bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Systems Engineering for Achieving Cyber Physical‐Social System Multi‐Concern Assurance
Authors: Scalco Aleksandra , Palmer Erika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNovel technologies and cyber innovations applied to physical control system infrastructures such as power, water, wastewater, and dams are about to change the world, not just for short‐term profits but also for broader societal interest. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is an example of constructing one of the largest physical control system infrastructures today, creating a reservoir on the Blue Nile to supply electricity to Ethiopia and support the country's societal development. GERD has also created discord with neighboring downstream countries Egypt and Sudan, whose economies depend on the Blue Nile. Internet Protocol (IP)‐connected control systems of the GERD infrastructure make operations vulnerable to cyber failure. Uncertainty of agreement among professionals about cybersecurity and system security engineering coupled with unpredictable social and political developments and uncertainty of the technologies themselves make these systems and societies interacting with the systems more vulnerable to disruption. There are many ways advances in systems sciences and digital engineering converge with the systems engineering (SE) discipline. Such advances require cultural and systems engineering process and methodology changes to support the digital transformation of physical systems. Societal benefits and vulnerabilities to these advances illustrate the value of social systems engineering models and methodologies for measuring the uncertainty of agreement for achieving control physical‐social system multi‐concern assurance.
Converting natural language policy article into MBSE model
Authors: Chen Max , Bhada Shamsnaz Virani 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSystem Engineers work on designing human interfaces for easy access to governance and technology. As we move to digital engineering, the policy documents are still written in natural language that sometimes is obscure and verbose. One way of digitizing is to convert natural language policies into machine readable system engineering models. In the past, converting natural language written policy documents into machine readable models involves great human effort and expert knowledge in relevant domains, which is a time consuming, tedious, and sometimes impossible task. Artificial Intelligence and its application have shown the potential to accelerate the process. In this study, we proposed a natural language processing (NLP)‐based framework for information extraction under the general condition that can automatically detect the actors and their responsible actions. To validate the performance of the model developed, we compared the NLP generated report with manually created SysML model. The result shows that the precision and recall rate of extracting roles and responsibility is ~0.86 and ~0.66, respectively, representing that this text‐to‐model framework has the potential to accurately convert general policy documents into SysML.
Value chain data integrity and quality – a case study
Authors: Ringen Geir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ultimate objective for most manufacturing companies is to achieve the state of zero‐defect manufacturing (ZDM) simultaneously as being cost‐efficient and competitive. This is not straightforward given the increasing complexity faced by the firm due to handling multifunctionality, personalization, sustainability criteria and connectiveness of products. All these requirements challenge the ZDM principles and the manufacturing system as a whole. Industry 4.0, and the embodied digital and physical world, is predicted to enable product‐ and process control at a new level of modern production. However, the transition phase from as‐is condition to a fully integrated manufacturing system put forward some distinct criteria for data management and data integrity. This paper investigates the Industry 4.0 readiness level according to fundamental data integrity and the trajectory towards ZDM. A case study is conducted to map and evaluate data reliability across a multi‐process production chain and compare to nominal and simulated product‐ and process parameters. The preliminary results show observed gaps between digitally set values versus physically measured ones at a level requiring high degree of autonomy and adaptability in decision routines for the final product to comply to ZDM. We claim that this is the situation for many companies, stating that the case company studied is perceived to be well positioned for the digital era.
Asset Information Model to Increase Traceability in Offshore Wind Projects
Authors: Stuvik Kjersti , Kokkula Satyanarayana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aims to prepare for the development of an asset information model to increase traceability in offshore wind projects. The goal of the information modelling framework is to increase information flow between projects as well as the quality of the project delivery. Literature review describes traceability in a wide variety of cases and industries, and points to both challenges and benefits with the definition and implementation of traceability practices. However, a successfully maintained asset information model can help engineers make quick and well‐designed development decisions and solutions. The development of an asset information model shall contribute to an accelerated design process with higher accuracy and less deviations. Being able to create a product that answers the relevant stakeholders' expectations in a more accurate and efficient way can give the company a valuable advantage in a competitive market. Furthermore, a research design has been defined to form the basis for further research in the spring 2022 semester.
