bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrepid Spirit Centers: Considerations for Active Duty, National Guard, Reserves, and Retirees
Authors: Banaag Amanda , Korona-Bailey Jessica , Koehlmoos Tracey Pérez 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant concern to the military health system (MHS) and a signature wound of America’s current conflict. To address the influx of patients with military-related TBI, the Department of Defense has partnered with the Fisher Foundation and the Intrepid Fallen Heroes Fund to establish the National Intrepid Center of Excellence and satellite network of Intrepid Spirit Centers. The purpose of this study is to review the prevalence of disease and geographic density of TBI among active duty, National Guard, reservist, and retired military populations in order to inform decision-making around the development of additional Intrepid Spirit Centers.

Methods
We used the MHS Data Repository to perform a cross-sectional examination to assess the prevalence of TBI among active duty, National Guard, reservist, and retired military personnel from fiscal years (FY) 2016 to 2019. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics on patient demographics and the prevalence of TBI.

Results
We identified a total of 3,221,682 active duty, National Guard, reservists, and retired military personnel in the U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps during FY 2016 to 2019; 59.5% were active duty personnel, 23.1% were Retirees, and 17.4% were National Guard and reservists. A total of 72,002 were found to have a TBI-related diagnosis. Texas, North Carolina, and California had the highest case counts for TBI. High prevalence of TBI was found in Bexar County, TX, Muscogee County, GA, Okaloosa County, FL, San Diego County, CA, and Virginia Beach City, VA.

Conclusions
Additional Intrepid Spirit Centers are warranted to better meet the needs of active duty, active and inactive National Guard and reservists, and retired military personnel in locations including San Antonio, TX, and Columbus, GA. These locations currently have the medical infrastructure necessary to facilitate the care of wounded warriors and return to duty ensuring the health of the Nation’s fighting force and veterans.
Overall Safety and Risks Associated with Blood Flow Restriction Therapy: A Literature Review
Authors: Anderson Kevin D , Rask Dawn M G , Bates Taylor J , Nuelle Julia A V 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Blood flow restriction therapy (BFRT) is used in scenarios ranging from muscle building in athletic performance to decreasing recovery time in postoperative orthopedic rehabilitation. The efficacy of BFRT for treating diseases has been increasingly researched; however, there has been less literature focused on establishing the safety of this therapy.

Materials and Methods
An extensive literature review pertaining to BFRT and any deleterious events related to its usage was completed by searching multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library using the terms “blood flow restriction therapy” or “KAATSU.”

Results
Ten case reports, five case series, two national surveys, two questionnaires, six randomized controlled studies, and one systematic review were included. A total of 1,672 individuals reported an adverse event following BFRT use out of 25,813 individuals. Commonly reported adverse events were numbness, dizziness, subcutaneous hemorrhage, and rhabdomyolysis. There were unique adverse effects of this therapy reported in individuals with comorbid conditions, such as hypertension and thoracic outlet syndrome, which included isolated cases of central retinal vein occlusion and Paget–Schroeder syndrome.

