bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Pharmacologic Management
Authors: Strasburger Janette F. , Eckstein Gretchen , Butler Mary , Noffke Patrick , Wacker‐Gussmann Annette 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne of the most successful achievements of fetal intervention is the pharmacologic management of fetal arrhythmias. This management usually takes place during the second or third trimester. While most arrhythmias in the fetus are benign, both tachy‐ and bradyarrhythmias can lead to fetal hydrops or cardiac dysfunction and require treatment under certain conditions. This review will highlight precise diagnosis by fetal echocardiography and magnetocardiography, the 2 primary means of diagnosing fetuses with arrhythmia. Additionally, transient or hidden arrhythmias such as bundle branch block, QT prolongation, and torsades de pointes, which can lead to cardiomyopathy and sudden unexplained death in the fetus, may also need pharmacologic treatment. The review will address the types of drug therapies; current knowledge of drug usage, efficacy, and precautions; and the transition to neonatal treatments when indicated. Finally, we will highlight new assessments, including the role of the nurse in the care of fetal arrhythmias. The prognosis for the human fetus with arrhythmias continues to improve as we expand our ability to provide intensive care unit–like monitoring, to better understand drug treatments, to optimize subsequent pregnancy monitoring, to effectively predict timing for delivery, and to follow up these conditions into the neonatal period and into childhood. Coordinated initiatives that facilitate clinical fetal research are needed to address gaps in knowledge and to facilitate fetal drug and device development.
The time course of disuse muscle atrophy of the lower limb in health and disease
Authors: Hardy Edward J. O. , Inns Thomas B. , Hatt Jacob , Doleman Brett , Bass Joseph J. , Atherton Philip J. , Lund Jonathan N. , Phillips Bethan E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShort, intermittent episodes of disuse muscle atrophy (DMA) may have negative impact on age related muscle loss. There is evidence of variability in rate of DMA between muscles and over the duration of immobilization. As yet, this is poorly characterized. This review aims to establish and compare the time‐course of DMA in immobilized human lower limb muscles in both healthy and critically ill individuals, exploring evidence for an acute phase of DMA and differential rates of atrophy between and muscle groups. MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to April 2021 for any study of human lower limb immobilization reporting muscle volume, cross‐sectional area (CSA), architecture or lean leg mass over multiple post‐immobilization timepoints. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS‐I. Where possible meta‐analysis was performed using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model with effect sizes reported as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) at various time‐points and a narrative review when meta‐analysis was not possible. Twenty‐nine studies were included, 12 in healthy volunteers (total n = 140), 18 in patients on an Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU) (total n = 516) and 3 in patients with ankle fracture (total n = 39). The majority of included studies are at moderate risk of bias. Rate of quadriceps atrophy over the first 14 days was significantly greater in the ITU patients (MD −1.01 95% CI −1.32, −0.69), than healthy cohorts (MD −0.12 95% CI −0.49, 0.24) (P < 0.001). Rates of atrophy appeared to vary between muscle groups (greatest in triceps surae (−11.2% day 28), followed by quadriceps (−9.2% day 28), then hamstrings (−6.5% day 28), then foot dorsiflexors (−3.2% day 28)). Rates of atrophy appear to decrease over time in healthy quadriceps (−6.5% day 14 vs. −9.1% day 28) and triceps surae (−7.8% day 14 vs. −11.2% day 28), and ITU quadriceps (−13.2% day 7 vs. −28.2% day 14). There appears to be variability in the rate of DMA between muscle groups, and more rapid atrophy during the earliest period of immobilization, indicating different mechanisms being dominant at different timepoints. Rates of atrophy are greater amongst critically unwell patients. Overall evidence is limited, and existing data has wide variability in the measures reported. Further work is required to fully characterize the time course of DMA in both health and disease.
