bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditioning of pretreated birch by liquid–liquid organic extractions to improve yeast fermentability and enzymatic digestibility
Authors: Wu Guochao , Alriksson Björn , Jönsson Leif J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Biochemical conversion of lignocellulose typically includes hydrothermal pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification of cellulose, fermentation of sugars, and valorization of the lignin-rich residue. However, by-products from the hydrothermal pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass inhibit enzymatic saccharification and microbial fermentation. Conditioning of slurries or hydrolysates is used to alleviate inhibition problems and make subsequent bioprocessing steps more efficient. Results: Three long-chain organic extractants (Alamine 336, Aliquat 336, and Cyanex 921) were compared to two conventional organic solvents (ethyl acetate and xylene) with regard to conditioning of birch wood pretreatment liquid (BWPL) for improved saccharification and fermentation. Removal of by-products typically increased in the order Alamine 336 < Cyanex 921 < Aliquat 336, which was in accordance with increase of their topological polar surface area (TPSA) values. Enzymatic digestibility, assayed as improved glucose formation from microcrystalline cellulose compared to an untreated BWPL control, increased with 19-33% after extraction with the long-chain organic extractants. Xylene treatment also improved saccharification, whereas ethyl acetate treatment worsened saccharification. Aliquat 336 was most efficient in improving enzymatic digestibility, but it was toxic to yeast cells, and residual Aliquat 336 after the extraction caused fermentation problems. Fermentations using Cyanex-921-extracted BWPL resulted in the best ethanol yield, 0.34±0.02 g/g on initial fermentable sugars. Extraction with xylene also resulted in relatively high ethanol yield, 0.29±0.02 g/g, while cultures with media consisting of untreated BWPL or BWPL treated with the other extractants exhibited no ethanol formation. Conclusions: We investigated for the first time the effects of conditioning with long-chain organic extractants on both enzymatic saccharification and microbial fermentation with yeast. The extractants efficiently promoted enzymatic saccharification in the presence of pretreatment liquid, with potential to recover inhibitory substances, such as aliphatic acids. The effects on the fermentability could be positive or negative, depending on if the extractant itself is toxic to the fermenting microorganism.
Numerical simulation and analysis of surface texture on the performance of die steel laser cladding layer
Authors: zhao changlong , Ma Zhenrong , Zhang Haifeng , Ma Chen , Yang Junbao , Li Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to reduce the stresses and cracks generated during the progress of laser cladding and improve the fatigue resistance and service life of the die steel, a simulation study of residual stresses and surface texture is attempted by changing the parameters of the cladding process. Different melting process parameters (power, scanning speed, spot radius) are selected as laser melting simulation factors and the residual stress is used as the main experimental index in this paper. Three-factor, three-level orthogonal simulation experiments are conducted to determine the optimal melting parameters by performing signal-to-noise ratio and extreme difference analysis on the experimental results. The cladding temperature and residual stress distribution are compared between prefabricated texture and non-texture cladding simulation under the optimal cladding parameters. The results of the optimal melting parameters are as follows: laser power of 800 W, scanning speed of 20 mm/s, spot radius of 1 mm, and the minimum residual stress of 360 MPa. In the melting simulation, the average residual stress of the prefabricated clad layer is 149 MPa, which is about 58.56% lower than that of the nonwoven simulation. In addition, the experimental results are in accordance with the simulated results and validate that the residual stresses may be reduced by the prefabricated texture under the premise of ensuring the melting temperature, which in turn can achieve the purpose of reducing the crack generation.
