bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic update ofDryadella(Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) based on morphometric analyses of three species of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest
Authors: Imig Daniela Cristina , Silvério Righetto Mauad Anna Victória , da Silva‐Pereira Viviane , Toscano de Brito Antonio Luiz Vieira , Smidt Eric de Camargo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDryadella(Orchidaceae, Epidendreae) is a Neotropical genus predominantly distributed in the Andean region and the Atlantic rainforest (ARF). Three species occurring in the Brazilian ARF,Dryadella edwallii,D. wuerstlei, andD. zebrina, are challenge to tell apart due to the overlap of morphological characters that define them, so we considered these species as morphotypes. To evaluate the current taxonomic status and to identify suitable characters for the better delimitation of taxon within this group, we measured and analyzed 40 flower characters from 145 individuals of 23 populations distributed throughout the geographical range of this species complex, representing all the morphological diversity of these morphotypes. We performed a principal component analysis (PCA) to summarize all the morphological variations found and a permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to verify whether the groups formed by the PCA are statistically different. To assess the phenetic relationships among individuals, we generated an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram. As a result, it was possible to clearly differentiateD. wuerstleifrom the two other species. The variables that contributed most to the differentiation of the species were the perimeter and area of the sepals (SD1, SD2, SL10); area and width of the apex, mid‐portion, and base of the petals (PT19, PT21, PT22, and PT2); and the measurements of the base and widest portion of the lip blade (LB36, LB38). The second group was formed by all individuals ofD. edwalliiandD. zebrinawhich present highly overlapping characters with no clear separation between their populations based on PCA and UPGMA results. With this in view, we considered thatD. edwalliiandD. zebrinacorrespond to a single species, whileD. wuerstleishould remain recognized as a distinct species. We present a taxonomic circumscription ofD. wuerstleiandD. zebrinato clarify the taxonomic delimitation of these taxa, highlighting morphological diagnostic characters and their geographical distribution.
Remaining useful lifetime prediction methods of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on convolutional neural network‐long short‐term memory and convolutional neural network‐bidirectional long short‐term memory
Authors: Peng Yulin , Chen Tao , Xiao Fei , Zhang Shaojie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs a promising energy conversion device, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been widely used in many fields. However, its commercialization is limited by its useful lifetime, so it's very important to predict the remaining useful lifetime (RUL). In this paper, an RUL prediction method of PEMFC based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) is proposed. First, for data processing, we use Savitzky‐Golay to smooth the datasets, a box plot to remove the outliers, and Z‐score to normalize the datasets. Then, we perform experiments on different lengths of time series data to find the best parameters and test the generalization ability of the model to long‐term and short‐term forecasts. Eventually, the results indicated that CNN‐LSTM and CNN‐bidirectional LSTM (CNN‐BiLSTM) can get very accurate predictions with the relative error values of CNN‐LSTM being 0.07% and CNN‐BiLSTM only 0.03%. Furthermore, we discover that the training and prediction speed of the models are improved due to the addition of CNN. Therefore, we can quickly and accurately predict the RUL of PEMFC in the long term and short term.
Schwann cell stimulation induces functional and structural changes in peripheral nerves
Authors: Ciotu Cosmin I. , Kistner Katrin , Kaindl Ulrich , Millesi Flavia , Weiss Tamara , Radtke Christine , Kremer Andreas , Schmidt Katy , Fischer Michael J. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSignal propagation is the essential function of nerves. Lysophosphatidic acid 18:1 (LPA) allows the selective stimulation of calcium signaling in Schwann cells but not neurons. Here, the time course of slowing and amplitude reduction on compound action potentials due to LPA exposure was observed in myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of the mouse, indicating a clear change of axonal function. Teased nerve fiber imaging showed that Schwann cell activation is also present in axon‐attached Schwann cells in freshly isolated peripheral rat nerves. The LPA receptor 1 was primarily localized at the cell extensions in isolated rat Schwann cells, suggesting a role in cell migration. Structural investigation of rat C‐fibers demonstrated that LPA leads to an evagination of the axons from their Schwann cells. In A‐fibers, the nodes of Ranvier appeared unchanged, but the Schmidt‐Lanterman incisures were shortened and myelination reduced. The latter might increase leak current, reducing the potential spread to the next node of Ranvier and explain the changes in conduction velocity. The observed structural changes provide a plausible explanation for the functional changes in myelinated and unmyelinated axons of peripheral nerves and the reported sensory sensations such as itch and pain.
