bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooling of Gas Turbine Blade Leading Edge Via an Array of Air Jets With Variable Diameters
Authors: Khalil M. , Mohamed Sherif A. , Attalla M. , Maghrabie Hussein M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, the cooling of a gas turbine (GT) blade leading edge using a single row of five impinging air jets was numerically and experimentally investigated. The inner surface of the blade leading edge was depicted as a semicircle profile. The numerical study was performed using a shear stress transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model. On the other side, the experimental work was conducted using the infrared (IR) thermal camera. Additionally, the heat transfer characteristics were investigated with changing the Reynolds number (Re) from 5000 to 40,000. The study was carried out for different cases based on the jet diameter (d), named as fixed diameter (FD) and variable jet diameter in the streamwise flow direction, i.e., ascending diameter (AD) and descending diameter (DD). The local and average Nusselt numbers and heat transfer uniformity were studied at different operating and design parameters. The results revealed that for FD, increasing the jet diameter decreased the average Nusselt number while it enhanced the heat transfer uniformity. Furthermore, for all values of Re, the thermal performance of the AD was better than the DD, which has the worst heat transfer uniformity. Finally, predicted developed correlations to estimate the average Nusselt number, surface heat transfer uniformity, and performance evaluation factor (PEF) for all cases of jet diameter were introduced.
Solid Fiber Inside of Capillary and Modified Fusion-Spliced Fiber Optic Microneedle Devices for Improved Light Transmission Efficiency
Authors: Mehta Jason N. , Morales Brianna E. , Rossmeisl John H. , Debinski Waldemar , Rylander Christopher G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConvection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a drug delivery technique used to deliver therapeutics directly to the brain and is a continually evolving technique to treat glioblastoma. Early versions of CED have proven to result in inadequate drug volume dispersed (Vd), increasing the likelihood of tumor recurrence. Fiber optic microneedle devices (FMDs) with the ability to deliver fluid and thermal energy simultaneously have shown an ability to increase Vd, but FMDs have historically had low light transmission efficiency. In this study, we present a new fabrication method, solid fiber inside capillary (SFIC) FMD, and a modified fusion splicing (FS) method with the goal of increasing light delivery efficiency. The modified FS FMD resulted in an increase in light transmission efficiency between 49% and 173% compared to previous prototypes. However, the FS FMD resulted in significantly lower transmission efficiencies compared to the SFIC FMD (p ≤ 0.04) and FS FMDs perform much worse when light-absorptive materials, like black dye, are placed in the bore. The light absorption of a candidate cytotoxic agent, QUAD-CTX, appear to be similar to water, and light delivery through FS FMDs filled with QUAD-CTX achieves a transmission efficiency of 85.6 ± 5.4%. The fabrication process of the SFIC FMDs results in extremely fragile FMDs. Therefore, the use of a modified FS FMD fabrication process appears to be better suited for balancing the desire to increase light transmission efficiency while retaining a sturdy FMD construction.
Lower Hybrid Waves upon Interaction of Meteor Wakes with the Earth’s Ionosphere
Authors: Morozova T. I. , Popel S. I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The possibility of generation of lower hybrid waves in meteoroid wakes upon their interaction with the Earth’s ionosphere is analyzed. The lower hybrid waves are driven as a result of development of the Buneman-type instability due to motion of meteoroid-wake plasma relative to the Earth’s magnetic field. Magneto-modulational processes that are induced by existence of the lower hybrid waves in plasma and leading to generation of quasi-stationary perturbations of magnetic field are discussed. It is demonstrated that these perturbations are of the same order of magnitude as magnetic fields induced by meteoroids passing through the Earth’s atmosphere.
Smoking and progressive retinal nerve fibre layer thinning in glaucoma
Authors: Nishida Takashi , Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Weinreb Robert N , Baxter Sally L , Eslani Medi , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Girkin Christopher A , Fazio Massimo A , M Zangwill Linda , Moghimi Sasan 
Published: September 2022

