bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Failure Isolation of Thermal Defects, Generally Shorts
Authors: Wadhwa Kannu , Schmidt Christian , Wagner Larry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The shrinking geometries in today’s 3-D integrated circuit (IC) designs generate an urgent need for a variety of tools to isolate failures on advanced semiconductor devices. There has been no single technique that adequately addresses all types of failures with the required fast cycle time. Complex failures that are not resolved by the faster global approaches are best addressed by probing technologies, where waveforms or voltages are measured from node to node. These approaches are time-consuming and usually require detailed understanding of the circuit operation. Global techniques that map the secondary effects of defects have been widely used for as many failures as possible. These secondary effects include thermal emission, photon emission, and circuit operation dependencies on localized heating or carrier generation at a defect site. Each technique addresses some segment of the failure mechanisms, but none is universally effective in itself. The use of thermal emission techniques has waned due to the issues of lower power supply voltages, which result in poor sensitivity for older techniques and decrease in minimum resolved feature sizes.
Dual-Lens Electron Holography for Junction Profiling and Strain Mapping on Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Wang Yun-Yu , Domenicucci Anthony , Bruley John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
IBM engineers have developed a holographic imaging technique, called dual-lens electron holography, that provides high spatial resolution and field of view without compromising signal-to-noise ratio. This article reviews the basic principles of the new method and provides several examples of its use. The first few examples demonstrate the junction profiling capabilities of the new method which, in one case, helps to explain why shallow junction devices are made with raised source-drain regions. In the other examples, dual-lens holography is used for strain mapping, in one case, to study strain distributions in sigma-shaped SiGe devices, and in another, to provide evidence that stress memorization occurs in dislocations in the source-drain region of nFET devices.
Failure Analysis: Why Mistakes Are Made and How to Avoid Making One
Authors: Burgess David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The tools of the trade in semiconductor failure analysis have advanced rapidly over the past few decades, bringing major improvements in imaging, deprocessing, and materials analysis. In contrast to the progress made in physical FA, little attention has been given to the failure analysis process itself. This article shows through case studies how simple oversights and misunderstandings can lead to costly mistakes. It also defines basic FA concepts and presents a failure analysis sequence, describing each step along with common pitfalls and best practices.
A Through-Silicon Metrology Target for Solid Immersion Lenses, Part I: Metrology Chip and Example
Authors: Lo William , Marks Howard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Metrology targets are an essential tool for evaluating the performance of imaging systems and maintaining their accuracy over time. Ideally, the pattern on the target is simple enough that the expected image is intuitive or, at least, easily simulated. Although many such targets exist for frontside imaging, until recently, few if any could be found for backside applications. In this article, the first of a two-part series, the authors explain how they addressed this gap by converting a readily available frontside target for backside use. The conversion process is described step by step in enough detail that it can be replicated in order to convert other frontside targets. Due to the success of the converted target, an unmounted, backside-specific version has subsequently been developed, the availability of which not only eliminates one of the more difficult steps in the original conversion process, but also provides additional benefits. Using one of these newer targets, the authors evaluated a backside imaging system consisting of a laser scanning microscope (LSM) and a solid immersion lens (SIL). The results are presented here along with the criteria used for the evaluation. Other applications of the new metrology target as well as its limitations are discussed in the May 2015 issue of EDFA.
A Summary of the ISTFA 2014 Panel Discussion: System-to-Component-Level Failure Analysis in the Space and Oil Industries
Authors: Beaudoin Felix , Grosjean David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Four panel members participated in the ISTFA 2014 Panel Discussion on the importance of correctly determining the cause of failure in electronic devices and systems designated for use in space, downhole drilling, and other such applications. Reliability of these components is critical because they cannot be easily replaced and malfunctions can be catastrophic. The panelists presented several methods for analyzing failures in integrated electrical systems and identifying the root cause.
