bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Distance from the Tricklers on Soil Salinity and Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn in an Arid Zone1
Authors: Goldberg D. , Shmueli M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of the distance between crop row and tricklers on growth and yield of sweet corn, and on soil moisture and salinity was studied. The max yield was obtained when the nozzles were located 5-25 cm from the plants. Less vigorous vegetative development resulted when the tricklers were at a distance of 50 cm. The salt concn in the 0 to 30-cm soil layer increased with distance from the trickle line. Soil water tension was almost constant throughout the irrigation cycle at distances between 5 to 35 cm, it was lower at 0 cm from the tricklers, and markedly higher at 50 cm from the irrigation line.
Relationship Between Surface Color Development and Total Soluble Solids in Papaya1
Authors: Akamine Ernest K. , Goo Theodore 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using the puree juice of 1/2 fruit for soluble solids determination, it was found that for freshly harvested fruit to meet the min % soluble solids (SS) of 11.5 required by Hawaiian grade standards for marketable papayas, the fruit should have at least 6% surface yellow coloration. For postharvest ripened fruit, the min degree of surface coloring when harvested should be as least 3% for the ripened fruit to meet the min soluble solids (SS) requirement. Because the 6% surface coloration is more readily visible than the 3% level in the papaya orchard, the higher stage of coloration is recommended as a index for min harvest maturity.
The Use of a Multi-Celled Apparatus for Anaerobic Studies of Flooded Root Systems1
Authors: Culbert D. L. , Ford H. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A circulating system with sufficient versatility to permit monitoring and control of solutions in the flooded root rhizosphere is described. The system circulates anaerobic solutions around plant roots or can be used to simulate the type of flooded environment necessary for anaerobic bacterial activity. The composition of the solution can be monitored before, during, and after contact with the roots. Oxygen deficiency per se was relatively harmless to citrus roots, whereas severe root damage occurred from exposure to < 3 ppm total sulfides at pH 6 for 7 days. Tolerance to flooding of rough lemon appears to be associated with tolerance to injury by H2S.
Transpiration of Antirrhinum majus L. in Relation to Radiant Energy in the Greenhouse1
Authors: Rutland Rufus F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transpiration rate was determined by continuously recording the wt of a snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus, L., cv. Panama) growing in gravel-vermiculite in a sealed plastic pot in a greenhouse. A continuous recording of intensity of solar radiation enabled a direct comparison between radiation intensity and rate of transpiration under varying light conditions in mid-summer. Transpiration was directly affected by radiation except when the plant wilted and reduced transpiration through stomatal closure. Temporary cloud cover reduced transpiration periodically. Continuous cloud cover and shade cloth reduced transpiration as long as the covering was present. Variations in rate of transpiration and radiation intensity occurred more rapidly than did variations in air temp or vapor pressure deficit in the greenhouse. Daily transpiration correlated very closely with daily radiation over a range of radiation of 150 to 400 cal/cm2/day.
The Blue Collar Worker in Horticulture
Authors: Judkins Wesley P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The opportunities for blue collar workers in horticulture are real and expanding. Alert educators appreciate the need for skilled personnel to perform the many specialized tasks in this important agricultural field. Some of the more common positions include plant propagator, golf course or park maintenance foreman, horticultural research technician, landscape foreman, landscape contractor, landscape gardener, garden center or flower shop manager, greenhouse grower or foreman, orchard or vegetable production foreman, packing shed managers, and nursery or seed company shipping superintendents. Many other positions could be cited.
Transition from Traditional “Vo-Ag” to “Vo-Agri-Business” and “Vo-Hort” in the Midwest
Authors: Kahler Alan A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Changes are taking place in expanding vocational agriculture programs to meet a broader spectrum of occupational needs. Here I confine my discussion to the midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and Wisconsin, which represent 2 of the regions in the current organizational pattern of the national vocational agriculture program as established by the U. S. Office of Education.
