bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among People Experiencing Homelessness in a Highly Vaccinated Midwest County—Dane County, Wisconsin, 2021
Authors: Gibson Crystal , Schumann Casey , Neuschel Kimberly , McBride Joseph A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This study assessed COVID-19 vaccination coverage among vaccine-eligible PEH (5 years and older) stratified by demographic characteristics. PEH were less likely to complete a primary vaccination series than the Dane County population (32.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 30.3%–33.8% vs 82.4%; 95% CI, 82.3%–82.5%) and were less likely to have received a booster when eligible (30.8%; 95% CI, 27.8%–33.9% vs 67.2%; 95% CI, 67.1%–67.4%). Vaccination rates were lowest among young PEH and PEH of color.
Communicating Effectively With People Experiencing Homelessness to Prevent Infectious Diseases
Authors: Allen Elizabeth M , Smither Betsy , Barranco Lindsey , Reynolds Jennifer , Bursey Kelli , Mattson Kristin , Mosites Emily 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are disproportionately affected by many infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, communication efforts during public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic often do not consider the unique needs of PEH. We examined how PEH seek and receive health information and how traditional health communication methods resonate with them.

Methods
We conducted in-person focus groups with PEH in 4 jurisdictions (Cincinnati, Ohio; Denver, Colorado; Sacramento, California; and the Bronx, New York) during July 2021.

Results
Findings from 15 focus groups with PEH (n = 53) revealed the need for trusted messengers and consistent messaging across local organizations, as PEH seek to verify information they receive from multiple sources. PEH overwhelmingly preferred to receive health information through face-to-face conversations, especially with healthcare providers with whom they had an established relationship, but they also cited news media, the internet, and social media as their main sources for obtaining health information. PEH reported that effective communication products pair a recommended action with instructions and resources about how to take that action within their community.

Conclusions
These findings support healthcare providers collaborating with public health agencies to ensure that infectious disease prevention messages for PEH are provided by trusted messengers, multimodal, paired with resources, and consistent.
Force Structure and Local Peacekeeping Effectiveness: Micro-Level Evidence on UN Troop Composition
Authors: Dworschak Christoph , Cil Deniz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, researchers have shifted their focus to studying the effects of peacekeeping in a geographically disaggregated manner. One of the factors that is yet to be fully examined is the variation among peacekeeping troops at the local level and its impact on peacekeeping effectiveness. Specifically, peacekeeping troops greatly vary across two dimensions: unit types, e.g., infantry, engineering, aviation, etc., and their country of origin. We argue that mixing different unit types increases peacekeepers’ specialization in skills and equipment, thereby improving their effectiveness. However, this effect is moderated by the diversity of troop contributing countries (TCCs), which exacerbates coordination problems among troops. We explore our mechanisms using evidence from interviews with former and active peacekeepers and test the empirical implications using new subnational data on UN peacekeeping bases. Our results show that diverse unit types from culturally similar TCCs are better at deterring battle-related violence, yet the same conditional effect is not present for deterring one-sided violence. These findings are of major relevance to the ongoing academic debate on peacekeeping composition, as well as to practitioners in international organizations.
Protocol digest of a phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy with S-1 plus oxaliplatin followed by D2 gastrectomy with postoperative S-1 in locally advanced gastric cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group study JCOG1509 (NAGISA Trial)
Authors: Mizusawa Junki , Tokunaga Masanori , Machida Nozomu , Yabusaki Hiroshi , Kawabata Ryohei , Imamura Hiroshi , Kinoshita Takahiro , Nomura Takashi , Nunobe Souya , Tsuji Kunihiro , Katayama Hiroshi , Fukuda Haruhiko , Boku Narikazu , Yoshikawa Takaki , Terashima Masanori ,   Stomach Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In Japan, postoperative chemotherapy is a standard care for stage II/III gastric cancer after curative resection with D2 lymph node dissection, and the clinical outcomes of patients with stage III gastric cancer are unsatisfactory. A combination of oral S-1 and oxaliplatin, that is the standard chemotherapy regimen for unresectable advanced/recurrent gastric cancer associated with a high response rate, was considered the most promising preoperative chemotherapy regimen. This randomized phase III trial was started in September 2016 to confirm the superiority of preoperative chemotherapy with S-1 plus oxaliplatin followed by D2 gastrectomy with postoperative chemotherapy compared with D2 gastrectomy with postoperative chemotherapy for patients with clinical T3–4N1–3 M0 locally advanced gastric cancer in terms of overall survival. A total of 470 patients will be enrolled from 63 hospitals in Japan for 8.5 years. This trial has been registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials as jRCTs031180350 [https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs031180350].
