bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developments in Neuroprotection for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)
Authors: Kolson Dennis L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewReducing the risk of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is an elusive treatment goal for people living with HIV. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has reduced the prevalence of HIV-associated dementia, but milder, disabling HAND is an unmet challenge. As newer cART regimens that more consistently suppress central nervous system (CNS) HIV replication are developed, the testing of adjunctive neuroprotective therapies must accelerate.Recent FindingsSuccesses in modifying cART regimens for CNS efficacy (penetrance, chemokine receptor targeting) and delivery (nanoformulations) in pilot studies suggest that improving cART neuroprotection and reducing HAND risk is achievable. Additionally, drugs currently used in neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric, and metabolic disorders show promise as adjuncts to cART, likely by broadly targeting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, aerobic metabolism, and/or neurotransmitter metabolism. Adjunctive cognitive brain therapy and aerobic exercise may provide additional efficacy.SummaryAdjunctive neuroprotective therapies, including available FDA-approved drugs, cognitive therapy, and aerobic exercise combined with improved cART offer plausible strategies for optimizing the prevention and treatment of HAND.
Bromine–Graphite Intercalation Enabled Two-Electron Transfer for a Bromine-Based Flow Battery
Authors: Xu Yue , Xie Congxin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBr2/Br− is a promising redox couple in flow batteries because of its high potential, solubility, and low cost. However, the reaction between Br− and Br2 only involves a single-electron transfer process, which limits its energy density. Herein, a novel two-electron transfer reaction based on Br−/Br+ was studied and realized through Br+ intercalation into graphite to form a bromine–graphite intercalation compound (Br–GIC). Compared with the pristine Br−/Br2 redox pair, the redox potential of Br intercalation/deintercalation in graphite is 0.5 V higher, which has the potential to substantially increase the energy density. Different from Br2/Br− in the electrolyte, the diffusion rate of Br intercalation in graphite decreases with increasing charge state because of the decreasing intercalation sites in graphite, and the integrity of the graphite structure is important for the intercalation reaction. As a result, the battery can continuously run for more than 300 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 97% and an energy efficiency of approximately 80% at 30 mA/cm2, and the energy density increases by 65% compared with Br−/Br2. Combined with double-electron transfer and a highly reversible electrochemical process, the Br intercalation redox couple demonstrates very promising prospects for stationary energy storage.
Networks of solidarity economy, tools for local development and social innovation
Authors: Guarascio Carmela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe article analyzes the capability of enterprises and social enterprises (as reported by Borzaga and Fazzi (Le imprese sociali, Carocci Editore, Roma, 2011); as reported by Drapery (Comprendre l’économie social, Dunod, Paris 2007)) in promoting local sustainable development, starting from the organization of alternative agro-food networks Renting et al. (Environ Plann 35:393–411, 2003). The analysis starts from a case study of 40 solidarity purchasing groups of solidarity economy in Italy. In particular, the article focuses on the solidarity economic network “REES Marche”. Meanwhile, solidarity purchasing groups (SPGs) in the literature have been studied under the perspective of consumers, even those of the Marche Orazi (DES.so. Economia solidali e cittadini consapevoli, Cattedrale, Ancona, 2011), this article means to go ahead underlining also the perspective of producers.The analysis of data raises up 4 types of possible organizations linked to solidarity purchasing groups, with different levels of social innovation in promoting a sustainable development. Results show that a sustainable local development is enhanced by a thick social cooperation among enterprises into a network, as, for example, that of SPGs. Moreover, it is promoted by a reorganization of the productive chain on local, ecological and ethical basis that directly impacts on production and consumption of fair products. Furthermore, the article shows that the direct relationship among entrepreneur and consumers stimulates a social innovation in solving problems.We use a mixed method approach: a quantitative analysis of statistical data on the web site of REES Marche; a qualitative analysis based on participatory observation and on data collected through 34 in-depth interviews with network’s members.
