bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work intensity and workers’ sleep: A case of working Australians
Authors: Lyons Sai , Strazdins Lyndall , Doan Tinh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExperiencing poor sleep quality affects an individual’s health and wellbeing. Sleep quality is well evidenced to be influenced by work conditions such as long work hours, work stress and shift work, but there is little evidence on the relationship between high work intensity and sleep quality. Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey waves 2013 and 2017, this study applies lagged models to investigate whether experiencing poor sleep, a derived comprehensive measure of sleep quality, is associated with work intensity. This study uses a nationally representative sample of 13,661 working Australian individuals aged 25–64 and finds a strong positive association between work intensity and sleep quality, with an individual’s sleep quality worsening as their work intensity increased. The association between work intensity and sleep quality is even stronger than that between long work hours and sleep quality. This suggests a potential benefit for the development and implementation of workplace policies that seek to reduce work intensity. Doing so could help address challenges surrounding sleep in Australia and lead to better work and health outcomes for individuals, workplaces and broader society.
3D NAND flash memory based on junction-less a-Si:H channel with high on/off current ratio
Authors: Yu Xinyue , Ma Zhongyuan , Leng Kangmin , Chen Tong , Li Wei , Chen Kunji , Xu Jun , Xu Ling 
Published: October 2022

As the key hardware unit of computing in memory, 3D NAND flash memory has been the focus of the artificial intelligence (AI) era due to its high efficiency in processing massive and diverse data, which is superior to the conventional von-Neumann architecture. To push the realization of computing in a memory chip, 3D flash memory with a large on/off current ratio and simple fabrication technology is highly demanded. Here, we first report that 3D NAND flash memory with a high on/off current ratio can be obtained by tuning the width of the a-Si:H channel without a junction. Compared with the traditional 3D NAND flash memory consisting of a polysilicon channel, the junctionless a-Si:H channel can be obtained at low temperature without doping, which can reduce the difficulty induced by the diffusion and the distribution of the doping atoms. Only by tuning the width of the junctionless a-Si:H channel from 0.3 to 0.2 μm, the on/off current ratio increases from 102 to 106. The analysis of ESR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that the positive charge induced by the Si dangling bonds in the narrower a-Si:H channel results in the formation of a thicker depletion layer, which is beneficial to efficiently control the negative charge in the a-Si:H channel. The strong coupling of the thinner charge layer and the electric field of gate bias is the origin of the high on/off current ratio from the narrower a-Si:H channel. Our successful fabrication of 3D NAND flash memory based on the junctionless a-Si:H channel with a high on/off current ratio provides a new way to construct a hardware unit for computing in-memory.
Long range correlation of molecular orientation and vibration in liquid CDCl3
Authors: Shelton David P. 
Published: October 2022