Irisin/PPARá Mediates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Ascular Smooth Muscle Cells through Activation of the HO-1
Authors: Liu Danan , Wang Yao , Zhou Bo , Wang Xiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism that Irisin/ PPARαsignaling pathway mediates the balance between proliferation and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Methods: VSMCs were transfected with FNDC5 overexpression and silencing lentiviral vectors to increase or inhibit Irisin production; the cells were randomly divided into 7 groups:the control group (control), overexpressing empty lentiviral vector group (MOCK1), FNDC5 overexpressing group (FNDC5), overexpressing empty vector with PPARα inhibitor group (MOCK1 + GW6471), FNDC5 overexpressing with PPARα inhibitor group (FNDC5 + GW6471), silencing empty lentiviral vector group (MOCK2) and FNDC5 silencing group (sh- FNDC5).The expression levels of FNDC5, PPARα, HO-1, Bax, and Bcl-2 in each group were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The Proliferation and Apoptosis of VSMCs were conducted by using flow cytometry. The gell proliferation rate was detected through CCK8 assay. Results: Compared with the control group or MOCK1 group, the expressions of FNDC5, PPARα, HO-1 and Bax，and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio，increased significantly in FNDC5 and FNDC5+GW6471 group(P < 0.05) , while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased significantly in MOCK+GW6471 group (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The HO-1 induced by Irisin/PPARα,inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs through repressing DNA synthesis ,and regulated expressions of the important functional molecules in the cell apoptosis pathway to promote the cell death，therefore, we drew a conclusion that Irisin/PPARα mediates the the balance between proliferation and apoptosis of ascular smooth muscle cells through activing the HO-1.
Inclusion, Occlusion and adsorption of rare earth elements from chloride media onto Barite.Gypsum Co-precipitate
Authors: Abdo Sh. M. , Hagag M. S. , Ali A. H. , Salem F. H. , Dakroury G. A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The high demand for rare earth elements (REEs) was prompted scientists to look for a low-cost technique of REEs extracting from their ores. In this study, a synthetic (BaSO4.CaSO4) composite is prepared by co-precipitation of an equal concentration of barium and calcium chlorides for the recovery of REEs from acidic chloride leach liquor of monazite mineral. The prepared BaSO4.CaSO4 is characterized by FT-IR, XRD, DTA, SEM, particle size analysis, and pore size distribution. Adsorption experiments were carried out at pH = 4 and the sorption equilibrium were reached after 20 minutes. The sorption reaction followed a pseudo 2nd order mechanism. The sorption reaction was regulated with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacity is 168.63 mg g-1 at 303 K. Thermodynamic studies showed that the sorption reaction is endothermic and spontaneous. The desorption of RE3 + is accomplished with 90.14% efficiency using 1 mol L-1 HNO3. BaSO4.CaSO4 could be reused after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles with 73% efficiency. The obtained results discuss the efficient use of 1:1 Barite. Gypsum composite as a natural mixture for REEs extraction. The adsorption capacity of Barite. Gypsum composite was 136 mg g-1.
Vasculature-Function Relationship in Open-Angle Glaucomatous Eyes with a Choroidal Microvasculature Insufficiency
Authors: Lee Anna , Shin Joong Won , Lee Jin Yeoung , Baek Min Su , Kook Michael S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Identifying biomarkers associated with functional impairment is important in monitoring glaucoma patients. This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated the vasculature-function relationship in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes with choroidal microvasculature insufficiency versus in OAG eyes without. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography-derived circumpapillary (cpVD) and macular vessel densities (mVD) were measured in 159 early-stage OAG eyes (mean deviation>-6 decibels) in accordance with the presence or not of a choroidal microvasculature dropout (CMvD). OCT-derived circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFLT) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknesses (mGCIPLT) were also measured as reference standards. The vasculature (cpVD and mVD)-function [24 − 2 visual field mean sensitivity (VFMS) and central 10° VFMS (cVFMS)] and structure (cpRNFLT and mGCIPLT)-function (24 − 2 VFMS and cVFMS) relationships were compared using global and sectoral maps between OAG eyes with (CMvD+) and without CMvD (CMvD-). The CMvD + eyes showed significantly steeper cpVD-24-2 VFMS and mVD-cVFMS correlations (P < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the cpRNFLT-24-2 VFMS and mGCIPLT-cVFMS relationships between the two groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, OAG eyes with a choroidal microvasculature insufficiency have significantly stronger vasculature-function relationships than eyes without. Vessel density parameters may be useful biomarkers of disease progression in early-stage OAG patients with a choroidal microvasculature insufficiency.
