bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leopard density and interspecific spatiotemporal interactions in a hyena‐dominated landscape
Authors: Vissia Sander , Fattebert Julien , van Langevelde Frank 
Published: October 2022

AbstractScavenging is widespread in the carnivore guild and can greatly impact food web structures and population dynamics by either facilitation or suppression of sympatric carnivores. Due to habitat loss and fragmentation, carnivores are increasingly forced into close sympatry, possibly resulting in more interactions such as kleptoparasitism and competition. In this paper, we investigate the potential for these interactions when carnivore densities are high. A camera trap survey was conducted in central Tuli, Botswana, to examine leopard Panthera pardus densities and spatiotemporal activity patterns of leopard and its most important competitors' brown hyena Parahyaena brunnea and spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta. Spatial capture–recapture models estimated leopard population density to be 12.7 ± 3.2 leopard/100 km2, which is one of the highest leopard densities in Africa. Time‐to‐event analyses showed both brown hyena and spotted hyena were observed more frequently before and after a leopard observation than expected by chance. The high spatiotemporal overlap of both hyena species with leopard is possibly explained by leopard providing scavenging opportunities for brown hyena and spotted hyena. Our results suggest that central Tuli is a high‐density leopard area, despite possible intense kleptoparasitism and competition.
Genomic divergence, local adaptation, and complex demographic history may inform management of a popular sportfish species complex
Authors: Gunn Joe C. , Berkman Leah K. , Koppelman Jeff , Taylor Andrew T. , Brewer Shannon K. , Long James M. , Eggert Lori S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Neosho Bass (Micropterus velox), a former subspecies of the keystone top‐predator and globally popular Smallmouth Bass (M. dolomieu), is endemic and narrowly restricted to small, clear streams of the Arkansas River Basin in the Central Interior Highlands (CIH) ecoregion, USA. Previous studies have detected some morphological, genetic, and genomic differentiation between the Neosho and Smallmouth Basses; however, the extent of neutral and adaptive divergence and patterns of intraspecific diversity are poorly understood. Furthermore, lineage diversification has likely been impacted by gene flow in some Neosho populations, which may be due to a combination of natural biogeographic processes and anthropogenic introductions. We assessed: (1) lineage divergence, (2) local directional selection (adaptive divergence), and (3) demographic history among Smallmouth Bass populations in the CIH using population genomic analyses of 50,828 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained through ddRAD‐seq. Neosho and Smallmouth Bass formed monophyletic clades with 100% bootstrap support. We identified two major lineages within each species. We discovered six Neosho Bass populations (two nonadmixed and four admixed) and three nonadmixed Smallmouth Bass populations. We detected 29 SNPs putatively under directional selection in the Neosho range, suggesting populations may be locally adapted. Two populations were admixed via recent asymmetric secondary contact, perhaps after anthropogenic introduction. Two other populations were likely admixed via combinations of ancient and recent processes. These species comprise independently evolving lineages, some having experienced historical and natural admixture. These results may be critical for management of Neosho Bass as a distinct species and may aid in the conservation of other species with complex biogeographic histories.
