao Vinod K. , Jadhav Rajiv A. , Vaidya Suyog N. , Bhagwat Sachin S. , Yeole Ravindra D. , Patel Mahesh V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAntibiotic susceptibility test (AST) discs are used as an in‐vitro diagnostic tool to select the appropriate antibiotic to treat an infection. Generally, the concentration of the drug loaded on to the AST discs is measured by studying its activity against quality control organisms. This methodology has several limitations—it is time consuming, requires trained manpower, has a wider acceptance criteria of zone of inhibitions—causing ambiguity in judging smaller variations in drug concentration. To overcome these issues, we have developed and validated high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods for the determination of strength of AST discs for in‐house researched antibiotics, namely Levonadifloxacin/WCK 771, Nafithromycin/WCK 4873, Cefepime‐Tazobactam/WCK 4282, and Cefepime‐Zidebactam/WCK 5222. The drugs were extracted from the AST discs using an appropriate solvent. The developed methods are simple, accurate, precise, reproducible, rugged, and robust. They are efficient in terms of time, and can be easily conducted in a quality control laboratory during release as well as stability evaluation of AST disc. Application of HPLC methods for the determination of strength of AST discs ensures flawless quality and, consequently, a better selection of drugs to treat bacterial infections in clinics.
Rifaximin protects SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells from iron overload‐induced cytotoxicity via inhibiting STAT3/NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Yuan Qi , Hu Xiaoxuan , Liao Jinmao , Kuang Jia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute or chronic liver disease‐caused liver failure is the cause of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), characterized by neuropsychiatric manifestations. Liver diseases potentially lead to peripheral iron metabolism dysfunction and surges of iron concentration in the brain, contributing to the pathophysiological process of degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. In this study, the mechanism of rifaximin treating HE was investigated. Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC)‐induced iron overload significantly reduced the proliferation and boosted the apoptosis in SH‐SY5Y cells through increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inducing iron metabolism disorder. Rifaximin treatment could rectify the FAC‐induced iron overload and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced iron deposition, therefore, effectively protecting SH‐SY5Y cells from ROS‐induced cell injury and apoptosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling is involved in the protective function of rifaximin against LPS‐induced iron deposition. The therapeutic effect of rifaximin on HE associated with acute hepatic failure in mouse model was ascertained. In conclusion, Rifaximin could effectively protect SH‐SY5Y cells against injury caused by iron overload through the rectification of the iron metabolism disorder via the STAT3/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
CREG mitigates neonatal HIE injury through survival promotion and apoptosis inhibition in hippocampal neurons via activating AKT signaling
Authors: Chen Dan , Zhang Yi , Ji Lian , Wu Yubin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (Neonatal HIE) is a common but serious disease caused by perinatal asphyxia injury in newborns. Elevated neuronal apoptosis plays an important role in the injury process post hypoxia ischemia of the brain, which accurate mechanism is still worthy to be studied. Cellular repressor of E1A‐stimulated genes (CREG) possesses the protective effect in ischemia‐reperfusion in multiple organs, including livers and hearts. The main purpose of this work was to investigate whether CREG was involved in alleviating neonatal HIE and explore the possible mechanisms. We found that CREG expression was downregulated in the hippocampus of neonatal HIE rats as well as oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)‐treated hippocampal neurons. Besides, CREG overexpression promoted survival while inhibited apoptosis in OGD/R‐induced hippocampal neurons accompanied by AKT signaling activation, which could be reversed by CREG silence. In addition, the protective effects of CREG overexpression could be antagonized by AKT deactivation, indicating the function of CREG was attributed by regulating AKT pathway. Collectedly, we demonstrated that CREG protected hippocampal neurons from hypoxic ischemia‐induced injury through regulating survival and apoptosis via activating AKT signaling pathway.
In‐situ ATR‐IR Spectroscopy Reveals Complex Absorption‐Diffusion Dynamics in Model Polymer‐Membrane‐Catalyst Assemblies (PCMA)
Authors: Enes da Silva Maria Joao , Banerjee Aayan , Lefferts Leon , Faria Albanese Jimmy Alexander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMolecular transport in porous media plays an essential role in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we have studied a Polymer‐Membrane‐Catalyst Assembly (PCMA) system consisting of PET membranes with a well‐defined pore structure coated with thermo‐responsive polymer (poly(n‐isopropylacrylamide) or p‐NIPAM) coupled to an in‐situ ATR‐IR cell containing palladium supported on γ‐Al2O3. This PCMA model is designed to mimic the structure of a core‐shell catalyst coated with stimulus responsive polymer. At low temperatures (<32 °C), where p‐NIPAM is in its swollen state, the addition of polymer brushes caused a delay in CO chemisorption on Pd. Strikingly, when the polymer collapses (>32 °C), we observed faster CO−Pd saturation. Our multi‐physics model of the CO transport and chemisorption on the PCMA suggests that the delay is caused by the strong affinity of the CO molecules with the polymer brushes. When stimulus responsive polymers are present, a complex interplay between diffusion and absorption determines the dynamic behavior of the system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this behavior could be reversed by reducing the ratio of polymer inside the pores and the surface, in which the delay observed is now above the LCST. This new insights on the dynamics of transport, absorption, and chemisorption processes occurring on so‐called “nano‐reactors” provide new opportunities for developing new self‐regulating catalysts with faster transitions between ON‐ and OFF‐ states.
Sequential Visible Light‐Induced Reactions Using Different Photocatalysts: Transformation of Furans into 2‐Pyridones via γ‐Lactams Using a New Ring Expansion Reaction
Authors: Kalaitzakis Dimitris , Bosveli Artemis , Montagnon Tamsyn , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new photocatalytic ring expansion reaction that transforms γ‐lactams into 2‐pyridones is described. The reaction is radical‐triggered and was inspired by a late‐stage oxidation commonly observed in fungal metabolism. The reaction is particularly powerful because it can be included in a one pot process which converts readily accessible furans directly into 2‐pyridones through sequential photo‐induced reactions (energy transfer and electron transfer). The study also unveiled unprecedented reactivity for the mild and metal‐free photocatalyst eosin, wherein it is used to cleave a C−I bond activated only by an electron donor on the neighbouring carbon.