bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superhydrophobic surfaces with dual-scale roughness and water vapor-barrier property for sustainable liquid packaging applications
Authors: zhang xue , Zhang Hongjie , Cheng Yun , Zhang Liyuan , Shen Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There has been continuous global unmet need to manufacture new sustainable liquid packaging materials, without plastic film or aluminum foil. A proposed research direction is based on superhydrophobic coating technologies to develop more sustainable packaging materials. In this study, the underlying engineering principle, including but not limited to the substrates and engineering properties, of superhydrophobic surfaces proposed for liquid packaging application is investigated. Specifically, in order to improve the engineering performance of superhydrophobic paper designed for packaging, the possibilities to utilize the barrier property of nano-platy-shaped montmorillonite (MMT) and the superhydrophobic property of nano-rolling-pin-shaped precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) to form multifunctional coating layers are investigated. Then, the subtle differences in morphological structures of the as-prepared superhydrophobic paper samples are characterized by water droplet evaporation experiment to verify the promising roughness structure for packaging applications. Furthermore, paperboard, which is widely utilized in packaging, is chosen as the substrate to study the challenges of fabricating superhydrophobic paperboard designed for packaging. The research findings of this study provide the engineering principles of promoting sustainable paper-based materials with dual-scale roughness structure and barrier properties in liquid packaging applications.
Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the K6 among a national representative elder sample of China
Authors: Zhang Lisong , Li Zhongquan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAs the number of older people is rapidly growing, prevention, screening, and treatment of mental health problems (including anxiety and depression) in this population increasingly become a heavy burden to individuals, families, and even the whole society. The Kessler-6 screening measure (K6) is an efficient and effective instrument for general mental health problems. However, few studies have examined its measurement invariance across time, which is particularly important in longitudinal studies, such as exploring developmental trajectories of non-specific psychological distress and evaluating the effects of certain interventions.MethodsThe current study investigated the factor structure and the longitudinal measurement invariance of the K6 among a national representative elder sample of China. Longitudinal data in two survey waves (the year 2010, the year 2014) from the China Family Panel Studies were drawn for secondary data analysis. A total of 3845 participants aged 60 years old and above (52.2% male, mean age = 66.99 years, SD = 5.93 years) responded to both waves of the survey.ResultsA comparison of four existing models with confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor solution of the K6. A series of multi-group confirmatory factor analyses further indicated that the K6 held strict longitudinal measurement invariance across time. Additionally, the internal consistency indices across time and the stability coefficients over time were acceptable.ConclusionsThe findings further confirmed the psychometric defensibility of the K6 when used in the old Chinese population. The longitudinal measurement invariance justified comparisons of psychological distress scores among different measurement time points.
Comparison of next-generation sequencing and cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 in detecting EGFR mutations
Authors: Murakami Shuji , Yokose Tomoyuki , Shinada Kanako , Isaka Testuya , Katakura Seigo , Ushio Ryouta , Kondo Tetsuro , Kato Terufumi , Ito Hiroyuki , Saito Haruhiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Targeting oncogenic driver mutations, such as sensitizing mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR), significantly improves the prognosis of patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC). As the number of genetic mutations that must be tested increases, the Oncomine Dx Target Test (ODxTT), which can simultaneously detect multiple cancer-related genes, is becoming the main test used, in preference to single-molecule testing. In this study, we evaluated the performance of ODxTT and cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 (cobas® EGFR), one of the single-molecule tests, in detecting EGFR mutations.
Materials and methods
Samples from 211 patients who had been diagnosed with NS-NSCLC were tested simultaneously or sequentially with the cobas® EGFR Mutation Test and ODxTT. We compared the success rates and detection rates of both tests and evaluated their equivalence by determining the concordance rate and k-coefficient of the two tests.
Results
The success rate in detecting EGFR mutations was 95.7% for ODxTT and 100% for cobas® EGFR. EGFR mutations were detected in 26.5% of samples with ODxTT and in 28.0% with cobas® EGFR. For the 200 samples successfully analyzed with both tests, the concordance rate and k-coefficient were 97.5% and 0.938, respectively. ODxTT failed to detect two exon 19 deletion mutations (p.E746_P753delinsVS and p.E746_P753delinsLS), and cobas® EGR failed to detect three instances of an exon 19 deletion (p.L747_P753delinsS), L861R, and an exon 20 insertion (p.P772_H733insV).
