bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An augmented reality-based system for improving quality of services operations: a study of educational institutes
Authors: Egaji Oche A. , Asghar Ikram , Griffiths Mark G. , Hinton David 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the usability of the augmented reality-based Evoke Education System (EES) to improve service operations in educational settings. The EES uses an animated character (Moe) to interact with children in a classroom by reproducing their teacher's movements and speech.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a quantitative approach for the system usability evaluation. The ESS was evaluated by 71 children aged 6–8 years old, from two primary schools. After interacting with the EES, they completed a system usability questionnaire and participated in a knowledge acquisition test.FindingsThe knowledge acquisition test undertaken on the initial day showed statistically significant improvements for children taught with the EES, compared to children taught through traditional teaching approaches. However, the retest nine days later was not statistically significant (as only one school participated) due to low power. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), resulting in the identification of five essential factors (likeability, interactiveness, retention, effectiveness/attractiveness and satisfaction) that contribute to the EES's usability. The comparison with existing literature shows that these factors are consistent with the definition of system usability provided by the International Organization for Standardization and current academic literature in this field.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings presented in this study are based on the data from only two schools. The research can be extended by involving children from a greater number of schools. Mixed methods and qualitative research approaches can be used for future research in this area to generalise the results.Originality/valueThis study proposes an innovative augmented reality-based education system to help teachers deliver their key messages to the children in a fun way that can potentially increase their knowledge retention.
Changes in the direction of the diversity–productivity relationship over 15 years of stand development in a planted temperate forest
Authors: Shovon Tanvir Ahmed , Kang Stephanie , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Nock Charles A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Experiments manipulating diversity in both forests and grasslands have often observed a positive diversity–productivity relationship (DPR) which tends to strengthen during plant community development. This pattern is generally attributed to an increase in niche complementarity or facilitation. Most analyses do not examine species dominance and density, which also change over time. Moreover, how neighbourhood‐scale interactions among tree species affect the DPR is not well‐understood.

We analysed growth and mortality data from the Simplex experiment, a part of the BIOTREE tree diversity experiment. Simplex consists of 36 plots each planted with four common and commercially important tree species to create a gradient of tree species evenness at two tree densities (6667 and 3556 trees ha−1). We test whether: (a) the effect of evenness on total above‐ground biomass productivity increase with stand development (year), (b) the effect of evenness on productivity is stronger in dense plots; and (c) intraspecific competition from neighbours negatively affect the growth of dominant species more strongly compared to co‐dominant species, and whether this negative effect is stronger in denser plots.

The direction of DPR was initially negative because the fast‐growing long‐lived pioneer Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) dominated. However, with time, shade‐tolerant Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) increased in abundance (by biomass), and the relationship between evenness and biomass increment changed from negative to positive in high‐density plots. Neighbourhood analyses revealed that for Douglas fir and Norway spruce, conspecifics reduced individual growth rates across density levels and years.

Synthesis. We observed a shift in the diversity–productivity relationship over 15 years in our experiment. Over time, increasing intraspecific competition limited the increment of the abundant Douglas fir in uneven plots, and a persistent increase in the abundance (by biomass) of shade‐tolerant Norway spruce and European beech in even plots led to a higher community biomass increment, which led to a positive DPR. Emergence of a positive DPR in temperate forest plantations requires significant time and is importantly promoted by diversity at the neighbourhood scale (intimate mixtures) as well as higher density planting.
Effect of Medicare Advantage on health care use and care dissatisfaction in mental illness
Authors: Park Sungchul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollment on health care use and dissatisfaction with care received among Medicare beneficiaries with mental illness.Data SourcesI identified traditional Medicare (TM) and MA beneficiaries with mental illness using the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey for 2012–2016.Study DesignI included two types of outcomes: four measures of health care use and 10 measures of care dissatisfaction. My primary independent variable was enrollment in TM versus MA. To address selective enrollment into MA, I used an instrumental variable (IV) approach. Following prior research, I decomposed the MA benchmark into exogenous and endogenous components and then used the exogenous component as my instrument.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsNot Applicable.Principal FindingsIV analyses showed that compared with TM enrollment, MA enrollment significantly decreased outpatient hospital visits and medical provider visits by 6.73 (95% CI: −12.10 to −1.36) and 36.48 (95% CI: −52.67 to −20.28). However, there were no significant changes in inpatient hospital admissions and prescription drug purchases. Compared with TM enrollment, MA enrollment significantly increased dissatisfaction with out‐of‐pocket expenses by 25.51 percentage points (95% CI: 0.43 to 50.60). However, there were no significant changes in other measures of care dissatisfaction in terms of access to care, quality of care, and prescription medication.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that MA enrollment may lead to low health care use among those with mental illness, indicating efficient care delivery. Also, MA enrollment may not preclude those with mental illness from accessing needed care. However, high dissatisfaction with out‐of‐pocket expenses among MA beneficiaries may imply the use of out‐of‐network providers. Further research is warranted to investigate whether high dissatisfaction with out‐of‐pocket expenses may be attributable to MA's narrow networks for mental services.
