bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Surgery for Concomitant Cruciate and Meniscus Injuries Increase or Decrease Subsequent Comorbidities at 2 Years?
Authors: Cook Chad E. , Zhou Liang , Bolognesi Michael , Sheean Andrew J. , Barlow Brian T. , Rhon Daniel I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConcomitant cruciate and meniscus injuries of the knee are generally associated with acute trauma and commonly treated with surgical intervention. Comorbidities (simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions) may be acquired from changes in activity levels and lifestyle after an injury and/or treatment. This study aimed to compare differences in comorbidity proportions between surgical and nonsurgical approaches in Military Health System beneficiaries who had concurrent cruciate and meniscus injuries. The retrospective case control design included 36-month data that were analyzed to reflect 12 months prior to injury/surgery and 24 months after injury/surgery. A comparison of differences within and between groups in surgical and nonsurgical approaches was calculated and logistic regression was used to determine if surgery increased or decreased the odds of comorbidities at 24 months. In our sample of 2,438 individuals with concurrent meniscus and cruciate injury, 79.1% (n = 1,927) received surgical intervention and 20.9% (n = 511) elected for nonoperative management. All comorbidities demonstrated significant within-group differences from pre- to postsurgery for those with a surgical intervention; approximately, half the comorbidities increased (i.e., concussion or traumatic brain injury, insomnia, other sleep disorders, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and tobacco abuse disorder), whereas the other half decreased (i.e., chronic pain, apnea, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, mental health other, depression, and substance abuse disorders). The odds of acquiring a comorbid diagnosis after surgery reflected the bivariate comparisons with half increasing and half decreasing in odds. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore comorbidity changes with a control group for individuals with concurrent meniscus and cruciate injuries.
Contemporary Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: Medical Treatment and Management
Authors: Moreland Stephen , Mukherjee Debabrata , Nickel Nils P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPulmonary embolus (PE) is defined as obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by material (e.g., thrombus, tumor, air, or fat) but most commonly due to thrombus originating from the lower extremity deep veins.We reviewed the current literature describing the optimal medical treatment and management of PE.Databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, and CINAHL) were searched for relevant studies and guidelines for management of patients with PE.The initial approach to patients with suspected PE should focus upon stabilizing the patient while further workup for risk stratification is in progress. In most cases, anticoagulation should ideally be started even prior to confirming PE, if risk–benefit regarding suspicion of PE and bleeding risk is favorable.Once the diagnosis is confirmed, risk stratification will guide further therapies consisting of anticoagulation, thrombolysis, or catheter-directed interventions. Data for initial, long-term, and indefinite anticoagulation, and factors that determine whether or not a patient can be treated in the outpatient setting, are reviewed and discussed.
Local strain-dependent Zeeman splitting in GaN:Eu
Authors: Okuno Tomohiro , Onoda Ryota , Toyoshima Lisa , Miyata Kasumi , Sekiguchi Hiroto , Wakahara Akihiro , Nakaoka Toshihiro 
Published: July 2022

The electronic spins of rare-earth materials are attractive candidates for spin qubits and quantum memories. To access individual spins, tuning of the g-factor is desirable. Here, we report on local strain-dependent g-factors of the 5D0–7F2 transitions of Eu3+ centers in GaN:Eu thin films. We have found a clear correlation between the effective g-factor and the emission energy shift induced by the local strain. The combination of micro-photoluminescence and scanning electron microscope/electron backscattering diffraction measurements has revealed that the compressive strain of 0.2%–0.4%, relative to a surrounding reference point, induces an energy shift of about 3 meV. The strain decreases the g-factor of the emission at 1.991 eV from 2.5 to 1.5, while the strain increases the g-factor of the emission at 1.994 eV from 1.1 to 1.7. The result suggests that the g-factor can be tuned by the local strain. On the basis of the strain-induced energy shift and the g-factor, we have identified the optical sites. The 5D0–7F2 transitions observed in this study consist of three optical sites with C3v symmetry and one site with C1h symmetry.
A broadband Fabry–Perot resonator antenna using partially reflecting surface with positive reflection phase gradient
Authors: Zhu Lele , Liu Yufeng , Liang Jiyu , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Wenmei , Gao Yang 
Published: July 2022

A novel Fabry–Perot resonator antenna with a wide impedance- and gain-bandwidth is proposed in this paper. A wideband aperture-coupled microstrip antenna is used as the primary source, and a single-layer frequency selective surface with a positive reflection phase gradient is designed as a partially reflective surface. To validate the proposed approach, a prototype antenna operating in the X-band is designed, fabricated, and measured. Both simulation and measured results indicate that the proposed antenna exhibits wideband characteristics. The measured impedance bandwidth (|S11| &lt; −10 dB) is 64.4%, ranging from 8.68 to 15.12 GHz. The experiments demonstrate that a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 31.9% from 8.61 to 11.80 GHz with a peak gain of 14.0 dBi at 10 GHz is achieved. In addition, the proposed antenna reveals good directional radiation patterns, low side-lobe level, and low cross-polarization over the whole working band.
