bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Trauma with the Use of Glidescope in Anticipated Difficult Airway Cases – A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Jeyakumar Mary Benita , Abraham Melvin Alex , Singh Georgene , Chandy Tony Thomson 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Glidescope video-laryngoscope (GVL) is an invaluable equipment for patients with anticipated difficult intubations that aids in visualizing the vocal cords out of line-of-sight. However, despite the ease in the visualization and shortening of the time taken to visualise the cords, the intubation time is often prolonged and is associated with trauma. This study aims at identifying incidence of trauma with glidescope in anticipated difficult airway scenario and whether correct practice by experienced anesthesiologist can reduce trauma.

Methodology:
Eighty-nine adult patients with anticipated difficult airway who were intubated using GVL by experienced anesthesiologists in a tertiary care setting were studied. The time to visualize, the time to intubate, the difficulties encountered at intubation were documented, the incidence of trauma was reported. The factors associated with trauma were analyzed using PSPP software (psppire. exe 0.8.4-g012d99).

Results:
The incidence of airway trauma was 11.2%. It was higher in the group with technical difficulties (Gtd) (P < 0.001) and was less in the hands of an experienced anesthesiologist (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
GVL intubation in anticipated difficult airway cases by experienced anesthesiologists using the right technique has lesser incidence of trauma, lesser than that is seen with Macintosh intubations in anticipated difficult airway scenario. Knowledge on techniques to troubleshoot technical difficulties with GVL may reduce the incidence of trauma further and needs to be studied more.
Incidence and Analysis of Acute Transfusion Reactions in a Hospital-Based Hemovigilance System at a Tertiary Care Center in Bangladesh
Authors: Afroz Tamanna , Ishra Rakia Hossain , Mohammed Saleh Abu Jafar 
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives:
Blood transfusion is a life-saving intervention but may cause nonfatal to fatal untoward events. Therefore, for safe blood transfusion, various adverse reactions need to be identified and steps should be taken to reduce such events. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and analyze the types of acute transfusion reactions (ATRs) with associated factors.

Patients and Methods:
All ATRs reported to the transfusion medicine department from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The incidence of ATRs and its associated factors were assessed.

Results:
During the study period, a total of 39,070 units of blood were issued, out of which there was an incidence of 0.24% (n = 95) ATRs mostly seen in females and older patients aged above 60 years. Most common ATR was febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (51.6%, n = 49), followed by allergic reaction (35.8%, n = 34). The most common symptom was chills and rigor (41.1%). The frequency of reactions was significantly higher with packed red blood cell transfusion (62.1%). Patients with previous transfusion history (n = 63, % = 66.3, P = 0.711) had more ATRs.

Conclusion:
By this study, the authors want to create awareness among health personnel involved in the transfusion chain is necessary to establish a proper hemovigilance system.
Psychosocial Problems in Caregivers of Persons with Mental Illness: A Meta-analytic Review
Authors: Singh Abhijeet , Ali Arif 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Mental illness may cause a variety of psychosocial problems in care givers.

Aim and Objective:
To review caregiver studies in persons with mental illness, in India and outside India, in the last two decades and to find out potential challenges associated with caregiving.

Methods:
Using keywords, we performed searches of electronic databases (PubMed, IndMed, PsychInfo, Science-Direct, Science Hub, and Google Scholar) and Internet sources, as well as and a manual search in the bibliography of the retrieved articles to identify potential original research articles on caregiving in mental illnesses.

Results:
Out of 714 studies, only 83 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The sample size of the caregiver studies ranged from 20 to 500, with the majority of the hospital-based studies, conducted in psychosis/schizophrenia, Bipolar Affective Disorders and in Alzheimer’s Disorders. Challenges of caregiving highlighted were physical problems (such as complaints of palpitation, dizziness, and insomnia), psychological problems (irritability, anxiety, and depression), social problems (stigma, decreased social support, diminished reputation in society), and familial problems (poor family functioning, poor coping), care burden and issues related to resilience, family functioning and expressed emotions.

