bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haptic Feedback for Wrist Angle Adjustment
Authors: den Daas Michiel , van Beek Femke E. , Kuling Irene A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHaptic feedback is envisioned to be a powerful tool in (digital) orthosis fitment procedures. In context of a larger research project on digital molding and developing a glove for orthopedic experts, we explored the use of vibrotactile feedback on the wrist for wrist angle adjustments. Five different patterns are presented on both the inside and outside of the wrist as well as crossing signals. Participants were asked to indicate whether the pattern was communicating that the wrist angle had to be increased or decreased by moving the hand up or down. The results show that the vibrotactile stimuli are being interpreted consistently by the participants, provided the patterns are presented on one side of the arm. Although the interpretations were consistent within participants, there were individual differences in the reported directions of the signals, which makes it important to take into account personal preferences and calibration when implementing haptic feedback.
Moving Hands Feel Stimuli Before Stationary Hands
Authors: Drewing Knut , Vroomen Jean 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the flash lag effect (FLE), a moving object is seen to be ahead of a brief flash that is presented at the same spatial location; a haptic analogue of the FLE has also been observed [1, 2]. Some accounts of the FLE relate the effect to temporal delays in the processing of the stationary stimulus as compared to that of the moving stimulus [3–5]. We tested for movement-related processing effects in haptics. People judged the temporal order of two vibrotactile stimuli at the two hands: One hand was stationary, the other hand was executing a fast, medium, or slow hand movement. Stimuli at the moving hand had to be presented around 36 ms later, to be perceived to be simultaneous with stimuli at the stationary hand. In a control condition, where both hands were stationary, perceived simultaneity corresponded to physical simultaneity. We conclude that the processing of haptic stimuli at moving hands is accelerated as compared to stationary ones–in line with assumptions derived from the FLE.
Perception of Friction in Tactile Exploration of Micro-structured Rubber Samples
Authors: Fehlberg Maja , Kim Kwang-Seop , Drewing Knut , Hensel René , Bennewitz Roland 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFingertip friction and the related shear of skin are key mechanical mechanisms in tactile perception, but the perception of friction itself is rarely explored except for the flat surfaces of tactile displays. We investigated the perception of friction for tactile exploration of a unique set of samples whose fabric-like surfaces are equipped with regular arrays of flexible micropillars. The measured fingertip friction increases with decreasing bending stiffness, where the latter is controlled by radius (20–75 µm) and aspect ratio of the micropillars. In forced-choice tasks, participants noticed relative differences in friction as small as 0.2, and even smaller when a sample with less than 100 µm distance between pillars is omitted from the analysis. In an affective ranking of samples upon active touch, the perception of pleasantness is anticorrelated with the measured friction. Our results offer insights towards a rational design of materials with well-controlled surface microstructure which elicit a dedicated tactile appeal.
Perception of Spatialized Vibrotactile Impacts in a Hand-Held Tangible for Virtual Reality
Authors: Cabaret Pierre-Antoine , Howard Thomas , Pacchierotti Claudio , Babel Marie , Marchal Maud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInformative and realistic haptic feedback significantly enhances virtual reality (VR) manipulation. In particular, vibrotactile feedback (VF) can deliver diverse haptic sensations while remaining relatively simple. This has made it a go-to solution for haptics within hand-held controllers and tangible props for VR. However, VF in hand-helds has solely focused on monolithic vibration of the entire hand-held device. Thus, it is not clear to what extent such hand-held devices could support the delivery of spatialized information within the hand. In this paper, we consider a tangible cylindrical handle that allows interaction with virtual objects extending beyond it. This handle is fitted with a pair of vibrotactile actuators with the objective of providing in-hand spatialized cues indicating direction and distance of impacts. We evaluated its capability for rendering spatialized impacts with external virtual objects. Results show that it performs very well for conveying an impact’s direction and moderately well for conveying an impact’s distance to the user.
