bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Optimal Surgical Scheme for Very Severe Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Wen Zhenxing , Mo Xiaoyi , Ma Hangzhan , Li Haonan , Liao Changhe , Fu Dan , Cheung Wing Hoi , Qi Zhichao , Zhao Shengli , Chen Bailing 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTherapy of very severe osteoporotic compression fractures (VSOVCF) has been a growing challenge for spine surgeons. Opinions vary regarding the optimal surgical procedure for the treatment of VSOVCF and which internal fixation method is more effective is still under debate, and research on this topic is lacking. This retrospective study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of various pedicle screw fixation methods for treating VSOVCF.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective comparative study was conducted between January 2015 and September 2020. Two hundred and one patients were divided into six groups according to different surgical methods: 45 patients underwent long‐segment fixation (Group 1); 39 underwent short‐segment fixation (Group 2); 30 received long‐segment fixation with cement‐reinforced screws (Group 3); 32 received short‐segment fixation with cement‐reinforced screws (Group 4); 29 had long‐segment fixation combined with kyphoplasty (PKP) (Group 5); and 26 cases had short‐segment fixation combined with PKP (Group 6). The clinical records were reviewed and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score were used for clinical evaluation. The vertebral height (VH), fractured vertebral body height (FVBH), and Cobb's angle were objectively calculated and analyzed on lateral plain radiographs. Student's t‐tests and one‐way ANOVA among groups were conducted to analyze the continuous, and the chi‐squared test was used to compare the dichotomous or categorical variables. The difference was considered statistically significant when the P‐value was less than 0.05.ResultsThe six groups had similar distributions in age, gender, course of the disease, follow‐up period, and injured level. In the postoperative assessment of the VAS score, the surgical intervention most likely to rank first in terms of pain relief was the short‐segment fixation with cement‐reinforced screws (Group 4). For the functional evaluation, the surgical intervention that is most likely to rank first in terms of ODI score was a short‐segment fixation with cement‐reinforced screws (Group 4), followed by long‐segment fixation (Group 1). The long‐segment fixation with cement‐reinforced screws was the first‐ranked surgical intervention for the maintenance of Cobb's angle and vertebral height, whereas the short‐segment fixation performed the worst. The highest overall complication rate was in Group 6 with an incidence of 42.3% (11/26), followed by Group 2 with an incidence of 38.5% (15/39).ConclusionFor the treatment of VSOVCF, the short‐segment fixation with cement‐reinforced screws is the most effective and optimal procedure, and should be used as the preferred surgical method if surgeons are proficient in using cemented screws; otherwise, directly and unquestionably use long‐segment fixation to achieve satisfactory clinical results.
Grafting‐induced seed gossypol levels by demethylation of (+)‐delta‐cadinene synthase genes in upland cotton
Authors: Karaca Mehmet , Ince Ayse Gul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo‐year‐grafting experiments within and between Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum accessions were conducted to study the source, transfer, and alteration of gossypol and methylation of (+)‐δ‐cadinene synthase (CDN) genes along with whole chromosomes of A01, A04, A11, D01, D05, and D11, harbouring the cotton CDNs, using the whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) method. The results revealed that although a glandless line used in this study had a low level of gossypol in the seeds, it did not contain any pigment glands, indicating that expression pathways of gland and gossypol were under genetic control of different loci in cotton. Grafts with glandless rootstocks produced significant amounts of total gossypol in the seeds, clearly demonstrating that the source of gossypol biosynthesis was not specific to the root. Heterografts consisting of scion GN, a glandless line, and scion TM‐1 grafted on Pima 3‐79 rootstocks caused increased total seed gossypol levels whereas homograft TT had decreased total seed gossypol levels. Alteration of total gossypol levels was also associated with gland density, and DNA demethylation levels of (+)‐δ‐cadinene synthase genes.
