bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes copy number variation in colorectal cancer patients as a marker of the disease clinical outcome and response to therapy
Authors: Maslov A. A. , Chalkhakhyan L. Kh. , Malinin S. A. , Kaminsky G. V. , Mirzoyan E. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abnormal gene copies, a special type of genetic polymorphism, is a hallmark of most solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. Abnormal copy number of genes leads to tumor-specific genomic imbalance, which manifests itself already in precancerous precursor lesions. The aim of this review was to systematize the scattered data on changes in gene copy number observed in colorectal cancer and their impact on the outcome of the disease and response to therapy. The data from 58 studies was analyzed on gene copy number changes and their expression in primary carcinomas, cell lines and experimental models. This review examines the spectrum of genetic changes that lead to colorectal cancer, describes the most frequent changes in the number of gene copies at different stages of the disease, and changes in the number of gene copies that can potentially affect the outcome of the disease of individual patients or their response to therapy. In fact, aberrant gene copy number as a form of chromosomal imbalance affects a number of genes that provide a metabolic selective advantage for a tumor cell. Changes in the genes copy number in colorectal cancer patients not only positively correlate with changes in their expression, but also affect the levels of gene transcription at the genome-wide scale. Aberrant gene copy numbers are closely related to disease outcome and response to treatment with 5 fluorouracil, irinotecan, cetuximab and bevacizumab. Nevertheless, the possibility of translating the genes copy number index into clinical practice requires further research.
Perturbed T-shaped patch antenna with slits and a floating metal for 5G
Authors: Terovic Erol , Imeci Sehabeddin Taha 
Published: June 2022

This research paper highlights the process of designing and simulating a novel antenna. Our antenna is meant to be used in 5G applications (sub-6 Ghz). Simulating and designing was done using the Sonnet Suites software. The substrate used in our antenna is 1.55mm thick FR-4 substrate, that has a εr of 4.4. The antenna center frequency is 4.06 GHz. At the center frequency, S11 is -39.46 dB. Furthermore, the antenna has an E- of 5.75 dB, and E- of -9.99 dB. This antenna can be used in devices that use 5G technologies. This antenna has the benefit of being cheap to produce, while boasting good performance during operationThis research paper highlights the process of designing and simulating a novel antenna. Our antenna is meant to be used in 5G applications (sub-6 Ghz). Simulating and designing was done using the Sonnet Suites software. The substrate used in our antenna is 1.55mm thick FR-4 substrate, that has a εr of 4.4. The antenna center frequency is 4.06 GHz. At the center frequency, S11 is -39.46 dB. Furthermore, the antenna has an E- of 5.75 dB, and E- of -9.99 dB. This antenna can be used in devices that use 5G technologies. This antenna has the benefit of being cheap to produce, while boasting good performance during operation.
An Analytical Fourier Transformation Model for the Production of Hard and Soft X-Ray Time Lags in Active Galactic Nuclei: Application to 1H 0707-495
Authors: Baughman David C. , Becker Peter A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The variability of the X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei is often characterized using time lags observed between soft and hard energy bands in the detector. The time lags are usually computed using the complex cross-spectrum, which is based on the Fourier transforms of the hard and soft time series data. It has been noted that some active galactic nuclei display soft X-ray time lags, in addition to the more ubiquitous hard lags. Hard time lags are thought to be produced via propagating fluctuations, spatial reverberation, or via the thermal Comptonization of soft seed photons injected into a hot electron cloud. The physical origin of the soft lags has been a subject of debate over the last decade. Currently, the reverberation interpretation is recognized as a leading theory. In this paper, we explore the alternative possibility that the soft X-ray time lags result partially from the thermal and bulk Comptonization of monochromatic seed photons which, in the case of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0707-495, may correlate with fluorescence of iron L-line emission. In our model, the seed photons are injected into a hot, quasi-spherical corona in the inner region of the accretion flow. We develop an exact, time-dependent analytical model for the thermal and bulk Comptonization of the seed photons based on a Fourier-transformed radiation transport equation, and we demonstrate that the model successfully reproduces both the hard and soft time lags observed from 1H 0707-495.
The X-Ray Luminosity Function Evolution of Quasars and the Correlation between the X-Ray and Ultraviolet Luminosities
Authors: Singal J. , Mutchnick S. , Petrosian V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We explore the evolution of the X-ray luminosity function of quasars and the intrinsic correlation between the X-ray and 2500 Å ultraviolet luminosities, utilizing techniques verified in previous works and a sample of over 4000 quasars detected with Chandra and XMM-Newton in the range 0 < z < 5. We find that quasars have undergone significantly less evolution with redshift in their total X-ray luminosity than in other wave bands. We then determine that the best-fit intrinsic power-law correlation between the X-ray and ultraviolet luminosities, of the form

