bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future changes in precipitation over the upper Yangtze River basin based on bias correction spatial downscaling of models from CMIP6
Authors: Wu Heng , Lei Huimin , Lu Weiwei , Liu Zhiwu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Global climate change will change the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, as well as the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation. The Yangtze River basin is one of the world’s largest basins, and understanding the future precipitation changes should be vital to flood control, water resources supply, and hydropower electricity generation in this basin. In this study, projected future characteristics of precipitation are analyzed in the upper Yangtze river basin (UYRB). To this end, based on the observed data from national meteorological stations, the bias correction spatial downscaling (BCSD) of five models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is carried out. Then, based on the results of multi model ensemble (MME), we find that, relative to the historical period (1988–2014), the mean annual precipitation in the whole UYRB during 2015–2064 increases by 4.23%, 1.11%, 1.24% under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5, respectively, and it increases more in the long term (2040-2064) than that in the near term (2015–2039). Under SSP1–2.6, the precipitation will increase more significantly, which means lower emission of aerosols and greenhouse gases may increase the risk of flood disaster in the future over the UYRB. Interdecadal precipitation variability is more intense than interannual precipitation variability. Future precipitation changes in four seasons are spatially heterogeneous under three scenarios. Three extreme precipitation indices, including R95p, Rx1day and R10 mm, generally increase in the UYRB. R95p and Rx1day increase more in the WR and YBYCR basins with relatively high mean annual precipitation than that in other three sub-basins. R10 mm changes slightly in all sub-basins. The results reveal that the lower region of the UYRB may face greater risk of extreme precipitation. This study provides a timely updated finding about future changes in precipitation in the UYRB based on more accurate climate projections and ground-based observation.
Particle swarm optimization of GaAs-AlGaAS nanowire photonic crystals as two-dimensional diffraction gratings for light trapping
Authors: Zagaglia Luca , Demontis Valeria , Rossella Francesco , Floris Francesco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Semiconductor nanowire ordered arrays represent a class of bi-dimensional photonic crystals that can be engineered to obtain functional metamaterials. Here is proposed a novel approach, based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm, for using such a photonic crystal concept to design a semiconductor nanowire-based two-dimensional diffraction grating able to guarantee an in-plane coupling for light trapping. The method takes into account the experimental constraints associated to the bottom-up growth of nanowire arrays, by processing as input dataset all relevant geometrical and morphological features of the array, and returns as output the optimised set of parameters according to the desired electromagnetic functionality of the metamaterial. A case of study based on an array of tapered GaAs-AlGaAs core–shell nanowire heterostructures is discussed.
Coherence of absolute integral closures
Authors: Patankar Shravan 
Published: March 2022

We prove that the absolute integral closure

R

+

R^{+}

of an equicharacteristic zero noetherian complete local domain

R
R

is not coherent, provided

dim
⁡
(
R
)
≥
2

\dim (R)\geq 2

. As a corollary, we give an elementary proof of the mixed characteristic version of the result due to Asgharzadeh and extend it to dimension

3
3

.
Comparison of Hydration Index, Percent Hydration, and Trans-Epidermal Water Loss Measurements for Dermal Exposure and Risk Assessment
Authors: Sahmel J , Ramachandran G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Skin hydration and the barrier properties of the stratum corneum have been reported to be influential factors in the potential for retention of solid and semi-solid substances on the skin surface. The measurement of these characteristics of the skin, however, remains relatively uncommon in exposure assessments performed by industrial or occupational hygienists, even when the focus of the assessment is exposure to the skin. This study provides measurements of skin hydration using multiple instruments and multiple relevant skin site locations for comparative analysis. Three different measurement metrics, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration index (HI), and percent hydration, were measured for 25 healthy volunteers at two different body locations for comparison: the center of the volar forearm, as previously recommended for interindividual comparison of hydration and barrier property measurements, and also the palmar tip of the index finger. The purpose of the comparative measurements was to allow for comparison between other published baseline volar forearm measurements and the palmar skin, which has not often been quantitatively assessed and reported in the literature, but is a relevant skin surface for sampling of the hands. This comparison will allow for consideration of the potential influence of palmar wipe sampling protocols on TEWL or skin hydration, and for the evaluation of the influence of skin hydration and TEWL on measured dermal transfer values. Collectively, the skin hydration levels and barrier properties at these two different measurement locations were found to be statistically significantly different, and as a result it is suggested that they be measured and recorded separately. Both measurement types and locations are likely to be important for the purposes of establishing skin hydration and health. Volar forearm measurements can also be important for understanding the underlying condition and barrier function of the skin, and palmar index finger measurements are necessary to understand the influence of both TEWL and skin hydration on quantitative dermal loading and transfer of solids and semi-volatile materials.
Movement of the Syringe During Filler Aspiration: An Ultrasound Study
Authors: Lin Frank , Goodman Greg J , Magnusson Mark , Callan Peter , Roberts Stefania , Hart Sarah , Rahman Eqram , McDonald Cara B , Liew Steven , Porter Cath , Corduff Niamh , Clague Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Aspiration prior to hyaluronic acid filler injection is often taught as a safety maneuver to minimize the risk of intravascular injection; however, the validity of this technique in aesthetic practice is being increasingly challenged. One key assumption underpinning the validity of the aspiration test is that the needle tip does not move during the aspiration and subsequent injection of filler.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to visualize and measure needle tip movement in real time during aspiration and injection of filler. Secondary objectives were to assess the impact of injector experience and double-handed versus single-handed aspiration technique in maintaining stability of the syringe.

