bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strontium isotope identification of possible rural immigrants in 17th century mass graves at St. Gertrude Church cemetery in Riga, Latvia
Authors: Petersone‐Gordina Elina , Montgomery Janet , Millard Andrew R. , Nowell Geoff , Peterkin Joanne , Roberts Charlotte A. , Gerhards Guntis , Zelčs Vitālijs 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aims of this study were to explore the origins of 19 children buried in two mass graves and the general cemetery at the post‐medieval St Gertrude Church cemetery in Riga, Latvia, using strontium isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr), and to establish local soil Sr biosphere ranges from faunal samples from two areas of Latvia. The results confirmed the presence of one clear outlier in the population and one child who may have had originated from the region of Vidzeme. The lack of significant differences in 87Sr/86Sr between the other individuals analysed suggested that they were representative of one population. A strong correlation between 87Sr/86Sr ratios and previously obtained mean δ13C and δ15N values in children from mass graves suggested possible short‐term dietary changes with increased proportion of marine resources and food sources subject to sea spray. The study has yielded the first comparative 87Sr/86Sr data from archaeological skeletons in Latvia, which will be essential for future research addressing comparative mobility studies in the region.
Using Japanese big data to investigate novel factors and their high‐risk combinations that affect vancomycin‐induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Imai Shungo , Kadomura Shota , Miyai Takayuki , Kashiwagi Hitoshi , Sato Yuki , Sugawara Mitsuru , Takekuma Yoh 
Published: February 2022

AimsSeveral factors related to vancomycin‐induced nephrotoxicity (VIN) have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we used Japanese big data to investigate novel factors and their high‐risk combinations that influence VIN.MethodsWe employed a large Japanese electronic medical record database and included patients who had been administered intravenous vancomycin between June 2000 and December 2020. VIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dL or 1.5‐fold higher than the baseline. The outcomes were: (1) factors affecting VIN that were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis, and (2) combinations of factors that affect the risk of VIN according to a decision tree analysis, which is a typical machine learning method.ResultsOf the 7306 patients that were enrolled, VIN occurred in 14.2% of them (1035). A multivariate analysis extracted 22 variables as independent factors. Concomitant ramelteon use (odds ratio 0.701, 95% confidence interval 0.512‐0.959), ward pharmacy service (0.741, 0.638‐0.861), duration of VCM < 7 days (0.748, 0.623‐0.899) and trough concentrations 10‐15 mg/L (0.668, 0.556‐0.802) reduce the risk of VIN. Meanwhile, concomitant piperacillin‐tazobactam use (2.056, 1.754‐2.409) and piperacillin use (2.868, 1.298‐6.338) increase the risk. The decision tree analysis showed that a combination of vancomycin trough concentrations ≥20 mg/L and concomitant piperacillin‐tazobactam use was associated with the highest risk.ConclusionsWe revealed that the concomitant ramelteon use and ward pharmacy service may decrease the risk of VIN, while the concomitant use of not only piperacillin‐tazobactam but also piperacillin may increase the risk.
Learning Camera Control in Dynamic Scenes from Limited Demonstrations
Authors: Hanocka R. , Assa J. , Cohen‐Or D. , Giryes R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, we present our strategy for camera control in dynamic scenes with multiple people (sports teams). We learn a generic model of the player dynamics offline in simulation. We use only a few sparse demonstrations of a user's camera control policy to learn a reward function to drive camera motion in an ongoing dynamic scene. Key to our approach is the creation of a low‐dimensional representation of the scene dynamics which is independent of the environment action and rewards, which enables learning the reward function using only a small number of examples. We cast the user‐specific control objective as an inverse reinforcement learning problem, aiming to learn an expert's intention from a small number of demonstrations. The learned reward function is used in combination with a visual model predictive controller (MPC). We learn a generic scene dynamics model that is agnostic to the user‐specific reward, enabling reusing the same dynamics model for different camera control policies. We show the effectiveness of our method on simulated and real soccer matches.
Postoperative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in relation to recurrence, survival and anastomotic leakage after surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Grahn Oskar , Lundin Mathias , Chapman Stephen J. , Rutegård Jörgen , Matthiessen Peter , Rutegård Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to investigate whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could be beneficial or harmful when used perioperatively for colorectal cancer patients, as inflammation may affect occult disease and anastomotic healing.MethodThis is a protocol‐based retrospective cohort study on colorectal cancer patients operated on between 2007 and 2012 at 21 hospitals in Sweden. NSAID exposure was retrieved from postoperative analgesia protocols, while outcomes and patient data were retrieved from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Older or severely comorbid patients, as well as those with disseminated or nonradically operated tumours were excluded. Multivariable regression with adjustment for confounders was performed, estimating hazard ratios (HRs) for long‐term outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for short‐term outcomes, including 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSome 6945 patients remained after exclusion, of whom 3996 were treated at hospitals where a NSAID protocol was in place. No association was seen between NSAIDs and recurrence‐free survival (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87–1.09). However, a reduction in cancer recurrence was detected (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.95), which remained significant when stratifying into locoregional (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.97) and distant recurrences (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.98). Anastomotic leakage was less frequent (HR 0.69%, 95% CI 0.51–0.94) in the NSAID‐exposed, mainly due to a risk reduction in colo‐rectal and ileo‐rectal anastomoses (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.33–0.68).ConclusionThere was no association between NSAID exposure and recurrence‐free survival, but an association with reduced cancer recurrence and the rate of anastomotic leakage was detected, which may depend on tumour site and anastomotic location.
