bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making sense of democratisation: a case study about extracurricular music workshops in France
Authors: Cintéro Joris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince the early 2000s, education policy in France has strongly encouraged publicly funded conservatoires and music schools to forge partnerships with various stakeholders in sectors outside of specialised music education. This change in the objectives traditionally assigned to music schools and conservatoires has given rise to new ‘pedagogical projects’, among which extracurricular music workshops are quite widespread. This study investigated the views of specialised music teachers in relation to these new pedagogical formats through an analysis of their evaluations of a workshop led in a French school between 2018 and 2019. I interviewed the music teachers who participated in the project (n= 8), those who refused to participate (n= 7) and also the administrative staff (n= 4). The results indicate that far from the ecumenism traditionally associated with policies promoting the democratisation of culture, conservatoire teachers think about and are involved in these projects in different ways, reflecting a wide range of considerations around pedagogy, project quality, purpose or politics.
Digital constitutionalism across the Atlantic
Authors: De Gregorio Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines the reasons for different constitutional approaches to platform governance across the Atlantic. By adopting a comparative perspective under the lens of digital constitutionalism, it analyses the move from converging to diverging strategies of the United States and the European Union to address platform governance. From a liberal approach inspired by the US framework at the end of the last century, the European Union has moved towards a constitutional democratic strategy as demonstrated, for instance, by the launch of the Digital Services Act. On the other side of the Atlantic, the United States has reacted to the consolidation of platform governance by maintaining a liberal approach based on a vertical paradigm driven by the First Amendment. Given these democratic and liberal approaches, this article explains how the different constitutional premises of the United States and the European Union have produced diverging responses to the power of online platforms, thus underlining different expressions of digital constitutionalism across the Atlantic. The first section of the article introduces the rise of digital constitutionalism as the primary research angle to study the trans-Atlantic approaches to platform governance. The second section compares the European and US responses to the rise of platform powers. The third section focuses on the implications of these different constitutional strategies on a global scale.
Behandlungsbedürftig unbehandelt?
Authors: Moscelli Cathrina , Brunemann Juliane 
Published: April 2022

Was ist zu dem Thema bereits bekannt? Wohnungslose Menschen haben häufig sowohl somatischen als auch psychiatrischen und psychosozialen Behandlungsbedarf. Die Forschung ist in diesem Bereich noch lückenhaft. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Der Fokus wird auf die bisher wenig berücksichtigte Personengruppe der psychiatrischen Pflege gelenkt und Versorgungsdefizite entsprechend erfasst. Wie sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Wohnungslose Menschen profitieren von niederschwelliger Unterstützung. Psychiatrisch Pflegende können und sollten einen wertvollen Beitrag dazu leisten.
Regional‐Scale Low‐Angle Normal Fault Friction and Cohesion Constrained From Mohr‐Coulomb Models of Active and Abandoned Range‐Front Faults in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Webber Samuel , Little Timothy , Boulton Carolyn , Biemiller James , Mizera Marcel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLow‐angle normal faults (LANFs) are poorly understood, as their slip at <30° dips appears inconsistent with Byerlee friction and Andersonian stresses. Rider blocks are fault slices formed when the uppermost part of a LANF is abandoned in favor of a new, steeper fault. Mohr‐Coulomb modeling of rider blocks can constrain fault frictional and cohesive strength provided known fault geometries. Analytical modeling shows that LANF viability depends on fault geometry and on the frictional and cohesive strength of the fault relative to that of the surrounding crust. Modeling of the Gwoira rider block, located atop the Mai'iu LANF, southeastern Papua New Guinea, indicates that this fault segment is frictionally weak (0.04 ≤ µf ≤ 0.17) in the shallow crust, with neither non‐Andersonian stresses nor supra‐hydrostatic fluid pressures required. Such weakness favors slip localization onto a single fault, enabling rapid slip rates at shallow dips. We show that slip at a second site, which lacks a rider block, does not require a weak fault because of a large fault/crust cohesion contrast and a rapid steepening of dip on the convex‐upward fault from only 21° at the surface to >30° down‐dip. From our results, we characterize four possible styles of faulting on convex‐up normal faults: (a) total fault slip, (b) footwall damage, (c) fault partial abandonment, and (d) total fault abandonment. Our results reveal that LANF faulting style depends on the strength of the fault compared to the surrounding crust, fault geometry, and the distribution of differential stress required for slip as a function of depth.
