bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between dexmedetomidine versus magnesium sulfate infusions for mitigating emergence agitation in obese adults undergoing nasal surgery
Authors: Salman Ossama H. , Ali Mohamed Hatem S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Emergence agitation is a potentially serious post-anesthetic event occurring in the early phase of recovery from general anesthesia, characterized by anxiety, disorientation, violent, and irrational behavior. Many agents have been used as prophylaxis with varying degrees of success. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine to magnesium sulfate in mitigating emergence agitation. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups of 35 each. Dexmedetomidine group (D group) received intraoperative Dex 0.7 μg/kg/h infusion (no loading dose). The magnesium sulfate group (M group) received intraoperative magnesium sulfate 20 mg/kg/h infusion (no loading dose). The control group (C group) received equal volume of saline infusion as placebo.

Results
The total incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in group D, 5.6% and group M, 8.5% compared to control group, 54.2%. The median time to extubation was significantly longer in group D than C and M groups (13, 7, and 8, respectively) and was not significantly different between group C and M. During recovery, the number of patients who experience pain was significantly lower in D and M groups compared to patients in control group (P < 0.002). The total dose of rescue analgesic was also significantly lower in D and M group versus control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate infusion are both equally effective in reducing the incidence of emergency agitation in obese adults undergoing nasal surgery. Extubation time and post-operative anesthesia care time were rather longer in dexmedetomidine than other groups.

Trial registration
Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04531371
In vitro antioxidants and antihypertensive properties of corn silk–lemon infusion
Authors: Rabi Ocheni Ojoma , Omoba Olufunmilayo Sade , Aderonke Ibidunni Olagunju 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Agricultural waste generated annually results to environmental pollution; these wastes are rich sources of important bioactive compounds and could be used therapeutically in the management of some ailments. Corn silk, a by-product of sweet corn and whole lemon were processed separately into corn silk flour (CSF) and lemon flour (LF). Flour blends formulation used were as follows: 100% CSF (A), 95% CSF and 5% LF (B), 90% CSF and 10% LF (C), 85% CSF and 15% LF (D) and 80% CSF and 20% LF (E). Chemical compositions of the blends were investigated, while the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), polyphenol profile, antioxidant activities, α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, nitric oxide, L-arginase, Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitions as well as the colour and sensory attributes of the infusions were investigated using standard methods.

Results
The moisture and total ash contents increased proportionally with increased substitution of LF as moisture content ranged from 4.83 to 8.40% and the total ash content ranged from 2.32 to 3.25%. The calculated energy values decreased from 390.48 to 361.42 kcal, with increase in LF. Potassium (K) contents also increased with values ranging from 4.65 to 5.82 mg/100 g, increase in LF incorporation promoted a decrease in the Na/K ratio from 0.8 to 0.55; the Phy:Ca and Phy:Zn ratios ranged from 1.20 to 2.86 and 2.08 to 4.04, respectively. No significant difference was observed in consumer acceptability but there were total colour differences (ΔE) in the infusion as compared to the control samples. Samples A and B exhibited notable antioxidant properties, α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, nitric oxide, L-arginase and the ACE inhibitory activities compared favourably with the commercial samples.

Conclusion
This study revealed that corn silk–lemon infusion especially sample A (100% CSF) may be a therapeutic tool in lowering blood pressure because it possesses potent antihypertensive properties.
A study to investigate variations in biochemical and nutritional profile among severely wasted children on medical nutrition therapy: a hospital-based study
Authors: Viswanathan Varun , Dias Bina , Sawant Vishal D. , Karnik Prachi , Jadhav Alka , Jadhav Madhubala , Rodrigues Blossom , Fernandes Lavina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aim and objectives
To study variations in biochemical and nutritional profile among children with severe thinness receiving medical nutrition therapy.

