bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative prophylaxis for surgical site infections in pediatric spinal surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Shaffer Annabelle , Naik Anant , MacInnis Bailey , Chen Michael , Ivankovic Sven , Paisan Gabriella , Garst Jonathan R. , Hassaneen Wael , Arnold Paul M. 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE
Postoperative infections in pediatric spinal surgery commonly occur and necessitate reoperation(s). However, pediatric-specific infection prophylaxis guidelines are not available. This network meta-analysis compares perioperative prophylaxis methods including Betadine irrigation, saline irrigation, intrawound vancomycin powder, combination therapy (Betadine, vancomycin, gentamicin, and cefuroxime), Betadine irrigation plus vancomycin powder, and no intervention to determine the most efficacious prevention method.

METHODS
A systematic review was performed by searching the PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for peer-reviewed articles published prior to February 2022 comparing two or more infection prophylaxis methods in patients younger than 22 years of age. Data were extracted for treatment modalities, patient demographics, and patient outcomes such as total number of infections, surgical site infections, deep infections, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, follow-up time, and postoperative complications. Quality and risk of bias was assessed using National Institutes of Health tools. A network meta-analysis was performed with reduction of infections as the primary outcome.

RESULTS
Overall, 10 studies consisting of 5164 procedures were included. There was no significant difference between prophylactic treatment options in reduction of infection. However, three treatment options showed significant reduction in total infection compared with no prophylactic treatment: Betadine plus vancomycin (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.09–0.54), vancomycin (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.96–5.44), and a combination therapy (Betadine, vancomycin, gentamicin, and cefuroxime) (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.75). P-Score hierarchical ranking estimated Betadine plus vancomycin to be the superior treatment to prevent total infections, deep infections, and surgical site infections (P-score 0.7876, 0.7175, and 0.7291, respectively). No prophylaxis treatment–related complications were reported.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this network meta-analysis show the strongest support for Betadine plus vancomycin as a method to reduce infections following pediatric spinal surgery. There was heterogeneity among studies and inconsistent outcome reporting; however, three effective treatment options are identified.
Clinical course of pediatric gunshot wounds involving the spine and spinal cord: the Miami experience
Authors: Lu Victor M. , Pinilla Escobar Victoria A. , Saberi Rebecca A. , Gilna Gareth P. , Burks Joshua D. , Niazi Toba N. , Thorson Chad M. , McCrea Heather J. 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE
Civilian gunshot wounds (GSWs) involving the skeletal spine and spinal cord in pediatric patients are fortunately rare. Nevertheless, their presentation mandates judicious evaluation, and their clinical outcomes remain poorly defined. Thus, the authors aimed to characterize the clinical course of this traumatic presentation in the pediatric population based on their institutional experience.

METHODS
A retrospective review of a level I trauma center database was performed for the period 2011–2021. Clinical data were included for patients aged ≤ 18 years who had presented with radiographic and clinical evidence of a GSW to the spine and had at least one documented follow-up at least 6 months after injury. The primary outcomes of the study were the categorization of gunshot injuries and the results of neurological and functional examinations.

RESULTS
A total of 13 patients satisfied the study selection criteria. The mean patient age was 15.7 ± 1.6 years, and all presentations were assault in nature. Most of the patients were male (n = 12, 92%) in gender, Black in race (n = 11, 85%), and from zip codes with a median household income below the local county average (n = 10, 77%). All patients presented with a minimum Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14. Examination at presentation revealed American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade A in 3 cases (23%), grade B in 2 (15%), grade C in 1 (8%), grade D in 2 (15%), and grade E in 5 (38%). Gunshot injury involved all regions of the spine, most commonly the cervical and thoracic spine (n = 6 for each, 46%). In terms of skeletal injury, the most common injuries were to the facet (n = 10, 77%) and the pedicle (n = 8, 62%), with evidence of intracanal injury in 9 patients (69%). Neurosurgical intervention was pursued in 1 patient (8%). Overall, 7 patients (54%) experienced a complication during admission, and the median length of hospitalization was 12 days (range 1–88 days) without any mortality events. Within 90 days from discharge, 2 patients (15%) were readmitted to the hospital for further care. The mean follow-up was 28.9 months (range 6–74 months), by which only 1 patient (8%) had an improved AIS examination; all other patients remained at their initial AIS grade.

CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric GSWs involving the spine are typically nonfatal presentations, and their long-term functional outlook appears contingent on clinical examination findings at initial presentation. Although neurosurgical intervention is not necessary in most cases, judicious evaluation of radiographic and clinical examinations by a neurosurgical team is strongly recommended to optimize recovery.
ДІАГНОСТИКА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНОГО ПІДХОДУ В СИСТЕМІ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ HR- ІНЖИНІРИНГУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Глушко Тетяна , Волянська-Савчук Леся , Кошонько Олена , Горбатюк Олександр 
Published: October 2022

У статті проведено діагностику компетентісного підходу та її вплив на вдосконалення системи HR- інжинірингу підприємства. Досліджено інструменти компетентісного підходу та процес їх застосування. HR-інжиніринг необхідно застосовувати на всіх ланках управління персоналом, а для вдалої його реалізації необхідно використовувати компетентісний підхід. Останні декілька років, під впливом коронакризи, економічне та соціальне становище в країні досить мінливе, а з початком військового стану, ще турбулентне. Ці всі чинники стали кардинальним поштовхом до трансформації HR-галузі та адаптації HR-інжинірингу до нових умов. Запропоновано цикл діагностики компетенцій персоналу.
Визначено важливість компетентнісного підходу в HR-інжинірингу підприємства. Запропоновано підходи до оцінки компетенцій. Виділено ряд переваг застосування компетентісносого підходу в процесі вдосконалення HR- інжинірингу персоналу.
Діагностика компетентнісного підходу в системі вдосконалення HR- інжинірингу персоналу – це безперервний процес, під час якого знання та навички постійно модифікуються. Це особливо важливо в сучасному динамічному світі, що швидко змінюється. Здатність розуміти поточні можливості та розробляти нові має вирішальне значення, щоб залишатися на крок попереду.
Humilhação da presunção e interiorização da lei moral em Immanuel Kant
Authors: Silva Reginaldo Oliveira 
Published: October 2022

Na Crítica da razão prática, Kant desenvolve o fundamento da lei moral em seus aspectos objetivo e subjetivo. Depois de afirmar ser plausível postular a determinação da vontade tão somente por meio da razão pura em seu uso prático, foi necessário ao filósofo demonstrar como ela se torna consciente e aceitável para o agente moral. Neste passo, ele examina o sentimento de prazer e desprazer, ao qual associa, de início, a humilhação da vontade entregue ao agrado dos sentidos, de modo que no sujeito emerge uma qualidade nova de sentimento, o respeito, também denominado de sentimento moral. A mesma estratégia encontra-se na terceira crítica, onde o constrangimento, desta vez, atua sobre a imaginação, impossibilitada de abarcar a imensidão sublime com o auxílio do entendimento. O desprazer daí proveniente conduz ao reconhecimento da razão como faculdade superior e, desta, ao prazer proveniente da consciência da lei moral como destinação superior. A considerar a forma como o subjetivo assimila a lei moral, pretende-se aqui pensá-la sob a hipótese de ser ela, antes, por meio do constrangimento e do desprazer, não apenas fundada na liberdade, mas também na humilhação da presunção. O argumento segue as obras de Kant sobre a ética, a começar pela Fundamentação da Metafísica dos costumes, em seguida, segue o caminho da segunda para a terceira crítica. Neste percurso, pretende-se examinar o lugar que o sentimento de prazer ocupa no fundamento a priori da lei moral, seja na analítica da razão prática seja na analítica do belo e do sublime.
“Por quê olhar os animais?” Ética da alteridade e animalidade em John Berger
Authors: Uchôa Mateus 
Published: October 2022

