bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsibility and vaccine nationalism in the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict
Authors: Lederman Zohar , Majadli Ghada , Lederman Shmuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article we articulate a case from moral responsibility to assist Palestinians living in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). We contextualize this responsibility by focusing on access to healthcare and the provision of vaccines against COVID‐19. We specifically present two arguments from responsibility, one that is global or cosmopolitan, and one that is country‐specific. For the latter, we focus on Israel.
Use of conditional prey attack strategies in two generalist ground spider species
Authors: Beydizada Narmin , Řezáč Milan , Pekár Stano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGeneralist predators have evolved a variety of behavioural adaptations in prey capture to effectively subdue different prey types. Such predators use a conditional hunting strategy. Among spiders, representatives of Gnaphosidae are known to use either venom attack (subduing prey with venom) or silk attack (subduing prey with silk). In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis of the conditional use of prey capture strategy (venom versus silk attack) in two species, Drassodes sp. and Zelotes sp. We also measured the size of their venom glands and the number of their piriform glands in order to reveal whether behavioural adaptations are paralleled with morphological ones. As prey, we used other spiders of variable sizes as these are considered dangerous prey. We found that Drassodes used mainly silk attack, while the majority of Zelotes used venom attack. The probability of using silk attack increased with predator/prey body length ratio in Drassodes, but not in Zelotes. Then, we disabled silk use in individuals of both species. All disabled Drassodes used venom attack, but about half of individuals attempted to use silk attack first. All Zelotes used venom attack, and none attempted to use silk attack first. We found significantly larger venom glands in Drassodes than in Zelotes, while the number of piriform silk glands was similar. The behavioural adaptations are, thus, not paralleled with morphological (i.e., venom and silk gland size) ones. Our results suggest that both Drassodes and Zelotes can use both attack strategies with similar efficacy.
Influence of concrete cover thickness and clear distance between tensile bars on crack spacing behavior of large‐scale reinforced concrete members
Authors: Naotunna Chavin N. , Samarakoon S. M. Samindi M. K. , Fosså Kjell T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCrack spacing is a governing parameter in predicting the crack width of reinforced concrete (RC) specimens. Recent studies have identified that the “no‐slip” theory is suitable for discussing the actual cracking behavior of RC specimens. Concrete cover (c) and the clear distance between tensile bars (s) are the governing crack spacing parameters, according to the “no‐slip” theory. The parameter s has not been considered in widely used crack spacing models including Eurocode. An experimental program has been conducted, using large‐scale RC specimens to investigate the behavior of c and s on crack spacings. These experiments have been numerically simulated with 3D nonlinear finite element models for the verification of results. The experimental results showed that both c and s have an influence on the crack spacings and therefore to the crack widths. An equation has been developed with multiple linear regression analysis, and its predations gave a good agreement with the experimental results in the literature.
Evaluating the Economics of Managed Aquifer Recharge Systems
Authors: Brand Cortney C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractManaged aquifer recharge (MAR) is gaining popularity as a strategy to conjunctively manage groundwater, surface water, and reclaimed water resources. However, when evaluating the feasibility of MAR systems, there is a tendency to focus on technical aspects such as water compatibility, recharge rates, mounding and migration, treatment, and facility siting and design. Although these are critically important, it is equally important to evaluate the economics of MAR systems prior to investing in their development. A robust economic evaluation at the feasibility stage can help to identify the preferred alternative and reveal valuable insights to optimize system sizing, phasing, and operations. This article provides a practical guide for evaluating the economics of MAR systems and summarizes key takeaways gathered from conducting economic evaluations for a wide variety of proposed MAR system projects.
