bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Vinyl Sulfonylation of 3‐Carbonyl‐Substituted Indoles with Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride by Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling: An Application in (3+2) Cycloaddition
Authors: Sandeep K. , Kumar A. Sanjeeva , Kumara Swamy K. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA Rh(III)‐catalyzed site‐selective vinyl sulfonylation of indoles with ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) by a carbonyl oxygen‐directed method is reported. This chemoselective strategy delivers the corresponding cross‐dehydrogenative coupled products exclusively as E‐isomers in high yields under mild conditions and has shown high efficiency and good functional group tolerance. The synthetic potential of the developed route is demonstrated by utilizing the cross‐coupled adducts in click chemistry to access triazoles through thermal (3+2) cycloaddition with excellent regioselectivity in the absence of a metal catalyst.
Direct Access to 2‐Aminobenzoxazinones via Ph3P‐I2 Mediated Deoxygenative Amination of Isatoic Anhydrides with Tertiary Amines
Authors: Pattarawarapan Mookda , Yamano Dolnapa , Wiriya Nittaya , Hongsibsong Surat , Phakhodee Wong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA facile and efficient sonochemical synthesis of 2‐amino‐substituted benzoxazinones was achieved via Ph3P‐I2 mediated deoxygenative amination of isatoic anhydrides. Tertiary amines play a dual role as bases and nucleophiles to react with a range of readily available isatoic anhydrides via regioselective C2‐N bond formation N‐dealkylation. Unlike secondary amines, competing side reaction at C4 carbonyl is completely circumvented. The reaction is also applicable to bicyclic amidines including DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene) and DBN (1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene) providing ϵ‐caprolactam‐ and γ‐lactam derivatives, respectively.
HBF4‐Catalyzed 3,6‐Bis‐diarylmethylation of Carbazoles withpara‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Rekha  , Sharma Sonam , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we demonstrate an atom economical, practical, mild and selective HBF4‐catalyzed 1,6‐conjugate addition of carbazoles topara‐Quinone Methides (p‐QMs) to access 3,6‐bis‐diarylmethyl‐ and mono‐diarylmethyl carbazoles. This metal and additive free protocol provides convenient access to the substituted carbazole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields with a good functional group tolerance. It was found that a couple of 3,6‐disubstituted carbazoles showed interesting photophysical properties and, therefore, might potentially find some applications as host materials in OLEDs.
A new assessment mechanism of primary frequency regulation capability for a supercritical thermal power plant in deep peaking
Authors: Hong Feng , Ji Weiming , Liang Lu , Song Jie , Hao Junhong , Du Ming , Ren Guorui , Du Yanjun , Niu Yuguang , Fang Fang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of renewable energy, the primary frequency control (PFC) is becoming more critical and significant to ensure the stability of the electrical power system. As the main role of PFC, the thermal power unit tends to in a wide operation interval, and the changes in PFC characteristics along with working conditions are inevitable. By decomposing and quantifying the dynamic energy conversion process, this paper proposes a novel mechanism to evaluate the PFC capability for the supercritical thermal power plants that covered 30%–100% of the rated load. In the mechanism, a refined steam turbine model is established to reflect the short‐term dynamic response of PFC by combining it with the coupling characteristics of the main steam valve and main steam pressure in the later phase. Meanwhile, as a new prior assessment index, the equivalent electricity has been put forward to quantify the PFC capability for the power plant. In a case study of a 600 MW supercritical power plant, the capacities of PFC under 30%–50% of the rated load are quantified for the first time. Comparison results between theoretical calculation and real PFC test show that the proposed PFC capability assessment mechanism has acceptable accuracy of 96.1%, which could be effective to assess the frequency response reserve and stability margin in the grid.
A low‐energy approach to processing large‐scale airflow
Authors: Shao Yimin , Bai Yang , Wu Yongjia , Ming Tingzhen , de Richter Renaud , Fan Xianfeng , Lu Xiaohua , Li Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA simplified solar updraft device adapted from the Trombe wall concept was built to process large‐scale airflow using only solar energy. The performances were systematically studied using experimental measurements and numerical models, with the focus of investigating whether this device can generate enough airflow under low solar intensities, and developing a fast‐analytical mathematical model to effectively and efficiently find design rules for further application. The experimental results prove that the air mass flow rate generated by solar updraft in a 0.9 m2 solar updraft device can be as high as 75.6 kg/h when the solar radiation is only 120 W/m2. A comparison of two numerical models shows that it is feasible to develop a fast‐analytical tool based on widely available MATLAB with low demand for computing resources and to provide guidance on how a future device should be designed for particular applications. The study also investigated the effects of a wider range of solar radiation intensities, air channel height and thickness on the updraft performances (e.g., air temperature, airflow velocity, and mass flow rate).
