bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence in Homicide Rates Across the European Union Countries: Toward an Effective and Genuine Security Union
Authors: Adıyaman Ezgi , Kasman Saadet 
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates whether homicide rates among the European Union (EU) member countries tend to converge over the period 1990 to 2018. We use the concept of β-convergence proposed by Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1992) and employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM, hereafter) methodology for 2-years span panel data of 26 EU member countries. The results provide strong evidence for both absolute and conditional convergence of homicide rates across EU countries. Moreover, speed of homicide convergence is increased by the control variables, namely GDP per capita and unemployment rate. Hence, we conclude that the economic integration contributes to the process of convergence in homicide rates in the EU.JEL classification: O47; C23; K42
Efficacy of Larynx Preservation Surgery and Multimodal Adjuvant Therapy for Hypopharyngeal Cancer: A Case Series Study
Authors: Li Wan-Xin , Dong Yan-Bo , Lu Cheng , Bradley Patrick J. , Liu Liang-Fa 
Published: May 2022

Background: Larynx preservation surgery (LPS) combined with multimodal adjuvant therapy (MAT) is re-emerging as treatment option for hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). This study aims to explore the survival and functional outcome of this combined approach. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Selected patients with primary HPC treated by LPS and MAT at two large Beijing medical centers between 2005 and 2019 were included. In addition to LPS, patients received one or more of the following treatments: preoperative induction chemotherapy, postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy. Results: In total, 64 patients were included (62 were men, and median age was 57.5 years). The disease in most patients was in stage III (28.1%) or IV (56.3%), or in stage T2 (34.4%) or T3 (45.3%), based on the TNM scale. Across all patients, the rate of overall survival (OS) was 60.7% at 3 yr and 47.3% at 5 yr. OS was significantly higher for patients with stage I or II disease than for those with stage III or IV disease (HR 8.64, 95% CI 3.69–20.2, log-rank P = .010). Decannulation was successful in 55 patients (85.9%), and swallowing function was satisfactory (stage 0–III, on Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale) for 50 (78.1%). Median Voice Handicap Index-10 score on voice performance was 19 (range 4–40), and median Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General Questionnaire score for QoL was 75 (range 16–105). Conclusions: LPS and MAT can provide satisfactory oncologic control and good functional outcomes for selected patients with HPC, especially those with stage I or II disease.
Zones of Nonbeing: Abjection, White Accumulation, and Neoliberal School Reform
Authors: Lawrence Henry Kevin 
Published: May 2022

Background/Context: Jean Anyon’s work provides a powerful intervention in the study of education with her attention to political economy and the social contexts of education. Mainstream neoliberal charter reform arguments often counter Anyon’s work by suggesting a “no excuse” ideology, which often ignores structural realities facing youth. Over the decades, charter schools have garnered bipartisan interest and expanded significantly. Following Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans was one such site where the expansion and experimentation with charter schools has taken place. Utilizing the restructuring of New Orleans after Katrina as a site for examination, this article builds from a larger yearlong qualitative critical race case study on the reproduction of White dominance via the charter school authorization and application process. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: Utilizing the educational restructuring of New Orleans post-Katrina, this article aims to illustrate the interconnectedness of political economy and race. Extending Anyon’s analysis of political economy, the article focuses on the neoliberal restructuring of New Orleans education after Hurricane Katrina to illustrate how the notions of abjection and zones of nonbeing form a guiding constellation for the accumulation and solidification of White power and capital. Research Design/Data Collection and Analysis: This article builds off a larger yearlong qualitative critical race case study on the reproduction of White racial educational dominance in post-Katrina New Orleans. Interviews and student artifacts are the central data. Conclusion/Recommendations: The author recommends the grounding of youth voice in educational policy analysis, conceptualization, and implementation; the consideration of how race impacts education; and continued research on the inter-imbrication of race and political economy.
The effect of whole body vibration on sensorimotor deficits in people with chronic ankle instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Jingwang , Wu Xueping , Clark Cain C. T. , Barton Victoria , Chen Sitong , Liu Shijie , Zhou Xuan , Xu Chunxin , Ma Tao , Qi Bote , Han Jia , Zou Yu 
Published: May 2022

