bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of GGBFS-Based Pervious Concrete Considering Rheological Properties of the Binder
Authors: Oinam Yanchen , Ju Suhawn , Gwon Seongwoo , Shin Myoungsu , Pyo Sukhoon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo mitigate environmental challenges, such as urban flooding, noise pollution, and the urban heat island effect, pervious concrete has been developed. This research was intended to develop pervious concrete made from ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) to further decrease the environmental impact of the construction sector by reducing the content of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The primary objective of the mix proportion was to maximize water permeability while meeting the required compressive strength. Two levels (60 and 100%) of OPC replacement by GGBFS were evaluated and compared to OPC-only concrete, and two target porosities (10 and 15%) were achieved by modifying the binder-to-aggregate ratio. CaO and CaCl2 were utilized as an activator and an accelerator, respectively, for the GGBFS only binder. Characteristics of the pervious concrete were determined with the compressive strength, porosity and water permeability test. Meanwhile, the effects of the rheological properties of binders on the water permeability and compressive strength of pervious concretes was evaluated. According to the results, the permeability of pervious concretes always exhibited a positive correlation with porosity, regardless of binder type. Although, the pervious concrete made with CaO-activated GGBFS has a lower compressive strength than the other two cases (60% GGBFS and only OPC), it still meets the minimum strength requirement. Based on the rheology studies of binder, it was found that, the adhesion force of the binder and the compressive strength of the pervious concrete decreases, as evaluated by rheology studies on binders. The CT scan revealed that when the adhesive force of the binder was weaker, the local porosity was higher (i.e., pore volume was larger) at the bottom of the specimen, which might be due to the limited consolidation and compaction of the binder between aggregate particles at the bottom due to its higher plastic viscosity.
Revisiting the multidimensional interaction model of stress, anxiety and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
Authors: Rogowska Aleksandra M. , Ochnik Dominika , Kuśnierz Cezary 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the Multidimensional Interaction Model of Stress, Anxiety and Coping (MIMSAC) has been known for years, there is a lack of research examining this theory longitudinally in stressful events. This study aims to revisit the MIMSAC among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A prospective cohort study with the longitudinal design was performed during the first (W1, March 30–April 29, 2020) and second wave (W2, November 3–December 3, 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 216 university students with a mean age of 22 years (ranging from 20 to 36, M = 22.13, SD = 2.04) participated in the study. An online survey included Perceived Stress Scale, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Results
Due to the MIMSAC, all variables changed substantially across W1 and W2, adapting to an unpredictable environment. Women scored higher than men in stress, anxiety, emotion- and avoidance-oriented coping styles. We found the indirect effect of emotion-oriented coping on the stress-anxiety relationship and task-oriented coping on the anxiety-stress interaction. Avoidance was not found as a mediator in the stress-anxiety interaction.

Conclusion
Emotion-oriented coping adversely affected mental health, increasing anxiety in response to stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Task-oriented coping efficiently decreased stress in reaction to high anxiety, but only in men. Avoidance seems to be an ineffective coping style during the COVID-19 pandemic. Campus intervention programs should focus on reducing negative emotions and increasing the frequency of task-oriented coping strategies among university students.
The flipped house and the bubble. Domestic space in the time of coronavirus
Authors: Spanedda Francesco , Fusaro Matteo Carmine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic put the spatial layouts of contemporary housing to the test. During the strict lockdowns in the early phases of the outbreak and the limited, temporary restrictions of the later phases, the safeguarding of public health was inevitably enforced by confining people at home, thus severing, by reasons of force majeure, the traditional relationship between the house and the city. As a result, every household had to contain within itself all aspects of public and private life, regardless of the spatial qualities and the extension of the dwelling. The unexpected new role of the last defence line against the virus showed all the advantages and limits of contemporary housing and the need for a rethinking of some of their typical features. The aim of this article is to investigate how the residential space, as a whole and in its constituent parts, has become a fundamental element in a difficult period, managing to incorporate unexpected functions and requirements but also revealing a series of congenital weaknesses.
Linking migration and microbiota at a major stopover site in a long-distance avian migrant
Authors: Thie Nikki , Corl Ammon , Turjeman Sondra , Efrat Ron , Kamath Pauline L. , Getz Wayne M. , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Nathan Ran 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMigration is one of the most physical and energetically demanding periods in an individual bird’s life. The composition of the bird’s gut or cloacal microbiota can temporarily change during migration, likely due to differences in diets, habitats and other environmental conditions experienced en route. However, how physiological condition, migratory patterns, and other drivers interact to affect microbiota composition of migratory birds is still unclear. We sampled the cloacal bacterial microbiota of a long-distance migrant, the steppe buzzard (Buteo buteo vulpinus), at an important spring stopover bottleneck in Eilat, Israel, after crossing the ca. 1800 km Sahara Desert. We examined whether diversity and composition of the cloacal microbiota varied with body condition, sex, movement patterns (i.e., arrival time and migration distance), and survival. Early arrival to Eilat was associated with better body condition, longer post-Eilat spring migration distance, higher microbial α-diversity, and differences in microbiota composition. Specifically, early arrivals had higher abundance of the phylum Synergistota and five genera, including Jonquetella and Peptococcus, whereas the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Escherichia-Shigella (as well as three other genera) were more abundant in later arrivals. While the differences in α-diversity and Escherichia-Shigella seem to be mainly driven by body condition, other compositional differences associated with arrival date could be indicators of longer migratory journeys (e.g., pre-fueling at wintering grounds or stopover habitats along the way) or migratory performance. No significant differences were found between the microbiota of surviving and non-surviving individuals. Overall, our results indicate that variation in steppe buzzard microbiota is linked to variation in migratory patterns (i.e., capture/arrival date) and body condition, highlighting the importance of sampling the microbiota of GPS-tracked individuals on multiple occasions along their migration routes to gain a more detailed understanding of the links between migration, microbiota, and health in birds.
Predictability of lower incisor tip using clear aligner therapy
Authors: Smith Julia Meri , Weir Tony , Kaang Austin , Farella Mauro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Uprighting incisors is particularly important with clear aligner therapy as incisor tip determines the mesio-distal space needed in the arch, and consequently the fit of the aligner. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of ClinCheck® software to predict lower incisor tip by comparing digitally prescribed movements with actual clinical outcomes and to determine whether the presence of a vertically orientated rectangular composite attachment influences the efficacy of incisor tip.

