bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical systems persistence parameter of sea surface temperature and its associations with regional averaged index over the tropical Pacific
Authors: Shi Ming , Huang Yu , Fu Zuntao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDue to an index defined from regionally averaged sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) unable to adequately characterize SSTA events, the dynamical persistence parameter was employed to infer more information than what the averaged SSTA index (SI) can capture from a new respect. By taking the whole SSTA field over a specific region as a dynamical system, was calculated to infer more (such as SSTA gradient) than SI. Moreover, the values of can provide the persistence information, low for long‐lasting SSTA events with well‐defined spatial patterns and high for transient behaviours. Globally, and SI can be taken as approximately orthogonal, but locally there are distinct associations between them. Detailed studies found that there are three kinds of origins for this global independence: alternating strong negative and positive correlation during extreme events, independence under the neutral conditions and low correlation caused by the inability of SI to the marked SSTA gradient. All above findings improve the understanding on the physical indications of and indicate that the new metric is at least a good supplement to the SSTA indices based on the regional average.
Shape differences in the semitendinosus following tendon harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: du Moulin William , Bourne Matthew , Diamond Laura E. , Konrath Jason , Vertullo Christopher , Lloyd David , Saxby David J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFollowing hamstring autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), muscle length, cross‐sectional area, and volume are reduced. However, these discrete measures of morphology do not account for complex three‐dimensional muscle shape. The primary aim of this study was to determine between‐limb semitendinosus (ST) shape and regional morphology differences in young adults following tendon harvest for ACLR and to compare these differences with those in healthy controls. In this cross‐sectional study, magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 18 individuals with unilateral ACLR and 18 healthy controls. Bilaterally, ST muscles were segmented, and shape differences assessed between limbs and compared between groups using Jaccard index (0–1) and Hausdorff distance (mm). Length (cm), peak cross‐sectional area (cm2), and volume (cm3) were measured for the entire muscle and proximal, middle, and distal regions, and compared between limbs and groups. Compared to healthy controls, the ACLR group had significantly (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = −2.33) lower bilateral ST shape similarity and shape deviation was significantly (p < 0.001, d = 2.12) greater. Shape deviation was greatest within the distal region of the ACLR (Hausdorff: 23.1 ± 8.68 mm). Compared to both the uninjured contralateral limb and healthy controls, deficits in peak cross‐sectional area and volume in ACLR group were largest in proximal (p < 0.001, d = −2.52 to −1.28) and middle (p < 0.001, d = −1.81 to −1.04) regions of the ST. Overall, shape analysis provides unique insight into regional adaptations in ST morphology post‐ACLR. Findings highlight morphological features in distal ST not identified by traditional discrete morphology measures. Clinical significance: Following ACLR, risk of a secondary knee or primary hamstring injury has been reported to be between 2‐to‐5 times greater compared to those without ACLR. Change in semitendinosus (ST) shape following ACLR may affect force transmission and distribution within the hamstrings and might contribute to persistent deficits in knee flexor and internal rotator strength.
Observation of domain‐selective defect effects from a CVD‐grown graphene monolayer sandwiched at individual nanoparticle‐on‐mirror plasmonic junctions
Authors: Park Won‐Hwa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe author examines the different defect effects of chemical vapor deposition graphene monolayer (CVD‐GM) relying on domain position at an individual nanoparticle‐on‐mirror (NPoM) plasmonic junction. The NPoM, composed of Au nanoparticle (NP)/CVD‐GM/Au thin film (TF), could previously show the mode‐selective Raman enhancement, in which the center domain exhibited the highest Raman enhancement of both radial breathing like mode (RBLM) and D mode considering the local z‐directional electromagnetic (EM) field enhancement effect in the NPoM. Meanwhile, the outer domain of the NPoM also displays the near‐two symmetrical deep pits via atomic force microscope (AFM) with the accompanying lower I[D]/I[D*], higher FWHM[RBLM], I[RBLM], and relatively red‐shifted (tensile strained) Max [RBLM] from surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) information than the central case. With these observations, the physical loading of Au NP on CVD‐GM/Au TF may induce the threading effect on the most outer position of CVD‐GM at the NPoM, leading to sp2 defect‐rich domains. In contrast, the central domains, where the sp3 defects are rich, exhibit the opposite SERS spectral phenomena, indicating that the near‐flat surface shape of Au NP bottom has a higher probability to exert a strong charge transfer along the z‐direction, resulting in higher I[RBLM] and I[D]/I[D*] than the most outer domain. As such, the author anticipates various chemical sensing using subtle changes in CVD‐GM morphology at both the most outer and center positions in the NPoM with the comparison of each SERS spectral signature.
How to communicate typical–local foods to improve food tourism attractiveness
Authors: Savelli Elisabetta , Gregory‐Smith Diana , Murmura Federica , Pencarelli Tonino 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis research focuses on the communication of typical–local foods and their consumption as a main motivation for travel experiences and driver of food tourism attractiveness. Past studies have provided an inconsistent understanding of this phenomenon and its underlying psychological processes. Others have called for research on more integrated and effective marketing communications about typical–local foods to increase destination attractiveness, help consumer decision‐making processes and reduce information asymmetry in the food tourism market. Through the application of an integrated framework under the umbrella of signaling theory, we focus on various signals (e.g., “food security,” “trusting relationships,” “emotional value”) associated with three key features of typical–local foods: sustainability, geographical indications and healthiness. We use a combination of neuroscience techniques, including the implicit priming test, eye‐tracking and electroencephalography, to investigate which signals are best at communicating typical–local foods' distinctiveness. We find that consumers/tourists perceive healthiness as typical–local foods' most engaging and attractive product feature, followed by geographical indications then sustainability. Specific signals impact people's visual attention and cognitive engagement differently, with social and emotional attributes being most appealing. Therefore, food tourism managers should focus on these attributes in their communication campaigns to increase food tourism attractiveness and enhance travel experience.
Recent Advances in Design Strategies of Tough Hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Xiaojia , Xiang Jinxi , Hong Yanlong , Shen Lan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogels are a fascinating class of materials popular in numerous fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, soft robotics, and sensors, thanks to their 3D network porous structure containing a significant amount of water. However, traditional hydrogels exhibit poor mechanical strength, limiting their practical applications. Thus, many researchers have focused on the development of mechanically enhanced hydrogels. This review describes the design considerations for constructing tough hydrogels and some of the latest strategies in recent years. These tough hydrogels have an up‐and‐coming prospect and bring great hope to the fields of biomedicine and others. Nonetheless, it is still no small challenge to realize hydrogel materials that are tough, multifunctional, intelligent, and with zero defects.
Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation Improves Cortical Maladaptive Changes in Advanced Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kolmančič Kaja , Zupančič Nina K. , Trošt Maja , Flisar Dušan , Kramberger Milica G. , Pirtošek Zvezdan , Kojović Maja 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), pulsatile treatment with oral levodopa causes maladaptive changes within basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical circuits, which are clinically expressed as motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. At the level of the motor cortex, these changes may be detected using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as abnormal corticospinal and intracortical excitability and absent response to plasticity protocols.ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of continuous dopaminergic stimulation on cortical maladaptive changes related to oral levodopa treatment.MethodsTwenty patients with advanced PD were tested using TMS within 1 week before and again 6 months after the introduction of levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel. We measured resting and active motor thresholds, input/output curve, short interval intracortical inhibition curve, cortical silent period, and response to intermittent theta burst stimulation. Patients were clinically assessed with Part III and Part IV of the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.ResultsSix months after the introduction of levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel, motor fluctuations scores (P = 0.001) and dyskinesias scores (P < 0.001) were reduced. Resting and active motor threshold (P = 0.012 and P = 0.015) and x‐intercept of input/output curve (P = 0.005) were also decreased, while short‐interval intracortical inhibition and response to intermittent theta bust stimulation were improved (P = 0.026 and P = 0.031, respectively). Changes in these parameters correlated with clinical improvement.ConclusionsIn patients with advanced PD, switching from intermittent to continuous levodopa delivery increased corticospinal excitability and improved deficient intracortical inhibition and abnormal motor cortex plasticity, along with amelioration of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Continuous dopaminergic stimulation ameliorates maladaptive changes inflicted by chronic pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Rapid, automated, and reliable antimicrobial susceptibility test from positive blood culture by CAST‐R
Authors: Zhu Pengfei , Ren Lihui , Zhu Ying , Dai Jing , Liu Huijie , Mao Yuli , Li Yuandong , He Yuehui , Zheng Xiaoshan , Chen Rongze , Fu Xiaoting , Zhang Lili , Sun Lijun , Zhu Yuanqi , Ji Yuetong , Ma Bo , Xu Yingchun , Xu Jian , Yang Qiwen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) are pivotal in combating multidrug resistant pathogens, yet they can be time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and unstable. Using the AST of tigecycline for sepsis as the main model, here we establish an automated system of Clinical Antimicrobials Susceptibility Test Ramanometry (CAST‐R), based on D2O‐probed Raman microspectroscopy. Featuring a liquid robot for sample pretreatment and a machine learning‐based control scheme for data acquisition and quality control, the 3‐h, automated CAST‐R process accelerates AST by >10‐fold, processes 96 paralleled antibiotic‐exposure reactions, and produces high‐quality Raman spectra. The Expedited Minimal Inhibitory Concentration via Metabolic Activity is proposed as a quantitative and broadly applicable parameter for metabolism‐based AST, which shows 99% essential agreement and 93% categorical agreement with the broth microdilution method (BMD) when tested on 100 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Further tests on 26 clinically positive blood samples for eight antimicrobials, including tigecycline, meropenem, ceftazidime, ampicillin/sulbactam, oxacillin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and levofloxacin reveal 93% categorical agreement with BMD‐based results. The automation, speed, reliability, and general applicability of CAST‐R suggest its potential utility for guiding the clinical administration of antimicrobials.
Hybrid data fidelity term approach for quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors: Lambert Mathias , Tejos Cristian , Langkammer Christian , Milovic Carlos 
Published: April 2022

