bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manihot esculenta tuber microcrystalline cellulose and woven bamboo fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: mechanical, hydrophobic and wear behavior
Authors: Gugulothu Bhiksha , Nagabhooshanam N , Arun M , Vinayaka N , Patil Pravin P , Murthy K V S R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this research Manihot esculenta (cassava) tuber stem microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and woven bamboo fiber (WBF) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites are prepared and tested. The main aim of this study was to synthesis the microcrystalline cellulose from Manihot esculenta tuber stem and investigate the mechanical, wear and hydrophobic properties of UP resin composite made using MCC and WBF. The laminated composites were prepared by the hand layup method and characterized according to ASTM standards. According to the results, the composite containing 40 vol% of WBF increased the tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, interlaminar shear strength, Izod impact as well as hardness by 39%, 10%, 42%, 27%, 1%, 91%, and 1%, respectively as compare to pure polyester resin composites. In comparison to all composites, the composite with 4 vol% of MCC exhibits the lowest sp. wear rate of 0.011 mm3/Nm. The water absorption contact angle indicated that all composite designations had a wider contact angle of more than 70°, which indicates a stronger hydrophobicity of composites. The SEM fractography reveals improved bonding and toughness for 4 vol% of MCC and WBF reinforced UP composites. Such mechanically stronger, wear resistance, as well as high hydrophobic composites, could be used in aerospace, automobile, defence and industrial sector.
Experimental studies on wear and corrosion resistance of pulse electrodeposited Ni-TiO2 nanocomposite coatings on AISI 304 stainless steel
Authors: V Suresh , A Jegan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nickel-nano titanium oxide (Ni-TiO2) composite coatings were developed on stainless steel 304 substrate using pulsed electro-deposition technique. Experiments were carried out employing

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orthogonal array, taking current density, frequency, and duty cycle as prime parameters. Coating characterization was done using FESEM with EDAX and XRD. Applying the Response Surface Methodology optimization method, the optimized values of the parameters were identified as duty cycle, frequency and current density with values of 24%, 10 Hz and 0.6 A cm−2 respectively. Vickers micro-hardness, surface roughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance were measured initially for the as-coated sample. The sample that yielded the optimum parameters was then heat treated for an hour at 400 °C in a closed furnace and quenched in SAE 40 grade oil. Test results of post heat-treated sample produced maximum micro-hardness of 446.45Hv, reduced surface roughness of 0.292 μm, superior wear rate of 3.20E−07 mm3 N−1-m−1 and corrosion protection efficiency of 94.52% of Ni-TiO2 coating at low frequency, along with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance as compared with the as-coated sample.
The nexus of carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, and urbanization in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alajlan Naif , Alreshaidi Amirah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Saudi Arabia has implemented its ambitious and comprehensive national strategy, i.e., Saudi Vision 2030, to achieve major economic, social, and environmental objectives. The main aim of this paper is to study the Granger causality relationships between economic growth, environmental degradation, and urbanization in Saudi Arabia over the period from 1985 to 2019. At first, Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests were applied in order to check the stationarity of the panel time-series data. Since the data were of mixed order of integration I(0) and I(1), the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework was employed to perform the statistical analysis. Then, the short- and long-run relationships were evaluated using the bounds test for cointegration applied on the Error Correction Models (ECMs) for GDP, CO2 emissions, and urbanization as the dependent variables. Furthermore, the direction and significance of causality were estimated in the ARDL/ECM framework. In addition, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis was examined for the sample data. To assess the generalization capability of the findings in this study, robustness and diagnostic tests were applied. In the long-run, the empirical findings indicate that 1% increase in economic growth Granger caused 0.15% increase in CO2 emissions and 0.006% decrease in urbanization. Whereas 1% increase in urbanization Granger caused 2.5% increase in the economic growth. In the short-run, a unidirectional causal relationship existed from economic growth to both CO2 emissions and urbanization with 1% increase in GDP Granger caused 0.3% and 0.004% increases in CO2 emissions and urbanization, respectively. Finally, policy recommendations were presented in light of the Saudi Vision 2030.
Lived Experiences of Special Schools in England: Key Considerations for Social Work Practice
Authors: Smith Julia , Lynes Mark , English-Peach Charles Mark , Sealey Clive 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article presents the lived experiences of attending special education schools in England from the perspectives of three individuals over different times and for different reasons. The focus on the lived experiences is to detail the real-life impact that attending special schools can have on individuals. The accounts highlight that whilst all the individuals had positive experiences from attending special schools, a recurring negative theme from all three individuals is that of a pervading sense of low expectations. The accounts detail the long-term impact of this recurring negative theme for the individuals, and key considerations for social work in the context of the increased use of special schools through the practice of Education Health and Care plans.