Em seu texto Por quê olhar os animais?, John Berger comenta como a metáfora animal foi um recurso indispensável para revelar uma proximidade entre as espécies, e que sem o exemplo de animais seria improvável, por exemplo, descrever eventos como aqueles narrados por Homero n’A Iíada. A correlação entre vidas semelhantes e heterogêneas permitiram aos seres humanos, inspirados pelos animais, darem respostas às primeiras perguntas. É razoável afirmar que a primeira metáfora tenha sido a do animal, como um modo de partilhar o mundo que lhes era comum e diferente. Mas nossa relação com os animais não-humanos também contém contradições; a criação do zoológico representou a elevação de um monumento à impossibilidade de qualquer reencontro com a animalidade. Em vez de liberados, os animais foram capturados por outras categorias políticas. Para John Berger as ambiguidades permanecem “Eles são os objetos de nosso conhecimento sempre crescente. O que sabemos sobre eles é um índice de nosso poder, e assim é um índice do que nos separa deles. Quanto mais sabemos, mais distante eles ficam.”
Review pengaruh penetrasi photovoltaic terhadap loss of life dan kinerja transformator
Authors: Prasojo Rahman Azis , Duanaputri Rohmanita , Apriliasari Jamik , Dini Rosina Ahda , Mahmudah Devi Soviati 
Published: October 2022

Salah satu peralatan yang penting dalam sistem distribusi tenaga listrik adalah transformator. Penuaan transformator disebabkan oleh kerusakan isolasi yang diakibatkan dari proses degradasi kimia yang terakselerasi oleh oksidasi dan peningkatan suhu. Maka dari itu, untuk menilai loss of life transformator yang paling umum digunakan adalah menggunakan karakteristik thermal transformator. Peningkatan penggunaan photovoltaic (PV) yang mulai menyebar di berbagai daerah adalah salah satu bukti mulai diandalkannya energi terbarukan. Hal ini membawa dampak positif maupun negatif, baik bagi sistem tenaga secara keseluruhan, maupun bagi peralatan listrik. Artikel ini membahas berbagai penelitian terdahulu yang meneliti tentang pengaruh penggunaan PV terhadap penurunan kondisi transformator distribusi. Artikel review ini dibagi menjadi tiga bagian. Yang pertama membahas tentang akibat pemasangan PV yang mempengaruhi kinerja dari isolasi transformator berdasarkan pembebanan yang dialami saat operasi. Yang kedua membahas tentang pengaruh harmonisa yang dihasilkan oleh sistem PV terhadap penuaan transformator. Yang terakhir membahas tentang beberapa penelitian terdahulu yang membahas pendekatan untuk mengatasi harmonisa pada sistem

