bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
22Q11.2 deletion syndrome and psychosis: About a case
Authors: García-Bernal C. , Neth O. , Veguilla M. Ruiz , Torres N. Garrido 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionWe present the case of a boy born in 2002 who was diagnosed with 22q11.2 DS at the age of 2 years. He was referred to neurology at age 9 for “attention deficits and irritability.” At age 12 he was referred to mental health for “irritability and anxious and depressive symptoms.” The boy was erroneously discharged with a diagnosis of “only” emotional disorder without subsequent follow-up. The evolution of this case resembles the evolution of others already described in the literature.ObjectivesTo demonstrate the lack of knowledge of the variety of comorbid disorders in this syndrome (20 to 40% present psychotic symptoms).MethodsBibliographic search in the Pubmed database.ResultsThere is a partial T-cell immunodeficiency in 22q11.2DS patients confirmed by significantly reduced percentages of circulating T and helper T cells. An increased percentage of Th17 was found in adults with psychotic symptoms compared to non-psychotic adults in one article. The percentage of Th17 was related to the presence of positive psychotic symptoms. Another study says higher levels of IL-17 were found in patients with fewer symptoms. The importance of Th17 and IL-17 in the development of the hippocampus and of Th17 in the development of psychosis is highlighted. In those patients, there is a high IL-6 / IL-10 ratio in favor of a pro-inflammatory state. High levels of IL-6 are correlated with greater neurocognitive deficits and negative symptoms.Conclusions1. There is evidence for a theory of inflammation in psychosis development. 2. The 22q11.2 DS could be used as a research model.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Case of psychological consultation and observation an adolescent with dissociative dysmnesia
Authors: Zvereva N. , Zaytseva E. , Zvereva M. , Sinkevich A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCases of memory loss are rare phenomena. We present a case-study of common psychological and psychotherapy observation 14,5 years old girl with dissociative dysmnesia during 2 years. Teenager grew up in a small town near Moscow, her parents were divorced. A girl and her elder brother stay with mother. One day in New Year Holiday in January she had come to take out the trash and did not return home. When mother and her friends had found girl on the other side of town, she did not remember anything about her life and family. Goal: description the case of long observing adolescent with dissociative dysmnesiaObjectivesGirl age 14,5 y.o.MethodsPsychodiagnostics, Psychotherapy.ResultsFirst period (1 months later initial episode) mother provided mane consultations to understand what has happened with daughter and what is illness. Psychiatrist made a diagnosis - dissociative dysmnesia, neurologists did not find any disturbances. Psychological diagnostics showed small gaps in knowledge, pronounced violations of autobiographical memory, decreased activity, and mood. Unusual results were obtained in projective drawing. She got to know her family and friends again, started an account on Internet, shares her stories. These 2 years she worked with individual psychotherapist with positive changes. In September 2020 she went to school, not yet caught up with program. She masters the guitar, continues to play in the theater studio, and makes plans for future.ConclusionsAfter 2 year observation and work autobiographical memory has not restored. Girl’s personality hasn’t changed, according to the family. Her mood and communication look better.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Increased externalizing and internalizing problems in children with sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Csábi E. , Benedek P. , Gaál V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSleep-disordered Breathing (SDB) is a spectrum disorder ranging from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). One of the most common sleep-disorder in childhood, however remarkably little is known of the effect of SDB on behavioral functions.ObjectivesThe aim of our study to investigate the behavioral consequences of SDB compared to children with no history of sleep disorders.MethodsTwo hundred thirty-four children aged 4-10 years participated in the study. The SDB group consists seventy-eight children, sixty-one of the them with OSA and seventeen with primary snoring (average age: 6,7 (SD = 1,83), 32 female/46 male), One hundred fifty-six children participated in the control group (average age: 6,57 years (SD = 1,46), 80 female/76 male). The two groups were matched by age and gender. We used the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, and Child Behavior Checklist to assess the behavioral functions. Furthermore, the OSA-18 Questionnaire was administrated to support the diagnosis of SDB.ResultsAccording to our results, children with SDB showed a significantly higher level of anxiety and depression and demonstrated significantly higher externalizing (such as attentional problems, hyperactivity, or social problems) and internalizing behavior problems (aggression, rule-breaking behavior).ConclusionsDue to the neurobehavioral consequences, our finding underlines the importance of the early diagnosis and treatment of sleep-disorder breathing.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Street working children in kurdistan region of Iraq; Mental health and traumatization
