bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyll Components, Total Flavonoid, Anthocyanin Content and Yield of Eleutherine palmifolia L. (Merr) on Different Shading Levels
Authors: Ekawati R , Saputri L H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr is one of the horticultural that may be utilized as a medicinal plant. It contained flavonoid and anthocyanin. The production of bioactive content on E. palmifolia was affected by light intensity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different shading levels on the physiological response and the yield of Dayak onions. This experiment was conducted at Sukoharjo, District of Ngaglik, Region of Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from May to October 2020. This experiment was arranged in a randomized block design non factorial. Three treatments were given, namely no shading, shading 55%, and shading 75%. Each treatment was repeated five times. The result revealed that shade had a varied influence on E. palmifolia’s physiology and yield. Shading 55% and 75% produced the number of tiller and bulb of E. palmifolia lower than no shading. The fresh bulb weight of E. palmifolia in the range between 34.9 – 38.5 g plant-1. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll total, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and chlorophyll b/a ratio content on E. palmifolia’s bulb were not affected by different shading given. Shading 75% gave the highest total flavonoid and anthocyanin content of E. palmifolia’s bulb was 19.77% and 28.10% than no shading, respectively.
Estimation of genetic variance of some line generation S3 cantaloupensis melon hydroponically based on smart farming system
Authors: Supriyanta B , Nurhayati L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This research aims to examine the genetic variance, heritability value, and the expected genetic progress of the S3 generation melon lines tested so as to determine the potential lines to be used as sources of genetic material in breeding programs. This research was conducted from January to May 2021 in greenhouse CV. Agroniaga. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single treatment in the form of a line consisting of 6 levels, namely GR-1-3-7, GR-1-3-8, GR-1-3-20, GR-1-3-22, GR-1-2-2, and GR-1-1-3. Quantitative character observation data were analyzed using ANOVA or F test at 5% significance level. If the F test has a significant effect, then the average value is further tested with the Scott-Knott test. The results showed that the morphology of the S3 generation melon lines showed differences in fruit characters based on net distribution, net intensity, net pattern, fruit aroma, and fruit texture. The value of broad genetic variance was found in the parameters of plant height, male flowering age, harvest age, and fruit weight. High heritability values for male flowering age, female flowering age, harvest age, and fruit flesh thickness. The GR-1-1-3, GR-1-3-22, GR-1-3-7, and GR-1-3-8 lines are lines that have greater potential than other lines in terms of the effectiveness of selection on fruit weight parameters, so it is good to use for the next selection process.
Increasing Growth And Production of Corn (Zea Mays L.) With Different Planting Point Patterns and Management of Weeds
Authors: Mahyono D , Purba E , Marheni  
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the pattern of planting points, and effect of weed control with pre-emergence herbicides on the growth and production of maize. This studies became conducted from November 2019 to the end of February 2020 in Sendang Rejo Village, Binjai District, Langkat Regency. The design of this research used factorial split-plot design: Factor I: The planting point pattern (P)- P1 = Single row cropping point pattern (70 cm x 20 cm), P2 = Two row planting point pattern (20 cm x 20 cm, the next row spacing is 70 cm), P3 = Triangular planting point pattern (20 cm x 20 cm, distance with the next row of triangles 70 cm). Factor II: Herbicide Application (H)- H1 = No herbicide application (control), H2 = Weed free (manual control), H3 = applied with dimethenamide-P + saflufenacil 3 days before planting, H4 = applied with dimethenamide-P + saflufenacil at planting, H5 = applied with dimethenamide-P + saflufenacil aged 3 DAP H6 = applied with topramezone + atrazine at 14 DAP, H7 = applied with topramezone + atrazine at 21 DAP. The type of sampel in this study were plant height, amount of leaf chlorophyll and production. The results showed that the pattern of planting points had a completely huge effect on plant heigh at the age of 6 and 8 WAP and total chlorophyll and corn production (Zea mays L.). Weed control with pre-emergence and post-growth herbicides had no huge impact on plant height, total chlorophyll and maize production (Zea mays L.). However, from this study it was found that the best herbicide application was at H7 (Toppramezone + atrazine at 21 days after planting). While the use of planting point patterns and weed control with pre-emergence and post-growth herbicides interacted significantly with the observation of total chlorophyll, while there was no huge impact on the observation of plant height and maize production (Zea mays L.).
