bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real projective structures on Riemann surfaces and new hyper-Kähler manifolds
Authors: Heller Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe twistor space of the moduli space of solutions of Hitchin’s self-duality equations can be identified with the Deligne-Hitchin moduli space of $$\lambda $$
λ
-connections. We use real projective structures on Riemann surfaces to prove the existence of new components of real holomorphic sections of the Deligne-Hitchin moduli space. Applying the twistorial construction we show the existence of new hyper-Kähler manifolds associated to any compact Riemann surface of genus $$g\ge 2$$

g
≥
2

. These hyper-Kähler manifolds can be considered as moduli spaces of (certain) singular solutions of the self-duality equations.
Comparison between 3D SPACE FLAIR and 3D TSE FLAIR in Menière’s disease
Authors: Bernaerts Anja , Janssen Nick , Wuyts Floris L. , Blaivie Cathérine , Vanspauwen Robby , van Dinther Joost , Zarowski Andrzej , Offeciers Erwin , Deckers Filip , Casselman Jan W. , De Foer Bert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Heavily T2-weighted 3D FLAIR (hT2w-3D-FLAIR) sequence with constant flip angle (CFA) has been reported as being more sensitive to low concentrations of gadolinium (Gd) enabling endolymphatic hydrops (EH) visualization. The purpose of this study was to compare signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, detection rate of EH, and increased perilymphatic enhancement (PE) as well as diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing definite Menière’s disease (MD), using 3D-SPACE FLAIR versus conventional 3D-TSE FLAIR.

Methods
This retrospective study included 29 definite MD patients who underwent a 4-h delayed intravenous (IV) Gd-enhanced 3D-TSE FLAIR and 3D-SPACE FLAIR MRI between February 2019 and February 2020. MR images were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed twice by 2 experienced head and neck radiologists. Qualitative assessment included grading of cochlear and vestibular EH and visual comparison of PE. Quantitative assessment of PE was performed by placing a region of interest (ROI) and ratio calculation in the basal turn of the cochlea and the brainstem.

Results
The intra- and inter-reader reliability for grading of EH and PE was excellent (0.7 < kappa < 0.9) for 3D-SPACE FLAIR and exceeded the values for 3D-TSE FLAIR (0.5 < kappa < 0.9) The combination of EH and visual assessment of PE has the highest diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing definite MD on 3D-SPACE FLAIR with a sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 0.98 resulting in a sensitivity raise of 6% compared to 3D-TSE FLAIR.

