bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring strategies for the use of mixed microalgae in cellulase production and its application for bioethanol production
Authors: Shokrkar Hanieh , Zamani Mehdi , Ebrahimi Sirous 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImproving the enzymatic hydrolysis processes of cellulosic materials can be considered a key aim for bioethanol production. Cellulase production using mixed microalgae by mono and co‐cultivation of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger has not yet been reported. In this study, the effect of different concentration ratios of cellulose and microalgae on the production of cellulases was investigated. Media containing equal mass percentages of microalgae and cellulose showed the highest cellulase activity (3.3 U mL−1) among other tested ratios using co‐cultivation of fungi. The optimal percentage of microalgae (50%) increased enzyme activity by about 20% compared with pure cellulose due to necessary and rare elements in the microalgae. Subsequently, fermentation of this sample to bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated a yield of 0.46 g ethanol/g glucose (92% of the theoretical value). The microalgae ratio is therefore an important factor and can be optimized to gain the highest enzyme activity and improve the cost‐effectiveness of bioethanol production from microalgae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Electrospinning of stimuli‐responsive polymers for controlled drug delivery: pH‐ and temperature‐driven release
Authors: Williams Leah , Hatton Fiona L. , Willcock Helen , Mele Elisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStimuli‐responsive polymers have attracted academic interest over the last 60 years due to their potential use in developing systems with a range of functionalities that can be activated by external artificial triggers. The diversity of responses and stimuli, which can be achieved through careful polymer selection and processing, opens up applications in nearly every sector. In particular, the use of responsive polymers for the controlled delivery of drugs and bioactive compounds has been heavily researched. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in electrospinning of temperature‐ and pH‐responsive polymers to create networks of nanofibres with controlled drug delivery profiles for biomedical applications.
Is young‐onset esophageal adenocarcinoma increasing in Japan? An analysis of population‐based cancer registries
Authors: Saito Eiko , Yano Tomonori , Hori Megumi , Yoneoka Daisuke , Matsuda Tomohiro , Chen Yichi , Katanoda Kota 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histological type in Japan, concern has been expressed over an increase in the proportion of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), especially in middle‐aged populations. This study aimed to assess long‐term trends in esophageal cancer incidence by histological type.MethodsWe used data from three population‐based cancer registries in Japan with 10,642 esophageal cancer cases diagnosed between 1993 and 2014. The multiple imputation approach was used to impute a specific histological type (ESCC, EAC, and others) for cases with “Unknown” or missing status. We calculated the age‐standardized incidence rates by histological type from 1993 to 2014 and fitted age‐period‐cohort models to estimate the annual percent changes (APCs) and adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs).ResultsAfter imputation of missing data, the largest mean APC increase was seen in the incidence of EAC in men aged 40–49 years (7.1%) followed by those aged 50–59 years (5.5%). The age‐period‐cohort analysis showed that men who were born in the 1960s and later were more likely to develop EAC relative to men who were born in 1950–1959 (1960–1969 cohort, IRR: 1.42; 1970–1974 cohort, IRR: 2.23), with a period effect indicating a constant increase after 2003. For women, no significant trend in EAC incidence was observed.ConclusionsThe incidence of EAC has increased more prominently compared with that of ESCC, especially in men aged 40–59 years, suggesting the impact of increasing obesity in men and a reduction in H. pylori prevalence in Japan.
