bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super-fast Super-resolution With Single Images
Authors: Eilers Paul H.C. , Ruckebusch Cyril 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a fast and simple algorithm for super-resolution with single images. It is based on penalized least squares regression and exploits the tensor structure of two-dimensional convolution. A ridge penalty and a difference penalty are combined; the former removes singularities, while the latter eliminates ringing. We exploit the conjugate gradient algorithm to avoid explicit matrix inversion. Large images are handled with ease: zooming a 100 by 100 pixel image to 800 by 800 pixels takes less than a second on an average PC. Several examples, from applications in wide-field fluorescence microscopy, illustrate performance.
Structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of nano Sr1-XLaXFe12O19 (X = 0.2 - 0.8)
Authors: Basha D. Baba , Kumar N. Suresh , K Chandra Babu Naidu , Kumar G. Ranjith 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The current work mainly focused on the synthesis, structural, electrical, and magnetic characterization of Sr1 − XLaXFe12O19 (X = 0.2–0.8) (SLFO) nanoparticles synthesized via the hydrothermal reaction technique. The hexagonal crystalline planes were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. The obtained results indicated that the lattice constants were noted to be increasing from 0.58801 to 0.58825 nm (a = b), and 2.30309 to 2.30341 nm (c) with increase of ‘X’. The morphological studies ensured that the grains as well as nanoparticles of SLFO acquired almost spherical shape. The optical properties were investigated using FTIR and UV-Visible spectra. The optical bandgap (Eg) of SLFO was found to be increasing from 1.866–2.118 eV with dopant content. The electrical properties of SLFO were studied in detail as a function of temperature, and frequency. In addition, the dielectric modulus, and impedance spectroscopy analysis was carried out to describe the space charge polarization, and electric conduction mechanism respectively. The hysteresis loop (M-H curves) of SLFO revealed the decrease of magnetization from 36.34–7.17 emu/g with ‘X’.
The effect of arnafant surfactant on respiratory distress syndrome in rats
Authors: Boskabady Mohammad Hossein , Behrouz Sepide , Beigoli Sima , Ghasemi Saideh Zahra , Boskabady Mostafa H. , Roshan Nema Mohammadian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is occurred by disruption of alveolar-capillary membrane and associated with an inflammation process. In the present study, the effect of arnafant surfactant on RDS in rats was compared to curosurf. Methods RDS was induced in male Wister rats by surfactant washout using 10 times lung lavage with 3 ml saline at 37oC through an intra-tracheal cannula after anesthetized with intrapritonal administration of 60 mg thiopental Na while animals were ventilated. Then chest was opened and stepwise increasing volume of air was administered and withdrawer from the lung while lung pressure was monitored and lung compliance was determined using lung volume-pressure curve. Total and differential white blood cells (WBC) as well as oxidative stress markers in the blood and bronco-alveolar lavage (BALF) were also examined. The study was performed in 4 groups (n=10 in each group) of rats including control and RDS, both traded with saline, RDS treated with arnafant and RDS treated with curosurf (2.5 ml contained 6.25 mg surfactant for both drugs).Results The value of lung compliance in RDS group was significantly reduced compared to control group (P<0.001). However, in RDS group treated with arnafant, lung compliance was significantly increased compared to both untreated and to curosurf treated RDS groups (P<0.001 for both cases). Total and differential WBC counts in the blood of RDS group were significantly increased compared to the control group but in RDS group treated with arnafant, total WBC, and lymphocyte counts were significanty decreased compared to untreated RDS group (P<0.01-P<0.001). In the BALF of RDS group treated with curosurf, total and differential WBC were significantly increased but in RDS group treated with arnafant, only total WBC, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts were significanty increased compared to the control group (P<0.01-P<0.001). In the BALF, lung tissue and serum of untreated RDS group, all oxidative stress markers were significantly changed compared to the control group but in arnafant treated RDS group all markers and in curosurf treated RDS group, only thiol level and CAT activity in the BALF as well as MDA and thiol levels both in the lung tissue and serum were significanty improved compared to untreated RDS group (P<0.05-P<0.001).Conclusion Treatment of RDS rats with arnafant significantly improved lung compliance as well as lung and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress and the effect of this surfactant drug was significantly higher than curosurf.
