bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Base-Modification Reports and Locates Z-DNA Conformation on a Z-B-Chimera Formed by Topological Constraint
Authors: Liu Mengqin , Cui Yixiao , Zhang Yaping , An Ran , Li Lin , Park Soyoung , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Liang Xingguo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two complementary mini single-stranded DNA circles can hybridize with each other and form Z-B-chimera with a stable left-handed duplex part under low ionic strength conditions. However, we do not know clearly whether this left-handed part has Z-DNA conformation or a new left-handed one. In this study, 2′-OMe-thG, a fluorescent nucleobase, was introduced to detect the formation of Z-DNA conformation at a fixed point of sequence simply by measuring fluorescence change under various conditions. Results showed that the base pair at the modified site formed and the corresponding duplex structure took the Z-conformation in the Z-B-chimera. Z-DNA can form at low ionic strength such as 1.0 mM MgCl2, 75 mM NaCl or 140 mM KCl, which is lower than that of physiological ionic conditions. We also found that formation of Z-DNA becomes more difficult at lower pH (pH &lt;6). This straightforward approach can be used to investigate Z-DNA formation by observing the fluorescence. Formation of Z-B-chimera can be used as a versatile tool to understand Z-DNA characteristics as well as its biological significance.
Highly Efficient Wideband Solar Energy Conversion Employing Singlet-Triplet Transitions
Authors: Kinoshita Takumi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Panchromatic sunlight energy harvesting is one of the key technologies to improve the performance of photovoltaics; however, while the near-infrared (NIR) light energy is easily converted into heat, energy conversion has proven difficult. In this study, we synthesize a new type of photosensitizer that exhibits singlet–triplet transitions (spin inversion transition, S–T transition) in the NIR region. Using these sensitizers, we achieved highly efficient wideband photoenergy conversion, exceeding 1000 nm, with dye-sensitized solar cells. With only one type of small molecule, this was able to capture half of the photons in sunlight and convert them into electrical energy. This account describes the highly efficient panchromatic energy conversion, and solution-processed multijunction cells using perovskite solar cells.
Working Paper 7: The political economy of asset recovery processes
Authors: Pavletic Ivan 
Published: January 2022

Since the mid-1990s, the fight against corruption has become an integral part of the international development agenda. Along with the growing concern about corruption, the problem of assets stolen by public officials came to the fore of the agenda. This is evidenced by a steady increase in international agreements, such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions adopted in 1997, and the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) signed in 2003. The UNCAC, in particular, includes specific mechanisms that facilitate repatriation of stolen public assets.
Since political will is the concentrated expression of powerful political and economic interests in a country, more attention must be paid to these interests when it comes to asset recovery measures. This is the aim of the working paper.
By using the political economy framework, the paper identifies the political and institutional obstacles to effective policy implementation. The focus will be on the factors involved in the process of international recovery of stolen assets, although this process can and should not be analysed separately from the broader challenge of the fight against corruption. Both these issues are interrelated and can have a significant impact on each other.
Working Paper 29: Recovering assets in support of the SDGs
Authors: Pfister Mike 
Published: January 2022

This Working Paper aims to contribute to the international policy dialogue on the link between asset recovery and countries’ pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals.
It contends that supporting countries in recovering stolen assets and promoting sustainable development are mutually reinforcing. It also aims to correct the false reputation of asset recovery as a very technical legalistic field of development cooperation, and to generate broader understanding of the far-reaching role that asset recovery can play to foster development.
The paper argues that helping countries recover stolen assets, anchored in target 16.4 of the SDGs, can mobilise important resources to finance development or poverty reduction efforts.
In addition, it explores how asset recovery plays a critical role in strengthening some of the key foundations of sustainable development, such as the rule of law and strong, transparent and accountable institutions.
Combining “hard assets” in terms of actual assets recovered and the “soft assets” that are needed to do so effectively, ranging from the capacity of law enforcement institutions to the political will to fight criminal networks, provides a powerful foundation for sustainable development.
Exploring the experiences of the cardiac rehabilitation journey among South Asian patients
Authors: Lotto Robyn R , Newson Lisa , Patel Tasneem , McGinn Emily , Jones Ian D 
Published: January 2022