Health center use and hospital‐based care among individuals dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid, 2012–2018
Authors: Wright Brad , Akiyama Jill , Potter Andrew J. , Sabik Lindsay M. , Stehlin Grace G. , Trivedi Amal N. , Wolinsky Fredric D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between federally qualified health center (FQHC) use and hospital‐based care among individuals dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid.Data SourcesData were obtained from 2012 to 2018 Medicare claims.Study DesignWe modeled hospital‐based care as a function of FQHC use, person‐level factors, a Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) indicator, and ZIP code fixed effects. Outcomes included emergency department (ED) visits (overall and nonemergent), observation stays, hospitalizations (overall and for ambulatory care sensitive conditions), and 30‐day unplanned returns. We stratified all models on the basis of eligibility and rurality.Data Extraction MethodsOur sample included individuals dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid for at least two full consecutive years, residing in a primary care service area with an FQHC. We excluded individuals without primary care visits, who died, or had end‐stage renal disease.Principal FindingsAfter the Medicare PPS was introduced, FQHC use in rural counties was associated with fewer ED and nonemergent ED visits per 100 person‐years among both age‐eligible (−14.8 [−17.5, −12.1]; −6.6 [−7.5, −5.6]) and disability‐eligible duals (−11.3 [−14.4, −8.3]; −6 [−7.4, −4.6]) as well as a lower probability of observation stays (−0.8 pp age‐eligible; −0.4 pp disability‐eligible) and unplanned returns (−2.1 pp age‐eligible; −1.9 pp disability‐eligible). In urban counties, FQHC use was associated with more ED and nonemergent ED visits per 100 person‐years (10.6 [8.4, 12.8]; 4.0 [2.6, 5.4]) among disability‐eligible duals (a decrease of more than 60% compared with the pre‐PPS period) and increases in the probability of hospitalization (1.1 pp age‐eligible; 0.8 pp disability‐eligible) and ACS hospitalization (0.5 pp age‐eligible; 0.3 pp disability‐eligible) (a decrease of roughly 50% compared with the pre‐PPS period).ConclusionsFQHC use is associated with reductions in hospital‐based care among dual enrollees after introduction of the Medicare PPS. Further research is needed to understand how FQHCs can tailor care to best serve this complex population.
Preservation by lyophilization of a human intestinal microbiota: influence of the cultivation pH on the drying outcome and re‐establishment ability
Authors: Haindl Regina , Totzauer Lisa , Kulozik Ulrich 
Published: February 2022

SummaryFaecal microbiota transplantation is an emerging medical concept for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. This concept, however, has disadvantages as low storability of stool and intensive donor screening. A solution to overcome these problems would be the preservation of an in vitro microbiota through freeze–drying. However, the influence of the entire preservation process, including cultivation and lyophilization, has not been assessed so far. In this study, the influences of the process steps cultivation, drying and re‐cultivation were determined with cell count, production of metabolites, microbial composition and diversity in the system as evaluation criteria. All pH conditions resulted in stable, culturable communities after re‐cultivation. Cell count, richness, diversity and microbial composition were affected by freeze–drying, but these effects were reversible and vanished during re‐cultivation. Hence, the re‐cultivated system did not differ from the system before drying. The metabolism, measured by short‐chain fatty acids as indicators, showed slight changes due to natural dynamics. Consequently, the cultivation prior to drying was identified to have more influence than the drying itself on the preservation process and therefore the biggest potential for optimization. Hence, the highest similarity with the initial stool sample was obtained with pH 6.0 ‐ 6.5 during cultivation.
