bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling conditions for integrating government institutions for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the SADC region and beyond
Authors: Nemakonde Livhuwani D. , Van Niekerk Dewald 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate change, through extreme weather events, is increasing the risk and impacts of disasters. An increase in extreme weather events underscores the importance of bringing coherence in efforts to reduce the risk of disasters and to adapt to the impacts of the changing climate. The linkages between disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) and the need to integrate the two policy areas are well documented in the literature. However, the implementation of DRR and CCA measures continues in isolation. This article seeks to contribute to the ongoing efforts to bring coherence between DRR and CCA by identifying factors that would make it easy to integrate the two policy areas. An exploratory‐sequential mixed methods design was used to collect data from 41 participants from 10 of the 16 SADC Member States and two international cooperating partners. Participants identified political will and commitment, policy and legislative frameworks, provision of resources and capacities, addressing institutional barriers, and an improvement in communication and coordination as the main factors that could enhance the integration of government organizations for DRR and CCA. This paper submits that successful integration of institutions responsible for DRR and CCA, particularly government institutions, can be achieved when these factors are addressed.
Public awareness and perceptions of drought: A case study of two cities of Alabama
Authors: Shao Wanyun , Kam Jonghun , Cass Evan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrought poses serious risks to society. There is, however, a lack of timely public awareness and sufficient public risk perceptions of this hazard due to its gradual onset. Timely and adequate public response is conducive to effective mitigation. It is imperative to understand how the public responds to drought. Using data from multiple sources, situated in two cities (Mobile and Huntsville) of Alabama, our study represents a comprehensive effort to understand public awareness and perceptions of drought. We have made several important findings. First, both physical and social contexts can influence public awareness of drought. Mobile is prone to a variety of coastal hazards and displays high social vulnerability. Residents in this city are thus more sensitive to environmental shocks, especially less frequent ones such as drought. Second, public awareness of drought is not constrained within the immediate drought impact area. Governmental declaration or regulation can bring the issue of drought from one area to the attention of the other area within one state. Third, public perceptions of drought numbers are negatively correlated with perceptions of precipitation but positively associated with perceptions of extreme heat. This finding reflects that the public perception of drought is in line with scientific understanding of drought. Drought is by definition persistent deficit of precipitation. Flash droughts can be triggered by heat waves which are more likely to occur during a drought. We end this study with recommendations for future studies.
Pt Atom on the Wall of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)‐Made MoS2 Nanotubes for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jiao Songlong , Kong Mengshu , Hu Zhenpeng , Zhou Shiming , Xu Xiaoxuan , Liu Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) can achieve excellent catalytic efficiency at ultralow catalyst consumptions. Herein, platinum (Pt) atoms are fixed on the wall of atomic layer deposition (ALD)‐made molybdenum disulfide nanotube arrays (MoS2‐NTA) for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). More concretely, MoS2‐NTA with different nanotube diameters and wall thicknesses are fabricated by a sacrificial strategy of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template via ALD; then Pt atoms are fixed on the wall of Ti3C2‐supported MoS2‐NTA as a catalytic system. The MoS2‐NTA/Ti3C2 decorated with 0.13 wt.% of Pt results in a low overpotential of 32 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm–2, which is superior to 20 wt.% commercial Pt/C (41 mV). Ordered MoS2‐NTA instead of 2D MoS2 prevents Pt atoms from aggregating and then exerts catalytic activities. The density functional theory calculations suggest that the Pt atoms are more likely to occupy the sites on the tubular MoS2 than the planar MoS2, and the Pt atoms accumulated at the Mo site of MoS2‐NT have a moderate Gibbs free energy (close to zero).
