bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silent screams: Listening to and making meaning from the voices of abused children
Authors: Iorfa Steven Kator , Effiong James Edem , Apejoye Alice , Johri Tanya , Isaiah Uwemedimo Sunday , Eche Grace Oyikowo , Ottu Iboro F. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSexual violence against children is a major clinical, public health and human rights concern globally. Specifically, child sexual violence (CSV) is one of the world's leading causes of trauma in children. In extreme cases, victims of CSV grow up with a plethora of maladaptive behaviours, which may be salient in the course of growth but later present in adulthood as severe cases of comorbid psychopathologies. It is expected therefore that CSV cases be treated with urgency and policies/laws against perpetrators be translated into visible outcomes. However, many CSV cases go unreported; and where there are attempts at reporting, the manner and approach of handling these cases is discouraging and futile. In this study, we explored the lived experiences of CSV survivors in Nigeria who tried reporting and opening up their experiences.MethodUsing the hermeneutic phenomenological approach, responses from 11 girls aged 15 to 17 years at the time of the study and 8 to 16 years at onset of abuse were obtained. Data were gathered through interviews, and the victims' experiences were aggregated using content analysis.ResultsThe major findings were summarized under the following themes: (a) silent screams, (b) trauma and the search for a therapeutic ear, (c) stigma and (d) withdrawal: our last resort. Respondents reported crying out and begging perpetrators to stop the act. They also reported experiencing trauma and related physical/mental health issues after the act. As they sought whom to disclose to, they reported feeling stigmatized and eventually having to withdraw and recoil.ConclusionsImplications of the study cut across medical practice, social work, therapeutics and policy formation/implementation for the prevention of CSV and attending to CSV victims in hospitals, homes and schools. The importance of empathic therapeutic processes was discussed. The need for a multisectoral and multistakeholder approach in tackling CSV was also highlighted.
Stress hyperglycemia is associated with in‐hospital mortality in patients with diabetes and acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Mi Donghua , Li Zixiao , Gu Hongqiu , Jiang Yingyu , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveStress hyperglycemia may occur in diabetic patients with acute severe cerebrovascular disease, but the results regarding its association with stroke outcomes are conflicting. This study aimed to examine the association between stress‐induced hyperglycemia and the occurrence of in‐hospital death in patients with diabetes and acute ischemic stroke.Research Design and MethodsAll data were from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance (CSCA) database and were collected between 2016 and 2018 from >300 centers across China. Patients’ demographics, clinical presentation, and laboratory data were extracted from the database. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital death. The ratio of fasting blood glucose (FBG) to HbA1c was calculated, that is, the stress‐induced hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), to determine stress hyperglycemia following acute ischemic stroke.ResultsA total of 168,381 patients were included. The mean age was 66.2 ± 10.7, and 77,688 (43.0%) patients were female. The patients were divided into two groups: survivors (n = 167,499) and non‐survivors (n = 882), as well as into four groups according to their SHR quartiles (n = 42,090–42,099/quartile). There were 109 (0.26%), 142 (0.34%), 196 (0.47%), and 435 (1.03%) patients who died in the Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 quartiles, respectively. Compared with Q1 patients, the death risk was higher in Q4 patients (odds ratio (OR) = 4.02) (adjusted OR = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–2.92, p = 0.018 after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors). The ROC analyses showed that SHR (AUC = 0.667, 95% CI: 0.647–0.686) had a better predictive value for mortality than that of fasting blood glucose (AUC = 0.633, 95% CI: 0.613–0.652) and HbA1c (AUC = 0.523, 95% CI: 0.504–0.543).ConclusionsThe SHR may serve as an accessory parameter for the prognosis of patients with diabetes after acute ischemic stroke. Hyperglycemia in stroke patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of in‐hospital death.
The next generation of conservation research and policy priorities for threatened and exploited chondrichthyan fishes in the United States: An expert solicitation approach
Authors: Shiffman David S. , Elliott Jessica N. , Macdonald Catherine C. , Wester Julia N. , Polidoro Beth A. , Ferry Lara A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChondrichthyan fishes are ecologically and economically important, yet many are overfished or at elevated risk of extinction. Researchers report a desire to perform policy‐relevant science that can generate data in support of effective conservation and management plans, but also report a lack of clarity about how to most effectively to do that. To address this gap, we created a list of research and policy priorities for chondrichthyan species of conservation concern in US waters using a modified expert solicitation horizon scan approach. Thirty‐five policy‐relevant research priorities and twenty‐seven policy priorities are presented here, a list which can help to guide scientists and conservationists to maximize the effectiveness of their research and policy advocacy.
