bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autofluorescence-decrease phenomenon of woody cell in Lophira alata
Authors: Yu Zhaoyang , Xu Dongnian , Hu Jinbo , Chang Shanshan , Liu Gonggang , Huang Qiongtao , Han Jin , Li Ting , Liu Yuan , Wang Xiaodong(Alice) 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Fluorescence is an intrinsic property of lignin. However, the autofluorescence of Lophira alata (L. alata) was found to be almost invisible during an occasional fluorescence observation experiment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reason why lignin autofluorescence is invisible in L. alata.
Results: Herein, the autofluorescence microscopy, diffuse reflection spectra and UV-Vis absorption spectra of L. alata have been performed. In order to recognize the relationship between autofluorescence phenomenon and anatomical structure, themacroscopic, microscopic and ultramicroscopic characteristics of L. alata are also examined. Results show that both the longitudinal parenchyma and the rays are rich in extractives. Moreover, these extractives have infiltrated into the vessels and fibers. The autofluorescence of the wood becomes increasingly clear after the benzene–alcohol extraction treatment. Meanwhile, UV-Vis absorption spectrashow that the extractives from L. alata have a strong absorption to light at a wavelength range of 200-500 nm.
Conclusions: The complex compounds like polyphenols or terpenoids contained in the rich extractives of L. alata are likely to affect the autofluorescence of lignin.
COVID-19 Severity Prediction from Chest X-ray Images using an Anatomy-Aware Deep Learning Model
Authors: Siddiquee Sadi Mohammad , Nizam Nusrat Binta , Shirin Mahbuba , Bhuiyan Mohammed Imamul Hassan , Hasan Taufiq 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has been adversely affecting the patient management systems in hospitals around the world. Radiological imaging, especially the chest x-ray and lung Computed Tomography (CT)-scans, play a vital role in the severity analysis of hospitalized Covid-19 patients. However, with an increasing number of patients and a lack of skilled radiologists, automated assessment of Covid-19 severity using medical image analysis has become increasingly important. Chest x-ray (CXR) imaging plays a significant role in assessing the severity of pneumonia, especially in low-resource hospitals, and is the most frequently used diagnostic imaging in the world. Previous methods that automatically predict the severity of Covid-19 pneumonia mainly focus on feature pooling from pre-trained CXR models without explicitly considering the underlying human anatomical attributes. Methods: This paper proposes an anatomy aware (AA) deep learning model that learns the generic features from x-ray images considering the underlying anatomical information. Utilizing a pre-trained model and lung segmentation masks, the model generates a feature vector including disease level features and lung involvement scores. Results: We have used four different open-source datasets, along with an in-house annotated test set for training and evaluation of the proposed method. The proposed method improves the geographical extent score by 11% in terms of mean squared error (MSE) while preserving the benchmark result in lung opacity score. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed AA model in Covid-19 severity prediction from chest X-ray images. Implications for practice: The algorithm can be used in low-resource setting hospitals for Covid-19 severity prediction, especially where there is a lack of skilled radiologists.
The shift in key functional traits caused by precipitation under nitrogen and phosphorus deposition drives biomass change in Leymus chinensis
Authors: Tong Ruqiang , Yang Xinran , Li Yanan , Shi Yujie , Mu Chunsheng , Wang Junfeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Under changes in biological and abiotic factors, the trade-offs between key functional traits in plants have a decisive impact on biomass production. However, how precipitation and nutrient deposition affects the trade-offs in traits and ultimately productivity is still unclear. Here a mesocosm experiment was conducted to explore the relationships between biomass production and aboveground and belowground key functional traits and their trade-offs under changes in precipitation (average precipitation, increased precipitation) and nutrient depositions (nitrogen: 0, 10 g N m-2; phosphorus: 0, 10 g P m-2) in Leymus chinensis, a monodominant perennial rhizome grass that is widespread in the eastern Eurasian steppe.
Results
1) Aboveground biomass, plant height, and carbon assimilation rate were all significantly increased with the increase in precipitation, whereas the water use efficiency was decreased with precipitation changes; 2) Simulated nitrogen (N) deposition and simultaneous N and phosphorus (P) deposition significantly increased aboveground biomass, plant height, specific leaf area and water use efficiency under both average and increased precipitation conditions. However, P deposition alone had no significant effect on the aboveground biomass under average rainfall conditions; 3) Moisture is the key factor regulating the effect of N and P deposition on the increased biomass production. Under conditions of average precipitation, water use efficiency was the key trait determining the biomass of L. chinensis, however, under increasing precipitation, plant height determined L. chinensis biomass. The reason for this result is that under average precipitation conditions, there were obvious trade-offs between water use efficiency and leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness and leaf dry matter. Conversely, under increasing precipitation, the effect of restricted soil water on leaf traits was relieved, and the key limiting trait changed from water use efficiency to plant height.
