bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacto de dietas obesogênicas em aspectos comportamentais e em biomarcadores preditivos de doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Silva Lilian Moura Costa da , Martelleto Gabriela Kimi Sudo , Macedo Ana Carolina de , Macedo Isabel Cristina de 
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Obesidade e a Doença de Alzheimer (DA) são doenças crônicas que afetam milhões de pessoas pelo mundo. Postula-se atualmente que a obesidade pode contribuir para o estabelecimento da DA. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura para analisar o efeito de dietas obesogênicas com alto teor de gordura ou alto teor de sacarose em modelo animal e comparar o estabelecimento de alterações comportamentais e em biomarcadores preditivos de DA entre esses modelos. Método: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE nos últimos dez anos. Foram empregados os descritores “obesidade”, “doença de Alzheimer'' e ''dietas”. Resultados: Muitos estudos empregam dietas obesogênicas com alto teor de gordura para avaliar o desenvolvimento de obesidade e parâmetros de DA. Um número bem menor de estudos emprega dietas obesogênicas com alto teor de sacarose, porém ambos os modelos apresentam similaridades em alterações comportamentais (déficit de memória e cognição), em biomarcadores centrais (peptídeo beta-amiloide e proteína TAU), resistência à insulina e neuroinflamação. Conclusão: Estudos com humanos têm apontado a neuroinflamação, a resistência e o acúmulo de peptídeo beta-amiloide e proteína Tau hiperfosforilada como prováveis causas de neurodegeneração e consequente comprometimento da memória e cognição na DA.
Exploring Citrus Nematodes and its Antagonists in Citrus Growing Areas of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Nadeem , Khan Sajid Aleem , Javed Nazir , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) is a major threat to the citrus industry in Pakistan. During 2019-20, a survey was carried out for citrus nematode and its antagonists in citrus orchards (Both healthy and declining trees were samples) of Punjab, Pakistan. Bhalwal, Shahpur, Sillanwali, Kotmomin, Sargodha, Quaidabad, Jhang, and Rahim Yar Khan were surveyed for disease incidence, prevalence, and association of T. semipenetrans. Maximum disease prevalence (100%) was recorded in Rahim Yar Khan while minimum (20%) in Bhalwal and Kotmomin. Maximum slow decline with 80% field incidence was observed in Rahim Yar Khan while a minimum of 20% in Quaidabad. Soil and root samples were used for nematode extraction using Baerman's funnel method and the Whitehead Hemming tray method. A maximum number of J2s/100ml of soil were observed in soil samples taken from Rahim Yar Khan (1674) followed by Shahpur (1534), Qaidabad (1432), Sargodha (1347), and Bhalwal (1172). The highest number of nematode females per gram of root were recorded in Rahim Yar Khan (652) followed by Quaidabad (611), Bhalwal (490), Kotmomin (421), Sillanwali (387). Isolation of different fungal and bacterial antagonist isolates was also done by soil dilution plate technique using nutrient agar media and potato dextrose agar media. Identification of fungal antagonists was made on colony growth, color, and spore structure. Bacterial identification was also done on morphological characters and gram tests. Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koningii Trichoderma atroviride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis were found associated.
