bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding post-core collapse supernova explosion jets with an inflated main sequence companion
Authors: Hober Ofek , Bear Ealeal , Soker Noam 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We simulate the response of a main sequence star to the explosion of a stripped-envelope (type Ib or Ic) core-collapse supernova (CCSN) when the main sequence star orbits the core at a distance of $10 \, \mathrm{R}_\odot$ or $20 \, \mathrm{R}_\odot$ at explosion. We use the stellar evolution code mesa to follow the response of main sequence stars of masses $3 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ and $7\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ to energy deposition and mass removal. The collision of the CCSN ejecta with the main sequence star deposits energy and inflate the main sequence star. If the binary system stays bound after the CCSN explosion, the inflated main sequence star might engulf the newly born neutron star (NS). We assume that the NS accretes mass through an accretion disc and launches jets. The jets remove mass from the inflated main sequence star and collide with the CCSN ejecta. Although this scenario is rare, it adds up to other rare scenarios to further support the notion that many stripped envelope CCSNe are powered by late jets. The late jets can power these CCSNe-I for a long time and might power bumps in their light curve. The jets might also shape the inner ejecta to a bipolar morphology. Our results further support suggestions that there are several ways to feed an NS (or a black hole) to launch the late jets in superluminous supernovae.
Absorption-based circumgalactic medium line emission estimates
Authors: Piacitelli Daniel R , Solhaug Erik , Faerman Yakov , McQuinn Matthew 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Motivated by integral field units (IFUs) on large ground telescopes and proposals for ultraviolet-sensitive space telescopes to probe circumgalactic medium (CGM) emission, we survey the most promising emission lines and how such observations can inform our understanding of the CGM and its relation to galaxy formation. We tie our emission estimates to both HST/COS absorption measurements of ions around z ≈ 0.2 Milky Way mass haloes and models for the density and temperature of gas. We also provide formulas that simplify extending our estimates to other samples and physical scenarios. We find that O iii 5007 Å and N ii 6583 Å, which at fixed ionic column density are primarily sensitive to the thermal pressure of the gas they inhabit, may be detectable with KCWI and especially IFUs on 30 m telescopes out to half a virial radius. O v 630 Å and O vi 1032,1038 Å are perhaps the most promising ultraviolet lines, with models predicting intensities &gt;100 γ cm−2 s−1 sr−1 in the inner 100 kpc of Milky Way-like systems. A detection of O vi would confirm the collisionally ionized picture and constrain the density profile of the CGM. Other ultraviolet metal lines constrain the amount of gas that is actively cooling and mixing. We find that C iii 978 Å and C iv 1548 Å may be detectable if an appreciable fraction of the observed O vi column is associated with mixing or cooling gas. H α emission within $100\,$ kpc of Milky Way-like galaxies is within reach of current IFUs even for the minimum signal from ionizing background fluorescence, while hydrogen n &gt; 2 Ly-series lines are too weak to be detectable.
Radio dichotomy in quasars with H β FWHM greater than 15 000 km s−1
Authors: Chakraborty Avinanda , Bhattacharjee Anirban , Brotherton Michael S , Chatterjee Ritaban , Chatterjee Suchetana , Gilbert Miranda 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
It has been inferred from large unbiased samples that $10$–$15{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of all quasars are radio-loud (RL). Using the quasar catalogue from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we show that the radio-loud fraction (RLF) for high broad line (HBL) quasars, containing H β full width at half-maximum greater than 15 000 km s−1, is $\sim 57 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. While there is no significant difference between the RL and radio-quiet (RQ) populations in our sample in terms of their black hole mass, Eddington ratio, and covering fraction (CF), optical continuum luminosity of the RL quasars are higher. The similarity in the distribution of their CF indicates that our analysis is unbiased in terms of the viewing angle of the HBL RL and RQ quasars. Hence, we conclude that the accretion disc luminosity of the RL quasars in our HBL sample is higher, which indicates a connection between a brighter disc and a more prominent jet. By comparing them with the non-HBL H β broad emission line quasars, we find that the HBL sources have the lowest Eddington ratios in addition to having a very high RLF. That is consistent with the theories of jet formation, in which jets are launched from low Eddington ratio accreting systems. We find that the [O iii] narrow emission line is stronger in the RL compared to RQ quasars in our HBL sample, which is consistent with previous findings in the literature, and may be caused by the interaction of the narrow line gas with the jet.
