bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pricing interest rate derivatives under volatility uncertainty
Authors: Hölzermann Julian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the pricing of contracts in fixed income markets under volatility uncertainty in the sense of Knightian uncertainty or model uncertainty. The starting point is an arbitrage-free bond market under volatility uncertainty. The uncertainty about the volatility is modeled by a G-Brownian motion, which drives the forward rate dynamics. The absence of arbitrage is ensured by a drift condition. Such a setting leads to a sublinear pricing measure for additional contracts, which yields either a single price or a range of prices and provides a connection to hedging prices. Similar to the forward measure approach, we define the forward sublinear expectation to simplify the pricing of cashflows. Under the forward sublinear expectation, we obtain a robust version of the expectations hypothesis, and we show how to price options on forward prices. In addition, we develop pricing methods for contracts consisting of a stream of cashflows, since the nonlinearity of the pricing measure implies that we cannot price a stream of cashflows by pricing each cashflow separately. With these tools, we derive robust pricing formulas for all major interest rate derivatives. The pricing formulas provide a link to the pricing formulas of traditional models without volatility uncertainty and show that volatility uncertainty naturally leads to unspanned stochastic volatility.
Match them up: visually explainable few-shot image classification
Authors: Wang Bowen , Li Liangzhi , Verma Manisha , Nakashima Yuta , Kawasaki Ryo , Nagahara Hajime 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFew-shot learning (FSL) approaches, mostly neural network-based, assume that pre-trained knowledge can be obtained from base (seen) classes and transferred to novel (unseen) classes. However, the black-box nature of neural networks makes it difficult to understand what is actually transferred, which may hamper FSL application in some risk-sensitive areas. In this paper, we reveal a new way to perform FSL for image classification, using a visual representation from the backbone model and patterns generated by a self-attention based explainable module. The representation weighted by patterns only includes a minimum number of distinguishable features and the visualized patterns can serve as an informative hint on the transferred knowledge. On three mainstream datasets, experimental results prove that the proposed method can enable satisfying explainability and achieve high classification results. Code is available at https://github.com/wbw520/MTUNet.
Modulation of Boundary-Layer Stability and the Surface Energy Budget by a Local Flow in Central Alaska
Authors: Maillard Julia , Ravetta François , Raut Jean-Christophe , Fochesatto Gilberto J. , Law Kathy S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe pre-ALPACA (Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis) 2019 winter campaign took place in Fairbanks, Alaska, in November–December 2019. One objective of the campaign was to study the life-cycle of surface-based temperature inversions and the associated surface energy budget changes. Several instruments, including a 4-component radiometer and sonic anemometer were deployed in the open, snow-covered University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) Campus Agricultural Field. A local flow from a connecting valley occurs at this site. This flow is characterized by locally elevated wind speeds (greater than 3 m s$$^{-1}$$

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) under clear-sky conditions and a north-westerly direction. It is notably different to the wind observed at the airport more than 3.5 km to the south-west. The surface energy budget at the UAF Field site exhibits two preferential modes. In the first mode, turbulent sensible heat and net longwave fluxes are close to 0 W m$$^{-2}$$

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, linked to the presence of clouds and generally low winds. In the second, the net longwave flux is around − 50 W m$$^{-2}$$

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and the turbulent sensible heat flux is around 15 W m$$^{-2}$$

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, linked to clear skies and elevated wind speeds. The development of surface-based temperature inversions at the field is hindered compared to the airport because the local flow sustains vertical mixing. In this second mode the residual of the surface energy budget is large, possibly due to horizontal temperature advection.
Associations between cigarette smoking and biliary tract cancer by anatomic subsite and sex: a prospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Lin Yingsong , Kawai Sayo , Sasakabe Tae , Kurosawa Michiko , Tamakoshi Akiko , Kikuchi Shogo ,   The JACC Study Group
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) has not been considered a tobacco-related cancer, largely because of inconclusive results from epidemiological studies. We herein evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and risk of death from BTC by anatomic subsite and sex using data from a large, prospective cohort study in Japan.

Methods
The present study included 97,030 Japanese individuals who were enrolled in 1988–1990 and followed until 31 December 2009. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of BTC with cigarette smoking, including smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and pack-years of smoking.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 16.2 years, we documented 484 deaths (187 from gallbladder cancers and 297 from cancers of other and unspecified biliary tract parts). After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and history of gallstones, current smokers had a higher risk of death due to BTC (RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.01–1.79) than never smokers. In the analyses by anatomic subsite, current smoking was associated with an increased risk of death from gallbladder cancer (RR = 1.89 95% CI = 1.19–3.02), whereas no evidence of an association was noted for cancers of other and unspecified biliary tract parts (RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.77–1.58). Moreover, mortality risk increased with an increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day and pack-years of smoking, particularly for gallbladder cancer in men.

