bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorgfältiger Umgang mit wertvollen Hochkonzentraten
Authors: Hilleke Ludger 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFür mehr Sicherheit finden die mehrstufigen Synthesen und Formulierungsschritte von Hochkonzentraten in geschlossenen Systemen statt. Amixon‐Apparate tragen aufgrund ihrer besonderen Konstruktionsmerkmale viel zur Effizienz der Prozesse in der Pflanzenschutzmittelproduktion bei.
Pumpen zu vermieten
Authors: Preuß Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAls drei Tage vor der geplanten Einbindung eines neuen Teilstücks in die Mainzer Trinkwasser‐Transportleitung eine Pumpe ausfällt, organisiert Atlas Copco für das Bauunternehmen kurzfristig ein Mietaggregat sowie passende Schnellkupplungsrohre. Die trocken ansaugende Entwässerungspumpe entleert die alte Leitung binnen weniger Stunden sicher. Das Wasser wird 400 m weiter in ein Sammelbecken gefördert.
Impact of autologous transplantation on survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have high‐risk cytogenetics: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chakraborty Rajshekhar , Siddiqi Rabbia , Willson Gloria , Gupta Samiksha , Asghar Noureen , Husnain Muhammad , Aljama Mohammed A. , Behera Tapas Ranjan , Anwer Faiz , Perrot Aurore , Riaz Irbaz B 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDespite routine evaluation of cytogenetics in myeloma, little is known regarding the impact of high‐dose therapy (HDT) consolidation on overall survival (OS) or progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients who have high‐risk cytogenetics. The authors performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the heterogeneity of HDT efficacy according to cytogenetic risk.MethodsAll RCTs in patients who had newly diagnosed myeloma from 2000 to 2021 that compared upfront HDT versus standard‐dose therapy (SDT) consolidation were included. The primary objective was to assess the difference in HDT efficacy between standard‐risk and high‐risk cytogenetics in terms of the OS or PFS log(hazard ratio) (HR). The pooled OS and PFS HR was calculated according to cytogenetic‐risk subgroup using a random‐effects model, and heterogeneity (I2) (the percentage of total observed variability explained by between‐study differences) was assessed using an interaction test.ResultsAfter screening 3307 citations, 6 RCTs were included for PFS analysis, and 4 were included for OS analysis. The median follow‐up ranged from 3.1 to 7.8 years. The pooled OS HR for HDT versus SDT consolidation in patients with standard‐risk and high‐risk cytogenetics was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70‐1.17; I2 = 0%) and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.45‐0.97; I2 = 0%), respectively. The difference in HDT efficacy in terms of OS between standard‐risk and high‐risk patients was statistically significant in favor of the high‐risk group (P for interaction = .03). The pooled PFS HR for HDT versus SDT was 0.65 (95% CI 0.56‐0.76; I2 = 0%) versus 0.52 (95% CI, 0.33‐0.83; I2 = 55%), respectively. The difference in HDT efficacy in terms of PFS between standard‐risk and high‐risk patients was not significant (P for interaction = .25).ConclusionsThe magnitude of OS benefit with upfront HDT is cytogenetics‐dependent. Patients with high‐risk cytogenetics should preferably receive upfront rather than delayed HDT consolidation.Lay Summary

Upfront autologous stem cell transplantation improves overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma harboring high‐risk cytogenetics.
Optimal design of a PEMFC‐based combined cooling, heating and power system based on an improved version of Aquila optimizer
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Mobayen Saleh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this research, a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system have been utilized based on Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) using natural gas. To develop the complete hybrid system model, the internal fuel converter equations, electrochemical relations, heating, and cooling are solved simultaneously. The suggested technique presents a new optimized configuration for a CCHP system based on PEMFC. The key concept is to utilize an improved version of the Aquila Optimizer (IAO) algorithm to provide the optimal configuration by considering different terms such as exergy and energy performance, yearly cost, and GHG decrease. The suggested approach was then carried out on a case study and a comparison simulation with two other methods including the NSGA‐II from the literature and the original Aquila Optimizer indicated the method's higher efficiency.
An extensive vulnerability assessment and countermeasures in open network operating system software defined networking controller
Authors: Singh Avtar , Kaur Navjot , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSoftware defined networking (SDN) is the technology that has changed the design and deployment architecture of networks with its benefits like centralization, application awareness, programmability and so forth. But security is one aspect, which needs to be continuously revised according to the new vulnerabilities or bugs found in the network. In this article, penetration testing or vulnerability assessment has been performed on ONOS SDN controller with both single and clustered controller environments. Penetration testing has been performed using DELTA framework, which is solely built for SDN. Apart from using DELTA, python scripting and some popular DDoS tools like Hping3, Nping and Xerxes, are used to perform DDoS (TCP SYN and HTTP) vulnerability assessment. A total of 13 known and unknown vulnerabilities were found with impact of six each listed in high, and medium, while one vulnerability has low‐impact. The impact level is measured using common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) 3.1. Vulnerabilities have been found on the ONOS deployments with default parameters and results achieved can be used to strengthen the security of ONOS SDN controller. Our research puts major emphasis on finding both known and unknown vulnerabilities in ONOS SDN controller and their countermeasures to prevent or mitigate these vulnerabilities.
