bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood Damage Assessment to Economic Activities in the Italian Context
Authors: Galliani Marta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the last century the number of floods affecting people increased across Europe, due to both more frequent intense events and the growth of population and urbanization in flood-prone areas. Equipping cities with tools for flood damage assessment is crucial to effectively manage and reduce flood risk. The sector of businesses has a key role in cities development and suffers high losses in case of inundation, but damage appraisal to economic activities is still a challenging task. This study took up the challenge of addressing this topic, with specific reference to direct damage and the Italian context. Two approaches have been implemented: the analysis of about a thousand damage data regarding economic activities in four Italian flood events and the development of damage functions for retail activities by means a synthetic approach. The results led to the identification of the most vulnerable elements of different types of economic activities and provided reference values to assess the order of magnitude of flood damage.
Graphical Abstract
Cold Atom Interferometry in Satellite Geodesy for Sustainable Environmental Management
Authors: Batsukh Khulan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOur Earth is a complex system. By monitoring the integrated geodetic-geodynamic processes, we can understand its sub-systems and geographical distribution of its resources. With the development of space techniques and artificial satellites, satellite geodesy era started, e.g., it became possible to observe a wide range of processes, occurring both on and below the Earth's surface. Such observations can be exploited not only in environmental activities, but also in societal activities like natural disasters monitoring. Thus, satellite geodesy can bring great benefits to “Climate action”, one of the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nation: we can estimate the ice-sheet mass balance and study the impact of climate change by monitoring sea levels. This paper aims to investigate the possible implementation of cold atom sensors for future satellite gravity missions, which would improve our current knowledge of the Earth’s gravity field and contribute into the sustainable environmental management.
Graphical Abstract
Limit Analysis for Masonry Vaults and Domes of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Giangregorio Maria Chiara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe scope of this dissertation is the study of masonry shell structures of cultural heritage through limit analysis. The final aim is to set up computational tools, integrated with experimental observations, for use in the interpretation of observed crack patterns and to study the safety of these structures. The kinematic approach is developed to calculate the limit load and the three-dimensional collapse mechanism of symmetric and skew barrel vaults. The effect of structural strengthening is examined as well. A static discrete model is developed for double curvature and polygonal domes, applying equilibrium at the blocks and strength criteria at interfaces. This allows to study a cracked masonry dome, evaluating the collapse multiplier and mechanism by considering the shell flexural response mechanism. This is used also to analyse the actual behaviour in membrane regime of a dome on reaching the maximum load before cracking. Finally, the polygonal dome supporting a tower of the Chiaravalle Abbey in Milan is analysed.
Graphical Abstract
Amplitudes from Coulomb to Kerr-Taub-NUT
Authors: Emond William T. , Huang Yu-tin , Kol Uri , Moynihan Nathan , O’Connell Donal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electric-magnetic duality, the Newman-Janis shift, and the double copy all act by elementary operations on three-point amplitudes. At the same time, they generate a network of interesting classical solutions spanning from the Coulomb charge via the dyon to the Kerr-Taub-NUT spacetime. We identify the amplitudes corresponding to each of these solutions, working to all orders in spin, but to leading perturbative order. We confirm that the amplitudes double-copy when the solutions are related by the classical double copy. Along the way we show that the Kerr-Taub-NUT solution corresponds to a gravitational electric-magnetic duality rotation acting on the Kerr solution, again to all orders in spin, and demonstrate that the asymptotic charges also transform simply under our operations.
Hadronic vacuum polarization and the MUonE proposal
Authors: Greynat David , de Rafael Eduardo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The MUonE proposal at the CERN SPS consists in extracting the value of the hadronic vacuum polarization self-energy function (HVP) from its contribution to the differential cross-section of elastic muon-electron scattering. The HVP contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment can then be obtained from a weighted integral of the measured HVP self-energy function. This, however, requires a knowledge of the HVP function in its full integration domain. This paper discusses a procedure to reconstruct the HVP function in the regions not directly accessible to measurement. The method is based on the so-called transfer theorems, due to Flajolet and Odlyzko, which we explain and adapt to HVP.
Stonecutting and Early Stereotomy in the Fatimid Walls of Cairo
Authors: Salcedo-Galera Macarena , García-Baño Ricardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBab el Nasr gate, which was built between 1087 and 1092, is one of the three remaining gates in the Cairo Fatimid walls. Inside the walls, there are a great variety of stonework pieces that reveal the stereotomic knowledge of their executors. Specially, the inner space of Bab el Nasr gate is covered by a groin vault which stands out for the accuracy of its construction, despite its early execution date. In order to analyse the geometry and design of its construction, a photogrammetric survey has been carried out with the aim of comparing the solution executed in Bab el Nasr with other contemporary vaults. Furthermore, this paper reviews the Renaissance stonecutting texts and manuscripts which, centuries later, include the proposed solution in Cairo, and which are the basis for the creation of Descriptive Geometry as a discipline.
Two-level fixation with headless compression screws for tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Wagner Robert Kaspar , Kloen Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Reduction and fixation of tibial plateau fractures associated with small, “floating” intra-articular fragments proposes a challenge. We use fully threaded headless compression screws for (interfragmentary) fixation of such fragments before final plate fixation when standard fixation of intra-articular fragments with k-wires or lag screws is deemed insufficient. Our aim is to describe our technique and clinical experience of this two-level fixation.

