bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat lodging extraction using Improved_Unet network
Authors: Yu Jun , Cheng Tao , Cai Ning , Lin Fenfang , Zhou Xin-Gen , Du Shizhou , Zhang Dongyan , Zhang Gan , Liang Dong 
Published: September 2022

The accurate extraction of wheat lodging areas can provide important technical support for post-disaster yield loss assessment and lodging-resistant wheat breeding. At present, wheat lodging assessment is facing the contradiction between timeliness and accuracy, and there is also a lack of effective lodging extraction methods. This study aims to propose a wheat lodging assessment method applicable to multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight heights. The quadrotor UAV was used to collect high-definition images of wheat canopy at the grain filling and maturity stages, and the Unet network was evaluated and improved by introducing the Involution operator and Dense block module. The performance of the Improved_Unet was determined using the data collected from different flight heights, and the robustness of the improved network was verified with data from different years in two different geographical locations. The results of analyses show that (1) the Improved_Unet network was better than other networks (Segnet, Unet and DeeplabV3+ networks) evaluated in terms of segmentation accuracy, with the average improvement of each indicator being 3% and the maximum average improvement being 6%. The Improved_Unet network was more effective in extracting wheat lodging areas at the maturity stage. The four evaluation indicators, Precision, Dice, Recall, and Accuracy, were all the highest, which were 0.907, 0.929, 0.884, and 0.933, respectively; (2) the Improved_Unet network had the strongest robustness, and its Precision, Dice, Recall, and Accuracy reached 0.851, 0.892, 0.844, and 0.885, respectively, at the verification stage of using lodging data from other wheat production areas; and (3) the flight height had an influence on the lodging segmentation accuracy. The results of verification show that the 20-m flight height performed the best among the flight heights of 20, 40, 80 and 120 m evaluated, and the segmentation accuracy decreased with the increase of the flight height. The Precision, Dice, Recall, and Accuracy of the Improved_Unet changed from 0.907 to 0.845, from 0.929 to 0.864, from 0.884 to 0.841, and from 0.933 to 0.881, respectively. The results demonstrate the improved ability of the Improved-Unet to extract wheat lodging features. The proposed deep learning network can effectively extract the areas of wheat lodging, and the different height fusion models developed from this study can provide a more comprehensive reference for the automatic extraction of wheat lodging.
“Antibiotics are for everyone, our past and our future generations, right? If antibiotics are dead, we will be in big trouble”: Building on community values for public engagement on appropriate use of antibiotics in Singapore
Authors: Guo Huiling , Hildon Zoe Jane-Lara , Chow Angela 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionShared decision-making (SDM) and trust building through continuity of care are known to play a pivotal role in improving appropriate antibiotic prescribing and use.ProblemHowever, less is known about how to effectively leverage these factors when present—or overcome them when not—to address community needs and improve patient liaison.MethodsWe addressed this question using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. Focus group discussions (N = 13; August 2018–September 2020), were analyzed alongside a nationally-representative cross-sectional survey (N = 2004; November 2020–January 2021), in Singapore. Descriptive quantitative analyses and multivariable logistic regression were undertaken to examine antibiotic knowledge and factors associated with preference for SDM. Qualitative applied thematic analysis was integrated with these data to further explain the findings.FindingsPoor knowledge and misbeliefs on appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were identified. For example, only 9% of the surveyed population understood that AMR occurs when the bacteria, not the human body, become resistant to antibiotics. Qualitative data corroborated the survey findings and suggested a shared value was placed on public education to avoid the fallout from resistant bacterial strains on current and future generations. This study also identified the opportunity to harness community trust in primary care doctors, who were described as highly valued educators for antibiotic use and AMR. Those who had trust in doctors were 75% more likely to prefer SDM (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.10–2.77, P = 0.017), especially adults aged ≥50 years who were receiving continued care with a regular doctor (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.18–2.86, P = 0.007). Continuity of care was observed to value-add SDM by building trusting relationships, though it was often absent in younger populations.ConclusionThis study highlights the long-term value-add of building on cultural capital pertaining to appropriate antibiotic use and AMR, by leveraging on the role of trust in doctors, desire for SDM and anchoring these in continuity of care when possible.RecommendationsUsing focused messaging and exploring alternative channels of communications such as annual check-ins or tele-consultations with a regular doctor, and emphasizing continuity of care across all age groups would help bridge the identified gaps.
