bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An acute gastroenteritis outbreak associated with a contaminated water supply system, Turkey, 2018
Authors: Özgüler Zeynep Özge , Priyakanta Nayak , Coban Serap Cetin , Sezerol Mehmet Akif , Shaikh Irshad Ali , Temel Fehminaz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Disruption of routine monitorization and chlorination of the water supply system during a week-long holiday led to a multi-organism gastroenteritis outbreak in a district with limited laboratory support. More than a 10-fold increase in patients with gastroenteritis was reported. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Enteroaggregative E. coli, and norovirus were detected in human specimen samples. The main water tank and pipes were rusted; 13 out of the 19 water samples tested positive for total Coliform (1–920 colony-forming units (CFU)/100 ml) and E. coli (1–720 CFU/100 ml). Chlorine levels were below 0.2 ppm in seven of the nine samples. Information of 1,815 cases was obtained from the hospital records with a crude attack rate of 2.9%. Cases widespread in the district increased throughout the holiday, epidemic curve revealed a point-source outbreak. The case–control study revealed that consumption of drinking tap water and using it to clean vegetables/fruits were significantly associated with the illness. While drinking only bottled water had a protective effect against the illness. The culture technique showed that the water supply samples were positive for pathogenic bacteria. Upon decision in a multi-stakeholder meeting, the water tank was cleaned, and the Municipality initiated the renovation of the water supply system.
In Silico Screening of Some Anti-Cancer Drugs Against the Main Protease of COVID-19 Using Molecular Docking
Authors: Ramazani Ali , Ouni Leila 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to major worldwide health concerns. Design and detection of effective drugs and adjuvant therapies to treat COVID-19 disease in the shortest possible time have become one of the most critical global challenges. In this study, we investigated the effect of some anticancer drugs against the COVID-19 main protease (Mpro/3CLpro) to detect an effective treatment, using a molecular docking approach as a fast and cost-effective method. Accordingly, 44 anticancer drugs were selected as a target for the virtual screening. The molecular docking study was carried out using AutoDock Tools (ADT), AutoDock Vina, Discovery Studio, and Open Babel software. Tucatinib, selinexor, irinotecan, olaparib, dacomitinib, lapatinib, ibrutinib, and pazopanib were ranked top as COVID-19 inhibitors with the respective binding energy of -10.1, -9.4, -9.2, -8.9, -8.7, -8.7, -8.6, and -8.5 kcal/mol. Among the drugs tested, tucatinib displayed the highest binding affinity and strong interactions with the active site of COVID-19 3CLpro (-10.1 kcal/mol). Pharmacokinetics properties and drug-likeness of the top 8 selected anticancer drugs were evaluated. The results showed that these drugs could be utilized as potential inhibitors against the main protease of COVID-19, which can help control the spread of this disease. However, in vitro, in vivo studies, and clinical trials will help evaluate the efficacy of these drugs against COVID-19.
Fluoropropanoic Acid Compound Revealed as Novel Macrophage Migration
Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Inhibitor through Virtual Screening and Molecular
Dynamics (MD) Simulation
Authors: Turjya Rafeed Rahman , Khan Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran , Khademul Islam Abul Bashar Mir Md. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF), a cytokine that signals for inflammatory
response, has been implicated in multiple inflammatory disorders, including RA. Inhibition of
MIF activity by anti-MIF inhibitors can lead to improved prognosis and increased quality of life. Development
of a medically viable MIF inhibitor has been pursued without success, and no inhibitor that binds
to MIF active site has been approved as a drug. Current treatments of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), an
inflammatory disorder driven by an autoimmune response, target pain management and control of progression,
but the risk of toxicity and increased side effects lead to limited success.

Methods:
Our goal was to search for drug-like lead compounds that bind more potently to MIF active
sites than current inhibitors. We selected ten classes of chemical compounds that have previously shown
in vitro MIF inhibitory activity and screened ~47,000 compounds belonging to these classes through virtual
docking, alongside ~900,000 compounds from ZINC and TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) databases.
The ligands with the higher energy of binding than current inhibitors were analyzed for ADMET
profiles and drug-likeness properties.

Results:
In total, 75 ligands showed binding energies higher than the threshold of -7.5 kcal/mol, and 5
lead compounds were identified with suitable pharmacokinetic profiles and drug-like characteristics.
Among them, molecular dynamics simulation showed a stable ligand-protein complex for 3-[3-fluoro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] propanoic acid.

