bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hirayama disease: neutral and flexion magnetic resonance imaging and utility of inter-segmental angle of flexion
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Dua Ashish , Gupta Vipin , Bedi Raveena , Sawal Nishit , Singh Anmol 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionHirayama disease (HD) is a rare disease that was commonly mis-diagnosed in the past. The importance of neutral and flexion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in its accurate diagnosis has been emphasized along with utility of the inter-segmental angle of flexion. Aim of the study was to observe MRI findings of HD in neutral and flexion position and measure the inter-segmental angle of flexion.Material and methodsCervical MR images of 17 patients of suspected HD were evaluated retrospectively for loss of attachment (LOA) of posterior dura, lower cervical cord atrophy, T2 hyperintensity, loss of cervical lordosis, enhancement of posterior epidural venous plexus, and inter-segmental angle of flexion on neutral and flexion MRIs.ResultsFlexion MRI showed LOA of posterior dura (most commonly and maximum at C6 vertebral level) and intense enhancement in posterior epidural space in almost all patients. The mean inter-segmental angle of flexion at C5-C6 was 9.2°, and at C6-C7 it was 6°. Neutral MRI revealed LOA in 64.7%, lower cervical cord atrophy in all patients, T2 hyperintensity in the lower cervical cord in 35.2% of patients, and loss of cervical lordosis in 58.8% of patients.ConclusionsFlexion MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis of HD; however, certain imaging attributes, i.e. loss of attachment of posterior dura, asymmetrical lower cervical cord atrophy, T2 hyperintensity, and loss of cervical lordosis, can be seen on neutral MRI as well, which subsequently prompts the radiologist to include flexion MRI for confirmation. The inter-segmental angle of flexion is increased in patients with HD, which plays a role in planning timely surgical intervention.
Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with stratospheric aerosol injection (ARISE-SAI): protocol and initial results from the first simulations
Authors: Richter Jadwiga H. , Visioni Daniele , MacMartin Douglas G. , Bailey David A. , Rosenbloom Nan , Dobbins Brian , Lee Walker R. , Tye Mari , Lamarque Jean-Francois 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Solar climate intervention using stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed method of reducing global mean temperatures to reduce the worst consequences of climate change. A detailed assessment of responses and impacts of such an intervention is needed with multiple global models to support societal decisions regarding the use of these approaches to help address climate change. We present a new modeling protocol aimed at simulating a plausible deployment of stratospheric aerosol injection and reproducibility of simulations using other Earth system models: Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with stratospheric aerosol injection (ARISE-SAI). The protocol and simulations are aimed at enabling community assessment of responses of the Earth system to solar climate intervention. ARISE-SAI simulations are designed to be more policy-relevant than existing large ensembles or multi-model simulation sets. We describe in detail the first set of ARISE-SAI simulations, ARISE-SAI-1.5, which utilize a moderate emissions scenario, introduce stratospheric aerosol injection at ∼21.5 km in the year 2035, and keep global mean surface air temperature near 1.5 ∘C above the pre-industrial value utilizing a feedback or control algorithm. We present the detailed setup, aerosol injection strategy, and preliminary climate analysis from a 10-member ensemble of these simulations carried out with the Community Earth System Model version 2 with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 as its atmospheric component.
Previsão mensal dos valores do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM) Norte-Rio-Grandenses a partir de um modelo de séries temporais
Authors: Brito Thazia Karine de Souza , Souza Jose Antonio Nunes de , Ferreira Francisco Danilo da Silva , Silva William Gledson e 
Published: November 2022

A pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a trajetória do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM) do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), no período de junho de 1994 a março de 2020 e a previsão para os 6 meses seguintes. Metodologicamente, a previsão do FPM foi feita a partir de um modelo de séries temporais (SARIMA). Os dados estatísticos coletados nas bases de dados da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN) mostraram a princípio uma tendência de crescimento dos repasses do FPM, e também um caráter sazonal dos repasses no período de análise proposto. Assim, houve correções relevantes na série ligadas ao processo de estacionaridade e testes necessários para que fosse então aplicado um modelo de séries temporais do tipo SARIMA (2,1,2) o qual se mostrou bem ajustado a série estudada do FPM para os seis meses seguintes, e revelaram uma significativa oscilação que apontou a necessidade da ampliação do esforço fiscal para reduzir a dependência municipal do Rio Grande do Norte em relação ao FPM e equilibrar as finanças municipais.
São João do folclore e mangericos: uma representação memorialística do folclore amazônico
Authors: Santos Pereira Edvaldo 
Published: November 2022

