bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury to City Plants from Industrial Emissions of Herbicides1
Authors: Lanphear F. O. , Soule Oscar H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Injury typical of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T was observed in a large area of St. Louis in the spring of 1969. Screening of chemicals from a local manufacturer of these herbicides revealed that at least 7 chemicals involved in the production of these herbicides produce symptoms similar to those observed in the field. Injury occurred from aqueous concn as low as 1 ppm as well as from vapors of the isobutyl ester of 2,4-D. The uniqueness of plant injury due to industrial emissions of herbicides demonstrates the need for using biological parameters in assessing air quality.
Differential Susceptibility of Sweet Corn Hybrids to Field Injury by Air Pollution1
Authors: Cameron J. W. , Johnson Hunter , Taylor O. C. , Otto H. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Marked differential injury by air pollution to a group of sweet corn hybrids in 2 experimental field plantings in the Los Angeles Basin occurred in 1969. At Riverside, leaf damage ranged from nearly zero in 11 hybrids to slight to severe in 23 others. Damage was clearly related to cultivar and was associated with periods of high oxidant levels and high maximum temperatures. There was only a slight relationship between the market maturity date of a cultivar and its degree of damage.
Rusty-Brown Discoloration, a Serious Market Disorder of Western Winter Head Lettuce1
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Porter F. M. , Kaufman J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A serious market disorder of California and Arizona crisp-head lettuce is described and named “rusty-brown discoloration.” The disorder occurs in lettuce marketed during January-April, with a pronounced maximum in February. Losses on the New York market have increased steadily in recent years and were particularly severe in 1969. In February 1969, 90% of all western lettuce shipments inspected on the market were commercially damaged. Studies made with freshly harvested, air-shipped lettuce showed that the disorder increased markedly during 7-10 days’ storage at refrigerated temperatures. There was less rusty-brown discoloration development at 45° and 50° than at temperatures below 40°F. The cause of the disorder is not known.
Inheritance of Mottle-Leaf in Cucurbita moschata Poir.1
Authors: Coyne Dermot P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Segregation in squash (Cucurbita moschata Poir.) crosses between a ‘Crookneck Butternut’ selection (green-leaf) × ‘Golden Cushaw’ (mottle-leaf) and ‘New Hampshire Butternut’ (green-leaf) × ‘Hercules’ (mottle-leaf) indicated that the mottle-leaf trait was primarily controlled by an incompletely dominant gene (M).
Effects of Plant Population and Pattern on Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in Single Harvest1
Authors: Palevitch Dan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of plant population density and arrangement on the yield of broccoli cv. ‘Spartan Early’ in a single destructive harvest. Higher yields were obtained by increasing the plant population density, especially through the use of spacings approaching equidistant arrangements.
Thiabendazole and Benomyl for the Control of Postharvest Decay of Apples1
Authors: Cargo C. A. , Dewey D. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postharvest treatment with thiabendazole (TBZ) or benomyl reduced the incidence of soft rot or blue mold disease caused by Penicillium expansum Thorn in ‘Mcintosh’ apple fruits. Both materials were significantly effective during cold storage or simulated marketing tests in which the apples were artificially punctured and then dipped in solutions containing rot inoculum and the chemical. All concentrations tested, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm TBZ and 75, 140, and 300 ppm benomyl, yielded rot control without affecting the respiratory activity of the apples.
Brown Tip of Gladiolus Induced by Applications of Fertilizer Materials1
Authors: Jenkins J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Exposing gladiolus plants to ozone in a closed chamber, to strong winds produced by fans, or to leaf mutilation at the base did not result in any serious leaf injury. Sodium nitrate or potassium chloride applied on exposed roots caused the development of necrotic leaf tips. Superphosphate dusted lightly on the leaves caused severe brown tip.
