bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison between silicone‐free and silicone‐based emulsions: Technological features and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Mancuso Antonia , Tarsitano Martine , Udongo Betty P. , Cristiano Maria Chiara , Torella Daniele , Paolino Donatella , Fresta Massimo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveNowadays, the use of silicones in cosmetic formulation is still controversial, given that “natural” or “biodegradable” components are preferred. Often, the exclusion and/or the discrimination of these excipients from cosmetic field are unmotivated because all things cannot be painted with the same brush. Hence, we want to bring to light and underline the advantages of including silicones in cosmetic emulsions, refuting and debunking some myths related to their use.MethodsSilicone‐free and silicone‐based emulsions were obtained within an easy homogenization process. Droplet size distribution was assessed by laser diffraction particle size analyser Mastersizer 2000™, and by optical microscopy. The long‐time stability profiles were investigated thanks to the optical analyser Turbiscan® Lab Expert. Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) by Rheolaser Master™ and frequency sweep measurements by Kinexus® Pro Rotational Rheometer were carried out to assess a full rheological characterization. In vivo studies were carried out by the evaluation of Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) over time on healthy human volunteers. A skin feeling rating was collected from the same volunteers by questionnaire.ResultsFrom size distribution analysis, a better coherence of data appeared for silicone‐based emulsion, as the size of the droplets was kept unchanged after 1 month, as well as the uniformity parameter. Morphological investigation confirmed a homogenous droplet distribution for both samples. Silicones enhanced the viscosity, compactness and strength of the cream, providing a suitable stability profile both at room temperature and when heated at 40°C. The solid‐like viscoelastic behaviour was assessed in the presence of dynamic oscillatory stresses. The monitoring of TEWL over time demonstrated non‐occlusive properties of emulsions containing silicones, the values of which were comparable to the negative control. Silicone‐based emulsions gained higher scores from the volunteers in silkiness, freshness and softness features, while lower scores were obtained in greasiness compared to silicone‐free emulsions. No cases of irritation were recorded by the candidates.ConclusionThe presence of specific silicones inside a cosmetic product improved its technological characteristics. The rheological identity and the stability feature showed the real suitability of prepared emulsion as a cosmetic product. Moreover, this study demonstrated that silicone‐based emulsions are safe for the skin and did not cause skin occlusion. Improved skin sensations are registered by potential consumers when silicones are included in the formulation.
“More is not always better”: Park's sweet spot theory‐driven implementation strategy for viable optimal safe nurse staffing policy in practice
Authors: Park Claire Su‐Yeon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThis paper aims to propose Park's sweet spot theory‐driven implementation strategy, which makes optimal safe staffing policy really work in nursing practice.BackgroundFor the last 40 years, mainstream nursing workforce research has emphasized that having more registered nurses leads to better patient outcomes, and yet staffing policies have failed to implement this crucial concept. Meanwhile, global nursing shortages have become rampant, a problem that only dilutes the skill‐mix ratios in the nursing workforce. Low fertility and an aging population worldwide are then accelerating these shortages. These dire circumstances may be persisting because of unclear, unsubstantiated cost‐efficiency in the nursing workforce. For this reason, there remains a dearth of well‐researched evidence for a clear threshold on optimal safe staffing levels that could maximize quality of care relative to cost given limited healthcare financial budgets and which could also be fitted into each care setting. Along with that, an implementation strategy for optimal safe staffing levels is nonexistent.Sources of evidenceAn implementation strategy has been developed through interdisciplinary consilience‐based theory synthesis of both prospective theory and regulatory focus theory combined with Park's optimized nursing staffing (sweet spot) estimation theory.Discussion/conclusionsA theory‐driven novel implementation strategy is proposed, which functions as a nudge strategy that uses the synchronous balance of quality of care, nurse staffing, and cost. It illustrates (1) how to create shared value among patients, nurses, and stakeholders through robust evidence‐based, informed shared decision‐making rationales on the optimal safe nurse staffing levels and (2) how to induce stakeholders to overcome resistance to innovation and improve their nursing workforce through value chain in management science.Implications for nursing workforce policyThis novel implementation strategy may be a viable solution to mitigate the nursing shortage by leading stakeholders (1) to compete with each other (on the basis of nursing sufficiency) and (2) to competitively demonstrate the patient‐centered value (patient‐perceived care quality relative to cost) of their institutions.
