bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Force Induced Self‐Assembly of Chinese Herbal Hydrogel with Synergistic Effects of Antibacterial Activity and Immune Regulation for Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Baohui , Zhang Haifeng , Qiu Jiajun , Wang Shaoyun , Ouyang Liping , Qiao Yuqin , Liu Xuanyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSkin wounds, especially infected chronic wounds, have attracted worldwide attention due to the high prevalence and poor treatment outcomes. Hydrogel dressings with antibacterial ability and immune regulation property are urgently required. Herein, inspired by the grinding treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, mechanical force is introduced to promote the effective molecular collision and accelerate the self‐assembly of chitosan (CS) and puerarin (PUE) for fabricating Chinese‐herb‐based hydrogels. The antibacterial rate of CS@PUE (C@P) hydrogel is more than 95%, and the wound closed rate is twice that of the control group. Interestingly, the rational design of C@P hydrogels with different PUE ratios enables a refined control over hydrogel formation, nanofiber appearance, viscoelastic, physicochemical, and biological properties. The extraordinary antibacterial ability of C@P hydrogels may originate from the nanofiber structure and the improved zeta potential on account of the orientation of amino groups in CS . Thus, the synergistically antibacterial and immune regulation properties of C@P hydrogels kill bacteria and relieve inflammation in the wound bed, ensuring the anti‐infection effect, and boosting wound healing. In addition to providing a universal mechanosynthesis of PUE‐based hydrogel for wound healing, this finding is expected to increase the attention paid to Chinese herbal medicines in the construction of biomaterials.
Dealing with inappropriate honorifics in a structured and defensible way is possible
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela , Hammer Timothy A. , Thiele Kevin R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a recent article electronically published in Taxon as a “Point of View” in 2021 (and subsequently in hardcopy as a “Perspective” in 2022), Gideon F. Smith and Estrela Figueiredo commented on the undesirability of the continued commemoration of people of severely questionable ethics, including the imperialist Cecil John Rhodes (1853–1902), in botanical nomenclature. Independently addressing a similar topic at around the same time, Timothy A. Hammer and Kevin R. Thiele published proposals to amend Articles 51 and 56 and Division III of the Code, to allow the considered rejection of culturally offensive and inappropriate names. Subsequently, widely circulated responses to Smith & Figueiredo (2022) and Hammer & Thiele (2021) severely misrepresented our positions and views. We here respond to allegations that what we proposed will damage plant nomenclature, and clarify and further substantiate our views.
Investigation of nickel sulfate‐induced cytotoxicity and underlying toxicological mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Liu Yanli , Gong Xia , Wang Juan , Wang Yongxiang , Zhang Yong , Li Tao , Yan Juan , Zhou Min , Zhang Benzhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that nickle and its compounds have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. In this study, the cytotoxic insults caused by nickel sulfate (NiSO4) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were explored by examining cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathway activity. Cultured HUVECs were treated with varying concentrations of NiSO4 (0, 62.5, 250, and 1000 μM) for 24 h. Subsequently, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathways were analyzed using biochemical assays, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. Rates of apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. The results showed that NiSO4 exerted dose‐ and time‐dependent inhibitory effects on cell growth. It induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species, the oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH ratio), and malondialdehyde levels. Further, it inhibited superoxide dismutase activity in HUVECs. Flow cytometry analysis results revealed that NiSO4 (62.5–1000 μM) could induce apoptosis in HUVECs. The protein and gene expressions of cleaved Caspase 3 and Bax were elevated, and those of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL were reduced after NiSO4 treatment. Additionally, NiSO4 triggered inflammation in HUVECs, increasing the protein and mRNA levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α and reducing those of TGF‐β. Furthermore, western blot findings revealed that NiSO4 could activate MAPK signaling pathways, upregulating p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 in HUVECs by increasing the levels of p‐P38，p‐JNK, and p‐ERK1/2 in a dose‐dependent manner. MAPK pathway inhibitors (10 μM SB203580 and 10 μM SP600125) could attenuate the NiSO4‐induced increase in apoptosis and inflammation in HUVECs. They could also attenuate the dysregulation of inflammatory factors and related proteins caused by high‐dose NiSO4 exposure. Interestingly, while the MEK inhibitor U0126 (10 μM) enhanced NiSO4‐induced apoptosis in HUVECs, it reduced cell inflammation. Taken together, these experimental results suggest that NiSO4 can inhibit cell growth, induce oxidative stress, and trigger subsequent inflammatory responses and apoptosis in HUVECs. These effects may be mediated by the P38 and JNK MAPK stress response pathways.
