bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Data Sequence for Model Order Reduction in Thermomechanical Modeling of DED Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Keumo Tematio Joël , Ryckelynck David , Bellet Michel , Zhang Yancheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTReduced order modeling (ROM) is applied to the finite element thermo‐mechanical simulation of metal additive manufacturing at part scale. This is a significant challenge because of the continuously evolving computational domain, on which a local reduced basis is required to apply the projection‐based ROM. In this paper, ROM is applied to the mechanical resolution, which is much more time‐consuming than the thermal one. Considering the modeling of DED processes (directed energy deposition), it is proposed to organize the training set of simulation snapshots according to an energy deposition length that represents the progress of the process. The full‐order model consists of a transient thermomechanical model modified by use of the previously developed Inherent Strain Rate method. When applying the projection‐based ROM to this full‐order model, the constructed data sequence enables the design a local ROM depending on the energy deposition length and process parameters. The approach, in its present state, is limited to constructions with a constant transverse geometry and a constant set of process parameters. The simulation of the DED construction of a turbine blade mock‐up, made of thirty layers with interlayer dwell times, revealed a computational speedup of about 100.
National Trends in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Inpatient Sinus Surgery in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Qu Roy W. , Punjabi Nihal , Lao Wilson P. , Seiberling Kristin A. , Church Christopher A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveGiven the recent dramatic changes in medical therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF), this study aims to describe temporal changes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) rates.MethodsNational Inpatient Sample (2004‐2019; weighted estimates for 119,067 pediatric and 202,407 adult patients) was used to analyze adult (age ≥18 years) and pediatric patients with CF with pulmonary manifestations. Comorbid CRS, ESS rates, and extended length of stay (LOS, ≥75th percentile) were analyzed.ResultsThe rate of CRS in both pediatric (14.1% vs 21.1%, P < .001) and adult (16.5% vs 40.9%, P < .001) patients increased. Rate of ESS in pediatric patients with CRS decreased from 25.3% to 3.4% (P < .001). A similar decline occurred in adults with CRS (12.3% vs 3.6%, P < .001). In multivariate analysis from 2015 to 2019, ESS and extended LOS were associated with admission in the Western United States (P < .001). CRS (OR 1.14, P = .002) and ESS (OR 1.78, P = .002) were independent predictors of extended LOS. Elective admission, primary insurance, race, and hospital teaching/location were significantly associated with ESS and extended LOS (P < .05).ConclusionDespite the increased prevalence of CRS in adults and pediatric patients with CF, rates of inpatient ESS have declined from 2004 to 2019. Patient and hospital factors affect undergoing ESS in 2015 to 2019. CRS and ESS are associated with extended LOS in recent years.
Reciprocal contributions: Indigenous perspectives and voices on marine‐coastal experiences in the channels of northern Patagonia, Chile
Authors: Alvarez Ricardo , Caniullán Daniel , Catín Juan , Cheuquenao Pérsida , Coñuecar Yohana , Diestre Florencia , Jara Pedro , Millatureo Nelson , Vargas Darly , Ojeda Jaime 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The recovery of marine ecosystems in areas heavily impacted by fishing and environmental exploitation depends, to some extent, on the sustainable management of resources and should be complemented by cultural traditions, practices and scientific knowledge. These knowledge systems may involve reciprocal actions and interactions between people and coastal environments, which, unfortunately, are often overlooked in government coastal management strategies.

Our study was conducted in the channels and fjords of northern Chilean Patagonia. The life experiences of nine community members, some of whom are co‐authors of this article, involve reciprocal interactions with coastal areas and species. We highlight two customary practices that are important for food sovereignty and the responsible management of marine‐coastal ecosystems. To understand their perspectives on nature, we analysed the ontological and cosmogonic aspects of these practices, their ecological implications and the challenges they currently face.

