bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio Fabrication of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using Dillenia indica (Elephant apple) Core extract and its Antimicrobial properties.
Authors: Hussain Sameer , Agarwala Satyakam , Sharma Deboja , Suiam Gwyneth Rachel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

At present, the focus on bringing change via green synthesis of nanoparticles is peak field in research and development. In this study, biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from fruit gel extracts of Dillenia indica natively known as "ou tenga" is used as a key reducing agents and reported as eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effectiveness. The Characterization for synthesized nanoparticles were done by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles were exclusively ZnO, beaned shape with dimensions scaling from 12 nm to 15 nm. In current work, the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have been engaged for antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of characterized samples was determined using different concentrations of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml, and 50 ml against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-BAA976) and fungi Aspergillus niger (ATCC-10535) 50 ml via well diffusion technique, grown using broth incubation method. The analysis revealed that the bacterial inhibition escalates with increasing concentration of bio derived - ZnO nanoparticles. Likewise, fungi Aspergillus niger was apparently sensitive to a set proportion of the nanoparticles. In this research, the idea of amalgamating beneficiary gel with ZnO retaining the biochemical properties of the gel, post-synthesis, combining the theme of tradition and science, this can play a crucial role in the eliminating prime skin infection and dandruff causing microbes, and use in some sort of cosmetic and skin health products.
Predictors of depression and suicidal behaviors among in-school adolescents in Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: IGHAEDE-EDWARDS Isabella G. , ALLOGO Idriss François NTSAME , LIU Xiaoqun , BOUNDA Guy Armel , DAVID-OLAWADE Aanuoluwapo CLEMENT , OLAWADE David B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim: This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of depression and suicidal behavior among secondary school adolescents in Edo State, Nigeria.
Subject and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 621 in-school adolescents, selected through multistage random sampling. Depression and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Statistical analyses, including chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and logistic regression, explored correlations, with significance set at p < 0.05
Results: Among participants, 26.09% reported mild depressive symptoms, while 10.9% exhibited moderate-to-severe symptoms; 6.1% had suicidal ideation. Depression risk factors included school type, residential area, and frequency of parental discipline. Adolescents in public schools had a 5.03 times higher likelihood of depression compared to their private school counterparts (AOR: 5.03; CI: 2.02–12.54), and those frequently disciplined by parents were 3.18 times more likely to experience depression (OR: 3.18; CI: 1.30–7.81). Senior students showed a higher risk of suicidal behavior (OR: 0.15; CI: 0.07–0.34), as did those in public schools (OR: 3.67; CI: 1.70–8.37) and those frequently punished (OR: 6.67; CI: 2.15–20.73). Depression and suicidality were strongly correlated (p ≤ 0.01).
Conclusion: The notable rates of depression and suicidal behavior in Nigerian adolescents underscore the need for targeted mental health interventions. Establishing support structures and policy interventions in schools and communities could help identify and support at-risk adolescents, reducing the risk of adverse mental health outcomes.
Influence of Time of Day, Breaks, and Physical Activity on Injuries in Recreational Alpine Skiers
Authors: Kolarić Dinko , Kolarić Ana , Sirovec Domagoj , Ružić Lana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to identify significant risk factors contributing to injuries in recreational alpine skiers using a validated questionnaire.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Methods: Participants were categorized into two groups: the injured group (N = 212) and the uninjured group (N = 206). The injured skiers completed a questionnaire that identified potential risk factors, while the control group answered the same questionnaire, excluding injury-related questions. General questions were used to assess the likelihood of injury and additional questions for the injured group helped evaluate injury severity using the Injury Severity Score (ISS).
Results: The analysis revealed several key risk factors. Skiers aged over 40 years were identified as a higher-risk group. Women were found to experience more severe injuries and had a higher incidence of knee injuries. The highest risk of injury was observed on the third day of skiing, with injuries most likely occurring between noon and 2 p.m. Additionally, injuries were more frequent after three hours of skiing. An increase in the average duration of breaks was associated with a 14% reduction in the likelihood of injury for every additional 10 minutes of break time. Body mass index (BMI), regular physical training throughout the year, regardless of the duration or intensity of the training, and warming up before skiing did not significantly reduce injury risk or affect injury severity.
Conclusions: Gender, age, time of day, skiing duration, and break duration are identified as significant potential risk factors for injuries in recreational alpine skiing.
