bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinship, Factions and Survival in Pakistani Politics
Authors: Lyon Stephen M. , Ashraf Hassan Sohaila 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pakistan’s political volatility is well known and oft cited as a cause for concern both regionally and internationally. The state is accused of adopting duplicitous tactics and fostering violent paramilitary organizations in its efforts to undermine Indian hegemony and internal opposition. From the outside, the persistent functioning of the state can sometimes appear to be a mystery. Managing chronic conflicting adversarial relations over a sustained period of time demands particular social and political tools that must be resilient while ensuring robust reproduction of particular types of shared interests. Such social and political tools are diverse and operate to generate both stability and instability in state political institutions. The political networks of individuals and groups that actively seek to control and manipulate state institutions are formed through different types of relationship, but one of the most publicly visible is marriage. Marriage networks offer opportunities for indirect alliances through children, siblings and other kin members in ways that need not threaten ideologically rooted affiliations, such as those created through shared political party membership. In this working paper, we focus on the communicative potential of such marriage networks through comparing village networks of landowners and the families who engage actively in electoral politics in Punjab, Pakistan. Although these findings are based on more than two decades of research carried out in rural and urban Pakistan, they remain partial, because Pakistani politics is anything but tidy or simply. Nevertheless, any attempt to analyze Pakistani politics that neglects the impact of the complex personal relationship networks is unlikely to satisfactorily explain or even describe the current political situation of the country.
Synergistic prostaglandin E synthesis by myeloid and endothelial cells promotes fetal hematopoietic stem cell expansion in vertebrates
Authors: Cacialli Pietro , Mailhe Marie‐Pierre , Wagner Ingrid , Merkler Doron , Golub Rachel , Bertrand Julien Y 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are produced from the hemogenic endothelium and will expand in a transient hematopoietic niche. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is essential during vertebrate development and HSC specification, but its precise source in the embryo remains elusive. Here, we show that in the zebrafish embryo, PGE2 synthesis genes are expressed by distinct stromal cell populations, myeloid (neutrophils, macrophages), and endothelial cells of the caudal hematopoietic tissue. Ablation of myeloid cells, which produce the PGE2 precursor prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), results in loss of HSCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue, which could be rescued by exogeneous PGE2 or PGH2 supplementation. Endothelial cells contribute by expressing the PGH2 import transporter slco2b1 and ptges3, the enzyme converting PGH2 into PGE2. Of note, differential niche cell expression of PGE2 biosynthesis enzymes is also observed in the mouse fetal liver. Taken altogether, our data suggest that the triad composed of neutrophils, macrophages, and endothelial cells sequentially and synergistically contributes to blood stem cell expansion during vertebrate development.
Eficacia de herbicidas posemergentes sobre Oryza latifolia Desv. (arroz pato) y selectividad al arroz Palmar 18
Authors: Picado-Arroyo Grettel , Herrera-Murillo Franklin 
Published: August 2022

Introducción. Oryza latifolia Desv. es una maleza problemática en plantaciones de arroz, dada la competencia que ejerce y la limitada disponibilidad de herbicidas para su control, que sean selectivos a variedades de arroz convencional. Objetivo. Identificar herbicidas posemergentes eficaces contra O. latifolia y selectivos a la variedad de arroz Palmar 18 (Oryza sativa L.). Materiales y métodos. De abril a noviembre del 2019 en la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Alajuela, Costa Rica, se realizaron dos experimentos en macetas bajo condiciones de invernadero; en el primero se evaluaron los herbicidas fenoxaprop-p-etil 50, 70, 90 g i.a. ha-1, setoxidim 125, 225, 325 g i.a. ha-1 y profoxidim 150, 200, 250 g i.a. ha-1, aplicados sobre plantas de O. latifolia de dos a tres hojas. Se utilizó un diseño experimental irrestricto al azar con diez tratamientos (se incluyó un testigo sin herbicida) y cinco repeticiones. En el segundo experimento, se evaluó la selectividad de fenoxaprop-p-etil 50 g i.a. ha-1, setoxidim 125 g i.a. ha-1 y profoxidim 150 g i.a. ha-1, a la variedad convencional Palmar 18 en 2-3 y 4-5 hojas. Se utilizó un diseño irrestricto al azar con arreglo factorial 3x2 (tres herbicidas y dos estados de desarrollo), dos testigos sin herbicidas y seis repeticiones. Resultados. Todos los herbicidas en las dosis evaluadas controlaron entre 96 y 100 % a O. latifolia. Los herbicidas profoxidim y setoxidim mostraron ser selectivos al arroz Palmar 18, bajo las condiciones en que se realizó la investigación, no así el fenoxaprop-p-etil que causó daños severos en las plantas de arroz Palmar 18. Conclusión. Profoxidim 150 g i.a. ha-1 y setoxidim 125 g i.a. ha-1 fueron eficaces contra O. latifolia y solo causaron daños leves temporales a la variedad de arroz Palmar 18.
