bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Heat Transport from a Reservoir to the Adjoining Formation in a Thermal Flood
Authors: Lawal Kazeem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Heat transfer from a petroleum reservoir to adjoining rocks is detrimental to thermal floods. While such thermal losses are inevitable, understanding the timescales of these heat exchanges would improve the design and management of thermal floods. Employing lumped-parameter system analysis and assuming series flow, this paper presents transfer functions that characterize response times of a reservoir and its surroundings to changes in temperature of the heat source. The reservoir-surrounding system is modelled as individual thermal capacitors and resistors. The transfer functions, solved for a step disturbance, describe the limiting case of negligible interaction between these subsystems. For a step-change in temperature of the heat source, responses of the reservoir and surroundings are simulated for some combinations of their properties. Simulation results explain time-delay between reservoir and surrounding temperatures. The time-delay is controlled by four distinct parameters vis-à-vis surroundings time constant (τr), reservoir time constant (τa), ratio of thermal resistances (R) as well as the ratio of conductive to convective heat flow (βr). These parameters are governed by petrophysical, transport and thermophysical properties of the heating medium, reservoir, and surrounding formation. It is shown that lag-time in thermal responses of reservoir and surroundings can range from few weeks to several years. For practical applications and analyses, these results provide insights into conditions under which a thermal flood may be approximated as adiabatic vs. non-adiabatic.
The Performance of Gum Arabic on Water-Based Drilling Mud at High Temperatures
Authors: Ajayi Florence , Adewole Steve 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To drill deeper and consequently more hazardous wells and to exploit productive formation more fully, the drilling mud must have physical and chemical properties that will enable it to contend with greater variety of well conditions. The mud used in rotary drilling is one of the major factors in the success or failure of the drilling operation.
One of the challenges in drilling deep and ultra–deep wells is the negative impact on the rheological and thixotropic properties of the drilling mud when exposed to high temperature conditions. For a successful drilling operation, the drilling Engineer must have a good estimate for the values of rheological properties of drilling fluid, such as viscosity, density, yield point, gel strength and fluid loss.
In this work, laboratory experiment was conducted on water-based drilling fluid from ambient condition to very high temperature. Effects of elevated temperature up to 180°c on the rheological and thixotropic properties of the drilling fluid with Gum Arabic as a major additive.
Results show that mud density, viscosity and yield point are largely affected at Elevated temperatures for lower concentration of gum Arabic at Elevated temperature and pressures considered. However, with higher concentration of the Gum Arabic, carrying capacity is boosted, cation exchange is reduced, and total mud density is only slightly reduced at elevated temperature considered.
With this result, important information that can guide drillers of high pressure and temperature wells, to achieve safety and drilling efficiency with Gum Arabic as additive, is now available.
The Effect of Nano-Silica on the Properties of Water Based Mud Used in Drilling High Pressure High Temperature Wells
Authors: Jimmy Dorcas , Ogba Michael Ifeanyi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of nano-particles, mainly silica, as an additive to water based muds to the extent of High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) conditions. Specifically, the study ascertained the impact of silica nano-particles in improving performance of water based mud, the study also investigated the effect of nano-silica on mud density and also investigated the quality of silica nano-particles as a fluid loss agent and rheology modifier. The laboratory study was divided into four parts: viscosity determination, fluid loss test, sand content determination, and density determination. All these studies were conducted using water-based mud with and without silica nanoparticles. In the course of the study, the rheological, fluid loss properties, the rheological behaviour of the mud, and the cuttings transportation efficiency were directly and indirectly ascertained. From the findings, it was ascertained that nano silica improves mud viscosity for plastic viscosity by 87.5%, the apparent viscosity of the mud by 6.8%, and mud density by 1.92%, and also reduces yield point by 2.9%, and fluid loss between 17.5% and 42.9% for time intervals of between 5 – 50 minutes in which the experiment was conducted for which harmonises and complements previous standardized researches done. With nano silica, the sand content of the drilling mud reduces. The presence of nano silica in drilling fluids decreases shear stress vs. shear rate readings which could reduce the pump pressure required for mud circulation in drilling operations. Based on these findings, it is recommended that future laboratory studies be done in dynamic conditions in order to investigate the effect of drill pipe rotation on cuttings transportation improvement for water-based mud without and with nano silica.
