bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Application Methods, 1989
Authors: Reed J. P. , McCartney D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Planting-time, cultivation-layby and slot injection treatment trials were conducted at Wooster, OH. The specific soil type for the sites was a Wooster silt loam. A randomized complete block design with 4 and 3 replicates was employed for soil insecticide evaluation in conventional and no-tillage plots, respectively. Plots were 40 ft long and 2 rows wide. Corn was planted 18 May in 30 inch rows. Planting time treatments were applied with Gandy metering units driven by 12 V electric motors mounted on a two row John Deere Max-Merge planter that applied granules ahead of the press wheel in 7-inch bands. Planting time treatments were made at recommended rates. Slot injection insecticide treatments were applied at a rate of 1.0 lb (AI)/acre and 0.33 lb (AI)/acre at 500 psi, delivery rate was 20 gal/acre of finished spray. All Brace treatments were applied at 0.66 instead of 1.0 lb (AI)/acre for planting and injection treatments. Nozzles were spaced 5 inches off center on both sides of the row (2 rows) and injected into a 3-inch deep slot made by a fluted coulter. Injection and cultivation-layby treatments were applied 11 Jun and 1 Jul in the conventional tillage plots respectively, there were no cultivation-layby treatments in the no-tillage plots. Root rating according to the Iowa 1-6 rating scale was done 18 Jul. Five root masses/replicate were dug and rated.
Efficacy of Insecticides Applied to Twospotted Spider Mites on Field Corn in West Central Nebraska, 1987
Authors: Seymour Ronald C. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cygon 400, Capture 2 EC, and Comite were aerially applied in one trial 16 Aug to dough-stage field corn. Capture 2 EC was applied through a center pivot irrigation system; Counter 15 G and Parathion 8 EC were aerially applied 19 Aug to field corn in a second trial. Plots to be aerially applied were 120 ft wide by field length. Chemigation treatments were applied to 8 acre triangular-shaped plots. All treatments were replicated twice in a randomized complete block design. Sizes of naturally-occurring twospotted spider mite colonies were rated on the under surface of 7 leaves starting with 3 leaves below the ear through 3 leaves above the ear. Ratings were made with a 0-6 scale where 0 equaled no mites on the leaf, 1 equaled individual mites present, 2 equaled well-formed colonies ... up to 6 where mite colonies were so large that the under side of the leaf was completely covered and the leaf had died due to mite feeding. Mites were evaluated on 4 plants located about 250 ft from the edge and in the center of each plot. Evaluations were made 1 d prior to application, 12 and 21 d post-application in the first trial; 7 and 14 d post-application in the second trial.
Impact of Cropping History and Insecticides on Cutworm and Chinch Bug Infestations in Corn, 1989
Authors: Treacy Mike 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two small-plot field trials were conducted on a commercial corn field located near Wharton, TX. Trial 1 was conducted on a portion of the field which was planted to corn in 1988, whereas Trial 2 was conducted on a portion of the field which was left fallow and weed-infested in 1988; the 2 trials were separated by only 40 rows of corn. Methods and materials were identical for both studies, except for the addition of Force as a treatment in Trial 1. Insecticides and an untreated check were compared in 2-row by 500-ft plots of corn planted 13 Mar on 38-in rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. At planting time, each insecticide (except Force) was applied into the open seed furrow. Force was applied in a 6-in band over a partially open seed furrow (i.e., each row-bander was located between the seed-drop and press wheel). Insecticides were applied with a John Deere Max-Emerge planter equipped with Kinze applicator boxes. Texture of soil at the test location was medium, and soil moisture at planting time was excellent. One inch of rain fell at the test location during the first 3 wk after planting time. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated by (1) inspecting 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for damage caused by cutworms and (2) inspecting 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for numbers of adult chinch bugs. Plant-stand was estimated for each treatment by counting numbers of plants (cutworm-damaged plus non-damaged plants) per 13.75 row-ft at 2 sites in each plot.
