bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Swallow medicine, eat rice, pray about health’: health, health care and health-seeking experiences of South-East Asian older refugees
Authors: Kelley Amber N. , Seponski Desiree M. , Lewis Denise C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSouth-East Asian refugees have lived in the United States of America for nearly four decades, with early refugee immigrants experiencing ageing and later life within the refugee context. As refugees age, health concerns of this older population grow, highlighting the need for ongoing assessment of refugee health and health-seeking behaviours. This study builds on previous literature that assessed the health and health-seeking patterns of South-East Asian refugees in the early years following resettlement, exploring how health and health-seeking is understood among older refugees 40 years after immigration. This paper includes a subset of 37 older refugees from a larger, community-based participatory, mixed-methods intergenerational study of Cambodian and Laotian refugee families conducted over four years (quantitative N = 433; qualitative N = 183). Thematic analysis of 34 semi-structured interviews with these older refugees in coastal Alabama revealed trends in health and health-seeking practices. Older refugees reported high rates of diabetes and hypertension within their generational cohort, and indicated a shift in health-seeking behaviours, whereby Western biomedicine is sought first for such chronic concerns, followed by traditional medicines for mild ailments such as headaches or colds. Older refugees underscored barriers of language, finances and transportation as limiting access to Western health care. Implications for engaging in community health practices and incorporating services to specifically meet the needs of the ageing refugee population are discussed.
Increased transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark during UEFA European championships
Authors: Bennedbæk Marc , Button Mia Sarah Fischer , Nielsen Lise Birk , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Wiid Svarrer Christina , Møller Karina Lauenborg , Kristensen Brian , Legarth Rebecca , Gunalan Vithiagaran , Zenas Ditte Rechter , Irshad Irfatha , Gubbels Sophie , Sieber Raphael N. , Stegger Marc , Valentiner-Branth Palle , Rasmussen Morten , Møller Camilla Holten , Fonager Jannik , Moller Frederik Trier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Denmark hosted four games during the 2020 UEFA European championships (EC2020). After declining positive SARS-CoV-2 test rates in Denmark, a rise occurred during and after the tournament, concomitant with the replacement of the dominant Alpha lineage (B.1.1.7) by the Delta lineage (B.1.617.2), increasing vaccination rates and cessation of several restrictions. A cohort study including 33 227 cases was conducted from 30 May to 25 July 2021, 14 days before and after the EC2020. Included was a nested cohort with event information from big-screen events and matches at the Danish national stadium, Parken (DNSP) in Copenhagen, held from 12 June to 28 June 2021. Information from whole-genome sequencing, contact tracing and Danish registries was collected. Case–case connections were used to establish transmission trees. Cases infected on match days were compared to cases not infected on match days as a reference. The crude incidence rate ratio (IRR) of transmissions was 1.55, corresponding to 584 (1.76%) cases attributable to EC2020 celebrations. The IRR adjusted for covariates was lower (IRR 1.41) but still significant, and also pointed to a reduced number of transmissions from fully vaccinated cases (IRR 0.59). These data support the hypothesis that the EC2020 celebrations contributed to the rise of cases in Denmark in the early summer of 2021.
WTO Subsidy Disciplines
Authors: Gulotty Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDecades of negotiation to extend the GATT/WTO system to address subsidies have never produced the sort of uniform, scheduled rules that apply to tariffs or even services. Instead, WTO members have developed rules to demarcate permissible and impermissible subsidies. In this paper, I argue that the WTO approach is now hampered by shifts in the share of global trade away from geopolitically aligned, wealthy states and the growth of global supply chains. These pressures were magnified by the accession of China, with its centrality to global trade and recurrent geopolitical tensions with the United States. The challenges in facing cooperation over subsidies suggest limits to the ability for a ‘rules based’ approach to handle substantial changes in the global trading system.
