bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosynthetic Rate — Yield Component Relationships in Winter Greenhouse Tomatoes1
Authors: Rodriguez B. P. , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationships between photosynthetic rate, yield, and yield components of forcing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cvs. Tuckcross V and Tuckcross 533) under variable lighting and spacing were studied during the dark winter of 1972-73. Yield and its components were all highly and positively correlated with both cloudy-day (90-110 W/m2 light intensity) and sunny-day (200 W/m2 or higher) photosynthetic rates. The rate-yield relationship remained nearly constant irrespective of the predictor variable. Better linear response of yield and its components to cloudy than to sunny-day photosynthetic rate was observed. Photosynthetic rate accounted for more than 60% of the yield variation.
Ammonium Tolerance of Tobacco Cultivars with Different Nicotine Contents1
Authors: Hohlt H. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum, L. of high and low nicotine contents were grown in an unbuffered nutrient solution sand culture. All of the cultivars showed significant growth restriction on NH4-N and formed brown stem lesions. The appearance of the lesions was delayed in ‘Speight G-41’ and ‘Lizard Tail Orinoco’, cultivars known to have high nicotine contents. Nicotine contents were reduced under NH4 nutrition in ‘Speight G-41’ and ‘Lizard Tail Orinoco’ but not in ‘Va. 724’.
A Roundleaf Mutant in ‘Bighart’ Pimiento Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)1
Authors: Greenleaf Walter H. , Hearn William H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A roundleaf mutant in ‘Bighart’ pimiento pepper readily classified in segregating F2 and backcross progenies, is determined by a recessive gene, rl. The rl gene reduces the length of the leaves but not the width, changing the length/width ratio from 1.50 to 1.24. The rl gene does not produce obvious pleiotropic deleterious effects on the plant and could prove useful as a marker gene in producing F1 hybrids or for characterizing new pepper cultivars.
Quality of Processed Tomato Juice Extracted from Tomatoes with Curly Top Virus Disease1
Authors: Nukaya A. , Drake S. R. , Martin M. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective analyses indicate that fruits from tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with curly top virus disease are superior to fruits from healthy plants in soluble solids content, apparent viscosity, color and ascorbic acid content. Sensory panels detected differences between thermally-processed tomato juice from infected and healthy plants and preferred tomato juice from fruit produced by infected plants, probably due to its better color and higher apparent viscosity. Off-flavored fruits that are characteristic of this disease would present no problem in tomato juice processing; they even may enhance the quality of the juice.
Effect of Benomyl on Asparagus officinalis L. Shoot and Root Development in Culture Media1
Authors: Yang Hsu-Jen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolcarbamate (benomyl), a systemic fungicide, added to modified Murashige and Skoog's medium regulated asparagus shoot and root development. Low levels of benomyl (10 to 50 ppm) promoted multiple vigorous shoot development. Higher levels of benomyl (100 to 250 ppm) caused the development of abnormally short, thick shoots and inhibited root formation. The enlargement of the shoots is due to proliferation of cortex, phloem, and xylem cells.
Growth Regulator Effects on Apical Dominance of English Ivy1
Authors: Lewnes Mary A. , Moser Bruno C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) applied to Hedera helix L. cv. Baltica markedly enhanced branching; optimum treatment was 300 ppm applied twice on alternate weeks. The branching effect was evident only on growth occurring from buds maturing after treatment. When GA3 was applied to pruned plants secondary lateral shoot growth occurred. Application of 6-benzylamino-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-9H-purine (PBA) did not affect lateral growth.
Bud Break in Pecan following Boron Toxicity1
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Payne Jerry A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Boron was soil applied to pecan trees (Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch) at the rate of 0, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, or 100 g per tree. Boron toxicity increased with B applied. Bud break the following spring was advanced in relation to B applied and toxicity incurred.
