bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure‐based estimation of right ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Heerdt Paul M. , Singh Inderjit , Elassal Ahmed , Kheyfets Vitaly , Richter Manuel J. , Tello Khodr 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsA method for estimating right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) from RV pressure waveforms was recently validated in an experimental model. Currently, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the clinical reference standard for measurement of RVEF in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the pressure‐based method can detect clinically significant reductions in RVEF as determined by cardiac MRI in patients with PAH.Methods and resultsRVEF estimates derived from analysis of RV pressure waveforms recorded during right heart catheterization (RHC) in 25 patients were compared with cardiac MRI measurements of RVEF obtained within 24 h. Three investigators blinded to cardiac MRI results independently performed pressure‐based RVEF estimation with the mean of their results used for comparison. Linear regression was used to assess correlation, and a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was derived to define ability of the pressure‐based method to detect a maladaptive RV response, defined as RVEF <35% on cardiac MRI. In 23 patients, an automated adaptation of the pressure‐based RVEF method was also applied as proof of concept for beat‐to‐beat RVEF monitoring. The study cohort was comprised of 16 female and 9 male PAH patients with an average age of 53 ± 13 years. RVEF measured by cardiac MRI ranged from 16% to 57% (mean 37.7 ± 11.6%), and estimated RVEF from 15% to 54% (mean 36.2 ± 11.2%; P = 0.6). Measured and estimated RVEF were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.78; P < 0.0001). ROC curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.94 ± 0.04 with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 85% for predicting a maladaptive RV response. As a secondary outcome, with the recognized limitation of non‐coincident measures, Bland–Altman analysis was performed and indicated minimal bias for estimated RVEF (−1.5%) with limits of agreement of ± 10.9%. Adaptation of the pressure‐based estimation method to provide beat‐to‐beat RVEF also demonstrated significant correlation between the median beat‐to‐beat value over 10 s with cardiac MRI (r2 = 0.66; P < 0.001), and an area under the ROC curve of 0.94 ± 0.04 (CI = 0.86 to 1.00) with sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 86%, respectively, for predicting a maladaptive RV response.ConclusionsPressure‐based estimation of RVEF correlates with cardiac MRI and detects clinically significant reductions in RVEF. Study results support potential utility of pressure‐based RVEF estimation for assessing the response to diagnostic or therapeutic interventions during RHC.
‘My dad was like “it's your brain, what are you doing?”’: Participant experiences of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in severe enduring anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dalton Bethan , Austin Amelia , Ching Brian C. F. , Potterton Rachel , McClelland Jessica , Bartholdy Savani , Kekic Maria , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising emerging treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN). However, to date, patients' views and experiences of this treatment have not been fully explored. To assess these, we integrated a qualitative study into a feasibility randomised controlled trial of rTMS in individuals with severe enduring AN.MethodTwenty‐nine (of 34) trial participants contributed to this study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted 3‐months following the completion of rTMS treatment (4‐months post‐randomisation), prior to unblinding. Transcripts were analysed using content analysis.ResultsrTMS was deemed an acceptable but time‐consuming treatment. Many emphasised how their lives had changed to some extent during, but mainly after treatment by making them more positive, open‐minded, flexible and willing to try new things in relation to their AN and other aspects of their lives.ConclusionsThese qualitative data will be valuable in shaping participant information, recruitment and planning of future large‐scale trials of rTMS in AN.Trial RegistrationISRCTN14329415, registered 23rd July 2015, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14329415
A positive preserving gas‐kinetic scheme for relativistic Vlasov‐Bhatnagar‐Gross‐Krook‐Maxwell model
Authors: Wang Yi , Ni Guoxi , Zhang Jiexing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA positive preserving scheme is proposed for Vlasov‐Bhatnagar‐Gross‐Krook (BGK)‐Maxwell model to simulate the laser‐plasma‐interaction with relativistic effect. The Strang‐splitting method is adopted and the Vlasov‐BGK equation is divided into two parts, the kinetic part and acceleration part. Asymptotic gas‐kinetic scheme is designed for the kinetic part and the solver for direction is analytically accurate along the characteristic. Maxwell equations are solved by characteristic line method. The scheme is proved positive preserving. Stimulated Raman Scattering and Relativistic Modulational Instability are used to verify the validity of scheme.