Conclusion:
Our findings broadly support interventions promoting social support in caregivers to prevent or alleviate the subjective burden and, specifically, to intervene on the promotion of perceived social support more than on the promotion of received social support when preventing or alleviating the burden.
Identification of celiac disease associated IgA nephropathy by IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase2 antibody deposits in archived formalin-fixed tissues
Authors: Dutta Rimlee , Rawat Ramakant , Das Prasenjit , Singh Geetika , Kumari Alka , Ahmad Muzafer , Chauhan Ashish , Ahuja Vineet , Agrawal Sanjay K. , Makharia Govind K. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The causal association between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and celiac disease (CeD) is based on their clinical coexistence. In this prospective study, we screened patients with IgAN for CeD and explored the utility of analysis of IgA anti-TG2 antibody deposits, for establishing a causal association.

Methods:
Biopsy-proven patients of IgAN were screened for serum IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (IgA anti-tTG Ab) titer and thereafter were invited to undergo endoscopic duodenal biopsy. Corresponding duodenal and kidney biopsies were subjected to IgA anti-TG2 antibody colocalization study using dual-color immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Additionally, kidney biopsies from 105 patients with IgAN who did not give consent for serology analysis, 30 non-IgA nephropathies, and 10 normal controls were also included. Dual-color-stained slides were interpreted based on stain distribution and intensity scores, and Pearson's index >0.3–1 on confocal imaging was considered significant.

Results:
Of a cohort of 151 patients with IgAN, 32 consented to undergo sero-screening and 5 of them had high serum anti-tTG Ab titer. Two out of the latter consented to endoscopic duodenal biopsies, in whom modified Marsh grade 3b changes were identified. Strong IgA anti-TG2 antibody deposits were noted in the kidney and duodenal biopsies of these patients. One patient out of non-consenting 105 patients with IgAN and 3 out of 30 patients with other non-IgA nephropathies also showed IgA anti-TG2 deposits. None of the healthy kidney tissues showed IgA anti-TG2 Ab deposits.

Conclusions:
Co-localized IgA anti-TG2 deposits in the kidney biopsies in patients with IgAN help to establish a pathogenic link with CeD. A small proportion of patients with IgAN have associated CeD.
Estimates for generalized Bohr radii in one and higher dimensions
Authors: Das Nilanjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we study a generalized Bohr radius$R_{p, q}(X), p, q\in [1, \infty )$defined for a complex Banach spaceX. In particular, we determine the exact value of$R_{p, q}(\mathbb {C})$for the cases (i)$p, q\in [1, 2]$, (ii)$p\in (2, \infty ), q\in [1, 2]$, and (iii)$p, q\in [2, \infty )$. Moreover, we consider ann-variable version$R_{p, q}^n(X)$of the quantity$R_{p, q}(X)$and determine (i)$R_{p, q}^n(\mathcal {H})$for an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space$\mathcal {H}$and (ii) the precise asymptotic value of$R_{p, q}^n(X)$as$n\to \infty $for finite-dimensionalX. We also study the multidimensional analog of a related concept called thep-Bohr radius. To be specific, we obtain the asymptotic value of then-dimensionalp-Bohr radius for bounded complex-valued functions, and in the vector-valued case, we provide a lower estimate for the same, which is independent ofn.
Synthesis of some new antipyrine-thiophene hybrids and their evaluations as antioxidant and antibacterial agents
Authors: Saleh Altaf , Saeed Ali , E. Abdel-Ghani Ghada , El-Rayyes Ali , Abdel-Latif Ehab 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT. A novel series of antipyrinyl thienyl ketones 4a-c, 7a-c, 10a-c, and 13a-b was chemically synthesized through the cyclocondensation of 4-chloroacetylantipyrine with various 2-substituted-thioacetanilide scaffolds, including 3-arylazo-4-mercapto-4-phenylamino-buten-2-ones, ethyl 2-arylazo-3-mercapto-3-phenylamino-acrylate, 2-cyano-3-mercapto-3-(phenylamino)-N-arylacrylamide, 4-mercapto-4-(phenylamino)but-3-en-2-one, and/or ethyl-3-mercapto-3-(phenylamino)acrylate. Indeed, the reaction of 4-chloroacetylantipyrine with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde followed by refluxing with 2-cyanoacetohydrazide yielded 2-cyano-N'-(4-(2-(antipyrin-4-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)benzylidene)-acetohydrazide 17 as a building compound, which was used consequentially to synthesize a set of new antipyrinyl thienyl hybrids 19a-d. The chemical structures of newly synthesised compounds were unambiguously confirmed using extensive elemental and spectral data analyses. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Compared to the test reference (Ascorbic acid, 88.0%), the antipyrinyl thienyl ketones 13a and 13b substituted with methyl and/or hydroxyl groups at the thiophene ring system displayed excellent antioxidant properties, 87.8% and 87.2%, respectively. Additionally, antipyrinyl thienyl ketones 13a and 13b showed high antibacterial activities, and their relative activity index (which ranges from 68% to 91.7%) was close to that of a reference compound, Ampicillin.

