bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief humanistic counselling with an adolescent client experiencing obsessive‐compulsive difficulties: A theory‐building case study
Authors: Ralph Stuart , Cooper Mick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundobsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, debilitating psychological condition. To date, there has been no published research exploring brief humanistic counselling as an intervention for OCD. This study presents a case study of an adolescent client with obsessive‐compulsive difficulties (‘Sunil’) receiving school‐based humanistic counselling.Aims(a) To test humanistic counselling for an adolescent client experiencing obsessive‐compulsive difficulties; (b) to help improve brief humanistic counselling in its approach to working with adolescent clients experiencing obsessive‐compulsive difficulties.MethodThis research used a mixed methods theory‐building case study, based on a rich case record.ResultsThe brief counselling did not reduce Sunil's obsessive‐compulsive difficulties. The core conditions were delivered in sessions, and the counselling allowed for the client to share traumatic memories and build peer relationships. However, the counselling did not seem to be directive at targeting Sunil's obsessive‐compulsive difficulties, and the silence in sessions was experienced by the client as awkward.ImplicationsFurther research should be conducted investigating the therapeutic and problematic aspects of brief humanistic counselling for OCD. These include an in‐depth look at the impact of silence on the young person, integration of process‐guiding tools and the counsellor not enabling compulsive in‐session rituals.
A Convenient and Stable Heterogeneous Nickel Catalyst for Hydrodehalogenation of Aryl Halides Using Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Leonard David K. , Ryabchuk Pavel , Anwar Muhammad , Dastgir Sarim , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHydrodehalogenation is an effective strategy for transforming persistent and potentially toxic organohalides into their more benign congeners. Common methods utilize Pd/C or Raney‐nickel as catalysts, which are either expensive or have safety concerns. In this study, a nickel‐based catalyst supported on titania (Ni‐phen@TiO2‐800) is used as a safe alternative to pyrophoric Raney‐nickel. The catalyst is prepared in a straightforward fashion by deposition of nickel(II)/1,10‐phenanthroline on titania, followed by pyrolysis. The catalytic material, which was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS, consists of nickel nanoparticles covered with N‐doped carbon layers. By using design of experiments (DoE), this nanostructured catalyst is found to be proficient for the facile and selective hydrodehalogenation of a diverse range of substrates bearing C−I, C−Br, or C−Cl bonds (>30 examples). The practicality of this catalyst system is demonstrated by the dehalogenation of environmentally hazardous and polyhalogenated substrates atrazine, tetrabromobisphenol A, tetrachlorobenzene, and a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE).
Quantifying the capacity for contemporary trait changes to drive intermittent predator–prey cycles
Authors: van Velzen Ellen , Gaedke Ursula , Klauschies Toni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA large and growing body of theory has demonstrated how the presence of trait variation in prey or predator populations may affect the amplitude and phase of predator–prey cycles. Less attention has been given to so‐called intermittent cycles, in which predator–prey oscillations recurrently disappear and re‐appear, despite such dynamics being observed in empirical systems and modeling studies. A comprehensive understanding of the conditions under which trait changes may drive intermittent predator–prey dynamics, as well as their potential ecological implications, is therefore missing. Here we provide a first systematic analysis of the eco‐evolutionary conditions that may give rise to intermittent predator–prey cycles, investigating 16 models that incorporate different types of trait variation within prey, predators, or both. Our results show that intermittent dynamics often arise through predator–prey coevolution, but only very rarely when only one trophic level can adapt. Additionally, the frequency of intermittent cycles depends on the source of trait variation (genetic variation or phenotypic plasticity) and the genetic architecture (Mendelian or quantitative traits), with intermittency occurring most commonly through Mendelian evolution, and very rarely through phenotypic plasticity. Further analysis identified three necessary conditions for when trait variation can drive intermittent cycles. First, the intrinsic stability of the predator–prey system must depend on the traits of prey, predators, or both. Second, there must be a mechanism causing the recurrent alternation between stable and unstable states, leading to a “trait” cycle superimposed on the population dynamics. Finally, these trait dynamics must be significantly slower than the predator–prey cycles. We show how these conditions explain all the abovementioned patterns. We further show an important unexpected consequence of these necessary conditions: they are most easily met when intraspecific trait variation is at high risk of being lost. As trait diversity is positively associated with ecosystem functioning, this can have potentially severe negative consequences. This novel result highlights the importance of identifying and understanding intermittent cycles in theoretical studies and natural systems. The new approach for detecting and quantifying intermittency we develop here will be instrumental in enabling future study.
