bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisectoral actions of mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Mazandaran province of Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Livani Abdolkarim , Gohardehi Farzad , Azizi Marzieh , Hashemvarzi Mahmoud Reza , Taghavi Somayeh , Tonekaboni Sara , Golchobi Ramzanali , Zarghami Mehran , Aarabi Mohsen , Elyasi Forouzan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimA widespread outbreak of COVID‐19 is followed by adverse effects on the mental health of the general population. Therefore, this study is an audit to investigate the activities of various organizations during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Mazandaran Province, Iran.MethodsThe aim of the study was to collect the data, the relevant officials in various organizations and units were contacted to collect the statistics of actions taken in psychology and psychiatry wards. Moreover, databases such as Google Scholar and Iranian resources were searched.ResultsAccording to the results, different healthcare systems worked in parallel during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. For example, Mazandaran University of Medical Science [MAZUMS] Health Vice‐Chancellor performed the following activities during this crisis: establishing a virtual crisis management working group, holding a provincial educational committee to train the crisis management teams, organizing virtual psychological intervention teams in the healthcare systems, and so forth. In addition, the mental health activities by Mazandaran Welfare Organization during the COVID‐19 outbreak included providing hostelry free psychological counseling, quarantine boarding and rehabilitation centers, and providing harm prevention protocols of COVID‐19, especially for marginalized regions. In the third level of medical centers, including hospitals, consultation‐liaison psychiatry or psychiatrists and clinical psychologists, therapeutic interventions for comorbid psychiatric disorders with COVID‐19 disease, and online workshops for mental health were conducted to reduce burnout of medical staff and nurses.ConclusionThis study can provide a good guideline for different service providers by using the experiences of other centers to achieve better results.
Ferrostatin‐1 modulates dysregulated kidney lipids in acute kidney injury
Authors: Martín‐Saiz Lucía , Guerrero‐Mauvecin Juan , Martín‐Sanchez Diego , Fresnedo Olatz , Gómez Manuel J , Carrasco Susana , Cannata‐Ortiz Pablo , Ortiz Alberto , Fernandez José A , Sanz Ana B 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFerroptosis, a form of regulated necrosis characterized by peroxidation of lipids such as arachidonic acid‐containing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). We have characterized the kidney lipidome in an experimental nephrotoxic AKI induced in mice using folic acid and assessed the impact of the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin‐1. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used to assess kidney lipidomics and it discriminated between glomeruli, medulla, and cortex in control kidneys, AKI kidneys, and AKI + Ferrostatin‐1 kidneys. Out of 139 lipid species from 16 classes identified, 29 (20.5%) showed significant differences between control and AKI at 48 h. Total PE and lyso‐sulfatide species decreased, while phosphatidylinositol (PI) species increased in AKI. Dysregulated mRNA levels for Pemt, Pgs1, Cdipt, and Tamm41, relevant to lipid metabolism, were in line with the lipid changes observed. Ferrostatin‐1 prevented AKI and some AKI‐associated changes in lipid levels, such as the decrease in PE and lyso‐sulfatide species, without changing the gene expression of lipid metabolism enzymes. In conclusion, changes in the kidney lipid composition during nephrotoxic AKI are associated with differential gene expression of lipid metabolism enzymes and are partially prevented by Ferrostatin‐1. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the activation mechanism of mutations G12V and Q61L of Cdc42
Authors: Chen Shiyao , Shu Liang , Zhao Rong , Zhao Yaxue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42), which contributes to multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation and migration, is a potential target for cancer therapy, especially in the intervention of tumor migration. Cdc42's mutants G12V and Q61L are discovered constitutively active, and the overexpression of them exhibits oncogenic activities. Here, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and dynamic analysis, we illustrated the activation mechanism of Cdc42G12V and Cdc42Q61L. Without GAP, the two mutations differently elicited state transition from the wild‐type's open “inactive” state 1 to the closed “active” state 2, induced by the introduction of a newly formed water‐mediated T35‐γ‐phosphate hydrogen bond in G12V system and the additional hydrophobic interactions between L61 and T35 together with the direct T35‐γ‐phosphate hydrogen bond in Q61L system. When binding with GAP, both mutations weakened the hydrogen bond interactions between Cdc42‐GTP and GAP's finger loop, and disturbed the catalytically competent organizations of GAP's catalytic R305/R306 and Cdc42's Q61, thereby impairing the GAP‐mediated GTP hydrolysis. Our findings first reveal the activation mechanism of Cdc42's G12V and Q61L mutants on a molecular basis, which provide new insights into the structural and dynamical characteristics of Cdc42 and its mutants and can be exploited in the further development of novel therapies targeting Cdc42‐related cancers.
