bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions to promote development in the next 1000 days: A mapping review
Authors: Draper Catherine E. , Klingberg Sonja , Wrottesley Stephanie V. , Milner Kate , Fisher Jane , Lakes Kimberley D. , Yousafzai Aisha K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe next 1000 days – the period from 2 to 5 years of age – has been highlighted as a key developmental stage in the life‐course. A mapping review was conducted to categorize existing literature on interventions in the next 1000 days that promote key developmental outcomes, including publications between 1990 and July 2020. A total of 805 intervention studies were included for data extraction in the review. The number of intervention studies has increased substantially from 2010. Most interventions were from high‐income countries, with few (5%) from low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries. Interventions including typically developing children (n = 593, 74%) were mostly (80%) implemented in early childhood care and education (ECCE) settings, with 15% taking place in the home or with families and 5% in community or healthcare settings. Children's literacy and language outcomes were the target of 27% of these interventions, while 25% of interventions targeted early childhood development more holistically or targeted multiple developmental domains. Social–emotional development and social skills were the target of 15% of interventions, motor development 13%, numeracy 8% and cognitive development 8%. For children with any developmental delay, disability, disease or exposure (n = 212), interventions frequently targeted Autism Spectrum Disorder (24%), language or literacy delays (21%), developmental delays or disability more generally (20%); 16% targeted behavioral (or conduct) problems; and 5% targeted attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Almost half (49%) took place in ECCE settings; 24% occurred in the home or with families, or in community (13%) and/or healthcare (14%) settings. This review highlights the need for more intervention research in low‐ and middle‐income countries and for interventions supporting development in the next 1000 days. While the evidence base for interventions to promote development in this age group continues to expand, the most vulnerable children are not benefiting from this evidence.
Effects of socio‐economic status on infant native and non‐native phoneme discrimination
Authors: Singh Leher , Cheng Qiqi , Yeung Wei‐Jun Jean 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfants undergo fundamental shifts in perception that are reported to be critical for language acquisition. In particular, infants’ perception of native and non‐native sounds begins to align with the properties of their native sound system. Thus far, empirical evidence for this transition – perceptual narrowing – has drawn from socio‐economically and linguistically narrow populations from limited world regions. In this study, infants were sampled across diverse socio‐economic strata and linguistic development in Singapore. One hundred and 16 infants were tested on their ability to discriminate both a native phonetic contrast (/ba/ versus /da/) and a non‐native Hindi contrast (/ta/ versus /ʈa). Infants ranged in age from 6 to 12 months. Associations between age and discrimination varied by contrast type. Results demonstrated that infants’ native sensitivities were positively predicted by family SES, whereas non‐native sensitivities were not. Maternal socio‐economic factors uniquely predicted native language sensitivity. Findings suggest that infants’ sensitivity to native sound contrasts is influenced by their family socio‐economic status.Research Highlights
We investigated effects of socio‐economic status on infant speech perception.
Infants were tested on native and non‐native speech discrimination.
Socio‐economic status predicted native speech discrimination.
Maternal occupation was a key predictor of native speech discrimination.
Distintos tonos de gris más allá del blanco y negro. Efectos de la segmentación legal en la segmentación del mercado de trabajo en Europa
Authors: DINGELDEY Irene , GERLITZ Jean‐Yves 
Published: November 2022

ResumenSe estudia el impacto de la legislación laboral en la segmentación de facto del mercado de trabajo en 22 países europeos de 1991 a 2014. Se distinguen tres funciones de la legislación laboral basadas en el concepto de segmentación legal —estandarización (protectora), constitución de privilegios e igualación— y se estudian sus efectos sobre el empleo global, típico y atípico, masculino y femenino mediante estadísticas descriptivas y multivariantes. Fuertes privilegios, combinados con un alto grado de estandarización, favorecen el empleo típico masculino y atípico femenino, mientras que la igualación en favor de las mujeres y demás grupos marginados aumenta el empleo atípico masculino.
