bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive analysis of Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene for salinity tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Kumar Tapan , Tiwari Neha , Bharadwaj C. , Roorkiwal Manish , Reddy Sneha Priya Pappula , Patil B. S. , Kumar Sudhir , Hamwieh Aladdin , Vinutha T. , Bindra Shayla , Singh Inderjit , Alam Afroz , Chaturvedi Sushil Kumar , Kumar Yogesh , Nimmy M. S. , Siddique K. H. M. , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoil salinity affects various crop cultivation but legumes are the most sensitive to salinity. Osmotic stress is the first stage of salinity stress caused by excess salts in the soil on plants which adversely affects the growth instantly. The Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes play a key role in the regulation of abiotic stresses resistance from the high expression of different isoform. Selected genotypes were evaluated to estimate for salt tolerance as well as genetic variability at morphological and molecular level. Allelic variations were identified in some of the selected genotypes for theTPSgene. A comprehensive analysis of theTPS gene from selected genotypes was conducted. Presence of significant genetic variability among the genotypes was found for salinity tolerance. This is the first report of allelic variation ofTPSgene from chickpea and results indicates that the SNPs present in these conserved regions may contribute largely to functional distinction. The nucleotide sequence analysis suggests that theTPSgene sequences were found to be conserved among the genotypes. Some selected genotypes were evaluated to estimate for salt tolerance as well as for comparative analysis of physiological, molecular and allelic variability for salt responsive gene Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase through sequence similarity. Allelic variations were identified in some selected genotypes for theTPSgene. It is found that Pusa362, Pusa1103, and IG5856 are the most salt-tolerant lines and the results indicates that the identified genotypes can be used as a reliable donor for the chickpea improvement programs for salinity tolerance.
Effect of diffusion kinetics on the ice nucleation temperature distribution
Authors: Stratta Lorenzo , Arsiccio Andrea , Pisano Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe nucleation behavior of water is crucial in many fields, spanning meteorology, glaciology, biology, and astrophysics. We report observations suggesting an effect of diffusion kinetics in water on the heterogeneous immersion/contact mode nucleation temperature distribution of ice. We performed differential scanning calorimetry analyses of repeated freeze/thaw cycles and investigated the effect of several variables on the regularity of the nucleation temperature distributions obtained. We observed that the thawing temperature and residence time above 0 °C affect the width of the measured distributions. We explain the observed phenomena according to the diffusion behavior of an external nucleator. Specifically, conditions of enhanced diffusion of the nucleator translated into broader, more scattered distributions, while conditions of limited diffusion translated into narrower, more regular distributions. Lastly, based on our experimental findings, we propose a theoretical explanation centered on the temperature dependence of diffusion kinetics in water.
Structural insight into a glucomannan-type extracellular polysaccharide produced by a marine Bacillus altitudinis SORB11 from Southern Ocean
Authors: Halder Urmi , Mazumder Koushik , Kumar K. Jayaram , Bandopadhyay Rajib 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by a deep-sea, psychrotolerant Bacillus altitudinis SORB11 was evaluated by considering physiochemical nature and structural constituents. The productivity of crude EPS was measured ~ 13.17 g L−1. The surface topography of the crude EPS showed a porous, webbed structure along with a branched coil-like configuration. The crystalline crude EPS contained a high amount of sulfur. Further, the crude EPS was subjected for purification. The molecular weight of purified EPS was determined ~ 9.8 × 104 Da. The purified EPS was appeared to show glucomannan-like configuration that is composed of → 4)-β-Manp-(1 → and → 4)-β-Glcp-(1 → residues. So, this polysaccharide was comparable to the structure of plant-derived glucomannan. Subsequently, EPS biosynthesis protein clusters like EpsC, EpsD, EpsE, and glycosyltransferase family proteins were predicted from the genome of strain SORB11, which may provide an insight into the production of glucomannan-type of polysaccharide. This low molecular weight linear form of glucomannan-type EPS might be involved to form a network-like unattached aggregation, and helps in cell-to-cell interaction in deep-sea microbial species.