Systems of Systems (SoS) meta‐architecture evaluation utilizing the SoS Explorer for cyber‐physical smart solar roadways
Authors: Schaefer Thomas , Dagli Cihan H 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmart solar roadways are an emerging cyber‐physical technology being developed by companies worldwide with some roadways even being in the early stages of implementation. These roadway systems have complex capabilities and connections with other systems. The recent and continuous advancements in solar technologies and wireless data transfer there exists a need to be able to evaluate the system of systems meta‐architecture for the development and implementation of smart solar roadways.Therefore, this paper outlines an example of the possibility for evaluation of the meta‐architectures using fuzzy logic assessors and genetic algorithms in conjunction with the SoS Explorer Application developed by the Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Department of Missouri University of Science and Technology. The optimal solution for the smart solar roadway maximizes each of the Key Performance Attributes (KPA) Affordability, Availability, Durability and Responsiveness. The KPAs can be assessed in a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to assess the fitness measure of the optimum SoS meta‐architecture generated by the genetic algorithm. The SoS Explorer Application is used to visualize the selected SoS meta‐architecture as a chromosome. Using this approach will allow local governments to make the optimal selection of systems to develop a smart solar roadway even as technology continues to progress.
The accuracy and feasibility of noninvasive prenatal testing in a consecutive series of 20,626 pregnancies with different clinical characteristics
Authors: Zheng Yunyun , Li Jia , Zhang Jianfang , Yang Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) according to the results of NIPT and pregnancy outcomes with different indications.MethodsBetween October 2014 and December 2020, 20,626 pregnant women who received NIPT were included in this study. The positive predictive value (PPV) of trisomy 21, 18, and 13 (T21, T18, T13), sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs), other chromosomal aneuploidies, and chromosomal microdeletion/microduplication were calculated. The positive results of NIPT were confirmed by amniocentesis, Karyotype analysis, and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA).ResultsIn total, 263 positive cases (263/20,626, 1.28%) were detected by NIPT, of which T21, T18, and T13 were 69, 26, and 9 cases, respectively. Sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs), other chromosomal aneuploidies, and copy number variants (CNVs) were 69, 12, and 38 cases, respectively. There were true positive in 49 of T21, 13 of T18, 1 of T13, 32 of SCAs, 1 of other chromosomal aneuploidies, and 15 of CNVs. The NIPT sensitivity of T21, T18, T13, SCAs, other chromosomal aneuploidies, and CNVs was all 100%, the specialty was 99.90%, 99.94%, 99.96%, 99.82%, 99.95%, 99.89%, and the PPV was 71.01%, 50.00%, 11.11%, 46.38%, 8.33%, 39.47%, respectively. The PPV was high in T21, moderate in T18 and SCAs, and low in T13 and other chromosomal abnormalities.ConclusionNIPT has high accuracy, specificity and and can effectively avoid the occurrence of birth defects, but it cannot replace prenatal diagnosis. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of NIPT in detecting sex chromosomes, chromosome microdeletion/microduplication, and other chromosomal abnormalities should be improved.
