bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial Screw Migration along the Subdural Peritoneal Shunt Catheter in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Baykoca-Arslan Buse , Belirgen Muhittin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Craniotomy is a common surgery used to expose the brain by removing a part of the bone from the skull. During surgery, bone flaps can be fixed by using variety of materials that can migrate in the long term. A 7-year-old boy presented several years after the craniotomy and subdural peritoneal (SP) shunt surgeries. It was decided to remove the shunt catheter, and during the diagnostic tests, we saw that a loosened titanium screw has migrated along the SP shunt catheter from the skull into the abdominal wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the reported electronic literature for a pediatric patient with a subcutaneous migration of a screw along the shunt catheter.
Spectrum of Surgically Resected Lesions of the Cavernous Sinus: A Neuropathologic Audit
Authors: Nagaraja Chandrashekhar T. , Ramalingaiah Arvinda H. , Arimappamagan Arivazhagan , Mitra Saikat , Shukla Dhaval , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Krishna Shankar S. , Mahadevan Anita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background The cavernous sinus is a complex space composed of extradural venous plexus within dural folds. Several important structures like the carotid artery, cranial nerves, and sympathetic nerve fibers traverse through this space. Radiological diagnosis may not be definitive and in the context of discordance between clinical and neuroimaging diagnosis, histopathological evaluation becomes essential for diagnosis and management. Literature on the pathological spectrum of lesions is scarce as, with a shift in the treatment paradigm, most small lesions of cavernous sinus are treated with radiosurgery. However, surgical management still plays a role for larger lesions and in radiologically ambiguous cases for planning the definitive management.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed all surgically resected lesions of the cavernous sinus over the last two decades (1998–2019). The clinical presentation, neuroimaging features, and histopathological findings were reviewed. Lesions extending from sella and other adjacent areas were excluded.

Results Thirty-eight cases of isolated cavernous sinus mass lesions were diagnosed over the last two decades (1998–2019). Cavernous hemangiomas (19 cases, 50%) constituted the most frequent pathology, followed by aspergilloma, meningioma, schwannoma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma. Overall, 29.4% (10/34) could not be accurately diagnosed on neuroimaging. Of these, four cases of cavernous hemangiomas were mistaken for either meningioma (three cases) or schwannoma (one case). Neither chordoma nor chondrosarcoma was suspected.

Conclusion This is the first study in literature, enumerating the pathological and imaging spectrum of surgically resected cavernous sinus lesions. Cavernous hemangiomas, metastases and chordomas, and chondrosarcoma posed the greatest difficulty in diagnosis on neuroimaging and the reasons for the same are analyzed. In the context of clinical and neuroimaging discordance in diagnosis, pathological characterization becomes essential for appropriate and timely management.
Public–Private Partnership (PPP) Model of Psychiatry Day Care Center in India: Its Challenges and Opportunities—A 2-Year Experience
Authors: Patil Sandeep , Patil Verappa , Tekkalaki Bheemsain , Chate Sameeran , Patil N.M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background Most patients admitted in day care center are suffering from schizophrenia who do not recover fully due to nagging negative symptoms and cognitive deficits which linger and persist making the patients unfit and unacceptable for employment. But regular employment can help in recovery. In this way, day care centers would help in recovery of patients and hence the need for these kinds of centers. In India, day care centers are in infancy stage and to a larger extent are inadequately used. There is no data available from psychiatry day care center run as public–private partnership (PPP) project in a tertiary care general hospital psychiatry unit (GHPU). This model is first of its kind in India. Here, we narrate experiences gained in last 2 years.

Objectives This article narrates the challenges and opportunities in a psychiatry day care center in PPP model.

Materials and Methodology It a cross-sectional study.
Description of day care center: Day care center was started as PPP model called Manasadhara model in the state of Karnataka, first of its kind in India.

Recruitment Patients currently asymptomatic are recruited into the center after initial interview/assessment of patients and family members from the in-charge psychiatrist after obtaining informed consent.

Statistical Analysis Data are analyzed using mean and median mode. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Appropriate statistical methods were applied.

Results Total number of patients recruited in the study were 33 (n = 33). Mean age of the patients was 34.5 (7.4) years.
Majority (51.52%) of patients were in the age group of between 26 and 35 years. Majority (51.52%) of patients' age of onset of illness fell between 21 and 30 years, and 63.64% of patients' duration of illness ranged between 11 and 15 years.

