bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Concept of Real Use of Reason
Authors: Caimi Mario Pedro Miguel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe subject matter of the article is the concept of “the real use of reason” (usus realis) alluded to by Kant inCritique of Pure ReasonA299/B355 and in A305/B362. After comparing it with the “real use of understanding” examined in De mundi sensibilis and in theCritique of Pure Reason, the real use of reason is presented as a legitimate and useful performance that should be distinguished from the deceiving illusion induced by an appearance generated by reason itself. The real use of reason (its production of ideas and principles) proves itself as an unavoidable condition for the regulative use of ideas as well as a condition for the production of a critical metaphysics.
Predicting the subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in overweight and obese patients using a machine learning model
Authors: Gavrilov D. V. , Kuznetsova T. Yu. , Druzhilov M. A. , Korsakov I. N. , Gusev A. V. 
Published: May 2022

Aim. To develop a model for predicting the subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCA) in order to refine cardiovascular risk (CVR) using machine learning methods in overweight and obese patients without hypertension, diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD).Material and methods. Anonymized database (DB) Webiomed (2.9 million patients) was used. There were following inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, availability of data on ultrasound of extracranial arteries. Patients with hypertension, diabetes and/or CVD were excluded from the analysis. Data on 5750 patients were selected, of which atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 385 people. The final data set contained information on 447 patients, 197 (44,1%) of which had SCA. Quantitative and categorical traits for model training were taken with 40% occupancy in the database. The number of final traits for machine learning was 28. When creating the model, 3 Random Forest algorithms, AdaBoostClassifier, KNeighborsClassifier and the Scikit-learn library were used. To improve the model performance, the fill missing function was used. The target parameters of the model were given a predictive ability (accuracy) of at least 75%, while the area under the ROC curve was at least 0,75.Results. The resulting dataset was divided into training and test parts in a ratio of 80:20. Depending on the applied algorithms, the learned model was characterized by a predictive ability of 75-97%, sensitivity of 77-92%, specificity of 80-98%, and area under the ROC-curve of 0,88-0,97. Taking into account the accuracy metrics, the best results were obtained for the model learned by the Random Forest algorithm (95%, 92%, 98% and 0,95, respectively).Conclusion. The developed model can help a physician make a decision to refer an overweight and obese patient without cardiovascular diseases for ultrasound of extracranial arteries, which contributes to a more accurate CVR stratification. The introduction of such risk stratification algorithms into practice will increase the accuracy and quality of CVR prediction and optimize the system of preventive measures.
Relationships between the activity of neurohormonal systems and intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with heart failure: focus on galectin-3
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Dragomiretsksya N. A. , Kazadaeva A. V. , Beliaev Yu. G. , Tolmacheva Anastasia V. 
Published: May 2022

