bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriately long post‐ventricular atrial blanking leading to ‘unnecessary’ defibrillator discharge
Authors: Bera Debabrata , Kar Ayan , Das Arya Kamal , Majumder Suchit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 55‐year‐old lady with non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) was referred for multiple implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks. Stored electrograms (EGM) revealed atrial flutter (AFL) with A > V. Morphology match was good and RR‐intervals were irregular. Despite all these, the dual‐chamber‐ICD (Abbott medical) classified this as ventricular tachycardia (VT‐2) via V > A algorithm where it did not analyze morphology/stability and delivered therapy. Anti‐tachycardia‐pacing (ATP) was delivered which induced a true VT (rate in VF‐zone) and immediate shock was delivered. It was hence appropriate but an ‘unnecessary’ shock. The offender was found to be an inappropriately programmed long post‐ventricular atrial‐blanking (PVAB) of 200 ms which led to undersensing of several atrial electrograms, falsely making V > A during a clear AFL.
Population health in a global society: Preparing nurses for the future
Authors: Walton AnnMarie Lee , Nikpour Jacqueline A. , Randolph Schenita D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has reinforced awareness that the health of populations is inextricably linked around the globe. Nurses require increased knowledge and preparation in global health. Nursing educators need examples of how to improve content in the curriculum.AimsThe purpose of this paper is to describe reconceptualization of a master's level nursing course entitled “Population Health in a Global Society” to include global health competencies.MethodsWe identified four global health competencies within the following three domains: globalization of health and healthcare; collaboration, partnering, and communication; and sociocultural and political awareness.ImplementationWe utilized guest lectures, a panel discussion, discussion forums and an independent research assignment. The methods used were well received by students, and the content delivered improved their perceived knowledge in global population health.DiscussionThe global health domains and competencies provided a roadmap for improving our course to focus on population health from a global perspective.ConclusionIn order to prepare nurses to contribute to global population health, population health courses should integrate global health competencies. The content of the revised course will better prepare nurses who will practice in a wide variety of settings and is designed for interdisciplinary education.
Anxiety and initial value dependence in startle habituation
Authors: Faunce Jules Alex , Blumenthal Terry D. , Waugh Christian E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudies suggest that deficits in startle reflex habituation occur in trait and clinical anxiety. Measures of habituation are affected by the magnitude of the initial response, with larger initial responses predicting a steeper decline in response over repeated trials. This relationship between initial value and change, commonly called the Law of Initial Value or initial value dependence (IVD), has been partialled out as a covariate in habituation research, but variation in IVD may be informative in itself, reflecting differences in physiological reactivity. The present study explored how trait anxiety and contextual anxiety relate to habituation kinetics of the startle eyeblink response: initial value, linear habituation slope, and the relationship between them (IVD). Participants (n = 31; 15 Control, 16 Contextual Anxiety [CA]) were exposed to two blocks of acoustic startle stimuli, and CA participants were warned that they may receive an electrical shock to the wrist during block 2. Trait anxiety did not predict habituation slope, but it did predict a weaker IVD relationship, meaning that high initial startle magnitude was less predictive of a steep response decline in trait‐anxious subjects. Meanwhile, CA did not impact startle habituation or IVD. The results suggest that individual differences in trait anxiety are related to the relationship between initial physiological response magnitude and subsequent change in response. IVD in startle habituation may thus serve as a better biomarker of healthy emotional responding than startle habituation per se.
Bootstrap Inference for the Finite Population Mean under Complex Sampling Designs
Authors: Wang Zhonglei , Peng Liuhua , Kim Jae Kwang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBootstrap is a useful computational tool for statistical inference, but it may lead to erroneous analysis under complex survey sampling. In this paper, we propose a unified bootstrap method for stratified multi-stage cluster sampling, Poisson sampling, simple random sampling without replacement and probability proportional to size sampling with replacement. In the proposed bootstrap method, we first generate bootstrap finite populations, apply the same sampling design to each bootstrap population to get a bootstrap sample, and then apply studentization. The second-order accuracy of the proposed bootstrap method is established by the Edgeworth expansion. Simulation studies confirm that the proposed bootstrap method outperforms the commonly used Wald-type method in terms of coverage, especially when the sample size is not large.
