bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Recovery from Concentrated Emulsions by Freezing–Thawing as an Alternative to Solvent‐Based Extraction: A Case Study on Mayonnaise
Authors: Okuro Paula K. , Viau Michèle , Kermarrec Alice , Cunha Rosiane L. , Meynier Anne , Berton‐Carabin Claire 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost analyses concerning the characterization of lipids present in complex food systems require separation and recovery of lipids prior to analysis. This may be achieved, for example, by solvent‐based extractions. In the case of concentrated emulsions, targeted physical destabilization and phase separation induced by a freeze–thaw treatment are also considered. This strategy would imply a simple, solvent‐free method with a high yield. In the present work, conventional mayonnaise and a vegan alternative are evaluated. The effect of the freezing–thawing conditions on lipid recovery, as compared to a classical solvent (hexane:n‐2‐propanol, 3:2 v/v)‐based extraction is investigated. In particular, two freezing temperatures (−20 and −80 °C) and the presence or not of additional water to aid phase separation are evaluated. The freezing temperature (which directly influences the rate and extent of water and lipid crystallization) largely impacts lipid recovery, in a matrix‐dependent manner: −20 °C is clearly the most suitable temperature for the conventional mayonnaise, whereas −80 °C seems somewhat better for the vegan alternative. Importantly, this alternative freezing–thawing approach does not alter the fatty acid composition nor the lipid class profile compared to a classical solvent extraction, which confirms its relevancy from a subsequent analytical perspective.Practical Applications: The induction of emulsion destabilization by freezing–thawing is a simple, high‐yield and solvent‐free methodology (i.e., compatible with green chemistry) for lipid recovery regarding analytical purposes. Lipid recovery can be greatly improved by settling the involved conditions. Herein authors propose some guidelines for selecting and reasoning over procedure parameters in concentrated emulsions. The performance of lipid recovery is tuned by the conditions of freezing and guided by the type of emulsion.
Pyrosequencing: Current forensic methodology and future applications—a review
Authors: Ghemrawi Mirna , Tejero Nicole Fernandez , Duncan George , McCord Bruce 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe recent development of small, single‐amplicon‐based benchtop systems for pyrosequencing has opened up a host of novel procedures for applications in forensic science. Pyrosequencing is a sequencing by synthesis technique, based on chemiluminescent inorganic pyrophosphate detection. This review explains the pyrosequencing workflow and illustrates the step‐by‐step chemistry, followed by a description of the assay design and factors to keep in mind for an exemplary assay. Existing and potential forensic applications are highlighted using this technology. Current applications include identifying species, identifying bodily fluids, and determining smoking status. We also review progress in potential applications for the future, including research on distinguishing monozygotic twins, detecting alcohol and drug abuse, and other phenotypic characteristics such as diet and body mass index. Overall, the versatility of the pyrosequencing technologies renders it a useful tool in forensic genomics.
Real‐time forecasting of the Australian macroeconomy using flexible Bayesian VARs
Authors: Hou Chenghan , Nguyen Bao , Zhang Bo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates the real‐time forecast performance of alternative Bayesian autoregressive (AR) and vector autoregressive (VAR) models for the Australian macroeconomy. To this end, we construct an updated vintage database and compare the predictive ability of a wide set of specifications that takes into account almost all possible combinations of nonstandard errors existing in the current literature. In general, we find that the models with flexible covariance structures can improve the forecast accuracy as compared with the standard variant. For forecasting GDP, both point and density forecasts consistently suggest small VARs tend to outperform their counterparts while AR models often predict inflation better. With the unemployment rate, large VAR models provide superior forecasts to the alternatives at almost all forecast horizons. The forecasting performance of these models slightly changes when we consider the first, second, and latest‐available vintage as actual values, highlighting the importance of using real‐time data vintages in forecasting.