Modeling environment through a general exposome factor in two independent adolescent cohorts
Authors: Moore Tyler M , Visoki Elina , Argabright Stirling T , Didomenico Grace E , Sotelo Ingrid , Wortzel Jeremy D , Naeem Areebah , Gur Ruben C , Gur Raquel E , Warrier Varun , Guloksuz Sinan , Barzilay Ran 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Exposures to perinatal, familial, social, and physical environmental stimuli can have substantial effects on human development. We aimed to generate a single measure that capture’s the complex network structure of the environment (ie, exposome) using multi-level data (participant’s report, parent report, and geocoded measures) of environmental exposures (primarily from the psychosocial environment) in two independent adolescent cohorts: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study, N = 11 235; mean age, 10.9 years; 47.7% females) and an age- and sex-matched sample from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 4993). We conducted a series of data-driven iterative factor analyses and bifactor modeling in the ABCD Study, reducing dimensionality from 348 variables tapping to environment to six orthogonal exposome subfactors and a general (adverse) exposome factor. The general exposome factor was associated with overall psychopathology (B = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.26-0.3) and key health-related outcomes: obesity (odds ratio [OR] , 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5) and advanced pubertal development (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5). A similar approach in PNC reduced dimensionality of environment from 29 variables to 4 exposome subfactors and a general exposome factor. PNC analyses yielded consistent associations of the general exposome factor with psychopathology (B = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.13-0.17), obesity (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6), and advanced pubertal development (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1-1.6). In both cohorts, inclusion of exposome factors greatly increased variance explained in overall psychopathology compared with models relying solely on demographics and parental education (from &lt;4% to &gt;38% in ABCD; from &lt;4% to &gt;18.5% in PNC). Findings suggest that a general exposome factor capturing multi-level environmental exposures can be derived and can consistently explain variance in youth’s mental and general health.
Anaerobic degradation of thiobencarb by mixed culture of isolated bacteria
Authors: Duc Ha Danh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thiobencarb is a highly effective thiocarbamate herbicide frequently used in rice fields globally. In this study, three bacterial strains (Dechloromonas sp. Th1, Thauera sp. Th2, and Azoarcus sp. Th3) isolated from immobilized biomass were analyzed for thiobencarb degradation under anaerobic conditions, with nitrate serving as an electron acceptor. The experimental results showed that thiobencarb was transformed by Dechloromonas sp. Th1 and Thauera sp. Th2 to produce high concentrations of metabolites in a mineral medium. Dechloromonas sp. Th1 dechlorinated the herbicide to benzyl mercaptan, which was then degraded by Thauera sp. Th2 and Azoarcus sp. Th3. Azoarcus sp. Th3 effectively degraded intermediates, i.e. 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 4-chlorobenzoic acid, and benzoic acid, produced from the degradation by Dechloromonas sp. Th1 and Thauera sp. Th2. The cross-feeding, nutrient sharing, and cooperation of all isolates in the degradation process decreased the concentrations of intermediate products. The determination of the degradation kinetics showed that the utilization in the exponential phase of the mixed bacteria was consistent with the Michaelis–Menten model, with a maximum degradation rate of 1.56 ± 0.16 µM day−1. This study showed the degradation mechanisms in bacteria and the synergistic process in the degradation of thiobencarb and its metabolites.
Multimorbidity and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Contextual Approach
Authors: Mindlis Irina , Revenson Tracey A , Erblich Joel , Fernández Sedano Brandon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Among older adults, depressive symptoms increase with each chronic illness; however, specific disease-related stressors (e.g., pain) and contextual moderators (interpersonal, sociocultural, temporal) of this relationship remain understudied. We explored disease-related stressors associated with depressive symptoms and moderating effects of contextual factors on this relationship, guided by a social ecological framework.

Research Design and Methods
Adults ≥62 years with multimorbidity (n = 366) completed validated scales assessing diagnoses, disease-related stressors (pain intensity, subjective cognitive function, physical function, somatic symptoms), and depressive symptoms. Moderators included age, expectations regarding aging, perceived social support, and difficulty affording medications. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Results
Participants were 62–88 years old, with several comorbidities (M = 3.5; range: 2–9). As hypothesized, disease-related stressors were associated with depressive symptoms (b = 0.64, SE = 0.04, p &lt; .001). The effect of disease-related stressors on depressive symptoms was greater among those reporting low social support (B = 0.70, SE = 0.06, p &lt; .001) than for those reporting high social support (B = 0.46, SE = 0.06, p &lt; .001). The negative effect of disease-related stressors on depressive symptoms was stronger for those with poorer expectations of aging (B = 0.68, SE = 0.07, p &lt; .001), compared to those with more positive expectations (B = 0.47, SE = 0.06, p &lt; .001). Age and difficulties affording medications were not significant moderators.

Discussion and Implications
Garnering social support and addressing low expectations for aging may prevent the detrimental effect of multimorbidity on mental health.