Nanoantidote for repression of acidosis pH promoting COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Liu Qidong , Ruan Huitong , Sheng Zhihao , Sun Xiaoru , Li Siguang , Cui Wenguo , Li Cheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcidosis, such as respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis, can be induced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and is associated with increased mortality in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. It remains unclear whether acidosis further promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients, making virus removal difficult. For antacid therapy, sodium bicarbonate poses great risks caused by sodium overload, bicarbonate side effects, and hypocalcemia. Therefore, new antacid antidote is urgently needed. Our study showed that an acidosis‐related pH of 6.8 increases SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression on the cell membrane by regulating intracellular microfilament polymerization, promoting SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infection. Based on this, we synthesized polyglutamic acid‐PEG materials, used complexation of calcium ions and carboxyl groups to form the core, and adopted biomineralization methods to form a calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3‐NPs) nanoantidote to neutralize excess hydrogen ions (H+), and restored the pH from 6.8 to approximately 7.4 (normal blood pH). CaCO3‐NPs effectively prevented the heightened SARS‐CoV‐2 infection efficiency due to pH 6.8. Our study reveals that acidosis‐related pH promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which suggests the existence of a positive feedback loop in which SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced acidosis enhances SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Therefore, antacid therapy for acidosis COVID‐19 patients is necessary. CaCO3‐NPs may become an effective antacid nanoantidote superior to sodium bicarbonate.
Evolution of single‐nucleotide polymorphism use in forensic genetics
Authors: Novroski Nicole M. M. , Cihlar Jennifer C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough short tandem repeats (STRs) are traditionally the marker of choice for traditional forensic DNA typing applications, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; pronounced “snips”) and microhaplotypes (MHs) are additional genetic marker classes than can be utilized for generating genetic profile information that may result in new investigative leads and human identity determination(s). For example, when working with DNA samples of poor quality and/or low quantity, a SNP‐based approach could be invaluable in providing investigators information about a person's ancestry and physical characteristics and could provide a viable human identification profile for comparison. In this primer, we briefly discuss the various classes and applications of SNPs and MHs to demonstrate the tremendous amount of forensically relevant information that these markers can provide forensic investigations.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Interpretation of Biological Evidence
Forensic Biology > Ancestry Determination using DNA Methods
Forensic Biology > Phenotypic Markers
Reproductive health information‐seeking: Predictors and perceived barriers among young Peruvian women
Authors: Garcia Cosavalente Hilda Patricia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study examined the main predictors and perceived barriers to reproductive health information seeking by young Peruvian women. Using an online survey, young Peruvian women aged 18–26 years old were invited to participate voluntarily in this study. The Comprehensive Model of Information seeking from Johnson and Meischke (1993) was tested. This model indicates that demographics, direct experience, salience, and beliefs predict utility of information sources. The model also suggests that information‐carrier characteristics (perceived trust and perceived utility) could influence health information seeking. Hypotheses related to these variables were tested. An important addition to the model was perceived barriers, which are considered critical factors in the Peruvian context because of the taboo related to sexual and reproductive health. Path analysis with manifest variables was used to test the best fit between the data and the hypothesized model. Data analysis showed mixed results, drawing attention to the direct effects of personal factors on health information seeking.
