bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical characteristics of a Hall effect thruster body in a vacuum facility testing environment
Authors: Walker Jonathan , Lev Dan , Walker Mitchell L. R. , Khayms Vadim , King David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe operational characteristics of Hall effect thrusters are altered by conductive surfaces in vacuum facilities. Conductive surfaces alter charge distribution in the plume by providing pathways for electron-ion recombination that do not exist in the spaceflight environment. Charge recombination pathways impact thruster performance and plume behavior through mechanisms that are not entirely understood. The incomplete understanding of the relationship between charge recombination pathways and thruster behavior limits the ability to characterize thruster performance through ground testing. This paper quantifies the effect of polarity and magnitude of body-to-cathode voltage on coupling between the thruster body and the local plasma environment. The effort operates the T-140 Hall thruster at a single, fixed operating condition of 300 V, 3.5 kW, with anode and cathode xenon flow rates of 11.6 ± 0.03 mg/s and 1.61 ± 0.12 mg/s, respectively. During data collection, the chamber was maintained at a pressure of 8.7 × 10–6 Torr-Xe. The thruster body-to-ground voltage is manipulated by varying body-to-ground resistance. Results show the thruster pole face and body circumference couple to the local plasma environment through distinct sheaths. The polarity of the body-to-cathode voltage determines the characteristics of these sheaths. Therefore, the body-to-cathode voltage controls the interaction between the thruster body recombination pathway and the local plasma environment.
Emotional expression in human odour
Authors: Roberts S. Craig , Třebická Fialová Jitka , Sorokowska Agnieszka , Langford Ben , Sorokowski Piotr , Třebický Vít , Havlíček Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent work has demonstrated that human body odour alters with changing emotional state and that emotionally laden odours can affect the physiology and behaviour of people exposed to them. Here we review these discoveries, which we believe add to a growing recognition that the human sense of smell and its potential role in social interactions have been underappreciated. However, we also critically evaluate the current evidence, with a particular focus on methodology and the interpretation of emotional odour studies. We argue that while the evidence convincingly indicates that humans retain a capacity for olfactory communication of emotion, the extent to which this occurs in ordinary social interaction remains an open question. Future studies should place fewer restrictions on participant selection and lifestyle and adopt more realistic experimental designs. We also need to devote more consideration to underlying mechanisms and to recognise the constraints that these may place on effective communication. Finally, we outline some promising approaches to address these issues, and raise some broader theoretical questions that such approaches may help us to answer.
Energy intakes, macronutrient intakes and the percentages of energy from macronutrients with adolescent BMI: results from a 5-year cohort study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Tang Hong K. , Nguyen Ngoc-Minh , Dibley Michael J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:Adolescence is a period of life when dietary patterns and nutrient intakes may greatly influence adult fatness. This study assesses the tracking of energy and nutrient intakes of Ho Chi Minh City adolescents over 5 years. It explores the possible relationships between energy and the percentage of energy from macronutrients with BMI.Methods:Height, weight, time spent on physical activity, screen time and dietary intakes were collected annually between 2004 and 2009 among 752 junior high school students with a mean age of 11·87 years at baseline. The tracking was investigated using correlation coefficients and weighted kappa statistics (k) for repeated measurements. Mixed effect models were used to investigate the association between energy intakes and percentage energy from macronutrients with BMI.Results:There were increases in the mean BMI annually, but greater in boys than in girls. Correlation coefﬁcients (0·2 < r < 0·4) between participants’ intakes at baseline and 5-year follow-up suggest moderate tracking. Extended kappa values were lowest for energy from carbohydrate (CHO) in both girls and boys (k = 0·18 & 0·24, respectively), and highest for protein in girls (k = 0·47) and fat in boys (k = 0·48). The multilevel models showed the following variables significantly correlated with BMI: CHO, fat, percentage of energy from CHO, fat, time spent for moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time, age and sex.Conclusions:The poor to fair tracking observed in this cohort suggests that individual dietary patterns exhibited in the first year are unlikely to predict energy and nutrient intakes in the fifth year.