Methods
This study was conducted in 52 children of age between 5 and 12 years in Paediatric ward at Tertiary Care Centre over the period of 18 months. Serial anthropometry and blood collection was done on enrolment, 8 weeks and 6 months. Samples were analysed for serum lipid profile, calcium, magnesium, malondialdehyde and vitamin C levels.

Results
On enrolment all subjects had insufficient vitamin C levels, increased malondialdehyde levels, micronutrient deficiencies and altered lipid profile with less than desirable cholesterol, borderline HDL, severely low LDL and acceptable triglyceride levels. Subjects were started on MNT, i.e. indigenously prepared Ready-to-use therapeutic food. At 8 weeks, MNT improved vitamin C levels (91.1%) and 80% subjects had normalised malondialdehyde values and improvement in micronutrients with cholesterol (desirable in 44.4%), HDL (desirable in 51.1%), LDL values (acceptable in 24.4%) and triglyceride (high in 20.5%). At 6 months, subjects maintained vitamin C values to sufficient (81.5%) with normalising of MDA in 81.8% of subjects and with cholesterol (desirable in 55%), HDL (desirable in 33.1%) LDL (acceptable in 22.1%), and triglyceride (acceptable in 60%) and maintaining of micronutrients within normal ranges. 33.33% subjects showed improvement to thinness at the end of 6 months, while 44% subjects became normal by the end of study.

Conclusion
MNT or Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is effective in treating acute malnutrition and promoted as the treatment of choice for children in age group of 5–12 years.
Use of multiplex PCR in diagnosis of childhood acute viral diarrhoea caused by rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus in Upper Egypt
Authors: Othma Amr Abulhamd Sayed , Gomaa Howayda Ezz Eldin , El Anany Mervat Gaber , Abdul Rahman Eiman Mohammed , Hassan Eman Mahmoud , Abd Elbaky Abeer M. Nour Eldin , Soliman May Mohamed Sherif , Awadallah Eman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiarrhoea is still a major public health issue in developing countries, and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. We aimed to assess the use of a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay forthe detection of five viruses, includingrotavirus, norovirus (genogroups 1 and 2), astrovirus, and adenovirus, responsible for gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old in primary care centres in Upper Egypt.Subjects and methodsA total of 500 stool samples were collected. Fifty samples were randomly selected for viral examination using multiplex RT-PCRfor the detection of rotavirus, norovirus (genogroups 1 and 2), astrovirus, and adenovirus, causing diarrhoea.ResultsViruses were detected in 45 (90%) of the 50 stool samples. The most frequently identified virus was norovirus G2, followed by Group A rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus. Mixed infection by two and three viruses was observed in 7/50 cases (14%) and 2/50 cases (4%), respectively. Norovirus G1 was not detected in the samples examined.ConclusionOur study reveals that multiplex PCR allows for the detection of multiple viral targets in only one reaction, rendering the assay easier to perform compared to existing testing methodologies (RT-PCR and electron microscopy). Additionally, most of the viruses were detected in summer, and the highest prevalence was in the age group less than 1 year. Norovirus G2 and rotavirus were the most frequent agents and the most common coinfections responsible for gastroenteritis in children.
Management of massive bilothorax post-percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage
Authors: Vrachliotis Thomas G. , Spiliopoulos Stavros , Voros Dionisios 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Iatrogenic bilothorax is an infrequent major complication of percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and optimal treatment remains under-reported. The authors herein describe a case of PTBD complicated by a massive bilous effusion.

Case presentation
An 80-year-old male underwent PTBD due to malignant obstructive jaundice (total bilirubin 20.0 mg/dL). Following discharge, the patient was readmitted with severe dyspnea and recurrence of jaundice (total bilirubin 15.0 mg/dL). CT depicted the drainage catheter traversing the right costophrenic sulcus, complete obliteration of the right pleural space, no aerated right lung parenchyma and left mediastinal shift. The pleural effusion was successfully drained, and the biliary drainage catheter tract was sealed with Gelfoam pledgets and coils, to prevent bilopleural fistula formation and recurrence of the effusion.