Lorsban Phytotoxicity Test, 1989
Authors: Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A hand-pushed ‘V belt seeder was used to plant seeds in each treatment row. A 2-4 inch band of meat and bone meal was placed over each row to increase SM oviposition. Each plot consisted of single row treatments 3 ft apart in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Row lengths were 15 ft for Showcase and SS Jubilee, with 90 and 96 seeds per row, respectively. Jubilee had 7-ft rows with 47 seeds per row. An average percent damage was calculated by recording the injury to 25 seed pieces/row after they were dug and washed. Seeds were treated 23 Jun and the plot was planted 3 Jul. Damage counts were made 12 Jul.
Cotton, Cotton Bollworm, Tobacco Budworm and Cotton Boll Weevil Control with Pyrethroids, 1989
Authors: Guillebeau L. P. , All J. N. , Roberts P. M. , Nault B. A. , Hsiao W. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton seed was planted 28 Apr, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Midville, GA. Soil type was Dothan loamy sand. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4-row plots × 50 ft long × 38 in row width and 15 ft alleys with 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a high cycle sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row at 60 psi in a final volume of 10.0 gal H20/acre. Plots were sprayed 8 times beginning 25 Jul and continuing Aug 3, 6, 15, 22, 29, Sep 7 and 12. All treatments were sprayed with malathion at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, in accordance with the APHIS/GA Dept of Agriculture protocol for the Boll Weevil Eradication Program, on 5 Jun, Jul 5, 19, Aug 9, 16, 23, 30 and 20 Sep. Twenty squares or small bolls per replicate in each treatment were examined for worm or weevile damage prior to spraying on each date.
Spatial Distribution and Behavior of TBW Larvae on Treated Plants, 1989
Authors: Hopkins S. W. , Hopkins H. B. , Pickel S. L. , Benedict J. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A greenhouse study was conducted to measure the spatial distribution and behavior of third instar larvae on amitraz (ATZ)-treated and untreated plants. TBW eggs were obtained from ICI Americas' cypermethrin-resistant (R) and -susceptible cultures. Neonate larvae were placed on pinto bean diet in plastic cups and held in an incubator at 27 ± 2°C with a 12:12 (L:D) photoperiod until they reached third instar. Squaring cotton was sprayed with aqueous dilutions of ATZ using a CO2 pressurized (40 psi) backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 4.4 gal/acre through 2, size 3X hollow-cone nozzles per row. The third instars were placed on the third mainstem internode below the shoot terminal of each plant 1 h following application of ATZ. Treatments were placed randomly in the greenhouse. Larval location and activity were observed on each plant at 15 min intervals for 6 h or until the larva left the plant. Locations recorded were shoot terminals, squares, leaf blades and stem/petioles. Vertical migration of the larva was measured by recording the number of the mainstem internode from which the plant structure arose where the larva was located. Feeding/scraping, resting, locomotion and spin-down were the larval behaviors recorded. The 6 treatments were replicated 20 times. The percent occurrence of each larva at each location, and larval behavior at each location for the 6-h observation period was a replicate.
Early Season Insect Control with In-Furrow Insecticides, 1988
Authors: Langston William C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was designed to compare formulations of different insecticides applied in-furrow for control of early-season insects in cotton and their effect on plant growth The soil type in this experiment was Houston clay. Cotton was treated with standard fungicides, planted with a John Deere flex-71 planter, and insecticides were applied through John Deere insecticide boxes which were ground driven. Planting was made in low beds, 3 to 3.5 inches high, on 22 Apr. Plants emerged to stand by 2 May. The experimental design was a randomized complete block of 4 row, 40 ft plots, with 4 replications. The soil condition stayed wet and cold until 1 Jun. Poor cotton growing conditions characterized the spring growing period. Thrips, adults and larvae, were collected by beating 25 randomly selected plants over hardware cloth on 11, 18, 25, and 31 May. Aphids were counted 18 and 25 May. Plant-feeding bugs were collected on 7 Jun with a D-vac machine, sampling 40 row ft/plot. On 7 Jun, 10 consecutive plants in a row were collected, leaves were removed and weighed, and the number of squares were counted. Plants were about 30 days old. Previous data showed a good correlation between leaf weight and leaf area when measured with an area meter. Yields were estimated by harvesting the center 2 rows with a brush stripper on 31 Aug, 131 d after planting.
