bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peak troponin T in STEMI: a predictor of all-cause mortality and left ventricular function
Authors: Khullar Natasha , Buckley Anthony James , O’Connor Cormac , Ibrahim Abdalla , Ibrahim Alsamawal , Ahern Catriona , Cahill Ciara , Arnous Samer , Kiernan Thomas John 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe clinical significance of peak troponin levels following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not been definitively established. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between peak high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and all-cause mortality at 30 days and 1 year, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in STEMI.MethodsA single-centre retrospective observational study was conducted of all patients with STEMI between January 2015 and December 2017. Demographics and clinical data were obtained through electronic patient records. Standard Bayesian statistics were employed for analysis.ResultsDuring the study period, 568 patients presented with STEMI. The mean age was 63.6±12 years and 76.4% were men. Of these, 535 (94.2%) underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention, 12 (2.1%) underwent urgent coronary artery bypass and 21 (3.7%) were treated medically. Mean peak hs-cTnT levels were significantly higher in those who died within 30 days compared with those who survived (12 238 ng/L vs 4657 ng/L, respectively; p=0.004). Peak hs-cTnT levels were also significantly higher in those who died within 1 year compared with those who survived (10 319 ng/L vs 4622 ng/L, respectively; p=0.003). The left anterior descending artery was associated with the highest hs-cTnT and was the most common culprit in those who died at 1 year. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between peak hs-cTnT and LVEF (Pearson’s R=0.379; p<0.00001).ConclusionsIn STEMI, those who died at 30 days and 1 year had significantly higher peak troponin levels than those who survived. Peak troponin is also inversely proportional to LVEF with higher troponins associated with lower LVEF.
Discovery of insulin 100 years on
Authors: Russell-Jones David , Bawlchhim Zosanglura 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The discovery of insulin 100 years ago ranks among the greatest medical achievements ever. This sparked a revolution of scientific discovery and therapeutic intervention to treat people suffering with diabetes. A light was shone for other areas of medicine to illuminate what was possible with detailed scientific endeavour. There followed a range of firsts leading to the current time in which we now know more about this peptide hormone than almost any other protein in existence. This has allowed therapeutic advancement from a positon of knowledge leading to stunning innovation. This innovation is likely to lead to more physiological insulin replacement reducing the disease burden to individuals and society as whole.
COVID-19 infection among patients with autoinflammatory diseases: a study on 117 French patients compared with 1545 from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort: COVIMAI – the French cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patient with systemic autoinflammatory diseases
Authors: Bourguiba Rim , Kyheng Maeva , Koné-Paut Isabelle , Rouzaud Diane , Avouac Jerome , Devaux Mathilde , Abdallah Nassim Ait , Fautrel Bruno , Ferreira-Maldent Nicole , Langlois Vincent , Ledoult Emmanuel , Nielly Hubert , Queyrel Viviane , Sellam Jérémie , Tieulie Nathalie , Chazerain Pascal , Evon Philippe , Labreuche Julien , Savey Léa , Hentgen Veronique , Grateau Gilles , Georgin-lavialle Sophie 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThere is little known about SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with systemic autoinflammatory disease (SAID). This study aimed to describe epidemiological features associated with severe disease form and death. Mortality between patients with and without SAID hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2 infection was