bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritubular Capillaritis in Native Kidney Biopsies
Authors: Sarioglu Sulen , Tekin Emel , Unlu Mehtat , Yildiz Serkan , Heybeli Cihan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the frequency and predictors of peritubular capillaritis (PTCitis) among native kidney biopsies.

Methods
Consecutive native kidney biopsies of 169 patients were reexamined for capturing possible PTCitis according to the Banff Classification. The relation of PTCitis with demographic and clinicopathologic findings was evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of PTCitis.

Results
Peritubular capillaritis was captured in 90 (53.3%) patients, with scores of 1, 2, and 3 in 57 (33.7%), 31 (18.3%), and 2 (1.2%) patients, respectively. The highest frequency of PTCitis was observed in pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. In univariate analysis, male sex, the presence of interstitial inflammation, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, and a higher serum creatinine level were associated with a higher risk of PTCitis, while severe interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy was associated with a lower risk. The presence of interstitial inflammation (odds ratio [OR], 5.94 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.41-25.03]; P = .015), pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (OR, 3.08 [95% CI, 1.01-9.36]; P = .048), and a higher serum creatinine level (per 1 mg/dL) (OR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.14-2.11]; P = .005) were independent predictors of PTCitis development in a multivariate regression model.

Conclusions
Peritubular capillaritis is common in native biopsies and more likely to be observed in the presence of interstitial inflammation, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, and a higher serum creatinine level.
Subsidiarity and the Criminal Jury
Authors: Plaxton Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The institution of trial-by-jury is a puzzle in the modern criminal justice system. It has dubious merits as a mechanism for applying facts to law. If anything, it represents a challenge to the very idea that decision-making should be consistent and transparent. Yet the emphasis on the relative ineffectiveness and inefficiency of the jury as a trier of fact may miss the point. The jury does not function merely as a verdict-generating machine, or as a procedural safeguard for individual defendants. It ensures that the local community, with its customs, norms, and ways of life, is not simply trampled upon by a remote federal legislature. The legitimizing significance of the jury, in other words, arguably lies in its role as a kind of law-finder. With this in mind, we may do better to view it, not principally as a liberal institution, but as a manifestation of the principle of subsidiarity.
Algorisms used for in silico finishing of bacterial genomes based on short-read assemblage implemented in GenoFinisher, AceFileViewer, and ShortReadManager
Authors: Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Hirose Yuu , Nagata Yuji 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
In these days, for bacterial genome sequence determination, ultralong reads with homopolymeric troubles are used in combinations with short reads, resulting in genomic sequences with possible incorrect uniformity of repeat sequences. We have been determining complete bacterial genomic sequences based on NGS short reads and Newbler assemblage by utilizing functions implemented in 3 software GenoFinisher, AceFileViewer, and ShortReadManager without conducting additional experiments for gap closing, proving the concept that NGS short reads enclose enough information to determine complete genome sequences. Although some manual in silico tasks are to be conducted, they will ultimately be solved in a single pipeline. In this review, we describe the tools and implemented ideas that have enabled complete sequence determination solely based on short reads, which would be useful for establishing the basis for the future development of a short-read-based assembler that enables complete and accurate genome sequence determination at a lower cost.
Transport engineering using tobacco transporter NtJAT1 enhances alkaloid production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yamada Yasuyuki , Nakagawa Akira , Sato Fumihiko , Minami Hiromichi , Shitan Nobukazu 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Transporters have been used in the production of plant metabolites in microorganisms. This study introduced a tobacco multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter, NtJAT1, into alkaloid-producing Escherichia coli cells. NtJAT1 expression enhanced alkaloid production secretion into the medium by 14-fold. Our findings further demonstrate the usefulness of the transport engineering approach.
Modified ligation procedure for prolapsed haemorrhoids versus stapled haemorrhoidectomy for the management of symptomatic haemorrhoids (MoLish): randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yang Haibo , Shi Zhan , Chen Wei , Chen Teng , Ding Peilin , Wang Jandong , Gao Jiazhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare a modified ligation procedure versus stapled haemorrhoidectomy (SH) in patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids.

Methods
This randomized trial included patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids treated in Shanghai from May 2018 to September 2021. Eligible patients were randomly 1:1 assigned the modified ligation procedure for prolapsed haemorrhoids (MLPPH) and SH groups. The primary outcome was the assessment of efficacy at 6 months after the intervention. The operating time, incidence of complications, clinical effectiveness (pain, Wexner incontinence, haemorrhoid symptom severity (HSS) scores, and 6-month cure rate) were collected, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were adopted as indicator for the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA).

