bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving access to highly effective emergency contraception: an assessment of barriers and facilitators to integrating levonorgestrel IUD as emergency contraception using two applications of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Simmons Rebecca G. , Baayd Jami , Elliott Sarah , Cohen Susanna R. , Turok David K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Emergency contraception prevents unwanted pregnancy after sexual intercourse. New evidence has demonstrated that the 52 mg levonorgestrel IUD is a highly effective method of emergency contraception. However, translating this research finding into clinical practice faces existing barriers to IUD access, including costs and provider training, novel barriers of providing IUDs for emergency contraception at unscheduled appointments. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to utilization of the levonorgestrel IUD as emergency contraception from client, provider and health systems perspectives.Methods: We conducted focus groups of both contraceptive users and providers to examine how levonorgestrel IUD as EC was perceived and understood by these populations and to determine barriers and facilitators of utilization. We used findings from our focus groups to design a high-fidelity in-situ simulation scenario around EC that we pilot tested with clinical teams in three settings (a county health department, a community clinic, and a midwifery clinic). Simulation scenarios examined health systems barriers to provision of levonorgestrel IUD as EC. We coded both focus groups and in-clinic simulations using the modified Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. We then applied our findings to the CFIR-Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) Barrier Busting Tool and mapped results to implementation recommendations provided by participants. Results: Ultimately 9 constructs from the CFIR were consistently identified across focus groups and simulations. Main barriers included challenges with knowledge and acceptability of the intervention itself, appropriately addressing knowledge and education needs among both providers and contraceptive clients, and adequately accounting for structural barriers inherent in the health system. The CFIR-ERIC Barrier Busting Tool identified eight strategies to improve levonorgestrel IUD as EC access: identifying implementation champions, conducting educational meetings, preparing educational toolkits, involving patients and their partners in implementation, conducting a local needs assessment, distributing educational materials, and obtaining patient feedback. These solutions can be utilized to design implementation interventions to institute clinical practice changes in EC provision. Conclusions: To sustainably incorporate IUD as EC into clinical practice, education, health systems strengthening, and policy changes will be necessary.
Nondestructive classification of soft rot disease in napa cabbage using hyperspectral imaging analysis
Authors: Song Hyeyeon , Yoon So-Ra , Dang Yun-Mi , Yang Ji-Su , Hwang In Min , Ha Ji-Hyoung 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Identification of soft rot disease in napa cabbage, an essential ingredient of kimchi, is challenging at the industrial scale. Therefore, nondestructive imaging techniques are necessary. Here, we investigated the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) processing in the near-infrared region (900–1,700 nm) for classifying napa cabbage quality using nondestructive measurements. We determined the microbiological and physicochemical qualitative properties of napa cabbage for intercomparison of HSI information, extracted HSI characteristics from hyperspectral images to predict and classify freshness, and established a novel approach for classifying healthy and rotten napa cabbage. Golay’s derivative method for data preprocessing was implemented, followed by wavelength selection using variable importance in projection scores. For multivariate data of the classification models, partial least square discriminant analysis, support vector machine (SVM), and random forests were used for predicting cabbage conditions. The SVM model accurately distinguished the cabbage exhibiting soft rot disease symptoms from the healthy cabbage. This study presents the potential of HSI systems for separating soft rot disease-infected napa cabbages from healthy napa cabbages using the SVM model, especially under the most effective wavelengths (970, 980, 1,180, 1,070, 1,120, and 978 nm), prior to processing. These results are applicable to industrial multispectral images.
