bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School-Based Educational Interventions on Prevention and Control of Malaria—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chokkara Roja , Avudaiappan Seethalakshmi , Anitharani M , Eapen Alex 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT.
Student messengers act as change agents for health and modify the behavior of their families as well as the community. Integration of the school health programs with malaria education enhances the participation of school teachers, parents, as well as the local community in malaria elimination. The objective of this review is to strengthen the evidence for school-based health educational interventions for malaria control and prevention activities. We searched six databases namely PubMed Central, Science Direct, CINAHL with full text, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Pro-Quest to find relevant studies between January 2001 and March 2022 based on PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trial, before–after intervention, and quasi-experimental study designs were included and a meta-analysis was carried out using the random-effect model to pool out the results by using Rev-man 5.4 software. In this review, 13 studies were included. The pooled outcome of school-based educational interventions on malaria was moderate (Standardized Mean Difference—2.59) and a significant difference was observed in intervention and control schools (Z = 7.33, P < 0.00001). In conclusion, this review identified the facts for the prevention and control of malaria through school-based educational interventions. Our findings strengthen the concept of malaria elimination through student messengers to mobilize the local community.
Prevalence and risk factors for visual impairment among elderly patients attending the eye clinic at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mulinde Ben , Atukunda Immaculate , Kawooya Ismael , O Sebabi Francis , Mukunya David , Batte Charles , Nakanjako Damalie , Nakiyingi Lydia , Nalukenge Caroline , Nakubulwa Faith , A Musiika Anne , Otiti-Sengeri Juliet 
Published: August 2022

Background: The elderly have an increased risk of developing visual impairment (VI). Due to the increase in life expectancy of individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa, the population of the elderly is projected to increase. It is thus postulated that the prevalence of VI will increase which is currently unknown in Uganda.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for VI among the elderly at Mulago National Referral Hospital eye clinic in Uganda.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 2020 with consecutive enrolment of patients aged 60 years and above. Obtaining history was followed by systemic and ocular examination. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with VI.Results: Of 346 elderly participants examined, 174 (50.3%) were males and median age was 67 (IQR 63-74). Prevalence of VI was 32.1%. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness 54.1%, followed by refractive error (21.6%), glaucoma (11.7%), and corneal opacities (5.4%). Age (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR): 1.05, 95% CI (1.02, 1.06)), history of diabetes mellitus (aPR: 1.46, 95%CI (1.04, 2.05)), history of hypertension (aPR: 1.46, 95%CI (1.10, 1.93)), having completed primary level of education (aPR: 0.74, 95%CI (0.55, 0.98)) and secondary level of education (aPR: 0.47, 95%CI (0.30,0.73)), presence of a cataract at examination (aPR: 2.28, 95%CI (1.66, 3.13)) were statistically significantly associated with VI.
Conclusion: In Mulago hospital, the prevalence of VI among the elderly is high with majority of the causes being correctable. We recommend that efforts towards early case identification of causes of VI among the elderly should be a priority.
Keywords: Visual impairment; elderly patients; eye clinic; Mulago National Referral Hospital; Uganda.
Makerere’s contribution to the development of a high impact HIV research population-based cohort in the Rakai Region, Uganda
Authors: Nelson Kankaka Edward , Nalugoda Fred , Serwadda David , Makumbi Fredrick , J Wawer Maria , H Gray Ronald , C Quinn Thomas , J Reynolds Steven , Nakigozi Gertrude , Lutalo Tom , Kigozi Godfrey , K Sewankambo Nelson , Kagaayi Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Longitudinal population-based cohort studies can provide critical insights on temporal, spatial and sociodemographic changes in health status and health determinants that are not obtained by other study designs. However, establishing and maintaining such a cohort study can be challenging and expensive. Here, we describe the role of Makerere University in the development and conduct of such a cohort. We chronicle the first academia-led reports of HIV in East Africa; how this led to initiation of the Rakai Community Cohort Study in 1988, the first and oldest HIV cohort in sub-Saharan Africa; its impact on HIV prevention, care and treatment; how the cohort has been maintained; and opportunities, challenges, and future directions including non-communicable diseases.
Keywords: Makerere; high impact HIV research; Rakai Region; Uganda.
Nigella sativa oil ingestion mitigates aluminum chloride induced cerebella oxidative, neurogenic damages and impaired motor functions in rats
Authors: Imam Aminu , Sulaimon Fatimo Ajoke , Sheu Monsur , Busari Maryam , Oyegbola Christianah , Okesina Akeem Ayodeji , Afodun Adam Moyosore , Adana Misturat Yetunde , Ajao Moyosore Salihu 
Published: August 2022

