bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in spin properties of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots from materials to applications
Authors: Hung Yuan Chih , Wu Jia-Ren , Periasamy Arun Prakash , Aoki Nobuyuki , Chuang Chiashain 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over the past decade, graphene quantum dots have gained an inexhaustible deal of attention due to their unique zero-dimensional and quantum confinement properties, which boosted their wide research implication and reliable applications. As one of the promising zero-dimensional member and rising star of the carbon family, plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots have attracted significant attention from scholars working in different research fields. Owing to its novel photophysical properties including high photo-stability, plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots have been increasingly utilized in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. Their superior biocompatibility finds their use in biotechnology applications, while their fascinating spin and magnetic properties have maximized their utilization in spin-manipulation devices. In order to promote the applications of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots in different fields, several studies over the past decade have successfully utilized plant leaf as sustainable precursor and synthesized graphene quantum dots with various sizes using different chemical and physical methods. In this review, we summarize the Neem and Fenugreek leaves based methods of synthesis of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots, discussing their surface characteristics and photophysical. We highlight the size and wavelength dependent photoluminescence properties of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots towards their applications in optoelectronic devices such as white light-emitting diodes and photodetectors, as well as biotechnology applications such as in vivo imaging of apoptotic cells and spin related devices as magnetic storage medium. Finally, we particularly discuss possible ways of fine tuning the spin properties of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dot clusters by incorporation with&#xD;superconducting quantum interference device, followed by utilization of atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy measurements for the construction of future spin-based magnetic storage media and spin manipulation quantum devices so as to provide an outlook on the future spin applications of plant leaf-derived graphene quantum dots.
An alternative approach to the discrete Shnirelman’s inequality
Authors: Zizza Martina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we examine the discrete Shnirelman’s inequality (Shnirelman 1985 Math. USSR Sb.
56 82–109), which relates the L
2-distance of two discrete configurations of a fluid to the

L
t
1

L
x
2

-norm of the vector field connecting them. Our proof is inspired by (Shnirelman 1985 Math. USSR Sb.
56 82–109), where it was obtained

