bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USE OF BACTERIOPHAGES AS A TARGET SPECIFIC THERAPY AGAINST FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS IN FOOD INDUSTRY- A REVIEW
Authors: Hameed Fozia , Bandral Julie D , Gupta Neeraj , Nayik Gulzar Ahmad , Sood Moonika , Rahman Rukhsana 
Published: February 2022

Within the context of food safety, the use of modern antimicrobial technologies to inactivate the food-borne pathogens is not infallible, as proven by the ceaseless increase in the food-borne illnesses. The extensive use of antibiotics to minimize the microbial contamination further results in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. Moreover, some of the decontamination methods frequently used in the food industry cannot be directly applied to fresh fruits and vegetables, and RTE meals. Therefore, efforts are being made by researchers in developing a new approach so as to control the bacterial contamination. Consequently, bacteriophages have evolved as the safe, green, effective and natural alternative for treatment and complete destruction of pathogens in food industry. The review provides a general description about bacteriophages and has mainly focused on their potential use as antimicrobials during the postharvest processing of foods. Numerous research papers, review papers, book chapters and other relevant literature was used for writing this review paper.
Old French Si, Syntax and Function in Diachrony
Authors: Shaw Wyn Francis 
Published: February 2022

This article offers a diachronic analysis of the Old French particle si. Using data from both verse and prose texts, I analyse the function and syntax of si from the 12th to 14th centuries. I find that si fulfills a variety of functions throughout the period, beginning as a subject continuity marker before acquiring functions as a resumptive and an expletive among others. Si’s syntax is defined by its proximity to the verb, occupying the specifier of the left-peripheral head which hosts the verb. This head changes through the Old French period from the lower left peripheral head Fin to the higher head Force. These findings are shown to have ramifications for the study of Medieval Romance syntax and discourse particles.
Anomalous P-E Hysteresis Loops of Ferroelectric Nanocomposites Containing Nanocellulose and Hydrogen – Bonded Ferroelectric of Triglycine Sulfate Under Influence of Composition, Temperature and Moisture
Authors: NGUYEN Hoai Thuong 
Published: February 2022

To fill the gap of earlier works for the nanocomposite based on a ferroelectric of triglycine sulfate (TGS) and a dielectric inclusion of cellulose nanoparticles (CNP), the present study provides experimental results for investigating anomalous switching properties via analyzing the features of dielectric (P-E) hysteresis loops. Different dielectric content of CNP (5, 15, 30, 50, 70 wt.%) was chosen. The P-E loops were measured at temperatures placed at the same distances from the phase transition point for all compositions. Besides, the influence of humidity (RH = 30, 60, 80, 100 %) was also investigated. It was clarified that the increase in cellulose content and relative humidity caused the increase in coercive field, accompanying the transformation of hysteresis loops from saturated into unsaturated ones. The nature of these anomalies was proposed to be associated with the role of hydrogen bonds in the composite.
Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Authors: Huber Bernhard A. 
Published: February 2022