Background/AimsIndividuals from South Asian backgrounds are at greater risk of developing coronary heart disease. Cardiac rehabilitation reduces the risk of future cardiac events, yet uptake is low among South Asian populations. This study explored South Asian patients' understanding and experiences of cardiac rehabilitation.MethodsThis qualitative, semi-structured study identified a purposeful sample of 36 eligible patients, of whom six participated in an interview that explored their experiences and perceptions of cardiac rehabilitation. Data were analysed using inductive analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: starting the conversation; expectation vs reality; and meeting patient needs. Patients perceived cardiac rehabilitation as additional support rather than a fundamental part of care. Moreover, they considered the content of cardiac rehabilitation programmes to lack cultural sensitivity, which influenced both attendance and perceived relevance.Conclusions:Nurses must promote cardiac rehabilitation during the acute phase of recovery, while considering South Asian patients' beliefs, perceptions and cultural acceptance of cardiac rehabilitation. Invitations to attend and cardiac rehabilitation delivery must be personalised, accounting for cultural influences on lifestyle.
Glucose sensor modeling based on Fano resonance excitation in titania nanotube photonic crystal coated by titanium nitride as a plasmonic material
Authors: Elsayed Asmaa M. , Ahmed Ashour M. , Aly Arafa H. 
Published: January 2022

The brilliant optical properties of plasmonic metal nitrides improve many applications. Modeling of light-confining Fano resonance based on a titanium nitride (TiN)-coated titanium oxide one-dimensional photonic crystal is investigated as a glucose sensor. There is a cavity layer filled with a glucose solution between the TiN thin layer and photonic crystals. The reflection spectrum is calculated numerically by using Bruggeman’s effective medium approximation and transfer matrix method. The effect of plasmonic layer thickness, cavity layer thickness, and the thicknesses of the titanium oxide nanotube layers are optimized to achieve a high performance sensor. The result shows that the Fano resonances shift to higher wavelengths with increasing glucose concentration. The best sensitivity of the optimized biosensor is about 3798.32 nm/RIU. Also, the sensor performance parameters such as the limit of detection, figure of merit, and quality factor are discussed. The proposed sensor can be of potential interest due to its easy fabrication and higher performance than many previous reported sensors in the sensing field.
Polarization-dependent and angle-insensitive absorber with hyperbolic material
Authors: Sui Chao , Liu Yue , Wang Xiang-Guang , Zhou Sheng , Fu Shu-Fang , Wang Xuan , Zhang Qiang , Liang Hong , Wang Xuan-Zhang 
Published: January 2022

A polarization-dependent and angle-insensitive absorber based on surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) is proposed based on a sandwiched layer structure that consists of a patterned

α
-

M
o

O

3

layer, a dielectric layer, and a gold layer. The absorption remains larger than 95% for TE incidence wave with incident angles from 0° to 30° in the wavelength range from 13.7 to 18.3 µm, which is a broadband absorber. At the same time, the absorption remains larger than 95% for TM incidence wave with incident angles from 0° to 60° in the wavelength range from 11.52 to 11.66 µm, which is a narrowband absorber. It is interesting that the absorber can also be used to fabricate the ideal filter of transverse electric (TE) wave in the wavelength range from 11.52 to 11.66 µm and an ideal filter of transverse magnetic (TM) wave from 15.03 to 18.37 µm. Moreover, one can combine an ideal filter of polarization and a perfect absorber into one single device. The proposed absorber shows promising performance, which has potential applications in sensing, imaging, and detection.
Interbirth interval practices among reproductive age women in rural and Urban kebeles in Farta Woreda: Case-control study
Authors: Mihretie Gedefaye Nibret , Getie Simegnew Asmer , Shiferaw Shumye , Ayele Alemu Degu , Liyeh Tewachew Muche , Kassa Bekalu Getnet , Asferie Worku Necho 
Published: January 2022

Background
Closely spaced births have been reported all over the world especially in developing countries, and they have been correlated with poor maternal and infant health. Enhancing optimal birth interval is one of the key strategies to promote the health status of mothers and their children. However, factors affecting short birth intervals have not been identified in the study area and region. This study was aimed to assess determinants of short birth interval practice among reproductive women in Farta woreda, Ethiopia, 2019.

Methods
Community based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from February to March 2019. The sample size of 303 (101 case and 202 controls) was included by using multistage sampling and then study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by structured and pre-tested face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaires from the selected respondents. The collected data were entered with Epi-Data version 4.2 and analyzed by using SPSS version 23 software. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the association. Odds ratios, 95% CI, and P-value <0.05 were used to determine the statistical association.

Results
Women who had no formal education (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI (1.19, 3.88), had not a history of antenatal care follow up (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI (1.55, 4.56)), did not use modern contraceptives before getting the latest pregnancy (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI (1.74, 6.95)) and duration of breastfeeding less than 24 months (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI (2.06, 6.24)) were significantly associated with short birth interval.