Personal traits predict conservationists’ optimism about outcomes for nature
Authors: Pienkowski Thomas , Keane Aidan , de Lange Emiel , Khanyari Munib , Arlidge William N. S. , Baranyi Gergő , Brittain Stephanie , Castelló y Tickell Sofia , Hazenbosch Mirjam , Papworth Sarah , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the face of unprecedented biodiversity loss, the belief that conservation goals can be met could play an important role in ensuring they are fulfilled. We asked conservationists how optimistic they felt about key biodiversity outcomes over the next 10 years; 2341 people familiar with conservation in 144 countries responded. Respondents expressed optimism that enabling conditions for conservation would improve but felt pressures would continue, and the state of biodiversity was unlikely to get better. Respondents with greater general optimism about life, at early‐career stages, and working in practice and policy (compared to academia) reported higher conservation optimism. But most of our biodiversity and conservation status indicators were not associated with conservation optimism. Unbounded optimism without appropriate action would be misguided in the face of growing threats to biodiversity. However, supporting those struggling to see the light at the end of the tunnel could help sustain efforts to overcome these threats.
Conservation under uncertainty: Innovations in participatory climate change scenario planning from U.S. national parks
Authors: Miller Brian W. , Schuurman Gregor W. , Symstad Amy J. , Runyon Amber N. , Robb Brecken C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe impacts of climate change (CC) on natural and cultural resources are far‐reaching and complex. A major challenge facing resource managers is not knowing the exact timing and nature of those impacts. To confront this problem, scientists, adaptation specialists, and resource managers have begun to use scenario planning (SP). This structured process identifies a small set of scenarios—descriptions of potential future conditions that encompass the range of critical uncertainties—and uses them to inform planning. We reflect on a series of five recent participatory CC SP projects at four US National Park Service units and derive guidelines for using CC SP to support natural and cultural resource conservation. Specifically, we describe how these engagements affected management, present a generalized CC SP approach grounded in management priorities, and share key insights and innovations that (1) fostered participant confidence and deep engagement in the participatory CC SP process, (2) shared technical information in a way that encouraged informed, effective participation, (3) contextualized CC SP in the broader picture of relevant longstanding or emerging nonclimate stressors, (4) incorporated quantitative approaches to expand analytical capacity and assess qualitative findings, and (5) translated scenarios and all their complexity into strategic action.
Transformation of a state fish and wildlife agency: Missouri Department of Conservation's effort to remain relevant in a changing world
Authors: Pauley Sara Parker , Beres Audrey , Murray Norman , Sumners Jason A. , Witthaus Kendra , Hilgedick Kristie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn 1935, the citizens of Missouri established the Missouri Conservation Commission in the state's constitution and in 1976 approved a conservation sales tax to ensure sustainable funding for those priorities. These two major citizen‐led initiatives have been the cornerstone of the Missouri model of conservation and key to the successful implementation of The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) mission for more than 80 years. Even with a successful track record, the health of an organization is only ever in two operating modes—growing or decaying. Beginning in 2017, the department began a focused and intentional effort to transform the agency in an endeavor to remain relevant to a changing citizenry and to better equip the agency to meet current and future challenges. The agency first developed a new strategic plan with three identified goals: 1) MDC takes care of nature, 2) MDC connects people with nature, and 3) MDC maintains public trust. Next, a team of internal staff were charged with creating an organizational design that empowered employees to work in a highly interdependent, team‐oriented environment that ensured efficiency of operations, supported the fulfillment of the strategic plan, and placed Missouri citizens at the center of everything the agency does. The new organizational model establishes a system of governance and organizational structure based on centralized guidance and regional implementation of the strategic plan utilizing interdisciplinary cross‐functional teams.
