bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using near‐term forecasts and uncertainty partitioning to inform prediction of oligotrophic lake cyanobacterial density
Authors: Lofton Mary E. , Brentrup Jennifer A. , Beck Whitney S. , Zwart Jacob A. , Bhattacharya Ruchi , Brighenti Ludmila S. , Burnet Sarah H. , McCullough Ian M. , Steele Bethel G. , Carey Cayelan C. , Cottingham Kathryn L. , Dietze Michael C. , Ewing Holly A. , Weathers Kathleen C. , LaDeau Shannon L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNear‐term ecological forecasts provide resource managers advance notice of changes in ecosystem services, such as fisheries stocks, timber yields, or water quality. Importantly, ecological forecasts can identify where there is uncertainty in the forecasting system, which is necessary to improve forecast skill and guide interpretation of forecast results. Uncertainty partitioning identifies the relative contributions to total forecast variance introduced by different sources, including specification of the model structure, errors in driver data, and estimation of current states (initial conditions). Uncertainty partitioning could be particularly useful in improving forecasts of highly variable cyanobacterial densities, which are difficult to predict and present a persistent challenge for lake managers. As cyanobacteria can produce toxic and unsightly surface scums, advance warning when cyanobacterial densities are increasing could help managers mitigate water quality issues. Here, we fit 13 Bayesian state‐space models to evaluate different hypotheses about cyanobacterial densities in a low nutrient lake that experiences sporadic surface scums of the toxin‐producing cyanobacterium,Gloeotrichia echinulata. We used data from several summers of weekly cyanobacteria samples to identify dominant sources of uncertainty for near‐term (1‐ to 4‐week) forecasts ofG. echinulatadensities. Water temperature was an important predictor of cyanobacterial densities during model fitting and at the 4‐week forecast horizon. However, no physical covariates improved model performance over a simple model including the previous week's densities in 1‐week‐ahead forecasts. Even the best fit models exhibited large variance in forecasted cyanobacterial densities and did not capture rare peak occurrences, indicating that significant explanatory variables when fitting models to historical data are not always effective for forecasting. Uncertainty partitioning revealed that model process specification and initial conditions dominated forecast uncertainty. These findings indicate that long‐term studies of different cyanobacterial life stages and movement in the water column as well as measurements of drivers relevant to different life stages could improve model process representation of cyanobacteria abundance. In addition, improved observation protocols could better define initial conditions and reduce spatial misalignment of environmental data and cyanobacteria observations. Our results emphasize the importance of ecological forecasting principles and uncertainty partitioning to refine and understand predictive capacity across ecosystems.
Eyes on the herd: Quantifying ungulate density from satellite, unmanned aerial systems, andGPScollar data
Authors: Graves Tabitha A. , Yarnall Michael J. , Johnston Aaron N. , Preston Todd M. , Chong Geneva W. , Cole Eric K. , Janousek William M. , Cross Paul C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNovel approaches to quantifying density and distributions could help biologists adaptively manage wildlife populations, particularly if methods are accurate, consistent, cost‐effective, rapid, and sensitive to change. Such approaches may also improve research on interactions between density and processes of interest, such as disease transmission across multiple populations. We assess how satellite imagery, unmanned aerial system (UAS) imagery, and Global Positioning System (GPS) collar data vary in characterizing elk density, distribution, and count patterns across times with and without supplemental feeding at the National Elk Refuge (NER) in the US state of Wyoming. We also present the first comparison of satellite imagery data with traditional counts for ungulates in a temperate system. We further evaluate seven different aggregation metrics to identify the most consistent and sensitive metrics for comparing density and distribution across time and populations. All three data sources detected higher densities and aggregation locations of elk during supplemental feeding than non‐feeding at the NER. Kernel density estimates (KDEs), KDE polygon areas, and the first quantile of interelk distances detected differences with the highest sensitivity and were most highly correlated across data sources. Both UAS and satellite imagery provide snapshots of density and distribution patterns of most animals in the area at lower cost than GPS collars. While satellite‐based counts were lower than traditional counts, aggregation metrics matched those from UAS and GPS data sources when animals appeared in high contrast to the landscape, including brown elk against new snow in open areas. UAS counts of elk were similar to traditional ground‐based counts on feed grounds and are the best data source for assessing changes in small spatial extents. Satellite, UAS, or GPS data can provide appropriate data for assessing density and changes in density from adaptive management actions. For the NER, where high elk densities are beneath controlled airspace, GPS collar data will be most useful for evaluating how management actions, including changes in the dates of supplemental feeding, influence elk density and aggregation across large spatial extents. Using consistent and sensitive measures of density may improve research on the drivers and effects of density within and across a wide range of species.
