bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On some non-linear systems of PDEs related to inverse problems in 3-d conductivity
Authors: Pedregal Pablo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe focus on certain non-linear, non-convex, non-coercive systems of PDEs in three dimensions that are directly motivated by inverse problems in conductivity for the three-dimensional case. It turns out that such systems are variational, as they formally are the Euler–Lagrange systems associated with an explicit first-order functional, and thus we exploit both its variational structure as well as its connection to inverse problems. In particular, boundary conditions play a central role.
Poor false sleep feedback does not affect pre-sleep cognitive arousal or subjective sleep continuity in healthy sleepers: a pilot study
Authors: Robson Amelia R. , Ellis Jason G. , Elder Greg J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractModern wearable devices calculate a numerical metric of sleep quality (sleep feedback), which are intended to allow users to monitor and, potentially, improve their sleep. This feedback may have a negative impact on pre-sleep cognitive arousal, and subjective sleep, even in healthy sleepers, but it is not known if this is the case. This pilot study examined the impact of poor false sleep feedback, upon pre-sleep arousal and subjective sleep continuity in healthy sleepers. A total of 54 healthy sleepers (Mage = 30.19 years; SDage = 12.94 years) were randomly allocated to receive good, or poor, false sleep feedback, in the form of a numerical sleep score. Participants were informed that this feedback was a true reflection of their habitual sleep. Pre-sleep cognitive and somatic arousal was measured at baseline, immediately after the presentation of the feedback, and one week afterwards. Subjective sleep continuity was measured using sleep diaries for one week before, and after, the presentation of the feedback. There were no significant differences between good and poor feedback groups in terms of pre-sleep cognitive arousal, or subjective sleep continuity, before or after the presentation of the sleep feedback. The presentation of false sleep feedback, irrespective of direction (good vs. poor) does not negatively affect pre-sleep cognitive arousal or subjective sleep continuity in healthy sleepers. Whilst the one-off presentation of sleep feedback does not negatively affect subjective sleep, the impact of more frequent sleep feedback on sleep should be examined.
Training, Optimization and Validation of a CNN for Room Retrieval and Description of Omnidirectional Images
Authors: Cabrera Juan José , Cebollada Sergio , Flores María , Reinoso Óscar , Payá Luis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to achieve the optimal hyperparameters setup of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to address the localization of a mobile robot. The localization problem is solved with a hierarchical approach by using omnidirectional images as provided by a catadioptric visual sensor, with no panoramic conversion. In this way, we propose adapting and re-training AlexNet with a double purpose. First, to perform the rough localization step by means of a room retrieval task. Second, to carry out the fine localization step within the retrieved room, in which the CNN is used to obtain a holistic descriptor that is compared with the visual model of the retrieved room by means of a nearest neighbour search. To achieve this, a CNN has been adapted and re-trained to address both the room retrieval problem and the obtention of holistic descriptors from raw omnidirectional images. The novelty of this work is the use of a data augmentation technique and Bayesian optimization to address the training process robustly. As shown in the present paper, these tools have proven to be an efficient and robust solution to the localization problem even with substantial changes of the lighting conditions of the target environment.
Exploring the Potentials of Performance-Centred Instructional Design in Online and Blended Learning: Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Miyazoe Terumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aims to clarify the potentials of performance-centred instructional design in online and blended learning. It asserts its contribution in that no research so far available has explicitly investigated how students—‘evaluatees’—evaluate the implemented course design with a 100% performance-based assessment (PA). The study consists of two parts: a comprehensive literature review on PAs, followed by a report on a survey to the students on performance-centred course experiences. The research was held in an undergraduate English programme at a Tokyo university. No test was conducted, and only performance-based evaluative methods were used throughout the two-semester course of one academic year. A survey was administered to the students after the course experience, obtaining 67 valid responses. AI research tools were also applied to the analyzes, to explore their future use. A high level of positivity toward the PA course design was obtained. Besides, the design succeeded in building students’ self-efficacy and helping them become more strategic in using the language. The perceived progress was also confirmed by an objective test held outside the current research. Furthermore, the students admitted some utility in test-based assessment, proving, on average, that the combinatory design of 75–85% PAs and 15–25% tests would be ideal. PA-centred course design has significant potential to deepen students’ learning. It provides an antithesis to a heavily test-centred teaching approach, which could limit students’ learning. It suggests that digital-based PAs be viable solutions, when meeting for tests is not feasible under emergencies, including worldwide pandemics.
