bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two dimensional direct numerical simulation of nonreacting confined supersonic mixing layer
Authors: Chakraborty D. , Mukunda H. S. , Paul P. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDirect Numerical Simulation (DNS) results are presented for high speed nonreacting mixing layer in a confined test section. The hyper-velocity mixing layer experiment of Erdos et al with H2/N2 stream is simulated by discretizing two dimensional Navier Stokes equation using a higher order (fourth order spatial and second order temporal) compact numerical algorithm. A favourable comparison of the computation with experimentally measured wall static pressure forms the basis of further analysis. Instantaneous flow picture and the mean profiles of various flow variables were examined to determine the development and general characteristics of the confined mixing layer. It has been found that the growth of the mixing layer is towards the high speed side of the layer. Various turbulence quantities were derived from the stored time series data of the DNS calculation and the results were compared with the experimental results of supersonic free shear layer as no experimental results of turbulence statistics are available for the confined hypervelocity mixing layer. The increasing Reynolds stress data with the flow direction indicate that the turbulence is sustained by transferring the energy from the mean flow to the fluctuating field as the shear layer develops. Although the Reynolds stress is negligible in the most portion of the wall boundary layers, effect of counter gradient effect is observed in the far downstream location of the lower wall boundary layer. The general conclusion that for the supersonic mixing layer, various turbulence quantities like Reynolds stress, turbulence intensities (both streamwise and transverse) decrease with the increase in the convective Mach number is also confirmed by our results.
Prediction of scale effects at transonic speeds: current practice and a gaze into the future
Authors: Haines A. B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper reviews present practices in the prediction of scale effect at transonic speeds and considers how these may have to change in the future in the light of possible changes in wing design standards. Particular issues highlighted in the paper include the research that is needed to obtain the potential benefits that should come from the ability to test models at near-full-scale Reynolds numbers in cryogenic tunnels such as the ETW and second, the different experimental techniques that may have to be introduced if aerodynamic designers attempt to realise their long-held ambition of obtaining extensive laminar flow in flight.
Active inlet flow control technology demonstration
Authors: Hamstra J. W. , Miller D. N. , Truax P. P. , Anderson B. A. , Wendt B. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents results from a joint Lockheed Martin/NASA Glenn effort to design and verify an ultra-compact, highly-survivable engine inlet subsonic duct based on the emerging technology of active inlet flow control (AIFC). In the AIFC concept, micro-scale actuation (∼mm in size) is used in an approach denoted ‘secondary flow control’ to intelligently alter a serpentine duct's inherent secondary flow characteristics with the goal of simultaneously improving the critical system-level performance metrics of total pressure recovery, spatial distortion, and RMS turbulence. In this approach, separation control is a secondary benefit, not a design requirement. The baseline concept for this study was a 4:1 aspect ratio ultra-compact (LID= 2·5) serpentine duct that fully obscured line-of-sight view of the engine face. At relevant flow conditions, this type of duct exhibits excessive pressure loss and distortion because of extreme wall curvature. Two sets of flow control effectors were designed with the intent of establishing high performance levels to the baseline duct. The first set used two arrays of 36 co-rotating microvane vortex generators (VGs); the second set used two arrays of 36 micro air-jet (microjet) VGs, which were designed to produce the same ‘vorticity signature’ as the microvanes. Optimisation of the microvane array was accomplished using a design of experiments (DOE) methodology to guide selection of parameters used in multiple Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow solutions. A verification test conducted in the NASA Glenn W1B test facility indicated low pressure recovery and high distortion for the baseline duct without flow control. With microvane flow control, at a throat Mach number of 0·60, pressure recovery was increased 5%, and both spatial distortion and turbulence were decreased approximately 50%. Microjet effectors also provided significantly improved performance over the baseline configuration.
The NASA tetrahedral unstructured software system (TetrUSS)
Authors: Frink N. T. , Pirzadeh S. Z. , Parikh P. C. , Pandya M. J. , Bhat M. K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe NASA tetrahedral unstructured software system (TetrUSS) was developed during the 1990s to provide a rapid aerodynamic analysis and design capability to applied aerodynamicists. The system comprises of loosely integrated, user-friendly software that enables the application of advanced Euler and Navier-Stokes tetrahedral finite volume technology to complex aerodynamic problems. TetrUSS has matured well because of the generous feedback from many willing users representing a broad cross-section of background and skill levels. This paper presents an overview of the current capabilities of the TetrUSS system along with some representative results from selected applications.
