bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Autoignition Propensity in Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Premixers Using Incompletely Stirred Reactor Network Modeling
Authors: Gkantonas Savvas , Jella Sandeep , Iavarone Salvatore , Versailles Philippe , Mastorakos Epaminondas , Bourque Gilles 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study of autoignition propensity in premixers for gas turbines is critical for their safe operation and design. Although premixers can be analyzed using reacting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with detailed autoignition chemical kinetics, it is essential to also develop methods with lower computational cost to be able to explore more geometries and operating conditions during the design process. This paper presents such an approach based on incompletely stirred reactor network (ISRN) modeling. This method uses a CFD solution of a nonreacting flow and subsequently estimates the spatial evolution of reacting scalars such as autoignition precursors and temperature conditioned on the mixture fraction, which is used to quantify autoignition propensity. The approach is intended as a “postprocessing” step, enabling the use of very complex chemical mechanisms and the study of many operating conditions. For a representative premixer of an aeroderivative gas turbine, results show that autoignition propensity can be reproduced with ISRN at highly reactive operating conditions featuring multi-stage autoignition of a dual fuel mixture. The ISRN computations are consequently analyzed to explore the evolution of reacting scalars and propose some autoignition metrics that combine mixing and chemical reaction to assist the design of premixers.
Effects of Motor Learning Interventions on Walking Performance and Physical Function in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shafizadeh Mohsen , Farina Nicolas , Parvonpour Shahab 
Published: August 2022

Older adults with cognitive impairment have deficits in executive systems that affect their gait automaticity. The aim of the meta-analysis and systematic review was to examine the effects of interventions focus on only motor learning principles on gait performance and physical functions (e.g., dynamic balance). After inspections of 879 articles, 11 relevant studies were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The PEDro scale and Modified Downs and Black checklist were used to assess the quality of studies, and a random-effect model was used at a 95% confidence interval for calculating pooled effect sizes. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed that motor learning interventions increased gait speed, cadence, stride length, and reduced gait cognitive cost but did not affect gait variability and physical function. In conclusion, practitioners should pay attention more to the potential benefits of motor learning interventions in rehabilitating older adults with cognitive impairment.
A Baltimore Benevolence Thing? American Philanthropy, Neoliberal Fitness, and the Persistence of “Colorblind” Racial Silencing
Authors: Mower Ronald L. 
Published: August 2022

Drawing upon 3 years of fieldwork with a nonprofit fitness education development program targeting “at-risk” Baltimore youth, this article examines pedagogical barriers rooted in the perceived, and materially experienced, differences of race, gender, class, and culture. Set within the confines of increasingly privatized spaces of fitness/health in a starkly divided Baltimore, MD, this study demonstrated how interventions were rooted in a self-congratulatory and neocolonial benevolence—steeped in a largely unacknowledged form of neoliberal individualism—which routinely denied and silenced impacts of racism. Observations of instructor–student interaction revealed substantial disconnects concerning definitions of the body, fitness, and significance of race in health disparities, resulting in student refusal and program cessation. Given the power dynamics between white fitness-philanthropists and Black youth, the author, as active participant–observer, occupied a liminal space where considerations of authenticity and immersion became critical.
Substandard and falsified antibiotics: neglected drivers of antimicrobial resistance?