Genetic variability and phylogenetic characterization of different populations of Meloidogyne izalcoensis and reaction of coffee genotypes to this new species detected in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Sheila F. , Santos Marcilene F. A. , Stefanelo Daniela , Mattos Vanessa S. , Rodrigues‐Silva Paolo L. , Sousa Gleiciane P. , Salgado Sônia M. L. , Sera Gustavo H. , Castagnone‐Sereno Philippe , Cares Juvenil E. , Carneiro Regina M. D. G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new root‐knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne izalcoensis, was detected on coffee in Brazil. This species was first described on coffee from El Salvador and later detected in Asia and Africa. There are no reports on the genetic diversity of this species and resistance to M. izalcoensis has not yet been studied in coffee cultivars. All populations were identified by esterase phenotype and sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) species‐specific markers. Based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, low intraspecific variability was detected among M. izalcoensis populations from Africa, Vietnam and Brazil, but the population from El Salvador showed fewer genetic differences from the other populations. Phylogenetically, all populations of M. izalcoensis from different locations (El Salvador, Kenya, Tanzania, Vietnam and Brazil) grouped with 90% and 69% bootstrap support for COII and HSP90 regions, respectively, indicating that these markers are highly conserved for the species. In addition, both markers enabled separation of M. izalcoensis populations from other important coffee Meloidogyne species, including M. exigua, M. paranaensis, M. incognita, M. arabicida and M. lopezi. In resistance studies, most genotypes tested that had resistance to other Meloidogyne spp. (Amphillo × Catuaí, Hybrid of Timor, IAPAR 59, IPR 99, IPR 100, IPR 102, IPR 103, IPR 105, IPR 106, IPR 107 and IPR 108) were found to be susceptible to M. izalcoensis, except for the rootstock cv. Apoatã IAC 2258, which proved to be moderately resistant, with a genetic segregation for this character of 43.8%.
A Bayesian Improvement of the Proportionality Principle
Authors: Pecaric Mirko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe principle of proportionality is seen as the highest peak of structural, logical thinking that enables balancing between constitutional principles and their interferences. So far, Alexy's weight formula has been the most advanced approach in structured balancing of proportionalitystricto sensu, while this paper shows it as still too subjective. Despite judicial tests—or different, manifestly inappropriate reasonableness tests—proportionalitystricto sensuhides some form of the jumping‐to‐conclusions bias, because the inference is made through a subjective lens. The paper presents structured legal balancing (and hence reasoning) based on Bayes’ theorem. This paper, based on the connection between probability and hypothetical legal norms, transfers the four‐part structure of proportionality into the relevant four‐part structure of the Bayes tree. This transfer shows the first as flawed due to its failing to consider means that can have the same effects as the considered ones. Only by inclusion of the latter can the total probability of a considered case be established. Numerical proportionalityà laBayes can be further improved through the use of public‐value weights that are obtained from surveys or online communities of people giving weights in the real time (collective wisdom). The Bayesian approach can also be used in adjudication as a control in assessing judicial standards in use.
Coeval Miocene exhumation of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit and the Cycladic Basement in the southern Cyclades, Ios and Sikinos, Greece
Authors: Flansburg Megan E. , Poulaki Eirini M. , Stockli Daniel F. , Soukis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMiocene extension in the back arc of the retreating Hellenic subduction zone resulted in metamorphic core complex formation and exhumation of the Cycladic HP‐LT rocks. The extension was accommodated by bivergent detachment systems, generally occupying the interface between the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) and overlying Pelagonian units. However, the nature and kinematic history of the contact between the CBU and underlying Cycladic Basement (CB) in the southern Cyclades remains debated due to the presence of both top‐to‐the‐N and top‐to‐the‐S kinematics and ambiguities dating the final exhumation stages. Zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He data and thermal modelling for the CB and CBU on Ios and Sikinos show that both units were likely exhumed as a coherent footwall block in response to rapid slip along the bivergent Miocene Santorini and Naxos‐Paros detachment systems.