On the aerodynamic characteristics of thin slab delta wings at hypersonic speeds - part 2: effect of wing geometry
Authors: Ramesh R. , Vasudevan B. , Ramaswamy M. A. , A. Prabhu  
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report our findings on the aerodynamic characteristics of thin slab delta wings at hypersonic speeds. We have tested wings with three sweeps (76°,70° and 65°) and four t/c ratios (0·04, 0·053, 0·066 and 0·10) using a special thin three-component balance. To date, the wing with tic of 0·040 is the thinnest wing ever tested without lee-side body at any hypersonic Mach number. The study was carried out at Mach number of 8·2, Reynolds number of 2·13 x 106 and incidence of -4° to 12°. In general, for any given t/c ratio, the increase in sweep decreased the CN whereas increased CM and CA. A possible explanation, for the effect of sweep, is given using the pressure data available in the literature. We also observed that for the sweeps considered, the t/c does not have any effect on CN and CL but increasing t/c increased CM and CA, reduced (L/D)max and moved the Xcp upstream. Blunt slab delta wings are shown to possess a unique property, wherein the CD increases with increase in sweep at higher sweep angles. This property also reflects in the (L/D) characteristics. Furthermore, the slab delta wings does not exhibit the classical CLα behaviour of sharp delta wings given in the literature. An empirical correlation has been developed to correlate CAo over a wide range of Mach number, t/c and sweep. Linearised theory has been shown to be useful in predicting the (L/D)max at Mach numbers as high as 20, for a wide range of t/c and sweep back angle.
UK Air Service Development
Authors: Brilliant H. C. 
Published: July 2022

It seems to me that the report contains 3 salient points in reference to domestic air services. These are:1.The unprofitability of domestic services generally.2.Competition on the trunk routes may have been beneficial to the customer in the short term but it may also have led to higher fares. (This need not however be true of the long term.)3.The absence of any coherent proposals for exploiting VTOL/STOL development in expanding domestic air services.
Impacts of eucalyptus biochar application on greenhouse gas emission from an upland rice–sugarcane cropping system on sandy soil
Authors: Butphu Sucharat , Kaewpradit Wanwipa 
Published: July 2022

Summary
An on-farm field experiment was conducted in northeastern Thailand to assess the effects of different eucalyptus biochar (BC) application rates, in combination with mineral fertilizers, on upland rice and a succeeding crop of sugarcane on sandy soil. Soil mineral N and greenhouse gas emissions were also evaluated. The field experiment consisted of three treatments: no biochar (BC0), 3.1 Mg ha−1 of biochar (BC1), and 6.2 Mg ha−1 of biochar (BC2). All treatments received the same recommended fertilizer rate. Soil mineral N, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) were monitored after BC application. The results revealed that the BC2 treatment caused lower soil mineral N content than that of the BC0 treatment during the upland rice period. During the sugarcane period, the BC2 treatment induced a greater soil mineral N content than the BC1 treatment but had no significant difference from the BC0 treatment. The BC2 treatment resulted in significantly lower cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions than the BC0 treatment during the upland rice period. In conclusion, we found that the BC2 treatment alleviated the global warming potential from CH4 and N2O emissions throughout the experiment, causing slight changes in soil N availability in the upland rice–sugarcane cropping system.
Comparison of two coprological methods for the diagnosis of Eurytrema ssp. in cattle and sheep
Authors: Olmos L.H. , Pantiu A. , Avellaneda-Cáceres A. , Valencia P.N. , Cayo P.N. , Signorini M. , Micheloud J.F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Eurytrematosis is a disease caused by flukes of the genus Eurytrema. These parasites infect the pancreatic ducts of a wide variety of species, including cattle, sheep and humans. Diagnosing eurytrematosis through the analysis of faecal samples can be difficult because most of the available techniques are considered of low sensitivity. In this context, a modification of the Dennis, Stone and Swanson technique (Belem Sedimentation Technique, BST) was previously developed to increase the probability of detecting infected animals; nevertheless, the values of eggs per gram obtained using the modified technique are generally low. We proposed a modification of the this technique (MBST), to increase the sensitivity and detection rate of infected animals. The objective of this work was to describe MBST and compare it with BST. Faecal samples of 212 clinically healthy animals (174 from cattle and 38 from sheep) from 20 farms were taken by the intra-rectal route and stored at 4°C. The samples were processed using BST and MBST. Positive samples amounted to 55 (25.9%) using BST and 121 (57.1%) using MBST. In the simples from cattle, 52 (29.8%) and 107 (61.4%) were positive in BST and MBST, respectively. In sheep, three (7.8%) and 14 (36.8%) positive samples were obtained in BST and MBST, respectively.The results obtained using the two methods were significantly different, indicating a lack of agreement between their findings. The results suggest that MBST is a more sensitive method to detect Eurytrema spp. eggs in faeces than BST.
