bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of watching television, owning a mobile phone and risk of being overweight/obese among reproductive-aged women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A pooled analysis from Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Ahammed Benojir , Haque Rezwanul , Rahman Syed Mahbubur , Keramat Syed Afroz , Mahbub Afrin , Ferdausi Farzana , Alam Khorshed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople who are overweight and obese suffer from significant health impacts that have increased globally. Concurrently, usage of information and communication devices such as television and mobile phones have also been growing, affecting people’s weight. This study examined the association between watching television and owning a mobile phone with overweight and obesity among reproductive-aged women in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). Data of 21 LLMICs reported between 2015 and 2020 were collected from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the association into three pooled segments: a group of 21 countries, the World Bank income classification and the regional categorisation of the countries. The all-inclusive prevalence of overweight or obesity was found at 27.1% among 175,370 reproductive-aged women, and this prevalence varied among countries. Overall, the odds of being overweight or obese were 1.20 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.24), 1.40 (AOR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.35–1.44) and 1.18 (AOR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.35) times higher among those who watched television less than once a week, at least once a week and almost every day, respectively, compared with those who did not watch television. Besides, women’s mobile phone ownership is more likely to experience overweight or obesity (AOR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.67–1.77). Consistent results were found for the countries categorised according to the World Bank income and regional classification. Focus on sedentary behaviour, such as television watching and mobile phone use, of women and regional or country-specific innovative strategies and programs are of great immediate importance to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Six-canal video head impulse test in patients with labyrinthine and retrolabyrinthine pathology: detecting vestibulo-ocular reflex deficits
Authors: Kontorinis G , Tailor H , Tikka T , Slim M A M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal gains in six-canal video head impulse test are attributed to semi-circular canal deficits. However, as video head impulse test responses are linked to the vestibulo-ocular reflex, it was hypothesised that abnormal gains can be caused by vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway deficits.MethodsThis study compared video head impulse test gains in 20 patients with superior semi-circular canal dehiscence (labyrinthine cause) and 20 side- and gender-matched patients with vestibular schwannomas (retrolabyrinthine cause), and investigated correlations between them (Mann–Kendall trend test).ResultsVestibular schwannoma but not superior semi-circular canal dehiscence was significantly associated with abnormal lateral (odds ratio = 9.00 (95 per cent confidence interval = 1.638–49.44), p = 0.011) and posterior (odds ratio = 9.00 (95 per cent confidence interval = 2.151–37.659), p = 0.003) canal status. In vestibular schwannoma patients, there was a statistically significant degree of dependence between all ipsilesional canal video head impulse test gains; such dependence was not observed in superior semi-circular canal dehiscence.ConclusionVestibulo-ocular reflex gains differ in patients with labyrinthine and retrolabyrinthine disease; this suggests that abnormal gains can indicate deficits not only in the semi-circular canals but also elsewhere along the vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway.
The Roads Not Taken: Liberty, Sovereignty and the Idea of the Republic in Poland-Lithuania and the British Isles, 1550–1660
Authors: Frost Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the mid-sixteenth century, there were many parallels between the political cultures of Poland-Lithuania and the kingdoms of the British Isles, as thinkers inspired by the ideals of Renaissance civic humanism challenged traditional currents of thought. Across the British Isles and Poland-Lithuania there were strong native traditions asserting the liberties of communities of the realm and the need to check unbridled royal authority through parliamentary assemblies. As the Reformation swept across the British Isles and Poland-Lithuania, traditional claims concerning the right to resist tyrannical authority were bolstered. Finally, in 1603, Scotland and England formed a loose political union as Poland and Lithuania had formed a loose political union in 1386, although it was not until 1707 that England and Scotland followed the example of the 1569 Lublin Union, when Poland and Lithuania established the first parliamentary union in European history. Despite these parallels, the fates of these composite polities were very different, and their political cultures diverged substantially. This article considers the idea of the Renaissance republic in Poland-Lithuania and the British Isles. It suggests why their roads diverged, and asks what made all the difference.
How do teachers of primary school approach the music assessment in Chile? Differences and similarities between professors’ experience and ministerial guidelines
Authors: Sepúlveda-Ortega Andrea , Magnitzky-Vargas David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research reflects the considerations of music teachers when assessing their students, the tools used and their consistency with guidelines issued by the Chilean Ministry of Education, along with theoretical approaches to assessment. In this way, we have analysed the theoretical contribution of renowned scholars such as Pujol, Santos Guerra, Chacón, and Fautley, as well as the music curricula of the Ministry of Education from first to eighth grade. We propose that it is essential to understand the experience of teachers in the assessment process from a constructivist perspective, analysing their agreement or disagreement with the current ministerial theoretical foundations in relation to assessment.
