bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradigm versus paradox on the prairie: testing competing stream fish movement frameworks using an imperiled Great Plains minnow
Authors: Steffensmeier Zachary D. , Wedgeworth Maeghen , Yancy Lauren , Santee Noah , Brewer Shannon K. , Perkin Joshuah S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Movement information can improve conservation of imperiled species, yet movement is not quantified for many organisms in need of conservation. Prairie chub (Macrhybopsis australis) is a regionally endemic freshwater fish with unquantified movement ecology and currently considered for listing under the Endangered Species Act. The purpose of this study was to test competing ecological theories for prairie chub movement, including the colonization cycle hypothesis (CCH) that posits adults must make upstream movements to compensate for downstream drift at early life stages, and the restricted movement paradigm (RMP) that describes populations as heterogeneous mixes of mostly stationary and few mobile fish.

Methods
We tagged prairie chub with visible implant elastomer during the summer (May–August) of 2019 and 2020 to estimate net distance moved (m) and movement rate (m/d). We tested the hypotheses that observed prairie chub movement would be greater than expected under the RMP and that prairie chub movement would be biased in an upstream direction as predicted by the CCH.

Results
We tagged 5771 prairie chub and recaptured 213 individuals across 2019 and 2020. The stationary and mobile components of the prairie chub population moved an order of magnitude further and faster than expected under the RMP during both years. However, we found only limited evidence of upstream bias in adult prairie chub movement as would be expected under the CCH.

Conclusions
Our findings are partly inconsistent with the RMP and the CCH, and instead closely follow the drift paradox (DP), in which upstream populations persist despite presumed downstream drift during early life stages and in the apparent absence of upstream bias in recolonization. Previous mathematical solutions to the DP suggest organisms that experience drift maintain upstream populations through either minimization of drift periods such that small amounts of upstream movement are needed to counter the effects of advection or increasing dispersal regardless of directionality. We conclude that the resolution to the DP for prairie chub is an increase in total dispersal and our results provide insight into the spatial scales at which prairie chub conservation and management may need to operate to maintain broad-scale habitat connectivity.
Aortic arch calcification affects causes of death in patients on hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hashiba Toyohiro , Tanaka Mototsugu , Honda Tomoko , Kishi Satoru , Ogura Yoshiyasu , Takenaka Yuto , Furuse Satoshi , Nishio Kyosuke , Masaki Kazunobu , Kano Tatsuya , Mise Naobumi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Aortic arch calcification (AAC) is a well-known risk factor for death in patients on hemodialysis (HD); however, the causes of death among them have not been well studied. The study aimed to investigate the distribution of causes of death and long-term prognosis among different degrees of AAC in HD patients.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing HD at two clinics in Japan. AAC grades 0 to 3 were categorized by chest radiograph at baseline, and mortality and causes of death were collected. A subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between causes of death and age, diabetes mellitus, and dialysis vintage in each AAC grade.

Results
A total of 321 patients were included in the analysis. During 5.2 ± 2.1 years, 117 patients died, and the death rates in AAC grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 19.3% (17/88), 35.2% (51/145), 46.3% (25/54), and 70.6% (24/34), respectively. The major causes of death were cardiovascular disease (CVD, 39.3%), infection (20.5%), and malignancy (15.4%) in the entire cohort. In AAC grade 3, CVD mortality (33.3%) remains as the most common cause of death, although death of infection (29.2%) and malnutrition (16.7%) increased markedly. A subgroup analysis showed that AAC grade 3 was mostly old, non-diabetic patients with a long dialysis vintage and was susceptible to death of infection or malnutrition.

Conclusions
CVD was the most common cause of death among all AAC grades, although death of infection and malnutrition markedly increased in those with severe AAC. Attention should be paid to CVD, infection, and malnutrition in HD patients with severe AAC.
Metaproteomic profiling of fungal gut colonization in gnotobiotic mice
Authors: Pettersen Veronika Kuchařová , Dufour Antoine , Arrieta Marie-Claire 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Eukaryotic microbes can modulate mammalian host health and disease states, yet the molecular contribution of gut fungi remains nascent. We previously showed that mice exclusively colonised with fungi displayed increased sensitivity to allergic airway inflammation and had fecal metabolite profiles similar to germ-free mice. This marginal effect on the host metabolome suggested that fungi do not primarily use metabolites to modulate the host immune system.

Methods
To describe functional changes attributed to fungal colonisation, we performed mass spectrometry-based analyses of feces (Label-Free Quantitative; LFQ) and the small intestine (labeling with Tandem Mass Tag; TMT) of gnotobiotic mice colonised with defined consortia of twelve bacterial species, five fungal species, or both. We also evaluated the effect of microbiome perturbances on the metaproteome by analysing feces from mouse pups treated with an antibiotic or antifungal.

