bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The regulatory genewblAis a target of the orphan response regulatorOrrAinStreptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Zhu Yanping , Wang Xinyuan , Zhang Jing , Ni Xue , Zhang Xia , Tao Meifeng , Pang Xiuhua 
Published: April 2022

SummaryOur previous study using transposon mutagenesis indicated that disruption of the putative response regulator geneorrAimpacted antibiotic production inStreptomyces coelicolor. In this study, the role of OrrA was further characterized by comparing the phenotypes and transcriptomic profiles of the wild‐typeS.coelicolorstrain M145 and ΔorrA, a strain with an inactivatedorrAgene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation using a strain expressing OrrA fused with FLAG showed that OrrA binds the promoter ofwblA, whose expression was downregulated in ΔorrA. The interaction of OrrA with thewblApromoter was further validated by a pull‐down assay. Similar to ΔorrA, the deletion mutant ofwblA(ΔwblA) was defective in development, and developmental genes were expressed at similar levels in ΔorrAand ΔwblA. Although both OrrA and WblA downregulated actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin, their roles in regulation of the calcium‐dependent antibiotic and yellow‐pigmented type I polyketide differed.sco1375, a gene of unknown function, was identified as another OrrA target, and overexpression of either sco1375orwblAin ΔorrApartially restored the wild‐type phenotype, indicating that these genes mediate some of the effects of OrrA. This study revealed targets of OrrA and provided more insights into the role of the orphan response regulator OrrA inStreptomyces.
Life history of oysters influences Vibrio parahaemolyticus accumulation in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Sorée Marion , Delavat François , Lambert Christophe , Lozach Solen , Papin Mathias , Petton Bruno , Passerini Delphine , Dégremont Lionel , Hervio Heath Dominique 
Published: April 2022

SummaryVibrio parahaemolyticus infection in humans is associated with raw oyster consumption. Evaluation of V. parahaemolyticus presence in oysters is of most interest because of the economic and public health issues that it represents. To explore V. parahaemolyticus accumulation and depuration in adult Crassostrea gigas, we developed a GFP‐tagged V. parahaemolyticus strain (IFVp201‐gfp+), as well as a rapid and efficient quantification method in C. gigas oysters haemolymph by flow cytometry. Impact of the life history of C. gigas on accumulation and depuration of V. parahaemolyticus IFVp201 was subsequently investigated. We found that naive oysters, i.e. grown in controlled facilities with UV treated seawater, accumulated significantly more IFVp201 than environmental oysters, i.e. grown in intertidal environment. We hypothesized that environmental oysters could have been immune primed, thus could limit V. parahaemolyticus accumulation. Meanwhile, both naive and environmental oysters had similar depuration rates.
Our Man in Madrid: Bullfighting Enters the Political Arena
Authors: Wheeler Duncan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFour bullfighters stood as MPs in the April 2019 Spanish general elections: Miguel Abellán and Salvador Vega for the PP; and Serafín Martín and Pablo Ciprés for Vox. None was elected, although Abellán and Martín came close. The former's allegiance was rewarded with his political appointment by the PP's Isabel Díaz Ayuso as Director‐General of Madrid's Centre for Taurine Activities. Bullfighters throwing their hats into the political arena is inextricably linked to the escalation of Spain's cultural wars and critically interrogating the ongoing controversies surrounding the future of bullfighting constitutes a privileged lens through which to view increasingly visible fissures in the post‐Franco constitutional order. Using archival materials and ethnographic research alongside an interview conducted with Abellán, this article explores the interrelationship of bullfighting with the Catalan secessionist vote as well as its currency in the struggle between Vox and the PP for the conservative vote.
Intergenerational wealth transfers in Great Britain from the Wealth and Assets Survey in comparative perspective
Authors: Nolan Brian , Palomino Juan C. , Van Kerm Philippe , Morelli Salvatore 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWealth surveys that collect information on intergenerational transfers provide new scope for comparative study of those transfers and their relationship with wealth across rich countries. However, this is problematic in the case of Great Britain, due to specific features of the Wealth and Assets Survey (WAS), the central source of survey‐based household wealth data, in particular the extent of missing information in its first wave. This has severely constrained efforts to investigate patterns of wealth transfer in Great Britain in comparative perspective. In this paper, we set out these issues and present ways of dealing with them. On this basis, we then examine the main similarities and differences in patterns of intergenerational transmission of wealth between Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United States. Our findings reveal common features across these countries as well as some important respects in which Great Britain was distinctive, though less of an outlier than the US. About 35 per cent of British households reported receiving an intergenerational wealth transfer at some point, similar to most of the comparator countries but much higher than the US. We conclude by setting out how WAS can be enhanced to address these issues at source, proposals with which the Office for National Statistics is seriously engaged.
