bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning algorithms for magnetic resonance imaging of inflammatory sacroiliitis in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Lin Karina Ying Ying , Peng Cao , Lee Kam Ho , Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Chung Ho Yin  
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning algorithm for detection of active inflammatory sacroiliitis in short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence MRI.

Methods
A total of 326 participants with axial SpA, and 63 participants with non-specific back pain (NSBP) were recruited. STIR MRI of the SI joints was performed and clinical data were collected. Region of interests (ROIs) were drawn outlining bone marrow oedema, a reliable marker of active inflammation, which formed the ground truth masks from which ‘fake-colour’ images were derived. Both the original and fake-colour images were randomly allocated into either the training and validation dataset or the testing dataset. Attention U-net was used for the development of deep learning algorithms. As a comparison, an independent radiologist and rheumatologist, blinded to the ground truth masks, were tasked with identifying bone marrow oedema in the MRI scans.

Results
Inflammatory sacroiliitis was identified in 1398 MR images from 228 participants. No inflammation was found in 3944 MRI scans from 161 participants. The mean sensitivity of the algorithms derived from the original dataset and fake-colour image dataset were 0.86 (0.02) and 0.90 (0.01), respectively. The mean specificity of the algorithms derived from the original and the fake-colour image datasets were 0.92 (0.02) and 0.93 (0.01), respectively. The mean testing dice coefficients were 0.48 (0.27) for the original dataset and 0.51 (0.25) for the fake-colour image dataset. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curve of the algorithms using the original dataset and the fake-colour image dataset were 0.92 and 0.96, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the algorithms were comparable with the interpretation by a radiologist, but outperformed that of the rheumatologist.

Conclusion
An MRI deep learning algorithm was developed for detection of inflammatory sacroiliitis in axial SpA.
Integration patterns of cheek teeth and ecomorphological evolution in grinding herbivores: the case of caviine rodents (Caviomorpha: Caviidae)
Authors: Boivin Myriam , Álvarez Alicia , Ercoli Marcos D 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCaviid rodents have peculiar craniomandibular specializations toward masticatory propalinal movements and grinding, in relation to a grass-rich diet. The aim of this study is to: (1) analyse the variation of cheek tooth shape in the Caviinae and, (2) quantify the covariation relations between caviine cheek teeth. For this purpose, we perform the first geometric morphometric analysis on cheek teeth of fossil and extant caviids, ancestral shape reconstructions and covariation analyses. Our results show that caviine dentition is strongly integrated with a higher covariation between teeth of the same row than between opposite teeth, differing from mammals with complex interlocking. Each series acts as a single functional unit integrated during grinding action obtained by mainly propalinal movements. However, p4 shows more plasticity, allowing its morphology to differentiate from the common pattern of molars. Morphologically homogeneous cheek tooth series are ancestral in crown caviids and highly marked in Cavia, while stronger morphological differences between tooth pieces are observed in Microcavia and Galea. These differences are probably driven by diet changes. The tendency towards alignment of main masticatory movements with the tooth row axes seems to be a key factor in understanding cheek tooth covariation patterns in this and other rodent clades.
Focus on function
Authors: Sater Pamela Ann Melvin 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder affecting people of all ages, and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Adults frequently have less hyperactivity or impulsivity but struggle more with inattentiveness and restlessness. Adults also may have comorbid psychiatric conditions and substance use issues that can make ADHD challenging to detect and treat. If left untreated, ADHD may harm the patient's quality of life. This article examines therapies for treating adults with ADHD.
Cervical artery dissection
Authors: Nicolas Yunius K. San 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Cervical artery dissection is a common cause of stroke in young adults and can lead to significant disability. Clinicians should be able to recognize the clinical presentation and diagnose this condition to prevent cerebral ischemia and its complications. Consider cervical artery dissection in a young adult with new-onset, unilateral head pain with or without neck pain with antecedent neck trauma, with or without neurologic deficits or risk factors for dissection. Early diagnosis can lead to better outcomes but the overall prognosis is good for young adults with cervical artery dissection.
Modernizing regulations for treating opioid use disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Iacono Tara M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The opioid epidemic has been the most significant public health crisis in the United States during the past 30 years. In 2021, it was second only to COVID-19. What happens when two epidemics collide and what should policy makers do about it? This article analyzes the burden of COVID-19 on patients with opioid addiction and discusses the beneficial policy changes that improve access to substance abuse care.
Oculomotor and Perceptual Measures of Visual Motion Sensitivity in Patients With Chronic Dizziness Symptoms
Authors: Zaleski-King Ashley , Pinto Robin , Tamaki Chizuko , Bogle Jamie , McCaslin Devin , Brungart Douglas 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to provide empirical data describing the relationship between behavioral responses to dynamic visual motion in adults with chronic dizziness symptoms with and without clinically identifiable peripheral vestibular impairment.

