bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Resistance Training Versus Plyometric Training for Improving Running Economy and Running Time Trial Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Eihara Yuuri , Takao Kenji , Sugiyama Takashi , Maeo Sumiaki , Terada Masafumi , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Isaka Tadao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
As an adjunct to running training, heavy resistance and plyometric training have recently drawn attention as potential training modalities that improve running economy and running time trial performance. However, the comparative effectiveness is unknown. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine if there are different effects of heavy resistance training versus plyometric training as an adjunct to running training on running economy and running time trial performance in long-distance runners.

Methods
Electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus were searched. Twenty-two studies completely satisfied the selection criteria. Data on running economy and running time trial performance were extracted for the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed with selected potential moderators.

Results
The pooled effect size for running economy in heavy resistance training was greater (g = − 0.32 [95% confidence intervals [CIs] − 0.55 to − 0.10]: effect size = small) than that in plyometric training (g = -0.13 [95% CIs − 0.47 to 0.21]: trivial). The effect on running time trial performance was also larger in heavy resistance training (g = − 0.24 [95% CIs − 1.04 to − 0.55]: small) than that in plyometric training (g = − 0.17 [95% CIs − 0.27 to − 0.06]: trivial). Heavy resistance training with nearly maximal loads (≥ 90% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM], g = − 0.31 [95% CIs − 0.61 to − 0.02]: small) provided greater effects than those with lower loads (< 90% 1RM, g = − 0.17 [95% CIs − 1.05 to 0.70]: trivial). Greater effects were evident when training was performed for a longer period in both heavy resistance (10–14 weeks, g = − 0.45 [95% CIs − 0.83 to − 0.08]: small vs. 6–8 weeks, g = − 0.21 [95% CIs − 0.56 to 0.15]: small) and plyometric training (8–10 weeks, g = 0.26 [95% CIs − 0.67 to 0.15]: small vs. 4–6 weeks, g = − 0.06 [95% CIs 0.67 to 0.55]: trivial).

Conclusions
Heavy resistance training, especially with nearly maximal loads, may be superior to plyometric training in improving running economy and running time trial performance. In addition, running economy appears to be improved better when training is performed for a longer period in both heavy resistance and plyometric training.
Experiences of caregivers of community-dwelling older persons with moderate to advanced dementia in adapting the Namaste Care program: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Yous Marie-Lee , Ploeg Jenny , Kaasalainen Sharon , McAiney Carrie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally many older persons with dementia are living at home to maintain independence within the community. As older persons with dementia transition from early to moderate or advanced stages of dementia they require more support from family members and friends to complete their daily activities. Family and friend caregivers, however, often report a lack of preparation for their caregiving role. There are few psychosocial programs that can be delivered by caregivers of community-dwelling older persons with moderate to advanced dementia. Namaste Care is a psychosocial intervention, predominantly used in long-term care, to improve the quality of life of persons with advanced dementia. Namaste Care provides multisensory stimulation for persons with dementia through meaningful activities such as music, massage, aromatherapy, and nutrition. There have been limited attempts at adapting Namaste Care for use by caregivers in the community.There is a need to involve caregivers in adapting programs and understanding their experiences in research involvement so that strategies can be put in place for a positive experience. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of caregivers who participated in workshop sessions to adapt Namaste Care for community-dwelling older persons with moderate to advanced dementia.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive design was used. Six caregivers residing in Ontario, Canada attended virtual workshop sessions (i.e., by phone or videoconference) that were guided by the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR) Patient Engagement Framework. Caregivers completed individual post-workshop interviews. Experiential thematic analysis was used to analyze interviews and post-interview researcher notes.

Results
Key findings were that caregivers had a positive experience in adapting Namaste Care by learning how to improve their caregiving skills and being supported to engage in research through multiple facilitators such as flexible scheduling and an inclusive and respectful environment. Having designated time for discussions between caregivers was perceived as important to forming partnerships within the group to support co-creation of knowledge.

Conclusion
Findings support the need to improve caregiver research engagement processes by ensuring that caregivers can benefit through learning opportunities and discussions and empowering caregivers to value their contributions in adapting interventions.
Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin-A in writer’s cramp: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Authors: Patil Anant , Shaikh Summaiya Zareen , Karajgi Asmita , Ali Mohammed Usman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT) reduce over-firing of dystonic muscles, spasmodic contractions by enhancing function. We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-regression to investigate the efficacy and safety of BoNT in writer’s cramp (WC). Published electronic articles from inception till January 2022 were screened from four databases (Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest). Effect sizes in the form of standardized mean differences were calculated for estimation of efficacy.

