bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive mapping of wetland soil types in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region using high-resolution digital elevation model terrain derivatives
Authors: Kiss Jeremy , Bedard-Haughn Angela , Sorenson Preston 
Published: November 2022

Wetland soil types, which can be distinguished based on calcium carbonate content, vary in their effect on ecosystem functions like phosphorus retention, salinity contributions, and greenhouse gas forcing. These soil types may be predictively mapped with machine learning models that use terrain derivatives calculated from high-resolution digital elevation models. Soil profiles from three Saskatchewan study sites were classified into three functional categories—upland, calcareous wetland, or noncalcareous wetland—and used to train random forest models for predictive soil mapping. Multiple terrain derivatives were included as predictor variables to capture local- and landscape-scale morphometry and hydrology influences, including five derivatives developed for this study. Models were developed at three spatial resolutions: 2, 5, and 10 m, and tested via internal cross-validation and independent validation with datasets from previous studies. Predictive accuracies were highest when mapping at 2 m resolution (independent validation accuracy range = 64%–100%) but also successful when mapping at 5 and 10 m resolutions (independent validation accuracy range = 63%–100%); however, visual inspection determined that the maps generated at 10 m resolution were less detailed and occasionally featured questionable discontinuous soil distributions. Three of the five terrain derivatives developed for this study were among the most important predictor variables (first, second, and 10th most important). Models trained using only data from a specific site had slightly better performance than models trained using data from all sites, except in regions where training data were lacking.
Macrophage-Derived 25-Hydroxycholesterol Promotes Vascular Inflammation, Atherogenesis, and Lesion Remodeling
Authors: Canfrán-Duque Alberto , Rotllan Noemi , Zhang Xinbo , Andrés-Blasco Irene , Thompson Bonne M. , Sun Jonathan , Price Nathan L. , Fernández-Fuertes Marta , Fowler Joseph W. , Gómez-Coronado Diego , Sessa William C. , Giannarelli Chiara , Schneider Robert J. , Tellides George , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Fernández-Hernando Carlos , Suárez Yajaira 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Cross-talk between sterol metabolism and inflammatory pathways has been demonstrated to significantly affect the development of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates and derivatives are increasingly recognized as key immune regulators of macrophages in response to innate immune activation and lipid overloading. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is produced as an oxidation product of cholesterol by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and belongs to a family of bioactive cholesterol derivatives produced by cells in response to fluctuating cholesterol levels and immune activation. Despite the major role of 25-HC as a mediator of innate and adaptive immune responses, its contribution during the progression of atherosclerosis remains unclear.

Methods:

The levels of 25-HC were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the expression of
CH25H
in different macrophage populations of human or mouse atherosclerotic plaques, respectively. The effect of CH25H on atherosclerosis progression was analyzed by bone marrow adoptive transfer of cells from wild-type or
Ch25h

–/–

mice to lethally irradiated
Ldlr

–/–

mice, followed by a Western diet feeding for 12 weeks. Lipidomic, transcriptomic analysis and effects on macrophage function and signaling were analyzed in vitro from lipid-loaded macrophage isolated from
Ldlr

–/–

or
Ch25h–/–;Ldlr–/– mice
. The contribution of secreted 25-HC to fibrous cap formation was analyzed using a smooth muscle cell lineage–tracing mouse model,
Myh11

ERT2CRE

mT/mG;Ldlr

–/–

, adoptively transferred with wild-type or
Ch25h

–/–

mice bone marrow followed by 12 weeks of Western diet feeding.

Results:
We found that 25-HC accumulated in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions and that macrophage-derived 25-HC accelerated atherosclerosis progression, promoting plaque instability through autocrine and paracrine actions. 25-HC amplified the inflammatory response of lipid-loaded macrophages and inhibited the migration of smooth muscle cells within the plaque. 25-HC intensified inflammatory responses of lipid-laden macrophages by modifying the pool of accessible cholesterol in the plasma membrane, which altered Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, promoted nuclear factor-κB–mediated proinflammatory gene expression, and increased apoptosis susceptibility. These effects were independent of 25-HC–mediated modulation of liver X receptor or SREBP (sterol regulatory element–binding protein) transcriptional activity.

