bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of growth temperature on the pinning landscape of YBa2Cu3O7−

δ
films grown from Ba-deficient solutions
Authors: Alcalà Jordi , Ternero Pau , Pop Cornelia , Piperno Laura , Ricart Susagna , Mestres Narcís , Puig Teresa , Obradors Xavier , Meledin Alexander , Celentano Giuseppe , Palau Anna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cuprate coated conductors are promising materials for the development of large-scale applications, having superior performance over other superconductors. Tailoring their vortex pinning landscape through nanostructure engineering is one of the major challenges to fulfill the specific application requirements. In this work, we have studied the influence of the growth temperature on the generation of intrinsic pinning defects in YBa2Cu3O7−δ
films grown by chemical solution deposition using low Ba precursor solutions. We have analysed the critical current density as a function of the temperature, applied magnetic field magnitude and orientation, J
c(T,H,θ), to elucidate the nature and strength of pinning sites and correlate the microstructure of the films with their superconducting performance. An efficient pinning landscape consisting of stacking faults and associated nanostrain is naturally induced by simply tuning the growth temperature without the need to add artificial pinning sites. Samples grown at an optimized temperature of 750 °C show very high self-field J
c values correlated with an overdoped state and improved J
c(T,H,θ) performances.
Suppression of fibrillatory dynamics consisting of stable rotors by periodic pacing
Authors: Buran Pavel , Niedermayer Thomas , Bär Markus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent experimental studies have shown that a sequence of low-energy electrical far-field pulses is able to terminate fibrillation with substantially lower per-pulse energy than a single high-energy electric shock (see S Luther et al Nature
475 235–39). During this low-energy antifibrillation pacing (LEAP) procedure only tissue near sufficiently large conduction heterogeneities, such as large coronary arteries, is activated. In order to understand the mechanism behind LEAP, we have carried out a statistical study of resetting a medium filled by one or more stable spirals (‘rotors’) in a two-dimensional electrophysiological model of cardiac tissue perforated by blood vessels to the resting state (‘defibrillation’). We found the highest success probabilities for this defibrillation for underdrive pacing with periods 10–20 percent larger than the dominant period of the stable rotors in the unperturbed dynamics. If a sufficiently large number pulses is applied and an optimal pacing period chosen, the energy per pulse required for successful defibrillation is about 75–80 percent lower than the energy needed for single-shock defibrillation. Optimal conditions to control and suppress fibrillation based on stable rotors, hence, are similar to the ones in found for the case of an electrophysiological model displaying spatiotemporal chaos (‘electrical turbulence’) in an earlier study (see P Buran et al 2017 Chaos
27 113110). The optimal pacing period is found to increase with increasing strength of the electrical field strength used in the model. The success probability also increases strongly until the fourth or fifth pulse administered, which is strongly correlated to an observed increase of the fraction of re-excitable tissue with each subsequent pulse. Monitoring the fraction of excitable tissue in the model as key quantity of the excitable medium, moreover, enabled us to successfully predict the optimal pacing period for defibrillation.
Overview of initial negative triangularity plasma studies on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Happel T. , Pütterich T. , Told D. , Dunne M. , Fischer R. , Hobirk J. , McDermott R.M. , Plank U. , the ASDEX Upgrade Team 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An overview of results of negative triangularity (NT) studies from the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (AUG) is given. Moderate values of the triangularity in the range of δ
average ≈ −0.2 have been obtained. Results from both unfavorable and favorable magnetic configuration in terms of high-confinement mode (H-mode) access are presented. In unfavorable configuration, the ion grad B drift points away from the active x-point, which usually results in a factor of 2 higher power thresholds to enter H-mode. In unfavorable configuration, low-confinement mode (L-mode) operation is confirmed at high auxiliary heating input powers