GraphWare: A graph‐based middleware enabling multi‐robot cooperation
Authors: Chen Jinlin , Cao Jiannong , Liang Zhixuan , Cheng Zhiqin , Wang Jia 
Published: April 2022

SummaryMulti‐robot systems are widely used to handle complex and cooperative missions in various industrial applications. Although robotic middleware has become the key to reducing the complexity of multi‐robot application development, existing works still have limitations in controlling multiple robots to perform missions cooperatively. To enable multi‐robot cooperation, middleware should provide high‐level abstraction support, dynamic configuration, communication, and synchronization. In this article, we proposeGraphWare, a novel middleware that provides a graph‐based programming abstraction and its underlying runtime kernel for programming and building multi‐robot cooperation applications. The graph‐based programming abstraction can express cooperative missions without exposing the complexity of managing multiple robots. The runtime kernel configures and manages multiple heterogeneous robots to intelligently perform cooperative missions. We implementGraphWareand evaluate its performance with ball collection missions which are cooperatively accomplished by a group of mobile robots, and study the fault‐tolerance, flexibility, and scalability of the middleware in the realistic simulation. The experimental results demonstrate thatGraphWarefacilitates the multi‐robot cooperative mission with efficient mission completion time, high success rate, and marginal runtime overhead.
Economics of Soil Health: Contributions of Reduced Tillage and Cover Cropping
Authors: Flanders Archie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractData from 100 farmers indicate increased net farm income as a result of adopting soil health practices. Soil health practices are marginal changes from conventional production methods with most seasonal activities and inputs remaining unchanged. Changes in management do require considerations for local soil and climate. Transitioning to soil health systems can be a gradual process, and it may take many years to achieve full benefits of reduced inputs and increased productivity. The Assessing Soil Health Series is part of a larger Soil Science Society of America webinar series produced in partnership with The Soil Health Institute and sponsored by The Walton Family Foundation. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Is seed coat structure at fault for altered permeability and imbibition injury in artificially aged soybean seeds?
Authors: Satya Srii Vijayan , Nagarajappa Nethra , Vasudevan Saligrama Nabhirajaiah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAgeing induces many deteriorative changes to seeds during storage like genetic damage, protein degradation, enzyme inactivation and loss of membrane integrity. In this study, we subject to investigate the alterations in seed coat structure and its permeability properties due to accelerated ageing affecting the subsequent imbibition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. Two contrasting seed coat colour genotypes, JS 335 (white) and Bhatt (black) were selected and artificially aged for 48 and 72 h. The results of seed ageing on permeability, imbibition and germination proved that permeability and imbibition increased but germination decreased in white genotype due to imbibitional injury, whereas germination increased in black genotype due to breaking of hard seed coat imposed dormancy. The hard seeds in the black genotype with a different seed coat structure compared to the white genotype prevented imbibition injury in aged seeds by regulating permeability. Microscopic studies of seed coat structure in aged seeds revealed a thick cuticle with small hilar fissure and compact, dense hourglass cells in black genotype compared to a thin cuticle with large hilar fissure and loosely packed and distorted hourglass cells in white genotype. Thus the altered permeability and imbibition injury in artificially aged seeds is shown to occur mainly as a result of altered and damaged seed coat structure.
Carbon‐Based Sorbents for Hydrogen Storage: Challenges and Sustainability at Operating Conditions for Renewable Energy
Authors: Rimza Tripti , Saha Sumit , Dhand Chetna , Dwivedi Neeraj , Patel Shiv Singh , Singh Shiv , Kumar Pradip 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is estimated that all fossil fuels will be depleted by 2060 if we continue to use them at the present rate. Therefore, there is an unmet need for an alternative source of energy with high calorific value. In this regard, hydrogen is considered the best alternative renewable fuel that could be used in practical conditions. Accordingly, researchers are looking for an ideal hydrogen storage system under ambient conditions for feasible applications. In many respects, carbon‐based sorbents have emerged as the best possible hydrogen storage media. These carbon‐based sorbents are cost‐effective, eco‐friendly, and readily available. In this Review, the present status of carbon‐based materials in promoting solid‐state hydrogen storage technologies at the operating temperature and pressure was reported. Experimental studies have shown that some carbon‐based materials such as mesoporous graphene and doped carbon nanotubes may have hydrogen storage uptake of 3–7 wt %, while some theoretical studies have predicted up to 13.79 wt % of hydrogen uptake at ambient conditions. Also, it was found that different methods used for carbon materials synthesis played a vital role in hydrogen storage performance. Eventually, this Review will be helpful to the scientific community for finding the competent material and methodology to investigate the existing hydrogen uptake issues at operating conditions.