Conclusions:
Production of 25-HC by activated macrophages amplifies their inflammatory phenotype, thus promoting atherogenesis.
Persistent Asthma Is Associated With Carotid Plaque in MESA
Authors: Tattersall Matthew C. , Dasiewicz Alison S. , McClelland Robyn L. , Jarjour Nizar N. , Korcarz Claudia E. , Mitchell Carol C. , Esnault Stephane , Szklo Moyses , Stein James H. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Asthma and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease share an underlying inflammatory pathophysiology. We hypothesized that persistent asthma is associated with carotid plaque burden, a strong predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events.

Methods and Results

The MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) enrolled adults free of known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at baseline. Subtype of asthma was determined at examination 1. Persistent asthma was defined as asthma requiring use of controller medications, and intermittent asthma was defined as asthma without controller medications. B‐mode carotid ultrasound was performed to detect carotid plaques (total plaque score [TPS], range 0–12). Multivariable regression modeling with robust variances evaluated the association of asthma subtype and carotid plaque burden. The 5029 participants were a mean (SD) age of 61.6 (10.0) years (53% were women, 26% were Black individuals, 23% were Hispanic individuals, and 12% were Chinese individuals). Carotid plaque was present in 50.5% of participants without asthma (TPS, 1.29 [1.80]), 49.5% of participants with intermittent asthma (TPS, 1.25 [1.76]), and 67% of participants with persistent asthma (TPS, 2.08 [2.35]) (
P
≤0.003). Participants with persistent asthma had higher interleukin‐6 (1.89 [1.61] pg/mL) than participants without asthma (1.52 [1.21] pg/mL;
P
=0.02). In fully adjusted models, persistent asthma was associated with carotid plaque presence (odds ratio, 1.83 [95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.76];
P
<0.001) and TPS (β=0.66;
P
<0.01), without attenuation after adjustment for baseline interleukin‐6 (
P
=0.02) or CRP (C‐reactive protein) (
P
=0.01).

Conclusions
Participants with persistent asthma had higher carotid plaque burden and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers, compared with participants without asthma. Adjustment for baseline inflammatory biomarkers did not attenuate the association between carotid plaque and asthma subtype, highlighting the increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk among those with persistent asthma may be multifactorial.
Diabetes and Excess Aldosterone Promote Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Hegyi Bence , Mira Hernandez Juliana , Ko Christopher Y. , Hong Junyoung , Shen Erin Y. , Spencer Emily R. , Smoliarchuk Daria , Navedo Manuel F. , Bers Donald M. , Bossuyt Julie 
Published: November 2022

Background
The pathobiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is still poorly understood, and effective therapies remain limited. Diabetes and mineralocorticoid excess are common and important pathophysiological factors that may synergistically promote HFpEF. The authors aimed to develop a novel animal model of HFpEF that recapitulates key aspects of the complex human phenotype with multiorgan impairments.

Methods and Results

The authors created a novel HFpEF model combining leptin receptor–deficient
db/db
mice with a 4‐week period of aldosterone infusion. The HFpEF phenotype was assessed using morphometry, echocardiography, Ca
2+
handling, and electrophysiology. The sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor empagliflozin was then tested for reversing the arrhythmogenic cardiomyocyte phenotype. Continuous aldosterone infusion for 4 weeks in
db/db
mice induced marked diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, cardiac hypertrophy, high levels of B‐type natriuretic peptide, and significant extracardiac comorbidities (including severe obesity, diabetes with marked hyperglycemia, pulmonary edema, and vascular dysfunction). Aldosterone or
db/db
alone induced only a mild diastolic dysfunction without congestion. At the cellular level, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, prolonged Ca
2+
transient decay, and arrhythmogenic action potential remodeling (prolongation, increased short‐term variability, delayed afterdepolarizations), and enhanced late Na
+
current were observed in aldosterone‐treated
db/db
mice. All of these arrhythmogenic changes were reversed by empagliflozin pretreatment of HFpEF cardiomyocytes.