Beyond the Teleseism: Introducing Regional Seismic and Geodetic Data into Routine USGS Finite-Fault Modeling
Authors: Goldberg Dara E. , Koch Pablo , Melgar Diego , Riquelme Sebastian , Yeck William L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) routinely produces finite-fault models following significant earthquakes. These models are spatiotemporal estimates of coseismic slip critical to constraining downstream response products such as ShakeMap ground motion estimates, Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquake for Response loss estimates, and ground failure assessments. Because large earthquakes can involve slip over tens to hundreds of kilometers, point-source approximations are insufficient, and it is vital to rapidly assess the amount, timing, and location of slip along the fault. Initially, the USGS finite-fault products were computed in the first several hours after a significant earthquake, using teleseismic body wave and surface wave observations. With only teleseismic waveforms, it is generally possible to obtain a reliable model for earthquakes of magnitude 7 and larger. Here, we detail newly implemented updates to NEIC’s modeling capabilities, specifically to allow joint modeling of local-to-regional strong-motion accelerometer, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations in addition to teleseismic waveforms. We present joint inversion results for the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel, Chile, earthquake, to confirm the method’s reliability. Next, we provide examples from recent earthquakes: the 29 July 2021 Mw 8.2 Chignik, Alaska, United States, the 14 August 2021 Mw 7.2 Nippes, Haiti, and the 8 July 2021 Mw 6.0 Antelope Valley, California, United States, earthquakes. These examples confirm that jointly leveraging a variety of geophysical datasets improves the reliability of the slip model and demonstrate that such a combination can be leveraged for rapid response. The inclusion of these new datasets allows for more consistent finite-fault modeling of earthquakes as small as magnitude 6. As accelerometer, GNSS, and InSAR observations worldwide become more accessible, these joint models will become more routine, providing improved resolution and spatiotemporal constraints on rapid finite-fault models, and thereby improving the estimates of downstream earthquake response products.
(Nie)dopuszczalność zmian w zakresie podatku akcyzowego w przedmiocie paliw w państwach członkowskich na przykładzie Polski
Authors: Kisiel Szymon 
Published: August 2022

Celem autora artykułu było poddanie analizie możliwości zmian w zakresie polityki podatkowej, która miała miejsce w latach 2020-2022. W związku z dynamicznymi zmianami cen, a przede wszystkim cen w zakresie paliw, wywołanych m.in. pandemią COVID-19, polska władza ustawodawcza i wykonawcza podjęły próby zahamowania wyraźnej inflacji. Interwencja obejmowała przede wszystkim podatki pośrednie, tj. podatek od towarów i usług i akcyzę. To właśnie zmiany w zakresie podatku akcyzowego stały się kanwą do niniejszego opracowania. Celem było zbadanie dopuszczalności zmian legislacyjnych i ich skonfrontowanie z obowiązującymi normami prawa unijnego. W pierwszej części autor podjął próbę usytuowania podatku akcyzowego w sferze unormowań obowiązujących na terenie Unii Europejskiej, oraz scharakteryzował pojęcie harmonizacji. W dalszej części opisano ewolucję unormowań w zakresie podatku akcyzowego i przyczyny harmonizacji w zakresie tego podatku. W ostatniej części dokonano dogłębnej analizy algorytmów wyznaczających progi dla podatku akcyzowego i porównano je ze zmianami w krajowych aktach prawnych. Pozwoliło to na wyciągnięcie wniosków, rozstrzygnięcie zagadnienia i wyciągnięcie konkluzji w przedmiocie prawidłowości postępowania w procesie legislacyjnym, braku uchybień i naruszeń prawa unijnego w omawianym zakresie.
