bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum computational complexity from quantum information to black holes and back
Authors: Chapman Shira , Policastro Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuantum computational complexity estimates the difficulty of constructing quantum states from elementary operations, a problem of prime importance for quantum computation. Surprisingly, this quantity can also serve to study a completely different physical problem – that of information processing inside black holes. Quantum computational complexity was suggested as a new entry in the holographic dictionary, which extends the connection between geometry and information and resolves the puzzle of why black hole interiors keep growing for a very long time. In this pedagogical review, we present the geometric approach to complexity advocated by Nielsen and show how it can be used to define complexity for generic quantum systems; in particular, we focus on Gaussian states in QFT, both pure and mixed, and on certain classes of CFT states. We then present the conjectured relation to gravitational quantities within the holographic correspondence and discuss several examples in which different versions of the conjectures have been tested. We highlight the relation between complexity, chaos and scrambling in chaotic systems. We conclude with a discussion of open problems and future directions. This article was written for the special issue of EPJ-C Frontiers in Holographic Duality.
Enhancing robustness of noisy qutrit teleportation with Markovian memory
Authors: Xu RuiQing , Zhou Ri-Gui , Li YaoChong , Jiang SheXiang , Ian Hou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuantum teleportation is the fundamental communication unit in quantum communication. Here, a three-level system is selected for storing and transmitting quantum information, due to its unique advantages, such as lower cost than a higher-level system and higher capacity and security than a two-level system. It is known that the key procedure for perfect teleportation is the distribution of entanglement through quantum channel. However, amounts of noise existing in the quantum channel may interfere the entangled state, causing the degradation of quantum entanglement. In the physical implementations of quantum communication schemes, noise acting on the carriers of successive transmissions often exhibits some correlations, which is the so called quantum memory channel. In this paper, a memory channel model during the entanglement distribution phase is constructed and the uniform expression of the evolution of a two-qutrit entangled state under different kinds of correlated noise is derived. Finally, Pauli noise and amplitude damping noise as the typical noise source are considered to analyze the influence of memory effects of noise on qutrit teleportation. It is expected to show that three-level teleportation under these two types of channels can generally enhance the robustness to noise if the Markovian correlations of quantum channel are taken into consideration.
GCN-Denoiser: Mesh Denoising with Graph Convolutional Networks
Authors: Shen Yuefan , Fu Hongbo , Du Zhongshuo , Chen Xiang , Burnaev Evgeny , Zorin Denis , Zhou Kun , Zheng Youyi 
Published: February 2022

In this article, we present GCN-Denoiser, a novel feature-preserving mesh denoising method based on
graph convolutional networks
(
GCNs
). Unlike previous learning-based mesh denoising methods that exploit handcrafted or voxel-based representations for feature learning, our method explores the structure of a triangular mesh itself and introduces a graph representation followed by graph convolution operations in the dual space of triangles. We show such a graph representation naturally captures the geometry features while being lightweight for both training and inference. To facilitate effective feature learning, our network exploits both static and dynamic edge convolutions, which allow us to learn information from both the explicit mesh structure and potential implicit relations among unconnected neighbors. To better approximate an unknown noise function, we introduce a cascaded optimization paradigm to progressively regress the noise-free facet normals with multiple GCNs. GCN-Denoiser achieves the new state-of-the-art results in multiple noise datasets, including CAD models often containing sharp features and raw scan models with real noise captured from different devices. We also create a new dataset called PrintData containing 20 real scans with their corresponding ground-truth meshes for the research community. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/Jhonve/GCN-Denoiser.
Breast Cancer Index Is a Predictive Biomarker of Treatment Benefit and Outcome from Extended Tamoxifen Therapy: Final Analysis of the Trans-aTTom Study
Authors: Bartlett John M.S. , Sgroi Dennis C. , Treuner Kai , Zhang Yi , Piper Tammy , Salunga Ranelle C. , Ahmed Ikhlaaq , Doos Lucy , Thornber Sarah , Taylor Karen J. , Brachtel Elena F. , Pirrie Sarah J. , Schnabel Catherine A. , Rea Daniel W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) HOXB13/IL17BR (H/I) ratio predicts benefit from extended endocrine therapy in hormone receptor–positive (HR+) early-stage breast cancer. Here, we report the final analysis of the Trans-aTTom study examining BCI (H/I)'s predictive performance.