Conclusion
Four-hour delayed IV Gd-enhanced 3D-SPACE FLAIR sequence has a higher sensitivity and reproducibility than 3D-TSE FLAIR for the visualization of EH and increased PE in definite MD patients.
Analysis of a Two-Fluid Taylor–Couette Flow with One Non-Newtonian Fluid
Authors: Lienstromberg Christina , Pernas-Castaño Tania , Velázquez Juan J. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study the dynamic behaviour of two viscous fluid films confined between two concentric cylinders rotating at a small relative velocity. It is assumed that the fluids are immiscible and that the volume of the outer fluid film is large compared to the volume of the inner one. Moreover, while the outer fluid is considered to have constant viscosity, the rheological behaviour of the inner thin film is determined by a strain-dependent power-law. Starting from a Navier–Stokes system, we formally derive evolution equations for the interface separating the two fluids. Two competing effects drive the dynamics of the interface, namely the surface tension and the shear stresses induced by the rotation of the cylinders. When the two effects are comparable, the solutions behave, for large times, as in the Newtonian regime. We also study the regime in which the surface tension effects dominate the stresses induced by the rotation of the cylinders. In this case, we prove local existence of positive weak solutions both for shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids. In the latter case, we show that interfaces which are initially close to a circle converge to a circle in finite time and keep that shape for later times.
How might magnetic secular variation impact avian philopatry?
Authors: Wynn Joe , Padget Oliver , Morford Joe , Jaggers Paris , Davies Katrina , Borsier Emma , Guilford Tim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA tendency to return to the natal/breeding site, ‘philopatry’, is widespread amongst migratory birds. It has been suggested that a magnetic ‘map’ could underpin such movements, though it is unclear how a magnetic map might be impacted by gradual drift in the Earth’s magnetic field (‘secular variation’). Here, using the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, we quantified how secular variation translates to movement in the implied positions at which combinations of different magnetic cues (inclination, declination and intensity) intersect, noting that the magnitude of such movements is determined by the magnitude of the movements of each of the two isolines, and the angle between their movement vectors. We propose that magnetic parameters varying in a near-parallel arrangement are unlikely to be used as a bi-coordinate map during philopatry, but that birds could use near-orthogonal magnetic gradient cues as a bi-coordinate map if augmented with navigation using more local cues. We further suggest that uni-coordinate magnetic information could also provide a philopatry mechanism that is substantially less impacted by secular variation than a bi-coordinate ‘map’. We propose that between-year shifts in the position of magnetic coordinates might provide a priori predictions for changes in the breeding sites of migratory birds.
Probabilistic forecasts of near-term climate change: verification for temperature and precipitation changes from years 1971–2000 to 2011–2020
Authors: Räisänen Jouni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn year 2006, Räisänen and Ruokolainen proposed a resampling ensemble technique for probabilistic forecasts of near-term climate change. Here, the resulting forecasts of temperature and precipitation change from years 1971–2000 to 2011–2020 are verified. The forecasts of temperature change are found to be encouraginly reliable, with just 9% and 10% of the local annual and monthly mean changes falling outside the 5–95% forecast range. The verification statistics for temperature change represent a large improvement over the statistics for a surrogate no-forced-change forecast, and they are largely insensitive to the observational data used. The improvement for precipitation changes is much smaller, to a large extent due to the much lower signal-to-noise ratio of precipitation than temperature changes. In addition, uncertainty in observations is a major complication in verification of precipitation changes. For the main source of precipitation data chosen in the study, 20% and 15% of the local annual and monthly mean precipitation changes fall outside the 5–95% forecast range.
Risk of extracolonic second primary cancers following a primary colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Robertson Dylan , Ng Shu Kay , Baade Peter D. , Lam Alfred K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to assess the global risk of extracolonic secondary primary cancers (SPCs) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Studies of SPC in patients with CRC were included if they reported the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for extracolonic SPCs in patients with CRC compared with the general population. Pooled summary estimates were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results
A total of 7,716,750 patients with CRC from 13 retrospective cohort studies that reported extracolonic SPC incidence were included. The overall risk of several SPCs was significantly higher in patients with CRC compared with the general population, including cancers of the urinary bladder (pooled SIR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.33; p = 0.003), female genital tract (1.88, 1.07–3.31; p = 0.03), kidney (1.50, 1.19–1.89; p = 0.0007), thorax (lung, bronchus and mediastinum) (1.16, 1.01–1.32; p = 0.03), small intestine (4.26, 2.58–7.01; p < 0.0001), stomach (1.22, 1.07–1.39; p = 0.003), and thyroid (1.40, 1.28–1.53; p < 0.0001), as well as melanoma (1.28, 1.01–1.62; p = 0.04). There was also a decreased risk of developing cancer of the gall bladder (0.75, 0.60–0.94; p = 0.01).

Conclusion
Patients with CRC had a significantly increased risk of extracolonic SPCs compared with the general population. These findings highlight the need to develop research strategies for the management of second primary cancer in patients with CRC.
Accounting for arterial and capillary blood gases for calculation of cerebral blood flow in preterm infants
Authors: Brodkorb Silke , Sidorenko Irina , Turova Varvara , Rieger-Fackeldey Esther , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Kovtanyuk Andrey , Lampe Renée 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne of the most feared neurological complications of premature birth is intraventricular hemorrhage, frequently triggered by fluctuations in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Although several techniques for CBF measurement have been developed, they are not part of clinical routine in neonatal intensive care. A promising tool for monitoring of CBF is its numerical assessment using standard clinical parameters such as mean arterial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and oxygen partial pressure (pO2). A standard blood gas analysis is performed on arterial blood. In neonates, capillary blood is widely used for analysis of blood gas parameters. The purpose of this study was the assessment of differences between arterial and capillary analysis of blood gases and adjustment of the mathematical model for CBF calculation to capillary values. The statistical analysis of pCO2 and pO2 values collected from 254 preterm infants with a gestational age of 23–30 weeks revealed no significant differences between arterial and capillary pCO2 and significantly lower values for capillary pO2. The estimated mean differences between arterial and capillary pO2 of 15.15 mmHg (2.02 kPa) resulted in a significantly higher CBF calculated for capillary pO2 compared to CBF calculated for arterial pO2. Two methods for correction of capillary pO2 were proposed and compared, one based on the mean difference and another one based on a regression model.Conclusion: Capillary blood gas analysis with correction for pO2 as proposed in the present work is an acceptable alternative to arterial sampling for the assessment of CBF.

What is Known:• Arterial blood analysis is the gold standard in clinical practice. However, capillary blood is widely used for estimating blood gas parameters.• There is no significant difference between the arterial and capillary pCO2values, but the capillary pO2differs significantly from the arterial one.

