bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sputter Deposited Mn‐doped ZnO Thin Film for Resistive Memory Applications
Authors: Chawla Amit K , Jain Ravish , Singh Jasvir , Mir Kifayat H. , Garg Tarun , Rao Akula Umamaheswara , Tiwari Sunil Kumar , Chauhan Avantika , Sardana Neha , Chawla Vipin , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransition metal doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films with wide band gap semiconducting nature have diverse range of applications including, gas sensors, optical and optoelectronic devices, electronics and spintronics spintronic devices etc. In the present study, Manganese (Mn)‐doped ZnO thin films deposited on glass substrates using RF‐magnetron sputtering have been investigated for their optical and electrical behavior aiming at resistive random access memory applications. To study the influence of Mn doping and correlation between the structural and the physical properties of the films, the samples were characterized by X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDS), UV‐VIS spectrophotometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The films are found to be crystalline and a decrease in lattice parameter from 2.6049 Å to 2.5845 Å, an increase in optical band gap from 3.27 eV to 3.35 eV and a decrease in Urbach energy from 0.222 eV to 0.171 eV, is observed with increase in Mn‐concentration. The electrical performance of the film with highest Mn‐content is found to be more suitable for resistive memory applications. Tailoring the electrical behavior of the film by incorporating Mn as dopant is an important approach to find suitable material combination for novel memory devices.
Intensifying Hydrogen Spillover for Boosting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Junru , Chu Xianxu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrogen spillover has attracted increasing interests in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in recent years because of their distinct reaction mechanism and beneficial terms for simultaneously weakening the strong hydrogen adsorption on metal and strengthening the weak hydrogen adsorption on support. By taking advantageous merits of efficient hydrogen transfer, hydrogen spillover‐based binary catalysts have been widely investigated, which paves a new way for boosting the development of hydrogen production by water electrolysis. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress of this interesting field by focusing on the advanced strategies for intensifying the hydrogen spillover towards HER. In addition, the challenging issues and some perspective insights in the future development of hydrogen spillover‐based electrocatalysts are also systematically discussed.
Genetic expression changes and pathologic findings associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in human autopsy brain tissue
Authors: Weekman Erica M. , Winder Zach , Rogers Colin B. , Abner Erin L. , Sudduth Tiffany L. , Patel Ela , Dugan Adam J. , Fister Shuling X. , Wasek Brandi , Nelson Peter T. , Jicha Gregory A. , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Fardo David W. , Wilcock Donna M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionVascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are a leading cause of dementia. An underappreciated, modifiable risk factor for VCID is hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), defined by elevated levels of plasma homocysteine, most often due to impaired B vitamin absorption in aged persons. Studies aimed at identifying neuropathologic features and gene expression profiles associated with HHcy have been lacking.MethodsA subset of research volunteers from the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center longitudinal cohort came to autopsy and had ante mortem plasma homocysteine levels available. Brain tissue and blood plasma drawn closest to death were used to measure homocysteine and related metabolites in the current pilot study. Genetic expression profiles of inflammatory markers were evaluated using the Human Neuroinflammation NanoString panel. Further analyses included an evaluation of plasma homocysteine effects on amyloid beta, tau, ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry in the frontal and occipital cortices. Analytes and other study outcomes were evaluated in relation to ante mortem HHcy status: We identified 13 persons with normal ante mortem plasma homocysteine levels (<14 µmol/L) and 18 who had high plasma homocysteine levels (≥14 µmol/L).ResultsParticipants with HHcy demonstrated increased levels of several plasma homocysteine cycle metabolites such as total cysteine, S‐adenosyl‐homocysteine, cystathionine, and choline. Inflammatory gene expression profiles showed a general downregulation in the setting of elevated plasma homocysteine. HHcy was associated with more and longer microglial processes, but smaller and fewer astrocytes, especially in participants of older age at death. HHcy in older participants was also associated with occipital cortex microhemorrhages and increased severity of atherosclerosis throughout the cerebral vasculature.ConclusionsIncreased plasma homocysteine and older age were associated with the downregulation of inflammatory gene expression markers in association with significant glial and vascular pathology changes. Impaired immune function is a plausible mechanism by which HHcy increases cerebrovascular damage leading to impaired cognitive function.
