bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validation of CRASH prognostic model in an urban tertiary care public university hospital
Authors: Mulla Asif , Bavishi Devi , Khajanchi Monty , Wärnberg Martin Gerdin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
IntroductionRoad traffic injury is the 7th most common cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Amongst road traffic injuries, traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are the major cause of mortality and morbidity. The multicentre randomized controlled trial CRASH published a prediction model to estimate prognosis in traumatic brain injury patients. This prediction model was derived based on data from High Income and Low and Middle-Income Countries. The external validity of this prediction model was not assessed in Low and Middle-Income Countries. To fill this gap, we aim to external validate the CRASH prediction model in TBI patients in India, a lower-middle income country.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study at the General Surgery Department of an urban tertiary care public university hospital in India. We collected data on the 14-day mortality and 6-month unfavourable outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Calibration and discrimination of the CRASH models (Basic and Computed Tomography model) comparing the observed and predicted outcomes using logistic regression and area under the curve (AUC) was analysed to validate the model.ResultsIn this study, 417 patients with the median age of 40 and age range of 18-95 years were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the calibration of the models in prediction of 14-day mortality (basic p = 0.082, CT p = 0.067) and 6-month unfavourable outcome (Basic p = 0.688, CT p = 0.204). The area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) in basic and CT models in prediction of 14-day mortality were 0.885 and 0.885 respectively. In addition, area under the ROC curve in basic and CT models in prediction of 6-month unfavourable outcome were 0.901 and 0.896, respectively. ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the CRASH basic and CT model both accurately predict 14-day mortality and 6-month unfavourable outcomes of TBI patients in an urban tertiary care public university hospital in India.
Antitumor Immunity and Therapeutic Properties of Marine Seaweeds-derived Extracts in The Treatment of Cancer
Authors: El-Sheekh Mostafa M. , Nassef Mohamed , Bases Eman , Shafay Shimaa El , Elshenoudy Rania 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Marine seaweeds are important sources of drugs with several pharmacological characteristics.The present study aims to evaluate the antitumor and antitumor immunological potentials of the extracts from Padina pavonia and Jania rubens inhibiting the Egyptian marine coasts. Hep-G2 cell lines used for assessment of the antitumor efficacy of Padina pavonia and Jania rubens extracts in vitro, while Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were applied to gain more antitumor immunity and antitumor insights of P. pavonia and J.rubens extracts in vivo. In vitro antitumor potentials of P. pavonia and J. rubens extracts were analyzed against human liver cancer Hep-G2 cells by MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. In vivo antitumor immunological potentials of P. pavonia and J. rubens extracts at low, high, and prophylactic doses were analyzed by blood counting and flow cytometry in mice challenged with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. In vitro results revealed that P. pavonia and J. rubens extracts caused significant decreases in the number and viability of Hep-G2 cells in a dose-dependent manner as compared to untreated Hep-G2 cells or Cisplatin®-treated Hep-G2 cells. In vivo findings showed that P. pavonia and J. rubens extracts at low, high, and prophylactic doses significantly reduced the number and viability of EAC tumor cells accompanied by increases in EAC apoptosis compared to naïve EAC mouse. Additionally, P. pavonia and J. rubens extracts at low and prophylactic doses remarkably increased both the total WBC count and the relative numbers of lymphocytes and decreased the relative numbers of neutrophils and monocytes. Flow cytometric analysis showed that P. pavonia and J. rubens extracts at the treatment and the prophylactic doses resulted in a significant increase in the phenotypic expressions of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD335 cells compared to naïve EAC mouse. Overall, both extracts P. pavonia and J. rubens possess potential antitumor and antitumor immunological effects with less toxicity, opening new approaches for further studies of the chemical and biological mechanisms behind these effects.
