bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La metodología indagatoria como herramienta para el desarrollo de habilidades científicas en niños del nivel inicial
Authors: Matos Miraval Edith Ivercia , Serrano Berdejo Verónica Isabel , Espinoza Villanueva Luis Enrique , Otoya Barreneche Jose Antonio 
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la eficiencia de un proyecto de aprendizaje de 10 sesiones basado en la metodología indagatoria para desarrollar las habilidades científicas en los niños de 4 años, aula naranja de la institución educativa inicial N° 005-San Diego, durante el año 2019. Para lograr se diseñó una investigación del tipo cuasiexperimental de corte longitudinal y paradigma cuantitativo. El grupo de aplicación sobre en el que se trabajó consistió en un aula de 23 alumnos del nivel dado a los cuales se les aplico 10 sesiones durante el primer semestre del año escolar 2019, dentro del programa regular correspondiente al curso de Ciencia y Tecnología acorde al currículo oficial. Para medir la eficiencia del proyecto, se aplicó pruebas de entrada y salida en cada sesión de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran que las sesiones de aprendizaje mostraron diferentes eficiencias en el aprendizaje de los niños, pero con una tendencia positiva. Si bien la primera sesión no muestra diferencias significativas en los resultados de entrada y salida, a partir de la segunda se observan diferencias significativas crecientes. El análisis del promedio de las 10 pruebas, muestra con un P-valor de 0.02 que el proyecto es eficiente en el desarrollo de las habilidades científicas de los niños evaluados y puede ser replicado en otros grupos similares. Se recomienda futuras investigaciones que incluyan un grupo de control para enriquecer el conocimiento de la aplicación de esta metodología.
LA TEORÍA DE LA JUSTICIA EN ARISTÓTELES
Authors: Icochea Rodríguez Gabriel 
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo es un examen de cada uno de los significados empleados por Aristóteles para definir el término justicia en el libro V de la Ética a Nicómaco. Esta taxonomía tiene implicaciones políticas. La justicia constituye una virtud que se coloca por encima de las demás virtudes. A diferencia de las otras que tienen que ver con la vida buena y con su finalidad, la felicidad, la justicia es una virtud no vinculada a uno mismo sino a los demás. Este carácter relacional explica su condición un tanto ambigua. La ubica en un punto que es, al mismo tiempo, un intermedio entre la vida buena y el bien común, o más bien, entre la ética y la política. Corresponde al presente texto el propósito de esclarecer los términos y las aplica- ciones. Se analizan, por tanto, las diferencias entre ley (nomos) y justicia (dikaios- yne); los significados de distribución y corrección y lo relativo al intercambio y a la moneda como condiciones indispensables de la socialización.
Characterization of the High Swelling Green Clay in the Vicinity of Amman Area
Authors: Abdel Hadi Monther , Khliefat Ibrahim , Abdelhadi Nafeth , Saada Nidhal 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Jordan is awarded huge areas in the north and western part of the country in which brown and green clay is dominant. This research focuses on the problems and behaviour of the green clay only. The main problem of the green clay is its high swelling pressure which is the main cause of excessive settlement and wall cracks in buildings, especially during the wet season.

Methods:
This study aims to investigate the engineering properties and behaviour of the green clay deposits in the Amman area, which will serve as a guide for both geotechnical and structural engineers when preparing the foundation design.

Results:
Based on the consolidation test, the investigated green clay showed high swelling pressure of 3.11 kg/cm2, liquid limit (LL) of 73%, plasticity index (PI) of 40%, the shrinkage limit (SL) of 12%, and liquidity index (LI) of 0.125. The moisture content at saturation is 35.14%, while the natural moisture content is 28%, dry density is 1407 kg/m3, cohesion (C) is 0.20 kg/cm2 and unconfined compressive strength is 1.05 kg/cm2. The XRD results of the clay size fraction have confirmed the presence of the expansive clay mineral smectite as the essential clay mineral together with kaolinite. Results provide a general understanding of the behaviour and properties of the green clay, and the regression analysis showed good correlations between the liquid limit and initial moisture content with the compression index and also between the initial void ratios with the swelling index.

