bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine Grained Braided River Sedimentation in Brahmaputra River, Majuli, Assam, India
Authors: Saikia Suman , Laskar Jayanta Jivan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Brahmaputra River in Assam exhibits a typical braided pattern and is characterized by a sediment load comprising of sand and mud. The river contains channel-bars of varied types and dimensions and embraces the world’s largest river island – Majuli, which at present is under the effect of severe bank-erosion along its southern margin. The objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of fluvial sedimentation prevailing along the southern margin of the Majuli landmass. Both channel as well as bank sediments were analyzed to understand the mechanism of transportation, depositional process and hydrodynamic behavior. Both channel and bank sediments consist of very fine to medium sand with subordinate amount of silt and mud. Majority of the sediments exhibit well to very well sorting and positive skewness. The Probability curves of grain size distribution indicate transportation of sediments dominantly by saltation mode with minor amount by suspension and surface-creep mode. CM plot suggest transportation by graded suspension (saltation) with subordinate rolling and uniform suspension process by means of tractive current. The internal stratifications are dominated by planar cross stratifications followed by horizontal stratifications, trough cross stratifications, ripple laminated layers and massive sand. The bank sediments in few locations exhibit a general fining upward sequence which ends up with the deposition of a mud layer.The lithofacies sequences of the study area show prevalence of both lower as well as upper flow regime energy conditions indicating fluctuations of energy conditions during their respective sedimentation.
Study on the Hydrogeochemical Processes Regulating the Groundwater Chemistry in the Southeast Rajasthan
Authors: Meena Parmeshwar Lal 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The current study is focused on evaluation of hydrogeochemical aspects of groundwater for analysis of groundwater chemistry and quality assessment in the south east Rajasthan (India). A total of 50 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for the assessment of major cations and anions, total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductance (EC), total hardness (TH) and total alkalinity (TA), and the results were compared with the WHO standards of drinking water. The results have demonstrated that the groundwater is alkaline in nature and in most of the groundwater samples the quantity of TH, TDS, EC, TA and NO3- is exceeded to the WHO standards. Additionally, alkali metal ions are mainly contributed from the dissolution of halite and silicate weathering processes, whereas the alkaline earth metal ions from the carbonate dissolution and silicate weathering processes. The saturation indices (SI) values show that the groundwater in the study area is oversaturated in terms of dolomite, calcite and argonite while undersaturated in gypsum. Hydrogeochemically the groundwater is Ca.Mg-HCO3, Ca.Mg-Cl and Ca.Mg-SO4 types. Moreover, it is mixed type with reference to cations and anions. The ionic plots, molar ionic ratios, CAI, SI and Gibb’s diagram have revealed that the chemical weathering of rock minerals, reverse ion exchange and anthropogenic activities are the key processes, regulating the chemical composition of ground water in the study area.
Multithematic Geoscience Data Integration for Identification of Mineral Potential Areas in Parts of Central Indian Precambrian Craton
Authors: Singh Ajit , Dash Debasmita , Kumar Rajesh , Sarkar Niroj Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The paper highlights the results of multi-thematic geoscience data integration involving geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing data sets, for an area of 4000 Sq. Km in parts of Precambrian Bastar craton, Chhattisgarh. The present team has been able to identify two discrete mineral potential areas for base metal sulphides, Sn, W and REE in sheared and altered felsic volcanics in Kotra-Bhansula area and for gold in propylitically altered meta basalts in Bhursatola-Khampura area. The dataset utilized during collation and integration includes (i) high resolution aeromagnetic data (ii) 1:50000 geological data covering litho-structural and mineralisation attributes (iii) 1:50 k geochemical data for 61 elements (iv) multispectral ASTER satellite data and its derivative alteration maps. Thematic data and derivative maps were studied and interpreted for evaluation of concerned parameters for estimating their role in mineralisation. The data integration has been implemented in three steps beginning with GIS based spatial modelling using Fuzzy logic method resulting into production of mineral favourability map, followed by detailed field evaluation and characterization of the identified mineral favourability areas. Eventual identification of potential areas was based on synthesis of modelling output, field outcome and laboratory results of analyses carried out on critical samples collected from mineral favourability areas. The identified two mineral potential areas are recommended for further detailed exploration for gold, base metal, Sn, W and REE through surface and sub-surface probing.
