bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acaricides Against Two Spotted Spider Mite in Zamora, Michoacan, Mexico, 1990
Authors: Garcia-Garcia D. , Guerrero-Rodriguez E. , Landeros-Flores J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied on 28 Mar on 4m furrow plots (20 plants); 7 acaricides in a randomized complete block design with an untreated furrow buffer strip around each plot. Acaricides were applied at a rate of 600 liter/ha, using a motorized sprayer 121 liter capacity. ‘Chandler’ strawberry variety was used when plants had 250 days post transplant under irrigation at El Valenciano ranch and there were no unusual conditions during the test, temperatures were generally warm without rain. There were 8 samples post treatment every 3 days. The number of mites were counted from 5 randomly chosen plants and 5 leaves/plant for each replication (100 leaflets/treatment). Natural populations of spider mites were high and reasonably well distributed. Data were analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test, and by comparing pretreatment means with post-treatmenlt means using the Henderson and Tilton formula. The spider mite species present during the test was identified by mounting them on a glass slide for microscopic examination.
Sweetpotato Whitefly Control on Broccoli, 1991
Authors: Rethwisch M.D. , McDaniel C.W. , Shaw M. , Theissen J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven insecticide treatments were applied to 2 leaf broccoli located near Yuma, AZ, on 13 Sep. Broccoli was double rowed on beds with 42 inch centers. Treatments were made with a back-pack CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 76.9 gal/acre at 35 psi with two T-Jet 8002VS nozzles with one nozzle over each row resulting in a very concentrated spray approximately 4 inches wide, Nozzles were angled to cause plants to bend over when treated, providing some leaf underside coverage. Water for all treatments was buffered with Buffer PS at 0.5%. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of 25 ft of bed. Populations of SPWF were high during this study with the underside of leaves almost grey with eggs when treatments were applied. Adult SPWF were present and migrating through the field.
Potato Leafhopper Efficacy Trials, 1976
Authors: Pedigo Larry P. , Hammond Ron 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty soybean plots (Var. Corsoy) were located 3 miles southwest of Ames, Iowa. Each plot measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and was bordered by 2 buffer rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 3 blocks each with 10 treatments. Treatments were applied in-furrow at planting on May 20. Granular insecticides were applied with a 2- row John Deere 71 flex planter. Plants emerged June 1, were rotary hoed June 4, and cultivated June 22 and July 16. Plots were sampled (10-ft2/plot) with a D-Vac vacuum insect net (1-ft2 sampling core) on June 17 (17-days post-emergence, plants with 2 trifoliate leaves), June 30 (30-days post-emergence, 6 trifoliate leaves), July 15 (45-days post-emergence, beginning bloom) and August 3(63-days postemergence, pods beginning to form). Samples were examined for potato leafhoppers in the laboratory. Stand counts were taken and plants examined for visual signs of phytotoxicity, viz., discoloration of leaves and stunting of plants on June 17. Violent storms with heavy rain, wind and hail occurred on June 13, 2 days before the first sampling date.
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ALASKENSIS

CONTROL WITH DIMILIN ON WHITE SPRUCE, 1976
Authors: Valovage Walter D. , Lulman Herbert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On June 7 , branches on field trees of white spruce were sprayed to the drip point with 1 of 6 treatments; tap water (check), 0 . 2 5 , 2 . 5 , 25, 250, and 2500 ppm a . i . Dimilin W-25. There was a mixed population of ten 2nd and 3rd instar yellowheaded spruce larvae on each branch. Dacron mesh bags were placed over the branches to contain the larvae. Three replicate branches, each replicate branch on a different tree, were used for the Dimilin treatments and 6 replicate branches, each on a different tree, were used for checks. Mortality counts were taken 10 days after treatment., On June 8 , a second experiment was conducted using 3-year old potted white spruce trees. Each tree had a mixed population of 3rd and 4th instar larvae and was sprayed to the drip point with the same treatments as above. Again, 3 replicate trees were used for each Dimilin treatment, 6 replicate trees for checks, and a dacron mesh bag was placed over each tree to contain the larvae. Mortality counts were taken 11 days after treatment.