Application of Cow Manure and Mycorrhiza on the Growth of Biduri (Calotropis Gigantea)
Authors: Samanhudi  , Hartati S , Rahayu M , Sukardan M D , Rahma N A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) was a herbaceous plant that had a lot of potentials yet farmers did not cultivate it properly. For instance, many farmers apply inorganic fertilizers excessively which could damage the environment, so that they did not embody environmentally-friendly agriculture. One of the efforts to achieved sustainable agriculture was the use of organic fertilizer. This research was conducted from March 2021 to October 2021 at the screen house, Jumantono Field Laboratory, Chemistry and Soil Fertility Laboratory, and Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory at Faculty of Agriculture, UNS. This research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2 elements and 3 replications. The first factor was cow dung which consists of three stages: K0 = control treatment, K1 = 10 tons/ha, K2 = 20 tons/ha. The second factor was mycorrhiza which consists of four stages: M0 = control treatment, M1 = 5 gram/plant, M2 = 10 gram/plant, M3 = 15 gram/plant. Data obtained were analysed by ANOVA and DMRT. The results showed that the interaction between cow dung and mycorrhiza did not increase the growth of biduri; administration of 20 tons/ha gives best result in terms of the heigh of the plant, diameter stem, number of leaves, and number of branches; Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi was not increase the growth of biduri.
Protection of Geographic Indications to Maintain The Quality of Robusta Coffee on The Slopes of MT. Arjuna, Welirang, and Bromo
Authors: Wijayanil A , Ardhanariswari K A , Prayudi  , Probosari N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Robusta coffee is grown on Mount Arjuna, Welirang, and Bromo in East Java can get legal protection as a geographical indication. This study analyzes the need for Robusta coffee to get legal protection as a Geographical Indication to maintain coffee quality. This study employs qualitative approaches, including interviews, observations, and documentation. The researchers selected these respondents according to the categories studied and had coffee plantations on Mount Arjuna, Welirang, and Bromo. The research sample was taken from 10 coffees in different areas, namely Tutur, Kalipucang, Sumberpitu, Tempuran, Dawuhan S, Tambaksari, Jatiarjo, Ledug, Sumberejo and Toyomarto. Method of data gathering that includes both literature research studies and field investigations with informants from the Department of Agriculture, Food Crops, and Horticulture of Malang Regency, as well as coffee producers. The results showed that coffee is grown on Mount Arjuna, Welirang, and Bromo deserves to be registered for Geographical Indications. The average coffee beans produced have a physical quality of Quality 1 and Quality 2. The taste of coffee with the resulting aroma is caramelly and spicy.
Yield Trials of Soybean (M7) Mutant Genotipe (Glycine max L. Merrill) Based on High Production and Resistance to Stem Rot Disease of Athelia rolfsii Curzi
Authors: Pertiwi D , Hanafiah D S , Safni I 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soybean consumption (Glycine max L.) in Indonesia has increased significantly. The very large demand for soybeans and limited ability to import demand the immediate development of domestic soybeans. One of the inhibitors that can reduce soybean production is a disease caused by Athelia rolfsii (Curzi). The development program needs to be supported by plant breeding as an effort to overcome problems in developing soybean cultivation technology, one of which is by assembling high-yielding varieties that are always accompanied by disease resistant characters. This study was aimed to determine the level of resistance to stem rot disease of A.rolfsii Curzi and production of soybean (M7) mutan genotype under disease stress and optimum condition. This research was conducted in 2019 using an augmented design. The treatments used were 11 mutant genotypes and 3 comparison varieties, anjasmoro variety, argomulyo variety, and kipas putih variety. The appearance of agronomic characters observed in agronomic traits on inoculated area by A.rolfsii Curzi is lower than the optimum condition. Based on the plant sensitivity index, genotype M100A25(3/7) and M200A12(6/5) had resistant of stem rot disease while M100A25(5/3), M100A25(3/4), M100A6(31/1), M200A11(32/3) had moderate resistance to stem rot disease. The result of strains selection on M7 generation resulted in two strain with high production character and resistance to stem rot disease, M100A25 (3/7) and M200A12(6/5).
Coffee Spent Ground-Based Biochar’s Properties and Application: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sunyoto N M S , Setyawan H Y , Dewi I A , Widyasari Y E , Putri M R , Santoso R A M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Coffee is one of the most potential commodities in the world, being the second most traded commodity. Currently, it is consumed as the second-largest beverage around the world and has become part of the lifestyle of today’s generation. As a result of the increasing number of its utilisation, it generates a considerable amount of waste, the coffee spent grounds (CSG) is one of the instances. In general, the CSG that are produced are only disposed of directly (landfill). On the other hand, CSG still contains carbohydrates, oil, nitrogen and carbon which have the potential to be used to produce several products as a means of valorization, including biodiesel, biopolymers, composites, compost and biochar. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the use of CSG as a feedstock of biochar, conditions of biochar production and application as an adsorbent of chemicals causing environmental damage. The research method used a systematic review of the selected journals on the topics, then was further analyzed both in the theory and content. The results of the literature review suggest that CSGs have potential use as a feedstock for biochar production and have been researched for an adsorbent on a wide range of pollutants. The CSG biochars are effective adsorbents for cadmium (II), Tetracycline, Metal Cu, Sulfamethoxazole compounds and are ineffective on Herbicide.