Background/AimsTo investigate the relationship between smoking and smoking intensity, and the rate of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsIn this longitudinal study, patients with POAG who had at least 3 years of follow-up with a minimum of 5 visits of optical coherence tomography (OCT) were enrolled. The smoking intensity was calculated as the pack-year at the baseline OCT. Univariable and multivariable linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of each parameter on the rates of RNFL thinning over time. Non-linear least-squares estimation with piecewise regression model was used to investigate the cut-off point for the relationship between circumpapillary RNFL thinning and smoking intensity.ResultsA total of 466 eyes of 314 patients were included over the mean (95% CI) follow-up of 6.6 (6.4 to 6.7) years. Of the 314 patients, 121 (39%) had reported any history of smoking. Greater smoking intensity was associated with faster RNFL thinning (−0.06 (95% CI −0.11 to 0.00) µm/year per 10 pack-year higher; p=0.031) after adjusted for confounding factors. RNFL thinning became significantly faster when smoking intensity was >8 pack-year.ConclusionsSmoking intensity is associated with faster rates of RNFL thinning. Evaluation of smoking intensity might add information to the assessment of risk of glaucoma progression. Future studies are required to explore if withdrawing smoking as a modifiable risk factor can decrease progression in patients with glaucoma.
The 2019 economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases in Indonesia
Authors: Meilissa Yurdhina , Nugroho Dhanie , Luntungan Nurul NHW , Dartanto Teguh 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundIn 2019, ever-smoking prevalence among adults in Indonesia was 32.8%, which may correlate with a high burden on the economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to estimate the economic costs of tobacco use, which are crucial for policymakers in planning healthcare provisions and other public expenditures.MethodsWe follow the WHO standard approach, multiplying the sum of the direct and indirect costs with the smoking-attributable fraction. Direct costs include healthcare and non-healthcare costs. Indirect costs include the loss of productivity resulting from absence from work and premature death due to smoking-related illnesses.FindingsWe found that the 2019 economic cost of smoking ranges from Rp 184.36 trillion to Rp 410.76 trillion (1.16%–2.59% of the gross domestic product). This research found a similar economic cost of smoking compared with a previous estimate conducted by Kosen et al of Rp 438.5 trillion. However, the estimated direct cost of smoking ranges from Rp 17.9 trillion to Rp 27.7 trillion, which is higher than the estimate of Rp 15.5 trillion by Kosen et al. Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan allocated between Rp 10.4 trillion and Rp 15.6 trillion to cover the healthcare costs attributable to smoking, representing between 61.2% and 91.8% of the 2019 deficit.ConclusionsThe vast economic cost of smoking is a waste of resources and a burden on Indonesia’s National Health Insurance System. Therefore, the government must increase cigarette taxes to correct the negative externalities of smoking consumption.
Long-term stress crack resistance of HDPE fusion seams aged at 85 °C in synthetic leachate
Authors: Francey William , Rowe R. Kerry 
Published: September 2022

The stress crack resistance (SCR) and standard oxidative induction time (Std-OIT) reduction of high- density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane (GMB) fusion seams is examined for a 12-year old 1.5 mm HDPE GMB when welded using nine welding parameter combinations. The GMB experienced a decrease in Std-OIT from 135 to 87 min between manufacturing and welding. Welding did not significantly decrease the Std-OIT in the heat-affected zone (HAZs). In general, individual seam SCR failure times fell between the notched and unnotched sheet, with adhered squeeze-out bead seams exhibiting individual failure times closer to the notched sheet and an average time until nominal failure ( tNF) ∼21%–35% shorter than the unnotched sheet. Differences in tNF are attributed to residual stresses and (or) accelerated craze formation in seams with adhered squeeze-out beads. Non-adhered squeeze-out seams exhibited a slower tNF similar to that of the unnotched sheet, indicating a seam tNF less than that of the sheet may not be intrinsic to all HDPE fusion seams. High sheet temperatures at the time of welding and higher heat-applied welding parameters are thought to increase the likelihood of squeeze-out bead adherence. This paper shows that squeeze-out adherence can have a deleterious effect on seam SCR.
Hydrodynamic effects on the liquid-hexatic transition of active colloids
Authors: Negro G. , Caporusso C. B. , Digregorio P. , Gonnella G. , Lamura A. , Suma A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study numerically the role of hydrodynamics in the liquid-hexatic transition of active colloids at intermediate activity, where motility induced phase separation (MIPS) does not occur. We show that in the case of active Brownian particles (ABP), the critical density of the transition decreases upon increasing the particle’s mass, enhancing ordering, while self-propulsion has the opposite effect in the activity regime considered. Active hydrodynamic particles (AHP), instead, undergo the liquid-hexatic transition at higher values of packing fraction $$\phi $$
ϕ
than the corresponding ABP, suggesting that hydrodynamics have the net effect of disordering the system. At increasing densities, close to the hexatic-liquid transition, we found in the case of AHP the appearance of self-sustained organized motion with clusters of particles moving coherently.
Optimal source–sink matching and prospective hub–cluster configurations for CO
2
capture and storage in India
Authors: Vishal Vikram , Singh Udayan , Bakshi Tuli , Chandra Debanjan , Verma Yashvardhan , Tiwari Ashwani Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

