bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting performance and tool wear in laser-assisted grinding of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Kong Xianjun , Liu Shiwen , Hou Ning , Zhao Ming , Liu Na , Wang Minghai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ceramic matrix composites have high hardness, so their machining requires high grinding forces that cause severe wear of the grinding head. To investigate this problem, the present study investigated the cutting performance of conventional grinding (CG) and laser-assisted grinding (LAG) of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites using electroplated diamond grinding heads. Firstly, a three-dimensional transient heat transfer model based on a Gaussian heat source was developed to observe the surface and internal temperature field distributions of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites subjected to laser irradiation. Secondly, the effects of laser heating temperature on the workpiece surface on the grinding forces were analysed. It was found that the axial and feed grinding forces were more than 40% lower under LAG than CG due to the removal mechanism of the SiC matrix changing from brittle fracture to ductile fracture and the oxidation reactions occurred in the SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites. Thirdly, the material removal mechanism was analysed by observing the morphology of machined surfaces, which showed that ductile removal from the SiC matrix occurs during LAG. Finally, it is also founded that the mean height of exposed abrasive grains from machined surface was reduced by 1.02 μm, 12.52 μm in LAG and CG respectively. The forms of wear caused by abrasive grains were studied. Under CG, the abrasive grains mainly exhibit cleavage fractures; while under LAG, micro-abrasion is the main wear form.
Some uniqueness theorems for a conical Radon transform
Authors: Moon Sunghwan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The conical Radon transform, which assigns to a given function f on