Antigen Capture and Immune Modulation by Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as In Situ Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy Post‐Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Li Yao , Zhang Kaiyue , Wu Yao , Yue Yale , Cheng Keman , Feng Qingqing , Ma Xiaotu , Liang Jie , Ma Nana , Liu Guangna , Nie Guangjun , Ren Lei , Zhao Xiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTumor antigens released from tumor cells after local photothermal therapy (PTT) can activate the tumor‐specific immune responses, which are critical for eliminating the residual lesions and distant metastases. However, the limited recognition efficiency of released tumor antigens by the immune system and the immunosuppressive microenvironment lead to ineffective antitumor immunity. Here, an in situ multifunctional vaccine based on bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs, 1‐MT@OMV‐Mal) is developed by surface conjunction of maleimide groups (Mal) and interior loading with inhibitor of indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO), 1‐methyl‐tryptophan (1‐MT). 1‐MT@OMV‐Mal can bind to the released tumor antigens after PTT, and be efficiently recognized and taken up by dendritic cells. Furthermore, in situ injection of 1‐MT@OMV‐Mal simultaneously overcomes the immune inhibition of IDO on tumor‐infiltrating effector T cells, leading to remarkable inhibition on both primary and distant tumors. Together, a promising in situ vaccine based on OMVs to facilitate immune‐mediated tumor clearance after PTT through orchestrating antigen capture and immune modulation is presented.
Boosting Fast Sodium Ion Storage by Synergistic Effect of Heterointerface Engineering and Nitrogen Doping Porous Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zeng Yaping , Ling Changsheng , Wang Liu , Wang Zhiyong , Fan Tian‐E , Wang Heng , Xiao Jianrong , Li Xinyu , Qu Baihua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeterointerface engineering with multiple electroactive and inactive supporting components is considered an efficient approach to enhance electrochemical performance for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to rationally design heterointerface engineering and understand the synergistic effect reaction mechanisms. In this paper, the two‐phase heterointerface engineering (Sb2S3 and FeS2) is well designed to incorporate into N‐doped porous hollow carbon nanofibers (Sb‐Fe‐S@CNFs) by proper electrospinning design. The obtained Sb‐Fe‐S@CNFs are used as anode in SIBs to evaluate the electrochemical performance. It delivers a reversible capacity of 396 mA h g–1 after 2000 cycles at 1 A g–1 and exhibits an ultra‐long high rate cycle life for 16 000 cycles at 10 A g–1. The admirable electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the following reasons: The porous carbon nanofibers serve as an accelerator of the electrons/ions and a buffer to alleviate volume expansion upon long cyclic performance. The abundant phase boundaries of Sb2S3/FeS2 exert low Na+ adsorption energy and greatly promote the charge transfer in the internal electric field calculated by first‐principle density functional theory. Therefore, the as‐prepared Sb‐Fe‐S@CNFs represents a promising candidate for an efficient anode electrode material in SIBs.
