bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of community deaths during the catastrophic 2021 heat dome
Authors: Henderson Sarah B. , McLean Kathleen E. , Lee Michael J. , Kosatsky Tom 
Published: January 2022

Background:
British Columbia, Canada, was impacted by a record-setting heat dome in early summer 2021. Most households in greater Vancouver do not have air conditioning, and there was a 440% increase in community deaths during the event. Readily available data were analyzed to inform modifications to the public health response during subsequent events in summer 2021 and to guide further research.

Methods:
The 434 community deaths from 27 June through 02 July 2021 (heat dome deaths) were compared with all 1,367 community deaths that occurred in the same region from 19 June through 09 July of 2013–2020 (typical weather deaths). Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the effects of age, sex, neighborhood deprivation, and the surrounding environment. Data available from homes with and without air conditioning were also used to illustrate the indoor temperatures differences.

Results:
A combined index of material and social deprivation was most predictive of heat dome risk, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.88 [1.85, 4.49] for the most deprived category. Heat dome deaths also had lower greenness within 100 m than typical weather deaths. Indoor temperatures in one illustrative home without air conditioning ranged between 30°C and 40°C.

Conclusions:
Risk of death during the heat dome was associated with deprivation, lower neighborhood greenness, older age, and sex. High indoor temperatures likely played an important role. Public health response should focus on highly deprived neighborhoods with low air conditioning prevalence during extreme heat events. Promotion of urban greenspace must continue as the climate changes.
Evidence Mapping of the Treatments for Breast Cancer–related Lymphedema
Authors: Al-Sakkaf Ali M. , Masia Jaume , Auladell-Rispau Ariadna , Shamardal Aliaa I. , Vasconcello-Castillo Luis , Sola Ivan , Bonfill Xavier 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Women treated for breast cancer are facing a lifetime risk of developing lymphedema, which occurs in up to 40% of this population. There is a lack of evidence and limited knowledge regarding the treatment of breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL). The aim of this study was to identify, describe, and organize the currently available evidence in the treatment of BCRL.

Methods:
We conducted an evidence mapping review study according to the methodology proposed by Global Evidence Mapping. We performed a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Central (Cochrane), and Epistemonikos, from 2000–2020. We included studies about all treatment types for BCRL, including surgical and nonsurgical treatment. Results were summarized in narrative and tabular forms.

Results:
A total of 240 studies were included in this mapping review, distributed as follows: 147 experimental studies [102 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 45 quasi-experimental clinical trials], 48 observational studies (34 prospective and 14 retrospective studies), and 45 systematic reviews (17 of them with metanalysis). Most of the RCTs were on nonsurgical interventions. Only two RCTs addressed surgical intervention.

Conclusions:
In the last 20 years, there were an average of 12 publications per year on the treatment of BCRL. Recently this lack of attention has been partially corrected, as the majority were published in the past 5 years. However, most of them were on nonsurgical interventions. Well-designed RCTs on surgery are needed to measure the effectiveness of the applied interventions.
Medical management of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Perez Kimberly , Chan Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
To summarize the recent developments in the medical treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Recent findings
The medical management of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) continues to evolve with advances in the management of symptoms related to hormone hypersecretion and therapeutic control of disease progression. Systemic therapy options include somatostatin analogs (SSAs), radiolabeled SSAs, molecularly targeted agents, and cytotoxic therapy. Recent progress has focused on new targeted therapies, the sequencing of therapy and the role of immunotherapy.

Summary
This review will focus on treatment of GI-NETs and highlight new developments published over the last year.
Tobacco smoking is associated with more pain and worse functional outcomes after torsional ankle fracture
Authors: Audet Megan A. , Benedick Alex , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of current and remote tobacco smoking on clinical and functional outcomes after torsional ankle fracture.

Methods:
Nine hundred thirty-five patients treated surgically for torsional ankle fracture over 9 years were reviewed. Tobacco smoking status at the time of injury was defined as current (48.3%), former (11.7%), and nonsmoker (40.0%). Complications, unplanned secondary procedures, pain medication use, and functional outcome scores, as measured by Foot Function Index and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) surveys.

