bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Imaging of CD4+ T Cells in Humanized Mice
Authors: Nagle Veronica L. , Hertz Charli Ann J. , Henry Kelly E. , Graham Maya S. , Campos Carl , Pillarsetty Nagavarakishore , Schietinger Andrea , Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Lewis Jason S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Antibody-based PET (immunoPET) with radiotracers that recognize specific cells of the immune system provides an opportunity to monitor immune cell trafficking at the organismal scale. We previously reported the visualization of human CD8+ T cells, including CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), in mice using a humanized CD8-targeted minibody. Given the important role of CD4+ T cells in adaptive immune responses of health and disease including infections, tumors, and autoimmunity, we explored immunoPET using an anti-human-CD4 minibody. We assessed the ability of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-IAB41 to bind to various CD4+ T-cell subsets in vitro. We also determined the effect of the CD4-targeted minibody on CD4+ T-cell abundance, proliferation, and activation state in vitro. We subsequently evaluated the ability of the radiotracer to visualize CD4+ T cells in T-cell rich organs and orthotopic brain tumors in vivo. For the latter, we injected the [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-IAB41 radiotracer into humanized mice that harbored intracranial patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) xenografts and performed in vivo PET, ex vivo autoradiography, and anti-CD4 IHC on serial brain sections. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-IAB41 specifically detects human CD4+ T cells without impacting their abundance, proliferation, and activation. In humanized mice, [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-IAB41 can visualize various peripheral tissues in addition to orthotopically implanted GBM tumors. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-IAB41 is able to visualize human CD4+ T cells in humanized mice and can provide noninvasive quantification of CD4+ T-cell distribution on the organismal scale.
Targeted Rejuvenation of Exhausted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Regresses Refractory Solid Tumors
Authors: Luo Qian , Napoleon John V. , Liu Xin , Zhang Boning , Zheng Suilan , Low Philip S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have proven to be effective in treating hematologic malignancies but demonstrate only marginal efficacy in eradicating solid tumors. Although several mechanisms can account for these differences, a major cause is thought to derive from CAR T-cell exhaustion, where chronic exposure to tumor antigen can activate feedback pathways that suppress CAR T-cell cytotoxicity. We describe here a strategy to reverse this CAR T-cell exhaustion using a universal anti-fluorescein CAR that concurrently serves as (i) a cancer recognition receptor that enables engagement of multiple cancer cell clones upon addition of a cocktail of bispecific fluorescein-linked tumor-targeting ligands, and (ii) a drug-internalizing receptor that mediates uptake of a CAR T-cell activator comprised of fluorescein linked to an immune stimulant. By attaching a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist (TLR7–1A) to fluorescein, we enable the anti-fluorescein CAR to bind and internalize TLR7–1A, leading to both downregulation of exhaustion markers (i.e., PD-1, TIM3, LAG3) and reactivation of exhausted CAR-T cells without causing the toxicities commonly associated with systemic administration of TLR7 agonists. The resulting rejuvenated CAR-T cells are observed to regress otherwise refractory solid tumors. Moreover, because no other immune cells are altered by this treatment, the data demonstrate that the exhaustion state of the CAR-T cells constitutes a major property that determines the efficacies of CAR T-cell therapies in solid tumors.

Implications:
A novel strategy for rejuvenating exhausted CAR-T cells is described previously that promotes downregulation of exhaustion markers and renewed eradication of cancer cells in a tumor mass.
Serum Uric Acid Levels and Nephrosclerosis in a Population-Based Autopsy Study: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Maki Kenji , Hata Jun , Sakata Satoko , Oishi Emi , Furuta Yoshihiko , Nakano Toshiaki , Oda Yoshinao , Kitazono Takanari , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: February 2022

