bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Financial Stressors, Chronic Pain, and High-Impact Chronic Pain: Findings From the 2019 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Weissman Judith D. , Russell David , Taylor John 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Public health interventions to prevent financial stressors and reduce chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain (HICP) are important to potentially improve the health of the US population. The objectives of our study were to provide an update on the prevalence of chronic pain and HICP and to examine relationships between financial stressors and pain. Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional sample of adults aged ≥18 years (n = 31 997) collected by the 2019 National Health Interview Survey. We constructed bivariate and multivariate models to examine chronic pain and HICP in relation to financial worries, employment with wages, income, sociodemographic characteristics, number of chronic health conditions, and body mass index. Results: In fully adjusted multivariate regression models, having no employment with wages was strongly associated with increased risk for chronic pain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5) and HICP (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.9). Worries about paying medical bills was associated with chronic pain (aOR = 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.2) and HICP (aOR = 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3). Being unable to pay medical bills was associated with chronic pain (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9-2.3) and HICP (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0-2.6). Compared with having more income, having less income relative to the federal poverty level was associated with increased risk for chronic pain and HICP. Conclusions: We found a strong relationship between financial worries, employment for wages, income, and self-reported chronic pain and HICP independent of poor physical health and body mass index. Interventions to reduce chronic pain and HICP should address economic instability and financial stressors.
Getting Psyched About Memes in the Psychology Classroom
Authors: Kath Lisa M. , Schmidt Gordon B. , Islam Sayeedul , Jimenez William P. , Hartnett Jessica L. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Internet memes are a ubiquitous part of internet culture and a common communication tool among students. Because they are a good medium for expressing ideas and concepts in a concise and fun manner, memes are a potentially valuable tool for teaching and engaging students. Statement of the Problem Instructors may not know how to use memes in classroom assignments or activities to support learning objectives. Literature Review Students finding or creating their own class-related content is an empirically supported way to enhance learning. Instructors can enhance learning by using multimedia approaches (pictures/videos in addition to words), which is a good fit for the use of memes. We include examples of ways that memes have already been used in psychology classrooms. Teaching Implications Incorporating meme assignments or activities in the classroom could be beneficial. Conclusion We describe how students can explain or generate memes that illustrate concepts related to course material. Instructions and supporting information and resources, as well as calls for research into the effectiveness of the use of memes in the classroom, are included.
Process optimization of compressive property and dimensional error on wood polylactic acid gyroid-structured polymer composite
Authors: Veeman Dhinakaran , Palaniyappan Sabarinathan , Surendhar GJ , Shanmugam Ragavanantham 
Published: May 2022

In the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, various thermoplastic filaments may be used as a feedstock material for the component fabrication. The present study involves incorporating a gyroid structure in wood/polylactic acid (PLA) polymer composite. The strength of the sample may reduce while incorporating lattice structure in PLA polymeric samples. There are certain difficulties due to the wide availability of process parameters that may vary the quality and strength during the fabrication of the sample through the FDM process. Determining the influence of certain important process parameters such as raster angle, layer thickness, and wall thickness is carried out in this research to attain higher mechanical strength and less dimensional error in the geometry of the fabricated sample. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used in these experiments to optimize process parameters in the gyroid incorporated samples. The output responses in the present study are compressive strength and dimensional error. Both the output responses were predicted using the ANOVA technique. Both the output responses are greatly influenced by the raster angle with the value of 60.78% in compressive strength and 90.43% in the dimensional error, and Wall thickness is the least influenced process parameter with the value of 7.17% in compressive strength and 0.93% in dimensional error. The sequential order of influencing process parameters in both the compressive strength and dimensional error were raster angle > layer thickness > wall thickness. 31.019 MPa of compressive strength was observed in the confirmational compression test. The prepared composite can be used as a structural material in the replacement of balusters and handrails.
Clinical Outcomes of Early Versus Late Tracheostomy in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chong Woon Hean , Tan Chee Keat 
Published: May 2022

