bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representations within the Intraparietal Sulcus Distinguish Numerical Tasks and Formats
Authors: Koch Griffin E. , Libertus Melissa E. , Fiez Julie A. , Coutanche Marc N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
How does our brain understand the number five when it is written as an Arabic numeral, and when presented as five fingers held up? Four facets have been implicated in adult numerical processing: semantic, visual, manual, and phonological/verbal. Here, we ask how the brain represents each, using a combination of tasks and stimuli. We collected fMRI data from adult participants while they completed our novel “four number code” paradigm. In this paradigm, participants viewed one of two stimulus types to tap into the visual and manual number codes, respectively. Concurrently, they completed one of two tasks to tap into the semantic and phonological/verbal number codes, respectively. Classification analyses revealed that neural codes representing distinctions between the number comparison and phonological tasks were generalizable across format (e.g., Arabic numerals to hands) within intraparietal sulcus (IPS), angular gyrus, and precentral gyrus. Neural codes representing distinctions between formats were generalizable across tasks within visual areas such as fusiform gyrus and calcarine sulcus, as well as within IPS. Our results identify the neural facets of numerical processing within a single paradigm and suggest that IPS is sensitive to distinctions between semantic and phonological/verbal, as well as visual and manual, facets of number representations.
‘Sauté Urbanisation’
Authors: Diana Antonella 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the last 20 years of economic reforms, China has embraced an explicit policy of urbanisation. In the literature, space and place-making are often perceived as distinct or conflicting dimensions of urban change, whereby the former is severed from or dominates the latter. By focusing on the multi-ethnic south-western frontier of Yunnan, this paper explores the effects of recent urbanisation on Tai ethnic minority communities in the expanding border city of Jinghong. It suggests that we need to conceptualise urbanisation in dialectic terms rather than as a dichotomy. Drawing on Massey (2005), it analyses space through the prism of ‘multiplicity’, ‘interrelation’, and ‘openness’ and place through its interconnection with the broader power geometries of space. Specifically, the paper argues that urbanisation can produce a two-way dynamic whereby space co-opts place and place permeates space through consensus, in the guise of ‘ethnic modernity’. The resulting ‘sauté urbanisation’ captures these mutually informing practices of space construction and place-making.
Right Inferior Parietal Lobule Causally Contributes to Stimulus Encoding for Temporal Order and Duration Perception: Evidence from Stimulus–Stimulant Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Reid Matthew J. , Wilson Daniel A. , Lee Kwang-Hyuk 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Temporal-order judgment (TOJ) and duration perception are fundamental aspects of subjective time experience. Previous research indicates that both may involve the inferior parietal lobe (IPL), yet the two have been studied in different contexts. This study sought to determine whether the IPL causally contributes to the temporal stimulus encoding process in TOJ and duration perception. To this end, we utilized single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as both a task stimulus and a disruptive stimulant. We combined the two tasks into an adaptive staircase method and measured both discrimination thresholds and reaction times. In a 2 × 2 within-subjects design, 24 participants performed the two tasks over two separate days (left or right IPL). Discrimination thresholds during both tasks were significantly higher in right IPL than left IPL conditions, without significant reaction time differences between the conditions. We thus provide a shared neural substrate within the right IPL, which subserves both temporal-order judgment and duration perception by encoding temporal representations. Our novel use of single-pulse TMS would be useful for other TMS studies in terms of the ability to selectively disrupt the stimulus encoding process and experimental efficiency.
A Recurrent Neural Network Model Accounts for Both Timing and Working Memory Components of an Interval Discrimination Task
Authors: Chinoy Rehan B. , Tanwar Ashita , Buonomano Dean V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Interval discrimination is of fundamental importance to many forms of sensory processing, including speech and music. Standard interval discrimination tasks require comparing two intervals separated in time, and thus include both working memory (WM) and timing components. Models of interval discrimination invoke separate circuits for the timing and WM components. Here we examine if, in principle, the same recurrent neural network can implement both. Using human psychophysics, we first explored the role of the WM component by varying the interstimulus delay. Consistent with previous studies, discrimination was significantly worse for a 250 ms delay, compared to 750 and 1500 ms delays, suggesting that the first interval is stably stored in WM for longer delays. We next successfully trained a recurrent neural network (RNN) on the task, demonstrating that the same network can implement both the timing and WM components. Many units in the RNN were tuned to specific intervals during the sensory epoch, and others encoded the first interval during the delay period. Overall, the encoding strategy was consistent with the notion of mixed selectivity. Units generally encoded more interval information during the sensory epoch than in the delay period, reflecting categorical encoding of short versus long in WM, rather than encoding of the specific interval. Our results demonstrate that, in contrast to standard models of interval discrimination that invoke a separate memory module, the same network can, in principle, solve the timing, WM, and comparison components of an interval discrimination task.
