bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological quality assessment of five common foods sold at different points of sale in Burkina-Faso
Authors: Compaore Muller Kiswendsida Abdou , Kpoda Stéphane Dissinviel , Bazie Raoul Bazoin Sylvain , Ouedraogo Marcelline , Valian Mahamady , Gampene Marie-Louise , Yakoro Alphonse , Nikiema Fulbert , Belemlougri Asseto , Meda Naamwin-So-Bawfu Romaric , Meda Naa-Imwine Stanislas Dimitri , Sanon Souleymane , Bande Moumouni , Hien Hervé , Barro Nicolas , Kabre Elie 
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present study was to assess the microbial quality of five ready-to-eat food such as bread, pasta, rice with sauce, beans and milk sold in five localities of Burkina Faso namely, Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Dakola, Cinkansé and Niangoloko. One hundred and one samples were collected and microbial quality were assessed by evaluating the food hygiene indicators such as total aerobic mesophilic flora, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, yeast and mould. Food safety indicators such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus were also tested for contamination. Samples were tested according to ISO guidelines for all parameters.
The results showed that 74 (73.27%) of samples were satisfactory while 15 (14.85%) were acceptable and 12 (11.88%) were not satisfactory according to international standards. Among the food safety indicators sought, Escherichia coli was detected in two samples and Bacillus cereus in four samples. Most of the analyzed food exhibited good hygiene behavior within the acceptable limits and the highest of not satisfactory rate was observed in milk powder and rice with sauce. Ouagadougou samples recorded the highest number of not satisfactory samples.
Despite the general quality was satisfactory, the presence of specific microorganisms such as coliforms is indicative of the poor hygiene surrounded these foods. It is therefore necessary to train and follow up the vendors in the handling of equipment, hand-washing practices and selling environment hygiene for better improvement of the quality of the street foods.
Cardiovascular risk factors, ethnicity and infection stone are independent factors associated with reduced renal function in renal stone formers
Authors: Choy Seow Huey , Nyanatay Selina Ann , Sothilingam Selvalingam , Malek Rohan , J. R. Sathiyananthan , Toh Charng Chee , Sundram Murali , Md Yusoff Noor Ashani , Nagappan Poongkodi , Kamaruzaman Shakirin , Yeoh Wei Sien , Ong Teng Aik , Lim Jasmine 
Published: April 2022

Background
Recent evidence suggested the link between nephrolithiasis and renal function impairment. We aimed to determine the renal function profile and potential factors associated with reduced renal function amongst renal stone formers in multi-ethnic Asians.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy between May 2015 and December 2019. Reduced renal function was defined as having estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Renal stone samples were collected and quantified using infrared spectroscopy. Potential factors associated with reduced renal function including age, ethnicity, educational level, history of diabetes, hypertension, gout, hydronephrosis, serum uric acid level, and type of renal stone were evaluated using univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results
A total of 1162 patients from a multi-ethnic population (Malays 67%, Chinese 19%, Indians 13% and indigenous people 1%) with median age of 57 years (Interquartile range 48–64) were enrolled in the study. Almost a third of patients were found with reduced renal function. Multivariable analysis showed that the odds of having reduced renal function increased with age, ethnicity, lower educational level, history of diabetes, hypertension, gout, bilateral hydronephrosis, elevated serum uric acid level and infection stone.

Conclusions
Reduced renal function varies between ethnicities and all age groups of renal stone formers. In addition to age and ethnicity, cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes and hypertension may also need to be taken into account in managing stone patients with reduced renal function.
“We can’t do without it”: Parent and call-handler experiences of video triage of children at a medical helpline
Authors: Gren Caroline , Egerod Ingrid , Linderoth Gitte , Hasselager Asbjoern Boerch , Frederiksen Marianne Sjølin , Folke Fredrik , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Cortes Dina , Gamst-Jensen Hejdi 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundPediatric out-of-hours calls are common, as parents worry and seek reassurance and shared responsibility. Nevertheless, most children assessed in this context are not seriously ill. Conventional telephone triage lacks visual cues and is further limited by third part communication in calls concerning children. We investigated implementation of video triage in two previous studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate 1) How video triage versus telephone triage in children was experienced by parents and call-handlers, and 2) call-handlers’ evaluation of the video triage projects.MethodsWe triangulated data from surveys and interviews in five sub-studies. Sub-study 1: Parents’ experience of video triage reported in closed-ended questionnaire items using quantitative analysis; Sub-study 2: Parents’ experience of video triage reported as questionnaire free-text using qualitative content analysis; Sub-study 3: Call-handlers’ experience of video triage reported in closed-ended questionnaire items using quantitative analysis; and Sub-studies 4 and 5: Individual interviews of call-handlers’ experience of 1) video triage using thematic analysis and 2) the video triage project using process evaluation.ResultsMost parents’ comments regarding video triage were positive (n = 164, 83%). Video triage was perceived as reassuring and reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings and unnecessary hospital visits. Call-handlers experienced that video triage improved patient assessment and caller reassurance. Some call-handlers complained that the time allocated for study participation was inadequate and requested a more accessible video set-up. Both parents and call-handlers were significantly more satisfied and reassured after video triage than after telephone triage and suggested video triage as a permanent option.ConclusionVideo triage was appreciated by parents and call-handlers and was recommended as a permanent option. The call-handlers suggested that designated time for participation in the studies would have been desirable in this busy call-center. We recommend video triage as a contemporary solution in out-of-hours service.
Effects of aging and exercise habits on blood flow profile of the ocular circulation
Authors: Liu Chihyun , Kobayashi Tatsuhiko , Shiba Tomoaki , Hayashi Naoyuki 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
We examined the effects of aging and exercise habits on the ocular blood flow (OBF) and its profiles throughout the optic nerve head region and choroidal area. We hypothesized that exercise habits reduce the stiffness of vessels in the ocular circulation, which generally increases with aging.

