bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nosocomial infections in female compared with male patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis
Authors: Griemsmann Marie , Tergast Tammo L. , Simon Nicolas , Kabbani Abdul-Rahman , Manns Michael P. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Cornberg Markus , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere are considerable differences between males and females regarding the etiology, progression and outcome of liver diseases. Infections are a frequent and severe complication in these patients. This study aimed to examine sex specific differences in the incidence and clinical course of nosocomial infections in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. A number of 556 consecutive hospitalized patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and ascites were analyzed. The patients were followed up for the incidence of nosocomial infections, acute kidney injury (AKI), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) as well as liver transplantation and death (LTx-free survival). A number of 285 patients (111 women and 174 men) developed a nosocomial infection. Incidence was numerically lower in men (P = 0.076). While the frequency of a nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was similar between males and females, the incidence of a nosocomial urinary tract infection was significantly higher in women (P < 0.001). No sex specific differences were documented regarding the outcome of an infection as indicated by a similar incidence of, AKI, ACLF as well as LTx-free survival. There seem to be no major differences in the incidence and outcome of nosocomial infections between male and female patients.
Early preterm infant microbiome impacts adult learning
Authors: Lu Jing , Lu Lei , Yu Yueyue , Oliphant Kaitlyn , Drobyshevsky Alexander , Claud Erika C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterventions to mitigate long-term neurodevelopmental deficits such as memory and learning impairment in preterm infants are warranted. Manipulation of the gut microbiome affects host behaviors. In this study we determined whether early maturation of the infant microbiome is associated with neurodevelopment outcomes. Germ free mice colonized at birth with human preterm infant microbiomes from infants of advancing post menstrual age (PMA) demonstrated an increase in bacterial diversity and a shift in dominance of taxa mimicking the human preterm microbiome development pattern. These characteristics along with changes in a number of metabolites as the microbiome matured influenced associative learning and memory but not locomotor ability, anxiety-like behaviors, or social interaction in adult mice. As a regulator of learning and memory, brain glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor increased with advancing PMA and was also associated with better performance in associative learning and memory in adult mice. We conclude that maturation of the microbiome in early life of preterm infants primes adult associative memory and learning ability. Our findings suggest a critical window of early intervention to affect maturation of the preterm infant microbiome and ultimately improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Surgical treatment of diffuse and multi-lobes involved glioma with the assistance of a multimodal technique
Authors: Liu Jiayu , Chen Hewen , Gao Xin , Cui Meng , Ma Lin , Zheng Xiaoque , Guan Bing , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiffuse and multi-lobes involved glioma (DMG) is a rare disease, and the aim of this study was to assess the role of multimodal-assisted surgical resection of tumours combined with chemoradiotherapy and identify prognosis. Clinical data were collected from 38 patients with a diagnosis of DMG. Nineteen patients received multimodal-assisted surgical resection of tumours combined with chemoradiotherapy, and another 19 patients underwent chemoradiotherapy alone after stereotactic puncture biopsy. The clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, histopathological diagnosis, progression-free survival, and overall survival of DMG patients were retrospectively analysed. Twenty-six males and 12 females were included, and the age of the participants ranged from 10 to 80 years (46.34 ± 15.61). The median overall survival in our study was 25 months, and the progression-free survival was 17 months. The extent of resection was 50.10–73.60% (62.54% ± 7.92%). The preoperative and the postoperative KPS score of the patients in the operation group showed no statistically significant difference. The results of logistic regression demonstrated that overall survival was positively associated with operative treatment + chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.003) but negatively associated with age and corpus callosal involvement (p = 0.028 and 0.022, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that those who underwent surgical treatment had a significant progression-free and overall survival benefit compared to those who did not undergo surgical treatment (log-rank test; p = 0.011 and 0.008, respectively). Older age and involvement of the corpus callosum represent a poor prognosis in DMG patients. Multimodal-assisted surgical resection of tumours combined with chemoradiotherapy might be a treatment option for DMG. Further research is needed to obtain the clear evidence of the effect of surgical treatment.
Estimation of dental age based on the developmental stages of permanent teeth in Japanese children and adolescents
Authors: Kuremoto Katsuaki , Okawa Rena , Matayoshi Saaya , Kokomoto Kazuma , Nakano Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAssessment of children’s growth and development based on general and oral developmental status and dental age is important in pediatric dentistry for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Teeth are a useful maturation index because they are unlikely to be affected by exogenous factors such as disease. We examined the correlation between chronological and dental age of permanent teeth in Japanese children and adolescents using orthopantomography. The sample comprised 1024 orthopantomographs from individuals aged 3–18 years, which were stored in an electronic media database for 10 years (2009–2019). We classified the developmental stages of each permanent tooth were classified into 11 stages, clarified the dental age for each developmental stage, and prepared a conversion table. Using the results, we compared the sequence and rate of development of each permanent tooth. We clarified the dental age of each permanent tooth from childhood to mid-adolescence and established a method for calculating the dental age of the whole jaw that is appropriate for modern Japanese individuals. We found that girls tended to form teeth at a faster rate than boys until puberty, but boys caught up with girls after puberty, suggesting that secondary sexual characteristics are involved in the rate of tooth formation.