The Role of Amateurs in Horticultural Education
Authors: Widmoyer Fred B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Through horticultural education, we aspire to develop men and women with ability to make wise, independent decisions based upon facts, clear reasoning, and understanding. Many levels of education undoubtedly will be expanded because of need, change, interest, and publicity. Early vocational training in gardening evolved through apprenticeships of gardeners and landscapes. Later, formal horticultural courses at all educational levels have been incorporated into school curricula. Through this system, horticulturists were exposed to an intensive educational experience in a short time.
A Curriculum in Processing Management
Authors: Singletary C. C. , Ammerman G. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Following World War II and particularly during the 1950’s, a technological revolution occurred in agriculture. Farming became big business and farm management became the key to a successful economic operation. The term agri-business occurred on the scene indicating that agriculture would need to become married to business to succeed. Recognizing the importance of business in agriculture, Mississippi State University developed a business option along with production and science curricula in each department. As of 1970, few students had elected the business option in the College of Agriculture. On the other hand, the College of Business developed from one of the smaller colleges in the university in the late 1950’s to the college with the largest enrollment in 1970.
Performance of Rice Hull Media for Pot Easter Lilies Under Three Forcing Systems1
Authors: Einert A. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Potting media containing parboiled rice hulls as a sand or soil substitute were compared to a soil-sand-peat mix for the production of potted Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Ace under 3 forcing systems: precooling (PC), natural cooling (NC), and controlled temperature forcing (CTF). Plants grown in media containing rice hulls were delayed in flowering (2-3 days) and possessed more flower buds (0.9 buds) independently of forcing system with no effect on stem ht and root dry wt at bloom time. NC and CTF reduced forcing time, and increased stem ht and flower no. over PC. Rice hulls-sand-peat mix increased leaf no. by approx 10 leaves per stem over soil-sand-peat mix under PC or NC but in soil-sand-peat mix, CTF plants had 11 to 15 more leaves per stem than PC and NC plants. Rice hulls in the potting media resulted in lighter wt and improved drainage.
The Effect of Damage to Cotyledons or Primary Leaves on the Development of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)1
Authors: Rylski Irena , Halevy A. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The removal of cotyledons retarded the development and flowering of California Wonder pepper. The effective action of the cotyledons in plant development lasted for about 7 days, the time required for the first pair of leaves to reach cotyledonary size. Removal after 7 days did not affect further development. Removal of the first pair of true leaves did not retard flowering.
Nitrate Reductase in Leaves of Ericaceae1
Authors: Routley Douglas G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitrate reductase was induced in detached leaves of a number of species of Ericaceae by infiltration with KNO3 solution after which enzymatic activity was determined. Considerable activity was found in the leaves of some species and cultivars indicating an inherent capability to synthesize the enzyme in the presence of nitrate. For many members of the ericaceous family, however, the very low level of activity found in the leaves suggests this organ may play little or no part in the reduction of nitrate.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Kohl Harry C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water is in a ubiquitous position relative to the life processes and living plants. This must not be construed to mean that water is a plentiful commodity. As we will see it is not. We need to conserve it; and it is reasonable to assume that major advances in water conservation will come about through careful management, selection, and use of plants since most of the water used is transpired from them. Therein lies an opportunity and a responsibility for horticulturists to inform first themselves and then the community and its various private and public action agencies of what measures can be taken.
Water Relations, Effects of Floral Preservatives on Bud Opening, and Keeping Quality of Cut Flowers
Authors: Marousky Francis J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Loss of turgor, or moisture depletion, in cut flowers contributes to deterioration. Chemically fortified flower preservatives have been shown to maintain turgor and prolong cut flower life. However, the mechanism by which floral preservatives reduce moisture stress and prevent deterioration is elusive. If physiological responses could be related to preservative components we might be able to explain deterioration and to isolate its causal factors.