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Suicidal Ideation Among Veterans
Authors: Herrmann Tracy S , Nazarenko Elena , Marchand William , Day Anna , Merrill Jo , Neil Michael , Thatcher John , Garland Eric , Bryan Craig 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study was a preliminary evaluation of a manualized, brief mindfulness-based intervention (MB-SI) for veterans with suicidal ideation (SI), admitted into an inpatient psychiatric unit (IPU).

Materials and Methods
A randomized, controlled pilot study of 20 veterans aged 18-70 years with SI, admitted into a psychiatric unit, assigned to treatment as usual (TAU) or MB-SI groups. Outcome data were collected at three time points: preintervention (beginning of first session), postintervention (end of last session), and 1-month postintervention. Primary outcomes were safety and feasibility. Secondary outcome measures were SI and behavior, mindfulness state and trait, cognitive reappraisal, and emotion regulation. Additionally, psychiatric and emergency department admissions were examined. Data analysis included Generalized Linear Models, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank, Mann–Whitney U, and Fisher’s exact tests for secondary outcomes.

Results
Mindfulness-based intervention for suicidal ideation was feasible to implement on an IPU, and there were no associated adverse effects. Mindfulness-based intervention for suicidal ideation participants experienced statistically significant increase in Toronto Mindfulness Scale curiosity scores 1-month postintervention compared to preintervention and greater Toronto Mindfulness Scale decentering scores 1-month postintervention compared to TAU. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Reappraisal scores significantly increased for the MB-SI group and significantly decreased for TAU over time. IPU and emergency department admissions were not statistically different between groups or over time. Both TAU and MB-SI participants experienced a significant reduction in Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale-SI scores after the intervention. MB-SI participants experienced a higher increase in Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire scores postintervention compared to TAU.

Conclusions
Mindfulness-based intervention for suicidal ideation is feasible and safe to implement among veterans during an inpatient psychiatric admission with SI, as it is not associated with increased SI or adverse effects. Preliminary evidence suggests that MB-SI increases veterans’ propensity to view experiences with curiosity while disengaging from experience without emotional overreaction. Further, more rigorous research is warranted to determine efficacy of MB-SI.

Trial registration
The clinicaltrials.gov registration number is NCT04099173 and dates are July 16, 2019 (initial release) and February 24, 2022 (most recent update).
Forming hot subluminous stars from hierarchical triples – I. The role of an outer tertiary on formation channels
Authors: Preece Holly P , Hamers Adrian S , Battich Tiara , Rajamuthukumar Abinaya Swaruba 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present evolutionary pathways for creating hot subdwarf OB (sdOB) stars from hierarchical triple configurations. We use the population synthesis code Multiple Stellar Evolution to follow the stellar, binary, and gravitational dynamical evolution of triple-star systems. To ascertain the effect of the outer tertiary, we also consider the evolution of the inner binary with the tertiary component removed. We find we are able to create sdOB stars in single, binary, and triple configurations. We also demonstrate that it is possible to form sdOBs in systems that undergo triple common envelope evolution, when the tertiary star undergoes unstable mass transfer on to the inner binary. We are unable to create single or wide sdOB systems without involving a merger earlier in the evolution. The triples can produce sdOBs in binaries with wide, non-interacting companions through binary interactions, which is impossible in isolated binaries. Owing to the closeness of the inner binary in hierarchical triples the formation channels associated with stable mass transfer are suppressed when compared to the isolated binary case.
