bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of Care Poverty
Authors: Kröger Teppo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarises available empirical knowledge concerning the consequences of care poverty. According to a growing body of research evidence, care poverty has many kinds of unwelcome consequences for older people’s health and well-being, and it also leads to an increased use of social and health care. Personal care poverty brings adverse consequences like wetting or soiling oneself, and together with socio-emotional care poverty, it also predicts depression. All domains of care poverty are associated with the incidence of emotional difficulties. Personal and socio-emotional care poverty predict health care use, and admissions in residential long-term care are more frequent among those in personal care poverty. Socio-emotional care poverty even predicts increased mortality. Thus, all domains of care poverty prove to have negative consequences for older people’s health and well-being. These consequences are not restricted to the individual level as care poverty also affects the use of health care and residential long-term care.
Long-Term Care Systems and Care Poverty
Authors: Kröger Teppo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses the relations between care poverty and long-term care systems of different countries. Comparative evidence on care poverty is still very weak, as reliable international datasets that have large enough samples of older respondents with care needs are not available. The few existing Europe-wide studies suggest high rates of care poverty especially in Eastern and Southern European countries, the evidence regarding Southern Europe being less consistent, though. A handful of two-country studies exist, and they support the importance of formal home care provisions in reducing care poverty, and this conclusion is echoed in local and national studies. Well-coordinated and well-resourced universal formal care systems (e.g. Sweden) seem to be the most effective way to eradicate care poverty. On the other hand, American studies show that the Medicaid programme has in the United States played a major role in cutting down care poverty, being targeted at older people who are at the highest risk. In the absence of a universal long-term care system, a targeted system can thus be a good second choice: it will not fully eradicate care poverty, but it can still succeed at substantially alleviating it.
SQLite
Authors: Pawlaszczyk Dirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSQLite is, without doubt, the most widely used database systemworldwide at the moment. The single file database system is used, among other things, in operating systems for cell phones, such as Android, iOS or Symbian OS. On a typical smartphone, we usually find several hundred SQLite databases used by a wide variety of apps. Due to its widespread use, the database format is of particular importance in mobile forensics. It is not uncommon for the suspect to try to cover his tracks by deleting database content. Recovering deleted records from a database presents a special challenge. In this chapter, the on-disk database format of the SQLite database system is highlighted. Therefore,we take a closer look at the database header as well as record structure on a binary level. We first examine the structure of the data. Recovery options for erased records are discussed as well. Special attention is paid to the slack areas within the database: unallocated space, Freelist as well as free blocks. In this context, we discuss basic techniques for carving and acquisition of deleted data artefacts. Despite the main database format and recovery options, temporary file types like write-ahead logs and rollback journals are analyzed as well.
Realm
Authors: Cobley Phil , Geneste Ginger 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this chapter,we explore some of the fundamentals of the Realm database (sometimes referred to as RealmDB or simply Realm). It is widely known within the Digital Forensics discipline that SQLite is the most commonly found database format within any mobile device application and even some desktop applications. Realm is a relatively new database format built as a potential replacement for SQLite, as technology and applications continue to develop and evolve. At the time of writing, it is clear that the database is not as commonly found as some might have expected, but that is not to say the database format will not eventually find its way into many modern apps over the coming years. To that end, we decided to research the database to try and provide some of the details of interest relating to the fundamentals behind the new format.We hope this chapter will help digital forensic examiners and investigators learn and grasp some of the basic concepts of Realm, hoping that any new knowledge and understanding might support and assist in future research into the topic.
Analysis of Poor Visibility Real-World Test Scenarios
Authors: Winkle Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProduct development involving Artificial Intelligence, ethics and legal risks using the example of safe autonomous vehicles involves a number of challenges. These include dealing with complex traffic situations and reliable image recognition under difficult light and weather conditions, such as rain, snow, backlight, wet road surface, spray/splashing water, icing/contamination of windshield/sensors or road markings that are only partially visible. In order to develop and validate automated vehicles with reasonable expenditure, a first area-wide analysis based on 1.28 million police accident reports was conducted including all police reports in Saxony over 10 years concerning bad weather conditions.Based on this large database, 374 accidents were found with regard to perception limitations for the detailed investigation. These traffic scenarios are relevant for automated driving. They will form a key aspect for future development, validation and testing of machine perception including Artificial Intelligence within automated driving functions.
