bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation and Evaluation of a Participatory Child Abuse and Neglect Workshop for Medical Students
Authors: Giannakas Christos , Manta Aspasia , Livanou Maria Effrosyni , Daniil Vasiliki , Paraskeva Angeliki , Georgiadou Maria-Konstantina , Griva Nefeli , Papaevangelou Vassiliki , Tsolia Maria , Leventhal John M. , Soldatou Alexandra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Since child abuse and neglect (CAN) is prevalent worldwide, medical students should acquire basic knowledge, skills, and confidence in identifying and addressing CAN. Significant educational efforts have been previously described, but none has focused on participatory methods to teach medical students CAN.
Purpose
To: 1) develop a participatory educational workshop in CAN for medical students, 2) gather, train, and establish a peer-to-peer teaching group, and 3) assess the effectiveness of the workshop in gain of knowledge and improvement of self-confidence for participants.
Methods
A two-hour workshop was created with role-playing, the use of dolls and peer-to-peer teaching. A 15-item knowledge and a 9-item self-confidence questionnaire were used before, right after, and six months after the workshops.
Results
Nine workshops in two academic pediatric departments with a total attendance of 300 6th year medical students were conducted. For the 69 students who completed the questionnaires at all three times, there were statistically significant gains in knowledge right after (p<.001) and six months after (p<.0001) the workshops. Similarly, self-confidence increased right after (p<.0001) and six months after (p<.001) the workshops. Self-selection bias testing indicated that these 69 students who completed all three questionnaires were representative of those who completed the pre-testing and the testing right after.
Conclusions
We successfully established a thriving peer-to-peer teaching group to conduct nine participatory workshops that improved the participants’ knowledge and self-confidence in CAN. This feasible and novel active learning approach may help address inadequacies in medical curricula.
Quantum algorithm for band structures with local tight-binding orbitals
Authors: Sherbert Kyle , Jayaraj Anooja , Nardelli Marco Buongiorno 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While the main thrust of quantum computing research in materials science is to accurately measure the classically intractable electron correlation effects due to Coulomb repulsion, designing optimal quantum algorithms for simpler problems with well-understood solutions is a useful tactic to advance our quantum ``toolbox''. With this in mind, we consider the quantum calculation of a periodic system's single-electron band structure over a path through reciprocal space. Previous efforts have used the Variational Quantum Eigensolver algorithm to solve the energy of each band, which involves numerically optimizing the parameters of a variational quantum circuit to minimize a cost function, constructed as the expectation value of a Hamiltonian operator. Traditionally, a unique Hamiltonian operator is constructed for each k-point, so that many cost functions, each with their own parameter space, must be optimized to generate a single band. Similarly, calculating higher bands than the first has traditionally involved modifying the cost function with additional overlap terms to ensure higher-energy eigenstates are orthogonal to those of lower bands. In this paper, we adopt a direct space approach, using a novel hybrid first/second-quantized qubit mapping which allows us to construct a single Hamiltonian, and a single cost-function, suitable for solving the entire band-structure. In contrast to previous approaches, the k-point and the band index are selected by additional parameters in our quantum circuit, rather than through modifications to the cost function. The result is a technically and conceptually simpler approach to band structure calculations on a quantum computer. Moreover, we expect that the tools developed herein will motivate new strategies for tackling highly-correlated materials beyond the grasp of classical computing.