Predicting the behavioral intentions of hospice and palliative care providers from real-world data using supervised learning: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Chu Tianshu , Zhang Huiwen , Xu Yifan , Teng Xiaohan , Jing Limei 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundHospice and palliative care (HPC) aims to improve end-of-life quality and has received much more attention through the lens of an aging population in the midst of the coronavirus disease pandemic. However, several barriers remain in China due to a lack of professional HPC providers with positive behavioral intentions. Therefore, we conducted an original study introducing machine learning to explore individual behavioral intentions and detect factors of enablers of, and barriers to, excavating potential human resources and improving HPC accessibility.MethodsA cross-sectional study was designed to investigate healthcare providers' behavioral intentions, knowledge, attitudes, and practices in hospice care (KAPHC) with an indigenized KAPHC scale. Binary Logistic Regression and Random Forest Classifier (RFC) were performed to model impacting and predict individual behavioral intentions.ResultsThe RFC showed high sensitivity (accuracy = 0.75; F1 score = 0.84; recall = 0.94). Attitude could directly or indirectly improve work enthusiasm and is the most efficient approach to reveal behavioral intentions. Continuous practice could also improve individual confidence and willingness to provide HPC. In addition, scientific knowledge and related skills were the foundation of implementing HPC.ConclusionIndividual behavioral intention is crucial for improving HPC accessibility, particularly at the initial stage. A well-trained RFC can help estimate individual behavioral intentions to organize a productive team and promote additional policies.
Knowledgeable, aware / interested: Young black women's perceptions of pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Haider Sadia , Friedman Eleanor E. , Ott Emily , Moore Amy , Pandiani Agustina , Desmarais Catherine , Johnson Amy K. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeHIV in the United States disproportionately affects young Black women. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention option that has the potential to reduce HIV incidence among HIV-vulnerable populations. However, data regarding women's awareness, interest in starting, and feelings of acceptability or stigma about PrEP remains limited, particularly among adolescent and young Black women.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with 100 sexually active young Black women ages 13–24 years attending women's health clinics in Chicago, IL. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and determine more about what the PrEP needs and barriers are in this community. Associations were modeled using logistic regression and 95% confidence intervals for both bivariate and multivariable models.ResultsIn our survey (N = 100), half of study participants (50%) expressed interest in starting PrEP in the next three months and a majority (80%) of young women were confident they could obtain PrEP. Pregnant young women were significantly more interested in starting PrEP than non-pregnant women [OR 2.3 95% CI (1.0, 5.4)], p = 0.05), however, this association did not remain significant in adjusted models.ConclusionsThis study provides a more complete understanding of awareness, interest in, and acceptability of PrEP among adolescent and young Black women attending women's health clinics. Findings indicate sustained interest in starting PrEP, reduced stigma, and increased awareness of PrEP among young Black women. These findings suggest that integrating PrEP into women's health clinics is a promising strategy to increase awareness and utilization of PrEP and decrease HIV transmission among youth at highest risk.
