bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small islands as potential model ecosystems for parasitology: climatic influence on parasites of feral cats
Authors: Marbella David , Santana-Hernández Kevin Manuel , Rodríguez-Ponce Eligia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The influence of climate on parasite distribution has been demonstrated in different regions worldwide. Despite its small size, Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) constitutes a ‘biodiversity laboratory’ due to the huge climatic differences between municipalities. Feral cats may represent a threat to biodiversity due to their predatory behaviour. In addition, they may be a source of pathogens zoonotic to humans. To study the climatic/seasonal influence and prevalence of feral cat parasites throughout the island, a total of 290 stool samples from 29 feral cat colonies were analysed following standard concentration protocols (sodium chloride, formol-ether and zinc sulphate). In total, 13 feline parasitic taxa were found, with the most common species being Ancylostoma spp., which, together with Toxocara spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Giardia spp., are considered a concern for human health. Nematodes were the most common parasites in all areas. Nematodes and protozoans were significantly more prevalent in temperate mild (75.0% and 30.0%) than in dry desert areas (29.3% and 18.7%). In contrast, cestodes were significantly more prevalent in dry desert than in temperate mild areas (26.0% and 13.3%). Only protozoans exhibited statistically significant seasonal patterns, mostly in the wet season. Data reported in this study endorse the usage of small and diverse islands such as Gran Canaria to study the climatic influence on parasitic communities in wild/feral animals. Cat colonies require better management to reduce their threat to endemic wildlife, domestic animals and public health, being invasive species that harbour zoonotic parasites.
Application of bidirectional rapidly exploring random trees (BiRRT) algorithm for collision-free trajectory planning of free-floating space manipulator
Authors: Rybus Tomasz , Prokopczuk Jacek , Wojtunik Mateusz , Aleksiejuk Konrad , Musiał Jacek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOn-orbit servicing and active debris removal missions will rely on the use of unmanned satellite equipped with a manipulator. Capture of the target object will be the most challenging phase of these missions. During the capture manoeuvre, the manipulator must avoid collisions with elements of the target object (e.g., solar panels). The dynamic equations of the satellite-manipulator system must be used during the trajectory planning because the motion of the manipulator influences the position and orientation of the satellite. In this paper, we propose application of the bidirectional rapidly exploring random trees (BiRRT) algorithm for planning a collision-free trajectory of a manipulator mounted on a free-floating satellite. A new approach based on pseudo-velocities method (PVM) is used for construction of nodes of the trajectory tree. Initial nodes of the second tree are selected from the set of potential final configurations of the system. The proposed method is validated in numerical simulations performed for a planar case (3-DoF manipulator). The obtained results are compared with the results obtained with two other trajectory planning methods based on the RRT algorithm. It is shown that in a simple test scenario, the proposed BiRRT PVM algorithm results in a lower manipulator tip position error. In a more difficult test scenario, only the proposed method was able to find a solution. Practical applicability of the BiRRT PVM method is demonstrated in experiments performed on a planar air-bearing microgravity simulator where the trajectory is realised by a manipulator mounted on a mock-up of the free-floating servicing satellite.
The Prospects for ‘Prospect Utilitarianism’
Authors: Davies Ben 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHun Chung argues for a theory of distributive justice – ‘prospect utilitarianism’ – that overcomes two central problems purportedly faced by sufficientarianism: giving implausible answers in ‘lifeboat cases’, where we can save the lives of some but not all of a group, and failing to respect the axiom of continuity. Chung claims that prospect utilitarianism overcomes these problems, and receives empirical support from work in economics on prospect theory. This article responds to Chung's criticisms of sufficientarianism, showing that they are misplaced. It then shows that prospect utilitarianism faces independent problems, since it too requires a threshold, which Chung bases on the idea of ‘adequate functioning’. The article shows that there are problems with this as a threshold, and that it is not empirically supported by prospect theory.
Anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders in children and adolescents referred to paediatric cardiology with somatic symptoms
Authors: Gumus Yusuf Yasin , Senturk Ekrem 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Chest pain, palpitations, and syncope are among the most common referrals to paediatric cardiology. These symptoms generally have a non-cardiac aetiology in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents referred to the paediatric cardiology clinic with chest pain, palpitations, and syncope and the relationship between cardiological symptoms and psychiatric disorders.Methods:Children and adolescents aged 8–16 years who presented at the paediatric cardiology clinic with primary complaints of chest pain, palpitation, or syncope were included in the study. After a detailed cardiology examination, psychiatric disorders were assessed using the DSM IV-TR diagnostic criteria and a semi-structured interview scale (KSADS-PL). The Child Depression Inventory and Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children were also applied to assess the severity of anxiety and depression.Results:The study participants comprised 73 (68.90%) girls and 33 (31.10%) boys with a mean age of 12.5 ± 2.4 years. Psychiatric disorders were determined in a total of 48 (45.3%) participants; 24 (38.7%) in the chest pain group, 12 (48.0%) in the palpitation group, and 12 (63.2%) in the syncope group. Cardiological disease was detected in 17% of the cases, and the total frequencies of psychiatric disorders (p = 0.045) were higher in patients with cardiological disease.Conclusion:It is clinically important to know that the frequency of psychiatric disorders is high in patients presenting at paediatric cardiology with chest pain, palpitations, and syncope. Physicians should be aware of patients’ psychiatric problems and take a biopsychosocial approach in the evaluation of somatic symptoms.
Constitutional catallaxy and indigenous rights: the Australian case
Authors: Novak Mikayla 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper interrogates certain contractarian theoretical presumptions concerning the development and maintenance of political constitutions. Specifically, the extent to which constitutional agreement is said to be inclusive of all persons affected by the activation of proposed provisions, and the extent to which such provisions remain agreeable, is critically appraised. For example, rectifying historical exclusions of indigenous peoples from constitutional agreement procedures, and the constitutional accommodation of demands for racial equality and recognition of indigenous rights, presents as an important motivation for constitutional change in actually existing societies. The objective of this paper is to interpret constitutional developments on matters of indigenous rights as the manifestation of complex, adaptive arrangements, instituted by actions seeking to restructure political rules and reframe the boundaries of permissible political action. Taking the Australian case, this paper illustrates how acts of constitutional entrepreneurship by indigenous groups have contributed to constitutional changes such as racially non-discriminatory treatment and recognition of indigenous governance. Entrepreneurship is seen as a part of broader endogenous processes reshaping constitutions, including constitutional arbitrage by activists between legislatures and judiciaries, and mobilizing popular support for indigenous rights. The framework presented in this paper extends constitutional political economy insights regarding the evolution of basic political institutions.
Bunte Teams brauchen Führung
Authors: Varnhagen Carsten 
Published: July 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Ohne internationale Pflegefachkräfte kommt das Gesundheitswesen mittelfristig nicht aus. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebaut? Die Führungskraft ist die Schlüsselfunktion im interkulturellen Management. Diese komplexe Aufgabe kann sie nur umsetzen, wenn sie adäquat darauf vorbereitet wird. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Das Aufgabengebiet von Führungskräften wird immer komplexer. Führungskräfte sind auf die Führung diverser Teams durch interkulturelles Training vorzubereiten, um Misserfolge der Integration sowie Fluktuation zu vermeiden.
Ganz normal?!
Authors: Wolfensberger Peter , Weber Patrick 
Published: July 2022

Was ist zum Thema bereits bekannt? Gesellschaftliche Veränderungen und entsprechende rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen haben für queere Menschen das Leben in vielen Bereichen verbessert. Trotzdem sind Homo- und Transphobie immer noch verbreitet. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Sichtbarkeit und persönliche Geschichten, sowie eine reflektierte Auseinandersetzung sind notwendig, um queeren Menschen im Alltag Sicherheit und Wohlbefinden zu ermöglichen. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Gesundheitsfachpersonen haben eine Verantwortung, den Lebenswelten queerer Menschen adäquat zu begegnen.