How accurate is citizen science? Evaluating public assessments of coastal water quality
Authors: Gunko Ruslan , Rapeli Lauri , Scheinin Matias , Vuorisalo Timo , Karell Patrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCitizen science is changing society's contribution to research projects worldwide. Non‐experts are no longer just spectators, they are active participants and supporters of scientific work. Using citizen science, that is, data collected by laypeople, the opportunities to collect large‐scale data on the environment are increasing. Such community‐based and citizen scientific approaches can provide useful tools as local people can be trained to accurately take measurements that can be used in scientific studies. However, little is known about how well volunteer‐based non‐standard subjective assessments of the environment based on prior experience only and no training compare with scientifically measured estimates of that environment. In this paper, we tested how well measures of coastal water quality assessed by local inhabitants corresponds with objective water quality data collected using scientific instruments. Our results showed that over 70% of the respondents assessed water quality in the right direction and almost 60% were correct in their estimates. We found that socio‐demographic factors affect the assessments, but do not markedly improve reliability. We conclude that simple questionnaires can be used to assess general coastal water quality.
Investigation on the effect of the flow passage geometry of diesel injector nozzle on injection process parameters and engine performances
Authors: Markov Vladimir , Sa Bowen , Kamaltdinov Vyacheslav , Neverov Vsevolod , Zherdev Anatoly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the paper, the method based on optimization of flow passage geometry of diesel injector nozzle to improve the quality of fuel injection and atomization process has been studied. Designs of injector nozzles have been developed to enhance the quality of these processes. These nozzles’ feature is the implementation of local hydraulic resistances—different grooves on the needle tip, which enhance the flow turbulence in the nozzle's flow passage. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to study the effect of the nozzle flow passage geometry on parameters of fuel flow, such as mass flow rate, velocity, turbulence, and cavitation. The influence of local hydraulic resistances on the needle tip over these parameters has been evaluated. The optimal geometry of the grooves has been chosen. Experimental studies of a four‐cylinder diesel engine D‐243 equipped with injectors with serial and modified nozzles have been carried out. The possibility of improving the fuel efficiency and emission performances by using the modified nozzles has been confirmed. At the maximum power condition, the use of the modified nozzles reduced the brake‐specific fuel consumption from 275.2 to 270.4 g/(kW∙h) (by 1.7%) and reduced exhaust smoke from 23.5% to 12.5% on the Hartridge scale (by 46.8%). However, at the same time, the emission of NOx increased from 1743 to 1923 ppm (by 10.3%). Moreover, there was a tendency to decrease the content of CO and unburned HC in the exhaust gases.