Lithium chloride leads to concentration dependent brood damages in honey bee hives (Apis mellifera) during control of the mite Varroa destructor
Authors: Rein Carolin , Makosch Marisa , Renz Julia , Rosenkranz Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLithium chloride (LiCl) has a high efficacy against Varroa destructor and a good tolerability for adult bees but the effect of LiCl on the honey bee brood has not been taken into consideration yet. We quantified the mortality of larvae fed with different concentrations of LiCl. For artificially reared larvae already, a concentration of 1 mM had significant toxic effects while under colony conditions, 10 mM was well tolerated. However, a chronic application of the effective concentration of 25 mM elicited brood mortalities between 60 and 90%. Shorter feeding periods of 2 or 4 days reduced the brood damages significantly. Measurements of the lithium concentrations in larvae and pupae during a chronic exposure with 10, 17.5 and 25 mM LiCl revealed respective lithium levels in 5th instar larvae of 7, 13 and 15 mg/kg. No lithium was detectable in 2-day old larvae indicating that pure worker jelly from the hypopharyngeal gland is not contaminated with LiCl. Based on these results, applications of LiCl in colonies with brood should be avoided.
A combined treatment with selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators prevents bone loss in orchiectomized rats
Authors: Komrakova M. , Büchler G. , Böker K. O. , Lehmann W. , Schilling A. F. , Roch P. J. , Taudien S. , Hoffmann D. B. , Sehmisch S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Enobosarm (EN), a selective androgen receptor modulator and raloxifene (RAL), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, have been shown to improve bone tissue in osteoporotic males. The present study evaluated the effects of a combination therapy of EN and RAL on bone properties in orchiectomized rats compared to the respective single treatments.

Methods
Eight-month-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were either left intact (Non-Orx) or orchiectomized (Orx). The Orx rats were divided into four groups (n = 15 each): 1) Orx, 2) EN treatment (Orx + EN), 3) RAL treatment (Orx + RAL), 4) combined treatment (Orx + EN + RAL). EN and RAL (0.4 mg and 7 mg/kg body weight/day) were applied immediately after Orx with a soy-free pelleted diet for up to 18 weeks. The lumbar spine and femora were examined by micro-CT, biomechanical, histomorphological, ashing, and gene expression analyses.

Results
EN exhibited an anabolic effect on bone, improving some of its parameters in Orx rats, but did not affect biomechanical properties. RAL exhibited antiresorptive activity, maintaining the biomechanical and trabecular parameters of Orx rats at the levels of Non-Orx rats. EN + RAL exerted a stronger effect than the single treatments, improving most of the bone parameters. Liver weight increased after all treatments; the kidney, prostate, and levator ani muscle weights increased after EN and EN + RAL treatments. BW was reduced due to a decreased food intake in the Orx + RAL group and due a reduced visceral fat weight in the Orx + EN + RAL group.

Conclusion
The EN + RAL treatment appeared to be promising in preventing male osteoporosis, but given the observed side effects on liver, kidney, and prostate weights, it requires further investigation.
Health-related quality of life in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms: a two-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Modica R. , Scandurra C. , Maldonato N. M. , Dolce P. , Dipietrangelo G. G. , Centello R. , Di Vito V. , Giannetta E. , Isidori A. M. , Lenzi A. , Faggiano A. , Colao A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Scientific knowledge on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) is still limited and longitudinal assessment of HRQoL over the time in NEN patients are scarce. The current study aimed to assess the role of clinical severity and heterogeneity of NEN, as well as resilience, in the HRQoL of NEN patients over the course of a year.

Methods
39 consecutive NEN patients (25 men and 14 women) aged from 29 to 73 years participated in a longitudinal Italian multicentric study. The main outcome measure concerned the severity and heterogeneity of NEN, HRQoL, and resilience.