Linking habitat interactions and biodiversity within seascapes
Authors: Bugnot Ana B. , Dafforn Katherine A. , Coleman Ross A. , Ramsdale Megan , Gibbeson Jayden T. , Erickson Katherine , Vila‐Concejo Ana , Figueira William F. , Gribben Paul E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHabitat interactions play key roles in regulating biodiversity and ecosystem functions. This is particularly important in aquatic ecosystems, where the flow of water facilitates exchanges of energy and matter. Oyster reefs, a highly degraded habitat globally and a key focus for restoration efforts, can reduce water movement and facilitate the deposition of particles around them, affecting nutrient cycling in surrounding sediments. The effects of these reefs on sediment infauna taxonomic and functional biodiversity, however, remain unknown. We sampled sediments at increasing distances from reefs at three estuaries to evaluate the relationships between proximity to oyster reefs and composition and functionality of infaunal communities and explored the potential mechanisms behind those relationships. Sediments close to oyster reefs had consistently greater amounts of labile organic matter, which in turn was positively related to the number of taxa and total abundance of infauna. Also, the functional traits of infauna, such as bioturbation and feeding modes, were related to proximity to reefs, but they were variable between estuaries indicating the importance of background estuarine environmental conditions. These results suggest that habitat linkages between oyster reefs and sediments are important in regulating taxonomic biodiversity, while functional biodiversity seems to be driven by processes operating at larger scales. Given burgeoning restoration initiatives worldwide, particularly those of oyster reefs, incorporating seascape interactions can help inform recovery of biodiversity and functions beyond the target habitat at the seascape level, which is often overlooked.
Effects of forest disturbance, snow depth, and intraguild dynamics on American marten and fisher occupancy in Maine, USA
Authors: Evans Bryn E. , Mortelliti Alessio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman land use is a driving force of habitat loss and modification globally, with consequences for wildlife species. The American marten (Martes americana) and fisher (Pekania pennanti) are forest‐dependent carnivores native to North America. Both species suffered population declines due to loss of forested habitat and overharvest for furs, and continued habitat modification is an ongoing threat. Furthermore, the smaller marten may be susceptible to intraguild exclusion where the larger fisher are abundant, and both habitat modification and climate change may reduce spatial refugia available to marten. A detailed understanding of co‐occurrence patterns of marten and fisher in landscapes subjected to intense forest disturbance represents a key knowledge gap for wildlife ecology and management. Maine, in the northeastern United States, supports populations of both these species. It is an extensively forested state, and the vast majority is managed as commercial timberland. We designed a large‐scale field study to understand the relative importance of three sets of predictions for marten and fisher occupancy patterns where commercial silviculture is widespread: (1) The intensity of forest disturbance primarily determined both marten and fisher occupancy rates, (2) fisher occupancy was limited to areas of shallower snow and marten limited by fisher presence, or (3) both species responded to the composition of tree species within forested habitat. We collected data to test these nonmutually exclusive hypotheses via camera‐trap surveys, using an experimental design balanced across a gradient of forest disturbance intensity. We deployed 197 camera stations in both summer and winter over 3 years (2017–2020). We tagged over 800,000 images and found marten at 124 (63%) and fisher at 168 (85%) of the stations. By fitting multiseason occupancy models to the data, we found that the degree of habitat disturbance negatively influenced detection, occupancy, and temporal turnover for both species. Contrary to our expectations, however, we found no evidence of interspecific competition and instead support for positive associations with detection probabilities both spatially and temporally. Both species were positively associated with forest stands containing deciduous trees. Our findings further illustrate the impact that land use has on the occupancy dynamics for these forest‐dependent carnivores.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of negative dielectrophoresis‐induced particle trajectories
Authors: Luna Ramona , Heineck Daniel P. , Bucher Elmar , Heiser Laura , Ibsen Stuart D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany biomedical analysis applications require trapping and manipulating single cells and cell clusters within microfluidic devices. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a label‐free technique that can achieve flexible cell trapping, without physical barriers, using electric field gradients created in the device by an electrode microarray. Little is known about how fluid flow forces created by the electrodes, such as thermally driven convection and electroosmosis, affect DEP‐based cell capture under high conductance media conditions that simulate physiologically relevant fluids such as blood or plasma. Here, we compare theoretical trajectories of particles under the influence of negative DEP (nDEP) with observed trajectories of real particles in a high conductance buffer. We used 10‐µm diameter polystyrene beads as model cells and tracked their trajectories in the DEP microfluidic chip. The theoretical nDEP trajectories were in close agreement with the observed particle behavior. This agreement indicates that the movement of the particles was highly dominated by the DEP force and that contributions from thermal‐ and electroosmotic‐driven flows were negligible under these experimental conditions. The analysis protocol developed here offers a strategy that can be applied to future studies with different applied voltages, frequencies, conductivities, and polarization properties of the targeted particles and surrounding medium. These findings motivate further DEP device development to manipulate particle trajectories for trapping applications.
