bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of muscle mass and muscle quality estimated by phase angle on functional outcomes in older patients undergoing rehabilitation: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ohtsubo Takuro , Nozoe Masafumi , Kanai Masashi , Ueno Katsuhiro , Nakayama Mai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth skeletal muscle mass and muscle quality are important predictors of poor prognosis in older patients. However, the effects of muscle mass and muscle quality estimated by the phase angle (PhA) on functional outcomes in older patients undergoing rehabilitation have yet to be reported. This study aimed to investigate whether appendicular skeletal muscle index (SMI) and muscle quality estimated by PhA were independently associated with activities of daily living (ADL) and physical function in older patients undergoing rehabilitation.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included older patients in a subacute rehabilitation hospital (n = 443). Baseline SMI and PhA were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and low SMI or low PhA were determined using each cutoff value. The primary outcomes were ADL abilities measured using the functional independence measure for motor function (FIM‐M) score and physical function measured using the short physical performance battery (SPPB) score at hospital discharge. Association between low SMI and low PhA and FIM‐M or SPPB scores at discharge were determined using multiple regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors.ResultsThere were significant differences between the normal‐ and low‐PhA groups in the FIM‐M and SPPB scores at discharge (P < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, low PhA was independently associated with FIM‐M (β = −0.109, P = 0.013) and SPPB scores (β = 0.535, P < 0.001) at discharge; however, low SMI was not independently associated with these functional outcomes.ConclusionDecreased muscle quality estimated by the PhA was independently associated with poor ADL abilities and poor physical function in older patients undergoing rehabilitation.
Characteristics of adult intestinal failure centers: An international multicenter survey
Authors: Lakananurak Narisorn , Moccia Lisa , Wall Elizabeth , Herlitz Jean , Catron Hilary , Lozano Edward , Delgado Adela , Vanuytsel Tim , Mercer David , Pevny Sophie , Berner‐Hansen Mark , Gramlich Leah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend that patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) should be managed by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). However, the characteristics of real‐world IF centers and the patients they care for are lacking. The study aims to describe IF center characteristics as well as characteristics of patients with CIF across different global regions.MethodsThis is an international multicenter study of adult IF centers using a survey. The questionnaire survey included questions regarding program and patient characteristics. Thirty‐three investigational centers were invited to participate. Each center was asked to answer the survey questions as one MDT.ResultsThe survey center response rate was 91%. The median number of patients with CIF per center was 128 (range, 30–380). The most common disciplines reported were gastroenterologist (93%), dietitian (90%), nurse (83%), and advanced practitioner (nurse practitioner and physician assistant, 77%). There were centers that did not have a pharmacist, surgeon, psychologist, and social worker (30%, 37%, 60%, and 70%, respectively). The median full‐time equivalents (FTEs) per 100 patients were 1.1 for nurses, 1 for dietitians, 1 for advanced practitioners, and 0.9 for gastroenterologists. Short bowel syndrome was the most common cause of CIF (50%) followed by intestinal dysmotility (20%).ConclusionThe majority of centers were managing around 100 patients with CIF. Despite the widespread use of the MDT, there are some variances in team characteristics. Gastroenterologists were the most common physicians supporting MDTs. In IF centers, one FTE of each core discipline was supported to manage 100 patients with CIF.
Managing nutrition support product shortages: What have we learned?
Authors: Mulherin Diana W. , Kumpf Vanessa , Shingleton Kerri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProduct shortages related to the components of parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy have been well described over the past decade. The situation has more recently worsened and expanded globally because of the impact the COVID‐19 pandemic has placed on supply chain issues and workforce demand. The impact of enteral nutrition (EN) product shortages is less well documented when compared with PN, and development of management strategies is often left up to the discretion of individual providers. The recent crisis in infant formula supply has heightened the national awareness of how a nutrition support product shortage can significantly impact patient safety. This review provides a historical perspective of PN and EN product shortages to gain insight into the lessons learned and applies this to strategies for managing current and future product shortages. Strategies for managing PN and EN shortages can best succeed if they are tailored to address aspects that are unique to the inpatient and outpatient care setting. In addition, patients who transition between care settings are vulnerable to harm related to product shortages if measures are not in place to communicate and address these shortages. Teamwork and communication within an organization and among key stakeholders are necessary to develop processes that aim to minimize patient harm related to product shortages.