Perinatal foreign body aspiration in a Thoroughbred foal
Authors: Migliorisi Alessandro C. , Metcalfe Laurie , Gilsenan William F. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryA newborn Thoroughbred colt was referred after dystocia delivery and with clinical signs compatible with neonatal encephalopathy secondary to acute perinatal asphyxia. Appropriate treatment was started. Although this was followed by gradual and significant clinical improvement, persistent signs of upper respiratory disease warranted further diagnostic investigation. Upper respiratory tract endoscopic examination revealed the presence of an aspirated foreign body (believed to be a fragment of fetal membranes).
Quantitative thermographic method for fatigue life prediction under variable amplitude loading
Authors: Feng Ensheng , Wang Xiaogang , Jiang Chao , Crupi Vincenzo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantitative thermographic methodology (QTM), which takes energy dissipation as a fatigue indicator, has been successfully applied to predict the fatigue life of materials and welded joints under constant amplitude loading. This study advances the QTM approach for predicting the fatigue life under variable amplitude loading in both low and high cycle fatigue regimes. Experimental data, obtained by fatigue tests under variable amplitude loading, were used in order to apply the developed QTM approach and to demonstrate that it is able to take into account the loading sequence effect. Good predictions of the fatigue life were achieved.
Views on migration partnerships from the ground: Lessons from Nigeria
Authors: Olakpe Oreva 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhat is the current situation of migration partnerships and governance and how has it evolved? The perceived rise in migratory movement of African migrants towards Europe created legal and policy chain reactions in Europe focused on stemming irregular migration. These changes include the establishment and externalisation of an EU‐led migration governance in Africa and increased EU–African political engagement through migration dialogue and partnerships. This study investigates the state of play of EU–Africa migration partnerships to unpack lessons learned on transnational migration governance, using Nigeria as an example (The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.).
The characteristics of Australian Maternal and Child Health home visiting nurses undertaking family violence work: An interpretive description study
Authors: Adams Catina , Hooker Leesa , Taft Angela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore the family violence practice of home visiting nurses and identify the personal and professional characteristics of nurses undertaking family violence work.DesignA qualitative research design using interpretive description.MethodsThe family violence nursing practice and characteristics of home visiting nurses in Victoria, Australia, were explored by analysing semi‐structured interviews (n = 37) conducted over 4 months in 2019–2020. Twenty‐five nurses and 12 nurse managers worked in urban, regional city and rural/remote settings. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsWe categorized the characteristics of home visiting nurses into two broad themes with sub‐themes: ‘Things you can learn’; and ‘You just bring yourself’.ConclusionBy researching the characteristics of home visiting nurses undertaking family violence work, this study has identified the personal characteristics managers should consider when recruiting nurses to this specialist role. Identifying the personal and professional skills required will improve nurses' working experience by reducing the risk of a potential skill/role mismatch. These insights may enhance the effectiveness of home visiting nurses so that the Enhanced Maternal and Child Health program contributes effectively to the support of women experiencing family violence.ImpactInterviewing home visiting nurses and their managers has enabled a clearer insight into this specialist practitioner’s previously unexplored work. Identifying the nurses’ personal, professional, and clinical characteristics should inform the development of position roles and identify nurses who are best suited for this role. This knowledge will ensure that the Maternal and Child Health program effectively supports women experiencing family violence.
Mortality associated with COVID‐19 and hypertension in sub‐Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bepouka Ben , Situakibanza Hippolyte , Sangare Modibo , Mandina Madone , Mayasi Nadine , Longokolo Murielle , Odio Ossam , Mangala Donatien , Isekusu Fiston , Kayembe Jean Marie , Nachega Jean , Mbula Marcel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHypertension is a common comorbidity in COVID‐19 patients. However, little data is available on mortality in COVID‐19 patients with hypertension in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Herein, the authors conducted a systematic review of research articles published from January 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021. Our aim was to evaluate the magnitude of COVID‐19 mortality in patients with hypertension in SSA. Following the PRISMA guidelines, two independent investigators conducted the literature review to collect relevant data. The authors used a random effect model to estimate the odds ratio, or hazard ratio, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Furthermore, the authors used Egger's tests to check for publication bias. For mortality analysis, the authors included data on 29 945 COVID‐19 patients from seven publications. The authors assessed the heterogeneity across studies with the I2 test. Finally, the pooled analysis revealed that hypertension was associated with an increased odds of mortality among COVID‐19 inpatients (OR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.13–1.50). Our analysis revealed neither substantial heterogeneity across studies nor a publication bias. Therefore, our prespecified results provided new evidence that hypertension could increase the risk of mortality from COVID‐19 in SSA.
