bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-throughput iSpinach fluorescent aptamer-based real-time monitoring of in vitro transcription
Authors: Qin Weitong , Li Liang , Yang Fan , Wang Siyuan , Yang Guang-Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn vitro transcription (IVT) is an essential technique for RNA synthesis. Methods for the accurate and rapid screening of IVT conditions will facilitate RNA polymerase engineering, promoter optimization, and screening for new transcription inhibitor drugs. However, traditional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and high-performance liquid chromatography methods are labor intensive, time consuming and not compatible with real-time analysis. Here, we developed an inexpensive, high-throughput, and real-time detection method for the monitoring of in vitro RNA synthesis called iSpinach aptamer-based monitoring of Transcription Activity in Real-time (STAR). STAR has a detection speed at least 100 times faster than conventional PAGE method and provides comparable results in the analysis of in vitro RNA synthesis reactions. It also can be used as an easy and quantitative method to detect the catalytic activity of T7 RNA polymerase. To further demonstrate the utility of STAR, it was applied to optimize the initially transcribed region of the green fluorescent protein gene and the 3T4T variants demonstrated significantly enhanced transcription output, with at least 1.7-fold and 2.8-fold greater output than the wild-type DNA template and common transcription template, respectively. STAR may provide a valuable tool for many biotechnical applications related to the transcription process, which may pave the way for the development of better RNA-related enzymes and new drugs.
Graphical Abstract
Morphology and morphometry of the inner ear of the dromedary camel and their influence on the efficiency of hearing and equilibrium
Authors: Ali Safwat , Esmat Abdelraheem , Erasha Atef , Yasuda Masahiro , Alsafy Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe inner ear morphology and size are linked to hearing and balance ability. The goal of this study was to determine the morphology and morphometrics of the dromedary camel's inner ear and how it influences hearing accommodation and equilibrium in the desert environment.Materials and methodsGross morphology, computed tomography images, and the endocast were used to show the inner ear morphology. A caliper and ImageJ software were used to take measurements on a plastic endocast.ResultsThe presence of the subarcuate fossa, flat cochlea, radii curvature of the semicircular canals, particularly the lateral semicircular canal, orthogonality, and the union between the semicircular canals, along with slightly increased saccule and utricle size, maintains camel balance on sandy ground, even during heavy sandstorms. The cochlear basilar membrane length and cochlea radii ratio aided low-frequency hearing and perception over a wide octave range.ConclusionThe camel's cochlear characteristics revealed a lengthy basilar membrane, a high radii ratio, 3.0 cochlear canal turns, and a very broad cochlea. The orthogonality of the semicircular canals, the high curvature of the lateral semicircular canal, the presence of the subarcuate fossa, and the confluence between the lateral and posterior semicircular canal were particular specifications that allowed the inner ear of the camel to adapt to desert living.
‘Smart’ copycat mutual funds: on the performance of partial imitation strategies
Authors: Stein Roberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing a novel measure of stock-level trade imitation, we uncover ‘smart’ copycats: fund managers that use their own information when beneficial, and otherwise imitate other managers’ better trades. Contrary to previous research, we find that these partial imitation strategies lead to outperformance. Our ‘Copycat Score’ combines the propensity to imitate and to lead trades. Funds at the high and low ends of the score outperform all others. The Copycat Score is persistent in time, related to other measures of skill, and a good predictor of fund performance. We conclude that smart copycatting is another skill of successful fund managers.
A new hybrid control technique for operation of DC microgrid under islanded operating mode
Authors: Mortezapour Vahid , Golshannavaz Sajjad , Pouresmaeil Edris , Yazdaninejadi Amin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a novel combined primary and secondary control approach for direct current microgrids, specifically in islanded mode. In primary control, this approach establishes an appropriate load power sharing between the distributed energy resources based on their rated power. Simultaneously, it considers the load voltage deviation and provides satisfactory voltage regulation in the secondary control loop. The proposed primary control is based on an efficient droop mechanism that only deploys the local variable measurements, so as to overcome the side effects caused by communication delays. In the case of secondary control, two different methods are devised. In the first, low bandwidth communication links are used to establish the minimum required data transfer between the converters. The effect of communication delay is further explored. The second method excludes any communication link and only uses local variables. Accordingly, a self-sufficient control loop is devised without any communication requirement. The proposed control notions are investigated in MATLAB/Simulink platform to highlight system performance. The results demonstrate that both proposed approaches can effectively compensate for the voltage deviation due to the primary control task. Detailed comparisons of the two methods are also provided.
Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation mimicking skeletal metastasis: a possible differential diagnosis
Authors: Datta Deepanksha , Ravichandran T. , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Rashim , Vedant Deepak 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTuberculosis is an endemic disease in India for decades, and its coexistence in the patients with malignancy cannot be ignored. The non-specific uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-d-glucose in active infection and malignancy can affect the diagnosis and management of patients. However, characteristic anatomical features of the lesion aid not only in its localization but also in diagnosis. We share an interesting case of necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of dorsal spine mimicking skeletal metastases in a treated case of carcinoma cervix.
Medicolegal aspect of loss of smell and olfactory event-related potentials
Authors: Çelik Cemil , Güler Hülya , Pehlivan Murat 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
It is not straightforward to objectively evaluate the olfactory dysfunction that occurs following forensic incidents. The olfactory event-related potentials method, based on electrophysiological records, may provide objective data in the evaluation of posttraumatic anosmia cases from the medicolegal perspective. This study, where a quantitative evaluation of the cases with the complaints of olfactory sensation disorder was performed using the olfactory event-related potentials test, aims to identify the factors that should be considered in the evaluation of olfactory dysfunction from the medicolegal perspective.