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Information regarding the influence of serum uric acid (SUA) levels on pathological changes in the kidney is limited. In this study, we examined the association between SUA levels and pathological findings of nephrosclerosis in population-based autopsy samples. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 923 deceased individuals in a Japanese community underwent autopsy examinations between 1974 and 1994. Of these, 547 individuals with available kidney tissues and health examination data within a median of 3 years before death were eligible for the present study. SUA levels were categorized into quintiles (Q1, 107–237; Q2, 238–279; Q3, 280–326; Q4, 327–380; Q5, 381–755 μmol/L). Advanced degrees of glomerular sclerosis, kidney arteriolar hyalinosis, and kidney arteriosclerosis were defined as the 90th percentile or more of a glomerular sclerosis index and an arteriolar hyalinosis index, and the 10th percentile or less of a wall-lumen ratio, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SUA levels on each kidney lesion. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Higher SUA levels were significantly associated with higher values of the age- and sex-adjusted glomerular sclerosis index and lower values of the wall-lumen ratio (both <i>p</i> for trend &#x3c;0.01). Individuals in the Q5 group had a significantly greater likelihood of advanced glomerular sclerosis (OR 7.19, 95% CI 2.42–21.38) and advanced kidney arteriosclerosis (OR 5.28, 95% CI 1.77–15.80) than individuals in the Q1 group after adjusting for potential covariates. There was no evidence of significant associations of SUA levels with either the arteriolar hyalinosis index or the presence of advanced arteriolar hyalinosis. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Elevated SUA levels were significantly associated with advanced glomerular sclerosis and advanced kidney arteriosclerosis, but not with advanced arteriolar hyalinosis in community-based autopsy samples of Japanese.
“El toé te cura bonito”: modos femeninos de dar salud en el pueblo awajún (amazonía peruana)
Authors: Flores Rojas Maria Ximena 
Published: February 2022

Este artículo presenta las primeras reflexiones sobre el uso de fitoterapia dentro de las familias Awajún de las regiones de San Martín y Amazonas. En especial, abordo las relaciones que despliegan las mujeres awajún con sus plantas de poder como el toé (Brugmansia suaveolens); una planta que es sembrada, cuidada, llamada y preparada por algunas madres awajún con el objetivo de dar vida y salud a sus hijos e hijas enfermas. La relación que cada mujer establece con sus plantas de toé es única. Similar a los procesos de formación de persona, las mujeres dueñas de las plantas tornan y reconocen la existencia de sus hijos vegetales por medio de cuidarlos, intercambio de substancia, dietas y resguardos. En reciprocidad, estos hijos vegetales se materializan como especialistas terapéuticos capaces de dar salud y vida a las familias awajún.
Automated In‐Line Artificial Intelligence Measured Global Longitudinal Shortening and Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion: Reproducibility and Prognostic Significance
Authors: Xue Hui , Artico Jessica , Davies Rhodri H. , Adam Robert , Shetye Abhishek , Augusto João B. , Bhuva Anish , Fröjdh Fredrika , Wong Timothy C. , Fukui Miho , Cavalcante João L. , Treibel Thomas A. , Manisty Charlotte , Fontana Marianna , Ugander Martin , Moon James C. , Schelbert Erik B. , Kellman Peter 
Published: February 2022

Background
Global longitudinal shortening (GL‐Shortening) and the mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) are known markers in heart failure patients, but measurement may be subjective and less frequently reported because of the lack of automated analysis. Therefore, a validated, automated artificial intelligence (AI) solution can be of strong clinical interest.

Methods and Results

The model was implemented on cardiac magnetic resonance scanners with automated in‐line processing. Reproducibility was evaluated in a scan–rescan data set (n=160 patients). The prognostic association with adverse events (death or hospitalization for heart failure) was evaluated in a large patient cohort (n=1572) and compared with feature tracking global longitudinal strain measured manually by experts. Automated processing took ≈1.1 seconds for a typical case. On the scan–rescan data set, the model exceeded the precision of human expert (coefficient of variation 7.2% versus 11.1% for GL‐Shortening,
P
=0.0024; 6.5% versus 9.1% for MAPSE,
P
=0.0124). The minimal detectable change at 90% power was 2.53 percentage points for GL‐Shortening and 1.84 mm for MAPSE. AI GL‐Shortening correlated well with manual global longitudinal strain (
R
2
=0.85). AI MAPSE had the strongest association with outcomes (χ
2
, 255; hazard ratio [HR], 2.5 [95% CI, 2.2–2.8]), compared with AI GL‐Shortening (χ
2
, 197; HR, 2.1 [95% CI,1.9–2.4]), manual global longitudinal strain (χ
2
, 192; HR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.9–2.3]), and left ventricular ejection fraction (χ
2
, 147; HR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.6–1.9]), with
P
<0.001 for all.