Assimilation of Radio Occultation Data Using Measurement-Based Observation Error Specification: Preliminary Results
Authors: Zhang Hailing , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Sokolovskiy Sergey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The local spectral width (LSW) of a radio occultation (RO) observation in impact parameter representation is a useful parameter for providing information on the uncertainty associated with the RO bending angle measurement. The LSW can potentially be used to specify the bending angle observation error (BaOE) in the lower troposphere for each individual sounding. This study assesses the usefulness and limitations of LSW in representing BaOE for a global data assimilation system. A two-step scheme is proposed to derive profile-dependent BaOE from LSW. Since the LSW-based BaOE varies with each individual RO observation, it is here designated as a dynamic BaOE (DBOE) in contrast to the traditional statistics-based BaOE specification. A benchmark control run and two sensitivity experiments are conducted with continuous cycling data assimilation using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) and Global Forecast System (GFS). The usefulness and impact of the LSW-based DBOE are evaluated using radiosonde observations and global analyses. Results show that DBOE is able to improve the assimilation of RO data, leading to better forecast skill scores. Another experiment, in which the GSI statistical observation error of the benchmark run is replaced by the average of LSW-based DBOE, shows that the ability to assign larger weighting for high-quality observation and lower weighting for low-quality observation is the key factor for the success of the LSW-based DBOE.
A Deep Learning Model for Estimating Tropical Cyclone Wind Radius from Geostationary Satellite Infrared Imagery
Authors: Wang Chong , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article developed a deep learning (DL) model for estimating tropical cyclone (TC) 34-, 50-, and 64-kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) wind radii in four quadrants from infrared images in the global ocean. We collected 63 675 TC images from 2004 to 2016 and divided them into three periods (2004–12, 2013–14, and 2015–16) for model training, validation, and testing. First, four DL-based radius estimation models were developed to estimate the TC wind radius for each of the four quadrants. Then, the entire original images and the one-quarter-quadrant subimages were included in the model training for each quadrant. Last, we modified the mean absolute error (MAE) loss function in these DL-based models to reduce the side effect of an unbalanced distribution of wind radii and developed an asymmetric TC wind radius estimation model globally. The comparison of model results with the best-track data of TCs shows that the MAEs of 34-kt wind radius are 18.8, 19.5, 18.6, and 18.8 n mi (1 n mi = 1.852 km) for the northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest quadrants, respectively. The MAEs of 50-kt wind radius are 11.3, 11.3, 11.1, and 10.8 n mi, respectively, and the MAEs of 64-kt wind radius are 8.9, 9.9, 9.2, and 8.7 n mi, respectively. These results represent a 12.1%–35.5% improvement over existing methods in the literature. In addition, the DL-based models were interpreted with two deep visualization toolboxes. The results indicate that the TC eye, cloud, and TC spiral structure are the main factors that affect the model performance.
Characteristics of Warm Season Heavy Rainfall in Minnesota
Authors: Laiho Rory , Friedrich Katja , Winters Andrew C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Warm season heavy rainfall in Minnesota can lead to flooding with serious impacts on life and infrastructure. Situated in a transition zone between humid eastern and semiarid western conditions in the United States, Minnesota experiences large spatial variability in precipitation. Previous research has often lacked spatiotemporal detail important for heavy rainfall analysis for Minnesota. This research used Stage-IV hourly precipitation data with 4-km grid spacing during May–September 2004–20 to analyze Minnesota spatial, seasonal, and event-based characteristics. Rain event frequency, accumulation, hours, and intensities were compared for all rain events (>2.5 mm) and heavy rain events (>36 mm). For all rain events, results showed the highest regional median monthly rain event frequency (>6 events) in June and the lowest (<5 events) in September. Median monthly accumulations were largest (∼75 mm) in June, followed by July and August. Monthly total rain event hours at a point peaked around 20 h in May in southeastern Minnesota. Smaller event accumulations occurred more frequently than larger accumulations, and event mean intensities were higher in summertime (June–August) than in May and September for rain events and heavy rain events. Heavy rain event region-based analyses showed monthly peaks for frequency in July–August, accumulation in July, and event hours in June–July and September. Median heavy rain event durations were shorter during June–August than in May and September. Monthly heavy rain event accumulation as a percent of all rain event accumulation was greatest in September (24%). These results establish a foundation for future research into precipitation patterns and trends.

Significance Statement
Climate analysis has indicated that Minnesota is in a region where increases in heavy rainfall are anticipated for the future. Heavy rainfall in Minnesota has led to flooding with severe adverse impacts. This study addresses a gap in information about heavy precipitation in Minnesota and provides heavy rainfall analyses useful for climate-related planning. Stage-IV hourly precipitation data for the warm season (May–September) during 2004–20 enabled the identification of rain events and heavy rain events, as well as their characteristic frequency, rainfall accumulation, duration, and intensity. The results help establish a baseline for past and future analyses of precipitation patterns and trends. They also build a foundation for future research investigating the weather patterns that lead to heavy rainfall.