Long‐term follow‐up for pediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction patients in China
Authors: Tang Powei , Lu Lina , Yan Weihui , Tao Yijng , Feng Haixia , Cai Wei , Wang Ying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (PIPO) is a heterogeneous and severe group of disorders with a high mortality rate. Patients with PIPO often develop malnutrition and need long‐term nutrition support. This study aimed to determine the nutrition status, particularly micronutrients, during the long‐term follow‐up of patients with PIPO.MethodsFifty‐eight patients with PIPO were followed up for at least 6 months between January 2008 and December 2020 in our hospital. PIPO was diagnosed based on the European society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition consensus. Data on clinical characteristics, medical and surgical management, nutrition support, serum vitamins, and mineral concentrations were collected. The patients were divided into the early‐onset PIPO (EO‐PIPO; neonatal‐onset) and late‐onset PIPO (LO‐PIPO; infant‐ or child‐onset) groups.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 29.5 months (6–153 months). The overall survival rate was 63.8% (37 out of 58 participants) (EO‐PIPO, 48.6% [17 out of 35 participants]; LO‐PIPO, 87.0% [20 out of 23 participants]). Mortality in the EO‐PIPO group was higher than in the LO‐PIPO group (P = 0.002). Twenty‐one patients died, of which 18 (85.7%) patients had EO‐PIPO and 14 (66.7%) patients died under 1 year of age. Infection was the major cause of death. Severe malnutrition was observed at baseline and during follow‐up in 25 (43.1%) and 6 (16.2%) patients, respectively. At baseline and during follow‐up, the zinc deficiency rates were 29.6% and 26.3%, and those of vitamin D were 26.9% and 52.6%, respectively.ConclusionsZinc and vitamin D deficiencies are common in patients with PIPO during follow‐up. Therefore, additional supplements should be recommended.
Experiences of living with symptomatic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Holmlund Lena , Hellström Ängerud Karin , Hörnsten Åsa , Valham Fredrik , Olsson Karin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of living with symptomatic atrial fibrillation.DesignThis study, with a descriptive qualitative design, was performed using semi‐structured individual interviews.MethodSix women and nine men with symptomatic atrial fibrillation were included. The transcribed interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The COREQ checklist was followed.ResultsThe analysis resulted in a main theme, namely balancing life and included the themes striving for illness control, becoming a receiver or an active partner in care and dealing with changed self‐image. The participants strived to understand their illness, prevent attacks and manage anxiety. Some of the participants were not involved in decision‐making, were uninformed about self‐care measures, reported a lack of continuity in care and felt that the doctors focused on information about the medical part of care.
Off‐label low dose amitriptyline for insomnia disorder: Patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Bakker Mette H. , Hugtenburg Jacqueline G. , Smits Marcel G. , van der Horst Henriëtte E. , Slottje Pauline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeLow dose amitriptyline is prescribed off‐label to improve sleep maintenance in patients with insomnia disorder. Data on treatment outcomes are limited. We aimed to assess patient‐reported treatment effect and side effects of low dose amitriptyline for insomnia in routine care data.MethodsCross‐sectional study: Seven hundred fifty‐two consecutive patients with insomnia disorder having sleep maintenance problems were treated in an outpatient sleep clinic with low dose amitriptyline (10–20 mg based on self‐titration). Treatment was intended to improve sleep maintenance. Before the planned follow‐up consultation (approximately 6 weeks after start treatment) patients completed an online treatment evaluation questionnaire. Treatment (dose, adherence), sleep, fatigue, satisfaction and side effects were assessed by multiple‐choice questions with room for free‐text elaboration.Results53.7% of the patients reported to use amitriptyline up to 10 mg/day, 42.9% used a self‐increased dose of mostly 20 mg/day, while 3.5% had discontinued treatment. 73.9% of the total study population reported improvement of sleep maintenance, 31.3% improved sleep onset, 35.2% improved daytime fatigue, and 45.8% reported to be (very) satisfied with treatment results. 66.1% reported at least one side effect. The reported side effects were generally the already known side effects of amitriptyline.ConclusionThese patient‐reported outcomes support the clinical observations that low dose amitriptyline improves sleep maintenance on the short term and that it is generally well tolerated. This further justifies randomized controlled trials in patients with insomnia disorder and sleep maintenance problems to assess the effectiveness and safety of low dose amitriptyline on the short and long term.
