bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Social Media to Social Change: Online Platforms’ Impact on Kazakhstan’s Feminist and Civil Activisms
Authors: Azizi Anaita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the landscapes of feminist and civil activist movements in Kazakhstan and how these movements further developed and interacted after 2019. Given Kazakhstan’s authoritarian system of governance, social media plays a crucial role in the development of activist movements as it allows for faster and effective community mobilisation. The paper employs “the logic of connective action” concept as a theoretical basis to explore how social media has impacted the activist movement growth. The study is divided into two analytical parts: inductive and deductive. Inductive analysis is based on qualitative interviews and dedicated to exploring the goals, strategies, and challenges of feminist and activist movements, identifying the main actors, and pinpointing the movements’ interactions. The inductive analysis concludes with the proposition of the hypothesis that local cyberfeminist activism increases women’s involvement in activities dedicated to causes other than feminist one. The deductive analysis attempts to test this hypothesis via a survey developed for the present study. The paper concludes with a discussion section that summarises how feminist activism strengthens other activist movements and how the present case study can be expanded to other Central Asian states.
China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Curse or Blessing for Democracy in Eurasia?
Authors: Mihr Anja , Weiffen Brigitte 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter sets the stage for the debates addressed in this volume’s special section on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its effects on democratization or autocratization processes in recipient countries and societies since its establishment in 2013. After providing a brief overview of the expansion of the BRI and Chinese influence in Eurasia, it subsequently reviews core assumptions and preliminary findings on the implications of the BRI for the political regime type in countries across Eurasia that receive BRI investments. Furthermore, it gives an outlook on the contributions to the special section and outlines questions for future research on the political effects of the BRI.
Official Visions of Democracy in Xi Jinping’s China
Authors: Holbig Heike 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe concept of “democracy” has been used in Chinese political discourse since the early twentieth century. It was first appropriated as part of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) vocabulary by Mao Zedong, and subsequent leadership generations have added new interpretations of the notion. Since 2012, when Xi Jinping took office as China’s new paramount leader, the concept of “democracy” has been further developed in official party discourse. Coined as a “socialist core value,” its popularization helps to bolster regime legitimacy at home. At the same time, the idea of a “Chinese-style democracy” might gain traction in other non-democratic regimes in Eurasia in the course of growing geopolitical rivalries.
Perceptions of Chinese Investments in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Jones Ilya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChina’s announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative has led to growing investments abroad, but with many bumps on the way. While Central Asia is seen as an essential region for the initiative—a land route connecting China and the West—engagement has come with its share of challenges. In Kyrgyzstan, this has been characterised by public scepticism and concerns over national autonomy, identity, environmental damage, livelihoods, and labour practices. This chapter, which is based on desk research and interviews with leading experts, explores some of the perceptions and potential dynamics that should be considered.
The Belt and Road Initiative and Autocracy Promotion as Elements of China’s Grand Strategy
Authors: Mandelbaum Henoch Gabriel , Weiffen Brigitte 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses the role of autocracy promotion in China’s grand strategy and the role of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in this context. Both the BRI and autocracy promotion can be considered tools Beijing uses to undermine the liberal international order. China does not engage in obvious activities to export its political system. Rather, its efforts are aimed at preventing the spread of Western democracy in its immediate vicinity, with the aims of guaranteeing the rule of the Chinese Communist Party, and ultimately, undermining the liberal values at the heart of the current international order. The BRI has a dual role in realising China’s grand strategy: it expands Beijing’s power projection and strengthens autocracy in its sphere of influence.
The Rise of Anti-Eurasian Sentiment in Kazakhstan
Authors: Malikbayeva Saniya , Gabdullin Gabit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), established in 2015, marked a new stage of integration and cooperation between the post-Soviet States. Despite of the continuing economic and political struggle, Kazakhstan, which is considered to be one of the founding and most enthusiastic members of the union, is still committed to the initiative. This chapter explores anti-Eurasian narratives among the country’s population. Concerns over national sovereignty, national identity, and territorial integrity, in addition to the controversial economic benefits of the union, dominate the popular discourses. The trajectories of these discourses are also manifested vis-à-vis regional differences and along ethnic lines.