Analysis of microbial diversity and community structure of rhizosphere soil of Cistanche salsa from different host plants
Authors: Liu AiLing , Li YuXia , Wang QiQi , Zhang XinRui , Xiong Jie , Li Yang , Sun YanFei , Lei YongHui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Host plants influence Cistanche germination through root secretions, and plant rhizosphere bacteria influence host growth. Therefore, investigating the distribution of rhizosphere microorganisms in these host plants is crucial. Currently, good literature comparing the rhizosphere soil bacteria and fungi of different host plants of Cistanche salsa in the same habitat is lacking. High-throughput sequencing was used here to reveal the similarities and differences in the structural composition of the soil microbial community of C. salsa from six host plants (i.e., Halocnemum, Atriplex, Kalidium, Tamarix, Anabasis, and Ceratoides). We discovered that Ceratoides-parasitizing C. salsa had the highest diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities, and Anabasis-parasitizing C. salsa had the highest diversity of rhizosphere fungal communities. norank_f__norank_o__Actinomarinales and Aspergillus were the most dominant bacterial and fungal genera, respectively. However, differences were noted in the contents of individual samples, which were attributable to the different host plants. RDA results also revealed that AP, HCO3−, pH, Ca2+, SO42−, and K+ had a highly significant impact on the bacterial community structure (P<0.01), while pH and SO42− had a significant impact on the fungal community structure (P<0.05). Moreover, bacteria are more vulnerable than fungi to soil physical and chemical indicators. Conclusively, differences were noted in the structure of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities of C. salsa parasitizing different plants in the same habit. A close correlation was observed between C. salsa and their host plants, soil microorganisms, and soil physical and chemical indicators. Our study findings can provide novel ideas for host plant selection and C. salsa cultivation.
Factors associated with prescribing physiotherapy for adult patients consulting for musculoskeletal disorders in primary care; an ancillary study to ECOGEN
Authors: Peurois Matthieu , Bertin Melanie , Fouquet Natacha , Adjeroud Najia , Roquelaure Yves , Ramond-Roquin Aline 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are multifactorial requiring multidisciplinary treatment including physiotherapy. General practitioners (GP) have a central role in managing MSDs and mostly solicit physiotherapists accounting for 76.1% of physiotherapy prescriptions in France. Patient, physician, and contextual factors, including healthcare accessibility, can influence physiotherapy prescription rates.Objective: To identify patient, physician, and contextual factors associated with physiotherapy prescription in adult patients with MSDs in general practice. Methods: This study is based on the 2011/2012 French cross-sectional ECOGEN study. Analyses included working-age patients consulting their GP for any MSD. Physiotherapy prescription was assessed initially, then adjusted multilevel logistic model analysis of patient, physician, geographical area-related factors associated with these prescriptions was performed. Results: Among the 2305 patients included, 456 (19.8%) were prescribed physiotherapy. Following multilevel multivariate analyses, physiotherapy was prescribed more frequently for female patients (OR 1.28; 95% CI [1.03, 1.59]) with spinal (OR 1.47; 95% CI [1.18, 1.83]) and upper limb disorders (OR 1.66; 95% CI [1.20, 2.29]), and less frequently for patients >50 years (OR 0.69; 95% CI [0.52, 0.91]), living in deprived geographical areas (OR 0.60; 95% CI [0.40, 0.90]). GPs prescribed physiotherapy less frequently if they were > 50 years (OR 0.50; 95% CI [0.39, 0.63]), had a high number of annual consultations, or were practicing in semi-urban area in a multidisciplinary team.Conclusion: This multilevel analysis identifies factors associated with physiotherapy prescription for patients with MSDs, including living in deprived geographical areas. This constitutes an original contribution towards addressing healthcare disparities.
