bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘True God from True God’: The Logic of Eternal Procession
Authors: Duby Steven J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile the eternal processions of God the Son and God the Holy Spirit are integral to orthodox Christian teaching on the Trinity, some philosophical theologians have recently debated whether the teaching of the eternal processions is necessary or even coherent with other elements of orthodox trinitarianism. This essay focuses on the eternal procession of the Son and attempts to show something of the scriptural logic behind the confession of the Son’s eternal procession and its coherence with central components of orthodox trinitarianism, particularly the equality of God the Son with God the Father.
Immunity at maternal–fetal interface: KIR/HLA (Allo)recognition*
Authors: Alexandrova Marina , Manchorova Diana , Dimova Tanya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBoth KIR and HLA are the most variable gene families in the human genome. The recognition of the semi‐allogeneic embryo‐derived trophoblasts by maternal decidual NK (dNK) cells is essential for the establishment of the functional placenta. This recognition is based on the KIR‐HLA interactions and trophoblast expresses a specific HLA profile that constitutes classical polymorphic HLA‐C and non‐classical oligomorphic HLA‐E, HLA‐F, and HLA‐G molecules. This review highlights some features of the KIR/HLA‐C (allo)recognition by decidual NK (dNK) cells as a main immune cell population specifically enriched at maternal–fetal interface during human early pregnancy. How KIR/HLA‐C axis operates in pregnancy disorders and in the context of transplacental infections is discussed as well. We summarized old and new data on dNK‐cell functional plasticity, their selective expression of KIR and fetal maternal/paternal HLA‐C haplotypes present. Results showed that KIR‐HLA‐C combinations and the corresponding axis operate differently in each pregnancy, determined by the variability of both maternal KIR haplotypes and fetus' maternal/paternal HLA‐C allotype combinations. Moreover, the maturation of NK cells strongly depends on if or not HLA allotypes for certain KIR are present. We suggest that the unique KIR/HLA combinations reached in each pregnancy (normal and pathological) should be studied according to well‐defined guidelines and unified methodologies to have comparable results ease to interpret and use in clinics.
Jealousy protest to a social rival compared to a nonsocial rival in Chilean infants 10–20 months' old
Authors: Fernandez Ana Maria , Acevedo Yvone , Baeza Carmen Gloria , Dufey Michele , Puga Isabel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJealousy protests have been linked to the intrusion of social rivals challenging infants' exclusive access to maternal care and resources that typically accompany attachment. Previous studies revealed that the experimental presentation of social rivals evokes protest in as early as 6 months old infants. This study replicated research on jealousy protests in a novel language and sociocultural context with 10–20 months old infants. We compared protests of 45 children when their mothers attended to each of the rivals and controlled for attachment dimensions. As hypothesized, infants had a stronger jealousy protest to the social rival, and their response was associated with attachment avoidance. We concluded that our results contribute to evidence on jealousy protest as an evolutionary rooted phenomenon that favors the mother's attention in a social rivalry scenario over nonsocial stimuli. Attachment avoidance may be a precluding factor of jealousy when faced with a social rival scenario that deserves further research.
Reconstruction of fully shaped fingers using a free great toe nail flap combined with a second toe tissue flap
Authors: Hou Chengcai , Zhang Aiping , Yu Xiuyue , Han Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo explore the clinical outcome of a free great toe nail flap (GTNF) combined with a second toe tissue flap (STTF) for fully shaped finger reconstruction (FSFR). From January 2013 to January 20, 2019, patients with finger defects underwent finger reconstruction using free GTNF combined with an STTF. All 20 fully shaped, reconstructed fingers survived without complications. The average follow‐up time was 44.4 months (range 12‐60 months). The reconstructed fingers had better function and appearance. The length of the fingers was close to normal, and the joint positions were normal. The fingers were able to extend −15° to −5° and flex 40° to 85°. The reconstructed fingers had no pain or numbness, and the function of the feet was restored well. The reconstruction of fully shaped fingers using GTNF combined with an STTF results in better function and appearance. This surgical method is worthy of promotion. This article introduces a new surgical method that is related to finger reconstruction. Finger defects bring psychological and functional regrets to patients and their families. Through this operation, the reconstructed finger is more perfect in appearance and function. I think this technology is very effective and worth promoting.