What Approaches Should be Used to Prioritize Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products for Research on Environmental and Human Health Exposure and Effects?
Authors: Mo Jiezhang , Guo Jiahua , Iwata Hisato , Diamond Jerry , Qu Chengkai , Xiong Jiuqiang , Han Jie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are released from multiple anthropogenic sources and thus have a ubiquitous presence in the environment. The environmental exposure and potential effects of PPCPs on biota and humans has aroused concern within the scientific community and the public. Risk assessments are commonly conducted to evaluate the likelihood of chemicals including PPCPs that pose health threats to organisms inhabiting various environmental compartments and humans. Because thousands of PPCPs are currently used, it is impractical to assess the environmental risk of all of them due to data limitations; in addition, new PPCPs are continually being produced. Prioritization approaches, based either on exposure, hazard, or risk, provide a possible means by which those PPCPs that are likely to pose the greatest risk to the environment are identified, thereby enabling more effective allocation of resources in environmental monitoring programs in specific geographical locations and ecotoxicological investigations. In the present review, the importance and current knowledge concerning PPCP occurrence and risk are discussed and priorities for future research are proposed, in terms of PPCP exposure (e.g., optimization of exposure modeling in freshwater ecosystems and more monitoring of PPCPs in the marine environment) or hazard (e.g., differential risk of PPCPs to lower vs. higher trophic level species and risks to human health). Recommended research questions for the next 10 years are also provided, which can be answered by future studies on prioritization of PPCPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:488–501. © 2022 SETAC
Impact of Fluoxetine on Herbivorous Zooplankton and Planktivorous Fish
Authors: Grzesiuk Malgorzata , Gryglewicz Eva , Bentkowski Piotr , Pijanowska Joanna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The contamination of freshwater environments by pharmaceuticals is a growing problem. Modern healthcare uses nearly 3000 substances, many of which are designed to work at low dosages and act on physiological systems that have been evolutionarily conserved across taxa. Because drugs affect the organisms from different trophic levels, pharmaceutical pollution is likely to disturb species interactions. However, such effects are still only poorly understood. We investigated the impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of the common drug fluoxetine (Prozac), an increasingly common contaminant of European waters, on predation behavior of crucian carp (Carassius carassius), a common planktivorous European fish, and the somatic growth of its prey, the water flea (Daphnia magna), a widespread planktonic crustacean. We exposed these two organisms to environmentally relevant levels of fluoxetine (360 ng L−1): the fish for 4 weeks and the water fleas for two generations. We tested the growth of the daphnids and the hunting behavior (reaction distance at which fish attacked Daphnia and feeding rate) of the fish under drug contamination. We found that Daphnia exposed to fluoxetine grew larger than a nonexposed cohort. The hunting behavior of C. carassius was altered when they were exposed to the drug; the reaction distance was shorter, and the feeding rate was slower. These effects occurred regardless of Daphnia size and the treatment regime they were subjected to. Our results suggest that contamination of freshwater environments with fluoxetine can disrupt the top-down ecological control of herbivores by reducing the hunting efficiency of fish and, as a consequence, may lead to increases in cladoceran population numbers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:385–392. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Quantitative trait loci, candidate genes, and breeding lines to improve salt tolerance at the flowering and seedling stages in rice
Authors: Pruthi Rajat , Chapagain Sandeep , Coronejo Sapphire , Singh Lovepreet , Subudhi Prasant Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSalinity is a major environmental constraint that limits growth and productivity of rice all over the world. Although rice plants are vulnerable to salt stress at both seedling and flowering stages, genetic dissection of salt tolerance at the flowering stage is challenging due to non‐uniformity of stress application at the appropriate growth stage. The present study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes associated with the flowering stage salt tolerance and compare with those associated with the seedling stage using a high‐resolution genetic map. A population of advanced generation introgression lines with uniform flowering time was evaluated for salt tolerance at the seedling and flowering stages. A genetic map was constructed using 14,230 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism markers between donor parents (TCCP and FL478) and the recurrent parent (RP) (Jupiter). Seventeen and 28 QTLs were identified for traits associated with salt tolerance at the seedling and flowering stage, respectively. Important candidate genes present in the flowering stage salt responsive QTL regions were OsHAK13, OsCYP21‐4, GIF1, and OsRGG20, whereas the seedling stage QTL intervals harbored genes such OsHAK20, STRK1, and OsMADS25. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of OsHAK13 and OsCYP21‐4 in TCCP, 3 days after exposure to salt stress at the flowering stage. Similarly, expression of OsHAK20, STRK1, and OsMADS25 was highly upregulated in TCCP under salt stress at the seedling stage. Due to differences in genetic control of salt tolerance at both seedling and flowering stages, stacking of genes/QTLs for salt tolerance at both stages will be needed. Since some beneficial QTLs were also contributed by the RP, emphasis should be on targeting the desirable QTLs from donors while retaining the beneficial QTLs of the RP to improve salinity tolerance in rice using marker‐assisted selection.