Pengembangan Media Evaluasi Pembelajaran IPS “MAPS” dengan Game Web Browser Based Learning untuk siswa SMP
Authors: Eko Putro Santi Dwi Retno , Adi Khofifatu Rohmah , Ratnawati Nurul 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of this research is to produce Social Studies Learning Evaluation Media “MAPS”. This media is designed with a web browser-based learning game for junior high school students, testing their feasibility and practicality. This study adopts seven stages of research and development by Borg and Gall: (1) Analysis of potentials and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) design validation, (5) design revisions, (6) product trials, (7) final product revisions. The subjects of this study are social studies teacher and 31 students VII.6 students of State Junior High School 23 Malang with data collection instruments in the form of questionnaires. The feasibility test results that have been conducted, show an average score of 3.71 for material validation, 3.5 for validation of IPS learning evaluation, and 3.87 for media validation. Based on the average value, social studies learning evaluation media "MAPS" is declared "Very Feasible" to use. The media practicality test was conducted based on the response of the test subject. Practicality test results showed a percentage of 97.5% for teacher response results and 87.66% for student response results. Based on the percentage of user response, social studies learning evaluation media "MAPS" can be declared "Very Practical" to use.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah di SMK Negeri 2 Sampit, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur
Authors: Amalia Riza , Rahmawati Novianti 
Published: August 2022

In Indonesia, the Covid-19 pandemic has transformed the learning process. Learning, which is generally performed offline (conventionally), must now be conducted online. This is performed to slow the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Sampit Vocational High School, one of the education providers in East Kotawaringin Regency, also offers online learning. The goal of this study was to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of online learning in history subjects at SMKN 2 Sampit. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Purposive sampling was used. There are a total of 12 subjects represented in the samples. In this study, data was gathered through an online survey created with Google Forms, as well as direct and online interviews conducted with the Zoom Cloud Meeting application. The Miles and Huberman model is used in the data analysis technique. The study's conclusion is that the implementation of online learning in history subjects is declared effective, and it is described in three aspects: (1) aspects of the facilities and infrastructure owned by teachers for online learning, (2) aspects of student and teacher responses regarding the effectiveness of online learning in history subjects, and (3) aspects of student and teacher responses regarding the effectiveness of online learning in history subjects. (3) The final aspect is the use of online learning for history subjects to break the Covid-19 chain.
PROFIL KECERDASAN MUSIKAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Kristiana Lilin , Wahyuningsih Siti , Pudyaningtyas Adriani Rahma 
Published: August 2022

<p>Kecerdasan musikal merupakan kemampuan yang dimiliki seseorang untuk mengapresiasi bentuk musikal berkaitan dengan nada, irama, dan melodi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kecerdasan musikal anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Gugus Cut Mutia Kecamatan Jenawi Karanganyar tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode survei. Penelitian menggunakan sampel 96 anak usia 5-6 tahun Se Gugus Cut Mutia Jenawi Karanganyar. Teknik pengambilan data melalui Lembar observasi dan wawancara yang merujuk pada 4 indikator (1) mengerti nada dasar, (2) menyesuaikan tempo, (3) Mengikuti irama lagu, dan (4) memainkan melodi lagu. Hasil survei menunjukkan kecerdasan musikal anak usia 5-6 tahun TK Gugus Cut Mutia Jenawi yaitu 1 anak (1,1%) mulai berkembang, yakni anak dapat membedakan 4 nada dasar, menyesuikan tempo lagu cepat dan sedang, menyanyikan dengan birama 4/4 dan ¾ dan dapat memainkan melodi ½ lagu. 61 anak (63,5%) berkembang sesuai harapan, yaitu anak dapat membedakan 7 nada dasar, menyesuiakan tempo lambat, sedang, dan cepat, bernyanyi dengan birama 4/4,3/4, dan 2/4, dan dapat memainkan melodi 1 lagu. 34 anak (35,4%) berkembang sangat baik yaitu anak dapat membedakan 7 nada dasar dan menyebutkan namanya, menyesuiakan tempo lagu lambat, sedang, dan cepat sambil menghayati makna lagu, bernyanyi dengan birama 4/4,3/4, 2/4 sambil mengerakkan anggota tubuh sesuai ketukan, serta dapat memainkan melodi 1 lagu sambil bernyanyi. Hasil capaian ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor minat, bakat, pengalaman musikal, fisik, dan lingkungan. </p>
