bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity, inactivity and sleep during the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)
Authors: Cassidy Sophie , Trenell Michael , Stefanetti Renae J. , Charman Sarah J. , Barnes Alison C. , Brosnahan Naomi , McCombie Louise , Thom George , Peters Carl , Zhyzhneuskaya Sviatlana , Leslie Wilma S. , Catt Christopher , Catt Michael , McConnachie Alex , Sattar Naveed , Sniehotta Falko F. , Lean Michael E. J. , Taylor Roy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsAs sustained weight loss is vital for achieving remission of type 2 diabetes, we explored whether randomisation to weight loss plus maintenance in the DiRECT trial was associated with physical activity, inactivity or sleep.MethodsParticipants were randomised to either a dietary weight management programme or best‐practice care. The weight management group were encouraged to increase daily physical activity to their sustainable maximum. Objective measurement was achieved using a wrist‐worn GENEActiv accelerometer for 7 days at baseline, 12 and 24 months in both groups.ResultsDespite average weight loss of 10 kg at 12 months in the intervention (n = 66) group, there were no differences in total physical activity or inactivity compared with the control (n = 104) at any time point. However, in our exploratory analysis, those who lost more than 10% of their baseline body weight performed on average 11 mins/day more light activity than the <10% group at 24 months (p = 0.033) and had significantly lower bouts of Inactivity30min (interaction, p = 0.005) across 12 and 24 months. At 24 months, the ≥10% group had higher daily acceleration (38.5 ± 12.1 vs. 33.2 ± 11.1 mg, p = 0.020), and higher accelerations in the most active 5‐hour period (59.4 ± 21.8 vs. 50.6 ± 18.3 mg, p = 0.023). Wakefulness after sleep onset decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group and also in the ≥10% weight loss group at 12 and 24 months.ConclusionsRandomisation to a successful intensive weight loss intervention, including regular physical activity encouragement, was not associated with increased physical activity although sleep parameters improved. Physical activity was greater, and night‐time waking reduced in those who maintained >10% weight loss at 12 and 24 months.TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN03267836.
Neonatal and early‐onset diabetes in Ukraine: Atypical features and mortality
Authors: Globa Evgenia , Zelinska Nataliya , Johnson Matthew B. , Flanagan Sarah E. , De Franco Elisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to elucidate the aetiology and clinical features of neonatal and early‐onset diabetes in a large database for pediatric diabetes patients in Ukraine.MethodsWe established a Pediatric Diabetes Register to identify patients diagnosed with diabetes before 9 months of age. Genetic testing was undertaken for 66 patients from 65 unrelated families with diabetes diagnosed within the first 6 months of life (neonatal diabetes, n = 36) or between 6 and 9 months (early‐onset diabetes, n = 30).ResultsWe determined the genetic aetiology in 86.1% of patients (31/36) diagnosed before 6 months and in 20% (6/30) diagnosed between 6 and 9 months. Fourteen individuals (37.8% of those with a genetic cause identified) had activating heterozygous variants in ABCC8 or KCNJ11. An additional 10 individuals had pathogenic variants in the INS or GCK genes, while 4 had 6q24 transient neonatal diabetes. Rare genetic subtypes (including pathogenic variants in EIF2AK3, GLIS3, INSR, PDX1, LRBA, RFX6 and FOXP3) were identified in nine probands (24.3% of solved cases), 6 of whom died. In total, eight individuals died between infancy and childhood, all of them were diagnosed before 6 months and had received a genetic diagnosis.ConclusionsIn the last decade, the increased availability of comprehensive genetic testing has resulted in increased recognition of the contribution of rare genetic subtypes within pediatric diabetes cohorts. In our study, we identified a high mortality rate among these patients.
