bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for effective cell-penetrating peptides with minimal impact on epithelial cells and gut commensals in vitro
Authors: Gelli Hitesh P. , Vazquez-Uribe Ruben , Sommer Morten Otto Alexander 
Published: November 2022

One of the biggest challenges for oral drug absorption is the epithelial barrier of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to modulate the epithelial barrier function is known to be an effective strategy to improve drug absorption and bioavailability. In this study we compare side-by-side, 9 most promising CPPs to study their cytotoxicity (Cytotox Red dye staining) and cell viability (AlamarBlue staining) on epithelial cells and their effects on paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier in vitro in a differentiated Caco-2 epithelial monolayer model. The data revealed that 4 out of 9 well-studied CPPs significantly improved Caco-2 paracellular permeability without compromising on cellular health. To assess the impact of CPPs on the human microbiota we studied the antimicrobial effects of the 4 effective CPPs from our permeation studies against 10 representative strains of the gut microbiota in vitro using microbroth dilution. Our data revealed that these 4 CPPs affected the growth of almost all tested commensal strains. Interestingly, we found that two synthetic CPPs (Shuffle and Penetramax) outperformed all the other CPPs in their ability to increase intestinal paracellular permeability at 50 µM and had only a small to moderate effect on the tested gut commensal strains. Based on these data Shuffle and Penetramax represent relevant CPPs to be further characterized in vivo for safe delivery of poorly absorbed therapeutics while minimizing negative impacts on the gut microbiota.
Quantitative proteomics analysis of tomato root cell wall proteins in response to salt stress
Authors: Chen Shuisen , Shi Fei , Li Cong , Sun Quan , Ruan Yanye 
Published: November 2022

Cell wall proteins perform diverse cellular functions in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of salt-stress tolerance in tomato. The 30 d seedlings of two tomato genotypes with contrasting salt tolerances were transplanted to salt stress (200 mM NaCl) for three days, and then, the cell wall proteins of seedling roots were analyzed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). There were 82 and 81 cell wall proteins that changed significantly in the salt-tolerant tomato IL8-3 and the salt-sensitive tomato M82, respectively. The proteins associated with signal transduction and alterations to cell wall polysaccharides were increased in both IL8-3 and M82 cells wall in response to salt stress. In addition, many different or even opposite metabolic changes occurred between IL8-3 and M82 in response to salt stress. The salt-tolerant tomato IL8-3 experienced not only significantly decreased in Na+ accumulation but also an obviously enhanced in regulating redox balance and cell wall lignification in response to salt stress. Taken together, these results provide novel insight for further understanding the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in tomato.
Knowledge difference of sexually transmitted infections between Hong Kong undergraduates from local and international secondary schools: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wong Darren Li Liang , Zhang Allen , Cheung Kylie K. Y. , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Lam May P. S. 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSince the delivery of sex education is not standardized across local and international secondary schools in Hong Kong, this study aims to assess and compare the knowledge level of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between university students who attended local and international secondary schools in Hong Kong.MethodsFrom January to March 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among undergraduates at the University of Hong Kong. The primary outcome was STI knowledge as measured by a 29-item quiz. A higher quiz score meant a better STI knowledge level. Students' attitude toward sexual health and their sex education history was collected. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the association factor with a better STI knowledge level.ResultsThree hundred and ninety six students were included in the analysis. Three hundred thirty three (85.35%) students attended local secondary schools and 58 (14.65%) students attended international secondary schools in Hong Kong; 200 (50.51%) students were male and 196 (49.49%) students were female. Compared with students from local secondary school, those from international secondary schools had a significantly higher STI quiz score (18.19 vs. 15.4, p = 0.003). The results of multiple linear regression revealed that students in a higher year of study (β = 1.07, p &lt; 0.001), from medical faculties (β = 6.96, p &lt; 0.001), and from international secondary schools (β = 2.27, p = 0.003) achieved a higher STI quiz score.ConclusionUniversity students who attended international secondary schools in Hong Kong possess a significantly higher knowledge level of STIs compared with those who attended local secondary schools. Nonetheless, the overall STI awareness among university students is inadequate. The inadequacy of STI awareness calls for the need to plan and implement satisfactory, comprehensive, and standardized sex education across the overall education system in Hong Kong.
