bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradient flows and randomised thresholding: sparse inversion and classification*
Authors: Latz Jonas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sparse inversion and classification problems are ubiquitous in modern data science and imaging. They are often formulated as non-smooth minimisation problems. In sparse inversion, we minimise, e.g., the sum of a data fidelity term and an L1/LASSO regulariser. In classification, we consider, e.g., the sum of a data fidelity term and a non-smooth Ginzburg–Landau energy. Standard (sub)gradient descent methods have shown to be inefficient when approaching such problems. Splitting techniques are much more useful: here, the target function is partitioned into a sum of two subtarget functions—each of which can be efficiently optimised. Splitting proceeds by performing optimisation steps alternately with respect to each of the two subtarget functions. In this work, we study splitting from a stochastic continuous-time perspective. Indeed, we define a differential inclusion that follows one of the two subtarget function’s negative subdifferential at each point in time. The choice of the subtarget function is controlled by a binary continuous-time Markov process. The resulting dynamical system is a stochastic approximation of the underlying subgradient flow. We investigate this stochastic approximation for an L1-regularised sparse inversion flow and for a discrete Allen–Cahn equation minimising a Ginzburg–Landau energy. In both cases, we study the longtime behaviour of the stochastic dynamical system and its ability to approximate the underlying subgradient flow at any accuracy. We illustrate our theoretical findings in a simple sparse estimation problem and also in low- and high-dimensional classification problems.
Significantly enhanced slow light effect in magnon–photon coupling system via cross-Kerr interaction
Authors: Liu Wei-Han , Yin Miao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We theoretically analyze the transmission characteristics of a magnon–photon coupling system based on ultrastrong optomechanical-like coupling via the cross-Kerr interaction. We use the definition of group delay to characterize the fast and slow light effects. It is found that the group delay of our system can be significantly improved by two to three orders of magnitude compared to previous studies in magnon–photon coupling systems, which means slow light effect can be significantly enhanced. By adjusting the driving power and frequency detuning of the microwave cavities, the magnitude and bandwidth of the group delay and transmittance can be adjusted precisely. Moreover, frequency control of slow light can be achieved by manipulating the strength of magnetic field. The influence of the cross-Kerr coupling strength of cavities on the system is also discussed in detail. The group delay of the system is close to milliseconds, while the transmittance is greatly improved. The result from this paper hopes to bring new development possibilities for the fabrication of optical memory and the construction of all-optical networks.
5f covalency from x-ray resonant Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tobin J G , Nowak S , Yu S-W , Alonso-Mori R , Kroll T , Nordlund D , Weng T-C , Sokaras D 
Published: October 2022

