bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting behavioural intentions towards medication safety among student and new graduate nurses across four countries
Authors: Fernandez Ritin , tenHam‐Baloyi Wilma , Mathew Elsheba , Secginli Selda , Bahar Zuhal , Jans Carley , Nahcivan Nursen , Torun Gizemnur , Lapkin Samuel , Green Heidi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify final‐year undergraduate students and new graduate nurses’ behavioural intentions towards medication safety across four countries.BackgroundMedication errors are a common and avoidable occurrence, being costly for not only patients but also for health systems and society.DesignA multi‐site cross‐sectional study.MethodsA self‐administered survey was distributed to students and new graduate nurses in South Africa, India, Turkey and Australia. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all survey items. Multiple linear regressions were performed to predict behavioural intentions using the three Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs: attitudes, behavioural control and subjective norms. This study adheres to the STROBE guidelines.ResultsData were analysed for 432 students and 576 new graduate nurses. Across all countries, new graduate nurses reported significantly higher scores on all the TPB variables compared with student nurses. Attitudes towards medication management were found significantly and positively related to intention to practice safe medication management for both student and new graduate nurses. Total perceived behavioural control was significantly and negatively related to intention to practice safe medication management for students.ConclusionStudent and new graduate nurses showed favourable attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control and intention in practising medication safety. However, differences in countries require further exploration on the factors influencing attitudes towards medication safety among student nurses and new nurse graduates.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding student and new graduate nurses’ medication administration practices is important to inform strategies aimed at improving patient safety. The findings of this study highlight the need for an internationally coordinated approach to ensure safe medication administration by student and new graduate nurses.
Geographic patterns and climatic correlates of deep evolutionary legacies for angiosperm assemblages in China
Authors: Qian Hong , Deng Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeep evolutionary histories can play an important role in assembling species into communities, but few studies have explored the effects of deep evolutionary histories on species assembly of angiosperms (flowering plants). Here we explore patterns of family divergence and diversification times (stem and crown ages, respectively) and phylogenetic fuses for angiosperm assemblages in 100 × 100 km grid cells across geographic and ecological gradients in China. We found that both family stem and crown ages of angiosperm assemblages are older in southeastern China with warm and humid climates than in northwestern China with cold and dry climates; these patterns are stronger for family stem ages than for family crown ages; families in colder and drier climates are more closely related across the family‐level angiosperm phylogeny; and family phylogenetic fuses are, on average, longer for angiosperm assemblages in warm and humid climates than in cold and dry climate. We conclude that the fact that deep evolutionary histories, which were measured as family stem and crown ages and family phylogenetic fuses in this study, have shown strong geographic and ecological patterns suggests that deep evolutionary histories of angiosperms have profound effects on assembling angiosperm species into ecological communities.
Fecal concentration of Rhodococcus equi determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction of rectal swab samples to differentiate foals with pneumonia from healthy foals
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Flores‐Ahlschewde Patricia , Gonzales Giana M. , Kahn Susanne K. , da Silveira Bibiana Petri , Bray Jocelyne M. , King Emily E. , Blair Caroline C. , Bordin Angela I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic accuracy of real‐time, quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to quantify virulent Rhodococcus equi using rectal swab samples has not been systematically evaluated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of qPCR of rectal swab samples to differentiate foals with pneumonia from healthy foals of similar age from the same environment.AnimalsOne hundred privately owned foals born in 2021 from 2 farms in New York.MethodsAn incident case‐control study design was used. Rectal swabs were collected from all foals diagnosed with R. equi pneumonia at 2 horse‐breeding farms (n = 47). Eligible pneumonia cases (n = 39) were matched by age to up to 2 healthy (n = 53) control foals; rectal swabs were collected from control foals on the day of diagnosis of the index case. DNA was extracted from fecal swabs and the concentration of virulent R. equi (ie, copy numbers of the virulence‐associated protein A gene [vapA] per 100 ng fecal DNA) was estimated by qPCR.ResultsThe area under the ROC curve for qPCR of fecal swabs was 83.7% (95% CI, 74.9‐92.6). At a threshold of 14 883 copies of vapA per 100 ng fecal DNA, specificity of the assay was 83.0% (95% CI, 71.7‐92.4) and sensitivity was 79.5% (95% CI, 66.7‐92.3).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough fecal concentrations of virulent R. equi are significantly higher in pneumonic foals than healthy foals of similar age in the same environment, qPCR of rectal swabs as reported here lacks adequate diagnostic accuracy for clinical use.