We present two case studies: (i) the ‘Corralitos de pirenes’ in the Chiloé archipelago, which refers to small stone walls or enclosures built in the intertidal zone to create a suitable habitat for rockfish to spawn. The community consumes a percentage of the fish eggs, and the fish benefit by having a protected spawning site maintained by the locals; (ii) ‘benthic rearrangements,’ a practice carried out by shellfish divers who manually restructure underwater substrates that have been depleted by overexploitation of artisanal fishing. To this end, they manually relocate various species to re‐establish their ecological interactions.

Both cases demonstrate a deep, place‐based ecological knowledge that fosters an understanding of ecosystems and fishing management rooted in the coastal families. These practices have been developed within family and community contexts and are continuously passed down through generations.

These experiences embody a biocultural ethic that must be recognized, valued and expanded upon. Their ecological contributions (e.g. improvement of habitats) and socioecological endeavours (care for the environment) aim to foster biocultural continuity, engaging the elderly, adults and children. These experiences occur in a scenario of socio‐environmental crises where industries, such as salmon farming, generate cultural and ecological impacts that intertwine both in time and within the depths of the sea.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemohormonal Therapy With GnRH Antagonist and Low‐Dose Estramustine in Very High‐Risk Prostate Cancer Undergoing Robotic Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Kambe Takanari , Kubota Masashi , Yamasaki Toshinari , Kawakita Mutsushi , Murata Shiori , Hattori Yuto , Tohi Yoichiro , Sekine Yuya , Kurahashi Ryoma , Shimatani Kimihiro , Sawada Atsuro , Negoro Hiromitsu , Saito Ryoichi , Goto Takayuki , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigh‐risk patients with prostate cancer (PC) frequently experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) after surgery. Thus numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapies for high‐risk PC patients; however, no protocol has been established. This study aimed to assess the effect of androgen deprivation therapy combined with low‐dose estramustine phosphate (EMP) on BCR compared with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone in high‐ and very high‐risk patients with PC.MethodsThis retrospective study targeted patients with PC meeting the National Comprehensive Cancer Network high‐risk criteria (cT1‐4N0M0), with 173 patients in the exposure group who received neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (gonadotropin‐releasing hormone [GnRH] antagonist combined with low‐dose EMP), and 490 patients in the control group treated with and neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) (ADT ± first‐generation anti‐androgens). Data for each group were extracted from a database of patients who underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy at 25 tertiary care centers across Japan between 2011 and 2023. The inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences. The primary outcome was BCR‐free survival, with hazard ratios (HRs) calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model between the high‐risk and very high‐risk groups.ResultsAfter adjustment, the standardized mean difference was < 0.1. The exposure group had 3 and 5‐year BCR‐free survival rates of 82.1% and 74.6%, respectively, compared with 70.8% and 64.4% in the control group (HR: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35–0.88). For high‐risk patients, the rates were 87.1% and 84.2% at both 3 and 5 years in the intervention group and 83.5% and 75.0% in the control group (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.30–1.47). For very high‐risk patients, the 3‐year and 5‐year rates were 75.3% and 65.7% in the intervention group and 57.3% and 53.6% in the control group (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30–0.92).ConclusionsIn patients with very high‐risk PC undergoing robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, a GnRH antagonist and low‐dose EMP yielded better BCR‐free survival outcomes than NHT.
Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Biomarker in Metastatic Hormone‐Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Impact on Survival and Treatment Optimization
Authors: Hacioglu Muhammet Bekir , Kucukarda Ahmet , Gokmen Ivo , Gurbuz Ali Fuat , Araz Murat , Kahvecioglu Fatma Akdag , Hacibekiroglu Ilhan , Akdoğan Orhun , Yazıcı Ozan , Akkus Fatma Aysun , Çelebi Abdussamet , Kostek Osman , Erdogan Bulent 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), reflects the nutritional and immunological status of the patient and has been associated with outcomes in various cancers. In this study, the prognostic significance of PNI in metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) and its potential role in guiding treatment decisions between abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide is investigated.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on 167 mHSPC patients treated between 2019 and 2024. PNI was calculated using the formula: 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (/mm³). Patients were stratified into high and low PNI groups according to a cutoff value of 49.98, determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS), radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS), and PSA progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS), were assessed. Treatment responses to abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide were compared within PNI strata.ResultsPatients with PNI > 49.98 had significantly longer median OS than those with PNI ≤ 49.98 (36.6 months vs. 30.0 months, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified high PNI, ECOG performance status 0–1, and absence of visceral metastasis as independent predictors of improved OS. Among patients with low PNI, those treated with enzalutamide had superior OS compared to those receiving abiraterone acetate (p = 0.004), while no significant OS difference was noted between treatments in the high PNI group (p = 0.55).ConclusionPNI serves as a significant prognostic biomarker in mHSPC, correlating with overall survival and potentially influencing treatment efficacy between abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide. Integrating PNI into clinical practice may aid in tailoring individualized treatment options.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Coordinated Amines Assisted by Metal Ions
Authors: Bera Sachinath 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOxidative dehydrogenation (OD) of amines involves the elimination of two protons and two electrons ─(2H+ + 2e) that results in the transformation of ─CH─NH─ to ─C═N─ moiety. A variety of amines coordinated to the transition metal ion, including iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium, also rare earth metals undergo OD reaction. The reaction occurs mainly under a basic medium in the presence of air/O2, which is a green oxidant. The metal ions play a significant role in the OD reaction. They can participate in redox reactions as an internal oxidant and can also influence the deprotonation of the ─NH function to form an amido intermediate, crucial for the OD reaction of amines. Not only that, the photosensitized metal ion or metal‐stabilized ligand‐centered radical activates O2 to promote OD reaction. This review presents the OD reaction of amines that occurred in air/O2 to explore the role of metal ions and fates of O2. The study reveals that along with the oxidation state of the metal ion, other factors like the redox potential of Mn+/M(n−1)+, the geometry of the complex, the coordination mode of the ligand, substituents on the ligand, co‐ligands, and steric crowding also influence OD. The different spectroscopies, including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which is employed to study the OD reactions, are also interpreted.
A case study of the dynamics and thermodynamics of Cyclone Titli in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Rahman Kh. Hafizur , Taher M. A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) rank among the most destructive atmospheric phenomena. The very severe cyclonic storm Titli formed over the Bay of Bengal on 8 October 2018 and crossed the Indian coast. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model performed reasonably in simulating the intensity of Titli with a 60h lead time. The model accurately represented the spatial distribution of latent heat flux (LHF) and skilfully captured the warm‐core structure. The area‐averaged values of LHF and relative vorticity at different atmospheric levels are calculated. A notable finding is the strong correlation between upper level atmospheric conditions and tropical cyclone intensity.
The mostly BRST exact operator in superstrings
Authors: Kashyap Sitender Pratap 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