Objective To investigate the effects of whole body vibration on chronic ankle instability-associated sensorimotor deficits in balance, strength, joint position sense and muscle activity. Data sources Electronic databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang were searched from database inception up to 31 March 2022. Methods The risk of bias and methodological quality of included studies were assessed using the Cochrane tool and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale respectively. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the RevMan 5.3 software. Meta-regression was conducted with Stata 16. Results Eight studies, with 315 subjects were eventually included in this review with an average PEDro score of 6.1/10. Significant effects of whole body vibration on balance (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.09, P = 0.01), and on the posterolateral direction (MD = 5.52, 95% CI: 1.02 to 10.01, P = 0.02) and medial direction (MD = 3.90, 95% CI: 0.87 to 6.94, P = 0.01) of the star excursion balance test were found. Whole body vibration significantly improved the peak torque (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.69, P = 0.03), joint position sense (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.10 to 1.11, P = 0.02), and muscle activity in tibialis anterior (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.88, P = 0.03) and gastrocnemius (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.14 to 1.23, P = 0.01). Conclusions The current evidence supports the use of whole body vibration to improve sensorimotor deficits involving balance, strength, joint position sense, and muscle activity in people with chronic ankle instability.
Interventions to Reduce Opioid Use in Youth At-Risk and in Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nairn Stephanie A. , Audet Marion , Stewart Sherry H. , Hawke Lisa D. , Isaacs Jason Y. , Henderson Joanna , Saah Rebecca , Knight Rod , Fast Danya , Khan Faria , Lam Alice , Conrod Patricia 
Published: May 2022

Background Youth and young adults have been significantly impacted by the opioid overdose and health crisis in North America. There is evidence of increasing morbidity and mortality due to opioids among those aged 15–29. Our review of key international reports indicates there are few youth-focused interventions and treatments for opioid use. Our scoping review sought to identify, characterize, and qualitatively evaluate the youth-specific clinical and pre-clinical interventions for opioid use among youth. Method We searched MedLine and PsycInfo for articles that were published between 2013 and 2021. Previous reports published in 2015 and 2016 did not identify opioid-specific interventions for youth and we thus focused on the time period following the periods covered by these prior reports. We input three groups of relevant keywords in the aforementioned search engines. Specifically, articles were included if they targeted a youth population (ages 15–25), studied an intervention, and measured impacts on opioid use. Results We identified 21 studies that examined the impacts of heterogeneous interventions on youth opioid consumption. The studies were classified inductively as psycho-social-educational, pharmacological, or combined pharmacological-psycho-social-educational. Most studies focused on treatment of opioid use disorder among youth, with few studies focused on early or experimental stages of opioid use. A larger proportion of studies focused heavily on male participants (i.e., male gender and/or sex). Very few studies involved and/or included youth in treatment/program development, with one study premised on previous research about sexual minority youth. Conclusions Research on treatments and interventions for youth using or at-risk of opioids appears to be sparse. More youth involvement in research and program development is vital. The intersectional and multi-factorial nature of youth opioid use and the youth opioid crisis necessitates the development and evaluation of novel treatments that address youth-specific contexts and needs (i.e., those that address socio-economic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental factors that promote opioid use among youth).
Functional Limitations and Access to Long-Term Services and Supports Among Sexual Minority Older Adults
Authors: Travers Jasmine L. , Shippee Tetyana P. , Flatt Jason D. , Caceres Billy A. 
Published: May 2022

Objective: Little is known about sexual minority (SM) older adults’ activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitations and their subsequent access to long-term services and supports (LTSS). Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study limited to individuals ≥50 years old. Bivariate analyses were performed to examine 1) sexual identity differences in the prevalence of ADL/IADL limitations and 2) associations of sexual identity with having ADL/IADL limitations and having access to help with ADL/IADL limitations. Results: Our sample consisted of 3833 older adults, 6% ( n = 213) were SM. Compared to heterosexual participants, bisexual older adults had greater reports of ADL/IADL limitations (20.9% vs. 35.9%, p = 0.013). Among those who reported having ADL/IADL limitations ( n = 803), there were no sexual identity differences in accessing help for ADL/IADL limitations ( p = .901). Discussion: Our findings contribute to the limited research on LTSS access among SM older adults.
“I Pulled Them Apart and Told Them to Stop”: A Mixed-Methods Examination of Bystander Behavior, Preparedness, and Emotional Reaction
Authors: Casper Deborah M. , Witte Tricia , Gibson Emily , McCulley Emily 
Published: May 2022

The goals of this mixed-methods study were to examine self-reported behavior of bystanders who intervened in specific situations of potential sexual violence and physical dating violence, to explore their sense of preparedness to intervene, and to assess bystanders’ emotional reactions to their self-reported action or inaction when witnessing potential sexual and dating violence. The participants ( n = 553, 65.2% female, 76% freshmen, M age = 18.7 years), responded to a sequence of questions pertaining to witnessing and intervening in specific potentially dangerous situations, emotional reactions to their action or inaction, and preparedness. Bystander participants also provided narrative responses describing their behavior. We used joint display analyses to integrate, analyze, and interpret the qualitative and quantitative data. Of the 553 participants, 38% witnessed “a man talking to a woman and she looked uncomfortable,” 27% witnessed “someone taking an intoxicated person up to their room,” and 39% witnessed “someone grabbing or pushing their boyfriend or girlfriend”; of those who witnessed, the percentage of those who intervened was 42%, 25%, and 19%, respectively. Bystander behavior involved one of 5Ds: distract, direct, delegate, distance, diffuse, or a combination. Although most bystanders did not get involved, most (94.6%) reported that they felt prepared to intervene. For those who intervened, most reported feeling positive about their action; however, most who did not intervene reported feeling negative about their inaction. Implications for college bystanders and bystander education programs are discussed.
Synthesis, characterization, magnetoelectric properties and gas sensing application of Poly(anthranilic acid-co-indole)/ magnetite nanocomposites
Authors: Jayakrishnan P , Jithin KK , Meera K , Ramesan Manammel T 
Published: May 2022