Cryosphere Sciences Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science
Authors: Brugger Sandra O. , Jimenez Adrian A. , Ponsoni Leandro , Todd Claire 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article is composed of two independent commentaries about the state of Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) principles (Goldman et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10508554.1) in cryosphere science and discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Each commentary focuses on a different topic: (Section 2) observational and modeling data research and application in cryosphere sciences and (Section 3) expanding undergraduate research experiences in cryosphere science. We found that many cryosphere‐related research projects and data sharing initiatives engage in ICON research. These efforts should be continued and improved. Specifically, we recommend standardizing methodologies and data, and removing existing barriers to data access and participation in our field. We acknowledge that such ICON‐Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable‐aligned efforts are cost‐ and labor‐intensive. They require leadership and accountability but they also have the potential to increase the diversity and knowledge of the cryosphere research community in the future.
Transient Behavior of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone Associated With Eastward Eddy Shedding
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Randel William , Pan Laura , Wu Yutian , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) exhibits a trimodal distribution of sub‐vortices and the western Pacific is one of the preferred locations. Amplification of the western Pacific anticyclone (WPA) is often linked with eastward eddy shedding from the AMA, although the processes are not well understood. This study investigates the dynamics driving eastward eddy shedding associated with the emergence of the WPA in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere on synoptic scales. Using reanalysis data during 1979–2019, our composite analysis reveals that amplified WPA events are tied to the upstream Silk Road (SR) wave‐train pattern over midlatitude Eurasia as identified in previous studies. The quasi‐stationary eastward propagating eddies result from baroclinic excitation along the westerly jet, as identified by coherent eddy heat fluxes and weakening of the low‐level temperature gradient. The upper‐level westerly jet is important in determining the longitudinal phase‐locking of wave trains, which are anchored and amplify near the jet exit. Occasionally enhanced convection near the Philippines also triggers anticyclonic eddies that propagate upward and northeastward via the Pacific‐Japan (PJ) pattern, forming the WPA in the upper troposphere. Correlation analysis suggests that the SR and PJ mechanisms are not physically correlated.
Seasonal and Multiyear Flow Variability on the Prince of Wales Icefield, Ellesmere Island: 2009–2019
Authors: Dalton Abigail , Van Wychen Wesley , Copland Luke , Gray Laurence , Burgess David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last two decades, Trinity, Wykeham, Ekblaw, and Cadogan glaciers have retreated and been identified as the primary sources of iceberg flux from Prince of Wales (POW) Icefield, Ellesmere Island, accounting for ∼83% of total solid ice discharge. In this study, we used a total of 167 Radarsat‐2 Synthetic Aperture Radar scene pairs collected between 2009 and 2019 to derive winter surface velocities of these four major basins of the POW Icefield. Over this period both Cadogan and Ekblaw glaciers underwent multiyear acceleration and deceleration limited to their lower parts, consistent with characteristics of “pulse‐type” glaciers. Trinity and Wykeham glaciers are currently the fastest flowing glaciers in the CAA and are grounded below sea level for ∼40 km up‐glacier from their termini. Both glaciers underwent multiyear repeating periods of velocity acceleration between 2009 and 2019 which coincided with significant thinning at their termini. As of 2017, Trinity and Wykeham were each within ∼10 m of flotation over their lowermost 4 km. We also identified a shift in flow since 2014 on Trinity and Wykeham, after which winter flow rates began to propagate up‐glacier and were nearly identical to flow rates observed throughout the rest of the year, indicating that seasonal variability in flow has become less apparent in recent years. Our findings suggest that Trinity and Wykeham glaciers have transitioned to a flow type dominated by dynamic thinning, which is strongly influenced by subglacial topography and may be susceptible to instability of the glacier front and large‐scale collapse.
High‐Resolution Seismic Imaging of Fault‐Controlled Basins: A Case Study From the 2009 Mw 6.1 Central Italy Earthquake
Authors: Bruno Pier Paolo G. , Villani Fabio , Improta Luigi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present the first seismic reflection images of the Paganica and Bazzano basins, two tectonic basins developed in the hanging wall of the Paganica‐San Demetrio Fault System, the causative fault of the 2009 Mw 6.1 L'Aquila earthquake, Italy. Five high‐resolution seismic profiles were acquired along a main, 7 km long transect cutting across the strands of an active fault system in urbanized areas with widespread sources of seismic noise. Three processing approaches were chosen to tackle a variable and site‐dependent data quality . To aid interpretation of this complex setting, we complemented seismic amplitude images with energy and similarity attributes as well with post‐stack acoustic impedance inversion. The final seismic sections expose, with unprecedented resolution, the basins' structure and the uppermost splays of the 2009 earthquake. The seismic data show fine details of the subsurface stratigraphic setting, revealing continental depocenters carved in the marine Meso‐Cenozoic substratum and displaced by a series of conjugate normal faults, mostly unknown before this study. Several of the imaged fault strands connect to the 2009 coseismic surface ruptures. Matching the seismic interpretation with constraints from surface geology and shallow boreholes, published data from field surveys and scientific drilling, we present a structural map of the Bazzano and Paganica basins with an estimation of the depth of the Meso‐Cenozoic substratum. This map highlights a different structure, evolution, and age of the two basins, with the older Bazzano basin that likely began to form in late Pliocene.
