bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Palestinian Citizens of Israel: Nationality and Identity of Arabs in the Jewish State
Authors: Gialdini Cecilia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article addresses the condition of the Palestinian citizens of Israel as a minority trapped into a Jewish state. It investigates the status of the minority both under a legal perspective – focusing on the norms regarding the definition of minority in the Israeli state-, and under a social and political perspective. The paper moves forward to analysing the attitude of the Israeli state towards its Palestinian citizens and the actual recognition of minority rights, in particular regarding the preservation of group identity.
Excessive State Intervention in Regulating Minority Educational Institutions
Authors: Kaul Dushyant Kishan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article explores the extent of state regulation in aided minority educational institutions. It analyses the decision in the Sk. Md. Rafiq, which goes contrary to the settled law of limited state interference. In matters of selection and appointment of teachers, the state can prescribe only certain criteria to achieve ‘educational excellence’ in the ‘national interest’. However, the impugned statutory provisions have virtually eroded the autonomy that the management board of the institution hitherto enjoyed. The ripples of this decision are far-reaching, given this unprecedented judicial affirmation of virtually unbridled state intervention. State control is necessary to ensure that such institutions maintain basic standards in imparting education. It cannot pave the way for a situation where the board is bound by state recommendations. A moderate state role in such institutions is essential for the preservation of the minority character of institutions under Article 30(1) of the Indian Constitution.
Increasing Trust in the Digital Market Through Regional Rules: the Case of Asia
Authors: Metcalf Katrin Nyman , Papageorgiou Ioannis F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Our daily lives get increasingly more digitalised, with cyberspace taking a central role in many different contexts in the public and private sectors. The nature of digital tools is such that they challenge the traditional notion of national borders and jurisdictions of nation states. The discussion about how the protection of rights is affected by modern technologies is ongoing globally, including new ways to make rules – in multistakeholder fora, as a mixture of soft and hard law, etc. In an increasingly globalised world, the notion of universal rights should provide a useful instrument with which to mitigate any negative effects of the challenges to traditional jurisdiction that the borderless cyber environment poses. Regional rulemaking can serve as a stepping-stone on the way to global rules. Although Europe is the most advanced continent generally when it comes to regional integration and regional protection of rights, various initiatives exist also elsewhere. Asia has traditionally not had strong regional integration systems or regional protection of rights. A specific ‘Asian view’ that is not open to regional initiatives has been mentioned, but this is challenged as digitalisation raises similar issues in all countries and a lack of harmonisation of rights protection can hinder trade. The nature of rights in the digital environment, with standards and less ‘political’ rights may speak in favour of greater possibilities for a regional approach in Asia.
Child Soldiers Caught in a Cultural Kaleidoscope
Authors: De Bondt Wendy , Van Erdeghem Rozelien 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Child participation in armed conflicts continues to challenge societies. Many diverging opinions and (perceived) legislative inconsistencies can be brought back to cultural differences spread over three axes. First, the recognition of child competence and their right to decide to participate in an armed conflict, differs significantly across and even within cultures. Second, the notion of “child” in child soldiers is conceptualised differently. Third, questions concerning their criminal liability for acts committed whilst being a child soldier continue to be fiercely debated. The question arises whether it is possible to draft a solid legal framework, recognising the vast cultural diversities.
The Invisible Child
Authors: Križ Katrin , Krutzinna Jenny , Pösö Tarja , Skivenes Marit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We know little about how children are portrayed in care order cases. Using a Child Equality Perspective (cep), which demands the child’s presence in proceedings even for children who are not capable of partaking fully in the decision-making process, we examine a sample of 216 judgments from 8 countries involving 220 infants. Our study reveals that the children remain largely invisible, but with clear country differences. Children’s invisibility constitutes a fundamental obstacle for children being “equal” in the judgments that will shape the child’s future. This invisibility raises concerns about the quality of the judicial decisions about the child’s best interest.
Establishing the Right to Play as an Economic, a Social and a Cultural Right
Authors: Lott Naomi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The right to play is a multifaceted right and in its very nature crosses boundaries. Whilst human rights are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent, this article explores unique aspects of economic, social and cultural rights. It examines the ways in which the right to play applies to these categories of rights through looking at the nature and impact of play. The article argues that the right to play should be established and understood as an economic right, a social right and a cultural right, enabling discussion on the right to play to move forward to address its implementation.