Collagenase to facilitate guidewire crossing in chronic total occlusion PCI—The Total Occlusion Study in Coronary Arteries‐5 (TOSCA‐5) trial
Authors: Graham John J. , Bagai Akshay , Wijeysundera Harindra , Weisz Giora , Rinfret Stéphane , Dick Alexander , Jolly Sanjit S. , Schaempert Erick , Mansour Samer , Dzavik Vladimir , Henriques Jose P. S. , Elbarouni Basem , Vo Minh N. , Teefy Patrick , Goodhart David , Mancini G. B. John , Strauss Bradley H. , Buller Christopher E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic total occlusions (CTO) are common and are associated with lower percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) success rates, often due to failure of antegrade guidewire crossing. Local, intralesional delivery of collagenase (MZ‐004) may facilitate guidewire crossing in CTO.AimsTo evaluate the effect of MZ‐004 in facilitating antegrade wire crossing in CTO angioplasty.MethodsA total of 76 patients undergoing CTO PCI were enrolled at 13 international sites: 38 in the randomized training stage (collagenase [MZ‐004] 900 or 1200 μg) and 38 in the placebo‐controlled stage (MZ‐004 900 or 1200 μg or placebo). Patients received the MZ‐004 or identical volume saline (placebo group) in a double‐blind design, injected via microcatheter directly into the proximal cap of the CTO. The following day patients underwent CTO PCI using antegrade wire techniques only.ResultsPatients were generally similar except for a trend for higher Japanese chronic total occlusion (J‐CTO) score in the MZ‐004 group (MZ‐004 J‐CTO score 1.9 vs. 1.4, p = 0.07). There was a numerical increase in the rates of guidewire crossing in the MZ‐004 groups compared to placebo (74% vs. 63%, p = 0.52). Guidewire crossing with a soft‐tip guidewire (≤1.5 g tip load) was significantly higher in the MZ‐004 groups (0% in placebo, 17% in 900 μg, and 29% in 1200 μg MZ‐004 group, p = 0.03). Rates of the major adverse cardiovascular event were similar between groups.ConclusionLocal delivery of MZ‐004 into coronary CTOs appears safe and may facilitate CTO crossing, particularly with softer tipped guidewires. These data support the development of a pivotal trial to further evaluate this agent.
Cellular Detection of a Mitochondria Targeted Brominated Vinyl Triphenylamine Optical Probe (TP−Br) by X‐Ray Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Nagarajan Sounderya , Poyer Florent , Fourmois Laura , Naud‐Martin Delphine , Medjoubi Kadda , Somogyi Andrea , Schanne Gabrielle , Henry Lucas , Delsuc Nicolas , Policar Clotilde , Bertrand Helene C. , Mahuteau‐Betzer Florence 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriphenylamine (TP) derivatives such as two‐branch cationic vinylbenzimidazolium triphenylamine TP−2Bzim are promising turn‐on fluorescent probes suitable for two‐photon imaging, labelling mitochondria in live cells. Here, we designed two TP−2Bzim derivatives as bimodal probes suitable for X‐ray fluorescence imaging. The conjugation of the TP core with a rhenium tricarbonyl moiety in the TP−RePyta probe altered the localisation in live cells from mitochondria to lysosomes. The introduction of bromine on the TP core generated the TP−Br probe retaining good photophysical properties and mitochondria labelling in live cells. The influence of calcium channels in the uptake of TP−Br was studied. Synchrotron Radiation X‐ray Fluorescence (SXRF) imaging of bromine enabled the detection of TP−Br and suggested a negligible presence of the probe in an unbound state in the incubated cells, a crucial point in the development of these probes. This study paves the way towards the development of TP probes as specific organelle stainers suitable for SXRF imaging.
Expedient Synthesis of Oxaboracyclic Compounds Based on Naphthalene and Biphenyl Backbone and Phase‐Dependent Luminescence of their Chelate Complexes
Authors: Durka Krzysztof , Marek‐Urban Paulina H. , Nowicki Krzysztof , Drapała Jakub , Jarzembska Katarzyna N. , Łaski Piotr , Grzelak Aleksandra , Dąbrowski Marek , Woźniak Krzysztof , Luliński Sergiusz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe approach to a series of six‐ and seven‐membered oxaboraheterocycles based on naphthalene or biphenyl backbones was developed. The key synthetic step involved Br/Li exchange in respective potassium (bromoaryl)trifluoroborates followed by quenching with selected electrophiles (CO2, DMF, Me2Si(H)Cl) and hydrolytic workup. Two ring‐expanded benzoxaborole congeners were obtained by an additional reduction step with LiAlH4 or NaBH4. The obtained boracyclic compounds were characterized in detail by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Specifically, biphenyl‐based systems show dynamic behaviour interpreted in terms of inversion of non‐planar seven‐membered boraheterocycles. The acidity of the obtained compounds varies very strongly (pKa ranges from 3.1–9.6) depending on their structure. Due to the enhanced boron Lewis acidity, selected compounds were used as a basis for luminescent complexes with 8‐hydroxyquinoline. A strong phase‐dependent variation of emission‐band maximum (480–527 nm) and photoluminescence quantum yield (10–95 %) was observed, which was rationalized in terms of specific aggregation effects.
