bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Probiotic or Not to Probiotic: A Metagenomic Comparison of the Discharge Gut Microbiome of Infants Supplemented With Probiotics in NICU and Those Who Are Not
Authors: Westaway Jacob A. F. , Huerlimann Roger , Kandasamy Yoga , Miller Catherine M. , Norton Robert , Watson David , Infante-Vilamil Sandra , Rudd Donna 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPreterm birth is associated with the development of both acute and chronic disease, and the disruption of normal gut microbiome development. Recent studies have sought to both characterize and understand the links between disease and the microbiome. Probiotic treatment may correct for these microbial imbalances and, in turn, mitigate disease. However, the criteria for probiotic supplementation in NICU's in North Queensland, Australia limits its usage to the most premature (&lt;32 weeks gestation) and small for gestational age infants (&lt;1,500 g). Here we use a combination of amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to compare the gut microbiome of infants who fulfill the criteria for probiotic-treatment and those who do not. The aims of this study were to determine if probiotic-supplemented preterm infants have significantly different taxonomic and functional profiles when compared to non-supplemented preterm infants at discharge.MethodsPreterm infants were recruited in North Queensland, Australia, with fecal samples collected just prior to discharge (36 ± 0.5 weeks gestation), to capture potential changes that could be probiotic induced. All samples underwent 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, with a subset also used for shotgun metagenomics. Mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of probiotics on alpha diversity, beta diversity and taxonomic abundance, whilst accounting for other known covariates.ResultsMixed effects modeling demonstrated that probiotic treatment had a significant effect on overall community composition (beta diversity), characterized by greater alpha diversity and differing abundances of several taxa, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, in supplemented infants.ConclusionLate preterm-infants who go without probiotic-supplementation may be missing out on stabilizing-effects provided through increased alpha diversity and the presence of commensal microbes, via the use of probiotic-treatment. These findings suggest that late-preterm infants may benefit from probiotic supplementation. More research is needed to both understand the consequences of the differences observed and the long-term effects of this probiotic-treatment.
Pruritus: A Sensory Symptom Generated in Cutaneous Immuno-Neuronal Crosstalk
Authors: Szöllősi Attila Gábor , Oláh Attila , Lisztes Erika , Griger Zoltán , Tóth Balázs István 
Published: March 2022

Pruritus or itch generated in the skin is one of the most widespread symptoms associated with various dermatological and systemic (immunological) conditions. Although many details about the molecular mechanisms of the development of both acute and chronic itch were uncovered in the last 2 decades, our understanding is still incomplete and the clinical management of pruritic conditions is one of the biggest challenges in daily dermatological practice. Recent research revealed molecular interactions between pruriceptive sensory neurons and surrounding cutaneous cell types including keratinocytes, as well as resident and transient cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Especially in inflammatory conditions, these cutaneous cells can produce various mediators, which can contribute to the excitation of pruriceptive sensory fibers resulting in itch sensation. There also exists significant communication in the opposite direction: sensory neurons can release mediators that maintain an inflamed, pruritic tissue-environment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the sensory transduction of pruritus detailing the local intercellular interactions that generate itch. We especially emphasize the role of various pruritic mediators in the bidirectional crosstalk between cutaneous non-neuronal cells and sensory fibers. We also list various dermatoses and immunological conditions associated with itch, and discuss the potential immune-neuronal interactions promoting the development of pruritus in the particular diseases. These data may unveil putative new targets for antipruritic pharmacological interventions.
