bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction mechanism between cellulose and hemicellulose during the hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Jia Jiandong , Wang Ruikun , Chen Hongwei , Liu Hantao , Xue Qiao , Yin Qianqian , Zhao Zhenghui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fuel properties of the solid product obtained from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are substantially influenced by the interaction reactions of the lignocellulose components. This study focused on the interaction reactions of cellulose and hemicellulose (represented by glucose and xylose, respectively) and the formation mechanism of the hydrochar through experiments and density functional theory methods. Results indicated that furfural was the main intermediate product of xylose and then converted into benzenes, which were seldom produced from the hydrothermal conversion of glucose. When glucose and xylose were co‐carbonized hydrothermally, more benzenes were generated because glucose and xylose exhibited a synergistic effect in forming alkenes, which were then cracked remarkably into C2H2. Furthermore, C2H2 reacted with furan that transformed from furfural and formed benzenes. The aqueous product of co‐HTC also contained a high concentration of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF). The 5‐HMF could polymerize with benzenes and furfural to form insoluble furan−benzene polymers, gradually aggregating into organic micronucleus. Subsequently, 5‐HMF, furfural, and benzenes in the aqueous phase were immobilized on the surface of the organic micronucleus through surface binding sites, eventually causing the growth of organic micronucleus into hydrochar particles. The polymerization between furan−benzene polymers could also increase the aromatization degree of the hydrochar, thereby enhancing the energy density of the hydrochar.
A hybrid deep learning approach by integrating extreme gradient boosting‐long short‐term memory with generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity family models for natural gas load volatility prediction
Authors: Zeng Huibin , Shao Bilin , Bian Genqing , Dai Hongbin , Zhou Fangyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNatural gas load forecasting provides decision‐making support for natural gas dispatch and management, pipeline network construction, pricing, and sustainable energy development. To explain the uncertainty and volatility in natural gas load forecasting, this study predicts the natural gas load volatility. As the natural gas load volatility has the time‐series features, along with long‐term memory, volatility aggregation, asymmetry, and nonnormality, this study proposes a natural gas load volatility prediction model by combining generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) family models, XGBoost algorithm, and long short‐term memory (LSTM) network. The model first takes the GARCH family models parameters of sliding estimation and meteorological factors as the influencing factors of volatility, and then it screens these influencing factors through the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. Finally, the selected important features are input into the LSTM network to predict the volatility, and the 90% confidence interval of the volatility is calculated. Compared with a variety of single and combined models, the model proposed in this study has an average reduction of 45.404% in the evaluation index of mean squared error. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this study has a good performance and accuracy in predicting the volatility of natural gas load.
Concurrent large spontaneous portosystemic shunt embolization for the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lv Yong , Chen Hui , Luo Bohan , Bai Wei , Li Kai , Wang Zhengyu , Xia Dongdong , Guo Wengang , Wang Qiuhe , Li Xiaomei , Yuan Jie , Cai Hongwei , Xia Jielai , Yin Zhanxin , Fan Daiming , Han Guohong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Large spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) is associated with increased risk of HE in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). This study aimed to evaluate whether prophylactic embolization of large SPSS at the time of TIPS creation could reduce the incidence of post‐TIPS HE in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding.

Approach and Results
From June 2014 to August 2017, 56 patients with cirrhosis and large SPSS planning to undergo TIPS for the prevention of variceal bleeding were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive TIPS alone (TIPS group, n = 29) or TIPS plus simultaneous SPSS embolization (TIPS+E group, n = 27). The primary endpoint was overt HE. TIPS placement and SPSS embolization was successful in all patients. During a median follow‐up of 24 months, the primary endpoint was met in 15 patients (51.7%) in the TIPS group and six patients (22.2%) in the TIPS+E group (p = 0.045). The 2‐year cumulative incidence of overt HE was significantly lower in the TIPS+E group compared with the TIPS group (21.2% vs. 48.3%; HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15–0.97; p = 0.043). The 2‐year incidence of recurrent bleeding (TIPS+E vs. TIPS, 15.4% vs. 25.1%; p = 0.522), shunt dysfunction (12.3% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.593), death (15.0% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.352), and other adverse events was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions
In patients with cirrhosis treated with TIPS for variceal bleeding, concurrent large SPSS embolization reduced the risk for overt HE without increasing other complications. Concurrent large SPSS embolization should therefore be considered for prophylaxis of post‐TIPS HE.
