bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign and Dangerous? Unpacking the Role of Judges and Prosecutors in Sentencing Disparities in Spain
Authors: Kemp Steven , Varona Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Given the salience of the principle of equality before the law, there is growing interest in understanding the relationship between immigration and sentencing disparities; however, research remains relatively scarce in Europe. This article examines, firstly, whether non-citizens receive harsher punishment outcomes in Spain and, secondly, the role of several decisions made by judges and prosecutors in producing punishment inequalities. The results show that foreigners are more likely to be imprisoned and that this is related to disparities in prosecutorial recommendations, plea bargaining and the suspension of prison sentences. However, we find mixed evidence of discriminatory practices in the imposition of prison sentences and no evidence with regard to sentence length. The findings are discussed in relation to theoretical debates and practical implications regarding immigration and criminal justice.
Quinolone Ear Drops and Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Tran Phuong T , Antonelli Patrick J , Winterstein Almut G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Delayed eardrum healing has been observed in the ear opposite to the ear treated with otic quinolones (OQ) in rats. Case reports describe tendinopathies after OQ treatment, suggesting adverse systemic effects.

Methods
We studied patients aged 19 to 64 years with diagnosis of otitis externa or media in private insurance between 2005 and 2015. We compared OQ treatment against otic neomycin, oral amoxicillin, or azithromycin. Outcomes included Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), Achilles tendinitis (AT), and all-type tendon rupture (ATTR). We applied an active comparator, new-user design with 1-year look-back and ceased follow-up at initiation of systemic steroids or oral quinolones, external injury, hospitalization, and after 35 days. We used trimmed stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights to balance comparison groups in a survival framework. Negative outcomes (clavicle fractures or sports injuries) were examined to rule out differences from varied physical activity (unmeasured confounding).

Results
We examined 1 501 009 treated otitis episodes. Hazard ratios (HR) for OQ exposure associated with ATR were 4.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83–11.02), AT 1.04 (95% CI, 0.73–1.50), and ATTR 1.71 (95% CI, 1.21–2.41). Weighted risk differences (RD) per 100 000 episodes for OQ exposure were ATR 7.80 (95% CI, 0.72–14.89), AT 1.01 (95% CI, −12.80 to 14.81), and ATTR 18.57 (95% CI, 3.60–33.53). Corresponding HRs for clavicle fractures and sports injuries were HR,1.71 (95% CI, 0.55–5.27) and HR,1.45 (95% CI, 0.64–3.30), suggesting limited residual confounding.

Conclusions
OQ exposure may lead to systemic consequences. Clinicians should consider this potential risk and counsel patients accordingly. Risk factors and mechanisms for this rare, adverse effect deserve further evaluation. Mechanistic and other clinical studies are warranted to corroborate this finding.
Post-Ebola Symptoms 7 Years After Infection: The Natural History of Long Ebola
Authors: Wohl David Alain , Fischer William A , Mei Wenwen , Zou Fei , Tozay Samuel , Reeves Edwin , Pewu Korto , Demarco Jean , Schieffelin John , Johnson Henrietta , Conneh Tonia , Williams Gerald , McMillian Darrius , Brown Jerry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Lingering symptoms have been reported by survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). There are few data describing the persistence and severity of these symptoms over time.

Methods
Symptoms of headache, fatigue, joint pain, muscle pain, hearing loss, visual loss, numbness of hands or feet were longitudinally assessed among participants in the Liberian Ebola Survivors Cohort study. Generalized linear mixed effects models, adjusted for sex and age, were used to calculate the odds of reporting a symptom and it being rated as highly interfering with life.

Results
From June 2015 to June 2016, 326 survivors were enrolled a median of 389 days (range 51–614) from acute EVD. At baseline 75.2% reported at least 1 symptom; 85.8% were highly interfering with life. Over a median follow-up of 5.9 years, reporting of any symptom declined (odds ratio for each 90 days of follow-up = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .95, .97; P &lt; .0001) with all symptoms declining except for numbness of hands or feet. Rating of any symptom as highly interfering decreased over time. Among 311 with 5 years of follow-up, 52% (n = 161) reported a symptom and 29% (n = 47) of these as highly interfering with their lives.