>
10

MW at low collisionality. Under these conditions, plasmas with positive triangularity (PT) are usually in H-mode. Highest plasma energies have been obtained using a combination of neutral beam injection, electron- and ion cyclotron resonance heating, where values of the plasma beta of β
N ≈ 1.7 have been reached in L-mode. While discharges with mixed auxiliary heating power input show moderate confinement on L-mode levels, plasmas heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating show H-mode like confinement. Operation in favorable configuration, however, leads to H-mode with type-I edge localized modes (ELMs). The power required for the L–H transition is comparable to the typical L–H power threshold in PT cases (

<
2.6

MW), and good confinement of typical PT H-modes is obtained. The ELM frequency is demonstrated to reach 700 Hz. These results show a clear effect of the NT configuration on the ELM behavior in H-modes, and that on AUG, unfavorable configuration is an essential ingredient if H-mode operation is to be avoided in NT plasmas. So far, in all AUG NT plasmas, power degradation is observed. Initial gyrokinetic simulations of the edge plasma in unfavorable configuration reveal the ion-temperature gradient mode as the fastest growing mode with a subdominant trapped-electron-mode.
Modeling of the effects of impurity seeding on plasma detachment and impurity screening of snowflake divertor on HL-2M tokamak by SOLPS-ITER
Authors: Zhang Yanjie , Sang Chaofeng , Li Jiaxian , Zheng Guoyao , Senichenkov Ilya Y. , Rozhansky Vladimir A. , Zhang Chen , Wang Yilin , Zhao Xuele , Wang Dezhen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To address the issues of mitigation and control of the heat loads on the divertor target, a snowflake divertor (SFD) has been proposed on the HL-2M tokamak. In this work, simulations have been performed by using SOLPS-ITER to demonstrate the advantages of SFD on HL-2M on plasma detachment and impurity screening during impurity seeding. Firstly, neon (Ne) and argon (Ar) seeding are chosen for comparison in SFD. It is found that Ar seeding significantly mitigates the in-out asymmetry compared with Ne seeding, mainly in high seeding rate cases. The impurity screening capabilities with Ar seeding are conspicuously better than that of Ne seeding. Subsequently, the SFD and standard divertor (SD) with Ar seeding are compared. The SFD achieves plasma detachment with a seeding rate of more than one order of magnitude lower and has better impurity screening capability than those of the SD. This can be explained by more substantial Ar accumulation in the private flux region near the X-point in SD. Moreover, the simulation shows that D2 puffing near the OMP can drive more Ar ions to the divertor and promote the plasma detachment and impurity screening. Finally, the effects of E × B drift on SFD are studied. It is found that with E × B drift more Ar particles accumulate in the vicinity of both inner and outer targets, especially in the far-SOL region, thus raising the far-SOL power radiation. However, the peak heat flux is mainly located near the separatrix, therefore a higher seeding rate is required to achieve detachment. Moreover, the E × B drift drives more Ar particles away from the core region. In addition, the role of molecules on the plasma momentum loss during detachment is analyzed.
Normal mode splitting and four-wave mixing in Kerr-nonlinear optical system containing coupled double quantum dot
Authors: Bhatt Vijay , Yadav Surabhi , Jha Pradip K , Bhattacherjee Aranya B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the four wave mixing (FWM) and normal mode splitting (NMS) in coupled double quantum dots cavity system in the presence of a third-order Kerr nonlinear

χ

(
3
)