Interpopulation variation in inbreeding is primarily driven by tolerance of mating with relatives in a spermcasting invertebrate
Authors: Olsen Kevin C. , Levitan Don R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe degree to which individuals inbreed is a fundamental aspect of population biology shaped by both passive and active processes. Yet, the relative influences of random and non‐random mating on the overall magnitude of inbreeding are not well characterized for many taxa. We quantified variation in inbreeding among qualitatively accessible and isolated populations of a sessile marine invertebrate (the colonial ascidian Lissoclinum verrilli) in which hermaphroditic colonies cast sperm into the water column for subsequent uptake and internal fertilization. We compared estimates of inbreeding to simulations predicting random mating within sites to evaluate if levels of inbreeding were (1) less than expected because of active attempts to limit inbreeding, (2) as predicted by genetic subdivision and passive inbreeding tolerance, or (3) greater than simulations due to active attempts to promote inbreeding via self‐fertilization or a preference for related mates. We found evidence of restricted gene flow and significant differences in the genetic diversity of L. verrilli colonies among sites, indicating that on average colonies were weakly related in accessible locations, but their levels of relatedness matched that of first cousins or half‐siblings on isolated substrates. Irrespective of population size, progeny arrays revealed variation in the magnitude of inbreeding across sites that tracked with the mean relatedness of conspecifics. Biparental reproduction was confirmed in most offspring (86%) and estimates of total inbreeding largely overlapped with simulations of random mating, suggesting that interpopulation variation in mother–offspring resemblance was primarily due to genetic subdivision and passive tolerance of related mates. Our results highlight the influence of demographic isolation on the genetic composition of populations, and support theory predicting that tolerance of biparental inbreeding, even when mates are closely related, may be favoured under a broad set of ecological and evolutionary conditions.
Multiple Lugol‐unstained lesions predict higher cumulative risk of malignance in the esophagus
Authors: Qi Zifan , Liu Mengfei , Zhou Ren , Guo Chuanhai , Liu Anxiang , Yang Haijun , Li Fenglei , Duan Liping , Shen Lin , Wu Qi , Wu Nan , Liu Zhen , Pan Yaqi , Liu Fangfang , Liu Ying , Cai Hong , He Zhonghu , Ke Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe impact of the presence of multiple Lugol‐unstained lesions (LULs) in the esophagus on the risk of having severe dysplasia and above (SDA) lesions among asymptomatic individuals is unknown.MethodsWe collected demographic factors, behavioral variables, and features of LULs from 1073 participants who were biopsied at baseline endoscopic screening in a population‐based screening trial, and these individuals were followed over a median time of 7 years. Outcome events were defined as SDA identified at screening, at reexamination, or during follow‐up. “Multiple LULs” were defined as ≥ 2 LULs found in the entirety of the esophagus. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to assess the effect of “multiple LULs” on the cumulative risk of SDA.ResultsThere were 147 SDA cases in the current study. After adjustment for potential risk factors and endoscopic features of LULs, the presence of “multiple LULs” slightly increased the cumulative risk of having SDA with no statistical significance (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.85, 1.88]). Further stratified analysis showed that this association was strong among subjects with small LULs (≤ 5 mm) (adjusted OR = 3.29; 95% CI [1.39, 7.79]). However, no such association was observed in subjects with larger LULs (adjusted OR = 0.99; 95% CI [0.63, 1.55], P interaction = 0.022).ConclusionsThe presence of “multiple small LULs (≤ 5 mm)” in chromoendoscopy indicates a higher cumulative risk of having SDA in the esophagus. We recommend biopsies be taken and surveillance be maintained at a more active level in individuals with relatively small but multiple LULs.
Safety and efficacy of apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban in obese and morbidly obese patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: A real‐world analysis
Authors: Chugh Yashasvi , Gupta Kashvi , Krishna Hanumanthu Balram , Ayala Renato Quispe , Zepeda Ignacio , Grushko Michael , Faillace Robert T 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation and heart failure are combined risk factors for thromboembolic events. Obese and morbidly obese individuals have been underrepresented in clinical trials studying safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).ObjectivesStudy the comparative safety and efficacy of DOACs in obese and morbidly obese patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, and concomitant congestive heart failure.MethodsIn the present single‐center retrospective observational study, patients with an ICD‐9 code of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, and congestive heart failure on a DOAC (apixaban[n = 155], rivaroxaban[n = 335], dabigatran[n = 393]) were followed for a median 12.5 months (IQR: 22.1 months). Obesity was defined as a body mass index, BMI ≥ 30 and < 40 kg/m2 [n = 614], and morbid obesity as BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 [n = 269]. Clinical endpoints were grouped into safety (composite of intracranial‐hemorrhage, gastrointestinal‐bleeds, hemorrhagic‐stroke, and other bleeds), and efficacy (composite of ischemic‐stroke and systemic‐embolism) endpoints. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare safety, efficacy, and all‐cause mortality outcomes.ResultsIn obese patients, no statistical difference was observed in efficacy of DOACs. A statistical difference was observed in the safety of DOACs in obese patients. Apixaban was found to be safer than dabigatran [hazard ratio [HR] 0.37 (0.16‐0.87), p = .02] and rivaroxaban [HR 0.29 (0.12‐0.67), p = .004]. In morbidly obese patients, there was no overall statistical difference in the efficacy or safety of DOACs.ConclusionIn obese patients with congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter on DOACs, apixaban has the most favorable safety profile compared to rivaroxaban and dabigatran.