Authors: Zabala Guillermo A , Bellingham Khonsavath , Vidhamaly Vayouly , Boupha Phonepasith , Boutsamay Kem , Newton Paul N , Caillet Céline 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat with substandard and falsified (SF) antibiotics being neglected contributing factors. With their relationships poorly understood, more research is needed in order to determine how interventions to reduce SF antibiotics should be ranked as priorities in national AMR action plans. We assessed the evidence available on the global prevalence of SF antibiotics, examined the quality of the evidence and discussed public health impact.Materials/MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Google and Google Scholar for publications on antibiotic quality up to 31 December 2020. Publications reporting on the prevalence of SF antibiotics were evaluated for quantitative analysis and assessed using the Medicines Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines.ResultsOf the 10 137 screened publications, 648 were relevant to antibiotic quality. One hundred and six (16.4%) surveys, published between 1992 and 2020 and conducted mainly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) (89.9% (480/534) of the data points), qualified for quantitative analysis. The total number of samples tested for quality in prevalence surveys was 13 555, with a median (Q1–Q3) number of samples per survey of 47 (21–135). Of the 13 555 samples, 2357 (17.4%) failed at least one quality test and the median failure frequency (FF) per survey was 19.6% (7.6%–35.0%). Amoxicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin were the most surveyed antibiotics, with FF of 16.1% (355/2208), 26.2% (329/1255) and 10.4% (366/3511), respectively. We identified no SF survey data for antibiotics in the WHO ‘Reserve’ group. The mean Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines score was 11 (95% CI 10.1 to 12.2) out of 26.ConclusionsSF antibiotics are widely spread with higher prevalence in LMICs. The quality of the evidence is poor, and these data are not generalisable that 17.4% of global antibiotic supply is SF. However, the evidence we have suggests that interventions to enhance regulatory, purchasing and financial mechanisms to improve the global antibiotic supply are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019124988.
Association of objective and subjective socioeconomic markers with cognitive impairment among older adults: cross-sectional evidence from a developing country
Authors: Muhammad T , Sekher TV , Srivastava Shobhit 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis study explored how various markers of objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with cognitive impairment among older Indian adults.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted using large nationally representative survey data.Setting and participantThis study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017–2018). The sample included 31 464 older adults aged 60 years and above.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcome variable was cognitive impairment, measured through broad domains of memory, orientation, arithmetic function, and visuo-spatial and constructive skills. We estimated descriptive statistics and presented cross-tabulations of the outcome. Χ2test was used to evaluate the significance level of differences in cognitive impairment by subjective (ladder) and objective SES measures (monthly per-capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) quintile, education and caste status). Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to fulfil the objectives.ResultsA proportion of 41.7% and 43.4% of older adults belonged to low subjective (ladder) and objective (MPCE) SES, respectively. Older adults with low subjective (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.04; p<0.05) and objective SES (aOR: 1.32; p<0.05) had higher odds of having cognitive impairment in comparison with their counterparts, with a stronger subjective SES–cognitive impairment association. Older adults with lower education or belonged to lower caste had higher odds of cognitive impairment than their counterparts. Interaction analyses revealed that older adults who belonged to lower subjective and objective (poorest MPCE quintile, Scheduled Castes and lowest education) SES had 2.45 (CI: 1.77 to 3.39), 4.56 (CI: 2.97 to 6.98) and 54.41 (CI: 7.61 to 388.93) higher odds of cognitive impairment than those from higher subjective and objective SES, respectively.ConclusionSubjective measures of SES were linked to cognitive outcomes, even more strongly than objective measures of SES; considering the relative ease of obtaining such measures, subjective SES measures are a promising target for future study on socioeconomic indicators of cognitive impairment.
Current pesticide suicide surveillance methods used across the African continent: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Brassell Maxine , Karunarathne Ayanthi , Utyasheva Leah , Eddleston Michael , Konradsen Flemming , Rother Hanna-Andrea 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionEvery year, more than 800 000 people die from suicides of which an estimated 20% are from pesticide ingestion. Multiple studies have estimated that around 77%–80% of these pesticide suicides occur in low/middle-income countries. The full burden of pesticide suicides in African countries remains poorly documented, one reason being the lack of systematic data collection. It is essential to know the number of pesticide suicide cases to guide prevention of further cases occurring. This can be done by informing policy and legislation, and the implementation of targeted bans, as well as raising community awareness around the use of these pesticides, training of healthcare personnel, and influencing the type and level of clinical facility investments into this area of healthcare. The scoping review aims to investigate how pesticide suicide deaths in Africa are recorded by exploring the various surveillance systems in place, as well as highlighting key limitations and data collection barriers.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be carried out with the five-stage methodological frameworks set out by Arksey and O’Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute. Studies in English that looked at pesticide suicide in African countries will be extracted and screened independently by two reviewers against the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review. Studies’ data will be extracted, and a descriptive synthesis developed of their main findings, as guided by the approach of Levac and colleagues.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this review as no human participants will be involved. The study findings will be distributed in a peer-reviewed publication.Registration detailsThis protocol has been submitted for publication to BMJ Open.