compared.MethodsA national multicentric prospective cohort study was conducted from the French Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMD) COVID-19 cohort. Patients with SAID were matched with patients with non-SAID on age±7 years, gender and number of comorbidities to consider important confounding factors. Impact of SAID on severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection was analysed using multinomial logistic regression for severity in three classes (mild, moderate and severe with mild status as reference). Fine-Gray regression model for length of hospital stay and binomial logistic regression model for risk of death at 30 days.ResultsWe identified 117 patients with SAID (sex ratio 0.84, 17 children) and compared them with 1545 patients with non-autoinflammatory immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (non-SAID). 67 patients had a monogenic SAID (64 with familial Mediterranean fever). Other SAIDs were Behçet’ disease (n=21), undifferentiated SAID (n=16), adult-onset Still disease (n=9) and systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=5). Ten adults developed severe form (8.6%). Six patients died. All children had a benign disease. After matching on age±7 years, sex and number of comorbidities, no significant difference between the two groups in length of stay and the severity of infection was noted.ConclusionAs identified in the whole French RMD COVID-19 cohort, patients with SAID on corticosteroids and with multiple comorbidities are prone to develop more severe COVID-19 forms.
Recent changes in the reporting of STIs in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ghaznavi Cyrus , Tanoue Yuta , Kawashima Takayuki , Eguchi Akifumi , Yoneoka Daisuke , Sakamoto Haruka , Ueda Peter , Ishikane Masahiro , Ando Naokatsu , Miyazato Yusuke , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has had variable effects on the rates of STIs reported across the globe. This study sought to assess how the number of STI reports changed during the pandemic in Japan.MethodsWe used national infectious disease surveillance data from the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Tokyo, Japan) for the period between January 2013 and December 2021. We compared reported rates of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, condyloma acuminata and genital herpes, as well as total notifications for HIV/AIDS and syphilis during the pandemic versus previous years in Japan. We used a quasi-Poisson regression to determine whether any given week or month between January 2018 and December 2021 had a significant excess or deficit of STIs. Notification values above or below the 95% upper and lower prediction thresholds were considered as statistically significant. The start of the pandemic was defined as January 2020.ResultsChlamydia generally remained within predicted range during the pandemic period. Reporting of gonorrhoea was significantly higher than expected throughout early-to-mid 2021 but otherwise generally remained within predicted range prior to 2021. Condyloma, herpes and HIV/AIDS reporting were transiently significantly lower than expected throughout the pandemic period, but no significant periods of higher-than-expected reporting were detected. Syphilis showed widespread evidence of significantly lower-than-predicted reporting throughout 2020 but eventually reversed, showing significantly higher-than-predicted reporting in mid-to-late 2021.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic was associated with variable changes in the reporting of STIs in Japan. Higher-than-predicted reporting was more likely to be observed in the later phases of the pandemic. These changes may have been attributable to pandemic-related changes in sexual behaviour and decreased STI clinic attendance and testing, but further research on the long-term impact of the pandemic on STIs is necessary.
Person-centred language and HIV research: a cross-sectional examination of stigmatising terminology in medical literature