The polarization dependence of hyper-Rayleigh second harmonic light scattering (SHS) and hyper-Raman light scattering (HRS) measured for liquid CDCl3 show the effect of long-range correlation of molecular orientation and vibration. HRS from the ν1, ν4, and ν5 vibration modes is polarized transverse to the scattering wavevector, whereas HRS from the ν2, ν3, and ν6 vibration modes and SHS from the ν0 orientation mode all show longitudinal polarization. The transverse polarized HRS is accounted for by long range vibration correlation due to dipole–dipole interaction for molecules at 20–400 nm separation. Longitudinal SHS and HRS are due to the combined effect of long range dipole–dipole orientation correlation and the increment in the molecular first hyperpolarizability induced by short range intermolecular interactions.
The importance of conserving crop wild relatives in preparing agriculture for climate change
Authors: Cockel Christopher P. , Guzzon Filippo , Gianella Maraeva , Müller Jonas V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Climate change is widely acknowledged to have severe implications for global food production and therefore food security. Utilising crop wild relatives (CWR) to help build resilience in domesticated crops is seen as part of the solution assuming that important genetic traits can be transferred to domesticated crops and that the resulting improved crop varieties can be farmed on a sufficiently large scale. CWR can be exploited as a valuable source of alleles related to adaptive traits to counter abiotic and biotic stresses resulting from climate change, and to improve yield and nutrition. This review aims to critically analyse the degree to which CWR have been utilised by crop breeders and researchers and will draw conclusions about the importance of CWR in preparing agriculture for climate change. Examples for CWR-derived improved varieties of nine major crops and at different plant development stages are presented. However, working with CWR is often seen as ‘marginal’. It is problematic due to the complex processes involved and length of time needed for traditional crop breeding, shortage of funds, the limited availability of CWR germplasm, overcoming risk aversion among farmers, and a reluctance by the wider agricultural community to appreciate the scale of the problem and to embrace the potential benefits that could derive from using CWR in crop breeding. Given the observed lack of availability of CWR in accessible germplasm collections, additional resources must be directed towards ensuring CWR are protected
in situ
and conserved
ex situ
so they can be made available to researchers.
Smart Farming: A Review of Animal-Based Measuring Technologies for Broiler Welfare Assessment
Authors: Azarpajouh S. , Weimer S.L. , Calderón Díaz J.A. , Taheri H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The growing world population has increased the demand for meat production and has led to a rapid growth in the scale of broiler enterprises globally. Poultry producers need to implement several changes in their production systems to supply the increasing demand for poultry products while considering farming sustainability and ensuring high standards of animal welfare. The recent advancement in technology and engineering tools and materials, such as advanced sensors and sensing devices, data processing, and machine learning methods, provides effective tools for the broiler industry to monitor broiler welfare indicators. This review paper will (a) explain smart broiler farming, (b) describe on-farm broiler welfare assessment, and (c) explore on-farm applications of smart technologies that can be used as animal-based welfare assessment tools.
Review of natural sugar substitutes and comparing their potential impacts on obesity issue
Authors: Li Jiao , Chen Taiyan , Zeng Yan , Yang Jiangang , Men Yan , Sun Yuanxia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The excessive dietary consumption of sugars is currently one of the key factors that have been associated with the development of the global obesity pandemic. To avoid high sugar intake, alternative sweeteners are of increasing interest and play an important role in food and beverage industry. Among sweeteners, natural sugar substitutes, which possess low/no calorie or intense sweetness, and various biological activities, provide ideal alternatives to caloric sugars such as sucrose and high fructose corn syrup. Therefore, this review focuses on several representative natural sweeteners: low-calorie carbohydrates (e.g., erythritol,
l
-arabinose,
d
-allulose, and
d
-tagatose) and high-potency sweet-tasting compounds (e.g., steviol glycosides, mogrosides, glycyrrhizin, and thaumatin). A comprehensive review of sugar substitutes is presented, including their characteristics and practical applications as well as a discussion on their effect on the obesity issue and emerging technologies that offer an alternative biosynthesis pathway to the traditional extraction method.
Deep reinforcement learning and its applications in medical imaging and radiation therapy: a survey
Authors: Xu Lanyu , Zhu Simeng , Wen Ning 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Reinforcement learning takes sequential decision-making approaches by learning the policy through trial and error based on interaction with the environment. Combining deep learning and reinforcement learning can empower the agent to learn the interactions and the distribution of rewards from state-action pairs to achieve effective and efficient solutions in more complex and dynamic environments. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has demonstrated astonishing performance in surpassing the human-level performance in the game domain and many other simulated environments. This paper introduces the basics of reinforcement learning and reviews various categories of DRL algorithms and DRL models developed for medical image analysis and radiation treatment planning optimization. We will also discuss the current challenges of DRL and approaches proposed to make DRL more generalizable and robust in a real-world environment. DRL algorithms, by fostering the designs of the reward function, agents interactions and environment models, can resolve the challenges from scarce and heterogeneous annotated medical image data, which has been a major obstacle to implementing deep learning models in the clinic. DRL is an active research area with enormous potential to improve deep learning applications in medical imaging and radiation therapy planning.