The Influence of Social-Economic on The Risk Mitigation Strategy of Beef Cattle Farmers in Banyuasin Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hafiz FAA , Guntoro B , Andarwati S , Qui NH 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLivestock business is one of the most strategic sectors for the development of agriculture in Indonesia. One of the current livestock businesses that has the potential to be developed is beef cattle farming. Every livestock business will face various risks that can affect the results of its business if not anticipated and prepared for handling. This study aims to analyze the influence of the social economic characteristics of beef cattle farmers on the risk mitigation strategy used by beef cattle farmers in Banyuasin Regency. This study employed a descriptive method using a survey as the main strategy of data collection. The study was carried out in two disaster-prone subdistricts in Banyuasin Regency, namely Tanjung Lago and Muara Telang. The sample selection of farmer respondents used a quota, based on which there were 30 farmers from each subdistrict. Therefore, according to the simple random sampling method, 60 farmers were involved in this study. The influence of the social economic characteristics of beef cattle farmers on the risk mitigation strategy was analyzed using regression analysis logistics. The results showed that the average age of farmers is within the productive age. The average number of family members is four people. The longest farming experience is eight years. The number of livestock ownership of each farmer is three livestock units (LU). The average income of farmers is still below the district minimum wage. Beef cattle farmers in Banyuasin Regency tended to apply risk reduction (85%) and avoidance strategies (15%). The number of livestock owned (p<0.05) is a factor that negatively affects the opportunities of farmers to carry out risk mitigation strategies, while the income of farmers in one month (p<0.10) is a factor that positively affects the opportunities of farmers to carry out risk mitigation strategies. It could be concluded the large number of cattle tends to reduce the opportunity for farmers to carry out risk reduction strategies in conducting beef cattle business. This means that the greater the number of livestock owned, the higher the probability of farmers to avoid risk. If the number of livestock owned is increasing, the possibility of loss will also increase. Therefore, farmers tend to avoid these risks rather than reducing all potential risks.
Potency of Guava Shoot Extract as a Control Means Against Diaphorina Citri
Authors: Poerwanto M E , Solichah C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Citrus production in Indonesia and the world is facing a serious problem by CVPD attacks. Diaphorina citri is the vector of the disease. Guava leave extract is able to be proposed as prospective control means for the vector. Investigation was conducted to identify the repellent effect of guava leaves to adult of D. citri and the attractiveness to its predator, Menochilus sexmaculatus. Repellent effect of grinded dried of upper, middle, bottom shoot of non-seed, white, and red guava shoots to D. citri and M. sexmaculatus were determined in Y-tube olfactometer. The result showed that repellence effect to D. citri was on guava shoots odor sources. Repellence effect was highest on white guava shoots, followed by non-seed guava and red guava. Repellent effect was 80.7%, 72.7%, and 70.0% respectively. However they did not have any repellent effect to M. sexmaculatus. Guava shoots had the attractiveness effect to M. sexmaculatus adult. The effect was higher on upper, middle, and bottom shoot of red guava, and white guava, and middle shoot of non-seed guava than on upper shoot of citrus. Exception phenomenon was found on upper and bottom shoot of non-seed guava. The attractiveness on those shoots was lower than on citrus leaves. It was able to use guava shoots to repel D. citri and to attract M. sexmaculatus adult as a part of control means of D. citri vector of CVPD disease.
Normalizing flows for atomic solids
Authors: Wirnsberger Peter , Papamakarios George , Ibarz Borja , Racanière Sébastien , Ballard Andrew J , Pritzel Alexander , Blundell Charles 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present a machine-learning approach, based on normalizing flows, for modelling atomic solids. Our model transforms an analytically tractable base distribution into the target solid without requiring ground-truth samples for training. We report Helmholtz free energy estimates for cubic and hexagonal ice modelled as monatomic water as well as for a truncated and shifted Lennard-Jones system, and find them to be in excellent agreement with literature values and with estimates from established baseline methods. We further investigate structural properties and show that the model samples are nearly indistinguishable from the ones obtained with molecular dynamics. Our results thus demonstrate that normalizing flows can provide high-quality samples and free energy estimates without the need for multi-staging.