AbstractX-ray resonant Raman spectroscopy (XRRS), a variant of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, has been used to investigate the two prototype systems, UF4and UO2. Both are U5f2and each is an example of 5f localized, ionic behavior and 5f localized, covalent behavior, respectively. From the M5XRRS measurements, the 5f band gap in each can be directly determined and, moreover, a clear and powerful sensitivity to 5f covalency emerges.
Gold single-atoms confined at the CeO
x
-TiO2 interfaces with enhanced low-temperature activity toward CO oxidation
Authors: Kang Eunji , Choi Jungwoo , Choi Hyuk , Yun Jieun , Lee Ju Hyeok , Yoo Mi , Kim Chunjoong , Lee Hyuck Mo , Kim Hyun You 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We use CeO
x
-TiO2 hetero-interfaces generated on the surface of CeO
x
-TiO2 hybrid oxide supporting powders to stabilize Au single-atoms (SAs) with excellent low-temperature activity toward CO oxidation. Based on intriguing density functional theory calculation results on the preferential formation of Au-SAs at the CeO
x
-TiO2 interfaces and the high activity of Au-SAs toward the Mars–van Krevelen type CO oxidation, we synthesized a Au/CeO
x
-TiO2 (ACT) catalyst with 0.05 wt.% of Au content. The Au-SAs stabilized at the CeO
x
-TiO2 interfaces by electronic coupling between Au and Ce showed improved low-temperature CO oxidation activity than the conventional Au/TiO2 control group catalyst. However, the light-off profile of ACT showed that the early activated Au-SAs are not vigorously participating in CO oxidation. The large portion of the positive effect on the overall catalytic activity from the low activation energy barrier of ACT was retarded by the negative impact from the decreasing active site density at high temperatures. We anticipate that the low-temperature activity and high-temperature stability of Au-SAs that stand against each other can be optimized by controlling the electronic coupling strength between Au-SAs and oxide clusters at the Au-oxide-TiO2 interfaces. Our results show that atomic-precision interface modulation could fine-tune the catalytic activity and stability of Au-SAs.
Effect of the reflow process on IMC growth for different devices and complex components
Authors: Cui Hao , Tian Wenchao , Zhao Xutao , Chen Shuai , Chen Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Intermetallic compound (IMC), as an inevitable part between pad and solder, has a severe effect on the strength and reliability of microelectronic interconnection. Here, an investigation was carried out on IMC growth for different devices and complex components. The device-level experiments were conducted with five factors: peak temperature, time duration above solder liquidus temperature, the thickness of solder paste, surface finish types, and package types including ball grid array (BGA) and quad flat package (QFP). Meanwhile, four complex components with the same reflow profile were conducted and compared for component-level experiments. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure the thickness and determine the spatial distribution of the elements through the IMC. The multivariate analysis of the formation and growth of IMC during reflow soldering was studied based on Nernst–Shchukarev’s equation and the results of the experiments. The difference in IMC thickness between BGA and QFP with different factors was discussed and compared separately. The results showed that the peak temperature and time above liquidus played a vital role in the IMC growth and the solder paste thickness and different pad metallization could not be ignored. SEM pictures of the solder and statistical results were revealed that the surface finish type has a marked impact on the formation of the IMC. For printed circuit board (PCB) with numbers of components, the IMC thickness and uniformity of solder joints at corner and center positions showed some regularity differences. Meanwhile, the bump shape (Cu1−x
Ni
x
)6Sn5 IMC was observed for small size BGA with electroless nickel and immersion gold during the reflow process. The results have a significant meaning to optimize its reflow process parameters for complex components, to improve the interconnection reliability in engineering.
Carrying handle of milk carton inspired multi-layer, easy-to-assemble triboelectric nanogenerators for human motion sensing
