bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the beauty of occlusion: medical masks increase facial attractiveness more than other face coverings
Authors: Hies Oliver , Lewis Michael B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sanitary-mask effect (Miyazaki and Kawahara in Jpn Psychol Res 58(3):261–272, 2016) is the finding that medical face masks prompt an image of disease and thus result in lower ratings of facial attractiveness of the wearer. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, medical masks have been found to increase attractiveness (Patel et al. in Plast Reconstruct Surg Glob Open 8(8), 2020) although this could have been a general effect of occlusion. To further explore this issue, female participants were presented with a series of male faces of low or high attractiveness that were occluded with a medical mask, cloth mask, book or not occluded and asked to rate them on attractiveness. The results show that faces were considered as most attractive when covered by medical masks and significantly more attractive when occluded with cloth masks than when not occluded. Contrary to expectation, base attractiveness did not interact with the type of occlusion, suggesting that this is not simply due to occlusion of negative features. The present findings are contrary to the sanitary-mask effect and explanations in terms of social desirability, and the association of medical masks with caregiving professions is explored.
Face mask use in healthcare settings: effects on communication, cognition, listening effort and strategies for amelioration
Authors: Lee Emily , Cormier Kayla , Sharma Anu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aim
To investigate mask use and the difficulties it may pose during communication in healthcare settings.

Methods
A survey utilizing a series of Likert scales was administered. Mask use challenges between clinicians and their patients were examined in the domains of communication, listening effort, cognition, and rehabilitation.

Results
Across 243 participants, mask use significantly increased listening effort, with hearing loss having an additive effect on listening effort. Listening effort was also significantly associated with more trouble understanding conversation, decreased interest in conversation, more difficulty connecting with patients, changes in cognition for both providers and patients, and changes in the clinical efficiency of providers. Hearing loss had an additive effect for trouble understanding conversations and changes in clinical efficiency.

Conclusion
These results provide information about the clinical strain introduced from mask use in healthcare settings. Overall, results show that in healthcare settings there is increased cognitive load and listening effort for both patients and providers, as well as changes in clinical efficiency for providers when utilizing masks. These effects are often greater with hearing loss. Results showed that patients reported written and visual instructions would be most beneficial to include in appointments among the other rehabilitative strategies which are discussed.
Case series of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in confirmed COVID-19 patients: single-centre experience
Authors: Alwahdy Ahmad Sulaiman , Margaretha Ika Yulieta , Pramesti Kenyo Sembodro , Hamro Nailaufar , Yuzella Viska , Nasution Fitriani , Mappalilu Arfan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only caused a large surge of respiratory infections, it also had a potential association with and increases the risk of stroke. The pandemic has certainly provided new challenges and opportunities in the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, data regarding outcomes of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV TPA) administration in stroke patients with COVID-19 remains limited.

Case presentation
Three AIS patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated using IV tPA. One case had excellent outcome, while the other cases showed unfavorable results. The risk–benefit ratio of IV TPA in COVID-19 remains unclear.

Conclusion
In this article, we discuss the possible explanation behind these different outcomes. Although IV tPA could not cure COVID-19, we suggest that its administration should not be delayed in AIS patients with COVID-19.
Is lumbar erector spinae plane block (L-ESPB) a lumbar plexus block?: a case report of three cases
Authors: Jadon Ashok , Sahoo Rajendra Kumar , Sharma Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Lumbar erector spinae plane block (L-ESPB) is being used in fractured hip patients for the postoperative pain relief and as a sole anesthetic technique. Various clinical and cadaveric studies have differences of opinion about its mechanism of action and pathways of local anesthetic spread; however, the role of lumbar plexus (LP) in the mechanism of action is still not considered. In our clinical experience, we observed that the action on LP could be a pathway for the analgesic action of local anesthetic along with paravertebral spread.

Case presentation
We report here three cases of the fractured hip who were given L-ESPB for postoperative pain management. The radiological examination was done after injection of non-ionic contrast to know the spread of local anesthetic. In two cases, the contrast spread was seen towards LP and in one case spread of contrast was observed towards the paravertebral area.

Conclusions
Effect of local anesthetic on the lumbar plexus is one of the plausible pathways in L-ESPB for its analgesic mechanism of action.
Case report: Medical cannabis—warfarin drug-drug interaction
Authors: Thomas Tyan F. , Metaxas Evdokia S. , Nguyen Thu , Bennett Whitni , Skiendzielewski Kathryn V. , Quinn Diane H. , Scaletta Alice L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aim
A case of an 85-year-old patient with concurrent use of warfarin and medical cannabis containing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) is described. Warfarin continues to be a cornerstone of anticoagulation treatment despite the recent addition of FDA-approved anticoagulant agents. It is well known that warfarin has numerous drug interactions; however, much remains unknown about its interaction with THC and CBD. A literature review was conducted to identify documented cases of possible interactions between cannabis and warfarin. The case reports we identified noted that cannabis may potentially increase warfarin’s effect. Therefore, we aimed to determine why an effect was not seen on our patient’s warfarin dose despite daily use of medical cannabis.