Gerado a partir de uma leitura analítica do poema “São João do Folclore e Mangericos”, do poeta paraense Bruno de Menezes, publicado no livro Batuque, em 1931, este trabalho está pautado no pensamento de Aleida Assmann, em Espaços da recordação (2011), sob a abertura do retorno ao passado para compreensão a situações do presente, marcadas pela transitoriedade do fazer poético que traspassa o tempo em atualização constante. Nesse sentido, há no poema uma abordagem aos festejos que acontecem na quadra junina, em Belém do Pará, retratados numa narrativa memorialística, que proporciona a avaliação do lugar social de um tempo passado, com a apresentação de características dessa manifestação folclórica, originada na fusão de culturas que contribuíram para a formação do povo amazônico, evidenciando-se as peculiaridades do habitante formado pela mistura entre o índio, o colonizador português e pelas etnias africanas. Essas culturas originaram identidade(s) híbrida(s) na Amazônia, mas especificamente na cidade de Belém, um dos primeiros núcleos urbanos fundados na região, tornando-se um dos principais pontos de partida para a difusão dessas manifestações em outros locais da região. Considera-se ainda, o processo de mudança das tradições populares, em decorrência das modificações do tempo, mostrado saudosamente no final do poema.
Article: Legislative Pioneer on Global Forest Protection? A Commentary on the European Union’s Proposed Deforestation-Free Product Regulation
Authors: Hedemann-Robinson Martin 
Published: November 2022

The aim of this article is to consider recent developments in the European Union’s legal policy on combating global forestation. Specifically, it focuses on the significance of the European Commission’s recent legislative proposal of November 2021 to minimize the EU’s contribution to deforestation and forest degradation (DFD) worldwide by banning the placement on the internal market or export from the Union of certain commodities that have been produced on land that has been subject to deforestation or from wood harvested from forests inducing forest degradation (referred to in this article as the draft deforestation-free product regulation (DFPR)). Whilst for a number of years the EU’s approach towards addressing global forest depletion has been focused on combating the trade in illegally harvested timber products and more lately on biofuel sourcing for renewable energy policy purposes, the recent launch of the DFPR proposal reflects a growing awareness by the EU that its contribution to the environmental problem of DFD is more profound and far-reaching than previously recognized. EU consumption of a range of commodities constitutes an important DFD driver, through which large areas of natural forest have been depleted at an unsustainable rate for the purposes of agricultural conversion and production, with severe consequent environmental and social costs. The article explores the content and implications of this new legislative initiative, for the Union and more broadly for the international community. Given the continued absence of a global environmental agreement addressing DFD, the stakes for the Union are high economically, politically and to some extent legally for it deciding unilaterally to introduce regulatory controls on a range of commodities to address its complicity in consumption involving embedded deforestation. One thing is clear, though, namely that the EU is not afraid to act as a legislative pioneer on the international scene, in which the Union’s environmental values may be seen as trumping short-term economic considerations of international competitiveness.
European Union, deforestation, forest degradation, draft deforestation-free product regulation
European Regulatory and Insurance Aspects of Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Noussia Kyriaki , Caine Catherine , Richardson Whitney 
Published: November 2022

Carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS) has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions, however, because CCUS technology almost exclusively aims for carbon mitigation without co-benefits, this expensive technology has not been widely adopted. In order to make this technology viable, a robust regulatory and legal regime is required both internationally and within the European Union (EU). A comprehensive insurance system is also required to ensure that efficient running of CCUS. With this understanding in mind, this article analyses the regulatory regime governing CCUS both internationally and in the EU and also the law governing insurance of this technology. It argues that whilst European regulation has improved with respect to filling regulatory gaps, a number of gaps are identified which still need to be closed. In addition, the article will argue that special insurance coverage for specialized risks must be in place to diminish any environmental impact and hazard, including cyber-related risks that need to be identified and insured to be properly handled and adequately covered to allow for the successful deployment of CCUS.
Carbon capture, use and storage; climate change; climate change mitigation; environmental insurance; cyber insurance; EU environmental law
ASEAN and the Regime Complex for Digital Trade in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: P. Corning Gregory 
Published: November 2022

How does the complexity and fragmentation of digital trade governance shape the digital trade strategies of members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)? And how are these strategies, in turn, shaping digital governance in the region? Drawing on the regime complexity literature in international relations, this article examines the different digital strategies used by three ASEAN members – Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia – to navigate between the regulatory approaches of the United States and China. The article highlights the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) as a key venue for increasing cooperation and consistency of digital trade rules in the Asia-Pacific. If the US pushes for a binding digital trade agreement as part of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF), the loose, modular cooperation of DEPA would become more attractive to ASEAN members. Yet, even a modest DEPA that chooses to emphasize breadth of membership over deep liberalization would still represent progress in reducing regime complexity.
digital trade, e-commerce, cross-border data flows, regime complex, ASEAN, Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia
Implementing and Enhancing Labour Standards Through FTAs? A Critical Analysis of the Panel Report in the EU-Korea Case
Authors: Zhao Chunlei 
Published: November 2022

