bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and attitudes in Pakistan: A cross-sectional phone survey of major urban cities
Authors: Khan Adnan Ahmad , Abdullah Mujahid , Aliani Razia , Mohiuddin Amal , Sultan Faisal 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 mass vaccination is the only hopeful savior to curb the pandemic. Vaccine distribution to achieve herd immunity is hindered by hesitance and negative attitude of the public against COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to evaluate the vaccine hesitancy and attitudes in major cities in Pakistan as well as their determinants.
Methods
A cross-sectional telephonic survey was conducted in June 2021 in major cities of Pakistan including Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, and Gilgit, from unvaccinated urban population aged 18 years or older. Random Digit Dialing through multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to ensure representation of each target city and socio-economic classes. Questionnaire collected information on socio-demographics, COVID-19-related experiences, risk perception of infection, and receptivity of COVID-19 vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify key determinants of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance.
Results
The prevalence of vaccinated population in this survey was 15%. Of the 2270 respondents, 800 (35%) reported vaccine hesitancy. Although 65% respondents were willing to vaccinate, only 19% were registered for vaccination. Factors significantly associated with vaccine willingness were older age, tertiary education, working status, government institutes as COVID-19 information source, perceived risk of COVID-19 to community, higher SOPs compliance, and previous experience of COVID-19 infection. The most common vaccine hesitancy reasons were ‘no need’ (n = 284, 34%), and concerns with ‘vaccine safety and side effects’ (n = 1029, 70%), while most cited vaccine motivation reasons were ‘health protection’ (n = 1029, 70%) and ‘to curb this pandemic’ (n = 357, 24%).
Conclusions
Although our study found 35% hesitancy rate of COVID-19 vaccine, there were noticeable demographic differences that suggest tailored communication strategy to address concerns held by most hesitant subpopulation. Use of mobile vaccination facilities particularly for less mobile and disadvantaged, and implementation and evaluation of social mobilization strategy should be considered to increase overall COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and coverage.
Introduction of OCT4 into human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells generates putative iPS cells with the potential to differentiate into CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells ex vivo
Authors: Guo Xiaoping , Ba Diandian , Li Sisi , Weng Wenwen , Pan Jin , Chen Yanfei , Cai Lisa , Xu Xiaojun , Tang Yongmin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stromal cells, which can be obtained in a large quantity from bone marrow easily, are non-hematopoietic multipotent stem cells that cannot differentiate into hematopoietic components in physiological condition. Induced pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (iP-HSCs) may be an alternative graft source for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without malignant cell contamination and provide a disease-specific model for studying the underlying pathogenesis. This study aimed to generate putative induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) using the plasmid pcDNA3.1, only containing OCT4.
Methods
BM-MSCs with stable ectopic OCT4 expression were established using a conventional plasmid vector, and then cultured in ES medium to form ESC-like clones. The obtained putative iPSCs were divided into two groups and treated with two different growth factor cocktails to induce differentiation into hematopoietic progenitor cells. Furthermore, putative iPSCs were injected subcutaneously into nude mice and the resulting cells were analyzed.
Results
The generated putative iPSCs were similar to human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in terms of morphology, surface marker expression, telomerase activity and in vitro differentiation. CD34 + progenitor cells were obtained from the putative iPSCs following treatment with specific factors. The proportion of CD34 + progenitor cells were higher in differentiated cells (16.16 ± 1.27% and 25.40 ± 3.08% at days 14 and 21, respectively) compared to that of untransfected parental BM-MSCs (0.93 ± 0.46%) or undifferentiated cells (1.58 ± 1.29%) (P < 0.05) as determined using flow cytometry. After induction using the second growth factor cocktail and induction process,, the proportion of CD34 + cells reached 31.39 ± 3.60% and 73.68 ± 6.63% at days 14 and 21, respectively. These differentiated cells expressed the mesodermal hematopoietic transcription factor Brachyury.
Conclusions
This cell induction system developed in this study may provide a possible source of grafts-enriched CD34 + progenitor cells without malignant cell contamination for clinical use and to generate patient-specific cell models for studying of the mechanisms of hematopoiesis and related diseases.