R

3

its integrals over conical surfaces, arises in several imaging techniques, e.g. in astronomy and homeland security, especially when the so-called Compton cameras are involved. In many practical situations we know this transform only on a subset of its domain. In these situations, it is a natural question of what we can say about f from partial information. In this paper, we investigate some uniqueness theorems regarding a conical Radon transform.
The concept of PICaboo: from individual building blocks to complex photonic integrated circuits for future access and metro networks
Authors: Kanakis Giannis , Spyropoulou Maria , Brestas Giorgos , Yao Weiming , van der Tol Jos J G M , Miranda Alessio , Mehrabi Kolsoom , Nag Dhiman , Caillaud Christophe , Vakarin Vladyslav , Penades Jordi Soler , Artundo Inigo , Bonk Rene , Borkowski Robert , Petousi Despoina , Ayala Pablo Castro , Eiselt Michael , Avramopoulos Hercules 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The immense growth of data traffic that traverses modern networks, calls for immediate solutions to tackle the challenges that arise in terms of speed, capacity, cost and energy efficiency. This manuscript outlines the key technological aspects of the PICaboo project, that aims to develop novel building blocks and photonic integrated circuits for the next generation of optical metro and access networks enhanced with optical signal processing functionalities exploiting the generic foundry model approach.
Correlations between flexural stiffness, wingbeat frequency and aerodynamic force generation in hovering insect flight
Authors: Deshpande Parag J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We report a direct relationship between wing flexural stiffness, wingbeat frequency, and mean aerodynamic force generation based on the wing morphological database for various insect species in hovering flight condition. Proposed correlations have shown the potential to predict the minimum aerodynamic force generation in flapping wings for a given flapping frequency with reasonable accuracy. The robustness of these correlations is demonstrated by validating them against the available experimental data for the various artificial flapping-wing configurations. These regression models can be used as first-order design tools which will save computational and experimental time while developing flapping-wing drones.
a-ITZO based thin film transistor for ammonia gas sensing: a simulation study
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Sharma Shashi Kant , Kumawat Renu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work is an optimization study by numerical simulation of the performance of amorphous indium tin zinc oxide thin film transistor (a-ITZO TFT) based gas sensor using SILVACO-ATLAS software. The optimization process is focused on the catalytic source/drain electrode, dielectric material and work-function difference. Based on simulation results, when the electrode material is switched from cobalt to molybdenum, the value of drain current was found to be increased from 39 μA to 231 μA. For molybdenum, ruthenium and cobalt with a work function difference of 200 meV, the OFF state current sensitivity (SIOFF) and ON State current sensitivity (SION) values were found to be 607.27 and 213.2, 102.81 and 0.35 and 0.015 and 0.90 respectively. An increase in the sensitivity of simulated structure was observed with the value of work function difference that indicates an increase in the concentration of gas. The impact of the dielectric material also reveals that high-k dielectric materials boost the sensitivity of the proposed device. The simulation results confirm the a-ITZO TFTs potential in gas sensing applications.
Limited role of climate change in extreme low rainfall associated with southern Madagascar food insecurity, 2019–21
Authors: Harrington Luke J , Wolski Piotr , Pinto Izidine , Ramarosandratana Anzelà Mamiarisoa , Barimalala Rondrotiana , Vautard Robert , Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah , Singh Roop , Heinrich Dorothy , Arrighi Julie , Raju Emmanuel , Thalheimer Lisa , Razanakoto Thierry , van Aalst Maarten , Li Sihan , Bonnet Remy , Yang Wenchang , Otto Friederike E L , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Southern Madagascar recently experienced a severe food security crisis, made significantly worse by well below average rainfall from July 2019 to June 2021. This exceptional drought has affected a region with high pre-existing levels of vulnerability to food insecurity (subsistence agriculture and pastoralism in the region is rain-fed only), while impacts have been compounded further by COVID-19 restrictions and pest infestations. The rainy seasons of both 2019/20 and 2020/21 saw just 60% of normal rainfall across the Grand South region and was estimated as a 1-in-135 year dry event, only surpassed in severity by the devastating drought of 1990–92. Based on a combination of observations and climate modelling, the likelihood of experiencing such poor rains in the region was not significantly increased due to human-caused climate change: while the observations and models combine to indicate a small shift toward more droughts like the 2019–2021 event as a consequence of climate change, these trends remain overwhelmed by natural variability. This result is consistent with previous research, with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s Sixth Assessment Report concluding that any perceptible changes in drought will only emerge in this region if global mean temperatures exceed 2 °C above pre-industrial levels.
GADRP: graph convolutional networks and autoencoders for cancer drug response prediction
Authors: Wang Hong , Dai Chong , Wen Yuqi , Wang Xiaoqi , Liu Wenjuan , He Song , Bo Xiaochen , Peng Shaoliang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Drug response prediction in cancer cell lines is of great significance in personalized medicine. In this study, we propose GADRP, a cancer drug response prediction model based on graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and autoencoders (AEs). We first use a stacked deep AE to extract low-dimensional representations from cell line features, and then construct a sparse drug cell line pair (DCP) network incorporating drug, cell line, and DCP similarity information. Later, initial residual and layer attention-based GCN (ILGCN) that can alleviate over-smoothing problem is utilized to learn DCP features. And finally, fully connected network is employed to make prediction. Benchmarking results demonstrate that GADRP can significantly improve prediction performance on all metrics compared with baselines on five datasets. Particularly, experiments of predictions of unknown DCP responses, drug-cancer tissue associations， and drug-pathway associations illustrate the predictive power of GADRP. All results highlight the effectiveness of GADRP in predicting drug responses, and its potential value in guiding anti-cancer drug selection.
Race, polygenic risk and their association with incident dementia among older US adults
