bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombus radiomics in patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment
Authors: van Voorst Henk , Bruggeman Agnetha A E , Yang Wenjin , Andriessen Jurr , Welberg Elise , Dutra Bruna G , Konduri Praneeta R , Arrarte Terreros Nerea , Hoving Jan W , Tolhuisen Manon L , Kappelhof Manon , Brouwer Josje , Boodt Nikki , van Kranendonk Katinka R , Koopman Miou S , Hund Hajo M , Krietemeijer Menno , van Zwam Wim H , van Beusekom Heleen M M , van der Lugt Aad , Emmer Bart J , Marquering Henk A , Roos Yvo B W E M , Caan Matthan W A , Majoie Charles B L M 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThrombus radiomics (TR) describe complex shape and textural thrombus imaging features. We aimed to study the relationship of TR extracted from non-contrast CT with procedural and functional outcome in endovascular-treated patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsThrombi were segmented on thin-slice non-contrast CT (≤1 mm) from 699 patients included in the MR CLEAN Registry. In a pilot study, we selected 51 TR with consistent values across two raters’ segmentations (ICC >0.75). Random forest models using TR in addition or as a substitute to baseline clinical variables (CV) and manual thrombus measurements (MTM) were trained with 499 patients and evaluated on 200 patients for predicting successful reperfusion (extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (eTICI) ≥2B), first attempt reperfusion, reperfusion within three attempts, and functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2). Three texture and shape features were selected based on feature importance and related to eTICI ≥2B, number of attempts to eTICI ≥2B, and 90-day mRS with ordinal logistic regression.ResultsRandom forest models using TR, CV or MTM had comparable predictive performance. Thrombus texture (inverse difference moment normalized) was independently associated with reperfusion (adjusted common OR (acOR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.99). Thrombus volume and texture were also independently associated with the number of attempts to successful reperfusion (acOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.88 and acOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.49).ConclusionsTR describing thrombus volume and texture were associated with more attempts to successful reperfusion. Compared with models using CV and MTM, TR had no added value for predicting procedural and functional outcome.
National reduction in cerebral arteriovenous malformation treatment correlated with increased rupture incidence
Authors: Luther Evan , McCarthy David J , Burks Joshua , Govindarajan Vaidya , Lu Victor M , Silva Michael , Lang Michael , Gross Bradley A , Starke Robert M 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundRecently, there has been a shift in management of unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) following studies suggesting that medical management alone was superior to interventional therapy.ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of contemporary AVM management on AVM rupture patterns in the United States.Methods154 297 AVM admissions were identified between 2003 and 2017 in the National Inpatient Sample. Annual AVM intervention and rupture rates were computed and multivariable logistic regression assessed the likelihood of AVM intervention pre- and post-2014. Segmented regression identified significant change points and fitted segmented linear models for annual intervention and rupture rates. Correlation coefficients assessed the relationship between annual AVM intervention and rupture rates.ResultsFor unruptured AVMs, intervention likelihood and proportion decreased after 2014 (28.1% to 22.3%, p<0.0001; adjusted OR=0.857, 95% CI 0.751 to 0.977, p=0.02). Ruptured AVM admissions increased from 14.7% to 18.6% after 2014 (p<0.0001). Between 2003 and 2017, segmented linear regression identified one significant change point in intervention rate between 2014 and 2015. Average annual percent change for rupture incidence and intervention rate increased by 0.49% (p=0.0001) and decreased by 1.17% (p=0.0001), respectively. Annual AVM intervention rates were inversely correlated with annual AVM rupture incidence (Pearson coefficient=−0.82, p=0.0002). In 2017, the annual AVM rupture rate (20.6%) surpassed the annual AVM intervention rate (19.7%).ConclusionsAfter 2014, the likelihood of intervention for unruptured AVMs decreased while the incidence of ruptured AVMs increased. These findings suggest that fewer unruptured AVM treatments may lead to increases in AVM rupture incidence.
Long-term effect of field triage on times to endovascular treatment for emergent large vessel occlusion