The Aging Microenvironment in Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Deinhardt-Emmer Stefanie , Le Saux Claude Jourdan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo highlight the changes in lungs associated with senescent cells and the microbiome that promote a pro-inflammatory milieu and render the aged lungs at risk for debilitating chronic diseases such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or pulmonary fibrosis.Recent FindingsRecent studies including “omics” analyses indicate cell type-specific effects of aging and confirm the importance of the inflammation in aged lungs.SummaryAging of the lungs is driven by molecular and cellular processes that lead to loss of function and increased risk for diseases. The well-described nine hallmarks of aging are present in the aged lungs. Senescent cells combined with changes in the microbiome create the pro-inflammatory environment previously characterized in aged lungs. The pathobiology of one of the most devastating age-related pulmonary diseases, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), underscores the importance of senescent cells in the aged lungs.
Do we need to know about cyberscams in neurorehabilitation? A cross-sectional scoping survey of Australasian clinicians and service providers
Authors: Gould Kate Rachel , Carolan Matthew , Ponsford Jennie Louise 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCyberscams, such as romance scams, are prevalent and costly online hazards in the general community. People with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) may be particularly vulnerable and have greater difficulty recovering from the resultant emotional and financial hardships. In order to build capacity in the neurorehabilitation sector, it is necessary to determine whether clinicians currently encounter this issue and what prevention and intervention approaches have been found effective. This scoping study aimed to explore clinicians’ exposure to and experiences with cyberscams in their adult clients with ABI.Method:Participants were clinicians recruited from multidisciplinary networks across Australia and New Zealand. Eligible participants (n = 101) completed an online customised survey.Results:More than half (53.46%) the participants had one or more clients affected by cyberscams, predominantly romance scams. Cognitive impairments and loneliness were reportedly associated with increased vulnerability. Cyberscams impacted treatment provision and were emotionally challenging for participants. No highly effective interventions were identified.Conclusions:These findings indicate that cyberscams are a clinical issue relevant to neurorehabilitation providers, with prevalence studies now required. The lack of effective interventions identified underscores the need for the development of evidence-based prevention and treatment approaches to ultimately help people with ABI safely participate in online life.
Comparison of Standard Training to Virtual Reality Training in Nuclear Radiation Emergency Medical Rescue Education
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Xiaobo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Due to the particularity of nuclear radiation emergencies, professional technical training is necessary. However, nuclear radiation emergency medical rescue nurses are not well prepared to respond in time. This study aims to explore the effect of virtual reality (VR) in training nurses for nuclear radiation emergency medical rescue.

Methods:
Thirty nurses who received traditional nuclear radiation rescue training from May 2020 to October 2020 were selected as the control group, and another 30 nurses who received VR nuclear radiation emergency medical rescue training from November 2020 to April 2021 were selected as the experimental group. The examination results, learning enthusiasm, training effect evaluation, and training satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
The experimental group had significantly higher examination score, learning enthusiasm, training effect evaluation, and training satisfaction than the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The application of VR in the training of nuclear radiation emergency medical rescue can improve the training performance, learning enthusiasm, training effect, and training satisfaction of trainees. Considering the advantages of VR, it could be widely used in the training of nuclear radiation emergency medical rescue in the future.