The Effect of the 3D Nanoarchitecture and Ni‐Promotion on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in MoS2/Reduced GO Aerogel Hybrid Microspheres Produced by a Simple One‐Pot Electrospraying Procedure
Authors: Ran Jiajia , Girardi Leonardo , Dražić Goran , Wang Zhanhua , Agnoli Stefano , Xia Hesheng , Granozzi Gaetano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe transition toward renewable energy sources requires low‐cost, efficient, and durable electrocatalysts for green H2 production. Herein, an easy and highly scalable method to prepare MoS2 nanoparticles embedded in 3D partially reduced (pr) graphene oxide (GO) aerogel microspheres (MoS2/prGOAMs) with controlled morphology and composition is described. Given their peculiar center‐diverging mesoporous structure, which allows easy access to the active sites and optimal mass transport, and their efficient electron transfer facilitated by the intimate contact between the MoS2 and the 3D connected highly conductive pr‐GO sheets, these materials exhibit a remarkable electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ni atoms, either as single Ni atoms or NiO aggregates are then introduced in the MoS2/prGOAMs hybrids, to facilitate water dissociation, which is the slowest step in alkaline HER, producing a bifunctional catalyst. After optimization, Ni‐promoted MoS2/prGOAMs obtained at 500 °C reach a remarkable η10 (overpotential at 10 mA cm−2) of 160 mV in 1 m KOH and 174 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4. Moreover, after chronopotentiometry tests (15 h) at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the η10 value improves to 147 mV in alkaline conditions, indicating an exceptional stability.
A General Multi‐Interface Strategy toward Densified Carbon Materials with Enhanced Comprehensive Electrochemical Performance for Li/Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Man , Meng Chenyang , Li Ang , Cao Bin , Dong Yue , Wang Dengke , Liu Xuewei , Chen Xiaohong , Song Huaihe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFast charging rate and large energy storage are key requirements for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles. Developing electrode materials with high volumetric and gravimetric capacity that could be operated at a high rate is the most challenging problem. In this work, a general multi‐interface strategy toward densified carbon materials with enhanced comprehensive electrochemical performance for Li/Na‐ion batteries is proposed. The mixture of graphene oxide and sucrose solution is sprayed into a water/oil system and furtherly carbonized to get graphene/hard carbon spheres (GHSs). In this material, abundant ingenious internal interfaces between the crystalline graphene and the carbon matrix are created inside the hard carbon spheres. The constructed interfaces can not only work as a pathway for the escape of volatile gas generated during sucrose pyrolysis to prevent the formation of abundant pores, which leads high packing density of 0.910 g cm–3 and low surface area of 13.3 m2 g–1, but can also provide a conductive “highway” for ions and electrons. When used as the anode material for both LIBs and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), the GHS shows the high gravimetric/volumetric reversible capacities, high‐rate performance, and low temperature properties simultaneously, implying the great potential application in practical LIBs and SIBs.
Trace Doping of Multiple Elements Enables Stable Cycling of High Areal Capacity LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode
Authors: Tian Te , Lu Lei‐Lei , Yin Yi‐Chen , Tan Yi‐Hong , Zhang Tian‐Wen , Li Feng , Yao Hong‐Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐voltage spinel cobalt‐free LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is one of the most promising cathode candidates for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high specific capacity, high operating voltage, and low cost. However, inferior electronic conductivity, transition metal dissolution, and fast capacity degradation of LNMO, especially in high mass loading for high areal capacity, are the critical material challenges for its practical application. Herein, trace multiple Cr‐Fe‐Cu elements doping of LiNi0.45Cr0.0167Fe0.0167Cu0.0167Mn1.5O4 (CFC0.5‐LNMO) cathode is achieved by a blow‐spinning strategy to exhibit very stable cycling at a practical level of areal capacity up to 3 mAh cm–2. It is demonstrated that the Cu, Fe, and Cr doping into the LNMO lattice can suspend the Mn dissolution and improve the Li ion diffusivity and electronic conductivity of the LNMO host. As a result, the obtained CFC0.5‐LNMO cathode exhibits an excellent rate performance (1.75 mAh cm–2 at 1C) and long cycling stability under an areal capacity of 3 mAh cm–2 (78% capacity retention over 300 cycles at 0.5C).