Ancient introgression underlying the unusual mito‐nuclear discordance and coat phenotypic variation in the Moupin pika
Authors: Ge Deyan , Feijó Anderson , Wen Zhixin , Lissovsky Andrey , Zhang Dezhi , Cheng Jilong , Yan Chaochao , Mu Danping , Wu Xinlai , Xia Lin , Yang Qisen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe mechanisms by which global biodiversity hotspots harbour and conserve high genetic and morphological diversity of endemic species remain unexplored. Relic species of ochotonids in the genus Ochotona are confined to alpine habitats and highly sensitive to environmental changes. We studied the genomic and ecological mechanisms underlying the divergence and adaptive evolution of the Moupin pika (O. thibetana) and its closely related species to infer its diversification, adaptive evolution and demographic history in response to historical and recent environmental changes.LocationHengduan Mountain Region, China.MethodsWe integrated morphological, genomic and ecological data to interpret the phylogeographic structure, adaptive evolution, demographic history and range shift of O. thibetana. Phylogenetic reconstruction was based on Cytochrome b (CYTB), the mitochondrial genome and single‐copy orthologues of the whole genome. Gene flow among extant lineages, as well as from extinct species, was inferred by multiple algorithms. Demographic history was inferred using the pairwise sequential Markovian coalescent and high‐resolution analysis of linkage disequilibrium. We also predicted the range shift of this species by using ecological niche modelling.ResultsPhylogenetic reconstruction revealed an unusual mitochondrial lineage of O. thibetana from the western Sichuan Basin, which was named O. qionglaiensis in previous studies. Extensive gene flow was detected among genetic lineages of O. thibetana, which has distinct phenotypic variation in hair thickness and colouration, as well as notable morphological differentiation in external and craniodental measurements. Multiple members of the keratin gene family were identified as introgressed loci from some ancient species to O. thibetana. The Moupin pika underwent dramatic population shrinkage in the late Quaternary, with a clear trend of population growth in approximately the last 70 generations. The potential distribution range of O. thibetana showed a clear trend of expansion in the future.Main conclusionsThe unusual mitochondrial phylogenetic pattern of O. thibetana resulted from “extended ghost introgression,” a new evolutionary model proposed in the present study, and thus rejected the validity of O. qionglaiensis as an independent species. Ancient introgression of keratin genes likely underlies the prominent coat phenotypic variation among genetic lineages. Clear population growth and range expansion of the Moupin pika in recent generations probably benefitted from recent global warming and vegetation recovery, which not only contributed to the conservation of large mammals but was also beneficial to small mammals endemic to alpine habitats.
Developing and investigating an electronic performance support system for skill learning in the simulation environment
Authors: Sezer Baris 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveElectronic performance support systems (EPSSs) developed in the literature generally use advanced programming. This situation may limit the use of the EPSSs. The purpose of this study was to develop an EPSS without any financial cost and using advanced programming to improve dental and medical students’ knowledge and performance in the basic life support course in simulation environment.Materials and methodsThis study was planned and carried out as a developmental research. The participants of the study were composed of dental/medical students and experts. The academic achievement test, performance test, expert evaluation form and interview form were used as data collection tools. Data analyses were done by SPSS 21 package software.ResultsStudents taught using the EPSS have higher levels of academic achievement and performance compared with the students taught using the lecture format in a traditional way of teaching. Students stated that the system was useful and effective.ConclusionThis web‐based mid‐level EPSS was developed without any financial cost and using advanced programming. EPSSs like present system can be used for supporting learning. The used framework in this study can provide guidance for future works.
No complementarity no gain—Net diversity effects on tree productivity occur once complementarity emerges during early stand development
Authors: Urgoiti Jon , Messier Christian , Keeton William S. , Reich Peter B. , Gravel Dominique , Paquette Alain 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough there is compelling evidence that tree diversity has an overall positive effect on forest productivity, there are important divergences among studies on the nature and strength of these diversity effects and their timing during forest stand development. To clarify conflicting results related to stand developmental stage, we explored how diversity effects on productivity change through time in a diversity experiment spanning 11 years. We show that the strength of diversity effects on productivity progressively increases through time, becoming significantly positive after 9 years. Moreover, we demonstrate that the strengthening of diversity effects is driven primarily by gradual increases in complementarity. We also show that mixing species with contrasting resource‐acquisition strategies, and the dominance of deciduous, fast‐developing species, promote positive diversity effects on productivity. Our results suggest that the canopy closure and subsequent stem exclusion phase are key for promoting niche complementarity in diverse tree communities.
