bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of Rictor/mTORC2 signaling acts as a pivotal strategy to protect against sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Fu Xiaolong , Li Peipei , Zhang Linqing , Song Yuning , An Yachun , Zhang Aizhen , Liu Wenwen , Ye Chao , Zhang Yuan , Yue Rongyu , Chai Renjie , Wang Haibo , Gao Jiangang 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a central role in growth, metabolism, and aging. It is assembled into two multiprotein complexes, namely, mTORC1 and mTORC2. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of sirolimus in ARHL in mice by decreasing mTORC1. However, the aspect of mTORC2 regulation in the cochlea is poorly characterized. Herein, based on pharmacological and genetic interventions, we found that a high dose of sirolimus resulted in severe hearing loss by reducing the mTORC2/AKT signaling pathway in the cochlea. Furthermore, selective activation of mTORC2 could protect against hearing loss induced by acoustic trauma and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Hence, the therapeutic activation of mTORC2 in conjunction with decreasing mTORC1 might represent a promising and effective strategy in preventing hearing loss.
Higher sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean during the Last Interglacial weakened the South Asian monsoon
Authors: Wang Yiming V. , Larsen Thomas , Lauterbach Stefan , Andersen Nils , Blanz Thomas , Krebs-Kanzow Uta , Gierz Paul , Schneider Ralph R. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Understanding the drivers of South Asian monsoon intensity is pivotal for improving climate forecasting under global warming scenarios. Solar insolation is assumed to be the dominant driver of monsoon variability in warm climate regimes, but this has not been verified by proxy data. We report a South Asian monsoon rainfall record spanning the last ∼130 kyr in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna river catchment. Our multiproxy data reveal that the South Asian monsoon was weaker during the Last Interglacial (130 to 115 ka)—despite higher insolation—than during the Holocene (11.6 ka to present), thus questioning the widely accepted model assumption. Our work implies that Indian Ocean warming may increase the occurrence of severe monsoon failures in South Asia.
Amino acid sensor conserved from bacteria to humans
Authors: Gumerov Vadim M. , Andrianova Ekaterina P. , Matilla Miguel A. , Page Karen M. , Monteagudo-Cascales Elizabet , Dolphin Annette C. , Krell Tino , Zhulin Igor B. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceAmino acids are the building blocks of life and important signaling molecules. Despite their common structure, no universal mechanism for amino acid recognition by cellular receptors is currently known. We discovered a simple motif, which binds amino acids in various receptor proteins from all major life-forms. In humans, this motif is found in subunits of calcium channels that are implicated in pain and neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings suggest that γ-aminobutyric acid–derived drugs bind to the same motif in human proteins that binds natural ligands in bacterial receptors, thus enabling future improvement of important drugs.
Necroptosis triggers spatially restricted neutrophil-mediated vascular damage during lung ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Wenjun , Terada Yuriko , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Tyurin Vladimir A. , Bery Amit I. , Gauthier Jason M. , Higashikubo Ryuji , Tong Alice Y. , Zhou Dequan , Nunez-Santana Felix , Lecuona Emilia , Hassan Adil , Hashimoto Kohei , Scozzi Davide , Puri Varun , Nava Ruben G. , Krupnick Alexander S. , Lavine Kory J. , Gelman Andrew E. , Miller Mark J. , Kagan Valerian E. , Bharat Ankit , Kreisel Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Intravital imaging, oxidative lipidomics, and a transplant model were used to define mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment into lungs during ischemia reperfusion injury, a clinically relevant form of sterile inflammation. We found that early neutrophil-mediated damage is largely confined to the subpleural vasculature, a process that is orchestrated by a spatially restricted distribution of nonclassical monocytes that produce chemokines following necroptosis of pulmonary cells. Neutrophils disrupt the integrity of subpleural capillaries, which is associated with impaired lung function. Neutrophil-mediated vascular leakage is dependent on TLR4 expression on vascular endothelium, NOX4 signaling, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Our research provides insights into mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment during sterile lung inflammation and lays the foundation for developing new therapies.
