bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Measurement of Patellofemoral Joint Kinematics and Contact Mechanics in Intact Knees: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Huang Wenhan , Zeng Xiaolong , Man Gene Chi‐Wai , Yang Liu , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivePatellofemoral kinematics and contact mechanics are important measurements for the assessment of patellofemoral joint (PFJ) problems. Simultaneously measuring PFJ contact pressures and kinematics is a challenging task. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously measure the kinematics and mean/peak contact pressures in the PFJs of cadaveric knees.MethodsThis was a comparative study performed on fresh cadaveric knees. The kinematic data was acquired for nine cadaveric knees using an optical tracking system. Data about the contact pressure and contact area in the PFJ was obtained at knee flexion angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° using a pressure sensor. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and minimal detectable differences (MDDs) of six degrees of freedom (6 DOF) in the PFJs were calculated. ICCs and the MDDs of contact pressure, peak pressure, and contact area in the PFJs were also analyzed. We also compared the kinematics of the cadaveric knees before and after the insertion of the pressure sensor.ResultsAll ICC values of 6 DOF in the PFJs were found to be greater than or equal to 0.924. Regarding medial–lateral rotation, the patellar showed a simplified movement pattern that demonstrated progressive lateral rotation of 4.8° ± 3.4° at 120° of knee flexion. While for patellar tilting, the patella showed medial tilting that peaked at 7.2 ± 2.5° at 30° of knee flexion. Whereas no significant differences in PFJ kinematics were found between with and without the placement of the pressure sensor at all knee flexions (P > 0.05). Most of the ICC values for contact pressure, peak contact pressure, and contact area ranged from 0.8 to 0.9. The MDDs for rotational displacement were 0.9° and 0.6 mm for translational displacement. No statistical differences in patellar kinematics were found before and after the insertion of the pressure sensor.ConclusionsThe setup in the present study enables researchers to simultaneously and synchronously collect real‐time PFJ kinematics and tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) biomechanical kinematic data with high reliability. The low MDDs enabled the researchers to obtain an accurate interpretation of the kinematic and contact mechanics measurement using the experimental setting used in the present study.
Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Alters Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Osteoporotic Rats
Authors: Zhou Jiaming , Wang Rui , Zhao Rui , Guo Xing , Gou Pengguo , Bai He , Lei Ping , Xue Yuan 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) on gut microbiota (GM) in ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic rats.MethodsThirty female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham‐operation (SHAM) group, OVX group and PTH treatment group. After 3 months of treatment, the femurs, serum and feces were acquired for micro‐CT, biochemical analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. For 16S rRNA sequencing, after raw reads filtrated and chimera sequences removed, the clean reads were obtained. According to these clean reads, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were clustered. Venn diagram analysis was conducted to explore common and unique GM among the three groups. The α‐diversity analysis including Shannon and Simpson indexes were used to evaluate the richness and diversity of the GM. The β‐diversity analysis was performed to estimate the structure of GM. The metabolic function was predicted by Tax4Fun analysis.ResultsWith micro‐CT and biochemical analysis, significant improvements were found in the PTH group compared with the OVX group. In Venn diagram analysis, more unique OTUs were found in the SHAM and PTH groups than the OVX group. According to the rank abundance curve, the SHAM and PTH groups had similar richness and evenness, which were higher than the OVX group. Simpson and Shannon indexes were higher in the SHAM and PTH groups compared with the OVX group, indicating that the SHAM and PTH groups had higher microbiota complexity than the OVX group. In β‐diversity analysis, apparent separation was found in the OVX group from the PTH and SHAM groups, which suggested that osteoporosis is the critical factor influencing the GM composition and PTH treatment and can restore the structure of GM. Compared with the OVX group, treatment with PTH increased the abundances of GM which were reported to increase bone mass, such asLactobacillus_reuteri,Muribaculaceae,Ruminococcaceae, andClostridia, and inhibited the relative abundance ofRikenellaceae, which was reported to be potentially related to osteoporosis. GM function analysis showed that PTH could promote butyrate synthesis. In Tax4Fun analysis, the function of butanoate metabolism is more vital in the PTH group than the OVX and SHAM groups, suggesting PTH treatment could regulate microbial metabolic function, including butanoate metabolism.ConclusionIntermittent PTH can interact with GM through increasing the abundance of probiotics and reducing the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria to enhance the bone mass.