Study on functionalized acidic imidazolium‐based ionic liquids as effective adsorbents for HCHO storage
Authors: Guo Xin , Ren ChunXiao , Jiang Siqi , Li Jisheng , Zhang Shuai , Wang Yichuan , Ma Weiting , Yang Ye , Ma Chenglong , Su Zhiyong , Wang Zhiyuan , Hu Yufeng , Liu Zhichang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent works have shown how to develop methods with specific economic and environmental aspects; this is the main motivation for research on energy efficient processes and environmentally friendly materials for formaldehyde (HCHO) storage. One specific goal is to improve the adsorption capacity for HCHO by constructing closely contacted connections with absorbents.RESULTSIn this study, two ionic liquids (ILs), 1‐methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate [MIM][HSO4] and Imidazole hydrogen sulfate [IM][HSO4] as newly developed absorbents for HCHO storage are applied for the first time. Based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results, it is concluded that their exceptional capacity for storage of HCHO is 31.07 and 34.60 (g formaldehyde)⋅(mol ionic liquid)−1, respectively. In addition, to study the renewability of HCHO, the decomposition rates of the reaction products (as a function of decomposition time and decomposition temperature) were measured. The optimal kinetic model was selected to satisfy the formation and decomposition processes of the products. Thereafter, the activation energy (E), pre‐finger factor (A), decomposition rate constant of the decomposition reaction, and the rate constant of the reaction were determined. NMR results confirmed that the higher storage capacity of HCHO in [MIM][HSO4] and [IM][HSO4] is mostly attributed to the stronger covalent bonds between the ionic liquids (ILs) and HCHO.CONCLUSIONThese ILs are, thus, promising candidates as adsorbents for the design of air depollution processes. This study may provide new insights into the use of ILs for storage of HCHO for low‐cost, high‐performance, and environmentally benign adsorbents for indoor air purification. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Mesoscale and local‐scale climatology of extreme temperature events in Niigata, Japan
Authors: Nishi Akifumi , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Nakamura Shingo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we analysed the characteristics of extreme temperature events (ETEs) that occurred in Niigata City, located in the coastal region of the Sea of Japan. The results show that there was a tropical cyclone (TC) in the vicinity of Japan (in the latitude range of 29.0°–45.8°N and longitude range of 123.2°–139.2°E) on 60% of the days when ETEs occurred in Niigata City (TOP10 days in the past 30 years, 0.09 percentile). Furthermore, the strong east‐southeast to southeast winds caused by the TCs and winds over the mountains reached Niigata City. These results indicate that ETEs in Niigata City are caused by southeasterly foehn winds associated with TCs. It is generally believed that ETEs in Niigata City increase the risk of heatstroke. However, the index for heatstroke risk level is not high despite the extreme temperatures. This is because the downslope winds from the mountains become strong, and humidity decreases during the ETE event. A comparison of the results of this study with those of previous studies shows that the favourable atmospheric conditions for the ETE event and the impact of the ETE on local weather and human life differ greatly between the Pacific and Sea of Japan coasts.
Development and validation of a reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet method for abemaciclib‐related substance detection in bulk drugs
Authors: Ni Ronghua , Du Xiao , Huang Rongrong , Wu Wenyi , Xu Jingqiu , Ma Xiaofei , Cai Liangliang 
Published: September 2022

Abemaciclib is an effective selective cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors for cancer therapy. The abemaciclib‐related substances influence its efficacy and safety, and are important in process preparation studies and quality control. Thus, a reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the detection of related substances in its bulk drug. The separation of abemaciclib and related substances was performed on a Phenomenon Gemini C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The ultraviolet detection wavelength was 280 nm. Mobile phase A was composed of a mixed solution of aqueous solution and acetonitrile (9:1, v/v). The aqueous solution (pH 2.5) contained 0.025‐mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.4% triethylamine. Mobile phase B was composed of acetonitrile. This novel method exhibits good system suitability, specificity, precision, stability, linearity (0.1–20 μg/ml), repeatability, and durability. Among abemaciclib and related substances, the lowest limit of detection and quantitation were 0.02 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively, for abemaciclib. The recovery rates for related substances were above 95%. In addition, a novel degradation product was found during the process. In summary, a reliable reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed for abemaciclib‐related substance detection in bulk drugs.
Allocation and transfer of photosynthetic 13C in the vegetation‐soil system and its response to permafrost degradation
Authors: Che Lina , Xuan Liqiang , Wan Luhe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Xing'an Mountains, located on the southern edge of the Eurasian permafrost zone, are sensitive to permafrost degradation. In particular, the impact of wetland degradation in permafrost regions on carbon sequestration capacity cannot be ignored. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the allocation and transfer of photosynthetic 13C in the wetland vegetation‐soil system and its response to permafrost degradation. Three regions with different types of permafrost were selected predominantly continuous and island permafrost (located in Mohe); sparse island permafrost (located in Heihe); and isolated patches of permafrost (located in Yichun). The effects of permafrost degradation on the allocation and transfer of photosynthetic 13C in trees, shrubs, herb vegetation, and mosses were investigated using isotope tracing techniques, redundancy analysis, and structural equation modeling. Mohe had the largest 13C excess and more transfer of shrubs and herbs to the underground carbon pool. The recoveries of photosynthate‐13C for Larix gemlini, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Sphagnum sp. were significantly different in different permafrost regions using Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc comparisons of means tests. The amount of Δphotosynthate‐13C transfer was larger in Mohe than in Heihe and Yichun. The allocation of photosynthetic 13C in the plant roots in the three permafrost regions was positively correlated with the total soil phosphorus content. The active layer thickness was an important factor affecting the transfer of Δphotosynthate‐13C. The allocation and transfer of photosynthetic 13C to the subsurface were larger in the predominantly continuous and island permafrost areas than in the sparse island and isolated patch permafrost regions. The allocation and transfer of photosynthetic 13C in the vegetation‐soil system were affected by the soils' physicochemical properties and the environmental changes after permafrost degradation.