Seed Development in Certain Florida Tetraploid and Hexaploid Blueberries1
Authors: Edwards T. W. , Sherman W. B. , Sharpe R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed development of blueberry (Vaccinivm spp.) from pollination to fruit maturity was investigated for Florida selections ‘4-15’ and ‘4-71’ (2n=4x=48); and Bluegem’ (2n=6x=72). Embryo abortion was observed in each immediately following fertilization, at the end of stage I of fruit development, and during early stage II of fruit development.
Influence of Longtime Nitrogen, Pruning and Irrigation Treatments Upon Yield, Growth, and Longevity of ‘Elberta’ and ‘Redhaven’ Peach Trees1
Authors: Cummings George A. , Ballinger W. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Irrigation did not influence total yield, growth, or longevity of ‘Elberta’ or ‘Redhaven’ peach trees. Yields were depressed when N was reduced to 0.2 kg/tree (approx 1/2 recommended rate) with both cultivars. Increasing N above the recommended rate did not influence yield. Highest yields were obtained with lightest pruning level but fruit size was reduced. Random tree loss occurred with all treatments but was highest with low N rates.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Hoff Johan E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The accomplishments of workers in the fields of horticulture and food technology during the last few decades are indisputable and impressive. The horticulturist has performed wonders in crop improvement and yields. The food technologist has brought an ever-increasing variety of foods to the consumer at reasonable prices. Together they have made our diet independent of season and location.
Processing Effects on the Nutritional Components of Horticultural Crops
Authors: Nelson Philip E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Man has depended upon fresh commodities for proper nutrition. However, history reveals that early voyages stopped abruptly upon the exhaustion of the fresh food supply, armies starved as their rations spoiled and became depleted, and settlers died during the winter months due to an insufficient supply of nutritious foods. In order to provide an adequate diet the year around, deterioration of the perishable foodstuffs had to be eliminated. Thus, the beginning and justification of modern food processing.
Astringency Removal in Persimmon Fruits with Ethephon1
Authors: Awad M. , Amenomori H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Applications of ethylene have been shown to be effective in removing astringency from fruits of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) (1). (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon)4, an ethylene generator, was applied to uniform, firm, and well colored ‘Taubate’ persimmon fruits the day after harvest in concn of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm by immersion for 1 hr (2) to determine its effect on fruit astringency. The fruits were maintained at room temp.
Coconut Fruit Drop Induced by Ethephon and Chlorflurenol1
Authors: Criley Richard A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abscission of young fruits of the coconut palm occurred following sprays of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (chlorflurenol) at 2500 and 5000 ppm, but not if the inflorescence was sprayed prior to the time pistillate flowers were receptive. Fruits ranging in diam from 4 to 8 cm abscised the most readily, but occasionally maturing fruit up to 20 cm diam were affected.
Carbon Dioxide Injury to Lettuce as Influenced by Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen Levels1
Authors: Stewart Joseph K. , Uota M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Added CO (1½%) or low O2 (3%) increased the susceptibility of head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., ‘Great Lakes’ type) to CO2 injury (brown stain). The combination of low O2, added CO, and high CO2 (2½ − 10%) was particularly damaging.
Correlation of the Electrical Conductivities of the Saturated Paste Extract (ECe) and the 1:2 Soil-to-Water Extract (EC2) as a Function of Saturation Percentage in Greenhouse Soil Mixes1
Authors: Rugland Rufus B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
ECe/EC2 was correlated with saturation percentage (SP) of a no. of greenhouse soil mixes using native soils of varying texture amended with peat and sand. ECe/EC2 varied from 3.0 to 6.0, which makes the application of a single conversion factor unsuitable to interpret EC2 analysis on the basis of published ECe limits of tolerance. Accurate interpretation of EC2 analyses could be made only if SP of the soil is known. A predominance of compounds of divalent ions, particularly sulfates, lower the ECe/EC2 ratio.
