bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine translation of English speech: Comparison of multiple algorithms
Authors: Wu Yijun , Qin Yonghong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the efficiency of the English translation, machine translation is gradually and widely used. This study briefly introduces the neural network algorithm for speech recognition. Long short-term memory (LSTM), instead of traditional recurrent neural network (RNN), was used as the encoding algorithm for the encoder, and RNN as the decoding algorithm for the decoder. Then, simulation experiments were carried out on the machine translation algorithm, and it was compared with two other machine translation algorithms. The results showed that the back-propagation (BP) neural network had a lower word error rate and spent less recognition time than artificial recognition in recognizing the speech; the LSTM–RNN algorithm had a lower word error rate than BP–RNN and RNN–RNN algorithms in recognizing the test samples. In the actual speech translation test, as the length of speech increased, the LSTM–RNN algorithm had the least changes in the translation score and word error rate, and it had the highest translation score and the lowest word error rate under the same speech length.
Is there any effect on imprinted genes H19, PEG3, and SNRPN during AOA?
Authors: Liang Rong , Fang Fang , Li Sen , Chen Xi , Zhang Xiaohong , Lu Qun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAssisted oocyte activation (AOA) has been proposed as an effective technique to overcome the problem of impaired fertilization after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) but the safety of AOA remains a concern. We aimed to investigate if AOA induces imprinting effects on embryos. We used 13 cleavage embryos, nine blastocysts, and eight placentas from 15 patients. The subjects were divided into six groups by tissue type and with or without AOA. The methylation levels of imprinted genes (H19, paternally expressed gene [PEG3] and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N [SNRPN]) were tested by pyrosequencing. We observed different methylation levels among cleavage embryos. The variability was much more remarkable between cleavage embryos than blastocysts and placenta tissues. The methylation levels were especially higher in SNRPN and lower in the H19 gene in AOA embryos than those without AOA. No significant difference was found either among blastocysts or among placenta tissues regardless of AOA. The methylation levels of the three genes in blastocysts were very similar to those in the placenta. Compared to conventional ICSI, AOA changed imprinting methylation rates at H19 and SNRPN in cleavage embryos but not in the blastocyst stage and placenta. We recommend that blastocyst transfer should be considered for patients undergoing AOA duringin vitrofertilization.
MHD dissipative Casson nanofluid liquid film flow due to an unsteady stretching sheet with radiation influence and slip velocity phenomenon
Authors: Alali Elham , Megahed Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The problem of non-Newtonian Casson thin film flow of an electrically conducting fluid on a horizontal elastic sheet was studied using suitable dimensionless transformations on equations representing the problem. The thin film flow and heat mechanism coupled with mass transfer characteristics are basically governed by the slip velocity, magnetic field, and the dissipation phenomenon. The present numerical analysis by the shooting method was carried out to study the detailed, fully developed heat and mass transfer techniques in the laminar thin film layer by solving the competent controlling equations with eight dominant parameters for the thin liquid film. Additionally, the predicted drag force via skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were correlated. In view of the present study, a smaller magnetic parameter or a smaller slip velocity parameter exerts very good influence on the development of the liquid film thickness for the non-Newtonian Casson model. Furthermore, a boost in the parameter of unsteadiness causes an increase in both velocity distribution and concentration distribution in thin film layer while an increase in the same parameter causes a reduction in the film thickness. Likewise, the present results are observed to be in an excellent agreement with those offered previously by other authors. Finally, some of the physical parameters in this study, which can serve as improvement factors for heat mass transfer and thermophysical characteristics, make nanofluids premium candidates for important future engineering applications.
Residual service life of erbium-modified AM50 magnesium alloy under corrosion and stress environment
Authors: Yang Miao , Xing Liyun , Liu Xiaobo , Dong Yuqi , Chen Zhaoyu , Jin Jiliang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Magnesium alloy will decrease strength with corrosion in use, thus affecting their service life. Service life as a structural material under stress and corrosion is one focus of the magnesium alloy used as structural material, and how to improve the residual service life of magnesium alloy is an important scientific issue. The X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests are used to study the residual service life of erbium (Er) effect in the AM50 magnesium alloy in air, distilled water, and NaCl solution. The results show that after rare earth Er addition to the AM50, the white granular Al3Er intermetallic compound was formed. With Er content increasing, the quantity of Al3Er phase was increased and the volume of β-Mg17Al12 phase was decreased. The SSRT results show that residual service life ratio increased with the Er addition compare with no Er alloy in distilled water. However, in 3.5% NaCl solution, 0.5% Er alloy shows the best service life. Moreover, Er addition does not change the alloy fracture mode, which remains quasi-cleavage. The main cause of the decline in service life in magnesium alloys is the change in surface morphology owing to the pitting corrosion nucleation and growth, which affects the stress distribution of the sample. The mechanism of film cracking plays a major role in the fracture process with the Er increased to change the surface morphologies.
