bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of different imaging modalities for axillary lymph node staging in breast cancer patients to provide a personalized and optimized therapy algorithm
Authors: Diessner Joachim , Anders Laura , Herbert Saskia , Kiesel Matthias , Bley Thorsten , Schlaiss Tanja , Sauer Stephanie , Wöckel Achim , Bartmann Catharina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The reliable detection of tumor-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes for breast cancer [BC] patients plays a decisive role in further therapy. We aimed to find out whether cross-sectional imaging techniques could improve sensitivity for pretherapeutic axillary staging in nodal-positive BC patients compared to conventional imaging such as mammography and sonography.

Methods
Data for breast cancer patients with tumor-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes having received surgery between 2014 and 2020 were included in this study.
All examinations (sonography, mammography, computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) were interpreted by board-certified specialists in radiology. The sensitivity of different imaging modalities was calculated, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to detect variables influencing the detection of positive lymph nodes.

Results
All included 382 breast cancer patients had received conventional imaging, while 52.61% of the patients had received cross-sectional imaging.
The sensitivity of the combination of all imaging modalities was 68.89%. The combination of MRI and CT showed 63.83% and the combination of sonography and mammography showed 36.11% sensitivity.

Conclusion
We could demonstrate that cross-sectional imaging can improve the sensitivity of the detection of tumor-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. Only the safe detection of these lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis enables the evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant therapy, thereby allowing access to prognosis and improving new post-neoadjuvant therapies.
Entropy-Transport distances between unbalanced metric measure spaces
Authors: De Ponti Nicolò , Mondino Andrea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInspired by the recent theory of Entropy-Transport problems and by the$${\mathbf {D}}$$D-distance of Sturm onnormalisedmetric measure spaces, we define a new class of complete and separable distances between metric measure spaces of possibly different total mass. We provide several explicit examples of such distances, where a prominent role is played by a geodesic metric based on the Hellinger-Kantorovich distance. Moreover, we discuss some limiting cases of the theory, recovering the “pure transport”$${\mathbf {D}}$$D-distance and introducing a new class of “pure entropic” distances. We also study in detail the topology induced by such Entropy-Transport metrics, showing some compactness and stability results for metric measure spaces satisfying Ricci curvature lower bounds in a synthetic sense.
Thermo-Poromechanical Properties of Pierre II Shale
Authors: Agofack Nicolaine , Cerasi Pierre , Sønstebø Eyvind , Stenebråten Jørn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring the injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) operations, the near-well (including casing, cement, and rock around it) can undergo several thermal loadings. These loadings can significantly increase or decrease the pore pressure and can thus lead to mechanical failure of the cement sheath and rock formation. When these failures appear in the caprock, they can compromise the integrity of the storage site. The understanding of thermo-mechanical behaviour of a potential caprock shale is, therefore, of great importance for the success of CCS operations. In this paper, experiments were performed on Pierre II shale, under confining and initial pore pressures comparable to field conditions. A 60 °C loading amplitude (between 30 and 90 °C) was applied on the shale material both under undrained and drained conditions. The results, analysed within the framework of anisotropic thermo-poro-elasticity, highlight the anisotropic behaviour of the thermal expansion coefficients, as well as of the Skempton coefficient. The thermal pressurization coefficient was also evaluated and showed a potential pore pressure change as high as 0.11 MPa/°C.
On the mathematical fluid dynamics of atmospheric gravity (buoyancy) waves
Authors: Johnson R. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStarting from the general, governing equations for a viscous, compressible fluid written in rotating, spherical coordinates, with an associated prescription for its thermodynamics, we construct a general amplitude perturbation of the background state of the atmosphere. The background state, with a purely zonal flow (wind) is suitably non-dimensionalised and the thin-shell parameter introduced; this is the sole basis upon which we construct the asymptotic solution of this problem. A corresponding, but different, non-dimensionalisation is performed on the system representing the perturbation. This approach shows how the Boussinesq approximation arises, but it also shows that rotation (Coriolis) terms cannot be ignored. Furthermore, any consistent solution requires that changes in pressure, density and temperature, due to the passage of the wave, are all the same (asymptotic) size. Comparison is made with existing theories, and we comment on the new aspects that have been uncovered in this investigation. Finally, we indicate where these ideas might be taken in the future.
LCA as decision support tool in the food and feed sector: evidence from R&D case studies
Authors: Ott Denise , Goyal Shashank , Reuss Rosmarie , Gutzeit Herwig O. , Liebscher Jens , Dautz Jens , Degieter Margo , de Steur Hans , Zannini Emanuele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiomass waste and waste-derived feedstocks are important resources for the development of sustainable value-added products. However, the provision and preparation of biomass as well as all possible downstream processing steps need to be thoroughly analyzed to gain environmentally sound and economically viable products. Additionally, its impacts are substantially determined by decisions made at early development stages. Therefore, sustainability assessment methods can support to improve the production process, reduce waste, and costs and help decision-making, at the industrial as well as policy levels. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an analysis technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all product's life cycle stages. It is a well-established tool to drive development towards a sustainable direction, however, its application in the earlier research phase is surrounded by practical challenges. The overall objective of this paper is to provide an understanding of the environmental issues involved in the early stages of product and process development and the opportunities for life cycle assessment techniques to address these issues. Thus, herein two LCA case studies are presented, dealing with novel approaches for food and feed supply through implementing the valorization and upcycling of waste and side-streams, respectively. In both case studies, LCA is used as a decision support tool for R&D activities to launch environmentally sound products to market, as well as to highlight the usefulness of LCA for identifying environmental issues at an earlier stage of development, regardless of product, process, or service.
