bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nerve ultrasound characteristics of immunoglobulin M neuropathy associated with anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein antibodies
Authors: Oka Yuwa , Tsukita Kazuto , Tsuzaki Koji , Takamatsu Naoko , Uchibori Ayumi , Chiba Atsuro , Hamano Toshiaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsImmunoglobulin M neuropathy associated with anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein antibody (IgM/anti‐MAG) neuropathy typically presents with chronic, distal‐dominant symmetrical sensory or sensorimotor deficits. Ultrasonographic studies of IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy are limited, and were all performed on Western populations. We aimed to characterize the nerve ultrasonographic features of IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy in the Japanese population and evaluate whether they differ from the findings of the common subtypes of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we retrospectively reviewed medical records and extracted the cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) of C5–C7 cervical nerve roots and median and ulnar nerves of 6 IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy patients, 10 typical CIDP (t‐CIDP) patients, 5 multifocal CIDP (m‐CIDP) patients, and 17 healthy controls (HCs).ResultsCervical nerve root CSAs were significantly larger at every examined site on both sides in IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy than in m‐CIDP and HCs but were comparable to those in t‐CIDP. Peripheral nerve enlargements were greatest at common entrapment sites (ie, wrist and elbow) in IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy, a pattern shared with t‐CIDP but not with m‐CIDP. The degree of nerve enlargement at entrapment sites compared to non‐entrapment sites was significantly higher in IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy than in t‐CIDP.DiscussionOur study delineated the ultrasonographic features of IgM/anti‐MAG neuropathy in the Japanese population and observed similar characteristics to those of t‐CIDP, with subtle differences. Further studies comparing results from various populations are required to optimize the use of nerve ultrasound worldwide.
Association of a continuous continence self‐management program with independence in voiding behavior among stroke patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shogenji Miho , Yoshida Mikako , Sumiya Koyomi , Shimada Tsutomu , Ikenaga Yasunori , Ogawa Yoru , Hirako Kohei , Sai Yoshimichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsMany stroke patients cannot urinate independently due to motor and cognitive dysfunctions. This study examined whether a continuous continence self‐management program during acute and convalescent phases is associated with independence in voiding behavior.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among stroke patients registered in the Council of Kaga Local Stroke Network, Japan, from 2015 to 2019. In the intervention group (n = 941), a multidisciplinary continence care team and ward nurses provided continence care in the acute phase and shared the information with the staff in the convalescent ward. The control group (n = 579) received traditional voiding care from ward nurses. The primary and secondary outcomes were independence in voiding behavior at discharge from the convalescent ward and length of hospital stay, respectively.ResultsAt discharge from the convalescent wards, the proportion of patients who voided at the toilet or bedside commode was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (76.3% vs. 62.4%, p < 0.001). The continuous continence self‐management program was associated with independence in voiding behavior (adjusted odds ratio: 1.801, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.102, 2.942]; p = 0.019) and length of hospital stay (β: −0.178, 95% CI: [−14.320, −7.607]; p < 0.001) after adjusting for other variables.ConclusionsThe program was associated with increasing independent voiding behavior and shortened the length of hospital stay, suggesting the importance of promoting treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms and rehabilitation by a multidisciplinary continence care team for stroke patients.
Experimental and numerical investigation on flexural performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with uniform and non‐uniform waviness
Authors: Kulkarni Pritam , Mali Kiran D. , Singh Sandeep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe failure of unidirectional and quasi‐isotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminate with uniform and non‐uniform out‐of‐plane waviness defects were examined. Experimental tests and numerical simulations were performed for specimens with and without defects. Specimens with different types of waviness such as uniform embedded, non‐uniform hump and non‐uniform indentation were fabricated for testing their performance under three‐point flexural tests. Optical microscopic images were captured throughout the test to investigate the initiation and progression of failure in laminates. Three‐dimensional finite element (FE) models were built by considering actual specimen and defect geometric configurations obtained from optical microscopy. User material subroutine (UMAT) was developed and implemented in Abaqus/Standard to simulate intra‐ply failures as a continuum damage mechanism. The generated models are used to recognize damage initiation and progression during the flexural test. The experimental observations and FE simulation results are in good agreement for failure loads and damage mechanisms for different waviness cases.