Background A significant proportion of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Tracheostomy is increasingly performed when a prolonged course of IMV is anticipated. Objectives To determine clinical and resource utilization benefits of early versus late tracheostomy among COVID-19 patients. Methods Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase were used to identify relevant studies comparing outcomes of COVID-19 patients undergoing early and late tracheostomy from January 1, 2020, to December 1, 2021. Results Twelve studies were selected, and 2222 critically ill COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January to December 2020 were included. Among the included patients, 34.5% and 65.5% underwent early and late tracheostomy, respectively. Among the included studies, 58.3% and 41.7% defined early tracheostomy using cutoffs of 14 and 10 days, respectively. All-cause in-hospital mortality was not different between the early and late tracheostomy groups (32.9% vs. 33.1%; OR = 1.00; P = 0.98). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated a similar mortality rate in studies using a cutoff of 10 days (34.6% vs. 35.5%; OR = 0.97; P = 0.89) or 14 days (31.2% vs. 27.7%; OR = 1.05; P = 0.78). The early tracheostomy group had shorter ICU length of stay (LOS) (mean: 23.18 vs. 30.51 days; P < 0.001) and IMV duration (mean: 20.49 vs. 28.94 days; P < 0.001) than the late tracheostomy group. The time from tracheostomy to decannulation was longer (mean: 23.36 vs. 16.24 days; P = 0.02) in the early tracheostomy group than in the late tracheostomy group, but the time from tracheostomy to IMV weaning was similar in both groups. Other clinical characteristics, including age, were similar in both groups. Conclusions Early tracheostomy reduced the ICU LOS and IMV duration among COVID-19 patients compared with late tracheostomy, but the mortality rate was similar in both groups. The findings have important implications for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, especially in a resource-limited setting.
Compatibility and stability of non-ionic iodinated contrast media in peritoneal dialysis solution and safe practice considerations for CT peritoneography
Authors: Rappai Jayan , Crabtree John H , Mancini Ann , Badugu Sudheer Kumar , Kaushal Anuj , Gellens Mary E 
Published: May 2022

Background: Computerised tomographic (CT) peritoneography is performed on peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients to identify peritoneal boundary defects, dialysate maldistributions and loculated fluid collections. Iodinated contrast media are added to dialysate and infused through the dialysis catheter, and CT images are obtained. Chemical compatibility of contrast media with dialysis solutions has not been studied. In some institutions, pharmacists charged with oversight of compounded sterile preparations have placed a moratorium on the use of contrast media-dialysate mixtures until compatibility data become available. This study was undertaken to examine the compatibility of non-ionic iodinated contrast agents added to PD solution for the performance of CT peritoneography. Methods: 100 mL of three non-ionic iodinated contrast agents, iopamidol 370 mgI/mL, iohexol 300 mgI/mL and iodixanol 320 mgI/mL, were mixed with 2 L 1.5% dextrose PD solution and stored at 2–8°C, 25°C and 40°C. Observations at predefined intervals were made over 5 days for visual appearance, turbidity, pH, drug concentration and chemical degradation. Results: Iopamidol, iohexol and iodixanol were stable for 5 days under study conditions. The contrast-dialysate mixture remained clear and colourless, no turbidity changes observed, pH and drug concentrations were stable and no increase in existing impurities or new impurities were detected. Conclusions: The addition of commonly used non-ionic iodinated contrast agents to 1.5% dextrose dialysis solution is chemically stable, meeting the criteria set forth in the standards and guidelines of the US Pharmacopeia and the Institute of Safe Medication Practices. A protocol for performing CT peritoneography is recommended herein to facilitate patient safety and diagnostic reliability of the imaging study.
1D multi-point marine turbocharger design, for optimal performance recovery
Authors: Ntonas Konstantinos , Aretakis Nikolaos , Koskoletos Orestis A , Mathioudakis Konstantinos 
Published: May 2022