Why did the chicken not cross the road? Anthropogenic development influences the movement of a grassland bird
Authors: Londe David W. , Elmore Robert Dwayne , Davis Craig A. , Hovick Torre J. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Rutledge Jimmy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMovement and selection are inherently linked behaviors that form the foundation of a species' space‐use patterns. Anthropogenic development in natural ecosystems can result in a variety of behavioral responses that can involve changes in either movement (speed or direction of travel) or selection (resources used), which in turn may cause population‐level consequences including loss of landscape connectivity. Understanding how a species alters these different behaviors in response to human activity is essential for effective conservation. In this study, we investigated the effects of anthropogenic development such as roads, power lines and oil wells on the greater prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus cupido) movement and selection behaviors in the post‐nesting and non‐breeding season. Our first objective was to assess using integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) if greater prairie‐chickens altered their movement behaviors or their selection patterns when encountering oil wells, power lines, or roads. Our second objective was to determine whether prairie‐chickens avoided crossing linear features such as roads or power lines by comparing the number of crossing events in greater prairie‐chicken movement tracks to the number of movements that crossed these features in simulated movement tracks. Based on the iSSA analysis, we found that greater prairie‐chickens avoided oil wells, power lines, and roads in both seasons, and altered their rate of movement when near anthropogenic structures. However, changes in speed varied by season, with prairie‐chickens increasing their movement rates in the post‐nesting season when near to development and decreasing movement rates in the non‐breeding season. Furthermore, prairie‐chickens crossed roads and power lines at much lower rates than expected. These changes in behavior can result in habitat loss for greater prairie‐chickens, as well as the potential loss of landscape connectivity. By considering both movement and selection, we were able to develop an ecological understanding of how increasing human activity may influence the space use of this species of conservation concern. Furthermore, this research provides insight into the decision‐making processes by animals when they encounter anthropogenic development.
Executive functions and eating behavior: Commentary on Steegers et al. (2021)
Authors: Seidel Maria , King Joseph A. , Ehrlich Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlterations in executive functions have repeatedly been found in individuals suffering from eating and weight disorders. However, less is known about how these cognitive processes might contribute to the etiology of the disorders, as large prospective population‐based studies have been missing. Here, we comment on the results of Steegers et al. (2021), a study that helped to fill this gap with a focus on set‐shifting abilities predicting symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) in children. The main goal of this commentary is to encourage further interpretation of the population‐based data beyond its relevance to AN. More specifically, we discuss the role of impaired inhibition as a risk factor for weight gain and obesity.
Fire disturbance effects on plant taxonomic and functional β‐diversity mediated by topographic exposure
Authors: Abedi Mehdi , Omidipour Reza , Hosseini Seyed Vrya , Bahalkeh Khadijeh , Gross Nicolas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough the diversity–disturbance relationship has been extensively studied, the differences in responses of taxonomic vs. functional diversity to natural disturbances (i.e., fire) call for an improved understanding of this relationship. Here, we investigated how fire disturbance influenced plant taxonomic and functional diversity in Golestan National Park, in northeastern Iran. We evaluated the response of α‐ and β‐plant diversity considering both taxonomic and functional diversity and different β‐diversity components (i.e., turnover and nestedness) as a function of fire regime, topographic exposure, and their interactive effect. We considered different indices of functional diversity including functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, functional dispersion, Rao's quadratic entropy, and community‐weighted mean (CWM). Functional diversity indices were computed using four leaf traits related to species growth strategy and fire response including leaf thickness and leaf length, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC).Taxonomic and functional diversity had contrasting response to fire disturbance. Fire significantly decreased taxonomic α‐diversity similarly in both north and south exposures. β‐diversity increased in south exposures but decreased in north exposures. Fire decreased functional richness, increased CWM of SLA, and decreased CWM of LDMC. In contrast, abundance‐weighted metrics of functional diversity (functional evenness, functional divergence, functional dispersion, Rao's quadratic entropy) were not impacted by fire disturbance. Finally, the main contributors to heterogeneity were driven by a fire × exposure interaction, suggesting that fire disturbance interacts with topographic exposure.Our results suggest that taxonomic and functional α‐ and β‐diversity have contrasting responses to fire illustrating the need to consider both dimensions to understand how disturbance impacts plant communities. At large spatial scale, species turnover and nestedness appear as essential parameters to maintain species‐rich communities in response to fire disturbance.
