bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do transfers lower inequality between households? Demographic evidence from Distributional National Accounts
Authors: Gindelsky Marina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing the Distribution of Personal Income constructed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis for U.S. households (2007–2018), I use a National Accounts framework to show that transfers significantly lower inequality between households by redistributing income from non‐elderly households to elderly households. Social security and Medicare are the most significant transfers, responsible for two third of the overall inequality reduction, substantially more than income‐based transfers for most households. Transfers do not significantly reduce inequality between racial groups overall. As the population ages, transfers have increased as a share of income for all races; yet, inequality persists at a high level.
COVID‐19–related stressors, family functioning and mental health in Canada: Test of indirect effects
Authors: Mohanty Jayashree , Chokkanathan Srinivasan , Alberton Amy M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine how family relationships relate to stress and mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic response in Ontario, Canada.BackgroundGenerally, families are pillars of strength during times of stress and burden. However, enduring stressors, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, may challenge the cohesion and caregiving functions of families. Researchers are just beginning to explore stressors associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic, family functioning, and mental health in the general population. Rooted in stress process theory, the current study disentangles the complex pathways through which COVID‐19‐pandemic–related stressors and family cohesion and family conflict are associated with the mental health of the general population in Ontario, Canada.MethodData were collected using an online survey from April 22, 2020, to May 22, 2020. Through convenience sampling, 933 individuals were recruited from the general population in Ontario, Canada.ResultsFindings suggest that COVID‐19‐pandemic–related stressors are associated with anxiety directly and indirectly through eroding family cohesion and exacerbating family conflicts.ConclusionBy looking into family cohesion and family conflicts simultaneously, this investigation has taken a nuanced approach to studying the influence of COVID‐19‐pandemic–related stressors on family functioning.ImplicationsThese findings suggest that efforts to assist families in bolstering cohesiveness may be helpful. Further, diminishing family conflicts, especially during community or global disasters, such as epidemics, pandemics, or natural disasters, should be a focus in both practice and future research.
Transnational lived citizenship turns local: Covid‐19 and Eritrean and Ethiopian diaspora in Nairobi
Authors: Müller Tanja R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses how migrant community practices of transnational lived citizenship were altered by both, COVID‐19 and the policy response from the Kenyan government. It is based on interviews with members of the Eritrean and Ethiopian diaspora residing in Nairobi. The paper demonstrates how policies introduced because of the pandemic caused migrant communities to lose local and remittance income. More than the loss of material resources, however, they were impacted by the elimination of social spaces that enable diaspora lives. These two dynamics have intensified a trend that may have been present before the pandemic, a local turn of transnational lived citizenship. By focusing on lived experiences and how they have been re‐assessed during the pandemic, the paper argues that transnational lived citizenship is always in flux and can easily become reconfigured as more localized practices. The concept of transnational lived citizenship is demonstrated to be a useful lens for analysing shifting migrant livelihoods and belonging.
Using Si/SiC solid waste to design urchin‐like mullite whiskers for oil‐water separation
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Yu Jingkun , Wang Xiangnan , Wang Jiakang , Zhang Ling , Wen Tianpeng , Jia Danbin , Yan Zhengguo , Yuan Lei , Ma Beiyue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing recyclable industrial waste Si/SiC and Al2(SO4)3 as starting materials, urchin‐like mullite whiskers were successfully synthesized via the molten salt method. The characterizations were focused on the phase transformations and morphology evolution of mullite whiskers. The circular oxidation‐dissolution‐precipitation mechanism was proposed for the growth of urchin‐like mullite whiskers. Then, the pressing‐sintering process was used for fabricating porous whisker‐structured mullite ceramics for oil‐water separation applications. Physical properties of porous ceramic, including bulk density, apparent porosity, mechanical and thermal shock resistance were measured. It was found that excessive reaction temperature could decompose the mullite, and a suitable temperature for pure urchin‐like mullite whiskers was found to be 900°C. To achieve oil‐water separation, bionic surface grafting technology was used for coating a hydrophobic and lipophilic material (octadecylamine, ODA) on mullite ceramic. Oil adsorption capacities of the ceramic/ODA for various oils, that is, .27 and .24 g/g for cooking and motor oil, respectively, were successfully achieved.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of powder immersion reaction assisted chromium carbide coatings prepared on Q235 steel
Authors: Wu Shoujun , Fu Guo , Zhang Bo , Chen Yue , He Wei , Zhang Bin , He Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, powder immersion reaction assisted (PIRAC) chromium carbide coatings prepared on Q235 steel at 800 and 900°C were heat‐treated in vacuum at 900 and 1000°C, respectively. The effects of heat treatments on the phase compositions, microhardness, and oxidation behavior in the air of the as‐prepared PIRAC chromium carbide coatings were investigated. Under further heat treatments, Cr23C6 in the chromium carbide coatings was carburized due to the diffusion of carbon and transformed into Cr3C2 and Cr7C3 and subsequently, the microhardness of the coatings increased. The higher the heat treatment temperature, the higher the amount of Cr3C2 and Cr7C3 and the greater microhardness of the coatings. The as‐prepared and heat‐treated chromium carbide coatings experienced similar parabolic oxidation weight gains with time. Further heat treatments led to the oxidation‐induced weight gain and the parabolic oxidation rate constant decreased.