Optimization of surface grinding parameters used in improved surface Integrity
Authors: Salem M. M. , Mohamed S. S. , Ibrahim A. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Surface grinding is one of the most extensively used procedures in industry for finishing materials. Different machining parameters have a great impact on a product's surface quality. While processing temperature increases and heat energy is generated, that may cause a few changes in the tool or workpiece in chemical and physical properties. This will have an effect on the final product surface. Furthermore, numerous aspects of the machine, such as vibration, degree of freedom, and precise size, have an impact on the quality of the surface finish. The machining parameters, on the other hand, have a major role in determining the surface finish.The functional behavior of machined components can be enhanced by the grinding process, so proper selection of grinding wheel specifications and grinding parameters can result in improving the surface integrity.Because of this, understanding the surface integrity imparted by grinding is very important.This paper will display the results of an experimental study that were conducted to comprehensively investigate the effect of surface grinding input machining parameters on the formed surface quality. The experiments are running by changing the input machine parameters which are the feed rate, cutting speed, cooling method and depth of cut. The surface roughness and the cutting forces are the performance to be measured and assessed.It is concluded that the surface roughness (Ra) decreases with the increase in cutting speed and the coolant flow rate. But, as the feed rate and or the depth of cut increase the surface roughness (Ra) will also increase. The results of this investigation can be used to determine the optimal process parameters in order to obtain the required roughness quality of the produced surface in grinding of (ASTM A36) mild carbon steel.
The antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Solanum nigrum against oxidative stress
Authors: Alam Amna , Sahar Amna , Sameen Aysha , Faisal Muhammad Naeem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and in vivo antioxidant potential of Solanum nigrum against phenylhydrazine induced liver injury. The Solanum nigrum extract has significant in vitro antioxidant activity. Moreover, HPLC analysis of ethanolic Solanum nigrum extract showed revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. The Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups for in vivo analysis: G1 (negative control group), G2 (positive control group), G3 (rats receiving standard drug), and G4 (rats receiving Solanum nigrum extract i.e.1.0g/kg b.w.). The Solanum nigrum also reduced the level of liver enzyme, and bilirubin. An opposite trend was seen in the case of albumin, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Histology slides also showed the normal cell structure of hepatocytes. Gene expression analysis demonstrates the upregulation of antioxidant and anti-apoptosis genes. Conclusively, Solanum nigrum has the ability to alleviate liver toxicity in an animal model by reducing oxidative stress and downregulating the apoptosis genes.
Halide Perovskite Glues Activate Two-dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Crystallites for Selective Gas Sensing
Authors: Ye Wen , Zhao Liangdan , Lin Hongzhen , Ding Lifeng , Cao Qiang , Chen Ze-Kun , Wang Jia , Sun Qi-Meng , He Jing-Hui , Lu Jian-Mei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are promising for gas sensing owing to the large surface area, size-tunable pores, abundant active sites, and their semiconducting nature. However, 2D COFs are usually produced in the form of insoluble micro crystallites. Their poor contacts between grain boundaries severely suppress the conductivity, which are too low for chemresistive gas sensing. Here, we demonstrate that halide perovskite nanocrystals can be employed as electric glues to bond 2D COF crystallites to significantly improve their conductivity by two orders of magnitude, activating them to detect NO2 with high selectivity and sensitivity. Resonant microcantilever (RMC), grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), density functional theory (DFT) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) analyses prove that 2D COFs can enrich and transfer electrons to NO2 molecules, leading to increased device conductivity. Our work gives a new approach to improving the conductivity of 2D COF films and expands the applications of 2D COF micro crystallites.
Social contact patterns relevant for infectious disease transmission in Cambodia
Authors: Leung William T.M. , Meeyai Aronrag , Holt Hannah R. , Khieu Borin , Chhay Ty , Seng Sokeyra , Pok Samkol , Chiv Phiny , Drake Tom , Rudge James W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Social mixing patterns are key determinants of infectious disease transmission. Mathematical models parameterised with empirical data from contact pattern surveys have played an important role in understanding epidemic dynamics and informing control strategies, including for SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a paucity of data on social mixing patterns in many settings. We conducted a community-based survey in Cambodia to characterise mixing patterns and generate setting-specific contact matrices according to age and urban/rural populations. Data were collected using a diary-based approach from 2,004 participants, selected by stratified random sampling. Contact patterns were highly age-assortative, with clear intergenerational mixing between household members. Both home and school were high-intensity contact settings, with 27.7% of contacts occurring at home with non-household members. Social mixing patterns differed between rural and urban residents; rural participants tended to have more intergenerational mixing, and a higher number of contacts outside of home, work or school. Participants had low spatial mobility, with 88% of contacts occurring within 1km of the participants’ homes. These data broaden the evidence-base on social mixing patterns in low and middle-income countries and Southeast Asia, and highlight within-country heterogeneities which may be important to consider when modelling the dynamics of pathogens transmitted via close contact.