Design:
Prospective, quasi-experimental study including individuals with chronic dizziness symptoms with identified unilateral peripheral vestibular impairment (n=27), and individuals with chronic dizziness symptoms without identified vestibular impairment (n=26). We measured (a) visual perception of verticality in a dynamic background, (b) postural displacement in a dynamic background, (c) eye movement behaviors in various visual contexts, and (d) self-rating degree of anxiety.

Results:
Status of peripheral vestibular function was not a significant predictor of behavioral responses to visual motion. The data show that the ability to fixate on a visual target was predictive of postural control in a dynamic visual background. Trial-to-trial variability in verticality responses and degree of self-rated anxiety were also associated with postural control.

Conclusions:
Apart from vestibular function, oculomotor control is important for maintaining control of whole-body motor responses during exposure to a dynamic visual stimulus. Vertical perception precision—not accuracy—may be more important for understanding real-world consequences of visual motion sensitivity. Traditional diagnostic evaluations focusing exclusively on characterizing the peripheral vestibular system may not provide insight into the behaviors associated with visual motion sensitivity.
Mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells associated with acute myeloid leukemia show similar genetic mutations and expression profiles to leukemia cells
Authors: Gong Xiaoyuan , Li Chunhong , Wang Ying , Rao Qing , Mi Yingchang , Wang Min , Wei Hui , Wang Jianxiang 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) proliferation associated with myeloid neoplasms (MPDMN) are recognized as a neoplasm related to fully differentiated pDCs. Although it has been reported for many years, the genomic landscape of MPDMN is poorly understood.

Methods:
We reported two patients who developed acute myeloid leukemia (French-American-British M5 subtype) coexisted with immunophenotypically mature pDCs proliferation, which fit the diagnosis of MPDMN. We sorted pDCs from myeloid blasts by flow cytometry and performed whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of the two cell populations, respectively.

Results:
The immunophenotypes of pDCs in both patients were positive for CD123bri, HLA-DR, CD4, CD303, CD304, and negative for CD56, CD34, CD117, and TdT. The variant allele frequency of gene mutations in myeloid blasts and pDCs were similar. The expression data showed myeloid blasts clustered tightly with hematopoietic stem cells, and pDCs from patients clustered tightly with granulocyte-monocyte progenitors/common myeloid progenitor, rather than with pDCs from the GEO platform.

Conclusion:
Our study suggested that pDCs derived from the leukemic clone, evidenced by a shared mutation profile and similar transcriptional signatures between pDCs and concurrent myeloid blasts.
Chimeric LSMAP Double-barrel Fibula Free Flap: Goal-oriented Surgical Technique and Tips for One-stage Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Massarelli Olindo 
Published: January 2022