Insights from shotgun metagenomics into bacterial species and metabolic pathways associated with NAFLD in obese youth
Authors: Testerman Todd , Li Zhongyao , Galuppo Brittany , Graf Joerg , Santoro Nicola 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease and is often the precursor for more serious liver conditions such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Although the gut microbiome has been implicated in the development of NAFLD, the strong association of obesity with NAFLD and its effect on microbiome structure has made interpreting study outcomes difficult. In the present study, we examined the taxonomic and functional differences between the microbiomes of youth with obesity and with and without NAFLD. Shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed to profile the microbiomes of 36 subjects, half of whom were diagnosed with NAFLD using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. Beta diversity analysis showed community‐wide differences between the groups (p = 0.002). Specific taxonomic differences included increased relative abundances of the species Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans (p = 0.042), Romboutsia ilealis (p = 0.046), and Actinomyces sp. ICM47 (p = 0.0009), and a decrease of Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (p = 0.0002), in the NAFLD group as compared with the non‐NAFLD group. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes (p < 0.0001) was decreased in the NAFLD group. Functionally, branched‐chain amino acid (p = 0.01343) and aromatic amino acid (p = 0.01343) synthesis pathways had increased relative abundances in the NAFLD group along with numerous energy use pathways, including pyruvate fermentation to acetate (p = 0.01318). Conclusion: Community‐wide differences were noted based on NAFLD status, and individual bacterial species along with specific metabolic pathways were identified as potential drivers of these differences. The results of the present study support the idea that the NAFLD phenotype displays a differentiated microbial and functional signature from the obesity phenotype.
Telomere maintenance mechanism dysregulation serves as an early predictor of adjuvant therapy response and a potential therapeutic target in human cancers
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Luo Shangyi , Jia Ying , Zhang Xue 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTelomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) rescue cells from telomere crisis, endow cells immortal property, stabilize genomic integrity. However, TMM‐associated molecular profiles and their clinical outcomes in cancer remain elusive. Here, we performed a pan‐cancer and integrated analysis of TMM gene expression profiles from 10 107 unique samples with clinicopathological, molecular and outcome features across seven malignancies from the same microarray platform (Affymetrix GPL570 platform). This resource was divided into case‐control datasets for obtaining dysregulated TMM genes and survival datasets for evaluating clinical outcomes. Multidimensional data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to elucidate associations between TMM dysregulation and survival, genomic instability. Our results demonstrated that TMMs had a consistent dysregulation spectrum across cancers, based on which we developed the TMM‐dysregulation signature TMS score (TMScore) that was positively associated with various tumor adverse features. Two opposite prognostic patterns of TMScore independent of clinicopathological and molecular characteristics were identified, which might be explained by genomic instability: breast and lung cancer patients with elevated TMScore had inferior outcomes, suggesting TMScore‐related genes as potential therapeutic targets, on the contrary, colon and stomach cancer patients had superior outcomes. Most important, the prognostic value of TMScore was still significant regardless of whether patients had received adjuvant therapy, which was valuable for discriminating nonresponders from responders, and could predict the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy. In summary, our resources delineate TMMs dysregulated landscape across cancers, shed light on the impact of TMMs dysregulation on patient outcomes and adjuvant therapy, and provide novel therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment.
Negative DAT‐SPECT in Old Onset Parkinson's Disease: An Additional Pitfall?
Authors: Palermo Giovanni , Giannoni Sara , Depalo Tommaso , Frosini Daniela , Volterrani Duccio , Siciliano Gabriele , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Ceravolo Roberto 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundScans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDDs) refer to patients clinically diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), but showing normal findings on dopamine transporter single‐photon emission computed tomography (DAT‐SPECT). This entity remains highly debated, but recent findings suggesting that DAT‐SPECT does not reflect either nigral cell bodies or striatal fibers of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons could improve our understanding of SWEDDs. Notably, compensatory downregulation of DAT in the early stages of PD seems to be less efficient in older‐onset than in young‐onset patients.CasesWe report eight patients with old‐onset clinical parkinsonism and a positive response to levodopa in which DAT‐SPECT was normal both visually and semiquantitatively. Two subjects demonstrated an abnormal scan when repeated later.ConclusionsWe suggest that old‐onset patients may truly have dopaminergic degeneration despite normal imaging results, presumably because they are diagnosed in the early stages confirming less efficient striatal compensatory strategies in old‐age onset PD.
