bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide emissions from international air transport of people and freight: New Zealand as a case study
Authors: Tarr Anna P , Smith Inga J , Rodger Craig J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
International aviation accounts for over 2% of global emissions, but was not subject to Kyoto Protocol liabilities, and was not directly addressed by the Paris Agreement. Calculating emissions associated with individual countries is complicated, with data that is publicly available and free to access often being difficult to obtain. In this paper, a case study is presented where commercially sensitive fuel uplift is used to calculate New Zealand specific emissions factors of 0.81 kg CO2 per tonne km (CO2 per t-km) for short-haul and 0.79 kg CO2 per t-km for long-haul international aviation. This was used to estimate international aviation CO2 emissions associated with New Zealand in 2017 to be 8.4 Mt CO2 in total (2 significant figures, rounded down), with international visitor travel to and from New Zealand accounting for 4.3 Mt CO2, New Zealand residents’ international travel for 2.6 Mt CO2, exports for 0.72 Mt CO2, and imports for 0.89 Mt CO2 (all 2 significant figures, rounded up). Results show the fleet of aeroplanes which serviced New Zealand between 2007 and 2017 has become, on average, less efficient due to changes in operational factors such as seating density.
The design of polarization-maintaining and polarization-filtering hollow core with nested anti-resonance nodeless fiber for THz guidance
Authors: Phanchat Natthawat , Chitaree Ratchapak 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A polarization-maintaining and polarization-filtering hollow core fiber with nested anti-resonant nodeless tubes for the THz regime is proposed. The model is designed by the finite element method to operate at 1.0 THz using TOPAS copolymer as the fiber material. The proposed structure consists of four outer tubes with one inner tube each in the orthogonal arrangement. The fiber was optimized to obtain the lowest loss by varying the tube thickness. The simulation results show that the thickness of 0.09 mm was suitable for a low loss of 0.2 dB m−1 operating at 1.0 THz. The fiber property of high birefringence @ 1.5 × 10−4 was made by introducing unequal radial distances between the outer and inner tubes of the orthogonal arrangement. In addition, at a particular difference of the radial distance, it was found that the proposed fiber can act as a polarization filter indicating by having a high crosstalk.
Thinking Health-related Behaviors in a Climate Change Context: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chevance Guillaume , Fresán Ujué , Hekler Eric , Edmondson Donald , Lloyd Simon J , Ballester Joan , Litt Jill , Cvijanovic Ivana , Araújo-Soares Vera , Bernard Paquito 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman activities have changed the environment so profoundly over the past two centuries that human-induced climate change is now posing serious health-related threats to current and future generations. Rapid action from all scientific fields, including behavioral medicine, is needed to contribute to both mitigation of, and adaption to, climate change.PurposeThis article aims to identify potential bi-directional associations between climate change impacts and health-related behaviors, as well as a set of key actions for the behavioral medicine community.MethodsWe synthesized the existing literature about (i) the impacts of rising temperatures, extreme weather events, air pollution, and rising sea level on individual behaviors (e.g., eating behaviors, physical activity, sleep, substance use, and preventive care) as well as the structural factors related to these behaviors (e.g., the food system); and (ii) the concurrent positive and negative roles that health-related behaviors can play in mitigation and adaptation to climate change.ResultsBased on this literature review, we propose a first conceptual model of climate change and health-related behavior feedback loops. Key actions are proposed, with particular consideration for health equity implications of future behavioral interventions. Actions to bridge the fields of behavioral medicine and climate sciences are also discussed.ConclusionsWe contend that climate change is among the most urgent issues facing all scientists and should become a central priority for the behavioral medicine community.
Development of a human antibody that exhibits antagonistic activity toward CC chemokine receptor 7
Authors: Jang Moon-Sung , Ismail Nurain Syahirah Binti , Yu Yeon Gyu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is a member of G-protein-coupled receptor family and mediates chemotactic migration of immune cells and different cancer cells induced via chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) or chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21). Hence, the identification of blockade antibodies against CCR7 could lead to the development of therapeutics targeting metastatic cancer.

Methods
CCR7 was purified and stabilized in its active conformation, and antibodies specific to purified CCR7 were screened from the synthetic M13 phage library displaying humanized scFvs. The in vitro characterization of selected scFvs identified two scFvs that exhibited CCL19-competitive binding to CCR7. IgG4’s harboring selected scFv sequences were characterized for binding activity in CCR7+ cells, inhibitory activity toward CCR7-dependent cAMP attenuation, and the CCL19 or CCL21-dependent migration of CCR7+ cells.

