bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies and Simulations of PbPb Collisions at

sNN=2.76

TeV with the Glauber Monte Carlo Model
Authors: Zhang Jiankun , Wang Lihong , Ni Ning , Wang Pengli , Jiang Xinyun , Liu Yuxin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to simulate nuclear collisions. We review the theoretical background, experimental techniques, and the phenomena presented and provided by the original Glauber model and experiment. Based on the original Glauber model, we change the data and algorithm to test and compare our model with the original results. Then we figure out the spatial eccentricity of quark gluon plasma in different models and analyze the progress in the Glauber model at collider energies.
The Advantages and Applications of IGBT Compared with Conventional BJT and MOSFET
Authors: He Xibin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, the power semiconductor devices have been used in many fields like wind power generation systems, the rail transit. Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) as well as some other devices are the dominating the market. The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) as a mixed device of the BJT and the MOSFET, has a preeminent performance. In this paper, the characteristics of the punch through IGBT (PT-IGBT), the MOSFET and the BJT will be investigated by TCAD. Then the PT-IGBT is compared with the BJT and the MOSFET, for concluding its advantages. According to the simulation result, the PT-IGBT has the on-state current of 9*10-4A and the forward blocking voltage of 1200V, which are much higher than the other two devices. In the end of the paper, the development of the semiconductor devices is predicted, about the research trends.
Optimization Analysis on Seismic Mitigation of Building Foundation in Coastal Area
Authors: Li Zongheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The stability of the buildings foundation in coastal areas caused by the submarine earthquake caused by the seabed plate movement has increasingly become the research focus of the engineering construction department. For the foundation under special geological conditions in coastal areas, the failure mechanism is complicated and the stress analysis is difficult. Based on the current situation of seismic design of building foundation in coastal areas, and aiming at the immature aspects of seismic treatment of foundation in coastal areas, this paper analyzes the optimization scheme of seismic design of foundation in such areas, which provides reference ideas for seismic design of building foundation in coastal seismic zones in China. In this paper, the research method is mainly through the comparative analysis of the relevant coastal engineering foundation treatment cases, the comparison of their treatment schemes and the combination of the existing foundation damping theory to summarize the suggestions on the foundation damping design under the special geological conditions in China’s coastal areas. In this paper, it is suggested that two aspects should be considered in the design of foundation vibration reduction in coastal areas: the application of dampers to reduce the vibration of foundation structures and the reinforcement of rock and soil under the foundation to meet the requirements of vibration reduction.
Dependence on Collision Centrality of Charged Particle Production at

SNN=2.76TeV
Authors: Li Qianyu , Guo Chunyu , Yuan Weisong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ALICE collaboration provides data for particle collisions. With the help of Glauber model calculation, the collisions are categorized in to different centralities. Then, a tracklet algorithm is used on each of the centrality category. The relationship between charged particle production and collision centrality is derived, and the result is in agreement with similar work done previously.
The Progress and the State-of-Art Facilities of Inertial Confinement Fusion
Authors: Ma Zijian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Contemporarily, as a tool to address issue of energy shortage, controlled fusion has become a hot technology. Although there are ways to achieve controlled fusion, it is currently not efficient enough to produce electricity based on power plant. The topic of this paper is to introduce a method of controlled nuclear fusion derived from laser technology, inertial confinement fusion. This research analyzed from plenty of angles in terms of its development in recent years. Firstly, the article proposes the concept of fusion and inertial confinement fusion. The main contradiction is the usage of compression to achieve high ignition points. In fact, the goal of this paper is to try to reach this ignition point in various ways. After demonstrating the basic concept of the inertial confinement fusion, mathematical expression for ignition and the principle of laser, it is found that its efficiency can be increased in several ways, i.e., amplifying lasers, adding magnetic field, and shock ignition that changes the waveform. It’s still not up to production standards, but inertial confinement fusion does give a path to achieve the goal. These results shed light on guiding further exploration for ICF as well as predict the future development direction.
The Progress and Potential Applications of Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect
Authors: Deng Yuanyang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quantum Hall effect is a very common research direction in recent years, many scientists have carried out in-depth research and experiments in this field. In this paper, the advancements and applications of the quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE) are being presented and discussed. Primarily, the principle and development of QAHE are analyzed. The QAHE is obtained by suppressing one of the edge states based on the quantum spin Hall effect(QSHE). The main experimental method is to add hybrid magnetic atoms in topological insulators. Since first successfully observed the phenomenon in 2013 by a Chinese group, multiple studies and experiments have been carried out on this kind of theory, and many equally important results have been obtained. Moreover, many application values and potentials of QAHE are explored. The research in this paper is helpful to deepen the understanding of the principle and experiment of QAHE and offer a guideline for further exploration.