Risk Scoring System for Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Kim Jee Yun , Kim Kyun Young , Yee Jeong , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: March 2022

Vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major challenge for patients and clinicians. This study aimed to construct a risk scoring system for vancomycin-associated AKI. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin from June 2018 to July 2019. We selected possible risk factors for AKI by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses and developed a scoring system for vancomycin-associated AKI. Machine learning methods were utilized to predict risk factors for the occurrence of AKI. The incidence of vancomycin-associated AKI was 31.7% among 104 patients included in this study. A bodyweight ≤60 kg (two points), a Charlson comorbidity index ≥3 (two points), a vancomycin trough serum level &gt;15 μg/ml (one point), and concomitant use of ≥6 nephrotoxic agents (two points) were included to construct a risk scoring system based on the coefficient from the logistic regression model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) (mean, 95% confidence interval (CI)) across 10 random iterations using five-fold cross-validated multivariate logistic regression, elastic net, random forest, support vector machine (SVM)-linear kernel, and SVM-radial kernel models was 0.735 (0.638–0.833), 0.737 (0.638–0.835), 0.721 (0.610–0.833), 0.739 (0.648–0.829), and 0.733 (0.640–0.826), respectively. For total scores of 0–1, 2–3, 4–5, 6–7, the risk of vancomycin-associated AKI was 5, 25, 45, and 65%, respectively. Our scoring system can be applied to clinical settings in which several nephrotoxic agents are used along with vancomycin therapy.
Prior Cardiovascular Treatments—A Key Characteristic in Determining Medication Adherence After an Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Campain Anna , Hockham Carinna , Sukkar Louisa , Rogers Kris , Chow Clara K , Lung Thomas , Jun Min , Pollock Carol , Cass Alan , Sullivan David , Comino Elizabeth , Peiris David , Jardine Meg 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To investigate long-term adherence to guideline-recommended cardioprotective medications following hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and identify characteristics associated with adherence.Methods: An Australian population-based cohort study was used to identify participants who had their first AMI between 2006 and 2014 and were alive after 12 months. Linked routinely collected hospital, and prescription medication claims data was used to study adherence over time. Predictors and rates of adherence to both lipid-lowering medication and renin-angiotensin system blockade at 12 months post-AMI was assessed.Results: 14,200 people (mean age 69.9 years, 38.7% female) were included in our analysis. At 12 months post-AMI, 29.5% (95% CI: 28.8–30.3%) of people were adherent to both classes of medication. Individuals receiving treatment with both lipid-lowering medication and renin-angiotensin system blockade during the 6 months prior to their AMI were over 9 times more likely to be adherent to both medications at 12 months post-AMI (66.2% 95% CI: 64.8–67.5%) compared to those with no prior medication use (treatment naïve) (7.1%, 95% CI: 6.4–7.9%). Prior cardiovascular treatment was the strongest predictor of long-term adherence even after adjusting for age, sex, education and income.Conclusions: Despite efforts to improve long-term medication adherence in patients who have experienced an acute coronary event, considerable gaps remain. Of particular concern are people who are commencing guideline-recommended cardioprotective medication at the time of their AMI. The relationship between prior cardiovascular treatments and post AMI adherence offers insight into the support needs for the patient. Health care intervention strategies, strengthened by enabling policies, are needed to provide support to patients through the initial months following their AMI.
What Matters for Depression and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Quarantine?: Results of an Online Cross-Sectional Survey in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Kwon Hye-Young , Kim Yongjoo , Lee Seung-Young 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAmid the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine measures are key to containing the spread of the virus. Millions of people have been required to quarantine throughout the pandemic; the quarantine itself is considered detrimental to mental health conditions.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the factors associated with depression and anxiety among quarantined people in Seoul, South Korea.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was administered from October to November 2020 involving people who were living in Seoul, aged 19 years or above, under a 2-week mandatory quarantine. Their mental health status was measured using the Patient Health Questionnares-9 (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7).ResultsOverall, 1,135 respondents were finally included, resulting in a 22.0% response rate. After controlling for potential confounders, variables, such as the “second half of quarantine period” (OR = 1.78 95% CI: 1.10–2.88), “female” (OR = 1.91 95% CI: 1.16–3.16), and “having pre-existing depression” (OR = 8.03 95% CI: 2.96–21.78) were significantly associated with depression while being quarantined. Those with correct knowledge about the rationale behind for the quarantine (OR = 0.39 95% CI: 0.21–0.72), an understanding of quarantine rules (OR = 0.68 95%CI: 0.52–0.91), and those who felt supported by others (OR = 0.74 95% CI: 0.55–0.99) were less likely to develop depression while quarantining. Similarly, anxiety was significantly associated with the second week (OR = 4.18 95% CI: 1.44–12.09), those with an unstable job status (OR = 3.95 95% CI: 1.60–9.79), perceived support (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45–0.96), and the fear of being infected (OR = 7.22 95% CI: 1.04–49.95).ConclusionsThis study highlights the need to develop precautionary measures to prevent depression and anxiety among people undergoing COVID-19 quarantine. In particular, individuals with depression prior to quarantine should be carefully monitored during the quarantine. Further studies with larger populations are needed.
