bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Printers, Booksellers, and Bookbinders in Wittenberg in the Sixteenth Century: Real Estate, Vicinity, Political, and Cultural Activities
Authors: Hennen Insa Christiane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the sixteenth century, Wittenberg developed into one of the most important centers of printing in Germany. The works of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon became exceptional bestsellers. Sacrosbosco’s Sphaera appeared between 1531 and 1600 in more than forty editions. Economically successful printers such as Georg Rhau, Hans Lufft, and Johann Krafft, as well as the booksellers and publishers Moritz Goltz, Christoph Schramm, Conrad Ruehel, Bartholomäus Vogel, and Samuel Selfisch—all of whom were involved in the Wittenberg editions of the Sphaera—influenced local affairs as members of the town council and confidants of the prince electors. Analyzing tax lists, contracts, and historic town maps makes it possible to identify the houses they owned and to reconstruct their locations. Mapping the real estate of printers, booksellers, and bookbinders who lived in Wittenberg in the sixteenth century shows this group’s economic success quite plainly and points to professional and private relationships. Some of the houses still exist. They are three-dimensional documents of the taste and home decor of a new elite.
Connecting Austria Project Outline
Authors: Aigner Walter , Kuhn Andreas , Novak Thomas , Schildorfer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2017, the core team of the Connecting Austria project faced the challenge of leveraging previous research results on cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS) into the logistics domain—namely into the domain of truck platooning. Quite a lot of ideas and topics were evaluated, potential research partners explored, and funding opportunities for a cooperative research project were assessed. The window-of-opportunity opened in 2017 when the Federal Ministry on Transport, Innovation and Technology started a tender for a flagship research project on automated driving in different domains. This was the start of “Connecting Austria”. The following paragraphs outline the project in a nutshell, the project objectives, technology domains targeted and the planned test procedure, use cases and finally sketch the challenges and international uniqueness of the Connecting Austria project.
Fuel Efficiency Assessment
Authors: Carmona José , Hildenbrandt David , Hofbauer Florian , Neubauer Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe assessment of fuel efficiency represents a vital element when it comes to the deployment and business model development of truck platooning. In this chapter, the methodological approach implemented in the Connecting Austria project to assess fuel efficiency is presented. The approach covers the following assessment aspects: (1) the assessment of the road infrastructure in terms of the suitability of road segments for truck platooning, (2) the assessment of driving behaviour and strategies for truck platoon formation and dissolution and (3) the assessment of efficiency in terms fuel savings for certain routes.
Application of Fuel Efficiency and Traffic Efficiency Assessment
Authors: Thonhofer Elvira , Neubauer Matthias , Hofbauer Florian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the application of the fuel assessment methodology developed in the Connecting Austria project. Thereby, a route analysis for an Austrian fleet operator is performed including the assessment of feasible and economic viable routes and scenarios. Furthermore, potential fuel consumption and CO$$_{2}$$

2

emission savings are discussed within the given case. The saving potential may be increased via dynamic C-ITS-based truck platoon regulations, instead of statically defined, too restrictive regulations as indicated in the C-ITS assessment section. Finally, the chapter discusses the effect of truck platooning on increasing traffic efficiency.
Introduction
Authors: Bayen Alexandre , Monache Maria Laura Delle , Garavello Mauro , Goatin Paola , Piccoli Benedetto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis book focuses on control problems for conservation laws, i.e., equations of the type:$$\displaystyle \partial _t\, u + \partial _x\, f(u) = 0 \qquad u_t+(f(u))_x=0, $$∂tu+∂xf(u)=0ut+(f(u))x=0,where$$u:\mathbb {R}^+\times \mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R}^n$$u:ℝ+×ℝ→ℝnis the vector of conserved quantities and$$f:\mathbb {R}^n\to \mathbb {R}^n$$f:ℝn→ℝnis the flux. Most results will be given for the scalar case (n = 1), but we will present few results valid in the general case.
Boundary Control of Conservation Laws Exhibiting Shocks
Authors: Bayen Alexandre , Monache Maria Laura Delle , Garavello Mauro , Goatin Paola , Piccoli Benedetto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on control of systems of conservation laws with boundary data. Problems with one or two boundaries are considered and, in particular, we focus on cases where shocks may be developed by the solution. However, for completeness we briefly discuss in Sect. 2.2 other existing results where singularities are prevented via suitable feedback controls such as in [32].
Lagrangian Control of Conservation Laws and Mixed Models
Authors: Bayen Alexandre , Monache Maria Laura Delle , Garavello Mauro , Goatin Paola , Piccoli Benedetto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA vehicle with different (eventually controlled) dynamics from general traffic along a street may reduce the road capacity, thus generating a moving bottleneck, and can be used to act on the traffic flow. The interaction between the controlled vehicle and the surrounding traffic, and the consequent flow reduction at the bottleneck position, can be described either by a conservation law with space dependent flux function [200], or by a strongly coupled PDE-ODE system proposed in [112, 208].
