bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial Toxicity Among Older Mexican Adults With Cancer and Their Families: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Sánchez-Román Sofia , Chavarri-Guerra Yanin , Vargas-Huicochea Ingrid , Alvarez del Río Asunción , Bernal Pérez Pilar , Morales Alfaro Andrea , Ramirez Maza Daniela , de la O Murillo Andrea , Flores-Estrada Diana , Arrieta Oscar , Soto-Perez-de-Celis Enrique 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE The financial toxicity (FT) of cancer is common among older adults in high-income countries, but little is known about the financial hardships faced by older patients with cancer living in developing countries. The aim of this study was to explore the financial burden of cancer among older Mexican adults and their relatives, as well as factors that might mitigate such burden. METHODS This mixed-methods study included patients age 65 years and older with the 10 most common malignancies in Mexico and 3-24 months from diagnosis at two cancer centers in Mexico City and their relatives. For the quantitative component, patients and relatives answered the Spanish version of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Financial Well-Being Scale. Patients completed the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity-Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT) scale and a 3-month, self-reported cost diary. For the qualitative component, focused interviews were used to explore the individual experiences of patients and their relatives. RESULTS Ninety-six patients and their relatives were included, of whom 45% had stage IV disease. On the COST-FACIT scale, 9% reported no FT, 52% mild FT, 39% moderate FT, and 0% severe FT. The mean Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Financial Well-Being Scale score was 45.2, with 78% reporting poor financial well-being (score ≤ 50). On cost diaries, most expenses were associated with purchasing medications, including chemotherapy. Focused interviews showed that most patients and relatives had to acquire debt to face costs of cancer care. CONCLUSION A high proportion of Mexican older adults with cancer reported FT and poor financial well-being. Understanding experiences associated with FT and strategies to mitigate it represents an essential first step to design public policies aimed at protecting older adults with cancer and their families from catastrophic spending.
Release of Ropinirole in Acrylate Transdermal Patches: Mutual Interactions Between Formulation Variables
Authors: Jesús Paterna-Paterna , Montserrat Miñarro-Carmona , Dolors Pujol-Dilme Mª , Ramon Ticó-Grau Josep , Antonio Boix-Montañés 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the cooperative interactions between formulation variables of ropinirole transdermal patches and characterize the effects of drug loading and crystallinity, degree of ionization and drug-polymer solubilization, functionalization of acrylate polymeric basis, and the addition of permeation enhancers over the release profiles. Several series of transdermal films based on carboxylic or hydroxylic acrylates (DuroTak®) and containing 1 to 10% ropinirole hydrochloride were laminated by mold-casting and evaporation. Formulations were characterized for crystallinity, drug particle size, drug assay, and residual solvents. Release profiles were obtained at different drug ionization state using paddle over disk apparatus. Mechanisms were elucidated with nonlinear data fitting of relevant release equations. Fickian and erosion processes were evaluated with the Peppas–Sahlin equation, and burst release risks were estimated as an independent term added to Higuchi kinetics. X-ray diffraction and microscopy evidenced differences in drug-polymer solubilization and density of drug crystals. Concerning drug release, area under the curve of dissolved quantities and release percentage were discriminant variables in mutual influence. Peppas–Shalin equation was the majority descriptor of release suggesting a combination of Fickian and erosion processes, revealing a decrease in the Fickian component as drug loading increased. Major burst release risks were evidenced mostly with Higuchi kinetics with vinylacetate acrylates. The carboxylic polymer without vinylacetate provided the best release extent, being more highly efficient as lower the drug loading was. Permeation enhancers with carboxylic or aliphatic radicals have, additionally, modified the release properties of ropinirole. Chemical interactions between the drug and acrylic polymers have been demonstrated. Only the effect with carboxylic polymer is pH dependent. The vinyl acetate comonomer reduces the drug release rate most effectively in formulations with low drug loads. The acrylic polymers without vinylacetate achieved the highest drug solubilization and thus the highest degree of release, providing a release of approximately 15% of the drug load.
Graphene Oxide-Based Multi-Component Antimicrobial Hydrogels
Authors: Nizami Mohammed Zahedul Islam , Campéon Benoît Denis Louis , Satoh Akira , Nishina Yuta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO)-based hydrogel composed of magnesium oxide (MgO) and povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is synthesized. GO in the hydrogel plays two roles; gelator by self-assembling and carrier for MgO and PVP-I. MgO particles act as cross-linking initiators and fillers that increase the cohesion and adhesion strengths of the hydrogels. Besides, MgO promotes antibacterial activities and regulates cellular activities over the lifetime of the hydrogel. In addition, PVP-I slowly releases free iodine from the hydrogel, exhibiting germicidal activity over time. A combination of GO, MgO, and PVP-I in the hydrogel exhibit improved electrical conductivity, fluid uptake ability, water retention capacity, water vapor transmission rate, and integrity value. Furthermore, the hydrogel has shown antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings are unique and indicate that GO-based hydrogel could be a promising material for biomedical application, especially for the treatment of pathological and surgical wounds.
The accuracy of Infrared sensor detection in a smart toilet
Authors: Lokman Amar , Rajendran Kirenraj , Ramasamy R Kanesaraj 
Published: March 2022