Machine Vision-based Cutting Process for LCD Glass Defect Detection System
Authors: Ho Chao-Ching , Wang Hao-Ping , Chiao Yuan-Cheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this research, the automatic optical detection system is developed for detecting the sectional profile and the surface of the TFT-LCD panel after being treated through the cutting process. When tested with the sectional profile photodetector, uniformed lighting effect is achieved by combining the concentrated light source of the inner coaxial lens with the line light source in order to test the surface coarseness related characteristics of the glass sectional profile so as to indicate the defect while intensifying the contrast effect of the sectional profile background. When detecting the sectional profile features, it is conducted by separating the rib mark features through the U-Net network model developed for the deep learning; in result, 100% accuracy can be achieved. When detecting the sectional profile defect, Auto Encoder network model of the deep learning is used to learn the background picture retrieved from the original picture through the linear regression process. As a next step, the model is used again to predict the result by subtracting the background picture from the original picture and then the defect position is highlighted; in result, 96% accuracy is achieved. When detecting the model acceleration, it is conducted by revising the model weighting data format. In terms of U-Net Model, the reading time has been shortened for 4.28 seconds; in individual picture, the prediction time has been shortened for 0.29 second; in Auto Encoder, the model reading time has been shortened for 19.23 seconds; and the individual picture prediction time has been shortened for 0.94 second. As for the surface detection, the circular polariscope is developed. During the detection, the photoelastic reflection theory is employed by projecting the circularly polarized light vertically onto the panel surface in order to produce the interfering halo at the deformed area surrounding the denting defect and the resulting features are referenced to identify the denting defect. By screening the mean luminance value of the sliding window and the discrete value, 90% detection accuracy can be achieved. In the meantime, it can also be used to pinpoint the denting defect that is over 3˚ in average angle change as seen on the normal line surrounding the defect.
Prediction of SYNTAX score Ⅱ improvement by temporal heart rate changes between discharge and fist preceding visit on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Chuang , Zhang Wanjing , Yang Yixing , Zhang Qian , Li Kuibao , Chen Mulei , Wang Lefeng , Xia Kun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies of the prognostic ability of the temporal changes in resting heart rate (ΔHR) regarding cardiovascular (CV) mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of ΔHR using models including the SYNTAX score Ⅱ (SxS-Ⅱ) on the long-term prognosis of patients with AMI. Methods: A total of 605 AMI subjects with vital signs recorded at the first outpatient visit (2–4 weeks after discharge) was retrospectively recruited into this study. The changes between discharge and outpatient resting heart rate (D-O ΔHR) were calculated by subtracting the HR at first post-discharge visit from the value recorded at discharge. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were cardiovascular death, recurrent myocardial infarction, revascularization, and nonfatal stroke. The predictive values and reclassification ability of the different models were assessed using a likelihood ratio test, Akaike’s information criteria (AIC), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results: During the follow-up period, the D-O ΔHR was independently associated with CV mortality [hazards ratio (HR) = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.958–0.985, P < 0.001] and MACE (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.011–1.039, p = 0.001). The likelihood test indicated that the combined model of SxS-Ⅱ and D-O ΔHR yielded the lowest AIC regarding MACE and CV death (P < 0.001). Moreover, D-O ΔHR alone significantly improved the net reclassification and integrated discrimination of the models containing SxS-Ⅱ regarding both CV mortality and MACE (CV mortality: NRI = 0.5600, P = 0.001 and IDI = 0.0759, P = 0.03; MACE: NRI = 0.2231, P < 0.05 and IDI = 0.0107, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The D-O ΔHR was an independent predictor of long-term CV mortality and MACE. The additive value of D-O ΔHR combined with SxS-Ⅱ could significantly enhance its predictive probability.