Classification of 3 accreting binaries with VLT/X-Shooter spectra
Authors: Bouchet T , Chaty S , Fortin F , Tomsick J A 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Since its launch, the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) satellite has discovered hundreds of X-ray sources, many of which lack proper classification. This mission also led to the discovery of new categories of high mass X-ray binaries (HMXB). We use the spectra of the X-Shooter instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) to better understand the nature of 3 accreting binaries (IGR J10101−5654, IGR J11435−6109, and IGR J12489−6243) discovered by INTEGRAL. We mainly focused on the lines and continuum from the X-Shooter spectra. We used atlases to constrain the nature of the sources and also complemented the spectra with measurements taken by Spitzer and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) in infrared, and parallaxes from Gaia for the distances. We determined the nature of each binary system: a BeHMXB system with a companion star of spectral type B0.5 Ve with peculiar carbon emission for IGR J10101−5654 and IGR J11435−6109, and a CV system with an evolved K star (K0IV–K2IV) for IGR J12489−6243. We also estimated some geometrical parameters of the decretion disc and neutron star’s orbit in the case of IGR J11435−6109.
On some features of the solar proton event on 2021 October 28 – GLE73
Authors: Chertok I M 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
In addition to several recent articles devoted to the rare event of ground-level enhancement of the solar relativistic proton flux observed on 2021 October 28 – GLE73, we study the 10–100 MeV solar energetic particle (SEP) component of this event. Based on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite data for 26 GLEs recorded since 1986, we have formed a scatter plot displaying the ratio of the peak fluxes of the $\gt $10 MeV ($J_{10}$) and $\gt $100 MeV ($J_{100}$) protons and their energy spectra. Two extreme characteristics of the prompt component of the SEP–GLE73 event were revealed: (1) very small $J_{10}$ and $J_{100}$ proton fluxes and (2) a very hard energetic spectrum in the 10–100 MeV range. There are only two events with these characteristics similar to SEP–GLE73, namely GLE40 (1989 July 25) and GLE46 (1989 November 15). A correspondence was demonstrated between the hard frequency spectrum of microwave radio bursts of initiating flares and the hard SEP energy spectrum of these two and other GLEs. These results suggest that the flare magnetic reconnection both in the impulsive and post-eruption phases plays an important role in the acceleration of the SEP–GLE protons.
Probable dormant neutron star in a short-period binary system
Authors: Mazeh Tsevi , Faigler Simchon , Bashi Dolev , Shahaf Sahar , Davidson Niv , Green Matthew , Gomel Roy , Maoz Dan , Sussholz Amitay , Dong Subo , Zhang Haotong , Liu Jifeng , Wang Song , Luo Ali , Zheng Zheng , Hallakoun Na’ama , Perdelwitz Volker , Latham David W , Ribas Ignasi , Baroch David , Morales Juan Carlos , Nagel Evangelos , Santos Nuno C , Ciardi David R , Christiansen Jessie L , Lund Michael B , Winn Joshua N 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We have identified 2XMM J125556.57+565846.4, at a distance of 600 pc, as a binary system consisting of a normal star and a probable dormant neutron star. Optical spectra exhibit a slightly evolved F-type single star, displaying periodic Doppler shifts with a 2.76-d Keplerian circular orbit, with no indication of light from a secondary component. Optical and UV photometry reveal ellipsoidal modulation with half the orbital period, due to the tidal deformation of the F-star. The mass of the unseen companion is constrained to the range of 1.1–$2.1\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ at 3σ confidence, with the median of the mass distribution at $1.4\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, the typical mass of known neutron stars. A main-sequence star cannot masquerade as the dark companion. The distribution of possible companion masses still allows for the possibility of a very massive white dwarf. The companion itself could also be a close pair consisting of a white dwarf and an M star, or two white dwarfs, although the binary evolution that would lead to such a close triple system is unlikely. Similar ambiguities regarding the certain identification of a dormant neutron star are bound to affect most future discoveries of this type of non-interacting system. If the system indeed contains a dormant neutron star, it will become, in the future, a bright X-ray source and afterwards might even host a millisecond pulsar.