Synonymous mutation in adenosine triphosphatase copper‐transporting beta causes enhanced exon skipping in Wilson disease
Authors: Panzer Marlene , Viveiros André , Schaefer Benedikt , Baumgartner Nadja , Seppi Klaus , Djamshidian Atbin , Todorov Theodor , Griffiths William J. H. , Schott Eckart , Schuelke Markus , Eurich Dennis , Stättermayer Albert Friedrich , Bomford Adrian , Foskett Pierre , Vodopiutz Julia , Stauber Rudolf , Pertler Elke , Morell Bernhard , Tilg Herbert , Müller Thomas , Kiechl Stefan , Jimenez‐Heredia Raul , Weiss Karl Heinz , Hahn Si Houn , Janecke Andreas , Ferenci Peter , Zoller Heinz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in adenosine triphosphatase copper‐transporting beta (ATP7B); however, genetic testing identifies only one or no pathogenic ATP7B variant in a number of patients with WD. Synonymous single‐nucleotide sequence variants have been recognized as pathogenic in individual families. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and disease mechanism of the synonymous variant c.2292C>T (p.Phe764=) in WD. A cohort of 280 patients with WD heterozygous for a single ATP7B variant was investigated for the presence of c.2292C>T (p.Phe764=). In this cohort of otherwise genetically unexplained WD, the allele frequency of c.2292C>T (p.Phe764=) was 2.5% (14 of 560) compared to 7.1 × 10−6 in the general population (2 of 280,964 in the Genome Aggregation Database; p < 10−5; Fisher exact test). In an independent United Kingdom (UK) cohort, 2 patients with WD homozygous for p.Phe764= were identified. RNA analysis of ATP7B transcripts from patients homozygous or heterozygous for c.2292C>T and control fibroblasts showed that this variant caused high expression of an ATP7B transcript variant lacking exon 8. Conclusion: The synonymous ATP7B variant c.2292C>T (p.Phe764=) causes abnormal messenger RNA processing of ATP7B transcripts and is associated with WD in compound heterozygotes and homozygotes.
A path causal model in the association between self‐efficacy and self‐care with quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: An application of the structural equation model
Authors: Fereydouni Fatemeh , Hajian‐Tilaki Karimollah , Meftah Neda , Chehrazi Mohamad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe simultaneous role of self‐care and self‐efficacy in improving the quality of life (QoL) of diabetic patients has been less considered in previous studies. This study was aimed to investigate the path association between self‐care and self‐efficacy with QoL using the structural equation model (SEM).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted with 496 individuals of type 2 diabetic patients aged 35–75 years that were selected consequently from outpatients' clinic, in Babol, the north of Iran. The data collection instruments were demographic, self‐care, self‐efficacy, and QoL scales. The conceptual hypothesized model was designed based on previous evidence and tested by confirmatory factor analysis using SEM and path coefficients were estimated by the maximum likelihood method.ResultsSelf‐care had a significant relationship with employment status, level of education, and body mass index. QoL was significantly associated with economic status and place of residence. Self‐efficacy beliefs had a positive and a direct effect on both self‐care and QoL. But self‐care and self‐efficacy tended to have a nonsignificant positive relationship with QoL. The postulated conceptual path model was acceptable through the SEM goodness of fit criteria.ConclusionThe findings show the fitness of the framework hypothesized structural model in the QoL of diabetic patients and this SEM makes this study unique from others. The results showed that the role of self‐efficacy and self‐care could be considered on the QoL. Therefore, nonpharmacological and supportive methods, such as strengthening self‐efficacy and self‐care, could be recommended as an effective method to enhance the QoL of diabetic patients.