Authors: Beydoun May A , Weiss Jordan , Banerjee Sri , Beydoun Hind A , Noren Hooten Nicole , Evans Michele K , Zonderman Alan B 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDementia incidence increases steadily with age at rates that may vary across racial groups. This racial disparity may be attributable to polygenic risk, as well as lifestyle and behavioural factors. We examined whether Alzheimer’s disease polygenic score and race predict Alzheimer’s disease and other related dementia incidence differentially by sex and mediation through polygenic scores for other health and behavioural conditions. We used longitudinal data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. We restricted participants to those with complete data on 31 polygenic scores, including Alzheimer’s disease polygenic score (2006–2012). Among participants aged 55 years and older in 2008, we excluded those with any memory problems between 2006 and 2008 and included those with complete follow-up on incident Alzheimer’s disease and all-cause dementia, between 2010 and 2018 (N = 9683), based on self- or proxy-diagnosis every 2 years (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018). Cox proportional hazards and 4-way decomposition models were conducted. Analyses were also stratified by sex and by race.There were racial differences in all-cause dementia incidence (age and sex-adjusted model, per standard deviation: hazard ratio, HR = 1.34, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.09–1.65, P = 0.007), partially driven by educational attainment and income. We also found independent associations of race (age and sex-adjusted model, African American versus White adults: HR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.52–2.83, P &lt; 0.001) and Alzheimer’s disease polygenic score (age and sex-adjusted model, per SD: HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.00–1.87, P &lt; 0.001) with Alzheimer’s disease incidence, including sex differences whereby women had a stronger effect of Alzheimer’s disease polygenic score on Alzheimer’s disease incidence compared with men (P &lt; 0.05 for sex by Alzheimer’s disease polygenic score interaction) adjusting for race and other covariates. The total impact of Alzheimer's disease polygenic scores on Alzheimer's disease incidence was mostly direct, while the effect of race on all-cause dementia incidence was mediated through socio-economic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Finally, among the 30 polygenic scores we examined, the total effects on the pathway Alzheimer's disease polygenic score --&gt; Other polygenic score --&gt; Incident Alzheimer's or all-cause dementia, were statistically significant for all, driven primarily by the controlled direct effect (P&lt; 0. 001). In conclusion, both race and Alzheimer’s disease polygenic scores were associated independently with Alzheimer’s disease and all-cause dementia incidence. Alzheimer’s disease polygenic score was more strongly linked to incident Alzheimer’s disease among women, while racial difference in all-cause dementia was explained by other factors including socio-economic status.
TDP-43 knockdown in mouse model of ALS leads to dsRNA deposition, gliosis, and neurodegeneration in the spinal cord
Authors: Milstead Ryan A , Link Christopher D , Xu Zuoshang , Hoeffer Charles A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kilodaltons (TDP-43) is a DNA and RNA binding protein associated with severe neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), primarily affecting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Partial knockdown of TDP-43 expression in a mouse model (the amiR-TDP-43 mice) leads to progressive, age-related motor dysfunction, as observed in ALS patients. Work in Caenorhabditis elegans suggests that TDP-43 dysfunction can lead to deficits in chromatin processing and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) accumulation, potentially activating the innate immune system and promoting neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, we used immunostaining to investigate dsRNA accumulation and other signs of CNS pathology in the spinal cords of amiR-TDP-43 mice. Compared with wild-type controls, TDP-43 knockdown animals show increases in dsRNA deposition in the dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord. Additionally, animals with heavy dsRNA expression show markedly increased levels of astrogliosis and microgliosis. Interestingly, areas of high dsRNA expression and microgliosis overlap with regions of heavy neurodegeneration, indicating that activated microglia could contribute to the degeneration of spinal cord neurons. This study suggests that loss of TDP-43 function could contribute to neuropathology by increasing dsRNA deposition and subsequent innate immune system activation.
Estimating the impact of nutrition and physical activity policies with quasi-experimental methods and simulation modelling: an integrative review of methods, challenges and synergies
Authors: Emmert-Fees Karl M F , Capacci Sara , Sassi Franco , Mazzocchi Mario , Laxy Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe promotion of healthy lifestyles has high priority on the global public health agenda. Evidence on the real-world (cost-)effectiveness of policies addressing nutrition and physical activity is needed. To estimate short-term policy impacts, quasi-experimental methods using observational data are useful, while simulation models can estimate long-term impacts. We review the methods, challenges and potential synergies of both approaches for the evaluation of nutrition and physical activity policies.MethodsWe performed an integrative review applying purposive literature sampling techniques to synthesize original articles, systematic reviews and lessons learned from public international workshops conducted within the European Union Policy Evaluation Network.ResultsWe highlight data requirements for policy evaluations, discuss the distinct assumptions of instrumental variable, difference-in-difference, and regression discontinuity designs and describe the necessary robustness and falsification analyses to test them. Further, we summarize the specific assumptions of comparative risk assessment and Markov state-transition simulation models, including their extension to microsimulation. We describe the advantages and limitations of these modelling approaches and discuss future directions, such as the adequate consideration of heterogeneous policy responses. Finally, we highlight how quasi-experimental and simulation modelling methods can be integrated into an evidence cycle for policy evaluation.ConclusionsAssumptions of quasi-experimental and simulation modelling methods in policy evaluations should be credible, rigorously tested and transparently communicated. Both approaches can be applied synergistically within a coherent framework to compare policy implementation scenarios and improve the estimation of nutrition and physical activity policy impacts, including their distribution across population sub-groups.
Acceptability of policies targeting dietary behaviours and physical activity: a systematic review of tools and outcomes
Authors: Scheidmeir Marie , Kubiak Thomas , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Wendt Janine , Scheller Daniel A , Meshkovska Biljana , Müller-Stierlin Annabel Sandra , Forberger Sarah , Łobczowska Karolina , Neumann-Podczaska Agnieszka , Wieczorowska-Tobis Katarzyna , Zeeb Hajo , Steinacker Jürgen M , Woods Catherine B , Lakerveld Jeroen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Successful implementation of health policies require acceptance from the public and policy-makers. This review aimed to identify tools used to assess the acceptability of policies targeting physical activity and dietary behaviour, and examine if acceptability differs depending on characteristics of the policy and of the respondents.

