bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillation tomografy study of Earth’s composition and density with atmospheric neutrinos
Authors: D’Olivo Juan Carlos , Lara José Arnulfo Herrera , Romero Ismael , Sampayo Oscar A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKnowledge of the composition of the Earth’s interior is highly relevant to many geophysical and geochemical problems. Neutrino oscillations are modified in a non-trivial way by the matter effects and can provide valuable and unique information not only on the density but also on the chemical and isotopic composition of the deep regions of the planet. In this paper, we re-examine the possibility of performing an oscillation tomography of the Earth with atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos to obtain information on the composition and density of the outer core and the mantle, complementary to that obtained by geophysical methods. Particular attention is paid to the D$$^{\prime \prime }$$

″

layer just above the core-mantle boundary and to the water (hydrogen) content in the mantle transition zone. Our analysis is based on a Monte-Carlo simulation of the energy and azimuthal angle distribution of $$\mu $$
μ
-like events generated by neutrinos. Taking as reference a model of the Earth consisting of 55 concentric layers with constant densities determined from the PREM, we evaluate the effect on the number of events due to changes in the composition and density of the outer core and the mantle. To examine the capacity of a detector like ORCA to resolve such variations, we construct regions in planes of two of these quantities where the statistical significance of the discrepancies between the reference and the modified Earth are less than $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

. The variations are implemented in such a way that the constraint imposed by both the total mass of the Earth and its moment of inertia are verified.
(Invited) Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWNT) Atomic Structure and Thin Film Color during the Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition (FC-CVD) Synthesis
Authors: Kauppinen Esko 
Published: July 2022

We discuss the FC-CVD synthesis of SWNTs, especially the tuning of tube atomic structure i.e. (n,m) distributions and subsequently the thin film color. By introducing various amount of CO2 with CO as the carbon source and in-situ ferrocene decomposition generated Fe catalyst nanoparticles, we directly produced SWNT films with tunable (n,m) i.e. helicity distribution as well as tunable colors. When operating the FC-CVD reactor at the ambient pressure and at 850 oC temperature with 0.25 and 0.37 volume percent of added CO2, the SWNT films display green and brown colors, respectively. We ascribed various colors to suitable diameter and narrow (n,m) distributions, which were determined in detail using the electron diffraction. We calculate the color maps for all SWNT (n,m) structures.
N. Wei et al. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2006395.
(Invited, Digital Presentation) Ultra-Low Thermal Conductance across Hetero-Structured Four-Layered Van Der Waals Materials
Authors: Yanagi Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2022

Tuning the thermal properties of materials and exploring their heat transport mechanisms are of critical significance for optimizing the performance of current electronic and thermoelectric devices. Regarding flexible thermoelectric, recently, gigantic power factor is achieved in carbon nanotube fibers with tuned Fermi energy level [1]. Thus, control of heat transport across van der Waals (vdW) interfaces, which are the origins of flexibility, is very important for improvement of thermoelectric conversion efficiency. Considering that thermal transport is mainly affected by phonon-boundary scattering, development a route to tune such scattering at vdW interfaces is important. Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied in electronic and photonic fields due to the distinctly unique geometrical and electronic structures of such materials. Regarding thermal transport properties, they have a lot of degrees of freedom in their integration, and the layered vdW integrated structure of these materials, in which building blocks are physically assembled together through weak vdW interactions, provides a strategy to reduce thermal conductance. The rich interfacial lattice mismatch in layered vdW structures is promising for enhancing phonon-boundary scattering at interfaces. For instance, Vaziri et al. studied the thermal boundary resistance of various heterointerfaces via the stacking of exfoliated several-micron-sized graphene, MoS2, and WSe2 monolayers using Raman thermometry, suggesting great potential for controlling heat flow by using the interfaces of vdW heterostructures [2]. However, there has been no systematic study on how homo- and hetero-interfaces with or without lattice matches influence heat flow. Therefore, a systematic study on the thermal conductance (G) of vdW structures with various comparable interfaces is urgently required to understand how homo- and heterointerfaces and the coupling effect influence thermal transport. Here we demonstrate the thermal conductance across four layered (4L) homo- and hetero-structured MoS2 and MoSe2 using time-domain thermo-reflectance method. Compared with the thermal conductance of homo-structured sample, the thermal conductance across hetero-structured 4L sample was significantly reduced, indicating that hetero-interface is an efficient way to reduce thermal conductance [3]. In addition, we have combined electrochemical gating method and TDTR measurements, and employed our technique on the 4L sample and investigated how the intercalation can influence the thermal conductance on the 4L sample. In this presentation, I would like to discuss our recent results.
References: [1] Komatsu et al. , Nature Comm. 12, 4931 (2021) [2] Vaziri et al. Sci. Adv. 5, eaax1325 (2019) [3] Yuan et al., ACS Nano 15, 15902 (2021)