Rationale and Description of Implementation of Regional Collaborative Service Model for Enhancing Psychosocial Wellbeing of Children and Families—Oulu Collective Impact Study
Authors: Takalo Tuula , Räsänen Sami , Hakko Helinä , Juutinen Aapo , Niemelä Mika 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe psychosocial wellbeing of children and adolescents is an ongoing global concern. Despite positive outcomes of child- and family-focused programs, the fragmentation of services presents challenges. To enhance harmonization and diminish fragmentation of service policies, we implement a preventive collaborative service model for children and families. The rationale for our study is based on analyses of national and local data before implementing the service model in the pilot area.MethodsThe need for a preventive service model for children and families was demonstrated using national and local data sources. First, a national school health survey was utilized to screen adolescents' perceptions of their depressive symptoms and support. Second, time trends in child and adolescent psychiatric and child protection service use were investigated. For these aims, epidemiological data of the study area (city of Oulu) were compared with data from the whole country (Finland). Third, local usage data of the preventive stand-alone Let's Talk About Children (LT) intervention before the service model implementation were evaluated. After these analyses, Let's Talk About Children Service Model (LT-SM) implementation in the pilot area is described in detail.ResultsThe background data showed that 17% of the adolescents in the study area had reported depressive symptoms, and almost half of them had not received professional help. Child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient visits had increased during the last decade, but the number of visits remains lower in the study area compared with the country as a whole. The number of adolescent psychiatric inpatient days had increased contrary to a decreasing national trend. The number of urgent child welfare placements was also higher compared with the whole country. The local LT intervention data revealed very low utilization rates. These results indicated a necessity to enhance preventive and collaborative support for children and their families. This article describes the implementation of the LT-SM.DiscussionWe demonstrated excessive use of curative services in social and health care and insufficient usage of the stand-alone preventive intervention. The LT-SM is now piloted in one regional service area of the city of Oulu. Its effectiveness will be evaluated when enough data have been accumulated for statistical analyses.
A Robotic Test Rig for Performance Assessment of Prosthetic Joints
Authors: Etoundi Appolinaire C. , Dobner Alexander , Agrawal Subham , Semasinghe Chathura L. , Georgilas Ioannis , Jafari Aghil 
Published: March 2022

Movement within the human body is made possible by joints connecting two or more elements of the musculoskeletal system. Losing one or more of these connections can seriously limit mobility, which in turn can lead to depression and other mental issues. This is particularly pertinent due to a dramatic increase in the number of lower limb amputations resulting from trauma and diseases such as diabetes. The ideal prostheses should re-establish the functions and movement of the missing body part of the patient. As a result, the prosthetic solution has to be tested stringently to ensure effective and reliable usage. This paper elaborates on the development, features, and suitability of a testing rig that can evaluate the performance of prosthetic and robotic joints via cyclic dynamic loading on their complex movements. To establish the rig’s validity, the knee joint was chosen as it provides both compound support and movement, making it one of the major joints within the human body, and an excellent subject to ensure the quality of the prosthesis. Within the rig system, a motorised lead-screw simulates the actuation provided by the hamstring-quadricep antagonist muscle pair and the flexion experienced by the joint. Loads and position are monitored by a load cell and proximity sensors respectively, ensuring the dynamics conform with the geometric model and gait analysis.Background: Robotics, Prosthetics, Mechatronics, Assisted Living.Methods: Gait Analysis, Computer Aided Design, Geometry Models.Conclusion: Modular Device, Streamlining Rehabilitation.