HIV, risk, and time preferences: Evidence from a general population sample in Lesotho
Authors: Björkman Nyqvist Martina , Corno Lucia , de Walque Damien , Svensson Jakob 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentifying individuals most at risk of HIV infection is a priority for policymakers. Apart from specific groups, however, little is known about how to identify those at high risk in the population. Research suggests that attitudes toward risk and time preferences may influence risky sexual behavior, but no studies have so far investigated the interplay between risk attitudes, time preference, and HIV infection. We collect data on risk and time preferences using hypothetical games (multiple price list method) at baseline and data on HIV status at baseline (2010) and endline (2012) allowing us to calculate incidence rate over a 2‐year period among 675 participants, males and females 18–32 years old in Lesotho. We find robust evidence of a statistically significant positive associations between HIV incidence and prevalence and risk‐loving attitudes, while the associations with risky behaviors and time preferences are not statistically significant. A measure of attitude toward risk, relatively easy to administer to individuals in a survey, is thus associated with future HIV status. This is an important finding for policymakers and suggests the importance of targeting HIV prevention programs to risk‐loving individuals and therefore improving program efficiency.
Management of postradiation late hemorrhage following treatment for HPV‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Stevens Madelyn N. , Gallant Jean‐Nicolas , Feldman Michael J. , Sermarini Anthony J. , Cmelak Anthony , Murphy Barbara , Langerman Alexander , Kim Young , Rohde Sarah L. , Mannion Kyle , Sinard Robert J. , Netterville James L. , Chitale Rohan , Topf Michael C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute oropharyngeal hemorrhage is a serious complication for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), particularly in patients with a history of radiation therapy (RT).MethodsRetrospective case series from at a tertiary care center for treated patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC presenting with oropharyngeal hemorrhage.ResultsMedian time from completion of chemoradiation to first hemorrhagic event was 186 days (range 66–1466 days). Seven patients (58%) required intervention to secure their airway. All patients were evaluated for endovascular intervention, six (50%) were embolized. Eight patients (67%) had a second hemorrhagic event; median time to second bleed was 22 days (range 3–90 days).ConclusionsAcute oropharyngeal hemorrhage is a sequelae following treatment for HPV‐positive OPSCC. The majority of bleeds occurred within a year of completion of treatment. While more research is needed to determine optimal treatment paradigms, endovascular intervention should be considered, even if noninvasive imaging does not demonstrate active bleeding.
Multiscaled causality of infections on viral testing volumes: The case of COVID‐19 in Tunisia
Authors: Saâdaoui Foued , Rabbouch Hana , Saadaoui Hayet , Dutheil Frédéric 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is one of the most detrimental pandemics that affected the humanity throughout the ages. The irregular historical progression of the virus over the first year of the pandemic was accompanied with far‐reaching health and social damages. To prepare logistically against this worsening disaster, many public authorities around the world had set up screening and forecasting studies. This article aims to analyse the time‐frequency co‐evolution of the number of confirmed cases (NCC) in Tunisia and the related number of performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests over the COVID‐19 first year. Accurately predicting such a relationship allows Tunisian authorities to set up an effective health prevention plan.Study DesignIn order to keep pace with the speed of evolution of the virus, we used uninterrupted daily time series from the Tunisian Ministry of Public Health (TMPH) recorded over the COVID‐19 first year. The objective is to: (1) analyse the time‐frequency progress of the NCC in relationship with the number of PCR tests, (2) identify a multi‐scale two‐factor stochastic model in order to develop a robust bivariate forecasting technique.MethodsWe assume a bivariate stochastic process which is projected onto a set of wavelet sub‐spaces to investigate the scale‐by‐scale co‐evolvement the NCC/PCR over the COVID‐19 first year. A wavelet‐based multiresolutional causality test is then performed.ResultsThe main results recommend the rejection of the null hypothesis of no instantaneous causality in both directions, while the statistics of the Granger test suggest failing to reject the null hypothesis of non‐causality. However, by proceeding scale‐by‐scale, the Granger causality is proven significant in both directions over varying frequency bands.ConclusionsIt is important to include the NCC and PCR variables in any time series model intended to predict one of these variables. Such a bivariate and multi‐scale model is supposed to better predict the needs of the public health sector in screening tests. On this basis, testing campaigns with multiple periodicities can be planned by the Tunisian authorities.
Knowledge of pregnancy complications and utilization of antenatal care services in Rwanda
Authors: Kpienbaareh Daniel , Kofinti Raymond Elikplim , Konkor Irenius , Amoak Daniel , Kansanga Moses Mosonsieyiri , Luginaah Isaac 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile Rwanda's progress towards achieving the maternal health care targets of the Sustainable Development Goals is impressive, evidence of women’s limited utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services in the context of an improved health care system provides an opportunity for exploring other essential but less highlighted factors that may shape ANC service utilization. In this study, we examined the association between women’s knowledge of pregnancy complications and the utilization of maternal health services.MethodsWe employed logistic regression analysis using the 2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey data. Our analytical sample consisted of women (n = 5883) in their reproductive ages (15–49 years). Three maternal health care indicators, namely, timing of first ANC visit, number of ANC visits, and place of delivery, were explored. We controlled for the effects of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, including marital status, place of residence and age.ResultsThe results show that women with no knowledge of pregnancy complications were less likely to utilize ANC services within the first trimester (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, p < 0.01), achieve the WHO recommended minimum of eight visits (OR = 0.66, p < 0.01), and deliver at a health facility (OR = 0.77, p < 0.10).ConclusionGiven these findings, we recommend restructuring existing maternal health care programs to include rigorous maternal health education.