Vimentin intermediate filaments and filamentous actin form unexpected interpenetrating networks that redefine the cell cortex
Authors: Wu Huayin , Shen Yinan , Sivagurunathan Suganya , Weber Miriam Sarah , Adam Stephen A. , Shin Jennifer H. , Fredberg Jeffrey J. , Medalia Ohad , Goldman Robert , Weitz David A. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Filamentous actin (F-actin) and vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) are two major cytoskeletal components; they are generally thought to be spatially compartmentalized and to have distinctly different and independent functions. Here we combine two imaging methods, high-resolution structured illumination microscopy and cryo-electron tomography, as well as functional characterizations, to show that unexpectedly, VIFs and F-actin have extensive structural interactions within the cell cortex and form interpenetrating networks. These interactions have very important functional consequences for cells, which are broadly significant given the wide range of processes attributed to F-actin. These results profoundly alter our understanding of the contributions of cytoskeletal components and counter the common belief that VIFs and F-actin are independent in both structure and function.
Step-bunching instability of growing interfaces between ice and supercooled water
Authors: Murata Ken-ichiro , Sato Masahide , Uwaha Makio , Saito Fumiaki , Nagashima Ken , Sazaki Gen 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Step-bunching instability (SBI) is one of the interfacial instabilities driven by self-organization of elementary step flow associated with crystal-growth dynamics, which has been observed in diverse crystalline materials. However, despite theoretical suggestions of its presence, no direct observations of SBI for simple melt growth have been achieved so far. Here, with the aid of a type of optical microscope and its combination with a two-beam interferometer, we realized quantitative in situ observations of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the SBI. This enables us to examine the origin of the SBI at the level of the step–step interaction. We also found that the SBI spontaneously induces a highly stable spiral growth mode, governing the late stage of the growth process.
Human defensin-inspired discovery of peptidomimetic antibiotics
Authors: Luo Gan , Zhang Jue , Wang HanBin , Sun YaQi , Cheng BaoLi , Xu ZhiPeng , Zhang Yan , Li Hui , Lu WuYuan , Nemeth Elizabeta , Ganz Tomas , Fang XiangMing 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceWe report the development of peptidomimetic antibiotics derived from a natural antimicrobial peptide, human α-defensin 5. By engaging multiple bacterial targets, the lead compound is efficacious in vitro and in vivo against bacteria with highly inducible antibiotic resistance, promising a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
On the stratospheric chemistry of midlatitude wildfire smoke
Authors: Solomon Susan , Dube Kimberlee , Stone Kane , Yu Pengfei , Kinnison Doug , Toon Owen B. , Strahan Susan E. , Rosenlof Karen H. , Portmann Robert , Davis Sean , Randel William , Bernath Peter , Boone Chris , Bardeen Charles G. , Bourassa Adam , Zawada Daniel , Degenstein Doug 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceLarge wildfires have been observed to inject smoke into the stratosphere, raising questions about their potential to affect the stratospheric ozone layer that protects life on Earth from biologically damaging ultraviolet radiation. Multiple observations of aerosol and NO2concentrations from three independent satellite instruments are used here together with model calculations to identify decreases in stratospheric NO2concentrations following major Australian 2019 through 2020 wildfires. The data confirm that important chemistry did occur on the smoke particle surfaces. The observed behavior in NO2with increasing particle concentrations is a marker for surface chemistry that contributes to midlatitude ozone depletion. The results indicate that increasing wildfire activity in a warming world may slow the recovery of the ozone layer.
Bayesian nonparametric inference for heterogeneously mixing infectious disease models
Authors: Seymour Rowland G. , Kypraios Theodore , O’Neill Philip D. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Mathematical models of infectious disease transmission continue to play a vital role in understanding, mitigating, and preventing outbreaks. The vast majority of epidemic models in the literature are parametric, meaning that they contain inherent assumptions about how transmission occurs in a population. However, such assumptions can be lacking in appropriate biological or epidemiological justification and in consequence lead to erroneous scientific conclusions and misleading predictions. We propose a flexible Bayesian nonparametric framework that avoids the need to make strict model assumptions about the infection process and enables a far more data-driven modeling approach for inferring the mechanisms governing transmission. We use our methods to enhance our understanding of the transmission mechanisms of the 2001 UK foot and mouth disease outbreak.