Escaping the Impossibility of Fairness: From Formal to Substantive Algorithmic Fairness
Authors: Green Ben 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEfforts to promote equitable public policy with algorithms appear to be fundamentally constrained by the “impossibility of fairness” (an incompatibility between mathematical definitions of fairness). This technical limitation raises a central question about algorithmic fairness: How can computer scientists and policymakers support equitable policy reforms with algorithms? In this article, I argue that promoting justice with algorithms requires reforming the methodology of algorithmic fairness. First, I diagnose the problems of the current methodology for algorithmic fairness, which I call “formal algorithmic fairness.” Because formal algorithmic fairness restricts analysis to isolated decision-making procedures, it leads to the impossibility of fairness and to models that exacerbate oppression despite appearing “fair.” Second, I draw on theories of substantive equality from law and philosophy to propose an alternative methodology, which I call “substantive algorithmic fairness.” Because substantive algorithmic fairness takes a more expansive scope of analysis, it enables an escape from the impossibility of fairness and provides a rigorous guide for alleviating injustice with algorithms. In sum, substantive algorithmic fairness presents a new direction for algorithmic fairness: away from formal mathematical models of “fair” decision-making and toward substantive evaluations of whether and how algorithms can promote justice in practice.
Deep learned vectors’ formation using auto-correlation, scaling, and derivations with CNN for complex and huge image retrieval
Authors: Naeem Ahmad , Anees Tayyaba , Ahmed Khawaja Tehseen , Naqvi Rizwan Ali , Ahmad Shabir , Whangbo Taegkeun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeep learning for image retrieval has been used in this era, but image retrieval with the highest accuracy is the biggest challenge, which still lacks auto-correlation for feature extraction and description. In this paper, a novel deep learning technique for achieving highly accurate results for image retrieval is proposed, which implements a convolutional neural network with auto-correlation, gradient computation, scaling, filter, and localization coupled with state-of-the-art content-based image retrieval methods. For this purpose, novel image features are fused with signatures produced by the VGG-16. In the initial step, images from rectangular neighboring key points are auto-correlated. The image smoothing is achieved by computing intensities according to the local gradient. The result of Gaussian approximation with the lowest scale and suppression is adjusted by the by-box filter with the standard deviation adjusted to the lowest scale. The parameterized images are smoothed at different scales at various levels to achieve high accuracy. The principal component analysis has been used to reduce feature vectors and combine them with the VGG features. These features are integrated with the spatial color coordinates to represent color channels. This experimentation has been performed on Cifar-100, Cifar-10, Tropical fruits, 17 Flowers, Oxford, and Corel-1000 datasets. This study has achieved an extraordinary result for the Cifar-10 and Cifar-100 datasets. Similarly, the results of the study have shown efficient results for texture datasets of 17 Flowers and Tropical fruits. Moreover, when compared to state-of-the-art approaches, this research produced outstanding results for the Corel-1000 dataset.
How corporate social responsibility mediates the relationship between corporate reputation and enterprise risk management: evidence from Spain
Authors: Pérez-Cornejo Clara , de Quevedo-Puente Esther 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnterprise risk management (ERM) systems lessen the probability of risks harming a firm’s reputation for a number of reasons. First, a high-quality ERM system makes it less likely a firm will suffer a risk-based reputational crisis. Second, ERM systems help companies to behave more responsibly towards all stakeholders, thereby ensuring firms meet stakeholders’ expectations. Third, when a crisis stemming from an uncontrollable risk occurs, a high-quality ERM system helps to reduce the negative impact on reputation because stakeholders will not attribute guilt to a firm which has acted responsibly in its risk management. In this research, we explore the link between corporate reputation and ERM systems together with the role played by corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance as a mediator. Our results support the notion that ERM system quality enhances CSR performance as well as corporate reputation. The results also confirm that ERM systems have a positive impact on corporate reputation via the mediating effect of CSR performance. Companies should therefore use risk management policies to bolster both their CSR and their reputation.
