bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early toxicosis: a review of current data
Authors: Iupatov E. Yu. , Filyushina A. V. 
Published: April 2022

This article contains information from modern sources on the topic of early toxicosis, which most often occurs in the trimester, and in some cases can continue until the third trimester of pregnancy. On the occurrence of literature data, it can be said that diseases such as early toxicosis, the appearance of vomiting and nausea in pregnant women, the threat of diseases in pregnant women, neurological disorders, fetal asphyxia, rupture of the esophagus and retinal hemorrhage in the mother, as well as other complications. The pathogenesis of early toxicosis has many theories, for example, the theory of the influence of chorionic gonadotropin or the mechanical theory of the development of vomiting during pregnancy, but none of them can fully explain all cases of the disease. In this case, we can conclude that early toxicosis is multifactorial.Clinically, vomiting of pregnant women can occur in mild, moderate and severe severity, and in the latter case, the so-called vicious circle is often formed, which includes severe electrolyte disorders, neurological disorders, and alkalosis. Treatment of a mild form of vomiting of pregnant women is carried out on an outpatient basis, and moderate and severe – in a hospital. Conclusion. Based on the sources, the treatment of early toxicosis is based on an integrated approach. Undoubtedly, the basis for each degree will be diet, replenishment of water and electrolyte balance, as well as symptomatic treatment. Data are given on the use of both homeopathic remedies and drug therapy, as well as psychotherapeutic assistance to pregnant women.
Electrochemical defluorination of water: an experimental and morphological study
Authors: Abdulredha Muhammad , Al-Samarrai Shatha Y. , Hussein Ameer H. , Samaka Isra'a Sadi , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Aldhaibani Omar A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This experimental study concerns the elimination of fluoride from water using an electrocoagulation reactor having a variable flow direction in favour of increasing the electrolysing time, saving the reactor area, and water mixing. The detention time of the space-saver EC reactor (S-SECR) was measured and compared to the traditional reactors using an inert dye (red drain dye). Then, the influence of electrical current (1.5 ≤ δ ≤ 3.5 mA cm−2), pH of water (4 ≤ pH ≤ 10), and distance between electrodes (5 ≤ ϕ ≤ 15) on the defluoridation of water was analysed. The effect of the electrolysing activity on the electrodes' morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the operational cost was calculated. The results confirmed the removal of fluoride using S-SECR met the guideline of the World Health Organization (WHO) for fluoride levels in drinking water of ≤1.5 mg/L. S-SECR abated fluoride concentration from 20 mg/L to the WHO's guideline at δ, ϕ, pH, operational cost, and power consumption of 2.5 mA cm−2, 5 mm, 7, 0.346 USD m−3, and 5.03 kWh m−3, respectively. It was also found the S-SECR enhanced the detention time by 190% compared to the traditional reactors. The appearance of dents and irregularities on the surface of anodes in the SEM images proves the electrolysing process.
Using GPS Tracking to Investigate Outdoor Navigation Patterns in Patients With Alzheimer Disease: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Puthusseryppady Vaisakh , Morrissey Sol , Aung Min Hane , Coughlan Gillian , Patel Martyn , Hornberger Michael 
Published: April 2022

Background
Spatial disorientation is one of the earliest and most distressing symptoms seen in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and can lead to them getting lost in the community. Although it is a prevalent problem worldwide and is associated with various negative consequences, very little is known about the extent to which outdoor navigation patterns of patients with AD explain why spatial disorientation occurs for them even in familiar surroundings.

Objective
This study aims to understand the outdoor navigation patterns of patients with AD in different conditions (alone vs accompanied; disoriented vs not disoriented during the study) and investigate whether patients with AD experienced spatial disorientation when navigating through environments with a high outdoor landmark density and complex road network structure (road intersection density, intersection complexity, and orientation entropy).

Methods
We investigated the outdoor navigation patterns of community-dwelling patients with AD (n=15) and age-matched healthy controls (n=18) over a 2-week period using GPS tracking and trajectory mining analytical techniques. Here, for the patients, the occurrence of any spatial disorientation behavior during this tracking period was recorded. We also used a spatial buffer methodology to capture the outdoor landmark density and features of the road network in the environments that the participants visited during the tracking period.

