bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Assessment and Treatment In Decompensated Aortic Stenosis (ASTRID-AS study)- A pilot study
Authors: Patel Kush P , Mukhopadhyay Sumanto , Bedford Kerry , Richards Rhian , Queenan Helen , Jerrum Melanie , Banton Judy , Ozkor Mick , Mathur Anthony , Kennon Simon , Baumbach Andreas , Mullen Michael J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Acute decompensated aortic stenosis (ADAS) is common and associated with higher mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI) and longer hospital length of stay (LoS) compared with electively treated stable AS. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a dedicated pathway that reduces time to transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in ADAS, hypothesizing that LoS can be reduced without compromising patient safety.

Methods and results
Using a prospective, open label, cluster design, patients from 5 referring centres were allocated to the ASessment and TReatment In Decompensated Aortic Stenosis (ASTRID-AS) pathway where the diagnosis, referral, investigations and treatment of ADAS were prioritised and expedited. 15 hospitals remained on the conventional pathway that followed the same process, albeit according to a waiting list. The primary efficacy endpoint was hospital LoS and the secondary safety endpoint, a composite of death or AKI at 30 days post-TAVI. 58 conventional patients and 25 ASTRID-AS patients were included in this study. Time to TAVI in the conventional vs. ASTRID-AS cohort was 22 (15–30) vs. 10 (6–12) days; P &lt; 0.001, respectively. Length of hospital stay was 24 (18–33) vs. 13 (8–18) days; P &lt; 0.001, respectively. 13.4 bed days were saved per patient using the ASTRID-AS pathway. Secondary safety endpoint occurred in 12 (20.7%) vs. 1 (4.0%) patients; P = 0.093, respectively. Procedural complications were similar between the two cohorts.

Conclusion
A dedicated pathway for ADAS that shortens time to TAVI demonstrated reduced hospital LoS without compromising patient safety and a trend towards improving clinical outcomes.
Mental health by native–immigrant intermarriage in Sweden: a register-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Honkaniemi Helena , Juárez Sol Pía , Rostila Mikael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Native–immigrant intermarriage is often regarded as a proxy for integration, given that intermarried immigrants are more socioeconomically and culturally similar to natives than intramarried immigrants. This study aimed to assess whether integration affects mental health and care-seeking behaviours, examining prescription hazards for psychotropic medications by native–immigrant marital composition in Sweden.

Methods
Total population register data were used to identify first-time married couples residing in Sweden between 31 December 2005 and 31 December 2016. Index persons were distinguished by gender and partners’ origin (native vs. immigrant), as well as by immigrants’ regions of origin, with intramarried natives as references. Using Cox regression, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for antidepressant and anxiolytic prescriptions and adjusted for socioeconomic factors, presence of children and length and quality of marriage.

Results
Intramarried immigrant women had higher psychotropic prescription hazards than intramarried native references (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.10–1.12), whereas intermarried immigrant women had equal hazards. Immigrant women’s hazards were lower than native references after adjustment. Intramarried immigrant men had the greatest prescription hazards (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.32–1.34), and intermarried immigrant men slightly higher hazards (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.10–1.13), than intramarried natives. All were partly attenuated after adjustment. Intermarriage hazards increased by similarities in regions of origin, especially among men.

