bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients with Invasive Tumors and eNOS Gene Polymorphisms with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Tend to Have Poorer Prognosis
Authors: Siroya Hardik Lalit , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Aripirala Prasanthi , Ramesh Shruthi Shimoga , Bhat Dhananjaya Ishwar , Shukla Dhaval Prem , Konar Subhash Kanti , Christopher Rita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Context Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms are found to predict predisposition to aneurysmal rupture and development of vasospasm in a patient of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). eNOS gene polymorphisms are also found to predict invasiveness of malignant cells. Studies are not available in literature to describe the effect of eNOS gene polymorphisms and correlation between aneurysm and carcinoma. This study aims to investigate whether positive cancer history influences clinical outcome following SAH and eNOS gene polymorphisms.
Materials and Methods The eNOS gene polymorphisms were analyzed in seven consecutive patients (mean age, 52.28 ± 20 years) with a diagnosis of invasive systemic tumors from 2011 to 2017. The eNOS 4a/4b eNOS -786T> eNOS894G > T polymorphisms of the eNOS gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Results Seven patients of aneurysmal SAH in association with malignancies were studied for eNOS polymorphisms expression and outcome. Three patients had carcinoma cervix: one patient of carcinoma breast and one each of transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder, spindle cell carcinoma of left kidney, and untreated patient of atypical pituitary (adenoma). A genotype study of eNOS gene polymorphisms in these patients shows common polymorphisms are involved in the determination of disease progression in malignancies and aneurysmal SAH.
Conclusion Patients who expressed 4ab, eNOS -786T > TT/CC/TC, eNOS894G > T GG/GT polymorphisms did better than patients who expressed only 4bb, though both were associated with poor prognosis.
Impact of Body Weight, Height, and Obesity on Selection of Skin Entry Point for Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Authors: Patgaonkar Prasad , Goyal Vaibhav , Agrawal Utkarsh , Marathe Nandan , Patel Vivek 
Published: August 2022

Background Prospective evaluation of the effect of physical parameters like height, weight and abdominal girth on different skin entry points in transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) in lower lumbar discs.
Methods This prospective study involved 174 patients with unilateral radicular pain or discogenic back pain, central, paracentral disc herniations and lateral canal stenosis at the level from L3 to S1 radiologically confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and failed conservative trial for 6 weeks. All patients underwent measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and abdominal girth preoperatively. All the four possible entry points, i.e., 45 to 45, posterolateral (PL), tip of spinous process (TOSP), and dorsum of the facet joint, were marked and point midway between PL and TOSP (PL-TOSP) skin entry was used.
Results The change in the value, i.e., distance from midline of all the entry points with physical parameters like height, weight, BMI, and abdominal circumference was statistically significant. The visual analog scale score decreased from a preoperative value of 7.98 to 1.84 at 6 months follow-up. The Oswestry disability index score improved from 72.53 to 16.26.
Conclusion The entry point in TELD is not a fixed value as it varies with the physical parameters like weight and abdominal girth of the patient. PL-TOSP is a safe entry point for common pathologies like central, paracentral herniations and lateral canal stenosis in lower lumbar levels and can be predicted preoperatively by proposed formula.
Tension-induced toughening and conductivity enhancement in sequentially bridged MXene fibers
Authors: Usman Ken Aldren S , Zhang Jizhen , Bacal Christine Jurene O , Qin Si , Mota-Santiago Pablo , Lynch Peter A , Naebe Minoo , Henderson Luke C , Hegh Dylan , Razal Joselito M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
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MXene is a promising active material for developing fiber-based devices due to its exceptional electrical conductivity and electrochemical capacitance. However, fabricating robust fibers with high MXene content remains challenging due to shortcomings such as low interfacial adhesion between sheets and shrinkage-induced sheet disorientation during processing, leading to diminished physical and electrochemical properties. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of tough, conductive, and electrochemically active fibers through a sequential bridging strategy involving calcium cation (Ca2+) infiltration of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-bridged MXene, cross-linked and dried under tension. The resulting fibers exhibited a record toughness of ∼2.05 MJ m−3 and retained high volumetric capacitance (∼985 F cm−3), attributed to the synergistic CNC bridging, Ca2+ cross-linking, and tension application during fiber drying. These fibers also surpass the conductivity of their unaligned pristine MXene counterpart (∼8347 S cm−1 vs ∼5078 S cm−1), ascribed to the tension-induced improvement in MXene alignment within these fibers, mitigating the undesirable effects of inserting an insulating CNC bridge. We anticipate that improving the toughness and conductivity of sequentially bridged MXene fibers will pave the way for the production of robust multifunctional MXene fibers, allowing their use in practical high-performance applications like wearable electronics and energy storage devices.