The association of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype with hypertension: A cross‐sectional study in a Chinese middle aged‐old population
Authors: Xuan Yan , Shen Ying , Wang Sujie , Gao Ping , Gu Xi , Tang Dou , Wang Xun , Zhu Fanfan , Lu Leiqun , Chen Ling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype and hypertension. We undertook a cross‐sectional study with a sample of 9015 adults from China. The HTGW phenotype was defined as elevated waist circumference (WC) and elevated triglyceride (TG) concentration. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the HTGW phenotype and hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in individuals with the HTGW phenotype, than in those with the normal waist normal triglyceride (NWNT) phenotype (89.9% vs 75.3%, respectively, P < .001). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, current smoker, and current alcohol consumption, the HTGW phenotype was associated with hypertension (Odds Ratio (OR)1.53; 95% CI 1.25–1.87). After further adjustment for potential confounders, the HTGW phenotype was still significantly associated with hypertension (adjusted OR1.28; 95% CI 1.04‐1.58) regardless of sex. The subgroup analyses generally revealed similar associations across all subgroups. This study indicated that the HTGW phenotype was strongly associated with hypertension, and blood pressure should be clinically monitored in individuals with the HTGW phenotype. We suggested a combined use of hypertriglyceridemia waist phenotype in identifying participants who are at high risk of hypertension.
Understanding the impact of ZBTB18 missense variation on transcription factor function in neurodevelopment and disease
Authors: Heng Julian I.‐T. , Viti Leon , Pugh Kye , Marshall Owen J. , Agostino Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMutations to genes that encode DNA‐binding transcription factors (TFs) underlie a broad spectrum of human neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we highlight the pathological mechanisms arising from mutations to TF genes that influence the development of mammalian cerebral cortex neurons. Drawing on recent findings for TF genes including ZBTB18, we discuss how functional missense mutations to such genes confer non‐native gene regulatory actions in developing neurons, leading to cell‐morphological defects, neuroanatomical abnormalities during foetal brain development and functional impairment. Further, we discuss how missense variation to human TF genes documented in the general population endow quantifiable changes to transcriptional regulation, with potential cell biological effects on the temporal progression of cerebral cortex neuron development and homeostasis. We offer a systematic approach to investigate the functional impact of missense variation in brain TFs and define their direct molecular and cellular actions in foetal neurodevelopment, tissue homeostasis and disease states.image
A chitinase involved in the mycoparasitism of Trichoderma atroviride on aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola
Authors: Li Jing , Kong Lei , Ma Changle , Bao Zeran , Zhang Dengyun , Chen Yuhui , Wang Changming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTrichoderma atroviride SS003 is a mycoparasite of Cronartium ribicola, and it has a significant destructive effect on rust aeciospores. Based on transcriptome sequencing results and qPCR validation, the expression of a chitinase gene named CHI10 was upregulated after induction for 24, 72 and 120 h. A 1.3‐kb cDNA of CHI10 was obtained by RT‐PCR from SS003 mycelium co‐cultured with the cell walls of the aeciospores for 24 h. After the prokaryotic expression of CHI10 gene in Escherichia coli, a recombinant 46.0 kD protein was obtained, and the target fusion protein was partially purified, which was shown to have destructive effects on the cell wall of aeciospores at 40–55°C. This chitinase may be associated with the mycoparasitism of T. atroviride on aeciospores of C. ribicola.
Surgical management of intrathoracic wooden skewers migrating from the stomach and duodenum in dogs: 11 cases (2014–2020)
Authors: Garcia‐Pertierra S. , Das S. , Burton C. , Barnes D. , Murgia D. , Anderson D. , Kulendra N. , Harris K. , Forster K. 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation, management and outcome of cases presenting with intrathoracic wooden skewers originating from the abdominal gastrointestinal tract.Materials and MethodsClinical records of dogs presented and treated for an intrathoracic wooden skewer were reviewed from June to August 2020. Data included signalment, clinical presentation, duration of clinical signs, haematological and biochemical abnormalities, diagnostic imaging findings, surgical procedure, postoperative complications and outcome.ResultsEleven dogs were included in the study. In all cases, the foreign body was identified as a wooden skewer. The most common clinical signs were anorexia/hyporexia (n=7), vomiting/regurgitation (n=7), lethargy (n=6), pyrexia (n=4) and gait abnormalities/lameness (n=3). CT correctly identified a wooden skewer in all cases when performed (n=7). A coeliotomy combined with transdiaphragmatic thoracotomy was performed in six of 11 cases (55%), a coeliotomy combined with median sternotomy in four of 11 cases (36%) and a median sternotomy alone was performed in one case. Foreign bodies penetrated from the stomach (n=10) or the duodenum (n=1). Intrathoracic trauma was most commonly identified to the lungs (n=3) and pericardium (n=3). Complications occurred in three of 11 cases (27%), two minor and one resulting in death. Ten of the 11 cases (91%) survived to discharge. Long‐term outcome was available for seven of 11 cases (66%), all of them excellent.Clinical SignificanceDespite the challenges of managing wooden skewers penetrating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal gastrointestinal tract, the majority of the patients are stable to undergo diagnostic procedures, surgical exploration and management with low morbidity and excellent short‐ and long‐term prognosis.