Conclusion:
With the identification of this lead compound, new opportunities can be sought in the pursuit
of a novel treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
HLA-DRB1 Polymorphisms and Rheumatologic Manifestations in Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Ferrasi Adriana Camargo , Medolago Natália Bronzatto , da Rocha Oswaldo Melo , de Moura Campos Pardini Maria Inês , Tommasini Grotto Rejane Maria , Silva Giovanni Faria 
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims:
Hepatitis C has been associated with rheumatologic manifestations
(HCV-related RM). Clinically, HCV-related RM may be indistinguishable from the symptoms that
occur in diffuse connective tissue diseases (DCTD-related RM), making the differential diagnosis
difficult. Host genetic factors, such as the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) polymorphisms were
associated with HCV infection, however, there are no studies that discriminate between HCVrelated
RM and DCTD-related RM. This study focused on verifying associations between HLADRB1
and RM in patients with chronic hepatitis C, aiming to distinguish between DCTD-related
RM and HCV-related RM.

Methods:
The participants were 152 individuals, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 80 years, and
affected by chronic hepatitis C. The patients underwent rheumatologic physical examination and
HLA-class II (HLA-DRB1) typing was performed by PCR-SSO (Polymerase Chain Reactionsequence
Specific Oligonucleotides).

Results:
A significant number of patients with rheumatologic complaints (73%) not attributed to
other causes was observed. DRB1*08 allele seems to confer protection against RM in chronic hepatitis
C. There is no susceptibility association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and RM.

Conclusions:
The absence of association between HLA-DRB1 and the rheumatologic manifestations
studied suggests that the pathophysiological pathways of DCTD-related RM and HCV-related RM
are distinct.
The Effect of Hyperemesis Gravidarum on Acceptance of Pregnancy and
Quality of Life: A Comparative Study
Authors: Tahta Tuğba , Yilmaz Figen ALP 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
This study was conducted to determine the effect of hyperemesis gravidarum diagnosis in pregnant women on their acceptance of pregnancy and quality of life.

Methods:
This case-control study was conducted with 375 pregnancy 175 diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum [case group], 200 pregnant women with healthy pregnancy [control group], between July 2018 and February 2019, in Turkey. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire Brief Version was used to ascertain quality of life and to determine adaptation to pregnancy, the “Prenatal Self-Evaluation Scale” was applied. Only the “Acceptance of Pregnancy” subdimensions were included in the study.

Results:
Pregnancy acceptance was found to be significantly lower in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum than in healthy pregnant women. The quality of life levels of the pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum were found to be lower than those in the healthy pregnant women.

Conclusion:
Quality of life is affected by hyperemesis gravidarum. In addition, low quality of life and hyperemesis gravidarum negatively affect the acceptance of pregnancy. This result highlights the fact that healthcare professionals should develop a strategy to improve the quality of life of women with hyperemesis and help them to accept their pregnancy.
Structural and Colloid Effects of Interaction between Shungite Carbon Nanoparticles and Linoleic Fatty Acid
Authors: Goryunov А. S. , Borisova А. G. , Rozhkov S. S. , Rozhkova N. N. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The effect of bionanointeractions on graphene-biomolecule nanohybrids
is of great interest, since external influences on their structural and surface properties can
significantly affect their biological activity.

Introduction:
The effects of the fatty acid binding with shungite carbon (ShC) nanoparticles on
the stability of aqueous dispersions of ShC and the oxidation state of ShC (oxygen-containing
groups) were studied using linoleic acid (LA) as an example.

Method:
The size and surface charge (ζ -potential) of the ShC-LA associates formed at various
LA concentrations in the dispersion were estimated using the dynamic light scattering method
and the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of dispersions were taken.

Result:
The negative ShC charge becomes less negative upon LA binding, depending on LA
concentration. The size of ShC upon functionalization by LA molecules does not depend on LA
concentration, suggesting the predominance of surface rearrangement of NPs, rather than a
change in their global structure. ShC - LA interaction is accompanied by an increase in absorption
in the UV spectrum region of conjugated С=С bonds, the reduction of С=О groups, sp2 hybridization
and bonds in the plane of graphene fragments, the basic structural units of ShC.

Conclusion:
The results are interpreted in terms of the surface structural effects of LA on ShC
that affect variations of the colloid and redox characteristics of ShC in aqueous dispersion.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Gut Brain Axis: The Disruption of an Alliance
Authors: Ferrara Michela , Bertozzi Giuseppe , Zanza Christian , Longhitano Yaroslava , Piccolella Fabio , Lauritano Cristiano Ernesto , Volonnino Gianpietro , Manetti Alice Chiara , Maiese Aniello , La Russa Raffaele 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be considered a "silent epidemic", causing
morbidity, disability, and mortality in all age cohorts. Therefore, a greater understanding of the underlying
pathophysiological intricate mechanisms and interactions with other organs and systems is
necessary to intervene not only in the treatment but also in the prevention of complications. In this
complex of reciprocal interactions, the complex brain-gut axis has captured a growing interest.