Leptin Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cheng Daobin , Jie Chunxiao , Huang Shixiong , Hu Shijun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key factor affecting the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS), the leading disease in global disability and fatality rates. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) may be a potential target against CIRI and leptin, a peptide hormone, has neuroprotective activity to mitigate CIRI. In present study, an in vitro CIRI model was induced in primary cortical neurons by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) after pre-treatment with LY294002 (10 umol/L) or (and) leptin (0.4 mg/L), and then cell viability, neuronal morphology as well as endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction were evaluated. An in vivo CIRI model was established in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) after injecting LY294002 (10 µmol/L) or (and) leptin (1 mg/kg), and studies for neurological function, infarct volume, cerebral pathological changes, the expression of ERS-related proteins along with cell apoptosis. In vitro, leptin treatment improved cell survival rate, ameliorated pathological morphology of neurons and alleviated OGD/R-induced ERS. In vivo, administration of leptin showed a significant reduction in infarct volume, neurological deficits scores and neuronal apoptosis as well as pathological alterations. In addition, leptin suppressed MCAO/R-induced ERS and have anti-apoptotic potential by inhibiting the ERS-related death and caspase 3 activation. It also regulates anti-apoptotic, Bcl-2 and pro- apoptotic, Bax proteins in cortex region. Furthermore, the inhibitory of leptin on ERS was significantly weakened by the specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Our findings elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of leptin, and reinforce its role as a potential agent for treatment of CIRI.
U.K. Medical Students and Doctors Understanding of, and Views on Evidence-Based Methods
Authors: Amin MSA , Pai Hari Venkatesh , Jauhari Shreya , Dincer Amine , Farrah Naeema , Balagamage Alokya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
IntroductionIn the absence of guidelines clinicians must make medical decisions using reliable evidence. This requires knowledge of research concepts and critical appraisal skills. Yet, it is recognized that training in this area is often lacking and widely varied. This paper’s aim is to survey medical students and clinicians to identify attitudes towards research education and overall confidence. MethodsA national cross-sectional study using a ten-point survey was distributed from February-March 2021. Eligible respondents were United Kingdom senior medical students in final or penultimate years and doctors pre-specialty training. Respondents were categorized into three groups: medical students, clinicians, and clinical academics.Results 139 eligible respondents completed our survey of which 58 were senior medical students across 9 medical schools. All medical students were in penultimate or final years of their medical courses. Also 81 doctors responded, 20% (n=16) of whom were clinical academics. Only 48% of medical students, 60% of clinicians and 65% of clinical academics said they’d received formal educational teaching during medical school as part of the curriculum. This increased to 72% for students who had intercalated or studied degrees previously. Clinical academics consistently reported having received the most training. Clinical academics also had the most confidence in understanding research concepts; study types, PICOS, P-value, null hypothesis, types of error, and types of bias. Medical students who intercalated were more confident in critical appraisal concepts with the majority rating themselves as ‘somewhat confident’ in 5 of the 6 research concepts compared to students who did not intercalate who rated themselves as ‘somewhat confident’ in 3 of the 6 concepts.Discussion The results show there is a general lack of teaching and confidence in evidence-based methods. Medical schools must address this to develop doctors who can make well-informed clinical decisions. Further action is required to standardize a research curriculum.
Clinical features and prognosis of primary gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma: a single institutional experience from China
Authors: Zou Rui-Qi , Hu Hai-Jie , Lv Tian-Run , Liu Fei , Ma Wen-Jie , Wang Jun-Ke , Dai Yu-Shi , Hu Ya-Fei , Li Fu-Yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Our study aims to examine the clinicopathological features, disease progression, management, and outcomes of gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma (GBSC) patients.Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2020, 50 GBC patients received surgical treatment and pathologically verified as GBSC at our institution were enrolled. The clinical and pathological features and survival of these patients were retrospectively reviewed.Results: The median overall survival (OS) of GBSC patients was 14.5 months, and the 1-, 2- and 3-year OS rates were 68.0%, 32.0%, 10.0%, respectively. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 10.0 months, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year PFS rates were 42.0%, 16.0%, and 2.0%, respectively. Patients who received radical resection had obviously better OS (18.0 vs. 7.0 months, P<0.001) and PFS (12.0 vs. 5.0 months, P<0.001) compared with those underwent palliative resection. Multivariate analysis revealed that vascular invasion (P=0.033), curative operation (P<0.001) and postoperative chemotherapy (P=0.033) were independent risk factors for PFS. We further identified postoperative chemotherapy (P=0.010) and curative operation (P<0.001) as independent prognostic factors affecting OS of GBSC patients. In patients after curative operation, those underwent S-1 based chemotherapy showed significant longer recurrence free survival (RFS) compared to those with other chemotherapy plans (20.0 vs 11.0 months, P=0.028).Conclusion: GBSC patients always have aggressive biological behaviors and remarkably poor prognoses. Most GBSC patients are diagnosed in advanced stages, timely radical operation together with postoperative chemotherapy are significant important. S-1 based chemotherapy may be a selectively efficient plan to prolong the survival of GBSC patients.