Evaluation of Cultured Melanocytes in Terms of Pigmentation, Genetic Stability and Tumorigenicity in order to Vitiligo patients Transplantation
Authors: Shahbazi Atefeh , Zargar Seyed Jalal , Bajouri Amir , Mohammadi Parvaneh , Aghdami Nasser 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims: Recently cultured melanocyte transplantation has been evolved as a promising modality against extensive depigmentation in vitiligo which are resistant to conventional treatments. Here, we aimed to find the best growth media for clinical purposes and to determine the tumorigenic activity of cultured melanocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Main methods: Human skin melanocytes were isolated from 8 patients, cultured under various growth media till passages 6. The best growth media based on doubling time (DT) and cell counts at each passages, was determined. Also, changes in BRAF, NRAS, and HRAS genes expressions in cultured cells were assessed by real-time PCR and gene sequencing of BRAF V600E and NRAS in exons 1 and 2 as compared to melanoma cell lines. Karyotyping of the passage 6 melanocytes was done to assess the genetic stability. Cells of passages 5, 6 were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c nude mice to evaluate the risk of tumorigenesis after transplantation. Key findings: A mixture of MGM-M2 supplemented with a combination of melanocyte growth factors two times plus 4% fetal bovine serum (FBS), had the best results in terms of PDT and melanocyte count during passages 0 to 6. Karyotypes of melanocytes at passages 5 and 6 in all patients displayed no structural alterations in the 15 metaphase plate spreads. HRAS and BRAF gene expressions of melanocytes at passage 6 showed <2-fold increases, while HRAS and BRAF gene expressions in melanoma cell lines were up-regulated to more than 3 and 8 folds, respectively. Furthermore, NRAS gene expression in melanocytes at passage 6, showed 5-fold change which was lower than NRAS gene expression in melanoma cell line. Gene sequencing of BRAF V600E and NRAS in exons 1 and 2 displayed no mutation. Melanocytes injected into BALB/c nude mice showed no risk of tumor formation. Also, gene sequencing of BRAF and NRAS in injected melanocytes displayed no mutation 16 weeks after transplantation.Significance: Our results revealed that culturing human melanocytes using standard growth media protocols, may increase the expression of specific proto-oncogenes, however will not lead to tumorigenic mutations, in vitro and in vivo.
Impact of Ca substitution on structural, optical, and the colossal permittivity dielectric properties of La1-xCaxNi0.5Ti0.5O3 (x = 0 and x = 0.2) nanomaterial’s for energy storage devices
Authors: Gharbi Sirine , Dhahri A. , Dhahri Essebti , Barille Regis , Rguiti Mohamed , Omari L.H. , Mariano Jose F. M. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using the sol-gel method, we elaborated the La1-xCaxNi0.5Ti0.5O3 (x=0.0 and x=0.2) nanopowders. These powders were sintered at 820°C. X-ray diffraction technique (DRX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verify the formation of a perovskite orthorhombic structure with the Pnma space group. The band gap energy was evaluated by UV–Vis spectroscopy for the compounds. Photoluminescence (PL) explains the process by which a substance absorbs photons and then re-emits photons. It is found that the imaginary part of the modulus (M'') are frequency-related, and display relaxation peaks that shift to higher frequencies with rising temperature. A non-Debye relaxation was confirmed in our samples. We have improved permittivity with the calcium substitution rate. We found giant permittivity around 106. The value of the giant dielectric constant decreases with rising frequency, demonstrates that there is dispersion in the range of low-frequency and exhibit Maxwell-Wagner interface polarization. We computed the activation energy from the dielectric constant and the modulus (M). The observed giant permittivity values specify that our materials may be appropriate for applications in energy storage devices and small-volume high-performance capacitors.
