bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gnotobiotic mice housing conditions critically influence the phenotype associated with transfer of faecal microbiota in a context of obesity
Authors: Daoust Laurence , Choi Béatrice S-Y , Agrinier Anne-Laure , Varin Thibault V , Ouellette Adia , Mitchell Patricia L , Samson Nolwenn , Pilon Genevieve , Levy Emile , Desjardins Yves , Laplante Mathieu , Anhê Fernando F , Houde Vanessa P , Marette Andre 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in germ-free (GF) mice is a common approach to study the causal role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Lack of consideration of housing conditions post-FMT may contribute to study heterogeneity. We compared the impact of two housing strategies on the metabolic outcomes of GF mice colonised by gut microbiota from mice treated with a known gut modulator (cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC)) or vehicle.DesignHigh-fat high-sucrose diet-fed GF mice underwent FMT-PAC colonisation in sterile individual positive flow ventilated cages under rigorous housing conditions and then maintained for 8 weeks either in the gnotobiotic-axenic sector or in the specific pathogen free (SPF) sector of the same animal facility.ResultsUnexpectedly, 8 weeks after colonisation, we observed opposing liver phenotypes dependent on the housing environment of mice. Mice housed in the GF sector receiving the PAC gut microbiota showed a significant decrease in liver weight and hepatic triglyceride accumulation compared with control group. Conversely, exacerbated liver steatosis was observed in the FMT-PAC mice housed in the SPF sector. These phenotypic differences were associated with housing-specific profiles of colonising bacterial in the gut and of faecal metabolites.ConclusionThese results suggest that the housing environment in which gnotobiotic mice are maintained post-FMT strongly influences gut microbiota composition and function and can lead to distinctive phenotypes in recipient mice. Better standardisation of FMT experiments is needed to ensure reproducible and translatable results.
An operator view on trends in core acquisition
Authors: Saucier Dave , Sincock Kevan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Core samples from the subsurface can provide unambiguous direct information to guide operator decisions. Core may be acquired with drilling equipment (full-bore core) or by post-drill wireline methods (sidewall core). Both approaches have distinct profiles of cost, risk, sample type and value, and an operator must select the most appropriate to progress business in an informed way.
The option to selectively core after drilling and perceptions of lower cost and risk might indicate that sidewall coring will always be the best approach. Recent developments to increase the size and quality of rotary sidewall samples would only add weight to this view.
It is not all good news for sidewall core, however. Individual sample size and total volume delivered per run are tiny; weak rock or high overbalance pressure may cause poor recovery and biased datasets; time between drilling and logging allows mud invasion and borehole relaxation, so samples are often broken and pore fluids contaminated. Sidewall sample sets therefore leave a higher degree of uncertainty when compared to full-bore core.
It is this operator's view that both approaches have a role to play in reducing subsurface uncertainty, and cost, risk and value should be carefully considered when deciding which to apply.
Progenitor Hierarchy of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Identifies Inflammatory Monocytic-Biased Trajectory Linked to Worse Outcomes
Authors: Ferrall-Fairbanks Meghan C. , Dhawan Abhishek , Johnson Brian , Newman Hannah , Volpe Virginia , Letson Christopher , Ball Markus , Hunter Anthony M. , Balasis Maria E. , Kruer Traci , Ben-Crentsil Nana Adjoa , Kroeger Jodi L. , Balderas Robert , Komrokji Rami S. , Sallman David A. , Zhang Jing , Bejar Rafael , Altrock Philipp M. , Padron Eric 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Myeloblast expansion is a hallmark of disease progression and comprises CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). How this compartment evolves during disease progression in chronic myeloid neoplasms is unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and high-parameter flow cytometry, we show that chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) CD34+ HSPC can be classified into three differentiation trajectories: monocytic, megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP), and normal-like. Hallmarks of monocytic-biased trajectory were enrichment of CD120b+ inflammatory granulocyte–macrophage progenitor (GMP)-like cells, activated cytokine receptor signaling, phenotypic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) depletion, and adverse outcomes. Cytokine receptor diversity was generally an adverse feature and elevated in CD120b+ GMPs. Hypomethylating agents decreased monocytic-biased cells in CMML patients. Given the enrichment of RAS pathway mutations in monocytic-biased cells, NRAS-competitive transplants and LPS-treated xenograft models recapitulated monocytic-biased CMML, suggesting that hematopoietic stress precipitates the monocytic-biased state. Deconvolution of HSPC compartments in other myeloid neoplasms and identifying therapeutic strategies to mitigate the monocytic-biased differentiation trajectory should be explored.