QNX6
Authors: Meyer Conrad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe QNX6 filesystem is present in Smartphones delivered by Blackberry (e.g. Devices that are using Blackberry 10) and modern vehicle infotainment systems that use QNX as their operating system. In 2015 QNX as an OS was used in over 50 million vehicles [6] and can hence be considered as one of the most important operating systems in the automotive world. Today’s digital forensics tools don’t recover a lot from this filesystem, have difficulties with different block sizes, or even don’t support the filesystem at all. So it’s crucial for the forensic examiner to understand the principles of this filesystem used. This chapter gives an overview of how the filesystem generally stores the files and metadata to give the examiner the chance to get the most information out of the evidence.
Stimmungsbild des ärztlichen Nachwuchses in der Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe in Norddeutschland
Authors: Scharf Jann Lennard , Bringewatt Arne , Dracopoulos Christoph , Rody Achim , Gembicki Michael 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der ärztliche Nachwuchs hat disruptive Effekte und macht auch vor dem Fach Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe nicht halt. Noch fokussiert sich der Diskurs auf die Generation Y (1980–1994). Um dem Nachwuchs ein konstruktives Arbeitsumfeld zu bieten, drängt die Zeit. Es gilt, sich dessen Anforderungen an ein solches zu vergegenwärtigen.

Zielsetzung
Erfassen des Stimmungsbilds des ärztlichen Nachwuchses in der Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe mit anschließender Ableitung praxisrelevanter Aspekte unter Berücksichtigung der künftig dominierenden Generation Z (1995–2009).

Methoden
Von Januar bis Oktober 2021 wurde eine deskriptive Querschnittserhebung des ärztlichen Nachwuchses ausbildender Kliniken im Fach Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe durchgeführt. Es wurden 81 Fragen zu 6 Themen online abgefragt.

Ergebnis
Ausgewertet wurden 122 Fragebögen (n = 122): 28 % (n = 33) schätzen die Arbeitsbelastung als sehr hoch, 56 % (n = 67) als hoch ein. Zwei Drittel (n = 81) arbeiten wöchentlich 40–59 h. Den Anteil delegierbarer Tätigkeiten beziffern 67 % (n = 80) auf > 25 %. 88 % (n = 105) verbringen 25–75 % der täglichen Arbeitszeit mit Dokumentieren. 92 % (n = 109) wünschen sich regelmäßige Ober- bzw. Chefarztvisiten, 81 % (n = 95) beurteilen die Weiterbildung schlechter als gut. Für 32 % (n = 38) besteht ein ausgeglichenes Verhältnis zwischen Gesundheit und Beruf, 25 % (n = 29) beurteilen die Arbeitsbedingungen als familienfreundlich, und 88 % (n = 102) wären bereit, bei anhaltender Unzufriedenheit den Arbeitgeber zu wechseln.

Schlussfolgerung
Den Nachwuchs dominieren Forderungen nach Weiterbildung, Teilzeit, Sinnhaftigkeit, Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf, Wertschätzung und Selbstfürsorge. Lösungskonzepte, um diesen gerecht zu werden, stünden zur Verfügung.
Availability of Operative Surgical Experience and Supervision for Competency‐Based Education: A Review of A General Surgery Program at A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Siddiqui Nadeem , Siddiqui Tayyab , Shariff Amir , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Ahmed Mushtaq 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn view of importance for competency‐based education (CBE), we undertook a self‐study to elicit the available operative surgical workload and supervision for residents in the general surgical residency program at the teaching hospital in Karachi.MethodologyThis was a cross‐sectional study spanning a 5‐year period between January 2015 and December 2019. The numbers of surgical residents during this period were identified. Five procedures were selected as core general surgical procedures: incision and drainage of superficial abscess, laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open inguinal hernia repair, and perianal procedures. Trends of the number of residents per year and the numbers of procedures per year were determined. The mean number of core procedures per eligible resident during their entire training was calculated to represent potential operative surgical experience and were benchmarked. The ratio of the average number of residents rotating in general surgery per year to the number of attending surgeons was determined as a measure of available supervision.ResultThe mean total number of general surgical residents per year was 31.2 (range 28–35). The numbers of core general surgical procedures were consistent over the years of study. Potential exposure of eligible residents to each core procedure during their entire training was: 19.5 cases for incision and drainage of superficial abscess; 89 cases for laparoscopic appendectomy; 113.6 for inguinal hernia repair, 267.5 for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 64.5 for perianal procedures. The average yearly residents to full‐time attending surgeons’ ratio was 2.5. The workload of core general surgical procedures at AKUH was higher than the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) recommended volumes for operative surgical experience for residents in the US.ConclusionThis method of assessing the potential of a surgical program for transitioning to CBE appears practical and can be generalized.