Can Gaia find planets around white dwarfs?
Authors: Sanderson Hannah , Bonsor Amy , Mustill Alexander 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The Gaia spacecraft presents an unprecedented opportunity to reveal the population of long period (a &gt; 1 au) exoplanets orbiting stars across the H–R diagram, including white dwarfs. White dwarf planetary systems have played an important role in the study of planetary compositions, from their unique ability to provide bulk elemental abundances of planetary material in their atmospheres. Yet, very little is known about the population of planets around white dwarfs. This paper predicts the population of planets that Gaia will detect around white dwarfs, evolved from known planets orbiting main-sequence stars. We predict that Gaia will detect 8 ± 2 planets around white dwarfs: $8\pm \, 3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ will lie inside 3 au and $40\pm 10\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ will be less massive than Jupiter. As surviving planets likely become dynamically detached from their outer systems, those white dwarfs with Gaia detected planets may not have planetary material in their atmospheres. Comparison between the predicted planet population and that found by Gaia will reveal the importance of dynamical instabilities and scattering of planets after the main-sequence, as well as whether photoevaporation removes the envelopes of gas giants during their giant branch evolution.
The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: the EGS deep field – III. The evolution of faint submillimetre galaxies atz&lt; 4
Authors: Cardona-Torres L , Aretxaga I , Montaña A , Zavala J A , Faber S M 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWe present a demographic analysis of the physical and morphological properties of $450/850~\mu \rm m$-selected galaxies from the deep observations of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey in the Extended Groth Strip that are detected below the classical submillimetre-galaxy regime ($S_{850\, \mu \rm m}\lesssim 6~\rm mJy$ beam−1) and compare them with a sample of optically selected star-forming galaxies detected in the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey in the same field. We derive the evolution of the main sequence of star-forming galaxies, finding a steeper specific star formation rate versus stellar mass at z &gt; 2.5 than previous studies. Most faint submillimetre-galaxies fall within 3σ of the main sequence, but 40 per cent are classified as starbursts. Faint submillimetre galaxies have 50 per cent larger sizes at 2 &lt; z &lt; 3 than optically selected star-forming galaxies of the same mass range. This is also the redshift bin where we find the largest fraction of starbursts, and hence we could be witnessing merging processes, as confirmed by the preference for visual-morphology classifications of these systems as irregular disc galaxies and mergers. Both populations show an increment towards lower redshifts (z &lt; 2) of their concentration in H-band morphology, but faint submillimetre galaxies on average show larger concentration values at later times. These findings support the claim that faint submillimetre galaxies are mostly a population of massive dust-obscured disc-like galaxies that develop larger bulge components at later epochs. While the similarities are great, the median sizes, starburst numbers, and H-band concentration of faint submillimetre galaxies differ from those of optically selected star-forming galaxies of the same stellar mass.
Self-similarity relations for torsional oscillations of neutron stars
Authors: Yakovlev D G 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Self-similarity relations for torsional oscillation frequencies of neutron star crust are discussed. For any neutron star model, the frequencies of fundamental torsional oscillations (with no nodes of radial wavefunction, i.e. at n = 0, and at all possible angular wave numbers ℓ ≥ 2) is determined by a single constant. Frequencies of ordinary torsional oscillations (at any n &gt; 0 with ℓ ≥ 2) are determined by two constants. These constants are easily calculated through radial integrals over the neutron star crust, giving the simplest method to determine full oscillation spectrum. All constants for a star of fixed mass can be accurately interpolated for stars of various masses (but the same equation of state). In addition, the torsional oscillations can be accurately studied in the flat space–time approximation within the crust. The results can be useful for investigating magneto-elastic oscillations of magnetars which are thought to be observed as quasi-periodic oscillations after flares of soft-gamma repeaters.