L

X

′

∝

(

L

UV

′

)

γ

, is γ = 0.28 ± 0.03, and we derive the luminosity function and density evolution in the X-ray band. We discuss the implications of these results for models of quasar systems.
Inferring the Gas-to-Dust Ratio in the Main Planet-forming Region of Disks
Authors: Jermyn Adam S. , Kama Mihkel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Measuring the amount of gas and dust in protoplanetary disks is a key challenge in planet formation studies. Here we provide a new set of dust depletion factors and relative mass surface densities of gas and dust for the innermost regions of a sample of protoplanetary disks. We do this by combining stellar theory with observed refractory element abundances in both disk hosts and open cluster stars. Our results are independent of, and complementary to, those obtained from spatially resolved disk observations.
Comparison of Microscopic Decompression and Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery in the Treatment of Lumbar Canal Stenosis and Herniated Disc: A One-year Follow-up
Authors: Librianto Didik , Ipang Fachrisal , Saleh Ifran , Srie Utami Widyastuti , Aprilya Dina , Nurhayati Rubiana , Imran Darma 
Published: June 2022

Backgrounds. Microscopic decompression (MD) has been widely used as an alternative to open decompression. Lately, biportal endoscopic spinal surgery (BESS) - a new approach in minimal-invasive spinal surgery – has also been used with good results. Although both groups can achieve adequate lumbar decompression, there is still a lack of evidence regarding their comparison. We aim to compare the outcomes of both techniques in a one-year follow-up.
Methods. This is a retrospective study in 100 consecutive patients with symptomatic lumbar spine compression due to herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) and lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) that was treated by either BESS or MD. Clinical evaluations using Visual Analog Score (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and SF-36 questionnaire were obtained. Objective data such as surgery duration, amount of postoperative drain production, and hospital length of stay were collected. Complications were noted throughout the follow-up time.
Results. The BESS group had a significantly lesser surgical duration, drain production, and length of stay. At one year follow-up, both groups achieved significant improvement in VAS, ODI, and SF-36 compared to the preoperative condition. Complications were not observed in the BESS group.
Conclusions. Both procedures were comparably effective to treat lumbar stenosis. Although this study shows superiority with BESS technique in immediate and long-term follow-up, the final choice may depend on the surgeon's preference
Influence of BMI on Serum Adiponectin, Resistine, and FBG among Overweight and Obese Females Diabetic Patient Type2
Authors: Hussein Salah Eldin Omar , Altoum Abd Elgadir Alamin , Osman Ahmed L. , Higazi Hassan M. K. I. , Ali Sara , Alfeel Ayman Hussien 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Background and aim: Obesity is a frequent comorbidity in patients with T2DM and it has been estimated that at least 90% of these patients are overweight or obese.[4] The risks of many complications and comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease) are considerably increased in patients with T2DM who have concomitant obesity. In this study evaluation the level of Resistine, Fasting Blood Glucose and Adiponectin in overweight, obese versus normal weight, females. Compare with the BMI. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional - case-control study, the target population is a total 204 Sudanese females were recruited to participate in this study (102 overweight, obese versus 102 non-overweight, non-obese), aged 20-50 years. and venous blood samples were collected. Plasma levels of blood glucose were measured using the particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay method Cobas C-311®.While Adiponectin and Resistine estimated by ELISA Kits. Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were taken using standard protocols. BMI was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters squared). Results: According to these results observed significant difference between the means of fasting blood glucose (FBG), adiponectin, Resistine and BMI compare with normal weight, overweight and obese respectively. FBG (mean + SD), normal weight (127 ± 16.7), over weight (153 ± 19.2), obese (189 ± 22.7), P = 0.037, adiponectin, (11.2 ± 1.9), (9.7 ± 1.6), (6.1 ± 1.5), P = 0.043, Resistine, (12.8 ± 1.1) ,(14.2 ± 2.7), (18.2 ± 2.9), P = 0.021, BMI, (18.3 ± 1.7) ,(26.1 ± 2.2), (30.4 ± 3.7), P = 0.006. In this study, the results show strong negative Correlation between the levels of serum Adiponectin and Fasting Blood Glucose, Adiponectin and Resistine. (P.value = 0.013, r = -7.9). (P.value = 0.019, r = -6.6). While showing in the other side strong positive Correlation between the levels of serum Resistine and Fasting Blood Glucose. (P.value = 0.015, r = 6.0).
Conclusion: Increase of Resistine and Fasting Blood Glucose and reduced of Adiponectin in overweight, obese versus non-overweight, non-obese females. Compare with the BMI.
Keywords: Obese, Overweight, BMI, FBG, Adiponectin and Resistine
A novel class of bio-lubricants are synthesized by epoxidation of 10-undecylenic acid-based esters
Authors: Lakkoju B. , Vemulapalli V. 
Published: June 2022