Conclusions
Major post-EVD symptoms are common early during convalescence and decline over time along with severity. However, even 5 years after acute infection, a majority continue to have symptoms and, for many, these continue to greatly impact their lives. These findings call for investigations to identify the mechanisms of post-EVD sequelae and therapeutic interventions to benefit the thousands of effected EVD survivors.
Mpox Presenting as Proctitis in Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Yakubovsky Michal , Shasha David , Reich Shelley , Tau Luba , Friedel Nadav , Halutz Ora , Dekel Michal , Meijer Suzy , Ben-Ami Ronen , Paran Yael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In our cohort of 70 patients of men who have sex with men (MSM) with mpox, more than one-third presented with proctitis. In two-thirds of proctitis patients, there was no typical rash upon presentation, and in one-fifth, there was no rash at all, making the diagnosis a challenge. A rectal swab for mpox polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be diagnostic.
Capture heats up sharks
Authors: Harding Lucy , Gallagher Austin , Jackson Andrew , Bortoluzzi Jenny , Dolton Haley R , Shea Brendan , Harman Luke , Edwards David , Payne Nicholas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Catch-and-release fishing is an important component of ecotourism industries and scientific research worldwide, but its total impact on animal physiology, health and survival is understudied for many species of fishes, particularly sharks. We combined biologging and blood chemistry to explore how this fisheries interaction influenced the physiology of two widely distributed, highly migratory shark species: the blue shark (Prionace glauca) and the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Nineteen sharks were caught by drum line or rod-and-reel angling; subcutaneous body temperature measurements were taken immediately upon capture, with six individuals also providing subsequent subcutaneous body temperature measurements via biologging as they swam freely for several hours post-release. We found that short-term capture caused shark body temperature to increase significantly and rapidly, with increases of 0.6°C–2.7°C for blue sharks (mean, 1.2 ± 0.6°C) and 0.5°C–0.9°C for tiger sharks (mean, 0.7 ± 0.2°C) and with capture-induced heating rates of blue sharks averaging 0.3°C min−1 but as high as 0.8°C min−1. Blue shark body temperature was even higher deeper into the white muscle. These heating rates were three to eight times faster than maximum rates encountered by our biologging sharks swimming through thermally stratified waters and faster than most acute heating experiments conducted with ectotherms in laboratory experiments. Biologging data showed that body temperatures underwent gradual decline after release, returning to match water temperatures 10–40 mins post-release. Blood biochemistry showed variable lactate/glucose levels following capture; however, these concentrations were not correlated with the magnitude of body temperature increase, nor with body size or hooking time. These perturbations of the natural state could have immediate and longer-term effects on the welfare and ecology of sharks caught in catch-and-release fisheries and we encourage further study of the broader implications of this reported phenomenon.
Instar Determination for the Tomato Leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Using the Density-Based OPTICS Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Xiao Guanli , Yang Baoyun , Ye Jvhui , Zhang Xu , Zheng Yaqiang , Chen Bin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is one of the most harmful pests of solanaceous crops. Its larval morphological characteristics are similar, making the distinguishing between different larval instars difficult. Accurate identification of T. absoluta instars is necessary either for population outbreak forecasting, or developing successful control programs. Although a clustering algorithm can be used to determine the number of larval instars, little is known regarding the use of density-based ordering points to identify the clustering structure (OPTICS) and determine the number of larvae. In this study, larval instars of 240 T. absoluta individuals were determined by the density-based OPTICS clustering method, based on mandible width, and head capsule width and length. To verify the feasibility of the OPTICS clustering method, we compared it with the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithm, Gaussian mixture models, and k-means. Additionally, the instars determined by the clustering methods were verified using the Brooks–Dyar rule, Crosby rule, and linear regression model. The instars determined by the OPTICS clustering method were equal to those determined by the other types of clustering algorithms, and the instar results were consistent with the Brooks–Dyar rule, Crosby rule, frequency analysis, and logarithmic regression model. These results indicated that the OPTICS clustering method is robust for determining insect larva instar phase. Moreover, it was found that three morphological indices of T. absoluta can be used for determining instars of this pest in the field, which may provide important information for the management of T. absoluta populations.
