bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biomarkers NSE and S100b have high predictive value regarding mortality in children resuscitated after cardiac arrest
Authors: Obling L , Bangshoej J , Liebetrau B , Wiberg S , Gjedsted J , Kjaergaard J , Hassager C , Wanscher M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Children suffering from cardiac arrest (CA) have high mortality due to neurological injury and prognostication tools are sparse. The biomarkers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium-binding protein b (S100b) are known to predict outcome in adult CA, but the use in children is not well investigated.

Purpose
To assess the predictive value of the biomarkers NSE and S100b in children resuscitated from CA the first 72 hours following admission.

Methods
In-hospital and out-of-hospital CA patients, age &lt;18 and comatose at intensive care unit admission, were included consecutively at our hospital from 2011-2021 and analyses of NSE and S100b levels were made at three timepoints following admission: 12 to 24 hours, 24 to 48 hours and 48 to 72 hours. Patients were divided into groups of "survivors" and "non-survivors". The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Biomarker levels in the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Predictive value of NSE and S100b was determined by applying receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves with area under the curves (AUC) presented for each timepoint.

Results
We included 32 resuscitated patients with 12 (38%) patients dying within 30 days from resuscitation, i.e. 20 (62%) patients surviving. 14 patients were male sex and the median age was 15 years (6-16) in survivors. In non-survivors 8 patients were male sex and the median age was 7 years (2-15). Significantly higher levels of NSE and S100b were found in non-survivors compared to survivors at all timepoints following CA (Figure 1). For NSE the ROC curves obtained AUC values of 0.91 (0.75-1.0), 0.97 (0.92-1.0) and 0.98 (0.93-1.0) for prediction of 30-day mortality at the three timepoints. AUCs for S100b were 0.93 (0.84-1.0), 0.94 (0.86-1.0) and 0.94 (0.85-1.0), respectively.

Conclusion
Levels of NSE and S100b in children resuscitated from CA are associated with 30-day mortality and both biomarkers appear to be strong predictors of mortality.
Changes of blood D-dimer level after COVID-19 in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Mukhitdinova O , Alyavi BA , Ubaydullaeva ZZ , Uzokov JK , Mukhamedova MG , Rakhimova DA , Nasirova GA , Orziev DZ 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Covid-19 was emerged in Wuhan and disseminated to the rest of the world. The virus may affect any kind of human organs. Aim of the study was to estimate the blood D-dimer level after Covid-19 in patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods
65 patients who were undergone Covid-19 (mild to moderate severity) without coronary heart disease (CHD; Group 1; aged 42-76 years, mean age 56.8±13.5 years) and 65 patients with CHD who was affected with Covid-19 (Group 2; aged 45-72 years, mean age 57.4±12.8 years) have been enrolled in this prospective study. Baseline characteristics were collected when first admitted to the hospital due to Covid-19, and follow-up characteristics were collected when they admitted to our hospital for the rehabilitation after undergoing Covid-19 in 3 months. Baseline and follow-up anthropometric, laboratory and instrumental data were assessed. All statistical analysis were performed by STATA software.

Results
Mean blood D-dimer level significantly reduced in both groups (from 864 ng/mL to 475 ng/mL in the first group, P&lt;0.05 vs. from 812 ng/mL to 452 ng/mL in the Group 2, P&lt;0.05), however there were not observed statistically significant changes when compared to groups, P&gt;0.05. In the first group mean D-dimer level tended to be higher in men, with high fibrinogen level, and older patients. In the second group, D-dimer level tended to be higher in patients with higher body mass index (BMI) with high fibrinogen level. In the first group in 31% of patients was observed high level of D-dimer (&gt;500 ng/mL) after 3 months whereas in the second group elevated D-dimer level maintained in 28% of patients.

Conclusion
Elevated blood D-dimer level are common after Covid-19, however concomitant CHD does not effect on it. Further studies are needed to reveal mechanisms of it.
Inflammatory profile of ACS reached by COPD in Algeria
Authors: Bouroubi O , Khelifi S , Belkadi L , Guendouz R , Zaabat N , Mehdioui H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
As a common factor of both acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), circulating biomarkers of inflammation may provide a link between these two diseases. The objective of this study was to explore the inflammatory profile of patients with COPD and ACS.
94 men with COPD according to GOLD criteria in stable clinical condition; are included prospectively in the study. Patients was divided into two groups with ACS and without ACS. The levels of circulating CRP, TNF-α and IL6 were determined for both groups.
The results showed that circulating biomarkers of inflammation are higher in the group of COPD patients with associated ACS. The rate of CRP g / l: 8.79 ± 17.12VS 8.83 ± 13.09 in the absence of ACS, TNFα pg / ml: 14.99 ± 28.88VS13.01 ± 16.40 and IL6 pg/ml: 32.66 ± 79.12 VS 23.79 ± 37.99.
Circulating cytokines are significantly associated with ACS, particularly the level of IL-6, which correlates with the presence of ACS in COPD. These results confirm the association between ACS and chronic inflammation of COPD. And that inflammation and more particularly circulating IL-6 seem strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic remodeling in the COPD patient with ACS.
The impact of atmospheric pressure changes on patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Cabeli A , Shuka N , Dado E , Hasimi E , Kondi L , Qordja M , Rrapo A , Berbiu E , Mance D , Simaku A , Begaj B , Dibra A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Changes in atmospheric pressure act as a risk factor instability of atheromatous plaque and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Few studies have shown an association between atmosphere pressure, humidity, wind, sun rays, and cardiovascular disease.