Effects of gallic acid and its alkyl esters on lipid oxidation duringin vitrosimulated gastrointestinal digestion of fresh and fried oysters
Authors: Luo Ying , Li Ao , Shen Miao , Yu Man‐Man , Wu Zi‐Xuan , Liu Xiao‐Yang , Yin Fa‐Wen , Zhou Da‐Yong 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe process of lipid oxidation in fresh and fried oysters duringin vitrodigestion and the relationship between the antioxidant ability of phenolic esters with different chain lengths were investigated through co‐digestion of fresh and fried oysters with gallic acid (GA) and its alkyl esters. Lipid oxidation in fresh and fried oysters during simulated digestionin vitrowas observed according to increased conjugated diene value, conjugated triene value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and fluorescence intensity of aldehydes. Lipid oxidation in oysters was inhibited by GA and its alkyl esters duringin vitrodigestion effectively. As the alkyl chain length increased, the antioxidant effect first increased and then decreased, and butyl gallate achieved the highest effect among the GA and its alkyl esters we studied, which suggests that the antioxidant efficiency of GA and its alkyl esters in the digestive system may follow the ‘cut‐off’ effect.
Effect of black rice flour with different particle sizes on frozen dough and steamed bread quality
Authors: Feng Wenjuan , Ma Sen , Wang Fengcheng , Wang Xiaoxi 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThis article presents a novel idea for the preparation of frozen dough and steamed bread by which black rice flour (BRF) with different particle sizes (0.18–0.25 mm, 0.15–0.18 mm and 0.125–0.15 mm) was added into wheat flour (WF), considering the nutritional values of BRF. The characteristic of the composite flour (CF), frozen dough and steamed bread was studied. CF had higher contents of dietary fibres (2.01–2.16%) but lower content of protein (11.57–11.92%) compared with WF (1.6% and 12.60%, respectively). Correlation analysis showed that the addition of BRF could alleviate the damage to dough caused by freezing, which may be due to that water in CF dough was more stable. The content of freezable water in WF dough increased by 23.48%, while that in CF dough increased by 6.09–12.11% after frozen storage. With decreasing particle size, the hardness of CF dough decreased and the resistance to extension and gas retention coefficient increased, whereas the specific volume and the soft crumb texture of CF steamed bread increased. In short, small‐sized BRF is more suitable for use in the preparation of steamed bread.
GRASP‐ILS and set cover hybrid heuristic for the synchronized team orienteering problem with time windows
Authors: Yahiaoui Ala‐Eddine , Moukrim Aziz , Serairi Mehdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWildfires are a natural phenomenon that regularly occurs in many terrestrial ecosystems. Due to global warming, the rate and the span of wildfires have remarkably increased during the last years, causing important economic losses and human casualties. Several initiatives have been undertaken in the last years in order to apply operations research tools to help firefighting teams schedule and optimize their protection activities when dealing with wildfires. In this context, a recent variant of the Team Orienteering Problem, referred to as the Asset Protection Problem, was proposed in van der Merwe et al. (2015). In this problem, firefighting teams provide a protective service to a set of assets endangered by wildfires. These activities can be performed by a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles and occur within specific time intervals estimated on the basis of fire fronts progression. This problem incorporates three additional constraints: time windows, synchronized visits, and compatibility constraints between vehicles and assets. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach that combines a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure coupled with an Iterated Local Search (GRASPILS) and a post‐optimization phase based on a set covering formulation. Interestingly, GRASPILS incorporates an adaptive candidate list‐based insertion heuristic and a Variable Neighborhood Descent search procedure. Detailed computational tests were carried out on benchmark instances from the literature. The results show that our method outperforms the other methods in the literature, since it improves all the best‐known solutions on medium‐ and large‐size instances, while maintaining shorter computational times.