Aim:
The purpose of this manuscript is to examine and systematize existing evidence regarding the
pathophysiological processes that occur following TBI and the influences exerted on these by the
brain-gut axis.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA methodology.
On the 8th of October 2021, two independent databases were searched: PubMed and Scopus. Following
the inclusion and exclusion criteria selected, 24 (12 from PubMed and 12 from Scopus) eligible
manuscripts were included in the present review. Moreover, references from the selected articles
were also updated following the criteria mentioned above, yielding 91 included manuscripts.

Results:
Published evidence suggests that the brain and gut are mutually influenced through four
main pathways: microbiota, inflammatory, nervous, and endocrine.

Conclusion:
These pathways are bidirectional and interact with each other. However, the studies
conducted so far mainly involve animals. An autopsy methodological approach to corpses affected by
traumatic brain injury or intestinal pathology could represent the keystone for future studies to clarify
the complex pathophysiological processes underlying the interaction between these two main systems.
The Role of m6A in Osteoporosis and the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Osteoblasts and Adipocytes
Authors: Zhang Weifei , Tao Ke Tao , Lin Jianjing , Liu Peng , Guan Zhiping , Deng Jiapeng , Wang Deli , Zeng Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:Osteoporosis is a systemic disease in which bone mass decreases, leading to an increased risk of bone fragility and fracture. The occurrence of osteoporosis is believed to be related to the disruption of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes. N6-adenylate methylation (m6A) modification is the most common type of chemical RNA modification and refers to a methylation modification formed by the nitrogen atom at position 6 of adenine (A), which is catalyzed by a methyltransferase. The main roles of m6A are the post-transcriptional level regulation of the stability, localization, transportation, splicing, and translation of RNA; these are key elements of various biological activities, including osteoporosis and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes. The main focus of this review is the role of m6A in these two biological processes.
Foresee Novel Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease by Investigating
Repurposed Drugs
Authors: Agarwal Kritie , Katare Deepshikha Pande , Jakhmola-Mani Ruchi 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most rampant neurodegenerative disorder
which has caused havoc worldwide. More than a century has passed since the first case of AD was reported,
but still, no stable treatment is known to humanity. The available medications only provide
temporary relief and are not a cure for the disease. The hunt for advanced techniques in drug development
has paved the way for drug repurposing, i.e., repositioning or reutilizing drugs as an innovative
approach.

Methodology:
Several drugs which were repurposed for AD were collected by following PRISMA
2020 systemic review. Databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, and SciELO were used for data
extraction. Further, the Drugbank database was used to download all the identified drugs. Later, the
Swiss Target Prediction tool was used to identify protein receptors for these drugs and the biological
pathway followed by them.

Results:
Drugs like Zileuton, Salbutamol, Baricitinib, Carmustine, Paclitaxel, and Nilotinib were observed
to be involved in regulation of neurotransmitters. Similarly, Metformin, Liraglutide, UDCA,
and Bexarotene are involved in protein kinase cascades which also is one of the prime processes in
metabolic disorders like AD. Furthermore, drugs like Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone, and Lonafarnib are
involved in interleukin-3 biosynthetic processes, which is again one of the most important processes
studied in AD treatment.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that the reviewed drugs that follow similar biological and molecular
processes could be repurposed for AD if chosen judiciously with current medications and thus, drug
repurposing is a promising approach that can be utilized to find a cure for AD within a brief time and
fewer resources compared to de novo drug synthesis. Although certain loopholes still need to be
worked upon, the technique has great prospects. Furthermore, in silico methods can be utilized to justify
the findings and identify the best drug candidate.
A Potential Strategy for Treating Parkinson's Disease Through Intranasal
Nanoemulsions
Authors: Shirsath Krushna , Agrawal Yogeeta O. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
Intranasal delivery has great potential to cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver the drug
molecule into the central nervous system faster than the traditional methods. The olfactory neuronal
and trigeminal pathways both are involved in intranasal delivery. The nano-technology is an innovative
strategy for the nose to brain delivery. The mucoadhesive nanoemulsion formulation is a modified
technology that increases the duration of drug accumulation and provides prolonged delivery at a targeted
site. The nanoemulsion formulation oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant components maintain lower
surface tension and particle coalescence. The globule dimension and zeta potential are affected in
brain targeting. The globule size of the innovative formulation should be <200 nm for drug permeation
because, in humans, the average axon magnitude ranges from around 100 to 700 nm. Furthermore,
modified technology of nanoemulsions like nanogel and nanoemulsion in-situ gel provide a
great advantage to cure neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, focusing on the innovative pharmaceutical
approaches of nanoemulsion in intranasal drug delivery, the current review provides insight
into the applications of nanoemulsion in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, which
are due to the depletion of dopamine in substania nigra resulting in cardinal motor activity bradykinesia
and tremors. The review also touches upon the pathways for intranasal delivery of nanoemulsion,
the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, and the future direction of the research on intranasal
nanoemulsion.
Proposing Cubic-Grid System as a New Structural System for Tall Buildings
Authors: Sheikhi Morteza , Rezagholizadehomran Farideh 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Changes in the skyline of cities all over the world show that tall buildings are an interesting solution to accommodating growth more sustainably in today’s urban areas. Stability against lateral loading is the main issue for designing high-rise buildings. Diagrid systems or grid structures are one of these stable systems. For a long time, the only structural pattern used in this system was the triangular modulus (diagrid).

