bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted Refraction Variability Due to Reliability of Nine Optical Biometers for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
Authors: Rocha-de-Lossada Carlos , Rodríguez-Vallejo Manuel , Rachwani-Anil Rahul , Burguera Noemí , Fernández Joaquín 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
To assess the influence of reliability (repeatability and reproducibility) of eye parameter measurements on the prediction refraction by using the outcomes of nine optical biometers reported in the literature.

METHODS:

A search was conducted in PubMed focused on the outcomes from original studies regarding reliability. The mean population of within-subject standard deviation (Sw) was estimated from the mean samples reported in the included studies. Repeatability coefficients (
R
) for the mean population were computed as 2.77 × Sw. The influence of reliability on the prediction refraction for eye biometric parameters, such as mean corneal power in diopters (D) (Km), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axial length (AXL), were evaluated using a thick lens formula. The lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and white-to-white (WTW) distance were also evaluated.

RESULTS:
The repeatability of optical biometers ranged from 0.19 to 0.42 D for Km, from 0.04 to 0.13 mm for ACD, from 0.03 to 0.22 mm for AXL, from 0.06 to 0.13 mm for LT, from 5.5 to 17.7 µm for CCT, and from 0.18 to 0.48 mm for WTW distance. Total prediction refraction due to repeatability ranged from 0.21 to 0.61 D, with Km the variable that caused the major part of total prediction refraction variability, followed by AXL and ACD. Reproducibility for the evaluated variables was generally inside the repeatability ranges.

CONCLUSIONS:
New optical biometers are equally reliable as earlier technologies. Special attention should be focused on Km and AXL, which explain the major part of prediction refraction variability.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(2):120–127.]
Comparison of Central and Peripheral Contrast Sensitivity Between Healthy and Refractive Surgery Patients Using the Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) Test
Authors: Tsiogka Anastasia , Karmiris Efthymios , Samoli Evangelia , Spaeth George L. 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:
To assess contrast sensitivity of central and peripheral vision with a newly developed, internet-based Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) test in patients who underwent myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FSLASIK) refractive surgery in comparison with controls.

METHODS:
In a retrospective study, a total of 186 eyes from 93 patients were analyzed: 62 eyes from 31 patients for each of the three groups under comparison. Patients who underwent a refractive surgery procedure and controls were evaluated using the SPARCS test. SPARCS scores were obtained for central and four peripheral areas (right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower quadrants). Total, central, and peripheral SPARCS scores in patients with refractive surgery were compared with controls, adjusting for possible confounders. Multivariate and mixed linear regression models were used.

RESULTS:
Patients who had PRK had a lower score in all categories compared with the control group: by 5.9 points (95% CI: −9 to −2.8) in the total score, by 1.6 points (95% CI: −3 to −0.3) in the central score, and by 5.5 points (95% CI: −9.4 to −1.6) in the peripheral score. Patients who had FS-LASIK had non-statistically significant lower scores than the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:
PRK causes a decrease in central and peripheral contrast sensitivity.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(2):128–133.]
Safety and Efficacy of Low-dose Selective Spinal Anesthesia with Bupivacaine and Fentanyl as Compared to Intravenous Sedation and Port-Site Infiltration for Outpatient Laparoscopic Tubal Ligation
Authors: Sarkar Priyasmita , Singh Yudhyavir , Patel Nishant , Kumar Shailendra , Khanna Puneet , Kashyap Lokesh , Subramaniam Rajeshwari 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Selective spinal anesthesia has been safely applied for short-duration outpatient gynecological laparoscopic procedure. However, this anesthesia technique is often inadequate and not tolerated by awake patients due to pneumoperitoneum and visceral manipulation.

Aims:
We aimed to conduct a study to compare spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine, fentanyl, and i.v. sedation with i.v. sedation and laparoscopic port-site infiltration with local anaesthetic in outpatient laparoscopic tubal ligation procedures.

