bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lab-on-chip microscope platform for electro-manipulation of a dense microtubules network
Authors: Havelka Daniel , Zhernov Ilia , Teplan Michal , Lánský Zdeněk , Chafai Djamel Eddine , Cifra Michal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPulsed electric field (PEF) technology is promising for the manipulation of biomolecular components and has potential applications in biomedicine and bionanotechnology. Microtubules, nanoscopic tubular structures self-assembled from protein tubulin, serve as important components in basic cellular processes as well as in engineered biomolecular nanosystems. Recent studies in cell-based models have demonstrated that PEF affects the cytoskeleton, including microtubules. However, the direct effects of PEF on microtubules are not clear. In this work, we developed a lab-on-a-chip platform integrated with a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope system to elucidate the PEF effects on a microtubules network mimicking the cell-like density of microtubules. The designed platform enables the delivery of short (microsecond-scale), high-field-strength ($$\le$$
≤
25 kV/cm) electric pulses far from the electrode/electrolyte interface. We showed that microsecond PEF is capable of overcoming the non-covalent microtubule bonding force to the substrate and translocating the microtubules. This microsecond PEF effect combined with macromolecular crowding led to aggregation of microtubules. Our results expand the toolbox of bioelectronics technologies and electromagnetic tools for the manipulation of biomolecular nanoscopic systems and contribute to the understanding of microsecond PEF effects on a microtubule cytoskeleton.
North to south gradient and local waves of influenza in Chile
Authors: Garcia-Calavaro Christian , Harrison Lee H. , Pokutnaya Darya , Mair Christina F. , Brooks Maria M. , van Panhuis Wilbert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfluenza seasonality is caused by complex interactions between environmental factors, viral mutations, population crowding, and human travel. To date, no studies have estimated the seasonality and latitudinal patterns of seasonal influenza in Chile. We obtained influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data from 29 Chilean public health networks to evaluate seasonality using wavelet analysis. We assessed the relationship between the start, peak, and latitude of the ILI epidemics using linear and piecewise regression. To estimate the presence of incoming and outgoing traveling waves (timing vs distance) between networks and to assess the association with population size, we used linear and logistic regression. We found a north to south gradient of influenza and traveling waves that were present in the central, densely populated region of Chile. Our findings suggest that larger populations in central Chile drive seasonal influenza epidemics.
Angularly quantized spin rotations in hexagonal LuMnO3
Authors: Kim Seung , Nam Jiyeon , Xu Xianghan , Cheong Sang-Wook , Yang In-Sang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOptical control of the spin degree of freedom is often desired in application of the spin technology. Here we report spin-rotational excitations observed through inelastic light scattering of the hexagonal LuMnO3 in the antiferromagnetically (AFM) ordered state. We propose a model based on the spin–spin interaction Hamiltonian associated with the spin rotation of the Mn ions, and find that the spin rotations are angularly quantized by 60°, 120°, and 180°. Angular quantization is considered to be a consequence of the symmetry of the triangular lattice of the Mn-ion plane in the hexagonal LuMnO3. These angularly-quantized spin excitations may be pictured as isolated flat bubbles in the sea of the ground state, which may lead to high-density information storage if applied to spin devices. Optically pumped and detected spin-excitation bubbles would bring about the advanced technology of optical control of the spin degree of freedom in multiferroic materials.
Using citizen science to test for acoustic niche partitioning in frogs
Authors: Allen-Ankins Slade , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe acoustic niche hypothesis proposes that to avoid interference with breeding signals, vocal species should evolve to partition acoustic space, minimising similarity with co-occurring signals. Tests of the acoustic niche hypothesis are typically conducted using a single assemblage, with mixed outcomes, but if the process is evolutionarily important, a pattern of reduced acoustic competition should emerge, on average, over many communities. Using a continental-scale dataset derived from audio recordings collected by citizen scientists, we show that frogs do partition acoustic space. Differences in calls were predominately caused by differences in spectral, rather than temporal, features. Specifically, the 90% frequency bandwidths of observed frog assemblages overlapped less than expected, and there was greater distance between dominant frequencies than expected. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use null models to test for acoustic niche partitioning over a large geographic scale.