Logistic regression models of cytokines in differentiating vitreoretinal lymphoma from uveitis
Authors: Tian Sha , Chen Kun , Xiao Jianjiang , Zhou Xian , Shi Huimin , Li Yi , Huang Hehe , Ma Yanchun , Chen Bobin , Wang Qingping , Guan Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) can commonly masquerade as chronic idiopathic uveitis due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Thus, its early diagnosis is difficult. In this study, new logistic regression models were used to classify VRL and uveitis. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of interleukin (IL)‐10, the IL‐10/IL‐6, and the Interleukin Score for IntraOcular Lymphoma Diagnosis (ISOLD) are evaluated.MethodsSixty‐nine aqueous humors (AH) (46 VRL, 23 uveitis) and 65 vitreous humors (VH) (49 VRL, 16 uveitis) were collected from a single‐center retrospective cohort. Logistic regression models were conducted based on IL‐6 and IL‐10. The cut‐off values, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of IL‐10, the IL‐10/IL‐6, the ISOLD, and the models were calculated from the ROC. Furthermore, Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to determine cytokine levels in VH and AH.ResultsWe redefined the cut‐off values of IL‐10, the IL‐10/IL‐6, the ISOLD, and the logistic regression models. In AH, the AUC values of IL‐10, ISOLD, IL10/IL6, and the model were 0.91, 0.953, 0.952, and 0.967. In VH, they were 0.93, 0.95, 0.954, and 0.954, respectively. IL‐6 (r = 0.7844) and IL‐10 (r = 0.8506) in AH and VH showed a strong correlation.ConclusionsIL‐6 and IL‐10 levels were introduced into new logistic regression models. The diagnostic efficacy of the models improved compared to the indicators mentioned above among Chinese patients. Additionally, the models could predict the probability of VRL more accurately. A strong correlation of cytokine levels showed the great potential of AH as prioritized auxiliary diagnostic for VRL.
Ornithine aminotransferase and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 involved in ammonia metabolism serve as novel targets for early stages of gastric cancer
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Wei Chen , Luo Yaomin , Xiao Yang , Wang Li , Guo Wubin , Yuan Xiaoxia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe sensitivity and specificity of current biomarkers for gastric cancer were insufficient. The aim of the present study was to screen novel biomarkers and determine the diagnostic values of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) for detecting gastric cancer.MethodsWith stable isotope tags, we labelled an initial discovery group of four paired gastric cancer tissue samples and identified with LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. A validation group of 159 gastric cancer samples and 30 healthy controls were used to validate the candidate targets. GSEA was used to explore the pathways activated in gastric cancer.ResultsFour hundred and thirty one proteins were found differentially expressed in gastric cancer tissues. Of these proteins, OAT and CPS1 were found over‐expressed in gastric cancer patients, with sensitivity of 70.4% (95% CI: 63.3%–77.6%) and specificity of 80.5% (95% CI: 74.3%–86.7%) for ornithine aminotransferase, and with sensitivity of 68.6% (95% CI: 61.3%–75.8%) and specificity of 73% (95% CI: 66%–79.9%) for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1. The co‐expression of OAT and CPS1 in gastric cancer tissues has a sensitivity of 81% (95% CI: 73.2%–88.8%) and specificity of 89% (95% CI: 83%–95%). Furthermore, both OAT and CPS1 were overexpressed in patients with local invasion T3 and T4 stages than those in patients with T1 and T2 stages. The co‐expression of OAT and CPS1 was strongly correlated with histological grade I 68% (95% CI: 58.7%–77.3%) and TNM stage I/II 52% (95% CI: 42%–62%). The areas under ROC curves were up to 0.758 for the co‐expression of OAT and CPS1 in gastric cancer. GSEA results showed that two gene sets and 30 gene sets were activated in OAT high‐ and CPS1 high‐expression patients with gastric cancer, respectively.ConclusionsThe present findings indicated a tight correlation between the co‐expression of OAT and CPS1 and the histological grade, local invasion, and TNM stages of gastric cancer. Therefore, OAT and CPS1 might be predictors for gastric cancer invasion and potential targets for anticancer drug design for gastric cancer.