Fall Armyworm Control on Bermuda Grass, 1976
Authors: Karne Miles , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted evaluating seven chemicals and one microbial agent. Each treatment consisted of 25' × 25' area replicated three times using a complete randomized block design. Each 25' × 25' treatment was separated by a 10' buffer zone. Treatments were applied using a John Bean sprayer 55, series L-1565-2 and a 785 John Bean SpraymasterR deluxe gun which delivered 16 gal/plot at 100 psi. Test 1 was treated on Aug 16 and test 2 on Aug 19. S. frugiperda control was determined by randomly examining 1 sq. ft . from four locations in each treatment. S. frugiperda larvae ranged from 3rd to 5th instar. A pretreatment count consisted of 15 samples of 1 sq ft each from the test area.
Evaluation of Insecticides To Control Honey Bees and The Greater Wax Moth
Authors: Lehnert Thor , Shimanuki H. , Cowley Bryant M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although the honey bee is a valuable pollinator and should be protected from pesticides, colonies must sometimes be destroyed because of infectious diseases. The greater wax moth causes considerable damage every year to stored combs. Also accidental introductions into the United Stares of the Africanized honey bee from South America may have to be eradicated. Tests were made in 71 -m3 trailers. Approximately 100 adult honey bees each in round 1-pt ice cream cartons that had the inner lids punched out and replaced with 25-mesh nylon netting were located in the center of the trailer. Bees were supplied with dry sugar cubes and a sponge with water before and after the test. Wax moth egg clusters (1-7 days old) were exposed similarly in 60-mm petri dishes. Insecticides were applied as aerosols or dusts. Aerosols were formulated with 50% Freon 11 and 50% Freon 12 and dispensed by an operator who walked the length of the trailer and moved the container from side to side. Actual dosage was determined by weighing the container before and after dispensing the aerosol. Dusts were prepared by dissolving technical material in methylene chloride to form a slurry with the carrier. Hi Sil 233, and evaporating the solvent. The formulations were preweighed and dispensed by CO2 gun by an operator standing at the entrance of the trailer. The average temperature during testing was 25° C.
Crotoxyphos/Pyrethrin/Repellent Spray Formulation For Equine House Fly and Stable Fly Control, 1976
Authors: Bay D. E. , White Sandy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifteen mature horses, averaging ca 272 kg, were randomly assigned to individually isolated untreated control, treated control and experimental groups, respectively. All animals were maintained on a commercial preparation of horse and mule feed containing ground corn, bran, alfalfa pellets, and molasses. Prairie hay and water were supplied adlibitum. Experimental animals were lightly sprayed at a rate of ca 60 ml/head with a 1:7 aqueous solution of an emulsifiable concentrate formulation consisting of 2.30% crotoxyphos (Ciodrin) i n secticide/ 1.20% pyrethrins and 2.40% piperonyl butoxide/40.00% butoxy polypropylene glycol (Stabilene fly repellent) and 4.00% pyrocide intermediates 5192 (Code SD 4294 5-11-12-1 ECH). Treated controls were also lightly sprayed at the rate of ca 60 ml/head with an undiluted solution of commercially available Super Swan fly repellent. House fly and stable counts were made on each animal 24 and 48 hr prior to treatment at ca 1:00 p.m. Treated horses were sprayed on August 13'76 at 9:00 a.m. Subsequent house fly and stable fly evaluations were conducted on each animal 1,3,6,24,48,72, and 96 hr posttreatment.