A minority of somatically mutated genes in pre‐existing fatty liver disease have prognostic importance in the development of NAFLD
Authors: Mann Jake P. , Hoare Matthew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the genetics of liver disease has the potential to facilitate clinical risk stratification. We recently identified acquired somatic mutations in six genes and one lncRNA in pre‐existing fatty liver disease. We hypothesised that germline variation in these genes might be associated with the risk of developing steatosis and contribute to the prediction of disease severity.MethodsGenome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics were extracted from seven studies (>1.7 million participants) for variants near ACVR2A, ALB, CIDEB, FOXO1, GPAM, NEAT1 and TNRC6B for: aminotransferases, liver fat, HbA1c, diagnosis of NAFLD, ARLD and cirrhosis. Findings were replicated using GWAS data from multiple independent cohorts. A phenome‐wide association study was performed to examine for related metabolic traits, using both common and rare variants, including gene‐burden testing.ResultsThere was no evidence of association between rare germline variants or SNPs near five genes (ACVR2A, ALB, CIDEB, FOXO1 and TNRC6B) and risk or severity of liver disease. Variants in GPAM (proxies for p.Ile43Val) were associated with liver fat (p = 3.6 × 10−13), ALT (p = 2.8 × 10−39) and serum lipid concentrations. Variants in NEAT1 demonstrated borderline significant associations with ALT (p = 1.9 × 10−11) and HbA1c, but not with liver fat, as well as influencing waist‐to‐hip ratio, adjusted for BMI.ConclusionsDespite the acquisition of somatic mutations at these loci during progressive fatty liver disease, we did not find associations between germline variation and markers of liver disease, except in GPAM. In the future, larger sample sizes may identify associations. Currently, germline polygenic risk scores will not capture data from genes affected by somatic mutations.
Determination of olivine fayalite–forsterite composition in ordinary chondrites by X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Di Cecco V. E. , Hyde B. C. , Tait K. T. , Nicklin R. I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrdinary chondrites account for the majority of the described meteorites on Earth. To expand the toolbox of analytical techniques available to describe such specimens, this study evaluates the application of a previously described fayalite determination method by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to equilibrated ordinary chondrites. A suite of ordinary chondrites, ranging from petrologic type 4 to 6, and types H, L, and LL were analyzed by both XRD and electron probe microanalysis. A comparison of the results shows good agreement between the two methods with an R2 of 0.95 and better agreement for homogenous ordinary chondrites above petrographic grade 4. The differences between the two methods can largely be attributed to analytical uncertainty, as well as differences between point and bulk sampling techniques. These differences were used to identify two polymict breccia samples, Peace River and Northwest Africa 10946. Of note is the effect of exposure of the ordinary chondrites to room temperature and humidity conditions after sample preparation (powdering) and the impact on measured fayalite content by XRD. As such, it is recommended that XRD analyses of meteorites be performed immediately after sample preparation.