Characteristics and Preliminary Causes of Extremely Persistent Heavy Rainfall Generated by Landfalling Tropical Cyclones Over China
Authors: Liu Haisheng , Huang Xiaogang , Fei Jianfang , Zhang Chi , Cheng Xiaoping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtremely persistent heavy rainfall (EPHR) generated by landfalling tropical cyclones (LTCs) can cause destructive natural disasters. In this study, hourly precipitation data and best‐track data set for 2009–2019 are used to investigate the basic characteristics and preliminary causes of LTC‐generated EPHR over China. Using the relative threshold method, heavy precipitation lasting more than 7 hr is defined as EPHR. The result shows that most of the EPHR events occur in the south and southeast China, especially in the northwest of Hainan Island and the coastal areas of Zhejiang. The maximum duration of EPHR can reach 13 hr with a maximum cumulative rainfall of 668.9 mm. EPHR in the intermediate region (150–300 km away from the tropical cyclone (TC) center) of the LTCs tends to have a higher frequency and greater intensity, and the development process of the EPHR events exhibits a significant asymmetrical feature. Although EPHR accounts for a relatively small proportion (29.4%) of duration in EPHR events, it accounts for a large proportion (61.0%) of cumulative precipitation. The combination effects of topographic forcing and tracks of the TCs directly determines the high incidence areas of EPHR. And the preliminary causes of EPHR are mainly due to the upliftment or blocking effects of the topography. In addition, the translation speed and intensity of the TC can also restrict the generation of EPHR. In general, a stronger and slower TC is more likely to cause EPHR events when it passes through north of Hainan Island or makes landfall at Zhejiang‐Fujian area.
Telerehabilitation for individuals with spinal cord injury in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Solomon Rosie M. , Dhakal Raju , Halpin Stephen J. , Hariharan Ram , O’Connor Rory J. , Allsop Matthew , Sivan Manoj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Study design
Systematic review.

Objective
To systematically review the evidence for the effectiveness of telerehabilitation as an intervention for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Setting
Not applicable.

Methods
MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Pubmed and Global Health databases were used to identify studies published between 1946–2020 meeting the following criteria: (1) patients with SCI diagnosis; (2) in LMIC; (3) an outcome measuring clinical functional ability, quality of life or all-cause mortality reduction. The risk of bias in studies was graded using revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool in randomised trials (RoB 2) and risk-of-bias tool in non-randomised trials (ROBINS-I). Evidence levels were graded with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE).

Results
In total, 107 articles were identified from the initial search. After screening, five studies were included. Some significant improvements to quality of life and pressure ulcer management were observed, alongside some improvement in functional ability with suggested improvement to depression scores. Telerehabilitation alleviated participants’ sense of social isolation, improved satisfaction scores and assisted them to remember techniques for SCI management. Telerehabilitation was valued by health professionals. There was no reduction in all-cause mortality.

Conclusion
There is insufficient evidence to recommend telerehabilitation as an intervention to treat and manage SCI in LMICs, although there is an indication of potential patient benefit. Further research is required to better understand the causal mechanisms underpinning the use of telerehabilitation and establish its efficacy, in the context of resource-limited settings.
Activated Src requires Cadherin-11, Rac, and gp130 for Stat3 activation and survival of mouse Balb/c3T3 fibroblasts
Authors: Adan Hanad , Guy Stephanie , Arulanandam Rozanne , Geletu Mulu , Daniel Juliet , Raptis Leda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that engagement of cadherins, cell to cell adhesion molecules, triggers a dramatic increase in levels and activity of the Rac/Cdc42 small GTPases, which is followed by secretion of IL6 family cytokines and activation of their common receptor, gp130, in an autocrine manner. This results in phosphorylation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (Stat3) on tyrosine-705, which then dimerizes, migrates to the nucleus, and activates transcription of genes involved in cell division and survival. In the present report we demonstrate that, in mouse Balb/c3T3 fibroblasts, mutationally activated Src527F also increases Rac levels, leading to secretion of IL6 family cytokines and gp130 activation, which triggers the Stat3-ptyr705 increase. Interestingly, our results also demonstrate that cadherin-11 is required to preserve gp130 levels for IL6 family signaling. At the same time, however, activated Src527F downregulates cadherin-11, in a quantitative manner. As a result, Src527F expression to intermediate levels allows sufficient cadherin-11, hence gp130 levels for Stat3 activation, as expected. However, expressed to high levels, Src527F eliminates cadherin-11, hence gp130 signaling, thus abolishing Stat3-ptyr705 stimulation. Taken together, these data establish for the first time a loop between Src, cadherin-11, gp130, and Stat3 activation. This fine balance between Src527F and cadherin-11 levels which is required for Stat3 activation and cellular survival could have significant therapeutic implications.
