bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation, Recovery and Activity of Hydrophobic Compounds in Norway Spruce Log Soaking Pit Water: Could they be Used in Wood Preservative Formulations?
Authors: Barbero-López Aitor , Vek Viljem , Poljanšek Ida , Virjamo Virpi , López-Gómez Yeray Manuel , Sainio Tuomo , Humar Miha , Oven Primož , Haapala Antti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeNorway spruce log soaking water (SLSW) is considered a waste in the plywood and veneer industry but has not been characterised, and its possible uses remain unexplored. The purpose of this study is to characterise and test the possibility of using SLSW in wood preservative formulations.MethodsFirst, the SLSW was characterised, and the presence of carbohydrates in the log soaking water was reduced with a hydrophobic adsorbent to reduce the nutrient availability for fungi in the liquids. Then, the feasibility of using SLSW and the sugar free SLSW (denoted later as EHC solution) as wood preservatives was studied by testing their antifungal and antioxidant activities and performing a mini-block test againstSchizophyllum commune,Trametes versicolor,Fibroporia vaillantiiandGloeophyllum trabeum.ResultsSeveral phenolic compounds were found in the SLSW. This water also had high antioxidant activity at 1000 mg/L before and after carbohydrate removal but no antifungal activity. Its impregnation in wood caused a slight reduction in mass loss of thePinus sylvestrisspecimens but had no effect on theFagus sylvaticaspecimens when exposed againstSchizophyllum commune,Trametes versicolor,Fibroporia vaillantiiandGloeophyllum trabeum.ConclusionThe SLSW as a wood preservative is invalid, even after partial carbohydrate removal. However, due to the presence of wood constituents, SLSW could be a resource for other uses requiring high antioxidant activity but specific applications need further investigation.Graphical Abstract
Random noise suppression and super-resolution reconstruction algorithm of seismic profile based on GAN
Authors: Sun Qi-Feng , Xu Jia-Yue , Zhang Han-Xiao , Duan You-Xiang , Sun You-Kai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a random noise suppression and super-resolution reconstruction algorithm for seismic profiles based on Generative Adversarial Networks, in anticipation of reducing the influence of random noise and low resolution on seismic profiles. Firstly, the algorithm used the residual learning strategy to construct a de-noising subnet to accurate separate the interference noise on the basis of protecting the effective signal. Furthermore, it iterated the back-projection unit to complete the reconstruction of the high-resolution seismic sections image, while responsed sampling error to enhance the super-resolution performance of the algorithm. For seismic data characteristics, designed the discriminator to be a fully convolutional neural network, used a larger convolution kernels to extract data features and continuously strengthened the supervision of the generator performance optimization during the training process. The results on the synthetic data and the actual data indicated that the algorithm could improve the quality of seismic cross-section, make ideal signal-to-noise ratio and further improve the resolution of the reconstructed cross-sectional image. Besides, the observations of geological structures such as fractures were also clearer.
Radiation recall phenomenon after administration of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Authors: Ishikawa Yojiro , Umezawa Rei , Yamamoto Takaya , Takahashi Noriyoshi , Takeda Kazuya , Suzuki Yu , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have been developed. However, the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and radiation therapy (RT) is unclear. Recently, there have been some reports of radiation recall phenomenon (RRP) caused by a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We report a case of RRP after administration of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. A 51-year-old female was diagnosed with breast cancer (cT4N1M0, cStage IIIB) and underwent breast total mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After mastectomy, the patient received RT with 50 Gy in 25 fractions. An acute side effect of grade 2 dermatitis according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. occurred after RT. The patient had not started any new systemic medication after RT; however, the patient received the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Moderna) 1 month after the end of the initial RT. Seven days after vaccination, the patient had a skin reaction with burning sensation and redness. This skin reaction was induced in an area corresponding to the irradiation field of the chest wall. There was no skin reaction in areas other than that described. The reaction was cured within 1 week with topical hydrocortisone. This report is an interesting case report with a RPP after administration of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
A linear stochastic biharmonic heat equation: hitting probabilities
Authors: Hinojosa-Calleja Adrián , Sanz-Solé Marta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConsider the linear stochastic biharmonic heat equation on a d–dimen- sional torus ($$d=1,2,3$$

d
=
1
,
2
,
3

), driven by a space-time white noise and with periodic boundary conditions: $$\begin{aligned} \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial t}+(-\varDelta )^2\right) v(t,x)= \sigma \dot{W}(t,x),\ (t,x)\in (0,T]\times {\mathbb {T}}^d, \end{aligned}$$

∂

∂
t

+

(
-
Δ
)

2

v

(
t
,
x
)

=
σ

W
˙

(
t
,
x
)

,

(
t
,
x
)

∈

(
0
,
T
]

×

T

d

,

$$v(0,x)=v_0(x)$$

v

(
0
,
x
)