Effects of 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid Treatment at Various Stages of Cucumber Development1
Authors: Lower R. L. , Miller C. H. , Baker F. H. , McCombs C. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aqueous solutions of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel) at concn of 120 ppm were applied twice at 48 hr intervals to monoecious cucumber plants having either 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 true leaves. Slight checks in plant growth were noted at treatments through the 6th leaf. Plants treated at either the 8th, 10th, or 12th leaf were severely checked in growth and pistillate flowers open at time of treatment and developing floral primordia aborted within a week; however, all treated plants recovered and flowering resumed 15-18 days after treatment. Ethrel treatment, regardless of time of application, resulted in increased no. of pistillate flowers, concentrated pistillate flower production, and a significant reduction in the no. of staminate flowers.
Evaluation of Pickles from Cucumber Plants1 Treated with 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid
Authors: Miller C. H. , Lower R. L. , Fleming H. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cucumbers from plants of a gynoecious cultivar treated with 0, 240, or 480 ppm 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel)were made into fresh-pack pickles and brine stock and evaluated by experienced judges. Fruit from Ethrel-treated plants were shorter than those from untreated plants. Otherwise there were no significant differences in appearance, flavor, texture, firmness, bloater formation, or acceptability of the processed product.
A Further Note on Longevity of Strawberry Seed in Cold Storage1
Authors: Scott D. H. , Draper A. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a germination test with strawberry seed of different ages stored at 40°F, 23-year-old seed germinated as well as 1-year-old seed. Germination was relatively high for all of the seed lots, despite differences in age.
An Economic Evaluation of Bulk Transport Handling of Tomatoes for Processing1
Authors: Sullivan G. H. , Uyeshiro R. Y. , Wilcox G. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Traditional methods of bulk handling mechanically harvested tomatoes in pallet bins were compared with handling in bulk trailer units. Substantially greater cost reduction resulted from the bulk trailer system; costs per ton to handle and transport mechanically harvested tomatoes in pallet bins averaged $4.59 compared to $1.86 under the bulk trailer system. Additional savings were realized from utilization of the equipment in the bulk trailer system with more than 1 mechanical harvesting unit.
Asparagus Tetraploids from Callus Tissue1
Authors: Malnassy Phillip , Howard Ellison J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ploidy levels were studied of asparagus plants propagated by rooted cuttings and callus tissue culture. A shift to the tetraploid condition was observed in the majority of plants derived via the callus tissue culture method and in rooted cuttings which developed callus as they rooted. Rooted cuttings without callus remained diploid. Meiotic abnormalities and low fertility were observed in the tetraploids.
Relation of Temperature and Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide on Berry Set in the ‘Concord’ Grape1
Authors: Tukey Loren D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The no. of berries on primary and secondary clusters of ‘Concord’ grape vines was significantly increased by succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) at each temperature exposure in field growth chambers: natural (average day 71° F, night 53°) 51%; warm (day 80°, night 55°-60°) 61%; and hot (day 90°, night 65°-70°) 29%. The SADH treatment also caused a significant reduction in cluster length when compared to the non-treated vine-half at each temperature exposure. The smallest berries were found on the SADH treated half of each vine, and the shortest length of clusters on the vine in the hot condition.
The Effects of Growth Retardants and Temperature on the Growth and Flowering of Poinsettia cvs. ‘Annette Hegg’ and ‘Eckespoint C-l’1
Authors: Love Joseph W. , Larson Roy A. , Hilliard Bobby G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two poinsettia cultivars, ‘Annette Hegg’ and ‘Eckespoint C-l’ were grown at 60° and 65°F night temperatures, and subjected to growth retardant treatments. 2-ChloroethyI trimethyl ammonium chloride (CCC) soil drenches resulted in the shortest plants, but effective height control was achieved with combination spray applications of CCC and succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH), or CCC and N-pyrrolidinosuccinamic acid (F 529) applied once, or 2 foliar applications of CCC applied 3 weeks apart. Date of flowering was not appreciably affected by the growth retardants, but was affected by temperature. Flowering was accelerated at the warmer temperature, but plant heights and bract diam were similar at both temperatures.
