bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPARKs: Succinct Parallelizable Arguments of Knowledge
Authors: Ephraim Naomi , Freitag Cody , Komargodski Ilan , Pass Rafael 
Published: August 2022

We introduce the notion of aSuccinct Parallelizable Argument of Knowledge(SPARK). This is an argument of knowledge with the following three efficiency properties for computing and proving a (non-deterministic, polynomial time) parallel RAM computation that can be computed in parallel timeTwith at mostpprocessors:—The prover’s (parallel) running time is\( T + \mathrm{poly}\hspace{-2.0pt}\log (T \cdot p) \). (In other words, the prover’s running time is essentiallyTfor large computation times!)—The prover uses at most\( p \cdot \mathrm{poly}\hspace{-2.0pt}\log (T \cdot p) \)processors.—The communication and verifier complexity are both\( \mathrm{poly}\hspace{-2.0pt}\log (T \cdot p) \).The combination of all three is desirable, as it gives a way to leverage a moderate increase in parallelism in favor of near-optimal running time. We emphasize that even a factor two overhead in the prover’s parallel running time is not allowed.Our main contribution is a generic construction of SPARKs from any succinct argument of knowledge where the prover’s parallel running time is\( T \cdot \mathrm{poly}\hspace{-2.0pt}\log (T \cdot p) \)when usingpprocessors, assuming collision-resistant hash functions. When suitably instantiating our construction, we achieve a four-round SPARK foranyparallel RAM computation assuming only collision resistance. Additionally assuming the existence of a succinctnon-interactiveargument of knowledge (SNARK), we construct a non-interactive SPARK that also preserves the space complexity of the underlying computation up to\( \mathrm{poly}\hspace{-2.0pt}\log (T\cdot p) \)factors.We also show the following applications of non-interactive SPARKs. First, they immediately imply delegation protocols with near optimal prover (parallel) running time. This, in turn, gives a way to construct verifiable delay functions (VDFs) from any sequential function. When the sequential function is also memory-hard, this yields the first construction of a memory-hard VDF.
Design intelligent maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic at Universitas Airlangga
Authors: Setiadi Herlambang , Firmansyah Firdaus Bima , Megantoro Prisma , Amrillah Tahta , Trilaksana Herri , Bangga Galih , Abdillah Muhammad , Krismanto Awan Uji 
Published: August 2022

Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) plant is one ot the independent electricity that us favorable in recent year. Rooftop PV plant can be used as the source of smart building as well as fast charging station. Although rooftop PV plant could provide clean and sustainable energy from solar, they also come with disadvantages in term of intermittent power output. This intermittent power output is due to the uncertainty of the source. To tackle this problem, maximum power point tracking method is essential. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method can be used to extract maximum power from the solar cell in all conditions. This paper proposes an intelligent method for designing DC-DC MPPT based on <span>fruit fly optimization</span> (FFO) on realistic rooftop PV plant. Practical rooftop PV plant in Universitas Airlangga is employed as the testing system. The proposed method's efficacy is evaluated using time domain simulation. According to the simulation results, the proposed method can significantly extract power from PV.
Human visualization system based intensive contrast improvement of the collected COVID-19 images
Authors: Kadhim Oleiwi Bashra , H. Abood Layla , Issa Al Tameemi Maad 
Published: August 2022

Enhancement <span>and color correction of images play an important role and can be considered as one of the fundamental and basic operations in image analysis for the purpose of spee<a name="_GoBack"></a>ding up the diagnosis of the medical images. Improving the quality and contrast of the medical image is the basic requirement for clinicians for obtaining an accurate and accurate medical diagnosis. Thus, getting a clear X-ray image reduces the effort and time-wasting. In this study a new idea will be applied for improving image contrast of the collected COVID-19 X-ray images, this idea is based on using Wiener filter, multilevel of histogram equalization (HE) technique with OpenCV library and then using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) techniques with OpenCV library. The proposed methodology programmed in MATLAB software and then implemented using Rasperry Pi 3 model B. The size and resolution of images are different as inputted images and this difference succeeded in proving the strength of the proposed idea. The collected X-ray images have undergone experiential evaluations which clearly showed the effective performance of the proposed methodology.</span>
Blood Pressure Intervention and Control in SPRINT
Authors: Cushman William C. , Ringer Robert J. , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Evans Gregory W. , Bates Jeffrey T. , Cutler Jeffrey A. , Hawfield Amret , Kitzman Dalane W. , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Oparil Suzanne , Nord John , Papademetriou Vasilios , Servilla Karen , Van Buren Peter , Whelton Paul K. , Whittle Jeff , Wright Jackson T. ,   for the SPRINT Research Group
Published: August 2022