Summary:
Composite oromandibular defects involving jaw bones, intraoral and skin/soft tissues, or dynamic structures such as the tongue, soft palate, and pharynx are real reconstructive challenges even today. Despite improvements in oral dental rehabilitation, another complex task to deal with in young patients with dentate or nonatrophic mandible is correcting a too large vertical occlusal dimension, which makes the prosthodontic rehabilitation very challenging. Instead of using more complex and time-consuming methods such as simultaneous free flaps and to avoid further bone graft and second-stage revision procedures, an innovative double-barrel shaped chimeric fibula free flap with lateral supramalleolar artery perforator flap is used to fulfill all of the reconstructive requisites in one-stage. This new operative technique has never been described before. To deal with a complex head and neck reconstruction, the step-by-step harvesting technique, flap design, and inset of flap are described, giving tips and tricks to avoid jeopardizing its vascularity. A proper match between the bone transplant and native mandible, together with a sufficient amount of tissue for proper oropharyngeal reconstruction was achieved in one stage. Both the functional and aesthetic results were excellent, requiring no further revisions in a second stage. The chimeric fibula free flap with lateral supramalleolar artery perforator flap is a novel, versatile, and useful technique that provides a good opportunity for clinicians and patients to achieve adequate prosthetic rehabilitation and improved aesthetics in reconstruction of postablative extensive oromandibular defects in one stage.
Focus on Dysregulated Adaptive Immunity in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Promising Direction for Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Jiaming , Huang Chunhong , Zhu Haihong , Chen Zhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health problem that endangers global health and is the leading cause for the occurrence and death due to hepatocellular carcinoma. Although nucleotide analogs are excellent in controlling virus replication, they have little effect on the production, stability, and transcription of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in infected hepatocytes. Moreover, only a small fraction of patients with chronic hepatitis B are cured by interferon therapy. During HBV infection, HBV-specific B cells and T cells are produced. HBV-specific T cells exert antiviral effects through cell lysis and non-cytolytic effector functions, reducing viral intermediates and cccDNA. In addition, HBV-specific B cells produce antibodies that eliminate HBV-infected liver cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. They can also bind to the hepatitis B surface antigen on the surface of the virus particle, inducing antibody-dependent phagocytosis by Kupffer cells. These responses could be combined with immunotherapy based on antiviral therapy, which may achieve a complete cure for hepatitis B. However, patients with chronic hepatitis B have immune dysfunctions, which challenges immunotherapy implementation. This review focuses on advances in adaptive immunotherapy for chronic viral hepatitis B.
Paracrine Fibroblast Growth Factor-Based Therapy: An Unexpected Panacea for Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)
Authors: Pan Tongtong , Li Ting , Shi Lu , Su Lihuang , Chen Yongping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a group of highly heterogeneous multi-system diseases, which is closely related to metabolic dysfunction and is one of the most important public health problems in the world. Studies have shown that paracrine fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play an important role in the occurrence and development of MAFLD by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. This article reviews the latest progress in understanding of the distribution, function, and metabolic regulation of paracrine FGFs, which paves the way for future FGF-based therapies targeting MAFLD.
Curvularia Sinusitis in Leukemic Patients
Authors: Tuktur Wanderimam R. , Katzman Ju Hee , Greene John N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Curvularia species are dematiaceous filamentous fungi that can cause a variety of infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. We present 2 cases of severely immunosuppressed patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis due to Curvularia species. Both patients had a history of hematologic malignancy with refractory disease and prolonged neutropenia. They presented with facial and sinus pain, which prompted maxillofacial computed tomography that showed acute sinusitis. Subsequently, they underwent nasal endoscopy with a biopsy that revealed a definitive diagnosis of invasive fungal sinusitis. Dematiaceous fungi are responsible for most fungal sinusitis cases, with Curvularia being one of the most common species isolated. Generally, invasive fungal rhinosinusitis may follow a relatively innocuous and nonspecific course. In addition, fungal infections may complicate chronic allergic sinusitis. Computed tomography scan is the first imaging modality of choice, and magnetic resonance imaging has a role in prognostication in acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Endoscopic sinus surgery with biopsy yields a definitive diagnosis and is therapeutic. Management typically includes a combination of surgery and antifungal agents. Severe neutropenia is a significant risk factor for infection and is associated with poor outcomes. Aggressive surgical debridement, combined with antifungal therapy, should be emphasized in leukemic patients despite their prolonged neutropenia and bleeding tendency.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome During the COVID-19 Era
Authors: White Cole J. , White Bailey Slone , Wadhwa Sanju R. , Aouad Arlette 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
During the current pandemic, the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has quickly moved to the top of the list of potential causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients presenting to the hospital. Potential COVID-19 infections should continue to be quickly identified and treated when indicated, but it is important that we not forget about the other potential causes of ARDS. In this case series, we will discuss 3 cases of ARDS that were passed off as likely SARS-CoV-2 infections but were all discovered to be negative for COVID-19. This highlights the importance of maintaining a thorough history and physical examination during the pandemic to identify the other causes of ARDS and avoid the negative effects of frequency bias.
Trends in Antimicrobial Allergies in Patients Seen in Infectious Disease Consultation During Selected Periods 2007–2016
Authors: Liu Hans H. , Mutneja Hemant , Buckley Meghan , Cushinotto Lisa 
Published: January 2022

Background
Antimicrobial allergies and adverse reactions limit patient treatment options. “Antibiotic allergy” labeling drives broader, more toxic, and/or parenteral therapy. Published allergy data may be decades old over which time antibiotic usage has changed with newer agents introduced and greater use of several older ones. Some patient allergy designations are inaccurate; many are not true hypersensitivity. Electronic health records (EHRs) promote collection of allergy information but could inflate numbers as data are repetitively elicited and recorded.

Objectives
This study measured antimicrobial allergy prevalence in hospitalized adults and determined how EHR implementation affected data.

Methods
Retrospective chart reviews were conducted on 750+ adults seen in community teaching hospital infectious diseases consultation during each of three 6-month periods in 2007–2008, 2011–2012, and 2015–2016. Dates correspond to pre-EHR, after nursing data entry started, and after physician order entry and full electronic recordkeeping. Total antibiotic and nonantibiotic allergies were compiled and factors in recording these tracked.