Conclusions

The authors conclude that the
db/db
+aldosterone model may represent a distinct clinical subgroup of HFpEF that has marked hyperglycemia, obesity, and increased arrhythmia risk. This novel HFpEF model can be useful in future therapeutic testing and should provide unique opportunities to better understand disease pathobiology.
Prognostic Implications of Mechanical Phenotypes in Heart Failure Characterized by 3‐Chamber Strain Echocardiography
Authors: Park Jiesuck , Choi Hong‐Mi , Hwang In‐Chang , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Park Jun‐Bean , Park Jae‐Hyeong , Cho Goo‐Yeong 
Published: November 2022

Background
Heart failure (HF) involves dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV) as well as left atrium and right ventricle. We characterized mechanical phenotypes of HF using 3‐chamber strain echocardiography and compared their clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results
We retrospectively analyzed 3574 patients (median age, 74 years; male 52.8%) with acute HF who underwent 3‐chamber strain echocardiography. Patients were classified as with LV, left atrium, or right ventricle myopathy if their corresponding strain values (LV global longitudinal strain, left atrium reservoir strain, and right ventricle global longitudinal strain) were lower than median cutoffs, respectively. The mechanical phenotypes of individual patients were characterized according to the combined myopathy. The primary outcome was a composite end point of 5‐year all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization. During follow‐up (median, 25.8 months), the primary outcome occurred in 1877 (52.5%) patients. Three‐chamber strain values were independent predictors for the primary outcome. An incremental trend was observed for the primary outcome, along with the increasing numbers of combined myopathy. Each mechanical phenotype exhibited an increased risk of the primary outcome, with the highest risk observed in patients with 3‐chamber myopathy (hazard ratio, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.42–1.96]). The prognostic significance of the mechanical phenotypes was feasible across the conventional HF subtypes stratified by LV ejection fraction. In HF with preserved ejection fraction, the presence of left atrium and right ventricle myopathy significantly increased the primary outcome, regardless of combined left ventricle myopathy.

Conclusions
Assessment of 3‐chamber strain in HF enables characterization of distinctive mechanical phenotypes, which provides an independent prognostic value that may support long‐term risk stratification.
Ultra-Long Transfers for Endovascular Thrombectomy—Mission Impossible?: The Australia-New Zealand Experience
Authors: Garcia-Esperon Carlos , Wu Teddy Y. , Carraro do Nascimento Vinicius , Yan Bernard , Kurunawai Craig , Kleinig Tim , Selkirk Gregory , Blacker David , Barber P. Alan , Ranta Annemarei , Cervera Alvaro , Wong Andrew , Mitchell Peter , Muller Claire , Rice Hal , De Villiers Laetitia , Jannes Jim , Beom Hong Jae , Bailey Peter , Brown Helen , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Wilson Duncan , Fink John , Ang Timothy , Bladin Christopher , Phillips Tim , Hasnain Md Golam , Butcher Kenneth , Miteff Ferdinand , Levi Christopher R. , Spratt Neil J. , Parsons Mark W. , Chew Beng Lim Alvin , Morgan Mary , Collecutt Wayne , Krauss Martin , Tan Aaron , Mahadevan Joshua , Willcourt Matthew , Cervera Alvaro , Bivard Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) access in remote areas is limited. Preliminary data suggest that long distance transfers for EVT may be beneficial; however, the magnitude and best imaging strategy at the referring center remains uncertain. We hypothesized that patients transferred >300 miles would benefit from EVT, achieving rates of functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–2) at 3 months similar to those patients treated at the comprehensive stroke center in the randomized EVT extended window trials and that the selection of patients with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) at the referring site would be associated with ordinal shift toward better outcomes on the mRS.

Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of patients transferred from 31 referring hospitals >300 miles (measured by the most direct road distance) to 9 comprehensive stroke centers in Australia and New Zealand for EVT consideration (April 2016 through May 2021).