Real-world clinical outcomes with avelumab in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma treated in the USA: a multicenter chart review study
Authors: Bhatia Shailender , Nghiem Paul , Veeranki S Phani , Vanegas Alejandro , Lachance Kristina , Tachiki Lisa , Chiu Kevin , Boller Emily , Bharmal Murtuza 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive, cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasm with annual incidence rates of 0.13–1.6 cases/100,000/year worldwide as of 2018. Chemotherapy for metastatic MCC (mMCC) has high objective response rates (ORRs), but responses are not durable and overall survival (OS) is poor. Avelumab (anti-programmed death-ligand 1) has demonstrated meaningful survival benefit and durable responses in clinical trials for mMCC. This study investigated real-world clinical outcomes in avelumab-treated patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) MCC in US academic medical centers.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with advanced MCC who initiated avelumab between March 1, 2017, and July 31, 2019, at six US academic centers. Data were requested for eligible patients from index date through December 31, 2020. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess demographic and clinical characteristics, real-world ORR (rwORR), real-world duration of response, real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), and OS.ResultsNinety patients with advanced MCC (82%, stage IV; 18%, stage IIIB) received avelumab. Median follow-up was 20.8 months (95% CI: 19.1 to 24.2). Median age was 68 years (range, 48–83), and the majority of patients were men (58%) and white (93%). The primary tumor was most commonly located on the lower limb (38%), with metastases mostly located in lymph nodes (68%), lung (52%), and viscera (52%). Approximately 42% and 26% of patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 and 3, respectively. Seventy-three patients (81%) received avelumab as first-line treatment of advanced MCC, while 17 (19%) received avelumab as second-line or later treatment. The median duration of avelumab treatment was 13.5 months (95% CI: 6.4 to 30.6), with 42% of patients still receiving avelumab by the end of follow-up. Patients with avelumab treatment had an rwORR of 73% (95% CI: 64 to 83), median rwPFS of 24.4 months (95% CI: 8.31 to not estimable (NE)), and median OS of 30.7 months (95% CI: 11.2 to NE).ConclusionsThis real-world study of patients with advanced MCC demonstrated that avelumab treatment resulted in a high response rate with durable responses and prolonged survival. The study findings validate the results demonstrated in prospective clinical trials and other observational studies.
Colon Cancer Metastasis to the Right Testis: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kasahara Mizuki , Shimizu Tomo , Aoki Hiroshi , Okawa Mizuho , Yamabe Fumito , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nagao Koichi , Nakajima Koichi , Mitsui Yozo 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. A metastatic testicular tumor is uncommon. We report here a case of testicular metastasis associated with recurrent colorectal cancer. Case Presentation. A 75-year-old male was presented with right scrotum pain one year after undergoing a right hemicolectomy combined with resection of the small intestine and omentum for ascending colon cancer (pT4N0M0). Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showed a

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cm mass consisting of a cystic solid tumor. A right inguinal orchiectomy was performed and right testicular pain improved after surgery. Pathology results showed that the tumor was a metastatic adenocarcinoma. The patient subsequently died two months later due to progression of the colon cancer. Conclusion. Although colorectal cancer metastasis to the testis is very uncommon, it should be kept in mind in clinical situations, especially for older males with a testicular mass or discomfort.