Social Security of States with Limited Recognition: A Case Study of the Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Szeląg Paulina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) comprises 57 participating states, including almost all the countries of the Western Balkans. The only country which is not a participating state of the OSCE in this region is the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo announced its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, and a number of OSCE participating states soon after recognized its statehood. However, some participating states, including Serbia, Russia, Spain, Slovakia, Romania, Cyprus, and Greece, did not. International organizations, such as the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), and the OSCE, have been engaged in post-conflict reconstruction of Kosovo since 1999. The aim of this article is to show the role of international community engagement in rebuilding the social security system in Kosovo since the end of the war of 1999. This analysis will enable the reader to understand not only the evolution of the social security system in Kosovo, but also the direct and indirect impact of international community on the social security of the states with limited recognition.
Integritätsmanagement im Überblick
Authors: Renz Patrick S. , Frischherz Bruno , Wettstein Irena 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel bietet einen kurzen Überblick über Konzepte und Modelle der Ethik und des Integritätsmanagements. Zunächst werden die Begriffe „Verantwortung“ und „Integrität“ im wirtschaftlichen Zusammenhang definiert und erläutert. Dann werden fünf Ansätze der allgemeinen Ethik kurz vorgestellt, d. h. die Tugendethik, die Pflichtenethik, die Folgenethik, die Anerkennungsethik und die Diskursethik.Die beiden zentralen Begriffe des Kapitels sind die ethischen Spannungsfelder und die Leitideen guter Zusammenarbeit. Mit Hilfe der Spannungsfelder können ethische Dilemmas im Unternehmensalltag erfasst und in ihre IST- und SOLL-Komponenten zerlegt werden. Die Leitideen basieren auf den Ansätzen der Diskurs- und der Anerkennungsethik und bilden das ethische Fundament für Managemententscheidungen.Anschließend wird ein Ablaufschema vorgestellt, mit dessen Hilfe ethische Dilemmas in einem geordneten Prozess einer Lösung zugeführt werden.Das Kapitel schließt mit der Definition des Begriffs „Integrität“: Eine Organisation ist integer, wenn sie ethische Spannungsfelder fortlaufend erkennt, nach den Leitideen der Diskursethik und Anerkennungsethik analysiert und als Teil der normalen Managementaufgaben löst.Das Ziel dieses ersten Kapitels ist es, den Lesenden einen kurzen Überblick über Konzepte und Modelle der Ethik und des Integritätsmanagements zu geben.
Fallbeispiele zum Integritätsmanagement
Authors: Renz Patrick S. , Frischherz Bruno , Wettstein Irena 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel stellt typische Dilemmas im Unternehmensalltag als Fallbeispiele vor. Jedes Dilemma wird vorgestellt, mit einem konkreten Beispiel illustriert und anschließend mit Hilfe von Spannungsfeldern analysiert.Die Fallbeispiele sind nach den drei Bereichen des Integritätsmanagements geordnet. Im Bereich „Prinzipien“ werden folgende Fallbeispiele vorgestellt: Korruption, Bestechung, Schmiergelder; Geschenke und Gefälligkeiten; Lobbying und Parteienfinanzierung; Transparente Produktinformation; Faire Preispolitik; Diskriminierung bei der Rekrutierung; Gleichberechtigung; Religiosität am Arbeitsplatz.Im Bereich „Prozesse“ werdenfolgende Fallbeispiele vorgestellt: Zulieferkette; Umstrittene Aufträge; Auftragsvergabe: das billigste Angebot; Produktequalität und -sicherheit; Gesundheit und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz; Informelle Kanäle; Leistungsmessung und Leistungsbeurteilung; Faire Lohnsysteme; Entlassung.Im Bereich „Menschen“ werden folgende Fallbeispiele vorgesellt: Persönliche Überzeugungen; Hintergedanken – Hidden Agendas; Whistleblowing; Loyalität gegenüber dem Unternehmen; Reaktion auf Fehlverhalten; Alkoholproblem; Mobbing; Sexuelle Belästigung.Zu jedem Fallbeispiel werden Vorschläge zur Lösung und zum Vorgehen formuliert sowie Hintergrundinformationen und weiterführende Links und Literatur aufgeführt.Das Ziel des zweiten Kapitels ist es, typische Dilemmas im Unternehmensalltag als Fallbeispiele vorzustellen, zu analysieren und Lösungsvorschläge zu diskutieren.