A careful gauge fixing of the conformal killing group (CKG) on genus zero surfaces in bosonic string theory gives non-vanishing two point amplitudes that match the corresponding field theory expressions [1, 2]. An important ingredient for gauge fixing two point amplitudes in [2] was the mostly BRST (mBRST) exact operator. The utility of this operator in gauge fixing CKG perhaps is not just limited to two point amplitudes — we can insert a mBRST exact operator to fix a conformal killing vector (CKV) instead of fixing the position of a vertex operator in a general tree level bosonic string amplitude [3, 4].
Using the mBRST exact operator, written in the pure spinor variables, we get the expected two point superstring amplitudes [5]. In this work we explore if it is possible to use this operator for fixing CKG for general tree level amplitudes in superstrings. We find it to be the case by explicitly re-calculating the three gluon amplitude in open strings by making use of this operator. Finally, we show that this operator directly emerges by following a Faddeev-Popov gauge fixing method in bosonic string theory. This derivation is independent of the number of external strings, thus proving the above claim.
Long-Term Results after Early Secondary Repair of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Hansen Iben Onsberg , Due Ulla , Habes Safia , Dynesen Karoline Daniel , Klarskov Niels , Jangö Hanna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction and Hypothesis
The incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is 3.6–6% of women with vaginal deliveries. Complications to OASI are common, and secondary repair is needed in 2.6–3%. Traditionally, secondary repair has been postponed until wound healing, but studies have shown that early secondary repair within 21 days can be safely performed.