Authors: Jayaraman Mahesh V , Baird Grayson , Oueidat Karim , Paolucci Gino , Haas Richard A , Torabi Radmehr , Moldovan Krisztina , Rhodes Jason , Potvin John , Alexander-Scott Nicole , Yaghi Shadi , Madsen Tracy , Furie Karen , McTaggart Ryan A 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundDelays to endovascular therapy (EVT) for stroke may be mitigated with direct field triage to EVT centers. We sought to compare times to treatment over a 5.5 year span between two adjacent states, one with field triage and one without, served by a single comprehensive stroke center (CSC).MethodsDuring the study period, one of the two states implemented severity-based triage for suspected emergent large vessel occlusion, while in the other state, patients were transported to the closest hospital regardless of severity. We compared times to treatment and clinical outcomes between these two states. We also performed a matched pairs analysis, matching on date treated and distance from field to CSC.Results639 patients met the inclusion criteria, 407 in State 1 (with field triage) and 232 in State 2 (without field triage). In State 1, scene to EVT decreased 6% (or 8.13 min, p=0.0004) every year but no decrease was observed for State 2 (<1%, p=0.94). Cumulatively over 5.5 years, there was a reduction of 43 min in time to EVT in State 1, but no change in State 2. Lower rates of disability were seen in State 1, both for the entire cohort (all OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.40, p=0.0032) and for those independent at baseline (1.36, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.59, p=0.0003).ConclusionsComparing adjacent states over time, the implementation of severity-based field triage significantly reduced time to EVT.
Global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on subarachnoid haemorrhage hospitalisations, aneurysm treatment and in-hospital mortality: 1-year follow-up
Authors:   SVIN COVID-19 Global SAH Registry
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPrior studies indicated a decrease in the incidences of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated differences in the incidence, severity of aSAH presentation, and ruptured aneurysm treatment modality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding year.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study including 49 countries and 187 centres. We recorded volumes for COVID-19 hospitalisations, aSAH hospitalisations, Hunt-Hess grade, coiling, clipping and aSAH in-hospital mortality. Diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes or stroke databases from January 2019 to May 2021.ResultsOver the study period, there were 16 247 aSAH admissions, 344 491 COVID-19 admissions, 8300 ruptured aneurysm coiling and 4240 ruptured aneurysm clipping procedures. Declines were observed in aSAH admissions (−6.4% (95% CI −7.0% to −5.8%), p=0.0001) during the first year of the pandemic compared with the prior year, most pronounced in high-volume SAH and high-volume COVID-19 hospitals. There was a trend towards a decline in mild and moderate presentations of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) (mild: −5% (95% CI −5.9% to –4.3%), p=0.06; moderate: −8.3% (95% CI −10.2% to –6.7%), p=0.06) but no difference in higher SAH severity. The ruptured aneurysm clipping rate remained unchanged (30.7% vs 31.2%, p=0.58), whereas ruptured aneurysm coiling increased (53.97% vs 56.5%, p=0.009). There was no difference in aSAH in-hospital mortality rate (19.1% vs 20.1%, p=0.12).ConclusionDuring the first year of the pandemic, there was a decrease in aSAH admissions volume, driven by a decrease in mild to moderate presentation of aSAH. There was an increase in the ruptured aneurysm coiling rate but neither change in the ruptured aneurysm clipping rate nor change in aSAH in-hospital mortality.Trial registration numberNCT04934020.
Superior effects of natalizumab versus other DMTs on patient-reported outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chen Jing , Diouf Ibrahima , Taylor Bruce V , Kalincik Tomas , van der Mei Ingrid 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundLittle is known about the comparative effectiveness of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on patient-reported outcomes in MS. We compared the effects of natalizumab to other DMTs in relation to MS symptom severity, quality of life, disability, disease progression and employment outcomes using real-world data.MethodsWe included 2817 observations in 2015, 2016 and 2017 from 1382 participants in the Australian MS Longitudinal Study. Information on treatment, health and employment outcomes was prospectively collected by questionnaires. Marginal structural models with interaction terms for DMT×time were used to compare natalizumab and other comparator treatment groups.ResultsNatalizumab was associated with improvements over time, or general trends of improvement, in the severity of many symptoms and work productivity loss. Compared with any other DMTs, natalizumab was associated