GeoPacker: A novel deep learning framework for protein side‐chain modeling
Authors: Liu Jiale , Zhang Changsheng , Lai Luhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtomic interactions play essential roles in protein folding, structure stabilization, and function performance. Recent advances in deep learning‐based methods have achieved impressive success not only in protein structure prediction, but also in protein sequence design. However, highly efficient and accurate protein side‐chain prediction methods that can give detailed atomic interactions are still lacking. In the present study, we developed a deep learning based method, GeoPacker, that uses geometric deep learning coupled ResNet for protein side‐chain modeling. GeoPacker explicitly represents atomic interactions with rotational and translational invariance for information extraction of relative locations. GeoPacker outperformed the state‐of‐the‐art energy function‐based methods in side‐chain structure prediction accuracy and runs about 10 and 700 times faster than the deep learning‐based method DLPacker and OPUS‐rota4 with comparable prediction accuracy, respectively. The performance of GeoPacker does not depend on the secondary structures that the residues belong to. GeoPacker gives highly accurate predictions for buried residues in the protein core as well as protein–protein interface, making it a useful tool for protein structure modeling, protein, and interaction design.
Signal peptide stabilizes folding and inhibits misfolding of serum amyloid A
Authors: Wu Jin‐Lin , Chen Yun‐Ru 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSignal peptide (SP) plays an important role in membrane targeting for insertion of secretory and membrane proteins during translocation processes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Beside the targeting functions, SP has also been found to affect the stability and folding of several proteins. Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are apolipoproteins responding to acute‐phase inflammation. The fibrillization of SAA results in a protein misfolding disease named amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis. The main disease‐associated isoform of human SAA, SAA1.1, is expressed as a precursor protein with an N‐terminal signal peptide composed of 18 residues. The cleavage of the SP generates mature SAA1.1. To investigate whether the SP affects properties of SAA1.1, we systematically examined the structure, protein stability, and fibrillization propensity of pre‐SAA1.1, which possesses the SP, and Ser‐SAA1.1 without the SP but containing with an additional N‐terminal serine residue. We found that the presence of the SP did not significantly affect the predominant helical structure but changed the tertiary conformation as evidenced by intrinsic fluorescence and exposed hydrophobic surfaces. Pre‐SAA1.1 and Ser‐SAA1.1 formed distinct oligomeric assemblies in which pre‐SAA1.1 populated as tetramer and octamer, whereas Ser‐SAA1.1 existed as a predominant hexamer. Pre‐SAA1.1 was found significantly more stable than Ser‐SAA1.1 upon thermal and chemical unfolding. Ser‐SAA1.1, but not pre‐SAA1.1, is capable of forming amyloid fibrils in protein misfolding study, indicating a protective role of the SP. Altogether, our results demonstrated a novel role of the SP in SAA folding and misfolding and provided a novel direction for therapeutic development of AA amyloidosis.
