bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, forms, risk factors, and impact of violence towards healthcare workers during the Covid – 19 pandemic in Malawi
Authors: Nyangulu Wongani , Sadimba Christina , Nyirenda Joyce , Masano Angella , Chilinda Elizabeth , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The Covid – 19 pandemic overwhelmed health systems, especially, those with poor infrastructure and limited workforces. Healthcare workers face an increased workload, burnout, stress, and increasing incidence of violence as a direct result of the pandemic. If not effectively dealt with, violence against healthcare workers during the pandemic could derail the public health response. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of violence toward healthcare workers during the pandemic in Malawi. We also described the forms and perpetrators, evaluated the predictors, and determined the impact of violence on healthcare workers.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study in six health facilities across three districts in central and southern Malawi. Data collection took place from 22 February – 27 July 2022. We recruited all consenting doctors, clinical officers, nurses, ambulance drivers, health surveillance assistants, and patient attendants who were present on the day of recruitment. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographic factors and professional characteristics of the healthcare workers. The main outcome measures were personal experiences of physical violence, verbal abuse, and bullying or mobbing during the pandemic.
Results
We recruited 200 study participants and 70.5% were female. The age range was 20–59 with the most common age category being the 25–29 age group (24.5%). The overall prevalence of violence was 93% (95% CI: 88.5–96.1). The prevalence of physical attacks was 5.5% (95% CI: 2.8–9.6%), verbal abuse was 91.5% (95% CI: 86.7–95.0), and bullying/mobbing was 79.2% (95% CI: 72.8–84.6). Being married (OR: 19, 95% CI: 1.9–185.3) and having 6–10 staff members working at the same time (OR: 13.8, 95% CI: 1.8–107.6) were significantly associated with a physical attack. Being married (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.2–18.2), a regular member of staff (OR: 22.6, 95% CI: 1.4–410.4), and working with over 15 people at the same time (OR: 25.2, 95% CI: 5.2–122.7) were significantly associated with verbal abuse
Conclusions
The prevalence of violence against healthcare workers was extremely high during the Covid – 19 pandemic. The levels of violence were higher than pre-pandemic levels in the country and higher than levels in other countries during the same period. We recommend immediate actions to address this violence and inclusion of different stakeholders for a multi-sectoral appaorach.
Highly reusable bentonite clay@biochar@magnetic nanocomposite for Hg(II) removal from synthetic and real wastewater
Authors: Alali Abdulrhman Fahmi , Almojil Sattam Fahad , Almohana Abdulaziz Ibrahim , Almoalimi Khaled Twfiq 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present research investigates the performance of bentonite clay@biochar@magnetic nanocomposite in removing mercury (Hg2+) ions from aqueous media. Bentonite clay@biochar@magnetic nanocomposite was characterized by BET, VSM, TEM, Mapping, EDX, SEM, FT-IR, XRD and Raman analyses. According to the results, the highest uptake efficiency of Hg2+ was attained at pH 6, Hg2+ concentration of 10 ppm, 80 min, and composite dose of 1.5 g/L. In these conditions, the uptake efficiency of bentonite@activated carbon@Fe3O4 nanocomposite and bentonite were 98.78% and 97.67%, respectively, which are remarkable values. Also, the Wmax value for Hg2+ removal using bentonite@biochar@magnetic nanocomposite and bentonite were 66.66 and 60.98 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the uptake process of Hg2+ ions using bentonite@biochar@magnetic nanocomposite and bentonite was spontaneous, physical, favorable and exothermic. Besides, the impact of various divalent ions such as Co2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ was studied on the elimination efficiency of Hg2+ using bentonite and bentonite clay@biochar@magnetic sorbents. The results showed that Co2+ and Zn2+ ions have the highest and lowest interfering effects in the removal of Hg2+. Also, the reusability of adsorbents showed that they have high stability and can be used in at least 5 reuse cycles with high uptake efficiency. Additionally, bentonite@biochar@magnetic was able to eliminate COD, BOD5, Hg2+, As3+ and As5+ with removal efficiencies of 37.5%, 28.9%, 65%, 60.5%, and 50%, respectively, indicating its significant performance.
