National, sub-national, and risk-attributed burden of thyroid cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Azangou-Khyavy Mohammadreza , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Rezaei Negar , Esfahani Zahra , Rezaei Nazila , Azadnajafabad Sina , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Mohammadi Esmaeil ,   GBD 2019 Iran Thyroid Cancer Collaborators, Azangou-Khyavy Mohammadreza , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Rezaei Negar , Esfahani Zahra , Rezaei Nazila , Azadnajafabad Sina , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Abbasi-Kangevari Zeinab , Abolhassani Hassan , Ahmadi Sepideh , Ahmadi Ali , Amini Saeed , Amlashi Fazel Isapanah , Anoushirvani Ali Arash , Arabloo Jalal , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin , Jafari Amirhossein Azari , Besharat Sima , Bijani Ali , Daryani Ahmad , Dianatinasab Mostafa , Didehdar Mojtaba , Fatehizadeh Ali , Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi , Ghashghaee Ahmad , Goleij Pouya , Golitaleb Mohamad , Hafezi-Nejad Nima , Haj-Mirzaian Arvin , Hassanipour Soheil , Kabir Ali , Keramati Maryam , Khalilov Rovshan , Khayamzadeh Maryam , Kolahi Ali-Asghar , Kompani Farzad , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Livani Somayeh , Mahjoub Soleiman , Malekpour Mohammad-Reza , Malih Narges , Mansouri Borhan , Nasab Entezar Mehrabi , Mirmoeeni Seyyedmohammadsadeq , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah , Mohammadpourhodki Reza , Momtazmanesh Sara , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Najafi Houshang , Nazari Javad , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Noori Maryam , Nowroozi Ali , Kan Fatemeh Pashazadeh , Pezzani Raffaele , Rafiei Sima , Raoofi Samira , Razeghinia Mohammad Sadegh , Rezaei Maryam , Rezaei Saeid , Rezaei Nima , Rezazadeh-Khadem Sahba , Saeedi Farhad , Sahebazzamani Maryam , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Shahabi Saeed , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Sheikhbahaei Sara , Shirkoohi Reza , Shobeiri Parnian , Valizadeh Rohollah , Zare Iman , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Jamshidi Hamidreza , Mokdad Ali H. , Naghavi Mohsen , Farzadfar Farshad , Larijani Bagher , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Jamshidi Hamidreza , Mokdad Ali H. , Naghavi Mohsen , Farzadfar Farshad , Larijani Bagher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn updated exploration of the burden of thyroid cancer across a country is always required for making correct decisions. The objective of this study is to present the thyroid cancer burden and attributed burden to the high Body Mass Index (BMI) in Iran at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2019. The data was obtained from the GBD 2019 study estimates. To explain the pattern of changes in incidence from 1990 to 2019, decomposition analysis was conducted. Besides, the attribution of high BMI in the thyroid cancer DALYs and deaths were obtained. The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 1.57 (95% UI: 1.33–1.86) in 1990 and increased 131% (53–191) until 2019. The age-standardized prevalence rate of thyroid cancer was 30.19 (18.75–34.55) in 2019 which increased 164% (77–246) from 11.44 (9.38–13.85) in 1990. In 2019, the death rate, and Disability-adjusted life years of thyroid cancer was 0.49 (0.36–0.53), and 13.16 (8.93–14.62), respectively. These numbers also increased since 1990. The DALYs and deaths attributable to high BMI was 1.91 (0.95–3.11) and 0.07 (0.04–0.11), respectively. The thyroid cancer burden and high BMI attributed burden has increased from 1990 to 2019 in Iran. This study and similar studies’ results can be used for accurate resource allocation for efficient management and all potential risks’ modification for thyroid cancer with a cost-conscious view.