Constitutive modeling for the flow stress behaviors of alloys based on variable order fractional derivatives
Authors: Meng Ruifan , Cao Liu , Zhang Qindan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During hot working, alloys may experience three kinds of flow stress behaviors, including strain hardening, strain softening, or steady flow, because of the competition of work hardening and thermal softening. Modelling the flow stress behaviors plays an essential role in understanding the mechanical properties of alloys. In this paper, the variable order fractional model is provided to describe the flow stress behaviors of alloys. The variation of the fractional order between 0 and 1 can reflect the mechanical property changing between solids and fluids. By assuming that the fractional order varies linearly with time, the proposed model can describe both the strain softening and strain hardening behaviors of alloys. The model fitting results are compared to the experimental data of A356 alloy for strain softening and Cu-Cr-Mg alloy for strain hardening under different temperatures and strain rates. It is validated that the variable order fractional model can accurately describe the flow stress behaviors of alloys. Furthermore, the rule of the variable order is also discussed to analyze its overall values and the changes before and after the yield point. It is concluded that the variation of the fractional order can intuitively reveal the changes in mechanical properties in the flow stress behaviors of alloys, including both strain softening and strain hardening.
Stretchable thin film inductors for wireless sensing in wearable electronic devices
Authors: Ding Xiuping , Shen Ethan , Zhu Yujie , Moran-Mirabal Jose M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The unique soft and elastic nature of stretchable electronics has potential to advance wearable devices as human-machine interfaces. The integration of wireless power and data communication technology into stretchable electronics, which could be realised by inductive coupling and oscillator circuits, is key to achieve continuous monitoring of body signals with minimally invasive devices. As one of the main components for inductive coupling and oscillator circuits, the development of stretchable inductors is therefore compelling. The most common strategy to fabricate stretchable inductors is to add periodic waves to a spiral conductor, which provides mechanical robustness but inevitably increases resistance. In this work, we introduce a method to fabricate stretchable inductors, which relies on creating a wrinkled thin film inductor on a polystyrene substrate, functionalizing the inductor surface with an adhesive layer, and then transferring the structure onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer. Contrary to inductors created through the addition of periodic wave patterns, the wrinkled inductor features low resistance while providing high stretchability. The wrinkled inductors fabricated using this approach exhibited 30% decrease in resistance compared to their flat counterparts of the same size and geometry. Resistance and inductance under uniaxial stretching remained unchanged up to 45% strain, revealing exceptional electrical and mechanical stability. The strong chemical bonding between the functionalized wrinkled inductor and the PDMS elastomer contributes to the robustness and long-term stability of the device. This method provides an added advantage of miniaturization of the stretchable inductor, as it is shrunk to 16% of its original size during the wrinkling process. This technology has potential for building high performance stretchable inductors for stretchable wireless electronic devices and can eventually benefit the design of electronics for implants, health care monitoring and wearable communication.
