bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dapagliflozin and prevention of kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes– post hoc analyses from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial
Authors: Mosenzon Ofri , Raz Itamar , Wiviott Stephen D. , Schechter Meir , Goodrich Erica L. , Yanuv Ilan , Rozenberg Aliza , Murphy Sabina A. , Zelniker Thomas A. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Gause-Nilsson Ingrid A.M. , Fredriksson Martin , Johansson Peter A. , Wilding John P.H. , McGuire Darren K. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , Cahn Avivit , Dwyer Jamie P. , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Sabatine Marc S. 
Published: August 2022

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: In patients with moderate-severe albuminuric kidney disease, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors reduce the risk of kidney disease progression. These post hoc analyses assess the effects of dapagliflozin on kidney function decline in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on populations with low kidney risk. </p>
<p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial, patients with T2D at high cardiovascular risk were randomly assigned to dapagliflozin versus placebo. Outcomes were analyzed by treatment arms, overall, and by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) risk categories. The prespecified kidney-specific composite outcome was sustained decline ≥40% in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to<60mL/min/1.73m², end-stage kidney disease, and kidney-related death. Other outcomes included incidence of categorical eGFR decline of different thresholds and chronic (6-months to 4-year) or total (baseline to 4-year) eGFR slopes. </p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> Most participants were in the low-moderate KDIGO risk categories (n=15,201, 90.3%). The hazard for the kidney-specific composite outcome was lower with dapagliflozin across all KDIGO risk categories (P-interaction 0.97), including those at low risk (HR 0.54, 95%CI 0.38-0.77). Risks for categorical eGFR reductions (≥57% [in those with baseline eGFR≥60ml/min/1.73m2], ≥50%, ≥40%, and ≥30%) were lower with dapagliflozin (HR= 0.52, 0.57, 0.55, and 0.70, respectively, p<0.05). Slopes of eGFR decline favored dapagliflozin across KDIGO risk categories, including the low KDIGO risk (between-arm differences of 0.87 [chronic] and 0.55 [total] mL/min/1.73 m²/year; p<0.0001). </p>
<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Dapagliflozin mitigated kidney function decline in patients with T2D at high cardiovascular risk, including those with low KDIGO risk, suggesting a role of dapagliflozin in the early prevention of diabetic kidney disease. </p>
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is associated with increased glucose variability in persons with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Naaman Sara H , Mizrak Hatice I , Lind Nanna , Laursen Jens C , Kufaishi Huda , Christensen Marie M B , Ranjan Ajenthen G , Nørgaard Kirsten , Hansen Christian S 
Published: August 2022

<p> </p>
<p><em>Objective</em></p>
<p>We investigated the association between the cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) diagnosis and glucose variability (GV) in type 1 diabetes (T1D), as autonomic dysfunction previously has been associated with increased GV.</p>
<p><em>Research Design and Methods </em></p>
<p>CAN was assessed by three recommended cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs). Glucose metrics were obtained from 10-day blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Between-group differences in GV indices were assessed by regression analyses in 24 participants with T1D with CAN and 24 matched no CAN controls. </p>
<p><em>Results</em></p>
<p>The CAN diagnosis was associated with 4.9% (95% CI 1.0;8.7) higher coefficient of variance (CV) (p=0.014), and 0.7 mmol/L (0.3;1.1) higher standard deviation (SD) (p=0.002) of glucose, and 1.4 mmol/mol (0.0;2.7) higher MAGE (p=0.047). Lower measures of CARTs were associated with higher CV, SD and time above range values.</p>
<p><em>Conclusions</em></p>
<p>The CAN diagnosis associates with a significantly higher GV in T1D, despite a high prevalence of routine CGM use. </p>
Dapagliflozin improves the urinary proteomic kidney risk classifier CKD273 in type 2 diabetes with albuminuria – a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Curovic Viktor Rotbain , Eickhoff Mie Klessen , Rönkkö Teemu , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Hansen Tine Willum , Mischak Harald , Rossing Peter , Ahluwalia Tarun Singh , Persson Frederik 
Published: August 2022

