bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deradicalization in response to social experiences in youth in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Chau-kiu 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe study aims to examine the effectiveness of socially available measures such as concessive messaging, deradicalizing messaging, punishment, and reward in deradicalization, which remains theoretically debatable and empirically unclear and concern social policymakers.Design/methodology/approachThis study surveyed 4,385 Chinese youths in Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China, to clarify the effectiveness.FindingsResults show that receiving concessive messages about radicalism raised radicalism in 2020. Meanwhile, receiving deradicalization messages and rewards reduced radicalism. Receiving punishments for radicalism reduced radicalism when radicalism in 2019 had been high.Originality/valueThese results support social learning theory and imply its usefulness for deradicalization. That is, deradicalization can rely on messaging countering as opposed to conceding to radicalism and reinforcement for deradicalization and against radicalism.
Women in Latin American family businesses: an institutional logics perspective
Authors: Samara Georges , Lapeira Maria 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe authors conceptually theorize the obstacles and opportunities that women encounter in family businesses embedded in Latin America, by differentiating between two clusters of countries embedded in this continent.Design/methodology/approachUsing secondary data obtained from various sources, the authors adopted a flexible pattern matching methodology, which involves linking theoretical propositions with actual observed patterns. For each proposition, the authors categorize the comparison with the observed data as either confirming or rivaling the expected patterns in the clusters.FindingsThis study’s findings reveal that women have more leadership and employment opportunities in the first cluster (Brazil, Chile, and Mexico) than in the second (Argentina, Colombia, and Peru). The authors propose that these differences are the result of higher tolerance for women in political leadership positions and of the presence of larger and more internationally expanding corporations in the first cluster. We also find differences between two groups of women: female family members and female nonfamily members, with the former being granted much more opportunities than the latter.Practical implicationsThis research increases the understanding of potential avenues for managers and policymakers in Latin America to foster gender diversity as a means to remain competitive in a global market. While actions at the state level may be more long-term oriented, others, such as those taken by small and medium-sized family businesses may have more immediate effects in minimizing gender biases and encouraging a greater participation of females in business.Originality/valueBy differentiating between two clusters of countries in Latin America, and by making careful consideration of whether females have family ties, the authors provide a more realistic and contextualized theoretical map that depicts the situation of women in Latin American family businesses. This contextualization is one of the first that attempts to examine how multiple institutional logics impact women in family businesses in an underexplored region of the world while differentiating between female family members and female nonfamily members. These findings inform policymakers and family business owners in Latin America on the peculiar challenges that women encounter in their context, while calling for more measures promote the active presence of females in Latin American family businesses.
Mitigating seasonality in tourism by attracting young travellers: evidence from Cyprus
Authors: Liasidou Sotiroula , Berjozkina Galina , Pipyros Kosmas 
Published: August 2022

PurposeGeneration Z, Millennials, young travellers or iGeneration represent the age range from 18 to 29 with uniquely different characteristics and tourism preferences. This study aims to understand the travel behaviour of young travellers in terms of the travel decisions they make and their involvement in tourism activity.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data collection was facilitated by a focus group discussion with 12 participants from this age group.FindingsStudy results suggest that young travellers are attracted to technologically advanced destinations that provide multi-purpose experiences. Competitive tourism destinations are those adjusted to the needs of this cohort of travellers' propensity to embrace change and innovation. Considering the needs and expectations of young travellers is key to a destination's long-term survival and sustainability, as the market share of young travellers is rapidly growing.Originality/valueThe study looks at the trends in this emerging market segment and discusses new generational behaviour. Furthermore, the study provides insight into ways to make destinations attractive as year-round experiences and thereby control the problem of seasonality.
Effect of water availability on volatile‐mediated communication between potato plants in response to insect herbivory
Authors: Vázquez‐González Carla , Pombo‐Salinas Laura , Martín‐Cacheda Lucía , Rasmann Sergio , Röder Gregory , Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Mooney Kailen A. , Moreira Xoaquín 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Airborne plant communication is a widespread phenomenon in which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from damaged plants boost herbivore resistance in neighbouring, undamaged plants. Although this form of plant signalling has been reported in more than 30 plant species, there is still a considerable knowledge gap on how abiotic factors (e.g. water availability) alter its outcomes.