Settings and Design:
100 female patients posted for elective surgeries were recruited for a prospective single blind randomised control trial in a tertiary care center in two groups.

Materials and Methods:
In Group S, patients receive intrathecal 3 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% plus 20 microgram fentanyl along with intravenous (i.v.) fentanyl at 1μg.kg-1.h-1 and in Group C i.v. fentanyl at 1μg.kg-1.h-1 along with laparoscopic port site infiltration with 0.5% bupivacaine. Postoperatively, overall patient satisfaction, visual analog score (VAS) score, duration of motor blockade, sensory blockade, and time to attain discharge criteria and any adverse.

Statistical Analysis:
Continuous variables between the groups were compared by the independent t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum. Chi-square and Fisher exact test used for the categorical value.

Results:
Overall VAS was significantly lower and patient satisfaction was higher in Group S than Group C. Time to oral intake was significantly prolonged in Group C 126.33 (±29.54) compared to group S 110.81 (±29.54). The requirement of total rescue analgesia (fentanyl) was significantly higher in Group C 2.0 (±0.6) μg.kg-1 compared to group S 0.79 (±0.53) μg.kg-1. Incidence of postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV) was significantly greater in Group C while incidence of pruritus was significantly greater in Group S.

Conclusion:
Low-dose intrathecal anesthesia with 3 mg bupivacaine and 20 μg fentanyl provided better analgesia, patient satisfaction and with less opioids consumption.
Manifestation of Neurological Symptoms in Patients with Severe Covid-19 in the Intensive Room
Authors: Sarongku Tommy , Widyantara I Wayan , Laksmidewi Anak Agung Ayu Putri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
In addition to causing respiratory problems, patients with COVID-19 infection also present with neurological symptoms. We report neurological symptoms in a patient with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to the intensive care unit.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a descriptive observational study from the patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) from October 2020 to September 2021 with neurological symptoms. Inclusion criteria for participants were patients who were confirmed positive for COVID-19 from the results of the nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swab, with neurological symptoms that appeared less ≤5 days before the results of the COVID-19 PCR swab were confirmed. Exclusion criteria were patients with negative PCR swab results, patients presenting with neurological symptoms >5 days before confirmed PCR, and patients with previously known neurological disorder.

Results:
A total of 160 COVID-19 patients were admitted to the ICU with neurological symptoms, consisting of 99 males (61.9%) and 61 females (38.1%). A total of 35 patients (21.9%) complained of headache, nine patients (5.6%) complained of vestibular disturbances, 23 patients (14.4%) with seizures, 88 patients (55%) with decreased consciousness (encephalopathy), nine patients with intracranial infection, 67 patients (41.9%) with stroke, and nine patients (5.6%) with movement disorders.

Conclusion:
The most common neurological symptom in severe COVID-19 patients treated in our ICU was decreased consciousness, followed by stroke and headache. Neurological symptoms found in patients with severe COVID-19 infection can be caused by direct viral infection or indirectly through the mechanism of severe hypoxia due to respiratory failure.
Treating Vaginal Relaxation Syndrome Using Erbium
Authors: Setyaningrum Trisniartami , Tjokroprawiro Brahmana Askandar , Listiawan M. Yulianto , Santoso Budi , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
Vaginal relaxation syndrome (VRS) comprises vaginal laxity and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Laser vaginal tightening (LVT) therapy using a fractional erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) 2.940 nm laser may represent a nonsurgical option for both complaints. This study evaluates the effectiveness and side effects of fractional Er:YAG laser therapy in VRS patients. The improvement in VRS was evaluated.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study analyzing the medical records of patients treated with fractional Er:YAG laser therapy in our private clinic in Surabaya, Indonesia. Objective questions were asked to rate patients’ satisfaction with the results of the therapy, namely dissatisfaction, and mild, moderate, or strong satisfaction. Statistical analysis used, data were input into tables in Microsoft Excel.