ABSTRACT
One of the most important equipment in an electric power distribution system is a transformer. Transformer aging is caused by insulation breakdown resulted from chemical degradation processes that are accelerated by oxidation and increasing temperature. To assess the loss of life of the transformer, the most commonly used is to use the thermal characteristics of the transformer. The increasing use of photovoltaic which is starting to spread in various regions is one proof that renewable energy is starting to be relied on. This has both positive and negative impacts, both for the power system as a whole and for electrical equipment. This article discusses various previous studies that examined the effect of the use of photovoltaic on the deterioration of the distribution transformer condition. This review article is divided into three parts. The first is the effect of PV penetration which affects the performance of the transformer insulation based on the loading during operation. The second is the effect of harmonics generated by the PV system on the transformer aging. The last is to discuss some of the previous studies that proposed methods in reducing harmonics in the system.
Biomechanical comparison of the undercut thread design versus conventional buttress thread for the lag screw of the dynamic hip screw system
Authors: Liu Fei , Feng Xiaoreng , Zheng Jianxiong , Leung Frankie , Chen Bin 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the fixation stability of the lag screw with a undercut thread design for the dynamic hip screw (DHS) system versus the lag screw with the conventional buttress thread.Methods: The lag screws with the undercut thread (a flat crest feature, a tip-facing undercut feature) and buttress thread were both manufactured. Fixation stability was investigated using cyclic compressive biomechanical testing on custom osteoporotic femoral head sawbone. The forces required for the same vertical displacement in the two types of lag screw were collected to evaluate the resistance to migration. Varus angle was measured on X-ray images to assess the ability in preventing varus collapse. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to analyze the stress and strain distribution at the bone-screw interface of the two types of lag screws.Results: The biomechanical test demonstrated that the force required to achieve the same vertical displacement of the lag screw with the undercut thread was significantly larger than the lag screw with conventional buttress thread (p &lt; 0.05). The average varus angles generated by the undercut and buttress threads were 3.38 ± 0.51° and 5.76 ± 0.38°, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The FEA revealed that the region of high-stress concentration in the bone surrounding the undercut thread was smaller than that surrounding the buttress thread.Conclusion: The proposed DHS system lag screw with the undercut thread had higher migration resistance and superior fixation stability than the lag screw with the conventional buttress thread.
2’-Fucosyllactose inhibits proliferation of Clostridioides difficile ATCC 43599 in the CDi-screen, an in vitro model simulating Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Wiese Maria , Schuren Frank H. J. , Smits Wiep Klaas , Kuijper Ed J. , Ouwens Anita , Heerikhuisen Margreet , Vigsnaes Louise , van den Broek Tim J. , de Boer Paulo , Montijn Roy C. , van der Vossen Jos M. B. M. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundClostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that can produce the toxins TcdA and/or TcdB and is considered an opportunistic pathogen. C. difficile is mainly transmitted as endospores, which germinate to produce the pathogenic vegetative cells under suitable conditions in the gut. To efficiently screen novel therapeutic- interventions against the proliferation of C. difficile within a complex microbial community, platforms are needed that facilitate parallel experimentation. In order to allow for screening of novel interventions a medium-to-high throughput in vitro system is desirable. To this end, we have developed the 96-well CDi-screen platform that employs an adapted simulated ileal effluent medium (CDi-SIEM) and allows for culturing of pathogenic C. difficile.MethodsC. difficile strain ATCC 43599 was inoculated in the form of vegetative cells and spores into the CDi-screen in the presence and absence of a cultured fecal microbiota and incubated for 48h. To demonstrate its utility, we investigated the effect of the human milk oligosaccharide 2’-Fucosyllactose (2’-FL) at 4 and 8 mg/mL on C. difficile outgrowth and toxin production in the CDi-screen. The test conditions were sampled after 24 and 48 hours. C. difficile -specific primers were used to monitor C. difficile growth via qPCR and barcoded 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing facilitated the in-depth analysis of gut microbial community dynamics.ResultsC. difficile ATCC 43599 proliferated in CDi-SIEM, both when inoculated as spores and as vegetative cells. The strain reached cell numbers expressed as C. difficile genome equivalents of up to 10 8 cells per mL after 24h of incubation. 2’-FL significantly inhibited the outgrowth of the ATTC 43599 strain within a complex human gut microbial community in the CDi-screen. In addition, a dose-dependent modulation of the gut microbial community composition by 2’-FL supplementation was detected, with a significant increase in the relative abundance of the genus Blautia in the presence of 2’-FL.ConclusionThe CDi-screen is suitable for studying C. difficile proliferation in a complex gut ecosystem and for screening for anti-pathogenic interventions that target C. difficile directly and/or indirectly through interactions with the gut microbiota. Different doses of compounds such as in this study the dose of the human milk oligosaccharide 2’-FL can be screened for efficacy in the inhibition of C. difficile proliferation.
The relationship between atherosclerotic disease and relapse during ATD treatment