Third-Generation Innovation Policy: System Transformation or Reinforcing Business as Usual?
Authors: Bergkvist John-Erik , Moodysson Jerker , Sandström Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere has been a shift in innovation policy in recent years toward more focus on systemic transformation and changed directionality. In this chapter, we describe a collection of challenges that such policies need to address. Based on a review of dominant frameworks regarding socio-technical transitions, we compare these theories with examples of innovation policy in different countries. Systemic transformation across an economy usually requires a process of creative destruction in which new competencies may be required, actors need to be connected in novel ways, and institutions may need to be changed. Our empirical illustrations show that support programs and initiatives across Europe do not always seem to result in such a process, as they include mechanisms favoring large, established firms and universities. These actors have often fine-tuned their activities and capabilities to the existing order, and therefore have few incentives to engage in renewal. As the incumbent actors also control superior financial and relational resources, there is a risk that they captivate innovation policies and thus reinforce established structures rather than contributing to systemic transformation.
The Failures of the Entrepreneurial State: Subsidies to Renewable Energies in Europe
Authors: Amenta Carlo , Stagnaro Carlo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince the 1990s, the European Union has committed to gaining global leadership in clean energies such as solar photovoltaic and wind power. The joint amount of wind and solar capacity grew from 12.5 GW (or 2% of total installed electricity capacity) in 2000 to 261.2 GW in 2018 (or 28.1% of total installed electricity capacity). This came at a cost: In 2018 alone, the European Union (excluding the United Kingdom) spent €73 billion to subsidize green energy production. These financial aids were paid for by European energy consumers, mainly through levies charged on top of their power bills. According to proponents, these subsidies were needed to achieve sustainability while promoting the emergence of the European renewable industry. This chapter focuses on the European venture into renewable energies to answer the following three questions: (1) Was the subsidization of green electricity sources an effective environmental policy? (2) Was it an effective industrial policy? (3) Was it an effective social policy? The answer is: no, no, no.
Innovation Without Entrepreneurship: The Pipe Dream of Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy
Authors: Larsson Johan P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I analyze state entrepreneurship, as exercised through mission-oriented innovation policy: the mobilization of large pools of resources and capabilities to solve the pressing issues of our time. The state entrepreneur is not subject to real risk, often faces no market, and cannot be properly evaluated. It pays no price for being wrong and it struggles in assigning responsibility. Missions are motivated by a false dichotomy: that there is a difference in principle between fixing and creating markets. This premise is splitting hairs at best. Instead, what sets missions apart, other than sheer ambition, is a shift from bottom-up to top-down approaches to knowledge creation. Missions are most likely to achieve intended ends when reasonable people agree on the problem, what needs to be done, and when responsibility can be assigned. Even then, opportunity costs are ignored. The entrepreneurial state is currently pushing to solve those issues where it is likely to do the least good and the most harm: where we lack the knowledge of what to do, where accountability is unassigned, and where the failure-success axis cannot be meaningfully assessed. Successful missionpolicyfurther requirespoliticswell beyond what democratic systems can achieve.
Building Local Innovation Support Systems: Theory and Practice
Authors: Hjalmarsson Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInterest in innovation as a way of meeting societal challenges is increasing. Interest in different types of public innovation support is therefore increasing as well. Umeå University has many years of experience in developing and operating a well-functioning innovation support system. A common theme is to offer project owners creative arenas as context for entrepreneurial judgments and assessments during the various steps of the innovation process. Improved program theories are needed to enable evaluations that provide feedback, learning, and accountability.
Reducing Higher Education Bureaucracy and Reclaiming the Entrepreneurial University
Authors: Terjesen Siri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter documents the worrying trend of increased levels of top-down policies that stifle universities’ innovativeness and autonomy. I highlight the bureaucratization of corporations and higher education institutions, and how this sclerosis results in a widespread sapping of individual initiative and innovation. The chapter next reviews regulation and bureaucratization in higher education with a special focus on commonalities and differences at two levels: university-wide and one sub-unit, the college of business. I describe successful case studies in anti-bureaucracy policies and practices across higher education at the individual, business unit, university, and other levels to highlight cross-level best practices in higher education, including calculating the present bureaucratic mass and administrative burdens of proposed changes, implementing technology solutions, leading change management efforts across all levels, and employing best practices in decision-making. I conclude with a discussion of research directions that will lead to theoretical, methodological, and phenomenological contributions.