A contribution to MRI safety testing related to gradient‐induced heating of medical devices
Authors: Arduino Alessandro , Bottauscio Oriano , Chiampi Mario , Zanovello Umberto , Zilberti Luca 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo theoretically investigate the feasibility of a novel procedure for testing the MRI gradient‐induced heating of medical devices and translating the results into clinical practice.MethodsThe concept of index of stress is introduced by decoupling the time waveform characteristics of the gradient field signals from the field spatial distribution within an MRI scanner. This index is also extended to consider the anisotropy of complex bulky metallic implants. Merits and drawbacks of the proposed index of stress are investigated through virtual experiments. In particular, the values of the index of stress evaluated for realistic orthopedic implants placed within an ASTM phantom are compared with accurate heating simulations performed with 2 anatomic body models (a man and a woman) implanted through a virtual surgery procedure.ResultsThe manipulation of the proposed index of stress allows to identify regions within the MRI bore where the implant could affect the safety of the examinations. Furthermore, the conducted analysis shows that the power dissipated into the implant by the induced eddy currents is a dosimetric quantity that estimates well the maximum temperature increase in the tissues surrounding the implant.ConclusionThe results support the adoption of an anisotropic index of stress to regulate the gradient‐induced heating of geometrically complex implants. They also pave the way for a laboratory characterization of the implants based on electrical measurements, rather than on thermal measurements. The next step will be to set up a standardized experimental procedure to evaluate the index of stress associated with an implant.
Genomic profiling identifies genes and pathways dysregulated by HEY1–NCOA2 fusion and shines a light on mesenchymal chondrosarcoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Qi Wenqing , Rosikiewicz Wojciech , Yin Zhaohong , Xu Beisi , Jiang Huihong , Wan Shibiao , Fan Yiping , Wu Gang , Wang Lu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare, high‐grade, primitive mesenchymal tumor. It accounts for around 2–10% of all chondrosarcomas and mainly affects adolescents and young adults. We previously described the HEY1–NCOA2 as a recurrent gene fusion in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, an important breakthrough for characterizing this disease; however, little study had been done to characterize the fusion protein functionally, in large part due to a lack of suitable models for evaluating the impact of HEY1–NCOA2 expression in the appropriate cellular context. We used iPSC‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC‐MSCs), which can differentiate into chondrocytes, and generated stable transduced iPSC‐MSCs with inducible expression of HEY1–NCOA2 fusion protein, wildtype HEY1 or wildtype NCOA2. We next comprehensively analyzed both the DNA binding properties and transcriptional impact of HEY1–NCOA2 expression by integrating genome‐wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) and expression profiling (RNA‐seq). We demonstrated that HEY1–NCOA2 fusion protein preferentially binds to promoter regions of canonical HEY1 targets, resulting in transactivation of HEY1 targets, and significantly enhances cell proliferation. Intriguingly, we identified that both PDGFB and PDGFRA were directly targeted and upregulated by HEY1‐NCOA2; and the fusion protein, but not wildtype HEY1 or NCOA2, dramatically increased the level of phospho‐AKT (Ser473). Our findings provide a rationale for exploring PDGF/PI3K/AKT inhibition in treating mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Excellent effect of lubrication performance of chitosan/polyethylene glycol/palygorskite as water‐based lubricating additive on 304 stainless steel and polymer pairs
Authors: Liu Tao , Lu Hailin , Li Chengzhi , Chen Lu , Feng Ziqin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, Palygorskite (Pal) nanorods, chitosan (CS), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are used to prepare new composite lubricants in order to improve the lubrication performance of water. The tribological experimental results showed that the composite lubricant composed with 1 wt% Pal, 10 wt% PEG and 2 wt% CS has excellent lubrication performance. The tribological data showed that the friction coefficient reached 0.021, and the composite lubricant lubrication performance was about 4 times higher than that of deionized water. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which revealed that the composite lubricant contained many oxygen‐containing functional groups, and there was no chemical reaction between these functional groups. Instead, a lubricating film that can reduce friction and wear was formed through the hydrogen bond effect between functional groups. In this paper, a general and simple preparation method of new composite lubricant was proposed, which can be wildly used in many fields such as water‐based lubrication.
Theoretical study on N‐oxide pentazolate high‐energy‐density materials: Toward excellent energetic performance and good stability
Authors: Lang Qing , Jiang Shuaijie , Xu Yuangang , Lu Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe limited energetic performance has been one of major factors restricting the development of pentazolate materials. In this study, the cyclo‐N5− ring was combined with nitroxide coordinate bonds to form a novel cyclo‐N5O− anion with higher oxygen contents. From the N‐oxide pentazolate anion, nine cyclo‐N5O− energetic salts (A1–A9) and three covalent compounds (B1–B3) were presented. Density functional theory (DFT) methods were employed to investigate the structures and energetic performance of all compounds. Based on the calculation results, the cyclo‐N5O− salts A1–A9 exhibit enhanced densities and higher detonation performance than cyclo‐N5− salts in the previous work. Compounds B1–B3 also feature high densities (1.84–1.94 g cm−3) and excellent heats of formation (1011.9–1057.6 kJ mol−1). Among all materials, compounds A1, A9, and B1 exhibit remarkable detonation performance (D: 10 138, 9911, 9950 m s−1; P: 43.9, 40.9, 41.4 GPa), which are much superior to CL‐20. All compounds feature good impact stabilities (h50: 11–55 cm). Such excellent energetic performance demonstrates that N‐oxide pentazolate derivatives are expected to be promising candidates as high‐energy‐density materials.