On the Relationship between Global Justice and Global Democracy: A Three-Layered View
Authors: Erman Eva 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow should we understand the relationship between global justice and global democracy? One popular view is captured by the aphorism “No global justice without global democracy.” According to Dryzek and Tanasoca's reading of this aphorism, a particular form of deliberative global democracy is seen as the way to specify and justify what global justice is and requires in various contexts. Taking its point of departure in a criticism of this proposal, this essay analyzes how to best understand the relationship between global justice and global democracy. The aim is not to offer a first-order substantial account of this relationship, but to theorize the normative boundary conditions for such an account; that is, the conditions that any plausible theory should respect. These conditions take the form of what is here called a “three-layered view,” which is specified through three claims. It is argued, first, that global democracy is best seen as a partial normative ideal; second, that global democracy must be grounded in fundamental principles of justice; and third, that global democracy is an ideal through which applied principles of distributive justice are formulated and justified in light of reasonable disagreement about what justice requires.
Fathers’ level of involvement in childcare activities and its association with the diet quality of children in Northern Ghana
Authors: Saaka Mahama , Awini Simon , Kizito Fred , Hoeschle-Zeledon Irmgard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:This study assessed the level of fathers’ involvement in childcare activities and its association with the diet quality of their children in Northern Ghana.Setting:The study was carried out in the Northern, Upper East and Upper West regions of Ghana. The people in the study area mostly depend on agriculture as their main occupation.Design:A community-based comparative analytical cross-sectional study.Participants:A sample of 422 rural mother–father pairs who had at least one child aged 6–36 months.Results:The overall level of fathers’ involvement in childcare and feeding activities was high among 63·5 % of the respondents in the 6 months prior to the study. The most common childcare activity men were involved in was providing money for the purchase of food for the child. Minimum acceptable diet was higher for children with a higher level of paternal involvement in childcare activities (adjusted OR = 3·33 (95 % CI: 1·41, 7·90)), compared to their counterparts whose father’s involvement was poor. Fathers who had a positive attitude to childcare and feeding were 2·9 more likely to get involved in childcare activities (adjusted OR = 2·90 (95 % CI: 1·87, 4·48)).Conclusions:The findings confirm earlier studies that show that fathers’ involvement in childcare activities including feeding is positively associated with improved child feeding practices. The findings point to the need to have a policy shift in which both men and women are key actors in interventions designed to improve child nutritional status in rural settings of Northern Ghana.
The importance of protein variety in a higher quality and lower environmental impact dietary pattern
Authors: Ridoutt Bradley G , Baird Danielle , Hendrie Gilly A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:Eating a variety of nutritious foods is fundamental to good nutrition. However, this principle is challenged when recommendations seeking to improve the environmental sustainability of diets call for avoidance of foods considered to have a higher environmental footprint, such as animal-sourced foods. Our objective was to assess the implications for nutritional adequacy of protein choice across Australian adult diets preselected as having higher quality and lower environmental impact scores.Design:Each individual diet was assessed for variety of food choice within the ‘Fresh meat and alternatives’ food group defined in the Australian Dietary Guidelines, which includes protein-rich foods such as eggs, nuts, tofu and legumes in addition to animal meats. Diets were grouped according to variety score and whether they included only animal meats, only alternatives or a variety of meat and alternatives. Nutrient content was assessed relative to estimated average requirements (EAR).Setting:Australia.Participants:1700 adults participating in the Australian Health SurveyResults:For diets with higher diet quality and lower environmental impact, the likelihood of achieving nutrient EAR significantly increased as variety of food choice in the ‘Fresh meat and alternatives’ food group increased (P< 0·001). Variety score and number of serves were also correlated (r= 0·52,P< 0·001) which is relevant since most diets did not meet the recommended minimum number of serves for this food group.Conclusions:Greater variety within the ‘Fresh meat and alternatives’ food group is beneficial to meeting EAR and lower environmental impact diets can include three or more selections including foods of animal origin.