Future Humanities
Authors: Tava Francesco , Oostveen Daan F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFuture Humanitieshighlights the rise and convergence of new and critical humanities by publishing trans‐ and interdisciplinary research focused on diverse subjects and methodologies. These include, but are not limited to, philosophy, cultural and historical studies, religious studies, linguistics and semiotics, literature, and the arts as they intersect with various fields of study such as digital transformation and artificial intelligence, health ethics and biomedical technologies, climate change and biodiversity, and new media and communication. Special attention is given to the public dimension of these intersections and to the role that today's intellectuals play in their creation and development.
PDNNs: The parallel deep neural networks for the Navier–Stokes equations coupled with heat equation
Authors: Zhang Wen , Li Jian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeep learning has achieved noteworthy success in various applications. There is a new trend of adopting deep learning methods to study partial differential equations (PDEs). In this article, we use a kind of parallel deep neural networks (PDNNs) to approximate the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the heat equation. The approach embeds the PDE formula into the loss function of the neural networks and the resulting networks is trained to meet the equations along with the boundary conditions. Moreover, the approximate ability of the PDNNs is demonstrated by the theoretical analysis of convergence. Finally, we present numerous numerical examples to verify effectiveness of the PDNNs, in which the viscosity is a constant, a function dependent on the space variable and a function of the temperature .
Designing the FISHstory Project to Support Fisheries Management
Authors: Byrd Julia , Collier William C , Iberle Alyson 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The U.S. South Atlantic region has many long-standing data needs and limited data collection resources for federally managed marine fish stocks. Much of the harvest is dominated by recreational fisheries, where data are limited, especially during historic time periods. FISHstory, a pilot project developed through the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council's Citizen Science Program, developed a standardized protocol for archiving and analyzing historic photos from the 1940s to 1970s from a for-hire fleet based in Florida. These photos document the beginnings of the South Atlantic for-hire fishery and are potentially an untapped source of data that can help recreate information on catch and length composition prior to when dedicated fishery dependent surveys began. Many careful steps were taken in the design of FISHstory to ensure data collected would be fit for purpose and useful to management. This paper highlights these steps and describes lessons learned through project development.
How Fishery Managers Can Harness the Power of the Crowd: Using Citizen Science and Nontraditional Data Sources in Fisheries Management
Authors: Oremland Laura , Furnish Abigail , Byrd Julia , Cody Richard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A constant challenge in fisheries stock assessment and management is having sufficient data to inform research and analyses. Nontraditional data sources like citizen science, when collected and applied appropriately, can help fill such data gaps. Use of nontraditional data sources is on the rise, but its use and application in fisheries science and management remains largely untapped. In order to examine the use of such data sources, we held a symposium at the 2020 American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting entitled “How Citizen Science and Nontraditional Data Sources can be Better Incorporated Into Fisheries Stock Assessments and Management” (https://bit.ly/3V13vHe). The session included 12 talks and a panel discussion to examine best practices. This paper reviews seven nontraditional data programs and projects used to support fisheries management featured in this special issue of Fisheries. It concludes with key lessons from the panel discussion for best applying nontraditional data sources in fisheries.
Characterizing microglial gene expression in a model of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vainchtein Ilia D. , Alsema Astrid M. , Dubbelaar Marissa L. , Grit Corien , Vinet Jonathan , van Weering Hilmar R. J. , Al‐Izki Sarah , Biagini Giuseppe , Brouwer Nieske , Amor Sandra , Baker David , Eggen Bart J. L. , Boddeke Erik W. G. M. , Kooistra Susanne M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system in young adults. Chronic‐relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (crEAE) in Biozzi ABH mice is an experimental model of MS. This crEAE model is characterized by an acute phase with severe neurological disability, followed by remission of disease, relapse of neurological disease and remission that eventually results in a chronic progressive phase that mimics the secondary progressive phase (SPEAE) of MS. In both MS and SPEAE, the role of microglia is poorly defined. We used a crEAE model to characterize microglia in the different phases of crEAE phases using morphometric and RNA sequencing analyses. At the initial, acute inflammation phase, microglia acquired a pro‐inflammatory phenotype. At the remission phase, expression of standard immune activation genes was decreased while expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and tissue remodeling were increased. Chronic phase microglia partially regain inflammatory gene sets and increase expression of genes associated with proliferation. Together, the data presented here indicate that microglia obtain different features at different stages of crEAE and a particularly mixed phenotype in the chronic stage. Understanding the properties of microglia that are present at the chronic phase of EAE will help to understand the role of microglia in secondary progressive MS, to better aid the development of therapies for this phase of the disease.
