bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tradition of indigenous people and the status of internal migrants – The story of exclusion in West Seram (Maluku, Indonesia)
Authors: Sienkiewicz Simona 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I explore approaches in establishing cross‐cultural relations between indigenous people and internal migrants in the district of West Seram (Maluku, Indonesia). According to current data, the number of people from other islands exceeds the local population but the district government neglects the ethnic issues. Emerging inequalities are becoming a challenge for internal migrants, especially in the areas of leadership and land tenure. I argue that the sense of exclusion among ‘outsiders’ impacts on growing social tensions and creates immobility within the social structures, giving less room for negotiations and dialogue.
Adolescent Health Series: The status of adolescent mental health research, practice and policy in sub‐Saharan Africa: A narrative review
Authors: Sequeira Miriam , Singh Soumya , Fernandes Luanna , Gaikwad Leena , Gupta Devika , Chibanda Dixon , Nadkarni Abhijit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) has the fastest growing adolescent population in the world. In addition to developmental changes, adolescents in SSA face health and socioeconomic challenges that increase their vulnerability to mental ill‐health. This paper is a narrative review of adolescent mental health (AMH) in SSA with a focus on past achievements, current developments, and future directions in the areas of research, practice and policy in the region. We describe the status of AMH in the region, critical factors that negatively impact AMH, and the ways in which research, practice and policy have responded to this need. Depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorders are the most common mental health problems among adolescents in SSA. Intervention development has largely been focused on HIV/AIDS service delivery in school or community programs by non‐specialist health workers. There is a severe shortage of specialised AMH services, poor integration of services into primary health care, lack of a coordinated inter‐sectoral collaboration, and the absence of clear referral pathways. Policies for the promotion of AMH have been given less attention by policymakers, due to stigma attached to mental health problems, and an insufficient understanding of the link between mental health and social determinants, such as poverty. Given these gaps, traditional healers are the most accessible care available to help‐seeking adolescents. Sustained AMH research with a focus on the socioeconomic benefits of implementing evidence‐based, contextually adapted psychosocial interventions might prove useful in advocating for much needed policies to improve AMH in SSA.
Increased use of sanitizers and disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic: identification of antimicrobial chemicals and considerations for aquatic environmental contamination
Authors: Marteinson Sarah C. , Lawrence Michael J. , Taranu Zofia E. , Kosziwka Kerri , Taylor Jessica J. , Green Alexandria , Winegardner Amanda K. , Rytwinski Trina , Reid Jessica L. , Dubetz Cory , Leblanc Judith , Galus Michal D. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: July 2022

In response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been an increased need for personal and environmental decontamination to aid in curbing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Products used for this purpose include sanitizers for hands and disinfectants for surfaces. The active chemical ingredients used in these products, termed antimicrobials, can enter waste streams after application and may be emerging as more prominent environmental contaminants. Even prior to COVID-19, there was recognized need to examine their implications for aquatic biota, which is now made more pressing due to their exaggerated use in response to the pandemic. Our objectives were to identify current antimicrobial active ingredients, quantify their increased use, and determine which may be candidates for further consideration as possible aquatic contaminants. By consulting multiple sources of publicly available information in Canada, we identified current-use antimicrobials from the lists of sanitizers and surface disinfectants approved for use against SARS-CoV-2 by Health Canada and the drug registration database. To estimate the use of sanitizers and disinfectants, we evaluated import quantities and grocery store retail sales of related compounds and products (Statistics Canada) and both lines of evidence supported increased use trends. The list of identified antimicrobials was refined to include only candidates with potential to reach aquatic ecosystems, and information on their environmental concentrations and toxicity to aquatic biota was reviewed. Candidate antimicrobials ( n = 32) fell into four main categories: quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), phenols, acids, and salts. Benzalkonium chloride, a QAC, was the most prominent active ingredient used in both nonalcohol-based hand sanitizers and surface disinfectants. Four QACs followed in prevalence and the next most used antimicrobial was triclosan (hand sanitizers only), an established and regulated environmental contaminant. Little information was found on environmental concentrations of other candidates, suggesting that the majority would fall into the category of emerging contaminants if they enter aquatic systems. Several were classified as acutely or chronically toxic to aquatic biota (Globally Harmonized System), and thus we recommend empirical research begin focusing on environmental monitoring of all candidate antimicrobials as a critical next step, with detection method development first where needed.
Hawking evaporation, shadow images, and thermodynamics of black holes through deflection angle
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Chaudhary Shahid , Jusufi Kimet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the Hawking evaporation process of the exact black hole with nonlinear electrodynamics for positive and negative coupling constant $$\zeta $$
ζ
. We provide a new perspective to study the thermodynamics of exact black hole through deflection angle formalism. We also evaluate the shadow images in the presence of deflection images for this black hole. Moreover, we consider the Gibbs energy optical dependence to investigate the Hawking-Page transition. We observe that evaporation rate depends upon $$\zeta $$
ζ
and black hole evaporates more quickly for positive $$\zeta $$
ζ
as compared to negative $$\zeta $$
ζ
. For the case $$\zeta =-1$$