Disruption of GMNC-MCIDAS multiciliogenesis program is critical in choroid plexus carcinoma development
Authors: Li Qun , Han Zhiyuan , Singh Navleen , Terré Berta , Fame Ryann M. , Arif Uzayr , Page Thomas D. , Zahran Tasneem , Abdeltawab Ahmed , Huang Yuan , Cao Ping , Wang Jun , Lu Hao , Lidov Hart G. W. , Surendran Kameswaran , Wu Lizhao , Virga James Q. , Zhao Ying-Tao , Schüller Ulrich , Wechsler-Reya Robert J. , Lehtinen Maria K. , Roy Sudipto , Liu Zhongmin , Stracker Travis H. , Zhao Haotian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMulticiliated cells (MCCs) in the brain reside in the ependyma and the choroid plexus (CP) epithelia. The CP secretes cerebrospinal fluid that circulates within the ventricular system, driven by ependymal cilia movement. Tumors of the CP are rare primary brain neoplasms mostly found in children. CP tumors exist in three forms: CP papilloma (CPP), atypical CPP, and CP carcinoma (CPC). Though CPP and atypical CPP are generally benign and can be resolved by surgery, CPC is a particularly aggressive and little understood cancer with a poor survival rate and a tendency for recurrence and metastasis. In contrast to MCCs in the CP epithelia, CPCs in humans are characterized by solitary cilia, frequent TP53 mutations, and disturbances to multiciliogenesis program directed by the GMNC-MCIDAS transcriptional network. GMNC and MCIDAS are early transcriptional regulators of MCC fate differentiation in diverse tissues. Consistently, components of the GMNC-MCIDAS transcriptional program are expressed during CP development and required for multiciliation in the CP, while CPC driven by deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 in mice exhibits multiciliation defects consequent to deficiencies in the GMNC-MCIDAS program. Previous studies revealed that abnormal NOTCH pathway activation leads to CPP. Here we show that combined defects in NOTCH and Sonic Hedgehog signaling in mice generates tumors that are similar to CPC in humans. NOTCH-driven CP tumors are monociliated, and disruption of the NOTCH complex restores multiciliation and decreases tumor growth. NOTCH suppresses multiciliation in tumor cells by inhibiting the expression of GMNC and MCIDAS, while Gmnc-Mcidas overexpression rescues multiciliation defects and suppresses tumor cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings indicate that reactivation of the GMNC-MCIDAS multiciliogenesis program is critical for inhibiting tumorigenesis in the CP, and it may have therapeutic implications for the treatment of CPC.
Mitochondrial ATP synthase c-subunit leak channel triggers cell death upon loss of its F1 subcomplex
Authors: Mnatsakanyan Nelli , Park Han-A , Wu Jing , He Xiang , Llaguno Marc C. , Latta Maria , Miranda Paige , Murtishi Besnik , Graham Morven , Weber Joachim , Levy Richard J. , Pavlov Evgeny V. , Jonas Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitochondrial ATP synthase is vital not only for cellular energy production but also for energy dissipation and cell death. ATP synthase c-ring was suggested to house the leak channel of mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), which activates during excitotoxic ischemic insult. In this present study, we purified human c-ring from both eukaryotic and prokaryotic hosts to biophysically characterize its channel activity. We show that purified c-ring forms a large multi-conductance, voltage-gated ion channel that is inhibited by the addition of ATP synthase F1 subcomplex. In contrast, dissociation of F1 from FO occurs during excitotoxic neuronal death suggesting that the F1 constitutes the gate of the channel. mPT is known to dissipate the osmotic gradient across the inner membrane during cell death. We show that ATP synthase c-subunit knock down (KD) prevents the osmotic change in response to high calcium and eliminates large conductance, Ca2+ and CsA sensitive channel activity of mPT. These findings elucidate the gating mechanism of the ATP synthase c-subunit leak channel (ACLC) and suggest how ACLC opening is regulated by cell stress in a CypD-dependent manner.