Generalized models for quantifying laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Thompson Paul A. , Watkins Kate E. , Woodhead Zoe V. J. , Bishop Dorothy V. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider how analysis of brain lateralization using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) data can be brought in line with modern statistical methods typically used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Conventionally, a laterality index is computed in fTCD from the difference between the averages of each hemisphere's signal within a period of interest (POI) over a series of trials. We demonstrate use of generalized linear models (GLMs) and generalized additive models (GAM) to analyze data from individual participants in three published studies (N = 154, 73 and 31), and compare this with results from the conventional POI averaging approach, and with laterality assessed using fMRI (N = 31). The GLM approach was based on classic fMRI analysis that includes a hemodynamic response function as a predictor; the GAM approach estimated the response function from the data, including a term for time relative to epoch start (simple GAM), plus a categorical index corresponding to individual epochs (complex GAM). Individual estimates of the fTCD laterality index are similar across all methods, but error of measurement is lowest using complex GAM. Reliable identification of cases of bilateral language appears to be more accurate with complex GAM. We also show that the GAM‐based approach can be used to efficiently analyze more complex designs that incorporate interactions between tasks.
Solidification of electrically conducting liquid flow driven by shear and pressure gradients subject to viscous and Joule heating
Authors: Aljaghtham Mutabe , El Habashi Salah , Premnath Kannan , Alsulami Radi A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSolidification of a liquid in motion driven by shear and pressure gradients occurs in many natural settings and technological applications. When the liquid is electrically conducting, its solidification rates can potentially be modulated by an imposed magnetic field. The shearing motion results in viscous dissipation and the Lorentz force induced by the magnetic field causes Joule heating of the fluid, which can influence the structure of the flow, thermal fields, and thereby the solidification process. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to study the combined effects of shear and pressure gradients in the presence of a magnetic field on the solidification of a liquid between two parallel plates, with one of them being insulated and under constant motion, and the other being cooled convectively and at rest. Under the quasi‐steady assumption, closed‐form semianalytical solutions are obtained for the instantaneous location of the solid–liquid interface, Nusselt number, and dimensionless power density as a function of various characteristic parameters such as the Hartmann number, pressure gradient parameter, Brinkman number, and Biot number. Furthermore, an interesting remelt or steady‐state condition for the interfacial location is derived as arising from the competing effects of the solid side heat flux and viscous dissipation and Joule heating on the liquid side. The newly derived analytical results are shown to reduce to the various classical results in the limiting cases. A detailed systematic study is performed by the numerical solution of the semianalytical formulation, and the effects of different characteristic parameters on the solidification process are discussed.
Thermal distribution analysis of rectangular fin considering multiboiling heat transfer modes
Authors: Sindhu Sundar , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this investigation, a numerical method is used to compute the thermal distribution analysis of a rectangular fin with surface emissivity and internal heat generation. Here, the thermal conductivity, heat generation, emissivity at the surface, and coefficient of heat transfer depend on temperature linearly. The role of four distinct multiboiling heat transfer modes such as laminar film boiling (condensation), laminar convection, turbulent convection, and nucleate boiling are discussed in detail and the corresponding outcomes are displayed graphically. Isolated (insulated) and convective tip boundary conditions for the fin tip are employed in this study. The solution is obtained using shooting technique involving Runge Kutta Fehlberg method. It is emphasized that the thermal distribution shows a diminishing trend for the convective tip condition compared to the insulated tip. In addition to this, it is illustrated that laminar film boiling and laminar convection are two effective modes of heat transfer in comparison with turbulent convection and nucleate boiling for a finned surface in boiling liquids. The study on fin efficiency shows that fin efficiency increases with the increase in internal heat generation number.
Management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Authors: Luzzatto Lucio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPNH is a chronic hemolytic disorder due to an intrinsic red cell abnormality. There is no evidence that either prolonged administration of corticosteroids or chemotherapy are beneficial in PNH. On the other hand, patients can live with PNH for many years with supportive management. At the moment complement inhibitor therapy is indicated in most cases; and it is highly desirable that the current financial barriers to this therapy be overcome.