Induction of Earlier Fruiting of ‘Anjou ’ Pear Trees with Growth Regulators1
Authors: Stahly Edward A. , Williams Max W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five-year-old ‘Anjou’ pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) were sprayed with (2-chloro-ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat) (1500 ppm), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) (250 or 500 ppm), or succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) (1000 ppm) plus ethephon (250 ppm) 4 or 6 weeks after full bloom (AFB) for 2 consecutive seasons. Chlormequat increased fruit set after 1 application, but 2 applications of the other chemicals were required to increase fruit set. Two consecutive years of chlormequat applications increased yieid about 50%, 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) (50 ppm) applied 4 weeks AFB did not affect fruit set, but induced many short shoots of ‘Anjou’ pear trees.
Effect of SADH on Leaves of Cultivated Highbush Blueberry1
Authors: Gough R. E. , Shutak V. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaves of cultivated highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum Ait.) displayed a markedly altered anatomical structure following sprays of succinic acid −2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide, SADH). Alterations include an increased number of stomata per unit area, increased length of palisade cells, and a larger, more distinct secondary palisade layer and total spongy mesophyll complex, both of which contributed to increased lamina thickness.
Stolon Formation in Chlorophytum1
Authors: Hammer P. Allen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Daylengths ≤ 12 hours greatly reduced the time required to form visible stolons in Chlorophytum. Three weeks of 8 hour daylengths were the minimum number of short days required to reduce the days to visible stolon formation. The all-green plant (Chlorophytum capense (L.) Voss) was less responsive to photoperiod than the variegated plant (Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques cv. Vittatum).
Tree Growth Inhibition by Bark Applications of Morphactins1
Authors: Backhaus R. A. , Sachs R. M. , Hield H. Z. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Morphactins, mixed with non-phytotoxic paraffinic, low molecular weight oil, were applied as bark bands and tested for growth inhibition of trees growing under field conditions. Three species were tested: Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.), olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Manzanillo) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill). Shoot elongation was inhibited in all three species, but sensitivity to the treatment varied.
Postharvest Control of Endogenous Brown Spot in Fresh Australian Pineapples with Heat1
Authors: Akamine Ernest K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heating fruits at 37.2°C for 24 hours controlled endogenous brown spot (EBS) in refrigerated fresh pineapples [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. cv. Smooth Cayenne]. Heat treatment after refrigeration was more effective than before refrigeration and reduced molding of the fruit butt Heat treatments did not affect surface coloring, fruit weight loss, crown browning, senescence, decay incidence, translucence, flavor, or pulp aroma, but did improve pulp appearance by making it more golden yellow than of untreated fruits.
Ethylene Degreening of ‘Bearss’ Lemons1
Authors: Barmore C. R. , Wheaton T. A. , McCornack A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The time required to degreen Florida ‘Bearss’ lemons can be greatly reduced by the use of 1 to 10 ppm ethylene at 25 or 30°C. Degreening was accomplished in 2 to 3 days instead of the 2 to 3 weeks required with the current commercial practice of cool coloring at 15° without ethylene. Applications of a benzimidazole fungicide (thiabendazole, benomyl) prior to degreening adequately controlled decay. Rapid degreening with ethylene at higher temperatures (25° or 30°) eliminates the need for cool coloring storage and brings lemon availability more nearly in phase with consumer demand.
Cranberry Growth and Flowering in Response to Field Applications of Daminozide1
Authors: Lenhardt P. J. , Eaton G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flower initiation of ‘McFarlin’ cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) in British Columbia begins in July, after blossoming is over. Differences in external morphology of terminal buds are sufficient to distinguish mixed buds from vegetative buds on field produced uprights. The uprights have a biennial bearing tendency. Application of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide, SADH) at full bloom (July 2) to a producing ‘McFarlin’ bog increased the number of uprights which set fruiting buds. No harmful effects were apparent.
Daminozide Reduces Stem Elongation of ‘Grand Rapids Forcing’ Leaf Lettuce Grown at High Greenhouse Temperatures1
Authors: Sherman M. , Hillyer I. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown at temperatures greater than 16°C was treated with 5,000, 10,000 or 15,000 ppm succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Daminozide, SADH) at the 4- or 8-leaf stage or both. Plant height was significantly reduced by the 10,000 and 15,000 ppm treatments applied at the 8-leaf or 4- and 8-leaf stage, but the 5,000 ppm treatment was generally ineffective. Total weight was significantly reduced by daminozide, 15,000 ppm being the most effective. Plants treated at the 4-leaf stage had a significantly higher total weight than those treated at the 4- and 8-leaf stage. Both 10,000 and 15,000 ppm daminozide significantly increased leaf weight as a percentage of total weight when applied at the 8-leaf and 4- and 8-leaf stages.