Methods:
In the present study, a new pattern for grid structures was introduced, and its performance was compared with the two previous common patterns (triangular and hexagonal). The new pattern is called the Isometric Cube grid, thanks to its particular shape. The design process was performed based on a simple stiffness criterion presented in the previous research. In order to calculate the stiffness of the structure for the new pattern, two types of existing structural nodes were distinguished, and the results were combined to determine the stiffness of the unit forming the entire grid.

Results and Conclusion:
From the results of analysis, it was found that the optimal angles of diagonal elements were in the range of 50-65 degrees. Although the behavior of the new pattern in terms of shear stiffness was between the two previous patterns (and closer to the hexagonal pattern), the shear stiffness ratio increased from 30° to 65° for cube pattern, while for hexagrid, it decreased over the same range of angles.
The Thermal Time Constant of an Electrothermal Microcantilever Resonator
Authors: Zarog Musaab 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The thermal time constant is the core parameter for determining the dynamic response of the electrothermal actuators and the corresponding maximum operational frequency.

Aim:
Since it is necessary to determine how the thermal actuation is taking place within the cantilever, this paper presents two models for the thermal time constant of bimetal microcantilevers. One model was based on the bimetallic effect, and the second was based on temperature gradients in layers

Methods:
In order to investigate and check the validity of the two roposed model, the device was actuated electrothermally and the thermal time response was estimated. A driving voltage was applied to the platinum electrode. The first model is based on the interface thermal resistance between the base and the top electrode layer. The second model assumes that the temperature gradients within the base layer are responsible for thermal actuation.

Results:
The microcantilever was excited electrothermally with a resonance frequency of 1.89 MHz. The bimetallic effect was found to be less able to stimulate the microcantilever at this resonance frequency. Therefore, the conclusion was that thermal actuation occurred as a result of temperature variation within the SiC base layer.

Conclusion:
The results also indicated that temperature variations within one of the two materials in contact may be responsible for thermal actuation, especially if the material has high thermal conductivity.
Fault Diagnosis of Oil-Immersed Transformer based on TSNE and IBASA- SVM
Authors: Guo You , Feng Wenqing , Zhang Guoyong , Ouyang Yi , Pi Xinyu , He Lifu , Luo Jing , Yi Lingzhi 
Published: June 2022

Background:With the rapid development of power system, oil-immersed transformers are widely used in the substation and distribution system. The faults of oil-immersed transformers are large threat to the power system. Therefore, it is significant that the faults of oil-immersed transformers can be diagnosed accurately.Objective:To accurately diagnose the faults of oil-immersed transformers through machine learning methods and swarm intelligent algorithms.Methods:To accurately diagnose the faults of oil-immersed transformers, a fault diagnosis method based on T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and support vector machine is proposed. The improved beetle antennae search algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of support vector machine. Firstly, the non-coding ratio method is used to obtain nine-dimensional characteristic indices. Secondly, the original nine-dimensional data are reduced to three-dimensional by T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. Lastly, the data after dimensionality reduction are used as the input of the support vector machine optimized by improved beetle antennae search algorithm and the fault types of transformers can be diagnosed.Results:The accuracy rate is 94.53% and the operation time is about 1.88s. The results indicate that the method proposed by this paper is reasonable.Conclusion:The experimental results show that the method proposed by this paper has a high accuracy rate and low operation time. Mixed faults that are difficult to diagnose also can be diagnosed by this paper's method. In the era of big data, there is a lot of data of transformer, so the method proposed in this paper has certain engineering significance.