We performed a greenhouse experiment to test for communication between potato plants Solanum tuberosum in response to herbivory by the generalist insect Spodoptera exigua and whether communication was affected by water availability. We paired emitter and receiver potato plants, with half of the emitters damaged by S. exigua larvae and half serving as undamaged controls. Both emitter and receiver plants were factorially subjected to one of two watering treatments: high (i.e. well‐watered) vs. low (i.e. reduced watering) availability, thus effectively teasing apart water availability effects on the emission and reception components of signalling. After 4 days of herbivore feeding, we collected emitter VOCs and receivers were subjected to feeding by S. exigua to test for effects of signalling on induced resistance.

Herbivory by S. exigua led to increased VOCs emissions as well as changes in VOCs composition in emitter plants. Furthermore, emitters subjected to low water availability exhibited a weaker induction of VOCs in response to herbivory relative to well‐watered emitters. Results from the feeding bioassay indicated that receivers exposed to VOCs from herbivore‐induced emitters showed lower S. exigua damage (i.e. induced resistance) compared to receivers exposed to undamaged emitters. However, we did not observe a significant effect of water availability in either emitters or receivers on plant signalling effects on receiver resistance.

Overall, our study contributes to understanding how the abiotic context affects plant communication by providing evidence of water availability effects on the induction of VOCs that act as airborne signals between plants. The observed changes in induced VOCs due to the water treatment had no detectable consequences for plant communication. Accordingly, the induction of key compounds mediating communication was apparently not compromised by our experimental conditions.

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Habitat loss increases seasonal interaction rewiring in plant–pollinator networks
Authors: Lázaro Amparo , Gómez‐Martínez Carmelo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Understanding the flexibility of interactions and network rewiring (i.e. reassembly of interactions due to partner‐switching) is necessary to comprehend how future anthropogenic changes will affect interspecific interactions and the functioning of communities. A higher rewiring could be expected in more disturbed landscapes because these landscapes contain fewer and more generalist species with more homogeneous traits.

We sampled pollination interactions in 20 wild Olea europaea communities along a disturbance gradient to evaluate the hypothesis that the loss of natural habitats increases seasonal (within‐year) interaction rewiring in plant‐pollinator communities, influencing their functional structure. For this, we particularly tested whether rewiring frequency was negatively related to the extent of natural habitats surrounding the communities, whether interaction rewiring influenced the static structure of networks (nestedness, network specialization –H2'–), and whether a high generalization (low specialization –d'–) and abundance of species in communities made them more prone to rewiring.

We show that habitat loss increased seasonal interaction rewiring in networks. Changes in rewiring were related to changes in the cumulative static structure of pollination networks. Nestedness decreased and network specialization (H2') also tended to decrease as interaction rewiring increased, suggesting an indirect effect of habitat loss on the robustness of networks through their dynamics. As expected, generalist insect and plant species were more prone to rewiring. However, flower abundance had different effects on the rewiring probability of plant species depending on the extent of habitat loss, with abundant species rewiring more in disturbed communities and rewiring less in more natural communities. Likely, this is related to the context‐dependent foraging behaviour of pollinators, which may switch to more abundant species if the cost of searching for trait‐matching resources is high in disturbed habitats.

Our work shows the role of partner‐switching in generalist species to adapt to new conditions. It also highlights the importance of going beyond general network metrics to understand the underlying processes of community‐level interaction assembly and predict and anticipate the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on pollination services.

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Is the world wormier than it used to be? We'll never know without natural history collections
Authors: Wood Chelsea L. , Vanhove Maarten P. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Many disease ecologists and conservation biologists believe that the world is wormier than it used to be—that is, that parasites are increasing in abundance through time. This argument is intuitively appealing. Ecologists typically see parasitic infections, through their association with disease, as a negative endpoint, and are accustomed to attributing negative outcomes to human interference in the environment, so it slots neatly into our worldview that habitat destruction, biodiversity loss and climate change should have the collateral consequence of causing outbreaks of parasites.

But surprisingly, the hypothesis that parasites are increasing in abundance through time remains entirely untested for the vast majority of wildlife parasite species. Historical data on parasites are nearly impossible to find, which leaves no baseline against which to compare contemporary parasite burdens. If we want to know whether the world is wormier than it used to be, there is only one major research avenue that will lead to an answer: parasitological examination of specimens preserved in natural history collections.

Recent advances demonstrate that, for many specimen types, it is possible to extract reliable data on parasite presence and abundance. There are millions of suitable specimens that exist in collections around the world. When paired with contemporaneous environmental data, these parasitological data could even point to potential drivers of change in parasite abundance, including climate, pollution or host density change.

