bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of case complexity on paediatric dentists' ability to radiographically diagnose traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Gertrude Van Gorp , Lambrechts Marjan , Jacobs Reinhilde , Declerck Dominique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsBeing able to correctly interpret radiographs after a traumatic dental injury is an essential skill for providing appropriate and timely treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of case complexity on paediatric dentists' performance when radiographically diagnosing traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and to investigate a possible added value of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) when compared with digital intra‐oral radiography (2D vs 3D).Materials and methodsA test panel of paediatric dentists was instructed to detect, identify and interpret radiographic findings using either 2D or 3D images. Intra‐oral radiographs and CBCT images of 20 trauma cases were presented in random order, and the findings were recorded using structured scoring sheets. Case complexity was determined by two experienced benchmark scorers. Results were analysed using generalized linear mixed modelling.ResultsIn general, performance for detection, identification and interpretation of findings was low, both with 2D and 3D images, with significantly lower values for difficult cases (p < 0.05). For easy as well as for difficult cases, 3D imaging resulted in a significantly better performance for detection and identification of findings (P < 0.001). This was not the case for correct interpretation, where significantly poorer performance was seen when using 3D images for difficult cases (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that case complexity of traumatic dental injuries influences diagnostic performance. The use of CBCT enhanced detection and identification of findings but when case complexity increased, 3D imaging adversely affected correct interpretation.
Isolated favorable compound mandibular body fractures: A retrospective review of two cohorts of patients based on the timing of treatment
Authors: Anyanechi Charles Ezechukwu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground/AimTreatment delays in the management of mandible fractures are often unavoidable and, as a result, the timing of treatment of mandibular fractures has remained a contentious issue in clinical practice as the optimal treatment delay for minimizing complications remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the rate and types of complications between two cohorts of patients designated as early and late treatment groups and estimate an optimal time threshold for treatment delay after closed reduction and maxillomandibular fixation.Material and MethodsDemographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively about patients who were treated for isolated, unilateral, favorable, and compound mandibular body fractures between 1999 and 2019 to answer the question of whether treatment delay is an independent variable impacting post‐operative mandible body fracture complications. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed.ResultsOne hundred and seventy subjects were evaluated (n = 87 in the control/early group and n = 83 in the study/late group). The mean time lapses from injury to treatment were: early (5.8 ± 0.4 days) and late (10.3 ± 0.7 days). The overall complication rate was 14.1%. However, the complication rates of the early and late groups were 13.8% and 14.5%, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.89).ConclusionsThere was no difference between early and late treatment groups. Treatment delay was not an independent variable impacting post‐operative mandible body fracture complications if treatment is done between 3 and 12 days after the injury.
Confirming an antiphasic bicyclic pattern of forward entrainment in signal detection: A reanalysis of Sun et al. (2021)
Authors: Saberi Kourosh , Hickok Gregory 
Published: September 2022

AbstractForward entrainment refers to that part of the entrainment process that persists after termination of an entraining stimulus. Hickok et al. (2015) reported forward entrainment in signal detection that lasted for two post‐stimulus cycles. In a recent paper, Sun et al. (2021) reported new data which suggested an absence of entrainment effects (Eur. J. Neurosci, 1–18, doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15367). Here we show that when Sun et al.'s data are analysed using unbiased detection‐theoretic measures, a clear antiphasic bicyclic pattern of entrainment is observed. We further show that the measure of entrainment strength used by Sun et al., the normalized Fourier transform of performance curves, is not only erroneously calculated but is also unreliable in estimating entrainment strength due to signal‐processing artifacts.
Initiating dopamine agonists rather than levodopa in early Parkinson's disease does not delay the need for deep brain stimulation
Authors: Olszewska Diana A. , Fasano Alfonso , Munhoz Renato P. , Gomez Carolina Candelaria Ramirez , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeWhile levodopa is the most effective symptomatic treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), its use is associated with an increased risk of motor complications (MCs) in the first 5 years of treatment compared to dopamine agonist (DA) first therapy. It is not known whether this translates into true benefit later in the disease. We aimed to determine whether there is a difference in the time between initial levodopa versus DA treatment and the development of disabling MCs prompting deep brain stimulation (DBS) consideration.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients with PD attending the DBS Clinic at Toronto Western Hospital, Canada between March 2004 and February 2022, who underwent globus pallidus interna (GPI) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS in 2005 or later for disabling MCs.ResultsOf the 438 patients included in the study, 352 underwent STN DBS and 86 underwent GPi DBS. The median (range) disease duration was 9 (2–30) years. The majority of patients (n = 312) received levodopa first and 126 received a DA. There was no significant difference in disease duration or amantadine use between the two groups. The duration from the first treatment to assesment for DBS (levodopa: median 8 years, interquartile range [IQ] 4 years; DA: median 9, IQR 4 years) or DBS surgery (levodopa: median 10 years, IIQR 5 years; DA: median 10 years, IQR 5 years) did not differ.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the only study to date to evaluate the duration between levodopa/DA‐first treatment and the development of MCs of sufficient severity to warrant consideration of DBS. No association was found. The results suggest that the development of disabling MCs warranting DBS is independent of the type of first dopaminergic treatment.