The EU has been a long-time advocate of including labour provisions in trade agreements. The labour provisions in the EU’s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have gone through intergenerational development and become a staple practice. Moreover, recent years witnessed the EU’s strengthened enforcement of labour commitments made in FTAs by trade partners. In 2018, the EU initiated a dispute settlement process against Korea based on the EU-Korea FTA, which is the first and, up to now, the only case on alleged violations of labour provisions in an EU FTA. In the published report, the Panel makes findings on three key jurisdictional and substantive issues: the requirement of a trade-labour linkage, the incorporation of International Labour Organization (ILO) labour standards into the FTA, and the obligation to ratify the fundamental ILO Conventions. Based on a critical analysis, the Panel’s decisions arguably not only left much to be desired at the technical level, but may exert an unpleasant effect on the development of the relationship between labour protection and FTAs. Nevertheless, the EUKorea case provides an important opportunity to revisit the appropriateness of using FTAs to implement and enhance labour standards, including enforcing labour provisions through a dispute settlement process.
Dispute Settlement, Free Trade Agreements, Labour Standards, The EU-Korea Labour Dispute, Trade-Labour Linkage
Special Economic Zones: The Subnational- National-International Nexus in China’s Integration With the International Economic Order
Authors: Wang Chenxi 
Published: November 2022

This article investigates China’s Special Economic Zones (SEZs) strategy in the context of China’s integration with the international economic order by concurrently examining China’s internal and external economic policy. It expounds the experimental development path of a massive unitary country which strives to balance between the international pressure against the background of economic globalization and the internal unevenness across different regions. Based on case study of SEZs in different historical times, this article explores a subnational-national-international nexus in China’s integration with the international economic order. This article highlights that, throughout the history, the Chinese central government persistently mobilizes certain regions and names them as SEZs to experiment innovative policies, so as to facilitate the enactment of foreign economic policies and the engagement in international trade and investment negotiations. This study opens the black box of the Chinese State and tells a complementary story regarding China’s interaction with international economic law from a structural perspective. It provides a springboard for future studies of China’s engagement with the rules-based global economy in a world where the international economic legal order recursively travels across international, national and local levels.
China, Special Economic Zones, International Economic Order, Regional Trade Agreements, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Shenzhen SEZ, Shanghai FTZ, Hainan FTP, Subnational-national-international Nexus
السيميائية التواصلية للنص الإشهاري عند سليم بركات كتاب "سوريا" أنموذجاً
Authors: القاضي د.تارا فرهاد شاكر 
Published: November 2022

الملخص:
لم يعد الإشهار كما كان سابقاً اجتماعات في المساجد والحارات والأماكن العامة، بل تغير الحال في يومنا هذا وفقاً للتطورات التكنولوجية التي غزت عالمنا الحاضر في كل ميادينه عبر أمكنة مختلفة، فغدی الإشهار لغات وثقافات وتكنولوجية هائلة توزع تراكمات ومخزنات لغوية تغطي مساحة اجتماعية واسعة من العالم، وفقا لتقنيات النص اللغوية والجمالية، وتغيير نمط العيش وأساليبه لمجتمعات قريبة وبعيدة متباينة المشارب والمواقع بوساطة سيميائيات تقنية اتصالية جيدة متطورة، وعليه فلا عجـب مـن أن يصبح الإشهار مجالا للاستثمارات العالمية الضخمة، ووسيلة من وسائل التوجهات العالمية على مستويات عديدة، ومن هنا كان على النص الإشهاري أن يواكـب هـذه التحولات، فيحتويها ويعبر عنها بدقة وشمولية واضحين عبر سيميائيات تواصلية نصية تعد عوامل مساعدة للنص الاشهاري التواصلي، بحكـم تنـوع الجماهير المتلقية (المُشهِرة لها) للنص وكثافتهم.
Rajat ja radikalismi – pohjoisen työväenliike tiellä vallankumoukseen
Authors: Aatsinki Ulla 
Published: November 2022

Ulla Aatsinki kohdistaa katseensa marginaalisiin seutuihin ja tarkastelee vuoden 1917 kehitystä Lapin työväenliikkeen näkökulmasta. Aatsinki huomioi, että Pohjois-Suomi oli marginaalia ja periferiaa myös suomalaisen työväenliikkeen johdolle, mikä vahvisti entisestään Lapin työväestön kokemusta vaikutusmahdollisuuksien puuttumisesta. Pohjoisen kumouskokemusta ja edeltävien vuosien järjestäytymistä värittivät vahvasti myös ylirajaiset yhteydet Ruotsiin, Norjaan ja Muurmannin alueelle. Yhteydet ilmenivät niin työtä etsivien ihmisten konkreettisena liikkuvuutena kuin globaalitalouteen kiinnittyneiden metsäyhtiöiden merkittävänä vaikutuksena lappilaisten elämään; tärkeää oli myös Pohjois-Ruotsin työläisten poliittisen mobilisaation pohjoissuomalaisille tarjoama esimerkki.
Poder e norma no ciberespaço
Authors: Figueirêdo Simone De Sá Rosa , Reis Elton Gomes 
Published: November 2022

