bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Rich-Lean Staging in SGT-750 Scaled DLE Burner With Partially-Decomposed Ammonia
Authors: Indlekofer Thomas , Gruber Andrea , Wiseman Samuel , Nogenmyr Karl-Johan , Larfeldt Jenny 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ammonia is emerging as a very convenient hydrogen- and energy-carrier chemical that, in the context of present efforts to curb carbon emissions from the power-generation and transport sectors, can be manufactured from both green hydrogen, generated from renewable energy sources, and blue hydrogen, generated from natural gas in combination with carbon capture and storage. As opposed to hydrogen, however, the properties of ammonia make it significantly simpler to transport across long distances and store for relatively long periods of time. Early exploratory work on combustion of pure ammonia in laboratory-scale gas turbine burners was conducted at Tohoku University and AIST (Japan) and revealed that the adoption of a longitudinal rich-lean staging strategy in the operation of the device is a convenient approach to minimize NOx and N2O emissions from fuel-bound nitrogen oxidation. Moreover, very recent experimental evidence acquired at SINTEF using a laboratory-scale 4th-generation DLE burner design by Siemens Energy (SGT-750) confirms that the low-emission performance achieved with rich-lean staging also applies to combustion of partially-decomposed ammonia [ASME paper GT2021-60057]. In the present paper we report a comprehensive numerical modelling study that exploits Large Eddy Simulation (LES) in conjunction with detailed chemical kinetics and a Chemical Reactor Network (CRN) model to assess a rich-lean staging strategy applied to combustion of partially-decomposed ammonia in the Siemens Energy 4th-generation DLE burner. Data analysis performed from both numerical modelling approaches, LES and CRN, confirm that the rich-lean staging strategy tested in the present study indeed results in significantly lower emissions compared to the conventional operational profile of the burner. Furthermore, reaction pathways analysis performed on the CRN data reveals important details that characterize the different evolution of nitrogen species between the non-staged and staged operation of the burner, ultimately leading to the observed difference in NOx and N2O emissions.
Development and Evaluation of Shaped Film Cooling Holes Designed for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Furgeson Michael T. , Veley Emma M. , Yoon Christopher , Gutierrez Daniel , Bogard David G. , Thole Karen A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Film cooling remains a critical technology for cooling gas turbine components. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has been used to develop novel film cooling hole designs which significantly increase the film cooling effectiveness. However, engine scale AM builds have imperfections and roughness that can have a noticeable effect on performance. In this study, 9-9-3 shaped film cooling holes were constructed at engine scale using metal AM, specifically direct laser metal sintering (DMLS). These “as built” geometries were characterized through computerized tomography (CT) scans to quantify deviations from holes with design intent, or “as-designed” holes. To evaluate the performance of the “as-built” holes compared to “as-designed” holes, both adiabatic and overall cooling effectiveness were measured experimentally for 5x scale models. The larger scale enabled the use of finite deposition modeling (FDM) to construct hole geometry that closely matched the “as-designed” holes and the CT scans of the “as-built” holes. Two versions of the 9-9-3 hole were studied, the 9-9-3 rounded inlet (RI) hole with rounding at the inlet, and the 9-9-3 rounded inlet and exit (RIE) hole with additional rounding at the hole inlet, and rounding at the hole exit. Results showed that the adiabatic effectiveness and overall cooling effectiveness for the “as-built” holes were similar to the performance of the “as-designed” film cooling holes for both hole geometries tested.
A Novel Yield Criterion for Nickel-Based Superalloys
Authors: Irmak Firat , Hanekom Kevin , Torkaman Alex , Gordon Ali P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the significant evolution of modern gas turbine engines, selection of high-temperature resistant alloys in the hot section is known to be the fundamental solution to enhance the capabilities of these engines. In general, the high-temperature components are mainly comprised of polycrystalline, directionally solidified, and single crystal superalloys. Single crystal (SX) superalloys were developed in the 1980s to achieve high fatigue resistance and substantial creep rupture strength by eliminating grain boundaries. Directional solidification methods enabled the solidification arrangement of the materials to be comprised of columnar grains which are aligned parallel to the &lt;001&gt; direction. These casting types have been frequently used with nickel-based superalloys (NBSAs) to develop modern gas turbine blades. In the present work, the yield behavior of generic SX and DS NBSAs is studied. By observing various SX and DS alloys, it was concluded with need for a novel criterion that can present anisotropic and tensile/compressive asymmetric yield surfaces. This novel criterion is comprised of the criterion proposed by Hill for anisotropic materials and the method developed by Drucker and Prager for alloys that have different tensile and compressive yield strengths. Additional terms to Hill’s criterion are introduced to capture the coupling effect of normal stress and shear stress when the applied loads are not in the direction of principal axes of the material coordinate system for single crystal alloys. The parameters for the criterion are obtained from simple uniaxial tension and compression experiments. Results are compared with various well-established yield criterions. Additionally, the novel criterion is utilized to capture the effective stress and strain of multi-axial loading of turbine blades under non-isothermal conditions.