Conclusions
Integration indicated by intermarriage appears to be protective for the mental health of immigrants, especially for immigrant men. Future research should empirically disentangle the social, cultural and socioeconomic mechanisms underlying these health differences.
Estimating the worldwide burden of health loss due to hearing loss
Authors: Nocini Riccardo , Henry Brandon M , Lippi Giuseppe , Mattiuzzi Camilla 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We planned this study to define the worldwide burden of health loss attributed to hearing impairment occurred during the past 10 years according to the 2019 Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) database. The current worldwide burden of health loss due to all forms of hearing impairment is estimated at 43.4 million Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), representing 28% of cumulative YLDs due to all physical impairments in GHDx. The hearing loss-attributable YLDs have linearly increased (r = 0.997; P &lt; 0.01) by 18.7% during the past 10 years. Reinforced policies are hence needed for preventing development of mild hearing impairment and/or progression toward more severe deficiencies.
Influence of stir-frying on the lipid stability and flavor substances in oat flour during storage using HS-SPME-GC-MS and electronic nose
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Meili , Bai Xue , Zhang Yakun , Zhang Jing , Huo Rui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe used stir-fried oat flour as experimental material and raw oat flour as a control to explore the influence of stir-frying on the storage quality of oat flour.Materials and MethodsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS method combined with electronic nose technology was used to understand the lipid stability and analyze the changes in the flavor of the substances during the entire storage period.ResultsIt was observed that during the storage period, stir-fried oat flour contained less water than raw oat flavor. The former was characterized by a lower fatty acid value, lower acid value, and lower linoleic acid content, but higher oleic acid content and palmitic acid content compared to the latter. With the passage of storage time, the palmitic acid content significantly increased, and the linoleic acid content significantly decreased in raw and stir-fried oats flour (P&lt;0.05). The sulfur and methyl contents in the stir-fried oat flour were higher than those in the raw flour, while nitrogen oxide content in the former was lower than that in the latter. Stir-fried oat flour possessed a total of 78 identified flavor substances. The process of stir-frying boosts the oxidation decomposition of unsaturated fatty acids aldehydes and heterocyclic compounds produced by the Maillard reaction, so the flavor substances of stir-fried oat flour are richer.ConclusionsStir-fried oat flour, containing diverse types of flavor substances, experienced more obvious flavor changes throughout the storage period than raw oat flour.
Exploring physical activity trends and lesson context of incarcerated youth in a sport-leadership program
Authors: Wahl-Alexander Zachary , Anderson Jared , Jacobs Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Incarcerated youth are one subset of the population in dire need of physical activity interventions. As inactivity within incarcerated populations has become a mounting public health concern, several sport-based physical activity and fitness programs within prisons have emerged. The purpose of this study is to explore physical activity levels and lesson context of a sport-leadership program in one juvenile detention center. Participants in this study were 27 incarcerated males (Mage = 19.3), imprisoned in one juvenile detention center. Participants participated in 20, 40-min sport-leadership lessons over the course of 3 months. Each lesson was live coded using the System for Observing Instructional Time (SOFIT) to examine physical activity levels and lesson context. Over the course of 20 lessons, participants engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for 61% of lesson time (24.5 min). Further, over 23% of lesson time was spent vigorously (9.5 min). Specific to lesson context, 18% of total lesson time (7.5 min) was spent in management whereas 7.96% (3.1 min) was consumed by knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, a vast majority of each session (70%) was spent in gameplay (28.04 min). This study is the first to adopt the SOFIT systematic observation instrument to evaluate and quantify MVPA and lesson context during a sport-leadership program within a juvenile detention center. Results from this study indicate incarcerated youth who participated in this program engaged in MVPA for more than 60% of lesson time. It was reported that overall MVPA of participants within programming slightly decreased across the 20 total lessons.
Biogenesis of flavor-related linalool is diverged and genetically conserved in tree peony (Paeonia × suffruticosa)
Authors: Li Shanshan , Zhang Ling , Sun Miao , Lv Mengwen , Yang Yong , Xu Wenzhong , Wang Liangsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants. Tree peony (Paeonia × suffruticosa) originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections, Delavayanae and Vaginatae. Their flowers are beloved worldwide for their sweet floral fragrance, yet the flavor-related volatiles and underlying biosynthetic pathways remain unknown. Here, we characterized the volatile blends of all wild tree peony species and found that the flavor-related volatiles were highly divergent, but linalool was a unique monoterpene in subsect. Delavayanae. Further detection of volatiles in 97 cultivars with various genetic backgrounds showed that linalool was also the characteristic aroma component in Paeonia delavayi hybrid progenies, suggesting that linalool was conserved and dominant within subsect. Delavayanae and its hybrids, instead of species and cultivars from subsect. Vaginatae. Global transcriptome analysis of all wild tree peony species and 60 cultivars revealed five candidate genes that may be involved in key steps of linalool biosynthesis; especially the expressions of three TPS genes, PdTPS1, PdTPS2, and PdTPS4, were significantly positively correlated with linalool emissions across tree peony cultivars. Further biochemical evidence demonstrated that PdTPS1 and PdTPS4 were the pivotal genes determining the species-specific and cultivar-specific emission of linalool. This study revealed a new insight into floral scent divergence in tree peony and would greatly facilitate our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Paeonia.
Critical assessment of transformer-based AI models for German clinical notes
Authors: Lentzen Manuel , Madan Sumit , Lage-Rupprecht Vanessa , Kühnel Lisa , Fluck Juliane , Jacobs Marc , Mittermaier Mirja , Witzenrath Martin , Brunecker Peter , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Weber Joachim , Fröhlich Holger 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveHealthcare data such as clinical notes are primarily recorded in an unstructured manner. If adequately translated into structured data, they can be utilized for health economics and set the groundwork for better individualized patient care. To structure clinical notes, deep-learning methods, particularly transformer-based models like Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), have recently received much attention. Currently, biomedical applications are primarily focused on the English language. While general-purpose German-language models such as GermanBERT and GottBERT have been published, adaptations for biomedical data are unavailable. This study evaluated the suitability of existing and novel transformer-based models for the German biomedical and clinical domain.Materials and MethodsWe used 8 transformer-based models and pre-trained 3 new models on a newly generated biomedical corpus, and systematically compared them with each other. We annotated a new dataset of clinical notes and used it with 4 other corpora (BRONCO150, CLEF eHealth 2019 Task 1, GGPONC, and JSynCC) to perform named entity recognition (NER) and document classification tasks.ResultsGeneral-purpose language models can be used effectively for biomedical and clinical natural language processing (NLP) tasks, still, our newly trained BioGottBERT model outperformed GottBERT on both clinical NER tasks. However, training new biomedical models from scratch proved ineffective.DiscussionThe domain-adaptation strategy’s potential is currently limited due to a lack of pre-training data. Since general-purpose language models are only marginally inferior to domain-specific models, both options are suitable for developing German-language biomedical applications.ConclusionGeneral-purpose language models perform remarkably well on biomedical and clinical NLP tasks. If larger corpora become available in the future, domain-adapting these models may improve performances.
