bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forty-Two Watt I Indirect Cognates of a Four-Bar via Angular-Velocity Graph Coloring
Authors: Lusk Craig 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Linkage cognates are linkages that have the same coupler curve. An indirect cognate is a cognate with a different number of links than the original linkage. This paper presents method for determining Watt chain cognates of a four-bar linkage. The method is based on assigning a different “color” to each link with a different angular velocity at a given instant. Links with the same angular velocity, as in parallel mechanisms, are assigned the same color. The forty-two Watt I cognates described are all four color mechanisms, which somewhat constrains their geometry. They subdivide into seven different groups each of which has a characteristic color pattern with six permutations of that pattern. Four of the cognate groups allow for two vectors to be designated arbitrarily, three of the groups allow for one such free vector choice. Although increasing complexity of a design is not usually advised, it is anticipated that the design freedom allowed by the indirect cognates may have utility for at least two reasons. First, the indirect cognates greatly expand the choices for the location and orientation of the ground link with respect to the coupler curve. Second, if the selected four-bar mechanism’s coupler curve is optimal with respect to a given criteria, the indirect cognates preserve that performance and may be effective starting designs for further optimization.
Primary Resonance in a Weakly Forced Mathieu Equation With Parametric Damping
Authors: Ardister Jamal , Afzali Fatemeh , Feeny Brian F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work we study the primary resonance of a parametrically damped Mathieu equation with direct excitation. A potential application is wind-turbine blade vibration, as aeroelastic effects with a cyclic angle of attack may induce parametric damping, while cyclic stiffening and direct excitation are also known to be relevant. The parametric stiffness, parametric damping, and the direct forcing, all have the same excitation frequency, with phase parameters between these excitation sources. The parametric amplification at primary resonance is examined by applying the second-order method of multiple scales. With parametric stiffness and direct excitation, it is known that there is a primary parametric resonance that is an amplifier under most excitation phases, but can be a slight suppressor in a small range of phases. The parametric damping is shown to interact with the parametric stiffness to further amplify, or suppress, the resonance amplitude relative to the resonance under parametric stiffness. However, without the parametric stiffness, the parametric damping does not enhance the resonance. The phase of the parametric damping excitation, relative to the parametric stiffness, has a strong influence on the amplification or suppression characteristics. There are optimal phases of both the direct excitation and the parametric damping for amplifying or suppressing the resonance. The effect of the strength of parametric damping is also studied. Numerical simulations validate the perturbation analysis.
Geochemistry of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming
Authors: French Katherine L. , Birdwell Justin E. , Lillis Paul G. 
Published: November 2022

The siliceous nature of the Mowry Shale distinguishes it from many of the well-studied organic-rich mudstones of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. Available models of organic enrichment in mudstones rarely incorporate detailed biomarker, bulk organic, inorganic, and mineralogy data. Here, we used these data to evaluate how variations in organic matter source, productivity, dilution, and preservation modulated organic matter accumulation during the deposition of the Mowry Shale, while also demonstrating the benefits of this integrated approach. An organic stable carbon isotope vertical profile for the Mowry Shale is presented to test whether the Mowry Shale was deposited during oceanic anoxic event 1d (OAE 1d), thereby contributing to organic enrichment in the Mowry Shale.
Samples were analyzed from three thermally immature drill cores collected from the Wind River Basin, Wyoming to advance our understanding of the conditions that led to the formation of the Mowry Shale. Results from bulk organic and inorganic geochemistry and biomarkers show that redox-driven preservation is closely coupled with stratigraphic changes in organic matter content in intermediate to distal settings of the Mowry Shale. Biogenic silica dilution decouples productivity and organic enrichment, such that the interval that was deposited during the highest productivity is offset from the interval containing maximum organic content. These findings contrast with previous studies that identified productivity as the primary driver of organic enrichment in distal settings of the Mowry Shale. The middle and lower Mowry Shale contain primarily marine organic matter, whereas the relative contribution of terrestrial organic matter increases in the upper Mowry Shale and overlying Frontier Formation as relative sea level declined and the western shoreline prograded eastward. Finally, the organic stable carbon isotope profile of the Mowry Shale together with recent radioisotopic dating suggest that the Mowry Shale postdates OAE 1d by ∼1−2 million years (m.y.), providing another example of temporal offset between organic matter accumulation in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway compared to other regions that record global OAEs.
Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: real-world comparison between topical treatment with lidocaine 700 mg medicated plaster and oral treatments
Authors: Überall Michael , Bösl Irmgard , Hollanders Els , Sabatschus Ingo , Eerdekens Mariëlle 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPainful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, is challenging to treat. Efficacy and tolerability of the topical lidocaine 700 mg medicated plaster (LMP) and well-established first-line oral medications (OM) were compared in refractory PDPN patients.Research design and methodsThis is a subgroup analysis of a non-interventional, retrospective 24-week cohort study using anonymized routine medical care data from the German Pain eRegistry. Propensity score matching provided 732 datasets per treatment group. Primary effectiveness endpoint was the absolute change in average 24-hour Pain Intensity Index (0–100 mm) from baseline after 4, 12 and 24 weeks of treatment and over the entire treatment period.ResultsThe majority of this multimorbid and polymedicated study population of patients with PDPN had suffered pain for more than a year and presented with a high pain burden despite a median of seven previous analgesic medications. LMP treatment resulted in significant reductions in pain intensity and improvements in daily functioning already after 4 treatment weeks. Effectiveness was maintained over the treatment period even when concomitant analgesics were reduced or discontinued and quality of life improved. Mean change in the primary effectiveness parameter over the 24-week treatment period was −30.2 mm (SE 0.38) and −17.0 mm (SE 0.51) in the LMP and OM groups, respectively. Improvements in all effectiveness parameters were significantly greater under LMP than under OM treatment (p<0.001). Significantly fewer patients under LMP than OM experienced drug-related adverse events (DRAEs; 9.6% vs 61.6%, p<0.001) and discontinued treatment due to DRAEs (4.4% vs 35.8%, p<0.001).ConclusionsLMP was effective and well tolerated in routine clinical care of patients with PDPN. The more favorable benefit/risk profile and greater reduction in intake of concomitant analgesics compared with OM suggest LMP as a useful treatment option for PDPN.Trial registration numberEUPAS 32826.
Canine real-time detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the context of a mass screening event
Authors: ten Hagen Nele Alexandra , Twele Friederike , Meller Sebastian , Wijnen Lisa , Schulz Claudia , Schoneberg Clara , Kreienbrock Lothar , von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Osterhaus Albert , Boeck Anna-Lena , Boeck Konstantin , Bonda Viktoria , Pilchová Veronika , Kaiser Franziska Karola , Gonzalez Hernandez Mariana , Ebbers Hans , Hinsenkamp Julia , Pink Isabell , Drick Nora , Welte Tobias , Manns Michael Peter , Illig Thomas , Puyskens Andreas , Nitsche Andreas , Ernst Christiane , Engels Michael , Schalke Esther , Volk Holger Andreas 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionPrevious research demonstrated that medical scent detection dogs have the ability to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 positive from negative samples with high diagnostic accuracy. To deploy these dogs as a reliable screening method, it is mandatory to examine if canines maintain their high diagnostic accuracy in real-life screening settings. We conducted a study to evaluate the performance of medical scent detection dogs under real-life circumstances.MethodsEight dogs were trained to detect SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR-positive samples. Four concerts with a total of 2802 participants were held to evaluate canines’ performance in screening individuals for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sweat samples were taken from all participants and presented in a line-up setting. In addition, every participant had been tested with a SARS-CoV-2 specific rapid antigen test and a RT-qPCR and they provided information regarding age, sex, vaccination status and medical disease history. The participants’ infection status was unknown at the time of canine testing. Safety measures such as mask wearing and distance keeping were ensured.ResultsThe SARS-CoV-2 detection dogs achieved a diagnostic specificity of 99.93% (95% CI 99.74% to 99.99%) and a sensitivity of 81.58% (95% CI 66.58% to 90.78%), respectively. The overall rate of concordant results was 99.68%. The majority of the study population was vaccinated with varying vaccines and vaccination schemes, while several participants had chronic diseases and were under chronic medication. This did not influence dogs’ decisions.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 scent detection dogs achieved high diagnostic accuracy in a real-life scenario. The vaccination status, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, chronic disease and medication of the participants did not influence the performance of the dogs in detecting the acute infection. This indicates that dogs provide a fast and reliable screening option for public events in which high-throughput screening is required.