Capacitor Failure and Helicopter Accident
Authors: Walbrou Frédéric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article explains how safety investigators with the French Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA) used chip-level recovery procedures to retrieve recorded flight data that helped them piece together the events that led up to helicopter accident that recently occurred in French Guyana. The recovered data along with eyewitness accounts and findings from an assortment of tests indicated that the failure of a capacitor filtering the output of a current generator inside the engine fuel automatic regulation system obliged the pilot to control fuel regulation manually. Although other factors were involved, as the article explains, the capacitor failure played a major role in the crash.
Automated High-Resolution Imaging of Very Large Fields of View (FOV)
Authors: Stellari Franco , Lin Chung-Ching , Song Peilin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Engineers at IBM’s Watson Research Center are contending with one of the most fundamental limitations of imaging technology: the tradeoff between spatial resolution and field of view. In this article, they explain how they created tool interfaces, control and automation software, and image analysis and stitching algorithms, enabling photon emission and laser scanning microscopes to produce high-resolution mosaic images of advanced processor cores and other large-area ICs. They describe some of the challenges they faced and explain how their technology can be used to create images based on reflected light, induced voltage, photon emission, and laser stimulation signatures. In one of the latest demonstrations, the technology was used to land and focus a SIL more than 4000 times, acquiring some 16,000 images that were composed into stitched mosaics of several hundred images each.
3-D Analysis of a Copper Flip-Chip Interconnection Using FIB-SEM Slice and View
Authors: Ito Mototaka , Kato Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A detailed analysis based on FIB etching and SEM image capture was conducted on a flip-chip solder joint deep inside a tablet PC. 3D views reconstructed from SEM images show what appears to be a copper pillar with a solder cap connected to a copper trace on the substrate. The investigators believe the joint was formed by thermal compression bonding with a preapplied underfill. The analysis also revealed the presence of voids and intermetallic compounds along with signs of filler entrapment.
Plasma FIB Provides Vital Delayering and Site-Specific Failure Analysis Capabilities for Larger-Scale Structures
Authors: Madala Surendra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plasma focused ion beam (PFIB) systems can generate ion beams with much higher current and are therefore able to remove larger volumes of material at much faster rates while still maintaining precise control of the beam and its milling action. This article explains how the improved performance of PFIB is leading to new applications in delayering, deprocessing, and site-specific failure analysis.
LVI and LVP Applications in In-Line Scan Chain Failure Analysis
Authors: Song Zhigang , Safran Laura 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article explains how the success rate of in-line scan chain logic macros can be nearly doubled for certain types of failures with the help of laser voltage imaging and laser voltage probing. The authors provide background information on LVI, LVP, and scan chain logic macros and show how they are used to diagnose skip test, clock-type, and soft single-latch failures.
Non-contrast–enhancing subdural empyema: illustrative case
Authors: Rebchuk Alexander D. , Chang Stephano J. , Griesdale Donald E. G. , Honey Christopher R. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Subdural empyema (SDE) is a life-threatening intracranial infection that, without timely surgical intervention and appropriate antibiotic treatment, is inevitably fatal. SDE is classically recognized on brain imaging as a subdural collection surrounded by a contrast-enhancing ring.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors describe the case of a 41-year-old male with clinical features consistent with SDE but without any contrast enhancement on multiple computed tomography scans obtained more than 48 hours apart. Given the high clinical suspicion for SDE, a craniotomy was performed that demonstrated frank pus that eventually grew Streptococcus pyogenes.