Conclusions
Automated in‐line AI‐measured MAPSE and GL‐Shortening can deliver immediate and highly reproducible results during cardiac magnetic resonance scanning. These results have strong associations with adverse outcomes that exceed those of global longitudinal strain and left ventricular ejection fraction.
India’s Merchandise Exports to Asia: A Constant Market Share Analysis
Authors: Fayaz Mohd , Kaur Sandeep 
Published: February 2022

The present study attempts to examine the structural changes in Indian merchandise exports to Asia during the period 1980–2016 by using Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis. The index values of the CMS analysis suggest that India has mostly maintained and strengthened its export market share primarily in resource-based and low tech/labour-intensive products. Major technology-intensive exports include organic chemicals and dyes and colouring materials to all its export destinations in Asia. The market effect result shows a positive impact on India’s export performance which suggests that India has diversified its exports to South Asia, Southeast Asia and West and Central Asia. However, market adaptation effect result shows negative impact in East Asian market which means that India is lacking in adapting the import structure of this market. JEL Codes: F1, F14, F43, L6, O53
Environmental affected mechanical performance of additively manufactured carbon fiber–reinforced plastic composites
Authors: Adeniran Olusanmi , Cong Weilong , Bediako Eric , Adu Sunday Peter 
Published: February 2022

Due to their attractive strength-to-weight ratios, stiffness-to-weight ratios, thermal expansion, corrosion resistance, and vibration resistance properties, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites have been widely used in applications ranging from aerospace to sporting goods. Considering some of the advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) over traditional subtractive methods, AM is being used to fabricate CFRP composites. For the fabrication method, several investigations have been conducted on materials and processing effects on the mechanical performance of the composites. However, no studies have investigated the effects of environmental conditions on mechanical performance. This study reports the environmental (temperature and relative humidity) affected mechanical performance of AM fabricated CFRP composites exposed to three different environmental conditions: warm–wet, warm–dry, and cold–dry, compared to samples tested immediately after fabrication under normal ambient conditions. The result was that the warm temperatures have insignificant effects on the mechanical performance of the composites, while near-zero degree cold temperatures have significant effects after the 96 h and 250 h short-term exposure periods. The result also showed the temperature to have more significant effects on mechanical properties than relative humidity. Under the warm conditions, the dry humidity resulted in a slight increase in material mechanical properties over the nominal ambient condition, while the wet humidity showed an insignificant reduction in material mechanical properties.
Automated Extraction of Anatomical Measurements From Temporal Bone CT Imaging
Authors: Ding Andy S. , Lu Alexander , Li Zhaoshuo , Galaiya Deepa , Ishii Masaru , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. , Taylor Russell H. , Creighton Francis X. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveProposed methods of minimally invasive and robot‐assisted procedures within the temporal bone require measurements of surgically relevant distances and angles, which often require time‐consuming manual segmentation of preoperative imaging. This study aims to describe an automatic segmentation and measurement extraction pipeline of temporal bone cone‐beam computed tomography (CT) scans.Study DesignDescriptive study of temporal bone measurements.SettingAcademic institution.MethodsA propagation template composed of 16 temporal bone CT scans was formed with relevant anatomical structures and landmarks manually segmented. Next, 52 temporal bone CT scans were autonomously segmented using deformable registration techniques from the Advanced Normalization Tools Python package. Anatomical measurements were extracted via in‐house Python algorithms. Extracted measurements were compared to ground truth values from manual segmentations.ResultsPaired t test analyses showed no statistical difference between measurements using this pipeline and ground truth measurements from