bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biostratigraphy of the Early Cretaceous Mauddud Formation in Ratawi Oilfield, Basrah Governorate, Southern Iraq
Authors: Ezzulddin Leqaa N. , Ibrahim Yasamin K. 
Published: October 2022

The biostratigraphy of the Early Cretaceous Mauddud Formation was studied in the Ratawi Oilfield, Basra Governorate, southern Iraq, using integrated borehole data set (core and cutting samples and well logs) in two drilled wells to analyze the biostratigraphy of the formation. One hundred eighty-three slides for both selected wells were investigated. The formation is composed of light grey dolomitized limestone and pseudo-oolitic creamy limestone with green to bluish shale. Three biozones were discriminated, these are: Orbitolina qatarica range zone; Orbitolina sefini range zone and Orbitolina concava range zone. The age of these biozones extends to include the Late Albian (Orbitolina qatarica); Late Albian-Early Cenomanian (Orbitolina sefini) and Early Cenomanian for (Orbitolina concava) zone. The fossils occurred are Conicorbitolina conica, Coral, gastropoda, Miliolids, Nezzazata , Neoiraqia convexa, orbitolina discoidia, Orbitolina kurdica, Spiroluculina sp., trocholina sp .
Determining the Best Rainwater Harvesting System in Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Khafaji Dhuha S. , Abdulkareem Asraa Khtan , Al-Kubaisi Qusai Y. 
Published: October 2022

Rainwater harvesting is one of the available solutions to overcome water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions with highly variable rainfall and unexpected periods of drought or floods. This study aims to identify the best rainwater harvesting system in Al-Muthanna governorate using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Landsat 8 images were used to produce the land use map which shows five different classes: water (0.2%), bare soil (82.11%), built-up (15.71%), forest (0.27%), and farmland and grass (1.71%). The results revealed that the rainwater harvesting system can be applied only in the north and north-eastern parts of the study area which consists of residential and agricultural areas and has a maximum monthly mean rainfall range of (85.32-157.21) mm. Rooftops, semi-circular bunds, and ponds are the most suitable systems for rainwater harvesting in Al-Muthanna. The rooftops system can provide 7000-13,500 litres of water for domestic purposes. Furthermore, if the water quality was low, it could be also used in agriculture practices or to irrigate home gardens.
Detection of Efflux Pumps Gene and Relation with Antibiotics Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli (UPEC) Isolated from Patients with Cystitis
Authors: Ali Saher Amer , Al-Dahmoshi Hussein O.M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: In recent years, the multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli has increased in urinary tract infections (UTIs). One of the highly distributed chromosomally encoded traits of resistance is efflux pump. The current study aimed to investigate the most common members of 5 classes of efflux pumps among uropathogenic E. coil isolates.
Methodology: E. coli isolates were isolated using conventional bacteriology tests and confirmed by the uidA gene. An antibiotic susceptibility test has been done against 25 antibiotics using disc diffusion method. Efflux pump genes have been examined via polymerase chain reaction. Biofilm formation was investigated by a 96-well polystyrene microtiter plate.
Results: In total, 50 E. coli isolates were collected from UTIs. All isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime, while all isolates were sensitive to imipenem. Also, 19 (38%) E. coli isolates were non-MDR, while 31 (62%) were MDR. The frequency rates of different efflux pump genes ranged from 66% to 100%. The biofilm formation results indicated that 98% of isolates were biofilm former while 2% were non-biofilm. In total, 60% was weak biofilm, 24% was moderate, and 14% was strong biofilm former.
Conclusion: The current study concludes that all efflux pumps may be highly associated with resistance to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime and moderately associated with cefepime, ceftriaxone, and cefixime and may be unrelated to the resistance of other studied antibiotics or the concentration of these antibiotics inadequate to induce the expression of these pumps. Additionally, biofilm formation was highly related to the presence of study pumps.
Reservoir Characterization of Lower Qamchuqa (Shu'aiba) Formation from the Well BH-86, Bai- Hassan Oil field, Northern Iraq
Authors: Shahab Sabir S. , Baban Dler H. , Kadhim Lafta S. 
Published: October 2022