Perceiving Sequences and Layouts Through Touch
Authors: Gupta Richa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccessing graphical information is a challenge for persons with individuals with blindness and visual impairment (BVI). The primary method for making graphical information more accessible to BVI is to translate visual graphics into tactile graphics (TGs), sometimes called “raised line” graphics. Effective design of tactile graphics demands an in-depth investigation of perceptual foundations of exploration through touch. This work investigates primitives in tactile perception of spatial arrangements (i.e. sequences and layouts). Two experiments using tiles with different tactile shapes were arranged in a row on tabletop or within a 5 × 5 grid board. The goal of the experiments was to determine whether certain positions offered perceptual salience. The results indicate that positional primitives exist (e.g. corners, field edges and first and last positions in sequences), and these reinforce memory of spatial relationships. These inferences can influence effective tactile graphic design as well as design of inclusive and multi-modal interfaces/experiences.
Whole-Hand Haptics for Mid-air Buttons
Authors: Maunsbach Martin , Hornbæk Kasper , Seifi Hasti 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMid-air buttons are currently slow and error-prone. One reason is that their haptic feedback are attempts at replicating physical button feedback instead of being designed specifically for interaction in mid air. We present an approach to haptics for mid-air buttons that extends the feedback beyond the fingertip. Our approach is inspired by recent findings that show how skin vibrations from fingertip presses extend to the whole hand. We apply the haptic feedback across the whole hand to simulate the pull-up effect that triggers users to withdraw their finger upon button activation. We conduct a user study with two tasks to evaluate the whole-hand feedback and compare it with prior work. Our results show that the whole-hand haptic feedback reduces the overall button press duration and allows for more successful button activations compared to the localized haptic feedback. We discuss the reasons behind the improved performance and further steps to improve mid-air presses.
Proximity-Based Haptic Feedback for Collaborative Robotic Needle Insertion
Authors: Mieling Robin , Stapper Carolin , Gerlach Stefan , Neidhardt Maximilian , Latus Sarah , Gromniak Martin , Breitfeld Philipp , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCollaborative robotic needle insertions have the potential to improve placement accuracy and safety, e.g., during epidural anesthesia. Epidural anesthesia provides effective regional pain management but can lead to serious complications, such as nerve injury or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Robotic assistance might prevent inadvertent puncture by providing haptic feedback to the physician. Haptic feedback can be realized on the basis of force measurements at the needle. However, contact should be avoided for delicate structures. We propose a proximity-based method to provide feedback prior to contact. We measure the distance to boundary layers, visualize the proximity for the operator and further feedback it as a haptic resistance. We compare our approach to haptic feedback based on needle forces and visual feedback without haptics. Participants are asked to realize needle insertions with each of the three feedback modes. We use phantoms that mimic the structures punctured during epidural anesthesia. We show that visual feedback improves needle placement, but only proximity-based haptic feedback reduces accidental puncture. The puncture rate is 62% for force-based haptic feedback, 60% for visual feedback and 6% for proximity-based haptic feedback. Final needle placement inside the epidural space is achieved in 38%, 70% and 96% for force-based haptic, visual and proximity-based haptic feedback, respectively. Our results suggest that proximity-based haptic feedback could improve needle placement safety in the context of epidural anesthesia.
A Preliminary Study on the Perceptual Independence Between Vibrotactile and Thermal Senses
Authors: Park Jaejun , Kim Jeongwoo , Park Chaeyong , Oh Seungjae , Park Junseok , Choi Seungmoon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study whether the vibrotactile and thermal senses are independent in terms of information transmission. In Exp. 1, we estimated the respective information transmission capacities of vibrotactile and thermal stimuli. In Exp. 2, we measured the information transfer (IT) of vibrotactile-thermal multimodal stimuli. We compare the IT values obtained in the two experiments and demonstrate that approximately 90% of the information encoded through the two sensory modalities is preserved when they are combined. This result can contribute to the design of multimodal haptic stimuli for various user-interactive purposes.