AGN feedback duty cycle in Planck SZ selected clusters using Chandra observations
Authors: Olivares V , Su Y , Nulsen P , Kraft R , Somboonpanyakul T , Andrade-Santos F , Jones C , Forman W 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic study of X-ray cavities using archival Chandra observations of nearby galaxy clusters selected by their Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) signature in the Planck survey, which provides a nearly unbiased mass-selected sample to explore the entire AGN feedback duty cycle. Based on X-ray image analysis, we report that 30 of the 164 clusters show X-ray cavities, which corresponds to a detection fraction of 18 per cent. After correcting for spatial resolution to match the high-$\mathit{ z}$ SPT-SZ sample, the detection fraction decreases to 9 per cent, consistent with the high-z sample, hinting that the AGN feedback has not evolved across almost 8 Gyrs. Our finding agrees with the lack of evolution of cool-core clusters fraction. We calculate the cavity power, Pcav, and find that most systems of our sample have enough AGN heating to offset the radiative losses of the intracluster medium.
Impacts of Jets and winds from primordial black holes
Authors: Takhistov Volodymyr , Lu Philip , Murase Kohta , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Gelmini Graciela B 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early Universe constitute an attractive candidate for dark matter. Within the gaseous environment of the interstellar medium, PBHs with accretion discs naturally launch outflows such as winds and jets. We discuss for the first time how PBHs with significant spin can sustain powerful relativistic jets and generate associated cocoons. Jets and winds can efficiently deposit their kinetic energies and heat the surrounding gas through shocks. Focusing on the Leo T dwarf galaxy, we demonstrate that these effects form novel tests and set new limits on PBHs over a significant ∼10−2 –106 M⊙ mass range, including the parameter space associated with gravitational wave observations by the LIGO and VIRGO Collaborations. Observing the morphology of emission will allow to distinguish between jet and wind contributions, and hence establishes a new method for identifying spinning PBHs.
Transferability and reproducibility of the EpiSkin™ Micronucleus Assay
Authors: Chen Lizao , Huang Fang , Kei CaiChun , Zhang Jinsong , Sang Jing , Yang Ying , Kuang Rong , Xiong Xikun , Li Qing , Liu Yanfeng , Qin Qin , Zhao E , Alépée Nathalie , Ouedraogo Gladys , Li Nan , Cai Zhenzi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A novel in vitro 3D micronucleus assay was developed in China using the EpiSkin™ 3D human skin model. This EpiSkin™ Micronucleus Assay showed good predictivity and reproducibility during internal validation and is expected to contribute to in vitro genotoxicity testing as a follow-up for positive results from 2D micronucleus assay. Having developed the assay in one laboratory, further work focused on the transferability and inter-laboratory reproducibility in two additional Chinese authority laboratories (Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control). Formal training was provided for both laboratories, which resulted in good transferability based on the results of two positive compounds, such as mitomycin C and vinblastine. Independent experiments were then performed, and inter-laboratory reproducibility was checked using 2-acetylaminofluorene, 5-fluorouracil, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and d-limonene. The dose-responses of the positive control chemical, mitomycin C, were similar to those of the developing laboratory, and all test chemicals were correctly classified by all laboratories. Overall, there was a good transferability as well as intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility of the EpiSkin™ Micronucleus Assay. This study further confirmed the assay’s robustness and provided confidence to enter following validation stages for scientific acceptance.