Blood Brothers
Authors: James Leslie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In British West African and Caribbean colonies in the 1930s fascism felt urgently close to people’s lived reality. Grappling with the nature of fascism, by comparing it with their lived reality under colonialism, became a site of critical intellectual debate. Yet genealogies of ideas about fascism have overwhelmingly tended to historicise and theorise fascism’s intellectual history from Europe. Histories that include arguments about fascism by colonised people nevertheless leave the impression that these debates occurred primarily among a few intellectuals living in metropolitan spaces, rather than in the colonies themselves. By mining newspapers as sites of intellectual debate, this article shows that questions about the relationship between colonialism and fascism encompassed broad plebeian and intellectual participants in a range of spaces. Their debate revises our intellectual genealogy of fascism by confirming that anti-colonialism was foundational to anti-fascism. It also revises our understanding of fascism. The embodied knowledge articulated by colonised peoples helps decipher fascism as excess by reconfiguring the very relationship between fascism and other political ideologies from one of polarities to one of proximity. When fascism is viewed from the perspective of colonised peoples, the base and root from which its excess springs comes into sharper relief
Class, Conservation, and the Police Power in the American Gilded Age: The Origins of Lawton v. Steele
Authors: Meyer William B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The leading police power case of Lawton v. Steele, decided by the US Supreme Court in 1894, offers insight into the question of judicial class bias during the decades following the Civil War. Conflict arose in rural northern New York State over restrictions on livelihood fishing by nets imposed to protect sport angling by affluent tourists. Opposition to the restrictions was grounded in a producerist worldview and class consciousness. The matter reached the courts in a challenge to state laws permitting the summary destruction, without legal process, of nets placed illegally. Seemingly prohibited by the Fourteenth Amendment and previous case law, such destruction was upheld by a Supreme Court divided along ideological lines, correlating with the justices’ Whig or Jacksonian antecedents. The dissenters, those of Jacksonian sympathies, argued unsuccessfully against the challenged laws.
Plural Texts: On Rereadings
Authors: Chihaya Sarah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This review considers Columbia University Press’s ongoing Rereadings—an ambitious series of short books that aims to rethink both individual novels and the larger question of what constitutes “academic” criticism. Focusing on three of the four current entries in the series—Peter Coviello’s reread of Thomas Pynchon’s Vineland, Ivan Kreilkamp’s of Jennifer Egan’s A Visit From the Goon Squad, and Kate Zambreno’s of Hervé Guibert’s To the friend who did not save my life—many of the pressing questions that arise from these books, seen together, ultimately reflect the institutional conditions of their writing and reception.“The university press is and must continue to be a space for new thought and forms of inquiry, but what happens when the university itself cannot or will not sustain the thinkers who produce this work?”
Genetic-morphological uncoupling and crypsis in Ectinogonia (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) suggest a complex evolutionary history in these polymorphic jewel beetles from Chile
Authors: Anguita-Salinas Simón , Barahona-Segovia Rodrigo M , Poulin Elie , Zúñiga-Reinoso Álvaro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ectinogonia is a genus of jewel beetles from the western slope of the Andes Cordillera, inhabiting arid and semiarid ecosystems in different biogeographical provinces. Most of the species in this genus have undergone several rearrangements and misassignments over time, making the taxonomic history of Ectinogonia particularly complex. Recent studies based on molecular phylogenies suggest that the taxonomy of the genus should be revised using genetic tools. Because some species are polymorphic and others cryptic and monomorphic, species diversity may be over- or underestimated. We performed here the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny for Ectinogonia s.s. using nuclear and mitochondrial genes. We also performed species delimitation analyses to estimate diversity within Ectinogonia. Results show that Ectinogonia is divided into two main groups: the artificial ‘southern group’ and the natural ‘northern clade’. The southern group matched with the current morphology-based taxonomy, whereas the northern clade contained the largest number of species, several of which do not fit with the current taxonomy. There was both genetic-morphological uncoupling and crypsis by convergence, suggesting a complex evolutionary history. We also provide a new taxonomic arrangement based on our results.
Finance as an (ever more fragile) ‘perpetual mania’: have they all lost their collective minds?