The  VOICE Children's Nursing Framework: Drawing on childhood studies to advance nursing practice with young people
Authors: Carnevale Franco A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNursing scholars have called for nursing approaches with children that ensure the promotion of their childhood, contesting dominant adult‐based approaches that are adapted for practice with children. Although the nursing literature includes many important advances in the promotion of child‐centered approaches, there are still significant gaps in fully recognizing the complexities of childhood within nursing. Within this paper, I (a) outline some key advances in nursing approaches with children, sometimes referred to as “Children's Nursing” (shifting away from “Pediatric Nursing” conceptions that may be focused more on diseases than childhood); (b) highlight key gaps in current conceptions of Children's Nursing, namely the inadequate integration of work from the interdisciplinary field of Childhood Studies which challenges dominant age‐based developmental models which discount children's voices and experiences as “immature”; and (c) propose a Childhood Ethics‐based framework that bridges advances in Children's Nursing with those within Childhood Studies, which I refer to as the VOICE Children's Nursing Framework. The latter is rooted in the recognition of (a) children as active agents with capacities and interests in participating in discussions and decisions that affect them, and (b) best interests as the foundational basis for determining the nursing care required by a child which should be defined in an individualized manner, informed by a child's expressed aspirations and concerns. This Framework integrates biological, relational, and ethical dimensions of children's wellbeing and draws on hermeneutic approaches for eliciting and interpreting children's agential expressions, which involves continuous part/whole shifting to meticulously discern what is meaningful within a situation. The Framework is operationalized for clinical practice through the use of orienting questions, which is demonstrated through discussion of a clinical exemplar. The paper closes with proposed future directions for Children's Nursing development in practice, education, and research.
Drought resilience of conifer species is driven by leaf lifespan but not by hydraulic traits
Authors: Song Yanjun , Sterck Frank , Zhou Xiaqu , Liu Qi , Kruijt Bart , Poorter Lourens 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Increased droughts impair tree growth worldwide. This study analyzes hydraulic and carbon traits of conifer species, and how they shape species strategies in terms of their growth rate and drought resilience.

We measured 43 functional stem and leaf traits for 28 conifer species growing in a 50‐yr‐old common garden experiment in the Netherlands. We assessed: how drought‐ and carbon‐related traits are associated across species, how these traits affect stem growth and drought resilience, and how traits and drought resilience are related to species’ climatic origin.

We found two trait spectra: a hydraulics spectrum reflecting a trade‐off between hydraulic and biomechanical safety vs hydraulic efficiency, and a leaf economics spectrum reflecting a trade‐off between tough, long‐lived tissues vs high carbon assimilation rate. Pit aperture size occupied a central position in the trait‐based network analysis and also increased stem growth. Drought recovery decreased with leaf lifespan.

Conifer species with long‐lived leaves suffer from drought legacy effects, as drought‐damaged leaves cannot easily be replaced, limiting growth recovery after drought. Leaf lifespan, rather than hydraulic traits, can explain growth responses to a drier future.
Life-Course Perspective on Personality Traits and Fertility with Sequence Analysis
Authors: Mencarini Letizia , Piccarreta Raffaella , Le Moglie Marco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigate the link between personality traits (PTs) and fertility, accounting for the possible interplay with other key life course events. Using data from German Socio-Economic Panel survey, we build sequence-type representations of fertility, union and job careers between the ages of 20 and 40. We rely on multichannel sequence analysis (MSA) and on the Partitioning around Medoids algorithm to cluster individuals with similar experiences, and relate clusters to PTs via multinomial regression. We also develop a procedure to apply standard and MSA to truncated trajectories. This enables inclusion of individuals whose trajectories were otherwise observed for a limited age span, notably belonging to younger cohorts. We show that PTs relate to these (portions of) life-course trajectories, of which fertility is only one outcome.
Experimental Verification of Kinematics and Kinetics in a Biomimetic Bipedal Robot
Authors: Steele Alexander G. , Etoundi Apploinaire , Hunt Alexander J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents experimental test results for joints used in a biomimetic bipedal robot. In this work, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans are utilized to inform the design of joints of similar size and function to the biological counterparts. Three lower body joints, to be actuated by artificial muscles, were designed and constructed. Then the range of motion and passive stiffness were tested. The knee joint consists of a four-bar mechanism that provides increased extensor moment arm as the joint becomes more flexed, a “screw home” locking mechanism analog, and large contact surfaces for force distribution. The hip, ankle, and foot are hybrid hard-soft joints, consisting of a ball and socket held together with an outer, inflatable sleeve made from a braided pneumatic actuator (BPA) material. These joints provide a novel way for real-time stiffness adjustments and energy storage during the gait cycle. Results show that the physical knee prototype matches the previous simulation of joint movement (Steele, A., Hunt, A., and Etoundi, A., 2018, “Biomimetic Knee Design to Improve Joint Torque and Life for Bipedal Robotics,” Bristol, UK.). A linear relationship exists between the increase in angle and the force required to bend the hybrid joints. First, this article documents a process that others may use to develop their own joints. Second, the range of motion and passive forces in the hybrid hard-soft joints is characterized, which will enable improved control of the joints and inform other researchers to whether a hybrid joint design is appropriate for their applications. This process has several applications in prosthetic designs and robotics.