What is New:• The lower capillary pO2values yield significantly higher values of calculated CBF compared to CBF computed from arterial pO2measurements.• Two correction methods for the adjustment of capillary pO2 to arterial pO2that made the difference in the calculated CBF insignificant have been proposed.
Forecasting eruptions from long-quiescent volcanoes
Authors: Kilburn Christopher R. J. , Bell Andrew F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractForecasts of eruption are uncertain. The uncertainty is amplified when volcanoes reawaken after several generations in repose, because direct evidence of previous behaviour is rarely available. It fosters scepticism about warnings of volcanic activity and may compromise the success of emergency procedures. The quality of forecasts has improved over the past 50 years, owing mainly to a growing sophistication in statistical analyses of unrest. Physics-based analyses have yet to achieve the same level of maturity. Their application has been delayed by a view that volcanoes are too complex to share patterns of behaviour that can be described in a deterministic manner. This view is being increasingly challenged and an emerging line of inquiry is to understand how forecasts can be further improved by integrating statistical approaches with new constraints on possible outcomes from physics-based criteria. The introduction of deterministic reasoning yields rational explanations of why forecasts are not perfect and, as a result, offers new opportunities for increasing public confidence in warnings of eruption.
Overcoming therapeutic nihilism. Breaking bad news of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—a patient-centred perspective in rare diseases
Authors: Maksymowicz Stanisław , Libura Maria , Malarkiewicz Paulina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, incurable, and fatal neurodegenerative disease with median survival time from onset to death ranging from 20 to 48 months. Breaking bad news about ALS diagnosis is a challenging task for physicians and a life-changing experience for patients. Several protocols for delivering difficult information are available, including SPIKES and EMPATHY. Our goal was to assess to what extent these guidelines are followed in Polish ALS patients’ experience as well as to identify any other patients’ preferences not addressed by the guidelines. Participants of our study were recruited via a neurology clinic. Twenty-four patients with confirmed ALS diagnosis were interviewed using in-depth interview and a self-constructed questionnaire: 9 females, 15 males in age ranging from 30–39 to 60–69. The analysis showed a pattern of shortcomings and fundamental violations of available protocols reported by ALS patients. Patients also had to deal with therapeutic nihilism, as they were perceived as “hopeless cases”; unlike in oncological setting, their end-of-life needs were not accommodated by some standard schemes. As a conclusion, we recommend using extended breaking bad news protocols with special emphasis on preparing a treatment plan, giving the patient hope and sense of purpose, offering psychological support and counselling directed to patients and caregivers, and providing the patient with meaningful information about the disease, social support, treatment options, and referral to appropriate health care centres.
Advertising Benefits from Ethical Artificial Intelligence Algorithmic Purchase Decision Pathways
Authors: Rodgers Waymond , Nguyen Tam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has dramatically changed the way organizations communicate, understand, and interact with their potential consumers. In the context of this trend, the ethical considerations of advertising when applying AI should be the core question for marketers. This paper discusses six dominant algorithmic purchase decision pathways that align with ethical philosophies for online customers when buying a product/goods. The six ethical positions include: ethical egoism, deontology (i.e., rule-based), relativist, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and ethics of care (i.e., stakeholders’ perspective). Furthermore, this paper launches an “intelligent advertising” AI theme by examining its present and future as well as identifying the key phases of intelligent advertising. Several research questions are offered to guide future research on intelligent advertising to benefit ethical AI decision-making. Finally, several areas that can be widely applied to ethical intelligent advertising are suggested for future research.
Artificial Intelligence and Declined Guilt: Retailing Morality Comparison Between Human and AI
Authors: Giroux Marilyn , Kim Jungkeun , Lee Jacob C. , Park Jongwon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral technological developments, such as self-service technologies and artificial intelligence (AI), are disrupting the retailing industry by changing consumption and purchase habits and the overall retail experience. Although AI represents extraordinary opportunities for businesses, companies must avoid the dangers and risks associated with the adoption of such systems. Integrating perspectives from emerging research on AI, morality of machines, and norm activation, we examine how individuals morally behave toward AI agents and self-service machines. Across three studies, we demonstrate that consumers’ moral concerns and behaviors differ when interacting with technologies versus humans. We show that moral intention (intention to report an error) is less likely to emerge for AI checkout and self-checkout machines compared with human checkout. In addition, moral intention decreases as people consider the machine less humanlike. We further document that the decline in morality is caused by less guilt displayed toward new technologies. The non-human nature of the interaction evokes a decreased feeling of guilt and ultimately reduces moral behavior. These findings offer insights into how technological developments influence consumer behaviors and provide guidance for businesses and retailers in understanding moral intentions related to the different types of interactions in a shopping environment.
Fibroblast-Conditioned Media Enhance the Yield of Microglia Isolated from Mixed Glial Cultures
Authors: Hu Jian , Wang Peng , Wang Zhengyi , Xu Yuyun , Peng Wenshuo , Chen Xiongjian , Fang Yani , Zhu Liyun , Wang Dongxue , Wang Xue , Lin Li , Ruan Lixin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicroglia are the main immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and comprise various model systems used to investigate inflammatory mechanisms in CNS disorders. Currently, shaking and mild trypsinization are widely used microglial culture methods; however, the problems with culturing microglia include low yield and a time-consuming process. In this study, we replaced normal culture media (NM) with media containing 25% fibroblast-conditioned media (F-CM) to culture mixed glia and compared microglia obtained by these two methods. We found that F-CM significantly improved the yield and purity of microglia and reduced the total culture time of mixed glia. The microglia obtained from the F-CM group showed longer ramified morphology than those from the NM group, but no difference was observed in cell size. Microglia from the two groups had similar phagocytic function and baseline phenotype markers. Both methods yielded microglia were responsive to various stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL-4). The current results suggest that F-CM affect the growth of primary microglia in mixed glia culture. This method can produce a high yield of primary microglia within a short time and may be a convenient method for researchers to investigate inflammatory mechanisms and some CNS disorders.
Achieving energy justice in Malawi: from key challenges to policy recommendations
Authors: McCauley Darren , Grant Rebecca , Mwathunga Evance 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAddressing energy provision and access in Sub-Saharan Africa is a key global challenge. Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders, this paper applies an energy justice framework in overviewing energy realities and policies in Malawi, where electricity access remains among the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa. The use of woodfuel remains high for meeting cooking, heating, and lighting needs leading to indoor air pollution, with serious health consequences, and widespread deforestation. Responses to these dual challenges, a lack of electricity access and ongoing woodfuel use, must be rooted in notions of equity, fairness, and justice. Application of energy justice theorising provides insights into how policy stakeholders are responding to complex and interconnected issues of energy generation and access in low-income settings. Overall, a just response to these energy challenges is possible, but only if it is built on local inclusive governance with fairer and effective systems of investment.
The 45-month therapy outcomes of permanent seed implantation and radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer patients
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Mengdong , Wang Jianwen , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2022

