bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Approach in Managing the Aftermath of Non-Conformance Seam Welded Linepipes
Authors: Aziz M. Faisal , Desa M. Anuar , Jaafar Azamsyah , Hussien Hayati 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PETRONAS had been notified by its pipe mill that some of the linepipe supplied by the mill were found to be non-compliance with agreed manufacturing process specification (MPS) and inspection & test plan (ITP). The non-conformances happened during longitudinal weld seam repair at the manufacturing stage. The notification has put PETRONAS on high alert as the affected linepipes have already been installed and commissioned as part of gas pipelines i.e. Pipeline 1 and Pipeline 2 supplying to onshore customer. This paper will discuss the investigation strategies implemented by PETRONAS' investigation team which include 1) multidisciplined investigation team, 2) Technical Safety Review, 3) Desktop Review and 4) Repair Simulation and Material Verification Testing. The paper also details out the type of non-conformance and associated hazards with corresponding action plan to address them. Engineering Criticality Assessment (ECA) was one of the critical processes in the investigation where simulated longitudinal weld samples from the linepipe underwent Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) test. The test provided fracture toughness value of the weld sample and became the main input in the ECA study. The objective of the ECA is to provide defect/ crack acceptance criteria based on methodology specified by BS7910. During ECA, the respective weld sample was analyzed against pipeline operating parameters coupled with fatigue stress mainly contributed by pressure variations. Crack growth was studied and compared against defect/ crack critical dimensions i.e. height, and length. Given all the investigations carried out combined with ECA experts review, the pipelines were proven safe and reliable to operate. The investigation outcomes have saved PETRONAS commercially while maintaining good safety record.
Selection of a Flocculant to Assist in Divalent Cation Removal in a MEG Pre-Treatment Process
Authors: Fisher Nicholas , Lehmann Marc , Brunt Steve , Gloyn Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen monoethylene glycol (MEG) is used to provide hydrate protection for gas condensate production, MEG pre-treatment, reconcentration and reclamation systems are generally employed to recover and reuse the MEG. Prior to reconcentration, low solubility salts of divalent cations such as calcium, iron, strontium and magnesium, that may be present in the Rich MEG, are removed in a MEG pre-treatment process. This process involves the addition of a base, such as NaOH or KOH, to the Rich MEG at elevated temperatures to convert dissolved carbon dioxide to carbonate ions and so precipitate the cations, as their respective insoluble carbonate or hydroxide salts. When enough residence time is available within the process these precipitated salts are removed from the Rich MEG stream through physical separation. For onshore based MEG systems, this is usually accomplished via settling tanks. However, in offshore systems the residence time for crystallization and settling becomes limited due to vessel sizes imposed by facility space limitations so precipitated salts are actively removed using mechanical equipment such as centrifuges. Centrifuges are only effective when crystals reach threshold particle sizes. Contaminants in MEG such as dissolved hydrocarbons and magnesium ions can inhibit crystal growth of calcium and iron carbonate. This study details the development of testing methodologies to screen chemistries to assist in particle agglomeration and led to the identification of a promising class of chemistries that could be applied in MEG Pre-treatment for the flocculation of cation salts.
Burnout in and Commission of Medical Errors by Secondary School Athletic Trainers
Authors: Oglesby Leslie W. , Gallucci Andrew R. , Porter Anna K. , Vineyard Ashlyne Paige 
Published: March 2022

Context
Commission of medical errors by health care providers can be costly and potentially fatal for their patients. Previous researchers found a correlation between burnout and the commission of medical errors by physicians. The Smith Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout suggests that emotional exhaustion and decreased personal accomplishment in athletic trainers (ATs) may be associated with behavioral outcomes such as commission of medical errors, but this association has not been examined.