Effect of Spanwise Hole-to-Hole Spacing on Overall Cooling Effectiveness of Effusion Cooled Combustor Liners for a Swirl-Stabilized Can Combustor
Authors: Ahmed Shoaib , Wahls Benjamin H. , Ekkad Srinath V. , Lee Hanjie , Ho Yin-Hsiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of the most effective ways to cool the combustor liner is through effusion cooling. Effusion cooling (also known as full-coverage effusion cooling) involves uniformly spaced holes distributed throughout the combustor liner wall. Effusion cooling configurations are preferred for their high effectiveness, low-pressure penalty, and ease of manufacturing. In this article, experimental results are presented for effusion cooling configurations for a realistic swirl driven can combustor under reacting (flame) conditions. The can combustor was equipped with an industrial engine swirler and gaseous fuel (methane), subjecting the liner walls to engine representative flow and combustion conditions. In this study, three different effusion cooling liners with spanwise spacings of r/d = 6, 8, and 10 and streamwise spacing of z/d = 10 were tested for four coolant-to-main airflow ratios. The experiments were carried out at a constant main flow Reynolds number (based on combustor diameter) of 12,500 at a total equivalence ratio of 0.65. Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to measure the liner outer surface temperature, and detailed overall effectiveness values were determined under steady-state conditions. The results indicate that decreasing the spanwise hole-to-hole spacing (r/d) from ten to eight increased the overall cooling effectiveness by 2–5%. It was found that reducing the spanwise hole-to-hole spacing further to r/d = 6 does not affect the cooling effectiveness implying the existence of an optimum spanwise hole-to-hole spacing. Also, the minimum liner cooling effectiveness on the liner wall was found to be downstream of the impingement location, which is not observed in the existing literature for experiments done under nonreacting conditions.
Physical and Mental Fatigue Reduce Psychomotor Vigilance in Professional Football Players
Authors: Angius Luca , Merlini Michele , Hopker James , Bianchi Mattia , Fois Francesco , Piras Francesco , Cugia Paolo , Russell James , Marcora Samuele Maria 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Professional football players experience both physical and mental fatigue (MF). The main aims of this randomized crossover study were to investigate the effect of MF on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and the effects of both physical fatigue and MF on psychomotor vigilance. Methods: Seventeen male professional football players performed 10 maximal 20-m shuttle sprints interspaced by incomplete recovery (RSA test). Running speed, heart rate, brain oxygenation, and rating of perceived exertion were monitored during each sprint. The RSA test was preceded by either a 30-minute Stroop task to induce MF or by watching a documentary for 30 minutes (control [CON]) in a randomized counterbalanced order. Participants performed a psychomotor vigilance test at baseline, after the cognitive task (MF or CON), and after the RSA test. Results: Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion significantly increased, while running speed and brain oxygenation significantly decreased over the repeated sprints (P < .001) with no significant differences between conditions. Response speed during the psychomotor vigilance test significantly declined after the Stroop task but not after CON (P = .001). Response speed during the psychomotor vigilance test declined after the RSA test in both conditions (P < .001) and remained lower in the MF condition compared to CON (P = .012). Conclusions: MF does not reduce RSA. However, the results of this study suggest that physical fatigue and MF have negative and cumulative effects on psychomotor vigilance. Therefore, strategies to reduce both physical fatigue and MF should be implemented in professional football players.