An integrated turbocharger 1D design tool, allowing retrofit of both compressor and turbine is presented. An optimization procedure is employed, to design both compressor and turbine to match the entire turbocharged system in an optimal way. The optimization process focuses on engine specific fuel consumption reduction in the engine range of operation, while ensuring appropriate matching between turbomachinery components and the diesel engine. Structural integrity of both turbo-components is ensured by using simplified structural and modal analysis. Dimensionless parameters are used as optimization variables, for both compressor and turbine, allowing the design process to become fully automatic. The platform produces four optimal 1D geometries, of different possible centrifugal compressor diffuser and turbine combinations. The combination that gives the best improvement to the diesel engine operation is identified. A case study is presented, where all four turbocharger configurations are designed and analyzed aiming to at least recover the original diesel engine performance. The platform then sorts all four optimized turbocharger geometries based on annual fuel cost reduction. The best configuration achieves the largest fuel consumption reduction (0.4% for the case presented), while stable operation and structural integrity are ensured. Additionally, a study of how the new machine learning volute loss models affect the designed geometry is performed. Finally, a techno-economical assessment is performed in order to identify the most profitable retrofit option, turbocharger redesign being one of four possible turbocharger options considered by the authors. Redesigning the entire turbocharger is shown to provide the largest long term profit.
Development of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model and Assessment of the Impact of Renal Underdevelopment in Preterm Infants on the Pharmacokinetics of Aminophylline
Authors: Tummala Hari Prabhath , Balusu Rachana , Thotakura Sahithi , Pasnoor Achyuth Kumar , Raju Arun Prasath , Lal Shivakumar Mahadeva , Lewis Leslie Edwards , Mallayasamy Surulivelrajan 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for individualization of the dosing regimen considering the physiological requirements of these preterm neonates. Methods: The study comprised preterm newborns with fewer than 34 weeks of gestation and six apneic episodes in 24 h. A PBPK model was created using PK-SIM (version 9, update 1, GitHub, San Francisco, CA, USA). A PBPK model is built using a typical loading dosage of 5 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Based on the verified base model, a PBPK model representing renal underdevelopment based on nRIFLE/pRIFLE categorization was developed. Results: The PK parameters of Aminophylline were computed using the PBPK model. As per the model prediction, T1/2 and area under the curve reduced as postnatal age increased, and in the event of renal underdevelopment, even while C max for patients under R (RISK), I (injury) was within the therapeutic range; it was greater compared to preterm without any renal complications. Mean C max (mol/L) was 59.53 and for R, I, and F (FAILURE) categories the values were 83.04, 99.69, and 126.98, respectively. Conclusion: The model was created using appropriate drug, study subject, and dosage protocol inputs. The established PBPK model could help in individualizing aminophylline dose in preterm babies.
Review of the Long-Term Effect of the Atypical Antipsychotic Medication on the Bone Mineral Density of the Pediatric Patient with Consideration of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Jumaili Wisam Al , Muzwagi Ashraf 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To shed some light on the understudied complication of chronic prolonged exposure to antipsychotics (AP) in children with consideration to with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: We electronically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, clinical trial.gov, and Medline Database of clinical studies up to June 2021. We used the following keywords: “bone mineral density, osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone loss, bone changes” AND “antipsychotics, SGAs, atypical antipsychotics” AND “pediatric, adolescent, young, youth, children.” We used [Mesh] Term for “antipsychotics agent” and “bone mineral density” and “autism spectrum disorder” and “child.” We retrieved relevant observational studies, reviews, case series, and randomized clinical trials. Results: Yvette Roke et al., in 2012, reported in a retrospective observational study that lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and the biochemical bone marker were lower in the AP-treated boy with hyperprolactinemia in comparison to the non-AP-treated group, while a retrospective observational study of institutional adolescents with a psychiatric condition, carried out by Bonnot et al. in 2011, found significant vitamin D deficiency in psychiatric inpatient adolescents that is unrelated to the specific APs. Third, Calarge et al. in a 2010 retrospective observational study have reported a significant reduction in BMD in adolescents with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) compared to another group with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia without SSRI. On the other hand, Nivin A. Nagiub et al. (2019) in the cross-sectional study found no correlation between BMD and AP use in children with ASD. Houghton et al., in 2021, found a high fracture prevalence of 38% with aripiprazole compared to risperidone in children with ASD. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the potential negative effects of APs on BMD, considerably in children with ASD that has additional risk factors for osteoporosis and bone disease. A provider needs to utilize more sensitive screening and diagnostic tools; the pediatric physician should evaluate other risk factors to prevent early osteopenia and bone fracture in children with ASD who are on chronic psychotropic medication, before adjusting to the AP medication.
Study of Hemodynamic Effects of Preoperative Single-Bolus Dexmedetomidine in Elective Laparoscopic Surgeries
Authors: Fasil Fathima , Saundattikar Girish , Jawale Reema Hemant , J. Naveen Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To observe the hemodynamic effects of a single bolus dose of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: A total of 60 adult patients were randomized into two groups of 30 each. Group D patients were given 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine in 50 mL of saline as a single-dose infusion over 10 min before induction. Group S patients were given a 50-mL 0.9% NS slow infusion over 10 min. Groups D and S patients were premedicated 10 min prior to surgery. Baseline vital and hemodynamic parameters were monitored during the perioperative period. Conclusion: Premedicating with a single bolus of 1 µg/kg IV dexmedetomidine has been proven safe and effective in maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability, although few developed bradycardia and hypotension, which were managed without any adverse outcome. Furthermore, dexmedetomidine effectively reduced the incidence of shivering.
COVID-19 and Substance Use: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications During 2020 and 2021
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Gupta B.M. , Ahmed K.K. Mueen 
Published: May 2022