Purpose
To evaluate the impact of atmospheric pressure on patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Methods
This is a retrospective, observational, conducted in a single-center, in the period January-December 2018. We included patients with ACS, hospitalized in CCU, who performed emergency coronary angiography. The diagnosis of ACS was based on clinical, electrocardiographic, and laboratory findings. Data were collected retrospectively using patient records from archived files at the Statistics Center. Baseline demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics were collected. Data on atmospheric parameters, measured at the weather monitoring station, were obtained from the National Meteorological Service database (atmospheric pressure in each district of the country). The number of inhabitants for the respective districts is taken from the National Institute of Statistics.

Results
The number of patients involved was 1165. Significant changes in the average monthly values of atmospheric pressure were accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the number of cases with ACS, as occurred in March-April and October-November (p≤0.05). The highest number of ACS was in October 10.4%, whereas the lowest number was in January 10.6%, with a significant decreasing trend during May-June and the peak in October (p=0.04). A statistically significant relationship was observed between seasonal changes in atmospheric pressure with the number of cases with ACS. The autumn season prevails with 27.9% of the total cases, followed by the spring season with 25.6%, the summer season with 24.2%, and the winter season with 22.3%, (p = 0.04). Most cases in the cold period (November-March) occurred on days with statistically significant changes in Atmospheric Pressure.

Conclusion
The study notes an important relationship between seasonal, monthly changes in atmospheric pressure in relation to the frequency of cases with Acute Coronary Syndrome.
Embolic versus non- embolic acute coronary syndrome. Prognosis differences
Authors: Carmona-Carmona J , Martinez-Primoy IR , Martinez-Nunez R , Sayago-Silva I , Garcia-Rubira JC , Hidalgo-Urbano RJ 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Coronary embolism (CE) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome with current evidence from small case series. In our previous work (n=36), atrial fibrillation was the main risk factor and STEMI the most frequent presentation.

Objetives
In this analysis we compare severity characteristics, management and in-hospital prognosis between an embolic cohort versus a non-embolic one among patients with left anterior descending artery as culprit vessel.

Methods
Observational, retrospective descriptive study of patients admitted in our unit from July 2011 to march 2021 for ACS. The diagnosis of CE was established according to the National Cerebral Cardiovascular Center Criteria. Data were obtained from the ARIAM Andalucia Registry.

Results
646 Patients were analysed (19 embolic vs 627 non-embolic). There were no differences in ejection fraction (EF) (43±9% vs 44±10%, p&gt;0.05) or Killip-Kimbal (KK) stage at admission moment (stage I more frequent in both groups) or use of inotropes or vasoactive drugs. Embolic cohort had more in-hospital complications: worse KK stage (p=0.001; KKII 23.5% vs 15.3%; KKIII 23.5% vs 5.9%), more thrombocytopenia (5.3% vs 0.8%, p=0.046) and higher hsTnT levels (p=0.000). There was more use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in embolic group (21.1% vs 4.9%, p=0.002). Without differences in incidence of cardiac arrest, mechanical complications, bradycardia, hemorrhage or in-hospital dead.
Conservative management was more frequent in the embolic group. Percutaneous coronary intervention was the most frequent strategy in both cohorts (14.3% vs 3%; 85.6% vs 92.3%; p&lt;0.05). At discharge, there were not significant differences in antithrombotic or anticoagulant therapy.

Conclusions
In our series the embolic group had worse KK stage and more need of non-invasive mechanical ventilation. They had no significant differences in EF, other mayor complications nor in-hospital mortality.
Prediction of late complications of acute myocardial infarction in diabetic patients
Authors: Koteliukh M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Kharkiv national medical university

Background
The combination of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in patients, and the prognosis is usually worse than in patients without type 2 DM. Late complications of AMI in the presence of type 2 DM have a negative impact on the viability of patients.

Purpose
To predict the development of late complications in patients with AMI and concomitant type 2 DM.