Authors: McPherson Kristen A , Reddy Arjun K , Sajjadi Nicholas B , Deboy Kyle , Gajjar Swapnil , Lad Madhuri , Hartwell Micah 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveWe sought to quantify the use of person-centred language (PCL) in research journals that publish high volumes of HIV-related manuscripts.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, we searched PubMed for HIV-related articles published between 1 January 2017 and 7 March 2021. After journal reduction and article randomisation, title and abstract screening was conducted among 500 studies in a masked, duplicate fashion.MethodsStudies that were included were systematically searched for prespecified, stigmatising terms, partial terms and phrases. Prevalence rates of non-person-centred terminology were totalled, and the total number of articles adherent to PCL guidelines were reported. Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine associations between PCL adherence and article funding source, type of article, continent of origin and research, among others.ResultsAmong 237 studies included, 21.52% (51) of HIV-related publications in this cross-sectional analysis were found to be PCL adherent. Stigmatising labels such as ‘HIV- or AIDS-infected’ and ‘HIV- or AIDS-person or patient’ were used most frequently, with the former appearing in 57.38% of articles and the latter appearing in 30.80% of articles.ConclusionDespite numerous guidelines and requirements for the use of PCL in research, our findings suggest that an alarming number of HIV-related articles are not following these guidelines. This is concerning because this labelling likely contributes to the persistence of stigma in HIV-centred care. The intentional use of person-centred language in medical research has the potential to minimise the use of stigmatising language among medical professionals, in medical education, in medical records and patient encounters, and thus reduce stigma.
Establishing normal ranges for fetal and neonatal small and large intestinal lengths: results from a prospective postmortem study
Authors: Bardwell Cameron , El Demellawy Dina , Oltean Irina , Murphy Michelle , Agarwal Amisha , Hamid Jemila S , Reddy Deepti , Barrowman Nick , de Nanassy Joseph , Nasr Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo establish reference intervals (RIs) for fetal and neonatal small and large intestinal lengths.MethodsLinear measurements on small and large intestines were made upon postmortem examination of 131 preterm and term infants with gestational ages between 13 and 41 weeks. All cases were referred from the Eastern Ontario and Western Québec regions to a tertiary care hospital. Age and sex partitions were considered and RI limits were estimated.ResultsData consisted of 72 male (54.96%) and 59 female (45.04%) fetuses and neonates with mean gestational age of 25.6 weeks. Results showed that small and large intestinal lengths increased linearly with gestational age. RIs for small intestinal length (cm) of fetuses and neonates aged 13–20 weeks were (21.1, 122.4); of those aged 21–28 weeks were (57.7, 203.8); of those aged 29–36 weeks were (83.6, 337.1); and of those aged 37–41 weeks were (132.8, 406.4). RIs for large intestinal length (cm) of fetuses and neonates from the same four age groups were (5.1, 21.4), (12.7, 39.7), (32.4, 62.4), and (29.1, 82.2).ConclusionsEstablishing accurate RIs for premature and term infants has clinical relevance for pathologists performing postmortem analysis and for surgeons planning postoperative management of patients. The results of this study reaffirm that fetal small and large intestinal lengths increase linearly with gestational age irrespective of sex. Future studies should aim to further investigate the role of possible confounders on growth of fetal intestinal length, including maternal factors such as age and substance use during pregnancy.
$${\mathcal {N}}=(2,2)$$ extended $${\mathfrak {sl}}(3|2)$$ Chern–Simons $$AdS_3$$ supergravity with new boundaries
Authors: Özer H. T. , Filiz Aytül 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present the first example of $${\mathcal {N}}=(2,2)$$