We explain how to use preserved specimens to address pressing questions in parasite ecology, give a few key examples of how collections‐based parasite ecology can resolve these questions, identify some pitfalls and workarounds, and suggest promising areas for research. Natural history specimens are ‘parasite time capsules’ that give ecologists the opportunity to test whether infectious disease is on the rise and to identify what forces might be driving these changes over time. This approach will facilitate major advances in a new sub‐discipline: the historical ecology of parasitism.
Mud and glee at the crossroads: How can we consider intersectionality more holistically in academic fieldwork?
Authors: Lawrence Anya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlmost two decades after its original publication, I revisit Bracken and Mawdsley's ‘Muddy glee’; a landmark paper concerned with the inclusion of women in fieldwork. Whilst ‘Muddy glee’ made great strides towards raising awareness of gender discrimination in field‐based disciplines, I argue that greater understanding of intersectionality is needed to address the exclusion(s) that those with multiple markers of difference – including, but not limited to, gender – continue to face in academic fieldwork.
Musculoskeletal pain and quality of life in mothers of children with microcephaly, due to congenital Zika virus syndrome
Authors: Araújo Letycia Monteiro Cavalcanti , Guimarães‐do‐Carmo Vinícius J. , Andrade Tácia Gabriela V. S. , Claudino Sabrina Cavalcanti , Soares Diego Moura , Melo Renato S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to observe the prevalence and intensity of musculoskeletal pain and the quality of life in mothers of children with microcephaly and also to compare the scores of the quality of life domains between mothers who had or did not have musculoskeletal pain.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study that evaluated mothers of children with a clinical diagnosis of microcephaly, due to congenital Zika virus syndrome, in the state of Pernambuco, northeast region, Brazil. To assess musculoskeletal pain, the Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms was used, pain intensity was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale and quality of life by the SF‐36 Questionnaire.ResultsOf the 63 mothers evaluated, 59 (93.7%) reported currently experiencing musculoskeletal pain. The lumbar spine was the body region with the highest prevalence of pain (77.8%), followed by the thoracic spine (57.1%) and cervical spine (50.8%). Pain intensity was higher in the lumbar spine (6.00 ± 0.47), thoracic spine (4.44 ± 0.52) and shoulders (3.81 ± 0.51). The domains that presented the lowest scores in the quality of life assessment were general health status (49.0 ± 3.19), emotional aspects (49.7 ± 5.88) and pain (49.7 ± 2.50). Mothers who had musculoskeletal pain had lower scores in all domains of quality of life assessment compared to mothers who did not have pain, demonstrating significant differences for functional capacity (P = 0.035), physical aspects (P = 0.047) and pain (P = 0.002).ConclusionA high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was observed in mothers of children with microcephaly, with a higher prevalence and intensity in the lumbar spine. The domains related to physical and emotional health presented the worst scores in the quality of life of the evaluated mothers and the presence of musculoskeletal pain reduced the quality of life of the mothers of children with microcephaly in this study.
Rich Screen Reader Experiences for Accessible Data Visualization
Authors: Zong Jonathan , Lee Crystal , Lundgard Alan , Jang JiWoong , Hajas Daniel , Satyanarayan Arvind 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCurrent web accessibility guidelines ask visualization designers to support screen readers via basic non‐visual alternatives like textual descriptions and access to raw data tables. But charts do more than summarize data or reproduce tables; they afford interactive data exploration at varying levels of granularity—from fine‐grained datum‐by‐datum reading to skimming and surfacing high‐level trends. In response to the lack of comparable non‐visual affordances, we present a set of rich screen reader experiences for accessible data visualization and exploration. Through an iterative co‐design process, we identify three key design dimensions for expressive screen reader accessibility: structure, or how chart entities should be organized for a screen reader to traverse; navigation, or the structural, spatial, and targeted operations a user might perform to step through the structure; and, description, or the semantic content, composition, and verbosity of the screen reader's narration. We operationalize these dimensions to prototype screen‐reader‐accessible visualizations that cover a diverse range of chart types and combinations of our design dimensions. We evaluate a subset of these prototypes in a mixed‐methods study with 13 blind and visually impaired readers. Our findings demonstrate that these designs help users conceptualize data spatially, selectively attend to data of interest at different levels of granularity, and experience control and agency over their data analysis process. An accessible HTML version of this paper is available at: http://vis.csail.mit.edu/pubs/rich-screen-reader-vis-experiences.
Effective Use of Likert Scales in Visualization Evaluations: A Systematic Review