Prediction of diabetic foot amputation using newly revised DIRECT coding system: Comparison of accuracy with that of five existing classification systems
Authors: Lee Da Woon , Kwak Si Hyun , Kim Jun Hyuk , Choi Hwan Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) causes various complications over time, one such complication is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), which are challenging to treat and can lead to amputation. Additionally, a system for accurate prediction of amputation has yet to be developed. In total, 131 patients were included in the study after retrospectively collecting data from 2016 to 2020 about DFU. The collected data were used for comparison of the accuracy between five existing classification systems and the newly revised DIRECT coding system, and investigation of risk factors for lower extremity amputation (LEA). The existing five classification systems and DIRECT system can effectively predict LEA. The DIRECT3 system has three elements, C‐reactive protein (CRP), ulcer history (UH), and hypertension (HTN) in addition to those of the DIRECT system. It had a high predictive value and accuracy similar to that of Wagner and University of Texas (UT) on depth among the five classification systems. Among the statistically significant risk factors, duration of DM and HTN, haemoglobin (Hb), CRP, and UH showed an association with LEA. The DIRECT coding system is effective for predicting LEA and explaining appropriate treatment methods for DFU, and is widely applicable because of its user accessibility and convenience.
Fe2O3 powder modified with Ce0.6Mn0.3Fe0.1O2 and Cr2O3 prepared by spray pyrolysis method for rechargeable Fe–air cell
Authors: Ishihara Tatsumi , Kim Hackho , Inoishi Yuiko , Matsuda Junko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHighly porous and uniform sphere shape Fe powder with a nano‐porous structure can be prepared successfully with a spray pyrolysis method and applied for solid oxide Fe–air rechargeable battery, which is consisted of solid oxide reversible cells using an H2O/H2 redox mediator. The prepared Fe powder modified with both Cr2O3 and Ce0.6Mn0.3Fe0.1O2 shows a high redox reaction rate as well as cycle stability by uniform distribution. A discharge capacity of 1100 mAh·g‐Fe−1 with almost 100% coulombic efficiency was achieved at initial cycles and that larger than 800 mAh·g‐Fe−1 was sustained over 20 cycles at 873 K. After the reduction of Fe powder with H2 flow so‐called chemical charge, a discharge capacity of 900 mAh·g‐Fe−1 was recovered and stably sustained for the following 20 cycles (40 total cycles), and discharge capacity may be sustained further longer cycles at 823 K. The round‐trip efficiency for charge and discharge was about 90%, which can be assigned to the high reversibility of Fe redox with nano‐porous structure prepared by spray pyrolysis method.
Scaling anti‐plagiarism efforts to meet the needs of large online computer science classes: Challenges, solutions, and recommendations
Authors: Adkins Keith L. , Joyner David A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlagiarism is a very serious offence in academic institutions. Yet there is some reluctance to address plagiarism by educators as its enforcement can require a significant time commitment if not handled wisely. Handling plagiarism at scale has the potential to exacerbate this problem.ObjectivesThis article explores the challenges educators face when it comes to enforcing plagiarism from within the course environment, presents a solution that addresses these challenges, and provides guidelines for preventing and detecting plagiarism in our at‐scale courses.MethodsA workflow is shared which was created from our experience of handling plagiarism within our large online computer science graduate level program. We present an empirical study of this workflow that shows the overall prevalence of misconduct.Results and ConclusionsResults demonstrate this workflow being effectively and efficiently applied to address plagiarism across four courses and three semesters by a single individual working half time. We have observed that warnings on low‐stakes assignments can be very effective at deterring future misconduct. We have also observed that cases come to a quicker resolution when students readily acknowledge their own misconduct after being promptly notified.Takeaways from the studyPlagiarism should not only be managed through institution wide policies, but also through effective strategies implemented in the course environment. This is particularly important when handling plagiarism at scale. Addressing plagiarism starts in the course and therefore effective strategies for handling it there are needed.
First Order for some. How Different Forms of Politicization Motivated Voters in the 2019 European Parliamentary Election
Authors: Alt Dorian , Brandes Erik , Nonhoff David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDifferent theories of politicization in EP elections entail very different conclusions for EU legitimacy. The somber predictions of second‐order election (SOE) theory have been challenged by theories of polity politicization in recent years, but many scholars still believe policy politicization to be most desirable from a normative point of view. Despite its importance, there are few studies investigating the meaning citizens attach to their voting decision, which is crucial for disentangling different forms of politicization. We address this gap by choosing a qualitative and explorative research design, conducting 107 semi‐structured interviews in France, Germany and Poland on the day of the 2019 EP elections. Our analysis of voter motivations provides evidence of SOE behavior, but also of European‐level polity and policy politicization. The fact that voters are motivated by different forms of politicization challenges the hegemony of SOE theory. For some voters, EP elections are first order. This is good news for EP legitimacy.