Tailored Strategy for Dissecting the Glissonean Pedicle in Laparoscopic Right Posterior Sectionectomy: Extrahepatic, Intrahepatic, and Transfissural Glissonean Approaches (with Video)
Authors: Lee Min Jung , Kim Ji Hoon , Jang Je‐Ho 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelective inflow control of the liver is important to identify the ischemic transection boundary and reduce blood loss during liver resection. The Glissonean approach is a widely used inflow control method that can be divided into three types: extrahepatic, intrahepatic, and transfissural Glissonean approaches. This report describes the tailored strategy and technical details of the three Glissonean approaches in laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy.MethodsBased on the ramification type of the right posterior Glissonean pedicle (RPGP), anatomical variation, and technical feasibility, the particular Glissonean approach was selected. Extrahepatic Glissonean approach: The entering gap between the Glissonean pedicle and Laennec's capsule was entered. Without liver parenchymal transection, the RPGP was dissected extrahepatically. Intrahepatic Glissonean approach: The parenchymal transection between the right side of the cystic plate and Rouviere's sulcus was dissected. With minor parenchymal transection, the RPGP was dissected intrahepatically. Transfissural Glissonean approach: Parenchymal transection along the right portal fissure was performed. With major parenchymal transection along the right portal fissure, the RPGP was dissected transparenchymally.ResultsEighteen patients underwent laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy (lap‐RPS) using the Glissonean approach: extrahepatic (n = 11), intrahepatic (n = 5), and transfissural (n = 2) Glissonean approaches. The median operation time was 270 min (range, 190–310 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 130 mL (range, 30–700 mL). Postoperative morbidity occurred in three patients (16.7%). There were no deaths.ConclusionThe feasibility and safety of the Glissonean approach in lap‐RPS could be increased through appropriate selection of extrahepatic, intrahepatic, and transfissural Glissonean approaches.
Resolving dyskinesias at sustained anti-OCD efficacy by steering of DBS away from the anteromedial STN to the mesencephalic ventral tegmentum – case report
Authors: Coenen Volker A. , Schlaepfer Thomas E. , Meyer Dora , Kilian Hannah , Spanier Susanne , Sajonz Bastian E. A. , Reinacher Peter C. , Reisert Marco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Here we describe therapeutic results in a female patient who underwent bilateral slMFB DBS for OCD. During a 35-month long course of stimulation, she suffered from stimulation-induced dyskinesia of her right leg which we interpreted as co-stimulation of the adjacent anteromedial subthalamic nucleus (amSTN). After reprogramming to steer the stimulation away from the amSTN medial into the direction of the mesencephalic ventral tegmentum (MVT which contains the ventral tegmental area, VTA), the dyskinesias disappeared. Remarkably, anti-OCD efficacy in the presented patient was preserved and achieved with a bilateral stimulation which by our imaging study fully avoided the amSTN.