Methods
Between 2006 and 2021, 29 patients with a comminuted tibial plateau fracture were treated with this two-level fixation in this retrospective case series. Clinical baseline and surgical variables were collected for all patients. Clinical outcome variables were available for 28 patients with a median follow-up of 16.5 months (IQR 5–24). Functional outcomes were measured with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and reported by 22 patients at a median of 5.2 years (IQR 3.5–9.8).

Results
Reduction was anatomic or good in 82% of cases, fair in 14%, and a malreduction in 4%. Arthrosis was graded as grade 0 in 25% of cases, 1 in 39%, 2 in 21%, and 3 in 14%. Flexion was 110 degrees (IQR 100–130). Five patients had an extension deficit of 5 to 10 degrees. Median KOOS for symptoms and stiffness was 69 points (IQR 45–78), for pain 71 (IQR 45–88), for ADL 85 (IQR 52–95), for sports 30 (IQR 11–55), and for quality of life 34 (IQR 19–56).

Conclusion
The use of fully threaded headless compression screws is a simple and helpful addition in the treatment of comminuted tibial plateau fractures.
Geometric dimensionality control of structural components in topology optimization
Authors: Gerzen Nikolai , Mertins Thorsten , Pedersen Claus B. W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present contribution derives a theoretical framework for constructing novel geometrical constraints in the context of density-based topology optimization. Principally, the predefined geometrical dimensionality is enforced locally on the components of the optimized structures. These constraints are defined using the principal values (singular values) from a singular value decomposition of points clouds represented by elemental centroids and the corresponding relative density design variables. The proposed approach is numerically implemented for demonstrating the designing of lattice or membrane-like structures. Several numerical examples confirm the validity of the derived theoretical framework for geometric dimensionality control.
Investigation of the cutting fluid’s flow and its thermomechanical effect on the cutting zone based on fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation
Authors: Liu Hui , Meurer Markus , Schraknepper Daniel , Bergs Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCutting fluids are an important part of today’s metal cutting processes, especially when machining aerospace alloys. They offer the possibility to extend tool life and improve cutting performance. However, the equipment and handling of cutting fluids also raises manufacturing costs. To reduce the negative impact of the high cost of cutting fluids, cooling systems and strategies are constantly being optimized. In most existing works, the influences of different cooling strategies on the relevant process state variables, such as tool wear, cutting forces, chip breakage, etc., are empirically investigated. Due to the limitations of experimental methods, analysis and modeling of the working mechanism has so far only been carried out at a relatively abstract level. For a better understanding of the mechanism of cutting fluids, a thermal coupled two-dimensional simulation approach for the orthogonal cutting process was developed in this work. This approach is based on the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) method and provides a detailed investigation of the cutting fluid’s impact on chip formation and tool temperature. For model validation, cutting tests were conducted on a broaching machine. The simulation resolved the fluid behavior in the cutting area and showed the distribution of convective cooling on the tool surface. This work demonstrates the potential of CEL-based cutting fluid simulation, but also pointed out the shortcomings of this method.
Using reference models in variable selection