A Clustering Technique Applied to Sweetpotato Incompatibility Classification1
Authors: Martin Franklin W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sweetpotato cultivars both as males and as females were classified into groups of related individuals on the basis of an index of similarity (correlation coefficients based on pollen tubes per stigma data). By gradually lowering the criterion of similarity the majority of the varieties were classified into one large group. At no stage of the process were inter-compatible, intra-incompatible groups found. A few cultivars, either as male or female, did not fit into the large group, and were also not clearly related to each other. Thus, this technique, as well as previous techniques, demonstrates the difficulty of incompatibility classification in sweetpotato, and the resultant lack of predictability of crossing ability.
Regulation of Sex Expression and Seed Development in Grapes with 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid1
Authors: Kender Walter J. , Remaily George 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel)2, applied to grapevines as an aqueous spray at 100, 200, or 400 ppm, induced hard seed formation in 6 of 13 seedless cultivars studied. Viable seeds were produced in 2 of these cultivars.
Ethrel also promoted femaleness in the staminate flowers of the SO4 rootstock, resulting in fruit and hard seeds in this normally fruitless cultivar.
Evaluation of the sleep hygiene index and physical activity states of the elderly living in nursing homes
Authors: Belice Tahir , Bölükbaşı Selman , Mandıracıoğlu Aliye , Konan Murat 
Published: September 2022

The aim: the sleep quality and physical performance play a vital role in older adults’ well-being to maintain good overall health. Therefore, the parameters that have a role in sleep and physical capacity are crucial to achieve a healthy aging outcome. In this study, we aimed at comparing the quality of sleep and physical activity state of the elderly living in 5 nursing homes.
Methods: the 181 elderly individuals living in 5 nursing homes were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity, sleep hygiene index and demographics were analysed using SPPS 23.0.
Results: overall, 68.5 % of the participants were male, and 31.5 % were female. There was no significant correlation between the sleep hygiene scores and physical activity states (p >0.05). Those who were divorced, those who were on at least one type of medication, those who smoked and those with poor perception of health had statistically significant difference in terms of the Sleep Hygiene Index (p<0.05).
Conclusion: other than findings of the presented study that influence sleep and physical activity, the many other factors in different geographical areas or cultures could be a reason that is interrelated with sleep quality and physical performance of older adults. In this study, for primary care and family physicians to boost the sleep quality of the elderly, we recommend improving their health perception, quitting smoking, discontinuing unnecessary medications, and increasing their social interactions
Thermal equation of state of Fe3O4 magnetite up to 16 GPa and 1100 K
Authors: Siersch Nicki C. , Criniti Giacomo , Kurnosov Alexander , Glazyrin Konstantin , Antonangeli Daniele 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fe3O4 magnetite is an important mineral commonly found in various geological settings, including the planet Mars, whose thermoelastic properties at high pressure and temperature are still poorly constrained. We performed X-ray diffraction measurements on natural magnetite using resistive-heated diamond-anvil cells up to 16 GPa and 1100 K. We fitted a thermal equation of state (EoS) to the collected data resulting in K0 = 182(1) GPa, K0′ = 4, θD = 660 K, γ = 1.8(1), and q = 2.7. Moreover, it was possible to explore the structural evolution of magnetite in detail using single-crystal measurements. Over the studied pressure and temperature range, we found no evidence of a transformation from an inverse to a normal spinel structure. The EoS parameters obtained in this study will be implemented into currently available databases for self-consistent thermodynamic modeling. In particular, our results are used to model and compare the sound wave velocities of a magnetite-bearing and magnetite-free martian upper mantle assemblage. We observe that the incorporation of magnetite reduces the sound wave velocities; however, the magnitude of the effect is below the current seismic detection limit of the InSight mission on Mars at the low abundance of magnetite expected in the martian mantle.