Conclusions
In this case, a successful totally percutaneous management of iatrogenic bilothorax following PTBD is described. Due to the potential of rapid clinical deterioration and empyema formation, immediate evaluation and treatment are warranted. Prompt pleural drainage with antibiotic therapy and bile flow diversion from the pleural cavity are required.
A retrospective study of electrodiagnostically evaluated ulnar neuropathies with special guidelines for ulnar neuropathies at elbow
Authors: Yadav Ram Lochan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of type, severity of ulnar neuropathy based on symptoms and clinical tests are unsatisfactory. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze ulnar neuropathies at different sites evaluated through electrodiagnostic studies (EDx), especially for ulnar neuropathy at elbow (UNE).

Results
Total 270 ulnar neuropathy patients’ data were recruited from laboratory record over a five-year period (2016–2021).Their demographic data, clinical history and EDx parameters were analyzed focusing on etiology, nerve lesion types, 5th-digit sensory, dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve (DUCN) conduction, motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) across elbow along with EMG of ADM, FDI, FCU, FDP muscles. The patients grouped into traumatic injuries—27.8% (T) and 72.2% non-traumatic (NT) had varied sensory-motor symptoms: pain—10%, altered sensation—28.1%, pain-paresthesia—14.8%, atrophy—25.2% and clawing—8.9%. UNE was the most prevalent (82.75%-NT, 66.67% -T) with < 50 m/s motor and sensory NCV across elbow. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude > 50% drop across elbow was seen in 55.17%-NT and 54.16%-T groups. Abnormal DUCN and short-segment inching NCV were less frequently noted. In EMG, ADM (T-83.33% and NT-65.51%) and FDI (T-70.83% and NT-68.96%) muscles were evaluated the most and FDP the least.

Conclusion
UNE was the most common followed by forearm and wrist. NCV and CMAP across elbow are stronger EDx parameters for UNE. Neuropathy was irrespective of gender and prevalent at early of middle age. The EDx could be considered as one of the most valuable tests in confirming the localization, severity and type of ulnar nerve lesion, which favors management and prognosis of patient.
Differences in postoperative complications and prognosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma and presacral tumors in Currarino syndrome
Authors: Sakurai Tsuyoshi , Hashimoto Masatoshi , Nakamura Megumi , Endo Naobumi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
While sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a tumor originating from the tip of the sacrum, presacral tumors are accompanied by Currarino syndrome (CS) and classified as the Altman’s type IV sacrococcygeal tumors. They are quite different in their pathologies despite the similar location. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published reports comparing their prognosis; therefore, we analyzed their postoperative results and long-term prognosis. Twenty patients with SCT, including CS, who were being followed up at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Miyagi Children's Hospital between 2004 and 2020, were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: those who developed SCT without anorectal malformation and sacral dysplasia, and those who developed presacral tumors with anorectal malformation or sacral dysplasia as CS. Patient records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical details, postoperative complications, and long-term prognosis.

Results
Tethered cord syndrome occurred significantly more frequently in the CS group (p = 0.0108). However, no significant differences were observed for malformations other than tethered cord syndrome. Early complications in the CS group were significantly higher than those in the SCT group (p = 0.023); the most common complication was dysuria. Regarding long-term prognosis, 70% of patients in the CS group complained of defecation disorders, which was significantly higher than that in the SCT group (p = 0.0198). Voiding dysfunction was also more common in the CS group.