Results
This study first evaluated the complaints of 98 patients admitted because of posttraumatic impaired smell and then administered electrophysiological odor tests on the patients. Because of this, the relationship between the EEG responses of the cases and the olfactory disorder was examined. Of the 98 cases that participated in the study, 68 (69.4%) were male and 30 (30.6%) were female. Of all cases, 53 (54.1%) had complaints of not being able to smell at all, 14 (14.3%) had complaints of reduced smell, whereas, in addition to the existing complaints of olfactory dysfunction, 44 (44.9%) of them had complaints of taste perception and 18 (18.3%) reported having vision disorders. 21 of 37 cases who reported being unable to smell during the test turned out to be anosmic. Furthermore, 16 cases stated that, though having had a response in the odor test, they had no sense of smell following the test.

Conclusions
Although it seems possible to prove that there is a relationship between the olfactory event-related potential test and the diagnosis of anosmia, there is still ongoing research on its use in clinical practice. Performing both subjective and electrophysiological tests together to detect olfactory dysfunctions that occur after a forensic incident enable provide more reliable results in diagnosis.
Secondary supermarket revolution: food sources and food security in Northern Namibia
Authors: Kazembe Lawrence , Crush Jonathan , Nickanor Ndeyapo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA central feature of the transformation of urban food systems in cities of the Global South is the growing presence of supermarkets and their supply chains, often termed supermarketization or a supermarket revolution. A key issue in the African context is whether supermarkets are a threat to other sources of food including informal sector vendors. Most research on the supermarket revolution and competition with other food retailers focuses on large urban conurbations with little attention paid to the role of supermarkets in smaller urban centres. This paper aims to rectify this situation through a case study of the role of supermarkets in three small urban centres in northern Namibia. The paper uses data from a representative household food security survey in 2018 which collected detailed information on household food consumption and food purchasing patterns. We show that supermarkets have established a dominant role in the local food system and are patronized by almost all households. However, the informal food sector displays considerable resilience and is patronized on a regular basis by low-income households. Future research on the impact of the secondary supermarket revolution should examine the experience and strategies of informal food vendors and whether the relationship with supermarkets is truly symbiotic or not.
Role of anti-Mullerian hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Bhattacharya Koushik , Saha Ishita , Sen Debanjana , Bose Chaitali , Chaudhuri Gargi Ray , Dutta Sulagna , Sengupta Pallav , Bhattacharya Soumita , Barman Sharit Shekhar , Syamal Alak Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynecological endocrine disorders affecting up to 10% of all females in their reproductive age, and its cause of onset is still elusive. A spectrum of recent research reflected diverse associations between increased plasma level of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and different clinical features of PCOS. Since AMH levels reflect the pool of growing follicles that potentially can ovulate, it can be stated that serum AMH levels can be used to assess the “functional ovarian reserve,” rather mentioning it as the “ovarian reserve.” AMH also appears to be a premier endocrine parameter for the assessment of atrophied ovarian follicular pool in response to age of individuals. AMH hinders the follicular development as well as the follicular recruitment and ultimately resulting in follicular arrest which is the key pathophysiologic condition for the onset of PCOS. Furthermore, FSH-induced aromatase activity remains inhibited by AMH that aids emergence of other associated clinical signs of PCOS, such as excess androgen, followed by insulin resistance among the PCOS individuals. Given the versatile association of AMH with PCOS and scarcity in literature explaining the underling mechanisms how AMH relates with PCOS, this review article will discuss the roles of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS which may introduce a new era in treatment approach of PCOS.
