bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the degree of pain relief following discoblock and short-term surgical disability outcome among patients with suspected discogenic low back pain
Authors: Korhonen Tero , Pesälä Juha , Järvinen Jyri , Haapea Marianne , Niinimäki Jaakko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate how well the degree of pain relief after discoblock predicts the disability outcome of subsequent fusion or total disc replacement (TDR) surgery, based on short-term Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a set of patients who had undergone discoblock and subsequent fusion or TDR surgery of the same lumbar intervertebral disc due to suspected discogenic chronic LBP between 2011 and 2018. We calculated the degree of pain relief following discoblock (ΔNRS) and the changes in both absolute and percentual ODI scores (ΔODI and ΔODI%, respectively) following fusion or TDR surgery. We analyzed the statistical significance of ΔNRS and ΔODI and the correlation (Spearman’s rho) between ΔNRS and ΔODI%. The fusion and TDR group were analyzed both in combination and separately.

Results
Fifteen patients were eligible for the current study (fusion n=9, TDR n=6). ΔNRS was statistically significant in all groups, and ΔODI was statistically significant in the combined group and in the fusion group alone. The parameters of both decreased. We found a Spearman’s rho of 0.57 (p=0.026) between ΔNRS and ΔODI% for the combined group. The individual Spearman’s rho values were 0.85 (p=0.004) for the fusion group and 0.62 (p=0.191) for the TDR group.

Conclusions
We suggest that discoblock is a useful predictive criterion for disability outcome prior to surgery for discogenic LBP, especially when stabilizing spine surgery is under consideration.

Ethical committee number
174/2019 (Oulu University Hospital Ethics Committee).
Conservatorship, quantitative easing, and mortgage spreads: a new multi-equation score-driven model of policy actions
Authors: Blazsek Szabolcs , Blazsek Virag , Kobor Adam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of United States (US) policy actions on mortgage-backed security and mortgage loan spreads are measured, by using data before, during, and after the US subprime mortgage crisis. We study the effects of the following policy actions: (i) the placement of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into US Government conservatorship; (ii) the US Federal Reserve quantitative easing (QE) programs. We provide the following contributions to the literature: (i) for a robust measurement of policy effects, a new multi-equation score-driven t-QVARMA (quasi-vector autoregressive moving average) model is used. (ii) In addition to the measurement of the effects of QE, the effects of government conservatorship are also measured in this paper. (iii) Furthermore, the data period of the relevant literature is extended to the period of June 1998 to March 2020.
Verschleißverhalten beim Bohren von NE-Legierungen
Authors: Uhlmann Eckart , Brücher Marcus , Lachmund Uwe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Diamantbeschichtete Werkzeuge stellen bei der spanenden Bearbeitung hochabrasiver und -fester Werkstoffe eine Alternative zu den PKD-Werkzeugen oder unbeschichteten Hartmetallen dar. Insbesondere aufgrund ihrer Geometrieunabhängigkeit wird die Diamantbeschichtung auch bei Bohrern eingesetzt, bei denen PKD-Schneideinsätze nur unter hohen Kosten verwendbar sind.
Spectral Fingerprints of Cortical Neuromodulation
Authors: Radetz Angela , Siegel Markus 
Published: March 2022