Resistant‐Type Starch in Sorghum Foods—Factors Involved and Health Implications
Authors: Taylor John R. N. , Duodu Kwaku G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSorghum grain has a higher content of resistant starch (RS) than other cereals and seems to be more slowly digestible. However, people consume foods where the grain has been processed by thermal and other treatments. This review addresses whether sorghum foods generally have unusually high levels of RS and slowly digestible starch (SDS), what intrinsic factors are responsible and how processing conditions affect RS and SDS, and the health‐related implications of sorghum food consumption. With non‐tannin type sorghums, if the endosperm structure is little disrupted during food processing, as with conventional wet cooking, then the food can exert positive health effects on glycemic response related to its high RS content. Thermally induced cross‐linking of the kafirin matrix proteins appears to be responsible for the low starch digestibility. However, when non‐tannin sorghum is processed using high‐shear technologies like extrusion cooking, the endosperm, and starch granule structure are disrupted, rendering the starch fully digestible. Regarding tannin‐type sorghums, the tannins have a strong inhibitory effect on starch digestibility, notably by binding with the starch, which can improve glycemic response and other health related parameters. Future research on RS in sorghum foods must focus on the mechanisms responsible and interactions between intrinsic‐ and processing‐related factors.
Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from seafood samples
Authors: Noroozi Neda , Momtaz Hassan , Tajbakhsh Elahe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnterococcus faecalis is considered an opportunistic foodborne pathogen. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence characters, and molecular typing of E. faecalis strains isolated from seafood samples.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy‐six seafood samples were collected. E. faecalis was isolated from samples using bacterial culture. Furthermore, the disk diffusion assessed their antimicrobial resistance. Also, the distribution of virulence factors was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used for their molecular typing.ResultsFifty‐six of 276 (20.2%) seafood samples were contaminated with E. faecalis. Fish harboured the highest contamination rate (30.0%). Isolates harboured the highest resistance rate towards oxacillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (100%), cefoxitin (89.2%), cefazolin (87.5%), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (85.7%), rifampin (69.6%), clindamycin (69.6%), and gentamicin (64.2%) antimicrobials. Efa (100%), ebpA (89.2%), ebpB (58.9%), ebpC (53.5%), and esp (51.7%) were the most commonly detected virulence factors among E. faecalis isolates. RAPD–PCR analysis showed 11 different molecular clusters considering the closeness of more than 80%.ConclusionSeafood samples were considered reservoirs of virulence and resistant E. faecalis strains. Different molecular clusters of isolates may reflect their diverse sources of contamination.
The disposition of trimethoprim and sulfadiazine in neonatal foals after intravenous administration
Authors: Ekstrand Carl , Nostell Katarina , Gehring Ronette , Bondesson Ulf , Bröjer Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSepticaemia in the neonatal foal is caused by both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The life‐threatening nature of this condition requires treatment to be initiated with broad spectrum antimicrobial drugs pending antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Potentiated sulphonamides, for example, trimethoprim combined with sulfadiazine, could be clinically relevant options but their pharmacokinetics in the neonatal foal are unknown.ObjectivesTo describe the plasma disposition of trimethoprim and sulfadiazine in neonatal foals and to relate the results to patterns in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Escherichia coli, a recognized pathogen in neonatal foal sepsis.MethodA total of five doses of trimethoprim (2.5 mg/kg) and sulfadiazine (12.5 mg/kg) were administered intravenously every 12 h to eight neonatal foals that were 3 days old at inclusion. A non‐linear mixed effects model was fitted to the trimethoprim and sulfadiazine experimental data. The 24 h area under the free plasma trimethoprim and sulfadiazine concentration‐time curves (fAUC) and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamik (PK/PD)‐index fAUC/MIC was calculated to evaluate the potential clinical benefits of the administered dose.ResultsFor trimethoprim, the typical values were 1.99 L/kg, 0.33 L/h·kg and 4.2 h for the apparent volume of distribution, clearance and terminal half‐life, respectively. The 24 h fAUC for trimethoprim was 11.3 μg·h/ml (7.2–15.2) and the fAUC/MIC ratio for E. coli was 23 (16.4–29.2) (population mean (range)). For sulfadiazine, the typical values were 0.61 L/kg, 0.09 L/h·kg and 5.3 h for the apparent volume of distribution, clearance and terminal half‐life, respectively. The 24 h fAUC for sulfadiazine was 246.8 μg·h/ml (175.6–335.4).ConclusionFor trimethoprim, the plasma exposure is insufficient in some foals to successfully treat bacterial infections with an MIC‐value of 0.5 μg/ml using the studied dosing regimen.
