bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteohistological characterization of notosuchian osteoderms: Evidence for an overlying thick leathery layer of skin
Authors: Sena Mariana Valéria de Araújo , Marinho Thiago da Silva , Montefeltro Felipe Chinaglia , Langer Max Cardoso , Fachini Thiago Schineider , Nava William Roberto , Pinheiro André Eduardo Piacentini , de Araújo Esaú Victor , Aubier Paul , de Andrade Rafael César Lima Pedroso , Sayão Juliana Manso , de Oliveira Gustavo Ribeiro , Cubo Jorge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOsteoderms are mineralized structures embedded in the dermis, known for nonavian archosaurs, squamates, xenarthrans, and amphibians. Herein, we compared the osteoderm histology of Brazilian Notosuchia of Cretaceous age using three neosuchians for comparative purposes. Microanatomical analyses showed that most of them present a diploe structure similar to those of other pseudosuchians, lizards, and turtles. This structure contains two cortices (the external cortex composed of an outer and an inner layers, and the basal cortex) and a core in‐between them. Notosuchian osteoderms show high bone compactness (>0.85) with varying degrees of cancellous bone in the core. The neosuchian Guarinisuchus shows the lowest bone compactness with a well‐developed cancellous layer. From an ontogenetic perspective, most tissues are formed through periosteal ossification, although the mineralized tissues observed in baurusuchid LPRP/USP 0634 suggest a late metaplastic development. Histology suggests that the ossification center of notosuchian osteoderm is located at the keel. Interestingly, we identified Sharpey's fibers running perpendicularly to the outer layer of the external cortex in Armadillosuchus arrudai, Itasuchus jesuinoi, and Baurusuchidae (LPRP/USP 0642). This feature indicates a tight attachment within the dermis, and it is evidence for the presence of an overlying thick leathery layer of skin over these osteoderms. These data allow a better understanding of the osteohistological structure of crocodylomorph dermal bones, and highlight their structural diversity. We suggest that the vascular canals present in some sampled osteoderms connecting the inner layer of the external cortex and the core with the external surface may increase osteoderm surface and the capacity of heat transfer in terrestrial notosuchians.
Summer elk calf survival in a partially migratory population
Authors: Berg Jodi E. , Eacker Daniel R. , Hebblewhite Mark , Merrill Evelyn H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDecomposing variation in juvenile recruitment is a key component of understanding population dynamics for partially migratory ungulates. We investigated reproductive parameters of adult female elk (Cervus canadensis) with calves at heel, and survivorship, cause‐specific mortality, and intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting risk of mortality for calves in a partially migratory elk population from 2013–2016 in Alberta, Canada. Elk calves born to resident mothers had 45% lower survivorship on average compared to migrant calves (0.24 vs. 0.69) and nearly twice the mortality rate (0.37 vs. 0.19) from bears (Ursus spp.), the dominant source of mortality. Contrary to our predictions, we found that increasing levels of maternal ingesta‐free body fat were associated with increasing risk of calf mortality, indicating predation may have overwhelmed nutritional effects. We found no evidence that timing of calf birth or birth weight differed between migratory tactics or influenced mortality risk. We found that as percentage of cut forest increased, risk of calf mortality marginally decreased, which benefited migrant elk that were exposed to more clear‐cuts compared to residents. Exposure to bear predation risk was unimportant during the hiding phase (≤10 days after birth) for either migratory tactic, presumably because neonatal hiding behavior reduced vulnerability. In contrast, bear predation risk was important for mortality risk after 10 days in age, especially for resident elk calves, which were exposed to higher bear predation risk compared to migrants. We conclude that relative differences in bear predation between migratory tactics are contributing to the dynamics of partial migration in this population through additive effects on calf mortality. Thus, wildlife managers should anticipate that recovering grizzly bear (U. arctos) populations may substantially lower elk recruitment through effects on summer calf survival, especially in areas with diverse carnivore assemblages.