The far-ultraviolet continuum slope as a Lyman Continuum escape estimator at high redshift
Authors: Chisholm J , Saldana-Lopez A , Flury S , Schaerer D , Jaskot A , Amorín R , Atek H , Finkelstein S L , Fleming B , Ferguson H , Fernández V , Giavalisco M , Hayes M , Heckman T , Henry A , Ji Z , Marques-Chaves R , Mauerhofer V , McCandliss S , Oey M S , Östlin G , Rutkowski M , Scarlata C , Thuan T , Trebitsch M , Wang B , Worseck G , Xu X 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Most of the hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) was rapidly ionized at high redshifts. While observations have established that reionization occurred, observational constraints on the high-redshift ionizing emissivity remain elusive. Here, we present a new analysis of the Low-redshift Lyman Continuum Survey (LzLCS) and literature observations, a combined sample of 89 star-forming galaxies at redshifts near 0.3 with Hubble Space Telescope observations of their ionizing continua (or Lyman Continuum, LyC). We find a strong (6σ significant) inverse correlation between the continuum slope at 1550 Å (defined as F$_\lambda \propto \lambda ^{\beta ^{1550}_{\rm obs}}$) and both the LyC escape fraction (fesc, LyC) and fesc, LyC times the ionizing photon production efficiency (ξion). On average, galaxies with redder continuum slopes have smaller fesc, LyC than galaxies with bluer slopes mainly due to higher dust attenuation. More than 5 per cent (20 per cent) of the LyC emission escapes galaxies with $\beta _{\rm obs}^{1550}$ &lt;−2.1 (−2.6). We find strong correlations between $\beta _{\rm obs}^{1550}$ and the [O iii]/[O ii] flux ratio (at 7.5σ significance), galaxy stellar mass (at 5.9σ), the gas-phase metallicity (at 4.6σ), and the observed far-ultraviolet absolute magnitude (at 3.4σ). Using previous observations of $\beta _{\rm obs}^{1550}$ at high redshift, we estimate the evolution of fesc, LyC with both redshift and galaxy magnitude. The LzLCS observations suggest that fainter and lower mass galaxies dominate the ionizing photon budget at higher redshift, possibly due to their rapidly evolving metal and dust content. Finally, we use our correlation between $\beta _{\rm obs}^{1550}$ and fesc, LyC × ξion to predict the ionizing emissivity of galaxies during the epoch of reionization. Our estimated emissivities match IGM observations, and suggest that star-forming galaxies emit sufficient LyC photons into the IGM to exceed recombinations near redshifts of 7–8.
General Theory of Specific Binding: Insights from a Genetic-Mechano-Chemical Protein Model
Authors: McBride John M , Eckmann Jean-Pierre , Tlusty Tsvi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProteins need to selectively interact with specific targets among a multitude of similar molecules in the cell. However, despite a firm physical understanding of binding interactions, we lack a general theory of how proteins evolve high specificity. Here, we present such a model that combines chemistry, mechanics, and genetics and explains how their interplay governs the evolution of specific protein–ligand interactions. The model shows that there are many routes to achieving molecular discrimination—by varying degrees of flexibility and shape/chemistry complementarity—but the key ingredient is precision. Harder discrimination tasks require more collective and precise coaction of structure, forces, and movements. Proteins can achieve this through correlated mutations extending far from a binding site, which fine-tune the localized interaction with the ligand. Thus, the solution of more complicated tasks is enabled by increasing the protein size, and proteins become more evolvable and robust when they are larger than the bare minimum required for discrimination. The model makes testable, specific predictions about the role of flexibility and shape mismatch in discrimination, and how evolution can independently tune affinity and specificity. Thus, the proposed theory of specific binding addresses the natural question of “why are proteins so big?”. A possible answer is that molecular discrimination is often a hard task best performed by adding more layers to the protein.