Clinical and diagnostic approach of male pseudo hermaphroditism with os‐clitoris in French bulldog: A case report
Authors: Hendawy Hanan , Yoshida Tomohiko , Ma Danfu , Takeuchi Aki , Ozai Yusuke , Hamabe Lina , Tanaka Ryou 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHermaphroditism is less frequently reported in dogs and is often associated with infertility.
Case reportAn 8‐month‐old French bulldog weighing 5 kg with an enlarged structure protruding from the vulva was clinically diagnosed with hermaphroditism. Physical, hormonal assay, computed tomography, and gross and histological studies were done in addition to successfully detailed surgical correction. On physical examination, the dog showed the presence of an os‐clitoris protruded from the vulvar labia. Hormonal levels of estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone were 6.39 pg/ml, 0.4 ng/ml, and 8.67ng/ml, respectively. Surgical removal of internal gonadal tissues and os clirectomy operations were conducted after the exploratory laparotomy. The removed gonadal tissues were identical to that of a female with testicles instead of ovaries, according to a gross examination. Histological examination confirmed gonads as testis, with inactive seminiferous tubules and epididymis attached to uterine horns.ConclusionThe congenital anomalies in the present case were diagnosed as male pseudohermaphroditism (MPH). Surgical correction was performed, and the owner's satisfaction was achieved.
An objective index for spinal cord compression on computed tomography in Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Kondo Taro , Sato Fumio , Tsuzuki Nao , Chen Chun‐Jen , Yamada Kazutaka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomographic myelography can be a useful tool for evaluating vertebral canal stenosis. However, an index of spinal cord compression is yet to be established.ObjectivesThis observational descriptive study aimed to establish an index for spinal cord compression using computed tomography (CT).MethodsTwenty‐three Thoroughbred horses (age, 155–717 days; weight, 205–523 kg) with suspected cervical vertebral malformation were subjected to computed tomographic myelography in dorsal recumbency using large‐bore gantry CT to define the entire cervical vertebrae from C1 to C7. Subsequently, the height of the spinal cord was measured in the sagittal plane reformatted using curved multi‐planar reformation (MPR), thereby comparing it with stenotic ratio (i.e. dividing the area of spinal cord by that of the subarachnoid space) measured in the transverse plane. The measurement was performed at the level of each of six intervertebral spaces, for a total of 138 sites. Accordingly, the appropriate cut‐off value for spinal cord height was determined using the receiver‐operating characteristic curve, from which the area under the curve with 95% confidence interval was estimated.ResultsThe spinal cord compression cut‐off value was 7.06 mm, with an area under curve of 0.84. A weak relationship was observed between spinal cord height and stenotic ratio (R2 = 0.08, p < 0.05).ConclusionsFollowing curved MPR, a cut‐off value of 7.06 mm may serve as an index for spinal cord compression.