Results
Antibodies specifically binding to purified CCR7 and CCR7+ cells were isolated and characterized. Two antibodies, IgG4(6RG11) and IgG4(72C7), showed ligand-dependent competitive binding to CCR7 with KD values of 40 nM and 50 nM, respectively. Particularly, IgG4(6RG11) showed antagonistic activity against CCR7, whereas both antibodies significantly blocked the ligand-induced migration and invasion activity of CCR7+ cancer cells.

Conclusions
Two antibody clones were successfully identified from a synthetic scFv-displaying phage library using purified recombinant CCR7 as an antigen. Antibodies specifically bound to the surface of CCR7+ cells and blocked CCR7+ cell migration. Particularly, 6RG11 showed antagonist activity against CCR7-dependent cAMP attenuation.
Localized conformal prediction: a generalized inference framework for conformal prediction
Authors: Guan Leying 
Published: July 2022

Summary
We propose a new inference framework called localized conformal prediction. It generalizes the framework of conformal prediction by offering a single-test-sample adaptive construction that emphasizes a local region around this test sample, and can be combined with different conformal scores. The proposed framework enjoys an assumption-free finite sample marginal coverage guarantee, and it also offers additional local coverage guarantees under suitable assumptions. We demonstrate how to change from conformal prediction to localized conformal prediction using several conformal scores, and we illustrate a potential gain via numerical examples.
Development of a Sensitive and Rapid HPLC–MS Method for Dihydrocodeine and Dihydromorphine: Application to Bioequivalence Studies
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Huang Xiaomei , Tan Zheng , Huang Jian , Chen Mei , He Binbin , Cai Hualin , Zhang Bikui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed to determine dihydrocodeine (DHC) and dihydromorphine (DHM) in human plasma using dihydrocodeine-d6 and desomorphine as internal standards (IS). Acetonitrile–water–ammonium format was used as the mobile phase, in gradient elution on a C18 column. The concentration of DHC and DHM was determined in the positive ionization mode of mass spectrometry. The total chromatogram run time was 3.2 min, and the linear ranges of DHC and DHM were 1.000–400.0 ng/mL and 0.050–20.00 ng/mL, respectively. The method was fully validated concerning precision, accuracy, selectivity, linearity, recovery, stability and matrix effect. The method had been successfully applied to the bioequivalence test. In addition, we found that a high-fat diet impacts the Tmax and t1/2 of DHC.
Decreased Dolutegravir and Efavirenz Concentrations With Preserved Virological Suppression in Patients With Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving High-Dose Rifampicin
Authors: Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine , Nabisere Ruth , Musaazi Joseph , Otaalo Brian , Aber Florence , Alinaitwe Lucy , Nampala Juliet , Najjemba Letisha , Buzibye Allan , Omali Denis , Gausi Kamunkhwala , Kengo Allan , Lamorde Mohammed , Aarnoutse Rob , Denti Paolo , Dooley Kelly E , Sloan Derek J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Higher doses of rifampicin may improve treatment outcomes and reduce the duration of tuberculosis (TB) therapy. However, drug–drug interactions with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and safety in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have not been evaluated.

Methods
This was a randomized, open-label trial where newly diagnosed TB patients were randomized to higher (35 mg/kg) or standard (10 mg/kg) daily-dose rifampicin. ART treatment–naive patients were randomized to dolutegravir- or efavirenz-based ART. At week 6, trough dolutegravir or mid-dose efavirenz plasma concentrations were assayed. HIV viral load was measured at week 24.

Results
Among 128 patients randomized, the median CD4 count was 191 cells/mm3. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) for trough dolutegravir concentrations on higher- vs standard-dose rifampicin was 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], .34–.97; P = .039) and the GMR for mid-dose efavirenz was 0.63 (95% CI, .38–1.07; P = .083). There was no significant difference in attainment of targets for dolutegravir trough or efavirenz mid-dose concentrations between rifampicin doses. The incidence of HIV treatment failure at week 24 was similar between rifampicin doses (14.9% vs 14.0%, P = .901), as was the incidence of drug-related grade 3–4 adverse events (9.8% vs 6%). At week 8, fewer patients remained sputum culture positive on higher-dose rifampicin (18.6% vs 37.0%, P = .063).

