bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Endoscopic Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm Using Improved Retrosigmoid Infrafloccular Approach: Clinical Analysis of 81 Cases
Authors: Guo Xing , Zhang Chao , Li Yuexuan , Li Xingang , Ma Xiangyu , Li Weiguo 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Microvascular decompression (MVD) is widely accepted as the preferred treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS). Endoscopy has been implemented to provide a comprehensive view of neurovascular conflicts and minimize the damage caused by brain retraction while exploring the facial nerve root exit zone of the brain stem.

OBJECTIVE:
To preliminarily evaluate the surgical safety and efficacy of fully endoscopic MVD for HFS using an improved retrosigmoid infrafloccular approach.

METHODS:
The clinical data of 81 patients with HFS who underwent fully endoscopic MVD using an improved endoscopic retrosigmoid infrafloccular approach from June 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The reliability and advantages of this surgical technique in the treatment of HFS were evaluated according to the intraoperative situation, outcomes of postoperative symptoms, and main complications.

RESULTS:
During the follow-up period, 77 cases (95.1%) were completely cured, with immediate facial twitch disappearance in 56 cases and a delayed cure in 21 cases; in 4 cases (4.9%), there was no obvious improvement. There were no cases of recurrence. There were 4 cases (4.9%) of transient facial paralysis after MVD, all of which were completely cured in 3 months. Three cases (3.7%) had hearing loss postoperatively, of whom 2 showed good improvement. At the end of the follow-up period, 1 case (1.2%) still had tinnitus. There were no cases of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage, cerebellar swelling, or death.

CONCLUSION:
Fully endoscopic MVD using an improved retrosigmoid infrafloccular approach not only has the advantages of panoramic surgical visualization but also takes into account the requirements of minimally invasive surgery.
Mobility-Maintaining Facet Arthroplasty of the Lumbar Spine With the Second-Generation TOPS System: A Case Series
Authors: Lack Werner , Kutschera Hans Paul , Krugluger Josef 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Lumbar spinal stenosis results from spinal canal narrowing and can lead to pain and dysfunction. Until recently, surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis requiring an extensive decompression, with or without spondylolisthesis, had to balance pain relief with the long-term risks of spinal instability after decompression and adjacent segment disease (ASD) after spinal fusion. Spinal motion-preserving devices aim to reduce the incidence of ASD after posterolateral fusion and consequent need for revision surgery.

OBJECTIVE:
To present a single-center experience with a facet replacement implant (TOPS System [TOtal Posterior Spine System], Premia Spine) designed to stabilize the spine and prevent further degeneration while maintaining a normal range of motion (ROM).

METHODS:
Seventeen patients received the implant after a laminotomy. Clinical assessments included surgery duration, complication rates, and visual analog score for back pain. Radiographs were used to measure ROM changes from flexion to extension and assess for any repositioning of a degenerative spondylolisthesis and segment lordosis.

RESULTS:
The average operative time was 102 minutes. The average visual analog score reduction was 7.5 at 3 months, 6.8 at 12 months, and 6.7 at the longest follow-up (average: 51 months, range: 26-77), demonstrating an average improvement of 81%. The preoperative and postoperative average ROMs were 8.2° and 7.4°, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
This series shows that the TOPS System has the potential to relieve back pain and maintain close-to-normal ROM over longer time periods without inducing ASD. The TOPS System is the first to allow the patient to settle into physiological lordosis adjustment thus presenting new treatment possibilities with mobility-maintaining dorsal instrumentation.
Nondominant Hand Skills Spatial and Psychomotor Analysis During a Complex Virtual Reality Neurosurgical Task—A Case Series Study
Authors: Yilmaz Recai , Ledwos Nicole , Sawaya Robin , Winkler-Schwartz Alexander , Mirchi Nykan , Bissonnette Vincent , Fazlollahi Ali M. , Bakhaidar Mohamad , Alsayegh Ahmad , Sabbagh Abdulrahman J. , Bajunaid Khalid , Del Maestro Rolando 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Virtual reality surgical simulators provide detailed psychomotor performance data, allowing qualitative and quantitative assessment of hand function. The nondominant hand plays an essential role in neurosurgery in exposing the operative area, assisting the dominant hand to optimize task execution, and hemostasis. Outlining expert-level nondominant hand skills may be critical to understand surgical expertise and aid learner training.

OBJECTIVE:
To (1) provide validity for the simulated bimanual subpial tumor resection task and (2) to use this simulation in qualitative and quantitative evaluation of nondominant hand skills for bipolar forceps utilization.

METHODS:
In this case series study, 45 right-handed participants performed a simulated subpial tumor resection using simulated bipolar forceps in the nondominant hand for assisting the surgery and hemostasis. A 10-item questionnaire was used to assess task validity. The nondominant hand skills across 4 expertise levels (neurosurgeons, senior trainees, junior trainees, and medical students) were analyzed by 2 visual models and performance metrics.