Ggtree: A serialized data object for visualization of a phylogenetic tree and annotation data
Authors: Xu Shuangbin , Li Lin , Luo Xiao , Chen Meijun , Tang Wenli , Zhan Li , Dai Zehan , Lam Tommy T. , Guan Yi , Yu Guangchuang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile phylogenetic trees and associated data have been getting easier to generate, it has been difficult to reuse, combine, and synthesize the information they provided, because published trees are often only available as image files and associated data are often stored in incompatible formats. To increase the reproducibility and reusability of phylogenetic data, the ggtree object was designed for storing phylogenetic tree and associated data, as well as visualization directives. The ggtree object itself is a graphic object and can be rendered as a static image. More importantly, the input tree and associated data that are used in visualization can be extracted from the graphic object, making it an ideal data structure for publishing tree (image, tree, and data in one single object) and thus enhancing data reuse and analytical reproducibility, as well as facilitating integrative and comparative studies. The ggtree package is freely available at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ggtree.
Are “job hoppers” trapped in hedonic treadmills? Effects of career orientations on newcomers' attitude trajectories
Authors: Doden Wiebke , Pfrombeck Julian , Grote Gudela 
Published: September 2022

SummaryJoining a new organization to change jobs is an influential event in an employee's career. Thus, inter‐organizational job changes have sparked growing scholarly interest, especially in the temporal dynamics involved in detaching from organizations and adapting to new ones. While it is widely accepted that employees adapt differently to job changes, the influence of employees' career orientations on changes in job attitudes has not yet been considered. This is surprising given that a key difference between self‐centered and organization‐centered career orientations is a positive attitude toward job changes. Building on hedonic adaptation, we examined how career orientations influence changes in job satisfaction and turnover intention throughout a job change. We compared self‐centered and organization‐centered employees using random coefficient modeling on two longitudinal data sets with voluntary job changers. Our results illustrate that self‐centered career orientations foster a stronger decline in job satisfaction with the new employer, as well as a larger increase in turnover intention, than organization‐centered career orientations. In contrast, employees with organization‐centered career orientations experienced an upward trend in job satisfaction toward the end of the first year. Our findings offer important implications for research on the determinants of job attitude trajectories when individuals join a new organization.
The role of direct equity ownership in supply chains
Authors: Haw In‐Mu , Swink Morgan , Zhang Wenlan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effect of direct equity ownership (DO) a buyer holds in its supplier on financial performance and operations of the supplier and buyer. Based on a sample of US buyer–supplier pairs from 1982 to 2017, we find that DO benefits buyer performance, but not supplier performance. The results support the view that DO mainly provides greater control for the buyer. Furthermore, we find that the performance effects of DO are moderated by firm characteristics that engender dependence. The beneficial influence of DO on a buyer's performance is more pronounced when the buyer is more innovative or operates in a more competitive environment. Our examination of the effects of DO on the operations of suppliers and buyers finds that suppliers in buyer–supplier relationships (BSRs) with higher DO invest more in relationship‐specific assets (R&D), provide more trade credits, and have lower gross profit margins. Buyers in BSRs with higher DO receive more trade credits and have lower cost of goods sold when the purchases of the buyer from the supplier make up a high proportion of the buyer's cost of goods sold. Overall, these results suggest that DO primarily benefits the buyer at the expense of the supplier, a finding that is consistent with the effects of bargaining and control power of the buyer. We discuss the implications of these findings for practitioners and for extensions to both relational and resource dependence theories.
