bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive control training enhances the integration of intrinsic functional networks in adolescents
Authors: Lee Raihyung , Kwak Seyul , Lee Dasom , Chey Jeanyung 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionWe have demonstrated that intensive cognitive training can produce sustained improvements in cognitive performance in adolescents. Few studies, however, have investigated the neural basis of these training effects, leaving the underlying mechanism of cognitive plasticity during this period unexplained.MethodsIn this study, we trained 51 typically developing adolescents on cognitive control tasks and examined how their intrinsic brain networks changed by applying graph theoretical analysis. We hypothesized that the training would accelerate the process of network integration, which is a key feature of network development throughout adolescence.ResultsWe found that the cognitive control training enhanced the integration of functional networks, particularly the cross-network integration of the cingulo-opercular network. Moreover, the analysis of additional data from older adolescents revealed that the cingulo-opercular network was more integrated with other networks in older adolescents than in young adolescents.DiscussionThese findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cognitive control training may speed up network development, such that brain networks exhibit more mature patterns after training.
White matter abnormalities in the Hdc knockout mouse, a model of tic and OCD pathophysiology
Authors: Jindachomthong Kantiya , Yang Chengran , Huang Yuegao , Coman Daniel , Rapanelli Maximiliano , Hyder Fahmeed , Dougherty Joseph , Frick Luciana , Pittenger Christopher 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAn inactivating mutation in the histidine decarboxylase gene (Hdc) has been identified as a rare but high-penetrance genetic cause of Tourette syndrome (TS). TS is a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by recurrent motor and vocal tics; it is accompanied by structural and functional abnormalities in the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry. Hdc, which is expressed both in the posterior hypothalamus and peripherally, encodes an enzyme required for the biosynthesis of histamine. Hdc knockout mice (Hdc-KO) functionally recapitulate this mutation and exhibit behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities that parallel those seen in patients with TS.Materials and methodsWe performed exploratory RNA-seq to identify pathological alterations in several brain regions in Hdc-KO mice. Findings were corroborated with RNA and protein quantification, immunohistochemistry, and ex vivo brain imaging using MRI.ResultsExploratory RNA-Seq analysis revealed, unexpectedly, that genes associated with oligodendrocytes and with myelin production are upregulated in the dorsal striatum of these mice. This was confirmed by qPCR, immunostaining, and immunoblotting. These results suggest an abnormality in myelination in the striatum. To test this in an intact mouse brain, we performed whole-brain ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which revealed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the dorsal striatum.DiscussionWhile the DTI literature in individuals with TS is sparse, these results are consistent with findings of disrupted descending cortical projections in patients with tics. The Hdc-KO model may represent a powerful system in which to examine the developmental mechanisms underlying this abnormality.
Impact of aging on food consumption in rural China: Implications for dietary upgrading and health improvement
Authors: Gao Ming , Wu Bi , Jin Wencheng , Wei Jiashuo , Wang Jiwen , Li Jinkai 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe issue of population aging in rural China is getting profound; nevertheless, its impact on food consumption has not been well evaluated. This study aims to examine the relationship between rural aging and family food consumption in rural China.Materials and methodsUsing the statistical yearbook data and the nationally representative household-level data from the China Rural Fixed Observation Points, this study compares the evolution of food consumption between rural and urban residents from 1985 to 2020 and analyzes the structure of food consumption expenditure of rural residents. Next, this study further investigates the impact of aging on food consumption in rural households with ordinary least squares.Results(1) The principal foods consumed by rural residents in 2020 are meat and meat products (36.8%), grain (24.5%), and vegetables (10.9%). (2) An increase in older adults has decreased the absolute consumption of all foods, while it increased relative consumption of meat and meat products, aquatic products, edible oil and fats, poultry, eggs, and sugar. (3) Due to differences in the structure of young adults’ food consumption, older adults would increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables if they lived with younger adults.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that rural older adults may increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables by advocating intergenerational cohabitation while maintaining their intake of protein to achieve a balanced dietary structure and improve their health condition.