Lactuca saligna L., a New Source of Resistance to Downy Mildew (Bremia lactucae Reg.)1
Authors: Netzer D. , Globerson D. , Sacks J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lactuca serriola L. and L. saligna collected in various regions of Israel were assayed for reaction to local races of Bremia lactucae. L. serriola was always found to be susceptible, whereas L. saligna was either resistant or segregated in its reaction. The F2 and F3 generations of a cross between L. saligna × L. sativa L. segregate in ratios which do not conform to any of the previously reported patterns of inheritance for resistance to downy mildew indicating new genes for resistance.
Evaluation of Quality Measurement Techniques for Raw Baby Lima Beans1
Authors: Kee W. E. , Fisher V. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flotation of raw baby lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in salt brines and flotation combined with sieve sizing were found to be reliable methods of segregating such beans into quality classes for evaluation and grading. The shearpress gave only a general indication of the over-all quality of a lot, since it did not facilitate segregation of individual beans.
‘White Troll’ Browallia1
Authors: Semeniuk Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are very few small flowered ornamental plants that are ideal for use either in containers or as bedding plants. In 1973, a breeding program was initiated in the Ornamentals Laboratory to develop clones of Browallia speciosa Hook, suitable for year-round production in small containers (10 cm pots) that would have mass-market appeal.
‘Oregon Sugarpod’ Pea1
Authors: Baggett J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Oregon Sugarpod’ edible-pod pea (Pisum sativum L.), was released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 1971. Initially developed for areas of the Pacific Northwest where enation mosaic virus is a problem, this cultivar appears to be finding wider acceptance because it bears large pods comparable to those of ‘Mammoth Melting Sugar’ but on a dwarf plant similar to the ‘Perfection’ types. In this respect, it may be unique among American cultivars.
‘Worthmore’ Southernpea1
Authors: Gay J. Dan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A major limiting factor in the production of southernpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is the relative susceptibility of most cultivars to one or more virus diseases. ‘Worthmore’, a new southernpea cultivar of the purple hull crowder type, was selected for its resistance or tolerance to several virus diseases. ‘Worthmore’ appears well suited for home gardens, fresh market, and processing.
‘Oregon CR-1’ Broccoli1
Authors: Baggett J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Oregon CR-1’ is a late maturing cultivar of broccoli, Brassica oleracea (Italica group), resistant to clubroot, Plasmodtophora brassicae. Wor. It was released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station for commercial production and as a source of clubroot resistance for plant breeders.
Protein Quality and Quantity of Tropical Roots and Tubers1
Authors: Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The U.S. National Academy of Sciences issued a report in 1966 (1) stressing the need for research on the principal food plants of the world. Although about 3,000 different species are utilized by humans as food, only about 150 are commercially important. Of these, wheat, com or maize, rice, potato, various beans, sugar cane, sweet potato, sugar beets and cassava feed the majority of the world population. Four are root and tuber crops: sugar beets, cassava, sweet potato and potato. In the temperate areas potatoes, and to a somewhat lesser extent sweet potatoes, are important foods. In the tropics, various other root and tuber crops are also considered staples and zealously cultivated and preserved (18).
Methomyl Insecticide Selective Phytotoxicity on Sweet Corn Hybrids and Inbreds Having the Texas Male Sterile Cytoplasm1
Authors: Humaydan H. S. , Scott E. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Methomyl insecticide (Lannate 90 wp) was selectively phytotoxic on hybrids and inbreds of sweet com (Zea mays L.) having the Texas male sterile cytoplasm (T-msc). In field and greenhouse tests, phytotoxicity was visible at leaf tips and margins 2 days after a foliar application of 300 ppm methomyl. In the greenhouse, a pre- or postemergence application of methomyl, 75 mg/kg soil resulted in severe necrosis, chlorosis, and eventual death of the seedlings. None of 100 hybrids and inbreds with normal cytoplasm and 4 other different sources of sterile cytoplasm showed any visible injury following a foliar or soil application of methomyl.