Figure 1
(Invited, Digital Presentation) Composites of 2D Materials and Organic Molecules
Authors: Umeyama Tomokazu 
Published: July 2022

Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials have aroused an explosive growth of scientific interest for their outstanding physicochemical properties. In addition, decorations of 2D materials with organic semiconductors have also begun to receive scientific attention owing to the tunable optoelectronic properties and the excellent solution-based processability of the organic molecules. In this study, composite films that consisted of C60 with well-exfoliated nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) [1], antimony [2], or bismuth [3] were successfully fabricated onto a semiconducting SnO2 electrode via a two-step methodology: self-assembly into their composite aggregates by injection of a poor solvent into a good solvent with the dispersion, and subsequent electrophoretic deposition. In addition, photophysical and photoelectrochemical properties of the composite films were investigated in detail. For example, in a flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (FP-TRMC) measurement of a composite material consisting of C60 and few-layered antimonene (FLSb) nanosheets (denoted as (FLSb+C60)
m
), a rapid rise in transient conductivity was observed, whereas no conductivity signal was observed in the single components, FLSb and C60. This demonstrated the occurrence of photoinduced charge separation between FLSb and C60 in (FLSb+C60)
m
. Furthermore, a photoelectrochemical device with an electrophoretically deposited (FLSb+C60)
m
film exhibited an enhanced efficiency of photocurrent generation, compared to those of the single-components, FLSb and C60, due to the photoinduced charge separation between FLSb and C60. This work provides a promising approach for fabrication of 2D material–organic molecule composites and paves the way for their application in optoelectronics.
[1] J. Baek, T. Umeyama, W. Choi, Y. Tsutsui, H. Yamada, S. Seki, and H. Imahori, Chem. Eur. J., 24, 1561-1572 (2018).
[2] T. Umeyama, T. Ohara, Y. Tsutsui, S. Nakano, S. Seki, and H. Imahori, Chem. Eur. J., 26, 6726-6735 (2020).
[3] T. Umeyama, H. Xu, T. Ohara, Y. Tsutsui, S. Seki, and H. Imahori, J. Phys. Chem. C, 125, 13954-13962 (2021).
Magnesium- and Tin-Based Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Advanced Multivalent Metal Batteries
Authors: Pagot Gioele , Kieser Joy , Brombin Federico , Vezzu Keti , Lorandi Francesca , Negro Enrico , Janek Jürgen , Di Noto Vito 
Published: July 2022

In the recent years, the global energy economy is experiencing a transition towards its production from more sustainable and “green” sources. The intrinsic characteristics of these methods, such as the intermittency and misalignment between disposability and demand, require the use of energy storage systems, such as secondary batteries. Despite the high performance of Li-ion batteries, the high cost, low abundance and toxicity of their components (e.g., the Co-based cathodes) request the development of new devices based on novel chemistries. In this regard, the holy grail is the production of battery systems based on abundant multivalent metals.
It has been recently demonstrated that ionic liquids (ILs) are suitable solvents in order to obtain stable and high performing electrolytes able to conduct and deposit/strip multivalent metals [1-5]. The outstanding electrochemical properties of these materials are ensured by the presence of a high-reactive magnesium salt (i.e., the “delta” form of MgCl2) and of a suitable metal halide (e.g., AlCl3, TiCl4, etc.). In this project we have developed a family of IL-based electrolytes for the Mg2+ ion conduction doped with an alkyl tin halide compound. In this way, the hybrid chemico-physical properties of Sn-based species can be exploited to improve the coordination existing between the inorganic magnesium salt and the organic IL. An advanced study on the thermal and structural properties of the proposed material will be presented, with a particular focus on the interactions established between the different chemical species and complexes composing the materials. Insights on the conductivity mechanism occurring in a wide range of temperature will be gauged and thoroughly described by means of the broadband electrical spectroscopy studies.

