bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan Briket Campuran Arang Ampas Tebu dan Tempurung Kelapa sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif
Authors: Mustain Asalil , Sindhuwati Christyfani , Wibowo Agung Ari , Estelita Adinda Sindi , Rohmah Nur Lailatur 
Published: March 2022

Pemanfaatan ampas tebu dan tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan briket memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Briket merupakan arang dengan bentuk tertentu yang dihasilkan melalui proses pemampatan dengan penambahan sejumlah perekat tertentu. Pemanfaatan briket sebagai bahan bakar mampu menghasilkan kalor dengan sedikit asap. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi arang ampas tebu dan arang tempurung kelapa serta jenis perekat terhadap karakteristik briket. Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu rasio massa arang ampas tebu terhadap arang tempurung kelapa (100:0, 50:50, 30:70 dan 0:100) dan jenis perekat briket (tepung tapioka atau tepung sagu). Tahapan penelitian pembuatan briket ini meliputi persiapan bahan baku, karbonisasi, pembriketan dan analisa produk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik briket terbaik terdapat pada briket dengan perekat tepung tapioka dan komposisi arang ampas tebu terhadap arang tempurung kelapa 30:70. Karakteristik briket tersebut memiliki nilai kadar air sebesar 6,93%, kadar abu 3,50%, kadar zat menguap 24,75%, kadar karbon terikat 64,82% dan nilai kalor sebesar 5995 kal/g.
The utilization of bagasse and coconut shells as the main raw materials for making briquettes has great potential as alternative fuels. Briquettes are charcoal with a certain shape which is produced through a compression process with the addition of a certain amount of adhesive. The utilization of briquettes as fuel is able to produce heat with less smoke. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the bagasse charcoal and coconut shell charcoal composition and the adhesive type on the characteristics of briquettes. The variables used in this study were the mass ratio of bagasse charcoal to coconut shell charcoal (100:0, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100) and the type of briquette adhesive (tapioca flour or sago flour). The research stages of making briquettes include raw material preparation, carbonization, briquetting and product analysis. The results of this study indicated that the best characteristics of briquettes were found in briquettes with tapioca flour adhesive and the composition of bagasse charcoal to coconut shell charcoal 30:70. The characteristics of these briquettes had a water content value of 6.93%, ash content of 3.50%, volatile matter content of 24.75%, fixed carbon content of 64.82% and calorific value of 5995 cal/g.
Panas Pretreatment Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Sodium Hidroksida dan Asam Fosfat
Authors: Panjaitan Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan 
Published: March 2022

Indonesia sebagai negara penghasil minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia memiliki limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) yang melimpah. TKKS ini dapat dikonversi menjadi berbagai bioproduk yang didahului dengan proses pretreatment. Pada penelitian ini akan diteliti perhitungan panas pretreatment TKKS dengan sodium hidroksida dan asam fosfat pada kondisi suhu rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panas pretreatment dengan menggunakan sodium hidroksida lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan panas pretreatment dengan asam fosfat. Selain itu, berdasarkan variasi konsentrasi asam fosfat yang digunakan, semakin tinggi konsentrasi asam fosfat membuat panas pretreatment dengan menggunakan larutan asam fosfat semakin rendah. Perbedaan nilai panas pada pretreatment dengan menggunakan sodium hidroksida dan asam fosfat dipengaruhi oleh panas pembentukan dari masing-masing senyawa yang digunakan proses pretreatment. Panas pretreatment TKKS dengan 5% larutan sodium hidroksida menghasilkan panas sebesar 125 kJ. Sedangkan, panas pretreatment dengan menggunakan asam fosfat pada berbagai konsentrasi 70%, 75%, 80% dan 85% adalah 117 kJ, 103 kJ, 88 kJ dan 74 kJ.

Indonesia as the largest palm oil producing country in the world has abundant oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs). OPEFBs can be converted into various bioproducts which are preceded by pretreatment process. This research investigated the heat calculation of OPEFBs pretreatment with sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid at low temperature conditions. The results showed that the heat using sodium hydroxide was higher than the heat using phosphoric acid. In addition, based on variation in phosphoric acid concentrations used, it was found that the higher concentration of phosphoric acid made the heat of phosphoric acid pretreatment became lower. The difference of heat value in sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid pretreatment was influenced by the heat of formation in each compound used in the pretreatment process. Heat pretreatment of OPEFBs with 5% sodium hydroxide solution was 125 kJ. While, heat pretreatment using phosphoric acid at various concentrations of 70%, 75%, 80% and 85% were 117 kJ, 103 kJ, 88 kJ and 74 kJ.