KEY WORDS: 4-Chloroacetylantipyrine, Thioacetanilide, Antipyrinyl thienyl ketones, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 123-140. a
DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.11
Benzoic acid derivatives: Anti-biofilm activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, quantum chemical calculations by DFT and molecular docking study
Authors: Kaya Kınaytürk Neslihan , Önem Ebru , Oturak Halil 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT. Quorum sensing (QS), used by many pathogenic bacteria to express virulence factors, is seen as a new and effective strategy to combat resistant bacteria. In this study, theoretical investigations were made on the structural data of molecules to support the inhibition effects of 2-amino 4-chloro benzoic acid and 4-amino 2-chloro benzoic acid molecules. Theoretical calculations were performed by using the density functional theory with the B3LYP function and aug-cc-pVDZ basis set in the gas phase of the isolated compounds in the ground state. The biological activities of the related compounds were theoretically investigated against Covid-19 protein (PDB ID: 6LU7).

KEY WORDS: 2-Amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid, 4-Amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid, Quorum sensing, Molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 171-181.
DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.14
Mechanical, chemical, metallurgical characteristics under HBSS solution and optimization of AZ91D-Ti functional graded composites using TOPSIS
Authors: Tharaknath S. , Rahamathullah I. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT. Functional graded magnesium matrix composites (FGMMCs) are widely employed for biomedical, aerospace and thermal barrier applications because of their better mechanical properties, biocompatibility and bioactivity. In this study, AZ91D-wt. %Ti (x = 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16) composites are fabricated by ex-situ centrifugal casting method. The NaCl based solution is sprayed on all fabricated magnesium composites for 72 hours at the 1 kg/cm3 pressure spray and 6.9 pH value in salt spray chamber. The microhardness and flexural strength of fabricated composites are determined. The corrosion resistance of AZ91D-wt. %Ti fabricated composites is determined for 21 days immersion. The AZ91D -12wt. %Ti exhibits higher microhardness, flexural strength and corrosion resistance than other produced AZ91D-Ti composites. The optimization on micro machining process parameters is done on the AZ91D-12wt. %Ti with the help of Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS).The input process parameters are selected as cutting rate, feed rate, depth of cut and tool type and the response parameters are selected as feed force, normal force, tool wear rate, burr height and surface roughness. The computed optimal micro milling process parameters are at 120 m/min cutting speed, 0.5 µm feed rate, 0.15 mm depth of cut and the TiB2 coated tool.