Feasibility of leveraging menstrual cycle tracking apps for preconception research recruitment
Authors: Jukic Anne Marie Z. , Jahnke Hannah R. , MacNell Nathaniel , Bradley Danielle , Malloy Shannon M. , Baird Donna D. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMobile applications (apps) present a new opportunity to study menstrual cycles and time to pregnancy. Understanding the characteristics of cycle tracking app users is important to evaluate the feasibility of recruiting participants for preconception research.MethodsUsers of a cycle tracking smartphone app, Ovia Fertility, aged 18 or older in the U.S. were randomly invited via email to complete a “fertility research” questionnaire that included demographic and reproductive characteristics. Among those attempting pregnancy without medical assistance, attempt duration, factors influencing pregnancy planning, health history and behaviors while attempting to conceive were queried. Respondents could choose to enter a raffle for a $50 gift card.ResultsInitially, 639 people responded to the demographics portion of the survey representing 49 states and Washington DC. Of these, 344 (54%) were trying to conceive and of those, 297 (86%) were not using medical treatments. Of those not trying to conceive, 12% reported that they planned to start in the next 3 months. Most participants were ages 26–35 (63%), of White race (70%), reported non-Hispanic ethnicity (87%), had at least a bachelor's degree (56%) and an income between $50,000 and $200,000 (58%). One-third were of recommended BMI (35%), 24% overweight, and 41% obese. Most participants reported no fertility-related health conditions (58%). Forty-eight participants (17%) had been trying to conceive for 1 month or less, 88 (31%) had been trying for 2 months or less, and 122 (43%) for 3 months or less. Interruptions in pregnancy attempts were common, 31% reported periods without intercourse. Of those attempting pregnancy, 47% of partners completed their own questionnaire.ConclusionThis first-of its-kind analysis describes users of a cycle-tracking smartphone app who could be eligible for recruitment to a prospective time-to-pregnancy study. Survey respondents were diverse with respect to geographic location, BMI, and income. However, special recruitment efforts will be needed to recruit participants and partners who identify as other than non-Hispanic White. Participants with fertility-related conditions are not overly represented among app users who are trying to conceive. Targeting and pre-enrolling app users who are planning to begin a pregnancy attempt in the next 3 months may be an advantage of app-based recruitment.
Factors influencing the development of bone starvation syndrome after total parathyroidectomy in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Peng Xuyang , Xia Xiaofang , Li Zhouting , Cheng Feng , Zhu Xi 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo investigate the factors affecting the development of bone starvation syndrome (HBS) after total parathyroidectomy in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).Patients and methodsThe clinical data and perioperative indices of 141 patients who underwent PTX for SHPT were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into HBS and non-HBS groups based on postoperative minimum blood calcium &lt;1.87 mmol/L. The differences in general clinical data and perioperative related indices between the two groups were compared; logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors influencing HBS occurrence after surgery. Multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the factors influencing the maintenance time of intravenous calcium supplementation and total amount of calcium supplementation during intravenous calcium supplementation. The threshold value for the diagnosis of HBS was analyzed using the ROC subjects' working curve.ResultsHBS occurred in 46 (32.6%) patients. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in dialysis age, preoperative calcitonin, preoperative parathyroid hormone, preoperative blood phosphorus, and preoperative alkaline phosphatase between both groups (P &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis using stepwise entry method concluded that preoperative alkaline phosphatase was an independent factor for the development of HBS after surgery. Preoperative parathyroid hormone was an independent factor for the duration of intravenous calcium supplementation and total calcium supplementation during intravenous calcium supplementation in the HBS group. Based on the ROC curve, for postoperative HBS, the cut-off ALP value was 199.5 U/L, with a sensitivity of 80.85% and specificity of 82.61%.ConclusionPreoperative serum ALP may be an independent factor for HBS occurrence after surgery. When preoperative ALP &gt; 199.5 U/L, patients with SHPT are prone to HBS after surgery, and the higher the preoperative ALP, the higher the incidence of HBS, and vice versa. In addition, preoperative PTH may be the factor in the timing of postoperative intravenous calcium supplementation and the total amount of calcium supplementation during intravenous calcium supplementation in patients with HBS.