Fotodegradasi Terkatalisis TiO2-H2O2 pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Mie Soun
Authors: Kholidah Kholidah , Wahyuni Endang Tri , Sugiharto Eko 
Published: March 2022

Fotodegradasi terkatalisis TiO2 telah terbukti efektif digunakan untuk mengolah limbah organik, sehingga dilakukan kajian fotodegradasi terkatalisis TiO2 pada limbah cair industri mie soun sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan di sekitar daerah produksi. Kajian penambahan oksidator H2O2 juga dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas fotodegradasi. Optimalisasi reaksi fotodegradasi dilakukan dengan optimasi variabel pH, massa fotokatalis, konsentrasi H2O2, dan waktu penyinaran. Parameter yang digunakan untuk menilai efektivitas fotodegradasi berupa penurunan kandungan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) limbah yang ditentukan dengan metode volumetri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah cair industri mie soun mempunyai kandungan COD awal sebesar 1920 mg L-1. Proses fotodegradasi terkatalisis TiO2 hanya dapat menurunkan kandungan COD limbah menjadi 1480 mg L-1 (22,92%), sedangkan penambahan H2O2 pada sistem fotokatalis TiO2 dapat meningkatkan penurunan kandungan COD menjadi 1120 mg L-1 (41,67%). Penurunan paling optimal tercapai pada pH 3, penggunaan 10 mg TiO2, penambahan 10 mM H2O2, dan waktu penyinaran UV selama 24 jam.

Photocatalytic degradation over TiO2 has been proven to be effective in treating organic wastewater. So that a study of photocatalytic degradation over TiO2 in the cellophane noodles industrial wastewater was conducted as an effort to reduce environmental pollution around the production area. Studies on the addition of H2O2 as an oxidizing agents were also carried out to increase the effectiveness of photodegradation. Optimization of the photodegradation reaction was carried out by optimizing the variables of pH, photocatalyst mass, H2O2 concentration, and irradiation time. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was used to assess the effectiveness of photodegradation and was determined by volumetric method. The results showed that the wastewater from the cellophane noodles industrial wastewater has an initial COD level of 1920 mg L-1. Photocatalytic degradation over TiO2 process can only reduce the COD level of the wastewater to 1480 mg L-1 (22.92%), while the addition of H2O2 to the TiO2 photocatalyst system can increase the decrease in the COD level to 1120 mg L-1 (41.67%). The most optimal decrease was achieved at pH 3, the use of 10 mg TiO2 , the addition of 10 mM H2O2, and UV irradiation time for 24 hours.
The Comparison of Physical Activity, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Different Age Groups
Authors: DURAN Merve , KEKLİK Sinem Suner , ÇOBANOĞLU Gamze 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of physical activity, fatigue, and quality of life of healthy individuals belonging to different age groups.
Methods: A total of 107 healthy individuals participated in the study, of which 39 were young (aged between 18 and 39), 42 were middle- aged (aged between 40 and 64), and 26 were elderly (over 65 years old). While physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, fatigue level was evaluated using the Fatigue Assessment Scale, and quality of life with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments.
Results: A statistically significant difference has been detected between three groups with regards to the levels of physical activity, fatigue, and quality of life (p
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Treatment Management and Clinical Outcome of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Kashefiolasl Sepide , Qasem Lina Elisabeth , Brawanski Nina , Funke Moritz , Keil Fee , Hattingen Elke , Foerch Christian , Seifert Volker , Prinz Vincent Matthias , Czabanka Marcus , Konczalla Juergen 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies reported decreased volumes of acute stroke admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to examine whether aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) volumes demonstrated similar declines in our department. Furthermore, the impact of the pandemic on disease progression should be analyzed.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in the neurosurgical department of the university hospital Frankfurt including patients with the diagnosis of aSAH during the first year of the COVID pandemic. One year cumulative volume for aSAH hospitalization procedures was compared to the year before (03/2020 – 02/2021 vs. 03/2019 – 02/2020) and the last 5 pre-COVID-pandemic years (2015-2020). All relevant patient characteristics concerning family history, disease history, clinical condition at admission, active/past COVID-infection, treatment management, complications, and outcome were analyzed.ResultsCompared to the 84 hospital admissions during the pre-pandemic years, the number of aSAH hospitalizations (n = 56) declined during the pandemic without reaching significance. No significant difference in the analyzed patient characteristics including clinical condition at onset, treatment, complications, and outcome, between 56 patients with aSAH admitted during the COVID pandemic and the treated patients in the last 5 years in the pre-COVID period were found. In our multivariable analysis, we detected young age (p &lt; 0.05; OR 4.2) and no existence of early hydrocephalus (p &lt; 0.05; OR 0.13) as important factors for a favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 0–2) after aSAH during the COVID pandemic. A past COVID-infection was detected in young patients suffering from aSAH (Age &lt;50years, p &lt; 0.05; OR 10.5) with an increased rate of cerebral vasospasm after aSAH onset (p &lt; 0.05; OR 26). Nevertheless, past COVID-infection did not reach significance as a high-risk factor for unfavorable outcomes.ConclusionThere was a relative decrease in the number of patients with aSAH during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the extremely different conditions of hospitalization, there was no impairing significant effect on the treatment and outcome of admitted patients with aSAH. A past COVID infection seemed to be an irrelevant limiting factor concerning favorable outcomes.
