bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HetI-Like Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Posttranslationally Modifies Acyl Carrier Proteins in Xanthomonas spp.
Authors: Chen Yi-Cai , Hu Zhe , Zhang Wen-Bin , Yin Yu , Zhong Can-Yao , Mo Wan-Ying , Yu Yong-Hong , Ma Jin-Cheng , Wang Hai-Hong 
Published: March 2022

In Xanthomonas spp., the biosynthesis of the yellow pigment xanthomonadin and fatty acids originates in the type II polyketide synthase (PKS II) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathways, respectively. The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is the central component of PKS II and FAS and requires posttranslational phosphopantetheinylation to initiate these pathways. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate that the posttranslational modification of ACPs in X. campestris pv. campestris is performed by an essential 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), XcHetI (encoded by Xc_4132). X. campestris pv. campestris strain XchetI could not be deleted from the X. campestris pv. campestris genome unless another PPTase-encoding gene such as Escherichia coli acpS or Pseudomonas aeruginosa pcpS was present. Compared with wild-type strain X. campestris pv. campestris 8004 and mutant XchetI::PapcpS, strain XchetI::EcacpS failed to generate xanthomonadin pigments and displayed reduced pathogenicity for the host plant, Brassica oleracea. Further experiments showed that the expression of XchetI restored the growth of E. coli acpS mutant HT253 and, when a plasmid bearing XchetI was introduced into P. aeruginosa, pcpS, which encodes the sole PPTase in P. aeruginosa, could be deleted. In in vitro enzymatic assays, XcHetI catalyzed the transformation of 4′-phosphopantetheine from coenzyme A to two X. campestris pv. campestris apo-acyl carrier proteins, XcAcpP and XcAcpC. All of these findings indicate that XcHetI is a surfactin PPTase-like PPTase with a broad substrate preference. Moreover, the HetI-like PPTase is ubiquitously conserved in Xanthomonas spp., making it a potential new drug target for the prevention of plant diseases caused by Xanthomonas. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Opioid abuse and perioperative care: a new medical disease
Authors: Henshaw Daryl S. , Turner James D. , Khanna Ashish K. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
This review article aims to describe the perioperative clinical implications of opioid use or opioid use disorder (OUD) and to provide recommendations related to analgesia, anesthesia, and postoperative care for patients with this ’new medical disease’.

Recent findings
Evidence suggest that 1 in 4 surgical patients will be using opioids preoperatively. Management of these patients, or those with OUD, can be challenging given their opioid tolerance, hyperalgesia, decreased pain tolerance, and increased pain sensitivity. Therefore, an individualized plan that considers how to manage OUD treatment medications, the risk of relapse, multimodal analgesia, and postoperative monitoring requirements is highly important. Fortunately, recent publications provide both insight and guidance on these topics. Postoperatively, persistent opioid utilization appears higher in patients currently using opioids and even for those with a prior history. Although numerous other adverse outcomes are also associated with opioid use or abuse, some may be modifiable with cessation.

Summary
A coordinated, evidence-based, multidisciplinary team approach is critical when caring for patients with OUD to ensure safety, provide adequate analgesia, and reduce the risk of relapse. Enhanced postoperative monitoring, multimodal analgesia, and a plan for preoperative opioid management may help to modify the risks of adverse postoperative outcomes.
Sedation-analgesia techniques for nonoperating room anesthesia: an update
Authors: Khorsand Sarah , Karamchandani Kunal , Joshi Girish P. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
There has been a substantial increase in nonoperating room anesthesia procedures over the years along with an increase in the complexity and severity of cases. These procedures pose unique challenges for anesthesia providers requiring meticulous planning and attention to detail. Advancements in the delivery of sedation and analgesia in this setting will help anesthesia providers navigate these challenges and improve patient safety and outcomes.

Recent findings
There has been a renewed interest in the development of newer sedative and analgesic drugs and delivery systems that can safely provide anesthesia care in challenging situations and circumstances.

Summary
Delivery of anesthesia care in nonoperating room locations is associated with significant challenges. The advent of sedative and analgesic drugs that can be safely used in situations where monitoring capabilities are limited in conjunction with delivery systems, that can incorporate unique patient characteristics and ensure the safe delivery of these drugs, has the potential to improve patient safety and outcomes. Further research is needed in these areas to develop newer drugs and delivery systems.
Midazolam at Low Nanomolar Concentrations Affects Long-term Potentiation and Synaptic Transmission Predominantly via the α1–γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subunit in Mice
Authors: Puig-Bosch Xènia , Bieletzki Stefan , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Rudolph Uwe , Antkowiak Bernd , Rammes Gerhard 
Published: March 2022

Background
Midazolam amplifies synaptic inhibition via different γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor subtypes defined by the presence of α1-, α2-, α3-, or α5-subunits in the channel complex. Midazolam blocks long-term potentiation and produces postoperative amnesia. The aims of this study were to identify the GABAA receptor subtypes targeted by midazolam responsible for affecting CA1 long-term potentiation and synaptic inhibition in neocortical neurons.

