bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembly of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐cholesterol micelles for controlled quercetin delivery with toxicity test inDanio reriomodel
Authors: Nguyen‐Huu Anh‐Minh , Le Ngoc Thuy Trang , Yen Pham Nguyen Dong , Ching Yern Chee , Nguyen Dai Hai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuercetin has been studied extensively with drug delivery systems due to the drug's needs to improve in solubility, but usually the systems are complicated, evading the practical aspects and potential applications. This problem is expected to be solved using the simplistic micelles, in combination with the materials mPEG and cholesterol to gain advantages from the nano‐size, while increasing its overall stability and drug releasing. In this study PEGylated‐cholesterol micelles were prepared by co‐solvent method in 4 different drug‐polymer ratios, which were then characterized by physical–chemical, in vitro analyses and emphasized on the in vivo cytotoxicity test by H&E staining histological assay onDanio reriomodel. The results show promising features of nano‐micelles as a passive drug delivery system in size, CMC value, and prolonged drug releasing profile. Compared to free QCT, the micelles‐loaded system exhibited significantly higher toxicity in vitro, which were also demonstrated in in vivo models, where the drug‐loaded micellar systems posed mild tissue changes, while blank micelles and free quercetin were almost harmless to the animals. The results had concluded that effective delivering of micellar system does not require advanced material‐composition, rather a throughout understanding of the interactions of nano‐properties and the materials with bio‐systems.
Drug release behaviors of flexible SiO2‐polyvinyl pyrrolidone electrospun membranes responsive to multiple stimuli
Authors: Zhu Wenqian , Zhao Yanping , Tang Hanxia , Lv Fengzhu , Zhang Yihe , Guo Sufang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlexible SiO2‐polyvinyl pyrrolidone hybrid electrospun membranes were prepared using the partially hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate as cross‐linking component based on electrostatic spinning. Then ibuprofen (IBU) was absorbed on the fiber membrane and blocked by grafting azobenzene groups. The target membranes' excellent flexibility, good water resistance, and acceptable mechanical properties were shown. When the content of SiO2was 17%, the membranes could withstand at least 50 g tensile strength. Meanwhile and the water contact angle of the membranes was close to that of the skin, which was 68.44°. Also controlled in vitro release performance of IBU under UV irradiation at 37°C and pH of 6.5 was observed. The release behavior was well fitted by Ritger–Peppas kinetic model, suggesting the diffusion release mechanism of the drug. In addition, the membranes possessed the ability to release drugs into hydrogels by self‐driving. Thus, the easily prepared membranes possessed the potential to release drugs in different environments.
Dispatches from the age of crocodiles: New discoveries from ancient lineages
Authors: Holliday Casey M. , Schachner Emma R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCrocodilians inspire researchers and the public alike with their explosive hunting methodologies, distinct craniofacial and dental morphology, and resplendent fossil record. This special issue highlights recent advances in the biology and paleontology of this fascinating lineage of vertebrates. The authors in this volume bring crocodylians and their extinct ancestors to life using a variety of approaches including fieldwork, imaging, 3D modeling, developmental biology, physiological monitoring, dissection, and a host of other comparative methods. Our journey begins with early crocodylomorphs from the Triassic, carries us through the radiation of crocodyliforms during the rest of the Mesozoic Era, and finally celebrates the diversification development and biology of extant crocodylians. Crocodyliform science has grown appreciably the past few decades. New fossil species and genetic evidence continue to keep phylogenies and our understanding of relationships wavering in key places of the tree such as the relationships of the extinct marine thalattosuchians as well as still living species like gharials. The application of imaging approaches and 3D modeling to both preserved tissues as well as living specimens is now revealing patterns in brain and lung evolution and function, growth strategies, and feeding and locomotor behaviors across the lineage. Comparative anatomical studies are offering new data on genitals, cephalic venous drainage and thoracoabdominal pressures. The new discoveries found here only reveal there is far more work to be done to understand the biology and behavior responsible for the great radiation extinct suchians and their crocodylian descendants experienced during their conquest of Mesozoic and Tertiary ecosystems.