Results:
Mean age was 44.8 years, with 50.3% male. More than 6 months following injury current smokers were more likely than former smokers and nonsmokers to report ankle pain (67.8% vs 45.8% vs 47.5%) and to use prescription pain medicines (23.0% vs 10.4% vs 6.3%), all P < .05. Multiple logistic regression found current tobacco use to be an independent predictor for prescription pain medication use, and worse scores for the Foot Function Index, SMFA Dysfunction, and SMFA Bothersome scores, all P < .05. Complications occurred in 15.5% of all patients, and 10.7% underwent unplanned secondary operations. Tobacco smoking was not associated with more complications or secondary procedures.

Conclusion:
Current smokers are more likely to use prescription pain medications several months after injury and have worse patient-reported functional outcome scores after surgical treatment of torsional ankle fractures than former smokers and nonsmokers.
Brief Report: Self-Reported Knowledge of HIV Status Among Cisgender Male Sex Partners of Transgender Women in Lima, Peru
Authors: Long Jessica E. , Sanchez Hugo , Dasgupta Sayan , Huerta Leyla , Garcia Dania Calderón , Lama Javier R. , Duerr Ann 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Knowledge of HIV status is a critical first step in the HIV care cascade. Cisgender male sex partners of transgender women (MSTW) are at a disproportionately high risk of HIV, but little is known about their access to HIV testing or knowledge of HIV status.

Methods:
We used cross-sectional data from a respondent-driven sampling study to analyze self-reported HIV status and predictors of knowledge of HIV status among MSTW in Lima, Peru. Mixed-effects models were used to generate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between knowledge of HIV status and predictors of interest, including sociodemographics and recent sexual behavior.

Results:
From February to July 2018, 196 eligible MSTW enrolled, of which 90 (46%) reported not knowing their HIV status. Recent casual or 1-time partners were reported by 84% of MSTW and 54% reported purchasing sex. In adjusted analyses, MSTW participants were less likely to know their HIV status if they reported buying sex (aPR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.59) or reported ≥16 recent sex partners compared with ≤5 partners [aPR 0.32, (0.20 to 0.50)]. Those who reported male sex partners were 80% more likely to know their status [aPR 1.80, (1.33 to 2.44)].

Conclusions:
Reported knowledge of HIV status was low among MSTW in Lima, and unknown HIV status was associated with behaviors linked to HIV acquisition. MSTW who reported male partners were more likely to know their status, potentially indicating that HIV testing is more accessible to men who have sex with men.
Focal FDG Uptake in the Cerebral Parenchyma Beneath the Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Liu Mingyuan , Wu Haibo , Shan Lili , Dong Aisheng , Han Yan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after subdural hematoma have been rarely reported. We present a case with acute subdural hematoma detected unexpectedly on FDG PET/CT. Focal intense FDG uptake in the cerebral parenchyma beneath the subdural hematoma was seen on PET. The density of the cerebral parenchyma was normal on CT. The patient received conservative management. He recovered without any complication. This case indicates that familiarity with the changes in cerebral glucose metabolism on PET after subdural hematoma may be helpful for optimal patient care.
Beta blockade in TBI: Dose-dependent reductions in BBB leukocyte mobilization and permeability in vivo
Authors: Lopez Alfonso J. , ElSaadani Mohamed , Jacovides Christina L. , Georges Anastasia , Culkin Matthew C. , Ahmed Syed , Kumar Monisha A. , Kaplan Lewis J. , Smith Douglas H. , Pascual Jose L. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by a hyperadrenergic catecholamine state that can cause penumbral neuroinflammation. Prospective human studies demonstrate improved TBI survival with beta blockade (bb), although mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that deranged post-TBI penumbral blood brain barrier (BBB) leukocyte mobilization and permeability are improved by bb.