Experimental Design:
BCI results were available for 2,445 aTTom trial patients. The primary endpoint of recurrence-free interval (RFI) and secondary endpoints of disease-free interval (DFI) and disease-free survival (DFS) were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression and log-rank test.

Results:
Final analysis of the overall study population (N = 2,445) did not show a significant improvement in RFI with extended tamoxifen [HR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69–1.16; P = 0.401]. Both the overall study population and N0 group were underpowered due to the low event rate in the N0 group. In a pre-planned analysis of the N+ subset (N = 789), BCI (H/I)-High patients derived significant benefit from extended tamoxifen (9.7% absolute benefit: HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14–0.75; P = 0.016), whereas BCI (H/I)-Low patients did not (−1.2% absolute benefit; HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.76–1.64; P = 0.581). A significant treatment-to-biomarker interaction was demonstrated on the basis of RFI, DFI, and DFS (P = 0.037, 0.040, and 0.025, respectively). BCI (H/I)-High patients remained predictive of benefit from extended tamoxifen in the N+/HER2− subgroup (9.4% absolute benefit: HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15–0.81; P = 0.047). A three-way interaction evaluating BCI (H/I), treatment, and HER2 status was not statistically significant (P = 0.849).

Conclusions:
Novel findings demonstrate that BCI (H/I) significantly predicts benefit from extended tamoxifen in HR+ N+ patients with HER2− disease. Moreover, BCI (H/I) demonstrates significant treatment to biomarker interaction across survival outcomes.
δ-Tocotrienol is the Most Potent Vitamin E Form in Inhibiting Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Inhibits Prostate Carcinogenesis in Ptenp−/− Mice
Authors: Wang Hong , Yan William , Sun Yuhai , Yang Chung S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Vitamin E compounds, consisting of α, β, γ, and δ forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols, display different cancer preventive activities in experimental models. Tocotrienols may have higher potential for clinical use due to their lower effective doses in laboratory studies. However, most studies on tocotrienols have been carried out using cancer cell lines. Strong data from animal studies may encourage the use of tocotrienols for human cancer prevention research. To examine the cancer inhibitory activity of different vitamin E forms, we first investigated their inhibitory activities of different vitamin E forms in prostate cancer cell lines. We found that δ-tocotrienol (δT3) was the most effective form in inhibiting cell growth at equivalent doses. Because of this in vitro potency, δT3 was further studied using prostate-specific Pten−/− (Ptenp−/−) mice. We found that 0.05% δT3 in diet reduced prostate adenocarcinoma multiplicity by 32.7%, featuring increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation. The inhibitory effect of 0.05% δT3 in diet was similar to that of 0.2% δ-tocopherol (δT) in diet reported previously. Our further study on the δT3-induced transcriptome changes indicated that δT3 inhibited genes in blood vessel development in the prostate of Ptenp−/− mice, which was confirmed by IHC. Together, our results demonstrate that δT3 effectively inhibits the development of prostate adenocarcinoma in Ptenp−/− mice, which involves inhibition of proliferation and angiogenesis and promotion of apoptosis.