The usefulness of the estimated average glucose/fasting blood glucose ratio for pancreatic β‐cell function assessment in hyperglycemia during health checkups
Authors: Nah Eun‐Hee , Cho Seon , Park Hyeran , Kim Suyoung , Kwon Eunjoo , Cho Han‐Ik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a disease marked by inadequate insulin secretion by pancreatic beta‐cell function (BCF) failure and insulin resistance (IR). Assessing and managing the BCF and IR should be started early to prevent or delay the progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the estimated average glucose (eAG)/fasting blood glucose (FBG) ratio for pancreatic BCF in hyperglycemia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study consecutively selected 10,594 subjects who underwent a health checkup at 16 health checkup centers in 13 Korean cities between 2019 and 2021. The subjects consisted of 3003 patients with normoglycemia, 3413 with impaired fasting glucose and 4178 with T2DM. The eAG was calculated using Nathan's regression equation. BCF and IR were estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)‐β and HOMA‐IR, respectively. Multivariate (adjusted) regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the eAG/FBG ratio and HOMA.ResultsThe median values among FBG groups for the eAG/FBG ratio, HOMA‐β, ‐IR and insulin differed significantly (p < 0.001). The second‐, third‐ and fourth‐quartile groups of the eAG/FBG ratio had positive higher correlation coefficients [9.533, 10.080 and 12.021, respectively (all p < 0.001)] for HOMA‐β than the first quartile group, and higher negative coefficients for HOMA‐IR [−0.696, −0.727 and −0.598, respectively (all p = 0.001)].ConclusionThe eAG/FBG ratio was significantly correlated with both HOMA‐β and ‐IR, which suggests that eAG/FBG ratio reveals BCF and IR in hyperglycemia. Measurement of this ratio could be useful for monitoring BCF and IR in prediabetes and T2DM.
Synthetic MRI with Magnetic Resonance Spin TomogrAphy in Time‐Domain (MR‐STAT): Results from a Prospective Cross‐Sectional Clinical Trial
Authors: Kleinloog Jordi P. D. , Mandija Stefano , D'Agata Federico , Liu Hongyan , van der Heide Oscar , Koktas Beyza , Dankbaar Jan Willem , Keil Vera C. , Vonken Evert‐Jan , Jacobs Sarah M. , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Hendrikse Jeroen , van der Kolk Anja G. , Sbrizzi Alessandro 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMagnetic Resonance Spin TomogrAphy in Time‐domain (MR‐STAT) can reconstruct whole‐brain multi‐parametric quantitative maps (eg, T1, T2) from a 5‐minute MR acquisition. These quantitative maps can be leveraged for synthetization of clinical image contrasts.PurposeThe objective was to assess image quality and overall diagnostic accuracy of synthetic MR‐STAT contrasts compared to conventional contrast‐weighted images.Study TypeProspective cross‐sectional clinical trial.PopulationFifty participants with a median age of 45 years (range: 21–79 years) consisting of 10 healthy participants and 40 patients with neurological diseases (brain tumor, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis or stroke).Field Strength/Sequence3T/Conventional contrast‐weighted imaging (T1/T2 weighted, proton density [PD] weighted, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR]) and a MR‐STAT acquisition (2D Cartesian spoiled gradient echo with varying flip angle preceded by a non‐selective inversion pulse).AssessmentQuantitative T1, T2, and PD maps were computed from the MR‐STAT acquisition, from which synthetic contrasts were generated. Three neuroradiologists blinded for image type and disease randomly and independently evaluated synthetic and conventional datasets for image quality and diagnostic accuracy, which was assessed by comparison with the clinically confirmed diagnosis.Statistical TestsImage quality and consequent acceptability for diagnostic use was assessed with a McNemar's test (one‐sided α = 0.025). Wilcoxon signed rank test with a one‐sided α = 0.025 and a margin of Δ = 0.5 on the 5‐level Likert scale was used to assess non‐inferiority.ResultsAll data sets were similar in acceptability for diagnostic use (≥3 Likert‐scale) between techniques (T1w:P = 0.105, PDw:P = 1.000, FLAIR:P = 0.564). However, only the synthetic MR‐STAT T2 weighted images were significantly non‐inferior to their conventional counterpart; all other synthetic datasets were inferior (T1w:P = 0.260, PDw:P = 1.000, FLAIR:P = 1.000). Moreover, true positive/negative rates were similar between techniques (conventional: 88%, MR‐STAT: 84%).Data ConclusionMR‐STAT is a quantitative technique that may provide radiologists with clinically useful synthetic contrast images within substantially reduced scan time.Evidence Level: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
The Alaska Blocking Index, version 2: Analysis and covariability with statewide and large‐scale climate from 1948 to 2020