RESULTS:
Neurosurgeon median (range) overall satisfaction with the simulated scenario was 4.0/5.0 (2.0-5.0). The visual models demonstrated a decrease in high force application areas on pial surface with increased expertise level. Bipolar-pia mater interactions were more focused around the tumoral region for neurosurgeons and senior trainees. These groups spent more time using the bipolar while interacting with pia. All groups spent significantly higher time in the left upper pial quadrant than other quadrants.

CONCLUSION:
This work introduces new approaches for the evaluation of nondominant hand skills which may help surgical trainees by providing both qualitative and quantitative feedback.
Prostate organogenesis
Authors: Pletcher Andrew , Shibata Maho 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Prostate organogenesis begins during embryonic development and continues through puberty when the prostate becomes an important exocrine gland of the male reproductive system. The specification and growth of the prostate is regulated by androgens and is largely a result of cell-cell communication between the epithelium and mesenchyme. The fields of developmental and cancer biology have long been interested in prostate organogenesis because of its relevance for understanding prostate diseases, and research has expanded in recent years with the advent of novel technologies, including genetic-lineage tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing and organoid culture methods, that have provided important insights into androgen regulation, epithelial cell origins and cellular heterogeneity. We discuss these findings, putting them into context with what is currently known about prostate organogenesis.
The gut parasite Nosema ceranae impairs olfactory learning in bumblebees
Authors: Gómez-Moracho Tamara , Durand Tristan , Lihoreau Mathieu 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Pollinators are exposed to numerous parasites and pathogens when foraging on flowers. These biological stressors may affect critical cognitive abilities required for foraging. Here, we tested whether exposure to Nosema ceranae, one of the most widespread parasites of honey bees also found in wild pollinators, impacts cognition in bumblebees. We investigated different forms of olfactory learning and memory using conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex. Seven days after being exposed to parasite spores, bumblebees showed lower performance in absolute, differential and reversal learning than controls. The consistent observations across different types of olfactory learning indicate a general negative effect of N. ceranae exposure that did not specifically target particular brain areas or neural processes. We discuss the potential mechanisms by which N. ceranae impairs bumblebee cognition and the broader consequences for populations of pollinators.
Pandemic preparedness and responsiveness of research review committees: lessons from review of COVID-19 protocols at KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme in Kenya
Authors: Hinga Alex , Jeena Lisha , Awuor Esther , Kahindi Jane , Munene Marianne , Kinyanjui Samson , Molyneux Sassy , Marsh Vicki , Kamuya Dorcas 
Published: June 2022

Background: The scale of the COVID-19 pandemic and novelty of SARS-CoV-2 presented unprecedented challenges in the review of COVID-19 protocols. We investigated how research at the KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) was reviewed, including by institutional and national level committees. Methods: A document review and in-depth interviews with researchers, regulators and research reviewers were conducted. Documents reviewed included research logs of all protocols submitted between April-1-2020 and March-31-2021, feedback letters from review committees for 10 new COVID-19 protocols (n=42), and minutes from 35 COVID-19 research review meetings. Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted with respondents purposively selected because of their experience of developing or reviewing COVID-19 protocols at the institution level (n=9 researchers, engagement officers and regulators) or their experience in reviewing proposals at a national-level (n=6 committee members). Data were managed and analyzed using MS Excel and NVivo12. Results: Between April-1-2020 and March-31-2021, 30 COVID-19-related submissions by KWTRP researchers were approved. Changes to the review system included strengthening the online system for protocol submission and review, recruiting more reviewers, and trialing a joint review process where one protocol was submitted to multiple review committees simultaneously . The turnaround time from submission to national approval/rejection over this period was faster than pre-pandemic, but slower than the national committee’s target. COVID-19-specific ethics questions centred on: virtual informed consent and data collection; COVID-19 prevention, screening and testing procedures; and the challenges of study design and community engagement during the pandemic. Conclusions: The unprecedented challenges of the pandemic and added bureaucratic requirements created a more complex review process and delayed final approval of research protocols. The feasibility of conducting joint review of research during public health emergencies in Kenya needs further investigation. Consideration of the unique COVID-19 ethics issues raised in this paper might aid expedience in current and future reviews.
A Sparse Version of Reznick’s Positivstellensatz
Authors: Mai Ngoc Hoang Anh , Magron Victor , Lasserre Jean 
Published: June 2022