Authors: South Laura , Saffo David , Vitek Olga , Dunne Cody , Borkin Michelle A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLikert scales are often used in visualization evaluations to produce quantitative estimates of subjective attributes, such as ease of use or aesthetic appeal. However, the methods used to collect, analyze, and visualize data collected with Likert scales are inconsistent among evaluations in visualization papers. In this paper, we examine the use of Likert scales as a tool for measuring subjective response in a systematic review of 134 visualization evaluations published between 2009 and 2019. We find that papers with both objective and subjective measures do not hold the same reporting and analysis standards for both aspects of their evaluation, producing less rigorous work for the subjective qualities measured by Likert scales. Additionally, we demonstrate that many papers are inconsistent in their interpretations of Likert data as discrete or continuous and may even sacrifice statistical power by applying nonparametric tests unnecessarily. Finally, we identify instances where key details about Likert item construction with the potential to bias participant responses are omitted from evaluation methodology reporting, inhibiting the feasibility and reliability of future replication studies. We summarize recommendations from other fields for best practices with Likert data in visualization evaluations, based on the results of our survey. A full copy of this paper and all supplementary material are available at https://osf.io/exbz8/.
SurfNet: Learning Surface Representations via Graph Convolutional Network
Authors: Han Jun , Wang Chaoli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor scientific visualization applications, understanding the structure of a single surface (e.g., stream surface, isosurface) and selecting representative surfaces play a crucial role. In response, we propose SurfNet, a graph‐based deep learning approach for representing a surface locally at the node level and globally at the surface level. By treating surfaces as graphs, we leverage a graph convolutional network to learn node embedding on a surface. To make the learned embedding effective, we consider various pieces of information (e.g., position, normal, velocity) for network input and investigate multiple losses. Furthermore, we apply dimensionality reduction to transform the learned embeddings into 2D space for understanding and exploration. To demonstrate the effectiveness of SurfNet, we evaluate the embeddings in node clustering (node‐level) and surface selection (surface‐level) tasks. We compare SurfNet against state‐of‐the‐art node embedding approaches and surface selection methods. We also demonstrate the superiority of SurfNet by comparing it against a spectral‐based mesh segmentation approach. The results show that SurfNet can learn better representations at the node and surface levels with less training time and fewer training samples while generating comparable or better clustering and selection results.
Six methods for transforming layered hypergraphs to apply layered graph layout algorithms
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Sara , Pister Alexis , Buono Paolo , Plaisant Catherine , Dunne Cody , Fekete Jean‐Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHypergraphs are a generalization of graphs in which edges (hyperedges) can connect more than two vertices—as opposed to ordinary graphs where edges involve only two vertices. Hypergraphs are a fairly common data structure but there is little consensus on how to visualize them. To optimize a hypergraph drawing for readability, we need a layout algorithm. Common graph layout algorithms only consider ordinary graphs and do not take hyperedges into account. We focus on layered hypergraphs, a particular class of hypergraphs that, like layered graphs, assigns every vertex to a layer, and the vertices in a layer are drawn aligned on a linear axis with the axes arranged in parallel. In this paper, we propose a general method to apply layered graph layout algorithms to layered hypergraphs. We introduce six different transformations for layered hypergraphs. The choice of transformation affects the subsequent graph layout algorithm in terms of computational performance and readability of the results. Thus, we perform a comparative evaluation of these transformations in terms of number of crossings, edge length, and impact on performance. We also provide two case studies showing how our transformations can be applied to real‐life use cases. A copy of this paper with all appendices and supplemental material is available at osf.io/grvwu.
Exploring Multivariate Event Sequences with an Interactive Similarity Builder
Authors: Xu Shaobin , Sun Minghui , Zhang Zhengtai , Xue Hao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSimilarity‐based exploration is an effective method in knowledge discovery. Faced with multivariate event sequence data (MVES), developing a satisfactory similarity measurement for a specific question is challenging because of the heterogeneity introduced by numerous attributes with different data formats, coupled with their associations. Additionally, the absence of effective validation feedback makes judging the goodness of a measurement scheme a time‐consuming and error‐prone procedure. To free analysts from tedious programming to concentrate on the exploration of MVES data, this paper introduces an interactive similarity builder, where analysts can use visual building blocks for assembling similarity measurements in a drag‐and‐drop and incremental fashion. Based on the builder, we further propose a visual analytics framework that provides multi‐granularity visual validations for measurement schemes and supports a recursive workflow for refining the focus set. We illustrate the power of our prototype through a case study and a user study with real‐world datasets. Results suggest that the system improves the efficiency of developing similarity measurements and the usefulness of exploring MVES data.