HLAncPred: a method for predicting promiscuous non-classical HLA binding sites
Authors: Dhall Anjali , Patiyal Sumeet , Raghava Gajendra P S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) regulate various innate and adaptive immune responses and play a crucial immunomodulatory role. Recent studies revealed that non-classical HLA-(HLA-E & HLA-G) based immunotherapies have many advantages over traditional HLA-based immunotherapy, particularly against cancer and COVID-19 infection. In the last two decades, several methods have been developed to predict the binders of classical HLA alleles. In contrast, limited attempts have been made to develop methods for predicting non-classical HLA binding peptides, due to the scarcity of sufficient experimental data. Of note, in order to facilitate the scientific community, we have developed an artificial intelligence–based method for predicting binders of class-Ib HLA alleles. All the models were trained and tested on experimentally validated data obtained from the recent release of IEDB. The machine learning models achieved more than 0.98 AUC for HLA-G alleles on validation dataset. Similarly, our models achieved the highest AUC of 0.96 and 0.94 on the validation dataset for HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-E*01:03, respectively. We have summarized the models developed in the past for non-classical HLA and validated the performance with the models developed in this study. Moreover, to facilitate the community, we have utilized our tool for predicting the potential non-classical HLA binding peptides in the spike protein of different variants of virus causing COVID-19, including Omicron (B.1.1.529). One of the major challenges in the field of immunotherapy is to identify the promiscuous binders or antigenic regions that can bind to a large number of HLA alleles. To predict the promiscuous binders for the non-classical HLA alleles, we developed a web server HLAncPred (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/hlancpred) and standalone package.
Cognitive outcome is related to functional thalamo-cortical connectivity after paediatric stroke
Authors: Steiner Leonie , Federspiel Andrea , Slavova Nedelina , Wiest Roland , Grunt Sebastian , Steinlin Maja , Everts Regula 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The thalamus has complex connections with the cortex and is involved in various cognitive processes. Despite increasing interest in the thalamus and the underlying thalamo-cortical interaction, little is known about thalamo-cortical connections after paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate thalamo-cortical connections and their association with cognitive performance after arterial ischaemic stroke. Twenty patients in the chronic phase after paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke (≥2 years after diagnosis, diagnosed &lt;16 years; aged 5–23 years, mean: 15.1 years) and 20 healthy controls matched for age and sex were examined in a cross-sectional study design. Cognitive performance (selective attention, inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) was evaluated using standardized neuropsychological tests. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine functional thalamo-cortical connectivity. Lesion masks were integrated in the preprocessing pipeline to ensure that structurally damaged voxels did not influence functional connectivity analyses. Cognitive performance (selective attention, inhibition, and working memory) was significantly reduced in patients compared to controls. Network analyses revealed significantly lower thalamo-cortical connectivity for the motor, auditory, visual, default mode network, salience, left/right executive, and dorsal attention network in patients compared with controls. Interestingly, analyses additionally revealed higher thalamo-cortical connectivity in some subdivisions of the thalamus for the default mode network (medial nuclei), motor (lateral nuclei), dorsal attention (anterior nuclei), and the left executive network (posterior nuclei) in patients compared with controls. Increased and decreased thalamo-cortical connectivity strength within the same networks was, however, found in different thalamic subdivisions. Thus, alterations in thalamo-cortical connectivity strength after paediatric stroke seem to point in both directions, with stronger as well as weaker thalamo-cortical connectivity in patients compared with controls. Multivariate linear regression, with lesion size and age as covariates, revealed significant correlations between cognitive performance (selective attention, inhibition, and working memory) and the strength of thalamo-cortical connectivity in the motor, auditory, visual, default mode network, posterior default mode network, salience, left/right executive, and dorsal attention network after childhood stroke. Our data suggest that the interaction between different sub-nuclei of the thalamus and several cortical networks relates to post-stroke cognition. The variability in cognitive outcomes after paediatric stroke might partly be explained by functional thalamo-cortical connectivity strength.
Synchronization on star-like graphs and emerging $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$ symmetries at strong coupling
Authors: Alexandrov Artem , Arkhipov Pavel , Gorsky Alexander 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We discuss the aspects of synchronization on inhomogeneous star-like graphs with long rays in the Kuramoto model framework. We assume the positive correlation between internal frequencies and degrees for all nodes which supports the abrupt first-order synchronization phase transition. It is found that different ingredients of the graph get synchronized at different critical couplings. Combining numerical and analytic tools, we evaluate all critical couplings for the long star graph. Surprisingly, it is found that at strong coupling there are discrete values of coupling constant that support the synchronized states with emerging $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$ symmetries. The stability of the synchronized phase is discussed, and the interpretation of the phase with emerging $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$ symmetry for the Josephson array on a long star graph is mentioned.