Development and validation of a prognostic model based on single-cell RNA-seq in Wilms Tumor of children
Authors: He Tian-Qu , Zhao Yao-Wang , Liu Yu , Tu Lei , Ning Feng , He Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the heterogeneity between different cell types in Wilms Tumor (WT) tissue of children, and identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of malignant tumor cells, thereby establishing a prognostic model. Methods: The single-cell sequencing data of pediatric WT tissues were downloaded from the public database. Data filtration and normalization, principal component analysis (PCA), and TSNE cluster analysis were performed using the Seurat package of R. Cells were divided into different clusters, malignant tumor cells were extracted, and DEGs were obtained. Then, the pseudo-time trajectory analysis was performed. Prognostic biomarkers were determined by univariate COX regression analysis, multivariate COX regression analysis, and LASSO regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed on the prognostic biomarkers. Combined with the prognostic biomarkers and clinical characteristics, a nomogram was generated to predict the WT prognosis of children. The prognostic power of the prognostic model was validated in the external datasets. Results: Cells in the WT tissue were divided into 10 clusters. 3 prognostic biomarkers that affected the survival time of patients were screened from 215 DEGs in malignant tumor cells, and a nomogram was constructed using the 3 genes and clinical characteristics. The AUC values of 3- and 5-year disease-free survival were 0.756 and 0.734, respectively. In the external validation dataset, the AUC value of this nomogram model was 0.826.Conclusion: Based on single-cell RNA-seq, we recognized cell clusters in the WT tissue of children, identified prognostic biomarkers in malignant tumor cells, and established a comprehensive prognostic model. Our findings might provide new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of WT
Electronic, Non-Linear Optical, Optoelectronic and Thermodynamic properties of undoped and doped bis (ethlenedithio) tetraselenafulvalene (BETS) (C10H8S4Se4)molecule: first study using ab-initio investigation
Authors: NTIECHE Zounedou , ABE MARTIN THIERRY OTTOU , MBALA Gaspard Freidy OLINGA , EJUH Geh Wilson , NDJAKA Jean Marie Bienvenu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have performed the ab-initio calculation of the undoped and doped molecules bis (ethlenedithio) tetraselenafulvalene (BETS). Carbone (C) atoms have been substituted by Boron (B) to investigate their effects on the electronic structure, nonlinear optical, optoelectronic and thermodynamic properties of BEST molecule. The RHF and hybrid density functional theories (wB97XD, B3PW91 and B3LYP) methods were applied, using the cc-pVDZ basis set. We found that the energy gap Egap of the doped molecules are respectively 2.476 eV and 2.569 eV for C8B2H8S4Se4 and C7B3H8S4Se4 with B3LYP/cc-pVDZ basis set, lower than one of the undoped molecule (3.316 eV). The significant increase values of polarizability (˂α˃) and first order hyperpolarizability (𝛽) of the doped compounds, especially in C8B2H8S4Se4 (<α> = 4.5315× 10−23 esu, β = 22672.27× 10−33 esu and <α> = 4.518× 10−23 esu, β = 23657.43× 10−33 esu respectively for B3LYP and B3PW91) compared to those of the undoped molecule (<α> = 4.3602× 10−23 esu, β = 1290.38× 10−33 esu and <α> = 4.518× 10−23 esu) show that the new molecules have a good nonlinear optical property. Results suggest that these molecules doped with boron are a potential candidate as semiconductors compounds and nonlinear optical materials.
Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Assessment of Perfusion Abnormalities in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Roldan Paola , Ravi Sriram , Hodovan James , Belcik R. Todd , Heitner Stephen B. , Masri Ahmad , Lindner Jonathan R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Perfusion defects during stress can occur in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from either structural or functional abnormalities of the coronary microcirculation. In this study, vasodilator stress myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was used to quantify and spatially characterize hyperemic myocardial blood flow (MBF) deficits in HCM.Methods: Regadenoson stress MCE was performed in patients with septal-variant HCM (n=17) and healthy control subjects (n=15). The presence and spatial distribution (transmural diffuse, patchy, subendocardial) of perfusion defects was determined by semiquantitative analysis. Kinetic analysis of time-intensity data was used to quantify MBF, microvascular flux rate (b), and microvascular blood volume. In patients undergoing septal myectomy (n=3), MCE was repeated >1 years after surgery.Results: In HCM subjects, perfusion defects during stress occurred in the septum in 80%, and in non-hypertrophied regions in 40%. The majority of septal defects (83%) were patchy or subendocardial, while 67% of non-hypertrophied defects were transmural and diffuse. On quantitative analysis, hyperemic MBF was approximately 50% lower (p<0.001) in the hypertrophied and non-hypertrophied regions of those with HCM compared to controls, largely based on an inability to augment b, although hypertrophic regions also had blood volume deficits. There was no correlation between hyperemic MBF and either percent fibrosis on magnetic resonance imaging or outflow gradient, yet those with higher degrees of fibrosis (≥5%) or severe gradients all had low septal MBF during regadenoson. Substantial improvement in hyperemic MBF was observed in two of the three subjects undergoing myectomy, both of whom had severe pre-surgical outflow gradients at rest.Conclusion: Perfusion defects on vasodilator MCE are common in HCM, particularly in those with extensive fibrosis, but have a different spatial pattern for the hypertrophied and non-hypertrophied segments, likely reflecting different contributions of functional and structural abnormalities. Improvement in hyperemic perfusion is possible in those undergoing septal myectomy to relieve obstruction.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02560467.