Results:
Twenty-four VRS patients (54% with vaginal laxity, 33% with SUI, and 13% with vaginal laxity and SUI) were studied. Most of the patients were 36–45-year-old and had 2 children, and 79% of the patients had had a vaginal delivery. After 3 LVTs, mild satisfaction was observed in 15% of patients, moderate satisfaction was noted in 54% of patients, and high satisfaction was noted in 31% of patients. Among 11 patients with SUI, 36% recovered after the first LVT, and 100% recovered after the second LVT therapy. One patient experienced mild fluor albus as a side effect.

Conclusion:
LVT therapy with a fractional Er:YAG laser was determined to be effective and safe as a treatment for VRS.
A Concordance Study of COMLEX-USA and USMLE Scores
Authors: Barnum Stuart , Craig Brandon , Wang Xaolin , Sandella Jeanne , Tsai Tsung-Hsun , Boulet John , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Under the single GME accreditation system, residency programs receive applicants from MD- and DO-granting medical schools, each of which have their own set of licensing examinations, making concordance studies increasingly relevant. Previous studies comparing Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States (COMLEX-USA) and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores have been limited in sample size and examinee composition and have yielded comparisons that may not be generalizable across all applicants. Some osteopathic medical students take USMLE in addition to COMLEX-USA, often at considerable cost and effort, with the aim of making themselves more desirable to potential residency programs. Having more reliable comparisons of COMLEX-USA and USMLE scores would allow program directors to better estimate a score on the alternate examination.

Objective
To derive an accurate concordance between COMLEX-USA and USMLE scores, based on a large sample of osteopathic students who took both examinations.

Methods
Five colleges of osteopathic medicine, representing various regions of the United States, participated in this study. The data included demographics and COMLEX-USA and USMLE scores from September 2015 through August 2020 for students who took both examinations. We derived the concordance between COMLEX-USA and USMLE scores using equipercentile matching.

Results
Comparisons of demographic characteristics showed only minor differences between the sample and the overall population for COMLEX-USA takers, although scores for the study sample were, on average, greater.

Conclusions
A strong association exists between the scores on the COMLEX-USA and USMLE examinations, allowing prediction of performance on USMLE from COMLEX-USA.
Understanding the Influence of the Junior Attending Role on Transition to Practice: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dunbar-Yaffe Richard , Wu Peter E. , Kay Tatjana , Mylopoulos Maria , McDonald-Blumer Heather , Gold Wayne L. , Stroud Lynfa 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The Junior Attending (JA) role is an educational model, commonly implemented in the final years of training, wherein a very senior resident assumes the responsibilities of an attending physician under supervision. However, there is heterogeneity in the model's structure, and data are lacking on how it facilitates transition to independent practice.

Objective
The authors sought to determine the value of the JA role and factors that enabled a successful experience.

Methods
The authors performed a collective case study informed by a constructivist grounded theory analytical approach. Twenty semi-structured interviews from 2017 to 2020 were conducted across 2 cases: (1) Most Responsible Physician JA role (general internal medicine), and (2) Consultant JA role (infectious diseases and rheumatology). Participants included recent graduates who experienced the JA role, supervising attendings, and resident and faculty physicians who had not experienced or supervised the role.

Results
Experiencing the JA role builds resident confidence and may support the transition to independent practice, mainly in non-medical expert domains, as well as comfort in dealing with clinical uncertainty. The relationship between the supervising attending and the JA is an essential success factor, with more productive experiences reported when there is an establishment of clear goals and role definition that preserves the autonomy of the JA and legitimizes the JA's status as a team leader.