Conclusions
The shift of fundamental traits of photosynthetic carbon gain induced by precipitation under N and P deposition is the key ecological driving mechanism for biomass production of typical dominant species in semi-arid grassland.
Zinc Levels Assay in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder by Quantum Magnetic Resonance Analyzer and Direct Colorimetry
Authors: Ibrahim Mostafa Azzaz , Farid Maisa Nasr , Shourbagy Omar El- Sayed Omar El- , Tarkan Reham Sabrey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Autism is a long-term disability and a developmental disorder in which many studies suggested an association with serum low levels of zinc. In addition, the zinc to copper (Zn/Cu) ratio can be a biomarker of ASD as it is abnormally low in individuals with autism.Aim: The present study aimed to determine the levels of Zn in the bodies of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The assay is done using new technology, the quantum magnetic resonance analysis (QMRA) method, and comparing its results with a reference testing laboratory method to determine the validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the new measurement method.Method: The study was performed in a group of children (M=19; F=11; age range=3-15 years) with ASD (n=30) and a control group of typically developing children (n=30) matched in terms of sex and age. The main variables in this study were the body values of Zn measured with a QMRA-998 8th Generation device and in patients’ sera by the reference direct colorimetric method.Statistical Analysis: Results were compared across groups using descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman’s correlation coefficients, Chi-Square significance, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression. In addition, a sensitivity and specificity cross-tabulation test was performed to evaluate the QMRA method in measuring Zn levels.Results: Both methods showed lower means for Zn levels in the ASD group than in the control group with a significant correlation between the two methods when measuring Zn levels. With the QMRA method, the sensitivity was 84% and specificity was 87%.Conclusion: It is suggested to test blood levels of Zn in all autistic children and give them a Zn supplement if needed. Non-invasive health measurement devices such as QMRA can be used as a screening or adjunct tool for the measurement of Zn levels in humans.
The Value of 3D arterial spin labeling in early diagnosis and prognostic grouping of Full-Term neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Liu Chang , Ji Hai-Xia , Tian Yang-Hua , Hou Wei-Shu , Ying Da-Wei , Deng Ke-Xue 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Backgroud: To investigate the value of 3D arterial spin labeling(ASL) perfusion imaging and DWI for the early diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) in term neonates and the predictive value of 3D ASL for patient prognosis.
Methods: A total of 60 full-term neonates clinically diagnosed with HIE in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2021 and 60 control group was selected. All HIE neonates were divided into favourable outcome and adverse outcome groups according to their prognosis,and all subjects underwent 3D ASL and DWI simultaneously to compare cerebral blood flow (CBF) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in each region of interest and analyze the agreement.The areas of interest included bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, and frontal white matter, and the final average was bilaterally taken.To investigate the correlation between CBF value of HIE in neonates and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA), the relationship between early changes of CBF value and prognosis of neonates with HIE。
Results: The CBF values of basal ganglia and thalamus in the adverse outcome group were higher than those in the favourable outcome group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01); the CBF value of frontal white matter in the adverse outcome group and the favourable outcome group were statistically significant (P<0.01); the CBF values in the basal ganglia and thalamus of neonates in the HIE group were greater than those of normal controls, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01); the CBF values in the frontal white matter area of neonates in the HIE group were smaller than those in the normal control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve for CBF value was 0.973, the specificity and sensitivity of CBF values were 97.5% and 90.2%;the ADC values of area under the ROC curve was 0.881, and the sensitivity and specificity were 82.5% and 92.7%.respectively CBF values in the basal ganglia region were highly correlated with NBNA scores (r=-0.8196,p<0.01) and negatively correlated; thalamic CBF values were highly correlated with NBNA scores (r=-0.8504,p<0.01) and negatively correlated; frontal CBF values were not correlated with NBNA scores (r=-0.0802,p=0.62).
Conclusion: ASL findings within 3 days after birth in full-term neonates were highly correlated with NBNA scores. It can diagnose HIE early and predict the outcome of functional brain damage with better diagnostic efficacy than DWI.