Characterization of a Bacillus cereus strain associated with a large feed-related outbreak of severe infection in pigs
Authors: Calvigioni Marco , Cara Alice , Celandroni Francesco , Mazzantini Diletta , Panattoni Adelaide , Tirloni Erica , Bernardi Cristian , Pinotti Luciano , Stella Simone , Ghelardi Emilia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
Bacillus cereus is often responsible for foodborne diseases and both local and systemic infections in humans. Cases of infection in other mammals are rather rare. In this study, we report a B. cereus feed-related outbreak that caused the death of 6234 pigs in Italy.

Methods and Results
Massive doses of a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium were recovered from the animal feed, faeces of survived pigs and intestinal content of dead ones. The B. cereus MM1 strain was identified by MALDI-TOF MS and typified by RAPD-PCR. The isolate was tested for the production of PC-PLC, proteases, hemolysins and biofilm, for motility, as well as for the presence of genes encoding tissue-degrading enzymes and toxins. Antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity in Galleria mellonella larvae were also investigated. Our results show that the isolated B. cereus strain is swimming-proficient, produces PC-PLC, proteases, hemolysins, biofilm and carries many virulence genes. The strain shows high pathogenicity in G. mellonella larvae.

Conclusions
The isolated B. cereus strain demonstrates an aggressive profile of pathogenicity and virulence, being able to produce a wide range of determinants potentially hazardous to pigs' health.

Significance and Impact of Study
This study highlights the proficiency of B. cereus to behave as a devastating pathogen in swine if ingested at high doses and underlines that more stringent quality controls are needed for livestock feeds and supplements.
The effect of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Ugelvik Mathias Stølen , Dalvin Sussie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effect of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on stress, growth and the expression of immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated. Lice infection success and survival were similar at the chalimus and preadult stage in the low and high dose group, but infection success and survival were significantly lower in the high than in the low dose group at the adult stage. The expression of investigated transcripts was not correlated to lice intensities, but several of them were significantly differently expressed locally in the skin at the site of lice attachment in infected fish compared to controls. This included an up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory markers at the site of lice attachment (e.g., interleukin 1‐beta, interleukin 8 and the acute phase protein serum amyloid A), a reduction of markers of adaptive immunity (cluster of differentiation 8‐alpha and immunoglobulin M) and decreased expression of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10.
The effect of increasing intestinal short‐chain fatty acid concentration on gut permeability and liver injury in the context of liver disease: A systematic review
Authors: Pohl Keith , Moodley Prebashan , Dhanda Ashwin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe gut barrier protects the liver through tight junctions, which are disrupted in liver disease either from dysbiosis, inflammation, or the effects of ingested compounds such as alcohol. Strengthening of the gut barrier may ameliorate liver injury of varying etiologies. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to improve gut barrier function. This systematic review aims to synthesize all studies that have trialed SCFA supplementation as a therapy for liver disease.MethodsA systematic review assessing the impact of SCFA supplementation on liver injury and intestinal permeability was conducted. All forms of intervention that specifically increased intestinal SCFA concentration and measured both liver injury and permeability were eligible. Two independent reviewers assessed each study for outcomes, risk of bias, and quality using checklists relevant to the study's methodology.ResultsSeventeen studies were identified; two utilized a human model (15 murine). Fifty‐eight markers of liver injury were identified, with 26 different measures of permeability. Given the numerous designs, no meta‐analysis was possible. SCFA supplements included oral and enteral butyrate, probiotics, and prebiotics. Fourteen studies demonstrated improved permeability. All studies showed a significant amelioration of liver injury.ConclusionsShort chain fatty acid supplementation to reduce intestinal permeability represents a potential therapy in a variety of liver disease models. A large number of outcome measures were reported however not all are practical in human studies. Future work should evaluate methods to increase luminal SCFA concentrations and the effect of this on gut permeability and liver inflammation in people with liver disease.