Gamma-glutamyl-leucine levels are causally associated with elevated cardio-metabolic risks
Authors: Wu Qiong , Li Jiankang , Zhu Jinghan , Sun Xiaohui , He Di , Li Jun , Cheng Zongxue , Zhang Xuhui , Xu Yuying , Chen Qing , Zhu Yimin , Lai Maode 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveGamma-glutamyl dipeptides are bioactive peptides involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose regulation. Gamma-glutamyl-leucine (Gamma-Glu-Leu) has been extensively reported to be associated with the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. However, the causality remains to be uncovered. The aim of this study was to explore the causal-effect relationships between Gamma-Glu-Leu and metabolic risk.Materials and methodsIn this study, 1,289 subjects were included from a cross-sectional survey on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in eastern China. Serum Gamma-Glu-Leu levels were measured by untargeted metabolomics. Using linear regressions, a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) for Gamma-Glu-Leu was conducted to seek its instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). One-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to evaluate the causality between Gamma-Glu-Leu and the metabolic risk.ResultsFour SNPs are associated with serum Gamma-Glu-Leu levels, including rs12476238, rs56146133, rs2479714, and rs12229654. Out of them, rs12476238 exhibits the strongest association (Beta = −0.38, S.E. = 0.07 in discovery stage, Beta = −0.29, S.E. = 0.14 in validation stage, combined P-value = 1.04 × 10–8). Each of the four SNPs has a nominal association with at least one metabolic risk factor. Both rs12229654 and rs56146133 are associated with body mass index, waist circumference (WC), the ratio of WC to hip circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride (5 × 10–5 &lt; P &lt; 0.05). rs56146133 also has nominal associations with fasting insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance index (5 × 10–5 &lt; P &lt; 0.05). Using the four SNPs serving as the instrumental SNPs of Gamma-Glu-Leu, the MR analyses revealed that higher Gamma-Glu-Leu levels are causally associated with elevated risks of multiple cardio-metabolic factors except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionFour SNPs (rs12476238, rs56146133, rs2479714, and rs12229654) may regulate the levels of serum Gamma-Glu-Leu. Higher Gamma-Glu-Leu levels are causally linked to cardio-metabolic risks. Future prospective studies on Gamma-Glu-Leu are required to explain its role in metabolic disorders.
Efficacy and safety of Shenfu injection for the treatment of post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yanhua , Li Shuang , Li Zunjiang , Mo Zhaofan , Luo Ziqing , Li Dongli , Wang Dawei , Zhu Wei , Ding Banghan 
Published: November 2022

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the adjuvant effect and safety of Shenfu injection (SFI) on the treatment of post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure (PAMIHF).Methods: Seven databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) associated with SFI and PAMIHF treatment from May 1990 to May 2022. Primary outcomes included NT-proBNP and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and secondary outcomes included total effective rate, BNP, heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and adverse event (AE). The risk of bias evaluation was assessed by the ROB2 tool, meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were conducted by RevMan5.3 software, and the Grade of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence of meta results.Results: A total of 36 studies with 3231 PAMIHF patients were included. The meta results suggested that adjuvant SFI therapy was superior to conventional medical therapy alone. It improved the total effective rate [RR = 1.33; 95% CI (1.25.1.40); p &lt; 0.00001], increased LVEF [SMD = 0.98; 95% CI (0.71, 1.24); p &lt; 0.00001], and decreased HR [SMD = −1.14; 95% CI (−1.28, −0.99); p &lt; 0.00001]. In addition, adjuvant SFI therapy (9.73%, 66/678) had a rate of AE lower than that of conventional medical therapy alone (21.7%, 147/677) when regarding safety [RR = 0.45; 95% CI (0.35, 0.57); p &lt; 0.00001]. The quality of the evidence for the outcomes was rated from “very low” to “moderate.”Conclusion: Adjuvant SFI therapy was safer to improve the total effective rate and the heart function of PAMIHF patients. However, well-designed RCTs were needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of adjuvant SFI therapy in PAMIHF treatment due to the low quality of the evidence for the outcomes caused by a small sample size and unclear risk of bias existed in included studies.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=151856), identifier CRD42020151856.
Medication non-adherence and associated factors among older adult stroke survivors in China
Authors: Cao Wenjing , Kadir Azidah Abdul , Wang Juan , Hu Lin , Wen Linlan , Yu Mei , Peng Liqun , Chen Lanying , Luo Na , Hassan Intan Idiana 
Published: November 2022

Aim: Medication non-adherence has remained a common and costly global health issue of growing importance among older adults. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors related to medication non-adherence among older adult stroke survivors in China.Methods and results: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 402 older adult stroke survivors were recruited from three tertiary hospitals in China. The results of the survey showed that 61.4% exhibited medication non-adherence. The chances of medication non-adherence among older adult stroke survivors who had primary school or less educational levels were higher than those who had senior secondary and junior college educational levels [OR (95% CI) = 0.440(0.249, 0.778)] as well as those who had a bachelor’s degree or above educational levels [OR (95%CI) = 0.367(0.202, 0.667)]. Moreover, the probability of medication non-adherence with 4–5 and ≥6 types of total prescription medications per day increased by 1.993 times [OR (95% CI) = 1.993(1.190, 3.339))] and 2.233 times [OR (95%CI) = 2.233(1.159, 4.300)], respectively, as compared to when there were ≤3 types. Furthermore, medication non-adherence decreased with the increase in health literacy scores (β = −0.641 (95% CI; (0.913, 0.965)) and BMQ specific-necessity scores (β = −0.131 (95% CI; 0.806, 0.995)). On the other hand, when the BMQ specific-concerns score increased by one unit, medication non-adherence increased by 11.1% [OR (95% CI) = 1.111(1.044, 1.182)].Conclusion: The present study found that patient medication adherence among older adult stroke survivors in China is problematic and associated with educational levels, total prescribed drugs per day, beliefs about medication, and health literacy scores. This indicates that measures should be taken to enhance medication adherence among such higher-risk populations.