Stabile Seitenlage für die Seele
Authors: Himstedt Philipp , Maltese Simona , Send Tabea , Deuschle Michael 
Published: July 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? MHFA Ersthelfer-Kurse steigern das Wissen und die Fertigkeiten von Lai_innen im Umgang mit Betroffenen von psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Das Empowerment von nahestehenden Personen von Betroffenen ist ein wichtiger Ansatzpunkt in der Frühintervention psychischer Gesundheitsprobleme. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Psychische Gesundheitsprobleme sollen entstigmatisiert sowie von Betroffenen und deren Umfeld besser verstanden und früher erkannt werden. Die Latenzzeit bis zum Aufsuchen des professionellen Hilfesystems soll verringert werden.
Deep Geological Controls on Formation of the Highest‐Grade Uranium Deposits in the World: Magnetotelluric Imaging of Unconformity‐Related Systems From the Athabasca Basin, Canada
Authors: Tschirhart V. , Potter E. G. , Powell J. W. , Roots E. A. , Craven J. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnconformity‐related uranium (URU) deposits in the Athabasca Basin, Canada, include the highest grade, large tonnage deposits in the world. Recent studies of the Patterson Lake corridor uranium deposits suggest a deep heat source enhances hydrothermal fluid flow and incursion of basinal brines along brittlely reactivated ductile shear zones. However, the spatial extent of the ore systems and lower crustal features capable of driving the hydrothermal cells remained largely unresolved. Three‐dimensional electrical conductivity models derived from inversion of magnetotelluric data and coincident gravity modeling identified a voluminous conductivity anomaly and corresponding gravity low related to a belt of high‐heat producing intrusions that dips below the deposit. Shallow conductive bodies are identified below the deposits and similarly prospective corridors. The volume and location of the intrusive bodies may have provided a source of radiogenic heat that helped drive remobilization of fluids along reactivated structures, redefining the spatial extent of URU systems.
Aquatic and Terrestrial Plant Contributions to Sedimentary Plant Waxes in a Modern Arctic Lake Setting
Authors: Hollister Kayla V. , Thomas Elizabeth K. , Raynolds Martha K. , Bültmann Helga , Raberg Jonathan H. , Miller Gifford H. , Sepúlveda Julio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSedimentary plant waxδ2H values are common proxies for hydrology, a poorly constrained variable in the Arctic. However, it can be difficult to distinguish plant waxes derived from aquatic versus terrestrial plants, causing uncertainty in climate interpretations. We test the hypothesis that Arctic lake sediment mid‐ and long‐chain plant waxes derive from aquatic and terrestrial plants, respectively. We comparen‐alkanoic acid andn‐alkane chain‐length distributions andn‐alkanoic acidδ2H andδ13C values of the 29 most abundant modern plant taxa to those for soils, water filtrates, and lake sediments in the Qaupat Lake (QPT) catchment, Nunavut, Canada. Chain length distributions are variable among terrestrial plants, but similar and dominated by mid‐chain waxes among submerged/floating aquatic plants. Sedimentary wax distributions are similar to those in submerged/floating aquatic plants and toSalixspp., which are among the most abundant terrestrial plants in the QPT catchment. Mid‐chainn‐alkanoic acidδ2H values are similar in sediments and submerged/floating aquatic plants, but 50‰ lower thanSalixspp. In contrast, sedimentary long‐chainn‐alkanoic acidδ2H values fall between those for submerged/floating aquatic plants andSalixspp. We therefore infer that mid‐chain waxes in QPT are primarily from aquatic plants, whereas long‐chain waxes are from a mix of terrestrial and aquatic plants. In Arctic lakes like QPT, terrestrial wax transport via leaf litter and surface flow is limited by low‐lying topography and sparse vegetation. If these lakes also have abundant aquatic plants growing near the sediment‐water interface, the aquatic plants can contribute large portions of sedimentary waxes.