A Fatal Case Report of Barium Chloride Toxicity
Authors: Copeland Caroline S , Rock Kirsten L , Pinhal Andreia , Chapman Robert C , Chilcott Robert P 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBarium is an alkaline earth metal whose toxicity is dictated by its compounded salt form: barium sulfate is insoluble and safe to ingest, but other barium salts (chloride, carbonate, sulfide, oxide and acetate) are bioavailable and therefore toxic when ingested. There have been 49 previous reports of fatal intoxications following barium consumption: 38 deemed accidental in nature, 8 suicidal, 1 homicidal and 2 of undetermined intent. In this report, we detail the first intentional fatal self-poisoning with barium chloride to be reported in the UK, along with a review of the surrounding literature. This is the first case to report quantified levels of barium in blood and vitreous humor, and by providing details of sample collection, storage and processing, this case will aid in future interpretations.
From sentiment to style: Charles Stewart Parnell’s rhetoric in the first crisis of the UK
Authors: Biagini Eugenio , Geoghegan Patrick , Hanley Hugh , Jones Aneirin , Jones Huw 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Charles Stewart Parnell was the dominant Irish political figure of the late-nineteenth century. His campaigns for land reform and Home Rule changed Ireland’s relationship with Britain and reshaped north-south relations on the island. Despite his remarkable stature and influence, his legacy continues to be contested among scholars and his political stance is widely described as an ‘enigma’. His speeches were the main instrument through which he mobilized and polarized opinion throughout the Anglo-world, yet they have never been edited or even collected, and their impact—always presumed to be considerable—has not been studied in any systematic way. In this article, we describe the application of a combination of sentiment analysis (SA) and topic modelling to Parnell’s speeches to investigate how, when, and why he used emotive language, and which topics were utilized in the emotional manipulation of his audience. We will discuss the issues which arose in our experiments and how adopting a more nuanced approach to language could provide solutions to these challenges. We will also talk about how our investigation lead us away from ‘pure’ SA (i.e. positive or negative attitudes towards a particular aspect) and towards ‘style’ as a better framework for understanding and comparing the texts of the speeches. Finally, we will outline our plans for further work in this area.
The US Department of Veterans Affairs Science and Health Initiative to Combat Infectious and Emerging Life-Threatening Diseases (VA SHIELD): A Biorepository Addressing National Health Threats
Authors: Harley John B , Pyarajan Saiju , Partan Elizabeth S , Epstein Lauren , Wertheim Jason A , Diwan Abhinav , Woods Christopher W , Davey Victoria , Blair Sharlene , Clark Dennis H , Kaufman Kenneth M , Khan Shagufta , Chepelev Iouri , Devine Alexander , Cameron Perry , McCann Monica F , Ammons Mary Cloud B , Bolz Devin D , Battles Jane K , Curtis Jeffrey L , Holodniy Mark , Marconi Vincent C , Searles Charles D , Beenhouwer David O , Brown Sheldon T , Moorman Jonathan P , Yao Zhi Q , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Mohapatra Shyam , Molina De Rodriguez Osmara Y , Padiernos Emerson B , McIndoo Eric R , Price Emily , Burgoyne Hailey M , Robey Ian , Schwenke Dawn C , Shive Carey L , Przygodzki Ronald M , Ramoni Rachel B , Krull Holly K , Bonomo Robert A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has demonstrated the need to share data and biospecimens broadly to optimize clinical outcomes for US military Veterans.

Methods
In response, the Veterans Health Administration established VA SHIELD (Science and Health Initiative to Combat Infectious and Emerging Life-threatening Diseases), a comprehensive biorepository of specimens and clinical data from affected Veterans to advance research and public health surveillance and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.

Results
VA SHIELD now comprises 12 sites collecting de-identified biospecimens from US Veterans affected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, 2 biorepository sites, a data processing center, and a coordinating center have been established under the direction of the Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development. Phase 1 of VA SHIELD comprises 34 157 samples. Of these, 83.8% had positive tests for SARS-CoV-2, with the remainder serving as contemporaneous controls. The samples include nasopharyngeal swabs (57.9%), plasma (27.9%), and sera (12.5%). The associated clinical and demographic information available permits the evaluation of biological data in the context of patient demographics, clinical experience and management, vaccinations, and comorbidities.

Conclusions
VA SHIELD is representative of US national diversity with a significant potential to impact national healthcare. VA SHIELD will support future projects designed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 and other emergent healthcare crises. To the extent possible, VA SHIELD will facilitate the discovery of diagnostics and therapeutics intended to diminish COVID-19 morbidity and mortality and to reduce the impact of new emerging threats to the health of US Veterans and populations worldwide.
