bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student Burnout in Higher Education: A Demand-Resource Model Approach
Authors: Jagodics Balázs , Szabó Éva 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudent burnout is a serious problem in higher education. It is associated with harmful consequences, such as decreased engagement, performance, and motivation, which can lead to dropout. The job demand-resource model of burnout is a comprehensive framework to grasp the factors related to the emergence of burnout. Although numerous studies claim its suitability in explaining burnout in work environments, its applicability in the educational context is less explored. The study aimed to analyze the structure and reliability of the newly developed University Demand-Resource Questionnaire (UDRQ) and to explore the links between its subscales and symptoms of student burnout. Using the online survey method, 743 Hungarian undergraduate students participated in the data collection. The student version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used in addition to the UDRQ. In the data analysis procedure, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized. The confirmatory factor analysis identified a five-factor structure related to both demands and resources. Correlation analysis revealed burnout to be associated positively to the subscales of demands and negatively to resources. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that all five demands and two resources subscales can be used to build a model that predicts a significant proportion of the variance of student burnout scores. The findings suggest the demand-resource theory is an appropriate framework to predict burnout in higher education. The newly developed UDRQ has stable structure and good reliability and can be a useful tool in subsequent research related to student burnout.
Establishing a Thermal Imaging Technology (IRT) Based System for Evaluating Rat Erectile Function
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhao Zhendong , Wang Ziwen , Diao Tongxiang , Zhang Keqin , Zhang Hui , Sun Dingqi , Kong Feng , Fu Qiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Measurement of intra-cavernous pressure (ICP) is an internationally recognized method to evaluate erectile function of animals, however, this process is invasive, destructive, and cannot be repeated, leading to a daunting challenge for monitoring the changes in erectile function throughout the whole treatment duration.

Aim
To verify whether infrared ray thermography technology based system could be a good substitution of ICP for evaluating rat erectile function.

Methods
A novel thermal image-based method, infrared ray thermography technology (IRT) was employed to monitor erectile function in erectile dysfunction (ED) rats. To detect the sensitivity and specificity of this new technology, 4 ED rat models (Diabetic, nerve-injury, vascular-injury and aged ED models) were established and subjected to both ICP and IRT test.

Outcomes
Statistical comparisons were done to test the effectiveness of this new way for detecting and dynamically monitoring erectile function.

Results
Based on the data curves obtained from ICP and IRT, the IRT showed a similar trend (including peak value, climbing speed) as that of ICP. IRT is considered as a precise way to monitor the real-time changes of erectile function in all ED rat models. The AUC of peak temperature detected by IRT in DMED, aged ED, vascular-injury ED, the nerve-injury ED and total ED rat models were 0.9811,0.9836,0.9893,0.9989 and 0.9882, respectively. Meanwhile, the AUC of temperature climbing rate were 0.6486,0.8357,0.9184,0.8675and 0.8168.Also,it is a non-invasive process of dynamically monitoring erectile function of a same rat at different time points (before and after drug intervention). The data showed that the real-time recovery by tadalafil was obtained by IRT methods even after treatment for only 2 weeks in the diabetic ED (DMED) rat model.

Conclusion
A novel noninvasive method for monitoring erectile function in rat ED models was established, and can replace or supplement ICP test.
The Rule of Law for All Sentient Animals
Authors: Adenitire John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper argues for a theory of the rule of law that is inclusive of sentient non-human animals. It critiques the rule of law theories of Fuller, Waldron, and Allan, by showing that their theories presuppose that the legal subject is a person who can be guided by legal norms. This unduly excludes non-human animals, as well as certain humans who do not have rational capacities. If we view the basic idea of the rule of law as restraining arbitrary power, then rule of law theories need to give an account of who can be a potential victim of such power. Non-human animals and humans, whether endowed with rational capacities or not, can all be victims of arbitrary power. So, we need a new rule of law theory which is inclusive of all sentient animals, humans and non-human alike. This paper sets out such an inclusive theory.