The increased demand for the discovery of new conducting materials encourages the researchers for the development of advanced electronic technologies. In the present study, nanocomposites of poly (anthranilic acid- co-indole)/(PANA- C o-PIN) and magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared via a one-step polymerization method and evaluated by various analytical techniques. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra proved the presence of Fe3O4 nanofillers in the copolymer at 507 cm−1. Optical characterization (UV-Vis) shows a clear blueshift indicating strong interactions between Fe3O4 and PANA- C o-PIN. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed an increase in crystallinity due to the well dispersed nanoparticles. FESEM images evidenced the morphological changes caused by the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the copolymer matrix. The nano-dispersion of magnetite nanoparticles in the copolymer was confirmed by High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis. Magnetic properties of nanocomposites obtained from a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) showed an increase in the saturation of magnetism with the addition of nanoparticles and the composite exhibited superparamagnetic behaviour. The thermal stability and glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites were greatly enhanced with the addition of nanoparticles and were determined with the help of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) respectively. Filler-dependent electrical properties showed a linearly increased DC conductivity with the addition of nanoparticles. The impedance analysis showed that the AC conductivity and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites were higher than the copolymer and the maximum electrical properties were observed for 15 wt.% of composites. The ammonia gas sensing performance of copolymer composite indicates the easy access of gas molecules to the sensor surface through the metal oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized copolymer nanocomposites showed high sensitivity and fast response to ammonia gas. The prepared composite with good thermal properties, dielectric constant, ammonia gas sensing and magnetoelectric properties is a promising candidate for use in nanoelectronics devices.
Tezepelumab in the Treatment of Uncontrolled Severe Asthma
Authors: Feist Jacqueline , Lipari Melissa , Kale-Pradhan Pramodini 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of subcutaneous tezepelumab in the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma. Data Sources: The PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following terms: tezepelumab, Tezspire, AMG157, and MEDI9929. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles published in English between January 2000 and March 2022 related to pharmacology, safety, and clinical trials were assessed. Data Synthesis: In a phase 2 trial, tezepelumab at low, medium, and high doses reduced the annualized asthma exacerbation rate by 62%, 71%, and 66%, respectively, when compared with placebo ( P < 0.001). In addition to significant reduction of asthma exacerbation rate in the overall treatment population, a phase 3 trial showed significant reduction of asthma exacerbation across all subgroups analyzed regardless of serum eosinophil count (EOS), fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level, or allergic status as determined by IgE sensitivity. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Tezepelumab is indicated to treat nonallergic and noneosinophilic severe uncontrolled asthma phenotypes in addition to type 2 inflammatory asthma. When selecting the most appropriate biologic agent, consider the risks, benefits, and costs. There is a paucity of data on the efficacy of tezepelumab in patients with comorbid conditions. In the case of a patient presenting with uncontrolled severe asthma with such comorbid conditions, it may be prudent to consider a biologic therapy that can target both. Conclusion: Tezepelumab has shown clinical utility in severe uncontrolled asthma regardless of phenotype, fulfilling the need for treatment options in individuals with severe, uncontrolled, noneosinophilic, and nonallergic asthma.
Functional Outcomes of Autologous Matrix-Related Chondrogenesis to Treat Large Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Yontar Necip Selçuk , Aslan Lercan , Öğüt Tahir 
Published: May 2022