Experimental Study of Inorganic Foundry Sand Binders for Mold and Cast Quality
Authors: Anwar Nurul , Jalava Kalle , Orkas Juhani 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe interest in inorganic foundry binders has been rising steadily in recent times due to their favorable environmental characteristics. This paper compares the mold quality and cast quality attained with different inorganic binders. Three different types of sand and five different inorganic binders were used for the mold quality study. Of the inorganic binders, there was liquid sodium silicate used in different hardening methods, a geopolymer binder, and also solid sodium silicate. The mold quality was assessed through bending strength, residual bending strength, tensile strength, and loss on ignition measurement. A total of 12 castings were made using molds of different binders and sand materials. The cast quality was then assessed by tracking changes in dimension and the surface quality of final castings. Inorganic binders performed well in terms of mold strength and very well in terms of loss on ignition but there is room for improvement in the surface quality of the castings attained.
Improving quantum genetic optimization through granular computing
Authors: Acampora Giovanni , Vitiello Autilia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuantum computers promise to revolutionize the world of computing thanks to some features of quantum mechanics that can enable massive parallelism in computation. This benefit may be particularly relevant in the design of evolutionary algorithms, where the quantum paradigm could support the exploration of multiple regions of the search space in a concurrent way. Although some efforts in this research field are ongoing, the potential of quantum computing is not yet fully expressed due to the limited number of qubits of current quantum processors. This limitation is even more acute when one wants to deal with continuous optimization problems, where the search space is potentially infinite. The goal of this paper is to address this limitation by introducing a hybrid and granular approach to quantum algorithm design, specifically designed for genetic optimization. This approach is defined as hybrid, because it uses a digital computer to evaluate fitness functions, and a quantum processor to evolve the genetic population; moreover, it uses granular computing to hierarchically reduce the size of the search space of a problem, so that good near-optimal solutions can be identified even on small quantum computers. As shown in the experiments, where IBM Q family processors are used, the usage of a granular computation scheme statistically enhances the performance of the state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm implemented on quantum computers, when it is run to optimize well-known benchmark continuous functions.
Drivers of Late Miocene Tropical Sea Surface Cooling: A New Perspective From the Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Martinot Claire , Bolton Clara T. , Sarr Anta‐Clarisse , Donnadieu Yannick , Garcia Marta , Gray Emmeline , Tachikawa Kazuyo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the late Miocene, global cooling occurred alongside the establishment of near‐modern terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Significant (3°C–5°C) sea surface cooling from 7.5 to 5.5 Ma is recorded by proxies at midlatitudes to high latitudes, yet the magnitude of tropical cooling and the role of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) in driving this trend are debated. Here, we present a new orbital‐resolution sea surface temperature (SST) record spanning the late Miocene to earliest Pliocene (9–5 Ma) from the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1443) based on Mg/Ca ratios measured in tests of the planktic foraminifer Trilobatus trilobus. Our SST record reveals a 3.2°C decrease from 7.4 to 5.8 Ma, significantly increasing previous estimates of late Miocene tropical cooling. Analysis of orbital‐scale variability shows that before the onset of cooling, SST variations were dominated by precession‐band (19–23 kyr) variability, whereas tropical temperature became highly sensitive to obliquity (41 kyr) after 7.5 Ma, suggesting an increase in high‐latitude forcing. We compare a revised global SST database with new paleoclimate model simulations and show that a pCO2 decrease from 560 to 300 ppm, in the range suggested by pCO2 proxy records, could explain most of the late Miocene sea surface cooling observed at Site U1443. Using our new Site U1443 record as representative of tropical SST evolution, estimated meridional SST gradients suggest a much more modest increase over the late Miocene than previously suggested, in agreement with modeled meridional SST gradients.