METHODS
CD1 male mice (n = 64) were randomly assigned to severe TBI—controlled cortical impact: 6 m/s velocity, 1 mm depth, 3 mm diameter—or sham craniotomy, and IP injection of either saline or propranolol (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) every 12 hours for 2 days. At 48 hours, in vivo pial intravital microscopy visualized live endothelial-leukocyte (LEU) interactions and BBB microvascular leakage. Twice daily clinical recovery was assessed by regaining of lost body weight and the Garcia Neurological Test (motor, sensory, reflex, balance assessments). Brain edema was determined by hemispheric wet-to-dry ratios.

RESULTS
Propranolol after TBI reduced both in vivo LEU rolling and BBB permeability in a dose-dependent fashion compared with no treatment (p < 0.001). Propranolol reduced cerebral edema (p < 0.001) and hastened recovery of lost body weight at 48 hours (p < 0.01). Compared with no treatment (14.9 ± 0.2), 24-hour Garcia Neurologic Test scores were improved with 2 (15.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.02) and 4 (16.1 ± 0.1, p = 0.001) but not with 1 mg/kg propranolol.

CONCLUSION
Propranolol administration reduces post-TBI LEU mobilization and microvascular permeability in the murine penumbral neurovasculature and leads to reduced cerebral edema. This is associated with hastened recovery of post-TBI weight loss and neurologic function with bb treatment. Dose-dependent effects frame a mechanistic relationship between bb and improved human outcomes after TBI.
Impact of time to surgery on mortality in hypotensive patients with noncompressible torso hemorrhage: An AAST multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Duchesne Juan , Slaughter Kevin , Puente Ivan , Berne John D. , Yorkgitis Brian , Mull Jennifer , Sperry Jason , Tessmer Matthew , Costantini Todd , Berndtson Allison E. , Kai Taylor , Rokvic Giannina , Norwood Scott , Meadows Katelyn , Chang Grace , Lemon Brittney M. , Jacome Tomas , Van Sant Lauren , Paul Jasmeet , Maher Zoe , Goldberg Amy J. , Madayag Robert M. , Pinson Greg , Lieser Mark J. , Haan James , Marshall Gary , Carrick Matthew , Tatum Danielle 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Death from noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) may be preventable with improved prehospital care and shorter in-hospital times to hemorrhage control. We hypothesized that shorter times to surgical intervention for hemorrhage control would decrease mortality in hypotensive patients with NCTH.

METHODS
This was an AAST-sponsored multicenter, prospective analysis of hypotensive patients aged 15+ years who presented with NCTH from May 2018 to December 2020. Hypotension was defined as an initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤ 90 mm Hg. Primary outcomes of interest were time to surgical intervention and in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS
There were 242 hypotensive patients, of which 48 died (19.8%). Nonsurvivors had higher mean age (47.3 vs. 38.8; p = 0.02), higher mean New Injury Severity Score (38 vs. 29; p < 0.001), lower admit systolic blood pressure (68 vs. 79 mm Hg; p < 0.01), higher incidence of vascular injury (41.7% vs. 21.1%; p = 0.02), and shorter median (interquartile range, 25–75) time from injury to operating room start (74 minutes [48–98 minutes] vs. 88 minutes [61–128 minutes]; p = 0.03) than did survivors. Multivariable Cox regression showed shorter time from emergency department arrival to operating room start was not associated with improved survival (p = 0.04).