Methodology
This retrospective study included 66 lower incisors from 42 non-extraction adult patients treated using the Invisalign® appliance. Twenty-one incisors had vertical attachments, while 45 incisors did not have any attachments. Lower incisor tip was measured at T0 (pre-treatment), T1 (predicted post-treatment) and T2 (achieved post-treatment) on digital models using metrology software. The change in position from T0 to T1 and T0 to T2 was measured from the estimated centre of resistance (CRes) of each tooth. The estimated centre of rotation was plotted relative to the CRes to describe the type of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) predicted and achieved.

Results
Predicted incisor tip and achieved incisor tip were positively correlated (R2 = 0.55; p < 0.001). For every degree of tip planned 0.4 degrees of tip was achieved. The presence of an attachment resulted in 1.2 degrees greater tip (F = 3.7; p = 0.062) and 0.5 mm greater movement of the predicted apex of the tooth (F = 4.3; p = 0.042) compared with the no attachment group. The type of OTM achieved differed from the type predicted. Sixty-seven percent of incisors investigated were predicted to move by root movement, while 46% achieved this type of movement.

Conclusions
The amount of lower incisor tip achieved was on average substantially less than the ClinCheck® displayed. Vertically orientated rectangular attachments are recommended where large root movement is planned, and their presence slightly improves apex movement.
Pharmaceutical marketing: the example of drug samples
Authors: Alagha Emily Couvillon , Fugh-Berman Adriane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBranded drug samples are one of the most important promotional tools that pharmaceutical manufactures employ. Pharmaceutical sales representatives (“drug reps”) use samples to gain access to physicians and other prescribers. Sample provision is closely intertwined with visits by drug reps; detailing visits convince physicians to try new products, while sampling maintains the flow of prescriptions. Only drugs with the highest profit margins are sampled. Although physicians believe that samples save patients money, patients who receive samples have higher overall out-of-pocket costs. Most studies have found that patients in financial need are least likely to receive samples. Pharmaceutical marketers pitch samples as a low-risk way to deal with diagnostic uncertainty. In fact, there is no evidence that samples aid diagnosis. Sample availability may compromise patient safety by reducing compliance with guidelines and steering patients towards newer drugs, for which adverse effects have not been well-delineated. Although physicians believe that samples improve adherence for low-income patients, branded samples do not improve access or adherence Samples are not a charitable activity, but are instead a highly effective form of drug marketing. Sampling of branded drugs increase drug costs for everyone. Only a cohesive effort by clinicians, legislators and policymakers can end this practice. Evidence supports a ban on sample distribution of branded products.
Sporadic E layer characteristics at equatorial latitudes as observed by GNSS radio occultation measurements
Authors: Arras Christina , Resende Laysa Cristina Araújo , Kepkar Ankur , Senevirathna Gethmini , Wickert Jens 
Published: November 2022