Association between biophysical properties and anxiety in patients with sensitive skin
Authors: Manav Vildan , Karaali Müge Göre , Erdem Ozan , Koku Aksu Ayşe Esra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSensitive skin (SS) is a syndrome in which neurosensory disorders accompany epidermal barrier dysfunction. However, it is not yet clear how high anxiety levels affect the biophysical parameters of the skin in patients with SS.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety levels and facial neurosensitivity, the erythema index, sebum content, and sensitive skin scale scores in individuals with sensitive skin.MethodsThe study was carried out on 35 individuals with SS and 40 without SS over three months. In the study, a questionnaire to detect the presence of sensitive skin, the sensitive skin scale for sensitive skin severity, the lactic acid sting test (LAST) to show facial neurosensitivity, a Mexameter for erythema index measurement, and a Sebumeter for sebum content measurement were used. In addition, the anxiety levels of the patient and control groups were measured using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS).ResultsWhile the HADS‐Anxiety scores were found to be significantly higher in patients with sensitive skin, there was no significant difference in the HADS‐Depression scores. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was found between the HADS‐Anxiety scores and the erythema index in patients with sensitive skin.ConclusionsSensitive skin is a disorder that can sometimes occur without any dermatological examination findings. In particular, the sensations of the patients, along with their anxiety levels, are essential parameters that should be evaluated in the approach to patients with sensitive skin.
Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Recommendations Report
Authors: Umpierre Daniel , Coelho-Ravagnani Christianne , Cecília Tenório Maria , Andrade Douglas Roque , Autran Roseanne , Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes de , Benedetti Tânia R. Bertoldo , Cavalcante Fabiana Vieira Santos Azevedo , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni , Dumith Samuel Carvalho , Florindo Alex Antonio , Garcia Leandro Martin Totaro , Manta Sofia Wolker , Mielke Grégore Iven , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes , Magalhães Lorena Lima , Sandreschi Paula Fabricio , da Silva Juliana Rezende Melo , da Silva Kelly Samara , Siqueira Fernando Carlos Vinholes , Hallal Pedro Curi , _ _ 
Published: April 2022

Background: This article presents the recommendations from the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. Methods: A steering committee composed of a chair, 6 experts in physical activity, and representatives from the Ministry of Health/Brazil, Pan American Health Organization, Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health designed the guidelines, which was implemented by 8 working groups, as follows: (1) understanding physical activity, (2) children up to 5 years old, (3) children and youth from 6 to 17 years old, (4) adults, (5) older adults (60 years and above), (6) physical education at school, (7) pregnant and postpartum women, and (8) people with disabilities. The methodological steps included evidence syntheses, hearings with key stakeholders, and public consultation. Results: Across 8 chapters, the guidelines provide definitions of physical activity and sedentary behavior, informing target groups on types of physical activity, dosage (frequency, intensity, and duration), benefits, and supporting network for physical activity adoption. The guidelines are openly available in Portuguese, Spanish, English, and Braille and in audio versions, with a supplementary guide for health professionals and decision makers, and a report about the preparation and references. Conclusions: The Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population provide evidence-based recommendations, being a public-directed resource to contribute to the physical activity promotion in Brazil.