Authors: Zhu Xinxin , Zhang Yaguang , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaona , Ru Zixuan , Wu Yanmeizhi , Yang Xu , Hou Boyu , Qiao Hong 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundClinical relapse is a potential risk for traditional antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment in hyperthyroid patients. Evidence suggests that atherosclerotic disease is closely associated with hyperthyroidism, while the relationship between atherosclerosis and relapse remains unclear.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty-five patients with GD who underwent ATD as their first treatment were studied; 88 and 137 patients were categorized as drug reduction relapse and drug reduction remission, respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of drug reduction relapse in patients with GD.ResultsDuring a median of 48 months followed up 88 patients who relapsed. According to multivariate analyses, atherosclerosis related diseases, FT4, goiter, and anxiety rating scores are independent risk factors for drug reduction. According to K-M survival analysis, patients with atherosclerosis related diseases, FT4 &gt; 18.82 pmol/L, anxiety rating scores &gt; 23, and gradation of goiter ≥ Grade II had a higher risk of relapse than those with lower levels. ROC analysis shown atherosclerosis related diseases significantly improved the predictive accuracy of relapse.ConclusionsAtherosclerotic disease is closely related to the relapse of hyperthyroidism, ATD treatment in hyperthyroid patients with atherosclerosis should be given more attention.
Identification of hub genes and transcription factor regulatory network for heart failure using RNA-seq data and robust rank aggregation analysis
Authors: Tu Dingyuan , Ma Chaoqun , Zeng ZhenYu , Xu Qiang , Guo Zhifu , Song Xiaowei , Zhao Xianxian 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is the end stage of various cardiovascular diseases with a high mortality rate. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for HF are urgently required. Our research aims to identify HF-related hub genes and regulatory networks using bioinformatics and validation assays.MethodsUsing four RNA-seq datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of HF using Removal of Unwanted Variation from RNA-seq data (RUVSeq) and the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method. Then, hub genes were recognized using the STRING database and Cytoscape software with cytoHubba plug-in. Furthermore, reliable hub genes were validated by the GEO microarray datasets and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using heart tissues from patients with HF and non-failing donors (NFDs). In addition, R packages “clusterProfiler” and “GSVA” were utilized for enrichment analysis. Moreover, the transcription factor (TF)–DEG regulatory network was constructed by Cytoscape and verified in a microarray dataset.ResultsA total of 201 robust DEGs were identified in patients with HF and NFDs. STRING and Cytoscape analysis recognized six hub genes, among which ASPN, COL1A1, and FMOD were confirmed as reliable hub genes through microarray datasets and qRT-PCR validation. Functional analysis showed that the DEGs and hub genes were enriched in T-cell-mediated immune response and myocardial glucose metabolism, which were closely associated with myocardial fibrosis. In addition, the TF–DEG regulatory network was constructed, and 13 significant TF–DEG pairs were finally identified.ConclusionOur study integrated different RNA-seq datasets using RUVSeq and the RRA method and identified ASPN, COL1A1, and FMOD as potential diagnostic biomarkers for HF. The results provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms and effective treatments of HF.
Utility of vector flow mapping technology in quantitative assessment of carotid wall shear stress in hypertensive patients: A preliminary study
Authors: He Lan , Cai Yundan , Feng Yuhong , Wang Wenwen , Feng Tienan , Shen E. , Yang Shaoling 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundBlood flowing in the arterial lumen acts on the surface of the vessel wall to form wall shear stress (WSS). To date, there has been limited research on the utility of non-invasive technology in the accurate quantification of carotid WSS in patients with hypertension (HP).ObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore the usage of vascular vector flow mapping (VFM) in the quantitative assessment of carotid WSS in hypertensive patients at an early stage and to validate its clinical utility.MethodsA total of 50 individuals confirmed without carotid plaques were grouped into a HP group (n = 25) and a control (CON) group (n = 25) according to blood pressure. An ALOKA LISENDO 880 Color Doppler Ultrasound with a L441 3–15 MHZ probe was used to obtain a longitudinal section scan to determine the regions of interests (ROIs) of the common carotid artery. VFM-based WSS measurements were obtained by selecting the ROI with optimal image quality from three full cardiac cycles. WSS-derived measurements, including WSSmax, WSSmin, and WSSmean, were analyzed and compared between the HP and CON groups. In addition, the correlations between WSS-derived measurements and the carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) were also analyzed.ResultsThere were significant statistical differences in WSSmax and WSSmean between patients in the HP and CON groups. Specifically, the HP group had significantly decreased WSSmax and WSSmean compared to the CON group (WSSmax: 1.781 ± 0.305 Pa vs. 2.286 ± 0.257 Pa; WSSmean: 1.276 ± 0.333 Pa vs. 1.599 ± 0.293 Pa, both p &lt; 0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in WSSmin between the groups (0.79 ± 0.36 vs. 0.99 ± 0.42, p = 0.080). Additionally, Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that the WSS-derived parameters were negatively correlated with the IMT (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionVascular VFM technology shows promising results in the quantitative assessment of difference in hemodynamics of the vascular flow field between patients with HP and normal controls. Difference in WSS may serve as a potential predictor for the development of arteriosclerosis risks.