bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation cardiac radioablation target visibility on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lydiard Suzanne , Pontré Beau , Lowe Boris S. , Keall Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided cardiac radioablation (CR) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is a promising treatment concept. However, the visibility of AF CR targets on MRI acquisitions requires further exploration and MRI sequence and parameter optimization has not yet been performed for this application. This pilot study explores the feasibility of MRI-guided tracking of AF CR targets by evaluating AF CR target visualization on human participants using a selection of 3D and 2D MRI sequences.MRI datasets were acquired in healthy and AF participants using a range of MRI sequences and parameters. MRI acquisition categories included 3D free-breathing acquisitions (3Dacq), 2D breath-hold ECG-gated acquisitions (2DECG-gated), stacks of 2D breath-hold ECG-gated acquisitions which were retrospectively interpolated to 3D datasets (3Dinterp), and 2D breath-hold ungated acquisitions (2Dreal-time). The ease of target delineation and the presence of artifacts were qualitatively analyzed. Image quality was quantitatively analyzed using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and non-uniformity. Confident 3D target delineation was achievable on all 3Dinterp datasets but was not possible on any of the 3Dacq datasets. Fewer artifacts and significantly better SNR, CNR and non-uniformity metrics were observed with 3Dinterp compared to 3Dacq. 2Dreal-time datasets had slightly lower SNR and CNR than 2DECG-gated and 3Dinterp n datasets. AF CR target visualization on MRI was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. The study findings indicate that AF CR target visualization is achievable despite the imaging challenges associated with these targets, warranting further investigation into MRI-guided AF CR treatments.
Examining procedural fairness in anti-doping disputes: a comparative empirical analysis
Authors: Star Shaun , Kelly Sarah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile the principles of procedural fairness apply in anti-doping disputes pursuant to Article 8 of the Word Anti-Doping Code, 2021 (the Code), there has been limited research assessing whether due process requirements are applied consistently by national anti-doping tribunals. This paper investigates the extent to which the procedural requirements set out under the Code are followed in practice, with a focus on India, New Zealand and Canada, facilitating comparison between developed and developing jurisdictions. By providing an evidence-based examination of first instance anti-doping procedures, this study confirms existing theories on the overall lack of harmonization in anti-doping procedures. We undertook a frequency analysis on the full-text awards handed down by first instance anti-doping tribunals in the comparative jurisdictions and the findings highlight inconsistent application of timeliness requirements and access to legal representation. Critically, in India, disputes take significantly longer to be resolved than in Canada and New Zealand, while far fewer Indian athletes are represented by legal counsel. In all jurisdictions, athletes who were represented by counsel were more likely to see a reduction in their sanctions. The study provides empirical evidence of systemic issues associated with timeliness and access to justice in anti-doping tribunals across jurisdictions and reinforces the need to focus on capacity building and enforcement of procedural safeguards, especially in developing countries. Practical recommendations include strategies to better achieve compliance and harmonization in protecting the procedural rights of athletes, particularly those athletes affected by the current application of the Code where cultural and socio-economic barriers may exacerbate procedural issues.
Computerized tomography texture analysis of pheochromocytoma: relationship with hormonal and histopathological data
Authors: De Leo A. , Vara G. , Paccapelo A. , Balacchi C. , Vicennati V. , Tucci L. , Pagotto U. , Selva S. , Ricci C. , Alberici L. , Minni F. , Nanni C. , Ambrosi F. , Santini D. , Golfieri R. , Di Dalmazi G. , Mosconi C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Pheochromocytomas are rare tumors which can present with heterogeneous secretion profiles, clinical manifestations, and radiologic appearance. Under a histopathological point of view, they can be characterized as more or less aggressive with the Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal gland Scaled Score (PASS) and the Grading system for Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (GAPP) score. The aim of this study is to analyze the texture analysis characteristics of pheochromocytoma and identify whether the texture analysis can yield information aiding in the diagnosis and the characterization of those tumors.