Conclusion:
Changes in the volume are due to the unsaturation level of clay when provided with initial water content.
Increasing Value of Façade at Green Hotel Building Based on Value Engineering
Authors: Husin Albert Eddy , Karolina Tenni , Rahmawati Diah Ika , Abdillah Chandra Fany 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Of a total of 180 countries in the world, Indonesia is ranked 116th in the EPI ranking. This paper describes the innovative design of a high-rise hotel building that carries a green building concept. which utilizes the outer wall area of the hotel building as an object in this study.

Objective:
The main design of this project is the creation of an innovative high-rise hotel building with attention to architectural, structural, and lighting system aspects as well as energy efficiency from direct sunlight, which will be processed into a source of electrical energy.

Materials and Methods:

Application of analysis through value engineering case studies and application of green building methods, with qualitative methods. This paper focuses on factors related to energy sources and environmental sustainability and calculates life cycle costs concerning case study designs. The goal is to reduce the use of electrical energy sources from PLN which have an impact on nature preservation, by carrying out the concept of environmentally friendly buildings, by utilizing the facade wall area with the application of Photovoltaic.

Results:
The results obtained a percentage of ≤ 6.21%, with the use of Photovoltaic material as much as 100%.

Conclusion:
The facades (east and west) generate ± 1,050 KVA of electricity from the Solar Power Plant and reduce the use of electricity from PLN by 991 KVA, out of a total of 2,041 KVA. It can be concluded that the decrease obtained is 47.32%.
Diagnosis and Management Approaches for Non-cavitated Carious Dental Lesions- A Narrative Review
Authors: AlShaya Mohammad S. , Sabbagh Heba J. , El-Housseiny Azza A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases. Its detection and management should start with a comprehensive treatment plan, with the goals of the elimination of cariogenic bacteria, the reduction of plaque acidogenicity, the encouragement of tooth remineralization, and the repair of damaged teeth.

Objectives:
The aim of this paper was to review the literature regarding the latest updates on the diagnosis and management approaches of non-cavitated carious dental lesions.

Methods:
Studies regarding the diagnosis and management of non-cavitated carious dental lesions were included.

Results: The subclinical non-cavitated carious lesion might progress to an early enamel lesion, develop into an established dentin lesion, or sometimes end up with a lesion reaching the pulp. The detection and management of caries should be patient-centered, risk-based, and evidence-supported, and should consider the dentists’ expertise and the patients’ needs and preferences. The visual-tactile and radiographic detection of non-cavitated carious lesions are greatly helped by the advances of non-invasive detection tools such as DIAGNOdent, fiber-optic transillumination, quantitative light-induced fluorescence, and DIAGNOcam.

Conclusion:
Accordingly, non-cavitated carious lesions can be arrested by several non-invasive techniques, which are preferred over the invasive options. The clinicians can use sealants plus fluoride varnish on occlusal surfaces, fluoride varnish or resin infiltration on proximal surfaces, and resin infiltration,fluoride gel, or varnish alone on facial or lingual surfaces to manage non-cavitated carious lesions.
Dental-Facial Midline: An Esthetic Based Classification
Authors: Niraula Nischal , Acharya Reecha , Humagain Manoj , Khurshid Zohaib , Adanir Necdet , Rokaya Dinesh 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The facial midline and dental midline play an important role in facial esthetics, cosmetic dentistry, facial plastic surgery, and anthropologic studies.

Objective:
This study studied the dental-facial midline in Nepalese subjects and to classify the midline.

Methods:
The study was conducted in 150 Nepalese subjects, mostly consisting of University students (80 males and 70 females). After obtaining ethical approval, facial and dental midlines were analyzed using a scale.

Results:
It showed 26 (18%) study subjects showed the coincidence of the facial midline with the maxillary and mandibular dental midlines. It showed that only 44 (30%) subjects showed the coincidence of facial midline with only maxillary dental midline, and 26 (17%) subjects showed the facial midline coincidence with only mandibular dental midline. The dental midline discrepancy was more prevalent in the maxillary arch and more prevalent on the right side. Midline discrepancy is seen more in males compared to females. The majority of the deviation showed 1 mm, followed by 2 mm, and 3 mm.