Computational Modelling for Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Colombo Matteo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I examine Reinforcement Learning (RL) modelling practice in psychiatry, in the context of alcohol use disorders. I argue that the epistemic roles RL currently plays in the development of psychiatric classification and search for explanations of clinically relevant phenomena are best appreciated in terms of Chang’s (2004) account of epistemic iteration, and by distinguishing mechanistic and aetiological modes of computational explanation.
High-throughput sequencing analysis of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes reveals a genetic signature of human longevity
Authors: Gonzalez Brenda , Tare Archana , Ryu Seungjin , Johnson Simon C. , Atzmon Gil , Barzilai Nir , Kaeberlein Matt , Suh Yousin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known contributor to aging and age-related diseases. The precise mechanisms through which mitochondria impact human lifespan, however, remain unclear. We hypothesize that humans with exceptional longevity harbor rare variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (mitonuclear genes) that confer resistance against age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we report an integrated functional genomics study to identify rare functional variants in ~ 660 mitonuclear candidate genes discovered by target capture sequencing analysis of 496 centenarians and 572 controls of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. We identify and prioritize longevity-associated variants, genes, and mitochondrial pathways that are enriched with rare variants. We provide functional gene variants such as those in MTOR (Y2396Lfs*29), CPS1 (T1406N), and MFN2 (G548*) as well as LRPPRC (S1378G) that is predicted to affect mitochondrial translation. Taken together, our results suggest a functional role for specific mitonuclear genes and pathways in human longevity.
Algorithmus zur konservativen Behandlung von proximalen Humerusfrakturen
Authors: Razaeian Sam , Krettek Christian , Hawi Nael 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie proximale Humerusfraktur ist eine häufige Verletzung mit steigender Inzidenz. Die aktuelle S1-Leitlinie „Oberarmkopffraktur“ der federführenden Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie e. V. (DGU) hält zwar fest, dass ein Großteil dieser Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden kann. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, wie genau sich jene konservative Therapie gestalten lässt. Nationale wie internationale Unterschiede in der Therapie unterstreichen ein uneinheitliches Management und den fehlenden Konsens in der Behandlung dieser so häufigen Verletzung. Im folgenden Artikel soll ein Einblick in die Erfahrungen der Autoren gewährt und eine mögliche alltagstaugliche Entscheidungshilfe vorgestellt werden, mit welcher diese stetig zunehmende Verletzungsart erfolgreich konservativ behandelt werden kann. Die Erfahrungen stützen sich dabei auf einen Patientenstrom von jährlich mehr als 200 Patienten eines Level-1-Traumazentrumes, von denen zwischen 01/2016 bis 09/2021 jährlich ca. 80 % erfolgreich einer konservativen Therapie zugeführt werden konnten und im Rahmen einer prospektiven Observationsstudie, dem Hannover Humerusregister (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03060876), systematisch nachkontrolliert wurden.
Total knee replacements using rotating hinge implants in polio patients: clinical and functional outcomes
Authors: Digennaro V. , Manzetti M. , Bulzacki Bogucki B. D. , Barile F. , Panciera A. , Viroli G. , Ferri R. , Cecchin D. , Ruffilli A. , Faldini C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLittle evidences are available in the literature concerning the outcomes of total knee replacement (TKR) in poliomyelitis patients with severe knee deformities or degeneration. Encouraging results have been reported concerning the use of constrained implants, i.e., rotating hinge knee prosthesis (RHK), compared to less constrained ones. The purpose of this paper is to report our experience with rotating hinge total knee replacement, using only RHK prosthesis, to determine functional results, complications, and survival of TKR in poliomyelitis patients. We performed a retrospective chart review of 14 patients with a history of knee osteoarthritis following poliomyelitis that underwent primary TKR, for a total of 15 surgical procedure (one bilateral case). Preoperative and postoperative clinical measurements have been conducted for all patients using the Knee Society Score (KSS). Hip-knee angle, recurvatum knee angle, and Insall-Salvati index were evaluated with full weight-bearing panoramic view X-ray preoperatively and postoperatively. The 2-year postoperative clinical KSS significantly improved from the preoperative scores. The average clinical KSS improved from 32,9 (range 3–48) preoperatively to 77,4 (range 60–88) postoperatively (P value < 0.005). The average functional KSS improved from 32,5 (range 10–60) preoperatively to 59,4 (range 30–95) postoperatively (P value < 0.005). TKR is a successful treatment in improving knee function and patient’s quality of life. Using constrained implants, especially rotating hinge implants in polio patients with a quadriceps muscle weakness, could be a good alternative to maintain a physiological kinematics and reducing the revision rate due to knee instability.
BoT-Net: a lightweight bag of tricks-based neural network for efficient LncRNA–miRNA interaction prediction
Authors: Asim Muhammad Nabeel , Ibrahim Muhammad Ali , Zehe Christoph , Trygg Johan , Dengel Andreas , Ahmed Sheraz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and objective:

Interactions of long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) with micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) play an essential role in gene regulation, cellular metabolic, and pathological processes. Existing purely sequence based computational approaches lack robustness and efficiency mainly due to the high length variability of lncRNA sequences. Hence, the prime focus of the current study is to find optimal length trade-offs between highly flexible length lncRNA sequences.

Method

The paper at hand performs in-depth exploration of diverse copy padding, sequence truncation approaches, and presents a novel idea of utilizing only subregions of lncRNA sequences to generate fixed-length lncRNA sequences. Furthermore, it presents a novel bag of tricks-based deep learning approach “Bot-Net” which leverages a single layer long-short-term memory network regularized through DropConnect to capture higher order residue dependencies, pooling to retain most salient features, normalization to prevent exploding and vanishing gradient issues, learning rate decay, and dropout to regularize precise neural network for lncRNA–miRNA interaction prediction.

Results

BoT-Net outperforms the state-of-the-art lncRNA–miRNA interaction prediction approach by 2%, 8%, and 4% in terms of accuracy, specificity, and matthews correlation coefficient. Furthermore, a case study analysis indicates that BoT-Net also outperforms state-of-the-art lncRNA–protein interaction predictor on a benchmark dataset by accuracy of 10%, sensitivity of 19%, specificity of 6%, precision of 14%, and matthews correlation coefficient of 26%.

Conclusion

In the benchmark lncRNA–miRNA interaction prediction dataset, the length of the lncRNA sequence varies from 213 residues to 22,743 residues and in the benchmark lncRNA–protein interaction prediction dataset, lncRNA sequences vary from 15 residues to 1504 residues. For such highly flexible length sequences, fixed length generation using copy padding introduces a significant level of bias which makes a large number of lncRNA sequences very much identical to each other and eventually derail classifier generalizeability. Empirical evaluation reveals that within 50 residues of only the starting region of long lncRNA sequences, a highly informative distribution for lncRNA–miRNA interaction prediction is contained, a crucial finding exploited by the proposed BoT-Net approach to optimize the lncRNA fixed length generation process.

Availability:

BoT-Net web server can be accessed at https://sds_genetic_analysis.opendfki.de/lncmiRNA/.

Graphic Abstract
Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Mechanisms of Change of the Internet-Based Intervention StudiCare Mindfulness for College Students: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Küchler Ann-Marie , Kählke Fanny , Vollbrecht Danielle , Peip Katharina , Ebert David D. , Baumeister Harald 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
College is an exhilarating but stressful time often associated with mental distress. The StudiCare project offers Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMI) for college student mental health promotion. Within this framework, we evaluated the IMI StudiCare Mindfulness, and examined potential moderators and mediators of effectiveness.

Methods
In this randomized controlled trial, 150 college students with low to moderate mindfulness were randomly assigned to StudiCare Mindfulness or a waitlist control group (WL). StudiCare Mindfulness comprises 5 weekly online modules based on Acceptance Commitment Therapy and stress management. Assessments took place before (t0) and 6 weeks after (t1) randomization. Primary outcome was mindfulness. Secondary outcomes were stress, depression, anxiety, quality of life, intervention satisfaction, and adherence. Sociodemographic variables, pre-intervention symptomatology, personality traits, and attitudes towards IMI were examined as potential moderators.