Investigating how composing teaching and assessment in English secondary school classrooms reinforce myths about composers and their creative practices
Authors: Devaney Kirsty 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough composing has been a significant part of formal classroom music education in England for over 30 years, there still remains uncertainty about how to teach and assess composing in secondary schools. This research investigates the under-researched area of teaching and learning of composing in upper secondary schools in England whereby students (aged 14–18) may opt to study music for a national qualification. Taking a mixed methodology approach, data were collected through a survey of 182 music teachers, interviews with five prominent composer-educators, as well as research with five case study schools involving observations of teaching and interviews with teachers and students. This paper reports on three prominent beliefs about composers that seem to underpin teaching and assessment practices; firstly that composers have innate musical talents; secondly that composing is solely an individual process and finally that students must learn the ‘rules’ of composing before being creative. This article proposes that these perceptions do not reflect the diversity of composers’ creative practices and may result in reinforcing stereotypes and myths about composers that have the potential to disadvantage certain students in the examination.
Lightly-harvested rustic cocoa is a valuable land cover for amphibian and reptile conservation in human-modified rainforest landscapes
Authors: Cervantes-López Martín de Jesús , Andresen Ellen , Hernández-Ordóñez Omar , Mora Francisco , Reynoso Víctor Hugo , Arroyo-Rodríguez Víctor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe conservation of tropical biodiversity depends not only on forest remnants, but also on anthropogenic land covers. Some shade crops are considered wildlife-friendly agroecosystems, but their conservation value is context- and taxon-dependent. Amphibians and reptiles have received less attention despite their high sensitivity to habitat disturbance. We determined the conservation value of lightly-harvested rustic cocoa plantations for herpetofauna in the Lacandona region, Mexico. We compared 12 environmental variables between habitats. Then, we compared the abundance, species number and composition of amphibian and reptile assemblages. Within each habitat, we explored the relationships between environmental variables and abundance and species number. Tree density, litter cover and litter depth were higher in cocoa. Abundance of reptiles and amphibians were higher in cocoa than forest; species number did not differ. Habitat explained some of the variation (8%) in assemblage composition. In cocoa, amphibian abundance was positively related to canopy height and the presence of a humus layer, while reptile abundance was negatively related to relative humidity. We conclude that lightly-used rustic cocoa plantations can be suitable habitat for forest herpetofauna. As long as cocoa plantations do not replace existing forest cover, they can play an important role in the design of wildlife-friendly tropical landscapes.
Groups generated by two twists along spherical sequences
Authors: VOLKOV Y. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe describe all groups that can be generated by two twists along spherical sequences in an enhanced triangulated category. It will be shown that with one exception such a group is isomorphic to an abelian group generated by not more than two elements, the free group on two generators or the braid group of one of the types
$A_2$
,
$B_2$
and
$G_2$
factorised by a central subgroup. The last mentioned subgroup can be nontrivial only if some specific linear relation between length and sphericity holds. The mentioned exception can occur when one has two spherical sequences of length 3 and sphericity 2. In this case the group generated by the corresponding two spherical twists can be isomorphic to the nontrivial central extension of the symmetric group on three elements by the infinite cyclic group. Also we will apply this result to give a presentation of the derived Picard group of selfinjective algebras of the type
$D_4$
with torsion 3 by generators and relations.
“Innocent Young Girls”: The Search for Female Provincial Leaders in China
Authors: Chen Minglu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are few women among China's local political leadership. Current scholarship on the topic co-locates women's political participation with the representation of other marginalized social groups. In particular, it is argued that female politicians are simply tokenistic representatives of the marginalized: female, intellectual, ethnic minority and non-Communist Party members. An examination of those women who have served in provincial leadership positions over the last two terms suggests that such a characterization is misleading. Rather, the evidence indicates that women have been appointed on the same grounds as male leaders in terms of age, education, CCP membership and experience. Gender disparities in the selection of provincial leaders are in fact considerably more nuanced and can be traced to the lack of institutionalized policies and processes as well as women's ongoing disadvantages in education, political networks and training.