Methods
The aim of this cohort study and literature review was to investigate the long-term outcomes after early secondary repair with focus on anal incontinence, quality of life and impact on sexual function with the use of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Bowel (ICIQ-B).

Results
A total of 17 patients underwent early secondary repair after OASI within the study period and 11 answered and returned the long-term follow-up questionnaire. Seven had no postoperative complications, nine had infection and two developed recto-vaginal fistulas that needed subsequent surgical treatment. Median follow-up period was 5 years (2.3–5.7). At long-term, ten women (91%) reported fecal urgency, nine (82%) flatal and liquid incontinence, six (55%) problems with soiling and six (55%) unpredictable bowel accidents. Five women (45%) planned daily activities to accommodate their anal incontinence and three (27%) stayed at home because of anal incontinence. Seven women (64%) reported restrictions in their sexual relations due to anal incontinence.

Conclusions
In conclusion, early secondary repair of OASI in women with severe wound dehiscence involving the anal sphincter may be necessary. However, this group have a high risk of anal incontinence, negative impact on quality of life, and risk of sexual dysfunction at long-term follow-up.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among people living with Sjögren’s: a cross-sectional survey using a modified international CAM questionnaire (I-CAM-Q)
Authors: Flood Michelle , Ní Gabhann-Dromgoole Joan , Tynan Gráinne , Dillon Niamh , Collins Deirdre , Lauder Monika , Sheehy Eileen , Moriarty Frank , Barlow James W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sjögren’s is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse symptomatology, and varying patient satisfaction with management. Patients with chronic conditions are known to be higher users of complementary and alternative (CAM) practices, yet little information regarding extent of such use exists. This paper describes usage of CAM practices among people living with Sjögren’s, encompassing visits to healthcare providers, CAM practitioners, self-administered CAM and self-help practices. We explored both purposes and perceived helpfulness of the various modalities utilised. 296 respondents completed an online survey administered through Sjögren’s Research Ireland in 2023. An adapted form of the International Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire (I-CAM-Q) was utilised as the survey instrument. 88.5% of respondents had a formal diagnosis of Sjögren’s. The majority (93.6%) were female, across all age groups. Over half (52%) of non-retired respondents were at least partially unable to work due to their diagnosis. Over half of all respondents (58.8%) listed at least one concomitant health problem. Most respondents (248, 83.8%) had used some form of CAM within the preceding 12 months. One-in-four had attended a CAM practitioner, most commonly chiropractors (8.4%) or acupuncturists (7.8%). Conventional healthcare and CAM providers were both consulted more commonly for management of chronic conditions or for well-being than for acute symptom management, although this was particularly stark for CAM consultations. 196 respondents (66.2%) reported use of self-administered CAM, predominantly vitamins/minerals or dietary supplements. 69.9% used various self-care practices, with the most reported being meditation, relaxation techniques and prayer. People living with Sjögren’s attend both conventional healthcare providers and CAM practitioners to a high degree and use a diverse range of complementary therapies and practices. Health care professionals need to consider and discuss potential CAM use by this patient cohort and offer evidence-based patient education about therapies and practices encountered.
Cerebellar hemorrhages in very preterm infants: presence, involvement of the dentate nucleus, and cerebellar hypoplasia are associated with adverse cognitive outcomes
Authors: Drommelschmidt Karla , Mayrhofer Thomas , Foldyna Borek , Müller Hanna , Raudzus Janika , Göricke Sophia L. , Schweiger Bernd , Sirin Selma 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Impaired cognition is a frequent complication of prematurity, closely related to patients’ outcomes. Imaging features of cerebellar hemorrhages (CBH) related to impaired cognition are not well studied. This study evaluated the relationship between cMRI-derived CBH characteristics and clinical risk factors for adverse cognition.