Pupil size has been established as a versatile marker of noradrenergic and cholinergic neuromodulation, which has profound effects on neuronal processing, cognition, and behavior. However, little is known about the cortical control and effects of pupil-linked neuromodulation. Here, we show that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled to temporally, spectrally, and spatially specific modulations of local and large-scale cortical population activity in the human brain. We quantified the dynamics of band-limited cortical population activity in resting human subjects using magnetoencephalography and investigated how neural dynamics were linked to simultaneously recorded pupil dynamics. Our results show that pupil-linked neuromodulation does not merely affect cortical population activity in a stereotypical fashion. Instead, we identified three frontal, precentral, and occipitoparietal networks, in which local population activity with distinct spectral profiles in the theta, beta, and alpha bands temporally preceded and followed changes in pupil size. Furthermore, we found that amplitude coupling at ∼16 Hz in a large-scale frontoparietal network predicted pupil dynamics. Our results unravel network-specific spectral fingerprints of cortical neuromodulation in the human brain that likely reflect both the causes and effects of neuromodulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain function is constantly affected by modulatory neurotransmitters. Pupil size has been established as a versatile marker of noradrenergic and cholinergic neuromodulation. However, because the cortical correlates of pupil dynamics are largely unknown, fundamental questions remain unresolved. Which cortical networks control pupil-linked neuromodulation? Does neuromodulation affect cortical activity in a stereotypical or region-specific fashion? To address this, we quantified the dynamics of cortical population activity in human subjects using magnetoencephalography. We found that pupil dynamics are coupled to highly specific modulations of local and large-scale cortical activity in the human brain. We identified four cortical networks with distinct spectral profiles that temporally predicted and followed pupil size dynamics. These effects likely reflect both the cortical control and effect of neuromodulation.
Perspective: a stirring role for metabolism in cells
Authors: Losa José , Leupold Simeon , Alonso‐Martinez Diego , Vainikka Petteri , Thallmair Sebastian , Tych Katarzyna M , Marrink Siewert J , Heinemann Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on recent findings indicating that metabolism might be governed by a limit on the rate at which cells can dissipate Gibbs energy, in this Perspective, we propose a new mechanism of how metabolic activity could globally regulate biomolecular processes in a cell. Specifically, we postulate that Gibbs energy released in metabolic reactions is used to perform work, allowing enzymes to self‐propel or to break free from supramolecular structures. This catalysis‐induced enzyme movement will result in increased intracellular motion, which in turn can compromise biomolecular functions. Once the increased intracellular motion has a detrimental effect on regulatory mechanisms, this will establish a feedback mechanism on metabolic activity, and result in the observed thermodynamic limit. While this proposed explanation for the identified upper rate limit on cellular Gibbs energy dissipation rate awaits experimental validation, it offers an intriguing perspective of how metabolic activity can globally affect biomolecular functions and will hopefully spark new research.
Reduced fibrin clot lysis in Klinefelter syndrome associated with hypogonadism
Authors: Chang Simon , Goszczak Arkadiusz J , Skakkebæk Anne , Fedder Jens , Bojesen Anders , Bor M Vakur , de Maat Moniek P M , Gravholt Claus H , Münster Anna-Marie B 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is associated with increased risk of thrombosis. Hypogonadism and accumulating body fat in KS have a potential impact on fibrinolysis. In this study, we assessed the fibrinolytic system and the association with testosterone levels in KS.

Design
This study is a cross-sectional comparison of men with KS and age-matched male controls.

Methods
Fibrin clot lysis was evaluated by turbidity measurements and by measuring levels of individual fibrinolytic proteins in plasma samples. Fibrin clot structure was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Total testosterone was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Body fat was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results
In this study, 45 men with KS and 45 age- and education-matched controls were included. Men with KS had a 24% reduction in fibrin clot lysis compared with controls (46.2 ± 17.1 vs 60.6 ± 18.8 %/h, P  = 0.0003) and higher levels of fibrinogen, factor XIII (P ≤ 0.01), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (P  = 0.04). Men with KS had lower total testosterone (P  = 0.008) and higher body fat (P  = 0.001). In KS, reduced fibrin clot lysability was associated with higher fibrinogen and body fat related to decreasing total testosterone and hypogonadism among men with KS. Fibrin clot structure was not different compared to KS and controls.