Systematic quark/gluon identification with ratios of likelihoods
Authors: Bright-Thonney Samuel , Moult Ian , Nachman Benjamin , Prestel Stefan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Discriminating between quark- and gluon-initiated jets has long been a central focus of jet substructure, leading to the introduction of numerous observables and calculations to high perturbative accuracy. At the same time, there have been many attempts to fully exploit the jet radiation pattern using tools from statistics and machine learning. We propose a new approach that combines a deep analytic understanding of jet substructure with the optimality promised by machine learning and statistics. After specifying an approximation to the full emission phase space, we show how to construct the optimal observable for a given classification task. This procedure is demonstrated for the case of quark and gluons jets, where we show how to systematically capture sub-eikonal corrections in the splitting functions, and prove that linear combinations of weighted multiplicity is the optimal observable. In addition to providing a new and powerful framework for systematically improving jet substructure observables, we demonstrate the performance of several quark versus gluon jet tagging observables in parton-level Monte Carlo simulations, and find that they perform at or near the level of a deep neural network classifier. Combined with the rapid recent progress in the development of higher order parton showers, we believe that our approach provides a basis for systematically exploiting subleading effects in jet substructure analyses at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and beyond.
Kamerabasierte Navigation im Hybridoperationssaal
Authors: Wegner Mathis , Seekamp Andreas , Lippross Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungKamerabasierte Navigation im Hybridoperationssaal stellt in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie eine Möglichkeit der präzisen, komplikationsarmen und effizienten Implantation von Osteosynthesematerial dar. Neben der Erhöhung der Patientensicherheit verringert sich bei Nutzung einer kamerabasierten Navigation als Orientierungshilfe für den Chirurgen die Strahlenbelastung. Im Mittelpunkt der kamerabasierten Navigation stehen die anatomischen Landmark-Kenntnisse des Chirurgen, die präoperative Bildakquise und die folgende Informationsintegration durch die eingesetzte Planungssoftware. Die gelieferten Informationen aus Volumentomographie (Cone-beam-Computertomographie, CBCT) und Oberflächenreferenzierung durch den Video-Input von vier optischen Kameras und den dazugehörigen Oberflächenmarkern werden durch den Einsatz einer Software gesammelt, prozessiert, optimiert und individuell angepasst. Das Ergebnis ist die Erstellung einer Trajektorie, welche dem Operateur die leichtere Analyse und Evaluation komplexer anatomischer Strukturen und die erleichterte Durchführung des geplanten Eingriffs ermöglichen. Die minimal-invasive Insertion von Pedikelschrauben mithilfe einer oberflächenreferenzierten Navigation („augmented reality surgical navigation“, ARSN) bietet eine vergleichbare Genauigkeit zur konventionellen fluoroskopischen Insertion von Pedikelschrauben bei gleichzeitiger Strahlungsreduktion durch den Verzicht auf eine postoperative computertomographische Bildgebung.
Kiesinseln an der Donau – naturbasierte Lösungen zum Erhalt der Wasserstraße
Authors: Binder J. , Glas M. , Hauer C. , Liedermann M. , Habersack H. , Tritthart M. 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungKiesinseln können als naturbasierte Lösungen die ökologische Funktion von Gewässern verbessern und nachhaltig Habitate für aquatische und terrestrische Lebewesen schaffen. Ihre Anwendung als hydraulische Maßnahmen mit Auswirkungen auf die Hydrodynamik und Morphologie des Hauptstroms muss jedoch weiter untersucht werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die Eignung von Kiesinseln zur Niederwasserregulierung im Rahmen der Schifffahrt zu bewerten. Zu diesem Zweck wurden verschiedene geometrische Variationen von Kiesstrukturen unter verschiedenen hydrologischen Bedingungen in der österreichischen Donau mit dem hydrodynamischen Modell RSim-3D und dem Sedimenttransportmodell iSed analysiert. Geschüttete Kiesinseln zeigen ähnliche Wirkungen in Bezug auf die Hydro- und Morphodynamik des Gewässer-Hauptstroms wie Buhnen. Die Implementierung der Insel verursacht eine lokale Abnahme des Wasserspiegels und eine lokale Erhöhung der Sohlschubspannung entlang der Struktur. Parallel zur Kiesstruktur treten relative Erosionstendenzen auf, die flussabwärts zu relativen Sedimentationstendenzen führen. Darüber hinaus treten in den untersuchten Gebieten keine Beeinträchtigungen der Schifffahrt und des Hochwasserschutzes auf. Neben ihrer flussbaulichen Funktion dienen künstliche Kiesstrukturen auch als Geschiebedepots und -quelle und bieten durch die fortschreitende Morphodynamik ökologisch wertvolle Lebensräume. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse verdeutlichen, dass Kiesinseln als effektive Alternative zu Buhnen für die Niederwasserregulierung eingesetzt werden können. Daher können die Ergebnisse dieser Studie in die zukünftige Forschung und Planung ökologischer Flussbaumaßnahmen einfließen.