Strength and Power Testing of Athletes: A Multicenter Study of Test–Retest Reliability
Authors: Lindberg Kolbjørn , Solberg Paul , Bjørnsen Thomas , Helland Christian , Rønnestad Bent , Thorsen Frank Martin , Haugen Thomas , Østerås Sindre , Kristoffersen Morten , Midttun Magnus , Sæland Fredrik , Eythorsdottir Ingrid , Paulsen Gøran 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study examined the test–retest reliability of common assessments for measuring strength and power of the lower body in high-performing athletes. Methods: A total of 100 participants, including both male (n = 83) and female (n = 17) athletes (21 [4] y, 182 [9] cm, and 78 [12] kg), were recruited for this study, using a multicenter approach. The participants underwent physical testing 4 times. The first 2 sessions (1 and 2) were separated by ∼1 week, followed by a period of 2 to 6 months, whereas the last 2 sessions (3 and 4) were again separated by ∼1 week. The test protocol consisted of squat jumps, countermovement jumps, jump and reach, 30-m sprint, 1-repetition-maximum squat, sprint cycling, and a leg-press test. Results: The typical error (%) ranged from 1.3% to 8.5% for all assessments. The change in means ranged from −1.5% to 2.5% for all assessments, whereas the interclass correlation coefficient ranged from .85 to .97. The smallest worthwhile change (0.2 of baseline SD) ranged from 1.2% to 5.0%. The ratio between the typical error (%) and the smallest worthwhile change (%) ranged from 0.5 to 1.2. When observing the reliability across testing centers, considerable differences in reliability were observed (typical error [%] ratio: 0.44–1.44). Conclusions: Most of the included assessments can be used with confidence by researchers and coaches to measure strength and power in athletes. Our results highlight the importance of controlling testing reliability at each testing center and not relying on data from others, despite having applied the same protocol.
The reproductive biology of oviraptorosaurs: a synthesis
Authors: Yang Tzu-Ruei , Sander P. Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Among all of the dinosaurs, the Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaurs, in addition to troodontid dinosaurs, boast the best fossil records ranging from numerous eggs and embryos, seven clutch–adult associations, highly organized egg clutches, two gravid adults and possible colonial nesting grounds, to plenty of species described from skeletons from East Asia. These well-preserved fossils provided insights into the reproductive biology, ecology, behaviour and developmental biology of oviraptorid dinosaurs, contributing to several groundbreaking palaeontological discoveries in the last decade. Some of them received further support, while the others remain controversial, indicating that a comprehensive, rigorous re-examination using all available evidence is required. In a recent review, oviraptorosaurs were considered as an intermediate stage in moving towards the modern avian reproduction, whose reproductive biology can be inferred based on the avian model. With the new insights generated from the shell histology of several embryo-containing eggs and evidence from previous studies, this study offers a synthetic view of the reproductive biology of the Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaurs, illuminating the peculiar reproductive biology of oviraptorosaurs. In conclusion, oviraptorosaurs had an essentially unique reproductive biology lacking modern analogies. Thus, simply applying either avian or reptilian models to infer the biology of extinct animals appears inappropriate in the case of oviraptorosaurs.
Rapid Mixing from Spectral Independence beyond the Boolean Domain
Authors: Feng Weiming , Guo Heng , Yin Yitong , Zhang Chihao 
Published: April 2022

We extend the notion of spectral independence (introduced by Anari, Liu, and Oveis Gharan [4]) from the Boolean domain to general discrete domains. This property characterises distributions with limited correlations and implies that the corresponding Glauber dynamics is rapidly mixing.As a concrete application, we show that Glauber dynamics for sampling properq-colourings mixes in polynomial-time for the family of triangle-free graphs with maximum degree Δ providedq≥ (α*+δ)Δ whereα*≈ 1.763 is the unique solution toα*= exp (1/α*) andδÞ 0 is any constant. This is the first efficient algorithm for sampling properq-colourings in this regime with possibly unbounded Δ. Our main tool of establishing spectral independence is the recursive coupling by Goldberg, Martin, and Paterson [25].