Methods
Under real-time ultrasound visualization, 3 injectors with different levels of experience injected hyaluronic acid filler into pork belly tissue utilizing both double-handed and single-handed aspiration techniques. Needle tip movements were recorded and measured by means of ultrasound and video.

Results
The aspiration maneuver is in all cases associated with retrograde movement of the needle tip, ranging from 1.1 to 5.3 mm (mean, 2.9 mm), whereas injection leads to anterograde movement ranging from 0.6 to 4.1 mm (mean, 1.9 mm). Double-handed aspiration is associated with less needle tip movement than single-handed aspiration (P = 0.037). Greater experience is also associated less movement of the needle tip (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
In all cases, the aspiration and injecting maneuver is associated with micromovements of the needle tip, of a magnitude consistently significant relative to the typical size of facial vessels. Although needle tip movement is only a single factor limiting the usefulness of the aspiration test, the results of this study suggest that it is not advisable to rely only on aspiration as a method to prevent intravascular injection.
Local Infiltration of Tranexamic Acid During Facelift Improves Operating Room Efficiency: A Matched Patient Study
Authors: Coombs Demetrius M , Kwiecien Grzegorz J , Sinclair Nicholas R , Jin Alison , Zins James E 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTranexamic acid (TXA) has rapidly gained popularity in aesthetic surgery. Previous reports have suggested that TXA provides a dry surgical field and significantly reduces operating time during facelift surgery.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to build upon earlier findings by providing a large cohort matched alongside historic controls and more clearly document time saved when performing facelift surgery.MethodsA retrospective, single-surgeon case-control study was undertaken between July 2016 and October 2021. All patients underwent facelift surgery alone or in combination with fat transfer and perioral chemical peel. All patients received subcutaneous infiltration of 0.5% lidocaine/1:200,000 epinephrine with or without 1 or 2 mg/mL TXA. Patient demographics, TXA dose, surgical time, and minor and major complications were examined.ResultsIn total 145 consecutive patients were identified: 73 in Group 1 (no-TXA) and 72 in Group 2 (TXA). No differences in terms of gender distribution (P = 0.75), age (P = 0.54), BMI (P = 0.18), frequency of secondary rhytidectomy (P = 0.08), rate of ancillary lipografting (P = 0.44), TXA dose (P = 0.238), and minor complication rate (P = 0.56) were observed. However, mean surgical time in the no-TXA group was 21 minutes longer than in the TXA group (P = 0.016). Six patients (8%) in the no-TXA group experienced minor complications vs 8 patients (11%) in the TXA group. No patients experienced major complications.ConclusionsAlthough previous studies have highlighted the potential benefits of TXA in aesthetic surgery, most of the data remain subjective and non-validated. This report adds to the objective body of evidence supporting TXA in facial aesthetic surgery by documenting time saved in the operating room without additional surgical morbidity.Level of Evidence: 4
LMPred: predicting antimicrobial peptides using pre-trained language models and deep learning
Authors: Dee William 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are increasingly being used in the development of new therapeutic drugs in areas such as cancer therapy and hypertension. Additionally, they are seen as an alternative to antibiotics due to the increasing occurrence of bacterial resistance. Wet-laboratory experimental identification, however, is both time-consuming and costly, so in silico models are now commonly used in order to screen new AMP candidates.

Results
This paper proposes a novel approach for creating model inputs; using pre-trained language models to produce contextualized embeddings, representing the amino acids within each peptide sequence, before a convolutional neural network is trained as the classifier. The results were validated on two datasets—one previously used in AMP prediction research, and a larger independent dataset created by this paper. Predictive accuracies of 93.33% and 88.26% were achieved, respectively, outperforming previous state-of-the-art classification models.