A NEW NONLOCAL NONLINEAR DIFFUSION EQUATION: THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL CASE
Authors: ALETTI G. , BENFENATI A. , NALDI G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe prove a result on the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a new feature-preserving nonlinear nonlocal diffusion equation for signal denoising for the one-dimensional case. The partial differential equation is based on a novel diffusivity coefficient that uses a nonlocal automatically detected parameter related to the local bounded variation and the local oscillating pattern of the noisy input signal.
Ageing modifies acute resting blood pressure responses to incremental consumption of dietary nitrate: a randomised, cross-over clinical trial
Authors: Capper Tess , Clifford Tom , Taylor Guy , Iqbal Wasim , West Daniel , Stevenson Emma , Siervo Mario 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBeetroot (BR) is a rich source of nitrate (NO3-) that has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP). Yet, no studies have examined the vascular benefits of BR in whole-food form and whether the effects are modified by age. This study was a four-arm, randomised, open-label, cross-over design in twenty-four healthy adults (young n 12, age 27 ± 4 years, old n 12, age 64 ± 5 years). Participants consumed whole-cooked BR at portions of (NO3- content in brackets) 100 g (272 mg), 200 g (544 mg) and 300 g (816 mg) and a 200-ml solution containing 1000 mg of potassium nitrate (KNO3) on four separate occasions over a 4-week period (≥7-d washout period). BP, plasma NO3- and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations, and post-occlusion reactive hyperaemia via laser Doppler, were measured pre- and up to 5-h post-intervention. Data were analysed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Plasma NO2- concentrations were higher in the young v. old at baseline and post-intervention (P < 0·05). All NO3- interventions decreased systolic and diastolic BP in young participants (P < 0·05), whereas only KNO3 (at 240–300 min post-intake) significantly decreased systolic (–4·8 mmHg, −3·5 %, P = 0·024) and diastolic (–5·4 mmHg, −6·5 %, P = 0·007) BP in older participants. In conclusion, incremental doses of dietary NO3- reduced systolic and diastolic BP in healthy young adults whereas in the older group a significant decrease was only observed with the highest dose. The lower plasma NO2- concentrations in older participants suggest that there may be mechanistic differences in the production of NO from dietary NO3- in young and older populations.
Morphological and chemical plant traits associated with feeding non-preference to adult ofDiabrotica speciosa(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in soybean genotypes
Authors: Boiça Júnior Arlindo Leal , Costa Eduardo Neves , de Souza Bruno Henrique Sardinha , Forim Moacir Rossi , Perlatti Bruno , da Cruz Mara Cristina Pessôa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiabrotica speciosais an important pest of several crops in South America, including soybeans. Adults cause severe defoliation in soybean plants, and damage is significant when cotyledons are attacked. This study evaluated feeding non-preference toD. speciosaadults using 10 soybean genotypes, testing (i) 15-day-old whole plants and (ii) leaf disks of 60-day-old plants, through assessments of soybean attractiveness and leaf area consumed (LAC). Foliar contents of flavonoids and nutrients, and leaf trichome density were quantified for potential correlations with soybean resistance to adult ofD. speciosa. In the whole young-plant experiment, under free-choice conditions, the lowest LAC was observed in IAC 100 and PI 227687. In no-choice, PI 227687 and IGRA RA 626 RR showed lower LAC than the other genotypes. In the leaf disk test, in free-choice, the genotypes IAC 100, PI 274454, PI 227687, DM 339, and BR 16 were the least preferred by adult ofD. speciosa. In no-choice, PI 274454 was one of the least preferred, similarly to IGRA RA 626 RR, Dowling, and PI 227687. In the whole plant experiment, a high rutin content and low amounts of zinc, calcium, sulfur and manganese were associated with less consumption ofD. speciosaon leaves of resistant genotypes. In contrast, in the leaf disk test there was a significant influence of trichomes in soybean resistance to the pest. In conclusion, the PI lines herein assessed are also promising sources for developing cultivars resistant toD. speciosa.
