bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel feature relearning method for automatic sleep staging based on single-channel EEG
Authors: Tao Yujie , Yang Yun , Yang Po , Nan Fengtao , Zhang Yan , Rao Yulong , Du Fei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCorrectly identifying sleep stages is essential for assessing sleep quality and treating sleep disorders. However, the current sleep staging methods have the following problems: (1) Manual or semi-automatic extraction of features requires professional knowledge, which is time-consuming and laborious. (2) Due to the similarity of stage features, it is necessary to strengthen the learning of features. (3) Acquisition of a variety of data has high requirements on equipment. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel feature relearning method for automatic sleep staging based on single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) to solve these three problems. Specifically, we design a bottom–up and top–down network and use the attention mechanism to learn EEG information fully. The cascading step with an imbalanced strategy is used to further improve the overall classification performance and realize automatic sleep classification. The experimental results on the public dataset Sleep-EDF show that the proposed method is advanced. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. The code and supplementary materials are available at GitHub: https://github.com/raintyj/A-novel-feature-relearning-method.
Electrochemical Proton Storage: From Fundamental Understanding to Materials to Devices
Authors: Xu Tiezhu , Wang Di , Li Zhiwei , Chen Ziyang , Zhang Jinhui , Hu Tingsong , Zhang Xiaogang , Shen Laifa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSimultaneously improving the energy density and power density of electrochemical energy storage systems is the ultimate goal of electrochemical energy storage technology. An effective strategy to achieve this goal is to take advantage of the high capacity and rapid kinetics of electrochemical proton storage to break through the power limit of batteries and the energy limit of capacitors. This article aims to review the research progress on the physicochemical properties, electrochemical performance, and reaction mechanisms of electrode materials for electrochemical proton storage. According to the different charge storage mechanisms, the surface redox, intercalation, and conversion materials are classified and introduced in detail, where the influence of crystal water and other nanostructures on the migration kinetics of protons is clarified. Several reported advanced full cell devices are summarized to promote the commercialization of electrochemical proton storage. Finally, this review provides a framework for research directions of charge storage mechanism, basic principles of material structure design, construction strategies of full cell device, and goals of practical application for electrochemical proton storage.
Surface-Alloyed Nanoporous Zinc as Reversible and Stable Anodes for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery
Authors: Meng Huan , Ran Qing , Dai Tian-Yi , Shi Hang , Zeng Shu-Pei , Zhu Yong-Fu , Wen Zi , Zhang Wei , Lang Xing-You , Zheng Wei-Tao , Jiang Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetallic zinc (Zn) is one of the most attractive multivalent-metal anode materials in post-lithium batteries because of its high abundance, low cost and high theoretical capacity. However, it usually suffers from large voltage polarization, low Coulombic efficiency and high propensity for dendritic failure during Zn stripping/plating, hindering the practical application in aqueous rechargeable zinc-metal batteries (AR-ZMBs). Here we demonstrate that anionic surfactant-assisted in situ surface alloying of Cu and Zn remarkably improves Zn reversibility of 3D nanoporous Zn electrodes for potential use as high-performance AR-ZMB anode materials. As a result of the zincophilic ZnxCuy alloy shell guiding uniform Zn deposition with a zero nucleation overpotential and facilitating Zn stripping via the ZnxCuy/Zn galvanic couples, the self-supported nanoporous ZnxCuy/Zn electrodes exhibit superior dendrite-free Zn stripping/plating behaviors in ambient aqueous electrolyte, with ultralow polarizations under current densities up to 50 mA cm‒2, exceptional stability for 1900 h and high Zn utilization. This enables AR-ZMB full cells constructed with nanoporous ZnxCuy/Zn anode and KzMnO2 cathode to achieve specific energy of as high as ~ 430 Wh kg‒1 with ~ 99.8% Coulombic efficiency, and retain ~ 86% after long-term cycles for > 700 h.