Optimization and application of loop‐mediated isothermal amplification technique for sex identification in red‐whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus)
Authors: Changtor Phanupong , Gupta Yash Munnalal , Yimtragool Nonglak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe red‐whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) is a popular avian species in Thailand and many other countries. The red‐whiskered bulbul has a high economic value, but breeding is challenging since sex identification is difficult. The PCR method is now used for sex identification. However, PCR amplification and post‐PCR analysis necessitate the use of a laboratory equipped with specialized scientific instruments, which is inconvenient for field operations. This research describes a method for amplification of DNA samples using the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) approach, which is a molecular biology methodology for isothermal amplification that is extremely sensitive, fast, and easy for post‐LAMP product visualization. Herein, total of 23 blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted. Two sets of LAMP primers were designed for CHD‐Z and CHD‐W genes. The colorimetric assay was used to investigate the best conditions for LAMP reactions and post‐LAMP product visualization. LAMP reactions for sex identification were compared to traditional PCR in terms of sensitivity and specificity. LAMP reactions were found to be 10‐fold more sensitive than PCR at 1 ng of DNA. When compared to electrophoresis analysis, the visualization with colorimetric assay using GelRed® and SYTO™ 9 was 100% accurate. The optimal LAMP condition tested simple DNA extracted from bird feathers using the HotSHOT technique. The result showed that the optimal condition could distinguish the sex of red‐whiskered bulbuls totally and accurately. A powerful method for red‐whiskered bulbul sex identification is demonstrated in this study, which can be used in field studies because it is quick and easy to perform, has high sensitivity, and does not require advanced scientific equipment.
Enhancement of mass transfer performance by nanoparticles during the CO2 absorption with MDEA solution in a randomly packed tower
Authors: Liu Jian , Kong Chengdong , Yang Liu , Wu Xiaojiang , Zhang Zhongxiao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the mass transfer enhancement by nanoparticles during CO2 absorption process with MDEA solution in a randomly packed tower was investigated. The mass transfer performance of MDEA solution with and without nanoparticles were quantified and analyzed in terms of the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient (KGav). An enhancement factor (E), defined as the ratio of KGav with and without nanoparticles, was further introduced to evaluate the enhancement effect of the addition of nanoparticles. The effects of TiO2 nanoparticle concentration, MDEA concentration, liquid flow rate, liquid temperature, inert gas flow rate, and CO2 loading on KGav and E were systematically studied in the packed tower. It is found that the maximum value of E can reach 1.37, when the nanoparticle concentration is 0.09wt%, the liquid flow rate is 21.22 m3/m2·h, the liquid temperature is 27°C, the MDEA concentration is 30%, the gas flow rate is 7.58 kmol/m2·h and the CO2 loading is 0.2 mol CO2/mol MDEA. Usually, the KGav of the MDEA nanofluids can be increased by 10–37% in a randomly packed tower compared to that of the MDEA solution, which is consistent with the results from the bubbling reactors. However, when the CO2 loading of absorption exceeds 50%, E becomes less than 1.0, which means that high CO2 loading inhibits the enhancement effect of nanoparticles. In order to predict the mass transfer performance of MDEA nanofluid, a formula correlating E and various dimensionless operating parameters (i.e. ,
,
and ) is proposed and fitted with an average absolute deviation of 14%. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Best friend or broken tool? Exploring the co‐existence of humans and artificial intelligence in the workplace ecosystem
Authors: Einola Katja , Khoreva Violetta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has become an important topic in business literature and strategy talk. Yet, much of this literature is normative and conceptual in nature. How organizational members perceive AI and the job role changes that come with it is, so far, largely unknown territory for both HR scholars and practitioners. We sought to investigate the relationship between humans and AI and conducted an in‐depth exploratory study into the co‐existence of humans and two early‐stage AI‐solutions, one for “low‐status” automation and another for “high‐status”; augmentation. We suggest that different organizational groups may engage in distinctly different sensemaking processes regarding AI, an important insight for successful HRM strategies when AI is being introduced into the workplace. Moreover, contrary to recent conceptual work, our findings indicate that AI‐enabled automation and augmentation solutions may not be detached from nor exist in tension with each other. They are deeply embedded in organizational processes and workflows for which people who co‐exist with the technologies must take ownership. Our findings, in part, go against discussions on AI “taking over” jobs or deskilling humans. We describe a more nuanced version of reality fluctuating around the various ways different organizational groups encounter different AI‐solutions in their daily work. Finally, our study warns against unconditional technological enthusiasm, managerial ignorance of the nature of work that employees undertake in different organizational groups, and a neglect of the time and effort required to successfully implement AI‐solutions that affect not only the home organization but also members of the broader ecosystem.