with superior effects over time for 8 of 23 patient-reported outcomes, with similar directions of effect observed for another 6, demonstrating consistency. There were no differences in effect for spasticity, fatigue, pain, feelings of depression, disability, European quality of life five dimension index, presenteeism and work status. Natalizumab did not perform significantly worse over time compared with any other DMTs for any of the outcomes.ConclusionsNatalizumab was associated with superior outcomes over time for many patient-reported health and employment outcomes when compared with other DMTs in this large prospective cohort study. These findings may influence treatment selection in clinical practice and future treatment cost-effectiveness analyses.
Upadacitinib in active ankylosing spondylitis: results of the 2-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled SELECT-AXIS 1 study and open-label extension
Authors: van der Heijde Désirée , Deodhar Atul , Maksymowych Walter P , Sieper Joachim , Van den Bosch Filip , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Östör Andrew J , Combe Bernard , Sui Yunxia , Duan Yuanyuan , Wung Peter K , Song In-Ho 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionLong-term safety and efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has not been previously reported.MethodsIn SELECT-AXIS 1, patients receiving placebo were switched to upadacitinib 15 mg once daily at week 14 while patients initially randomised to upadacitinib continued their regimen through week 104. Efficacy was assessed using as-observed (AO) and non-responder imputation (NRI).ResultsOf 187 patients randomised, 144 patients (77%) completed week 104. Among patients receiving continuous upadacitinib, 85.9% (AO) and 65.6% (NRI) achieved Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society 40 response (ASAS40) at week 104. Similar magnitude of ASAS40 responses were observed among patients who switched from placebo to upadacitinib (88.7% and 63.8%, respectively). The mean change from baseline to week 104 in Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada MRI spine and sacroiliac joint inflammation scores were –7.3 and –5.3, respectively, in the continuous upadacitinib group and –7.9 and –4.9 in the placebo-to-upadacitinib switch group. The mean (95% CI) change from baseline to week 104 in the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score was 0.7 (0.3, 1.1) in the total group. Adverse event rate was 242.7/100 patient-years. No serious infections, adjudicated major adverse cardiovascular events, lymphoma, non-melanoma skin cancer, or gastrointestinal perforations were observed.ConclusionsUpadacitinib 15 mg once daily showed sustained and consistent efficacy over 2 years for ASAS40 and other clinically relevant endpoints. A low rate of radiographic progression was observed and no new safety findings were observed.
High prevalence of anal papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men PrEP users
Authors: Rossotti Roberto , Nava Alice , Baiguera Chiara , Calzavara Daniele , D’Amico Federico , Fanti Diana , Bana Nicholas Brian , Vismara Chiara , Cernuschi Massimo , Scaglione Francesco , Puoti Massimo 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI and is associated with a wide range of diseases from anogenital warts to malignancies. Anal HPV infection is considerably more common in men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. Aims of the present study are to (i) describe the prevalence of anal HPV infection in MSM who started pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and (ii) analyse factors associated with anal infection from genotypes that would be covered by nonavalent vaccination.MethodsThis monocentric, cross-sectional study included all subjects who started PrEP from May 2018 to November 2021. PrEP candidates underwent full behavioural and clinical evaluation, including digital anal rectal examination and swabbing for HPV determination. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test for continuous and χ2 tests for categorical variables were adopted. Unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with positive anal swabs and to the presence of genotypes covered by the nonavalent vaccination.ResultsThe analysis included 288 subjects: anal swabs tested positive in 87.2% of cases, 79.2% of the subjects had a high-risk genotype (mainly 16), whereas 67.4% had a genotype covered by nonavalent vaccine. Sexual role was the only factor associated with anal HPV infection. Use of recreational drugs and a diagnosis of ≥2 STIs correlated with the presence of genotypes that would have been covered by vaccine, while previous vaccination had a protective role.ConclusionsPrEP candidates showed a high prevalence of anal HPV infection, especially due to high-risk genotypes, comparable to what has been reported in MSM living with HIV.
Cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Brady Bernadette , Murphy Ross 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThis paper describes cardiotoxicity and cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). Long-term sequelae of treatment are important, and changing, and may manifest when a patient is under the care of a supportive care service.MethodsKey messages for supportive and palliative care clinicians are outlined to facilitate identification and management of CTRCD.ResultsNot all cardiotoxicity is alike. Types of cardiotoxicity, cardiac complications of immunotherapy, the challenge of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in cancer and management of cardiotoxicity are highlighted.ConclusionsThe key strategies are early detection of cardiotoxicity, monitoring for development of CTRCD during treatment and surveillance in survivorship.
Expanding local sales restrictions on flavoured tobacco products to include menthol: retail sales changes in two Minnesota cities
Authors: Olson Lindsay T , Gammon Doris G , Rogers Todd , Brown Elizabeth M , Nonnemaker James M , Spinks James G , Ross Ashley , Xu Xin , Moze Joanne , Matter Christine M , D’Silva Joanne 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIn 2018, Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, expanded existing local sales restrictions on flavoured (non-menthol/mint/wintergreen) tobacco products (‘flavour policies’) to include menthol/mint/wintergreen-flavoured tobacco products (‘menthol policies’). All policies included exemptions for certain store types.MethodsWe obtained weekly retail tobacco product sales for 2015 through 2019 from NielsenIQ for convenience stores and other outlets in the policy jurisdictions and two comparison areas (rest of the state of Minnesota and total USA). We standardised unit sales across product categories and used NielsenIQ-provided descriptors to classify products as menthol (including mint/wintergreen) or flavoured (non-menthol/non-tobacco). Using single group interrupted time series models, we analysed unit sales by product category and by flavour separately for each geography to assess associations between menthol policy implementation and trends in tobacco product unit sales.ResultsFollowing menthol policy implementation, unit sales of menthol cigarettes and menthol smokeless tobacco decreased in both cities, with smaller decreases in comparison areas. Flavoured cigar sales—which decreased following the flavour policies—further decreased after the menthol policies, while sales of menthol electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) increased in both cities and sales of flavoured ENDS increased in St. Paul.ConclusionExpanding flavour policies to include menthol/mint/wintergreen was associated with significant decreases in unit sales of most menthol products and in total unit sales by tobacco product category. Increases in menthol and flavoured ENDS sales in these cities may be associated with legal sales by exempted retailers and/or illicit sales by non-compliant retailers, highlighting opportunities for retailer education and enforcement.
Rhythm of the streets: a street classification framework based on street activity patterns
Authors: Su Tianyu , Sun Maoran , Fan Zhuangyuan , Noyman Ariel , Pentland Alex , Moro Esteban 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs the living tissue connecting urban places, streets play significant roles in driving city development, providing essential access, and promoting human interactions. Understanding street activities and how these activities vary across different streets is critical for designing both efficient and livable streets. However, current street classification frameworks primarily focus on either streets’ functions in transportation networks or their adjacent land uses rather than actual activity patterns, resulting in coarse classifications. This research proposes an activity-based street classification framework to categorize street segments based on their temporal street activity patterns, which is derived from high-resolution de-identified and privacy-enhanced mobility data. We then apply the proposed framework to 18,023 street segments in the City of Boston and reveal 10 distinct activity-based street types (ASTs). These ASTs highlight dynamic street activities on streets, which complements existing street classification frameworks, which focus on the static or transportation characteristics of the street segments. Our results show that a street classification framework based on temporal street activity patterns can identify street categories at a finer granularity than current methods, which can offer useful implications for state-of-the-art urban management and planning. In particular, we find that our classification distinguishes better those streets where crime is more prevalent than current functional or contextual classifications of streets.