Hyperventilation in Patients Who Have Sustained Myocardial Infarction after a Work Injury
Authors: Rosen Stuart D , King Jenny C , Nixon Peter G F 
Published: August 2022

Patients who present with acute myocardial infarction after a work injury (AMI-WI) often report symptoms consistent with chronic hyperventilation which date back as far as the work injury itself, rather than to the AMI. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that hyperventilation significantly contributes to the symptoms of AMI-WI patients. The prevalence of hyperventilation was assessed by clinical capnography in 12 AMI-WI patients, 20 normal controls, 15 AMI patients whose AMI was conventional and not subsequent to a work injury (AMI-C) and 14 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO2) was measured at rest, after 1 min hyperventilation (FHPT), after recall of the relevant stressor (Think) and when the breathing was felt to be normal (MBIN). PetCO2 levels after FHPT were: 29.0±1.5 (mean±SD) mmHg for AMI-WI; 26.7±1.9 mmHg for PTSD; 32.1± 4.1mmHg for AMI-C and 33.7±1.4 mmHg for the controls ( P< 0.05 and P< 0.01 for AMI-WI and PTSD, respectively, versus controls). After Think, the levels were 25.8±1.6 mmHg for AMI-WI, 24.6±1.4 mmHg for PTSD, 31.2±4.1mmHg for AMI-C and 31.2± 1.5 mmHg for normals ( P<0.05 and P<0.01 for AMI-WI and PTSD, respectively, versus controls). For MBIN, values of PetCO2 were 26.8±1.7 mmHg and 26.7±1.5mmHg for AMI-WI and PTSD versus 33.8±1.2 mmHg for normals, ( P< 0.01 for both versus controls). Ten AMI-WI and 12 PTSD were positive for hyperventilation versus four AMI-C patients and four controls ( P< 0.01). The implications for rehabilitation, compensation and pathophysiology of AMI-WI are discussed, both from a medical-scientific perspective and in terms of admissible legal evidence.
Tranexamic Acid Utilization in Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Salameh Motasem , Attia Ahmed Khalil , El Khatib Suhaib , Hantouly Ashraf , Hsu Raymond , Blankenhorn Brad 
Published: August 2022

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been widely used in various orthopaedic subspecialities to decrease blood loss, transfusions, and wound complications. However, the role of TXA in foot and ankle surgery is not clearly delineated. This meta-analysis aims to report the efficacy and safety of TXA in relation to foot and ankle surgical procedures. Methods: Database searches were conducted for eligible studies from data inception through January 2022. Clinical studies on the use of TXA in foot and ankle procedures reporting the desired outcomes were included. Outcomes were estimated blood loss, change in hemoglobin, and overall complications. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 752 foot and ankle procedures were included, in which 511 (67.95%) procedures received TXA whereas 241 (32.05%) served as controls and did not receive TXA. The pooled data of change in hemoglobin and overall complications showed no difference between the TXA and control group. Estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the patients who received TXA. Conclusion: In conclusion, TXA use was associated with lower estimated blood loss in foot and ankle surgeries without increased risk of thromboembolic events, wound complications, or changes in hemoglobin. Level of Evidence: Level IV, meta-analysis.
Aversive Self-Focus and Alcohol Consumption Behavior in Women with Sexual Identity-Uncertainty: Changes in Salivary Cortisol Stress Response Among Those who Drink-to-Cope
Authors: Talley Amelia E. , Harris Breanna N. , Le Tran H. , Hohman Zachary P. 
Published: August 2022

Background Individuals who report sexual identity-uncertainty are at-risk for heavy alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder symptomology. The current study examined the impact of states of aversive self-focus on subsequent consumption of ostensibly alcohol-containing beverages among a sample of women in early adulthood with varying levels of sexual identity-uncertainty ( N = 75). Methods Utilizing a 2 ( self-focus: negative vs. neutral) × 2 ( attribution for any psychological discomfort: external vs. none given) between-subjects design with 3 within-person assessments of salivary cortisol, both a moderation model and mixed-effects general linear model were tested. Results States of aversive self-focus caused increases in overall consumption among women higher in sexual identity-uncertainty. Findings suggested consumption of ostensibly alcohol-containing beverages was more likely among women higher in sexual identity-uncertainty who also reported consuming beverages to cope with distress. Among women who reported higher levels of sexual identity-uncertainty and drinking-to-cope motives, salivary cortisol concentrations dampened more quickly over time, as they supposedly consumed alcohol. Conclusion Findings demonstrate that, among women reporting sexual identity-uncertainty who are motivated to consume alcohol to forget about troubles or worries, situations which evoke states of aversive self-focus may contribute to differences in alcohol consumption in early adulthood.