The effect of pill mill legislation on suicides
Authors: Fernandez Jose M. , Jayawardhana Jayani 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of pill mill legislation on suicides and drug‐related suicides in the United States.Data SourcesWe use state‐level restricted use mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System for the period 2000–2016, along with state level sociodemographic data from the US Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics and opioid‐related state health policy data from publicly available sources for the analysis.Study DesignThe analyses use a difference‐in‐differences regression approach.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsPublicly available secondary data were collected and merged with restricted use mortality data files from the National Vital Statistics System for the analysis.Principal FindingsOur results show that pill mill legislation is associated with an 8.5% (p < 0.01) reduction in the drug related suicide rate, a 4.9% (p < 0.05) reduction in suicides among females, and a 4.7% (p < 0.05) reduction in suicides among individuals between age 45 and 64 years.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that pill mill legislation has been effective in reducing total suicides among females in the age group 45–64, and drug‐related suicides in the population resulting in 658 fewer drug‐related suicides for a given year if pill mill laws are adopted by every state.
Effects of artificial diet on the biological characteristics of the ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Hongling , Wu Xinglong , Xiao Kejun , He Hengguo , Huang Qiong , Pu Deqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus is an important natural enemy of aphids, scale insects, whitefly, and lepidopteran larvae. Mass rearing of this natural enemy is limited due to the lack of effective artificial feed. We compared the biological performance of C. septempunctata, reared on four artificial diets (A, B, C, and D), while the pea aphid Aphis craccivora served as a control treatment (CK). Results showed that the developmental time before emergence ranked from short to long follow as: CK (12.30d)<D (16.66d)<A (17.38d)<C (17.54d)<B (18.57d). The eclosion rate of larvae ranked from high to low follow as: CK (90.00%) > C (87.50%) = D (87.50%) > B (80.00%) > A (57.50%), and new adult weight from high to low follow as: CK (339.50 g*0.0001) > A (205.33 g*0.0001) > D (197.68 g*0.0001) > B (174.89 g*0.0001) > C (169.46 g*0.0001). The ratios of fecundity between the experimental group and the control group were 80.46% (A), 39.24% (B), 45.31% (C), and 53.02% (D). The hatch rates were 59.50% (A), 46.00% (B), 57.65% (C), 54.50% (D), and 53.88% (CK). The mortality of C. septempunctata adults fed on a combined artificial diet was higher than those fed on the control diet. Compared to the control diet, C. septempunctata did not significantly reduce oviposition when fed on artificial diet A. Therefore, diet A can be used in mass‐rearing of C. septempunctata.
Single utility port approach in robot‐assisted sleeve segmentectomy for bronchial carcinoid tumor
Authors: Liu Ao , Zhao Yandong , Qiu Tong , Xuan Yunpeng , Qin Yi , Sun Xiao , Xu Rongjian , Du Wenxing , Jiao Wenjie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBronchial carcinoid tumors are low‐grade malignant and lung‐sparing surgery is preferred for the removal of these tumors. We describe a surgical technique of robot‐assisted sleeve segmentectomy via single utility port approach with three robotic arms. This operation was performed in an aged patient with decreased pulmonary function, whose carcinoid tumor was located at the origin of the right superior segmental bronchus. A 1.5‐cm incision was performed in the eighth intercostal space of the midaxillary line and another 4‐cm incision was made in the fifth intercostal space of the anterior axillary line. Postoperative recovery of the patient was smooth without postoperative complications.
Habitus, mobilized
Authors: DONALDSON EMILY C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTAs humanity struggles with the onslaught of climate change and our uncertain future, we find ourselves facing the same kinds of resource challenges that island populations have known for centuries. In the case of postsettler societies, responsible environmental stewardship must engage with Indigenous understandings of knowledge and the world. I make this argument by critiquing Bourdieu's theory of habitus and engaging with colonization's long history of influencing, though not quite obliterating, precolonial ontologies and epistemologies. In the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia, these understandings take the form of an Indigenous habitus that blends precolonial and colonial spaces, forming the basis of resistance to power inequalities. There and across the globe, recognizing and working with this kind of practice‐based habitus is essential to protecting threatened natural and cultural resources. [habitus,resources,land use,colonialism,ontology,mana,resistance,Indigenous peoples,Oceania]
Returning home: The role of expectations in re‐entry adaptation
Authors: Geeraert Nicolas , Ward Colleen , Hanel Paul H. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReturning home after a study abroad experience can be challenging. In the current research, we examine the discrepancy between adaptation expectations and experience in a longitudinal sojourner study (N = 1319; Mage = 17 years; 70% female). Returnees adaptation expectations were assessed prior to returning home, followed by post return measures of adaptation experiences and general well‐being. Overall, returnees reported higher levels of re‐entry adaptation than anticipated. According to the accuracy hypothesis, unmet expectations will be associated with lower well‐being. In contrast, the directional hypothesis suggests that unmet expectations will negatively impact on well‐being, but only if the expectation is undermet. Well‐being on return was regressed on pre‐travel adaptation expectations and adaptation experience on re‐entry. Polynomial regression and Response Surface Analyses were conducted for two outcome variables (stress and satisfaction with life), two types of adaptation (psychological and sociocultural), and at different time points (approximately 2 weeks and 6 months after return). Results consistently show that larger discrepancies were associated with lower well‐being for negative mismatches (when expectations were undermet). For positive mismatches, if adaptation was better than expected, well‐being was higher. Congruence between expectation and experience were not associated with well‐being. Thus, across analyses, results supported a directional hypothesis.
