bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting agroforestry for increasing land cover and sustaining livelihood through Social Forestry schemes in Indonesia
Authors: Octavia D , Rachmat H H , Njurumana G N , Danu  , Ngongo Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Proper management of Indonesian tropical forests is addressed to realize the community’s welfare and forest sustainability. Agroforestry is a smart solution to provide balance in ecological, economic, and social benefits. This paper is aimed to provide plant growth and survival rate data in the establishment of agroforestry demonstration plots in three different schemes of Social Forestry in Indonesia, namely Paru Village Forest (PVF) in West Sumatra, Cempaka Forestry Partnership in Lampung, and Tuar Tana Community Forestry (TCF) in East Nusa Tenggara. Twenty-six plant species, both forest trees and seasonal crops, were planted at all sites by applying agroforestry models. All planted species were planted based on site-specific suitability regarding different climate regime and their social pReferences. The survival rate and plant height were observed at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months after planting (MAP). The best result of plants’ survival rate was found in PVF at 12 and 18 MAP, respectively 93.5% and 78.9% supported by the high community participation in tending their crops. Plants’ survival rate in TCF was relatively low, amounted 43.2%, due to the drought affecting the plant growth in this semi-arid region, even though the forest farmers have a high effort in tending their crops.
A preliminary study of seismic hazard condition for recent earthquake activities on Sumatra Island
Authors: Simanjuntak A V H , Khalqillah A , Asra N , Rusdin A A , Sihotang N , Simagnunsong A V , Ginting R A , Asnawi Y , Muksin U 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe active tectonic condition in Sumatra Island has generated several significant earthquakes followed by massive losses. Therefore, the seismic hazard scheme must be carefully conducted. Here, we analyzed the hypocenters distribution by relative relocation for stochastic analysis with machine learning to determine the seismic hazard condition. The well-relocated hypocenters figure several clusters ranging from 20 – 40 km to the megathrust zone to 0 – 20 km to the active faults. Total earthquakes were reduced from 12111 to 6598 after decluttering, which provided the values of magnitude completeness of 4.3, a value of ~8.4, and b-value of 0.98, indicating a highly stressful condition. The peak ground acceleration in Sumatra Island for 10% and 2% in 50 years range with the highest values of 0.6 – 0.8 gal along active faults while the lowest value with 0.0 – 0.3 gal in the megathrust zone. An example of observation from the crustal earthquake in Langsa city suggests an important validation between numerical model and observation. A similar condition between the model and observation will provide a good concept that can be used to construct a mitigation plan.
Predictive modelling of mercury pollution in Indonesian ASGM areas and evaluation of the main factors using machine learning algorithm
Authors: Nuryanty C D , Riani E , Abidin Z , Sutjahjo S H , Riyadi A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Artisanal Small-scales Gold Mining (ASGM) which are using mercury as a gold solvent is still exposed in Indonesia recently. The purpose of this study was to predict the level of environmental pollution due to the presence of mercury in ASGM areas in several cities in Indonesia. This study used data mining techniques based on samples of mercury concentration data in groundwater, river water, sediment, soil, plants, biota (fish), and ambient air collected from 2018 to 2021 at ASGM areas that are still actively operated. The prediction model was using the Naïve Bayes algorithm which showed an accuracy of 99.1% and a Kappa value of 0.815 which illustrated that the level of agreement of the model is very strong. The study result describe the mercury content of each environmental media compared to the national quality standard showed that the areas with the highest levels of pollution were Lebak-Banten, while the areas with moderate and low levels of pollution were Simpenan-Sukabumi and Cineam-Tasikmalaya. A prediction model through visualization can provide an overview of the main factor causing high pollution in certain ASGM areas, namely the non-optimal process of transferring gold processing technology without mercury and the lack of awareness of the dangers of mercury. These factors can be used as evidence for preparing “Regional Action Plans for Mercury Reduction and Elimination”.
