bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental exposure to organophosphate esters and suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults: A mixture analysis
Authors: Chai Haisheng , Hu Weiye , Dai Yaoyao , Zhu Xiaohan , Qian Ping'an , Zhu Junfeng 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. We evaluated NAFLD using the US FLI to determine whether there is an association between urinary organophosphorus (OPE) levels and the “prevalence” of NAFLD in US individuals.MethodsThe current study included 1,102 people aged 20 years and older with information from the 2011–2014 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD was assessed using the U.S. FLI. Individual OPE metabolites and OPE combinations were linked to NAFLD using logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. All analyzes were carried out separately on males and females. The possible impacts of age, serum total testosterone (TT), and menopausal state, as well as the importance of the interaction term with exposure, were investigated using stratified analysis.ResultsBis (2-chloroethyl) phosphate and bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate were associated with NAFLD in all males after adjusting for covariates (P &lt; 0.05). A combination of OPEs (OPE index) was positively linked with NAFLD in the WQS analysis of all males (odds ratio for OPE index: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.19). Stratified analyzes for males revealed that considerable connections were largely confined to individuals over 60 years old or with low total testosterone. In women, the connection was limited and inconsistent, except for the OPE index, which was positively linked with NAFLD in post-menopausal women.ConclusionsIn this study, environmental exposure to OPE was linked to an elevated risk of NAFLD in males, particularly those over 60 years old or with low TT levels. Aside from the continuous positive connection of a combination of OPEs with NAFLD risk in post-menopausal women, these correlations were weaker in women. However, these findings should be taken with caution and verified in future investigations by collecting numerous urine samples in advance to strengthen OPE exposure estimates.
Specific steps in the operation determine resident speed: Experience with a live tissue simulation model of laparoscopic nephrectomy
Authors: Eber Jackson , Peterson Andrew C. 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionIt is increasingly important to identify and eliminate inefficiencies in resident education. We hypothesize that slower performance of specific operative steps in laparoscopic nephrectomy accounts for much of the slower operative speed observed in junior residents vs. their senior colleagues. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the by-step time-differential between experienced senior residents and their junior colleagues in a live-tissue simulation.Materials and methodsResidents participated in our swine model surgical simulation of laparoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy (LRNx and LPNx). PGY5 and 6 residents were considered senior; junior residents were PGY3 and 4. We defined discrete surgical steps. Residents' post-graduate training levels were tracked and time-to-completion of each operative step was recorded.ResultsSeven live-tissue simulations sessions took place, with 12 residents conducting 22 operations (12 LRNx, 10 LPNx). On average, each resident operated in 2 simulation sessions (range 1–4). The average time required by senior residents for LPNx was 152 min; junior residents required 173 min (p = 0.35). When considering the operative steps, juniors required nearly twice as much time to achieve hilar control (42 min vs. 23 min, p = 0.03). Significant differences in performance time were not seen in the other steps.DiscussionThe performance differential between senior and junior residents conducting nephrectomies was most evident during hilar dissection. Our study suggests that specific efforts should be focused on teaching junior residents the skills required for this step early in their training.
Cmcrf1, a Putative Zn2Cys6 Fungal Transcription Factor, Is Involved in Conidiation, Carotenoid Production, and Fruiting Body Development in Cordyceps militaris
Authors: He Ronglin , Zhang Lin , Lan Jinling , Mei Shengjie , Li Yu 
Published: October 2022