SummaryObjective To compare the efficacy and safety-related outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) and permanent seed implantation (PI) using iodine-125 seeds in patients with prostate cancer. Method A retrospective analysis of 196 patients with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer (T2-T3) was performed in this study. Forty-five patients who underwent PI using iodine-125 seeds combined with endocrine therapy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were compared with 151 patients who underwent RP combined with endocrine therapy or adjuvant ADT. The efficacy and safety outcomes were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves and t-tests. Results Between the RP and PI treatment modalities, no significant difference (P > 0.05) in biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) was observed using Kaplan–Meier curves, regardless of the combination of adjuvant treatment modalities. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed (P > 0.05) with respect to PSA fluctuations, albumin, leukocyte count, urinary and rectal symptoms, erectile function or quality of life (QoL) between the two therapy methods. However, significant differences in the maximum flow rate, average length of hospital stay and indwelling catheter time were observed between the two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion Iodine-125 seed implantation significantly shortened the average length of hospital stay and indwelling catheter time compared with RP, and the haemoglobin level was significantly higher in the PI group than in the RP group; however, the maximum urine flow rate was lower after of PI than after RP. These two methods showed similar BRFS rates among prostate cancer patients.
Constitutional overperformance: an empirical study of de facto protection of rights with no de jure equivalents
Authors: Metelska-Szaniawska Katarzyna , Lewczuk Anna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper we aim to contribute to the debate on successful enforcement of constitutional rules and its determinants by extending the focus to the phenomenon of constitutional overperformance, which arises when countries that do not include certain de jure rights in their constitutions, nevertheless de facto observe them. Firstly, we provide evidence that constitutional overperformance is a common phenomenon around the globe and it demonstrates high variation. Secondly, we identify factors which contribute to it. In particular, more constitutional overperformance is found in countries with older and less comprehensive constitutions, a high degree of democratization and a more robust civil society, plagued by less political conflict. Spatial interdependence effects are also identified confirming the diffusion of constitutional overperformance between countries. We base the conclusions on an empirical study conducted for a global sample of more than 100 countries.
A Non-relativistic Approach to Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: The Case of the Harmonic Oscillator
Authors: Poveda Luis A. , Grave de Peralta Luis , Pittman Jacob , Poirier Bill 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA recently proposed approach to relativistic quantum mechanics (Grave de Peralta, Poveda, Poirier in Eur J Phys 42:055404, 2021) is applied to the problem of a particle in a quadratic potential. The methods, both exact and approximate, allow one to obtain eigenstate energy levels and wavefunctions, using conventional numerical eigensolvers applied to Schrödinger-like equations. Results are obtained over a nine-order-of-magnitude variation of system parameters, ranging from the non-relativistic to the ultrarelativistic limits. Various trends are analyzed and discussed—some of which might have been easily predicted, others which may be a bit more surprising.