Mineral-based lubricants are being supplanted by bio-based lubricants because of environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil resources. The derivatives of edible and non-edible oils are considered potential alternatives to existing natural mineral oil base stocks in certain lubricant applications, where immediate intraction with the environment is predicted. A new class of epoxides were synthesized from the undecylenic esters of 2-ethyl hexanol, neopentyl glycol (NPG), and trimethylolpropane (TMP). These unsaturated esters were epoxidized by using meta chloro perbenzoic acid. The synthesized epoxides were characterized by spectral studies (1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR) physio-chemical (density, specific gravity) and lubricant properties (kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, flash point, fire point, cloud point, pour point, copper strip corrosion). TMP epoxide has a high viscosity index, high flash point, and low pour point compared to 2-ethyl hexyl epoxide and NPG epoxide.
Storie armene alla corte dei papi: evocazione e riscrittura del passato tra Oriente e Occidente nel Trecento
Authors: Bueno Irene 
Published: June 2022

Au cours du XIVe siècle, la pression croissante des Mamelouks en Méditerranée Orientale et l’évanouissement d’une alliance mongole poussent les Arméniens à se tourner vers la papauté et les puissances occidentales dans l’espérance d’obtenir un soutien matériel et militaire. À cette époque, la discussion de projets de croisade ainsi que la reprise des débats théologiques en Occident s’appuient souvent sur l’évocation du passé, ancien et récent, et sur la relecture de faits et d’événements historiques. Par l’intermédiaire d’Arméniens latinophiles, la cour des papes devient ainsi un réceptacle de nouvelles traditions historiques orientales. Les récits historiques contenus dans quelques textes parvenus à la curie dans la première moitié du XIVe siècle font l’objet de cet article. D’une part, en 1307, l’Arménien Het‘um de Korykos consigne à Clément V sa Flor des estoires de la terre d’Orient, un traité historique, géographique, ethnographique et militaire destiné à promouvoir la croisade et l’alliance christiano-mongole. Il devient bientôt l’un des textes sur l’Orient les plus connus en Occident. D’autre part, la confrontation théologique stimule de nouvelles évocations de l’histoire des conciles et d’événements plus récents, témoignant des divisions internes de l’Église et de la société arméniennes à l’époque de la papauté avignonnaise. Ces diverses réflexions sur l’histoire, arménienne ou mongole, relative aux premiers conciles ou aux tensions du présent, sont utilisées pour promouvoir et légitimer l’alliance entre Latins et Arméniens auprès de la curie papale et pour façonner l’image des Arméniens comme partenaires politiques, alliés militaires, ou champions de la foi.
RXRα Regulates the Development of Resident Tissue Macrophages
