bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Control of Blossom-end Rot Disease in Tomatoes through Calcium Metabolism1
Authors: Greenleaf W. H. , Adams Fred 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Genetic resistance to blossom-end rot (BER) disease of tomatoes, based on Ca metabolism, was revealed in several Auburn University (AU) tomato breeding lines when grown in a Ca-deficient, 1:1 peat:sand medium and watered with nutrient solutions at 4 Ca levels. Three genotypes, represented by 3 AU lines, 2 BER-resistant and 1 susceptible, appear to have 3 distinct mechanisms of Ca utilization, inferred from their fruit Ca levels and their corresponding percentages of BER fruits. The highly BER-resistant line AU-1 appears to be a more efficient absorber and accumulator of Ca, whereas the moderately resistant line AU-3 appears to have a lower Ca requirement for producing non-BER fruits. The highly susceptible line AU-2, on the other hand, has a high Ca requirement but is inefficient at absorbing and translocating Ca. Tomato varieties having either the AU-1 type or the AU-3 type of BER resistance would effectively supplement Ca nutrition as a control measure for this disease. The genetic evidence thus independently confirms the nutritional evidence that Ca is the key element in the control of the BER disease of tomatoes.
The Influence of Storage Atmosphere and Temperature on the Physiology and Performance of ‘Russet Burbank’ Seed Potatoes1
Authors: Workman Milton , Twomey James 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ seed potatoes, 4 to 6 oz. in weight, were stored at 0° and 5°C in various levels of O2 and CO2. Periodically during the storage season samples were removed for observation of sprouting behavior, bud and parenchyma tissue respiration measurements and determination of the rate of leakage of electrolytes from tissue sections. The performance of the remaining seed potatoes at the end of storage was evaluated in randomized complete block field trials.
The degree of CO2 toxicity was increased by decreasing the O2 concentrations and the temperature of the storage environment. Occasionally a reduction in performance with increases in storage CO2 occurred but more frequently an abrupt drop from good performance to failure resulted. Incipient toxicity during the storage season could occasionally be detected by an increase in the rate of CO2 evolution from potato buds and increase in electrolyte leakage.
Effects of Magnesium on Rooting of Chrysanthemums
Authors: Paul J. L. , Thornhill W. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum cuttings were rooted in peat having different levels of exchangeable Mg and Ca. When exchangeable Mg was greater than 80% rooting was severely impaired. Mist waters containing increasing proportions of Mg caused rooting failure in both sand and peat when the percentage of total cations was 70% Mg. Ca deficiency symptoms developed in the highest Mg mist treatment. Leaching of Ca from the leaf is indicated.
The Effects of Simulated Rain and Dew on Fluoride Accumulation by Citrus Foliage
Authors: Brewer R. F. , Sutherland F. H. , Perez R. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Valencia’ orange trees subjected to a drenching shower twice a week or sprinkled daily with a fine water spray until their leaf surfaces were thoroughly wet were found to accumulate less fluoride than unsprayed trees when exposed to low concentrations of HF gas. In the early stages of leaf development the drenching shower and light sprinkling treatments were equally effective in reducing fluoride uptake. After the foliage was 3 or 4 months old, however, the daily sprinklings had little effect on fluoride uptake whereas the twice weekly 1 hr drenchings effectively prevented fluoride accumulation. Growth responses were inversely proportional to fluoride uptake with maximum growth suppression associated with maximum fluoride uptake. After 9 months of treatment, the drenchings had reduced fluoride uptake by 85% and growth suppression by approximately 87%. In the same period the daily sprinkling treatment had reduced fluoride uptake by 37% and growth suppression by 45%.
The Influence of 8-hydroxyquinoline Citrate, N-dimethylamino Succinamic Acid, and Sucrose on Respiration and Water Flow in ‘Red Sim’ Cut Carnations in Relation to Flower Senescence1,2
Authors: Larsen Fenton E. , Frolich Matthew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To help clarify the mode of action of solutions containing a combination of 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (QC), N-dimethylamino succinamic acid (B-Nine), and sucrose in delaying senescence of certain cut flowers, the effect of these solutions on flower respiration and on water flow in stems of ‘Red Sim’ cut carnations was measured. The respiratory curve exhibited a very pronounced climacteric rise, peaking between 6 (control) and 8 days following treatment. All treatments delayed the climacte peak, those treatments containing sucrose delaying it most.