Methodological framework to find links between life cycle sustainability assessment categories and the UN Sustainable Development Goals based on literature
Authors: Hannouf Marwa B. , Padilla‐Rivera Alejandro , Assefa Getachew , Gates Ian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLife cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) can be used as a tool to understand how products and operating systems can meet the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, existing linkages between SDGs and LCSA are limited and an analysis of coverage in literature is needed. In this paper, we propose a generic methodological framework establishing connections between LCSA categories at micro‐level and SDGs at macro‐level based on derivation from the literature. The qualitative heuristic research method developed builds on keyword literature search, bibliometric analysis, mapping, and narrative literature review for connection rationales. By using qualitative assessment levels, an assessment of linkages between LCSA categories and SDGs reveal that “technology development,” “public commitment to sustainability issues,” “access to material resources,” and “education provided in the local community” have the highest number of reported relationships with SDGs. Twenty‐two LCSA categories were found with no direct/indirect connection with any SDG; reasons include absence of life cycle thinking perspective in SDGs and lack of sustainability‐based discussion for workers, consumers, and value chain actors' stakeholder groups. Despite these gaps, the results provide new insights for industries looking to measure the contribution of their product systems along their life cycle in the context of SDGs supporting them to some extent, to select LCSA categories with either highest number of identified relationships to SDGs or that contribute to prioritized list of SDGs. The approach provides a starting point to improve transparency and consistency of reporting of sustainability performance of product systems by connecting LCSA to the global agenda for sustainable development.
Customized reconstruction with rotation Hemi‐Keystone flap
Authors: Hifny Mahmoud A. , Park Tae Hwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe keystone perforator flap has become a versatile alternative for reconstruction of cutaneous defects of various etiologies and in all age groups. However, it demands a notable incision area proportional to defect size and is more prone to excessive tension during defect closure. We present a novel modified rotation Hemi‐keystone flap that reveals its excellence in flap survival.MethodsBetween March and December 2021, a retrospective chart review was conducted of 40 patients who received rotation Hemi‐keystone flap for coverage of cutaneous defects by a single surgeon. The primary outcome was successful flap survival.ResultsWe performed a total of 45 modified rotation Hemi‐keystone flaps for reconstruction of cutaneous wound defects. The location of the wound defects was in the head and neck (38%), extremities (35.7%), and trunk (26.2%). The most common cause of wound defect is tumor resection (45.2%). The mean wound defect dimensions were 3.5 cm × 3 cm. The mean follow‐up time was 6 months. There were no significant complications, with only one patient (2.4%) having minor wound dehiscence, which was treated by local wound care.ConclusionsThe current series presents a simple, reliable, and versatile modification of the traditional keystone flap that minimizes morbidity at the reconstruction site along with improvement of flap mobility for successful reconstruction of cutaneous defects in a tension‐free manner. The favorable outcome of this technique contributes to the inclusion of the rotation Hemi‐keystone flap as an excellent surgical option in the reconstruction of various soft tissue defects.
Quantifying Reduced‐Form Evidence on Collateral Constraints
Authors: CATHERINE SYLVAIN , CHANEY THOMAS , HUANG ZONGBO , SRAER DAVID , THESMAR DAVID 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper quantifies the aggregate effects of financing constraints. We start from a standard dynamic investment model with collateral constraints. In contrast to the existing quantitative literature, our estimation does not target the mean leverage ratio to identify the scope of financing frictions. Instead, we use a reduced‐form coefficient from the recent corporate finance literature that connects exogenous debt capacity shocks to corporate investment. Relative to a frictionless benchmark, collateral constraints induce losses of 7.1% for output and 1.4% for total factor productivity (TFP) (misallocation). We show these estimated losses tend to be more robust to misspecification than estimates obtained by targeting leverage.
