bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advective Trapping in the Flow Through Composite Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Hidalgo Juan J. , Neuweiler Insa , Dentz Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the mechanisms of advective trapping in composite porous media that consist of circular inclusions of distributed hydraulic conductivity embedded in a high conductivity matrix. Advective trapping occurs when solute enters low velocity regions in the media. Transport is analyzed in terms of breakthrough curves measured at the outlet of the system. The curve’s peak behavior depends on the volume fraction occupied by the inclusions, while the tail behavior depends on the distribution of hydraulic conductivity values. In order to quantify the observed behaviors, we derive two equivalent upscaled transport models. First, we derive a Lagrangian trapping model using the continuous-time random walk framework that is parameterized in terms of volume fraction and the distribution of conductivities in the inclusions. Second, we establish a non-local partial differential equation for the mobile solute concentration by volume averaging of the microscale transport equation. We show the equivalence between the two models as well as (first-order) multirate mass transfer models. The upscaled approach parameterized by medium and flow properties captures all features of the observed solute breakthrough curves and sheds new light on the modeling of advective trapping in heterogeneous media.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of iConquerFear: a self-guided digital intervention for fear of cancer recurrence
Authors: Smith Allan ‘Ben’ , Bamgboje‐Ayodele Adeola , Jegathees Sharuja , Butow Phyllis , Klein Britt , Salter Marj , Turner Jane , Fardell Joanna , Thewes Belinda , Sharpe Louise , Beatty Lisa , Pearce Alison , Beith Jane , Costa Daniel , Rincones Orlando , Wu Verena S. , Garden Frances L. , Kiely Belinda E. , Lim Karen , Morstyn Lisa , Hanley Brigid , Hodgkin Rosemerry , Beattie Annette , Girgis Afaf 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Approximately 50% of cancer survivors experience moderate-severe fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Self-guided digital interventions have potential to address the high level of FCR-related unmet needs at scale, but existing digital interventions have demonstrated variable engagement and efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of iConquerFear, a five-module self-guided digital FCR intervention.

Methods
Eligible curatively treated breast cancer survivors were recruited. Participants reporting clinically significant FCR (≥ 13 on the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form; FCRI-SF) were given access to iConquerFear. Feasibility was indicated by > 50% of eligible participants enrolling in iConquerFear and recording moderate (≥ 120 min) or greater usage. Preliminary efficacy was evaluated via changes in self-reported FCR severity, anxiety, depression, intrusions and metacognitions from baseline to immediately and 3 months post-intervention.

Results
Fifty-four (83%) of 65 eligible participants enrolled in iConquerFear; six subsequently withdrew. Thirty-nine (83%) participants recorded moderate (n = 24; 120–599 min) or high (n = 15; ≥ 600 min) usage. Engagement levels increased with participant age (p = 0.043), but were lower in participants with higher baseline FCR (p = 0.028). Qualitative feedback indicated engagement was sometimes limited by difficulties with navigation and relating to featured survivors. Participants reported significantly improved FCR (mean reduction (95%CI): baseline to post-intervention − 3.44 (− 5.18, − 1.71), baseline to 3-month follow-up − 4.52 (− 6.25, − 2.78), p =  < 0.001).

Conclusion
iConquerFear is a feasible and potentially efficacious intervention for reducing FCR in breast cancer survivors. Easier navigation and more relatable examples may enhance engagement.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
iConquerFear may help address moderate but burdensome FCR levels in cancer survivors.
Malunion of Pediatric Forearm Shaft Fractures: Management Principles and Techniques
Authors: Li T. Peter , Wollstein Adi , Sabharwal Samir , Nayar Suresh K. , Sabharwal Sanjeev 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Clinically significant malunion of forearm diaphyseal fractures is an uncommon but potentially disabling condition amongst children and adolescents. We present the preoperative evaluation, including imaging, and discuss surgical indications and contemporary approaches to manage such patients, including an illustrative case.

Recent Findings
While advances in three-dimensional (3D) simulation, modeling, and patient-specific instrumentation have expanded the surgical armamentarium, their impact on long-term outcomes compared to traditional methods remains unknown.