Clinical Phenotypes With Prognostic Implications in Pulmonary Embolism Patients With Syncope
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Xu Xiaomao , Ji Yingqun , Yang Yuanhua , Yi Qun , Chen Hong , Hu Xiaoyun , Liu Zhihong , Mao Yimin , Zhang Jie , Shi Juhong , Lei Jieping , Wang Dingyi , Zhang Zhu , Wu Sinan , Gao Qian , Tao Xincao , Xie Wanmu , Wan Jun , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Meng , Shao Xiang , Zhang Zhonghe , Fang Baomin , Yang Peiran , Zhai Zhenguo , Wang Chen ,   the China pUlmonary Thromboembolism REgistry Study (CURES) Investigators
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThere are conflicting data concerning the prognostic significance of syncope in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed to investigate the impact of syncope on clinical outcomes of acute PE, and determine the clinical phenotypes of PE patients with syncope and their correlation with prognosis.MethodsIn the ongoing, national, multicenter, registry study, the China pUlmonary thromboembolism REgistry Study (CURES) enrolling consecutive patients with acute PE, patients with and without syncope were investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using nine variables relevant to syncope and PE, including age, sex, body mass index, history of cardiovascular disease, recent surgery or trauma, malignancy, pulse, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Patient classification was performed using cluster analysis based on the PCA-transformed data. The clinical presentation, disease severity and outcomes were compared among the phenotypes.ResultsIn 7,438 patients with acute PE, 777 (10.4%) had syncope, with younger age, more females and higher body mass index. Patients with syncope had higher frequency of precordial pain, palpitation, and elevated cardiac biomarkers, as well as higher D-Dimer level. In the syncope group, more patients had right ventricular/left ventricular ratio &gt; 0.9 in ultrasonic cardiogram and these patients had higher estimated pulmonary arterial systolic pressure compared with patients without syncope. As the initial antithrombotic treatment, more patients with syncope received systemic thrombolysis. Despite a higher prevalence of hemodynamic instability (OR 7.626, 95% CI 2.960–19.644, P &lt; 0.001), syncope did not increase in-hospital death. Principal component analysis revealed that four independent components accounted for 60.3% of variance. PE patients with syncope were classified into four phenotypes, in which patients with high pulse and respiratory rate had markedly higher all-cause mortality during admission.ConclusionSyncope was associated with hemodynamic instability and more application of thrombolysis, without increasing in-hospital deaths. Different clinical phenotypes existed in PE patients with syncope, which might be caused by various mechanisms and thus correlated with clinical outcomes.
Current Slip and Strain Rate Distribution Along the Ganzi-Yushu-Xianshuihe Fault System Based on InSAR and GPS Observations
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Ji Lingyun , Zhu Liangyu , Liu Chuanjin , Jiang Fengyun , Xu Xiaoxue 
Published: February 2022

The Ganzi-Yushu-Xianshuihe fault (GYXSF), a large strike-slip fault located on the east side of the Tibetan Plateau, has seen high seismic activity in recent years. However, despite the earthquake risk posed by this fault, there is a lack of high-resolution geodetic survey results regarding the current slip rate. We have used 4-track ascending and 5-track descending Sentinel-A/B SAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from 2014 to 2020, to obtain the current slip rate of the entire GYXSF within the radar’s line of sight (LOS), with high resolution. Both InSAR and published Global Positioning System (GPS) data were integrated to calculate a high-resolution three-dimensional deformation field and strain rate field of the GYXSF. We have also used the screw dislocation model to calculate current slip rates in the fault-parallel direction at 20 km intervals. The key findings of our study are as follows. (1) The current slip rate of the GYXSF is segmental: the slip rate of the Ganzi-Yushu fault (GYF) gradually increases from ∼1 to ∼6 mm/yr from the north-west to the southeast, while the slip rate of the Xianshuihe fault (XSF) increases from ∼8.5 to ∼12 mm/yr from the north-west to the southeast. (2) There are non-negligible post-earthquake deformations along the GYXSF, and our best fitting results show that an approximately 100 km long section of the GYF has undergone post-seismic after-slip in the 4–10 years since the 2010 Yushu M 6.9 earthquake, with a maximum creep of ∼2.2 mm/yr (3) The strain rate is dispersed in the GYF region but concentrated on the fault in the XSF region. There is also a measurable strain rate on secondary faults north of the GYXSF, implying the seismic hazard of these secondary faults cannot be ignored. (4) The continuous deformation and block-like models are the best models to explain the observations and deformation characteristics of the GYF and XSF, respectively.