Evapotranspiration across the rain–snow transition in a semi‐arid watershed
Authors: Kraft Maggi , McNamara James P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe snowpack regime influences the timing of soil water available for transpiration and synchrony with the evapotranspiration (ET) energy demand (air temperature, VPD, and shortwave radiation). Variability of snowmelt timing, soil water availability, and the energy demand results in heterogeneous ET rates throughout a watershed. In this study, we assessed how ET and growing season length vary across five sites on an elevational gradient in the Dry Creek Watershed, ID, USA. We compared trends of daily and annual ET between 2012 and 2017 to environmental parameters of soil moisture, air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, snow cover, and precipitation. Trends between parameters and ET were evaluated at each site and compared between sites. We observed three trends in ET across the watershed. The first trend is at the low elevation site where the snow cover is not continuous throughout the winter and rain is the dominant precipitation form. The first day of the growing season and ET occurs early in the season when the energy demand is low and soil water is available. Annual ET at the low elevation site is a balance between spring precipitation providing soil water into the summer season and limiting the ET energy demand. The second trend occurs at the middle elevation site located in the rain–snow transition. At this site, ET increases with snow depth and spring precipitation extending the soil water availability into the summer season. At the higher elevation sites, ET is aligned with the energy demand and limited by growing season length. At the high elevation sites, decreasing snow depth and spring precipitation and increasing spring air temperatures result in greater annual ET rates. The observations from this study highlight the influence of environmental parameters and the potential sensitivity of ET to climate change.
Automatic detection of keratoconus on Pentacam images using feature selection based on deep learning
Authors: Fırat Murat , Çankaya Cem , Çınar Ahmet , Tuncer Taner 
Published: February 2022

AbstractToday, corneal refraction, height, and thickness data, which are required in the diagnosis of keratoconus, can be obtained with corneal tomography devices. Pentacam four map display presenting this data is one of the most basic options in the diagnosis of keratoconus. In this article, an artificial intelligence‐based method using Pentacam images is proposed to distinguish keratoconus from healthy eyes. Axial/sagittal curvature, back elevation, front elevation, and corneal thickness map images of a total of 341 keratoconus and 341 healthy corneas obtained from İnönü University ophthalmology clinic as the data set were given as input to AlexNet, one of the deep learning models, and the feature vectors of each image were obtained and combined. The most effective features in the determination of keratoconus were determined by applying ReliefF, minimum‐redundancy‐maximum‐relevance (mRMR) and Laplacian algorithms, which are widely used in feature extraction algorithms, to the obtained feature vector. These features are classified using the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, which has high performance in binary classification. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of keratoconus detection with the proposed method were found to be 98.53%, 99.01%, and 98.06%, respectively. The developed model can support the clinician to evaluate the features of the cornea and to detect keratoconus, which is difficult through subjective assessments, especially in the subclinical and early stages of the disease.
Challenges, interface engineering, and processing strategies toward practical sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium batteries
Authors: Liang Yuhao , Liu Hong , Wang Guoxu , Wang Chao , Ni Yu , Nan Ce‐Wen , Fan Li‐Zhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries have emerged as a priority candidate for the next generation of safe and energy‐dense energy storage devices surpassing state‐of‐art lithium‐ion batteries. Among multitudinous solid‐state batteries based on solid electrolytes (SEs), sulfide SEs have attracted burgeoning scrutiny due to their superior ionic conductivity and outstanding formability. However, from the perspective of their practical applications concerning cell integration and production, it is still extremely challenging to constructing compatible electrolyte/electrode interfaces and developing available scale processing technologies. This review presents a critical overview of the current underlying understanding of interfacial issues and analyzes the main processing challenges faced by sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries from the aspects of cost‐effective and energy‐dense design. Besides, the corresponding approaches involving interface engineering and processing protocols for addressing these issues and challenges are summarized. Fundamental and engineering perspectives on future development avenues toward practical application of high energy, safety, and long‐life sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries are ultimately provided.image
Assessment of climate change effects on the blue and green water consumption of winter wheat in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai farming region
Authors: Wang Kaicheng , Jia Hao , Lu Jie , Zhao Jiongchao , Shi Xiaoyu , Gao Zhenzhen , Chu Qingquan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate change effects on consumptive water use (CWU) and its blue and green water components of winter wheat during 1980–2015 were analysed, using data sets from 145 meteorological stations in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai (HHH) farming region. The results showed that 61% of CWU came from blue water consumption (CWUb), and 39% from green water consumption (CWUg). The proportion of CWUb was distinguished significantly among sub‐regions, with the highest of 73% in sub‐region 2.3, and the lowest of 47% in sub‐region 2.5. From the 1980s to 2010s, CWU, CWUb and CWUg decreased by about 5%. Meanwhile, precipitation and temperature in most regions increased, while other meteorological indicators were lower. As a result, the temporal and spatial distribution of CWU and its components has changed in the whole area and seven sub‐regions over the decades, leading to a shift of their centroids. Path analysis indicated that the decrease in solar radiation and wind speed resulted in the reduction of CWU of winter wheat. Precipitation and relative humidity were the main factors for CWUb variation, and precipitation for CWUg variation. This study provides valuable information for optimal irrigation strategy and sustainable water management adapted to future climate change for winter wheat production in the HHH farming region.
Rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic bacteria at the single‐cell level using laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy and deep learning
Authors: Zhou Bo , Sun Liying , Fang Teng , Li Haixia , Zhang Ru , Ye Anpei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report a new method for the rapid identification of pathogenic bacterial species at the single‐cell level that combines laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) with deep learning (DL). LTRS can accurately measure single‐cell Raman spectra (scRS) without destroying and labeling cells. Based on the scRS data, DL rapidly and accurately identifies pathogenic bacteria. We measured scRS of 15 species bacteria using homemade LTRS. For each species, approximately, 160 cells from three different patients were measured, one patient's data were used as test set, and the rest after being augmented was used as training set. A residual network (ResNet) model, trained on the augmented training set, achieved an accuracy of 94.53% on the test set. Moreover, we applied gradient‐weighted class activation mapping to visualize the proposed model. Finally, we demonstrated the advantages of ResNet over traditional machine‐learning algorithms.
Human colorectal cancer tissue assessment using optical coherence tomography catheter and deep learning
Authors: Luo Hongbo , Li Shuying , Zeng Yifeng , Cheema Hassam , Otegbeye Ebunoluwa , Ahmed Safee , Chapman William C. , Mutch Matthew , Zhou Chao , Zhu Quing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) can differentiate normal colonic mucosa from neoplasia, potentially offering a new mechanism of endoscopic tissue assessment and biopsy targeting, with a high optical resolution and an imaging depth of ~1 mm. Recent advances in convolutional neural networks (CNN) have enabled application in ophthalmology, cardiology, and gastroenterology malignancy detection with high sensitivity and specificity. Here, we describe a miniaturized OCT catheter and a residual neural network (ResNet)‐based deep learning model manufactured and trained to perform automatic image processing and real‐time diagnosis of the OCT images. The OCT catheter has an outer diameter of 3.8 mm, a lateral resolution of ~7 μm, and an axial resolution of ~6 μm. A customized ResNet is utilized to classify OCT catheter colorectal images. An area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.975 is achieved to distinguish between normal and cancerous colorectal tissue images.
Evaluation of the Atellica COAG 360 coagulation analyzer in a specialized coagulation laboratory
Authors: Strandberg Karin , Augustsson Cecilia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of bleeding disorders includes correct analysis of coagulation factors VIII, IX, XI, XII, XIII, II, V, VII, and X and von Willebrand antigen and activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of the Atellica COAG 360 analyzer in a specialized coagulation laboratory with focus on specific coagulation parameters involved in the diagnosis of bleeding disorders.MethodsVerification included assessment of precision, reference interval, and method comparison according to local guidelines. For FVIII (Chromogenix) and FIX (Rossix), extended verifications were performed with additional assessment of linearity, detection limit, and comparability to BCS‐XP.ResultsThe precision was below 5% (normal levels) and below 10% (abnormal levels) and either improved or similar when compared to expected target values from a BCS‐XP. The locally established reference range agreed well (≥80% of measured values within manufacturer's assigned ranges) for most of the methods. The lower limit of quantification was calculated to below 0.01 IU/ml for FVIII chromogenic (Chromogenix) and FIX chromogenic (Rossix), both with acceptable linearity. Bland–Altman analyses revealed generally good agreement between Atellica COAG 360 and BCS‐XP in the determination of coagulation parameters, and differences between the two instruments did not result in any diagnostic change.ConclusionsThe results of the evaluation show that the Atellica COAG 360 analyzer performs as expected to target values and equivalent to BCS‐XP for the diagnosis of bleeding disorders in a specialized coagulation laboratory providing service to a hemophilia treatment center (HTC).