Induction of ROS mediated genomic instability, apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by erbium oxide nanoparticles in human hepatic Hep-G2 cancer cells
Authors: Safwat Gehan , Soliman Esraa S. M. , Mohamed Hanan R. H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe remarkable physical and chemical characteristics of noble metal nanoparticles, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, broad optical properties, ease of assembly, surfactant and functional chemistry, have increased scientific interest in using erbium oxide nanoparticles (Er2O3-NPs) and other noble metal nanostructures in cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of Er2O3-NPs on hepatic cancer cells has not been studied. Therefore, the current study was conducted to estimate the therapeutic potential of Er2O3-NPs on human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cells. Exposure to Er2O3-NPs for 72 h inhibited growth and caused death of Hep-G2 cells in a concentration dependent manner. High DNA damage and extra-production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were induced by Er2O3-NPs in Hep-G2 cells. As determined by flow cytometry, Er2O3-NPs arrested Hep-G2 cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and markedly increased the number of Hep-G2 cells in the apoptotic and necrotic phases. Moreover, Er2O3-NPs caused simultaneous marked increases in expression levels of apoptotic (p53 and Bax) genes and decreased level of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 gene expression level in Hep-G2 cells. Thus it is concluded that Er2O3-NPs inhibit proliferation and trigger apoptosis of Hep-G2 cells through the extra ROS generation causing high DNA damage induction and alterations of apoptotic genes. Thus it is recommended that further in vitro and in vivo studies be carried out to study the possibility of using Er2O3-NPs in the treatment of cancer.
Sequential organ failure assessment score as a predictor of the outcomes of patients hospitalized for classical or exertional heatstroke
Authors: Yokoyama Kazuto , Kaneko Tadashi , Ito Asami , Ieki Yohei , Kawamoto Eiji , Suzuki Kei , Ishikura Ken , Imai Hiroshi , Kanda Jun , Yokobori Shoji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeatstroke is a life-threatening event that affects people worldwide. Currently, there are no established tools to predict the outcomes of heatstroke. Although the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is a promising tool for judging the severity of critically ill patients. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the SOFA score could predict the outcome of patients hospitalized with severe heatstroke, including the classical and exertional types, by using data from a Japanese nationwide multicenter observational registry. We performed retrospective subanalyses of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine heatstroke registry, 2019. Adults with a SOFA score ≥ 1 hospitalized for heatstroke were analyzed. We analyzed data for 225 patients. Univariate and multivariable analyses showed a significant difference in the SOFA score between non-survivors and survivors in classical and exertional heatstroke cases. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.863 (classical) and 0.979 (exertional). The sensitivity and specificity of SOFA scores were 50.0% and 97.5% (classical), 66.7% and 97.5% (exertional), respectively, at a cutoff of 12.5, and 35.0% and 98.8% (classical), 33.3% and 100.0% (exertional), respectively, at a cutoff of 13.5. This study revealed that the SOFA score may predict mortality in patients with heatstroke and might be useful for assessing prognosis.
Phytoplankton responses to changing temperature and nutrient availability are consistent across the tropical and subtropical Atlantic
Authors: Fernández-González Cristina , Tarran Glen A. , Schuback Nina , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Arístegui Javier , Marañón Emilio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTemperature and nutrient supply interactively control phytoplankton growth and productivity, yet the role of these drivers together still has not been determined experimentally over large spatial scales in the oligotrophic ocean. We conducted four microcosm experiments in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic (29°N-27°S) in which surface plankton assemblages were exposed to all combinations of three temperatures (in situ, 3 °C warming and 3 °C cooling) and two nutrient treatments (unamended and enrichment with nitrogen and phosphorus). We found that chlorophyll a concentration and the biomass of picophytoplankton consistently increase in response to nutrient addition, whereas changes in temperature have a smaller and more variable effect. Nutrient enrichment leads to increased picoeukaryote abundance, depressed Prochlorococcus abundance, and increased contribution of small nanophytoplankton to total biomass. Warming and nutrient addition synergistically stimulate light-harvesting capacity, and accordingly the largest biomass response is observed in the warmed, nutrient-enriched treatment at the warmest and least oligotrophic location (12.7°N). While moderate nutrient increases have a much larger impact than varying temperature upon the growth and community structure of tropical phytoplankton, ocean warming may increase their ability to exploit events of enhanced nutrient availability.