Outpatient palliative care referral system (PCRS) for patients with advanced cancer: an impact evaluation protocol
Authors: Brunelli Cinzia , Zecca Ernesto , Pigni Alessandra , Bracchi Paola , Caputo Mariangela , Lo Dico Silvia , Fusetti Viviana , Tallarita Antonino , Bergamini Cristiana , Brambilla Marta , Raimondi Alessandra , Niger Monica , Provenzano Salvatore , Sepe Pierangela , Alfieri Sara , Tinè Gabriele , De Braud Filippo , Caraceni Augusto Tommaso 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionEarly palliative care (PC) in the clinical pathway of advanced cancer patients improves symptom control, quality of life and has a positive impact on overall quality of care. At present, standardised criteria for appropriate referral for early PC in oncology care are lacking. The aim of this project is to develop a set of standardised referral criteria and procedures to implement appropriate early PC for advanced cancer patients (the palliative care referral system, PCRS) and test its impact on user perception of quality of care received, on patient quality of life and on the use of healthcare resources.SettingSelected oncology clinics and PC outpatient clinic.Methods and analysisA scoping literature review and an expert consultation through a nominal group technique will be used to revise existing referral tools and to develop a new one, the PCRS. 25 patients will be enrolled in a pilot study to assess feasibility of the implementation of PCRS; 10 interviews with patients and healthcare professionals will be carried out to evaluate applicability.A pretest–post-test quasiexperimental study involving 150 patients before implementation of the PCRS and 150 patients after implementation will be carried out.Patient satisfaction with care received, quality of life and use of resources, and caregiver satisfaction with care will also be assessed to explore the impact of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been granted by the Institutional Review board of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; approval reference INT201/19.Results will be disseminated through open access publications and through scientific communication presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04936568.
Epidemiology, aetiology, interventions and genomics in children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: protocol for a multisite registry
Authors: Dahan-Oliel Noémi , van Bosse Harold , Darsaklis Vasiliki Betty , Rauch Frank , Bedard Tanya , Bardai Ghalib , James Michelle , Raney Ellen , Freese Krister , Hyer Lauren , Altiok Haluk , Pellett Jonathan , Giampietro Philip , Hall Judith , Hamdy Reggie Charles 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionArthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is an umbrella term including hundreds of conditions with the common clinical manifestation of multiple congenital contractures. AMC affects 1 in 3000 live births and is caused by lack of movement in utero. To understand the long-term needs of individuals diagnosed with a rare condition, it is essential to know the prevalence, aetiology and functional outcomes in a large sample. The development and implementation of a multicentre registry is critical to gather this data. This registry aims to improve health through genetic and outcomes research, and ultimately identify new therapeutic targets and diagnostics for treating children with AMC.Methods and analysisParticipants for the AMC registry will be recruited from seven orthopaedic hospitals in North America. Enrollment occurs in two phases; Part 1 focuses on epidemiology, aetiology and interventions. For this part, retrospective and cross-sectional data will be collected using a combination of patient-reported outcomes and clinical measures. Part 2 focuses on core subset of the study team, including a geneticist and bioinformatician, identifying causative genes and linking the phenotype to genotype via whole genome sequencing to identify genetic variants and correlating these findings with pedigree, photographs and clinical information. Descriptive analyses on the sample of 400 participants and logistic regression models to evaluate relationships between outcomes will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted from corresponding governing bodies in North America. Dissemination of findings will occur via traditional platforms (conferences, manuscripts) for the scientific community. Other modalities will be employed to ensure that all stakeholders, including youth, families and patient support groups, may be provided with findings derived from the registry. Ensuring the findings are circulated to a maximum amount of interested parties will ensure that the registry can continue to serve as a platform for hypothesis-driven research and further advancement for AMC.