Wsparcie turystyki w dobie pandemii COVID-19 Przegląd wybranych działań podejmowanych przez lokalne organizacje turystyczne
Authors: Borzyszkowski Jacek 
Published: September 2022

Celem opracowania jest przegląd praktyk i działań podejmowanych przez lokalne organizacje turystyczne (LOT) na rzecz wspierania turystyki w dobie pandemii COVID-19, a tym samym przedsięwzięć ograniczających skutki tego kryzysu. W artykule wykorzystano pozycje literatury naukowej (problem wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na sektor turystyki oraz istota lokalnych organizacji turystycznych) oraz źródła internetowe (informacje nt. wybranych działań badanych organizacji na rzecz ograniczania skutków pandemii COVID-19). Artykuł został podzielony na dwie główne części. W pierwszej, mającej charakter wprowadzający, przedstawiono istotę lokalnych organizacji turystycznych, wraz z omówieniem ich podstawowych celów i zadań. Jednocześnie ukazano specyfikę systemu organizacji turystyki w Polsce, bazującego na trójstopniowym podziale. Druga, zasadnicza część, zawiera przegląd działań na rzecz ograniczania skutków kryzysu. Wykazano, że przedsięwzięcia te miały charakter dość zróżnicowany, chociaż można wyróżnić kilka dominujących sfer, charakterystycznych dla LOT, tj. działania informacyjne, promujące i propagujące akcje i przedsięwzięcia podejmowane przez podmioty zewnętrzne. Pandemia COVID-19 wpłynęła również na intensyfikację współpracy pomiędzy lokalnymi organizacjami turystycznymi. Podjęta w opracowaniu tematyka jest istotna z punktu widzenia możliwości ograniczania skutków sytuacji kryzysowych w sektorze turystyki. Przedstawione działania można traktować jako pewnego rodzaju wskazówki oraz „dobre praktyki” w zakresie wspierania struktur organizacyjnych. Tym samym można postrzegać je jako ewentualne narzędzia możliwe do wdrożenia przez inne podmioty w przypadku wystąpienia określonych sytuacji kryzysowych. Mimo przeglądowego charakteru artykułu, opracowanie zawiera syntetyczny obraz najważniejszych przedsięwzięć podejmowanych przez badane podmioty. Słowa kluczowe: pandemia COVID-19, lokalne organizacje turystyczne
Mining the Gems of a Web-Based Mindfulness Intervention: Qualitative Analysis of Factors Aiding Completion and Implementation
Authors: Yadav Muskan , Neate Sandra , Hassed Craig , Chambers Richard , Connaughton Sherelle , Nag Nupur 
Published: September 2022

Background
Digital health interventions provide a cost effective and accessible means for positive behavior change. However, high participant attrition is common and facilitators for implementation of behaviors are not well understood.

Objective
The goal of the research was to identify elements of a digital mindfulness course that aided in course completion and implementation of teachings.

Methods
Inductive thematic analysis was used to assess participant comments regarding positive aspects of the online mindfulness course Mindfulness for Well-being and Peak Performance. Participants were aged 18 years and older who had self-selected to register and voluntarily completed at least 90% the course. The course comprised educator-guided lessons and discussion forums for participant reflection and feedback. Participant comments from the final discussion forum were analyzed to identify common themes pertaining to elements of the course that aided in course completion and implementation of teachings.

Results
Of 3355 course completers, 283 participants provided comments related to the research question. Key themes were (1) benefits from the virtual community, (2) appeal of content, (3) enablers to participation and implementation, and (4) benefits noted in oneself. Of subthemes identified, some, such as community support, variety of easily implementable content, and free content access, align with that reported previously in the literature, while other subthemes, including growing together, repeating the course, evidence-based teaching, and immediate benefits on physical and mental well-being, were novel findings.

Conclusions
Themes identified as key elements for aiding participant completion of a mindfulness digital health intervention and the implementation of teachings may inform the effective design of future digital health interventions to drive positive health behaviors. Future research should focus on understanding motivations for participation, identification of effective methods for participant retention, and behavior change techniques to motivate long-term adherence to healthy behaviors.