At COP26, India announced strong climate commitments of reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070. Meeting this target would likely require substantial deployment of CO
2
capture and storage (CCS) to decarbonize existing large-point sources of CO
2
. This study attempts to evaluate opportunities for deployment of CCS in India in the forthcoming decades. A geographic information system-based approach was adopted for mapping existing sources of CO
2
with the sinks. The results show that regionally-appropriate ways of moving towards CCS at scale exist in both the power and industrial sectors. Coupled analysis of these sectors with sinks shows that eight clusters may be developed throughout the country to sequester 403 Mt-CO
2
annually. These clusters are concentrated near Category-I oil basins and the Category-I coalfields (Damodar Valley), which may also create suitable financial incentives by incremental oil and coalbed methane recovery, respectively. Furthermore, a first-order costing analysis evaluates that the cost of avoidance across basins may range from –$31 to $107/t-CO
2
, depending on the type of storage reservoir and the proximity to large-point sources. A total of 12 suitable hubs and clusters were created based on annual emissions above 1 Mt-CO
2
of each large-point source and their proximity with geological sinks.
Phytotherapeutic Approach in the Management of Cisplatin Induced Vomiting; Neurochemical Considerations in Pigeon Vomit Model
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Subhan Fazal , Shahid Muhammad , Ahmad Nisar , Shah Rehmat , Alam Javaid , Haq Ikram Ul , Ullah Rahim , Ayaz Muhammad , Murthy H. C. Ananda 
Published: September 2022

Cisplatin induced vomiting involves multiple mechanisms in its genesis and a single antiemetic agent do not cover both the phases (acute & delayed) of vomiting in clinics; necessitating the use of antiemetics in combination. Cannabis sativa and other selected plants have ethnopharmacological significance in relieving emesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intrinsic antiemetic profile of Cannabis sativa (CS), Bacopa monniera (BM, family Scrophulariaceae), and Zingiber officinale (ZO, family Zingiberaceae) in combinations against vomiting induced by highly emetogenic anticancer drug-cisplatin in pigeons. We have analysed the neurotransmitters which trigger the vomiting response centrally and peripherally. Electrochemical detector (ECD) was used for the quantification of neurotransmitters and their respective metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography in the brain stem (BS) and area postrema (AP) while peripherally in the small intestine. Cisplatin (7 mg/kg i.v.) induced reliable vomiting throughout the observation period (24 hrs). CS-HexFr (10 mg) + BM-MetFr (10 mg)–Combination 1, BM-ButFr (5 mg) + ZO-ActFr (25 mg)–Combination 2, ZO-ActFr (25 mg) + CS-HexFr (10 mg)–Combination 3, and CS-HexFr (10 mg) + BM-ButFr (5 mg)–Combination 4; provided ~30% (

30
±
1.1

), 70% (

12
±
0.4

;

P
<
0.01

), 60% (

19
±
0.2

;

P
<
0.05

) and 90% (

05
±
0.1

;

P
<
0.001

) protection, respectively, against cisplatin induced vomiting as compared to cisplatin control. Standard MCP (30 mg) provided ~50% (

23
±
0.3

) protection (

P
>
0.05

). CS Hexane fraction (

10

mg
/
kg

), BM methanolic (

10

mg
/
kg

) and bacoside rich

n

-butanol fraction (

5

mg
/
kg

) and ZO acetone fraction (

25

mg
/
kg

) alone provided ~62%, 36%, 71%, and 44% protection, respectively, as compared to cisplatin control. The most effective and synergistic combination 4 was found to reduce 5HT and 5HIAA (