How do people react to AI failure? Automation bias, algorithmic aversion, and perceived controllability
Authors: Jones-Jang S Mo , Park Yong Jin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
AI can make mistakes and cause unfavorable consequences. It is important to know how people react to such AI-driven negative consequences and subsequently evaluate the fairness of AI’s decisions. This study theorizes and empirically tests two psychological mechanisms that explain the process: (a) heuristic expectations of AI’s consistent performance (automation bias) and subsequent frustration of unfulfilled expectations (algorithmic aversion) and (b) heuristic perceptions of AI’s controllability over negative results. Our findings from two experimental studies reveal that these two mechanisms work in an opposite direction. First, participants tend to display more sensitive responses to AI’s inconsistent performance and thus make more punitive assessments of AI’s decision fairness, when compared to responses to human experts. Second, as participants perceive AI has less control over unfavorable outcomes than human experts, they are more tolerant in their assessments of AI.
Elekta Unity MR-linac commissioning: mechanical and dosimetry tests
Authors: Tsuneda Masato , Abe Kota , Fujita Yukio , Ikeda Yohei , Furuyama Yoshinobu , Uno Takashi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report the commissioning results of Elekta Unity for the dosimetric performance and mechanical quality assurance (QA), and propose additional commissioning procedures. Mechanical tests included multi-leaf collimator (MLC) positional accuracy, radiation isocenter diameter at the center and off-center position, and coincidence between the magnetic resonance (MR) image center and radiation isocenter. Comparisons between the measurements and calculations of the simple irradiated field, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) commissioning, MLC output factor ratio, validation of independent dose calculation software and end-to-end testing were performed to evaluate dosimetric performance. The average values of the MLC positional accuracy for film- and imaging device-based analysis were −0.1 and 0.3 mm, respectively. The measured radiation isocenter size was 0.41 mm, and the off-center results were within 1 mm. The coincidence was −0.21, −1.19 and 0.49 mm along the x-, y- and z-axes, respectively. The calculated percent depth doses (PDD) and profiles agreed with the measurements. The results of independent dose calculation were within the action level recommended by American Associations of Physicist in Medicine. The gamma passing rate (GPR) for IMRT commissioning was 98.6 ± 0.9%, and end-to-end testing of adapted plans showed agreement within 2% between the measurement and calculation. We reported the results of mechanical and dosimetric performances of Elekta Unity, and proposed novel commissioning procedures. Our results should provide knowledge to the physics community for enhancing the QA programs.
Learning from Neighbours about a Changing State
Authors: Dasaratha Krishna , Golub Benjamin , Hak Nir 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Agents learn about a changing state using private signals and their neighbours’ past estimates of the state. We present a model in which Bayesian agents in equilibrium use neighbours’ estimates simply by taking weighted sums with time-invariant weights. The dynamics thus parallel those of the tractable DeGroot model of learning in networks, but arise as an equilibrium outcome rather than a behavioural assumption. We examine whether information aggregation is nearly optimal as neighbourhoods grow large. A key condition for this is signal diversity: each individual’s neighbours have private signals that not only contain independent information, but also have sufficiently different distributions. Without signal diversity—e.g. if private signals are i.i.d.—learning is suboptimal in all networks and highly inefficient in some. Turning to social influence, we find it is much more sensitive to one’s signal quality than to one’s number of neighbours, in contrast to standard models with exogenous updating rules.
Advancing multi-level health communication research: A Delphi study on barriers and opportunities
Authors: Oh April Y , Rising Camella J , Gaysynsky Anna , Tsakraklides Sophia , Huang Grace C , Chou Wen-Ying Sylvia , Blake Kelly D , Vanderpool Robin C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdopting a multi-level perspective that considers the many interrelated contexts influencing health could make health communication interventions more effective and equitable. However, despite increasing interest in the use of multi-level approaches, multi-level health communication (MLHC) interventions are infrequently utilized. We therefore sought to conduct a modified Delphi study to better understand how researchers conceptualize MLHC interventions and identify opportunities for advancing MLHC work. Communication and health behavior experts were invited to complete two rounds of surveys about the characteristics, benefits, pitfalls, best practices, barriers, and facilitators of MLHC interventions; the role of technology in facilitating MLHC interventions; and ways to advance MLHC intervention research (46 experts completed the first survey, 44 completed both surveys). Survey data were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. Panelists reached consensus on two components of the proposed definition of MLHC interventions and also put forward a set of best practices for these interventions. Panelists felt that most health intervention research could benefit from a multi-level approach, and generally agreed that MLHC approaches offered certain advantages over single-level approaches. However, they also expressed concern related to the time, cost, and complexity of MLHC interventions. Although panelists felt that technology could potentially support MLHC interventions, they also recognized the potential for technology to exacerbate disparities. Finally, panelists prioritized a set of methodological advances and practical supports that would be needed to facilitate future MLHC intervention research. The results of this study point to several future directions for the field, including advancing how interactions between levels are assessed, increasing the empirical evidence base demonstrating the advantages of MLHC interventions, and identifying best practices for the use of technology. The findings also suggest that researchers may need additional support to overcome the perceived practical challenges of conducting MLHC interventions.
Fiscal state aid law as a tool against harmful tax competition in the EU: déjà vu?
Authors: Kyriazis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The theme of this article is the relationship between harmful tax competition measures and prohibited fiscal State aid. The aim of this article is to present a targeted examination of the use of State aid rules against national tax measures, eg tax schemes and tax rulings, following the adoption of the EU Code of Conduct for Business Taxation in 1997. The fiscal State aid decisions and judgments to be covered are divided into two parts: the first fiscal aid wave of the (early) 2000s and the second (ongoing) fiscal aid wave, which most notably includes the Apple, Fiat, Starbucks, and Amazon cases. It is argued that an important factor connecting the two fiscal State aid waves is the link they share with the EU’s fight against harmful tax competition.
Incidence and Outcomes of Patients Receiving Chronic Kidney Replacement Therapy Admitted to Scottish ICUs Between 2009 and 2019—A National Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Lambourg Emilie , Walker Heather , Campbell Jacqueline , Watters Chrissie , O’Neil Martin , Donaldson Lorraine , Siddiqui Moneeza K. , Almond Alison , Buck Katharine , Cousland Zoe , Joss Nicola , Metcalfe Wendy , Methven Shona , Sanu Vinod , Spalding Elaine , Traynor Jamie P. , Lone Nazir I , Bell Samira ,   on behalf of the Scottish Renal Registry
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the incidence and characteristics of ICU admissions in the Scottish population of patients treated with chronic kidney replacement therapy (KRT) over an 11-year period and determine factors associated with post-ICU admission mortality.