LESSONS
This case demonstrates that SDE may present without ring enhancement on contrast-enhanced imaging. In critically ill patients with a high clinical suspicion for SDE despite lack of contrast enhancement, we demonstrate that exploratory burr holes or craniotomy can provide diagnostic confirmation and source control.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP LOYALITAS KARYAWAN HAZOTEL SEMARANG
Authors: Pratama Iqbal Reza , Utami Hadiahti , Inayah Inayah 
Published: August 2022

<em>Employee’s loyalty is one of problems faced by Hazotel Semarang. This problem is related to transformational leadership style and organizational commitment. This research aims to determine the influence of transformational leadership style and organizational commitment on employee’s loyalty at Hazotel Semarang. The independent variables in this research are transformational leadership style (X1) and organizational commitment (X2), where employee’s loyalty (Y) as dependent variable. The type of this research is quantitative research metohod. To determine the number of the samples, Saturation sampling is used in this research whereas 24 person as the number of all population member are included in this research. The source data obtained by the primary data for distributing the questionnaire and secondary data by observation, interview, and literature study. The data collected using questionnaire is based on specified indicators. The result of the partial analysis showed that transformational leadership style has positive influence and significant on employee’s loyalty (t count &gt; t table, 2,553 &gt; 2,074). While organizational commitment has positive influence but not significant on employee’s loyalty, t count &lt; t table, (1,111 &lt; 2,074). The result of the simultan analysis showed that transformational leadership style and organizational commitment has positive influence and significant on employee’s loyalty, F count &gt; F table (7,414 &gt; 3,47).</em>
The influence of Organizational Communication, Work Motivation, and Self-Efficacy on Employee Performance in PT Angkasa Pura Logistik Semarang
Authors: Sakti Putri Dirgantara , Haribowo Putut - , Riyanto Makmun - 
Published: August 2022

The aspect of human resources or employees is an important factor that must be considered in the company. Human resources are the main assets for the company as active actors in various activities in the organization. Many companies provide logistic services such as warehousing, transportation services, freight services, etc. One company that used the service of logistic provider is PT Angkasa Pura Logistik Semarang. Due to the large number of logistic companies, PT Angkasa Pura Logistik Semarang needs to improve its employees' performance to compete in the logistics industry. Therefore, they must pay more attention to organizational communication, work motivation, and self-efficacy of their employees. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of organizational communication, work motivation, and self-efficacy on employee performance in PT Angkasa Pura Logistik Semarang. The research model was used multiple linear regression and SPSS 25. The sampling method used was simple random sampling. The questionnaire was distributed to 50 samples of staff in PT Angkasa Pura Logistik Semarang. The results showed that organizational communication had a positive and significantly influenced employee performance with a significant value of 0.011 &lt; 0.025 and the t value of 2.640 &gt; t table 2.01290. The variable of work motivation had a positive and significant influence on employee performance with a significant value of 0.013 &lt; 0.025 and the t value of 2.583 &gt; t table 2.01290. The self-efficacy variable had a positive and significant influence on employee performance with a significant value of 0.023 &lt; 0.025 and the t value of 2.360 &gt; t table 2.01290
Response of Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels to Blast Loading
Authors: Sherif Mohtady Moataz 
Published: August 2022

<p>Ultra-High-Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC) is a next-generation concrete with outstanding properties in the fresh and hardened state and superior dynamic properties to traditional concretes. This research focuses on the response of UHP-FRC wall panels under blast loading and presents the advantage of using UHP-FRC over traditional concrete in blast-resistant applications while proposing procedures for the practical analysis and design of UHP-FRC blast protection shields. These objectives are achieved through a two-phased experimental investigation and a comprehensive numerical study.</p>