Cordyceps militaris is a high-value medicinal and edible fungus that produces many bioactive compounds, including carotenoid, and thus, improving the carotenoid productivity of C. militaris will increase its commercial value. However, little is known about the genetic regulatory mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis in C. militaris. To further understanding the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis, we performed a large-scale screen of T-DNA insertional mutant library and identified a defective mutant, denoted T111, whose colonies did not change color from white to yellow upon exposure to light. Mutation analysis confirmed that a single T-DNA insertion occurred in the gene encoding a 695-amino-acid putative fungal-specific transcription factor with a predicted Zn2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA-binding domain found uniquely in fungi. Targeted deletion of this gene, denoted C. militaris carotenogenesis regulatory factor 1 (Cmcrf1), generated the ΔCmcrf1 mutant that exhibited drastically reduced carotenoid biosynthesis and failed to generate fruiting bodies. In addition, the ΔCmcrf1 mutant showed significantly increased conidiation and increased hypersensitivity to cell-wall-perturbing agents compared with the wild-type strain. However, the Cmcrf1 gene did not have an impact on the mycelia growth of C. militaris. These results show that Cmcrf1 is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and is required for conidiation and fruiting body formation in C. militaris.
Revision of the Assassin Bug Genus Sigicoris stat. nov. Based on Morphological Study and Molecular Phylogeny (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Peiratinae)
Authors: Liu Yingqi , Li Hu , Cai Wanzhi 
Published: October 2022

Peiratinae is a cosmopolitan subfamily within Reduviidae with more than 300 known species in 34 genera. There are also some taxa endemic to islands, but their taxonomic status and biology require further study. After examining type specimens of the peiratine species distributed in New Guinea, we found that some of them share many morphological characters, though they were previously assigned in different genera. The phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome oxidase I, 16S ribosomal RNA and 18S ribosomal RNA genes involving 38 species in 25 genera also supports the result of the morphological study that these species should be involved in a separate genus. In the present study, the subgenus Ectomocoris (Sigicoris) Miller, 1958 is elevated to genus level, Sigicoris stat. nov. Three new combinations, S. brumalis comb. nov., S. gracilis comb. nov., S. sexguttatus comb. nov. and one new species, S. dominiqueae sp. nov. are described or redescribed. The lectotype of Brachysandalus sexguttatus is designated, and Pirates concinnus syn. nov. is treated as the junior synonym of S. sexguttatus comb. nov. A key is provided to separate the four species of this genus. The systematic relationships, diagnosis, distribution and habitat of Sigicoris stat. nov. are briefly discussed.
Decreased Activity of Erythrocyte Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Djordjević Vladimir V. , Kostić Jelena , Krivokapić Žilijeta , Krtinić Dane , Ranković Milica , Petković Milan , Ćosić Vladan 
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are important antioxidant enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to control its intracellular concentration, thus enabling its physiological role and preventing toxic effects. A lack or disruption of their function leads to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and the occurrence of oxidative stress. Accumulating studies have shown that the activities of key antioxidant enzymes are impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Since the published results are contradictory, and our previous studies found significantly higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in patients with schizophrenia, the aim of this study was to determine the activity of enzymes that degrade hydrogen peroxide in the same group of patients, as well as to examine their dependence on clinical symptoms, therapy, and parameters associated with this disease. Materials and Methods: Catalase and GPx activities were determined in the erythrocytes of 68 inpatients with schizophrenia and 59 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The clinical assessment of patients was performed by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The catalase activity was measured by the kinetic spectrophotometric method, while the GPx activity was determined by the commercially available Ransel test. Results: Erythrocyte catalase and GPx activities were significantly lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) in subjects with schizophrenia than they were in healthy individuals. Lower catalase activity does not depend on heredity, disease onset, the number of episodes, or disease duration, while GPx activity showed significant changes in patients who had more than one episode and in those who had been suffering from the disease for over a year. Significantly lower catalase activity was noted in the PANSS(+/−) group in comparison with the PANSS(+) and PANSS(−) groups. The lowest catalase activity was found in subjects who were simultaneously treated with first- and second-generation antipsychotics; this was significantly lower than it was in those who received only one class of antipsychotics. Conclusion: These results indicate the presence of oxidative stress in the first years of clinically manifested schizophrenia and its dependence on the number of psychotic episodes, illness duration, predominant symptomatology, and antipsychotic medication.
Unravelling Phytochemical and Bioactive Potential of Three Hypericum Species from Romanian Spontaneous Flora: H. alpigenum, H. perforatum and H. rochelii
Authors: Babotă Mihai , Frumuzachi Oleg , Mocan Andrei , Tămaș Mircea , Dias Maria Inês , Pinela José , Stojković Dejan , Soković Marina , Bădărău Alexandru Sabin , Crișan Gianina , Barros Lillian , Păltinean Ramona 
Published: October 2022