Objective
To explore the association between burnout in and commission of medical errors by ATs.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 403 certified ATs working in the secondary school setting were recruited via multiple social media pages and the National Athletic Trainers' Association Research Survey Service.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
An online questionnaire that consisted of 97 items from previously used scales was distributed to participants. A logistic regression model with personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion as independent variables and a dichotomous variable for commission of medical errors (yes or no) as a dependent variable was calculated. A Poisson regression model with personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion as independent variables and number of medical errors committed as a dependent variable was also calculated.

Results
Approximately 18.4% of our sample admitted to committing at least 1 medical error in the last 30 days. Both personal accomplishment (odds ratio = 1.06, P = .005) and emotional exhaustion (odds ratio = 1.02, P = .037) were significantly associated with commission of at least 1 medical error. Emotional exhaustion (B = .02, P = .002) was significantly associated with the number of medical errors committed.

Conclusions
Athletic trainers committed medical errors at a rate comparable with that of other health care professionals. Burnout was directly associated with both the likelihood of an AT committing a medical error and the number of errors an AT committed.
Psychological Impact of Overweight/Obesity among Pediatric Age Group Before and During COVID-19 Lockdown in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlNowaiser Maha Walid , Harakati Amal Maher , Bakraa Reem Medhat , Alamoudi Malak Mohammed , Nour Remaz Zuhair , Alhuthayli Reema Sulaiman , Banjer Aisha Yaseen , AlAgha Abdulmoein Eid 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
Obesity is a primary public health concern in Saudi Arabia. The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected people's lives, putting considerable pressure on children and adolescents, leading to psychological problems. Therefore, we aimed to assess obesity's psychological and behavioral impact among children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Jeddah.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric endocrine outpatient clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital(KAUH). The sample included 360 participants. Data were collected through clinical interviews by telecommunication from April to June 2020. Demographic factors and answers to questions about behavior, feelings, and daily life (pre and during home quarantine) were assessed against the participants’ body mass index (BMI) and reported daily life difficulties. The BMI standard deviation was calculated based on the Center of Disease Control and Prevention standards.

Results:
Compared to other groups, a significantly higher percentage of overweight/obese participants reported low self-confidence (22.1%), 61.7% reported that their friends or family rarely bullied or picked on them and 66.4% reported that the people who they lived with rarely made fun of or bullied them due to their weight before home quarantine.

Conclusion:
Children with a higher BMI reported lower self-confidence than their average weight peers before home quarantine. However, a higher BMI did not increase the risk of being bullied by family members and friends. The majority of the participants changed for the worse in every research aspect during quarantine.
Update on First African Clinical trial on EarPopper for the Treatment of Otitis Media with Effusion [FCT/UATH/HREC/PR/330]
Authors: Ibekwe Titus Sunday , Dahilo Enoch Auta , Folorunso David , Uzochukwu Tochukwu , Egbe Bosa I. , Quadri Oladeji Raheem , Fred Damtong , Etukumana Iboro , Nwankwo Basil C. , Gbujie Ibeneche Onyemuchechi 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a middle ear condition characterized by the accumulation of serous fluid. It is common, though not exclusive; among children with its attendant developmental consequence if missed or untreated in early life. OME could be managed surgically, pharmacologically, or physiologically. EarPopper is a medical device developed for physiologic management of OME, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and related problems. We aim to ascertain the suitability/efficiency of EarPopper® device for the treatment of OME in our setting.

Methodology:
This is a prospective interventional study of volunteers diagnosed with OME from four (4) medical centers in Abuja. Pneumatic otoscopy, video-otoscopy, tympanometry, and pure-tone audiometry were done to confirm the diagnosis. Serial EarPopper sessions were performed twice weekly for 2–12 weeks, and outcome was assessed using patients’ reports. The reports include the EarPopper scoring system (ESS) and audiometric parameters (before and after therapy).