Prognostic prediction models for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Ul-Mulk Zoheb , Antoniou George A 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionEndovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has a marked short-term advantage over open surgical repair in managing abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA); however, this benefit is lost in the long term. The current trend towards stratified medicine has given rise to diverse prognostic prediction models and scoring systems for EVAR. These models could act as decision support tools that employ patient and operative factors, to improve long-term outcomes. Past literature evaluated and compared model performance for predicting one outcome, for example, mortality. None were deemed competent for clinical application. The proposed study will use a scoping review approach to capture literature on prognostic modelling in EVAR for all predictable outcomes. The results are anticipated to inform future research, identify knowledge gaps, and assist in determining the potential of models for clinical use.Methods and analysisThe proposed study will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping Reviews as a framework for conducting the review. PubMed Central, Embase and Cochrane Library will be searched and screened for peer-reviewed studies on prognostic modelling for EVAR, published between 2000 and 2022. No limits exist on predictor variables used and outcomes predicted by the model for inclusion, provided they apply to AAA patients managed with EVAR. Data will be abstracted using a charting form based on the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies guidelines and PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. The Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis checklist will be used to critically appraise included studies.Ethics and disseminationSince scoping reviews cover secondary data from published literature, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at key conferences.
Experiences and perception of character strengths among patients with breast cancer in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Yan Tingting , Chan Carmen Wing Han , Chow Ka Ming , Li Mingzi 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the patients’ experiences on character strengths that Chinese patients experience after the diagnosis of breast cancer.DesignA qualitative, exploratory study using semistructured interviews based on the patients’ lived experience after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Ethics approval was granted. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Values in Action Classification of Strengths provided conceptual framework for analysing strengths. Directed content analysis based on the classification of strengths and framework analysis were used to analyse transcribed data. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guideline was followed.SettingThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital in China.ParticipantsAdult patients over 18 years, diagnosed with breast cancer between October 2019 and December 2020 were recruited. We used purposive sample method to collected data from 24 participants diagnosed with breast cancer.ResultsSix themes (virtues) emerged from our analysis. In addition, two new subthemes (character strengths) emerged in this study, selflessness and pragmatism, respectively. Patients with breast cancer described a large repertoire of character strengths they used or wished for during survivorship, including gratitude, hope, humility, kindness, humour, honesty and forgiveness. Cultural values (eg, collectivism, familyism, Confucianism and Buddhist beliefs) helped structure the experiences of Chinese patients’ character strengths. Patients wanted their character strengths to be more noticed, appreciated and encouraged by others and reported their psychological trajectory of using personal strengths.ConclusionThe findings indicated that patients with breast cancer believing character strengths are important to them. Medical staff should pay more attention to motivating and cultivating character strengths of patients with breast cancer. Attention to make strength-based practices workable in clinical health promotion programmes is necessary. The healthcare system should develop tailored individualised psychological services that specifically address patients' needs for the application of personalised character strengths.Trial registration numberNCT04219267, Pre-results.
Two-year visual and psychological outcomes of ranibizumab and subsequent treatment for diabetic macular oedema in Japan (MERCURY)
Authors: Sakamoto Taiji , Shimura Masahiko , Kitano Shigehiko , Ohji Masahito , Ogura Yuichiro , Yamashita Hidetoshi , Suzaki Makoto , Mori Kimie , Kozawa Masanari , Yap Poh Sin , Kaneko Takeumi , Ishibashi Tatsuro 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveWe report the 2-year visual and psychological outcomes of the MERCURY study, examining the long-term effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab and subsequent therapy in Japanese patients with diabetic macular oedema with impaired visual acuity (VA) in the real-world setting.Methods and analysisThis was a 24-month, phase 4, open-label, single-arm, multicentre, prospective, observational study. Following an initial dose of ranibizumab (0.5 mg) by intravitreal injection (0.05 mL), treatment was administered as needed after month 1. The primary treated eye (PTE) was the first eye that received a ranibizumab injection.ResultsIn total, 209 patients were enrolled; 192 (91.9%) and 174 (83.3%) completed months 12 and 24, respectively. In the PTE set, mean±SD changes in best-corrected VA (BCVA) from baseline to months 12 (primary endpoint) and 24 were −0.08±0.35 (p=0.015) and −0.13±0.30 (p<0.001) logarithmic minimum angle of resolution, respectively. Mean±SD central subfoveal thickness (CSFT) changes from baseline to months 12 and 24 were −102.3±146.1 µm (p<0.001) and −103.6±157.2 µm (p<0.001), respectively. Patients receiving three injections during the first 2 months had greater BCVA improvements throughout the study than those receiving 1–2 consecutive injections. Overall, 91 (43.5%) and 130 (62.2%) patients had ocular and non-ocular adverse events, respectively. At month 24, the mean±SD Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-Anxiety and HADS-Depression scores decreased by 0.44±3.75 (p=0.196) and 0.19±3.38 (p=0.541), respectively.ConclusionsAt 24 months after initiation of ranibizumab and subsequent treatment, patients showed significant BCVA and CSFT improvements. Long-term treatment was considered safe and tolerable and did not lead to worsened psychological status.