Significance:
Our findings establish that multiple differentiation states underlie CMML disease progression. These states are negatively augmented by inflammation and positively affected by hypomethylating agents. Furthermore, we identify HSC depletion and expansion of GMP-like cells with increased cytokine receptor diversity as a feature of myeloblast expansion in inflammatory chronic myeloid neoplasms.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476
Reevaluating Democracy Promotion
Authors: Pee Robert , Lucas Scott 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Reagan administration not only pursued democratization in hostile states but also pressured allied authoritarian regimes to reform and occasionally supported “soft” regime changes to defuse internal tensions in countries that were important for U.S. strategic interests. The convergence between mid-level officials, autonomous democracy promoters, and key policymakers was most fruitful when these groups believed that U.S. interests would be vulnerable without political intervention. Evaluations of the stability and legitimacy of the existing governments influenced judgments about whether to pursue regime reform, either by keeping the existing elites in power within new democratic structures or by seeking to empower opposition groups and facilitating the rise of new elites. A critique of this approach is an essential addition to our understanding of the Reagan administration’s policies vis-à-vis allied states.
Comment l’âme voit l’intellect. Une note textuelle en marge de Plotin, Enn. IV 6 (41) 2, 22-24
Authors: Taormina Daniela P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This note aims to show that the text attested by the Medieval sources for Plotinus, Ennead IV, 6 (41) 2, 22-24 can be retained, notwithstanding the doubts of several scholars who tried to amend it. Retaining the manuscript tradition enables us to read in the passage three different kinds of vision of the soul : (1) the soul’s ordinary vision of itself, characterized by duality and otherness ; (2) the soul’s vision of intellect and (3) its vision of itself, when she is within the intelligible : both these visions are characterized by the unified duality of the subject and the object of vision.
A 16th-Century Maecenas and his Client. Three Previously Unedited Letters from the Louvain Professor Petrus Nannius (1496–1557) to his Patron Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (1517–1586)
Authors: Feys Xander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present contribution focuses on three previously unedited letters from the Louvain professor of Latin, Petrus Nannius (Nanninck; 1496–1557), to his patron Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (1517–1586). The letters, now kept in Madrid at the Biblioteca Nacional de España and Real Biblioteca del Palacio Real, date from November 1545, April 1546, and January 1551. They reveal novel insights with regard to the professor’s biography, most notably that by 1551, through his patron’s mediation, he enjoyed a prebend from the Dendermonde Chapter and was most likely appointed canon there. By means of these new snippets of information, I reassess and further define the patronus-cliens relationship between Nannius and Granvelle, after which I edit the letters critically for the first time.
A Precursor and Successor to William Jones: Marcus Zuerius Boxhorn’s Contribution to the Scythian Theory and Comparative Linguistics
Authors: Van Hal Toon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In an increasing number of general introductions to historical linguistics, Marcus Zuerius Boxhorn, a seventeenth-century Leiden scholar, is taking William Jones’ place as ‘founding father’ of comparative linguistics. This article focuses on Boxhorn’s investigations into and explanations for the similarities between several European languages and a number of Asian languages, currently known as the Scythian theory. After providing a chronological outline of Boxhorn’s Scythian research endeavours, the article examines what Boxhorn precisely understands by the ‘Scythian language’, which languages are part of the Scythian language family, and how Boxhorn methodologically undergirds his ideas. The article, questioning the urge to designate one specific founding father for the discipline, pays special attention to conceptual and methodological ‘weaknesses’ in Boxhorn’s framework, which tend to be glossed over in recent literature.