Sex and Age Differences in Patient-Reported Acute Stroke Symptoms
Authors: Eddelien Heidi S. , Butt Jawad H. , Christensen Thomas , Danielsen Anne K. , Kruuse Christina 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIdentification of sex- and age-related differences in the presentation of atypical symptoms at stroke onset may reduce prehospital delay and improve stroke treatment if acknowledged at first contact.AimTo explore sex- and age-related differences in patient-reported typical and atypical symptoms of a stroke.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional survey at two non-comprehensive stroke units in the Capital Region of Denmark. Patient-reported symptoms, stroke knowledge, and behavioral response were analyzed by the Chi-square test or a Fisher's exact test separated by sex. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates were used to explore sex- and age-related differences according to each patient-reported typical or atypical symptoms.ResultsIn total, 479 patients with acute stroke were included (median age 74 years [25th to 75th percentile: 64–80], and 40.1% were women). Female sex was associated with higher odds of presenting with atypical symptoms, such as loss of consciousness (OR 2.12 [95% CI 1.08–4.18]) and nausea/vomiting (OR 2.33 [95% CI 1.24–4.37]), and lower odds of presenting with lower extremity paresis (OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.39–0.89). With each year of age, the odds decreased of presenting with sensory changes (OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.94–0.97]) and upper extremity paresis (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.96–0.99]), whereas odds of presenting with dysphagia (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.02–1.11]) increased.ConclusionsPatients of female sex and younger age reported on admission more frequently atypical stroke symptoms. Attention should be drawn to this possible atypical first presentation to facilitate correct identification and early stroke revascularization treatment to improve the outcome for both sexes.
Combined Effect of CYP2C19 Genetic Polymorphisms and C-Reactive Protein on Voriconazole Exposure and Dosing in Immunocompromised Children
Authors: Chen Juan , Wu Ying , He Yuelin , Feng Xiaoqin , Ren Yuqiong , Liu Shiting 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPediatric patients have significant interindividual variability in voriconazole exposure. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with voriconazole concentrations and dose requirements to achieve therapeutic concentrations in pediatric patients.MethodsMedical records of pediatric patients were retrospectively reviewed. Covariates associated with voriconazole plasma concentrations and dose requirements were adjusted by using generalized linear mixed-effect models.ResultsA total of 682 voriconazole steady-state trough concentrations from 91 Chinese pediatric patients were included. Voriconazole exposure was lower in the CYP2C19 normal metabolizer (NM) group compared with the intermediate metabolizer (IM) group and the poor metabolizer (PM) group (p = 0.0016, p &lt; 0.0001). The median daily dose of voriconazole required to achieve therapeutic range demonstrated a significant phenotypic dose effect: 20.8 mg/kg (range, 16.2–26.8 mg/kg) for the CYP2C19 NM group, 18.2 mg/kg (range, 13.3–21.8 mg/kg) for the CYP2C19 IM group, and 15.2 mg/kg (range, 10.7–19.1 mg/kg) for the CYP2C19 PM group, respectively. The extent of impact of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on voriconazole trough concentrations and dose requirements varied between CYP2C19 phenotypes. Increases of 20, 120, 245, and 395 mg/L from 5 mg/L in CRP levels were associated with increases in voriconazole trough concentration by 22.22, 50, 64.81, and 75% respectively, in the NM group; by 39.26, 94.48, 123.93, and 146.63%, respectively, in the IM group; and by 17.17, 37.34, 46.78, and 53.65%, respectively, in the PM group. Meanwhile, increases of 20, 120, 245, and 395 mg/L from 5 mg/L in CRP levels were associated with increases in voriconazole dose requirements by 7.15, 14.23, 17.35, and 19.43%, respectively, in the PM group; with decreases in voriconazole dose requirements by 3.71, 7.38, 8.97, and 10.03%, respectively, in the NM group; and with decreases by 4, 9.10, 11.05, and 12.35%, respectively, in the IM group. In addition, age and presence of immunosuppressants had significant effects on voriconazole exposure.ConclusionsOur study suggests that CYP2C19 phenotypes, CRP concentrations, age, and the presence of immunosuppressants were factors associated with the pharmacokinetic changes in voriconazole. There was heterogeneity in the effect of CRP on voriconazole plasma concentrations across different CYP2C19 genotypes. Combining relevant factors with dose adaptation strategies in therapeutic drug monitoring may help to reduce the incidence of subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic concentrations in clinical practice.