Ictal apnea: A prospective monocentric study in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Micalizzi Elisa , Vaudano Anna Elisabetta , Ballerini Alice , Talami Francesca , Giovannini Giada , Turchi Giulia , Cioclu Maria Cristina , Giunta Leandra , Meletti Stefano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeIctal respiratory disturbances have increasingly been reported, in both generalized and focal seizures, especially involving the temporal lobe. Recognition of ictal breathing impairment has gained importance for the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of ictal apnea (IA) and related hypoxemia during seizures.MethodsWe collected and analyzed electroclinical data from consecutive patients undergoing long‐term video‐electroencephalographic (video‐EEG) monitoring with cardiorespiratory polygraphy. Patients were recruited at the epilepsy monitoring unit of the Civil Hospital of Baggiovara, Modena Academic Hospital, from April 2020 to February 2022.ResultsA total of 552 seizures were recorded in 63 patients. IA was observed in 57 of 552 (10.3%) seizures in 16 of 63 (25.4%) patients. Thirteen (81.2%) patients had focal seizures, and 11 of 16 patients showing IA had a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy; two had a diagnosis of frontal lobe epilepsy and three of epileptic encephalopathy. Apnea agnosia was reported in all seizure types. Hypoxemia was observed in 25 of 57 (43.9%) seizures with IA, and the severity of hypoxemia was related to apnea duration. Apnea duration was significantly associated with epilepsy of unknown etiology (magnetic resonance imaging negative) and with older age at epilepsy onset (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIctal respiratory changes are a frequent clinical phenomenon, more likely to occur in focal epilepsies, although detected even in patients with epileptic encephalopathy. Our findings emphasize the need for respiratory polygraphy during long‐term video‐EEG monitoring for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, as well as in relation to the potential link of ictal apnea with the SUDEP risk.
The influence of incoming CEOs
Authors: Boumosleh Anwar , Cline Brandon N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe introduce a novel index capturing the power of an incoming CEO and explore the association between the appointment of a new CEO and turnover in the top management team (TMT). We document a statistically and economically significant relation between the level of new CEO power and the departure of senior executives. Specifically, we find that in addition to CEO origin, new CEO power is positively related to TMT turnover. We also find that in the post‐SOX period, CEO power is more significant in affecting TMT turnover and that directorship and ownership of senior executives reduce departure.
Postqualitative geographies
Authors: Boyd Candice P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis essay examines recent literature that advocates for a postqualitative approach to research in the social sciences and humanities. Exploring across disciplinary boundaries, this essay interrogates parallel developments in the field of education, much of which are informed by non‐representational theories in geography as well as current trends within the discipline to advance postphenomenological and posthumanist methodologies. As a starting point, the on‐going contribution of qualitative methods to human geography is acknowledged alongside a questioning of their currency in the light of posthumanism. The extreme position—that ‘conventional’ qualitative methods are based on an outmoded view of the human subject and should, therefore, be discarded—is evaluated before presenting a ‘softer’ version of postqualitative inquiry which re‐thinks the subject and troubles method, rather than rejecting it outright. The essay continues by focussing on work within and beyond human geography that aims to advance a ‘post‐’ sensibility in relation to method—one that does not eschew method itself but rather the kind of proceduralism that qualitative methods often entail—and concludes by considering the practical implications of postqualitative approaches for human geography.
Estimation of in vitro digestibility and fermentation of elephant grass by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Abreu Joadil G. , Fernández‐Cabanás Víctor M. , Rodrigues Janderson A. , Abreu Matheus , Ferreira Eduardo A. , Peixoto Wender M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe methods used to evaluate kinetic parameters of ruminant feeds can be in situ and in vitro. For both methods, it is necessary to maintain cannulated animals in order to collect the inoculum from the rumen, which has been under strong pressure from society, in terms of animal welfare policies, to avoid this type of practices. This work aimed to evaluate the estimation of in vitro digestibility and fermentation of elephant grass forage by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), as a fast and noninvasive alternative to the in vitro method. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a split‐plot scheme, with 13 genotypes in the plot and 15 regrowth ages in the subplot. Crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents; in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and NDF (IVNDFD) digestibilities; and total volume (Vt), gas production rate (μ) and half‐life conventional analyses were determined for pre‐dried elephant grass forage samples. For the evaluation of NIRS models performance, coefficient of determination (R2cv) and standard error of cross validation (SECV) were used. As the regrowth age advanced, there was a linear increase in the NDF content and a linear reduction in the IVDMD, IVNDFD and Vt values. The NIRS estimates proved to be adequate for IVDMD (R2cv = .95), IVNDFD (R2cv = .85), Vt (R2cv = .81) and gas production at 48 (R2cv = .82), 72 (R2cv = .85) and 96 h (R2cv = .84), confirming as an alternative to the in vitro methods that dispense with the use of cannulated animals.