Good Practices im Integritätsmanagement
Authors: Renz Patrick S. , Frischherz Bruno , Wettstein Irena 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel stellt ausgewählte Umsetzungsvorschläge zum Integritätsmanagement als Good Practices vor. Es zeigt, was Führungskräfte konkret tun können, um die Integrität einer Organisation zu stärken. Die Good Practices sind nach den drei Bereichen des Integritätsmanagements geordnet.Für den Bereich „Prinzipien“ werden folgende Good Practices vorgestellt: Leitlinien-Workshop, Leitbild und Verhaltenskodex, Dialog mit Anspruchsgruppen, Ethikprogramme und Internationale Ethikstandards.Für den Bereich „Prozesse“ werden folgende Good Practices vorgestellt: Diskursive Rollenklärung, Regelmäßiger Reflexionsraum, Ethik-Hotline und Ethikbeauftragte, Checklisten zur Korruptionsbekämpfung, Compliance-Radar und Software zumIntegritätsmanagement.Für den Bereich „Menschen“ werden folgende Good Practices vorgestellt: Führungskräfte als Vorbilder, Workshop zu Spannungsfeldern, Ethik-Spiel mit Multiple-Choice-Fragen und Weiterbildung zur ethischen Kompetenz.Eine integre Organisation unterscheidet sich von einer weniger integren dadurch, dass sie ethische Spannungsfelder fortlaufend erkennt und als Teil der normalen Managementaufgaben löst.Das Ziel des vierten Kapitels ist es, Umsetzungsvorschläge zum Integritätsmanagement als Good Practices vorzustellen. Es soll aufgezeigt werden, was Führungskräfte konkret tun können, um die Integrität einer Organisation zu stärken.
Global Health Diplomacy to Combat Communicable Diseases and to Promote Universal Health Coverage in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3
Authors: Katsuma Yasushi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aspiration of the Goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages” is derived from both the “right to health” norm in the field of international human rights and the “health for all (HFA)” goal in the field of international development. The principle of “Leave no one behind” in achieving the SDGs is logically endorsed both by the right to health and the HFA. First, communicable diseases have become perceived as a threat to “human security” in global health, and Japan started to use the concept in global health diplomacy to elevate the level of dialogues. Nevertheless, Ebola Virus Diseaseand COVID-19, not anticipated when the SDGs were adopted, now urge us to re-visit the needs to reform global health governance. Second, to promote universal health coverage (UHC), international partnership has been strengthened. In 2019, at the G20 Summit, Japan played an important role in promoting the UHC among the twenty members. This led to an expanded international commitment made at UN High-Level Meeting on UHC in the same year. It shows that global health has become an important agenda for diplomacy.
