bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying family-child activities among children with prenatal drug exposure in a Tribal Nation: Caregiver perspectives on barriers, facilitators and positive outcomes
Authors: Russette Helen , Brown Joshua , Belcourt Annie , McKay Kimber , Graham Niki , Semmens Erin O. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Native American newborns experience high rates of prenatal drug exposure leading to devastating outcomes within Indigenous communities. Such children are at heightened risk of maladaptive outcomes if early intervention does not occur. A need exists to identify strategies that promote resilience.

Objectives
Identify barriers and facilitators that families experience in family-child engagement activities across the community, culture, outdoors, and home settings to inform a cultural-sensitive and community-relevant study aimed at quantifying positive family-child engagement activities as a resilience factor in this population.

Methods
Biological parents and caregivers to children, ages 0–3 years old with or without prenatal drug exposure (N = 15) were recruited from the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes to participate in an in-person semi-structured interview. Data analysis consisted of research yarning and directed content analysis to collect unique stories and to identify common activities, barriers, supports and positive outcomes to families, respectively.

Results
Attending multiple powwows/celebrations, swimming, and reading were the most mentioned activities. Cost and transportation were common barriers. The most common support mechanism provided was having family or friends present to participate in activities. Cultural knowledge and bonding were common positive outcomes for a child engaging in activities. A collection of stories identified both familial barriers to traditional ways of knowing and participation in community, and community-implemented efforts to bridge that gap among families with a history of drug and alcohol use.

Conclusions
This study identifies potential resilience factors specific to families to children with prenatal drug exposure that reside in Indigenous communities.
Not knowing enough, not having enough, not feeling wanted: Challenges of community health workers providing maternal and newborn services in Africa and Asia
Authors: Olaniran Abimbola , Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Bar-Zeev Sarah , Madaj Barbara 
Published: September 2022

Background
Community health workers (CHWs) have been identified as a critical bridge to reaching many communities with essential health services based on their social and geographical proximity to community residents. However, various challenges limit their performance, especially in low-and middle-income countries. With the view to guiding global and local stakeholders on how best to support CHWs, this study explored common challenges of different CHW cadres in various contexts.

Methods
We conducted 36 focus group discussions and 131 key informant interviews in Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Malawi, and Nigeria. The study covered 10 CHW cadres grouped into Level 1 and Level 2 health paraprofessionals based on education and training duration, with the latter having a longer engagement. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
We identified three critical challenges of CHWs. First, inadequate knowledge affected service delivery and raised questions about the quality of CHW services. CHWs’ insufficient knowledge was partly explained by inadequate training opportunities and the inability to apply new knowledge due to equipment unavailability. Second, their capacity for service coverage was limited by a low level of infrastructural support, including lack of accommodation for Level 2 paraprofessional CHWs, inadequate supplies, and lack of transportation facilities to convey women in labour. Third, the social dimension relating to the acceptance of CHWs’ services was not guaranteed due to local socio-cultural beliefs, CHW demographic characteristics such as sex, and time conflict between CHWs’ health activities and community members’ daily routines.

Conclusion
To optimise the performance of CHWs in LMICs, pertinent stakeholders, including from the public and third sectors, require a holistic approach that addresses health system challenges relating to training and structural support while meaningfully engaging the community to implement social interventions that enhance acceptance of CHWs and their services.
SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the first three major COVID-19 waves in Bulgaria
Authors: Marinov Georgi K. , Mladenov Mladen , Rangachev Antoni , Alexiev Ivailo 
Published: September 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world over the past two years (2020-2021). One of the key questions about its future trajectory is the protection from subsequent infections and disease conferred by a previous infection, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the coronaviruses, a group of viruses the members of which are known for their ability to reinfect convalescent individuals. Bulgaria, with high rates of previous infections combined with low vaccination rates and an elderly population, presents a somewhat unique context to study this question.

Methods
We use detailed governmental data on registered COVID-19 cases to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 reinfections in Bulgaria in the period between March 2020 and early December 2021.