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational cohort study.

SETTING:
We analyzed admissions to Scottish intensive care environments between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019.

PATIENTS:
All patients receiving chronic KRT—including maintenance dialysis and kidney transplant—in Scotland.

Intervention:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Descriptive statistics and factors associated with mortality using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. From 10,657 unique individuals registered in the Scottish Renal Registry over the 11-year study period and alive as of January 1, 2009, 1,402 adult patients were identified as being admitted to a Scottish critical care setting. Between 2009 and 2019, admissions to ICU increased in a nonlinear manner driven by increases in admissions for renal causes and elective cardiac surgery. The ICU admission rate was higher among patients on chronic dialysis than in kidney transplant recipients (59.1 vs 19.9 per 1,000 person-years), but post-ICU mortality was similar (about 24% at 30 d and 40% at 1 year). Admissions for renal reasons were most common (20.9%) in patients undergoing chronic dialysis, whereas kidney transplant recipients were most frequently admitted for pneumonia (19.3%) or sepsis (12.8%). Adjusted Cox PH models showed that receiving invasive ventilation and vasoactive drugs was associated with an increased risk of death at 30 days post-ICU admission (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.28–2.39 and 1.72; 95% CI, 1.28–2.31, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
With a growing population of kidney transplant recipients and the improved survival of patients on chronic dialysis, the number of ICU admissions is rising in the chronic KRT population. Mortality post-ICU admission is high for these patients.