manually segmented images. Mean (SD) malleus manubrium length was 4.39 (0.34) mm. Mean (SD) incus short and long processes were 2.91 (0.18) mm and 3.53 (0.38) mm, respectively. The mean (SD) maximal diameter of the incus long process was 0.74 (0.17) mm. The first and second facial nerve genus had mean (SD) angles of 68.6 (6.7) degrees and 111.1 (5.3) degrees, respectively. The facial recess had a mean (SD) span of 3.21 (0.46) mm. Mean (SD) minimum distance between the external auditory canal and tegmen was 3.79 (1.05) mm.ConclusionsThis is the first study to automatically extract relevant temporal bone anatomical measurements from CT scans using segmentation propagation. Measurements from these models can streamline preoperative planning, improve future segmentation techniques, and help develop future image‐guided or robot‐assisted systems for temporal bone procedures.
Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer versus non-cancer-patients: a population-based study in northeastern Italy
Authors: Rugge Massimo , Zorzi Manuel , Guzzinati Stefano , Stocco Carmen , Avossa Francesco , Del Zotto Stefania , Clagnan Elena , Bricca Ludovica , Dal Maso Luigino , Serraino Diego 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This study assesses the risk of infection and clinical outcomes in a large consecutive population of cancer and non-cancer patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 status. Methods: Study patients underwent SARS-CoV-2 molecular-testing between 22 February 2020 and 31 July 2020, and were found infected (CoV2+ ve) or uninfected. History of malignancy was obtained from regional population-based cancer registries. Cancer-patients were distinguished by time between cancer diagnosis and SARS-CoV-2 testing (<12/⩾12 months). Comorbidities, hospitalization, and death at 15 September 2020 were retrieved from regional population-based databases. The impact of cancer history on SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical outcomes was calculated by fitting a multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidities. Results: Among 552,362 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, 55,206 (10.0%) were cancer-patients and 22,564 (4.1%) tested CoV2+ ve. Irrespective of time since cancer diagnosis, SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly lower among cancer patients (1,787; 3.2%) than non-cancer individuals (20,777; 4.2% - Odds Ratio (OR)=0.60; 0.57-0.63). CoV2+ ve cancer-patients were older than non-cancer individuals (median age: 77 versus 57 years; p<0.0001), were more frequently men and with comorbidities. Hospitalizations (39.9% versus 22.5%; OR=1.61; 1.44-1.80) and deaths (24.3% versus 9.7%; OR=1.51; 1.32-1.72) were more frequent in cancer-patients. CoV2+ ve cancer-patients were at higher risk of death (lung OR=2.90; 1.58-5.24, blood OR=2.73; 1.88-3.93, breast OR=1.77; 1.32-2.35). Conclusions: The risks of hospitalization and death are significantly higher in CoV2+ ve individuals with past or present cancer (particularly malignancies of the lung, hematologic or breast) than in those with no history of cancer.
A 10-year Trend of Sleeping Patterns, Geographical, and Community Disparities Among Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Lee Yi-Ting Hana , Lee Yen-Han , Wu Yu-Hsuan , Liu Ching-Ti , Chang Yen-Chang 
Published: February 2022

This study examined the trend and geographical/community disparities of sleeping patterns among Chinese older adults. We included older adults from four waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS; n = 25,672; age ≥65). We used a multivariable logistic regression model to examine sleep quality (not good versus good), and a multinomial logistic regression model to assess daily sleep duration (7–8 hr, <7 hr, >8 hr). Older adults from the Central/South and the West regions were less likely to report good sleep quality (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] = .63, 95% CI: .55, .72 and AOR = .80, 95% CI: .70, .93, respectively) while the Northeastern residents reported better sleep quality (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.79), compared with Northern residents. Older adults from Central/South and West were more likely to obtain less than 7 hr of sleep. Public health interventions are necessary to improve the sleep of Chinese older adults.
Impact of Drug Interactions on Major Bleed Rates in Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Cook Hannah E. , Hewitt Jennie H. , Patterson Emily P. , Randolph Amy E. 
Published: February 2022