Summary
Successful outcome following surgical correction of malunion following a both-bone forearm fracture can be achieved with careful patient selection, appropriate indications, and a well-planned surgical execution.
3D X-ray microscopy with a CsPbBr3 nanowire scintillator
Authors: Dierks Hanna , Zhang Zhaojun , Lamers Nils , Wallentin Jesper 
Published: July 2022

AbstractX-ray microscopy is an essential imaging method in many scientific fields, which can be extended to three-dimensional (3D) using tomography. Recently, metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanomaterials have become a promising candidate for X-ray scintillators, due to their high light yield, high spatial resolution, and easy fabrication. Tomography requires many projections and therefore scintillators with excellent stability. This is challenging for MHPs, which often suffer from fast degradation under X-ray irradiation and ambient conditions. Here, we demonstrate that MHP scintillators of CsPbBr3nanowires (diameter: 60 nm, length: 5–9 µm) grown in anodized aluminum oxide (CsPbBr3NW/AAO) have sufficient stability for X-ray micro-tomography. A tomogram was taken with a Cu X-ray source over 41 h (dose 4.2 Gyair). During this period the scintillator brightness fluctuated less than 5%, which enabled a successful reconstruction. A long-term study with 2 weeks of continuous X-ray exposure (37.5 Gyair) showed less than 14% fluctuations in brightness and no long-term degradation, despite variations in the ambient relative humidity from 7.4 %RH to 34.2 %RH. The resolution was stable at (180 ± 20) 1pmm−1, i.e., about 2.8 micron. This demonstrates that CsPbBr3NW/AAO scintillators are promising candidates for high resolution X-ray imaging detectors.
Modeling of subsurface structure by using magnetic methods in the area of Mt. Pandan, Indonesia
Authors: Alawiyah Susanti , Kadir Wawan Gunawan A. , Santoso Djoko , Wahyudi Eko Januari , Aji Waskito , Gunawan Indra 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMount Pandan is an active volcano with geothermal phenomena and is located in tectonically active East Java, Indonesia. We conducted a geomagnetic study around Mount Pandan to obtain further information about fault structures and geothermal prospects. We established 245 geomagnetic observation stations covering an area of 20 km2. We calculated the magnetic anomalies, applied upward continuation and reduction to the pole, and calculated the improved normalized horizontal tilt angle to interpret the area. Furthermore, modeling was performed that included previous research. Our study identified NW–SE-, SW-NE-, and W-E-trending structures that might be affected by the Kendeng thrust fault and act as pathways for geothermal fluid flow. This geothermal fluid is estimated to flow from the southern area between Mount Pandan and Mount Wilis toward the north. There are several hot springs around Mount Pandan and Tirtohusodo hot spring near Mount Wilis. Thus, the heat source may be located in the area between Mount Pandan and Mount Wilis and supply heat for the geothermal systems of both volcanoes. The modeling results show the intrusion of andesite-type bodies at the summit of Mount Pandan and in the northern part of the study area. We found low magnetic anomalies that might indicate a heated region as a potential geothermal area. The reservoir of the geothermal system in Mount Pandan is interpreted to be tuffaceous sandstone from the Kalibeng Formation with claystone from the Klitik Formation as a clay caprock.
Sámi Traditional Knowledge of Reindeer Meat Smoking
Authors: Krarup Hansen Kia , Sara Ravdna Biret Marja E. , Smuk Inger Anita , Brattland Camilla 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReindeer meat, traditional food and knowledge are vital for the culture, health, and economy of Sámi reindeer herders. Nevertheless, the practices of reindeer meat smoking have barely been part of scientific research or reindeer herding management. We investigated Sámi reindeer herders’ approach to meat smoking in Northern Norway performed in the traditional Sámi tent, thelávvu. The investigation included workshops, interviews, participatory observations, and co-analyze meetings. Our findings reveal a typology of the traditional Sámi smoking practices. Sámi reindeer herders use a variety of wood species and plant parts to control the smoke based on a complex system of traditional knowledge. Yet there is a need for education, industry, and research acknowledging, supporting, and maintaining the Sámi meat-smoking process and associated worldviews, knowledge, and practices to ensure ethical, sustainable, and healthy food production.
When Pay Equity Policy Is not Enough: Persistence of the Gender Wage Gap Among Health, Education, and STEM Professionals in Canada, 2006‒2016
Authors: Gupta Neeru , Singh Paramdeep , Balcom Sarah Ann 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examines gender, geographic, and earnings inequalities within and across 13 health, education, and STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and computer science) professions in Canada. Data from the 2006 and 2016 population censuses were pooled and linked to a continuous geospatial remoteness index for assessing trends in occupational feminization and associated employment earnings among degree-holding professionals aged 25–54. Linear regression and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods were used to analyze how personal, professional, and socioenvironmental factors may attenuate or magnify wage differentials by sex. Results show the STEM professions tended to remain male-dominated, heavily urbanized, and subject to significantly lower earnings for women compared to men. Other historically female-dominated professions, notably nursing professionals and secondary school teachers, were characterized with geographic distributions most closely approaching the general population, relatively narrower gender wage gaps, but also lower average annual earnings. A significant gender wage differential was found in each profession, with women earning 4.6‒12.5% less than men, after adjusting for traditional human capital measures, social characteristics intersecting with gender, and community remoteness and accessibility. Residential remoteness and census period generally explained little of the gender wage gap. Despite decades of pay equity policies in Canada, women’s earnings averaged 2.3‒7.9% less than men’s due to unexplained factors, a finding which may be attributed, at least in part, to persistent (unmeasured) gender discrimination even in highly educated professions.
Numerical Approach of a Coupled Pressure-Saturation Model Describing Oil-Water Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Luna Paula , Hidalgo Arturo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo-phase flow in porous media is a very active field of research, due to its important applications in groundwater pollution, $${\text {CO}}_2$$

CO
2

sequestration, or oil and gas production from petroleum reservoirs, just to name a few of them. Fractional flow equations, which make use of Darcy’s law, for describing the movement of two immiscible fluids in a porous medium, are among the most relevant mathematical models in reservoir simulation. This work aims to solve a fractional flow model formed by an elliptic equation, representing the spatial distribution of the pressure, and a hyperbolic equation describing the space-time evolution of water saturation. The numerical solution of the elliptic part is obtained using a finite-element (FE) scheme, while the hyperbolic equation is solved by means of two different numerical approaches, both in the finite-volume (FV) framework. One is based on a monotonic upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL)-Hancock scheme, whereas the other makes use of a weighted essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) reconstruction. In both cases, a first-order centered (FORCE)-$$\alpha$$
α
numerical scheme is applied for intercell flux reconstruction, which constitutes a new contribution in the field of fractional flow models describing oil-water movement. A relevant feature of this work is the study of the effect of the parameter $$\alpha$$
α
on the numerical solution of the models considered. We also show that, in the FORCE-$$\alpha$$
α
method, when the parameter $$\alpha$$
α
increases, the errors diminish and the order of accuracy is more properly attained, as verified using a manufactured solution technique.
Mixed-mode fracture toughness of high strength FRC: a realistic experimental approach
Authors: Hussien M. A. , Moawad M. , Seleem M. H. , Sallam H. E. M. , El-Emam H. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Unfortunately, fibrous composite materials' mixed-mode fracture toughness (K

eff
) was measured using inappropriate through-thickness cracked (TTC) specimens. The problem with such specimens is the ignorance of the fibers in the pre-notch surfaces, i.e., no fiber bridging behind the crack tip. In the present paper, a real K

eff
of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) was experimentally determined using matrix cracked (MC) specimens. Traditional (TTC) specimens were also adopted for comparison. The effect of fiber length (35 mm, 50 mm, and hybrid fibers, 50% from each length) and mode of mixity (M

e
), M

e
= 0, 1/4, and 1/2 were studied. Hooked end steel fibers of a volume fraction equal to 1% were used. All cracked beams with a crack-length-to-beam-depth ratio equal to 0.3 were tested under three-point bending in mode I and mixed-mode. The span/depth ratio was equal to two for all specimens. Since there is no equation to predict the K

eff
of MC specimens and the inapplicability of Griffith's theory to predict the K

eff
due to the difference in crack paths, new realistic procedures were suggested to overcome this dilemma. The results indicated that MC specimens recorded a lower crack initiation load than the peak load. In contrast, the crack initiation load coincides with the peak load in the case of TTC specimens. This reflected the role of steel fibers behind the crack tip in retarding the specimens to reach their ultimate capacity after crack initiation. K

eff
increased with increasing M

e
. Although long fibers recorded higher peak load and energy, their effect on K

eff
of MC FRC specimens was marginal due to the minor effect of fiber length on the crack initiation loads. The MC specimen is a realistic approach for estimating the K

