bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-targeted metabolite profiling to evaluate the drying process effect in the Peruvian maca actives through principal component analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Heloísa Carvalho , Leme Luíza Mariano , Paulino Hellen Fernanda Silva , Pilau Eduardo Jorge , Valderrama Patrícia , Março Paulo Henrique 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the drying process on Peruvian maca flours. The analysis was done using a non-targeted metabolite profiling approach through principal components analysis (PCA) to evaluate the different ions detected by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometer. In this case, only the positive ions were considered. The spectra were acquired after methanolic extraction, and the data was organized in a matrix form. PCA allowed to find out the main substances responsible for differentiating between the drying processes, showing that oven drying mainly influences the amount of amino acids and glucosinolates. It was also possible to note that some macamides were still detectable after oven drying, and the main alkaloids also remained after heating. Therefore, this study offers a feasible method for metabolomics for food authentication.
Salivary level of microRNA-146a and microRNA-155 biomarkers in patients with oral lichen planus versus oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mehdipour Masoumeh , Shahidi Minoo , Anbari Fahimeh , Mirzaei Homa , Jafari Soudeh , Kholghi Azam , Lotfi Ehsan , Manifar Soheila , Abbas Fatemeh Mashhadi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, which has potential for malignant transformation. MicroRNAs play an important role in immunopathogenesis of OLP, and may be used for prediction of its malignant transformation.This study aimed to assess the salivary level of microRNA-146a and microRNA-155 biomarkers in patients with OLP and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: In this case-control study, unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 60 patients, including 15 patients with dysplastic OLP, 15 OLP patients without dysplasia, 15 patients with OSCC, and 15 healthy controls according to the Navazesh technique. After RNA extraction, the expression of microRNA-146a and microRNA-155 was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn-Bonferroni tests. Results: The difference in expression of microRNA-146a and microRNA-155 among the four groups was significant (P<0.05). Pairwise comparisons of the groups showed significantly higher expression of microRNA-146a in OLP (P=0.004) and dysplastic OLP (P=0.046) patients compared with the control group. Up-regulation of this biomarker in OSCC patients was not significant compared with the control group (P=0.076). Up-regulation of micro-RNA-155 was only significant in OLP group, compared with the control group (P=0.009). No other significant differences were found (P>0.05). Conclusion: MicroRNA-146a and microRNA-155 may serve as early biomarkers in OLP. Also, considering the altered expression of microRNAs in dysplastic OLP and OSCC, their altered expression may serve as an alarming sign of malignancy. However, further investigations are still required.
HMGB1 increases myelin debris phagocytosis and ICAM-1 expression in rat central nervous system endothelial cells in vitro via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Qin Zhi-xin , Wang Li-ping , Wang Zhi-qiang , Liu Jin -Ming , Deng Chen , Deng Li , Sun Lin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
Myelin debris mediates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in endothelial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) after disease and injury and plays a critical role in promoting the recruitment of peripheral immune cells. As an inflammatory necrosis factor, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) regulates the inflammatory response after CNS injury. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect and mechanism of HMGB1 on the phagocytosis of myelin debris and the expression of ICAM-1 mediated by myelin debris in endothelial cells.
Methods
Rat brain and spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells were cultured in vitro. The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), cathepsin D (CatD), and ICAM-1, as well as macrophage adhesion to endothelial cells, were studied in myelin debris-mediated endothelial cells with or without recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) exposure, at different times. The role of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) / nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the regulation of MBP, CatD, and ICAM-1 expression by HMGB1 in myelin debris-mediated endothelial cells was also studied.