Supraparticles with a Mechanically Triggerable Color‐Change‐Effect to Equip Coatings with the Ability to Report Damage
Authors: Wenderoth Sarah , Eigen Andreas , Wintzheimer Susanne , Prieschl Johannes , Hirsch Andreas , Halik Marcus , Mandel Karl 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSmall scratches and abrasion cause damage to packaging coatings. Albeit often invisible to the human eye, such small defects in the coating may ultimately have a strong negative impact on the whole system. For instance, gases may penetrate the coating and consequently the package barrier, thus leading to the degradation of sensitive goods. Herein, the indicators of mechanical damage in the form of particles are reported, which can readily be integrated into coatings. Shear stress‐induced damage is indicated by the particles via a color change. The particles are designed as core‐shell supraparticles. The supraparticle core is based on rhodamine B dye‐doped silica nanoparticles, whereas the shell is made of alumina nanoparticles. The alumina surface is functionalized with a monolayer of a perylene dye. The resulting core‐shell supraparticle system thus contains two colors, one in the core and one in the shell part of the architecture. Mechanical damage of this structure exposes the core from the shell, resulting in a color change. With particles integrated into a coating lacquer, mechanical damage of a coating can be monitored via a color change and even be related to the degree of oxygen penetration in a damaged coating.
Decavanadate Doped Polyaniline for Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Yue , Song Yu , Mu Xinjian , Yang Duo , Qin Zengming , Guo Di , Sun Xiaoqi , Liu Xiao‐Xia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is a promising cathode material for aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs), mainly benefitting from its good electrical conductivity. The high conductivity of PANI requires high doping level, yet the introduced nonactive dopants (e.g., SO42−) limit the gravimetric capacity of PANI (usually < 180 mAh g−1). Herein, an electro‐active dopant (decavanadate anion, V10O286−) is employed to fabricate the PANI cathode (PANI‐V10O28) for ARZBs. The doped decavanadate anion with the sub‐nanometer structure can fully expose the V‐based active sites, exhibiting good electrochemical activity. Due to the steric hindrance effect as well as the strong interaction between decavanadate anions and PANI chains, the active dopants are trapped in the polymer chains, demonstrating good structural and electrochemical stability. PANI‐V10O28 achieves a record‐high gravimetric capacity of 355 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, which is significantly higher than other reported PANI cathodes. Experimental results suggest that the charge storage mechanism of PANI‐V10O28 includes reversible injection/extraction of Zn(H2O)2Cl42− ions in PANI, as well as the protonation/deprotonation of V10O286−. This work enriches the doping chemistry of conducting polymer and pushes the development of organic cathodes for ARZBs to a new stage.
Synergistic Effect of Halogen Ions and Shelling Temperature on Anion Exchange Induced Interfacial Restructuring for Highly Efficient Blue Emissive InP/ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Cui Zhongjie , Mei Shiliang , Wen Zhuoqi , Yang Dan , Qin Shuaitao , Xiong Zhiyong , Yang Bobo , He Haiyang , Bao Rui , Qiu Yi , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhang Wanlu , Xie Fengxian , Xing Guichuan , Guo Ruiqian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInP quantum dots (QDs) have attracted much attention owing to their nontoxic properties and shown great potential in optoelectronic applications. Due to the surface defects and lattice mismatch, the interfacial structure of InP/ZnS QDs plays a significant role in their performance. Herein, the formation of In–S and Sx–In–P1−x interlayers through anion exchange at the shell‐growth stage is revealed. More importantly, it is proposed that the composition of interface is dependent on the synergistic effect of halogen ions and shelling temperature. High shelling temperature contributes to the optical performance improvement resulting from the formation of interlayers, besides the thicker ZnS shell. Moreover, the effect relates to the halogen ions where I− presents more obvious enhancement than Br− and Cl−, owing to their different ability to coordinate with In dangling bonds, which are inclined to form In–S and Sx–In–P1−x bonds. Further, the anion exchange under I−‐rich environment causes a blue‐shift of emission wavelength with shelling temperature increasing, unobserved in a Cl−‐ or Br−‐rich environment. It contributes to the preparation of highly efficient blue emissive InP/ZnS QDs with emission wavelength of 473 nm, photoluminescence quantum yield of ≈50% and full width at half maximum of 47 nm.