Human Rights Group Intervention in Primary School
Authors: Stavrou Vaia , Brouzos Andreas , Vassilopoulos Stephanos P. , Koutras Vasilios 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Human rights education at school has a positive social and educational impact on children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week pilot human rights education programme. Participants were Greek primary school students (n = 152) divided into intervention (n = 91) and control (n = 61) groups. One week before the implementation of the programme and one week after its termination all study participants completed a written questionnaire regarding their knowledge of rights, school engagement, perceptions of the school environment characteristics, interpersonal relationships, empathy, school liking, school avoidance and loneliness. Members of the intervention group repeated the completion process two months later. The results showed that the intervention significantly improved the participants’ knowledge of rights, attentiveness, sense of school belonging, perceptions of student-centered learning process, emotional support, and school liking, while school avoidance and loneliness were significantly reduced. The study’s implications are discussed.
Youth Justice, Community Safety and Children’s Rights in Australia
Authors: Walsh Tamara , Fitzgerald Robin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Australian children have few legal rights and in the context of youth justice, community safety tends to be prioritised over the best interests and wellbeing of children. “Tough on crime” approaches to youth justice law and policy have been influenced by penal populism, whilst the voices of practitioners who work with young people who commit offences remain largely ignored. We interviewed 92 practitioners who work in criminal law settings in a low socioeconomic area in Queensland, Australia, to ascertain their views on the effectiveness of criminal law interventions in their community. Practitioners recognised the need to ensure the safety of the community when dealing with the offending behaviour of children, but they felt that current criminal law responses do not achieve this goal. Instead, they were in favour of interventions that prioritised children’s wellbeing so that the causes of their offending behaviour were addressed. Whilst they did not use rights-based language, their suggestions for reform were consistent with the protection of children’s fundamental rights as recognised by international law.
Revisiting the Question of Literary Patronage under the Early Safavids
Authors: Beers Theodore S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article reviews an old debate in Persian literary history surrounding the judgment of early modern poetry and, in particular, the legacy of the Safavid dynasty, and argues that a few of the questions over which scholars once disagreed have not been resolved to the extent that might be suspected. The general narrative that prevailed for most of the twentieth century, in which Persian lyric poetry of the early modern era was criticized as decadent and the Safavids were denounced for having abandoned their traditional duty to promote arts and letters, is now rightly considered obsolete. As the field has developed a more mature approach to these issues, however, the question of patronage at the Safavid court has been set aside more than it has been settled. We still have not reached a comprehensive understanding of the transformations that took place in Persian literary culture from the tenth/sixteenth century onward. The migration of scores of Iranian poets to Mughal India is recognized as a key development, but the impact of the contemporary situation in Safavid lands – including, perhaps, a relative lack of patronage – merits reconsideration.
“Mad Mongols”, Uncivilised Russians
Authors: Behringer Paul J. Welch 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article examines US military reactions to violence during the Russian Civil War in the Far East (1918 - 1922). Paying close attention to US descriptions of anti-Bolshevik-perpetrated atrocities, it demonstrates that American military officers fell back on stereotypes of Russians and other ethnicities as having an “Asiatic” propensity for barbarism. This reasoning caused some American observers to misunderstand the dynamics of violence in the Far Eastern theatre. By relying on these accounts to describe the violence of the Russian Civil War, historians of the US intervention have at times perpetuated myths and misunderstandings, rather than exploring the relationship between perceptions and violence. This article thus shows how a critical examination of primary sources that also analyses various forms of violence can improve our understanding of the Russian Civil War in the Far East.
Effect of Cu and Mg addition on the mechanical and degradation properties of Zn alloy wires
Authors: Cheng Zhaojun , Xu Yan , Wang Xianli , Xie Qiuyuan , Liu Huan , Shao Yi , Xia Dandan , Chu Chenglin , Feng Feng , Bai Jing 
Published: August 2022

In this study, Zn-xCu (-0.1 Mg) wires with a diameter of 0.3 mm were obtained by hot extrusion and cold drawing. The microstructures, mechanical properties, and degradation behaviour were investigated to evaluate their feasibility as biodegradable metals. During the drawing process of the Zn-xCu alloys, many granular CuZn5 phases were dynamically precipitated, and the grains were significantly refined, along with a significant work softening with the tensile strength decreasing and the elongation increasing (from 161 MPa to 92 MPa and 22%–103% for Zn-0.2Cu). With the increase of Cu additions, the phenomenon of work softening was more intense and there was an opposite trend in the strength changes between the as-extruded rods (increase) and as-drawn wires (decrease). With 0.1 wt.% Mg added, the stable rod-like Mg2Zn11 phase was formed in as-extruded Zn-xCu-0.1 Mg rods, which obviously improved the strength, and inhibited the dynamic precipitation of granular CuZn5 phase and work softening phenomenon in the drawing process (from 332 MPa to 313 MPa and 11%–46% for Zn-0.2Cu-0.1 Mg). In addition, due to the micro-galvanic effect induced by the precipitates, alloying accelerated the degradation of Zn alloy wires, especially Zn-1Cu-0.1 Mg, which was related to the shape, distribution, and potential of the phases.