Case
This case report describes an 85-year-old patient who despite starting an oromucosal medical cannabis regimen of THC and CBD (which provided 0.3 mg of THC and 5.3 mg CBD once daily and an additional 0.625 mg of THC and 0.625 mg CBD once daily as needed) had minimal INR fluctuations from October 2018 to September 2019.

Conclusion
Despite the introduction and use of medical cannabis therapy, with both THC and CBD components, an elderly patient with concurrent warfarin use did not see major INR fluctuations, in contrast to published literature. The potential for warfarin and THC/CBD interactions may be dependent on route of administration and dose of the cannabis product.
Consistent changes in the intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon fed insect meal diets
Authors: Li Yanxian , Gajardo Karina , Jaramillo-Torres Alexander , Kortner Trond M. , Krogdahl Åshild 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBeing part of fish's natural diets, insects have become a practical alternative feed ingredient for aquaculture. While nutritional values of insects have been extensively studied in various fish species, their impact on the fish microbiota remains to be fully explored. In an 8-week freshwater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed either a commercially relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet wherein black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal comprised 60% of total ingredients. Microbiota of digesta and mucosa origin from the proximal and distal intestine were collected and profiled along with feed and water samples.ResultsThe insect meal diet markedly modulated the salmon intestinal microbiota. Salmon fed the insect meal diet showed similar or lower alpha-diversity indices in the digesta but higher alpha-diversity indices in the mucosa. A group of bacterial genera, dominated by members of theBacillaceaefamily, was enriched in salmon fed the insect meal diet, which confirms our previous findings in a seawater feeding trial. We also found that microbiota in the intestine closely resembled that of the feeds but was distinct from the water microbiota. Notably, bacterial genera associated with the diet effects were also present in the feeds.ConclusionsWe conclude that salmon fed the insect meal diets show consistent changes in the intestinal microbiota. The next challenge is to evaluate the extent to which these alterations are attributable to feed microbiota and dietary nutrients, and what these changes mean for fish physiology and health.
Sleep pattern in a group of patients undergoing hemodialysis compared to control
Authors: Hashem Reem El Sayed , Abdo Tarek Asaad , Sarhan Iman Ibrahim , Mansour Amr Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease progress regularly every year to end-stage renal disease and have to undergo dialysis. Sleep disturbances have been reported to be frequent among patients receiving dialysis and contributing to the increase of their mortality and morbidity. The present research aimed to study the sleep pattern in hemodialysis patients and the risk factors associated. This cross-sectional case-control study included 40 subjects divided into 2 groups: 20 cases recruited from Ain Shams University Hospital’s dialysis unit and 20 in the control group with normal Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score matched for age and sex. Both groups were subjected to overnight polysomnography, and the cases group was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to determine their sleep quality.

Results
Nearly all polysomnographic parameters were significantly abnormal in the cases group except for sleep onset latency (P > 0.05), showing obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movement (P value 0.001). Based on their Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, 30% were classified as good sleepers and 70% as bad sleepers. On comparing both groups, a significant difference was found. Poor sleepers had more worse sleep efficiency (62.9%), spent longer time during their sleep in stage 1 (26.6%) with shorter REM onset latency (113.5 ± 99.5), and had a longer duration of illness with lower serum creatinine level compared to good sleepers.