Psychological adjustment to initial treatment for low‐risk thyroid cancer: Preliminary study
Authors: Seo Gabriella T. , Urken Mark L. , Wein Lauren E. , Saturno Michael P. , Kapustin Danielle , Xing Monica H. , Yue Lauren E. , Dowling Eric M. , Revenson Tracey A. , Roberts Katherine J. , Tuttle Robert Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow‐risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (LR‐PTC) can be managed by immediate surgery (IS) or active surveillance (AS). We compare the psychological impact of these treatments on patients with LR‐PTC.MethodsPsychological data were collected over 1 year, with assessments at the time of treatment decision (T1), at 6 months (T2) and 12 months (T3) follow‐up. Assessments included 13 validated psychological tools.ResultsOf 27 enrolled patients, 20 chose AS and 7 chose IS. The average times to T2 and T3 were 5.7 and 11.3 months, respectively. For both groups, Impact of Events Scale scores significantly decreased (p = 0.001) at T2, and depressive/anxiety symptoms remained low.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing psychological outcomes among patients treated for LR‐PTC. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of AS versus IS on quality of life and changes that patients experience over longer time periods following their treatment decision.
Presentation and outcomes of Listeria‐affected pregnancies in Johannesburg tertiary hospitals: A 2‐year review
Authors: Iiyambo Olivia‐Joan , Baba Vuyelwa , Thomas Juno , Sekwadi Phuti , Naidoo Poovangela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe maternal risk factors, presentations, peripartum findings, and pregnancy outcomes in Listeria monocytogenes‐infected women.MethodsA retrospective descriptive case review. The records of 51 pregnant women infected with listeriosis who delivered infants between February 1, 2016 and February 28, 2018 at three academic hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa, were included. The diagnosis of listeriosis was made on maternal/neonatal‐sampled blood or tissue cultures.ResultsForty‐eight (82.3%) Listeria infections of maternal and neonatal listeriosis were diagnosed on blood culture. The median gestational age at diagnosis was at a preterm gestation of 33 (20–43) weeks. Twenty‐eight women (54.9%) had normal vaginal deliveries. Precipitous labor was described in 18 (39%) of these women. Fetal distress was the indication for cesarean section in 22 (41.2%) women. Meconium‐stained amniotic fluid was found in 21 (61.7%) women at the time of delivery. The category of very low birth weight had 14 (27.4%) neonates with an Apgar score of less than 7 at 5 min. Maternal morbidities included chorioamnionitis (3 [5.8%]) and puerperal infections (7 [13.7%]). The HIV‐positive anemic women had a tendency towards listerial infections.ConclusionsSymptoms of listeriosis were non‐specific and diagnosis was detected on blood culture sampling. Risk factors included HIV seropositivity and were associated with puerperal infections and anemia.