Programa juego y aprendo en las nociones matemáticas básicas en niños del nivel inicial
Authors: Paniora Marroquín Yda Juana , Esteban Nieto Nicomedes Teodoro , Paniora Marroquín Fanny María , Escandón López Alsira Lourdes 
Published: March 2022

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los efectos de la aplicación del programa “Juego y aprendo” en el desarrollo de las nociones básicas matemáticas en niños de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial N° 112 Callao. El estudio es método hipotético deductivo, de tipo aplicada, diseño experimental y enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra fue dividida en dos grupos, uno de control y otro experimental, a este último se le aplico en programa “juego y aprendo”, los datos obtenidos se procesaron con el software SPSS versión 22, luego se determinó la prueba de normalidad con el test de Kolmogorov– Smirnov para la estadística inferencial y se empleó el estadístico U de Mann-Whitney que demostró la efectividad del programa “juego y aprendo” en el desarrollo de las nociones básicas matemáticas (Z = - 2,041 y p = 0,041 < 0,05, así como su influencia positiva y significativa en las dimensiones de cuantificadores (Z = -2,205 p = 0,027 < 0,05) y de clasificación (Z = -2,272 y p = 0,023 < 0,05) excepto en la de seriación (Z = - 0,366 y p = 0,715 > 0,05).
planificación estratégica como mejora del desempeño docente en Perú
Authors: Valladares-Durand Stephanie  Marjorie , Soto-Rivera Colbert Martin , Vicuña-Ureta Amilcar  Máximo , Jara-Llanos Gleny  Secibel 
Published: March 2022

Las instituciones educativas, igual que las empresas, debendeposeerunaorganización interna que les permita capitalizar sus fuerzas hacia objetivos específicos; sin embargo, la coyuntura puede modificar las expectativas y estrategias a emplear. Así, todas las instituciones deben tener una planificación estratégica que alinee a los docentes, comprendiendo que la buena gestión educativa garantiza el éxito de toda la comunidad. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es dilucidar el impacto que tiene una buena planificación estratégica en la mejora del desempeño de los docentes del Perú, tomando en consideración: sus características, beneficios y procesos. Para este fin, se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria y análisis datos. Finalmente, gracias a la rigurosa selección de información se pudo concluir que, en efecto, existe una relación directamente proporcional entre planificación estratégica y desempeño docente, expresado en la mejora de tiempo, orden y ejecución.
Suppressed drift and low-noise sensor module with a single-axis gold proof-mass MEMS accelerometer for micro muscle sound measurement
Authors: Onishi Akira , Shibata Kohei , Uchiyama Akihiro , Machida Katsuyuki , Ogata Taiki , Ishihara Noboru , Uchitomi Hirotaka , Chang Tso-Fu Mark , Sone Masato , Miyake Yoshihiro , Ito Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a highly sensitive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer sensor module to measure micro muscle sounds. Regarding the drift mechanism, we focus on charged particles based on residual water related to MEMS fabrication. Based on temperature programmed desorption analysis and electrical experiments, it is clarified that the drift is caused by negatively charged OH− and is suppressed by vacuum packaging. The noise floor can be reduced by the improved sensitivity of the MEMS accelerometer. The developed MEMS accelerometer can realize the sensitivity of 1157.0 fF/G and Brownian noise of 149.0 nG/√Hz. The developed sensor module consisting of the developed MEMS accelerometer and the capacitance to digital converter can achieve a noise floor of 26.7 μG/√Hz without any obvious drifts, establishing the target value of less than 50 μG/√Hz. Therefore, it is confirmed that the developed sensor module can detect micro muscle sounds without contracting a muscle in the frequency range of 20–40 Hz.