Availability and implementation
All codes are available and can be accessed here: https://github.com/williamdee1/LMPred_AMP_Prediction.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
InParanoid-DIAMOND: faster orthology analysis with the InParanoid algorithm
Authors: Persson Emma , Sonnhammer Erik L L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Summary
Predicting orthologs, genes in different species having shared ancestry, is an important task in bioinformatics. Orthology prediction tools are required to make accurate and fast predictions, in order to analyze large amounts of data within a feasible time frame. InParanoid is a well-known algorithm for orthology analysis, shown to perform well in benchmarks, but having the major limitation of long runtimes on large datasets. Here, we present an update to the InParanoid algorithm that can use the faster tool DIAMOND instead of BLAST for the homolog search step. We show that it reduces the runtime by 94%, while still obtaining similar performance in the Quest for Orthologs benchmark.

Availability and implementation
The source code is available at (https://bitbucket.org/sonnhammergroup/inparanoid).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fixation and preservation contribute to distortion in vertebrate museum specimens: a 10-year study with the lizardAnolis sagrei
Authors: Maayan Inbar , Reynolds R Graham , Goodman Rachel M , Hime Paul M , Bickel Ryan , Luck E Allen , Losos Jonathan B 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPreservation of museum specimens depends on chemical fixation and preservation, processes that might distort the original material. Relatively few studies have examined the effects of preservation in potentially susceptible soft-bodied taxa, such as herpetofauna, and those that have rarely extend over more than a few months. We collected six common morphological measurements from the same set of radiographed specimens of the Neotropical lizard Anolis sagrei over nearly 10 years to investigate whether morphometric changes result from fixation in formalin and/or subsequent long-term preservation in ethanol. Snout–vent length declined by 3.5% on average over 10 years, starting almost immediately with fixation and continuing to decline during fluid preservation, eventually levelling off at 40 weeks and beyond. The mostly ossified component of snout–vent length, spine length, declined by 2% on average, but the decline did not begin until fluid preservation commenced and continued throughout the duration of the study. Other characters showed significant decline over the course of the study. Our findings suggest caution when combining fresh and preserved specimens or specimens of different preservation ages, because a decline in snout–vent length but not in other allometrically proportional characters will introduce error when correcting characters for body size in preserved animals.
An Update on Laboratory-Based Diagnostic Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis and Beyond
Authors: Saadeh Ruba S , Ramos Paola A , Algeciras-Schimnich Alicia , Flanagan Eoin P , Pittock Sean J , Willrich Maria Alice 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disease in which analysis of clinical presentation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests aid in diagnosis.ContentThis review discusses laboratory tests ordered to rule out and rule in MS, such as the traditional measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG index and oligoclonal bands. Biomarkers discovered in the past 2 decades, such as aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies, have been incorporated into clinical practice in the diagnosis of disorders referred to as MS mimics. The importance of test selection, assay methodology, optimal sample for testing, and diagnostic utility of these biomarkers is reviewed. Other laboratory testing that can aid in the differentiation between MS and these biomarker-defined CNS demyelinating diseases is described. There is a focus on emerging biomarkers such as the use of kappa immunoglobulin free light chain concentration in CSF and kappa CSF index measurement as an alternative to oligoclonal bands which has a potential for an improvement in laboratory workflows. Finally, the role of biomarkers of disease activity and prognosis are discussed, including neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein. Future perspectives with improved laboratory testing tools and discovery of additional biomarkers are provided.SummaryLaboratory testing for demyelinating disorders using CSF and serum are routine practices that can benefit from an update, as novel biomarker-defined entities have reduced the potential for MS misdiagnosis, and CSF/serum biomarkers reinstated in the diagnostic criteria of MS.
Sublethal pesticide exposure influences behaviour, but not condition in a widespread Australian lizard
Authors: Contador-Kelsall Isabella , Maute Kimberly , Story Paul , Hose Grant C , French Kristine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Assessment of non-target impacts of pesticides used widely in agriculture and pest management rarely considers reptiles. Despite their integral role in all ecosystems, particularly arid ecosystems, reptiles are not included in risk assessments. Two pesticides used in agricultural pest management are fipronil and fenitrothion. Here, we used a field-based BACI design experiment in semi-arid Australia to investigate the impact of these pesticides on basic physiological and behavioural parameters of a common arid-zone lizard species, Pogona vitticeps. Fipronil and fenitrothion were applied at ecologically relevant doses via oral gavage. Before and after dosing, blood, physical activity and body condition parameters were assessed. We found that temperature significantly influenced lizard activity in the morning period of movement; however, fipronil-treated individuals moved at least 49% less than fenitrothion-treated and control lizards from 7 days after dosing through to the end of the experiment. Physiological measures did not change significantly before or after exposure to both pesticides; however, other indicators showed evidence of exposure, which remained for the entirety of our monitoring period. On average, cholinesterase inhibition was still &gt;30% compared with control lizards at the end of 4 weeks, and fipronil sulfone blood residues remained at 0.219 μg/ml. Our study provides novel insights into the impacts that common pesticides have on widespread lizard species. We show that an ecologically relevant low dose of fipronil alters the behaviour of P. vitticeps, which has the potential to impact longer-term survivability. Persistence of both pesticides in the blood of all treatment lizards throughout the experiment indicates they are unable to clear these toxins within a month of being exposed. This may be significant for compounding exposure and latent toxicity. These findings highlight the susceptibility that reptiles have to a selection of common pesticides and the inherent need for higher prominence in wildlife ecotoxicological research.
High-circulating gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with poor prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Yang Yicheng , Zeng Qixian , Gao Jianing , Yang Beilan , Zhou Jingjing , Li Ke , Li Li , Wang Anxin , Li Xin , Liu Zhihong , Luo Qin , Zhao Zhihui , Liu Bingyang , Xue Jing , Jiang Xue , Konerman Matthew C , Zheng Lemin , Xiong Changming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to examine the hypothesis that circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels serve as a biomarker in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and to determine whether 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB), a TMAO inhibitor, exerted a protective effect in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats.