Stabilization
Authors: Pienemann Manfred , Lanze Frank , Nicholas Howard , Lenzing Anke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We accord with Mike Long’s rejection of fossilization as a concept able to describe or explain second language acquisition. And we share his bewilderment (Long, 2003, p. 512f.) that since most studies of fossilization make reference to explanatory factors external to language and cognition, “[s]urprisingly, no one seems to have considered the possibility that if fossilization is, as Selinker (1972) claimed, a cognitive mechanism producing the non-target end-state also called ‘fossilization’, there is no need for other explanations …”. In this paper we take up Mike’s proposition that stabilization might be a more viable alternative to fossilization and propose exactly what Mike asked for, a cognitive mechanism. We demonstrate that in SLA, linguistic simplification, one aspect of stabilization, is a dynamic process that follows its own regularities. We show that it can be modeled in an AI simulation of SLA using the mathematical formalisms of dynamical systems theory that are implied in agent-based modeling. In doing this we show that the formal, mathematical architecture of dynamical systems theory is particularly well suited for a simulation of the cognitive stabilisation mechanism that Mike Long asked for, because agent-based modeling can operate entirely on the basis of the internal dynamics of identifiable stabilization mechanisms, and they can lead to tipping points at which the system may abruptly change direction. Differing from the postmodern DST metaphors that are currently popular among some applied linguists (e.g., Larsen-Freeman, 2006), we have followed Long’s (2003) call for an operationalized concept that is testable. In this chapter, our agent-based model is fully operationalized and tested against longitudinal empirical data. Our chapter spans a period of four decades during which the first author and Mike interacted. Many of these interactions left traces in the research described here. Contextualising this research in its ‘historical’ background may be helpful in tracing the development of ideas that lead up to the AI simulation of SLA reported in this chapter. As the reader will see, many of these ideas were intentionally or unintentionally inspired or provoked by Mike’s critique, comments, suggestions and the presence of his critical mind.
The uncertainty principle in second language acquisition
Authors: Rastelli Stefano 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents three themes that I have discussed with Mike Long on different occasions in recent years: The Discontinuity Hypothesis, the necessity to study the ‘intra-language’ (in addition to the ‘interlanguage’) and the uncertainty principle. The latter is the idea that abstract rules and statistical regularities are entangled states of mind in a L2 learner’s competence, to the extent that researchers can never know whether learners are recognizing a morphosyntactic form (due to its frequency) or they are generating that form by a rule (due to abstract ‘labels that predate the input’). Uncertainty implies that what we can uncover about a learner’s implicit competence depends on how such competence is measured.
Performance on second language speaking tasks
Authors: Skehan Peter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This chapter will discuss research into the effects of task characteristics and task conditions on second language performance. It explores a range of task characteristics, such as information structure and familiarity, as well as the operations upon such information. It will also consider the effects of task conditions such as pre-task planning and task repetition. The organisational ‘frame’ for this discussion will be Levelt’s distinction between the stages of Conceptualisation and Formulation. Task characteristics and task conditions will be related to these two stages in speaking, indicating how each stage might be positively or negatively affected. This leads into a discussion of how the task research findings which have been covered are relevant in a pedagogic context. In particular, there is a focus on how second language speakers can achieve a parallel rather than a serial mode of speech, through the use of supportive tasks and task conditions, and the avoidance of impediments which could impair their performance.
Establishing a theoretical framework for AVT research
Authors: Kruger Jan-Louis , Liao Sixin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Empirical research on the cognitive processing of audiovisual translation (AVT)
products has been thriving over the past decade. While the use of cutting-edge experimental tools such as eye trackers has drawn
increasing scholarly attention and accelerated the progress in understanding the complex mental processes involved in the
reception of multimodal AVT products, relatively less attention has been devoted to the importance of establishing a theoretical
framework or cognitive model that can explain and predict the behaviours observed in empirical experiments. By reviewing numerous
theories or cognitive models relevant to AVT research in explaining how different perceptual and cognitive systems operate for
understanding multimodal products, this paper calls for engagement with these theoretical frameworks and models to work towards a
robust model that can generate testable hypotheses for the integration and interaction of multiple sources of information involved
in the processing of AVT or other multimodal products.