Conclusions
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movement in hemodialysis patients is high; patients with longer time on dialysis are at more risk of sleep disorders, whereas hemoglobin levels, BUN, and other demographic factors do not seem to play a role in sleep disorder. Hence, patients on hemodialysis need to be screened for sleep disorders so as to improve their mortality and morbidity.
Bronchiolitis diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in children: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline adapted for the use in Egypt based on the ‘Adapted ADAPTE’ Methodology
Authors: Abdel Baky Ashraf , Fouda Eman Mahmoud , Hussein Shahenaz Mahmoud , Sobeih Ahmad Ata , Abd Al Razek Ahmed Mohamad , Hassanain Amal Ibrahim , Galal Ashraf , Hamed Dina Houssam-Eldine , Elnady Hala Gouda , Hamdi Hala , Metwally Hoda M. Salah El Din , Hegazy Laila Abdel Ghaffar , Mohamed Magda Hassab Allah , Shaheen Malak , Saeed Maysaa Abdallah , Rashad Mohamed Mahmoud , Elattar Mona Mohsen , Refaat Nehal , Sakr Noha Mohamed Abdelsalam , Amer Osama Taha , Mansour Sameh Abdelaziz Ahmed , Tawfik Sameh , Hebish Sarah Naeem Bartella , Reda Sherif , Omar Tarek , Kamel Nevin Abdullah , Amer Yasser Sami 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The presented evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) is proposed as a National CPG using an evidence-based and formal CPG adaptation methodology. The purpose of this study was to adapt the international CPGs’ recommendations for children with bronchiolitis to suit the healthcare system in the Egyptian context. This CPG, ‘diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Bronchiolitis’, applies to children from 1 through 23 months of age. Other exclusions are noted. The quality of evidence, benefit-harm relationship, and strength of recommendations are indicated. This study is part of a larger collaborative initiative with the faculty staff of pediatric departments of 15 Egyptian universities and a national research center to formulate a national Committee (EPG) that aims to define the topics of, assign authors to, and assist in the adaptation of pediatric evidence-based CPGs according to a national strategic plan. The committee is guided by a formal CPG adaptation methodology: the ‘Adapted ADAPTE’.

Results
The Bronchiolitis Guideline Adaptation Group (BGAG) reviewed the results of the AGREE II assessment and decided to adapt mainly the Australasian (PREDICT) CPG and for the questions not answered in PREDICT we adapted the relevant recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) CPG. Seven implementation tools were included: a care pathway for assessment of severity, a clinical algorithm for treatment of acute bronchiolitis in the emergency room, a separate flowchart for assessing babies with bronchiolitis, a power point slide presentation lecture for treatment of acute bronchiolitis, patient information in Arabic, a clinical score (Modified Tal Score) for prediction of bronchiolitis severity, and the criteria for admission and discharge in the hospital. A comprehensive set of multifaceted CPG implementation strategies was provided for the clinicians, patients, nurses, and other relevant stakeholders contextualized to the national settings

Conclusion
Our experience with this adaptation methodology provides useful insight into its utilization on a national level in Egypt. The BGAG recommended the next review of this adapted CPG to be after 3 years from its publication (i.e., 2022) after checking for updates in the original CPG.
Qualitative and quantitative strain and shear wave elastography paradigm in differentiation of breast lesions
Authors: Shehata Roaa M. A. , El-Sharkawy Mostafa A. M. , Mahmoud Omar M. , Kamel Hosam M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most common life-threatening cancer in women worldwide. A high number of women are going through biopsy procedures for characterization of breast masses every day and yet 75% of the pathological results prove these masses to be benign. Ultrasound (US) elastography is a non-invasive technique that measures tissue stiffness. It is convenient for differentiating benign from malignant breast tumors. Our study aims to evaluate the role of qualitative ultrasound elastography scoring (ES), quantitative mass strain ratio (SR), and shear wave elasticity ratio (SWER) in differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions.

Results
Among 51 female patients with 77 histopathologically proved breast lesions, 57 breast masses were malignant and 20 were benign. All patients were examined by B-mode ultrasound then strain and shear wave elastographic examinations using ultrasound machine (Logiq E9, GE Medical Systems) with 8.5–12 MHz high-frequency probes. Our study showed that ES best cut-off point > 3 with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPP, accuracy was 94.7%, 85%, 94.7%, 85%, 90.9%, respectively, and AUC = 0.926 at P < 0.001, mass SR the best cut-off point > 4.6 with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPP, accuracy was 96.5%, 80%, 93.2%, 88.9%, 92.2%, respectively, and AUC = 0.860 at P < 0.001, SWER the best cut-off value > 4.9 with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPP and accuracy was 91.2%, 80%, 92.9%, 76.2%, 93.5%, respectively, and AUC = 0.890 at P < 0.001. The mean mass strain ratio for malignant lesions is 10.1 ± 3.7 SD and for solid benign lesions 4.7 ± 4.3 SD (p value 0.001). The mean shear wave elasticity ratio for malignant lesions is 10.6 ± 5.4 SD and for benign (solid and cystic) lesions 3.6 ± 4.2 SD. Using ROC curve and Youden index, the difference in diagnostic performance between ES, SR and SWER was not significant in differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions and also was non-significant difference when comparing them with conventional US alone.

