bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fate‐mapping of erythropoietin‐producing cells in mouse models of hypoxaemia and renal tissue remodelling reveals repeated recruitment and persistent functionality
Authors: Dahl Sophie L. , Pfundstein Svende , Hunkeler Rico , Dong Xingtong , Knöpfel Thomas , Spielmann Patrick , Scholz Carsten C. , Nolan Karen A. , Wenger Roland H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimFibroblast‐like renal erythropoietin (Epo) producing (REP) cells of the corticomedullary border region “sense” a decrease in blood oxygen content following anaemia or hypoxaemia. Burst‐like transcription of Epo during tissue hypoxia is transient and is lost during fibrotic tissue remodelling, as observed in chronic kidney disease. The reason for this loss of Epo expression is under debate. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that REP cell migration, loss and/or differentiation may cause Epo inhibition.MethodsUsing a reporter mouse that allows permanent labelling of active REP cells at any given time point, we analysed the spatiotemporal fate of REP cells following their initial hypoxic recruitment in models of hypoxaemia and renal tissue remodelling.ResultsIn long‐term tracing experiments, tagged REP reporter cells neither died, proliferated, migrated nor transdifferentiated into myofibroblasts. Approximately 60% of tagged cells re‐expressed Epo upon a second hypoxic stimulus. In an unilateral model of tissue remodelling, tagged cells proliferated and ceased to produce Epo before a detectable increase in myofibroblast markers. Treatment with a hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) stabilizing agent (FG‐4592/roxadustat) re‐induced Epo expression in the previously active REP cells of the damaged kidney to a similar extent as in the contralateral healthy kidney.ConclusionsRather than cell death or differentiation, these results suggest cell‐intrinsic transient inhibition of Epo transcription: following long‐term dormancy, REP cells can repeatedly be recruited by tissue hypoxia, and during myofibrotic tissue remodelling, dormant REP cells are efficiently rescued by a pharmaceutic HIF stabilizer, demonstrating persistent REP cell functionality even during phases of Epo suppression.
Clearing up the benefits of a fossil fuel sector diversified board: A climate change mitigation strategy
Authors: Crichton Rohan , Farhidi Faraz , Patel Alpna , Ellegate Nicole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effects of climate change are far reaching and widespread. As the issue continues to batter the world, the call for mitigation initiatives is becoming louder. In responding to this call we take a multidisciplinary approach to examining board diversity as an innovative solution in tackling climate change. Utilizing data from 69 fossil fuel organizations, our findings suggest that increasing female representation and foreign culture representation on the board can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the main contributor to climate change. In part, this is achieved through responsible leadership and innovation. Our contributions reach beyond traditional board diversity literature, where the benefits of diversity are confined primarily to a discussion of corporate social responsibilities. Instead, we depict the benefits of board diversity as a direct lever in mitigating climate change. We propose that this is through the diversified board's enhanced ability to identify stakeholder needs and, subsequently, conceive of more effective and responsibly innovative solutions.
Identification of novel nematode succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors: Virtual screening based on ligand‐pocket interactions
Authors: Xu Qingbo , Zhao Zhixiang , Liang Peibo , Wang Simin , Li Fang , Jin Shuhui , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo discover new nematicidal succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors with novel structures, we conducted a virtual screening of the ChemBridge library with 1.7 million compounds based on ligand‐pocket interactions. The homology model of Caenorhabditis elegans SDH was established, along with a pharmacophore model based on ligand‐pocket interactions. After the pharmacophore‐based and docking‐based screening, 19 compounds were selected for the subsequent enzymatic assays. The results showed that compound 1 (ID: 7607321) exhibited inhibitory activity against SDH with a determined IC50 value of 19.6 μM. Structural modifications and nematicidal activity studies were then carried out, which provided further evidence that compound 1 exhibited excellent nematicidal activity. Molecular dynamics simulations were then conducted to investigate the underlying molecular basis for the potency of these inhibitors against SDH. This work provides a reliable strategy and useful information for the future design of nematode SDH inhibitors.
Minority language education: Reconciling the tensions of language revitalisation and the benefits of bilingualism
Authors: Peace‐Hughes Tracey 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch has highlighted the significance of the family and community in minority language revitalisation, whilst raising concern for efforts solely focused at the school level. This article draws upon research with children in Gaelic Medium Education, in Scotland, to explore their experiences and perceptions of their language use. The findings illustrate the dominance of English language across multiple aspects of children's lives and highlight the opportunities/threats of recent revitalisation efforts to push the bilingual benefits of language learning. The findings suggest the need for a more considered approach, such as translanguaging pedagogies, in order to effectively revitalise Gaelic language.