Berberine alleviates intestinal barrier dysfunction in glucolipid metabolism disorder hamsters by modulating gut microbiota and gut‐microbiota‐related tryptophan metabolites
Authors: Chen Yuting , Hao Zhangsen , Zhao Han , Duan Xiaofeng , Jia Dongsheng , Li Kaipeng , Yang Yuxin , Cui Hongjuan , Gao Mingming , Zhao Ding 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBarberry plants can be considered as useful additives and functional compounds in various industries, especially in the food industry. Berberine (BBR), the most important functional compound in the barberry roots, has recently been used to treat obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Gut microbiota and the intestinal barrier play an important role in the development of glucolipid metabolism disorders (GLMDs). However, the association of gut microbiota metabolism disorder and the intestinal barrier dysfunction effect of BBR in GLMDs remains elusive.RESULTSThe results showed that administration of BBR could increase the number of colonic glands and goblet cell mucus secretion, improve the intestinal barrier function, and reduce the serum glycolipid level in GLMD hamsters. Interestingly, BBR was metabolized into 12 metabolites by gut microbiota, and the main metabolic pathways were oxidation, demethylation, and hydrogenation. In addition, BBR significantly improved the species diversity and uniformity of gut microbiota and promoted the proliferation of beneficial microbiota. Furthermore, the levels of tryptophan metabolites, such as indole, indole‐3‐acetamide, indole‐3‐acetaldehyde, indole‐3‐pyruvic acid, and indole‐3‐acetic acid were significantly altered by BBR. Both the intestinal tight junction proteins and intestinal immune factors were altered by BBR.CONCLUSIONBBR could alleviate intestinal barrier dysfunction of GLMDs by modulating gut microbiota and gut‐microbiota‐related tryptophan metabolites, which may be one of the pharmacological mechanisms for the treatment of GLMDs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Implementing advanced practice nursing in France: A country‐wide survey 2 years after its introduction
Authors: Devictor Julie , Burnet Espérie , Henriot Tatiana , Leclercq Anne , Ganne‐Carrie Nathalie , Kilpatrick Kelley , Jovic Ljiljana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the characteristics of the first Advanced Practice Nurses in France and to compare the French model to international standards.BackgroundCommon barriers and facilitators to their integration in healthcare provision have been identified internationally. In France, the legislative framework was introduced in 2016, and the first graduates entered the workforce in 2019.MethodsThe French model was examined in comparison with Hamric's conceptual framework and to the International Council of Nurses' guidelines and definitions. A cross‐sectional survey was also conducted, using three self‐administered online questionnaires. Two were distributed to 2019 and 2020 graduates and a third to the accredited programme directors. The characteristics of advanced practice nursing graduates were described and compared based on employment status and field of practice (primary vs secondary/tertiary care).ResultsAlthough the French model of advanced practice nursing meets Hamric's primary criteria and core competencies, it does not differentiate between Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Nurse Specialist roles. Of the 320 students enrolled in one of the 11 accredited training programmes 165 participated in the survey. Mean age was 40, and mean prior nursing experience was 15 years. By February 2021, 30% of respondents were still employed as Registered Nurses. Barriers to practice included insufficient income generation (primary care), the lack of position creation (secondary/tertiary care), the physician‐dependent patient referral process and delays in prescription credentials approval.ConclusionsThe implementation of advanced practice nursing in France faces several barriers. Legislative adjustments and greater financial incentives to practice seem warranted.Relevance to clinical practice: as in other countries, France introduced advanced practice nursing to respond to the Public Health challenge of improving access to quality health care in the context of increasing chronic disease prevalence and limited resource allocation. Facilitating its integration in the healthcare provision landscape seems paramount.
Effect of woven structure and aramid binder yarn on the flexural performance of carbon/aramid fiber hybrid three‐dimensional woven composites
Authors: Liu Yajun , Natsuki Toshiaki , Huang Canyi , Nakajima Takashi , Xia Hong , Ni Qing‐Qing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) woven textile‐reinforced composites have drawn much attention because of their specific geometries, improved composite interlayer strength, and impact‐resistance performance. In this study, three types of 3D woven structures with different binder‐yarn ratios and paths were designed based on a traditional dobby‐weaving loom with a special weft‐interlock structural design. Carbon/aramid fiber‐reinforced plastic (CAFRP) composites with carbon warp, weft, and aramid binder yarns, as well as carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites were reinforced using the three types of woven structures and consolidated with epoxy resin. The quasi‐static and dynamic flexural performance of these 3D woven composites were experimentally investigated using a three‐point bending test and a low‐velocity drop‐weight impact test. Nondestructive ultrasonic C‐scan and X‐ray microcomputed tomography were applied to characterize the failure mode of the impacted composites. Woven structure and aramid binder yarn with a coarse count have a coupling effect on the quasi‐static flexural performance of the 3D woven CAFRP composites. A larger volume combined with a smaller through‐thickness waviness degree of aramid binder yarn has a similar effect with a smaller volume combined with a larger waviness degree. Introducing aramid binder yarn in the hybrid composites lowered the quasi‐static flexural performance to a certain extent (0.28%–47.74% and 5.29%–49.63% for flexural modulus and strength, respectively) but increased the impact performance significantly (e.g., increasing 23.6%–92.7% peak‐load values under 6‐J impacts). A larger volume combined with a smaller waviness degree of the aramid binder yarn introduced in these woven structures contributed more to impact‐resistance and damage‐tolerance performance.