Apple Insect and Mite Control, 1976
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to apple trees as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at a rate of ca 250 gal per acre in Test 1 and 350 gal per acre in Tests 2 and 3. The trees in Test 1 at Monmouth, Maine, were sprayed on May 25 (petal fall), June 3, 17, July 2, 14, 29, and August 13; and the trees in Tests 2 and 3 at Winthrop, Maine, were treated on May 30 (petal fall), June 5, 2 1 , July 6, 19, August 2 and 16. Each material was applied on all dates except as noted in Tables. The fungicide program consisted of Difolatan 4F (4 qt/100 gal) at half-inch green and Polyram 80W (2 lb/100 gal) at each cover; Polyram was tank-mixed with each treatment. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 4 Mcintosh cultivars per treatment in Tests 1 and 3 and 1 Red Delicious, 2 Cortland, and 1 Mcintosh per treatment in Test 2. Except for the test trees, these orchards were unsprayed. On August 30, 3/4 box of apples was picked from each tree and ca 500-600 apples were examined per treatment on August 30-September 11 for external egg punctures (apple magot), egg-laying scars (plum curculio), and typical feeding injuries (codling moth and lesser appleworm). Apples with maggot egg punctures were sliced to determine success of egg hatch and/or of maggot survival (success indicated by a larval penetration of more than 1/4 inch). European red mites were counted on 25 leaves per tree collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. The leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Except for apple maggot and plum curculio, no pest population exerted serious pressure. July and early August were unusually wet.
Minor Use Clearances and the Ir-4 Project
Authors: Guest R. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
When considering the function of the IR-4 Project, it is useful to first review the organization of the project in order to better understand the state-federal interrelationships involved. Interregional Research Project No. 4, or the IR-4 Project, was established in 1963 as a national program to compile required data and other information in order to obtain tolerances and to assist in registering pesticide labels for so-called “minor” or “specialty” use agricultural commodities. The Project is approved by the Committee of Nine of the state agricultural experiment stations (SAES) and is funded through USDA-CSRS with federal appropriations. The Project is administered by a Technical Committee representing SAES and consistsof four administrative advisors, five technical advisors and several consultants representing i n dustry, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Project has been substantially enlarged in the past three years, a move necessitated as a result of the 1972 amendment to Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) requiring registration of those minor or specialty use pesticides that were not explicitly indicated on the label or labelling package. There is now a professional staff of seven scientists at the Project headquarters at Rutgers University. These coordinators are assisted by one liaison representative in each state, 12 liaison representatives in USDA-ARS, and a leader laboratory consisting of a laboratory d i rector and regional coordinator in each region.
Citrus, D. Abbreviatus Control, Plymouth, Florida, 1976
Authors: Schroeder W. J. , Lyon D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each insecticide treatment was applied to 5 citrus trees (tree height ca 8 ft) by a hydraulic sprayer as a dilute solution sprayed to drip. Two hours after treatment, field-collected adult weevils were caged on sprayed trees, 5 weevils/cage. Weevil mortality counts were made after 1- and 3-day exposure. Additional cages were added at 3, 6, 9, and 12 days posttreatment when an insecticide demonstrated residual activity. Tests were conducted in September-October, the period of peak weevil activity.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliage Application of Insecticides, 1976
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted, 10 inch spacing in 3 foot rows on March 3, 1976. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack, handoperated compressed air sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. A Root-Lowell rotary hand duster was utilized for the single dust. All treatments except Di-Syston were made on May 20, 27, June 7, 14 and 23, 1976. Only 2 sprays of Di-Syston were applied (each at 3 lb ai/acre); one on May 3 about 7 days after initial plant emergence and the other on June 14. The relative effectiveness of the various treatments was evaluated by counting the number of potato beetle larvae on 10 plants in each plot or by foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were categorized as follows: 1) Only occasional chewing, necessary to look very close to see evidences of feeding damage; 2) Visible signs of chewing but less than 10% of the leaves severely damaged; 3) Severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4) Severe feeding on 50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of foliage severely injured; plants nearly defoliated; and Def. - Plants completely defoliated. Yields were taken July 7.