Evaluating Evaluations of Innovation Policy: Exploring Reliability, Methods, and Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Collin Elias , Sandström Christian , Wennberg Karl 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExpansions of innovation policies have been paralleled with an increase in the evaluations of such policies. Yet, there are few systematic evaluations of how such evaluations are conducted, by whom, and their overall conclusions. We analyze 110 evaluations of innovation policy in Sweden from 2005 to 2019. Our findings show that the majority of these evaluations are positive, about one-third are neutral in their conclusions, and very few are negative. The majority of evaluations were conducted by consulting firms, close to one-third by expert government agencies, and around 10% by university researchers or as self-evaluations by the governmental agencies responsible for the policy themselves. Few evaluations employed causal methods to assess the potential effects of policies. We discuss conflicts of interest and question the reliability of evaluations of innovation policy.
Pacman geometries and the Hayward term in JT gravity
Authors: Arias Raúl , Botta-Cantcheff Marcelo , Martinez Pedro J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study the Hayward term describing corners in the boundary of the geometry in the context of the Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. These corners naturally arise in the computation of Hartle-Hawking wave functionals and reduced density matrices, and give origin to AdS spacetimes with conical defects.This set up constitutes a lab to manifestly realize many aspects of the construction recently proposed in [1]. In particular, it can be shown that the Hayward term is required to reproduce the flat spectrum of Rényi entropies in the Fursaev’s derivation, and furthermore, the action with an extra Nambu-Goto term associated to the Dong’s cosmic brane prescription appears naturally.On the other hand, the conical defect coming from Hayward term contribution are subtly different from the defects set as pointlike sources studied previously in the literature. We study and analyze these quantitative differences in the path integral and compare the results. Also study previous proposals on the superselection sectors, and by computing the density operator we obtain the Shannon entropy and some novel results on the symmetry group representations and edge modes. It also makes contact with the so-called defect operator found in [2].Lastly, we obtain the area operator as part of the gravitational modular Hamiltonian, in agreement with the Jafferis-Lewkowycz-Maldacena-Suh proposal.
Delayed deconfinement and the Hawking-Page transition
Authors: Copetti Christian , Grassi Alba , Komargodski Zohar , Tizzano Luigi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We revisit the confinement/deconfinement transition in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory and its relation to the Hawking-Page transition in gravity. Recently there has been substantial progress on counting the microstates of 1/16-BPS extremal black holes. However, there is presently a mismatch between the Hawking-Page transition and its avatar in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. This led to speculations about the existence of new gravitational saddles that would resolve the mismatch. Here we exhibit a phenomenon in complex matrix models which we call “delayed deconfinement.” It turns out that when the action is complex, due to destructive interference, tachyonic modes do not necessarily condense. We demonstrate this phenomenon in ordinary integrals, a simple unitary matrix model, and finally in the context of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. Delayed deconfinement implies a first-order transition, in contrast to the more familiar cases of higher-order transitions in unitary matrix models. We determine the deconfinement line and find remarkable agreement with the prediction of gravity. On the way, we derive some results about the Gross-Witten-Wadia model with complex couplings. Our techniques apply to a wide variety of (SUSY and non-SUSY) gauge theories though in this paper we only discuss the case of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM.
Photon-photon scattering from a UV-complete gravity QFT
Authors: Holdom Bob 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Quantum quadratic gravity (QQG) produces a tree-level differential cross section for γγγγ that is well-behaved at all energies. From this we can study how the corrections to low energy scattering amplitudes are related to the UV physics, in particular to the exchange of the massive graviparticles. An effective forward scattering amplitude is obtained by separating out the effects of the t-channel graviton pole. This is possible due to the UV-completeness, and even though the Froissart bound is not satisfied. We then consider photon-photon scattering to two graviparticles and a further imaginary contribution to the γγγγ forward scattering amplitude. Unitarity without positivity is a key property of QQG and it impacts all our results.
Kasner geometries inside holographic superconductors
Authors: Sword Lewis , Vegh David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe recent study of holographic superconductors has shown the emergence of a Kasner universe behind the event horizon. This paper serves to add to the discussion by introducing two modifications to the holographic superconductor model: an axion field term and an Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) coupling term. We first discuss the effect the modification parameters have on the condensate then explore the black hole interior dynamics. Features previously identified in the interior are found in the model presented, including the collapse of the Einstein-Rosen bridge, Josephson oscillations and Kasner inversions/transitions. However, we find that by increasing the EMS coupling parameter, the collapse does not occur near the axion-Reissner-Nordström horizon and the oscillations are no longer present; the geometry entering into a Kasner regime after a large-rcollapse instead.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ deformations and the width of fundamental particles
Authors: Cardy John , Doyon Benjamin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We provide a simple geometric meaning for deformations of so-called $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

type in relativistic and non-relativistic systems. Deformations by the cross products of energy and momentum currents in integrable quantum field theories are known to modify the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations by a “CDD factor”. In turn, CDD factors may be interpreted as additional, fixed shifts incurred in scattering processes: a finite width added to the fundamental particles (or, if negative, to the free space between them). We suggest that this physical effect is a universal way of understanding $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformations, both in classical and quantum systems. We first show this in non-relativistic systems, with particle conservation and translation invariance, using the deformation formed out of the densities and currents of particles and momentum. This holds at the level of the equations of motion, and for any interaction potential, integrable or not. We then argue, and show by similar techniques in free relativistic particle systems, that $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformations of relativistic systems produce the equivalent phenomenon, accounting for length contractions. We also show that, in both the relativistic and non-relativistic cases, the width of particles is equivalent to a state-dependent change of metric, where the distance function discounts the particles’ widths, or counts the additional free space. This generalises and explains the known field-dependent coordinate change describing $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformations. The results connect such deformations with generalised hydrodynamics, where the relations between scattering shifts, widths of particles and state-dependent changes of metric have been established.