Results:
Forty-five patients (17 males and 28 females) aged between 3–56 years were enrolled. Thirty-five were diagnosed with bilateral OME and 10 unilateral. All patients had Type-B tympanometry tracing with mild-to-moderate conductive hearing losses and ESS of between 2.45% and 84%. Out of the 45 participants, 32 (71.1%) completed the treatment, whereas 13 (28.9%) were lost to follow-up. Duration of EarPopper treatment ranged from 2 to 12 weeks. The outcome revealed improvement in 26/32 (81.3%) with significant reduction in ESS (1% to 9.8%). Six patients 6/32 (18.9%) had persistence symptoms. These 18.9% had the propensity to progress to chronic OME.

Conclusion:
This study highly suggests good prospect in using EarPopper for the management of OME among Africans.
The Association of Extreme Body Weight with Bone Mineral Density in Saudi Children
Authors: Milyani Asmaa A. , Kabli Yousof O. , Al-Agha Abdulmoein E. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
The objective to investigate the effect of extreme body weight; obesity and undernutrition, on bone mineral density (BMD).

Methodology:
This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried between January and June of 2019, and included 224 children and adolescents without any comorbidities or chronic disease. Important data collected included anthropometrics, past medical and surgical history, history of medication intake, level of physical activity and pubertal assessment. Data entry and analysis were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24.

Results:
Gender distribution showed 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. The mean age was 9.98 ± 3.5 years. Mean weight was 34.89 ± 18.2 kg. Mean BMD z-score was − 1.64 ± 1.4. Weight was considered to significantly correlate with BMD stature at a P = 0.014. Subjects who were underweight showed a lower mean BMD z-score of <−2 than those who were overweight/obese (mean BMD z-score = −1.60).

Conclusion:
Both extremes of weight are considered a significant risk factor for the development of low BMD in children. We recommend the early recognition of weight aberrations and consequent aggressive intervention with strict lifestyle modifications to promote the development of maximum peak bone mass.
Treatment Outcomes of Graded Dose of Empagliflozin in Type-2 Diabetes
Authors: Dutta Deep , Sharma Meha , Aggarwal Sameer , Agarwal Anshita , Dhall Anil 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Costs are important cause of therapeutic noncompliance in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Half-tablet empagliflozin (EMPA)-25 mg has lowest monthly cost among all EMPA preparations; data is unavailable on efficacy of half EMPA-25. This study compared real world weight loss and glycaemic outcomes of 10 mg versus 12.5 mg versus 25 mg of EMPA.

Methods:
Data, retrospectively captured from records of 2 different centresfor patients > 35 years-age having T2DM on EMPA as part of standard pharmacotherapy for T2DM, having > 6 months follow-up data available was analysed. Patients were in 3-groups depending on EMPA dosage: Group 1 on EMPA 10 mg/day (1-tablet EMPA-10), Group-2 on EMPA 12.5 mg/day (half-tablet EMPA-25), and Group 3 on EMPA 25 mg/day (1-tablet EMPA-25). Primary endpoints were glycaemic efficacy and weight-loss.

Results:
Of 3601 records screened, data from 599 patients (184, 239 and 176 in Group-1, 2 and 3 respectively) was analysed. All 3 groups were comparable with regards to sex, blood pressure, haemoglobin, renal function, medications use. Group-3 were significantly older, had longest diabetes duration, highest HbA1c and lowest body mass index. Glycaemic efficacy was comparable among groups (ΔHbA1c Groups 1-3: −0.9 (−1.9 – 0.0), −1.0 (−1.8 – 0.5) and − 1.0 (−1.5 – 0.22], respectively; P = 0.363). Patients on EMPA 12.5 or 25 mg/d had significantly higher total (−1.4 [−3.0 –0.2] vs. −0.3 [−2.4 – 1.32] kg; P = 0.028) and percent weight-loss (−1.75% [−4.15 – 0.26] vs. −0.44% [−3.11 – 1.39]; P = 0.039), and significantly higherfraction achieving HbA1c < 5.7% (12% vs. 0; P = 0.021), compared to EMPA-10.