Covid-19 Impacts on Household Solid Waste Generation in Latin America - a Participatory Approach
Authors: Requena-Sanchez Norvin , Carbonel Dalia , Moonsammy Stephan , Demel Larissa , Vallester Erick , Velásquez Diana , Cervantes Jessica Alejandra Toledo , Núñez Verónica Livier Díaz , García Rosario Vásquez , Cruz Melissa Santa , Visbal Elsy , Ng Kelvin Tsun Wai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has greatly impacted Latin America, the continent with the highest number of cases and Covid-related deaths. Strict confinement conditions at the beginning of the pandemic put to a halt recycling activities and augmented the consumption of plastic as a barrier to stop the spread of the virus. In Latin America the lack of data to understand the waste management dynamics difficult the adjustment of waste management strategies to cope with the Covid-19. As a novel contribution to the waste management data gap for Latin America, this study uses a virtual and participatory methodology that collects and generates information on household solid waste generation and composition. Data was collected between June and November 2021 in six countries in the Latin America region, with a total of 503 participants. Participants indicated that the pandemic motivated them to initiate or increase waste reduction (41%), waste separation (40%) and waste recovery (33%) activities. 43% of participants perceived and increase on their total volume of waste; however, the quantitative data showed a decrease on household waste generation in Peru (-31%), Honduras (-25%) and Venezuela (-82%). No changes in waste composition were observed. Despite the limited sample size, this data provides a much-needed approximation of household waste generation and composition in a pandemic situation during 2021.
Analgesic effect of epidural anesthesia via the intervertebral foramen approach in percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Jingyue , Wang Xueyao , Cai Zhenhua , Kang Jiyu , Liu Yongliang , Nie Chunyan , Zhou Huacheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Satisfactory intraoperative analgesia is critical for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED). Local anesthesia (LA) and epidural anesthesia (EA) are recommended for PTED. However, LA cannot achieve satisfactory pain management during PTED, and traditional EA, which involves implanting an epidural catheter through the midline or paramedian, has disadvantages such as difficulty in catheterization and increased preoperative preparation time. Rather than performing conventional EA, we injected local anesthetics through the intervertebral foramen during the puncture process, which we termed lumbar transforaminal EA (LTEA), and observed its feasibility and safety. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive comparison of differences in analgesia between LA and LTEA in patients with PTED.
Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent PTED between January 2018 and January 2021. Patients were divided into LA and LTEA groups. Data obtained from the electronic medical records included primary outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS] scores and anesthesia satisfaction rate) and secondary outcomes, including vital signs such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), total dosage of fentanyl, operation time, X-ray exposure time, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)scores, and complications.
Results: In total, 160 patients (80 in each group) were analyzed in this study. The VAS scores for lumbar and leg pain were significantly lower in the LTEA group than in the LA group (P < 0.0001). The anesthesia satisfaction rate was 90.0% in the LTEA group and 72.5% in the LA group (P < 0.005). MAP and HR values in the LTEA group were significantly lower than those in the LA group (P < 0.05). The total dose of fentanyl in the LTEA group was significantly lower than that in the LA group (P < 0.05). As for ODI values, the average operation time, X-ray exposure time, and incidence of complications were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: LTEA simplifies the process of EA and can achieve a good analgesic effect intraoperatively without increasing the preoperative preparation time; thus, it may be adopted as an alternative mode of anesthesia during PTED surgery.
Identification of Heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5) targets involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Fangping He , Reheti Aliya , Buzukela Abuduaini , Liang Zhao , Chen Dong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
HSPA5 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone which regulates cell metabolism, especially lipid metabolism. There are many reports about the role of HSPA5 in regulating cell function but the role on HSPA5 binding to RNA and its biological function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is still lacking.
Method
In the present study, the ability of HSPA5 to modulate the alternative splicing ( AS ) of cellular genes was assessed using RT-PCR on 89 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated genes. RNA immunoprecipitation coupled to RNA sequencing (RIP-Seq) assays were also performed to identify cellular mRNAs bound by HSPA5.
Results
Upon HSPA5 expression, we detected modifications to the AS profiles of 89 genes involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, we show that HSPA5 modulates the expression levels of various splicing factors such as EGFR, NEAT1, LRP1 and TGFß1 which are important for the pathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Finally, RNA immunoprecipitation coupled to RIP-Seq assays demonstrated that HSPA5 immuno-precipitates specific cellular mRNAs.
Conclusion
This is the first report demonstrating that HSPA5 protein modulates the AS profiles of genes important in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and binds lncRNA and mRNA linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Influence of non-uniform heat source sink and inclined magnetic field on double-diffusive stagnation point flow of Eyring – Powell nanofluid on a slender stretching sheet
Authors: kotnurkar asha Shivappa , Mali Gayitri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, the effect of an inclined magnetic field and a non-uniform heat source sink on a double diffusive convective stagnation point flow in a slender stretching sheet is studied. The suitable similarity transformations are utilized for the conversion of nonlinear differential equations. These converted equations are solved by means of Differential Transformation method (DTM) with the support of symbolic software Mathematica. Further, the effects of appropriate parameter on velocity profile, solute, nanoparticle concentration and temperature profiles are shown graphically with some suitable discussion. It is found that velocity decreases with a rise of magnetic parameter and also non-uniform heat source sink enhances the thermal profile of the system. But, opposite behaviour can be seen in solute concentration and nanoparticle concentration profiles.Such results can be useful in design and structure of materials,where implementation of variable thickness decreases the weight of stretched element and boosts the usage of materials.