Moving Along the Continuum of Loyalty From a Standard Towards Rules
Authors: Naftali Ben Zion Yifat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the location of the duty of loyalty—a unique legal norm in Common Law jurisdictions—both actual and desirable, on the continuum between rules and standards. A rule is a relatively ‘closed’ technical norm, at a high level of specificity; it requires little judicial discretion. A standard is an ‘open’ norm, with a greater degree of flexibility, that requires the exercise of discretion. The insights from this jurisprudential perspective are used to reveal the preferred way for further developing the duty of loyalty. The article explains that ‘loyalty,’ intuitively classified as a ‘pure’ standard, has been reconstructed over time as more specific rules. Moreover, it suggests that, ideally, this movement should continue; namely, when applying loyalty to a specific case, courts should include informative content that would promote predictability. It then illustrates that, unfortunately, this road is not always taken by the courts. A decision to retain loyalty as an ad hoc standard, or an inverse attempt to delineate the boundaries of this norm, has implications on the certainty, consistency, and ethical content of the law. Considering that this duty spreads across different legal fields, personal and commercial, the significance of this discussion becomes all the more evident.
Robust design using multiobjective optimisation and artificial neural networks with application to a heat pump radial compressor
Authors: Massoudi Soheyl , Picard Cyril , Schiffmann Jürg 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although robustness is an important consideration to guarantee the performance of designs under deviation, systems are often engineered by evaluating their performance exclusively at nominal conditions. Robustness is sometimes evaluated a posteriori through a sensitivity analysis, which does not guarantee optimality in terms of robustness. This article introduces an automated design framework based on multiobjective optimisation to evaluate robustness as an additional competing objective. Robustness is computed as a sampled hypervolume of imposed geometrical and operational deviations from the nominal point. In order to address the high number of additional evaluations needed to compute robustness, artificial neutral networks are used to generate fast and accurate surrogates of high-fidelity models. The identification of their hyperparameters is formulated as an optimisation problem. In the frame of a case study, the developed methodology was applied to the design of a small-scale turbocompressor. Robustness was included as an objective to be maximised alongside nominal efficiency and mass-flow range between surge and choke. An experimentally validated 1D radial turbocompressor meanline model was used to generate the training data. The optimisation results suggest a clear competition between efficiency, range and robustness, while the use of neural networks led to a speed-up by four orders of magnitude compared to the 1D code.
Robust design of complex socio-technical systems against seasonal effects: a network motif-based approach
Authors: Xiao Yinshuang , Sha Zhenghui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeasonal effects can significantly impact the robustness of socio-technical systems (STS) to demand fluctuations. There is an increasing need to develop novel design approaches that can support capacity planning decisions for enhancing the robustness of STS against seasonal effects. This paper proposes a new network motif-based approach to supporting capacity planning in STS for an improved seasonal robustness. Network motifs are underlying nonrandom subgraphs within a complex network. In this approach, we introduce three motif-based metrics for system performance evaluation and capacity planning decision-making. The first one is the imbalance score of a motif (e.g., a local service network), the second one is the measurement of a motif’s seasonal robustness, and the third one is a capacity planning decision criterion. Based on these three metrics, we validate that the sensitivity of STS performance against seasonal effects is highly correlated with the imbalanced capacity between service nodes in an STS. Correspondingly, we formulate a design optimisation problem to improve the robustness of STS by rebalancing the resources at critical service nodes. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, a case study on Divvy bike-sharing system in Chicago is conducted. With a focus on the size-3 motifs (a subgraph consisting three docked stations), we find that there is a significant correlation between the difference of the number of docks among the stations in a motif and the return/rental performance of such a motif against seasonal changes. Guided by this finding, our design approach can successfully balance out the number of docks between those stations that have caused the most severe seasonal perturbations. The results also imply that the network motifs can be an effective local structural representation in support of STS robust design. Our approach can be generally applied in other STS where the system performances are significantly impacted by seasonal changes, for example, supply chain networks, transportation systems and power grids.
Assessing the confidence, knowledge and learning preferences of healthcare workers regarding personal protective equipment use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Brown Rachel , Brown Amanda M. , Markman Sharon , Mian Rukhshan , Arora Vineet M. , Umscheid Craig A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe surveyed healthcare workers at an urban academic hospital in the United States about their confidence in and knowledge of appropriate personal protective equipment use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Among 461 respondents, most were confident and knowledgeable about use. Prescribers or nurses and those extremely confident about use were also the most knowledgeable.
Weak amenability of free products of hyperbolic and amenable groups
Authors: Vergara Ignacio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe show that if G is an amenable group and H is a hyperbolic group, then the free product
$G\ast H$
is weakly amenable. A key ingredient in the proof is the fact that
$G\ast H$
is orbit equivalent to
$\mathbb{Z}\ast H$
.