Results
Nineteen studies [six randomized control trials (RCTs) and 13 observational studies] involved 587 (514 experimental; 73 Controls) participants with mean age of 43.46 ± 8.84 years with mean duration of WC of 8.31 ± 5.35 years. Injection did not result in significant improvement in writing speed [standard mean difference (95% CI) 0.06 (− 0.35, 0.46)]. There was no significant difference in writing speed as compared to controls [standard mean difference (95% CI) − 0.51 (− 2.55, 1.52)]. The meta-analysis of observational studies showed a significant difference in the mean WC rating score [standard mean difference (95% CI) 0.54 (0.20, 0.88)]. Pooled analysis (observational studies and RCTs) demonstrated a significant difference in the mean Writer’s cramp rating score (WCRS) after BoNT [standard mean difference (95% CI) 0.75 (0.06, 1.44)]. No major safety concerns were reported in the included studies.

Conclusions
According to the meta-analysis of observational studies, BoNT injections are effective in WC for improving WCRS without major safety concerns. However, according to the meta-analysis of RCTs, there was no significant effect in efficacy with BoNT.
Research-based findings on scope of liposome-based cosmeceuticals: an updated review
Authors: Shaw Tapan Kumar , Paul Paramita , Chatterjee Bappaditya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with biologically active components that have drug-like benefits. Cosmeceuticals are currently rapidly growing segments encompassing the personal care industry and numerous topical cosmetics-based therapies for treating different skin conditions. The barrier nature of skin causes limitations to topical treatment. The effectiveness of this cosmeceutical product has been enhanced a few folds by using nanotechnological modifications.

Main body
PubMed electronic searches for the literature were performed using combinations of the following terms: “cosmeceutical,” “liposome-based cosmeceuticals,” “acne and liposome,” “photo-aging and liposome,” “hyperpigmentation and liposome,” “wrinkles and liposome,” “fungal infections and liposome,” and “hair damage and liposome” from the earliest publication date available to January 5, 2022. Among the various nanotechnological approaches, liposomes offer numerous advantages such as topical cosmeceutical products, starting from improved moisturization, biodegradability, biocompatibility, enhanced permeation and retention, improved bioavailability of the active ingredients, increased esthetic appeal of cosmeceutical products, slow and extended dermal release. This review outlines various liposome-based cosmeceutical products that has been investigated to treat skin disorders such as photoaging, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, hair damage and fungal infections.

Conclusion
Liposome-based cosmeceuticals provide a better opportunity to deliver therapeutic moiety for various skin conditions and offer potential promise for future clinical applications.

Graphical Abstract
Piston bowl shape and biodiesel fuel effects on combustion and emission of diesel engines
Authors: Abdelrazek Mohamed Khaled , Abdelaal Mohsen Mohamed , El-Nahas Ahmed Mustafa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of piston bowl shape and biodiesel fuel on combustion and emissions of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. Three configurations of piston bowl geometry are modeled: hemispherical, toroidal, and rectangular. Biodiesel fuel derived from soybean oil is being considered. An experimental work was conducted on a diesel engine with a hemispherical piston bowl, and a better validity was attained. The study showed that, diesel engine with toroidal piston bowl delivered the largest power than other shapes, where turbulent regions are formed inside the toroidal piston bowl with higher intensity, which resulted in better combustion characteristics and lower emission concentrations. It is observed from the combustion of biodiesel fuel that, the rapid combustion stage began earlier than conventional diesel fuel by about 5o CA, heat release rate (HRR) decreased by 18.88%, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), and unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) reduced but nitric oxide (NO) emission increased by about 17.78% at 55o CA, as compared to diesel fuel. During the injection process, the jet core of biodiesel fuel appeared thicker and longer than conventional diesel fuel. For optimization, preheating with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) of biodiesel fuel contributes to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and improve the atomization rate.
Multigene Panel Testing Yields High Rates of Clinically Actionable Variants Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Coughlin Sarah E. , Heald Brandie , Clark Dana Farengo , Nielsen Sarah M. , Hatchell Kathryn E. , Esplin Edward D. , Katona Bryson W. 
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE Whether germline multigene panel testing (MGPT) should be performed in all individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to determine the yield and potential clinical impact of MGPT across a large, diverse CRC cohort. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of adults with CRC who underwent MGPT of > 10 genes at a commercial laboratory between March 2015 and May 2021. All data were prospectively collected through a single commercial laboratory and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS A total of 34,244 individuals with a history of CRC underwent germline MPGT and were included in the analysis. This cohort was predominantly female (60.7%), White (70.6%), and age 50 years or older (68.9%), with 35.5% also reporting a noncolorectal malignancy. At least one pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variant (PGV) was found in 4,864 (14.2%), with 3,111 (9.1%) having a PGV associated with increased CRC/polyposis risk and 1,048 (3.1%) having an otherwise clinically actionable PGV. Larger gene panels were not clearly associated with higher yield of clinically actionable PGVs. PGVs were more prevalent in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent ( P < .001) and Hispanic ethnicity ( P < .001). Across all ages, panel sizes, and races/ethnicities, the rate of clinically actionable PGVs on MGPT was 7.9% or greater. A variant of uncertain significance was identified in 13,094 individuals (38.2%). Identification of a variant of uncertain significance associated with panel size ( P < .001) and was lower in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent ( P < .001), but higher in Black, Asian, and Hispanic individuals ( P < .001). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date examining MGPT in CRC, demonstrating high rates of clinically actionable variants detected across all age groups, panel sizes, and racial/ethnic groups. This work supports consideration of broadening germline genetic testing criteria for individuals with CRC.
Reproductive factors in relation to incidence of lung and colorectal cancers in a Norwegian women cohort: the HUNT Study
Authors: Denos Marion , Sun Yi-Qian , Brumpton Ben Michael , Langhammer Arnulf , Chen Yue , Mai Xiao-Mei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The roles of reproductive factors in the aetiology of lung and colorectal cancers, among the most common cancers in women, are unclear.