Host‐Fueled Transient Supramolecular Hydrogels
Authors: Lu Haoyue , Hao Jingcheng , Wang Xu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInspired by the dissipative assembly in biological systems, transient hydrogels based on supramolecular interactions have been developed that are under thermodynamic nonequilibrium states. Host–guest interactions possess excellent properties including high selectivity and adjustable association constants, which are beneficial for controlling the properties and behaviors of transient colloidal materials. In this work, a host‐fueled transient supramolecular hydrogel system is reported. The hydrogels based on host–guest interactions are formed by addition of a chemical fuel, α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD), to the aqueous solutions containing Pluronic F127 and α‐amylase. Meanwhile, as the host molecule of α‐CD consumes, the hydrogel networks start to collapse. The lifetime of the transient supramolecular hydrogels can be precisely controlled by adjusting the temperature and hydrogel composition, and repeated sol‐to‐gel‐to‐sol transitions can be realized by refueling the system with α‐CD. This study provides a new approach to regulate the nonequilibrium host–guest inclusion system by fueling it with host molecules.
Recent Trends and Future Perspectives of Emergent Analytical Techniques for Mercury Sensing in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Ali Shahid , Mansha Muhammad , Baig Nadeem , Khan Safyan Akram 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnvironmental emissions of mercury from industrial waste and natural sources, even in trace amounts, are toxic to organisms and ecosystems. However, industrial‐scale mercury detection is limited by the high cost, low sensitivity/specificity, and poor selectivity of the available analytical tools. This review summarizes the key sensors for mercury detection in aqueous environments: colorimetric‐, electrochemical‐, fluorescence‐, and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy‐based sensors reported between 2014–2021. It then compares the performances of these sensors in the determination of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) and methyl mercury (CH3Hg+) species in aqueous samples. Mercury sensors for aquatic applications still face serious challenges in terms of difficult deployment in remote areas and low robustness, reliability, and selectivity in harsh environments. We provide future perspectives on the selective detection of organomercury species, which are especially toxic and reactive in aquatic environments. This review is intended as a valuable resource for scientists in the field of mercury sensing.
Fluorinated Nucleosides: Synthesis, Modulation in Conformation and Therapeutic Application
Authors: Pal Shantanu , Chandra Girish , Patel Samridhi , Singh Sakshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last twenty years, fluorination on nucleoside has established itself as the most promising tool to use to get biologically active compounds that could sustain the clinical trial by affecting the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties. Due to fluorine's inherent unique properties and its judicious introduction into the molecule, makes the corresponding nucleoside metabolically very stable, lipophilic, and opens a new site of intermolecular binding. Fluorination on various nucleosides has been extensively studied as a result, a series of fluorinated nucleosides come up for different therapeutic uses which are either approved by the FDA or under the advanced stage of the clinical trial. Here in this review, we are summarizing the latest development in the chemistry of fluorination on nucleoside that led to varieties of new analogs like carbocyclic, acyclic, and conformationally biased nucleoside and their biological properties, the influence of fluorine on conformation, oligonucleotide stability, and their use in therapeutics.
Chemistry of the Bis(imine)‐Based Tetradentate Ligand Stabilized Group 14 E(II) Cations (E=Ge and Sn)
Authors: Biswas Swastik , Patel Niranjan , Deb Rahul , Majumdar Moumita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ambiphilic Ge(II) and Sn(II) cationic species have been reported to be isolated through kinetic or thermodynamic stabilizations. Nonetheless, steric congestion or excessive coordination of donor atoms to the cationic center concurrently disfavors its prompt reactivity. Our research in this field revolves around the utilization of structurally non‐rigid bis(imine) based tetradentate supporting ligands for the stabilization of Ge(II) and Sn(II) cationic species. Such E(II) cationic systems have been advantaged due to inherent flexibility present at the ligand backbone allowing disposal of E(II) orbitals through geometric rearrangements for further reactivity. The bifunctionality present in the ligand enables the first examples of Ge(II) bis‐monocations. Furthermore, the redox‐active nature of the ligand encourages participation in chemical transformations. In this personal account we have provided a detailed discussion of our published work in this direction in the last five years.