Suppression of the hyaluronic acid pathway induces M1 macrophages polarization via STAT1 in glioblastoma
Authors: Yan Tao , Wang Kaikai , Li Jiafeng , Hu Hong , Yang He , Cai Meng , Liu Ruijie , Li Honglei , Wang Ning , Shi Ying , Hua Wei , Liu Huailei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImmunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is a crucial factor that impedes the success of tumor immunotherapy, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential for the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is highly important brick for glioblastoma microenvironment, but whether it contributes to TAM polarization and glioblastoma immunosuppressive microenvironment is less well known. In our study, we observed that disrupting glioblastoma HA synthesis or blocking HA binding to its receptor CD44 on macrophages increased the proportion of M1 macrophages by upregulating SIRPα in macrophages, the underlying mechanism was elevated SIRPα enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation and suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation in macrophages. Subsequently, the induced macrophages could inhibit glioblastoma growth via a feedback effect. In addition, 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), a cholecystitis drug, can disrupt the CD47/SIRPα axis by disturbing glioblastoma HA synthesis. Collectively, these findings indicated that HA plays a crucial role in macrophages polarization and CD47/SIRPα signaling between glioblastoma cells and macrophages, and suppressing the HA pathway may be a new immunotherapeutic approach for glioblastoma.
Thrombin induces morphological and inflammatory astrocytic responses via activation of PAR1 receptor
Authors: Chen Xiaojun , Zhang Han , Hao Huifei , Zhang Xingyuan , Song Honghua , He Bingqiang , Wang Yingjie , Zhou Yue , Zhu Zhenjie , Hu Yuming , Wang Yongjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) will result in the significant elevation of thrombin production at lesion site via either breakage of blood-spinal cord barrier or upregulated expression within nerve cells. Thrombin-induced activation of the protease activated receptors (PARs) evokes various pathological effects that deteriorate the functional outcomes of the injured cord. The cellular consequences of thrombin action on the astrocytes, as well as the underlying mechanism are not fully elucidated by far. In the present study, SCI model of rats was established by contusion, and primary astrocytes were isolated for culture from newborn rats. The expression levels of thrombin and PAR1 receptor at lesion sites of the spinal cord were determined. The primary astrocytes cultured in vitro were stimulated with different concentration of thrombin, and the resultant morphological changes, inflammatory astrocytic responses, as well as PAR1-activated signal pathway of astrocytes were accordingly examined using various agonists or antagonists of the receptor. Thrombin was found to reverse astrocytic stellation, promote proliferation but inhibit migration of astrocytes. Furthermore, the serine protease was shown to facilitate inflammatory response of astrocytes through regulation of MAPKs/NFκB pathway. Our results have provided the morphological evidence of astrocytic reactivity in response to thrombin stimulation and its neuroinflammatory effects following SCI, which will be indicative for the fundamental insights of thrombin-induced neuropathology.
Cell pyroptosis in health and inflammatory diseases
Authors: Wu Yongqi , Zhang Jing , Yu Sihui , Li Yan , Zhu Jinrong , Zhang Kai , Zhang Rongxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInflammation is a defense mechanism that can protect the host against microbe invasion. A proper inflammatory response can maintain homeostasis, but continuous inflammation can cause many chronic inflammatory diseases. To properly treat inflammatory disorders, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation need to be fully elucidated. Pyroptosis is an inflammation-related cell death program, that is different from other types of cell death. Pyroptosis plays crucial roles in host defense against infections through the release of proinflammatory cytokines and cell lysis. Accumulating evidence indicates that pyroptosis is associated with inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, pneumonia, and colonitis. Furthermore, pyroptosis is also closely involved in cancers that develop as a result of inflammation, such as liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colon cancer. Here, we review the function and mechanism of pyroptosis in inflammatory disease development and provide a comprehensive description of the potential role of pyroptosis in inflammatory diseases.
Gut microbiome responses to dietary intervention with hypocholesterolemic vegetable oils
Authors: Lim Rachel Rui Xia , Park Mi Ae , Wong Long Hui , Haldar Sumanto , Lim Kevin Junliang , Nagarajan Niranjan , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar , Jiang Yuan Rong , Moskvin Oleg Vladimirovich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHypercholesterolemia is becoming a problem with increasing significance. Dietary vegetable oils may help to improve this condition due to presence of phytonutrients with potentially synergistic cholesterol-lowering effects. The objective of this 8-week double-blinded randomized clinical trial was to investigate the effects of consuming 30 g of two different blended cooking oils, rich in omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid and phytonutrients, or refined olive oil on the intestinal microbiota in 126 volunteers with borderline hypercholesterolemia. Multi-factor analysis of relationships between the gut microbiota composition at various taxonomic ranks and the clinical trial parameters revealed the association between beneficial effects of the dietary intervention on the blood lipid profile with abundance ofClostridiaclass of the gut microbiota. This microbiota feature was upregulated in the course of the dietary intervention and associated with various plasma markers of metabolic health status, such as Triglycerides, Apolipoprotein B and Total Cholesterol to HDL ratio in a beneficial way. The relative abundance of a single species—Clostridium leptum—highly increased during the dietary intervention in all the three study groups. The oil blend with the highest concentration of omega-3 PUFA is associated with faster and more robust responses of the intestinal microbiota, including elevation of alpha-diversity. Butyrate production is being discussed as a plausible process mediating the observed beneficial influence on the plasma lipid profile. Causal mediation analysis suggested thatClostridiumgenus rather than the higher rank of the phylogeny—Clostridiaclass—may be involved in the diet-induced improvements of the blood lipid profile.