Large‐scale identification of rodenticide resistance in Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus in the Netherlands based on Vkorc1 codon 139 mutations
Authors: Krijger Inge M. , Strating Max , van Gent‐Pelzer Marga , van der Lee Theo A.J. , Burt Sara A. , Schroeten Fleur H. , de Vries Robin , de Cock Marieke , Maas Miriam , Meerburg Bastiaan G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance to rodenticides has been reported globally and poses a considerable problem for efficacy in pest control. The most‐documented resistance to rodenticides in commensal rodents is associated with mutations in the Vkorc1 gene, in particular in codon 139. Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides has been reported in the Netherlands since 1989. A study from 2013 showed that 25% of 169 Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) had a mutation at codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene. To gain insight in the current status of rodenticide resistance amongst R. norvegicus and house mice Mus musculus in the Netherlands, we tested these rodents for mutations in codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene. In addition, we collected data from pest controllers on their use of rodenticides and experience with rodenticide resistance.RESULTSA total of 1801 rodent samples were collected throughout the country consisting of 1404 R. norvegicus and 397 M. musculus. In total, 15% of R. norvegicus [95% confidence interval (CI): 13–17%] and 38% of M. musculus (95% CI: 33–43%) carried a genetic mutation at codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates genetic mutations at codon 139 of the Vkorc1 gene in M. musculus in the Netherlands. Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides is present in R. norvegicus and M. musculus in multiple regions in the Netherlands. The results of this comprehensive study provide a baseline and facilitate trend analyses of Vkorc1 codon 139 mutations and evaluation of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies as these are enrolled in the Netherlands. © 2022 The Dutch Pest and Wildlife. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Differential response to the South American rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damage of rice cultivars with contrasting levels of resistance: implications for field management
Authors: Pazini Juliano de B , Grützmacher Anderson D , Seidel Enio J , Vieira Afrânio M C , Padilha Aline C , de Brito Giovani G , Bernardi Daniel , Barrigossi José A F , Martins José F da S 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOryzophagus oryzae (Costa Lima) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major pest of flooded rice paddies throughout South America, and species with very similar life histories are present in many rice‐producing regions of the world (collectively rice water weevils, RWWs). The damage caused by RWW larvae on rice cultivars with contrasting levels of resistance (‘BRS Pampa CL’= ‘Pamp’: susceptible, ‘BRS Atalanta’ = ‘Atal’: resistant‐antibiosis) was evaluated in two consecutive years in the field under seven infestation levels: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 20 adult couples per cage with plants.RESULTSHigher densities of adults increased the number of leaf‐feeding scars and larvae on roots, respectively, at the rate ≤2.14 and 2.75 in Pamp and 2.23 and 2.48 in Atal, with the total number of larvae generated being lower in Atal. Grain yield was negatively impacted with increasing larval density on the roots, mainly by decreasing root volume and the number of grains per panicle. Root injury intensity and yield loss showed a nonlinear relationship. It was found that significant yield losses occurred with 8.37 larvae per plant in Pamp and 9.80 larvae per plant in AtalCONCLUSIONThe results provided the first evidence of a tolerance limit for RWW larval damage that, even though similar between cultivars of contrasting resistance, corresponds to twice the current conventional level for larval control in Brazil. We also discuss here the potential of applying tolerance limits to manage the RWW adult population in rice fields. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fabrication of a dual pH‐responsive and photothermal microcapsule pesticide delivery system for controlled release of pesticides
Authors: Li Linhuai , Cen Jun , Huang Lingling , Luo Ling , Jiang Guangqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of stimulus‐responsive and photothermally controlled‐release microcapsule pesticide delivery systems is a promising solution to enhance the effective utilization and minimize the excessive use of pesticides in agriculture.RESULTSIn this study, an AVM@CS@TA‐Fe microcapsule pesticide delivery system was developed using avermectin as the model drug, chitosan and tannic acid as the wall materials, and tannic acid–Fe complex layer as the photothermal agent. The optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscope were used to characterize the prepared microcapsule. The slow‐release, UV‐shielding, photothermal performance, and nematicidal