Results
Over the course of a year, higher levels of the global health (GH) were associated to the absence of distant metastases, while the presence of metastases with higher levels of fatigue, diarrhea, and financial difficulties. Higher levels of resilience are still associated with better GH and lower levels of fatigue, diarrhea, and financial difficulties, but no longer with constipation. Furthermore, patients with gastroenteropancreatic NEN still have higher scores on constipation, but not on GH, fatigue, diarrhea, and financial difficulties. Patients with hereditary NEN continue to have greater GH than those with a sporadic NEN and lower fatigue, diarrhea, and financial difficulties.

Conclusion
These findings showed that the effects of severity and clinical heterogeneity of the NEN on HRQoL may change over time. This evidence should lead clinicians to monitor the HRQoL of NEN patients throughout the course of the disease and psychologists to implement evidence-based resilience interventions.
Sentimental wildfire: a social-physics machine learning model for wildfire nowcasting
Authors: Lever Jake , Arcucci Rossella 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe intensity of wildfires and wildfire season length is increasing due to climate change, causing a greater threat to the local population. Much of this population are increasingly adopting social media, and sites like Twitter are increasingly being used as a real-time human-sensor network during natural disasters; detecting, tracking and documenting events. The human-sensor concept is currently largely omitted by wildfire models, representing a potential loss of information. By including Twitter data as a source in our models, we aim to help disaster managers make more informed, socially driven decisions, by detecting and monitoring online social media sentiment over the course of a wildfire event. This paper implements machine learning in a wildfire prediction model, using social media and geophysical data sources with Sentiment Analysis to predict wildfire characteristics with high accuracy. We also use wildfire-specific attributes to predict online social dynamics, as this has been shown to be indicative of localised disaster severity. This may be useful for disaster management teams in identifying areas of immediate danger. We combine geophysical satellite data from the Global Fire Atlas with social data provided by Twitter. We perform data collection and subsequent analysis & visualisation, and compare regional differences in online social sentiment expression. Following this, we compare and contrast different machine learning models for predicting wildfire attributes. We demonstrate social media is a predictor of wildfire activity, and present models which accurately model wildfire attributes. This work develops the concept of the human sensor in the context of wildfires, using users’ Tweets as noisy subjective sentimental accounts of current localised conditions. This work contributes to the development of more socially conscious wildfire models, by incorporating social media data into wildfire prediction and modelling.
Moldova’s First Quarter Century: Flawed Transition and Failed Democracy
Authors: Crowther William 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article assesses Moldova’s political evolution during its first 25 years of independence. It argues that while the country has gone through 3 very distinct periods of governance during that time, the underlying conditions that have hobbled efforts to establish a stable democratic regime remained consistent. These included the country’s precarious location in the international system, weak institutions and the rule of law, and a deep cleavage regarding national identity. Consequently, the country settled into a pattern of systemic corruption and, at best, a deeply flawed form of democracy. By the end of this period, Moldovans faced the task of mounting a renewed effort to regain control over their political institutions.
Association between the pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder and risk of traumatic injuries: a self-controlled case series study
Authors: Ng Vanessa W. S. , Gao Le , Chan Esther W. , Lee Ho Ming Edwin , Hayes Joseph F. , Osborn David P. J. , Rainer Timothy H. , Man Kenneth K. C. , Wong Ian C. K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with bipolar disorder (BPD) are prone to engage in risk-taking behaviours and self-harm, contributing to higher risk of traumatic injuries requiring medical attention at the emergency room (ER).We hypothesize that pharmacological treatment of BPD could reduce the risk of traumatic injuries by alleviating symptoms but evidence remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between pharmacological treatment and the risk of ER admissions due to traumatic injuries.MethodsIndividuals with BPD who received mood stabilizers and/or antipsychotics were identified using a population-based electronic healthcare records database in Hong Kong (2001–2019). A self-controlled case series design was applied to control for time-invariant confounders.ResultsA total of 5040 out of 14 021 adults with BPD who received pharmacological treatment and had incident ER admissions due to traumatic injuries from 2001 to 2019 were included. An increased risk of traumatic injuries was found 30 days before treatment [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 4.44 (3.71–5.31), p < 0.0001]. After treatment initiation, the risk remained increased with a smaller magnitude, before returning to baseline [IRR 0.97 (0.88–1.06), p = 0.50] during maintenance treatment. The direct comparison of the risk during treatment to that before and after treatment showed a significant decrease. After treatment cessation, the risk was increased [IRR 1.34 (1.09–1.66), p = 0.006].ConclusionsThis study supports the hypothesis that pharmacological treatment of BPD was associated with a lower risk of ER admissions due to traumatic injuries but an increased risk after treatment cessation. Close monitoring of symptoms relapse is recommended to clinicians and patients if treatment cessation is warranted.