CONCLUSION
Patients who died arrived to a trauma center in a similar time frame as did survivors but presented in greater physiological distress and had significantly shorter times to surgical hemorrhage intervention than did survivors. This suggests that even expediting a critically ill patient through the current trauma system is not sufficient time to save lives from NCTH. Civilian prehospital advance resuscitative care starting from the patient first contact needs special consideration.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/Epidemiologic, Level III
(Mis) Communicating The Gut Microbiome: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Social Media Video Content
Authors: Chidambaram S , Maheswaran Y , Chan C , Hanna L , Ashrafian H , Markar SR , Sounderajah V , Alverdy J , Darzi A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocial media platforms, such as YouTube, are an integral means of disseminating information about health and wellness to the public. However, anecdotal reports have cited that the human gut microbiome has been a particular focus of dubious, misleading and, on occasion, harmful media content. Despite these claims, there have been no published studies investigating this phenomenon within popular social media platforms.AimThis study aims to (1) evaluate the accuracy and credibility of YouTube videos related to the human gut microbiome and (2) investigate the correlation between content engagement metrics and information quality, as defined by validated criteria.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, videos about the human gut microbiome were searched on the UK version of YouTube on 20th September 2021. The 600 most viewed videos were extracted and screened for relevance. Information content and characteristics were extracted and independently rated using the DISCERN quality criteria by two researchers.ResultsOverall, 319 videos accounting for 62,354,628 views were included. 73.4% of the videos were produced in North America, and over 78.6% were uploaded between 2019-2021. 41.0% of videos were produced by non-profit organizations. 16% of the videos had an advertisement for a product or promoted a health-related intervention for financial purposes. Videos by non-medical educational creators had the highest total and preferred viewership. Daily viewership was highest for videos by internet media sources. The average DISCERN and HONcode scores were 49.5 (0.68) out of 80 and 5.05 (2.52) out of 8, respectively. DISCERN scores for videos by medical professionals (53.2 (0.17)) were significantly higher than videos by independent content creators (39.1 (5.58)), (p<0.01). Videos with promotional material scored significantly lower DISCERN scores than videos without any advertisements or product promotion (p<0.01). There was no correlation between DISCERN scores and total viewership, daily viewership or preferred viewership (number of likes).ConclusionsThe overall credibility of information about human gut microbiome on YouTube is poor. Moreover, there was no correlation between the video information quality and the level of public engagement. The significant disconnect between reliable sources of information and the public suggests that there is an immediate need for cross-sector initiatives in order safeguard vulnerable viewers from the potentially harmful effects of misinformation and disinformation.
Assessing the contribution of gut-to-lung translocation to bacterial colonization and antibiotic resistance in an ICU patient
Authors: Wheatley Rachel M , Caballero Julio Diaz , van der Schalk Thomas E. , De Winter Fien HR , Kapel Natalia , Recanatini Claudia , Timbermont Leen , Kluytmans Jan , Esser Mark , Lacoma Alicia , Prat-Aymerich Cristina , Oliver Antonio , Kumar-Singh Samir , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , MacLean R. Craig ,   WP3A working group
Published: January 2022