Elevated intramuscular adipose tissue content with a high Ishak fibrosis stage (>3) had a negative effect on liver regeneration in cirrhotic patients undergoing portal vein embolization
Authors: Huang Yu‐Ling , Huang Meng‐Chuan , Chang Chiao‐I , Yang Li‐Hwa , Wu Chia‐Jen , Chiu Chien‐Chih , Chen Chiao‐Yun , Hsu Jui‐Sheng , Lee King‐Teh , Chang Wen‐Tsan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between body composition parameters and changes in future liver remnant volume (FLRV) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing portal vein embolization (PVE) in preparation for right hepatectomy. This retrospective study enrolled 21 patients between May 2013 and October 2020. Body composition parameters, including skeletal muscle attenuation (SMA), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC), and visceral‐to‐subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR), were measured by computed tomography (CT) prior to PVE. Liver volumetry was measured before and at least 5 weeks after PVE. The mean interval between two CT volumetries was 9.1 ± 4.9 weeks, the mean value of increase in FLRV (ΔFLRV) was 236.0 ± 118.3 cm3, the ratio of increased FLRV (ΔFLRV%) was 55.7 ± 29.4%, and the rate of increased FLRV was 31.0 ± 18.8 (cm3/week). Subjects with high IMAC showed significantly lower (p = 0.044) ΔFLRV% than those with normal IMAC. Furthermore, ΔFLRV% was linearly reduced (p for trend = 0.043) among those with low Ishak fibrosis stage (<3) + normal IMAC (76.1 ± 36.8%), those with low Ishak fibrosis stage (<3) + high IMAC or high Ishak fibrosis stage (>3) + normal IMAC (54.0 ± 24.1%), and those with high Ishak fibrosis stage (>3) + low IMAC (28.7 ± 1.6%) (p for trend = 0.043). Our data indicated that high IMAC with a high Ishak fibrosis stage (>3) had a significant negative effect on ΔFLRV%.
Livestock exclusion enhances shrub encroachment in an alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Shi Huijin , Jiang Shengjing , Bian Jianghui , He Jin‐Sheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau alpine grassland is experiencing shrub encroachment, which threatens the livelihoods of local nomads. Livestock exclusion management policies have also been implemented in this grassland. It has been predicted that shrubs here will likely encroach after long‐term yak elimination, but this inference is not supported by a manipulation experiment. To determine how shrubs respond to livestock grazing cessation, we investigated Potentilla fruticose L. characteristics and properties of herbs and soil in a ‘livestock exclusion‐free grazing’ system with exclosure experiments of 9, 17, and 23 years in the northeast region of the Plateau. We showed that each characteristic of shrub growth and reproduction was significantly greater in exclosures than in control plots, and shrub properties enhancements by livestock exclusion increased over time. We further found that this livestock exclusion induced‐shrub encroachment was related not only to the exclusion of livestock's direct disturbances but also to the competitive advantage gain of shrubs through plant–plant interactions and improvement of resources in deep soil for shrubs. Given the negative influences of shrub encroachment, especially lowering rangeland quality, livestock exclusion management in alpine grasslands should be used with caution.
3D Printed Multifunctional Self‐Adhesive and Conductive Polyacrylamide/Chitosan/Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose/CNT Hydrogels as Flexible Sensors
Authors: Hao Feiyue , Maimaitiyiming Xieraili , Sun Shuang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract3D printing of hydrogels with improved mechanical properties will play an important role in many fields in the future. Polyacrylamide with controllable reaction conditions and chitosan with increased mechanical strength are chosen to prepare hybrid hydrogels with high mechanical properties (elongation >2000%). The addition of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose enables this hydrogel system to have excellent rheological properties for 3D printing. The samples prepared by 3D printing technology have larger elongation (>1000%) and higher elastic modulus (141.99 kPa). Carbon nanotube‐added composite hydrogels can be used to fabricate flexible electronic devices with diverse functions and structures. The prepared sensor can detect the signals of human movement (joint movement, breathing, drinking water), and has a sensitive signal response in the range of 12–67 °C. In addition, this sensor can also be extended to the application of NH3 gas signal sensing. Due to the stable performance and long service life of conductive multifunctional hydrogels, the application potential of hydrogel sensors will be further increased. In conclusion, this simple‐prepared 3D‐printable high‐mechanical‐performance hydrogel with multiple network crosslinks has a favorable competitive advantage in future flexible material applications.