Conclusion
Blood flow restriction provides tremendous opportunity with a potential for accelerated exercise rehabilitation and injury prevention. This modality could be used in the military setting to help injured active duty personnel expeditiously return to deployable status. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted to further support BFRT safety; however, from this literature review, it can be concluded that BFRT can be utilized safely in the proper patient population when administered by qualified professionals who have undergone the appropriate training.
The X-ray spectral-timing contribution of the stellar wind in the hard state of Cyg X-1
Authors: Lai E V , De Marco B , Zdziarski A A , Belloni T M , Mondal S , Uttley P , Grinberg V , Wilms J , Różańska A 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The clumpy stellar wind from the companion star in high-mass X-ray binaries causes variable, partial absorption of the emission from the X-ray source. We studied XMM–Newton observations from a 7.22 d long monitoring campaign, in order to constrain the effects of the stellar wind on the short-time-scale X-ray spectral-timing properties of Cygnus X-1. We find these properties to change significantly in the presence of the wind. In particular, the longest sampled time-scales (corresponding to temporal frequencies of ν ∼ 0.1–1 Hz) reveal an enhancement of the fractional variability power, while on the shortest sampled time-scales (ν ∼ 1–10 Hz), the variability is suppressed. In addition, we observe a reduction (by up to a factor of ∼ 1.8) of the otherwise high coherence between soft and hard band light curves, as well as of the amplitude of the hard X-ray lags intrinsic to the X-ray continuum. The observed increase of low-frequency variability power can be explained in terms of variations of the wind column density as a consequence of motions of the intervening clumps. In this scenario (and assuming a terminal velocity of $v_{\infty }=2400\, {\rm km\ s^{-1}}$), we obtain an estimate of l ∼ 0.5–1.5 × 10−4R* for the average radial size of a clump. On the other hand, we suggest the behaviour at high frequencies to be due to scattering in an optically thicker medium, possibly formed by collision of the stellar wind with the edge of the disc.
Classification of core-collapse supernova explosions with learned dictionaries
Authors: Saiz-Pérez Ainara , Torres-Forné Alejandro , Font José A 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTCore-collapse supernovae (CCSNs) are a prime source of gravitational waves. Estimations of their typical frequencies make them perfect targets for the current network of advanced, ground-based detectors. A successful detection could potentially reveal the underlying explosion mechanism through the analysis of the waveform. This has been illustrated using the Supernova Model Evidence Extractor (SMEE), an algorithm based on principal component analysis and Bayesian model selection. Here, we present a complementary approach to SMEE based on (supervised) dictionary-learning and show that it is able to reconstruct and classify CCSN signals according to their morphology. Our waveform signals are obtained from (a) two publicly available catalogues built from numerical simulations of neutrino-driven (Mur) and magneto-rotational (Dim) CCSN explosions and (b) from a third ‘mock’ catalogue of simulated sine-Gaussian (SG) waveforms. All of these signals are injected into coloured Gaussian noise to simulate the background noise of Advanced LIGO in its broad-band configuration and scaled to a freely specifiable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We show that our approach correctly classifies signals from all three dictionaries. In particular, for SNR = 15–20, we obtain perfect matches for both Dim and SG signals and about 85 per cent true classifications for Mur signals. These results are comparable to those reported by SMEE for the same CCSN signals when those are injected in only one LIGO detector. We discuss the main limitations of our approach as well as possible improvements.
Mass segregation in the hyades cluster
Authors: Evans N Wyn , Oh Semyeong 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Using the Gaia colour–magnitude diagram, we assign masses to a catalogue of 979 confirmed members of the Hyades cluster and tails. By fitting the cumulative mass profile, stars within the tidal radius have a Plummer-like profile with half-mass radius rh of 5.75 pc. The tails are extended with rh = 69.35 pc and fall off more slowly than Plummer with density proportional to distance−1.36. The cluster stars are separated into two groups at BP–RP = 2 or 0.56M⊙ to give a high mass (${\bar{M}} = 0.95 M_\odot$) and a low mass (${\bar{M}} = 0.32 M_\odot$) population. We show that: (i) the high mass population has a half-mass radius rh of 4.88 pc, whilst the low mass population has rh = 8.10 pc; (ii) despite the differences in spatial extent, the kinematics and binarity properties of the high and low mass populations are similar. They have isotropic velocity ellipsoids with mean 1d velocity dispersions σ of 0.427 and 0.415 km s−1, respectively. The dynamical state of the Hyades is far from energy equipartition ($\sigma \propto {\bar{M}}^{-1/2}$). We identify a new mass segregation instability for clusters with escape speed V. Populations with $V/\sigma \lesssim 2\sqrt{2}$ can never attain thermal equilibrium and equipartition. This regime encompasses many Galactic open and globular clusters. For the Hyades, there must be an outward energy flux of at least $9.5 \times 10^{-4} M_\odot \, {\rm km^2\, s^{-2} Myr^{-1}}$ to maintain its current configuration. The present mass-loss of 0.26M⊙Myr−1 due to tidal stripping by itself implies a substantial energy flow beyond the required magnitude.
XMM–Newton study of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Saeedi Sara , Sasaki Manami 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We analysed observations with XMM–Newton in the field of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph). The aim of the study was the classification of X-ray binaries and accreting white dwarfs belonging to the Sculptor dSph. Using different methods of X-ray timing and spectral analyses, together with an extensive multiwavelength study of the optical and infrared counterparts of the X-ray sources, we classified the sources detected with XMM–Newton in the field of the Sculptor dSph. The long-term variability of the sources has been studied over two XMM–Newton observations. None of the members of the Sculptor dSph show significant long-term variability over these two observations. We also searched for periodicity and pulsation using the Lomb–Scargle and Rayleigh Z$^{2}_{n}$ techniques. No signals of pulsation or periodicity have been found for the X-ray sources. The results show the presence of a noticeable number of background X-ray sources in the field of this galaxy. We classified 43 sources as active galactic nuclei, galaxies, and galaxy candidates. Three Galactic foreground stars have been identified in the field of the Sculptor dSph, and one of them is an M-dwarf candidate. Moreover, we classified four symbiotic-star candidates and three quiescent low-mass X-ray binary candidates in the Sculptor dSph. The luminosity of these X-ray sources is ∼1033−35 erg s−1.
58 open clusters investigated with UBVRI andGaiaeDR3 data