Policy development of urban railway services sustainability in Indonesia: A multipol application
Authors: Wijayanto Yanuar , Fauzi Akhmad , Rustiadi Ernan , Syartinilia  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The daily traffic congestion faced by residents who live in the Greater Jakarta area has popularized the Jabodetabek Electric Train (KRL) as a mode of transportation for commuters to work and school. However, satisfactory service has not matched the increasing number of KRL users. Therefore, this study aims to develop a sustainability policy for urban rail services in Indonesia as an alternative strategy to overcome KRL service problems, such as overcapacity and inconvenience. The Multipol method is used to develop KRL service sustainability policies. Multipol is a multi-criteria decision-making method through the opinion of transportation experts. This study found that controlling the spread of COVID in the KRL is one of the priorities that must be implemented to ensure the continuity of the train. Then, the safety and security of the KRL are among the most critical policies determining the sustainability of urban railways in Indonesia. Therefore, safety and security can be improved by developing the competence of railway personnel through training, and protection, guaranteeing the rights of persons with disabilities and building safe and secure transfer spaces for onward journeys. The Ministry of Transportation and Indonesian commuter rail companies must improve supervision, assessment, and sanctions to meet service standards.
Use of Rhizophora apiculata and its cut-propagule seedling method for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia
Authors: Usman A H A , Hartoyo A P P , Kusmana C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A high decrease in Indonesia’s mangrove forests requires effective and efficient rehabilitation efforts. One of the efforts is the use of Rhizophora apiculata as the adaptive mangrove species and the cut-propagule seedling method of the species for accelerating plant propagation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the scientific literature on the use of R. apiculata for mangrove rehabilitation and to analyze the growth of R. apiculata derived from the cut-propagule seedlings. Scientific literature was collected from 2012 to 2022 in Google Scholar. An experimental study was conducted using the following treatments: cut-propagule, growth regulator, and planting media with 3 replications. About 90% of 980 articles stated the R. apiculata as the main species for mangrove rehabilitation. However, there was no study on the effect of cut-propagule seedlings on the growth of R. apiculata. Propagule cutting significantly affects the increase in height and diameter. Treatment of no propagule cutting, growth regulator (10 000 ppm), also a combination of mud+sand resulted in the highest height increment. Treatment of no propagule cutting, no growth regulator, and the combination of mud+sand resulted in the highest diameter increment. The cut-propagule method can be an alternative method to produce more seedlings than no propagule cutting.
Understanding resistance increase in composite inks under monotonic and cyclic stretching
Authors: Li Q , Antoniou A , Pierron O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cyclic degradation in flexible electronic inks remains a key challenge while their deployment in life critical applications is ongoing. The origin of electrical degradation of a screen-printed stretchable conductive ink with silver flakes embedded in a polyurethane binder is investigated under uniaxial monotonic and cyclic stretching, using in-situ confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy experiments, for varying ink thickness (1, 2, and 3 layers, each layer around 8–10 μm) and trace width (0.5, 1, and 2 mm). Cracks form under monotonic stretching, and the evolution of crack pattern (density, length and width) with applied strain is affected by ink thickness such that the 3-layer ink exhibits larger normalized resistance but slightly lower resistance than the 1-layer ink up to strains of 125%. For cyclic stretching, the crack density and length do not evolve with cycling. However, the cracks widen and deepen, leading to an increase in resistance with cycling. There exists a strong correlation between fatigue life, i.e. the number of cycles until a normalized resistance of 100 is reached, and the strain amplitude. The normalized resistance increase rate with respect to cycling is also found to scale with strain amplitude. The rate of change in resistance with cycling decreases with ink thickness and trace width. For practical applications, thicker (