Consulting Concept to Develop New Systems
Authors: Winkle Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe survey in the development departments shows a great need for structured advice during the development process including a strong interest in supporting consulting services. A competent supervision from an independent consultant from outside the respective area is recommended for achieving continuous documentation throughout the development process according to the duty of care. Most respondents would like to have a point of contact or personal contact person, who will always be on hand with competent technical or legal advice and assistance for any questions or problems that arise. In the case of a developer, guidance, sense and purpose for the benefit of the individual developer are primary motivations. This means that a structured guideline will only be used with conviction if it is perceived as an advantage. The author’s experience in connection with the processing of product liability cases lead to the following general questions as a consultant to the development process: 1. How carefully are the tasks of development, production and marketing implemented? 2. What is expected beyond the legal requirements? 3. Will possible damage be avoided or its effect reduced if another design is used? 4. How does the system behave in comparison to the competitors (other car manufacturers)? 5. Were preventive and comprehensible warnings made available to prevent possible damage? A final consulting concept (a checklist of 101 questions in Appendix B) provides guidelines and requirements.
Qualitative Studie zur Stressbewältigung von Pflegekräften
Authors: Klingenberg Ingo 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungAus Kapitel 3 ergibt sich der Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Stressbewältigung von Pflegekräften. Um diesen zu adressieren, wird in diesem Kapitel ein qualitatives Verfahren herangezogen. Die vorliegende Studie orientiert sich an fünf Forschungsfragen, die zunächst hergeleitet und später untersucht werden.
Schlussfolgerungen
Authors: Klingenberg Ingo 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse der konzeptionellen und empirischen Analysen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden im Folgenden zunächst zusammengefasst und reflektiert. Weiterhin findet die Diskussion über die Beiträge statt, die die vorliegende Arbeit für die Wissenschaft liefert (vgl. 7.2). Anschließend werden praktische Implikationen hergeleitet, die sich für Individuum, Organisationen und Gesellschaft ergeben (vgl. 7.3).
Schlussbetrachtungen
Authors: Behnert Christiane 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Erforschung von Kriterien, anhand derer informationssuchende Personen die Relevanz von Dokumenten bewerten, ist Gegenstand vieler – hauptsächlich explorativer – informationswissenschaftlicher Studien. In den bisherigen Studien werden unterschiedliche Begriffe als Einflussparameter auf die Relevanzbewertung verwendet, die keiner einheitlichen Definition folgen und sich auch konzeptuell nicht eindeutig voneinander abgrenzen lassen. Diese Forschungslücke wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit mit der Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage F1a (Wie lassen sich Merkmale, Kriterien und Faktoren als Einflüsse im Prozess der Relevanzbewertung für die Entwicklung eines experimentellen Untersuchungsdesigns definitorisch und konzeptuell voneinander abgrenzen?) und mit der in direktem Zusammenhang stehenden Forschungsfrage F1b (Wie können Kriterien bei der Relevanzbewertung von Suchergebnissen für eine experimentelle Studie operationalisiert werden?) geschlossen.
A note on quiver quantum toroidal algebra
Authors: Noshita Go , Watanabe Akimi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, Li and Yamazaki proposed a new class of infinite-dimensional algebras, quiver Yangian, which generalizes the affine Yangian $$ \mathfrak{gl} $$
gl
1. The characteristic feature of the algebra is the action on BPS states for non-compact toric Calabi-Yau threefolds, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the crystal melting models. These algebras can be bootstrapped from the action on the crystals and have various truncations.In this paper, we propose a q-deformed version of the quiver Yangian, referred to as the quiver quantum toroidal algebra (QQTA). We examine some of the consistency conditions of the algebra. In particular, we show that QQTA is a Hopf superalgebra with a formal super coproduct, like known quantum toroidal algebras. QQTA contains an extra central charge C. When it is trivial (C = 1), QQTA has a representation acting on the three-dimensional crystals, like Li-Yamazaki’s quiver Yangian. While we focus on the toric Calabi-Yau threefolds without compact 4-cycles, our analysis can likely be generalized to all toric Calabi-Yau threefolds.
Dual HDAC–BRD4 inhibitors endowed with antitumor and antihyperalgesic activity
Authors: Maach Soumia , Chiaramonte Niccolò , Borgonetti Vittoria , Sarno Federica , Pierucci Federica , Dei Silvia , Teodori Elisabetta , Altucci Lucia , Meacci Elisabetta , Galeotti Nicoletta , Romanelli Maria Novella 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDAC) are enzymes that regulate the concentration of acetylated histones which, in turns, interact with the bromodomain (BRD) of BET (Bromodomain and Extracellular domain) proteins to affect transcriptional activity. Simultaneous blockade of both epigenetic players has shown synergistic effects in a variety of cancer cell lines. In this paper we report the design, synthesis and activity of new dual inhibitors, obtained by adding a methyltriazole moiety to some HDAC inhibitors carrying a benzodiazepine core, which were previously developed by us. An Alphascreen FRET assay showed that the compounds were able to interact with BRD4-1 and BRD4-2 proteins, with some selectivity for the latter, while the HDAC inhibiting properties were measured by means of an immunoprecipitation assay. The antiproliferative activity was tested on C26 adenocarcinoma, SSMC2 melanoma and SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, both compounds were endowed with antihyperalgesic activity in the mouse Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) model.