Results
For the period analyzed, a total of 4,106 cases of individuals infected more than once were observed, including 31 cases of three infections and one of four infections. The number of reinfections increased dramatically during the Delta variant-driven wave of the pandemic towards the end of 2021. We observe a moderate reduction of severe outcomes (hospitalization and death) in reinfections relative to primary infections, and a more substantial reduction of severe outcomes in breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals.

Conclusions
In the available datasets from Bulgaria, prior infection appears to provide some protection from severe outcomes, but to a lower degree than the reduction in severity of breakthrough infections in the vaccinated compared to primary infections in the unvaccinated.
Iron status and developmental delay among children aged 24–36 months
Authors: Ferdi Jessica , Bardosono Saptawati , Medise Bernie Endyarni 
Published: September 2022

Background Optimal child development is needed for adequate learning. Children, particularly toddlers, require iron for brain development, and consequently, overall development.
Objective To analyze for an association between iron status and developmental status in children aged 24–36 months.
Methods This explorative cross-sectional study was held in Kampung Melayu, Jakarta. Subjects were recruited using a total population sampling method. Data were collected through interview with parents, anthropometric examinations, and blood tests. Developmental status was determined using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) and iron status was based on ferritin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and hemoglobin levels. Data analyses included Chi-square/Fisher’s exact, Mann-Whitney, and logistic regression tests.
Results Of 80 subjects, 17.5% had developmental delay and 41.3% had deficient iron status. There was no significant association between iron status and developmental status in bivariate analysis, but the logistic regression analysis revealed that iron status (OR=6.9; 95%CI 1.328 to 35.633; P=0.022) and nutritional status (OR=11.75; 95%CI 1.551 to 88.979; P=0.017) contributed to developmental delay.
Conclusion Better iron status and nutritional status are associated with better child development of children aged 24–36 months. So efforts are needed to maintain iron status as well as nutritional status.
Analysis of the domestic market of compressor and ultrasonic nebulizers
Authors: Brytanova T. S. , Samko A. V. 
Published: September 2022