Factors Affecting Ethephon-induced Red Color Development in Harvested Fruits of the rin Tomato Mutant1
Authors: Buescher R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of ethephon concentration, maturity, and length of storage before treatment on red color development were determined in harvested rin tomatoes. Red color development was greater in fruits treated with 1% ethephon than in fruits treated with higher or lower concentrations. Ethephon-induced color was greater in fruits treated 42 days from anthesis than in fruits treated at 35, 49, 56, and 63 days. Less red color developed as time in storage before treatment increased. It is suggested that ethephon (ethylene) directs red color formation in rin fruits if it is applied prior to the onset of predetermined pathways which result in the expression of the yellow color.
Effect of pH on Yield and Leaf Composition of Hydroponic Tomatoes1
Authors: Wallihan E. F. , Sharpless R. G. , Printy Wilma L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Tropic) grown in sand cultures receiving complete nutrient solutions set markedly fewer fruits when solutions were allowed to drift to pH 8 or higher. Leaf analyses revealed P deficiency, even though P supply in the sand was apparently adequate.
Horizontal Plant Orientation Delays Flowering in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Robitaille Henry A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flowering in many plants can be geotropically influenced. Apple limbs are tied down as a commercial practice to increase flowering, and pineapple plants tipped on their sides flowered earlier than those grown upright (5). Flowering at the lower nodes of soybean plants was improved after weights were used to make stem tips grow downward (1). In apple (2) and pineapple (3) there is evidence that the geotropic stimulation may be mediated through ethylene. The effect of horizontal placement of plants on flowering of Phaseolus vulgaris was investigated, since ethephon treatments have increased flowering in that plant (4).
Response of Celery to Ozone1
Authors: Proctor J. T. A. , Ormrod D. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants of 8 cultivars of celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce) exposed to ozone under controlled conditions, or grown in the field under ambient conditions, had comparable injury symptoms but varied in relative susceptibility to injury in the 2 different environments.
Observations of PBA-induced Bulbil Production in Onion Inflorescences1
Authors: Vest G. , Subramanya R. , Jackson E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bulbils were produced in the umbels of onion plants when the bulbs were treated at the time of planting with PBA carried in methyl cellosolve. Methyl cellosolve alone and a PBA-acetone formulation did not induce bulbil formation.
Preharvest Ethephon Application Reduces Muskmelon Quality1
Authors: Yamaguchi M. , Hughes D. L. , Tyler K. B. , Johnson H. , May D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Preharvest application of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) to muskmelon (Cucumis melo L., Reticulatus group) significantly reduced the soluble solids content and the sucrose concentration of fruits harvested at the full-slip stage. Texture and flavor ratings were also reduced. During 5 days at 20°C, the flesh of fruits from treated plants softened more rapidly and was more aromatic than the fruits from untreated plants.
A Statistical Method of Determining Chill Unit and Growing Degree Hour Requirements for Deciduous Fruit Trees1
Authors: Ashcroft Gaylen L. , Richardson E. Arlo , Seeley Schuyler D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dates of rest completion are rarely available for determining the chill unit and growing degree hour requirements of deciduous fruit trees. A statistical process has been developed which permits these constants to be determined from temperature data and dates of full bloom. Bloom dates calculated from the model using the statistically derived constants compare favorably with observed dates of full bloom.
Wisconsin (BBSR) 130 Bean Breeding Line1
Authors: Hagedorn D. J. , Rand R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Here we report the first bush green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with excellent resistance to the bacterial brown spot disease (Pseudomonas syringae van Hall). This new green bean breeding line (Fig. 1) has been designated Wis. (BBSR) 130, and is recommended for use in breeding programs.