KEY WORDS: AZ91D -Ti, TOPSIS, Surface roughness, Tool wear loss, Cutting force

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 77-89.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.7
Growth Response of Putrefactive Anaerobe 3679 to Combinations of Potassium Sorbate and Some Common Curing Ingredients (Sucrose, Salt, and Nitrite), and to Noninhibitory Levels of Sorbic Acid
Authors: RONNING IRENE E. , FRANK* HILMER A. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The effects of some common curing ingredients (sucrose, sodium chloride, and nitrite) on sorbate-induced inhibition were tested in putrefactive anaerobe (PA) 3679, a proteolytic species of Clostridium. A noninhibitory concentration (1%) of sucrose was not synergistic with the inhibitory action of potassium sorbate (30 mM; pH 6). The effect of sodium chloride depended upon the concentration used; a combination of 3% NaCl and sorbate (30 mM; pH 6) was more inhibitory than either compound alone but 1% NaCl reduced the inhibitory action of sorbate (30 mM; pH 6). Combining a noninhibitory concentration of nitrite (100 pM) and sorbate (30 mM; pH 6) was bactericidal to PA 3679. Nitrite raised the intracellular pH (pHi) and increased the protonmotive force (PMF) of untreated and sorbate-treated cells. Growth of PA 3679 was stimulated by the addition of a noninhibitory level of undissociated sorbic acid (5.5 mM; pH 7) or 0.1% glucose (5.5 mM) to a nutrient-deficient medium (0.25% trypticase [BBL]) but growth initiated more rapidly when sorbic acid was added than when the medium was supplemented with glucose. Results of this study are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of preservative action and suggest that certain recent changes in methods of food processing and packaging may increase the possibility of growth of clostridial organisms, including Clostridium botulinum.
Lacey's Concept of Value-Free Science
Authors: Vacura Miroslav 
Published: November 2022

Many philosophers of science have maintained that science should be value-free; still others believe that such ideal is neither achievable nor desirable for science. Hugh Lacey is presently one of the main supporters of the idea of value-free science and his theory is probably the most debated today and attracts the most attention and criticism. Therefore, in this text, I will primarily analyze his theory of value-free science. After briefly defining the notion of value I highlight which strategy Lacey chooses to lay a firm foundation for the concept of science without value, with his starting point being the differentiation between cognitive and non-cognitive values. Then I describe three basic characteristics of Lacey’s value-free science: impartiality, neutrality, and autonomy. However, the overall plan and design of his project, together with some concrete steps he takes, are not without problems in our view. I will try to point out some of these problematic issues and provide brief suggestions for alleviating them.
Telehealth Interventions Within the Scope of Occupational Therapy Practice: A Systematic Review
Authors: Feldhacker Diana R. , Jewell Vanessa D. , Jung LeSage Sadie , Collins Haley , Lohman Helene , Russell Marion 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Importance: With the increasing use of telehealth, it is imperative to synthesize the existing evidence to examine the effectiveness of telehealth interventions and inform practitioners and reimbursement entities.
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of telehealth occupational therapy interventions across the lifespan, delivered either independently or as part of an interdisciplinary team.
Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, SAGE, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, OTseeker, and OT Search and hand searches of systematic reviews, relevant journals, and known occupational therapy telehealth research.
Study Selection and Data Collection: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we screened and appraised articles that included an occupational therapy intervention delivered via telehealth and that were peer reviewed, written in English, published between 2009 and 2019, and Levels 1b to 3b evidence.
Findings: Twenty full-text articles (8 Level 1b, 9 Level 2b, and 3 Level 3b) met the inclusion criteria. Strong strength of evidence supports the use of telehealth approaches for occupational therapy interventions for people with neurological and pain conditions. Moderate strength of evidence supports the use of telehealth interventions to support education outcomes. Low strength of evidence was found for other outcomes for children with developmental disorders and additional conditions.
Conclusions and Relevance: There is evidence to support that occupational therapy interventions delivered via telehealth are similarly effective as those delivered face-to-face, especially for neurological and pain conditions.
What This Article Adds: The findings include an updated synthesis of telehealth occupational therapy interventions provided separately and with interdisciplinary health care teams. They expand occupational therapy’s scope of practice to include interventions provided across the lifespan for rehabilitation and habilitation needs and include effectiveness by conditions.
Impact of Modern Analytical Tools In The Standardization of Kharaliya Rasayana (Arogyavardhini Rasa)
Authors: Sapkota Dr.Yuga Raj , Patgiri B.J. , Shukla Dr. V.J. Shukla , Prajapati Prof. P.K. Prajapati 
Published: November 2022