Polypharmacy and pharmacogenomics in high-acuity behavioral health care for autism spectrum disorder: A retrospective study
Authors: Garrison Sheldon R. , Schweinert Sophie A. , Boyer Matthew W. , Singh Maharaj , Vadapalli Sreya , Engelmann Jeffery M. , Schwartz Rachel A. , Hartig Madeline M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study evaluated pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD frequently presents with co-occurring depression and anxiety. This complex phenotype often results in psychotropic medication polypharmacy. Incorporating PGx testing into the medical work-up may reduce polypharmacy and improve quality of life with symptom reduction.
Methods
A retrospective electronic health record review between January 2017 to May 2023. Individuals either received PGx testing or treatment as usual (TAU). The co-primary outcomes were polypharmacy and the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q). Secondary outcomes included length of stay and assessments measuring severity or behavioral impact.
Results
A total of 99 individuals with ASD were analyzed. At the time of admission, 93% of individuals were prescribed at least one psychotropic medication and over half of these individuals were prescribed medications with potential gene-drug interactions. Following PGx testing, there was an overall reduction in prescribed medications with a potential gene-drug interaction. Quality of life and symptom assessments of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder and body-focused repetitive behaviors revealed similar improvements in the PGx and TAU groups. Subanalysis comparing congruent (“use as directed”) or incongruent (“use with caution”), as well as analysis of only CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene-drug interactions, were observed to have a similar profile.
Conclusion
Combinatorial PGx testing was utilized as a clinical decision-making tool for medication selection and dosage adjustment. As a result, all treatment groups were able to achieve similar levels of polypharmacy, improvement in quality of life and symptom reduction.
Management and Outcome of a 14-Week-6-Day Ruptured Interstitial Ectopic Pregnancy with Intact Amniotic Sac in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Achangwa Chabeja , Cheuyem Fabrice Zobel Lekeumo , Nche Charlotte Bih , Buhari Shanunu Mohamed , Ateh Stanislas Ketum 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: Interstitial ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, accounting only for 2 to 3 % of cases. The mortality rate is 6-7 times higher than that in classic ectopic pregnancy. Most cases of interstitial ectopic pregnancy always present with rupture due to the challenges of clinical and radiologic diagnosis. Surgery remains the treatment of choice when rupture and hemodynamic instability occur. This report aimed at presenting a very rare case of ruptured interstitial ectopic pregnancy.
Case Presentation: A 27-year-old sub–Saharan African woman presented to our health facility with cramping abdominal pain associated with vomiting, fatigue, and dizziness. She was diagnosed with an advanced ruptured interstitial ectopic pregnancy at 14 weeks 6 days with a pelvic ultrasound. A laparotomy was done, and her recovery was uneventful.
Conclusion: Interstitial ectopic pregnancy remains a rare type of ectopic pregnancy that is rarely reported, let alone extending beyond the early second trimester. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are essential to prevent life-threatening complications. This case highlights the importance of integrating clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings in the diagnosis of advanced ectopic pregnancy.
Research on ZWD Forecasting Model Based on Improved Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Lin He , Hong Wang , Hui Zhang , Wenjie Peng , Bao Zhang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

When electromagnetic wave signals from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) pass through the troposphere, they are impeded by atmospheric conditions, thereby affecting positioning efficiency. The atmosphere is rich in water vapor information, which can typically be studied quantitatively through tropospheric zenith wet delay (ZWD). Therefore, high-precision forecasting models of ZWD are of significant research importance in GNSS positioning enhancement, weather forecasting, and water vapor inversion. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm has advantages in terms of improving accuracy, resistance to overfitting, and assessing feature importance. Aiming at the complex spatiotemporal patterns of global ZWD and the difficulty in establishing high-precision models, this paper develops a high-precision ZWD forecasting model based on the RF algorithm. In this study, we processed global ZWD data from 2021 to 2024, studied the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ZWD from 2021 to 2023, analyzed the spatial distribution patterns and temporal variation trends of ZWD, and the time series data of ZWD was used as input for the RF algorithm to construct a global ZWD forecasting model, plotted the testing set prediction results, regression charts, error histograms, feature importance diagrams, and error curves, and calculated precision indicators such as mean absolute error, root mean square error, mean percentage error, and coefficient of determination to comprehensively evaluate the model's accuracy. The results indicate that the ZWD forecasting model based on the RF algorithm has a higher accuracy in the equatorial region, with an optimal value reaching 96.14%. When predicting for stations worldwide, the testing set's mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are all relatively small, while the R2 value is comparatively large, with average values of 1.623 cm, 2.146 cm, 19.478%, and 0.691, respectively. Compared to similar models, the new model developed in this study shows a significantly improved forecasting performance. In the current landscape of ZWD forecasting models, there is a scarcity of models that offer global coverage and extended forecast durations. The model developed in this study is capable of providing one-month ahead forecasts for ZWD across the globe, thereby providing theoretical and data support for the establishment of additional long-term global forecasting models in the future.