Study on the influencing factors and profitability of horizontal ecological compensation mechanism in Yellow River Basin of China
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Yuan Liang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Horizontal ecological compensation mechanism provides solutions for cross-domain protection of ecological environment, and the key to its implementation depends on the establishment of a suitable incentive mechanism of economic benefits to influence the conservation behavior of each interest body. In this paper, a static game model with perfect information is used to characterize the game strategies of different stakeholders in ecological compensation in the Yellow River basin and the long-term steady-state equilibrium of their benefit effects. A binary disorderly logit regression model is used to empirically study the regional benefit effects generated by the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism. The level of urban economic development and ecological environment management significantly affects the profitability of horizontal ecological compensation mechanisms in the Yellow River basin. The heterogeneity analysis find that the profitability of the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism in the Yellow River basin is stronger in the upstream central and western regions, which are more likely to produce better ecological compensation benefits as recipients of compensation funds. Governments in the Yellow River Basin should strengthen cross-regional cooperation, continuously improve the capacity building and modernization of ecological and environmental governance in the basin, and provide solid institutional guarantees for environmental pollution management in China.
Microbial Treatment of Landfill Leachate- A Sustainable Wastewater Management Tool
Authors: Jain Rachna , Devi Saravana , Majumdar Dipanjali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wastewater management is a powerful tool for restricting containment and recycling of wastewater upto surface/drinking standard as per end use. The present study is designed to explore the treatment potential of indigenous microflora for effective and efficient recycling of sanitary landfill leachate under in-situ conditions. Three indigenous strains were screened and characterized as MT186162, MT186163, and MT186164. Their i n-situ metabolic potential was observed by augmentation into leachate under optimized culture conditions and depicted in the form of percent reduction in major pollutant parameters viz. BOD, COD, Chlorides, phenols, TDS, and TKN at regular time intervals. In our knowledge, it is the very first study on in-situ leachate treatment by indigenous microflora. Results revealed that bacterial growth correlated well with their metabolic potential ( p>0.01 ). >83% of BOD, COD, phenolics, and TKN were reduced with water quality reaching surface discharge standards after 41 days of augmentation. Microbial metabolic potential varied significantly ( p>0.05 ) in the order of MT186163> MT186162> MT186164 and followed first order kinetics with rate constants k deg - 0.0062-1.131 day -1 and t 1/2 of 0.612-111.7 days. In concurrence, the Leachate Pollution Index of the landfill site also dropped significantly from 13.39 to 5.1-5.2. AMES test exhibits no mutagenicity in the treated leachate samples. The study concludes that isolated strains are pervasive towards leachate contamination and efficiently reduced it upto surface wastewater discharge standards. Hence their potential can be utilized further while designing commercial leachate treatment strategies for wastewater recycling.
Effects of Shenling Baizhu Powder on Pyrotinib-Induced Diarrhea: Analysis of Gut Microbiota, Metabonomics, and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Lai Jingjiang , Jiang Fengxian , Zhuo Xiaoli , Xu Xiaoying , Liu Lei , Yin Ke , Wang Jingliang , Zhao Jing , Xu Wei , Liu Hongjing , Wang Xuan , Jiang Wen , Wang Ke , Yang Shuping , Guo Honglin , Qi Fanghua , Yuan Xiaotian , Lin Xiaoyan , Fu Guobin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Shenling Baizhu Powder (SBP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, which has good efficacy on gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, we used gut microbiota analysis, metabonomics, and network pharmacology to investigate the therapeutic effect of SBP on pyrotinib-induced diarrhea.
Methods
24 Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, SBP group (3.6 g/kg /bid SBP for 10 days), pyrotinib model group (80mg/kg/qd pyrotinib), and pyrotinib + SBP treatment group. A 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the microbiome of rat fecal bowel, metabolic profiles were collected by non-targeted metabolomics, and key metabolic pathways were identified using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The antitumor effect of SBP on cells treated with pyrotinib was measured using a CCK-8 assay. Network pharmacology was used to predict the target and action pathway of SBP in treating pyrotinib-related diarrhea.