Background: While direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have less stringent monitoring, favorable pharmacokinetics, and fewer drug interactions compared to warfarin, there is still a potential for drug–drug interactions. There is limited evidence showing total impact of DOAC drug interactions on major bleeding events. Methods: This was an IRB-approved retrospective, case control, single center study. Patients were included if they had received a DOAC from January 2012 to September 2019 and were identified for major bleeding events and matched to a control group. The primary objective was to compare the presence of major drug interactions between patients on DOACs who did and did not have a major bleeding event. The secondary objectives were to compare the impact of specific interacting drug classes and their additive effects on major bleeding events. Results: There were 122 patients included in the study. While the number of patients on at least one interacting medication within duration of DOAC use was numerically higher in the bleed group (85% vs 72%), this was not significant (P = .077). There were significantly more patients on at least three interacting medications within the last 3 months of the study period in the bleed group (n = 9 vs 1), with significantly higher use of aspirin (n = 38 vs 17) and rate control agents (n = 24 vs 11). Conclusion: There may be a cumulative effect on risk of bleeding if patients are on three or more interacting medications concomitantly with a DOAC. This risk of bleeding may be higher with aspirin and rate control agents.
Immigrants’ perspectives on healthy life and healthy lifestyle counseling: a focus group study
Authors: Nekouei Marvi Langari Maliheh , Lindström Jaana , Absetz Pilvikki , Laatikainen Tiina , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Tilles-Tirkkonen Tanja , Turunen Hannele 
Published: February 2022

Background: Immigrants have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases than the general population, but there is a lack of knowledge about appropriate counseling models to promote their health. This study aimed to explore Asian and Russian immigrants’ perspectives in Finland on healthy lifestyle and healthy lifestyle counseling to improve the quality of the counseling in primary health care services to prevent type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured questions for eight focus groups. The participants were 46 adult immigrants (21 Asian and 25 Russian) living legally in Finland. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using deductive content analysis. Results: We identified three themes regarding healthy lifestyle: (1) limited knowledge on different dimensions of healthy lifestyle, (2) understanding the impact of culture and community on healthy living, and (3) changing the lifestyle to live healthier after immigration. Moreover, we found three themes regarding healthy lifestyle counseling: (1) shortcomings in health care for providing healthy lifestyle counseling, such as lack of educational materials and miscommunication, (2) influential individual factors for using healthy lifestyle counseling, such as stress, and (3) positive outcomes of healthy lifestyle counseling. Conclusion: Developing a culturally tailored healthy lifestyle counseling program for the enhancement of immigrants’ knowledge regarding healthy lifestyle with consideration of cultural and linguistic aspects is recommended for preventing chronic diseases among immigrants.
Structural health monitoring of fastener hole using ring-design direct-write piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer
Authors: Wong Voon-Kean , Liu Menglong , Goh Wei-Peng , Chen Shuting , Zheng Wong Zheng , Cui Fangsen , Yao Kui 
Published: February 2022

Fatigue cracks initiated from fastener holes are common in aircraft structures. Implementation of effective structural health monitoring (SHM) system to detect or monitor fatigue cracks near fastener holes is desired for realizing condition-based maintenance with improved aircraft safety at reduced cost. In this work, direct-write piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers were used for monitoring crack near fastener hole. Made of poly (vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] film and annular array electrodes, the direct-write piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers were both directly coated and patterned around the fastener holes. A novel ring-design using annular array electrodes with small footprint was proposed to detect fatigue crack initiated in the vicinity of a fastener hole using pulse-echo and pitch-catch methods. The ring-design direct-write piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers were designed to operate with Lamb wave modes at 1.5 MHz. A numerical simulation study was conducted to investigate the interaction of Lamb wave modes with the fatigue crack. Experimental ultrasonic testing was performed with signal gates determined using wavelet analysis. Fatigue crack detection was demonstrated using an energy ratio method by comparing energy parameter of gated ultrasonic signal with baseline signal. Using the pulse-echo method, the direction of the fatigue crack was able to be determined. The pitch-catch method was found to have higher sensitivity in fatigue crack detection but could not determine the direction of the fatigue crack. These transducers made of thin films promise high conformability even on curved surface and around irregular objects with limited space, compared to conventional discrete ultrasonic transducers. The analysis and results showed that the ring-design direct-write piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers have great potential for fastener hole SHM.