QC used alone or in combination with B-Nine and sucrose promoted water flow through a 4 cm basal stem section. Sucrose alone caused a decrease in water flow. B-Nine used alone promoted water flow somewhat but when used with sucrose, water flow was similar to that with sucrose used alone. Water flow tended to be inversely correlated with micro-organism growth at the stem base as observed microscopically. Where microorganism growth was inhibited most by the treatments, water flow followed a pattern similar to the respiratory curve, with a peak occurring at about the same time as the respiratory climacteric peak, suggesting that there is a relationship between flower respiration and stem water flow. When micro-organism growth was not greatly inhibited, water flow did not follow the same pattern as respiration, but tended to decrease steadily with time.
Rest Intensity of Dormant Peach and Apricot Leaf Buds as Influenced By Temperature, Cold Hardiness and Respiration1
Authors: Hatch Anthony H. , Walker David R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A bell shaped, rest-intensity curve as a function of time was obtained for ‘Elberta’ peach and ‘Chinese’ apricot leaf buds growing in the field. Rest was not closely associated with fluctuating environmental temperatures, cold hardiness, or rate of respiration.
Apricot leaf buds reached the peak of their rest before peach leaf buds, and it was not as intense or as deep as it was with the peach buds. Rest was completed by both species at the same time in early January.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid, N-Dimethylaminosuccinamic Acid (Alar), Ringing and Thinning on McIntosh Apple Shape1
Authors: Webster D. H. , Crowe A. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit elongation, stem length, and stem-cavity depth of ‘McIntosh’ apples were increased by some gibberellic acid (GA) treatments and decreased by a fall spray of N-di-methylaminosuccinamic acid (Alar). Summer sprays of Alar and thinning had no measurable effect on apple shape. Ringing increased fruit elongation. These results are consistent with the concept that endogenous gibberellins act to control apple shape.
Stimulation and Retardation of Adventitious Root Formation by Application of B-Nine and Cycocel1
Authors: Read Paul E. , Hoysler Vernon C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Herbaceous cuttings dipped momentarily in solutions of several concentrations of B-Nine produced significantly greater weight and numbers of adventitious roots than did untreated cuttings. Concentrations of 1000 ppm and 5000 ppm were effective, with 2500 ppm optimum. Conversely, similar treatments of Cycocel caused a marked depression of adventitious root production. As rate of Cycocel was increased, production of adventitious roots diminished, suggesting corroboration of research proposing Cycocel’s behavior as being that of an “anti-auxin”.
Root Growth and Nutrient Uptake by Dormant Ligustrum ibolium and Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’1,2
Authors: Good G. L. , Tukey H. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Root growth and nutrient absorption by dormant plants were studied in root temperature chambers placed in growth rooms so that root and shoot temperatures could be controlled. The roots of dormant Ligustrum ibolium and Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’ grew at root temperatures of 12.8°C, but were limited at 7.2° and 1.7°. Uptake and translocation of 32P to the dormant shoots were influenced somewhat by root temperature. However, increasing the shoot temperature from 1.7° to 7.2° resulted in a considerable increase in the movement of the isotope to the dormant shoots of both species. Field experiments indicated that nutrients applied in the fall could be absorbed by the plants, contributing to the dormant reserves which could enhance growth the following spring.
Precision Planting of Lettuce1
Authors: McCoy O. D. , Robinson F. E. , Johnson H. , Curley R. G. , Brooks C. , Giannini G. , LeBaron F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate precision planting of single uncoated and spherically (clay) coated single seeds at 2 (uncoated only), 3, 4, 6, and 12 inches in the row. Three planters were used and compared to the conventional Planet Junior at accepted seeding rates. Sprinklers were compared with furrow irrigation. Seed emergence was superior with sprinkler irrigation. Coated seed and 6-inch spacing was not satisfactory with furrow irrigation, but was considered comparable to commercial stands with the sprinkler method (87.5% stand). In planting to a stand with a single seed every 12 inches (thus eliminating the thinning requirement), 84.4% of the desired stand was obtained with uncoated seed and sprinklers. Commercial stands most often range from 80 to 90% of the theoretical 12-inch spacing. Theoretical machine thinning of 3-inch plantings resulted in 8.6 single plants/10 ft of row indicating promise for this innovation.