Social Movements and Social Policy: New Research Horizons
Authors: ISHKANIAN ARMINE 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcross the globe, movements are confronting states and elites, challenging inequalities and mobilising for greater justice, a stronger voice, and progressive policy changes. In this article, I bridge the divide between Social Policy and the interdisciplinary field of Social Movement Studies. I examine how and why social movements, as actors in policy fields and social movement theories, matter for social policy. I argue that research on social movements as actors and engagement with social movement theories can open new horizons in Social Policy research by advancing our understanding of the politics of policy from a global perspective and strengthening our analytical and explanatory frameworks of agency, ideas, and power in the study of continuity and change of policy.
Contested disaster nationalism in the digital age: Emotional registers and geopolitical imaginaries in COVID-19 narratives on Chinese social media
Authors: Zhang Chenchen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article examines how affective narratives of the COVID-19 pandemic on Chinese social media reinforce and challenge established scripts of national identity, political legitimacy, and international geopolitical imaginary. Taking theoretical insights from the scholarship on trauma, disaster nationalism, and politics of emotions, I structure the analysis of social media posts from state media and private accounts around three emotional registers: grief as a crucial site of control and contestation during the initial stage of the outbreak; gandong (being moved in a positive way) associated with stories of heroic sacrifices, national unity, and mundane ‘heart-warming’ moments; and enmity in narratives of power struggles and ideological competition between China and ‘the West’, especially the United States. While state media has sought to transform the crisis into resources for strengthening national belonging and regime legitimacy through a digital reworking of the long-standing repertoire of disaster nationalism, alternative articulations of grief, rage, and vernacular memory that refuse to be incorporated into the ‘correct collective memory’ of a nationalised tragedy have persisted in digital space. Furthermore, the article explicates the ways in which popular narratives affectively reinscribe dominant ideas about the (inter)national community: such as the historical imagination of a continuous nationhood rising from disasters and humiliation, positive energy, and a dichotomous view of the international order characterised by Western hegemony and Chinese victimhood. The geopolitical narratives of the pandemic build on and exacerbate binary oppositions between China and ‘the West’ in the global imaginary, which are co-constructed through discursive practices on both sides in mutually reinforcing ways. The lens of emotion allows us to attend to the resonances and dissonances between official and popular narrativisations of the disaster without assuming a one-way determinate relationship between the two.
PhD Abstracts
Authors: HUTTON GRAHAM 
Published: January 2022

Many students complete PhDs in functional programming each year. As a service to the community, twice per year the Journal of Functional Programming publishes the abstracts from PhD dissertations completed during the previous year.
The abstracts are made freely available on the JFP website, i.e. not behind any paywall. They do not require any transfer of copyright, merely a license from the author. A dissertation is eligible for inclusion if parts of it have or could have appeared in JFP, that is, if it is in the general area of functional programming. The abstracts are not reviewed.
We are delighted to publish five abstracts in this round and hope that JFP readers will find many interesting dissertations in this collection that they may not otherwise have seen. If a student or advisor would like to submit a dissertation abstract for publication in this series, please contact the series editor for further details.
Graham Hutton
PhD Abstract Editor
Natural Hazards Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science
Authors: Sharma Sanjib , Dahal Kshitij , Nava Lorenzo , Gouli Manish Raj , Talchabhadel Rocky , Panthi Jeeban , Roy Tirthankar , Ghimire Ganesh R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article is about the state of ICON principles Goldman et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EO153180 in natural hazards and a discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Natural hazards pose risks to society, infrastructure, and the environment. Hazard interactions and their cascading phenomena in space and time can further intensify the impacts. Natural hazards’ risks are expected to increase in the future due to environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic changes. It is important to quantify and effectively communicate risks to inform the design and implementation of risk mitigation and adaptation strategies. Multihazard multisector risk management poses several nontrivial challenges, including: (a) integrated risk assessment, (b) Earth system data‐model fusion, (c) uncertainty quantification and communication, and (d) crossing traditional disciplinary boundaries. Here, we review these challenges, highlight current research and operational endeavors, and underscore diverse research opportunities. We emphasize the need for integrated approaches, coordinated processes, open science, and networked efforts (ICON) for multihazard multisector risk management.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in China: Will Decoupling of Their Emissions and Socioeconomic Growth Emerge?