Rapid gain and loss of predator recognition by an evolutionarily naïve lizard
Authors: Cliff Hannah B. , Jones Menna E. , Johnson Chris N. , Pech Roger P. , Biemans Bart T. , Barmuta Leon A. , Norbury Grant L. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe introduction of mammalian predators often results in loss of native biodiversity due to naiveté of native prey to novel predators. In New Zealand, an island system with virtually no native mammalian predators, introduced mammalian predators threaten a large proportion of the native fauna. A critical step in adapting to introduced predators is the ability to recognize and respond to a novel predation threat. Whether New Zealand's lizards can do this has received little attention. We compared the basking behaviour of native McCann's skinks (Oligosoma maccanni) when exposed to a live cat (Felis catus), cat body odour, a model raptor (representing a coevolved predator) or procedural controls. We inferred predator recognition from reductions in individual basking and higher selection for basking sites with greater refuge availability. We tested these behavioural responses for two skink populations: one from an area with high abundance of mammalian predators including feral cats and the other from a fenced conservation reserve where predators have been excluded for over 10 years (3–4 skink generations). Skinks from the high‐predator population reduced basking when exposed to cat and raptor cues, whereas skinks from the predator‐free population did not. These results suggest that within approximately 150 years of exposure to novel predators, McCann's skinks might be able to recognize the threat posed by invasive mammals. However, they also demonstrate that predator recognition and antipredator behaviours may not necessarily be retained once gained. The rapid loss of basking‐related antipredator behaviours might reflect the high fitness costs of reduced basking for this species. Our results indicate that the behavioural response of skinks is flexible and that skinks may maximize individual fitness by balancing the risk of predation with the costs of antipredator behaviours.
Financing Reparative Climate Infrastructures: Capital Switching, Repair, and Decommodification
Authors: Webber Sophie , Nelson Sara , Millington Nate , Bryant Gareth , Bigger Patrick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite geographical critiques of the financialisation of climate governance, the realities of deteriorating environmental conditions, entrenched market logics, and the concentration of capital in the hands of financiers demand new strategies to contend with climate finance. We envision routes to better futures by surveying “financialised” responses to climate catastrophe that might be harnessed towards more reparative and decommodified ends. We combine ideas of “repair” and “capital switching” to evaluate financial tools for “reparative climate infrastructures” in five cases centred on energy, land, and water in the United States, Australia, Indonesia, and Brazil. Through these cases, we identify three key themes—governance, scale, and the state—that illuminate the socioecological, material, and political dimensions of reparative capital switching. The cases are each hopeful and cautionary. Together they offer a window into the contested terrain of climate finance in the present and highlight the need for critical attention to its strategic possibilities.
A ten‐year retrospective case review of risk factors associated with sleep‐related infant deaths
Authors: Godoy Maria , Maher Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe study aimed to identify risk factors associated with sleep‐related deaths of infants (0–24 months) in the province of Manitoba, Canada, between January 2009 and December 2018.MethodsA systematic retrospective case review of autopsies and administrative records in Manitoba between 2009 and 2018.ResultsA total of 145 infants died in cases where unsafe sleep environments were known to have contributed to or resulted in their death and where no explained medical causes were identified. Where data complete, all infants had at least one known risk factor for sleep‐related deaths, and 96% had multiple. The most common risk factors increased over time and included objects in the sleeping environment (90% of cases), not approved sleep surfaces (77%) and bedsharing (50%). Indigenous infants, infants of young mothers and infants in low‐income neighbourhoods are overrepresented. Risk factors for Indigenous infants differed from cases involving non‐Indigenous infants.ConclusionA high proportion of sleep‐related infant deaths were associated with not approved sleep surfaces and bedsharing, especially for infants under one year. Families in low‐income neighbourhoods, Indigenous families and families with young mothers were disproportionately affected by sleep‐related infant deaths. There is a need to enhance messaging and smoking cessation messaging in Indigenous communities to prevent sleep‐related deaths.
Setting research priorities for management and treatment of hyperhidrosis: the results of the James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership
Authors: Dunford Louise Jane , Radley Kathy , McPhee Margaret , McDonald Louise , Oliver Richard John , Alexandroff Anton , Hussain Hana Amber , Miller Janice Adasa , Tarpey Maryrose , Clifton Andrew Victor 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundHyperhidrosis is a common skin condition characterized by excessive sweating, which can negatively impact on quality of life. It is under-researched compared with other conditions of similar prevalence.AimTo generate a Top 10 list of research priorities for the treatment and management of hyperhidrosis, with equal input from people with hyperhidrosis and healthcare professionals (HCPs).MethodsA priority setting partnership (PSP) was established and processes from the James Lind Alliance Handbook were followed. An online survey asked participants what questions they would like research to answer. These questions were grouped into ‘indicative questions’, which were ranked in a second survey of 45 indicative questions. The top 23 questions were then taken to a final workshop event attended by key stakeholders, and ranked to generate the Top 10 list of research priorities.ResultsThere were 592 questions submitted by 268 respondents for the first survey. For the second survey, 286 participants ranked the indicative questions in order of priority. At the final workshop, the Top 10 list was generated. The top three priorities were: (i) Are there any safe and effective permanent solutions for hyperhidrosis? (ii) What is the most effective and safe oral treatment (drugs taken by mouth) for hyperhidrosis? and (iii) What are the most effective and safe ways to reduce sweating in particular areas of the body?ConclusionsThere are many unanswered research questions that both people with hyperhidrosis and HCPs would like to see answered. The results from this PSP will help to ensure future research funding can be directed to these areas of priority.