Preproinsulin-specific regulatory T cell-derived exosomes loaded with immune checkpoint ligands can suppress autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Basak Preetam , Dayal Devi , Bhadada Sanjay , Kumar Rakesh , Sachdeva Naresh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, caused by selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells, mediated mainly by infiltrating CD8 + T cells. These CD8 + T cells also express immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) which can be targeted by specific immune checkpoint ligands (ICLs) as well as beta cell-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) to induce immunosuppression.
Methods
We first performed profiling of various ICMs on the peripheral CD8 + T cells in 40 recent-onset T1D and 20 age-matched healthy subjects by flow cytometry. Tregs were isolated from the same subjects and stimulated with preproinsulin (PPI) in vitro to generate PPI-specific Tregs. Exosomes were isolated from PPI-specific Tregs and characterized by western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, and particle size analysis. Based on flow cytometry data, we chose ICLs binding to the 3 most abundant ICMs (PD-1, TIGIT, BTLA) expressed on the peripheral CD8 + T cells for loading exosomes. The loading of ICLs was optimized by sonication and ICL-loaded exosomes (PPI-T-EXOL) were recharacterized. The PPI-T-EXOL and Tregs infused with PPI-T-EXOL were assessed separately in suppressing T cell proliferation, activation of autologous PPI-pulsed CD8 + T cells, and beta cell protection. Finally, mice-specific PPI-T-EXOL were administered in STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice to inhibit T1D pathogenesis.
Results
The PPI-T-EXOL showed similar size and stability as naive exosomes and the efficiency of incorporation of ICL on PPI-Treg exosomes was almost 50%. The PPI-T-EXOL inhibited the proliferation of autologous CD8 + and CD4 + T cells in vitro. The PPI-T-EXOL and PPI-Tregs infused with PPI-T-EXOL showed significant suppression of perforin, granzyme B, and IFN-gamma and activation markers, C69 and CD71 in autologous PPI-pulsed CD8 + T cells. The PPI-T-EXOL-infused Tregs also protected pancreatic beta cells (1.1B4 cell line) from CD8 + T cell-mediated apoptosis. Further, in STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice, the mice-specific PPI-T-EXOL delayed the onset of hyperglycemia, particularly when administered before the onset of diabetes. The treatment with PPI-T-EXOL partially controlled hyperglycemia, prolonged survival, reduced perivascular intra-islet lymphocytic infiltration, and greater preservation of beta cells.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that PPI-Treg-derived exosomes loaded with ICL can suppress beta cell-specific T cell responses, offering a promising therapeutic intervention in T1D.
HuD and Alpha-crystallin A Axis Protects Neuro-Retinal Cells in Early Diabetes
Authors: Kim Chongtae , Oh Subeen , Park Young-Hoon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes; however, neuro-retinal degeneration is also observed in patients with diabetes without signs of DR. The mechanisms leading to neuro-retinal cell loss before vascular complications manifest in diabetes remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the neuronal RNA-binding protein HuD as a novel regulator of neuro-retinal degeneration in the early stage of diabetes. We determined the expression of HuD and alpha-crystallin A (CRYAA) in the retinal ganglion cell layer. HuD and CRYAA were down-regulated in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in neuro-retinal cells (R-28) treated with high glucose. Cryaa mRNA was identified as a novel target transcript of HuD, and we demonstrated that HuD post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of Cryaa mRNA by binding to its 3′-untranslated region. Silencing and overexpression of HuD positively regulated the expressions of Cryaa mRNA and protein. We demonstrated that the increase in inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in R-28 cells under hyperglycemic conditions was a result of both CRYAA and HuD levels. Silencing HuD and CRYAA enhanced high glucose-induced R-28 cell death, whereas their overexpression alleviated this effect. HuD post-transcriptionally regulates CRYAA expression, influencing the function and viability of neuro-retinal cells under diabetic conditions. Our results suggest that the HuD/CRYAA axis plays a crucial role in neuro-retinal cells and has the potential to serve as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target for diabetic neuro-retinal degeneration.