Magnetic metasurfaces properties in the near field regions
Authors: Brizi Danilo , Monorchio Agostino 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a general equivalent-circuit interpretation of finite magnetic metasurfaces interacting with an arbitrary arrangement of RF coils operating in near-field regime. The developed model allows to derive a physical interpretation of the interactions between the metasurface and the surrounding RF coils, both transmitting and receiving. Indeed, especially for near-field applications, the metasurface presence modifies the behavior of each RF coil differently, due to the specific reciprocal interactions. Hence, the proposed approach introduces a source-related complex magnetic permeability matrix, overcoming the traditional bulk definition. To prove the model validity against full-wave simulations, we present two significant test cases, commonly used in practical applications. The former is represented by the simple metasurface-coil arrangement from which important and fundamental considerations can be drawn. The latter system is composed by a transmitting and a receiving coil with a metasurface in between; detailed explanations on the metasurface interactions with both the RF coils are developed. Finally, we also achieved an excellent agreement between the numerical results and the measurements obtained through fabricated prototypes. In summary, the circuit interpretation herein presented, in addition to the rigorous electromagnetic theoretical approaches already appeared in the open literature, reveals useful in providing quantitative, practical, and easy-to-handle guidelines for the design and physical understanding of finite magnetic metasurfaces interacting with arbitrary RF coils arrangements in the near-field regime.
Interactions of Co, Cu, and non-metal phthalocyanines with external structures of SARS-CoV-2 using docking and molecular dynamics
Authors: Alencar Wilson Luna Machado , da Silva Arouche Tiago , Neto Abel Ferreira Gomes , de Castro Ramalho Teodorico , de Carvalho Júnior Raul Nunes , de Jesus Chaves Neto Antonio Maia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused the COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by its high rate of contamination, propagation capacity, and lethality rate. In this work, we approach the use of phthalocyanines as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, as they present several interactive properties of the phthalocyanines (Pc) of Cobalt (CoPc), Copper (CuPc) and without a metal group (NoPc) can interact with SARS-CoV-2, showing potential be used as filtering by adsorption on paints on walls, masks, clothes, and air conditioning filters. Molecular modeling techniques through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics were used, where the target was the external structures of the virus, but specifically the envelope protein, main protease, and Spike glycoprotein proteases. Using the g_MM-GBSA module and with it, the molecular docking studies show that the ligands have interaction characteristics capable of adsorbing the structures. Molecular dynamics provided information on the root-mean-square deviation of the atomic positions provided values between 1 and 2.5. The generalized Born implicit solvation model, Gibbs free energy, and solvent accessible surface area approach were used. Among the results obtained through molecular dynamics, it was noticed that interactions occur since Pc could bind to residues of the active site of macromolecules, demonstrating good interactions; in particular with CoPc. Molecular couplings and free energy showed that S-gly active site residues interacted strongly with phthalocyanines with values ​​of − 182.443 kJ/mol (CoPc), 158.954 kJ/mol (CuPc), and − 129.963 kJ/mol (NoPc). The interactions of Pc's with SARS-CoV-2 may predict some promising candidates for antagonists to the virus, which if confirmed through experimental approaches, may contribute to resolving the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The impact of driver mutation on the treatment outcome of early-stage lung cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Su Po-Lan , Chen Jung-Yueh , Chu Chang-Yao , Chen Yi-Lin , Chen Wan-Li , Lin Kuan-Yu , Ho Chung-Liang , Tsai Jeng-Shiuan , Yang Szu-Chun , Chen Chian-Wei , Wu Yi-Lin , Tseng Yau-Lin , Chang Chao-Chun , Yen Yi-Ting , Lin Chia-Ying , Lin Chien-Chung , Su Wu-Chou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy have improved the major pathological response (MPR) in patients with early-stage operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to assess whether the presence of targetable driver mutations affects the efficacy of the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. We enrolled patients with early-stage operable NSCLC who received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy between January 1, 2017, and December 30, 2020. Neoadjuvant therapy was delivered with platinum-doublet chemotherapy; moreover, pembrolizumab was added at the attending physician’s discretion based on patient’s request. Pathological responses were assessed; moreover, disease-free survival was estimated. Next-generation sequencing was performed in case sufficient preoperative biopsy specimens were obtained. We included 23 patients; among them, 11 received a combination of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy while 12 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. The MPR and pathological complete response rates were 54.5% and 27.3%, respectively, in patients who received a combination of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy. These rates were significantly higher than those in patients who only received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Three patients in the combination group experienced disease recurrence during the follow-up period even though two of them showed an MPR. These three patients had targetable driver mutations, including an EGFR exon 20 insertion, EGFR exon 21 L858R substitution, and MET exon 14 skipping. Only one patient who remained disease-free had a targetable driver mutation. Among patients with early-stage operable NSCLC requiring neoadjuvant therapy, comprehensive genomic profiling is crucial before the administration of the combination of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Spectroscopic signatures of time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductivity
Authors: Poniatowski Nicholas R. , Curtis Jonathan B. , Yacoby Amir , Narang Prineha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe collective mode spectrum of a symmetry-breaking state, such as a superconductor, provides crucial insight into the nature of the order parameter. In this work, we study two collective modes which are unique to unconventional superconductors that spontaneously break time reversal symmetry. We show that these modes are coherent and underdamped for a wide variety of time-reversal symmetry breaking superconducting states. By further demonstrating that these modes can be detected using a number of existing experimental techniques, we propose that our work can be leveraged as a form of “collective mode spectroscopy” that drastically expands the number of experimental probes capable of detecting time-reversal symmetry breaking in unconventional superconductors.