<p> The first phase of the experimental program is conducted at Ryerson University. It includes static four-point load testing on six UHP-FRC one-way panels to investigate the effects of different reinforcement ratios (0%, 1%, and 2%) and fibre volumetric ratios (2% and 3%) on flexural response. The experimental results are used as reference static data for the dynamic shock tube testing. The second phase of the experimental program is conducted at the University of Ottawa using a blast load simulator (shock tube) to investigate the dynamic response of UHP-FRC panels to blast loading. Eight one-way simple supported panels of identical dimensions are tested. The parameters investigated are the steel reinforcement ratio (0%, 1%, and 2%), steel fibre volumetric ratio (2% and 3%), and concrete type (UHP-FRC vs. NSC and HSC). Furthermore, the study provides reference data for the validation of the numerical modelling. The test results showed that UHP-FRC outperformed traditional concrete by showing reduced fragmentation and higher ductility and energy absorption. Experimental results also showed that steel reinforcement is critical to the overall performance of the UHP-FRC panels.</p>
<p> The numerical investigation included the development of a new constitutive model suitable for UHP-FRC to be used with the concrete damage plasticity model (CDP) for finite element analysis. The numerical simulations are performed using the ABAQUS/Explicit[1] numerical platform. The model is validated against the experimental data from the current study and other published data from the literature, yielding good results. The developed numerical model is further used to conduct a comprehensive design optimization study on UHP-FRC wall panels. The parametric study provides guidelines for selecting optimum design parameters for UHP-FRC blast protection panels. </p>
Terapia espelho baseada em realidade virtual após acidente vascular cerebral: revisão sistemática de ensaios randomizados
Authors: Reis Emanuel Roger dos Santos , Santos Raynara Oliveira dos , Santana Camilla Gabrielly de Lima Sousa , Silva Tais Fernanda da , Silva Raissa Tamires da , Pedrosa Ana Karla da Silva Moura , Nascimento Natália Feitoza do 
Published: August 2022

Introdução: A terapia espelho (TE) tem sido recomendada para melhoria da funcionalidade após o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). A TE convencional demanda alta concentração e pode se tornar desmotivante, restringindo a participação ativa e engajamento do paciente, além de levar a alterações posturais e de equilíbrio. A TE baseada em realidade virtual (RV) tem por intuito minimizar estes déficits e facilitar o controle dos movimentos. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de intervenções de TE baseadas em RV em pacientes com disfunções motoras pós-AVC. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura, nas bases Pubmed, Embase, ICTRP, Cinahl, Medline e Lilacs. Resultados: Foram selecionados 6 ensaios controlados e randomizados. TE+RV demonstraram melhoria na marcha, equilíbrio, funcionalidade de membro superior, inferior e face, e reduziram as consequências negativas encontradas na TE convencional. Conclusão: Melhora das disfunções motoras pós-AVC na TE+RV, reduzindo as limitações observadas na TE convencional. Sugerem-se estudos futuros para desenvolver e validar abordagens de TE+RV com menor impacto financeiro.
La norma ISO 45001:2018 y la reducción de accidentabilidad en empresas resilientes. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Mena Mejía Sergio Antonio , Muyulema Allaica Juan Carlos , Bermeo García Marco Vinicio , Reyes Soriano Franklin Enrique 
Published: August 2022

Introducción. El Sistema de Gestión Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional (SG-SST) se encarga del bienestar de los trabajadores, previniendo y mejorando así la reducción de accidentes laborales centrada en la aplicación de la norma ISO 45001:2018. Estos desafíos existenciales requieren que las empresas encuentren formas de volverse más resistentes frente a tales complejidades. La resiliencia es la capacidad que poseen los sistemas y subsistemas para mantener tanto sus funciones como sus estructuras frente al cambio. Objetivo. Realizar una investigación mediante la revisión sistemática de literatura (RSL) para responder la interrogante de partida que indagó sobre ¿Como la norma ISO 45001:2018 incide en la reducción de accidentes? Metodología. La metodología se basó en una revisión y valoración de investigaciones previas a un periodo de cinco años, mediante la RSL, manejando motores de búsqueda como ScienceDirect, SciElo y Redalyc, tomando en consideración criterios rigurosos de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se resaltó que la norma ISO 45001:2018 tiene directamente relación con los trabajadores ya que se enfoca en el bienestar de los trabajadores, así mismo con las cláusulas muestra la importancia y los fundamentos en la norma. Conclusiones. Se concluyó que a través de la RSL se obtuvo la información precisa para el estudio lo cual el uso de esta herramienta permito destacar las cláusulas y a su vez la interrelación que tiene con la organización y los trabajadores, así mismo la importancia de la certificación y su funcionamiento óptimo en documentación e información detallada y a su vez sobre la resiliencia de las empresas donde se muestran el enfoque sobre los tres puntos críticos de las empresas (es decir recuperación, adaptación y vulnerabilidad) en entorno a las condiciones sometidas a diferentes siniestros dentro del SG-SST y que aporta el desarrollo sostenible.