“A Simple Act of Justice”: The Pueblo Rejection of U.S. Citizenship in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Teeters Lila M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn January of 1920, the House of Representatives passed HR 288, also known as the Carter Bill, which would have made all American Indians born in the territorial United States citizens. While lauded by some as a “simple act of justice” to extend citizenship to America’s first peoples, many Native Americans protested the bill, which eventually led to its demise. In the press, the Pueblos led the protest. Their activism highlights key, yet overlooked, developments in American Indian citizenship in the early twentieth century. First, citizenship lost any pretense of a consensual nature. Second, Indigenous protests forced congressmen to change the very nature of citizenship: from a status that marked completed assimilation to something much more pluralistic. Highlighting the Pueblos’ fight helps historians analyze Native activism in the Progressive Era while problematizing citizenship as the ultimate aspirational status.
Reconstruction of the skull and description of new anatomical features of Diadectes absitus (Diadectidae, Diadectomorpha) from the early Permian of central Germany
Authors: KLEMBARA Jozef , BERMAN David S , HENRICI Amy C. , MARTENS Thomas , HAIN Miroslav 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTPresented for the first time is a reconstruction of the skull of Diadectes (Diadectomorpha) based on several specimens of a single species Diadectes absitus from the early Permian of central Germany. Since its first discovery at the end of the 19th century the only reconstructions of the skull of Diadectes were without specific designation, despite a rich Permo-Carboniferous fossil record. The skull of D. absitus is reconstructed in dorsal, lateral, posterior, and ventral views and includes exocranial and endocranial elements. The reconstructions of Diadectes presented here are compared with those of all other authors, and the differences are analysed and discussed. The comparisons recognised three features not recorded in other species of Diadectes: (1) anterior and posterior margins of the transverse process of the pterygoid parallel one another; (2) the angle between the posterior margin of the transverse process and the lateral margin of the quadrate ramus of the pterygoid is sharply defined; and (3) the anterior ventral margin of the transverse process of the pterygoid bears a distinct sharp ridge. These characters are discussed in the context of the skull anatomy of Diadectes and inaccuracies in previous cranial reconstructions of the genus are rectified.
Legal doctrine as human rights ‘practice’
Authors: Da Silva Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract‘Practical’ approaches to human rights hold that analysis of legal human rights must attend to the practice(s) of international human rights law and that the nature and justification of international human rights is best determined by attending to their role(s) in international human rights law’s system of normative practices, not analogous moral rights outside it. These core tenets plausibly explain the apparent normativity of international human rights law despite controversies about the status of many ‘rights’ in the ‘International Bill of Rights’. Yet plausible practical approaches require clear and compelling accounts of which practices qualify as human rights practices. Most existing accounts view ‘responses’ to claims made in the name of the international legal community as key to the identification of human rights. Activities by domestic governments and non-governmental actors qualify as relevant practices. While understandable, these ‘responsive’ accounts of practice create more problems than they solve. This work accordingly promotes a largely unexplored account on which ‘human rights practices’ are strictly defined by international legal doctrine. This ‘doctrinal’ account of practice is most likely to maintain practical approaches to human rights’ potential benefits without generating an unduly expansive rights register or adopting strong theoretical commitments about the nature of law.
Is Kp the Best Single Magnetic Activity Parameterization for Electromagnetic Radial Diffusion in the Outer Radiation Belt?