Results
Out of 187 patients screened, 133 patients were randomized (67 for MLPPH and 66 for SH). One patient in the MLPPH group was excluded, and two patients were lost to follow-up. The mean operating time was longer in MLPPH than in SH (57.42 min versus 30.68 min; P &lt; 0.001). The median pain score was higher in SH than in MLPPH at postoperative day 3 (P = 0.018), day 7(P = 0.013), and day 14 (P = 0.003). The median Wexner incontinence score was higher in SH than in MLPPH at postoperative month 1 (P = 0.036) and month 3 (P = 0.035), but was similar in the two groups at month 6. In addition, the median HSS score was lower in MLPPH than in SH 6 months after surgery (P = 0.003). The 6-month cure rate was higher in MLPPH than in SH (P = 0.003). CEA showed lower mean costs in MLPPH than in SH (EUR 1080.24 versus EUR 1657.97; P &lt; 0.001) but there was no significant difference in effectiveness (P = 0.181). However, MLPPH was cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, −120 656.19 EUR/QALYs).

Conclusion
MLPPH was documented as a longer but cost-effective procedure, it provided lower short-term pain, and Wexner and HSS scores.
Registration number: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800015928 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx).
International Social Work: Cross-Cultural Supervision of Interns from the West in India
Authors: Devassy Saju Madavanakadu , Thampi Kiran , Harrison Jennifer , Scaria Lorane , Metzger Jed , Joubert Lynette 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Social work practice in a global context requires an understanding of the cross-cultural nature of practice settings in local communities and globally. One step to developing this understanding of the internationalisation of social work education, including the student internship, is to incorporate supervision by local practitioners and educators. A qualitative interview study of fourteen social work students from Australia, New Zealand, Europe and the USA completing internships in the Southwest Indian state of Kerala revealed themes of increased practice knowledge, practice skills, understanding of cross-cultural values and ethics, critical reflection and research skills development as a result of reflexive supervision provided to them by practitioners in their internship agencies and faculty from their host and home institutions. This challenging of views within one’s own culture, promoted by supervision, leads to increased capacity to engage in critical anti-oppressive practice amongst social workers.
Disruption of cellular iron homeostasis by IREB2 missense variants causes severe neurodevelopmental delay, dystonia and seizures
Authors: Maio Nunziata , Saneto Russell P. , Steet Richard , Sotero de Menezes Marcio A. , Skinner Cindy , Rouault Tracey A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Altered brain iron homeostasis can contribute to neurodegeneration by interfering with the delivery of the iron needed to support key cellular processes, including mitochondrial respiration, synthesis of myelin and essential neurotransmitters. Intracellular iron homeostasis in mammals is maintained by two homologous ubiquitously expressed iron-responsive element-binding proteins (IRP1 and IRP2). Using exome sequencing, two patients with severe neurodegenerative disease and bi-allelic mutations in the gene IREB2 were first identified and clinically characterized in 2019. Here, we report the case of a 7-year-old male patient with compound heterozygous missense variants in IREB2, whose neurological features resembled those of the two previously reported IRP2-deficient patients, including a profound global neurodevelopmental delay and dystonia. Biochemical characterization of a lymphoblast cell line derived from the patient revealed functional iron deficiency, altered post-transcriptional regulation of iron metabolism genes and mitochondrial dysfunction. The iron metabolism abnormalities of the patient cell line were reversed by lentiviral-mediated restoration of IREB2 expression. These results, in addition to confirming the essential role of IRP2 in the regulation of iron metabolism in humans, expand the scope of the known IRP2-related neurodegenerative disorders and underscore that IREB2 pathological variants may impact the iron-responsive element-binding activity of IRP2 with varying degrees of severity. The three severely affected patients identified so far all suffered from complete loss of function of IRP2, raising the possibility that individuals with significant but incomplete loss of IRP2 function may develop less severe forms of the disease, analogous to other human conditions that present with a wide range of phenotypic manifestations.
Liver tumor-initiating cells initiate the formation of a stiff cancer stem cell microenvironment niche by secreting LOX
Authors: Zhao Wei , Lv Mengzhu , Yang Xueying , Zhou Jing , Xing Baocai , Zhang Zhiqian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that the traits of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are controlled by the microenvironment niches (MENs), but the composition and remodeling mechanisms of the MENs of TICs are poorly defined. Here, we report that the voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ1 subunit-positive TICs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specifically secret lysyl oxidase (LOX), which leads to the cross-linking of collagen, forming a stiff extracellular matrix (ECM) that is sufficient to drive the formation of TICs with a stiff mechanical trait and is subsequently required for the maintenance the properties of HCC TICs. Furthermore, the cross-linked collagen results in the upregulation of integrin α7 (ITGA7), increased phosphorylation of FAK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Inhibition of ITGA7 abolishes all the effects of cross-linked collagen mediated by LOX. Hence, the α2δ1+ HCC TICs initiate ECM remodeling by secreting LOX to create a stiff MEN of TIC with cross-linked collagen, which drives the acquisition and subsequent maintenance of the properties of HCC TICs through ITGA7-FAK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults: Case Finding Through Systematic Review of Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Melgar Michael , Haston Julia , DeCuir Jennifer , Cheng Qi , Arnold Kathryn E , Meng Lu , Murphy David J , Overton Elizabeth , Hollberg Julie , Tobin-D’Angelo Melissa , Patel Pragna , Campbell Angela P , Godfred-Cato Shana , Belay Ermias D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a severe condition temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we applied the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) case definition to identify diagnosed and undiagnosed MIS-A cases among adults discharged during April 2020–January 2021 from 4 Atlanta, Georgia hospitals affiliated with a single medical center. Non–MIS-A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalizations were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification encounter code U07.1. We calculated the ratio of MIS-A to COVID-19 hospitalizations, compared demographic characteristics of the 2 cohorts, and described clinical characteristics of MIS-A patients.