Differential maturation and chaperone dependence of the paralogous protein kinases DYRK1A and DYRK1B
Authors: Papenfuss Marco , Lützow Svenja , Wilms Gerrit , Babendreyer Aaron , Flaßhoff Maren , Kunick Conrad , Becker Walter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe HSP90/CDC37 chaperone system not only assists the maturation of many protein kinases but also maintains their structural integrity after folding. The interaction of mature kinases with the HSP90/CDC37 complex is governed by the conformational stability of the catalytic domain, while the initial folding of the protein kinase domain is mechanistically less well characterized. DYRK1A (Dual-specificity tyrosine (Y)-phosphorylation Regulated protein Kinase 1A) and DYRK1B are closely related protein kinases with discordant HSP90 client status. DYRK kinases stoichiometrically autophosphorylate on a tyrosine residue immediately after folding, which served us as a traceable marker of successful maturation. In the present study, we used bacterial expression systems to compare the capacity of autonomous maturation of DYRK1A and DYRK1B in the absence of eukaryotic cofactors or chaperones. Under these conditions, autophosphorylation of human DYRK1B was severely compromised when compared with DYRK1A or DYRK1B orthologs from zebrafish and Xenopus. Maturation of human DYRK1B could be restored by bacterial expression at lower temperatures, suggesting that folding was not absolutely dependent on eukaryotic chaperones. The differential folding properties of DYRK1A and DYRK1B were largely due to divergent sequences of the C-terminal lobes of the catalytic domain. Furthermore, the mature kinase domain of DYRK1B featured lower thermal stability than that of DYRK1A when exposed to heat challenge in vitro or in living cells. In summary, our study enhances the mechanistic understanding of the differential thermodynamic properties of two closely related protein kinases during initial folding and as mature kinases.
Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Luca Antonina , Cicero Calogero Edoardo , Giuliano Loretta , Sgroi Riccardo , Vancheri Edoardo , Terravecchia Claudio , Squillaci Raffaele , Rascunà Cristina , Donzuso Giulia , Mostile Giovanni , Sciacca Giorgia , Zappia Mario , Nicoletti Alessandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common prodromic non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Only few studies have evaluated the personality of RBD patients with conflicting results. Aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of Personality Disorders (PeDs)in RBD. RBD patients, PD patients and healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. All the enrolled subjects underwent a full neurological examination. Motor symptoms were evaluated with the UPDRS-Motor Examination. PeDs were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Twenty-nine RBD patients [14 men (48.3%); mean age 55.6 ± 11.1], 30 PD patients [17 men (56.7%); mean age 65.7 ± 10.7] and 30 HC [12 men (40%); mean age 65.7 ± 5.4] were enrolled in the study. PD patients had a disease duration of 4.5 ± 4.6 and presented a mean UPDRS-ME score of 26.7 ± 9.4. The most frequent PeDs was the Obsessive–Compulsive one (OCPeD); OCPeD was significantly more frequent in RBD (55.2%) patients than HC (13.3%;p-value < 0.001). No significant differences were found comparing the frequency of OCPeD in RBD patients to that in PD. In the present study, the prevalence of OCPeD in RBD patients was close to that reported in PD patients. Our data could suggest the existence of a common disease-specific RBD-PD personality profile.
Dasatinib plus quercetin attenuates some frailty characteristics in SAMP10 mice
Authors: Ota Hidetaka , Kodama Ayuto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSenolytics are a class of drugs that selectively remove senescent cells. Dasatinib and quercetin have been discovered, and their combination has shown various anti-ageing effects. The SAMP10 mouse strain is a model of brain ageing. Here, we investigated the effect of combination on frailty characteristics in SAMP10. By comparing SAMP10 with SAMR1 mice as normal ageing controls, we investigated some frailty characteristics. Frailty was assessed at 18–38 weeks of age with a clinical frailty index. Motor and cognitive function of these mice were evaluated using behavioral experiments. SAMP10 mice were divided into vehicle and combination, and these functions and histological changes in the brain hippocampus were investigated. Finally, the in vitro effects of combination on oxidative stress-induced senescent muscle and neuronal cells were investigated. As a result, we found that frailty index was higher in SAMP10 than SAMR1. Motor and cognitive function were worse in SAMP10 than SAMR1. Furthermore, combination therapy improved frailty, motor and cognitive function, and the senescent phenotype of the hippocampus compared with vehicle in SAMP10. In summary, SAMP10 showed more marked frailty characteristics than SAMR1, and dasatinib and quercetin attenuated them in SAMP10. From our results, senolytic therapy might contribute protective effects against frailty.