Hypericum perforatum L., also known as St. John’s Wort, is recognized worldwide as a valuable medicinal herb; however, other Hypericum species were intensively studied for their bioactive potential. To fill the research gap that exists in the scientific literature, a comparative evaluation between H. alpigenum Kit., H. perforatum L. and H. rochelii Griseb. & Schenk was conducted in the present study. Two types of herbal preparations obtained from the aerial parts of these species were analyzed: extracts obtained through maceration and extracts obtained through magnetic-stirring-assisted extraction. LC-DAD-ESI-MSn analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonoid derivatives as the main constituents of the above-mentioned species. Moreover, all extracts were tested for their antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory and antimicrobial potential. Our work emphasizes for the first time a detailed description of H. rochelii phenolic fractions, including their phytochemical and bioactive characterization. In comparison with the other two studied species, H. rochelii was found as a rich source of phenolic acids and myricetin derivatives, showing important antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial activity. The study offers new perspectives regarding the chemical and bioactive profile of the less-studied species H. alpigenum and H. rochelii.
Relationship of Kidney Tubule Biomarkers with Cognition among Community-Living Elders in the Health ABC Study
Authors: Miller Lindsay M. , Sarnak Mark J. , Rifkin Dena E. , Potok O. Alison , Fried Linda , Kritchevsky Steven , Drew David , Shlipak Michael G. , Ix Joachim H. 
Published: October 2022

Key Points

Higher baseline urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was associated with worse cognitive scores at baseline.Lower concentrations of baseline serum bicarbonate (higher is better) were associated with lower cognitive scores at baseline.We found no associations with urine markers with longitudinal changes in cognition.
Entre a materialidade e a literalidade na literatura infantil: descrições de um livro “indestrutível”
Authors: Naves Ludmila Magalhães , Goulart Ilsa do Carmo Vieira 
Published: October 2022

Este texto analisa os dispositivos editoriais e textuais da obra Baby Faces, de Kate Merritt, com o propósito de descrever os aspectos que estimulam a leitura a partir das ilustrações de rostos de crianças, expressando emoções diversas como texto visual, impressas em papel diferenciado e resistente de forma a tornar o livro um brinquedo, um objeto divertido e possível de interação. Optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa, de análise documental que nos permitiu observar os meios e instrumentos empregados na composição da obra. Como base teórica, apoia-se nos estudos de Hunt, Souza e Girotto sobre leitura, literatura e infância, bem como nos estudos de Chartier, Darnton e Mckenzie sobre materialidade do livro. Conclui-se que o uso do texto visual permite às crianças uma maior familiaridade e interesse pela leitura, pois possibilita a compreensão leitora ao promover a proximidade entre a realidade da criança e seu imaginário estabelecendo relações de sentido.
Backchannels: Covert Digital Backchannels in the Overt Classroom
Authors: Kjaergaard Thomas , Hachmann Roland 
Published: October 2022