High D-glucose levels induce ACE2 expression via GLUT1 in human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3
Authors: Wakabayashi Yoshitaka , Nakayama Shin , Yamamoto Ai , Kitazawa Takatoshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the host cell by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. ACE2 is expressed on human airway epithelial cells. Increased ACE2 expression may be associated with potentially high risk of COVID-19. However, the factors responsible for the regulation of ACE2 expression in human airway epithelial cells are unknown. Furthermore, hyperglycemia is a risk factor for poor disease prognosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of D-glucose on ACE2 mRNA and protein expressions in Calu-3 bronchial submucosal cells. The cells were cultured in minimal essential medium containing different D-glucose concentrations.Results: After 48 and 72 h of high D-glucose (1000 mg/dL) treatment, ACE2 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased. ACE2 mRNA expression was enhanced by a D-glucose concentration of 550 mg/dL or more after 72 h of treatment. In addition, we investigated the role of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in Calu-3 cells. ACE2 mRNA and protein expressions were suppressed by the GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876 in high D-glucose-treated Calu-3 cells.Conclusions: This is the first report indicating that high D-glucose levels induced ACE2 expression via GLUT1 in bronchial submucosal cells in vitro. As hyperglycemia can be treated appropriately, these findings could help reduce the risk of worsening of coronavirus disease 2019.
Understanding Sexual Reproductive Health from the perspective of Older Adolescents in Northern Thailand: A Phenomenological study
Authors: Leekuan Panitsara , Kane Ros , Sukwong Panpimol , Kulnitichai Waratya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Worldwide, Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) issues comprise a third of health problems for women aged 15-44. SRH education equips people with knowledge of concepts around sexuality and reproduction, and the attitudes and skills help to make informed decisions to prevent sexual and reproductive ill-health problems, including unplanned pregnancy and HIV/AIDS, and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of older adolescents relating to SRH, examining their attitudes toward sex and contraception, and to identify the gaps in decision-making to prevent risk-taking behaviour.Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was undertaken with 30 adolescents aged 18-19, purposively and snowball sampled from a university in Northern Thailand from July 2020 to January 2021. In-depth individual interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Data were recorded, transcribed, and analysed in ATLAS.ti version 9, using Modified Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to identify related themes.Results: Participants revealed five key experiences of SRH related to sex and contraception: Keeping a secret; Seeking Freedom and Love; Having SRH education; Self-protection; Parental acceptance. All findings reflected the value and impact of SRH on the experiences of older adolescents.Conclusions: This study provides detailed knowledge about adolescents’ perspectives of SRH and rights in terms of accessing sexual and reproductive health care and information as well as autonomy in sexual and reproductive decision-making. Gaining SRH education can assist decision-making concerning contraceptive methods for family planning and STI prevention. The study recommends that SRH and rights should be designed responsively and appropriately for female and male adolescents, their families, and society. The inclusion of SRH issues should be informed and advocated healthcare providers, educators, policy makers, and systems to empower adolescents in order to achieve effective SRH education.
Knowledge And Attitude And Associated Factors To Ward Mental Illness Among Health Professionals Working In Government &amp; Private Health Facilities At Dilla Town, South Ethiopia
Authors: Wolde Yetayale Berhanu , AlemboTsebe Awash , Ayenalem Alem Eskeziya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: - Mental illness is an important determinant of the quality of life of individuals. The negative attitude and negative beliefs toward mental illness even among health professionals is still persisting and lead to widespread stigma and poor help seeking behavior among people with mental illness. In Ethiopia, there is little research done on assessing the knowledge and attitudes of health professionals and this study will narrow this great gap.Objective: -To assess the knowledge and attitude of health professionals toward mental illness at governmental and private health facilities at Dilla town.Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study design was employed. The data were collected by using self-administered questionnaire with a total of 126 health professionals. Study participants were drawn using a simple random sampling method. Statistics investigation was done by using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics & logistic regression was done and the result was discussed and presented by frequency tables, graphs, and charts. Variables with p-value < 0.05 were declared as having substantial association between factors and the outcome variables. THE Result: The level of knowledge on mental illness among health professionals was 43.8%. Regarding Attitude of Health professionals toward mental illness, 59.6% were holding an unfavorable attitude. Respondents who have had high awareness have 0.025 times better attitude than those who have no control group. However, this association is not significant. (AOR=0.025, 95% C.I: 0.035, 0.085). In this study the level of literacy, contact with a mental ill, individual level of qualification, psychiatric training experience, and long duration of working experience have a strong positive impact on the attitude of health professionals to the psychiatric ills.Conclusion and Recommendation: The outcome of the study revealed the studied participants had an apparently unfavorable attitudes regarding psychiatric illness associated with lower levels of literacy. This finding was used as the screening attitude by empowering health professionals regarding their knowledge toward mental illness. Over half of the health professionals held an unfavorable attitude toward mental illness. This gives a direction to do more on emphasizing of developing awareness creation and expanding psychiatric training to empower attitude of health professionals toward mental illness.
Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: A Single Center Study
Authors: Brás Pedro , Mano Tânia Branco , Rito Tiago , Castelo Alexandra , Ferreira Vera , Agapito Ana , Ferreira Rui Cruz , Pinto Fátima , Sousa Lídia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants (NOACs) prescription is increasing in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD), however data on efficacy and safety in ACHD is unclear, particularly in patients (P) with complex CHD. The aim of the study was to review the safety and efficacy of in various types of ACHD.Methods: Evaluation of ACHD P started on NOAC therapy from 2014 to 2020, followed-up for bleeding or thromboembolic events (TE) and mortality. CHA2DS2-VASc and HASBLED scores were calculated and risk factors for bleeding were identified.Results: 93 ACHD P, mean age 52±15 years, 58% female, 55.9% moderate CHD and 23.7% with severe CHD (3.2% Fontan). 66% of P had a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 and 82% HASBLED score ≤2.In a mean follow-up of 41±21 months (400.4 patient-years), there were TE in 2P (1 splenic infarction and 1 pulmonary embolism). The annual risk for TE was 0.49%/patient/year. The cardiovascular mortality was 2% and all-cause mortality 5%, however with no relation to TE or bleeding events.6 P (6.5%) suffered a minor and 3 P (3.2%) suffered a major bleeding, a median time of 12 (IQR 15) months after starting NOAC therapy. The annual risk for bleeding was 2.2%/patient/year.Renal disease (HR 14.6 [95% CI 1.23-73.6], p=0.033 and the HAS-BLED score were predictors of major (adjusted HR 6.97 [95% CI 1.69-28.78], p=0.007) and minor (adjusted HR 3.80 [95% CI 1.48-9.78], p=0.006) bleeding complications.Conclusion: NOACs are a safe and effective option for selected ACHD P, although bleeding complications were not negligible
Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive BSA Nanocarriers For Combined Chemo/Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Ruiyi , Liu Teng , Li Wanzhen , Ma Zhiyuan , Pei Pei , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Kai , Tao Yugui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by high glutathione (GSH), high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and low acidic levels, is favorable for the growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Taking advantage of the specific characteristics of tumors, TME-responsive GCBD NPs are designed to deliver nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs, GA-Cu) and chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin, DOX) based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocarriers into cancer cells for combined chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy. In an acidic environment, GCBD NPs could release approximately 90% copper ions, which can not only consume overexpressed GSH to modulate the TME but can also react with endogenous H2O2 in a Fenton-like reaction to achieve the CDT effect. Meanwhile, the released DOX could enter the nucleus of tumor cells and affect their proliferation to achieve efficient chemotherapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that GCBD NPs had good biosafety and could effectively inhibit the growth of cancer cells. GCBD NPs are promising as a biocompatible nanoplatform to exploit TME characteristics for combined chemo and chemodynamic therapy, providing a novel strategy to eradicate tumors with high efficiency and specificity.