Methods
A total of 109 ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 2 type DM patients were included. The patients were treated from 01 September 2018 till 31 December 2020. The study involved clinical assessment of the patient’s condition, C1q tumor necrosis factor - related protein 3 (CTRP3) and adropin quantification. Late complications of AMI were included atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular blockage, chronic heart failure 2-3 functional classes, aneurysm of the apex and ventricular, ejection fraction ≤49%. We measured serum-concentrations of CTRP 3 and adropin by enzyme immunoassay. Reference values of CTRP 3 were 315.85 (287.06 – 371.02) ng/ml and adropin – 23.58 (20.86 – 26.29) pg/ml. Qualitative data were presented as percentages; quantitative as median and interquartile range (25 and 75 percentiles). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney rank criterion was used to compare quantitative indicators. Binary logistic regression was used to build a model for predicting late complications in patients with AMI with type 2 DM.

Results
In total, 75 men (68.8%) and 34 women (31.2%) were included in the study. CTRP 3 levels on day 14 in patients with AMI and type 2 DM was determined 262.01 (225.32 – 288.84) ng/ml and adropin concentration on day 14 - 19.97 (16.35 – 20.99) pg/ml according to CTRP 3 reference values (p&lt;0.05). No late complications were identified in 9 patients and 65 patients had late complications. The most important indicators for constructing the model were: CTRP3 quality, adropin quality, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides on day 14 (TG), ejection fraction (EF) on day 14, low density lipoproteides (LDL) on day 14, the size of the left atrium on day 14 (LA). Binary logistic regression was used to obtain a mathematical model in order to determine the probability of developing late complications (P) of AMI: P=[1+ exp(-4.046×Adropin-2.714×CTRP3+6.270×TC-2.988×TG-0.288×EF-7.407×LDL-1.398×LA+19.259)]-1.The accuracy of the model was 94.6%.