Significant Seasonal N2O Dynamics Revealed by Multi‐Year Observations in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Wan Xianhui S. , Lin Hua , Ward Bess B. , Kao Shuh‐Ji , Dai Minhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe coastal ocean and marginal sea play a disproportionally important role in the release of nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere. The spatial and temporal distribution of N2O in these important source regions remains highly uncertain due to the scarcity of N2O measurements. Here we present a large data set of N2O concentrations and fluxes obtained from 10 cruises covering four seasons in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS). The study area is overall a net source of atmospheric N2O with an annual flux of 1.9 ± 1.2 × 108, 0.8 ± 0.5 × 108 and 1.2 ± 0.7 × 108 mol N2O yr−1 in the shelf, slope and basin regions, respectively. In terms of global warming potentials, the N2O emissions offset 27.8% of the CO2 sink on the shelf, and are equivalent to 3.5 and 0.2‐fold of the CO2 emission in the slope and basin of the NSCS. On the seasonal time scale, N2O flux was significantly higher in autumn and winter than in the warm seasons. The spatial variability was contrastingly less pronounced. The seasonality of N2O distribution in the shelf region was modulated by the riverine discharge, while intrusion of the Kuroshio Current exerted profound control on N2O distribution in the open waters of the NSCS. The variable relationships between N2O excess, apparent oxygen utilization, and nitrate in the shelf, NSCS basin and the Luzon Strait indicated a regional difference in N2O cycling pathways along with the impact of water mass mixing. Our study establishes a robust baseline to understand N2O distribution and flux in the NSCS.
Regional‐Scale Lithospheric Recycling on Venus Via Peel‐Back Delamination
Authors: Adams A. C. , Stegman D. R. , Smrekar S. E. , Tackley P. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe currently have a limited understanding of the tectonic framework that governs Venus. Schubert and Sandwell (1995, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1995.1150) identified over 10,000 km of possible subduction sites at both coronae and chasmata rift zones. Previous numerical and experimental studies have shown the viability of regional‐scale lithospheric recycling via plume‐lithosphere interactions at coronae, yet little work has been done to study the possibility of resurfacing initiated at Venusian rift zones. We created 2D numerical models to test if and how regional‐scale resurfacing could be initiated at a lateral lithospheric discontinuity. We observed several instances of peel‐back delamination—a form of lithospheric recycling in which the dense lithospheric mantle decouples and peels away from the weak, initially 30 km‐thick crust, leaving behind a hot, thinned layer of crust at the surface. Delamination initiation is driven by the negative buoyancy of the lithospheric mantle and is resisted by the coupling of the plate across the Moho, the significant positive buoyancy of the crust arising from a range of crustal densities, and the viscous strength of the plate. Initial plate bending promotes yielding and weakening in the crust, which is crucial to allow decoupling of the crust and lithospheric mantle. When there is sufficient excess negative buoyancy in the lithospheric mantle, both positively and negatively buoyant plates may undergo delamination. Following a delamination event, the emplacement of hot, buoyant asthenosphere beneath the crust may have consequences for regional‐scale volcanism and local tectonic deformation on Venus within the context of the regional equilibrium resurfacing hypothesis.