AbstractBacteria have the potential to migrate between sites in the human body, but the dynamics and consequences of within-host translocation remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the link between gut and lungPseudomonas aeruginosapopulations in an intensively sampled ICU patient using a combination of genomics, isolate phenotyping, host immunity profiling, and clinical data. Crucially, we show that lung colonization was driven by the repeated translocation of bacterial clones from the gut. Meropenem treatment for a suspected urinary tract infection selected for elevated resistance in both the gut and lung. However, resistance was driven by parallel evolution and organ-specific selective pressures, and within-host transmission had only a minor impact on AMR. These findings suggest that reducing intestinal colonization ofPseudomonasmay be an effective way to prevent lung infections in critically ill patients.
Estimation of the COVID-19 Average Incubation Time: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Sensitivity Analyses
Authors: Weng Yijia , Y.Yi Grace 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to provide sensible estimates of the average incubation time of COVID-19 by capitalizing available estimates reported in the literature and explore different ways to accommodate heterogeneity involved with the reported studies.MethodsWe search through online databases to collect the studies about estimates of the average incubation time and conduct meta-analyses to accommodate heterogeneity of the studies and the publication bias. Cochran’s heterogeneity statistic Q and Higgin’s & Thompson’s I2 statistic are employed. Subgroup analyses are conducted using mixed effects models and publication bias is assessed using the funnel plot and Egger’s test.ResultsUsing all those reported mean incubation estimates, the average incubation time is estimated to be 6.43 days with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (5.90, 6.96), and using all those reported mean incubation estimates together with those transformed median incubation estimates, the estimated average incubation time is 6.07 days with a 95% CI (5.70,6.45).ConclusionsProviding sensible estimates of the average incubation time for COVID-19 is important yet complex, and the available results vary considerably due to many factors including heterogeneity and publication bias. We take different angles to estimate the mean incubation time, and our analyses provide estimates to range from 5.68 days to 8.30 days.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 variant Mu, Beta, Gamma, Lambda, Delta, Alpha, and Omicron in wastewater settled solids using mutation-specific assays is associated with regional detection of variants in clinical samples
Authors: Wolfe Marlene , Hughes Bridgette , Duong Dorothea , Chan-Herur Vikram , Wigginton Krista R. , White Bradley J. , Boehm Alexandria B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChanges in the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) may require changes in public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as they have the potential to evade vaccines and pharmaceutical interventions and may be more transmissive relative to other SARS-CoV-2 variants. As such, it is essential to track and prevent their spread in susceptible communities.We developed digital RT-PCR assays for mutations characteristic of VOCs and used them to quantify those mutations in wastewater settled solids samples collected from a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Wastewater concentrations of single mutations characteristic to each VOC, normalized by the concentration of a conserved SARS-CoV-2 N gene, correlate to regional estimates of the proportion of clinical infections caused by each VOC. These results suggest targeted RT-PCR assays can be used to detect variants circulating in communities and inform public health response to the pandemic.ImportanceWastewater represents a pooled biological sample of the contributing community and thus a resource of assessing community health. Here we show that emergence, spread, and disappearance of SARS-CoV-2 infections caused by variants of concern are reflected in the presence of variant genomic RNA in wastewater settled solids. This work highlights an important public health use case for wastewater.
Assessment of the nutritional value of vending machine products and associated purchasing behavior in Lebanese universities
Authors: Rahi Berna , Kawtharani Fatima Bilal , Hassan Ali M. , Hassan Hussein F. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe aim is to evaluate the nutritive value of vended machine items at university campuses in Lebanon and to explore the factors associated with the use of vending machines among students.Design/methodology/approachCampuses (n = 32) were screened for the presence of vending machines, and items sold in those machines (n = 21) were observed and assessed for their nutritive value. Also, a convenient sample of 603 students completed a web-based questionnaire investigating the association between the use of vending machines with the eating habits and body composition. Independent t-tests or chi-square, in addition to non-parametric test (Mann–Whitney) were conducted. Significance level of 0.05 was used.FindingsVending machine snacks sold in 20 out of 21 universities were high in sugar (32.1 g/100 g), fat (29 g/100 g) and saturated fat (10.5 g/100 g), while for beverages, 20% of the universities had them high in sugar (9.5 g/100 ml), fat (2.9 g/100 g) and saturated fat (1.7 g/100 g). The use of vending machines around campus was associated with significantly higher weekly consumption of crisps, savory snacks and milk. The majority of the participants were vending machine users (77.1%). Vending machine users had a higher weekly consumption of crisps and savory snacks (3.6 ± 4.3 vs 2.3 ± 3.3; p = 0.008) and a higher weekly consumption of milk (4.0 ± 4.2 vs 3.0 ± 3.6; p = 0.036).Originality/valueNo study has determined the nutritive value of vending machines in universities in Lebanon, nor investigated the associated factors with their use.
Four typologies for understanding local information
Authors: Nonthacumjane Pussadee , Nolin Jan Michael 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study aims to propose the four different typologies for understanding local information.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applied a conceptual approach to analyze and clarify how the concept local information can be understood in wildly different ways. Furthermore, this study employed conceptual analysis of 36 studies. For the conceptual analysis, coding was applied to formulate and abstract four typologies for understanding local information with specific focus on the Thai cultural heritage setting.

Findings
The four different typologies include local information as an array of different interpretations as diverse meanings of local, local information as cultural heritage, local information as subject of information management and situated local information.

Research limitations/implications
This study mainly focuses relevant typologies for understanding local information in the Thai context.

Originality/value
This study contributes and extends the literature in the local information field and the cultural heritage context. In addition, an eclectic strategy of using several alternative typologies for dealing with essentially contested concepts is suggested. This can be useful not only for supporting librarians working with local information but also in other practices dealing with broadly defined concepts.