Authors: Fatmasiefa Fira , Lejosne Solène 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpecifying radial diffusion magnitude is one of the main requirements for most physics‐based radiation belt models. Yet, radial diffusion quantification remains uncertain. The most commonly used parameterization for the logarithm of radial diffusion magnitude is a linear function of a magnetic index, , with a coarse time resolution of 3 hours. This work presents alternate linear parameterizations of similar quality for the logarithm of radial diffusion magnitude, considering other magnetic indices and solar wind parameters. Using a publicly available time series for the logarithm of electromagnetic radial diffusion magnitude, we investigate linear relationships with magnetic indices such as Kp, Hp60, Hp30, AE, SymH, and Dst and solar wind parameters such as solar wind dynamic pressure, solar wind speed, and the north‐south component of the interplanetary magnetic field. We find that Kp, Hp60, Hp30, and solar dynamical pressure yield the strongest linear correlation with the logarithm of radial diffusion magnitude. We also provide simple, energy‐dependent, linear models of the logarithm of radial diffusion magnitude that best fit the time series, as well as quantifications of the root‐mean square errors. This work contributes to improving the time resolution for radial diffusion parameterization and operational radiation belt models. In particular, it suggests that the new 30‐min and 60‐min geomagnetic indices Hpo (Hp30 and Hp60, respectively) could also be used in place of Kp in the most commonly used Kp‐driven parameterizations for radiation belt radial diffusion, to improve the time resolution of the models.
Diverse Surface Signatures of Stratospheric Polar Vortex Anomalies
Authors: Kolstad E. W. , Lee S. H. , Butler A. H. , Domeisen D. I. V. , Wulff C. O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Arctic stratospheric polar vortex is an important driver of winter weather and climate variability and predictability in North America and Eurasia, with a downward influence that on average projects onto the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). While tropospheric circulation anomalies accompanying anomalous vortex states display substantial case‐by‐case variability, understanding the full diversity of the surface signatures requires larger sample sizes than those available from reanalyses. Here, we first show that a large ensemble of seasonal hindcasts realistically reproduces the observed average surface signatures for weak and strong vortex winters and produces sufficient spread for single ensemble members to be considered as alternative realizations. We then use the ensemble to analyze the diversity of surface signatures during weak and strong vortex winters. Over Eurasia, relatively few weak vortex winters are associated with large‐scale cold conditions, suggesting that the strength of the observed cold signature could be inflated due to insufficient sampling. For both weak and strong vortex winters, the canonical temperature pattern in Eurasia only clearly arises when North Atlantic sea surface temperatures are in phase with the NAO. Over North America, while the main driver of interannual winter temperature variability is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the stratosphere can modulate ENSO teleconnections, affecting temperature and circulation anomalies over North America and downstream. These findings confirm that anomalous vortex states are associated with a broad spectrum of surface climate anomalies on the seasonal scale, which may not be fully captured by the small observational sample size.
Estimating Ocean Heat Uptake Using Boundary Green's Functions: A Perfect‐Model Test of the Method
Authors: Wu Quran , Gregory Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOcean heat uptake is caused by “excess heat” being added to the ocean surface by air‐sea fluxes and then carried to depths by ocean transports. One way to estimate excess heat in the ocean is to propagate observed sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies downward using a Green's function (GF) representation of ocean transports. Taking a “perfect‐model” approach, we test this GF method using a historical simulation, in which the true excess heat is diagnosed. We derive GFs from two approaches: (a) simulating GFs using idealized tracers, and (b) inferring GFs from simulated CFCs and climatological tracers. In the model world, we find that combining simulated GFs with SST anomalies reconstructs the Indo‐Pacific excess heat with a root‐mean‐square error of 26% for depth‐integrated changes; the corresponding number is 34% for inferred GFs. Simulated GFs are inaccurate because they are coarse grained in space and time to reduce computational cost. Inferred GFs are inaccurate because observations are insufficient constraints. Both kinds of GFs neglect the slowdown of the North Atlantic heat uptake as the ocean warms up. SST boundary conditions contain redistributive cooling in the Southern Ocean, which causes an underestimate of heat uptake there. All these errors are of comparable magnitude, and tend to compensate each other partially. Inferred excess heat is not sensitive to: (a) small changes in the shape of prior GFs, or (b) additional constraints from SF6 and bomb 14C.