⩾

25 μm) and wider (⩾2 mm) inks should be used to lower resistance increases with repeated deformation.
Concentrations and emissions of trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) from eastern china inferred from atmospheric observations
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Xinhe , Li Bowei , Hu Xiaoyi , Fang Xuekun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Trichlorotrifluoroethane (C2Cl3F3, CFC-113) is a long-lived ozone-depleting substance (ODS) regulated under the Montreal Protocol and a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). Production and consumption of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were phased out after 2007 in China, while unexpected increases in CCl3F (CFC-11) emissions from eastern China after 2012 were inferred from atmospheric observations. However, atmospheric concentrations and emissions of CFC-113 in China over the past few years are unclear. In this study, we conducted hourly observation of atmospheric CFC-113 concentrations in 2021 in eastern China, explored the potential CFC-113 emission sources using a dispersion model, and estimated the CFC-113 emissions using an interspecies correlation method. Results show that pollution events of CFC-113 were observed frequently, and the concentrations were higher than those of global background stations with similar latitudes. The dominant potential emission regions of CFC-113 were located in the eastern-central Yangtze River Delta region and Shandong province. The estimated mean CFC-113 emission from eastern China in 2021 was 0.88 ± 0.19 Gg/yr (5350 ± 1155 CO2-equivalent Gg/yr), which was higher than 0 Gg/yr (0 CO2-equivalent Gg/yr) in 2008−2021, as reported by bottom-up studies that considered CFC-113 to be phased out in China after 2007. Therefore, substantial CFC-113 emissions still existed in eastern China in 2021, which are of importance to protecting the ozone layer and mitigating the effects of climate change.
Feedbacks of CaCO3 dissolution effect on ocean carbon sink and seawater acidification: a model study
Authors: Zhang Han , Wang Kuo , Fan Gaofeng , Li Zhengquan , Yu Zhenyan , Jiang Jiu , Lian Tao , Feng Guolin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The oceanic absorption of atmospheric CO2 acidifies seawater, which accelerates CaCO3 dissolution of calcifying organisms, a process termed dissolution effect. Promoted CaCO3 dissolution increases seawater ALK (alkalinity), enhancing ocean carbon sink and mitigating ocean acidification. We incorporate different parameterizations of the link between CaCO3 dissolution and ocean acidification into an Earth System Model, to quantify the feedback of the dissolution effect on the global carbon cycle. Under SRES A2 CO2 emission scenario and its extension with emissions of 5,000 PgC in ∼400 years, in the absence of the dissolution effect, accumulated ocean CO2 uptake between year 1800 and 3500 is 2,041 PgC. The consideration of the dissolution effect increases ocean carbon sink by 195–858 PgC (10%–42%), and mitigates the decrease in surface pH by 0.04–0.17 (a decrease of 10%–48% in [H+] (hydrogen ion concentration)), depending on the prescribed parameterization scheme. In the epipelagic zone, relative to the Arc-Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific-Indian Ocean experiences greater acidification, leading to greater dissolution effects and the resultant stronger feedbacks on ocean carbon sink and acidification in the Pacific-Indian Ocean. Noteworthy, the feedback of dissolution effect on ocean carbon sink can be comparable with or stronger than the feedback from CO2-induced radiative warming. Our study highlights the potentially critical role played by CaCO3 dissolution effect in the ocean carbon sink, global carbon cycle and climate system.
Computational evaluation of relevant species in inorganic sulfur biochemistry
Authors: Palermo Juan Cruz , Córdova Jonathan A , Semelak Jonathan A , Capece Luciana , Bari Sara E , Estrin Darío A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of inorganic sulfur species in biological systems has gained considerable interest since the recognition of sulfanes, particularly dihydrogen sulfide or sulfane, H2S, disulfane, HSSH, trisulfane, HSSSH, and their conjugate bases, as endogenous species and mediators of signaling functions in different tissues. The one-electron oxidation of H2S/HS− has been assigned as the onset of signaling processes or oxidative detoxification mechanisms. These varied sulfur containing inorganic species are, together with organic counterparts, reunited as reactive sulfur species (RSS). In order to shed light on this rich and still not completely explored chemistry, we have performed electronic structure calculations at different levels of theory, to provide estimations and the molecular basis of the pKa values of the polysulfides HSSH and HSSSH and of the radical HS•. In addition, we also reported the characterization of selected inorganic RSS including both radical and non-radical species with different protonation states with the intention of assisting the interpretation of chemical/biochemical experiments involving these species.