P
<
0.05
–
0.001

) in all the brain areas area postrema (AP)+brain stem (BS) and intestine at the 3rd hour of cisplatin administration. In continuation, at the 18th of cisplatin administration reduction in dopamine (

P
<
0.001

) in the AP and 5HT in the brain stem and intestine (

P
<
0.001

) was observed. The said combination did not change the neurotransmitters basal levels and their respective metabolites any significantly. In conclusion, all the tested combinations offered protection against cisplatin induced vomiting to variable degrees, where combination 4 provided enhanced attenuation by antiserotonergic mechanism at the 3rd hour while a blended antidopaminergic and antiserotonergic mechanism at the 18th hour after cisplatin administration.
Quantitative Micro-Elastography Enables In Vivo Detection of Residual Cancer in the Surgical Cavity during Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Gong Peijun , Chin Synn Lynn , Allen Wes M. , Ballal Helen , Anstie James D. , Chin Lixin , Ismail Hina M. , Zilkens Renate , Lakhiani Devina D. , McCarthy Matthew , Fang Qi , Firth Daniel , Newman Kyle , Thomas Caleb , Li Jiayue , Sanderson Rowan W. , Foo Ken Y. , Yeomans Chris , Dessauvagie Benjamin F. , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Kennedy Brendan F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is commonly used for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Following BCS, approximately 20% to 30% of patients require reexcision because postoperative histopathology identifies cancer in the surgical margins of the excised specimen. Quantitative micro-elastography (QME) is an imaging technique that maps microscale tissue stiffness and has demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy (96%) in detecting cancer in specimens excised during surgery. However, current QME methods, in common with most proposed intraoperative solutions, cannot image cancer directly in the patient, making their translation to clinical use challenging. In this proof-of-concept study, we aimed to determine whether a handheld QME probe, designed to interrogate the surgical cavity, can detect residual cancer directly in the breast cavity in vivo during BCS. In a first-in-human study, 21 BCS patients were scanned in vivo with the QME probe by five surgeons. For validation, protocols were developed to coregister in vivo QME with postoperative histopathology of the resected tissue to assess the capability of QME to identify residual cancer. In four cavity aspects presenting cancer and 21 cavity aspects presenting benign tissue, QME detected elevated stiffness in all four cancer cases, in contrast to low stiffness observed in 19 of the 21 benign cases. The results indicate that in vivo QME can identify residual cancer by directly imaging the surgical cavity, potentially providing a reliable intraoperative solution that can enable more complete cancer excision during BCS.

Significance:
Optical imaging of microscale tissue stiffness enables the detection of residual breast cancer directly in the surgical cavity during breast-conserving surgery, which could potentially contribute to more complete cancer excision.
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Screening Outcomes of Women Preferring Self-Sampling in the Dutch Cervical Cancer Screening Programme: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Aitken Clare A. , Inturrisi Federica , Kaljouw Sylvia , Nieboer Daan , Siebers Albert G. , Melchers Willem J.G. , van den Brule Adriaan J.C. , Molijn Anco , Hinrichs John W.J. , Niesters Hubert G.M. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Berkhof Johannes , de Kok Inge M.C.M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
In the Netherlands, lower high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) positivity but higher cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ detection were found in self-collected compared with clinician-collected samples. To investigate the possible reason for these differences, we compared sociodemographic and screening characteristics of women and related these to screening outcomes.

Methods:
We extracted data from PALGA on all primary hrHPV screens and associated follow-up tests for 857,866 screened women, invited in 2017 and 2018. We linked these data with sociodemographic data from Statistics Netherlands. Logistic regression was performed for hrHPV positivity and CIN 2+/3+ detection.

Results:
Out of the 857,866 women, 6.8% chose to use a self-sampling device. A higher proportion of self-sampling users was ages 30 to 35 years, was not previously screened, was living in a one-person household, or was the breadwinner in the household. After adjustment for these factors self-sampling had lower hrHPV positivity (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.63–0.68)) as compared with clinician-collected sampling, as well as lower odds of CIN 2+ (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70–0.82) and CIN 3+ (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78–0.95) detection.

Conclusions:
It is likely that the observed differences between the two sampling methods are not only related to sociodemographic differences, but related to differences in screening test accuracy and/or background risk.