Hetero-Interfaces on Cu Electrode for Enhanced Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Wang Jianghao , Lv Xiangzhou , Yang Yue , Xu Yifei , Liu Qian , Wu Hao Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to multi-carbon products would simultaneously reduce CO2 emission and produce high-value chemicals. Herein, we report Cu electrodes modified by metal–organic framework (MOF) exhibiting enhanced electrocatalytic performance to convert CO2 into ethylene and ethanol. The Zr-based MOF, UiO-66 would in situ transform into amorphous ZrOx nanoparticles (a-ZrOx), constructing a-ZrOx/Cu hetero-interface as a dual-site catalyst. The Faradaic efficiency of multi-carbon (C2+) products for optimal UiO-66-coated Cu (0.5-UiO/Cu) electrode reaches a high value of 74% at − 1.05 V versus RHE. The intrinsic activity for C2+ products on 0.5-UiO/Cu electrode is about two times higher than that of Cu foil. In situ surface-enhanced Raman spectra demonstrate that UiO-66-derived a-ZrOx coating can promote the stabilization of atop-bound CO* intermediates on Cu surface during CO2 electrolysis, leading to increased CO* coverage and facilitating the C–C coupling process. The present study gives new insights into tailoring the adsorption configurations of CO2RR intermediate by designing dual-site electrocatalysts with hetero-interfaces.
Herausforderungen für die Lehrkräftefortbildung vor dem Hintergrund der digitalen Transformation – Perspektiven der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung
Authors: Bonnes Caroline , Wahl Johannes , Lachner Andreas 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der digitalen Transformation schulischer Kontexte ergeben sich neue Anforderungen an die berufliche Handlungskompetenz von Lehrkräften. Dies führt zu einem erhöhten Handlungsbedarf im Bereich der Lehrkräftefortbildung. Diese befindet sich als eine spezifische Form beruflicher Fortbildung an der Schnittstelle zwischen Lehrkräftebildung und Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung, so dass eine Betrachtung dieser Lernkontexte aus dieser Perspektive subdisziplinübergreifende Impulse für die Umsetzung und Gestaltung von Lehrkräftefortbildung geben kann. Im Beitrag werden daher aktuelle Herausforderungen der Lehrkräftefortbildung vor dem Hintergrund der digitalen Transformation anhand des Mehrebenensystems der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung aufgezeigt und mit Blick auf die Erkenntnisse und Konzepte der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung diskutiert.
Crisis, justice, and managing the appetite for risk
Authors: Rochford Francine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe phrase ‘never let a good crisis go to waste’ is often (mis)attributed to Winston Churchill. It expresses the common perception that the sentiments evoked by crisis can be used to manipulate power relations and strategically reposition influence. Although crises can arise from tangible, objectively catastrophic external events, governmental responses to crises are accompanied by processes of framing—construction, interpretation, and communication to the community subject to governance. The framing and management of crises can contribute to the expansion of regulatory scope. Moreover, the process of scaffolding regulatory legitimacy during times of crisis involves deployment and amplification of techniques of governance such as the use of data and expert knowledge, risk management, responsibilisation, and dispersal (or non-dispersal) of funds. In political systems that have adopted neoliberalist forms, these techniques of governance cascade from state-administered functions, such as policing, health, armed forces, and emergency services, to local communities, employers, and consumers. In this way we find responsibility devolved and detached from political decision-making and, more importantly, from democratic legitimacy. Dispersed governing mechanisms steer individual practices towards certain ends so that, rather than suffering the removal of the capacity for decision-making, individuals willingly abandon it. This article explores the intersection between regulation and justice and the methods of framing crises to legitimise governance actions where those actions constrain human rights and justice claims. Analysing Australian state and federal governmental and non-governmental actions during the COVID pandemic, it will use a case study method to assert that performative compliance activity is amongst the suite of sophisticated techniques to legitimise decisions made in circumstances of crisis, even when those decisions cross traditional normative boundaries, implicitly diminishing claims to legitimacy based on democratic discourse. This article will focus on two events: the decision to ‘lock down’ community housing towers, and the decision to arrest and charge with incitement a pregnant woman for starting a Facebook post to encourage breach of lockdown restrictions. Both decisions prompted expressions of concern by civil rights groups and lawyers that human rights had been breached.