Elementary teachers' verbal supports of science and engineering practices in anNGSS‐alignedscience, engineering, and computational thinking unit
Authors: Lilly Sarah , McAlister Anne M. , Fick Sarah J. , Chiu Jennifer L. , McElhaney Kevin W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContemporary science education frameworks identify computational thinking as an essential science and engineering practice that supports scientific sense‐making and engineering design. Despite national emphasis on teaching science, engineering, and computational thinking (NGSS Lead States, 2013), little research has investigated the ways that elementary teachers support students to engage in science and engineering practices (SEPs) within integrated science, engineering, and computational thinking curricula. This study explores how teachers provide verbal support of SEPs to upper elementary students during a 4‐week NGSS‐aligned curricular unit that challenged students to redesign their school to reduce water runoff. Students conducted hands‐on investigations of water runoff and created computational models to test their designs. Teacher audio data during the classroom implementation was collected and qualitatively coded for different purposes of verbal support, such as to understand how (pragmatic), when, and why (epistemic) to use SEPs, in three focal lessons. Results show that teachers provided a range of pragmatic and epistemic supports for many different SEPs in science‐focused and engineering‐focused lessons, but support for a more limited variety of SEPs in the lesson focused on computational thinking. Across the lessons, the majority of teacher support aimed to help students engage pragmatically with the SEPs through sense making and engaging prior knowledge. In addition, teachers provided epistemic support more frequently in the science‐focused lesson than in the engineering‐ or computational thinking‐focused lessons. Results also demonstrate differences within the quality of the verbal support across lessons. This study provides insight into how teachers may differentially support SEPs in elementary classrooms and the kinds of learning experiences and educative materials teachers may need to provide equitable supports for students across SEPs.
Peripheral nerve block of the dorsal cranium in two dogs undergoing craniotomy
Authors: Schaldemose Maja , Lehnus Kristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo adult medium‐sized dogs presented with generalised tonic‐clonic seizures associated with meningiomas, one affecting the right parietal lobe and the other both frontal and olfactory lobes. Both underwent craniotomy and received multimodal anaesthetic protocols, including a peripheral nerve scalp block (frontal, zygomaticotemporal and major occipital nerves) based on a previous cadaveric study. For one dog, an intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging was performed; the bupivacaine block wore off after 280 minutes and was repeated with good effect before surgery resumed. The second dog had dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine at the outset. The block lasted, as judged by pain assessment, at least 6 hours. We found that regional anaesthesia of the scalp was manageable to perform in a timely manner, showed good perioperative clinical effect and was likely prolonged by the addition of dexmedetomidine.
Gender and Migration: An Introduction
Authors: Christou Anastasia , Kofman Eleonore 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhy has it been important to incorporate gender relations into our understanding of migration processes and to engender migration research? The need to do so does not only stem from the fact that women globally make up just under half of international migrants. Gender is one of the key forms of differentiation within societies which interacts with other social divisions such as age, class, ethnicity, nationality, race, disability and sexual orientation. The drivers of migration impact on women and men differently. Women and men circulate distinctively, whether it be between rural and urban areas, intra-regionally or globally. Labour markets are often highly segregated and the possibility of women and men crossing borders may also be restricted or opened up through gendered discourses, practices, and regulations governing the right to move and under what conditions. Migration may in turn change gender relations within households and in the community and impact on gendered and sexual identities.
Gendering Asylum
Authors: Christou Anastasia , Kofman Eleonore 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBy the end of 2019, 79.5 million people of concern (refugees and internally displaced) around the world had been forced from their home countries. It represents over three times the number of people of concern compared to the figure at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The major development since the peak in asylum applications in 2015 in Europe has been the large-scale emigration of Venezuelans, who as of 2019 are now among the top three nationalities in Europe, especially in Spain. On the other hand, Covid-19 has led to a significant reduction in applicants in 2020, especially among Colombians and Venezuelans arriving by air (EASO, 2021).