Suppression of the tonoplast sugar transporter, StTST3.1, affects transitory starch turnover and plant growth in potato
Authors: Liu Tengfei , Kawochar Md Abu , Liu Shengxuan , Cheng Yunxia , Begum Shahnewaz , Wang Enshuang , Zhou Tingting , Liu Tiantian , Cai Xingkui , Song Botao 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYTransitory starch and vacuolar sugars function as highly dynamic pools of instantly accessible metabolites in plant leaf cells. Their metabolic regulation is critical for plant survival. The tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), responsible for sugar uptake into vacuoles, regulate cellular sugar partitioning and vacuolar sugar accumulation. However, whether TSTs are involved in leaf transient starch turnover and plant growth is unclear. Here, we found that suppressing StTST3.1 resulted in growth retardation and pale green leaves in potato plants. StTST3.1‐silenced plants displayed abnormal chloroplasts and impaired photosynthetic performance. The subcellular localization assay and the oscillation expression patterns revealed that StTST3.1 encoded a tonoplast‐localized protein and responded to photoperiod. Moreover, RNA‐seq analyses identified that starch synthase (SS2 and SS6) and glucan water, dikinase (GWD), were downregulated in StTST3.1‐silenced lines. Correspondingly, the capacity for starch synthesis and degradation was decreased in StTST3.1‐silenced lines. Surprisingly, StTST3.1‐silenced leaves accumulated exceptionally high levels of maltose but low levels of sucrose and hexose. Additionally, chlorophyll content was reduced in StTST3.1‐silenced leaves. Analysis of chlorophyll metabolic pathways found that Non‐Yellow Coloring 1 (NYC1)‐like (NOL), encoding a chloroplast‐localized key enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of chlorophyll b degradation, was upregulated in StTST3.1‐silenced leaves. Transient overexpression of StNOL accelerated chlorophyll b degradation in tobacco leaves. Our results indicated that StTST3.1 is involved in transitory starch turnover and chlorophyll metabolism, thereby playing a critical role in normal potato plant growth.
The Reversal Characteristics of GABAergic Neurons: A Neurovascular Model
Authors: David Tim , Morillo Robin , Howarth Clare , Berwick Jason , Lee Llywelyn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the ability to locally adjust vascular resistance as a function of neuronal activity. Recent experiments have illustrated that NVC is partially independent of metabolic signals. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) has been shown in some instances to provide an important mechanism in altering vascular resistance. An extension to the original model of NVC [1] has been developed to include the activation of both somatosensory neurons and GABAergic interneurons and to investigate the role of NO and the delicate balance of GABA and neuronal peptide enzymes (NPY) pathways. The numerical model is compared to murine experimental data that provides time-dependent profiles of oxy, de-oxy, and total-hemoglobin. The results indicate a delicate balance that exists between GABA and NPY when nNOS interneurons are activated mediated by NO. Whereas somatosensory neurons (producing potassium into the extracellular space) do not seem to be effected by the inhibition of NO. Further work will need to be done to investigate the role of NO when stimulation periods are increased substantially from the short pulses of 2 s as used in the above experiments.
Detection of exhaled methane levels for monitoring trauma-related haemorrhage following blunt trauma: study protocol for a prospective observational study
Authors: Jávor Péter , Rárosi Ferenc , Horváth Tamara , Török László , Varga Endre , Hartmann Petra 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Early recognition and effective treatment of internal bleeding impose a cardinal challenge for trauma teams. The reduction of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow is among the first compensatory responses to blood loss, thus being a promising candidate as a diagnostic tool for occult haemorrhage. Unfortunately, methods for monitoring the SMA flow have not been elaborated to date. Nevertheless, animal experiments suggest that exhaled methane (CH4) levels correspond to the SMA perfusion. We hypothesise that real-time detection of CH4concentrations in the exhaled air is an applicable technique for the early recognition of haemorrhage in severely injured patients. We also hypothesise that exhaled CH4levels reflect the volume of blood loss more accurately than conventional markers of blood loss and shock such as shock index, haemoglobin, base deficit, lactate, end-tidal carbon dioxide and sublingual microcirculatory indices.