Abstract: A study of backchannel communication during lessons in higher education.
This paper presents a study of how students utilise social media as backchannels for ‘reflection in action’, ‘reflections on action’, social banter and critique of the ongoing physical presence lesson with digital technologies. The research question was sparked by the overt ways in which the students communicated in the chat in videoconferences in online lessons during the first lock-down (March-June 2020). The students appeared to help each other and sort out practical and academic issues without involving the lecturer in the chat. This initial discovery led to an actual investigation of how the students communicate, digitally during physical presence lessons after the lock-down lifted. It became evident that most students engage in covert, digital communication during lessons. So, while the backchannel was overt and inclusive in online lessons, it turned into a covert exclusive practice in the physical, presence lessons. The paper introduces the notion of a ‘backchannel’ that carries undisclosed strands of student-initiated communication during a lesson. The study also identifies different types of backchannel communication that take place amongst students during lessons. Furthermore, the paper suggests a typological organisation of the different types of reflection the backchannels support. A backchannel is defined as a secondary, informal, unmanaged communication channel that happens simultaneously with a physical, presence lesson. The backchannel seems to be a process that either, covertly, support the students or, overtly, supports the lecturer and the students. The identified backchannels are divided into three different kinds of backchannels in the paper. The types found in the study include: ‘Rhizomatic, covert backchannels’, ‘Lecturer initiated backchannels’ and ‘hybrid joint contribution backchannels’. The paper investigates the pedagogical circumstances under which the backchannels emerge and how they are utilized. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications that covered, digital meta-communication during the lessons that may have on the relationship between lecturer and students. Lastly, the paper presents suggestions for how to use the covert backchannels as a constructive element in the lessons. Finally, the article suggests pedagogical practices that offer the students other possibilities to engage and express insecurities and general questions during lessons and presentations.
Can MOOCs reskill and upskill the Indian Workforce for the Industrial Revolution 4.0?
Authors: Tripathi Durgesh , Tandon Surbhi 
Published: October 2022

Industrial Revolution 4.0 is blurring the boundaries between human intellect and technology. It is characterized by technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Blockchain Technology, Robotics, Internet of Things among others. The much-celebrated Industrial Revolution 4.0 will create massive job losses in developing countries including India due to the automation of jobs and processes. Thus, there is a dire need to reskill a vast majority of the workforce for the Industrial Revolution 4.0 which has already begun to be implemented due to its optimization and efficiency in resource usage. According to an estimate by OECD, the nature of 1/3rd of the jobs will transform due to technological interventions. Whereas World Economic Forum has set an ambitious target of reskilling at least 1 billion people by 2030. It believes that the world is undergoing a reskilling emergency. On the other hand, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) were conceived as an online version of distance learning and are increasingly being seen as a medium for filling the skills gap. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are relying on the MOOCs courses along with utilizing the tools of Web 2.0 to cater to the demands of quality, affordable and accessible education to all. MOOCs also caters as a platform for the promotion of lifelong learning. COVID 19 has provided a spurt to the acceptability of MOOCs courses with most Edu Tech start-ups and MOOCs websites registering double-digit growth in the recent past. Coursera's 2020 impact report showcases that India has become the second-largest market for MOOCs with 9.84 million learners after the USA which has 14 million learners. The paper investigates the viability of the MOOCs courses in filling the skill gap as well as the reskilling of the Indian Workforce. It will also delve into whether the MOOCs courses can bridge the digital divide with the country having the world's largest unconnected population. It will critically engage with the question of whether Industrial Revolution 4.0 requires only highly specialized technology-based skills or soft skills or a combination of both for future jobs.
Keywords: Industrial Revolution 4.0, Reskill, Indian Workforce, MOOCs, Youth
Analisis Brand Switching dan Penentuan Strategi Pemasaran Produk Bubble Tea Menggunakan Metode Markov Chain dan Game Theory
Authors: Azizah Anisa Nur , Sari Rianita Puspa 
Published: October 2022

The emergence of various kinds of food and drinks that are packaged and presented in an attractive manner has made a change in the culinary business into a lifestyle part. One of the culinary businesses that is becoming a trend is boba. Boba products with well-known brands can easily be found in urban areas. Karawang as one of the industrial cities in Indonesia is experiencing rapid business development trends. This causes business actors and owners of the boba beverage brand to prepare a strategy to anticipate brand shifting to customers. This study aims to determine the brand shift in customers of A products bubble tea and B products bubble tea which are one of the well-known brands of the boba business in Karawang, and to find out what strategies are appropriate so that business people can remain competitive and maintain customer loyalty. The use of the Markov Chain method to see the brand transfer to customers and the Game Theory method to find out strategies to win the competition. The results showed that the Market Share for A product bubble tea was 0.401 and the B product bubble tea was 0.599 with a business strategy that could be done, namely adding flavors at an affordable price.
Comparison of Hemoglobin Levels of Nasopharin Cancer Patients Before and After Radiation in Radiotherapy Installations RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo
Authors: Ermi Susi Yanti  , Tantri Analisawati Sudarsono  , Arif Mulyanto  , Linda Wijayanti  
Published: October 2022