Background: Infrared (IR) sensors are useful tools for detecting distance and proximity. However, these sensors are not good at detecting edges of an area, therefore when used in a smart toilet it has difficulty in detecting the orientation and position of the user’s body. The aim of this study was to design an IR sensor for a smart toilet with a more accurate and consistent detection. Methods: A total of 12(six men and six women) participants with different body types were involved in this study. IR sensor detection was tested in the sitting and squatting toilets. For the best accuracy, the IR sensor's angle was measured. Red, blue, and red-blue plastic covers were used, as these colors improve precision. The microcontroller was set up to calculate the participant’s distance and presence in the cubicle. Results: Toilet positioning varied greatly depending on whether one is sitting or squatting. For sitting toilet, the red cover was close to the accurate distance at a 172˚ angle. IR detected a man but not a woman's body. The blue cover provided the same best angle of 172˚ with a higher sensor distance. When the red and blue cover combination was applied, the reading of 141cm detected both men and women, at 172˚ angle. The actual distance for squatting toilets was 158cm. The optimal angle for both red and blue covers was 176˚, however the sensor distance was greater for the blue cover. Finally, the red and blue cover combination gave a more accurate distance of up to 163cm from the actual reading, when detecting both genders at a normal angle of 76˚. Conclusion: The combination of red and blue cover gave the most accurate detection for the squatting and sitting toilets. The best angle for sitting was 172˚, and for squatting was 176˚.
Interactive Learning System for Learning Calculus
Authors: Rahman Md Asifur , Sook Ling Lew , Yin Ooi Shih 
Published: March 2022

Background: IT tools assist in creating a more participative and independent learning environment. They have brought a new perspective to collaborative learning where students do not just sit in a chair and swallow lecture content but instead participate in creating and sharing knowledge. However, interactivity promoted through the implementation of technology is limited in many cases. Purpose: This research develops an interactive application for learning calculus that promotes human-system interaction via augmented reality (AR) and human-human interaction through chat functions. The study examines the effect of both interactivities on learning experience and how that learning experience affects the performance of learning. Methods: The research adopted a quasi-experimental study design and pre-post test data analysis to evaluate the effect of interactivities on learning experience and consequently the effect of learning experience on learning performance. The subjects were exposed to the developed application for learning the calculus chapter ‘Revolution of Solids” in a controlled environment. The study validated its research framework through partial least squares path modelling and tested three hypotheses via pre-and post-test evaluation. Conclusions: The results found that both interactivities affect learning experience positively; human-human interactivity has a higher impact than human-system interactivity. It was also found that learning performance as part of the learning experience increased from pre-test to post-test.
An open-source natural language processing toolkit to support software development: addressing automatic bug detection, code summarisation and code search
Authors: Robledo Cristian , Sallicati Francesca , de Chalendar Gaël , Fernández Marcos , de Castro Pablo , Martín Eduardo , Gutiérrez Javier , Bouachera Yannis 
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to introduce the innovative work carried out in the Horizon 2020 DECODER project – acronym for “DEveloper COmpanion for Documented and annotatEd code Reference” – (Grant Agreement no. 824231) by linking the fields of natural language processing (NLP) and software engineering. The project as a whole addresses the development of a framework, namely the Persistent Knowledge Monitor (PKM), that acts as a central infrastructure to store, access, and trace all the data, information and knowledge related to a given software or ecosystem. This meta-model defines the knowledge base that can be queried and analysed by all the tools integrated and developed in DECODER. Besides, the DECODER project offers a friendly user interface where each of the predefined three roles (i.e., developers, maintainers and reviewers) can access and query the PKM with their personal accounts. The paper focuses on the NLP tools developed and integrated in the PKM, namely the deep learning models developed to perform variable misuse, code summarisation and semantic parsing. These were developed under a common work package – “Activities for the developer” – intended to precisely target developers, who can perform tasks such as detection of bugs, automatic generation of documentation for source code and generation of code snippets from natural languages instructions, among the multiple functionalities that DECODER offers. These tools assist and help the developers in the daily work, by increasing their productivity and avoiding loss of time in tedious tasks such as manual bug detection. Training and validation were conducted for four use cases in Java, C and C++ programming languages in order to evaluate the performance, suitability, usability, etc. of the developed tools.
Caught in an Expectations Trap: Risks of Giving Securities Analysts What They Expect
Authors: Bascle Guilhem , Jung Jiwook 
Published: March 2022