N
=
(
2
,
2
)

formulation for the extended higher-spin $$AdS_3$$

A
d

S
3

supergravity with the most general boundary conditions as an extension of the $${\mathcal {N}}=(1,1)$$

N
=
(
1
,
1
)

work, discovered recently by us (Özer and Filiz in Eur Phys J C 80(11):1072, 2020). Using the method proposed by Grumiller and Riegler, we restrict a consistent class of the most general boundary conditions to extend it. An important consequence of our method is that, for the loosest set of boundary conditions it ensures that their asymptotic symmetry algebras consist of two copies of the $${\mathfrak {sl}}(3|2)_k$$

sl

(
3
|
2
)

k

. Moreover, we impose some restrictions on the gauge fields for the most general boundary conditions, leading to the supersymmetric extensions of the Brown and Henneaux boundary conditions. Based on these results, we finally find out that the asymptotic symmetry algebras are two copies of the super $${\mathcal {W}}_3$$

W
3

algebra for $${\mathcal {N}}=(2,2)$$

N
=
(
2
,
2
)

extended higher-spin supergravity theory in $$AdS_3$$

A
d

S
3

.
From Continental Shelf to Slope: Mapping the Oceanic Realm: Introduction
Authors: Asch Kristine , Kitazato Hiroshi , Vallius Henry 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This volume covers multidisciplinary Research and Development contributions on geology, geophysics, bathymetric and biologic aspects, towards data sampling and acquisition, data analysis and its results, and innovative ways of data access. It also presents the development of processes to map, harmonize and integrate marine data across EEZ boundaries, an impressive example of which is the European EMODnet (European Marine Observation and Data network) initiative. EMODnet assembles scattered and partially hidden marine data into continentally harmonized geospatial data products for public benefit and increasingly within overseas collaboration. The volume also aims to shed light on an evaluation of biological and mineral resources and environmental assessments at continental shelf to slope depths. Western Pacific examples provide excellent case studies for this topic.
Correlating Automated and Human Evaluation of Code Documentation Generation Quality
Authors: Hu Xing , Chen Qiuyuan , Wang Haoye , Xia Xin , Lo David , Zimmermann Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Automatic code documentation generation has been a crucial task in the field of software engineering. It not only relieves developers from writing code documentation but also helps them to understand programs better. Specifically, deep-learning-based techniques that leverage large-scale source code corpora have been widely used in code documentation generation. These works tend to use automatic metrics (such as BLEU, METEOR, ROUGE, CIDEr, and SPICE) to evaluate different models. These metrics compare generated documentation to reference texts by measuring the overlapping words. Unfortunately, there is no evidence demonstrating the correlation between these metrics and human judgment. We conduct experiments on two popular code documentation generation tasks, code comment generation and commit message generation, to investigate the presence or absence of correlations between these metrics and human judgments. For each task, we replicate three state-of-the-art approaches and the generated documentation is evaluated automatically in terms of BLEU, METEOR, ROUGE-L, CIDEr, and SPICE. We also ask 24 participants to rate the generated documentation considering three aspects (i.e., language, content, and effectiveness). Each participant is given Java methods or commit diffs along with the target documentation to be rated. The results show that the ranking of generated documentation from automatic metrics is different from that evaluated by human annotators. Thus, these automatic metrics are not reliable enough to replace human evaluation for code documentation generation tasks. In addition, METEOR shows the strongest correlation (with moderate Pearson correlation
r
about 0.7) to human evaluation metrics. However, it is still much lower than the correlation observed between different annotators (with a high Pearson correlation
r
about 0.8) and correlations that are reported in the literature for other tasks (e.g., Neural Machine Translation [
39
]). Our study points to the need to develop specialized automated evaluation metrics that can correlate more closely to human evaluation metrics for code generation tasks.
Co-opted Marginality in a Controlled Media Environment: The Influence of Social Media Affordances on the Immigration Discourse
Authors: Emes Claire Stravato , Chib Arul 
Published: May 2022

An emerging narrative on social media challenges the premise that the repertoire against immigrants is caused by xenophobia. We identify and propose the phenomenon of co-opted marginality or the claims of being victimized by dominant groups that are not conventionally at the margin. We examine how a controlled media environment in Singapore influences citizens (
n
= 36) who claim co-opted marginality when expressing anti-immigrant sentiments online. We further investigate the role of the social media techno-structure in encouraging interactions with this discourse. Contrary to prior literature, we find that social media affordances, such as curation and identification, can discourage citizens from actively engaging with prejudicial and discriminatory language while facilitating the emergence and maintenance of discursive strategies such as co-opted marginality, which conform to contextual normative constraints.
Proteome Analysis of Pancreatic Tumors Implicates Extracellular Matrix in Patient Outcome
Authors: Silwal-Pandit Laxmi , Stålberg Stina M. , Johansson Henrik J. , Mermelekas Georgios , Lothe Inger Marie B. , Skrede Martina L. , Dalsgaard Astrid Marie , Nebdal Daniel J. H. , Helland Åslaug , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Labori Knut Jørgen , Skålhegg Bjørn S. , Lehtiö Janne , Kure Elin H. 
Published: May 2022