Prevention Relevance:
We demonstrated that δ-tocotrienol is the most active vitamin E form in inhibiting the growth of several prostate cancer cell lines. In transgenic Ptenp−/− mice, δ-tocotrienol inhibited the formation of prostate cancer. This result would encourage and help design clinical studies for the application of δ-tocotrienol for prostate cancer prevention.
Safety attitudes, burnout and well-being among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Indo-Pacific regional cross-sectional study
Authors: Kanneganti Abhiram , Tan Benjamin Yong Qiang , Nik Ab Rahman Nik Hisamuddin , Leow Aloysius Sheng-Ting , Denning Max , Goh Ee Teng , Lim Lucas Jun Hao , Sia Ching-Hui , Chua Ying Xian , Kinross James , Tan Melanie , Tan Li Feng , Wan Yi Min , Sharma Arvind , Danuaji Rivan , Komal Kumar RN , Sheng Chew Keng , Kheng Cheah Phee , Abdul Karim Sarah Shaikh , Abdul Ghani Mohd Najib , Mahmud Suhaimi , Chan Yiong Huak , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Sim Kang , Ooi Shirley Beng Suat 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an unprecedented impact in Asia and has placed significant burden on already stretched healthcare systems. We examined the impact of COVID-19 on the safety attitudes among healthcare workers (HCWs), as well as their associated demographic and occupational factors, and measures of burnout, depression and anxiety.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey study utilising snowball sampling was performed involving doctors, nurses and allied health professions from 23 hospitals in Singapore, Malaysia, India and Indonesia between 29 May 2020 and 13 July 2020. This survey collated demographic data and workplace conditions and included three validated questionnaires: the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We performed multivariate mixed-model regression to assess independent associations with the SAQ total percentage agree rate (PAR).

Results:
We obtained 3,163 responses. The SAQ total PARs were found to be 35.7%, 15.0%, 51.0% and 3.3% among the respondents from Singapore, Malaysia, India and Indonesia, respectively. Burnout scores were highest among respondents from Indonesia and lowest among respondents from India (70.9%–85.4% vs. 56.3%–63.6%, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that meeting burnout and depression thresholds and shifts lasting ≥12 h were significantly associated with lower SAQ total PAR.

Conclusion:
Addressing the factors contributing to high burnout and depression and placing strict limits on work hours per shift may contribute significantly towards improving safety culture among HCWs and should remain priorities during the pandemic.
Frailty prevalence and its associations in a subacute geriatric ward in Singapore
Authors: Chen Christine Yuanxin , Chandran Thulasi , Barrera Vivian Cantiller , Tan-Pantanao Rachelle Tumbokon , Quicho Tanya Joy Zapata , Thant Zin Tun , Goh Kiat Sern 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Our aim was to study the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors in a subacute geriatric ward.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of 167 participants between June 2018 and June 2019. Baseline demographics and participants’ Mini Nutritional Assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Charlson’s Comorbidity Index and LACE index scores were obtained. Functional measurements such as modified Barthel’s Index scores and hand grip strength (HGS) were taken. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and the FRAIL scale. Data on history of healthcare utilisation, medications, length of stay, selected blood investigations and presence of geriatric syndromes were also collected.

Results:
The prevalence of pre-frailty (CFS 4) and frailty (CFS ≥ 5) was 16.2% and 63.4%, respectively. There were significant associations between CFS and age (pre-frail vs. non-frail: odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.25, P = 0.006; frail vs. non-frail: OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, P = 0.021), HGS at discharge (frail vs. non-frail: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.99, P = 0.025), serum albumin (frail vs. non-frail: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.99, P = 0.035) and the presence of urinary incontinence (frail vs. non-frail: OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.19–7.77, P = 0.021).

Conclusion:
Frailty is highly prevalent in the subacute geriatric setting and has many associated factors. In this study, independent factors associated with frailty were age, HGS at discharge, serum albumin and urinary incontinence. This has implications for future resource allocation for frail older inpatients and may help direct further research to study the effectiveness of frailty-targeted interventions.
The Effects of Religiosity on Depression Trajectories After Widowhood
Authors: Hawes Frances M. , Tavares Jane L. , Ronneberg Corina R. , Miller Edward Alan 
Published: February 2022