Methods
Participants in a medical checkup program (698 males and 192 females aged 28 to 80 years) were categorized into 2 groups (with and without exercise habits) based on participant self-reporting and the definition of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan (MHLW). OBF in the right eye was measured and analyzed using laser speckle flowgraphy. The blowout time (BOT), which is the time during which the blood flow is higher than half of the mean of the minimum and maximum signals during one heartbeat, was calculated as an index of the blood flow profile. BOT has been used as an indicator of the flexibility of blood vessels.

Results
BOT significantly decreased with aging. Neither the self-reported nor MHLW-based exercise habits significantly affected the ocular circulation.

Conclusion
These results indicate that the stiffness of the ocular vessels increases with aging, and this cannot be prevented by exercise habits.
Influence of advanced life support response time on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patient outcomes in Taipei
Authors: Chen Hsuan-An , Hsu Shuo-Ting , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Sim Shyh-Shyong , Chu Sheng-En , Yang Wen-Shuo , Chien Yu-Chun , Wang Yao-Cheng , Lee Bin-Chou , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan , Lin Hao-Yang , Ma Matthew Huei-Ming , Chiang Wen-Chu , Sun Jen-Tang 
Published: April 2022

Background
The association between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patient survival and advanced life support response time remained controversial. We aimed to test the hypothesis that for adult, non-traumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, a shorter advanced life support response time is associated with a better chance of survival. We analyzed Utstein-based registry data on adult, non-traumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Taipei from 2011 to 2015.

Methods
Patients without complete data, witnessed by emergency medical technicians, or with response times of ≥ 15 minutes, were excluded. We used logistic regression with an exposure of advanced life support response time. Primary and secondary outcomes were survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcomes (cerebral performance category ≤ 2), respectively. Subgroup analyses were based on presenting rhythms of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and witness status.

Results
A total of 4,278 cases were included in the final analysis. The median advanced life support response time was 9 minutes. For every minute delayed in advanced life support response time, the chance of survival to hospital discharge would reduce by 7% and chance of favorable neurological outcome by 9%. Subgroup analysis showed that a longer advanced life support response time was negatively associated with the chance of survival to hospital discharge among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with shockable rhythm and pulse electrical activity groups.

Conclusions
In non-traumatic, adult, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Taipei, a longer advanced life support response time was associated with declining odds of survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurologic outcomes, especially in patients presenting with shockable rhythm and pulse electrical activity.
Retinal biomarkers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A systematic review
Authors: Biffi Elena , Turple Zachary , Chung Jessica , Biffi Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD), a progressive degenerative disorder of small caliber cerebral vessels, represents a major contributor to stroke and vascular dementia incidence worldwide. We sought to conduct a systematic review of the role of retinal biomarkers in diagnosis and characterization of CSVD.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library Database, and Web of Science. We identified studies of sporadic CSVD (including CSVD not otherwise specified, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, and Hypertensive Arteriopathy) and the most common familial CSVD disorders (including CADASIL, Fabry disease, and MELAS). Included studies used one or more of the following tools: visual fields assessment, fundus photography, Optical Coherence Tomography and OCT Angiography, Fluorescein Angiography, Electroretinography, and Visual Evoked Potentials.

Results
We identified 48 studies of retinal biomarkers in CSVD, including 9147 cases and 12276 controls. Abnormalities in retinal vessel diameter (11 reports, n = 11391 participants), increased retinal vessel tortuosity (11 reports, n = 617 participants), decreased vessel fractal dimension (5 reports, n = 1597 participants) and decreased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (5 reports, n = 4509 participants) were the biomarkers most frequently associated with CSVD. We identified no reports conducting longitudinal retinal evaluations of CSVD, or systematically evaluating diagnostic performance.