Conclusion:
Half EMPA-25 is the most cost effective way of using EMPA in clinical practice.
Dengue Seropositivity among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Hospital in Kerala, Southern India
Authors: Raj A. R. Rahul , Shashindran Nandita , Shenoy Veena , Kumar Anil 
Published: March 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study was to screen blood donors in a tertiary hospital in Kerala for dengue during the period of peak dengue transmission.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and seventy-eight continuous serum samples obtained from asymptomatic blood donors during the monsoon season were subjected to ELISA for Dengue NS1 antigen and dengue immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies.

Results:
Dengue IgM antibodies were positive in 20 (11.23%) donors and NS1 antigen was positive in 1 (0.56%) donor. The presence of these markers in asymptomatic blood donors showed that they may have had active or subclinical dengue infection at the time of donation or in the recent past. The presence of NS1 in particular raises the possibility that the donor may have been viremic at the time of donation.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study suggest the risk of transfusion transmission of dengue during the monsoon in Kerala and strengthen the case for dengue screening among blood donors during this period of high incidence.
COVID-19
Authors: Omidiji Olubukola A. T. , Atalabi Omolola Mojisola , Idowu Elizabeth A. , Ishola Aderemi , Olowoyeye Omodele A. , Omisore Adeleye Dorcas , Eze K. C. , Ahmadu Muhammad S. , Dim Ngozi R. , Anas Ismail , Ilo Adaobi C. , Ayodele Sidikat A. , Daji Feyisayo Yvonne , Yidi Abdulsalam M. , Ajiboye Olubukola Khadija , Jimoh Kamaldeen O. , Toyobo Oluyemisi O. , Onuwaje Ayesan M. , Irurhe Nicholas Kayode , Adeyomoye Adekunle O. , Akinola Rachael A. , Arogundade Rasheed Ajani 
Published: March 2022

Context:
COVID-19 came suddenly, bringing to the fore the challenges inherent in the health system. In a developing country, such as Nigeria, which already had myriad problems with funds and equipment in the health sector.

Aims:
This study aims to examine the challenges encountered by the staff in Radiology facilities and how they combated the challenges.

Settings and Design:
A descriptive cross-sectional study of radiology facilities in Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:
Radiologists from nine government and four private facilities who attended to COVID-19 patients were asked to fill questionnaires on challenges faced and their coping strategies. Responses were sent through E-mail.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data from the responses were analyzed using Microsoft excel for Mac 2011 and presented as figures and tables.

Results:
Majority of the government 7 (77.8%) and private facilities 4 (100%) had no equipment dedicated only to COVID-19 patients. Seven (77.8%) government facilities complained of inadequate staff, poor availability of personal protective equipment (PPEs) 8 (88.9%), and lack of technology for remote viewing 7 (77.8%). Fear of cross-infection was a challenge in one of the facilities 1 (11.1%). Coping strategies adopted include ensuring less traffic in the department by discouraging walk-in patients and canceling non-emergent cases, booking suspected/confirmed cases for lighter times, using old film for face shields and cloth for facemasks, staff education on COVID-19 and preventive measures, and sending reports to physicians through E-mail.

Conclusions:
There were a lot of challenges during the COVID-19 crisis, with government hospitals experiencing more challenges than private facilities. The challenges included among others inadequate staff strength and lack of technology for remote viewing. Some were overcome using education and by production of facemasks/shields production using recycled materials.
Role of cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test in diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kannuri Sriram , Mirza Shahzad , Misra Rabindra N. , Vyawahare R. Chanda , Das Nikunja Kumar , Gandham Nageswari R. , Khan Sameena , Bhaumik Shalini , Mukhida Sahjid S. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health concern globally. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for around 20% of the total (EPTB) cases which are difficult to diagnose due to the lack of availability of diagnostic tools. Although pulmonary TB is most common presentation, EPTB is also an important problem clinically. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification (CBNAAT) test has a well-documented role in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. The potency of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of EPTB cases is still debated.