This longitudinal study analyzed data from the 2006–2016 waves of the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Trajectories of depression among older adults ≥ 50 years ( N = 1254) were examined over time to explore patterns of depression among those entering widowhood and the potential impact of religiosity on depressive symptoms during various stages of widowhood. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis was used to examine the association between widowhood and depression and the role of religiosity as a moderator of this association. Older adults experienced a statistically significant increase in depressive symptomology after the onset of widowhood, and depressive symptomology decreased post widowhood, but did not return to pre-widowhood levels. Additionally, high religious service attendance and higher intrinsic religiosity were both associated with lower depressive symptomology. High religious service attendance moderated the relationship between widowhood and depression among widowed older adults living alone.
Clinical and Radiographic Differentiation of Pediatric Patellar Sleeve Fractures and Other Inferior Pole Pathologies
Authors: Devana Sai K. , Trivellas Andromahi , Bennett Abbie , Jackson Nicholas , Beck Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Inferior pole patellar sleeve fractures (PSFs) are rare injuries that occur in skeletally immature patients that may be missed or falsely diagnosed as an inferior pole fracture (IPF) or Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome (SLJS). Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare clinical and radiographic features of patients with PSF, IPF, and SLJS. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Retrospective review of skeletally immature patients diagnosed with PSF, IPF, and SLJS between 2011 and 2019 at a single urban academic center was performed. Chart and radiographic review was completed. Between-group differences were assessed using analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Fisher exact test, as appropriate to variable distributions. Results: In total, 125 patients (82% male) were included, with a mean (SD) age of 10.7 (2) years (16 PSF, 51 IPF, 58 SLJS). There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the 3 groups. One hundred percent of the patients with PSF ( P < .001) and IPF ( P < .001) had acute trauma, compared with 24% of patients with SLJS. Fewer patients with PSF had an intact straight leg raise (38%) compared with those with IPF (94%; P < .001) and SLJS (98%; P < .001). Fewer patients with SLJS had knee swelling (41%) compared with those with PSF (93%; P < .001) and IPF (94%; P < .001). More patients with PSF had knee effusion (81%) compared with those with IPF (37%; P = 0.011) and SLJS (3%; P < .001). More patients with SLJS were able to bear weight (88%) compared with those with IPF (12%; P < .001) and PSF (0; P < .001). Radiographically, compared with those with IPF and SLJS, patients with PSFs had increased mean prepatellar swelling (6.1 [ P < .001] and 6.5 [ P < .001] vs 12.9 mm), intra-articular effusion (6.1 [ P = .014] and 4.9 [ P = .001] vs 9.2 mm), maximum fragment size (26 [ P = .004] and 17.7 [ P < .001] vs 45.3 mm), and maximum fragment displacement (1.24 [ P = .002] and 1.45 [ P = .003] vs 13.30 mm), respectively. Compared with those with SLJS (1.10), patients with PSF (1.92; P < .001) and IPF (1.22; P < .001) had patella alta with higher mean Insall-Salvati ratios >1.2. Conclusion: Differences in clinical features such as ability to straight leg raise, knee swelling, knee effusion, ability to bear weight, and radiographic features, such as prepatellar swelling, intra-articular effusion, fragment displacement/size/shape/location, and patellar height, can all be helpful in recognizing rare pediatric inferior patellar pathology, thus increasing efficiency in indicating for higher-level imaging to reach a prompt diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment.
Initiation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for cardiogenic shock during out of hours versus working hours is not associated with increased mortality
Authors: van der Wal PS , Kraaijeveld AO , van der Heijden JJ , van Laake LW , Platenkamp M , de Heer LM , Braithwaite SA , van Eijk MMJ , Hermens JAJ , Cremer OL , Donker DW , Meuwese CL 
Published: February 2022

Background: Initiation of veno-arterial (VA) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator (ECMO) is associated with severe complications. It is unknown whether these adverse consequences occur more often after initiations during out of hours service compared to working hours. Methods: All patients receiving VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock between 2009 and 2020 were categorized into a working hours group (between 8 am and 5 pm on weekdays) and an out of hours service group (between 5 pm and 8 am, or between Friday 5 pm and Monday 8 am). Primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included vascular complications (including limb ischemia and/or bleeding), bloodstream infections and length of ICU stay. Propensity scores were used to adjust for potential confounding effects. Results: Among 250 patients (median (IQR) age 56 (42–64) years) receiving VA-ECMO (median duration 3.5 (1.0–9.0) days), 160 (64%) runs were initiated between 5 pm and 8 am whereas the remainder (36%) started during working hours. Characteristic did not differ between the working hours- and out of hours-group. By day 30, 37 (41.1%), and 68 (42.5%) patients in either group had died, respectively ( p = 0.831). VA-ECMO support duration and length of stay on the ICU did not differ significantly in both crude and adjusted analyses. More complications occurred during out of hours service ( p = 0.039). Conclusions: Out of hours- versus working hours-initiation of VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock was not associated with higher mortality, longer VA-ECMO support duration, or longer length of stay on the intensive care. Vascular complications were more common in the out of hours group.
Reliability of an Ion-Selective Electrode as a Simple Diagnostic Tool for Mastitis
Authors: Furukawa Kazuna , Mizuno Katsumi , Azuma Minami , Yoshida Yurika , Den Hiroki , Iyoda Masayuki , Nagao Saeko , Tsujimori Yuta 
Published: February 2022