Conclusion Running a day care center in PPP model that too in a GHPU set up is difficult. Skills in which patients need to be trained should be decided based on patients' profile and cultural basis of the place. Common problems faced were poor placements, transportation, financial difficulties, and poor funding.
The asset allocation of defined benefit pension plans: the role of sponsor contributions
Authors: Dyachenko Artem , Ley Patrick , Rieger Marc Oliver , Wagner Alexander F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat percentage of its assets should a defined benefit pension plan invest into stocks as its funding ratio varies? We show that the answer to this question depends on the institutional setting and in particular on the extent to which the sponsoring company contributes to the fund as the funding ratio varies. We consider two settings: in one setting, the sponsoring company contributes to its pension fund only if the funding ratio is below the target level (as is the case, for example, in the US); in the other setting, the sponsoring company always contributes to its pension fund (as is the case, for example, in Switzerland). We show that these two institutional frameworks lead to two different dynamics, conditional distributions of the funding ratios, and relationships between the current funding ratio and investment into stocks. For settings like the US, that relation is non-monotonic while for settings like in Switzerland, it is monotonically decreasing. Previous empirical findings point towards a similar pattern.
On the Geographical Dispersion of Euro Currency Trading: An Analysis of the First 20 Years and a Comparison to the RMB
Authors: Westermann Frank 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Euro and the RMB are both relatively new currencies traded on the global foreign exchange market. While the Euro was introduced in 2001, China started cross-border settlement in RMB in 2009. We analyse the evolution of Euro trading based on data from the BIS triennial survey and compare the patterns to the experience of RMB internationalization. We find that—similar to the RMB—Euro trading displayed some convergence to the geographical pattern of all currencies in the first years of its existence. Thereafter, the convergence process appears to have come to halt. We document that the determinants of Euro trading include links to offshore trading centres, economic and institutional characteristics, but these turn out to be rather unstable over time. The RMB, in comparison, displays a clear convergence pattern and is more strongly influenced by policies and recent trade disputes. Furthermore, we compare the geographical dispersion of Euro trading to the previous D-Mark period and to other commonly used international currencies. These results help to interpret the evidence on initial convergence as a rebound effect from a decline in the international use of the D-Mark during the 1990s.
A lesson for planning rodent eradications: interference of invasive slugs during the Gough Island mouse eradication attempt in 2021
Authors: Samaniego Araceli , Jolley Wes , McClelland Pete 
Published: August 2022

Context House mice (Mus musculus) are the main drivers of biodiversity declines on Gough Island (6500 ha; 40°21′S, 009°53′W), central South Atlantic. A mouse eradication operation was planned, the largest global attempt targeting only this species. Understanding and managing challenges of operating at such scales are crucial for maximising the chance of eradication success. The Gough Island mouse eradication attempt was implemented between June and August 2021, after years of planning and trials. We expected poor weather and negligible non-target bait consumption. Aims We aimed to assess the impact of expected and unexpected challenges faced during the eradication operation on Gough Island, namely poor weather and rapid bait disappearance. Methods We set up bait degradation plots across the primary habitats to monitor the impact of expected heavy rain on bait pellets. In contrast, bait availability monitoring and slug laboratory trials were set up ad hoc in response to unexpected observations of high bait consumption by invasive slugs in the lowlands, where both slugs and mice are more abundant. Key results Bait degradation rates were very different between the highlands and the lowlands, with bait in the highlands lasting about six times longer, despite bait pellets receiving more precipitation and the highlands being persistently under cloud. Bait availability in the lowlands dropped by >80% within a few days of the second and third bait application, down to critically low levels (~2 kg ha−1). Importantly, mouse activity was negligible by this time. Non-native slugs appeared to be the main cause of such a sudden drop in rodent bait availability. Conclusions The expected rainy weather was not a significant direct cause of bait degradation in the short term. In contrast, the unexpected slug interference, overlooked in earlier planning trials, resulted in major adjustments of the baiting strategy. Indeed, the rapid bait disappearance in the lowlands triggered the third bait application over this area, at a higher rate. This was not enough, as mice are still present. Implications This is the first report of slug interference during aerial rodent eradications. Our results illustrate how interference by non-target species could affect future pest eradications using baits and should, as far as possible, be assessed early during planning.
New horizons in life extension, healthspan extension and exceptional longevity
Authors: Couteur David G Le , Barzilai Nir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany common chronic diseases and syndromes are ageing-related. This raises the prospect that therapeutic agents that target the biological changes of ageing will prevent or delay multiple diseases with a single therapy. Gerotherapeutic drugs are those that target pathways involved in ageing, with the aims of reducing the burden of ageing-related diseases and increasing lifespan and healthspan. The approach to discovering gerotherapeutic drugs is similar to that used to discover drugs for diseases. This includes screening for novel compounds that act on receptors or pathways that influence ageing or repurposing of drugs currently available for other indications. A novel approach involves studying populations with exceptional longevity, in order to identify genes variants linked with longer lifespan and could be targeted by drugs. Metformin, rapamycin and precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are amongst the frontrunners of gerotherapeutics that are moving into human clinical trials to evaluate their effects on ageing. There are also increasing numbers of potential gerotherapeutic drugs in the pipeline or being studied in animal models. A key hurdle is designing clinical trials that are both feasible and can provide sufficient clinical evidence to support licencing and marketing of gerotherapeutic drugs.
Annual risk of falls resulting in emergency department and hospital attendances for older people: an observational study of 781,081 individuals living in Wales (United Kingdom) including deprivation, frailty and dementia diagnoses between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Hollinghurst Robyn , Williams Neil , Pedrick-Case Rebecca , North Laura , Long Sara , Fry Richard , Hollinghurst Joe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
falls are common in older people, but associations between falls, dementia and frailty are relatively unknown. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on falls admissions has not been studied.