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the effect of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, on the kidney risk urinary proteomic classifier (CKD273), in persons with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria.</p>
<p><strong>Research Design and Methods:</strong> In a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial we assigned participants with type 2 diabetes and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g to receive dapagliflozin or matching placebo added to guideline recommended treatment (NCT02914691). Treatment periods lasted 12 weeks at which crossover to opposing treatment occurred. The primary outcome was change in CKD273 score. Secondary outcomes include regression from high-risk to low-risk CKD273 pattern using the pre-specified cut-off score of 0.154. The primary outcome was assessed using paired t-test between end-to-end CKD273 levels after dapagliflozin and placebo treatment. McNemar’s test was used to assess regression in risk category.</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 40 participants were randomized and 32 completed the trial with intact proteomic measurements. Twenty-eight (88%) were male, the baseline mean (standard deviation) age was 63.0 (8.3) years, mean diabetes duration was 15.4 (4.5) years, mean HbA1c was 73 (14) mmol/mol (8.8 (1.3) %) and median (inter-quartile range) UACR was 154 (94, 329) mg/g. Dapagliflozin significantly lowered CKD273 score compared to placebo (-0.221, 95%CI: -0.356, -0.087, p=0.002). Fourteen participants exhibited a high-risk pattern after dapagliflozin treatment compared to 24 after placebo (p=0.021). </p>
<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dapagliflozin added to renin-angiotensin system inhibition reduced the urinary proteomic classifier CKD273 in persons with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria paving the way for the further investigation of CKD273 as a modifiable kidney risk factor. </p>
Peculiarity of concluding an amicable agreement in civil proceedings on Ukrainian lands in Polish-Lithuanian and Cossack times (XIV-XVIII centuries)
Authors: Yurash I.I. 
Published: August 2022

In this article, the author examines the formation and development of the institution of amicable settlement in civil proceedings on the examples of Polish, Lithuanian and Cossack legal monuments and analysis of court cases. It is concluded that the legislative consolidation of the institution of amicable settlement occurs for the first time in Polish-Lithuanian times and there are cases from the case law of the end. XIV century, where the parties complete the consideration of the property dispute by conciliation and agreement between them. Polish-Lithuanian and Cossack legislation is analyzed, in particular, the Vistula Statute, Lithuanian Statutes, the Rights of the Little Russian People, etc., which determines the conditions and procedure for concluding an amicable agreement in civil proceedings, as well as reservations on the exercise of this right. The hereditary legal traditions of the Polish-Lithuanian period in Cossack times are noted due to the existence of a similar procedure for concluding an amicable agreement in court. On the other hand, attention is drawn to the existence of more advanced legislative forms on the procedure for concluding an amicable agreement in the Cossack legislation of the eighteenth century, in particular, anticipation of cases where the court can not approve the amicable agreement of civil parties.
Separately, the author analyzes the peculiarities of concluding an amicable agreement in non-state courts, such as the amicable court and the mining court. If the conclusion of an amicable agreement in an amicable court is regulated by law, in the mainland - on the basis of customary law. Attention is drawn to such a restriction in the exercise by the parties of the right to conclude an amicable agreement in the mining court as the presence of the consent of the community to such procedural actions. It is assumed that such a practice could be due to the collective responsibility of the community for the actions of its members. The existence of the same legal consequence in the studied periods in case of abuse of the right to conclude an amicable agreement is noted: payment of a fine to judges in case of re-appeal of a person to court in the presence of an amicable agreement.
Features of the jurisdiction of economic courts
Authors: Dyachenko S.V. , Dovga M.O. 
Published: August 2022

The article considers the problem of determining the jurisdiction of commercial courts. It is proved that jurisdiction should be considered depending on the theoretical model of specialization of the judiciary itself.
The types of jurisdiction of commercial courts are analyzed: according to the subjective composition of the economic case (with the participation of citizens of Ukraine and legal entities registered in the territory of Ukraine); with the participation of foreign citizens and legal entities of Ukraine project, instance, territorial). It is established that the correctness of determining the jurisdiction of the case is essential insofar as it affects the time of decision-making on the case, and, accordingly, the restoration of the violated right, the expiration of the terms of the claim.
The criteria for establishing the jurisdiction of commercial courts are highlighted: the range of persons who may apply to commercial courts, and belonging to the list of cases under the jurisdiction of commercial courts. It is proved that the existing system of delimitation of jurisdiction of commercial courts taking into account these criteria is not effective, complicates a person's access to court, and therefore requires significant changes.
The problems of determining the jurisdiction of commercial courts, in particular the separation of commercial and administrative jurisdiction over disputes, when the parties to the dispute are a business entity and a subject of power. It is also problematic to consider cases on the recognition and enforcement of decisions of international commercial arbitration, foreign courts in commercial disputes.
Possible directions of reforming the principles of determining the jurisdiction of commercial courts through the unification of civil, administrative and economic processes (codes) are outlined; refusal to specialize courts and introduction of specialization of judges; reclassification of the type of proceedings on the initiative of the court and referral of the case by the court to the appropriate jurisdiction.
The need to take into account the experience of foreign countries (Germany, Italy, Estonia, etc.) in delimiting the jurisdiction of commercial courts on the basis of unification of procedural law - the introduction of a single code that would determine the rules of civil, commercial, administrative proceedings.
Interpretation of the concept of «court practice» in modern legal doctrine
Authors: Zavhorodnii V.A. 
Published: August 2022