Relevance of deceased donor proteinuria for kidney transplantation: A comprehensive national cohort study
Authors: Kuhn Christian , Born Alex , Karolin Andrea , Lang Brian , Binet Isabelle , Golshayan Délaviz , Haidar Fadi , Müller Thomas F. , Schaub Stefan , Immer Franz , Koller Michael , Sidler Daniel ,   the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeProteinuria is frequent in patients with nephropathies and associated with progressive kidney disease and risk for end stage kidney disease. However, the relevance of deceased donor proteinuria on transplant outcome remains uncertain. In this nationwide cohort study, we evaluated the prevalence of proteinuria in deceased donor candidates and measured the impact on outcome after kidney transplantation.MethodsData from the Swiss Organ Allocation System and the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study were analyzed, comprising 1725 donors and 1516 recipients transplanted between 2008 and 2019. We correlated urine findings with donor characteristics and quantified the impact of proteinuria on allograft function at 12 months and survival.ResultsProteinuria influenced allocation decisions in 4.5% of nonimmunological organ declines and was the leading cause for decline in 0.2% of cases. 74.1%, 51.4%, and 35.3% of donor candidates had a baseline proteinuria above 15, 30, and 50 mg protein/mmol urine creatinine, respectively. Proteinuria above 30 mg/mmol was associated with female donor sex, mechanical resuscitation, acute kidney injury, and time delay between ICU entry and urine sampling. Donor proteinuria was not associated with patient or allograft survival, nor allograft function at 12 months.ConclusionWe report a high prevalence of proteinuria in donor candidates, without evidence of a deleterious impact of proteinuria on graft function and/or survival. Therefore, low‐level proteinuria should not be considered a limiting contraindication for kidney allocation in deceased donor transplant.
The Conflict about the Restitution of Art Works: A Solomonic Proposal
Authors: Frey Bruno S. , Briviba Andre 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe deep‐seated conflict and controversial debate about the restitution of art is in need of other approaches than the established ones. One side argues that these art works have been looted and belongs to the countries where they originated. Therefore, they must be restituted. The other side argues that some of these art works were bought on a market and were not stolen. Moreover, the art works were well conserved in the Western museums and would otherwise no longer exist. Despite many discussions, the conflict seems to be intractable and has also reached the political sphere. We propose an unorthodox way to mitigate the current conflict and to enable more people to consume culture. The new potential of identically replicating originals is combined with random choice. As the large majority of cultural works of arts are the object of observation, only replication is thought to be well suited to fulfill this requirement. However, we acknowledge the limitations of our proposal with respect to human remains and works of art that are put into use in a cultural context from which it was appropriated.
Migratory regulation by MTA homologous genes is essential for the uniform distribution of planarian adult pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sato Yuki , Shibata Norito , Hashimoto Chikara , Agata Kiyokazu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe migration of adult stem cells in vivo is an important issue, but the complex tissue structures involved, and limited accessibility of the cells hinder a detailed investigation. To overcome these problems, the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica was used because it has a simple body plan and abundant adult pluripotent stem cells (neoblasts) distributed uniformly throughout its body. To investigate the migratory mechanisms of neoblasts, two planarian homologous genes of metastatic tumor antigen (MTA‐A and MTA‐B), a protein involved in cancer metastasis that functions through histone deacetylation, were identified, and their function was analyzed using RNA interference (RNAi). MTA‐A or MTA‐B knockdown disrupted homeostatic tissue turnover and regeneration in planarians. Whereas neoblasts in MTA‐A (RNAi) and MTA‐B (RNAi) animals were maintained, neoblast differentiation was inhibited. Furthermore, the normal uniform neoblast distribution pattern changed to a branch‐like pattern in MTA‐A (RNAi) and MTA‐B (RNAi) animals. To examine the neoblast migratory ability, a partial X‐ray irradiation assay was performed in D. japonica. Using this assay system, the MTA‐A knockdown neoblasts migrated collectively in a branch‐like pattern, and the MTA‐B knockdown neoblasts were not able to migrate. These results indicated that MTA‐A was required for the exit of neoblasts from the branch‐like region, and that MTA‐B was required for neoblast migration. Thus, the migration mediated by MTA‐A and MTA‐B enabled uniform neoblast distribution and was required for neoblast differentiation to achieve tissue homeostasis and regeneration.