Methods
Radiological, biochemical, and histopathological data regarding 30 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed pheochromocytoma were analyzed. Images obtained in the unenhanced, late arterial, venous, and delayed phases were used for the texture analysis.

Results
Urinary epinephrine and metanephrine levels showed a significant correlation (R2 = 0.946; R2 = 699) in the multivariate linear model with texture features, as well as Ki-67 (R2 = 0.397), PASS score (R2 = 0.182), GAPP score (R2 = 0.705), and cellularity showed a significant correlation (R2 = 0.389). The cluster analysis based on radiomic features resulted in 2 clusters, with significative differences in terms of systolic and diastolic blood pressure values at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.025), GAPP score (4 vs 6, p = 0.05), histological pattern (1–2, p = 0.039), and comedonecrosis (0% vs 50%, p = 0.013).

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study provides the proof of concept for the use of texture analysis on contrast-enhanced CT images as a noninvasive, quantitative tool for helping in the characterization of the clinical, biochemical, and histopathological features of pheochromocytoma.
Climate change and armed conflicts in Africa: temporal persistence, non-linear climate impact and geographical spillovers
Authors: Cappelli Federica , Conigliani Caterina , Consoli Davide , Costantini Valeria , Paglialunga Elena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper focuses on the nexus between climate change and armed conflicts with an empirical analysis based on a panel of 2653 georeferenced cells for the African continent between 1990 and 2016. Our econometric approach addresses unobservable heterogeneity in predicting the probability of violent events and the persistency of conflicting behaviour over time. The proposed strategy also accounts for both changes in climatic conditions and spatial dynamics. The two main findings carry policy-relevant implications. First, changes in climatic conditions influence the probability of conflicts over large spatial ranges, thus suggesting that the design of adaptation policies to reduce climate vulnerability should account for multiple spatial interrelations. Second, the persistency of violence calls for planning adaptation strategies for climate resilience jointly designed with measures in support of peacekeeping.
Adhesive solutions for cast glass assemblies: ground rules emerging from built case studies on adhesive selection and experimental validation
Authors: Oikonomopoulou Faidra , Bristogianni Telesilla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCast glass is a promising, three-dimensional expression of the material for architectural and structural applications, particularly for the creation of all-transparent, self-supporting structures and envelopes. Typically applied in the form of solid blocks, cast glass components can be used as repetitive units to comprise fully-transparent, cast glass masonry walls. To maximize transparency and ensure an even load distribution, the glass blocks are bonded together by a colourless adhesive. Currently, there is a lack of standardized structural specifications, strength data and building guidelines for such adhesively-bonded cast glass-block systems. As a result, any new application is accompanied by experimental testing to select the adhesive and certify the adhesively bonded system. Since the choice of adhesive is highly dependent on the prerequisites set for each case-study -such as the structural and visual performance, available budget, the structure’s geometry and climate conditions- the preselection of the most prominent adhesive family at an early project stage can prevent an excessive budget and construction complications. This paper, therefore, aims to shed light on the selection process of adhesives for cast glass assemblies by first providing an overview of the most suitable bonding media families for such systems; these include stiff adhesives, flexible adhesives and cement-based mortars. Following, the paper reviews the research & development process of the adhesively-bonded glass-block systems in three distinct built projects, in which the TU Delft team has been involved: TheCrystal Houses façade(NL), theLightVault, a robotically assembled glass vault (UK) and theQaammat pavilionin the arctic circle (GL). The adhesive requirements for each of the three case studies are discussed in terms of structural and visual performance and ease-of-assembly (constructability). These criteria are decisive in pointing out the most promising bonding media family per case-study. The final shortlist of adhesive candidates within that bonding media family is subject to the full list of performance criteria, but also to market availability. The shortlist of adhesive candidates are typically experimentally evaluated, first via application testing and then via strength tests in order to choose the most suitable candidate. Based on the above, the review concludes in proposing guidelines for the effective selection, design and experimental verification of adhesively-bonded cast glass assemblies.