Accessing Medicinally Relevant O‐Benzofused Heterocycles through C−X Activation: Recent Trends
Authors: Moutayakine Amina , Burke Anthony J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this Review, we address the recent advances in the elaboration of medicinally relevant oxygen benzofused heterocycles by palladium and copper catalyzed C−X activation of halo arene precursors. This attractive transformation has shown remarkable versatility and efficiency as a synthetic toolkit leading to the construction of numerous scaffolds with high structural diversity in an atom‐economical manner. We covered recent examples that considered the application of this strategy using miscellaneous coupling partners and conditions. The haloarene motif has proven to be an exceptional candidate principally due to its availability and cost, and in this review, we showcase relevant and appropriate examples of its use in catalytic reactions leading to medicinally important targets.
Influences of channel and floodplain modification on expansion of woody vegetation into Catahoula Lake, Louisiana, USA
Authors: Keim Richard F. , Dugué Lincoln , Latuso Karen D. , Joshi Sanjeev , King Sammy L. , Willis Frank L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEcosystem structure of wetlands in managed floodplains depends on hydrological processes controlled by geomorphology and water management. Overlapping effects of direct modifications and geomorphic adjustments to management can combine to trigger changes to floodplain ecosystem structure. We examined the case of woody vegetation encroaching into the depressional Catahoula Lake, Louisiana, in the context of regional hydrologic and geomorphic modification in the floodplain of the Mississippi River. Historical aerial photographs indicated woody encroachment into Catahoula Lake for at least 80 years, and the rate of expansion has increased in recent decades. Historical stage analysis revealed that the downstream Red–Atchafalaya–Mississippi River system controls the lower limit of the lake water level when the large rivers are high, but channel enlargement and other hydrological changes there have reduced the frequency of backwater flooding by 42% since 1880. In addition, operation of the water control structure on the lake has altered its hydrological regime to be more regular among years. Historic stage analysis revealed current lake levels are lower in the high‐water spring, less variable in the dry period, and lack the extreme high‐water events of 100+ years ago, all of which facilitate the expansion of woody vegetation.
A cost‐effective building fire smoke spread prediction approach for risk mitigation based on data assimilation using Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Ding Long , Li Yin , Ji Jie , Lin Chengchun , Wang Liangzhu (Leon) 
Published: January 2022

SummaryPrediction of building fire smoke spread behaviors plays an important role in the evacuation in an emergency to mitigate fire risk. Based on data assimilation, a cost‐effective approach was proposed to predict fire smoke spread behaviors under unknown mixed disturbances by combining a zone model (CFAST) and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). CFAST is used to predict fire smoke spread behaviors as a deterministic fire model. Sensor data of smoke temperature were assimilated into CFAST simulation by leveraging EnKF to estimate unknown heat release rate (HRR) and thus improving the prediction accuracy. The performance of the proposed approach was tested via a series of Observing Systems Simulation Experiments. Two series of cases were conducted for unknown single HRR change disturbance and unknown single‐window breakage disturbance, one series of cases was conducted for unknown mixed HRR change and window breakage disturbances. Result comparisons have been presented in figures to assess the approach performance qualitatively, and root mean square errors (RMSEs) have been calculated to assess the approach performance quantitatively. The RMSEs are within the range of 1.78–29.88 K. The results showed that it was a viable solution to set a larger perturbation range for unknown disturbances. The proposed approach could provide more accurate and reliable predictive information about fire smoke spread behaviors for risk mitigation, as well as other safety‐related applications.