Efficacy of different presentation modes for L2 video comprehension: Full versus partial display of verbal and nonverbal input
Authors: Chi Chen , Chen Hao-Jan Howard , Tseng Wen-Ta , Liu Yeu-Ting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVideo materials require learners to manage concurrent verbal and pictorial processing. To facilitate second language (L2) learners’ video comprehension, the amount of presented information should thus be compatible with human beings’ finite cognitive capacity. In light of this, the current study explored whether a reduction in multimodal comprehension scaffolding would lead to better L2 comprehension gain when viewing captioned videos and, if so, which type of reduction (verbal vs. nonverbal) is more beneficial. A total of 62 L2 learners of English were randomly assigned to one of the following viewing conditions: (1) full captions + animation, (2) full captions + static key frames, (3) partial captions + animation, and (4) partial captions + static key frames. They then completed a comprehension test and cognitive load questionnaire. The results showed that while viewing the video with reduced nonverbal visual information (static key frames), the participants had well-rounded performance in all aspects of comprehension. However, their local comprehension (extraction of details) was particularly enhanced after viewing a key-framed video with full captions. Notably, this gain in local comprehension was not as manifest after viewing animated video content with full captions. The qualitative data also revealed that although animation may provide a perceptually stimulating viewing experience, its transient feature most likely taxed the participants’ attention, thus impacting their comprehension outcomes. These findings underscore the benefit of a reduction in nonverbal input and the interplay between verbal and nonverbal input. The findings are discussed in relation to the use of verbal and nonverbal input for different pedagogical purposes.
The health of detainees and the role of primary care: Position paper of the European Forum for Primary Care
Authors: Groenewegen Peter , Dirkzwager Anja , van Dam Anke , Massalimova Dina , Sirdifield Coral , Smith Lauren 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This position paper aims to increase awareness among primary care practitioners and policymakers about the specific and complex health needs of people who experience incarceration. We focus on the importance of primary care and of continuity of care between prison and community. We highlight what is known from the literature on the health of people who experience incarceration, on the organisation of prison health care, and on the role of primary care both during and after detention. We present three case descriptions of detainees’ encounters with the organisation of prison health care in three European countries. Finally, we describe the position that the European Forum for Primary Care takes. Prisoners and ex-prisoners have a worse physical and mental health compared with a cross-section of the population. However, access to good quality treatment and care is often worse than in the outside situation. In particular, well-organised primary care in the prison context could benefit prisoners and, indirectly, society at large. Moreover, continuity of care between the community and the prison situation needs improvement.
Can regime change improve ethnic relations? Perception of ethnic minorities after the 2021 coup in Myanmar
Authors: David Roman , Myat Aung Kaung , Holliday Ian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegime change often exacerbates ethnic conflict. This article examines the curious case of Myanmar, where a 2021 military coup was met, on the surface, with broad-based resistance across a divided society. An important question that therefore arises is whether, below the surface, this unity also took a more positive form of national solidarity. Were deep ethnic cleavages intensified or alleviated by the 2021 coup? This question bears theoretical relevance for the study of ethnic conflict and has social relevance for a nation marked by a long history of civil war and a recent experience of genocide against Rohingya Muslims. The article engages in a systematic examination of 180 social media posts uploaded in Burmese by key opinion leaders both before and after the coup. A qualitative analysis of major positive and negative themes indicates a shift in attitudes. The quantitative analysis shows that ethnic relations, measured by a change in themes, ratings and virality, improved significantly in the immediate aftermath of Myanmar's 2021 coup.
Feminist Governance in the European Parliament: The Political Struggle over the Inclusion of Gender in the EU’s COVID-19 Response
Authors: Elomäki Anna , Kantola Johanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe research objective of this article is to analyze the European Parliament’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of feminist governance. Feminist governance can either play a role in ensuring the inclusion of a gender perspective in crisis responses, or, quite the opposite, crises may weaken or sideline feminist governance. The empirical analysis focuses on two aspects of feminist governance: (1) a dedicated gender equality body and (2) gender mainstreaming. In addition to assessing the effectiveness of feminist governance, the analysis sheds light on the political struggles behind the policy positions. The article argues that feminist governance in the European Parliament was successful in inserting a gender perspective into the COVID-19 response. The article pinpoints the effects of the achievements of the European Parliament’s Women’s Rights and Gender Equality Committee and gender mainstreaming on gendering the pandemic crisis response.