Public sector audit and the state's responsibility to “leave no‐one behind”: The role of integrated democratic accountability
Authors: Cordery Carolyn , Arora Bimal , Manochin Melina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAchieving the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) at country and local levels—and ensuring “no one is left behind”—requires that nation states commit to solving complex social and societal challenges through collaborative, democratic means. Technocratic and bureaucratic procedures alone are insufficient. In addition to satisfying international actors, governments must discharge integrated democratic accountability through inclusive stakeholder engagement with and between diverse and locally embedded social actors and institutions. Democratic accountability requires recognizing and preserving social complexity and plurality mediated through public dialogues between actors and institutions. Concurrently, global initiatives like the SDGs offer opportunities for the UN's member states to show their sincerity to international principles and standards while engaging with local practices that promote democratic means of resolution and policy implementation. This research analyzes how public sector audit can potentially support and hold a government accountable for its international pledges to SDGs, including stakeholder engagement. In India, the public sector auditor has proactively undertaken a performance audit on that government's “preparedness to implement SDGs.” This research demonstrates how the government is held accountable for its policies and actions on SDGs, through analyzing the interrelated actions of India's two key democratic institutions—the Supreme Audit Institution and Public Accounts Committee. We make recommendations for improving state accountability for SDGs through national level policies, mechanisms and processes of stakeholder engagement and dialogues. At an international level, we argue for the UN to develop more effective mechanisms to hold governments accountable for policies and progress on their SDG commitments. Such mechanisms could include regular progress and performance audits and monitoring both nationally and internationally. These could contribute to improved leadership and integrated policy‐making across layers and levels within a nation state. We also highlight the areas for further research.
Family and Consumer Sciences Researchers' publishing prospects: Review of three research journals
Authors: Spangler Alice A. , Harden Amy J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study is to provide guidance for selection of potential publishing outlets by family and consumer sciences (FCS) researchers utilizing three research journals:Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal,Journal of Consumer Affairs, andJournal of Retailing. Content analysis revealed trends in methodology and a focus on selling product or on people as part of the human ecosystem, enhancing the human condition, or a combination. All three journals included FCS content. Identification of journal characteristics which may enter into the decision‐making process of selecting possible publishing outlet for educators, researchers and young professionals is discussed.
Disrupting ‘healthy prisons’: Exploring the conceptual and experiential overlap between illness and imprisonment
Authors: Ugelvik Thomas , Lunde Rose , Jewkes Yvonne , Nyvoll Pernille Søderholm 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOur aim in this conceptual article is to theoretically reimagine the concept of ‘healthy prisons’ in a way that more thoroughly grounds it in the everyday experiences of prisoners. Our point of departure is the observation that there seems to be an intriguing conceptual and theoretical overlap between first‐person oriented empirical studies of two spheres of human experience that are normally seen as separate: serious illness and imprisonment. Our analysis leads us to reimagine the term ‘healthy prisons’ in a way that increases its usefulness for anyone interested in making prisons healthier and more constructive and reinventive institutions.
La segmentación del mercado de trabajo en el sur de África y sus efectos en los trabajadores vulnerables
Authors: FOURIE Elmarie , VAN STADEN Marius 
Published: November 2022

ResumenEn el presente artículo se examina cómo han evolucionado las funciones reguladoras de la legislación laboral en la región de la Comunidad de África Meridional para el Desarrollo (SADC) y se señalan casos de segmentación legal del mercado de trabajo. Los autores explican las características demográficas de la economía informal en los Estados miembros de la SADC y concluyen que, a pesar de la constitucionalización del derecho del trabajo, los mecanismos de legislación laboral de la región contribuyen sustancialmente a la segmentación legal de la economía.
An introduction to the two‐dimensional rectangular cutting and packing problem
Authors: Oliveira Óscar , Gamboa Dorabela , Silva Elsa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCutting and packing problems have been widely studied in the last decades, mainly due to the variety of industrial applications where the problems emerge. This paper presents an overview of the solution approaches that have been proposed for solving two‐dimensional rectangular cutting and packing problems. The main emphasis of this work is on two distinct problems that belong to the cutting and packing problem family. The first problem aims to place onto an object the maximum‐profit subset of items, that is, output maximization, while the second one aims to place all the items using as few identical objects as possible, that is, input minimization. The objective of this paper is not to be exhaustive but to provide a solid grasp on two‐dimensional rectangular cutting and packing problems by describing their most important solution approaches.