The genera Holocnemus Simon, 1873 and Crossopriza Simon, 1893 are revised. Together with Stygopholcus Kratochvíl, 1932 (revised recently) and the newly described genus Maghreba gen. nov., they constitute the spotted-leg clade within the northern clade of Smeringopinae. Males and females in this group are characterized by dark marks on the leg femora and tibiae. The native area of the spotted-leg clade ranges from northern Africa and the Mediterranean to Central Asia and NW India. A morphological cladistic analysis suggests that Holocnemus is paraphyletic while Crossopriza is monophyletic, but morphology seems only partly adequate to resolve phylogenetic relationships convincingly. The genus Holocnemus includes four species, all of which are redescribed: H. pluchei (Scopoli, 1763); H. reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov. (transferred from Pholcus); H. caudatus (Dufour, 1820); and H. hispanicus Wiehle, 1933. The genus Maghreba gen. nov. includes eight species from NW Africa: M. aurouxi (Barrientos, 2019) gen. et comb. nov. (transferred from Holocnemus; redescribed, female newly described) and seven newly described species. The genus Crossopriza includes six previously described species (of which five are redescribed), and 18 newly described species. The Madagascan C. nigrescens Millot, 1946 is synonymized with C. lyoni (Blackwall, 1867). All new species are described on the basis of both sexes.
Microbiological evaluation of Vietnamese Pho ingredients in Toronto
Authors: Di David S. , Meldrum Richard , Liberda Eric N. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Beef and bean sprouts have often been implicated in foodborne illness (FBI) outbreaks. The traditional Vietnamese dish, Pho, uses both as its main ingredients and, therefore, presents significant concerns from a food safety perspective. The present study investigated food safety concerns associated with Pho through the detection of total coliform and Escherichia coli. Methods: Thirty-two Vietnamese restaurants in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, were selected for the study based on inclusion criteria. All restaurant operators were briefed prior to sampling and were informed that their consent and participation were voluntary. Fourteen restaurants consented to providing samples and allowing their broth temperatures to be taken. Three types of samples were obtained from each location: raw beef (RB), cooked beef (CB), and bean sprouts (BS). All samples were couriered to an accredited laboratory for microbiological analysis via 3M petrifilm E. coli/coliform count plates. Based on reported total coliform count (TCC), locations were segmented into low, medium, and high contamination categories. Subsequent correlational analysis were conducted based on lab detection data to identify potential links between E. coli count (ECC) and TCC, TCC and broth temperature, and ECC and broth temperature. In addition, an ANOVA was performed to examine for differences in TCC by sample types, differences in TCC by suppliers, differences in ECC by sample types, differences in ECC by suppliers, and differences in TCC by location types. Results: ANOVA indicated a significant effect of sample type on TCC for all three different sample types, with post hoc comparisons elucidating significantly lower TCC in CB and RB samples, compared with BS samples. Subsequent analysis further indicated the significant effect of location category on TCC, with post hoc comparisons demonstrating significantly higher TCC in Category 3 locations compared to Category 1 and 2 locations. All other analysis yielded nonstatistically significant results. Conclusion: This study presented significant findings in linking Pho ingredients to potential food safety concerns. Specifically, temperature control was identified as a possible cause for high TCC and E. coli detection at select restaurants. Although analysis involving E. coli did not yield any significant results, any E. coli found on ready-to-eat food at a restaurant is problematic from a food safety perspective. Based on the results, we recommended policy changes to incentivize restaurants to maintain high hygienic standards and improve efficiency of the public health inspection process.
Oxygen desaturation index as alternative parameter in screening patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Varghese Lalee , Rebekah Grace , Priya N Priya , Oliver Ashwin , Kurien Regi 
Published: February 2022

Objectives Assess reliability of oxygen desaturation index (ODI) as an alternative parameter to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in screening patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Material and Methods Retrospectively two-year data on demography, anthropometric features, polysomnography (PSG) parameters [AHI, ODI, minimum oxygen saturation (SpO2), mean SpO2], and Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) were collected and analyzed.
Results Study showed significant correlation of ESS with AHI, ODI, apnea-hypopnea percentage of sleep period time (AH%SPT), mean SpO2 and minimum SpO2 with highest correlation being with AHI. A Cohen’s weighted Kappa analysis showed good concordance of 87.32% between AHI and ODI in classifying severity of OSA, with a significant R2 correlation of 0.84 on linear regression. An ODI>20 has a sensitivity of 96.6% and specificity of 69.6% in diagnosing severe OSA.
Conclusion Good concordance between AHI and ODI makes nocturnal oximetry a less expensive tool to confdently screen patients with severe OSA.
Cardiovascular risk associated with co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Hein Matthieu , Lanquart Jean-Pol , Mungo Anais , Loas Gwenolé 
Published: February 2022