Results
We identified 11 MIS-A cases, none of which were diagnosed by the treatment team, and 5755 COVID-19 hospitalizations (ratio 1:523). Compared with patients with COVID-19, patients with MIS-A were more likely to be younger than 50 years (72.7% vs 26.1%, P &lt; .01) and to be non-Hispanic Black (81.8% vs 50.0%, P = .04). Ten patients with MIS-A (90.9%) had at least 1 underlying medical condition. Two MIS-A patients (18.2%) had a previous episode of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, occurring 37 and 55 days prior to admission. All MIS-A patients developed left ventricular systolic dysfunction. None had documented mucocutaneous involvement. All required intensive care, all received systemic corticosteroids, 8 (72.7%) required mechanical ventilation, 2 (18.2%) required mechanical cardiovascular circulatory support, and none received intravenous immunoglobulin. Two (18.2%) died or were discharged to hospice.

Conclusions
MIS-A is a severe but likely underrecognized complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Improved recognition of MIS-A is needed to quantify its burden and identify populations at highest risk.
External finance, subordinated financialisation: a reflection on Argentina’s currency flights in the last three decades
Authors: Lampa Roberto , Tavasci Daniela , Ventimiglia Luigi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We use the example of Argentina to argue that the changing characteristics of developing countries’ financial integration may have reinforced the old dynamics of subordination and reliance upon external finance where large firms, foreign and domestic, engage in practices that allow for securing their surplus abroad in precious hard currency. Financial practices and openness have allowed these firms to navigate through the multiple interconnections between financial and productive spheres, resulting in extraordinary profits, which have been systematically remitted abroad, political and trade cycles notwithstanding. We find that rather than setting against investment and financial speculation, financialisation in Argentina highlights that both capital and exchange market volatility have also been triggered by industrial investment and the subsequent financial re-investment of profits in the international markets. We conclude with policy recommendations to attempt to lessen the effect of monetary subordination and capital dependence.
Aortic valve fenestration: respect it or fix it?
Authors: Shraer Nathanael , Youssefi Pouya , Monin Jean-Luc , Berrebi Alain , Mankoubi Leila , Noghin Milena , Debauchez Mathieu , Lansac Emmanuel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We investigated whether aortic valve fenestrations (respected or fixed) represent a factor associated with recurrent aortic insufficiency or reoperation after repair.

METHODS
Between 2003 and 2019, patients who underwent aortic valve repair were included. Aortic insufficiency phenotypes were root aneurysm (repair: root remodelling + annuloplasty), ascending aorta aneurysm (repair: tubular aortic replacement + annuloplasty) and isolated regurgitation (repair: single/double annuloplasty). Fenestrations were either respected or fixed according to their features.