Authors: Pavone Federico , Piironen Juho , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Vehtari Aki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVariable selection, or more generally, model reduction is an important aspect of the statistical workflow aiming to provide insights from data. In this paper, we discuss and demonstrate the benefits of using a reference model in variable selection. A reference model acts as a noise-filter on the target variable by modeling its data generating mechanism. As a result, using the reference model predictions in the model selection procedure reduces the variability and improves stability, leading to improved model selection performance. Assuming that a Bayesian reference model describes the true distribution of future data well, the theoretically preferred usage of the reference model is to project its predictive distribution to a reduced model, leading to projection predictive variable selection approach. We analyse how much the great performance of the projection predictive variable is due to the use of reference model and show that other variable selection methods can also be greatly improved by using the reference model as target instead of the original data. In several numerical experiments, we investigate the performance of the projective prediction approach as well as alternative variable selection methods with and without reference models. Our results indicate that the use of reference models generally translates into better and more stable variable selection.
Body composition is associated with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Francke M. I. , Visser W. J. , Severs D. , de Mik - van Egmond A. M. E. , Hesselink D. A. , De Winter B. C. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model may be used to improve tacrolimus dosing and minimize under- and overexposure in kidney transplant recipients. It is unknown how body composition parameters relate to tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and which parameter correlates best with tacrolimus exposure. The aims of this study were to investigate which body composition parameter has the best association with the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and to describe this relationship in a popPK model.

Methods
Body composition was assessed using bio-impedance spectroscopy (BIS). Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM). Lean tissue mass, adipose tissue mass, over-hydration, and phase angle were measured with BIS and then evaluated as covariates. The final popPK model was evaluated using goodness-of-fit plots, visual predictive checks, and a bootstrap analysis.

Results
In 46 kidney transplant recipients, 284 tacrolimus concentrations were measured. The base model without body composition parameters included age, plasma albumin, plasma creatinine, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotypes, and hematocrit as covariates. After full forward inclusion and backward elimination, only the effect of the phase angle on clearance (dOFV =  − 13.406; p < 0.01) was included in the final model. Phase angle was positively correlated with tacrolimus clearance. The inter-individual variability decreased from 41.7% in the base model to 34.2% in the final model. The model was successfully validated.

Conclusion
The phase angle is the bio-impedance spectroscopic parameter that correlates best with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics. Incorporation of the phase angle in a popPK model can improve the prediction of an individual’s tacrolimus dose requirement after transplantation.
Prognostic value of immunotherapy-induced organ inflammation assessed on 18FDG PET in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Humbert Olivier , Bauckneht Matteo , Gal Jocelyn , Paquet Marie , Chardin David , Rener David , Schiazza Aurelie , Genova Carlo , Schiappa Renaud , Zullo Lodovica , Rossi Giovanni , Martin Nicolas , Hugonnet Florent , Darcourt Jacques , Morbelli Silvia , Otto Josiane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the prognostic value of immunotherapy-induced organ inflammation observed on 18FDG PET in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs).