Methods and analysis
One hundred and eleven severely injured (Injury Severity Score ≥16), intubated, bleeding patients sustaining blunt trauma will be included in this prospective observational study. Blood loss will be detected with CT and estimated with CT-linked radiologic software. Exhaled CH4concentrations will be monitored by attaching a near-infrared laser technique-based photoacoustic spectroscopy apparatus to the exhalation outlet of the ventilator on patient arrival. The primary outcome is the volume of blood loss. Need for massive transfusion and 24-hour mortality will constitute secondary outcomes. The relation of exhaled CH4to study outcomes and its performance in predicting blood loss in comparison with conventional shock markers and microcirculatory indices will be tested.

Ethics and dissemination
Our protocol (ID: 5400/2021-SZTE) has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04987411) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the medical ethics committee at the University of Szeged (Ref.nr.:121/2021-SZTE RKEB). It is in data collection phase, theresults will be shared with the scientific community through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

NCT04987411ClinicalTrials.gov, registered on 27 July 2021.
Pregnancy of unknown location: external validation of the hCG-based M6NP and M4 prediction models in an emergency gynaecology unit
Authors: Fistouris Johan , Bergh Christina , Strandell Annika 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate if M6NP predicting ectopic pregnancy (EP) among women with pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is valid in an emergency gynaecology setting and comparing it with its predecessor M4.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUniversity Hospital.ParticipantsWomen with PUL.MethodsAll consecutive women with a PUL during a study period of 3 years were screened for inclusion. Risk prediction of an EP was based on two serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels taken at least 24 hours and no longer than 72 hours apart.Main outcome measuresThe area under the ROC curve (AUC) expressed the ability of a model to distinguish an EP from a non-EP (discrimination). Calibration assessed the agreement between the predicted risk of an EP and the true risk (proportion) of EP. The proportion of EPs and non-EPs classified as high risk assessed the model’s sensitivity and false positive rate (FPR). The proportion of non-EPs among women classified as low risk was the model’s negative predictive value (NPV). The clinical utility of a model was evaluated with decision curve analysis.Results1061 women were included in the study, of which 238 (22%) had a final diagnosis of EP. The AUC for EP was 0.85 for M6NP and 0.81 for M4. M6NP made accurate risk predictions of EP up to predictions of 20% but thereafter risks were underestimated. M4 was poorly calibrated up to risk predictions of 40%. With a 5% threshold for high risk classification the sensitivity for EP was 95% for M6NP, the FPR 50% and NPV 97%. M6NP had higher sensitivity and NPV than M4 but also a higher FPR. M6NP had utility at all thresholds as opposed to M4 that had no utility at thresholds≤5%.ConclusionsM6NP had better predictive performance than M4 and is valid in women with PUL attending an emergency gynaecology unit. Our results can encourage implementation of M6NP in related yet untested clinical settings to effectively support clinical decision-making.
Studying intraprofessional and interprofessional learning processes initiated by an educational intervention applying a qualitative design with multimethod approach: a study protocol
Authors: Truong Anh Thuc , Winman Thomas , Ekström-Bergström Anette 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Interprofessional collaboration in education and practice has been highlighted as a premise for providing good care. Both the intraprofessional and interprofessional impacts have bearing on healthcare professionals’ performance and learning. Likewise, from the perspective of work-integrated learning, intraprofessional and interprofessional learning play an enduring part in studies about the development of healthcare organisations and professional competence. Educational-intervention research has become significant, which may indicate challenges the healthcare, for example, the area of disabilities is confronting. Earlier studies on intraprofessional and interprofessional learning have often focused on the learning outcome, whereas the learning process remains unexplored. The learning process is complex and is normally influenced by several factors. Therefore, develop knowledge about the intraprofessional and interprofessional learning processes initiated by an educational-intervention and the factors influencing this process may contribute to educational-intervention research, which is also the aim of the forthcoming study.

Methods and analysis
An inductive qualitative study design with interpretivism as the epistemological stand will be applied. Professionals in healthcare services for people with intellectual disabilities in four residential settings in Sweden are included in the educational-intervention based on web-based training and structured group reflections. Intended data collections are videorecordings of group reflections and individual interviews. An ethnomethodological approach will be applied for studying the details of conversation and interaction in group reflections. The interviews will be analysed using qualitative content analysis to gain participants’ viewpoints of the intervention.

Ethics and dissemination
Approval was obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, Dnr 35 517. In Addition, a supplemental application to the extended part of the intervention in the forthcoming study has been submitted and approval was received on 21 September 2021. Ethical principles following the Declaration of Helsinki will be strictly followed.

Trial registration number

NCT03390868; Post-results.
The Acute VertEbRal AugmentaTion (AVERT) study: protocol for a randomised controlled, feasibility trial of spinal medial branch nerve block in hospitalised older patients with vertebral fragility fractures
Authors: Tan Chia Wei , Cameron Maribel , Arlachov Yuriy , Bastounis Anastasios , Bishop Simon , Czernicki Michal , Drummond Avril , Fakis Apostolos , Pasku Dritan , Sahota Opinder 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Vertebral fragility fractures (VFFs) are the most common type of osteoporotic fracture found in older people, resulting in increasing morbidity and excess mortality. These fractures can cause significant pain, requiring admission to hospital. Vertebroplasty (VP) is effective in reducing pain and allowing early mobilisation in hospitalised patients. However, it may be associated with complications such as cement leakage, infection, bleeding at the injection site and fracture of adjacent vertebrae. It is also costly and not readily accessible in many UK hospitals.
A recent retrospective study reported that spinal medial branch nerve block (MBNB), typically used to treat facet arthropathy, had similar efficacy in terms of pain relief compared with VP for the treatment of painful VFF. However, to date, no study has prospectively compared MBNB to VP. We therefore propose a prospective feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) to compare the role of MBNB to VP, in hospitalised older patients.

Method
A parallel, two-arm RCT with participants allocated on a 1:1 ratio to either standard care-VP or MBNB in hospitalised patients aged over 70 with acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Follow-up will be at weeks 1, 4 and 8 post intervention. The primary objective is to determine the feasibility and design of a future trial, including specific outcomes of recruitment, adherence to randomisation and safety. Embedded within the trial will be a health economic evaluation to understand resource utilisation and implications of the intervention and a qualitative study of the experiences and insights of trial participants and clinicians. Secondary outcomes will include pain scores, analgesia requirements, resource use and quality of life data.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was granted by the Yorkshire & the Humber Research Ethics Committee (reference 21/YH/0065). AVERT (Acute VertEbRal AugmentaTion) has received approval by the Health Research Authority (reference IRAS 293210) and is sponsored by Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (reference 21HC001). Recruitment is ongoing. Results will be presented at relevant conferences and submitted to appropriate journals for publication on completion.

Trial registration number

NCT18334053.