Ritz-type projectors with boundary interpolation properties and explicit spline error estimates
Authors: Sande Espen , Manni Carla , Speleers Hendrik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we construct Ritz-type projectors with boundary interpolation properties in finite dimensional subspaces of the usual Sobolev space and we provide a priori error estimates for them. The abstract analysis is exemplified by considering spline spaces and we equip the corresponding error estimates with explicit constants. This complements our results recently obtained for explicit spline error estimates based on the classical Ritz projectors in (Numer Math 144(4):889–929, 2020).
Passive Treatment of Circumneutral Mine Drainage from the St. Louis Mine Tunnel, Rico CO: Part 3—Horizontal Wetlands Treatment Train Pilot Study
Authors: Sobolewski Andre B. , Riese Arthur C. , Moore Terry J. , Brown Anthony R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMine drainage from the St Louis Tunnel (located at the Rico-Argentine Site) is circumneutral most of the year, with spring freshets increasing flow, decreasing pH and increasing metals concentrations. This study was designed to test the performance of a demonstration-scale horizontal wetlands passive treatment train, comprised of a settling basin, surface flow wetland, horizontal-flow anaerobic wetland, aeration channel, and rock drain, during two years of influent water chemistry at a constant 113 L/min (30 gpm) flow rate. Total Zn, Cd, and Mn effluent concentrations met project treatment goals (PTGs) 75, 96.9, and 100% of the time, respectively, and 93.9, 100, and 100% of the time for the dissolved metals. Most PTG exceedances occurred during the freshet events. Most Zn and Cd attenuation was attributed to sulfide precipitation in the anaerobic cell and capture/filtration of suspended ZnS particles in the anaerobic wetland and rock drain. Manganese was attenuated in the aerobic portion of the anaerobic cell (influent transition zone) as Mn oxides and carbonates. Oxidation of Mn occurred in the rock drain as biogenically formed Mn oxides adhered to the rock matrix. Carryover of dissolved sulfides from the anaerobic cell limited the rock drain’s Mn removal efficiency. Low temperatures did not significantly affect biological activity within the system; the effects of seasonal water quality were more important.
Passive Treatment of Circumneutral Mine Drainage from the St. Louis Mine Tunnel, Rico CO: Part 2—Vertical Biotreatment Train Pilot Study
Authors: Dean Daniel M. , Fricke James R. , Riese Arthur C. , Moore Terry J. , Brown Anthony R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis is the second of three papers dealing with metal-bearing circumneutral mine drainage from the inactive Rico-Argentine mine site located at an elevation of ≈ 2740 m (9000 feet) in the San Juan mountain range in southwestern Colorado. This paper evaluates two years of mine drainage treatment using a passive system that included a vertical-flow engineered biotreatment cell. The collapsed St. Louis Tunnel (SLT) discharges circumneutral mine water from several sources that contains elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn. A demonstration-scale 114 L/min (30 gpm) gravity-flow passive treatment system was installed, consisting of a settling basin (utilizing coagulant addition to improve suspended solids settling efficiency), an anaerobic sulfate-reducing bioreactor, and an aeration cascade for effluent polishing. The treatment system generally met target treatment goals for Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb. Nanophase ZnS in system effluent decreased the frequency of meeting total Zn project treatment goals. Unexpectedly high levels of Mn removal were observed in both the anaerobic bioreactor and the aeration cascade. Large seasonal variations in influent metals concentrations and pH present the greatest challenge in managing system performance.
Revisiting the Nordic long-term care model for older people—still equal?
Authors: Rostgaard Tine , Jacobsen Frode , Kröger Teppo , Peterson Elin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the extensive long-term care services for older people, the Nordic countries have been labelled ‘caring states’ as reported (Leira, Welfare state and working mothers: the Scandinavian experience, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992). The emphasis on services and not cash benefits ensures the Nordics a central place in the public service model (Anttonen and Sipilä, J Eur Soc Policy 6:87–100, 1996). The main feature of this ideal model is public social care services, such as home care and residential care services, which can cover the need for personal and medical care, as well as assistance with household chores. These services are provided within a formally and professionally based long-term care system, where the main responsibility for the organization, provision and financing of care traditionally lays with the public sector. According to the principle of universalism (in: Antonnen et al. (eds), Welfare state, universalism and diversity, Elgar, Cheltenham, 2013), access to benefits such as home care and residential care is based on citizenship and need, not contributions nor merit. Also, care services should be made available for all and generally be used by all, with no stigma associated. Vabø and Szebehely (in: Anttonen (ed), Welfare State, universalism and diversity, Edward Elgar Publishing, London, 2012)) further argue that the Nordic service universalism is more than merely issues of eligibility and accessibility, in that it also encompasses whether services are attractive, affordable and flexible in order to meet a diversity of needs and preferences. However, recent decades have seen a continuous tendency towards prioritization of care for the most frail, contributing to unmet need, informalization of care and privatization in the use of topping up with market-based services. These changes have raised questions about increasing inequalities within Nordic long-term care systems. We investigate in the article what effect changes have for equality across social class and gender, for users and informal carers. The article is based on analysis of comparable national and international statistics and a review of national research literature and policy documents.