Seasonal rainfall influences reproduction and recruitment of tropical penaeid shrimps: Implications to fisheries management
Authors: de Barros Matheus Souza Ferreira , de Oliveira Júnior José Gilmar Cavalcante , de Oliveira Cícero Diogo Lins , Kramer Pinto Taciana , Batista Vandick da Silva , Fabré Nidia Noemi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere, we present results from a study conducted in two major shrimp fishing grounds in the Northeastern Brazil Marine Ecoregion (NBME) that determined reproductive dynamics of the penaeid shrimpsXiphopenaeus kroyeriandPenaeus schmitti. We aimed to verify if the current closed season is appropriate and untangle the environmental drivers that control their dynamics. The periods of recruitment and reproduction of both species overlap significantly, with a major spawning peak taking place in the dry season and recruitment in the wet season. The recruitment process in both species seem to be indirectly controlled by the onset of the rainfall season, which triggers an increase in primary productivity. This indirect effect also appears to affect growth increments positively. Our results suggest that both species evolved to recruit in the wet and spawn at the dry season as mechanisms to maximize reproductive fitness. They also highlight the possible negative influence of climate change in tropical shrimp stocks and that the current local regulations must be adjusted to better protect them from overfishing. Therefore, we present multiple possibilities to the closed fishing season (CFS) addressed to local decision‐makers and reinforce that environmental parameters and effects of environmental changes should be considered when planning management measures.
Present status and future directions: Management of curved and calcified root canals
Authors: Chaniotis Antonis , Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRoot canal curvature and calcification introduce factors that increase the risk of procedural accidents during root canal treatment. The inability to achieve patency to the apical third, asymmetrical dentine removal leading to transportation, perforation, and instrument fracture inside the curved trajectories are some of the procedural problems that might jeopardize the management of intraradicular infection and result in poor treatment outcomes. In fact, curved and constricted canals introduce such complexity that total instrumentation concepts and specially designed instruments have been developed to deal with the challenge. This narrative review seeks to provide and consolidate the principles necessary for understanding the dynamics of curved and constricted canal management and to improve the understanding for future developments in this field.
Occurrence and reasons for unfinished nursing care between COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Cengia Maria Grazia , Di Falco Achille , Allegrini Elisabetta , Ambrosi Elisa , Brugnaro Luca , Zambon Anna , Saiani Luisa , Grassetti Luca , Palese Alvisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo compare the occurrence and the reasons for unfinished care among coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and non‐COVID‐19 patients as perceived by nurses.BackgroundThe recent pandemic has imposed tremendous changes in hospitals in all countries.IntroductionInvestigating the occurrence of and the reasons for unfinished care as perceived by nurses working in COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 units might help to gain insights and to address future pandemics.MethodsA comparative cross‐sectional study based on the STROBE guideline has been conducted during November 2020–January 2021. The Unfinished Nursing Care Survey, comprising part A (elements) and part B (reasons), was administered online to all 479 nurses working in medical and surgical units converted progressively into COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 units. A total of 90 and 200 nurses participated, respectively.ResultsNo differences in the unfinished care occurrence have emerged at the overall level between nurses caring for COVID (2.10 out of 5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94–2.27) and non‐COVID‐19 patients (2.16; 95% CI, 2.06–2.26). Reasons for unfinished care reported significant higher averages among nurses caring for COVID (2.21; 95% CI, 2.10–2.31) as compared with those caring for non‐COVID‐19 patients (2.07; 95% CI, 2.01–2.14; p = 0.030).DiscussionThe overall occurrence of unfinished care was slightly higher compared with pre‐pandemic data in all patients.ConclusionsReasons triggering unfinished care were slightly different and were due to priority setting and human resources issues, which were perceived at higher significance among nurses working in COVID‐19 compared with non‐COVID‐19 units.Implication for nursing and health policiesA clear map of action has emerged that might be valid in the post‐COVID‐19 era as well as in the case of future pandemics.
Genetic variation among the salinity tolerant breeding lines identified from two multi‐parent advanced generation introgression line populations in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Chapagain Sandeep , Concepcion Jonathan , Pruthi Rajat , Singh Lovepreet , Famoso Adam , Subudhi Prasant K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSalinity is a major environmental constraint affecting rice production in both irrigated and non‐irrigated areas and threatening global food security. Development of salt‐tolerant rice varieties with desirable agronomic traits is a logical approach to maintain high yield in saline areas. Here, we report development of two multi‐parent advanced generation introgression line (MAGIL) rice populations in two US cultivar backgrounds and their physiological and morphological evaluation under salinity stress at germination and seedling stages. From the initial screening of 180 MAGILs in sand culture, 36 tolerant‐to‐moderately salt‐tolerant lines were selected and further confirmed in hydroponics experiment. The selected MAGILs showed lower root and shoot Na+/K+ ratio compared with the recurrent parents. The principal component and cluster‐based analysis using 12 morphophysiological traits revealed grouping of the selected lines with tolerant donors. Genotyping results with 100 polymorphic SSR markers indicated a low level of genetic diversity among these lines. Clustering based on molecular marker data separated the MAGILs from the salt tolerance donors in both populations but were grouped with the recurrent parents, suggesting genetic similarity of MAGILs with recurrent parents. The salt‐tolerant MAGILs identified in this study are useful resource for investigating molecular and physiological bases of salt‐tolerant mechanisms as well as for evaluating their yield potential for release as salt‐tolerant rice varieties.