Conclusions
There were significant differences between SCT and CS regarding the rate of development of tethered cord syndrome, short-term postoperative complications, and long-term prognosis. Thus, they are different diseases with the only commonality being the presence of a sacrococcygeal tumor. Furthermore, this study indicated that the background and prognosis of the two conditions were also quite different.
Clinical literature on postoperative delirium and neurocognitive disorders: a historical systematic review
Authors: Villa Gianluca , Foti Lorenzo , Piazzini Tessa , Russo Gaetano , Verrengia Marin , Sangermano Corinne , Bilotta Federico , Romagnoli Stefano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the appearance of the first report on postoperative cognitive impairment in 1955, the number of papers focusing on perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) has constantly increased, both in the field of basic science and clinical research. A critical comprehensive review may explore the perception of how noteworthy PND is for physicians and clinical researchers. The aim of this systematic review is to describe how the clinical papers published to date with PND as primary or secondary outcome have changed over time in terms of editorial characteristics.

Results
A literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, up to March 2021. Human prospective or retrospective clinical studies in which incidence, risk factors, treatments, or outcomes associated with PND are described among primary or secondary outcomes were included. A total of 2109 articles were considered.

Conclusions
The bibliometric analysis suggests a stable increase in attention towards PND, particularly in general surgery adult-elderly patients, and underlines the importance for the clinicians not to underestimate this specific field.
Impact on psychiatrists in intellectual disability of Court of Protection orders for section 49 (Mental Capacity Act) reports: online survey
Authors: Perera Suraj , Leyland Nathalie , Coshever Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