Fourier Transforms of Some Special Functions in Terms of Orthogonal Polynomials on the Simplex and Continuous Hahn Polynomials
Authors: Güldoğan Lekesiz Esra , Aktaş Rabia , Area Iván 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, Fourier transform of multivariate orthogonal polynomials on the simplex is presented. A new family of multivariate orthogonal functions is obtained using the Parseval’s identity and several recurrence relations are derived.
Childbearing intention and childbearing behavior in low fertility society: evidence from Shanghai
Authors: Chen Rong , Gu Baochang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExploring the patterns of population change under low fertility is a historical mission for demographic research in the 21st century. Taking Shanghai as an example, this paper discusses the new patterns and characteristics of people’s childbearing intention and behavior under low fertility settings. The results show that Shanghai, as a typical society with ultra-low fertility, people’s childbearing intention and behavior demonstrate the characteristics such as “downward inconsistency” between childbearing intention and childbearing behavior, “convergence” of childbearing intention and childbearing behavior between different sub-groups, “inversion” in childbearing intention and childbearing behavior with education and income, and the “decoupling” between marriage and childbearing. The childbearing intention and behavior of low fertility society as seen in the case of Shanghai show the patterns as somehow different from what was observed in a high fertility society. It suggests that many of the childbearing patterns shown in the high-fertility era may not necessarily be applicable in low fertility settings, and urges more research to be carried out in this regard.
Collective acoustic electronic excitations in LaH10 as a factor in boosting of the critical temperature of superconducting transition
Authors: Pashitskii Ernst A. , Pentegov Vsevolod I. , Semenov Alexei V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe nearly room-temperature superconductivity that had been predicted theoretically for lanthanum and yttrium superhydrides at megabar pressures has been recently achieved experimentally in several superhydride compounds, including lanthanum decahydride with $$T _{c}$$

T
c

of about 250 K under high pressure of about 150 GPa. Though superconductivity should be governed by the phonon mechanism in these compounds, which is evident due to the measured deuterium isotope effect in LaD10, we believe that the choice of small values of the effective Coulomb constant, used in theoretical calculations of the critical temperature, merits farther substantiation. We discuss the possibility for the collective acoustic electronic excitations (acoustic plasmons) to appear in the collective spectra of superhydrides thus facilitating the suppression of the Coulomb repulsion. In LaH10 the conditions for such mechanism arise due to the hybridization of La 4f and H 1s states near the Fermi level in the vicinity of the L-point of the Brillouin zone. A simple model approximation for the resulting conducting band allows us to show that in a certain portion of quasimomentum space an acoustic branch should appear in the spectrum of the collective electronic excitations in LaH10, arguably reducing the effective Coulomb constant.
An Improvement Heuristic Based on Variable Neighborhood Search for Dynamic Orienteering Problems with Changing Node Values and Changing Budgets
Authors: Le Hoang Thanh , Middendorf Martin , Shi Yuhui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the Dynamic Orienteering Problem (DOP) with changing node values and changing budgets. It is a complex combinatorial optimization problem with many applications, e.g., in tour planning. To solve the DOP, an improvement heuristic based on Variable Neighborhood Search$$\mathrm {VNS}_{\mathrm {DOP}}$$VNSDOPis proposed. In addition, three methods for handling solutions that became invalid by budget changes are presented. Heuristic$$\mathrm {VNS}_{\mathrm {DOP}}$$VNSDOPis experimentally compared with two improvement heuristics based on state-of-the-art algorithms for the static Orienteering Problem. In addition, the influence of the three invalid solution handling methods on the algorithms’ optimization behavior is evaluated experimentally. For the experiments, benchmark instances as well as instances generated from existing road networks are used. As a quality measure for the algorithms, their performance over time is used. The results show that both types of dynamic changes, i.e., changes in the node values and changes in the budget, lead to higher volatility in the results for all compared algorithms. However, the latter type has a more negative effect on the performance. Out of the compared algorithms, the proposed heuristic$$\mathrm {VNS}_{\mathrm {DOP}}$$VNSDOPobtains the best results in most cases on a variety of problem instances with dynamic node values and dynamic budgets, showing that it has a high performance over time in dynamic environments and is able to deal with different levels of dynamic changes. For DOPs with changing budgets, the invalid solution handling method that repairs solutions by fixing the violation of the budget constraint as fast as possible performs best for the considered algorithms.