Conclusions
Compared with standard-dose rifampicin, high-dose rifampicin reduced dolutegravir and efavirenz exposures, but HIV suppression was similar across treatment arms. Higher-dose rifampicin was well tolerated among people with HIV and associated with a trend toward faster sputum culture conversion.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03982277.
Insights into chromosomal evolution and sex determination of Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (Bagridae, Siluriformes) based on a chromosome-level genome
Authors: Zhu Chuankun , Liu Haiyang , Pan Zhengjun , Cheng Lei , Sun Yanhong , Wang Hui , Chang Guoliang , Wu Nan , Ding Huaiyu , Zhao Haitao , Zhang Lei , Yu Xiangsheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pseudobagrus ussuriensis is an aquaculture catfish with significant sexual dimorphism. In this study, a chromosome-level genome with a size of 741.97 Mb was assembled for female P. ussuriensis. A total of 26 chromosome-level contigs covering 97.34% of the whole-genome assembly were obtained with an N50 of 28.53 Mb and an L50 of 11. A total of 24,075 protein-coding genes were identified, with 91.54% (22,039) genes being functionally annotated. Based on the genome assembly, four chromosome evolution clusters of catfishes were identified and the formation process of P. ussuriensis chromosomes was predicted. A total of 55 sex-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with a phenotypic variance explained value of 100% were located on chromosome 8 (chr08). The QTLs and other previously identified sex-specific markers were located in a sex-determining region of 16.83 Mb (from 6.90 to 23.73 Mb) on chr08, which was predicted as the X chromosome. The sex-determining region comprised 554 genes, with 135 of which being differently expressed between males and females/pseudofemales, and 16 candidate sex-determining genes were screened out. The results of this study provided a useful chromosome-level genome for genetic, genomic and evolutionary studies of P. ussuriensis, and also be useful for further studies on sex-determination mechanism analysis and sex-control breeding of this fish.
Valve-sparing root reimplantation in patients with left ventricular dilation
Authors: Patrick William L , Rosen Jake L , Bavaria Joseph E , Ahmed Sania , Freas Andrew , Yarlagadda Siddharth , Cannon Brittany , Iyengar Amit , Kelly John J , Zhao Yu , Grimm Joshua C , Szeto Wilson Y , Desai Nimesh D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between left ventricular (LV) dilation and outcomes following valve-sparing root reimplantation.

METHODS
Patients with an indexed LV internal diameter during systole of ≥2.0 cm/m2 were categorized as having LV dilation. Outcomes were postoperative aortic insufficiency (AI), reintervention and all-cause mortality. The cumulative incidence of each outcome was computed using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Adjusted comparisons between strata were performed for each outcome using a Cox proportional-hazards model. Where possible, the competing risk of death was accounted for. Multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic regression was performed for AI grade at follow-up.

RESULTS
There were 295 patients of whom 52 had LV dilation. Operative outcomes were excellent; there were no significant differences between groups. Patients with LV dilation demonstrated significant improvement in indexed LV internal diameter during systole overtime. There was no association between LV dilation and postoperative AI grade &gt;2 [hazard ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21–3.67, P = 0.89] or odds of increased AI grade overtime (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% CI 0.30–1.93, P = 0.57). There were no re-interventions among those with LV dilation. Adjusted mortality was significantly higher among those with LV dilation (hazard ratio 5.56, 95% CI 1.56–19.9); however, deaths were unrelated to aortic valve dilation.