medium. The FWM generated in the system has narrow spectral width and this can be tuned by nonlinear medium strength, the coupling strength between two coupled quantum dots and pump strength. Further, we study NMS that can also be tuned by various physical parameters and show that energy exchange between different modes is possible. The proposed model have potential applications in the field of quantum information processing.
Comparative estimation of pleural effusion volume based on lateral decubitus position of chest x-ray and CT scan imaging
Authors: Satoto Bambang , Budi Wahyu S , Khumaeni Ali , Yueniwati Yuyun , Noorhamdani Noorhamdani 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Previous study using thoracic phantom for estimating fluid volume has been obtained which represents the case of pleural effusion based on the size of the x-ray radiograph. The models are obtained in the form of three equations, the pleural effusion volume as a function of height, length times the height, and area of the radiograph image. The three models of estimation have high linearity with ratio value more than 0.988, higher than the modelling measurement using ultrasonography modality. The modelling is expected to give a contribution on developing method for helping clinicians estimate the pleural effusion volume as a basic for performing fluid aspiration and to monitor the therapy. However, because modelling is developed using phantoms, then to be applied clinically, further research is needed for its application to patients. The height function model yields correlation value of 0.966 and paired T-test value of 0.892. The height times length function model yields correlation value of 0.982 and paired T-test value of 0.611. The area function model yields correlation value of 0.997 and paired T-test value of 0.647. From the three equations, measurement of estimated pleural effusion volume using area function on chest x-ray lateral decubitus position is the most appropriate equation. Corresponding to the results of the measurement of gold standard using a CT scan. Height measurement is the measurement that is the fastest and easiest in the application. Limitation of the study is it only can be done in right lateral decubitus position of the patient, and also cannot be applied to patients with condition such as post lung surgery, massive subpulmonic/ supradiaphragmatic pleural effusion, empyema, an atypical pleural effusion such as septated, encapsulated, loculated pleural effusion and anatomical deformity, scoliosis, or abnormalities of thoracic cavity.
MIB2: metal ion-binding site prediction and modeling server
Authors: Lu Chih-Hao , Chen Chih-Chieh , Yu Chin-Sheng , Liu Yen-Yi , Liu Jia-Jun , Wei Sung-Tai , Lin Yu-Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationMIB2 (metal ion-binding) attempts to overcome the limitation of structure-based prediction approaches, with many proteins lacking a solved structure. MIB2 also offers more accurate prediction performance and more metal ion types.ResultsMIB2 utilizes both the (PS)2 method and the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database to acquire predicted structures to perform metal ion docking and predict binding residues. MIB2 offers marked improvements over MIB by collecting more MIB residue templates and using the metal ion type-specific scoring function. It offers a total of 18 types of metal ions for binding site predictions.Availability and implementationFreely available on the web at http://bioinfo.cmu.edu.tw/MIB2/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
tmVar 3.0: an improved variant concept recognition and normalization tool
Authors: Wei Chih-Hsuan , Allot Alexis , Riehle Kevin , Milosavljevic Aleksandar , Lu Zhiyong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationPrevious studies have shown that automated text-mining tools are becoming increasingly important for successfully unlocking variant information in scientific literature at large scale. Despite multiple attempts in the past, existing tools are still of limited recognition scope and precision.ResultWe propose tmVar 3.0: an improved variant recognition and normalization system. Compared to its predecessors, tmVar 3.0 recognizes a wider spectrum of variant-related entities (e.g. allele and copy number variants), and groups together different variant mentions belonging to the same genomic sequence position in an article for improved accuracy. Moreover, tmVar 3.0 provides advanced variant normalization options such as allele-specific identifiers from the ClinGen Allele Registry. tmVar 3.0 exhibits state-of-the-art performance with over 90% in F-measure for variant recognition and normalization, when evaluated on three independent benchmarking datasets. tmVar 3.0 as well as annotations for the entire PubMed and PMC datasets are freely available for download.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/ncbi/tmVar3
Marginal structural models for multilevel clustered data
Authors: Wu Yujie , Langworthy Benjamin , Wang Molin 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMarginal structural models (MSMs), which adopt inverse probability treatment weighting in the estimating equations, are powerful tools to estimate the causal effects of time-varying exposures in the presence of time-dependent confounders. Motivated by the Conservation of Hearing Study (CHEARS) Audiology Assessment Arm (AAA) where repeated hearing measurements were clustered by study participants, time, and testing sites, we propose two methods to account for the multilevel correlation structure when fitting the MSMs. The first method directly models the covariance of the repeated outcomes when solving the weighted generalized estimating equations for MSMs, while the second two-stage analysis approach fits cluster-specific MSMs first and then combines the estimated parameters using mixed-effects meta-analysis. Finite sample simulation results suggest that our methods can obtain less biased and more efficient estimates of the parameters by accounting for the multilevel correlation. Moreover, we explore the effects of using fixed- or mixed-effects model to estimate the treatment probability on the parameter estimates of the MSMs in the presence of unmeasured cluster-level confounders. Lastly, we apply our methods to the CHEARS AAA data set, to estimate the causal effects of aspirin use on hearing loss.