Interlocking activities of DNA polymerase β in the base excision repair pathway
Authors: Kumar Adarsh , Reed Andrew J. , Zahurancik Walter J. , Daskalova Sasha M. , Hecht Sidney M. , Suo Zucai 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Base excision repair (BER) is one of the major DNA repair pathways used to fix a myriad of cellular DNA lesions. The enzymes involved in BER, including DNA polymerase β (Polβ), have been identified and characterized, but how they act together to efficiently perform BER has not been fully understood. Through gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and kinetic analysis, we discovered that the two enzymatic activities of Polβ can be interlocked, rather than functioning independently from each other, when processing DNA intermediates formed in BER. The finding prompted us to hypothesize a modified BER pathway. Through conventional and time-resolved X-ray crystallography, we solved 11 high-resolution crystal structures of cross-linked Polβ complexes and proposed a detailed chemical mechanism for Polβ’s 5′-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity.
Dynamic single-molecule sensing by actively tuning binding kinetics for ultrasensitive biomarker detection
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Zhou Xiaoyan , Yang Yuting , Sun Yi , Wang Jingan , Zhai Chunhui , Li Jinghong , Yu Hui 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The detection of low-abundance molecular biomarkers is key to the liquid–biopsy-based disease diagnosis. Existing methods are limited by the affinity and specificity of recognition probes and the mass transportation of analyte molecules onto the sensor surfaces, resulting in insufficient sensitivity and long assay time. This work establishes a rapid and ultrasensitive approach by actively tuning binding kinetics and accelerating the mass transportation via nanoparticle micromanipulations. This is significant because it permits extremely sensitive measurements within clinically acceptable assay time. It is incubation-free, washing-free, and compatible with low- and high-affinity probes.
Metformin, phenformin, and galegine inhibit complex IV activity and reduce glycerol-derived gluconeogenesis
Authors: LaMoia Traci E. , Butrico Gina M. , Kalpage Hasini A. , Goedeke Leigh , Hubbard Brandon T. , Vatner Daniel F. , Gaspar Rafael C. , Zhang Xian-Man , Cline Gary W. , Nakahara Keita , Woo Seungwan , Shimada Atsuhiro , Hüttemann Maik , Shulman Gerald I. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet the mechanism by which it lowers plasma glucose concentrations has remained elusive. Most studies to date have attributed metformin’s glucose-lowering effects to inhibition of complex I activity. Contrary to this hypothesis, we show that inhibition of complex I activity in vitro and in vivo does not reduce plasma glucose concentrations or inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis. We go on to show that metformin, and the related guanides/biguanides, phenformin and galegine, inhibit complex IV activity at clinically relevant concentrations, which, in turn, results in inhibition of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, increased cytosolic redox, and selective inhibition of glycerol-derived hepatic gluconeogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.
A novel mouse strain optimized for chronic human antibody administration
Authors: Gupta Aaron , Smith Patrick , Bournazos Stylianos , Ravetch Jeffrey V. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Species differences in IgG Fc–Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interactions have made humanized mouse models an attractive strategy to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of human antibodies. We previously published a humanized FcγR mouse model that fully recapitulates the expression and function of these receptors in vivo. However, the immunogenicity of exogenous human IgG has made long-term assessment of antibody function challenging, since endogenous mouse anti-human IgG responses limit the duration and success of these studies. Here, we present a mouse strain that expresses human IgG1 and FcγRs, thereby conferring tolerance to chronic administration of human IgG and enabling functional assessment of antibodies. Because this strain is appropriate for chronic disease models, we expect that researchers will benefit from its use.