Methods
Data from patients with IIIB/IV NSCLC included in two different prospective trials were analyzed. 18FDG PET/CT exams were performed at baseline (PETBaseline) and repeated after 7–8 weeks (PETInterim1) and 12–16 weeks (PETInterim2) of treatment, using iPERCIST for tumor response evaluation. The occurrence of abnormal organ 18FDG uptake, deemed to be due to ICPI-related organ inflammation, was collected.

Results
Exploratory cohort (Nice, France): PETInterim1 and PETInterim2 revealed the occurrence of at least one ICPI-induced organ inflammation in 72.8% of patients, including midgut/hindgut inflammation (33.7%), gastritis (21.7%), thyroiditis (18.5%), pneumonitis (17.4%), and other organ inflammations (9.8%). iPERCIST tumor response was associated with improved progression-free survival (p < 0.001). iPERCIST tumor response and immuno-induced gastritis assessed on PET were both associated with improved overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.032). Combining these two independent variables, we built a model predicting patients’ 2-year OS with a sensitivity of 80.3% and a specificity of 69.2% (AUC = 72.7). Validation cohort (Genova, Italy): Immuno-induced gastritis (19.6% of patients) was associated with improved OS (p = 0.04). The model built previously predicted 2-year OS with a sensitivity and specificity of 72.0% and 63.6% (AUC = 70.7) and 3-year OS with a sensitivity and specificity of 69.2% and 80.0% (AUC = 78.2).

Conclusion
Immuno-induced gastritis revealed by early interim 18FDG PET in around 20% of patients with NSCLC treated with ICPI is a novel and reproducible imaging biomarker of improved OS.
Development and validation of a radiomic model for the diagnosis of dopaminergic denervation on [18F]FDOPA PET/CT
Authors: Comte Victor , Schmutz Hugo , Chardin David , Orlhac Fanny , Darcourt Jacques , Humbert Olivier 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
FDOPA PET shows good performance for the diagnosis of striatal dopaminergic denervation, making it a valuable tool for the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism. Textural features are image biomarkers that could potentially improve the early diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes. We explored the performances of textural features for binary classification of FDOPA scans.

Methods
We used two FDOPA PET datasets: 443 scans for feature selection, and 100 scans from a different PET/CT system for model testing. Scans were labelled according to expert interpretation (dopaminergic denervation versus no dopaminergic denervation). We built LASSO logistic regression models using 43 biomarkers including 32 textural features. Clinical data were also collected using a shortened UPDRS scale.

Results
The model built from the clinical data alone had a mean area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of 63.91. Conventional imaging features reached a maximum score of 93.47 but the addition of textural features significantly improved the AUROC to 95.73 (p < 0.001), and 96.10 (p < 0.001) when limiting the model to the top three features: GLCM_Correlation, Skewness and Compacity. Testing the model on the external dataset yielded an AUROC of 96.00, with 95% sensitivity and 97% specificity. GLCM_Correlation was one of the most independent features on correlation analysis, and systematically had the heaviest weight in the classification model.

Conclusion
A simple model with three radiomic features can identify pathologic FDOPA PET scans with excellent sensitivity and specificity. Textural features show promise for the diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes.
Identifying the individual metabolic abnormities from a systemic perspective using whole-body PET imaging
Authors: Sun Tao , Wang Zhenguo , Wu Yaping , Gu Fengyun , Li Xiaochen , Bai Yan , Shen Chushu , Hu Zhanli , Liang Dong , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Yang Yongfeng , El Fakhri Georges , Zhou Yun , Wang Meiyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Distinct physiological states arise from complex interactions among the various organs present in the human body. PET is a non-invasive modality with numerous successful applications in oncology, neurology, and cardiology. However, while PET imaging has been applied extensively in detecting focal lesions or diseases, its potential in detecting systemic abnormalities is seldom explored, mostly because total-body imaging was not possible until recently.

Methods
In this context, the present study proposes a framework capable of constructing an individual metabolic abnormality network using a subject’s whole-body 18F-FDG SUV image and a normal control database. The developed framework was evaluated in the patients with lung cancer, the one discharged after suffering from Covid-19 disease, and the one that had gastrointestinal bleeding with the underlying cause unknown.