Cell-type specific changes in PKC-delta neurons of the central amygdala during alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Dilly Geoffrey A. , Kittleman Cory W. , Kerr Tony M. , Messing Robert O. , Mayfield R. Dayne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe central amygdala (CeA) contains a diverse population of cells, including multiple subtypes of GABAergic neurons, along with glia and epithelial cells. Specific CeA cell types have been shown to affect alcohol consumption in animal models of dependence and may be involved in negative affect during alcohol withdrawal. We used single-nuclei RNA sequencing to determine cell-type specificity of differential gene expression in the CeA induced by alcohol withdrawal. Cells within the CeA were classified using unbiased clustering analyses and identified based on the expression of known marker genes. Differential gene expression analysis was performed on each identified CeA cell-type. It revealed differential gene expression in astrocytes and GABAergic neurons associated with alcohol withdrawal. GABAergic neurons were further subclassified into 13 clusters of cells. Analyzing transcriptomic responses in these subclusters revealed that alcohol exposure induced multiple differentially expressed genes in one subtype of CeA GABAergic neurons, the protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) expressing neurons. These results suggest that PKCδ neurons in the CeA may be uniquely sensitive to the effects of alcohol exposure and identify a novel population of cells in CeA associated with alcohol withdrawal.
Disruption of tubulin-alpha4a polyglutamylation prevents aggregation of hyper-phosphorylated tau and microglia activation in mice
Authors: Hausrat Torben Johann , Janiesch Philipp C. , Breiden Petra , Lutz David , Hoffmeister-Ullerich Sabine , Hermans-Borgmeyer Irm , Failla Antonio Virgilio , Kneussel Matthias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDissociation of hyper-phosphorylated Tau from neuronal microtubules and its pathological aggregates, are hallmarks in the etiology of tauopathies. The Tau-microtubule interface is subject to polyglutamylation, a reversible posttranslational modification, increasing negative charge at tubulin C-terminal tails. Here, we asked whether tubulin polyglutamylation may contribute to Tau pathology in vivo. Since polyglutamylases modify various proteins other than tubulin, we generated a knock-in mouse carrying gene mutations to abolish Tuba4a polyglutamylation in a substrate-specific manner. We found that Tuba4a lacking C-terminal polyglutamylation prevents the binding of Tau and GSK3 kinase to neuronal microtubules, thereby strongly reducing phospho-Tau levels. Notably, crossbreeding of the Tuba4a knock-in mouse with the hTau tauopathy model, expressing a human Tau transgene, reversed hyper-phosphorylation and oligomerization of Tau and normalized microglia activation in brain. Our data highlight tubulin polyglutamylation as a potential therapeutic strategy in fighting tauopathies.
Drivers and trends of global soil microbial carbon over two decades
Authors: Patoine Guillaume , Eisenhauer Nico , Cesarz Simone , Phillips Helen R. P. , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhang Lihua , Guerra Carlos A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoil microorganisms are central to sustain soil functions and services, like carbon and nutrient cycling. Currently, we only have a limited understanding of the spatial-temporal dynamics of soil microorganisms, restricting our ability to assess long-term effects of climate and land-cover change on microbial roles in soil biogeochemistry. This study assesses the temporal trends in soil microbial biomass carbon and identifies the main drivers of biomass change regionally and globally to detect the areas sensitive to these environmental factors. Here, we combined a global soil microbial biomass carbon data set, random forest modelling, and environmental layers to predict spatial-temporal dynamics of microbial biomass carbon stocks from 1992 to 2013. Soil microbial biomass carbon stocks decreased globally by 3.4 ± 3.0% (mean ± 95% CI) between 1992 and 2013 for the predictable regions, equivalent to 149 Mt being lost over the period, or ~1‰ of soil C. Northern areas with high soil microbial carbon stocks experienced the strongest decrease, mostly driven by increasing temperatures. In contrast, land-cover change was a weaker global driver of change in microbial carbon, but had, in some cases, important regional effects.