Background:
The SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) demonstrated reductions in major cardiovascular disease events and mortality with an intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal intervention. However, a detailed description of the blood pressure intervention, antihypertensive medication usage, blood pressure levels, and rates and predictors of blood pressure control has not been reported previously.

Methods:
Hypertensive participants (n=9361) 50 years and older with elevated cardiovascular disease risk were randomized 1:1 to SBP goal <120 mm Hg or SBP goal <140 mm Hg. Guideline-recommended antihypertensive medications and dosing were provided at no cost. Intensive group participants were started on at least 2 medications, and medications were adjusted monthly until SBP goal was achieved, if feasible. Standard group participants were treated to achieve SBP 135 to 139 mm Hg.

Results:
Baseline blood pressure (median±interquartile range) was 138±19/78±16 mm Hg. For intensive group participants, percent at goal rose from 8.9% at baseline to 52.4% at 6 months and average antihypertensive medications rose from 2.2 to 2.7; SBP was <120 mm Hg in 61.6% and <130 mm Hg in 80.0% at their final visit. For the standard group participants, percent at goal rose from 53.0% at baseline to 68.6% at 6 months, while antihypertensive medications fell from 1.9 to 1.8. From 6 to 36 months, median SBP was stable at 119±14 mm Hg for intensive and 136±15 mm Hg for standard participants, with stable numbers of medications. Few predictors of SBP control were found in multiple regression models.

Conclusions:
These results may inform and help replicate the benefits of SPRINT in clinical practice.

Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
Antenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Impairs Vascular Contractile Functions via Upregulating IP3 Receptor 1 and Cav1.2 in Adult Male Offspring
Authors: Xu Ting , Ji Bingyu , Li Lingjun , Lei Jiahui , Zhao Meng , Sun Miao , Xu Zhice , Gao Qinqin 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Administration of antenatal glucocorticoids remains common practice for treating preterm delivery. Antenatal glucocorticoid exposure increased the risk of developing vascular diseases in later life, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of antenatal exposure to clinically relevant doses of dexamethasone (synthetic glucocorticoids) on vascular functions in adult male offspring.

Methods:
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received dexamethasone or vehicle during the last week of pregnancy. Male offspring were killed at gestational day 21 (Fetus) or postnatal day 120 (adult offspring). Mesenteric arteries were collected for vascular function, electrophysiology, target gene expression, and promotor methylation studies.

Results:

Antenatal dexamethasone exposure increased phenylephrine-mediated vascular contractility in offspring, which was resulted by the activated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor and L-type Ca
2+
channels. Specifically, increases of IP3R1 (IP3 receptor 1) and Cav1.2 (L-type Ca
2+
channels subunit alpha1 C) were responsible for an activated IP3-Ca
2+
pathway in the vasculature, and eventually predisposed the antenatal dexamethasone offspring to vascular hypercontractility. In addition, IP3R1 and Cav1.2 was upregulated through transcriptional mechanism; the overall changes in promotor histone modifications were consistent with the corresponding changes in transcriptional levels of the 2 genes, suggesting that antenatal dexamethasone exposure activated the transcription of IP3R1 and Cav1.2 via altering promotor histone modifications.