AbstractScintillations in the signal-to-noise (SNR) profiles of GNSS radio occultation (RO) measurements at lower ionospheric altitudes are caused by compact layers of high ionization also known as sporadic E (Es) layers. It is widely accepted that Es layers are formed by the wind shear mechanism at northern and southern midlatitudes. However, approaching the equatorial regions, electric fields also control the formation and dispersal of these layers. In this paper we concentrate, in particular, on the occurrence rate and on the altitudes of Es layers appearing in a narrow band along the Earth’s magnetic equator. We analyzed several million of RO profiles concerning sporadic E occurrence as well as altitude and observed a high daily, seasonal and longitudinal variability which is controlled partly by zonal winds and electric fields. Especially Es layers at higher altitudes show a clear anticorrelation with the zonal electric field intensity measured by the Swarm satellites. Further, we solve the existing contradiction of Es layer signatures being present in equatorial ionosonde measurements while they are only rarely seen in RO recordings.
Graphical Abstract
Attenuation correction for PET/MRI to measure tracer activity surrounding total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Bourdon Caleigh E. , Koudys Zachary J. , Lanting Brent A. , Appleton C. Thomas , Thiessen Jonathan D. , Teeter Matthew G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could allow inflammatory complications near total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to be studied early in their development. However, attenuation of the PET signal by the metal TKA implants imparts substantial error into measurements of tracer activity, and conventional MR-based attenuation correction (AC) methods have large signal voids in the vicinity of metal implants.

Purpose
To evaluate a segmentation-based AC approach to measure tracer uptake from PET/MRI scans near TKA implants.

Methods
A TKA implant (Triathlon, Stryker, Mahwah, USA) was implanted into a cadaver. Four vials were filled with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose with known activity concentration (4.68 MBq total, 0.76 MBq/mL) and inserted into the knee. Images of the knee were acquired using a 3T PET/MRI system (Biograph mMR, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Models of the implant components were registered to the MR data using rigid-body transformations and the other tissue classes were manually segmented. These segments were used to create the segmentation-based map and complete the AC. Percentage error of the resulting measured activities was calculated by comparing the measured and known amounts of activity in each vial.

Results
The original AC resulted in a percentage error of 64.1% from the known total activity. Errors in the individual vial activities ranged from 40.2 to 82.7%. Using the new segmentation-based AC, the percentage error of the total activity decreased to 3.55%. Errors in the individual vials were less than 15%.

Conclusions
The segmentation-based AC technique dramatically reduced the error in activity measurements that result from PET signal attenuation by the metal TKA implant. This approach may be useful to enhance the reliability of PET/MRI measurements for numerous applications.
In Multiple Myeloma, High-Risk Secondary Genetic Events Observed at Relapse Are Present From Diagnosis in Tiny, Undetectable Subclonal Populations
Authors: Lannes Romain , Samur Mehmet , Perrot Aurore , Mazzotti Celine , Divoux Marion , Cazaubiel Titouan , Leleu Xavier , Schavgoulidze Anaïs , Chretien Marie-Lorraine , Manier Salomon , Adiko Didier , Orsini-Piocelle Frederique , Lifermann François , Brechignac Sabine , Gastaud Lauris , Bouscary Didier , Macro Margaret , Cleynen Alice , Mohty Mohamad , Munshi Nikhil , Corre Jill , Avet-Loiseau Hervé 
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by copy number abnormalities (CNAs), some of which influence patient outcomes and are sometimes observed only at relapse(s), suggesting their acquisition during tumor evolution. However, the presence of micro-subclones may be missed in bulk analyses. Here, we use single-cell genomics to determine how often these high-risk events are missed at diagnosis and selected at relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 81 patients with plasma cell dyscrasias using single-cell CNA sequencing. Sixty-six patients were selected at diagnosis, nine at first relapse, and six in presymptomatic stages. A total of 956 newly diagnosed patients with MM and patients with first relapse MM have been identified retrospectively with required cytogenetic data to evaluate enrichment of CNA risk events and survival impact. RESULTS A total of 52,176 MM cells were analyzed. Seventy-four patients (91%) had 2-16 subclones. Among these patients, 28.7% had a subclone with high-risk features (del(17p), del(1p32), and 1q gain) at diagnosis. In a patient with a subclonal 1q gain at diagnosis, we analyzed the diagnosis, postinduction, and first relapse samples, which showed a rise of the high-risk 1q gain subclone (16%, 70%, and 92%, respectively). In our clinical database, we found that the 1q gain frequency increased from 30.2% at diagnosis to 43.6% at relapse (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.58 to 2.00). We subsequently performed survival analyses, which showed that the progression-free and overall survival curves were superimposable between patients who had the 1q gain from diagnosis and those who seemingly acquired it at relapse. This strongly suggests that many patients had 1q gains at diagnosis in microclones that were missed by bulk analyses. CONCLUSION These data suggest that identifying these scarce aggressive cells may necessitate more aggressive treatment as early as diagnosis to prevent them from becoming the dominant clone.
Gauge theory applied to magnetic lattices
Authors: Di Pietro A. , Ansalone P. , Basso V. , Magni A. , Durin G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The generalizations of micromagnetic exchange including higher order interactions are normally performed phenomenologically. In this paper we combine graph and gauge field theory to provide a new procedure to perform the continuum limit of the Heisenberg model. Our approach allows to simultaneously account for the symmetries of the crystal, the effect of spin-orbit coupling and their interplay. We obtain a micromagnetic theory accounting for the crystal symmetry constraints at all orders in exchange. The form of the micromagnetic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in all 32 point groups is calculated at the first order.
Predictors of Prescriber Preference for Expensive Insulins: A Single Institution Survey
Authors: Panjikaran Lloyd Devassy , Shee Vikram , Washington Terri 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The average cost of insulin has increased greatly recently, partly due to prescription of newer expensive insulins. This has caused insulin underuse among economically vulnerable uninsured patients. Herein, predictors of preference for expensive (higher retail price) insulins among primary care physicians are investigated.