Fire‐released seed dormancy ‐ a global synthesis
Authors: Pausas Juli G. , Lamont Byron B. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTSeed dormancy varies greatly between species, clades, communities, and regions. We propose that fireprone ecosystems create ideal conditions for the selection of seed dormancy as fire provides a mechanism for dormancy release and postfire conditions are optimal for germination. Thus, fire‐released seed dormancy should vary in type and abundance under different fire regimes. To test these predictions, we compiled data from a wide range of fire‐related germination experiments for species in different ecosystems across the globe. We identified four dormancy syndromes: heat‐released (physical) dormancy, smoke‐released (physiological) dormancy, non‐fire‐released dormancy, and non‐dormancy. In fireprone ecosystems, fire, in the form of heat and/or chemical by‐products (collectively termed ‘smoke’), are the predominant stimuli for dormancy release and subsequent germination, with climate (cold or warm stratification) and light sometimes playing important secondary roles. Fire (heat or smoke)‐released dormancy is best expressed where woody vegetation is dense and fires are intense, i.e. in crown‐fire ecosystems. In such environments, seed dormancy allows shade‐intolerant species to take advantage of vegetation gaps created by fire and synchronize germination with optimal recruitment conditions. In grassy fireprone ecosystems (e.g. savannas), where fires are less intense but more frequent, seed dormancy is less common and dormancy release is often not directly related to fire (non‐fire‐released dormancy). Rates of germination, whether controls or postfire, are twice as fast in savannas than in mediterranean ecosystems. Fire‐released dormancy is rare to absent in arid ecosystems and rainforests. The seeds of many species with fire‐released dormancy also possess elaiosomes that promote ant dispersal. Burial by ants increases insulation of seeds from fires and places them in a suitable location for fire‐released dormancy. The distribution of these dormancy syndromes across seed plants is not random – certain dormancy types are associated with particular lineages (phylogenetic conservatism). Heat‐released dormancy can be traced back to fireprone floras in the ‘fiery’ mid‐Cretaceous, followed by smoke‐released dormancy, with loss of fire‐related dormancy among recent events associated with the advent of open savannas and non‐fireprone habitats. Anthropogenic influences are now modifying dormancy‐release mechanisms, usually decreasing the role of fire as exaptive effects. We conclude that contrasting fire regimes are a key driver of the evolution and maintenance of diverse seed dormancy types in many of the world's natural ecosystems.
Ethnicity on top of social class? Inclusion and diversity in access to higher education degrees in Europe (1950–2010)
Authors: Goastellec Gaële 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe massification of higher education has been an important development across education systems in Europe over the second half of the 20th century. Nurtured by political, economic and social goals, including the improvement of social justice in education and beyond, massification has been associated with inclusion as a goal of higher education systems. Generally, it has been construed as the realisation of a democratic project. This article reports on a study that examined the extent to which higher education systems effectively have moved towards a better inclusion of the various social groups composing national populations. Based on a quantitative analysis using data from the European Social Survey, this article presents an assessment of the level of inequalities in access to higher education degrees by employing indicators that are traditionally used by countries participating in the survey (gender, socio‐economic background) and indicators that are not as widely shared (ethnic belonging, religion) in order to offer an original and comprehensive analysis of the extent to which national social diversities are represented in higher education. A comparison of three generations (born 1930–1949, 1950–1964 and 1965–1979) shows a development of decreasing inequality between the first two generations, but a slowing or interruption of this development in the 1980s. Also, the effect of social belongings on educational trajectories became more complex. The importance of ethnic belonging increased, underscoring the importance to consider ethnicity in addition to socio‐economic dimensions in sociological research. The study outcomes highlight differences in individual country trajectories in relation to the geopolitical reconfiguration of political territories.