The Progress and the State-of-Art Processes for Ultra-Intensity Laser-Driven Accelerators
Authors: Wang Hanxian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Contemporarily, with rapid development of the laser techniques, it is feasible to accelerate particles based on ultra-intensity laser. Compared to the conventional accelerators, the occupation and costs are much smaller. With this in mind, this article aims to conclude the achievement of laser acceleration in those years. In this paper, the property of the wakefield acceleration, CPA, and optical tweezer are summarized and the achievements of the state-of-art facilities are also demonstrated. However, there are still some influence factors in the acceleration, and the limitations of the laser acceleration are also mentioned. Based on the analysis, the future routine for this scheme will be proposed accordingly. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration for laser-driven accelerators.
The Principle and State-of-art Applications for CT Detector
Authors: Qiu Hongrui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Contemporarily, significant progress has been made in the development and application of image fusion technology in the field of diagnostic imaging. Image fusion is a fully automated image alignment and interpretation system that not only allows images with different characteristics to be displayed, interpreted, compared, and analyzed on the same platform, but also provides a fast and seamless pathway to clinical diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore the imaging theory, clinical advantages and limitations of CT. At the beginning of the study, the definition and development history of CT will be explained. Subsequently, in addition to imaging theory and key parameters, one can also understand the individual advantages and clinical application of CT. Afterwards, the limitations of CT will be mentioned, and the new technology of PET/CT will be introduced. As the most advanced medical imaging technology, PET/CT has improved the way of single PET and CT scanning, making them more widely used, making it the best combination of medical imaging and diagnostic technology. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of CT.
The Recent Progress and the State-of-Art Applications for Different Types of Hall Effect
Authors: An Pengyu , Zhao Heng , Wang Ruoyu , Zhang Changyang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Contemporarily, plenty of important breakthroughs in the systematic theoretical research of Hall effect as well as a great number of applications of Hall effect have taken place. In this paper, we elucidate the theoretical development and application of the Hall effect. To be specific, the category of Hall effect and recent progress in this research field. According to the analysis, the study of Hall effect was a complex system and still have potential to develop further on theories or applications. In addition, the scheme to effectively apply Quantum Anomalous Hall effect on high-performance electronic devices and the path to commercially manufacture them should be followed with interest are detailly demonstrated. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of emerging subject, e.g., the 3D Hall effect and Valley Hall effect and their corresponding applications.
Research on Fabrication Method of Low-Temperature Superconducting Joints
Authors: Sun Hanqi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Superconducting joints (SJs) are essential materials for the development of modern technology, which is widely used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and other fields. This paper introduces the preparation method of the low-temperature SJs, compares their characteristics and advantages, and introduces the measurement method of small resistance and the most important application of SJs.
The Principle, Progress and State-of-Art Applications of Spin Hall Effect
Authors: Li Ziang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spin Hall effect (SHE) is a phenomenon caused by spin-orbit coupling effect, which is able to generate transverse spin currents by electrical current under external electric field. Contemporarily, it has been used as spin current detectors and generators in various experiments. This paper will discuss the basic principle, current experiments and applications of SHE. According to the analysis, SHEs in different heavy metal material is measured and compared. Besides, some spin Hall materials are believed to have potential in building better memories in massive computing tasks. Moreover, the spin Hall effect of light (SHEL) is also becoming an active research area. In the future, increasing number of spin Hall material will be discovered and the research of SHE will absolutely deepen the understanding of spin-orbit interactions in different physical systems. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of SHE.
The Design and Simulation of a Fifth-order Chebyshev Low-Pass Filter
Authors: Mei Aodong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chebyshev filter is a design classification of filters. It uses the Chebyshev transfer function, and has many filter types, such as high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, high-resistance, band-stop and so on. Compared with the Butterworth filter, the transition band of the Chebyshev filter is very narrow, but the internal amplitude-frequency characteristics are unstable [1][2]. Chebyshev filter achieves complex transmission zeros to improve the group delay characteristics in the pass band and reduce the signal distortion. In the process of designing a five-order Chebyshev filter, an active filter network needs to be established, and each stage of the low-pass filter composed of an amplifier is connected in the same cascade to form a multi-order Chebyshev low-pass filter. To design a Chebyshev filter, a Sallen-key structure is needed, and the transfer function is determined according to the position and size of the different resistors and capacitors placed, and a Chebyshev filter with different functions is constructed. The Multisim Simulation software is used to simulate the design results, and the frequency response amplitude curve in the image is found to be fluctuating with equal ripple in the pass or stop band.