Methods
The effects of midazolam on hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation were studied in acutely prepared brain slices of male and female mice. Positive allosteric modulation on GABAA receptor–mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents was investigated in organotypic slice cultures of the mouse neocortex. In both experiments, wild-type mice and GABAA receptor knock-in mouse lines were compared in which α1-, α5-, α1/2/3-, α1/3/5- and α2/3/5-GABAA receptor subtypes had been rendered benzodiazepine-insensitive.

Results
Midazolam (10 nM) completely blocked long-term potentiation (mean ± SD, midazolam, 98 ± 11%, n = 14/8 slices/mice vs. control 156 ± 19%, n = 20/12; P < 0.001). Experiments in slices of α1-, α5-, α1/2/3-, α1/3/5-, and α2/3/5–knock-in mice revealed a dominant role for the α1-GABAA receptor subtype in the long-term potentiation suppressing effect. In slices from wild-type mice, midazolam increased (mean ± SD) charge transfer of miniature synaptic events concentration-dependently (50 nM: 172 ± 71% [n = 10/6] vs. 500 nM: 236 ± 54% [n = 6/6]; P = 0.041). In α2/3/5–knock-in mice, charge transfer of miniature synaptic events did not further enhance when applying 500 nM midazolam (50 nM: 171 ± 62% [n = 8/6] vs. 500 nM: 175 ± 62% [n = 6/6]; P = 0.454), indicating two different binding affinities for midazolam to α2/3/5- and α1-subunits.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate a predominant role of α1-GABAA receptors in the actions of midazolam at low nanomolar concentrations. At higher concentrations, midazolam also enhances other GABAA receptor subtypes. α1-GABAA receptors may already contribute at sedative doses to the phenomenon of postoperative amnesia that has been reported after midazolam administration.

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What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Gamma/Delta (γδ) T Cells: The Role of the T-Cell Receptor in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Goyal Amrita , Nardi Valentina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
There are 2 types of T cells: αβ and γδ T cells, named based on the composition of the T-cell receptor. γδ T cells are rare, making up 0.5%–10% of T cells. Although most leukemias, lymphomas, and immune-mediated conditions derive from αβ T cells, a handful of rare but important diseases are generally derived from γδ T cells, particularly primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, and monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma. There are also malignancies that may evince a γδ TCR phenotype, including large granulocytic lymphocyte leukemia, T-cell acute lymphobplastic leukemia (T-ALL), and mycosis fungoides, although such cases are rare. In this article, we will review the genesis of the T-cell receptor, the role of γδ T cells, and the importance of TCR type and methods of detection and outline the evidence for prognostic significance (or lack thereof) in lymphomas of γδ T cells. We will also highlight conditions that rarely may present with a γδ TCR phenotype and assess the utility of testing for TCR type in these diseases.
Persistent cardiac organ damage in surgically and medically treated primary aldosteronism
Authors: Aune Arleen , Gerdts Eva , Kokorina Marina , Kringeland Ester , Midtbø Helga , Løvås Kristian , Grytaas Marianne A. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
We compared persistent cardiac organ damage in patients treated surgically or medically for primary aldosteronism.

Methods:
Eighty-four patients (age 57 ± 11 years, 27% women) with primary aldosteronism underwent echocardiography at time of diagnosis and after one year of treatment (49% adrenalectomy, 51% medical treatment). Persistent cardiac organ damage was defined as presence of left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy, low LV midwall shortening, global longitudinal strain and/or enlarged left atrium both at baseline and at follow-up.

Results:
At one year, a significant regression of LV hypertrophy was observed in surgically (44 vs. 22%, P
= 0.039), but not in medically treated patients (60 vs. 51%, P = 0.206). The prevalence of enlarged left atrium was reduced in both groups (both P < 0.001), whereas systolic myocardial function remained unchanged. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, medical treatment [odds ratio (OR) 4.88 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–18.88)] was a strong predictor of persistent LV hypertrophy independent of higher BMI [OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.04–1.38)] and presence of diabetes [OR 6.48 (95% CI 1.20–34.83), all P < 0.05]. Persistently low midwall shortening was associated with suppressed plasma renin after one year [OR 6.11 (95% CI 1.39–26.7)] and lower renal function [OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.99), both P < 0.05]. The strongest predictor of persistently low global longitudinal strain was higher HbA1c [OR 2.37 (95% CI 1.12–5.02), P = 0.024].