Hydration patterns of rings in drugs and relationship to lipophilicity: A DFT study
Authors: Haritha Mambatta , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRings are one of the major scaffold components of drugs in medicinal chemistry, due to their unique electronic distribution, scaffold rigidity, and three‐dimensionality while lipophilicity is considered as a vital parameter of rings that can influence the reactivity, metabolic stability, and toxicity. We have analyzed the electronic features, hydration patterns, solvation effect and lipophilicity data for 51 most widely used ring systems in drugs. Molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) topology analysis has been used to assess the electronic distribution in rings which provided an easy interpretation of the most suitable hydration patterns of the ring with H2O molecule. Further, the global minimum of ring…H2O complex has been utilized to predict lipophilicity (logP) with the incorporation of implicit solvation effect. Classification of ring systems based on their molecular weight into four categories, viz. small ring ‘sr’, medium ring ‘mr’, large ring ‘lr’ and extra large ring ‘xlr’ systems has led to the finding of strong correlations between logP and hydration energy withR = 0.942, 0.933, 0.968 and 0.933, respectively. The micro solvation model is found to be useful for locating the hydrophobic‐hydrophilic border for each category of rings in terms of hydration energy whereas the implicit solvation model used for two solvents, n‐octanol and water on the most stable hydrated structure led to a global correlation between logP and solvation energy ratio. This correlation predicts a limiting logP value −7.03 for the most hydrophilic ring system and also suggests a clear partitioning of the ring molecules into hydrophobic and hydrophilic classes. The MESP topology‐guided approach to understand the electronic features and hydration patterns of rings in drugs lead to powerful predictions on their lipophilicity behavior.
Dental education practices during COVID‐19: A scoping review
Authors: Kerkstra Robin L. , Rustagi Khyati A. , Grimshaw Alyssa A. , Minges Karl E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionDental education was brought to a halt with the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). Traditional dental education comprised students working closely with instructors in a clinical laboratory setting; however, public health precautions necessitated a shift to a virtual learning platform. A scoping review of dental education practices since the start of the pandemic will help to understand approaches instructors have taken to provide dental education during this unprecedented time and suggest future applications of virtual learning in dental education.MethodsWe performed an exhaustive scoping literature search of primary peer‐reviewed intervention articles published between December 2019 and April 2021 using the following databases: Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Library, Embase, ERIC, LitCovid, MedEdPortal, MedRxiv, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. The selection process included two independent reviewers through each phase of review. Articles were categorized and analyzed by domain.ResultsA total of 629 articles were identified; after titles and abstracts were reviewed, 66 articles were selected for full‐text review. Following full‐text review, 41 articles met eligibility criteria and comprised our study sample. Articles were arranged within domains of assessment, instruction, instructional technology, and software. The advantages to online dental education included improved accessibility, willingness to accept new assessment techniques, and lower anxiety levels. Barriers included problems with technology, classroom time management, lack of student interaction, and absence of hands‐on training.ConclusionEvidence suggests emerging best practices in dental education during COVID‐19, and recommendations for the future of virtual and distance learning in dental education.
Functional morphology of cardiac stomach of Nile catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Histological, scanning, and ultrastructural studies
Authors: Mokhtar Doaa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study was done on 20 adult specimens of Nile catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to demonstrate the morphological characteristics of the cardiac region of the stomach. The cardiac mucosa was characterized by a large number of well‐defined long folds. The surface epithelial cells were simple columnar type covered with distinct microvilli and connected by desmosomes. Few PAS‐ and AB‐ positive goblet cells were found between the surface epithelium. In addition, many lymphocytes, macrophages, and blood capillaries were seen in the epithelial layer. The lamina propria was exclusively occupied by simple branched gastric (cardiac) glands that fill most of the thickness of the mucosa and open into gastric pits. The gastric glands were composed of numerous secretory tubules that were lined with one type of cells with a cytoplasm containing numerous electron‐dense granules, well‐developed rER, mitochondria, and a large number of free ribosomes. Moreover, macrophages were distributed in the lamina propria and submucosa. Telocytes were observed in the cardiac region for the first time around the glands, blood vessels, between the muscular layer, and in the serosa. A large number of mast cells could be identified in the submucosa around the blood vessels. The presence of many immune cells in the wall of the cardiac stomach suggests involvement in immune response in addition to its digestive function.Research highlightsThe study exposed many cell types in the wall of the cardiac stomach of Nile catfish including mast cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils that suggests an involvement in the immune response. The current study is the first one to highlight the distribution of telocytes in the fish stomach.