Este trabalho desenvolve uma análise da conexão entre a disputa política e a produção jurídico normativa no concernente à temática dos cibercrimes com ênfase na produção e disseminação de notícias falsas (fake news) e ações de desinformação na Rede no Brasil. Apresenta uma discussão da literatura acadêmica sobre o tema, elencando fatores sociais e políticos de necessária observação para avaliação da alteração da regulação jurídica do ciberespaço, em perspectiva comparada com experiências internacionais neste campo de disputa política e produção legislativa. O estudo emprega uma metodologia qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico e documental e o acesso remoto de dados e conclui pela presença de um processo de instrumentalização do direito positivo brasileiro tendente a beneficiar a classe política, através da criação de dispositivos legais que normatizam o ciberespaço, estabelecendo critérios para responsabilização jurídica de criadores e reprodutores de conteúdo nas novas mídias digitais.
Fragmentarisk partnerskap i lærerstudenters FoU-veiledning: En studie av studenter og lærerutdanneres erfaringer
Authors: Olsen Rigmor , Bjørndal Cato 
Published: November 2022

Samhandlingen mellom campus- og skoledelen av lærerutdanningen har tradisjonelt vært svak. Derfor hevdes det internasjonalt at utvikling av partnerskap mellom universiteter og skoler er avgjørende for å styrke lærerutdanningens kvalitet, og i senere tiår er det lansert mange intervensjoner for å utvikle partnerskap. En av disse er den nylig innførte «FoU-oppgaven» i norsk lærerutdanning, der studentene veiledes av lærerutdannere fra begge kontekster. Det er behov for kunnskap om hvordan samhandlingen mellom partene i denne veiledningen fungerer, og denne undersøkelsens formål er å bidra med dette.
Gjennom studien i en grunnskolelærerutdanning undersøkes det hvordan lærerstudenter, praksislærere og universitetslærere opplever samhandlingen med hverandre i FoU-veiledningen. Fokusgrupper ble gjennomført med hver av partene, og dette gav materiale til en tematisk analyse. Studien viser at samhandlingen karakteriseres av et begrenset utviklet partnerskap, preget av avstand mellom intensjoner og opplevde realiteter, uklarhet mht. partenes roller og oppgaver, samt varierende samhandling og engasjement.
Studien gir spesifikk kunnskap om utfordringene ved triadisk FoU-veiledning som involverer parter fra begge lærerutdanningskontekstene. Mer generelt viser studien behovet for å klargjøre felles forståelse i samarbeidstiltak, og å belyse forholdet mellom ambisiøse partnerskapsintensjoner og begrensede ressurser i lærerutdanning.
Astemizole-Methylene Blue Combination Therapy Reduces Monotherapy Adverse Effects in Balb/C Mice
Authors: Nyirongo Joyce , Onditi Faith , Simbauni Jemimah , Kamau Lucy , Mwangi Victor , Kagasi Esther , Ozwara Hastings 
Published: November 2022

Aims: To determine the toxicity of astemizole-methylene blue combination therapy as effective candidates for therapeutic repurposing against malaria.
Study Design: Randomized block study design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, between July and December, 2019.
Methodology: The Lorke’s technique was used to evaluate the toxicity of the drug combinations in
Balb/c mice (N=25). The mice were monitored for clinical signs at 2-hour intervals. After 48 hours, the mice were euthanized, and their tissues collected, weighed and grossly examined. Biochemistry and hematological tests were performed after blood samples were collected. Analysis of Variance and the t-test were used for statistical analysis; differences were considered significant if P values were less than 0.05 (p˂ 0.05).
Results: The findings revealed that mice treated with methylene blue alone experienced a decrease of appetite, while mice treated with astemizole alone experienced slight tremors, which were not observed in the medication combined groups. When compared to the negative controls, the astemizole-methylene blue 3:1 combination group exhibited reduced heart (p=0.007) and liver (p=0.0001) mean weights. Platelet levels in the astemizole-methylene blue 3:1 group were lower in comparison to the other groups (p=0.005), according to the hematological data collected.
Conclusion: When delivered in ratios with less astamizole, astemizole-methylene blue combination therapy showed better results in terms of safety than monotherapy with either drug alone.