Mimicking Enzymatic Non‐Covalent Interactions with Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks for Improved Adsorption and Hydrolysis of Cellobiose
Authors: Lan Pui Ching , Zhang Yin , Zhang Weijie , Ge Xueying , Ma Shengqian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTuning catalytic centers in heterogeneous catalyst, both in a chemical and a spatial manner, is a powerful approach to improve the stability and the efficiency of catalysts. While the chemical aspects are largely understood, the spatial interactions around active sites, comprised of non‐covalent interactions, are difficult to maintain and challenging to study. Herein, the unique properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are utilized to establish an ideal reaction environment for the hydrolysis of cellobiose and other common disaccharides in mild, metal‐free, and neutral aqueous conditions. The chosen COF, HCl‐PSA‐IM‐COF‐OMe (“HCl” for hydrochloric acid, “PSA” for propyl sulfonic acid, “IM” for imidazole, and “OMe” for methoxy), is modified to be ultra‐stable in aqueous conditions and possesses sulfonic acid groups for general acid catalysis and for enhanced hydrogen bonding with reactants as well as intraporous chloride anions for oxocarbenium intermediate stabilization. In addition, the system also relies on the differences in adsorptive binding behavior, Kads, of the reactants and the products to the functionalized framework and benefits from a separate physical, kinetic process to boost the catalytic cycle. Due to its stability in aqueous conditions, HCl‐PSA‐IM‐COF‐OMe can be recycled and maintains its hydrolytic properties for five cycles before regeneration is needed.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for Separator Modification of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Yang Xuemiao , Li Pengyue , Cui Fangling , Wang Ruihu , Li Xiaoju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are regarded as one of the promising energy storage systems. However, rapid capacity attenuation caused by shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides is major challenge in practical application. The separator modification is regarded as one countermeasure besides the construction of sulfur host materials. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are one type of outstanding candidates for suppressing shuttle effect of polysulfides. Herein, recent advances of COFs in the application as commercial separator modifiers are summarized. COFs serve as ionic sieves, the importance of porous size and surface environments in inhibiting soluble polysulfides shuttling and promoting lithium ions conduction is highlighted. The superiority of charge‐neutral COFs, ionic COFs, and the composites of COFs with conductive materials for improving reversible capacity and cycling stability is demonstrated. Some new strategies for the design of COF‐based separator modifiers are proposed to achieving high energy density. The review provides new perspectives for future development of high‐performance Li–S batteries.
A novel splicing mutation in 5'UTR of GJB1 causes X‐linked Charcot—Marie–tooth disease
Authors: Li MeiYi , Yin Minna , Yang Li , Chen Zhiheng , Du Peng , Sun Ling , Chen Juan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCharcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is the most frequent hereditary motor sensory neurological disease. GJB1 gene is the second most frequent cause of CMT, accounting for approximately 10% of CMT cases worldwide. We identified a large Han family with X‐linked CMT disease.MethodsIn this study, the probands and his mother underwent electrophysiological examinations and other family members were assessed retrospectively. Whole‐exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and SNP array linkage analysis were performed to find and confirm the variant. The functional effect of the identified variant was further investigated in HEK293 cells and MCF‐7 cells by minigene splicing assay.ResultsThe affected individuals had some clinical symptoms including symmetric atrophy and progressive weakness of the distal muscles in their twenties. Electrophysiological examinations result in peripheral nerve injury of the upper and lower limbs. Whole‐exome sequencing identified a novel hemizygous deletion mutation (NM_000166: c.‐16‐8_‐14del) in the GJB1 gene. SNP array linkage analysis and co‐segregation analysis confirmed this mutation. Minigene splicing assay verified that this mutation leads to the activation of cryptic splicing sites in exon 2 which results in the deletion of exon 2.ConclusionOur study provides theoretical guidance for prenatal diagnosis and subsequent fertility of this family. This result expands the spectrum of mutations in GJB1 known to be associated with CMTX and contributes to the diagnosis of CMT and clinical genetic counseling.