On the critical exponents of generalized ballot sequences in three dimensions and large tandem walks
Authors: Wallner Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe answer some questions on the asymptotics of ballot walks raised in [S. B. Ekhad and D. Zeilberger, April 2021] and prove that these models are not D-finite. This short note demonstrates how the powerful tools developed in the last decades on lattice paths in convex cones help us to answer some challenging problems that were out of reach for a long time. On the way we generalize tandem walks to the family of large tandem walks whose steps are of arbitrary length and map them bijectively to a generalization of ballot walks in three dimensions.
Low- and middle-income countries demonstrate rapid growth of type 2 diabetes: an analysis based on Global Burden of Disease 1990–2019 data
Authors: Liu Jinli , Bai Ruhai , Chai Zhonglin , Cooper Mark E. , Zimmet Paul Z. , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The study aims to quantify the global trend of the disease burden of type 2 diabetes caused by various risks factors by country income tiers.

Methods
Data on type 2 diabetes, including mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) during 1990–2019, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We analysed mortality and DALY rates and the population attributable fraction (PAF) in various risk factors of type 2 diabetes by country income tiers.

Results
Globally, the age-standardised death rate (ASDR) attributable to type 2 diabetes increased from 16.7 (15.7, 17.5)/100,000 person-years in 1990 to 18.5 (17.2, 19.7)/100,000 person-years in 2019. Similarly, age-standardised DALY rates increased from 628.3 (537.2, 730.9)/100,000 person-years to 801.5 (670.6, 954.4)/100,000 person-years during 1990–2019. Lower-middle-income countries reported the largest increase in the average annual growth of ASDR (1.3%) and an age-standardised DALY rate (1.6%) of type 2 diabetes. The key PAF attributing to type 2 diabetes deaths/DALYs was high BMI in countries of all income tiers. With the exception of BMI, while in low- and lower-middle-income countries, risk factors attributable to type 2 diabetes-related deaths and DALYs are mostly environment-related, the risk factors in high-income countries are mostly lifestyle-related.

Conclusions/interpretation
Type 2 diabetes disease burden increased globally, but low- and middle-income countries showed the highest growth rate. A high BMI level remained the key contributing factor in all income tiers, but environmental and lifestyle-related factors contributed differently across income tiers.

Data availability
To download the data used in these analyses, please visit the Global Health Data Exchange at http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2019.

Graphical abstract
Air pollution and internal migration: evidence from an Iranian household survey
Authors: Farzanegan Mohammad Reza , Gholipour Hassan F. , Javadian Mostafa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAir pollution has become an important national issue in Iran in recent years. Several studies in Iran have shown that air pollution harmfully impacts the physical and mental health of citizens, reducing labor productivity and student academic performance. One aspect of air pollution that is yet to be examined is if it explains migration behavior across the provinces of Iran. Between 2011 and 2016, approximately 4.3 million Iranians (about 5% of the population) left their habitual residences and moved to new locations (mostly within the borders of Iran). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of air pollution (measured using satellite data of aerosol optical depth) on net outmigration. We used data from the 2011 and 2016National Population and Housing Censusesfor 31 provinces in Iran and applied panel fixed effects and instrumental variable procedures to analyze the data. Our results show that air pollution has a positive and significant effect on net outmigration. We also found that higher levels of economic activities discourage outmigration.
Prospective analysis of the expression status of FGFR2 and HER2 in colorectal and gastric cancer populations: DS-Screen Study
Authors: Yasui Hisateru , Takeno Atsushi , Hara Hiroki , Imamura Hiroshi , Akamatsu Hiroki , Fujitani Kazumasa , Nakane Minoru , Kondoh Chihiro Nakayama , Yukisawa Seigo , Nasu Junichiro , Miyata Yoshinori , Makiyama Akitaka , Ishida Hiroyasu , Yoshida Norimasa , Matsumura Eiji , Ishigami Masato , Sugihara Masahiro , Ochiai Atsushi , Doi Toshihiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) proteins are both molecular targets for cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression status of FGFR2 and HER2 in patients with gastric cancer (GC) or colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Archived tumor tissue samples from patients with histologically-confirmed GC or CRC suitable for chemotherapy were analyzed for FGFR2 and HER2 expression using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (HER2 in CRC only).

