bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-241: Cancer burden in a population of Hispanic cohort of persons living with HIV: 1992-2017
Authors: Menon Pranav , Mayor Angel Mauricio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: HIV-associated immune suppression has been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers; this risk maybe higher among Hispanics patients living with HIV (PLWH). The purpose of this study is to better understand the burden of cancer in minority PLWH, particularly those residing in Puerto Rico. Methods: Data from the Puerto Rican Retrovirus Research Center Cohort, matched with the Puerto Rican Cancer and Morality Databases were used to evaluate the cancer burden among Hispanic PLWH between January 1992 to December 2019. Fisher and chi square analysis were conducted to test associations of the neoplasm with gender, HIV risk factors, cancer risk factors anti-retroviral therapies (ART), and death, using SAS 9.4. Results: A total of 4,665 PLWH were evaluated with a mean age at enrollment of 38.43 ± 9.63, 71.60% male, 66.92% were 31-50, 69.52% smoked tobacco, 48.47% consumed alcohol, 48.30% were IV drug users, 28.40% reported men sex with men. At enrollment, 37.45% had a CD4 count &lt; 200 cells (immunological AIDS), 46.23% received ART and 29.71% combination ART (cART). A total of 346 (7.42%) were diagnosed with some type of cancer, where 41.82% were AIDS defining malignancies. [Kaposi's sarcoma: 16.72%, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: 15.73%, and Cervical Adenocarcinoma: 9.42%)] and the rest (53.18%) were non-AIDS defining cancers, [prostate (6.69%), lung (4.86%), Hodgkin's Lymphoma (3.94%), Liver (3.34%)]. Cancers were more prevalent in PLWH who are older, with CD4 count &lt; 200, receive CART, and consumed alcohol. Morality in PLWH with cancer (62.4%) was higher than in those without cancer (53.8%). Cancer mortality was more prevalent in cases who were men, who had not received cART at enrollment, those who drink alcohol, or smoked tobacco. Discussion: Gaining an in depth understanding regarding the burden of cancer in minority PLWH is essential in mitigating adverse outcomes. Our findings indicate higher use of cART in PLWH with cancer, in line with the incremental increase of chronic conditions among this population after the availability of ART. There are significant differences in demographic information and risk factors exposure between HIV patients with cancer and those without. We also find that, beside the HIV risk factor, the classical cancer risks are affecting this vulnerable population. Consequently, further studies need to be done to get further information that will help to design tailored prevention strategies directed to PLWH.
Citation Format: Pranav Menon, Angel Mauricio Mayor. Cancer burden in a population of Hispanic cohort of persons living with HIV: 1992-2017 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-241.
Abstract PO-246: Correlates of HPV test history among African American and Sub-Saharan African immigrant women
Authors: Adegboyega Adebola , Wiggins Amanda , Williams Lovoria B. , Dignan Mark 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent in nearly all cases of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable if detected early through regular screening. While Pap testing is a traditionally accepted screening option, HPV testing offers improved assurance of low cancer risk and reliable identification of cervical precancer and cancer. However, HPV testing is a relatively new testing option and remains underused. Black women, including Sub-Saharan African immigrants, have higher risk for cervical cancer incidence, mortality rates, and later stage of diagnosis for cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of ever having had an HPV test among African American and Sub-Saharan African immigrant women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional 85-item survey with self-described African American or Sub-Saharan African immigrant women recruited from the community in a medium size city in the Southeastern US. Data included demographics, HPV and HPV testing knowledge, and HPV testing history. Logistic regression evaluated predictors of ever having had an HPV test. Results: The average age of the 91 women was 38.2 years (SD = 12.6) and almost two-thirds (65%) were African immigrants. The majority (84%) had ever had a Pap test and more than one-third (36%) had ever had a HPV test. Women were correct on less than half of the HPV knowledge 16-item scale (M = 7.1, SD = 4.7) and HPV testing knowledge was low, with women answering an average of less than two out of five items correctly (M = 1.8, SD = 1.5). Younger age (p=.004), higher education (p=.015), and higher HPV testing knowledge (p=.007) were significant predictors of having had an HPV test. Every one-year increase in age was associated with a 7% decrease in having had an HPV test (OR=.93, 95% CI = 0.88-0.98), while every one-level increase in education was associated with a 2-fold increase (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.15-3.69). Every one-item increase in HPV testing knowledge was associated with an over two-fold increase in having had an HPV test (OR=2.1, 95% CI = 1.2-3.6). Conclusions: To ensure prompt diagnosis, follow up, and treatment, health care providers must stay abreast of updated screening guidelines and implement them. Future research should prioritize increasing knowledge and HPV testing among older women and those with lower educational attainment. c
Citation Format: Adebola Adegboyega, Amanda Wiggins, Lovoria B. Williams, Mark Dignan. Correlates of HPV test history among African American and Sub-Saharan African immigrant women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-246.