Cold-Hardiness Response of Ilex crenata Thumb, cv. Hetzi Roots to Nitrogen Source and Potassium1
Authors: Havis J. R. , Fitzgerald R. D. , Maynard D. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fall applications of K and or forms of N did not significantly affect the cold hardiness of Ilex crenata ‘Hetzi’ roots. The fertilizer treatments resulted in variations in leaf total N from 1.66% to 3.26% and leaf K from 0.85% to 1.25% in Jan. Natural freezing of the container media during Dec. and Jan. did not significantly increase the cold hardiness of the roots. Hardiness test results with the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) method agreed closely with results from survival tests with intact plants.
New Grape Cultivars
Authors: Cahoon Garth A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the initiation of a long range grape-wine research and development program in 1960, Ohio's viticultural industry has entered into a period of renewed growth and commercial success. Several French hybrid cultivars introduced to the Midwest by Ohio horticulturists have generated increasing interest, particularly from the wine standpoint. (See page 229.)
Nitrate Content of Vegetable Crops1
Authors: Maynard D. N. , Barker A. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Considerable concern for the quality of our environment and its effects on various species of plant and animal life, and of course humans, has been recently expressed. One specific aspect of this concern is the possibility that vegetable products may contain large amounts of nitrate. The implication made is that increased use of nitrogenous fertilizers must always result in an increased nitrate concn in the plant product (4). This is not necessarily the case, since a great number of factors govern nitrate accumulation in plants.
The Evolution of Plant Hormone Analysis1
Authors: Powell Loyd E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The analysis of plant extracts or diffusates for hormones has always bordered on the mysterious, and has been fraught with pitfalls for even determined investigators. Many of the problems have arisen from the exceedingly low concentrations in which hormones generally occur, and which consequently have necessitated the employment of bioassays. In recent years improved instrumentation has made it increasingly feasible to employ physical methods for detection and measurement of these substances. The options available are confusing, particularly to those new to the field. It is the purpose of this brief review to put in perspective the various methods available to an investigator, and to elaborate on the direction we seem to be moving.
Response of Trickle-Irrigated Pepper in an Arid Zone to Various Water Regimes1
Authors: Shmueli M. , Goldberg D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. California Wonder) were irrigated by trickling at a constant frequency of 1-2 days with 4 different amounts of water based on evaporation from a Class A pan. The amounts applied were 0.82, 0.95, 1.33, and 1.75 of the pan evaporation. An optimum curve was obtained for the relation between yield and water application, with the maximum yield resulting from use of the 1.33 factor. Determinations of salt content in the soil and plants, and measurements of soil moisture showed that even the smallest water application was adequate to leach the root zone and to maintain a low and almost constant soil moisture tension. The optimum curve was found to be primarily due to a relatively small yield increase during the latter part of the harvest period when the potential evapotranspiration is increasing.
Antitranspirant Film Detection by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cathodoluminescence1
Authors: Fisher Mary Ann W. , Lyon Terry L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to verify the presence of transparent films applied as antitranspirants to foliage surfaces. The accurate location of the antitranspirant film is seldom shown by the secondary electron image, but is uniformly detected by cathodoluminescence of RD-9 and of CS-6432 plus the dye BriMant Yellow 6G Base.
An Evaluation of Man-Made Fog for Frost Protection on Citrus in Southern California1
Authors: Brewer Robert F. , Miller Marvin , Austin Stanley W. , Turrell Franklin M. , Hoeger John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of cetyl alcohol stabilized fog on air, leaf and fruit temp were studied in a southern California citrus orchard in Riverside County during the winter of 1969-70. Although a blanket of man-made fog was found to reduce outgoing radiation 10% and raised air temp 0.5-l5C (1-2°F) and outside leaf temp 1-1.5°C (2-3°F), significant shifts in direction of drift greatly complicated the use of this frost protection device. Net radiation, a measure of heat loss to the sky, was reduced approx 10% by the fog cover.