Mechanical and water absorption behavior of thermoset matrices reinforced with natural fiber
Authors: Haddar Manel , Ben Slim Youssef , Koubaa Sana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the effect of thePosidonia Oceanicafiber (POF) rate and matrix type on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of the produced composites by compression molding process. The obtained results show that the stiffness, strength and hardness of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)/POF composite increase with POF reinforcement rates. Further, the choice of matrix plays in important role on the flexural properties of the composites. At equal percentage of POF (20 wt%), UPR/20POF composite shows the best flexural modulus compared to Epoxy/20POF composite. By contrast, the maximum deflection of UPR/20POF is approximately three times less important than the Epoxy/20POF composite. In addition, in the case of UPR/POF composite, water absorption tests revealed that the percentage of water content was found to increase with POF content. It was observed that the water absorption pattern of the all formulation of the composites was found to approach the Fickian diffusion behavior. It was also proven that the moisture resistance of UPR/20POF composite is greater than Epoxy/20POF composite. Compared to literature, composite reinforced with higher load of POF (UPR/30POF) exhibits higher dimensional stability, which explains their importance when it will be used for application in humid environment.
Fetal and neonatal abnormalities due to congenital syphilis: A literature review
Authors: David Marion , Hcini Najeh , Mandelbrot Laurent , Sibiude Jeanne , Picone Olivier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe recent recrudescence of syphilis among women of childbearing age is associated with an increasing number of cases of congenital syphilis. We aimed to summarize the fetal and neonatal abnormalities due to congenital syphilis infection, particularly signs amenable to prenatal diagnosis.MethodsEligible studies were retrieved from the PubMed collection database. Articles focusing on postnatal and antenatal abnormalities covered the periods from 1969 to 2019 and 1975–2019, respectively. This review included cohort studies, case series and case reports reporting findings regarding congenital syphilis infections described before and/or after birth. Articles were reviewed by three experts in prenatal diagnosis, and all findings were classified as amenable or not amenable to prenatal diagnosis.ResultsA total of 432 cases of congenital syphilis infection were reported. Abnormalities were described antenatally in 161 cases, postnatally in 319 cases, and in both the antenatal and postnatal periods in 57 cases. The most frequently reported signs amenable to prenatal diagnosis were abdominal abnormalities (hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and bowel abnormalities), fetal growth restriction, and elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in the context of ascites or atypical hydrops. Brain abnormalities were rare and never isolated. In the neonatal period, the most common abnormalities were hepatosplenomegaly, bone damage and skin lesions.ConclusionWe found that no individual sonographic sign or pattern of signs is pathognomonic for fetal syphilis. In fetuses with ultrasound abnormalities suggestive of congenital infection, syphilis must be considered as part of the work‐up.
The synergetic and multifaceted nature of carbon–carbon rotation reveals the origin of conformational barrier heights with bulky alkane groups
Authors: Wan Xinjie , He Xin , Li Meng , Wang Bin , Rong Chunying , Liu Shubin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDesigning compounds with as long carbon–carbon bond distances as possible to challenge conventional chemical wisdom is of current interest in the literature. These compounds with exceedingly long bond lengths are commonly believed to be stabilized by dispersion interactions. In this work, we build nine dimeric models with varying sizes of alkyl groups, let the carbon–carbon bond flexibly rotate, and then analyze rotation barriers with energy decomposition and information‐theoretic approaches in density functional theory. Our results show that these rotations lead to extraordinarily elongated carbon–carbon bond distances and rotation barriers are synergetic and multifaceted in nature. The dominant factor contributing to the relative stability of the dimers with bulky alkane groups is not the dispersion force but the electrostatic interaction with steric and exchange‐correlation effects playing minor yet indispensable roles.
Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells upregulate ACE2 expression in response to iron‐regulatory elements: Potential implications for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Toe Quezia K. , Issitt Theo , Mahomed Abdul , Almaghlougth Fatma , Bahree Ishan , Sturge Charles , Hu Xueqi , Panselinas Ioannis , Burke‐Gaffney Anne , Wort Stephen, Jc , Quinlan Gregory John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVascular endothelial cell dysfunction is reported in severe coronavirus disease 2019 disease, however, controversy exists regarding levels of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, a coreceptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, in these cells. We report ACE2 expression and positive regulation by both interleuki‐6, hepcidin, and ferroportin knock‐down in pulmonary artery endothelial cells with potential implications for viral infection.
Evaluation of acquisition modes for semi‐quantitative analysis by targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry
Authors: Britt Hannah M. , Cragnolini Tristan , Khatun Suniya , Hatimy Abubakar , James Juliette , Page Nathanael , Williams Jonathan P. , Hughes Christopher , Denny Richard , Thalassinos Konstantinos , Vissers Johannes P. C. 
Published: March 2022

RationaleAnalyte quantitation by mass spectrometry underpins a diverse range of scientific endeavors. The fast‐growing field of mass spectrometer development has resulted in several targeted and untargeted acquisition modes suitable for these applications. By characterizing the acquisition methods available on an ion mobility (IM)‐enabled orthogonal acceleration time‐of‐flight (oa‐ToF) instrument, the optimum modes for analyte semi‐quantitation can be deduced.MethodsSerial dilutions of commercial metabolite, peptide, or cross‐linked peptide analytes were prepared in matrices of human urine or Escherichia coli digest. Each analyte dilution was introduced into an IM separation‐enabled oa‐ToF mass spectrometer by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization. Data were acquired for each sample in duplicate using nine different acquisition modes, including four IM‐enabled acquisitions modes, available on the mass spectrometer.ResultsFive (metabolite) or seven (peptide/cross‐linked peptide) point calibration curves were prepared for analytes across each of the acquisition modes. A nonlinear response was observed at high concentrations for some modes, attributed to saturation effects. Two correction methods, one MS1 isotope‐correction and one MS2 ion intensity‐correction, were applied to address this observation, resulting in an up to twofold increase in dynamic range. By averaging the semi‐quantitative results across analyte classes, two parameters, linear dynamic range (LDR) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), were determined to evaluate each mode.ConclusionA comparison of the acquisition modes revealed that data‐independent acquisition and parallel reaction monitoring methods are most robust for semi‐quantitation when considering achievable LDR and LLOQ. IM‐enabled modes exhibited sensitivity increases, but a simultaneous reduction in dynamic range required correction methods to recover. These findings will assist users in identifying the optimum acquisition mode for their analyte quantitation needs, supporting a diverse range of applications and providing guidance for future acquisition mode developments.
Preparation and Thermal Performance Analysis of New Composite Phase Change Materials of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate and Different Additives.
Authors: Luo Kai , Ye Weiliang , Zeng Zui , Wu Dengke , Liu Jingtao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA thickener that could address the phase separation problems of sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) was determined by the gravity sedimentation method. Additionally, a hydrated salt nucleating agent to effectively reduce the supercooling of SAT was sought using the step‐cooling method. Combining these findings, a new SAT composite phase change material (SAT CPCM) was prepared. Additionally, a sample containing expanded graphite (EG) was prepared by melt blending to enhance the thermal conductivity. Our results show that a sample prepared with 1.5 % xanthan gum and 2 % sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate as a hydrated salt nucleating agent basically eliminates supercooling, its thermostability better than that of the composite phase change material using disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate. A sample with 6 % EG stays molten without leakage at a higher temperature and in the cooling test, the material‘s supercooling degree was only 1.1 °C. After 200 cooling‐heating cycles, the thermal stability was good, with high latent heats of 230.52 kJ/kg and thermal conductivities of 1.789 W(m ⋅ K) −1. This composite phase change material has great application potential in the field of low‐temperature heat storage.