Methods
Internal medicine and family medicine attending physicians and residents at West Suburban Medical Center (Oak Park, Illinois, USA) participated in a web-based survey (Qualtrics Survey Platform) via email between October 20, 2020, and November 10, 2020. Baseline characteristics, prescribing preferences (Insulins Ranks, lower rank indicates higher preference), factors determining insulin choice, pricing knowledge, dosing knowledge, and training were recorded. Insulins were classified as “Inexpensive” (retail price ≤ median insulin price) or “Expensive.” The mean rank of expensive and inexpensive insulins prescribed were calculated. Participants were divided into either the “Inexpensive Prescription Preferences” (IPP; mean rank of Inexpensive insulins ≤ mean rank of Expensive insulins) or “Expensive Prescription Preferences” (EPP) groups. Groups were compared. Multivariable logistic regression assessed predictors of IPP.

Results
The response rate was 78% (72/92). Among the 70 participants included, EPP (n = 43) and IPP participants (IPP, n = 27) had similar baseline characteristics (Physician Role, Specialty, and Practice Type), except EPP physicians graduated earlier (P = 0.011). EPP participants reported prescribing insulin glargine more often (P = 0.018) and also ranked it higher (P &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression identified that previous Endocrine rotations (P = 0.031) and senior Physician Role (P = 0.001) predicted EPP.

Conclusion
Previous endocrinology rotations, and senior role predict prescription of insulins with a high retail price. Speculatively, training physicians in cheaper prescription practices may lower costs. Further studies are required to generalize these results.
The Effect of Night Float Rotation on Resident Sleep, Activity, and Well-Being
Authors: Ruan Alexandra , Klein Alexandra , Jhita Preya , Hasan-Hill Natalya , Shafer Steven L. , Flood Pamela D. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Night float call systems are becoming increasingly common at training programs with the goal of reducing fatigue related to sleep deprivation and sleep disturbance. Previous studies have shown that trainees obtain less sleep during the night float rotation and have decreased sleep efficiency for several days after the rotation. The impact on physical and emotional well-being has not been documented.

Methods:
Twenty-seven anesthesia residents were enrolled in a study using wearable sleep and activity trackers and National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (NIH PROMIS) surveys for sleep disturbance, fatigue, and positive affect to record data the week before (“baseline”), during (“night float”), and 1 week after (“recovery”) their night float rotation. Each subject’s data during the night float week and recovery week were compared to his or her own baseline week data using a paired, nonparametric analysis. The primary outcome variable was the change in average daily sleep hours during the night float week compared to the baseline week. Average daily rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, daily steps, and NIH PROMIS scores comparing night float and recovery weeks to baseline week were prespecified secondary outcomes. NIH PROMIS scores range from 0 to 100 with 50 as the national mean and more of the construct having a higher score.

Results:
There was no difference in average daily sleep hours between the night float and the baseline weeks (6.7 [5.9–7.8] vs 6.7 [5.5–7.7] hours, median [interquartile range]; P = .20). Residents had less REM sleep during the night float compared to the baseline weeks (1.1 [0.7–1.5] vs 1.4 [1.1–1.9] hours, P = .002). NIH PROMIS fatigue scores were higher during the night float than the baseline week (58.8 [54.6–65.1] vs 48.6 [46.0–55.1], P = .0004) and did not return to baseline during the recovery week (51.0 [48.6–58.8], P = .029 compared to baseline). Sleep disturbance was not different among the weeks. Positive affect was reduced after night float compared to baseline (39.6 [35.0–43.5] vs 44.8 [40.1–49.6], P = .0009), but returned to baseline during the recovery week (43.6 [39.6–48.2], P = .38).

Conclusions:
The residents slept the same number of total hours during their night float week but had less REM sleep, were more fatigued, and had less positive affect. All of these resolved to baseline except fatigue, that was still greater than the baseline week. This methodology appears to robustly capture psychophysiological data that might be useful for quality initiatives.