bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular incinerator with pre-treatment plant for municipal solid waste treatment in the super-priority tourism destination of Labuan Bajo Indonesia
Authors: Purwanta Wahyu , Prawisudha Pandji , Juangsa Firman Bagja , Fani Ayudia Mutiara , Philander Evan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the competitiveness parameters of tourist destinations is the cleanliness index. Labuan Bajo as a super-priority tourist destination has a very serious municipal solid waste (MSW) problem. Waste generation in Labuan Bajo and Komodo National Park in 2020 reached 14.06 tons/day and is projected to be 15.51 tons/day in 2023. The main sources of MSW come from settlements, hotels, traditional markets, and seaports. The current MSW management system is that waste is collected from the source and then transported to a temporary storage tank to be transported by truck to the Warloka landfill. This system poses a threat in the form of shortening the service life of the landfill. Management through recycling is still a very low percentage because the recycling ecosystem has not yet developed. One alternative for MSW management that is currently being carried out by the central government in Labuan Bajo is to implement a modular incinerator. This paper describes the process of designing and operating a test incinerator with a combustion capacity of 20 tons/day consisting of 2 lines each with a capacity of 10 tons/day. The incinerator is equipped with a pre-treatment plant consisting of a sorting conveyor, thermal dryer, and storage conveyor. The incinerator furnace consists of two chambers and each is equipped with a burner. This furnace is designed to be able to burn waste with a calorific value of 1300 kcal/kg with a maximum moisture content (MC) of 60%. The test results show that the temperature in the primary chamber can reach a minimum of 800°C and a maximum of 1000°C in the secondary chamber. The burning rate has obtained a maximum of 527 kg/h which means it has passed the initial design of 417 kg/h. To meet emission-quality standards, exhaust gas is processed through flue gas treatment consisting of a cyclone, quencher scrubber, and chimney. Emissions measured by CEMS include parameters of particulates, CO, SO2, and NOx, all of which are below the national emission-quality standards. The heat generated from partial combustion will be channeled to the thermal dryer to reduce MC so that it can reach 40%. The results of burning waste with this incinerator produce fly ash and bottom ash about 4% of the weight of the input waste.
Spatial Analysis of Potential Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Household-Scale LPG Consumption in Urban and Sub-Urban Areas of Medan City during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Suryati I , Hasibuan N , Hanisah M , Nadapdap L , Ruadelia M , Sigalingging J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Household activities such as the use of electricity, LPG, and fuel for vehicles are sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Energy consumption at the household scale continues to increase, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the policy of working from home. The global COVID-19 pandemic also affects household-scale energy consumption for urban and suburban areas. The increase in energy consumption is in line with the increase in greenhouse gases so to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, spatial mapping is necessary. This mapping aims to determine the potential distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from household-scale LPG consumption so that programs, plans, or policies can be determined in strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The stages of this research begin with calculating GHG emissions using the IPPC method and making a GHG potential map. The research results from the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions in the household-scale LPG sector in the study area ranged from 110 – 2792 tons CO2eq/year. GHG emissions in sub-urban areas are greater than in urban areas because they are influenced by population, LPG usage patterns, and income per capita.
Estimation of Extreme Rainfall over Kalimantan Island based on GPM IMERG Daily Data
Authors: Kuntoro A A , Hapsari R K , Adityawan M B , Farid M , Widyaningtias  , Radhika  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rainfall is one of the critical data for water resources infrastructure planning. In many cases in developing countries such as Indonesia, rainfall stations are not evenly distributed. In many cases, regional development occurs much faster than the improvement of hydrological measurement instruments. The plan to move the capital city of Indonesia to Kalimantan is one example. Satellites rainfall products can be utilized, especially for areas with a limited number of rainfall stations. This study examines the potential use of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite products to estimate the spatial distribution of rainfall in the Kalimantan region. Twenty years data of daily maximum rainfall from GPM satellite rainfall products in 2001-2020 were compared to twenty years data of daily maximum rainfall from 16 rainfall stations under the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), with data time spanning from the 1970s to 2020. The analysis results show a significant difference between extreme rainfall analysis computed by using station data and the satellite. The use of the correction function can increase the accuracy of the GPM rainfall product. It can be used as an alternative data source for a region with limited rainfall stations.