Varying neurological effects, and impairments to motor functions, neurochemistry and neuromorphology have been associated with Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) induced neurotoxicity. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in AlCl3 induced cerebellar toxicity in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and received: normal saline; 100 mg/kg.bw of AlCl3; 100 mg/kg.bw AlCl3 and 1 ml/kg.bw of NSO; and 1 ml/kg.bw, orally and daily for fourteen days. On the 13th day of the experiment, the rats were each exposed to a single trial of the Open Field Test (OFT), of which line crossing frequency, rearing frequency, and freezing period were recorded as measures of exploratory and locomotive behaviours of the animals. By day 15, the rats were euthanized, their brains were excised, the cerebellum dissected from five brains of each group, and homogenized for iochemical evaluations of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The remaining three brains in each group were processed for histology and Ki67 immunohistochemistry investigations. The results of this study shows that AlCl3 impaired motor related behaviours in the AlCl3 exposed animals, by significantly reducing the line crossing and rearing frequencies, and increasing the freezing period. This effect was observed to be mitigated in the animal group that received NSO following AlCl3 administration, as the animals showed improved motor behaviours. AlCl3 also caused an increase in the cerebellar activities of NO and ROS, while it depleted Ki67 expressions and caused neurodegenerative-like effects in the cerebellar histoarchitecture of the exposed animals. Intervention with NSO depleted ROS/NO levels and protected the cerebellum from the nitrosative and oxidative stress induced by AlCl3. NSO was also observed to preserve the cerebellar cortex histoarchitecture and neurogenic morphology against the neurodegenerative effect of AlCl3. It can be concluded that NSO, with its high efficacy against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, is a potent natural therapeutic agent in aluminum and heavy metal neurotoxicity.
Separate and combined sub-acute effects of artesunate, amodiaquine on spatial memory and hippocampal morphology of adult Wistar rats
Authors: Popoola AbdulGafar Niyi , Imosemi Innocent Ohiorenuan 
Published: August 2022

We evaluated the sub-acute effect of artesunate (AS), amodiaquine (AQ) and AS plus AQ on the structure and function of the hippocampus of adult Wistar rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats weighing between 110-215 g, were divided into 4 groups (n=10); group A-control (CT) rats administered distilled water, group B-4 mg/kg, AS, group C-10 mg/kg, AQ and group D- 4 mg/kg, AS + 10 mg/kg, AQ body weight. Drugs were administered orally for 3 days and neurobehavioral tests (Morris water maze) for spatial memory and cognition done from day 11 to 14. The rats were sacrificed on the day 15 and blood sample collected for full blood count. The rat brain of all groups was excised, and the hippocampus dissected out, fixed in 10% formol-saline and processed for histology and immunohistochemical (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP (astrocytes) and inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS (oxidative stress)) studies. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA at p<0.05. Subacute evaluation showed that the AQ-treated rats had significantly increased swimming time and distance, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) compared with the CT and other groups. Histologically, there was decreased Cornus Ammonis 1 (CA 1) pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus of the AS and AQ-treated rats compared with the CT group. Increased astrocyte population was observed in the hippocampus of AS and AQ groups compared with the CT and AS+AQ groups, as well as increased iNOS expressions compared with the CT group. Subacute evaluation of the adult rat hippocampus indicated that amodiaquine decreased spatial memory and increased blood cell counts, while artesunate and amodiaquine induced oxidative stress resulting in pyknosis of and decreased pyramidal CA1 neurons and caused astrogliosis.
Abduction threat surviving skills in teacher education curriculum key to learners’ safety in school environment
Authors: Ofoegbu, Jude Uzodinma,  , Ekarika, Catherine Boniface,  , Anthony, Pius Effiom,  , Eke Ogbu Eke,  
Published: August 2022