The aim of the work is to organize informational files about compressors and ultrasonic nebulizers determination of actuality and availability in marketing analysis of the domestic market.
Materials and methods. Data from the Apteka.UA and the official website of Tabletki.ua were used to analyze the brand and assortment structure of ultrasonic and compressor nebulizers. The search analytical, systematic, comparative, and statistical methods and methods of mathematical and logical analysis were used in the work.
Results. The analysis of the market of assortment and brand structures of the compressor and ultrasonic nebulizers was carried out. The obtained results showed the presence on the market of 16 manufacturers from 10 countries in the world of compressor nebulizers and 9 manufacturers from 7 countries in the world of ultrasonic nebulizers. Among them, the largest suppliers were identified, such as Omron Healthcare (Japan) and LLC Medhouse Swiss GmbH (Ukraine). The calculated stress coefficient indicated greater competition between compressor manufacturers (Kvi = 0.94) compared to ultrasonic (Kvi = 0.88) nebulizers. The level of monopolization was determined using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index. The results indicated a moderately concentrated market for both types of nebulizers. Analysis of socio-economic affordability by indicators of price liquidity ratio and solvency adequacy noted low availability of this group of goods for consumers of pharmacies.
Conclusions. The results of the company structure research indicated the vast majority of manufacturers of foreign companies and a wide range of both ultrasonic and compressor nebulizers. In the course of the work, the available commodity positions in pharmacies in Ukraine were investigated. According to the calculations of the coefficient of tension and the level of monopolization. It was possible to determine the competitiveness among manufacturing firms. The results of the assessment of the liquidity ratio and the adequacy of solvency made it possible to assess the purchasing power of the population in this group of goods.
Formulas for the numbers of sequences containing a given pattern given number of times
Authors: Serov Aleksandr A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Explicit recurrent formulas for the numbers of sequences containing a given pattern given number of times are constructed. These formulas depend on the length of the sequence, the length of the pattern and its period only. By means of these results one may find the distribution of statistics of the NIST overlapping matching test for binary sequences and arbitrary pattern parameters.
Effect of dispersibility of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of natural rubber latex composites using sodium dodecyl sulfate
Authors: Che Wern Ming , Teh Pei Leng , Yeoh Cheow Keat , Jalil Jalilah Binti Abd , Lim Bee Ying , Rasidi Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Natural rubber latex/graphene nanoplatelet (NRL/GNP) composites containing GNP-pristine and GNP–SDS were prepared by a simple mechanical mixing method. The main objective was to study the effect of dispersibility of GNP on the properties in NRL. X-ray diffraction confirmed the adsorption of sodium sulfate dodecyl (SDS) on the GNP surface. The results showed that high filler loading diminished the physical and mechanical properties of the composites but successfully endured to satisfy electrical conductivity to the NRL/GNP composites. Besides, the SDS surfactant-filled system demonstrated better physical, tensile, electrical, and thermal stability properties than the GNP-pristine. The intercalated and dispersed GNP–SDS increased the number of routes for stress and heat transfer to occur and facilitated the formation of conductive pathways as well, leading to the improvement of the properties as compared to NRL/GNP-pristine composites. However, as the GNP–SDS loading exceeded 5 phr, the GNP–SDS localized in the interstitial layer of NRL, restricted the formation of crosslinking, and interfered with the strain-induced crystallization ability of the composites.
Numerical simulation to the effect of applying rationing system on the stability of the Earth canal: Birmana canal in Iraq as a case study
Authors: Danoosh Alaa Hu. , Th. Al-Hadidi Maysam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtreme conditions will cause the water level of high fill canal segment to change suddenly, which will affect the velocity and pore pressure of the slope. A 9 km irrigation earth canal in the city of Alsyahy, 15 km away from Al-Hilla city, and branching off from the left side of Shatt Al-Hilla at 57 km, was studied. The aim of this work is to study and analyze the effect of rationing system on the Birmana earthen canal during rapid drawdown case. Finite element modeling with Geo-Studio software was used in the present study to analyze the combined seepage and slope stability for three cycles. The resulting minimum safety factor obtained from the analysis using the saturated and unsaturated soil model was found to be 1.161, 1.142, 1.159, and 1.2 from the Janbu, Bishop, Morgenstern-Price, and Spencer methods, respectively. The factor of safety (FOS) values in three cycles are less than the required value. Finally, the FOC decreased by 66% from its value before the rationing system was applied, the area of canal and slip surface increased by 77 and 14%, respectively, due to the applied rationing system. These changes led to an irregular water distribution along the canal, in addition to a reduction in road width.
Investigation of hybrid LD/LED system for UWOC link with depth variations
Authors: Abd Mertah N. , Ali Mazin Ali A. , Mohammed Nadheer J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, An UWOC system using a hybrid LD/LED link is proposed. A simulation was assumed to study the quality of the received optical signal with different modulation schemes such as 64-PPM, 4-QAM, NRZ-OOK, and RZ-OOK. A total of 64-PPM modulation schemes have enhanced the distance link compared with other modulation schemes. PIN and APD PDs are employed to validate the quality of the received optical signal under different water depths. Various metrics of BER, Q. factor, and data rate was introduced to assess the reliability of the hybrid LD/LED link. The simulation results show the proposed system can be achieved a good link with different water depths. The attenuation coefficient of water varies with depth and restricted the performance link distance by hybrid LD/LED link. The 64- PPM is a suitable modulation scheme for getting a long-distance link. The photodetector APD PD outperforms the PIN PD when 64-PPM and 4-QAM are applied.
Kant on Time II: The Law of Evidence of the
Critique of Pure Reason
Authors: Hyder David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dieter Henrich’s “Notion of a Deduction” (1989) opened up approaches to both Deductions in terms of legal as opposed to syllogistic reasoning. Since the KrV is shot through with juridical metaphors and analogies, many points of connection suggest themselves. In this paper, I extend and modify Henrich’s approach, in order to extract a particular logic of evidence. I argue that the three syntheses of the A-Deduction correspond to parts of a deductive procedure, and that their names have been chosen to indicate this connection to the reader. Nonetheless, the principal aim of the paper is not to develop and defend these historiographical claims, but to explicate the structure of the logic of evidence in question and link it to Kant’s intended refutation of Hume. Since the procedures Kant describes are part of the law of evidence of many nations and are equally well at work in contemporary information-theory, a precise reconstruction can map directly onto contemporary problems in philosophy, physics, and informatics, without any loss of historical accuracy.
Effects of topicality in the interpretation of implicit consequentiality: evidence from offline and online referential processing in Korean
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Chun Eunjin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is little consensus as to whether the use of implicit causal biases is driven exclusively by verb semantics or mediated by an interaction of verb semantics and other information sources. We tested whether the topic status of a subject modulates Korean speakers’ referential choices and processing in the interpretation of implicit consequentiality information. Results from two sentence-completion tasks (Experiment 1) showed more subject reference in participants’ continuations when the preceding subject was marked by the topic rather than the nominative marker, regardless of the directionality of the implicit consequentiality bias. In a self-paced reading task (Experiment 2), Korean speakers spent shorter reading times when the referent in the consequence clause was resolved as referring to the previous subject than when it referred to the previous object, although only in the topic-marked condition and not in the nominative-marked condition. Our results suggest that the implicit consequentiality effect remains consistent regardless of the subject’s topic status in the offline tasks, but the effect interacts with the topicality effect in real-time sentence processing. We discuss the implications of our findings for assumptions concerning the underlying mechanisms of referential resolution in discourse including causal bias verbs.
Importance of an In-Season Strength Training Program: A Reminder to Sport Coaches
Authors: Kraemer William J. , Nitka Mike 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The importance of an in-season strength training program has been lost by many sports coaches. It is up to the strength and conditioning professionals at all levels to reeducate those coaches who do not understand that this phase of the macrocycle is vital to long-term player development, injury prevention, and performance. Two-day-a-week interventions can help maintain or even improve athletes' physical capacities and sports performances. Not having an in-season program can result in detraining and increase the potential for injury with the loss of muscle and connective tissue strength and density.
Differential response of photosynthetic activity, leaf nutrient content and yield to long-term drought in cacao clones
Authors: Jaimez Ramón , Loor Rey , Arteaga Francisco , Márquez Víctor , Tezara Wilmer 
Published: September 2022