Study of Clean Water and Sanitation Access and Its Relationship to Waterborne and Stunting Prevalence in Bandung Regency
Authors: Kamila Putri S , Salami Indah R S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water and proper sanitation access in Bandung Regency has not covered all population. Lack of availability of water and sanitation is certainly related to public health. This research was conducted to identify clean water access in terms of quality, quantity, and continuity as well as sanitation access in Bandung Regency, and then to determine its relationship to waterborne diseases and stunting prevalence. The study was conducted in three locations representing domestic, agricultural, and industrial areas. The study collected 33 water samples for physical and microbial analysis, and questionnaires to 75 household respondents about the waterborne disease and stunting prevalence, household income levels, hygiene behaviour, mother’s education, and birth weight. The results showed clean water quality differences in those areas for parameters Total Coliform (p=0,051), temperature (p=0,044), and pH (p=0,002) as well as differences of wastewater system types (p=0,002). Factors namely clean water quantity and continuity, personal hygiene, and household income level have an association with waterborne diseases prevalence (PR>1). Whereas stunting is associated with sanitation access, personal hygiene, household income level, mother’s education, and children’s birth weight (PR>1). However, only household income level has significant relationship with stunting (p=0,005; PR=4.0; 95% CI=1.33-12). These factors should be improved to prevent waterborne disease and stunting children in the community.
Numerical Study on Connections of Replaceable Shear Link with Inserted Pins
Authors: Moestopo M , Kusumastuti D , Wibowo S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The link end plate of replaceable shear link in eccentrically braced frames has been modified with the ‘inserted-pins’ to ensure the high seismic performance and to reduce the number of bolts in its slip-critical connections. The maximum shear force in the connection is resisted by the pins, while the bolts resist the bending moment at the link-ends. Numerical work has been conducted using a non-linear ABAQUS program to study the deformation as well as the stress distribution of the shear-link and its connection elements: end plates, bolts, pins, and beam-outside the link. The results showed an adequate performance of the proposed modified shear link connections, where the end plate of the beam outside the link remained elastic as the shear-link reached 0.08 rad plastic rotation due cyclic loading.
Comparative Study in Bill of Quantity Estimates on Reinforcement Works of Pile Cap, Single Pier and Double Pier of Flyover Between Conventional Methods and BIM (Building Information Modelling)
Authors: Putra Atanasius Agri Permadi , Oei Natanael Indrawan Wiharno , Hermawan  , Hasiholan Budi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the construction materials with a high level of demand is steel rebar. Globally, the demand for steel rebar has quadrupled from 1960 to 2005—and this increase is predicted to double by 2050. In one project, steel rebar accounts for 16% to 60% of the total project budget. Therefore, if the volume of steel rebar is not estimated correctly it will have an impact on project budget wastage and swelling. The project budget wastage is indicated by the large volume of material remaining, while the budget swelling is indicated by the procurement of additional steel rebar because the material requirement is greater than the initial estimate. To minimize this, a comprehensive understanding of volume estimation is required. Currently, the method of estimating the reinforcement volume that is widely used is the conventional estimation method and the BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based estimation method. The conventional method is done manually based on the BBS (Bar Bending Schedule) as a reference. Meanwhile, the BIM-based method used in this study is the Allplan Engineering 2021 software and is a more modern estimation alternative because it is considered more practical, fast and efficient. Although these two methods are widely used, there are limitations and advantages that are taken into consideration when choosing the most appropriate method. Therefore, a study is needed to prove and compare the accuracy of the estimation of reinforcement volume between the conventional method and the BIM-based method. This study also highlights the advantages and limitations of the two methods for comparison. The conventional method is more transparent in terms of the estimation formula used because it is done manually. This can help the estimator track the estimation process to ensure the accuracy of the results. Whereas, the BIM-based estimation method is superior in terms of work automation and accuracy compared to the conventional method. Furthermore, the limitations of the conventional method are that it does not have a 3D visual model and requires a relatively long time to complete if there is a revision of the plan drawing. On the other hand, the BIM-based estimation method offers convenience in the form of data input using 3D drawings. The practical data input process is proven to provide accurate results. However, the main limitation of the BIM-based method, especially for the software used in this study, is that the estimation formula cannot be traced because it relies more on three-dimensional modeling. This causes the estimator to be unable to ensure the accuracy of the estimation results. However, this limitation may differ from other BIM software products outside of this study.