Conclusions:
Taken together, this study demonstrated that antenatal dexamethasone exposure resulted in vascular adverse outcomes in male offspring that is linked to the increases of IP3R1 and Cav1.2 mediated by epigenetic modifications in the vasculature.
Seasonal Variation in Day-by-Day Home Blood Pressure Variability and Effect on Cardiovascular Disease Incidence
Authors: Narita Keisuke , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Although day-by-day home blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, it remains unclear whether this association differs from season to season. The present study aimed to assess seasonal variation in day-by-day home BP variability and its association with CVD risk.

Methods:

We analyzed the data from a nationwide, prospective observational study, the J-HOP study (Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure), in which 14 consecutive days of home BP monitoring were conducted. The values of SD (SD
systolic BP [SBP]
), coefficient of variation
SBP
, and average real variability
SBP
of home SBP were used as indices of day-by-day home BPV.

Results:

Among 4231 participants (mean age, 64.9±10.9 years, 46.7% male, 91.5% hypertensives), all 3 day-by-day home BPV indices were lower in summer than winter after adjusting for confounding factors. In winter, SD
SBP
, coefficient of variation
SBP
, and average real variability
SBP
were significantly associated with increased risk of CVD events (coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and aortic dissection; adjusted hazard ratio [95%CI] per 1-SD of SD
SBP
, 1.26 [1.02–1.54]; coefficient of variation
SBP
, 1.24 [1.02–1.52]; average real variability
SBP
, 1.44 [1.17–1.77]). These relationships were also observed in the analysis of quartiles of BPV parameters (adjusted hazard ratio [95%CI] compared to the first quartile, fourth quartile of SD
SBP
2.26 [1.06–4.85]; coefficient of variation
SBP
2.96 [1.43–6.15]; average real variability
SBP
2.73 [1.25–5.93]). In other seasons, however, there were no significant associations between day-by-day home BPV and CVD event risk.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that day-by-day home BPV measured in winter is more strongly associated with future CVD incidence than that measured in other seasons.
Temporal Changes, Patient Characteristics, and Mortality, According to Microbiological Cause of Infective Endocarditis: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Østergaard Lauge , Voldstedlund Marianne , Bruun Niels Eske , Bundgaard Henning , Iversen Kasper , Køber Nana , Christensen Jens Jørgen , Rosenvinge Flemming Schønning , Jarløv Jens Otto , Moser Claus , Andersen Christian Østergaard , Coia John , Marmolin Ea Sofie , Søgaard Kirstine K. , Lemming Lars , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup 
Published: August 2022

Background
Monitoring of microbiological cause of infective endocarditis (IE) remains key in the understanding of IE; however, data from large, unselected cohorts are sparse. We aimed to examine temporal changes, patient characteristics, and in‐hospital and long‐term mortality, according to microbiological cause in patients with IE from 2010 to 2017.

Methods and Results

Linking Danish nationwide registries, we identified all patients with first‐time IE. In‐hospital and long‐term mortality rates were assessed according to microbiological cause and compared using multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazard analysis, respectively. A total of 4123 patients were included.
Staphylococcus aureus
was the most frequent cause (28.1%), followed by
Streptococcus
species (26.0%),
Enterococcus
species (15.5%), coagulase‐negative staphylococci (6.2%), and “other microbiological causes” (5.3%). Blood culture–negative IE was registered in 18.9%. The proportion of blood culture–negative IE declined during the study period, whereas no significant changes were seen for any microbiological cause. Patients with
Enterococcus
species were older and more often had a prosthetic heart valve compared with other causes. For
Streptococcus
species IE, in‐hospital and long‐term mortality (median follow‐up, 2.3 years) were 11.1% and 58.5%, respectively. Compared with
Streptococcus
species IE, the following causes were associated with a higher in‐hospital mortality:
S aureus
IE (odds ratio [OR], 3.48 [95% CI, 2.74–4.42]),
Enterococcus
species IE (OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.11–1.97]), coagulase‐negative staphylococci IE (OR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.21–2.65]), “other microbiological cause” (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 0.95–2.27]), and blood culture–negative IE (OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.52–2.61]); and the following causes were associated with higher mortality following discharge (median follow‐up, 2.9 years):
S aureus
IE (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39 [95% CI, 1.19–1.62]),
Enterococcus
species IE (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.11–1.54]), coagulase‐negative staphylococci IE (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.85–1.36]), “other microbiological cause” (HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.13–1.85]), and blood culture–negative IE (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.89–1.25]).