Tombstoneite, a new mineral from Tombstone, Arizona, USA, with a pinwheel-like Te6+O3(Te4+O3)3 cluster
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Mills Stuart J. , Housley Robert M. , Ma Chi , Thorne Brent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe new mineral tombstoneite (IMA2021-053), (Ca0.5Pb0.5)Pb3Cu2+6Te6+2O6(Te4+O3)6(Se4+O3)2(SO4)2⋅3H2O, occurs at the Grand Central mine in the Tombstone district, Cochise County, Arizona, USA, in cavities in quartz matrix in association with jarosite and rodalquilarite. Tombstoneite crystals are green pseudohexagonal tablets, up to 100 μm across and 20 μm thick. The mineral has a pale green streak and adamantine lustre. It is brittle with irregular fracture and a Mohs hardness of ~2½. It has one perfect cleavage on {001}. The calculated density is 5.680 g cm–3. Optically, the mineral is uniaxial (–) and exhibits pleochroism: O = green, E = light yellow green; O > E. The Raman spectrum exhibits bands consistent with Te6+O6, Te4+O3, Se4+O3 and SO4. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula (Ca0.51Pb0.49)Σ1.00Pb3.00Cu2+5.85Te6+2.00O6(Te4+1.00O3)6(Se4+0.69Te4+0.24S0.07O3)2(S1.00O4)2⋅3H2O. Tombstoneite is trigonal, P321, a = 9.1377(9), c = 12.2797(9) Å, V = 887.96(18) Å3 and Z = 1. The structure of tombstoneite (R1 = 0.0432 for 1205 I > 2σI) contains thick heteropolyhedral layers comprising Te6+O6 octahedra, Jahn-Teller distorted Cu2+O5 pyramids, Te4+O3 pyramids and Se4+O3 pyramids. Pb2+ cations without stereoactive 6s2 lone-pair electrons are hosted in pockets in the heteropolyhedral layer. Pb2+ cations, possibly with stereoactive 6s2 lone-pair electrons, are located in the interlayer region along with SO4 tetrahedra and H2O groups. Within the heteropolyhedral layer, the Te6+O6 octahedra and the Te4+O3 pyramids form finite Te6+O3(Te4+O3)3 clusters with a pinwheel-like configuration. This is the first known finite complex including both Te4+ and Te6+ polyhedra in any natural or synthetic tellurium oxysalt structure.
COVID-19 infection and its impact on case fatality in patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Hobohm Lukas , Sagoschen Ingo , Barco Stefano , Farmakis Ioannis T. , Fedeli Ugo , Koelmel Sebastian , Gori Tommaso , Espinola-Klein Christine , Münzel Thomas , Konstantinides Stavros , Keller Karsten 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAlthough a high prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) has been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients, nationwide data on the outcome of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and PE are still limited. Thus, we investigated seasonal trends and predictors of in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19 and PE in Germany.MethodsWe used a German nationwide inpatient sample to analyse data on hospitalisations among COVID-19 patients with and without PE during 2020, and to detect changes in PE prevalence and case fatality in comparison with 2019.ResultsWe analysed 176 137 COVID-19 hospitalisations in 2020; PE was recorded in 1.9% (n=3362) of discharge certificates. Almost one-third of patients with COVID-19 and PE died during the in-hospital course (28.7%) compared with COVID-19 patients without PE (17.7%). Between 2019 and 2020, numbers of PE-related hospitalisations were largely unchanged (98 485versus97 718), whereas the case fatality rate of PE increased slightly in 2020 (from 12.7% to 13.1%; p<0.001). Differences in case fatality were found between PE patients with and without COVID-19 in 2020 (28.7%versus12.5%; p<0.001), corresponding to a 3.1-fold increased risk of PE-related death (OR 3.16, 95% CI 2.91–3.42; p<0.001) in the presence of COVID-19.ConclusionsIn Germany, the prevalence of PE events during hospitalisations was similar in 2019 and 2020. However, the fatality rate among patients with both COVID-19 and PE was substantially higher than that in those with only one of these diseases, suggesting a life-threatening additive prognostic impact of the COVID-19–PE combination.