bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Deep Learning System to Detect Esophageal Cancer by Barium Esophagram
Authors: Zhang Peipei , She Yifei , Gao Junfeng , Feng Zhaoyan , Tan Qinghai , Min Xiangde , Xu Shengzhou 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundImplementation of deep learning systems (DLSs) for analysis of barium esophagram, a cost-effective diagnostic test for esophageal cancer detection, is expected to reduce the burden to radiologists while ensuring the accuracy of diagnosis.ObjectiveTo develop an automated DLS to detect esophageal cancer on barium esophagram.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using deep learning for esophageal cancer detection. A two-stage DLS (including a Selection network and a Classification network) was developed. Five datasets based on barium esophagram were used for stepwise training, validation, and testing of the DLS. Datasets 1 and 2 were used to respectively train and test the Selection network, while Datasets 3, 4, and 5 were respectively used to train, validate, and test the Classification network. Finally, a positioning box with a probability value was outputted by the DLS. A region of interest delineated by experienced radiologists was selected as the ground truth to evaluate the detection and classification efficiency of the DLS. Standard machine learning metrics (accuracy, recall, precision, sensitivity, and specificity) were calculated. A comparison with the conventional visual inspection approach was also conducted.ResultsThe accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of our DLS in detecting esophageal cancer were 90.3%, 92.5%, and 88.7%, respectively. With the aid of DLS, the radiologists’ interpretation time was significantly shortened (Reader1, 45.7 s vs. 72.2 s without DLS aid; Reader2, 54.1 s vs. 108.7 s without DLS aid). Respective diagnostic efficiencies for Reader1 with and without DLS aid were 96.8% vs. 89.3% for accuracy, 97.5% vs. 87.5% for sensitivity, 96.2% vs. 90.6% for specificity, and 0.969 vs. 0.890 for AUC. Respective diagnostic efficiencies for Reader2 with and without DLS aid were 95.7% vs. 88.2% for accuracy, 92.5% vs. 77.5% for sensitivity, 98.1% vs. 96.2% for specificity, and 0.953 vs. 0.869 for AUC. Of note, the positioning boxes outputted by the DLS almost overlapped with those manually labeled by the radiologists on Dataset 5.ConclusionsThe proposed two-stage DLS for detecting esophageal cancer on barium esophagram could effectively shorten the interpretation time with an excellent diagnostic performance. It may well assist radiologists in clinical practice to reduce their burden.
A Multiparametric Method Based on Clinical and CT-Based Radiomics to Predict the Expression of p53 and VEGF in Patients With Spinal Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Wang Qizheng , Zhang Yang , Zhang Enlong , Xing Xiaoying , Chen Yongye , Nie Ke , Yuan Huishu , Su Min-Ying , Lang Ning 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis project aimed to assess the significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p53 for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with spinal giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and to construct models for predicting these two biomarkers based on clinical and computer tomography (CT) radiomics to identify high-risk patients for improving treatment.Material and MethodsA retrospective study was performed from April 2009 to January 2019. A total of 80 patients with spinal GCTB who underwent surgery in our institution were identified. VEGF and p53 expression and clinical and general imaging information were collected. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to verify the prognostic factors. The radiomics features were extracted from the regions of interest (ROIs) in preoperative CT, and then important features were selected by the SVM to build classification models, evaluated by 10-fold crossvalidation. The clinical variables were processed using the same method to build a conventional model for comparison.ResultsThe immunohistochemistry of 80 patients was obtained: 49 with high-VEGF and 31 with low-VEGF, 68 with wild-type p53, and 12 with mutant p53. p53 and VEGF were independent prognostic factors affecting PFS found in multivariate Cox regression analysis. For VEGF, the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) was greater in the high than low groups, p &lt; 0.001. For p53, SINS (p = 0.030) and Enneking stage (p = 0.017) were higher in mutant than wild-type groups. The VEGF radiomics model built using 3 features achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88, and the p53 radiomics model built using 4 features had an AUC of 0.79. The conventional model built using SINS, and the Enneking stage had a slightly lower AUC of 0.81 for VEGF and 0.72 for p53.Conclusionp53 and VEGF are associated with prognosis in patients with spinal GCTB, and the radiomics analysis based on preoperative CT provides a feasible method for the evaluation of these two biomarkers, which may aid in choosing better management strategies.