Results
We detected 6675 proteins in the mice feces, of which 3845 had determined LFQ levels. Analysis of variance showed changes in the different gnotobiotic mouse groups; specifically, 46% of 2860 bacterial, 15% of 580 fungal, and 76% of 405 mouse quantified proteins displayed differential levels. The antimicrobial treatments resulted in lasting changes in the bacterial and fungal proteomes, suggesting that the antimicrobials impacted the entire community. Fungal colonisation resulted in changes in host proteins functional in innate immunity as well as metabolism, predicting specific roles of gut fungi on host systems during early developmental stages. Several of the detected fungal proteins (3% of 1492) have been previously reported as part of extracellular vesicles and having immunomodulating properties. Using an isobaric labelling TMT approach for profiling low abundant proteins of the jejunal tissue, we confirmed that the five fungal species differentially impacted the host intestinal proteome compared to the bacterial consortium. The detected changes in mouse jejunal proteins (4% of 1514) were mainly driven by metabolic proteins.

Conclusions
We used quantitative proteomic profiling of gnotobiotic conditions to show how colonisation with selected fungal species impacts the host gut proteome. Our results suggest that an increased abundance of certain gut fungal species in early life may affect the developing intracellular attributes of epithelial and immune cells.
The endocannabinoid system in zebrafish and its potential to study the effects of Cannabis in humans
Authors: Bailone Ricardo Lacava , Fukushima Hirla Costa Silva , de Aguiar Luis Kluwe , Borra Ricardo Carneiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractZebrafish is considered an unprecedented animal model in drug discovery. A review of the literature presents highlights and elucidates the biological effects of chemical components found in Cannabis sativa. Particular attention is paid to endocannabinoid system (eCB) and its main receptors (CB1 and CB2). The zebrafish model is a promising one for the study of cannabinoids because of the many similarities to the human system. Despite the recent advances on the eCB system, there is still the need to elucidate some of the interactions and, thus, the zebrafish model can be used for that purpose as it respects the 3Rs concept and reduced time and costs. In view of the relevance of cannabinoids in the treatment and prevention of diseases, as well as the importance of the zebrafish animal model in elucidating the biological effects of new drugs, the aim of this study was to bring to light information on the use of the zebrafish animal model in testing C. sativa-based medicines.
An unusual case report on intracranial hydatid cyst with intraventricular extension
Authors: Singh Rohan Kumar , Patwa Prerna Anup , Mishra Gaurav Vedprakash , Dhande Rajasbala Pradeep , Kashikar Shivali Vaibhav , Unadkat Bhavik Sunit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
We report an interesting case of a primary isolated intraventricular and intracranial hydatid cyst in 20-year-old female that mimicked bleeding cystic tumor presenting as intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus.

Case presentation
Patient presented with headache and giddiness for 1 month. On magnetic resonance imaging, there was multiloculated multi-cystic lesion in left lateral ventricle and adjacent left periventricular deep white matter. Lesion was causing compression of the body of the left lateral ventricle with temporal horn dilatation and midline shift of 17–18 mm toward right side. On investigation, it was diagnosed intracranial hydatid cyst with intraventricular extension. Patient underwent complete removal of cerebral hydatid cyst. Follow-up postoperative computed tomography scan done which revealed no residual hydatid cyst.

Conclusion
In this case, larvae of echinococcus might have passed through capillaries of liver and lungs and entered systemic circulation reaching brain. Intracerebral hydatid cysts are rare and hence, dangerous if the diagnosis and treatment is not prompt. Intracerebral hydatid cysts have slow growth rate with late-stage symptoms, morbidity and mortality are high. So, take home message is whenever intracranial cystic lesion are found on magnetic resonance imaging hydatid cyst with possible intracranial extension should be considered in differential diagnosis.
Anatomical variations in posterior part of the circle of Willis and their associations with brain infarct in different vascular territories
Authors: Haghighimorad Maryam , Bahrami-Motlagh Hooman , Salehi Elahe , Radmanesh Alireza 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The relationship between anatomical variations in circle of Willis and brain infarction is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anatomical variations in posterior portion of the circle of Willis assessed by MR angiography (MRA) and ischemic infarction in different brain territories.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent brain MRI and MRA for suspected cerebrovascular accident. The frequency of anatomical variations including persistent fetal origin of posterior cerebral artery (fPCA) and hypoplastic/aplastic posterior communicating artery (PCoA) and their association with infarction in different intracranial vascular territories was assessed.