Recent development of nanomaterials for carbon dioxide electroreduction
Authors: Su Jianjun , Liu Yong , Song Yun , Huang Libei , Guo Weihua , Cao Xiaohu , Dou Yubing , Cheng Le , Li Geng , Hu Qiushi , Ye Ruquan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce value‐added products has received tremendous research attention in recent years. With research efforts across the globe, remarkable advancement has been achieved, including the improvement of selectivity for the reduction products, the realization of efficient reduction beyond two electrons, and the delivery of industrially relevant current densities. In this review, we introduce the recent development of nanomaterials for CO2RR, including the zero‐dimensional graphene quantum dots, two‐dimensional materials such as metal chalcogenides and metal/covalent organic framework, single‐atom catalysts, and nanostructured metal catalysts. The engineering of materials into three‐dimensional structure will also be discussed. Finally, we will provide a summary of the catalytic performance and perspectives on future development.
Effect of a combination of butorphanol and detomidine on endoscopic assessment of laryngeal function in Thoroughbred yearlings
Authors: Almonte Hugo , Schumacher James , Johnson Christopher R. , Berk Jeffrey T. , Bell Rhodes P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo the authors’ knowledge, the effect of a combination of butorphanol tartrate and detomidine hydrochloride on the laryngeal function and symmetry of the arytenoid cartilages in young Thoroughbred horses has not been examined. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of administration of butorphanol and detomidine on left‐to‐right rima glottidis ratio (L:R RGR), cross‐sectional area of the rima glottidis (CSARG) and grade of laryngeal function of Thoroughbred yearlings examined endoscopically at rest.MethodsForty‐six Thoroughbred yearlings underwent laryngeal video endoscopy, at rest, before and after sedation with butorphanol and detomidine. Three clinicians assigned grades of laryngeal function after reviewing the video recordings. The L:R RGR and CSARG were measured at the point of arytenoid cartilages’ maximal abduction. Student's t‐test was used to compare the L:R RGR and CSARG. Cohen's kappa (κ) was used to compare the intra‐ and interobserver agreements. Spearman's rank order was used to assess agreement between CSARG and grade of laryngeal function.ResultsSedation had no effect on L:R RGR and CSARG. Mean intraobserver agreement of grade of laryngeal function of unsedated yearlings was 93.1%, and that of sedated yearlings was 92.9%. Mean interobserver agreement of grade of laryngeal function of unsedated yearlings was 92.8%, and that of sedated yearlings was 92.7%. Correlation between CSARG and laryngeal function grade was significant for both groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionSedating Thoroughbred yearlings with detomidine and butorphanol, before endoscopically examining the larynx, did not significantly affect the grade of laryngeal function.
Synthesis, characterization, and multielectron redox property of pyridine‐coordinated tetra‐Ru‐oxo core sandwich‐type silicotungstate, [(γ‐SiW10O36)2({Ru(IV)(pyridine)}4O4(OH)2]10−
Authors: Kokumai Kodai , Sugiarto  , Sadakane Masahiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA pyridine‐coordinated tetra‐Ru‐oxo core sandwich‐type silicotungstate, [(γ‐SiW10O36)2({Ru(IV)(pyridine)}4O4(OH)2]10−, in which four Ru atoms are coordinated by pyridine molecules, was prepared and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet–visible (UV‐Vis) electrospectroscopy indicated that the molecule showed multielectron redox processes over a wide pH range (1–12).
Modelling vector-like quarks in partial compositeness framework
Authors: Banerjee Avik , Franzosi Diogo Buarque , Ferretti Gabriele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Composite Higgs models, together with partial compositeness, predict the existence of new scalars and vector-like quarks (partners) at and above the TeV scale. Generically, the presence of these additional scalars opens up new decay topologies for the partners. In this paper we show how to systematically construct the general low energy Lagrangian to capture this feature. We emphasize the specific pattern in the top-partner spectrum arising in this class of models. We then present a concrete realization in the context of the SU(5)/SO(5) coset. We show that the top-partners in this model can have significant branching ratios to the additional scalars and a third generation quark, compared to the usual Standard Model channels. Amongst the most promising signatures at the LHC are final states containing a diphoton resonance along with a top quark.