Soaring and intermittent flap-gliding during migratory flights of Northern Bald Ibis
Authors: Wehner Helena , Fritz Johannes , Voelkl Bernhard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMigratory journeys represent an energetic challenge for many long-distance migrants. The choice of flight times, migration route, altitude, travelling speed, wingbeat patterns, soaring as well as formation flight can all affect the energy expenditure for the journey. We monitored the flight patterns of two Northern Bald Ibises (Geronticus eremita) equipped with data loggers while crossing the Alps during a human-led migration from southern Germany to Tuscany. We observed that the birds used an intermittent flapping pattern, where phases of active flapping flight were regularly interrupted by short gliding phases. As a result of intermittent flight, the effective wing beat frequency was 13–20% lower than the observed wing beat frequency of 4.0 s−1. When local conditions allowed, the birds gained altitude through circling in thermal updrafts. During those circling bouts, gliding on the outstretched wing was predominant, though active wing flapping was still observed. Overall, the two birds spent 19 and 22% of the time soaring on the outstretched wing, accruing during that time 26 and 28% of the altitude gain required for the crossing of a major mountain range. This shows that, apart from formation flight, northern bald ibis use at least two more strategies—thermal soaring and intermittent flap-gliding—for improving energy economy during migratory flights.
MPM modelling of debris flow entrainment and interaction with an upstream flexible barrier
Authors: Vicari Hervé , Tran Quoc Anh , Nordal Steinar , Thakur Vikas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlexible barriers may be installed upstream in debris flow channels to reduce entrainment of bed material. Simulating both the entrainment and the impact on a barrier by the same numerical tool remains challenging. For this purpose, a three-dimensional one-phase material point method (MPM) software is used herein to back-calculate two large-scale flume experiments. These experiments were conducted to measure the entrainment of an erodible bed and the impact on a flexible barrier. To simulate the entrainment of the wet bed, a Mohr–Coulomb softening model is introduced. In the model, the apparent friction angle of the bed material decreases as a function of the distortional strain, effectively reproducing the pore pressure increase observed in the experiments. From the tests and the numerical simulations, we identify two main mechanisms leading to entrainment: (i) the direct rubbing and colliding effect of the flow on to the bed and (ii) a significant bed shear strength reduction. Concerning the first mechanism, existing models only consider the rubbing of the bed surface by a shear stress parallel to the slope. However, we observe that a ploughing-type erosion occurs due to normal stresses acting on the bed in the flow direction. The additional ploughing explains why beds which are mechanically stronger than the flow can also be partly entrained. Larger entrainment volumes are found when the bed material loses shear strength due to pore pressure buildup that eventually leads to a self-propelled entrainment where the bed no longer has frictional strength to carry its own weight.
An empirical study of preprocessing techniques with convolutional neural networks for accurate detection of chronic ocular diseases using fundus images
Authors: Mayya Veena , S Sowmya Kamath , Kulkarni Uma , Surya Divyalakshmi Kaiyoor , Acharya U Rajendra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic Ocular Diseases (COD) such as myopia, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataract can affect the eye and may even lead to severe vision impairment or blindness. According to a recent World Health Organization (WHO) report on vision, at least 2.2 billion individuals worldwide suffer from vision impairment. Often, overt signs indicative of COD do not manifest until the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. However, if COD is detected early, vision impairment can be avoided by early intervention and cost-effective treatment. Ophthalmologists are trained to detect COD by examining certain minute changes in the retina, such as microaneurysms, macular edema, hemorrhages, and alterations in the blood vessels. The range of eye conditions is diverse, and each of these conditions requires a unique patient-specific treatment. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated significant potential in multi-disciplinary fields, including the detection of a variety of eye diseases. In this study, we combined several preprocessing approaches with convolutional neural networks to accurately detect COD in eye fundus images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that provides a qualitative analysis of preprocessing approaches for COD classification using CNN models. Experimental results demonstrate that CNNs trained on the region of interest segmented images outperform the models trained on the original input images by a substantial margin. Additionally, an ensemble of three preprocessing techniques outperformed other state-of-the-art approaches by 30% and 3%, in terms of Kappa and F1 scores, respectively. The developed prototype has been extensively tested and can be evaluated on more comprehensive COD datasets for deployment in the clinical setup.