Cooperation increases robustness to ecological disturbance in microbial cross‐feeding networks
Authors: Oña Leonardo , Kost Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms mainly exist within complex networks of ecological interactions. Given that the growth and survival of community members frequently depend on an obligate exchange of essential metabolites, it is generally unclear how such communities can persist despite the destabilising force of ecological disturbance. Here we address this issue using a population dynamics model. In contrast to previous work that suggests the potential for obligate interaction networks to emerge is limited, we find the opposite pattern: ecological disturbance favours both specific network topologies and cooperative cross‐feeding among community members. These results establish environmental perturbations as a key driver shaping the architecture of microbial interaction networks.
Protracted course progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Couto Blas , Martinez‐Valbuena Ivan , Lee Seojin , Alfradique‐Dunham Isabel , Perrin Richard J. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Cruchaga Carlos , Kim Ain , Visanji Naomi , Sato Christine , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Lang Anthony E. , Kovacs Gabor G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) encompasses a broader range of disease courses than previously appreciated. The most frequent clinical presentations of PSP are Richardson syndrome (RS) and PSP with a predominant Parkinsonism phenotype (PSP‐P). Time to reach gait dependence and cognitive impairment have been proposed as prognostic disease milestones. Genetic polymorphisms in TRIM11 and SLC2A13 genes have been associated with longer disease duration (DD).MethodsMethods used include retrospective chart review, genetic single nucleotide polymorphism analyses (in three cases), and neuropathology.ResultsWe identified four cases with long (>10–15 years) or very long (>15 years) DD. Stage 1 PSP tau pathology was present in two cases (one PSP‐P and one undifferentiated phenotype), whereas pallidonigroluysian atrophy (PSP‐RS) and Stage 4/6 (PSP‐P) PSP pathology were found in the other two cases. Three cases were homozygous for the rs564309‐C allele of the TRIM11 gene and the H1 MAPT haplotype. Two were heterozygous for rs2242367 (G/A) in SLC2A13, whereas the third was homozygous for the G‐allele.ConclusionsWe propose a protracted course subtype of PSP (PC‐PSP) based on clinical or neuropathological criteria in two cases with anatomically restricted PSP pathology, and very long DD and slower clinical progression in the other two cases. The presence of the rs564309‐C allele may influence the protracted disease course. Crystallizing the concept of PC‐PSP is important to further understand the pathobiology of tauopathies in line with current hypotheses of protein misfolding, seeding activity, and propagation.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of Portuguese university students
Authors: Sequeira Carlos , Araújo Odete , Lourenço Tânia , Freitas Otília , Carvalho José Carlos , Costa Patrício 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWorldwide, the COVID‐19 pandemic has had a disruptive effect on daily routines, especially for university students. This study aimed to compare pre‐pandemic domains of students' mental health during the pandemic lockdown. One cross‐sectional study was conducted in two waves with academic students from 20 Portuguese universities, in March 2020 before the COVID‐19 pandemic (n = 3579) and 2 months after the first lockdown in May 2020 (n = 1228). The Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ), the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire, the Mental Health‐promoting knowledge, and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale were used. Statistical analyses were performed by bivariate associations and multiple linear regression models. Students were mostly women (79%), with an average age of 23.2 years (SD = 6.6), displaced from their family environment (43%), out‐of‐home (43%), and scholarship holders (37%). Higher scores found in the PVS were associated with decreased PMHQ in both moments (P < 0.01). These cross‐sectional studies showed a slight variation in the mental health variables studied in the period before and during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Being a woman, younger, out‐of‐home, and having a scholarship (P < 0.01) seem to increase susceptibility to mental health variation before and during the pandemic. Universities should develop strategies that promote students’ mental health.
Dislocation loop evolution in Kr‐irradiated ThO2
Authors: He Lingfeng , Yao Tiankai , Bawane Kaustubh , Jin Miaomiao , Jiang Chao , Liu Xiang , Chen Wei‐Ying , Mann J. Matthew , Hurley David H. , Gan Jian , Khafizov Marat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe early stage of microstructural evolution of ThO2, under krypton irradiation at 600, 800, and 1000°C, was investigated using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dislocation loops grew faster, whereas their number density decreased with increasing irradiation temperature. Loop density was found to decrease with ion dose. Interstitial dislocation loops, including Frank loops with Burgers vector of a/3〈111〉 and perfect loops with Burgers vector of a/2〈110〉, were determined by traditional TEM and atomic resolution–scanning TEM techniques. Atomistic and mesoscale level modeling are performed to interpret experimental observations. The migration energy barriers of defects in ThO2 were calculated using density‐functional theory. The energetics of different dislocation loop types were studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Loop density and diameter were analyzed using a kinetic rate theory model that considers stoichiometric loop evolution. This analysis reveals that loop growth is governed by the mobility of cation interstitials, whereas loop nucleation is determined by the mobility of anion defects. Lastly, a rate theory model was used to extract the diffusion coefficients of thorium interstitials, oxygen interstitials, and vacancies.