Results
The patients with AD had outdoor navigation patterns similar to those of the controls when they were accompanied; however, when they were alone, they had significantly fewer outings per day (total outings: P<.001; day outings: P=.003; night outings: P<.001), lower time spent moving per outing (P=.001), lower total distance covered per outing (P=.009), lower walking distance per outing (P=.02), and lower mean distance from home per outing (P=.004). Our results did not identify any mobility risk factors for spatial disorientation. We also found that the environments visited by patients who experienced disorientation versus those who maintained their orientation during the tracking period did not significantly differ in outdoor landmark density (P=.60) or road network structure (road intersection density: P=.43; intersection complexity: P=.45; orientation entropy: P=.89).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that when alone, patients with AD restrict the spatial and temporal extent of their outdoor navigation in the community to successfully reduce their perceived risk of spatial disorientation. Implications of this work highlight the importance for future research to identify which of these individuals may be at an actual high risk for spatial disorientation as well as to explore the implementation of health care measures to help maintain a balance between patients’ right to safety and autonomy when making outings alone in the community.
Monitoring User Opinions and Side Effects on COVID-19 Vaccines in the Twittersphere: Infodemiology Study of Tweets
Authors: Portelli Beatrice , Scaboro Simone , Tonino Roberto , Chersoni Emmanuele , Santus Enrico , Serra Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

Background
In the current phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing the most massive vaccine rollout in human history. Like any other drug, vaccines may cause unexpected side effects, which need to be investigated in a timely manner to minimize harm in the population. If not properly dealt with, side effects may also impact public trust in the vaccination campaigns carried out by national governments.

Objective
Monitoring social media for the early identification of side effects, and understanding the public opinion on the vaccines are of paramount importance to ensure a successful and harmless rollout. The objective of this study was to create a web portal to monitor the opinion of social media users on COVID-19 vaccines, which can offer a tool for journalists, scientists, and users alike to visualize how the general public is reacting to the vaccination campaign.

Methods
We developed a tool to analyze the public opinion on COVID-19 vaccines from Twitter, exploiting, among other techniques, a state-of-the-art system for the identification of adverse drug events on social media; natural language processing models for sentiment analysis; statistical tools; and open-source databases to visualize the trending hashtags, news articles, and their factuality. All modules of the system are displayed through an open web portal.

Results
A set of 650,000 tweets was collected and analyzed in an ongoing process that was initiated in December 2020. The results of the analysis are made public on a web portal (updated daily), together with the processing tools and data. The data provide insights on public opinion about the vaccines and its change over time. For example, users show a high tendency to only share news from reliable sources when discussing COVID-19 vaccines (98% of the shared URLs). The general sentiment of Twitter users toward the vaccines is negative/neutral; however, the system is able to record fluctuations in the attitude toward specific vaccines in correspondence with specific events (eg, news about new outbreaks). The data also show how news coverage had a high impact on the set of discussed topics. To further investigate this point, we performed a more in-depth analysis of the data regarding the AstraZeneca vaccine. We observed how media coverage of blood clot–related side effects suddenly shifted the topic of public discussions regarding both the AstraZeneca and other vaccines. This became particularly evident when visualizing the most frequently discussed symptoms for the vaccines and comparing them month by month.

Conclusions
We present a tool connected with a web portal to monitor and display some key aspects of the public’s reaction to COVID-19 vaccines. The system also provides an overview of the opinions of the Twittersphere through graphic representations, offering a tool for the extraction of suspected adverse events from tweets with a deep learning model.
Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Sebagai Wahana Pendidikan HAM Dalam Mengembangkan Hak Komunitas Masyarakat Adat Terpencil
Authors: Abdin Maslan , Wuarlela Mouren 
Published: April 2022

Mencerdaskan anak bangsa merupakan amanat konstitusional. Pemerintah berkewajiban memberikan pendidikan bagi seluruh warga negara yang berkeadilan tanpa diskriminasi. Akan tetapi tidak semua warga Negara khasnya masyarakat Von Kecamatan Siwalalat kabupaten Seram Bagian Timur Provinsi Maluku belum sepenuhnya menikmati bangku pendidikan formal. Pendidikan kewarganegaraan (citizenship education) sebagai gerakan sosio-kultural memberikan pendekatan dalam mengembangkan hak komunitas masyarakat Von sebagai masyarakat adat terpencil yang hidup terisolir di hutan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan memberikan pendekatan dalam memenuhi hak pendidikan bagi komunitas masyarakat von sebagai komunitas adat terpencil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan model studi kasus. Hasil penelitian memberikan kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) rata-rata anak usia sekolah pada masyarakat von tidak terpenuhi wajib belajar 9 tahun. (2) upaya nyata pemerintah dalam hal pendidikan belum terlihat. (3) masyarakat hidup terisolir dengan akses dan infrastruktur belum memadai memberikan hambatan tersendiri dalam memenuhi pendidikan anak. (4) pendidikan anak didapatkan dari keluarga dan masyarakat adapun relawan yang bergerak dalam bentuk pendidikan non formal.
Pola Pembentukan Karakter Disiplin Belajar PPKn Sebagai Civic Virtues Siswa Di MTs Sirajul Mukminin Azzakiyah
Authors: Rupita Reni , Dewantara Jagad Aditya , Widodo Rohmad 
Published: April 2022