The nurse: relationship between leadership style, values and Quality of Work Life
Authors: Rached Chennyfer Dobbins Abi , Sousa Gabriella de Castro , Borges Flávio Adriano , Carloni Pablo Ramon Rodrigues Freitas Ramos , Domercant Herline , Siqueira Bianca Batista 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To analyse the relationship between leadership styles, personal values ​​of nursing leaders and the Quality of Work Life of nurses who attend the Graduate Program in Nursing Management (PPGEn). Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the standardized instrument Quality of Working Life Questionnaire (QWLQ-bref), and an exploratory-descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Of the 123 nurses interviewed, 64.22% rated the Quality of Work Life as satisfactory and 31.7% as very satisfactory. Through these data, the relationship between the task leadership style and professional satisfaction in the nurse's quality of life was perceived. Conclusion: The results do not point to a relationship between the managerial style of the nurse leader and the perception of Quality of Work Life. However, it is noteworthy that the Quality of Work Life describes values ​​that go beyond the human.
Examining the role of biomass energy for sustainable environment in African countries
Authors: Raji Jimoh Olajide , Adeel-Farooq Rana Muhammad , Qamri Ghulam Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose-
This paper investigates the influences of biomass energy use, fossil fuel, income, trade openness, and population growth on carbon dioxide (C02) emission in African countries over the 1980–2014 period.
Design/methodology/approach-
The study employs pool mean group (PMG), mean group (MG), and dynamic fixed effect (DFE) estimators that resolve the issue of heterogeneity bias. In addition, it employs weighted fully modified ordinary least squares, and weighted dynamic ordinary least squares to validate the robustness of PMG, MG, and DFE estimates.
Findings-
The results from each of these estimators complement one another and both suggest that the relation of fossil fuel use and population growth with CO2 emission is positively significant. Conversely, we find that trade openness and biomass energy use exert significant negative impact on carbon emission. Additionally, the dampening effect of biomass energy utilization on CO2 emission helps to validate Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for those countries.
Originality/value-
The role of biomass in determining environmental quality has been investigated by studies for a few developed economies and developing countries without reaching consensus in terms of their findings. As indicated by the literature, such study is wanting in African countries, and this motivates the present study. More so, with focus on the role of biomass in CO2 emission, this study first considers sixteen countries from all the regions on the African continent. The findings of this study will assist policy makers in making useful environmental and sustainable energy policy that can be embraced as regional policy.
Vibrational resonance in 100-kyr glacial cycles
Authors: Mitsui Takahito , Willeit Matteo , Boers Niklas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During the last one million years, ice ages occurred with a dominant periodicity of 100 kyr (1 kyr = 1,000 years), while the solar radiation variability resulting from astronomical forcing is concentrated at higher frequencies and shows negligibly small power around this time scale. Although many promising frameworks have been introduced to solve this 100-kyr problem, a comprehensive theory of glacial cycles remains elusive. Here we show, using an Earth System Model of intermediate complexity, that the 100-kyr glacial cycles can be explained via a phenomenon called vibrational resonance. We demonstrate that the Earth system's response to the climatic precession, whose amplitude is modulated by the eccentricity with 100-kyr and 400-kyr periodicities, is amplified at the 100-kyr time scale and suppressed at the 400-kyr time scale with the help of the 41-kyr obliquity forcing. Our results also suggest that the present interglacial would not have appeared without the vibrational resonance discovered here.