Conclusion
Multiple retinal biomarkers were associated with CSVD or its validated neuroimaging biomarkers. However, existing evidence is limited by several shortcomings, chiefly small sample size and unstandardized approaches to both biomarkers’ capture and CSVD characterization. Additional larger studies will be required to definitively determine whether retinal biomarkers could be successfully incorporated in future research efforts and clinical practice.
The accuracy of clinician predictions of survival in the Prognosis in Palliative care Study II (PiPS2): A prospective observational study
Authors: Stone Patrick C. , Chu Christina , Todd Chris , Griffiths Jane , Kalpakidou Anastasia , Keeley Vaughan , Omar Rumana Z. , Vickerstaff Victoria 
Published: April 2022

Background
Prognostic information is important for patients with cancer, their families, and clinicians. In practice, survival predictions are made by clinicians based on their experience, judgement, and intuition. Previous studies have reported that clinicians’ survival predictions are often inaccurate. This study reports a secondary analysis of data from the Prognosis in Palliative care Study II (PiPS2) to assess the accuracy of survival estimates made by doctors and nurses.

Methods and findings
Adult patients (n = 1833) with incurable, locally advanced or metastatic cancer, recently referred to palliative care services (community teams, hospital teams, and inpatient palliative care units) were recruited. Doctors (n = 431) and nurses (n = 777) provided independent prognostic predictions and an agreed multi-professional prediction for each patient. Clinicians provided prognostic estimates in several formats including predictions about length of survival and probability of surviving to certain time points. There was a minimum follow up of three months or until death (whichever was sooner; maximum follow-up 783 days).
Agreed multi-professional predictions about whether patients would survive for days, weeks or months+ were accurate on 61.9% of occasions. The positive predictive value of clinicians’ predictions about imminent death (within one week) was 77% for doctors and 79% for nurses. The sensitivity of these predictions was low (37% and 35% respectively). Specific predictions about how many weeks patients would survive were not very accurate but showed good discrimination (patients estimated to survive for shorted periods had worse outcomes). The accuracy of clinicians’ probabilistic predictions (assessed using Brier’s scores) was consistently better than chance, improved with proximity to death and showed good discrimination between groups of patients with different survival outcomes.

Conclusions
Using a variety of different approaches, this study found that clinicians predictions of survival show good discrimination and accuracy, regardless of whether the predictions are about how long or how likely patients are to survive. Accuracy improves with proximity to death. Although the positive predictive value of estimates of imminent death are relatively high, the sensitivity of such predictions is relatively low. Despite limitations, the clinical prediction of survival should remain the benchmark against which any innovations in prognostication are judged.

Study registration
ISRCTN13688211. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13688211.
Структурообразование в образцах оксида висмута при воздействии синхротронного излучения
Authors: Shalaev P.O. , Kveglis L.I. , Zhereb V.P. , Bektasova G.S. , Bermeshev T.V. , Razumov N.I. 
Published: April 2022

In this work, samples of the δ-Bi2O3 phase are investigated. This phase is known as a solid electrolyte and has a very high ionic conductivity. The investigated structure formation is caused by synchrotron radiation (SR) directed to the surface of a δ-Bi2O3 crystal. SR differs from radiation received from other sources in its wide spectral range (from infrared to hard X-ray) and high intensity. Diffraction patterns obtained during the exposure process are decoded and studied in this work. The study reveals the polymorphism that forms a phase sample of δ-Bi2O3 under the action of SR as an example of a nonequilibrium transition. In complex compounds, the processes of redistribution of elements in the composition of microstructures are not yet understood due to the fact that radiation-enhanced phase formation is possible during irradiation. The texture found in the diffraction pattern can be explained as the result of the shock-wave load coming from the SR.
This process arises from a collection of optical phonons with different wavelengths. Deformations of the crystal lattice are created under a strong electron-phonon interaction. It leads to a displacement of atoms which is recorded during the decoding of the diffraction patterns.
Who Lost the Most? Mathematics Achievement during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Contini Dalit , Di Tommaso Maria Laura , Muratori Caterina , Piazzalunga Daniela , Schiavon Lucia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article estimates the effect of school closures in the spring of 2020 on the math skills of primary school children in Italy, which was the first Western country hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, responding with a strict lockdown and total school closures through the end of the school year. Leveraging unique longitudinal data collected in the province of Torino, a large metropolitan area in northern Italy, we analyse the learning outcomes of two adjacent cohorts of pupils, the pre-Covid and the Covid cohort. The pandemic had a large mean negative impact on pupils’ performance in mathematics (−0.19 standard deviations). Learning loss was greater for girls and for high-achieving children of low-educated parents. Net of individual characteristics, the impact was harshest in schools with a disadvantaged social composition.
IUPAC from A Young Chemist’s Perspective
Authors: Lann Yvonne Choo Shuen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When you hear the name of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), you would naturally be reminded of the chemical nomenclature you learned in chemistry class or textbooks. At that age, you may have resented the people who created such “complex” naming system to make life difficult for you as a student but as you get older, particularly when you are pursuing chemistry as a career be it in academia or industry, you learn to appreciate the standards that have been put in place to make life easier for you.
Biological reference interval of nitric oxide in health and disease
Authors: Ahirwar Ashok Kumar , Singh Archana , Bhattacharjee Jayashree 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
There is a need to develop reference interval of NO in health and disease.