The Geography of Information Acquisition
Authors: Chen Honghui , Qu Yuanyu , Shen Tao , Wang Qinghai , Xu David X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing detailed data on company visits by Chinese mutual funds, we provide direct evidence of mutual fund information acquisition activities and the consequent informational advantages mutual funds establish in local firms. Mutual funds are more likely to visit local and nearby firms both in and outside of their portfolios, but the ease of travel between fund and firm locations can substantially alleviate geographic distance constraints. Company visits by mutual funds are strongly associated with both fund trading activities and fund trading performance. Our results show that geographic constraints and costly information acquisition amplify information asymmetry in financial markets.
Business Cycle Variation in Short Selling Strategies: Picking During Expansions and Timing During Recessions
Authors: Dixon Peter N. , Kelley Eric K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present evidence that short sellers alternate between stock picking during expansions and market timing during recessions. First, firm-level short interest is a much stronger negative predictor of the cross-section of stock returns during expansions than it is during recessions. High short interest also only predicts negative future earnings announcement returns during expansions. We attribute these findings to short sellers’ emphasis on collecting firm-specific signals. Second, short sellers appear to make factor bets more so during recessions than during expansions. These bets tend to pay off as we observe a strong negative relation between the betas of highly shorted stocks and future stock market returns, a result that disappears during expansions. Together, these findings are consistent with theories of information acquisition under attention constraints, endogenous information production, as well as theories of time variation in aggregate overconfidence amongst traders.
Funding Policy Research under ‘Distasteful Regimes’: The Ford Foundation and the Social Sciences in Brazil, 1964–71
Authors: Suprinyak Carlos Eduardo , Fernández Ramón García 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Ford Foundation's involvement with the social sciences in Brazil coincided with the early years of the military regime that ruled the country between 1964 and 1985. The paper studies how changed political circumstances in the United States and abroad induced the Foundation to gradually abandon the technocratic approach that had governed its overseas programme since the 1950s, thus introducing a critical shift in its policies toward the developing world. A grant proposal to the University of Brasília, which had been subject to repeated military interventions since 1964, highlighted the ethical dilemmas raised by the goal of fostering policy-relevant research in an authoritarian political context. Relying on a pragmatic decision-making framework that converted ethical and ideological considerations into cost–benefit exercises, the Foundation finally moved away from the maxims of modernisation theory to embrace new strategic priorities like human rights, democracy and intellectual pluralism.
The role of number mismatch and exposure in the comprehension of relative clauses in bilingual children
Authors: Cilibrasi Luca , Adani Flavia , Pérez Ana I. , Schmidt Elaine , Wigdorowitz Mandy , Tsimpli Ianthi M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch on English relative clauses shows that, in most studies, subject relatives are comprehended more accurately than object relatives by both monolingual and bilingual children. The current study focuses on Czech-English bilingual children and extends this line of research in two ways. First, it includes a condition in which the noun phrases involved in the action differ in number (one is singular and the other is plural), a manipulation that was never tested on bilinguals. Second, it includes a fine-grained measure of language exposure, since the exposure has been linked to the acquisition of complex structures. Thirty-eight Czech-English bilinguals (aged 8–11 years) were tested on their comprehension of relative clauses using a picture matching paradigm. Results show that sentences with number mismatch were comprehended more accurately than match sentences and that subject relatives were comprehended more accurately than object relatives. In addition, in the subject relatives subset, higher exposure to English corresponded to poorer performance in relative clauses with number mismatch. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
Language abilities in preschool children with critical CHD: a systematic review
