bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing public knowledge, attitudes and determinants of third COVID-19 vaccine booster dose acceptance: current scenario and future perspectives
Authors: Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman , Al-Hemyari Sabaa Saleh , El-Dahiyat Faris , Jairoun Maimona , Shahwan Moyad , Al Ani Mena , Habeb Mustafa , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
People with weakened immune systems may not develop adequate protection after taking two doses of the mRNA-combined COVID-19 vaccine. The additional dose may improve the level of protection against Covid-19.

Objectives
Current study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and determents of third COVID-19 vaccine booster dose acceptance among population in the UAE.

Methods and materials
This is online descriptive cross-sectional community-based study conducted among the students and faculty of Ajman University from 25 August to 20 October 2021. The questionnaire, which was in the English language, encompassed two sections containing 22 items. Section one gathered the demographic details of the respondents, while Section two used 13 questions to evaluate the respondents’ knowledge of and attitude to the third COVID-19 vaccine booster dose.

Results
614 respondents participated in this study. The average knowledge score was 44.6% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [41%, 49%]. Better knowledge scores were observed in postgraduates (OR 4.29; 95% CI 2.28–8.11), employees in the healthcare sector (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.05–2.51), participants who had relatives infected with the Covid-19 (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.05–2.02), participants who had infected with Covid-19 (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.43–3.43) and participants who had received first two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.40–3.11). The average attitude score was 70.2% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [69.2%, 71.2%].

Conclusion
Necessary steps should be taken by the government and public health authorities, in line with the local culture, to increase vaccination acceptance and foster positive attitudes towards the vaccine. A suitable approach to this would be to develop an educational framework that could demonstrate the risks of vaccine avoidance or delay to the general population. Moreover, health authorities should pay more attention to the false information being disseminated across the internet, especially social media. Also, healthcare workers should be trained in vaccinology and virology to make sure that they are able to understand important developments in these fields and convey the findings to their patients.
A green strategy to produce potential substitute resource for bear bile using engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jin Lina , Yang Li , Zhao Shujuan , Wang Zhengtao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Bear bile powder is a precious natural material characterized by high content of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) at a ratio of 1.00–1.50 to taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA).

Results
In this study, we use the crude enzymes from engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to directionally convert TCDCA from chicken bile powder to TUDCA at the committed ratio in vitro. This S. cerevisiae strain was modified with heterologous 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) and 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β-HSDH) genes. S. cerevisiae host and HSDH gene combinatorial optimization and response surface methodology was applied to get the best engineered strain and the optimal biotransformation condition, respectively, under which 10.99 ± 0.16 g/L of powder products containing 36.73 ± 6.68% of TUDCA and 28.22 ± 6.05% of TCDCA were obtained using 12.00 g/L of chicken bile powder as substrate.

Conclusion
This study provides a healthy and environmentally friendly way to produce potential alternative resource for bear bile powder from cheap and readily available chicken bile powder, and also gives a reference for the green manufacturing of other rare and endangered animal-derived valuable resource.
Tracheobronchial reconstruction by inverted Barclay’s method for tracheobronchial injury in an 8-year-old girl: a case report
Authors: Suzuki Yamato , Ishizawa Hisato , Kawai Hiroshi , Matsuda Yasushi , Hoshikawa Yasushi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Tracheobronchial injury in children is rare but can be highly fatal in severe cases. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment are required. The appropriate treatment method depends on the extent and severity of the injury.

Case presentation
An 8-year-old girl fell from the fifth floor and was transported to a local hospital. She had a tracheobronchial injury, went into cardiopulmonary arrest during transportation to our hospital. She was revived with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was commenced. Subsequently, we performed tracheobronchial reconstruction by inverted Barclay’s method for tracheobronchial injury. She was switched from VA-ECMO to venovenous (VV)-ECMO 4 days postoperatively, and VV-ECMO was eventually discontinued 27 days after the surgery. The patient was awake and weaned off the ventilator on postoperative day 58. She was discharged 97 days after the surgery.

Conclusions
Tracheobronchial reconstruction by inverted Barclay’s method is the preferred surgical technique when other reconstruction techniques are expected to cause excessive tension on the anastomosis of the right main bronchus.
Rectal cancer diagnosed after resection of isolated brain metastasis
Authors: Tagayasu Yoshiyuki , Miyamoto Yuji , Sawayama Hiroshi , Ogawa Katsuhiro , Kato Rikako , Yoshida Naoya , Mukasa Akitake , Baba Hideo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Brain metastasis of colorectal cancer is infrequent, and isolated brain metastases are more infrequent. Thus, when neurological symptoms, such as paralysis or disturbance of consciousness appear, there is a high probability that the cancer has spread to other organs.