Anxiety and Depression in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Lebherz Corinna , Frick Michael , Panse Jens , Wienstroer Philipp , Brehmer Katrin , Kerst Gunter , Marx Nikolaus , Mathiak Klaus , Hövels-Gürich Hedwig 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionAnxiety and depression can worsen outcome in patients with heart disease. We elucidate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in a cohort of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD).Materials and MethodsProspective screening for anxiety or depression was performed in 204 consecutive patients of the outpatient clinic of our tertiary care center using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire and the distress thermometer (DT) as a potential ultra-short screening test. Functional data were assessed at liberty of the responsible physician. HADS scores ≥ 8 were considered doubtful and scores ≥ 11 as confirmed cases of anxiety or depression, respectively. HADS results were compared with a historical group of 100 patients with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) as well as German reference values from the literature.ResultsPatients from the ACHD cohort were 28 ± 10 years old (mean ± SD, 54% male), 34% had a simple, 51% a moderate, including 52 patients with transposition of the great arteries after arterial switch operation, and 15% a heart defect of severe complexity. Prevalence of depression in ACHD was comparable to the German normal population (5.9% ACHD vs. 5.4% control). In contrast, prevalence of anxiety was higher than expected from reference values (12.7% ACHD vs. 5.6% control). There was a positive association between psychological distress and NYHA class [anxiety: OR 2.67 (95% CI, 1.50–4.76) p = 0.001; depression: OR 2.93 (95% CI, 1.60–5.35) p = 0.0005], but not with age, gender, or heart defect severity. Percentages of patients with ACHD with anxiety were significantly higher than in a cohort of patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) but comparable to those with aggressive NHL (HADS-A ≥ 11: ACHD 12.7%, indolent NHL 2.2%, aggressive NHL 13.2%; p = 0.037 ACHD vs. indolent NHL; p = 0.929 ACHD vs. aggressive NHL). The distress thermometer screening test had only a fair discriminatory ability (AUC 0.708; p = 0.002) and is therefore of limited usability.ConclusionAdults with congenital heart disease exhibit an increased risk for anxiety disorders independently of the severity of the underlying heart defect. Anxiety prevalence was comparable to a historical cohort of patients with aggressive NHL underlining the importance of a routine screening for psychosocial distress in adults with congenital heart disease.
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Shows That Immunity/GnRH/PI3K-Akt Pathways Are Associated With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Dai Qi , Pu Shan-Shan , Yang Xue , Li Chang , He Yafei , Liu Xiaobo , Wang Gang 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundOpioid use disorder (OUD), which is most commonly exhibited as addiction, is a persistent chronic disease that places a burden on families and society. Various peripheral traits have been linked to OUD in the past, but research on this topic is insufficient.MethodsSeven male patients with OUD and 7 male healthy controls with matched demographic and clinical data were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood RNA was used to construct an rRNA-removed library and a small RNA library. The peripheral transcriptomic differences between the two groups were investigated using RNA-seq. Differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified by bioinformatics methods, and functional enrichment analysis with differentially expressed RNAs was performed to investigate the potential biological mechanisms of OUD.ResultsA total of 229 mRNAs (115 upregulated, 114 downregulated), 416 lncRNAs (191 upregulated, 225 downregulated), 17 circRNAs (16 upregulated, 1 downregulated) and 74 miRNAs (42 upregulated, 32 downregulated) were differentially expressed between the OUD group and the healthy control group. Functional enrichment analysis with differentially expressed mRNAs showed that immunity, GnRH secretion, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were associated with OUD. Immunity-, JAK-STAT-, and insulin-related pathways were enriched in functional enrichment analysis of target genes predicted by differentially expressed miRNAs.ConclusionWe identified hundreds of differentially expressed genes that were enriched in immunity, GnRH secretion and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Some genes with significant changes might be used as potential biomarkers for progression and treatment of OUD.