Characterization of Risk Factors for Calciphylaxis in Hemodialysis Patients in the Fraser Health Renal Program – A Matched Case-Control Retrospective Review
Authors: Jang Ashley , Mark Ho Man Hon , Yan Luzhi 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Calciphylaxis is a lethal and rare disease characterized by ischemic and necrotic skin lesions caused by vascular calcification of adipose tissue. There have been many risk factors analyzed in the literature; however, the pathogenesis of calciphylaxis is still not well understood and treatment options are limited due to the lack of interventional studies. Our objectives were to describe risk factors, prevalence, incidence, and outcomes for calciphylaxis in hemodialysis patients within the Fraser Health Renal Program. Methods: This was a retrospective matched case-control study of hemodialysis patients within the Fraser Health Renal Program. Hemodialysis patients with calciphylaxis were matched to hemodialysis patients without calciphylaxis in a 1:2 ratio for age and sex from September 2, 2017 to July 3, 2020. Findings: There was a total of 40 calciphylaxis cases matched to 80 controls. In the univariate analysis, peritoneal dialysis, higher body mass index, lower serum iron, lower transferrin saturation, sevelamer, cinacalcet, warfarin, iron (PO), and insulin were associated with increased risk of calciphylaxis. In the multivariate analysis, only peritoneal dialysis, serum iron, sevelamer, and warfarin were identified as significant and strong risk factors associated with calciphylaxis. A low prevalence of 1.9% and high mortality rate of 57.5% at 12 months was found for calciphylaxis cases. Discussion: Significant risk factors associated with calciphylaxis were peritoneal dialysis, serum iron, sevelamer, and warfarin. Future studies should further investigate the impact of minimizing exposure to these risk factors to reduce calciphylaxis development.
Psychosocial Factors and Telomere Length Among Parents and Infants of Immigrant Arab American Families
Authors: Khalil Dalia , Giurgescu Carmen , Misra Dawn P. , Templin Thomas , Jenuwine Elizabeth , Drury Stacy S. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Immigrant Arab American families face multiple stressors related to migration and resettlement. Telomere length (TL) is an established biomarker of aging and psychosocial stress. No published studies have concurrently examined the association between maternal and paternal psychosocial factors and infants’ TL. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare mother, father, and infant TLs; (2) explore the association of maternal and paternal psychosocial factors (acculturative stress and depressive symptoms) with maternal and paternal TL; and (3) explore the association of maternal and paternal psychosocial factors with infants’ TL among Arab American immigrants. Method: Using a cross-sectional exploratory design, a sample of 52 immigrant Arab American mother-father-infant triads were recruited from community centers. Data were collected in a single home visit when the infant was 6–24 months old. Each parent completed the study questionnaires addressing their psychosocial factors (acculturative stress, and depressive symptoms), then parents and infants provided buccal cell for TL measurement. Results: Maternal TL was positively correlated to infants’ TL ( r = .31, p = .04) and significantly shorter ( p < .001). Paternal TL was not correlated with infant TL but was significantly shorter than infant’s TL ( p < .001). Maternal depression was significantly correlated with mothers’ TL ( r = .4, p = .007). Higher levels of maternal depressive symptoms were significantly associated with shorter infant TL when controlling for background characteristics. Conclusions: Our pilot study is the first study to examine maternal and paternal psychosocial factors related to migration and infants’ TL. More research is needed to advance our understanding of the effects of immigration on the intergenerational transfer of stress and trauma.
Pain After Preoperative Ultrasound Guided Hip Injections for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Holbert S. Elliott , Fowler Brook , West Michaline , Morris Jennifer , Turcotte Justin , King Paul 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Hip replacement is a frequently performed and highly successful treatment for patients with end stage osteoarthritis. Advances in technique and pain management have allowed for rapid mobilization and early discharge after surgery. We hypothesize that pre-incision intra-articular injection of local anesthetic with epinephrine under image guidance combined with post incision peri-articular injection (PAI) may be more effective than PAI alone. Methods. A prospective, randomized, controlled, comparative investigation at a single institution of 41 patients undergoing THA who received standard 30 mL post-arthrotomy, PAI of ropivacaine with epinephrine under direct visualization after prosthesis implantation before closure or an equivalent dose divided into a 10 mL pre-incision, ultrasound guided intra-articular injection and a 20 mL post-arthrotomy PAI. Results. 42 patients were included in this study before its early conclusion with 22 patients in the treatment group and 20 in the control group. There were no significant differences in age, BMI or ASA scores. Additionally, there were no significant differences noted when comparing groups by postoperative outcome measures including OMME, EBL, OR time, PACU minutes, and first and last PACU pain score. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the PROMs evaluated. Discussion. The addition of ultrasound guided pre-incision intra-articular injection to the standard PAI had no benefit when compared with standard PAI during a THA. Portable mobile phone based ultrasound devices provide a cost effective way to perform musculoskeletal blocks, and further studies on their use and comparative accuracy is warranted. A novel technique for confirmation of injection location is described.