Results
A total of 176 GC patients and 389 CRC patients were enrolled. Among patients with GC, 25.6% were FGFR2-positive and 26.1% were HER2-positive. Among patients with CRC, 2.9% were FGFR2-positive and 16.2% were HER2-positive. No clear relationship was found between FGFR2 and HER2 status in either GC or CRC. In GC, FGFR2 and HER2 statuses did not differ between different primary cancer locations, whereas there were some differences between histological types. Based on FGFR2- and/or HER2-positive status, 117 patients were identified as potentially suitable for inclusion in clinical trials of therapeutic agents targeting the relevant protein (GC = 45, CRC = 72; FGFR = 56, HER2 = 62), of whom 7 were eventually enrolled into such clinical trials.

Conclusions
This study indicated the prevalence of FGFR2 and HER2 in GC and CRC in the Japanese population. The screening performed in this study could be useful for identifying eligible patients for future clinical trials of agents targeting these proteins.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registration Japic CTI No.: JapicCTI-163380. https://www.clinicaltrials.jp/cti-user/trial/ShowDirect.jsp?directLink=RNlzx1PPCuT.PrVNPxPRwA.
Vertebral anomalies in a natural population of Taricha granulosa (Caudata: Salamandridae)
Authors: Danto Marylène , McGuire Jimmy A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopmental plasticity, a common pattern in lissamphibian evolution, results in numerous alternative morphologies among species and also within populations. In the present study, a natural population of the salamander Taricha granulosa (Salamandridae) was examined to detect variation in the vertebral count and to identify potential deformities of their vertebral column. The number of trunk vertebrae varied between 11 and 13 and we recorded 58 individuals with 69 anomalous vertebral elements. These anomalies range from congenital malformations (block vertebrae, unilateral bars, hemivertebrae), extra ossifications in the haemal region, to posttraumatic pathologies. Most osseous pathologies were encountered in the caudal region of the axial skeleton. Our data suggest a high frequency of vertebral malformations in salamanders; however, the identification of the exact causes remains challenging.
A palaeothermometer of ancient Indigenous fisheries reveals increases in mean temperature of the catch over five millennia
Authors: Hillis Dylan , Gustas Robert , Pauly Daniel , Cheung William W. L. , Salomon Anne K. , McKechnie Iain 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Climate change is altering the distribution and composition of marine fish populations globally, which presents substantial risks to the social and economic well-being of humanity. While deriving long-term climatic baselines is an essential step for detecting and attributing the magnitude of climate change and its impacts, these baselines tend to be limited to historical datasets and palaeoecological sediment records. Here, we develop a method for estimating the ‘ancient Mean Temperature of the Catch’ (aMTC) using Indigenous fisheries catch records from two archaeological sites in the northeast Pacific. Despite different catch compositions, we observe an increase in aMTC over a 5,000-year period at two contemporaneously occupied archaeological sites in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. We document cooler catches from 5,000 to 3,000 cal yr BP and comparatively warmer catches from 1,800 to 250 cal yr BP. These warmer temperatures are broadly consistent with palaeoceanographic sea surface temperature proxies from British Columbia and Alaska. Because this method requires converting measures of fish bones into estimates of fish size structure, abundance, biomass, and finally aMTC, opportunities exist to account for both variation and uncertainty at every step. Nevertheless, given that preindustrial fisheries data are ubiquitous in coastal archaeological sites, this method has the potential to be applied globally to broaden the temporal and geographic scale of ocean temperature baselines.