InGaN micro-light-emitting diodes monolithically grown on Si: achieving ultra-stable operation through polarization and strain engineering
Authors: Wu Yuanpeng , Xiao Yixin , Navid Ishtiaque , Sun Kai , Malhotra Yakshita , Wang Ping , Wang Ding , Xu Yuanxiang , Pandey Ayush , Reddeppa Maddaka , Shin Walter , Liu Jiangnan , Min Jungwook , Mi Zetian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicro or submicron scale light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) have been extensively studied recently as the next-generation display technology. It is desired that µLEDs exhibit high stability and efficiency, submicron pixel size, and potential monolithic integration with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics. Achieving such µLEDs, however, has remained a daunting challenge. The polar nature of III-nitrides causes severe wavelength/color instability with varying carrier concentrations in the active region. The etching-induced surface damages and poor material quality of high indium composition InGaN quantum wells (QWs) severely deteriorate the performance of µLEDs, particularly those emitting in the green/red wavelength. Here we report, for the first time, µLEDs grown directly on Si with submicron lateral dimensions. The µLEDs feature ultra-stable, bright green emission with negligible quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE). Detailed elemental mapping and numerical calculations show that the QCSE is screened by introducing polarization doping in the active region, which consists of InGaN/AlGaN QWs surrounded by an AlGaN/GaN shell with a negative Al composition gradient along the c-axis. In comparison with conventional GaN barriers, AlGaN barriers are shown to effectively compensate for the tensile strain within the active region, which significantly reduces the strain distribution and results in enhanced indium incorporation without compromising the material quality. This study provides new insights and a viable path for the design, fabrication, and integration of high-performance µLEDs on Si for a broad range of applications in on-chip optical communication and emerging augmented reality/mixed reality devices, and so on.
Src: coordinating metabolism in cancer
Authors: Pelaz Sara G. , Tabernero Arantxa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetabolism must be tightly regulated to fulfil the dynamic requirements of cancer cells during proliferation, migration, stemness and differentiation. Src is a node of several signals involved in many of these biological processes, and it is also an important regulator of cell metabolism. Glucose uptake, glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation are among the metabolic pathways that can be regulated by Src. Therefore, this oncoprotein is in an excellent position to coordinate and finely tune cell metabolism to fuel the different cancer cell activities. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of recent progress made in determining the role of Src in glucose metabolism as well as the link of this role with cancer cell metabolic plasticity and tumour progression. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges facing this field.
Non-genetic stratification reveals epigenetic heterogeneity and identifies vulnerabilities of glycolysis addiction in lung adenocarcinoma subtype
Authors: Song Xuming , Zhang Te , Ding Hanlin , Feng Yipeng , Yang Wenmin , Yin Xuewen , Chen Bing , Liang Yingkuan , Mao Qixing , Xia Wenjie , Yu Guiping , Xu Lin , Dong Gaochao , Jiang Feng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibits high heterogeneity and is well known for its high genetic variation. Recently, the understanding of non-genetic variation provides a new perspective to study the heterogeneity of LUAD. Little is known about whether super-enhancers (SEs) may be primarily responsible for the inter-tumor heterogeneity of LUAD. We used super-enhancer RNA (seRNA) levels of a large-scale clinical well-annotated LUAD cohort to stratify patients into three clusters with different prognosis and other malignant characteristics. Mechanistically, estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) in cluster 3-like cell lines acts as a cofactor of BRD4 to assist SE-promoter loops to activate glycolysis-related target gene expression, thereby promoting glycolysis and malignant progression, which confers a therapeutic vulnerability to glycolytic inhibitors. Our study identified three groups of patients according to seRNA levels, among which patients in cluster 3 have the worst prognosis and vulnerability of glycolysis dependency. We also proposed a 3-TF index model to stratify patients with glycolysis-addicted tumors according to tumor SE stratification.