Spin-glass transition in the spin–orbit-entangled Jeff = 0 Mott insulating double-perovskite ruthenate
Authors: Yatsuzuka Hayato , Haraguchi Yuya , Matsuo Akira , Kindo Koichi , Katori Hiroko Aruga 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe have successfully synthesized new Ru4+ double perovskite oxides SrLaInRuO6 and SrLaGaRuO6, which are expected to be a spin–orbit coupled Jeff = 0 Mott insulating ground state. Their magnetic susceptibility is much significant than that expected for a single Ru4+ ion for which exchange coupling with other ions is negligible. Their isothermal magnetization process suggests that there are about 20 percent isolated spins. These origins would be the Ru3+/Ru5+ magnetic defects, while the regular Ru4+ sites remain nonmagnetic. Moreover, SrLaGaRuO6 shows a spin-glass-like magnetic transition at low temperatures, probably caused by isolated spins. The observed spin-glass can be interpreted by the analogy of a dilute magnetic alloy, which can be seen as a precursor to the mobile Jeff = 1 exciton as a dispersive mode as predicted.
Pre-infection plasma cytokines and chemokines as predictors of HIV disease progression
Authors: Ngcobo Samukelisiwe , Molatlhegi Refilwe P. , Osman Farzana , Ngcapu Sinaye , Samsunder Natasha , Garrett Nigel J. , Abdool Karim Salim S. , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , McKinnon Lyle R. , Sivro Aida 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have highlighted the role of pre-infection systemic inflammation on HIV acquisition risk, but the extent to which it predicts disease progression outcomes is less studied. Here we examined the relationship between pre-infection plasma cytokine expression and the rate of HIV disease progression in South African women who seroconverted during the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel trial. Bio-Plex 200 system was used to measure the expression of 47 cytokines/chemokines in 69 seroconvertors from the CAPRISA 004 trial. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to measure associations between cytokine expression and CD4 decline prior to antiretroviral therapy initiation. Linear regression models were used to assess whether pre-infection cytokine expression were predictors of disease progression outcomes including peak and set-point viral load and CD4:CD8 ratio at less and greater than180 days post infection. Several cytokines were associated with increased peak HIV viral load (including IL-16, SCGFβ, MCP-3, IL-12p40, SCF, IFNα2 and IL-2). The strongest association with peak viral load was observed for SCGFβ, which was also inversely associated with lowest CD4:CD8 ratio < 180 days post infection and faster CD4 decline below 500 cells/µl (adjusted HR 4.537, 95% CI 1.475–13.954;p = 0.008) in multivariable analysis adjusting for age, study site, contraception, baseline HSV-2 status and trial arm allocation. Our results show that pre-infection systemic immune responses could play a role in HIV disease progression, especially in the early stages of infection.
Visual learning in a virtual reality environment upregulates immediate early gene expression in the mushroom bodies of honey bees
Authors: Geng Haiyang , Lafon Gregory , Avarguès-Weber Aurore , Buatois Alexis , Massou Isabelle , Giurfa Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFree-flying bees learn efficiently to solve numerous visual tasks. Yet, the neural underpinnings of this capacity remain unexplored. We used a 3D virtual reality (VR) environment to study visual learning and determine if it leads to changes in immediate early gene (IEG) expression in specific areas of the bee brain. We focused on kakusei, Hr38 and Egr1, three IEGs that have been related to bee foraging and orientation, and compared their relative expression in the calyces of the mushroom bodies, the optic lobes and the rest of the brain after color discrimination learning. Bees learned to discriminate virtual stimuli displaying different colors and retained the information learned. Successful learners exhibited Egr1 upregulation only in the calyces of the mushroom bodies, thus uncovering a privileged involvement of these brain regions in associative color learning and the usefulness of Egr1 as a marker of neural activity induced by this phenomenon.