Plant Response to Manganese Source, Rate and Method of Application1
Authors: Wilcox Gerald E. , Cantliffe Daniel J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
MnSO4 and Rayplex-Mn were found to be effective sources of Mn for tomato seedlings grown on a Mn deficient high organic sandy soil. Tomato seedlings absorbed Mn from MnSO4 or Rayplex-Mn applied in the starter band on or under the seed with equal effectiveness. The amount absorbed was directly related to the Mn concentration in the band. MnSO4 at 100 mg Mn/ft of row increased the Mn content of the tissue from 17 ppm to more than 100 ppm.
MnEDTA at a rate to supply 10 to 25 mg Mn/ft of row in bands on or under the seed did not affect seedling growth and Mn uptake was less than from the same rate of MnSO4. Rates of 50 and 100 mg Mn/ft of row from MnEDTA in the starter band on or under the seed caused death or severe stunting of tomato seedlings because of toxicity. Band applications of Mn sources increased Mn composition of the tomato tissue relatively much more than did the broadcast application.
The Influence of Incandescent and Fluorescent Light on the Bulbing Response of Three Onion Varieties1
Authors: Woodbury George W. , Ridley Jack R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three onion varieties ‘Texas Grano’, ‘Early Yellow Globe’ and ‘Utah Yellow Sweet Spanish’ were grown in the greenhouse to investigate the effect of fluorescent and incandescent light on bulbing. Two temperature regimes were employed.
Bulbing occurred in all 3 onion varieties when incandescent light was used to supplement natural daylight and extend the photoperiod to 16 hr daily. No bulbing occurred when fluorescent light was used in a like manner. One-hour fluorescent light treatment following 15-hr incandescent light did not reverse the bulbing response. Likewise, 1-hr incandescent light treatment following 15-hr fluorescent light did not enhance bulbing. The bulbing response in each light treatment was similar in both temperature regimes.
‘Texas Grano’ bulbed and matured more rapidly than ‘Utah Yellow Sweet Spanish’. ‘Early Yellow Globe’ was intermediate in rate of bulbing and maturity when compared to the other 2 varieties.
Trunk Growth Versus Fruit Growth of Apricot as Affected by 2,4-D1
Authors: Uriu K. , Crane Julian C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Radial trunk growth measured by the Verner dendrometer was reduced markedly due to competition for assimilates and water by greatly stimulated fruit growth resulting from the application of 2,4-D. These responses were accompanied by reduced water tension within the 2,4-D-treated trees, as indicated by less diurnal trunk shrinkage than that which occurred in control trees.
Tissue Response of Young Developing Apple Fruits to Freeze Injury1
Authors: Simons Roy K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Morphological and anatomical development of young fruit were studied in relation to the effects of a late spring freeze. ‘Lodi’ and ‘Duchess’ apples were frozen 16 days after full bloom. Samples were collected for anatomical study on 4 subsequent dates following the freeze. The secondary vascular tissues in the outer cortex were affected, resulting in lesions in those tissues where adjacent parenchyma cells had collapsed. The main vascular strands in the outer cortex were killed, the injury extending from fruit base to apex. Separation of the hypodermis from the outer cortex occurred in the fruit apex where tissues were injured most severely. Also injuries were evident contiguous to the core line. Internal phellogen, phellem, and phelloderm in the parenchyma had formed within 18 days after injury. In some cases, cell proliferation and dedifferentiation of cortical parenchyma was noted 46 days after injury.
The Effect of Alar, Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethyl Hydrazide, on Fruit Maturation, Quality and Vegetative Growth of Sour Cherries, Prunus cerasus L., cv. ‘Montmorency’1
Authors: Unrath C. R. , Kenworthy A. L. , Bedford C. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vegetative and fruit responses of ‘Montmorency’ sour cherries to Alar were evaluated from 1966 to 1968. Mature trees were treated with from 1000 to 8000 ppm of Alar at 2 weeks after full bloom. Alar significantly increased fruit color and decreased the force required to separate the fruit from its pedicel early in the harvest season. These differences were sufficient to advance the start of commercial harvesting one week. Fruit firmness was significantly increased in both handpicked and mechanically harvested fruit. Alar treated fruit showed a significant ability to resist softening when mechanically harvested. Fruit color and firmness enhancement was evident in both canned and frozen processed fruit.