Value of 3D echocardiography in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Addetia Karima , Mazzanti Andrea , Maragna Riccardo , Monti Lorenzo , Yamat Megan , Kukavica Deni , Pagan Eleonora , Kishiki Kanako , Prado Aldo , Marino Maira , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Priori Silvia , Lang Roberto M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
The 2010 Task Force Criteria (TFC) require that both right ventricular (RV) regional wall-motion abnormalities (WMA) and specific RV size cut-offs be met in order to fulfil one of the major criterion for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) diagnosis. Currently, 2D echocardiography (2DE) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) are used to determine if these criteria are met. Little is known about the diagnostic value of 3D echocardiography (3DE) in ARVC. The aim of this study was to determine whether a combination of 2DE-3DE is non-inferior to the currently used 2DE-cMRI combination in the diagnosis of patients with ARVC.

Methods and results
Thirty-nine individuals (47±15 years) with suspected ARVC underwent evaluation of the RV with cMRI, 2DE, and 3DE. 3DE and cMRI were independently used to obtain RV volumes, ejection fraction (EF) and determine the presence of segmental RV WMA. Studies were blindly classified as meeting criteria for ARVC in accordance with the 2010 TFC. Kappa statistics were used to test the concordance between 2DE–cMRI and 2DE–3DE approaches. Using the 2DE–cMRI approach, 3/39 were not affected, 5/39 possible, 8/39 borderline, and 23/39 definite ARVC. The proposed 2DE–3DE approach yielded 5/39 not affected, 7/39 possible, 8/39 borderline, and 19/39 definite diagnoses. The two approaches were highly concordant (k = 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.84). Although 3DE underestimated RV volumes in comparison with cMRI, interfering, in some instances with the fulfilment of a major criterion, it was able to identify more RV WMA (28/39) than 2DE (11/39), with a detection-rate comparable to cMRI (33/39) highlighting a unique advantage.

Conclusion
The combination of 2DE–3DE for ARVC diagnosis is comparable to the conventional 2DE–cMRI approach. 3DE should be performed in all suspected ARVC patients to aide in the detection of WMA.
A fractional vertical derivative technique for regional-residual separation
Authors: Florio G , Fedi M , Cella F 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY
The separation of the effects of deep-seated sources of potential fields from those of shallower ones is a frequent requirement when interpreting magnetic or gravity fields. A common procedure is estimating the regional, long wavelength, component of the field by analysing the data over an area larger than that of the local feature of interest. The local components are found by subtracting the estimated regional from the observed data. These approaches may have difficulties in their application, as the dataset over large areas may not be available and other local anomalies, in the enlarged area, may prevent a reliable estimate of the regional field. We present an alternative and simple approach to the regional-residual separation problem not requiring the analysis over large areas and aiming at estimating the local, rather than the regional, component. Our method exploits the natural enhancement of short wavelengths obtainable by computing vertical derivatives of potential fields. An equivalent layer source is computed from the vertical derivative and is used to estimate the local field. The optimal differentiation order can be determined by inspecting the obtained results. This parameter may assume even fractional values, so that the method results a very versatile tool. The application to a complex synthetic case and two real data examples demonstrates the utility of this approach. In summary, our method has some peculiar characteristics making it an interesting alternative to currently used approaches to regional-residual separation: (i) it is a local method, so it can work well even when processing datasets relative to areas of limited extension; (ii) unlike most current methods, estimating a smooth regional component, our method directly produces an estimate of the local field and (iii) it is highly versatile, as the key parameter, that is the fractional differentiation order, can be finely adjusted up to obtain an optimal local field.