Neurological Associations Among COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Radwan Nashwa , Mahmoud Nagla , Alkattan Abdullah , Alfaifi Amal , Alabdulkareem Khaled 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The global threat of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has reached a high level and the outbreak has been declared as a pandemic. This disease affects different organs and systems including the central nervous system. In this study, we aimed to clarify the development of neurological complications in patients with COVID-19 and the factors associated with these conditions.

Methodology
Two authors independently searched the Cochrane, Trip, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases from January 2020 to February 2021. The literature search included studies written in English and related to neurological complications in COVID-19 patients. Then, the two authors independently determined the characteristics and risk of bias of the included studies. Finally, we analyzed the data using odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
This review involved 4401 patients with COVID-19 from six observational studies. Overall, low to moderate heterogeneity was recorded among the included studies. A high risk of bias was not detected in any of the domains studied, although there were some low risks of bias and heterogeneity. Of the included patients, 8.24% developed neurological manifestations, including delirium (84.3%), myalgia (44.8%), headache (37.7%), encephalopathy (31.8%), dizziness (29.7%), dysgeusia (15.9%), anosmia (11.45), acute ischemic stroke (4.6%), cerebrovascular disease (1.78%), and intracerebral hemorrhage (0.5%). The severity of COVID-19 and the association of underlying comorbidity (predominantly hypertension) increased the risk of neurological complications among COVID-19 patients by fourfold (OR 4.30, CI 2.54–7.29 and OR 4.01, CI 1.05–15.36, respectively). Patients with heart diseases, diabetes, and dyslipidemia had a twofold higher risk of developing neurological complications (OR 2.53, CI 1.01–6.33; OR 2.31, CI 1.15–4.65; and OR 2.13, CI 1.52–3.00, respectively).

Conclusion
Our analysis indicated that neurological complications were uncommon in patients with COVID-19. Age, male sex, smoking, the severity of disease, and underlying comorbidity, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, were identified as significant risk factors for neurological complications in COVID-19 patients.
Transformative Experience, Awareness Growth, and the Limits of Rational Planning
Authors: Steele Katie , Stefánsson H. Orri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLaurie Paul argues that, when it comes to many of your most significant life-changing decisions, the principles of rational choice are silent. That is because, in these cases, you anticipate that one of your choice options would yield a transformative experience. We argue that such decisions are best seen as ones in which you anticipate awareness growth. You do not merely lack knowledge about which possible outcome will arise from a transformative option; you lack knowledge about what are the possible outcomes. We show how principles of rational choice can be extended to cases of anticipated awareness growth.
A NOTE ON THE NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS OF TERNARY PURELY EXPONENTIAL DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS
Authors: FUJITA YASUTSUGU , LE MAOHUA , TERAI NOBUHIRO 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet a, b, c be fixed coprime positive integers with
$\min \{a,b,c\}>1$
. We discuss the conjecture that the equation
$a^{x}+b^{y}=c^{z}$
has at most one positive integer solution
$(x,y,z)$
with
$\min \{x,y,z\}>1$
, which is far from solved. For any odd positive integer r with
$r>1$
, let
$f(r)=(-1)^{(r-1)/2}$
and
$2^{g(r)}\,\|\, r-(-1)^{(r-1)/2}$
. We prove that if one of the following conditions is satisfied, then the conjecture is true: (i)
$c=2$
; (ii) a, b and c are distinct primes; (iii)
$a=2$
and either
$f(b)\ne f(c)$
, or
$f(b)=f(c)$
and
$g(b)\ne g(c)$
.