Being
Authors: van Inwagen Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis book presents and defends a large number of theses in ontology and meta-ontology. The meta-ontological theses are broadly Quinean: that existence or being is what is expressed by the existential quantifier of formal logic; that the variables the quantifiers bind are essentially third-person-singular pronouns; that the “ontological commitments” of a person or theory are best revealed when the sentences of the person or theory are translated into the quantifier-variable idiom. Much of the book is devoted to ontological, as opposed to meta-ontological, questions: Are there things that do not exist—or even things that have no sort of being whatever? Are there universals—or, more generally, abstract objects? What sort of thing is a property (quality, attribute…)? What are the ontological commitments of modal discourse? Are there possible worlds? If there are, do some of them contain “non-actual” individuals? (The meta-ontology severely constrains the ontology. For example, a non-actual but possible individual is an individual thing that might exist but does not. Therefore, non-actual individuals do not exist. That is to say, there aren’t any.) The book closes with the presentation and defense of an ontology consistent with everything said in the earlier parts of the book. The central thesis of this ontology is that everything belongs to one of two ontological categories, substance and relation. Relations are universals, and propositions are special kinds of relation. Special consideration is given to the absence of sets from the ontology.
Gender Wars and Gender in War
Authors: von Hlatky Stéfanie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Building on the argument that WPS norms have been adapted to suit military purposes, this chapter lays the intellectual groundwork for the book’s focus on gender and military operations. It starts with a discussion on the militarization of feminist ideas and explains how this came to be through policy debates and the experiences of two war-intensive decades after 9/11. It then examines the connection between gender representation, namely the long-standing debate about women’s integration into the military and gender analysis, which brings to the fore the social construction of women’s and men’s roles in conflict. For military organizations, a new narrative linking the participation of women with greater operational effectiveness naturally took hold, exemplified by female engagement teams.
Setting Norms
Authors: Belonick Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3, “Setting Norms” addresses the objection that late ancient historians—almost none of whom wrote during the Republic’s lifetime—used restraint as little more than literary license, retrojection, regurgitated Greek philosophy, or pure Roman nostalgia. The chapter serves three functions: first, to attempt (given the paucity of contemporary evidence from Middle and Early Republic) to place the restraint values into Rome’s republican past by using exclusively sources and fragments contemporary with the action; second, to postulate the restraint norms’ provenance and path until the last half of the second century bc; and third, to situate the observations of the first two chapters into modern scholarly models of how the Republic functioned. It concludes that the restraint values, through contestation, exemplary traditions, and time, created a self-reinforcing, stabilizing group habitus that assumed a reasonably secure shape and function by the second century BC, by which point the values’ critical role in the republican schema, their concomitant symbolic currency, their pedigree, and their resulting place in the Romans’ habitual mental map together accounted for the Romans’ ubiquitous, ceaseless, near-obsession with them—that aspect of Roman rhetoric and culture long underexplained or discounted. The chapter ends by observing how restraint values support modern models of the Republic as a performative competition.
Restraint as Accelerator
Authors: Belonick Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 8, assesses in a close reading how in the final crisis of 50–49 bc all the major players were driven by irreconcilable visions of restraint-based legitimacy, for which no body of peers or the People themselves could provide a definitive verdict. At the moment of crisis, restraint logic was an accelerator, but not a brake. Caesar and Pompey tried to use the habitus’ restraint scripts to govern their relationship and present themselves to their audiences, touting their own temperantia, care for concordia, and moderation. Still, neither would cede to the other, let alone to the overwhelming majority of the Senate or to the People. The restraint norms prevented neither man from doing anything that he truly wished to do in his quest for dignitas, gloria, and honores. Rather, after the last long eighty years of contortion, no restraint pattern operated clearly enough to render either man ashamed, and no judge existed with the definitive moral standing to render either man victus consensu omnium. Instead, each man accused the other and his followers of being personally unrestrained and therefore personally utterly untrustworthy and inhuman. The values thus justified attack, disintegrated the judgment-group, and created deep mistrust that adherence to the regular republican system of elections and office distribution could produce anything but “tyranny.” No peaceful deference, consensus, or any normal institutional solution could resolve the irrational, emotional, fratricidal chaos that the restraint-based habitus propelled. The violence that followed at last snuffed out the republican system.
The Shape of Virtue
Authors: Woodruff Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses the problems that arise from taking virtue to be an ideal. How can such an approach be practical? In the spirit of Socrates, we need to say that we can seek to exercise virtue at a human level, using human wisdom. To do this we need to maintain the Socratic activity of self-questioning. We cannot rely on having reached a safe level of virtue, as human character is subject to tragic failures. Our lives are subject to the luck of factors outside our control that may give us a bad start, factors such as bad parenting. But the Socratic task of living toward virtue starts where luck leaves off. Socratic ethics does not ask us to look back to give ourselves (or others) praise or blame, but forward to seek education and improvement from whatever starting point luck has given us.