Predicting sequence and structural features of effective piRNA target binding sites
Authors: Singh Garima , Mallick Bibekanand 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPiwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA) targets are usually identified through base pairing between the piRNA seed region and complementary bases on the target mRNAs, which often results in false predictions. Cross‐linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) study emerges as a promising method that enables accurate identification of PIWI‐clade‐based targets containing RNA‐binding sites. In the present study, we have analyzed the piRNA‐target CLIP‐Seq datasets to uncover the additional characteristic features of piRNA targets. We studied important sequence and structural features using IP+ and IP− set targets that might enhance the accuracy of target site predictions. Analysis has revealed substantial enrichment of AU in target sites as well as in and around the 30 nts upstream and downstream of target sites in IP+ set relative to IP− set that might be contributing to lowering the minimal folding energy of target sites of IP+ set that might be easing the base pairing between piRNA and their targets. We have also found a lower MFE threshold (en) and higher miRanda score for piRNA targets. Interestingly, we have found that majority of the target sites are residing within 3′UTR, suggesting 3′UTR as a preferential target site like that of miRNA targets. Thus, we hypothesize that our findings on additional key features of piRNA target sites might be valuable in identifying the potential targets of piRNA accurately, which will aid in decrypting their functional importance.
Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: A comparison of two modeling approaches
Authors: Huber Kayla A. , Frazier Patricia A. , Alper Howard E. , Brackbill Robert R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have analyzed longitudinal data on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) from individuals who were proximal to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11) in an attempt to identify different trajectories of mental health in the years following mass trauma. The results of these studies have been heterogeneous, with researchers who used latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) tending to identify four trajectories and those who used group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM) identifying five to seven trajectories. Given that no study has applied both GBTM and LGMM to their data, it remains unknown which modeling approach and what number of trajectories best fit post‐9/11 PTSS data. The present study aimed to address that question by applying both LGMM and GBTM to data from the largest sample of survivors to date, comprising 37,545 New York City community members. When analyzing four waves of PTSS, reflecting participants’ mental health up to 15 years post‐9/11, LGMM fit the data better than GBTM. Our optimal solution consisted of four trajectories: low‐stable (72.2% of the sample), decreasing (12.8%), increasing (9.5%), and high‐stable (5.5%) symptoms. Covariate analyses indicated that economic factors (i.e., having a household income less than $25,000 and experiencing job loss due to 9/11) increased the odds of belonging to the high‐stable symptom trajectory group to the greatest degree, ORs = 4.93–6.08. The results suggest that providing financial support, including affordable mental health care, could be an important intervention in the wake of future mass traumatic events.
Imaginal exposure processing during Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders using Prolonged Exposure (COPE) therapy: Examination of linguistic markers of cohesiveness
Authors: Gandelman Erin M. , Miller Steven A. , Back Sudie E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConcurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders Using Prolonged Exposure (COPE) is an integrated, evidence‐based treatment that results in significant reductions in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) severity. Emotional processing theory suggests that successful prolonged exposure–based treatments should result in more cohesive trauma narratives due to better integration and organization of trauma memory into cognitive conceptualizations of fear. Therefore, we hypothesized that language used by patients would become more cohesive over time and increased language cohesion would be related to larger reductions in PTSD and SUD outcomes. Broadly, language cohesion refers to several linguistic devices that help establish and cohere meaning throughout spoken and written discourse (e.g., increased use of transition words like “and,” “then,” and “but”). This was the first known study to examine changes in language related to both PTSD and SUD severity during COPE treatment. The sample included 28 military veterans with current comorbid PTSD/SUD enrolled in a larger COPE study. A text analysis program, Coh‐Metrix, was used to analyze language cohesiveness. No language cohesion variables significantly changed over time. Narrativity levels significantly moderated change in PTSD outcomes, = 0.11. Adversative connectives significantly moderated change in SUD outcomes, = 0.26. The findings illuminate potential processes underlying successful COPE treatment. Less use of language conveying a narrative and more use of contrast‐indicative words (e.g., but, whereas) was associated with larger reductions in PTSD and SUD outcomes during treatment. These results contribute to the extant literature on associations between trauma exposure, language, and emotional processing.