Molecular Epidemiology of AY.28 and AY.104 Delta Sub-lineages in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranasinghe Diyanath , Jayathilaka Deshni , Jeewandara Chandima , Gunasinghe Dumni , Ariyaratne Dinuka , Jayadas Tibutius Thanesh Pramanayagam , Kuruppu Heshan , Wijesinghe Ayesha , Bary Fathima Farha , Madhusanka Deshan , Pushpakumara Pradeep Darshana , Guruge Dinuka , Wijayamuni Ruwan , Ogg Graham S. , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe worst SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Sri Lanka was due to the two Sri Lankan delta sub-lineages AY.28 and AY.104. We proceeded to further characterize the mutations and clinical disease severity of these two sub-lineages.Methods705 delta SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced by our laboratory from mid-May to November 2021 using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore were included in the analysis. The clinical disease severity of 440/705 individuals were further analyzed to determine if infection with either AY.28 or AY.104 was associated with more severe disease. Sub-genomic RNA (sg-RNA) expression was analyzed using periscope.ResultsAY.28 was the dominant variant throughout the outbreak, accounting for 67.7% of infections during the peak of the outbreak. AY.28 had three lineage defining mutations in the spike protein: A222V (92.80%), A701S (88.06%), and A1078S (92.04%) and seven in the ORF1a: R24C, K634N, P1640L, A2994V, A3209V, V3718A, and T3750I. AY.104 was characterized by the high prevalence of T95I (90.81%) and T572L (65.01%) mutations in the spike protein and by the absence of P1640L (94.28%) in ORF1a with the presence of A1918V (98.58%) mutation. The mean sgRNA expression levels of ORF6 in AY.28 were significantly higher compared to AY.104 (p &lt; 0.0001) and B.1.617.2 (p &lt; 0.01). Also, ORF3a showed significantly higher sgRNA expression in AY.28 compared to AY.104 (p &lt; 0.0001). There was no difference in the clinical disease severity or duration of hospitalization in individuals infected with these sub lineages.ConclusionsTherefore, AY.28 and AY.104 appear to have a fitness advantage over the parental delta variant (B.1.617.2), while AY.28 also had a higher expression of sg-RNA compared to other sub-lineages. The clinical implications of these should be further investigated.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Toward Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19) in Southeast and South Asia: A Mixed Study Design Approach
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur , Marzo Roy Rillera , Chowdhury Shanjida , Qalati Sikandar Ali , Hasan Mohammad Nayeem , Paul Gowranga Kumar , Abid Khadijah , Sheferaw Wegayehu Enbeyle , Mariadass Angela , Chandran Divitra , Kanan Shasvini , Firdaus Ahmad Umar Shafie Bin Ahmad , Sabarin Fatimah Az Zahra' binti , Lin Yulan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCoronavirus has spread to almost every country since its emergence in Wuhan, China and countries have been adopted an array of measures to control the rapid spread of the epidemic. Here, we aimed to assess the person's knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) toward the COVID-19 epidemic in Southeast and South Asia applying the mixed study design (cross-sectional and systematic review).MethodsIn the cross-sectional study, 743 respondents' socio-demographic and KAP-related information was collected through an online population-based survey from the Malaysian population. In the systematic review, the database PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar search engine were searched and related published articles from South and Southeast Asia were included. Frequency distribution, Chi-square association test and binary logistic regression were fitted using cross-sectional data whereas random effect model and study bias were performed in meta-analysis. We used 95% confidence interval and P &lt;0.05 as statistical significances.ResultsThe prevalence of good knowledge, positive attitude and frequent practice toward COVID-19 epidemic were 52.6%, 51.8% and 57.1%, respectively, obtained by cross-sectional data analysis. The KAP prevalence were ranged from 26.53% (Thailand) to 95.4% (Nepal); 59.3% (Turkey) to 92.5% (Pakistan); and 50.2 (Turkey) to 97% (Afghanistan), respectively, obtained by 18 studies included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of KAP was higher [84% vs. 79%, Pheterogeneity &lt;0.001; 83% vs. 80%, Pheterogeneity &lt;0.001; 85% vs. 83%, Pheterogeneity &lt;0.001] in South Asia compared to Southeast Asia, obtained by subgroup analysis. Some studies reported mean level instead of the proportion of the KAP where the score varied from 8.15–13.14; 2.33–33.0; and 1.97–31.03, respectively. Having more knowledge and attitude were encouraged more likely to practice toward COVID-19. Study suggests age, gender, education, place of residence and occupation as the most frequent significant risk factors of KAP toward COVID-19.ConclusionThe study sufficiently informs how other countries in Southeast and South Asia enriches their KAP behaviors during the pandemic which may help health professionals and policymakers to develop targeted interventions and effective practices.