Stress-rate dependency of uniaxial compressive strength of hard rock with regard to test procedure standards
Authors: Burbaum Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe uniaxial compressive strength test of hard rock is one of the most worldwide applied tests for characterization of hard rock in rock engineering and engineering geology. The uniaxial compressive strength as the results of this test is a basic parameter, used, for example, for the design of rock engineering structures. In the commonly applied standards, stress-controlled test procedures using constant stress rates are recommended by a wide range of stress rates varying between 2 and 60 MPa/min and/or a specific minimum test time. Though the effect of stress-rate dependency of hard rock is generally known, most investigation is focused on dynamic action behavior using high stress rates and/or fast actions. Strain-controlled test procedures are often used as well. For stress-controlled test procedures within the recommended range of stress-rates, the data base is rather poor, the effects to the results are reported by only very few researchers. The research described in this paper aims to close this gap and focuses on the stress-rate dependency of uniaxial compressive strength of hard rock. Seven different stress rates varying between 1 and 100 MPa/min on five different types of hard rock (quartzite, granodiorite, gabbro, sandstone, basalt) using five to fifteen single tests per stress rate have been executed. A significant increase of uniaxial compressive strength by increasing stress rates has been stated; the increase may not be ignored in assessing rock strength in rock engineering projects. The effect has to be considered especially when different parties are involved in the site investigation programs.
Low rate of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in deceased tissue donors
Authors: Greenwald Melissa A. , Grebe Eduard , Green Valerie , Jones Alyce Linthurst , Linnen Jeffrey M. , Williamson Phillip , Busch Michael P. , Kuehnert Matthew J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGiven the possibility for disease transmission, this study was performed to determine whether there is detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in the blood of deceased tissue donors. A retrospective analysis of blood samples from eligible deceased tissue donors from Oct 2019 through June 2020 was performed. Plasma aliquots were initially tested with a SARS-CoV-2 NAT Assay; positive samples were further tested using an alternate NAT and an antibody assay. The proportion of donors with confirmed RNAemia and 95% confidence intervals were computed. Of donor samples collected in 2019, 894 yielded valid results, with 6 initially positive, none of which confirmed positive by alternate NAT. Of donor samples collected in 2020, 2562 yielded valid initial NAT results, with 21 (0.8%) initially positive. Among those, 3 were confirmed by alternate NAT, 17 were not confirmed, and 1 had an invalid alternate NAT result. The rate of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia in deceased tissue donors is approximately 1 per 1000, and it is unknown whether this RNAemia reflects the presence of infectious virus. Given these results, the risk of transmission through tissue is thought likely to be low.
A Behavioural Analysis of the Future of Collective Redress for Financial Consumers Following the Supreme Court Decision in Merricks v Mastercard
Authors: Atkinson Joanne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the biggest problems faced by consumers seeking redress for financial harm is the prohibitive expense and impracticality of bringing low-value individual legal proceedings. The Consumer Rights Act 2015 introduced a new regime for collective redress for competition law infringements whereby for the first time, claims may be brought on an opt-out basis. The new regime was examined by the Supreme Court in its recent decision in Merricks v Mastercard. The Mastercard claim raises important questions about consumer remedies, access to justice, litigation funding and practical enforcement issues. This paper examines the decision through the lens of behavioural science, seeking insights into the availability and accessibility of redress for consumers and considering the implications for the regulation of lenders in the future. The influence of behavioural science on the development of the law is reviewed, the progress of the Mastercard claim and the Supreme Court’s decision is analysed, and some conclusions are proposed about possible future developments and the effectiveness of the collective redress regime from a behavioural perspective.