The regrouping of Luminal B (HER2 negative), a better discriminator of outcome and recurrence score
Authors: Yang Zheng‐Jun , Liu Yu‐Xiao , Huang Yue , Chen Zu‐Jin , Zhang Hao‐Zhi , Yu Yue , Wang Xin , Cao Xu‐Chen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. High recurrence risk Luminal BC receives adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to standard hormone therapy. Considering the heterogeneity of Luminal B BC, a more accurate classification model is urgently needed.MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 1603 patients who were diagnosed with HER2‐negative breast invasive ductal carcinoma. According to the expression level of PR and Ki‐67 index, the Luminal B (HER2‐negative) BCs were divided into three groups: ER+PR−Ki67low (ER‐positive, PR‐negative, and Ki‐67 index <20%), ER+PR+Ki67high (ER‐positive, PR‐positive, and Ki‐67 index ≥20%), and ER+PR−Ki67high (ER‐positive, PR‐negative, and Ki‐67 index ≥20%). The cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between each variable and outcomes. Besides, discriminatory accuracy of the models was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and log‐rank χ2 value.ResultsThe analysis results showed that there was a significant correlation between subtypes using this newly defined classification and overall survival (p < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001). Interestingly, patients in the ER+PR−Ki67high subgroup have the worst survival outcome in Luminal B (HER2‐negative) subtype, similar to Triple‐negative patients. Besides, the ER+PR+Ki67high has worse 5‐year DFS compared with Luminal A group. There was a significant relationship between the regrouping subtype and the recurrence score index (RI) (p < 0.001). Moreover, the results showed that patients in ER+PR–Ki67high subtype were more likely to have high RI for distance recurrence (RI‐DR) and local recurrence (RI‐LRR). Our newly defined classification has a better discrimination ability to predict survival outcome and recurrence score of Luminal B (HER2‐negative) BC patients, which may help in clinical decision‐making for individual treatment.
Tooth instance segmentation based on capturing dependencies and receptive field adjustment in cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Dou Wenhan , Gao Shanshan , Mao Deqian , Dai Honghao , Zhang Chenhao , Zhou Yuanfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutomatic and accurate instance segmentation of teeth can provide important support for computer‐aided orthodontic work. Traditional methods for tooth segmentation studies often ignore the rich structural features of teeth. Capturing the complete and accurate geometry as well as morphological details of a single tooth remains a challenge for current tooth segmentation studies. In this article, a new tooth segmentation deeplearning network based on capturing dependencies and receptive field adjustment in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is proposed to achieve automatic and accurate instance segmentation of dental CBCT data. The method acquires coarse‐level features of tooth and accurate tooth centroids in the first stage, and acquires the instance information and spatial position localization of the tooth. The encoding process in the second stage of the network introduces a guidance module for obtaining tooth geometry information based on a 3D self‐attention mechanism to capture dependencies in CBCT. The proposed tooth feature integration module is based on multiscale fusion of dilated convolutions to capture tooth detailed information at multiple scales, and the network receptive field was adjusted. Extensive evaluation, ablation, and comparison experiments demonstrate that our method exhibits state‐of‐the‐art segmentation performance and accurate instance segmentation results, reflecting their potential applicability in clinical medicine.
Allocation strategy for time‐sensitive tasks in mobile edge computing: An observable perspective
Authors: Chen Mengpan , Jin Shunfu , Chen Li 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWith the development of computing technology and the popularization of application in 5G network, mobile‐edge computing (MEC), which can effectively reduce time delay and save energy consumption, has attracted extensive attention from the academic community. How to make a suitable allocation decision for tasks becomes one of the critical issues in MEC systems. In order to yield the most benefit to a newly arriving task, by placing a decision making module (DMM) in a mobile device, a MEC system architecture is presented. Based on the net benefit of a newly arriving task, the DMM makes a decision of dropping the task, allocating the task to the local execution system, or offloading the task to the MEC server via the transmission system. From the observable perspective of task individuals, a pure threshold strategy is proposed to show that a Nash equilibrium is always allowed. By constructing a two‐dimensional continuous‐time Markov chain, a social optimal threshold strategy is proposed. Numerical results show that threshold under the pure threshold strategy is always greater than that under the social optimal threshold strategy. For this, a charging policy is presented to coincide the pure threshold strategy with the social optimal threshold strategy.
A triple boost 13‐level switched‐capacitor based multi‐level inverter topology for solar PV applications
Authors: Wasiq Mohammad , Siddique Marif Daula , Sarwar Adil , Iqbal Atif , Mekhilef Saad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA High Gain High‐Level switched‐capacitor multilevel inverter with low voltage stress requires a lower number of devices at peak output voltage and a reduced number of circuit components along with an increase in voltage boosting capability. The features of the proposed topology include inherent boosting (Gain: 3) and self‐voltage balancing properties. To avoid complex algorithms, calculations and obtain superior quality output voltage the nearest level control (NLC) modulation technique is used. The extension of the topology has also been derived for the higher voltage gain and levels by adding four switches and one capacitor. The proposed topology has been compared with the recently developed topologies. The power loss analysis and simulation analysis has been done with different loading conditions under the environment of PLECS 4.2.18 and MATLAB® 2018a, respectively. A hardware bench has been set up to show the verification of the simulation results with hardware results.