Results
In vivo study indicated that SBP could significantly alleviate pyrotinib-induced diarrhea, reaching a therapeutic effect of 66.7%. SBP could regulate pyrotinib-induced microbiota disorder. LEfSe research revealed that the SBP could potentially decrease the relative abundance of Escherichia, Helicobacter, and Enterobacteriaceae and increase the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Bacilli, Lactobacillales etc. In addition, 25-Hydroxycholesterol, Guanidinosuccinic acid, 5-Hydroxyindolepyruvate, and cAMP were selected as potential biomarkers of SBP for pyrotinib-induced diarrhea. Moreover, Spearman's analysis showed a correlation between gut microbiota and metabolite: the decreased 25-hydroxycholesterol in the SBP treatment group was negatively correlated with Lachnospiraceae while positively correlated with Escherichia and Helicobacter. Meanwhile, SBP did not affect the inhibitory effect of pyrotinib on BT-474 cells and Calu-3 cells in vitro. Also, network analysis further revealed that SBP treated pyrotinib-induced diarrhea through multiple pathways, including inflammatory bowel disease, IL-17 signaling pathway, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, and cAMP signaling pathway.
Conclusions
SBP could effectively relieve pyrotinib-induced diarrhea, revealing that intestinal flora and its metabolites may be involved in this process.
Pilot-scale drinking water distribution system to study water quality changes during transport
Authors: García-Timermans Cristina , Malfroot Bram , Dierendonck Cameron , Mol Zoë , Pluym Thomas , Waegenaar Fien , Arends Jan , Walgraeve Christophe , Boon Nico , De Gusseme Bart 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Drinking water (DW) can undergo quality changes during transport through the distribution network. Physical-chemical and/or microbial changes can lead to the development of taste and odor events, and/or regrowth of pathogens. To understand the root causes and study in depth how these changes arise, the use of pilot plants that emulate drinking water distribution networks is essential. Here we describe the design and functionality of a new pilot plant for this purpose. First, we describe the choice of piping material, sensors and instrumentation. Secondly, we show evidence of how the three independent loops (100 m each) of the pilot behave identically when tested for physical-chemical and microbial changes over time. This pilot plant thus allows to test three conditions simultaneously, and to monitor 1) the formation of taste and odor compounds, 2) the regrowth of microorganisms, and 3) changes in dissolved organic carbon composition. Additionally, online measurements of both physical and biological parameters enable real-time follow-up of the pilot, and inner pipe biofilm sampling is possible using coupons. To reproduce different network conditions, temperature, flow rate and pressure are modulable. The temperature control feature presents an opportunity for studying the effect of climate change on drinking water quality, and its modularity and flexibility allows to study the impact of different piping material and source waters on DW quality changes in the distribution network.
Multicomponent Mathematical Model for Tumor Volume Calculation with Setup Error Using Single-Isocenter Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Multiple Brain Metastases
Authors: Nakano Hisashi , Shiinoki Takehiro , Tanabe Satoshi , Nakano Toshimichi , Takizawa Takeshi , Utsunomiya Satoru , Sakai Madoka , Tanabe Shunpei , Ohta Atsushi , Kaidu Motoki , Nishio Teiji , Ishikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the tumor residual volumes considering six degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) patient setup errors in stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) with multicomponent mathematical model using single-isocenter irradiation for brain metastases.
Methods
Simulated spherical gross tumor volumes (GTVs) with 1.0 (GTV 1), 2.0 (GTV 2), and 3.0 (GTV 3)-cm diameters were used. The distance between the GTV center and isocenter (d) was set at 0–10 cm. The GTV was simultaneously translated within 0–1.0 mm (T) and rotated within 0°–1.0° (R) in the three axis directions using affine transformation. We optimized the tumor growth model parameters using measurements of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines' (A549 and NCI-H460) growth. We calculated the GTV residual volume at the irradiation's end using the physical dose to the GTV when the GTV size, d, and 6DoF setup error varied. The d-values that satisfy tolerance values (10%, 35%, and 50%) of the GTV residual volume rate based on the pre-irradiation GTV volume were determined.
