bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of unmet need for social care in England
Authors: Vlachantoni Athina , Evandrou Maria , Falkingham Jane , Qin Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMeeting individuals' social care needs is a core element of UK social policy. However, the conceptualisation and operationalisation of ‘unmet need’ remain a challenge. This paper advances our understanding by incorporating a temporal dimension into the conceptual framework on unmet need to investigate the dynamics of met and unmet need for social care over time. Using data from Waves 8 and 9 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this paper examines five possible trajectories among individuals with a social care need for bathing or dressing at baseline: (a) no longer having such a need; (b) having continued needs met; (c) delayed needs met; (d) newly arisen unmet needs; and (e) repeated unmet needs. The results indicate that amongst those with need at baseline, unmet need has decreased over time – indicating that some needs for social care may be fulfilled with a delay. However, a significant proportion of older people experienced repeated unmet needs, particularly those who were younger, with no spouse or civil partner, and those whose activities of daily living index scores worsened over time. Understanding the dynamics of unmet need can support policy makers in better ensuring that those facing an elevated risk of repeated unmet need over time do not fall through the social care safety net.
Smellscape of a Pompeian neighborhood
Authors: Nissin Laura 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmelling and other sensations that are often considered solely physiological phenomena are in fact deeply influenced by culture and history, and without understanding the ancient sensory landscape, our knowledge of the past inevitably remains limited. This paper explores the olfactory nuisances in one Pompeian city block (IX,3) and its immediate neighbors. I examine the area's stenches by tracing and mapping the sources of smells, focusing on those that in previous scholarship have been considered to render ancient towns foul smelling. The analysis contests the views of malodorous Roman urban space presented in previous studies and suggests that the smellscape of urban Pompeii was not a constant reek but milder and manageable. However, the analysis also reveals that social hierarchies and power relations played a part in Pompeian odor control, and the olfactory landscape was not the same for all inhabitants.
The Influence of the Solid Earth on the Contribution of Marine Sections of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to Future Sea‐Level Change
Authors: Yousefi M. , Wan J. , Pan L. , Gomez N. , Latychev K. , Mitrovica J. X. , Pollard D. , DeConto R. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeismic tomography models indicate highly variable Earth structure beneath Antarctica with anomalously low shallow mantle viscosities below West Antarctica. An improved projection of the contribution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to sea‐level change requires consideration of this complexity to precisely account for water expelled into the ocean from uplifting marine sectors. Here we build a high‐resolution 3‐D viscoelastic structure model based on recent inferences of seismic velocity heterogeneity below the continent. The model serves as input to a global‐scale sea‐level model that we use to investigate the influence of solid Earth deformation in Antarctica on future global mean sea‐level (GMSL) rise. Our calculations are based on a suite of ice mass projections generated with a range of climate forcings and suggest that water expulsion from the rebounding marine basins contributes 4%–16% and 7%–14% to the projected GMSL change at 2100 and 2500, respectively.
Unexpected Repartitioning of Stratospheric Inorganic Chlorine After the 2020 Australian Wildfires
Authors: Strahan Susan E. , Smale Dan , Solomon Susan , Taha Ghassan , Damon Megan R. , Steenrod Stephen D. , Jones Nicholas , Liley Ben , Querel Richard , Robinson John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe inorganic chlorine (Cly) and odd nitrogen (NOy) chemical families influence stratospheric O3. In January 2020 Australian wildfires injected record‐breaking amounts of smoke into the southern stratosphere. Within 1–2 months ground‐based and satellite observations showed Cly and NOy were repartitioned. By May, lower stratospheric HCl columns declined by ∼30% and ClONO2 columns increased by 40%–50%. The Cly perturbations began and ended near the equinoxes, increased poleward, and peaked at the winter solstice. NO2 decreased from February to April, consistent with sulfate aerosol reactions, but returned to typical values by June ‐ months before the Cly recovery. Transport tracers show that dynamics not chemistry explains most of the observed O3 decrease after April, with no significant transport earlier. Simulations assuming wildfire smoke behaves identically to sulfate aerosols couldn't reproduce observed Cly changes, suggesting they have different composition and chemistry. This undermines our ability to predict ozone in a changing climate.