RESULTS
A total of 618 patients (out of 798 operated on; 77.4%) had their valve repaired, with 167 cases of fenestrations (128 were respected, 39 fixed—32 with a patch, 6 with running suture and 1 with both). After conducting propensity score matching between no-fenestration (n = 167) and fenestration groups (n = 167), respectively, we noted the following: survival [90.3% (n = 7 deaths) vs 95.8% (n = 4)], cumulative incidence of reoperation [6.7% (n = 7) vs 5.2% (n = 4)], aortic insufficiency grade ≥ 3 [6.4% (n = 6) vs 4.4% (n = 4)] and grade ≥ 2 [28.9% (n = 28) vs 37.1% (n = 35)] were similar at 9 years [P = 0.94; median follow-up: 2.2, interquartile range: (0.8, 5.8)], whether fenestration was respected (P = 0.55) or fixed (P = 0.6, at 6 years). Standardization of the surgical approach (consisting of double annuloplasty in isolated regurgitation phenotype and expansible subvalvular annuloplasty with effective height assessment with remodelling repair for root aneurysm phenotype) reduced the risk of reoperation (era before standardization: hazard ratio: 5.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–15.7, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
Fenestration, respected or fixed, is not a factor associated with reoperation or recurrence of significant aortic insufficiency after valve repair if the surgical approach is standardized.
Voice under Domination: Notes on the Making and Significance of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
Authors: Gradoni Lorenzo , Pasquet Luca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In 2018, a transnational coalition led by La Vía Campesina, a 200-million-strong peasants’ organization, managed to have the United Nations General Assembly adopt the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP). The present article examines selected aspects of the law-making process that led to the Declaration, focusing on the stiff resistance encountered by the peasants’ struggle for equality. As the most controversial UN-sponsored human rights instrument ever, the UNDROP intrudes deeply into the field of relations of production and market structures and applies to billions worldwide, including the great majority of the population in least developed countries. Framed as a case study of a voice under domination in international law, the article retrieves what the oppressed were not allowed to say through the language of international human rights law and describes how they responded to this impediment. It argues that UNDROP fits into a law-making tradition rooted in the decolonization process, reinvigorates it and channels it in new directions. UNDROP combines NIEO-inspired measures and human rights law in a way that seems to achieve much more than the elusive Declaration on the Right to Development. Its non-consensual adoption and radical content also point to a possible alternative to the absorption of the political process concerning the right to development into the a-conflictual logic of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Return-to-work and rehabilitation needs in cardiac arrest survivors: an exploratory cross-sectional study
Authors: Christensen Jan , Winkel Bo Gregers , Eskildsen Signe Janum , Gottlieb Rikke , Hassager Christian , Wagner Mette Kirstine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPatient-reported return-to-work and job functioning 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge and received rehabilitation interventions and unmet rehabilitation needs were explored in a consecutive population of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. Patients working prior to cardiac arrest were invited to participate in a telephone administered survey. Thirty-eight surveys were conducted and included for analysis, equivalent to a minimum response rate of 95%. Survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest had extensive challenges returning to work. Six- and 12-months post-arrest, 58% and 45% were respectively on full time sick leave or working notably less (&gt;10 h/week) and with extensive unmet rehabilitation needs.
The Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 DNA Repair Clamp is Found in Microsporidia
Authors: Mascarenhas dos Santos Anne Caroline , Julian Alexander Thomas , Pombert Jean-François 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDNA repair is an important component of genome integrity and organisms with reduced repair capabilities tend to accumulate mutations at elevated rates. Microsporidia are intracellular parasites exhibiting high levels of genetic divergence postulated to originate from the lack of several proteins, including the heterotrimeric Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 DNA repair clamp. Microsporidian species from the Encephalitozoonidae have undergone severe streamlining with small genomes coding for about 2,000 proteins. The highly divergent sequences found in Microsporidia render functional inferences difficult such that roughly half of these 2,000 proteins have no known function. Using a structural homology-based annotation approach combining protein structure prediction and tridimensional similarity searches, we found that the Rad9–Rad1–Hus1 DNA clamp is present in Microsporidia, together with many other components of the DNA repair machinery previously thought to be missing from these organisms. Altogether, our results indicate that the DNA repair machinery is present and likely functional in Microsporidia.
One Diagnosis, Two Perspectives: Lived Experiences of Persons With Young-Onset Dementia and Their Care-Partners
Authors: Popok Paula J , Reichman Mira , LeFeber Lisa , Grunberg Victoria A , Bannon Sarah M , Vranceanu Ana-Maria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Young-onset dementias (YODs) are a set of progressive illnesses that are stressful for both persons with the diagnosis and their care-partners. Although the stressors differ based on their roles and individual experiences, both individuals are at risk for heightened emotional distress (e.g., depression and anxiety). Understanding the unique stressors for each partner and adaptive coping strategies to manage these stressors is important for informing individual and couples-based psychosocial interventions.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted open-ended individual interviews with persons with YOD (N = 12) and their care-partners (i.e., romantic partner; N = 17) over live video. We utilized a hybrid of deductive and inductive analysis techniques to extract individual-level themes and subthemes regarding stressors and adaptive coping strategies.

Results
Persons with YOD identified stressors including burden of YOD symptoms, loss of familial roles, resentment toward partner, isolation, and fear of the future. Care-partners identified stressors including managing their partners’ symptoms, increased responsibilities, caregiving role, loss of intimacy, social isolation, and grief. For adaptive coping strategies, persons with YOD endorsed use of acceptance, promotion of independence, social support, and engaging in pleasurable activities. Care-partners endorsed value of learning about the diagnosis, using resources, optimism, social support, and self-care.

Discussion and Implications
Findings highlight the unique experiences of persons with YOD and their care-partners. Identified themes can be used to inform role-specific psychosocial interventions for both individuals and couples coping with YOD.