α
=

1
64

in dimension ν = 2, while here we get

α
⩾

2
7

. Moreover, this bound can be taken

α
⩾

1

ν
+
1

for any dimension

ν
⩾
3

. This is the best bound achieved in a purely discrete context, and connections to the continuous Shnirelman’s inequality are discussed. Our method uses an alternative approach based on volume estimates of permutations, which count the number of maximum cubes that are moved by a permutation P.
Evaluation of motion mitigation strategies for carbon ion therapy of abdominal tumors based on non-periodic imaging data
Authors: Steinsberger Timo , Nakas Anestis , Vai Alessandro , Molinelli Silvia , Donetti Marco , Pullia Marco , Martire Maria Chiara , Galeone Cosimo , Ciocca Mario , Pella Andrea , Vitolo Viviana , Barcellini Amelia , Orlandi Ester , Imparato Sara , Volz Lennart , Baroni Guido , Paganelli Chiara , Durante Marco , Graeff Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective: To identify suitable combination strategies for treatment planning and beam delivery in scanned carbon ion therapy of moving tumors.&#xD;Approach: Carbon ion treatment plans for five abdominal tumors were optimized on 4DCT data using the following approaches: 4DITV across all phases and within a gating window, single phase uniform dose (SPUD), and an innovative 4D tracking ITV strategy. Delivered single-fraction doses were calculated on time-resolved virtual CT images reconstructed from 2D cine-MRI series, using a Deformable Image Registration pipeline. Treatment plans were combined with various beam delivery techniques: 3D (no motion mitigation), rescanning, gating, beam tracking, and multi-phase 4D delivery with and without residual tracking (MP4D and MP4DRT) to form in total 11 treatment modalities. Single fraction doses were accumulated to simulate a fractionated treatment. &#xD;Main results: Breath-sampled treatments using the MP4D and MP4DRT delivery techniques were the only to achieve D95 > 95 % for hypofractionated treatments, with little dependence on the number of fractions. A combination of MP4DRT with the new 4D tracking ITV approach resulting in conformal dose distributions and demonstrated the greatest robustness against irregular motion and anatomical changes. &#xD;Significance: This study demonstrates, that real-time adaptive beam delivery strategies can deliver conformal doses within single fractions, thereby enabling hypofractionated treatment schemes that are not feasible with conventional strategies.
Surface modifications on unirradiated and ion-irradiated tungsten after exposed to deuterium plasma at LHD divertor-leg position
Authors: Zhao Mingzhong , Masuzaki Suguru , Tokitani Masayuki , Yajima Miyuki , Kobayashi Makoto , Yabuuchi Kiyohiro , Oya Yasuhisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to clarify the divertor plasma-induced tungsten (W) surface modifications as well as the irradiation defects effect, two kinds of ITER grade W were exposed to the large helical device (LHD) deuterium (D) plasma at the divertor-leg position. One was the iron (Fe) ion irradiated W to produce irradiation defects, and the other was the unirradiated W. The distributions of divertor plasma-induced surface modifications on these two kinds of W were clarified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A co-deposition layer which was mainly made up of carbon (C) and Fe was formed at the private flux region (>21 mm). No significant surface change was observed at the strike point region (14 – 16 mm). The oxygen-enriched amorphous W structures (OEAWs) caused by plasma surface interactions were observed at the 2- 14 mm (scrape-off layer region (SOL) region) and 20 mm. A the 2-14 mm and 20 mm, the OEAWs density on the pre-irradiated W sample is lower than that on the unirradiated W sample. On the other hand, the OEAWs size on the pre-irradiated W sample is larger than that on the unirradiated W sample at the 8 – 12 mm and 20 mm. While, the OEAWs size on the pre-irradiated W sample is smaller than that on the unirradiated W sample at the 2 – 6 mm. This study implies the possibility of forming OEAWs on the surface of W divertor. And the irradiation defects affect the density and size of OEAWs.&#xD;
Research on automatic welding process of mid-diameter pipeline construction
Authors: Wang Changjiang , Chen Jiaming , Sha Shengyi , Zhang Yi , Ma Zhifeng , Wang Xinsheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Automatic pipeline welding technology is the preferred technology of the current long-distance oil and gas pipeline welding construction. Pipe root welding technology includes internal root welding and external root welding. The root welding methods in the construction of small and medium-diameter pipelines are mostly manual and semi-automatic root welding, with low welding efficiency. This paper introduces an automatic tungsten argon arc 360° circumferential root welding and flux cored wire upward filling and capping automatic welding process for Φ457 mm×6.4 mm steel pipe as an example, and tests and analyzes the welded joints according to the standard. The test results show that the appearance of the welded joints, non-destructive testing results, and mechanical properties test results are qualified. The process can reduce labor intensity and improve welding efficiency while ensuring the welding quality, which has popularization and application value in the mid-diameter pipeline welding construction.