The impact of agricultural disasters on child development in rural China
Authors: Xu Sipei , Zhan Peng 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundChina's uneven development under the urban-rural dichotomy has led to the discouraging development of children in rural areas. China is a large agricultural country and agricultural disasters are relatively common. Rural children aged 10–15 whose families depend on the agricultural economy may experience far-reaching negative effects from these disasters.ObjectiveThis study explored the effects of agricultural disasters on rural children's development, including cognitive and noncognitive skills, and academic pressure.MethodsSurvey data from the China Family Panel Survey and the National Meteorological Administration for 2010–2018 and a fixed-effect panel model with difference-in-differences regressions were used in the study.ResultsThe fixed effects model results showed evidence that agricultural disasters have a negative impact on rural children's cognitive and noncognitive skills and a positive impact on academic pressure. The statistically significant coefficients are −0.092, −0.938, and 0.223, respectively. School and family environments also explain children's development. Robustness tests confirmed these results.ConclusionsEvidence shows that agricultural disasters have a significant negative impact on rural child development. It may be inferred that these will increase the difficulty of narrowing the urban-rural development gap. China is committed to promoting prosperity for all its people. Special attention should be paid to the consequences of disasters at the child level and appropriate measures should be taken to mitigate possible negative impacts.
Factors associated with treatment adherence to treatment among in patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pourhabibi Nasrin , Mohebbi Bahram , Sadeghi Roya , Shakibazadeh Elham , Sanjari Mojgan , Tol Azar , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionDiabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Adherence to treatment is a key determinant to proper management. This study aimed to assess the factors associated treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsWe conducted this cross-sectional study on 704 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to three diabetes clinics in Kerman, Iran. We used treatment adherence questionnaire and functional communicative critical health literacy (FCCHL) to collect data and descriptive statistics, as well as Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis to analyze data. Significance level was &lt;0.05.ResultsThe study results showed that health literacy, HbA1c, and income were main predictors of diabetes treatment adherence. The patients' adherence increased as their health literacy increased. The patients' HbA1c decreases as their adherence increased. We found a 2.54-point increase in the treatment adherence score for those with sufficient income and a 0.76-point increase in the treatment adherence score for those with relatively sufficient income compared with those with insufficient income.ConclusionWe found several factors affecting diabetes treatment adherence. Planning theory-based interventions can be helpful to improve the determinants.
Evaluating a cross-lagged panel model between problematic internet use and psychological distress and cross-level mediation of school administrator support on problematic internet use: The serial mediating role of psychological needs thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress
Authors: Chen I-Hua , Chen Hsin-Pao , Gamble Jeffrey H. , Liao Xiao ling , Chen Xiu-Mei , Yang Ya-Ting Carolyn , Pakpour Amir H. , Griffiths Mark D. , Lin Chung-Ying 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundTo reduce the transmission of COVID-19, many teachers across the globe, including teachers in China, were required to teach online. This shift to online teaching can easily result in psychological need thwarting (PNT) of teachers' psychological basic needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), leaving them vulnerable to negative psychological outcomes. Resulting negative emotional state may lead to problematic internet use (PIU), which can lead to further psychological distress, forming a vicious cycle.MethodsThe present study was conducted using a cross-lagged panel model (with longitudinal data) and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) (with cross-sectional data). The aims were to investigate (i) the reciprocal relationships between two specific forms of PIU [problematic social media use (PSMU) and problematic gaming (PG)] and psychological distress among schoolteachers, and (ii) the influence of administrators' support on schoolteachers' PIU through a cross-level serial mediation model (PNT of online teaching was the first mediator and psychological distress was the second mediator affected by PNT of online teaching). Primary and secondary schoolteachers (N = 980; mean age = 34.76; 82.90% females) participated in two surveys (Time 1: mid-November 2021; Time 2: early-January 2022).ResultsResults indicated that (i) high psychological distress at Time 1 was associated with increased levels of PSMU and PG at Time 2. Inversely, PG at Time 1 was associated with increased psychological distress at Time 2, although PSMU at Time 1 did not have a significant influence on psychological distress at Time 2; (ii) during Time 1, increased administrative support contributed to alleviating teachers' psychological needs thwarting of online teaching, thereby lowering their psychological distress which, in turn, resulted in a decrease in PG.ConclusionPG had a stronger negative influence on teachers' psychological distress than PSMU. To relieve teachers' PG, administrative support can alleviate teachers' psychological needs thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress. Based on this finding, school managers must consider effective ways to support teachers during mandatory online teaching.