If f is a positive definite form, Reznick’s Positivstellensatz states that there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a sum of squares of polynomials. Assuming that f can be written as a sum of forms [Formula: see text], where each fl depends on a subset of the initial variables, and assuming that these subsets satisfy the so-called running intersection property, we provide a sparse version of Reznick’s Positivstellensatz. Namely, there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], where σl is a sum of squares of polynomials, Hl is a uniform polynomial denominator, and both polynomials [Formula: see text] involve the same variables as fl for each [Formula: see text]. In other words, the sparsity pattern of f is also reflected in this sparse version of Reznick’s certificate of positivity. We next use this result to also obtain positivity certificates for (i) polynomials nonnegative on the whole space and (ii) polynomials nonnegative on a (possibly noncompact) basic semialgebraic set, assuming that the input data satisfy the running intersection property. Both are sparse versions of a positivity certificate from Putinar and Vasilescu. Funding: V. Magron was supported by the Fondation Mathématique Jacques Hadamard Programme Gaspard Monge for Optimization (Exact Polynomial Optimization with Innovative Certifed Schemes project). This work has benefited from the Tremplin European Research Council Starting [Grant ANR-18-ERC2-0004-01] (Tremplin-Certified Optimization for Cyber-Physical Systems project), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions [Grant 813211] (Polynomial Optimization, Efficiency through Moments and Algebra) as well as from the Artificial Intelligence Interdisciplinary Institute Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute funding, through the French “Investing for the Future Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir3” program [Grant n°ANR-19-PI3A-0004].
School racial segregation and long-term cardiovascular health among Black adults in the US: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Schwartz Gabriel L. , White Justin S. , Glymour M. Maria , Reardon Sean F. , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Collin Daniel F. , Inamdar Pushkar P. , Wang Guangyi , Hamad Rita 
Published: June 2022

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects Black adults in the United States. This is increasingly acknowledged to be due to inequitable distribution of health-promoting resources. One potential contributor is inequities in educational opportunities, although it is unclear what aspects of education are most salient. School racial segregation may affect cardiovascular health by increasing stress, constraining socioeconomic opportunities, and altering health behaviors. We investigated the association between school segregation and Black adults’ CVD risk.

Methods and findings
We leveraged a natural experiment created by quasi-random (i.e., arbitrary) timing of local court decisions since 1991 that released school districts from court-ordered desegregation. We used the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) (1991 to 2017), linked with district-level school segregation measures and desegregation court order status. The sample included 1,053 Black participants who ever resided in school districts that were under a court desegregation order in 1991. The exposure was mean school segregation during observed schooling years. Outcomes included several adult CVD risk factors and outcomes. We fitted standard ordinary least squares (OLS) multivariable linear regression models, then conducted instrumental variables (IV) analysis, using the proportion of schooling years spent in districts that had been released from court-ordered desegregation as an instrument. We adjusted for individual- and district-level preexposure confounders, birth year, and state fixed effects. In standard linear models, school segregation was associated with a lower probability of good self-rated health (−0.05 percentage points per SD of the segregation index; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.03; p < 0.001) and a higher probability of binge drinking (0.04 percentage points; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.07; p = 0.04) and heart disease (0.01 percentage points; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.15; p = 0.007). IV analyses also found that school segregation was associated with a lower probability of good self-rated health (−0.09 percentage points; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.02, p = 0.02) and a higher probability of binge drinking (0.17 percentage points; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.30, p = 0.008). For IV estimates, only binge drinking was robust to adjustments for multiple hypothesis testing. Limitations included self-reported outcomes and potential residual confounding and exposure misclassification.

Conclusions
School segregation exposure in childhood may have longstanding impacts on Black adults’ cardiovascular health. Future research should replicate these analyses in larger samples and explore potential mechanisms. Given the recent rise in school segregation, this study has implications for policies and programs to address racial inequities in CVD.
Effects of changes in physical and sedentary behaviors on mental health and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Xi , Gao Haiyan , Shu Binbin , Zou Yuchun 
Published: June 2022

Background
While restriction measures are critical in containing the COVID-19 outbreak, limited studies have investigated the behavioral and psychological impact of these measures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of physical and sedentary behavioral changes and online behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and life satisfaction among the Chinese population.

Methods
The data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 2145 residents aged between 18 and 80 in Hubei province, China between March 23, 2020, and April 9, 2020.

Results
Participants who had high frequencies of physical activities before or during the COVID-19 outbreak exhibited higher levels of life satisfaction. Participants who increased their sitting time during the pandemic or kept sitting for more than eight hours before and during the pandemic reported worse mental health than those who maintained less sedentary behavior. Besides, participants who used the Internet for information seeking, communication, and entertainment more frequently reported better mental health and life satisfaction. In contrast, there was a positive association between commercial use of the Internet and symptoms of mental disorders.