Authors: Zhang Ping , Deng Lu , Zhang Honghao , Ma Yuting , He Jinfan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can convert multiple energy sources into electricity, and suffer from the problems of the single structure and high cost at the present stage. In this work, the multi-layer TENG inspired by the carrying handle of milk cartons (IH-TENG) is proposed, which has a uniform template, facilitating the realization of mass production, and it is easy to assemble without any auxiliary tools and materials in the assembly process. The support component and friction positive material of this structure are derived from recycled polypropylene (PP) and cotton cloth, which are very friendly to the environment. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of IH-TENG can achieve 113.6 V and 2.4 μA, respectively. Under an external load of 50 MΩ, the maximum output power density is 9.2 μW cm−2. What’s more, we also propose a stacked structure to improve the output performance of IH-TENG. The stacked TENG (3 units) open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are 1.44 times and 1.83 times of IH-TENG (2 units), respectively. In addition, IH-TENG can act as both human motion sensors to detect the motion status of body parts and a self-powered power source to power 53 LED lights, watches, and other appliances.
Curvature tensor and collective behavior in a population of bacteria
Authors: Oleaga Gerardo , Ruscitti Claudia , Langoni Laura , Melgarejo Augusto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, from a geometric point of view, we analyze the SET model (Schweitzer, Ebeling and Tilch) of the mobility of a bacterium. Biological systems are out of thermodynamic equilibrium and they are subject to complex external or internal influences that can be modeled in the form of noise or fluctuations. In this sense, due to the stochasticity of the variables, we study the probability of finding a bacteria with a speed v in the interval (v, v + dv) or, from a population point of view, we can interpret the probability density function as associated with finding a bacterium with a speed v in the interval (v, v + dv). We carry out this study from the stationary probability density solution of the Fokker-Planck equation and using the structure of the statistical manifold related with the stationary probability density, we study the curvature tensor in terms of two coordinates associated with the state of mobility of the bacteria and the environmental conditions. Taking as reference the geometric interpretations found in the framework of equilibrium thermodynamics, our results suggest that bacteria have an effective repulsive interaction that increases with mobility. These results are compatible with the behavior of populations of bacteria that form biofilms when their mobility decreases.
Investigation of β-decay properties of neutron-rich Cerium isotopes
Authors: Nabi Jameel-Un , Ullah Asim , Khan Zeeshan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Reliable and precise knowledge of the β-decay properties of neutron-rich nuclei is important for a better understanding of the r-process. We report the computation of β-decay properties of neutron-rich Cerium isotopes calculated within the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) approach. A total of 34 isotopes of Ce in the mass range 120 ≤ A ≤ 157 were considered in our calculation. Pairing gaps are recognized amongst the key parameters in the pn-QRPA model to compute Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions. We employed two different values of the pairing gaps obtained from two different empirical formulae in our computation. The GT strength distributions changed considerably with a change in the pairing gap values. This in turn resulted in contrasting centroid and total strength values of the GT distributions and led to differences in calculated half-lives using the two schemes. The traditional pairing gaps resulted in significant fragmentation of GT strength. However, the pairing gaps, calculated employing the formula based on separation energies of neutron and proton, led to computed half-lives in better agreement with the measured data.
Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of the Neglected Near-contact Binary Cl* Melotte 111 AV 1224