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Walsh John E. , Alexeev Vladimir A. , Bieniek Peter A. , McLeod Jordan T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonitoring and quantifying high‐latitude atmospheric circulation variability and trends are important towards understanding the anatomy of extreme events and constraining their probabilities under continued Arctic change. The greater Alaska region stands out as one region of enhanced warming and environmental changes over the Arctic amplification era, which has shown proclivity to extreme events and speaks to the need to consistently monitor overlying atmospheric variability. In this paper, we describe the creation and analysis of an updated, daily mid‐tropospheric Alaska Blocking Index (ABI) time series from 1948 to 2020. Sensitivity testing and index modifications from the initial dataset are discussed, and the new ABI is evaluated over the full period and subperiods. Additionally, we assess the role of the ABI as a regional climate indicator by analysing its variability against surface air temperature and precipitation from 13 climate divisions across Alaska as well as broader‐scale hemispheric temperatures. Months of the highest ABI means mainly transpired in the most recent climatological period, 1991–2020, and most notably during the spring and autumn transition seasons, reflecting the nonstationary nature of the jet stream magnitude through time atop Alaska. ABI trends are positive across all months, seasons, and annually only in the 1991–2020 period. Contemporaneous ABI values are strongly and positively correlated with air temperature across all Alaskan climate divisions during the warm season, but negatively correlated with winter temperatures over southeastern Alaska. Meanwhile, the ABI is significantly anticorrelated with summer precipitation over Interior and southern Alaska, but only over southeastern Alaska in other seasons. The ABI is statistically differentiated from the primary modes of atmospheric variability as shown by its generally weak correlations with the Arctic Dipole and the Arctic Oscillation (r ≤ 0.40).
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 simulations of the spatial structure of rainfall variability over East Africa: Evaluation and projection
Authors: Mbigi Dickson , Onyango Augustine Omondi , Mtewele Zacharia Florence , Kiprotich Paul , Xiao Ziniu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModifications in rainfall patterns may have significant effects on a variety of natural and human systems. This study evaluates the ability of 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to simulate the interannual variability of rainfall over East Africa (EA) using a method based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The future changes in rainfall variability during the near (2021–2040), middle (2041–2060) and late (2080–2099) future are analysed under two different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP), SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5. Results reveal that most models captured better spatial climatological rainfall pattern than simulated amplitude in the EA region receiving bimodal rainfall pattern (EABM) compared to that with unimodal rainfall regime (EAUM) in the historical period. An ensemble mean of all models (AMME) and a set of 13 models that best simulated the rainfall variability in the base period were selected using a robust method based on the EOF analysis for further analysis. Most of the selected models and their ensemble mean (BMME) displayed good capability in representing the annual standard deviation (SD) in recent decades, whereas BMME corroborates AMME, particularly over the EABM and EAUM regions. Based on these findings, the AMME and BMME were used to evaluate the future changes in rainfall variability. The models project a significant increase in rainfall variability during March by the mid and late 21st century over the EAUM region under SSP5‐8.5, whereas the increase appears much earlier in the near‐future over the EABM region. In all future periods and SSPs, SD demonstrates a considerable increase over most of the EABM region, and the magnitude gradually increases from the AMME to BMME projections. Moreover, a relatively stronger increase is anticipated to actualize by the mid of 21st century.
The cost of convenience: Ridehailing and traffic fatalities
Authors: Barrios John M. , Hochberg Yael V. , Yi Hanyi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe examine the effect of the introduction of ridehailing in US cities on fatal traffic accidents. The arrival of ridehailing is associated with an approximately 3% increase in the number of fatal accidents, for both vehicle occupants and pedestrians. Consistent with ridehailing increasing road usage, we find that its introduction is associated with increases in proxies for traffic congestion and with new car registrations. Consistent with a driver quality channel, accident increases are concentrated in ridehailing‐eligible vehicles and those with passenger configurations suggestive of ridehailing. Back‐of‐the‐envelope estimates of the annual cost in human lives range from $5.33B to $13.24B. We propose various operational and policy prescriptions for the regulation of ridehailing operations that may help limit such externalities.