Aim
to investigate the impact of dementia, frailty, deprivation, previous falls and the differences between years for falls resulting in an emergency department (ED) or hospital admission.

Study Design
longitudinal cross-sectional observational study.

Setting
older people (aged 65+) resident in Wales between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020.

Methods
we created a binary (yes/no) indicator for a fall resulting in an attendance to an ED, hospital or both, per person, per year. We analysed the outcomes using multilevel logistic and multinomial models.

Results
we analysed a total of 5,141,244 person years of data from 781,081 individuals. Fall admission rates were highest in 2012 (4.27%) and lowest in 2020 (4.27%). We found an increased odds ratio (OR [95% confidence interval]) of a fall admission for age (1.05 [1.05, 1.05] per year of age), people with dementia (2.03 [2.00, 2.06]) and people who had a previous fall (2.55 [2.51, 2.60]). Compared with fit individuals, those with frailty had ORs of 1.60 [1.58, 1.62], 2.24 [2.21, 2.28] and 2.94 [2.89, 3.00] for mild, moderate and severe frailty respectively. Reduced odds were observed for males (0.73 [0.73, 0.74]) and less deprived areas; most deprived compared with least OR 0.75 [0.74, 0.76].

Conclusions
falls prevention should be targeted to those at highest risk, and investigations into the reduction in admissions in 2020 is warranted.
Key Determinants of Physical and Psychological Health-Related Quality of Life Over Time Among Midlife and Older LGBTQ and Sexual and Gender-Diverse Caregivers
Authors: Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen , Jen Sarah , Emlet Charles A , Kim Hyun-Jun , Jung Hailey H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Prior research has shown informal caregiving among older adults can negatively affect the caregiver’s physical and psychological health. However, little is known about protective and risk factors associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) caregivers.

Research Design and Methods
Informed by the Health Equity Promotion Model and Caregiver Stress Process Model and utilizing longitudinal data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study, this analysis examined modifiable risk and protective factors associated with psychological and physical HRQOL over time among 754 LGBTQ caregivers aged 50–98.

Results
Psychological and physical HRQOL declined over a 3-year period. After controlling for background characteristics, mastery, social support, socialization, LGBTQ community engagement, and physical activity were positively associated with psychological HRQOL while day-to-day discrimination, identity stigma, and insufficient food intake were negatively associated. Steeper declines were observed for older and with no physical activity. Mastery, social support, socialization, and physical activity were positively associated with physical HRQOL while day-to-day discrimination and insufficient food intake were negatively associated. Steeper declines were found for those with high mastery and no physical activity.

Discussion and Implications
Although generalized factors including mastery, socialization, and social support are protective for HRQOL among LGBTQ caregivers, factors including day-to-day discrimination and identity stigma are more unique to historically disadvantaged populations and should be considered in future research and practice. Caregiving interventions incorporating physical activity are promising given its buffering effect for decreased physical and psychological HRQOL over time.
The IBIEM solution to the scattering of P1 waves by an arbitrary shaped cavity embedded in a fluid-saturated double-porosity half-space
Authors: Liu Zhong-xian , Sun Jun , Cheng Alexander H D , Liang Jianwen 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
The double-porosity saturated medium is widespread in the Earth's crust, rocks and man-made materials. In this paper, we developed the indirect boundary integral equation method abbreviated as IBIEM to investigate the elastic waves scattering characteristics in a fluid-saturated double-porosity half-space with an arbitrary shaped cavity inside. First, the Helmholtz decomposition was utilized to derive the 2-D Green's functions for plane waves in a double-porosity half-space under fluid saturation. Then the scattered wavefield is constructed by line sources of compressive and shear waves located at a virtual surface near the cavity surface. After the verification of numerical accuracy, the scattering of plane P1 wave by an arbitrary shaped cavity in a 2-D fluid-saturated double-porosity half-space is solved and analysed. Numerical results show that: the displacement, hoop stress and pore pressure amplitudes are strongly dependent on incidence frequencies, porosities and boundary drainage conditions, etc. Displacement amplitudes usually reach their maximums under the dry condition, while hoop stress amplitudes obtain their peak values under the impermeable condition. The presence of matrix pore pressure and fracture pore pressure enhances the energy fluctuations of double-porosity media, which produces more complex seismic response.
Bioinspired Design in Research: Evolution as Beta-Testing
Authors: Flammang Brooke E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Modernfish represent over 400 million years of evolutionary processes that, in many cases, resulted in selection for phenotypes with particular performance advantages. While this certainly occurred without a trajectory for optimization, it cannot be denied that some morphologies allow organisms to be more effective than others at tasks like evading predation, securing food, and ultimately passing on their genes. In this way, evolution generates a series of iterative prototypes with varying but measurable success in accomplishing objectives. Therefore, careful analysis of fundamental properties underlying biological phenomena allows us to fast-track the development of bioinspired technologies aiming to accomplish similar objectives. At the same time, bioinspired designs can be a way to explore evolutionary processes, by better understanding the performance space within which a given morphology operates. Through strong interdisciplinary collaborations, we can develop novel bioinspired technologies that not only excel as robotic devices but also teach us something about biology and the rules of life in the process.
Elevated Salinity Rapidly Confers Cross-Tolerance to High Temperature in a Splash-Pool Copepod
Authors: Denny Mark W , Dowd W Wesley 
Published: August 2022