Conclusions and recommendation
Maternal education, duration of breastfeeding, contraceptive utilization, and antenatal follow-up were identified as the predictor variables of short birth interval practice. Therefore, providing health information for reproductive-age women about the benefit of contraceptive utilization, breastfeeding practice and antenatal care follow up to minimize problems resulting from the short birth intervals.
Novel track field test to determine Vpeak, relationship with treadmill test and 10-km running performance in trained endurance runners
Authors: Manoel Francisco de A. , Peserico Cecilia S. , Machado Fabiana A. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the peak running velocity on the track field (Vpeak_TF) based on the laboratory treadmill test (Vpeak_T), and relate the Vpeak values as well as their correlation with the 10-km running performance in trained endurance runners.

Method
Twenty male trained endurance runners (age: 29.5 ± 5.3 years; V̇O2max: 67.5±17.6 ml · kg-1·min-1) performed three maximum incremental tests to determine the Vpeak: one for Vpeak_T determination and two to obtain Vpeak_TF on the official track field (400 m), and a 10-km running performance. During the incremental tests, maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximal rating of perceived exertion (RPEmax), and peak lactate concentration (LApeak) were determined.

Results
The results showed significant difference between the Vpeak_TF and Vpeak_T (18.1 ± 1.2 vs. 19.2 ± 1.5 km·h-1, respectively), as well as the total time of the tests, the distance traveled and the RPEmax determined during the tests. A high correlation was observed between the Vpeak values (r = 0.94), and between Vpeak_TF and Vpeak_T with 10-km running performance (r = -0.95 vs. r = -0.89, respectively).

Conclusions
The good agreement and association with Vpeak_T and high correlation with 10-km running performance demonstrate that the novel track field test is efficient for Vpeak_TF determination.
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men accessing STI clinics: Optimizing HIV PrEP implementation
Authors: Samji Hasina , Hu Jia , Otterstatter Michael , Hull Mark , Grennan Troy , Moore David , Gilbert Mark , Higgins Rob , Wong Jason 
Published: January 2022

Background
Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) who attend STI clinics represent an easily accessible population for promoting HIV prevention interventions. We examined characteristics of gbMSM STI clinic attendees to identify those who could most benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Setting
GbMSM STI clinic attendees in British Columbia (BC), Canada

Methods
A clinical electronic charting system of STI clinics in BC was used to identify gbMSM from 2004 to 2017. Incident HIV cases were defined as testers who had at least one HIV-negative test and a subsequent HIV-positive test. Seroconversion rates were calculated by risk factor variables and by year. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent predictors of HIV seroconversion.

Results
There were 9,038 gbMSM included, of whom 257 HIV seroconverted over the study period and 8,781 remained negative HIV testers, contributing 650.8 and 29,591.0 person-years to the analysis, respectively. The overall rate of seroconversion was 0.85 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.75–0.96). Incidence rates were higher among patients reporting >5 partners in the previous six months, inconsistent condom use, or having a partner living with HIV and who had a previous or concurrent diagnosis of rectal gonorrhea or rectal chlamydia. gbMSM presenting with two STIs such as rectal gonorrhea and syphilis (3.59/100 person-years [95%CI: 2.33–5.22]) or rectal chlamydia and syphilis (3.01/100 person-years [95%CI: 2.00–4.29]) had the highest incidence rates.

Conclusion
gbMSM with preceding or concurrent rectal STI diagnoses or syphilis had higher rates of HIV seroconversion. The data support the inclusion of specific STI diagnoses as an indication for PrEP.
Validation of a quantitative web-based food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake in the adult Emirati population
Authors: El Mesmoudi Najoua , Al Dhaheri Ayesha S. , Feehan Jack , Stojanovska Lily , Ali Habiba I. 
Published: January 2022