Early‐onset hypertension associated with extensive cutaneous capillary malformations harboring postzygotic variants in GNAQ and GNA11
Authors: Davies Olivia M. T. , Ng Ashley T. , Tran Jennifer , Blumenthal Shoshana , Arkin Lisa M. , Nopper Amy J. , Cottrell Catherine E. , Garzon Maria , Siegel Dawn H. , Frieden Ilona J. , Drolet Beth A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCutaneous capillary malformations (CMs) describe a group of vascular birthmarks with heterogeneous presentations. CMs may present as an isolated finding or with other associations, including glaucoma and leptomeningeal angiomatosis (i.e., Sturge–Weber syndrome) or pigmentary birthmarks (i.e., phakomatosis pigmentovascularis). The use of targeted genetic sequencing has revealed that postzygotic somatic variations in GNAQ and GNA11 at codon 183 are associated with CMs. We report five patients with early‐onset hypertension and discuss possible pathogenesis of hypertension.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with CMs, confirmed GNAQ/11 postzygotic variants, and documented past medical history were identified from a multi‐institutional vascular anomalies study. Early‐onset hypertension was defined as hypertension before the age of 55 years. Clinical data were reviewed for evidence of hypertension, such as documentation of diagnosis or elevated blood pressure measurements.ResultsFive of the 29 patients identified as having GNAQ/11 postzygotic variants had documented early‐onset hypertension. Three individuals harbored a GNAQ p.R183Q variant, and two individuals harbored a GNA11 p.R183C variant. All individuals had extensive cutaneous CMs involving the trunk and covering 9%–56% of their body surface area. The median age of hypertension diagnosis was 15 years (range 11–24 years), with three individuals having renal abnormalities on imaging.ConclusionsEarly‐onset hypertension is associated with extensive CMs harboring somatic variations in GNAQ/11. Here, we expand on the GNAQ/11 phenotype and hypothesize potential mechanisms driving hypertension. We recommend serial blood pressure measurements in patients with extensive CMs on the trunk and extremities to screen for early‐onset hypertension.
Against ‘Against Slagle's Reading’
Authors: Slagle Jim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSerdal Tümkaya has argued that my critique of eliminative materialism makes several missteps. He argues that eliminativism should be taken as a methodology not a settled conclusion, and the final product may well retain some folk psychology concepts. I respond that methodological eliminativism does avoid self‐defeat but does not pose a problem for the folk psychologist. Plus, insofar as eliminativism is not eliminating the propositional attitudes but accomodating or translating them, it is not distinct from other, less extreme forms of materialism.
Holding points of view does not amount to knowledge
Authors: Miranda Vilchis Rogelio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractI argue that knowing and having points of view are fundamentally different epistemic states if we assume that having justified true beliefs is necessary for knowledge. Knowers necessarily possess justified true beliefs, but persons holding points of view may, for example, lack justification, have false beliefs, or both. I examine these differences and expose other crucial differentiating patterns between the structure of knowledge and points of view that make the latter more likely to lead to disagreements. I hypothesize that these patterns remain invariant in alternative views of knowledge like contextualism as long as we preserve the classical structure. Yet there is much research to be done on the multiple and contrasting properties that emerge if we consider non‐classical analyses of knowledge and points of view.
Doing more among institutional boundaries: Platform‐enabled government in China
Authors: Zeng Yu , Zhang Quan , Zhao Qi , Huang Huang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe concept of Government as a Platform (GaaP) has recently encountered setbacks in practice worldwide. While existing literature on inter‐governmental collaboration has emphasized organizational restructuring and data sharing, this study argues that a pragmatic way to improve administrative efficiency in the absence of formal institutional change is to adopt an alternative model to GaaP: platform‐enabled government. Enabled by innovations of the middle‐tier platform, this new model of platform governance integrates the functions of distributed systems of multiple departments into a sequential workflow without the requirement of institutional reform or sharing proprietary data. To demonstrate how this model facilitates information flow across institutional boundaries and improves collaborative governance, we analyze horizontal, vertical, and public‐private collaboration using a diverse case study design. We examine administrative review, law enforcement, and contact tracing during the pandemic in the context of China. Our findings suggest accommodating institutional boundaries is a practical and effective approach to advance the digital government agenda in decentralized contexts.
Machine learning forecasting for COVID-19 pandemic-associated effects on paediatric respiratory infections