Evaluation of Different Doses of the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole for the Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy and Its Effect on Villous Trophoblastic Tissue
Authors: Alabiad Mohamed Ali , Said Warda M. M. , Gad Abdalla Hassan , Sharaf ElDin Mustafa Taha Abdelfattah , Khairy Dina Ahmed , Gobran Mai Ahmed , Shalaby Amany Mohamed , Samy Walaa , Abdelsameea Ahmed Ahmed , Heraiz Ahmed Ismail 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLetrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has recently been introduced as a favorable medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy. We aimed at evaluating the effects of different doses of letrozole for termination of ectopic pregnancy and study their effects on villous trophoblastic tissue. Sixty patients with undisturbed ectopic pregnancy were classified into three equal groups. Group I: the control group that contained women who underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy, Group II: patients who received letrozole (5 mg day−1) for 10 days, and Group III: patients who received letrozole (10 mg day−1) for 10 days. Subsequently, the β-hCG levels were determined on the first day and after 11 days of treatment. Group IV consisted of patients of GII and GIII; their β-hCG did not drop below 100 mIU/ml within 11 days, and underwent salpingectomy. Placental tissues from patients undergoing salpingectomy either from the control group or GIV were processed for the evaluation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC-3) expression. Cases exposed to high dose letrozole 10 mg day−1 resulted in a higher ectopic pregnancy resolution rate of 85% (17/20), while the resolution rate of the low dose letrozole-treated group (5 mg day−1) was 65% (13/20), and also showed a significant reduction in β-hCG levels on the 11th day, 25.63 ± 4.29 compared to the low dose letrozole group 37.91 ± 7.18 (P < 0.001), Meanwhile, the letrozole-treated group GIV showed markedly reduced expression of ER, PR, and VEGF and a significant increase in the apoptotic index cleaved caspase-3 compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The utilization of letrozole at a dose of 10 mg day−1 for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy results in a high-successful rate without any severe side effects. Letrozole depriving the placenta of estrogen that had vascular supporting signals resulted in destroying the vascular network with marked apoptosis.
Graphical abstract
Moments of Markovian growth–collapse processes
Authors: Privault Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe apply general moment identities for Poisson stochastic integrals with random integrands to the computation of the moments of Markovian growth–collapse processes. This extends existing formulas for mean and variance available in the literature to closed-form moment expressions of all orders. In comparison with other methods based on differential equations, our approach yields explicit summations in terms of the time parameter. We also treat the case of the associated embedded chain, and provide recursive codes in Maple and Mathematica for the computation of moments and cumulants of any order with arbitrary cut-off moment sequences and jump size functions.
Decreased mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 associated mucormycosis with aspirin use: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shaikh Z , Sarkar S , Biswas R , Adhikari A , Hallur V K , Parida P K , Preetam C , Pradhan P , Samal D K , Nayak A , Chadaram S , Das K K , Chakraborty S , Sharma P , Veeti A K , Karakkandy V , Mishra A , Mittal Y , Chithambaram K S , Swarup A , Chenniappan S , Shah A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveRhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive disease with high mortality rates of about 60 per cent. The increasing incidence of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in coronavirus disease 2019 patients in India and worldwide has become a matter of concern owing to the case fatality rate. This study explored the use of low dose aspirin in decreasing the mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 associated mucormycosis.MethodThis was a retrospective observational study. Patients suffering from post-coronavirus disease 2019 mucormycosis were included in the study. Each patient was treated with surgical debridement and systemic amphotericin B. Low dose aspirin was added, and mortality rates were compared with the patients who did not receive aspirin.ResultsThe demographic data and rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis staging between the two groups were not significantly different. There was a statistically significant difference in mortality outcomes between the two groups (p = 0.029) and a 1.77 times higher risk of dying for patients not receiving aspirin. Kaplan–Meier survival indicated that patients receiving aspirin had better survival rates (p = 0.04).ConclusionLow dose aspirin improves survival rates in coronavirus disease 2019 associated mucormycosis.