Social axiom and group identity explain participation in a societal event in Hong Kong
Authors: Chen Sylvia Xiaohua , Ng Jacky C. K. , Wu Wesley C. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present research aims to identify cognitive and affective factors that explain participation in societal events from a social psychological perspective. This study examined the role of generalized beliefs about the world in the prediction of collective action, and adopted a diary method by collecting daily measures for two consecutive weeks during the 2014 Hong Kong protests. Social identity was significantly associated with group-related emotions and social axiom was significantly associated with group efficacy, in turn affecting social movement participation. Multilevel analyses showed that group-related emotions and group efficacy explained the effect of time on participation in the movement. Students exhibited variability in the extent of their participation: protesters who “went out to the streets” were more driven by group-related emotions than were the non-protesters who “stayed in.” The findings attested to the added value of worldviews in explaining the psychological mechanisms of collective action.
Optical and generation characteristics of new nonlinear Ba2Ga8GeS16 and Ba2Ga8(GeSe2)S14 crystals for the mid-IR range
Authors: Badikov V.V. , Badikov D.V. , Shevyrdyaeva G.S. , Laptev V.B. , Melnikov A.A. , Chekalin S.V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ba2Ga8GeS16 and Ba2Ga8(GeSe2)S14 single crystals of large size and good optical quality have been grown for the first time. Their linear optical characteristics – transmission spectra in the range of 0.3 – 25 μm, dispersion of principal refractive indices, and birefringence – have been measured. Irradiation of the crystals by 100-fs laser pulses with a wavelength of 8.3 μm initiated second-harmonic generation with an efficiency comparable with that obtained for the AgGaS2 crystal.
Backward SRS suppression of picosecond pulses in water upon moving the pump beam waist from the water volume through the surface
Authors: Pershin S.M. , Vodchits A.I. , Khodasevich I.A. , Orlovich V.A. , Kudryavtseva A.D. , Tcherniega N.V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report, for the first time to our knowledge, suppression of backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS) of picosecond pulses (57 ps, 532 nm) due to the development of optical breakdown in the surface (0 – 3 mm) water layer with a shift of the beam waist (lens focal length of 83 mm) to the water – air interface without changing the pump pulse energy (∼1.3 – 1.5 mJ). In this case, SRS generation in forward direction is observed even in the presence of breakdown. When the focal plane coincides with the surface, the BSRS generation is restored without optical breakdown, despite an increase in the pump radiation intensity due to a decrease in the beam diameter. It is significant that the optical breakdown threshold in the water volume was unattainable even with an increase in the pump pulse energy by more than an order of magnitude – up to 16 mJ. The mechanism of self-consistent summation of nonlinear optical processes, such as electrostriction, beam self-focusing, beam phase conjugation, and BSRS pulse compression is discussed.
Mid-IR optical parametric oscillation and second harmonic generation of repetitively pulsed output of a fibre-laser pumped Tm3+ :YAP laser in a fan-out periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 crystal
Authors: Antipov O.L. , Kolker D.B. , Dobrynin A.A. , Getmanovskii Yu.A. , Sharkov V.V. , Chuvakova M.A. , Akhmatkhanov A.R. , Shur V.Ya. , Shestakova I.A. , Larin S.V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The nonlinear optical frequency conversions of repetitively pulsed output of a 1941-nm Tm3+ : YAP laser pumped by a cw 1670-nm fibre laser are studied experimentally. Both mid-IR optical parametric oscillation (OPO) and second harmonic generation (SHG) are obtained in the same periodically poled MgO : LiNbO3 crystal with a fan-out domain design by tuning the grating period and temperature. The energy conversion efficiency of the degenerate OPO at 3820 – 3970 nm exceeds 43 % at a 0.5 kHz repetition rate, while the energy conversion efficiency of SHG at 970.5 nm reaches 34 %.