Conclusions
Fibrin clot lysis in KS was markedly reduced, potentially contributing to a prothrombotic state and increasing thrombotic risk. Hypogonadism in KS was associated with increased fibrinogen and total body fat, predicting reduced fibrin clot lysis.
Reproductive Health and Substance Use Education for Autistic Youth
Authors: Graham Holmes Laura , Rast Jessica E. , Roux Anne M. , Rothman Emily F. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
We provide an update on reproductive health education (RHE) and substance use prevention education (SUPE) participation for autistic youth compared with other youth with and without individualized education plans (IEPs) and 504 plans. The 800 000 autistic youth served by the US special education system need education to make informed decisions about reproductive health and substance use.

METHODS
Data were from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2012, a survey designed to yield nationally representative estimates of the experiences of US youth. Autistic youth (n = 390) who received RHE and SUPE were compared with youth with all other IEP classifications (n = 4420), with a 504 plan (n = 350), and with no IEP or 504 plan (n = 980). All youth were ≥14 years old and able to self-report on a survey. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed for each group to identify characteristics associated with RHE and SUPE receipt.

RESULTS
Autistic youth reported a significantly lower rate of RHE (47.4%) and SUPE (49.6%) inclusion versus students with no IEP or 504 plan (59.2% and 57.4%, respectively). Autistic girls were more than twice as likely to report RHE receipt than autistic boys (55.1% vs 45.9%). For autistic youth, no markers for receipt of SUPE were identified.

CONCLUSIONS
Autistic youth are underserved when it comes to school-based RHE and SUPE, potentially undermining self-determination and leading to poorer lifespan health trajectories. Research and policy advocacy are needed to ensure that these youth have access to RHE and SUPE.
Roxadustat Versus Epoetin Alfa for Treating Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Dialysis: Results from the Randomized Phase 3 ROCKIES Study
Authors: Fishbane Steven , Pollock Carol A. , El-Shahawy Mohamed , Escudero Elizabeth T. , Rastogi Anjay , Van Bui Pham , Frison Lars , Houser Mark , Pola Maksym , Little Dustin J. , Guzman Nicolas , Pergola Pablo E. 
Published: March 2022

Significance Statement
Iron supplementation and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are currently recommended for treating anemia in patients with dialysis-dependent (DD)-CKD. However, safety concerns with ESAs have encouraged the development of alternative treatments for anemia. The phase 3 ROCKIES study is an international study of roxadustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, compared with epoetin alfa for the treatment of anemia of DD-CKD. Roxadustat was noninferior to epoetin alfa in increasing hemoglobin and reducing red blood cell transfusion, and reduced intravenous iron supplementation. Roxadustat was generally well tolerated and had an adverse event profile comparable to epoetin alfa. These results indicate that oral roxadustat is an effective alternative to parenteral ESA for the management of anemia in patients with DD-CKD.

Background
Concerns regarding cardiovascular safety with current treatments for anemia in patients with dialysis-dependent (DD)-CKD have encouraged the development of alternatives. Roxadustat, an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, stimulates erythropoiesis by increasing endogenous erythropoietin and iron availability.

Methods
In this open-label phase 3 study, patients with DD-CKD and anemia were randomized 1:1 to oral roxadustat three times weekly or parenteral epoetin alfa per local clinic practice. Initial roxadustat dose depended on erythropoiesis-stimulating agent dose at screening for patients already on them and was weight-based for those not on them. The primary efficacy end point was mean hemoglobin change from baseline averaged over weeks 28‒52 for roxadustat versus epoetin alfa, regardless of rescue therapy use, tested for noninferiority (margin, −0.75 g/dl). Adverse events (AEs) were assessed.

Results
Among 2133 patients randomized (n=1068 roxadustat, n=1065 epoetin alfa), mean age was 54.0 years, and 89.1% and 10.8% were on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, respectively. Mean (95% confidence interval) hemoglobin change from baseline was 0.77 (0.69 to 0.85) g/dl with roxadustat and 0.68 (0.60 to 0.76) g/dl with epoetin alfa, demonstrating noninferiority (least squares mean difference [95% CI], 0.09 [0.01 to 0.18]; P<0.001). The proportion of patients experiencing ≥1 AE and ≥1 serious AE was 85.0% and 57.6% with roxadustat and 84.5% and 57.5% with epoetin alfa, respectively.