Food Insecurity and Suicidal Behaviors Among US High School Students*
Authors: Brown Andrea D. , Seligman Hilary , Sliwa Sarah , Barnidge Ellen , Krupsky Kathryn L. , Demissie Zewditu , Liese Angela D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood insecurity (FI) rates in the United States are particularly high among households with children. This research set aims to analyze if high school students experiencing FI had higher risk for mental health and suicidal behaviors.METHODSUsing combined data from 11 states that conducted the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a total of 26,962 and 24,051 high school students were used to estimate race/ethnicity and sex‐stratified prevalence ratios (PRs) from Poisson regression models. A single‐question was used to measure the exposure of FI and outcomes of mental health and suicidal behaviors.RESULTSOverall, 10.8% of students reported FI. Students experiencing FI had increased risk for all mental health and suicide behavior outcomes, regardless of their race/ethnicity or sex. PRs ranged from 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]:1.8, 2.0) to 3.1 (CI: 2.7, 3.6). Among males, PRs for the association between FI and all outcomes were highest among non‐Hispanic black students (PRs ranged from 2.4 [CI: 1.7, 3.2] to 5.5 [CI: 2.3, 13.3]). Among females, PRs were highest among non‐Hispanic white students (PRs ranged from 1.9 [CI:1.7, 2.1] to 3.6 [CI:2.9, 4.5]).CONCLUSIONSFI is consistently associated with mental health and suicidal behaviors among different subgroups of students.
REM sleep and muscle atonia in brainstem stroke: A quantitative polysomnographic and lesion analysis study
Authors: Tellenbach Nathalie , Schmidt Markus H. , Alexiev Filip , Blondiaux Eva , Cavalloni Fabian , Bassetti Claudio L. , Heydrich Lukas , Bargiotas Panagiotis 
Published: May 2022

SummaryImportant brainstem regions are involved in the regulation of rapid eye movement sleep. We hypothesized that brainstem stroke is associated with dysregulated rapid eye movement sleep and related muscle activity. We compared quantitative/qualitative polysomnography features of rapid eye movement sleep and muscle activity (any, phasic, tonic) between 15 patients with brainstem stroke (N = 46 rapid eye movement periods), 16 patients with lacunar/non‐brainstem stroke (N = 40 rapid eye movement periods), 15 healthy controls (N = 62 rapid eye movement periods), and patients with Parkinson's disease and polysomnography‐confirmed rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Further, in the brainstem group, we performed a magnetic resonance imaging‐based lesion overlap analysis. The mean ratio of muscle activity to rapid eye movement sleep epoch in the brainstem group (“any” muscle activity 0.09 ± 0.15; phasic muscle activity 0.08 ± 0.14) was significantly lower than in the lacunar group (“any” muscle activity 0.17 ± 0.2, p < 0.05; phasic muscle activity 0.16 ± 0.19, p < 0.05), and also lower than in the control group (“any” muscle activity 0.15 ± 0.17, p < 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging‐based lesion analysis indicated an area of maximum overlap in the medioventral pontine region for patients with reduced phasic muscle activity index. For all groups, mean values of muscle activity were significantly lower than in the patients with Parkinson's disease and polysomnography‐confirmed REM sleep behaviour disorder group (“any” activity 0.51 ± 0.26, p < 0.0001 for all groups; phasic muscle activity 0.42 ± 0.21, p < 0.0001 for all groups). For the tonic muscle activity in the mentalis muscle, no significant differences were found between the groups.In the brainstem group, contrary to the lacunar and the control groups, “any” muscle activity index during rapid eye movement sleep was significantly reduced after the third rapid eye movement sleep phase.This study reports on the impact of brainstem stroke on rapid eye movement atonia features in a human cohort. Our findings highlight the important role of the human brainstem, in particular the medioventral pontine regions, in the regulation of phasic muscle activity during rapid eye movement sleep and the ultradian distribution of rapid eye movement‐related muscle activity.