Conclusion
Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of death from BTC, particularly gallbladder cancer, in Japanese men.
Uncertainty maps for motion around binary asteroids
Authors: Fodde Iosto , Feng Jinglang , Vasile Massimiliano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, two novel dynamics indicators are introduced and used to characterise the uncertain dynamics around a binary asteroid. These indicators are derived from the propagated expansion of the states in polynomial series of the uncertainty in initial conditions and dynamical model parameters. Thus, each indicator encapsulates in a single scalar the effect of the uncertainty in multiple model parameters. The first indicator directly calculates the second statistical moment of the propagated uncertainty set. This indicator gives a measure of the rate of divergence of an ensemble of trajectories in phase space. The second indicator estimates the approximation error of the polynomial expansion. Hence, it captures the nonlinearity in the distribution of the propagated states that is induced by the uncertainty. The two indicators are then used to create a map in phase space, which relates initial conditions to the sensitivity of the state over time to multiple realisation of the uncertain parameters. The case of the a spacecraft orbiting the binary asteroid system Didymos is considered in this paper. The uncertainty maps proposed in this paper are shown to reveal the characteristics of the motion around Didymos under uncertainty in the masses of both bodies.
Minimization over the $$\ell _1$$-ball using an active-set non-monotone projected gradient
Authors: Cristofari Andrea , De Santis Marianna , Lucidi Stefano , Rinaldi Francesco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe$$\ell _1$$ℓ1-ball is a nicely structured feasible set that is widely used in many fields (e.g., machine learning, statistics and signal analysis) to enforce some sparsity in the model solutions. In this paper, we devise an active-set strategy for efficiently dealing with minimization problems over the$$\ell _1$$ℓ1-ball and embed it into a tailored algorithmic scheme that makes use of a non-monotone first-order approach to explore the given subspace at each iteration. We prove global convergence to stationary points. Finally, we report numerical experiments, on two different classes of instances, showing the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation Analyses of Flame Spread Behaviour over Wood Treated with Flame Retardant in Ancient Buildings of Fuling Mausoleum, China
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Jing , Wang Jianghua , Sheng Guohua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo protect ancient buildings from fire, prevent the occurrences of fire, and minimise the losses caused by fire to the maximum extent possible, this study combined experimental measurements and numerical simulations to analyse the flame spread behaviour over wood treated with flame retardants. First, some wood blocks were treated with a nitrogen and phosphorus (water-based) flame retardant, and then a smoke combustion experiment was performed to test the smoke density. Scanning electron microscopy was also employed to observe the flame retardant effect. Next, a fire dynamic simulation software was used to simulate and analyse the results of the flame spread behaviour over the yellow pine collected from the Long’en Hall of Fuling Mausoleum, that was treated with flame retardants. The results showed the variation trend of the fire site’s heat release rate (HRR) over time to be consistent with the movement of fire spread after its occurrence. Compared with pristine wood, the flame retardant-treated wood exhibited a HRR reduction of 53.1%. The addition of flame retardants also reduced the concentration of the released smoke and CO2 gas, decreased the temperature of the fire site, and enhanced visibility.
Challenging to Read, Easy to Comprehend? Effects of Linguistic Demands on Secondary Students’ Text Comprehension in Physics
Authors: Hackemann Timo , Heine Lena , Höttecke Dietmar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudents with high reading proficiency typically achieve better results in science assessments, indicating the importance of reading proficiency. Since the process of reading is a complex interaction between properties of a text and a reader, the linguistic demands of a text might affect text comprehension. Certain linguistic features, such as complex syntactic structures and low word frequency, have been found to create higher cognitive load. However, studies investigating the influence of linguistic features on test item difficulty and students’ text comprehension in science have hitherto let to inconclusive results. The present study investigates whether the linguistic demands of expository text affect German students’ text comprehension in the domain of physics. Within an experimental study, we presented three introductory texts on different subtopics of thermodynamics and 27 single-select, multiple-choice items to 812 secondary school students (grades 7–9). Items measured students’ text comprehension (dependent variable); the linguistic demands of each text were systematically varied across three levels (independent variables) while other features of text quality and content were held constant. The results of the item response theory analysis indicated no consistent differences in item difficulty across levels of linguistic demands. Moreover, differential analyses of subgroups presented no consistent differences in solution frequencies of items related to different linguistic demands. Furthermore, while the highest linguistic demand of the texts led the students to perceive a lower comprehensibility, their text comprehension was not affected. Hence, this study provides evidence that the influence of linguistic features on text comprehension is at most low and might be overestimated in present discussions.
Evaluation of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature changes in cases of sarcoid and tuberculosis-associated posterior uveitis using OCT angiography
Authors: Hassan Lameece Moustafa , Asaad Ashgan , ElSanabary Zeinab , Youssef Maha M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to evaluate retinal microvascular changes in sarcoid and tuberculous (TB) posterior uveitis.