Authors: Taib N. , Arinell H. , Ahmad A. , Ramklint M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStreet working children are often poor, deprived of love and care, and lack supervision by responsible adults. The Kurdistan region of Iraq has experienced war conflicts for decades. Many families have been displaced and their children forced into the streets. However, little is known about mental health among the street working children in this region.ObjectivesTo explore mental health and trauma among street working boys in Duhok.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted on street working boys (n=100), eight to 16 years old in Duhok. A control group of age-matched school boys (n=100) were recruited. The Child Behaviour Checklist 6-18 was used for assessment of the children’s competences and behavioural problems. Mental disorders were assessed by using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescence. Experienced trauma was assessed by the Harvard-Uppsala Trauma Questionnaire for Children.ResultsSixty-one percent of the street working boys had at least one psychiatric disorder (57 % anxiety disorders). Street working boys reported more traumatic events than school boys, 96% vs 64% (X²= 32, p < 0.001), the largest effect size was found for torture (OR 28.4) and the smallest effect size for maltreatment or assault (OR 2.7). Also, they reported higher levels of internalising symptoms, T-score 59.4 (8.2). There was a significantly increased risk of more externalising symptoms with increasing working hours, OR 2.90 [95% CI 1.02; 8.29].ConclusionsInternalizing symptoms, anxiety disorders and trauma were more common in street working boys compared to school boys. More working hours increased the risk for more externalising symptoms.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The prevalence of oppositional defiant disorders among young people in europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sacco R. , Camilleri N. , Umla-Runge K. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThis systematic review estimates the pooled prevalence (PP) of oppositional defiant disorders (ODD) among 5-to-18-year-old YP living in Europe, based on prevalence rates established in the last five years (LFY).ObjectivesTrends of prevalence rates across countries, gender and level of education were analysed. The random effects pooled prevalence rate (REPPR) for ODD was calculated.MethodsA search strategy was conducted on three databases. Studies were also identified from reference lists and grey literature. Eligible studies were evaluated for reliability, validity, bias, and the REPPR for ODD was calculated.ResultsThe European REPPR for ODD is calculated at 1.9% (Figure 1). The REPPR among males is 4.8%, whereas the rate among females is 2.7% (95% CI: 0.7%- 1.4%). The prevalence rate of ODD among primary school children is 1.8 times higher than the prevalence of secondary school children (Figure 2).ConclusionsGender, culture and socioeconomic diagnostic inequality may contribute to prevalence differences across countries. Routine screening and addressing these aspects may facilitate early intervention.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Lockdown: A chance to strengthen the relationship or to widen the gap for tunisian couples?
Authors: Meddouri L.S. , Cherif E. , Hajri A. , Maamri A. , Zalila H. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionGeneral lockdown due to the outbreak of Corona virus is a major change in people’s lives. Some mental health professionals consider it as a traumatic event with potentially serious psychiatric repercussions, especially on married couples.ObjectivesDetermine the consequences of the lockdown on married couples.MethodsAn online survey conducted on social media during Mai 2020.ResultsA total of 223 married persons filled our survey with 86,1% females. Marriage was traditional in 17%, through mutual friends and acquaintances in 0,4% and after a love story in 84,3%. Families were not consenting to the marriage in 5,4% and 28,7% of participants did not consider that they knew their partner enough prior to marriage. The mean duration of marriage was 2 years and 10 months. Having children was reported in 77,1%. Before the general lockdown, 1,79% described their relationship as “bad” compared to 5,82% during; sharing house chores raised from 56,44% to 68,44%. And taking care of children by both parents during the lockdown raised also from 55% to 67,22%. Frequency of sexual intercourse was the same in 57,4% and lower in 23,8%. The lockdown was an opportunity to discover new things in their partner for 28,4% and 19,7% did not consider the lockdown as a chance to spend more time with their partner.ConclusionsThe lockdown gave us a chance to study the impact of the absence of social life on married couples.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Children’s mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Molini-Avejonas D. , Pacheco P. , Leal C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn the midst of a global pandemic with a rising death toll, the children´s mental health can be easily overlooked in the country’s response. But this overlook would have devastating consequences for years to come.ObjectivesThe objective of this research is to compare children’s physical and mental development before, during and after the situation of social isolation caused by the pandemic of COVID-19.MethodsThe parents/guardians of 100 children aged between 0 and 5 years and 11 months old were asked to answer questions based on the ASQ-3 (Ages and Stages Questionnaire III), containing questions related to Communication, Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Problem Solving, and Personal-Social and ASQ- SE (Ages and Stages Questionnaires Social-Emotional) addressing issues of self-regulation, compliance, social-communication, adaptive functioning, autonomy, and affect. In addition, behavioral issues related to children’s mental health will be included, such as: aggressiveness, insomnia, lack of appetite, apathy, sadness, tiredness, lack of interest, hyperactivity, manias, tantrum, morning among others. Child development data will be collected before and during quarantine / isolation and later, in a second stage, after the end of social isolation.ResultsThe data will be analyzed in order to characterize child behavior before, during and after the period of social isolation, correlating the different areas of child development, especially mental health.ConclusionsAs argued, socially isolated children are at increased risk of health problems in adulthood. Furthermore, studies on social isolation have demonstrated that a lack of social relationships negatively impacts the development of the brain’s structure.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Neutropenia in patients treated with clozapine during COVID-19 infection