Terrestrial protected areas do not fully shield their streams from exogenous stressors
Authors: Mollmann Victor Hugo dos Santos , Santos Sandro , Fernandes Gracieli , Mossolin Emerson Contreira , Dalosto Marcelo Marchet , Cardoso Sônia Maria Vaz Sanches , Prestes Osmar Damian , Zanella Renato , Bartholomei-Santos Marlise Ladvocat 
Published: July 2022

SummaryProtected areas (PAs) represent a powerful refuge for maintaining and safeguarding biodiversity. Generally, PAs are delineated to protect terrestrial taxa, providing incidental protection to the aquatic ecosystems within their borders. Here, we compare water quality within PAs and non-PAs in southern Brazil, encompassing remnants of the Atlantic Forest biome, to assess whether PAs serve as a buffer from external pressures for aquatic ecosystems within their boundaries. In addition to physicochemical and microbiological water parameters, we analysed 147 pesticide and 31 pharmaceutical compounds in water samples from 33 sites within and outside PAs. The water quality did not differ between PAs and non-PAs but indicated clear pollution from sewage discharges. We found 19 pesticides and five pharmaceuticals in streams within the study area. We detected pesticides in all sampling sites, with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid present in 91% of them. Our data show that PAs are insufficient means to mitigate the impacts stemming from their catchments, and the running water that reaches their domains already shows signs of anthropogenic interference, which may affect aquatic biodiversity. Protection and management measures require consideration of the whole watershed to protect freshwater habitats and biota.
A BK inequality for random matchings
Authors: Mészáros András 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLet
$G=(S,T,E)$
be a bipartite graph. For a matching
$M$
of
$G$
, let
$V(M)$
be the set of vertices covered by
$M$
, and let
$B(M)$
be the symmetric difference of
$V(M)$
and
$S$
. We prove that if
$M$
is a uniform random matching of
$G$
, then
$B(M)$
satisfies the BK inequality for increasing events.
Who’s fit for the job? Allocating ministerial portfolios to outsiders and experts
Authors: Kaltenegger Matthias , Ennser-Jedenastik Laurenz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhy do parties appoint outsiders and experts to ministerial positions? Extant research offers explanations based on institutional arrangements and external shocks (e.g. political or economic crises). We go beyond such system-level variables to argue that the characteristics of ministerial appointees are a function of the portfolio they are being appointed to. Drawing on theories of political delegation, we argue that outsider and expert appointments to ministerial office are affected by a portfolio’s policy jurisdiction, its financial resources and appointment powers, and the partisan leanings of the ministerial bureaucracy. We test these arguments on all appointments of senior and junior ministers in Austria between 1945 and 2020. The analysis shows that outsiders are more likely to be appointed to ministries with greater party support in the bureaucracy, while experts are more likely appointed to portfolios dealing with high-salience issues.