Results:

There were 131 patients; the median age was 64 [53–74] years and the median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 16 [12–22]. At baseline, 79 patients (60.3%) had noncontrast CT+CT angiography, 52 (39.7%) also had CTP. At the comprehensive stroke center, 114 (87%) patients underwent cerebral angiography, and 96 (73.3%) proceeded to EVT. At 3 months, 62 patients (48.4%) had an mRS score of 0 to 2 and 81 (63.3%) mRS score of 0 to 3. CTP selection at the referring site was not associated with better ordinal scores on the mRS at 3 months (mRS median of 2 [1–3] versus 3 [1–6] in the patients selected with noncontrast CT+CT angiography,
P
=0.1). Nevertheless, patients selected with CTP were less likely to have an mRS score of 5 to 6 (odds ratio 0.03 [0.01–0.19];
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:
In selected patients transferred >300 miles, there was a benefit for EVT, with outcomes similar to those treated in the comprehensive stroke center in the EVT extended window trials. Remote hospital CTP selection was not associated with ordinal mRS improvement, but was associated with fewer very poor 3-month outcomes.
The Failure of CBDR in Global Environmental Politics
Authors: Kolmaš Michal 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although it is often assumed that the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR) has been the key instrument in structuring normative and practical functioning of the international climate regime, I argue that this principle has never become collectively shared and coherently applied. I propose three interrelated sites of contestation that have prevented this principle from reaching a status of a collectively shared norm: first, developed countries have failed to internalize it; second, developing countries have failed to unite behind it; and third, CBDR’s key tenets have become so fiercely contested that they have prevented coherent political implementation. This dynamic has undermined the legitimacy of the climate regime and disillusioned many members of the developing bloc. Since the CBDR principles are key to a well-functioning climate regime, a radical action by the developed countries must be taken to advance CBDR into a collective shared normative status and political guidance.
Breaking the Links: Natural Resource Booms and Intergenerational Mobility
Authors: Bütikofer Aline , Dalla-Zuanna Antonio , Salvanes Kjell G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper demonstrates that a large economic shock such as an oil boom increases intergenerational earnings mobility among directly affected men, mostly through increased bottom-up mobility, but not for women. Preexisting local differences in mobility or shifts in the earnings distributions do not drive these findings. Instead, changes in relative earnings paid to workers with different skills offer the best explanation. Moreover, we document that intergenerational mobility is significantly higher for the indirectly affected third generation and that the oil boom broke the earnings link between first- and third-generation men.
A Year Older, A Year Wiser (and Farther from Frontier): Invention Rents and Human Capital Depreciation
Authors: Aghion Philippe , Akcigit Ufuk , Hyytinen Ari , Toivanen Otto 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We look at how the arrival of an invention affects wage returns and the probability of moving out of employment for white- and blue-collar co-workers of the inventor. First results suggest that older workers are hurt by the arrival of an invention. This negative effect disappears when we control for education and, in particular, for the time since obtaining the last formal degree, that is, distance to human capital frontier. If anything, this effect is slightly higher for non-STEM than STEM-educated co-workers. This result suggests that retraining programs could be helpful in making the process of creative destruction and economic growth more inclusive.
The Political Economy of Immigration Enforcement: Conflict and Cooperation under Federalism
Authors: Ciancio Alberto , García-Jimeno Camilo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Selection forces often confound the effects of policy changes. In the immigration enforcement context, we tackle this challenge tracking arrested immigrants along the deportation pipeline, isolating local and federal efforts. 80% of counties exhibit strategic substitutabilities in responding to federal enforcement, while the federal level is very effective at directing its efforts toward cooperative counties. We estimate that changes in the profile of immigration cases, and not weakened federal efforts, drove the reduction in deportations following a 2011 shift in federal priorities. Reducing immigration-court discretion and removing their dependence from the executive would have a significant impact on deportations.
Identifying Beliefs in Continuous-Action Dynamic Models: An Application to the U.S. SO2 Allowance Market
Authors: Chen Cuicui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