Methods
Subjects aged between 25 and 55 years were drawn from a random sample of the north Indian population, based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Measurement of NO was done based on principle of greiss reaction.

Results
Reference interval of NO in healthy individual of age group 25–55 years was 21 ± 13.3 μM/L (n=350), Premenopausal women of age group 25–35 years was 12.7 ± 4.9 μM/L (n=180), Postmenopausal women of age group 40–55 years was 10.3 ± 3.84 μM/L (n=100) and healthy pregnant females of age group 25–35 years was 70.9 ± 15.95 μM/L (n=330). In pathological state group, reference interval of NO in metabolic syndrome cases of age group 25–55 years was 19.4 ± 15.3 μM/L (n=100), coronary artery disease patient of age group more than 35 years was 17.6 ± 10.8 μM/L (n=160), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of age group 25–30 years was 45.7 ± 7.2 μM/L (n=330), pre-eclampsia patient of age group 25–35 years was 39.8 ± 14.7 μM/L (n=200) and diabetic individuals of age group of more than 30 years was 15.5 ± 1.4 μM/L (n=50).

Conclusions
The reference intervals presented may be used for various research purposes. Based upon our study, reference interval for NO levels of various disease states like MetS, CAD, diabetes, PIH showed lower levels of NO compared to their respective healthy group due to shared etiopathologies with decreased NO levels.
A cross-mixing channel 3D-SAR micromixer with high mixing performance
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Yu Sicheng , Hu Zhou , Zhu Chenxi , Shi Jiakang , Babangida Abubakar Ahmad , Ge Daohan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As an important part of laboratory-on-a-chip (LOC) and micro-total analysis system (μTAS), micromixers are widely used in the fields of biological analysis and chemical synthesis. Most of them are used for the pretreatment of the detection and analysis system to realize the full mixing between the sample and the target to improve the accuracy of the inspection system. A new type of 3D-SAR micromixer with cross-channel structures was put forward after the systemic simulation by using CFD software. The mixing performance and mechanism of 3D-SAR micromixer with/without cross-mixing channel has been investigated with different Reynolds numbers (Re). The results show that the 3D-SAR micromixer with or without cross-mixing channel structures are of excellent mixing performance when the Re was high (Re > 50), and the mixing index is close to 1. While the concentration stratification of the two fluids in the cross-mixing channel (CMC) 3D-SAR micromixer is obviously better than that of no-cross-mixing channel (NCMC) 3D-SAR micromixer when Re is low (Re < 10). It is because the two fluids in the cross-mixing channel rotate counterclockwise at the mixing unit, which induces a vortex and increases the contact area between the two fluids. The mixing performance is greatly improved, and the mixing index at the outlet is more than 0.9. Meanwhile, in order to optimize the higher pressure drop of the CMC micromixer, a new 3D-SAR micromixer with the unbalanced-cross-mixing channel (UCMC) is proposed based on the CMC structure. This channel structure can meet the requirements of high mixing index and low-pressure drop at the same time, which is helpful to design and manufacture of new type micromixer.
Redetermination of the Fe–Pt phase diagram by using diffusion couple technique combined with key alloys
Authors: Wen Zunhong , Wang Yanglin , Wang Cong , Jiang Min , Li Hongxiao , Ren Yuping , Qin Gaowu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fe–Pt intermetallic nanocrystals exhibit good chemical stability and unique magnetic and catalytic properties. However, there are still some discrepancies with regard to the order–disorder transitions of Fe–Pt phases, and experimental works reported for the phase equilibria of Fe–Pt alloys at low temperatures are scarce. Therefore, in this work, the phase equilibria and phase transformations of Fe–Pt alloys were systematically studied by using the diffusion couple technique combined with key alloys through electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. As a result, the composition ranges of the ordered L12-Fe3Pt, L10-FePt and L12-FePt3 phases, especially at low temperatures, have been well determined, and the related invariant reactions have been evaluated. Finally, a revised Fe–Pt phase diagram has been proposed.