Impaired Bone Microarchitecture at Distal Radial and Tibial Reference Locations Is Not Related to Injury Site in Athletes With Bone Stress Injury
Authors: Stürznickel Julian , Hinz Nico , Delsmann Maximilian M. , Hoenig Tim , Rolvien Tim 
Published: September 2022

Background: Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are common sports injuries that occur because of an imbalance between microdamage accumulation and removal through bone remodeling. The underlying bone phenotype has been assumed to be a contributing factor. However, the bone microarchitecture of athletes with BSI is not well characterized, and no study has investigated whether impaired bone microarchitecture is associated with bone composition or anatomic site of injury. Purpose/Hypothesis: This cross-sectional study characterizes the bone microarchitecture at distal radial and tibial reference locations in athletes with BSI. Based on previous dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) findings, the aim was to compare anatomic injury sites, hypothesizing that athletes with BSIs in bones with greater trabecular composition show impaired bone microarchitecture parameters compared with those with BSIs in bones with greater cortical composition. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Athletes who had presented to our outpatient clinic because of a high-grade BSI (ie, stress fracture) were retrospectively included. Blood and urine samples were collected. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was assessed by DXA at the lumbar spine and both hips. Bone microarchitecture was analyzed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at the distal radius and tibia. HR-pQCT parameters were expressed in relation to available sex-, age-, and device-adjusted reference values and compared with a cohort of 53 age- and sex-matched controls. Results: In total, 53 athletes had a BSI of the foot (n = 20), tibia/fibula (n = 18), pelvis (n = 9), femur (n = 5), or sternum (n = 1). Based on DXA measurements, a Z-score of −1.0 or lower was found in 32 of 53 (60.4%) of the athletes, of whom 16 of 53 (30.2%) had a Z score −2.0 or lower. While an impairment of cortical area ( P = .034 and P = .001) and thickness ( P = .029 and P < .001) was detected at the distal radius and tibia in the BSI cohort compared with controls, no differences in BMD or bone microarchitecture were observed between anatomic injury sites. Furthermore, no difference was revealed when BSIs were grouped into cortical- and trabecular-rich sites. Conclusion: Reduced aBMD and impaired cortical bone microarchitecture were present in a considerable number of athletes with BSI. Neither aBMD nor bone microarchitecture was related to the injury site, highlighting the multifactorial etiology of BSI.
Impact on corneal morphology after cataract surgery with intracameral moxifloxacin in neglected hard cataracts
Authors: Gupta Simple , Vichare Nitin , Kumar Praveen , Agrawal Mohini , C.M. Anushree , Singh Manish 
Published: September 2022

Aim To evaluate corneal morphology after use of 0.5% intracameral moxifloxacin (ICM) in cataract surgery in patients who presented late with hard cataracts. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted from June-2021 to December-2021 at a tertiary eye-care center. 90 patients over 60 years with high-risk characteristics for Covid-19, who presented late with higher grades of nuclear-sclerosis (NS), were included. They underwent phacoemulsification and 0.5%moxifloxacin (0.1 ml) was injected intracamerally at the end of surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressures (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation in cell-area (CoV), hexagonality (Hex) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively on day1, day7 and day30. Statistical analysis was done by Anova test. p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results Mean age of presentation was 65.26±8.3 years. Mean preoperative BCVA (1/60-to-6/60), IOP (16.7±2.3 mm of Hg), CCT (523.93±39.6µ), ECD (2547±302.08cells/mm2), Hex (47.04±5.7%) and CoV (37.57±3.9) changed to BCVA (6/9-to-6/6), IOP (17.5±2.1 mm of Hg), CCT (538.42±36.9µ), ECD (2388.40±339.25cells/mm2), Hex (44.44±5.6%) and CoV (39.09±4.5) at day30 postoperative. Average rate of change at day30 was increase in CCT (2.89%), ECD loss (6.4%), decrease in Hex (4.9%) and increase in CoV (4.6%), though clinically insignificant. No case of endophthalmitis or toxic-anterior segment syndrome seen. Conclusion 0.5% moxifloxacin (0.1 ml) is safe as intracameral antibiotic to prevent postoperative infection in high-risk patients. The reported changes in the corneal parameters were within the range of any routine surgeries of hard senile cataracts. No specific effect could be attributed to ICM.