Acknowledgments

The project “Interplay between structure, properties, relaxations and conductivity mechanism in new electrolytes for secondary Magnesium batteries” (Grant Agreement W911NF-21-1-0347-(78622-CH-INT)) of the U.S. Army Research Office. The project “ACHILLES” (prot. BIRD219831) of the University of Padua. The project “VIDICAT” (Grant Agreement 829145) of the FET-Open call of Horizion 2020.

References

[1] G. Pagot, K. Vezzù, S. Greenbaum and V. Di Noto, Journal of Power Sources 492 (2021) 229681.
[2] R. Dominko, J. Bitenc, R. Berthelot, M. Gauthier, G. Pagot and V. Di Noto, Journal of Power Sources 478 (2020) 229027.
[3] G. Pagot, F. Bertasi, K. Vezzù, F. Sepehr, X. Luo, G. Nawn, E. Negro, S.J. Paddison and V. Di Noto, Electrochimica Acta 246 (2017) 914-923.
[4] F. Bertasi, F. Sepehr, G. Pagot, S.J. Paddison and V. Di Noto, Advanced Functional Materials 26 (2016) 4860-4865.
[5] F. Bertasi, C. Hettige, F. Sepehr, X. Bogle, G. Pagot, K. Vezzù, E. Negro, S.J. Paddison, S.G. Greenbaum, M. Vittadello and V. Di Noto, ChemSusChem 8 (2015) 3069-3076.
Electrochemically Rechargeable Liquids in Highly Flexible Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Perry Mike L 
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen and electricity are expected to be the two major energy carriers of the future. Unfortunately, neither can be stored as an ambient-temperature liquid, which is the ideal energy-carrier medium. H2 can be used in a wide variety of both stationary and transportation applications, as envisioned by DOE’s H2@Scale program [1]. Although DOE has not yet established targets for stationary H2 storage, the key metrics for an “ideal hydrogen carrier” are [2]: liquid at all operating temperatures, high energy density, efficient conversions at relatively benign conditions, long cycle life, compatible with existing infrastructure for fuels, low cost, and safety (toxicological and eco-toxicological). Relative to thermal conversions, electrochemistry can enable relatively efficient conversions at more benign conditions. While electrochemically-rechargeable liquids (ERLs) are not a new idea, the focus of this talk will be on innovative conversion options, which includes combinations of the cell configurations shown in Fig. 1. In particular, it will be shown that ERLs that can be charged using either electrical and/or hydrogen energy, and which can also produce H2 or electricity on demand can enable highly flexible energy-storage systems that can potentially be used for both stationary and transportation applications. In short, an ERL can provide essential “energy-banker services” by simultaneously converting and storing these two major “energy currencies” of the future in a single aqueous liquid. These systems can be readily scaled up or scaled down. This talk will also present a very brief overview of potentially attractive ERL options, which can include conventional liquid-organic hydrogen carriers (i.e., LOHCs, such as organics that are liquids at room temperature, like methylcyclohexane), as well as aqueous solutions (e.g., diluted alcohols) or dissolved solids (e.g., redox-flow-battery electrolytes) [3]. The current status of this technology will be briefly reviewed, including a summary the key technical barriers, as well as some enabling concepts to potentially address each of these challenges.
The goal will be to provide the audience with a sufficient overview of these ERL-conversion system concepts, such that a productive discussion can occur on additional improvements, potential end uses, and future collaborations.

[1] B. Pivovar, N. Rustagi, and S. Satyapal, ECS Interface,
27 (2018) 47.

[2] T. Autry and M. Bowden, “HyMARC; H2 Carriers for Bulk H2 Storage & Transport,” AMR slides, ST204 (2020).

[3] M. L. Perry & Z. Yang, J. Electrochem. Soc., 166 (2019) A3045.