Low-frequency oscillations in the magnetic nozzle of a Helicon Plasma Thruster
Authors: Maddaloni Davide , Bayón-Buján Borja , Navarro-Cavallé Jaume , Terragni Filippo , Merino Mario 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Oscillations within the plume of a Helicon Plasma Thruster are experimentally characterized. An array of electrically-floating probes is used to resolve the power spectral density, the coherence, and the wavevector components along both the azimuthal and parallel directions relative to the magnetic field, at various locations and for two mass flow rates. Two main features are identified: a very low-frequency (~4 kHz), global oscillation mode, attributed to an ionization instability in the source; and a broadband, low-coherence, essentially-azimuthal, ion-acoustic-like spectrum at <200 kHz. Within this range, a mild peak of larger coherence is found ~50 kHz, followed by a weak secondary peak at ~100 kHz at some locations. A bi-coherence analysis discards any nonlinear interaction within the <1 MHz band. However, significant coupling is found between the broadband fluctuations and the Helicon driving frequency of 13.56 MHz, which suggests that the former are likely the result of a parametric decay instability.
System biology based integrative analysis to predict early biomarkers for COVID-related MIS in children
Authors: Verma Awadhesh Kumar , Singh Tanya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has introduced unparalleled difficulties, including the appearance of a rare but serious condition in children referred to as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). This syndrome, marked by an overactive immune response resulting in extensive inflammation throughout various organ systems, has underscored the pressing necessity for predictive biomarkers to enhance early diagnosis and treatment. This research aimed to fill this gap using a comprehensive bioinformatics approach, applying fold-change and adjusted p-value techniques to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DESeq2 was utilized to enhance these biomarkers, ensuring a strong and precise selection procedure. To accurately predict MIS-C biomarkers, numerous machine learning classifiers were evaluated, and the Random Forest model excelled compared to the rest. It showed a significant accuracy of 0.81 for moderate DEGs, confirming its appropriateness for biomarker prediction in COVID-19-related MIS-C. The results highlight the strength of computational biology in understanding the molecular processes associated with intricate conditions such as MIS-C, facilitating focused exploration of treatment approaches. Through in silico analysis and visualisation, a particular drug ligand named Methylprednisolone came out to an ideal candidate that shows favourable binding affinity with the genes deduced from ML analysis. This study not only clarifies the pathophysiology of MIS-C but also opens avenues for utilizing advanced statistical and machine learning techniques in clinical studies. By connecting computational and clinical fields, this study marks an important advancement in reducing the effects of severe COVID-19-related issues in children.
Long-term Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Staged Hybrid Myocardial Revascularization in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Shevchenko Yury Leonidovich , Ermakov Dmitry Yuryevich , Borshchev Gleb Gennadievich , Vakhrameeva Anastasia Yuryevna , Ulbashev Daniil Sergeevich 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains a critical health concern both in Russia and globally. Surgical interventions, such as Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) and coronary stenting, are commonly used to address IHD. However, in certain cases, single-stage complete revascularization may not be feasible. Hybrid Coronary Revascularization (HCR), a technique combining CABG with subsequent endovascular interventions, offers a potential solution to this challenge.

Purpose
This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of surgical myocardial revascularization using CABG vs. staged HCR.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective, single-center, cohort, non-randomized study included 95 patients with IHD who underwent myocardial revascularization at the Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center between 2017 and 2021. Group I (n=45) consisted of patients who received complete myocardial revascularization through CABG. Group II (n=50) comprised patients who underwent Hybrid Myocardial Revascularization (HMR), with CABG followed by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). The median interval between CABG and PCI in Group II was 32.1±15.7 days.

Results
Intraoperatively, the total procedure duration significantly differed between the groups, with Group I (CABG) having a mean duration of 242.8±45.9 min compared with 310±55.8 min in Group II (HMR) P<0.001). During the perioperative period, the need for inotropic support differed significantly between the groups (24.4% in group I, 8.0% in group II P=0.028). No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the length of stay in the intensive care unit, the number of blood transfusions required, or the incidence of Myocardial Infarctions (MI), postoperative bleeding, or strokes. With a mean follow-up period of 755±286 days, the frequency of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACEs) did not differ significantly between the two groups. The rate of Venous Graft Failure (VGF) was also comparable, with 18 cases (22.8%) in Group I and 6 cases (18.8%) in Group II (P=NS). Meanwhile, group II demonstrated a higher incidence of restenosis with 2 cases [10.5%] vs. 10 cases [16.1%], P=0.023) over the 24-month follow-up. Early and long-term postoperative mortality rates were similar between the groups, with no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion
The efficacy and safety of standard CABG with extensive myocardial revascularization possible and the staged hybrid approach are comparable in the surgical treatment of patients with diffuse Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).