Evaluating the use of Google Maps as navigation application by identifying hazards and assessing risks using HIRA matrix
Authors: Kusumasari Wildi , Ilmi Friska M , Ellizar Estiara , Rabung Yos Y 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Google Maps as a navigation application provides route information with the shortest route or fastest travel time, but this technology has a weakness as it does not consider the suitability of road condition with the type of vehicles, therefore the choice of the routes does not accommodate traffic safety aspects. This research aims to evaluate the use of Google Maps as a navigation application by identifying hazards and assessing risks. The method used is based on an analysis using the HIRA (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment) matrix to determine the level of risk thus the step of mitigation can be executed. The data source obtained was from the results of questionnaires distributed to 1,114 respondents. As the results of analysis, it was found that 11 hazards from the usage of Google Maps came from the driver’s aspect, Google Maps feature’s aspect, and road conditions aspect. Evaluation of risks came from the three sources of hazard classified into 2 risks in the intolerable risk category and 9 risks in the tolerable risk category. After the mitigation efforts were arranged to control the risk, all risks are expected to meet the acceptable risk level. To anticipate the road traffic accident due to the usage of Google Maps, the recommendation for this navigation application is to add more features to warn the users about the road characteristics in the form of voice notification or pop up if not disturb the driver while driving and providing a specific route for truck/heavy vehicle as now the Google Maps is only available for light vehicle.
Impact analysis from visual improvement program of slums to sanitation management: case study Kampung Cibunut, Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Kusumayanti I , Defi L P , Fatimah W M , Sarli P W , Soewondo P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Visual improvement of slum settlements in urban areas is a new breakthrough to increase public awareness of sanitation management; a capital to foster community participation and ensure the sustainability of implemented sanitation program. This study identified the impact from visual improvement program of slums to the sanitation management intention and behavior of the Kampung Cibunut community using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The sampling technique used in this research is cluster random sampling. A sample size of 86 households was obtained using the Yamane formula with a confidence interval of 10%, a population of 369 households, and a cluster technique proportional to size. The research used correlational design with Likert scale questionnaire. Based on the correlation test of the Spearman method, it was found that the visual improvement has a significant correlation with the intention to treat domestic wastewater. However, the visual improvement has no significant correlation with the behavior of treating domestic wastewater, intention and behavior of paying the cost of domestic wastewater management.
Analysis of Biodegradation Characteristics Based on Visual Observation and Mass Loss Percentage in Soil Burial Test of Sustainable Geo-bag Materials as Temporary Structures in Natural Coastal Protection System
Authors: Gunawan W , Rildova  , Yuanita N , Kurniawan A , Kahdar K , Herbenita V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Coastal erosion is a significant hazard that causes heavy loss of land and damage to structures in coastal areas globally. To mitigate this problem, coastal engineers worldwide are focusing on sustainable coastal development practices. To this end, many countries are using natural protective methods, including vegetation such as mangroves. However, this practice is not without challenges; to ensure that mangroves could grow strongly required at least two years. A natural coastal protection system is the proposed solution, which combines mangrove vegetation as the main structure and geo-bag-dykes as temporary structures to solve this problem. The role of geo-bag-dykes is needed until mangrove plants mature. So, the length of time for geo-bags to degrade naturally is vital to get considered because otherwise, it will become hazardous coastal debris. Today, commonly used geo-bags are made from synthetic fibers that take a long time to degrade. Thus, this study tested alternative materials made from natural fibers, such as lyocell, kenaf, cotton, and rayon. The objective is to determine whether these alternative materials can be used as sustainable geo-bag materials or not in terms of biodegradation. Based on the soil burial test results contained in ISO 11721-1, these alternative materials degrade much faster when compared to commonly used geo-bag materials.
Assessment of water quality and challenges for vegetable irrigation in Greater Bandung Area, Indonesia
Authors: Firdayati M , Anindita R , Krisnamurti P A , Handajani M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The high demand of water mainly used for industry and domestic purposes puts pressure on water for agriculture. In addition, the change of massive land use and poor sanitation condition affect the availability of water sources and quality for irrigation. These are very important due to the increase of consumer needs for good, healthy, and safe food, especially for raw vegetables. This study identified water sources and then examined and assessed water quality for raw vegetables irrigation in Greater Bandung Area (GBA) as one of the main vegetable producers in West Java Province. This produced around 2.26-million tons of vegetables in 2019 whose harvest was distributed for local and regional consumption. The research was conducted by field surveys in four vegetable plantations having about 350 farmers, spreading over 3 regencies, Bandung City (city boundary), West Bandung Regency, and Bandung Regency. Water quality was analysed based on National Water Quality Standard Class II and other parameters such as SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio), RSC (Residual Sodium Carbonate) and %Na. Field survey showed that farmers used different water sources for agriculture, namely groundwater, springs, lake, and greywater. Assessment of water quality using Pollution Index method showed that the dominant water source was slightly polluted with pollutant parameters of conductivity, BOD, %Na, ammonia, chloride, and sulphate exceeding the standards. It showed possibility of domestic wastewater contamination to irrigation water source. Based on the measured parameters, water used for irrigation, even groundwater, was polluted and might cause potential health risk for consumer.