Pancreatic cancer remains a disease with unmet clinical needs and inadequate diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. In-depth characterization of the disease proteome is limited. This study thus aims to define and describe protein networks underlying pancreatic cancer and identify protein centric subtypes with clinical relevance. Mass spectrometry–based proteomics was used to identify and quantify the proteome in tumor tissue, tumor-adjacent tissue, and patient-derived xenografts (PDX)-derived cell lines from patients with pancreatic cancer, and tissues from patients with chronic pancreatitis. We identified, quantified, and characterized 11,634 proteins from 72 pancreatic tissue samples. Network focused analysis of the proteomics data led to identification of a tumor epithelium–specific module and an extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated module that discriminated pancreatic tumor tissue from both tumor adjacent tissue and pancreatitis tissue. On the basis of the ECM module, we defined an ECM-high and an ECM-low subgroup, where the ECM-high subgroup was associated with poor prognosis (median survival months: 15.3 vs. 22.9 months; log-rank test, P = 0.02). The ECM-high tumors were characterized by elevated epithelial–mesenchymal transition and glycolytic activities, and low oxidative phosphorylation, E2F, and DNA repair pathway activities. This study offers novel insights into the protein network underlying pancreatic cancer opening up for proteome precision medicine development.Significance:Pancreatic cancer lacks reliable biomarkers for prognostication and treatment of patients. We analyzed the proteome of pancreatic tumors, nonmalignant tissues of the pancreas and PDX-derived cell lines, and identified proteins that discriminate between patients with good and poor survival. The proteomics data also unraveled potential novel drug targets.
Planning the Potential Future during Multi-item Visual Working Memory
Authors: Nasrawi Rose , van Ede Freek 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Working memory allows us to retain visual information to guide upcoming future behavior. In line with this future-oriented purpose of working memory, recent studies have shown that action planning occurs during encoding and retention of a single visual item, for which the upcoming action is certain. We asked whether and how this extends to multi-item visual working memory, when visual representations serve the potential future. Human participants performed a visual working-memory task with a memory-load manipulation (one/two/four items) and a delayed orientation-reproduction report (of one item). We measured EEG to track 15- to 25-Hz beta activity in electrodes contralateral to the required response hand—a canonical marker of action planning. We show an attenuation of beta activity, not only in Load 1 (with one certain future action) but also in Load 2 (with two potential future actions), compared with Load 4 (with low prospective-action certainty). Moreover, in Load 2, potential action planning occurs regardless whether both visual items afford similar or dissimilar manual responses, and it predicts the speed of ensuing memory-guided behavior. This shows that potential action planning occurs during multi-item visual working memory and brings the perspective that working memory helps us prepare for the potential future.
Activation in Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Underlies Stuttering Anticipation
Authors: Jackson Eric S. , Dravida Swethasri , Zhang Xian , Noah J. Adam , Gracco Vincent , Hirsch Joy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
People who stutter learn to anticipate many of their overt stuttering events. Despite the critical role of anticipation, particularly how responses to anticipation shape stuttering behaviors, the neural bases associated with anticipation are unknown. We used a novel approach to identify anticipated and unanticipated words, which were produced by 22 adult stutterers in a delayed-response task while hemodynamic activity was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty-two control participants were included such that each individualized set of anticipated and unanticipated words was produced by one stutterer and one control participant. We conducted an analysis on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-DLPFC) based on converging lines of evidence from the stuttering and cognitive control literatures. We also assessed connectivity between the R-DLPFC and right supramarginal gyrus (R-SMG), two key nodes of the frontoparietal network (FPN), to assess the role of cognitive control, and particularly error-likelihood monitoring, in stuttering anticipation. All analyses focused on the five-second anticipation phase preceding the go signal to produce speech. The results indicate that anticipated words are associated with elevated activation in the R-DLPFC, and that compared to non-stutterers, stutterers exhibit greater activity in the R-DLPFC, irrespective of anticipation. Further, anticipated words are associated with reduced connectivity between the R-DLPFC and R-SMG. These findings highlight the potential roles of the R-DLPFC and the greater FPN as a neural substrate of stuttering anticipation. The results also support previous accounts of error-likelihood monitoring and action-stopping in stuttering anticipation. Overall, this work offers numerous directions for future research with clinical implications for targeted neuromodulation.