Prdx5 regulates DNA damage response through autophagy-dependent Sirt2-p53 axis
Authors: Agborbesong Ewud , Zhou Julie X , Li Linda X , Harris Peter C , Calvet James P , Li Xiaogang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is an important signaling-transduction network that promotes the repair of DNA lesions which can induce and/or support diseases. However, the mechanisms involved in its regulation are not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that the peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) enzyme, which detoxifies reactive oxygen species, is associated to genomic instability and signal transduction. Its role in the regulation of DDR, however, is not well characterized. In this study, we demonstrate a role of Prdx5 in the regulation of the DDR signaling pathway. Knockdown of Prdx5 resulted in DNA damage manifested by the induction of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1). We show that Prdx5 regulates DDR through (1) polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) mediated phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase to further trigger downstream mediators Chek1 and Chek2; (2) the increase of the acetylation of p53 at lysine 382, stabilizing p53 in the nucleus and enhancing transcription and (3) the induction of autophagy, which regulates the recycling of molecules involved in DDR. We identified Sirt2 as a novel deacetylase of p53 at lysine 382, and Sirt2 regulated the acetylation status of p53 at lysine 382 in a Prdx5-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that exogenous expression of Prdx5 decreased DNA damage and the activation of ATM in Pkd1 mutant renal epithelial cells, suggesting that Prdx5 may play a protective role from DNA damage in cystic renal epithelial cells. This study identified a novel mechanism of Prdx5 in the regulation of DDR through the ATM/p53/Sirt2 signaling cascade.
Deficit of PKHD1L1 in the dentate gyrus increases seizure susceptibility in mice
Authors: Yu Jiangning , Wang Guoxiang , Chen Zhiyun , Wan Li , Zhou Jing , Cai Jingyi , Liu Xu , Wang Yun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder featuring recurrent, unprovoked seizures, which affect more than 65 million people worldwide. Here, we discover that the PKHD1L1, which is encoded by polycystic kidney and hepatic disease1-like 1 (Pkhd1l1), wildly distributes in neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Disruption of PKHD1L1 in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus leads to increased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice. The disturbance of PKHD1L1 leads to the overactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-Calpain pathway, which is accompanied by remarkable degradation of cytoplasmic potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) level together with the impaired expression and function of membrane KCC2. However, the reduction of membrane KCC2 is associated with the damaged inhibitory ability of the vital GABA receptors, which ultimately leads to the significantly increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Our data, thus, indicate for the first time that Pkhd1l1, a newly discovered polycystic kidney disease (PKD) association gene, is required in neurons to maintain neuronal excitability by regulation of KCC2 expression in CNS. A new mechanism of the clinical association between genetic PKD and seizures has been built, which could be a potential therapeutic target for treating PKD-related seizures.
Germline homozygous missense DEPDC5 variants cause severe refractory early-onset epilepsy, macrocephaly and bilateral polymicrogyria
Authors: Ververi Athina , Zagaglia Sara , Menzies Lara , Baptista Julia , Caswell Richard , Baulac Stephanie , Ellard Sian , Lynch Sally ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Jacques Thomas S , Chawla Maninder Singh , Heier Martin , Kulseth Mari Ann , Mero Inger-Lise , Våtevik Anne Katrine , Kraoua Ichraf , Ben Rhouma Hanene , Ben Younes Thouraya , Miladi Zouhour , Ben Youssef Turki Ilhem , Jones Wendy D , Clement Emma , Eltze Christin , Mankad Kshitij , Merve Ashirwad , Parker Jennifer , Hoskins Bethan , Pressler Ronit , Sudhakar Sniya , DeVile Catherine , Homfray Tessa , Kaliakatsos Marios ,   Ponnudas (Prab) Prabhakar, Robinson Robert , Keim Sara Margrete Bøen , Habibi Imen , Reymond Alexandre , Sisodiya Sanjay M , Hurst Jane A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
DEPDC5 (DEP Domain-Containing Protein 5) encodes an inhibitory component of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and is commonly implicated in sporadic and familial focal epilepsies, both non-lesional and in association with focal cortical dysplasia. Germline pathogenic variants are typically heterozygous and inactivating. We describe a novel phenotype caused by germline biallelic missense variants in DEPDC5. Cases were identified clinically. Available records, including magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography, were reviewed. Genetic testing was performed by whole exome and whole-genome sequencing and cascade screening. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on skin biopsy. The phenotype was identified in nine children, eight of which are described in detail herein. Six of the children were of Irish Traveller, two of Tunisian and one of Lebanese origin. The Irish Traveller children shared the same DEPDC5 germline homozygous missense variant (p.Thr337Arg), whereas the Lebanese and Tunisian children shared a different germline homozygous variant (p.Arg806Cys). Consistent phenotypic features included extensive bilateral polymicrogyria, congenital macrocephaly and early-onset refractory epilepsy, in keeping with other mTOR-opathies. Eye and cardiac involvement and severe neutropenia were also observed in one or more patients. Five of the children died in infancy or childhood; the other four are currently aged between 5 months and 6 years. Skin biopsy immunohistochemistry was supportive of hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway. The clinical, histopathological and genetic evidence supports a causal role for the homozygous DEPDC5 variants, expanding our understanding of the biology of this gene.