A wide-field and high-resolution lensless compound eye microsystem for real-time target motion perception
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhan Haiyang , Liu Xinyuan , Xing Fei , You Zheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptical measurement systems suffer from a fundamental tradeoff between the field of view (FOV), the resolution and the update rate. A compound eye has the advantages of a wide FOV, high update rate and high sensitivity to motion, providing inspiration for breaking through the constraint and realizing high-performance optical systems. However, most existing studies on artificial compound eyes are limited by complex structure and low resolution, and they focus on imaging instead of precise measurement. Here, a high-performance lensless compound eye microsystem is developed to realize target motion perception through precise and fast orientation measurement. The microsystem splices multiple sub-FOVs formed by long-focal subeyes, images targets distributed in a panoramic range into a single multiplexing image sensor, and codes the subeye aperture array for distinguishing the targets from different sub-FOVs. A wide-field and high resolution are simultaneously realized in a simple and easy-to-manufacture microelectromechanical system (MEMS) aperture array. Moreover, based on the electronic rolling shutter technique of the image sensor, a hyperframe update rate is achieved by the precise measurement of multiple time-shifted spots of one target. The microsystem achieves an orientation measurement accuracy of 0.0023° (3σ) in the x direction and 0.0028° (3σ) in the y direction in a cone FOV of 120° with an update rate ~20 times higher than the frame rate. This study provides a promising approach for achieving optical measurements with comprehensive high performance and may have great significance in various applications, such as vision-controlled directional navigation and high-dynamic target tracking, formation and obstacle avoidance of unmanned aerial vehicles.
The effect of dietary fat consumption on Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis in mouse models
Authors: Amelianchik Anna , Sweetland-Martin Lauren , Norris Erin H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal cognitive disorder with proteinaceous brain deposits, neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and extensive neuronal loss over time. AD is a multifactorial disease, and lifestyle factors, including diet, are likely associated with the development of AD pathology. Since obesity and diabetes are recognized as risk factors for AD, it might be predicted that a high-fat diet (HFD) would worsen AD pathology. However, modeling HFD-induced obesity in AD animal models has yielded inconclusive results. Some studies report a deleterious effect of HFD on Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function, while others report that HFD worsens memory without affecting AD brain pathology. Moreover, several studies report no major effect of HFD on AD-related phenotypes in mice, while other studies show that HFD might, in fact, be protective. The lack of a clear association between dietary fat consumption and AD-related pathology and cognitive function in AD mouse models might be explained by experimental variations, including AD mouse model, sex and age of the animals, composition of the HFD, and timeline of HFD consumption. In this review, we summarize recent studies that aimed at elucidating the effect of HFD-induced obesity on AD-related pathology in mice and provide an overview of the factors that may have contributed to the results reported in these studies. Based on the heterogeneity of these animal model studies and given that the human population itself is quite disparate, it is likely that people will benefit most from individualized nutritional plans based on their medical history and clinical profiles.
Succinate dehydrogenase B-deficient renal cell carcinoma with a germline variant in a Japanese patient: a case report
Authors: Higashi Shinichiro , Sasaki Takeshi , Uchida Katsunori , Kageyama Takumi , Ikejiri Makoto , Matsumoto Ryuki , Kato Manabu , Masui Satoru , Yoshio Yuko , Nishikawa Kouhei , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Watanabe Masatoshi , Inoue Takahiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare renal cancer. A 75-year-old Japanese female presented with gross hematuria. Computed tomography revealed two tumors in the left kidney, which were resected. Immunohistochemistry indicated negative staining for the B subunit of SDH (SDHB) in the resected specimen, leading to a final diagnosis of SDHB-deficient RCC. Genetic testing for SDHB showed a RCC germline variant in exon 6 (NM_003000.3:c.642 G > C) that was previously reported but associated with a novel phenotype (i.e., RCC). Twenty-six years prior, her daughter, who was 25 years old at the time, had undergone radical nephrectomy for a pathologic diagnosis of renal oncocytoma of the right kidney; SDHB immunostaining of her daughter’s tumor was also negative retrospectively. We confirmed that her daughter carried the germline variant in SDHB exon 6, similar to the patient. The patient had no evidence of disease progression at 15 months after surgery.