A pedagogy of fluvial geomorphology: Incorporating scaffolding and active learning into tertiary education courses
Authors: Fryirs Kirstie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis commentary focusses on the pedagogy of a fluvial geomorphologist. It outlines some education psychology and pedagogy theories that can be used to inform the design and delivery of a third year undergraduate fluvial geomorphology and river management course and two professional development units for industry. A worked example is used to demonstrate how scaffolded learning (including Piaget's stages of cognitive development and Vygotsky's zone of proximal development theory), and active learning techniques can be integrated and applied in practice. The author then provides some personal reflections and recommendations that others (both geomorphologists and non‐geomorphologists) may find useful in developing their own pedagogy in tertiary education, irrespective of career stage.
Survival motor neuron protein deficiency alters microglia reactivity
Authors: Khayrullina Guzal , Alipio‐Gloria Zaida A. , Deguise Marc‐Olivier , Gagnon Sabrina , Chehade Lucia , Stinson Matthew , Belous Natalya , Bergman Elizabeth M. , Lischka Fritz W. , Rotty Jeremy , Dalgard Clifton L. , Kothary Rashmi , Johnson Kristen A. , Burnett Barrington G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSurvival motor neuron (SMN) protein deficiency results in loss of alpha motor neurons and subsequent muscle atrophy in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Reactive microglia have been reported in SMA mice and depleting microglia rescues the number of proprioceptive synapses, suggesting a role in SMA pathology. Here, we explore the contribution of lymphocytes on microglia reactivity in SMA mice and investigate how SMN deficiency alters the reactive profile of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived microglia. We show that microglia adopt a reactive morphology in spinal cords of SMA mice. Ablating lymphocytes did not alter the reactive morphology of SMA microglia and did not improve the survival or motor function of SMA mice, indicating limited impact of peripheral immune cells on the SMA phenotype. We found iPSC‐derived SMA microglia adopted an amoeboid morphology and displayed a reactive transcriptome profile, increased cell migration, and enhanced phagocytic activity. Importantly, cell morphology and electrophysiological properties of motor neurons were altered when they were incubated with conditioned media from SMA microglia. Together, these data reveal that SMN‐deficient microglia adopt a reactive profile and exhibit an exaggerated inflammatory response with potential impact on SMA neuropathology.
The impact of transfer learning on 3D deep learning convolutional neural network segmentation of the hippocampus in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease subjects
Authors: Balboni Erica , Nocetti Luca , Carbone Chiara , Dinsdale Nicola , Genovese Maurilio , Guidi Gabriele , Malagoli Marcella , Chiari Annalisa , Namburete Ana I. L. , Jenkinson Mark , Zamboni Giovanna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch on segmentation of the hippocampus in magnetic resonance images through deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) shows promising results, suggesting that these methods can identify small structural abnormalities of the hippocampus, which are among the earliest and most frequent brain changes associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). However, CNNs typically achieve the highest accuracy on datasets acquired from the same domain as the training dataset. Transfer learning allows domain adaptation through further training on a limited dataset. In this study, we applied transfer learning on a network called spatial warping network segmentation (SWANS), developed and trained in a previous study. We used MR images of patients with clinical diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, segmented by two different raters. By using transfer learning techniques, we developed four new models, using different training methods. Testing was performed using 26% of the original dataset, which was excluded from training as a hold‐out test set. In addition, 10% of the overall training dataset was used as a hold‐out validation set. Results showed that all the new models achieved better hippocampal segmentation quality than the baseline SWANS model (ps < .001), with high similarity to the manual segmentations (mean dice [best model] = 0.878 ± 0.003). The best model was chosen based on visual assessment and volume percentage error (VPE). The increased precision in estimating hippocampal volumes allows the detection of small hippocampal abnormalities already present in the MCI phase (SD = [3.9 ± 0.6]%), which may be crucial for early diagnosis.