Conclusion:

The coincidence of the facial midline with both the maxillary and mandibular dental midlines is uncommon. Midline discrepancy is seen more in males compared to females. The majority of the subjects show a mild discrepancy of 1 mm. The midline discrepancy was more seen on the right side and in the maxillary arch.
Integrating Quality of Life in the Care Pathway of Cancer Patients Undergoing Immunotherapy Treatment: Descriptive, Cross-sectional Survey of an Online Patient Community's Experiences and Expectations
Authors: Wilczynski Ophélie , Boisbouvier Anthony , Radoszycki Lise , Cotté François-Emery , Gaudin Anne-Françoise , Lemasson Hervé 
Published: January 2022

Background
New cancer treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), can improve survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer. Although long-term monitoring of HRQoL has been shown to improve survival, integration of HRQoL into everyday practice remains poorly documented.

Objective
This study describes experiences and expectations of patients treated with ICIs regarding a discussion of HRQoL with health care professionals (HCPs) in cancer management.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in an online patient community (Carenity) in France. Patients treated with ICIs for cancer, included between September 2018 and January 2019, completed a questionnaire to assess the involvement of HCP in a discussion of HRQoL and when and what was discussed.

Results
Of 82 patients included (mean age: 56.9 years, 95% CI 54.2-59.6; 46 [56%] male; 34 [41%] with lung cancer), 62 (76%) reported discussing HRQoL at least once with HCPs, mainly general practitioners (54/82, 66%), oncologists (53/82, 65%), and hospital nurses (50/82, 61%). Around half (45/82, 55%) of the patients were satisfied with these discussions. Discussions with the oncologist were at the patient’s initiative (34/53, 64%). Discussions occurred primarily during follow-up visits (40/62, 65%), when adverse events occurred (30/62, 48%), and at treatment initiation (27/62, 32%). The most discussed dimensions were symptoms (48/62, 77%) and physical well-being (43/62, 69%). With respect to expectations, 54/82 (66%) patients considered oncologists as the most important HCPs for discussing HRQoL. These discussions were desirable throughout the care pathway, particularly at diagnosis (63/82, 77%) and when treatment was initiated (75/82, 92%) or changed (68/82, 83%). All HRQoL dimensions were considered important to discuss.

Conclusions
With only around half of the patients satisfied with HRQoL discussions, impactful HRQoL integration in clinical practice is critical. According to patients, this integration should involve mainly oncologists and general practitioners, should happen at every step of the care pathway, and should be extended to dimensions that are currently rarely addressed.
Uji Performa Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom Thermo Ice 3000 Terhadap Logam Pb Menggunakan CRM 500 dan CRM 697 di UPT Laboratorium Terpadu UNS
Authors: Sugito Sugito , Marliyana Soerya Dewi 
Published: January 2022