Laparoscopic surgery for gallstones or common bile duct stones: A stably safe and feasible surgical strategy for patients with a history of upper abdominal surgery
Authors: Yang Shaojie , Wu Shuodong , Dai Wanlin , Pang Liwei , Xie Yaofeng , Ren Tengqi , Zhang Xiaolin , Bi Shiyuan , Zheng Yuting , Wang Jingnan , Sun Yang , Zheng Zhuyuan , Kong Jing 
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds/AimsA history of upper abdominal surgery has been identified as a relative contraindication for laparoscopy. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) in patients with and without previous upper abdominal surgery.MethodsIn total, 131 patients with previous upper abdominal surgery and 64 without upper abdominal surgery underwent LC or LCBDE between September 2017 and September 2021 at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Patients with previous upper abdominal surgery were divided into four groups: group A included patients with previous right upper abdominal surgery who underwent LC (n = 17), group B included patients with previous other upper abdominal surgery who underwent LC (n = 66), group C included patients with previous right upper abdominal surgery who underwent LCBDE (n = 30), and group D included patients with previous other upper abdominal surgery who underwent LCBDE (n = 18). Patient demographics and perioperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe preoperative liver function indexes showed no significant difference between the observation and control groups. For patients who underwent LC, groups A and B had more abdominal adhesions than the control group. One case was converted to open surgery in each of groups A and B. There was no statistical difference in operation time, estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and drainage volume. For patients who underwent LCBDE, groups C and D had more estimated blood loss than the control group (group C, 41.33 ± 50.84 vs. 18.97 ± 13.12 ml, p = 0.026; group D, 66.11 ± 87.46 vs. 18.97 ± 13.12 ml, p = 0.036). Compared with the control group, group C exhibited longer operative time (173.87 ± 60.91 vs. 138.38 ± 57.38 min, p = 0.025), higher drainage volume (296.83 ± 282.97 vs. 150.83 ± 127.04 ml, p = 0.015), and longer postoperative hospital stay (7.97 ± 3.68 vs. 6.17 ± 1.63 days, p = 0.021). There was no mortality in all groups.ConclusionsLC or LCBDE is a safe and feasible procedure for experienced laparoscopic surgeons to perform on patients with previous upper abdominal surgery.
What Are the Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Lung Function Compared to Non-Electronic Cigarettes? A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Song Yumeng , Li Xin , Li Chaoxiu , Xu Shuang , Liu Yong , Wu Xiaomei 
Published: September 2022

Objective: The effects of e-cigarettes on lung function were compared between the e-cigarette and the non-e-cigarette group, as well as self-changes after inhaling e-cigarettes.Method: From March 1st, 2022, relevant literature was selected from four databases through a predefined retrieval strategy. Strict literature screening and quality evaluation were conducted. The study followed PRISMA guidelines.Results: Our results showed that CO (SMD: −1.48, 95%: −2.82–0.15) and FeNO (SMD: −0.66, 95%: −1.32, −0.01) were significantly decreased after e-cigarette usage. Only asthmatic smokers showed a statistically significant increase in flow resistance after inhaling e-cigarettes. Conversely, the decrease of FEV1/FVC% in the non-e-cigarette groups exceeded that in the e-cigarette group (SMD:1.18, 95%: 0.11–2.26). The degree of O2 saturation decrease was also less than that for the cigarette groups (SMD:0.32, 95%: 0.04–0.59), especially when compared to the conventional cigarette group (SMD:0.56, 95%: 0.04–1.08).Conclusion: The current findings indicate that short-term e-cigarette inhalation has a similar (but not significant) effect on lung function, as compared with non-e-cigarettes. More clinical studies are needed to explore the safety of inhaling e-cigarettes, especially in vulnerable populations.