Hallucinations as a risk marker for suicidal behaviour in individuals with a history of sexual assault: a general population study with instant replication
Authors: Yates Kathryn , Lång Ulla , Peters Evyn M. , Wigman Johanna T. W. , Boyda David , McNicholas Fiona , Cannon Mary , Alderson-Day Ben , Bloomfield Michael , Ramsay Hugh , Kelleher Ian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch has shown a strong relationship between hallucinations and suicidal behaviour in general population samples. Whether hallucinations also index suicidal behaviour risk in groups at elevated risk of suicidal behaviour, namely in individuals with a sexual assault history, remains to be seen.AimsWe assessed whether hallucinations were markers of risk for suicidal behaviour among individuals with a sexual assault history.MethodsUsing the cross-sectional 2007 (N = 7403) and 2014 (N = 7546) Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys, we assessed for an interaction between sexual assault and hallucinations in terms of the odds of suicide attempt, as well as directly comparing the prevalence of suicide attempt in individuals with a sexual assault history with v. without hallucinations.ResultsIndividuals with a sexual assault history had increased odds of hallucinations and suicide attempt compared to individuals without a sexual assault history in both samples. There was a significant interaction between sexual assault and hallucinations in terms of the odds of suicide attempt. In total, 14–19% of individuals with a sexual assault history who did not report hallucinations had one or more suicide attempt. This increased to 33–52% of individuals with a sexual assault history who did report hallucinations (2007, aOR = 2.85, 1.71–4.75; 2014, aOR = 4.52, 2.78–7.35).ConclusionsHallucinations are a risk marker for suicide attempt even among individuals with an elevated risk of suicidal behaviour, specifically individuals with a sexual assault history. This finding highlights the clinical significance of hallucinations with regard to suicidal behaviour risk, even among high-risk populations.
Rules and exceptions: A Tolerance Principle account of the possessive suffix in Northern East Cree
Authors: HENKE Ryan E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDebate around inflectional morphology in language acquisition has contrasted various rule- versus analogy-based approaches. This paper tests the rule-based Tolerance Principle (TP) against a new type of pattern in the acquisition of the possessive suffix -im in Northern East Cree. When possessed, each noun type either requires or disallows the suffix, which has a complex distribution throughout the lexicon. Using naturalistic video data from one adult and two children – Ani (2;01–4;03) and Daisy (3;08–5;10) – this paper presents two studies. Study 1 applies the TP to the input to extrapolate two possible sets of nested rules for -im and make predictions for child speech. Study 2 tests these predictions and finds that each child’s production of possessives over time is largely consistent with the predictions of the TP. This paper finds the TP can account for the acquisition of the possessive suffix and discusses implications for language science and Cree language communities.
COMBINED COUNT OF REAL RATIONAL CURVES OF CANONICAL DEGREE 2 ON REAL DEL PEZZO SURFACES WITH
Authors: Finashin S. , Kharlamov V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe propose two systems of “intrinsic” weights for counting such curves. In both cases the result acquires an exceptionally strong invariance property: it does not depend on the choice of a surface. One of our counts includes all divisor classes of canonical degree 2 and gives in total 30. The other one excludes the class
$-2K$
, but adds up the results of counting for a pair of real structures that differ by Bertini involution. This count gives 96.