=

v
0

(
x
)

. We find the canonical pseudo-distance corresponding to the random field solution, therefore the precise description of the anisotropies of the process. We see that for $$d=2$$

d
=
2

, they include a $$z(\log \tfrac{c}{z})^{1/2}$$

z

(
log

c
z

)

1
/
2

term. Consider D independent copies of the random field solution to (0.1). Applying the criteria proved in Hinojosa-Calleja and Sanz-Solé (Stoch PDE Anal Comp 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40072-021-00190-1), we establish upper and lower bounds for the probabilities that the path process hits bounded Borel sets.This yields results on the polarity of sets and on the Hausdorff dimension of the path process.
Hypoxia Conditioning for High-Altitude Pre-acclimatization
Authors: Burtscher Martin , Millet Grégoire P. , Burtscher Johannes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Main purposes of pre-acclimatization by hypoxia conditioning (HC) are the prevention of high-altitude illnesses and maintenance of aerobic exercise performance. However, robust evidence for those effects or evidence-based guidelines for exposure strategies, including recommendations to ensure safety, are largely lacking. Therefore, we summarize the current knowledge on the physiology of acclimatization to hypoxia and HC with the aim to derive implications for pre-acclimatization strategies before going on high-altitude treks and expeditions.

Methods
Based on the literature search and personal experience, core studies and important observations have been selected in order to present a balanced view on the current knowledge of high-altitude illnesses and the acclimatization process, specifically focusing on pre-acclimatization strategies by HC.

Results and Conclusions
It may be concluded that in certain cases even short periods (e.g., 7 h) of pre-acclimatization by HC are effective, but longer periods (e.g., > 60 h) are needed to elicit more robust effects. About 300 h of HC (intermittently applied) may be the optimal preparation for extreme altitude sojourns, although every additional hour spent in hypoxia may confer further benefits. The inclusion of hypobaric exposures (i.e., real altitude) in pre-acclimatization protocols could further increase their efficacy. The level of simulated altitude is progressively increased or individually adjusted ideally. HC should not be terminated earlier than 1–2 weeks before altitude sojourn. Medical monitoring of the pre-acclimatization program is strongly recommended.
Age Demographics of Subjects Enrolled in Global, Interventional Phase 3 Melanoma Clinical Trials
Authors: Shah Reema , Patel Nil , Patel Yasha , Toscani Michael , Barone Joseph , Weber Paul F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Melanoma is a skin cancer with a rising worldwide incidence of just over 280,000 individuals with the greatest burden of illness in European, New Zealander, and Australian populations. Patients are diagnosed with melanoma with the mean and median ages being 65 and 59 years old, respectively. Phase 3 trials not only provide a wide representation of the target population but also study the efficacy for a certain intervention.

Objective
The objective of this literature review is to analyze patient demographics of phase 3 trials for melanoma and identify if there is a true disparity between the clinical trial age demographics and the natural epidemiological age demographics.

Data Sources
The authors conducted a search on clinicaltrials.gov, a publicly available resource that lists clinical trials and their data. The reported mean and median ages for each trial were extracted after determining if each trial meets our inclusion criteria. Weighted mean and median ages were calculated using an online calculator.

Data Summary
Data from 35 trials were evaluated with 30 trials reporting a weighted mean age of 55.85 years and 5 trials reporting a weighted median age of 55.14 years.