Fractures reduction with osteoporotic treatments in patients over 75-year-old: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guillaumin Michel , Poirson Bastien , Gerazime Aurélie , Puyraveau Marc , Tannou Thomas , Mauny Fréderic , Toussirot Éric 
Published: November 2022

Background: Osteoporosis consists in the reduction of bone mineral density and increased risk of fracture. Age is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Although many treatments are available for osteoporosis, there is limited data regarding their efficacy in older people.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of osteoporosis treatments in patients over 75 years old.Methods: We reviewed all published studies in MEDLINE, Cochrane and EMBASE including patients over 75 years old, treated by osteoporosis drugs, and focused on vertebral fractures or hip fractures.Results: We identified 4,393 records for review; 4,216 were excluded after title/abstract review. After full text review, 19 records were included in the systematic review. Most studies showed a reduction in vertebral fracture with osteoporosis treatments, but non-significant results were observed for hip fractures. Meta-analysis of 10 studies showed that lack of treatment was significantly associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures at one (OR = 3.67; 95%CI = 2.50–5.38) and 3 years (OR = 2.19; 95%CI = 1.44–3.34), and for hip fractures at one (OR = 2.14; 95%CI = 1.09–4.22) and 3 years (OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.12–1.53).Conclusion: A reduction in the risk of vertebral fractures with osteoporosis treatments was observed in most of the studies included and meta-analysis showed that lack of treatment was significantly associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures. Concerning hip fractures, majority of included studies did not show a significant reduction in the occurrence of hip fractures with osteoporotic treatments, but meta-analysis showed an increased risk of hip fractures without osteoporotic treatment. However, most of the data derived from post hoc and preplanned analyses or observational studies.
Effect of cold ambient temperature on heat flux, skin temperature, and thermal sensation at different body parts in elite biathletes
Authors: Blokker Thomas , Bucher Elias , Steiner Thomas , Wehrlin Jon Peter 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionWhen exercising in the cold, optimizing thermoregulation is essential to maintain performance. However, no study has investigated thermal parameters with wearable-based measurements in a field setting among elite Nordic skiers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the thermal response and sensation measured at different body parts during exercise in a cold environment in biathletes.MethodsThirteen Swiss national team biathletes (6 females, 7 males) performed two skiing bouts in the skating technique on two consecutive days (ambient temperature: −3.74 ± 2.32 °C) at 78 ± 4% of maximal heart rate. Heat flux (HF), core (Tcore) and skin (Tskin) temperature were measured with sensors placed on the thigh, back, anterior and lateral thorax. Thermal sensation (TS) was assessed three times for different body parts: in protective winter clothing, in a race suit before (PRE) and after exercise (POST).ResultsHF demonstrated differences (p &lt; 0.001) between sensor locations, with the thigh showing the highest heat loss (344 ± 37 kJ/m2), followed by the back (269 ± 6 kJ/m2), the lateral thorax (220 ± 47 kJ/m2), and the anterior thorax (192 ± 37 kJ/m2). Tcore increased (p &lt; 0.001). Tskin decreased for all body parts (p &lt; 0.001). Thigh Tskin decreased more than for other body parts (p &lt; 0.001). From PRE to POST, TS of the hands decreased (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionBiathletes skiing in a race suit at moderate intensity experience significant heat loss and a large drop in Tskin, particularly at the quadriceps muscle. To support the optimal functioning of working muscles, body-part dependent differences in the thermal response should be considered for clothing strategy and for race suit design.