Fiebre Tifoidea
Authors: Salguero-González Luisana , Fletcher Ely , Guerrero Alan , Chuy Ana , Morales Estuardo 
Published: March 2022

En la consulta de atención primaria y en las urgencias de los hospitales, el pediatra se enfrenta con frecuencia a niños con episodios febriles recurrentes. La mayoría de las ocasiones el diagnóstico será de infección viral de repetición, pero detrás de este escenario, se pueden ocultar otras etiologías menos frecuentes, como Fiebre Tifoidea (FT) causada por Enterobacterias, las cuales causan dos tipos de cuadros clínicos, Fiebre Entérica (FT) y Salmonelosis no tifoidea. A continuación se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 9 años de edad, con FT a salmonella typhi.
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pekerja di Unit Spinning Perusahaan Manufaktur Kota Cirebon
Authors: Puspandhani Mitha Erlisya 
Published: March 2022

Perusahaan Manufaktur ini adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang industri tekstil pemintalan benang cotton. Dalam proses pemintalan benang menggunakan mesin-mesin yang memiliki potensi kecelakaan cukup besar dilihat dari kecelakaan kerja di Perusahaan manufaktur kota Cirebon dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2014 terdapat kasus kecelakaan kerja sebanyak 47 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan faktor – faktor penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan kerja pada pekerja di unit Spinning Perusahaan Manufaktur Kota Cirebon.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Eksplanatory Research dengan menggunakan rancangan Cross Sectional Study. Populasi ini adalah seluruh pekerja yang bekerja di unit spinning Perusahaan Manufaktur Kota Cirebon yang berjumlah 441 orang. Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling sehingga didapatkan sampel penelitian dengan jumlah 94 orang. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi langsung, data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah secara statistik menggunakan teknik analisis distribusi frekuensi, uji chi square serta analisis regresi logistik.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 20,2% mengalami kecelakaan kerja di uni spinning. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan kecelakaan kerja adalah masa kerja (p-value=0,021), shift kerja (p-value=0,021), beban kerja (p-value=0,024), dan unit kerja dengan (p-value=0,027), variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kecelakaan kerja pada pekerja diunit spinning adalah shift kerja (Exp (B) = 5,733).
Disarankan bagi perusahaan untuk memberikan pengarahan mengenai keselamatan kerja (safety induction) bagi pekerja baru lebih difokuskan pada bahaya dan risiko pekerja pada unit kerja yang akan ditempati serta perusahaan dapat mencukupi ketersediaan APD di unit spinning, menegakan fungsi kontrol dan evaluasi dalam penyediaan APD pada pekerja dan bagi pekerja agar menggunakan APD sesuai dengan SOP yang ada di perusahaan secara konsisten dan sesuai aturan.
Strategi Kepala Sekolah Dalam Pemberdayaan Guru Dan Tenaga Kependidikan di SMAN 1 Narmada
Authors: Hulmiati, M. Ary Irawan, dan Haromain  
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi kepala sekolah dalam pemberdayaan guru dan tenaga kependidikan di SMAN 1 Narmada Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 yang beralamat di Desa Nyurlembang, Kecamatan Narmada, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Provinsi NTB.Teknik pengumpulan data ini berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa strategi kepala sekolah dalam pemberdayaan guru dan tenaga kependidikan di SMAN 1 Narmada yaitu, kepala sekolah menyusun perencanaan dengan baik, kepala sekolah menjadi tauladan, menjalin komunikasi yang baik, memantau pekerjaan setiap hari, meninjau struktur organisasi, mendorong pengembangan pribadi, dan mengevaluasi guru dan tenaga kependidikan. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pemberdayaan faktor pendukung seperti, sarana dan parasaran yang mendukung, finansial yang cukup, disiplin guru dan tenaga kependidikan yang sudah baik. Faktor penghambat dalam pemberdayaan yaitu ada di guru dan tenaga kependidikan sendiri, motivasi diri dalam hal pengetahun teknologi. Model yang diterapkan, mendelegasikan dan melibatkan guru dan tenaga kependidikan dalam kegiatan sekolah, membangun kepercayaan, mendelegasikan tugas penting, dan menghargai kemampuan, dan memberikan tugas yang jelas kepada guru dan tenaga kependidikan.