Downstream of the HOX genes: Explaining conflicting tumour suppressor and oncogenic functions in cancer
Authors: Morgan Richard , Hunter Keith , Pandha Hardev S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe HOX genes are a highly conserved group of transcription factors that have key roles in early development, but which are also highly expressed in most cancers. Many studies have found strong associative relationships between the expression of individual HOX genes in tumours and clinical parameters including survival. For the majority of HOX genes, high tumour expression levels seem to be associated with a worse outcome for patients, and in some cases, this has been shown to result from the activation of pro‐oncogenic genes and pathways. However, there are also many studies that indicate a tumour suppressor role for some HOX genes, sometimes with conclusions that contradict earlier work. In this review, we have attempted to clarify the role of HOX genes in cancer by focusing on their downstream targets as identified in studies that provide experimental evidence for their activation or repression. On this basis, the majority of HOX genes would appear to have a pro‐oncogenic function, with the notable exception of HOXD10, which acts exclusively as a tumour suppressor. HOX proteins regulate a wide range of target genes involved in metastasis, cell death, proliferation and angiogenesis, and activate key cell signalling pathways. Furthermore, for some functionally related targets, this regulation is achieved by a relatively small subgroup of HOX genes.
Modeling Drivers and Barriers of Artificial Intelligence Adoption: Insights from a Strategic Management Perspective
Authors: Kar Sudatta , Kar Arpan Kumar , Gupta Manmohan Prasad 
Published: January 2022

SummaryArtificial intelligence (AI) in business processes and academic research in AI has significantly increased. However, the adoption of AI in organizational strategy is yet to be explored in extant literature. This study proposes two conceptual frameworks showing hierarchical relationships among the various drivers and barriers to AI adoption in organizational strategy. In a two‐step approach, the literature study is first done to identify eight drivers of and nine barriers to AI adoption and validated by academic and industry experts. In the second step, MICMAC (matrice d'impacts croises‐multiplication appliqúe a un classment or cross‐impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) analysis categorizes the drivers and barriers to AI adoption in organizational strategy. Total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) is developed to understand the complex and hierarchical associations among the drivers and barriers. This is the first attempt to model the drivers and barriers using a methodology like TISM, which provides a comprehensive conceptual framework with hierarchical relationships and relative importance of the drivers and barriers to AI adoption. AI solutions' decision‐making ability and accuracy are the most influential drivers that influence other driving factors. Lack of an AI adoption strategy, lack of AI talent, and lack of leadership commitment are the most significant barriers that affect other barriers. Recommendations for senior leadership are discussed to focus on the leading drivers and barriers. Also, the limitations and future research scope are addressed.
Lower reactive oxygen species production and faster swimming speed of human sperm cells on nanodiamond spin‐coated glass substrates
Authors: Lesani Ali , Ramazani Sarbandi Iman , Mousavi Hengameh , Kazemnejad Somaieh , Moghimi Zand Mahdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sperm selection stage is what assisted reproductive technologies have in common and is crucial as it affects the success of the treatment cycle. The employment of microfluidic platforms for sperm selection has emerged showing promising results. In microfluidic platforms, sperm cells encounter micro‐confined environments meanwhile having contact with channel walls and surfaces. Modification of contact surfaces using nanoparticles leads to the alteration of surface characteristics which in turn affects sperm behavior especially motility which is an indicator for sperm health. In this article, we present the results of investigating the motility parameters of sperm cells in contact with surface‐modified glass substrates using nanodiamond particles. The results show that the sperm swimming velocities are significantly improved within the range of 12%–52% compared to the control surface (untreated). Reactive oxygen species production is also decreased by 14% justifying the increase in swimming speed. Taken together, bonding these modified surfaces to sperm selection microfluidic devices could enhance their efficiency and further improve their outcomes offering new solutions to patients facing infertility.