Methods
A systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021232326) was conducted using three databases (Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science).

Results
Of the initial 7780 hits, we included 48 eligible studies (n = 32 on dietary behaviour, n = 11 on physical activity and n = 5 on both), using qualitative and quantitative designs (n = 25 cross-sectional, quantitative; n = 15 qualitative; n = 5 randomized controlled trials; n = 3 mixed-methods design). Acceptability was analysed through online surveys (n = 24), interviews (n = 10), focus groups (n = 10), retrospective textual analysis (n = 3) and a taste-test experiment (n = 1). Notably, only 3 (out of 48) studies applied a theoretical foundation for their assessment. Less intrusive policies such as food labels and policies in a later stage of the implementation process received higher levels of acceptability. Women, older participants and respondents who rated policies as appropriate and effective showed the highest levels of acceptability.

Conclusion
Highly intrusive policies such as taxations or restrictions are the least accepted when first implemented, but respondents’ confidence in the relevance and effectiveness of the policy may boost acceptability over the course of implementation. Studies using validated tools and a theoretical foundation are needed to further examine opportunities to increase acceptability.
Development of a framework to guide research into policies promoting physical activity and healthy diets in the European context: the system-based Policy Evaluation Network (PEN) framework
Authors: Kamphuis Carlijn B M , Forberger Sarah , Lien Nanna , Rehfuess Eva , Luszczynska Aleksandra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The Policy Evaluation Network (PEN) is a multidisciplinary Pan-European research consortium focussing on policies affecting dietary intake, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. At the start, the PEN consortium expressed the need for an overarching, system-based framework covering the complexities between the different domains of the policy process (design, implementation and outcomes) in order to execute all research activities in a coherent way. This article describes the PEN framework itself and its development process.

Methods
A staged approach to the development of a system-based framework was executed between February 2019 and February 2022. We started with a point-of-departure framework, made use of existing models, collected PEN outputs at different project stages (through online meetings, e-mail exchanges and workshops with PEN researchers) and drew updated versions of the framework, which resulted in the system-based PEN framework.