Field test of an enhanced LIPS to direct‐monitor the elemental composition of particulate matters in polluted air
Authors: Zhixing Gao , Fengming Hu , Hongyu He , Jing Li , Daqing Cui , Jian Gao , Zhao Wang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaser‐induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS, also LIBS) is a promising technique for the challenging issues associated with the real time and in‐situ monitoring of the elements in aerosol particulate matter. A prototype of Aero‐LIPS had been set up with the techniques of aerosol beam focusing, enhanced plasma emission collector, and conditional data filter to demonstrate the potential application of air pollution composition monitoring. It can identify more than 40 elements from aerosols and continuously monitor 20 elements with a time interval of 10 min. In the field test of an Asian dust event, the major elements, such as Ca, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, P, and S, were real‐time monitored, which weighted 77.9% part of the particulate matter. The evolutions of temporal elemental concentrations went well along with the particle matter concentration. In the test, several persistent lines of U and Th have been identified from dusted air, although their concentrations range in the level of nano‐grams per cubic meter. Further work is ongoing to directly determine the detection limit of U and Th to confirm the potential application for nuclear emission safeguard.
Pathways to subsistence management in Alaska national parks: Perspectives of harvesters and agency staff
Authors: Green Kristen M. , Beaudreau Anne H. , Lukin Maija Katak , Ardoin Nicole M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Alaska Native peoples rely on harvest of animals and plants for cultural, nutritional, social and spiritual benefits. Contemporary management of these resources occurs under state and federal regulations; however, a long history of Indigenous stewardship precedes Western management systems and continues today. To illuminate the areas of compatibility and divergence among Indigenous and Western management systems, we examined multiple perspectives on subsistence management in Western Arctic National Parklands through interviews and focus group discussions with Indigenous (Iñupiat) communities and National Park Service (NPS) staff members in Alaska, USA.

We examined perceptions about (1) communication and relationships between subsistence harvesters and NPS staff and (2) barriers to, and solutions for, improving subsistence management. We find various pathways to improving subsistence management from within the NPS structure that were shared between harvesters and management staff including addressing bureaucratic barriers and institutional structures, engaging the public in formal regulatory processes, enhancing community engagement and informal communication pathways, and bridging Indigenous knowledge and Western scientific knowledge systems.

Pathways described by both harvesters and agency staff for improving management within the current governance system included fostering local and Indigenous representation in NPS management, minimizing NPS staff turnover, and changing the frequency and style of NPS engagement, especially through in‐person visits to rural villages. NPS staff described the need for increased funding, allocation of time and personnel to facilitate more outreach in villages; such shifts may help mitigate some of the perceived challenges associated with agency responsiveness to harvester needs.

Harvesters and agency staff also discussed ways to perpetuate Indigenous stewardship practices outside of the federal (and state) governance systems. Advocating for self‐determination and sovereignty over resource stewardship was the most prevalent theme from harvester interviews. Harvesters discussed power asymmetries that are embedded in the current management system and paths forward for Indigenous self‐determination.

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Psychosocial outcomes and quality of life among school‐age survivors of retinoblastoma
Authors: Morse Melanie , Parris Kendra , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Phipps Sean , Brennan Rachel C. , Wilson Matthew W. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Goode Kristin , Willard Victoria W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRetinoblastoma is the most common intraocular childhood cancer and is typically diagnosed in young children. With increasing number of survivors and improved medical outcomes, long‐term psychosocial impacts need to be explored. Thus, the current study sought to assess functioning in school‐aged survivors of retinoblastoma.ProcedureSixty‐nine survivors of retinoblastoma underwent a one‐time evaluation of psychosocial functioning. Survivors (Mage = 10.89 years, SD = 1.07 years; 49.3% male; 56.5% unilateral disease) and parents completed measures of quality of life (QoL; PedsQL) and emotional, behavioral, and social functioning (PROMIS [patient‐reported outcome measurement information system] Pediatric Profile, BASC‐2 parent report). Demographic and medical variables were also obtained.ResultsOn the whole, both survivors and caregivers indicated QoL and behavioral and emotional health within the typical range of functioning. Survivors reported better physical QoL compared to both parent report and a national healthy comparison sample, whereas caregivers reported that survivors experienced lower social, school, and physical QoL than a healthy comparison. Regarding behavioral and emotional health, survivors indicated more anxiety than a nationally representative sample. Parents of female survivors endorsed lower adaptive scores than parents of male survivors.ConclusionsResults indicated that survivors of retinoblastoma reported QoL and behavioral and emotional health within normal limits, although parents appear to perceive greater impairment across several assessed domains. Understanding both survivor and parent reports remains important for this population. Future research should explore psychosocial functioning of these survivors as they transition to adolescence and early adulthood, given the increased independence and behavioral and emotional concerns during these developmental periods.