Novel conformable stent-graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with hostile neck anatomy: A single-centre experience
Authors: Lee Seong Hoon , Melvin Ross , Kerr Stacey , Barakova Lucie , Wilson Alasdair , Renwick Bryce 
Published: September 2022

Objectives Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) demonstrating hostile neck anatomy (HNA) are associated with increased perioperative risk and mortality. A number of these patients are not suitable for standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and are high risk for open surgery. We present our experience with the first implantations in Scotland of a novel conformable aortic stent-graft designed to overcome some of the challenges of HNAs. Methods From May 2018 to March 2022, 24 consecutive patients with non-ruptured AAAs demonstrating HNAs (neck length < 15 mm, or angulation > 60°) were treated with GORE Excluder Conformable AAA endoprosthesis (CLEVAR) (CEXC Device, W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) at a Scottish vascular centre. We assessed clinical outcomes and technical success of CLEVAR during deployment, primary admission and the post-operative period at 3- and 12-month clinical follow-up alongside CT angiography. Results Twenty-four patients (20 males, mean age 75.6) were included. Primary technical success of proximal seal zones and CLEVAR deployment (no type 1/3 endoleaks, no conversion to open repair, AAA excluded and patient leaving theatre alive) was achieved in 100% of patients. All patients were alive and clinically stable at 3- and 12-month follow-up. There were five patients requiring re-intervention; at the 3-month follow-up, one patient (4.2%) developed a type 1b endoleak requiring graft limb extension, one patient developed a right common femoral artery dissection requiring open repair and one patient required a limb extension of the right iliac limb due to risk of developing a type 1b endoleak. At the 12-month follow-up, two patients required embolization of type 2 endoleaks and no patients demonstrated type 1 or type 3 endoleaks. Conclusions: In-hospital and post-operative 3- and 12-month clinical and angiographic outcomes demonstrate safety and efficacy with CLEVARs in treating unruptured AAAs with HNA. Further research involving larger heterogenous sample sizes is warranted to determine long-term clinical outcomes.
Risk Factors in a Pediatric Population for Postoperative Intracranial Infection Following Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery and the Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Authors: Palmieri Daniel , Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Valappil Benita , McDowell Michael M. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: September 2022

Background Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS) is performed through a non-sterile corridor. Intracranial infection rates in a pediatric population have not been extensively studied and the exact effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on rates of infection after EESBS in pediatric patients remains unclear. Objective The purpose of our study is to investigate risk factors for postoperative intracranial infection during EESBS in a pediatric population and help elucidate the role of antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 99 consecutive patients under the age of 18 who underwent EESBS at our institution from 2013 to 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Healthcare Safety Network criteria for diagnosis of meningitis were used to identify postoperative intracranial infections. Results The average age was 12.3 years (range 1.6-18) with 66 male patients and 33 female patients. 49 patients had an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, of which 4 had a postoperative CSF leak. We identified 3 postoperative intracranial infections (3%), which were all meningitis cases. The infection rate was 6% (3/49) among those with intraoperative CSF leaks. All patients with meningitis had a postoperative CSF leak. All infections were transclival approaches (2 chordoma and 1 neurenteric cyst). Conclusion This investigation represents one of the largest pediatric endoscopic skull base surgery cohorts. EESBS is safe to perform in pediatric populations, but transclival approaches and postoperative CSF leaks are risk factors for postoperative meningitis.