The trajectory of body mass index in women with PCOS in two cohorts of Australian women
Authors: Doust Jenny , Baneshi Mohammad , Mishra Gita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCross sectional studies show a consistent association between a diagnosis of PCOS and higher body weight. It is unclear, however, how the trajectory of gain in BMI differs between women who have PCOS and those who do not over time.MethodsWe used data from two population-based cohort studies of Australian women: 8 576 born in 1989-95 (“millennials”) and 10 502 born in 1973-78 (“Gen X”). We used linear mixed regression models to compare the average annual increase in BMI in women who reported a diagnosis of PCOS with those who did not in each cohort. In the younger cohort, we compared the annual increase in BMI before and after diagnosis.ResultsIn the cohort born 1989-95, 1 372 women (16.0%) reported a diagnosis of PCOS. The average annual increase in BMI in women who reported a diagnosis of PCOS was 0.41 kg/m2/year (0.39–0.43), greater than the annual increase than in women who did not report the diagnosis, 0.34 kg/m2/year (0.33–0.35). In the 590 women in this cohort where the timing of the diagnosis could be estimated, the average annual increase in BMI slowed from 0.48 kg/m2/year (0.43–0.53) before diagnosis to 0.37 kg/m2/year after diagnosis (0.33–0.41). In the cohort born 1973-78, 940 women (9.0%) reported a diagnosis of PCOS. The average annual increase in BMI in women who reported a diagnosis of PCOS was 0.25 kg/m2/year (0.23–0.27), greater than the annual increase than in women did not report the diagnosis, 0.20 kg/m2/year (0.19–0.21).ConclusionsWomen who report a diagnosis of PCOS have a higher rate of BMI gain than women who do not have the diagnosis. The rate appears to slow after the diagnosis. The rate of BMI gain was higher in the “millennial” cohort of women than in the “GenX” cohort of women at the same age.
Drop shipper Classification in Growing Dataset Using Naïve Bayes for Indonesian Marketplace
Authors: Osmond Andrew B. , Hidayat Fadhil , Supangkat Suhono H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dropshipping is a sales business model in which a seller, called a drop shipper, promotes goods sold by a supplier. If there is an order, the drop shipper directly orders the supplier. Suppliers will process orders and send orders to buyers on behalf of the drop shipper. Dropshipping is popular among people in the Indonesian marketplace. Some marketplace even supports dropshipping features for their drop shipper. Therefore, this paper proposes Naïve Bayes method predict whether a seller is a drop shipper or not. This research is part of recommendation system research goal. Since there is a drop shipping mechanism in the marketplace, there is a stock problem. This research is essential because by classifying a seller as a drop shipper or not, we can draw a stock of a product that the buyer searches for by eliminating stock of drop shippers and predicting stock from the supplier in the marketplace. By solving stock issues, we can afford better recommendations for a buyer. There are two scenarios for testing: 1) fixed datasets. In scenario 1) KNN has 88.61% accuracy for shopee dataset and 85.42% accuracy for tokopedia dataset. Naïve Bayes has 86.67% in bukalapak dataset; 2) growth datasets. In first until third testing accuracy of the Naïve Bayes method is 80%, and increased 1% (81.1%) using all of the data in the shopee dataset. In tokopedia dataset, Naïve Bayes shows a good trend line in three scenarios but down in the last data. Accuracy of Naïve Bayes decreased 1.06% from third testing to all data. Last in bukalapak dataset, Naïve Bayes leads the performance with 9% accuracy increasing from 87.50 to 96.
Challenges with interpreting the impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability using SST-restoring experiments
Authors: O'Reilly Christopher , Patterson Matthew , Robson Jon , Monerie Paul , Hodson Dan , Ruprich-Robert Yohan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Climate model simulations that restore SSTs in the North Atlantic have been used to explore the climate impacts of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV). However, despite simulations and observations exhibiting similar North Atlantic SST anomalies, experiments with active SST-restoring in the Tropical North Atlantic exhibit strong positive surface heat-fluxes out of the ocean with warm SST anomalies, which is not replicated in other simulations or observations. The upward surface heat-fluxes that are systematically driven by the active SST-restoring in the Tropical North Atlantic are found to be crucial for generating a strong local precipitation response and the associated remote impact on the Pacific Walker circulation; these are both absent in other simulations. The results of this study strongly suggest that experiments employing SST-restoring (or prescribed SSTs) in the Tropical North Atlantic exaggerate the influence of the Atlantic on patterns of global climate anomalies and its role in recent multidecadal SST trends.
Empirical Characterization of Graph Sampling Algorithms
Authors: Yousuf Muhammad Irfan , Anwer Izza , Anwar Raheel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Graph sampling allows mining a small representative subgraph from a big graph. Sampling algorithms deploy different strategies to replicate the properties of a given graph in the sampled graph. In this study, we provide a comprehensive empirical characterization of five graph sampling algorithms on six properties of a graph including degree, clustering coefficient, path length, global clustering coefficient, assorta-tivity, and modularity. We extract samples from fifteen graphs grouped into five categories including collaboration, social, citation, technological , and synthetic graphs. We provide both qualitative and quantitative results. We find that there is no single method that extracts true samples from a given graph with respect to the properties tested in this work. Our results show that the sampling algorithm that aggressively explores the neighborhood of a sampled node performs better than the others.