Ultra-Processed Foods Elicit Higher Approach Motivation Than Unprocessed and Minimally Processed Foods
Authors: Lemos Thayane C. , Coutinho Guilherme M. S. , Silva Laiz A. A. , Stariolo Jasmin B. , Campagnoli Rafaela R. , Oliveira Leticia , Pereira Mirtes G. , Mota Bruna E. F. , Souza Gabriela G. L. , Canella Daniela S. , Khandpur Neha , David Isabel A. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundUltra-processed foods (UPF) are becoming extensively available in the food environments. UPF are industrial formulations that are designed to maximize palatability and consumption through a combination of calorie-dense ingredients and chemical additives. UPFs are also aggressively marketed, which may make them more attractive than unprocessed/minimally processed foods (UMPF). Since consumers' purchase decisions are guided by food-evoked emotions, we aimed to provide evidence that UPF visual cues trigger higher emotional responses and approach motivation than UMPF visual cues, with potential impacts on individuals' intention to consume the UPF over the UMPF.MethodsParticipants (n = 174; 144 women; mean age = 20.7 years; standard deviation = 4.35) performed two tasks. In the first task, 16 pictures of foods (8 UPF and 8 UMPF), and 74 pictures from other affective categories, were presented. After viewing each picture, the participants rated it along two basic dimensions of emotion through the Self-Assessment Manikin scale: pleasantness and arousal. In the second task, the participants viewed the same food pictures, and they rated their intention to consume the foods depicted in the pictures. Each picture was plotted in terms of its mean pleasantness and arousal ratings in a Cartesian plane, which resulted in an affective space.ResultsPictures of UPF and UMPF were positioned in the upper arm of the boomerang-shaped affective space that represents approach motivation. Pictures containing UPF triggered higher approach motivation and intention to consume than pictures containing UMPF. We also found a stronger association between emotional responses and intention to consume UPF relative to UMPF.ConclusionThese results shed new light on the role of ultra-processed foods evoked emotions that contribute to less healthy and sustainable food environments.
Enhancing Red Yeast Biomass Yield and Lipid Biosynthesis by Using Waste Nitrogen Source by Glucose Fed-Batch at Low Temperature
Authors: Gientka Iwona , Wirkowska-Wojdyła Magdalena , Ostrowska-Ligęza Ewa , Janowicz Monika , Reczek Lidia , Synowiec Alicja , Błażejak Stanisław 
Published: June 2022

This work reports the effect of simple feeding strategies and temperature to obtain high-cell-density cultures of Rhodotorula glutinis var. rubescens LOCKR13 maximizing the de novo lipid productivity using deproteinated potato wastewater (DPW) as a basic medium. Feeding DPW with glucose enables a high yield of Rhodotorula glutinis var. rubescens LOCKR13 biomass (52 g d.w. L−1) to be obtained. The highest values of lipid accumulation (34.15%, w/w), production (14.68 g L−1) and yield coefficients (YL/S: 0.242 g g−1), and volumetric productivity (PL: 0.1 g L−1 h−1) were reached by the strain in the two-stage fed-batch process at 20 °C. The lipid of yeast biomass was rich in oleic acid (Δ9C18:1) and palmitic acid (C16:0), and the lower temperature of incubation significantly increased the MUFA (especially oleic acid) content. For the first time, a unique set of thermal analyses of the microbial oil was performed. The isotherms of the oxidation kinetics (PDSC) showed that lipids extracted from the biomass of red yeast had high oxidative stability. This feature of the yeast oil can be useful for long-shelf-life food products and can be promising for the production of biodiesel.