The reservoir characterization of Lower Qamchuqa (Shu'aiba) Formation (Aptian) is studied at the well BH-86 of Bai- Hassan Oilfield in Kirkuk area, Northern Iraq. The lithological study (of 91 thin sections) revealed that the formation consists of shaly limestone, a thin bed of marl within the limestone, and dolomitic limestone. Four petrographic microfacies were noticed Lime mudstone microfacies, Dolomudstone microfacies, Lime wackestone microfacies, subdivided into benthonic foraminifera lime wackestone submicrofacies and bioclasts lime wackestone submicrofacies, and the last microfacies is the Lime packstone microfacies, which is subdivided into pelloidal lime packstone submicrofacies and Orbitolina lime packstone microfacies. Shale content is calculated from the gamma-ry log, showing that the formation is mainly of low shale content (less than 35%). The porosity determined from sonic, density, and neutron logs reflect that the range between <1 and 15% and in some intervals about 6% is secondary porosity type. The estimated permeability ranges between <0.01 and 2.0mD, reflecting low permeability. The formation is subdivided into six reservoir units according to the shale content, average porosity, and permeability. The unit RU-5 has the best reservoir properties among the identified units with an average shale content of about 3.15%, about 6.2% porosity, and about 1.75mD average permeability. On the other hand, the least reservoir property is noticed in the unit RU-1 with average 9.48% shale content, 3.64% porosity, and 0.5mD average permeability. The research indicates that the fractures contribute to the flow within the Lower Qamchuqa Formation. Fluids flow through the formation in four unique Hydraulic Flow Units (HFU). Only about 8% of the gross 146m of the formation is expected to have the required reservoir properties for oil production and about 68% for gas production. The actual productive thickness for oil is only about 2.8% of the gross thickness of the studied section, and it’s more than 50% of the gross thickness for gas.
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Simulation of a Gold-Bismuth Bi-layer Gas Sensor
Authors: Ulwali Ruqayah A. , Abbas Heba Kh. , Karam Ali J , Al-Zuky Ali A. , Al-Kadhemy Mahasin F. Hadi , Al-Saleh Anwar H. 
Published: October 2022

The features of plasmonic surface frequency sensor technology, such as the small number of sensor samples required, electromagnetic interference, and high sensitivity, have been found to be highly important.. In this paper, a simulation program was created in Matlab_b2018 by adopting Fresnel equations for calculating the reflectivity of the electromagnetic wave between different media. A surface plasmon resonance sensor based on electromagnetic wavelengths within the range (100 nm to 1000 nm) has been proposed. The transfer matrix was used for a system consisting of four different media. The first medium is a semicircular BK7 glass prism, the second medium is a gold layer (40 nm thick), then a bismuth layer of variable thicknes(10–80) nm, and the last medium is air as the sensing medium. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique was adopted based on the Kretschmann configuration in the simulation of the proposed system. The simulation results showed that there is no SPR within the range of wavelengths (100-500nm), while SPR appears in the visible region and in the IR region at wavelengths (900 and 1000nm). The SPR phenomenon starts to weaken gradually with an increase in the thickness of the bismuth layer. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) decreases with the decrease of thickness of bismuth layer. The best value for it is (10) at thickness (d=10 nm) and wavelength (900 nm). While the height (H) of the SPR dip increased, with the best value of (0.95) at thickness (d=10 nm) and wavelength (700 nm). Also, the sensitivity increased with increasing the bismuth layer thickness at wavelengths (700 , 800,
and 1000 ) nm. The highest obtained sensitivity(S) was (112.5 deg/RIU).
Some Properties of Algebraically Paranormal Operator
Authors: Rashid Zaman Adel , Ahmed Buthainah A.A. 
Published: October 2022

Through this study, the following has been proven, if is an algebraically paranormal operator acting on separable Hilbert space, then satisfies the ( ) property and is also satisfies the ( ) property for all . These results are also achieved for ( ) property.
In addition, we prove that for a polaroid operator with finite ascent then after the property ( ) holds for for all .
Generalized Commuting Mapping in Prime and Semiprime Rings
Authors: Mahmood Auday Hekmat 
Published: October 2022

Let R be an associative ring. The essential purpose of the present paper is to introduce the concept of generalized commuting mapping of R. Let U be a non-empty subset of R, a mapping : R R is called a generalized commuting mapping on U if there exist a mapping :R R such that =0, holds for all U. Some results concerning the new concept are presented.
Detection of TNF Alpha Level as Biomarker in Different Stages of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Infection
Authors: Hussein Ashjan Mohammed , Ali Hayder Zuhair 
Published: October 2022