Optical solitons of Zoomeron equation by newly ϕ6-model expansion approach
Authors: Isah Muhammad Abubakar , Yokuş Asif 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the equations describing incognito evolution, the nonlinear Zoomeron equation, is studied in this work. In a variety of physical circumstances, including laser physics, fluid dynamics and nonlinear optics, solitons with particular properties arise and the Zoomeron equation is a single example of one such situation. The Q^6-model expansion method allows for the explicit retrieval of a wide range of solution types, including kink-type solitons, these solitons are also called topological solitons in the context of water waves, their velocity does not depend on the wave amplitude, others are bright, singular, periodic and combined singular soliton solutions. The outcomes of this research may improve the Zoomeron equation's nonlinear dynamical features. The method proposes a practical and effective approach for solving a large class of nonlinear partial differential equations. Interesting graphs are employed to explain and highlight the dynamical aspects of the results, all of the obtained results are put into the Zoomeron equation to show the accuracy of the results.
A distributed model predictive control with machine learning for automated shot peening machine in remanufacturing processes
Authors: NGUYEN VAN BO , Teo Augustine , Ba Te , Ahluwalia Kunal , Kang Chang Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In practical peening operation, the values of inlet air pressure and media flow rate are manually preset to acquire desired intensity requirements. The operator often needs to perform intensive experimental trials to determine a set of operational inputs for actual production. Obtaining these operational parameters is often time-consuming and labor-intensive. Thus, in this study, we propose an optimal distributed model predictive control for the multiple inputs / multiple outputs system to address the issues. In the newly developed system, control actions of inlet air pressure and voltage are optimally obtained with the anticipation of the predictive future states of the plant models, while reference values of air pressure at the nozzle and media flowrate are determined using a proxy model. The dynamical plant models include an air pressure model and a media flowrate model, which are developed based on measurement data and physics-based knowledge using the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics algorithm. The proxy model is developed from the measurement data of the intensity, pressure, and media flowrate using a deep machine-learning algorithm. The control performance is demonstrated using on-site controls at the physical machine for different operational scenarios. The obtained measurement results exhibit a favorable control performance in stability, robustness, and accuracy. The measurement intensity is consistent with the target setting value; the difference is smaller than the industrial threshold of ± 0.01mmA for all random tests. In another word, all target setting intensity can be achieved without the need of performing trials to determine the operational parameters. It also suggests that the developed control system can be deployed to the physical machine for actual production.
Studies on the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of endemic and native plants from Cabo Verde
Authors: Essoh Anyse Pereira , Cassiano Gustavo Capatti , Mandim Filipa , Gomes Isildo , Moura Mónica , Medeiros Márcia Melo , Cravo Pedro , Romeiras Maria Manuel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTraditional medicinal plants and other remedies are one of the many potential sources of new antimalarial drugs, there being an increasing interest in studying their potential for the treatment of malaria and other illnesses. The Cabo Verde archipelago harbors a rich native plant diversity, most of which are used with medicinal purposes. MethodsThe present study investigated the in vitro antiplasmodial activities of four native plants from Cabo Verde. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of these plants were tested in vitro against both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) P. falciparum strains using a SYBR Green detection method, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in Caco and PLP2 cells by using a sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. ResultsAn ethanolic extract of Artemisia gorgonum and an aqueous extract of Tamarix senegalensis exhibited high antiplasmodial activity (EC50 < 5 μg/mL) without cytotoxicity. Extracts of Lavandula rotundifolia and Sideroxylon marginatum exhibited moderate activity, with EC50 values ranging from 10-30 μg/mL. The A. gorgonum ethanolic extract showed activity toward early ring stages, and parasites treated with the T. senegalensis aqueous extract progressed to early trophozoite stage but did not develop further to the late trophozoite or schizont stages.ConclusionsAntimalarial activities as well as the lack of toxicity of the extracts found in the present study support the claim by traditional practitioners for the use of the plants against malaria and suggests their ethnopharmacological usefulness as future antimalarials.