Results
The larger the tolerance value set for both cell lines, the longer the distance to satisfy the tolerance value.
Conclusions
In GTV residual volume evaluations based on the multicomponent mathematical model on SRT with single-isocenter irradiation, the smaller the GTV size and the larger the distance and 6DoF setup error, the shorter the distance that satisfies the tolerance value might need to be.
Dentoalveolar, skeletal, pharyngeal airway, cervical posture, hyoid bone position, and soft palate changes with Myobrace and Twin-block: a retrospective study
Authors: Büyükbayraktar Zeynep Çoban , Camcı Hasan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the dentoalveolar, skeletal, pharyngeal airway, cervical posture,hyoid bone position, and soft palate effects of myobrace and twin block appliances. The second aim was compare the appliances in terms of ease of use by assessing the factors that may influence patient compliance.
Methods: : The study included thirty-six Class II division 1 patients (19 females, 17 males; mean age, 12.14 ± 1.23) who had previously been treated in the Orthodontic clinic at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: myobrace (n=18), Group 2: twin block (n=18). The effects of the appliances on the skeletal, dentoalveolar, soft tissue, craniocervical, and other anotomic structures were assessed using 46 measurements, 22 linear and 24 angular, on pre and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs. AudaxCeph 5.0 software (Ljubljana, Slovenia) was used for the analysis. To analyze the changes after one year of treatment, a paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used. Intergroup comparison was performed by using the Student t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: In the myobrace and twin block groups, there was a significant increase in SNB0 (p=0.004, p=0.001), IMPA0 (p=0.005, p=0.001), and a significant drop in U1/SN0 (p=0.021, p=0.005). The lengths of Cd-Gn (mm), Go-Pg (mm), and Cd-Go (mm) increased significantly in the twin block group (p=0.003, p=0.010, p=0.001), whereas there was no change in the myobrace group. Similarly, there was no significant difference in pharyngeal and soft palate measurements in the Myobrace group, but there was a statistically significant decrease in SP length and SP angle in the twin block group (p=0.001, p=0.006). Increases in SN/OPT0 (p=0.032, p=0.001) and SN/CVT0 (p=0.012, p=0.001) were statistically significant in both groups. Myobrace was more difficult to use while sleeping, whereas twin block caused more nausea.
Conclusions: Both appliances can be used for mandibular advancement. The twin block appliance, on the other hand, was more effective and patient-friendly.
Do Environmental Target Constraints of Local Government affect High-Quality Economic Development? Evidence from China
Authors: Fu Yu , Zhuang Haitao , Zhang Xinfang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of local government environmental target constraints on high-quality economic development. We measure the city-level economic high-quality development index, and collate data on environmental target constraints in government work reports of 230 cities from 2004 to 2013. Using the DID model and the instrumental variable method, we find that: (1) environmental target constraints significantly promote the high-quality development of the local economy, when environmental performance is included in the officials’ performance evaluation; (2) environmental target constraints are heterogeneous across regions and have a greater promoting effect on cities in eastern China than in central and western China. The results of a series of robustness tests support these conclusions.
Stakeholder perceptions in Healthcare Delivery Projects: Clinicians and Senior Hospital Management
Authors: Kelly Éamonn V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Research question/issue: Addressing the call of past research, this study examines the differences in perceptions of project success criteria held by clinicians and senior hospital management within healthcare service delivery.
Methodology: A survey with 25 five-point Likert scale questions was used to measure stakeholder opinions of project success criteria relating to project efficiency, organizational benefits, project impact, future potential, and stakeholder satisfaction. The study's target population included over 290,000 clinicians and 36,000 senior hospital managers employed in public hospitals in the United States. The survey was distributed through Qualtrics online research panels. Of the 130 responses received, 76 surveys were used to test five hypotheses.