A new technique for continuous negative pressure drainage in the treatment of lobar bronchopleural fistula complicated with severe atelectasis
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Liu Chao , Yin Mei-Pan , Wu Gang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bronchopleural fistula is a serious and fatal complication after lobectomy. Fistula and hydropneumothorax are typical features of the disease. A 27-year-old man underwent right lower lobectomy and was diagnosed with bronchopleural fistula on the 37th day after operation. CT showed massive hydropneumothorax leading to severe atelectasis. He was undergone interventional implantation technique of two thoracic catheters and continuous negative pressure drainage. No complications were found during puncture and drainage. After 1 month of interventional treatment, the hydropneumothorax basically disappeared and the drainage catheters were removed. Herein, we highlight the new technique of thoracic puncture and implantation and continuous negative pressure drainage based on interventional technique is reported for the first time. For bronchopleural fistula complicated with massive hydropneumothorax leading to such serious atelectasis., the interventional technique is a potential economic and effective method.
Quiescent bilateral carotid dissection following strangulation
Authors: Dalton Bryan , Coyle Mark , Tansey Paul , Fallon Clare , Raman Vivek , Healy Ultan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Internal carotid artery dissection is a widely recognised cause of acute cerebrovascular events. Bilateral internal carotid artery dissection is uncommon, attempted suicide by hanging represents a possible mechanism of direct vascular trauma and has previously been reported as a cause of bilateral internal carotid artery dissection.Case Presentation: Our case is a 45 year old male presenting to the emergency department with neurological symptoms suggestive of an acute ischaemic stroke. Significantly, this patient had a history of attempted suicide by hanging 4 years prior. Radiological investigations revealed an acute ischaemic infarct, incidental well-established infarct and bilateral ICAD. Further investigations to determine the underlying aetiology of the bilateral ICAD failed to identify a secondary cause. Conclusions: Acute cerebrovascular events related to traumatic ICAD following hanging attempts have previously been reported. However, such reports have typically been temporally related to the time of trauma with patients developing neurological symptoms soon after the hanging attempt. We suggest a delayed manifestation of underlying vascular damage caused by the inciting neck trauma by prior hanging attempt. The potential for ICAD and anatomical vascular distortion secondary to attempted hanging indicates that this is a high-risk cohort, and consideration of selective vascular imaging of this group may be beneficial in the prevention of acute ischaemic stroke.
Video restoration based on deep learning: a comprehensive survey
Authors: Rota Claudio , Buzzelli Marco , Bianco Simone , Schettini Raimondo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Video restoration concerns the recovery of a clean video sequence starting from its degraded version. Different video restoration tasks exist, including denoising, deblurring, super-resolution, and reduction of compression artifacts. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the main features of existing video restoration methods based on deep learning. We focus our attention on the main architectural components , strategies for motion handling, and loss functions. We analyze the standard benchmark datasets and use them to summarize the performance of video restoration methods, both in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. In conclusion, the main challenges and future research directions in video restoration using deep learning are highlighted.
Refocus attention span networks for handwriting line recognition
Authors: Hamdan Mohammed , Chaudhary Himanshu , Bali Ahmed , Cheriet Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recurrent neural networks have achieved outstanding recognition performance for handwriting identification despite the enormous variety observed across diverse handwriting structures, and poor-quality scanned documents. Initially, we proposed a BiLSTM baseline model with a sequential architecture well-suited for modeling text lines due to its capacity to learn probability distributions over character or word sequences. However, employing such recurrent paradigms prevents parallelization and suffers from vanishing gradients for long sequences during training. To alleviate these limitations, we propose four significant contributions to this work. First, we devised an end-to-end model composed of a split-attention CNN-backbone that serves as a feature extraction method and a self-attention Transformer encoder-decoder that serves as a transcriber method to recognize handwriting manuscripts. The multi-head self-attention layers in an encoder-decoder transformer-based enhance the model’s ability to tackle handwriting recognition and learn the linguistic dependencies of character sequences. Second, we conduct various studies on transfer learning (TL) from large datasets to a small database, determining which model layers require fine-tuning. Third, we attained an efficient paradigm by combining different strategies of TL with data augmentation (DA). Finally, since the robustness of the proposed model is lexicon-free and can recognize sentences not presented in the training phase, the model is only trained on a few labeled examples with no extra cost of generating and training on synthetic datasets. We recorded comparable and outperformed Character and Word Error Rates CER/WER on four benchmark datasets to the most recent models (SOTA). The code and models will be uploaded on Github.