Insights from Lu-Hf zircon isotopic data on the crustal evolution of Avalonia and Ganderia in the northern Appalachian orogen
Authors: Pollock Jeffrey C. , Barr Sandra M. , van Rooyen Deanne , White Chris E. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Avalonia and Ganderia are composite microcontinental fragments in the northern Appalachian orogen likely derived from Gondwanan sources. Avalonia includes numerous Neoproterozoic magmatic arc sequences that represent protracted and episodic subduction-related magmatism before deposition of an Ediacaran–Ordovician cover sequence of mainly siliciclastic rocks. We characterized the nature of the basement on which these arcs were constructed using zircon grains from arc-related magmatic rocks in Atlantic Canada that were analyzed for their Lu-Hf isotope composition. The majority of zircon grains from Avalonia are characterized by initial 176Hf/177Hf values that are more radiogenic than chondritic uniform reservoir, and calculated crust formation Hf TDM (i.e., depleted mantle) model ages range from 1.2 to 0.8 Ga. These data contrast with those from Ganderia, which show typically positive initial εHf values and Hf TDM model ages that imply magmatism was derived by melting of crustal sources with diverse ages ranging from ca. 1.8 to 1.0 Ga. The positive distribution of initial εHf values along with the pattern of Hf TDM model ages provide a clear record of two distinct subduction systems. Cryogenian–Ediacaran magmatism is interpreted to have resulted from reworking of an evolved Mesoproterozoic crustal component in a long-lived, subduction-dominated accretionary margin along the margin of northern Amazonia. A change in Hf isotope trajectory during the Ediacaran implies a greater contribution of isotopically evolved material consistent with an arc-arc–style collision of Ganderia with Avalonia. The shallow-sloping Hf isotopic pattern for Paleozoic Ganderian magmatism remains continuous for ~200 m.y., consistent with tectonic models of subduction in the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans and episodic accretion of juvenile crustal terranes to Laurentia.
Supplemental Material: Multiple phyla, one time resolution? Similar time averaging in benthic foraminifera, mollusk, echinoid, crustacean, and otolith fossil assemblages
Authors: Nawrot Rafał , al. et 
Published: April 2022

<p>Details on methods, Tables S1 and S2, Figures S1–S4, Appendix S1 (radiocarbon and AAR ages), and Appendix S2 (R script for analyzing the age data). </p>
Health checks for adults with intellectual disability and association with survival rates: a linked electronic records matched cohort study in Wales, UK
Authors: Kennedy Natasha , Kennedy Jonathan , Kerr Mike , Dredge Sam , Brophy Sinead 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo examine if mortality rates are lower in people with intellectual disability who have had a health check compared with those who have not had health checks.SettingGeneral practice records of 26 954 people with an intellectual disability in Wales between 2005–2017, of which 7650 (28.4%) with a health check were matched 1:2 with those without a health check.Primary outcome measureOffice of National Statistics mortality data; a Cox regression was utilised to examine time to death adjusted for comorbidities and gender.ResultsPatients who had a health check were stratified by those who (1) had a confirmed health check, that is, Read Code for a health check (n=7650 (28.4 %)) and (2) had no evidence of receiving a health check in their medical record. Patients with a health check were matched for age at time of health check with two people who did not have a health check. The health check was associated with improved survival for those with autism or Down’s Syndrome (HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.91) and HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.91), respectively). There was no evidence of improved survival for those diagnosed with diabetes or cancer. The people who had a health check were more likely to be older, have epilepsy and less likely to have autism or Down’s syndrome.ConclusionsHealth checks are likely to influence survival if started before a person is diagnosed with a chronic condition, especially for people with autism or Down’s syndrome.