Research findings/insights: Results reveal significant differences in the criteria that each group considers important for measuring and assessing project success. The study lists 12 project success criteria (eight items for project efficiency and four for project impact) for which the perceptions of clinicians and senior hospital management differ.
Theoretical/academic implications: Before this study, no previous research has explored the contrasting perspectives of different internal stakeholder groups regarding project success criteria within a healthcare setting. This study bridges that gap.
Practitioner/policy implications: The study is important because it adds to the existing knowledge regarding project management by contributing to a greater understanding of the different perceptions of project success criteria from the perspective of multiple stakeholder groups in healthcare management.
Macroscopic Model of Hypogravity-Induced Primate Brain Activity via Identification and Analysis of a Neurovisuomotor Performance Pathway
Authors: Ellison Ryan , Matar Mona , Gokoglu Suleyman , Prabhu Raj 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During long-duration spaceflight, astronauts will experience gravity-transitions (G-transitions) between Earth-gravity (1G) and hypogravity (gravity < 1G), as well as prolonged time in hypogravity environments (i.e., interplanar, the Moon and Mars). The neural substrate underlying coordinated, volitional visuomotor movements like reach-to-grasp is tuned to produce proper movement in 1G. During G-transitions and hypogravity, the brain’s visuomotor control network becomes inadvertently configured through its activity states and interconnections to produce erroneous movements. Thus, the need to identify the brain performance pathways underlying mission-critical behaviors like performing visuomotor tasks and understanding their neurophysiological responses during space travel is critical for astronauts’ safety and mission success. This work utilizes a whole-brain, primate connectome to identify a visuomotor subnetwork, using a novel modularity algorithm. The identified visuomotor subnetwork is analyzed using local graph theory measures, suggesting the parietal cortex intraparietal sulcus (PCIP), superior parietal cortex (PCS), and secondary visual cortex (V2) are structurally positioned to play an important role in network activity and function. 1G macroscopic neural network, neural ensemble models are developed and subjected to emulated hypogravity, analyzed using an unsupervised machine learning technique to cluster simulations into hypogravity-affected and -unaffected groups. Qualitative analyses of region-wise frequency distributions and means between groups suggest the cingulate cortex (CCP), PCS, ventrolateral pre-motor cortex (PMCVL), primary visual cortex (V1), and V2 are hypogravity-affected, producing non-normal neural activity in frequency space. Synthesizing the structural and modeling results, this work suggests PCS and V2 may be viable countermeasure targets, ensuring proper visuomotor performance during and after spaceflight.
Role of OAS gene family in COVID-19 induced heart failure
Authors: Gao Li-Juan , He Zhong-Mei , Li Yi-Ying , Yang Rui-Rui , Yan Min , Shang Xuan , cao Ji-Min 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19, the current global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, can damage the heart and lead to heart failure (HF) and even cardiac death. The 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) gene family encode interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral proteins which is associated with the antiviral immune responses of COVID-19. While the potential association of OAS family with cardiac injury and failure in COVID-19 has not been determined.
Methods
The expression levels and biological functions of OAS gene family in SARS-CoV-2 infected cardiomyocytes dataset (GSE150392) and HF dataset (GSE120852) were determined by comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation. The associated microRNAs (miRNAs) were explored from Targetscan and GSE104150 databases. The potential OAS gene family-regulatory chemicals or ingredients were predicted using Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and SymMap database.
Results
The OAS genes were highly expressed in both SARS-CoV-2 infected cardiomyocytes and in the failing hearts. The differentially expression genes (DEGs) in the two datasets were enriched in cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 related pathways, respectively. The miRNAs-target analysis indicated that 9 miRNAs could increase the expression of OAS genes. A variety of chemicals or ingredients were predicted regulating the expression of OAS gene family especially estradiol.
Conclusion
OAS gene family is an important mediator of HF in COVID-19 and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cardiac injury and HF in COVID-19.