bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mid‐term Follow‐up Study on the Reimplantation of Autoclaved Femoral and Tibial Components as Spacers for Treating Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Li Peng , Zhu Zhiqi , Tang Xiangyang , Shi Zhanjun 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveInfection after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a rare but devastating complication. Different types of spaces have been used in two‐stage revision. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of autoclaved femoral and tibial components as spacers for treating periprosthetic infections after TKA.MethodsA retrospective study was performed for 13 patients (five males, eight females) with a mean age of 69 ± 6 (range, 57–80) years and suffering from periprosthetic infection after TKA. They were treated with unconventional two‐stage revision from May 2008 to June 2017. In the first‐stage surgery, the autoclaved femoral and tibial components were reimplanted with a new liner as a spacer after a thorough debridement. After 4–6 months, the second‐stage surgery was performed according to the patients' requirements. The knee society score (KSS) and knee range of motion (ROM) were assessed before and after surgery. The reinfection rate was calculated.ResultsThe mean duration of follow‐up was 5.7 ± 2.1 (range, 3.1–8.8) years. Culture‐positive infections comprised 69% of the cohort. All patients were able to walk 24 h after the first stage surgery, and the knee ROM could reach 90° in 1 week. Two patients (15.4%) experienced an infection recurrence. One patient was reinfected 1 year after the first stage surgery. Another patient developed reinfection 3 years after surgery but did not choose re‐revision and died of pneumonia. Only one patient underwent the second stage revision. The remaining 10 patients refused to receive a new prosthesis. At the time of the final follow‐up, six patients had slight pain in the knee while walking, and one patient required crutches to walk. There were no signs of prosthesis dislocation, rupture, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or delayed wound healing. No radiolucent lines or osteolysis were found. The mean KSS improved from 51 ± 10 (range, 35–63) points preoperatively to 79 ± 5 (range, 60–85) points at the final follow‐up. The average ROM before and after the first stage surgery were 62° ± 29° (range, 10°–100°) and 104° ± 9° (range, 90°–120°) (t = 4.659, P < 0.01) respectively. The infection control rate was 84.6%.ConclusionReimplantation of the autoclaved original femoral and tibial components as an articulating spacer during the first stage surgery is a valuable addition for treating an infected TKA.
Melatonin Attenuates the Progression of Osteoarthritis in Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation and Related Oxidative Stress on the Surface of Knee Cartilage
Authors: Ke Chenghui , Li Hongyun , Yang Dan , Ying Hao , Zhu Hongwen , Wang Jian , Xu Jun , Wang Lin 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between melatonin and osteoarthritis (OA) in rats. To explore the relevant mechanisms in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis in rats, and to further understand the disease of osteoarthritis.MethodsForty healthy 6‐month‐old male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham and drug intervention groups. Pre‐OA modeling, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, COX‐2, and melatonin in the serum of the rats in each group. For OA modeling, we administered an injection of papain into the knee cavity of all rats. The levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and COX‐2 in the serum of rats in each group were detected 2 weeks after the modeling. Additionally, 2 weeks after the modeling, the rats in the drug intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with melatonin antagonists. The rats in the sham group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline for 2 weeks. The levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and COX‐2 in the serum of each group were measured at the second, third, and fourth weeks after the drug intervention, and the levels of melatonin in the serum were measured at the second week after the drug intervention. Finally, the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and pathological sections were collected from the knee joint to observe the pathological tissue changes under a microscope, and Mankin score was determined. The independent samples t‐test method was used for analysis.ResultsThe imaging examination after the drug intervention showed that the modeling of knee osteoarthritis in rats was successful. In the pathological findings, HE staining showed a legible cartilage structure of each layer, with cartilage proliferation and partial cartilage tearing to the radial layer. The tide line was intact; toluidine blue staining revealed more obvious changes. The differences among the mean values of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and COX‐2 measured in each period were statistically significant (t = 5.50, p < 0.05). The measured mean values of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and COX‐2 revealed statistically significant differences among the groups (t = 2.01, p < 0.05). The intergroup comparison of the Mankin scores in each period showed statistically significant differences.ConclusionMelatonin may inhibit inflammation and associated oxidative stress on the surface of knee cartilage. It may be related to the repair and regeneration of articular surface cartilage during the development of OA in the rat knee joint.