Authors: Bowyer Stuart A , Bryant William A , Key Daniel , Booth John , Briggs Lydia , Spiridou Anastassia , Cortina-Borja Mario , Davies Gwyneth , Taylor Andrew M , Sebire Neil J 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent government restrictions have had a major impact on healthcare services and disease transmission, particularly those associated with acute respiratory infection. This study examined non-identifiable routine electronic patient record data from a specialist children’s hospital in England, UK, examining the effect of pandemic mitigation measures on seasonal respiratory infection rates compared with forecasts based on open-source, transferable machine learning models.MethodsWe performed a retrospective longitudinal study of respiratory disorder diagnoses between January 2010 and February 2022. All diagnoses were extracted from routine healthcare activity data and diagnosis rates were calculated for several diagnosis groups. To study changes in diagnoses, seasonal forecast models were fit to prerestriction period data and extrapolated.ResultsBased on 144 704 diagnoses from 31 002 patients, all but two diagnosis groups saw a marked reduction in diagnosis rates during restrictions. We observed 91%, 89%, 72% and 63% reductions in peak diagnoses of ‘respiratory syncytial virus’, ‘influenza’, ‘acute nasopharyngitis’ and ‘acute bronchiolitis’, respectively. The machine learning predictive model calculated that total diagnoses were reduced by up to 73% (z-score: −26) versus expected during restrictions and increased by up to 27% (z-score: 8) postrestrictions.ConclusionsWe demonstrate the association between COVID-19 related restrictions and significant reductions in paediatric seasonal respiratory infections. Moreover, while many infection rates have returned to expected levels postrestrictions, others remain supressed or followed atypical winter trends. This study further demonstrates the applicability and efficacy of routine electronic record data and cross-domain time-series forecasting to model, monitor, analyse and address clinically important issues.
Knowledge user survey and Delphi process to inform development of a new risk of bias tool to assess systematic reviews with network meta-analysis (RoB NMA tool)
Authors: Lunny Carole , Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Hutton Brian , White Ian , Higgins JPT , Wright James M , Kim Ji Yoon , Thirugnanasampanthar Sai Surabi , Siddiqui Shazia , Watt Jennifer , Moja Lorenzo , Taske Nichole , Lorenz Robert C , Gerrish Savannah , Straus Sharon , Minogue Virginia , Hu Franklin , Lin Kevin , Kapani Ayah , Nagi Samin , Chen Lillian , Akbar-nejad Mona , Tricco Andrea C 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundNetwork meta-analysis (NMA) is increasingly used in guideline development and other aspects of evidence-based decision-making. We aimed to develop a risk of bias (RoB) tool to assess NMAs (RoB NMA tool). An international steering committee recommended that the RoB NMA tool to be used in combination with the Risk of Bias in Systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool (i.e. because it was designed to assess biases only) or other similar quality appraisal tools (eg, A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 [AMSTAR 2]) to assess quality of systematic reviews. The RoB NMA tool will assess NMA biases and limitations regarding how the analysis was planned, data were analysed and results were presented, including the way in which the evidence was assembled and interpreted.ObjectivesConduct (a) a Delphi process to determine expert opinion on an item’s inclusion and (b) a knowledge user survey to widen its impact.DesignCross-sectional survey and Delphi process.MethodsDelphi panellists were asked to rate whether items should be included. All agreed-upon item were included in a second round of the survey (defined as 70% agreement). We surveyed knowledge users’ views and preferences about the importance, utility and willingness to use the RoB NMA tool to evaluate evidence in practice and in policymaking. We included 12 closed and 10 open-ended questions, and we followed a knowledge translation plan to disseminate the survey through social media and professional networks.Results22 items were entered into a Delphi survey of which 28 respondents completed round 1, and 22 completed round 2. Seven items did not reach consensus in round 2. A total of 298 knowledge users participated in the survey (14% respondent rate). 75% indicated that their organisation produced NMAs, and 78% showed high interest in the tool, especially if they had received adequate training (84%). Most knowledge users and Delphi panellists preferred a tool to assessbothbias in individual NMA resultsandauthors’ conclusions. Response bias in our sample is a major limitation as knowledge users working in high-income countries were more represented. One of the limitations of the Delphi process is that it depends on the purposive selection of experts and their availability, thus limiting the variability in perspectives and scientific disciplines.ConclusionsThis Delphi process and knowledge user survey informs the development of the RoB NMA tool.
Comparisons of the Sombor Index of Alkane, Alkyl, and Annulene Series with Their Molecular Mass
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Barzegar Hasan , Ashrafi Ali Reza 
Published: August 2022