A Mortar Finite Element Formulation for Large Deformation Lubricated Contact Problems with Smooth Transition Between Mixed, Elasto-Hydrodynamic and Full Hydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Faraji Mostafa , Seitz Alexander , Meier Christoph , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis work proposes a novel model and numerical formulation for lubricated contact problems describing the mutual interaction between two deformable 3D solid bodies and an interposed fluid film. The solid bodies are consistently described based on nonlinear continuum mechanics allowing for finite deformations and arbitrary constitutive laws. The fluid film is modelled as a quasi-2D flow problem governed by the (thickness-)averaged Reynolds equation. In contrast to existing approaches, the proposed model accounts for the co-existence of frictional contact tractions and hydrodynamic fluid tractions at every local point on the contact surface of the interacting bodies and covers the entire range of lubrication in one unified modelling framework with smooth transition between these different regimes. From a physical point of view, this approach can be considered as a model for the elastic deformation of asperities on the lubricated contact surfaces. The finite element method is applied for spatial discretization of the 3D solid-mechanical problems and the 2D interface effects, consisting of the averaged Reynolds equation governing the fluid film and the non-penetration constraint of the mechanical contact problem. A consistent and accurate model behavior is demonstrated by studying several challenging benchmark test cases.
Tactile perception of textile fabrics based on friction and brain activation
Authors: Tang Wei , Zhang Shousheng , Yu Chuang , Zhu Hua , Chen Si , Peng Yuxing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTactile perception plays a critical role in the interaction of humans and environment. It begins with the mechanical stimulation induced by friction and is processed in the somatosensory cortex. To quantify the tactile perceptions of textile fabrics, the mechanical properties of fabrics and the features extracted from the friction and vibration signals were correlated with the subjective sensation rated by questionnaires. Meanwhile, the technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to identify the brain areas responsible for the tactile perception of textile fabrics. The results showed that during the tactile perception of textile fabrics, the coefficient of friction increased with the increasing normal load, indicating that the deformation mechanism of skin was relevant to the friction of skin against fabrics. The features of spectral centroid (SC), coefficient of friction, and diameter and critical buckling force of fiber had a strong correlation with the perceived fineness, slipperiness, and prickliness of fabrics, respectively. The postcentral gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and precentral gyrus, with the corresponding functional regions of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), primary motor cortex (MI), and secondary motor cortex (MII), were involved with the perceptions of fabric textures. The fiber properties and fabric surface structures that caused the multidimensional feelings tended to induce the large area, intensity, and percent signal change (PSC) of brain activity. This study is meaning for evaluating the tactile stimulation of textile fabrics and understanding the cognitive mechanism in the tactile perception of textile fabrics.
Lean Ergonomics—are relevant synergies of digital human models and digital twins defining a new emerging subdiscipline?
Authors: Brunner Stefan , Knott Verena , Bengler Klaus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractManufacturing companies are facing new kinds of challenges. High cost and time pressure as well as the variety of product variants have added to supply chain issues due to unvorseeable major political, societal or natural events. This requires more than ever load optimization for all agents of a socio-technical system, to enable them to operate competitively and sustainably. Digital tools offer the possibility to proactively plan and analyze diverse processes. Recent developments indicat that human-centric (DHM) and process-centric (DT) tools are diverging rather than converging. The objective of this position paper is to analyze whether the vacuum created by human-centric and process-centric tools can be filled by the new subdiscipline of Lean Ergonomics (LE). LE is defined by synergies of production ergonomics and production management.Practical Relevance: By elaborating a methodological separation of Digital Twin (DT) and Digital Human Modeling (DHM), science and the economy shall be motivated to close the gap. Lean Ergonomics as an intersection of human-centered and system-centered engineering has the potential to incentivize companies to move towards sustainable ergonomics, as the company will directly benefit from this. Ergonomic methods and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) at the micro level of the individual workstation enable the ergonomic and psychophysiological assessment of the human being in digital and analogue form. This is mirrored on production-organizational methods and KPIs and thereby tested for dependencies and interactions, which enable a holistic optimization of the socio-technical system.
Self-employment, corruption, and property rights: a comparative analysis of European and CEE economies
Authors: Box Marcus , Gratzer Karl , Lin Xiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between self-employment, corruption, and property rights in 30 European countries, including 11 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) economies, across the two decades of 1996–2016. In general, relatively little research has focused on the relationship between entrepreneurship and the protection of property rights. Furthermore, past findings show that corruption may have both negative and positive effects on the level of entrepreneurial activity, either “greasing” or “sanding” the wheels for entrepreneurship. Overall, research on how the informal institution corruption and the formal institution property rights are linked to entrepreneurship in post-socialist/transition economies has been limited. We find that stronger protection of property rights increases self-employment ratios, both in Europe in general and in CEE economies. The relationship between self-employment and the control of corruption is not significant. We conclude that neither higher nor lower levels of corruption control affect the share of self-employment. In comparative perspective, the ratio of self-employment in the group of CEE economies does not respond differently to these two key institutions.