Observation of solid-state bidirectional thermal conductivity switching in antiferroelectric lead zirconate (PbZrO3)
Authors: Aryana Kiumars , Tomko John A. , Gao Ran , Hoglund Eric R. , Mimura Takanori , Makarem Sara , Salanova Alejandro , Hoque Md Shafkat Bin , Pfeifer Thomas W. , Olson David H. , Braun Jeffrey L. , Nag Joyeeta , Read John C. , Howe James M. , Opila Elizabeth J. , Martin Lane W. , Ihlefeld Jon F. , Hopkins Patrick E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaterials with tunable thermal properties enable on-demand control of temperature and heat flow, which is an integral component in the development of solid-state refrigeration, energy scavenging, and thermal circuits. Although gap-based and liquid-based thermal switches that work on the basis of mechanical movements have been an effective approach to control the flow of heat in the devices, their complex mechanisms impose considerable costs in latency, expense, and power consumption. As a consequence, materials that have multiple solid-state phases with distinct thermal properties are appealing for thermal management due to their simplicity, fast switching, and compactness. Thus, an ideal thermal switch should operate near or above room temperature, have a simple trigger mechanism, and offer a quick and large on/off switching ratio. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate that manipulating phonon scattering rates can switch the thermal conductivity of antiferroelectric PbZrO3 bidirectionally by −10% and +25% upon applying electrical and thermal excitation, respectively. Our approach takes advantage of two separate phase transformations in PbZrO3 that alter the phonon scattering rate in different manners. In this study, we demonstrate that PbZrO3 can serve as a fast (<1 second), repeatable, simple trigger, and reliable thermal switch with a net switching ratio of nearly 38% from ~1.20 to ~1.65 W m−1 K−1.
eIF6 rebinding dynamically couples ribosome maturation and translation
Authors: Jaako Pekka , Faille Alexandre , Tan Shengjiang , Wong Chi C. , Escudero-Urquijo Norberto , Castro-Hartmann Pablo , Wright Penny , Hilcenko Christine , Adams David J. , Warren Alan J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProtein synthesis is a cyclical process consisting of translation initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling. The release factors SBDS and EFL1—both mutated in the leukemia predisposition disorder Shwachman-Diamond syndrome — license entry of nascent 60S ribosomal subunits into active translation by evicting the anti-association factor eIF6 from the 60S intersubunit face. We find that in mammalian cells, eIF6 holds all free cytoplasmic 60S subunits in a translationally inactive state and that SBDS and EFL1 are the minimal components required to recycle these 60S subunits back into additional rounds of translation by evicting eIF6. Increasing the dose of eIF6 in mice in vivo impairs terminal erythropoiesis by sequestering post-termination 60S subunits in the cytoplasm, disrupting subunit joining and attenuating global protein synthesis. These data reveal that ribosome maturation and recycling are dynamically coupled by a mechanism that is disrupted in an inherited leukemia predisposition disorder.
Mechanism of action and therapeutic route for a muscular dystrophy caused by a genetic defect in lipid metabolism
Authors: Tavasoli Mahtab , Lahire Sarah , Sokolenko Stanislav , Novorolsky Robyn , Reid Sarah Anne , Lefsay Abir , Otley Meredith O. C. , Uaesoontrachoon Kitipong , Rowsell Joyce , Srinivassane Sadish , Praest Molly , MacKinnon Alexandra , Mammoliti Melissa Stella , Maloney Ashley Alyssa , Moraca Marina , Pedro Fernandez-Murray J. , McKenna Meagan , Sinal Christopher J. , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Robertson George S. , Hoffman Eric P. , McMaster Christopher R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCHKB encodes one of two mammalian choline kinase enzymes that catalyze the first step in the synthesis of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. In humans and mice, inactivation of the CHKB gene (Chkb in mice) causes a recessive rostral-to-caudal muscular dystrophy. Using Chkb knockout mice, we reveal that at no stage of the disease is phosphatidylcholine level significantly altered. We observe that in affected muscle a temporal change in lipid metabolism occurs with an initial inability to utilize fatty acids for energy via mitochondrial β-oxidation resulting in shunting of fatty acids into triacyglycerol as the disease progresses. There is a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and target gene expression specific to Chkb−/− affected muscle. Treatment of Chkb−/− myocytes with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists enables fatty acids to be used for β-oxidation and prevents triacyglyerol accumulation, while simultaneously increasing expression of the compensatory choline kinase alpha (Chka) isoform, preventing muscle cell injury.
