bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling municipal capacities for citizen participation in transformative climate adaptation
Authors: Glaas Erik , Hjerpe Mattias , Wihlborg Elin , Storbjörk Sofie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransformative adaptation is described as decisive to mitigating risks and to seizing opportunities from a changing climate, requiring new ways of governing, planning and collaborating, alongside technical innovations. Building municipal capacities for citizen participation in adaptation is important to enabling such transformational changes but remains challenging. By applying capacities distilled from the literature on Urban Transformative Capacity and Participatory Climate Governance in a Swedish municipal case, this study aims to disentangle key limits for, and innovations to strengthen, local capacities for citizen participation in transformative climate adaptation. Interviews with municipal officials, focus groups with citizens, and document analyses were employed to analyse how climate adaptation and citizen participation are governed, and how these policy areas are interacting and could be bridged. The study points at conditions that foremost prevent bridging established policies and practices on adaptation and citizen participation, stemming from the different logics and distribution of responsibility within, and lacking collaboration between, these separated policy areas. The analysis concludes that potential ways to enable citizen participation in adaptation involve: broadening the geographical boundaries of deliberations; redefining the target groups for participation; co‐designing participation targets, approaches and evaluation; and developing new ways to analyse and act on the patterns in the citizen inputs received.
How law structures public participation in environmental decision making: A comparative law approach
Authors: Akerboom Sanne , Craig Robin Kundis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite some skepticism regarding its effectiveness, public participation has become a central facet of environmental decision making, including governments' various decisions to address climate change. However, the existing literature tends to address the general benefits of environmental public participation rather than examine details of how such participation actually occurs and how it differs among nations—even among nations all purportedly pursuing similar public participation goals. This article begins to fill that knowledge gap by examining law's key role in structuring how the public in different countries may actually participate in environmental decision making, including in unfolding national agendas to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change impacts. Both the United States and European Union member states have decades of experience in writing—and rewriting—public participation into their environmental laws. This article actively explores and compares how the laws of the United States, the European Union, and the Netherlands (as an exemplar of an EU member state) structure public participation in environmental decision making in order to assess how far along the scale of public participation categories each government has progressed. It concludes that, for the moment, United States environmental law more often allows for public collaboration and empowers the public to make certain kinds of environmental decisions—although a new law in the Netherlands may soon encourage more creative and collaborative forms of public participation there, as well.
A case of vaccine‐associated myocarditis following pneumococcal immunization leading to acute mitral regurgitation
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Takahashi Marie , Isogai Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVaccine‐associated myocarditis (VAM) is a rare entity but can result in potentially serious sequelae if left untreated. However, the mechanisms of the complications of VAM and its treatment remain unclear. Herein, we report the first case of VAM related to pneumococcal immunization, presenting as a local and systemic inflammatory reaction, in which the patient developed significant secondary mitral regurgitation, resulting in acute heart failure. Finally, the patient recovered completely following corticosteroid treatment. This case highlights the value of cardiac magnetic resonance and the pitfall of endomyocardial biopsy in establishing the definitive diagnosis of VAM and emphasizes the importance of optimal management in understanding the mechanism and instituting the treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation caused by VAM.
Heteroligand o‐Semiquinonato Cobalt Complexes of 3‐Cyano and 3‐Nitroformazans
Authors: Protasenko Natalia A. , Arsenyev Maxim V. , Baranov Evgeny V. , Starikova Alyona A. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Cherkasov Vladimir K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of four heteroligand o‐semiquinonate cobalt complexes of bidentate 3‐cyano‐ and 3‐nitroformazans is described. All complexes are characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The square‐planar mono‐o‐semiquinonato‐formazanate cobalt(II) complexes demonstrate diamagnetic properties due to strong intramolecular antiferromagnetic metal–ligand exchange. Magnetic properties of the six‐coordinated bis‐o‐semiquinonato‐formazanate cobalt(III) complexes indicate the domination of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between unpaired electrons of o‐semiquinonato ligands, and the inclusion of electron‐withdrawing cyano and nitro groups at R3 position of formazanate ligand leads to an increase of the energy of this exchange interaction.