Leishmaniasis is a global illness that is endemic in many countries, including Iraq. The characteristic of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the development of skin ulcers that are controlled by the immune system. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a cytokine generated by the innate immune response to CL infection, can influence disease clearance in the human host. The effect of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in CL ulcer development during the infection is not well established. In this study TNF-α level was detected in the patients who suffered from cutaneous leishmaniasis. This level was also assessed in the newly diagnosed patients and others who were undergoing different stages of pentostam treatment. Notably the results revealed a significant increment in TNF-α serum levels in the test groups of newly infected patients, as well as, in the patients enduring second and third trials of pentostam treatment, which was (1125.49, 838.75, 1264.26) ng/ml accordingly, in comparison with healthy control group which was 235.35 ng/ml. Furthermore, there was no significant observation in TNF-α among the three patient groups. The perceived rise of TNF-α serum levels may give insights into this pro-inflammatory cytokine as a biomarker in the prognosis and tracking the disease progression.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Fish of Dalmaj Marsh, Iraq
Authors: Al-Sulttani Ahmed H. , Beg Ayad Ali Faris , Dahash Ali Hameed 
Published: October 2022

Most marshes in Iraq face several challenges as aquatic environments, including pollution by various chemical agents and heavy metals. The current study deal with an analysis of the water quality of Dalmaj marsh as one of the closed aquatic environments in the middle parts of Iraq located between latitudes 32ᵒ 05′ to 32ᵒ 23′N and longitudes 45ᵒ 10′ to 45ᵒ 38′ E. The marsh is suffering from a shortage in water supply, especially during the summer. It will lead to a concentration of heavy metals that are washed and transported to the marsh from the surrounding watersheds through surface runoff. This work aims to analyze water and fish samples to assess heavy metals and their accumulated risk in fish tissues based on many indices. The 16 samples of water and nine samples of fish are collected and analyzed for concentration of heavy metals, i.e., Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn). The water analysis results indicate that Chromium (Cr) only comes below the permissible limit in water. At the same time, the composite heavy metals pollution index (HPI) identified that the water samples are varied from light pollution to malignant pollution. Regarding fish samples, three indices, i.e., BAF, EDI, and HI, are used to test the accumulated concentration of heavy metals in fish tissues and to point out their risk to consumers. The results indicate that Pb and Ni are the more hazardous metals accumulated in many fish samples with increasing fish weight, while hazard index (HI) is an additive index of all tested heavy metals, indicating concern risk from most fish samples. The study recommends testing the marsh water pollution periodically.
Using remote sensing techniques and analytical hierarchy process to select rainwater harvesting optimum sites: a case study in Ali Al-Garbi city, Iraq
Authors: Fakher Zahraa R. , Al-Mulla Sahar T. , Jassem Riaed S. 
Published: October 2022

The assignment of suitable sites for water harvesting techniques is a promoted strategy to be introduced to the community, for handling the water scarcity and risk due to floods. In the eastern part of Missan, water is always hampered due to the limited availability during the drought, while floods frequently and intensely occur in the wet season. This study aimed to choose the potential and suitable sites for applied water harvesting system using remote sensing techniques and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Ali Al-Garbi city is divided into three watersheds (site1, site2, and site3), which have been characterized by flash floods that produce high quantities of runoff. The six parameters: slope, lineament density, drainage density, soil texture, rainfall, and runoff. These factors are selected based on previous studies to detect the potential zones of water harvesting system in the study area.Pairwise comparison method consistency index, consistency ratio, and parametersweight is evaluated. The result discovers that the highly probable zone is situated in the north and north-eastern portions in watershed no.1 and watershed no.2, while watershed no.3 located in the south portions. In contrast, the low to medium WH is situated in the center and south portion in watershed no.1 and watershed no.2, whereas in watershed no.3 located in the north.
Cytogenetic and Cytotoxic Potentials of Borago officinalis on Albino Male Mice
Authors: Al-ezzy Ruqaya Mohammed , Alanee Rafal Shakeeb , Khalaf Hadeel Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

The current study is an attempt to assess the cytogenotoxic potential of the ethanolic extract from the leaves of Borago officinalis on Swiss albino male mice. Young Swiss albino mice were orally administered with leaf ethanolic extract of Borago officinalis. Three mice groups were used using different doses of plant extract (T1: 100, T2: 200, and T3:400 mg\kg) in addition to the control negative group (untreated mice) for 7 days to assess mitotic index or 28 days to assess meiotic index. The results revealed that the extract significantly induced the division of disruptive chromosomal changes in the bone marrow and the mean of abnormality was (3.5±0.47, 4.43±0.83, and 5.83±0.96%) for T1, T2, and T3 respectively, as well as in primary spermatocytes. It is planned that the extract might have interfered with the spindle protein or protein packing.
Análise do anúncio publicitário do chocolate Creme de LaCreme
Authors: Campos Marcos Oliveira , Roberto Renata Marques 
Published: October 2022