The introduction of novel biomarkers necessitates their detailed study in patients with different heart failure (HF) phenotypes as part of a personalized approach to assessing the disease severity and predicting outcomes.Aim. To assessthe activity of following neurohormonal systems: N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3 in HF with preserved, mildly reduced and reduced ejection fraction (EF).Material and methods. In 69 patients with NYHA class II-IV HF, along with a general clinical examination, the level of NT-proBNP and serum galectin-3 was determined by enzyme immunoassay.Results. Patients included in the study were divided into 3 groups: preserved EF (HFpEF) — 23 patients, mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF) — 26 patients, and reduced EF (HFrEF) — 20 patients. In patients with HF, the level of galectin-3 did not directly depend on EF, but was associated with NT-proBNP level as follows: there was a tendency to increase the concentration of galectin-3 in the tertile groups of NT-proBNP. Correlation analysis revealed significant feedback (r=-0,41, p<0,05) between galectin-3 and left ventricular EF only in patients with preserved systolic function. In the same group of HFpEF patients, the maximum values of serum galectin-3 indices were noted, reaching 10,5 [6,5; 14,5] ng/ml.Conclusion. Analysis of neurohormonal activity demonstrated a unidirectional increase in NT-proBNP and galectin-3 in patients with HF, regardless of left ventricular EF, while the maximum values of galetin-3 were observed in patients with HFpEF.
MINING, ALCHEMY, AND THE CHANGING CONCEPT OF MINERALS FROM ANTIQUITY TO EARLY MODERNITY
Authors: BARTON ISABEL 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
This paper analyzes how the Western concept of minerals evolved over time. Greco-Roman philosophers saw minerals as a form of plant that yielded useful metals or medicines. Most of their data came from mines and focused on ore minerals, but medicinal uses were more highly regarded and were the principal intentional focus of early mineral literature. As mining waned in the early medieval period, the focus of mineral literature shifted to emphasize gemstones rather than ores and mysticism rather than metallurgy, while medicine continued to be prominent. Descriptions from firsthand observation became rare.
Starting in the 9th century AD, an inorganic concept of minerals as chemicals began to arise from alchemical experiments in the Middle East. The alchemical mineral literature demonstrated that minerals differed from plants in being separable into constituent ingredients by chemical processes, focusing on ores. The sulfur-mercury model of mineral origin also reflects a strong emphasis on metal ores at the expense of other minerals. As mining rates increased again in Europe after the 10th century, this alchemical concept of minerals caught on. However, the alchemical model acquired a spiritual gloss, leading to a divide in the 16th century between a spiritualized organic model of minerals and an inorganic or mechanical alternative, both focused mainly on ores. Eventually the concept of spiritual or living minerals diverged from the mineral to the alchemical literature in the 16th century, as the mechanical model evolved into the modern chemical identification of minerals.
ON ‘RE-TREADING’ EARLY GEOLOGICAL FIELDWORK
Authors: RUDWICK MARTIN J. S. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The method of ‘re-treading’ the fieldwork of past geologists is analogous to the method of ‘re-staging’ historically significant laboratory experiments. Neither provides any short cut to scientific or historical truth, nor grounds for celebrating or condemning the work of past scientists. Yet both can yield valuable insights into those scientists’ on-the-spot thinking, their reasoning and their eventual presentation of their conclusions. As a historical research method, the ‘re-treading’ of fieldwork has been relatively neglected, although it has many parallels with more traditional methods centred on the analysis of texts and their accompanying images. This paper summarises a few examples of ‘re-treading’, drawn from the author’s published research on fieldwork by European geologists in the decades around 1800; but the methods described here can be, and deserve to be, adopted much more widely.
THE NEWBERRY-WHITTLESEY CONTROVERSY AND ITS PROTAGONISTS: BACKGROUND, ARGUMENTS, AND OUTCOME OF A BITTER FEUD
Authors: HANNIBAL JOSEPH T. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
In 1869 a bitter feud broke out between two preeminent Ohio geologists, John Strong Newberry (1822–1892), and Colonel Charles Whittlesey (1806–1886), beginning with the naming of Newberry as State Geologist for Ohio, a position that both had lobbied for. The two protagonists had much in common, including their interests in Ohio geology, but they also had different geological and class backgrounds, interests, and talents. Whittlesey waged an unremitting campaign against the organization and emphasis of the Newberry Survey for more than a decade. This long battle played out on the political and public stage, with an exchange of acrimonious letters in newspapers across Ohio. Some of Whittlesey’s charges, such as absenteeism, were valid, and Newberry’s replies were overly strident. Newberry had supporters, including James Hall, but Whittlesey gained the support of Leo Lesquereux and Ebenezer B. Andrews, as well as many legislators and at least one influential newspaper. Whittlesey and Newberry made many contributions to geology and both have important geological features named for them. Both are buried in Cleveland’s Lake View Cemetery.
SOCIAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF A SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Aliyev Roman , Chekhlov Mikhail , Chehlova Zoja , Keviša Ingrīda 
Published: May 2022