ζ
=
-
1

, the black hole’s lifetime become infinite, which makes the black hole a remnant and the third law of black hole thermodynamics holds in this scenario. We show that the thermal variations in the deflection angle can be used to determine the stable and unstable phases of the black hole. Our findings show that large and small phase transitions of black hole occur at a specific value of the deflection angle.
Backward timelike Compton scattering to decipher the photon content of the nucleon
Authors: Pire Bernard , Semenov-Tian-Shansky Kirill M. , Shaikhutdinova Alisa A. , Szymanowski Lech 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe exclusive photoproduction off nucleon of a large invariant mass lepton pair in the backward region specified by the small Mandelstam variable $$-u$$

-
u

is discussed in the framework of collinear QCD factorization. The amplitude is factorized in terms of photon-to-nucleon Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs). These new non-perturbative objects, complementary to the “photon-inside-the-nucleon PDF”, lead to a tomographic picture of the nucleon’s photon content after Fourier transforming to the impact parameter space. This allows to address the question of where in the transverse plane the nucleon emits a photon. A simplistic model-estimate of photon-to-nucleon TDAs is used to estimate the magnitude of the corresponding cross sections. The background due to the electromagnetic Bethe–Heitler process is shown to be negligible in the kinematical regime of interest.
Explaining human mobility predictions through a pattern matching algorithm
Authors: Smolak Kamil , Rohm Witold , Sila-Nowicka Katarzyna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding what impacts the predictability of human movement is a key element for the further improvement of mobility prediction models. Up to this day, such analyses have been conducted using the upper bound of predictability of human mobility. However, later works indicated discrepancies between the upper bound of predictability and accuracy of actual predictions suggesting that the predictability estimation is not accurate. In this work, we confirm these discrepancies and, instead of predictability measure, we focus on explaining what impacts the actual accuracy of human mobility predictions. We show that the accuracy of predictions is dependent on the similarity of transitions observed in the training and test sets derived from the mobility data. We propose and evaluate five pattern matching based-measures, which allow us to quickly estimate the potential prediction accuracy of human mobility. As a result, we find that our metrics can explain up to 90% of its variability. We also find that measures that were proved to explain the variability of predictability measure, fail to explain the variability of predictions accuracy. This suggests that predictability measure and accuracy of predictions should not be compared. Our metrics can be used to quickly assess how predictable the data will be for prediction algorithms. We share developed metrics as a part of HuMobi, the open-source Python library.
Modelling railway delay propagation as diffusion-like spreading
Authors: Dekker Mark M. , Medvedev Alexey N. , Rombouts Jan , Siudem Grzegorz , Tupikina Liubov 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRailway systems form an important means of transport across the world. However, congestions or disruptions may significantly decrease these systems’ efficiencies, making predicting and understanding the resulting train delays a priority for railway organisations. Delays are studied in a wide variety of models, which usually simulate trains as discrete agents carrying delays. In contrast, in this paper, we define a novel model for studying delays, where they spread across the railway network via a diffusion-like process. This type of modelling has various advantages such as quick computation and ease of applying various statistical tools like spectral methods, but it also comes with limitations related to the directional and discrete nature of delays and the trains carrying them. We apply the model to the Belgian railways and study its performance in simulating the delay propagation in severely disrupted railway situations. In particular, we discuss the role of spatial aggregation by proposing to cluster the Belgian railway system into sets of stations and adapt the model accordingly. We find that such aggregation significantly increases the model’s performance. For some particular situations, non-trivial optimal levels of spatial resolution are found on which the model performs best. Our results show the potential of this type of delay modelling to understand large-scale properties of railway systems.
Development of Intelligent CAD Technology for New Longitudinal Shell-Side Heat Exchange Equipment
Authors: Wu Xin , Zhu Feng 
Published: July 2022

In order to correct the errors of “periodic full-section calculation model” and “unit flow channel model,” the author proposes a numerical simulation method of a longitudinal flow shell-side heat exchanger based on CAD. The numerical simulation of the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of the three-blade orifice plate heat exchanger is carried out by using FLUENT software, and the “periodic full-section calculation model” and “unit flow channel model” are established, as well as the calculation results of comparative analysis. Experimental results show the following: With the increase of the inner diameter

D

of the heat exchanger shell, the calculation results of the two models are gradually reached. When

D
>
800

mm

, the error of the calculation results of the two models has been reduced to about 10%; at this time, the “unit flow channel model” has practicability and applicability. When

D
≤
800

mm

, the correction algorithm of the “unit flow channel model” is proposed, and the correction correlation formula of the pressure gradient and convective heat transfer coefficient is given. The revised results of the simulation can not only meet the engineering needs but also save computer resources and improve the calculation efficiency, which provides a theoretical basis for the development, improvement, and further industrial application of the “unit flow channel model” of the longitudinal shell-side heat exchanger.
Tandem Mass Tag Analysis of the Effect of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Nonerosive Reflux Disease Rats with Shugan Jiangni Hewei Granules Treatment
Authors: Wang Tianzuo , Li Jing , Jia Yuebo , Zhao Jiaqi , He Meijun , Bai Guang 
Published: July 2022

Objective. The current study aims to analyze the improvement mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and targets of Shugan Jiangni Hewei granules (SJHG) for nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) treatment as well as to offer an experimental foundation for its clinical use. Methods. Healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats (

n

= 36) were acquired in the current study that was further split into three groups: blank, model, and drug (SJHG). Subsequently, differentially expressed proteins and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the collected tissue samples acquired from the anterior cingulate cortex of the model and SJHG rat groups using a tandem mass tag- (TMT-) based proteomics. Eventually, the obtained data from the bioinformatic analysis was further verified through western blotting. Results. From the bioinformatics analysis, only 64 proteins were differentially expressed between the NC and SJHG groups. These molecules were found to be highly expressed in immunological response and neural signal transmission. Finally, we confirmed three therapeutic targets of SJHG, namely, kininogen 1 (Kng1), junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions. SJHG is effective in treating VH, Kng1 and JAM-A may be therapeutic targets of SJHG, and the therapeutic mechanism of SJHG may be realized by influencing immune response or transmission of neural signals.
Cancer Treatment Data in Central Cancer Registries: When Are Supplemental Data Needed?
Authors: Bradley Cathy J , Liang Rifei , Jasem Jagar , Lindrooth Richard C , Sabik Lindsay M , Perraillon Marcelo C 
Published: July 2022

Background: We evaluated treatment concordance between the Colorado All Payer Claims Database (APCD) and the Colorado Central Cancer Registry (CCCR) to explore whether APCDs can augment registry data. We compare treatment concordance for breast cancer, an extensively studied site with an inpatient reporting source and select leukemias that are often diagnosed outpatient. Methods: We analyzed concordance by cancer type and treatment, patient demographics, reporting source, and health insurance, calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and Kappa statistics. We estimated an adjusted logistic regression model to assess whether the APCD statistically significantly reports additional cancer-directed treatments. Results: Among women with breast cancer, 14% had chemotherapy treatments that were absent from the CCCR. Missing treatments were more common among women younger than age 50 (15%) and patients aged 75 and older (19%), rural residents (17%), and when the reporting source was outpatient (22%). Similar and more pronounced patterns for people with leukemia were observed. Concordance for oral treatments was lower for each cancer. Sensitivity and PPVs were high, with moderate Kappa statistics. The APCD was 5.3 percentage points less likely to identify additional treatments for breast cancer patients and 10 percentage points more likely to identify additional treatments when the reporting source was an outpatient facility. Conclusion: A robust data infrastructure is needed to investigate research questions that require population-level analyses, particularly for questions seeking to reduce health inequity and comparisons across payers, including Medicare Advantage and fee-for-service. APCD data are a step toward creating an infrastructure for cancer, particularly for patients who reside in rural areas and/or receive care from outpatient centers.
Characteristics and trends of globally registered glioma clinical trials in the past 16 years
Authors: He Xiaofang , Zhao Wenbin , Huang Jianwen , Xu Jia , Niu Shaoqing , Zhang Qun , Zhang Nu , Jin Huawei , Shen Guoping 
Published: July 2022