Intermediate polaronic charge transport in organic crystals from a many-body first-principles approach
Authors: Chang Benjamin K. , Zhou Jin-Jian , Lee Nien-En , Bernardi Marco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCharge transport in organic molecular crystals (OMCs) is conventionally categorized into two limiting regimes − band transport, characterized by weak electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions, and charge hopping due to localized polarons formed by strong e-ph interactions. However, between these two limiting cases there is a less well understood intermediate regime where polarons are present but transport does not occur via hopping. Here we show a many-body first-principles approach that can accurately predict the carrier mobility in this intermediate regime and shed light on its microscopic origin. Our approach combines a finite-temperature cumulant method to describe strong e-ph interactions with Green-Kubo transport calculations. We apply this parameter-free framework to naphthalene crystal, demonstrating electron mobility predictions within a factor of 1.5−2 of experiment between 100 and 300 K. Our analysis reveals the formation of a broad polaron satellite peak in the electron spectral function and the failure of the Boltzmann equation in the intermediate regime.
Statistical learning of engineered topological phases in the kagome superlattice of AV3Sb5
Authors: Mertz Thomas , Wunderlich Paul , Bhattacharyya Shinibali , Ferrari Francesco , Valentí Roser 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent experimental findings have reported the presence of unconventional charge orders in the enlarged (2 × 2) unit-cell of kagome metals AV3Sb5(A = K, Rb, Cs) and hinted towards specific topological signatures. Motivated by these discoveries, we investigate the types of topological phases that can be realized in such kagome superlattices. In this context, we employ a recently introduced statistical method capable of constructing topological models for any generic lattice. By analyzing large data sets generated from symmetry-guided distributions of randomized tight-binding parameters, and labeled with the corresponding topological index, we extract physically meaningful information. We illustrate the possible real-space manifestations of charge and bond modulations and associated flux patterns for different topological classes, and discuss their relation to present theoretical predictions and experimental signatures for the AV3Sb5family. Simultaneously, we predict higher-order topological phases that may be realized by appropriately manipulating the currently known systems.
2D spontaneous valley polarization from inversion symmetric single-layer lattices
Authors: Zhang Ting , Xu Xilong , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Ma Yandong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract2D spontaneous valley polarization attracts great interest both for its fundamental physics and for its potential applications in advanced information technology, but it can only be obtained from inversion asymmetric single-layer crystals, while the possibility to create 2D spontaneous valley polarization from inversion symmetric single-layer lattices remains unknown. Here, starting from inversion symmetric single-layer lattices, a general design principle for realizing 2D spontaneous valley polarization based on van der Waals interaction is mapped out. Using first-principles calculations, we further demonstrate the feasibility of this design principle in a real material of T-FeCl2. More remarkably, such design principle exhibits the additional exotic out-of-plane ferroelectricity, which could manifest many distinctive properties, for example, ferroelectricity-valley coupling and magnetoelectric coupling. The explored design-guideline and phenomena are applicable to a vast family of 2D materials. Our work not only opens up a platform for 2D valleytronic research but also promises the fundamental research of coupling physics in 2D lattices.
Field-tunable toroidal moment and anomalous Hall effect in noncollinear antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co1/3TaS2
Authors: Park Pyeongjae , Kang Yoon-Gu , Kim Junghyun , Lee Ki Hoon , Noh Han-Jin , Han Myung Joon , Park Je-Geun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCombining magnetism with band topology provides various novel phases that are otherwise impossible. Among several cases, noncollinear metallic antiferromagnets can reveal particularly rich topological physics due to their diverse magnetic ground states. However, there are only a few experimental studies due to the lack of suitable materials, especially with triangular lattice antiferromagnets. Here, we report that metallic triangular antiferromagnet Co1/3TaS2 exhibits a substantial anomalous Hall effect (AHE) related to its noncollinear magnetic order. Our first-principles calculations found that hourglass Weyl fermions from the non-symmorphic symmetry trigger AHE. We further show that AHE in Co1/3TaS2 can be characterized by the toroidal moment, a vortex-like multipole component that arises from a combination of chiral lattice and geometrical frustration. Finally, the unusual field-tunability of the toroidal moment puts Co1/3TaS2 as a rare example of a noncollinear metallic antiferromagnet filled with interesting magnetic and topological properties.