Authors: Bonany J. Marti , Carre M. Pérez , Olive J.R. Fortuny , Castellví C. Macias , Diez E. Carrió , González R. Sánchez , Elias M. Vallve , Codina G.A. Mateu , Casamitjana M.I. Martínez 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionClozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for treatment resistant schizophrenia but adverse reactions to clozapine include neutropenia. Patients with COVID-19 infection frequently experience lymphopenia, but not neutropenia.The impact of clozapine treatment in the presence of COVID-19 is unknownObjectivesShow 2 cases of neutropenia in patients treated with long-term clozapine during COVID-19 infection.MethodsSubjects: 48 admitted patients to a long-stay psychiatric unit. COVID-19 infection confirmed by positive nasopharyngeal swab for viral ribonucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2. Hematological controls between March and April 2020.Results16 patients (33%) treated with clozapine.18 patients (37’5%) had COVID-19 infection, of which 5 (10’4%) were treated with clozapine; 2 presented neutropenia. 1- 56-year-old woman diagnosed with schizophrenia on clozapine since 2009. Begins to have a dry cough and fever with positive COVID-19 swab (day 0). Slight leukopenia without neutropenia was observed on day 1. On day 7, neutropenia was observed with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 1100. We decided to suspend clozapine and to initiate daily hematological controls. The ANC on day 8 was 970. Over the next few days the ANC will progressively improve until neutropenia resolved (day 22). 2- 55-year-old woman who required a transfer to a general hospital because of respiratory complications from COVID-19. She presented significant leukopenia (1’01x 10^3/uL) and neutropenia (ANC 100). Clozapine was not withdrawn. She was treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.ConclusionsAn urgent full blood count will be required to exclude neutropenia with appropriate action. Further research will be needed to clarify the possible relationship between COVID-19, clozapine and neutropenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Diagnostic dilemma’s in the new world of ICD-11 personality disorders
Authors: Wise M. 
Published: February 2022

Personality disorders have ever been a troublesome group. From the early 90’s ICD 10 tidied up the group. DSM-IV, IV-TR, aand then DSM 5, changed the style but not substance, leaving clinicians to grapple with thorny questions of multiple diagnoses, treatment and prognosis. International views on the utility of the diagnosis often depended upon the institution or the funding mechanism. Were fears of exclusion and stigma dominated or where there was no treatment, there was under-diagnosis, such as in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Where a label was a ticket of entry to treatment and funding, diagnostic generosity prevailed, such as in Australia, New Zealand and the United States. Gender discrepancies disappeared with structured interviews, and interest grew in the category which seem to only include the most severe forms. For many years the DSM taskforce tried to shift the construct but shied away from the cliff edge; a bold new initiative did not materialise. It was left to the ICD-11 to generate a much more adventurous and positive view of how characterological traits shift under pressure, moving from something that may at first have helped patients to ‘survive’ to something that became maladaptive and harmful. With a court tested case Dr Wise will demonstrate the differences between ICD-10 and ICD-11 highlighting the more important differences: onset, course and severity descriptors. PD’s are no longer lifelong impairments. Prepare for ‘The shock of the new’!DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown - case report
Authors: Jesus B. , Correia J. Martins , Ramos S. Freitas , Cruz E Sousa D. , Vaz Soares M.I. Fonseca Marinho 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn early 2020, governments started to implement different forms of public health measures, from physical distancing recommendations, to stay-at-home orders, to limit the propagation of COVID-19. Here we report the case of a 41-year-old woman, with a diagnosis of panic disorder. During the end of the lockdown, the patient presented psychopathological worsening, from her fear of Covid-19 infection, stemming from a heart failure disease and concerns regarding the hygiene and safety measures of those around her.ObjectivesPresentation of a clinical vignette.MethodsSelection and analisis of clinical case and review of the literature using PubMed database.ResultsThe COVID-19 pandemic and the measures adopted to prevent the spread of the disease had a huge impact on a personal, social, and economic level for the world population. The rise of fear and anxiety among people due to uncertainty about the disease are coupled with essential yet disruptive measures such as lockdowns and quarantines. The chronically ill population are especially vulnerable during such circumstances and require addressing their physical health and any psychological difficulties they might experience, being at higher risk of suffering physically from the pandemic’s disease as well as psychologically from the implemented countermeasures.ConclusionsThis vignette provides a case where a person’s psychiatric conditions are worsened due to the end of a pandemic lockdown, rather than the lockdown itself. Additional work should aim at comparing the experiences of the different countries affected by the pandemic in order to understand the size of the psychological impact, the potential risk and protective factors.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