Aim: This study aimed to assess the characteristics and trends of research on substance use and COVID-19. Methods: Keywords related to “Covid-19” and “Substance Use” were used in a search query formulated for the Scopus search engine. The articles published during the years 2020 and 2021, through early November 2021, were considered. Results: A total of 2184 publications were published on this topic, averaging 9.69 citations per paper. About one-seventh (13.96%) share of global publications was supported by extramural funding support. The maximum number of publications emerged from the United States of America (USA) ( n = 831; 38.05%), followed by the United Kingdom (UK) ( n = 212; 9.71%), India ( n = 165; 7.55%), and Canada (155 papers; 7.10%). In terms of citation impact, publications emerging from China (24.42 and 2.52) had the highest citation impact, followed by publications emerging from Australia (18.83 and 1.94), France (16.48 and 1.70), the UK (15.44 and 1.59), Italy (13.36 and 1.38), and Canada (12.73 and 1.31). When the data in terms of specific institutes were evaluated, Harvard Medical School, USA ( n = 52), was ranked first in productivity, followed by the University of Toronto, Canada ( n = 47); the Yale School of Medicine, USA ( n = 35); INSERM, France ( n = −29); and the University of British Columbia, Canada ( n = 2s). The University College London, UK (30.24 and 3.12), ranked first in citation impact, followed by INSERM, France (22.0 and 2.27); the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (17.4 and 1.8); and the University of Toronto, Canada (13.68 and 1.41). When the journals were evaluated, the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ( n = 83) ranked first in publication productivity, followed by the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment ( n = 73), Frontiers in Psychology ( n = 39), Drug and Alcohol Dependence ( n = 28), and International Journal of Drug Policy ( n = 26). Conclusion: This bibliometric study suggests that a large amount of literature has accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use disorders, both from developed and developing countries.
Intervertebral disc injury is the mainspring for the postoperative increase in Cobb Angle after thoracolumbar burst fracture
Authors: Peng Zhi , Cui Zhongfeng , Kuang Xiaolin , Yu Chen , Ruan Yushan , Li Chuan , Li Shaobo , Lu Sheng 
Published: May 2022

Study Design A single-institution retrospective study of a cohort of patients who underwent internal fixation spine surgery for thoracolumbar burst fracture (TLBF). Objective To observe the imaging manifestations of intervertebral disc changes in TLBF, to analyze the relationship between the degree of disc injury and the Cobb angle increase. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent short-segment pedicle screw instrumentation in the spinal surgery department of a single hospital between January 2014 and December 2017 ( n = 90). According to the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the superior intervertebral disc tissue of the injured vertebrae before the operation, the intervertebral disc injury was divided into three types, which was used for group allocation: group A, uninjured intervertebral disc group; group B, mild intervertebral disc injury group; and group C, severe intervertebral disc injury group. The main imaging results of the three groups Cobb, IVA, IHI, AHIV, and VAS were compared among groups. Results Ninety patients were included in the study ( n = 38, 32, and 20, in groups A, B, and C, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in demographics among the three groups ( p > .05). 1-year post-surgery, the Cobb angle in group C differed significantly from that in groups A and B ( p < .01). There was a significant difference in Cobb angle between groups A and B after internal fixation was removed for 6 months. At 1-year post-surgery, the IHI group C differed significantly from groups A and B ( p < .01), while groups A and B were similar ( p = .102); however, at 6 months after the internal fixation was removed, the IHI differed significantly between these two groups, also the AHIV between groups A and B was statistically significant ( p < .01). The VAS pain score was similar among the three groups. Pearson’s test showed that the increase in the Cobb angle was moderately correlated with IVA and IHI, and weakly correlated with AHIV. Conclusion For TLBF with an intervertebral disc injury, the presurgical degree of intervertebral disc injury is the main reason for the post-surgery increase in the Cobb angle. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of this kind of patient require attention to the risk of spinal deformity.
Attending to the Positive: A Retrospective Validation of the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors-Sexual Offence Version
Authors: Nolan Thomas , Willis Gwenda M. , Thornton David , Kelley Sharon M. , Christofferson Sarah Beggs 
Published: May 2022

Sexual recidivism risk assessment tools focus almost exclusively on risk factors associated with increased rates of recidivism and do not attend to protective factors that might mitigate reoffense risk. The present study investigated the predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors - Sexual Offence version (SAPROF-SO), developed to assess hypothesised protective factors against sexual recidivism in adult males. The SAPROF-SO pilot version contains 24 items across two domains: Personal and Professionally Provided Support. SAPROF-SO scores were rated retrospectively from a review of archived case files of 210 men with convictions for child sexual offenses, using the SAPROF-SO pilot manual and a supplementary retrospective scoring guide developed for the current study. SAPROF-SO Total and Personal domain scores were significantly predictive of sexual recidivism after an average follow-up period of 12.24 years (AUC = .81), and to a lesser extent, violent and general recidivism. SAPROF-SO Total and Personal scores additionally provided significant incremental validity over Static-99R scores in the prediction of sexual recidivism. Results support the predictive validity of protective factors for reduced sexual recidivism and invite future research examining how to integrate the SAPROF-SO alongside contemporary sexual recidivism risk assessment tools.