Methods
Our analysis is threefold: (1) We included very preterm infants (2009–2018) undergoing cMRI, and compared clinical and cMRI findings between infants with and without CBH. (2) In the CBH cohort, we associated clinical and imaging findings with cognitive outcomes (Bayley Score of Infant Development at two years corrected age, impaired outcomes: < 85) using uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses. (3) We conducted a matched pair case-control analysis (CBH vs. no CBH) matching for gestational age (GA) and supratentorial injury.

Results
Among the 507 infants (52% male; mean GA 26.8 ± 2.7 weeks), 53 (10.5%) presented with CBH. Cognition was impaired in those with CBH (case-control: 88 (IQR: 75–110) vs. 105 (IQR: 90–112), p < 0.001), even in those with CBH < 5 mm (case-control: 95 (IQR: 77.5–115) vs. 105 (IQR: 91–113), p = 0.037). In infants with CBH, red-blood-cell-transfusion requirement (odds ratio (OR) 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01–1.72, p = 0.037), dentate nucleus involvement (OR 17.61, 95% CI: 1.83–169.83, p = 0.013) and moderate-to-severe cerebellar hypoplasia (OR 26.41, 95% CI: 1.11–626.21, p = 0.043) were independent predictors of impaired cognition. Adding dentate nucleus involvement to cerebellar hypoplasia increased the discriminatory capacity (AUC 0.85 vs. 0.71, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
CBH (even < 5 mm) impact cognitive outcomes of very preterm infants, underlining the cerebellum’s importance for cognition. In infants with CBH, involvement of the dentate nucleus and moderate-to-severe cerebellar hypoplasia are independent structural risk factors for impaired cognition.

Key Points

Question

The cerebellum is important for cognition. Cerebellar hemorrhages are common in preterm infants, but the imaging features related to impaired cognition are not well studied.

Findings

Even small cerebellar hemorrhages affected cognition. Involvement of the dentate nucleus and moderate-to-severe cerebellar hypoplasia were identified as new structural risk factors for adverse cognition.

Clinical relevance

Cerebral MRI enables precise diagnosis of cerebellar hemorrhages and the detection of structural risk factors for adverse cognition like dentate nucleus involvement and cerebellar moderate-to-severe hypoplasia. This knowledge facilitates risk estimation, structured follow-up, and interventions after prematurity.
Internal solitary wave generation using a jet-array wavemaker
Authors: Chu Jen-Ping , Lynett Patrick , Luhar Mitul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper evaluates the experimental generation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in a miscible two-layer system with a free surface using a jet-array wavemaker (JAW). Unlike traditional gate-release experiments, the JAW system generates ISWs by forcing a prescribed vertical distribution of mass flux. Experiments examine three different layer-depth ratios, with ISW amplitudes up to the maximum allowed by the extended Korteweg-de Vries (eKdV) solution. Phase speeds and wave profiles are captured via planar laser-induced fluorescence and the velocity field is measured synchronously using particle imaging velocimetry. Measured properties are directly compared with the eKdV predictions. As expected, small- and intermediate-amplitude waves match well with the corresponding eKdV solutions, with errors in amplitude and phase speed below 10%. For large waves with amplitudes approaching the maximum allowed by the eKdV solution, the phase speed and the velocity profiles resemble the eKdV solution while the wave profiles are distorted following the trough. This can potentially be attributed to Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities forming at the pycnocline. Larger errors are generally observed when the local Richardson number at the JAW inlet exceeds the threshold for instability.