Proteomic Analysis of the Seeds of Four Wild Mexican Lupinus Species: Focus on Storage Proteins
Authors: Xu Ruoxian , Sirtori Elena , Boschin Giovanna , Torres Kalina Bermudez , Arnoldi Anna , Aiello Gilda 
Published: September 2022

Lupinus is a wide genus, comprising between 300 and 500 species, most of them represented in America. Mexico is a secondary distribution center with more than 100 species growing along the highlands. Due to morphological similarities, the taxonomy of wild Lupinus species is still incomplete. It is, therefore, useful to collect morphological, chemical, and molecular data for the correct differentiation of these plants. In the present work, the composition of the seed proteins of four species: Lupinus aschenbornii Schauer, Lupinus campestris Cham and Schlecht, Lupinus hintonii C.P. Smith, and Lupinus montanus Kunth were analyzed. Seeds were collected at Iztaccihuatl—Popocatepetl National Park. Both total proteins and single protein families, purified by chromatographic procedures, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and 2D-electrophoresis and by LC-MS/MS analysis. Data were compared with those of domesticated species whose proteomes had been already described in the literature. The protein profile may be useful for species identification since they have specific characteristics in each single species.
Mössbauer Synchrotron and X-ray Studies of Ultrathin YFeO3 Films
Authors: Andreeva Marina , Baulin Roman , Nosov Aleksandr , Gribov Igor , Izyurov Vladimir , Kondratev Oleg , Subbotin Ilia , Pashaev Elkhan 
Published: September 2022

The YFeO3 orthoferrite is one of the most promising materials for antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronics. Most studies have dealt with bulk samples, while the thin YFeO3 films possess unusual and variable properties. Ultrathin (3–50 nm) YFeO3 films have been prepared by magnetron sputtering on the r-plane (1 1¯ 0 2)-oriented Al2O3 substrates (r-Al2O3). Their characterization was undertaken by the Mössbauer reflectivity method using a Synchrotron Mössbauer Source and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) including grazing incidence diffraction (GI-XRD). For thin films with different thicknesses, the spin reorientation was detected under the application of the magnetic field of up to 3.5 T. Structural investigations revealed a predominant orthorhombic highly textured YFeO3 phase with (00l) orientation for relatively thick (>10 nm) films. Some inclusions of the Y3Fe5O12 garnet (YIG) phase as well as a small amount of the hexagonal YFeO3 phase were detected in the Mössbauer reflectivity spectra and by XRD.
Numerical Computation of Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes Flow over a Stretching/Shrinking Vertical Cylinder in Presence of Thermal Radiation and Hydromagnetic
Authors: Aladdin Nur Adilah Liyana , Bachok Norfifah , Rosali Haliza , Wahi Nadihah , Abd Rahmin Nor Aliza , Arifin Norihan Md 
Published: September 2022

The discovery of hybrid carbon nanotubes shows the tendency toward the improvement of heat transfer performance in comparison to various classical fluids. This paper expands the novelty in utilizing the hybrid carbon nanotubes over vertical stretching/shrinking cylinder in presence of hydromagnetic and thermal radiation. It is essential to analyze the hydromagnetic due to its high potential capability especially in drug and gene release, hyperthermia effects as well as cell separation and manipulation in bio-medical field. The investigation on thermal radiation effect is added in this current study as it enhances the rate of heat transfer. To initiate this problem, partial differential equations (PDE) for the hybrid nanofluid flow with relevant boundary conditions (BCs) is set up and transformed into an ordinary differential equation (ODE). Adopting the similarity solutions and numerically solved using bvp4c (MATLAB). Findings on the variation of local Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, shear stress and local heat flux having the effects of magnetic, M, curvature, ϒ, thermal radiation, Nr, mixed convection parameter, λ as well as volume fraction of nanoparticles, φ are demonstrated and elaborated in detail. Moreover, the research reveals that duality of solutions occurs when the buoyance force is in opposing flow with respect to the fluid motion, λ<0, as well as shrinking area, ε<0. The occurrence of magnetic reduces the heat transfer as well as skin friction coefficient. In addition, the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number tend to improve as volume fraction of nanoparticles and curvature are increased. In contrast, the low of thermal radiation enhance the heat transfer. Indeed, the consequences of using hybrid carbon nanotubes help intensify the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number compared to SWCNT nanofluid and MWCNT nanofluid. These crucial findings may benefit the scientists and academicians hence giving an add-on value to their expertise. A stability analysis must be performed since there exists a non-unique solution throughout the computation.