Authors: Dias W S , Monteiro H , Caetano T , Hickel G , Alves G , Sacchi M , Lépine J R D , Amarinho N 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe present the results of the investigation of 58 open clusters using UBVRI CCD photometry (Johnsons-Cousins system) and Gaia eDR3 data. The membership probability of the stars in the cluster’s field was determined from a maximum-likelihood method using Gaia eDR3 astrometric data. The fundamental parameters of the clusters were determined using a robust global optimization method to fit theoretical model isochrones to UBVRI ground-based and Gaia eDR3 photometric data, respectively. We estimated mean proper motion, mean parallax, and fundamental parameters considering the member stars for 25 clusters. Based on the high quality Gaia eDR3 data, the remaining objects of the sample were found to be likely not real. The real clusters are situated from 900 to 3000 pc with ages from about 6 Myr to 2.5 Gyr. The results of the distances and ages obtained for both independent sets of data are in agreement indicating that our method to determine distances and ages using GBP and GRPGaia eDR3 data is reliable.
3D hydrodynamic simulations for the formation of the Local Group satellite planes
Authors: Banik Indranil , Thies Ingo , Truelove Roy , Candlish Graeme , Famaey Benoit , Pawlowski Marcel S , Ibata Rodrigo , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The existence of mutually correlated thin and rotating planes of satellite galaxies around both the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) calls for an explanation. Previous work in Milgromian dynamics (MOND) indicated that a past MW–M31 encounter might have led to the formation of these satellite planes. We perform the first-ever hydrodynamical MOND simulation of the Local Group using phantom of ramses. We show that an MW–M31 encounter at z ≈ 1, with a perigalactic distance of about 80 kpc, can yield two disc galaxies at z = 0 oriented similarly to the observed galactic discs and separated similarly to the observed M31 distance. Importantly, the tidal debris are distributed in phase space similarly to the observed MW and M31 satellite planes, with the correct preferred orbital pole for both. The MW–M31 orbital geometry is consistent with the presently observed M31 proper motion despite this not being considered as a constraint when exploring the parameter space. The mass of the tidal debris around the MW and M31 at z = 0 compare well with the mass observed in their satellite systems. The remnant discs of the two galaxies have realistic radial scale lengths and velocity dispersions, and the simulation naturally produces a much hotter stellar disc in M31 than in the MW. However, reconciling this scenario with the ages of stellar populations in satellite galaxies would require that a higher fraction of stars previously formed in the outskirts of the progenitors ended up within the tidal debris, or that the MW–M31 interaction occurred at z &gt; 1.
Successful switching treatment of adalimumab for refractory pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis with prior use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ohmura Shin-ichiro , Homma Yoichiro , Hanai Shiho , Otsuki Yoshiro , Miyamoto Toshiaki 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare chronic skin disease characterised by painful skin ulcers. There are no treatment guidelines for PG, but systemic treatments including biologics are often used. Recently, adalimumab (ADA), a fully human monoclonal antibody against tumour necrosis factor, was approved for refractory PG treatment in Japan. Herein, we report a case of rheumatoid arthritis with refractory PG 2 months after orthopaedic surgery of the foot during treatment with low-dose etanercept and methotrexate. Although adding a moderate dose of glucocorticoid did not improve her PG, the patient showed a remarkable response after switching from etanercept to ADA in a higher dose than that used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. This higher dose of ADA may be effective for the treatment of refractory PG after the failure of other tumour necrosis factor inhibitors.
Mechanisms of substrate recognition and N6-methyladenosine demethylation revealed by crystal structures of ALKBH5–RNA complexes
Authors: Kaur Simranjeet , Tam Nok Yin , McDonough Michael A , Schofield Christopher J , Aik Wei Shen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
AlkB homologue 5 (ALKBH5) is a ferrous iron and 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenase that demethylates RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a post-transcriptional RNA modification with an emerging set of regulatory roles. Along with the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), ALKBH5 is one of only two identified human m6A RNA oxidizing enzymes and is a potential target for cancer treatment. Unlike FTO, ALKBH5 efficiently catalyzes fragmentation of its proposed nascent hemiaminal intermediate to give formaldehyde and a demethylated nucleoside. A detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms used by ALKBH5 for substrate recognition and m6A demethylation is lacking. We report three crystal structures of ALKBH5 in complex with an m6A-ssRNA 8-mer substrate and supporting biochemical analyses. Strikingly, the single-stranded RNA substrate binds to the active site of ALKBH5 in a 5′-3′ orientation that is opposite to single-stranded or double-stranded DNA substrates observed for other AlkB subfamily members, including single-stranded DNA bound to FTO. The combined structural and biochemical results provide insight into the preference of ALKBH5 for substrates containing a (A/G)m6AC consensus sequence motif. The results support a mechanism involving formation of an m6A hemiaminal intermediate, followed by efficient ALKBH5 catalyzed demethylation, enabled by a proton shuttle network involving Lys132 and Tyr139.
SWAN pathway-network identification of common aneuploidy-based oncogenic drivers
Authors: Bowers Robert R , Jones Christian M , Paz Edwin A , Barrows John K , Armeson Kent E , Long David T , Delaney Joe R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Haploinsufficiency drives Darwinian evolution. Siblings, while alike in many aspects, differ due to monoallelic differences inherited from each parent. In cancer, solid tumors exhibit aneuploid genetics resulting in hundreds to thousands of monoallelic gene-level copy-number alterations (CNAs) in each tumor. Aneuploidy patterns are heterogeneous, posing a challenge to identify drivers in this high-noise genetic environment. Here, we developed Shifted Weighted Annotation Network (SWAN) analysis to assess biology impacted by cumulative monoallelic changes. SWAN enables an integrated pathway-network analysis of CNAs, RNA expression, and mutations via a simple web platform. SWAN is optimized to best prioritize known and novel tumor suppressors and oncogenes, thereby identifying drivers and potential druggable vulnerabilities within cancer CNAs. Protein homeostasis, phospholipid dephosphorylation, and ion transport pathways are commonly suppressed. An atlas of CNA pathways altered in each cancer type is released. These CNA network shifts highlight new, attractive targets to exploit in solid tumors.
Perceptions of Nicotine Reduction Policy in the United States: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Henderson Katherine C , Loud Emily E , Duong Hue Trong , Reynolds Reed M , Yang Bo , Ntansah Charity A , Ashley David L , Thrasher James F , Popova Lucy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Several countries are considering a reduced nicotine policy that would make cigarettes minimally or nonaddictive. This qualitative study documents reactions to the policy that should be addressed by future communication efforts.