Abstract PO-252: Impact of COVID-19 public policies on utilization on cervical cancer screening in Puerto Rico during March 15, 2020 to July 31, 2020
Authors: Gierbolini-Bermúdez Axel , Ortiz-Ortiz Karen , Ramos- Cartagena Jeslie M , Sonawane Kalyani , Colón-Lopez Vivian , Deshmukh Ashish , Ortiz Ana P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Among jurisdictions of the United States, Puerto Rico (PR) has the highest incidence of cervical cancer, and cervical cancer screening (CCS) is below 80%. Public health emergencies have an impact on people's access to health care services. We examined the impact of the public policy implemented by the government of Puerto Rico during the first 5 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the utilization of CCS for participants of the Government's Public Health Plan. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 40 government executive orders (issued between March 15 to July 31, 2020) were analyzed according to the level of restrictions they imposed on the population. Three periods with the greatest restrictions were identified: two of them in the government's initial response phase (March 15-30th & March 31st-April 12th) and one in the re-opening phase (July 17-July 31st). We examined the utilization of all modalities of CCS (pap test only and pap + HPV contesting). Rate ratios (RRs) were estimated to compare to CCS rates during periods of 2020 and compared to 2018-2019. Results: In comparison to 2019, CCS decreased during the most restricted period (March 31st-April 12th) of the response phase (RR= 0.19, 95% CI=0.15-0.24 for women 21-29 years; RR= 0.04 95% CI= 0.03-0.05 for women 30-65 years). During the re-opening phase, screening services started to rebound. However, an increase in COVID-19 cases led to another restriction (July 17-July31st), which led to a second phase of decrease in utilization of CCS (RR=0.17, 95% CI=0.13-0.21 for women 21-29 years (RR= 0.09, 95% CI=0.08-0.10 for women 30-65 years). Conclusion: Our results evidence how the public policy implemented as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico had a direct impact on the utilization of CCS services in this Hispanic population. Future studies should examine screening patterns and social barriers of service utilization after July 2020 in Puerto Rico.
Citation Format: Axel Gierbolini-Bermúdez, Karen Ortiz-Ortiz, Jeslie M Ramos- Cartagena, Kalyani Sonawane, Vivian Colón-Lopez, Ashish Deshmukh, Ana P Ortiz. Impact of COVID-19 public policies on utilization on cervical cancer screening in Puerto Rico during March 15, 2020 to July 31, 2020 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-252.
Abstract PO-267: Demographic and psychosocial predictors of regular chronic hepatitis B monitoring among Asian Americans
Authors: Zhu Lin , Lu Wenyue , Golub Sarit , Tan Yin , Yeh Ming-Chin , Nguyen Minhhuyen T , Handorf Elizabeth , Ma Grace X. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Asian Americans are 8-13 times more likely to develop liver cancer caused by chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and experience a 60% higher death rate than non-Hispanic whites. Doctor visitation for CHB monitoring every six months is effective to prevent liver cancer. Methods: This study utilized the baseline data from an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial aimed at improving long-term adherence to CHB monitoring and treatment. The goal was to examine the association of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with having a doctor's visit for their CHB in the past 12-months. Eligible Asian American CHB patients were recruited from the Greater Philadelphia Area and New York City. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to test the associations. Results: The analysis sample consists of 240 participants, among which 74% did not have a college degree, 46% had lower than $20,000 annual household income, 72% had limited English proficiency. Multivariable logistic regression showed that a higher hepatitis B (HBV) knowledge score (OR = 1.24, p &lt; 0.01) and having a regular physician (OR = 3.45, p &lt; .05) were significantly associated with a higher chance of having visited a doctor in the past 6 months for their CHB management. Having health insurance (OR = 4.63, p &lt; .05), a higher knowledge score (OR = 1.29, p &lt; .01), and a higher CHB management motivation score (OR = 1.12, p &lt; .001) were associated with a higher chance of having blood work done in the past 6 months; Vietnamese ethnicity (vs Chinese) and having a college degree (vs not) were associated with a lower chance of testing. Conclusion: Our study found that both sociodemographic and psychosocial factors had significant impacts on CHB management, suggesting that addressing barriers to health care and improving CHB patients' psychosocial status would be effective intervention strategies to promote CHB management and liver cancer prevention among vulnerable Asian Americans with CHB.