Two Spotted Spider Mite Control with Azodrin as Compared to Thuringiensin, 1988
Authors: Langston William C. , Schuster M. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was infested with twospotted spider mites by placing 1 infested bean plant every 6 steps along each row on 14 Jun. Ammo at the rate of 0.04 lb Al/acre was sprayed on the entire area on 16 Jun and weekly thereafter. Plots were 8 rows wide and 40 ft long arranged in 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 24 Jun with a highboy with spraytips every 20 inches at the rate of 10 gal/acre. The percent infested leaves in the 6th and 8th position from the terminal was determined by examining 25 leaves on the center 2 rows of each plot. Dates of sample were 28 Jun, 5, 12, 19, and 26 Jul. Yield was determined by stripping 2 rows from each plot on 6 Sep.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1989
Authors: Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. , Burris Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were applied 17 Jul to a cotton field located on a commercial farm near St. Joseph, LA. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft. Insecticide treatments were applied with a hand held boom and CO2 charged spraying system calibrated to deliver 8 gal total spray solution/acre through Teejet X-6 nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design and replicated 4 times. The treatments were evaluated 48 h posttreatment by collecting 5 cotton plant terminals from each plot and placing them into glass (1 qt) jars. The sample consisted of all shoot growth just above the first fully expanded leaf. In the laboratory, aphids were washed from the plant samples onto 300-mesh screens, backwashed on ruled filter paper (7 cm) and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. The test plots had been previously treated with multiple applications of organophosphates, all of which failed to provide satisfactory control.
Screening of Aphis Gossypii for Insecticide Tolerance, 1989
Authors: O'Brien P. J. , Hardee D. D. , Grafton-Cardwell E. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Colonies of A. gossypii were assayed for insecticide tolerance using a leaf-dip test. Two colonies represented collections made from areas of control failures in Stoneville, MS, and Lawrence County, AL, and were reared in the greenhouse on DES 119 cotton 3 mon before a susceptible colony was established from aphids collected from Earlimart, CA. Cotton terminals were swirled 15 sec in water (control) or in a solution of formulated insecticide at a concentration causing approximately 90% mortality of susceptible insects: Lorsban 300 ppm, Thiodan 300 ppm, Capture 10 ppm, Metasystox-R 100 ppm, and Bidrin 100 ppm. Terminals were allowed to dry 45 min, placed in water wicks, and infested on leaf undersides using ventilated clip cages. Infested terminals were held at 80° F, 50% RH, and 14:10 L:D. Four replications (1 replication = 1 terminal) of 10 wingless adults/replication of similar size and color (green/black) from each colony were run. Mortality was determined 24 h later. Additionally, Lorsban and Thiodan were assayed using a laboratory spray table at field rates (1.0 lb and 0.33 lb (AI)/acre, respectively), calibrated to deliver 6 gal/acre (30 psi, TX 6 nozzle, 2 mph). Six replications of 10 aphids/replication were run for each treatment; caging, holding conditions, and test duration were the same as for dip bioassays.
Delta Aphid Test-III, 1988
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nineteen treatments were evaluated for relative efficacy against aphids on irrigated cotton planted 11-12 May on the Avery farm near Shaw, MS. Plots were 8 rows by 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 1 Aug to the 4 inner rows of each plot by high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air-plot spray system with 2 TX-4 nozzles/row calibrated for 5 gal/acre. Prior to this test 8 applications of insecticide had already been applied to the field as follows (rates are lb [AI]/acre); 3 applications of Orthene 75 S at 0.25; Swat 8 E at 0.15; Bidrin 8 E at 0.2; Swat 8 E at 0.25; Azodrin 5 E at 1.0. Prior to treatment, the mean number and standard error of aphids on Vb of each of 10 leaves from each of 20 plots (5 random plots/rep) from the upper third of the canopy was 469.8 and 237.1, respectively. Although the standard error was high, the minimum number of aphids/plot was greater than 40.2 aphids/leaf. Posttreatment data were collected 4 Aug by counting aphids on ½ of each of 10 leaves from each of 2 levels (4th leaf down, and one from mid-plant) per plot.