Ketika proses belajar mengajar berlangsung, guru Mata Pelajaran PPKn di MTs Sirajul Mukminin Azzakiyah mengeluh karena karakter disiplin belajar siswa yang masih kurang baik, seperti siswa tidak mencatat materi pelajaran, bahkan ada siswa yang tidur saat guru menjelaskan. Seharusnya dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, siswa harus memiliki karakter disiplin belajar yang baik karena karakter disiplin merupakan kunci utama sebagai penentu berhasil atau tidaknya suatu proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana pembentukan karakter disiplin belajar PPKn siswa. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitataif deskriptif yang menjelaskan bagaimana proses pembentukan karakter disiplin belajar PPKn siswa kelas VII di MTs Sirajul Mukminin Azzakiyah Desa Pesaguan Kanan. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik wawancara karena sistem pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara online, maka peneliti terkendala untuk melakukan teknik observasi. Jumlah informan yang diambil sebanyak sembilan orang yakni Kepala MTs Sirajul Mukminin Azzakiyah, Guru PPKn, Waka Kesiswaan dan siswa kelas VII A dan siswa kelas VII B. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian yakni pembentukan karakter disiplin belajar PPKn siswa kelas VII dilakukan oleh guru PPKn melalui tiga cara yakni dengan mengajarkan siswa agar masuk kelas tepat waktu, mengarahkan siswa agar membaca doa sebelum dan sesudah belajar serta menasehati siswa. Pembentukan karakter disiplin belajar yang dilakukan ternyata bisa membuat siswa lebih disiplin, lebih mudah untuk diarahkan serta lebih mudah untuk diatur. Dalam pembentukan karakter disiplin belajar PPKn siswa ini, peranan guru merupakan hal yang sangat penting karena guru tidak hanya bertugas mentransferkan ilmu pengetahuan, namun guru juga memiliki kewajiban dalam membentuk karakter siswa, membimbing siswa, mengarahkan siswa dan sebagainya.
The Unified Field in Practice
Authors: PARLETT MALCOLM 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper reflects on the "unified field" as a concept at the heart of Gestalt theory and practice. The field perspective is contrasted with a dualistic outlook that separates individuals from human systems. Instead, individuals can be regarded as embodying systems, both affected by them and affecting how they are. Implications for practice, for ideas of adult development, and for dealing with political and social issues are all discussed. The paper concludes by underlining the sociopolitical priorities of the founders of the Gestalt approach.
Integrating "Being" and "Doing" in Working with Shame
Authors: GREENBERG LESLIE S. , PAIVIO SANDRA C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In response to comments, we argue for the integration of an empathic confirming view with a more intentional, restructuring view of treatment and for the integration of a purely phenomenological approach with a causal, explanatory model-building approach to theory of functioning, to form a new Gestalt. This integrative approach to knowing and working provides for the development of general models of what is common in human experience while promoting the application of these models in a context-sensitive manner, to capture the uniqueness of a person's concrete, actual experience.
Mentorship, Roadmaps, and the Impersonal: Cognitive Support for the Therapeutic Process
Authors: DOAK JAMES L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Gestalt therapy rests on field theory and phenomenology and thus emphasizes the exploration of a particular client's phenomenology (map). This exploration, of course, is done in the here and now as the client becomes more intimate with how he/she forms and how this subjective forming substantially contributes to the reality in which he/she lives. In this article, Gestalt process therapy will be called personal work. It will be contrasted to a psychotherapy mentoring style. In mentoring, objective truth approximations are offered by the therapist as figures to be considered before, during, and after traditional contact boundary work (Perls and Goodman, 1951). Assimilated, these conditions have proved extremely useful to my clients in strengthening ground from which new figures can arise. In this article I describe levels of objective truth approximations, give case examples of their use, and, in most cases, give a rationale for their deployment. I will conclude the article with concerns I have about possible misuses of the mentoring process.
Sympathectomy and Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Critical Lower Limb Ischemia
Authors: Yarikov A. V. , Leonov V. A. , Shpagin M. V. , Perlmutter O. A. , Fraerman A. P. , Mukhin А. S. , Kletskin A. E. , Lyutikov V. G. , Kuzminykh D. G. 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION Critical lower limb ischemia is a widespread disease that occurs due to atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries with progressive narrowing of their lumen. Clinically critical ischemia is manifested by pain at rest, resistant to narcotic analgesics, and/or ulcerative necrotic process on the legs. In the absence of treatment, patients undergo amputation of the lower limb. Almost all patients die 10 years after amputation of the lower limb at the level of the thigh. Currently, there are following methods of treatment of critical ischemia: conservative therapy, direct revascularization, lumbar sympathectomy and neurostimulation.AIM OF STUDY To present the data of modern scientiﬁ c literature on the use of lumbar sympathectomy and epidural spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of critical lower limb ischemia.MATERIAL AND METHODS This review presents the latest data obtained as a result of studying domestic and foreign literature on the treatment of critical lower limb ischemia with lumbar sympathectomy and epidural spinal cord stimulation. Currently, lumbar sympathectomy is performed by surgical (open, mini-access and endoscopic) and percutaneous (chemical or radiofrequency) methods. Percutaneous access is becoming widespread due to its minimally invasiveness, maximum accessibility, ease of performance and low cost. Epidural spinal cord stimulation is performed for resistant pain syndrome. The mechanism of action of spinal stimulation is to block the transmission of nerve impulses at the level of the gelatinous substance of the posterior horns of the spinal cord during stimulation of afferent ﬁ bers of a larger diameter (type A-alpha and A-beta ﬁ bers).CONCLUSION Spinal neurostimulation and lumbar sympathectomy are promising methods of treatment for critical lower limb ischemia in case of impossibility of direct revascularization. Lumbar sympathectomy can reduce the intensity of pain and improve the quality of life of patients. According to a number of studies, epidural spinal cord stimulation signiﬁ cantly reduces the likelihood of amputation of the lower limb, and also reduces the intensity of pain in patients refractory to conservative therapy, as well as in those who are not indicated for direct revascularization of the arteries of the lower extremities. More large-scale studies are needed to determine the indications for the above methods.
A New Method of Tension-Free Plasty of Giant and Large Postoperative Ventral Hernias Using a Hernia Sac
Authors: Marinochkin A. S. , Avakimyan S. V. , Popandopulo K. I. , Avakimyan V. A. 
Published: April 2022