Groundwater salinity and its effect on elevated concentrations of other contaminants in a coastal plain: a perspective for infrastructure protection
Authors: Rusydi A F , Onodera S-I , Ioka S , Maria R , Firmansyah F , Saito M , Purwoko W , Sukmayadi D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Salinization is a serious threat to coastal groundwater because it degrades water quality and results in trace metal dissolution. Meanwhile, groundwater quality is critical for human and development, as contaminated groundwater cause a negative effect on human`s health and infrastructure. Our investigation of a specific area, Indramayu, on West Java’s north coast revealed that most groundwater samples are brackish to saline in existence. TDS concentrations in groundwater samples were predominantly in the >1,000 to nearly 30,000 mg/L range. Concentration contours were disproportionately high in the north tip area. Numerous factors contribute to the high salinity of this area, including the interaction of saline water and sediment with low-salinity groundwater and evaporation. Additionally, high TDS levels were significantly correlated with Fe2+ and Mn2+ concentrations (p < 0.001). The area’s high salinity was thought to facilitate the dissolution of trace metals from minerals such as siderite and rhodochrosite (SI of the minerals > 1). Concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ were very likely to damage the water piping system. In terms of water quality, less than 30% of samples were fit for human consumption. Finally, the government should take into account the groundwater environment when developing the area in order to protect human health and infrastructure.
Comparative of material properties between natural fibers and geo-bag synthetic fibers as sustainable material of temporary structure in natural coastal protection systems
Authors: Herbenita V , Rildova  , Yuanita N , Kurniawan A , Kahdar K , Gunawan W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The natural coastal protection system is a proposed solution to the coastal erosion problem, including in Indonesia’s coastal areas, which combines primary natural protection (vegetation such as mangroves) and temporary artificial structures as sustainable coastal development practices. The geo-bag-dike was chosen as a possible temporary structure to protect the growth of mangrove seedlings from sea waves for about two to five years before they are strong enough to prevent erosion. In today’s practice, the geo-bag-dike is made of polymeric synthetic fibers (nonwoven geo-bag), which take a relatively long time to degrade naturally. Thus, this study focused on finding sustainable alternative materials from natural fibers, such as lyocell (Tencel), kenaf, cotton, and rayon, that can be applied as the primary material of geo-bag-dikes by comparing their material properties to nonwoven geo-bag. The results of the laboratory testing method show that kenaf textile has the highest values of tensile and tearing strength, but not higher than nonwoven geo-bags (768 N, 1080 N, and 2140 N for the tensile strength of kenaf, local nonwoven geo-bag, and imported nonwoven geo-bag, respectively). Therefore, kenaf textiles have the potential as a sustainable alternative material. By extrapolating, it is necessary to increase the layer number of kenaf textiles to at least three layers of fabric to resemble the tensile strength of nonwoven geo-bags.
Palu Housing Reconstruction Process: Reviewing and Learning after the 2018 Earthquake
Authors: Pradoto R G K , Oktavianus A , Pribadi K S , Rasmawan I M A B , Wulandari L D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The strong earthquake that hit the Province of Central Sulawesi on 28 September 2018 (M7.4), followed by tsunami and liquefaction has caused many casualties, injuries as well as damages in the housing sector. In the rehabilitation and reconstruction (R&R) program, the Government policy was to provide the affected community with aid to rebuild their houses (for houses outside the red zone), the Government also will build new settlements for relocation (for houses inside the red zone), which both are expected to be more earthquake-resistant. In order to understand what happens in the field related to various issues, an investigation to study the whole processes and to document the lessons learnt from the reconstruction process is conducted in Central Sulawesi Province. One of the highlights of this study is the impact of the three types of disasters that occurred in Palu Municipality (earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction) on the housing reconstruction process after the disaster occurred. The primary field survey and Focus Group Discussion were conducted through interviews with various parties in the earthquake-affected areas to reveal the findings of problems and obstacles in the field during its two years of implementation, from 2018 to 2020. This study focuses on reviewing and learning from the post-disaster housing sector reconstruction process. The result of this study is expected to provide future lessons for the post-disaster housing reconstruction process in Indonesia and other countries.