Sensitizer-enhanced two-photon patterning of biomolecules in photoinstructive hydrogels
Authors: Krüger Heike , Asido Marvin , Wachtveitl Josef , Tampé Robert , Wieneke Ralph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhotoresponsive hydrogels can be employed to coordinate the organization of proteins in three dimensions (3D) and thus to spatiotemporally control their physiochemical properties by light. However, reversible and user-defined tethering of proteins and protein complexes to biomaterials pose a considerable challenge as this is a cumbersome process, which, in many cases, does not support the precise localization of biomolecules in the z direction. Here, we report on the 3D patterning of proteins with polyhistidine tags based on in-situ two-photon lithography. By exploiting a two-photon activatable multivalent chelator head, we established the protein mounting of hydrogels with micrometer precision. In the presence of photosensitizers, a substantially enhanced two-photon activation of the developed tool inside hydrogels was detected, enabling the user-defined 3D protein immobilization in hydrogels with high specificity, micrometer-scale precision, and under mild light doses. Our protein-binding strategy allows the patterning of a wide variety of proteins and offers the possibility to dynamically modify the biofunctional properties of materials at defined subvolumes in 3D.
Observations and modeling of symmetric instability in the ocean interior in the Northwestern Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Zhou Hui , Dewar William , Yang Wenlong , Liu Hengchang , Chen Xu , Li Rui , Liu Chenglong , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSymmetric instability is a mechanism that can transfer geostrophic kinetic energy to overturning and dissipation. To date, symmetric instability has only been recognized to occur at the ocean surface or near topographic boundary layers. Analyses of direct microstructure measurements reveal enhanced dissipation caused by symmetric instability in the northwestern equatorial Pacific thermocline, which provides the first observational evidence of subsurface symmetric instability away from boundaries. Enhanced subsurface cross-equatorial exchange provides the negative potential vorticity needed to drive the symmetric instability, which is well reproduced by numerical modeling. These results suggest a new route to energy dissipation for large scale currents, and hence a new ocean turbulent mixing process in the ocean interior. Given the importance of vertical mixing in the evolution of equatorial thermocline, models may need to account for this mechanism to produce more reliable climate projections.
A human cell atlas of the pressure-induced hypertrophic heart
Authors: Nicin Luka , Schroeter Sam Michael , Glaser Simone Franziska , Schulze-Brüning Ralf , Pham Minh-Duc , Hille Susanne S. , Yekelchyk Michail , Kattih Badder , Abplanalp Wesley Tyler , Tombor Lukas , Müller Oliver J. , Braun Thomas , Meder Benjamin , Reich Christoph , Arsalan Mani , Holubec Tomas , Walther Thomas , Emrich Fabian , Krishnan Jaya , Zeiher Andreas M. , John David , Dimmeler Stefanie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPathological cardiac hypertrophy is a leading cause of heart failure, but knowledge of the full repertoire of cardiac cells and their gene expression profiles in the human hypertrophic heart is missing. Here, by using large-scale single-nucleus transcriptomics, we present the transcriptional response of human cardiomyocytes to pressure overload caused by aortic valve stenosis and describe major alterations in cardiac cellular crosstalk. Hypertrophied cardiomyocytes had reduced input from endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Genes encoding Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, particularly EPHB1, were significantly downregulated in cardiomyocytes of the hypertrophied heart. Consequently, EPHB1 activation by its ligand ephrin (EFN)B2, which is mainly expressed by endothelial cells, was reduced. EFNB2 inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro, while silencing its expression in endothelial cells induced hypertrophy in co-cultured cardiomyocytes. Our human cell atlas of the hypertrophied heart highlights the importance of intercellular crosstalk in disease pathogenesis and provides a valuable resource.