Results
Intention-to-treat analyses (N = 149) showed a large effect of StudiCare Mindfulness on mindfulness (d = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.01–1.73) compared to WL at t1 (β = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.96–1.40). Effects on secondary outcomes were significant in favor of the intervention group except for physical quality of life. Mindfulness was found to mediate intervention effectiveness on depression, anxiety, and stress. Moderation analysis was non-significant except for baseline openness to experience, with lower openness associated with larger intervention effects on mindfulness.

Conclusions
This trial suggests that StudiCare Mindfulness may enhance mindfulness and reduce mental health problems. Its potential applicability as low-threshold prevention and treatment option on a population level should be subject to future trials.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Studies Trial Register TRN: DRKS00012559.
Finding Your Identity and Partner in a Trade Mark? Consumption, Innovation and the Law
Authors: Lai Jessica C. , Williams Janine L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTrade marks are not traditionally considered to be central to innovation because they do not need to be innovative to be protected. Instead, trade marks are used to indicate the source of products and services. Of course, if consumers could not determine the source, this would reduce the incentive for traders to compete through innovative products and services. Here, we argue that trade marks implicate innovation in yet another way. Namely, because consumption can be based on identity characteristics and personality traits of trade marks, which can result in consumer-brand relationships that are either or both identity-related and/or partner-like, companies have incentives to innovate in accordance with the identity characteristics and personality traits. Failure to do so can result in negative reactions from consumers and relationship break-ups, which impacts innovation selection and hence societal good. We explore the implications of this for trade mark law theory and practice.
Investment expectations by vulnerable European firms in times of COVID
Authors: Coad Alex , Amaral-Garcia Sofia , Bauer Peter , Domnick Clemens , Harasztosi Peter , Pál Rozália , Teruel Mercedes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of the COVID shock on European economies has been severe and also unequal, with some firms being affected much more strongly than others. To improve the effectiveness of policy interventions, policymakers need to understand which types of vulnerable firms have been suddenly pushed into dire circumstances. We seek to fill this important gap in our knowledge by providing evidence from the European Investment Bank Investment Survey 2016–2020 on how the COVID shock has affected the investment activity and investment-related framework conditions of vulnerable firms. While data on actual investment activity post-COVID is not yet available to us, we focus on investment expectations. We exploit the fact that the same questions relating to investment expectations have been asked in several previous survey waves, which enables a difference-in-differences approach to investigate how investment expectations might have suddenly changed, for vulnerable groups of firms, immediately after the onset of the COVID crisis. We focus on 4 groups of vulnerable firms: High-Growth Enterprises (HGEs), young and small firms, R&D investors and non-subsidiary firms. R&D investors are more likely to be pessimistic about investment plans as a consequence of the COVID shock, and (similarly) HGEs are less likely to be optimistic about investment plans. R&D investors are less likely to be optimistic about the availability of internal finance, while HGEs and R&D investors are more likely to be pessimistic about the availability of external finance. Subsidiary firms, interestingly, are more likely to report a decrease in expected investment, which is not necessarily evidence of financial constraints, because it could instead be part of a conservative group-level strategy and coordinated group-level reduction in investment. Event study graphs generally confirm our regression results.
Optimizing Tree-Based Contrast Subspace Mining Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Sia Florence , Alfred Rayner 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMining contrast subspace is a task of finding contrast subspace where a given query object is most similar to a target class but dissimilar to non-target class in a multidimensional data set. Recently, tree-based contrast subspace mining method has been introduced to find contrast subspace in numerical data set effectively. However, the contrast subspace search of the tree-based method may be trapped in local optima within the search space. This paper proposes a tree-based method which incorporates genetic algorithm to optimize the contrast subspace search by identifying global optima contrast subspace. The experiment results showed that the proposed method performed well on several cases compared to the variation of the tree-based method.
Reconstituting the Code of Capital: could a progressive European code of private law help us reduce inequality and regain democratic control?
Authors: Hesselink Martijn W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKatharina Pistor’s powerful critique of the key role that private law plays in creating private wealth, producing inequalities, and undermining democracy, raises the urgent question of what could be done to set things right or, at least, could be a step in the right direction. This article argues that a progressive European code of private law could be a meaningful part of the solution. A progressive private law code would be a code aimed at making progress towards a more just society, where there is less inequality and where we have more democratic control over our future. The progressive EPL-code would be completely different, in crucial respects, from the civil codes of the member states. It would be European (not national), be mandatory (not optional), have ‘constitutional’ ie primary EU law status (not merely secondary), consist of fundamental principles (not detailed rules), prioritise justice (not economic growth), and be radically democratic (not technocratic).