Case presentation
Here, we present a 64-year-old man with a progressive headache, decreased motivation, and aphasia who was diagnosed with a brain tumor in the left frontal region. He underwent a craniotomy, and the brain tumor was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. We performed a colonoscopy and diagnosed rectal cancer without other distant metastases. After whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), low anterior resection for primary rectal tumor was performed using a robotic system. The patient was discharged in good condition and received postoperative adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. He showed no signs of recurrence after 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusions
We described a rare case of rectal cancer that was diagnosed after resection of isolated brain metastasis. A good prognosis was achieved with surgery and WBRT.
The MultimorbiditY COllaborative Medication Review And DEcision Making (MyComrade) study: a protocol for a cross-border pilot cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hynes Lisa , Murphy Andrew W. , Hart Nigel , Kirwan Collette , Mulligan Sarah , Leathem Claire , McQuillan Laura , Maxwell Marina , Carr Emma , Walkin Scott , McCarthy Caroline , Bradley Colin , Byrne Molly , Smith Susan M. , Hughes Carmel , Corry Maura , Kearney Patricia M. , McCarthy Geraldine , Cupples Margaret , Gillespie Paddy , Newell John , Glynn Liam , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , Sinnott Carol 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
While international guidelines recommend medication reviews as part of the management of multimorbidity, evidence on how to implement reviews in practice in primary care is lacking. The MultimorbiditY Collaborative Medication Review And Decision Making (MyComrade) intervention is an evidence-based, theoretically informed novel intervention which aims to support the conduct of medication reviews for patients with multimorbidity in primary care. Our aim in this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility of a trial of the intervention with unique modifications accounting for contextual variations in two neighbouring health systems (Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI)).

Methods
A pilot cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted, using a mixed-methods process evaluation to investigate the feasibility of a trial of the MyComrade intervention based on pre-defined progression criteria. A total of 16 practices will be recruited (eight in ROI; eight in NI), and four practices in each jurisdiction will be randomly allocated to intervention or control. Twenty people living with multimorbidity and prescribed ≥ 10 repeat medications will be recruited from each practice prior to practice randomisation. In intervention practices, the MyComrade intervention will be delivered by pairs of general practitioners (GPs) in ROI, and a GP and practice-based pharmacist (PBP) in NI. The GPs/GP and PBP will schedule the time to review the medications together using a checklist. Usual care will proceed in practices in the control arm. Data will be collected via electronic health records and postal questionnaires at recruitment and 4 and 8 months after randomisation. Qualitative interviews to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and explore experiences related to multimorbidity management will be conducted with a purposive sample of GPs, PBPs, practice administration staff and patients in intervention and control practices. The feasibility of conducting a health economic evaluation as part of a future definitive trial will be assessed.

Discussion
The findings of this pilot study will assess the feasibility of a trial of the MyComrade intervention in two different health systems. Evaluation of the progression criteria will guide the decision to progress to a definitive trial and inform trial design. The findings will also contribute to the growing evidence-base related to intervention development and feasibility studies.