The Effect of a Coaching Clinic on Student-Coaches’ Behavior During a Basketball Sport Education Season With Preservice Teachers
Authors: Iserbyt Peter , Dehandschutter Toon , Leysen Hilde , van der Mars Hans 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To investigate (a) if a coaching clinic (CC) impacted student-coaches’ behavior and academic learning time during a basketball Sport Education season and (b) if 3v3 game performance improved as a function of the coaching clinic. Method: Preservice teachers (n = 85) were randomly assigned to a CC or a comparison group and taught a 16-lesson Sport Education-based basketball season. The CC group received a coaching clinic in which student-coaches were introduced to core instructional skills, including task organization, task presentation, and delivering congruent feedback. Results: For both groups, coaching time significantly increased from 11.5% to 34.1%, p = .02, as well as cognitive learner involvement, p < .01. CC coaches provided significantly more demonstrations, p < .02. Players in the CC group had significantly greater improvement in 3v3 game play, p = .01. Conclusion: The clinic positively impacted student-coaches’ demonstrations, which likely contributed to improved 3v3 performance.
PCSK9 inhibitors for anti-inflammation in atherosclerosis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Luo Jichang , Liao Wanying , Wang Xue , Xu Ran , Li Wei , Li Wenjing , Liu Kan , Huang Kaixun , Ma Yan , Wang Tao , Yang Bin , Jiao Liqun 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAtherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lipid accumulation and inflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are an emerging lipid-lowering agent reported as a potential anti-inflammation effect in the prevention of CVD. However, the anti-inflammatory effect is still elusive. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to analyse the anti-inflammatory effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on atherosclerosis in practice.Methods and analysisThis protocol was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. We will include double-blind, randomised controlled trials that reported changes in the levels of inflammatory markers, with an intervention arm of PCSK9 inhibitors and a treatment duration of more than 2 weeks. The following databases will be mainly searched from 1 January 2003 to the formal search date: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The primary aim is to assess the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on inflammatory markers, including circulating inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, white cell counts, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and local inflammatory markers such as the most diseased segment target-to-background ratio of the index vessel in adult patients with atherosclerosis. We will assess the quality of evidence, heterogeneity and report bias following the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Ethics and disseminationDue to the systematic review being based on published studies, no ethics approval is required. The study results will be presented at international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022297710.
Torn between two worlds: parental experiences of neonatal follow-up for infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in India–a qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Chandrasekaran Suja Angelin , John Hima B , Ross Benjamin Jeyanth , Arumugam Asha , Balan Indira , Samuel Reema 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators of a neonatal follow-up programme, as perceived by parents of infants born with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).DesignThis study applied a qualitative study design using interpretative phenomenological analysis. It included focus group discussions, face-to-face in-depth interviews and telephonic interviews. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.SettingNeonatal follow-up clinic of a tertiary hospital in South India. The study was conducted between March and December 2020.ParticipantsFive fathers and eight mothers of infants with HIE.ResultsParents of children with HIE are torn between two worlds—an atmosphere of support and one of criticism. Three main themes were identified: (1) neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay: distressful versus reassuring experiences; (2) parenthood: supportive versus unsupportive environments; and (3) neonatal follow-up: adherence versus non-adherence.ConclusionParents of children with HIE experience sociocultural barriers in the NICU, after discharge and during the follow-up period. These lead to a complex array of emotional and physical consequences that affect parenting and follow-up care.