Conclusions
Roxadustat effectively increased hemoglobin in patients with DD-CKD, with an AE profile comparable to epoetin alfa.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
Safety and Efficacy Study of Roxadustat to Treat Anemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, on Dialysis. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02174731.
SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses Are Not Associated with Protection against Reinfection in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shankar Sushma , Beckett Joseph , Tipton Tom , Ogbe Ane , Kasanyinga Mwila , Dold Christina , Lumley Sheila , Dengu Fungai , Rompianesi Gianluca , Elgilani Faysal , Longet Stephanie , Deeks Alexandra , Payne Rebecca P. , Duncan Christopher J.A. , Richter Alex , de Silva Thushan I. , Turtle Lance , Bull Katherine , Barnardo Martin , Friend Peter J. , Dunachie Susanna J. , Hester Joanna , Issa Fadi , Barnes Eleanor , Carroll Miles W. , Klenerman Paul 
Published: March 2022

Significance Statement
Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and mount poor neutralizing antibody responses after two-dose vaccination. Although serological responses have been associated with reduced rates of reinfection, the relationship between cellular immunogenicity and protection has not been established. We report, for the first time, high incidence of reinfection in patients on HD who are vaccine naive (25%), which identifies that T cell responses do not predict protection against reinfection. Instead, patients on HD who went on to become reinfected had mounted highly variable and sometimes robust proliferative T cell responses to a broad array of SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools during the primary infection. The understanding that SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell responses are not predictive of protection against future infection will be a critical issue when measuring clinical efficacy of vaccination in these vulnerable cohorts, particularly when facing rapidly emerging variants of concern.
Associative-verbal network as a reflection of markers of the national identity of Sakha people
Authors: Vasileva Alina Petrovna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The paper discusses the national culture Sakha language consciousness presented on the Yakut Associative dictionary, whose methodology was based on a mass associative experiment, resulted in an associative-verbal network, allowing not only a person's verbal memory fragment identification, but also a particular culture carriers of the world systemic image revelation. The author analyses the linguistically represented ​​northern ethnos culture traditional values through the prism of socio-cultural and linguistic processes determined by the globalized context. An attempt was made to identify the meanings that an ethnic group representatives put into certain traditional worldview key elements, national identity daily markers of the Sakha consciousness to understand their significant role in certain nation’s traditional national identity and culture formation and preservation.

Keywords: language consciousness; national identity and culture; associative-verbal network; worldview; lexicon.
Applied Psycholinguistics: A Science at the crossroads of cognition and language
Authors: Morais José 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Applied Psycholinguistics is a science that engages many others: experimental psychology, cognitive and neurocognitive sciences, linguistics, psychology of language and literacy, and educational and remediation sciences. The present paper’s objective is to show Science is itself a changing combination of ever-changing sciences without close boundaries, which implies the necessity of crossing domains in both research and learning. After a reminder of several topics of relevance to applied psycholinguistics, which concern mental processing, how cognition relates to the brain and to language, and how cognition and language engendered literacy, I argue that research in the corresponding sciences needs to be opened to other dimensions, such as society, culture, and politics. Finally, I evoke the history of the ideas regarding the isolationism of individualized sciences vs. their unification, taking, as examples of the latter, the early Marxism, and the International Movement for the Unity of Science from the fourth decade of the 20th century.