Novel ferroptosis-related gene signature as a potential prognostic tool for gastric cancer
Authors: Song Ling , Feng Dou , Tan Jiajie , Zhang Hong 
Published: August 2022

Objectives Gastric cancer (GC) is a major global health concern and is difficult to diagnose in the early stage. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, novel form of non-apoptotic cell death. In recent years, inducing the upregulation of ferroptosis-related genes has become a promising therapeutic alternative for cancers, especially those resistant to traditional treatments. However, the relationship between ferroptosis-related genes and GC remains to be further elucidated. Methods In the present study, mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of patients with GC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas and used as test data. A multigene signature was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model. Data of patients with GC from ‘GSE84426’ in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used as Training data for validation. Results More than half ferroptosis-related genes were differentially expressed in GC tissues and adjacent normal tissue samples (58.43%) in the test data. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that 16 differentially expressed genes were related to the prognosis of GC (all p < 0.05). Expression profiles of the 16 DGEs were analysed using LASSO Cox regression, and a prognostic model was established by selecting the 10 best genes for λ. These 10 genes were used to construct a 10-gene signature and stratify patients into two risk groups. Based on the median risk score in the test data, patients with GC were divided into high- and low-risk groups ( p < 0.001). Risk score was an independent predictor for overall survival in multivariate Cox regression analyses ( p < 0.001 and <0.01 in the test and training data, respectively; hazard ratio >1). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the predictive capacity of the 10-gene signature. Functional analysis revealed that tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cell co-stimulation, and cytokine-cytokine receptors were enriched; however, the immune status differed between the two risk groups. Conclusion The novel ferroptosis-related gene signature can be used for GC prognosis. In addition, ferroptosis may provide a novel alternative for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Examining the Relationships Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Student Generational Status, and Exam Performance in Emerging Adult Undergraduates
Authors: York Sarah K. , Chim Louise , Viczko Jeremy , Nicoll Patrick , Fontanilla Cheiyenne , Kasian Andrea , Smart Colette M. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: We aimed to understand how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) correlated with undergraduates’ examination performance, while looking at the contributions of attentional control and resilience. Methods: Students aged 18–25 years were recruited from first-year Psychology classes (Total N = 488). ACE scores, as well as the Attention Control Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale, were measured in conjunction with students’ first exam score of the semester. Results: Participants with no (0) and high (4+) ACE burden had higher resilience compared to those with moderate (1–3) ACE burden. Higher examination scores related to greater levels of attentional control, but no relationship was found with resilience or ACEs. Conclusions: Contrary to predictions, ACEs were related to resilience but in a non-linear fashion. Students with highest ACE burden require further study to understand factors contributing to their academic and personal resilience.
The Clinical Significance of the Modic Changes Grading Score
Authors: Udby Peter M. , Modic Michael , Elmose Signe , Carreon Leah Y. , Andersen Mikkel Ø. , Karppinen Jaro , Samartzis Dino 
Published: August 2022

Study design Cross-sectional retrospective observational study. Objective To evaluate the reliability and clinical utility of the Modic changes (MC) grading score. Method Patients from the Danish national spine registry, DaneSpine, scheduled for lumbar discectomy were identified. MRI of patients with MC were graded based on vertical height involvement: Grade A (<25%), Grade B (25%-50%), and Grade C (>50%). All MRIs were reviewed by 2 physicians to evaluate the reliability of the MC grade. Results Of 213 patients included, 142 patients had MC, 71 with MC-1 and 71 with MC-2; 34% were Grade A, 45% were Grade B, and 21% were Grade C. MC grade demonstrated substantial intra-rater (κ = .68) and inter-rater (κ = .61) reliability. A significantly higher proportion (n = 40, 57%) of patients with MC-1 had a severe MC grade compared to patients with MC-2 (n = 30, 43%, P < .001). Severe MC grade was associated with the presence of severe lumbar disc degeneration (DD) (Pfirrmann grade = V, P = .024), worse preoperative ODI (52.49 vs 44.17, P = .021) and EQ-5D scores (.26 vs .46, P = .053). MC alone including type was not associated with a significant difference in patient-reported outcomes ( P > .05). Conclusion The MC grade score was demonstrated to have substantial intra- and inter-observer reliability. Severe MC grade was associated with both severe DD and MC type, being more prevalent in patients with MC-1. The MC grade was also significantly associated with worse disability and reduced health-related quality of life. Results from the study suggest that MC grade is more clinically important than MC type.