On the nature of droplet production in DC glows with a liquid anode: mechanisms and potential applications
Authors: Yang Zimu , Kovach Yao , Wang Zhehui , Foster John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The interactions between plasma and liquid solutions give rise to the formation of chemically reactive species useful for many applications, but the mass transport in the interfacial region is usually limited and not fully understood. In this work, we report on the observation and explanation of droplet ejection at the plasma–liquid interface of a one-atmosphere glow discharge with the liquid anode. The impact of droplets emission on plasma properties is also analyzed by spectroscopy. The process, which is an efficient mass and charge transport mechanism, apparently occurs during discharge operation and thus constitutes a feedback vehicle between the discharge and the liquid. Distinctive from the well-known Talyor cone droplets associated with liquid cathodes, the observed droplets originate from the bubbles due to electrolysis and solvated air which does not require strong electric field at liquid surface. Instead, the droplets are ejected by bubble cavity rupture at the plasma–liquid interface and their size, initial speed are strongly dependent on the gravity, inertia and capillarity. The droplets emerge near the plasma attachment and are subsequently vaporized, emitting intense UV and visible light, which originated from excited OH radicals and sodium derived from the liquid electrolyte. Spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the bursting droplets generally reduce the gas temperature while their effects on electron density depend on the composition of the liquid anode. Results also show that droplets from NaCl solution increase the plasma electron density due to the lower ionization potential of sodium. These findings reveal a new mechanism for discharge maintenance and mass transport as well as suggest a simple approach to dispersing plasma-activated liquid into the gas phase and thus enhancing plasma–liquid interaction.
Chemical composition of gaseous products generated by coplanar barrier discharge in air and N2/O2 mixtures
Authors: Trunec D , Navrátil Z , Tomeková J , Mazánková V , Ďurčányová S , Zahoranová A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Absolute densities of gaseous products generated by coplanar dielectric barrier discharge in N2/O2 mixtures and in ambient air were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A theoretical model containing up to four molecular absorption cross sections was used to split the peaks overlapping in the FTIR spectra. The product densities were determined for a wide range of applied input powers (100–400 W). Ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (N2O, NO, NO2 and N2O5) were identified as the stable products of the discharge in N2/O2 mixtures, HNO2, HNO3 and CO2 were steadily present in the gas coming from the discharge in ambient air. It was found that the actual product composition strongly depends on the gas temperature. At low input power with the low gas temperature, O3 density was high and the NO and NO2 densities were very low. At a specific input power (and the gas temperature) O3 disappeared, while NO density started to increase gradually and NO2 density increased steeply. N2O5 density increased at low input power but decreased suddenly at the same temperature when O3 density decreased. The influence of the gas temperature on the discharge product composition was also confirmed by the 0D chemical kinetic model and by temperature measurement. The maximal ozone density reached approximately 2.7 × 1023 m−3 for the input power below 150 W and the gas mixture N2:O2 40:60. Density of 2.6 × 1022 m−3 was obtained for NO2 in the same gas mixture above 250 W.
Unsupervised learning of Rydberg atom array phase diagram with Siamese neural networks
Authors: Patel Zakaria , Merali Ejaaz , Wetzel Sebastian J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We introduce an unsupervised machine learning method based on Siamese neural networks (SNNs) to detect phase boundaries. This method is applied to Monte-Carlo simulations of Ising-type systems and Rydberg atom arrays. In both cases the SNN reveals phase boundaries consistent with prior research. The combination of leveraging the power of feed-forward neural networks, unsupervised learning and the ability to learn about multiple phases without knowing about their existence provides a powerful method to explore new and unknown phases of matter.
Effect of A-site Gd3+ substitution on structural, optical and electrical properties of La2−xGdxCrMnO6 double perovskites
Authors: Khan Jamshaid Alam , Ahmad Javed , Bukhari Syed Hamad , Nissar Umair 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nanocrystalline new double perovskites La2-xGdxCrMnO6 (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) have been prepared by employing auto-combustion sol-gel method. Herein, we investigate the influence of Gd3+ on structural, optical and transport properties of La2CrMnO6. The Rietveld refinement reveals that the said materials crystallize in orthorhombic structure with Pbnm space group symmetry. The vibrational phonon modes have been examined using the infrared reflectance technique and were fitted using the Lorentz oscillator model. The spectra contain various IR active phonon modes. The position and width of these modes were determined and correlated with ionic substitution at the A-site. The optical conductivity shows the semiconducting nature of the series. The Raman spectra with active modes were also studied in connection with substitution. The optical bandgap varies from (1.62–1.67 eV) which has been estimated from diffuse reflectance spectra and found to increase with substitution whereas the Urbach energy decreases with increasing Gd3+ content. A significant change has been observed in resistive response and the resistivity vary from