Discussion
The success rate of ODxTT is slightly inferior to that of cobas® EGFR. ODxTT shared a high concordance rate and k-coefficient with cobas® EGFR in detecting EGFR mutations, but discordant results between the two tests were observed in a few cases, mainly due to the difference of detectable EGFR variants. Therefore, the advantages and limitations of each test must be clarified to ensure that genomic testing methods are used properly.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Palliative Care Practice for Cancer: A Qualitative Study among Clinical Oncologists
Authors: Wang Yu , Ma Xiangyu , Wusiman Dilinaer , Zhang Xinqing , Bi Nan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Palliative care is an essential intervention to improve the quality of life for patients with cancer, whereas the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to supportive and palliative care providers. This survey aims to explore the current status of palliative care practice for cancer and the specific influence of COVID-19, from the perspective of oncologists.Methods: The mixed-mode surveys including electronic questionnaires, face-to-face interactions, and telephone interviews were adopted to investigate specialised physicians working in cancer-related departments. Data including demographics, experiences and opinions of oncologists regarding the impact of COVID-19 on clinical work in oncology, their personal lives, and palliative care practice were collected and qualitatively analysed. Individual suggestions on coping strategies were further proposed.Results: Thirty-seven oncologists participated in this study from September 2021 to January 2022. The majority of them believed COVID-19 significantly and negatively affected their clinical work routines (75.7%), personal daily lives (67.6%), and palliative care practice (64.9%). Most specialists considered that nowadays the palliative care system remained underdeveloped (73.0%), and other factors besides COVID-19 were associated with this situation (78.4%). Participants further proposed some suggestions to promote palliative care practice during COVID-19, including more online guidance on palliative care for cancer patients (35.3%), strengthening remote multidisciplinary cooperation (29.4%), encouraging home-based palliative care (17.6%), and updating more information on COVID-19 in palliative medicine guidelines (5.9%), etc.Conclusion: COVID-19 had significantly adverse effects on cancer palliative care practice, while other factors should not be overlooked. Corresponding measures to encourage supportive and palliative care during COVID-19 are warranted.
NK cell-mediated immunostimulatory effects of ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit
Authors: Kim Haeyeop , Rahmawati Laily , Hong Yo Han , Choi Su-Young , Cho Jae Youl 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a plant that has long been used in various products such as foods and cosmetics. Although noni has been known to have immunostimulatory activity, detailed mechanism at the cellular level has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we focused on understanding as to how noni fruit can positively stimulate body’s immune responses.
Methods
To do this, an ethanol extract of noni fruit (Mc-fEE) was prepared and administered for 30 days to male C57BL/6 mice for in vivo experiment. NK cell activity and cytokine production level were analyzed by flowcytometry, real-time PCR, and ELISA. Mc-fEE-triggered molecular events were detected from RAW264.7 cells and splenocytes using Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses.
Results
The mRNA expression levels of cytokines such as interleukin families, IFN-β, and TNF-α, were increased when cells were treated with Mc-fEE (0-200 µg/ml) in vitro. Western blotting analysis showed that these increases occurred when immune response stimulating pathways were activated. In addition, flow cytometry was performed using spleens of mice orally treated with Mc-fEE (0-200 mg/kg) in vivo. Mc-fEE increased the NK cells population and the NK cells from the spleens were cytotoxic to YAC-1 cells, a T cell lymphoma. This was confirmed through LDH assay; several cytokines including IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were secreted in vivo.
Conclusion
In this paper, we confirmed that Mc-fEE has immunostimulatory effects by activation and increase of the NK cell population.
Diffusion of polyethyleneimine into cotton fibers: the effect of concentration
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Xia Jie , Zhang Chuang , Dong Xia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Diffusion behavior of polymers on cellulose fibers is directly connected to the properties of the adsorbed fibers and their application performance. Based on our previous study, the diffusion of polyethyleneimine (PEI) into cotton fibers was further investigated to understand the effect of concentration. It was found that fluorescence labeling method was more suitable in this study for polymer diffusion characterization with acceptable accuracy than SEM-EDS and dye staining method. Increasing the polymer concentration could effectively promote its diffusion extent on cotton fiber. For instance, PEI with molecular weight of 10000 (PEI-10000) was limited to the outermost surface of the yarn when its concentration was lower than 3 g/L, and it can penetrate into the yarn and adsorbed on the surface the single fiber when the concentration was increased to 7 g/L. Further increase in concentration can facilitate the polymer diffusion into the fiber pores, however, PEI-10000 would not evenly penetrate the fiber cell wall until its concentration was increased to 70 g/L. The threshold concentration for PEI evenly diffusing into the fiber cell wall increased with its molecular weight. Additionally, the intentional introduction of surface charge on the fibers could promote the PEI diffusion into the fiber cell wall at a specific concentration.