Results
The system-based PEN framework depicts the policy process as a complex system, visualizing the dynamic interrelations between and within policy domains (i.e. policy design, policy implementation and policy outcomes), the ways they interact with the context, and how to assure a focus on equity in each domain.

Conclusions
The system-based PEN framework may guide researchers and professionals involved in the evaluation of health- or sustainability-related policies to consider their evaluation in a comprehensive picture, including domain interactions, contextual influences and equity considerations, as these can have important implications for the scope of their research. The stage-based process as applied for the development of the PEN framework can serve as a template for other research projects wishing to develop their own framework.
What we know about the actual implementation process of public physical activity policies: results from a scoping review
Authors: Forberger Sarah , Reisch Lucia A , Meshkovska Biljana , Lobczowska Karolina , Scheller Daniel A , Wendt Janine , Christianson Lara , Frense Jennifer , Steinacker Jürgen M , Woods Catherine B , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Physical inactivity rates have remained high worldwide since 2001. Public policies are an essential upstream lever to target individual physical activity (PA) behaviour. However, implementers have different strategies and face implementation challenges that are poorly understood. The present study analyzes the implementation processes of public policies to promote PA in terms of: (i) the policies covered and their legal quality, (ii) the actors and stakeholders involved in the implementation process and (iii) the used implementation strategies (vertical, horizontal or a mix).

Methods
A scoping review was systematically conducted (registered Open Science Framework: osf.io/7w84q/), searching 10 databases and grey literature until March 2022. Of the 7741 titles and abstracts identified initially, 10 studies were included.

Results
The current evidence includes high-income countries (USA, n = 7; UK, New Zealand and Oman, n = 1 each). Policy areas covered are education (school sector) and PA promotion in general (national PA plans or city-wide approaches). The legal classification ranges from laws (school sector) to coordination and budgeting to non-legally binding recommendations. The jurisdictions covered were federal (n = 4), state (n = 1), county (n = 1), school district (n = 1) and city (n = 3). Implementation strategies for city-wide approaches are characterized by a coordinated approach with vertical and horizontal integration; federal PA policies by a mix of implementation strategies; and the school sector by a strict horizontal top-down integration without the involvement of other actors.

Conclusion
Implementation strategies differ by policy field. Therefore, continuous evaluation of the implementation process is necessary to align policy implementation with policy goals to promote individual PA behaviour.
Pathogenicity and virulence of bacterial strains associated with summer mortality in marine mussels (Perna canaliculus)
Authors: Azizan Awanis , Alfaro Andrea C , Jaramillo Diana , Venter Leonie , Young Tim , Frost Emily , Lee Kevin , Van Nguyen Thao , Kitundu Eileen , Archer Stephen D J , Ericson Jessica A , Foxwell Jonathan , Quinn Oliver , Ragg Norman L C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria has emerged as a plausible key component of summer mortalities in mussels. In the current research, four bacterial isolates retrieved from moribund Greenshell࣪ mussels, Perna canaliculus, from a previous summer mortality event, were tentatively identified as Vibrio and Photobacterium species using morpho-biochemical characterization and MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed as V. celticus, P. swingsii, P. rosenbergii, and P. proteolyticum using whole genome sequencing. These isolates were utilized in a laboratory challenge where mussels were injected with cell concentrations ranging from 105 to 109 CFU/mussel. Of the investigated isolates, P. swingsii induced the highest mortality. Additionally, results from quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, focusing on known virulence genes were detected in all isolates grown under laboratory conditions. Photobacterium rosenbergii and P. swingsii showed the highest expression levels of these virulence determinants. These results indicate that Photobacterium spp. could be a significant pathogen of P. canaliculus, with possible importance during summer mortality events. By implementing screening methods to detect and monitor Photobacterium concentrations in farmed mussel populations, a better understanding of the host–pathogen relationship can be obtained, aiding the development of a resilient industry in a changing environment.