Novel six-gene prognostic signature based on colon adenocarcinoma immune-related genes
Authors: Zhou Rui , Gao ZhuoWei , Ju YongLe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors worldwide, and immunotherapy is one of the most promising emerging cancer treatments. Immune genes (IGs) play a key role in tumor immunotherapy. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of IGs in patients with COAD and establish an immune-related gene signature. Differentially expressed RNAs (DEGs), immune-related genes (DEIRGs), and transcription factors (DETFs) were screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Immunology Database and Analysis Portal, InnateDB database, and Cistrome database and we constructed a regulatory network between DEIRGs and DETFs. Using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis, we conducted five co-expressed gene modules; six hub genes were obtained using univariate and multivariate regression analysis (CD1A, CD1B, FGF9, GRP, SERPINE1, and F2RL2), leading to the construction of a risk model. Patients from TCGA database were divided into high- and low-risk groups; GSE40967 datasets were used for validation. Survival analysis, somatic gene mutations, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells differed significantly between the high- and low-risk groups. This immune-related gene signature could play an important role in guiding treatment, predicting prognosis, and potentially, future clinical applications.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio Is a Predictive Marker for Anti- MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis
Authors: Liu Tao , Li Wen , Zhang Zehao , Jiang Ting , Fei Yu , Huang Jing , Xie Qibing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: To correlate neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with fatality from dermatomyositis in anti-MDA5 positive patients.Method: A retrospective study in which 195 patients were enrolled was conducted. Clinical and laboratory information was collated and ratios of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts (NLR) calculated. The primary end point was all-cause death.Result: Of the 195 patients studied, all had interstitial lung disease, including 140 survivors and 55 non-survivors. An optimal NLR cut-off value of 4.86 for mortality prediction was identified. The NLR of non-survivors was significantly higher than that of survivors (p<0.001). Plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly increased when NLR was greater than 4.86. Results of multivariate analysis established that NLR>4.86 was an independent predictor of mortality (HR: 2.52; 95%CI: 1.33-4.78; p=0.005). Abstinence from smoking (HR: 2.66; 95%CI: 1.33-4.78; p=0.003), emerge of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD; HR: 4.38; 95%CI: 2.37-8.08; p<0.001), low plasma LDH (HR: 3.82; 95%CI: 2.06-7.11; p<0.001) and appear with dyspnea (HR: 2.17; 95%CI: 1.22-3.86; p=0.009) were all protective factors predictive of survival.Conclusion: NLR is a cost-effective and widely accessible biomarker with utility for risk stratification in patients with anti-MDA5+ dermatomyositis.
Prognostic significance and biological function of SOCS3 in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhou Hui , Chen Liuxi , Liu Ying , Zhang Ruonan , Chen Bi , Feng Jiao , Liu Shuiping , Xiang Yu , Zhang Mingming , Duan Ting , Zhang Wenzheng , Tang Huifen , Yang Zuyi , Chen Xiaohui , Gu Lei , Zhang Qi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) is a family of proteins that respond to cytokine, growth factor and other signals, and can regulate various functions of tumor cells. The purpose of our study was to investigate the prognostic performance and biological function of SOCS3 in bladder cancer. Methods: The clinical information of 80 patients with bladder cancer at Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital was collected and the SOCS3 protein level was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between SOCS3 status and clinical parameters and the prognosis was analyzed. Besides, we explored the biological function of SOCS3 in bladder cancer. Results: The expression of SOCS3 in bladder cancer tissues was lower than that in normal tissues at the protein level and transcription level (P < 0.001). The low expression group of SOCS3 was more inclined to high staging and high grading. The prognosis of the high expression group of SOCS3 was significantly better than that of the low expression group of SOCS3 in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients (P = 0.037). Also, ectopic expression of SOCS3 reduced the cell proliferation and migration ability of the bladder cancer cell line. Conclusions: Our findings imply that SOCS3 is a potential prognostic factor for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and plays a tumor suppressor role in bladder cancer.