Results
Penicillin (20.5%–22%), cephalosporin (8%–10.2%), sulfa (12%–14.1%), and fluoroquinolone (5.4%–8.9%) allergy frequencies were high. Antibiotic allergy rates were stable from 2007–2008 to 2015–2016 due to most repetitive listings being made “inactive.” However, median total drug allergies rose from 0 to 1 per patient (P < 0.01) and multiple drug intolerance (>3 unrelated drugs) increased.

Conclusions
Overall allergy rates for several antimicrobials were high but stable over study period; nonantibiotic allergies rose. Multidisciplinary allergy documentation is crucial in accurate data collection. Antibiotic-allergic and multiple drug intolerant patients are a good focus for prospective allergy education and “delabeling” programs.
Effects of Emergency Duties on Cardiovascular Diseases in Firefighters
Authors: Jeung Da-Yee , Hyun Dae-Sung , Kim Inah , Chang Sei-Jin 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effects of firefighters’ emergency duties on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods
We used a 13-year follow-up in a nationwide retrospective cohort study. A total of 363,137 employees were recruited. The sex-and age-specific incidence of CVD (hypertension, angina pectoris, and acutemyocardial infarction [AMI]) in firefighters and public officials was estimated.

Results
The overall age-specific sex-based incidence of CVD, except for hypertension, was higher in firefighters than in public officials. The age-stratified hazard ratios for the three types of CVD in male firefighters were also higher. AMI was more common in younger firefighters, whereas angina pectoris and hypertension were common in older firefighters.

Conclusions
Firefighters’ duties are more likely to increase the risk of CVD, and preventive strategies with proven benefits are required.
Relationship Between Support for Workers With Illness and Work Functioning Impairment in Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Igarashi Yu , Tateishi Seiichiro , Harada Arisa , Hino Ayako , Tsuji Mayumi , Ogami Akira , Mori Koji , Matsugaki Ryutaro , Fujino Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
This study examined the relationship between job accommodations for workers with poor health and work functioning impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
An internet survey was conducted in December 2020. We included 24,429 subjects for analysis. One question was used to determine whether subjects needed job accommodations from their company to continue working in their current health condition. The odds ratios (ORs) of the necessity of job accommodations for sick workers associated with work functioning impairment were estimated using multilevel logistic regression analysis.

Results:
The OR of work functioning impairment among sick workers not receiving job accommodations was 5.75 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.34 to 6.20, P
< 0.001) and those receiving job accommodations was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.69 to 2.08, P
< 0.001) compared to healthy workers.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that providing job accommodations to workers with poor health may improve their work functioning impairment.
The Laterality of Early Age-Related Hearing Loss and Brain β-Amyloid
Authors: Irace Alexandria L. , Rippon Brady Q. , Brickman Adam M. , Luchsinger José A. , Golub Justin S. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
Worse hearing was linked to higher brain β-amyloid, a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, in a recent study. We analyze the associations between β-amyloid and early age-related hearing loss in the right versus left ear to explore the laterality of this relationship.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Participants:
Ninety-eight late middle-age adults.

Interventions:
None.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome was whole brain and regional β-amyloid standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) on positron emission tomography. The exposure was hearing in the right and left ear, measured by pure tone average (PTA) and word recognition score (WRS). Linear regression analyzed the association between β-amyloid and hearing in each ear, adjusting for potential confounders, including age, gender, education, cardiovascular disease, and hearing aid use.

Results:
Mean age ± standard deviation was 64.3 ± 3.5 years. Mean PTA was 20.4 ± 8.8 dB. Multivariable regression adjusting for covariates demonstrated that a 10 dB worsening in PTA in the left ear was associated with significantly higher β-amyloid (SUVR) in the bilateral cingulate gyri (right coefficient: 0.029 [95% confidence interval: 0.003–0.054]; left: 0.029 [0.003–0.055]), bilateral frontal lobes (right: 0.024 [0.002–0.047]; left: 0.028 [0.006–0.049]), and the right temporal lobe (0.019 [0.002–0.037]). Consistent results were observed when WRS served as the exposure. No associations were observed between β-amyloid and PTA or WRS in the right ear.

Conclusions:
Worse hearing in the left ear, but not the right ear, was associated with higher β-amyloid. This might relate to asymmetric central auditory processing.
Pertussis vaccines
Authors: Cherry James D. , Doustmohammadi Saba 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Pertussis is a vaccine preventable cough illness. It can be controlled by universal pertussis vaccination.

Recent findings
Pertussis cases and deaths in children are at a record low number. More complete use of adolescent/adult vaccine can further reduce morbidity and mortality.

Summary
Considerable progress in the control of pertussis has occurred over the last 75 years. The universal use of Tdap vaccines in all pregnant women will prevent virtually all pertussis deaths.