bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive performances across individuals at high genetic risk for schizophrenia, high genetic risk for bipolar disorder, and low genetic risks: a combined polygenic risk score approach
Authors: Ohi Kazutaka , Nishizawa Daisuke , Sugiyama Shunsuke , Takai Kentaro , Fujikane Daisuke , Kuramitsu Ayumi , Hasegawa Junko , Soda Midori , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki , Hashimoto Ryota , Ikeda Kazutaka , Shioiri Toshiki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) display cognitive impairments, but the impairments in those with SCZ are more prominent, supported by genetic overlap between SCZ and cognitive impairments. However, it remains unclear whether cognitive performances differ between individuals at high and low genetic risks for SCZ or BD.MethodsUsing the latest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) data, we calculated PGC3 SCZ-, PGC3 BD-, and SCZ v. BD polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in 173 SCZ patients, 70 unaffected first-degree relatives (FRs) and 196 healthy controls (HCs). Based on combinations of three PRS deciles, individuals in the genetic SCZ, genetic BD and low genetic risk groups were extracted. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia.ResultsSCZ-, BD-, SCZ v. BD-PRSs were associated with case–control status (R2 = 0.020–0.061), and SCZ-PRS was associated with relative–control status (R2 = 0.023). Furthermore, individuals in the highest decile for SCZ PRSs had elevated BD-PRSs [odds ratio (OR) = 6.33] and SCZ v. BD-PRSs (OR = 1.86) compared with those in the lowest decile. Of the three genetic risk groups, the low genetic risk group contained more HCs, whereas the genetic BD and SCZ groups contained more SCZ patients (p < 0.05). SCZ patients had widespread cognitive impairments, and FRs had cognitive impairments that were between those of SCZ patients and HCs (p < 0.05). Cognitive differences between HCs in the low genetic risk group and SCZ patients in the genetic BD or genetic SCZ groups were more prominent (Cohen's d > −0.20) than those between HCs and SCZ patients in the no genetic risk group. Furthermore, SCZ patients in the genetic SCZ group displayed lower scores in verbal fluency and attention than those in the genetic BD group (d > −0.20).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that cognitive impairments in SCZ are partially mediated through genetic loadings for SCZ but not BD.
Eruption Rates, Tempo, and Stratigraphy of Paleocene Flood Basalts on Baffin Island, Canada
Authors: Biasi Joseph , Asimow Paul , Horton Forrest , Boyes Xenia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh‐temperature melting in mantle plumes produces voluminous eruptions that are often temporally coincident with mass extinctions. Paleocene Baffin Island lavas—products of early Iceland mantle plume activity—are exceptionally well characterized geochemically but have poorly constrained stratigraphy, geochronology, and eruptive tempos. To provide better geologic context, we measured seven stratigraphic sections of the volcanic deposits and collected paleomagnetic data from 38 sites in the lavas and underlying Cretaceous sediments (Quqaluit Fm.). The average paleomagnetic pole from this study does not overlap with the expected pole for a stable North American locality at 60 Ma, yet the data have sufficient dispersion to average out secular variation. After ruling out other possibilities, we find that the picrites were probably erupted during a polarity transition, over less than 5 kyr. If so, the average eruption interval was ∼67 years per flow for the thickest sequence of exposed lavas. We also calculate that the flood basalts had a minimum total volume of ∼176 km3 (excluding submerged lavas in Baffin Bay). This implies a minimum eruption rate of ∼0.035 km3 yr−1, which is similar to rates found in West Greenland lavas but less than rates found in larger flood basalts. Despite this, the Baffin and West Greenland lavas temporally correlate with the “End C27n event” (a period of ∼2°C global warming) and may be its underlying cause.
Space Geodetic Evidence of Basement‐Involved Thick‐Skinned Orogeny and Fault Frictional Heterogeneity of the Papuan Fold Belt, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Xu Wenbin , Liu Xiaoge , Bürgmann Roland , Xie Lei , Feng Guangcai , Li Zhiwei , Wu Lixin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKnowledge of the fault kinematics underlying the Papuan Fold Belt is important for better understanding the evolution of the orogen, but the active and long‐term tectonics of the region remain widely debated. The 2018 Mw 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake provides an unprecedented opportunity to probe the active fault structure deep in the Papuan Fold Belt. Here, we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data from four ALOS‐2 acquisitions to study coseismic and postseismic ground deformation and invert for fault slip models. The results show that the oblique reverse earthquake reactivated a flat‐ramp structure and ruptured through most of the crust with the majority of coseismic slip confined between 5 and 25 km. Additionally, we found three separated postseismic slip zones with variable spatial complementarity between coseismic and postseismic slip, dip‐slip/strike‐slip ratio, and seismic/aseismic budget at three separated postseismic slip zones. Our results demonstrate that thick‐skinned tectonics dominate the current state of Papua New Guinea frontal orogen evolution.
Body composition and bone mass among 5-year-old survivors of necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Magnusson Amanda , Swolin-Eide Diana , Elfvin Anders 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affects the intestine of preterm infants. Preterm infants risk inadequate bone mineralization. This risk may increase if the intestinal uptake of minerals is affected after NEC.