Early Postseismic Deformation of the 2010 Mw 6.9 Yushu Earthquake and Its Implication for Lithospheric Rheological Properties
Authors: Chen Yunguo , Hu Yan , Qian Liang , Meng Guojie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe used the 250‐day postseismic displacements derived from Global Positioning System data to explore various postseismic deformation processes of the 14 April 2010 Mw 6.9 Yushu earthquake, including the afterslip of the fault, viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust and upper mantle, and the poroelastic rebound. The preferred model shows that the afterslip of the fault decays rapidly with time. Viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust and upper mantle decays slower with time but affects a broader area. Our results show that the range of the steady‐state viscosity in the lower crust is 0.3–2 1019 Pa s. The optimal steady‐state viscosity in the lower crust is ∼5 1018 Pa s. We simulate the deformation due to the poroelastic rebound in the top 10 km upper crust. Model results indicate that the poroelastic rebound only produces a few millimeters surface deformation and may be a secondary‐order postseismic process.
Detection of Different Properties of Ionospheric Perturbations in the Vicinity of the Korean Peninsula After the Hunga‐Tonga Volcanic Eruption on 15 January 2022
Authors: Hong Junseok , Kil Hyosub , Lee Woo Kyoung , Kwak Young‐Sil , Choi Byung‐Kyu , Paxton Larry J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study reports different properties of ionospheric perturbations detected to the west and south of the Korean Peninsula after the Hunga‐Tonga volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022. Transient wave‐like total electron content (TEC) modulations and intense irregular TEC perturbations are detected in the west and south of the Korean Peninsula, respectively, about 8 hr after the eruption. The TEC modulations in the west propagate away from the epicenter with a speed of 302 m/s. Their occurrence time, propagation direction and velocity, and alignment with the surface air pressure perturbations indicate the generation of the TEC modulations by Lamb waves generated by the eruption. The strong TEC perturbations and L band scintillations in the south are interpreted in terms of the poleward extension of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). We demonstrate the association of the EPBs with the volcanic eruption using the EPB occurrence climatology derived from Swarm satellite data.
From a Spatial Structure Perspective: Spatial‐Temporal Variation of Climate Redistribution of China Based on the Köppen–Geiger Classification
Authors: Guan Yanlong , Liu Junguo , Wang Kai , Cao Wenfang , Jiang Yelin , Lu Hongwei , Heiskanen Janne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractShifting climate zones are widely used to diagnose and predict regional climate change. However, few attempts have been made to measure the spatial redistribution of these climate zones from a spatial structure perspective. We investigated changes in spatial structure of Köppen climate landscape in China between 1963 and 2098 with a landscape aggregation index. Our results reveal an apparent signal from fragmentation to aggregation, accompanied by the intensification of areal dispersion between cold and warm climate types. Our attribution analysis indicates that anthropogenic forcings have a larger influence on changes of spatial structure than natural variation. We also found that topographical heterogeneity is likely to contribute to the regional spatial fragmentation, especially in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. However, we also found that the spatial fragmentation will be weakened around the mid‐2040s. We argue that biodiversity is likely to be mediated by spatial structure of future climate landscapes in China.
In Situ Observation of a Magnetopause Indentation that Is Correspondent to Throat Aurora and Is Caused by Magnetopause Reconnection
Authors: Qiu HuiXuan , Han De‐Sheng , Wang BoYi , Feng HuiTing , Li Bin , Zhou Su , Shi Run , Yang HuiGen , Zhang Y.‐L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThroat auroras have been suggested to correspond to magnetopause indentations, but how such indentations can be generated is an open question. Using coordinated magnetopause in situ and two‐dimensional auroral imaging observations, we showed that a transient magnetopause crossing observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms near the dayside magnetopause corresponds to a throat aurora observed by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager. The magnetopause crossing was confirmed to present a localized magnetopause indentation rather than arise from motion of the whole magnetopause. Using the minimum variance analysis and Walén test methods, we captured clear reconnection signatures at either boundary of the indentation. Also, an upstream solar wind discontinuity and a magnetosheath variation were identified to correlate well with the magnetopause indentation occurrence. These observations suggest that the magnetopause indentation was generated by reconnection and lend solid support to an assumption that throat aurora is produced by a particular reconnection that can develop inward the magnetosphere at a much‐localized region.