The emerging era of personalized medicine in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Claudia W K , Reid Madeleine , Leedham Simon , Lui Rashid N 
Published: July 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with its pathogenesis often driven by varying genetic or epigenetic alterations. This has led to a substantial number of patients developing chemoresistance and treatment failure, resulting in a high mortality rate for advanced disease. Deep molecular analysis has allowed for the discovery of key intestinal signaling pathways which impacts colonic epithelial cell fate, and the integral role of the tumor microenvironment on cancer growth and dissemination. Through transitioning pre‐clinical knowledge in research into clinical practice, many potential druggable targets within these pathways have been discovered in the hopes of overcoming the roadblocks encountered by conventional therapies. A personalized approach tailoring treatment according to the histopathological and molecular features of individual tumors can hopefully translate to better patient outcomes, and reduce the rate of recurrence in patients with advanced CRC. Herein, the latest understanding on the molecular science behind CRC tumorigenesis, and the potential treatment targets currently at the forefront of research are summarized.
The paradoxes of smartphone use: Understanding the user experience in today's connected world
Authors: Faber Aida , Bee Colleen , Girju Marina , Onel Naz , Rossi Anne Marie , Cozac Marina , Lutz Richard J. , Nardini Gia , Song Camilla Eunyoung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe use a paradox approach (Mick & Fournier) to explore how consumers use and experience their smartphones. To do so, we use a mixed method approach where we interviewed 28 participants across seven focus groups to learn more about when and how they used their smartphones. Participants reported many tensions with regard to their smartphone use, from which we derived one overarching paradox and five specific paradoxes, including two new paradoxes. To support and extend our qualitative findings, we also administered a questionnaire examining the proposed paradoxes and their possible connections to important consumer consequences such as ambivalence, attachment, and well‐being. Overall, we found evidence of a push and pull (or ambivalent) relationship between participants and their smartphones. Specifically, its great functionality and reliability make the connection cherished, but this ongoing reliance takes away the very same things it was meant to help build.
Novel human skin surface antimicrobial peptide quantification method using a skin patch test chamber: A pilot study
Authors: Lee Jinyong , Kwon Oh Sun , Shim Yu Mi , Kim Sang Kyung , Jeong Eui Taek , Lim Jun Man , Park Sun Gyoo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on the skin surface are related to the innate immunity of the skin in preventing external infection. Skin rinsing and tape stripping (TS) are acceptable methods for analyzing AMPs on the skin surface but have limitations, such as causing skin damage. In this study, we proposed a noninvasive method to measure AMPs on the skin surface with minimal skin damage.MethodsUsing the patch test assay, we aimed to analyze the skin surface human β‐defensin (hBDs) levels without damaging the skin barrier. The concentrations of hBDs on the skin surface were evaluated through the skin patch testing of 13 healthy subjects, and hBD‐1 concentrations were compared with those obtained using the TS method in this proof‐of‐concept study. In addition, changes in skin physiology and concentration of hBDs under 1% sodium lauryl sulfate stimulation were monitored in 14 healthy subjects (8 young and 6 elderly subjects) for 150 h.ResultsThe correlation between the two methods had a Pearson's coefficient of 0.640, and skin patch analysis led to a relatively less impaired barrier with no significant increase in transepidermal water loss after analysis. Age‐specific comparisons suggested that higher skin surface hBD‐2 concentrations were present in the young group as compared with the elderly group. Skin surface expression of hBD‐2 after skin barrier disruption was also higher in the young group.ConclusionOur findings show that skin patch analysis is a convenient method to analyze hBDs on the skin surface. hBDs are factors of innate immunity that can be used as an index to predict a decreased chemical immune response of skin due to aging.
Forecasting in the absence of precedent
Authors: Ho Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe survey approaches to macroeconomic forecasting during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Due to the unprecedented nature of the episode, there was greater dependence on information outside the econometric model, captured through either adjustments to the model or additional data. The transparency and flexibility of assumptions were especially important for interpreting real‐time forecasts and updating forecasts as new data were observed. We revisit these themes with a time‐varying parameter (TVP) vector autoregression (VAR), which attributes the large jumps primarily to increased volatility rather than changes in the type or propagation of shocks.