Features of granulometric and material composition of road dust, bottom sediments and soils in the Rostov region
Authors: Fedorov Yu A , Chepurnaya V I , Dotsenko I V , Gar’kusha D N , Mikhailenko A V 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn expedition was carried out to take samples of road dust, soils, sediments at the water’s edge and bottom sediments of watercourses and reservoirs of Eastern Donbass and other districts of the Rostov region. The goal was to study the granulometric composition of the selected material. In all samples, particles with a dimension of less than 0.01 mm were dominant, while particles with a diameter of <0.002 played a subordinate role. Particles with a diameter of <0.01 prevailed in the composition of the studied samples, regardless of the place of their selection. It was found that the content of the sum of fractions with particle sizes < 0.01 mm and <0.002 are in the selected samples in the following sequence: bottom sediments > sediments at the water’s edge > soil > road dust. The composition of natural formations includes soil particles, aggregates of clay particles, fine sand-siltstone quartz grains, calcite, feldspar, gypsum, single grains of magnetite and titanomagnetite. Technogenic impurities in the dust were represented by aluminosilicate microspheres, metal particles of varying degrees of corrosion, carbon particles.
Ethnobotany in the city: Medicinal tree species in university green space
Authors: Susilowati A , Ginting I M , Rachmat H H , Dwiyanti F G , Iswanto A H , Sucipto T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The university’s green open space (UGS) serves as the city’s lungs, climate stabilization, improving bioclimate conditions, and reducing dust. In addition to these functions, UGS also acts as a provider of medical materials. The purpose of this study was to identify tree species containing medicinal properties on the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) campus in Padang Bulan. The field inventory was employed in this research by collecting data on all tree species in 120 hectares of the campus area. Furthermore, the utilization of each tree species identified was assessed using the book Indonesian Useful Plants. The research showed that, 65.29% tree species classified into 27 families on the USU campus could be a source of natural medicinal properties. Polyalthia longifolia had the largest number of individuals, while Premna corymbosa had the fewest. The leaf is the most commonly used organ based on the part used (55.69 %). Trees on the USU campus provide such a number of advantages, including treating cancer, antioxidants, anti malarial, and other therapies. Our research pointed out that, the presence of green space at the University is important to the conservation of biological diversity and potential tree species.
Response of growth and production of excellent variety of gogo inpago 12 agritan rice to the number of seed per different planting holeand different depth of soil treatment
Authors: Ginting J , Meiriani  , Sitepu F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The study was done at the Palawija Seedling Center, Tanjung Selamat, Regency of Deli Serdang, North Sumatra Province, Medan, Indonesia, with an altitude of about 50 meters above sea level. The research was carried out from July to November 2021. This study aims to obtain the best amount of grain per planting hole in the optimal depth of tillage for the growth and yield of upland paddy varieties Inpago 12 Agritan. The research method used a factorial randomized block design. From the results of this research, it was concluded that the depth of tillage had an affect on plant height while the amount of tillers had no affect. The best amount of seeds per planting hole was 6 grains per planting hole based on the amount of tillers per plant clump.
Quantity and Quality Test of DNA Marigold Plants (Tagetes erecta L.) for the Suistainability of Plant Breeding
Authors: Pangaribuan O , Hanafiah D S , Setiado H , Simamora J R M , Sari N W 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Marigold is one of the potential commercial flowers and demand continues toincrease. The high demand for marigold plants among the community so that the need for mutation plant breeding for marigold plants. It is hoped that giving mutations, it can increase genetic diversity in marigold plants which will be used as material for plant breeding activities to form new superior marigold varieties. This study aimed to examine the quantity and quality of mutant DNA marigold plants for the suistainabiliy of plant breeding. This research was conducted in the molecular genetics laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The DNA of 5 mutant samples of marigold plants was isolated using the CTAB extraction method. The results showed that the lines that had bright and thick band patterns were found in samples P0, P2, P3 and P4 while thin and less bright bands were found insample P1. The purity of the resulting DNA ranged from 1.84 to 2.00 and the concentration of the resulting DNA ranged from 30.2 to 53.7 g/ml.
Farm business analysis and marketing channels for Andaliman agroforestry in Humbang Hasundutan District
Authors: Pane T C , Rumaijuk B T , Jufri M , Khaliqi M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As an endemic plant from the vicinity forest around Lake Toba area in North Sumatera Province, Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) is very beneficial. However, its utilization depends on Batak communities’ traditions so that it is not cultivated and marketed extensively. Due to the uncertain price at the farmers level which had become an obstacle in marketing Andaliman, this study was conducted to provide data and suggestions about farm business analysis and marketing channels for Andaliman agroforestry in Humbang Hasundutan District, hoping it can assist in formulating policies related to price stabilization. The study results show that the farmers’ income was still very varied between IDR 2,441.03-73,882.37 with an average IDR 31,080.32. The Andaliman’s marketing channels in Humbang Hasundutan District consisted of three channels, where Channel I was the longest and most common one, with four marketing agencies involved, namely the farmers, the village level middlemen, the district level middlemen, and the retailers.
Causal Loop Diagram approach of rice supply in anticipation of rice shortage in North Sumatera
Authors: Lindawati  , Emalisa  , Zulfida I 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rice is a staple food that requires important management in anticipating food shortages. This study aims to design a Causal Loop Diagram on the condition of rice supply in North Sumatera. The research was conducted in North Sumatera with the consideration that this area is the center of rice production which has decreased. The results of the study show that there are 32 variables that explain the causal relationship in the form of a Causal Loop Diagram of rice supply. Rice supply in North Sumatera is an accumulation of production, government rice reserves and imports. Rice consumption is assumed to only take into account consumption in North Sumatera without any exports outside the region. Positive and negative production is obtained through a combination of several factors of production. The total number of rice imports will positively increase with rice imports imported from several countries. The government’s rice reserves in Bulog come from the initial stock plus rice intake. The consumption of rice by the community will reduce the supply of rice in North Sumatera. Rice consumption increases in line with the increase in population and per capita rice consumption
The development potential level of Bagan Serdang mangrove ecotourism, Pantai Labu Subdistrict
Authors: Ulfa M , Harahap M M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ecotourism is a type of ethical travel that preserves the natural environment while also benefiting the local community culturally, socially, and economically if implemented correctly. Ecotourism in the Bagan Serdang mangrove forest was initiated in 2018 as an effort to make this area as one of the leading tourism alternatives with mangrove-based edu-tourism Recently, the condition of mangrove vegetation is degraded in several spots, facilities and infrastructure are neglected and even damaged, and accessibility is not optimal. These, on the other hand, are some of the factors that must be considered for the feasibility of developing ecotourism in mangrove areas. This research aims to identify the development potential level of Bagan Serdang mangrove ecotourism. Data collecting was done through the field observation and the potency of ecotourism development was measured based on ADO-ODTWA guidebook from Indonesian Forestry Department. The attraction of Bagan Serdang mangrove ecotourism had a moderate potential level with 21 species of vegetation and 9 species of fauna. Accessibility and accommodation had a low potential level, whereas facilities and infrastructures had a high potential level. The low potential criteria were suggested to be priority in the ecotourism development of Bagan Serdang.
Economic valuation of green open space (GOS) as climate change mitigation
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Patana P , Marsudi S , Yosia B M , Sudianto G , marpaung R B , Lumbantobing S D , Ihsani U M , Raini W A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Green open space (GOS) is an area whose use is open and dominated by vegetation. GOS in the urban landscape is needed to beautify and increase the comfort of the city. Because it is dominated by vegetation, GOS can also function to absorb CO2 gas in urban air. GOS also plays a role in mitigating climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to determine the economic value of GOS in mitigating climate change in Stabat City, Langkat Regency. The method used is using the Contingent valuation method (CVM). The results showed that the economic value of GOS in mitigating climate change in Stabat City was Rp.809,099,537.04/year.
Distribution of Chlorophyll-a and Sea Surface Temperature for Skipjack in Nias Water
Authors: Fadhilah A , Siahaan K , Saridu S A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The fishing area for skipjack is always in a state of change following changes in environmental conditions, which naturally causes fish to choose suitable habitats. Sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a are factors that affect skipjack fishing areas. The purpose of this study was to look at the potential distribution of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a for skipjack fishing areas in the waters of Nias. The data was taken from the Aqua MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite from 2015-2018. Data processing is divided into three seasons, namely transitional season I, east season, and transitional season II. The results showed that the waters of Nias have an average sea surface temperature of 29.40°C – 31.05°C with an average chlorophyll-a ranging from 0.108 mg/m3 – 0.146 mg/m3. Based on the analysis of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a, the potential fishing area is assumed to be in transition II with an average seasonal catch of 2497.8 kg with a potential temperature range of 29.73°C and a range of chlorophyll-a the potential is 0.14 mg/m3.
Quantum technology and human rights: an agenda for collaboration*
Authors: Krishnamurthy Vivek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Quantum technologies have the potential to transform many aspects of our lives as they come into wider use, but how do we ensure that these technologies promote human rights instead of harming them? This article will draw lessons from our collective experience in managing the human rights impacts of internet technologies to help the quantum science and technology community build and develop technologies that respect and promote the fundamental rights of all people.