MODEL LATIHAN ESTAFET SPEED TRAINING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KAPASISTAS PARU PEMAIN EKSTRAKURIKULER FUTSAL SMK GAJAH MADA
Authors: Sari Erisa Purnama , Mahfud Imam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the speed training relay training model with and without the ball on increasing lung capacity in extracurricular futsal players at SMK Gajah Mada. This study used an experimental method with "two groups pre-test-post-test". The population in this study were members of the futsal extracurricular at SMK Gajah Mada Bandar Lampung. The sample was divided into 2 groups using the ordinal pairing system. The test instrument used is the Bleep Test. This study used t-test analysis on the lung capacity of futsal extracurricular players at SMK Gajah Mada. Keywords: Relay, Extracurricular, Lung Capacity
Popularização das práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde
Authors: Agnolin Júlia Sonáglio , Hoffmann Gabriela , Barretta Jeana Cristina , Lutinski Junir Antônio 
Published: August 2022

As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PICS) representam um conjunto de sistemas terapêuticos que utilizam tecnologias que visam à prevenção de agravos e a recuperação da saúde. Essas práticas contribuem na redução dos gastos públicos e do uso dos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde. Diante da relevância das PICS, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a percepção e o uso das PICS pelos residentes do Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário com perguntas semiestruturadas acerca do perfil sociodemográfico dos indivíduos e aspectos que abrangem o uso das PICS no Sul do Brasil. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas de frequência para descrever os resultados. Também foi utilizado o teste Chi-quadrado para testar possíveis associações entre variáveis. O estudo contou com 213 participantes, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino e com entre 18 e 25 anos. A maioria dos participantes reconhece os benefícios na utilização das PICS, contudo, não têm o hábito de utilizá-las. Destaca-se a relevância da divulgação das PICS junto à população, assim como os seus benefícios encorajando à sua utilização e a promoção da saúde.
Atenção das equipes de saúde diante pacientes em estado crítico
Authors: Souza Lizandra Ellem Silva de , Mendonça Vinícius Rodrigues , Silva Marcelo Lima da , Oliveira Gerson Pedroso de , Silva Thayná Vasconcelos da , Silva Alexandro do Vale , Abreu Adriana Corrêa de , Brangioni Marina Stancoloviche Veiga , Bitu Nivea Tainá Ramos , Silva Enila Barreto Carvalho da 
Published: August 2022

Pacientes críticos são aqueles que se encontram com patologias que agravam seu estado de saúde trazendo a necessidade de um cuidado continuo e complexo para a melhora do seu quadro. Com isso as equipes de saúde estão responsáveis pelo cuidado a esses indivíduos. Estudo tem como objetivo identificar o papel das equipes de saúde na prestação de serviços a pacientes em estado crítico. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura com uma abordagem qualitativa. As bases de dados utilizadas para busca foram Scielo e Lilacs com uso dos descritores da saúde pacientes críticos AND equipe de saúde. Ocorreu nos meses de maio e junho de 2022. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos entre 2018 e 2022, nacionais e internacionais, com o idioma português ou em outros desde que tradução disponível para língua portuguesa. Os critérios de exclusão foram: estudos duplicados nas bases de dados, sem relevaria para o presente estudo e disponíveis apenas com pagamento. Também foram excluídas teses, trabalhos de conclusão de curso e resumos. As equipes de saúde estão totalmente ligadas ao cuidado com pacientes em estado crítico, estão responsáveis pela garantia da oferta de todos os meios que contribuam para sua melhora. O papel desses profissionais é em conjunto e deve ser discutido procurando a resolução das necessidades encontradas de cada pessoa em estado crítico.