A time-resolved picture of our Milky Way’s early formation history
Authors: Xiang Maosheng , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe formation of our Milky Way can be split up qualitatively into different phases that resulted in its structurally different stellar populations: the halo and the disk components1–3. Revealing a quantitative overall picture of our Galaxy’s assembly requires a large sample of stars with very precise ages. Here we report an analysis of such a sample using subgiant stars. We find that the stellar age–metallicity distribution p(τ, [Fe/H]) splits into two almost disjoint parts, separated at age τ ≃ 8 Gyr. The younger part reflects a late phase of dynamically quiescent Galactic disk formation with manifest evidence for stellar radial orbit migration4–6; the other part reflects the earlier phase, when the stellar halo7 and the old α-process-enhanced (thick) disk8,9 formed. Our results indicate that the formation of the Galaxy’s old (thick) disk started approximately 13 Gyr ago, only 0.8 Gyr after the Big Bang, and 2 Gyr earlier than the final assembly of the inner Galactic halo. Most of these stars formed around 11 Gyr ago, when the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus satellite merged with our Galaxy10,11. Over the next 5–6 Gyr, the Galaxy experienced continuous chemical element enrichment, ultimately by a factor of 10, while the star-forming gas managed to stay well mixed.
Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or ipilimumab in gastro-oesophageal cancer
Authors: Shitara Kohei , Ajani Jaffer A. , Moehler Markus , Garrido Marcelo , Gallardo Carlos , Shen Lin , Yamaguchi Kensei , Wyrwicz Lucjan , Skoczylas Tomasz , Bragagnoli Arinilda Campos , Liu Tianshu , Tehfe Mustapha , Elimova Elena , Bruges Ricardo , Zander Thomas , de Azevedo Sergio , Kowalyszyn Ruben , Pazo-Cid Roberto , Schenker Michael , Cleary James M. , Yanez Patricio , Feeney Kynan , Karamouzis Michalis V. , Poulart Valerie , Lei Ming , Xiao Hong , Kondo Kaoru , Li Mingshun , Janjigian Yelena Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStandard first-line chemotherapy results in disease progression and death within one year in most patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma1–4. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated superior overall survival versus chemotherapy at 12-month follow-up in gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction or oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the randomized, global CheckMate 649 phase 3 trial5(programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) combined positive score ≥5 and all randomized patients). On the basis of these results, nivolumab plus chemotherapy is now approved as a first-line treatment for these patients in many countries6. Nivolumab and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor ipilimumab have distinct but complementary mechanisms of action that contribute to the restoration of anti-tumour T-cell function and induction of de novo anti-tumour T-cell responses, respectively7–11. Treatment combining 1 mg kg−1nivolumab with 3 mg kg−1ipilimumab demonstrated clinically meaningful anti-tumour activity with a manageable safety profile in heavily pre-treated patients with advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer12. Here we report both long-term follow-up results comparing nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone and the first results comparing nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy alone from CheckMate 649. After the 24.0-month minimum follow-up, nivolumab plus chemotherapy continued to demonstrate improvement in overall survival versus chemotherapy alone in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score ≥5 (hazard ratio 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.61, 0.81) and all randomized patients (hazard ratio 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.71, 0.88). Overall survival in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score ≥ 5 for nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy alone did not meet the prespecified boundary for significance. No new safety signals were identified. Our results support the continued use of nivolumab plus chemotherapy as standard first-line treatment for advanced gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma.