bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Measures of First-phase Insulin Response and Their Predictive Ability for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Baidal David A , Warnock Megan , Xu Ping , Geyer Susan , Marks Jennifer B , Moran Antoinette , Sosenko Jay , Evans-Molina Carmella 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
Decreased first-phase insulin response (FPIR) during intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT) is an early indicator of β-cell dysfunction and predictor of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Objective
Assess whether oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measures could serve as FPIR alternatives in their ability to predict T1D in autoantibody positive (Aab+) subjects.

Design
OGTT and IVGTT were performed within 30 days of each other. Eleven OGTT variables were evaluated for (1) correlation with FPIR and (2) T1D prediction.

Setting
Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet “Oral Insulin for Prevention of Diabetes in Relatives at Risk for T1D” (TN-07) and Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Diabetes (DPT-1) studies clinical sites.

Patients
TN-07 (n = 292; age 9.4 ± 6.1 years) and DPT-1 (n = 194; age 15.1 ± 10.0 years) Aab + relatives of T1D individuals.

Main outcome measures
(1) Correlation coefficients of OGTT measures with FPIR and (2) T1D prediction at 2 years using area under receiver operating characteristic (ROCAUC) curves.

Results
Index60 showed the strongest correlation in DPT-1 (r = -0.562) but was weaker in TN-07 (r = -0.378). C-peptide index consistently showed good correlation with FPIR across studies (TN-07, r = 0.583; DPT-1, r = 0.544; P &lt; 0.0001). Index60 and C-peptide index had the highest ROCAUCs for T1D prediction (0.778 vs 0.717 in TN-07 and 0.763 vs 0.721 in DPT-1, respectively; P = NS), followed by FPIR (0.707 in TN-07; 0.628 in DPT-1).

Conclusions
C-peptide index was the strongest measure to correlate with FPIR in both studies. Index60 and C-peptide index had the highest predictive accuracy for T1D and were comparable. OGTTs could be considered instead of IVGTTs for subject stratification in T1D prevention trials.
Symptoms and Glycemic Control in Young People With Type 1 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Observational Study
Authors: Nimri Revital , Rachmiel Marianna , Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal , Brener Avivit , de Vries Liat , Fisch Shvalb Naama , Lazar Liora , Oren Asaf , Jacobi-Polishook Talia , Shefer Averbuch Noa , Tenenbaum Ariel , Mel Eran , Krepel Volsky Sari , Mouler Marie , Demol Sharon , Shalitin Shlomit , Bello Rachel , Phillip Moshe , Lebenthal Yael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
Data is needed regarding the effect of SARS-CoV-19 infection on young people with established type 1 diabetes. Identifying the disease outcomes, short and long-term sequelae may help to establish an evidence-based prevention and education policy for sick days management and DKA prevention.

Objective
This work aims to describe clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, adolescents, and young adults with established type 1 diabetes (T1D) and explore the effects of COVID-19 on glycemic control and disease course.

Methods
An observational study was conducted at 3 pediatric diabetes clinics in Israel between mid-March 2020 and mid-March 2021. Included were young people with established T1D, age younger than 30 years, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Data were collected from medical files, diabetes devices, and COVID-19 questionnaire. Outcome measures were analyzed by the presence/absence of clinical symptoms (symptomatic/asymptomatic) and by age group (pediatric, &lt; 19 years/young adults, 19-30 years).

Results
Of 132 patients, mean age 16.9 ± 5.3years, with COVID-19–confirmed infection, 103 (78%) had related symptoms; the most common were headaches, fatigue, fever, and loss of sense of smell. All had a mild disease course, but 4 required hospitalization and 2 cases were directly related to COVID-19 infection (pleuropneumonia in a patient with immunodeficiency syndrome, 1 case of diabetic ketoacidosis). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.23; P = .033), elevated glucose levels (OR = 5.23; 95% CI, 1.12-24.41; P = .035), and comorbidities (OR = 8.21; 95% CI, 1.00-67.51; P = .050) were positively associated with symptomatic infection. Persistent symptoms occurred in 16.5% of the cohort over a median of 6.7 months; age (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29; P = .030) and elevated glucose levels (OR = 3.42; 95% CI, 1.12-10.40; P = .031) were positively associated with persistent symptoms. Usually, no change was reported in glucose levels (64%) except for a temporary deterioration in glycemic control during the short infection period.

Conclusion
Young people with established T1D experience mild COVID-19 infection. Elevated glucose levels during COVID-19 infection and older age were associated with prolonged disease course.
Cerebral autoregulation across the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women
Authors: Korad Stephanie , Mündel Toby , Fan Jui‐Lin , Perry Blake G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that ovarian hormones play a significant role in the lower stroke incidence observed in pre‐menopausal women compared with men. However, the role of ovarian hormones in cerebrovascular regulation remains to be elucidated. We examined the blood pressure‐cerebral blood flow relationship (cerebral autoregulation) across the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women (n = 12; mean ± SD: age, 31 ± 7 years). Participants completed sit‐to‐stand and Valsalva maneuvers (VM, mouth pressure of 40 mmHg for 15 s) during the early follicular (EF), late follicular (LF), and mid‐luteal (ML) menstrual cycle phases, confirmed by serum measurement of progesterone and 17β‐estradiol. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), arterial blood pressure and partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide were measured. Cerebral autoregulation was assessed by transfer function analysis during spontaneous blood pressure oscillations, rate of regulation (RoR) during sit‐to‐stand maneuvers, and Tieck’s autoregulatory index during VM phases II and IV (AI‐II and AI‐IV, respectively). Resting mean MCAv (MCAvmean), blood pressure, and cerebral autoregulation were unchanged across the menstrual cycle (all p > 0.12). RoR tended to be different (EF, 0.25 ± 0.06; LF; 0.19 ± 0.04; ML, 0.18 ± 0.12 sec−1; p = 0.07) and demonstrated a negative relationship with 17β‐estradiol (R2 = 0.26, p = 0.02). No changes in AI‐II (EF, 1.95 ± 1.20; LF, 1.67 ± 0.77 and ML, 1.20 ± 0.55) or AI‐IV (EF, 1.35 ± 0.21; LF, 1.27 ± 0.26 and ML, 1.20 ± 0.2) were observed (p = 0.25 and 0.37, respectively). Although, a significant interaction effect (p = 0.02) was observed for the VM MCAvmean response. These data indicate that the menstrual cycle has limited impact on cerebrovascular autoregulation, but individual differences should be considered.
A New True Triaxial Apparatus for Finite Deformation with a Novel Rigid–Flexible Loading Device
Authors: Xie Wen-Bo , Ye Guan-Lin , Zhang Qi , Chen Jin-Jian , Zhang Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a new true triaxial apparatus with mixed boundaries for soft soils. A novel rigid–flexible loading device with four sliding rigid plates is designed. In the new loading device, the sliding block and the loading plate are separated, which allows the plates to be enclosed by a rubber membrane. This unique design can not only avoid the interference between adjacent plates and the corner effect, but also achieve a full π plane stress path. The friction between the sliding plates and specimen is reduced to a negligible level by using Teflon films together with lubricant. Paired sliding plates are connected precisely by a special transmission device and driven by a servo motor, which makes it possible to keep the specimen central, in either displacement control or load control modes. The new apparatus was used to investigate the mechanical properties of Shanghai Layer-4 clay under the three-dimensional loading condition. Typical test results are presented and discussed comprehensively. The influence of Lode angle on the stress–strain relation of the clay in finite deformation is investigated and the applicability of the new apparatus to soft soil testing is confirmed.
Thermodynamic Calculations and Heat Treatments on Phase Transformation Characteristics of 9Cr1Mo Steel
Authors: Liu Sheng , Hu Xinbin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
9Cr1Mo steels are widely used for high-temperature applications in thermal power plants, owing to their relatively high strengths and low costs. In the present study, thermodynamic calculations of equilibrium and nonequilibrium transformations are carried out by JMatPro software. In the equilibrium condition, the austenite transforms to ferrite with saturated amount of M23C6 carbides ((Cr,Fe)23C6) at a temperature lower than 600°C. By contrast, austenite-martensite transformation accompanied by precipitation of a lesser amount of M23C6 carbides occurs lower than 340°C under a certain cooling rate during the nonequilibrium process. Meanwhile, an experimental investigation on the effect of various cooling rates after austenization on the microstructure and hardness of austenitized and tempered steel has been presented. The experimental results are close to the calculated ones. As the cooling rate after austenization increases, the ferrite transformation turns into martensite transformation, which could be verified by the variations of hardness, phase compositions, precipitation behaviors and grain boundary characteristics.
Digital HR: A study on how game-based assessments can attract talents
Authors: Gürbüz Uğur , Afacan Fındıklı Mine , Özdemir Şebnem 
Published: May 2022

Today, “Talent Gap” poses as one of the biggest problems in the business world. As the ratio of this talent gap increases, so too does the desperation of businesses to alleviate this problem. This study aims to answer the research problem defined as, “Does using game-based assessment provide an advantage to companies in the war of attracting and retaining young talents?” To answer this, the aptitudes and perspectives of 35 candidates towards the companies in terms of some criteria were measured by means of Analytic Hierarchy Process. In conclusion, this study shows that the companies, offering game based assessment, witnessed a 72 percent more advantageous situation than companies offering traditional assessment tests.
Keywords: Game Based Assessment, Traditional Assessment, Digital HR, Talent Acquisition
E-learning system of teaching english language
Authors: Salama Ramiz , Chiparausha Krell , Bsatar Faysal 
Published: May 2022

The use of E-learning platforms for education in recent times has been on the rise. The purpose of this work is to provide an overview of the web application. This paper provides an overview of a web-based application as a result of the project titled “22nd Century English”. This is a web platform that arranges schedules and scheduled video conferences between students and lecturers. A lot of teachers especially English Teachers have extra time with which they can teach but without commitment, because of their commitment to their Teaching Institution. With the opportunity to handle freelance lessons through the developed application, teachers have the ability to earn extra income while helping other students outside their schools. This platform also helps students to learn English remotely without wasting time with traveling or intense commitment.

Keywords: E-learning; English teaching; learn press; LMS.

Keywords: LMS, learn press, e-learning, English teaching, efficiency of English learning;
PERAN REGULASI EMOSI DAN PEMAAFAN SEBAGAI SOLUSI TERHADAP PERILAKU CYBERBULLYING DI KALANGAN REMAJA INDONESIA
Authors: Nugraha Erico Pratama 
Published: May 2022

Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi memiliki dampak positif dan negatif, salah satu dampak negatifnya adalah perilaku perundungan siber di kalangan remaja Indonesia. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk medeskripsikan terkait solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi perilaku perundungan siber tersebut yang mana penelitian ini menawarkan solusi berupa regulasi emosi dan pemaafan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan atau library research dengan teknik analisis data deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa regulasi emosi dan pemaafan terbukti dapat mengurangi perilaku perundungan siber dengan mencegah, memprediksi, dan menghentikan terjadinya perilaku perundungan siber di kalangan remaja. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan dan analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa regulasi emosi dan pemaafan dapat dijadikan solusi untuk menghentikan perilaku perundungan siber di kalangnya remaja Indonesia.
Kata kunci: regulasi emosi, pemaafan, perundungan siber
Strengthening water, sanitation and hygiene governance: a critical review of Zimbabwe's WASH sector institutional arrangements
Authors: Dhoba L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper sought to review the structural and operational modalities for Zimbabwe's water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector coordination architecture with an objective to identify gaps and recommend areas for further strengthening. Data were collected using a mixed-method approach involving a questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, key-informant interviews and literature review. The study established that the institution of the National Action Committee (NAC) remains incapacitated to effectively deliver on its mandate. Its various committees are failing to convene meetings on regular basis, hence issues take longer to resolve. Decision-making and role clarity among members still remain indistinct, triggering undesirable conflicts. The legitimacy of the institution of the NAC also remains highly questionable, lacking legal bases to back its operations. In terms of information management, structures and systems are in place, only requiring support to make sure they thrive. Finally, financing including intersectoral coordination remains very weak and would need to be built-on, considering the potential of the coordination mechanism to enhance service delivery. A key recommendation emerging from this study is the urgent need for government to commission a review of the current multi-stakeholder platform in the best interest of aligning the coordination structure to the 2013 national constitution and national water policy.
Multi-objective optimisation of sewer maintenance scheduling
Authors: Draude Sabrina , Keedwell Ed , Kapelan Zoran , Hiscock Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Effective functioning of sewer systems is critical for the everyday life of people in the urban environment. This is achieved, among other things, by the means of regular, planned maintenance of these systems. A large water utility would normally have several maintenance teams (or crews) at their disposal who can perform related jobs at different locations in the company area and with different levels of priority. This paper presents a new methodology for the optimisation of related maintenance schedules resulting in clear prioritisation of the ordering of maintenance tasks for crews. The scheduling problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem with the following three objectives, namely the minimisation of the total maintenance cost, the minimisation of travel times of maintenance teams and the maximisation of the job's priority score, all over a pre-defined scheduling horizon. The optimisation problem is solved using the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) optimisation method. The results obtained from a real-life UK case study demonstrate that the new methodology can determine optimal, low-cost maintenance schedules in a computationally efficient manner when compared to the corresponding existing company schedules. Daily productivity of maintenance teams in terms of number of jobs completed improved by 26% when the methodology was applied to scheduling in the case study. Given this, the method has the potential to be applied within water utilities and the water utility Welsh Water (Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water (DCWW)) is currently implementing it into their systems.
Chronic Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation and Modern Lifestyle:
The Dark Role of Gut Microbiota on Related Diseases with a Focus on
COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mundula Tiziana , Russo Edda , Curini Lavinia , Giudici Francesco , Piccioni Andrea , Franceschi Francesco , Amedei Amedeo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Inflammation is a physiological, beneficial, and auto-limiting response of the
host to alarming stimuli. Conversely, a chronic systemic low-grade inflammation (CSLGI),
known as a long-time persisting condition, causes damage to the organs and host tissues,
representing a major risk for chronic diseases. Currently, a high global incidence of
chronic inflammatory diseases is observed, often linked to the lifestyle-related changes
that occurred in the last decade. The main lifestyle-related factors are proinflammatory diet,
psychological stress, tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, and indoor
living and working with its related consequences such as indoor pollution, artificial light
exposure, and low vitamin D production. Recent scientific evidence found that gut microbiota
(GM) has a main role in shaping the host’s health, particularly as CSLGI mediator.
Based on the lastest discoveries regarding the remarkable GM activity, in this manuscript
we focus on the elements of actual lifestyle that influence the composition and function
of the intestinal microbial community in order to elicit the CSLGI and its correlated
pathologies. In this scenario, we provide a broad review of the interplay between modern
lifestyle, GM, and CSLGI with a special focus on the COVID symptoms and emerging
long-COVID syndrome.
Antitumor and Antiparasitic Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides Derived
from Snake Venom: A Systematic Review Approach
Authors: de Moura Gabriel Acácio. , de Oliveira Juliana Ramos. , Rocha Yasmim Mendes. , de Oliveira Freitas Janaína , Rodrigues João Pedro Viana. , Ferreira Vanessa Pinheiro Gonçalves , Nicolete Roberto 
Published: May 2022

Background:
In a scenario of increased pathogens with multidrug resistance
phenotypes, it is necessary to seek new pharmacological options. This fact is responsible
for an increase in neoplasms and multiresistant parasitic diseases. In turn, snake venom-
derived peptides exhibited cytotoxic action on fungal and bacterial strains, possibly
presenting activities in resistant tumor cells and parasites. Therefore, the aim of this work
is to verify an antitumor and antiparasitic activity of antimicrobial peptides derived from
snake venom.

Methods:
For this purpose, searches were performed in the Pubmed, Embase and Virtual
Health Library databases by combining the descriptors peptides, venom and snake with
antitumor/ antiparasitic agent and in silico. The inclusion criteria: in vitro and in vivo experimental
articles in addition to in silico studies. The exclusion criteria: articles that
were out of scope, review articles, abstracts, and letters to the reader. Data extracted: peptide
name, peptide sequence, semi-maximal inhibitory concentration, snake species, tumor
lineage or parasitic strain, cytotoxicity, in vitro and in vivo activity.

Results:
In total 164 articles were found, of which 14 were used. A total of ten peptides
with antiproliferative activity on tumor cells were identified. Among the articles, seven
peptides addressed the antiparasitic activity.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, snake venom-derived peptides can be considered as potential
pharmacological options for parasites and tumors, however more studies are needed to
prove their specific activity.
Functionalized PAMAM-based Nanoformulation for Targeted Delivery of
5-Fluorouracil in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Siwei , Ouyang Hu , He Dongxiu , Liu Daquan , Wang Xiao , Chen Hongyuan , Pan Wei , Li Qi , Xie Weiquan , Yu Cuiyun 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The efficacy of a traditional anticancer drug is challenged by adverse effects of the
drug, including its nonspecific bio-distribution, short half-life, and side effects. Dendrimer-based targeted drug
delivery system has been considered a promising strategy to increase targeting ability and reduce adverse effects
of anti-cancer drugs.

Objective:
This study analyzed the feasibility of whether the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) could be delivered
by functionalized fifth-poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) with the peptide WP05 and the acetic anhydride to
the liver cancer cells, reducing the toxicity of the PAMAM and improving the targeting property of 5-FU during
delivery.

Methods:
The functionalized PAMAM-based nanoformulation (WP05-G5.0NHAC-FUA) was fabricated
through an amide condensation reaction to improve the therapeutic efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). The physicochemical structure, particle size, zeta potential, stability, and in vitro release
characteristics of WP05-G5.0NHAC-FUA were evaluated. In addition, the targeting, biocompatibility,
anti-proliferation, and anti-migration of WP05-G5.0NHAC-FUA were investigated. The anti-tumor effect of
WP05-G5.0NHAC-FUA in vivo was evaluated by constructing xenograft tumor models of human hepatoma
cells (Bel-7402) implanted in nude mice.

Results:
The resultant WP05-G5.0NHAC-FUA displayed spherical-like nanoparticles with a size of 174.20 ±
3.59 nm. Zeta potential and the drug loading of WP05-G5.0NHAC-FUA were 5.62 ± 0.41mV and 28.67 ±
1.25%, respectively. Notably, the optimized 5-FU-loaded formulation showed greater cytotoxicity with an IC50
of 30.80 ± 4.04 μg/mL than free 5-FU (114.93 ± 1.43 μg/mL) in Bel-7402 cancer liver cells, but a significantly
reduced side effect relative to free 5-FU in L02 normal liver cells. In vivo animal study further confirmed efficient
tumor accumulation and enhanced therapeutic efficiency.

Conclusion:
The developed nanoformulation is a promising platform for the targeting delivery of 5-FU and
provides a promising solution for improving the efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapy.
Natural and Synthetic Micelles for the Delivery of Small Molecule Drugs, Imaging
Agents and Nucleic Acids
Authors: Akib Anwarul Azim , Shakil Ragib , Rumon Md. Mahamudul Hasan , Roy Chanchal Kumar , Chowdhury Ezharul Hoque , Chowdhury Al-Nakib 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
The poor solubility, lack of targetability, quick renal clearance, and degradability of many therapeutic
and imaging agents strongly limit their applications inside the human body. Amphiphilic copolymers having
self-assembling properties can form core-shell structures called micelles, a promising nanocarrier for hydrophobic
drugs, plasmid DNA, oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and imaging agents. Fabrication
of micelles loaded with different pharmaceutical agents provides numerous advantages, including therapeutic
efficacy, diagnostic sensitivity, and controlled release to the desired tissues. Moreover, their smaller particle
size (10-100 nm) and modified surfaces with different functional groups (such as ligands) help them to accumulate
easily in the target location, enhancing cellular uptake and reducing unwanted side effects. Furthermore, the
release of the encapsulated agents may also be triggered from stimuli-sensitive micelles under different physiological
conditions or by an external stimulus. In this review article, we discuss the recent advancements in formulating
and targeting of different natural and synthetic micelles, including block copolymer micelles, cationic
micelles, and dendrimers-, polysaccharide- and protein-based micelles for the delivery of different therapeutic
and diagnostic agents. Finally, their applications, outcomes, and future perspectives have been summarized.