Evaluation of Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Insecticides for Aphid Control on Cotton—Northeast Mississippi Location, 1989
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight treatments were tested for relative efficacy against aphids on non-irrigated cotton planted 8 May at the Northeast Mississippi Branch Experiment Station, Verona, MS. Plots were 8 rows wide by 50 ft with 40 inch centers and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to the center 4 rows by a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air plot spray system calibrated for 8 gal/acre at 4 mph using 3 TX-3 nozzles/row, with the outside nozzles on 13 inch drops. Applications were made on 3 and 11 Aug. Environmental conditions during both applications were excellent. Aphids were sampled in each plot on each of 10 leaves picked at random from each of 2 levels of the plant. The leaves sampled were the third or fourth fully expanded leaf below the terminal and a leaf arising from the mainstem approximately M&gt; of the plant height down the plant from the terminal. All data were collected from the center 2 rows.
Evaluation of Early Season Thrips Control on Cotton—Delta Location, 1989
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen treatments were evaluated for thrips control in cotton planted 26 May in sandy loam soil on the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Plots were 4 rows by 50 ft with 4 rows of cotton planted between plots. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Granular materials were applied with granule applicator boxes on a John Deere planter. All other treatments except the Orthene treated seed were liquids and were applied with a CO2 powered sprayer with an 8002E nozzle positioned above and in line with the furrow to direct all the spray into the furrow at a rate of 5.3 gal/acre. Water was used as the carrier for sprayed insecticides. Thrips samples were obtained after collecting 10 plants at random from each plot, placing them in a quart jar and transporting them to the laboratory. In the laboratory the plants were washed with a few drops each of detergent and sodium hyperchlorite bleach/liter of water, and rinsed onto a 115 mesh sieve. The thrips were then rinsed onto filter paper for counting under a binocular dissection microscope. Plants were collected for sampling on 9, 15, and 21 Jun, and the plants from 21 Jun were measured from the point of soil contact to the apical meristem to evaluate plant height differences. Boll counts were made on 30 Oct. Based on the identification of adult specimens, the majority of the thrips were tobacco thrips. Western flower thrips, soybean thrips, and a very few miscellaneous species composed the remainder of the population.
Thrips Control in Peanuts Using At-Plant Insecticide Applications, North Carolina, 1989
Authors: Rrandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At-plant, in-furrow insecticides were evaluated for tobacco thrips control near Hertford in Perquimans Co. Peanuts were planted on 24 May using a Cole planter (36 inch rows) at approximately 100 lb seed/acre. Soil series was Roanoke silt loam with 0.5% H.M. and pH 5.7. At planting, the soil was moist and 70°F. Post emergence treatments of Poast + crop oil and Storm + surfactant were used for early season weed control. Plots were 2 rows wide × 50 ft long, and each plot was separated by 2 buffer rows. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Plot ends were separated by a 5 ft barren strip. Treatments, rates, and application techniques are listed in the table below. In-furrow treatments were placed in the furrow with the seed using electric Gandy® boxes. Foliar treatments were applied on 13 Jun using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi using 8002 flat-fan nozzles. All pegging treatments were applied using a Noble metering unit mounted on a bicycle wheel cart. Each plot (including the second Temik treatment applied 18 Jul) was treated with Mocap 10 G for rootworm control on 18 Jul. Peanuts were otherwise managed under standard agronomic practices. Thrips control was evaluated by determing the abundance of damaged leaflets/plot. Fifty newly-opened leaflets/plot were randomly selected and examined for thrips damage. The number of damaged leaflets was recorded. Sampling was conducted on 3 dates: 13, 20, and 27 Jun. All data were transformed X + 0.5 prior to analysis. Actual means are presented.