Diet of adult and immature imperial cormorants, Leucocarbo atriceps, from southern Patagonia. A combined dietary approach and an exploratory analysis of stable isotopes of pellet membrane
Authors: Morgenthaler Annick , Millones Ana , Gandini Patricia , Frere Esteban 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Age-related trophic segregation between breeding adults and immature individuals has been reported in seabirds. The use of combined conventional and Stable Isotope Analyses (SIA) to study the diet of seabirds has become very frequent. Unfortunately, information on the trophic ecology of immature seabirds remains scarce because the sampling of tissues to perform SIA is often very limited due to the difficulty to capture these birds. The koilin membrane, which covers the regurgitated pellet casts of many seabirds, could offer an interesting non-intrusive alternative tissue to perform SIA. In this two-year study of the diet of imperial cormorants in southern Patagonia, we 1) compare the diets of breeding and non-breeding birds through conventional pellet analysis; 2) describe the diet of breeding adults and chicks through a combined method of pellet analysis and whole blood SIA; and finally, 3) compare SIA values of breeding adults obtained from blood with those obtained from koilin membranes. We found that immature individuals incorporated abundant invertebrate taxons, compared with breeding adults which relied mainly on fish. Younger and inexperienced individuals, which are not under the constraint to feed chicks, are feeding on more predictable, but lower trophic and less energetic prey. By comparing the stable isotope values of koilin and blood in breeding adults, a correlated interannual difference between the two seasons was found. Under the light of our results, the koilin offers an encouraging alternative to blood in the study of trophic ecology, particularly for ages or stages in which capture is not possible.
Significant amounts of red wolf ancestry detected in a population of coyotes on Galveston Island, Texas
Authors: Barnes Tanner M. , Karlin Melissa , vonHoldt Bridgett M. , Adams Jennifer R. , Waits Lisette P. , Hinton Joseph W. , Henderson Josh , Brzeski Kristin E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundHybridization can be a conservation concern if genomic introgression leads to the loss of an endangered species’ unique genome, or when hybrid offspring are sterile or less fit than their parental species. Yet hybridization can also be an adaptive management tool if rare populations are inbred and have reduced genetic variation, and there is the opportunity to enhance genetic variation through hybridization. The red wolf (Canis rufus) is a critically endangered wolf endemic to the eastern United States, where all extant red wolves are descended from 14 founders which has led to elevated levels of inbreeding over time. Red wolves were considered extirpated from the wild by 1980, but before they disappeared, they interbred with encroaching coyotes creating a genetically admixed population of canids along coastal Texas and Louisiana. In 2018, a genetic study identified individuals on Galveston Island, Texas with significant amounts of red wolf ancestry. We collected 214 samples from Galveston for a more in-depth analysis of this population to identify the amount of red wolf ancestry present and potential mechanisms that support retention of red wolf ancestry on the landscape. ResultsWe identified 23 individual coyotes from Galveston Island and 8 from mainland Texas with greater than 10% red wolf ancestry. Two of those individuals from mainland Texas had greater than 50% red wolf ancestry estimates. Additionally, this population had 6 private alleles that were absent in the North America reference canid populations used in this study, which included 107 southeastern coyotes, 19 captive red wolves, and 38 gray wolves, possibly representing lost red wolf genetic variation. We also identified several individuals on Galveston Island and the mainland of Texas that retained a unique red wolf mitochondrial haplotype present in the red wolf founding population. On Galveston Island, we identified a minimum of four family groups and found coyotes on the island to be highly related, but not genetically depauperate. We did not find clear associations between red wolf ancestry estimates and landscape features, such as open green space or developed areas. ConclusionOur results confirm the presence of substantial red wolf ancestry persisting on Galveston Island and adjacent mainland Texas. This population has the potential to benefit future red wolf conservation efforts through novel reproductive techniques and possibly through de-introgression strategies, with the goals of recovering extinct red wolf genetic variation and reducing inbreeding within the species.