Background and objectiveA culture-specific web-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intake in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) adult population was developed using data from the 2009–2010 national nutrition survey. The objective of this study was to assess the relative validity of the newly developed FFQ for use in the adult Emirati population (AE-FFQ), which contained a list of 139 food lines.MethodsA convenient sample of 60 (36 females and 24 males) adult Emiratis completed 3 non-consecutive 24HRs over a period of one month, followed by the AE-FFQ, which assessed the intake over the previous month. Relative validity was evaluated by comparing nutrient and food group intakes from the AE-FFQ with the average three 24HRs using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Spearman’s correlation coefficients (CC), Bland-Altman analysis, and cross-classification.ResultsThe AE-FFQ overestimated energy and most nutrients and food groups. Bland–Altman analysis showed significant proportional bias between the 2 methods. Deattenuated energy-adjusted Spearman correlation coefficients were poor to good ranging from 0.06 (iron) to 0.62 (fiber) for nutrients, 0.39 median value, and from –0.01 (cruciferous vegetables) to 0.64 (eggs) for food groups, 0.41 median value. A fairly acceptable agreement was obtained, with correct classification into the same or adjacent quartile ranging from 34% (vitamin B12) to 78% (pyridoxine), median 69% for nutrients and from 55% (diet soft drinks) to 87% (soft drinks), median 67% for food groups.ConclusionsThe AE-FFQ is an acceptable tool for ranking UAE adults (aged 18 to 50) according to their dietary intake to investigate the role of Emirati dietary patterns on health and disease. Caution is needed for assessing absolute intake, however, given the bias observed in assessing group-level agreement.
Exploring association between place of delivery and newborn care with early-neonatal mortality in Bangladesh
Authors: Ijdi Rashida-E , Tumlinson Katherine , Curtis Siân L. 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Bangladesh achieved the fourth Millennium Development Goal well ahead of schedule, with a significant reduction in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2015. However, the reduction in neonatal mortality has been stagnant in recent years. The purpose of this study is to explore the association between place of delivery and newborn care with early neonatal mortality (ENNM), which represents more than 80% of total neonatal mortality in Bangladesh.

Methods
In this study, 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data were used to assess early neonatal survival in children born in the three years preceding the survey. The roles of place of the delivery and newborn care in ENNM were examined using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for clustering and relevant socio-economic, pregnancy, and newborn characteristics.

Results
Between 2012 and 2014, there were 4,624 deliveries in 17,863 sampled households, 39% of which were delivered at health facilities. The estimated early neonatal mortality rate during this period was 15 deaths per 1,000 live births. We found that newborns who had received at least 3 components of essential newborn care (ENC) were 56% less likely to die during the first seven days of their lives compared to their counterparts who received 0–2 components of ENC (aOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.24–0.81). In addition, newborns who had received any postnatal care (PNC) were 68% less likely to die in the early neonatal period than those who had not received any PNC (aOR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16–0.64). Facility delivery was not significantly associated with the risk of early newborn death in any of the models.

Conclusion
Our study findings highlight the importance of newborn and postnatal care in preventing early neonatal deaths. Further, findings suggest that increasing the proportion of women who give birth in a healthcare facility is not sufficient to reduce ENNM by itself; to realize the theoretical potential of facility delivery to avert neonatal deaths, we must also ensure quality of care during delivery, guarantee all components of ENC, and provide high-quality early PNC. Therefore, sustained efforts to expand access to high-quality ENC and PNC are needed in health facilities, particularly in facilities serving low-income populations.
Characteristics of pediatric emergency department frequent visitors and their risk of a return visit: A large observational study using electronic health record data
Authors: Vrijlandt Sanne E. W. , Nieboer Daan , Zachariasse Joany M. , Oostenbrink Rianne 
Published: January 2022

Background
Among pediatric emergency department (ED) visits, a subgroup of children repeatedly visits the ED, making them frequent visitors (FVs). The aim of this study is to get insight into the group of pediatric ED FVs and to determine risk factors associated with a revisit.

Methods and findings
Data of all children aged 0–18 years visiting the ED of a university hospital in the Netherlands between 2017 and 2020 were included in this observational study based on routine data extraction. Children with 4 or more ED visits within 365 days were classified as FVs. Descriptive analysis of the study cohort at patient- and visit-level were performed. Risk factors for a recurrent ED visit were determined using a Prentice Williams and Peterson gap time cox-based model. Our study population of 10,209 children with 16,397 ED visits contained 500 FVs (4.9%) accounting for 3,481 visits (21.2%). At patient-level, FVs were younger and more often suffered from chronic diseases (CDs). At visit-level, frequent visits were more often initiated by self-referral and were more often related to medical problems (compared to trauma’s). Overall, FVs presented at the ED more often because of an infection (41.3%) compared to non-FVs (27.4%), either associated or not with the body system affected by the CD. We identified the presence of a comorbidity (non-complex CD HR 1.66; 1.52–1.81 and complex CD HR 2.00; 1.84–2.16) as determinants with the highest hazard for a return visit.

Conclusion
Pediatric ED FVs are a small group of children but account for a large amount of the total ED visits. FVs are younger patients, suffering from (complex) comorbidities and present more often with infectious conditions compared to non-FVs. Healthcare pathways, including safety-netting strategies for acute manifestations from their comorbidity, or for infectious conditions in general may contribute to support parents and redirect some patients from the ED.