Suppose G is an undirected simple graph. A topological index for G is a number with this property that it is invariant under all graph isomorphisms with applications in chemistry. The Sombor and reduced Sombor indices of G are defined as

S
O

G

=

∑

u
v

∈
E

G

d
G
2

u

+

d
G
2

v

and

S

O

red

G

=

∑

u
v

∈
E

G

d

G

u

−
1

2

+

d

G

v

−
1

2

, respectively. Here,

d

G

u

denotes the degree of the vertex u in

G

. In this paper, these invariants were computed for alkanes, alkyls, and annulenes. A comparison of our calculations with molecular mass is also presented. As a consequence, it is shown that there is a good correlation between Sombor index and molecular mass of these compounds.
Arterial Stiffness and Diabetes Risk in Framingham Heart Study and UK Biobank
Authors: Cohen Jordana B. , Mitchell Gary F. , Gill Dipender , Burgess Stephen , Rahman Mahboob , Hanff Thomas C. , Ramachandran Vasan S. , Mutalik Karen M. , Townsend Raymond R. , Chirinos Julio A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Microvascular damage from large artery stiffness (LAS) in pancreatic, hepatic, and skeletal muscles may affect glucose homeostasis. Our goal was to evaluate the association between LAS and the risk of type 2 diabetes using prospectively collected, carefully phenotyped measurements of LAS as well as Mendelian randomization analyses.

Methods:
Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) and brachial and central pulse pressure were measured in 5676 participants of the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) without diabetes. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the association of CF-PWV and pulse pressure with incident diabetes. We subsequently performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses evaluating the associations of genetically predicted brachial pulse pressure with type 2 diabetes in the UKBB (United Kingdom Biobank).

Results:

In FHS, individuals with higher CF-PWV were older, more often male, and had higher body mass index and mean arterial pressure compared to those with lower CF-PWV. After a median follow-up of 7 years, CF-PWV and central pulse pressure were associated with an increased risk of new-onset diabetes (per SD increase, multivariable-adjusted CF-PWV hazard ratio, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.03–1.76];
P
=0.030; central pulse pressure multivariable-adjusted CF-PWV hazard ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.08–1.48];
P
=0.004). In United Kingdom Biobank, genetically predicted brachial pulse pressure was associated with type 2 diabetes, independent of mean arterial pressure (adjusted odds ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.00–1.35];
P
=0.049).