Asymmetry in the spin-up of a stratified fluid in a sliced, square cylinder
Authors: Munro R. J. , Foster M. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPreviously, we have reported theory and experiments on the spin-up of a linearly stratified fluid contained in a sealed square cylinder with a bottom sloped at angle $$\alpha$$
α
(Munro & Foster, Phys. Fluids, 26, 026603, 2014). The motion is characterized by the small Rossby number, $$\epsilon$$
ϵ
, the fractional change in the rotation rate, the Ekman number, E, and the Burger number, S, the square of the ratio of the buoyancy frequency (or Brunt-Väisälä frequency) to the base rotation rate. This paper, supplementing what has gone before, is focused on the horizontal and vertical structure of the propagating vorticity waves (Rossby waves), with alternating anti-cyclonic and cyclonic cells, which move across the tank from east to west, thereby accomplishing at least the early stages of the spin-up. We find strong dependence of the modal structure of these Rossby waves, and their speed, on the Burger number. However, what is particularly noteworthy is the observed strong north-south asymmetry of the wave field. We find that the asymmetry is not consistent with typical Rossby-wave theories (Pedlosky and Greenspan, J. Fluid Mech., 27, p. 291, 1967), but is attributable to second-order effects in the asymptotic expansion of the streamfuntion in powers of $$\alpha$$
α
.
Model uncertainty and efficiency measurement in stochastic frontier analysis with generalized errors
Authors: Makieła Kamil , Mazur Błażej 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdvanced efficiency measurement methods usually fall within Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), or their derivatives. Although SFA has some theoretical advantages, it has been criticized for relying on arbitrary and potentially restrictive assumptions about model specification. One strand of the literature suggests the use of nonparametric SF models to cope with the issue. We follow an alternative path and demonstrate that it is possible to deal with specification uncertainty and potentially restrictive assumptions while maintaining the advantages of the parametric approach. First, we develop a flexible stochastic model based on generalized t and generalized beta of second kind distributions, which encompasses virtually all known parametric SFA specifications. Second, we apply Bayesian inference methods, which are less restrictive than those used so far, and propose feasible approximate alternatives based on maximum likelihood. Third, we pool results from alternative specifications using model averaging. Our focus is on the distributional assumptions regarding the compound error in SFA since this aspect has not been addressed so far in a satisfactory way. However, extensions to other elements of specification uncertainty, like the choice of the frontier functional form, are straightforward. Finally, we show simulations results and analyze two well-researched datasets, for which we obtain probabilistic (density) estimates of efficiency scores that take into account the estimation error and model uncertainty in a formally justified manner.
Self-serving dishonesty: The role of confidence in driving dishonesty
Authors: Heger Stephanie A. , Slonim Robert , Tausch Franziska 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmbiguity and uncertainty as an explanation for ethical blind spots is well-documented. We contribute to this line of research by showing that these blind spots arise even when there is naturally occurring uncertainty—that is, when individuals are simply uncertain of the truth they “fill-in” this uncertainty in a self-serving way. To examine self-serving dishonesty, we asked a sample of U.S. car owners to respond to an auto insurance underwriting questionnaire that affects their price of insurance (i.e., premium), and investigated how financial incentives affect the honesty of their responses. We find, consistent with the current literature, that people have a strong preference for truthfulness, but only when they are confident of the objective truth. However, when people are not completely certain of the objectively correct answer, significant dishonesty occurs in a self-serving manner. We also find that reports of confidence do not depend on incentives and thus self-serving dishonesty is not strategic.
Invited Review: Short-term Variability with the Observations from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Insights into Flare Magnetism
Authors: Kazachenko Maria D. , Albelo-Corchado Marcel F. , Tamburri Cole A. , Welsch Brian T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContinuous vector magnetic-field measurements by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) allow us to study magnetic-field properties of many flares. Here, we review new observational aspects of flare magnetism described using SDO data, including statistical properties of magnetic-reconnection fluxes and their rates, magnetic fluxes of flare dimmings, and magnetic-field changes during flares. We summarize how these results, along with statistical studies of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), have improved our understanding of flares and the flare/CME feedback relationship. Finally, we highlight future directions to improve the current state of understanding of solar-flare magnetism using observations.