Persistent phrenic nerve palsy after atrial fibrillation ablation: Follow‐up data from The Netherlands Heart Registration
Authors: Mol Daniel , Renskers Lisanne , Balt Jippe C. , Bhagwandien Rohit E. , Blaauw Yuri , van Driel Vincent J. H. M. , Driessen Antoine H. G. , Elvan Arif , Folkeringa Richard , Hassink Rutger J. , Hooft van Huysduynen Bart , Luermans Justin G. L. M. , Stevenhagen Jeroen Y. , van der Voort Pepijn H. , Westra Sjoerd W. , de Groot Joris R. , de Jong Jonas S. S. G. ,   The Netherlands Heart Registration Ablation Committee
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersistent phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) is an established complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, especially during cryoballoon and thoracoscopic ablation. Data on persistent PNP reversibility is limited because most patients recover <24 h. This study aims to investigate persistent PNP recovery, freedom of PNP‐related symptoms after AF ablation and identify baseline variables associated with the occurrence and early PNP recovery in a large nationwide registry study.MethodsIn this study, we used data from the Netherlands Heart Registration, comprising data from 9549 catheter and thoracoscopic AF ablations performed in 2016 and 2017. PNP data was available of 7433 procedures, and additional follow‐up data were collected for patients who developed persistent PNP.ResultsOverall, the mean age was 62 ± 10 years, and 67.7% were male. Fifty‐four (0.7%) patients developed persistent PNP and follow‐up was available in 44 (81.5%) patients. PNP incidence was 0.07%, 0.29%, 1.41%, and 1.25%, respectively for patients treated with conventional‐RF, phased‐RF, cryoballoon, and thoracoscopic ablation respectively. Seventy‐one percent of the patients fully recovered, and 86% were free of PNP‐related symptoms after a median follow‐up of 203 (113–351) and 184 (82–359) days, respectively. Female sex, cryoballoon, and thoracoscopic ablation were associated with a higher risk to develop PNP. Patients with PNP recovering ≤180 days had a larger left atrium volume index than those with late or no recovery.ConclusionAfter AF ablation, persistent PNP recovers in the majority of patients, and most are free of symptoms. Female patients and patients treated with cryoballoon or thoracoscopic ablation are more prone to develop PNP.
Outcome and safety of intracardiac echocardiography guided left atrial appendage closure within zero‐fluoroscopy atrial fibrillation ablation procedures
Authors: Chen Yi‐He , Wang Liang‐Guo , Zhou Xiao‐Dong , Fang Ying , Su Lan , Wu Sheng‐Jie , Huang Wei‐Jian , Xiao Fang‐Yi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSimultaneous atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation and left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) are sometimes recommended for both rhythm control and stroke prevention. However, the advantages of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) guidance for this combined procedure have been scarcely reported. We aim to evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety of ICE‐guided LAAC within a zero‐fluoroscopy catheter ablation procedure.Methods and ResultsFrom April 2019 to April 2020, 56 patients with symptomatic AF underwent concomitant catheter ablation and LAAC. ICE with a multi‐angled imaging protocol mimicking the TEE echo windows was used to guide LAAC. Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation and LAAC were achieved in all patients. Procedure‐related adverse event rate was 3.6%. During the 12‐month follow‐up, 75.0% of patients became free of arrhythmia recurrences and oral anticoagulants were discontinued in 96.4% of patients. No ischemic stroke occurred despite two cases of device‐related thrombosis versus an expected stroke rate of 4.8% based on the CHA2DS2‐VASc score. The overall major bleeding events rate was 1.8%, which represented a relative reduction of 68% versus an expected bleeding rate of 5.7% based on the HAS‐BLED score of the patient cohort. The incidence of iatrogenic atrial septal defect secondary to single transseptal access dropped from 57.9% at 2 months to 4.2% at 12 months TEE follow‐up.ConclusionThe combination of catheter ablation and LAAC under ICE guidance was safe and effective in AF patients with high stroke risk. ICE with our novel protocol was technically feasible for comprehensive and systematic assessment of device implantation.
Fat‐1 expression alleviates atherosclerosis in transgenic rabbits
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Wang Xiaojing , Sun Suping , Fu Yu , Wu Yi , Zhao Sihai , Fan Xinzhong , Liu Enqi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. The Fat‐1 gene can express the n‐3 fatty acid desaturase, which converts n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to n‐3 PUFAs. The role of n‐3 PUFAs in atherosclerosis is widely debated. This study explored the effect of n‐3 PUFAs on atherosclerosis in rabbits. In this study, atherosclerosis was induced in Fat‐1 transgenic rabbits and their littermate (WT) rabbits by feeding a high‐cholesterol diet containing 0.3% cholesterol and 3% soybean oil for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid, fatty acid and pathological analyses of atherosclerotic lesions were conducted. Fatty acid composition in the liver and muscle showed that n‐3 PUFAs increased and n‐6 PUFAs decreased in the Fat‐1 group. Plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels were significantly increased in the Fat‐1 group, and the atherosclerotic lesion area of the aortic arch in Fat‐1 transgenic rabbits was significantly reduced. Histological analysis showed that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in atherosclerotic lesions decreased significantly. In conclusion, n‐3 PUFAs improve atherosclerosis in Fat‐1 transgenic rabbits, and this process may depend on the increase in plasma HDL‐C and the decrease in the amount of SMCs in atherosclerotic plaques.
Conditional Equity Premium and Aggregate Corporate Investment
Authors: GUO HUI , QIU BUHUI 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe document a strong negative relation between aggregate corporate investment and conditional equity premium estimated from direct stock market risk measures. Consistent with the investment‐based asset pricing model, the comovement with conditional equity premium fully accounts for aggregate investment's market return predictive power. Similarly, conditional equity premium is a significant determinant of classic Tobin's q measure, although q has much weaker explanatory power for aggregate investment possibly because of its measurement errors. Moreover, the positive relation between aggregate investment and investor sentiment documented in previous studies reflects the fact that both variables correlate closely with conditional equity premium.