Trial registration
ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN80017020. Date of confirmation is 4/11/2019.
A review of the potential and constraints for crossbreeding as a basis for goat production by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia
Authors: Kuraz Abebe Belete 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this review was to provide and synthesize validated and up-to-date scientific knowledge on the benefits and drawbacks of crossbreeding as a basis for goat production by Ethiopian smallholder farmers. The majority of Ethiopian smallholder farmers and pastoralists rely on goat production for their livelihoods. Ethiopia's goat population is extensive, with eight genetically recognized indigenous goat breeds. These breeds, on the other hand, do not produce exceptionally well, and their contributions to smallholder farmers and the national economy fall far short of their complete output potential.Main body of the abstractIn this regard, during the past many years, numerous goat productivity development programs in Ethiopia have collaborated to design and implement crossbreeding as a basis for goat production by smallholder farmers. Crossing indigenous goats (i.e., Afar and Somali goats) with exotic goat breeds, including Saanen, Anglo-Nubian, Toggenburg, and Boer goats, was done primarily to increase the output of indigenous goats. This crossbreeding plan, however, unsuccessful due to a number of factors, including a lack of baseline production data, poorly managed institutional synergies, and little or no consideration of smallholder farmers' needs, opinions, active participation, decisions, and local practices. In addition, insufficient and poor-quality feeds and forages, the termination and weakness of goat genetic improvement projects, disease and parasite incidence, poor veterinary services, and a lack of infrastructure are all major reasons for crossbreeding failure as a basis for goat production by Ethiopian smallholder farmers.Short conclusionCrossbreeding as a basis for goat production by Ethiopian smallholder farmers was made possible by the presence of vast indigenous goat breeds with diverse performance parameters throughout the country, as well as the engagement of both governmental and non-governmental groups. In contrast, a lack of baseline production data, a lack of well-organized institutional synergies, and little or no consideration of smallholder farmers' needs, decisions, participation, and local practices were the main roadblocks to planned crossbreeding as a basis for goat production by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia.
Development of the ASSESS tool: a comprehenSive tool to Support rEporting and critical appraiSal of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods implementation reSearch outcomes
Authors: Ryan Nessa , Vieira Dorice , Gyamfi Joyce , Ojo Temitope , Shelley Donna , Ogedegbe Olugbenga , Iwelunmor Juliet , Peprah Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Several tools to improve reporting of implementation studies for evidence-based decision making have been created; however, no tool for critical appraisal of implementation outcomes exists. Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers lack tools to support the concurrent synthesis and critical assessment of outcomes for implementation research. Our objectives were to develop a comprehensive tool to (1) describe studies focused on implementation that use qualitative, quantitative, and/or mixed methodologies and (2) assess risk of bias of implementation outcomes.

Methods
A hybrid consensus-building approach combining Delphi Group and Nominal Group techniques (NGT) was modeled after comparative methodologies for developing health research reporting guidelines and critical appraisal tools. First, an online modified NGT occurred among a small expert panel (n = 5), consisting of literature review, item generation, round robin with clarification, application of the tool to various study types, voting, and discussion. This was followed by a larger e-consensus meeting and modified Delphi process with implementers and implementation scientists (n = 32). New elements and elements of various existing tools, frameworks, and taxonomies were combined to produce the ASSESS tool.

Results
The 24-item tool is applicable to a broad range of study designs employed in implementation science, including qualitative studies, randomized-control trials, non-randomized quantitative studies, and mixed methods studies. Two key features are a section for assessing bias of the implementation outcomes and sections for describing the implementation strategy and intervention implemented. An accompanying explanation and elaboration document that identifies and describes each of the items, explains the rationale, and provides examples of reporting and appraising practice, as well as templates to allow synthesis of extracted data across studies and an instructional video, has been prepared.

Conclusions
The comprehensive, adaptable tool to support both reporting and critical appraisal of implementation science studies including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods assessment of intervention and implementation outcomes has been developed. This tool can be applied to a methodologically diverse and growing body of implementation science literature to support reviews or meta-analyses that inform evidence-based decision-making regarding processes and strategies for implementation.
Phyto-factories of anti-cancer compounds: a tissue culture perspective
Authors: Patel Poonam , Patel Vaibhav , Modi Arpan , Kumar Sushil , Shukla Yogesh M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer is one of the most critical but ubiquitous causes of death grappled from past decades. Widely used chemotherapy with cytotoxic activity blocks/ kills the cancer cell. The compounds targeted for anticancerous activity are either derived synthetically or naturally (through plants or microbial origin). Current day, versatile role of plants in medicinal field has been attributed to the secondary metabolites it produces, known for their anticancer activity. Therefore, discovery, identification and commercial production of such novel anticancer drugs is escalated and are centerpiece for pharmaceuticals.

Main body
A biotechnological approach, principally tissue culture, leads the candidacy to be an alternative method for production of anticancer compounds. A wide range of bioactive agents like alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids are in huge demand commercially. Plant tissue culture applications are constructively more advantageous over conventional methods in terms of their continuous, controlled, aseptic production, large scale and de novo synthesis opportunity. Various bioreactors are used for mass cultivation of bioactive compound at commercial level. For example: stirred tank reactors are used for production of shikonin from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, vincristine from Catharanthus roseus, podophyllotoxin from Podophyllum etc. Strategies like callus culture, suspension culture and hairy root culture are opted for mass cultivation of these bioactives.