Although recent research shows that there is mounting pressure on firms to achieve earnings expectations of securities analysts, firms are far from being passive conformers; many firms proactively manage such pressure, particularly with earnings management tools. Yet why does the pressure to meet analyst expectations persist despite firms’ efforts to reduce it? To address the question, we develop an intertemporal model of the mutually reinforcing relationships between analyst expectations and firms’ strategic response, combining the behavioral theory of the firm and the concept of expectations trap. We argue that firms’ efforts to meet analyst expectations strengthen their salience as a predominant performance benchmark and, in doing so, ironically put them under greater pressure from analysts in three sequentially related steps—escalating future earnings expectations, imposing more severe penalties for failure to meet heightened expectations, and generating compensatory action for missed expectations. Our analysis, using data on more than 700 of the largest listed U.S. firms between 1986 and 2015, supports our arguments. Our study expands the scope of the behavioral theory of the firm, by demonstrating the increasing importance of performance feedback based on analyst expectations. Our study also contributes to the research on earnings pressure, by illuminating why the pressure persists despite firms’ efforts to reduce or evade it, and finally to the literature on strategic management of external expectations, by elaborating its unintended, long-term consequences. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1569 .
Non-dental Biofilm-induced Traumatic Gingival Lesion in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Nayak Prajna P , Giliyar Subraya Bhat , Kumar Saurabh , Nayak Rashmi , Alhareky Muhanad S 
Published: March 2022

Self-mutilation behaviours in individuals with normal intelligence are mostly habitual, but can sometimes be associated with emotional disturbances. A 6-year-old boy presented with pain in the gums of his upper back teeth. He was diagnosed with habitual gingival stripping secondary to irritation from chronic food impaction. Timely diagnosis and prompt intervention resulted in a favourable treatment outcome. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article illustrates a less common clinical presentation of gingivitis artefacta minor in a child.
Airway epithelial Paraoxonase-2 in obese asthma
Authors: Winnica Daniel Efrain , Monzon Anthony , Ye Shuyu , Vladar Eszter K. , Saal Maxwell , Cooney Riley , Liu Cuining , Sharma Sunita , Holguin Fernando 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundObesity in asthmatics has been associated with higher airway oxidative stress in which dysfunctional mitochondria are a potential contributing source of excess free radicals. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) plays an important role in reducing mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress and could, therefore, have therapeutic potential in these patients.ObjectivesWe used primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from asthmatics and healthy controls to evaluate: a) protein levels of Paraoxonase 2 and b) to test the potential protective effect of quercetin supplementation in cells under oxidative stress conditions.ResultsCompared to lean controls, obese asthmatics had significantly lower PON2 airway epithelial levels (respectively, 1.08 vs. 0.47 relative units normalized by GAPDH) (p-value < 0.006). Treating HBECs in vitro for 24 hrs. with 25μM quercetin significantly increased PON2 protein levels: 15.5 treated cells vs. 9.8 untreated cells (relative units normalized by GAPDH) (p value = 0.004). Notably, compared to untreated cells, quercetin supplementation reduces mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production on HBECs cells exposed to different oxidative stress triggers such as 1–2 Naphthoquinone (1–2 NQ) and hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that PON2 might play a protective role ameliorating oxidative injury on human airway epithelium.ConclusionCompared to lean controls, obese asthmatics have significantly reduced PON2 levels in airway epithelial cells. Treatment with quercetin in vitro increased PON2 protein levels and prevented oxidative stress from different types of stimuli. Hence, quercetin supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent obesity-mediated airway oxidative stress in obese asthmatics.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the city of Puerto Madryn: Underdiagnosis and relevance of children in the pandemic
Authors: Schonfeld Daniel , Fernández Hugo , Ramírez Julio , Acosta Denisse , Becerra Julián , Wettstein Magali , Strella Teresa , Vaccaro Marcelo , Arias Sergio , Rodríguez Calvo Vilma , Neme Roberto , Pérez-Chada Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Background
Reported cases of COVID-19 may be underestimated due to mild or asymptomatic cases and a low testing rate in the general population.