We regard the social self-determination of senior secondary school students as the basis for their education as citizens of Latvia and citizens of Europe. This underpins the need to actualize the problem of social self-determination. The aim of the research is to determine the essence and structure of social self-determination of senior secondary school students and to identify the conditions for the development of social self-determination in secondary school students in the process of education. Research methods include observation, questionnaire, survey, comparison, experiment, and mathematical statistics. Research results are the following:- as a result of the study, there was determined the content and structure of social self-determination as a systemic personal formation, representing the relationship of two components: citizenship and intercultural identity; - the conditions for the development of social self-determination have been identified, including the humanization of the educational process based on a certain system of moral values and beliefs; - the key strategy for organizing the educational process has been suggested: changing the content of education by introducing a cultural component, which would contribute to a change in all structural components, from the goal to the result; - this implies a change in the procedural aspect of education: the organization of a personal cultural dialogue; the dialogue is regarded as the basis for communication in the pedagogical process; - the key values of secondary school students were determined in the process of a fact-finding experiment.
Long-term outcomes of myocardial and cerebral revascularization with combined or staged percutaneous interventions and carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Danilovich A. I. , Tarasov R. S. 
Published: May 2022

Aim To evaluate in-hospital and long-term outcomes of myocardial and cerebral revascularization with combined or staged PCI and carotid endarterectomy.Methods.263 myocardial and cerebral revascularizations with PCI and CEA in patients with combined cerebral and coronary artery lesions in the period from 2011 to 2017 were performed. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the surgical strategy. Patient (n = 133) who underwent a staged intervention (CEA and PCI) were included in Group 1, whereas patients (n = 130) who underwent a hybrid intervention (CEE+PCI CA) were included in Group 2. The mean follow-up was 3.5 years.Results.100% of patients in Group 2 underwent coronary and internal carotid revascularization according to the results of in-hospital and long-term follow-up. 81.35% of patient in Group 1 underwent PCI and CEA, whereas 3.01% of patients underwent only PCI and 6.77% of patients – CEA. 1.5% of patients in Group 1 did not receive any surgical treatment. The most common causes of incomplete revascularization were the subsequent change of the initially defined treatment for myocardial (6.02%) or cerebral revascularization (0.75%). The rest refused the second stage, or it was associated with extremely high risk and the strategy was switched to the conservative therapy.Conclusion.100% of patients received hybrid myocardial and cerebral revascularization during one hospitalization. It allowed reducing mortality from MI and stroke during the waiting period for the next stage of the treatment in Group 1 (almost 5%). Hybrid interventions can be used in patients with high risk for open-heart surgery, severe comorbidities (obesity, diabetes, renal dysfunction), significant coronary and cerebral artery lesions with high risk of MI and stroke. However, hybrid approach was associated with high rate (almost 7%) of non-fatal MI in the long-term follow-up.
Scaffolds as drug and bioactive compound delivery systems
Authors: Egorikhina M. N. , Mukhina P. A. , Bronnikova I. I. 
Published: May 2022

The article updates the existing data on the use of scaffolds as target and controlled substance delivery systems. The prerequisites and grounds for using scaffolds as substance delivery systems are being considered. Current tissue-engineered strategies for developing target drug and bioactive substance delivery using scaffolds are being discussed. A classification of scaffold-based substance delivery systems is provided. Special attention is given to the development of two-phase substance delivery systems using various types of nanoparticles. A variety of nanoparticles and the benefits of their use as carriers of substances in a two-component delivery systems are shown. Recent developments in the substance delivery systems for regenerative medicine and future prospects are presented.
Quipazine treatment exacerbates oxidative stress in glutamate-induced HT-22 neuronal cells
Authors: YILDIZHAN Kenan , ÖZTÜRK Ayşegül 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Quipazine is a serotonin agonist. It is known that serotonin, an important neurotransmitter, contributes to the etiology of psychiatric and many neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect of the serotonin agonist quipazine on HT-22 cells in glutamate-induced cytotoxicity is unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect of quipazine on increased oxidative stress (OS) as a result of glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT-22 cells.Methods: The cells were divided into 4 groups, Control group: no treatment was applied, Glutamate group: glutamate was incubated at 10 mM for 24 h, Quipazine group: incubated with different doses of quipazine for 24 h, Quipazine+Glutamate group were pre-treated with various concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 µM) of quipazine for 1 h and then exposed to 10 mM glutamate for 24 h. Cell viability rate between groups was measured by the XTT assay. OS and antioxidant levels were measured with the Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) Elisa kits, and Caspase-3 levels were also examined in caspase activity. Results: Quipazine at different concentrations showed significant differences in cell viability in HT-22 cells. An appropriate dose of 25 µM was accepted for quipazine in the study. Quipazine treatment with glutamate-toxicity in the cells further reduced TAS levels and significantly increased TOS levels. It was also observed that the Caspase-3 level increased more in the Quipazine + Glutamate group according to the Glutamate group. Conclusions: The results determined that the use of quipazine is an agent that will further increase the neurodegeneration caused by glutamate toxicity.
Implementation K-Means Algorithm to Group Provinces By Factors Influenced Criminal Act in Indonesia in 2019
Authors: Wahidah Zumrotul , Utari Dina Tri 
Published: May 2022