Conclusions
This review summarizes plant tissue culture as a promising strategy proven to be a colossal breakthrough in reliable and continuous production of existing and novel anticancer compounds and help in combating the increasing future demands.
Taking The Fair Deal to the Fields: Truman’s Commission on Migratory Labor, Public Law 78, and the Bracero Program, 1950–1952
Authors: ROBINSON ROBERT S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
From 1950 to 1952 Harry S Truman invested significant personal effort and political capital in an effort to improve the circumstances of migratory farm workers and to revise the Bracero Program with Mexico. To this end, Truman created the high profile President’s Commission on Migratory Labor in American agriculture in 1950. In its report, the commission recommended extending a variety of social legislation and economic protections to domestic farm labor, and it further recommended slowing or ending the importation of foreign, particularly Mexican, workers. The Truman administration energetically worked to convince Congress to act on those recommendations, even enlisting the support of the Mexican government. However, the power of growers’ interests and the conservative bloc in Congress halted any significant reform. Instead, the Bracero Program was further institutionalized in the form of Public Law 78 and remained in effect for more than a decade thereafter.
Rapid Automated Analysis of Skull Base Tumor Specimens Using Intraoperative Optical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Linzey Joseph R. , Joshi Rushikesh S. , Cha Sung Jik , Srinivasan Sudharsan , Alber Daniel , Kondepudi Akhil , Urias Esteban , Pandian Balaji , Al-Holou Wajd N. , Sullivan Stephen E. , Thompson B. Gregory , Heth Jason A. , Freudiger Christian W. , Khalsa Siri Sahib S. , Pacione Donato R. , Golfinos John G. , Camelo-Piragua Sandra , Orringer Daniel A. , Lee Honglak , Hollon Todd C. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Accurate specimen analysis of skull base tumors is essential for providing personalized surgical treatment strategies. Intraoperative specimen interpretation can be challenging because of the wide range of skull base pathologies and lack of intraoperative pathology resources.

OBJECTIVE:
To develop an independent and parallel intraoperative workflow that can provide rapid and accurate skull base tumor specimen analysis using label-free optical imaging and artificial intelligence.

METHODS:
We used a fiber laser–based, label-free, nonconsumptive, high-resolution microscopy method (<60 seconds per 1 × 1 mm2), called stimulated Raman histology (SRH), to image a consecutive, multicenter cohort of patients with skull base tumor. SRH images were then used to train a convolutional neural network model using 3 representation learning strategies: cross-entropy, self-supervised contrastive learning, and supervised contrastive learning. Our trained convolutional neural network models were tested on a held-out, multicenter SRH data set.

RESULTS:
SRH was able to image the diagnostic features of both benign and malignant skull base tumors. Of the 3 representation learning strategies, supervised contrastive learning most effectively learned the distinctive and diagnostic SRH image features for each of the skull base tumor types. In our multicenter testing set, cross-entropy achieved an overall diagnostic accuracy of 91.5%, self-supervised contrastive learning 83.9%, and supervised contrastive learning 96.6%. Our trained model was able to segment tumor-normal margins and detect regions of microscopic tumor infiltration in meningioma SRH images.

CONCLUSION:
SRH with trained artificial intelligence models can provide rapid and accurate intraoperative analysis of skull base tumor specimens to inform surgical decision-making.
A digital territory to be appropriated: the state and the nationalization of cyberspace
Authors: Koulos Thanos 
Published: March 2022

Next to land, water, air and space, cyberspace is the complex socio-technical setting often called the ‘fifth domain’. Nationalism has taken over the organization of the first four domains, in the form of constructing national states, national territorial waters and national airspace. The basic proposition of this article is that the ideology of nationalism has also infiltrated the fifth domain – cyberspace – in two ways. First, through state-led cyber-nationalism via official government websites that present ‘national’ achievements and propagate the official state positions on disputes about territory, symbols or history. Second, through individual communities who use the internet to sustain a sense of national belonging and/or to promote and disseminate their nationalist ideals. Both ways are important in an online national identity (re)production framework that, in a fluid, global, modern world, functions supportively towards the traditional national identity (re)production mechanisms.This article aims to examine the patterns of the nationalization of cyberspace through an analysis of state-led institutions and government websites that aim to enhance national identity and the sense of national belonging in a globalized world, as well as to propagate official state positions. It will focus on Greek, Dutch, US and Israeli websites. The term ‘nationalization’ in this context denotes the ideological charging of the cyber-footprint of the nation: how the internet produces and re-produces the nation, how the users partake in the national community by way of ‘consuming’ the digitalized national ideology, and the way cyber-nationalism defines people’s sense of belonging.