Identifying common health indicators from paediatric core outcome sets: a systematic review with narrative synthesis using the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability
Authors: Harbottle Victoria , Arnott Bronia , Gale Chris , Rowen Elizabeth , Kolehmainen Niina 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundIndicators of child health have the potential to inform societal conversations, decision-making and prioritisation. Paediatric core outcome sets are an increasingly common way of identifying a minimum set of outcomes for trials within clinical groups. Exploring commonality across existing sets may give insight into universally important and inclusive child health indicators.MethodsA search of the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trial register from 2008 to 2022 was carried out. Eligible articles were those reporting on core outcome sets focused on children and young people aged 0–18 years old. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used as a framework to categorise extracted outcomes. Information about the involvement of children, young people and their families in the development of sets was also extracted.Results206 articles were identified, of which 36 were included. 441 unique outcomes were extracted, mapping to 22 outcome clusters present across multiple sets. Medical diagnostic outcomes were the biggest cluster, followed by pain, communication and social interaction, mobility, self-care and school. Children and young people’s views were under-represented across core outcome sets, with only 36% of reviewed studies including them at any stage of development.ConclusionsExisting paediatric core outcome sets show overlap in key outcomes, suggesting the potential for generic child health measurement frameworks. It is unclear whether existing sets best reflect health dimensions important to children and young people, and there is a need for better child and young person involvement in health indicator development to address this.
Autophagic flux restoration enhances the antitumor efficacy of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Zhang Chaoting , Sun Yizhe , Li Shance , Shen Luyan , Teng Xia , Xiao Yefei , Wu Nan , Lu Zheming 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAlthough adoptive cell therapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has mediated effective antitumor responses in several cancers, dysfunction and exhaustion of TILs significantly impair the therapeutic effect of TILs. Thus, it is essential to elucidate the exhausted characteristics of TILs and improve the antitumor effect of TILs by reversing their exhaustion. Here, we focused on the influence of autophagy on TILs in terms of T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro and in vivo.MethodsWe first evaluated autophagy level of TILs and influence of spermidine treatment on autophagy levels of TILs. Furthermore, we assessed the proliferative potential, phenotypical characteristics, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and antitumor activity of TILs with and without spermidine treatment.ResultsWe found that autophagic flux of TILs, especially exhausted TILs that express inhibitory immunoreceptors and have impaired proliferative capacity and decreased production of cytotoxic effector molecules, was significantly impaired. The restoration of autophagic flux via spermidine treatment resulted in increased diversity of the TCR repertoire, reduced expression of inhibitory immunoreceptors (PD1, TIM3, or LAG3), enhanced proliferation and effector functions, which subsequently demonstrated the superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of TILs. Our findings unveil that spermidine, as an autophagy inducer, reverses dysfunction and exhaustion of TILs and subsequently improves the antitumor activity of TILs.ConclusionsThese data suggest that spermidine treatment presents an opportunity to improve adoptive TIL therapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
Nucleon axial form factor at large momentum transfers
Authors: Chen Chen , Roberts Craig D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing a Poincaré-covariant quark+diquark Faddeev equation and related symmetry-preserving weak interaction current, we deliver parameter-free predictions for the nucleon axialvector form factor, $$G_A(Q^2)$$

G
A

(

Q
2

)

, on the domain $$0\le x=Q^2/m_N^2\le 10$$

0
≤
x
=

Q
2

/

m
N
2

≤
10

, where $$m_N$$

m
N

is the nucleon mass. We also provide a detailed analysis of the flavour separation of the proton $$G_A$$

G
A

into contributions from valence u and d quarks; and with form factors available on such a large $$Q^2$$

Q
2

domain, predictions for the flavour-separated axial-charge light-front transverse spatial density profiles. Our calculated axial charge ratio $$g_A^d/g_A^u=-0.32(2)$$

g
A
d

/

g
A
u

=
-
0.32

(
2
)

is consistent with available experimental data and markedly larger in magnitude than the value typical of nonrelativistic quark models. The value of this ratio is sensitive to the strength of axialvector diquark correlations in the Poincaré-covariant nucleon wave function. Working with a realistic axialvector diquark content, the d and u quark transverse density profiles are similar. Some of these predictions could potentially be tested with new data on threshold pion electroproduction from the proton at large $$Q^2$$

Q
2

.