A Review of Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty Applications Using Green Infrastructure for Flood Management
Authors: Webber Marissa K. , Samaras Constantine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDecision making under deep uncertainty (DMDU) approaches are well‐suited for making decisions about infrastructure to manage flooding exacerbated by climate change. One important system for climate resilience and flood management is green infrastructure, which refers to a network of natural and semi‐engineered areas that provides ecosystem functions. Green infrastructure is often characterized as a low‐regret strategy with multiple co‐benefits under uncertainty. These attributes enable green infrastructure to be an important adaptation strategy under DMDU frameworks for flood management. However, DMDU analyses that include green infrastructure are still relatively limited, perhaps due to computational or modeling complexity and other barriers. This paper identifies and reviews publications in the flood management literature that use DMDU frameworks and refer to green infrastructure adaptation strategies, in order to identify trends and inform future research. The reviewed publications are categorized according to a variety of performance metrics, climate change scenarios, DMDU metrics, and hydrologic modeling techniques, and represent several adaptation strategies applied to case studies on five continents using a range of data sources and assumptions. This paper highlights a number of solutions that can be employed to facilitate additional research at the intersection of these fields. Primary among these is the transparent documentation and use of open source models, methods, and data. Future research should also focus on communication among different stakeholders, particularly in ensuring definitions, assumptions, and data requirements are clear. These partnerships can facilitate effective application of robust strategies such as green infrastructure for urban adaptation to the effects of climate change.
Characteristics of the Quasi‐Periodic Outbreaks of Deep Convection During Tropical Cyclone Genesis
Authors: Zhang Xiping , Fang Juan , Yu Zifeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNineteen years of high resolution infrared brightness temperature data are adopted to investigate the characteristics of deep convective activities during the genesis and early evolution of tropical cyclones (TC) in the Northwest Pacific. It is found that quasi‐periodic outbreaks of deep convection are common during TC genesis regardless of the large‐scale flow pattern or the magnitude of wind shear. Spatially, deep convection concentrates within 3° of the disturbance center at peak time (when convection is active), and will shrink in coverage and become scattered at trough time (when convection is inactive). At the decay stage deep convection in the central area tends to weaken first. Among the quasi‐periodic cycles of deep convection, quasi‐diurnal cycles are the most distinct feature, followed by cycles with periods of 10–18 hr. The quasi‐diurnal cycles with an early morning peak only account for less than 50%. Statistically the amplitude of deep convection cycles will decrease a bit under shear greater than 9 m⋅s−1, and period length in the range of 12–28 hr decreases slowly with the increase in wind shear and will rise slightly when shear is greater than 9 m⋅s−1. Besides, genesis does not necessarily occur at the peak time of coverage in deep convection, and the oscillatory feature is not an effective indicator of genesis acceleration.
Statistical Analysis of APXS‐Derived Chemistry of the Clay‐Bearing Glen Torridon Region and Mount Sharp Group, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: O’Connell‐Cooper C. D. , Thompson L. M. , Spray J. G. , Berger J. A. , Gellert R. , McCraig M. , VanBommel S. J. , Yen A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Glen Torridon stratigraphic sequence marks the transition from the low energy lacustrine‐dominated Murray formation (Mf) (Jura member: Jm) to the more diverse Carolyn Shoemaker formation (CSf) (Knockfarril Hill member: Knockfarril Hill; Glasgow member: Glasgow). This transition defines a change in depositional setting. Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) results and statistical analysis reveal that the bulk primary geochemistry of Mf targets are broadly in family with CSf targets, but with subtle compositional and diagenetic trends with increasing elevation. APXS results reveal significant compositional differences between Jura_GT and the stratigraphically equivalent Jura on Vera Rubin ridge (Jura_VRR). The data define two geochemical facies (high‐K or high‐Mg), with a strong bimodal grain distribution in Jura_GT and Knockfarril Hill. The contact between Knockfarril Hill and Glasgow is marked by abrupt sedimentological changes but a similar composition for both. Away from the contact, the Knockfarril Hill and Glasgow plot discretely, suggesting a zone of common alteration at the transition and/or a gradual transition in provenance with increasing elevation in the Glasgow member. APXS results point to a complex history of diagenesis within Glen Torridon, with increasing diagenesis close to the Basal Siccar Point unconformity on the Greenheugh pediment, and with proximity to the beginning of the clay sulfate transition. Elemental mobility is evident in localized enrichments or depletions in Ca, S, Mn, P, Zn, Ni. The highly altered Hutton interval, in contact with the unconformity on Tower butte, is also identified on Western Butte, indicating that the “interval” was once laterally extensive.