Analysis of optimal treatment and prognostic factors in patients with small-cell lung cancer comorbid COPD
Authors: Gao Jiabo , Zhou Chengzhi , Wu Guofeng , Yu Pei , Zhang Kening , Lin Xinqing , Xie Xiaohong , Liu Ming , Xie Zhanhong , Zhang Jiexia , Li Shiyue , Qin Yinyin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and Objective: Patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comorbid COPD are not rare clinically, but related studies are limited, and there is no consensus on optimal treatment and prognostic factors for these patients. In this study, the clinical characteristics and the efficacy of different treatment regimens of patients with SCLC comorbid COPD were analyzed retrospectively to explore the optimal regimens and prognostic factors. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 97 patients with SCLC who received first-line etoposide combined with platinum chemotherapy from January 1, 2013 to September 31, 2020 in the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.patients were divided into COPD and non-COPD group, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two groups and prognostic factors of SCLC were analyzed. Furthermore, the differences of PFS and OS and prognostic factors were analyzed in the sub-group of COPD patients (COPD treated group and COPD untreated group).Results: There were no significant difference in median PFS (7.4 months VS 7.6 months, p = 0.327) and OS (11.2 months VS 14.5 months, p = 0.081) between COPD group (N = 61) and non-COPD group (N = 36). In the COPD group, 21 patients (34.4%) received COPD treatment. And the median OS of COPD treated group was was longer than that of COPD untreated group (13.4 months VS 10.6 months, p = 0.032), but there existed no significant difference in PFS between the two groups (7.4 months VS 7.0 months, p = 0.648). In patients with SCLC comorbid COPD, multivariate regression analysis indicated that COPD was not a risk factor for OS, while extensive stage was independently associated with poorer OS and chest radiotherapy was independently associated with longger OS.Conclusion: For SCLC patients who received first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy, COPD does not impair prognosis, and COPD treatment was benefit for OS of those comorbid COPD, receiving both COPD treatment and chemotherapy was a preferred option as first-line treatment for patients with SCLC comorbid COPD. Extensive stage and thoracic radiotherapy are independent prognostic factors for OS in patients with SCLC comorbid COPD.
Expression and clinical significance of keratinocyte growth factor receptor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in cervical cancer tissue
Authors: Hu Hengfen , Zhao Qihui , Na Jiang , Yanqing Xiao , Yufei Sang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) in cervical cancer tissues. Methods A retrospective analysis of 45 cervical cancer patients admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 was used as the observation group, and 45 healthy cervical patients in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The KGFR, TFPI- 2 Positive rate, pathological features and correlation with cervical cancer. result The positive rate of KGFR in the observation group was 0.00% lower than that in the control group (84.44%), and the positive rate of TFPI-2 was 100.00% higher than that in the control group ( 26.67 %) , P < 0.05. There were significant differences between KGFR positive and cervical cancer TNM stage and degree of differentiation; there were significant differences between TFPI-2 positive expression and cervical cancer TNM stage, degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis , P <0.05. The expression level of KGFR was positively correlated with the poor prognosis of cervical cancer, and the expression level of TFPI-2 was negatively correlated with the poor prognosis of cervical cancer , P < 0.05. Conclusion The expression of KGFR is up-regulated and the expression of TFPI-2 is down-regulated in cervical cancer tissue. The expression levels of the two are directly related to the poor prognosis of cervical cancer patients , and there is a certain correlation with the incidence of cervical cancer .
Evaluation of the microencapsulation process of conidia of Trichoderma asperellum by spray drying
Authors: Braga Alinne Brandão Andalécio Camargos , Costa Cleiver Junio Martins , Ribeiro Eloízio Júlio , Zotarelli Marta Fernanda , Santos Líbia Diniz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Microencapsulation of biological control agents by spray drying (SD) has been studied as a method for increasing product shelf life and stability to enable the application of microencapsulated agents in sustainable agriculture. In this study, the microencapsulation of Trichoderma asperellum conidia by spray drying was evaluated. The objective was to assess the influence of drying air temperature and wall material (maltodextrin DE20, MD20) concentration on the microencapsulation of Trichoderma asperellum conidia and to identify the optimum conditions to produce. Microparticles were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, and shelf life. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to investigate the effect of operating parameters on drying yield (DY), moisture content, conidial viability (CV), and percentage of conidial survival (SP). Microencapsulation experiments were carried out under optimum conditions to validate the obtained model. The optimum temperature and MD20/conidia dry weight ratio were 80°C and 1:4.5, respectively, which afforded a drying yield of 63.85 ± 0.86%, a moisture content of 4.92 ± 0.07%, a conidial viability of 87.10 ± 1.16%, and a conidial survival of 85.78 ± 2.88%. Microencapsulation by spray drying using MD20 as wall material extended the viability of conidia stored at 29°C compared with the control.