Pre‐Activation of Ice Nucleating Particles in Deposition Nucleation Mode: Evidence From Measurement Using a Static Vacuum Water Vapor Diffusion Chamber in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Jing X. , Yang J. , Li T. , Hu J. , He C. , Yin Y. , DeMott P. J. , Wang Z. , Jiang H. , Chen K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPre‐activation of ice nucleating particles (INPs) is a potential mechanism to enhance ice generation in mixed‐phase clouds, but evidence of INP pre‐activation is still limited. In this study, the pre‐activation of INPs in deposition mode is investigated using refreezing experiments in a static vacuum water vapor diffusion chamber with aerosols sampled in Xinjiang, China. The results indicate that the activation efficiency of INP was enhanced after pre‐activation. Statistically, the INP concentration increased by 266%, 112%, and 70% at −10°C, −14°C, and −17°C after pre‐activation, and more than half of the samples showed an increase in INP concentration. The increase in INP concentration has a positive correlation with the primary INP concentration before pre‐activation. The analyses provide new evidence that the pre‐activated INPs can act as better nuclei at temperature as warm as −10°C, and highlight the importance to find a way to consider this mechanism in models.
Targeting HIC1/TGF-β axis-shaped prostate cancer microenvironment restrains its progression
Authors: Wu Tianqi , Wang Wenfeng , Shi Guohai , Hao Mingang , Wang Yingying , Yao Mengfei , Huang Yongqiang , Du Leilei , Zhang Xingming , Ye Dingwei , Bian Xiaojie , Wang Jianhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens men’s health worldwide. Recently, stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been reported to contribute to the progression of PCa. However, the role and mechanism of how PCa cells interact with stromal cells to reshape the TME remain largely unknown. Here, using a spontaneous prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) model driven by the loss of Pten and Hic1, we found that M2 macrophages markedly infiltrated the stroma of Pten and Hic1 double conditional knockout (dCKO) mice compared with those in control (Ctrl) mice due to higher TGF-β levels secreted by HIC1-deleted PCa cells. Mechanistically, TGF-β in TME promoted the polarization of macrophages into “M2” status by activating the STAT3 pathway and modulating c-Myc to upregulate CXCR4 expression. Meanwhile, TGF-β activated the fibroblasts to form cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that secrete higher CXCL12 levels, which bound to its cognate receptor CXCR4 on M2 macrophages. Upon interaction with CAFs, M2 macrophages secreted more CXCL5, which promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa via CXCR2. Moreover, using the TGF-β receptor I antagonist, galunisertib, significantly inhibited the tumor growth and progression of the TRAMP-C1 cell line-derived subcutaneous tumor model. Finally, we confirmed that the stromal microenvironment was shaped by TGF-β in HIC1-deficient PCa and was associated with the progression of PCa.
Inhibition of TWEAK/Tnfrsf12a axis protects against acute liver failure by suppressing RIPK1-dependent apoptosis
Authors: Li Zhijie , Wang Heming , Zhu Junjin , Nan Ning , Lin Yi , Zhuang Xuran , Li Ling , Zhang Yamin , Huang Pengyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) is a severe clinical syndrome characterized by massive death of hepatocytes in a short time, resulting in coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy, with a high mortality in patients without pre-existing liver disease. Effective treatment of ALF is currently limited to liver transplantation, highlighting the need for new target therapies. Here, we found that expression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (Tnfrsf12a) were significantly increased during ALF induced by thioacetamide (TAA) or acetaminophen (APAP). Inhibition of TWEAK/Tnfrsf12a axis markedly attenuated TAA or APAP-induced ALF. Moreover, our results demonstrated that TWEAK/Tnfrsf12a axis induced receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-dependent apoptosis of hepatocytes, instead of necroptosis or pyroptosis. Notably, hepatic TNFRSF12A and TWEAK levels were also significantly increased in liver biopsies from ALF patients. In summary, our results demonstrate that during ALF, TWEAK/Tnfrsf12a axis activates RIPK1 in hepatocytes, leading to RIPK1-dependent apoptosis and subsequent liver injury. Therefore, inhibition of either TWEAK/Tnfrsf12a axis or RIPK1-dependent apoptosis attenuates liver injury, providing a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ALF.