Potato Leafhopper Efficacy Trials on Alfalfa, 1976
Authors: Pedigo Larry P. , Hammond Ron 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two plots were located 3 miles west of Ames, Iowa on first-year alfalfa. Plots measured 200 ft by 200 ft, with a sampling area 50 ft by 50 ft located in the center. This area was subdivided in 4 quadrants, each being a sampling location. One of the large plots was treated with Supracide on June 26 using a Broyhill sprayer at a rate of 0.50 a.i./a. Liquid output was 20 gal/acre using Tee Jet 8003 nozzles. Each quadrant was randomly sampled (10 ft2/sampling location) with a D-Vac vacuum insect net on June 25 (pretreatment), June 27 (1-day post-treatment), June 29 (3-day post-treatment), July 2 (7-day post-treatment) and July 9 (14-day post-treatment). Samples were examined for potato leafhoppers in the laboratory. Plants were observed for phytotoxicity symptoms, viz., discoloration of leaves, on all sampling dates. Cutting of alfalfa occurred on June 7 and July 12.
Control of Corn Borers in Field Corn In Nebraska, 1976
Authors: Witkowski J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to non-irrigated corn plots in Cedar County, Nebraska in June 1976. Granular insecticides were applied on June 26 with a specially modified Hagie Hi-boy with mounted granular applicators. Plots were 2 rows wide and 1,000 ft long with a single buffer row between treatments. Liquid insecticides were applied on June 28 with a specially designed back pack sprayer delivering 33 gals/acre at 3 mph and at 30 psi. Plots were 2 rows wide and 100 ft long, with a single buffer row between treatments. Experimental design in both tests was randomized complete block with three replications. On August 3 and 4, corn plants from each replication were split in half from the tassel to the ground, examined, and number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Furdan Versus Counter As A Planting Time Rootworm Insecticide in Cornfields Having A History of Furadan Usage, 1976
Authors: Witkowski J. F. , Mayo Z. B. , Keith D. L. , Miller T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting time applications of Furadan and Counter insecticides were applied to cornfields for rootworm control at 12 locations in eastern Nebraska in 1976. All fields had a history of annual applications of Furadan for the 3+ years prior to 1976. In 1975, 6 of the fields (1-6) were judged by the authors to have unsatisfactory rootworm control. Insecticide treatments were applied over the row in a 7 inch band (incorporated by drag chains and a following rake) at 1.2 oz a.i./lOOO ft of row. Design was randomized complete block with 4 replications excepting locations 1 and 3, (3 rep). Location 4 (2 rep) and location 12 (8 rep).
Apple, Oystershell Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a handgun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 psi at a rate of ca. 350 gal/A. Spray dates were Jun 2 (petal fall) and 14 (first cover); each insecticide was applied on both dates. The standard pesticide program (rates are per 100 gal) through Jul consisted of Phygon 50W (.25 lb) on 4 dates in late Apr and early May; captan 80W (1 to 1.25 lb) on 9 dates; Solubor (1 lb) on May 24 and Jun 1; Epsom salts (15 lb) on May 24, Jun 1, 7, and 19; Sevin 80W (5 oz) on Jun 15; Marlate 50W (3 lb) on Jun 19; and Imidan 50W (1 lb) on Jul 2, 18, and 30. There were no tank-mixtures of test insecticides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 2 Mcintosh (18-yr-old) and 2 Golden Delicious (29-yr-old) cultivars per treatment. On Jul 31 a count was made of all scales found on the 1979 vegetative growth of 10 terminals per tree; only those terminals which bore scales on 1978 growth were examined. European red mites were counted on 25 leaves collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. The leaves were brought into the laboratory and the mites brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; the mites were counted the same day. Mite populations were not vigorous in this orchard until late Jul. Jun and Jul were hot and dry except for heavy rains on Jul 1, 16, and 17.
Second Cutting Alfalfa Insect Control Study, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee , Chaudhari Narendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 2 year old stand of pure seeded alfalfa, 1 acre in size, was utilized for this study at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, New York. Small plots were established in the center of the 1 acre field in a randomized block design of 3 repli-cations (plot size 12 × 25 ft - 300 sq ft/plot). This design allowed untreated buffer crop completely around the outside of the treatment block. Insecticide treatments were applied on Jul 13'79 with a CO2 bottle sprayer using 1/2 gal bottles to deliver 72.6 GPA at 30 psi. Post treatment sweep net insect samplings were taken at 11 days on Jul 24'79 by using 10-180° sweep samples per plot. The degree of blotch mining on plant terminals was determined on Jul 25'79 by counting number of actual mines on 5 whole terminals per plot. Alfalfa yields were sampled on Jul 30'79 by using a small sickle bar mower to cut a 1/1000 acre swath out of plot centers and weighing all hay cut. Samples were taken to determine percent DM by overdrying analysis as well as protein content.