Methods
We followed up 33,314 cancer-free women who participated in the HUNT Study in Norway from 1995-1997 to 2018. A large panel of reproductive factors were self-reported at baseline. Incident lung and colorectal cancer cases were ascertained from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for important confounders.

Results
During a median follow-up of 22.2 years, 467 women developed lung cancer including 169 lung adenocarcinoma, 660 developed colon cancer and 211 had rectal cancer. Early menarche (≤12 years) was associated with an increased incidence of lung adenocarcinoma (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02–2.03). Women with one or no child had an increased colon cancer incidence (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.54). Hormone therapy appeared to be associated with a decreased incidence of rectal cancer (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.44–1.04). Results in the subgroup of post-menopausal women were similar or strengthened. Other reproductive factors were not related to the risk of lung, colon, and rectal cancers.

Conclusions
Certain reproductive factors might play a role in the aetiology of lung and colorectal cancers. Further investigations are warranted to study if they are causal associations.
Predictors of Mortality in COVID-19 patients: An observational study
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Arsalan , Kaleem Ullah Toori  , Raja Mobeen Ahmed  
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To identify the factors that affect outcome in COVID-19 patients in the Pakistani population.
Methods: A total of 225 patients of COVID-19 RT-PCR proven were included during November, 2020 to June, 2021 in this cross-sectional study. They were stratified into different disease severity categories as per WHO guidelines. The characteristics of survivors and non survivors were recorded and then compared to draw conclusions.
Results: Mean age was 59 years. Majority of the patients were male (68%) and the overall mortality rate was 30.1%. The non survivors were more likely to be female, had a greater number of comorbidities, had a higher respiratory rate and lower oxygen saturations at presentation and had a greater frequency of invasive mechanical ventilation. Non survivors had higher values of TLC, CRP, D-dimers and lower values of Hemoglobin and Platelets. The non survivors had higher incidence of ARDS, Septic shock and Multiorgan involvement. A higher CURB-65 score was observed in non survivors as compared to those who survived. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender, presence of and higher number of comorbid conditions and a higher CURB-65 score was linked with mortality.
Conclusion: Results are compatible with international studies; increasing age, number of comorbid conditions and high inflammatory markers are associated with increased mortality. Our study had an exception that female gender had higher mortality as compared to men.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6059
How to cite this: Qureshi MA, Toori KU, Ahmed RM. Predictors of Mortality in COVID-19 patients; an observational study. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6059
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Vaginal Reconstruction in Patients with vaginal agenesis: Options and Outcome: A single-center experience
Authors: Abrar Saida , Rizvi Raheela , Muhammad Zia-Ul-Islam  
Published: November 2022