Hemoglobin levels can be used as an indicator of a decrease in a person's nutritional status. Radiotherapy can result in a decrease in nutritional status in nasopharyngeal cancer patients. This study aims to prove the existence of differences in hemoglobin levels in nasopharyngeal cancer patients before and after radiotherapy. This study used a retrospective design, based on medical record data of nasopharyngeal cancer patients who were treated at rsud Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo January – May 2022 Data analysis in this study includes descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing. Test the hypothesis using the T Dependent test with normal distributed data. The degree of meaningfulness is p ≤ 0.05. The research data is normally distributed so that the T Dependent test is used. A meaningful comparison of hemoglobin levels was obtained in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer before and after radiation with p 0.003 So it can be concluded that there is a significant comparison with hemoglobin levels in nasopharyngeal cancer patients before and after radiation at rsud Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo.
Educar la percepción
Authors: Guarisma Álvarez José Gerardo 
Published: October 2022

Todo proceso de estudio, comprensión o interpretación, toda búsqueda del conocimiento, parte de la observación. Y ésta, en su fase primaria, se encuentra representada en la percepción. Por percepción entendemos la sensación interior que resulta de una impresión material hecha en nuestros sentidos.
Es muy interesante lo que produce la percepción, en tanto suceso complejo que acontece en nuestro cerebro, en el cual se procesa la información proveniente de nuestros sentidos según nuestro parecer. A veces, por falta de previa experiencia y comprensión, nuestros sentidos nos engañan y creemos ver algo que no es.
Diversas investigaciones han demostrado que algunos factores básicos de la percepción son biológicos, y en la mayoría de los casos cumplen funciones adaptativas. Otros estudios han demostrado que la percepción es el resultado, en gran medida, de la ampliación o readaptación de las capacidades perceptivas innatas.
Alfabetización académica: implementación de un dispositivo de intervención para la optimización de los procesos de comprensión lectora y producción textual en la Educación Superior
Authors: Massone Alicia , González Gloria 
Published: October 2022

La realidad de nuestro sistema educativo no es ajena a los diagnósticos que, tanto a nivel latinoamericano (Carlino, P., 2005) como anglosajón (Carlino, P., 2004) destacan la preocupación que suscitan los resultados que obtienen los estudiantes de diferentes niveles educativos a la hora de ser evaluadas sus competencias académicas. En particular, es recurrente que las conclusiones de los estudios pongan énfasis en los déficit de los estudiantes para comprender consignas, reconocer las ideas centrales de un texto, apropiarse de nuevos contenidos, relacionar éstos con su capital cultural previo (Bourdieu, P. y Passeron, J. C., 1969) y producir textos propios que estén a la altura de las competencias comunicativas que debería poseer un sujeto alfabetizado (Marín, M. & Hall, B., 2005).
Nuestra propuesta en este trabajo es, precisamente, el reporte de la implementación de un plan de intervención que aspira a minimizar el desfasaje existente entre el perfil del egresado del nivel medio y las expectativas de logro que a nivel de competencias académicas caracteriza al aspirante a ingreso a la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Se reportan los resultados del diseño y puesta en marcha del mencionado dispositivo de intervención Los resultados ponen de manifiesto una diferencia significativa entre el nivel de logro de los aspirantes que estuvieron expuestos a la intervención y el de aquellos aspirantes a ingreso que no participaron de la misma.