Persistence, Use of Resources and Costs in Patients Under Migraine Preventive Treatment: the PERSEC Study
Authors: Irimia Pablo , García-Azorín David , Núñez Mercedes , Díaz-Cerezo Sílvia , Polavieja Pepa García , Panni Tommaso , Sicras-Navarro Aram , Sicras-Mainar Antoni , Ciudad Antonio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Migraine represents a serious burden for national health systems. However, preventive treatment is not optimally applied to reduce the severity and frequency of headache attacks and the related expenses. Our aim was to assess the persistence to traditional migraine prophylaxis available in Spain and its relationship with the healthcare resource use (HRU) and costs.Methods: Retrospective observational study with retrospective cohort design of individuals with migraine treated with oral preventive medication for the first time from 01/01/2016 to 30/06/2018. One-year follow-up information was retrieved from the Big-PacTM database. According to their one-year persistence to oral prophylaxis, two study groups were created and describe regarding HRU and healthcare direct and indirect costs using 95% confidence intervals (CI). The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed as a sensitivity analysis. Patients were considered persistent if they continued on preventive treatment until the end of the study or switched medications within 60 days or less since the last prescription. Non-persistent were those who permanently discontinued or re-initiated a treatment after 60 days.Results: 7,866 patients started preventive treatment (mean age (SD) 48.2(14.8) and 80.4% women), of whom 2,545 (32.4%) were persistent for 6 months and 2,390 (30.4%) for 12 months. Most used first-line preventive treatments were antidepressants (3,642; 46.3%) followed by antiepileptics (1,738; 22.1%) and beta-blockers (1,399; 17.8%). The acute treatments prescribed concomitantly with preventives were NSAIDs (4,530; 57.6%), followed by triptans (2,217; 28.2%). First-time preventive treatment prescribers were mostly primary care physicians (6,044; 76.8%) followed by neurologists (1,221; 15.5%). Non-persistent patients required a higher number of primary care visits (mean difference (95%CI): 3.0 (2.6;3.4)) and days of sick leave (2.7 (0.8;4.5)) than the persistent ones. The mean annual expenditure was €622 (415; 829) higher in patients who not persisted on migraine prophylactic treatment. Conclusions: In this study, we observed a high discontinuation rate for migraine prophylaxis which is related to an increase in HRU and costs for non-persistent patients. These results suggest that the treatment adherence implies not only a clinical benefit but also a reduction in HRU and costs.
Laser Spark Evolution in an Ethylene Jet in Supersonic Crossflow Configuration
Authors: Fries Dan , Ranjan Devesh , Menon Suresh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ignition and relighting in supersonic flows is an important challenge for the design of hypersonic propulsion systems. Supersonic compressible flows of interest exhibit much larger local variations in velocity, shear, and thermodynamic state than their incompressible counterparts. Thus, it is of interest to study the relationship between ignition kernel evolution, the initial spark location, and the kernel's subsequent flow state history. We leverage the flexibility of a laser plasma ignition system to systematically explore a large set of spark locations on the symmetry plane of an ethylene jet in supersonic crossflow setup. CH* measurements are used to visualize chemically active regions and results are correlated with flow field properties derived from Mie-scattering data of the non-reacting flow field. Our study describes the laser plasma properties in detail and scrutinizes the effect of turbulent mixing and flow dilatation on ignition kernels. Finally, the results yield general guidelines for favorable ignition locations in the engineering design of chemically reactive compressible flows.