Physical Activity and Subsequent Change in Body Weight, Composition and Shape: Effect Modification by Familial Overweight
Authors: Specht Ina Olmer , Heitmann Berit Lilienthal , Larsen Sofus Christian 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) has been shown to attenuate the genetic risk of obesity as measured using polygenic risk scores. However, familial obesity history might be an easier predictor. We examined associations between PA and subsequent changes in BMI, body fat percentage (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) among participants with and without adiposity and a familial overweight.MethodsIn total, 1971 participants from the Danish MONICA cohort were included. Mean differences for 6-year changes in BMI, BF% and WC across PA levels were estimated. Association between walking and biking and subsequent change in adiposity were analysed. Effect modification by familial obesity was assessed by adding product terms to the models.ResultsWe observed weak associations between leisure PA level and changes in WC [participants with low PA: 3.4 cm (95%CI: 2.8;4.0), participants with high PA: 2.4 cm (95%CI: 1.8;3.0)], with no evidence of effect modification by familial obesity. We found effect modification in analyses on walking and biking in relation to changes in BMI (P-interaction&lt;0.01) and BF% (P-interaction=0.04), suggesting lower gain with more hours of activity among participants with adiposity and familial overweight.ConclusionsThe results were modest but suggested that PA, especially walking and biking, may prevent future adiposity.
Case Report: Durable Complete Response After Combined Immunotherapy Following Resection of Primary Tumor in a Gallbladder Cancer Patient With Distant Metastatic Lymph Nodes of Favorable Immune-Microenvironment
Authors: Yi Bin , Zhao Zhikun , Dong Hui , Yuan Lei , Wu Yingjun , Xu Yun , Jiang Xiaoqing , Sun Chao , Wu Dongfang , Xiao Yajie 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMetastatic gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. As GBC is usually diagnosed with distant metastases, only a few patients can receive R0 resection and the relapse rate remains high. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy has provided encouraging long-term outcomes in a subset of patients in many cancers. However, the data on efficacy of PD-1 blockade in GBC are very limited.Case PresentationWe herein reported a stage IVB GBC patient with localized primary tumor and distant lymph node metastasis. Except for the unresectable multiple metastatic nodes including distant nodes, a complete resection of primary tumor en bloc with partial segment 4B+5 was performed. Tumor tissues of primary tumor and one metastatic lymph node were collected to perform whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, and immunohistochemistry. Low TMB (5.38 muts/Mb), low MSI (&lt;20%), and negative PD-L1 expression (TC0) were observed in the primary tumor. Likewise, low TMB (5.44 muts/Mb), low MSI (&lt;20%), and low PD-L1 expression (TC2) presented in the metastatic lymph node. Besides, low genetic intratumor heterogeneity exhibited between the primary and metastatic tumors in this patient. In contrast to the primary tumor, higher-level CD8+ T cell infiltration was revealed in the tumor microenvironment of the metastatic lymph node. Then, chemo-immunotherapy using S1 and anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab was administrated as the first-line treatment for the residual metastatic nodes. Complete response was achieved after 7 courses and has lasted for 32 months up to present. Additionally, blood samples during treatment were further analyzed for immune repertoire sequencing, showing that several T cell receptor clones in metastatic lymph node were predominant in blood during the combined anti-PD-1 treatment.ConclusionsChemo-immunotherapy may provide a potential curative option for the lymph node metastases of gallbladder cancer. The low intratumor heterogeneity and high level of infiltrating CD8+ T-cells in metastatic node might be indispensable to the durable complete response in this patient.