Aim:
To establish the importance and role of diagnosing EPTB by CBNAAT.

Settings:
Conducted in Dr. D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune-411018.

Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional study of suspected EPTB patients in a tertiary care center area from April 2020 to September 2020.

Materials and Methods:
Data of suspected EPTB patients were retrieved. Potency of CBNAAT in diagnosing EPTB was assessed.

Statistical Analysis:
All the statistical analyses were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.

Results:
Samples collected from 556 suspected EPTB patients were subjected to CBNAAT. The collected samples included pus, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, gastric aspirate, peritoneal fluid, tissue biopsy, pericardial fluid, ascitic fluid, synovial fluid, drain fluid, para-spinal fluid. In CBNAAT results, 67 cases were positive for TB bacilli, rifampicin resistance detected in 4 samples.

Conclusion:
Xpert®MTB/RIF assay is a rapid and effective method for early detection of EPTB and can be used in conjunction with routine culture methods for detection of the same.
Non-intubated general anesthesia in prone position for advanced biliopancreatic therapeutic endoscopy
Authors: Melis Valentina , Aldo Cristalli , Dioscoridi Lorenzo , Arlati Sergio , Molinari Pietro , Cintolo Marcello , Pugliese Francesco , Bonato Giulia , Forti Edoardo , Massimiliano Mutignani 
Published: March 2022

Background and Study Aim:
Advance biliopancreatic endoscopies are nowadays performed in non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) under general anesthesia (GA). We evaluate the outcomes of non-intubated patients in prone position who received GA for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a tertiary referral center for digestive endoscopy.

Patients and Methods:
Anesthesiological records, anamnestic, and intraoperative data of patients who underwent advanced therapeutic biliopancreatic endoscopies at our tertiary referral center from January 2019 until January 2020 were collected in the present observational study.

Results:
One hundred fifty-three patients (93 M; median age: 68-year-old; mean ASA status: 2) were considered eligible for a procedure in the prone position with GA in spontaneous breathing. Prone position was always the initial setting. Propofol administration through a target-controlled infusion (TCI) pump was the choice to achieve GA. In our experience, desaturation appears to be the most frequent adverse event, accounting for 35% of cases (55/153). Treatment foresaw additional oxygen through a nasopharyngeal catheter, which proved to be a sufficient measure in almost all patients (52/55). Other adverse events (i.e., inadequate sedative plan, pain, and bradycardia) accounted for 2.6% of cases (4/153).

Conclusions:
Non-intubated GA in the prone position may be regarded as a safe procedure, as long as the anesthesiological criteria of exclusion are respected and the anesthesiological team has become acquainted with the peculiar NORA setting and familiar with the management of possible adverse events.
Can ACS-NSQIP score be used to predict postoperative mortality in Saudi population?
Authors: Huda Anwar U. , Yasir Mohammad , Sheikh Nasrullah , Khan Asad Z. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Various scoring systems help in classifying the patient's risk preoperatively and hence to decide the best available treatment option. ACS-NSQIP score has been introduced in clinical practice for few years. This study was done to find out whether there is any difference between predicted mortality from ACS-NSQIP score and observed mortality in Saudi population.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We included patients undergoing elective and emergency surgical procedures in our hospital. Thirty days mortality data was collected and then observed to expected (O/E) mortality ratio was calculated. The sample size for our study was nine hundred and three (903) patients.

Results:
The mean ACS-NSQIP mortality risk score (%) for the study was 0.49. Expected number of mortalities was 4.42 while observed mortalities were 11, yielding an O/E ratio of 2.48 (p-value 0.000). We did not find a significant difference between expected and observed mortalities except for ASA class 3 and 4 patients where expected numbers of mortalities were lower than observed (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion:
ACS-NSQIP can be reliably used for postoperative mortality prediction especially in lower risk groups.