Regulation of constant cell elongation and Sfm pili synthesis in Escherichia coli via two active forms of FimZ orphan response regulator
Authors: Ogawa Ayano , Kojima Fumika , Miyake Yukari , Yoshimura Miho , Ishijima Nozomi , Iyoda Sunao , Sekine Yasuhiko , Yamanaka Yuki , Yamamoto Kaneyoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEscherichia coli (E. coli) has multiple copies of the chaperone‐usher (CU) pili operon in five fimbria groups: CU pili, curli, type IV pili, type III secretion pili, and type IV secretion pili. Commensal E. coli K‐12 contains 12 CU pili operons. Among these operons, Sfm is expressed by the sfmACDHF operon. Transcriptome analyses, reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR analyses reported that FimZ directly binds to and activates the sfmA promoter, transcribing sfmACDHF. In addition, FimZ regularly induces constant cell elongation in E. coli, which is required for F‐type ATPase function. The bacterial two‐hybrid system showed a specific interaction between FimZ and the α subunit of the cytoplasmic F1 domain of F‐type ATPase. Studies performed using mutated FimZs have revealed two active forms, I and II. Active form I is required for constant cell elongation involving amino acid residues K106 and D109. Active form II additionally required D56, a putative phosphorylation site, to activate the sfmA promoter. The chromosomal fimZ was hardly expressed in parent strain but functioned in phoB and phoP double‐gene knockout strains. These insights may help to understand bacterial invasion restricted host environments by the sfm γ‐type pili.
NATURAL HISTORIES FOR THE ANTHROPOCENE: KOSELLECK'S THEORIES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF A HISTORY OF LIFETIMES
Authors: JORDHEIM HELGE 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article, I offer a rereading of Reinhart Koselleck that puts his work at the center of ongoing debates about how to write histories that can account for humanity's changed and changing relationship to our natural environment—or, in geological terms, to our planet. This involves engaging with the urgent realities of climate crisis and the geological agency of humans, which, in current discourse, are often designated by the concept of the Anthropocene. This article asks whether Koselleck's essays from the 1970s and after contain ideas, arguments, theories, and methods that may prove useful in collapsing “the age‐old humanist distinction between natural history and human history,” to use Dipesh Chakrabarty's phrase. Indeed, the unlikeliness of providing a positive answer to this question is itself an important motivation for raising it. The other motivation is the supposition that the difficulties in bridging the gap between human and natural history fundamentally has to do with time and, more specifically, with the divergent temporal frameworks governing different historiographies, which are in part practiced in natural sciences such as geology, biology, and meteorology. The first part of this article discusses what one could call Koselleck's temporal anthropocentrism, which was handed down in German historicism and hermeneutics from the eighteenth century onward in the shape of what I call the Vitruvian Man of Time. In Koselleck's work, this superimposition of the human onto the multiple lifetimes of the planet is most clearly expressed in his claim about the “denaturalization” of history at the beginning of modernity. The second part of this article observes a shift in Koselleck's engagement with nature beginning in the 1980s; this shift is presented in terms of a “renaturalization.” The theoretical and methodological tool for this re‐entanglement of the times of history and the times of nature is his theory of multiple times. Originally limited to the human, this theory rises to the task of including an increasing number of natural times that are no longer perceived as stable, static, and slow but as continuously accelerating due to “human use.” In conclusion, this article suggests that Koselleck's work offers the framework for a theory of “lifetimes” that can replace modernist history as platform for writing new natural histories for the future.
ISAIAH BERLIN AS A HISTORIAN
Authors: CZYŻEWSKI HUBERT 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIntellectual history's methodology remains dominated by the Cambridge school and its approaches, which focus almost exclusively on the discursive context of political debates. However, a different practice of historical investigation may be found in the works of Isaiah Berlin. Although he is best known as a political theorist and an ethicist, Berlin pursued his philosophical agenda mostly through his works in the history of ideas that focus on Enlightenment and Romantic thinkers. Nonetheless, this methodology has never been presented in a systematic way—not by Berlin, and not in scholarship on his thought. This article argues that Berlin's understanding of past philosophers was different from that of the Cambridge school: he did not neglect the fundamental importance of historical context, but he did not understand the “context” primarily as comprised of interventions in political discourse; rather, he attempted to understand every thinker in his or her own right. Berlin's methodology as a historian can be summarized as an empathetic reconstruction of somebody else's mental world, and it was derived from the idea of fantasia, which was developed by the early modern Italian writer Giambattista Vico (who is a protagonist in many of Berlin's historical essays), and from the concept of “absolute presuppositions,” which was forged by R. G. Collingwood. Berlin's methodology allows for more in‐depth comparisons between thinkers from different historical periods, as his approaches were founded on a philosophical belief in the existence of a transhistorical human nature that is confined by a horizon of shared human experiences.