Socioeconomic reintegration of return migrants and the varieties of legal status trajectory in Europe
Authors: Beauchemin Cris , Vandenbunder Adrien , Mathon Cécillon Tanguy , Goussé‐Breton Zélia , Dieng Mourtada , Yahyaoui Myriam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThat migrants' legal status has impacts on their integration in receiving countries is a recognised fact. We further argue that it also affects their reintegration on returning to the home country, although with some significant variations depending on the details of their legal status history. Using data from the Senegalese TEMPER survey, we adopt a life course approach of migrant's status while they were in Europe to identify links between several indicators of reintegration and different patterns of irregular status (moment when they were in an irregular situation and the duration in this situation). The results of our multivariate analyses show that only those migrants whose irregular situations were the most extreme (deported, or irregular throughout their stay in Europe) are at a disadvantage compared to nonmigrants as well as other returnees. This shows that the initial disadvantage of out‐migrating from Africa without proper documentation does not turn systematically into a cumulative disadvantage.
Routinized performances of belonging: Everyday practices and relationships in rural and regional areas during the pandemic
Authors: Cook Julia , Cuervo Hernan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe concentration of COVID‐19 cases and restrictions in metropolitan areas in 2020 resulted in a re‐emergence of the concept of the ‘rural idyll’ in Australia, with rural and regional areas coming to be associated with a safe and uninterrupted way of life. Implicit in this notion is the assumption that those living in rural and regional areas found their routines and experiences of belonging uninterrupted. We critique this narrative by drawing on qualitative longitudinal data collected from 2006 to 2020, which allows us to examine our participants' experiences of belonging in rural and regional areas both before and during the pandemic. We find that although our participants' experiences of belonging were largely undisturbed by the pandemic, this was not because their lives were not affected more broadly, but because their sense of belonging was established through everyday routines and practices that were maintained during the pandemic.
Guide to development of compound files for PBPK modeling in the Simcyp population‐based simulator
Authors: Ezuruike Udoamaka , Zhang Mian , Pansari Amita , De Sousa Mendes Mailys , Pan Xian , Neuhoff Sibylle , Gardner Iain 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Simcyp Simulator is a software platform for population physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation. It links in vitro data to in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic outcomes to explore clinical scenarios and support drug development decisions, including regulatory submissions and drug labels. This tutorial describes the different input parameters required, as well as the considerations needed when developing a PBPK model within the Simulator, for a small molecule intended for oral administration. A case study showing the development and application of a PBPK model for ondansetron is herein used to aid the understanding of different PBPK model development concepts.
Asymptotic tracking control for state‐constrained strict‐feedback systems with non‐vanishing uncertainties
Authors: Zuo Gewei , Wang Yujuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article proposes an asymptotic tracking control solution for a class of strict‐feedback systems subject to asymmetric time‐varying full‐state constraints and non‐vanishing uncertainties. Our method features with the complete rejection of the non‐vanishing uncertainties rather than partial attenuation. This is done by the effective compensation of the extra residual terms produced by the non‐vanishing uncertainties in the stability analysis by adding an adaptive term into the first‐order filter. Our method also features with the removing of the feasibility conditions. Further, all internal signals are ensured to be bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is confirmed via an illustrative example.
Identifying energy and emotion‐based conflict: Development of a refined work‐life conflict scale
Authors: DeBaylo Paige , Michel Jesse S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile work‐family conflict, and more broadly work‐life conflict, has traditionally been conceptualized through the dimensions of time, strain, and behaviour, an expansion of these dimensions should prove advantageous for measurement and comprehension. Specifically, energy and emotion‐based conflict have been cited as possible factors that would be beneficial to the measurement of work‐life conflict. While these forms of conflict have been discussed as viable areas of expansion in the work‐life conflict literature, there has yet to be a systematic empirical attempt to include both energy and emotion as their own distinct dimensions. In the present research, items were identified and/or created to represent energy and emotion‐based forms of conflict to explore their feasibility in work‐life conflict measurement. Energy and emotion were identified as distinct dimensions of work‐life conflict through four studies of construct validation. Collectively, a four‐factor solution of time, behaviour, energy, and emotion was supported. Multi‐wave data indicated that energy and emotion‐based conflicts were incrementally predictive of outcomes, including job satisfaction and job‐related burnout, above and beyond other measures. By combining and expanding existing literature to include energy and emotion as independent dimensions, this research creates a more encompassing scale that more comprehensively represents the construct of work‐life conflict.