Methods and results
In-patients with PAH were prospectively recruited from the Fuwai Hospital. Fasting blood samples were obtained to assess the TMAO levels and other laboratory values during the initial and second hospitalization. In a MCT-induced PAH rat, a normal diet and water supplemented with or without 1% DMB were administered for 4 weeks. The TMAO levels, haemodynamic examinations, changes in organ-tissue, and molecular levels were evaluated. In total, 124 patients with PAH were enrolled in this study. High TMAO levels were correlated with increased disease severity and poor prognosis even after adjusting for confounders. The TMAO levels in the rats decreased in the MCT + DMB group, accompanied by improved haemodynamic parameters, decreased right ventricular hypertrophy, and amelioration of pulmonary vascular remodelling. The decrease in abnormal apoptosis, excessive cell proliferation, transforming growth factor-β expression, and restoration of endothelial nitric oxide synthase after DMB treatment further explained the amelioration of PAH.

Conclusion
Increased TMAO levels were associated with poor prognosis in patients with PAH, and DMB played a protective effect in MCT-induced PAH rat.
Layer-specific Nos3 expression and genotypic distribution in bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy
Authors: Hill Jennifer C , Billaud Marie , Richards Tara D , Kotlarczyk Mary P , Shiva Sruti , Phillippi Julie A , Gleason Thomas G 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We hypothesized that expression and activity of nitric oxide synthase-3 enzyme (Nos3) in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) aortopathy are related to tissue layer and Nos3 genotype.

METHODS
Gene expression of Nos3 and platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (Pecam1) and NOS activity were measured in intima-containing media and adventitial specimens of ascending aortic tissue. The presence of 2 Nos3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; −786T/C and 894G/T) was determined for non-aneurysmal (NA) and aneurysmal patients with BAV (n = 40, 89, respectively); patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and aneurysm (n = 151); and NA patients with TAV (n = 100).

RESULTS
Elevated Nos3 relative to Pecam1 and reduced Pecam1 relative to a housekeeping gene were observed within intima-containing aortic specimens from BAV patients when compared with TAV patients. Lower Nos3 in the adventitia of aneurysmal specimens was noted when compared with specimens of NA aorta, independent of valve morphology. NOS activity was similar among cohorts in media/intima and decreased in the diseased adventitia, relative to control patients. Aneurysmal BAV patients exhibited an under-representation of the wild-type genotype for −786 SNP. No differences in genotype distribution were noted for 894 SNP. Primary intimal endothelial cells from patients with at least 1 C allele at −786 SNP exhibited lower Nos3 when compared with wild-type cells.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings of differential Nos3 in media/intima versus adventitia depending on valve morphology or aneurysm reveal new information regarding aneurysmal pathophysiology and support our ongoing assertion that there are distinct mechanisms giving rise to ascending aortopathy in BAV and TAV patients.
The genome sequence of the lesser marbled fritillary, Brenthis ino, and evidence for a segregating neo-Z chromosome
Authors: Mackintosh Alexander , Laetsch Dominik R , Baril Tobias , Foster Robert G , Dincă Vlad , Vila Roger , Hayward Alexander , Lohse Konrad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lesser marbled fritillary, Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775), is a species of Palearctic butterfly. Male Brenthis ino individuals have been reported to have between 12 and 14 pairs of chromosomes, a much-reduced chromosome number than is typical in butterflies. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for Brenthis ino, as well as gene and transposable element annotations. The assembly is 411.8 Mb in length with a contig N50 of 9.6 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 29.5 Mb. We also show evidence that the male individual from which we generated HiC data was heterozygous for a neo-Z chromosome, consistent with inheriting 14 chromosomes from one parent and 13 from the other. This genome assembly will be a valuable resource for studying chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera, as well as for comparative and population genomics more generally.