A criminal act is an act that is prohibited by a criminal law accompanied by a sanction in the form of a particular crime for whoever violates the prohibition. Criminal action as a social phenomenon is more influenced by various aspects of life in society, including poverty and unemployment factors. Grouping the factors that influence a crime is necessary to find the most recent information that was not previously known. This research uses the K-Means method, a non-hierarchical cluster analysis that seeks to partition data with the same characteristics into one cluster. The results showed that 3 clusters formed, with cluster 1 covering 17 provinces are areas with the characteristics of the lowest percentage of poverty and the highest average unemployment, the cluster group 2 includes 12 provinces which are areas with the characteristics of the percentage of moderate poverty and the lowest average unemployment, the cluster group 3 includes five provinces which are areas with the characteristics of the highest percentage of poverty and moderate unemployment.
Analisis Tindak Tutur Jenderal Gatot Nurmantyo dari Perskpektif Filsafat Relativitas Bahasa
Authors: Dewi Yuli Rahmawati , Syihabuddin Syihabuddin 
Published: May 2022

<em>Missunderstandings can happen between language users. Based on Language Relativity theory, it’s because language depends on the knowledge, background and agreement of its user. This research studies a language missunderstanding caused by the utterances stated by Indonesia National Armed Force 2015-2017 Commander, in CNN Indonesia interview. The interview’s telling about him commanding his array to re-watch G30S/PKI movie. The research purposes to explain the types and the influence of the utterances stated, the caused and the form of the missunderstanding, and the language relativity happens in Linguistics point of views using descriptive qualitative method and gather and writing technique. The data taken from CNN Indonesia official youtube on September 18, 2017 tittled Panglima TNI Perintahkan Seluruh Jajarannya untuk Nobar Film G30S/PKI. Based on Austin (1962) Speech Act theory, there are two types speech act found. There are Locutionary Act and Ilocutionary Act. The Ilocutionary Act utterances are included to Expositives, Verdictive and Commisives types. It gives impact as if the hearer must watch the G30S/PKI movie. The Context of the utterance was meant for the Armed Force he lead at the time that might be accepted differently by those who come from different backgrounds.This shows the language relativity phenomenon</em>
PENGARUH POWER OTOT TUNGKAI, KEKUATAN LENGAN DAN PERSEPSI KINESTETIK TERHADAP KECEPATAN MEMANJAT SPEED WORLD RECORD PADA ATLET PANJAT TEBING KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Khoirunnisa Hani , Widiastuti  , Lubis Johansyah 
Published: May 2022