Objective In the general population, co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, despite a high prevalence of COMISA in type 2 diabetics, no study has investigated its potential implication in the negative cardiovascular outcome of this particular subpopulation. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the risk of CVD associated with COMISA in type 2 diabetics.
Methods Data from 471 type 2 diabetics recruited from the clinical database of the Erasme Hospital sleep laboratory were analysed. Only type 2 diabetics with SCORE index ≥5% were included in the group at high risk of CVD. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the risk of CVD associated with COMISA in type 2 diabetics.
Results A high risk of CVD was present in 32.9% of type 2 diabetics. After adjustment for the main confounding factors associated with cardiovascular risk, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that unlike obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome or insomnia alone, only COMISA was associated with higher risk of CVD in type 2 diabetics.
Discussion In our study, we have demonstrated that unlike its components alone, only COMISA was associated with higher risk of CVD in type 2 diabetics, which highlights the importance of the central role played by the negative synergistic effect of COMISA on the cardiovascular outcome in this particular subpopulation. Thus, given these elements, more systematic research and adequate therapeutic management of COMISA seem to be necessary to allow better cardiovascular prevention in type 2 diabetics.
Procedimientos en la lexicalización de los sonidos: estudio contrastivo español-inglés
Authors: Vivanco Cervero Verónica 
Published: February 2022

This article focuses on the lexical coining of the sounds in the field of science and technology in Spanish and English. Words of high use in the aforementioned field have been chosen, such as canto, chasquido/parásito, craqueo, galería de susurros/sala de murmullos, tintineo/castañeteo, ululación/chillido del buho, y zumbido y sus correlatos ingleses singing/humming, hash/parasite, cracking, whispering gallery, chatter, hoot, and hum, which show a greater number of synonyms in Spanish. The statistics show that the typologies of lexical coining in relation to the capture of sounds in both languages are fragmented (ametaphors, onomatopoeias, metaphors, personifications, animalizations and hybrid tipologies) and that onomatopoeias have a greater presence in English (66%) than in Spanish (42%).
Este artículo se centra en la acuñación léxica de algunos sonidos del ámbito de la ciencia y la tecnología en español e inglés. Se han elegido voces de alto uso en dicho ámbito: canto, chasquido/parásito, craqueo, galería de susurros/sala de murmullos, tintineo/castañeteo, ululación/chillido del buho, y zumbido y sus correlatos ingleses singing/humming, hash/parasite, cracking, whispering gallery, chatter, hoot, y hum, que muestran un mayor número de variantes sinónimas en español. Las estadísticas muestran que las tipologías de acuñación en lo relativo a la captación de sonido en ambos idiomas están muy fragmentadas (ametáforas, onomatopeyas, metáforas, personificaciones, animalizaciones y variantes mixtas) y que las onomatopeyas tienen una mayor presencia en inglés (66%) que en español (42%).
Encuadrando el 26J: la estrategia discursiva publicitaria de Cs en Twitter en la campaña del 26J
Authors: Villar Hernández Paz , Pellisser Rossell Nel.lo 
Published: February 2022

This work analyzes the communicative strategy of Ciudadanos for the dissemination of their spots on Twitter during the general election campaign of July 26, 2016. The research uses quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques, these are based on the discursive model of framing by Gallardo-Paúls (2014, 2021) that we adapt here, identifying specific categories of audiovisual language. The results show, in the first place, that the use of Twitter for the diffusion of the electoral spot was very scarce. On the other hand, the fundamental argument that presides over the textual strategy of the frame was to show itself as the party of union and change. In the area of intentional strategy, we find attack formulas directed at the PP and its leader, in an attempt to take over the center-right space and the useful vote. The interactive framing was homogeneous and vindictive and as for the enunciative framing, positive expressiveness both visually and discursively was the most used.
Este trabajo analiza la estrategia comunicativa de Ciudadanos para la difusión de sus spots en Twitter durante la campaña de las elecciones generales del 26 de julio de 2016. En la investigación se emplean técnicas de análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, estas se basan en el modelo discursivo de encuadre de Gallardo-Paúls (2014, 2021) que aquí adaptamos, identificando categorías específicas del lenguaje audiovisual. Los resultados muestran, en primer lugar, que el empleo de Twitter para la difusión del spot electoral fue muy escaso. Por otra parte, la argumentación fundamental que preside la estrategia textual del encuadre fue mostrarse como el partido de la unión y el cambio. En el ámbito de la estrategia intencional, encontramos fórmulas de ataque dirigidas al PP y a su líder, en un intento por adueñarse del espacio de centro-derecha y del voto útil. El encuadre interactivo se mostró homogéneo y reivindicativo y en cuanto al encuadre enunciativo la expresividad positiva tanto a nivel visual como discursivo fue la más empleada.
Certifying China
Authors: Sun Yixian 
Published: February 2022