Treatment of atrial tachycardia arising after superior transseptal approach mitral valve surgery: Insights from ultra‐high‐density mapping to prevent atrioventricular block
Authors: Hara Satoshi , Kusa Shigeki , Miwa Naoyuki , Hirano Hidenori , Nakata Tadanori , Doi Junichi , Teng Yun , Satoh Yoshikazu , Yamao Kazuya , Hachiya Hitoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionMitral valve surgery employing a superior transseptal approach (STA) is associated with arrhythmogenicity and intra‐atrial conduction delay, despite being optimal for visualization of the surgical field. It is sometimes difficult to treat atrial tachycardias (AT) that arise after STA. To investigate AT circuits that arise after STA in detail in order to identify the optimal ablation line, using ultra‐high‐resolution mapping (UHRM).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 12 AT from 10 patients (median age 70 years, nine males) who had undergone STA surgery. The tachycardias were mapped using the Rhythmia mapping system (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts).ResultsThe 12 STA‐related AT (STA‐AT) circuits were classifiable as follows according to location of the optimal ablation line: (1) peri‐septal incision STA‐AT (n = 3), (2) cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) dependent STA‐AT (n = 7), and (3) biatrial tachycardia (n = 2). Radiofrequency (RF) application terminated 11 of the 12 STA‐AT. We found that difference in STA‐AT circuit type was due to characteristics of the septal incision line made for STA. UHRM was important in identifying optimal ablation sites that did not create additional conduction disturbances in the right atrium (RA).ConclusionsATs after STA involve complex arrhythmia circuits due to multiple and long incision lines in the RA. Accurate understanding of the arrhythmia circuit and sinus conduction in the RA after STA is recommended for treating post‐surgical tachycardia in a minimally invasive manner.
Chloroplasts play a central role in facilitating MAMP‐triggered immunity, pathogen suppression of immunity and crosstalk with abiotic stress
Authors: Breen Susan , Hussain Rana , Breeze Emily , Brown Hannah , Alzwiy Ibrahim , Abdelsayed Sara , Gaikwad Trupti , Grant Murray 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicrobe‐associated molecular pattern (MAMP)‐triggered immunity (MTI) research has traditionally centred around signal transduction pathways originating from activated membrane‐localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), culminating in nuclear transcription and posttranslational modifications. More recently, chloroplasts have emerged as key immune signalling hubs, playing a central role in integrating environmental signals. Notably, MAMP recognition induces chloroplastic reactive oxygen species (cROS) that is suppressed by pathogen effectors, which also modify the balance of chloroplast‐synthesized precursors of the defence hormones, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid. This study focuses on how well‐characterized PRRs and coreceptors modulate chloroplast physiology, examining whether diverse signalling pathways converge to similarly modulate chloroplast function. Pretreatment of receptor mutant plants with MAMP and D(Damage)AMP peptides usually protect against effector modulation of chlorophyll fluorescence and prevent Pseudomonas syringae effector‐mediated quenching of cROS and suppression of maximum dark‐adapted quantum efﬁciency (the ratio of variable/maximum fluorescence [Fv/Fm]). The MTI coreceptor double mutant, bak1‐5/bkk1‐1, exhibits a remarkable decrease in Fv/Fm compared to control plants during infection, underlining the importance of MTI‐mediated signalling in chloroplast immunity. Further probing the role of the chloroplast in immunity, we unexpectedly found that even moderate changes in light intensity can uncouple plant immune signalling.