Optimization of PC micro-drilling using a continuous CO2 laser: an experimental and theoretical comparative study
Authors: Abdulwahab Ansam E. , Hubeatir Kadhim A. , Imhan Khalil I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLaser drilling on polymers has many applications in various industries, such as sensors, aerospace, medical devices, and microelectronics. In this research, a CO2laser machine was employed for micro-drilling PC samples. Design–Expert analysis was applied to understand the laser drilling process better. Based on a Box–Behnken design (BBD) of the experimental software, 17 experiments were designed to examine the laser parameters’ influence on the micro-drilling process. The impact of parameters, such as power (P), exposure time (t), and focal plane position (FPP), on the depth, entry diameter, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) was investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Quadratic regression models were applied to model different hole factors throughout the process. The experiments were optimized using the developed objective model as a function to attain the best hole. The outcomes revealed that a full hole with a 351-μm diameter and 102-μm HAZ was obtained at 0 FPP, with a laser power of 4 W, and at 0.15 s. To conduct virtual tests alongside the experimental study, simulation of the drilling mechanism’s temperature distribution was achieved via the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The simulation’s refined accuracy was able to predict the hole’s geometry and presented outcomes that favorably corresponded with the experimental results. A numerical optimization technique was used to generate an ideal hole by minimizing or maximizing the objective function, achieving full holes of 350-μm diameter and 90-μm HAZ, obtained at 0 FPP, with 3.6 W, and at 0.1 s.
Employing systems of green walls to improve performance and rationalize energy in buildings
Authors: Mohammed Abdullah Badawy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the context of energy crisis challenges, climatic changes, rising temperatures, and the disappearance of green areas, all these have led to emerging thermally uncomfortable indoor spaces because their envelopes did not prevent the harmful effects of the outdoor climate. Hence, the urgent need to adopt the most effective methods to treat thermal performance and rationalize energy consumption in buildings has emerged. Consequently, the research aims to improve the environmental and thermal performance of building envelopes affecting their indoor environments by employing the systems of green walls. Accordingly, their types, design considerations, characteristics, technical elements, and indicators of sustainability aspects related to them were collected and investigated to ensure their success. Also, these systems’ indoor and outdoor effects on buildings and two international experiments were analyzed for benefit when dealing with these systems. An analytical comparison was performed concerning their applications to guide understanding and utilization. The study devised a seven-stage framework to choose, design, evaluate, and attain the most appropriate green wall system according to the state and circumstances of the studied building. Finally, inspecting this framework was by the chi-square test, thus fostering the integration of the natural environment with the built environment, human comfort, and energy conservation.
Effects of nonlocal interactions in describing V centers of MgO
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Chuan Guo , Wang Xianlong , Zeng Zhi , Lin Hai Qing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The electronic structure and optical absorption spectrum of V
0 and

center in MgO are investigated based on the density functional theory. The V-type centers are well described when the local symmetry around Mg vacancy is destroyed by using the nonlocal hybrid functionals. It is demonstrated that the holes are trapped on one (or two) O atoms around Mg vacancy for

(or V
0) center. The defect states are separated from the valence bands due to the nonlocal exchange interactions involved in the hybrid functionals, which is the key to describing the optical properties correctly. At ambient condition, the absorption peaks ∼2.5 eV and ∼2.6 eV are assigned to V
0 and