First multicentric real-life experience with the combination of CCNU and temozolomide in newly diagnosed MGMT promoter methylated IDH wildtype glioblastoma
Authors: Lazaridis Lazaros , Bumes Elisabeth , Cäcilia Spille Dorothee , Schulz Tim , Heider Sina , Agkatsev Sarina , Schmidt Teresa , Blau Tobias , Oster Christoph , Feldheim Jonas , Stummer Walter , Kessler Almuth Friederike , Seidel Clemens , Grauer Oliver , Hau Peter , Sure Ulrich , Keyvani Kathy , Herrlinger Ulrich , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Stuschke Martin , Herrmann Ken , Deuschl Cornelius , Breuer Stella , Hattingen Elke , Scheffler Björn , Kebir Sied , Glas Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The randomized phase 3 CeTeG/NOA-09 trial assessed whether CCNU plus temozolomide was superior to temozolomide alone in newly diagnosed MGMT promoter methylated glioblastoma patients. Survival was significantly improved from 31.4 months (temozolomide) to 48.1 months (CCNU plus temozolomide). In view of this encouraging data, we assessed safety and efficacy of this regimen under real-life conditions.

Methods
We retrospectively collected clinical and radiographic data from adult newly diagnosed MGMT promoter methylated IDH wildtype glioblastoma patients from five neuro-oncology centers in Germany. For inclusion in our analysis, treatment with CCNU and temozolomide had to be performed for at least six weeks (one course).

Results
Seventy patients were included. Median progression-free survival was 14.4 months and median overall survival 33.8 months. Patients with TTFields treatment for at least 8 weeks and CCNU plus temozolomide (n = 22, 31%) had a prolonged progression-free survival compared to those with TTFields treatment for less than eight weeks (n = 48, 69%) (21.5 versus 11.2 months; P = .0105). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, TTFields treatment for eight weeks or longer together with CCNU plus temozolomide and a Karnofsky performance score ≥ 90% were independent prognostic factors for progression-free and overall survival. Pseudoprogression occurred in n = 16 (33%) of investigated n = 49 (70%) patients. In n = 31 (44%) patients high-grade hematotoxicity was observed.

Conclusions
The results from this multicentric trial indicate that—under real-life conditions—toxicity and survival estimates are comparable to the CeTeG/NOA-09 trial. TTFields therapy for at least eight weeks in combination with this regimen was independently associated with prolonged survival.
Synthesis of pyrimidines from dinitrogen and carbon
Authors: Shi Xianghui , Wang Qianru , Qin Chao , Wu Li-Jun , Chen Yuanjin , Wang Gao-Xiang , Cai Yongli , Gao Wenbo , He Teng , Wei Junnian , Guo Jianping , Chen Ping , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The element nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds are vital to life. The synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds using dinitrogen as the nitrogen source, not through ammonia, is of great interest and great value but remains a grand challenge. Herein, we describe a strategy to realize this transformation by combining the heterogeneous approach with the homogeneous methodology. The N2 molecule was first fixed with carbon and LiH through a one-pot heterogeneous process, forming Li2CN2 as an ‘activated’ nitrogen source with high efficiency. Then subsequent homogeneous treatments of Li2CN2 to construct the organic synthon carbodiimide and the RNA/DNA building block pyrimidines were fulfilled. By using 15N2 as the feedstock, their corresponding 15N-labeled carbodiimide and pyrimidines were readily obtained. This homogeneous–heterogeneous synergy strategy will open a new chapter for N2 transformation.
Transforming forced displacement response through innovation
Authors: Gordon Grant , Gurumurthy Ravi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With more individuals forcibly displaced than any time since the Second World War, forced displacement has emerged as one of the defining political and humanitarian issues of the twenty-first century. In response to the changing nature of displacement, shortcomings of the humanitarian sector, and several ideological shifts that have taken place over the past 20 years, innovation has been embraced as a method to generate new breakthrough solutions for forced displacement. This article takes stock of innovation in forced displacement and charts a path forward for innovation in the sector. We articulate a vision for what forced displacement response should look like in 20 years, detailing an innovation agenda at the individual level, country level, and sector level. Grounded in our lessons learned from leading innovation at the International Rescue Committee, a large humanitarian non-governmental organization (NGO), we outline a set of strategies the sector should adopt to increase the quantity and quality of new innovations, improve the mechanisms to identify cost-effective innovations, and enhance the paths to scale for these innovations.