A case of severe nivolumab‐induced lichen planus pemphigoides in a child with metastatic spitzoid melanoma
Authors: Mueller Kelly A. , Cordisco Maria R. , Scott Glynis A. , Plovanich Molly E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDermatologic reactions are among the most common adverse events of antiprogrammed cell death‐1 (anti‐PD‐1) monoclonal antibodies agents and include maculopapular rash, psoriasiform rash, lichenoid eruptions, autoimmune bullous disorders, and vitiligo. Here, we present a case of a 12‐year‐old African American male with metastatic spitzoid melanoma treated with nivolumab who developed a mild lichenoid eruption that progressed to a severe case of lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP). Management was complex given the patient's age and history and included hospitalization for intravenous steroids, an intensive topical steroid regimen, methotrexate, and discontinuation of nivolumab. This case illustrates a rare but dramatic progression from a mild LP‐like eruption to severe bullous lichenoid eruption, most consistent with LPP, as well as the diagnostic and treatment challenges in the setting of a pediatric patient on nivolumab.
Does possessing an installed base induce a proprietary software producer to act aggressively or mildly in pricing and intrinsic quality provision?
Authors: Chou Chung‐Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates competition between open‐source software (OSS) and proprietary software (PS) which possesses an installed base. We find that an increase in PS installed base does not necessarily induce the PS producer to increase price or reduce intrinsic quality. Specifically, if OSS is weakly (moderately) compatible with PS, then an increase in PS installed base induces the PS producer to invest less (more) in intrinsic quality. Regarding the price of PS, if OSS is highly compatible with PS possessing a large installed base, then an increase in installed base induces the PS producer to sell products for a lower price.
The histidine phosphotransfer AHP4 plays a negative role in Arabidopsis plant response to drought
Authors: Ha Chien Van , Mostofa Mohammad Golam , Nguyen Kien Huu , Tran Cuong Duy , Watanabe Yasuko , Li Weiqiang , Osakabe Yuriko , Sato Mayuko , Toyooka Kiminori , Tanaka Maho , Seki Motoaki , Burritt David J. , Anderson Cheyenne Marie , Zhang Ru , Nguyen Huong Mai , Le Vy Phuong , Bui Hien Thuy , Mochida Keiichi , Tran Lam‐Son Phan 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYCytokinin plays an important role in plant stress responses via a multistep signaling pathway, involving the histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AHP2, AHP3 and AHP5 proteins are known to affect drought responses; however, the role of AHP4 in drought adaptation remains undetermined. In the present study, using a loss‐of‐function approach we showed that AHP4 possesses an important role in the response of Arabidopsis to drought. This is evidenced by the higher survival rates of ahp4 than wild‐type (WT) plants under drought conditions, which is accompanied by the downregulated AHP4 expression in WT during periods of dehydration. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ahp4 and WT plants revealed AHP4‐mediated expression of several dehydration‐ and/or abscisic acid‐responsive genes involved in modulation of various physiological and biochemical processes important for plant drought acclimation. In comparison with WT, ahp4 plants showed increased wax crystal accumulation in stems, thicker cuticles in leaves, greater sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid at germination, narrow stomatal apertures, heightened leaf temperatures during dehydration, and longer root length under osmotic stress. In addition, ahp4 plants showed greater photosynthetic efficiency, lower levels of reactive oxygen species, reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, and increased anthocyanin contents under drought, when compared with WT. These differences displayed in ahp4 plants are likely due to upregulation of genes that encode enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species scavenging and non‐enzymatic antioxidant metabolism. Overall, our findings suggest that AHP4 plays a crucial role in plant drought adaptation.