Physiotherapie bei Musikerinnen und Musikern
Authors: Lesjak Sarah , Morrison Fiona 
Published: February 2022

Willkommen zur 1. Ausgabe der MSK im Jahr 2022! Das Jahr beginnt mit einer Veränderung unseres Teams: Pascale Gränicher aus der Schweiz gehört ab 2022 zum Herausgeberteam! Herzlich willkommen, wir freuen uns auf eine gute Zusammenarbeit. Das Editorial übernimmt Sarah Lesjak, Geigerin und Physiotherapeutin mit einem Master-Abschluss in „Performing Arts Medicine“ des University College London. Sie arbeitet als Physiotherapeutin in Graz und absolviert berufsbegleitend das Master-Studium „Muskuloskelettale Therapie (Manuelle Therapie – OMT)“ an der Hochschule Osnabrück.Herzliche Grüße und Ihnen/Euch einen guten Start in das Jahr 2022!Fiona Morrison
Die Rettungs-BOA als Hilfsmittel zur schnellen Rettung von Piloten aus Luftfahrzeugen der Bundeswehr
Authors: Falker Anna-Maria , Daum Oliver , Schenk Anne-Christine 
Published: February 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGHintergrund: Die Rettungs-BOA ist ein Hilfsmittel zur schnellen Rettung von kritisch Verletzten aus Fahrzeugen unter Gewährleistung einer Teilimmobilisation der oberen Brustwirbelsäule und wird im Rahmen der PHTLS-Ausbildung der Bundeswehr gelehrt. Auf den Flugplätzen der Bundeswehr findet dieses Rettungshilfsmittel bisher keine flächendeckende Anwendung. Bei Flugunfällen kann es zu schweren Verletzungen der Luftfahrzeuginsassen kommen, wo genau diese Anforderungen an ein Hilfsmittel gestellt werden.Methoden: In einer Studie mit der Feuerwehr am Flugplatz Manching im August 2020 wurde die Anwendung der Rettungs-BOA an 7 verschiedenen Luftfahrzeugen getestet und mit anderen Rettungsmethoden (Rautek-Griff und KED-System) im Hinblick auf Rettungszeiten und mit Fragebögen zu Bedienerfreundlichkeit, Rückenschmerzen der Bediener sowie Vor- und Nachteilen bewertet. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mit IBM SPSS Statistik 17.0. Die Teilnahme erfolgte freiwillig. Die Daten wurden anonymisiert gespeichert.Ergebnisse: Die Rettung mittels Rautek-Griff geht erwartungsgemäß am schnellsten. Unwesentlich länger dauert die Rettung mittels BOA, gefolgt von der zeitaufwendigen Rettung mittels KED-System. In den Luftfahrzeugen Tornado, Eurofighter und A-400M erwies sich die BOA zeitlich nicht unterlegen. Insgesamt zeigte sich die Rettungs-BOA als einfaches, unkompliziertes und schnelles Rettungshilfsmittel, das sich auch bei Unerfahrenheit in der Anwendung universell in allen getesteten Luftfahrzeugen anwenden ließ.
Do perceived control and time orientation mediate the effect of early life adversity on reproductive behaviour and health status? Insights from the European Value Study and the European Social Survey
Authors: Farkas Bence Csaba , Chambon Valérian , Jacquet Pierre O. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn association between early life adversity and a range of coordinated behavioural responses that favour reproduction at the cost of a degraded health is often reported in humans. Recent theoretical works have proposed that perceived control—i.e., people’s belief that they are in control of external events that affect their lives—and time orientation—i.e., their tendency to live on a day-to-day basis or to plan for the future—are two closely related psychological traits mediating the associations between early life adversity, reproductive behaviours and health status. However, the empirical validity of this hypothesis remains to be demonstrated. In the present study, we examine the role of perceived control and time orientation in mediating the effects of early life adversity on a trade-off between reproductive traits (age at 1st childbirth, number of children) and health status by applying a cross-validated structural equation model frame on two large public survey datasets, the European Values Study (EVS, final N = 43,084) and the European Social Survey (ESS, final N = 31,065). Our results show that early life adversity, perceived control and time orientation are all associated with a trade-off favouring reproduction over health. However, perceived control and time orientation mediate only a small portion of the effect of early life adversity on the reproduction-health trade-off.