Alfalfa Weevil Control at 3 Tennessee Locations, 1979
Authors: Klostermeyer Lyle E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recommended alfalfa-weevil insecticides were applied to established alfalfa fields at 3 branch experiment stations. Middle Tennessee (MTES) at Spring Hill, Highland Rim (HRES) at Springfield, and Tobacco (TES) at Greenville. Each insecticide was applied to 12 × 20 ft plots and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied on April 5 (MTES), April 11 (HRES), and April 16 (TES) at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 30 psi with a C02-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels. Four sets of 5 pendulum sweeps were taken with a 15-inch diameter insect net prior to application. Pre-treatment means per 5 sweeps were: MTES 89.0, HRES 96.8, and TES 93.8 alfalfa weevil larvae (AWL). Five pendulum sweeps were taken in each plot at 1 and 2 weeks after treatment. Yields were taken by cutting a swath down the center of each plot. Harvest dates were: MTES May 10, HRES May 8, TES May 7. Green weight was recorded and subsamples taken to determine dry weight yield.
Fall Armyworm and Stalkborer Control in Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Reagan T. E. , Flynn J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide sprays were applied biweekly to corn located at the St. Gabriel Experiment Station near Baton Rouge, for season long control of foliage feeding and stalkboreing insects. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with treatments replicated 5 times. Individual plots were three 15 ft rows spaced 3 ft apart (0.0031 acre) bordered on each side by vacant rows. Each spray concentrate was applied fo the corn canopy in water at 30 psi with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gallons finished formulation/acre/ application. Insecticide applications were begun when corn was 3 ft high, and continued for 3 applications, August 17, 3 1, and September 13. The efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined by destructive sampling and infestation counts 3 days after each application. Stalks were selected systematically for the sampling of live insects and stalkborer exit holes. Analyses of variance were conducted on armyworm and stalkborer infestation counts, in addition to yield adjusted for plant stand via covariance analysis.
Field Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for Preflowering Mung Bean Insects, Pangasinan, Philippines, 1978-79
Authors: Litsinger J. A. , dela Cruz C. G. , Paragna F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective was to identify commercially available insecticides comparable in performance to Azodrin, currently recommended for preflowering mung bean insects. Six trials on farmers‘ fields evaluated 35 foliar insecticides applied at low dosages (and thus economical for small-scale farmers) on 2 and 12 days after crop emergence (DE) against preflowering insects. Azodrin (0.25 kg ai/ha) was included in each trial for comparison. Each insecticide was applied to 4 replicated plots (50 sq.m) by a manually operated, 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle in a randomized complete block design. Spray volume averaged 400 \/ha. All plots, including the check, received postflowering insecticide (0.05 kg ai Decis/ha). CESID-21, resistant to powdery mildew, did not require fungicide protection. Plastic sheeting (1-m wide) was held between plots to prevent spray drift. The trials were conducted during the dry season in the village of Pao, Manaoag municipality, Pangasinan province. Mung bean (300,000 plants/ha) was broadcast sowed and harrowed into tilled soil (plowed and harrowed by draft animal power) on fields previously planted to puddled rice during the monsoon season. Fields were irrigated once to ensure even germination. Rainfall was 0 mm, RH averaged 79%, and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 31�C and 19�C, respectively for the crop period. Beanflies were counted by dissecting 25 plants/plot. Flea beetle damage was estimated visually as % defoliation on a per-plot basis. Aphids were scored (1-9 scale) on a per-plant basis expressed as an average/plot: 1 = no aphids, 3 = winged aphids, 5 = several colonies, 7 = many distinct colonies, 9 = many coalesced and indistinct colonies. Yield was based on 15 sq.m.