Examining the effects of antidiscrimination laws on children in the foster care and adoption systems
Authors: Barak‐Corren Netta , Kan‐Tor Yoav , Tebbe Nelson 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow are children affected when states prohibit child welfare agencies from discriminating against same‐sex couples who wish to foster or adopt? This question stands at the heart of a debate between governments that seek to impose such antidiscrimination requirements and child welfare agencies that challenge them on religious freedom grounds. Yet until now there has been no reliable evidence on whether and how antidiscrimination rules for these agencies impact children. We have conducted the first nationwide study of how child outcomes vary when states adopt such antidiscrimination rules for child welfare agencies. Analyzing 20 years of child welfare data (2000–2019), we estimate that state antidiscrimination rules both (1) modestly increase children's success at finding foster and permanent homes, and (2) greatly reduce the average time to place children in such homes. These effects vary among subgroups, such that children who are most likely to find a home are generally not affected by state antidiscrimination requirements, whereas children who are least likely to find a home (primarily older children and children with various disabilities) benefit substantially from antidiscrimination measures. We estimate that the effect of antidiscrimination rules is equivalent to 15,525 additional children finding permanent homes and 360,000 additional children finding foster homes, nationwide, over a period of 20 years. Overall, the project offers two key contributions: First, it provides empirical grounding for some of the most heated constitutional and political battles of the culture wars. Second, it advances empirical legal studies by bringing machine learning causal inference to law.
Moderating Effects of Digital Citizenship on Problematic Digital Media Use and Children's Happiness: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Si Euna , Lee Gyungjoo 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRecently, the high prevalence of problematic digital media use among youth has become a public concern. Therefore, this study investigated digital citizenship's moderating effects on a supportive school environment, parental pressure to achieve, academic stress, problematic digital media use, and happiness in school‐aged children.METHODSThis cross‐sectional study involved secondary data analysis of national data from the 11th Panel Study on Korean Children 2018 on 1342 families of fourth‐grade students. Structural equation modeling assessed the relations among variables.RESULTSA multigroup analysis verified that digital citizenship significantly moderated the paths from supportive school environment to problematic digital media use, supportive school environment to happiness, and problematic digital media use to happiness. Specifically, problematic digital media use had a significant positive effect on happiness in the low‐digital citizenship group and a significant negative effect in the high‐digital‐citizenship group.CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that digital citizenship as a competency should be fostered to prevent problematic digital media use.
Examining Average Age at First Marriage within Orthodox Judaism: A Large Community‐Based Study
Authors: Sokol Yosef , Rosenbach Naomi , Rosensweig Chayim , Levin Chynna , Hubner Shifra , Schechter Isaac 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMarriage trends across global communities are influenced by demographic and cultural factors. The marriage age of secular Americans, and multiple religious groups are affected by gender and religious affiliation, but this has not been examined in Orthodox Jewish subcultures. This study explored how gender, cultural affiliation, and shifting cultural affiliation affect the age at first marriage within Orthodox Jewish subcultures differing in openness to Western culture: Yeshiva Orthodoxy and Modern Orthodoxy. Respondents (n= 3865) provided information about themselves and members of their family but respondents’ information was excluded to increase sample representativeness, focusing instead on the 8856 family members. Gender, subcultural affiliation, and individual cultural shifting were all found to affect the age of the first marriage. We interpreted these results in the context of varying cultural beliefs, education, and a perceived surplus of available women. Further examination of related factors may aid community efforts to support individuals in their pursuit of finding marriage partners.