The effect of uncertainty on pain decisions for self and others
Authors: Loued‐Khenissi Leyla , Martin‐Brevet Sandra , Schumacher Luis , Corradi‐Dell’Acqua Corrado 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEstimating others’ pain is a challenging inferential process, associated with a high degree of uncertainty. While much is known about uncertainty’s effect on self‐regarding actions, its impact on other‐regarding decisions for pain have yet to be characterized.AimThe present study exploited models of probabilistic decision‐making to investigate how uncertainty influences the valuation and assessment of another’s pain.Materials & MethodsWe engaged 63 dyads (43 strangers and 20 romantic couples) in a task where individual choices affected the pain delivered to either oneself (the agent) or the other member of the dyad. At each trial, agents were presented with cues predicting a given pain intensity with an associated probability of occurrence. Agents either chose a sure (mild decrease of pain) or risky (50% chance of avoiding pain altogether) management option, before bidding on their choice. A heat stimulation was then issued to the target (self or other). Decision‐makers were then asked to rate the pain administered to the target.ResultsWe found that the higher the expected pain, the more risk‐averse agents became, in line with findings in value‐based decision‐making. Furthermore, agents gambled less on another individual’s pain (especially strangers) and placed higher bids on pain relief than they did for themselves. Most critically, the uncertainty associated with expected pain dampened ratings made for strangers’ pain. This contrasted with the effect on an agent’s own pain, for which risk had a marginal hyperalgesic effect.Discussion & ConclusionOverall, our results suggested that risk selectively affects decision‐making on a stranger’s suffering, both at the level of assessment and treatment selection, by (1) leading to underestimation, (2) privileging sure options and (3) altruistically allocating more money to insure the treatment’s success.SignificanceUncertainty biases decision‐making but it is unclear if it affects choice behavior on pain for others. In examining this question, we found individuals were generally risk‐seeking when faced with looming pain, but more so for self; and assigned higher monetary values and subjective ratings on another’s pain. However, uncertainty dampened agents’ assessment of a stranger’s pain, suggesting latent variables may contradict overt altruism. This bias may underlie pain underestimation in clinical settings.
ISFET‐based sensors for (bio)chemical applications: A review
Authors: Cao Shengli , Sun Peng , Xiao Gang , Tang Qiang , Sun Xinyue , Zhao Hongyu , Zhao Shuang , Lu Huibin , Yue Zhao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIon‐sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) sensor is a hot topic these years, playing the combined roles of signal recognizer and converter for (bio)chemical analytes. In this review article, the basic concept, origination, and history of the ISFET sensor are presented. In addition, the common fabrication processes, the most‐used working principle (potentiometric, amperometric, and impedancemetric), and the techniques of gate functionality (physical, chemical, and biological) are discussed introducing the afterward signal transfer processes from ISFET to the terminals through different types of circuits. At last, the development and recent progress (until 2021) of ions and biomolecules (DNA molecules, antibodies, enzymatic substrates, and cell‐related secretions or metabolism) were introduced together with the outlook and facing obstacles (Debye screening, the wearability of ISFET, the multiplexed detections) before the commercialization of ISFET. This review article emphasizes the advantages of the developed ISFET sensors as miniaturization, low‐cost, all‐solid, highly sensitive, and easy operation for portable and multiplexed detections.
A new impact model for the flexible rocking oscillator
Authors: Zhu Huanian , Chatzis Manolis N. , Acikgoz Sinan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotivated by the rocking motion of non‐rigid structures during earthquakes, this paper investigates the rocking behaviour of laterally flexible oscillators. Previous studies in this area utilised ad hoc assumptions to consider transitions between different motion phases at impact. Some models explored direct transitions between two rocking phases assuming that elastic translational velocities remain the same, while others assumed the dissipation of all vertical momentum after a rocking phase, leading to a full contact phase upon impact. In this paper, an improved impact model is proposed, where consistent mechanical principles are used to determine the phase transition criteria. The model departs from the principle that the spring and damper elements of the oscillator cannot transfer horizontal impulses over infinitesimally small durations. Alongside other mechanical constraints, this principle yields a series of momentum equations, which are solved to determine the post‐impact velocities when transiting from one rocking phase to another. Through these equations, it is shown that a transition to full contact implies a specific locus of the vertical impulse from the support medium. Analytical and numerical investigations are then conducted to comparatively evaluate the new impact model. It is demonstrated that the new impact model yields equivalent results to established rigid rocking impact models for effectively rigid structures and resolves long‐standing issues associated with excessive energy dissipation observed in previous models. Time histories of free rocking motion and stability analyses under pulse excitations are used to illustrate and generalise the findings for a range of geometries.