Screening Growth Regulators for Vegetative Growth Control of Citrus1
Authors: Phillips R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Of 20 growth regulating materials applied as sprays at various rates to sour orange (C. aurantium L.) and rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) seedlings, 3 reduced plant height by increasing branching and 5 retarded growth generally, some with extreme morphological effects. There were response differences between the sour orange and rough lemon seedlings.
Long-Term Growth-Retardant Effects of (+)-Limonene Derivatives on Citrus1
Authors: Newhall William F. , Pieringer A. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growth-retardant effects of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH), 1 n-alkyl and 2 benzyl quaternary ammonium derivatives of (+)-limonene were determined after application of 2 foliar sprays on young grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) seedlings which were subsequently pruned to remove all growth. Only the n-alkyl derivative, l-p-menthanol-2-dimethylamino heptyl bromide (Q-58), caused dwarfing and marked internode shortening of new growth on all treated plants 71 days after the second foliar spray. A similar experiment on a larger scale using Q-58 and 2 new n-alkyl derivatives of (+)-limonene produced retardation of new growth for 136 days after the second foliar spray. However, true dwarfing was only apparent in a few of the treated seedlings. These results indicate that n-alkyl quaternary ammonium derivatives of (+)-limonene are stored in the roots or lower stems of grapefruit seedlings and can continue to retard terminal shoot development for about 4 months after treatment.
Tree Physiological Condition as a Source of Variation in Chemical Thinning of Apple Fruits1
Authors: Hennerty Michael J. , Forshey C. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The physiological condition of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees was altered by scoring, shading, defoliation and defruiting. The combination of treatments and natural variation produced a tree population with varying carbohydrate and nitrogen contents and with varying vigor, flowering, and fruit-set. There was also a wide range in response to a fruit-thinning spray of 10 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) superimposed over these treatments. Fruit-set was the only factor that influenced the degree of thinning, but fruit-set itself was affected by tree vigor and nitrogen content. No relationship was found between any carbohydrate fraction and fruit-set or effectiveness of NAA.
Embryo Sac Development in a Partially Male-Sterile Red Raspberry Selection1
Authors: Virdi Bessie V. , Eaton G. W. , Daubeny Hugh A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) selection, ‘Ore-US 1314’, embryo sacs developed according to the Polygonum type but 6 days after anthesis 64% were degenerate as compared to 47% for a crumbly-fruited clone of ‘Sumner’, and 0% for normal-fruited clones of ‘Sumner’ and ‘Willamette’. The nature of the degeneration appeared to differ between the 2 partially-sterile clones, apparently taking place before maturity of the embryo sac incrumbly ‘Sumner’ but after full differentiation of the sac contents in ‘Ore-US 1314’.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Melon Aphid in a Muskmelon Line1
Authors: Bohn G. W. , Kishaba A. N. , Toba H. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When free choice was available in the Geld, build up of melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover, Western Biotype) was extremely low on Cucumis melo L. breeding line U 90234 derived from PI 175111, even if it was next to heavily infested suscepts. LJ 90234 infested with large no. of aphids which were given no choice for food survived with little injury while treated susceptible hosts were killed. Melon aphid nymphs confined on young mature leaves of LJ 90234 often died and survivors grew slowly to small body size and their fecundity was reduced. LJ 90234 is attacked by other insects, however. LJ 90234 appears to exhibit nonpreference, apparent tolerance, and apparent antibiosis to the melon aphid.
Stability of Gynoecism in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus, L.) as Affected by Hybridization with the Hermaphrodite ‘TAMU 950’1
Authors: Mulkey W. A. , Pike L. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two gynoecious inbred lines of cucumber, ‘Gy 3’ and ‘MSU 35G’ their hybrids with the hermaphroditic ‘TAMU 950’ and backcrosses of the hybrids to their respective gynoecious parents were treated with gibberellin to test the phenotypic stability of gynoecism. Hybridization with ‘TAMU 950’ stabilized the gynoecious character and gibberellin A4/A7 provided a good test of stability.