The collateral consequences of criminal legal association during jury selection
Authors: Clair Matthew , Winter Alix S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow does a potential juror's association with the criminal legal system matter during jury selection? Growing scholarship examines statutory exclusions of people with felony convictions, sometimes characterizing felon-juror exclusion as a collateral consequence of mass incarceration. Less research has considered whether court officials seek to exclude potential jurors based on lower-level forms of contact or perceived association. We draw on interviews with 103 lawyers and judges in a Northeastern state to examine how court officials think about juror bias in relation to criminal legal association beyond felon status. We find that court officials often seek to remove people perceived to be offenders with lower-level forms of system association as well as people perceived to be crime victims. These exclusionary efforts extend to also exclude perceived offenders' and victims' social networks. These practices are racialized and gendered, likely contributing to the systematic exclusion of marginalized racial/ethnic groups and women. This article expands the collateral consequences literature in two ways: first, by revealing how collateral consequences can be conceptualized not just in relation to people criminalized by the law but also in relation to those whom the law constructs as victims; and second, by underscoring how collateral consequences feed back into the system to reproduce its unequal administration.
Turning on the lights? Publicity and defensive legal mobilization in protest-related trials in Russia
Authors: Mustafina Renata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow and to what extent do defense actors use publicity in trials of protesters in contemporary Russia? Why do they fight over strategic uses of publicity if “everything is decided in advance”? Drawing on original ethnographic research, this article finds, first, that publicity accompanies legal resistance to politicized prosecutions and is inventively used by the defense. Second, mobilization of publicity creates opportunities for the defense to bargain with and keep the prosecution in check. Third, the relationship between publicity and legal resistance in repressive settings is ambiguous. Some human rights lawyers embrace publicity and others avoid it. I argue that this divergence should be interpreted in relation to lawyers' embeddedness in different professional ecologies. At the same time, lawyers' publicity strategies are altered by the interactional dimension of the trial. The latter manifests itself on two levels: at the micro-level of a courtroom and in the public sphere where different publics engage in debates that interfere with lawyers' defense strategies. This paper has broader implications for the analysis of defensive legal mobilization in dual legal systems beyond the Russian case.
Risk assessment of postoperative pneumonia in children with neurologic disorders and obesity
Authors: Owusu‐Bediako Kwaku , Mpody Christian , Iobst Christopher , Tobias Joseph D. , Nafiu Olubukola O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPostoperative pneumonia increases the risk of postsurgical mortality, making it a serious healthcare‐associated complication. Children with preoperative neuromuscular impairments have a higher risk of postoperative pneumonia. Obesity is also a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications, including pneumonia. Moreover, obesity is increasingly prevalent among children living with a neurological diagnosis. Whether obesity increases the risk of postoperative pneumonia among children with neurologic diseases remains largely unknown. Therefore, we assessed the risk of postoperative pneumonia among children with neurologic diagnoses based on their obesity status.MethodsWe analyzed a retrospective cohort of children ≤18 years from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2012–2019) database who underwent inpatient orthopedic surgery. We used Cox proportional regression model to estimate the hazard ratio for the association between neurologic disorders and postoperative pneumonia. In addition, we included an interaction term between body mass index and neurologic disorders to evaluate the moderating effect of obesity status and then performed stratified analyses to compare the magnitude of hazard ratios across body mass index subgroups.ResultsA total of 60 745 children underwent inpatient orthopedic surgery during the study period, of whom 43.6% were healthy weight and 30.8% overweight/obese. The median age was 13 years (Interquartile range: 8–15). The incidence of postoperative pneumonia was higher among healthy weight patients with neurologic disorders than healthy weight patients without any neurologic disorders [Hazard ratio: 3.55 vs. 0.34]. Furthermore, the association between neurologic disorders and postoperative pneumonia was strongest among overweight patients than healthy weight or obese patients [Hazard ratio:11.88 vs. 9.45 vs. 4.40]. This observation was consistent across the various neurologic disorders analyzed.ConclusionChildhood obesity buffered the association between neurologic disorders and postoperative pneumonia, consistent with an ‘obesity paradox’. Further research exploring the underlying mechanisms for the obesity paradox in children with neurologic disorders is warranted.