Abstrak. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh antara power otot tungkai, kekuatan lengan, dan persepsi kinestetik terhadap kecepatan speed world record pada atlet panjat tebing kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei dengan pengukuran dan tes, sedangkan keterampilan analisis menggunakan pendekatan analisis jalur (path analysis). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet panjat tebing kabupaten Bogor. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Teknik total sampling. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis penelitian dapat ditemukan bahwa: 1) Terdapat pengaruh langsung antara Power otot tungkai (X1) terhadap kecepatan memanjat speed world record (Y) atlet panjat tebing kabupaten Bogor sebesar 4,80%; 2) Terdapat pengaruh langsung antara Kekuatan Lengan (X2) terhadap kecepatan memanjat speed world record (Y) atlet panjat tebing kabupaten Bogor sebesar 3,42%; 3) Terdapat Pengaruh langsung antara Persepsi Kinestetik (X3) terhadap kecepatan memanjat speed world record (Y) atlet panjat tebing kabupaten Bogorsebesar 3,42%; 4) Terdapat pengaruh langsung anatara Power otot tungkai (X1) terhadap Persepsi Kinestetik (X3) atlet panjat tebing kabupaten Bogor sebesar 4%; 5) Terdapat pengaruh langsung antara Kekuatan Lengan (X2) terhadap Persepsi Kinestetik (X3) atlet panjat tebing kabupaten Bogor sebesar 4,41%. Berdasarkan temuan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa power otot tungkai dan kekuatan lengan dapat berpengaruh langsung terhadap persepsi kinestetik pada atlet panjat tebing kabupaten Bogor; serta power otot tungkai dan kekuatan lengan dapat berpengaruh langsung, dan persepsi kinestetik terhadap kecepatan memanjat speed World record pada atlet panjat tebing kabupaten Bogor.
PENGARUH KEKUATAN OTOT LENGAN, FLEKSIBILITAS BAHU DAN KESEIMBANGAN TUBUH TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MELEMPAR BOLA BOCCE PADA SISWA TUNAGRAHITA SDLB 12 JAKARTA
Authors: Hari Agustina Muharom  
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis (1) Kekuatan Otot Lengan (2) Fleksibilitas Bahu (3) Keseimbangan Tubuh terhadap (4) Keterampilan Melempar Bola Bocce Pada Siswa Tunagrahita. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif, metode survei dengan teknik tes dan pengukuran. Sedangkan teknik analisis mengunakan pendekatan analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Terdapat pengaruh positif antara Kekuatan Otot Lengan (X1) terhadap Keterampilan Melempar Bocce (Y). Terdapat pengaruh positif antara Fleksibilitas Bahu (X2) terhadap Keterampilan Melempar Bocce (Y). Terdapat Pengaruh positif antara Keseimbangan Tubuh (X3) terhadap Keterampilan Melempar Bocce (Y). Terdapat pengaruh positif antara Kekuatan Otot Lengan (X1) terhadap Keseimbangan Tubuh (X3). Terdapat pengaruh positif antara Fleksibilitas Bahu (X2) terhadap Keseimbangan Tubuh (X3). Terdapat pengaruh positif antara Kekuatan Otot Lengan (X1) terhadap Fleksibilitas Bahu (X2). Dengan demikian dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kekuatan Otot Lengan, Fleksibilitas Bahu, Keseimbangan Tubuh berpengaruh terhadap Keterampilan Melempar Bola Bocce
Cytogenetic Investigations and Y-Chromosome Microdeletion Screening in some Infertile Kurdish males In Erbil province/ Iraq
Authors: Abdulwahid Muhsin Jamil , Al-Attar Mustafa Saber , Mohammed Rozhgar Abdullah 
Published: May 2022

Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, infertility affects approximately 15% of all couples trying to conceive. Male infertility is responsible for about 50% of the infertility cases. Chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions are the most common genetic causes of male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent factor of the chromosomal abnormality in the infertile male. Azoospermia Factor (AZF) microdeletions located on the Y chromosome are one of the recurrent genetic cause of male infertility. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies and AZF microdeletions in 296 infertile Kurdish men in Erbil province, 289 patients diagnosed as azoospermia (97.6%) and 7 patients as severe oligozoospermia (2.4%) and 50 healthy men as control group. Twenty nine patients (9.8%) had various chromosomal abnormalities. The most common chromosomal abnormalities were found in sex chromosomes (93.1%; 29/27), among these abnormalities 20 patients (69%) had Klinefelter syndrome 47,XXY karyotype, 4 patients (13.8%) had 45X0/46, Xder(Y), 2 patients (6.9%) had XXY t(11;22)(q25;q13) and 1 patients (3.4%) had Mosaic Turner syndrome 46XY/45X0. The autosomal chromosomal abnormalities (6.9%; 2/29) detected in 2 patients 45, XY, rob (13;14) (q10;q10). Y chromosome microdeletions were found in 10 of 289 patients with azoospermia (3.5%), three of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFc region, 3 of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFb region, also other 3 patients had microdeletions in the b and c of AZF (AZF b,c) region, and the final one patient (10%) had microdeletions in the all a, b and c (AZF a,b,c) region. Combined Y chromosome microdeletions and chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 3 patients.