We planned to develop a tension-free hernioplasty method for giant and large postoperative ventral hernias. Twenty-three patients with complicated postoperative ventral hernias were operated on using the method. Ultrasound, computed tomography, and plain radiography of the abdominal organs were performed for diagnosis.We have developed a tension-free hernioplasty method, where we placed a mesh implant between the ﬂ aps of the hernial sac in order to isolate it from the abdominal organs and subcutaneous fat. When applying this method, positive results were obtained (this method is absolutely tension-free plasty of the anterior abdominal wall, since own tissues are not put together; the location of the mesh implant made it possible to signiﬁ cantly reduce or almost completely avoid local complications, such as seroma, suppuration of the postoperative wound, ﬁ stula formation.This method can signiﬁ cantly reduce the percentage of local complications and completely avoid compartment syndrome in the early postoperative period. In all patients operated on by the method, no relapses were observed during the follow-up period (3 years).
Hyperbaric Oxygenation in Recurrent Rectal Bleeding in the Background of Radiation Proctitis
Authors: Leontev A. V. , Levina O. A. , Grishina E. A. , Danilov M. A. , Shishin K. V. , Babkina А. V. 
Published: April 2022

Radiation proctitis is a complication of radiation therapy used in the treatment of pelvic malignant tumors. The leading clinical symptom of this kind of late radiation complications is recurrent rectal bleeding, leading to the development of anemia. Despite the availability of modern drugs, conservative treatment methods remain ineffective, and minimally invasive endoscopic technologies are not applicable in all cases and can lead to the development of complications in the form of ulcers and ﬁ stulas. About 20 years ago, the world scientiﬁ c community recommended hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) as a method of treating late radiation damage to the rectum. However, this technique has not been widely used. We have presented the experience of treating the successful use of HBO in the treatment of a 50-year-old patient with chronic radiation proctitis complicated by recurrent rectal bleeding. Conservative and endoscopic methods of treatment in this patient were ineffective. This clinical observation demonstrates that HBO is an effective method of treating rectal bleeding associated with radiation proctitis.
Ultrasound-Guided Central Vein Catheterization in Pediatrics
Authors: Leontiev M. A. , Kravchuk S. V. , Vodova A. V. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT In this article the most relevant methods of subclavian vein catheterization were considered in order to find the optimal technique that can be used in routine clinical practice by pediatric intensive care physicians.OBJECTIVE To compare the efficiency and safety of subclavian vein catheterization by supraclavicular access under ultrasound control and subclavian access by anatomical landmarks in children.RESULTS The number of attempts for successful catheterization was statistically lower in ultrasound-control group compared to the anatomical landmarks group (1.2±0.4 vs. 2.6±1.3, p<0.0001); in the anatomical landmarks group such complications as catheter malposition (14% vs. 0), arterial puncture (5% vs. 1%) and pneumothorax (10% vs. 0) were observed more often than in the ultrasound group.CONCLUSIONS We recommend catheterization of the subclavian vein by supraclavicular access under ultrasound control to be commonly used in clinical practice due to its high efficiency and safety.