Atomic Absoprtion Spektrophotometer (AAS) atau Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom adalah istrumen untuk melakukan analisa logam antara lain : Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, dan Co dimana dasar pengukurannya adalah pengukuran serapan sinar oleh suatu atom. Sinar yang tidak diserap diteruskan dan dirubah menjadi sinar listrik yang terukurTujuan Penelitian ini adalah mengetahui performa alat AAS Therma ICE 3000 terhadap pengujian logam Pb. Hal ini sangat penting karena berpengaruh besar terhadap validitas hasil pengukuran pada kegiatan riset,praktikum dan pengujian di Laboratorium Kimia UPT Lab Terpadu UNS. Performa yang akan diteliti meliputi akurasi, presisi, limit deteksi dan liniaritas.Dari pengukuran didapatkan hasil akurasi yang baik (<5%) yakni sebesar 1,957 untuk CRM 500 dan 1,149 untuk CRM 697, presisi diapatkan angkaCV perhitungan sebesar 1,134 <dari 2/3 %CV Persamaan Horwitz, limit deteksi didapatkan MDL untuk parameter uji Cu dengan matriks Aqua Bidest adalah 0,009310168 ppm dan linearitas menghasilkan R2 sebesar 1.
Uji Daya Hambat Bakteri Escherichia coli pada Produk Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Sumarsih Sumarsih 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat bakteri Escherichia coli pada produk hand sanitizer. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal menggunakan 3 variabel perlakuan dan tiap perlakuan diulang tiga (3) kali. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah penambahan gliserol 98% dan H2O2 3% pada hand sanitizer dengan bahan kimia serta penambahan gel aloe vera dan esensial oil jeruk nipis pada produk hand sanitizer dengan bahan alami dibandingkan dengan produk hand sanitizer komersial sebagai kontrol. Parameter yang diamati merupakan diameter zona hambat bakteri Eschericia coli. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis sidik ragam ANOVA 5% dan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) untuk perlakuan yang berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk hand sanitizer komersial memiliki daya hambat bakteri Escherichia coli yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan produk hand sanitizer dengan bahan kimia maupun hand sanitizer dengan bahan alami buatan sendiri.
Polygenic Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes in Africa
Authors: Chikowore Tinashe , Ekoru Kenneth , Vujkovi Marijana , Gill Dipender , Pirie Fraser , Young Elizabeth , Sandhu Manjinder S. , McCarthy Mark , Rotimi Charles , Adeyemo Adebowale , Motala Ayesha , Fatumo Segun 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Polygenic prediction of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in continental Africans is adversely affected by the limited number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T2D from Africa and the poor transferability of European-derived polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in diverse ethnicities. We set out to evaluate if African American, European, or multiethnic-derived PRSs would improve polygenic prediction in continental Africans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using the PRSice software, ethnic-specific PRSs were computed with weights from the T2D GWAS multiancestry meta-analysis of 228,499 case and 1,178,783 control subjects. The South African Zulu study (n = 1,602 case and 981 control subjects) was used as the target data set. Validation and assessment of the best predictive PRS association with age at diagnosis were conducted in the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study (n = 2,148 case and 2,161 control subjects).

RESULTS
The discriminatory ability of the African American and multiethnic PRSs was similar. However, the African American–derived PRS was more transferable in all the countries represented in the AADM cohort and predictive of T2D in the country combined analysis compared with the European and multiethnic-derived scores. Notably, participants in the 10th decile of this PRS had a 3.63-fold greater risk (odds ratio 3.63; 95% CI 2.19–4.03; P = 2.79 × 10−17) per risk allele of developing diabetes and were diagnosed 2.6 years earlier than those in the first decile.

CONCLUSIONS
African American–derived PRS enhances polygenic prediction of T2D in continental Africans. Improved representation of non-European populations (including Africans) in GWAS promises to provide better tools for precision medicine interventions in T2D.
Utilization Rates of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Their Facility-Level Variation Among Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Mahtta Dhruv , Ramsey David J. , Lee Michelle T. , Chen Liang , Al Rifai Mahmoud , Akeroyd Julia M. , Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Matheny Michael E. , Santo Karla Rodrigues do Espirito , Navaneethan Sankar D. , Lavie Carl J. , Birnbaum Yochai , Ballantyne Christie M. , Petersen Laura A. , Virani Salim S. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
There is mounting evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is paucity of data assessing real-world practice patterns for these drug classes. We aimed to assess utilization rates of these drug classes and facility-level variation in their use.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used the nationwide Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system data set from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 and included patients with established ASCVD and T2DM. Among these patients, we assessed the use of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA and the facility-level variation in their use. Facility-level variation was computed using median rate ratios (MRR), a measure of likelihood that two random facilities differ in use of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in patients with ASCVD and T2DM.