Natural and induced variations in transcriptional regulator genes result in low‐nicotine phenotypes in tobacco
Authors: Shoji Tsubasa , Moriyama Koki , Sierro Nicolas , Ouadi Sonia , Ivanov Nikolai V. , Hashimoto Takashi , Saito Kazuki 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYIn tobacco, the homologous ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors ERF199 and ERF189 coordinate the transcription of multiple metabolic genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. Natural alleles at the NIC1 and NIC2 loci greatly affect alkaloid accumulation and overlap with ERF199 and ERF189 in the tobacco genome, respectively. In this study, we identified several low‐nicotine tobacco varieties lacking ERF199 or ERF189 from a tobacco germplasm collection. We characterized the sequence of these new nic1 and nic2 alleles, as well as the previously defined alleles nic1‐1 and nic2‐1. Moreover, we examined the influence of different nic alleles on alkaloid contents and expression levels of genes related to nicotine biosynthesis. We also demonstrated that the deletion of a distal genomic region attenuates ERF199 expression, resulting in a moderately negative effect on the alkaloid phenotype. Our study provides new insights into the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and novel genetic resources to breed low‐nicotine tobacco.
Evidence of likely autochthonous Chagas disease in the southwestern United States: A case series of Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive blood donors
Authors: Lynn Mary K. , Dye‐Braumuller Kyndall C. , Beatty Norman L. , Dorn Patricia L. , Klotz Stephen A. , Stramer Susan L. , Townsend Rebecca L. , Kamel Hany , Vannoy Jacquelyn M. , Sadler Patrick , Montgomery Susan P. , Rivera Hilda N. , Nolan Melissa S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundChagas disease is a parasitic infection that can insidiously cause non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy. Given the largely silent nature of this progressive disease, asymptomatic blood donors pose potential blood transfusion risk. Blood donation screening has become an unintentional form of Chagas disease surveillance, with thousands of new cases identified since national surveillance was initiated in 2007.Study Design and MethodsWe recruited T. cruzi‐positive blood donors identified from California and Arizona blood centers for confirmatory blood screening and assessment of lifetime infection risk.ResultsAmong eight suspected cases, we identified four confirmed US autochthonous infections. The current manuscript details the transmission sources, healthcare‐seeking behaviors post‐blood donation resulting, and clinical course of disease among persons without any history of travel to endemic Latin American countries.DiscussionThis manuscript presents four additional US‐acquired Chagas disease cases and identifies an opportunity for blood centers to assist in confronting barriers surrounding Chagas disease in the US.
Ancient structural inheritance explains gold deposit clustering in northern Perú
Authors: Wiemer Daniel , Hagemann Steffen G. , Hronsky Jon , Kemp Anthony I.S. , Thébaud Nicolas , Ireland Trevor , Villanes Carlos 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The punctuated distribution of major gold deposits along orogenic belts is poorly understood. In northern Perú, gold deposits cluster along trends that transect the subparallel Phanerozoic belts that accreted onto the western margin of the Archean–Proterozoic Amazonian craton. This suggests the influence of as yet unrecognized pre-Andean basement structures in controlling the localization of Phanerozoic deposits. We report the newly discovered Tomac ophiolite, which represents a missing link in tracing a cryptic basement collisional suture striking obliquely to the Peruvian Andes. The Tomac ophiolite signals the opening of a former Neoproterozoic ocean basin between the Amazonian craton and a continental ribbon of dispersed microterranes. Re-accretion of the continental ribbon resulted in the formation of a collisional belt between ca. 465 and 440 Ma. Rifting and re-accretion occurred parallel to the strike of the ca. 1400–1000 Ma Grenvillian-Sunsás orogen, indicating that structural corridors that transect the Andes at an oblique strike angle reflect inheritance of preexisting lithospheric weak zones. Our study demonstrates that Phanerozoic gold deposits in northern Perú cluster at the intersection between the newly defined basement suture and the superimposed Andean belt and associated well-documented cross faults. Gold mineralization was localized at ancient structural intersections, where enhanced permeability facilitated anomalous energy and mass transfer, promoting major ore accumulation during episodes of accretion.