Priorities for a gender‐sensitive sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus (STIs/HIV) services: An exploratory mixed methods study
Authors: Simbar Masoumeh , Rahmanian Fatemeh , Nazarpour Soheila , Ramezankhani Ali , Zayeri Farid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimProviding gender‐sensitive health services is emphasized by the World Health Organization. This study aimed to assess and prioritize the needs for the gender‐sensitive sexually transmitted infections/human immunodeficiency viruses (STIs/HIV) prevention services by a valid and reliable questionnaire.MethodsThis was an exploratory mixed methods sequential study in Shiraz Iran 2019. The first phase was a qualitative study on 37 providers and managers of the services who were recruited using the purposive and then snowball sampling method. In the second phase, following the content analysis of the qualitative data and a review of related literature, a questionnaire was developed and its psychometric properties were evaluated. Then, in the third phase, the questionnaire was used to assess and prioritize the needs through a quantitative descriptive cross‐sectional study on all 290 providers of STI/HIV prevention services affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.ResultsThe finding of the qualitative phase showed gender‐sensitive STI/HIV prevention services should provide gender‐sensitive care and education by the trained personnel and manages with appropriate facilities and equipment. Providing these services also requires supportive policies, intersectoral cooperation, and community capacitation. In the second phase, a questionnaire was developed with 63 items. Assessment of psychometric properties of the questionnaire demonstrated the scale content validity index and ratio (S‐CVI = 0.98 and S‐CVR = 0.87, respectively), as well as the reliability of the questionnaire (internal consistency = 0.972 and intracluster correlation coefficient = 0.910). Results of the third descriptive phase of the study demonstrated the highest priorities for gender‐sensitive education (92.01 ± 11.76%) and care services (92.11 ± 12.04%), respectively.ConclusionsTo improve the quality of the services, a gender‐based education and care process, as well as a gender‐sensitive structure, including gender‐sensitive personnel, facilities, and management are necessary. Recognizing and meeting the needs for gender‐sensitive services will improve the quality of the services.
Decabromodiphenyl ether induces ROS‐mediated intestinal toxicity through the Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Li Shiqi , Yuan Jinwen , Che Siyan , Zhang Li , Ruan Zheng , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used brominated flame retardants as commercial products. PBDEs have been demonstrated to induce hepatic, reproductive, neural, and thyroid toxicity effects. This study aimed to clarify the potential intestinal toxicity effects of decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE‐209) in vivo and in vitro. First, we investigated the change of PBDE‐209 on oxidative stress in the intestine of mice. Subsequently, the potential toxicity mechanism of PBDE‐209 in vitro was investigated. Caco‐2 cells were treated with different concentrations of PBDE‐209 (1, 5, and 25 μmol/L) for 24  and 48 h. We determined the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, multiple cellular parameters, and relative mRNA expressions. The results showed that PBDE‐209 significantly injured the colon of mice, increased the intestinal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and changed the antioxidant enzyme activities. PBDE‐209 inhibited the proliferation and induced cytotoxicity of Caco‐2 cells. The change in ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) revealed that PBDE‐209 caused oxidative stress in Caco‐2 cells. The real‐time PCR assays revealed that PBDE‐209 inhibited the mRNA expression level of antioxidative defense factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, the FAS and Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA expression levels were increased in Caco‐2 cells. These results suggested that PBDE‐209 exerts intestinal toxicity effects in vivo and in vitro and inhibits the antioxidative defense gene expression in Caco‐2 cells. This study provides an opportunity to advance the understanding of toxicity by the persistent environmental pollutant PBDE‐209 to the intestine.