Clinical perspectives on the identification of neurodevelopmental conditions in children and changes in referral pathways: qualitative interviews
Authors: Coughlan Barry , Woolgar Matt , Mann Alissa , Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivePrevious work has raised questions about the role of general practitioners (GPs) in the identification of neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorders (autism) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). This study aimed to explore how GPs identify these conditions in practice and their perspectives on recent changes to local referral pathways that mean referrals to the neurodevelopmental team come through educational professionals and health visitors, rather than GPs. This study also aimed to explore Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) specialist’s perspectives on the role of GPs.SettingGP practices, local neurodevelopmental services and specialist CAMHS services in the UK.Participants: semistructured interviews were conducted with GPs (n=8), specialists in local CAMHS (n=7), and professionals at national CAMHS services around the country (n=10). Interviews were conducted between January and May 2019. A framework approach informed by thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsGPs drew on various forms of tacit and explicit information including behavioural markers, parental report, prior knowledge of the family, expert and lay resources. Opinions varied between GPs regarding changes to the referral pathway, with some accepting the changes and others describing it as a ‘disaster’. CAMHS specialists tended to feel that GPs required more neurodevelopmental training and time to conduct consultations.ConclusionThis study adds to the literature showing that GPs use an array of information sources when making referral decisions for autism and ADHD. Further work is urgently required to evaluate the impact of reconfiguring neurodevelopmental referral pathways such that GPs have a diminished role in identification.
Influence of shift work on cardiovascular disease risk in Southern African long-distance truck drivers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Draaijer Melvin , Scheuermaier Karine , Lalla-Edward Samanta Tresha , Fischer Alex Emilio , Grobbee Diederick E , Venter Francois , Vos Alinda 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major problem globally. Truck drivers have an increased risk of CVD due to a sedentary lifestyle, irregular working hours and behavioural choices. We aimed to get insight into the contribution of night shift work to CVD risk in long-distance truck drivers in South Africa.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingEnrolment took place at three South African truck stop locations in two provinces; Bloemfontein (Free State), Pomona Road (Gauteng) and Soweto (Gauteng).Participants607 males aged ≥18 years with full-time employment as a long-distance truck driver were included. The criteria for inclusion were willingness and being able to provide informed consent and to complete the study procedures.Primary and secondary outcome measuresInformation was collected on sociodemographics, occupational and health characteristics. Physical measurements, an ECG and carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) measurements were taken. A night shift was defined as working at least 3 hours between 22:00 and 6:00 hours once a week. CVD risk was defined with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk algorithm, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and CIMT.ResultsIn total, 607 truck drivers were included of which 305 (50.2%) worked in day shifts only and 302 (49.8%) worked day and night shifts. There was a high prevalence of CVD risk factors in both groups as 33% were hypertensive, 28% obese and 37% had abnormal lipid levels. Working day and night shifts compared with working only day shifts did not result in differences in FRS, ASCVD risk or LVH. No difference was found in CIMT measurements, except for the maximum bulb thickness which was higher in day shift workers.ConclusionsCVD risk factors are considerably present in male truck drivers in South Africa. CVD risk does not differ between dayshift and day–night shift workers in this cross-sectional analysis.
Protocol of a prospective study investigating the association of PAncreatic parenchymal RISk factors with postoperative pancreatic fistula after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy (PARIS trial)
Authors: Schuh Fabian , Fink Matthias A , Feisst Manuel , Eckert Christoph , Dörr-Harim Colette , Knebel Phillip , Diener Markus K , Büchler Markus W , Mihaljevic André L , Probst Pascal 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPartial pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is the treatment of choice for many malignant and benign diseases of the pancreatic head. Postoperative complication rates of up to 40% are regularly reported. One of the most common and potentially life-threatening complication is the postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Parenchymal risk factors like main pancreatic duct diameter or texture of the pancreatic gland have already been identified in retrospective studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of parenchymal risk factors on POPF in a prospective manner.Methods and analysisAll patients scheduled for elective PD at the Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery of the University of Heidelberg will be screened for eligibility. As diagnostic factors, diameter and texture of the pancreatic gland as well as radiological and histopathological features will be recorded. Furthermore, the new four class risk classification system by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) will be recorded. The postoperative course will be monitored prospectively. The primary endpoint will be the association of the main pancreatic duct size and the texture of the pancreatic gland on POPF according to the updated ISGPS definition. The diagnostic value of the above-mentioned factors for POPF will be evaluated in a univariable and multivariable analysis.Ethics and disseminationPARIS is a monocentric, prospective, diagnostic study to evaluate the association of parenchymal risk factors and the development of POPF approved by the Ethics Committee of the medical faculty of Heidelberg University (S-344/2019). Results will be available in 2022 and will be published at national and international meetings. With this knowledge, the intraoperative and perioperative decision-making process could be eased and improve the individual outcome of patient.Trial registration numberDRKS00017184.
Emergency medical dispatchers’ experiences of managing emergency calls: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Torlén Wennlund Klara , Kurland Lisa , Olanders Knut , Khoshegir Amanda , Kamil Hussein Al , Castrén Maaret , Bohm Katarina 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the emergency medical dispatchers (EMDs) experiences of managing emergency medical calls.DesignA qualitative interview study with an inductive approach. EMDs were interviewed individually using a semistructured interview guide. The verbatim transcripts were analysed using a qualitative content analysis.SettingEMDs, without a professional background as registered nurses, were recruited from emergency medical communication centers (EMCCs) within Sweden.ParticipantsTo achieve a varied description of EMDs’ experiences, participants were included from several EMCCs nationally, using a convenience sampling. Interviews were performed up until saturation of data, resulting in 13 EMDs from 7 EMCCs being interviewed. All the EMDs were women, ranging in age from 28 to 61 years (mean 42 years), and had worked in emergency medical dispatching between 1 and 13.5 years (mean 6.5 years).ResultsThe analysis revealed the main category—to attentively manage a multifaceted, interactive task—made up of three categories: utilize creativity to gather information, continuously process and assess complex information, and engage in the professional role. The content of each category was reflected in several subcategories further described and illustrated with representative quotes.ConclusionsManaging emergency medical calls was experienced by EMDs to attentively manage a multifaceted interactive task. Core parts were described as: the ability to utilize creativity to gather information, continuously process and asses complex information, and engage in the professional role. Our results could be beneficial for emergency care managers when designing training programmes and organising EMD work and the EMD work environment, including further development of dispatch protocols and implementation of regular feedback sessions. Moreover, the results indicate that aspects such as self-awareness and emotional challenges encountered during EMD work could be important matters to discuss during staff evaluations.
A cohort study of duplicate faecal immunochemical testing in patients at risk of colorectal cancer from North-West England
Authors: Hunt Natalie , Rao Christopher , Logan Robert , Chandrabalan Vishnu , Oakey Jane , Ainsworth Claire , Smith Neil , Banerjee Saswata , Myers Martin 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesWe sought to investigate if duplicate faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) sampling improves the negative and positive predictive value of patients thought to be at risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Specifically, we aimed to investigate whether the proportion of FIT-negative CRC missed by a single FIT test in symptomatic patients could be reduced by duplicate FIT testing.DesignA retrospective service evaluation cohort study of the diagnostic accuracy of duplicate FIT testing.SettingPatients referred from primary care with suspected CRC to four secondary care trusts in North-West England.Participants28 622 patients over 18-years-old with lower gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of CRC who completed two FIT samples.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe performance of duplicate FIT for detecting CRC at a threshold of 10 µgHb/g.ResultsThe sensitivity if either test was >10 µgHb/g was 0.978 (0.955–0.989), specificity was 0.662 (0.657–0.668), positive predictive value 0.031 (0.028–0.035) and negative predictive value 1.00 (0.999–1.00). Despite two-thirds of patients (18952) being negative following two tests, at this threshold only seven CRC were missed over a 26-month period. All seven patients had other high-risk features which should have prompted investigation.ConclusionsThis study suggests that in routine NHS practice, a duplicate FIT sample strategy together with clinical evaluation for evidence of anaemia and weight loss is superior to a single FIT sample alone and would allow symptomatic patients to be managed in primary care without the need for urgent referral to secondary care for urgent colonic imaging.