Free Play and “Loving Care”: A Qualitative Inquiry of Chinese Kindergarten Teachers’ Professional Ethics
Authors: Zhang (张婕) Jie , Clark Mollie R. , Hsueh Yeh 
Published: September 2022

Purpose Chinese kindergarten teachers commonly held “loving and caring for young children” as a core professional ethic, but many reported fatigue and burnout because of this ethical practice. This study presents a unique account of how children’s free play has helped transform teachers’ professional ethics and increased their professional satisfaction. Design/Approach/Methods Following a purposive sampling, we interviewed eight Chinese teachers who actively promoted children’s free play. The analysis of the interview transcripts led to an in-depth interpretation of the teachers’ experiences through a dialogue with various concepts and theories. Findings A major finding was that children’s free play facilitated the change in teachers’ understandings of their professional ethics. Their observation and support of children’s free play brought them the unprecedented joy of teaching, which helped them redefine loving and caring for children and gave rise to a new code of professional ethics. Originality/Value This study was the first to assess the Chinese kindergarten teachers’ ethics in the free play movement in China. It reveals, in the teachers’ own words, how their growing commitment to supporting children’s free play has transformed their beliefs and understandings of what a loving and caring teacher means.
Combined analysis of microstructures within an annual ring of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) by dynamic mechanical analysis and small angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Horiyama Hiroaki , Kojiro Keisuke , Okahisa Yoko , Imai Tomoya , Itoh Takafumi , Furuta Yuzo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of water-saturated wood of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the temperature range of 0 ℃ to 100 ℃ were focused to clarify microstructural changes within an annual ring. The following results were obtained. Thermal softening behavior caused by micro-Brownian motion of lignin was observed in both earlywood and latewood. The peaks of tanδ were found at around 95 ℃ for earlywood and at around 90 ℃ for latewood. These results suggested that the structures of lignin in the cell wall were different between earlywood and latewood. SAXS measurements of water-saturated earlywood and latewood in water were performed with precise temperature control. The scattering intensity increased with increasing temperature, indicating that the density of the matrix was reduced at higher temperature. One-dimensional SAXS intensity at the equator, which approximately represents cellulose microfibrils arrangement in the matrix, was intensively analyzed using the WoodSAS model. The result of this model fitting showed that the cellulose microfibril diameter of latewood was higher than that of earlywood. In addition, the value of interfibrillar distance decreased monotonically in the earlywood, while it decreased rapidly in the latewood from 60 ℃ to 90 ℃. The changes in the cellulose microfibril (CMF) diameter and the interfibrillar distance with increasing temperature between earlywood and latewood by SAXS measurement were different. The differences in CMF diameter and inter-fibril distance between earlywood and latewood measured by SAXS also support the hypothesis that lignin structure differs between earlywood and latewood based on the results of DMA measurements.
High Sensing Performance Toward Acetone Vapor Using TiO2 Flower-Like Nanomaterials
Authors: Yang Weiye , Ou Quanhong , Yan Xueqian , Liu Lei , Liu Shaoyu , Chen Huohuo , Liu Yingkai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor real-application gas sensors, high performances (response, selectivity, response/recovery time and stability) are demanded. An effective strategy is applying nanomaterials in gas sensors. In this study, the anatase TiO2 flower-like nanomaterials (FLNMs) are prepared through a one-step hydrothermal method which exhibit high-performance toward acetone vapor. TiO2 FLNMs sensors property are characterized at optimal working temperature of 330 °C with selectivity (acetone), response (S = 33.72 toward 250 ppm acetone), linear dependence (R2 = 0.9913), response/recovery time (46/24 s toward 250 ppm acetone) and long-term stability (30 days). These demonstrate that TiO2 FLNMs get a high performance for acetone sensor. Moreover, the limit of detection of acetone is 0.65 ppm which is lower than that of exhaled air for diabetes (0.8 ppm), indicating that TiO2 FLNMs gas sensor gets potential application in medical diagnosis.