Triangulation von Dokumentarischer Methode und Tiefenhermeneutik
Authors: Reischl Julia 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag fokussiert die Triangulation von Dokumentarischer Methode und Tiefenhermeneutik. Dabei werden die beiden Verfahren vor dem Hintergrund ihrer jeweiligen methodologisch-methodischen Grundannahmen vorgestellt, gegenübergestellt und das relationale Moment dieser – unter Bezugnahme auf wesentliche interaktionistische bzw. sozialisationstheoretische Konzeptionen Erving Goffmans – herausgearbeitet, um abschließend den Mehrwert der Methodentriangulation zu skizzieren.
Die Genese des Islam
Authors: Twardella Johannes 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein Ausschnitt aus der Biographie des Propheten Mohammed von Ibn Ishaq mit Hilfe der Methode der Objektiven Hermeneutik analysiert, die „iqra-Erzählung“. Dies geschieht unter der Fragestellung, wie von der Genese des Islam erzählt und Evidenz für dieses Neue zu stiften versucht wird. Die Erzählung handelt von dem Rückzug Mohammeds in die Höhle Hira im Monat Ramadan und von seiner Begegnung mit dem Engel Gabriel, der Mohammed die erste Offenbarung übermittelt. Im Zuge der sequentiellen Analyse wird deutlich, dass einzelne Elemente – das Modell von Offenbarung, die Struktur der prophetischen Rede Mohammeds – so konstruiert sind und insgesamt die Erzählung dergestalt mit narrativer Plausibilität ausgestattet wird, dass Zweifel an dem Neuen, dem Islam möglichst nicht aufkommen. Dies hat Konsequenzen, die bis in die Gegenwart hinein wirken.
Der Eigensinn der religiösen Praxis
Authors: Wevelsiep Christian 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Im Zentrum des Aufsatzes steht die Frage nach der Bedeutung in Kontrast zur Funktionalität der Religion. Einleitend wird das Verhältnis von Religion und Politik skizziert, insofern es den Rahmen religiöser Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten in der Moderne bestimmt (1). Es folgt eine Darstellung der religions- und kultursensiblen Praxis, die gleichsam als ein Leitbild der interkulturellen Pädagogik und der Sozialen Arbeit erscheint (2). Schließlich soll eine funktionalismuskritische Herangehensweise dabei helfen, den authentischen Kern religiöser Praxis zu verstehen (3).
Unpalatable Gods. Jacobi and the Controversies about the Divine in the ‘Sattelzeit der Moderne’
Authors: Danz Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Der Beitrag diskutiert die Rezeption des Werks von Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi in den philosophischen und theologischen Debatten der sogenannten ‚Sattelzeit der Moderne‘. Vor dem Hintergrund von Jacobis Kritik am Gottesbegriff der rationalen Philosophie werden Johann Gottlieb Fichtes und Friedrich Schleiermachers Neubestimmungen von Religion und Gott thematisiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es in den Kontroversen über die göttlichen Dingen um die Sinngrundlagen einer sich modernisierenden Gesellschaft und Kultur geht.
How German Theologians Read and Edited Luther for the Public: Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider’s Luther for Our Time
Authors: Purvis Zachary 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Entstehung und die Wirkung von Luther an unsere Zeit (1817), Karl Gottlieb Bretschneiders vielgelesenes Buch der Auszüge, als Fallstudie darüber, wie moderne wissenschaftliche Theologen und Herausgeber Luther gelesen, kommentiert und anderen Lesern vorgestellt haben: in diesem Beispiel als Rationalist. Das Buch war umstritten. Der Beitrag befasst sich auch mit zwei konkurrierenden Auswahlen von Luthers Schriften, die von den konservativeren Protestanten Friedrich Perthes und Hans Lorenz Andreas Vent sowie den ultramontanen Katholiken Nikolaus Weis und Andreas Räß als Antwort verfasst wurden. Es deutet darauf hin, dass eine stärkere Berücksichtigung solcher Zusammenstellungen und der Arbeitsmethoden der Compiler selbst – als Teil der kritischen Geschichte der Wissenschaft – sowohl unser Verständnis des tatsächlichen Einsatzes der Reformer und ihrer breiten Rezeption durch verschiedene Leser bereichern als auch neues Licht werfen wird über die Polemik des frühen neunzehnten Jahrhunderts.
This article examines the creation and impact of Luther for Our Time (1817), Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider’s much-read book of excerpts, as a case study of how modern scientific theologians and editors read, annotated, and introduced Luther to other readers: in this instance as a rationalist. The book was controversial. The article also looks at two competing selections of Luther’s texts prepared in response by the more conservative Protestants Friedrich Perthes and Hans Lorenz Andreas Vent and the ultramontane Catholics Nikolaus Weis and Andreas Räß. It suggests that greater consideration of such compilations and the working methods of the compilers themselves – part of the critical history of scholarship – will both enrich our understanding of the actual use of reformers and their broad reception by various readers, as well as shed new light on the polemics of the early nineteenth century.