Improved constraints on effective top quark interactions using edge convolution networks
Authors: Atkinson Oliver , Bhardwaj Akanksha , Brown Stephen , Englert Christoph , Miller David J. , Stylianou Panagiotis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We explore the potential of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to improve the performance of high-dimensional effective field theory parameter fits to collider data beyond traditional rectangular cut-based differential distribution analyses. In this study, we focus on a SMEFT analysis of pp → $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production, including top decays, where the linear effective field deformation is parametrised by thirteen independent Wilson coefficients. The application of GNNs allows us to condense the multidimensional phase space information available for the discrimination of BSM effects from the SM expectation by considering all available final state correlations directly. The number of contributing new physics couplings very quickly leads to statistical limitations when the GNN output is directly employed as an EFT discrimination tool. However, a selection based on minimising the SM contribution enhances the fit’s sensitivity when reflected as a (non-rectangular) selection on the inclusive data samples that are typically employed when looking for non-resonant deviations from the SM by means of differential distributions.
Free-lattice functors weakly preserve epi-pullbacks
Authors: Gumm H. Peter , Freese Ralph S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupposep(x, y, z) andq(x, y, z) are terms. If there is a common “ancestor” term$$s(z_{1},z_{2},z_{3},z_{4})$$s(z1,z2,z3,z4)specializing topandqthrough identifying some variables$$\begin{aligned} p(x,y,z)&\approx s(x,y,z,z)\\ q(x,y,z)&\approx s(x,x,y,z), \end{aligned}$$p(x,y,z)≈s(x,y,z,z)q(x,y,z)≈s(x,x,y,z),then the equation$$\begin{aligned} p(x,x,z)\approx q(x,z,z) \end{aligned}$$p(x,x,z)≈q(x,z,z)is a trivial consequence. In this note we show that for lattice terms, and more generally for terms of lattice-ordered algebras, a converse is true, too. Given termsp, q, and an equation where$$\{u_{1},\ldots ,u_{m}\}=\{v_{1},\ldots ,v_{n}\},$${u1,…,um}={v1,…,vn},there is always an “ancestor term”$$s(z_{1},\ldots ,z_{r})$$s(z1,…,zr)such that$$p(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{m})$$p(x1,…,xm)and$$q(y_{1},\ldots ,y_{n})$$q(y1,…,yn)arise as substitution instances ofs, whose unification results in the original equation ($$*$$∗). In category theoretic terms the above proposition, when restricted to lattices, has a much more concise formulation:Free-lattice functors weakly preserve pullbacksof epis. Finally, we show thatweakpreservation is all that we can hope for. We prove that for an arbitrary idempotent variety$${{\mathcal {V}}}$$Vthe free-algebra functor$$F_{{\mathcal {V}}}$$FVwill notpreservepullbacks of epis unless$${{\mathcal {V}}}$$Vis trivial (satisfying$$x\approx y$$x≈y) or$${{\mathcal {V}}}$$Vcontains the “variety of sets” (where all operations are implemented as projections).
On Multimatrix Models Motivated by Random Noncommutative Geometry II: A Yang-Mills-Higgs Matrix Model
Authors: Perez-Sanchez Carlos I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe continue the study of fuzzy geometries inside Connes’ spectral formalism and their relation to multimatrix models. In this companion paper to Pérez-Sánchez (Ann Henri Poincaré 22:3095–3148, 2021, arXiv:2007.10914), we propose a gauge theory setting based on noncommutative geometry, which—just as the traditional formulation in terms of almost-commutative manifolds—has the ability to also accommodate a Higgs field. However, in contrast to ‘almost-commutative manifolds’, the present framework, which we call gauge matrix spectral triples, employs only finite-dimensional algebras. In a path-integral quantization approach to the Spectral Action, this allows to state Yang–Mills–Higgs theory (on four-dimensional Euclidean fuzzy space) as an explicit random multimatrix model obtained here, whose matrix fields exactly mirror those of the Yang–Mills–Higgs theory on a smooth manifold.