activity of the microcapsule were systematically investigated. The results showed that the system exhibited excellent pH‐responsive and photothermal‐sensitive performances. In addition, the UV‐shielding performance of the delivery system was improved. The photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of the system under the irradiation of near‐infrared (NIR) light was determined to be 14.18%. Moreover, the nematicidal activities of the system against pine wood nematode and Aphelenchoides besseyi were greatly increased under the irradiation of light‐emitting diode (LED) simulated sunlight.CONCLUSIONThe release of the pesticide‐active substances in such a pesticide delivery system could be effectively regulated with the irradiation of NIR light or LED‐simulated sunlight. Thus, the developed pesticide delivery system may have broad application prospects in modern agriculture fields. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A protocol for increased throughput phenotyping of plant resistance to the pollen beetle
Authors: Bellec Laura , Hervé Maxime R , Mercier Anne‐Sophie , Lenal Pierre‐Arthur , Faure Sébastien , Cortesero Anne‐Marie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDImproving crop resistance to insect herbivores is a major research objective in breeding programs. Although genomic technologies have increased the speed at which large populations can be genotyped, breeding programs still suffer from phenotyping constraints. The pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) is a major pest of oilseed rape for which no resistant cultivar is available to date, but previous studies have highlighted the potential of white mustard as a source of resistance and introgression of this resistance appears to be a promising strategy. Here we present a phenotyping protocol allowing mid‐throughput (i.e., increased throughput compared to current methods) acquisition of resistance data, which could then be used for genetic mapping of QTLs.RESULTSContrasted white mustard genotypes were selected from an initial field screening and then evaluated for their resistance under controlled conditions using a standard phenotyping method on entire plants. We then upgraded this protocol for mid‐throughput phenotyping, by testing two alternative methods. We found that phenotyping on detached buds did not provide the same resistance contrasts as observed with the standard protocol, in contrast to the phenotyping protocol with miniaturized plants. This protocol was then tested on a large panel composed of hundreds of plants. A significant variation in resistance among genotypes was observed, which validates the large‐scale application of this new phenotyping protocol.CONCLUSIONThe combination of this mid‐throughput phenotyping protocol and white mustard as a source of resistance against the pollen beetle offers a promising avenue for breeding programs aiming to improve oilseed rape resistance. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of daridorexant, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist
Authors: Krause Andreas , Lott Dominik , Brussee Janneke M. , Muehlan Clemens , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe analysis aimed at identifying subject‐specific characteristics (covariates) influencing exposure to daridorexant and quantification of covariate effects to determine clinical relevance. Data from 13 phase I, two phase II, and two phase III studies were pooled to develop a population pharmacokinetic model describing daridorexant concentration over time. Covariate effects were quantified based on model predictions. A two‐compartment model with dose‐dependent bioavailability, absorption lag time, linear absorption, and nonlinear elimination described the data best. Statistically significant covariates were food status on absorption (lag time and rate constant), time of drug administration (morning, bedtime) on absorption rate constant, lean body weight on central volume of distribution and elimination, fat mass on peripheral volume of distribution and intercompartmental drug transfer, and age and alkaline phosphatase on elimination. Age, lean body weight, fat mass, and alkaline phosphatase influence exposure (area under the curve, time of maximum concentration after dose administration, maximum plasma concentration, and next‐morning concentration) to a limited extent, that is, less than 20% difference from a typical subject. Morning administration is not relevant for daridorexant use by insomnia patients. The food effect with simultaneous intake of a high‐fat, high‐calorie food is an extreme‐case scenario unlikely to occur in clinical practice. Body composition, alkaline phosphatase, and age showed clinically negligible effects on exposure to daridorexant. Lean body weight and fat mass described the pharmacokinetics of daridorexant better than other body size descriptors (body weight, height, body mass index), suggesting a convenient physiological alternative to reduce the number of covariates in population pharmacokinetic models. The results indicate that differences between subjects do not require dose adjustments.