‘9th May 2017 is OUR DAY’: The Homeland Study Group Foundation and contested national imaginaries in postindependence Ghana
Authors: Adotey Edem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGhana has been held up as an oasis of stability in a highly volatile region of Africa due to its peaceful decolonisation process, absence of serious civil conflict and successful change of governments. However, in Ghana as in parts of postindependence Africa, there are lingering secessionist movements that are a legacy of colonialism. The latest comes from the Homeland Study Group Foundation (HSGF) which declared the former British Togoland, a former United Nations trust territory administered by the United Kingdom, as an independent state called Western Togoland. Through the prism of competing or alternative national imaginaries rather than the weak and dysfunctional state paradigm, this article seeks to explain the roots of a form of Togoland nationalism in Ghana in events of 1956 that remains relevant today. The paper argues that an apparently successful integration can stimulate/give sustenance to alternative nationalist imaginaries.
Ritual in practice: Creating epistemic friction and overcoming ideological imperviousness in an introductory religious studies class
Authors: Hotham Matthew R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Ritual in Practice Project, adapted from Elizabeth Corrie's Ascetic Withdrawal assignment, asks students in an introductory Religious Studies course at a public university to create a unique ritual practice, engage in it for a month, reflecting on it throughout the project. This activity attempts to circumvent what Jeanine Weakes Schoer calls “ideological imperviousness” by forcing students to encounter what Jose Medina has termed “epistemic friction” as they encounter their own “meta‐blindness” about religious difference. Students realize that the class requires them to do more than acquire object‐level information about religions, it asks them to examine how their own positionality shapes their perceptions of religion and religious difference. The Ritual in Practice Project is a form of “controlled failure” where students encounter the limitations of their own presuppositions about religious freedom in the U.S. and the relationship between belief in practice through an activity that seems low‐stakes and even playful.
KLB dysregulation mediates disrupted muscle development in intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Cortes‐Araya Yennifer , Stenhouse Claire , Salavati Mazdak , Dan‐Jumbo Susan O. , Ho William , Ashworth Cheryl J. , Clark Emily , Esteves Cristina L. , Donadeu F. Xavier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic animals. Developmental adaptations of skeletal muscle in IUGR lead to increased risk of premature muscle loss and metabolic disease in later life. Here, we identified β‐Klotho (KLB), a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) co‐receptor, as a novel regulator of muscle development in IUGR. Using the pig as a naturally‐occurring disease model, we performed transcriptome‐wide profiling of fetal muscle (day 90 of pregnancy) from IUGR and normal‐weight (NW) littermates. We found that, alongside large‐scale transcriptional changes comprising multiple developmental, tissue injury and metabolic gene pathways, KLB was increased in IUGR muscle. Moreover, FGF21 concentrations were increased in plasma in IUGR fetuses. Using cultures of fetal muscle progenitor cells (MPCs), we showed reduced myogenic capacity of IUGR compared to NW muscle in vitro, as evidenced by differences in fusion indices and myogenic transcript levels, as well as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. Moreover, transfection of MPCs with KLB small interfering RNA promoted myogenesis and mTOR activation, whereas treatment with FGF21 had opposite and dose‐dependent effects in porcine and also in human fetal MPCs. In conclusion, our results identify KLB as a novel and potentially critical mediator of impaired muscle development in IUGR, through conserved mechanisms in pigs and humans. Our data shed new light onto the pathogenesis of IUGR, a significant cause of lifelong ill‐health in humans and animals.Key points
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with large‐scale transcriptional changes in developmental, tissue injury and metabolic gene pathways in fetal skeletal muscle.
Levels of the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) co‐receptor, β‐Klotho (KLB) are increased in IUGR fetal muscle, and FGF21 concentrations are increased in IUGR fetal plasma.
KLB mediates a reduction in muscle development through inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling.
These effects of KLB on muscle cells are conserved in pig and human, suggesting a vital role of this protein in the regulation of muscle development and function in mammals.