High-Efficiency Dual-Polarized Broadband Reflecting Metasurface Using Continuous Polarization Conversion Technique and Element with Multi Degree of Freedom
Authors: Karimipour Majid , Aryanian Iman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, two effective approaches are combined which are implemented at the element design level and system design level to simultaneously improve the frequency bandwidth and aperture efficiency of a dual-polarized single-layer reflecting metasurface. At the element design level, a broadband behavior is realized by using the polarization conversion technique (PCT) which is a novel technique to enhance the bandwidth of the element. To this end, an anisotropic metasurface with I-shaped metal patch is proposed for rotating the polarization of the wave emitted from a point source by 90 • and making a continuous phase shift in a full range of 360 • within 8-18 GHz.Therefore, a completely equiphase aperture is achieved leading to enhancing the metasurface performance such as directivity and aperture efficiency and reducing the sidelobe level compared to reflecting metasurface developed by 1-bit phase quantization technique. At the system design level, the three-frequency phase synthesis (TFPS) method, which is based on determining the best constant reference phase for the aperture, is used and the corresponding constant reference phases are optimized to minimize the phase error in the whole band. The combination of TFPS and PCT enhances the effectiveness of the TFPS method considerably. An 841 element reflecting metasurface with aperture dimensions of 290 cm × 290 cm is designed, simulated, and fabricated in Ku-band to verify the concept. The measurement results show that the 1-dB gain bandwidth before and after combining PCT and TFPS techniques are 17.47% (14.1 GHz to 16.8 GHz) and 30.3% (14 GHz to 19 GHz), respectively. In addition, the maximum aperture efficiency of the proposed metasurface is 63.62% which occurs at 14.5 GHz.
Interspecific interaction mediated crosstalk in the co-culture of Aspergillus sydowii and Bacillus subtilis produces novel benzoic acid derivates
Authors: Sun Yu , Shi Xuan , He Liang-Yu , Xing Yan , Guo Qin-Feng , Xiu Zhi-Long , dong yuesheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Interspecific interaction mediated crosstalk was regarded as an important feature among the microorganisms under natural conditions and also the key mechanism for the biosynthesis of newly induced compounds in the co-culture. However, there is still a lack of direct experimental evidence for this mechanism. In this study, the interaction between A. sydowii and B. subtilis in the co-culture was firstly verified by the morphological observation. Subsequently, through the strategy combining substrate feeding, stable isotope labeling and gene expression analysis, the crosstalk in the co-culture for the production of five benzoic acid derivatives (N1-N4 and N7) were demonstrated: the secondary metabolites 10-deoxygerfelin of A. sydowii acted as an inducer to induce B. subtilis to produce benzoic acid, which was further converted into 3-OH-benzoic acid by A. sydowii. Subsequently, A. sydowii used 3-OH-benzoic acid as the substrate to synthesize the new compound N2, and then N1, N3, N4 and N7 were biosynthesized upon the up-regulation of hydrolase, hydroxylase, and acyltransferase during co-culture. The plate zone analysis suggested that the biosynthesis of the newly induced compounds N1-N4 was mainly attributed to A. sydowii, and both A. sydowii and B. subtilis were indispensable for the biosynthesis of N7. The current study provides an important basis for a better understanding of the metabolites transfer and the biosynthetic pathways of the newly induced compounds in the co-culture, providing a new insight into the interaction-mediated crosstalk among microorganisms.
A new adsorbent for Pd (II) ions from aqueous solutions using diphenylphosphine with magnetic properties
Authors: Naini Nasim , Kalal Hossein Sid , Almasian Mohammad Reza , Niknafs Danial , Taghiof Mohammad , Hoveidi Hassan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to remove palladium ions from aqueous media in a batch operating system. A newly synthesized magnetic Fe3O4/SiO2/OPPh2 (diphenylphosphinite) nanocomposite was used as the adsorbent. This nanocomposite was examined by Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The factors that influence the adsorption equilibrium were examined, such as pH value, adsorbent dosage, metal concentration, adsorption time, temperature, influence of desorption solutions, concentration of the desorption solution and the influence of the ions present at the same time, namely Cd2 +, Ni2 +, Ca2 +, Co2 +, Fe3 +, Ba2 + and Pt4 + were determined based on the adsorbent used (Fe3O4 / SiO2 / OPPh2). Under optimal conditions and at the same concentrations, the interfering ions have only a very slight influence on the Pd (II) uptake. It was found that the fit isotherm is the Fritz-Schlunder model. The best possible model was determined in advance on the basis of seven error functions. Thermodynamic parameters indicate the endothermic, irreversible and non-spontaneous nature of the adsorption.