Use of a purified reconstituted bilayer matrix in the management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers improves patient outcomes vs standard of care: Results of a prospective randomised controlled multi‐centre clinical trial
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Galiano Robert D. , Glat Paul M. , Kaufman Jarrod P. , Carter Marissa J. , DiDomenico Lawrence A. , Zelen Charles M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiabetic foot infections continue to be a major challenge for health care delivery systems. Following encouraging results from a pilot study using a novel purified reconstituted bilayer matrix (PRBM) to treat chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), we designed a prospective, multi‐centre randomised trial comparing outcomes of PRBM at 12 weeks compared with a standard of care (SOC) using a collagen alginate dressing. The primary endpoint was percentage of wounds closed after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included assessments of complications, healing time, quality of life, and cost to closure. Forty patients were included in an intent‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analysis, with 39 completing the study protocol (n = 19 PRBM, n = 20 SOC). Wounds treated with PRBM were significantly more likely to close than wounds treated with SOC (ITT: 85% vs 30%, P = .0004, PP: 94% vs 30% P = .00008), healed significantly faster (mean 37 days vs 67 days for SOC, P = .002), and achieved a mean wound area reduction within 12 weeks of 96% vs 8.9% for SOC. No adverse events (AEs) directly related to PRBM treatment were reported. Mean PRBM cost of healing was $1731. Use of PRBM was safe and effective for treatment of chronic DFUs.
Preparation of tritium breeding Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles via newly developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting
Authors: Cai Jili , Xu Gaoyong , Lu Hui , Xu Chenguang , Hu Yifei , Cai Chao , Suo Jinping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWet methods as an emerging technique for the preparation of millimeter‐sized tritium breeding ceramic pebbles, but the imposed air pressure as the driving forces to extrude slurry droplets are fluctuating during the reciprocating extrusion process, which caused a slight inconsistency in pebble sizes. In this study, a piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting approach was proposed by introducing a piezo‐driven valve and modifying the slurry barrel mechanism to realize the air pressure invariable. A self‐developed piezoelectric micro‐droplet jetting device was successfully utilized to prepare Li2TiO3 green pebbles with coefficients of variation being lower than 2.7%. The size of the green pebbles could be precisely controlled in the range of 0.88–1.37 mm by manipulating the nozzle diameter, the air pressure, and the jetting time. The pebbles sintered at 1000°C for 3 h possessed a small grain size of ∼5.9 μm, a satisfied relative density of ∼84.8% T.D., and a high crush load of ∼25.7 N, implying the prepared pebbles could be used as a promising solid tritium breeding material in fusion reactors. These findings are anticipated to provide new opportunities for the highly efficient preparation of size‐controllable tritium breeding ceramic pebbles.
Biogeography and shape of fungal fairy rings in the Apennine mountains, Italy
Authors: Allegrezza Marina , Bonanomi Giuliano , Zotti Maurizio , Carteni Fabrizio , Moreno Mauro , Olivieri Letizia , Garbarino Matteo , Tesei Giulio , Giannino Francesco , Mazzoleni Stefano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimFungal ‘fairy rings’ (FRs) are regular bands of vegetation caused by a centrifugal expansion of fungal mycelia. It is well established that FR fungi affect both soil chemistry and microbiome, but nothing is known about the distribution of these patterns at the regional scale. Here, we assess the abundance and occurrences of different FR shapes i.e. rings, arcs and rotors, and explore their association with geomorphology and climate.LocationThe Apennine Mountains, 300‐km latitudinal gradient along the Italian Peninsula.TaxonBasidiomycetous fungi.MethodsHigh‐resolution freely available images were gathered to study FR shapes and distribution in the Apennine region of Italy. First, 12 mountains with different elevations and geomorphology were studied to assess the colonial density and relative distribution of FR type. FR distribution and shape and size of additional 616 FRs were studied in 61 study sites and relationship with selected climatic and topographic variables were assessed using different modelling approaches.ResultsOverall, 1163 FR structures were found across the study area. Arcs were the most common shape followed by rings. Rotors were rare, accounting for less than 2% of all observations. Fungal colony density varied largely both among and within sites, averaging 6.7 arcs, 2.2 rings and only 0.1 rotors per ha. On average, arcs (18.8 m) were similar in size compared to rotors (18.4 m) whilst rings were smaller (11.7 m). Arcs presented a higher frequency of occurrence on steeper slopes whilst rings were mostly found on flat and moderate slopes. FRs occurred within the altitudinal range between 546 m and 2148 m a.s.l., corresponding to temperatures between 3.4 and 12.7°C and rainfall between 1100 and 1300 mm per year.Main ConclusionsFRs are common elements of the Apennine grassland landscape where they may contribute to the maintenance of plant and microbial diversity. Better systematic identification of the fungal species involved in the formation of FRs is required. Further research that combines long‐term field manipulative experiments and modelling work would help to explain the formation of rings, arcs and rotors during the ontogenetic development of fungal fronts.