Results
The expression of MBP, CatD, and ICAM-1 in myelin debris-mediated endothelial cells was significantly increased from 12 to 72 h following rHMGB1 exposure, with a peak increase observed at the 24 h time point. The expression of MBP, CatD, ICAM-1, and macrophagocyte adhesion in myelin debris-mediated endothelial cells without rHMGB1 exposure was significantly reduced compared with those in the 24 h rHMGB1 + myelin debris group. Moreover, the expression of MBP, CatD, and ICAM-1, and macrophagocyte adhesion were significantly increased in endothelial cells first incubated with rHMGB1 for 24 h and then treated with myelin debris than in the myelin debris group. The HMGB1 effects on MBP, CatD, and ICAM-1 expression in myelin debris-mediated endothelial cells in vitro were mediated, at least in part, by activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Conclusion
HMGB1 increased MBP, CatD and ICAM-1 expression, as well as myelin debris phagocytosis and macrophage adhesion in myelin debris-mediated endothelial cells in vitro. These effects occur through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
A critical role of calcineurin in stress responses, hyphal formation, and virulence of the pathogenic fungus Trichosporon asahii
Authors: Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Yoshikawa Asami , Nagamachi Tae , Sugiyama Yu , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Sugita Takashi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is a conditional pathogenic fungus that causes severe and sometimes fatal infections in immunocompromised patients. While calcineurin, an essential component of a calcium-dependent signaling pathway, is known to regulate stress resistance and virulence of some pathogenic fungi, its role in T. asahii has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that calcineurin gene-deficient T. asahii mutants are sensitive to high temperature as well as cell-membrane and cell-wall stress, and exhibit decreased hyphal formation and virulence against silkworms. Growth of T. asahii mutants deficient in genes encoding subunits of calcineurin, cna1 and cnb1, was delayed at 40˚C. The cna1 and cnb1 gene-deficient mutants also showed sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, Congo red, dithiothreitol, and tunicamycin. On the other hand, these mutants exhibited no sensitivity to caffeine, sorbitol, monensin, CaCl2, LiCl, NaCl, amphotericin B, fluconazole, or voriconazole. The ratio of hyphal formation in the cna1 and cnb1 gene-deficient mutants was decreased. Moreover, the virulence of the cna1 and cnb1 gene-deficient mutants against silkworms was attenuated. These phenotypes were restored by re-introducing each respective gene into the gene-deficient mutants. Our findings suggest that calcineurin also has a role in regulating the cellular stress response and virulence of T. asahii.
Assessing uranium mobility in water-sediment system and diurnal stream chemistry
Authors: Raji Iyioluwa Busuyi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Due to gold mining operations in the Witwatersrand Basin, rivers’ sediment has been polluted with uranium. In this study, we looked at factors that influenced uranium remobilisation by rewetting a dry sediment collected from a uranium polluted dam with rainwater and the daily changes in water chemistry were analysed. The rapid oxidation of uranium by oxygen led to the dissolution of uranium adsorbed by iron and carbonate while the presence of nitrate ensured that uranium was not completely immobilised eight hours after rewet. The result of the diurnal stream water chemistry indicated an increase in water pH and decrease in electrical conductivity during the day and vice-versa at night. This resulted in higher concentration of dissolved uranium at night than during the day. From the result, it can be concluded that dissolved uranium can be remobilised from dry polluted sediment by rainwater and uranium remobilisation is not linear due to the heterogeneity of sediment and the difference in solubility rate of each component of the sediment which uranium is adsorbed onto. Dissolved uranium released from sediment can remain in the water column for several hours even after rainfall, which can be harmful to the health of people that use the water for various purposes.
Ultrasonic Synthesis of Polyoxovanadate-based Nanoparticles as Catalyst for Water Remediation
Authors: Khazaei Malihe , Geranmayeh Shokoofeh , Najafi Mahnaz , Janczak Jan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the current work, a new polyoxovanadate (POV)-based material, NH4V3O8 (1), has been synthesized via hydrothermal process. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of 1 shows a 2D structure in which the {V3O8}−n layers are joined through hydrogen bonding interactions with NH4+. The POV compound was further analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR. Crystals of 1 were subjected to ultrasonic irradiation to yield spherical and relatively uniform nanoparticles with 51–75 nm in diameter while maintaining its pristine bulk crystalline structure. Compound 1, in bulk and nanoscale, was employed as catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of crystal violet (CV) in water under ambient conditions. The degradation products were determined by ion chromatography (IC) analysis. It was found that both 1 and nanosized 1 are active catalysts for water remediation, however, compared with bulk crystals, the obtained nanoparticles showed more reactivity towards the degradation of the dye.
Capsaicin shapes gut microbiota and pre-metastatic niche to facilitate cancer metastasis to liver
Authors: Cheng Peng , Wu Jiawei , Zong Gangfan , Wang Feihui , Deng Rui , Tao Ruizhi , Qian Cheng , Chen Wenxing , Wang Aiyun , Zhao Yang , Wei Zhonghong , Lu Yin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDietary factors are fundamental in tumorigenesis throughout our lifetime. A spicy diet has been ambiguous about the development of cancers, especially in the study of colon cancer metastasis. It is unclear whether long-term, high dose intake of capsaicin could promote cancer metastasis. Here, we utilized a metastasis mouse model to test the potential pro-metastasis role of capsaicin. ResultsLong-term continuous administration of capsaicin diet to mice will promote the formation of liver pre-metastatic niche to facilitate colon cancer cells metastasis. Bacteria translocation to liver is clearly observed. Capsaicin increases intestinal barrier permeability and disrupts gut vascular barrier by altering the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. Capsaicin not only changes the abundance of mucin-related bacteria like Akkermanisa and Muribaculaceae, but also bacteria involved in bile acids metabolism. Dysregulated bile acids profile is related to NKT cells recruitment in pre-metastatic niche, primary bile acid α-MCA could enhance the recruitment of NKT cells, while secondary bile acids GUDCA and THDCA impairs the recruitment of NKT cells. ConclusionThese findings reveal long term consumption of capsaicin would increase the risk of cancer metastasis through modulating the gut microbiota. Capsaicin disrupts gut barrier and promotes the translocation of bacteria to liver, while altered bile acids metabolism affects NKT cells recruitment in liver, forming a pre-metastatic niche and promoting cancer metastasis.