The Effects of Acute Virtual Reality Exergaming on Mood and Executive Function: Exploratory Crossover Trial
Authors: Ochi Genta , Kuwamizu Ryuta , Fujimoto Tomomi , Ikarashi Koyuki , Yamashiro Koya , Sato Daisuke 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundVirtual reality (VR) exergaming is a new intervention strategy to help humans engage in physical activity to enhance mood. VR exergaming may improve both mood and executive function by acting on the prefrontal cortex, expanding the potential benefits. However, the impact of VR exergaming on executive function has not been fully investigated, and associated intervention strategies have not yet been established.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of 10 minutes of VR exergaming on mood and executive function.MethodsA total of 12 participants played the exergame “FitXR” under 3 conditions: (1) a VR exergame condition (ie, exercise with a head-mounted display condition [VR-EX]) in which they played using a head-mounted display, (2) playing the exergame in front of a flat display (2D-EX), and (3) a resting condition in which they sat in a chair. The color-word Stroop task (CWST), which assesses executive function; the short form of the Profile of Mood States second edition (POMS2); and the short form of the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale (TDMS), which assess mood, were administered before and after the exercise or rest conditions.ResultsThe VR-EX condition increased the POMS2 vigor activity score (rest and VR-EX: t11=3.69, P=.003) as well as the TDMS arousal (rest vs 2D-EX: t11=5.34, P<.001; rest vs VR-EX: t11=5.99, P<.001; 2D-EX vs VR-EX: t11=3.02, P=.01) and vitality scores (rest vs 2D-EX: t11=3.74, P=.007; rest vs VR-EX: t11=4.84, P=.002; 2D-EX vs VR-EX: t11=3.53, P=.006), suggesting that VR exergaming enhanced mood. Conversely, there was no effect on CWST performance in either the 2D-EX or VR-EX conditions. Interestingly, the VR-EX condition showed a significant positive correlation between changes in CWST arousal and reaction time (r=0.58, P=.046). This suggests that the effect of exergaming on improving executive function may disappear under an excessively increased arousal level in VR exergaming.ConclusionsOur findings showed that 10 minutes of VR exergaming enhanced mood but did not affect executive function. This suggests that some VR content may increase cognitive demands, leading to psychological fatigue and cognitive decline as an individual approaches the limits of available attentional capacity. Future research must examine the combination of exercise and VR that enhances both brain function and mood.
Assessing the Factors That Influence Medical Students’ Attitudes Toward Working With Medically Underserved Populations
Authors: Herrera Ashley , Johnson Courtney , Anasi Chelsea , Cai Casey Ruoying , Raman Shivani , Rossopoulos Thanos , Cantu Katherine , Strenth Chance , Day Philip G. , Gimpel Nora 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The needs of medically-underserved populations (MUPs) are consistently outpacing the number of physicians caring for them. Medical students’ motivations toward working with MUPs consistently decline as they progress through medical school. Given the shortage of doctors caring for MUPs, the objective of our study was to further investigate factors that influence medical students’ motivation to work with MUPs while they progress through their education. By identifying these elements, we hope to recommend identified factors within medical education that support the development of more physicians who care for MUPs.
Methods: This cross-sectional study is an assessment of medical students at the University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School (UTSW). The study utilized the Medical Student Attitudes Toward the Underserved (MSATU), a validated survey that assesses medical student motivations toward the provision of medical care to MUPs. Surveys were administered at three time points selected to represent key transition points in medical education.
Results: There was no significant difference between MSATU scores among the three time points. MSATU scores were higher among students who identified as female, had higher empathy, had higher value placed on teamwork, and had higher community-centeredness. MSATU scores were also higher among students planning to specialize in primary care compared to students planning to specialize in a non-primary care field (P=.239).
Conclusion: This study identifies factors associated with high MSATU scores within UTSW medical education, including female identification, higher empathy score, higher emphasis on teamwork, higher community-centeredness, and plans to practice primary care. Additionally, the results support maintenance of MSATU scores across all three time points. Future research should examine individual-level data to determine whether individual students are maintaining their MSATU scores or if individual fluctuations are neutralized by group changes.