Genetic causes of isolated and severe fetal growth restriction in normal chromosomal microarray analysis
Authors: Zhou Hang , Fu Fang , Wang You , Li Ru , Li Yingsi , Cheng Ken , Huang Ruibin , Wang Dan , Yu Qiuxia , Lu Yan , Lei Tingying , Yang Xin , Liao Can 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the genetic burden in fetuses with isolated and severe fetal growth restriction (FGR) using Trio whole‐exome sequencing (WES) with a normal chromosomal microarray.MethodThis retrospective study analyzed WES results of singleton fetuses with isolated and severe FGR, whose estimated fetal weight (EFW) was less than the third percentile by Hadlock formula, in a tertiary center between March 2016 and March 2022. Cases with abnormal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and TORCH results were excluded.ResultsFifty‐one fetuses with isolated and severe FGR and negative CMA results underwent Trio‐WES. Of all patients, eight (15.7%) were diagnosed with FGR at its early onset (<32 weeks) and showed pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants involving Nipped‐B‐like protein gene (NIPBL) (n = 3), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (n = 1), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (n = 1), collagen, type I, alpha 1 (n = 1), superkiller viralicidic activity 2‐like (n = 1), and chloride voltage‐gated channel (CLCN5) (n = 1). De novo–generated variants were identified in five fetuses, of which two were novel, including c.6983C>A (p. Thr2328Lys) in NIPBL and c.934‐1G>T in CLCN5. Genetic disorders involved Cornelia de Lange syndrome and metabolic and skeletal genetic diseases.ConclusionThe present study indicates that Trio‐WES can improve effectivity of prenatal diagnoses for isolated and severe FGR in cases with normal CMA results, aiding prenatal genetic counseling and pregnancy management for FGR fetuses.
Metastasectomy of a solitary liver tumor from prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hayashi Tomoyuki , Yoshida Kenji , Tamura Chiharu , Miyazawa Yoshio , Sato Masahiko , Miyamoto Taito , Nakagawa Masayuki 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionMetastasectomy of oligometastatic prostate cancer has the potential to contribute to improving prognosis. We report on a case of metastasectomy of solitary liver tumor after radical prostatectomy.Case presentationAn 80‐year‐old man underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, followed by radiotherapy after the operation because of increased serum prostate‐specific antigen levels of 0.529 ng/mL. Levels increased further to 0.997 ng/mL even after salvage therapy. The patient then received androgen deprivation therapy. Levels remained stable for 3 years, but rapidly increased to 19.781 ng/mL in the following 6 months. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a solitary liver tumor, and no metastasis to other sites was identified. The patient underwent liver segmentectomy. Microscopic examination of excised specimens revealed prostate cancer cells. Five years after surgery, serum prostate‐specific antigen maintained to the lowest level so far.ConclusionMetastasectomy might be a beneficial therapeutic option to improve the prognosis for solitary metastasis from prostate cancer.
Parent–Child Relationship Scale (P‐CRS): A valid and clinically sensitive tool for assessing the parent‐child relationship
Authors: Quintigliano Maria , Fortunato Alexandro , Lauriola Marco , Speranza Anna Maria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study measured the efficacy of the Parent–Child Relationship Scale (P‐CRS) in assessing the relationship between parents and children. The aims of the study were to explore how the scale scores change in relation to age and sex of the children, evaluate its ability to capture relational difficulties, and investigating its usefulness to assess the parent‐child relationship in the context of certain psychopathological conditions. A total of 322 clinicians rated 542 mother–child dyads (92% Italian, 8% other nationality). The clinical group was comprised of 267 children with confirmed clinical conditions. The control group was comprised of 275 children with typical development, rated by clinicians in their private offices after four to five evaluative sessions. Descriptive statistics were captured and ANOVAs and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate in both groups the efficacy of the scale in assessing the parent‐child relationship. Finally, to test P‐CRS accuracy, optimal cutoff scores for each subscale were computed using the ROC method. The findings provide evidence for the P‐CRS ability to capture relational difficulties in both groups, showing its utility as screening tool. Thus, the results support that P‐CRS can be used for exploring how different relationship patterns can occur in different clinical conditions.