A comprehensive study of the growth, potential, and limits of transnational eco-certification in China and the implications for other emerging economies.
China has long prioritized economic growth over environmental protection. But in recent years, the country has become a global leader in the fight to save the planet by promoting clean energy, cutting air and water pollution, and developing a system of green finance. In Certifying China, Yixian Sun explores the potential and limits of transnational eco-certification in moving the world's most populous country toward sustainable consumption and production. He identifies the forces that drive companies from three sectors—seafood, palm oil, and tea—to embrace eco-certification. The success of eco-certification, he says, will depend on the extent to which it wins the support of domestic actors in fast-growing emerging economies.
The assumption of eco-certification is that demand along the supply chain can drive businesses to adopt good practices for social, environmental, and economic sustainability by specifying rules for production, third-party verification, and product labeling. Through case studies drawn from extensive fieldwork and mixed methods, Sun traces the processes by which certification programs originating from the Global North were introduced in China and gradually gained traction. He finds that the rise of eco-certification in the Chinese market is mainly driven by state actors, including government-sponsored industry associations, who seek benefits of transnational governance for their own development goals. The book challenges the conventional wisdom that the Chinese state has little interest in supporting transnational governance, offering novel insights into the interaction between state and non-state actors in earth system governance in emerging economies.
Lipid extraction from microalgae using pure caprolactam-based ionic liquids and with organic co-solvent
Authors: Naiyl Rania A. , Kengara Fredrick O. , Kiriamiti Kirimi H. , Ragab Yousif A. 
Published: February 2022

Background
The main process limitation of microalgae biofuel technology is lack of cost-effective and efficient lipid extraction methods. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of six caprolactam-based ionic liquids (CPILs) namely, Caprolactamium chloride, Caprolactamium methyl sulphonate, Caprolactamium trifluoromethane sulfonate, Caprolactamium acetate, Caprolactamium hydrogen sulphate and Caprolactamium trifluoromethane-acetate—for extraction of lipids from wet and dry Spirulina platensis microalgae biomass. Of these, the first three are novel CPILs.

Methods
The caprolactam-based ionic liquids (CPILs) were formed by a combination of caprolactam with different organic and inorganic Brønsted acids, and used for lipid extraction from wet and dry S. platensis microalgae biomass. Extraction of microalgae was performed in a reflux at 95 °C for 2 h using pure CPILs and mixtures of CPIL with methanol (as co-solvent) in a ratio of 1:1 (w/w). The microalgae biomass was mixed with the ILs/ methanol in a ratio of 1:19 (w/w) under magnetic stirring.

Results
The yield by control experiment from dry and wet biomass was found to be 9.5% and 4.1%, respectively. A lipid recovery of 10% from dry biomass was recorded with both caprolactamium acetate (CPAA) and caprolactamium trifluoroacetate (CPTFA), followed by caprolactamium chloride (CPHA, 9.3 ± 0.1%). When the CPILs were mixed with methanol, observable lipids’ yield enhancement of 14% and 8% (CPAA), 13% and 5% (CPTFA), and 11% and 6% (CPHA) were recorded from dry and wet biomass, respectively. The fatty acid composition showed that C16 and C18 were dominant, and this is comparable to results obtained from the traditional solvent (methanol-hexane) extraction method. The lower level of pigments in the lipids extracted with CPHA and CPTFA is one of the advantages of using CPILs because they lower the cost of biodiesel production by reducing the purification steps.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the three CPILs, CPAA, CPHA and CPTFA can be considered as promising green solvents in terms of energy and cost saving in the lipid extraction and thus biodiesel production process.
A retrospective study on molecular epidemiology trends of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a teaching hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Kong Zhi Xian , N. Karunakaran Rina , Abdul Jabar Kartini , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Chong Chun Wie , Teh Cindy Shuan Ju 
Published: February 2022

Background
Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has rapidly disseminated worldwide and has become a global threat to the healthcare system due to its resistance towards “last line” antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CRE and the resistance mechanism as well as the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality.

Methods
A total of 168 CRE strains isolated from a tertiary teaching hospital from 2014–2015 were included in this study. The presence of carbapenemase genes and minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem, meropenem and colistin were investigated. All carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) strains were characterised by PFGE. The risk factors of patients infected by CRE associated with in-hospital mortality were determined statistically.