Spatial distribution, determinants and trends of full vaccination coverage in children aged 12–59 months in Peru: A subanalysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Al-kassab-Córdova Ali , Silva-Perez Claudia , Maguiña Jorge L 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the spatial distribution, trends and determinants of crude full vaccination coverage (FVC) in children aged 12–59 months between 2010 and 2019 in Peru.Design, setting and analysisA cross-sectional study based on the secondary data analysis of the 2010 and 2019 Peruvian Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) was conducted. Logit based multivariate decomposition analysis was employed to identify factors contributing to differences in FVC between 2010 and 2019. The spatial distribution of FVC in 2019 was evaluated through spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I), ordinary kriging interpolation (Gaussian process regression) and Bernoulli-based purely spatial scan statistic.Outcome measureFVC, as crude coverage, was defined as having completely received BCG; three doses of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, and polio vaccines; and measles vaccine by 12 months of age.ParticipantsA total of 5 751 and 14 144 children aged 12–59 months from 2010 and 2019 DHSs, respectively, were included.ResultsFVC increased from 53.62% (95% CI 51.75% to 55.49%) in 2010 to 75.86% (95% CI 74.84% to 76.85%) in 2019. Most of the increase (70.39%) was attributable to differences in coefficients effects. Family size, visit of health workers in the last 12 months, age of the mother at first delivery, place of delivery and antenatal care follow-up were all significantly associated with the increase. The trend of FVC was non-linear and increased by 2.22% annually between 2010 and 2019. FVC distribution was heterogeneous at intradepartmental and interdepartmental level. Seven high-risk clusters of incomplete coverage were identified.ConclusionsAlthough FVC has increased in Peru, it still remains below the recommended threshold. The increase of FVC was mainly attributed to the change in the effects of the characteristics of the population. There was high heterogeneity across Peruvian regions with the presence of high-risk clusters. Interventions must be redirected to reduce these geographical disparities.
Culturally adapted cognitive behavioural group therapy for mental disorders in refugees plus problem solving training (ReTreat): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kananian Schahryar , Kip Ahlke , Schumm Hannah , Giesebrecht Julia , Nicolai Anica , Schade-Brittinger Carmen , Reese Jens-Peter , Weise Cornelia , Mewes Ricarda , Morina Nexhmedin , Ehring Thomas , Stangier Ulrich 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSince a high proportion of refugees in Germany suffer from mental disorders, culturally adapted treatments are needed that target a broad range of symptoms. There is much evidence for the efficacy of culturally adapted cognitive behavioural therapy (CA-CBT). Given the promising results of CA-CBT, the combination with problem solving training (CA-CBT+) represents a novel approach that potentially improves the refugees’ ability to cope actively with psychosocial problems. This randomised controlled trial evaluates the efficacy of 12-session outpatient CA-CBT+ compared with to treatment as usual (TAU) in a sample of refugees suffering from at least one DSM-5 disorder.Methods and analysisThe present study will be carried out as two-group randomised trial with 1:1 individual allocation to either (1) culturally adapted cognitive behavioural therapy in a group setting (CA-CBT+) or (2) TAU. The study takes place at four sites in Germany, randomising in total 138 adult refugees with at least one primary DSM-5 diagnosis to the treatment conditions. In CA-CBT+ the patients receive 12 sessions of 120 min duration over the course of 12 weeks providing psychoeducation, meditation and other techniques of emotional regulation, stretching and problem solving training. The primary outcome is treatment response operationalised by a clinically significant change in General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) score. Follow-up visits will take place 3 and 9 months after the end of the intervention. Secondary outcomes include changes in psychopathological symptoms, somatic symptoms and quality of life. Intention-to-treat analysis will be performed. Adverse and serious adverse events will be analysed. Further, healthcare usage and economic outcomes will be assessed and analysed. Primary and secondary outcomes will be analysed using appropriate statistical methods.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethics Commission of the German Psychological Society (ref: StangierUlrich2019-1018VA). Results will be disseminated via presentations, publication in international journals, and national outlets for clinicians. Furthermore, intervention materials will be available, and the existing network will be used to disseminate and implement the interventions into routine healthcare.Trial registration numberDRKS00021536.