On immediate verbal learning. Descriptive study in post-intensive care syndrome patients after COVID-19 infection in a functional rehabilitation unit in Spain. A pilot study
Authors: Maldonado-Belmonte M.J. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , La Torre E. Muñoz-De 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPost-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) is a physical, cognitive, emotional and functional condition resulting from prolonged stays in ICU (Intensive Care Unit). In pathologies with clinical characteristics similar to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, most patients showed cognitive deficits after discharge from ICU. In particular, previous studies describe impairment on verbal learning among PICS patients.ObjectivesTo analyse the immediate verbal-learning performance in patients with PICS after COVID-19 infection in a Functional Rehabilitation Unit in Madrid (Spain) using the Spanish version of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S).MethodsThis study was conducted in the Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, in Madrid (Spain). A sample of 17 PICS adult patients was included, with age ranging from 56 to 74 years old (mean = 68.35 years; 13 males). Patients were assessed around three weeks after referral from their reference hospital. The Verbal Learning Test-Immediate (VLT-I) of the SCIP-S was used as outcome. Descriptive analyses were conducted (mean and standard deviation) on standardized scores (z) based on age-adjusted general population norms. Significant impairment was set at z < -1.5.ResultsMean z-score on VLT-I was -1.08 (S.D. = .80) from the total sample, with 33.3% of cases with significant impairment (mean = -1.81; S.D. = .20).ConclusionsThese preliminary results show the probable presence of mild-moderate impairment on immediate verbal learning in a subgroup of patients, which was already observed in PICS patients with other medical conditions. Longitudinal studies, with larger samples, are needed where the premorbid cognitive level is considered.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Isolation syndrome in children: Clinical and psychological aspects in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Ivanov M. , Kotlyarov V. , Kozlovskaya G. , Kremneva L. , Kalinina M. , Krylatova T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection, a lockdown was introduced everywhere in the Russian Federation, the main psychological feature of which is social deprivation - the deprivation or restriction of social habitual real interactions.ObjectivesDescribe clinical and psychological manifestations in children in the context of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.MethodsDuring the period from June to September 2020, parents of 108 children of early, preschool and school age applied for advice. Children are divided into two groups: I -children with previously established mental disorders; II - children who have not previously been observed for developmental disorder by a psychiatrist.ResultsParents of children applied for counselling with complaints of psychological, neurotic and psychosomatic symptoms that were present in children during the period of lockdown. It was found that the active use of electronic gadgets, an abundance of alarming information from the media, can cause disturbances in the family system and become an additional risk factor in the developmental disorders and an increase in the existing psychopathological symptoms in children. However, in young children with normative development and in some children with autism spectrum disorder, the phenomenon of social isolation did not reveal any pronounced changes in the mental state towards deterioration; on the contrary, in a number of cases there is a weakening of previously manifested deviations, apparently associated with increased communication with the loved ones and increased parental attention.ConclusionsClinical and psychological services should offer preventive support to the entire family.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Clozapine treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dąbrowska E. , Galińska-Skok B. , Zalewski D. , Nobis A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionClozapine is an effective antipsychotic used in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. One of the serious complications of clozapine therapy is agranulocytosis, therefore regular monitoring of the level of white blood cells (WBC) in plasma is necessary. During acute inflammatory infections, including the COVID-19 infection, levels of clozapine may increase, by the CYP 450 system, leading to adverse effects such as sedation, hypersalivation and consequently to aspiration pneumonia.ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to assess the validity of continuing clozapine treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsBrief literature review, based on research of scientific articles published in PubMed, using as keywords the terms “clozapine” and “COVID-19”.ResultsResearch studies indicate that SARS-COV2 infection in patients treated with clozapine does not significantly reduce the level of neutrophils, despite commonly observed leucopenia with lymphopenia. Due to pandemic, existing WBC scheme has been modified with a trend towards less frequent measurements. To minimize the side effects of clozapine during infection, it is recommended to reduce the dose of clozapine by half and continue lower dose until 3 days after fever has subsided. Additionally, there have been reports of psychosis recurrence after discontinuation of clozapine causing difficulties in treatment COVID-19 as also comorbid mental disease.ConclusionsTreatment of clozapine is associated with higher risk of COVID-19 complications and at the same time COVID-19 infection may increase clozapine toxicity. Therefore, the risks of COVID-19 infection present a challenge for safe clozapine use. Further research will be needed to assess these dependencies and strategies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.