Ignaz von Döllinger on the English Church: from The Church and the Churches (1861) to The History of Religious Freedom (1888)
Authors: Novitzky Vojtech 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Schon als Schüler erlernte Ignaz von Döllinger so hervorragend die englische Sprache, dass ihn später viele seiner britischen Korrespondenzpartner und Freunde für einen native speaker hielten. Seine ausgezeichneten Englisch-Kenntnisse ermöglichten dem Münchner Kirchenhistoriker und Präsidenten der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften nicht nur eine intensive Wahrnehmung und Lektüre englischsprachiger Publikationen, darunter auch politischer Zeitungen und Zeitschriften, sondern auch eine sehr genaue Beobachtungen der kirchenpolitischen Auseinandersetzungen in der Church of England, die er als die faszinierendste aller nachreformatorischen Kirchenbildungen hoch schätzte. Der Beitrag macht zunächst an Döllingers The Church and the Churches aus dem Jahre 1861, sodann an den kurz nach der deutschen Reichsgründung, 1872 gehaltenen Lectures on the Reunion of the Churches, weiterhin an den von Döllinger initiierten Bonner Unionskonferenzen (an denen 86 Kirchenfunktionäre und akademische Theologen aus unterschiedlichen Kirchen teilnahmen) 1874/75 und kurz auch an The History of Religious Freedom (1888) die wachsende Sympathie Döllingers für den anglikanischen Kirchentypus deutlich. Zwar litter stark unter Edward B. Puseys Ablehnung der Bonner Konsensgespräche. Aber langfristig bereitete Döllinger mit seinen zahlreichen ökumenischen Initiativen den Weg für die 1931 vereinbarte Abendmahlsgemeinschaft zwischen Anglikanern und Altkatholiken.
Joseph Armitage Robinson, Glastonbury and Historical Remembrance
Authors: Chapman Mark D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article discusses the relationship of history, theology and mythmaking with reference to the myths of Glastonbury. These related to the legends associated with Joseph of Arimathea’ purported visit to England, the burial place of King Arthur, as well as the quest for the Holy Grail. It draws on the work of Joseph Armitage Robinson (1858–1933), one of the most important Biblical and patristic scholars of his generation who, after becoming Dean of Westminster and later Dean of Wells Cathedral in Somerset, and close to Glastonbury, became a distinguished medievalist. After assessing the development of the Glastonbury legends and the use of early British history made in the earlier Anglican tradition, particularly in the work of Archbishop Matthew Parker (1504–1575), it goes on to discuss their revival in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries especially under the local parish priest Lionel Smithett Lewis (1867–1953). It concludes by showing that while there might be no historical substance in the myths, that there is nevertheless an important history to devotion and piety which is as equally open to theological and historical investigation as the events of history.
Comparative analysis of two methodological approaches to the study of endocrine disruptor alpha-cypermethrin reproductive toxicity
Authors: Shepelska N. R. , Prodanchuk M. G. , Kolianchuk Y. V. 
Published: January 2022

At present, one of the main threats to humanity is undoubtedly endocrine disruptors (ED), since they directly disrupt the processes of ensuring homeostasis, which are identical to the very essence of the concept of health, considered in valeology as the ability to maintain age-appropriate stability in conditions of sharp changes in quantitative and qualitative parameters of the triune flow of sensory, verbal and structural information. Pesticides can disrupt the physiological functioning of many endocrine chains, including the endocrine mechanisms that ensure reproductive health. The study aimed to compare the results of our studies of alpha-cypermethrin reproductive toxicity in the test system for studying gonadotoxic activity with data obtained in the test system "Three Generation Reproduction Study". The studies were performed on male and female Wistar Han rats with two generic samples of alpha-cypermethrin from different manufacturers at doses of 0.2, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg body weight. The exposure lasted 11 (males) and 10 (females) weeks. During the last two weeks of exposure the state of the estrous cycle, duration and frequency of each stage in females was studied. After the end of treatment functional parameters of the state of the gonads in males and the ability of animals to reproduce were examined. In males, the total sperm count, the absolute and relative number of motile germ cells, and the number of pathologically altered forms were evaluated. The results of the study showed that exposure of male and female Wistar Han rats to alpha-cypermethrin at doses of 0.2–3.0 mg/kg during gametogenesis had a toxic effect on the reproductive system characterized by impaired gonadal and reproductive functions. In our studies, alpha-cypermethrin was found to have reproductive toxicity (reduced number of corpora luteum and live fetuses, increased absolute and relative postimplantation death, reduced average weight of fetuses and litters) and endocrine-disruptive effect, having a pronounced antiandrogenic effect on males. Obvious signs of endocrine reproductive disorders (changes in testis and epididymis weight, deterioration in semen parameters, altered length of separate stages of the estrous cycle) were observed in both females and males. However, studies in a test system of three-generations did not reveal a reproductive and endocrine-disruptive effect of cypermethrin, the toxicity of which was recognized as equivalent to the toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin. The obtained results showed higher sensitivity, informative and diagnostic significance of the methods for studying gonadotoxicity than the methodology of reproductive toxicity studies in the test system “Three Generation Reproduction Study”.