The study adopted survey design to determine MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE UMUDIKE and ALVAN IKOKU FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION OWERRI teacher educators’ perceptions on infusing abduction threat surviving skills on teacher education curriculum for students’ safety in school environment. Researchers’ made attitude questionnaire titled” Teachers-educator Questionnaire on Infusing Abduction Threat Surviving Skills in Teacher education curriculum” (TEQIAST) was used for data collection. It had reliability coefficient of 0.77, determined using Cronbach Alpha. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation in answering research questions while the hypothesis was tested using t-test statistical tool tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that teacher educators have positive perceptions on infusing abduction threat surviving skills in teacher education curriculum for students’ safety in school environment It was recommended among others that there is need to infuse abduction threat surviving skills in relevant courses in teacher education curriculum for safety of students in school environment.
Budaya Batak Toba Berziarah Ke Kuburan Ditinjau Dari Kebenaran Alkitab
Authors: Pakpahan Duma Fitri 
Published: August 2022

Suku Batak memiliki budaya yang beragam sebagai pedoman yang mengatur dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu budaya tersebut adalah berziarah ke kuburan dan memiliki arti tersendiri bagi mereka yang melakukannya. Masalah yang akan diteliti berkaitan dengan ini adalah bagaimana adat berziarah ke kubur ditinjau dari kebenaran Alkitab. Dalam hal ini, penulis melakukan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan memadukan teori dari para teolog dan kebenaran Alkitab di PL dan PB berkaitan dengan ziarah ke kubur ini. Dari hasil dan pembahasan maka dapat disimpulkan baik dari PL maupun PB ada beberapa penyimpangan yang sering dilakukan oleh suku Batak dalam sikap yang esensi berkaitan dengan ziarah ke kubur ini.
SURVIVING TRADITIONAL MUSIC INSTRUMENTS OF DUSUN TINDAL WITHIN ITS MODERN COMMUNITY IN KAMPUN TINUHAN
Authors: CHONG LEE SUAN  
Published: August 2022

Kertas ini meneliti alat muzik Dusun Tindal yang dijumpai dalam masyarakat moden di Kampung Tinuhan.Kampung Tinuhan terletak di Tenghilan di barat utara Sabah. Dusun Tindal tergolong dalam kumpulan etnikterbesar di Sabah iaitu Kadazandusun. Sejak 1990-an, Dusun Tindal di Tenghilan telah mula kehilangansebahagian besar daripada budaya tradisional muzik mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, kumpulan etnikini masih terus memegang beberapa tradisi kuno mereka, sungguhpun kini terdapat perkembanganmuzik baru yang bertujuan untuk meneroka ke dalam industri muzik tempatan dan demi mengekalkankepentingan anak-anak mereka dalam mempelajari alat muzik tradisional. Kertas kerja ini melihat kepada struktur fizikal dan unsur-unsur musizik dalam alat musik tradisional Dusun Tindal yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan harian masyarakat etnik ini.
CÉLÉNGAN (PIGGY BANK) DALAM PERSPEKTIF WARISAN BUDAYA BUKAN BENDA
Authors: ALAMSYAH ANIDU , INDARWANTO  
Published: August 2022

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan céléngan (piggy bank) dalam perspektif warisan budaya tak-benda (intangible cultural heritage). Céléngan merupakan sebutan untuk seluruh tempat penyimpanan uang, atau menabung di Indonesia. Kata ini berasal dari kata céléng dalam bahasa Jawa yang artinya babi hutan ternak, dan memakai akhiran -an dalam kaidah bahasa Jawa, sehingga céléngan berarti sesuatu yang bersifat seperti céléng. Berdasarkan perspektif warisan budaya tak-benda, menyimpan uang (nyéléngi) ke dalam céléngan merupakan manifestasi nilai-nilai mengembang-biakkan babi hutan liar (wök) di dalam peternakan babi hutan (pacéléngan) di masa Jawa Kuno. Secara filosofis, di pacéléngan inilah pola makan wök dikendalikan, namun pemiliknya tetap mendapat keuntungan dari tingginya tingkat reproduksi babi hutan tersebut jika dibandingkan dengan hewan ternak lain. Di dalam céléngan, koin gobog sebagai mata uang pecahan terkecil yang dianggap kurang berarti pada masa itu dikumpulkan, dan saat koin ini telah memenuhi céléngan, maka céléngan pun dipecahkan untuk diambil isinya, sehingga nilai gobog dalam jumlah yang banyak ini menjadi sangat berarti. Nilai-nilai ini diwariskan lintasgenerasi, sehingga kegiatan nyéléngi ke dalam céléngan, dan produksi céléngan terus berlangsung di beberapa wilayah Jawa, Indonesia.