A synergistic solution of vibration assisted strengthening and surface micro-texture for the wear of aviation spherical plain bearing
Authors: Yuan Zewei , Wu Tianzheng , Wen Quan , Qin Yue , Sun Jingting 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aviation spherical plain bearing often undergoes serious wear due to its extreme and complex working condition. This paper presents a solution of vibration assisted strengthening and surface micro-texture for the wear of aviation spherical plain bearing to achieve the synergistic effects of surface property-improving and appearance-improving. On the basis of analysis the wear mechanism of spherical plain bearing systematically, it attempts to scientifically understand how the vibration assisted strengthening and micro texture can decrease the wear of spherical plain bearing by proposing the distribution function of asperity height and contact theory. The vibration assisted strengthening and micro-texture surface are prepared and the tribological property of friction pairs are investigated on the UMT TriboLab platform. The theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that the flat-headed distribution of surface asperities is beneficial to improving the contact state and lubricant capability. The vibration assisted strengthening can effectively decrease the friction coefficient of frictional pairs to about 0.11 by decreasing the surface roughness of frictional pairs from about Ra 0.23μm to about Ra 70nm and increasing the micro hardness nearly by 54%. Static load, strengthening times and rotational speed of vibration assisted strengthening have obvious influences on the surface roughness and micro hardness of frictional pairs. Among three textures of micro groove, micro quadrate protrusion and micro quadrate pit, micro quadrate pit obtains a lowest friction coefficient and wear amount. Also the proposed graphene-oil lubricant presents excellent improvement of tribological properties and wear resistance performance of spherical plain bearings.
Factors Associated with Medication Adherence among the Elderly with Chronic Multimorbidity
Authors: Papi Shahab , Bahrever Vali , Hosseini Fatemeh , Nejadsadeghi Elham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
: Medication adherence is a key healthcare issue in the elderly and a challenging factor influencing the success of treatment. The present study aimed to determine the factors associated with medication adherence in the elderly with chronic multimorbidity.
Materials and Methods
The present study was descriptive-analytical and examined 800 elderly people using multi-stage random sampling method. The research collected data using a demographic questionnaire, a standard questionnaire on medication adherence in chronic diseases, and standard questionnaires on patient satisfaction with physician communication, which were completed via interviews and self-report. In present study, the elderly were classified into three groups based on having chronic diseases: people with a chronic disease, people with two chronic diseases, and people with three chronic diseases and more. SPSS24 was used for data analysis.
Results
The research results indicated that 426 individuals (53%) had two diseases, and 199 individuals (25%) had three diseases and more. Diabetes had the highest frequency (25%). The mean score of medication adherence of the elderly was 105.5 (± 49.04), and the mean score of the elderly's satisfaction with the physician’s communication was 66.48 (± 11). In the elderly with three or more diseases, a one-unit increase in satisfaction with the physician’s communication, medication adherence rate increased by 0.04 units.
Conclusion
It is suggested to implement new and innovative intervention strategies to improve health literacy, medication adherence, and adherence monitoring methods to better manage diseases in the elderly with chronic multimorbidity.
Knock down of PCSK9 can improve myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Huang Guangwei , Lu Xiyang , Duan Zonggang , Zhang Kai , Xiong Xinlin , Lin Muzhi , Li Chao , Li Yunquan , Xu Lei , Zhou Haiyan , Luo Zhenhua , Li Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect and mechanism of proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and to provide a reference for clinical prevention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: We established a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and AC16 hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model. A total of 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n=16): control（scrambled RNAi was use）, ischemia/reperfusion(I/R), and I/R +SiRNA. In the I/R and I/R +siRNA groups, myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch (LAD) of the coronary artery in rats in the I/R group for 0.5 hours reperfused for 3 days. To assess myocardial injury, rats were subjected to the electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac function, cardiac enzymes, and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) /Evan Blue (EB) staining. Meanwhile, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect morphological changes of cardiomyocytes in each group, and the level of myocardial fibrosis was quantified by Masson trichrome staining. Differences in expression of autophagy level proteins and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein (BNIP3) signaling-related proteins were determined by protein blotting.Results: PCSK9 mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated during cardiomyocyte hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that PCSK9 expression was increased in rat hearts 3 days after anterior descending branch ligation. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies revealed that siRNA knockdown of PCSK9 resulted in reduced expression of the autophagic protein Beclin-1, light chain 3 (LC3) compared to control-treated cells and sham-operated groups, at the same time, the presentation of the autophagic pathway BNIP3 was also downregulated. Furthermore, the PCSK9-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) group injected into the left ventricular wall significantly improved cardiac function and myocardial infarct size, as well as the expression of mRNA of Recombinant Human Interleukin-1β（IL-1β）and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) was significantly downregulated and reduced the inflammatory response compared with the I/R group.Conclusions: In ischemic/hypoxic circumstances, PCSK9 expression was dramatically increased. PCSK9 knockdown alleviated MIRI via the BNIP3-mediated autophagic pathway, and improved myocardial infarct size and cardiac function.