A Comparison of Tidal Signal Extraction and Bourdet Smoothening for Removal of Tidal Effect Induced Artifacts in Pressure Transient Analysis
Authors: Nnamdi David , Ochie Karen , Moghanloo Rouzbeh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The results of pressure transient analysis (PTA) are very important in reservoir characterization; however, this analysis can be affected by some non-reservoir behavior such as gas breakthrough, phase segregation in the wellbore, tidal effects, all of which can perturb the result accuracy. When data is acquired for PTA offshore, it can contain tidal effect, causing noise which can lead to misinterpretation when the test is analyzed, hence its impact should be accounted for in the analysis. Tides are experienced as the rise and fall of sea levels due to the variation in the earth's gravitational potential exerted by the moon and the sun, and the rotation of the Earth. Tidal signals have been observed to mask late time response for pressure build up tests and will significantly hinder correct interpretation of reservoir boundaries if left unaddressed. The effects of tidal pressure signals on the pressure derivative of pressure build-up tests are studied with the aim of comprehensively exploring the deviation from expected responses given known reservoir boundary conditions. Subsequently a refined method for pure tidal component removal from pressure derivative data is presented and compared to simpler Bourdet smoothening (L) and filtration of data points used in evaluation.
This work focused on an efficient method to analyze data containing tidal effects. The Bourdet derivative and log cycle filtration was effective in removing tidal signal effects on late time boundary identification with the drawback being having multiple possible interpretations of the IARF. Extracting the tidal signal gave a more defined IARF period and late time boundary effect period with only minor oscillations in the late time but the rigor of extracting the tidal signal without sufficient regional tidal information may prove to major hindrance to this process.
Unconventional Leadership: Development Opportunities for Young Professionals
Authors: Ukpohor Excel Theophilus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With increasing demand on human resource professionals to develop and groom young professionals under tight learning and development budget, unconventional leadership opportunities have to be explored as an option for leadership development. These are leadership opportunities that are not defined within the conventional organizational structures but are indirectly connected to organizational performance and deliveries. Exploring these opportunities provides the human resources practitioners a funnel through which they can deliberately develop young professionals within their organizations. They also provide a lens of leadership quality validation for these young professionals within the organization, thus reinforcing management investment in their leadership programs.
These paper examines the various unconventional leadership opportunities available to most oil and gas organizations in Nigeria. The paper also highlights how HR can effectively utilize these opportunities in the leadership development programs for young professionals and also highlights some of the risk associated with this methodology and potential mitigations.
Modification of Gas Lift Design in Dual String Producers Using Single Point Orifices in the Niger Delta
Authors: Adepitan Adekunle , Odedeyi Olalekan , Osifo Fred , Idehen Festus , Oluwafemi Olominu , Aminat Ayuba , Olanike Adeoye , Francis Oko , Bola Adelanke , Iginowari Green , Mojisola Aroyehun , Philip Ekpe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper outlines the systematic approach used to simplify and optimize gas lift operations in a dual string completion with a common annulus. Omicron 26 was initially completed as a dual string natural producer. The well was worked over in 2006 to abandon existing sands and recompleted on new reservoirs and at this point, dummy valves were installed in the tubing. The well had been flowing sporadically and naturally until the need to unload the annulus by carrying out a Gas Lift Valve Change Out (GLVCO) operation arose to maximize production from the well.
Numerical Simulation of Gas Injection for Condensate Revaporization in Gas Condensate Reservoirs. A Field Case Study
Authors: Ibe Alonge , Olafuyi Olalekan , Anim John , Etim Christopher , Ameachi Ntietemi , Olusola Bukola , Kpone-Tonwe Hannah , Obah Patrick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gas productivity in a gas condensate reservoir declines due to the presence of two-phase fluid present near well bore due to bottomhole pressure lower than dew point pressure. This accumulated condensate reduces relative permeability to gas impairing flow rate and causing a reduction in productivity. This paper introduces a method of injecting gas into near wellbore region to re-vaporize the condensates and improve the permeability of gas and increase productivity.
This is achieved by conducting numerical simulations of gas injection techniques by comparing a no-injection case scenario and an injection case scenario. The effect of temperature and compositional effect of injected gas into the reservoir is analyzed, and its impact on increased productivity from the reservoir is recorded. The reservoir is modeled with an in-depth analysis of fluid phase behavior and composition and simulated using Compositional simulation tools from CMG.
Results from simulation shows an increment of about 7.5% increase in gas production and about 8% increase in oil produced at a temperature of about 200 deg F considerably higher than 2.4% and 4% gas and oil produced at lower injected temperature of 120 deg F. The above results are also dependent on composition of injected fluids.