Postoperative adverse events and re‐treatment among patients who have undergone laparoscopic and robotic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse in Japan
Authors: Shigemi Daisuke , Okada Akira , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and compare the postoperative adverse events and re‐treatment for recurrence after laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy in Japanese patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using the DeSC database, which contains claims and medical check‐up data provided by DeSC Healthcare Inc., Tokyo, Japan. We identified all patients who had undergone either laparoscopic or robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy from April 2014 to May 2021. Patient backgrounds and postoperative outcomes were compared between the laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy groups. Moreover, the composite adverse event comprising vaginal erosion, postoperative urinary incontinence, postoperative dysuria, urinary tract injury, and abdominal incisional hernia was evaluated. Re‐treatment for POP recurrence included pessary use and surgery for POP was also evaluated.ResultsAmong 28 748 patients diagnosed with POP, 409 (1.4%) had undergone laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and 52 (0.2%) had undergone robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy. The prevalence of postoperative adverse events was 20.8% and 13.5% in the laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy groups, respectively (P = 0.270). One patient (1.9%) underwent surgery after robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy, and none of the patients was administered pessaries postoperatively in both groups.ConclusionIn Japan, postoperative outcomes after laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted sacrocolpopexy are similar and comparable to those reported in western countries.
COVID‐19 infection and pain in adolescents with sickle cell disease: A case series
Authors: Heyman Heidi M. , Alberts Nicole M. , Rees Matthew , Puri Latika , Frett Michael J. , Anghelescu Doralina L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAdolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) have been shown to have pain‐related sequelae following COVID‐19 infection. In this case series, we discuss five adolescents with SCD and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection who subsequently developed complex pain circumstances manifested as: (1) increased frequency of acute care visits or admissions for pain; (2) new onset chronic pain; (3) new onset neuropathic pain; (4) escalation in the complexity of pharmacologic therapies; (5) increased use of nonpharmacologic interventions. While more research is needed to fully understand the implications of COVID‐19 infection on pain in adolescents with SCD, these cases suggest the presence of a complex relationship.
Respective contributions of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration to long‐term changes in global drought duration and intensity
Authors: Wang Ren , Li Longhui , Chen Lijuan , Ning Liang , Yuan Linwang , Lü Guonian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change has resulted in an increase in drought in most global land areas, mainly due to a decrease in regional precipitation (P) or an increase in potential evapotranspiration (PET) induced by climate warming. However, knowledge on the contributions of P and PET to long‐term changes in global drought duration and intensity is still limited. In this study, we quantitatively analysed the respective contributions of P and PET to long‐term drought duration and intensity on a global scale, using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and different inputs of P and PET. The results showed that the mean drought duration and intensity experienced an increasing trend in most global land areas during 1950–2020, especially in western United States, eastern Amazon, Mediterranean region, Africa, western Asia, and northeastern Asia. The contributions of P and PET to historical drought evolution vary from regions. The results show that while increasing PET has extensive contribution to drought increase, regional increases in long‐term drought duration and intensity are largely determined by the variability in P, and the contribution of P to the increase in long‐term drought can even reach 100%. This study has great implications in improving physical understanding of long‐term drought evolution under climate change.