This article aims to describe the piggy bank (Bahasa Indonesia, and Java: céléngan) in the intangible cultural heritage perspective. Céléngan is a name for all of piggy bank in Indonesia. The name of céléngan come from céléng in Javanese which mean farmed wild boar, and using the -an suffix in Javanesse linguistic, so céléngan means something that is like a céléng (farmed wild boar). Based on intangible cultural heritage perspective, saving money (Javanese: nyéléngi) into the piggy bank (Javanese: céléngan) as the manifestation of the norms of breeding wild boar (Javanese: wök) into the farm (Javanese: pacéléngan) in ancient Java. Philosophically, in the pacéléngan, the farmer may control the dietary habit of the wök, and he take the advantage by its ability to reproduce more often than other livestock species. In the céléngan the gobog coin as the smallest denomination of money are collected, when it was full filled by coins, it must be smashed to obtain coins within, so the owner will feel more satisfied by the amount of coins. This norms is transmitted from one generation to the next, so the activity of nyéléngi into the céléngan, and the production of céléngan is still exist in many part of Java, Indonesia.
Fruit Fly Maggots as Alternative Feed to Improve Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens) Fecundity, Eggs Hatchability and Fry Survivability
Authors: Tan Sze Huey  , KV Chua , JY Liew , CH Hasnita 
Published: August 2022

Siamese fighting fish or bettas are highly favoured for their aesthetical value and kept as ornamental fish. They are widely bred to satisfy the market demands. However, large-scale production of bettas is hampered by the relatively high rate of mortality compared to the number of eggs laid. The nutrition intake literally influences the reproductive performance and eggs quality. Therefore, it is plausible to improve the survivability of betta fry through dietary manipulation. Bettas can be fed with a variety of feeds. Bloodworms and commercially available pellets are commonly used. Fruit fly maggots emerged as potential anti-infective agents and have been used as alternative fish feed. Therefore, this study aims to harness the beneficial properties of maggots to enhance reproductive performance and increase the survivability of the bettas. The effects on fecundity, eggs hatchability and fry survivability of maggot feed were compared with the other common feed, namely bloodworms and commercial pellet. The results showed that maggots can serve as an alternative feed for bettas whereby it gave an average hatchability rate of 65% and survivability rate of 69%. Although the mean hatchability and survivability rate did not differ significantly from the other two feeds, this study suggests the attainable yet economic feeding material, has the potential to inaugurate further studies to enhance the production of bettas on large scale.
ANALISIS UNSUR INTRINSIK DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI GORESAN PENA ANAK MATEMATIKA
Authors: Septiani Eka , Sari Nur Indah 
Published: August 2022

Perkembangan aktivitas sastra semakin ramai menjamur di berbagai kota. Kegiatan baca, lomba, pembuatan antologi, bedah buku, peluncuran buku dll. Kegiatan ini ada yang berskala lokal maupun nasional. Di masa mendatang diharapkan akan banyak lagi masyarakat menyukai dunia sastra termasuk puisi terutama di kalangan milenial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa menciptakan karya sastra berupa puisi, (2) mengumpulkan karya sastra puisi mahasiswa menjadi sebuah antologi puisi, (3) menganalisis unsur intrinsik dari puisi yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Kegiatan ini sebagai upaya membangkitkan semangat generasi milenial menciptakan karya sastra berupa puisi dan mengumpulkannya menjadi sebuah buku antologi puisi.<div> </div><div>Kata kunci: Unsur Intrinsik Puisi, Kumpulan Puisi</div><div> </div><div>Abstract: The development of literary activities is increasingly crowded in various cities. Reading activities, competitions, making anthologies, book reviews, book launches etc. These activities are local and national in scale. In the future, it is hoped that many people will like the world of literature, including poetry, especially among millennials.This study aims to (1) improve the college students ‘ability to create literary works in the form of poetry, (2) collect students’ literary works of poetry into an anthology of poetry, (3) analyze the intrinsic elements of poetry made by the college students.This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. This activity is an effort to raise the spirit of the millennial generation to create literary works in the form of poetry and collect them into a poetry anthology book.</div><div> </div><div>Keyword: The Intrinsic Element Poetry, Poetry Collection</div><div> </div>
PEMBAHASAN TOPIK PERLUASAN KALIMAT DALAM BUKU TATA BAHASA BAKU BAHASA INDONESIA DAN TATA BAHASA PRAKTIS BAHASA INDONESIA: ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN
Authors: Widiatmoko Bambang , Sukarto Kasno Atmo 
Published: August 2022