Electric vehicle adoption in small island economies: Review from a technology transition perspective
Authors: Shah Kalim U. , Awojobi Mohammed , Soomauroo Zakia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSmall Island States present features, such as compact road networks, low commuter distances, and often large tourism service sectors, that could make the adoption of electric vehicles for transportation which is an attractive way to reduce their costly dependence on imported fossil fuel and their greenhouse gas emissions. Through the transition theory lens, we review the national policy measures and broad clean transportation targets that small island countries are implementing to encourage electric mobility deployment. From information compiled for 18 small island countries, we find a growing trend in electric vehicle and infrastructure development incentives among broader clean transportation transformation policies and nationally determined contribution targets; and large country‐to‐country variations in enabling conditions to smoothen EV transition. Small island countries are not uniform but instead are very dispersed across the transition S‐curve. The review, therefore, finds that the mobility transition requires island‐specific approaches and solutions that will accentuate critical policy and management elements for fostering transitions.This article is categorized under:
Policy and Economics > Energy Transitions
Sustainable Development > Sustainable Development Goals
Identification of synthetic cathinones in seized materials: A review of analytical strategies applied in forensic chemistry
Authors: G. de Campos Eduardo , Krotulski Alex J. , S. De Martinis Bruno , Costa José Luiz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSynthetic cathinones are a class of novel psychoactive substances, commonly tested in seized materials by forensic chemistry laboratories. These drugs have been found in different types of seized materials including powders, tablets, liquids, herbs, and blotters. A comprehensive review of the literature shows that the analyses of synthetic cathinones have been performed by a diverse repertoire of techniques, from more traditional to emerging methods. Techniques commonly used in the analysis of “traditional” illicit drugs, such as color and microcrystalline tests, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry (MS), and infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopies, have been used for screening and/or confirmatory purposes, depending on the technique and laboratories preference. However, other emerging techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, high‐resolution MS, direct analysis in real‐time MS, gas chromatography with IR detection, and so on, have been drawing the attention of forensic scientists due to the advantages of these techniques in providing important structural data. It is important to consider that each technique presents analytical benefits and limitations, which should be considered when analyzing synthetic cathinones in seized materials. Furthermore, the combination of more than one analytical technique is always recommended, especially when an unknown synthetic cathinone is suspected and/or encountered in the sample.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Controlled and Emerging Drug Compounds
Toxicology > New Psychoactive Substances
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and Methods
Cultural Transmission in Slovak Mountain Regions: Local Knowledge as Symbolic Argumentation
Authors: Murin Ivan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnthropological findings and symbolic activities of native populations can be argumentative tools in environmental communication. This chapter presents the ethnography research and assistance of anthropologists in the re-adaptation of the new mountain generation in Vrchár communities in Slovakia, Central Europe. Here, in the second half of twentieth century, several generations were evicted from their original surroundings. The anthropologists compiled an inventory of the current state of local culture in outlying locations. They subsequently used a mixed method to analyze the consequences of interrupting generational transmission and created a model for sustainable transmission of local culture. The new generation adapts Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) as lived heritage and periodically presents newly learned knowledge of symbolic events. This symbolic reference to sustainability constitutes important argumentation in environmental communication with multiple stakeholders.
Community Voices, Practices, and Memories in Environmental Communication: Iliamna Lake Yup’ik Place Names, Alaska
Authors: Kugo Yoko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses an environmental communication approach, using certain Indigenous place names as examples of how residents of communities around Iliamna Lake, Alaska, not only use place names to convey environmental and spatial information, but also to emphasize the temporal and spiritual relationships between the people and the land. Place names and stories about these places often reveal local histories and affirm cultural ethics. Elders sharing their feelings and stories about these places with younger generations affirm the residents’ connection to the streams, lakes, and other landmarks in the Iliamna Lake area. Participating in daily activities and sharing oral traditions of the landscape are at the core of the environmental communication used by residents of Iliamna Lake communities to live in harmony with nature.
Identifying Values Through Discourse Analysis
Authors: Kivle Benedicte Maria Tveter , Espedal Gry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to show how values can be identified through discourse analysis. To elaborate on this, we describe what discourse analysis is by drawing on theoretical contributions and earlier writings on the approach. Discourse analysis is presented here by three traditions with different theoretical and methodological connotations. The three approaches are structural-semantic discourse analysis, critical discourse analysis and discursive psychology. The different approaches are analysed and presented through an example text discussing the managerial model of trust-based leadership within the public sector in Scandinavia. The description of the approaches to discourse analysis gives the reader an understanding of the available choices of approaches within discourse analysis and how the different theoretical groundings make way for identifying values differently. In this chapter, readers are offered a framework for placing their own research projects within the three traditions of discourse analysis.