Figure 1
Formation of Mn-Zn Layered Double Hydroxide - New Insights into the Charge Storage Mechanism of Near-Neutral MnO2/Zn Batteries
Authors: Stosevski Ivan , Bonakdarpour Arman , Fang Baizeng , Wilkinson David P. 
Published: July 2022

A relatively new type of aqueous battery that is based on MnO2/Zn chemistry in near-neutral pH electrolytes is receiving significant attention in the research community for its potential commercial applications. This chemistry offers many advantages such as relatively high cycle life [1], low cost, high natural abundance and availability of the active materials, and environmental friendliness. On the other hand, issues with the formation of parasitic Zn-layered double hydroxide (ZnLDH) creates challenges for the capacity utilization in high mass loading electrodes. Revealing the charge storage mechanism and the products of the discharge reaction would significantly help with the scaling up of this technology.
At present, there is a debate on the nature of the reaction mechanism considering proton or zinc intercalation (or co-insertion of both) into the MnO2 structure, and what structural transformations occur during charge/discharge. We present new insights on the reaction mechanism and show that novel, not reported yet, Mn-Zn based layered double hydroxide (MnZnLDH, MnxZny(OH)zSO4

·

5H2O) forms during the first discharge reaction (Figure 1) [2]. MnZnLDH forms through a conversion reaction that occurs between MnO2 and Zn2+ during the first discharge plateau and it is a structural analogue of ZnLDH. Electrochemical experiments in different aqueous/organic electrolytes with and without the presence of Zn ions have shown that protons and water play significant roles in the charge-storage mechanism, while Zn ions form species at the surface rather than intercalating in the bulk of MnO2 structure. Excellent rechargeability was achieved for the ramsdellite (MnO2) and hausmannite (Mn3O4) phases, i.e., over 1000 [1] and 800 [3] cycles, respectively, without considering the formation of MnZnLDH. However, improving the reversibility of MnZnLDH transformation during the cycling will enhance the battery cycle life even further.

References

[1] I. Stoševski, A. Bonakdarpour, F. Cuadra, & D. P. Wilkinson, Chem. Comm., 2019, 55, 2082-2085.
[2] I. Stoševski, A. Bonakdarpour, B. Fang, P. Lo, & D. P. Wilkinson, Electrochim. Acta, 2021, 390, 138852.
[3] I. Stoševski, A. Bonakdarpour, B. Fang, S. T. Voon, & D. P. Wilkinson, Int. J. Energy Res., 2021, 45, 220-230.

Figure 1. Mechanism of the first discharge reaction

Figure 1
(Invited) Evaporable Fullerene-Fused Ketone Via One-Step Direct Oxidation of Alkoxy to Ketone: Fullerene As a Redox Active Pendant
Authors: Matsuo Yutaka , Lin Hao-Sheng 
Published: July 2022

We developed a direct oxidation reaction from a methoxy group to a keto group using a mild oxidizing agent with the aid of an oxidizable fullerene pendant. By using this key reaction, we developed a fullerene derivative that is stable even at high temperatures of 400 deg-C or higher and can be used for vacuum deposition to make thin films in organic electronic devices.
A highly efficient CuBr2 promoted one-step direct oxidation of alkoxy indano[60]fullerenes to [60]fullerene-fused ketones is showcased. It is shown that the fullerene can behave as an electron-pool controlling the electron transfer to trigger the direct oxidation of alkoxy. This electron-pool for the direct oxidation mainly involves two steps: 1) C60selectively transferred single electron to Cu(II) to afford C60
•+; 2) generated C60
•+ attracts electron density from the neighboring C–H bond, which is the key for initiating the direct oxidation of alkoxy. Accordingly, conventional non-fullerene functionalized alkoxy groups understandably failed to undergo one-step direct oxidation. Encouragingly, compared with current synthetic protocols for fullerenyl ketones including electrochemical synthesis, organometal-catalyzed synthesis, and photochemical synthesis, the presented one-step direct oxidation of alkoxy exhibited advantages such as facile processing procedures, highly scalable yields and low cost, for the efficient production of [60]fullerene-fused ketones, which can provide an efficient synthetic strategy to match up the high synthetic demands of fullerenyl ketone materials applied in organic and perovskite solar cells.
Reference: H.-S. Lin, Y. Ma, R. Xiang, S. Manzhos, I. Jeon, S. Maruyama, Y. Matsuo, Communications Chemistry 2021, 4, 74.
(Invited) Fullerene and Fullerene Nanocomposites for an Enhanced All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: El Diwany Farah , Al Najjar Taher , Ali Basant , K. Allam Nageh , El Sawy Ehab 
Published: July 2022