Conclusion
Based on the results, melanoma clinical trials enroll patients who are younger than the epidemiological mean and median ages. Due to this underrepresentation of the elderly patients with melanoma, clinical trials may provide limited application for the use of their results.
Complement cascade inhibition in geographic atrophy: a review
Authors: Desai Dhaval , Dugel Pravin U. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe pathophysiology of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and specifically geographic atrophy (GA) has been linked to the complement cascade. This cascade is part of the innate immune system and is made up of the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways. The pathways comprise a system of plasma and membrane-associated serum proteins that are activated with identification of a nonself entity. A number of these proteins have been implicated in the development and progression of dry AMD. The three pathways converge at C3 and cascade down through C5, making both of these proteins viable targets for the treatment of dry AMD. In addition, there are a number of complement factors, CFB, CFD, CFH, and CFI, which are potential therapeutic targets as well. Several different complement-directed therapeutics are being studied for the treatment of dry AMD with the hope that one of these approaches will emerge as the first approved treatment for GA.
Between rags and riches: rethinking security for costs in international commercial arbitration
Authors: Camilleri Simon P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article assesses the traditional approach adopted to making an order of security for costs in international arbitration, which focuses almost exclusively on the financial standing of the claimant. The article argues that this approach is inappropriate, and has the potential to undermine the purpose of the remedy itself; namely, to protect a respondent who has been dragged into an arbitration against his will, and may subsequently struggle to enforce a costs award against the claimant if he is successful in due course. The author therefore argues that the financial position of the respondent—and the impact of the proceedings on that respondent—should be hardwired into the assessment undertaken by arbitral tribunals when considering whether to order the claimant to provide security for the respondent’s costs.
The medium-term impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions. The case of the 1918 influenza in US cities
Authors: Chapelle Guillaume 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper uses a difference-in-differences (DID) framework to estimate the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) used to fight the 1918 influenza pandemic and control the resultant mortality in 43 US cities. The results suggest that NPIs such as school closures and social distancing, as implemented in 1918, and when applied relatively intensively, might have reduced individual and herd immunity reducing the life expectancy of people with co morbidity, thereby leading to a significantly higher number of deaths in subsequent years. It would be difficult to draw any inference regarding the predicted impact of NPIs as implemented during the Covid-19 crisis as influenza and Covid-19 are two entirely different viruses and nowadays’ pharmaceutical technologies can limit these medium-term impacts.
Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the possible mechanism by which 1-methylcyclopropene regulates the postharvest senescence of Zizania latifolia
Authors: Bata Gouda Mohamed Hawali , Peng Sijia , Yu Renying , Li Jianqi , Zhao Guihong , Chen Yuru , Song Huibo , Luo Haibo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To understand the mechanism governing the postharvest senescence of Zizania latifolia (Z. latifolia), and the regulatory mechanism induced by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) during storage at 25 °C, physiobiochemical and conjoint analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome were performed. The results indicated that 1-MCP treatment engendered changes in the expression of genes and metabolites during the postharvest storage of Z. latifolia. The 1-MCP treatment maintained a good visual appearance, preserved the cell structure and membrane integrity of Z. latifolia by keeping the expression of membrane-related lipolytic enzymes (and related genes) low and the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine high. Compared to the control group, 1-MCP treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in a decrease of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents, and thus inhibition of oxidative damage and loss of membrane integrity. In addition, 1-MCP treatment retarded the senescence of Z. latifolia by downregulating the expression of ethylene biosynthesis-related genes and promoting upregulation of brassinosteroid insensitive 1 kinase inhibitor 1, calmodulin, glutathione reductase, jasmonate amino acid synthase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase-related genes. Moreover, 1-MCP retarded Z. latifolia senescence by inducing the activity of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthesis-related genes and metabolites. Our findings should facilitate future research on the postharvest storage of Z. latifolia, and could help delay senescence and prolong the storage time for commercial applications.
Genome of the parasitoid waspDinocampus coccinellaereveals extensive duplications, accelerated evolution, and independent origins of thelytokous parthenogeny and solitary behavior
Authors: Sethuraman Arun , Tovar Alicia , Welch Walker , Dettmers Ryan , Arce Camila , Skaggs Timothy , Rothenberg Alexander , Saisho Roxane , Summerhays Bryce , Cartmill Ryan , Grenier Christy , Vasquez Yumary , Vansant Hannah , Obrycki John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDinocampus coccinellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a generalist parasitoid wasp that parasitizes &gt;50 species of predatory lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), with thelytokous parthenogeny as its primary mode of reproduction. Here, we present the first high-quality genome of D. coccinellae using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing technologies, followed by assembly and scaffolding of chromosomal segments using Chicago + HiC technologies. We also present a first-pass ab initio and a reference-based genome annotation and resolve timings of divergence and evolution of (1) solitary behavior vs eusociality, (2) arrhenotokous vs thelytokous parthenogenesis, and (3) rates of gene loss and gain among Hymenopteran lineages. Our study finds (1) at least 2 independent origins of eusociality and solitary behavior among Hymenoptera, (2) 2 independent origins of thelytokous parthenogenesis from ancestral arrhenotoky, and (3) accelerated rates of gene duplications, loss, and gain along the lineages leading to D. coccinellae. Our work both affirms the ancient divergence of Braconid wasps from ancestral Hymenopterans and accelerated rates of evolution in response to adaptations to novel hosts, including polyDNA viral coevolution.
Male and female recombination landscapes of diploid Arabidopsis arenosa