An innovative integrated CCHP system with water scrubbing‐based biogas upgrading unit and molten carbonate fuel cell
Authors: Ghorbani Bahram , Ebrahimi Armin , Skandarzadeh Fatemeh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to develop an integrated structure of simultaneous generation of electricity and refrigeration as the main product and hot water as a by‐product. This proposed structure consists of a water scrubbing biogas upgrading process, molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) unit, gas/steam power (GSP) cycle, and absorption refrigeration (AR) system. In this regard, 10.71 kg/s untreated biogas enters the integrated system and 158,351 kW net power is produced. Wasted heat of the structure is utilized to generate cooling of 253.9 kW at a temperature of 243.6 K by applying the AR system and the rest of the heat is used to generate 8.391 kg/s hot water as the system byproducts. The process integration between the different parts has led to an increase in the thermal efficiency of the whole system so that the electrical and overall efficiencies are 78.68% and 79.86%, respectively. The investigation of the exergy study demonstrates that the exergy destruction of the entire structure is 71,859 kW, of which the turbine/compressor/pump section with 24,700 kW (with a share of 34.37% of the total) and MCFC/reformer section with 22,285 kW (with a share of 31.01% of the total) have the most irreversibility. The exergy efficiency of the hybrid structure is 71.06%. Through a parametric study, the present integrated system in various conditions is assessed. One of the results of main outcomes is the increase of overall efficiency up to 83.39% due to the reduction of inlet biogas methane mole content up to 50%. Rising the methane in inlet biogas, although leading to more production of system products, reduces the efficiencies of various parts of the system, including the MCFC unit and GSP cycle, as well as integrated system total efficiency.
Experimental investigation and performance evaluation of thermal energy management arrangements for robots
Authors: Sevinchan E. , Dincer I. , Lang H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, thermal energy management systems with the choices of three different thermal insulating materials are experimentally investigated for robotic applications. These insulating materials are stone wool, fiberglass and extruded polyurethane with air cooling and heating system which are evaluated in the low and high temperature environments to really assess the thermal behavior and performance in such extreme ambient conditions. In this regard, thermodynamic and heat transfer modeling studies are undertaken to investigate various performance parameters, including energy and exergy efficiencies. The experimental results showed that energy efficiencies of the thermal management methods are obtained 46.34% for stone wool, 31.15% for fiberglass, and 44.3% for air cooling system at 40°C. Moreover, the exergy efficiencies are 12.6% for stone wool, 15.08% for fiberglass, 18.91% for extruded polyurethane, and 3.86% for air cooling system.
Recent advances in overcoming barriers to cell‐based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Ding Yingyue , Wang Yixin , Hu Quanyin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy strategies that use cell‐based delivery systems have sparked much interest in the treatment of malignancies, owing to their high biocompatibility, excellent tumor targeting capability, and unique biofunctionalities in the tumor growth process. A variety of design principles for cell‐based immunotherapy, including cell surface decoration, cell membrane coating, cell encapsulation, genetically engineered cell, and cell‐derived exosomes, give cancer immunotherapy great potential to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. However, the treatment efficacy of cell‐based delivery methods for immunotherapy is still limited, and practical uses are hampered due to complex physiological and immunological obstacles, such as physical barriers to immune infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, upregulation of immunosuppressive pathways, and metabolic restriction. In this review, we present an overview of the design principles of cell‐based delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy to maximize the therapeutic impact, along with anatomical, metabolic, and immunological impediments in using cell‐based immunotherapy to treat cancer. Following that, a summary of novel delivery strategies that have been created to overcome these obstacles to cell‐based immunotherapeutic delivery systems is provided. Also, the obstacles and prospects of next‐step development of cell‐based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy are concluded in the end.
A novel robust structural quadratic forecasting model and applications
Authors: Jiang He 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, big data have been collected and stored for the purpose of forecasting in modern operations management. Nevertheless, a massive amount of data information does not provide additional advantages as expected when implementing forecasting or decision‐making tasks but causes a waste of time and memory for collection, storage, and computing. Besides hierarchical time series forecasting, strong and weak hierarchies in variable space have also been studied for years. To this end, structural variable selection methods that extract vital information from data by distinguishing important variable from nuisance variable with strong or weak hierarchy are favored by scholars. However, the existing structural variable selection methods focus on establishing models with Gaussian or binomial noises without considering heavy‐tailed distributions. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate a robust structured variable selection approach called structural quadratic quantile regression. The model hierarchies are achieved using a proper design of an optimization with check loss function for robustness, regularization term, and one constraint. In computation, a novel algorithm is derived based on Dykstra's algorithm and the proximal alternating direction method of multipliers (pADMM), and its convergence is theoretically guaranteed. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated using both simulation and empirical applications from numbers of scientific domains in forecasting.