Timing of Oral Feeding in Patients Who have Undergone Free Flap Reconstruction for Oral Cancer
Authors: Wu Hong‐Yun , Shan Xiao‐Feng , Cai Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Jing , Li Pei‐Jun , Zhang Lei , Yang Yue 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveDetermine the safety and effectiveness of a nasogastric tube removal plan designed to shorten nasogastric tube indwelling time after oral cancer surgery plus free flap reconstruction.Materials and MethodsA parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted from May 2021 to December 2021 at Peking University School of Stomatology. Volunteers (n = 128) were separated into four groups: non‐tracheostomy control and intervention groups and tracheostomy control and intervention groups. Control patients received the conventional nasogastric tube removal plan. Non‐tracheotomy intervention patients were asked to swallow 5 ml of water on the first postoperative day. If there was no coughing, they were allowed progressively increasing amounts of water for the following 2 days. The nasogastric tube was removed only after ensuring level I/II performance on the Watian water swallowing test, no “wet voice” after drinking water, no marked decrease in blood oxygen saturation after drinking, and satisfactory daily oral nutritional intake. Tracheotomy intervention patients received the same protocol plus an additional Watian water swallowing test after tracheal tube removal.ResultsNasogastric tube removal time was earlier in the intervention subgroups than in control subgroups: 5.0 ± 2.3 days versus 7.8 ± 3.9 days (p = 0.001) in non‐tracheostomy patients and 9.8 ± 1.1 days versus 16.2 ± 13.0 days (p = 0.049) in tracheostomy patients. Incidence of wound complications and daily food intake were comparable between the groups. The incidence of pneumonia was lower in the tracheostomy intervention group than in the tracheostomy control group (12.5% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.162). Pharyngeal pain score was lower in tracheotomy intervention patients than in tracheotomy control patients (p = 0.029). Postoperative hospital stay was shorter in tracheotomy intervention patients than in tracheotomy control patients (p = 0.005).ConclusionsOn the basis of ensuring safety and effectiveness, patients undergone free flap reconstruction for oral cancer could be offered oral intake early after surgery, which will not increase the incidence of wound complications and pneumonia or adversely affecting the oral intake of the patients; it can also help minimize pharyngeal pain and shorten postoperative hospital stay of patients with a tracheotomy.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 133:1382–1387, 2023
An artificial intelligence analysis of climate‐change influencers' marketing on Twitter
Authors: Ballestar María Teresa , Martín‐Llaguno Marta , Sainz Jorge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDesigning marketing strategies with social media influencers are becoming increasingly relevant for setting political agendas. This study focuses on how two representative social influencers, Greta Thunberg and Bill Gates, engage in advising against climate change. The investigation uses 23,294 tweets posted by them or their followers citing them on climate change around the 25th edition of the United Nations Climate Change Conference. This study applies artificial intelligence and natural language processing to analyse the marketing mechanism of social influencers. We scrutinize the sentiment of the messages and then identify and analyse the different networks constructed around them to discern how pervasive a social influencer's message is. The results show that Thunberg and Gates follow different and unconnected strategies to deliver their messages to their followers.
Injectable, Self‐Healing and Multiple Responsive Histamine Modified Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Potentialities in Drug Delivery, Antibacterial and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zhou Sijie , Yang Dejun , Yang Dong , Guo Yan , Hu Ronggui , Li Yuan , Zan Xingjie , Zhang Xingxing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogels are 3D network structures composed of physically or chemically crosslinked, hydrophilic molecules. Compared with conventional hydrogels with static and permanent network structures, injectable and responsive hydrogels generated from dynamic networks, have attracted increasing attention from various disciplines due to their wide‐ranging applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, soft robotics, etc. Herein, an injectable self‐healing and multiple‐responsive hyaluronic acid (HA)‐ histamine (His)/metal hydrogel is developed by modifying His onto HA and the subsequent, dynamic coordination between imidazole and metal ions. The pH‐responsive and mechanical behaviors exhibited by the HA‐His/metal hydrogels are tunable with the kinds and the concentrations of metal ions. The HA‐His/Zr4+ hydrogels demonstrate a moldable capability at a neutral pH and a multi‐stimulus‐responsive capability when exposed to a weak alkaline environment and hyaluronidase, which inhibits bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Biocompatibilities and accelerated wound healing are demonstrated in vitro and in vivo and are thoroughly investigated and well characterized. The HA‐His/Zr4+ hydrogel has great potential in various biomedical applications, such as pH‐ and hyaluronidase‐responsive sustained release, antibacterial, and implantable materials for tissue engineering.