Results
In total, 298 patients (155 male/143 female with mean age ± SD of 57 ± 15) were enrolled in the study and categorized into two groups with infarction (n = 142) and without infarction (n = 156). Sixty-three patients (21/1%) had fPCA and 231 (77.5%) had PCoA hypoplasia/aplasia. No significant correlation was identified between fPCA or PCoA hypoplasia/aplasia and presence of infarction. However, regarding the territories involved by infarction, the frequency of thalamus infarction was higher in subgroup with PCoA hypoplasia/aplasia, 17/101 (16.8%) compared to 1/41(2.4%) in the subgroup without ipsilateral PCoA hypoplasia/aplasia (p = 0.024). In two subgroups with and without ipsilateral fPCA variation, frequency of infarction in brain territories was not different significantly.

Conclusions
In patients with brain infarction, aplastic/hypoplastic ipsilateral PCoA is associated with higher incidence of thalamic territory infarction.
Evaluation of fracture risk in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients by the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool
Authors: Ismail Zahraa Nour Eldine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a risk of fractures due to secondary osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the probability of fractures in the next 10 years in Egyptian RA patients by the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX).

Results
The study was a case–control study. It included a hundred RA patients as well as 51 apparently healthy volunteers. Bone mineral density (BMD) means of lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and total femur were significantly lower in the RA patient group. Additionally, FRAX of the major osteoporotic and hip fractures means were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group. It was also found that age, body mass index (BMI), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and BMD of the femoral neck were significant predictors of FRAX of major osteoporotic and hip fractures (P ≤ 0.05). The cumulative dose of steroids was a significant predictor for FRAX of major osteoporotic fractures; however, the 28 joints disease activity score calculated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (DAS28-ESR) was a significant predictor for FRAX of hip fractures.