Authors: Philpott Jordan , Kazimierczyk Simon , Korgaonkar Parimal , Bordt Evan , Zois Jaclyn , Vasudevan Chithirachelvi , Meng Di , Bhatia Ishan , Lu Naifang , Jimena Brittany , Porter Caryn , Cherayil Bobby J , Jain Nitya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) develop from distinct waves of embryonic progenitor cells that seed tissues before birth. Tissue-specific signals drive a differentiation program that leads to the functional specialization of RTM subsets. Genetic programs that regulate the development of RTMs are incompletely understood, as are the mechanisms that enable their maintenance in adulthood. In this study, we show that the ligand-activated nuclear hormone receptor, retinoid X receptor (RXR)α, is a key regulator of murine RTM development. Deletion of RXRα in hematopoietic precursors severely curtailed RTM populations in adult tissues, including the spleen, peritoneal cavity, lung, and liver. The deficiency could be traced to the embryonic period, and mice lacking RXRα in hematopoietic lineages had greatly reduced numbers of yolk sac and fetal liver macrophages, a paucity that persisted into the immediate postnatal period.
Equivariant cobordisms between freely periodic knots
Authors: Boyle Keegan , Musyt Jeffrey 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider free symmetries on cobordisms between knots, which is equivalent to cobordisms between knots in lens spaces. We classify which freely periodic knots bound equivariant surfaces in the 4-ball in terms of corresponding homology classes in lens spaces. We give a numerical condition determining the free periods for which torus knots bound equivariant surfaces in the 4-ball.
Efficacy of imatinib mesylate in combination with radiotherapy in acute leukemia, and the effect on immune function
Authors: Zhou Mei , Zhang Liming 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of imatinib mesylate plus radiotherapy for the treatment of acute leukemia and its effect on immune function.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 88 patients with acute leukemia admitted to Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University between July 2017 and July 2021. They were assigned (randomly, 1:1) to a control group (radiotherapy) or a study group (imatinib mesylate plus radiotherapy) according to different treatment regimens. Outcome measures assessed included the clinical efficacy of the treatments in the patients and their immune functions.Results: The two groups did not show any significant differences with regard to general patient profiles. After treatment, both groups presented reduced white blood cell (WBC) and platelet count (PLT) and elevated red blood cells count (RBC). The level of hemoglobin (Hb) level showed a slight decline in the control group but a significant increase in the study group (p < 0.05). The study group showed better improvement in the levels of WBC, PLT, RBC, and Hb than the control group (p < 0.05). The absolute values of peripheral blood mature neutrophils decreased in both groups after treatment, down to the lowest level at week 2, but rebounded, with higher absolute values in the study group at weeks 2, 3, and 4 of treatment (p < 0.05). Imatinib mesylate plus radiotherapy was associated with higher efficacy, compared with radiotherapy alone (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Radiotherapy plus imatinib mesylate effectively enhances the immune functions of acute leukemia patients, mitigates inflammatory responses, alleviates clinical symptoms, and boosts clinical efficacy. Further clinical trials are, however, required prior to general application in clinical practice.
Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on Model Planar Titania Supported Platinum Nanoparticles Catalyst
Authors: Emmanuel Jovine , Hayden Brian 
Published: June 2022