SynopsisAccurate forecasting of organismal responses to climate change requires a deep mechanistic understanding of how physiology responds to present-day variation in the physical environment. However, the road to physiological enlightenment is fraught with complications: predictable environmental fluctuations of any single factor are often accompanied by substantial stochastic variation and rare extreme events, and several factors may interact to affect physiology. Lacking sufficient knowledge of temporal patterns of co-variation in multiple environmental stressors, biologists struggle to design and implement realistic and relevant laboratory experiments. In this study, we directly address these issues, using measurements of the thermal tolerance of freshly collected animals and long-term field records of environmental conditions to explore how the splash-pool copepod Tigriopus californicus adjusts its physiology as its environment changes. Salinity and daily maximum temperature—two dominant environmental stressors experienced by T. californicus—are extraordinarily variable and unpredictable more than 2–3 days in advance. However, they substantially co-vary such that when temperature is high salinity is also likely to be high. Copepods appear to take advantage of this correlation: median lethal temperature of field-collected copepods increases by 7.5°C over a roughly 120 parts-per-thousand range of ambient salinity. Complementary laboratory experiments show that exposure to a single sublethal thermal event or to an abrupt shift in salinity also elicits rapid augmentation of heat tolerance via physiological plasticity, although the effect of salinity dwarfs that of temperature. These results suggest that T. californicus’s physiology keeps pace with the rapid, unpredictable fluctuations of its hypervariable physical environment by responding to the cues provided by recent sublethal stress and, more importantly, by leveraging the mechanistic cross-talk between responses to salinity and heat stress.
Reliable, robust, and comprehensive risk assessment framework for urban autonomous driving
Authors: Noh Samyeul , An Kyounghwan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Urban autonomous driving is both complex and dangerous. A multitude of road types, road users, and potential traffic rule violations all make it challenging for an autonomous vehicle to safely navigate an urban environment. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we propose a risk assessment framework capable of reliably predicting and assessing the possibility of collision in urban environments involving the concurrent occurrence of various road types, road users, and traffic rule violations. The proposed framework reliably predicts and assesses the possibility of collision by means of long-term motion prediction–based risk identification, unified risk measures, and probabilistic risk reasoning under a distributed reasoning architecture. The framework is tested and evaluated through real-world testing conducted not only on private urban test roads under a great variety of driving scenarios but also on public urban roads under real traffic conditions. Experimental results show the performance of the framework to be sufficiently reliable for urban autonomous driving in terms of risk assessment.
Microbial pigments: Learning from Himalayan perspective to industrial applications
Authors: Kumar Subhash , Kumar Vijay , Ambika A A A , Nag Deepika , Kumar Virender , Darnal Sanyukta , Thakur Vikas , Patial Vijeta , Singh Dharam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pigments are an essential part of life on earth, ranging from microbes to plants and humans. The physiological and environmental cues induce microbes to produce a broad spectrum of pigments, giving them adaptation and survival advantages. Microbial pigments are of great interest due to their natural origin, diverse biological activities, and wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and textile industries. Despite noticeable research on pigment-producing microbes, commercial successes are scarce, primarily from higher, remote, and inaccessible Himalayan niches. Therefore, substantial bioprospection integrated with advanced biotechnological strategies is required to commercialize microbial pigments successfully. The current review elaborates on pigment-producing microbes from a Himalayan perspective, offering tremendous opportunities for industrial applications. Additionally, it illustrates the ecological significance of microbial pigments and emphasizes the current status and prospects of microbial pigments production above the test tube scale.