Growth of non‐English‐language literature on biodiversity conservation
Authors: Chowdhury Shawan , Gonzalez Kristofer , Aytekin M. Çisel Kemahlı , Baek Seung‐Yun , Bełcik Michał , Bertolino Sandro , Duijns Sjoerd , Han Yuqing , Jantke Kerstin , Katayose Ryosuke , Lin Mu‐Ming , Nourani Elham , Ramos Danielle Leal , Rouyer Marie‐Morgane , Sidemo‐Holm William , Vozykova Svetlana , Zamora‐Gutierrez Veronica , Amano Tatsuya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnglish is widely recognized as the language of science, and English‐language publications (ELPs) are rapidly increasing. It is often assumed that the number of non‐ELPs is decreasing. This assumption contributes to the underuse of non‐ELPs in conservation science, practice, and policy, especially at the international level. However, the number of conservation articles published in different languages is poorly documented. Using local and international search systems, we searched for scientific articles on biodiversity conservation published from 1980 to 2018 in English and 15 non‐English languages. We compared the growth rate in publications across languages. In 12 of the 15 non‐English languages, published conservation articles significantly increased every year over the past 39 years, at a rate similar to English‐language articles. The other three languages showed contrasting results, depending on the search system. Since the 1990s, conservation science articles in most languages increased exponentially. The variation in the number of non‐English‐language articles identified among the search systems differed markedly (e.g., for simplified Chinese, 11,148 articles returned with local search system and 803 with Scopus). Google Scholar and local literature search systems returned the most articles for 11 and 4 non‐English languages, respectively. However, the proportion of peer‐reviewed conservation articles published in non‐English languages was highest in Scopus, followed by Web of Science and local search systems, and lowest in Google Scholar. About 20% of the sampled non‐English‐language articles provided no title or abstract in English; thus, in theory, they were undiscoverable with English keywords. Possible reasons for this include language barriers and the need to disseminate research in countries where English is not widely spoken. Given the known biases in statistical methods and study characteristics between English‐ and non‐English‐language studies, non‐English‐language articles will continue to play an important role in improving the understanding of biodiversity and its conservation.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic equivalence of Biocon's biosimilar Insulin‐R with the US‐licensed Humulin® R formulation in healthy subjects: Results from the RHINE‐1 (Recombinant Human INsulin Equivalence‐1) study
Authors: Plum‐Mörschel Leona , Singh Gursharan , Murugesan Sundara Moorthi Nainar , Marwah Ashwani , Panda Jayanti , Loganathan Subramanian , Athalye Sandeep N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo establish equivalence in the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints between proposed biosimilar Insulin‐R (Biocon's Insulin‐R) and Humulin® R using the euglycaemic clamp technique in healthy subjects.Materials and MethodsIn this phase‐1 automated euglycaemic glucose clamp study, 42 healthy subjects were randomized (1:1) to receive a single dose of 0.3 IU/kg of Biocon's Insulin‐R and Humulin‐R. Plasma insulin concentrations and glucose infusion rates (GIRs) were assessed over 12 hours. Primary PK endpoints were area under the insulin concentration‐time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUCins.0‐12h) and maximum insulin concentration (Cins.max). Primary PD endpoints were area under the GIR time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUCGIR.0‐12h) and maximum GIR (GIRmax).ResultsEquivalence was demonstrated between Biocon's Insulin‐R and Humulin‐R for the primary PK and PD endpoints. The 90% confidence intervals were within 80.00% to 125.00% limits. The PK and PD profiles were comparable. There were no significant differences in the safety profiles of the two treatments, and no serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionPK and PD equivalence was demonstrated between Biocon's Insulin‐R and Humulin‐R in healthy subjects. Treatment with Biocon’s Insulin‐R and Humulin‐R was well tolerated.
Impact of early thoracic epidural analgesia in patients with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Qiu , Fu Bao , Su De , Fu Xiaoyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to assess the impact of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).MethodsThis is a single‐centre retrospective study. In this study, the outcomes of SAP patients were compared between patients received TEA (TEA group) and without TEA (NTEA group). Early TEA was defined as TEA performed within 48 hours after onset. The main outcome was the mortality at 30 days after ICU admission, and secondary outcomes included the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the acute renal injury (AKI) and sepsis, the hospital stay and hospitalization expenses.ResultsThe mortality of SAP patients in TEA versus NTEA was 8.0% and 13.3% (p = .1520). Multivariate regression analysis showed significant difference in mortality between the TEA and NTEA groups (OR, 0.387; 95% CI, 0.168–0.892; p = .026). The incidence of ARDS in TEA versus NTEA was 46.0% and 62.4% (p = .0044); the proportion of patients requiring invasive ventilator assisted ventilation in TEA, and NTEA was 22.6% and 39.2% (p = .0016). The incidence of AKI in TEA versus NTEA was 27.7% and 45.3% (p = .0044); the proportion of patients needing for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in TEA and NTEA was 48.2% and 74.0% (p < .0001). The mortality of SAP patients in early TEA versus NTEA was 4.8% and 15.3% (p = .0263).ConclusionsTEA was associated with low incidence of ARDS and AKI in patients with SAP. Early TEA may benefit mortality in SAP patients and is a possible protective factor for the mortality of SAP patients.