Structural design and analysis of underwater survival capsule for pumped-storage power station
Authors: Nie Gang , Wang Yifeng , Gao Song , Fu Chenfeng , Yang Yanping , Ma Qichang , Wu Weixiang , Li Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pumped-storage, as a leading large-scale energy storage technology, has been widely adopted in power systems. The underground powerhouse area of such stations may experience flooding incidents due to equipment failures and geographic factors, leading to significant casualties and property losses. The survival capsule serves as a reliable escape facility, showing excellent performance in coal mine rescue operations. This paper presents a design for an underwater survival capsule system aimed at addressing flooding incidents in hydropower stations. The design ensures the capsule’s structural integrity with reliable waterproof and pressure-resistant properties, also providing a stable and comfortable internal environment for those evacuees.
Design and analysis of anchor installation device based on CREO and ANSYS
Authors: Yin Yuxing , Xiao Jiacheng , Zhang Yanzun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to improve the construction efficiency of the bolt support process, after the full mechanical operation is changed to semi-mechanized operation, the phenomenon of loose anchor and non-anchor appears, and the grouting function is still completed by manpower or the next grouting part of the bolt trolley, which leads to complicated construction procedures, poor environment, low application rate of bolt trolley and so on. Therefore, according to the engineering needs, the bolt installation device is designed based on CREO, and the transient dynamic analysis of the bevel gear pair, which is the core part of the device, is carried out by using ANSYS software. The results show that the design meets the strength and construction requirements. The device integrates the functions of inserting anchor, locking anchor and grouting. It adopts a double drive motor and can realize the continuity of the working procedure of “installing bolt-grouting” or “grouting-installing bolt”. It has the advantages of an ingenious structure, convenient maintenance, high interchangeability of parts, higher functional integration, and reduced self-weight of the bolt head. The reliability and safety of bolt support are greatly improved, and the efficiency of bolt support and the utilization rate of the trolley are also improved, which can provide a design reference for the optimization of bolt heads.
Optimization of the powertrain rubber suspension structure
Authors: Dai Jianhui , Song Chongzhi , Wang Longyu , Zeng Zhaosheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In light of the necessity for precise parameter value determination in order to meet stiffness requirements at the initial design stage of the powertrain rubber suspension main spring parameters, this paper proposes the utilisation of an orthogonal experimental analysis in conjunction with a finite element method Taguchi test, employing the Minitab software, in order to achieve comprehensive analysis. It is necessary to consider the width (W), length (L), the angle of two adjacent rubber blocks (Ɵ), the distance from the upper surface of the inner ring (D), and the diameter reduction (r) of the outer ring of the rubber main spring during the vulcanization of the outer ring. ABAQUS was employed to calculate the suspension stiffness, with a particular focus on the V-direction stiffness within the suspension local coordinate system. In order to achieve a closer alignment with the target stiffness value, the genetic algorithm in Matlab was utilized to optimize Pareto on the basis of the orthogonal test data. This ultimately led to the identification of the optimal combination of suspension parameters that satisfied the requisite stiffness value, thereby facilitating the early development of the suspension and reducing the overall time required for this phase of the project.
Research on high-speed milling of high-strength steel
Authors: Luo Zhiwen , Huang Kui , Yuan Guifang , Liang Binyan , He Chao , Liu Hongwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
PCrNi3MoVA is a prevalently employed high-strength steel, primarily utilized in aerospace, the national defense industry, the nuclear industry, medicine, and other domains. This study mainly probed into the milling forces and surface roughness of PCrNi3MoVA steel when it was milled at high speed with a 10 mm solid carbide end mill on the side and made a comparison by end milling. The primary factors influencing surface roughness and milling forces in both milling approaches were determined, and a prediction model for cutting forces was obtained.
Failure analysis of cracking of 316L stainless steel corrugated compensator
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Cheng Lei , Xin Yanchao , Du Chenyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