Hysteresis Between Canopy Temperature and Atmospheric Temperature and Their Drivers on Winter Wheat
Authors: Huang Jialiang , Wang Shuang , Guo Yuhong , Chen Junying , Yao Yifei , Chen Dianyu , Liu Qi , Zhang Yuxin , Zhang Zhitao , Xiang Youzhen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Quantitative characterization of the time-lag effect between canopy temperature and atmospheric temperature and its controlling factors in the agricultural ecosystem may contribute to a higher inversion accuracy of soil water content using canopy-air temperature information. For this end, the canopy temperature (Tc) of winter wheat at four irrigation levels, W1 (field capacity of 95%), W2 (field capacity of 80%), W3 (field capacity of 65%) and W4 (field capacity of 50%), were continuously monitored, and the data of such environmental factors as solar radiation (Rs), atmospheric temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH) and soil water content (SWC) were simultaneously collected. With the synchronous diurnal time series, the lag relationship between Tc and Ta was analyzed, and the lag time (LT) was calculated using time-lagged correlation analysis; multiple linear regression model was used to construct the time lag model based on factors of Rs, Ta, RH and SWC, and path analysis was used to study the interaction among the factors. The results showed: (1) hysteresis existed between Tc and Ta over the diel cycles, and different weather and irrigation levels did not change the direction of the time lag loop. (2) the key driver regulating the diel hysteresis pattern between Tc and Ta varied under different weather: on rainy days, key driver was Rs while on cloudy and sunny days, the key driver was RH. Meanwhile, SWC had some effect on hysteresis under a certain threshold.(3) the multiple regression model indicated that together Rs, Ta, RH, and SWC explained 68 ± 3, 48 ± 8, and 64 ± 3% of the variation of time-lag effect on rainy, cloudy, and sunny days, respectively. Path analysis showed that the key driver could enhance the time-lag effect through other indirect factors. These findings clearly indicated a dynamic process of time-lag effect between Tc and Ta with different weather and different irrigation levels. This study contributes to the understanding of the time-lag effect and its driving factors and this analysis provides the basis for further improvement on monitoring crop water deficit.
Silicon modifies C:N:P stoichiometry and improves the physiological efficiency and productivity of sorghum grown under nutritional sufficiency.
Authors: Carvalho Jonilson Santos , Frazão Joaquim José , Prado Renato de Mello , Júnior Jonas Pereira de Souza , Costa Milton Garcia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The benefits of silicon (Si) in plants under nutritional sufficiency may be involved in the modification of C:N:P stoichiometry, favoring homeostasis, cell metabolism and physiological processes, increasing biomass. However, studies in the grain sorghum are still scarce. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of Si supply on C:N:P stoichiometry, physiological response, and production of grain sorghum. The experiment was carried out in pots with four concentrations of Si: 0; 1.2; 2.4; and 3.6 mmol L-1. The increase in Si concentration linearly increased the dark green color index and stomatal conductance, although photosynthetic rate and transpiration increased up to the concentration of 1.9 and 2.0 mmol L-1, respectively. The application of Si decreases C:Si, C:N e C:P stoichiometric ratios and favors photosynthesis, resulting in an increase in grain biomass. Dry matter was favored by increasing Si concentrations up to 1.4; 2.3; 2.1; and 2.2 mmol L-1 for root, shoot, whole plant, and grain, respectively. Thus, the results reveal that the benefit of Si in sorghum under nutritional sufficiency occurs due to the induction of optimization of C:N:P stoichiometry, consequently increasing metabolic efficiency and optimizing the efficiency of the use of C, providing increases in the photosynthetic and biomass production.