Increased aerosol scattering drives recent monsoon rainfall decrease over northern India
Authors: Ying Tong , Li Jing , Jiang Zhongjing , Liu Guanyu , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhang Lu , Dong Yueming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The climate effects of atmospheric aerosols remain uncertain. Part of the uncertainty arises from the fact that scattering and absorbing aerosols have distinct or even opposite effects, and thus their relative fraction is critical in determining the overall aerosol climate effect. Here, combining observations and global model simulations, we demonstrate that changes in the fraction of scattering and absorbing aerosols play the major role in driving the monsoon precipitation decrease over northern India, especially the Gangetic Basin, since the 1980s. Increased aerosol scattering, or decreased aerosol absorption, manifested as a significant increase of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), causes strong cooling in the lower atmosphere, suppressing vertical convection and thus reducing precipitation. Further analysis of the Couple Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 multi-model-mean historical simulation shows that failing to capture the SSA increase over northern India is likely an important source of the simulated precipitation trend bias in this area.
Frailty Index and its association with the onset of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing elective surgery
Authors: Steenblock Janina , Braisch Ulrike , Brefka Simone , Thomas Christine , Eschweiler Gerhard W. , Rapp Michael , Metz Brigitte , Maurer Christoph , Arnim Christine A. F. , Herrmann Matthias. L. , Wagner Sören , Denkinger Michael , Dallmeier Dhayana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The association of frailty with postoperative delilrium (POD) is not well known. We therefore analysed this association in older patients undergoing elective surgery.
Methods
Preoperative data was used to build a 30-item frailty index (FI) for participants of the PAWEL-study. Delirium was defined by a combination of I-CAM and chart review. Using logistic regressions models we analysed the association between frailty and POD adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, education and type of surgery.
Results
Among 701 participants (mean age 77.1, 52.4% male) median FI was 0.27 (Q1 0.20| Q3 0.34), with 528 (75.3%) frail participants (FI ≥ 0.2). Higher median FI were seen in orthopedic than cardiac surgery patients (0.28 versus 0.23), and in women (0.28 versus 0.25 in men). Frail participants showed a higher POD incidence proportion (25.4% versus 17.9% in non-frail). An increased odds for POD was observed in frail versus non-frail participants (OR 2.14 [95% CI 1.33, 3.44], c-statistic 0.71). A 0.1 increment of FI was associated with OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.30, 1.90] (c-statistic 0.72) for POD. No interaction with sex or type of surgery was detected. Adding timed-up-and-go-test and handgrip strength to the FI did not improve discrimination.
Conclusion
Our data showed a significant association between frailty defined through a 30-item FI and POD among older adults undergoing elective surgery. Adding functional measures to the FI did not improve discrimination. Hence, our preoperative 30-item FI can help to identify patients with increased odds for POD.
Trial registration:
PAWEL and PAWEL-R (sub-) study were registered on the German Clinical Trials Register (number DRKS00013311 and DRKS00012797).
A proposed grading scheme for predicting recurrence in medullary thyroid cancer based on the Ki67 index and metastatic lymph node ratio
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Wu Di , Liu Xuekui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The Ki67 index and lymph node ratio (LNR) have been proposed as components of alternative pathological classification schemes, but the most appropriate classification for patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the usefulness of a new grading system combining the Ki67 index and LNR as a predictor of prognostic and disease-free survival (DFS) in MTC.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with MTC who were registered at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China from June 2003 to December 2021. The DFS rates were assessed using risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression modeling to explore the relationship among pathological features, nutritional status and DFS. The Ki67 index (cutoff value: 5% and 10%) and LNR (cutoff value: 0.2 and 0.3) were combined to create a new grading system. The relationships between the grading system and clinical features of MTC were analyzed by chi-square test.
Results: In total, 107 matched patients were assessed. The integrated grading system showed better separation of Kaplan Meier (KM) curves for DFS. As the grading stage progressed, there was a significant stepwise decrease in DFS, which was better than Ki67, LNR and N staging alone. According to the grading system, the high-risk group had a worse prognosis.
Conclusion: The proposed grading scheme demonstrated a better prognostic performance in MTC patients than the Ki67, LNR and N staging alone. However, larger scale studies are needed to further verify our findings.