Citation Format: Lin Zhu, Wenyue Lu, Sarit Golub, Yin Tan, Ming-Chin Yeh, Minhhuyen T Nguyen, Elizabeth Handorf, Grace X. Ma. Demographic and psychosocial predictors of regular chronic hepatitis B monitoring among Asian Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-267.
Abstract PO-268: Investigating patient barriers to low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screenings among the African American population
Authors: Nguyen Alexander , Zhu Lin , Merceir Ra'Ann , Ma Grace X , Erkmen Cherie P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with Low-Dose Computerized Tomography (LDCT) has been found to reduce lung cancer mortality up to 26% and all-cause mortality by 7%. Yet, uptake of LCS is less than 4% among those eligible. African Americans (AAs) have the highest cancer mortality rate and are also more likely to die of lung cancer compared to whites. Furthermore, little research has been done to understand this groups in terms of their knowledge, awareness, and perceptions related to LCS, and the potential barriers or facilitators to LCS. Guided by the Health Believe Models, this study aims to examine the demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial profiles related to LCS in AAs, and identify the predictors to the uptake of LCS with LDCT. Methods We have recruited 200 AA patients eligible for LDCT for a case-control cohort (100 AAs who have completed a LDCT screening and 100 who did not) through the electric medical record of a safety-net hospital. We are currently conducting online and telephone surveys to collect information on participants' personal and family history, health literacy, beliefs, psychosocial factors, patient-provider relationship, knowledge of lung cancer, perception of screening and potential care cost, transportation barriers, and racial discrimination. Results We will conduct descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics and the modifiable lifestyle behaviors of the participants separately for those who completed LDCT and those who did not. We will then conduct bivariate analysis (chi-square and t-test) to compare various psychosocial and health-related factors by LDCT completion status. Finally, we will conduct binary logistic regression to examine the association between the predictors and LDCT completion. Conclusion The findings of this study will provide critical empirical evidence on the psychosocial facilitators and barriers to LDCT uptake among AAs, a vulnerable and medically underserved population. The facilitators and barriers identified in this study will be used to design both clinic-based and community-based behavioral intervention studies to promote LDCT uptake among eligible AAs.
Citation Format: Alexander Nguyen, Lin Zhu, Ra'Ann Merceir, Grace X Ma, Cherie P Erkmen. Investigating patient barriers to low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screenings among the African American population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-268.
Abstract PR-03: Neighborhood-level redlining-associated methylation in breast tumors: The impact of structural racism on the tumor epigenome
Authors: Miller-Kleinhenz Jasmine M , Moubadder Leah , Beyer Kirsten M. , Zhou Yuhong , Gaglioti Anne H. , Gohar Jazib , Collin Lindsay J. , Henry Kashari , Conneely Karen M. , Krishnamurti Uma , D'Angelo Olivia , Gogineni Keerthi , Torres Mylin , Gabram-Mendola Sheryl , McCullough Lauren E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Structural racism has been associated with breast cancer mortality. Exposure to adverse inequities may drive epigenetic perturbations that affect racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes. This study examined the association between neighborhood-level redlining and DNA methylation in non-Hispanic Black and White women diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: Genome-wide DNA methylation was measured using the EPIC array in the tumor tissue of 84 women. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between neighborhood-level redlining and methylation, regressing β values for each cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) site on redlining while adjusting for covariates. Redlining was derived for census tracts using the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act database. We used a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold &lt;0.1, and for CpGs below this threshold, we examined interactions with Estrogen Receptor (ER) status. We employed multivariable Cox-proportional hazard models to estimate whether aberrant methylation was associated with all-cause mortality. Results: 36 of the CpG sites were associated with neighborhood-level redlining (FDR&lt;0.1). The majority of genes are implicated in carcinogenesis including genes in immune function (BANP, IGDCC3, GPR15), oncogenic signaling (IGFALS, RNLS, RTP3), and angiogenesis (ANGPT1). Further exploration of these 36 CpG sites revealed no interactions by ER status, no probes were associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusions: We identified novel associations between neighborhood-level redlining and the breast tumor DNA methylome. Our data are the first to show that structural racism impacts the breast tumor epigenome.