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) treatment is widely debated when the lesion size exceeds 150 mm2. The aim of this study was to assess functional outcome and satisfaction rates of the autologous matrix-related chondrogenesis (AMIC) technique and compare the outcomes for OLTs larger than 150 mm2 that were classified as primary, primary with local tumor-related OLT, or revision cases. Methods: A total of 77 patients who were operated by AMIC were included. The average age of the population was 39.6 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.2. Smoker rate was 28.5% of the population. Forty-two patients were primary cases, 14 patients had primary with local tumor-related OLT, and 18 patients were revision cases. Overall and subgroup functional outcomes were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) and Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) scores. Satisfaction rates were queried, and failures were recorded. Results: After a median follow-up of 32 months, the score improvement for primary, primary with local tumor-related, and revision group were for VAS, 5.4 ± 0.4, 5.6 ± 0.7, and 3.6 ± 0.8, and for FADI, 46.5 ± 3.8, 45.3 ±6.5, and 26.6 ± 6.7, respectively ( P < .001). Intergroup comparison showed greater improvement for the primary OLT group when compared to the revision group ( P < .001). The failure rates for the primary, primary with local tumor-related, and revision group were 4.8%, 11.8%, and 38.9%, respectively. Conclusion: AMIC procedure provides good functional outcome and satisfactory rates in patients with primary and primary with local tumor-related OLT larger than 150 mm2, but in revision cases, the AMIC success rate was not encouraging as all had advanced OLT operative interventions. Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic retrospective study.
Multiple socioeconomic circumstances and trajectories of fruit and vegetable consumption: the Helsinki Health Study
Authors: Mauramo Elina , Salmela Jatta , Bogl Leonie H. , Lallukka Tea , Kanerva Noora 
Published: May 2022

Aims: Fruit and vegetable consumption is essential in disease prevention. Socioeconomic differences in consumption have been observed but evidence from longitudinal studies incorporating multiple socioeconomic indicators is lacking. We examined long-term fruit and vegetable consumption trajectories and multiple socioeconomic circumstances as their determinants. Methods: We used survey data from the Helsinki Health Study (phase 1 in 2000–2002, N=8960, response rate 67%; phases 2–4 in 2007, 2012 and 2017) among initially 40- to 60-year-old employees of City of Helsinki, Finland. Fruit and vegetable consumption was measured by a food frequency questionnaire and consumption times per month were calculated. Childhood (parental education, economic difficulties), conventional (own education, occupational class, household income) and material (housing tenure, wealth, current economic difficulties) socioeconomic circumstances were included. We used group-based trajectory modelling for identifying fruit and vegetable consumption trajectories and multinomial logistic regression for examining associations between socioeconomic circumstances and the trajectories. Results: Four fruit and vegetable consumption trajectories were identified: increasing higher (12%), decreasing higher (10%), stable moderate (43%) and stable low (35% of participants). Childhood, conventional and material socioeconomic circumstances were all associated with the trajectories: belonging to a lower socioeconomic group was associated with belonging to the stable low and moderate trajectories. In multivariate models, the strongest associations were found for occupational class and household wealth. Conclusions: Disadvantageous childhood and adulthood socioeconomic circumstances were associated with lower long-term fruit and vegetable consumption. Socioeconomic circumstances should be considered in attempts to promote fruit and vegetable consumption, and people with disadvantageous circumstances need to be targeted in future interventions.
Mesoporous silica/epoxy coated cotton fabric for durable oil-water separation
Authors: Gopalsamy Selvakumar , Govindharajan Thilagavathi 
Published: May 2022

A simple, durable, superior UV-shielded, self-cleanable, hydrophobic/superoleophile cotton fabric was developed using SBA-15 mesoporous silica and epoxy coating (SE). The cotton fabric surfaces after coating with SE showed the highest water contact angle value of 146° and lowest surface free energy of 13.9 mN/m. As a filtration membrane, the developed SE/cotton delivered 95.8% oil–water separation efficiency with a notable flux value of 6800 L/m2h against diesel–water mixture. The presence of an epoxy and silica hybrid layer on the surfaces of cotton fabric induced self-cleaning behavior and notable durability against UV light (UPF-29), pH resistance, washing fastness, and mechanical abrasion. Hence, the present coating developed using mesoporous silica and epoxy can be applied to different types of textile substrates to construct durable low-cost membranes.
Do Self-Reported Psychopathic Traits Moderate the Relations Between Delinquent History Predictors and Recidivism Outcomes in Juvenile Delinquents?
Authors: Pechorro Pedro , DeLisi Matt , Marôco João , Simões Mário R. 
Published: May 2022

The present study investigates whether self-reported psychopathic traits moderate the relationships between delinquent career features (i.e., age of first detention in a juvenile detention center, crime frequency, crime diversity, crime charges, and Conduct Disorder) and 1-year general delinquency and violent delinquency recidivism outcomes. The sample was composed of male youth ( N = 214, M = 16.4 years, SD = 1.3 years) originating from the juvenile detention centers managed by the Ministry of Justice of Portugal. Results mostly suggest that neither the Antisocial Process Screening Device––Self-Report total score nor its Callous-Unemotional, Impulsivity, and Narcissism factor scores moderate the relationships between the delinquent career variables and general and violent delinquency recidivism outcomes. The notable exception was the interaction between crime frequency and callous-unemotional traits in predicting general recidivism. The current findings question the relevance of self-reported psychopathic traits as moderators of recidivism among juveniles despite the general association between psychopathy and conduct problems among youth.