Antisense oligonucleotides selectively enter human-derived antibiotic-resistant bacteria through ATP-binding cassette transporter
Authors: Liu Mingzhu , Sun Rong , Ding Jiali , Ye Han , Chu Binbin , Yang Yunmin , Wu Yuqi , Shi Haoliang , Song Bin , Hong Jiaxu , Wang Houyu , He Yao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The current vehicles used to deliver antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) cannot distinguish between bacterial and mammalian cells, greatly hindering the preclinical or clinical treatment of bacterial infections, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Herein, we leverage bacteria-specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters to selectively internalize ASOs by hitchhiking them on the unique carbon source of bacterial cells. Compared with their cell-penetrating peptide counterparts, which are non-specifically engulfed by both mammalian and bacterial cells and which display a low uptake rate (i.e. 14.7%), the presented therapeutics consisting of glucose polymer and antisense peptide nucleic acid-modified nanoparticles are selectively internalized into the human-derived multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and they display a much higher uptake rate (i.e. 51.6%). We demonstrate that the developed strategy allows specific and efficient killing of nearly 100% of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We also show its significant curative efficacy against bacterial keratitis and endophthalmitis in mice. This strategy will expand the focus of antisense technology to include bacterial cells other than mammalian cells.
Medical nutrition therapy and clinical outcomes in critically ill adults: A European multinational, prospective observational cohort study (EuroPN)
Authors: Matejovic Martin , Huet Olivier , Dams Karolien , Elke Gunnar , Vaquerizo Clara Alonso , Csomos Akos , Krzych Łukasz J , Tetamo Romano , Puthucheary Zudin , Rooyackers Olav , Tjäder Inga , Kuechenhoff Helmut , Hartl Wolfgang H. , Hiesmayr Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Medical nutrition therapy may be associated with clinical outcomes in critical ill patients with prolonged ICU stay. We wanted to assess nutrition practices in European intensive care units (ICU) and their relevance for clinical outcomes.Methods: Prospective multinational observational study including patients in ICU ≥5 days with a follow-up until day 90. Macronutrient intake during the first 15 days after ICU admission was compared with targets recommended by ESPEN guidelines. We determined independent predictors of macronutrient intake and modelled associations between three categories of daily calorie and protein intake (low: <10 kcal/kg, <0.8 g/kg; moderate: 10-20 kcal/kg, 0.8-1.2 g/kg, high: >20 kcal/kg; >1.2 g/kg) and the time-varying hazard rates of 90-day mortality or successful weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Hazard ratios were calculated from piece-wise exponential additive mixed models to compare several different hypothetical medical nutrition therapies.Results: 1172 patients with median [Q1;Q3] APACHE II score of 18.5 [13.0;26.0] were included, and 23.5% died until day 90. Median length of ICU stay was 10.0 [7.0;16.0] days, 73.9% of patients could be weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients reached on average 83.1% [59.2;106.6] and 64.5% [41.4;90.9] of ESPEN calorie and protein recommended targets, respectively. Whereas specific reasons for ICU admission (especially respiratory diseases requiring IMV) were associated with higher intakes, a lack of nutrition on the preceding day was associated with lower intakes. Daily moderate calorie and moderate protein intake were associated with higher probability of successful weaning, and, for calories, lower hazards of death compared to a lower intake. There was no evidence that a high calorie or protein intake was associated with further outcome improvements.Conclusions: Calorie intake was mainly provided according to the recommended targets by the ESPEN guideline, but protein intake was lower. Early moderate daily calorie and protein intakes were associated with improved clinical outcomes.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04143503, registered on October 25, 2019