The Trilogy for Peacebuilding: Beyond Obstacles of Democratization, Development and Peace
Authors: Yamada Mitsuru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs Peace Studies is interdisciplinary subject, this chapter especially focuses on three main aspects: democratization, development, and peace. These are very important factors for keeping on a peaceful society. Therefore, we must cooperate for solving such challenges because we are facing with serious issues resulted from three areas. In concrete, democratic system is confronted by authoritarianism. The regime against human rights is increasing worldwide as well as in Asia. We get the news on election operation without a free and fair guarantee. It generally means there were irregularities at the polls. In the case of development, we are facing with the income disparity inside a country, as well as among states. Finally, the policy seeking the interests of own country like ‘America First’ sweep across worldwide. Therefore, we must promote the peace on human rights based on international harmony and cooperation. This chapter discusses to remove various obstacles as mentioned above. And then, the actors such as government, the UN, regional organization, and non-governmental organization (NGO) must take charge of the role of promoting peaceful world because they need to cooperate for realization of SDGs Goal 16, based on peace, justice, and strong institutions.
Stuck in an Equilibrium of High Corruption: The Strait Gate to a Fair and Transparent Society
Authors: Kato Atsushi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTarget 16.5 of SDGs aims to “Substantially reduce corruptionand bribery in all their forms.” It is widely accepted in economics that corruption aggravates the overall economic performance of a society. However, previous studies have also shown that firms providing bribes to public officials are likely to record higher sales growth, while public officials undoubtedly enjoy extra income or entertainment. Domestic and international actors have fought against corruption for long, but most of these efforts have failed, mainly due to the reluctance of public officials who benefit from the entangled networks of corruption. Corruption has become an equilibrium of the interactions of a variety of societal actors, which is thus considered a social institution. Historically, all societies were corrupt by today’s standards, but some of them have successfully overcome the hardship of escaping the equilibrium of corruption, achieving a more transparent society. The examples of such societies include Britain, the United States, Hong Kong and Singapore. These cases indicate that the strong political will of powerful elites is necessary for successful transitions. Many developing countries do not meet such conditions, which is a strait gate for a fair and transparent society.
Considering the Effectiveness and Achievement of SDGs Towards Combating Human Trafficking
Authors: Shimazaki Yuko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman trafficking needs to be addressed globally. It is designated as an important part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Human trafficking can be defined as a by-product of a negative circle caused by several social and economic problems that reciprocally affect each other in a complex manner. Global systematic exploitation, widening inequality, domestic or international social problems, and human rights issues lead to it. Considering the features of human trafficking, this chapter attempts to examine methods to reduce it using SDGs. This study mainly considers SDGs 5, 8, 10, 16, and 17 by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). This paper also tries to discuss it considering the goals and the following perspectives to propose possible solutions to the problems: First, the actions the international society has taken to eradicate the crime. Second, further understanding human trafficking. Finally, how SDGs can be adopted in the context of current human trafficking.
Normofractionated irradiation and not temozolomide modulates the immunogenic and oncogenic phenotype of human glioblastoma cell lines
Authors: Schatz Julia , Ladinig Alexandra , Fietkau Rainer , Putz Florian , Gaipl Udo S. , Frey Benjamin , Derer Anja 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with an overall poor prognosis after diagnosis. Conventional treatment includes resection, chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), and concomitant radiotherapy (RT). The recent success of immunotherapy approaches in other tumor entities, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors, could not be clinically transferred to GBM treatment so far. Therefore, preclinical analyses of the expression of both immune-suppressive and immune-stimulatory checkpoint molecules following treatment of human glioblastoma cells with RT and/or temozolomide is needed to design feasible radio(chemo)immunotherapy trials for GBM in the future.

Methods
Five human glioblastoma cell lines (H4, HROG-06, U118, U138, U251) were analyzed regarding their clonogenic survival and cell death forms after chemotherapy (CT) with TMZ and/or normofractionated RT (5 × 2 Gy) via multicolor flow cytometry. Further, the tumor cell surface expression of immune-activating (OX40L, CD137L, CD70, and ICOSL) and immune-suppressive (PD-L1, PD-L2, HVEM) checkpoint molecules and of an oncogenic molecule (EGFR) were measured via multicolor flow cytometry after CT and RT alone or after RCT.