Nonlinear frequency conversion of a Ho :YAG laser beam
Authors: Vorontsov K.V. , Garanin S.G. , Egorov N.A. , Zakharov N.G. , Zorin R.A. , Kolomeets V.B. , Lazarenko V.I. , Nadezhin A.S. , Nomakonov G.N. , Tulyakov K.A. , Frolov Yu.N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report the results of experiments on frequency conversion of a Ho : YAG laser beam (wavelength λ ∼ 2.1 μm) into the near-, mid-, and far-IR regions, aimed at expanding the spectral composition of compact multispectral sources of coherent radiation. The experimentally found laser conversion efficiency into the second harmonic reaches 32 % and 54 % in the cw and repetitively pulsed regimes, respectively. The parametric conversion efficiency into the mid-IR range (λ = 3.5 – 5.0 μm) reaches 55 %, while for the far-IR range (λ = 8 – 8.2 μm) it turns out to be 10.5 %.
Comparison of virtually fencing and electrically fencing sheep for pasture management
Authors: Marini Danila , Cowley Fran , Belson Sue , Lee Caroline 
Published: February 2022

Context Virtual fencing technology has potential for application in intensive grazing management. However, it is unknown whether the presence of the virtual fence will affect the grazing behaviour of sheep under intensive grazing situations. Aims This study compared pasture consumption by sheep when pasture access is restricted using either a virtual fence (n = 12) or a conventional electric fence (n = 12), tested over three cohorts. Methods The sheep were given access to a small section of pasture (8 × 8 m) for approximately 4 h, over a total of 4 days of grazing, being moved onto a fresh plot each day. Within the grazing plot, average pasture dry matter, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and rising plate meter (RPM) height, were measured before and after grazing. NDVI and RPM height were also measured along the fence line before and after grazing. Key results For within plot measures, there was no effect of treatment on biomass (P = 0.42), pasture height (P = 0.69) or NDVI (P = 0.72). The same was observed for measures taken at the fence line. The results of this study indicated that using a virtual fence to restrict access to pasture to create targeted grazing is as effective as using an electric fence. Conclusions The similarity in pasture consumption between the groups indicated that the virtual fence does not affect normal grazing behaviour of sheep, nor discourage them from grazing up to the fence line. Further work should be conducted in larger flocks and using automated systems. Implications Virtual fencing has the potential to be used to restrict sheep access to pasture to create targeted grazing that is as effective as is using an electric fence.
Detection of heat-shock protein 70 in cow’s milk using ELISA
Authors: Pathirana Indunil N. , Garcia Sergio C. 
Published: February 2022

Context Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been suggested as an effective biomarker to assess heat stress in livestock. Milk sampling being a non-invasive procedure in cows, the detection of HSP70 in milk would be beneficial for heat-stress studies in cows. Aims The objective of the present study was to optimise an ELISA system to detect HSP70 in cow’s milk and to assess its application in quantifying HSP70 in milk collected during two different weather conditions (hot and mild) and from two production groups (low and high yielding). Methods Foremilk samples were collected from 48 Holstein-Friesian cows under two different weather conditions (hot, n = 25 and mild, n = 23) and from two production groups (low yielding, n = 15 and high yielding, n = 33). Milk HSP70 was measured using a newly optimised, competitive in-house ELISA. The assay validation parameters (i.e. dilutional linearity, parallelism, recovery rate, intra-assay and inter-assay precision) were computed. Key results The minimum detection limit and the sensitivity range of the ELISA were 125 ng/mL and 125–4000 ng/mL respectively. The HSP70 concentrations in cow’s milk ranged from 536.88 to 1532.04 ng/mL. There were weak negative correlations (P < 0.05; n = 48) between HSP70 concentration and milk yield, calculated on either a per cow per day (r = −0.39), per cow per am or pm milking (r = −0.29), or per cow per quarter (r = −0.35) basis. Estimated marginal mean (EMM) HSP70 mass (HSP concentration × milk yield) in milk was higher during hot weather than during mild weather in all three of the above yield calculations (P < 0.0001). An increased (P < 0.05) EMM HSP70 mass was found in high-yielding group compared with low-yielding group when yield calculation was based on per cow per quarter. Conclusions A sensitive ELISA system was optimised to quantify HSP70 in cow’s milk. Higher milk HSP70 masses were found in milk samples collected during hot weather and from high-yielding cows. Implications The assay of HSP70 in milk is a useful tool for non-invasive detection of heat stress in cows. Further studies to measure HSP70 in milk samples collected from the same individual cows during different seasons would be needed to better explain and to confirm these findings.