Methods
Cross-sectional observational study includes 30 eyes. FFA and OCTA images were acquired. OCTA images were analyzed for areas of capillary hypo-perfusion, disorganization of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP) and intraretinal cystoid spaces and for measuring the size of the foveal avascular zone and vessel density (VD) in the SCP and DCP.

Results
A total of 11 eyes were associated with TB and 19 with sarcoidosis. By OCTA, 100% had areas of capillary non-perfusion, 36.7% choroidal voids, 30% disorganization of the SCP and DCP and 26.6% intraretinal cystoid spaces. The VD of the DCP was significantly lower in the TB group. On comparing OCTA and FFA, parafoveal ischemia was detected more frequently on OCTA and macular edema more frequently on FFA (P =  < 0.001). The BCVA was not significantly correlated with the VD of the SCP or DCP.

Conclusion
OCTA can be used in detection of early microvascular changes, segmenting retinal layers and localizing abnormalities. The presence of these changes may aid in the diagnosis of TB and sarcoid uveitis, for prognosis, follow-up and may be the only choice when FFA is contraindicated.
The continuing formation of relational caring professionals
Authors: Timmerman Guus , Baart Andries 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLearning to work as a relational caring professional in healthcare and social welfare, is foremost a process of transformative learning, of Building, of professional subjectification. In this article we contribute to the design of such a process of formation by presenting a structured map of five domains of formational goals. It is mainly informed by many years of care-ethical research and training of professionals in healthcare and social work. The five formational domains are:Relational Caring Approach,Perception,Knowledge,Interpretation, andPractical Wisdom. The formation process, described as the recurring detour of a continuing practice, requires ‘exposure’, in-depth learning and learning communities. Relational caring—care consequently resulting from and structured by relational thinking, exploring, and steering—requires ‘inquiry’ as a continuous learning process in practice. The process is ultimately aimed at fostering mature, competent, and practically wise professional caregivers who are able to relationally connect with and attune to care receivers, and adequately navigate existential, moral, and political-institutional tensions in relational caring in complex organizations in Late-Modern society.
Is intracranial volume a risk factor for IDH-mutant low-grade glioma? A case–control study
Authors: Sagberg Lisa Millgård , Fyllingen Even Hovig , Hansen Tor Ivar , Strand Per Sveino , Håvik Aril Løge , Sundstrøm Terje , Corell Alba , Jakola Asgeir Store , Salvesen Øyvind , Solheim Ole 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Risk of cancer has been associated with body or organ size in several studies. We sought to investigate the relationship between intracranial volume (ICV) (as a proxy for lifetime maximum brain size) and risk of IDH-mutant low-grade glioma.

Methods
In a multicenter case–control study based on population-based data, we included 154 patients with IDH-mutant WHO grade 2 glioma and 995 healthy controls. ICV in both groups was calculated from 3D MRI brain scans using an automated reverse brain mask method, and then compared using a binomial logistic regression model.

Results
We found a non-linear association between ICV and risk of glioma with increasing risk above and below a threshold of 1394 ml (p < 0.001). After adjusting for ICV, sex was not a risk factor for glioma.

Conclusion
Intracranial volume may be a risk factor for IDH-mutant low-grade glioma, but the relationship seems to be non-linear with increased risk both above and below a threshold in intracranial volume.
Cost-effectiveness of direct surgery versus preoperative octreotide therapy for growth-hormone secreting pituitary adenomas
Authors: Caulley Lisa , Krijkamp Eline , Doyle Mary-Anne , Thavorn Kednapa , Alkherayf Fahad , Sahlollbey Nick , Dong Selina X. , Quinn Jason , Johnson-Obaseki Stephanie , Schramm David , Kilty Shaun J. , Hunink Myriam G. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of preoperative octreotide therapy followed by surgery versus the standard treatment modality for growth-hormone secreting pituitary adenomas, direct surgery (that is, surgery without preoperative treatment) from a public third-party payer perspective.