Genomic insights into the secondary aquatic transition of penguins
Authors: Cole Theresa L. , Zhou Chengran , Fang Miaoquan , Pan Hailin , Ksepka Daniel T. , Fiddaman Steven R. , Emerling Christopher A. , Thomas Daniel B. , Bi Xupeng , Fang Qi , Ellegaard Martin R. , Feng Shaohong , Smith Adrian L. , Heath Tracy A. , Tennyson Alan J. D. , Borboroglu Pablo García , Wood Jamie R. , Hadden Peter W. , Grosser Stefanie , Bost Charles-André , Cherel Yves , Mattern Thomas , Hart Tom , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S. , Shepherd Lara D. , Phillips Richard A. , Quillfeldt Petra , Masello Juan F. , Bouzat Juan L. , Ryan Peter G. , Thompson David R. , Ellenberg Ursula , Dann Peter , Miller Gary , Dee Boersma P. , Zhao Ruoping , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Yang Huanming , Zhang De-Xing , Zhang Guojie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPenguins lost the ability to fly more than 60 million years ago, subsequently evolving a hyper-specialized marine body plan. Within the framework of a genome-scale, fossil-inclusive phylogeny, we identify key geological events that shaped penguin diversification and genomic signatures consistent with widespread refugia/recolonization during major climate oscillations. We further identify a suite of genes potentially underpinning adaptations related to thermoregulation, oxygenation, diving, vision, diet, immunity and body size, which might have facilitated their remarkable secondary transition to an aquatic ecology. Our analyses indicate that penguins and their sister group (Procellariiformes) have the lowest evolutionary rates yet detected in birds. Together, these findings help improve our understanding of how penguins have transitioned to the marine environment, successfully colonizing some of the most extreme environments on Earth.
Functional assessment of missense variants of uncertain significance in the cancer susceptibility gene PALB2
Authors: Wu Shijie , Qi Lina , Chen Huihui , Zhang Kun , He Jiapan , Guo Xianan , Shen Lu , Zhou Yunxiang , Zhong Xi , Zheng Shu , Zhou Jiaojiao , Chen Yiding 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGermline PALB2 pathogenic variants are associated with an increased lifetime risk for breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. However, the interpretation of the pathogenicity of numerous PALB2 missense variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) identified in germline genetic testing remains a challenge. Here we selected ten potentially pathogenic PALB2 VUSs identified in 2279 Chinese patients with breast cancer and evaluated their impacts on PALB2 function by systematic functional assays. We showed that three PALB2 VUSs p.K16M [c.47 A > T], p.L24F [c.72 G > C], and p.L35F [c.103 C > T] in the coiled-coil domain impaired PALB2-mediated homologous recombination. The p.L24F and p.L35F variants partially disrupted BRCA1-PALB2 interactions, reduced RAD51 foci formation in response to DNA damage, abrogated ionizing radiation-induced G2/M checkpoint maintenance, and conferred increased sensitivity to olaparib and cisplatin. The p.K16M variant presented mild effects on BRCA1-PALB2 interactions and RAD51 foci formation. Altogether, we identify two novel PALB2 VUSs, p.L24F and p.L35F, that compromise PALB2 function and may increase cancer risk. These two variants display marked olaparib and cisplatin sensitivity and may help predict response to targeted therapy in the clinical treatment of patients with these variants.