Waging Peace amid Raging War
Authors: Wilson Nathan Day 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe unfortunate complicity of religion in conflict and war is well documented. Less well documented, however, are the times and ways religion contributes to making peace. This article adds to the latter body of literature by addressing the link between peacemaking and interreligious dialogue. To that end, it identifies key principles in Islam and Christianity that direct peacemaking efforts. It then compares these principles, identifies key lessons, and suggests directions for future exploration of the potential for interreligious dialogue specifically for peacemaking efforts. It argues that the exploration of interreligious dialogue for peacemaking is becoming more critical as the nature of conflict becomes more intrastate and value differences increasingly drive violence.
Boost‐Defence for resilient IoT networks: A head‐to‐toe approach
Authors: Abu Al‐Haija Qasem , Al Badawi Ahmad , Bojja Giridhar Reddy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology that is considered a key enabler for next‐generation smart cities, industries, security services and economies. IoT networks allow connected devices to communicate with each other automatically without human intervention which empowers innovative solutions for pressing challenges and limitations of current technologies required to materialize smart environments. Due to the concrete involvement of IoT networks in critical infrastructures and cyber‐physical systems, defending them against cyber‐attacks has led to extensive research efforts to propose effective countermeasures against such attacks. In this work, we present Boost‐Defence: a framework to secure IoT networks from a large vector of cyber‐attacks at different IoT layers. We employ the AdaBoost machine learning technique combined with Decision Trees and extensive data engineering techniques to construct a robust classifier for detecting and classifying several cyber‐attacks in IoT networks. We evaluate our system on the TON_IoT_2020 datasets, a collection of datasets compiled specifically for 3‐layered IoT systems comprising: physical, network and application layers. We contrast the performance of our system against existing state‐of‐the‐art solutions. Our experimental analysis demonstrates the capability of our framework in providing superior classification accuracy and lower types 1 and 2 errors for constructing more resilient IoT infrastructures.
Partitioning of benthic biodiversity in boreal streams: Contributions of spatial, inter‐annual, and seasonal variability
Authors: Huttunen Kaisa‐Leena , Väisänen Leif O. S. , Paavola Riku , Muotka Timo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Studies on biodiversity patterns should optimally relate different scales of temporal community variability to spatial variability. Although temporal biodiversity variability is often negligible compared to spatial variation, it may still constitute a substantial source of overall community variability in stream ecosystems. Boreal streams exhibit seasonally recurring environmental periodicity, which can be expected to induce synchronous dynamics of abiotic variables among sites, and consequently, to produce spatial synchrony of deterministically controlled biological communities with higher intra‐ than inter‐annual community variability.

We sampled benthic macroinvertebrates in 10 near‐pristine boreal streams on three different seasons (spring, summer, autumn) across 4 consecutive years in northern Finland. We aimed to identify the relative contributions of spatial, inter‐annual, and seasonal variability to overall benthic biodiversity; and relate variation in benthic invertebrate communities to key environmental factors, particularly in‐stream habitat diversity.

Among‐site spatial variability was clearly the most important source of variation for both species richness and community dissimilarity. Of the two temporal scales, inter‐annual variability contributed more to variation in taxonomic richness and seasonal variability slightly more to variability in community composition.

Only inter‐annual variation differed systematically from random expectation, indicating strong stability (low variability) of stream macroinvertebrate communities across years, with less variation at sites with higher substrate heterogeneity. Considering the distinct seasonality of the boreal stream environment, seasonal variability accounted for an unexpectedly low amount of total community variability.

Although differences between seasons were small, autumnal sampling is likely to be the least susceptible to climatic vagaries, thus providing the most consistent and predictable conditions for benthic sampling in boreal streams, particularly for bioassessment purposes. Exceptional climatic conditions are becoming more frequent in northern Europe, probably causing substantial and largely unpredictable changes in benthic community composition. As a result, the importance of temporal (relative to spatial) community variability may increase.