The article considers various scientific approaches to understanding the concept of «court practice» as a general theoretical category, clarifies their features and identifies the most reasonable approach to the interpretation of this legal phenomenon. The following main directions for understanding the studied phenomenon of legal reality are identified: a) it is all court activity or only activity related to the administration of justice; b) it is an objective experience formed as a result of the application of the law in resolving specific cases; c) it is the unity of court activity and socio-legal experience as a result of this activity; d) it is the interaction of court activity and its results in the form of court decisions; e) it is a certain method, a way of solving certain categories of cases; f) these are only the results of the court's activity, which should be understood as legal provisions on: specification of legal norms; regulatory provisions; provisions on the interpretation of the law; g) it is the results or results of the court, based on experience and court discretion; g) it is the analysis and generalization of the results of court activity.
It has been found that the doctrinal understanding of the concept of «court practice» often does not coincide in its content with the category of «legal practice», which are related as species and generic concepts, respectively. It is concluded that the most methodologically correct is the approach to understanding court practice as a set of such components: activities, its results, socio-legal experience of judges.
The essence of administrative discretion in the activities of public administration agencies
Authors: Savranchuk L.L. 
Published: August 2022

The article examines the essence of administrative discretion in the activities of public administration bodies. The author proposes his own definition of administrative discretion as intellectual, creative activity of public authorities, local governments and their officials, established by legislation on self-assessment and decision-making and a certain choice of behavior, which has a legally significant result.
The selected properties that are inherent in administrative discretion: 1) are the right of public authorities, local governments and their officials to make decisions, carry out activities (inaction); 2) is implemented by the relevant circle of persons authorized by law; 3) the limits of discretion are limited by the law, it complies with the law and does not contradict them; 4) the process of applying administrative discretion is an intellectual and creative activity; 5) has a legally significant result.
It is emphasized that the functioning of public authorities in the exercise of administrative discretion should be subject to regulation and proper control, as often there is a problem of abuse of administrative discretion, the reasons for which are: ambiguity of laws, which creates the illusion of great authority; lack of proper level of training and knowledge of the official; exceeding the limits of discretionary powers.
Directions and forms of communication between civil society and the judiciary in Ukraine: general theoretical characteristics
Authors: Cherpovytska I.Yu. 
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the general theoretical characteristics of the directions and forms of communication between civil society and the judiciary in Ukraine. It is substantiated that stable, continuous communication between civil society and the judiciary is based on the principles of transparency, dialogue, transparency. Based on the generalization of modern experience of civil society and the judiciary, systematization of views of domestic and foreign scholars identified and characterized the main areas of communication: 1) public control over the activities of the judiciary; 2) accountability (reporting, responsibility) of the judiciary; 3) informing society and government; 4) consulting the judiciary with the public.
It is substantiated that public control over the activities of the judiciary is a kind of social control, one of the forms of exercising the constitutional powers of the people, which consists in direct, free control by civil society entities over the activities of the judiciary, their officials and officials. such forms as: public monitoring, public expertise, public hearings, public inspection, public investigation. The main forms of accountability of the judiciary in accordance with European standards of justice are: 1) the responsibility of judges for their decisions during the appellate review of the case ("accountability of the judiciary"); 2) transparency of judges' activity; 3) "explanatory accountability", ie accountability to other branches of government and society as a whole; 4) "punitive accountability", if a judge is involved in illegal actions, he must bear disciplinary or criminal responsibility.
The communicative activity of the judicial system is carried out in various forms and directions, the main of which are: 1) direct (personal) communication; 2) communication with the media; 3) educational activities; 4) educational activities; 5) expert consulting activities. An important form of direct communication between the judiciary and civil society is "coverage programs", which are carried out directly by the courts on a regular basis and targeted at a particular social group. bodies in their activities, as well as the quantity and quality of resources needed to implement such initiatives.
Dumping as a criminal offense in the field of public procurement
Authors: Huta V. 
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the consideration of dumping as a criminal offense in the field of public procurement. It is investigated that the domestic criminal legislation does not currently contain a criminal offense that would characterize the signs of dumping as a socially dangerous encroachment. However, in practice, depending on the consequences of dumping, such a phenomenon in its nature and consequences may well be considered in the aspect of a criminal offense.