Conclusions
RA patients have a high fracture risk probability. Regular annual screening for BMD and FRAX of major osteoporotic and hip fractures is necessary for those patients.
Microplastics in the Mediterranean marine environment: a combined bibliometric and systematic analysis to identify current trends and challenges
Authors: Papadimitriu Marija , Allinson Graeme 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, the potential toxicological and environmental effects of microplastics (MPs) in the Mediterranean Sea region have received growing attention. The number of studies in this area has increased; however, presently there is no scientometric perspective addressing this topic. The purpose of this study was to identify the intellectual base and research front using the visualization and analysis software, CiteSpace, in combination with a systematic review. We retrieved 150 articles, published in print or online as an early-access article between 1979 and 2020, from the Web of Science with a topic search related to MPs, environment, and uptake by biota. We then analysed synthesized networks of co-authorship (author, institution, country), co-citation (author document, journal) and co-occurring keywords. The annual publication output has trended upwards since 2011, with interest in MP abundance in the Mediterranean Sea particularly high in the past 5 years (2016–2020). Authors based in Italy accounted for 25% of the total publications, followed by Spain (16%); but overall publications from Belgium and the Netherlands were more influential. Major research themes identified include the abundance of MPs on beaches, in surface waters, sediments and biota. Secondary microplastics, such fibres and fragments, of a wide range of sizes and chemical composition were dominant in scientific reports, albeit citizen science collection of plastic resin pellets for International Pellet Watch suggests such primary MPs are also widespread, even if their numerical abundance from such collections is unclear. Few studies reported chemical contamination of MPs in the Mediterranean albeit a significant amount of information on the level of chemical contamination of plastic resin pellets is available on the International Pellet Watch website.
Limitation of therapeutic effort in pychiatric patients. about a case
Authors: Villarroel C. Martín , Garcia L. Carpio , Cutanda J. Dominguez , García G. Belmonte , Matsuura J. , Revuelta M. Sánchez , Daza M. Fernández-Torija , García E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThanks to advances in medicine, more diseases are being cured, but this benefit can become a problem when it causes a worsening of quality of life.ObjectivesThe objective of this paper is to analyze, regarding the following case, the convenience of treating or to limit the therapeutic effort (LTE) in psychiatric patients who are in situations at the end of life.Methods62-year-old woman begins with depressive symptoms from financial problems. In 4 months ago she makes four suicide attempts (drug overdose, cuts, self-stabbing, and precipitation), being hospitalized in ICU after latter because of multiple trauma and shock. During that time, she had a bad evolution with several complications that made LTE be evaluated. A bibliographic search was performed from different database (Pubmed, TripDatabase) about LTE and ethical implications.ResultsTrying to prolong life by disproportionate means in a patient with a poor prognosis or poor quality of life is bad practice. We must assess the severity, quality of life, capacity and preferences of the patient to decide to treat or not, thus guaranteeing the principle of beneficence. It is also important to respect the principle of autonomy, accepting patients can refuse treatment. All this is equally applicable to psychiatric patients, whom we should not stigmatize but rather evaluate their ability to decide, as in any person.ConclusionsIn conclusion, in situations of high suffering and near death, it is necessary a complete evaluation of the patient (psychiatric or not) is carried out in order to act in the most ethical way.
The characteristics of homicide perpetrators in a medium secure forensic hospital: A study from dundrum hospital
Authors: Basrak N. , Kennedy H. , Davoren M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe majority of homicides in society are not associated with mental illness, however there is an established association between homicide and schizophrenia. Homicide perpetrated by mentally disordered offenders is a leading reason for admission to secure forensic psychiatric hospitals.ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical characteristics of those with a history of completed homicide in the CMH Dundrum.MethodsThis study was a cross sectional study of a cohort of patients in the Central Mental Hospital who had completed homicide (n=63).ResultsA total of 136 patients were included, 46.3% (n=63) of whom had committed homicide. Mean age of homicide perpetrators at admission was 34.6 years old (median 33.4, s.d. = 9.72). The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia (n=40, 63.5%). 73.0% (n=46) had a history of substance misuse. 36.5% (n=23) had a diagnosis of a personality disorder, including traits only. The most common victim type was a family member (n=32, 50.8%). Patients with a history of homicide had better scores on dynamic risk of violence (F=8.553, p=0.004), programme completion (F=8.258, p=0.005) and recovery (F=3.666, p=0.058) compared to non-homicide offenders, however they also had significantly longer mean length of stay, 12.7 years v 7.5 years (F=9.634,p=0.002).ConclusionsHomicide perpetrators with a mental illness constitute a significant portion of the forensic mental health population and a high number of these offences were against family members. A history of homicide among forensic in-patients is associated with a longer length of stay which has implications for service development into the future.
The difficult problem of the crime of impetus: A proposal for an integrated analysis of complex cases
Authors: Sperandeo R. , Cioffi V. , Annunziata S. , Muzii B. , Maldonato N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe evaluation of the crime of impetus poses problems in seeking clinical elements that configure the total or partial defect of mind. Even in the presence of acute psychotic syndromes it is difficult to identify a psychopathological picture that almost overlaps with the times and methods of the crime itself.ObjectivesFrom a longitudinal perspective, this contribution intends to propose a method of integrating data derived from psychopathological, criminological and forensic psychiatric analyzes, in order to identify the link between them and the criminal act that qualifies or excludes the mental defect.MethodsIn the analysis of a criminal event generated during an acute psychotic episode, it’s described the logic and methodology of integrating criminological, psychopathological and psychiatric forensic data for which it was possible to identify the pathological nature of the event.ResultsThe psychopathological analysis allowed the identification of psychotic manifestations before and after the crime. The criminological analysis included the decision to commit the crime, within a framework of alteration of the reality examination and recognized the delusional purpose in the same methods of carrying out the crime. So, the forensic psychiatric analysis clarified the continuity of the psychopathological manifestations in the time frame in which the crime was planned, organized and committed and to codify such manifestations as an acute psychotic episode.ConclusionsAlthough it’s not sufficient to circumscribe the criminal act between two pathologically relevant moments, this contribution shows how integrating different methods of analysis makes it possible to identify the quality of the behavior intended as a crime.
Care & custody: E-sport and patient-professional power-relations in forensic psychiatry. A qualitative study
Authors: Terkildsen M. , Kennedy H. , Lieto A. Di , Jensen B. , Uhrskov L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionRecovery orientated care emphasizes equality in relations. Forensic psychiatric professionals need to engage in care-relationships with patients in ways where power is symmetrically distributed among them. However, professionals also need to focus on security at the ward. This promotes patient-professional power-relations that are asymmetrically skewed towards professionals. New practical ways of balancing between the power-relations defined by a care and custody dichotomy in forensic care need to be developed and studied to guide clinical practice.ObjectivesTo study how power-relations are articulated between patient-professional within a social gaming activity (E – sport) in a Danish medium secure forensic psychiatric ward.MethodsThree months of observational data, collected via anthropological fieldwork Interviews with 3 professionals and 6 patients Data was analyzed using sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s notions of field, capital and powerResultsThe E-sport intervention consists of two fields “in-game” and “over-game” In-game concerns the practice of gaming Over-game concerns the interventions organization Power in each field is driven by specific values and access to certain competencies Power in-game was equally open to patients and professionals leading to symmetric power relations Power over-game was open to professionals only leading to asymmetrical power relations Professionals may allow power distribution to patients during gameplay, while still retaining the overall power over the interventionConclusionsIt is possible to balance between care-and-custody in forensic psychiatry. This study provides important insights to guide further practice.