Achilles Tendons Display Region-Specific Transcriptomic Signatures Associated With Distinct Mechanical Properties
Authors: Disser Nathaniel P. , Piacentini Alexander N. , De Micheli Andrea J. , Schonk Martin M. , Yao Vincent J.H. , Deng Xiang-Hua , Oliver David J. , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Previous studies have examined the transcriptomes and mechanical properties of whole tendons in different regions of the body. However, less is known about these characteristics within a single tendon. Purpose: To develop a regional transcriptomic atlas and evaluate the region-specific mechanical properties of Achilles tendons. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Achilles tendons from 2-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were used. Tendons were isolated and divided into proximal, middle, and distal thirds for RNA sequencing (n = 5). For mechanical testing, the Achilles muscle-tendon-calcaneus unit was mounted in a custom-designed materials testing system with the unit clamped over the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) and the calcaneus secured at 90° of dorsiflexion (n = 9). Tendons were stretched to 20 N at a constant speed of 0.0167 mm/s. Cross-sectional area, strain, stress, and Young modulus were determined in each tendon region. Results: An open-access, interactive transcriptional atlas was generated that revealed distinct gene expression signatures in each tendon region. The proximal and distal regions had the largest differences in gene expression, with 2596 genes significantly differentially regulated at least 1.5-fold ( q < .01). The proximal tendon displayed increased expression of genes resembling a tendon phenotype and increased expression of nerve cell markers. The distal region displayed increases in genes involved in extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling, immune cell regulation, and a phenotype similar to cartilage and bone. There was a 3.72-fold increase in Young modulus from the proximal to middle region ( P < .01) and an additional 1.34-fold increase from the middle to distal region ( P = .027). Conclusion: Within a single tendon, there are region-specific transcriptomic signatures and mechanical properties, and there is likely a gradient in the biological and functional phenotype from the proximal origin at the MTJ to the distal insertion at the enthesis. Clinical Relevance: These findings improve our understanding of the underlying biological heterogeneity of tendon tissue and will help inform the future targeted use of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies for patients with tendon disorders.
Feasibility of Acupuncture and Exploration of Metabolomic Alterations for Psychoneurological Symptoms Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Li Hongjin , Schlaeger Judith M. , Patil Crystal L. , Danciu Oana C. , Xia Yinglin , Sun Jun , Doorenbos Ardith Z. 
Published: October 2022

Objective Approximately 24–68% of breast cancer survivors report co-occurring psychoneurological symptoms of pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety during and after cancer treatment. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of acupuncture for the treatment of multiple psychoneurological symptoms among breast cancer survivors and explore metabolomic changes before and after acupuncture. Methods We conducted a single-arm, prospective pilot study of breast cancer survivors with at least two moderate to severe psychoneurological symptoms (>3 on a 0–10 scale). Acupuncture was administered twice weekly for 5 weeks, for 30 minutes per session. Along with Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires, a fasting serum comprehensive hydrophilic metabolites panel was analyzed at baseline and after acupuncture. Results Eight participants (mean age 52.5 ± 10.9 years; 62.5% Black) were enrolled. Feasibility was supported, with 67% recruitment, 87.5% retention, and 98% acceptability. Post intervention, PROMIS T-scores were reduced for all psychoneurological symptoms. Significant differences in serum metabolites before and after acupuncture were F-1,6/2,6-DP, glutathione disulfide, phosphorylcholine, 6-methylnicotinamide, glutathione, and putrescine (variable importance of projection values larger than 1.5 and p values <0.05). Pathway analysis indicated that glutathione metabolism ( p = 0.002, q = 0.071), and arginine and proline metabolisms ( p = 0.009, q = 0.166) were potentially involved in mechanisms of acupuncture. Conclusions Acupuncture to reduce multiple psychoneurological symptoms among breast cancer survivors was feasible and acceptable. Study findings also shed light on the metabolic pathways involved in the acupuncture response and will be tested in future studies.