1.8

*

10

5

Ω
−
cm

to

(
3.5

*

10

3

Ω
−
cm
)
.

The crossover behaviour at ∼

400
K

from variable range hopping to small polaron hopping has been observed.
Molecular dynamics simulations of Mo nanoparticles sputtering under irradiation
Authors: Panetier C , Ruiz-Moreno A , Rossi F , Roubille T , Zerovnik G , Plompen A , Moncoffre N , Pipon Y 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

99Mo is an essential isotope in nuclear medicine, but the nuclear reactors used for their production reaching their end of life, problems of supply arise and new methods of production need to be considered. Here we study the possibility of using gamma and neutron irradiation of Mo nanoparticles (NPs) in suspension and use the separation of the isotopes escaping the nanoparticle by primary recoil to evaluate the efficiency of the process for 99Mo production. Molecular Dynamics simulations with empirical potential of Ackland and Thetford were used to obtain information about the 99Mo escape yield from the NPs and the resulting sputtering depending on NPs sizes and recoil energy. Results show that the best yield is obtained for 5 nm NPs irradiated with gamma particles. These results are used to guide accelerator irradiation experiments led in parallel in order to evaluate the possibility of using accelerators instead of nuclear reactors for the production of 99Mo.
Novel biosensors based on Weyl semimetals
Authors: Oskoui Abdol Somayeh , Abdollahipour Babak 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We introduce two novel optical biosensors based on the combination of a Weyl semimetal and a finite one-dimensional photonic crystal to diagnose different analytes such as Jurkat cancer cells. Weyl semimetals are new emerging topological materials recently purposed for employment in optical devices due to their intriguing properties. We demonstrate that hybrid Tamm and surface plasmon polaritons can be excited in these structures under the circumstance of attenuated total reflection. In particular, we find that adjusting parameters of the first biosensor to excite Tamm plasmon polaritons leads to higher sensing performance, while in the second biosensor excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons provides higher functionality of this biosensor. According to our results, biosensors based on the Weyl semimetals can be used for sensitive and accurate recognition of different analytes, and they may form a new platform for high-performance biosensors.
Low redshift calibration of the Amati relation using galaxy clusters
Authors: Govindaraj Gowri , Desai Shantanu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, we use the angular diameter distances of 38 galaxy clusters with joint X-ray/SZE observation to circumvent the circularity problem in the Amati relation for Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). Assuming the validity of cosmic-distance duality relation, we obtain the luminosity distance from the cluster angular diameter distance and use that to calculate the isotropic equivalent energy of two different GRB datasets, after restricting the GRB redshift range toz< 0.9. We then use these GRB datasets to test the Amati relation at the low redshifts using the galaxy cluster distances. Our best-fit Amati relation parameters are consistent with a previous estimate for the same dataset. The intrinsic scatter which we obtain for the two datasets is about 45% and 15%, and is comparable with that found by other distance anchors used to study the Amati relation.
Consistency test of the fine-structure constant from the whole ionization history
Authors: Wang Ke , Chen Lu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In cosmology, the fine-structure constant can affect the whole ionization history. However, the previous works confine themselves to the recombination epoch and give various strong constraints on the fine-structure constant. In this paper, we also take the reionization epoch into consideration and do a consistency test of the fine-structure constant from the whole ionization history.
From the data combination of Planck 2018, BAO data, SNIa samples, SFR density from UV and IR measurements, and the Q
HII constraints, we find the constraint on the fine-structure constant during the recombination epoch is α
rec/α
EM = 1.001494+0.002041
-0.002063 and its counterpart during the reionization epoch is α
rei/α
EM = 0.854034+0.031678
0.027209 at 68% C.L.. They are not consistent with each other by 4.64σ.
A conservative explanation for such a discrepancy is that there are some issues in the data we used.
We prefer a calibration of some important parameters involved in reconstructing the reionization history.
Statefinder analysis of scale-dependent cosmology
Authors: Alvarez Pedro D. , Koch Benjamin , Laporte Cristobal , Canales Felipe , Rincón Ángel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the statefinder parameters of a cosmological model based on scale-dependent gravity. The effective Einstein field equations come from an average effective action. From the dynamical system, we derive analytical expressions that improve the convergence of the numerical solutions. We determine the statefinder parameters for moderate redshift and compare them with well-known alternatives to ΛCDM.
Infrared LiF ridge waveguide fabricated by carbon ion irradiation
Authors: Cheng Yazhou , Song Hongxiao , Li Shuhui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We report on the fabrication of an optical ridge waveguide in lithium fluoride crystal using the method of C5+ ion irradiation with precise diamond blade dicing. The guiding properties of the waveguide at the infrared wavelengths of 1064 nm, 2200 nm and 4000 nm are investigated in detail. All the near-field modal profiles exhibit single-mode guidance and the minimum propagation losses of the ridge waveguide after annealing are reduced to 0.7 dB cm−1 (λ = 1064 nm), 0.4 dB cm−1 (λ = 2200 nm) and 0.2 dB cm−1 (λ = 4000 nm), respectively. The Raman spectroscopy of the waveguide shows that the ion irradiation does not obviously change the lattice structure of the crystal.
Quantifying visual acuity for pre-clinical testing of visual prostheses
Authors: Spencer Martin , Kameneva Tatiana , Grayden David B , Burkitt Anthony N , Meffin Hamish 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. Visual prostheses currently restore only limited vision. More research and pre-clinical work are required to improve the devices and stimulation strategies that are used to induce neural activity that results in visual perception. Evaluation of candidate strategies and devices requires an objective way to convert measured and modelled patterns of neural activity into a quantitative measure of visual acuity. Approach. This study presents an approach that compares evoked patterns of neural activation with target and reference patterns. A d-prime measure of discriminability determines whether the evoked neural activation pattern is sufficient to discriminate between the target and reference patterns and thus provides a quantified level of visual perception in the clinical Snellen and MAR scales. The magnitude of the resulting value was demonstrated using scaled standardized ‘C’ and ‘E’ optotypes. Main results. The approach was used to assess the visual acuity provided by two alternative stimulation strategies applied to simulated retinal implants with different electrode pitch configurations and differently sized spreads of neural activity. It was found that when there is substantial overlap in neural activity generated by different electrodes, an estimate of acuity based only upon electrode pitch is incorrect; our proposed method gives an accurate result in both circumstances. Significance. Quantification of visual acuity using this approach in pre-clinical development will allow for more rapid and accurate prototyping of improved devices and neural stimulation strategies.