Surface warming in global cities is substantially more rapid than in rural background areas
Authors: Liu Zihan , Zhan Wenfeng , Bechtel Benjamin , Voogt James , Lai Jiameng , Chakraborty Tirthankar , Wang Zhi-Hua , Li Manchun , Huang Fan , Lee Xuhui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWarming trends in cities are influenced both by large-scale climate processes and by local-scale urbanization. However, little is known about how surface warming trends of global cities differ from those characterized by weather observations in the rural background. Here, through statistical analyses of satellite land surface temperatures (2002 to 2021), we find that the mean surface warming trend is 0.50 ± 0.20 K·decade−1 (mean ± one S.D.) in the urban core of 2000-plus city clusters worldwide, and is 29% greater than the trend for the rural background. On average, background climate change is the largest contributor explaining 0.30 ± 0.11 K·decade−1 of the urban surface warming. In city clusters in China and India, however, more than 0.23 K·decade−1 of the mean trend is attributed to urban expansion. We also find evidence of urban greening in European cities, which offsets 0.13 ± 0.034 K·decade−1 of background surface warming.
A low‐carbon economic dispatch model for electricity market with wind power based on improved ant‐lion optimisation algorithm
Authors: Yan Renwu , Lin Yihan , Yu Ning , Wu Yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroducing carbon trading into electricity market can convert carbon dioxide into schedulable resources with economic value. However, the randomness of wind power generation puts forward higher requirements for electricity market transactions. Therefore, the carbon trading market is introduced into the wind power market, and a new form of low‐carbon economic dispatch model is developed. First, the economic dispatch goal of wind power is be considered. It is projected to save money and reduce the cost of power generation for the system. The model includes risk operating costs to account for the impact of wind power output variability on the system, as well as wind farm negative efficiency operating costs to account for the loss caused by wind abandonment. The model also employs carbon trading market metrics to achieve the goal of lowering system carbon emissions, and analyze the impact of different carbon trading prices on the system. A low‐carbon economic dispatch model for the wind power market is implemented based on the following two goals. Finally, the solution is optimised using the Ant‐lion optimisation method, which combines Levi's flight mechanism and golden sine. The proposed model and algorithm's rationality is proven through the use of cases.
A fine‐to‐coarse‐to‐fine weakly supervised framework for volumetric SD‐OCT image segmentation
Authors: Niu Sijie , Xing Ruiwen , Gao Xizhan , Liu Tingting , Chen Yuehui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObtaining accurate segmentation of central serous chorioretinopathy in spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) is critical for the determination of the disease severity. Although existing methods achieve considerable segmentation results, they heavily depend on large‐scale data with high‐quality annotations. Also, the lesions bear a large shape variation across different patients, which are often difficult to encode. To address the above problems, we propose a fine‐to‐coarse‐to‐fine weakly supervised framework. Specifically, global alternate max‐avg pooling (GTP) network can be employed to locate the lesion regions accurately by using only image‐level annotations. A network module based on the GTP network and a semantic transfer module are proposed to iteratively guide the network to continuously discover and expand the target lesion regions. Then, we employ 3D grey distribution histogram to generate pseudo‐volumetric labels. Finally, a novel 3D level set loss function is proposed to perform coarse‐to‐fine volumetric segmentation. Experiments on a challenging dataset demonstrate that the performance of our proposed method is closer to those of models trained with pixel‐level supervision.