Probing the Upper End of Intracontinental Earthquake Magnitude: A Prehistoric Example From the Dzhungarian and Lepsy Faults of Kazakhstan
Authors: Tsai C.‐H. , Abdrakhmatov K. , Mukambayev A. , Elliott A. J. , Elliott J. R. , Grützner C. , Rhodes E. J. , Ivester A. H. , Walker R. T. , Wilkinson R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study of surface ruptures is key to understanding the earthquake occurrence of faults especially in the absence of historical events. We present a detailed analysis of geomorphic displacements along the Dzhungarian Fault, which straddles the border of China and Kazakhstan. We use digital elevation models derived from structure‐from‐motion analysis of Pléiades satellite imagery and drone imagery from specific field sites to measure surface offsets. We provide direct age constraints from alluvial terraces displaced by faulting and indirect dating from morphological analysis of the scarps. We find that the southern 250 km of the fault likely ruptured in a single event in the last 4,000 years, with displacements of 10–15 m, and potentially up to 20 m at one site. We infer that this Dzhungarian rupture is likely linked with a previously identified paleo‐earthquake rupture on the Lepsy Fault through a system of splays in the intervening highlands. Though there are remaining uncertainties regarding consistency in age constraints between the two fault ruptures, most of the sites along the two faults are consistent with a most recent event 2,000–4,000 years ago. Rupture on the Dzhungarian Fault alone is likely to have exceeded Mw 8, and the combined Lepsy‐Dzhungarian rupture scenario may have been up to Mw 8.4. Despite being at the upper end of known or inferred continental earthquake magnitudes, our proposed scenario combining the 375 km of the Dzhungarian and Lepsy ruptures yields a slip‐to‐length ratio consistent with global averages and so do other historical intracontinental earthquakes in Central Asia.
Placing Another Piece of the Tethyan Puzzle: The First Paleozoic Paleomagnetic Data From the South Qiangtang Block and Its Paleogeographic Implications
Authors: Wei Bitian , Cheng Xin , Domeier Mathew , Jiang Nan , Wu Yiying , Zhang Weijie , Wu Ke , Wang Baofeng , Xu Pengxiang , Xing Longyun , Zhang Dongmeng , Li Teng , Deng Xiaohong , Liu Feifan , Zhou Yanan , Wu Hanning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe origin and drift history of the South Qiangtang block (SQB) is critical to understanding the internal dimensions and kinematics of the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic Tethyan realm and the subsequent evolution of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, but so far no paleomagnetic data constrain the SQB in Paleozoic time. Here we present a paleomagnetic study of the middle Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the SQB. Well‐defined high‐temperature components of magnetization were isolated from 6 sites of tuffaceous sandstone and 9 sites of basalt, but their directional populations are distinct. On the basis of a conglomerate test and comparisons with younger paleomagnetic data, we argue the basalts preserve a primary magnetization, whereas the sandstones may have been remagnetized during the Triassic. The magnetic directions from the basalt indicate that the SQB was located at a latitude of 22.3 ± 5.8°S during the middle Permian. Together with existing paleomagnetic data from other Tethyan continental blocks, this new constraint reveals that during the middle Permian the Neo‐Tethys Ocean spanned ∼10–20° of latitude and the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean spanned ∼50°, but also that the latter was a composite ocean system which included at least two important branches. In further considering the geological records of the SQB, we propose the block rifted from the northern margin of Gondwana during opening of the Neo‐Tethys in early Permian time, and then drifted rapidly northward until ultimately colliding with the North Qiangtang block and the southern margin of Laurasia during final closure of the Paleo‐Tethys in the Triassic.
Tension of plus-end tracking protein Clip170 confers directionality and aggressiveness during breast cancer migration
Authors: Hu Yunfeng , Xie Qiu , Wu Xiang , Liu Weizhen , Li DongFang , Li Chen , Zhao WangXing , Chen LinLin , Zheng Zihui , Li GuangMing , Guo Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe microtubule (MT) plus-end binding protein Clip170 is associated closely with breast cancer invasion and migration. In this study, Clip170 tension observed by a newly designed cpstFRET tension probe was suggested to be positive related to breast cancer aggressiveness, which could be regulated by α-tubulin detyrosination-induced MT disassembly. Clip170 phosphorylation induced by Ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK) could also increase its tension and promote the conversion of a discrete comet-like Clip-170 distribution into a spotty pattern during cancer metastasis. Heightened Clip170 tension was correlated with the formation of cortactin-associated filopodia and lamellipodia, and then promoted invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, Clip170 tension enhanced at the leading edge in directional migration, accompanying with IQGAP1 subcellular distribution variation. Our work indicates that the malignancy and directionality during breast cancer migration depend on the magnitude and polarization of Clip170 tension, and we suggest Clip170 tension as a new potential drug target for breast cancer therapy.