Conclusion:
Persistent cardiac organ damage was more common in the medical treatment group and associated with incomplete aldosterone blockade, impaired renal function and presence of metabolic comorbidities.

Graphical abstract:

http://links.lww.com/HJH/B925.
Clinical significance of the neural response telemetric thresholds in Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant patients
Authors: Wu Ching-Nung , Yang Chao-Hui , Huang Ping-Che , Huang Yi-Wen , Hwang Chung-Feng 
Published: March 2022

Background:
It is unclear whether neural response telemetric (NRT) thresholds are related to lexical tonal language performance after cochlear implants (CIs). We explored the factors associated with changes in NRT thresholds and postoperative performance of CI patients.

Methods:
Patients receiving nucleus 24 CIs in our hospital from November 2010 were enrolled. We analyzed medical records and NRT thresholds. Mandarin speech and tone identification were measured in CI patients for at least 1 year postoperatively.

Results:
Seventy-two patients with an average age of 16.1 years received CIs. The postoperative NRT threshold was lower than the intraoperative threshold. The NRT threshold was higher in the early- than the late-activation group (mapping within 21 vs >21 days postoperatively, respectively). Lower intraoperative NRT thresholds and curved electrodes were significantly associated with lower postoperative NRT thresholds. In multiple linear regression analysis, only postoperative NRT thresholds significantly affected speech and tone perception, including word recognition scores, tone perception, and comprehension of easy and difficult sentences (all p < 0.05). Other clinical parameters, including age, gender, implant type, and activation timing, were not significantly associated with clinical tone or speech outcomes.

Conclusion:
Curved electrode arrays were associated with lower postoperative NRT thresholds. A lower postoperative NRT threshold might predict better performance of Mandarin-speaking CI patients. Future studies should evaluate factors that affect both postoperative NRT thresholds and lexical tonal language performance.
Ameliorative effect of taxifolin on gentamicin-induced ototoxicity via down-regulation of apoptotic pathways in mouse cochlear UB/OC-2 cells
Authors: Lin Jia-Ni , Wang Jen-Shu , Lin Chung-Ching , Lin Hui-Yi , Yu Szu-Hui , Wen Yu-Hsuan , Tseng Guo-Fang , Hsu Chuan-Jen , Wu Hung-Pin 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Taxifolin is a flavanonol with efficacious cytoprotective properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective effects. However, the potential protective effects of taxifolin against gentamicin-induced ototoxicity have not been confirmed. In this study, the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of taxifolin on gentamicin-induced death of UB/OC-2 cochlear cells were investigated.

Methods:
Mouse cochlear UB/OC-2 cells with or without taxifolin pretreatment were exposed to gentamicin, and the effects on cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial permeability transition, and apoptotic marker expression were examined using biochemical techniques, flow cytometry, western blotting, and fluorescent staining.

Results:
Little or no apparent effect of taxifolin on cell viability was observed at concentrations less than 40 μM. Further investigations showed that gentamicin significantly inhibited cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with taxifolin attenuated gentamicin-induced lactate dehydrogenase release, as well as cellular cytotoxicity. In addition, taxifolin significantly prevented gentamicin-induced cell damage by decreasing ROS production, stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential, and downregulating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.

Conclusion:
In summary, pretreatment with taxifolin is effective for mitigating gentamicin-induced apoptotic cell death mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. Our data suggest that taxifolin provides a new approach to combat gentamicin-induced ototoxicity.
Painful Diabetic Neuropathy as a Cause for Refractory Ear Pain in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Attia Tamer M. , Hamdan Ahmad Mahmoud 
Published: March 2022

Objective
To assess painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) as a cause for refractory ear pain in type 2 diabetics.

Design
An observational prospective case series study.

Setting
Otolaryngology departments of tertiary referral hospitals from November 2019 to January 2021.

Patients
Sixty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes with refractory ear pain of more than 1-month duration not responding to the routine analgesics.

Intervention
Diagnostic intervention.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of painful diabetic neuropathy among different causes of ear pain in the study sample of type II diabetics with refractory ear pain with an assessment of the response of these cases to routine neuropathic pain treatment with pregabalin.

Results
Fifteen out of 68 (22.1%) were diagnosed as having painful diabetic neuropathy based on the “Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions” (DN4) questionnaire with its mean value being 6.47±1.19. There was a highly significant improvement of the 10 items of painful diabetic neuropathy scales after 1 month of treatment (p < 0.001 for all). There was a significant positive correlation between the Hemoglobin A1c level and duration of diabetes at one hand and intensity of pain derived from the painful diabetic neuropathy scale at the other hand (p = 0.0002, and p = 0.032 respectively).