PurposeSusceptibility maps are usually derived from local magnetic field estimations by minimizing a functional composed of a data consistency term and a regularization term. The data‐consistency term measures the difference between the desired solution and the measured data using typically the L2‐norm. It has been proposed to replace this L2‐norm with the L1‐norm, due to its robustness to outliers and reduction of streaking artifacts arising from highly noisy or strongly perturbed regions. However, in regions with high SNR, the L1‐norm yields a suboptimal denoising performance. In this work, we present a hybrid data fidelity approach that uses the L1‐norm and subsequently the L2‐norm to exploit the strengths of both norms.MethodsWe developed a hybrid data fidelity term approach for QSM (HD‐QSM) based on linear susceptibility inversion methods, with total variation regularization. Each functional is solved with ADMM. The HD‐QSM approach is a two‐stage method that first finds a fast solution of the L1‐norm functional and then uses this solution to initialize the L2‐norm functional. In both norms we included spatially variable weights that improve the quality of the reconstructions.ResultsThe HD‐QSM approach produced good quantitative reconstructions in terms of structural definition, noise reduction, and avoiding streaking artifacts comparable with nonlinear methods, but with higher computational efficiency. Reconstructions performed with this method achieved first place at the lowest RMS error category in stage 1 of the 2019 QSM Reconstruction Challenge.ConclusionsThe proposed method allows robust and accurate QSM reconstructions, obtaining superior performance to state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Frequency importance analysis for chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging using permuted random forest
Authors: Chen Yibing , Dang Xujian , Zhao Benqi , Chen Zhensen , Zhao Yingcheng , Zhao Fengjun , Zheng Zhuozhao , He Xiaowei , Peng Jinye , Song Xiaolei 
Published: April 2022

Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (CEST MRI) is a promising molecular imaging tool that allows sensitive detection of endogenous metabolic changes. However, because the CEST spectrum does not display a clear peak like MR spectroscopy, its signal interpretation is challenging, especially under 3‐T field strength or with a large saturation B1. Herein, as an alternative to conventional Z‐spectral fitting approaches, a permuted random forest (PRF) method is developed to determine featured saturation frequencies for lesion identification, so‐called CEST frequency importance analysis. Briefly, voxels in the CEST dataset were labeled as lesion and control according to multicontrast MR images. Then, by considering each voxel's saturation signal series as a sample, a permutation importance algorithm was employed to rank the contribution of saturation frequency offsets in the differentiation of lesion and normal tissue. Simulations demonstrated that PRF could correctly determine the frequency offsets (3.5 or −3.5 ppm) for classifying two groups of Z‐spectra, under a range of B0, B1 conditions and sample sizes. For ischemic rat brains, PRF only displayed high feature importance around amide frequency at 2 h postischemia, reflecting that the pH changes occurred at an early stage. By contrast, the data acquired at 24 h postischemia exhibited high feature importance at multiple frequencies (amide, water, and lipids), which suggested the complex tissue changes that occur during the later stages. Finally, PRF was assessed using 3‐T CEST data from four brain tumor patients. By defining the tumor region on amide proton transfer‐weighted images, PRF analysis identified different CEST frequency importance for two types of tumors (glioblastoma and metastatic tumor) (p < 0.05, with each image slice as a subject). In conclusion, the PRF method was able to rank and interpret the contribution of all acquired saturation offsets to lesion identification; this may facilitate CEST analysis in clinical applications, and open up new doors for comprehensive CEST analysis tools other than model‐based approaches.
What does value pluralism mean in practice? An empirical demonstration from a deliberative valuation
Authors: Isacs Lina , Kenter Jasper O. , Wetterstrand Hanna , Katzeff Cecilia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The intensified call for value pluralism within research on valuation in environmental decision‐making responds to the recognition that neoclassical economic approaches to environmental valuation do not sufficiently account for important aspects of human–nature relations. However, few studies have explored how value plurality actually plays out in social deliberative reasoning and decision‐making in practice, and these studies have mostly been deductive and quantitative.