Sustained Inhibition of CC-chemokine Receptor-2 via intra-articular deposition of polymeric microPlates in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ozkan Huseyin , Francesco Martina Di , Willcockson Helen , Valdés-Fernández José , Francesco Valentina Di , Granero-Moltó Froilán , Prósper Felipe , Decuzzi Paolo , Longobardi Lara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Post traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is mostly treated via corticosteroids administration and total joint arthroplasty continues to be the sole effective intervention in severe conditions. To assess the therapeutic potential of CCR2 targeting in PTOA, we used biodegradable microPlates (µPL) to achieve a slow and sustained intra-articular release of the CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 into injured knees and followed joint damage during disease progression. RS504393-loaded µPL (RS-µPL) were fabricated via a template-replica molding technique. A mixture of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and RS504393 was deposited into 20´10 μm (length´height) wells realized in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) square-patterned template. After physicochemical and toxicological characterizations, the RS504393 release profile from µPL was assessed in PBS buffer. C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)/sham surgery and RS-µPL (1 mg/kg) were administered intra-articularly 1-week post-surgery. Administrations were repeated at 4- and 7-weeks post-DMM. Drug free-µPL (DF-µPL) and saline injections were performed as controls. Mice were euthanized at 4- and 10-weeks post-DMM (early and severe PTOA, respectively. Knees were evaluated for cartilage structure score (ACS, H&E), matrix loss (Safranin-O score), osteophyte formation and maturation from cartilage to bone, (cartilage quantification) and subchondral plate thickness. The RS-µPL architecture ensured the sustained release of CCR2 inhibitors over several weeks, with ~20% of RS504393 being still available at 21-days. This prolonged release improved cartilage structure, reduced bone damage and synovial hyperplasia at both PTOA stages. Extracellular matrix loss was also attenuated, although with less efficacy. Results indicate that local delivery is needed to optimize CCR2-targeting therapies.
An Overview of the Tropical Cyclone Database at the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan
Authors: Jian Guo-Ji , Teng Jen-Hsin , Wang Shih-Ting , Cheng Ming-Dean , Cheng Chia-Ping , Chen Jen-Her , Chu Yen-Ju 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau (CWB) has established a new version of tropical cyclone (TC) database to provide users with comprehensive TC data services. As of May 2022, the database includes 1,672 TCs originating in the western North Pacific and South China Sea regions since the CWB began TC forecasting operations in 1958. It collects not only the track dataset, satellite imagery, and synoptic weather charts, but also more detailed data and products of TCs that have impacted Taiwan, such as radar reflectivity imagery, high-density surface observations, dropwindsonde data from aircraft observations, and mesoscale analysis maps of rainfall, wind, pressure, and temperature. Such detailed data realistically preserves the TC’s journey across Taiwan and is a feature of the CWB TC database. In addition, the TC database website (https://rdc28.cwb.gov.tw/TDB/) provides tools that allow users to search for TCs of interest based on track, rainfall, and wind. Also included are technical reports summarizing extensive historical observational research focusing on the mesoscale variations during a TC’s passage over Taiwan. The TC database is widely used in academic research, disaster prevention, crop revenue insurance, offshore wind power, and other fields. It will continue to develop useful products and integrate more diverse observations to meet the needs of different users.