Keywords: Applied Psycholinguistics; literacy as product of cognition and language; concept of Science; history of scientific ideas; permeability of science to culture and politics.
Rapid Estimation of Seismic Intensities Using a New Algorithm That Incorporates Array Technologies and Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs)
Authors: Chen Wenkai , Wang Dun , Si Hongjun , Zhang Can 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTRapid seismic intensity maps for damaging earthquakes enable the swift implementation of earthquake disaster mitigation action, issuance of accurate tsunami warnings, and prevention of associated secondary disasters. However, many countries lack dense local seismic observation networks, making it infeasible to obtain accurate seismic intensity maps of earthquakes within a few hours, particularly for earthquakes that have considerable source extents. In this study, we developed a new algorithm for rapidly obtaining seismic intensity maps of damaging earthquakes. With our model, source energy radiation is acquired using backprojection, and then the locations and relative amplitudes of the fault geometry and subevents are determined. Peak ground accelerations and peak ground velocities (PGVs) are subsequently calculated based on ground-motion prediction equations and the distribution of the estimated subevents. PGVs are then further site-corrected using the VS30 database (Wald and Allen, 2007; Heath et al., 2020). The algorithm was applied to the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan and 2010 Mw 6.9 Yushu earthquakes, and the resulting seismic intensity maps were highly similar to those generated by field surveys. The algorithm is simple and straightforward to use, and local real-time instrument observations are not required. Calculations can be performed automatically, and reliable seismic intensity maps can be issued within 30 min following damaging earthquakes. The model’s application may assist greatly with rescue and recovery efforts, and enable tsunami hazards to be evaluated immediately following earthquakes, particularly in regions lacking dense observation networks.
Ecopolitical Mapping: A Multispecies Research Methodology for Environmental Communication
Authors: Benöhr Jens , Brinksma Maike , Donihue Ross , Farò David , Lara Antonia , Virik Kara Lena , Ponce de León Alejandro , Toro Cristian , Gygli Bastian , Romo Daniel , Walther Franziska E. 
Published: March 2022

Ecopolitical Mapping is a methodology which seeks to map encounters of love and disaster between humans and their more-than-human surroundings. This methodology, first coined by an transdisciplinary group of artists and researchers in South Chile, unfolds through collective mapping sessions using an ecopolitical approach to trace the power relationships between different species-beings. In this research document, we unpack our engagements with this methodology in three different scales and territories: the Biobío Watershed (Chile), Berlin City (Germany) and Europe (Continent). Each case presented a strong environmental communication component, which ended up with the translation of the stories of the encounters into illustrated maps. The methodological approach proposed here is intimate, political and situated. The map evolves from a supposed politically neutral artifact into a tool for environmental education, communication, and activism. We offer the notionand approach, hoping that this methodology can be practiced and refined by other humans, allies of the tentacle kinship.
A study of ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients
Authors: Morskole Sheetal , Som Vivek , Dubey Aditi , Kumar Kavita , Bamhane Preeti , Tekam Dev Kumar 
Published: March 2022

: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of ocular manifestation in HIV positive patients and to correlate ocular lesions with CD4 counts in HIV positive patients. The study was conducted as an observational study on seropositive HIV patients attending ART center and OPD department of ophthalmology during the study period of 2 years. Detailed sociodemographic and clinical history was obtained. Patients were subjected to thorough ophthalmologic evaluation and necessary investigations and findings were noted. Ocular manifestations could be observed in 36 (52.2%) cases. Among them, unilateral ocular manifestations were observed in 11 (15.9%) cases and bilateral involvement in 25 (36.2%) out of 69 patients. A wide spectrum of ocular manifestations were observed, most commonly of posterior segment. Ocular manifestations were not significantly associated with CD4 count (p&#62;0.05) except CMV retinitis which was significantly associated with lower CD4 count (&#60;150 in 14.3% cases). Papilledema was significantly associated with higher CD4 count (p&#60;0.05).Ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients has a wide range of presentation. Every HIV patient must be educated about their ocular condition and should be advised to undergo regular ophthalmic examinations. Health care professionals also should be educated and trained in every aspect so as to pick up early cases of ophthalmic manifestations of HIV and should have coordination with ART center for easy assessment, detection and treating of vision-threatening ocular lesions at the earliest possible.