Alar altered the fruit growth curve and contributed to a more uniform size. Fruit acidity and respiration were significantly reduced. Alar reduced terminal growth, by reducing internode length, but increased flower bud initiation.
Quantitative Inheritance of Ten Vine Traits in Sweetpotatoes1
Authors: Jones Alfred 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Heritability (%) estimates of 10 vine characters were obtained from a parent-offspring study of 40 sweetpotato lines as follows: leaf vein purpling, 95; number of buds per cyme, 50; leaf whorl purpling, 74; vine purpling, 53; vine diameter, 111; vine length, 60; internode length, 61; leaf length, 99; plant pubescence, 82; and leaf type, 59. The additive component of variance was more important than the non-additive for all traits. In all cases the realized changes due to selection agreed with the predictions very well.
Some Abnormalities in Tomato Fruits as Influenced by Cold Treatment of Seedlings1
Authors: Knavel Dean E. , Mohr H. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tomato seedlings of a selection from the plant introduction PI 244956 and the cultivar, ‘Floralou’, were grown for 5 weeks following cotyledon expansion under 2 different temperatures regimes, i.e., 42 to 56°F, and 68 to 80° and subsequently grown in the greenhouse at 68 to 80°. Plants of the PI selection grown at the 42 to 56° range as seedling bore more deformed fruits on the first and second clusters than those grown at 68 to 80°. The PI plants produced more deformed fruits in both temperature regimes than did ‘Floralou’ plants. Most fruits from ‘Floralou’ plants appeared normal regardless of seedling temperature. Flower buds from the first and second clusters of both warm and cold-treated plants were studied histologically. Buds with abnormal ovary development exhibited breakdown of tissue at the stylar base. Ovaries of such buds developed into abnormal fruits that were not marketable.
Effect of Kinetin, Thiourea and Thiourea dioxide, Light and Heat on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of kola (Cola nitida (Ventenant) Schott and Endlicher)1
Authors: Ashiru Gbolahan A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of kinetin—(6-furfuryl-amino-purine), thiourea, thiourea dioxide, light and heat on germination of kola seeds were studied. The effect of chemicals on the germination of kola seeds was found to be highly significant. High temperatures and light seem to have no direct effect on germination. Seedlings from both fresh and stored kola seeds were normal at growth but the subsequent growth was enhanced in seedlings from stored kola seeds. None of the chemicals appear to have completely substituted for the postharvest requirement of fresh kola seeds. Germination of kola seeds by this method would considerably reduce the time required for producing seedlings for planting and grafting and would provide a higher percentage of uniform seedlings.
Controlled Temperature Forcing of Planted Lily Bulbs1
Authors: De Hertogh A. A. , Carlson William H. , Kays Sandra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of a 63° period of development prior to cooling on the forcing of Lilium longiflorum were compared with precooling treatments. Different bulb sizes of ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ lilies were used. It was found that a growing period at 63° prior to cooling significantly increased the number of leaves and floral buds. It had no consistent effect on the number of days to flower or final plant height.
With the ‘Ace’ lily, the greatest number of floral buds was observed with a treatment of 3 weeks at 63° followed by 5 weeks at 38°. Within a single bulb size, the ‘Ace’ lily produced more floral buds, was a taller plant, and had more leaves than ‘Nellie White’. The number of leaves and floral buds increased with an increase in bulb size regardless of the type of low temperature treatment or cultivar used.