A high-throughput (parallel) thermographic screening methodology was developed to enable the measurements of the particle size and support influence on heterogeneous catalysts. A high throughput screening chip has been used to establish the catalytic activity of titania supported platinum nanoparticles catalyst for CO oxidation reaction. The catalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles between 1.3 to 7.8 nm has been investigated for CO conversion at a pressure of 0.11 and 1.1 mbar with O2:CO ratio of 1:1 at 80 °C and 0.6, 1.1 and 2.4 mbar at O2:CO ratio of 1:1 at 240 °C. At these experimental conditions, there was an increase in the TOF with decreasing particle size for instance, at 80 °C and O2:CO ratio of 1:1, total pressure of 0.11 and 1.1 mbar, the TOF increased from 0.01 s–1 to 0.171 s–1 with decreasing Pt particle size from 7.8 to 1.3 nm, respectively. However, Pt nanoparticles catalyst displayed higher activity at higher temperature, for example, the TOF increased from 3.312 s–1 to 4.355 s–1 at O2:CO ratio of 1:1, total pressure of 0.6 and 1.1 mbar, respectively, for Pt particle size of 1.3 nm in agreement with the previous reports. Results show that CO oxidation on titania supported Pt nanoparticles catalyst is particle size dependent. On the other hand, findings from XPS measurements show no major change in the particle size after the reaction thus, reflecting the stability of Pt particles. While there is no apparent consensus in the literature reports on the activity trend with particle size for this system, these findings are consistent with most of the previously reported findings.
Keywords: platinum; titania; nanoparticles; thermography; CO oxidation.
Weathering the Storm: Community Socio-Economic and Physical Vulnerability Assessment of Informal Settlements to Disasters in Arusha City, Tanzania
Authors: Hambati Herbert 
Published: June 2022

Urban population growth has demonstrated a synergetic relationship with the growth of informal settlements and vulnerability to disasters in urban areas. This study employed Community Participatory Vulnerability Assessment (CPVA) to analyse vulnerability in informal settlements in Arusha City, Tanzania. The results show that a plethora of factors, including socio-economic and physical realities interact in complex non-linear ways to shape vulnerability to disasters in informal settlements in the city. The study shows that coping strategies of some individuals in informal settlements reinforce their risks to disasters. This is particularly demonstrated by the stones that are positioned on weak roof structures for protection, and which may potentially serve as projectiles in the event of storm. This quick-fix coping strategy, which results from short-sighted narrow conception of human relationship to the natural environment, may appear sustainable in the short-term. However, given the rising uncertainties of the future, it is unlikely to be sustainable. The study concludes that indigenous knowledge holds great potential in community responses to long term considerations regarding environmental hazards. The study also recommends that measures and strategies aimed at reducing disasters should address the whole set of issues leading to poverty and exposure disparities within the community.
Keywords: Assessment; vulnerability, disaster, informal settlements, Tanzania.
Charcoal Whirlwinds and Post-Fire Observations in Serengeti National Park Savannahs
Authors: Courtney Mustaphi Colin J. , Vos Heleen C. , Marchant Rob , Beale Colin 
Published: June 2022

Whirlwinds and visible dust devils occur over semi-arid ecosystems and entrain particles from the ground surface. Fires produce abundant charcoal across savannahs and the resulting blackened surfaces create a large albedo contrast. Whirlwinds have been observed associated with active fires; yet, there are few published observations on post-fire landscapes. Spatiotemporal patterns of whirlwinds have been documented for a limited number of regions and have not been made for the ecosystems of eastern Africa. From field-based sightings in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, we report on whirlwinds over burned savannah patches that entrained large quantities of charcoal to produce black coloured charcoal devils that lofted charcoal into the atmosphere. Two occurrences of charcoal devils were sighted and photographed, one each in the Western Corridor (Bunda District) and Lamai (Serengeti District), Mara Region. The observations were compared with regional scale meteorological data and remote sensing satellite imagery and albedo estimates of the land cover conditions. Although direct meteorological or particulate matter measurements were not made, the observations show that both charcoal devils differed in colour, funnel shape, height, and savannah land cover types (different woody to grass fuel canopies), and thus different charcoal morphologies. Charcoal laden whirlwinds require further study and characterization to analyse the contribution to local-scale redistribution of matter and regional-to-global fluxes of terrestrially derived atmospheric particulates. Future research focusing on the spatiotemporal patterns of whirlwinds over burned patches of savannah, the formation, duration and dissipation mechanisms, and characterisation of the entrained material would contribute to our understanding of the phenomena. The redistribution of organic and clastic material would contribute to understanding of detrital fluxes to depositional environments, such as lakes, wetlands, and snow.
Keywords: Atmospheric boundary layer; Convection; Detritus; Dust devils; Fires; Particulate matter.