I propose a new method of identifying firms’ subjective beliefs in dynamic models. In settings where actions are continuous and substitutable in contributing to an endogenous state, I show how beliefs about exogenous state transitions can be separately identified from static payoffs. Applying this method to identifying beliefs about future SO2 allowance prices in the U.S. Acid Rain Program, I find that electric utilities underestimate the movements in the allowance price, leading to compliance strategies that respond too slowly to changing market conditions. Biased beliefs increase an average utility’s compliance cost by equivalently 11.2% of its profits.
The Impact of Retail E-Commerce on Relative Prices and Consumer Welfare
Authors: Jo Yoon , Matsumura Misaki , Weinstein David E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of retail e-commerce on pricing behavior and welfare. Using Japanese data, we find that e-commerce lowered relative inflation rates for goods sold intensively online. We use long time series and historical catalog sales as an instrument for e-commerce sales intensity. The entry of e-commerce firms raised the rate of intercity price convergence in physical stores for goods sold intensively online, but not for other goods, which suggests e-commerce enhances price arbitrage. We estimate that e-commerce lowered variety-adjusted prices on average by 0.9% between 1996 and 2014, and more in cities with highly educated populations.
Productivity, Place, and Plants
Authors: Schoefer Benjamin , Ziv Oren 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Why do cities differ so much in productivity? A long literature has sought out systematic sources, such as inherent productivity advantages, market access, agglomeration forces, or sorting. We document that up to three-quarters of the measured regional productivity dispersion is spurious, reflecting the “luck of the draw” of finite counts of idiosyncratically heterogeneous plants that happen to operate in a given location. The patterns are even more pronounced for new plants, hold for alternative productivity measures, and broadly extend to European countries. This large role for individual plants suggests a smaller role for places in driving regional differences.
Racial Segregation in Housing Markets and the Erosion of Black Wealth
Authors: Akbar Prottoy A. , Hickly Sijie Li , Shertzer Allison , Walsh Randall P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper studies how the expansion of segregated neighborhoods eroded black wealth in prewar American cities. Using a novel sample of matched addresses, we find that over a single decade rental prices soared by roughly 50% on city blocks that transitioned from all white to majority black. Meanwhile, pioneering black families paid a 28% premium to buy a home on a majority white block, after which their homes lost 10% of their value. These findings strongly suggest that segregated housing markets cost black families much of the gains associated with moving north during the Great Migration.
The Value of Managers’ Export Experience: Lessons from the Angolan Civil War
Authors: Mion Giordano , Opromolla Luca David , Sforza Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate how managers help firms grow by entering a new export market. We conduct an event study on the decision to export to Angola using data on Portuguese firms and workers. We evaluate the impact of the presence of managers with experience in exporting to the Angolan market on a firm’s entry success in the aftermath of an exogenous shock: the sudden end of the Angolan civil war. We show that the presence of managers doubles the probability of a firm entering the market. We do not find any significant impact on the intensive margin of exports.
The Effect of English-Spanish Language Contact on North Midland /u/ Production
Authors: Cummings Ruiz Laura D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Monolingually-raised English speakers in the North Midland region of the United States have been found to produce a centralized or fronted /u/, despite it not being a standard feature of the region. The production of this relatively novel sound in bilingual contexts, as is the case of English-Spanish bilingual communities in the Chicagoland area, is not currently well-understood. In order to examine the effect of language contact and phonetic transfer on bilinguals’ speech, 20 adult heritage speakers from the Chicagoland area were recorded while producing /u/ in English and Spanish. 20 formant values at equidistant points from these vowels were taken and then analyzed using a generalized additive mixed-effects model (GAMM). The results of the GAMM and its visualization showed that, overall, the heritage speakers produced a fronted /u/ when speaking English but maintained a backed production of /u/ when speaking Spanish. These results suggest that bilingual heritage speakers are participating in the sound change of the North Midland, while successfully separating its influence from their Spanish speech.