Spatial heterogeneity and temporal stability characterize future climatic refugia in Mediterranean Europe
Authors: Doxa Aggeliki , Kamarianakis Yiannis , Mazaris Antonios D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate plays a major role in shaping biodiversity patterns over time and space, with ongoing changes leading to the reorganization of ecosystems, which challenges conservation initiatives. Identifying areas that could serve as possible climate change refugia for future biodiversity is, thus, critical for both conservation and management. Here, we identify potential future climatic refugia within the Euro‐Mediterranean biome, which is a global biodiversity hotspot, while accounting for multiple emission climate change projections over the next 50 years. We developed two metrics of climatic variability: temporal stability and spatial heterogeneity. We then used a systematic conservation planning approach to identify climate‐based priority areas. While we used a climate‐based, species‐neutral methodology, we deliberately implemented low climatic velocity thresholds, so that the identified climatic refugia would even be compatible with the needs of species with low dispersal capacity, such as plants. Our projections showed that future climatic refugia would be more frequently observed in mid‐altitudes, for gradients with steep elevations, and mainly in the eastern part of the Euro‐Mediterranean biome, with possible conflicts with existing land uses and future conservation implications. Climatic, land use, and topography results indicated that only a limited number of refugia would be hosted by high elevation habitats (>1500 m), raising possible concerns about the biodiversity of Mediterranean mountain regions. Our analyses show that the current network of protected areas captures future climatic refugia disproportionally, despite their importance for safeguarding present and future biodiversity in the Mediterranean. Key climatic refugia could limit the impacts of future climate change on biodiversity in mid‐altitude and mountainous regions, and should be included in management guidelines for a climate‐ready conservation design in the Mediterranean biome.
Serum endothelin 1 and interleukin 8 are elevated in patients with active wet age‐related macular degeneration without a clear serological link to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition: a Finnish cohort
Authors: Liukkonen Mikko , Paterno Jussi , Koskela Ali , Kaarniranta Kai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo see if patients with wet age‐related macular degeneration (wAMD) have significant changes in their systemic levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related serum markers.MethodsWe compared 71 Finnish wAMD patients undergoing anti‐VEGF‐A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) treatments to 64 age‐adjusted controls. The serum levels of EGF (epidermal growth factor), ET‐1 (endothelin 1), IL‐8 (interleukin 8), TGF‐β1 (transforming growth factor beta 1), and VEGF‐A were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsSignificant differences between the groups were found in BMI (p < 0.001), as well as blood pressure and anti‐coagulation medication usage (p = 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively), all of which were higher for the wAMD patients. The median levels of ET‐1 (p = 0.003), IL‐8 (p < 0.001), and VEGF‐A (p = 0.050) were also statistically different. Higher levels of ET‐1 and IL‐8 and lower levels of VEGF‐A were found in the wAMD patients, with anti‐VEGF‐A treatments explaining the lower levels of VEGF‐A. In a crude binomial logistic regression model, ET‐1 (p = 0.041), IL‐8 (p = 0.024), and free active TGF‐β1 (p = 0.038) were found to associate with wAMD, while falling out of significance in an adjusted model with patient characteristics included. Additionally, ET‐1 was found to be associated with the use of various cardiovascular disease (CVD) medications.ConclusionsNo conclusive evidence was found that wAMD‐related EMT would cause significant changes in the systemic serum marker levels. This could, in part, be explained by the fact that wAMD patients naturally exhibit individual types of wAMD characteristics, shown by them requiring different kinds and amounts of medications. ET‐1 and IL‐8 are more easily related to CVD and general inflammation than EMT, but it must be kept in mind that systemic level imbalances in these and other signalling molecules may predispose patients to develop wAMD and progress to its more severe forms.
5xFAD mouse model develops visual dysfunction together with protein aggregation
Authors: Ruuth Johanna , Tamminen Toni , Toropainen Elisa , Koskela Ali , Tanila Heikki , Malm Tarja , Kaarniranta Kai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeDisturbed proteostasis and protein aggregation have a key role in Alzheimer´s disease and age‐related macular degeneration pathology. In this study, we assessed the electrophysiological and protein aggregation related biomarker changes in 5xFAD mouse model.MethodsScotopic and photopic electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded at 3, 6, 9 and 12‐ months old animals followed by optical coherent tomography (OCT) (WT; n = 12, 5xFAD; n = 12). The eyes of 3‐ and 6‐month‐old WT (n = 5) and 5xFAD (n = 5) were used in immunohistochemistry. The paraffin sections were immunostained with the key regulators of lysosomal and proteasomal clearance.Results5xFAD mice showed decreased scotopic and photopic ERG signaling over time compared to WT mice. However, there were no clear changes in OCT between groups. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that proteasomal clearance was disturbed in 6‐month‐old 5xFAD mice compared to WT. Interestingly, there were no changes in autophagy biomarkers.Conclusions5xFAD mouse is a good model to study visual function and protein aggregation mechanism in response to degenerative retina processes.