Variable Branching Patterns in the Strawberry Inflorescence1
Authors: Foster James C. , Janick Jules 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The selection ‘La. 9-1158’ as grown in Louisiana bears each fruit in what appears to be a cluster of individual flower stems arising from the crown in contrast to the branched inflorescence of most cultivars. This character was found to vary with environment. Under Indiana conditions inflorescences initiated during the winter in the greenhouse or under short days in climate chambers appear unbranched. However, inflorescences initiated on plants grown in the greenhouse during the summer and on field grown plants that flower in the spring are normally branched. Elongation of winter initiated inflorescences by use of gibberellic acid indicates that the apparent unbranching inflorescence represents an extreme type of “basal branching,” i.e. each of the flower stems is a branch of a single inflorescence that has compressed internodes. The growth habit of the inflorescence is influenced by photoperiod. In the greenhouse, fruit size and achene number decrease with the ripening sequence in unbranched inflorescences of ‘La. 9-1158’ the same as in normally branched cultivars.
Modified Atmosphere Storage of Danish Cabbage
Authors: Isenberg F. M. , Sayles Robert M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Danish cabbage was stored for several years from late November until April at 0°C and in various combinations CO2, O2 and N2. The best combinations of gas mixtures ranged between 21/2 to 5% of O2 and CO2 with N2 making up the remainder. These combinations reduced weight loss due to respiration and also trimming loss. In atmospheres of low O2 and CO2 tension, heads retained their green color, were succulent and firm, and remained dormant longer. Very low O2 and CO2 treatments had a sweeter taste than normal cabbage, while treatments with slightly higher CO2 had more pungent tastes characteristic of fresh cabbage. Treatments with 71/2% O2 and air checks were bland in taste. Color data were recorded by Hunterlab Color Difference Meter.
Soil-Air Temperature Relationships and Cold Acclimation of Container Grown Juniperus chinensis ‘Hetzi’1
Authors: Pellett Norman E. , White Donald B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Roots of container grown ‘Hetzi’ juniper developed cold hardiness to -10°C on December 2, 1963 in St. Paul, Minnesota as determined by controlled freezing tests. The temperature of container soil, under natural conditions, did not fall below 0° until after December 2. Once frozen, the soil temperature responded rapidly to falling ambient temperatures. Container soil temperatures of -10° occurred several times after December 2 resulting in root injury.
Tops developed cold hardiness from -15°C on September 11 to greater than -39° on December 2, 1963. No top injury occurred at any stage during the study. Winter injury common to container grown Hetzi Juniper in Minnesota is apparently root injury.
Effect of Soil Nitrogen and Soil Moisture Levels on the Cold Acclimation of Container Grown Juniperus chinensis ‘Hetzi’1
Authors: Pellett Norman E. , White Donald B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Maintenance of selected moisture and N levels in the soil throughout the fall did not significantly affect the rate of cold acclimation of container grown Juniperus chinensis cv. ‘Hetzi’ roots or tops. Two levels of soil N resulted in N of .79% ppm and 1.65% in the tops, and root N of .70% and 1.29% on December 2, 1963.
Plants receiving no N fertilization after September 2 decreased in total root N from 1.27% on September 11 to 0.70% on December 2. Tops decreased in total N from 1.62% to 0.84% during the same time period. Different soil moisture levels did not differentially affect the tissue moisture percentages, or cold acclimation.
The Relationship of Several Amended Soils and Compaction Rates on Vegetative Growth, Root Development and Cold Resistance of ‘Tifgreen’ Bermudagrass1
Authors: Thurman P. C. , Pokorny F. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between milled pine bark amended soils (0, 25, and 50% pine bark mixed with soil, by volume), and applied compaction rates (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 psi) on vegetative growth, root development, and cold tolerance of ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass. One-half of the unamended soil and of the pine bark amended soils was also overlain with a 3-inch milled pine bark layer (cushion) in an attempt to absorb compaction forces.
Soil compaction significantly reduced top and root development of the bermudagrass. Forty to 60 psi represented the point at which soil compaction became a severely limiting factor in turf growth. A 3-inch surface layer of pine bark offset the value of incorporating pine bark as a soil amendment. Amending the soil with pine bark (up to 50% by volume) increased vegetative growth and root development of turf and delayed the onset of adverse conditions caused by soil compaction.
‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass recovered best from low temperature (-9.4°C for 5 hr) exposure when grown in soils receiving compaction pressures less than 40 psi and which were amended with 50% milled pine bark, 25% milled pine bark, or were unamended.