Methods
This is a study of growth, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and body composition at 5 years of age among Swedish children born before gestational week 37 + 0 with a history of NEC, minimum stage IIA, compared to matched controls. Fifty children, 25 NEC cases and 25 controls, were examined with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and DXA with laser.

Results
The NEC cases had lower weight, −1.3 SDS vs −0.7 SDS, a lower fat mass and fat percent, 23.4 vs 29.1%, compared to the controls. NEC cases had lower BMC total body head excluded, 355.6 g vs 416.7 g. BMD Z-scores were lower among NEC cases in total body head excluded, −0.7 vs −0.1, and in lumbar spine.

Conclusions
Preterm NEC survivors at 5 years of age had reduced growth, an altered body composition, and indications of a lower bone mass compared to matched controls. The study suggests that preterm infants diagnosed with NEC need special attention during childhood regarding growth and bone health.

Impact

A follow-up longitudinal study of growth, bone health, and body composition at 5 years of age among children born preterm with a history of NEC compared to matched controls.

The NEC cases had lower weight than controls.

NEC cases had an altered body composition with lower fat mass compared to controls.

The DXA results showed that the NEC cases had lower bone mineral content and a tendency to lower bone mineral density.

The study suggests that preterm infants diagnosed with NEC need special attention at follow-up regarding growth and bone health compared to preterm infants without NEC.
EPIKOL, a chromatin-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based screening platform, to identify cancer-specific epigenetic vulnerabilities
Authors: Yedier-Bayram Ozlem , Gokbayrak Bengul , Kayabolen Alisan , Aksu Ali Cenk , Cavga Ayse Derya , Cingöz Ahmet , Kala Ezgi Yagmur , Karabiyik Goktug , Günsay Rauf , Esin Beril , Morova Tunc , Uyulur Fırat , Syed Hamzah , Philpott Martin , Cribbs Adam P. , Kung Sonia H. Y. , Lack Nathan A. , Onder Tamer T. , Bagci-Onder Tugba 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDysregulation of the epigenome due to alterations in chromatin modifier proteins commonly contribute to malignant transformation. To interrogate the roles of epigenetic modifiers in cancer cells, we generated an epigenome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library (EPIKOL) that targets a wide-range of epigenetic modifiers and their cofactors. We conducted eight screens in two different cancer types and showed that EPIKOL performs with high efficiency in terms of sgRNA distribution and depletion of essential genes. We discovered novel epigenetic modifiers that regulate triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and prostate cancer cell fitness. We confirmed the growth-regulatory functions of individual candidates, including SS18L2 and members of the NSL complex (KANSL2, KANSL3, KAT8) in TNBC cells. Overall, we show that EPIKOL, a focused sgRNA library targeting ~800 genes, can reveal epigenetic modifiers that are essential for cancer cell fitness under in vitro and in vivo conditions and enable the identification of novel anti-cancer targets. Due to its comprehensive epigenome-wide targets and relatively high number of sgRNAs per gene, EPIKOL will facilitate studies examining functional roles of epigenetic modifiers in a wide range of contexts, such as screens in primary cells, patient-derived xenografts as well as in vivo models.
FOXA1 prevents nutrients deprivation induced autophagic cell death through inducing loss of imprinting of IGF2 in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Junjun , Zhang Yongchang , Wang Li , Li Min , Yang Jianbo , Chen Pan , Zhu Jie , Li Xiayu , Zeng Zhaoyang , Li Guiyuan , Xiong Wei , McCarthy James B. , Xiang Bo , Yi Mei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLung cancer remains one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) is a pioneer factor amplified in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, its role in LUAD remains elusive. In this study, we found that expression of FOXA1 enhanced LUAD cell survival in nutrients deprived conditions through inhibiting autophagic cell death (ACD). FOXA1 bound to the imprinting control region of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and interacted with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), leading to initiation of DNMT1-mediated loss of imprinting (LOI) of IGF2 and autocrine of IGF2. Blockage of IGF2 and its downstream insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) abolished