Prognostic value of exosomal noncoding RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Nie Guilin , Lian Nan , Peng Dingzhong , Lu Jiong , Li Bei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh morbidity, recurrence and mortality make hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a leading cause of cancer-related burden and deaths. The lack of prognostic evaluation methods weakened the therapeutic efficacy for HCC. Exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in cancer development. Our meta-analysis aimed to assess the prognostic value of exosome-transferred noncoding RNAs in predicting the outcomes of patients with HCC. We obtained 16 articles from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE up to 4 November 2021. The ncRNAs were divided into three parts: microRNAs (miRNA), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), and circular RNAs (circRNA). In the pooled hazard ratios (HRs), upregulated miRNAs were 3.06 (95% CI = 2.51–3.73), downregulated miRNAs were 3.28 (95% CI = 2.61–4.11), lncRNAs were 3.34 (95% CI = 1.87–5.96), and circRNAs were 1.76 (95% CI = 1.36–2.14). As the results of subgroup analysis, upregulated miRNAs had a pooled HR of 3.10 (95% CI = 1.66–5.81), and the HR of downregulated miRNAs was 3.04 (95% CI = 2.17–4.28) for multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS). Meanwhile, upregulated miRNAs had a pooled HR of 2.61 (95% CI = 1.89–3.60), and the HR of downregulated miRNAs was 3.77 (95% CI = 1.11–12.73) for multivariate analysis of other endpoints. Remarkably, miR-21 has a pooled HR of 2.48 (95%CI = 1.52–4.05, I2 = 0) for disease-free survival (DFS). In conclusion, the expression of exosomal noncoding RNAs can be used to evaluate the prognosis of patients with HCC. Exosome-transferred miR-21 might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in HCC.
Pneumonia, Meningitis, and Septicemia in Adults and Older Children in Rural Gambia: 8 Years of Population-Based Surveillance
Authors: Green Edward W , Ndiaye Malick , Hossain Ilias M , Olatunji Yekini A , Sahito Shah M , Salaudeen Rasheed , Badji Henry , Manjang Ahmed , Ceesay Lamin , Hill Philip C , Greenwood Brian , Mackenzie Grant A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRepresentative data describing serious infections in children aged ≥5 years and adults in Africa are limited.MethodsWe conducted population-based surveillance for pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia in a demographic surveillance area in The Gambia between 12 May 2008 and 31 December 2015. We used standardized criteria to identify, diagnose, and investigate patients aged ≥5 years using conventional microbiology and radiology.ResultsWe enrolled 1638 of 1657 eligible patients and investigated 1618. Suspected pneumonia, septicemia, or meningitis was diagnosed in 1392, 135, and 111 patients, respectively. Bacterial pathogens from sterile sites were isolated from 105 (7.5%) patients with suspected pneumonia, 11 (8.1%) with suspected septicemia, and 28 (25.2%) with suspected meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 84), Neisseria meningitidis (n = 16), and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 15) were the most common pathogens. Twenty-eight (1.7%) patients died in hospital and 40 (4.1%) died during the 4 months after discharge. Thirty postdischarge deaths occurred in patients aged ≥10 years with suspected pneumonia. The minimum annual incidence was 133 cases per 100 000 person-years for suspected pneumonia, 13 for meningitis, 11 for septicemia, 14 for culture-positive disease, and 46 for radiological pneumonia. At least 2.7% of all deaths in the surveillance area were due to suspected pneumonia, meningitis, or septicemia.ConclusionsPneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia in children aged ≥5 years and adults in The Gambia are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Many deaths occur after hospital discharge and most cases are culture negative. Improvements in prevention, diagnosis, inpatient, and follow-up management are urgently needed.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Preceding an Outbreak of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Persons Who Inject Drugs—Kanawha County, West Virginia, 2019–2021
Authors: Hudson Alana G , Bonacci Robert A , Moorman Anne C , Penley McKenna , Wilson Suzanne M , Hoffman Jessica L , Thomasson Erica R , McClung R Paul , Bixler Danae 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Of 65 cases during a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in West Virginia (2019–2021), 61 (94%) had hepatitis C diagnosed a median of 46 months prior to HIV diagnosis. Hepatitis C diagnosis among PWID should trigger improved access to prevention and treatment services.
On Target? Sanctions and the Economic Interests of Elite Policymakers in Iran
Authors: Draca Mirko , Garred Jason , Stickland Leanne , Warrinnier Nele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
How successful are sanctions at targeting the economic interests of political elites in affected countries? We study the case of Iran, using information on the stock exchange-listed assets of two specific political entities with significant influence over the direction of Iran’s nuclear programme. Our identification strategy focuses on the process of negotiations for sanctions removal, examining which interests benefit most from news about diplomatic progress. The results indicate the ‘bluntness’ of sanctions on Iran, but also provide evidence of their effectiveness in generating substantial economic incentives for elite policymakers to negotiate a deal for sanctions relief.
An off-pump biatrial mini-maze procedure for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yan Tao , Zhu Shijie , Chen Nan , Zhu Miao , Zhu Kai , Wei Lai , Wang Chunsheng , Guo Changfa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of the present study was to determine the safety and efficacy of a modified off-pump biatrial mini-maze procedure to treat long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).