Learning to increase matching efficiency in identifying additional b-jets in the $$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$ process
Authors: Jang Cheongjae , Ko Sang-Kyun , Choi Jieun , Lim Jongwon , Noh Yung-Kyun , Kim Tae Jeong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe$$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {H}(\text {b}\bar{\text {b}})$$tt¯H(bb¯)process is an essential channel in revealing the Higgs boson properties; however, its final state has an irreducible background from the$$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$tt¯bb¯process, which produces a top quark pair in association with a b quark pair. Therefore, understanding the$$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$tt¯bb¯process is crucial for improving the sensitivity of a search for the$$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {H}(\text {b}\bar{\text {b}})$$tt¯H(bb¯)process. To this end, when measuring the differential cross section of the$$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$tt¯bb¯process, we need to distinguish the b-jets originating from top quark decays and additional b-jets originating from gluon splitting. In this paper, we train deep neural networks that identify the additional b-jets in the$${\text {t}}{\bar{\text {t}}}{\text {b}}{\bar{\text {b}}}$$tt¯bb¯events under the supervision of a simulated$$\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}\text{b}\bar{\text{b}}$$tt¯bb¯event data set in which true additional b-jets are indicated. By exploiting the special structure of the$$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$tt¯bb¯event data, several loss functions are proposed and minimized to directly increase matching efficiency, i.e., the accuracy of identifying additional b-jets. We show that, via a proof-of-concept experiment using synthetic data, our method can be more advantageous for improving matching efficiency than the deep learning-based binary classification approach presented in [1]. Based on simulated$$\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {b}\bar{\text {b}}$$tt¯bb¯event data in the lepton+jets channel from pp collision at$$\sqrt{s}$$s= 13 TeV, we then verify that our method can identify additional b-jets more accurately: compared with the approach in [1], the matching efficiency improves from 62.1$$\%$$%to 64.5$$\%$$%and from 59.9$$\%$$%to 61.7$$\%$$%for the leading order and the next-to-leading order simulations, respectively.
MRI Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Evaluate Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Local Recurrence and Distant Metastasis of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Youyi , Chen Tingting , Huang Yiwei , Li Yongchou , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of patients with local recurrence and distant metastasis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma before and after concurrent chemoradiotherapy based on artificial intelligence algorithm. In this study, 100 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma with local recurrence and distant metastasis who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy were collected as the research subjects, and all underwent MRI multisequence imaging scans. At the same time, according to the evaluation criteria of solid tumor efficacy, patients with complete remission were classified into the effective group, and patients with partial remission, progressive disease, and stable disease were classified into the ineffective group. In addition, an image segmentation algorithm based on Balloon Snake model was proposed for MRI image processing, and simulation experiments were carried out. The results showed that the Dice coefficient of the proposed model segmentation of the reconstructed image was significantly higher than that of the level set model and the greedy algorithm, while the running time was the opposite (

P
<
0.05

). The lesion volume (

38.76
±
5.34

cm3) in the effective group after treatment was significantly smaller than that in the noneffective group (

46.33
±
4.64

cm3), and the rate of lesion volume shrinkage (28.71%) was significantly larger than that in the noneffective group (12.49%) (

P
<
0.05

). The relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) value and rADC value change rate of the lesion after treatment in the effective group were significantly greater than those in the noneffective group (

P
<
0.05

). In summary, the image segmentation and reconstruction algorithm based on Balloon Snake model can not only improve the quality of MRI images but also shorten the processing time and improve the diagnostic efficiency. The volume regression rate and rADC value change rate of cervical squamous cell carcinoma lesion can reflect the early efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and have predictive value.