Authors: Dukić Marinela , Bomblies Kirsten 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The number and placement of meiotic crossover events during meiosis have important implications for the fidelity of chromosome segregation as well as patterns of inheritance. Despite the functional importance of recombination, recombination landscapes vary widely among and within species, and this can have a strong impact on evolutionary processes. A good knowledge of recombination landscapes is important for model systems in evolutionary and ecological genetics, since it can improve interpretation of genomic patterns of differentiation and genome evolution, and provides an important starting point for understanding the causes and consequences of recombination rate variation. Arabidopsis arenosa is a powerful evolutionary genetic model for studying the molecular basis of adaptation and recombination rate evolution. Here, we generate genetic maps for 2 diploid A. arenosa individuals from distinct genetic lineages where we have prior knowledge that meiotic genes show evidence of selection. We complement the genetic maps with cytological approaches to map and quantify recombination rates, and test the idea that these populations might have distinct patterns of recombination. We explore how recombination differs at the level of populations, individuals, sexes and genomic regions. We show that the positioning of crossovers along a chromosome correlates with their number, presumably a consequence of crossover interference, and discuss how this effect can cause differences in recombination landscape among sexes or species. We identify several instances of female segregation distortion. We found that averaged genome-wide recombination rate is lower and sex differences subtler in A. arenosa than in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Powerful, efficient QTL mapping in Drosophila melanogaster using bulked phenotyping and pooled sequencing
Authors: Macdonald Stuart J , Cloud-Richardson Kristen M , Sims-West Dylan J , Long Anthony D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Despite the value of recombinant inbred lines for the dissection of complex traits, large panels can be difficult to maintain, distribute, and phenotype. An attractive alternative to recombinant inbred lines for many traits leverages selecting phenotypically extreme individuals from a segregating population, and subjecting pools of selected and control individuals to sequencing. Under a bulked or extreme segregant analysis paradigm, genomic regions contributing to trait variation are revealed as frequency differences between pools. Here, we describe such an extreme quantitative trait locus, or extreme quantitative trait loci, mapping strategy that builds on an existing multiparental population, the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource, and involves phenotyping and genotyping a population derived by mixing hundreds of Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource recombinant inbred lines. Simulations demonstrate that challenging, yet experimentally tractable extreme quantitative trait loci designs (≥4 replicates, ≥5,000 individuals/replicate, and selecting the 5–10% most extreme animals) yield at least the same power as traditional recombinant inbred line-based quantitative trait loci mapping and can localize variants with sub-centimorgan resolution. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach using a 4-fold replicated extreme quantitative trait loci experiment that identifies 7 quantitative trait loci for caffeine resistance. Two mapped extreme quantitative trait loci factors replicate loci previously identified in recombinant inbred lines, 6/7 are associated with excellent candidate genes, and RNAi knock-downs support the involvement of 4 genes in the genetic control of trait variation. For many traits of interest to drosophilists, a bulked phenotyping/genotyping extreme quantitative trait loci design has considerable advantages.
A Systematic Review of Smartphone and Tablet Use by Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wilson Samantha A , Byrne Paula , Rodgers Sarah E , Maden Michelle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA systematic review was conducted to explore the use of smartphones and tablet computers as cognitive and memory aids by older adults with and without cognitive impairment, specifically the effects of smartphone and tablet use on participants’ cognition and memory, and the barriers and facilitators to smartphone and tablet use for cognitive and memory support.Research Design and MethodsA systematic search of 6 key databases found 11,895 citations published between 2010 and 2021. Studies were included if they involved community-dwelling older adults with or without cognitive impairment arising from acquired brain injury, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia, and if they evaluated everyday smartphone or tablet device use for cognition, memory, or activities of daily living.ResultsA total of 28 papers were included in the narrative synthesis. There was some evidence that the use of smartphones and tablets could aid cognitive function in older adults without cognitive impairment, particularly executive function and processing speed. There was modest evidence that smartphone and tablet use could support memory in both older adults without cognitive impairment and those with acquired brain injury and dementia.Discussion and ImplicationsSmartphones and tablets were seen by users as acceptable, enjoyable, and nonstigmatizing alternatives to conventional assistive technology devices; however, current use of smartphone and tablet devices is hindered by the digital literacy of older adults, a lack of accommodation for older adult users’ motor and sensory impairments, and a lack of input from clinicians and researchers. Much of the evidence presented in this review derives from case studies and small-scale trials of smartphone and tablet training interventions. Further research is needed into older adults’ use of smartphones and tablets for cognitive support before and after the onset of cognitive impairment in order to develop effective evidence-based smart technology cognition and memory aids.
Recent advances of machine vision technology in fish classification
Authors: Li Daoliang , Wang Qi , Li Xin , Niu Meilin , Wang He , Liu Chunhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutomatic classification of different species of fish is important for the comprehension of marine ecology, fish behaviour analysis, aquaculture management, and fish health monitoring. In recent years, many automatic classification methods have been developed, among which machine vision-based classification methods are widely used with the advantages of being fast and non-destructive. In addition, the successful application of rapidly emerging deep learning techniques in machine vision has brought new opportunities for fish classification. This paper provides an overview of machine vision models applied in the field of fish classification, followed by a detailed discussion of specific applications of various classification methods. Furthermore, the challenges and future research directions in the field of fish classification are discussed. This paper would help researchers and practitioners to understand the applicability of machine vision in fish classification and encourage them to develop advanced algorithms and models to address the complex problems that exist in fish classification practice.