Conclusion
This study showed that the use of a model to detect late complications of AMI may in the long term predict the development of uncomfortable cardiovascular events of AMI, accompanied by type 2 DM. Of course, the sample size was relatively small, which should be increased in the future to confirm the findings.
Longitudinal risk of death, hospitalizations for atrial fibrillation, and cardiovascular events following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a cohort study
Authors: Ngo Linh , Woodman Richard , Denman Russell , Walters Tomos E , Yang Ian A , Ranasinghe Isuru 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsPopulation studies reporting contemporary long-term outcomes following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) are sparse.We evaluated long-term clinical outcomes following AF ablation and examined variation in outcomes by age, sex, and the presence of heart failure.Methods and resultsWe identified 30 601 unique patients (mean age 62.7 ± 11.8 years, 30.0% female) undergoing AF ablation from 2008 to 2017 in Australia and New Zealand using nationwide hospitalization data. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and rehospitalizations for AF or flutter, repeat AF ablation, and cardioversion. Secondary outcomes were rehospitalizations for other cardiovascular events. During 124 858.7 person-years of follow-up, 1900 patients died (incidence rate 1.5/100 person-years) with a survival probability of 93.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 92.6–93.4%) by 5 years and 84.0% (95% CI 82.4–85.5%) by 10 years. Rehospitalizations for AF or flutter (13.3/100 person-years), repeat ablation (5.9/100 person-years), and cardioversion (4.5/100 person-years) were common, with respective cumulative incidence of 49.4% (95% CI 48.4–50.4%), 28.1% (95% CI 27.2–29.0%), and 24.4% (95% CI 21.5–27.5%) at 10 years post-ablation. Rehospitalizations for stroke (0.7/100 person-years), heart failure (1.1/100 person-years), acute myocardial infarction (0.4/100 person-years), syncope (0.6/100 person-years), other arrhythmias (2.5/100 person-years), and new cardiac device implantation (2.0/100 person-years) occurred less frequently. Elderly patients and those with comorbid heart failure had worse survival but were less likely to undergo repeat ablation, while long-term outcomes were comparable between the sexes.ConclusionPatients undergoing AF ablations had good long-term survival, a low incidence of rehospitalizations for stroke or heart failure, and about half remained free of rehospitalizations for AF or flutter, including for repeat AF ablation, or cardioversion.
The Cultural Roots of Firm Entry, Exit and Growth
Authors: Erhardt Katharina , Haenni Simon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Can culture explain persistent differences in economic activity among individuals and across regions? A novel measure of cultural origin enables us to contrast entrepreneurial activity of individuals located in the same municipality, but whose ancestors lived just on opposite sides of the Swiss language border in the eighteenth century. Individuals with ancestry from the German-speaking side create 20% more firms than those with ancestry from the French-speaking side. These differences persist over generations and independent of the predominant culture at the current location. Yet, founder’s ancestry does not affect exit or growth of newly founded firms, suggesting that preferences are pivotal.
Demographic history differences between Hispanics and Brazilians imprint haplotype features
Authors: da Cruz Pedro Rodrigues Sousa , Ananina Galina , Secolin Rodrigo , Gil-da-Silva-Lopes Vera Lúcia , Lima Carmen Silvia Passos , de França Paulo Henrique Condeixa , Donatti Amanda , Lourenço Gustavo Jacob , de Araujo Tânia Kawasaki , Simioni Milena , Lopes-Cendes Iscia , Costa Fernando Ferreira , de Melo Mônica Barbosa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Admixture is known to greatly impact the genetic landscape of a population and, while genetic variation underlying human phenotypes has been shown to differ among populations, studies on admixed subjects are still scarce. Latin American populations are the result of complex demographic history, such as 2 or 3-way admixing events, bottlenecks and/or expansions, and adaptive events unique to the American continent. To explore the impact of these events on the genetic structure of Latino populations, we evaluated the following haplotype features: linkage disequilibrium, shared identity by descent segments, runs of homozygosity, and extended haplotype homozygosity (integrated haplotype score) in Latinos represented in the 1000 Genome Project along with array data from 171 Brazilians sampled in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. We found that linkage disequilibrium decay relates to the amount of American and African ancestry. The extent of identity by descent sharing positively correlates with historical effective population sizes, which we found to be steady or growing, except for Puerto Ricans and Colombians. Long runs of homozygosity, a particular instance of autozygosity, was only enriched in Peruvians and Native Americans. We used simulations to account for random sampling and linkage disequilibrium to filter positive selection indexes and found 244 unique markers under selection, 26 of which are common to 2 or more populations. Some markers exhibiting positive selection signals had estimated time to the most recent common ancestor consistent with human adaptation to the American continent. In conclusion, Latino populations present highly divergent haplotype characteristics that impact genetic architecture and underlie complex phenotypes.
Dose–Response Association Between Physical Activity (Daily MIMS, Peak 30-Minute MIMS) and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Zheng Peixuan , Pleuss James D , Turner Dusty S , Ducharme Scott W , Aguiar Elroy J 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the dose–response association between habitual physical activity (PA) and cognitive function using a nationally representative data set of U.S. older adults aged ≥60 years.MethodsWe used data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 2 441, mean [SE] age: 69.1 [0.2] years, 54.7% females). Cognitive function was assessed using the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) and animal fluency test (AFT). Habitual PA was collected using a triaxial accelerometer worn on participants’ nondominant wrist. PA was expressed as 2 metrics using monitor-independent movement summary (MIMS) units: the average of Daily MIMS (MIMS/day) and peak 30-minute MIMS (Peak-30MIMS; the average of the highest 30 MIMS min/d). Sample weight-adjusted multivariable linear regression was performed to determine the relationship between each cognitive score and MIMS metric while adjusting for covariates.ResultsAfter controlling for covariates, for each 1 000-unit increase in Daily MIMS, DSST score increased (β-coefficient [95% CIs]) by 0.67 (0.40, 0.93), whereas AFT score increased by 0.13 (0.04, 0.22); for each 1-unit increase in Peak-30MIMS, DSST score increased by 0.56 (0.42, 0.70), whereas AFT score increased by 0.10 (0.05, 0.15), all p &lt; .001. When including both MIMS metrics in a single model, the association between Peak-30MIMS and cognitive scores remained significant (p &lt; .01), whereas Daily MIMS did not.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that higher PA (both daily accumulated and peak effort) is associated with better cognitive function in the U.S. older adult population.
Social Norms About Handling Financial Challenges &#x2028;in Relation to Health-Protective Capacity Among &#x2028;Low-Income Older Adults
Authors: Samuel Laura J , Wright Rebecca , Taylor Janiece , Roberts Lavigne Laken C , Szanton Sarah L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Despite evidence linking financial challenges to poor health among older adults, effective interventions are lacking. This study examined the experience of living with financial challenges, useful strategies to handle them, and social norms that may constrain options and decision-making.

Research Design and Methods
This two-staged qualitative study recruited low-income older adults from the United States Baltimore City area. First, semistructured individual interviews examined older adults’ experiences and strategies used to handle financial challenges. Then, vignette-based focus groups examined relevant social norms. Transcripts were coded, and hierarchical themes were described using thematic analysis.

Results
Two themes were generated. First, the social norms relevant to financial challenges share a common underlying assumption of personal responsibility. Second, social norms about personal responsibility are inconsistent with the experiences of older adults facing financial challenges, who typically lack control over their situation and face structural barriers to preventing and handling financial challenges. Differences between statements related to norms and personal responsibility were found across six subthemes, including how finances should be handled to prevent financial challenges, the causes of financial challenges, asking for help from community resources, navigating community resources, getting help from family, and cutting back to handle financial challenges.

Discussion and Implications
The disconnect between social norms and the reality of financial challenges among older adults may explain why so many older adults cut back to the point of foregoing necessities. There is an urgent need to strengthen the social safety net and remove normative barriers to services.