Edge balanced star‐hypergraph designs and vertex colorings of path designs
Authors: Bonacini Paola , Marino Lucia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet be the complete hypergraph, uniform of rank 3, defined on a vertex set , so that is the set of all triples of . Let be a subhypergraph of , which means that and . We call 3‐edges the triples of contained in the family and edges the pairs of contained in the 3‐edges of , that we denote by . A ‐design is called edge balanced if for any , , the number of blocks of containing the edge is constant. In this paper, we consider the star hypergraph , which is a hypergraph with 3‐edges such that all of them have an edge in common. We completely determine the spectrum of edge balanced ‐designs for any , that is, the set of the orders for which such a design exists. Then we consider the case and we denote the hypergraph by . Starting from any edge‐balanced , with sufficiently big, for any , , we construct a ‐design of order with feasible set , in the context of proper vertex colorings such that no block is either monochromatic or polychromatic.
Inhibitory abilities in girls and boys: More similarities or differences?
Authors: Usai Maria Carmen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis brief review examined the literature from 1990 to June 2020 on sex differences in inhibitory abilities from early childhood to adolescence, primarily in individuals with typical development (TD) and individuals with atypical development. The 38 articles included (28 on individuals with TD, eight on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] population, and two on individuals with autism spectrum disorder [ASD]) suggest that the cognitive demand of the task is important, together with contextual factors that may interact with the development of inhibitory ability, for revealing differences between the sexes. The literature has neglected the multicomponential nature of inhibitory abilities, and the emphasis has consequently been placed on response inhibition (vs. other components). The implication of the impurity problem has also been considered. The findings on children and adolescents with ADHD or ASD—even for outcomes that are not conclusive—imply that there is no evidence for a difference in inhibitory abilities between males and females. The literature proposes an asynchrony in the development of inhibitory abilities that may explain what is found in typically developing girls who perform more highly than boys on more demanding tasks.
New geomorphic evidence for a multi‐stage proglacial lake associated with the former British–Irish Ice Sheet in the Vale of Pickering, Yorkshire, UK
Authors: Eddey L. J. , Bateman M. D. , Livingstone S. J. , Lee J. R. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTFormer proglacial lakes provide insight into the temporal and spatial evolution of past ice sheet dynamics and the glaciohydrological systems associated with them. Glacial Lake Pickering was a proglacial lake in North Yorkshire impounded by the British–Irish Ice Sheet. However, geomorphic evidence for its existence and extent is weak and contested. This paper presents, for the first time, systematic mapping of geomorphic features from high‐resolution (50 cm to 5 m) digital terrain model data and undertakes palaeogeographical reconstructions to establish Palaeolake Pickering's extent and levels. Results show only weak evidence for a 70‐m lake. This and the fact that the present landscape configuration is unable to impound such a large lake suggests that it either did not exist or is much older and that considerable landscape erosion has since taken place. There is good geomorphological evidence to support lake levels between 45 and 20 m. The new palaeogeographical reconstructions show these lake levels were initially controlled by the balance between the North Sea and the Vale of York Lobes of the British–Irish Ice Sheet with lower and later levels impounded by the Filey moraine. A multi‐stage Palaeolake Pickering with various extents and levels possibly spanning more than one glacial period has implications for other British–Irish Ice Sheet palaeolake extents reconstructed only from undifferentiated lacustrine sediments and their maximal elevation. The existence of an extensive multi‐phase proglacial Palaeolake Pickering along with other similar ones in Eastern England would have impacted mass loss and frontal dynamics via subaqueous melting and iceberg calving, potentially playing a role in controlling the dynamic behaviour of the North Sea Lobe.