Flower Bud Formation, Flowering, and Fruiting in Highbush Blueberry in Response to Chlormequat, Ethephon, and Daminozide
Authors: Robbins Jo Ann , Doughty Charles C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Midsummer application of butanedioic acid mono-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), 2500 ppm, or (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat), 3000 ppm, with or without (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), 2000 ppm, were applied to highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) ‘Stanley’ and ‘Bluecrop’. Flower bud set and flower number were increased by daminozide on both cultivars. ‘Stanley’ plants showed an increase in numbers of fruit per shoot and total yield. Ethephon generally did not interact with growth retardants, but evoked a response similar to daminozide in ‘Bluecrop’.
Embryo Development in ‘Kerman’ Pistachio
Authors: Tzong-Shyan Lin , Polito Vito S. , Crane Julian C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Five to 6 weeks elapsed between full bloom and zygote division of ‘Kerman’ pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). Various patterns of cell division in the proembryo, after transverse division in the zygote, brought about formation of a globular to heart-shaped embryo in the following 3–4 weeks. Cell enlargement in the cotyledons during the subsequent 4–5 weeks contributed mainly to final embryo size. The transition from free-nuclear to cellular endosperm was not limited to a definite stage of embryo development. The endosperm was almost digested by the time the embryo reached its ultimate size.
Response of Two Container-grown Ilex Species to Preemergence Herbicides
Authors: Singh Megh , Phatak S. C. , Glaze N. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Container-grown Chinese holly (Ilex cornuta Lindl. Paxt. cv. Burfordii) and Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. cv. Helleri) were treated with 6 preemergence herbicides: alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide], napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide], oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide), and oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] at 2.2, 4.5, 9.0, and 17.9 kg/ha; oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] at 1.1, 2.2, 4.5, and 9.0 kg/ha; and prodiamine [2,4-dinitro-N3,N3-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine] at 4.5, 9.0, and 13.4 kg/ha. All herbicides at all rates significantly reduced the number and weight of weeds as compared to unweeded checks but higher rates were more effective. Lower rates of herbicides failed to control Pennsylvania bittercress, yellow wood sorrel, and purple nutsedge. Oryzalin at 9.0 and 17.9 kg/ha was phytotoxic to both hollies. Generally, Chinese holly was more tolerant to herbicides than Japanese holly. Oryzalin was most phytotoxic to Chinese holly and substantially reduced the growth and marketability of the plants. Oxyfluorfen at 9.0 kg/ha severely retarded the growth of Japanese holly.
In Vitro Propagation of Sansevieria trifasciata
Authors: Blazich Frank A. , Novitzky Roseann T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf explants of Sansevieria trifasciata Prain (snake plant) cultured in vitro on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.25 mg/liter 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) produced masses of meristemoids. The meristemoids formed shoots when the explants were transferred to a similar medium containing 0.3 mg/liter 6-furfurylam ino purine (kinetin). Shoots were rooted in vitro or under intermittent mist and grown as plants which appeared normal in vegetative characteristics to the parent plant.
Needle Color and Vigor of Inbred Progenies of Picea pungens
Authors: Cram W. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intensity of needle coloration for inbred seedlings of Picea pungens Engelm. (blue spruce) increased with seedling age. Needle color ratings for 7- and 10-year-old, inbred seedlings and parental trees were correlated. Mean heights of the 10-year-old, inbred progenies ranged from 50 to 76 cm, but bore no relationship to parental selffertility or needle color. In one selection, 94% of the inbred seedlings had silvery-blue foliage.
‘Harglow’ Apricot
Authors: Layne Richard E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Harglow’ is an attractive, high-quality, medium-sized apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) introduced in 1982 for the Ontario fresh market but also suitable for commercial processing and for home preserves. The tree is cold-hardy, late-blooming, moderately productive, and tolerant to perennial canker (Leucostoma spp.). The fruit are resistant to brown rot [Moniliniafructicola (Wint.) Honey] and bacterial spot [Xanthomonas pruni (E.F. Sm.) Dows.], and moderately resistant to skin cracking and preharvest drop. They ripen in the midseason; 6 and 3 days, respectively, after ‘Goldcot’ and ‘Veecot’ and about 3 Aug. at Harrow. ‘Harglow’ is adapted to regions of southern Ontario where apricots are grown successfully. Early reports of its performance in Michigan and Pennsylvania are promising.