Corn Earworm Control in 'NC 6' Peanut in Virginia, 1989
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against CEW. Peanuts were planted 15 May with 36-inch row spacing. Temik 15 G at 1 lb (AI)/acre was applied in-furrow at planting. Test treatments were applied on 25 Aug using a CO2 compressed-air backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 12.5 gal formulation/acre at 30 psi using 3 D2-13 disc-core cone spray nozzles/row. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 2 rows by 25 ft. Treatments were evaluated before and 1, 3 and 7 DAT by comparing numbers of small, medium and large sized CEW larvae, corresponding to lst-2nd, 3rd-4th and 5th-6th instar groupings, respectively, per 6 row-ft.
Insecticide Evaluation for Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant, 1989
Authors: White C. A. , Bessin R. T. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study utilized 32 plots of approximately %-acre size in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of 8 treatments. Prior to initiation, fire ant mounds (both single and multiple queen colonies present) were counted and marked with 12-inch garden stakes in each plot. A centrally located Vi-acre circle was designated in each plot for fire ant population monitoring. The study began 15 Aug 1989 in a 30-acre field at the LSU St. Gabriel Research Station in Iverville Parish, LA. Applications were initiated on 1 Sep and were completed on 11 Sep. Tralomethrin and Lorsban were applied to individual mounds using a solo backpack sprayer (14 psi), 1 pt of finished formulation sprayed over the surface of each mound. Amdro and Fortress individual mound treatments were applied using 1-qt "shaker" jars with holes in the lids. Amdro and Dursban broadcast treatments were applied using a cyclone spreader. Bengal Fire Ant Killer (tralomethrin 0.3 EC) broadcast treatments were applied with a tractor-sprayer (40 psi). After treatment, each mound was designated with a painted stake for further monitoring. Counts for population monitoring and % control were made on 12 Oct and 9 Nov.
Insect Control with Thiodan in Winter Rapeseed, 1989
Authors: David Buntin G. , Raymer Paul L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thiodan was evaluated for control of CA and CSW in winter rapeseed at Griffin and Plains, GA. Rapeseed was planted on 10-20 Oct in 7 inch rows in plots measuring 20 by 20 ft. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Spray was applied at full bloom on 29 Mar at Plains and 1 Apr at Griffin with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with No. 4 flat fan nozzles which delivered 27.5 gal/acre. Sprayed plots were retreated 16-d after the first spray. The percentage of CA infested stalk was recorded before and after the first spray. The percentage of CSW infested pods was measured by inspecting 200 pods/plot before harvest; but no CSW pod damage was observed at Plains. Plots were harvested with a small plot combine and yield was adjusted to 80% moisture content.
Soybean Insect Control in Georgia, 1989
Authors: McPherson R. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling soybean loopers and threecornered alfalfa hoppers in soybean. Soybeans were planted on 10 Jul in conventionally prepared seedbeds on 36 inch rows at the University of Georgia Bowen Research Farm in Tift County, GA. Individual plots were 4 rows wide by 25 ft with 6-ft alleys at the beginning and end of the plots. A complete randomized block experimental design was utilized with 4 replications. Insecticides were foliar-applied on 30 Aug. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer, with 4 TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom, at 35 psi and 17.2 gal/acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 2, 6, and 12 d after application by comparing the number of insect pests per 6 ft of row in the treated plots to those in the untreated checks. A 6 ft ground cloth sample (3 ft of 2 adjacent rows) was taken from each plot on each sampling date.
Season-Long Insecticide Block Treatments, 1989
Authors: Johnson James W. , Biddinger David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature trees at a rate of 100 gal/acre with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged as completely randomized units consisting of 3 rows by 4 trees (12 trees/unit), each replicated 3 times. Applications were made on 12 May, 1 Jun, 14 Jun, 26 Jun, 8 Jul, 21 Jul, 1 Aug, 13 Aug, 26 Aug, 6 Sep, and 18 Sep. Bayleton, Nustar, Cyprex, Captec, Stik, and Baycor were applied separately to all treatments. Harvest fruit finish data were taken on 2 Oct from 100 fruit taken randomly from the periphery of the tree from each replicate, for a total of 300 fruit/treatment.