App‐based self‐management of urgency and mixed urinary incontinence in women: One‐year follow‐up
Authors: Wadensten Towe , Nyström Emma , Nord Anneli , Lindam Anna , Sjöström Malin , Samuelsson Eva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the long‐term effect of the Tät®II app for treatment of urgency (UUI) and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI).MethodsLong‐term follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial, including 123 women ≥18 years old with UUI or MUI, without red‐flag symptoms, and ≥2 leakages per week. All participants, regardless of group, had received the intervention, a treatment app, at the long‐term follow‐up. Long‐term data were collected through web‐based questionnaires 15 months after participants received the intervention. The app included pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training, psychoeducation, lifestyle advice, an exercise log, reminders, reinforcement messages, and tailored advice. The primary outcome was a change in incontinence symptoms (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire [ICIQ]—Urinary Incontinence Short Form [ICIQ‐UI SF]), from baseline to follow‐up. Other outcomes were urgency symptoms (ICIQ—Overactive Bladder Module (ICIQ‐OAB)), quality of life (ICIQ—Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life Module [ICIQ‐LUTSqol]), and improvement (Patient's Global Impression of Improvement [PGI‐I]).ResultsOf the 123 women, 102 (83%) completed the long‐term follow‐up. The ICIQ‐UI SF mean score improved from 11.5 to 7.6 (mean difference 4.0, 95% CI 3.2–4.7). The ICIQ‐OAB improved from 6.7 to 5.5 (mean difference 1.3, 95% CI 0.9–1.6) and the ICIQ‐LUTSqol improved from 38.0 to 30.9 (mean difference 7.1, 95% CI 5.7–8.5). Of the 102 women, 74 (73%) reported improvement.ConclusionsSelf‐management with the Tät®II app for UUI and MUI had a significant effect across all outcome measures also long‐term and might serve as an alternative first‐line treatment for these conditions.
Pre‐prostatectomy membranous urethral length as a predictive factor of post prostatectomy incontinence requiring surgical intervention with an artificial urinary sphincter or a male sling
Authors: Oza Priyanka , Walker Nicholas Faure , Rottenberg Giles , MacAskill Findlay , Malde Sachin , Taylor Claire , Sahai Arun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo ascertain whether the membranous urethral length (MUL) is predictive of postprostatectomy incontinence (PPI) that requires surgery such as artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) or male sling (MS).MethodsMen who had undergone AUS or MS for PPI were identified from a prospectively maintained database and compared to a control group of men who were continent at 12 months after radical prostatectomy. MUL in sagittal and coronal planes, sphincter height and width were measured on prebiopsy T2‐weighted MRI scans. Sphincter volume was estimated as an ellipsoid cylinder.ResultsA total of 95 patients (64 AUS and 31 MS) were compared to 60 continent controls. There was no statistical difference in presenting PSA, prostate volume, and T‐stage. The mean MUL in sagittal and coronal planes was 11.31 mm (SD: 2.6, range: 6–17 mm) and 11.43 mm (SD: 2.94, range: 5–17 mm) in patients who had AUS and MS, respectively; 15.23 mm (SD: 4.2, range: 8.25–25 mm) and 15.75 mm (SD: 4.1, range: 8–24 mm) in controls (p < 0.01). No men in the PPI surgery group had an MUL >17 mm compared to 35% (20/57 sagittal, 20/58 coronal) of controls. The odds ratio for requiring surgery for PPI was 13.4 for sagittal MUL <9 mm and 3.2 if the MUL <12 mm.ConclusionsPatients who had surgery for PPI had a significantly shorter MUL and sphincter volume than continent controls. Men with an MUL >17 mm are unlikely to require surgery for PPI whereas an MUL <12 mm significantly increases the risk of requiring surgery for PPI. MUL should be considered when discussing treatment options for prostate cancer.
Subspace method for multiparameter‐eigenvalue problems based on tensor‐train representations
Authors: Ruymbeek Koen , Meerbergen Karl , Michiels Wim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we solve ‐parameter eigenvalue problems (EPs), with any natural number by representing the problem using tensor‐trains (TTs) and designing a method based on this format. EPs typically arise when separation of variables is applied to separable boundary value problems. Often, methods for solving EP are restricted to , due to the fact that, to the best of our knowledge, no available solvers exist for and reasonable size of the involved matrices. In this article, we prove that computing the eigenvalues of a EP can be recast into computing the eigenvalues of TT‐operators. We adapted the algorithm in9
for symmetric eigenvalue problems in TT‐format to an algorithm for solving generic EPs. This leads to a subspace method whose subspace dimension does not depend on , in contrast to other subspace methods for EPs. This allows us to tackle EPs with and reasonable size of the matrices. We provide theoretical results and report numerical experiments. The MATLAB code is publicly available.