Authors: Turner Tegan , El Tobgy Nada , Russell Kelly , Day Chelsea , Cheung Kristene , Proven Shelley , Ricci M. Florencia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContext:Children with critical CHD are at risk for neurodevelopmental impairments, including delays in expressive and receptive language development. However, no study has synthesised the literature regarding language abilities in children with this condition.Objective:We summarised the literature regarding expressive and receptive language in preschool children with critical CHD.Data sources:MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, ERIC, PsycINFO, and CINAHL.Study selection:We included studies published between January, 1990 and 1 July, 2021, focused on children aged ≤5 years with critical CHD requiring a complex cardiac procedure at age <1 year. Language ability was documented using standardised, validated tools assessing both expressive and receptive language outcomes.Data extraction:Data (study, patient and language characteristics, and results) were extracted by two reviewers.Results:Seventeen studies were included. Among children 2–5 years old with critical CHD, there were statistically significant deficits in overall (standardised mean difference: –0.46; 95 % confidence interval: –0.56, –0.35), expressive (standardised mean difference: –0.45;95 % confidence interval: –0.54, –0.37), and receptive (standardised mean difference: –0.32; 95 % confidence interval: –0.40, –0.23) language compared to normative data. Results reported as medians were similar to meta-analysis findings. Subgroup analysis showed that children with univentricular physiology had lower language scores than children with biventricular physiology.Conclusions:Preschool children with critical CHD had statistically significantly lower language outcomes compared to expected population norms. Healthcare professionals should test early and often for language deficits, referring to individually tailored supports.
‘With a minimum of bitterness’: decolonization, the right to self-determination, and the Arab-Asian group
Authors: Ewing Cindy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the late 1940s, postcolonial elites expanded the activities of the United Nations (UN) by using it as a platform to advance decolonization and foster Third World solidarity. The Arab-Asian group was the earliest manifestation of institutional cooperation among postcolonial nations after 1945. Initially comprised of twelve Arab and Asian UN member-states, the Arab-Asian group coordinated their diplomatic activities as part of an effort to bring national self-determination to the forefront of international debate. However, the emergence of the Arab-Asian group at the UN revealed a confluence of different political ideologies and approaches to decolonization in the early postwar era. Forging a network of postcolonial elites brought out divergent visions for the postwar international order, illustrated by the frictions within the Arab-Asian group even as it played key roles in the UN debates on the questions of Indonesia, the former Italian colonies in Africa, and the Korean War. The Arab-Asian group, an important antecedent to Afro-Asianism, Third Worldism, and non-alignment, encountered challenges over parallel projects pursued by its members, such as Carlos Romulo’s campaign for a Pacific Pact among non-communist Asian states or Jawaharlal Nehru’s articulation of neutralism. Therefore, while postwar international organizations were a formative setting for the emergence of postcolonial internationalism and South-South solidarity, the common goals pursued by these states did not always translate into uniformity or consensus on decolonization.
An Improved Approach for Estimating Pan Evaporation Using a New Aerodynamic Mechanism Model
Authors: Qiu Guo Yu , Gao Huihui , Yan Chunhua , Wang Bei , Luo Jiechunyi , Chen Zhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn response to a decline in pan evaporation over the last 60 years under global warming of water bodies, we designed an experiment with water bodies heated naturally to different temperatures to investigate the physics of pan evaporation and explore the effect of water temperature. In this study, we developed a new aerodynamic model for pan evaporation by combining a free convention sub‐model that couples Fick's First Law of Diffusion with boundary layer theory and a forced convection sub‐model based on convection mass transfer. Both the improved aerodynamic model and the two sub‐models have a higher accuracy and stability (|PBIAS| < 6%, root mean squared Error [RMSE] < 0.65 mm d−1, and Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE] > 0.8). Sensitivity analysis shows that water temperature is the most sensitive parameter to evaporation (S1 = 0.58, ST = 0.78). The mechanism of rising water temperature on evaporation is not only due to the strengthening in mass diffusion (under windless conditions), but also in the promotion in mass convection (under windy conditions). The integrated effects of mass diffusion and mass convection could result in an increase in evaporation of 0.8 mm d−1, as mean water temperature rises by 1°C. These results would be useful for evaporation estimation of the warming global water.