Bacteriophage therapy of human-restricted Salmonella species—a study in a surrogate bacterial and animal model
Authors: Yadav V.B. , Nath G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Salmonella Typhi has been an important human-restricted pathogen from time immemorial, and unfortunately, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has induced the emergence of multidrug resistance in S. Typhi. Bacteriophage therapy may be a possible alternative in countering antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study was planned to assess the efficacy of bacteriophages in treating acute and chronic S. Typhimurium infection in the mouse as a surrogate model. We isolated bacteriophages against S. Typhimurium and selected three different bacteriophages for the in vivo experiments. The lethal dose of S. Typhimurium was decided for Swiss albino mice, and acute infection was developed. Further, bacteriophage therapy by daily intraperitoneal injection of phage cocktail was given for 14 days. While the chronic carrier state of S. Typhimurium in Swiss albino mice was developed by inoculating intraperitoneally sequential 10-fold increasing doses of the bacterium. On the successful establishment of carrier state, oral feeding of phage cocktail at a high count was given, which completely cured the carrier state within 7 days of feeding. These experiments confirmed that the phage cocktail could eradicate the S. Typhimurium from the mice in both types of infections, that is acute and chronic.
What inversion lengths can tell us about their evolution
Authors: Dagilis Andrius J. 
Published: May 2022

Genome structural differences, such as inversions, are extremely common between species and within populations. Theoretical models of how and why such inversions evolve have affirmed that they are able to evolve under both adaptive and nonadaptive scenarios (reviewed in Kirkpatrick, 2010). What has remained difficult, however, is distinguishing these scenarios from each other. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Connallon and Olito (2022) present a model that examines how adaptive and nonadaptive scenarios lead to different distributions of inversion sizes. The authors present several important predictions including an expectation that larger inversions should evolve under local adaptation scenarios and much smaller inversions should evolve when they are either underdominant or directly beneficial. Finally, the authors ask how the presence of deleterious mutations within populations affects the probability of fixing inversions of different types. The study is therefore an important step in synthesizing decades of inversion theory.
Excessive iodine in iodized household salt in Nepal
Authors: Giri Basant , Pandey Shishir , Shakya Sadiksha , Neupane Bhanu Bhakta , Kandel Krishna Prasad , Yadav Chandradip Kumar , Yadav Ram Prabodh , Neupane Bishnu Prasad , GC Rajendra Bahadur , Saud Prem Singh , Yonjan Meghraj 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIodine is an essential trace element required for the regulation of physiological processes involving the thyroid gland. However, inadequate and excessive intake of iodine are responsible for health problems, such as iodine deficiency disorders, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid papillary cancer, and thyrotoxicosis. The Universal Salt Iodization (USI) program has become successful in providing supplemental iodine at the population level globally. Packaging quality, fortification level, and transportation and storage conditions of iodized salt determine the availability of iodine. Previous studies have reported severe health issues caused by excessive iodine intake after the implementation of the USI program. To understand the levels of iodine, we collected 2117 household salt samples from seven districts of Nepal and tested them for iodine content; among them, 98.1% were iodized. Overall median concentration of iodine was 53.9 ppm (range: 43.5–61.4 ppm). The majority (67.2%) of samples had iodine in the range of 45–75 ppm. Approximately 0.9% of samples had inadequate, 13.3% contained adequate, and 83.9% had excessive iodine than the World Health Organization‐recommended value. Iodine content varied among the sampling districts and seasons, to some extent. Our study confirmed that iodized salt is widely used in Nepal and is excessively iodized. Excessive intake of iodine through iodized salt requires further attention by policy makers. The iodine level may need adjustment to address the health impact.