Bath‐PUVA still represents a valuable treatment option for the subsets of psoriatic patients who are not eligible to or rejecting systemic treatments and are not responsive to NB‐UVB phototherapy
Authors: Calzavara‐Pinton PierGiacomo , Arisi Mariachiara , Tonon Francesco , Calzavara‐Pinton Irene , Venturini Marina , Rossi Mariateresa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhotochemotherapy with bathwater delivery of psoralens plus UVA exposures (bath‐PUVA) is mainly used for those psoriatic patients who are not responsive to narrowband (NB)‐UVB phototherapy and oral‐PUVA therapy and belong to two categories (1) patients with psoriasis without systemic comorbidities who do not need long‐term continuous treatment and (2) patients who have contraindications to immunosuppressive drugs and oral‐PUVA or refuse systemic drugs, including oral ingestion of psoralens, for personal reasons. However, it is not known how many patients belong to the second group and how much bath‐PUVA is effective and safe for them.MethodsWe have reviewed the treatment results of a cohort of 120 patients with clinical indication to bath‐PUVA for the above‐mentioned reasons between 2010 and 2019. These patients were selected among 2640 patients with moderate and severe psoriasis who were treated in our department in the same time interval.ResultsNinety‐six patients completed at least one treatment cycle with bath‐PUVA. A per‐protocol analysis showed that average number of treatment sessions was 21.3 ± 9.0 and the cumulative UVA dose was 80.4 ± 60.0 J/cm2. The average PASI scores decreased from 20.8 ± 7.9 to 5.1 ± 5.4 (p < .01). Sixty‐seven (69.7%) patients achieved at least a 75% improvement (PASI75) and, of them, 38 (39.6%) had an improvement greater than 90% (PASI90). Adverse effects were mild and transitory.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that bath‐PUVA is still a valuable treatment option for a high number of patients who reject systemic treatments or have contraindications to systemic immune‐modifying drugs and have had a limited or no improvement with NB‐UVB phototherapy.
Identification of the GAPDH gene family in Citrullus lanatus and functional characteristics of ClGAPC2 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Y. M. , Sun S. R. , Wang Y. , Cai X. X. , Yao J. X. , Zhu L. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Members of the GAPDH family play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in stress responses. Our aim was to identify stress resistance genes through systematic analysis of the GAPDH family in watermelon. This could not only provide genetic resources for stress resistance breeding, but also form a basis for the study of plant stress resistance mechanisms.
Eight GAPDHs representing four types of plant GAPDH in watermelon were identified (ClGAPA/B, ClGAPC1‐3, ClGAPCp1‐2 and ClGAPN). A comprehensive analysis of physicochemical properties, chromosome distribution, evolutionary relationships, exon‐intron structure and conserved motifs of watermelon GAPDHs was performed using bioinformatics. Expression characteristics were assessed by RT‐qPCR. Based on RT‐qPCR results, ClGAPC2 was screened as a candidate for subcellular localization analysis and functional verification in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Eight GAPDHs were classified into four subfamilies. GAPDHs in each subgroup were generally conserved and shared similarities in structure and conserved motifs. ClGAPDHs had notable tissue specificity and different expression patterns in response to H2O2, chilling, salt, osmotic stress, heat, salicylic acid, gibberellin, brassinosterol, ethylene and abscisic acid treatments. Three ClGAPC genes, especially ClGAPC2, were markedly induced by several treatments. ClGAPC2 was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of tabacum epidermal cells. The ClGAPC2 transgenic Arabidopsis showed enhanced tolerance to salinity at the germination stage.
We suggest that ClGAPC2 plays important roles in the adaptation of watermelon to salinity. Our findings provided candidate genes for further improving the salt tolerance of watermelon.