Responses of physiological photosynthetic characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to nitrogen application levels
Authors: NOOR HAFEEZ , Sun Min , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to understand the responses of the activities of nitrogen consumption is one of the important tools to regulate crop growth and development, and its effect on wheat nitrogen yield is also a hot topic. This study means effects of nitrogen on photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency, and photosynthetic performance of winter wheat. The average Ci, PN, gs and E of hole nitrogen rate were the highest, reaching 4.71 µmol (CO2) mol–1, 20.69 µ mol m–1 s–1 respectively. Thus promoting the synthesis of chlorophyll and improving the SPAD value of flag leaves of winter wheat. The response mechanism of physiological characteristics of high yield capacity provided theoretical basis for further study on the mechanism of high yield of winter wheat. organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer increased post-anthesis N uptake by 81.4 and 16.4% under WS and WW, thus increasing post-anthesis photosynthetic capacity and delaying leaf senescence. Consequently, organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer increased post-anthesis DM accumulation under WS and WW by 51.5 and 29.6%, WUEB by 44.5 and 50.9%, grain number per plant by 11.5 and 12.2% and 1000-grain weight by 7.3 and 3.6%, respectively. The grain yield under organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer treatment increased by 23 and 15%, and water use efficiency (WUEg) by 25 and 23%, respectively. The increased WUE under organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer treatment was due to elevated photosynthesis, decreased Tr and gs and improved transpiration efficiency. Our results suggest that the organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer enabled plants to use water more efficiently under drought stress.
Study on the role and mechanism of HDAC6 in Cd-induced inflammation and fibrosis in mice liver
Authors: Guo Fan , Huang Rongshuang , Huang Zhuo , Zhao Ping , Xu Xiangning , Zhang Weizhen , Lei Ningfei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is one of the major environmental pollution toxicants, which is highly toxic to the environment and can cause damages to many organs after entering human body. Studies have shown that Cd pollution is characterized by long-cycle and insidiousness, and long-term Cd exposure can lead to liver fibrosis, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study employed a Cd-induced liver fibrosis mouse model to investigate the health effects for toxic of Cd exposure by oral administration on inflammation and fibrosis of liver, and to further explore the role and mechanism of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in this model. Results showed that the Cd exposure induced inflammation and fibrosis of mice liver in a dose-dependent manner. Based on Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis, we found that HDAC6 was involved in Cd-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis. Inhibition of HDAC6 attenuated Cd-induced inflammation and fibrosis probably by regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our findings provide new insights into the health effects for the liver damage induced by Cd exposure, highlighting that HDAC6 may be a potential target for therapy against Cd-induced inflammation and fibrosis in liver.
Investigation on the use of Ensemble Learning and Big Data in Crop Identification
Authors: Ahmed Sayed , Mahmoud Amira S. , Farg Eslam , Mohamed Amany M. , Moustafa Marwa S. , AbdelRahman Mohamed A.E. , AbdelSalam Hisham M. , Arafat Sayed M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The agriculture sector in Egypt faces several problems, such as climate change, water storage, and yield variability. The comprehensive capabilities of Big Data (BD) can help in tackling the uncertainty of food supply occurs due to several factors such as soil erosion, water pollution, climate change, socio-cultural growth, governmental regulations, and market fluctuations. Crop identification and monitoring plays a vital role in precision agriculture. Although several machine learning models have been utilized in identifying crops, the performance of ensemble learning has not been investigated extensively. The massive volume of satellite imageries has been established as a big data problem forcing to deploy the proposed solution using big data technologies to manage, store, analyze, and visualize satellite data. In this paper, we have developed weighted voting mechanism for improving crop classification performance in a large scale, based on ensemble learning and big data schema. Based on Apache Spark, the popular DB Framework, the proposed approach was tested on El Salheya, Ismaili governate. Our findings confirm the generalization of the proposed crop identification approach at a large-scale setting.
Transnasal endoscopic surgery with the common choanal approach for acquired choanal stenosis and atresia after radiotherapy
Authors: zheng chaopan , Han Ling , Mai Jiahao , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To assess retrospectively the effectiveness and safety of transnasal endoscopic surgery (TES) with the common choanal approach for treatment of iatrogenic choanal stenosis and atresia (CSA) acquired after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Methods
32 patients with unilateral or bilateral post-radio therapy CSA were consecutively hospitalized for elective TES with the common choanal approach. For further enlargement of the neochoana, the accurately dissecting approach including the resection of the posterior septum 1cm or more anterior to the stenosis and reconstruction of the posterior part of the inferior turbinate at least 0.5 cm distant from the septum. All procedures provide the neochoana with enough adequate size and preservation of mucosa. Nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea were evaluated using a visual analog scale before and at least 3 months after surgery.