Citation Format: Jasmine M Miller-Kleinhenz, Leah Moubadder, Kirsten M. Beyer, Yuhong Zhou, Anne H. Gaglioti, Jazib Gohar, Lindsay J. Collin, Kashari Henry, Karen M. Conneely, Uma Krishnamurti, Olivia D'Angelo, Keerthi Gogineni, Mylin Torres, Sheryl Gabram-Mendola, Lauren E. McCullough. Neighborhood-level redlining-associated methylation in breast tumors: The impact of structural racism on the tumor epigenome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PR-03.
Abstract PR-06: Examining disparities in incidence of colorectal cancer by race, ethnicity, sex, and site
Authors: Malabay Andrea Joyce M , Primm Kristin , Curry Taylor , Chang Shine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Over the past 21 years, while the incidence of colorectal cancer in the US has decreased, disparities in race and ethnicity have increased but no recent evaluation exists of differences in race and ethnicity by location of primary tumors within the colon and rectum among all age groups. Recent literature has shown that there are differences in the rates of colorectal cancer between multiple minority groups; however, many of these studies only compare CRC among White and Black groups. We examined the trends of colorectal cancer incidence by racial/ethnic group and location of the primary tumors within the colon and rectum to describe disparities. This study used SEER*Stat v 8.3.9 Incidence – SEER Research Data, 18 Registries, Nov 2020 Sub (2000-2018) to analyze age-adjusted rates in incidence by race, ethnicity, sex, and site. We examined the sites within the proximal, transverse, and distal colon, as well as the rectum, and further examined localized, regional, and distant diagnosis stages. As others have reported, we observed declining incidence in colorectal cancer, but found that some racial and ethnic groups experienced higher incidence rates compared to other groups by diagnosis site and the stage of diagnosis. For example, when singling out the proximal colon, Black males had a rate of 12.7/100,000 people at the local stage in 2000. Comparing this localized proximal rate to male Whites (11.7), American Indian/Alaskan Natives (7.2), Asians/Pacific Islanders (6.9), and Hispanics (7.9), we can see that Blacks have already experienced a higher diagnosis rate than other races and ethnicities. Examining annual percent changes, incidence rates for Blacks decreased just as those for other racial and ethnic groups did. However, they do not experience the largest annual percent decrease. From this portion of the data, we see that some racial and ethnic groups had decreases in incidence trends. However, when examining each rate individually by subsite and diagnosis stage, some groups are seeing a trend where the rate is not as favorable. Despite declining incidence rates of colorectal cancer in the United States overall, comparisons by race and ethnicity reveal important disparities, particularly by site of primary tumors within the colon and rectum, which may have critical implications for treatment and long-term survival.
Citation Format: Andrea Joyce M Malabay, Kristin Primm, Taylor Curry, Shine Chang. Examining disparities in incidence of colorectal cancer by race, ethnicity, sex, and site [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PR-06.
Prediction Models for Gastric Cancer Risk in the General Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gu Jianhua , Chen Ru , Wang Shao-Ming , Li Minjuan , Fan Zhiyuan , Li Xinqing , Zhou Jiachen , Sun Kexin , Wei Wenqiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Risk prediction models for gastric cancer could identify high-risk individuals in the general population. The objective of this study was to systematically review the available evidence about the construction and verification of gastric cancer predictive models. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles that developed or validated gastric cancer risk prediction models up to November 2021. Data extracted included study characteristics, predictor selection, missing data, and evaluation metrics. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). We identified a total of 12 original risk prediction models that fulfilled the criteria for analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranged from 0.73 to 0.93 in derivation sets (n = 6), 0.68 to 0.90 in internal validation sets (n = 5), 0.71 to 0.92 in external validation sets (n = 7). The higher-performing models usually include age, salt preference, Helicobacter pylori, smoking, body mass index, family history, pepsinogen, and sex. According to PROBAST, at least one domain with a high ROB was present in all studies mainly due to methodologic limitations in the analysis domain. In conclusion, although some risk prediction models including similar predictors have displayed sufficient discriminative abilities, many have a high ROB due to methodologic limitations and are not externally validated efficiently. Future prediction models should adherence to well-established standards and guidelines to benefit gastric cancer screening.

Prevention Relevance:
Through systematical reviewing available evidence about the construction and verification of gastric cancer predictive models, we found that most models have a high ROB due to methodologic limitations and are not externally validated efficiently. Future prediction models are supposed to adherence to well-established standards and guidelines to benefit gastric cancer screening.