Conclusion
ES, SR, and SWER have a high diagnostic performance in differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions with no statistically significant difference between them.
Long-term scopolamine treatment altered locomotor, exploratory and anxiety-like behaviours of albino rats
Authors: Abdelghany Asmaa K. , El-Kashlan Akram M. , Emeash Hosny H. , Khalil Fatma 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnimal models are used to provide an adequate investigation of brain-behaviour, physiological and path physiological relationships to give insight into human behaviour and the underlying processes of drugs affecting the nervous system. Scopolamine; SCO (alkaloidl-(2)-scopolamine [l-(2)-hyoscine]) has a competitive inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine. Thus, this study was designated to investigate the effect of long-term SCO treatment on locomotor, exploratory and anxiety-like behaviours of rats using open field test.ResultsThe long-term SCO treatment induced a prominent increase in locomotion (hyperactivity) and exploratory behaviour of rats. In addition, anxiety-like behavioural patterns showed a non-significant difference in SCO treated compared to control. Serotonin level was significantly decreased in the scopolamine treated group in comparison with the control group.ConclusionsData suggested that long-term SCO treatment resulted in marked neurobehavioural alterations in a rat as an animal model.
Hyperbolic metamaterials: fusing artificial structures to natural 2D materials
Authors: Lee Dasol , So Sunae , Hu Guangwei , Kim Minkyung , Badloe Trevon , Cho Hanlyun , Kim Jaekyung , Kim Hongyoon , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Rho Junsuk 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOptical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light. Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation. They are able to support high-kmodes and exhibit a high density of states which produce distinctive properties that have been exploited in various applications, such as super-resolution imaging, negative refraction, and enhanced emission control. Here, state-of-the-art hyperbolic metamaterials are reviewed, starting from the fundamental principles to applications of artificially structured hyperbolic media to suggest ways to fuse natural two-dimensional hyperbolic materials. The review concludes by indicating the current challenges and our vision for future applications of hyperbolic metamaterials.
A high accuracy modeling scheme for dynamic systems: spacecraft reaction wheel model
Authors: Abd-Elhay Abd-Elsalam R. , Murtada Wael A. , Yosof Mohamed I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReaction wheels are crucial actuators in spacecraft attitude control subsystem (ACS). The precise modeling of reaction wheels is of fundamental need in spacecraft ACS for design, analysis, simulation, and fault diagnosis applications. The complex nature of the reaction wheel leads to modeling difficulties utilizing the conventional modeling schemes. Additionally, the absence of reaction wheel providers’ parameters is crucial for triggering a new modeling scheme. The Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) has an efficient architecture, alluring generalization properties, invulnerability against noise, and amazing training capabilities. This research proposes a promising modeling scheme for the spacecraft reaction wheel utilizing RBFNN and an improved variant of the Quantum Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO). The problem of enhancing the network parameters of the RBFNN at the training phase is formed as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Thus, it is proposed to efficiently resolve utilizing an enhanced version of QPSO with mutation strategy (EQPSO-2M). The proposed technique is compared with the conventional QPSO algorithm and different variants of PSO algorithms. Evaluation criteria rely upon convergence speed, mean best fitness value, stability, and the number of successful runs that has been utilized to assess the proposed approach. A non-parametric test is utilized to decide the critical contrast between the results of the proposed algorithm compared with different algorithms. The simulation results demonstrated that the training of the proposed RBFNN-based reaction wheel model with enhanced parameters by EQPSO-2M algorithm furnishes a superior prediction accuracy went with effective network architecture.
Experiences of patients advising on mental health research: qualitative study in South-East European countries
Authors: Repišti Selman , Majstorović Tihana , Ramadani Fjolla , Zebić Mirjana , Novotni Ljubisha , Jovanović Nikolina 
Published: January 2022

Background
Although patient and carer involvement in research is well-developed in many countries, this area has been largely overlooked in South-East European countries.

Aims
To explore experiences of patients participating in newly set up lived experience advisory panels (LEAPs) within a European Commission funded, large-scale, multi-country mental health research project that focused on improving treatment of individuals with psychosis.

Method
Twenty-one mental health patients were individually interviewed across five countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia. Topic guides covered the experience of participating in LEAPs and their sustainability. Data were analysed by framework analysis.

Results
Seven themes were identified about participating in LEAPs: predominantly positive evaluation, high levels of participant motivation, therapeutic benefits for participants, few challenges, various future perspectives, positive appraisal of the research project and mixed reflections on mental healthcare. Overall, patients’ experiences were positive and enabled them to feel empowered. Patients expressed interest in remaining involved in advisory panels. Additionally, they felt that they could potentially contribute to the work of non-government organisations.

Conclusions
This study is among the few studies exploring patient participation in research projects, and the first such study conducted in South-East European countries. Patients are highly motivated for this engagement, which has the potential to empower them to take on new social roles. Significant efforts at the national level are needed in each country, to make patient involvement in research standard practice.