Changes in the neck tissue layers during pinch manipulation: Implications for lipolytic deoxycholate injections for double chin
Authors: Oh Seung Min , Kim Bong Cheol , Hong Gi Woong , Jung Wonsug 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe skin of the neck is often pinched during minimally invasive esthetic procedures for the double chin using a lipolytic agent in order to facilitate injecting into the subcutaneous fat layer rather than under the platysma muscle. However, how the neck tissue layers move during the pinch manipulation is not well understood.AimsTo determine which layer of the neck is lifted during pinching and to evaluate the usefulness of the pinch manipulation during injection therapy.MethodsThe pinched submentum of a living person was scanned using MRI, and ultrasonography was also performed in the same area in both resting and pressed states. At four sites on a fresh cadaver, the skin of the neck was pinched and the elevated neck skin was excised. The exposed areas were grossly examined.ResultsMRI scanning revealed that the pinch manipulation extended the subcutaneous fat layer and moved the platysma muscle to a deeper location. Ultrasonography revealed that the thickness of each layer of the neck was reduced when pressing the neck. In the cadaver examination, pinching resulted in part of the subcutaneous fat lifting, and this was removed when the lifted skin was cut, leaving the platysma muscle intact.ConclusionsWhen performing an esthetic procedure that involves injecting a lipolytic agent into the submental area, the pinch manipulation is a very useful technique for ensuring a safe procedure that avoids injecting into the deep layer under the platysma muscle.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in the obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: Detection and antibodies profile at the Maternity and Neonatal Medicine Center of Monastir, Tunisia
Authors: Khefacha Linda , Rassas Rania , Bergaoui Haifa , Mustapha Henda , Faleh Raja , Sakly Nabil , Sassi Mouna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to implement lupus anticoagulant (LAC) detection techniques according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) recommendations, in the Biological Laboratory of the Maternity and Neonatal Medicine Center (Monastir, Tunisia) and to evaluate the profile and the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS).MethodsWe collected two groups: a “case group” (53 women who presented one or more obstetrical criteria of APS) and a “control group.” LAC was detected following the four steps recommended by ISTH 2009. Anticardiolipin (aCL) and antibeta‐2‐glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) antibodies testing were performed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsaPL were found in five patients: three patients with isolated LAC, one patient with isolated IgG aCL, and one patient with triple positivity (LAC, aCL IgM, aβ2GPI IgM). Concerning LAC, 13 (24.52%) of 53 patients had a screening step with at least one positive test. The mixing step was positive in four patients and then confirmed in the confirmatory test. Thus, the prevalence of LAC in our study group is 7.54%. Surprisingly, among these positive patients, one patient had an associated combined factor V (FV) and factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency.ConclusionThere is no single test and no algorithm that can detect all types of LAC. It seems that the recent 2020 ISTH algorithm allows a better detection of low activity LAC than the 2009 algorithm. In our study, the most frequently identified antiphospholipid antibodies were LAC more than aCL and aβ2GPI.
What Kind of Paintings Inspire Children when Viewing Art?
Authors: Ishiguro Chiaki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractViewing art inspires creativity, which can encourage learning in art education. A previous study revealed that the type of artwork and the way art is viewed affects adults' inspiration; however, no study exists concerning the way children are inspired by viewing art. Thus, the current study aimed to examine whether children's age group/grade level, art style (figurative or abstract), and artwork creators (children or adults) influence children's inspiration, and whether the effects of the art style and creators vary by children's age group/grade level. An online questionnaire survey was conducted with the help of 600 pairs of parents and their elementary‐school‐aged children. They were asked to view eight paintings that differed in terms of the artists and their individual style and they then rated their inspiration experience when viewing each artwork. The results revealed that children were more inspired when viewing abstract, rather than figurative, paintings, and the effect of the type of painting differed in the third and sixth grades. Additionally, children gained more inspiration by viewing paintings created by children rather than by adults; a difference observed in all grade levels.