Modeling and Control Design of Wind-Battery Integrated Grid System
Authors: Bu Tianle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to the large amount of increase in wind power generation in the past decade, the wind-battery storage systems are needed. Using such systems can neutralize the power fracture and instability caused by wind power production. This paper begins with reviewing the system components, mainly wind turbine (WT) and battery energy storage system (BESS), including how they work, what problem they resolve, and what challenges they are facing. Then this paper will present mathematical modeling methods for those components and the wind-battery integrated system itself. Finally, different control methods will be reviewed.
Study of Messier 7 Open Cluster with Gaia EDR3
Authors: Hu Ke , Zhou Qingya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This research aims to study the general characteristics of Messier 7 Open Cluster using ESA’s Gaia EDR3. Fields of this research includes motion of the star cluster, structure of the star cluster, stage of evolution for the individual stars, stellar isochrone approximation, and possible exoplanets detection. The processes of data analysis in this research, which includes selection, calculation, and graphing, are based on coding in Python language with Astropy Python Library. The purpose of this research is to portrait the Messier 7 Open Cluster in general based on these parameters, while also to provide a possible method of data analysis for all similar research on particular star cluster in the future.
Transit and Radial Velocity Analysis of Exoplanets Around Stars Associated with Hot Jupiters
Authors: Huai Zhaoyu , Liu Xicheng , Ye Danfeng , Ning Yutong , Li Mingyang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hot Jupiters are gas giant planets that have proximity to their host stars with very short orbital periods. The discovery of hot Jupiters challenges the previous hypothesis of planetary formation. To improve our knowledge of Hot Jupiters, this work further investigates over 50 stars surrounded by hot Jupiters by analyzing the updated transit data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), and the radial velocity data primarily from the Keck Telescope. With the limb darkening model and the eccentric orbit model, planetary parameters of the stars are updated. Furthermore, the evidence of wide orbiting planetary masses of some planetary systems is discovered in this paper. Further investigations could be done on the presence of the unseen and non-transiting masses to support the migration hypothesis of the formation of Hot Jupiters.
Investigation of Companion Stars Around White Dwarfs
Authors: Liu Yuheng , Fu Jiani , Xu Yihan , Lao Tianlin , Liu Silong , Tian Yuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Astronomers have discovered numerous stars in galaxies, each with unique characteristics that mostly evolve into white dwarfs when reaching an evolutionary limit. A star with a low or medium mass less than about eight times the mass of the sun becomes a white dwarf after exhausting its nuclear fuels and begins to condense inwards by the force of gravitational attraction, leading to the final collapse. In this paper, the investigation analyzes three companion stars orbiting around three dwarfs by utilizing data provided by TESS (Tess Exoplanet Survey Satellite) Program G04137, providing more than 5200 candidate white dwarfs for a transiting planet. After testing 5200 known candidates of white dwarf provided by Tess Program G04137, the investigation decided to analyze three companion stars of TIC 403292348, TIC 1860468684, and TIC 356659664. In the first case study, the number of white dwarfs with the possibility of hosting planets is estimated from analyzing BLS data from listed white dwarfs in Sector 40, and the accuracy and limitations of this method are discussed qualitatively as well. In the second case of TIC-1860468684, the investigation analyzes a binary system with a young and bright White Dwarf and a low mass star, where the white Dwarf has tidally locked the star, and there may be nova formed in this system due to material transfer in the future. In the last case of TIC 356659664, the situation of a target is calculated, and possible cause of the target white dwarf’s flux curve is estimated. By analyzing three companion stars around white dwarfs, more data will be provided for astronomers for future scientific research.
Numerical Investigations of Non-equal Mass and Non-equal Spacing Packing of Planetary Bodies
Authors: Liu Zhixing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the optimal packing of non-equally massed and non-equally spaced multi-planet systems through numerical N-body simulations. Previous studies have generally assumed that a system of equal mass planets will be optimally packed if they are also equally spaced, i.e., if the semi-major axis ratios between planet pairs is a constant. We explicitly test this assumption by obtaining the stability timescales of 5-planet systems around a Sun-like star (with masses varying from 3 Earth masses to 3 Jupiter masses) with increasing degrees of non-uniform-spacing represented by the parameter k. Such systems are simulated using N-body integrations until they reach the point of gravitationally unstable close encounters. For planets with equal masses, a value of k = 1 corresponds to equal spacing, whereas a value of k < 1 leads to the inner planets being more widely spaced than outer planets. We study the optimal value of k for optimal planet packing (i.e., longest stability time) under both equal mass and non-equal mass scenarios and find evidence that k = 1 is optimal under most (but not all) initial conditions; we discuss the scenarios where k < 1 may be preferable. We also study the role that distance to mean-motion resonances (MMRs) play in determining the configurations of optimal planet packing.