The Syrian refugee life study: first glance
Authors: Stillman Sarah , Rozo Sandra V , Tamim Abdulrazzak , Palmer I Bailey , Smith Emma , Miguel Edward 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents descriptive statistics from the first wave of the Syrian Refugee Life Study (S-RLS), which began in 2020. S-RLS is a longitudinal study that tracks a representative sample of approximately 2,500 registered Syrian refugee households in Jordan. It collects comprehensive data on sociodemographic variables, health and well-being, preferences, social capital, attitudes, and safety and crime perceptions. We use these data to document sociodemographic characteristics of Syrian refugees in Jordan and compare them to representative populations in the 2016 Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS). Our findings point to lags in basic service access, housing quality, and educational attainment for Syrian refugees relative to non-refugees. The impacts of the pandemic may partially explain these disparities. The data also show that most Syrian refugees have not recovered economically after Covid-19 and have larger gender disparities in income, employment, prevalence of child marriage, and gender attitudes than their non-refugee counterparts. Finally, mental health problems were common for Syrian refugees in 2020, with depression indicated among more than 45 per cent of the phone survey sample and 61 per cent of the in-person survey sample.
Labour market and redistributive consequences of the Syrian refugees in Turkey
Authors: Loayza Norman , Ulyssea Gabriel , Utsumi Tomoko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper analyses the labour market effects and redistributive consequences among natives of the arrival of the Syrian refugees in Turkey. For that, we use the quantitative spatial model developed in Loayza et al. (2021), in which low- and high-skill workers can choose where to live/work and firms within each region can choose to operate in the formal or informal sectors and, if formal, whether to hire their workers formally or not. We use the estimated model to quantify the effects of the ‘refugee shock’ on informality, wages, profits, and tax revenues across regions and the country as a whole. We show that informality increases among low-skill but decreases among high-skill workers and the skill premium increases. Wages of low-skill workers decline substantially in the most affected regions, but tax revenues and profits per worker increase. Redistributing tax revenues can substantially reduce low-skill workers’ losses in most affected areas. In addition, redistributing profits can completely revert both low- and high-skill workers’ losses, even in the most affected regions.
Libel in the Provinces: Disinformation and ‘Disreputation’ in Early Modern England
Authors: Egan Clare 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
By the early modern period, libelling a private individual had been legally redefined and was being tried at the court of Star Chamber, alongside cases relating to the monarch or government. This brought the ruination of individual reputations by spreading false rumours into the same realm as the circulation of nationally significant false news. Private libels typically took the form of verses, impersonations, mock ceremonies or visual symbols that were read, sung, posted, and published; they exploited the defamatory potential of fictional reconstructions of local disputes in order to exacerbate conflicts within provincial communities. This chapter argues that private libels provide evidence for a novel multimedia practice of circulating disinformation that blended fact and fiction amongst the social networks of early modern England. It examines two cases, one centred upon a libellous verse and the other on mock proclamations, to establish the significance of literary and performance techniques in libellous disinformation. The chapter also explores the significance of ‘disreputation’ for the categories of private and public. It argues that private libels were a crucial feature of the social backdrop to established forms of oral, print and manuscript communication, which impacted upon common perceptions of trustworthiness of information and public official figures.
Conflicting Narratives: Health (Dis)information in Eighteenth-Century Italy
Authors: Delogu Giulia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes a series of interconnected Italian cases in its enquiry into how disinformation was created, and how it impacted on society. It argues that disinformation is an inherent element of information itself. Disinformation is understood here as an intentional construction of fictional and often conflicting narratives, helpful in times of crisis and also in routine governance in the pursuit of political goals both internally and internationally. Since health matters figured prominently in early modern public discourse and policy making, the article focuses on health-related cases to explain how disinformation worked and may still work today.