The role of insomnia in the vulnerability to depressive and anxiety symptoms in atopic dermatitis adult patients
Authors: Salfi Federico , Amicucci Giulia , Ferrara Michele , Tempesta Daniela , De Berardinis Andrea , Chiricozzi Andrea , Peris Ketty , Fargnoli Maria Concetta , Esposito Maria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory chronic skin disease typically associated with atopic comorbidities and other non-atopic conditions such as sleep disturbances, mood and anxiety disorders. A growing literature proposed a crucial role of sleep disturbances in the development of mental health problems in AD. We tested this assumption by mediation model analyses in adult AD patients.Methods: A total of 57 patients (mean age ± dev. std., 34.28 ± 13.07 years; 27 males; range, 18–67 years) diagnosed with AD participated in a cross-sectional study. We evaluated self-perceived severity of AD, insomnia, depression, and anxiety symptoms using validated questionnaires: the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Beck Depression Inventory-second edition, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, respectively. Two mediation models were performed, testing the mediation effect of insomnia symptoms on the relationship between AD severity and depression (model 1) and anxiety (model 2).Results: AD symptoms, as expressed by POEM, were positively associated with insomnia, depression, and anxiety severity. Insomnia fully mediated the effect of AD severity on depression and anxiety. Specifically, insomnia accounted for 81.64% of the relationship between atopic eczema severity and depression, and for 81.84% of the effect of AD severity on anxiety symptoms.Conclusions: The present study showed a critical role of insomnia in predisposing adult AD patients to experience depression and anxiety. Early interventions focused on treating sleep disturbances could indirectly be beneficial on mental health of patients with AD, counteracting the onset and exacerbation of anxiety and depression disorders.
Unspecialized Belief Learning for Zero-Shot Coordination
Authors: Yu Hongfei , Ni Kunyu , Yu Wenjun , Huang Yu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An important and challenging problem setting in decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes is zero-shot coordination (ZSC), where an AI agent must coordinate with novel partners without prior coordination. However, agents trained by standard multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms in self-play setting study policies by playing the game themselves and thus cannot coordinate on the policies when paired with humans or other novel agents. Despite that some recent works have attributed the failure to highly specialized conventions, the lack of the explanation of how the conventions are adopted makes the viewpoint unconvincing. To explain this, we first construct a model to describe the formation of specialized conventions. Then, we present unspecialized belief learning (UBL), which enhances controlling the specialization of belief. UBL can reduce specialized conventions and shows significant performance in a simple toy-setting and the benchmark problem Hanabi. Finally, we discuss the future work of ZSC, including human-AI teaming and interpretability of AI.
Environmental factors controlling contamination and vulnerability of water alternative supply points in Lefock semi-urban watershed, West Cameroon
Authors: TONTSA Lauric , TEMGOUA Emile , BERTRAND Guillaume , KENGNI Lucas , MVOUBOU Mike Castane MAKAYA , KOPA Adoua NJUEYA , MBA Franck Fabrice 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Due to the poorly managed water network of the Dschang municipality (West Cameroun), the peri-urban population of the Lefock watershed, frequently, consumes doubtful quality water from alternative supply points (WASPs): spring, well, river, borehole. In this context, the present study aimed to explore the influence of close environment on the possible contamination of these resources. For this purpose, 22 WASPs were characterized (within a 10 m radius of the point) both from physiographic (nature of bedrock, water supply utility, soil type, land use) and anthropogenic (presence of pit latrines, domestic wastewater, domestic breeding, agricultural activities, wild garbage dump, washing clothes on-site). Then, chemical (NO3−, NH4+, PO43−) and bacteriological (faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, total coliforms, and E. coli) contamination parameters were analyzed and compared with the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards. Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) was done, using water quality variables as input combined with environmental data as supplementary data. It revealed that waters from WASPs were generally of very poor bacterial quality, due to proximity with pit latrines, domestic wastewaters, and/or agricultural plots. NO3− is exceptionally high where WASPs are close to agricultural plots and/or domestic wastewaters. The MFA showed that the chemical degradation of WASP mostly results from wider scale processes and is representative of diffuse (and likely long-term) impacts on the resource. In contrast, bacteriological contaminations were better governed by immediate contexts and appears to result from the combination of anthropogenic and physiographic constraints. Regarding vulnerability, the type of soil and the nature of the WASPs are the main influencing factors. The hydromorphic context accentuates the vulnerability, while the order of increasing vulnerability related to the type of WASPs is: spring - well and borehole - river. These results indicate that poor water management, combined with a limited consideration of local environmental specificities threatens the security and sustainability of this resource in semi-urbanized zones over heterogeneous aquifers, and argue for a twofold education effort for managers and end-users of the resource.
Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) gene promoter methylation and hyperphagia-related behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: Wieting Jelte , Jahn Kirsten , Eberlein Christian K. , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Deest Maximilian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUNDPrader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from the loss of paternally derived but maternally imprinted genes in chromosomal region 15q11-13, is typically associated with marked hyperphagia leading to massive obesity if food intake is not controlled. The hyperphagia-related behavior is currently attributed mainly to dysregulation of hypothalamic signaling pathways, but recently there has been increasing evidence for involvement of the dopaminergic reward system in appetite regulation in PWS. Epigenetic alterations in appetite-regulatory genes outside the PWS locus have been demonstrated, but without establishing a link to hyperphagia-related behavior in PWS. In the present study, gene promoter methylation of the dopaminergic genes dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) was examined by DNA bisulfite sequencing in 32 individuals with PWS compared with a control group (n = 14) matched for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Methylation analysis results were further examined for their correlation with hyperphagia-related behaviors in PWS assessed by Hyperphagia-Questionnaire for Clinical Trials (HQ-CT), a caregiver-report test instrument developed and validated for PWS. RESULTSStatistical analysis revealed significant hypomethylation of both the DAT and DRD2 gene promoter in PWS compared with controls. DRD2 methylation inversely correlated with hyperphagia-related behavior based on HQ-CT scores in the PWS group, whereas the statistical mixed linear model showed a significant effect of the factor HQ-CT score on both DRD2 and DAT gene promoter methylation. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between DRD2 and DAT gene promoter methylation in PWS, with DRD2 methylation also depending on the age of the subjects. CONCLUSIONSPWS appears to be accompanied by epigenetic alterations in relevant dopaminergic genes, which in case of DRD2 may influence PWS-typical hyperphagia-related behavior, providing further evidence for the dopamine system as a behavior-modulating factor in PWS. In this regard, hypomethylation of the DRD2 gene promoter may represent a counterregulatory mechanism in response to a hypodopaminergic state generally associated with hyperphagia and obesity. Knowledge of dopaminergic dysregulation in PWS may open doors for future treatment options that possibly apply to other eating disorders and obesity-related diseases.
Risk characterization to glyphosate in honeybee and consumer´s exposed to honeybee-collected pollen in southeastern Mexico
Authors: Ruiz-Toledo Jovani , Sánchez Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the risk that glyphosate residues in pollen pose to honey bees and humans. From June 2015 to May 2016, we quantified glyphosate from freshly collected pollen from ten colonies from two sites in Chiapas, Mexico. Residues were extracted by the QUECHERS method and analyzed using a standardized enzymatic immunoassay. Glyphosate was detected in all samples (3.71–7.29 µgkg− 1). Risk analysis (pollen hazard quotient) indicates that such quantities do not pose an acute threat to honey bees and humans, according to ADI/ARfD – AOEL values. In conclusion, we found that the risks that glyphosate in pollen represent to human and honey bees are apparently low in our study site.