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with zero-profile versus stand-alone cages for two-level cervical spondylosis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mu Guanzhang , Chen Hao , Fu Haoyong , Wang Shijun , Lu Hailin , Yi Xiaodong , Li Chunde , Yue Lei , Sun Haolin 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the mid-long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of zero-profile (ZP) compared with stand-alone (ST) cages for two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).MethodsWe included 77 patients (39 women and 38 men) who underwent two-level ACDF between May 5, 2016, and May 5, 2020, and who were followed up for at least 1 year. The subjects were divided into the ST (n = 38) and ZP (n = 39) group. For the evaluation of functional status, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were used. Additionally, radiological outcomes and procedure complications were observed at final follow-up.ResultsBoth groups had excellent clinical outcomes at the final follow-up. There were no significant intergroup (ZP vs. ST) differences in the fusion rate (91.02% vs. 90.79%, P &gt; 0.05) and postoperative dysphagia (15.4% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.108). However, the disc height at the final follow-up in the ZP group was higher than that in the ST group (6.86 ± 0.84 vs. 6.17 ± 1.03, P = 0.002). The ZP group accomplished a lower loss of cervical lordosis (18.46 ± 4.78 vs. 16.55 ± 4.36, P = 0.071), but without reaching statistical significance.ConclusionACDF with either ZP or ST cages turns out to be a dependable strategy for two-level ACDF in terms of clinical results. However, compared with the ST, the ZP cage may achieve a significantly lower loss of disc height.
Treatment for complete bilateral duplex kidneys with severe hydronephrosis and ureterectasis of the upper moiety in a child: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Chengchuang , Ji Fengming , Zhang Huangchenghao , Yao Zhigang , Li Li , Yan Bing 
Published: November 2022

AimTo explore the treatment experience of the duplex kidney.MethodA case of the complete bilateral duplex kidney with severe hydronephrosis and ureterectasis in the upper moiety of the kidney diagnosed in the Department of Urology of Kunming Children's Hospital from 2021 to 2022 was retrospectively analyzed and relevant literature was reviewed.ResultsA 2-month-old baby girl was admitted to the hospital because of hydronephrosis of bilateral kidneys found by prenatal ultrasound for 3 months and fever for 3 days. After being given the relevant examinations, the girl was diagnosed with complete bilateral duplex kidneys with severe hydronephrosis and ureterectasis in the upper moiety, and urinary tract infection. The patient's urinary tract infection was poorly controlled after positive anti-infective therapy, so a bilateral ureterostomy was performed. After the surgery, urinary tract infection was soon cured. A bilateral ureteroureterostomy was performed 13 months later, and the patient recovered after 7 days.ConclusionCutaneous ureterostomy combined with late ureteroureterostomy for children with complete bilateral duplex kidneys with severe hydronephrosis in the upper moiety and ureter are not only beneficial to caregivers’ nursing after the operation, but also have significance for salvaging renal function.