Authors: Cao Xianghui , Huo Shouliang , Zhang Hanxiao , Zhao Xiaoli , Guo Wei , He Zhuoshi , Ma Chunzi , Zheng Jiaqi , Song Shuai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are emitted into the environment by daily anthropogenic activities and they potentially threaten human health. Over the past 40 years, the coupling between PAHs emissions driven by energy transition and socioeconomic factors has yet to be determined, and future trends between the two parameters are unclear. In China, the emissions of PAHs increased from 1980 to 2016, and the average annual variation rate was 3.5%. After 2016, PAHs emissions were decoupled from socioeconomic growth. PAHs emissions exhibited a change from a developed region (eastern region) to an undeveloped region (central region and western region). The emissions of PAHs, if only driven by energy transition, will reach a peak in 2035 under the shared economic pathways (SSP1, SSP2, SSP4, and SSP5), which are defined to assess sustainable development. The emissions of PAHs will continuously increase by +9.8% under SSP3 during 2020–2050. Comparing these five socioeconomic pathways, SSP1 is the possible choice to achieve the sustainable decoupling of the emissions of PAHs and socioeconomic growth by transforming the drivers of economic growth, thereby optimizing the energy system and cultivating environmentally friendly behaviors.
MESSENGER X‐Ray Observations of Electron Precipitation on the Dayside of Mercury
Authors: Lindsay S. T. , Bunce E. J. , Imber S. M. , Martindale A. , Nittler L. R. , Yeoman T. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe first maps of electron‐induced X‐ray emission from the dayside of Mercury's surface are presented, generated by the development of a solar X‐ray flux filter. This enables the isolation of the X‐ray fluorescence of calcium driven by probable electron precipitation. A catalog of such events has been generated and dayside maps of implied electron precipitation zones have been produced. We find that, similar to electron induced emission events on the nightside, these zones are strongly organized by latitude and magnetic local time. The majority of the dayside events appear in the southern hemisphere and there is a strong enhancement observed centered about local dawn (06:00 LT). There is apparent poleward continuation of emission in the north, but very few events were observed on the duskward hemisphere. These results carry implications for Mercury's magnetosphere by constraining zones of electron precipitation, for the exosphere as a potential source of exospheric species, and for surface science as an additional source of X‐ray fluorescence.
A Method to Mitigate the Effects of Strong Geomagnetic Storm on GNSS Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Luo Xiaomin , Du Junfeng , Lou Yidong , Gu Shengfeng , Yue Xinan , Liu Jingbin , Chen Biyan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGeomagnetic storm can affect the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning services. To mitigate the adverse effects of strong geomagnetic storms, we propose to establish the geometry‐free (GF) cycle slip threshold model based on ionospheric disturbance index rate of total electron content index to reduce the false detection rate of cycle slip in GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) during strong storm periods, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of GNSS PPP. The performance of our proposed model is validated by using 171 International GNSS Service (IGS) tracking stations data on 8 September 2017. The analysis indicates that compared with conventional PPP scheme, the proposed model can improve the positioning accuracy by approximately 14.0% (36.8%) and 23.1% (51.5%) in the horizonal and vertical components for global (high latitudes) stations. Furthermore, the availability of our proposed model is also validated by PPP experiments using 379 IGS tracking stations data during another strong storm occurred on 26 August 2018.
Management of validation of HPLC method for determination of acetylsalicylic acid impurities in a new pharmaceutical product
Authors: Kowalska Małgorzata , Woźniak Magdalena , Kijek Michał , Mitrosz Paulina , Szakiel Jerzy , Turek Paweł 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe work mainly focused on a validation of the method for determining the content of salicylic acid and individual unknown impurities in new pharmaceutical product—tablets containing: 75, 100 or 150 mg of acetylsalicylic acid and glycine in the amount of 40 mg for each dosage. The separation of the components was carried out by means of HPLC, using a Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) as the stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 85% orthophosphoric acid, acetonitrile and purified water (2:400:600 V/V/V). Detection was carried out at a wavelength of 237 nm, with a constant flow rate of 1.0 ml min−1. In order to verify the method, linearity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility), accuracy, specificity, range, robustness, system precision, stability of the test and standard solution, limit of quantification and forced degradation were determined. Validation tests were performed in accordance with ICH (International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) guidelines. The method was validated successfully. It was confirmed that the method in a tested range of 0.005–0.40% salicylic acid with respect to acetylsalicylic acid content is linear, precise and accurate.