the protective effect of FOXA1 on LUAD cells in nutrients deprived conditions. Furthermore, FOXA1 suppressed the expression of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1), a positive mediator of ACD, through ubiquitination of GBA1 enhanced by IGF2. Notably, FOXA1 expression in A549 cells reduced the efficacy of the anti-angiogenic drug nintedanib to inhibit xenograft tumor growth, whereas a combination of nintedanib with IGF1R inhibitor linsitinib or mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin enhanced tumor control. Clinically, high expression level of FOXA1 protein was associated with unfavorable prognosis in LUAD patients of advanced stage who received bevacizumab treatment. Our findings uncovered a previously unrecognized role of FOXA1 in mediating loss of imprinting of IGF2, which confer LUAD cells enhanced survival ability against nutrients deprivation through suppressing autophagic cell death.
Institutional decarbonization scenarios evaluated against the Paris Agreement 1.5 °C goal
Authors: Brecha Robert J. , Ganti Gaurav , Lamboll Robin D. , Nicholls Zebedee , Hare Bill , Lewis Jared , Meinshausen Malte , Schaeffer Michiel , Smith Christopher J. , Gidden Matthew J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractScientifically rigorous guidance to policy makers on mitigation options for meeting the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal requires an evaluation of long-term global-warming implications of greenhouse gas emissions pathways. Here we employ a uniform and transparent methodology to evaluate Paris Agreement compatibility of influential institutional emission scenarios from the grey literature, including those from Shell, BP, and the International Energy Agency. We compare a selection of these scenarios analysed with this methodology to the Integrated Assessment Model scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We harmonize emissions to a consistent base-year and account for all greenhouse gases and aerosol precursor emissions, ensuring a self-consistent comparison of climate variables. An evaluation of peak and end-of-century temperatures is made, with both being relevant to the Paris Agreement goal. Of the scenarios assessed, we find that only the IEA Net Zero 2050 scenario is aligned with the criteria for Paris Agreement consistency employed here. We investigate root causes for misalignment with these criteria based on the underlying energy system transformation.
Mechanochemical synthesis of inverse vulcanized polymers
Authors: Yan Peiyao , Zhao Wei , McBride Fiona , Cai Diana , Dale Joseph , Hanna Veronica , Hasell Tom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInverse vulcanization, a sustainable platform, can transform sulfur, an industrial by-product, into polymers with broad promising applications such as heavy metal capture, electrochemistry and antimicrobials. However, the process usually requires high temperatures (≥159 °C), and the crosslinkers needed to stabilize the sulfur are therefore limited to high-boiling-point monomers only. Here, we report an alternative route for inverse vulcanization—mechanochemical synthesis, with advantages of mild conditions (room temperature), short reaction time (3 h), high atom economy, less H2S, and broader monomer range. Successful generation of polymers using crosslinkers ranging from aromatic, aliphatic to volatile, including renewable monomers, demonstrates this method is powerful and versatile. Compared with thermal synthesis, the mechanochemically synthesized products show enhanced mercury capture. The resulting polymers show thermal and light induced recycling. The speed, ease, versatility, safety, and green nature of this process offers a more potential future for inverse vulcanization, and enables further unexpected discoveries.
Copper starvation induces antimicrobial isocyanide integrated into two distinct biosynthetic pathways in fungi