Authors: Fox-Machado L. , Cang T. Q. , Michel R. , Fu J. N. , Li C. Q. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a photometric and spectroscopic study of the short-period binary star Cl* Melotte 111 AV 1224. Measurements in the B, V, and R passbands obtained during three observing runs between 2014 and 2017 and medium-resolution spectra secured in 2014, are analyzed together with public data from the SuperWASP and LAMOST projects. Our light curves show marked asymmetry with a variable O’Connell effect. The SuperWASP photometry is used to derive a mean binary period of 0.345225 days. The analysis of the (O − C) diagram reveals that the orbital period is decreasing at a rate of dP/dt = −3.87 × 10−6 days yr−1, which may be caused by mass transfer from the more-massive component to the less-massive one. The system is found to be a single-lined spectroscopic binary with a systemic velocity, γ = 1 ± 3 Km s−1, and a semi-amplitude, K1 = 21 ± 5 Km s−1. The spectral classification and the effective temperature of the primary component are estimated to be K0V ± 1 and 5200 ± 150 K, respectively. The photometric and spectroscopic solutions reveal that Cl* Melotte 111 AV 1224 is a low-mass ratio (q = m
2/m
1 ∼ 0.11), low-inclination (∼38°), near-contact system. The masses, radii, and luminosity for the primary and secondary are estimated to be 1.02 ± 0.06 M
⊙, 1.23 ± 0.05 R
⊙, 1.01 ± 0.06 L
⊙, and 0.11 ± 0.08 M
⊙, 0.45 ± 0.05 R
⊙, 0.10 ± 0.06 L
⊙, respectively. The marginal contact, together with the period decrease, suggests that this binary system may be at a key evolutionary stage, as predicted by the theory of thermal relaxation oscillations.
Electrospun Polyethylene Oxide (PEO)-Based Composite polymeric nanofiber electrolyte for Li-Metal Battery
Authors: Zhang L X , Li Y Z , Shi L W , Yao R J , Xia S S , Wang Y , Yang Y P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) offer manufacturing feasibility and outstanding mechanical flexibility. However, the low ionic conductivity of the CPEs at room temperature, as well as the poor mechanical properties, have hindered their commercialization. In this work, Solid-state electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) with and without fumed SiO2 (FS) nanoparticles are prepared by electrostatic spinning process. The as-spun PEO hybrid nanofiber electrolyte with 6.85 wt% FS has a relatively high lithium ion conductivity and electrochemical stability, which is 4.8 × 10-4 S/cm and up to 5.2 V vs. Li+/Li, respectively. Furthermore, it also shows a higher tensile strength (2.03 MPa) with % elongation at break (561.8). Due to the superior electrochemical and mechanical properties, it is promising as high-safety and all-solid-state polymer electrolyte for advanced Li-metal battery.
Effect of filament winding process parameters on interlaminar performance for CF/PP thermoplastic composite
Authors: Chang C , Geng H B , Feng Y , Han Z Y , Sun S Z 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the in-situ consolidation process of thermoplastic composites by winding, aiming to explore the influence of key process parameters on samples’ quality. During the consolidation of thermoplastic composites, they need to go through resin melting-bonding-consolidation process, in which each parameter affects the interlaminar bond strength. Through preliminary simulation and experiments, the process parameters were selected. In this paper, wound NOL ring samples made of carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene thermoplastic composite prepregs were obtained with a hot gas assisted filament winding equipment. The influence rule of winding temperature, winding tension and winding speed on the interlaminar shear strength were analyzed based on response surface methodology. Through the analysis, in the range of the experiments winding tension and temperature had more effect on the shear strength while speed’s influence was small. With the increase of tension and temperature, the interlaminar shear strength increased, but after reaching a certain value, the laminar shear strength decreased instead.
All-orders asymptotics of tensor model observables from symmetries of restricted partitions
Authors: Ben Geloun Joseph , Ramgoolam Sanjaye 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The counting of the dimension of the space of