Reduced dietary acid load in U.S. vegetarian adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Storz Maximilian Andreas , Ronco Alvaro Luis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDietary acid load (DAL) is an important determinant of systemic pH and acid–base homeostasis. Diets abundant in acidogenic foods, such as meat and meat products, induce a low‐grade metabolic acidosis state that has been associated with cardiovascular disease, type‐2‐diabetes, and an increased cancer risk. Fruits and vegetables have alkalizing properties and beneficially affect DAL. It has thus been suggested that a plant‐based diet (restricting or excluding animal products) may be a powerful tool in reducing DAL; yet studies in that particular field are scarce. To explore these associations in greater detail, we examined DAL in self‐identified vegetarians from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2010). We compared dietary intake and two widely used markers of DAL (PRAL (potential renal acid load) and NEAP (net endogenous acid production; NEAPF and NEAPR)) among 8,398 nonvegetarians and 191 lacto‐ovo‐vegetarians with reliable dietary intake aged 18 years or older. Vegetarians had a more favorable body mass index and consumed fewer calories (1862.31 kcal/d) than nonvegetarians (2041.12 kcal/d). Vegetarians consumed fewer protein (34.17 g/1000 kcal) and phosphorus compared to nonvegetarians (39.50 g of protein/1000 kcal) but had a higher intake of magnesium and potassium. Nonvegetarians exhibited higher median DAL scores (PRAL: 11.90 mEq/d, NEAPF: 53.59 mEq/d, NEAPR: 55.67 mEq/d) than vegetarians (PRAL: −0.44 mEq/d, NEAPF: 39.60 mEq/d, NEAPR: 41.30 mEq/d). Vegetarians had more favorable DAL scores compared to nonvegetarians in this descriptive epidemiologic study. Future (interventional) trials are warranted to examine the varying acid load in different plant‐based dietary patterns.
Structural and functional biomarkers of the insula subregions predict sex differences in aggression subscales
Authors: Long Haixia , Fan Ming , Li Qiaojun , Yang Xuhua , Huang Yujiao , Xu Xinli , Ma Ji , Xiao Jie , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAggression is a common and complex social behavior that is associated with violence and mental diseases. Although sex differences were observed in aggression, the neural mechanism for the effect of sex on aggression behaviors remains unclear, especially in specific subscales of aggression. In this study, we investigated the effects of sex on aggression subscales, gray matter volume (GMV), and functional connectivity (FC) of each insula subregion as well as the correlation of aggression subscales with GMV and FC. This study found that sex significantly influenced (a) physical aggression, anger, and hostility; (b) the GMV of all insula subregions; and (c) the FC of the dorsal agranular insula (dIa), dorsal dysgranular insula (dId), and ventral dysgranular and granular insula (vId_vIg). Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that the GMV of bilateral dIa mediates the association between sex and physical aggression, and left dId–left medial orbital superior frontal gyrus FC mediates the relationship between sex and anger. These findings revealed the neural mechanism underlying the sex differences in aggression subscales and the important role of the insula in aggression differences between males and females. This finding could potentially explain sexual dimorphism in neuropsychiatric disorders and improve dysregulated aggressive behavior.
Transmembrane channel activity in human hepatocytes and cholangiocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Florentino Rodrigo M. , Li Qin , Coard Michael C. , Haep Nils , Motomura Takashi , Diaz‐Aragon Ricardo , Faccioli Lanuza A. P. , Amirneni Sriram , Kocas‐Kilicarslan Zehra N. , Ostrowska Alina , Squires James E. , Feranchak Andrew P. , Soto‐Gutierrez Alejandro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The initial creation of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) set the foundation for the future of regenerative medicine. Human iPSCs can be differentiated into a variety of cell types in order to study normal and pathological molecular mechanisms. Currently, there are well‐defined protocols for the differentiation, characterization, and establishment of functionality in human iPSC‐derived hepatocytes (iHep) and iPSC‐derived cholangiocytes (iCho). Electrophysiological study on chloride ion efflux channel activity in iHep and iCho cells has not been previously reported. We generated iHep and iCho cells and characterized them based on hepatocyte‐specific and cholangiocyte‐specific markers. The relevant transmembrane channels were selected: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, leucine rich repeat‐containing 8 subunit A, and transmembrane member 16 subunit A. To measure the activity in these channels, we used whole‐cell patch‐clamp techniques with a standard intracellular and extracellular solution. Our iHep and iCho cells demonstrated definitive activity in the selected transmembrane channels, and this approach may become an important tool for investigating human liver biology of cholestatic diseases.