O presente estudo investigou o anúncio publicitário do chocolate Creme de LaCreme, pertencente a empresa Cacau Show, objetivando identificar os valores ideológicos presentes em tal propaganda. Teoricamente, fundamentou-se nos pressupostos de Alves (2008), Baudrillard (2002), Belk e Costa (1998), Bergson (1987), Carvalho (2002), Finestrali e Garrido (2010), Freitas e Silveira (2004), Garboggini (2008), Giddens (2002), Ghilardi-Lucena e Possati (2010), Kuazaqui (2012), Leschonski (2017), Lipovetsky (2000), Lüsher (1989), Nascimento e Santos (2010), Pires e Ferraz (2008), Schulz e Guedes (2014) e Vestergaard e Schroder (2000). Metodologicamente, foram analisados dois anúncios publicitários do mesmo produto veiculados na mídia: LaCreme – Je Taime Demais e LaCreme RockStar, buscando identificar, principalmente, os valores ideológicos inferidos nos mesmos. Como resultados foram apontados valores como requinte, tradição, sensualidade e sexualidade atrelados ao produto, como formas de seduzir o cliente a consumir o produto. Finalmente, conclui-se que a presente pesquisa oferece contribuição para o estudo de anúncios publicitários em relação à linguagem verso-visual utilizadas; e, principalmente, no que diz respeito aos ideais implícitos na publicidade com o intuito de atrair o consumidor final.
A FRAGILIDADE DO IDOSO DIANTE DA PANDEMIA: A RESPONSABILIDADE COMO NORTE AXIOLÓGICO
Authors: Pagnussat Gabriel Trentini , Prandi Luiz Roberto 
Published: October 2022

A pandemia gerada pelo novo Coronavírus afetou todo o globo, atingindo especialmente a população idosa. Acontece que em última instância os indivíduos buscam sua auto conservação, o que nesse contexto abre espaço para ações etaristas, preterindo assim, os direitos dos idosos. Diante disso, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica documental, com análise reflexiva indutiva pretende-se, delinear os aspectos gerais da pandemia, apontando a crise valorativa por ela agravada, bem como afirmar o papel dos princípios normativos e discutir os direitos dos idosos frente a pandemia, traçando o papel da equidade e a responsabilidade do Estado, da sociedade e da família na proteção dessa população. Constatou-se que o valor da vida não pode ser medido, ao contrário, é cume dos princípios sobre os quais se constroem o sistema normativo brasileiro. Onde o Estatuto do Idoso em conjunto com a Constituição elenca os direitos desses mediante a pandemia. E que a responsabilidade, tanto do Estado, quanto da sociedade e da família, pode se constituir como valor norteador no momento de crise.
Risk of skin cancer in kidney, liver and heart recipients: A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Sheng-Wen , Wang Wei-Ming , Chiang Chien-Ping , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Tsao Chang-Huei , Chien Wu-Chien , Hung Chih-Tsung 
Published: October 2022

Background
Previous population-based studies in western countries had revealed increased skin cancer risk among transplant recipients compared to the general population. However, population-based studies in Asia on skin cancer among recipients of different transplanted organs were lacking in the literature.

Aims
This study aims to estimate skin cancer risk among recipients in Taiwan, examine the association between each specific type of skin cancer and each type of transplanted organ, and compare skin cancer risk between different immunosuppressive regimens.

Methods
This population-based retrospective cohort study identified 7550 patients with heart, lung, kidney or liver transplantation and 30,200 controls matched for gender, age and comorbidity index from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between 2000 and 2015. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the correlation of skin cancer with organ transplantation as well as immunosuppressive regimen.

Results
Organ transplant recipients in Taiwan had an increased risk of skin cancer with adjusted hazard ratios of 4.327 (95% confidence intervals 2.740-6.837, P < 0.001), with the greatest risk, observed among heart recipients (adjusted hazard ratios 6.348, 95% confidence intervals 3.080-13.088, P < 0.001). The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma was 4.473 (95% confidence intervals 2.568-7.783, P < 0.001) and 3.324 (95% confidence intervals 1.300-8.172, P < 0.001), respectively. When comparing immunosuppressants, those with calcineurin inhibitors carried the highest risk of skin cancer (adjusted hazard ratios 4.789, 95% confidence intervals 3.033-7.569, P < 0.001), followed by those with antimetabolites (adjusted hazard ratios 4.771, 95% confidence intervals 3.025-7.541, P < 0.001).

