bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ShockModes:A Multimodal Model for Prognosticating Intensive Care Outcomes from Physician Notes and Vitals
Authors: Pal Ridam , Patel Shaswat , Bhatnagar Akshala , Garg Hardik , Singh Pradeep , Soun Ritesh Singh , Agarwal Aditya , Nagori Aditya , Khanna Ashish , Lodha Rakesh , Mathur Piyush , Sethi Tavpritesh 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveShock Index (SI) is widely used for prognosticating outcomes in ICU and emergency settings. We aimed to create a multi-modal early warning system (EWS) for development of abnormal shock index using routinely available vitals and clinical notes.Material and Methods17,294 ICU-stays in MIMIC-III data were scored for SI. A new episode of abnormal SI was defined as SI > 0.7 for >30 minutes AND preceded by >=24 hours of normal SI. ICU stays with <24 hours admission, or SI >0.7 within the first 24 hours of admission, or missing SI in >50% in the 24 hour early warning window were excluded, leaving a final cohort of 337 normal and 84 abnormal SI instances. 3117 features from vitals time-series combined with BERT-based features from clinical notes were used to train a battery of machine learning models. The best multimodal pipeline (ShockModes) was assessed for interpretability using SHAP features.ResultsVitals-based, notes-based and multi-modal classifiers achieved the best sensitivity of 0.81, 0.81, and 0.83 with corresponding specificity of 0.92, 0.99, and 0.94 respectively, thus demonstrating the potential ofShockModesfor early detection, while preventing false alarms. Global SHAP values revealed Fourier-features of heart rate and heparin sodium prophylaxis as top features. Sensitivity of early detection was highest in acute respiratory failure and chronic kidney disease patients.ConclusionThe multimodal, interpretable early warning systemShockModescan be used for prognosticating SI based outcomes in ICU and emergency settings.
Organ-Founder Stem Cells Mediate Post-Embryonic Neuromast Formation In Medaka
Authors: Gross Karen , Raif Tuğçe , Seleit Ali , Onistschenko Jasmin , Krämer Isabel , Centanin Lazaro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMammals display a species-specific number, size and location of organs exclusively built during embryogenesis. In fish and amphibians, however, organs must adapt to life-long growth either by expanding in size and/or increasing in number. Here we use neuromasts, small sensory organs that increase in number as fish grow in size, to explore organogenesis during post-embryonic stages. Using iterative imaging, we reveal that post-embryonic organogenesis in the medaka caudal-neuromast-cluster (CNC) is mediated byorgan-founderstem cells that delaminate from a functional neuromast.Organ-founderstem cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition as shown by molecular markers and cellular rearrangements. Chemokine signaling controls the dynamics oforgan-founderstem cell delamination, which occurs at a stereotypic position that endures experimental and genetic perturbations. 2-photon laser ablation experiments reveal that organ-founder stem cells are rapidly reconstituted and suggest that these do not constitute a pre-defined population but are rather specifiedin situ. Our findings contribute to better understanding physiological stem-cell mediated organogenesis, a growth strategy present in life-long growing vertebrates. We speculate that a similar strategy could operate in vertebrates with determined-size as a template for pathological conditions like metastasis, where cells detach from their original organ and expand remotely.
The Arabidopsis LHT1 amino acid transporter contributes toPseudomonas simiae-mediated plant-growth promotion by modulating bacterial metabolism in the rhizosphere
Authors: Agorsor Israel D. K. , Kagel Brian T. , Danna Cristian H. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe root microbiome structure ensures optimal plant-host health and fitness, and it is, at least in part, defined by the plant genotype. It is well-documented that root-secreted amino acids promote microbial chemotaxis and growth in the rhizosphere. However, whether the plant-mediated re-uptake of amino acids contributes to maintaining optimal levels of amino acids in the root exudates, and in turn, microbial growth and metabolism, remains to be established. Here we show that LHT1, an amino acid inward transporter expressed inArabidopsis thalianaroots, limits the growth of the plant-growth-promoting bacteriaPseudomonas simiaeWCS417r (PsWCS417r). Amino acid profiling of thelht1mutant root exudates showed increased levels of glutamine, among other amino acids. Interestingly,lht1exudates or Gln-supplemented wild-type exudates enhancePsWCS417r growth. However, despite promoting bacterial growth and robust root colonization,lht1exudates and Gln-supplemented wild-type exudates inhibited plant growth in aPsWCS417r-dependent manner. Transcriptional analysis of defense and growth marker genes revealed that plant growth inhibition was not linked to the elicitation of plant defense, but likely to the impact ofPsWCS417r amino acids metabolism on auxin signaling. These data suggest that an excess of amino acids in the rhizosphere impactsPsWCS417r metabolism which in turn inhibits plant growth. Together, these results unveil that LHT1 regulates the amino acid-mediated interaction between plants andPsWCS417r and suggest a complex relationship between root-exuded amino acids, root colonization by beneficial bacteria, bacterial metabolism, and plant growth promotion.
Laboratory evolution ofMycobacterium smegmatisin the presence of a fluoroquinolone leads to extreme drug resistance phenotype through the over-expression ofMsmeg_5659-61 efflux pump.