center, respectively, and they exhibit blue shift with increasing pressure.
Romosozumab-aqqg in the Treatment of Osteoporosis in a Patient With Hypophosphatasia
Authors: Khanjee Naveed , Maalouf Naim M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is a rare, inherited condition that causes osteomalacia and recurrent fractures. Therapeutic options for osteoporosis in patients with hypophosphatasia are limited because of concerns for a greater likelihood of atypical femoral fractures with antiresorptive agents. We report here the case of a patient with hypophosphatasia and osteoporosis who was treated with romosozumab-aqqg (Romo). An 81-year-old woman presented for management of osteoporosis with multiple fractures. She experienced a decline in bone mineral density over 20 years despite sequential osteoporosis treatment with oral bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, teriparatide, and denosumab. Hypophosphatasia was suspected because of low serum alkaline phosphatase levels and was confirmed by genetic testing. After diagnosing hypophosphatasia, bone mineral density continued to decline and a trial of Romo was begun. After 1 year of Romo therapy, bone mineral density improved by 21%, and 10% at the lumbar spine and total hip, respectively. These changes were substantially greater than what she had experienced with prior teriparatide therapy. Blood alkaline phosphatase remained low on Romo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with hypophosphatasia and osteoporosis treated with Romo. In our patient, Romo did not significantly impact serum alkaline phosphatase, but improved bone mineral density significantly. In conclusion, Romo is a potential treatment option for osteoporosis in patients with hypophosphatasia for whom limited alternatives exist.
Gestational Diabetes and International Migration
Authors: Kragelund Nielsen Karoline , Davidsen Emma , Husted Henriksen Anne , Andersen Gregers S 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn many countries, immigrant women constitute a substantial proportion of women giving birth. With gestational diabetes being one of the most common complications in pregnancy, understanding gestational diabetes in the context of international migration becomes increasingly relevant. Here, we examine the current evidence related to international migration and gestational diabetes, including short- and long-term adverse outcomes and the experiences of immigrant women with gestational diabetes care and long-term follow-up. Existing evidence focuses on immigrants in high-income countries, and has mainly examined differences in the risk of developing gestational diabetes, or on the experiences of immigrant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Studies suggest that the risk of gestational diabetes may be influenced by migration and that immigrant women likely experience particular barriers to care and follow-up. Current research on perinatal outcomes is inconclusive and studies on long-term outcomes are practically absent. Future research should include data on country of origin and examine the role of premigration and postmigration factors in developing gestational diabetes and its associated short- and long-term outcomes. Understanding these factors will provide useful insights into improving the health and health care needs of migrating populations and enable inclusion of culturally appropriate health care practices, thereby improving the health of our current and future generations.
Volatile Versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Postoperative Delirium in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jiang Jia-Li , Zhang Lu , He Lei-Lei , Yu Hong , Li Xue-Fei , Dai Shun-Hui , Yu Hai 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
The effect of anesthesia regimens on postoperative delirium after on-pump cardiac valve surgery is yet undetermined. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of volatile anesthesia compared with propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) on the occurrence of delirium after on-pump cardiac valve surgery.

METHODS:
This randomized clinical trial was conducted at a university academic hospital in China, from February 2019 to January 2021. Patients scheduled for on-pump cardiac valve surgery or combined valve with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries were randomly assigned to receive anesthesia maintenance with either a volatile anesthetic (sevoflurane or desflurane) or propofol-based TIVA. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium during the first 7 days after surgery, assessed using the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (ICU). The secondary outcomes included duration of delirium, subtypes of delirium, 30-day mortality, pain score, major morbidity (including cerebral infarction, respiratory failure, and pneumonia), duration of mechanical ventilation, and lengths of ICU and hospital stay. The statistical analysis of the primary outcome variable was by Pearson’s χ2 test.

RESULTS:
Among the 684 patients analyzed (mean age, 53.8 years; 381 [55.7%] women), 676 were assessed for the primary outcome. Postoperative delirium occurred in 63 of 337 (18.7%) patients receiving volatile anesthesia versus 76 of 339 (22.4%) patients receiving propofol-based TIVA (relative risk, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–1.16; P = .231). There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients undergoing on-pump cardiac valve surgery, anesthesia maintenance with a volatile agent did not result in significantly fewer occurrences of postoperative delirium than propofol-based TIVA.
Activity monitoring of stroke patients by physiotherapist and caregivers in a hospital setting
Authors: Shankaranarayana Apoorva M. , Pattan Yakub Sameerkhan , Hegde Nikhil , Natarajan Manikandan , Pai Aparna R. , Nayak Raghavendra , Solomon John M. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Activity monitoring is a necessary technique to ensure stroke survivors’ activity levels in the hospital are within optimal levels as this is important for enhanced motor recovery. However, this could be time-consuming for healthcare professionals like physiotherapists. Activity monitoring by caregivers could be an alternate option. Therefore, our aim was to compare the activity monitoring of stroke survivors by caregivers and physiotherapists in a hospital setting. Methods: An observation study was carried out in the neuroscience ward in a tertiary care hospital among 17 stroke survivors. Physiotherapist and caregivers were instructed to use an activity log chart that was developed during previous research conducted by the same authors for observing the activities performed by the patients every 15 minutes from 8 AM to 5 PM. Data collected were analysed using Stata 15. Kappa statistics were carried out to determine the agreement of the observations between the two raters. Results: A total of 10 male and seven female caregivers of stroke survivors with a mean age of 40.11 ± 9.2 years participated in the study. A total of 272 observations of caregivers were in agreement with that of the physiotherapist. Inter-rater Kappa statistics showed 60% agreement between the physiotherapist and the caregivers, while the multi-rater Kappa for different time points did not show agreement (Kappa value <0.1). Conclusions: There was moderate agreement between the physiotherapist and caregiver for activity monitoring of stroke survivors. This suggests behavioural mapping by caregivers may be a potential alternative solution in healthcare settings.