Outlier mining in high-dimensional data using the Jensen–Shannon divergence and graph structure analysis
Authors: Toledo Alex S O , Silini Riccardo , Carpi Laura C , Masoller Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReliable anomaly/outlier detection algorithms have practical applications in many fields. For instance, anomaly detection allows to filter and clean the data used to train machine learning algorithms, improving their performance. However, outlier mining is challenging when the data is high-dimensional, and different approaches have been proposed for different types of data (temporal, spatial, network, etc). Here we propose a methodology to mine outliers in generic datasets in which it is possible to define a meaningful distance between elements of the dataset. The methodology is based on defining a fully connected, undirected graph, where the nodes are the elements of the dataset and the links have weights that are the distances between the nodes. Outlier scores are defined by analyzing the structure of the graph, in particular, by using the Jensen–Shannon (JS) divergence to compare the distributions of weights of different nodes. We demonstrate the method using a publicly available database of credit-card transactions, where some of the transactions are labeled as frauds. We compare with the performance obtained when using Euclidean distances and graph percolation, and show that the JS divergence leads to performance improvement, but increases the computational cost.
Green synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles using calotropis procera leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Kalu A O , Egwim E C , Jigam A A , Muhammad H L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, magnetite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Calotropis procera aqueous leaf extract. The effect of the whole extract and some of its phytochemicals on the particle size distribution was determined using Dynamic light scattering (DLS) while other characterizations such as UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out. The antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms was also studied using the agar well diffusion method. The leaf extract showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins. The magnetite nanoparticle synthesized using the leaf extract (Calotropis procera/Fe3O4) had an average particle size of 11.1 nm with a PDI of 0.142 while the phenolic, flavonoid and saponin extracts of Calotropis procera leafs produced magnetites with average particle sizes of 62.83 nm, 68.02 nm and 134 nm respectively. The UV–vis spectra displayed the characteristic plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm, the FTIR plots highlighted important functional groups including peaks between 600 cm−1 and 400 cm−1 confirming the formation of iron oxide while the SEM micrographs showed the nanoparticles were mainly irregular in shape with areas of agglomeration. Calotropis procera/Fe3O4 displayed significant anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum while no activity was recorded against Escherichia coli. The study indicated that Calotropis procera leaf extract was suitable for the green synthesis of magnetite with properties that suggest that it could be potentially applied as antimicrobial nanofillers.
Simultaneously reassuring and unsettling: a longitudinal qualitative study of community anticipatory medication prescribing for older patients
Authors: Bowers Ben , Pollock Kristian , Barclay Stephen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The prescription of injectable anticipatory medications is widely accepted by clinicians to be key in facilitating effective last-days-of-life symptom control. Community end-of-life care and admission avoidance is particularly strongly advocated for older patients. However, patient and informal caregiver views and experiences of anticipatory medication have been little studied to date.