Comparative Genomics and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 (Gamma) Variant of Concern From Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Zimerman Ricardo Ariel , Ferrareze Patrícia Aline Gröhs , Cadegiani Flavio Adsuara , Wambier Carlos Gustavo , Fonseca Daniel do Nascimento , de Souza Andrea Roberto , Goren Andy , Rotta Liane Nanci , Ren Zhihua , Thompson Claudia Elizabeth 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundP.1 lineage (Gamma) was first described in the State of Amazonas, northern Brazil, in the end of 2020, and has emerged as a very important variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. P.1 has been linked to increased infectivity, higher mortality, and immune evasion, leading to reinfections and potentially reduced efficacy of vaccines and neutralizing antibodies.MethodsThe samples of 276 patients from the State of Amazonas were sent to a central referral laboratory for sequencing by gold standard techniques, through Illumina MiSeq platform. Both global and regional phylogenetic analyses of the successfully sequenced genomes were conducted through maximum likelihood method. Multiple alignments were obtained including previously obtained unique human SARS-CoV-2 sequences. The evolutionary histories of spike and non-structural proteins from ORF1a of northern genomes were described and their molecular evolution was analyzed for detection of positive (FUBAR, FEL, and MEME) and negative (FEL and SLAC) selective pressures. To further evaluate the possible pathways of evolution leading to the emergence of P.1, we performed specific analysis for copy-choice recombination events. A global phylogenomic analysis with subsampled P.1 and B.1.1.28 genomes was applied to evaluate the relationship among samples.ResultsForty-four samples from the State of Amazonas were successfully sequenced and confirmed as P.1 (Gamma) lineage. In addition to previously described P.1 characteristic mutations, we find evidence of continuous diversification of SARS-CoV-2, as rare and previously unseen P.1 mutations were detected in spike and non-structural protein from ORF1a. No evidence of recombination was found. Several sites were demonstrated to be under positive and negative selection, with various mutations identified mostly in P.1 lineage. According to the Pango assignment, phylogenomic analyses indicate all samples as belonging to the P.1 lineage.ConclusionP.1 has shown continuous evolution after its emergence. The lack of clear evidence for recombination and the positive selection demonstrated for several sites suggest that this lineage emergence resulted mainly from strong evolutionary forces and progressive accumulation of a favorable signature set of mutations.
Optimization of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Stacking-Integrated Machine Learning Algorithm Based on Demographic, Behavioral, and Clinical Factors
Authors: Sun Lin , Yang Lingping , Liu Xiyao , Tang Lan , Zeng Qi , Gao Yuwen , Chen Qian , Liu Zhaohai , Peng Bin 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose is to accurately identify women at high risk of developing cervical cancer so as to optimize cervical screening strategies and make better use of medical resources. However, the predictive models currently in use require clinical physiological and biochemical indicators, resulting in a smaller scope of application. Stacking-integrated machine learning (SIML) is an advanced machine learning technique that combined multiple learning algorithms to improve predictive performance. This study aimed to develop a stacking-integrated model that can be used to identify women at high risk of developing cervical cancer based on their demographic, behavioral, and historical clinical factors.MethodsThe data of 858 women screened for cervical cancer at a Venezuelan Hospital were used to develop the SIML algorithm. The screening data were randomly split into training data (80%) that were used to develop the algorithm and testing data (20%) that were used to validate the accuracy of the algorithms. The random forest (RF) model and univariate logistic regression were used to identify predictive features for developing cervical cancer. Twelve well-known ML algorithms were selected, and their performances in predicting cervical cancer were compared. A correlation coefficient matrix was used to cluster the models based on their performance. The SIML was then developed using the best-performing techniques. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of all models were calculated.ResultsThe RF model identified 18 features predictive of developing cervical cancer. The use of hormonal contraceptives was considered as the most important risk factor, followed by the number of pregnancies, years of smoking, and the number of sexual partners. The SIML algorithm had the best overall performance when compared with other methods and reached an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.877, 81.8%, and 81.9%, respectively.ConclusionThis study shows that SIML can be used to accurately identify women at high risk of developing cervical cancer. This model could be used to personalize the screening program by optimizing the screening interval and care plan in high- and low-risk patients based on their demographics, behavioral patterns, and clinical data.
Prognostic Role of High-Sensitivity Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score for Patients With Operated Oral Cavity Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tsai Yao-Te , Fang Ku-Hao , Hsu Cheng-Ming , Lai Chia-Hsuan , Chang Sheng-Wei , Huang Ethan I. , Tsai Ming-Shao , Chang Geng-He , Luan Chih-Wei 
Published: February 2022

AimWe probed the prognostic value of the preoperative high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score (HS-mGPS), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to identify patients with the highest risk of having poor survival outcomes.Materials and MethodsWe executed a retrospective assessment of the records of 303 patients with OSCC who had been subjected to curative surgery between January 2008 and December 2017. The HS-mGPS was categorized using C-reactive protein and albumin thresholds of 3 mg/L and 35 g/L, respectively. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were executed to find out the optimal PLR and NLR cutoffs. We plotted survival curves and compared them through the use of the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test, respectively. Through a Cox proportional hazard model, we identified prognostic variables. We also plotted a nomogram comprising the HS-mGPS and clinicopathological factors and assessed its performance with the concordance index.ResultsThe PLR and NLR cutoffs were 119.34 and 4.51, respectively. We noted an HS-mGPS of 1−2 to be associated with a shorter median overall survival (OS) and disease-fee survival (DFS) compared with an HS-mGPS of 0. Multivariate analysis revealed that an HS-mGPS of 1−2 and an NLR of ≥4.51 were independent risk factors related to poor OS and DFS. The HS-mGPS appeared to have better prognostic effect than did the PLR and NLR, and the combination of the HS-mGPS and NLR appeared to exhibit optimal discriminative ability for OS prognostication. The nomogram based on the HS-mGPS and NLR yielded accurate OS prediction (concordance index = 0.803).ConclusionOur findings suggest that preoperative HS-mGPS is a promising prognostic biomarker of OSCC, and the nomogram comprising the HS-mGPS and NLR provided accurate individualized OSCC survival predictions.
Patient Management Strategies in Perioperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Period in Breast Reconstruction With DIEP-Flap: Clinical Recommendations
Authors: Chen Kuo , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. , Zhang Jin , Song Dajiang , Gu Yuanting , Li Jingruo , Reshetov I. V. , Startseva O. I. , Liu Junqi , Fan Ruitai , Lu Pengwei 
Published: February 2022

Background and ObjectiveDeep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) flap is a tissue isolated from the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdomen or rectus muscle to foster breast reconstruction. There is limited information about DIEP-flap induced complications associated with breast reconstruction surgery.EvidenceWe conducted a systematic review of the published literature in the field of breast cancer reconstruction surgery. Information was gathered through internet resources such as PubMed, Medline, eMedicine, NLM, and ReleMed etc. The following key phrases were used for effective literature collection: “DIEP flap”, “Breast reconstruction”, “Patient management”, “Postoperative DIEP”, “Intraoperative anticoagulant therapy”, “Clinical recommendations”. A total of 106 research papers were retrieved pertaining to this systematic review.ConclusionA successful breast reconstruction with DIEP-flap without complications is the priority achievement for this surgical procedure. This study provides various evidence-based recommendations on patient management in the perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. The clinical recommendations provided in this review can benefit surgeons to execute breast reconstruction surgery with minimal postoperative complications. These recommendations are beneficial to improve clinical outcomes when performing surgery by minimizing complications in perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative period.
Effects of Transient Electrical Acupuncture Stimulation Combined With Rehabilitation Training on Hemorheology, Neurological Function and BDNF in Patients With Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Chen Shuangqin , Huang Jianghua , Tang Xuan , Wang Ting , Zeng Yahua 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of transient electric acupuncture stimulation combined with rehabilitation training on hemorheology, neurological function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with cerebral infarction (CI).MethodsA total of 90 patients with CI were admitted to our hospital from March 2019 to March 2021. According to the random number table method, 90 patients were divided into a control group (was treated with transient electrical acupuncture stimulation intervention treatment) and a therapy group (was treated with rehabilitation training on the basis of the control group), with 45 cases in each group. NIHSS score to detect neurological deficit; FMA score to detect motor function recovery; the clinical efficacy of the two groups of patients were compared; blood rheology analyzer to detect whole blood high shear viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, platelet aggregation rate and fibrinogen indicators; ELISA detects the content of BDNF in serum.ResultsThere was no significant difference in NIHSS score, FMA score, clinical efficacy, hemorheology index, and BDNF content between the two groups of patients before treatment (P &gt; 0.05). After treatment, the NIHSS score, whole blood high shear visible, whole blood low shear visible, platelet aggregation rate and fibrinogen index of the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the FMA score and BDNF content of the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and all the above indicators in the therapy group changed significantly compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.05). After treatment, the clinical efficacy of the therapy group was better than that of the control group (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe combination of transient electrical acupuncture stimulation and rehabilitation training can inhibit the blood flow index of patients with CI, improve the nerve function, increase the content of BDNF in the patient's serum, and restore the patient's nerve function.