The dependence on fossil fuels to meet the world energy demand caused several social, economical, and environmental problems. An immediate switch to sustainable, clean, and renewable sources of energy is a necessity. To achieve this switch, developing efficient technologies to convert renewable energy sources into electricity is a necessity but not enough due to the intermittent behavior of renewable sources. The incorporation of energy storage systems as regulators allows for the sustainable integration of renewable energy resources into the electrical grid. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are the most promising candidates of the currently available energy storage technologies, as they have an unlimited capacity (theoretically) and design flexibility. Enhancing the kinetics of the VRFBs electrochemical reactions will enhance their energy efficiency, and hence decrease the kWh cost of VRFBs. Currently, carbon-based electrodes are employed due to their suitable stability and conductivity, but with no treatment, they suffer from sluggish kinetics, hydrophobicity, and parasitic reactions catalyzation.1 Modifying these carbon-based electrodes with carbon nanostructures2 and metal oxides(MOx)3 was found to enhance the kinetics at the VRFB electrodes.
Even though fullerenes have very unique structural and chemical properties they were rarely explored for the VRFBs application.4 In this work, fullerene C76 showed superior electrocatalytic activity towards VO2+/VO2
+ redox reaction in G1 and G3 VRFBs and eliminated the necessity for thermal treatment of the carbon cloth support while inhibiting the chlorine evolution in G3 VRFB. A composite of C76 and hydrated WOx that reduces the fullerene content to half further inhibited the chance for chlorine evolution while maintaining the catalytic activity.

References:

Y. Gao et al., Carbon, 148, 9–15 (2019).

D. O. Opar, R. Nankya, J. Lee, and H. Jung, Electrochimica Acta, 330, 135276 (2020).

M. Faraji, R. Khalilzadeh Soltanahmadi, S. Seyfi, B. Mostafavi Bavani, and H. Mohammadzadeh Aydisheh, J Solid State Electrochem, 24, 2315–2324 (2020).

F. A. E. Diwany, B. A. Ali, E. N. E. Sawy, and N. K. Allam, Chem. Commun., 56, 7569–7572 (2020).
(Invited) Porphyrinoid-Carbon Nanostructure Ensembles and Fused Porphyrin-Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Torres Tomas , López-Serrano Elisa , Gomez-Gomez Marta , Mateo Luis M. , Labella Jorge , Bottari Giovanni , Ince Mine 
Published: July 2022

Phthalocyanines (Pcs) have emerged as excellent light harvesting antennas for incorporation into D-A systems, mainly in connection with carbon nanostructures, like endohedral metallofullerenes, SWCNT and graphene, as acceptor or donor moieties, in which the Pc has been attached, covalently or through supramolecular interactions. They are among the few molecules that reveal an intense red and NIR absorption and therefore, constitute also promising dyes in molecular photovoltaics. Pcs have a great chemical versatility, which allows to modify their electronic character and their physicochemical properties by organic synthesis, by introducing substituents in the periphery or modifying the structure of the macrocycle. Most recently they have reached good efficiency values participating as hole transporting materials in Carbon-based Perovskite sensitized solar cells (PSSCs). Pcs are be appropriately designed to adapt well to the electronic levels of the different types of perovskites. Through a rational design, structure-property relationships will be established that will gradually improve the performance of the devices.
On the other hand, on-surface synthesis offers a versatile approach to fabricate novel carbon-based nanostructures that cannot be obtained via conventional solution chemistry. Within the family of such nanomaterials, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) hold a privileged position due to their high potential for different applications. One of the key issues for their application in molecular electronics lies in the fine-tuning of their electronic properties through structural modifications, such as heteroatom doping or the incorporation of non-benzenoid rings. In this context, the covalent fusion of GNRs and porphyrins (Pors) represents a highly appealing strategy.