A good use of time? Providing evidence for how effort is invested in primary and secondary outcome data collection in trials
Authors: Gardner Heidi , Elfeky Adel , Pickles David , Dawson Annabel , Gillies Katie , Warwick Violet , Treweek Shaun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundData collection is a substantial part of trial workload for participants and staff alike. How these hours of work are spent is important because stakeholders are more interested in some outcomes than others. The ORINOCO study compared the time spent collecting primary outcome data to the time spent collecting secondary outcome data in a cohort of trials.MethodsWe searched PubMed for phase III trials indexed between 2015 and 2019. From these, we randomly selected 120 trials evaluating a therapeutic intervention plus an additional random selection of 20 trials evaluating a public health intervention. We also added eligible trials from a cohort of 189 trials in rheumatology that had used the same core outcome set.We then obtained the time taken to collect primary and secondary outcomes in each trial. We used a hierarchy of methods that included data in trial reports, contacting the trial team, and approaching individuals with experience of using the identified outcome measures. We calculated the primary:secondary data collection time ratio and notional data collection cost for each included trial.ResultsWe included 161 trials (120 Phase III; 21 Core outcome set; 20 Public health), which together collected 230 primary and 688 secondary outcomes. Full primary and secondary timing data were obtained for 134 trials. The median time spent on primaries was 56 hours (range 0.0 – 10,747) and the median time spent on secondaries was 191 hours (range 0.0 – 1,356,833). The median primary:secondary data collection time ratio was 1:3.0 (i.e. for every minute spent on primary outcomes, 3.0 were spent on secondaries. The ratio varied by trial type: Phase III trials were 1: 3.1, Core outcome set 1:3.4 and Public health trials 1:2.2. The median notional overall data collection cost was £8,016 (range £53 – £31,899,141).ConclusionsDepending on trial type, between two and three times as much time is spent collecting secondary outcome data than collecting primary outcome data. Trial teams should explicitly consider how long it will take to collect the data for an outcome and decide whether that time is worth it given importance of the outcome to the trial.
Breast cancer cell-derived EVs promote HUVECs proliferation and migration by regulting JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Sun Lingxian , Zhang Jun , Chen Yufei , Li Tao , Yu Qiwen , Sun Xiaochun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of breast cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the biological characteristics of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell-derived EVs were extracted to treat HUVECs with different concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 40 μg/mL) respectively for different times. The proliferation was detected by MTT assay and plate clone formation assay. Transwell assay was used to detect the migration and invasion，scratch wound assay was used to detect the migration and Western blotting was to detect related protein expression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Results: Compared with 0μg/mL MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell-derived EVs, the specific concentration (10, 20 and 40 μg/mL ) of breast cancer cell-derived EVs improved the proliferation, plate cloning and migration of HUVECs significantly (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in total JAK2 and STAT3 protein expression (P<0.05), while the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein increased significantly (P<0.05).Conclusion: Breast cancer cell-derived EVs might promote the proliferation and migration of HUVECs by regulating the phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Suspended matter and heavy metals (Cu and Zn) removal from water by coagulation/flocculation process using a new Bio-flocculant: Lepidium sativum
Authors: Skotta Asmae , Aaziz Jmiai , Elhayaoui Widad , El-Asri Abdallah , Tamimi Malika , Assabbane Ali , Issami Souad El 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work we used a new organic bio flocculant (BF), which we extracted from natural seeds of Lepidium Sativum (LS). This extract is known for it’s performance in various fields such as cosmetology, pharmacology and food products. Moreover, it does not present any danger to human health. The main purpose of our study is the exploitation of a new natural supports, as bio polymers in the treatment of water loaded with marl limestone suspended solids (SS) and trace elements, including Copper and zinc. We studied the effectiveness of this extract in comparison with other products usually used in the treatment and depollution of water; the preliminary tests were carried out on pseudo samples prepared at the laboratory level. The comparative study with a synthetic flocculant (Anionic polyacrylamide: APA), usually used in water treatment, provided a good competitiveness with an important flocculation power. The combination of the two steps of neutralization and coagulation by aluminum sulfate (AS), followed by a flocculation step by the new flocculant (LS), then a natural decantation, gave significant results, in the abatement of Cu2+, Zn2+ and (SS). For the solution rich in marl limestone, the turbidity passes from an average of 600 NTU to values close to 1 NTU. The sludge thus produced after treatment is submitted to an analysis by (SEM) and (XRD) and the retained chemical elements are detected. The study generally enters as a sustainable development strategy capable of improving long-term global water security and protecting the environment from synthetic products used excessively in water treatment.