Authors: Palma José Gabriel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper analyses events in financial markets since the 2008 financial crisis in both the developed and the developing worlds, giving especial attention to the processes of ‘financialisation’. Its main conclusion is that we are paying the price (a huge one) for two related phenomena. The first relates to the failure of economic theory since the 1970s, especially (although not only) of the mainstream type, to really take on board those developments in the world of international finance that ‘did not fit in their models’ (such as the 1970s stagflation; Volker’s subsequent radical monetarist recession; the ‘savings and loan’ debacle following Reagan’s financial liberalisation and deregulation―policies reinforced in the 1990s; the inability of both monetarists, and traditional Keynesian policies to revert Japan’s ‘lost decade’; and the ‘endogenous’ nature of the 2008 financial crisis). Basically, economic theory has failed to reinvent itself when needed as it did after the 1930s crash. The second, in turn, relates to the fact that rocketing the net worth of a few individuals was a rather odd way to reactivate fragile economies after the 2008 crisis and the 2020 pandemic. But when rentier agents were allowed to become ‘too-large-to-be-challenged’, it was likely that these newly (and artificially) created ‘whales’ would capture policy-making and take it in this direction―leaving the politicians and central bankers to tell stories explaining why the very rich should become the biggest welfare recipients of all time. As one group of Native Americans used to say, ‘Those who are better at storytelling will dominate the world’.
Comprehensive Analysis of Fragile X Syndrome: Full Characterization of the FMR1 Locus by Long-Read Sequencing
Authors: Liang Qiaowei , Liu Yingdi , Liu Yaning , Duan Ranhui , Meng Wanli , Zhan Jiahan , Xia Jiahui , Mao Aiping , Liang Desheng , Wu Lingqian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent cause of inherited X-linked intellectual disability. Conventional FXS genetic testing methods mainly focus on FMR1 CGG expansions and fail to identify AGG interruptions, rare intragenic variants, and large gene deletions.

Methods
A long-range PCR and long-read sequencing-based assay termed comprehensive analysis of FXS (CAFXS) was developed and evaluated in Coriell and clinical samples by comparing to Southern blot analysis and triplet repeat–primed PCR (TP–PCR).

Results
CAFXS accurately detected the number of CGG repeats in the range of 93 to at least 940 with mass fraction of 0.5% to 1% in the background of normal alleles, which was 2–4-fold analytically more sensitive than TP–PCR. All categories of mutations detected by control methods, including full mutations in 30 samples, were identified by CAFXS for all 62 clinical samples. CAFXS accurately determined AGG interruptions in all 133 alleles identified, even in mosaic alleles. CAFXS successfully identified 2 rare intragenic variants including the c.879A &gt; C variant in exon 9 and a 697-bp microdeletion flanking upstream of CGG repeats, which disrupted primer annealing in TP–PCR assay. In addition, CAFXS directly determined the breakpoints of a 237.1-kb deletion and a 774.0-kb deletion encompassing the entire FMR1 gene in 2 samples.

Conclusions
Long-read sequencing-based CAFXS represents a comprehensive assay for identifying FMR1 CGG expansions, AGG interruptions, rare intragenic variants, and large gene deletions, which greatly improves the genetic screening and diagnosis for FXS.
The Perils of Progressive Jurisprudence: The Nullum Crimen Sine Lege Principle in International Criminal Law
Authors: Akhavan Payam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The nullum crimen sine lege principle is a fundamental principle of human rights, prohibiting both retroactive application of crimes as well as expansive interpretations and extensions by analogy. Yet throughout its historical evolution, from the emergence of novel crimes in the Charters of the International Military Tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo, to the expansive interpretations of such crimes by contemporary jurisdictions such as the ICTY, ICTR and ICC, international criminal law has been characterized by a privileging of substantive justice over the principle of legality. From filling normative lacunae to evolutionary adaptation of existing norms, the humanitarian interests underlying the criminalization of atrocities is often invoked to justify progressive jurisprudence. The paper considers whether this sensibility is a cause for celebration or a cause for concern, and whether the nullum crimen sine lege principle should be applied less strictly in the context of international criminal law.