Residual dense collaborative network for salient object detection
Authors: Han Yibo , Wang Liejun , Cheng Shuli , Li Yongming , Du Anyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOwing to the renaissance of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN), salient object detection based on fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) has attracted widespread attention. However, the scale variation of prominent objects, complex background features and fuzzy edges have historically been a great challenge to us. All these are closely associated with the utilization of multi‐level and multi‐scale features. At the same time, deep learning methods meet the challenges of computation and memory consumption in practice. To address these problems, the authors propose a different salient object detection method based on residuals learning and dense fusion learning framework. The proposed network is named Residual Dense Collaborative Network (RDCNet). First of all, the authors design a multi‐layer residual learning (MRL) module to extract salient object features in more detail, getting the utmost out of the object's multi‐scale and multi‐level information. Then, on the basis of the vigoroso stage‐wise convolution feature, the authors put forward the dilated convolution module (DCM) to acquire a rough global saliency map. Finally, the final accurate saliency detection map is obtained through dense cooperation learning (DCL), and the remaining learning is also used to improve gradually, so as to achieve high compactness and high‐efficiency results. Experimental results show that this method is the most advanced method for five widely used datasets (DUTS‐TE, HKU‐IS, PASCAL‐S, ECSSD, DUT‐OMRON) without any pre‐processing and post‐processing. Especially on the ECSSD dataset, the F‐measure of RDCNet achieves 95.2%.
Positioning method of expressway ETC gantry by multi‐source traffic data
Authors: Guo Feng , Zou Fumin , Luo Sijie , Chen Haobin , Yu Xiang , Zhang Cheng , Liao Lyuchao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of expressway Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) technology in China, the expressway management system is becoming digital and intelligent, which provides a solid foundation for expressway vehicle infrastructure cooperation and autonomous driving. The gantry position is the key part of the ETC system. However, there are still some problems (e.g. gantry position missing or false), which can seriously affect the intelligent development of expressways. To address these two issues, an ETC gantry positioning method is proposed. First, the ETC transaction data and the GPS data on expressways are preprocessed to remove abnormal data and retrieve missed data. Then, combined with Dead Reckoning (DR) and Median Center, the potential position of the gantry is calculated from ETC transaction data and GPS data. Finally, the switching strategy based on Kalman Filter (KF) is used to capture the final gantry position. By comparing the results of the proposal with the collected gantry position, it is found that the positioning error of the gantry position calculated by this proposal is about 37 m. The positioning accuracy is 98.78% with the threshold of 100 m. The experimental results show that the proposal can effectively locate the expressway gantry.
Smart grid security: Attacks and defence techniques
Authors: Kim Yoonjib , Hakak Saqib , Ghorbani Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe smart grid (SG) consists of three main components, that is, Information Technology (IT), Operational Technology (OT), and Advanced Metring Infrastructure (AMI). Due to the integration of these components, electricity is efficiently managed and transmitted. Over the past few years, cyberattacks on the SG have risen. Several studies are being conducted to mitigate these attacks. A survey on cyberattacks on IT, OT, and AMI is conducted. We have also identified new research challenges and explored future research directions.
COPHYD (Corona Owed Physical Deficiency): The Impact of Lockdown on
Cardiopulmonary Function in Paediatric Cardiology Patients
Authors: Stäbler Tim , Weigelt Annika , Rottermann Kathrin , Wällisch Wolfgang , Hübner Matthias , Dittrich Sven , Schöffl Isabelle 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction Due to the Corona-lockdowns the closure of sports facilities
and schools has led to a decline in physical activity (PA) for months. PA is
essential for maintaining cardiopulmonary function assessed by peak oxygen
uptake. Since peak oxygen uptake represents the best predictor for mortality and
morbidity in children with congenital heart disease the impact of lockdowns on
this parameter is vital.
Methods We evaluated retrospectively cardiopulmonary exercise data from
our patient collective from before lockdown with twin-paired data from during
lockdown. The twin-pairing was achieved by matching patients with similar heart
disease, age, sex, and test method. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was
achieved on either the treadmill or the bicycle.
Results We were able to twin-pair 90 cases (26 twins with heart disease
and 19 healthy twins). There was a significant decrease of cardiopulmonary
function (V̇O2peak: 35.7±9.8 vs.30.4±10.6) in
the heart disease cohort along with a significant decrease in peak oxygen pulse
(13.3±4.1 vs. 11.4±4.5), and peak minute ventilation (V
̇E: 83.05±29.08 vs.71,49±24.96). The healthy children
improved over the timeframe, but this only reached significance for peak minute
ventilation (81.72±25.79 vs.97.94±31.4).