Predictive role of preoperative geriatric nutritional risk index for clinical outcomes in surgical gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Wei , Shen Jian , Zou Dehong , Li Peng , Liu Xiaocong , Jian Yi 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe association between the preoperative Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and postoperative short-term and long-term clinical outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the predictive role of the preoperative GNRI for postoperative clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients based on current evidence.MethodsSeveral databases were searched up to July 28, 2022. The primary and secondary outcomes were long-term survival, including overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and postoperative complications. Meanwhile, the hazard ratios (HRs) and relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to assess the association of preoperative GNRI with postoperative survival and complications separately. The results Eight studies involving 4,189 patients were included, and they were all from Japan. The pooled results demonstrated that a lower preoperative GNRI was significantly related to worse OS (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.18–2.53, P = 0.005) and CSS (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.20–2.32, P = 0.002). Meanwhile, a lower preoperative GNRI was significantly associated with postoperative complications (RR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.51–2.58, P &lt; 0.001). Further analysis focusing on elderly patients showed similar results.ConclusionPreoperative GNRI is related to postoperative short-term and long-term clinical outcomes of Japanese gastric cancer patients, and a lower GNRI predicts poorer prognosis.
Associations between smoking and clinical outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yue Chen , Cui Guofeng , Ma Maoxiao , Tang Yanfeng , Li Hongjun , Liu Youwen , Zhang Xue 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSmoking increases risk of several complications after total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA), so we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the literature to take into account all relevant evidence, particularly studies published since 2010.MethodsThe PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and EBSCOHost databases were searched and studies were selected and analyzed according to MOOSE recommendations. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were qualitatively synthesized or meta-analyzed using a random-effects model.ResultsA total of 40 studies involving 3,037,683 cases were included. Qualitative analysis suggested that smoking is associated with worse patient-reported outcomes within one year after surgery, and meta-analysis showed that smoking significantly increased risk of the following outcomes: total complications (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.98), wound complications (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.50–2.10), prosthetic joint infection (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.52–2.24), aseptic loosening (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.12–2.34), revision (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.46–3.08), cardiac arrest (OR 4.90, 95% CI 2.26–10.60), cerebrovascular accident (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.01–4.85), pneumonia (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.17–4.74), acute renal insufficiency (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.48–2.73), sepsis (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.35–14.00), inpatient mortality (OR 12.37, 95% CI 4.46–34.28), and persistent opioid consumption (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.39–1.92).ConclusionSmoking patients undergoing THA and TKA are at increased risk of numerous complications, inpatient mortality, persistent opioid consumption, and worse 1-year patient-reported outcomes. Pre-surgical protocols for these outcomes should give special consideration to smoking patients.
Repairing tendon-exposed wounds by combing the Masquelet technique with dermoplasty
Authors: Yao Jiangling , Zeng Yunfu , Yang Jian , Wu Qian , Chen Liying , Zheng Linyang , Wang Rong , Zhu Hengjie , Cui Hongwang , Huang Yuesheng , Cheng Shaowen 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundWound repair is a new field that has emerged in China in the last 5 years. Exposed tendon wounds are one of the most common problems faced in wound treatment today, as the poor blood supply leads to low survival rates of skin grafts. This paper explores the feasibility of applying the Masquelet technique to repair tendon-exposed wounds.MethodWe examined 12 patients with tendon-exposed wounds, 5 males and 7 females, from January 2021 to November 2021, including 2 patients with post-traumatic wounds, 8 diabetic patients with dorsal wounds, and 2 patients with various chronic infections. The Masquelet technique was employed to treat these wounds. The wound surface was sealed with antibiotic bone cement to form an induction membrane, the cement was removed after 3–4 weeks, and the wound was repaired with skin grafts to observe survival, appearance, texture, healing, and related functions.ResultsAll wounds were covered with antibiotic bone cement, and after 3–4 weeks, an induction membrane was applied, and in 10 out of 12 patients, full-thickness skin grafts were applied, and the patients survived. However, in 2 patients, the skin became partially necrotic, but these patients recovered by changing medications.ConclusionThe current study found that direct skin grafting may effectively treat exposed tendon wounds once the Masquelet approach generates the induction membrane. Further, this method is less difficult, less expensive, and easier to care for the procedure that deserves to be used more frequently.