U
(
N
)
×
U
(
N
)
×
U
(
N
)

polynomial invariants of a complex 3-index tensor as a function of degree n is known in terms of a sum of squares of Kronecker coefficients. For

n
⩽
N

, the formula can be expressed in terms of a sum of symmetry factors of partitions of n denoted

Z
3

(
n
)

, which also counts the number of bipartite ribbon graphs with n edges. We derive the large n all-orders asymptotic formula for

Z
3

(
n
)

making contact with high order results previously obtained numerically. We explain how the different terms in the asymptotics are associated with probability distributions over ribbon graphs. The derivation of the asymptotics relies on the dominance in the sum, of partitions with many parts of length 1. This large n dominance of small parts also leads to conjectured formulae for the asymptotics of invariants for general d-index tensors. The coefficients of powers of

1

/

n

in these expansions involve Stirling numbers of the second kind along with restricted partition sums.
Dynamic behaviors of a stochastic new logistic model for microbial growth in foods
Authors: Li Pengzhe , Ai Xiaohui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a stochastic new logistic model is proposed, and dynamic behaviors of the model have been analyzed. The existence of global positive solution of the model is proved. In the persistence analysis of the model, the weak persistence and stochastic persistence of the model are proved. Some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the dynamic properties of the model.
Isomonodromic deformations along a stratum of the coalescence locus
Authors: Guzzetti Davide 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We consider deformations of a differential system with Poincaré rank 1 at infinity and Fuchsian singularity at zero along a stratum of a coalescence locus. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the deformation to be strongly isomonodromic, both as an explicit Pfaffian system (integrable deformation) and as a non linear system of PDEs on the residue matrix A at the Fuchsian singularity. This construction is complementary to that of (Cotti et al 2019 Duke Math. J.
168 967–1108). For the specific system here considered, the results generalize those of (Jimbo et al 1981 Physica D 2 306), by giving up the generic conditions, and those of (Bertola and Mo 2005 Int. Math. Res. Pap.
2005 565–635), by giving up the Lidskii generic assumption. The importance of the case here considered originates form its applications in the study of strata of Dubrovin-Frobenius manifolds and F-manifolds.
Toward new opportunities in the study of the biological potential of plants
Authors: Yu Rud V , Kosolapov V M , Hogland W , Savchenko I V , Diuldin M V , Bairamov B H , Terukov E I , Switala F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work is devoted to the discussion of the peculiarities of studying the optical and photovoltaic properties of plants in order to increase the effectiveness of the study of the biological potential of plants and their protection. In the article we try to analyze the validity of our conclusions, citing proven experimental methods of solid state physics for studying plants. These studies were conducted on a wide range of plants. The analysis of the obtained results allows us to conclude that the main the result obtained in the studies of photoelectrical properties with the application of the methods developed and improved by us can actually serve to control the condition of the plant, acting as a kind of markers in the study of their biological potential.
Generating asymmetric aberration laser beams with controlled intensity distribution
Authors: Singh Sachleen , Dev Vasu , Pal Vishwa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present generation of asymmetric aberration laser beams (aALBs) with controlled intensity distribution, using a diffractive optical element (DOE) involving phase asymmetry. The asymmetry in the phase distribution is introduced by shifting the coordinates in a complex plane. The results show that autofocusing properties of aALBs remain invariant with respect to the asymmetry parameters. However, a controlled variation in the phase asymmetry allows to control the spatial intensity distribution of aALBs. In an ideal ALB containing equal intensity bright lobes, by introducing asymmetry most of the intensity can be transferred to any one of single bright lobe, and forms a high-power density lobe. For a given beam parameter m, the precise spatial position of high-power density lobe can be controlled by the asymmetry parameter β, and we have determined the empirical relations for them. We have found that for the specific values of β, the intensity in the high-power density lobe can be enhanced by several times the intensity in other lobes. The experimental results show a good agreement with the numerical simulations. The findings can be suitable for applications such as in optical trapping and manipulation as well as material processing.
Two-step method for growth of adlayer-free large-area monolayer graphene on Cu foil
Authors: Liang Yijian , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition is the most promising approach for synthesis of large-area monolayer graphene on Cu foil. However, numerous factors can result in formation of adlayers, such as the morphology of the Cu foil, methane concentration, and growth temperature. Here, we report atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition growth of large-area adlayer-free monolayer graphene by the two-step ‘bottom-up-etching’ method. The experimental results showed that a temperature increase in the second step can dramatically accelerate etching of the bottom graphene layer. A growth model for adlayer-free monolayer graphene on Cu foil is proposed.
Heterogeneous warming impacts of desert wind farms on land surface temperature and their potential drivers in Northern China
Authors: Liu Naijing , Zhao Xiang , Zhang Xin , Zhao Jiacheng , Wang Haoyu , Wu Donghai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To address rapid climate change, wind energy has been widely developed in China in the last two decades. However, wind farm (WF) turbulence effects can change the local climate by redistributing temperature, humidity, and heat fluxes. Previous studies indicate that WFs can significantly increase nighttime land surface temperature (LST); however, their conclusions are mainly derived from individual WFs and ignore heterogeneous impacts among multi-WFs in China. Another large source of uncertainty is that the WFs used in previous studies are mainly located in croplands or grasslands, which may obscure direct WF impacts because of the interactions between vegetation and the atmosphere. In this study, we detect impacts with MODIS LST products during 2001–2018 at sixteen WFs in the desert of northern China. The results suggest that the averaged warming impacts of WFs on LST are similar between nighttime (0.237 °C) and daytime (0.250 °C). However, the uncertainty is much greater for daytime (SD = 0.519 °C) than for nighttime (SD = 0.146 °C) due to spatially heterogeneous impacts of desert WFs on LST. Optimal structural equation models suggest that wind speed, precipitation, and distribution patterns of wind turbines mainly explain the spatial heterogeneity of the desert WF impacts on nighttime LST. Given the rapid development of WFs globally, the local warming impacts of WFs and their corresponding mechanisms should be highlighted as a high priority in the fields of energy and climate.