Methods
We developed an individual-level state-transition microsimulation model to simulate costs and outcomes associated with preoperative octreotide therapy followed by surgery and direct surgery for patients with growth-hormone secreting pituitary adenomas. Transition probabilities, utilities, and costs were estimated from recent published data and discounted by 3% annually over a lifetime time horizon. Model outcomes included lifetime costs [2020 United States (US) Dollars], quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

Results
Under base case assumptions, direct surgery was found to be the dominant strategy as it yielded lower costs and greater health effects (QALYs) compared to preoperative octreotide strategy in the second-order Monte Carlo microsimulation. The ICER was most sensitive to probability of remission following primary therapy and duration of preoperative octreotide therapy. Accounting for joint parameter uncertainty, direct surgery had a higher probability of demonstrating a cost-effective profile compared to preoperative octreotide treatment at 77% compared to 23%, respectively.

Conclusions
Using standard benchmarks for cost-effectiveness in the US ($100,000/QALY), preoperative octreotide therapy followed by surgery may not be cost-effective compared to direct surgery for patients with growth-hormone secreting pituitary adenomas but the result is highly sensitive to initial treatment failure and duration of preoperative treatment.
Investigating people’s lifetime history of suicide attempts: a roadmap for studying interviewer-related error
Authors: Eikelenboom Merijn , Horsfall Melany , Draisma Stasja , Smit Jan H 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is critically important to correctly identify persons with a lifetime history (LTH) of suicide attempts (SA) from both a clinical and research perspective. Face-to-face interviews are often the best available method for researchers to collect data about a complex phenomenon like a LTH of SA. However, extensive survey methodology research has shown that probing sensitive topics like a LTH of SA are sensitive for interviewer-related errors or interviewer effects. Studies investigating these interviewer effects are scarce in the field of suicide studies. This study presents a possible roadmap for study of interviewerrelated measurement error and an exploration of role-dependent behaviour of interviewers by assessing the LTH of SA through an epidemiological design. Data from the baseline assessment of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (N = 2981) was used to illustrate the proposed roadmap to study interviewer effects. Results show: : (1) that it was possible to identify the existence of interviewer effects in assessing a LTH of SA; (2) that interviewer effects occurred by probing and clarification activities of the interviewer but not with inadequate formulation of the original question and so give a possible explanation for these effects; and (3) that it was possible to study the impact of these effects on the association between a well-known risk factor and LTH of SA. Applying the Measurement Error framework for systematically examining errors in data collection on suicidality seems a promising method.
An experimental test of the effectiveness of cognitive interviewing in pretesting questionnaires
Authors: Lenzner Timo , Hadler Patricia , Neuert Cornelia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPretesting survey questions via cognitive interviewing is based on the assumptions that the problems identified by the method truly exist in a later survey and that question revisions based on cognitive interviewing findings produce higher-quality data than the original questions. In this study, we empirically tested these assumptions in a web survey experiment (n = 2,200). Respondents received one of two versions of a question on self-reported financial knowledge: either the original draft version, which was pretested in ten cognitive interviews, or a revised version, which was modified based on the results of the cognitive interviews. We examined whether the cognitive interviewing findings predicted problems encountered in the web survey and whether the revised question version was associated with higher content-related and criterion-related validity than the draft version. The results show that cognitive interviewing is effective in identifying real question problems, but not necessarily in fixing survey questions and improving data quality. Overall, our findings point to the importance of using iterative pretesting designs, that is, carrying out multiple rounds of cognitive interviews and also testing the revisions to ensure that they are indeed of higher quality than the draft questions.
Methods for disentangling period and cohort changes in mortality risk over the twentieth century: comparing graphical and modelling approaches
Authors: Jones Phil Mike , Minton Jon , Bell Andrew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper explores changes in age-specific mortality risk across periods and cohorts during the twentieth century in the developed world. We use and compare two approaches—one graphical (Lexis plots) and one statistical (an adapted Hierarchical age-period-cohort model)—that control out overall trends in mortality, to focus on discrete changes associated with specific events. Our analyses point to a number of key global and local events in the Twentieth Century associated with period and/or cohort effects, including the World Wars and the influenza pandemic of 1918–19. We focus particularly on the UK but look at other countries where results are particularly noteworthy, either substantively or methodologically. We also find a decline in mortality in many western countries, specifically in the 1948 birth cohort, which may be associated with the development of post-war social welfare policies, the economic investment in Europe by the United States, the accessibility of antibiotics such as penicillin, and, in the UK, the founding of the NHS. We finish by considering the advantages and disadvantages of using the two methods with different sorts of data and research questions.