Impact:
Self-sampling can be used for targeting underscreened women, as a more convenient screening tool. Further investigation is required to evaluate how to implement self-sampling, when it is used as a primary instrument in routine screening.
See related commentary by Arbyn et al., p. 159
Validation of BD Onclarity HPV Assay on Vaginal Self-Samples versus Cervical Samples Using the VALHUDES Protocol
Authors: Latsuzbaia Ardashel , Vanden Broeck Davy , Van Keer Severien , Weyers Steven , Donders Gilbert , Doyen Jean , Tjalma Wiebren , De Sutter Philippe , Peeters Eliana , Vorsters Alex , Arbyn Marc 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
In this study, we evaluated accuracy of HPV testing on self-samples versus clinician-taken samples through the VALHUDES protocol. VALHUDES was designed as a diagnostic test accuracy study, where women referred to colposcopy collected self-samples followed by clinician-taken cervical samples.

Methods:
Four hundred eighty-five women recruited in five colposcopy clinics (median age = 40 years; IQR, 31–49) with valid results for all specimens were included in the main analysis: 230 vaginal self-samples were collected with Evalyn Brush and 255 with Qvintip. Cervical samples were taken by the gynecologist with the Cervex-Brush. HPV testing was performed with BD Onclarity HPV assay (Onclarity). Colposcopy and histology were used as the reference standard for accuracy estimation.

Results:
The sensitivity for CIN2+ on vaginal self-samples overall was not different from cervical samples (ratio = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90–1.03), whereas specificity was significantly higher (ratio = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.16). However, the relative accuracy (self- vs. clinician sampling) differed by vaginal collection device: relative sensitivity and specificity ratios of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.94–1.06) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.05–1.25), respectively for Evalyn-Brush; 0.91 (95% CI, 0.79–1.04) and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.95–1.13), respectively for Qvintip.

Conclusions:
Clinical accuracy of BD Onclarity HPV assay on vaginal self-samples was not different from cervical samples.

Impact:
VALHUDES study showed that HPV testing with Onclarity HPV on vaginal self-samples is similarly sensitive compared with cervical specimens. However, differences in accuracy by self-sampling devices, although not significant, were noted. Onclarity HPV testing on vaginal self-samples following validated collection and handling procedures may be used in primary cervical cancer screening.
p53 Pathway Inactivation Drives SMARCB1-deficient p53-wildtype Epithelioid Sarcoma Onset Indicating Therapeutic Vulnerability Through MDM2 Inhibition
Authors: Oppel Felix , Shao Senyao , Gendreizig Sarah , Zimmerman Mark W. , Schürmann Matthias , Flavian Viyof Ful , Goon Peter , Chi Susan N. , Aster Jon C. , Sudhoff Holger , Look A. Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Loss of the gene SMARCB1 drives the development of malignant rhabdoid tumors, epithelioid sarcomas, and other malignancies. The SMARCB1 protein is a core component of the SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) family of chromatin remodeling complexes, which are important regulators of gene expression and cell differentiation. Here, we use CRISPR-Cas9 to create germline smarcb1 loss of function in zebrafish. We demonstrate that the combination of smarcb1 deficiency with mutant p53 results in the development of epithelioid sarcomas, angiosarcomas, and carcinomas of the thyroid and colon. Although human epithelioid sarcomas do not frequently harbor p53 mutations, smarcb1-deficient tumors in zebrafish were only observed following disruption of p53, indicating that p53 signaling in human tumors might be attenuated through alternative mechanisms, such as MDM2-mediated proteasomal degradation of p53. To leverage this possibility for the treatment of human epithelioid sarcoma, we tested small molecule–mediated disruption of the p53–MDM2 interaction, which stabilized p53 protein leading to p53-pathway reactivation, cell-cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. Moreover, we found that MDM2 inhibition and the topoisomerase II inhibitor doxorubicin synergize in targeting epithelioid sarcoma cell viability. This could be especially relevant for patients with epithelioid sarcoma because doxorubicin represents the current gold standard for their clinical treatment. Our results therefore warrant reactivating p53 protein in SMARCB1-deficient, p53-wildtype epithelioid sarcomas using combined doxorubicin and MDM2 inhibitor therapy.