Effect of brushing force on the abrasive dentin wear using slurries with different abrasivity values
Authors: Hamza Blend , Martinola Laura , Körner Philipp , Gubler Andrea , Attin Thomas , Wegehaupt Florian Just 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the resulting abrasive dentin wear using abrasive slurries with different RDA values and applying increasing brushing forces.MethodsForty‐five bovine incisors were randomly allocated in three groups (A, B, C, n = 15). One hundred and eighty dentin samples were prepared from these incisors and allocated to twelve groups (A1‐A4, B1‐B4, C1‐C4; n = 15). The groups were subjected to a brushing cycle (120 strokes/min, 25 min) as follows: groups A1 to A4 with an abrasive slurry (RDA = 71) applying increasing brushing forces (1, 2, 3 and 4 N). Groups B1 to B4 were brushed using an abrasive slurry (RDA = 85) and C1 to C4 (RDA = 133) applying the same above‐mentioned brushing forces. Abrasive dentin wear was recorded using a stylus profilometer and compared amongst the groups using robust models. Pairwise comparisons in each model were tested and corrected after Tukey’s method (α = 0.05).ResultsApplying 1‐N brushing force resulted in the same amount of abrasive dentin wear in all groups regardless of the abrasivity of the used slurry. Increasing the brushing force to 2 N resulted in statistically significantly higher abrasive wear in all groups. This increase in abrasive wear was much higher when the slurry with high abrasivity was used (RDA = 133) compared with the lower abrasive slurry (RDA = 71).ConclusionThe abrasivity of the used slurry does not add to the resulting abrasive wear when the brushing force is kept at 1 N. It seems better to advise and help the patients (showing signs of non‐carious cervical lesions) calibrating their brushing force to 1 N, than only to advise them to use toothpastes with lower abrasivities.
Effects of red rice flour addition on the rheological, textural, sensory and bioactive properties of wheat flour‐based pan breads
Authors: Iqbal Hadiqa , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Arif Saqib , Akbar Qurrat‐ul‐Ain , Saeed Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

SummaryRed rice, rich in fibre and phenolic contents, is one of the underutilised grains. Therefore, the present study developed the wheat/red rice flour (RRF) composites followed by its utilisation in pan breads. It led to an increase in ash and fibre contents of resultant flour combinations, but gluten network became weaker. The values for water absorption were unaffected with RRF replacements ≤15% of wheat flour. Moreover, the proximate estimates of RRF added breads demonstrated increased moisture and fibre contents. Substituted bread combinations were harder with increased gumminess and springiness values; however, cohesion decreased. The per cent change in cohesion and hardness of individual breads upon storage was lesser in composites compared to control suggesting decline in staling phenomenon. Nutritional assessment of both RRF containing flour and breads showed higher total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to their respective controls. Composite breads also demonstrated reduced glycaemic index suggesting its importance for diabetic patients.
The multicomponent oxide glass as a statistical ensemble of neighboring glassy compounds in the composition space
Authors: Wu Minbo , Tang Guowu , Qian Guoquan , Qian Qi , Chen Dongdan , Dong Guoping , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rapid and low‐cost development of multicomponent oxide glasses is a long‐standing issue in condensed matters and materials science. However, traditional experimental approaches based on trial‐and‐error and empirical rules are time consuming and high‐cost. Recently, with the proposal of the materials genome engineering, the “glass genome” has also attracted much attention, which can accelerate the development of multicomponent oxide glasses. Here, we present an alternative and more suitable description of a multicomponent oxide glass as a statistical ensemble of its neighboring glassy compounds (NGCs) in the composition space. Subsequently, the NGCs method was proposed to predict the structural features and physical properties of the multicomponent oxide glass by the statistical averages of structural features and physical properties of the NGCs. What is more, the NGCs method was systematically verified at the atomic‐level view through molecular dynamics simulations. The predicted results through the NGCs method were in good agreement with the simulated results in multicomponent oxide glasses (Na2O‐SiO2and Na2O‐CaO‐SiO2systems). This work supports the physical picture of multicomponent oxide glasses and further promotes the development of “glass genome,” which will accelerate the research of glass materials.