Cardiovascular toxicities with pediatric tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: An analysis of adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Narayan Hari K. , Sheline Karyn , Wong Victor , Kuo Dennis , Choo Sun , Yoon Janet , Leger Kasey , Kutty Shelby , Fradley Michael , Tremoulet Adriana , Ky Bonnie , Armenian Saro , Guha Avirup 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe sought to examine cardiovascular toxicities associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in pediatrics. We examined 1624 pediatric adverse events with imatinib, dasatinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, crizotinib, and ruxolitinib reported to the Food and Drug Administration between January 1, 2015, and August 14, 2020. There were 102 cardiovascular event reports. Hypertension was the most commonly reported cardiovascular event and was most frequently associated with sorafenib and pazopanib. The presence of infection increased the reporting odds of cardiovascular events overall and specifically cardiac arrest, heart failure, and hypertension. These data provide early insight into cardiovascular toxicities with tyrosine kinase inhibitor use in pediatrics.
MCO1 and MCO3, two putative ascorbate oxidases with ferroxidase activity, new candidates for the regulation of apoplastic iron excess in Arabidopsis
Authors: Brun Alexis , Smokvarska Marija , Wei Lili , Chay Sandrine , Curie Catherine , Mari Stéphane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIron (Fe) is an essential metal ion that plays a major role as a cofactor in many biological processes. The balance between the Fe2+ and Fe3+ forms is central for cellular Fe homeostasis because it regulates its transport, utilization, and storage. Contrary to Fe3+ reduction that is crucial for Fe uptake by roots in deficiency conditions, ferroxidation has been much less studied. In this work, we have focused on the molecular characterization of two members of the MultiCopper Oxidase family (MCO1 and MCO3) that share high identity with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferroxidase Fet3. The heterologous expression of MCO1 and MCO3 restored the growth of the yeast fet3fet4 mutant, impaired in high and low affinity Fe uptake and otherwise unable to grow in Fe deficient media, suggesting that MCO1 and MCO3 were functional ferroxidases. The ferroxidase enzymatic activity of MCO3 was further confirmed by the measurement of Fe2+‐dependent oxygen consumption, because ferroxidases use oxygen as electron acceptor to generate water molecules. In planta, the expression of MCO1 and MCO3 was induced by increasing Fe concentrations in the medium. Promoter‐GUS reporter lines showed that MCO1 and MCO3 were mostly expressed in shoots and histochemical analyses further showed that both promoters were highly active in mesophyll cells. Transient expression of MCO1‐RFP and MCO3‐RFP in tobacco leaves revealed that both proteins were localized in the apoplast. Moreover, cell plasmolysis experiments showed that MCO1 remained closely associated to the plasma membrane whereas MCO3 filled the entire apoplast compartment. Although the four knock out mutant lines isolated (mco1‐1, mco1‐2, mco3‐1, and mco3‐2) did not display any macroscopic phenotype, histochemical staining of Fe with the Perls/DAB procedure revealed that mesophyll cells of all four mutants overaccumulated Fe inside the cells in Fe‐rich structures in the chloroplasts, compared with wild‐type. These results suggested that the regulation of Fe transport in mesophyll cells had been disturbed in the mutants, in both standard condition and Fe excess. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that MCO1 and MCO3 participate in the control of Fe transport in the mesophyll cells, most likely by displacing the Fe2+/Fe3+ balance toward Fe3+ in the apoplast and therefore limiting the accumulation of Fe2+, which is more mobile and prone to be transported across the plasma membrane.