Long-term, high-dose opioid prescription for chronic non-cancer pain in primary care: an observational study
Authors: Bailey John , Gill Simon , Poole Rob 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundOpioid prescriptions for chronic pain have risen sharply over the last 25 years; harms associated with these drugs are related to dose and length of use.AimThe main aim of this study was to identify patients prescribed long-term, high-dose (LTHD) opioids in the community and to assess the prevalence of such use.Design & settingAn observational study of opioid prescribing in two demographically dissimilar GP practices in North Wales, UK.MethodDetails of opioid prescriptions were collected for 22 841 patients, of whom 1488 (6.5%) were being prescribed opioids on the census date. Exhaustive examination of the data identified all patients who were prescribed oral morphine equivalent doses of ≥120 mg/day for ≥1 year.ResultsAll these patients were being prescribed ≥120 mg/day, as a single drug, morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, or buprenorphine, irrespective of opioid polypharmacy. Across both practices, 1.71/1000 patients were identified as LTHD users of opioid medication for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Prevalence was similar in the two practices. Repetition of the process until January 2021 showed no change in the pattern.ConclusionThis study offers confirmation that a significant group of patients are prescribed long-term opioid medication for chronic pain at doses that are unlikely to be effective in reducing pain, but are likely to have harmful consequences. The findings offer a simple, reliable, and practical method of data extraction to identify these patients individually from routinely collected prescribing data, which will help in monitoring and treating individuals and establishing the problem prevalence.
A novel digital rectoscope for the triage of lower gastrointestinal symptoms in primary care: a prospective multicentre feasibility study
Authors: Lewis James , Askari Alan , Mehta Arihant , Razak Yasmin , Patel Prash , Misra Ravi , Tilney Henry , Ahmed Tanveer , Ahmed Mooyad , Syeed Adnan , Camilleri-Brennan John , Nicholls Ralph John , Kinross James Macalister 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAccess to community rectoscopy might help to ease the burden on hospital services and reduce costs for the NHS. To assess this, a prospective multicentre observational phase I feasibility study of a novel digital rectoscope and telestration software for the triage of lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was undertaken.AimTo determine if digital rectoscopy is feasible, acceptable, and clinically safe.Design & settingEvaluation of clinician case reports and patient questionnaires from patients recruited from five primary care centres.MethodAdults meeting 2-week wait (2WW) criteria for suspected lower GI cancer, suspected new diagnosis, or flare-up of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were enrolled. Examinations were performed by primary care practitioners using the LumenEye rectoscope. The CHiP platform allowed immediate remote review by secondary care. A prospective analysis was performed of patient and clinician experiences, diagnostic accuracy, and cost.ResultsA total of 114 patients were recruited and 110 underwent the procedure (46 [42%] females and 64 [58%] males). No serious adverse events were reported. Eighty-two (74.5%) patients reported that examination was more comfortable than expected, while 104 (94.5%) felt the intervention was most convenient if delivered in the community. Clinicians were confident of their assessment in 100 (87.7%) examinations. Forty-eight (42.1%) patients subsequently underwent colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or computed tomography virtual colonoscopy (CTVC). The overall sensitivity and specificity of LumenEye in identifying rectal pathology was 90.0% and 88.9%. It was 100% and 100% for cancer, and 83.3% and 97.8% for polyps. Following LumenEye examination, 19 (17.3%) patients were discharged, with projected savings of 11 305 GBP.ConclusionDigital rectoscopy in primary care is safe, acceptable, and can reduce referrals. A phase III randomised controlled trial is indicated to define its utility in reducing the burden on hospital diagnostic services.
Kadınların pap smear testi yaptırma durumu, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve servikal kanserin erken tanısına yönelik tutumları
Authors: AKIN Bihter , ERKAL AKSOY Yasemin , KARAKUŞ Özge 
Published: June 2022

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı kadınların pap smear testi yaptırma durumu, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve servikal kanserin erken tanısına yönelik tutumlarını belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışma toplam 267 kadınla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında ‘Tanıtıcı Özellikler Soru Formu’ ‘Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları Ölçeği-II (SYBDÖ-II) ve Servikal Kanserin Erken Tanısına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (SKETTÖ) kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınlar arasında pap smear yaptırma oranı %33 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışan ve eğitim düzeyi yüksek kadınların sağlık sorumluluğu düzeylerinin, rutin olarak jinekolojik muayene olan kadınların ise serviks kanserinin erken tanısına yönelik tutum düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sağlıklı yaşam davranışları ile serviks kanserinin erken tanısına yönelik tutum düzeyi arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar kadınların pap smear testi hakkında yeterli bilgi sahibi olmadığını ve test yaptırma oranının istenen düzeyde olmadığını göstermektedir. Kadınların serviks kanserinin erken tanısına yönelik tutumlarının olumlu yönde geliştirilmesi ve pap smear testi yaptırma oranlarının artırılması için özellikle birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşlarında konu ile ilgili halk eğitim etkinliklerinin düzenlenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.