Diamond‐Based Nanoscale Quantum Relaxometry for Sensing Free Radical Production in Cells
Authors: Sigaeva Alina , Shirzad Hoda , Martinez Felipe Perona , Nusantara Anggrek Citra , Mougios Nikos , Chipaux Mayeul , Schirhagl Romana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiamond magnetometry makes use of fluorescent defects in diamonds to convert magnetic resonance signals into fluorescence. Because optical photons can be detected much more sensitively, this technique currently holds several sensitivity world records for room temperature magnetic measurements. It is orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting magnetic resonances. Here, the use of diamond magnetometry to detect free radical production in single living cells with nanometer resolution is experimentally demonstrated. This measuring system is first optimized and calibrated with chemicals at known concentrations. These measurements serve as benchmarks for future experiments. While conventional MRI typically has millimeter resolution, measurements are performed on individual cells to detect nitric oxide signaling at the nanoscale, within 10–20 nm from the internalized particles localized with a diffraction limited optical resolution. This level of detail is inaccessible to the state‐of‐the‐art techniques. Nitric oxide is detected and the dynamics of its production and inhibition in the intra‐ and extracellular environment are followed.
Tensile behavior of cruciform stubs with four bolts per row
Authors: Wang Peng , Xu Jing , Li Jianxin , Yu Lie 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe stiffened top‐and‐seat angle connection is widely used in earthquake‐prone areas, and additional tensile bolts on angles' column leg effectively improve its bending behavior. However, such design and construction are not governed by any regulations. It is urgent to figure out the mechanical behavior and develop accurate theoretical methods. Based on the component method, this paper first conducted an experimental study on the extracted cruciform stubs with four bolts per row. It compared the tensile properties and damage modes for different thicknesses. After that, the further parametric analysis compared the impact of stub thickness, bolt arrangement, and whether or not the bolt was pretensioned after validation. Stub thickness and bolt gauge were observed with a greater impact than the bolt distance on the plastic resistance. Furthermore, a prediction model for the plastic resistance of the cruciform stub with four bolts per row is proposed by integrating approaches for classic stiffened and unstiffened angles.
Pedotransfer functions developed for calculating soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in check dams on the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Cao Taohong , She Dongli , Zhang Xiang , Yang Zhen , Wang Guangbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is a key soil hydraulic property that determines the hydrological cycle of check dam–dominated catchment areas. However, Ks data are lacking due to the difficulty of directly measuring this variable in deep soil layers. In this study, 45 soil profiles (0–200 cm) in 15 check dams in three typical watersheds (Xinshui River, Zhujiachuan, and Kuye River) in a hilly gully region on the Chinese Loess Plateau were selected, and a total of 586 soil samples were collected along the soil profiles. Backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and support vector regression (SVR) models based on the genetic algorithm (GA) were tested, and pedotransfer functions for Ks estimation were established for check dams on the Loess Plateau. Basic soil characteristics, such as soil depth, sand, silt, clay, soil organic matter, and bulk density, were adopted as the model inputs to estimate Ks. Combinations of these parameters could be used to suitably estimate Ks, and the models were found to require relatively few soil characteristics to achieve similar accuracy. In comparison to GA‐BPNN, the GA‐SVR model attained good practicability and was more stable in Ks prediction (the geometric mean error ratio was between 0.942 and 1.101; RMSE was between 0.069 and 0.073). Our research can make some contributions to the solution of land restoration and watershed governance on the Chinese Loess Plateau.