A dual-drive four joint time-sharing control walking power-assisted flexible exoskeleton robot system
Authors: Li Jinke , He Yong , Sun Jianquan , Li Pengfei , Wu Xinyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExoskeleton robot can assist people and reduce energy consumption when they walk with heavy weight, so as to protect their health and travel longer distances. This work analyzes the cross gait during walking and designs a dual-drive four joint time-sharing assistance exoskeleton system, which controls the four joints through two motors to realize the assistance to the wearer’s movement process. The control curve and adaptive control algorithm are designed to help different people with various walking gaits and speeds, the effectiveness of exoskeleton system is proved by testing metabolism. When the exoskeleton wearer carries 25 kg weight (load equal to 36% of body mass) and travels at the average speed of 5 km/h, the metabolic rate of the exoskeleton wearers decreases by an average of 7.79%, the reduction magnitude is comparable to the effect of taking off 7.33 kg during walking.
Betahistine Attenuates Seizures, Neurodegeneration, Apoptosis, and Gliosis in the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in a Mouse Model of Epilepsy: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study
Authors: Shalaby Amany Mohamed , Sharaf Eldin Heba EM , Abdelsameea Ahmed Ahmed , Abdelnour Hanim Magdy , Alabiad Mohamed Ali , Elkholy Mahmoud Ramadan , Aboregela Adel Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent and chronic neurological disorder marked by recurring, uncontrollable seizures of the brain. Chronic or repeated seizures produce memory problems and induce damage to different brain regions. Histamine has been reported to have neuroprotective effects. Betahistine is a histamine analogue. The current research investigated the effects of convulsions on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of adult male albino mice and assessed the possible protective effect of betahistine. Four groups of 40 adult male mice were organized: control, betahistine (10 mg/kg/day), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (40 mg/kg/ on alternate days), and Betahistine-PTZ group received betahistine 1 h before PTZ. PTZ induced a substantial rise in glutamate level and a considerable decrease in histamine level. Structural changes in the cerebral cortex and cornu ammonis (CA1) of the hippocampus were detected in the pattern of neuron degeneration. Some neurons were shrunken with dark nuclei, and others had faintly stained ones. Focal accumulation of neuroglial cells and ballooned nerve cells of the cerebral cortex were also detected. Cleaved caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 showed substantial increases, while synaptophysin expression was significantly reduced. Interestingly, these changes were less prominent in mice pretreated with betahistine. In conclusion, betahistine had shown neuroprotective properties against brain damage induced by convulsions.
Mixed Layer Depth Promotes Trophic Amplification on a Seasonal Scale
Authors: Xue Tianfei , Frenger Ivy , Oschlies Andreas , Stock Charles A. , Koeve Wolfgang , John Jasmin G. , Prowe A. E. Friederike 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Humboldt Upwelling System is of global interest due to its importance to fisheries, though the origin of its high productivity remains elusive. In regional physical‐biogeochemical model simulations, the seasonal amplitude of mesozooplankton net production exceeds that of phytoplankton, indicating “seasonal trophic amplification.” An analytical approach identifies amplification to be driven by a seasonally varying trophic transfer efficiency due to mixed layer variations. The latter alters the vertical distribution of phytoplankton and thus the zooplankton and phytoplankton encounters, with lower encounters occurring in a deeper mixed layer where phytoplankton are diluted. In global model simulations, mixed layer depth appears to affect trophic transfer similarly in other productive regions. Our results highlight the importance of mixed layer depth for trophodynamics on a seasonal scale with potential significant implications, given mixed layer depth changes projected under climate change.