Thirteen dubious ways to detect conserved structural RNAs
Authors: Gao William , Yang Ann , Rivas Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCovariation induced by compensatory base substitutions in RNA alignments is a great way to deduce conserved RNA structure, in principle. In practice, success depends on many factors, importantly the quality and depth of the alignment and the choice of covariation statistic. Measuring covariation between pairs of aligned positions is easy. However, using covariation to infer evolutionarily conserved RNA structure is complicated by other extraneous sources of covariation such as that resulting from homologous sequences having evolved from a common ancestor. In order to provide evidence of evolutionarily conserved RNA structure, a method to distinguish covariation due to sources other than RNA structure is necessary. Moreover, there are several sorts of artifactually generated covariation signals that can further confound the analysis. Additionally, some covariation signal is difficult to detect due to incomplete comparative data. Here, we investigate and critically discuss the practice of inferring conserved RNA structure by comparative sequence analysis. We provide new methods on how to approach and decide which of the numerous long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have biologically relevant structures.
Benchmarking biomolecular force field‐based Zn2+ for mono‐ and bimetallic ligand binding sites
Authors: Melse Okke , Antes Iris , Kaila Ville R. I. , Zacharias Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractZn2+ is one of the most versatile biologically available metal ions, but accurate modeling of Zn2+‐containing metalloproteins at the biomolecular force field level can be challenging. Since most Zn2+ models are parameterized in bulk solvent, in‐depth knowledge about their performance in a protein environment is limited. Thus, we systematically investigate here the behavior of non‐polarizable Zn2+ models for their ability to reproduce experimentally determined metal coordination and ligand binding in metalloproteins. The benchmarking is performed in challenging environments, including mono‐ (carbonic anhydrase II) and bimetallic (metallo‐β‐lactamase VIM‐2) ligand binding sites. We identify key differences in the performance between the Zn2+ models with regard to the preferred ligating atoms (charged/non‐charged), attraction of water molecules, and the preferred coordination geometry. Based on these results, we suggest suitable simulation conditions for varying Zn2+ site geometries that could guide the further development of biomolecular Zn2+ models.
Extremely asymmetric sawtooth potential in the ratchet theory
Authors: Rozenbaum Viktor M. , Shapochkina Irina V. , Teranishi Yoshiaki , Witek Henryk A. , Trakhtenberg Leonid I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present a review of analytical approaches involved in developing the ratchet theory, which are based on the model of extremely asymmetric sawtooth potential. Analytical expressions are given for the average velocity of ratchets which operate in various motion modes, namely, motion induced by dichotomous half‐period shifts of potential profiles, adiabatic and high‐temperature modes, and motion induced by small fluctuations of an arbitrary type. The presence of jumps in the periodic extremely asymmetric sawtooth potential profile leads to a number of features of the obtained solutions which follow from the competition of the reverse sliding time tending to infinity with high fluctuation frequencies. The resulting dependences of the average velocity on the ratchet parameters clearly demonstrate that the motion direction can be controlled by tuning the frequency and temperature. The heuristic value of the presented models for controlling nanoparticle transport is discussed.
Sex‐specific effects of developmental morphine exposure and rearing environments on hippocampal spatial memory
Authors: Sarkaki Alireza , Mard Seyed Ali , Bakhtiari Nima , Yazdanfar Neda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDevelopmental morphine (MOR) exposure (DME) detrimentally affects the cognitive abilities of the next generation. It is shown that postnatal rearing environments and prenatal conditions effectively impact memory. The present study investigated the effects of DME, postweaning rearing, and sex on spatial learning and memory. At molecular level, we evaluated mRNA levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), μ‐opioid receptor, and ΔFosB in the hippocampus of male offspring. Female Wistar rats were treated with escalating doses of MOR or saline before mating, gestation, and lactation. On Postnatal Day 22, the male and female pups were divided into 12 groups and raised for 2 months under different conditions: standard, isolated (ISO), or enriched environment. Afterward, the Morris water maze task measured spatial learning and reference memory; rats were then sacrificed to assess hippocampus gene expressions. Results indicated the DME and isolated rearing increased latency to find the hidden platform in male offspring. DME was insignificant in female offspring, whereas rearing environments significantly altered escape latency in both sexes. We also found that the enriched environment upregulated the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in both saline and MOR groups, whereas it downregulated the mRNA levels of CREB1, μ‐opioid receptor, and ΔFosB in the MOR group. In addition, the DME enhanced CREB1, μ‐opioid receptor, and ΔFosB gene expression in the MOR + isolated group. Our findings signified the effects of DME, rearing environment, and sex on the spatial learning abilities of offspring. Also, we showed that DME and rearing conditions could manipulate hippocampal neurochemistry.