Design, development, and face validation of an intubation simulation device using real‐time force data feedback
Authors: Rao Gopikrishna M. , Rao Vishwanatha M. , Juang Jeremy , Benoit Justin , Feng Allen L. , Song Phillip C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a novel laryngoscope device capable of dynamically measuring force and torque measurements in real‐time during intubation and to explore the efficacy of such a device through a face validation simulation.MethodsThe torque sensor laryngoscope is designed for use during intubation and is modeled after a standard, single‐use plastic laryngoscope. After device calibration, a face validation study was performed with intubation experts in the field. Quantitative data (intubation force metrics) and qualitative data (expert feedback on the device) were collected from three intubations using a Mac blade and three intubations with the Miller blade.ResultsThree experts (two anesthesiologists and one otolaryngologist) participated in the study. The mean maximum force exerted with the Mac blade was 24.5 N (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.3–26.8). The average force exerted was 13.6 N (95% CI, 11.7–15.5). The average total suspension time was 13.1 s (95% CI, 10.4–15.8). The average total impulse was 164.6 N·s (95% CI, 147.9–181.4). The mean maximum force exerted with the Miller blade was 31.6 N (95% CI, 26.4–36.8). The average force exerted was 15.8 N (95% CI, 13.8–17.9). The average total suspension time was 11.3 s (95% CI, 9.9–12.6). The average total impulse was 216.2 N·s (95% CI, 186.5–245.9). The mean maximum force (p = .0265) and total impulse (p = .009) were significantly higher in the Miller blade trials than in the Mac blade trials. Survey results found that this device, while bulky, intubated similarly to standard‐use models and has potential as an intubation teaching tool.ConclusionThe torque sensor laryngoscope can measure and display real‐time intubation force metrics for multiple laryngoscope blades. Initial validation studies showed a significantly lower maximum force and total impulse when intubating with the Mac blade than with the Miller blade. Face validation survey results were positive and suggested the potential for this device as a teaching tool.Level of EvidenceLevel 5.
Design and Investigation of an Eco‐Friendly Wound Dressing Composed of Green Bioresources‐ Soy Protein, Tapioca Starch, and Gellan Gum
Authors: Lin Che‐Wei , Wu Po‐Ting , Chuang Er‐Yuan , Fan Yu‐Jui , Yu Jiashing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the fields of biomedicine and tissue engineering, natural polymer‐based tissue‐engineered scaffolds are used in multiple applications. As a plant‐derived polymer, soy protein, containing multiple amino acids, is structurally similar to components of the extra‐cellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. It is biological safety provided a good potential to be material for pure natural scaffolds. Moreover, as a protein, the properties of soy protein can be easily adjusted by modifying the functional groups on it. In addition, by blending soy protein with other synthetic and natural polymers, the mechanical characteristics and bioactive behavior of scaffolds can be facilitated for a variety of bio‐applications. In this research, soy protein and polysaccharides tapioca starch are used, and gellan gum to develop a protein‐based composite scaffold for cell engineering. The morphology and surface chemical composition are characterized via micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The soy/tapioca/gellan gum (STG) composite scaffolds selectively help the adhesion and proliferation of L929 fibroblast cells while improving the migration of L929 fibroblast cells in STG composite scaffolds as the increase of soy protein proportion of the scaffold. In addition, STG composite scaffolds show great potential in the wound healing model to enhance rapid epithelialization and tissue granulation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Polymerization of Perfluoroalkyl Iodide and Aromatic Alkynes for the Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Poly(enyne)s
Authors: Tian Wen , Yao Guanfei , Hu Rongrong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFluoropolymers with unique structures, high chemical stability, heat resistance, hydrophobicity, and insulation to electricity, have attracted much attention, owing to their applications in low surface energy coatings, dielectric materials, solid electrolytes, ion exchange membranes, and so on. However, the synthetic approaches for fluoropolymers are quite limited, and it is crucial to develop new synthetic approaches for the pursuing of new fluoropolymer structures. Herein, a series of soluble conjugated fluoropolymers with unique 1,3‐enyne structures embedded in the polymer chain and perfluoroalkyl group as sidechains are synthesized in high yields of up to 96% from a palladium‐catalyzed polymerization of aromatic terminal diynes and perfluorobutyl iodide in 1,4‐dioxane at 80 °C using K2CO3as the base. The chemical structures of the fluoropolymers are fully characterized by gas permeation chromatography (GPC),1H,13C,19F NMR, and IR spectra, together with the comparison with the spectra of the small molecular model compound, confirming their expected polymer structures with high selectivity, high molecular weights of up to 60 500 g mol−1, good solubility, high thermal resistance, and hydrophobicity. This efficient polymerization provides a convenient tool for the preparation of fluoropolymers, promoting the development of polymer synthetic methodology and the exploration of new fluoropolymer structures and materials.