Toughening two dimensional materials through lattice disorder
Authors: Xie Wenhui , Wei Yujie , Gao Huajian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Carbon-based two-dimensional (2D) materials, with graphene being the most prominent example, are some of the strongest materials existing today due to their covalent bonding but at the same time also the most fragile, with fracture toughness close to that of an ideally brittle solid, due to their intrinsic lack of effective dissipation mechanisms. Here, by investigating fracture mechanisms in monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC), we reveal a novel strategy to toughen 2D materials through lattice disorder. It is shown that lattice disorder results in nanoscale ripples which can alleviate stress concentration in the vicinity of crack-tips and render MAC flaw tolerant. Consequently, MAC outperforms graphene in resisting brittle fracture and endures larger strain to failure in the presence of a preexisting crack. Our work sheds light on the mechanisms of crack propagation in MAC and also provides a mechanistic basis for designing tough 2D materials through lattice disorder.
Promoting mental wellbeing among pregnant and postpartum adolescents: A toolkit for adolescents living in urban poor environments
Authors: Sidze Estelle Monique , Wainaina Caroline Wangui , Anyango Hazel Odhiambo , Khasowa Dorcas , Kathoka Faith , Badillo-Amberg Icoquih , Okoror Collins E. M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: About one in five of women aged between 15 and 49 years old experience a mental disorder in antepartum and postpartum period in developing countries where routine screening and treatment are sometimes not prioritized due to other competing health issues needing urgent attention. The prevalence of mental health disorders is even higher among pregnant adolescents who face constant stigmatization from society and peers. Methods. This paper reports on an innovative toolkit for maternal mental health promotion among pregnant and postpartum (2 years post-delivery) adolescent girls. The toolkit is intended to provide pregnant and postpartum adolescent girls with the knowledge, problem-solving skills, coping mechanisms and confidence they need to protect their mental health during pregnancy and early motherhood. The toolkit was co-created with 50 pregnant and postpartum adolescent girls living in urban poor settings in Nairobi, in a 3-step approach, and tested through a field experimentation with 130 pregnant and postpartum adolescent girls living the slums. We also report on results from qualitative interviews conducted post-experiment to assess views and satisfaction with the toolkit package, and experiences and preferences with the two delivery modes used for delivering the toolkit package (face-to-face and through phones). Results: The toolkit development process provided a critical opportunity for adolescent girls to engage on maternal mental health issues and reflect on their lived experiences, thus improving on their mental health awareness. Preliminary qualitative insights from adolescent girls indicate that the toolkit sessions were effective in improving overall wellbeing. Conclusion: Large scale implementation of maternal mental health interventions is needed the improve health and wellbeing of adolescent mothers living in poor environments across the sub-Saharan African region. Our toolkit provides an adolescent-friendly tool to be used for such interventions.
Space Liquid Transport Experiments in TY-1
Authors: Li Guangyu , Huang Yiyong , Han Wei , Wu Zongyu , Yang Yanjie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Space liquid transport experiments in TY-1 were described in this paper. A space test system was established to evaluate the performance of two different vane-type propellant management devices (PMDs) as well as one porous media reservoir, in the space low-gravity environment. During the transfer, the Bond number was in the range from 1 × 10−5 to 1×10-3 , and the Weber number was about 6 ×10−4 , the liquid was retained over the inlet/outlet, most of the gas was oriented around the vent tube, liquid in both the supply or receiver tanks was controlled by the PMDs, the liquid-gas interface was stable. These results provide a valuable reference to the design and application of vane-type PMD.