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is not frequently cropped in water limited environments, however it is cultivated in several drought-prone regions, where soil water is gradually depleted on an annual cycle. In regions where cacao is subjected to long periods without precipitation, the physiological responses under field conditions may differ between cacao clones. Evaluation of these responses are required to select potential clones that could be used for breeding programs in the context of future climatic scenarios. In order to identify physiological and yield responses to drought of 10 Ecuadorian cacao clones, relative leaf water content (RWC), CO2 assimilation rate (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), relative quantum yield of photosystems II (ΦPSII), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), leaf nutrient content (N, P K, Ca, and Mg) and yield were assessed during the dry (DS) and rainy seasons (RS). On average, A and E decreased by 33 and 22 %, respectively under drought, whereas WUE was higher during RS. Clones exhibited an increase in NPQ during DS, suggesting greater energy dissipation. Clones showed differences in macronutrient content and in most cases drought caused a reduction in Ca and Mg content. Two groups were established according to yield: one which maintained higher yields during RS, while the other had higher yields during drought. This offers strategic alternative in order to maintain a relatively high yield throughout the year with combination of clones in the plantations.
La densidad aparente y el tamaño de agregados del suelo controlan el crecimiento radical de Megathyrsus maximus
Authors: Ocampo Quijano Lucia Eloisa , Osorio Vega Walter N. , Martínez Atencia Judith , Cabrera Torres Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2022