Changes in biomarkers of endothelial function in the blood after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lievykh А. E. , Tkachenko V. A. , Kharchenko Y. V. , Shevtsova A. I. , Ushakova G. A. , Zhyliuk V. I. 
Published: January 2022

Clinical evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus can increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and provocation of neurodegeneration. This study was aimed at evaluating biomarkers of glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative modification of proteins, as well as the functional state of endothelium in Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by intracerebral hemorrhage. Experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (230 mg/kg). The intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by microinjection of sterile saline containing 0.2 IU bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Assessed biomarkers included the area under glycemic curve, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, advanced glycation end products, markers of oxidative modification of proteins – aldehyde- and ketonephenylhydrazones, and markers of endothelial dysfunction – homocysteine, endothelin-1, von Willebrand factor and asymmetric dimethylarginine in blood serum. Both rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and rats with intracerebral hemorrhage and diabetes had a significant elevated glycemic control as compared to intact animals. But combined pathology was additionally characterized by an impairment of lipid profile (increased triglyceride level and decreased as total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein) resulting in a rise in the atherogenic index of plasma. A significant increase in the content of the markers of oxidative modification of proteins was observed in both experimental groups. But the rats with intracerebral hemorrhage and diabetes only had higher levels of advanced glycation end products in comparison with intact animals. The highest levels of endothelin-1, as a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, were observed in animals with intracerebral hemorrhage and diabetes. Homocysteine and von Willebrand factor were elevated in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while acute intracerebral hemorrhage did not potentiate the further growth in its levels. Such effect was not accompanied by a marked increase of asymmetric dimethylarginine level in blood serum, although there was a clear trend. In conclusion, the development of intracerebral hemorrhage in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus can intensify the manifestations of oxidative stress, worsen lipid profile, and aggravate endothelial dysfunction. In this case, the pathological process may have the character of a “vicious circle”.
Morphological and physiological-biochemical variability of spore-forming bacteria isolated from the agrocoenosis of winter wheat
Authors: Honchar A. , Tonkha O. , Patyka N. , Lykholat Y. , Patyka T. 
Published: January 2022

From an agrocoenosis of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; phylloplane and rhizosphere of the root system; typical chernozem, soil column measuring up to 40 cm), using the classical microbiological methods, we had isolated soil bacteria and characterized them according to the morphological features as representatives of Gram-positive and spore-forming bacteria of Bacillus sp. genus. In the earing-swelling phase of grain, the screening studies found non-pigmented forms of colonies of bacterial isolates, 19 of which were classified to colonial-morphological diversity of R-type with the diameter of 7 to 13 mm. The analysis of physiological condition of cells of populations of soil isolates revealed technologic specificity according to parameters of spore formation in different conditions and incubation time (up to 48–72 h). We observed 90.0% of free spores in axenic cultures as early as after 72 h of cultivation and no more than 10.0% of prospores in the studied monoisolates with stable morphologic traits. Isolates Н10 and Н45 demonstrated the ability to grow in higher cultivation temperatures (+37…+40 °С). According to environmental рН, isolates were able to grow in рН ranging 4.5–8.0. Differential diagnostic testing revealed that as the source of carbon, with formation of acid, soil isolates used arabinose, xylose, mannitol, glucose, galactose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol, glycerin, dextrin, starch, rhamnose and dulcite (with development of alkaline). There was observed active use of mineral forms of nitrogen: ammonium salt and nitrates, aminoacids and proteins. The isolates hydrolyzed casein, gelatin, starch, and litmus was being reduced in the young during growth in milk with litmus. They also exerted catalase activity and were oxidase-positive. Biochemical testing using API test system determined that the studied isolated bacteria differed by a range of fermentation carbohydrates, reduction of nitrates. In the conditions of submerged fermentation, isolates Н38 and Н40 grew in heightened temperature ranges of cultivation (40 °С) for 48 h (according to fact of spore development). Therefore, according to the key morphologic and biochemical traits, strains Н3, Н10, Н13, Н36, Н38, Н40, Н43, Н45 were similar to such of reference strain B. subtilis 8A, and were identified to Bacillus sp., species B. subtilis.