RESULTS
Among 537,980 patients with ASCVD and T2DM across 130 VA facilities, 11.2% of patients received an SGLT2i while 8.0% of patients received a GLP-1 RA. Patients receiving these cardioprotective glucose-lowering drug classes were on average younger and had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Whites. Overall, median (10th–90th percentile) facility-level rates were 14.92% (9.31–22.50) for SGLT2i and 10.88% (4.44–17.07) for GLP-1 RA. There was significant facility-level variation among SGLT2i use—MRRunadjusted: 1.41 (95% CI 1.35–1.47) and MRRadjusted: 1.55 (95% CI 1.46 –1.63). Similar facility-level variation was observed for use of GLP-1 RA—MRRunadjusted: 1.34 (95% CI 1.29–1.38) and MRRadjusted: 1.78 (95% CI 1.65–1.90).

CONCLUSIONS
Overall utilization rates of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA among eligible patients are low, with significantly higher residual facility-level variation in the use of these drug classes. Our results suggest opportunities to optimize their use to prevent future adverse cardiovascular events among these patients.
Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in children before and after pneumococcal vaccination
Authors: Protasova I. N. , Sidorenko S. V. , Feldblum I. V. , Bakhareva N. V. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To investigate how the pneumococcal vaccination affects the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes.Materials and Methods. In 2011-2019, 1,852 healthy children (1,354 aged ≤ 5 years and 480 aged from 6 to 17 years) were examined for the nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage. Of them, 539 children were tested before the start of pneumococcal vaccination (2011-2014), while 1,313 were tested during the vaccine campaign (2015-2019). Pneumococcal strains were serotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.Results. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution considerably differed between children ≤ 5 and 6-17 years of age. Serotypes 23F, 19F, 19A, 6AB, and 15BC were prevalent in children ≤ 5 years of age while the older children were characterised by a high prevalence of capsular serotypes (3 and 33AF/37), serogroup 9 (9AV and 9LN), non-typeable streptococci, as well as 19F, 6AB and 6CD serotypes. Vaccination was associated with a significantly decreased prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage (from 41.5% to 19.2%) among children ≤ 5 years of age, while this reduction was less pronounced (from 13.5 to 9.0%) in older children. Vaccination led to the shift in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes towards an increased prevalence of non-vaccine serotypes that was particularly prominent in children ≤ 5 years of age. In particular, vaccination reduced the prevalence of 23F and 19A pneumococcal serotypes but heightened prevalence of 11AD serotype and to the appearance of previously undetected serotypes such as 8, 10A, 17F, 22F, 24ABF, 34, and 39.Conclusion. Pneumococcal vaccination decreased prevalence of pneumococcal carriage, yet causing a serotype replacement effect requiring improved microbiological monitoring in children of all age groups.
Deporte medieval del siglo XV: el fortísimo contraste entre la crónica de Álvaro de Luna y la crónica de Lucas de Iranzo
Authors: Ródríguez-López Juan 
Published: January 2022

Álvaro de Luna y Lucas de Iranzo, fueron objeto de sendas crónicas medievales. La primera trata de acontecimientos de la primera mitad del siglo XV, hasta 1453. La segunda es unas décadas posterior, de 1458 a 1471. Ambas contienen abundante información sobre los juegos de competencia física, pero existe un gran contraste entre el relato deportivo de una y otra.
En la de Álvaro de Luna los juegos físicos son más violentos, centrados en justas y torneos y, en segundo lugar, en peligrosos juegos de cañas. Se realizan en fiestas cortesanas sin presencia ni participación del pueblo. Se puede observar que las justas y torneos eran todavía semejantes a las formas de luchar de los "hombres de armas" en las batallas reales, tal como aparece en la crónica.
En la otra crónica, la de Iranzo, que relata la vida de la ciudad de Jaén y su defensa frente a los nazaríes granadinos durante el mandato de Miguel Lucas, se observa una revolución de los juegos medievales. Revolución que tiene en sus principales notas, la relegación de las formas más violentas del deporte, propias de justas y torneos, el rompimiento de las barreras sociales en el deporte de sus abundantes fiestas y la teatralización de los juegos. Revolución solo explicable por la personalidad de Lucas de Iranzo y el alejamiento y aislamiento del reino de Jaén de la corte castellana.