La importancia de las propiedades físicas del suelo influye de manera apreciable en su funcionamiento, calidad del agua, control climático, ciclo de los nutrientes y biodiversidad, entre otros. Estas proporcionan más funciones ecosistémicas que solamente el aporte nutricional para la producción agrícola. Actualmente, el suelo está sometido a presión de manejo para la producción de alimentos, energía y materia prima y esto ha llevado a su deterioro físico y degradación. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar los efectos de la densidad aparente y el tamaño de agregados de suelo de sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) (proveniente de pasturas del bosque seco tropical) sobre el crecimiento del pasto guinea (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Mombasa. Para tal fin, se realizaron dos experimentos separados bajo condiciones de invernadero, estableciendo valores crecientes a cada variable a través de ejercer fuerzas mecánicas (densidad aparente: 0.93-1.80 Mg m-3) y tamizado (tamaño medio de agregados: 0.125-7.15 mm) y luego se sembraron semillas del pasto y se dejaron crecer por 30 días. Se encontraron dos modelos funcionales que relacionan la biomasa de las raíces del pasto con el valor de la densidad aparente y con el tamaño medio de agregados del suelo. Se concluye que para ambas variables se detectan modelos de regresión cuadrática, es decir, de punto óptimo; siendo estos valores óptimos para la densidad aparente de 1.0 Mg m-3 y de tamaño de agregados de 1.5-2.0 mm. Estos parámetros podrían ser utilizados como indicadores físicos en el diagnóstico de la salud del suelo y de utilidad en el establecimiento de pasturas de la región del Valle del Rio Sinú.
CONDICIONES PALEOCLIMATICAS MIOCENICAS EN LAS CAPAS ROJAS Y EN LOS PALEOSUELOS DE LOS GRUPOS LA ARENOSA Y LA VENTA, DESIERTO DE LA TATACOA, HUILA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Flórez Molina María Teresa 
Published: September 2022

Del Mioceno del Valle Superior del Magdalena, Colombia, se resaltan los Grupos La Venta y La Arenosa. En La Venta (13.8-11.6 Ma, pos oscilaciones), la sedimentación la produjo ríos aluviales y fluviales que dejaron enormes depósitos arenosos, limosos y gravillosos rosados en base y techo, al interior capas líticas grises y, limos rojos, duros y meteorizados y paleosuelos. Sobresale dentro del grupo la Formación Villavieja por su riqueza fosilífera y en ella la Unidad Arenas Ferruginosas. En esta los paleosuelos (Sodic Haplotorrerts), se formaron en un clima estacionalmente muy contrastado, bajo un régimen tórrido (inviernos fríos y húmedos y veranos muy cálidos y más secos). La Arenosa es contemporánea con el Óptimo Climático del Mioceno Medio (MMCO), la Transición Climática del Mioceno Medio (MMCT) y la Anomalía Isotópica de Oxígeno (Mi-3b). Su sedimentación la produjo enormes ríos caudalosos que dejaron depósitos arenosos y limosos grises. En él se resalta La Formación La Borrega que tiene cuatro Paquetes Colorados (PC) duros y meteorizados, coetáneos con el MMCO. En los limos y arenas que los separan, cinco paleosuelos (Lithic Haplusterts), formados en un clima estacional, contrastado, bajo un régimen ústico (inviernos fríos y extremadamente húmedos). La Venta y La Arenosa, tienen capas rojas altamente meteorizadas enriquecidas en carbonatos, sales, Fe y Al, sin evidencias de pedogénesis. Los paleosuelos contenidos dentro de ellas, también son de color rojo. Este color podría ser debido a la liberación de hierro de los minerales primarios, por meteorización y/o pedogénesis. Su difusión dentro de la matriz y posterior oxidación, se propone como el mecanismo responsable del color dominante en las capas rojas del desierto de La Tatacoa.