Perceived needs and health-related quality of life in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Minjie , Zhou Kaina , Huo Lanting , He Xiaole , An Jinghua , Wang Wen , Li Xiaomei 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesWomen with breast cancer have different needs that are various in perceived importance and satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the relationship among perceived needs satisfaction, perceived needs importance with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with breast cancer and determine the intermediary role of perceived needs importance in the relationship between perceived needs satisfaction and HRQoL.DesignCross-sectional design.SettingTwo tertiary level hospitals in Shaanxi Province, China.ParticipantsWomen newly diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited.Outcome measuresThe Needs Self-Rating Questionnaire for Breast Cancer and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey V. 2.0 were used for data collection regarding perceived needs satisfaction, perceived needs importance and HRQoL.ResultsA total of 359 valid questionnaires were collected. The perceived needs importance was negatively associated with physical component summary (PCS) (b=−0.067, p=0.024) and mental component summary (MCS) (b=−0.185, p<0.001). On the contrary, perceived needs satisfaction was positively associated with PCS (c′=0.005, p=0.843), although not statistically significant. Perceived needs satisfaction was positively associated with MCS (c′=0.194, p<0.001) and perceived needs importance (a=0.458, p<0.001). Furthermore, the perceived needs importance suppressed the relationship between perceived needs satisfaction and PCS (a*b=−0.031; 95% CI −0.058 to –0.004) and the relationship between perceived needs satisfaction and MCS (a*b=−0.085; 95% CI −0.138 to –0.043).ConclusionFor women with breast cancer, higher perceived needs satisfaction is associated with higher HRQoL. However, higher perceived needs importance would be conversely associated with lower HRQoL by suppressing the positive association of perceived needs satisfaction with HRQoL. Healthcare providers should pay more attention to those who have high perceived needs importance but low perceived needs satisfaction and fulfil the important needs.
Can process mapping and a multisite Delphi of perioperative professionals inform our understanding of system-wide factors that may impact operative risk?
Authors: Stubbs Daniel , Bashford Tom , Gilder Fay , Nourallah Basil , Ercole Ari , Levy Nicholas , Clarkson John 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo examine whether the use of process mapping and a multidisciplinary Delphi can identify potential contributors to perioperative risk. We hypothesised that this approach may identify factors not represented in common perioperative risk tools and give insights of use to future research in this area.DesignMultidisciplinary, modified Delphi study.SettingTwo centres (one tertiary, one secondary) in the UK during 2020 amidst coronavirus pressures.Participants91 stakeholders from 23 professional groups involved in the perioperative care of older patients. Key stakeholder groups were identified via process mapping of local perioperative care pathways.ResultsResponse rate ranged from 51% in round 1 to 19% in round 3. After round 1, free text suggestions from the panel were combined with variables identified from perioperative risk scores. This yielded a total of 410 variables that were voted on in subsequent rounds. Including new suggestions from round two, 468/519 (90%) of the statements presented to the panel reached a consensus decision by the end of round 3. Identified risk factors included patient-level factors (such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status), and organisational or process factors related to the individual hospital (such as policies, staffing and organisational culture). 66/160 (41%) of the new suggestions did not feature in systematic reviews of perioperative risk scores or key process indicators. No factor categorised as ‘organisational’ is currently present in any perioperative risk score.ConclusionsThrough process mapping and a modified Delphi we gained insights into additional factors that may contribute to perioperative risk. Many were absent from currently used risk stratification scores. These results enable an appreciation of the contextual limitations of currently used risk tools and could support future research into the generation of more holistic data sets for the development of perioperative risk assessment tools.
LIMPER trials: immediate mobilisation versus 2-week cast immobilisation after distal radius fracture treated with volar locking plate – a study protocol for a prospective, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Kärnä Laura , Launonen Antti P , Karjalainen Teemu , Luokkala Toni , Ponkilainen Ville , Halonen Lauri , Helminen Mika , Mattila Ville M , Reito Aleksi 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionOpen reduction and internal fixation with volar locking plate has become the most common fixation method in the treatment of unstable distal radius fracture (DRF). There is, however, no consensus as to whether or for how long a wrist should be immobilised after operative treatment. To date, there have been relatively few studies that have evaluated the effect of immediate postoperative mobilisation on functional outcomes. The aim of postoperative rehabilitation is to obtain a good function and to reduce impairment, recovery time, socioeconomical costs and absence from work. Therefore, there is a need for studies that evaluate the optimal method of postoperative rehabilitation to optimise wrist function and return to work.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective, randomised, controlled trial in which a total of 240 working-age patients who undergo volar plating for DRF will be randomly assigned to either an early mobilisation group or a postoperative 2-week casting group. The aim of the study will be to compare early postoperative outcomes between the study groups. The primary outcome will be patient-rated wrist evaluation at 2 months after operation. A coprimary outcome will be the total length of sick leave. Our follow-up period will be 1 year, and secondary outcomes will include pain, patient satisfaction, perceived ability to work and complications identified at different time points. We expect those patients who undergo immediate mobilisation will have at least as rapid a return to work and function as those patients who undergo postoperative immobilisation, indicating/meaning that there will be no need for postoperative casting.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be conducted according to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials statement. The Ethics committee of Tampere University Hospital has approved the protocol. Ethics committee approval number is R21111, and it is accepted on 7 September 2021. The results of this study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05150925.