Introduction to Dark Matter
Authors: Jackson Kimball Derek F. , Budker Dmitry 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo set the stage for our study of ultralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM), we review the evidence for the existence of dark matter: galactic and stellar dynamics, gravitational lensing studies, measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), surveys of the large-scale structure of the universe, and the observed abundance of light elements. This diverse array of observational evidence informs what we know about dark matter: its universal abundance, its spatial and velocity distribution, and that its explanation involves physics beyond the Standard Model. But what we know about dark matter is far outweighed by what we do not know. We examine UBDM in the context of several of the most prominent alternative hypotheses for the nature of dark matter: weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), sterile neutrinos, massive astrophysical compact halo objects (MACHOs), and primordial black holes (PBHs). Finally we examine some of the key general characteristics of UBDM, including its wavelike nature, coherence properties, and couplings to Standard Model particles and fields.
Magnetic Resonance Searches
Authors: Blanchard John W. , Sushkov Alexander O. , Wickenbrock Arne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM), such as axions and axionlike particles (ALPs), can interact with Standard Model particles via a variety of portals. One type of portal induces electric dipole moments (EDMs) of nuclei and electrons and another type generates torques on nuclear and electronic spins. Several experiments search for interactions of spins with the galactic dark matter background via these portals, comprising a new class of dark matter haloscopes based on magnetic resonance.
Dark Matter Radios
Authors: Jackson Kimball Derek F. , Phipps Arran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany theories predict that ultralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM) can couple to photons and thus generate electromagnetic signals. In such scenarios, UBDM can be searched for using a radio: an antenna connected to a tunableLCcircuit that is in turn connected to an amplifier. Such “dark matter radios” are particularly useful tools to search the broad range of UBDM wavelengths where resonant cavity dimensions are too large to be practical. In this chapter, we discuss how dark matter radios can be used to search for UBDM, focusing on the case of hidden photons.
Heterotic strings on $$ \mathbbm{T} $$3/ℤ2, Nikulin involutions and M-theory
Authors: Acharya Bobby Samir , Aldazabal Gerardo , Font Anamaría , Narain Kumar , Zadeh Ida G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe first describe the low energy dynamics of ten dimensional heterotic supergravity compactified on the smooth, flat 3-manifold$$ \mathbbm{T} $$T3/ℤ2, without supersymmetry, and explain how it arises from flat heterotic gauge fields. The semi-classical theory has both Coulomb and Higgs branches of non-supersymmetric vacua. We then give an exact worldsheet description as asymmetric orbifolds of$$ \mathbbm{T} $$T3, where the orbifold generator involves a Nikulin non-symplectic involutionθof the even self-dual lattice Γ(19,3). Along the way we briefly compare our findings with M-theory on K3/θ. Our construction gives a novel CFT description of the semi-classical field theory moduli space. In particular, the Wilson line parameters in the latticeI⊂ Γ(19,3)of signature (19− s,1) which is invariant underθ, and in its orthogonal complementN, correspond respectively to Coulomb and Higgs branch moduli. There is a rich pattern of transitions amongst Higgs and Coulomb branches which we describe using the worldsheet theory.
Master equations for de Sitter DFPs
Authors: Buchel Alex 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We develop master equations to study perturbative stability of de Sitter Dynamical Fixed Points (DFPs) of strongly coupled massive quantum field theories in d + 1 space-time dimensions with a holographic dual. The derived spectrum of linearized fluctuations characterizes the late-time dynamics of holographic strongly coupled non-conformal gauge theories in de Sitter background. Numerous checks and examples are presented.