Background: Advancement in the treatment of glioma has been vacant since temozolomide has proved its therapeutic value in glioblastoma in 2005. Aim: To help investigators understand the landscape of glioma clinical research, we analyzed the characteristics and trends of globally registered glioma trials in the past decades. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of glioma trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov between January 2006 and December 2021. Characteristics regarding phase, enrollment number, study design and type, funding source, tumor site, pathology, patient status, age of population, trial purpose, and participating country were abstracted, and chronological shifts were analyzed. Results: There were 1531 registered glioma trials involved 58 participating countries. The trial purpose concerning surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, tumor-treating fields, immunotherapy, other antiglioma therapy and non-antiglioma research trial accounts for 3.5%, 6.5%, 9.5%, 28.9%, 2.0%, 16.4%, 12.5%, and 20.6%, respectively. In the past 16 years, the numbers of chemotherapy and targeted therapy trials declined; tumor-treating fields and immune checkpoint inhibitor application trials sprang at the latter half period; Immunotherapy, other antiglioma therapy and non-antiglioma research trials escalated (all above ptrend < 0.005). The trend also showed the phased trials registered diminishingly and that the trials which focused on glioblastoma registered incrementally (those two ptrend < 0.05). Among 784 drug therapy trials, it was included 45 cytotoxic drugs, 186 targeted drugs, 19 immune checkpoint inhibitors, 78 other drugs, and five immunomodulatory drugs. Two trials belonged to Bayesian adaptive randomized design. By the end of December 2021, 309 trials had publications. Only everolimus and tumor-treating fields exhibited meaningful survival benefit in specific glioma patients in phase 3 trials. Conclusion: Meaningful effective treatments regarding drugs or methods for glioma were difficult to be found. Bayesian adaptive platform trials may accelerate clinical research in glioma. Development of novel treatment modalities for glioma is still challenged.
Cabozantinib combination therapy for the treatment of solid tumors: a systematic review
Authors: Castellano Daniel , Apolo Andrea B. , Porta Camillo , Capdevila Jaume , Viteri Santiago , Rodriguez-Antona Cristina , Martin Lidia , Maroto Pablo 
Published: July 2022

Background: Cabozantinib monotherapy is approved for the treatment of several types of solid tumors. Investigation into the use of cabozantinib combined with other therapies is increasing. To understand the evidence in this area, we performed a systematic review of cabozantinib combination therapy for the treatment of solid tumors in adults. Methods: This study was designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020144680). On 9 October 2020, we searched for clinical trials and observational studies of cabozantinib as part of a combination therapy for solid tumors using Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases, and by screening relevant congress abstracts. Eligible studies reported clinical or safety outcomes, or biomarker data. Randomized and observational studies with a sample size of fewer than 25 and studies of cabozantinib monotherapy were excluded. For each study, quality was assessed using National Institute for Health and Care Excellence methodology, and the study characteristics were described qualitatively. This study was funded by Ipsen. Results: Of 2421 citations identified, 32 articles were included (6 with results from randomized studies, 24 with results from non-randomized phase I or II studies, and 2 with results from both). The most commonly studied tumor types were metastatic urothelial carcinoma/genitourinary tumors and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Findings from randomized studies suggested that cabozantinib combined with other therapies may lead to better progression-free survival than some current standards of care in renal cell carcinoma, CRPC, and non-small-cell lung cancer. The most common adverse events were hypertension, diarrhea, and fatigue. Conclusion: This review demonstrates the promising efficacy outcomes of cabozantinib combined with other therapies, and a safety profile similar to cabozantinib alone. However, the findings are limited by the fact that most of the identified studies were reported as congress abstracts only. More evidence from randomized trials is needed to explore cabozantinib as a combination therapy further.
Change in individual chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test item scores after short-term bronchodilator therapy and its impact on exacerbation in treatment-naïve patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kim Bo-Guen , Shin Sun Hye , Gil Hyun-Il , Zo Sungmin , Im Yunjoo , Song Ju Yeun , Lee Chai Young , Kang Danbee , Cho Juhee , Park Hye Yun 
Published: July 2022

Background: The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment test (CAT) measures the health status of patients with COPD. We aimed to investigate the change in individual CAT scores after short-term bronchodilator therapy among treatment-naïve patients with COPD. Methods: Data from 148 patients newly diagnosed with COPD between January 2016 and April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared the CAT score, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea grade, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) before and after short-term (6 ± 2 months) bronchodilator therapy. We analyzed the change trends using generalized estimating equations. Results: The mean patient age was 70.9 years, and 92.6% were male. The total CAT score did not significantly improve. However, among the CAT items, phlegm [adjusted difference: –0.22 (–0.48, –0.002)], chest tightness [–0.30 (–0.56, –0.05)], and breathlessness [–0.45 (–0.66, –0.23)] scores significantly improved after bronchodilator therapy. The patients were divided into two groups: CAT score improved ( n = 69) and not improved group ( n = 79). The development of moderate-to-severe exacerbations during follow-up was significantly lower (2.9% versus 17.7%, p = 0.004) in the CAT score improved group. Conclusion: The improvement in CAT items indicating respiratory symptoms was more evident than the CAT total score after short-term bronchodilator therapy. Despite the significant increase in FEV1 after bronchodilator therapy, fewer than half of the patients achieved meaningful improvement in CAT, and this group showed significantly lower development of exacerbation during follow-up.