the corrugated compensator is a kind of compensation element. In this paper, the cracking problem of a 316L corrugated compensator located under the compressor outlet is analyzed, and the reasons for the failure are found in macro-inspection, chemical composition analysis, metallographic analysis, and energy spectrum analysis. The results of the study indicated that the material of the corrugated compensator did not comply with the manufacturing requirements, and chlorine was found in a corrosive medium. Combined with the dendritic characteristics of metallographic cracks, It is judged that this failure is because the content of Ni element is lower than the standard requirements, which results in a decrease in the material’s resistance to pitting and to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking, which leads to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking of the corrugated compensator and finally leads to leakage failure. At the same time, given the repeated occurrence of similar faults, some reasonable suggestions are put forward.
Investigation of cracks in the feed pipe of reactor in the Coal-to-Oil hydrogenation unit
Authors: Li Xufeng , Lu Shengzi , Deng Cong , Luo Weijian , Yang Ruizeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pressure pipelines, as special pressure-bearing equipment, are widely used in industries such as petroleum, petrochemicals, chemicals, and electricity. They often operate in environments characterized by high temperatures, high pressures, and corrosive media. Once accidents occur, they can have catastrophic consequences. This paper focuses on the analysis of cracks discovered during regular inspections of a feed pipeline in a hydrogenation unit. Macroscopically, there are approximately 12 cracks, with lengths ranging from 10 to 20 mm, propagating from the outer surface inward but not penetrating the pipe wall. Analytical results show that the material composition, hardness, mechanical properties, and metallographic structure all meet standard requirements, with no signs of material degradation. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the corrosion products at the crack tips, revealing a high content of chlorine elements. It is inferred that the cracks on the parent material of the pipe are due to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking, where the cracks initiate from pits on the external surface of the pipeline and propagate inward and axially under the stress corrosion induced by chlorides. Finally, the paper proposes corresponding suggestions for subsequent management, emphasizing the need to control the surface quality of pipelines to avoid deep pits and to inspect and repair the pipeline’s insulation aluminum jacket to prevent rainwater infiltration.
Failure analysis of oil-conveying pipe elbow leakage for marine oil loading arm
Authors: Si Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The marine oil loading arm, as a special type of transportation equipment, is an efficient and safe oil terminal loading and unloading device. Due to the accumulation of internal impurities in the transportation medium and the influence of coastal moisture and salt spray, oil-conveying pipes are corroded easily. Once corrosion leakage occurs, it can easily cause casualties or environmental pollution. A leakage occurred at the inlet elbow of a marine oil loading arm at a certain oil tanker terminal. Through chemical composition analysis, mechanical analysis, metallographic analysis, and energy spectrum analysis of the elbow, it is shown that the failure of the elbow is caused by oxygen corrosion.
Vehicle aerodynamics characteristics of 35°Ahmed body model in crosswind conditions
Authors: Sun Jiashun , Zhang Lei , He Yunli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle body in the different crosswinds, the simulation model is employed based on the STAR CCM+CFD, and the unsteady numerical calculations of the flow field around the high-speed vehicle are performed. To comprehensively study the changing behavior of vehicle aerodynamic force under various crosswinds, including in-step, sinusoidal, triangular, and exponential wind, the aerodynamic characteristics of the 35° Ahmed vehicle body model are analyzed. The research results indicate that the crosswind of the step wind has the most significant interference with the vehicle, while the exponential crosswind exerts the weakest effect. The wind patterns do not significantly affect the drag and lift coefficients, but the trend of the lateral force coefficients closely aligns with the lateral wind speed.
The Influence of the surface hardness on the atomization performance of ultrasonic atomizer
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wu Fuhai , Chen Bochuan , Chen Guanxian , Deng Shaozheng , Gui Zhenzhen , Zhang Jianhui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the actual production of ultrasonic atomization, to cater to the consumers’ preference for the appearance of the products, the surface of the ultrasonic atomizer needs to be treated with different machining processes, which tend to affect the surface hardness of the atomizer, and affect the atomization performance of the atomizer. Therefore, the beauty of the appearance and the reduction of atomization performance has become a contradiction in the current industrial production of atomizers. In this study, it is theoretically proved that the hardness is inversely proportional to the atomization rate. Two machining processes are selected among the five common processing techniques for the experiment: (1) mirror polishing treatment of the atomizer, and (2) mirror polishing-sandblasting-plasma spraying treatment of the atomizer. To evaluate various aspects of the atomizer’s performance, several experiments were conducted, focusing on the hardness of the