Background: Arogyavardhini Rasa is a well known Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation widely used for a broad spectrum of therapeutic indications mainly in the treatment of Kamala (jaundice) and other Yakrit Vikara (liver disorders).
Aim: To standardized Arogyavardhini Rasa prepared with and without Rasavarga Dravya (ingredients of Metallo-mineral origin) by using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) & computational by principal component analysis (PCA) as an analytical tool.
Materials & Method: Arogyavardhani Rasa (AVR) was prepared as per classical reference and further modified this preparation by omitting Rasavarga dravya (ingredients of Metallo-mineral origin) of Arogyavardhani Rasa (MAVR). Formulations were investigated for physicho-chemical parameters, chromatography and using the building block of chemometrics technique such as PCA was applied to discriminate the formulations AVR and MAVR.
Result & Discussion: HPTLC study revealed a total of 11 and 8 bands at 254 nm and 366 nm in both AVR & MAVR, with only two similar Rf values in the sample. PCA revealed that both formulations were found similarities & dissimilarities within a batch of AVR and MAVR with its physicho-chemical constant.
Conclusion: The analytical tools applied (HPTLC and PCA) for the study revealed that the classical processing like Bhavana (Lavigation ), Mardana (Trituration) etc. had a significant role in the preparation of Rasaaushadhis (mercurial medicine) and process validate the Indian system of medicinal pharmaceutics.
Failure mode of rainfall-induced landslide of granite residual soil, southeastern Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Wu Shanbai , Zhao Ruihua , Liao Liping , Yang Yunchuan , Wei Yao , Wei Wenzhi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Granite residual soil landslides are widely distributed in the southeast of Guangxi, China. They pose threats to local communities, economic development and ecological restoration. To understand the failure mode, the landslide can provide a scientific basis for early warning and prevention. In this study, we conducted artificial flume model tests to
investigate the failure mode of granite residual soil landslide. The
macroscopic phenomena of landslides were observed and summarized. The
response and variations of soil moisture content and pore water pressure
were analyzed. And the discrepancies in landslide initiation were explored.
The results had three aspects: (1) the response of volume moisture content
was not synchronized with that of pore water pressure. Their variations were influenced by initial dry density, slope angle and rainfall intensity. The fluctuation of pore water pressure depended on soil mechanical behavior and its diffusion. (2) The differences in the formation process of granite residual soil landslides included the initiation time and mode. The starting time of landslide was delayed with increasing initial dry density and slope angle but shortened with increasing rainfall intensity. The failure mode could be changed from a sudden type to a progressive type due to the increase in initial dry density. (3) There are five stages in the landslide mobilization as follows: rain infiltration and crack generation, soil slide at the slope toe, occurrence of surface runoff and soil erosion, formation of steep-free surface, and soil slide at the upper slope. This research can provide valuable reference for the prevention and early warning of granite residual soil landslide in southeastern Guangxi.
Stratospheric downward wave reflection events modulate North American weather regimes and cold spells
Authors: Messori Gabriele , Kretschmer Marlene , Lee Simon H. , Wendt Vivien 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The Arctic stratospheric polar vortex is an important driver of mid-latitude winter cold spells. One proposed coupling mechanism between the
stratospheric polar vortex and the troposphere is upward-propagating planetary waves being reflected downward by the polar vortex. However, while
the wave reflection mechanism is well-documented, its role in favouring cold spells is still under-explored. Here, we analyse such stratospheric
wave reflections and their impact on the tropospheric circulation and surface temperatures over North America in winter. We present a physically
interpretable regional stratospheric wave reflection detection metric and identify the tropospheric circulation anomalies associated with prolonged
periods of wave reflection, which we term reflection events. In particular, we characterise the tropospheric anomalies through the lens of
North American weather regimes. Stratospheric reflection events show a systematic evolution from a Pacific Trough regime – associated on average
with positive temperature anomalies and a near-complete absence of anomalously cold temperatures in North America – to an Alaskan Ridge regime,
which favours low temperatures over much of the continent. The most striking feature of the stratospheric reflection events is thus a rapid,
continental-scale decrease in temperatures. These emerge as continental-scale cold spells by the end of the reflection events. Stratospheric
reflection events are thus highly relevant in a tropospheric predictability perspective.