Boucksom–Zariski and Weyl Chambers on Irreducible Holomorphic Symplectic Manifolds
Authors: Denisi Francesco Antonio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inspired by the work of Bauer, Küronya, and Szemberg, we provide for the big cone of a projective irreducible holomorphic symplectic (IHS) manifold a decomposition into chambers (which we describe in detail), in each of which the support of the negative part of the divisorial Zariski decomposition is constant. We see how the obtained decomposition of the big cone allows to describe the volume function. Moreover, similarly to the case of surfaces, we see that the big cone of a projective IHS manifold admits a decomposition into simple Weyl chambers, which we compare to that induced by the divisorial Zariski decomposition. To conclude, we determine the structure of the pseudo-effective cone.
Potential of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as a dietary protein source for broilers
Authors: Yuan Chaohai , Cai Yafei , Niu Zikang , Hu Lanxin , Kuang Ershuai , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to systematically assess and compare the fluctuations in crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), and mineral content of staged (larva to adult) Drosophila (fruit fly) to that of a market-purchased black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) product. Results suggested that the relative CP content by dry matter ranged from 40.11% to 53.73% during Drosophila development, significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) than the 36.90% in BSFL. The relative CF was higher in BSFL (39.14%) compared to that of Drosophila (27.03–30.10%, P &lt; 0.001). Although both insects contained sufficient levels of minerals to meet the dietary requirements of most animals, Drosophila overall possessed a lower content of iron, sodium, and calcium (P &lt; 0.001) with a higher gross energy than the BSFL (P &lt; 0.01). Comparative studies of amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) profiles were further carried out among Drosophila larva (DL), pupa, and BSFL for their economic effectiveness. The AA spectra of insect larvae generally were similar except that the DL was higher in certain AA such as lysine (P &lt; 0.01), which is an essential AA often critical for chicken growth. In contrast, the BSFL included more essential FA such as linoleic (C18:2, ω-6) and linolenic (C18:3, ω-3) acids (P &lt; 0.01). To follow up, a husbandry trial was performed by allotting 120, 1-d-old, weight-matched, Arbor Acres broilers at random into treatment groups consisting of a low-protein diet background that contained ~20% CP supplemented with 4% BSFL and 4% or 8% DL. The average daily growth (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers, compared to the control low-protein diet, were significantly improved by feeding DL diets (P &lt; 0.01), with better live and carcass weight and higher muscle pH (P &lt; 0.001), which were positively correlated with the inclusion level of DL (P &lt; 0.001). However, no differences between the control and 4% BSFL diet were observed for the performance parameters mentioned above. Moreover, all birds under our experimental setting exhibited a comparable feed conversion ratio (FCR) and were in a healthy status as indicated by the meat traits and hematological indexes within normal physiological ranges. Collectively, the findings in this study provide a theoretical basis for the further exploitation of Drosophila as potential dietary ingredients for feed production in order to meet the food challenge in the future.