Methods
In 2020, we recruited participants in Atlanta, GA and San Francisco, CA (27 people who exclusively smoke, 25 who dual use cigarettes and e-cigarettes, 32 who formerly smoked, and 31 young adults who do not smoke). We held 16 focus groups: 2 focus groups for each smoking status in each city. Participants viewed messages about very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNCs) and were asked about their reactions to each message and their overall response to the reduced nicotine policy.

Results
While responses to the policy were predominantly positive, focus group discussion also revealed concerns, questions, and misunderstandings (referred to here collectively as “perceptions”) that may need to be addressed if a reduced nicotine policy is enacted. Participants expressed perceptions related to the policy intent, including that the FDA has ulterior motives, adoption/ implementation, including that nicotine would have to be replaced with other chemicals if removed or that the policy would be unfeasible to implement, and effectiveness, including concern that VLNCs would still be addictive or the policy would backfire.

Conclusions
Addressing perceptions about reduced nicotine policy intent, adoption/implementation, and effectiveness could be key in creating public support and political motivation to move forward with such a policy. Countries contemplating adopting such a policy should consider pairing it with communications that address these perceptions.

Implications
This study is one of very few to use qualitative methods to explore potentially problematic perceptions about nicotine reduction policy among US adults. Results illuminated new policy-specific concerns, questions, and misunderstandings about the reduced nicotine policy intent, adoption/implementation, and effectiveness. Identifying, studying, and addressing relevant perceptions may play a key role in generating support in countries contemplating such a policy.
Re enhances anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulation to produce red foliated cotton and brown fiber
Authors: Wang Nian , Zhang Beibei , Yao Tian , Shen Chao , Wen Tianwang , Zhang Ruiting , Li Yuanxue , Le Yu , Li Zhonghua , Zhang Xianlong , Lin Zhongxu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Red foliated cotton is a typical dominant mutation trait in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Although mutants have been described, few responsible genes have been identified and characterized. In this study, we performed map-based cloning of the red foliated mutant gene (Re) derived from the cross between G. hirsutum cv. Emian22 and G. barbadense acc. 3–79. Through expression profiling, metabolic pathway analysis, and sequencing of candidate genes, Re was identified as an MYB113 transcription factor. A repeat sequence variation in the promoter region increased the activity of the promoter, which enhanced the expression of Re. Re expression driven by the 35S promoter produced a red foliated phenotype, as expected. When the gene was driven by a fiber elongation-specific promoter, promoter of α-expansin 2 (PGbEXPA2), Re was specifically expressed in 5- to 10-day post-anthesis fibers rather than in other tissues, resulting in brown mature fibers. Re responded to light through phytochrome-interacting factor 4 and formed a dimer with transparent testa 8, which increased its expression as well as that of anthocyanin synthase and UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyl transferase, and thus activated the entire anthocyanin metabolism pathway. Our research has identified the red foliated mutant gene in cotton, which paves the way for detailed studies of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin metabolism and pigment accumulation in cotton and provides an alternative strategy for producing brown fiber.