Conclusions
The JA model offers promise in supporting the transition to independent practice when key success factors are present.
RECICLAGEM E EMPREENDEDORISMO NA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NA COSTA RICA - O DIAGNÓSTICO DO LIXO
Authors: Magera Conceição Márcio 
Published: February 2022

A sociedade contemporânea está passando por uma profunda e aceleradatransformações (Santos, 2000). No campo do meio ambiente, as consequências de tais transformações (reestruturação produtiva, cultural, política, tecnológica e social) têm provocado reflexões sobre o uso derecursos naturais e a possibilidade de maior consciência da sociedade em o que se refere à reciclagem de lixo, bem como uma postura mais ecológica em relação com o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Will daytime community calcification reflect reef accretion on future, degraded coral reefs?
Authors: Lantz Coulson A. , Leggat William , Bergman Jessica L. , Fordyce Alexander , Page Charlotte , Mesaglio Thomas , Ainsworth Tracy D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Coral bleaching events continue to drive the degradation of coral reefs
worldwide, causing a shift in the benthic community from coral- to algae-dominated ecosystems. Critically, this shift may decrease the capacity of
degraded coral reef communities to maintain net positive accretion during
warming-driven stress events (e.g., reef-wide coral bleaching). Here we
measured rates of net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and net ecosystem
production (NEP) on a degraded coral reef lagoon community (coral cover
< 10 % and algae cover > 20 %) during a reef-wide
bleaching event in February 2020 at Heron Island on the Great Barrier
Reef. We found that during this bleaching event, rates of NEP and NEC across
replicate transects remained positive and did not change in response to
bleaching. Repeated benthic surveys over a period of 20 d indicated an
increase in the percent area of bleached coral tissue, corroborated by
relatively low Symbiodiniaceae densities (∼ 0.6 × 106 cm−2) and dark-adapted photosynthetic yields in photosystem II of
corals (∼ 0.5) sampled along each transect over this period.
Given that a clear decline in coral health was not reflected in the overall
NEC estimates, it is possible that elevated temperatures in the water column
that compromise coral health enhanced the thermodynamic favorability for
calcification in other ahermatypic benthic calcifiers. These data suggest
that positive NEC on degraded reefs may not equate to the net positive
accretion of a complex, three-dimensional reef structure in a future, warmer
ocean. Critically, our study highlights that if coral cover continues to
decline as predicted, NEC may no longer be an appropriate proxy for reef
growth as the proportion of the NEC signal owed to ahermatypic calcification
increases and coral dominance on the reef decreases.
MAKAM GEDIBRAH: TINJAUAN NILAI-NILAI SEJARAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF FOLKLOR
Authors: Onok Yayang Pamungkas  , Ibrahim Abdillah  
Published: February 2022

This study used descriptive qualitative research methods to obtain a descriptive study of folklore and symbolic meaning. While the research strategy used in this study is ethnographic research to obtain a description of the historical values at the Gedibrah Tomb and data collection is carried out by in-depth interviews and participant observation. Gedibrah grave is located in Tambakagung Village, Klirong District, Kebumen Regency, Central Java province. It is located in the middle of rice fields. The grave is known by local residents for its historical value so that the Gedibrah grave is one of the historical icons in Tambakagung Village, Klirong District and the community in several nearby villages. In this study, the folklore that is raised is the historical values that exist in the Gedibrah grave, Tambakagung Village, Klirong District. The nuances of culture are still be highlighted around the grave. The choice of this topic because it is quite popular and well known in the surrounding local community. The need for this research is to understand and interpret the historical value in the Gedibrah grave. To capture this value, it is also necessary to understand the culture at the time the story was made. Based on the results of the research, and the folklore which as a part of folklore has long lived in the community in certain areas, including in Tambakagung Village, Klirong District, Kebumen Regency, it has been spread orally from one generation to the next generation hereditary.
Keywords: Grave, Gedibrah grave, Tambakagung Village.
Penerapan Adab Melalui Pendidikan Non Akademik Keislaman
Authors: Soedjiwo Novena Ade Fredyarini 
Published: February 2022