Diagnostic performance of the AAP/EFP classification and the CDC/AAP case definition among pregnant women and a practical screening tool for maternal periodontal diseases
Authors: Li Hui‐Jun , Zhao Dan , Xu Xiaoyi , Yu Rong , Zhang Feng , Cheng Tianfan , Zheng Zheng , Yang Hong , Yang Chuanzhong , Yao Jilong , Wen Ping , Jin Lijian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere is a limited number of studies on the performance assessment of the 2017 AAP/EFP classification and the CDC/AAP case definition among pregnant females. This study evaluated the agreement between these two systems and explored a practical tool for screening maternal periodontal diseases by general dentists.Materials and MethodsTotally, 204 systemically healthy females at different phases of pregnancy underwent a full‐mouth periodontal examination. Demographic characteristics, lifestyles, and systemic conditions were recorded. Referring to the CDC/AAP definition, the diagnostic performance of the AAP/EFP classification was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and statistical tests (e.g., Youden's index and kappa coefficient). Additionally, a modified scoring system of the FDI Periodontal Diseases Chairside Guide (FDI‐CG) was formulated with the addition of pregnancy for testing accordingly.ResultsOverall, there were 22.1% of the participants in early phase of pregnancy (7–13 weeks) and 77.9% in late phase (34–36 weeks). The majority of them were below 35 years and non‐smokers without gestational diabetes. Notably, 30.9% of subjects presented with Moderate/Severe periodontitis (CDC/AAP), and 35.8% with Stages II‐IV periodontitis (AAP/EFP). Referring to the CDC/AAP definition, the AUC, Youden's index, and κ of the AAP/EFP classification were 0.979, 0.890, and 92.9%, respectively. The modified FDI‐CG system improved the AUC (0.815), Youden's index (63.0%), and κ (0.544) with reference to the original one.ConclusionsThis study shows that the AAP/EFP classification is in high agreement with the CDC/AAP definition among the pregnant women. The phases of pregnancy‐integrated FDI scoring system may serve as a convenient screening tool for maternal periodontal diseases in general dental practice.
Near‐infrared fluorescent image‐guided lymph node dissection compared with locoregional lymphadenectomies in dogs with mast cell tumours
Authors: Beer P. , Rohrer‐Bley C. , Nolff M. C. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesNear‐infrared fluorescent imaging has been described for intraoperative mapping of the draining lymph nodes in human cancer and canine oral tumours. The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the results of lymphadenectomies in dogs with mast cell tumours treated either by standard unguided locoregional lymph node dissection or near‐infrared fluorescent image‐guided lymph node dissection.MethodsMedical records between 2012 and 2020 were reviewed for dogs that were presented for surgical resection of mast cell tumours with concurrent lymphadenectomy either with (near‐infrared fluorescent image‐guided lymph node dissection) or without near‐infrared fluorescence image guidance (lymph node dissection). The number and location of lymph nodes planned for surgical dissection and actually dissected nodes, presence of metastases and perioperative complications were recorded.ResultsThirty‐five patients underwent near‐infrared fluorescent image‐guided lymph node dissection, and 43 lymph node dissections. The number of nodes preoperatively planned for resection were 70 and 68, respectively. Fifty‐eight of those (83%) were identified during near‐infrared fluorescent image‐guided lymph node dissection procedures, compared with 50 (74%) during lymph node dissection. near‐infrared fluorescent image‐guided lymph node dissection resulted in resection of additional fluorescent nodes not corresponding to locoregional nodes in 15 of 35 dogs. Using near‐infrared fluorescent image‐guided lymph node dissection, we identified at least one metastatic node in 68% of dogs (24 of 35) compared with 33% (14 of 43) when lymph node dissection was used without imaging. No complications related to near‐infrared fluorescent imaging were reported.Clinical SignificanceThe present study suggests that near‐infrared imaging is a promising technique for intraoperative detection of the draining lymph nodes in dogs with mast cell tumours. Further validation of the technique is required to assess if near‐infrared fluorescent imaging can detect the true sentinel lymph node.
Targeted sequencing of candidate gene regions for myelofibrosis in dogs
Authors: Campbell Amelia G. , Seelig Davis M. , Beckman Joan D. , Minor Katie M. , Heinrich Daniel A. , Friedenberg Steven G. , Modiano Jaime F. , Furrow Eva 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMyelofibrosis often lacks an identifiable cause in dogs. In humans, most primary myelofibrosis cases develop secondary to driver mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of variants in JAK2, CALR, or MPL candidate regions in dogs with myelofibrosis and in healthy dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐six dogs with myelofibrosis that underwent bone marrow biopsy between 2010 and 2018 and 25 control dogs matched for age, sex, and breed.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Amplicon sequencing of JAK2 exons 12 and 14, CALR exon 9, and MPL exon 10 was performed on formalin‐fixed, decalcified, paraffin‐embedded bone marrow (myelofibrosis) or peripheral blood (control) DNA. Somatic variants were categorized as likely‐benign or possibly‐pathogenic based on predicted impact on protein function. Within the myelofibrosis group, hematologic variables and survival were compared by variant status (none, likely‐benign only, and ≥1 possibly‐pathogenic). The effect of age on variant count was analyzed using linear regression.ResultsEighteen of 26 (69%) myelofibrosis cases had somatic variants, including 9 classified as possibly‐pathogenic. No somatic variants were detected in controls. Within the myelofibrosis group, hematologic variables and survival did not differ by variant status. The number of somatic variants per myelofibrosis case increased with age (estimate, 0.69; SE, 0.29; P = .03).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSomatic variants might initiate or perpetuate myelofibrosis in dogs. Our findings suggest the occurrence of clonal hematopoiesis in dogs, with increasing incidence with age, as observed in humans.