A Luminescent Zinc-based azine-functionalized metal-organic framework for fluorescence detection of Fe 3+ ions in the aqueous medium
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Yusuf Mohammad , Malik Ashok Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A strongly fluorescent Zn(II)-based azine functionalized MOF was synthesized solvothermally by using inexpensive and readily available starting materials, i.e., benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-2,3-butadiene (4-bpdb). Crystallographic and thermogravimetric studies approved the excellent crystallinity and thermal stability, respectively of the synthesized Zn-MOF. Photoluminescence studies point out that Zn-MOF can be used as a highly sensitive and quickly responsive sensor for the selective identification of Fe3+ ions in water via a significant turn-off quenching response. Herein, accessible Lewis base azine sites originating from 4-bpdb Schiff base ligand within Zn-MOF act as functional sites that can interact favorably with the Fe3+ ions and then lead to obvious variations in the fluorescence spectra. Photo induced electron transfer (PET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and competitive energy adsorption were used to establish the mechanism of action. The detection limit of the Zn-MOF towards Fe3+ was 0.4 µM (25 ppb). The selectivity of Zn-MOF towards Fe3+ ions over other metal ions was certified by competitive test. Easy recoverability and reusability for at least four cycles without significant sensitivity loss are the benefits of the Zn-MOF. All these features clearly demonstrate its great potential of Fe3+ ions detection in aqueous environment for public safety and security.
CCR5 promoter SNP genotype in HIV seropositive infants on combinational antiretroviral therapy in Uganda: Association with virological failure
Authors: Karara Daniel , Bagaya Bernard S. , Kyeyune Fred , Nabulime Eva , Ainembabazi Pamela , Rutebarika Diana , Basiimwa Roy C. , Arikod Paul , Matama Christine , Nankya Immaculate 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
IntroductionBy Sept 2018, only 59.3% of all HIV positive children on cART under 5 years were achieving virological suppression compared to 88.4% in the general population in Uganda. CCR5 promoter genotype specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms have been linked to modulate patient virological status. However, the few studies that have studied the association in infants have utilized allele-specific PCR a genotypic method limited to detecting already known SNPs. By using Sanger sequencing, we explored the association taking into account novel mutations. Methods Following ethical approvals, a cross sectional study was conducted using archived buffy coat samples from a pediatric HIV drug resistance study between May 2019 and January 2022 at the Joint Clinical Research Centre in Kampala, Uganda. 100 HIV seropositive infant buffy coat samples were sequenced for CCR5 SNP genotype following nucleic acid extraction, polymerase chain reaction and sanger sequencing. Odds ratios were used to determine the association between CCR5 SNPs and infant HIV plasma loads. Results 10 SNPs were identified with frequencies as follows; 58227G/A (21.8%), 58636A/G (28.7%), 58934T/G (74.7%), 59029G/A (48.3%), 59353T/C (55.2%), 59356C/T (23.0%), 59402G/A (94.2%) 59653C/T (66.7%), 59802A/C (34.5%), and 60024A/G (34.5%). Notably, 58227G/A, 58636A/G, 59802A/C, and 60024A/G are novel SNPs. However, none of these SNPs was significantly associated with infant virological failure but SNPs 59029G/A and 59353T/C showed higher odds of occurring in non-suppressors whereas 59356C/T and 59402G/A appeared to correlate with reduced plasma HIV loads. Infant virological suppression remained at 59% and in agreement with the national data. Conclusion Our study augments previous studies that CCR5 promoter SNPs play a role in modulating patient virological status however, strong conclusions could be drawn from either utilizing in-vitro studies or large epidemiological studies.
Construction and validation of a predictive model for the risk of postoperative malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Dai Tian , Wu Dequan , Tang JingJing , Liu Zeyan , Zhang Miao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: This study analyzed the influencing factors of malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer three months after operation, and established a multi-dimensional risk model to predict postoperative malnutrition. Methods: The clinical data of gastric cancer patients hospitalized for the first time and receiving laparoscopic surgery in the general surgery department of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital information system, and divided into training set and validation set in the ratio of 7:3. Nutritional status was assessed using the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment scale and follow-up records of patients three months after surgery. They were divided into: non-malnutrition group and malnutrition group. A risk prediction model was established and displayed in the form of a nomogram. Results: In this study, 344 patients were included, with 242 in the training and 102 in the validation set. The incidence of malnutrition three months after operation in the training and validation set was 43.4% and 38.2%, respectively. tumor node metastasis stage, cardiac function class as per the New York Heart Association, prealbumin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and classification of anxiety were independent risk factors. The prediction model was constructed with the above five variables. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the model for predicting malnutrition three months after surgery in gastric cancer patients was better than the AUC value of the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 in predicting the effect, implying that the model possessed good discrimination. The model’s calibration and clinical applicability were also confirmed using the calibration curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and the clinical decision curve, respectively. Conclusions: A clinical prediction model including multi-dimensional variables was established based on the independent risk factors of postoperative malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer. The model yields greater prediction accuracy of the risk of postoperative malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer, helps screen high-risk patients, formulates targeted nutritional prescriptions early, improves the overall prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, and increases the survival rate.