Aims and methodTo gain an understanding of court orders for reports under section 49 of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in terms of the incidence, topics instructed, time taken, impact on working practice and well-being, and support available to psychiatrists. We used Microsoft Forms to generate an online survey. Domains within the survey included demographics, number of reports, support, clinical impact and personal well-being.ResultsOf the 104 psychiatrists who responded, 65.4% had been ordered to undertake a section 49 report; 51.5% of those had been asked to provide an opinion outside their subjective expertise, 25% were somewhat or fully confident in writing reports and 85% stated that they experienced stress as a result.Clinical implicationsThere is a need for national and local regulation of the process of ordering reports under section 49, and for psychiatrists to be trained and supported by their employers.
“There Is Not a Factory Today Where This Same Immoral Condition Does Not Exist”: Strikes against Sexual Harassment, 1912–2019
Authors: Orleck Annelise 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
From 1912 to 2019, low-wage women workers have used the strike to resist sexual violence and harassment on the shop floor. This article examines two strike actions, more than a century apart. First it looks at the 1912 Kalamazoo Corset Co. strike, the first known strike against sexual harassment in the United States. Comparing it to a multicity anti-sexual-harassment strike wave by McDonald’s workers in 2018–19 (mostly women of color), the article assesses the increasing importance of race in women’s union organizing as well as the impact of the #MeToo movement on women’s labor activism.
Protocol for the Birth Asphyxia in African Newborns (Baby BRAiN) Study: a Neonatal Encephalopathy Feasibility Cohort Study
Authors: Nanyunja Carol , Sadoo Samantha , Mambule Ivan , Mathieson Sean R , Nyirenda Moffat , Webb Emily L , Mugalu J , Robertson Nicola J , Nabawanuka A , Gilbert Guillaume , Bwambale J , Martinello Kathryn , Bainbridge Alan , Lubowa Samson , Srinivasan Latha , Ssebombo H , Morgan Cathy , Hagmann Cornelia , Cowan Frances M , Le Doare Kirsty , Wintermark Pia , Kawooya Michael , Boylan Geraldine B , Nakimuli Annettee , Tann Cally J 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a leading cause of child mortality worldwide and contributes substantially to stillbirths and long-term disability. Ninety-nine percent of deaths from NE occur in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Whilst therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes in high-income countries, its safety and effectiveness in diverse LMIC contexts remains debated. Important differences in the aetiology, nature and timing of neonatal brain injury likely influence the effectiveness of postnatal interventions, including therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS: This is a prospective pilot feasibility cohort study of neonates with NE conducted at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Neurological investigations include continuous video electroencephalography (EEG) (days 1-4), serial cranial ultrasound imaging, and neonatal brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (MRI/ MRS) (day 10-14). Neurodevelopmental follow-up will be continued to 18-24 months of age including Prechtl’s Assessment of General Movements, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and a formal scored neurological examination. The primary outcome will be death and moderate-severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 18-24 months. Findings will be used to inform explorative science and larger trials, aiming to develop urgently needed neuroprotective and neurorestorative interventions for NE applicable for use in diverse settings. DISCUSSION: The primary aims of the study are to assess the feasibility of establishing a facility-based cohort of children with NE in Uganda, to enhance our understanding of NE in a low-resource sub-Saharan African setting and provide infrastructure to conduct high-quality research on neuroprotective/ neurorestorative strategies to reduce death and disability from NE. Specific objectives are to establish a NE cohort, in order to 1) investigate the clinical course, aetiology, nature and timing of perinatal brain injury; 2) describe electrographic activity and quantify seizure burden and the relationship with adverse outcomes, and; 3) develop capacity for neonatal brain MRI/S and examine associations with early neurodevelopmental outcomes.
In their own words: a comparison of the medical school applications of low and exceptional performing students
Authors: Maciuba Joseph M. , Teng Yating , Pflipsen Matthew , Andrews Mary A. , Durning Steven J. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Medical school admissions committees cannot predict performance. Previous research has studied whether standardized test scores, grade point averages, or letters of recommendation portend success, but an applicant’s reporting of their past experiences and activities has not been well studied. This research aimed to determine the themes present in the applications of low performing medical students and to compare these themes with those in the applications of exceptional performers. Methods: The authors performed a qualitative analysis of the Work and Activities section of the American Medical College Application Service application in low performing medical students (those referred to the student promotions committee where an administrative action occurred). A constant-comparative approach was used that applied an a priori thematic framework developed in exceptional students (those inducted into the Alpha Omega Alpha honor society and Gold Humanism Honor Society). Frequencies of themes were counted and compared in each population by calculating the absolute number of themes and the diversity of themes per applicant. Results: Thirty-nine students met the definition of low performer in graduation years 2017 to 2019. Thematic saturation occurred after 18 applications; 21 files were reviewed. All seven themes present in exceptional performers (teamwork, altruism, success in a practiced activity, wisdom, passion, entrepreneurship, and perseverance) were present in low performers, although at lower frequencies. Three low performer themes were found: witnessing teamwork, description of a future event, and embellishment of achievement. Conclusions: Experience descriptions that prospective students write may predict future performance and could be used by admission committees to inform entry decisions into medical school. Low performers had comparatively lower frequencies of every exceptional performer theme; the difference was most notable in the “perseverance” and “success in a practiced activity” themes. Unique themes were found in low performers. Further studies are recommended to enhance the generalizability of these results.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO SELF-ORGANIZATION IN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Plotnikov Andrei V. 
Published: March 2022

The paper compares approaches to self-organization. The term can refer to various subjects and objects of research. Theoretical approaches contain the following elements: adaptability, self-regulation and openness of the system, consistency of actions, relevant competencies to tasks, self-development and self-training of personnel, dynamic equilibrium or its absence. Self-organization occurs when the subject of management delegates to the management object. Consequently, any decisions initiated by an object with a leadership is self-organization. The management object migrates to the domain of the management subject based on self-organization. It leads to self-development and restructuring of the management system based on motivational factors such as doing tasks, responsibility (according to McGregor’s Theory Y of motivation) and effectiveness based on the use of delegation and employee initiatives. Scrum-masters, research and teaching staff, graduate students in the field of management and readers interested in management intend the article for reading.
Purpose: comparing to self-organization theoretical approaches and creating self-development model and a management system based on the self-organization principle.
Methodology: the paper analyzes the research papers of foreign and Russian authors. The author applies deductive, synthesis, decomposition and graphical methods in research.
Results: the author created self-development model and the management system based on the self-organization principle.
Practical implications: the results obtained are applicable for the management system making focused on the agile organizations.