Morphological and molecular characterization of larval trematodes infecting the assassin snail genusAnentomein Thailand
Authors: Chomchoei N. , Backeljau T. , Segers B. , Wongsawad C. , Butboonchoo P. , Nantarat N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe assassin snail genusAnentomeis widespread in Southeast Asia, and is distributed all over the world via the aquarium trade. One species of genusAnentome,Anentome helena, is known to act as intermediate host of parasitic trematodes. This study investigates the taxonomic diversity of larval trematodes infectingA.helenaandAnentome wykoffiin Thailand. Larval trematodes were identified by combining morphological and DNA sequence data (cytochromecoxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2). Species delimitation methods were used to explore larval trematode species boundaries. A total of 1107 specimens ofAnentomesp. were collected from 25 localities in Thailand. Sixty-two specimens ofA.helena(n= 33) andA.wykoffi(n= 29) were infected by zoogonid cercariae, heterophyid metacercariae and echinostome metacercariae, with an overall prevalence of 5.6% (62/1107) and population-level prevalences in the range of 0.0–22.3%. DNA sequence data confirmed that the larval trematodes belong to the families Echinostomatidae, Heterophyidae and Zoogonidae. As such, this is the first report of zoogonid cercariae and heterophyid metacercariae inA.helena, and echinostome metacercariae inA.wykoffi. Moreover, this study provides evidence of tentative species-level differentiation between ThaiEchinostomasp. and CambodianEchinostoma mekongi, as well as withinEchinostoma caproni,Echinostoma trivolvisandEchinostoma revolutum.
Is Practical Deliberation Bound by a Coherency Requirement? Foundational Normative States, Volitional Conflict, and Autonomy
Authors: van Gils-Schmidt Henk Jasper 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHarry G. Frankfurt has put the problem of volitional conflict at the center of philosophical attention. If you care fundamentally about your career and your family, but these cares conflict, this conflict undermines the coherency of your decision standard and thereby your ability to choose and act autonomously. The standard response to this problem is to argue that you can overcome volitional conflict by unifying your foundational motivational states. As Frankfurt puts it, the ‘totality of things that an agent cares about’ plus his ‘ordering of how important to him they are effectively specifies his answer to the question of how to live’ (The Reasons of Love(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), p. 23). In this paper, I critically assess the three main reasons given for such a coherency requirement: 1) we can do only one action at a time; 2) our motivational states come with normative pressure towards coherency; and 3) conflicting motivational states provide us with an incoherent decision-making framework. I conclude that these reasons do not ground a coherency requirement for practical deliberation and argue that we can autonomously express ourselves as volitionally conflicted by acting on our conflicting motivational states over the course of multiple actions.
Hegel on spirited animals
Authors: Schuringa Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHegel conceives of human beings as both natural and spirited. On Robert Pippin's influential reading, we are natural by being ‘ontologically’ like other animals, but spirited through a ‘social-historical achievement’. I contest both the coherence of this reading and its fidelity to Hegel's texts. For Hegel the human being is the truth of the animal. This means that spirit's self-production is not, as Pippin claims, an achievement that an animal confers on itself, but the realization of what the human being is. I end by specifying Aristotelian features of Hegel's account whose neglect by Pippin can help explain what goes wrong in his reading, and provide the outlines of a reading that is both coherent and faithful to Hegel's texts.
Design change prediction based on social media sentiment analysis
Authors: Koh Edwin C.Y. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to uncover customer sentiment is not uncommon. However, the integration of sentiment analysis with research in design change prediction remains an untapped potential. This paper presents a method that uses social media sentiment analysis to identify opportunities for design change and the set of product components affected by the change. The method builds on natural language processing to determine change candidates from textual data and uses dependency modeling to reveal direct and indirect change propagation paths arising from the change candidates. The method was applied in a case example where 3665YouTubecomments on a diesel engine were analyzed. Based on the results, two engine components were recommended for design change with six others predicted as likely to be affected through change propagation. The findings suggest that the method can be used to aid decision quality in product planning through a better understanding of the change impact associated with the opportunities identified.
COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis in an 8-year-old patient
Authors: Mehta Karina , Cohen Richard , Kelly Brendan , Grosse-Wortmann Lars 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCOVID vaccine-associated myocarditis was first identified in March 2021. There have been numerous case reports that detail the clinical course of paediatric patients older than age 12 with COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis. There are still very few reports of children between the ages of 5 and 11 with COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis. We present an 8 year- old with COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis after his second vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
Development and evaluation of the feasibility, validity, and reliability of a screening tool for determining distress and supportive care needs of adolescents and young adults with cancer in Japan
Authors: Hirayama Takatoshi , Fujimori Maiko , Yanai Yuko , Ishiki Hiroto , Shindo Akie , Tanaka Moeko , Kobayashi Tomomi , Kojima Rebekah , Satomi Eriko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to (i) develop a screening tool for determining distress and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult cancer patients (AYAs) based on the NCCN's Distress Thermometer and Problem List (DTPL), (ii) evaluate its feasibility, discriminant validity, and test–retest reliability in clinical settings, and (iii) report prevalence of distress and unmet needs.MethodIn the development phase, after translation of the Japanese version of the DTPL (DTPL-J) from English into Japanese and back translation, cognitive debriefing was performed. Items in the problem list were modified to better reflect AYAs’ concerns after interviews. The modified items were reviewed and accepted unanimously by healthcare professionals. In the feasibility phase, the DTPL-J for AYAs was used in a clinical setting for 3 months. Descriptive statistics of participants’ demographics, selected items, and DT scores were calculated to report prevalence of distress and unmet needs. Response and referral rates to experts were assessed to evaluate feasibility. Some items were compared with patient demographics to assess discriminant validity. Among the patients who responded at least twice, correlations between two consecutive screenings were assessed to evaluate test–retest reliability.ResultsThe DTPL-J consisted of 49 items in five categories. Of 251 patients, 232 (92.4%) were provided the DTPL-J and 230 (91.6%) responded. Based on the DT cutoff of ≥4, 69 of 230 patients (30%) had high distress. Anxiety (n = 85, 36.6%) was the most commonly selected item. Primary nurses referred 45 (21.7%) patients to an attending physician or another expert. Referral rates after DTPL-J use were higher than rates before use, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). The items compared were consistent with their social background. A positive correlation was observed between two responses for some items.Significance of resultsThe feasibility, discriminant validity, and test–retest reliability of the tool were suggested.
How Vivid Is Your Mental Imagery?
Authors: Jankowska Dorota M. , Karwowski Maciej 
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Across five studies (total N > 3,600), we report the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ-2PL). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a unidimensional structure of this instrument; measurement invariance concerning participants’ gender was established as well. The VVIQ-2PL showed excellent test-retest reliability, high internal consistency, and adequate construct validity. As predicted, art students scored significantly higher in visual mental imagery than the non-artist group. We discuss these findings alongside future research directions and possible modifications of VVIQ-2PL.
Conjunctival Lymphoma
Authors: McGrath Lindsay A. , Ryan David A. , Warrier Sunil K. , Coupland Sarah E. , Glasson William J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLymphoma of the conjunctiva is an ocular malignancy derived from clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. The majority of conjunctival lymphoma is extranodal marginal zone B-Cell lymphoma (EMZL), however diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL), follicular (FL), mantle cell (MCL) and T- cell subtypes are also seen. Clinical manifestations are non-specific, but include unilateral or bilateral painless salmon-pink conjunctival lesions. Approaches to treatment have centered around local immunomodulation, often with Interferon-α2b or Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) with or without radiation. Although conjunctival lymphoma is generally considered an indolent disease, recent advances in next-generation sequencing have improved clinicians’ ability to predict future recurrence or systemic disease through assessment of cytogenic and molecular features. In this paper, we review the classification, clinical features, diagnostic techniques, and emerging strategies for management and prognostication of conjunctival lymphomas.
Maternal and perinatal obesity induce bronchial obstruction and pulmonary hypertension via IL-6-FoxO1-axis in later life
Authors: Selle Jaco , Dinger Katharina , Jentgen Vanessa , Zanetti Daniela , Will Johannes , Georgomanolis Theodoros , Vohlen Christina , Wilke Rebecca , Kojonazarov Baktybek , Klymenko Oleksiy , Mohr Jasmine , v. Koningsbruggen-Rietschel Silke , Rhodes Christopher J. , Ulrich Anna , Hirani Dharmesh , Nestler Tim , Odenthal Margarete , Mahabir Esther , Nayakanti Sreenath , Dabral Swati , Wunderlich Thomas , Priest James , Seeger Werner , Dötsch Jörg , Pullamsetti Soni S. , Alejandre Alcazar Miguel A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObesity is a pre-disposing condition for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic influences during development can determine chronic lung diseases (CLD). We demonstrate that maternal obesity causes early metabolic disorder in the offspring. Here, interleukin-6 induced bronchial and microvascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperproliferation and increased airway and pulmonary vascular resistance. The key anti-proliferative transcription factor FoxO1 was inactivated via nuclear exclusion. These findings were confirmed using primary SMC treated with interleukin-6 and pharmacological FoxO1 inhibition as well as genetic FoxO1 ablation and constitutive activation. In vivo, we reproduced the structural and functional alterations in offspring of obese dams via the SMC-specific ablation of FoxO1. The reconstitution of FoxO1 using IL-6-deficient mice and pharmacological treatment did not protect against metabolic disorder but prevented SMC hyperproliferation. In human observational studies, childhood obesity was associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio Z-score (used as proxy for lung function) and asthma. We conclude that the interleukin-6-FoxO1 pathway in SMC is a molecular mechanism by which perinatal obesity programs the bronchial and vascular structure and function, thereby driving CLD development. Thus, FoxO1 reconstitution provides a potential therapeutic option for preventing this metabolic programming of CLD.