Psychophysical Evaluation of Visual vs. Computer‐Aided Detection of Brain Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Solomon Chen , Shmueli Omer , Shrot Shai , Blumenfeld‐Katzir Tamar , Radunsky Dvir , Omer Noam , Stern Neta , Reichman Dominique Ben‐Ami , Hoffmann Chen , Salti Moti , Greenspan Hayit , Ben‐Eliezer Noam 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis is usually performed by analyzing contrast‐weighted images, where pathology is detected once it reached a certain visual threshold. Computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) has been proposed as a way for achieving higher sensitivity to early pathology.PurposeTo compare conventional (i.e., visual) MRI assessment of artificially generated multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in the brain's white matter to CAD based on a deep neural network.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 25 neuroradiologists (15 males, age 39 ± 9, 9 ± 9.8 years of experience) independently assessed all synthetic lesions.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T, T2‐weighted multi‐echo spin‐echo (MESE) sequence.AssessmentMS lesions of varying severity levels were artificially generated in healthy volunteer MRI scans by manipulating T2 values. Radiologists and a neural network were tasked with detecting these lesions in a series of 48 MR images. Sixteen images presented healthy anatomy and the rest contained a single lesion at eight increasing severity levels (6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 21%, 25%, and 30% elevation in T2). True positive (TP) rates, false positive (FP) rates, and odds ratios (ORs) were compared between radiological diagnosis and CAD across the range lesion severity levels.Statistical TestsDiagnostic performance of the two approaches was compared using z‐tests on TP rates, FP rates, and the logarithm of ORs across severity levels. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsORs of identifying pathology were significantly higher for CAD vis‐à‐vis visual inspection for all lesions' severity levels. For a 6% change in T2 value (lowest severity), radiologists' TP and FP rates were not significantly different (P = 0.12), while the corresponding CAD results remained statistically significant.Data ConclusionCAD is capable of detecting the presence or absence of more subtle lesions with greater precision than the representative group of 25 radiologists chosen in this study.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 3
Evaluation the efficacy and safety of N‐acetylcysteine inhalation spray in controlling the symptoms of patients with COVID‐19: An open‐label randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Panahi Yunes , Ghanei Mostafa , Rahimi Morteza , Samim Abbas , Vahedian‐Azimi Amir , Atkin Stephen L. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and safety of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) inhalation spray in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on patients with COVID‐19. Eligible patients (n = 250) were randomly allocated into the intervention group (routine treatment + NAC inhaler spray one puff per 12 h, for 7 days) or the control group who received routine treatment alone. Clinical features, hemodynamic, hematological, biochemical parameters and patient outcomes were assessed and compared before and after treatment. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the intervention group (39.2% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between the two groups (intervention and control, respectively) for white blood cell count (6.2 vs. 7.8, p < 0.001), hemoglobin (12.3 vs. 13.3, p = 0.002), C‐reactive protein (CRP: 6 vs. 11.5, p < 0.0001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST: 32 vs. 25.5, p < 0.0001). No differences were seen for hospital length of stay (11.98 ± 3.61 vs. 11.81 ± 3.52, p = 0.814) or the requirement for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (7.2% vs. 11.2%, p = 0.274). NAC was beneficial in reducing the mortality rate in patients with COVID‐19 and inflammatory parameters, and a reduction in the development of severe respiratory failure; however, it did not affect the length of hospital stay or the need for ICU admission. Data on the effectiveness of NAC for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 is limited and further research is required.