Delirium due to hip fracture is associated with activated immune-inflammatory pathways and a reduction in negative immunoregulatory mechanisms
Authors: Thisayakorn Paul , Thipakorn Yanin , Tantavisut Saran , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Maes Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The objectives of this study were to delineate whether delirium is associated with activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) as indicated by activation of M1, Thelper (Th)1, and Th17 profiles, and/or by reduced activities of the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS), including Th2 and Tregulatory profiles. Methods: We recruited 65 elderly patients with a low energy impact hip fracture who underwent hip fracture operation. The CAM-ICU and the Delirium Rating Scale, Revised-98-Thai version (DRS-R-98) were assessed pre-operatively and 1, 2 and 3 days after surgery. Blood samples (day 1 and 2) post-surgery were assayed for cytokines/chemokines using a MultiPlex assay and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Results: We found that delirium and/or the DRS-R-98 score were associated with IRS activation as indicated by activated M1, Th1, Th17 and T cell growth profiles and by attenuated CIRS functions. The most important IRS biomarkers were CXCL8, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the most important CIRS biomarkers were IL-4 and soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist. We found that 42.5% of the variance in the actual changes in the DRS-R-98 score (averaged from day 1 to day 3) was explained by T cell growth factors, baseline DRS-R-98 scores and age. The pain scores during delirium were significantly and positively associated with CXCL8 and CCL3 and negatively with IL-4 and sIL-1RA. An increase in the NLR reflects overall IRS, M1, Th1, Th17, and Th2 activation. Conclusions: Post-hip surgery delirium is associated with activated IRS pathways and appears especially in patients with lowered CIRS functions.
Effect of mobile-phone position on the visual and driving behavior: A LCT based study
Authors: Verma Indresh Kumar , Nayak Bighna Kalyan , Karmakar Sougata 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of the position of mobile-phones used for navigation purpose on the driving performance and visual behavior of drivers. With the advancement of technology in recent times, drivers of mobile-application based taxi services (MABTS) use mobile-phones for providing service booking and navigation. Previous studies showed that the drivers place the in-vehicle mobile phone at various locations as per their choice. This behavior could severely affect their driving performance and visual behavior. Thirty drivers performed visual-manual tasks on mobile-phone located at different positions (left, right, front, and middle of the steering wheel) around the dashboard while driving in a simulated driving environment. Lane Change Test (LCT) assessed the driving behavior, and the eye-tracker measured the visual behavior. The outcome of LCT revealed that the best driving performance was achieved for mobile-phone located at the front of the steering wheel. The subjective workload rating score was highest, and driving performance was worst for the middle mobile phone position. The findings of this study show that the in-vehicle mobile phone position has a significant effect on the driving performance and visual behavior of the drivers. Insights drawn could be useful in drafting standard operating procedure for the MABTS drivers in particular and others in general.
Future Extension Of The UK Summer And Its Impact On Autumn Precipitation
Authors: Cotterill Daniel F. , Pope James O. , Stott Peter A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Research into weather circulation changes over the UK for future climate has mainly focused on changes in the Summer and Winter seasons, with less analysis on seasonality and the transition seasons. Using the 30 Met Office weather patterns we examine the influence of climate change on seasonality through atmospheric circulation using a number of climate models. Changes in seasonality are important as they can have large impacts on many sectors including agriculture, energy and tourism. This paper finds a noticeable increase in Autumn over the UK in the frequency of drier summer-type regimes and a decrease in stormy winter types that emerge as early as the 2020s. The change in circulation signal once isolated from the overall signal is responsible for a 4-12% decrease in Autumn mean rainfall on average for England by the end of this century (where the values in the range are dependent on the emissions scenario). This change is projected over English regions that are already experiencing water stress, and with predictions of drier summers over the UK in future, this could further increase drought risk. The change in circulation in Autumn also moderates the large increase in the number of large-scale extreme daily rainfall events over the same regions predicted due to climate change. While climate models replicate the frequency of the 30 weather patterns well for all seasons, large differences remain between the strength of circulation signal changes simulated by models even though the general trend is in agreement.