Research question
What is the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population and how it compares with the data on SARS-CoV-2 cases reported by a national health surveillance system (SNVS 2.0).

Study design and methods
This was a population-based, seroepidemiological, cross-sectional study in the city of Puerto Madryn, a middle size city in the Province of Chubut, Argentina. The study period was between March 3 and April 17, 2021. The sample size was calculated using the technique of calculation of confidence intervals for a proportion. Participants were selected using stratified and cluster probability sampling. A total of 1405 subjects were invited to participate in the study. Participants were divided into the following four age groups: 1) 0 to 14, 2) 15 to 39, 3) 40 to 64, and 4) 65 or older. After informed consent was obtained, a blood sample was taken by puncture of the fingertip, and a structured questionnaire was administered to evaluate demographics, socioeconomic status, level of education, comorbidities and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19.
COVID-19 seroprevalence was documented using an immunoenzymatic test for the in vitro detection of IgG antibodies specific to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.

Results
A total of 987 participants completed the survey. Seropositivity in the full study population was 39,2% and in those under 15 years of age, 47.1%. Cases reported by the SNSV 2.0 amounted to 9.35% of the total population and 1.4% of those under 15 years of age.

Interpretation
The prevalence of COVID-19 infection in the general population is four times higher than the number of cases reported by the SNVS 2.0 in the city of Puerto Madryn. For each child under the age of 15 identified by the SNVS 2.0 with COVID-19, there are more than 30 unrecognized infections. Seroepidemiological studies are important to define the real extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a particular community. Children may play a significant role in the progression of the current pandemic.
Status of the stateless population in Thailand: How does stigma matter in their life?
Authors: Kitchanapaibul Siwarak , Apidechkul Tawatchai , Srichan Peeradone , Mulikaburt Thanatchaporn , Singkhorn Onnalin , Udplong Anusorn , Upala Panupong , Chomchoei Chalitar , Yeemard Fartima , Tamornpark Ratipark , Wongnuch Pilasinee 
Published: March 2022

Background
The stateless population in Thailand live by accessing all public services, including the health care system. Stigma is a crucial factor impacting these individuals’ lives and their access to medical care. This study aimed to understand the experience of the stateless population in Thailand and how they overcome the problem of stigma.

Methods
A qualitative method was used to elicit information from key informants who were members of the stateless population, which was classified as those who did not hold Thai identification cards (IDs). A questionnaire was used to guide the interview, which was conducted in a private and confidential room. The interviews were conducted after voluntary agreement was obtained from the participants; each interview was held in August 2021 and lasted for approximately 45 minutes.

Results
Fifty-one people participated in the study; 68.6% were females, 86.3% were married, and 90.2% were Akha or Lahu. The stateless population in Thailand reported four types of perceived stigma: having a lower ability to request that their needs be met, not being equal to others, not being able to qualify for health care services and being ranked below other hill tribe people who have IDs. The phrase “life is nothing” was presented by the participants, who reported that they felt like an invisible population in Thailand. Some participants reported that other hill tribe people who have IDs act as stigma perpetuators among members of the stateless population who do not have IDs. Maintaining their privacy within their village, trying to obtain a Thai ID, and practicing the Thai language were the main ways of avoiding the stigma reported by the stateless population. Obtaining a Thai ID was detected as the top goal in their aim to overcome the stigma problem.

Conclusions
The stateless population in Thailand live as an invisible population and are negatively treated via various patterns from others. Accessing Thai IDs and education are argued to be the most effective procedures for addressing the problem under the implementation schemes of the relevant organizations.
Effect of rotating providers on chest compression performance during simulated neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Sandhu Tavleen , Szyld Edgardo G. , Anderson Michael P. , Shah Birju A. 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Simulation studies in adults and pediatrics demonstrate improvement in chest compression (CCs) quality as providers rotate every two minutes. There is paucity of studies in neonates on this matter. This study hypothesized that frequent rotation while performing CCs improves provider performance and decreases fatigue.

Study design
Prospective randomized, observational crossover study where 51 providers performed 3:1 compression-ventilation CPR as a pair on a term manikin. Participants performed CCs as part of 3 simulation models, rotating every 3, 5 and 10 minutes. Data on various CC metrics were collected. Participant vitals were recorded at multiple points during the simulation and participants reported their level of fatigue at completion of simulation.

Results
No statistically significant difference was seen in any of the compression metrics. However, differences in the providers’ fatigue scores were statistically significant.

Conclusion
CC performance metrics did not differ significantly, however, providers’ vital signs and self-reported fatigue scores significantly increased with longer CC durations.