Results
Normofractionated RT and not TMZ was the trigger of induction of predominantly necrosis in the glioblastoma cells. Notably, clonogenicity did not correlate with cell death induction by RT. The basal expression level of immune-suppressive PD-L1, PD-L2, and HVEM varied in the analyzed glioblastoma cells. RT, but not TMZ, resulted in a significant upregulation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in all tumor cells investigated. Also, the expression of HVEM was increased after RT in most of the GBM cell lines. In contrast, normofractionated RT individually modulated expression of the stimulating immune checkpoint molecules CD70, CD137L, OX40L, and ICOSL1. The oncogenic factor EGFR was significantly increased by irradiation in all examined cell lines, albeit to a different extent. None of the investigated molecules were downregulated after the treatments.

Conclusion
Normofractionated radiotherapy modulates the immunogenic as well as the oncogenic phenotype of glioblastoma cells, partly individually. Therefore, not only PD-L1 and PD-L2, but also other immunogenic molecules expressed on the surface of glioblastoma cells could serve as targets for immune checkpoint blockade in combination with RT in the future.
Hospital preparedness for major incidents in Sweden: a national survey with focus on mass casualty incidents
Authors: Söderin Louise , Agri Joakim , Hammarberg Elsa , Lennquist-Montán Kristina , Montán Carl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionMass-casualty incidents, MCI, pose a constant threat on societies all over the world. It is essential that hospital organizations systematically prepare for such situations. A method for repeated follow-up and evaluation of hospital disaster planning is much needed.AimsTo evaluate Swedish hospitals´ disaster preparedness with focus on MCI through a web-based survey to highlight areas in need of improvement to ensure better preparedness and resilience.Materials and methodsAn online survey was sent to all Swedish emergency hospitals (n = 87, 49 emergency hospitals). One respondent per hospital answered questions about the hospital’s disaster planning, training, key functions, and preparedness. The survey was developed based on current knowledge on key areas of interest for all-hazard preparedness, including the WHO’s guidelines. The survey was open between September 6th and November 1st, 2021.Results39 hospitals (34 emergency hospitals) from 18/21 regions participated. Main findings included marked differences between regions and hospital types regarding contingency plans, organization, formal education for key functions, disaster training and triage systems.ConclusionsGenerally, Swedish hospitals cover most key areas in disaster preparedness, but no hospital appears to have a full all-hazards coverage, which leaves room for improvement. There are large variations between the different hospitals’ preparedness, which need to decrease. Several hospitals expressed a need of national guidelines for developing equivalent contingency plans. The study-method could be used for monitoring compliance with current laws and guidelines.
Robotic hernia surgery IV. English version
Authors: Dewulf Maxime , Dietz Ulrich A. , Montgomery Agneta , Pauli Eric M. , Marturano Matthew N. , Ayuso Sullivan A. , Augenstein Vedra A. , Lambrecht Jan R. , Köhler Gernot , Keller Nicola , Wiegering Armin , Muysoms Filip 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe surgical treatment of parastomal hernias is considered complex and is known to be prone to complications. Traditionally, this condition was treated using relocation techniques or local suture repairs. Since then, several mesh-based techniques have been proposed and are nowadays used in minimally invasive surgery. Since the introduction of robot-assisted surgery to the field of abdominal wall surgery, several adaptations to these techniques have been made, which may significantly improve patient outcomes. In this contribution, we provide an overview of available techniques in robot-assisted parastomal hernia repair. Technical considerations and preliminary results of robot-assisted modified Sugarbaker repair, robot-assisted Pauli technique, and minimally invasive use of a funnel-shaped mesh in the treatment of parastomal hernias are presented. Furthermore, challenges in robot-assisted ileal conduit parastomal hernia repair are discussed. These techniques are illustrated by photographic and video material. Besides providing a comprehensive overview of robot-assisted parastomal hernia repair, this article focuses on the specific advantages of robot-assisted techniques in the treatment of this condition.