From more to less ‘Civil’ borderline discourses in mainstream media and government
Authors: Way Lyndon , İnceoğlu İrem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Between the civil and uncivil lie ‘borderline’ discourses where speech that appears civil is laden with uncivil ideas, norms and discourses that normalise anti-pluralist, nativist and exclusionary views. Such discourses are found in videos and websites of far-right groups and in some mainstream media. Here, we argue that Turkey’s government and mainstream media use similar discursive strategies. We examine both speeches and media representations of these that represent capital punishment since Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s 2002 rise to politics. Analysis leans on Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies to expose how Erdoğan, who transforms from a cautious reformist prime minister into an authoritarian-populist president, has always articulated uncivil ideas cloaked in civility, with uncivility increasing over time. Analysis of lexica and imagery in associated news stories reveal how media normalise such discourses. As such, these borderline discursive acts contribute to a decline in civility in a deeply polarised society.
Towards a syntactic understanding of connective particles
Authors: Muñoz Pérez Carlos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe contrastive connectorpero‘but’ is rigidly sentence-initial in most Spanish varieties. However, at least three Spanish dialects allow locating it at the end of a sentence. This paper discusses the properties offinal peroas attested in the dialect spoken in Bahia Blanca (Argentina), i.e., the so-calledpero bahiense. First, I demonstrate thatpero bahiensecannot be reduced to superficially similar phenomena in Spanish. Then, I offer a comparison betweenpero bahienseand its sentence-initial counterpart showing that they share a number of non-trivial characteristics but also differ in relevant regards. Based on these properties, I advance an account of thepero bahiensephenomenon according to which instances ofperothat express concessivity may optionally attract the CP projection to their left. While the analysis does not cover all properties ofpero bahiense, it highlights aspects of the syntax of connective particles that require further investigation.
A complement to the scalar wave theory of light
Authors: Bhattacharya Kolahal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss how the concepts of Hamiltonian optics are internally connected to the scalar wave theory of light rays. It is shown that the solutions of the reduced wave equation are similar to Huygen’s wavelets, and they can be used to understand Snell’s law of refraction. This model can also be used to derive the coefficient of reflection consistent with Fresnel’s equation for s-polarized light.
Sliding down over a horizontally moving semi-sphere
Authors: Lineros Roberto A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We studied the dynamics of an object sliding down on a semi-sphere with radius R. We consider the physical setup where the semi-sphere is free to move over a flat surface. For simplicity, we assume that all surfaces are friction-less. We analyze the values for the last contact angle θ
⋆, corresponding to the angle when the object and the semi-sphere detach one of each other. We consider all possible scenarios with different combination of mass values: m

A
and m

B
, and the initial velocity of the sliding object A. We found that the last contact angle only depends on the ratio between the masses, and it is independent of the acceleration of gravity and semi-sphere’s radius. In addition, we found that the largest possible value of θ
⋆ is 48.19° that coincides with the case of a fixed semi-sphere. On the opposite case, the minimum value of θ
⋆ is 0° and it occurs then the object on the semi-sphere is extremely heavy, occurring the detachment as soon as the sliding body touches the semi-sphere. In addition, we found that if the initial kinetic energy of the sliding object A is half the value of the potential energy with respect to the floor. The object detaches at the top of the semi-sphere.
Performance enhancement of an organic photodetector enabled by NPB modified hole transport layer
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Qingxia , Xiao Jianhua , Wang Yang , Yuan Liu , Tai Huiling , Jiang Yadong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transport layers are extremely important for organic photodetectors (OPDs) due to their effective role in improving the charge selectivity at the contacts, thus leading to high photoresponse and low dark current. The quintessential hole transport layer (HTL), e.g. MoO3, is suffering from the work function instability caused by the preparation process and the evolution in external environment. In this paper, we introduce an N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB) interfacial layer to modify MoO3 HTL. At an optimized NPB thickness of 20 nm, the photocurrent (J
p) density of the device increases by 19%, thus the responsivity and external quantum efficiency are raised to 0.44 A W−1 and 75% at 725 nm. Besides, owing to the suppressed dark current, the optimized device showcases an enhanced specific detectivity of over 1011 Jones in the range of 460–750 nm (under negative bias). This achievement is assigned to the improvement in transport and collection efficiency of holes. The study provides a feasible method of HTL modification to improve the performance of OPDs.