Objectives: To assess the postoperative functional, anatomical outcome and complications of various surgical procedures of vaginoplasty performed for patients with vaginal agenesis at our institution.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 14 patients (age range 17-40 years), who underwent vaginoplasty at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan between January 2008 to December 2018. We aimed to assess the anatomical outcomes in terms of vaginal depth, axis and functional outcome as painless and satisfactory vaginal intercourse.
Results: The mean age and mean body mass index (BMI) of the cases were 26.8±8.1 years and 27.7143±4.6 respectively. All were phenotypically female, with only two cases of XY genotype. Two patients were married on presentation. On evaluation, four cases had Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, three had androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), one case had congenital adrenal hyperplasia and six cases did not fit into any diagnosis. Associated renal anomalies were diagnosed in 14.3% of cases. The performed procedures were; Singaporean flap vaginoplasty (in four patients), Lee’s, modified McIndoe and pull-through vaginoplasty (in three each patients), and Davydov vaginoplasty (in one patient). One patient was complicated by intraoperative bladder injury (p<0.63) and two cases by vaginal stenosis (p<0.43). The mean operative time was 120 minutes and the mean estimated blood loss was 200mls. Postoperatively, the vaginal length varied from 6-10 cm with a normal vaginal axis and satisfactory sexual activity.
Conclusions: Vaginal agenesis is associated with several sexual disorders and despite the various surgical options available, the best procedure in terms of fewer complications and best surgical outcome is yet to be determined.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6356
How to cite this: Abrar S, Mohsin R, Zia-Ul-Islam. Vaginal Reconstruction in Patients with vaginal agenesis: Options and Outcome: A single-center experience. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6356
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Falls and correlations among community-dwelling older adults: A Cross-sectional study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alamri Sultan , Ghamri Ranya , Alshehri Wejdan , Alhuthayli Reema , Alamoudi Nouf , Alnufaei Ragheed , Alkeridy Walid 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Falls are one of the major health issues faced by older adults, and they can result in physical harm, eventual loss of independence, and even death. Herein, we investigated the prevalence, alongside the main risk factors and resulting injuries, of falls among older adults.
Methods: We employed a descriptive cross-sectional approach. Data were collected between February and July 2021 from 403 older adults aged 60 years or above via an online self-reported questionnaire. Basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) were also recorded.
Results: The prevalence of falls among community-dwelling older adults was 47.4%. Among those who had experienced a fall, 36.2% incurred injuries, 25.3% had fractures, and 23.1% required walking aids. Age between 95-104 years, female sex, participants on anti-hypertensive medications, history of hip or knee replacement surgery, and presence of a caregiver, were significantly more likely to have had a previous history of falls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, having a previous history of stroke, osteoporosis, lower limb weakness, dizziness, using wheelchairs as walking aids, and living with the fear of stumbling or slipping were significantly associated with history of previous falls (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The prevalence of falls is high among community-dwelling older adults in Jeddah. Physicians should identify older adults with higher falling risk and provide them with appropriate interventions. Public health strategies could significantly reduce falls and fall-related injuries in older adults.
List of Abbreviations: KSA: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, BADLs: Basic activities of daily living, IADLs: Instrumental activities of daily living, SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, χ2: Chi-squared test.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6993
How to cite this: Alamri SH, Ghamri RA, Alshehri WH, Alhuthayli RS, Alamoudi NM, Alnufaei RD, et al. Falls and correlations among community-dwelling older adults: A Cross-sectional study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6993
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Circadian rhythm and heart disease - what is the link? A review
Authors: Brzezińska Agnieszka , Skorupa Aleksandra , Nowińska Aleksandra , Nowaczek Justyna 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and purpose: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death worldwide and causes 49% of mortality in Europe. This makes CVD is the most important reason for premature mortality and Disability Adjusted Life Years (“DALYS”) in that continent. It is associated with variables such as blood pressure, heart rate, circulating catecholamines, markers of blood coagulation and vascular endothelial function which are dependent on different times of the day. The epidemiological data indicate that the biggest number of CVD incidents occur during the early morning hours. In this work we try to discuss the circadian rhythm and its impact on variables which, according to data, are most crucial on CV incident rate.
Brief description of the state of knowledge: The cardiovascular disease and mortality risk is associated with variables such as morning blood pressure, fluctuations in metabolism rate or even in immunological response. These variables are dependent on the circadian rhythm. This article covers the most crucial components affected by the daily fluctuations considering the heart according to the literature from the last five years.
Conclusions: This review highlighted the link between circadian rhythm and cardiovascular disease with the purpose of focusing on the most important clinically aspects of that machinery from blood pressure to inflammation. Despite all of these exciting findings which could possibly have future implications in the field of cardiology, there is still a significant need to explore this complicated relationship between the biological clock and the heart.