ASCUE: An Adversarial Network-Based Semantical Conformance Checking Method for Unsupervised Event Extraction in Social Internet of Things
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Cheng Huangfei , Cao Bin , Wang Jiaxing , Fan Jing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Event extraction (EE) methods are widely used in the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) to help objects obtain the key information from messages shared by other objects. Existing supervised EE methods can only extract predefined events and can hardly extract events with unseen event types. To address this issue, we propose an unsupervised EE method based on the idea of semantic role labeling. However, after extracting all possible events from a given message text, some of these events face the semantically inconsistent issue that will destroy the information credibility in SIoT. To solve this issue, we present ASCUE, an adversarial network-based semantic conformance checking method for unsupervised EE in SIoT. Briefly, ASCUE first mines all the event candidates from a given text unsupervisedly. Next, ASCUE introduces two independent Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers models to capture the semantics of the event candidate and text, respectively. Moreover, to enable the model to achieve competitive performance as label embedding for semantic conformance checking, an adversarial network is added into ASCUE’s training stage. Finally, ASCUE extracts all the events that are semantically consistent with the original text by classifying them into two categories: semantically consistent and semantically inconsistent. In addition, since the existing datasets do not label whether the events are semantically consistent with the original text, we re-annotate an existing dataset to fit our task. Experimental results on the re-annotated dataset show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in terms of accuracy and F1 scores.
Strategies for oocyte collection and in vitro embryo production in free-roaming bison herds
Authors: Zwiefelhofer Miranda L , Shury Todd , Zwiefelhofer Eric M , Singh Jaswant , Mastromonaco Gabriela F , Adams Gregg P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted to test the feasibility of protocols for field collection of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) for in vitro embryo production (IVP) in wild bison. The study was done with captive wood bison during the anovulatory season. In Experiment 1, the efficiency of transvaginal ultrasound-guided COC collection was compared between bison restrained in a squeeze chute without sedation vs in lateral recumbency after chemical immobilization using a dart gun (n = 8/group). In Experiment 2, a 2 × 2 design was used to examine the effects of superstimulation treatment [single dose of equine chorionic gonodotrophin (eCG) vs multiple doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)] and method of drug administration (manual injection vs field darting) on COC collection and IVP. In Experiment 1, no difference was detected between chute-restrained vs chemically immobilized groups in the time required to complete COC collections, the number of follicles aspirated (11.5 ± 1.9 vs 9.3 ± 1.8; P = 0.4) or the COC recovery rate [COC recovered/follicle aspirated; 58/92 (63%) vs 44/69 (64%); P = 0.9]. In Experiment 2, no differences were detected between superstimulation treatments (eCG vs FSH). The total number of follicles available for aspiration did not differ between manual injection and field darting (23.9 ± 2.7 vs 21.6 ± 1.9; P = 0.4). Compared with the random start unstimulated group, the embryo production rate was higher [18/132 (14%) vs 53/189 (28%); P = 0.04] after wave synchronization and superstimulation. Results suggest that COC collection is equally feasible in a recumbent position after chemical immobilization as those bison restrained in a standing position in a hydraulic chute. Ovarian superstimulation with a single-dose eCG protocol is as effective as a multiple-dose FSH protocol, and field darting is as effective as chute-side administration of superstimulation treatments. The strategies in the present study are ready to be incorporated into field collections in free-roaming bison herds.
When Should a Lawful War of Self-Defence End?
Authors: Beer Yishai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Though the UN Charter regulates the starting point of lawful self-defence, neither it nor customary law determines its lawful end. This article tries to draw the contours of such lawfulness based on the ad bellum necessity rule. Under the prevailing law, the aggressor may gain control over ending the lawful war. Usually, whenever it stops its aggression and is willing to retreat, the assumption is that this brings the emergency situation to an end and negates the victim’s temporary and exceptional right to fight. Contrarily, this article suggests that the keys to ending a war should mainly be left to the victim, who must present a convincing case that it has ended its self-defence at the first reasonable opportunity, according to its geostrategic considerations.