Nuclear reactions in artificial traps
Authors: Guo Peng , Long Bingwei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Coupled-channel two-particle systems bound by a harmonic trap are discussed in the present paper. Under assumption of short-range interactions, the formula that relates the energy levels of such trapped systems to phase shifts and inelasticity of coupled-channel reactions can be obtained in a closed form. The present paper may set some groundworks toward extracting scattering amplitudes of inelastic nuclear reactions from ab initio calculations of discrete levels of many-nucleon systems in a harmonic trap.
Ionic liquids on oxide surfaces
Authors: Cole Jordan , Syres Karen L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) supported on oxide surfaces are being investigated for numerous applications including catalysis, batteries, capacitors, transistors, lubricants, solar cells, corrosion inhibitors, nanoparticle synthesis and biomedical applications. The study of ILs with oxide surfaces presents challenges both experimentally and computationally. The interaction between ILs and oxide surfaces can be rather complex, with defects in the oxide surface playing a key role in the adsorption behaviour and resulting electronic properties. The choice of the cation/anion pair is also important and can influence molecular ordering and electronic properties at the interface. These controllable interfacial behaviours make ionic liquid/oxide systems desirable for a number of different technological applications as well as being utilised for nanoparticle synthesis. This topical review aims to bring together recent experimental and theoretical work on the interaction of ILs with oxide surfaces, including TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SnO2 and transition metal oxides. It focusses on the behaviour of ILs at model single crystal surfaces, the interaction between ILs and nanoparticulate oxides, and their performance in prototype devices.
Determination of liquid–vapor equilibrium and critical properties of fatty acids for biodiesel production through molecular dynamics
Authors: Arriola González Kevin R , Armas-Perez Julio C , Vázquez-Núñez Edgar , Cárdenas José Carlos , Mendoza Angeles , Reyes-Aguilera José Antonio , Figueroa-Gerstenmaier Susana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent years, biodiesel production has emerged as an option for renewable and green fuel generation due to the constant reduction of fossil fuel reservoirs. Biofuels as biodiesel also show valuable attributes, environmentally speaking, due to their low environmental impact, contributing to the achievement of sustainability. However, costs are not allowable for large-scale production. Thereby, several novel processes have been proposed (e.g., reactive distillation) to solve this issue. An inconvenience for the development of these processes is the little information in the literature about the critical properties of fatty acids, which are precursors of biodiesel. Determination of critical properties for fatty acids through experimentation is difficult. The reason is that fatty acids tend to self-associate (to dimerize) due to carboxylic groups presence through hydrogen bonds, and consequently, have higher boiling points than other compounds of similar molecular mass (e.g., hydrocarbons, esters). Therefore, alternative methods for this determination are required. One choice is the group-contribution method, which is based on the structure of the molecule; however, results can significantly vary among different group-contribution approaches. Another alternative (and the focus of this research) for the determination of these properties is molecular simulation techniques. In this work, the liquid–vapor equilibrium as a function of temperature and the surface tension of three pure fatty acids of long chain (linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid) have been calculated. Simulations have been performed by molecular dynamics using the method of direct determination of phase coexistence with the software GROMACS; in which the transferable potentials for phase equilibria united atom forcefield (TraPPE-UA) have been implemented for these specific molecules. Orthobaric densities and surface tension values have been reported at temperatures near the critical point (from 650 K to 800 K). Critical properties (temperature, pressure, density) have been extrapolated from trajectories obtained in these simulations using scaling law relations. Critical properties for these compounds are not available experimentally, therefore, group contribution calculations from the literature were used as a reference. In this comparison, the palmitic acid properties calculated in this work, show the best agreement among the three substances investigated.