Bacterial symbiosis in ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora): Roads traveled and those still to be taken
Authors: Fokin Sergei I. , Serra Valentina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe diversity of prokaryotic symbionts in Ciliophora and other protists is fascinatingly rich; they may even include some potentially pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we summarize currently available data on biodiversity and some morphological and biological peculiarities of prokaryotic symbionts mainly within the genera Paramecium and Euplotes. Another direction of ciliate symbiology, neglected for a long time and now re‐discovered, is the study of epibionts of ciliates. This promises a variety of interesting outcomes. Last, but not least, we stress the new technologies, such as next generation sequencing and the use of genomics data, which all can clarify many new aspects of relevance. For this reason, a brief overview of achievements in genomic studies on ciliate's symbionts is provided. Summing up the results of numerous scientific contributions, we systematically update current knowledge and outline the prospects as to how symbiology of Ciliophora may develop in the near future.
Project portfolio planning under CO2 fleet emission restrictions in the automotive industry
Authors: Thies Christian , Hüls Christoph , Kieckhäfer Karsten , Wansart Jörg , Spengler Thomas S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to identify financially and environmentally promising project portfolio decisions under CO2 fleet emission restrictions in the automotive industry. These decisions are particularly difficult due to uncertain demand, ever‐stricter CO2 fleet emission thresholds, and an increasing number of alternative powertrain technologies that can be integrated into different vehicle projects with high project‐specific investments and long product life cycles. We develop a mixed‐integer linear programming model that maximizes the net present value of car manufacturers’ project portfolios, so‐called cycle plans, by selecting specific vehicle projects and by determining the respective production quantities to comply with the given thresholds for the CO2 fleet emissions. By applying the model to an illustrative European car manufacturer, promising cycle plan decisions are determined and analyzed across six market demand scenarios. The results reveal that compliance with the European emission thresholds until 2035 is generally possible if electric vehicle demand gains momentum, but threshold exceedance and corresponding penalty payments can be financially advantageous in some situations. Long‐term compliance with CO2 regulation and financial success is supported by the fast market introduction of battery electric vehicles and the preparation of fuel cell electric vehicles for a later market introduction in large‐sized vehicles.
How do justice and top management beliefs matter in industrial symbiosis collaboration: An exploratory study from China
Authors: Liu Yang , Cheng Peng , Hu Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJustice has been widely studied by behavior researchers in recent years. However, it has not received very much attention in industrial symbiosis (IS) network research. This inductive study presents a synthetic conceptual model connecting justice to corporate collaborative actions in the context of IS through top management. Using structural equation modeling to analyze a survey of 209 firms in two eco‐industrial parks in China, we examined inductively the effects of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice on top management, IS collaboration, and environmental performance of firms. Results demonstrate that different aspects of justice have different direct and indirect effects on IS collaboration and environmental performance. Furthermore, we detected that top management beliefs (TMB) affect IS collaboration and influence environmental performance. The mediating effect of IS collaboration between TMB and environmental performance was examined and discussed.
Follow‐up of extensive calcified costal cartilage‐based rhinoplasty in Chinese People
Authors: Wang Xin , Dong Wenfang , Wang Huan , You Jianjun , Zheng Ruobing , Xu Yihao , Fan Fei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo the best of our knowledge, there is currently no such study in the area of extensive calcified costal cartilage rhinoplasty. The study evaluated patients' satisfaction with extensive calcified costal cartilage compared with no calcified costal cartilage.MethodThirty‐five patients with extensive calcified costal cartilage underwent rhinoplasty at our institution between January 2018 and May 2020. We also used a control group of 35 patients with absent rib cartilage calcification to compare the outcomes. Satisfaction was evaluated by the photogrammetric measurements and Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) scale.ResultsWe found no significant difference in the nose measurement between the two groups before and after the operation. Besides, both groups had a significant difference in comparison with preoperative after surgery except for the nasofrontal angle. The difference between preoperative and postoperative ROE scores was statistically significant in both groups. We also compared the satisfaction of preoperative and postoperative outcomes between the two groups, where no difference was found between them. Each group had a patient who occurred an infection after surgery.ConclusionAutologous costal cartilage provides the most abundant source for graft fabrication. Patients with extensive calcified cartilage could undergo rhinoplasty and have satisfactory results instead of choosing an artificial implant.
Internal debt and welfare
Authors: Kalamov Zarko Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes how multinational firms' internal debt financing affects high‐tax countries. It uses a dynamic small open economy model and takes into account that internal debt impacts both the multinational firms' investment decisions and the government's tax policy. The government has incentives to redistribute income from firm owners to workers. If the government's redistributive motive is not too strong, internal debt reduces welfare in the short term by decreasing tax revenues. However, debt financing stimulates capital accumulation and exerts a positive long‐term welfare impact.