Local adaptation and migratory habits balance spatial‐genetic structure between continental and insular chestnut tiger butterflies in East Asia
Authors: Luo Min‐Xin , Lu Hsin‐Pei , Huang Bing‐Hong , Huang Chia‐Lung , Hsu Yu‐Feng , Liao Pei‐Chun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGeographic and climatic differences between islands and continents may affect the evolution of their biota, and promote divergent selection in species distributed in both landscapes. To assess spatial‐genetic structure, we genotyped 18 expressed sequence tag‐simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) loci and sequenced two mtDNA markers (ND5 and COI) and one nuclear marker (EF1α) in two subspecies of the butterfly Parantica sita. Compared with nuclear markers, mtDNA had a stronger signal of population structure. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) suggested that a continuous‐gene‐flow model best described the data. According to this model, the two subspecies diverged approximately 23.1 kya, with 10 times more introgression from the continental (ssp. sita) to the insular subspecies (ssp. niphonica) than vice versa. Ecological niche modelling was performed to predict the paleo‐ and current potential distributions and elucidate the geohistorical process, which revealed a northeastern, insular origin. Winter precipitation and annual temperature range were the main determinants of the subspecies distributions. Maximum‐likelihood population‐effects models showed that the population differentiation of the insular and continental subspecies was primarily affected by environmental resistance and local climate. Sex‐biased migration capacity and long‐term precipitation‐driven divergence between the continental and insular lineages shaped the current genetic structure of P. sita. Evidence from the nuclear markers confirmed intersubspecific gene flow despite adaptive divergence between the subspecies. These results imply that the continental subspecies is still capable of returning to the island and introgressing with the insular subspecies.
Ascetical Theology of Sport
Authors: McGavin P. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the document of Giving the Best of Yourself by the Dicastery for Laity, Family and Life, and presents an appreciation of the document and builds a case for sport as a practice of ascetical theology approached in terms of ‘everyday holiness’. Sports are argued as bringing together discipline and joy, and aesthetics and asceticism. The importance of the mean in diverting pathologies in sport is argued. Appreciation of sports is set in contexts of holistic lifestyles for its transformational and sanctification aspects to be appreciated. Sports are presented as beneficial life-long activity, and not simply for the young and physically advantaged. The article brings sport to theological articulation that is incarnational and christological and that leads to culturally situated implementations as applied ascetical theology.
Presidential Control of Independent Agencies’ Leadership and Personnel: A Two‐Case Study of Interbranch Contestation over the Bureaucracy and the Unitary Executive under Donald Trump
Authors: Dodds Graham G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article assesses recent developments in the interbranch struggle over control of the bureaucracy, specifically independent federal agencies and the impact of the unitary executive theory during the presidency of Donald Trump. It examines controversies that involved two Supreme Court cases about independent agencies: Lucia v. SEC (2018), which addressed administrative law judges and the president's appointment power, and Seila Law v. CFPB (2020), which addressed agency leadership and the president's removal power. The two cases have received some attention from legal scholars, but they are not well known among presidency scholars, and they are important for understanding how the unitary executive theory and the interbranch struggle over control of the bureaucracy have developed in recent years.
A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Recognition Method of Gear Performance Degradation Mode
Authors: He Bin , Xu Fuze , Zhang Dong , Wang Weijia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In an increasingly intelligent modern society, whether in industrial production activities or daily life, mechanical transmission equipment is more and more widely used. Once a failure occurs, it will not only cause the stagnation of industrial production, bring huge economic losses and environmental pollution, but may also cause casualties. Therefore, it is particularly important to identify and monitor the performance degradation of mechanical equipment. Based on the convolutional neural network (CNN), a stacking incremental deformable residual block network recognition model is proposed. This method converts the one-dimensional signal recognition problem into an image recognition problem. The average pooling layer replaces the fully connected layer, and the large-size convolution kernel is replaced with a small-size convolution kernel. With the recognition of the gear performance degradation modes, the experiment proves that the multi-channel recognition model has a better recognition effect.
An Electromyography-Based Constitutive Law for Force Generation in Skeletal Muscle—Part I: Model Development
Authors: Knodel Nathan B. , Lawson L. Brie , Nauman Eric A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a new method for estimating skeletal muscle forces using a model derived from dimensional analysis. It incorporates electromyography signals and muscle force–length, force–velocity, and force–frequency relationships as inputs. The purpose of this model is to provide more accurate estimates of individualized muscle forces to better predict surrounding musculoskeletal tissue and joint contact loading. The derivation begins with dimensional analysis and a selection of critical parameters that define muscle force generation. The resulting constitutive equation gives way to a unique application of inverse-dynamics, one which avoids the issue of indeterminacy when reaction moments and ligament loading are minimized in a joint. The ankle joint is used as an example for developing the equations that culminate into a system of linear equations. A muscle force model capable of being calibrated and then used to predict joint contact and surrounding tissue loading is critical in advancing biomechanics research areas like injury prevention, performance optimization, and tissue engineering, among others. This model's foundation in dimensional analysis, along with its inclusion of electromyography signals, gives promise that it will be physiologically relevant and suitable for application-based studies. A following paper, Part II, will evaluate this premise in an experimental setting.