Conclusion
Given the link between physical and sedentary behavioral changes with worse mental wellbeing, strategies to reduce sedentariness and increase physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed.
Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Incidence, Staging, and Mortality in Canada: Implications for Population-Based Screening
Authors: O'Sullivan Dylan E. , Ruan Yibing , Cheung Winson Y. , Forbes Nauzer , Heitman Steven J. , Hilsden Robert J. , Brenner Darren R. 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (eoCRC) has been increasing in North America. Debate remains as to whether the trends by topography, histology, stage, or mortality in this population are amenable to intervention from screening.

METHODS:
CRC incidence (2000–2017) and mortality (2000–2018) data were obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics. Annual percentage changes (APC) in the incidence (topography and histology) and mortality of eoCRC were estimated using joinpoint regression. Incidence of late-stage CRC (III or IV) versus early-stage CRC (I or II) was compared between the eoCRC (age 20–49 years) and eligible screening (age 50–74 years) groups with Poisson regression.

RESULTS:
Among women aged 20–49 years, the incidence of CRC significantly increased from 2000 to 2017 in both the distal colon (APC = 1.40) and rectum (APC = 3.00), whereas for men aged 20–49 years, the CRC incidence increased in the proximal colon (APC = 1.10), distal colon (APC = 3.00), and rectum (APC = 3.70). Among both men and women aged 20–49 years, the incidence of nonmucinous adenocarcinomas significantly increased (APC: 1.90 and 2.30, respectively), whereas mucinous adenocarcinomas decreased for women (APC = −1.60) and remained stable for men. Adults aged 30 to 49 years, when diagnosed with CRC, had a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with a late-stage CRC compared with those in the age group of 50–74 years. Rectal cancer mortality increased from 2000 to 2018 in the eoCRC group (APC for women and men 3.80 and 3.40, respectively).

DISCUSSION:
Emerging data support future modifications to guidelines on screening for eoCRC in Canada. Further research is required on the effect, cost-effectiveness, and risk prediction for targeted screening within this group.
A Freshwater Fish-Based Diet Alleviates Liver Steatosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial in Chinese Participants With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: He Kaiyin , Guo Li-Liangzi , Tang Huijun , Peng Xiaojuan , Li Juan , Feng Shufen , Bie Caiqun , Chen Weiwei , Li Yuting , Wang Min , Tang Shaohui 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
We aimed to assess the effects of 2 isoenergetic intervention diets (a freshwater fish-based diet [F group] or freshwater fish-based and red meat-based diets alternately [F/M group]) on liver steatosis and their relationship with intestinal flora in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

METHODS:
In this open-label, 84-day randomized controlled trial, 34 NAFLD patients with hepatic steatosis ≥10% were randomly assigned to the F group or F/M group in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated random number allocation by a researcher not involved in the study. Liver fat content and gut microbiota and its metabolites were measured.

RESULTS:
At the end of intervention, the absolute reduction of hepatic steatosis was significantly greater in the F group than in the F/M group (−4.89% vs −1.83%, P = 0.032). Of the 16 secondary clinical outcomes, the improvement in 7 in the F group was greater compared with the F/M group, including alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Furthermore, dietary freshwater fish and red meat consumption alternately did not exacerbate NAFLD. Moreover, changes in the enrichment of Faecalibacterium, short-chain fatty acids, and unconjugated bile acids and the depletion of Prevotella 9 and conjugated bile acids in the F group were significantly greater compared with the F/M group.

DISCUSSION:
Higher intake of freshwater fish may be beneficial to NAFLD by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, whereas intake of a similar total of animal protein and fat from the alternating freshwater fish and red meat may not be harmful for NAFLD in the dietary management of patients with NAFLD.
COMPETENCE, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, WORK TEAM TO HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE
Authors: Prapti Rr. Lulus , Widyakto Adhi , Suryawardana Edy 
Published: June 2022

This research about the human capital approach to manage human resources becoming productive. The method used is qualitative method with descriptive research. Human capital approach for the implementation has five maain components, i.e individual capability, individual motivation, the organization climate, workgroup effectiveness and leadership. Recognizing the importance of human resource company activities, needed to optimal manage human resources because the key to success a company isn’t only benefits of technology and availability of funds, but also on the human factor. Based on observations in Indonesia, there are still many companies doesn’t have implemented the most optimal approach to human capital. The results of study indicate that the human capital component hasn’t been optimal, especially in terms of individual capability and individual motivationThe purpose of study was determine the effect of several variables such as competence, leadership, and work discipline on employeess performance. The method used is descriptive and causality. The statistical test in this study uses Multiple Regression Analysis. Respondents involved in this study were 93 employeess who were permanent employeess at the Human Resources and Facility Management Directorate at PT Telekomunication Indonesia, Jakarta Head Office. The sampling method of his research using purposive sampling. Data accumulation techniques using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression. The results indicates that partially competence has an effect on employeess performance, The Orgamizatation Climte doesn’t affect employees performance, work Group Efficiency affects employees performance.