The interaction between metabolic rate, habitat choice, and resource use in a polymorphic freshwater species
Authors: Andersson Matilda L. , Scharnweber Kristin , Eklöv Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Resource polymorphism is common across taxa and can result in alternate ecotypes with specific morphologies, feeding modes, and behaviors that increase performance in a specific habitat. This can result in high intraspecific variation in the expression of specific traits and the extent to which these traits are correlated within a single population. Although metabolic rate influences resource acquisition and the overall pace of life of individuals it is not clear how metabolic rate interacts with the larger suite of traits to ultimately determine individual fitness.

We examined the relationship between metabolic rates and the major differences (habitat use, morphology, and resource use) between littoral and pelagic ecotypes of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from a single lake in Central Sweden.

Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was significantly higher in pelagic perch but did not correlate with resource use or morphology. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) was not correlated with any of our explanatory variables or with SMR. Aerobic scope (AS) showed the same pattern as SMR, differing across habitats, but contrary to expectations, was lower in pelagic perch.

This study helps to establish a framework for future experiments further exploring the drivers of intraspecific differences in metabolism. In addition, since metabolic rates scale with temperature and determine predator energy requirements, our observed differences in SMR across habitats will help determine ecotype‐specific vulnerabilities to climate change and differences in top‐down predation pressure across habitats.
Host–parasite coevolution: Partitioning the effects of natural selection and environmental change using coupled Price equations
Authors: Lively Curtis M. , Wade Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGeorge Price showed how the effects of natural selection and environmental change could be mathematically partitioned. This partitioning may be especially useful for understanding host–parasite coevolution, where each species represents the environment for the other species. Here, we use coupled Price equations to study this kind of antagonistic coevolution. We made the common assumption that parasites must genetically match their host's genotype to avoid detection by the host's self/nonself recognition system, but we allowed for the possibility that non‐matching parasites have some fitness. Our results show how natural selection on one species results in environmental change for the other species. Numerical iterations of the model show that these environmental changes can periodically exceed the changes in mean fitness due to natural selection, as suggested by R.A. Fisher. Taken together, the results give an algebraic dissection of the eco‐evolutionary feedbacks created during host–parasite coevolution.
Favorable winds speed up bird migration in spring but not in autumn
Authors: Nussbaumer Raphaël , Schmid Baptiste , Bauer Silke , Liechti Felix 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWind has a significant yet complex effect on bird migration speed. With prevailing south wind, overall migration is generally faster in spring than in autumn. However, studies on the difference in airspeed between seasons have shown contrasting results so far, in part due to their limited geographical or temporal coverage. Using the first full‐year weather radar data set of nocturnal bird migration across western Europe together with wind speed from reanalysis data, we investigate variation of airspeed across season. We additionally expand our analysis of ground speed, airspeed, wind speed, and wind profit variation across time (seasonal and daily) and space (geographical and altitudinal). Our result confirms that wind plays a major role in explaining both temporal and spatial variabilities in ground speed. The resulting airspeed remains relatively constant at all scales (daily, seasonal, geographically and altitudinally). We found that spring airspeed is overall 5% faster in Spring than autumn, but we argue that this number is not significant compared to the biases and limitation of weather radar data. The results of the analysis can be used to further investigate birds' migratory strategies across space and time, as well as their energy use.
Topological optimization applied to a variable density and conductivity model of pollution in porous media
Authors: Dia Mouhamadou Baidy , Faye Ibrahima , Sy Alassane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article deals with modeling and numerical study of pollutants transfer in porous media by topological optimization. Indeed we perform the modeling of pollution in porous media in non‐permanent cases by assuming the variability or not of some parameters such as the conductivity and the density. The model of pollutants transfer obtained in the case when the conductivity and the density are constant is similar to meadows of few coefficients to the one obtained by varying (with respect to the space) only the conductivity. By taking into account the space variability of density, conductivity, and diffusion under some assumptions we obtain a more realistic model of pollutants transfer. Topological optimization applied to these models allows reaching numerically the optimal design of a least squared functional. In fact, topological derivatives are used as descent direction and permit to creation of circular or cylindrical holes in order to decrease the considered cost function. Numerical results obtained are presented for Neumann and Dirichlet conditions on the boundary of the holes for 2 and 3 dimensions in nonpermanent cases of pollutants transfer.