Conclusion
Painful diabetic neuropathy showed a potential correlation with refractory ear pain in type II diabetic patients with significant improvement after painful diabetic neuropathy treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The Relationship Between Self-reported Cognitive Abilities and Psychological Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Crouch Adele , Von Ah Diane 
Published: March 2022

Background
Many breast cancer survivors (BCSs) report numerous symptoms following cancer treatment, including cognitive concerns and psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression). However, the association among these symptoms is not well understood.

Objectives
The objectives were to, primarily, examine the relationship between self-reported cognitive ability and psychological symptoms (anxiety and depressive symptoms) controlling for potential confounders of age, education, and time posttreatment and, secondarily, examine the relationship between self-reported cognitive domains (attention, language, visuoperception, visual memory, and verbal memory) and psychological symptoms.

Methods
This secondary data analysis pooled data from 2 theoretically and conceptually congruent, institutional review board–approved studies of BCSs. Breast cancer survivors completed the Multiple Ability Self-report Questionnaire (cognitive ability), Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory—State (anxiety), and Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale (depressive symptoms). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and separate linear regression.

Results
One hundred fifty-five BCSs who were on average 54.8 (SD, 8.9) years of age, approximately 5 years (mean, 5.2 [SD, 3.8] years) posttreatment, and well-educated (mean, 15.2 [SD, 2.2] years) completed questionnaires. In bivariate correlations, higher anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly related to cognitive abilities in all domains (P = <.01). In the regression model, increased anxiety was associated with poorer cognitive abilities in all domains (P < .01).

Conclusions
Anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with decrements in self-reported cognitive abilities among BCSs.

Implications for Practice
With increasing numbers of BCSs, more research is needed to address psychological symptoms, which correlate with cognitive function. Findings from this analysis can inform clinical BCS survivorship care planning and future interventional research, focused on comprehensive symptom management.
Delayed Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Breast Cancer Among Chinese Women
Authors: An Jinghua , Hershberger Patricia E. , Ferrans Carol Estwing 
Published: March 2022

Background
Delays before treatment initiation increase the likelihood of later-stage diagnosis of breast cancer and reduce survival. Among Chinese women living in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, the amount of time lost in delay and the factors influencing it are unclear.

Objective
This integrative review aimed to characterize delay intervals among Chinese women, identify factors contributing to delay, and develop a conceptual model of these factors.

Methods
Using Whittemore and Knafl’s methodology for integrative reviews, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for primary research articles. For 15 selected studies, quality evaluation was performed employing the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis was developed to summarize and explain the findings.

Results
Total delay intervals (from first discovery of breast symptoms to treatment initiation) exceeded 3 months for 50.2% to 52% of breast cancer patients. The greatest delay occurred between symptom discovery and first presentation (patient intervals). Factors affecting delay in presentation, diagnosis, and treatment included symptom appraisal, Chinese cultural factors, knowledge of breast cancer symptoms and screening, health history, personality, social and healthcare factors, and background factors.

Conclusions
Half of Chinese breast cancer patients delayed long enough to lower their chances of survival. Our review sheds light on how the reviewed factors contribute to delay and their unique influences in this population.

Implications for Practice
Factors identified can inform nursing interventions that raise breast cancer awareness and promote timely diagnosis and treatment in Chinese women.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analytic Evaluation of Moral Distress in Oncology Nursing
Authors: Eche Ijeoma Julie , Phillips Carolyn S. , Alcindor Nadia , Mazzola Emanuele 
Published: March 2022

Background
Weighing implications of multiple intensive cancer-directed therapies over time, oncology nurses are more prone to intrinsic distress compared to nurses in non-oncologic settings. This vulnerability may give rise to moral distress. Yet, little is known about moral distress experiences of oncology nurses.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the frequency and intensity of moral distress among oncology nurses with an exploratory focus on nurse-level and work-related characteristics.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of 7 electronic databases (2000–2020) supplemented by hand-search strategy. Means and standard deviations of moral distress scores in the included studies were extracted and pooled in our meta-analysis.

Results
Our sample of 8 cross-sectional studies consisting of 2686 participants with 1654 oncology nurses met criteria for inclusion. A random-effects model was used in our meta-analysis given considerable heterogeneity. Our results suggest that moral distress was of low to moderate frequency, but of high intensity. Moral distress among oncology nurses was a significant predictor for burnout, provider communication, decisions surrounding end-of-life care, work conditions (eg, patient assignment, type of unit), and inability to provide compassionate care.

Conclusion
Moral distress in oncology nurses is associated with burnout syndrome, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress syndrome, all of which are linked to poor patient care and outcomes. Robust psychological well-being is critical in minimizing unintended consequences of moral distress.

Implications for Practice
Oncology nurses are at high risk for moral distress due to the nature of their work. Future studies should examine the prevalence among oncology nurses to help inform targeted interventions.