Objective
To understand older patients’, informal caregivers’ and clinicians’ views and experiences of the prescribing and use of anticipatory medications.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Patients’ homes and residential care homes.

Participants
Purposive sample of six older patients, nine informal caregivers and six clinicians.

Methods
Multi-perspective, longitudinal interview study based on 11 patient cases. Semi-structured interviews (n = 28) were analysed thematically.

Results
Three themes were identified: (i) living in the present whilst making plans: anticipatory medications were used by clinicians as a practical tool in planning for uncertainty, while patients and informal caregivers tried to concentrate on living in the present; (ii) anticipation of dying: it was rare for patients and informal caregivers to discuss explicitly the process and experience of dying with clinicians; and (iii) accessing timely care: the use of anticipatory medications generally helped symptom control. However, informal caregivers reported difficulties in persuading nurses to administer them to patients.

Conclusions
Anticipatory medications are simultaneously reassuring and a source of unease to older patients and their informal caregivers. Prescriptions need careful discussion and tailoring to their preferences and experience. Nurses’ decisions to administer medication should consider informal caregivers’ insights into patient distress, especially when patients can no longer communicate their needs.
Specificity of Embedded Performance Validity Tests in Elderly Veterans with Mild and Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Authors: Kanser Robert J , Logan Patrick M , Steward Kayla A , Vanderbleek Emily N , Kamper Joel E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study explored the specificity of four embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) derived from common neuropsychological tasks in a sample of older veterans with verified cognitive decline and whose performance was deemed valid by licensed psychologists.

Method
Participants were 180 veterans who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, were determined to have valid performance following profile analysis/conceptualization, and were diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder (i.e., MCI; n = 64) or major neurocognitive disorder (i.e., Dementia; n = 116). All participants completed at least one of four embedded PVTs: Reliable Digit Span (RDS), California Verbal Learning Test—2nd ed. Short Form (CVLT-II SF) Forced choice, Trails B:A, and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Letter and Category Fluency.

Results
Adequate specificity (i.e., ≥90%) was achieved at modified cut-scores for all embedded PVTs across MCI and Dementia groups. Trails B:A demonstrated near perfect specificity at its traditional cut-score (Trails B:A &lt; 1.5). RDS ≤ 5 and CVLT-II SF Forced Choice ≤7 led to &lt;10% false positive classification errors across MCI and dementia groups. DKEFS Letter and Category Fluency achieved 90% specificity at extremely low normative cut-scores.

Conclusions
RDS, Trails B:A, and CVLT-II SF Forced Choice reflect promising embedded PVTs in the context of dementia evaluations. DKEFS Letter and Category Fluency appear too sensitive to genuine neurocognitive decline and, therefore, are inappropriate PVTs in adults with MCI or dementia. Additional research into embedded PVT sensitivity (via known-groups or analogue designs) in MCI and dementia is needed.
Study of 400 MHz microwave conduction loss effect for a hydrolysis reaction by thermostable β-Glucosidase HT1
Authors: Nagashima Izuru , Sugiyama Jun-ichi , Shimizu Hiroki 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Microwave irradiation at different frequencies gave molecular selective effects, namely higher frequency microwave effects for waters while lower frequency effects for ions. We already reported that 2.45 GHz and 5.80 GHz microwave irradiation gave different results for a hydrolysis reaction by thermostable β-Glucosidase HT1. Here, we designed and made a reactor, employed 400 MHz microwave irradiation, and studied the effectiveness of 400 MHz microwave for HT1 reaction, then 400 MHz and 2.45 GHz had the ability to accelerate HT1 reaction. In consideration of the general mechanism of enzymatic glycoside hydrolysis, our results would be reasonable if ions are key reaction species because 400 MHz microwave activated ions selectively. In addition, the phenomenon that 400 MHz microwave would not affect water molecules by dielectric heating might contribute the enzyme stability. This report should support that microwave is not only a tool to heat reactions efficiently but also can bring unique effects for reactions.
Maternal probiotic intake attenuates ileal Crh receptor gene expression in maternally separated rat offspring
Authors: Moussavi Mahta , Cuskelly Annalisa , Jung Yoonsung , Hodgson Deborah M , Barouei Javad 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTCorticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) and its receptors (Crhr) mediate stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Neonatal maternal separation (MS) increased ileal Crhr1 transcript quantities in young rat offspring. Exposure to either MS or adulthood restraint stress increased ileal Crhr1 and Crhr2 transcript quantities only in adult female offspring. Maternal probiotic intervention reversed Crhr overexpression, suggesting a potential early prophylaxis against stress-induced gut dysfunctions.