Study of surface modification strategies to create glassy carbon-supported, aptamer-based sensors for continuous molecular monitoring
Authors: Pellitero Miguel Aller , Arroyo-Currás Netzahualcóyotl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Electrochemical, aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors uniquely enable reagentless, reversible, and continuous molecular monitoring in biological fluids. Because of this ability, E-AB sensors have been proposed for therapeutic drug monitoring. However, to achieve translation from the bench to the clinic, E-AB sensors should ideally operate reliably and continuously for periods of days. Instead, because these sensors are typically fabricated on gold surfaces via self-assembly of alkanethiols that are prone to desorption from electrode surfaces, they undergo significant signal losses in just hours. To overcome this problem, our group is attempting to migrate E-AB sensor interfaces away from thiol-on-gold assembly towards stronger covalent bonds. Here, we explore the modification of carbon electrodes as an alternative substrate for E-AB sensors. We investigated three strategies to functionalize carbon surfaces: (I) anodization to generate surface carboxylic groups, (II) electrografting of arenediazonium ions, and (III) electrografting of primary aliphatic amines. Our results indicate that electrografting of primary aliphatic amines is the only strategy achieving monolayer organization and packing densities closely comparable to those obtained by alkanethiols on gold. In addition, the resulting monolayers enable covalent tethering of DNA aptamers and support electrochemical sensing of small molecule targets or complimentary DNA strands. These monolayers also achieve superior stability under continuous voltammetric interrogation in biological fluids relative to benchmark thiol-on-gold monolayers when a positive voltage scan window is used. Based on these results, we postulate the electrografting of primary aliphatic amines as a path forward to develop carbon-supported E-AB sensors with increased operational stability.
Graphical abstract
The Canny–Emiris Conjecture for the Sparse Resultant
Authors: D’Andrea Carlos , Jeronimo Gabriela , Sombra Martín 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a product formula for the initial parts of the sparse resultant associated with an arbitrary family of supports, generalizing a previous result by Sturmfels. This allows to compute the homogeneities and degrees of this sparse resultant, and its evaluation at systems of Laurent polynomials with smaller supports. We obtain an analogous product formula for some of the initial parts of the principal minors of the Sylvester-type square matrix associated with a mixed subdivision of a polytope. Applying these results, we prove that under suitable hypothesis, the sparse resultant can be computed as the quotient of the determinant of such a square matrix by one of its principal minors. This generalizes the classical Macaulay formula for the homogeneous resultant and confirms a conjecture of Canny and Emiris.
Directional droplet transport on switchable ratchets by mechanowetting
Authors: De Jong Edwin , Den Toonder Jaap M. J. , Onck Patrick R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaterials with a mechanical response to an external stimulus are promising for application in miniaturized cargo and fluid manipulation in microfluidic (lab-on-a-chip) systems and microsystems in general. One of the main challenges in droplet microfluidics is the precise control of the droplet motion, and existing technologies have drawbacks that can compromise the droplet contents. Here, we demonstrate how an on–off switchable ratchet topography combined with a simple actuation strategy can be exploited to accurately manipulate mm-sized droplets. Because of the mechanowetting principle, the three-phase line dynamically attaches to these deforming ratchets, affecting the droplet displacement in a controlled matter. We show that such topographies are capable of transporting droplets over a surface in a stepwise fashion. We calculate the forces generated by the surface using both a theoretical description of the three-phase line and fluid simulations, and we identify the window of applicability in terms of the droplet size relative to the sawtooth dimensions. Our results enable the design of microfluidic systems with deforming wall topographies for controlled droplet manipulation.