Prognostic value of combined preoperative phase angle and handgrip strength in cardiac surgery
Authors: Papadakis Marios , Panagidi Mairi , Papazoglou Andreas S. , Moysidis Dimitrios V. , Vlachopoulou Elpiniki , Kouidi Evangelia , Tagarakis Georgios , Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Galanos Antonis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Phase angle (PA) constitutes a bioelectrical impedance measurement, indicating cell membrane health and integrity, hydration, and nutritional status. Handgrip strength (HS) has been also associated with body composition, nutritional status, inflammation, and functional ability in several chronic diseases. Although their prognostic significance as independent biomarkers has been already investigated regarding the outcomes of a cardiac surgery, our study is the first one to assess the combined predictive value of preoperative PA and HS.Design and methods: HS and PA measurements were performed preoperativelyin 195 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The association ofthe combination of HS and PAwith all-cause mortality rates was the primary study outcome, while its association with the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay(LOS) was the secondary one.Results:PA was positively correlated with HS (r=0.446, p<0.005)and negatively with EuroSCORE II (r = -0.306 p <0.005). The combination of PA<5.15 and HS<25.5 was associated with higher one-year all-cause mortality (OR=9.28; 95% CI 2.50-34.45; p=0.001)compared to patients with PA>5.15 and HS>25.5, respectively.Patients with combined lower values of PA and HS (PA<5.15 and HS<30.7) were at higher risk of prolonged ICU LOS (OR=4.02; 95% CI 1.53-10.56; P=0.005)compared to those with higher PA-HS (PA>5.15-HS>30.7). The combination of PA-HS was also significantly linked with EuroSCORE II.Conclusion: The combination of low preoperative PA and HS values was significantly associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality at 12 months and prolonged ICU LOS; thereby it might serve as a clinically useful prognostic biomarker after cardiac surgery procedures.
Risk and Prognosis of Second Corpus Uteri Cancer after Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Yu Guanhua , Wei Ran , Li Shuofeng , Wang Yongjiao , Liu Hengchang , Chen Tianli , Guan Xu , Wang Xishan , Jiang Zheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment for the local control of primary pelvic cancers (PPC), yet the risk of second corpus uteri cancer (SCUC) in PPC patients undergoing RT is still controversial. This study investigated the impact of RT on the risk of SCUC and assessed the survival outcome.Methods: We queried nine cancer registries for PPC cases in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The cumulative incidence of SCUC was analyzed using Cox regression and Fine & Gray competing risk regression analysis. The Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and radiation-attributed risk (RR) for SCUC. We evaluated the overall survival of patients with SCUC using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: In a total of 70,214 PPC cases, the primary pelvic cancers were located in the rectum and rectosigmoid (39.0 %), cervix uteri (17.0 %), ovary (15.0 %), bladder (27.0 %), anus, anal canal, and anorectum (2.0 %). Receiving radiotherapy was strongly associated with a higher risk of developing SCUC for PPC patients in Fine-Gray competing risk regression (No-RT vs. RT, adjusted HR= 1.77, 95%CI: 1.40-2.28, P＜0.001). The incidence of SCUC in PPC patients who received RT was higher than the US general population (SIR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.41-1.93, P<0.05), but the incidence of SCUC in patients who did not receive RT was lower than with the US general population (SIR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61-0.75, P<0.05). The dynamic SIR and RR for SCUC decreased with decreasing age at PPC diagnosis and decreased with time progress. In terms of overall survival, 10-year survival rates with SCUC after No-RT (NRT) and SCUC after RT were 45.9% and 25.9% (HR= 1.82, 95%CI: 1.46-2.29, P＜0.001), respectively.Conclusion: Radiotherapy for primary pelvic cancers is associated with higher risk of developing SCUC than patients unexposed to radiotherapy. We suggest that patients with pelvic RT, especially young patients, should receive long-term monitoring for the risk of developing SCUC.
Generation of Axially Splitted Ultra-Long Multiple Optical Needles/Optical Tubes Using Generalized Cylindrical Vector Bessel Gaussian Beam Phase Modulated by Annular Walsh Function Filter
Authors: D. Thiruarul , J. William Charles , M. Lavanya , K.B Rajesh , Z. Jaroszewicz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on vector diffraction theory and annular Walsh function filter, axially splitted ultra-long multiple optical needles/optical tubes of electric as well as magnetic field distributions are numerically generated by generalized cylindrical vector Bessel Gaussian beam phase modulated by annular Walsh function filter. This multiple optical structures can be conveniently tailored by properly tuning the initial phase of the Cylindrical vector beam(CVB) and Walsh order of the annular Walsh function filter. Furthermore, the effect of energy flux density(Poynting vector) as well as Spin angular momentum(SAM) distribution in the focal region are theoretically analyzed. We expect that such an axially splitted focal systems could be applicable in optical trapping and manipulation of multiple particles, optical super resolution microscopy etc.