During the eighteenth century, smallpox raged throughout the world. News of new outbreaks, and attempts to prevent it through inoculation, both sparked huge controversy, in which no participant in the dispute was above manipulating data and fabricating stories to bolster their arguments. After having laid out the context of early modern perceptions of diseases and health institutions, the chapter centres on specific instances: a successful text with Tuscan roots published in Milan by Giovanni Calvi (Tre consulti, 1762), and the port city of Livorno’s management of information about epidemics. The analysis of focal points such as port cities, along with the study of textual sources reveals the entire information chain (construction, circulation and reception). Ultimately the essay points out how disinformation itself is not an exception in the eighteenth-century media ecosystem, but is rather an essential part of interaction within public spaces.
Inhibitory effect of lanosterol on cataractous lens of cynomolgus monkeys using a subconjunctival drug release system
Authors: Zhang Keke , He Wenwen , Du Yu , Zhou Yugui , Wu Xiaokang , Zhu Jie , Zhu Xiangjia , Zhang Kang , Lu Yi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
To evaluate the effect of lanosterol on cataractous lens of cynomolgus monkeys using a subconjunctival drug release system.

Methods
Nine elder cynomolgus monkeys were used, consisting of three monkeys without cataract as controls, three monkeys with naturally occurring cortical cataract, and three monkeys with nuclear cataract as intervention groups. Nanoparticulated thermogel with lanosterol and fluorescein was administered by subconjunctival injection in the monkeys with cataract. Fluorescence changes of injected thermogel and cataract progression were observed. Lanosterol concentration in aqueous humor, solubility changes in lens proteins, and oxidative stress levels were analyzed in the lenses of the control and intervention groups.

Results
Injected thermogel showed decreased fluorescence during follow up. Lanosterol concentration in aqueous humor increased in the first 2 weeks and then gradually decreased, which was in accordance with the changes in cortical lens clarity. However, lenses with nuclear opacification showed little change. In the cortical region of lenses with cortical cataract, solubility of α-crystallin was significantly increased after administration of lanosterol, as well as the reduction of oxidative stress.

Conclusions
We demonstrated the effect of lanosterol on cataract progression based on in vivo models of primates. Lanosterol showed a short-term and reliable reversal effect on reducing cataract severity in cortical cataract in the early stages, possibly due to the increase in the solubility of lens proteins and changes in the oxidative stress status. Lanosterol administration using subconjunctival drug release system could be a promising nonsurgical approach for future clinical studies of cataract prevention and treatment.
Auxin and abscisic acid antagonistically regulate ascorbic acid production via the SlMAPK8–SlARF4–SlMYB11 module in tomato
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhang Qiongdan , Gao Xueli , Wu Guanle , Wu Mengbo , Yuan Yujin , Zheng Xianzhe , Gong Zehao , Hu Xiaowei , Gong Min , Qi Tiancheng , Li Honghai , Luo Zisheng , Li Zhengguo , Deng Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is a multifunctional phytonutrient that is essential for the human diet as well as plant development. While much is known about AsA biosynthesis in plants, how this process is regulated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits remains unclear. Here, we found that auxin treatment inhibited AsA accumulation in the leaves and pericarps of tomato. The auxin response factor gene SlARF4 is induced by auxin to mediate auxin-induced inhibition of AsA accumulation. Specifically, SlARF4 transcriptionally inhibits the transcription factor gene SlMYB11, thereby modulating AsA accumulation by regulating the transcription of the AsA biosynthesis genes l-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase, l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, and dehydroascorbate. By contrast, abscisic acid (ABA) treatment increased AsA accumulation in tomato under drought stress. ABA induced the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene SlMAPK8. We demonstrate that SlMAPK8 phosphorylates SlARF4 and inhibits its transcriptional activity, whereas SlMAPK8 phosphorylates SlMYB11 and activates its transcriptional activity. SlMAPK8 functions in ABA-induced AsA accumulation and drought stress tolerance. Moreover, ABA antagonizes the effects of auxin on AsA biosynthesis. Therefore, auxin- and ABA-induced regulation of AsA accumulation is mediated by the SlMAPK8–SlARF4–SlMYB11 module in tomato during fruit development and drought stress responses, shedding light on the roles of phytohormones in regulating AsA accumulation to mediate stress tolerance.