METHODS
Patients with long-standing persistent AF underwent our modified mini-maze procedure using bipolar radiofrequency ablation. Those patients first underwent a mini-maze procedure using the Dallas lesion set protocol. Second, a purse-string suture was performed on the right atrium, and then 4 ablation lesions were made to the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, the appendix of the right atrium and the tricuspid valve annulus from the purse-string suture point by the bipolar radiofrequency clamp. After the operation, the patients were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months and every year thereafter.

RESULTS
A total of 102 patients were included in the study. There were no deaths, no surgical re-exploration for bleeding and no permanent pacemaker implants. The intraoperative cardioversion rate was 42.2% (43/102). A follow-up at intervals of 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months showed that a success rate free from long-standing persistent AF was 95.1% (97/102), 94.4% (85/90), 94.8% (73/77), 91.5% (54/59), 90.3% (28/31) and 86.4% (19/22), whereas freedom from AF in patients off antiarrhythmic drugs was 88.2% (90/102), 85.6% (77/90), 81.8% (63/77), 78.0% (46/59), 74.2% (23/31) and 68.2% (15/22), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The modified biatrial mini-maze procedure proved to be safe and feasible. Early follow-up demonstrated an acceptable success rate free from AF.
Current status of reimbursement practices for remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electrical devices across Europe
Authors: Boriani Giuseppe , Burri Haran , Svennberg Emma , Imberti Jacopo Francesco , Merino Josè Luis , Leclercq Christophe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs) is currently proposed as a standard of care for CIEDs follow-up, as recommended by major cardiology societies worldwide. By detecting a series of relevant device and patient-related parameters, RM is a valuable option for early detection of CIEDs' technical issues, as well as changes in parameters related to cardio-respiratory functions. Moreover, RM may allow longer spacing between in-office follow-ups and better organization of in-hospital resources. Despite these potential advantages, resulting in improved patient safety, we are still far from a widespread diffusion of RM across Europe. Reimbursement policies across Europe still show an important heterogeneity and have been considered as an important barrier to full implementation of RM as a standard for the follow-up of all the patients with pacemakers, defibrillators, devices for cardiac resynchronization, or implantable loop recorders. Indeed, in many countries, there are still inertia and unresponsiveness to the request for widespread implementation of RM for CIEDs, although an improvement was found in some countries as compared to years ago, related to the provision of some form of reimbursement. As a matter of fact, the COVID-19 pandemic has promoted an increased use of digital health for connecting physicians to patients, even if digital literacy may be a limit for the widespread implementation of telemedicine. CIEDs have the advantage of making possible RM with an already defined organization and reliable systems for data transmissions that can be easily implemented as a standard of care for present and future cardiology practice.