Positive Association Between Fluoroquinolone Exposure and Tendon Disorders: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chun-Kai , Chien Wu-Chien , Hsu Wan-Fu , Chiao Hao-Yu , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Tzeng Yuan-Sheng , Huang Shao-Wei , Ou Kuang-Ling , Wang Chih-Chien , Chen Shyi-Jou , Wang Der-Shiun 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Fluoroquinolone exposure is reportedly associated with a higher risk of tendon disorders, tendonitis, or tendon rupture. However, studies in East Asian populations have not confirmed these risks in patients with comorbidities or concomitant medication use. This cohort study was designed to investigate the associations among fluoroquinolone exposure, comorbidities, medication use, and tendon disorders in Taiwan.Materials and Methods: This population-based, nationwide, observational, cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Research database in Taiwan, a nationwide claims database that covers more than 99% of the Taiwanese population. The study period was from January 2000 to December 2015, and the median follow-up time was 11.05 ± 10.91 years. Patients who were exposed to fluoroquinolones for more than three consecutive days were enrolled, and patients without fluoroquinolone exposure who were matched by age, sex, and index year were enrolled as controls. The associations of comorbidities and concomitant medication use with tendon disorder occurrence were analyzed using Cox regression models.Results: The incidence of tendon disorders were 6.61 and 3.34 per 105 person-years in patients with and without fluoroquinolone exposure, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.423; 95% confidence interval [1.02,1.87]; p = 0.021). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Patients under 18 and over 60 years with fluoroquinolone exposure; those with chronic kidney disease, diabetes, rheumatologic disease, cardiac disease, lipid disorder, or obesity; and those who concomitantly used statins, aromatase inhibitors, or glucocorticoids, had a significantly higher risk of tendon disorders.Conclusion: The long-term risk of tendon disorders was higher in patients with fluoroquinolone exposure than in those without fluoroquinolone exposure. Clinicians should assess the benefits and risks of fluoroquinolone use in patients at high risk of tendon disorders who require fluoroquinolone administration.
Nurse's Psychological Experiences of Caring for Severe COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Han Peng , Duan Xia , Zhao Sijia , Zhu Xiaoping , Jiang Jinxia 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 has been listed as an international public health emergency. During the pandemic, the nurses were affected physically and mentally when in contact with and caring for patients infected with COVID-19, especially those in intensive care units (ICUs).ObjectiveTo summarize and evaluate the actual psychological experience of nurses caring for patients with severe pneumonia in the ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRelevant publications were identified by systematic searches across 11 databases in December 2021. All qualitative and mixed-method studies in English and Chinese from 2019 that explored the experiences of nurses who cared for severe COVID-19 patients in ICUs were included. The qualitative meta-synthesis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and assessed the quality of each study. Meta-synthesis was performed to integrate the results.ResultsA total of 12 studies revealed 9 sub-themes and 3 descriptive themes: physical reactions and psychological changes, the need for support from multiple sources, and increased adaptation and resilience.ConclusionNurses who treated severe COVID-19 patients have experienced severe work trials and emotional reactions during the pandemic. They have also developed personally in this process. Managers should develop strategies that address the nurse's needs for external support, reasonably respond to public health emergencies, and improve nursing care outcomes.
Tentative Application of a Streamlined Protocol to Determine Organ-Specific Regulations of Deiodinase 1 and Dehalogenase Activities as Readouts of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid-Periphery-Axis
Authors: Renko Kostja , Kerp Helena , Pape Janina , Rijntjes Eddy , Burgdorf Tanja , Führer Dagmar , Köhrle Josef 
Published: March 2022

In animal studies, both in basic science and in toxicological assessment of potential endocrine disruptors, the state of the thyroid hormone (TH) axis is often described and defined exclusively by the concentrations of circulating THs and TSH. Although it is known that the local, organ-specific effects of THs are also substantially regulated by local mechanisms such as TH transmembrane transport and metabolism of TH by deiodinases, such endpoint parameters of the axis are rarely assessed in these experiments. Currently developed in vitro assays utilize the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction, a photometric method of iodide determination, to test the effect of chemicals on iodotyrosine and iodothyronine deiodinases. Furthermore, this technology offers the possibility to determine the iodine content of various sample types (e.g., urine, ex vivo tissue) in a simple way. Here, we measured deiodinase type 1 and iodotyrosine dehalogenase activity by means of the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction in ex vivo samples of hypo- and hyperthyroid mice of two age groups (young; 3 months and old; 20 months). In thyroid, liver and kidney, organ-specific regulation patterns emerged across both age groups, which, based on this pilot study, may serve as a starting point for a deeper characterization of the TH system in relevant studies in the future and support the development of Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment (IATA).