Facial Preparation of Segregated Poly(butylene succinate)/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Foams with Superior Conductive Properties via Synergistic Effect of High Pressure Solid Phase Molding and Supercritical Fluid Foaming
Authors: Huang An , Lin Jialin , Tian Genlin , Tan Bin , Wu Fangjuan , Geng Lihong , Peng Xiangfang , Fang Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConductive polymer composites (CPCs) have been demonstrated to have many advantages. However, agglomeration of conductive fillers or segregation of conductive networks in CPCs always results in weak mechanical properties and limited conductivity. To address this issue, four types of poly(butylene succinate)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (PBS/CNT) CPC with different conductive network structures are prepared: PBS/CNT‐I: melt mixing with hot pressing (145 °C, 10 MPa), PBS/CNT‐II: solution mixing with hot pressing (145 °C, 10 MPa), PBS/CNT‐III: solution mixing with hot pressing (100 °C, 10 MPa), PBS/CNT‐IV: solution mixing with hot pressing (100 °C, 60 MPa). The results show that PBS/CNT‐IV CPC has the highest mechanical properties, conductivity, and thermal conductivity. Tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus of PBS/CNT‐IV are 119%, 58%, and 37% higher than that of PBS/CNT‐III CPC, respectively. Subsequently, PBS/CNT‐IV CPCs with different CNT contents are prepared. The mechanical, crystallization, electrical and thermal conductivities, and rheological properties as well as foamability are studied. Compared with PBS/5.0 wt.% CNT‐IV CPC, the foamed specimen shows 97% enhancement in conductivity. In general, this work offers a simple, environmentally‐friendly approach for manufacturing CPC with high conductivity and good mechanical property and is instructive for construction of a segregated network structure in low‐melt‐viscosity semi‐crystalline polymer.
On uniform convergence of the inverse Fourier transform for differential equations and Hamiltonian systems with degenerating weight
Authors: Mogilevskii Vadim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study pseudospectral and spectral functions for Hamiltonian system and differential equation with matrix‐valued coefficients defined on an interval with the regular endpoint a. It is not assumed that the matrix weight is invertible a.e. on . In this case a pseudospectral function always exists, but the set of spectral functions may be empty. We obtain a parametrization of all pseudospectral and spectral functions σ by means of a Nevanlinna parameter τ and single out in terms of τ and boundary conditions the class of functions y for which the inverse Fourier transform converges uniformly. We also show that for scalar equation the set of spectral functions is not empty. This enables us to extend the Kats–Krein and Atkinson results for scalar Sturm–Liouville equation to such equations with arbitrary coefficients and and arbitrary non trivial weight .
Influence of cerebral infarction on both bladder and urethral activities and changes after tramadol administration in rats
Authors: Nagamine Satoko , Kamijo Tadanobu Chuyo , Ashikari Asuka , Miyazato Minoru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsWe investigated the changes in bladder and urethral function after cerebral infarction (CI) and the influence of tramadol on these functions.MethodsTwenty‐eight female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into normal and CI groups. In the awake condition, metabolic cage study and blood pressure were evaluated. Under urethane anesthesia, the intravenous effect of tramadol (0.01–1 mg/kg), which has both µ‐opioid receptor stimulation and inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake, on continuous cystometry, and simultaneous measurements of bladder and urethral perfusion pressure (UPP) were recorded. Infarcted lesions were examined by staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride, a marker of mitochondrial enzyme activity.ResultsCI rats showed impaired sympathetic activity with Horner's syndrome and lower blood pressure. In metabolic cage study, urinary frequency during the dark phase was increased in CI rats. On bladder activity, in CI rats, the baseline pressure threshold for inducing bladder contractions was significantly lower (p < 0.01), and the intercontraction interval was prolonged after tramadol administration. On urethral activity, the baseline UPP was significantly lower in CI rats than in normal rats and it did not change after tramadol administration. Residual urine rate was significantly increased in normal rats, but not in CI rats. CI rats showed brain infarction including the cortex and hypothalamus, which is a center of the autonomic nervous system.ConclusionsCI‐induced ischemic brain damage results in impairment of both bladder and urethral functions, in addition to decreased sympathetic activity. Bladder overactivity after CI can be improved by tramadol; however, urethral activity cannot be improved by it.