Perkembangan zaman berindikasi dengan kemajuan teknologi, berdampak positif dan negatif. Indikasi positif dapat diterima baik oleh masyarakat luas, tetapi indikasi negatif, memerlukan cara pikir dan pandang dalam mengatasi kondisi tersebut. melalui teknologi yang canggih dan kehidupan sosial mulai menurun dalam berinteraksi secara tangible, sehingga memunculkan perilaku tidak baik. Sebagai contoh, siswa kurang mampu berinteraksi sopan dalam mengimlementasikan rasa hormat dengan guru dan orang tua.
Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara dari beberapa pendidik keislaman pada jenjang pendidikan menengah pertama atau madrasah di Denpasar, dapat menjelaskan proses pembelajaran ekstrakurikuler berbasis keislaman. Melalui pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskritif mampu mendeskripsikan secara interpretatif dengan dianalisis berdasarkan teori yang berhubungan dengan perubahan perilaku dan karakter. Penerapan adab melalui pendidikan non akademik berbasis keislaman dapat memberikan perubahan baik segi mental, sikap, dan prestasi.
Peran Lembaga Keuangan Syariah Terhadap UMKM yang Terdampak Pandemi COVID 19 di Indonesia
Authors: Kusjuniati Kusjuniati 
Published: February 2022

The period of the Covid-19 pandemic had a huge impact on public health around the world and a very heavy economic impact on various countries in the world including Indonesia. Almost all community economic activities were affected by this pandemic which caused company operations and other community economic operations to stop. Including UMKM activities in Indonesia which have experienced a downturn due to the Covid-19 pandemic. UMKM, which are people's economic activities, have contributed much to the Gross Domestic Product, which is 60.3% of the total GDP. UMKM absorb 97% of the workforce from 99% of the total employment. Therefore, to revive UMKM during the Covid-19 pandemic, it is hoped that the role of Sharia Financial Institutions (LKS) for UMKM so that they can return to carrying out economic activities throughout Indonesia. LKS that play a role in generating UMKM activities are Sharia Banking, Baitul Maal wat Tamwil and Baznas.

ABSTRAK
Masa pandemic covid-19 memberikan dampak yang begitu besar pada kesehatan masyarakat seluruh dunia dan dampak perekonomian yang sangat berat pada berbagai Negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Hampir semua kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat terkena dampak pandemi ini yang menyebabkan operasional perusahaan dan operasional ekonomi masyarakat lainnya terhenti. Termasuk kegiatan UMKM di Indonesia yang mengalami keterpurukan akibat pandemi covid-19. UMKM yang merupakan kegiatan ekonomi rakyat memberikan kontribusi tidak sedikit pada Produc Domestik Bruto yaitu sebesar 60,3% dari total PDB. UMKM menyerap 97% tenaga kerja dari jumlah 99% total lapangan kerja. Oleh karena itu untuk kembali membangkitkan UMKM dimasa pandemi covid-19 diharapkan peran Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (LKS) terhadap UMKM agar bisa kembali menjalankan kegiatan perekonomian di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. LKS yang berperan dalam membangkitkan kegiatan UMKM adalah Perbankan Syariah, Baitul Maal wat Tamwil dan Baznas.
Study of the Great Assam Earthquake of August 1950 and its aftershocks
Authors: TANDON A. N. 
Published: February 2022

Epicentre and origin time of the Great Assam earthquake of 15 August 1950 and 54 other earthquakes shocks which occurred in the Assam region upto the end of Apri11951 have been determined by the Least Square method. Magnitudes of these shocks have also been estimated from data of Indian stations. Using data of near stations at Tocklai, Tezpore, Shillong (specially opened for this study) and of Calcutta and Chatra, the velocities of seismic waves in Assam have been calculated within narrow 1imits of error and estimates of depth of crustal lyers.have been obtained. Travel times of seismic waves in Assam and neigbourhood have been compared with the travel time tables of Jeffreys and Bullen (1940).