atomizer’s surface, its vibration displacement and the atomization performance. The results indicate that there is an inverse relationship between the atomization rate and the surface hardness, while the atomization rate is directly proportional to the peak vibration displacement. These findings align with the theoretical predictions. Following the process (2) treatment, the atomizer’s surface developed a frosted texture. As a result, its hardness increased by approximately 13.6%, the peak vibration displacement decreased by around 23.46%, and the atomization rate dropped by about 30.59% compared to the untreated atomizer. After the treatment of process (1), the surface of the atomizer had a mirror texture, where the hardness decreased by around 26.8%, the peak vibration displacement increased by approximately 64.2%, and the atomization rate increased by approximately 110.81%, compared with the untreated atomizer. The hardness influences the atomization rate by affecting the vibration displacement of the ultrasonic atomizer.
Dynamic characteristics analysis of a four-degree-of-freedom motion platform
Authors: Lu Jinjin , Jing Manjun , Fan Zhuo , Mao Hongyong , Yi Xiaojun , Fang Zhen , Liu Qian , Xiao Xin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Taking a four-degree-of-freedom motion platform as the research object, this paper establishes the ADAMS model of the main structure of the motion platform and the AMESim model of the driving mechanism of a ball screw pair. At the same time, through the co-simulation analysis, the influence of contact stiffness, contact damping, transmission clearance, and transmission friction in the ball screw pair on the dynamic performance of the system is discussed. The simulation results show that there is no coupling relationship between the driving cylinders of horizontal, longitudinal, and vertical motion in the four degrees of freedom attitude of a motion platform. In the pitch motion, there is a coupling relationship between the longitudinal cylinder and the vertical cylinder. The pitching motion of a motion platform and the motion of each electric cylinder can follow the preset motion curve well. The angle error of pitch is not more than 0.09°, and the angular velocity error of pitch is not more than 0.15°/s. The horizontal movement of the pitch axis is not more than 0.07 mm, the longitudinal movement of the pitch axis is not more than 0.19 mm, and the vertical movement of the pitch axis is not more than 0.18 mm. The existence of contact stiffness, contact damping, transmission clearance, and transmission friction of the ball screw pair makes the system oscillation not conducive to rapid stability.
The study of the influence of load amplitude on the fatigue behavior of Al 7075-T6 double-lap bolted joints
Authors: Li Ben , Zhang Mingyuan , Huang Yuanzhe , Li Yingjun , Cui Yuheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To investigate the influence of varying load amplitudes on the fatigue behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy bolted joints, a series of fatigue tests and finite element analyses were conducted across a broad load range of 8 kN to 20 kN, with a constant tightening torque set at 10 N·m. The experimental results indicated no significant wear or fatigue damage was observed in the bolted joints under low load amplitudes. However, as the load amplitude increased, wear was exacerbated at the bolt joint, leading to a transition in failure mode from fretting fatigue to ordinary fatigue. Finite element analysis results revealed that stress amplitude and slip amplitude within the bolt joint increased with rising load amplitudes. Furthermore, the location of maximum stress shifted from the periphery of the hole towards its edge. This shift elucidated why failure modes in bolt joints transition from fretting fatigue to ordinary fatigue as loading conditions change.
Numerical simulation analysis of sandwich structure based on shock wave of shock tube explosion
Authors: Yang Yi , Lin Guowen , Yang Chunhao , Ren Jie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The polyurethane-aluminum sandwich structure has good energy absorption characteristics. The dynamic response and impact resistance of this sandwich structure subject to the explosive action of shock wave load is investigated based on the principle of reflection superposition of explosives explosion on the complex boundary. The LS-DYNA software is utilized to compute the pressure distribution within the flow field created by the wall reflection of a 40 g TNT explosion in the shock tube. We obtain the dynamic response by taking the computed pressure at the mouth of the tube as the loading load of the polyurethane sandwich structure. Following the same simulation method, it is predicted how polyurethane sandwich panels of different thicknesses would respond dynamically under the shock wave loading of a 40 g TNT explosion in the shock tube. It is shown that the explosion of 40 g TNT in a shock tube with a cross-section radius of 101.55 mm produces an overpressure curve at the mouth of the tube with a peak value of 1.8 MPa. In the case of a surge tube, when the thickness of the panel (back plate) is increased by 3 mm, the impact of the shock wave load created by the explosion of 40 g TNT reduces the displacement of the sandwich structure’s back plate by 70% and dramatically reduces the plastic deformation.