The article analyzes the definition of dumping from the standpoint of national and international law. The importance of dumping in scientific reference sources and works of individual scientists is considered. It is a general conclusion that dumping is, first of all, a manifestation of unfair competition, which is embodied in the deliberate lowering of prices for goods, services, work in order to gain an advantage over other competitors and to make a profit.
Emphasis is placed on the special features of dumping as an illegal act, which this phenomenon acquires during the procurement of goods, works and services to meet the needs of the state and local communities. Special attention is paid to the consideration of each component, namely the specific features of the criminal offense, as well as the subject and limits of evidence. It also indicates the key features of the entities that are harmed by the dumping transactions and the entities that may be held liable for the act.
The objective and subjective aspects of dumping as a criminal offense during procurement procedures have been studied.
The main manifestations of dumping during public procurement are presented and described. A comparison of illegal dumping acts with acts, the external manifestation of which is identical to dumping, but in essence it is not.
The defining features that characterize dumping during public procurement as a criminal offense are highlighted. The consequences of dumping in the field of public procurement, which are manifested in causing material damage, misuse of funds and bankruptcy, are considered and analyzed. The importance and necessity of improving the legislative regulation of the issue under consideration were emphasized.
Encouraging rule on exemption from criminal liability for the circulation of falsified medicines: problems of legislative construction
Authors: Parasiuk M.V. 
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legislative structure of the encouraging rule, which contains a special type of exemption from criminal liability for the circulation of falsified medicines. It is argued that the effectiveness of the incentive norm is primarily determined by qualitative approaches to formulating the content of the grounds and conditions of exemption from criminal liability. The specificity of this special type of exemption from criminal liability is determined by a set of objective and subjective features of the crime under Article 321-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The public danger of this crime is significant, which is confirmed by its classification by the legislator as serious and especially serious crimes. It is established that the provision in the structure of this article of a legislative compromise in the form of encouragement, first of all, pursues the goal of rapid detection and prevention of crime by encouraging a certain type of positive post-criminal behavior of the guilty.
The position on recognizing as a condition for exemption from criminal liability the commission of actions that are alternatively provided for in part one of Article 321-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, namely the manufacture, purchase, transportation, shipment, storage for sale of counterfeit medicines. It is noted that in the chain of actions aimed at introducing counterfeit drugs into circulation according to the degree of public danger, these forms of the objective side are equivalent.
In contrast to the positions previously expressed in the science of criminal law, it is proposed to determine the objective (danger of the most falsified drugs in terms of the composition of substances contained in it) and sub effective criteria (awareness of the person who acts in accordance with Part 1 of Article 321-1, these dangerous signs).
It is established that the existence of alternative grounds for dismissal creates problems in the application of this rule. The expediency of refusing to indicate the source of purchase of counterfeit medicines is justified, as active assistance in solving the crime includes this circumstance. Emphasis is placed on the inclusion in the legislative structure of the encouraging rule also to add the limits of the implementation of post-criminal behavior - to criminal prosecution. Based on the above, an updated version of the considered encouraging rule is proposed.
Ensuring children’s rights in the context of armed conflict in Ukraine
Authors: Pylypyshyna I.I. , Turchenko O.G. 
Published: August 2022

Ensuring the peaceful coexistence of people and protecting peace and prosperity are the main tasks of any state. Countries around the world are devoting significant efforts and resources to the establishment and operation of international organizations aimed at preventing armed conflict, which results in mass violations of human rights, including the rights of the child. The function of a large number of international organizations are aimed at ensuring the safety of their member countries. It emphasises the importance of ensuring the right to safety of a person, in particular a child, given that he or she belongs to a particularly vulnerable category of people that are in need of protection.
During armed conflict, largely, children suffer more from rights violations.
The article examines the consequences of armed aggression on the life of a child and identifies the features of ensuring certain rights of the child in the context of armed conflict in Ukraine .
The number of children affected by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation is analyzed, attention is paid to the issue of ensuring the child's right to safety, legislative regulation of the child's right to education, as well as problematic aspects that arise during this right. The peculiarities of placement of children that are left without parental care in family-type orphanages and foster families as a result of the Russian invasion of the territory of Ukraine have been studied.
It is concluded that states, as the main actors responsible for the lives and safety of their populations, need to increase coordination and interaction on the needs of children and youth during armed conflicts and in post-conflict situations. The parties to an armed conflict must strictly adhere to their obligations to protect civilians in general and children in particular, not only under international humanitarian law but also under general international law.