A global, historical database of tuna, billfish, and saury larval distributions
Authors: Buenafe Kristine Camille V. , Everett Jason D. , Dunn Daniel C. , Mercer James , Suthers Iain M. , Schilling Hayden T. , Hinchliffe Charles , Dabalà Alvise , Richardson Anthony J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKnowing the distribution of fish larvae can inform fisheries science and resource management in several ways, by: 1) providing information on spawning areas; 2) identifying key areas to manage and conserve; and 3) helping to understand how fish populations are affected by anthropogenic pressures, such as overfishing and climate change. With the expansion of industrial fishing activity after 1945, there was increased sampling of fish larvae to help better understand variation in fish stocks. However, large-scale larval records are rare and often unavailable. Here we digitize data from Nishikawa et al. (1985), which were collected from 1956–1981 and are near-global (50°N–50°S), seasonal distribution maps of fish larvae of 18 mainly commercial pelagic taxa of the families Scombridae, Xiphiidae, Istiophoridae, Scombrolabracidae, and Scomberesocidae. Data were collected from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. We present four seasonal 1° × 1° resolution maps per taxa representing larval abundance per grid cell and highlight some of the main patterns. Data are made available as delimited text, raster, and vector files.
A large collection of real-world pediatric sleep studies
Authors: Lee Harlin , Li Boyue , DeForte Shelly , Splaingard Mark L. , Huang Yungui , Chi Yuejie , Linwood Simon L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite being crucial to health and quality of life, sleep—especially pediatric sleep—is not yet well understood. This is exacerbated by lack of access to sufficient pediatric sleep data with clinical annotation. In order to accelerate research on pediatric sleep and its connection to health, we create the Nationwide Children’s Hospital (NCH) Sleep DataBank and publish it at Physionet and the National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR), which is a large sleep data common with physiological data, clinical data, and tools for analyses. The NCH Sleep DataBank consists of 3,984 polysomnography studies and over 5.6 million clinical observations on 3,673 unique patients between 2017 and 2019 at NCH. The novelties of this dataset include: (1) large-scale sleep dataset suitable for discovering new insights via data mining, (2) explicit focus on pediatric patients, (3) gathered in a real-world clinical setting, and (4) the accompanying rich set of clinical data. The NCH Sleep DataBank is a valuable resource for advancing automatic sleep scoring and real-time sleep disorder prediction, among many other potential scientific discoveries.
Prediction and experimental evidence of the optimisation of the angular branching process in the thallus growth of Podospora anserina
Authors: Ledoux Clara , Chapeland-Leclerc Florence , Ruprich-Robert Gwenaël , Bobée Cécilia , Lalanne Christophe , Herbert Éric , David Pascal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBased upon apical growth and hyphal branching, the two main processes that drive the growth pattern of a fungal network, we propose here a two-dimensions simulation based on a binary-tree modelling allowing us to extract the main characteristics of a generic thallus growth. In particular, we showed that, in a homogeneous environment, the fungal growth can be optimized for exploration and exploitation of its surroundings with a specific angular distribution of apical branching. Two complementary methods of extracting angle values have been used to confront the result of the simulation with experimental data obtained from the thallus growth of the saprophytic filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. Finally, we propose here a validated model that, while being computationally low-cost, is powerful enough to test quickly multiple conditions and constraints. It will allow in future works to deepen the characterization of the growth dynamic of fungal network, in addition to laboratory experiments, that could be sometimes expensive, tedious or of limited scope.
Exploring the association between microbiota and behaviour in suckling piglets
Authors: Choudhury R. , Middelkoop A. , Bolhuis J. E. , Kleerebezem M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is increasingly recognised that the microbes residing in the gastrointestinal tract can influence brain physiology and behaviour, via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Here, we made a first explorative evaluation at the association between the gut microbiota and behaviour in suckling piglets. 16S microbiota profiling information was obtained from two independent replicate experiments at 2 and 4 weeks of age. Piglets underwent a backtest to assess their personality or coping style at 2 weeks of age, and were subjected to a combined open field and novel object test at 3.5 weeks of age, recording anxiety-related and exploratory behaviour. The number of squeals vocalised during the open field test was associated with microbial groups such as Coprococcus 3 and CAG-873, whereas in the novel object test, explorative behaviour was significantly associated with microbial genera like Atopobium and Prevotella. Overall, this study explores the microbiota-behavioural relation by employing multivariate analysis and exemplifies the importance of individualised analyses when evaluating such relationships.