Authors: Won Tae Hyung , Bok Jin Woo , Nadig Nischala , Venkatesh Nandhitha , Nickles Grant , Greco Claudio , Lim Fang Yun , González Jennifer B. , Turgeon B. Gillian , Keller Nancy P. , Schroeder Frank C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe genomes of many filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., include diverse biosynthetic gene clusters of unknown function. We previously showed that low copper levels upregulate a gene cluster that includes crmA, encoding a putative isocyanide synthase. Here we show, using untargeted comparative metabolomics, that CrmA generates a valine-derived isocyanide that contributes to two distinct biosynthetic pathways under copper-limiting conditions. Reaction of the isocyanide with an ergot alkaloid precursor results in carbon-carbon bond formation analogous to Strecker amino-acid synthesis, producing a group of alkaloids we term fumivalines. In addition, valine isocyanide contributes to biosynthesis of a family of acylated sugar alcohols, the fumicicolins, which are related to brassicicolin A, a known isocyanide from Alternaria brassicicola. CrmA homologs are found in a wide range of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, some of which produce fumicicolin and fumivaline. Extracts from A. fumigatus wild type (but not crmA-deleted strains), grown under copper starvation, inhibit growth of diverse bacteria and fungi, and synthetic valine isocyanide shows antibacterial activity. CrmA thus contributes to two biosynthetic pathways downstream of trace-metal sensing.
Transcription-independent regulation of STING activation and innate immune responses by IRF8 in monocytes
Authors: Luo Wei-Wei , Tong Zhen , Cao Pan , Wang Fu-Bing , Liu Ying , Zheng Zhou-Qin , Wang Su-Yun , Li Shu , Wang Yan-Yi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSensing of cytosolic DNA of microbial or cellular/mitochondrial origin by cGAS initiates innate immune responses via the adaptor protein STING. It remains unresolved how the activity of STING is balanced between a productive innate immune response and induction of autoimmunity. Here we show that interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is essential for efficient activation of STING-mediated innate immune responses in monocytes. This function of IRF8 is independent of its transcriptional role in monocyte differentiation. In uninfected cells, IRF8 remains inactive via sequestration of its IRF-associated domain by its N- and C-terminal tails, which reduces its association with STING. Upon triggering the DNA sensing pathway, IRF8 is phosphorylated at Serine 151 to allow its association with STING via the IRF-associated domain. This is essential for STING polymerization and TBK1-mediated STING and IRF3 phosphorylation. Consistently, IRF8-deficiency impairs host defense against the DNA virus HSV-1, and blocks DNA damage-induced cellular senescence. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells which have an autoimmune phenotype due to deficiency of Trex1, respond to IRF-8 deletion with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients are characterized by elevated phosphorylation of IRF8 at the same Serine residue we find to be important in STING activation, and in these cells STING is hyper-active. Taken together, the transcription-independent function of IRF8 we describe here appears to mediate STING activation and represents an important regulatory step in the cGAS/STING innate immune pathway in monocytes.
Durable radiative cooling against environmental aging
Authors: Song Jianing , Zhang Wenluan , Sun Zhengnan , Pan Mengyao , Tian Feng , Li Xiuhong , Ye Ming , Deng Xu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo fight against global warming, subambient daytime radiative cooling technology provides a promising path to meet sustainable development goals. To achieve subambient daytime radiative cooling, the reflection of most sunlight is the essential prerequisite. However, the desired high solar reflectance is easily dampened by environmental aging, mainly natural soiling and ultraviolet irradiation from sunlight causing yellowish color for most polymers, making the cooling ineffective. We demonstrate a simple strategy to use titanium dioxide nanoparticles, with ultraviolet resistance, forming hierarchical porous morphology via evaporation-driven assembly, which guarantees a balanced anti-soiling and high solar reflectance, rendering anti-aging cooling paint based coatings. We challenge the cooling coatings in an accelerated weathering test against simulated 3 years of natural soiling and simulated 1 year of natural sunshine, and find that the solar reflectance only declined by 0.4% and 0.5% compared with the un-aged ones. We further show over 6 months of aging under real-world conditions with barely no degradation to the cooling performance. Our anti-aging cooling paint is scalable and can be spray coated on desired outdoor architecture and container, presenting durable radiative cooling, promising for real-world applications.
Mannose ameliorates experimental colitis by protecting intestinal barrier integrity