Degradation of isoproturon in vitro by a mix of bacterial strains isolated from arable soil
Authors: Duc Ha Danh 
Published: July 2022

Isoproturon (IPU) is widely used to control annual grasses and broad leaf weeds in cereal crops. In this study, four IPU-degrading bacterial strains, i.e., Sphingomonas sp. ISP1, Arthrobacter sp. ISP2, Acinetobacter baumannii 4IA, and Pseudomonas sp. ISP3, were isolated from agricultural soil. The mixed culture of four isolates completely degraded the herbicide at 100 mg/L within 10 days. During IPU degradation, several transient accumulations of the metabolites, including 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurea, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-urea, 4-isopropylaniline, and 4-toluidine, were also identified. Moreover, the inoculation of the isolated mixed culture into the soil from a mountain with no previous herbicide application increased the degradation rate by 51% of the herbicide on average. Furthermore, bioaugmentation with isolated bacteria in the soil resulted in short-term variations in bacterial structure compared to the unaugmented soil. The findings of this study were instrumental in understanding the mechanisms of pesticide breakdown and bioremediation in liquid media and soil.
Modeling of total and active organic carbon dynamics in agricultural soil using digital soil mapping: a case study from Central Nova Scotia
Authors: Paul Siddhartho S. , Heung Brandon , Lynch Derek H. 
Published: July 2022

Monitoring the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) pools is critical for sustainable soil and agricultural management. This case study models total and active organic carbon dynamics (2015/2016 to 2019/2020) using digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques. Model predictors include topographic variables generated from light detection and ranging data; soil and vegetation indices derived from Landsat satellite images; and soil and crop inventory information from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to predict total organic carbon (TOC) and permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXc) at the 0–15 cm depth increment for a 37 km2 study area in Truro, Nova Scotia. Quantile Regression Forest and stochastic Gradient Boosting Model were utilized for prediction. Although both models performed equally well for predicting TOC and POXc, the accuracy of TOC predictions (e.g., concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.67) was better than POXc predictions (e.g., CCC = 0.53). The Landsat variables and crop inventory were dominant predictors, while topographic variables across the relatively homogeneous terrain had relatively little influence. During the study period, changes in POXc were predicted across 98% of the study area, with a mean absolute loss of 5.77 (±11.48) mg/kg/year, and in TOC on 27% of the area, with a mean absolute loss of 0.15 (±0.09) g/kg/year. While the annual crop fields observed the highest loss of TOC and POXc, the decline in pasture–grassland–forage fields was relatively low. The study reinforced the effectiveness of DSM for modeling multiple SOC pools at the farm to landscape scales.
Numerical simulation for Tiwari–Das model for Homann flow of nanofluid due to a spiraling disk: A spectral technique
Authors: Sadiq M. N. , Sajid M. , Fahim M. , Zafar H. , Fazil M. H. 
Published: July 2022

This study extracts heat transfer analysis for the axisymmetric flow of CuO-water nanofluid imposing normal to a spiraling disk uniformly rotating and radially stretching. The combined influence of uniformly rotating and linearly radial stretching surface engenders the logarithmic spirals in motion. The governing system is transformed into a system of the ordinary differential equations that represent the flow. The Tiwari–Das [Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 50, 2002 (2007)] model is utilized to envisage the heat transfer and other physical properties of the nanofluid. A highly precise numerical technique named as Legendre wavelet-based spectral method is practiced to computing the impacts of the pertinent variables on the flow. The results of physical significance including the wall shear, skin frictions and heat transfer rate are attained for the multiple spiraling parameters and the nanoparticle volume fraction. The asymptotic results for the large spiraling parameter are also presented to analyze the flow behavior for the high spiraling parameter. The influence of the nanoparticles is also investigated and the enhancement in thermal conductivity is measured. The temperature and thermal layer thickness reduce for large spiraling parameter. Also addition of the nanoparticles enhances the heat transfer rate of the nanofluid.