Limitations
We could not evaluate confounding behavioural risk factors of skin cancers that were not documented in the database, nor could we recognize patients’ compliance with immunosuppressants.

Conclusion
Organ recipients have a greater risk of skin cancer. Clinicians should inform recipients of the importance of photoprotection and regular dermatologic follow-up.
Productivity and seed quality of white lupine as affected by mineral fertilization
Authors: Наумкин В. , Куренская О. , Яговенко Т. 
Published: October 2022

В статье представлены результаты исследований влияния минеральных макро- и микроудобрений на урожайность и качество семян люпина белого. Полевые опыты проведены в 2013–2015 годах на кафедре растениеводства, селекции и овощеводства Белгородского ГАУ. Объект исследований — высокоинтенсивный сорт люпина белого Дега. Погодные условия в период проведения исследований характеризовались повышенным температурным режимом и низкой влагообеспеченностью. Почвенный покров опытного участка представлен чернозёмом типичным среднемощным малогумусным тяжелосуглинистого гранулометрического состава. Учётная площадь делянки — 10 м2, повторность четырёхкратная, размещение вариантов в повторениях систематическое. Полевой опыт включал следующие варианты внесения удобрений: контроль (без внесения удобрений), N60Р60К60, N60Р60К60 + «ЖУСС-2» (Cu — 32–40 г/л, Мо — 17–22 г/л), N60Р60К60 + «ЖУСС-3» (Cu — 16,2–20 г/л, Zn — 35–40 г/л). Аммиачную селитру, суперфосфат двойной и хлористый калий вносили под предпосевную культивацию, а жидкие удобрительные стимулирующие составы «ЖУСС-2» и «ЖУСС-3» использовали для внекорневой подкормки растений люпина в фазе бутонизации. В результате исследований установлено, что применение удобрений оказывало положительное влияние на урожайность, содержание сырого протеина в семенах, сбор сырого протеина урожаем. Внесение полного минерального удобрения (N60P60K60) и комплексное использование макро- и микроудобрений (N60Р60К60 + «ЖУСС-2», N60Р60К60 + «ЖУСС-3») в засушливых условиях вегетации способствовало получению высокой урожайности семян — 2,18, 2,50 и 2,45 т/га с содержанием сырого протеина 37,2, 38,2 и 37,9% соответственно.
Paper reports on the influence of mineral macro- and micro-fertilizers on productivity and seed quality of white lupine. Field trials took place in 2013–2015 at the department of Crop Production, Plant Breeding and Vegetable Production in Belgorod State Agrarian University. High-intensive white lupine “Dega” performed as the object of study. High temperature and low water availability were the parameters of weather in the period of investigations. Soil was chernozem with low humus and high loam contents. Plot size — 10 m2, number of repetitions — 4. Variants were arranged systematically. Experimental design: control (no fertilizers), N60Р60К60, N60Р60К60 + “ZHUSS-2” (Cu — 32–40 g/L, Мо — 17–22 g/L), N60Р60К60 + “ZHUSS-3” (Cu — 16.2–20 g/L, Zn — 35–40 g/L). Ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied in the period of pre-sowing tillage. Liquid fertilizers “ZHUSS-2” and “ZHUSS-3” were used for top dressing at the stage of bud formation. Fertilization positively affected crop productivity, crude protein content in seeds and yield in general. Application of N60P60K60 in combination with “ZHUSS-2” or “ZHUSS-3” under dry conditions resulted in high seed productivities of 2.18, 2.50 and 2.45 t ha-1 as well as crude protein contents of 37.2, 38.2 and 37.9%, respectively.
First confirmed record of the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) for the state of Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: McAndrews Amy E. , Montejo-Díaz Jorge E. , Tabasco-Contreras Melgar 
Published: October 2022

Primer registro confirmado de Asio flammeus para el estado de Yucatán, México.Se reporta el primer registro adecuadamente documentado de Búho de Cuerno Corto (Asio flammeus)para el estado de Yucatán. Se discute la potencial subespecie del Búho de Cuerno Corto en la Península de Yucatán.