In his essay ‘Are choices trade‐offs?’ Alan Holland (2002) goes to the heart of differences in conceptions of value and rationality between neoclassical and ecological economics. These conceptions differ in terms of whether values are seen as commensurable or incommensurable, whether people's choices amount to willing exchanges of gains and losses between different values and whether unwillingness to trade values off for net gain is irrational.

Addressing Holland's question, we present a quasi‐experimental study on deliberative valuation of marine issues on the Swedish west coast, where we considered how local citizens and politicians approached values in their reasoning and choice‐making. Mixing quantitative and qualitative empirical material, we used an abductive analytical approach, iterating between data and theory to link our observations and interpretations to prevalent understandings of value, valuation and deliberation in the literature.

The results demonstrate the relevance of value pluralism for environmental policy by showing the prevalence of preference uncertainty and intrapersonal value conflicts in participants' reasoning and interaction. Value conflicts played out as the inability to achieve multiple transcendental values that participants aspired to, including conflicts between social and environmental goals. Rather than attempting to commensurate different value dimensions, participants sought to avoid moral conflicts, showed emotional anguish when value conflicts came to the fore and tried to bridge conflicting aspirations and experiences through inclusive reason‐giving and compromise.

Thus, choices were not resolved through rational trade‐offs, supporting Holland's claim and challenging the neoclassical trade‐off model of choice. Incommensurability appeared as deliberate positions grounded in participants' experiences rather than as irrationality. Legitimately resolving value conflicts thus demands reason‐sensitive means for deciding upon the sacrifices to be made and supporting public participation in environmental decision‐making in ways that reveal peoples' actual moral considerations.

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Synthesis and characterization of an engineered dual crosslinked hydrogel system based on hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and carboxymethyl chitosan with platelet‐rich plasma
Authors: KhaliliJafarabad Nadieh , Behnamghader Aliasghar , Khorasani Mohammad Taghi , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydrogels play a key role in cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) and cell transplantation. Idealy, the hydrogels designed for CTE should facilitate the formation of cartilage ECM, cilinically. However, challenges remain to engineer hydrogels with controllable responses, fast‐self recovery, and high stability. In the present study, a dual crosslinked hydrogel system based on the electrostatic and ionic bonds by mixing polymers composed of hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) combined with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was successfully prepared. To increase the stability of hydrogel, 1‐Ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylamino propyl‐carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N‐hydroxy‐succinimide (NHS) was used as the crosslinking agent. The results revealed more stability of dual crosslinking hydrogel (HC54) due to proper stoichiometric ratio between polymers components and the crosslinking agent. According to the rheology results, a non‐Newtonian and viscoelastic behavior was recognized for all hydrogels and the highest mechanical property (modulus) of HC54 hydrogel was confirmed. Based on the SEM micrographs and weight loss analysis, the lowest degradation rate was observed for the HC54 hydrogel after immersion in phosphate buffered saline solution. PRP release from the hydrogel was analyzed with the Bradford assay method and a cumulative release of 50 percent during 15 days was found. Finally, the MTT assay conducted on dual crosslinked HA/CS/CMC hydrogel with and without PRP both demonstrated cytocompatibility of hydrogel while the presence of PRP enhanced the cell viability.
Validation of the bodily expressive action stimulus test among Chinese adults and children
Authors: Yang Yunmei , Hou Wenwen , Li Jing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe bodily expressive action stimulus test (BEAST) is developed to provide a set of standardized emotional stimuli for experimental investigations of emotion and attention, and the consistency has been validated in adult populations abroad. However, the consistency of this test in the Chinese population is unclear. To this end, 42 images of each category of emotion (happiness, sadness, fear, and anger) were selected from 254 images of the original stimulus set to further examine the consistency of the BEAST in Chinese population. Thirty‐one Chinese college students and 41 Chinese preschool children participated in this study. All of them were asked to complete an emotion recognition and judgment task. Results showed that adults had a high degree of consistency in rating these pictures, while the children's consistency was at a medium level. For adults, sadness was the easiest to recognize, followed by fear and anger, while happiness was the hardest to recognize. For children, fear was the easiest to recognize, anger and sadness were second, and happiness was also the hardest to recognize. At the same time, adults were more accurate in identifying happiness and sadness than children. For adults, they were more likely to confuse positive emotions with negative emotions. They tended to mistake sadness, fear, and anger for happiness. For children, they were more likely to identify sadness as fear and happiness. They also tended to recognize anger as fear. These results indicate that the recognition performance of BEAST images for Chinese and Western adults are roughly the same, however, in the same cultural context, the recognition performance of adults and children are very different, and generally the recognition accuracy rate of adults is higher than that of children.