Adenosine reduces sinoatrial node cell action potential firing rate by uncoupling its membrane and calcium clocks
Authors: Wirth Ashley N. , Tsutsui Kenta , Maltsev Victor A. , Lakatta Edward G. 
Published: November 2022

The spontaneous action potential (AP) firing rate of sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC) is regulated by a system of intracellular Ca2+ and membrane ion current clocks driven by Ca2+-calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase-protein kinase-A signaling. The mean AP-cycle length (APCL) and APCL variability inform on the effectiveness of clock coupling. Endogenous ATP metabolite adenosine binds to adenosine receptors (A1, A3) that couple to Gi protein-coupled receptors, reducing spontaneous AP firing rate via Gβγ signaling that activates IKAch,Ado. Adenosine also inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity via Gαi signaling, impacting cAMP-mediated protein kinase-A-dependent protein phosphorylation. We hypothesize that in addition to IKAch,Ado activation, adenosine impacts also Ca2+via Gαi signaling and that both effects reduce AP firing rate by reducing the effectiveness of the Ca2+ and membrane clock coupling. To this end, we measured Ca2+ and membrane potential characteristics in enzymatically isolated single rabbit SANC. 10 µM adenosine substantially increased both the mean APCL (on average by 43%, n = 10) and AP beat-to-beat variability from 5.1 ± 1.7% to 7.2 ± 2.0% (n = 10) measured via membrane potential and 5.0 ± 2.2% to 10.6 ± 5.9% (n = 40) measured via Ca2+ (assessed as the coefficient of variability = SD/mean). These effects were mediated by hyperpolarization of the maximum diastolic membrane potential (membrane clock effect) and suppression of diastolic local Ca2+releases (LCRs) (Ca2+-clock effect): as LCR size distributions shifted to smaller values, the time of LCR occurrence during diastolic depolarization (LCR period) became prolonged, and the ensemble LCR signal became reduced. The tight linear relationship of coupling between LCR period to the APCL in the presence of adenosine “drifted” upward and leftward, i.e. for a given LCR period, APCL was prolonged, becoming non-linear indicating clock uncoupling. An extreme case of uncoupling occurred at higher adenosine concentrations (&gt;100 µM): small stochastic LCRs failed to self-organize and synchronize to the membrane clock, thus creating a failed attempt to generate an AP resulting in arrhythmia and cessation of AP firing. Thus, the effects of adenosine to activate Gβγ and IKACh,Ado and to activate Gαi, suppressing adenylyl cyclase activity, both contribute to the adenosine-induced increase in the mean APCL and APCL variability by reducing the fidelity of clock coupling and AP firing rate.
Salicylic acid improves Nasturtium officinale phytoremediation capability for cadmium-contaminated paddy soils
Authors: Zheng Yangxia , Zhang Ran , Zhu Ying , Ao Qiaoman , Liu Han , Li Aihui , Lin Lijin , Wang Li 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionCadmium (Cd) contamination is a severe problem in paddy soils that has affected crops’ safety. The present study aimed at remediating Cd-contaminated paddy soil by improving the phytoremediation capability of aquatic accumulator plants.MethodsWe conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on the growth and Cd phytoremediation capability of the aquatic accumulator plant Nasturtium officinale.ResultsSA with the concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg/L increased the root and shoot biomass of N. officinale, while only 150 mg/L increased the chlorophyll a and b contents. SA increased the activities of peroxidase and catalase of N. officinale to a great extent, but decreased the superoxide dismutase activity and soluble protein content. SA also increased the root Cd content, shoot Cd content, root Cd extraction, and shoot Cd extraction to a large extent. At concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg/L, SA increased the shoot Cd extraction by 17.59%, 47.16%, and 43.27%, respectively, compared with the control. Moreover, SA concentration had a quadratic polynomial regression relationship with the root Cd extraction and shoot Cd extraction. The correlation and grey relational analyses revealed that root Cd extraction, shoot biomass, and root biomass were closely associated with shoot Cd extraction of N. officinale.ConclusionThus, our results suggest that SA promoted the growth and improved the phytoremediation (extraction) capability of N. officinale, and 150 mg/L SA was the most suitable concentration.