Results
The framework could successfully capture the deviation of these patients from healthy subjects at the level of both system and organ. The strength of the altered network edges revealed the abnormal metabolic connection between organs. The overall deviation of the network nodes was observed to be highly correlated to the organ SUV measures. Therefore, the molecular connectivity of glucose metabolism was characterized at a single subject level.

Conclusion
The proposed framework represents a significant step toward the use of PET imaging for identifying metabolic dysfunction from a systemic perspective. A better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and the physiological interpretation of the interregional connections identified in the present study warrant further research.
Sensitivity to water deficit of the second stage of fruit growth in late mandarin trees
Authors: Berríos Pablo , Temnani Abdelmalek , Zapata Susana , Forcén-Muñoz Manuel , Franco José Antonio , Pérez-Pastor Alejandro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn citrus fruits, phases I and II of fruit growth are sensitive to water deficit, and for this reason, deficit irrigation (DI) has been usually restricted to the final ripening phase. However, the optimal timing and intensity of stress during sensitive phases have not been clearly defined. The main objective was to determine the sensitivity of the second stage of fruit growth to water deficit in adult mandarin trees, and to explore the suitability of different soil and plant water status indicators, including the leaf-scale spectrum, according to the water stress level. Four irrigation treatments were tested: a control (CTL) irrigated at ~ 80% of ETc during the entire crop cycle, and three irrigation suppression treatments, in which no water was applied during the end of phase I and the beginning of phase II (DI1), the second half of phase II (DI2), and phase III of fruit growth (DI3), respectively. Phase II of fruit growth can be considered as a non-critical phenological period until the fruit reaches approximately 60% of its final size, with the application of a water deficit using an irrigation threshold of midday stem water potential of − 1.8 MPa, and a cumulative water stress integral close to 28 MPa day. The novel visible infrared ratio index (VIRI) showed a high sensitivity for trees subjected to moderate and severe water stress and can be complementarily used to estimate on a larger temporal and spatial scale the plant water status. Wavelengths in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region allowed differentiation between non-stressed, moderately, and severely water-stressed trees, and can be considered as an initial basis for determining the water status of mandarin trees at various stress intensities by remote sensing.
Pre- and post-harvest evapotranspiration, carbon exchange and water use efficiency of a mature peach orchard in semi-arid climate
Authors: Testi Luca , Orgaz Francisco , López-Bernal Álvaro , Villalobos Francisco J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBetter knowledge of the evapotranspiration and carbon exchange of fruit trees is needed to optimize the trade-off between water use and carbon assimilation and to better understand the role of agriculture in the biogeochemical cycles. In this work, we measured water and carbon fluxes with eddy covariance and transpiration with sap flow in a drip-irrigated peach orchard of 70% ground cover located in southern Spain for 2 years. The empirically measured crop coefficient (Kc) under good watering conditions in the summer ranged from 1 to 1.1. The daytime net ecosystem exchange (NEE) flux of the orchard averaged 30 g CO2 m2 day−1 during the period of maximum activity in July. The daytime ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) of the orchard reached a minimum in late June, flattened around 4 g CO2 L−1 throughout the summer, and increased in autumn, but was unaffected by fruit removal or post-harvest irrigation reduction imposed by the farm (30% reduction). The response of instantaneous peach ecosystem WUE to VPD was also investigated. Both Kc, NEE, leaf water potential and stomatal conductance decreased sharply after harvest. Transpiration data from some purposely over-irrigated experimental trees demonstrated that the post-harvest alterations we found were not caused by fruit removal, but are result of mild water stress originated by the irrigation reduction. Hence, the often-observed alterations in water relations after harvest in well-watered trees were not observed in this experiment. This work adds insight on peach irrigation efficiency and on the contribution of orchards to agricultural carbon budgets.