A long-term reconstructed TROPOMI solar-induced fluorescence dataset using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Chen Xingan , Huang Yuefei , Nie Chong , Zhang Shuo , Wang Guangqian , Chen Shiliu , Chen Zhichao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhotosynthesis is a key process linking carbon and water cycles, and satellite-retrieved solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) can be a valuable proxy for photosynthesis. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Copernicus Sentinel-5P mission enables significant improvements in providing high spatial and temporal resolution SIF observations, but the short temporal coverage of the data records has limited its applications in long-term studies. This study uses machine learning to reconstruct TROPOMI SIF (RTSIF) over the 2001–2020 period in clear-sky conditions with high spatio-temporal resolutions (0.05° 8-day). Our machine learning model achieves high accuracies on the training and testing datasets (R2 = 0.907, regression slope = 1.001). The RTSIF dataset is validated against TROPOMI SIF and tower-based SIF, and compared with other satellite-derived SIF (GOME-2 SIF and OCO-2 SIF). Comparing RTSIF with Gross Primary Production (GPP) illustrates the potential of RTSIF for estimating gross carbon fluxes. We anticipate that this new dataset will be valuable in assessing long-term terrestrial photosynthesis and constraining the global carbon budget and associated water fluxes.
Development of a rapid in vitro pre-screen for distinguishing effective liposome-adjuvant delivery systems
Authors: Feather Laura A. J. , Nadella Vinod , Kastner Elisabeth , Perrie Yvonne , Hilton Anthony C. , Devitt Andrew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiposomes are a strong supporting tool in vaccine technology, as they are a versatile system that not only act as antigen delivery systems but also adjuvants that can be highly effective at stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Their ability to induce cell-mediated immunity makes their use in vaccines a useful tool in the development of novel, more effective vaccines against intracellular infections (e.g. HIV, malaria and tuberculosis). Currently, screening of novel liposome formulations uses murine in vivo models which generate data that often correlates poorly with human data. In addition, these models are both high cost and low throughput, making them prohibitive for large scale screening of formulation libraries. This study uses the cationic liposome formulation DDA:TDB (known as cationic adjuvant formulation 01 (CAF01)), as a lead formulation, along with other liposome formulations of known in vivo efficacy to develop an in vitro screening tool for liposome formulation development. THP-1-derived macrophages were the model antigen presenting cell used to assess the ability of the liposome formulations to attract, associate with and activate antigen presenting cells in vitro, crucial steps necessary for an effective immune response to antigen. By using a combination of in vitro functions, the study highlights the potential use of an in vitro screening tool, to predict the in vivo efficacy of novel liposome formulations. CAF01 was predicted as the most effective liposome formulation when assessing all in vitro functions and a measure of in vitro activation was able to predict 80% of the liposome correctly for their ability to induce an in vivo IFN-ү response.
Scaling quantum approximate optimization on near-term hardware
Authors: Lotshaw Phillip C. , Nguyen Thien , Santana Anthony , McCaskey Alexander , Herrman Rebekah , Ostrowski James , Siopsis George , Humble Travis S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is an approach for near-term quantum computers to potentially demonstrate computational advantage in solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, the viability of the QAOA depends on how its performance and resource requirements scale with problem size and complexity for realistic hardware implementations. Here, we quantify scaling of the expected resource requirements by synthesizing optimized circuits for hardware architectures with varying levels of connectivity. Assuming noisy gate operations, we estimate the number of measurements needed to sample the output of the idealized QAOA circuit with high probability. We show the number of measurements, and hence total time to solution, grows exponentially in problem size and problem graph degree as well as depth of the QAOA ansatz, gate infidelities, and inverse hardware graph degree. These problems may be alleviated by increasing hardware connectivity or by recently proposed modifications to the QAOA that achieve higher performance with fewer circuit layers.