Results
TES with the common choanal approach was successfully and uneventfully completed in all patients. Nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea significantly were alleviated after surgery, from the baseline. Follow-up transnasal endoscopy revealed a patent nasal airway aperture in all patients.
Conclusions
TES with the common choanal approach was effective and safe for treatment of post-radiotherapy CSA.
The Sensitivity and Specificity Comparison Between Stool Wet Mount and Kato-katz Techniques for the Detection of Intestinal Helminthes
Authors: Wolde Amsalu Mekonnen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIn this prevalence study, the efficiency and sensitivity of stool wet mount and Kato-Katz smear techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal helminthes were compared to detect human intestinal helminths.ObjectiveTo assess the sensitivity and specificity between stool wet mount and Kato-Katz TechniquesMethodologyA total of 200 stool specimens were collected from school children aged 6 to 16 from four primary schools randomly selected in Badessa woreda, west Hararghe zone, eastern Ethiopia. Each specimen was smeared on one slide for every technique with normal saline for wet mount and a cellophane cover for Kato-Katz technique. The overall prevalence of the parasites in each school of the woreda was determined.ResultThe overall sensitivity of both techniques was calculated. Finally, the evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of both techniques was interpreted as Kato-Katz technique is more effective and sensitive than the stool wet mount technique.ConclusionTo detect intestinal helminths especially from carriers and non-symptomatic patients Kato-Katz technique is a selective and sensitive method.
Paradoxes of breast cancer incidence and mortality in two corners of Europe
Authors: Roginski Mikaela , Sifaki-Pistolla Dimitra , Stomby Andreas , Velivasaki Georgia , Faresjö Tomas , Lionis Christos , Faresjö Åshild 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer incidence is rising globally. Mortality rates show a heterogenous pattern, where geographical disparities might indicate influence of health policy, behavior and care provision. Early detection and treatment have been proven to have a profound impact on prognosis.
Methods
Breast cancer data from Sweden and Crete was derived from registries. Incidence and mortality were expressed as Age-Standardized Incidence Rates (ASIR), Age-Standardized Mortality Rates (ASMR) and survival as intervals of three consecutive enrolling years.
Findings
Incidence of breast cancer has for decades risen in Sweden and also on Crete. In 2019, ASIR was 217.5 in Sweden and 58.9 on Crete, (p < 0.001). Mortality rates, however, showed opposite trends. ASMR was higher on Crete (25/100.000 person years) than in Sweden (17/100.000 person years) (p = 0.04). ASMR has fallen in Sweden from 25.5 to 16.8 in the period 2005–2019, while on Crete, ASMR continued to rise from 22.1 to 25.3. Since the early 1980’s, a successive rise in survival rate in Sweden was seen with a 5-year survival rate of 92% since 2015, but a converse development on Crete with 85% 5-year survival rate during the same period.
Interpretation
Breast cancer incidence is slowly rising in both studied regions, but the mortality increase on Crete in contrast to Sweden where mortality decrease. The findings reveal an improvement of the survival rate for Swedish breast cancer patients, while survival trends on Crete is falling. This may be related to the national breast screening program established in Sweden, but not in Greece.
Integrated immune-related gene signature predicts clinical outcome for patients with Luminal B breast cancer
Authors: Xie Zhen , Cai Du , Ye Runyi , Shan Zhen , Lin Ying , Gao Feng , Shao Nan , Kuang Xiaying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Luminal B breast cancer is routinely treated with chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. However, its sensitivity to treatment remains heterogeneous; therefore, identifying patients who may most benefit, remains crucial. Immune-related genes are reportedly related to the prognosis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an immune-related gene signature (IRGS) in predicting the prognosis of patients with Luminal B breast cancer.
Methods
We selected patients with Luminal B breast cancer from two large datasets: 488 from the Metabric dataset (training cohort) and 250 patients from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) dataset (validation cohort). Prognostic analysis was performed to test the predictive value of IRGS, and enrichment analysis and ESTIMATE (Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) were used for deeper function analysis.
Results
A prognostic IRGS model containing 12 immune-related genes was developed. After which, we separated patients with Luminal B breast cancer into low-risk and high-risk groups in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified IRGS as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, functional analysis showed that the 12 genes were mainly enriched in pathways related to chemotherapy response, whose expression levels showed completely opposing trends in low-risk and high-risk groups.
Conclusions
The novel IRGS is a satisfactory and reliable biomarker to predict the clinical outcome of patients with Luminal B breast cancer which potentially facilitating individualised management. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical potential in predicting prognosis and the treatment options for Luminal B breast cancer patients.