Results
The predominant CRE species isolated was K. pneumoniae. The carbapenemases detected were blaOXA-48, blaOXA-232, blaVIM and blaNDM of which blaOXA-48 was the predominant carbapenemase detected among 168 CRE strains. A total of 40 CRE strains harboured two different carbapenemase genes. A total of seven clusters and 48 pulsotypes were identified among 140 CRKp strains. A predominant pulsotype responsible for the transmission from 2014 to 2015 was identified. Univariate statistical analysis identified that the period between CRE isolation and start of appropriate therapy of more than 3 days was statistically associated with in-hospital mortality.
XX EXPOPPGIM 2020: resumos
Authors: Ciências Médicas e Biológicas Revista 
Published: February 2022

O Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia (PPGIm) há mais de 30 anos, vem formando recursos humanos de excelência, capacitados para as atividades de ensino e pesquisa em Imunologia e áreas correlatas, muitos já absorvidos por instituições da Bahia e de outros estados. O PPGIm tem realizado reuniões científicas visando difusão do conhecimento científico e integração acadêmica com a graduação e a pós-graduação da própria UFBA e outras IES. A ExpoPPGIm, Reunião Anual do Programa, já se tornou um evento tradicional, que acontece a cada ano, com a primeira edição no ano 2000, constituindo um fórum de integração de profissionais, pesquisadores e jovens cientistas, alunos de graduação e pós-graduação da UFBA e outras IES do Estado da Bahia, do Brasil e de outros Países com interesse no amplo domínio da Imunologia. O objetivo da ExpoPPGIm é divulgar conhecimento científico em Imunologia e áreas correlatas, gerado localmente, na Bahia, no Brasil, e outros países, tendo como público-alvo estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação, pesquisadores da UFBA e outras IES e profissionais da área. Esta XX Edição da ExpoPPGIm foi realizada inteiramente de forma virtual e contou com a participação como palestrantes além de pesquisadores da própria UFBA, pesquisadores vinculados a outras instituições de ensino e pesquisa da Bahia, do Brasil e do exterior, que apresentaram palestras em 6 sessões temáticas, relacionadas às linhas de pesquisa do Programa. Ainda, durante os 5 dias do evento, discentes do Programa apresentaram e discutiram sobre seus projetos de pesquisa em desenvolvimentoatravés de vídeo-pôsteres, distribuídos em 8 sessões, e assim também contribuindo para a integração acadêmica e a difusão do conhecimento científico em Imunologia e seus correlatos
Paulo Freire y la revolución cubana: paralelos y confluencias. La contribución que precisamos
Authors: De J. Pérez Cruz Felipe 
Published: February 2022

Nos hemos propuesto el estudio del contradictorio histórico que se aprecia, en las relaciones de Freire con la Revolución Cubana. Interesa explorar la historia, en su perspectiva proyectiva, en tanto experiencia y resultado para aprendizajes que sumen lo mejor de la práctica y la teoría pedagógica caribeña y latinoamericana, al esfuerzo de perfeccionamiento del socialismo cubano, a la ciencia y experiencia compartida para las actuales resistencias y luchas contra el capital y su ideología deshumanizante, por la construcción de alternativas revolucionarias en Nuestra América. Defendemos una ciencia social de vocaccación crítica, comprometida, más propositiva. Y Paulo Freire en estos propósitos continúa como uno de los imprescindibles
Paulo Freire, alfabetização e lutas sociais na América Latina
Authors: Ovelar Micaela , Murphy Catherine 
Published: February 2022

A Revista Germinal entrevistou Micaela Ovelar e Catherine Murphy, produtora e diretora respectivamente do documentário Fonemas da Liberdade, recém lançado no Brasil e que tem como tema o Centenário de Paulo Freire. O documentário é uma das produções audivisuais do The Literacy Project que elas fazem parte e que também já produziu outros documentários como o Maestra que aborda a participação das mulheres na Campanha de Alfabetização de Cuba e Mi primera tarea que conta como Silvio Rodriguez, um dos artistas cubanos mais reconhecido mundialmente, também foi um alfabetizador dessa campanha quando era jovem