Conclusions

This nationwide study showed that
S aureus
was the most frequent microbiological cause of IE, followed by
Streptococcus
species and
Enterococcus
species. Patients with
S aureus
IE had the highest in‐hospital mortality
.
Augustine’s Spirituality
Authors: van Oort Johannes 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This essay reviews the two types of spirituality present in Augustine’s Confessions: on the one hand his former Manichaean-Christian belief and its practices, on the other hand his newly won Catholic-Christian mindset. More than ever thought, throughout the Confessions both forms of spirituality appear to be engaged in a breath-taking dialogue. Many examples of this unexpected discourse are given in the course of this exposition covering the entire Confessions. Its author argues that the most famous work of the African born Augustine should be read anew from its original perspective.
Buddhist Ethics: A Pragmatist Account
Authors: Oda Takaharu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article will consider how and why a pragmatist way of thinking is inferred in the Buddhist ethical discourse of curing the sick. This medical analogy, where the Buddha as a medical doctor acts upon the sick, contains a profound implication that the sick need not understand the reason for their sickness, insofar as they are cured or enlightened. What is taken to be pragmatism is critically clarified in this Buddhist context. There being a dissimilarity in terms of the respective ends (ultimate nirvāṇa vs. end as a means to further ends), the two types of moral discourse—Buddhist ethics and American pragmatism—have a common ground. That is, the human is receptive to the utility of a moral end, in which truth works regardless of one’s understanding of its absolute, abstruse reason.
Five Imāmī Credal Texts Written during the Transition from the Bahshamiyya to the School of Abū l-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī: Editio Princeps and Introduction
Authors: Ansari Hassan , Mousavi Razieh S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper provides critical editions of five unstudied Imāmī credal texts written between the late fifth/eleventh and early seventh/thirteenth centuries. The paper begins with an account of the importance of this period, as it witnessed the beginning of a pivotal turn in Imāmī thought from Bahshamite viewpoints to those of Abū l-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī. The historical trajectory of this doctrinal shift has been well explored, but it has rarely been portrayed through textual evidence from credal texts. The paper also discusses the authorship and production dates of these five treatises.
Introduction: Language and Society in Taiwan
Authors: Klöter Henning , Wasserfall Julia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This topical section brings together five essays that cover different aspects in the intersection of language and society in contemporary Taiwan. Briefly outlining the contents of each essay, this introduction focuses on the question how the essays complement each other in terms of level of analysis, empirical basis, and interdisciplinary approach. It shows how research on language planning on the national level and its underlying ideology ties in with analyses of the language choice behaviour of individual speakers at the receiving end of language planning. Claims derived from individual case studies in turn require quantitative data to allow for generalisability. Finally, interdisciplinary research in the intersection of language and media studies helps us to understand how language standards and dominant language ideologies are disseminated, reproduced, and challenged.
Language Politics and Recognition under Tsai Ing-wen
Authors: Dupré Jean-François 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper surveys developments in language politics and policy in Taiwan under Tsai Ing-wen’s presidency (2016–present). Drawing on historical-institutionalist premises, it shows that recent language policy developments were path-dependent and built upon initiatives proposed under Chen Shui-bian’s presidency (2000–2008). The paper argues that the comparative success of Tsai’s initiatives owed not only to her party forming a legislative majority, but also to a broad sociopolitical consensus on transitional and historical justice, and to an incrementalist strategy that consisted in legislating on minority languages before laying out a comprehensive multilingual legal framework. Although recent language developments do fall within the purview of identity politics, these factors have enabled the Tsai administration to justify and legitimise measures towards language recognition and revitalisation as intrinsic to Taiwan’s democratic consolidation, rather than as tools for identity building.