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) process parameter optimization to minimize residual stresses of 3 d printed carbon fiber nylon 12 hip joint implant
Authors: Nyiranzeyimana G. , Mutua J.M. , Ochuku Mbuya T. , Mose B.R. , Bisengimana E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResidual stresses induced during the layer‐by‐layer fabrication process affect mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of additively manufactured components. Some of these effects cannot be corrected by post processing like heat treatment. This work aims at optimizing fused deposition modelling process parameters for the least residual stresses during 3D printing of carbon fiber reinforced nylon 12 hip implant. Taguchi design of experiment was used to study the effect of printing temperature, layer thickness and print speed on the residual stresses using the Digimat‐ additive manufacturing software. The results show that the optimal factor setting levels for minimizing part residual stresses were printing temperature of 255 °C, layer thickness of 0.3 mm, and a print speed of 50 mm/s. Printing temperature has the most significant influence on the residual stresses. The combination of the optimum parameter levels yielded the least simulation residual stresses of (41.75
6.53) MPa while the experimental residual stress results were (40.7
7.7) MPa. The simulated and experimental results agreed with minimal percentage difference of (2.51
0.04) %. Tensile and compressive properties of 3D printed carbon fiber nylon 12 composite hip implant matched those of cortical bone. The fracture surface of failed tensile specimens revealed that failure occurred through fiber pull‐out and matrix fracture
Effect of chromium content on microstructure and properties of casting Al‐7Si‐0.35Mg‐0.02Sr alloy
Authors: Ling H. , Shi H. , Du X. , Zan J. , Liu J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effect of the addition of chromium between 0.1 % and 0.3 % on the structure and properties of Al‐7Si‐0.35Mg‐0.02Sr alloy was studied. The results show that as the chromium content increases, the alloy grains are refined, and the grains appear fine equiaxed after 0.2 % chromium addition. At the same time, chromium combines with iron to form AlCrFeSi phase, which significantly improves the iron phase morphology, making it change from needle shape to fish bone shape. In the aging stage, the Al13Cr4Si4 phase is dispersed in the alloy, and its phase relationship with the matrix is semi‐coherent and non‐coherent. When the chromium content continues to increase, the degree of dispersion of the Al13Cr4Si4 phase is higher, but the performance of the alloy decreases, because the chromium containing precipitate phase consumes magnesium and silicon solute atoms from the nearby melt, making the amount of magnesium silicide decrease. The Al‐7Si‐0.35Mg‐0.02Sr alloy with 0.2 % chromium showed the best mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness).
Particle formation in thermally initiated radical‐mediated thiol‐ene emulsion polymerizations
Authors: Cassidy Kyle J. , Shipp Devon A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRadical‐mediated thiol‐ene polymerizations (RMTEPs) conducted under typical emulsion polymerization conditions were studied with the aim of determining how various experimental parameters impact particle nucleation and growth. These colloids are unusual since they are made by step‐growth polymerizations, which can be thermally initiated in an aqueous emulsion system. Four pairs of thiol‐ene monomers were used to probe how composition impacts the nucleation loci. Kinetic studies were carried out to understand how monomer conversion, molecular weight, and particle size change throughout the reaction. Additionally, the number of particles formed as a function of surfactant and initiator concentrations were studied and this data, along with information from dye partition experiments, were used to determine polymer colloid nucleation mechanisms and how monomer/polymer structure impacts nucleation processes. Within the four pairs of monomers studied, three proceeded via homogeneous nucleation (via chain collapse in the aqueous phase), while one pair, which gave the highest degree of crosslinking, underwent heterogeneous nucleation (nucleation occurs in the micellar phase). Possible factors that impact which nucleation mechanism dominates a given set of monomers, such as crosslink density, water solubility, and thiol/ene reactivity, is discussed, although no clear set of delineating guidelines can be offered with this current set of data.