The Application of Crown‐Chin Length to Crown‐Rump Length Ratio in Predicting Fetal Skeletal Dysplasia at First Trimester
Authors: Li Yingsi , Zhou Hang , Yang Xin , Li Dongzhi , Can Liao 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the feasibility of using crown‐chin length (CCL) to crown‐rump length (CRL) ratio in screening for skeletal dysplasia in the first trimester.MethodsFour hundred and eighteen singleton pregnant women were recruited and the ratio of CCL to CRL was calculated according to gestational age. Fetuses with skeletal dysplasia were collected from database in the last 10 years. The CCL/CRL ratios were then calculated and the unpaired Student's t‐test was to determine the significance of differences between normal fetuses and fetuses with skeletal dysplasia. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to show the clinical sensitivity and specificity.ResultsIn 418 normal fetuses, CCL increased linearly with gestation from a mean of 20 mm at 11+0 weeks to 37 mm at 13+6 weeks (CCL [mm] = 0.51–4 CRL, R2 = 0.824, P = .000). There was also a significant linear association between fetal CCL/CRL ratio and CRL, from a mean of 0.48 at 11+0 weeks to 0.41 at 13+6 weeks (CCL/CRL = 0.63–3 CRL, R2 = 0.108, P = .000). In 154 skeletal dysplasia cases, early pregnancy ultrasound images were available in only 16 cases. The CCL/CRL ratio in 10 of 16 fetuses with skeletal dysplasia was above the 95th percentile. Using the 95th percentile as a cut‐off, the detection rate, specificity, false‐positive rate, and positive likelihood ratio are 62.5, 72.6, 5, and 17.5%, respectively.ConclusionsIncreased fetal CCL/CRL ratio at 11–14 weeks' gestation is associated with an increased risk of skeletal dysplasia and may be useful in first‐trimester screening for this condition.
Molecular dynamic simulation study of tribological mechanism of PI composites reinforced by CNTs with different orientations
Authors: Xu Mingkun , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei , Tao Liming , Li Song 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe tribological models of polyimide (PI) reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different orientations were constructed via a molecular dynamic simulation. The variation of PI molecular chains and frictional interface properties were explored for understanding microscopic tribological mechanism of different oriented CNTs. The average friction coefficients of PI composites reinforced by X‐, Y‐, and Z‐oriented CNTs were 0.242, 0.270, and 0.243. Meanwhile, the abrasion rates of XCNT, YCNT, and ZCNT were 11.5% 34.8%, and 28.0%, respectively. The atomic concentration, interfacial temperature and shear strength of XCNT and ZCNT were higher than those of YCNT. The radial distribution function was simulated and interpreted during the friction process to determine the inherent interaction between PI molecular chains and CNTs with specific orientations.
Paradoxien beim Hören
Authors: Sieroka Norman , Uppenkamp Stefan 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Auseinandersetzung mit auditorischen Merkwürdigkeiten und Ambiguitäten ist nicht nur unterhaltsam, sie ist auch ein wichtiger Treiber für die auditorische Grundlagenforschung. Der gleiche akustische Reiz kann tatsächlich auf unterschiedliche Weisen wahrgenommen werden. Wir hören eben nicht nur „mit den Ohren“, sondern diverse weitere physikalische, physiologische und auch kulturelle Faktoren spielen eine wichtige Rolle. Damit ergeben sich direkt auch breitere philosophische Fragestellungen beispielsweise zur Wahrnehmung – und auch der anhaltende Reiz von Musikstücken beruht an vielen Stellen auf solchen Ambiguitäten [13].