Burnout and its associated factors among healthcare workers and the general working population in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide cross-sectional internet-based study
Authors: Matsuo Takahiro , Yoshioka Takashi , Okubo Ryo , Nagasaki Kazuya , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence and the associated factors of burnout among both healthcare workers (HCWs) and the general working population, which has not yet been unknown, using large-scale, nationwide data.DesignCross-sectional internet-based study.SettingNationwide internet survey conducted between 8 and 26 February 2021 in Japan.ParticipantsWorkers aged 20–64 years. We classified the workers as HCWs and the general working population.ExposuresDemographic characteristics (age, sex and marital status), socioeconomic status (education, employment and income), health-related, work-related and industry-related factors (smoking, alcohol use, physical and psychiatric comorbidities, working hours, types of healthcare professionals, experience on the COVID-19 frontline and working industries).Main outcome measuresBurnout defined as a score of ≥3 points on the Mini-Z Single-Item Burnout Scale.ResultsOf the included 12 650 workers, 1087 were HCWs. After inverse probability weighting on data from the 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions, burnout in HCWs and the general working population was 33.5% (95% CI 29.2% to 38.0%) and 31.0% (95% CI 29.7% to 32.4%), respectively. In the weighted multivariable modified Poisson regression models, working 60 hours or more was associated with burnout in all workers (HCWs: prevalence ratio (PR) 2.52, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.76; general population: PR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.48). Widowed/separated compared with married was associated with burnout only among HCWs (PR 1.69, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.47), whereas presence of physical or psychiatric comorbidities was associated with burnout among the general working population (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28; and PR 1.65, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.87, respectively).ConclusionsBurnout was prevalent in both HCWs and the general working population in Japan. Both common and specific risk factors were observed. Our findings highlight the need for the general workplace policy and targeted interventions for burnout prevention.
Distribution of risk factors differs from coronary heart disease and stroke in China: a national population survey
Authors: Li Yapeng , Yin Ling , Shen Ying , Wang Anran , Zhou Lue , Gao Yuan , Li Yusheng , Lu Jie , Shi Songhe , Tian Chuansheng , Xu Yuming , Wang Longde 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the distribution differences of common risk factors between coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in China.SettingThe China National Stroke Screening Survey is a cluster sampling survey based on a nationwide general community population, adopting multistage stratified sampling method and covering all 31 provinces in China mainland.ParticipantsA total number of 725 707 people aged 40 years and above were included in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe basic demographic information, lifestyle behaviour, physical examination, traditional risk factors, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD events were collected. Risk factors of CHD and stroke were explored and analysed in the whole investigated population to identify the common risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the distribution difference of risk factors between CHD and stroke.ResultsThere were 13 variables associated with CHD and stroke, in which 11 variables revealed differences in the distribution between CHD and stroke. Family history of stroke (OR: 2.30; 95% CI 2.15 to 2.45), men (OR: 1.92; 95% CI 1.80 to 2.05), rural areas (OR: 1.70; 95% CI 1.60 to 1.80), transient ischaemic attack (OR: 1.41; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.54) and hypertension (OR: 1.28; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.38) indicated significantly stronger association with stroke, while family history of CHD (OR: 0.25; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.27), atrial fibrillation (OR: 0.60; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.71), diabetes (OR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.81), dyslipidaemia (OR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.81), smoking (OR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.85) and overweight/obesity (OR: 0.90; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93) had closer relationship with CHD.ConclusionsThe distribution of risk factors for CHD and stroke were substantial differences. More specific prevention and control measures should be formulated according to the distribution differences of risk factors related to CVD.
On interactions of massless spin 3 and scalar fields
Authors: Lavrov P. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing new approach for the deformation procedure in the case of reducible gauge theories (Lavrov in Eur Phys J C 82:429, 2022), it is shown that in the model of massless spin 3 fields and a real scalar field local cubic vertices invariant under initial gauge transformations do not exist while local quartic gauge-invariant vertices can be constructed.
Gas transport in Boom Clay: the role of the HADES URL in process understanding
Authors: Jacops Elke , Yu Li , Chen Guangjing , Levasseur Séverine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Since the 1990s, SCK CEN, EIG EURIDICE and ONDRAF/NIRAS have been investigating the impact of gas generation on the Boom Clay and the engineered barriers. Several experiments have been performed to study gas transport in Boom Clay at laboratory scale and in the HADES URL. This paper gives an overview of these experiments. The transition from the laboratory to the
in-situ
scale is still a challenging task. It is our ambition to address these issues for Boom Clay, starting with the diffusive transport of dissolved gas. A large set of gas diffusion coefficients in Boom Clay from small-scale lab experiments (centimetre scale) is already available, and in order to validate these for use on a larger (metre) scale, an
in-situ
diffusion experiment with dissolved gas will be performed in the HADES URL, using the existing boreholes. In this new experiment, called NEMESIS, dissolved neon gas will be injected in one filter, and its diffusion will be monitored by three other filters. By re-using existing boreholes dating from the 1990s, the NEMESIS experiment will continue to provide new diffusion data for the next five years.