Solute–Solvent Interactions in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography: Characterization of the Retention in a Silica Column by the Abraham Linear Free Energy Relationship Model
Authors: Cortés Sílvia , Subirats Xavier , Rosés Martí 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Abraham linear free energy relationship model has been used to characterize a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) silica column with acetonitrile/water and methanol/water mobile phases. Analysis by the model for acetonitrile/water mobile phases points to solute volume and hydrogen bond basicity as the main properties affecting retention, whereas solute hydrogen bond acidity, dipolarity and polarizability practically do not affect it. Formation of a cavity is easier in acetonitrile-rich mobile phases than in the aqueous stationary phase, and hence increase of solute volume decreases retention. Conversely, hydrogen bond acidity is stronger in the aqueous stationary phase than in the acetonitrile-rich mobile phase and thus an increase of solute hydrogen bond basicity increases retention. Results are similar for methanol/water mobile phases with the difference that solute hydrogen bond acidity is significant too. Increase in hydrogen bond acidity of the solute decreases retention showing that methanol mobile phases must be better hydrogen bond acceptors than acetonitrile ones, and even than water-rich stationary phases. The results are like the ones obtained in zwitterionic HILIC columns bonded to silica or polymer supports for acetonitrile/water mobile phases, but different for solute hydrogen bond acidity for a polymer bonded zwitterionic column with methanol/water mobile phases, indicating that bonding support plays an important role in HILIC retention. Comparison to RPLC characterized systems confirms the complementarity of HILIC systems to RPLC ones because the main properties affecting retention are the same but with reversed coefficients. The least retained solutes in RPLC are the most retained in HILIC.
Bifurcations analysis in implicit maps through the dynamics of cumulated surface errors in milling
Authors: Kiss Adam K. , Bachrathy Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, we examine the evolution of surface errors during consecutive milling operations. Its description is based on a nonlinear implicit map, which is suitable to investigate the surface quality. It describes the series of consecutive Surface Location Errors (SLE) in roughing operations. As one of the principal results of the paper, bifurcations related to the fixed point of the implicit map are analyzed via normal form theorem. We determined a formula for the criticality of the bifurcation, which allows the approximate computation of the arising period-two solution. The method is demonstrated for the surface error model of milling, and the results are verified by numerical computations. Although the amplitude of the SLE would be negligible, its derivatives has a great influence in the model, which can cause stability problems.
Variable relativity of causation is good
Authors: Parkkinen Veli-Pekka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterventionism is a theory of causation with a pragmatic goal: to define causal concepts that are useful for reasoning about how things could, in principle, be purposely manipulated. In its original presentation, Woodward’s (2003) interventionist definition of causation is relativized to an analyzed variable set. In Woodward (2008), Woodward changes the definition of the most general interventionist notion of cause, contributing cause, so that it is no longer relativized to a variable set. This derelativization of interventionism has not gathered much attention, presumably because it is seen as an unproblematic way to save the intuition that causal relations are objective features of the world. This paper first argues that this move has problematic consequences. Derelativization entails two concepts of unmediated causal relation that are not coextensional, but which nonetheless do not entail different conclusions about manipulability relations within any given variable set. This is in conflict with the pragmatic orientation at the core of interventionism. The paper then considers various approaches for resolving this tension but finds them all wanting. It is concluded that interventionist causation should not be derelativized in the first place. Various considerations are offered rendering that conclusion acceptable.
Not so distinctively mathematical explanations: topology and dynamical systems
Authors: Jha Aditya , Campbell Douglas , Montelle Clemency , Wilson Phillip L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSo-called ‘distinctively mathematical explanations’ (DMEs) are said to explain physical phenomena, not in terms of contingent causal laws, but rather in terms of mathematical necessities that constrain the physical system in question. Lange argues that the existence of four or more equilibrium positions of any double pendulum has a DME. Here we refute both Lange’s claim itself and a strengthened and extended version of the claim that would pertain to any n-tuple pendulum system on the ground that such explanations are actually causal explanations in disguise and their associated modal conditionals are not general enough to explain the said features of such dynamical systems. We argue and show that if circumscribing the antecedent for a necessarily true conditional in such explanations involves making a causal analysis of the problem, then the resulting explanation is not distinctively mathematical or non-causal. Our argument generalises to other dynamical systems that may have purported DMEs analogous to the one proposed by Lange, and even to some other counterfactual accounts of non-causal explanation given by Reutlinger and Rice.