Conclusions:
Using prospective cohort data coupled with Mendelian randomization analyses, we found evidence supporting that greater LAS is associated with increased risk of developing diabetes. LAS may play an important role in glucose homeostasis and may serve as a useful marker of future diabetes risk.
Association of Nap Frequency With Hypertension or Ischemic Stroke Supported by Prospective Cohort Data and Mendelian Randomization in Predominantly Middle-Aged European Subjects
Authors: Yang Min-jing , Zhang Zhong , Wang Yi-jing , Li Jin-chen , Guo Qu-lian , Chen Xiang , Wang E. 
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between daytime napping frequency and the incidence of essential hypertension or stroke as well as to validate causality in this relationship via Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods:
We conducted Cox regression analysis on 358 451 participants free of hypertension or stroke from UK Biobank. To validate the results of the observational analysis, we conducted a 2-sample MR for daytime napping frequency (123 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) with essential hypertension in FinnGen Biobank, stroke, and ischemic stroke in MEGASTROKE consortium and performed a corresponding 1-sample MR on the UK Biobank data.

Results:
Compared with never napping, usually napping was associated with a higher risk of essential hypertension (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.08–1.17]), stroke (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.10–1.39], and ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.05–1.36]) in our prospective observational analysis. Both the 1-sample and 2-sample MR results indicated that increased daytime napping frequency was likely to be a potential causal risk factor for essential hypertension in FinnGEN (odds ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.06–1.92]) and UK Biobank (odds ratio, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.28–1.58]). The 2-sample MR results supported the potential causal effect of nap frequency on ischemic stroke in MEGASTROKE (odds ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04–1.62]).

Conclusions:
Prospective observational and MR analyses provided evidence that increased daytime nap frequency may represent a potential causal risk factor for essential hypertension. The potential causal association of increased nap frequency with ischemic stroke was supported by 2-sample MR and prospective observational results.
Blood Pressure Control Among US Adults, 2009 to 2012 Through 2017 to 2020
Authors: Muntner Paul , Miles Miriam A. , Jaeger Byron C. , Hannon III Lonnie , Hardy Shakia T. , Ostchega Yechiam , Wozniak Gregory , Schwartz Joseph E. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data indicate that the proportion of US adults with hypertension that had controlled blood pressure (BP) declined from 2013 to 2014 through 2017 to 2018. We analyzed data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2012, 2013 to 2016, and 2017 to 2020 to confirm this finding.

Methods:
Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use. BP control among those with hypertension was defined as systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg.

Results:

The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 31.5% (95% CI, 30.3%–32.8%), 32.0% (95% CI, 30.6%–33.3%), and 32.9% (95% CI, 31.0%–34.7%) in 2009 to 2012, 2013 to 2016, and 2017 to 2020, respectively (
P
trend=0.218). The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension increased among non-Hispanic Asian adults from 27.0% in 2011 to 2012 to 33.5% in 2017 to 2020 (
P
trend=0.003). Among Hispanic adults, the age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension increased from 29.4% in 2009 to 2012 to 33.2% in 2017 to 2020 (
P
trend=0.029). In 2009 to 2012, 2013 to 2016, and 2017 to 2020, 52.8% (95% CI, 50.0%–55.7%), 51.3% (95% CI, 47.9%–54.6%), and 48.2% (95% CI, 45.7%–50.8%) of US adults with hypertension had controlled BP (
P
trend=0.034). Among US adults taking antihypertensive medication, 69.9% (95% CI, 67.8%–72.0%), 69.3% (95% CI, 66.6%–71.9%), and 67.7% (95% CI, 65.2%–70.3%) had controlled BP in 2009 to 2012, 2013 to 2016, and 2017 to 2020, respectively (
P
trend=0.189). Among all US adults with hypertension and those taking antihypertensive medication, a decline in BP control between 2009 to 2012 and 2017 to 2020 occurred among those ≥75 years, women, and non-Hispanic black adults.

Conclusions:
These data confirm that the proportion of US adults with hypertension who have controlled BP has declined.