Background: Developing a simple quantitative tool for mastitis diagnosis is essential. The Ion-Selective Electrode for sodium has been reported to reliably measure sodium concentrations in human milk. Research Aim: To determine whether an Ion-Selective Electrode measurement of sodium:potassium ratios could serve as a diagnostic tool for mastitis and, if so, to determine the diagnostic cut-off value. Methods: A total of 107 milk samples, including 55 from milk bank donors and 52 from participants with mastitis, were studied. The sodium:potassium ratios were determined in 33 samples (without mastitis n = 15; with mastitis n = 18) by the Ion-Selective Electrode and ion chromatography. The remaining 74 samples (donor milk n = 40; participants with mastitis n = 34) were analyzed by Ion-Selective Electrode only. Values were averaged over three measurements for each method. Results: The median postpartum months of donors and participants with mastitis were 2 and 3 months, respectively. The mean ( SD) sodium:potassium ratios without and with mastitis were 0.5 (0.1) and 1.7 (1.2), respectively. A positive correlation existed between sodium:potassium ratios obtained from the two methods ( r = 0.98). Area under the curve values were 0.951 (95% CI [0.904, 0.986]) for the Ion-Selective Electrode ( N = 107) and 0.978 (95% CI [0.926, 1.000]) for the ion chromatography ( n = 33) methods. The optimal cut-off value for the Ion-Selective Electrode method was 0.60, with 86.5% sensitivity and 92.7% specificity. Conclusions: The Ion-Selective Electrode was sufficiently accurate for the diagnosis of mastitis. Cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between sodium:potassium ratios and clinical outcomes.
Recovery of renal function after early versus late switching of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in people living with HIV with renal insufficiency
Authors: Suppadungsuk Supawadee , Janepiriyaprayoon Purim , Sungkanuparph Somnuek 
Published: February 2022

Background Although many guidelines recommend switching tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to other antiretroviral agents if there is a progressive decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) not explained by other causes, a definite cut-point of the eGFR for TDF switching is not known. Methods A cohort study was conducted among people living with HIV (PLHIV) who switched from TDF to other agents due to declined eGFR. Participants were categorized according to the eGFR at TDF switching: early-switch (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and late-switch (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) groups. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with complete recovery of renal function. Results Of 141 participants, mean age was 54.2 ± 12.2 years and 74.5% were male. Median duration of TDF use was 5.2 years. Mean eGFR at the time of TDF switching was 72.4 ± 13.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the early-switch group and 47.0 ± 14.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the late-switch group. Six months after TDF switching, mean eGFR significantly increased to 84.2 ± 13.5 ( p = .001) and 58.5 ± 13.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 ( p < .001) in early-switch and late-switch groups, respectively. At 12 months after TDF switching, 44.4% of participants in early-switch group and 2.3% of participants in late-switch group had eGFR recovery to ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 ( p < .001). Multivariate analysis showed that only early switching (vs late switching) of TDF was associated with complete recovery of renal function at 12 months after TDF switching [OR, 7.542; 95% CI, 2.441–11.119; p = .028]. Conclusions In PLHIV with TDF-associated renal insufficiency, eGFR significantly recovers after switching TDF to other agents. Early TDF switching has a higher chance of complete recovery of renal function.