<p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Sejak penerbitan buku <em>Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia</em>edisi perdana tahun 1988<em>, </em>dari sisi ideal, buku ini merupakan referensi acuan dalam penyusunan buku-buku tata bahasa pedagogis dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di sekolah. Melalui keseragaman ini diharapkan pengembangan gramatika baku bahasa Indonesia akan semakin kuat landasan filosofis maupun teoretisnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan perluasan kalimat dalam <em>Tata Bahasa Praktis Bahasa Indonesia</em> karya Abdul Chaer dan membandingkannya dengan <em>Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. </em>Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Data diambil dengan teknik catat yaitu mencatat dan membandingkan data buku yaitu: (a)<em> Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia </em>karya Hasan Alwi dkk. edisi ketiga tahun 2010, (b) <em>Tata Bahasa Praktis Bahasa Indonesia</em> karya Abdul Chaer edisi revisi tahun 2011. Kerangka teori yang diterapkann dalam penelitian ini mengacu kepada perluasan kalimat dalam <em>Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia </em> karya Hasan Alwi dkk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan kalimat dalam <em>Tata Bahasa Praktis Bahasa Indonesia</em> diperinci dalam sebelas bagian, yaitu: (a) kalimat sederhana, (b) kalimat luas rapatan, (c) kalimat luas bersisipan, (d) kalimat luas setara, (e) kalimat luas bertingkat, (f) kalimat luas kompleks, (g) kalimat elips, (h) kalimat berita, (i) kalimat tanya, (j) kalimat perintah dan kalimat larangan, (k) kalimat seruan. </p><p> </p><p align="center">Kata kunci:,kalimat, perluasan kalimat, analisis perbandingan</p><p align="center"><strong><br /></strong></p>
BAHASA DAN KEBUDAYAAN DALAM PERCIKAN DAN PEMIKIRAN SUTAN TAKDIR ALISJAHBANA
Authors: Sukarto Kasno Atmo 
Published: August 2022

<p>Percikan dan Pemikiran Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana tentang pemodernan bahasa Indonesia dan kebudayaan telah dibuktikan melalui karya-karyanya baik dalam karya sastra maupun bentuk buku-buku dan artikel yang membicarakan tentang bahasa Indonesia menuju bahasa modern. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk memaparkan pandangan dan pikiran Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana terhadap bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa modern dan ikhwal ke-(budaya)-an Indonesia. Adapun metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yakni memaparkan ikhwal percikan dan pandangan dalam karya-karyanya, serta pandangan para pakar bahasa dan para kritikus sastra, sastrawan, dan pakar kebudayaan. Teori yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pandangan para pakar bahasa, sastra, dan kebudayaan yang memaparkan percikan dan pandangan Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana, baik tulisan yang telah diseminarkan maupun hasil-hasil polemik kebudayaan. Adapun hasil yang dicapai adalah berupa pandangan dan pikiran Sutan Taksir Alisjahbana, tentang bahasa dan kebudayaan ke-Indonesia-an yang tercakup dalam karya sastra termasuk buku-buku dan artikelnya yang membicara ikhwal bahasa dan kebudayaan.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: percikan dan pemikiran STA, bahasa, kebudayaan </strong></p>
POLITENESS IN BUGINESE WEDDING CEREMONY
Authors: Dirham Ulfah Ridhwan 
Published: August 2022

<p>One of the cultural elements of communication that must be considered is politeness. Politeness is indispensable in communication, especially in Southeast Asian cultures, which have degrees of politeness. As cultural aspects affect the communicative language, politeness would be expected in society. One of the politeness implementations is the polite language used in the Buginese traditional wedding ceremony. In order to reveal politeness and its strategies in the traditional Buginese wedding ceremony, the study employed a qualitative method with observation and analytical descriptive approach by examining the politeness strategies and conversational language used in the Buginese wedding ceremony processions. The data were obtained from the video recordings of the wedding ceremony and the interviews with four newlyweds. The result showed that positive politeness strategies were predominantly used in the Buginese wedding ceremony. The study also revealed that the positive politeness strategies were closely connected to the cultural values of South Sulawesi, which showed a strict sequence of the traditional wedding ceremony that must be followed. The sequence symbolizes the tie that binds two human beings in goodness and beneficence, which must be conducted religiously. The study concludes that the language used during the traditional Buginese wedding ceremony adhered to the positive politeness principle, although the nature of the language was conversational.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: politeness, politeness strategy, polite conversational language, Buginese wedding ceremony.</p>