A remote cognitive behavioural therapy approach to treating hoarding disorder in an older adult
Authors: Malone Aoife , McCormack David , McCullough Emma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHoarding disorder (HD) is characterised by excessive acquisition and distress associated with discarding objects, resulting in significant clutter. At present, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) represents the strongest evidence base for treating HD, although some limitations exist. Little research has examined the effectiveness of remote-CBT interventions for HD in older adults. This case study focuses on Mary, an older female adult presenting with clinically significant hoarding behaviours which severely impact her daily functioning and quality of life. Assessment and intervention followed a structured CBT approach. Despite the complicating factor of COVID-19, Mary responded well to a remote-CBT intervention, with progress indicators suggesting modest improvements in personal, social and occupational functioning. These findings support the use of remote-CBT for HD in both reducing frequency and intensity of hoarding behaviours and improving wellbeing.Key learning aims(1)Hoarding disorder (HD) is a poorly understood disorder that can significantly impact an individual’s personal, social and occupational functioning.(2)According to a cognitive behavioural model, HD emanates from information-processing deficits, emotional attachment difficulties, behavioural avoidance and maladaptive beliefs about objects and the self (Frost and Hartl, 1996).(3)Observations from this case study suggest the acceptability and effectiveness of a remote cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for HD, with outcomes appearing congruous with those produced by face-to-face intervention.(4)While research attests to the effectiveness of a CBT intervention for HD, an augmented account of the mechanisms through which these outcomes are achieved is required.
Supporting the Right to Wear Religious Symbols: The Importance of Perceived Commitment to the Nation
Authors: Scott Colin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the social dynamics of public opposition to religious symbols is a pressing issue. This research finds that stereotypes of how committed group members are to the national community shape support for the right to wear religious symbols in various settings. These social perceptions are particularly influential in determining support for the rights of Muslims to wear religious symbols. Drawing on data from a national survey experiment (N = 974) conducted in Canada, the results show Christians benefit from a particularly strong perceived commitment to the nation, while religious minorities are stereotyped as less committed and identified to the country than the average Canadian. As the perceived national commitment of religious minorities increases, however, the gap in support shown for the rights of Christians over religious minorities disappears and may lead to particularly strong support for the rights of Muslims to wear religious symbols in public when perceptions of national commitment are high.
Approaches to Discrimination Claims: A Comparison of the Administrative Tribunals of the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank Group
Authors: TREBILCOCK Anne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines the approaches taken by the Asian Development Bank Administrative Tribunal and the Administrative Tribunal of the Inter-American Development Bank Group in deciding discrimination claims. The article reviews the basic features of each tribunal before examining their jurisprudence on equality of treatment and issues of information disclosure in discrimination cases. Decisions to date have addressed claims of disparate treatment relating to various aspects of remuneration and benefits as well as allegations of arbitrary treatment vis-à-vis others similarly situated. A few cases have involved allegations of discrimination on the basis of sex/gender, one of several protected grounds in equality law. The number of judicial dissents in discrimination cases suggests that the tribunals have encountered some difficulty in handling them. The article points to a gradual but still incomplete approximation of the decisions of such tribunals to contemporary developments in discrimination law, and suggests a possible way forward.
Historical Reconstruction of Subpolar North Atlantic Overturning and Its Relationship to Density
Authors: Roussenov Vassil M. , Williams Richard G. , Lozier M. Susan , Holliday N. Penny , Smith Doug M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe connections between the overturning of the subpolar North Atlantic and regional density changes are assessed on interannual and decadal timescales using historical, data‐based reconstructions of the overturning over the last 60 years and forward model integrations with buoyancy and wind forcing. The data‐based reconstructions reveal a dominant eastern basin contribution to the subpolar overturning in density space and changes in the overturning reaching ±2.5 Sv, which are both in accord with the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP). The zonally integrated geostrophic velocity across the basin is connected to boundary contrasts in Montgomery potential in density space. The overturning for the eastern side of the basin is strongly correlated with density changes in the Irminger and Labrador Seas, while the overturning for the western side is correlated with boundary density changes in the Labrador Sea. These boundary density signals are a consequence of local atmospheric forcing and transport of upstream density changes. In forward model experiments, a localized density increase over the Irminger Sea increases the overturning over both sides of the basin due to dense waters spreading to the Labrador Sea. Conversely, a localized density increase over the Labrador Sea only increases the overturning for the western basin and instead eventually decreases the overturning for the eastern basin. Labrador Sea density provides a useful overturning metric by its direct control of the overturning over the western side and lower latitudes of the subpolar basin.