Enhanced temperature uniformity with minimized pressure drop in electric vehicle battery packs at elevated C‐rates
Authors: Gungor Sahin , Cetkin Erdal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe trend of transition from fossil fuel to electrification in transportation is a result of no carbon emission produced by electric vehicles (EVs) during their daily operations. Furthermore, the global carbon footprint of EVs can be minimized if the electricity is generated from renewable sources such as wind and solar. On the other hand, there are some drawbacks of these vehicles such as charging time being very long and the mileage range of vehicles not at the desired level. Battery cells are being charged at relatively high C‐rates to eliminate these problems, yet high current rates accelerate the aging of batteries and capacity losses due to the generated heat. Generated heat causes overheating, and excess temperature triggers degradation and thermal runaway risks. This paper uncovers how the battery pack temperature uniformity and strict thermal control can be achieved with heat transfer enhancement by conduction (cold plates) and convection (vascular channels). We aimed to reduce the energy consumption of the EV battery pack system while increasing the thermal performance. The impact of the thermal contact resistance is also considered for many realistic scenarios. The results indicate that an integrated system with cold plates and vascular channels satisfies the temperature uniformity requirement (over 81%) with comparatively less pumping power (∼72%) of advanced electric vehicles for relatively high C‐rates. Furthermore, findings show the temperature level can increase up to 4°C as thermal contact resistance increases. The proposed cooling technique, which has low cost, easy application, and lower energy consumption superiorities, can be implemented in palpable EV battery packs.
Childcare providers’ views of challenging child behaviors, suspension, and expulsion: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Mondi Christina F. , Rihal Tripat K. , Magro Sophia W. , Kerber Sydney , Carlson Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious research has underscored a need to understand the experiences and decision‐making processes that contribute to suspension and expulsion in early care and education settings, particularly among young children of color. The present study conducted qualitative interviews with 20 center‐ and family‐based childcare providers from the Minnesota Early Care and Education (MECE) study. Participants were asked about challenging child behaviors that they have encountered, their perceptions of these behaviors and how they manage them, and their thought processes around suspension and expulsion. Overall, the most frequently reported categories of challenging behaviors were physical aggression and noncompliance/defiance/arguing. The most commonly reported perceived causes of challenging behaviors were typical child development and parenting problems. The primary reported strategy for addressing challenging behaviors was connecting with the child, with relatively few providers reporting using other evidence‐based strategies. Finally, the most commonly reported reasons for considering suspension or expulsion were the providers feeling they had exhausted options and could not meet the child's needs, and the child's behavior being perceived as dangerous to self or others. Implications for future research and practice (including increased support services for childcare providers) are discussed.
Multistage adaptive noise reduction technique for optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Guezzi Nizar , Lee Changho , Le Thanh Dat , Seong Hyojin , Choi Kang‐Ho , Min Jung‐Joon , Yu Jaesok 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotoacoustic microscopy has received great attention due to the benefits of the optical resolution contrast as well as its superior spatial resolution and relatively deep depth. Like other imaging modalities, photoacoustic images suffer from noise, and filtering techniques are required to remove them. To overcome the noise, we proposed a combination of filters, including an adaptive median filter, an effective filter for impulsive noise, and a nonlocal means filter, an effective filter for background noise, for noise removal and image quality enhancement. Our proposed method enhanced the signal‐to‐noise ratio by 16 dB in an in vivo study compared to the traditional image reconstruction approach and preserved the image detail with minimal blurring, which usually occurs when filtering. These experimental results verified that the proposed adaptive multistage denoising techniques could effectively improve image quality under noisy data acquisition conditions, providing a strong foundation for photoacoustic microscopy with limited laser power.
Hsa_circ_0129047 regulates the miR‐375/ACVRL1 axis to attenuate the progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fan Jinxiu , Xia Xiaofan , Fan Zhongjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are attractive candidates to be used as biomarkers of human cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Our study aimed to investigate the functions and regulatory mechanisms of hsa_circ_0129047 in the tumorigenesis of LUAD.MethodsReverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the circRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA expression levels in LUAD cell lines and tissues. Tumor xenografts were established in nude mice to evaluate whether hsa_circ_0129047 affected LUAD tumor development in vivo. Cell counting kit‐8 and transwell assays were performed to assess the mechanisms by which hsa_circ_0129047 influenced the viability and migration of LUAD cells, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated via determination of the levels of the apoptotic markers, B‐cell lymphoma‐2, and Bcl‐2‐associated X, via Western blotting. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed to determine the relationships among miR‐375 and hsa_circ_0129047 and activin A receptor‐like type 1 (ACVRL1).ResultsDownregulation of hsa_circ_0129047 levels was observed in LUAD cell lines and tissues. Meanwhile, the upregulation of hsa_circ_0129047 levels repressed the proliferative, migratory, and survival capacities of LUAD cells in vitro. Hsa_circ_0129047 exerted antitumor effects during in vivo tumor development. Finally, we demonstrated that hsa_circ_0129047 sponged miR‐375. This interaction facilitated the expression of the downstream target of miR‐375, ACVRL1, whose upregulation inhibited the development and malignancy of LUAD.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that hsa_circ_0129047 functions as a tumor inhibitor in LUAD by modulating the miR‐375/ACVRL1 axis. Hence, hsa_circ_0129047 may be a promising biomarker and gene target for LUAD treatment.