eff
of FRC.
Oil discoveries and gender inequality
Authors: Grecu Anca M. , Bataille Edner 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSome studies suggest that resource-rich countries tend to allocate talent and investment toward the resource sector and away from manufacturing or agriculture reducing the competitiveness of these other sectors. Because mining overwhelmingly employs men, when other sectors shrink so do employment opportunities for women (Ross, 2008). This could significantly affect core social structures. Using plausibly exogenous variation in natural resource wealth due to giant oil discoveries and an event study design, this paper finds that giant oil discoveries are associated with relatively worse female outcomes as measured by higher male/female population ratios, higher teen birth rates, and lower educational attendance of tertiary education among women relative to men. However, the impact on health outcomes tapers off within 8 years. Additionally, during periods of increasing oil prices, there is no significant evidence of such effects possibly due to an income effect.
Anything Goes in Private Law Theory? On the Epistemic and Ontological Commitments of Private Law Multi-Pluralism
Authors: Hesselink Martijn W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the New Private Law Theory (NPLT) recently proposed by Grundmann, Micklitz, and Renner is radically multi-pluralist, in that it combines pluralism along a multitude of dimensions with the absence of any organizing or constraining principle on the meta level. Consequently, the NPLT makes no epistemic commitments about private law truth or ontological commitments about private law reality. The article raises the question of whether a theory which makes no such commitments is a theory at all. Indeed, a site where quite divergent epistemic and ontological commitments are equally acceptable is not usually referred to as a theory but as a democracy. Therefore, the article discusses how NPLT could be turned into a democratic theory of private law. It concludes that to that end, NPLT’s selection of materials should be more diverse, in particular, less economically oriented, less Eurocentric, and more inclusive of various critical perspectives.
A New Genre for a Discipline Made New
Authors: Markovits Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNew Private Law Theory: A Pluralist Approach is a new kind of book. Nevertheless, the book does have forebearers, as innovation is itself an old practice. The best way to understand the book, therefore, is to look farther afield, to a prior effort to produce a new kind of legal book—the first casebook ever published. Christopher Columbus Langdell’s Selection of Cases on the Law of Contracts landed in circumstances that could hardly have been more different from the ones that A Pluralist Approach now engages. But these shallow differences should not be allowed to disguise a shared ambition, which these pages hope to lay bare. Uncovering the book’s deeper ambition will make it possible to assess its prospects for success.
Land-Use Change Conflicts and Anti-Corporate Activism in Indonesia: A Review Essay
Authors: Afrizal  , Berenschot Ward 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile processes of land-use change have triggered conflicts across Asia, our knowledge of the responses of affected communities is largely based on case-studies. This review essay addresses this challenge by reviewing and synthesizing 49 studies of conflicts between rural communities and companies in order to identify salient characteristics of anti-corporate activism in Indonesia. We find that, in contrast to the ‘rightful resistance’ observed elsewhere, the strategies employed by rural communities in Indonesia are remarkably “rightless” as both their discourse and their conflict resolution efforts are marked by a remarkable irrelevance of laws, regulations and courts. Communities frame their claims mostly in terms of customary laws while largely relying on informal mediation by local authorities. We attribute this “rightless” character of land-use change conflicts to the weak legal protection of land rights in Indonesia and the relative powerlessness of communities in the face of collusion between authorities and companies.
Florian Znaniecki’s Culturalistic Sociology of Nation
Authors: Poniedziałek Jacek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to characterize the culturalist theory of the nation by Florian Znaniecki. Opposing the sociological theory dominated by Western, particularly Anglo-Saxon, thinkers, Znaniecki rejected the view of the nation as a state society. He believed that the nation is a type of community constituted by a specific culture that is created by its intellectual leaders. To derive his findings, he used the knowledge gained from the experiences of the nations of Central and Eastern Europe. He believed that their specific history required the development of a sociological theory that was adequate for such research, not dominated by the findings of Western sociology.
Patterns of neck metastasis and occult neck disease during recurrent laryngeal cancer
Authors: Rovira A , Brunet A , Tornari C , Ofo E , Jeannon J-P , Williamson P , Oakley R , Kim D , Arora A , Oikonomou G , Odutoye T , Simo R 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveNumerous factors are considered to impact on the rate of complications during salvage total laryngectomy procedures. Neck dissection could be one of these factors. This study analysed the pattern of lymph node metastasis and rate of occult neck disease during salvage total laryngectomy as well as the impact of neck dissection on survival and complication rates.MethodThis was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained laryngectomy database in two large tertiary teaching hospitals.ResultsThe rate of occult neck disease was 11.1 per cent. Most cases with occult neck disease had rT4 disease. Patients with complications, advanced tumour stage and positive margins had a significant decrease in overall survival. Patients receiving elective neck dissection did not have any survival benefit. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed a very high specificity and negative predictive value.ConclusionAccording to the low risk of occult neck disease when using contemporary imaging techniques as well as the lack of impact on survival, conservative management of the neck should be considered for crT1-T3 recurrence.
‘Assuming our place in the concert of nations’: Burundi as imagined in Pierre Nkurunziza's political speeches
Authors: Filipi Andrea , Wittig Katrin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPierre Nkurunziza died in 2020, just a few months short of completing his tenure as the first post-civil war President of Burundi. Critics have cast him as yet another rebel-turned-politician who came to office on a promise of a democratic transformation but became progressively authoritarian, particularly during his third, disputed term in office. As a political figure, however, Nkurunziza remains poorly understood. What kind of a worldview motivated his politics? Drawing on critical discourse analysis, we identify three recurring themes in Nkurunziza's key political speeches: anti-colonialism; unity and self-sufficiency; and discourse around ‘politics of a new beginning’. These themes were stable across time, indicating Nkurunziza's consistent worldview, but became more pronounced and radical as he faced growing challenges to his legitimacy from within and without. Far from being confined to rhetoric, the themes also manifested in concrete policy decisions, underscoring the urgent need to take ideology seriously in understanding the political trajectories of African leaders.