From Mandarin Monopoly to Sinitic Polypoly: The Story of Dubbing (Peiyin) in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Spencer C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper takes a historical anthropological approach to charting the intricate relationships between the industry of peiyin (dubbing, voice-over), the state institutions, and the public in shaping Taiwan’s sociolinguistic soundscape since 1945. Grounded in multi-year ethnographic research with the peiyin industry and archival sources, this paper discerns three stages—industrialisation, popularisation, and diversification—through which the industry not only facilitated the state in establishing the Mandarin monopoly, but also contributed to the disestablishment of that very monopoly by introducing Sinitic polypoly to the public over time. In so doing, this article contributes to the anthropological and sociolinguistic literature on Mandarin in Taiwan with a dynamic account of peiyin both as a sociolinguistic practice and a social force.
Language Visibility and Invisible Languages: The Street Name Signs of Taipei City
Authors: Klöter Henning 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article examines the street name signs of Taipei City in their ideological, linguistic, and semiotic dimensions. These different levels of analysis correlate with different processes of sign development. Combining critical toponymy and linguistic landscape research, it is claimed that in ideological and linguistic terms the post-war period has been one of the fundamental changes that has been arguably unparalleled elsewhere. By contrast, the ideological about-turn after the 1980s has had relatively little influence on the contents of street name signs. Alluding to Western-style modernity, semiotic features like the colour of the signs and the direction of writing are later innovations. It is also argued that in the broader context of their multilingual environment, there is an enormous discrepancy between visible normativity and audible multilingualism.
Soviet Avant-Gardes and Socialist Realism
Authors: Garth Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article examines the history of photography in the Soviet Union through the work of three women photographers from different generations and republics: Olga Ignatovich (1905–1984), Valentina Kulagina (1902–1987), and Zenta Dzividzinska (1944–2011). It traces how these photographers, whose work in Russia and Latvia spanned from the 1920s through the 1970s, reconciled their oeuvres with the complex—and often competing—legacies of art and photography movements under socialism. Their choices of subject matter, form, and means of distribution present a case study of how women photographers shaped the creation of the Soviet photographic aesthetic through a combination of post-revolutionary avant-garde practices and elements of Socialist Realism.
Dionysian Fury and Vibrating Voice
Authors: Syrén Essi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article concerns Hugo Ball’s artistic practice in performing arts, extending from his prewar years in Expressionist theater to his performances at the Cabaret Voltaire in 1916–1917. In it, I examine how discourses on the crisis of modernity emerge in Ball’s theatrical practice, focusing on the performer’s physical presence in Ball’s performances and theoretical writings. To scrutinize these themes in a wider context of political and cultural discourses on modernity, I discuss the notions conceptualized by Ball and other avant-gardists concerning time and history, illustrating Ball’s view on modernity and German society while providing insight into his performative practice.
Cultural idioms of distress among displaced populations: A scoping review
Authors: Cohen Flora 
Published: August 2022

Background: Armed conflicts and natural disasters can cause significant psychological and social challenges for affected populations. Displaced populations are extremely heterogeneous in terms of culture, language, and experiences of crises. Current diagnostic criteria is insufficient when evaluating the symptoms and treatment of mental health issues across contexts. Aim: This scoping review presents information about cultural idioms of distress across displaced populations. The review includes aspects of etiology, symptomology, and proposed intervention methods. Methods: I conducted a Boolean search of academic and grey literature for studies that described cultural idioms of distress among displaced populations. Results were analyzed using thematic analysis and grounded theory. Results: A shared sense of injustice, spirit possession, and karma are common etiologies for mental distress among displaced populations. Symptoms include somatic complaints, ‘thinking a lot’, and interpersonal challenges such as social isolation and a fear of others. Potential interventions are likely on a community-level, including the generation of community mechanisms for conflict-resolution, reconciliation, and culturally grounded healing rituals. Conclusions: It is vital to understand the ways displaced communities conceptualize their mental health in order to develop appropriate culturally grounded interventions. Understanding the etiology, symptoms, and proposed interventions can inform and improve humanitarian aid delivery of mental health and psychosocial support services.