Using Cosmic Watch Detectors to Measure the Attenuation Coefficient of Cosmic Muon in the Lead Bricks
Authors: Su Hang , He Xiangjuan , Hong Shuqi , Lin Ziqi , Sun Banghao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper calculates the attenuation using a portable cosmic ray detector, Cosmicwatch. The detection was taken 1164749 times and recorded into the SiPM card. Unsatisfying, our result varies largely from other papers. However, the performance may be disturbed by changes in their usual environment. From a more accurate perspective, more regulation of the environment, such as temperature, is needed. Nevertheless, CosmicWatch is still a practical educational resource for universities.
Antimatter and Its Application-Collecting Antimatter and Storage It as Energy Source
Authors: Zhang Ruichen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As antimatter and its potential to use as an energy source is discovered by modern scientists, there are few reviews to introduce the history and applications of antimatter which is the aim of the paper. This paper provides a brief introduction to how antimatter was discovered and some possible applications of antimatter in the future. In this paper, the physics of antimatter and the creation, storage and using ways of antimatter will be described. After that, I will summarize the feasibility of utilizing the energy from the annihilation of antimatter-matter. And some possibilities of applications based on this energy, like antimatter ships and antimatter factories, will be discussed.
The Correlation Between Black Hole Accretion and Star Formation Rate Based on IllustrisTNG100-1
Authors: Li Qiyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Observational results suggest the co-evolution relationship between the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies. However, the definitive conclusion of the correlation between the star formation rate (SFR) and central black hole accretion rate (BHAR) remains unclear. In this paper, the correlation between the BHAR and SFR is investigated in terms of cosmological simulation IllustrisTNG100-1. In simulation, BHs are divided into 2 types (quasar state and kinetic state) based on their accretion speed and the feedback mechanisms between the two are different. The strong positive correlation between BHAR and SFR for quasar state BHs and low-mass kinetic state BHs is revealed. However, for high mass kinetic-state BHs, the SFR manifestation a BHAR and BH mass-independent randomly distribution. According to the analysis, this phenomenon is attributed to the environmentally insensitive, self-regulate accretion rate for high mass BHs at late time. The properties of these BHs are described, which offers a guideline for high mass AGNs observation and theorical investigations on their accretion and feedback.
Comparison of the Detection Paradigms of Axion and WIMPs
Authors: Lu Zhenhan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Contemporarily, as a popular topic for a long time, dark matter has been widely discussed. There are different dark matters candidates proposed by scholars which are likely to exist in the universe. This paper discussed about the detection schemes of two different types of dark matters, i.e., axion and WIMPs. The different detection methods are based on different properties of the dark matters. Their differences in mass, electricity, interaction between other particles or other various natures contribute to different detection methods. For WIMPs, direct detection, indirect detection, accelerator searches, bark stars and high energy solar neutrinos are proper methods. Regarding to axion, all different experiments held to detect axion almost based on the same idea, which is axion can transform into photons and vice versa in strong electromagnetic field. Testing the dark matters through various ways can have a more credible result. Moreover, this study summarizes the detection methods for each dark matter, and try to figure out the inherit reasons behind it. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of the detection of dark matters.
Distance Causes Departure: Characteristics of Galaxies Vulnerable to Photometric Redshift Measurements
Authors: Wang Xinyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this article, we developed the method for calculating photometric redshift through a simple linear regression model. By studying the training set DR17 in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), using the spectroscopic redshift data do the fitting job, we got linear coefficients and apply it to the target set and study the model. By dividing the estimation into several levels, analyzing the scatterplot and spectrum for galaxies in each divided set, we find that the percentage error, defined as is correlated with the distance of the galaxy from observatory in some basis. Further research should be done for making better curves using machine learning and complex models, and increasing the dataset.
Maintenance Strategy for Different Values of System Components
Authors: He Jie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of the huge direct and indirect losses caused by vehicle failure is discussed. To solve the problem, we focus on the brake system of automobile as the research object and classification of high and low reliability value according to the characteristics of different components. On this basis, the maintenance strategy and cost analysis formula are given. Finally, the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the cost calculation on MATLAB.