Conclusion We observed a significant decline of peak oxygen uptake during
lockdown in the group of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients. This involved
a loss of cardiac function as well as pulmonary function. This could be
explained by limited access to sports facilities and restriction of regular
daily movement due to school closure and overprotection. Healthy children
improved their pulmonary function. This might be an indication of an improvement
of exercise during confinement.
Aktualisierte AWMF Leitlinie über die Diagnostik und Therapie
der akuten lymphoblastische Leukämie im Kindesalter
Authors: Escherich Gabriele , Schrappe Martin 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Überlebensraten der akuten lymphoblastischen Leukämie (ALL)
im Kindesalter erreichen heutzutage in Abhängigkeit von den initialen
Risikofaktoren im Durchschnitt 85% . Die erfolgreiche Behandlung dieser
schweren Erkrankung beruht auf der Entwicklung mul-timodaler Therapiekonzepte,
auf der Basis einer sich stetig verbesserten molekulargeneti-schen
Characterisierung der Erkrankung mit der Identifizierung neuer Risikofaktoren.
Die Diagnostik des Therapieansprechens und die daraus resultierende
Stratifizierung der Patien-ten in unterschiedliche Therapiestrata spielt eine
weitere wesentliche Rolle für diesen Fort-schritt. Durch
risikoadaptierte Therapieansätze können darüber hinaus
therapieassoziierte Komplikationen und Spätfolgen minimiert werden. In
den kommenden Jahre wird es das Ziel sein, die Heilungsrate von Patienten mit
ungünstiger Prognose zu verbessern. Die Entwick-lung von
immuntherapeutischen Ansätzen, deren Stellenwert im Rahmen der ALL
Therapie gegenwärtig in klinischen Studien geprüft wird,
können hier eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
Drug-Resistant E. coli Causing UTI and Its Homoeopathic Management: Two Evidence-Based Case Reports
Authors: Ponnam Hima Bindu , Jagadabhi Santosh Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) comprise a troublesome array of symptomatology accounting for disruption in the quality of life of an individual to a significant extent. Increasing prevalence of the drug-resistant microbes in UTIs poses a major concern for treatment to the medical fraternity. Homoeopathy offers a safe and effective treatment option for treating a broad spectrum of multidrug-resistant diseases.
Patient Profile Two patients presented with acute UTI for homoeopathic consultation. The conventional treatment options taken with rigorous antibiotic medications could not stop the frequent relapses and prolonged suffering. Indicated homoeopathic medicine was prescribed for the cases based on the characteristic symptoms. The improvement was assessed symptomatically and by urine culture reports. The outcome has been further verified through outcome in relation to impact on daily living (ORIDL).
Result Homoeopathic medicine showed marked improvement in both cases by not only alleviating the symptoms of infection subjectively but also resolving the Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial infection confirmed through objective evidence of urine culture report.
Conclusion Homoeopathic medicine found to be effective in relieving the acute UTI caused by antibiotic-resistant E. coli.
Approach of Individualised Medicine in a Complicated Case of Cholelithiasis, Elongated Uterus with Ovarian Cyst—An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Pandey Swati , Pandit Raj K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGallstones are the most common biliary pathology. They are formed because of abnormal bile composition. Symptomatic gallstones present as pain in the right upper quadrant or epigastric region, which may radiate to the back. Ultrasonography of the gallbladder is very accurate in the identification of gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimal-access approach for the removal of the gallbladder together with its stones. A 28-year-old lady presented with complaints of pain in the right upper quadrant of abdomen, which was relieved by pressure, nausea and occasionally vomiting especially after having a rich meal for 1 month with constant dull pain in lower abdomen during menses for 2 to 3 months. Her ultrasonography of whole abdomen revealed cholelithiasis (stone size 8mm), elongated uterus with left ovarian cyst. Individualised medicine Natrum muriaticum was prescribed in a centesimal scale which showed a positive effect in the case within a short span of time. Causal attribution of changes in her condition to the homoeopathic treatment was assessed by Modified Naranjo Criteria. Future observational studies and randomised control trials are suggested to ascertain the efficacy of homoeopathic medicine in such cases.