A high-quality genome assembly and annotation of Quercus acutissima Carruth
Authors: Liu Dan , Xie Xiaoman , Tong Boqiang , Zhou Chengcheng , Qu Kai , Guo Haili , Zhao Zhiheng , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Li Wei , Li Wenqing 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionQuercus acutissima is an economic and ecological tree species often used for afforestation of arid and semi-arid lands and is considered as an excellent tree for soil and water conservation.MethodsHere, we combined PacBio long reads, Hi-C, and Illumina short reads to assemble Q. acutissima genome.ResultsWe generated a 957.1 Mb genome with a contig N50 of 1.2 Mb and scaffold N50 of 77.0 Mb. The repetitive sequences constituted 55.63% of the genome, among which long terminal repeats were the majority and accounted for 23.07% of the genome. Ab initio, homology-based and RNA sequence-based gene prediction identified 29,889 protein-coding genes, of which 82.6% could be functionally annotated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis were differentiated around 3.6 million years ago, and showed no evidence of species-specific whole genome duplication.ConclusionThe assembled and annotated high-quality Q. acutissima genome not only promises to accelerate the species molecular biology studies and breeding, but also promotes genome level evolutionary studies.
Relations between bedtime parenting behaviors and temperament across 14 cultures
Authors: Pham Christie , Desmarais Eric , Jones Victoria , French Brian F. , Wang Zhengyan , Putnam Samuel , Casalin Sara , Linhares Maria Beatriz Martins , Lecannelier Felipe , Tuovinen Soile , Heinonen Kati , Raikkonen Katri , Montirosso Rosario , Giusti Lorenzo , Park Seong-Yeon , Han Sae-Young , Lee Eun Gyoung , Huitron Blanca , de Weerth Carolina , Beijers Roseriet , Majdandžić Mirjana , Gonzalez-Salinas Carmen , Acar Ibrahim , Slobodskaya Helena , Kozlova Elena , Ahmetoglu Emine , Benga Oana , Gartstein Maria A. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe present study examined parental sleep-supporting practices during toddlerhood in relation to temperament across 14 cultures. We hypothesized that passive sleep-supporting techniques (e.g., talking, cuddling), but not active techniques (e.g., walking, doing an activity together), would be associated with less challenging temperament profiles: higher Surgency (SUR) and Effortful Control (EC) and lower Negative Emotionality (NE), with fine-grained dimensions exhibiting relationships consistent with their overarching factors (e.g., parallel passive sleep-supporting approach effects for dimensions of NE).MethodsCaregivers (N= 841) across 14 cultures (M = 61 families per site) reported toddler (between 17 and 40 months of age; 52% male) temperament and sleep-supporting activities. Utilizing linear multilevel regression models and group-mean centering procedures, we assessed the role of between- and within-cultural variance in sleep-supporting practices in relation to temperament.ResultsBoth within-and between-culture differences in passive sleep-supporting techniques were associated with temperament attributes, (e.g., lower NE at the between-culture level; higher within-culture EC). For active techniques only within-culture effects were significant (e.g., demonstrating a positive association with NE). Adding sleep-supporting behaviors to the regression models accounted for significantly more between-culture temperament variance than child age and gender alone.ConclusionHypotheses were largely supported. Findings suggest parental sleep practices could be potential targets for interventions to mitigate risk posed by challenging temperament profiles (e.g., reducing active techniques that are associated with greater distress proneness and NE).
“I'm too old for this!”: A prospective, multilevel study of job characteristics, age, and turnover intention
Authors: Christensen Jan Olav , Knardahl Stein 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionDeciding to leave a job is often foreshadowed by burgeoning job dissatisfaction, which is in turn often attributed to characteristics of the job and work environment. However, while we know that job characteristics influence job satisfaction, health, and motivation, their associations with turnover intention is less clear. Moreover, despite aging workforces, an understanding of how working conditions influence workers across the lifespan is lacking. Therefore, drawing on job design theories and bridging turnover- and aging research, we studied 15 specific job characteristics to determine whether they predicted turnover intentions, and whether the predictive value was modified by age.MethodsData were collected from various public and private enterprises in Norway. Moderated multilevel regressions were conducted cross-sectionally (N = 12,485) and prospectively over 2 years (N = 5,504).ResultsMost work factors were associated with turnover intention at both the individual and work unit levels. A social climate of support, trust, and encouragement was most strongly inversely associated with turnover intentions, while role conflict was most strongly positively associated with turnover intentions. Organizational climate, leadership styles, and job control were more important with age while job demands, predictability and role stressors were more important to younger workers. Ten individual level- and four work-unit level factors predicted turnover intentions prospectively, suggesting turnover intentions due to poor working conditions persisted in employees that did not quit.DiscussionOur results highlight several specific, modifiable job characteristics that are likely to affect turnover intentions, and the impact of certain factors specifically for older workers.