Kratom-Associated Mixed Cholestatic-Hepatocellular Liver Injury in a Patient With Long COVID: A case Report
Authors: Thewjitcharoen Yotsapon , Krittiyawong Sirinate , Nakasatien Soontaree , Himathongkam Thep 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Mitragyna speciosa (commonly known as kratom) has both opioid and stimulant-like effects. Recently, Thailand decriminalized the possession and sale of kratom which led people in many areas to seek income from the sale of kratom at a time of widespread unemployment due to COVID-19. Here, we report a patient with post-COVID syndrome who developed a mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular liver injury secondary to kratom. Case presentation: A 23-year-old Thai man was seen for an evaluation of fatigue and nausea which was soon followed by pruritus, dark urine and jaundice. The patient had no known underlying disease but had been treated with mild COVID-19 pneumonia in the past 2 months. He reported taking kratom recreationally for 2 weeks as a treatment for his post-COVID insomnia. Kratom was purchased from a friend and used in a homemade iced cocktail called “4 × 100” consisting of Coca-Cola, tea made from boiled kratom leaves, and diphenhydramine-containing cough syrup which has been popular in Southernmost provinces of Thailand. His lab workup showed his total bilirubin to be 10.6 mg/dL, aspartate aminotransferase was 642 U/L, and alanine aminotransferase was 1635 U/L. Extensive workups including viral etiologies was negative. Abdominal ultrasound revealed normal liver and no cirrhosis. The case was managed conservatively for 5 days in the hospital by giving intravenous fluid and stopping all medications. Urine toxicology screening confirmed the presence of mitragynine and diphenhydramine. He was in a stable condition with normalized liver function tests at 3 months after discharge. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to health consequences and this case highlights the importance of kratom as potential cause of acute liver injury. Future studies should accumulate further case series and identify kratom-user subgroups or the polydrug patterns of kratom use that are at heightened risk of severe liver injury.
Safety of Intravenous Iron in CKD Stage 3-5 Patients Not on Dialysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: AlSahow Ali , AlYousef Anas , Nawar Hani , AlHelal Bassam , AlQallaf Ahmed , AlMuhaiteeb Abdullah , ElSharkawi Yasser , AlRajab Heba , Ali Hamad , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: October 2022

Background: Iron deficiency is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients not on dialysis (ND). Restoring depleted iron stores through intravenous (IV) route is faster and associated with less side effects. There is conflicting data regarding intravenous iron use and its impact on clinical outcomes in this population. Objective: This study aims at evaluating any negative clinical impact associated with IV iron use in CKD patients at stages (3-5) before dialysis. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting and Population: Chart analysis of ND CKD 3-5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) patients who received IV iron between January 2013 and January 2018 in 3 major hospitals in Kuwait. Methods: Outcomes analyzed were rates of all-cause hospitalizations, infection-related hospitalizations, mortality rates, and eGFR decline over 12 months after IV iron infusion in this population divided into 3 groups according to CKD stage. Results: A total of 738 patients were included in our analysis. Mean initial hemoglobin concentration was 111.5 ± 15.0 g/L in group 1 (CKD 3: eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2), 103.6 ± 17.7 g/L in group 2 (CKD 4: eGFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2), and 99.4 ± 14.5 g/L in group 3 (CKD 5: eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 but not on dialysis). All-cause hospitalization and infection-related hospitalization were more common among group 3 subjects (adjusted odds ratio =2.12 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.32-3.41] and 2.02 [95% CI: 1.15-3.55]), respectively. No deaths occurred during 12 months of follow-up. Limitations: Lack of control group, retrospective study. Conclusion: Intravenous iron use in CKD 3-5 ND is generally safe. Higher hospitalization rates in patients with eGFR <30 mL/min are possibly associated with lower baseline hemoglobin, lower baseline eGFR, and higher comorbidity burden, and not related to iron infusion.
CD11c regulates neutrophil maturation
Authors: Hou Lifei , Voit Richard A. , Shibamura-Fujiogi Miho , Koutsogiannaki Sophia , Li Yunan , Chen Yue , Luo Hongbo , Sankaran Vijay G. , Yuki Koichi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sepsis continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, sepsis is managed only conservatively. In sepsis, a substantial number of neutrophils is required, leading to accelerated neutrophil production. Immature neutrophils are released into the circulation to meet a demand, despite their less effective functioning in microbial eradication. Although an intervention to provide more mature neutrophils may serve as a potential sepsis treatment, the mechanism of neutrophil differentiation and maturation remains poorly understood. We discovered that CD11c, traditionally known as a dendritic cell marker, was expressed in neutrophils and regulated neutrophil maturation and effector functions. In the absence of CD11c, neutrophil maturation was impaired in the bone marrow, concomitant with a significant increase in the proliferation and apoptosis of preneutrophils, associated with less effector functions. Under lipopolysaccharide challenge, inducing an emergent neutrophil production in the bone marrow, CD11c deficiency exaggerated the release of immature neutrophils into the circulation, associated with a significant proliferation and apoptosis of preneutrophils. In contrast, constitutively active CD11c knock-in mice showed accelerated neutrophil maturation associated with enhanced effector functions, which further supports the notion that CD11c regulates neutrophil maturation. Furthermore, the constitutively active CD11c knock-in mice offered enhanced bacterial eradication. Taken together, we discovered that CD11c was critical for the regulation of neutrophil maturation, and CD11c activation could serve as a potential target for sepsis treatment.