Authors: Dong Lijun , Xie Jingwen , Wang Youyi , Jiang Honglian , Chen Kai , Li Dantong , Wang Jing , Liu Yunzhi , He Jia , Zhou Jia , Zhang Liyun , Lu Xiao , Zou Xiaoming , Wang Xiang-Yang , Wang Qingqing , Chen Zhengliang , Zuo Daming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetabolite alteration has been associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including colitis. Mannose, a natural bioactive monosaccharide that is involved in metabolism and synthesis of glycoproteins, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. We show here that the circulating level of mannose is increased in patients with IBD and mice with experimental colitis. Mannose treatment attenuates intestinal barrier damage in two mouse colitis models, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and spontaneous colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. We demonstrate that mannose treatment enhanced lysosomal integrity and limited the release of cathepsin B, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-induced tight junction disruption in the context of intestinal epithelial damage. Mannose exerts a synergistic therapeutic effect with mesalamine on mouse colitis. Cumulatively, the results indicate that mannose supplementation may be an optional approach to the treatment of colitis and other diseases associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction.
Judo training program improves brain and muscle function and elevates the peripheral BDNF concentration among the elderly
Authors: Kujach Sylwester , Chroboczek Maciej , Jaworska Joanna , Sawicka Angelika , Smaruj Miroslaw , Winklewski Pawel , Laskowski Radoslaw 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProgrammed exercise interventions modulating both physical fitness and cognitive functions have become a promising tool to support healthy aging. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of a 12-week judo training (JEX) on cognitive processing and muscle function among the elderly. Forty participants were divided into two groups: the JEX group and the control group (CTL). Before and after 12-week of JEX, participants performed a battery of physiological and psychological tests. The peripheral level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was analyzed. A 12-week JEX intervention led to improved Stroop performance reflected by a shortening of the response time related to Stroop “naming” interference. In addition, the peripheral concentration of BDNF was significantly increased following the JEX compared with the CTL group. In response to JEX, balance and lower limb strength significantly increased. The current results suggest that JEX could have beneficial effects on cognitive functions, denoted by elevated peripheral BDNF, as well as on balance and strength abilities. A combination of positive effects with respect to movement and cognition makes JEX an ideal preventive lifestyle modification for the aging population.
Development of spiro-3-indolin-2-one containing compounds of antiproliferative and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties
Authors: Fawazy Nehmedo G. , Panda Siva S. , Mostafa Ahmed , Kariuki Benson M. , Bekheit Mohamed S. , Moatasim Yassmin , Kutkat Omnia , Fayad Walid , El-Manawaty May A. , Soliman Ahmed A. F. , El-Shiekh Riham A. , Srour Aladdin M. , Barghash Reham F. , Girgis Adel S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of 1″-(alkylsulfonyl)-dispiro[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3″-piperidine]-2,4″-diones 6a‒o has been synthesized through regioselective multi-component azomethine dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1-(alkylsulfonyl)-3,5-bis(ylidene)-piperidin-4-ones 3a‒h. X-ray diffraction studies (6b‒d,h) confirmed the structures. The majority of the synthesized analogs reveal promising antiproliferation properties against a variety of human cancer cell lines (MCF7, HCT116, A431 and PaCa2) with good selectivity index towards normal cell (RPE1). Some of the synthesized agents exhibit potent inhibitory properties against the tested cell lines with higher efficacies than the standard references (sunitinib and 5-fluorouracil). Compound 6m is the most potent. Multi-targeted inhibitory properties against EGFR and VEGFR-2 have been observed for the synthesized agents. Flow cytometry supports the antiproliferation properties and shows the tested agents as apoptosis and necrosis forming. Vero cell viral infection model demonstrates the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of the synthesized agents. Compound 6f is the most promising (about 3.3 and 4.8 times the potency of the standard references, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine). QSAR models explain and support the observed biological properties.