CONCLUSIONS
LV dilation is not associated with poorer operative outcomes, postoperative AI or reintervention. It is associated with an increased risk of mortality, though not from valvular dysfunction. LV dilation should not deter valve-sparing root reimplantation when otherwise indicated.
Clock genes rescue nphp mutations in zebrafish
Authors: Kayser Nicolas , Zaiser Friedemann , Veenstra Anna C , Wang Hui , Göcmen Burulca , Eckert Priska , Franz Henriette , Köttgen Anna , Walz Gerd , Yakulov Toma A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The zebrafish pronephros model, using morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) to deplete target genes, has been extensively used to characterize human ciliopathy phenotypes. Recently, discrepancies between MO and genetically defined mutants have questioned this approach. We analyzed zebrafish with mutations in the nphp1-4-8 module to determine the validity of MO-based results. While MO-mediated depletion resulted in glomerular cyst and cloaca malformation, these ciliopathy-typical manifestations were observed at a much lower frequency in zebrafish embryos with defined nphp mutations. All nphp1-4-8 mutant zebrafish were viable and displayed decreased manifestations in the next (F2) generation, lacking maternal RNA contribution. While genetic compensation was further supported by the observation that nphp4-deficient mutants became partially refractory to MO-based nphp4 depletion, zebrafish embryos, lacking one nphp gene, became more sensitive to MO-based depletion of additional nphp genes. Transcriptome analysis of nphp8 mutant embryos revealed an upregulation of the circadian clock genes cry1a and cry5. MO-mediated depletion of cry1a and cry5 caused ciliopathy phenotypes in wild-type embryos, while cry1a and cry5 depletion in maternal zygotic nphp8 mutant embryos increased the frequency of glomerular cysts compared to controls. Importantly, cry1a and cry5 rescued the nephropathy-related phenotypes in nphp1, nphp4 or nphp8-depleted zebrafish embryos. Our results reveal that nphp mutant zebrafish resemble the MO-based phenotypes, albeit at a much lower frequency. Rapid adaption through upregulation of circadian clock genes seems to ameliorate the loss of nphp genes, contributing to phenotypic differences.
Non-Salem Sets in Metric Diophantine Approximation
Authors: Hambrook Kyle , Yu Han 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A classical result of Kaufman states that, for each $\tau&gt;1$, the set of $\tau $-well approximable numbers $$ \begin{align*} & E(\tau)=\{x \in \mathbb{R}: |xq-r| &lt; |q|^{-\tau} \text{ for infinitely many integer pairs } (q,r)\} \end{align*}$$is a Salem set. A natural question to ask is whether the same is true for the sets of $\tau $-well approximable $n \times d$ matrices when $nd&gt;1$ and $\tau&gt; d/n$. We prove the answer is no by computing the Fourier dimension of these sets. In addition, we show that the set of badly approximable $n \times d$ matrices is not Salem when $nd&gt; 1$. The case of $nd=1$, that is, the badly approximable numbers, remains unresolved.
Retinoic Acid–Inducible Gene I Activation Inhibits Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication in Mammalian Cells and in Mouse and Ferret Models of Infection
Authors: Schwab Lara S U , Farrukee Rubaiyea , Eléouët Jean-François , Rameix-Welti Marie-Anne , Londrigan Sarah L , Brooks Andrew G , Hurt Aeron C , Coch Christoph , Zillinger Thomas , Hartmann Gunther , Reading Patrick C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Infections caused by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are associated with substantial rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment options are limited, and there is urgent need for the development of efficient antivirals. Pattern recognition receptors such as the cytoplasmic helicase retinoic acid–inducible gene (RIG) I can be activated by viral nucleic acids, leading to activation of interferon-stimulated genes and generation of an “antiviral state.” In the current study, we activated RIG-I with synthetic RNA agonists (3pRNA) to induce resistance to RSV infection in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, pretreatment of human, mouse, and ferret airway cell lines with RIG-I agonist before RSV exposure inhibited virus infection and replication. Moreover, a single intravenous injection of 3pRNA 1 day before RSV infection resulted in potent inhibition of virus replication in the lungs of mice and ferrets, but not in nasal tissues. These studies provide evidence that RIG-I agonists represent a promising antiviral drug for RSV prophylaxis.
The Threat of Climate Change on Tick-Borne Infections: Rising Trend of Infections and Geographic Distribution of Climate Risk Factors Associated With Ticks
Authors: Lee Jung-Seok , Chung Suh-Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ticks transmit a wide range of pathogens. The spread of tick-borne infections is an emerging, yet often overlooked, threat in the context of climate change. The infections have rapidly increased over the past few years in South Korea despite no significant changes in socioeconomic circumstances. We investigated the impact of climate change on the surge of tick-borne infections and identified potential disease hot spots at a resolution of 5 km by 5 km. A composite index was constructed based on multiple climate and environmental indicators and compared with the observed tick-borne infections. The surge of tick-borne episodes corresponded to the rising trend of the index over time. High-risk areas identified by the index can be used to prioritize locations for disease prevention activities. Monitoring climate risk factors may provide an opportunity to predict the spread of the infections in advance.
Chemometric and Design of Experiments-Based Analytical Quality by Design and Green Chemistry Approaches to Multipurpose High-Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Method for Synchronous Estimation of Multiple Fixed-Dose Combinations of Azilsartan Medoxomil
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Shahi Abhinandan , Acharya Aneri , Shah Shailesh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Azilsartan medoxomil (AZL) is an anti-hypertensive drug, and its numerous FDCs are used for the treatment of hypertension. Numerous chromatographic methods have been reported for the estimation of FDCs of AZL, but analysts have to establish a separate chromatographic condition for the analysis of each FDC of AZL. No reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been reported yet that can be used for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL.

Objective
Hence, the RP-HPLC-PDA method has been developed for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL to save time, cost, and solvent for the analysis.

Method
The RP-HPLC-PDA method has been developed by the implementation of the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach based on chemometric and DoE as per the upcoming International Council for Harmonization (ICH) Q14 guideline.

Results
The method was applied for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL, and the assay results were found in compliance with the labeled claim of the FDCs.

Conclusions
The developed method requires less time, cost, and organic solvent for analysis of the said pharmaceutical dosage forms compared to published chromatographic methods. Hence, the developed method is green and multipurpose for the estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL.

Highlights
Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL using chemometric (principal component analysis and PLS) and design of experiments (DoE). Applications of the method for synchronous estimation of multiple FDCs of AZL.