Authors: Rai Deepika , Padwal Priyanka , Purkayastha Priyanka , Mehra Sarika 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTResistance to multiple drugs is one of the significant barriers in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Knowledge of mechanisms of resistance is important to design effective treatment strategies. While mutations in genes coding for drug targets are thought to be the primary source of drug resistance, absence of mutations in these genes in many clinical strains suggests additional mechanisms of resistance. In this study, we employ adaptive laboratory evolution ofMycobacterium smegmatisto understand alternate mechanisms of drug resistance to norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone (FQ). Results show that, in addition to fluoroquinolones, the evolved strain, Norr, is resistant to first-line drugs, rifampicin and isoniazid, and a second-line drug (amikacin), exhibiting extreme drug resistance phenotype. However, mutations were absent in any of the drug target genes. Drug uptake studies revealed that resistance is an attribute of decreased intracellular accumulation, primarily due to increased efflux. Further, drug transport kinetics demonstrate the involvement of efflux mediated resistance, which was found to be reversed in the presence of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). Gene transcript analysis suggests differential upregulation of multiple efflux pumps across the genome of the mutant. Overexpression of one of the upregulated efflux pumpsMsmeg_5659-5661, partially explains the XDR phenotype of the mutant, while also suggesting that the contribution of other efflux pumps is significant. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Norrreveals that a mutation insoxR, a transcriptional regulator, could be responsible for the upregulation of theMsmeg_5659-5661 efflux pump by direct regulation, and other efflux pumps via indirect regulation. Thus, the present work demonstrates that high resistance to multiple drugs can arise even when theMycobacteriumwas subjected to a single selection pressure. Further, alterations in drug transport is an important mechanism that leads to resistance to multiple drugs simultaneously.
A Novel Mouse Model of Chronic Primary Pain Conditions that Integrates Clinically Relevant Genetic and Environmental Factors
Authors: Wang Yaomin , Kim Shin Hyung , Klein Marguerita E , Chen Jiegen , Gu Elizabeth , Smith Shad B. , Bortsov Andrey , Slade Gary D , Zhang Xin , Nackley Andrea G 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChronic primary pain conditions (CPPCs) affect over 100 million people, predominantly women. Yet, they remain ineffectively treated due, in large part, to lack of valid animal models with translational relevance. Here, we characterized a novel mouse model of CPPCs that integrated clinically-relevant genetic (catechol-o-methyltransferase; COMT knockdown) and environmental (stress and minor injury) factors. Compared to wildtype mice, COMT+/- mice undergoing the repeated swim stress and molar extraction surgery intervention exhibited pronounced multi-site body pain and depressive-like behavior lasting more than 3 months. The COMT+/- mice undergoing the intervention also exhibited enhanced activity of primary afferent DRG nociceptors innervating hindpaw and back sites and increased plasma levels of norepinephrine and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17A. Notably, the pain and depressive-like behavior was of greater magnitude and longer duration (lasting at least 12 months) in females compared to males. Further, increases in anxiety-like behavior and IL-6 levels were female-specific. Intervention-induced body pain and nociception in COMT+/- mice was blocked by a beta-3 adrenergic antagonist, demonstrating predictive validity. Finally, the effect of COMT genotype x stress interactions on pain and IL-6 and IL-17A levels was observed in our clinical CPPC case-control cohort, demonstrating construct validity. Thus, our novel mouse model reliably recapitulates clinically- and biologically-relevant features of CPPCs and can be further implemented to test underlying mechanisms and discover new therapeutics.One Sentence SummaryWe developed a novel mouse model of chronic primary pain conditions that shares similar genetic, biologic, and clinical features of patients.
Modelling the impact of disease outbreaks on the international crude oil supply chain using Random Forest regression
Authors: Athaudage Ganisha N.P. , Perera H. Niles , Sugathadasa P.T. Ranil S. , De Silva M. Mavin , Herath Oshadhi K. 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe crude oil supply chain (COSC) is one of the most complex and largest supply chains in the world. It is easily vulnerable to extreme events. Recently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (often known as COVID-19) pandemic created a massive imbalance between supply and demand which caused significant price fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to explore the influential factors affecting the international COSC in terms of consumption, production and price. Furthermore, it develops a model to predict the international crude oil price during disease outbreaks using Random Forest (RF) regression.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A qualitative study is conducted using a literature review to explore the influential factors on COSC. All the data are extracted from Web sources. In addition to COVID-19, four other diseases are considered to optimize the accuracy of predictive results. A principal component analysis is deployed to reduce the number of variables. A forecasting model is developed using RF regression.FindingsThe findings of the qualitative analysis characterize the factors that influence international COSC. The findings of quantitative analysis emphasize that production and consumption have a higher contribution to the variance of the data set. Also, this study found that the impact caused to crude oil price varies with the region. Most importantly, the model introduced using the RF technique provides a high predictive ability in short horizons such as infectious diseases. This study delivers future directions and insights to researchers and practitioners to expand the study further.Originality/valueThis is one of the few available pieces of research which uses the RF method in the context of crude oil price forecasting. Additionally, this study examines international COSC in the events of emergencies, specifically disease outbreaks using machine learning techniques.
The impact of the prospect theory value on the relationship between liquidity risk and returns
Authors: Hosseinpour Hamzeh , Khodamipour Ahmad , Pourheidari Omid 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between return and liquidity risk and the impact of the prospect theory value (PTV) as a moderator variable on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
The statistical population of this study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2006–2019. In this research, the portfolio construction method and alpha analysis of the factor models and the cross-sectional regression of Fama and Macbeth have been used to analyze the data.

Findings
The results obtained through the portfolio construction method and the cross-sectional regression of Fama and Macbeth show that there is no significant relationship between return and Amihud (2002) criterion (ILLIQ) as liquidity risk. The PTV also does not affect this relationship, but there is a positive and significant relationship between returns and the turnover ratio (TOR) as liquidity risk. In other words, the lower the TOR (higher liquidity risk), the lower the return. On the other hand, the results showed that the PTV affects this relationship.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effect of the PTV on the relationship between return and liquidity risk. It is expected that the results of this study can help investors explain returns better through a deeper understanding of the behavior of investors and their decision-making methods. In other words, by examining the PTV as a proxy for behavioral dimension, we can understand that the relationship between return and liquidity risk can be affected by other dimensions like PTV, so when evaluating risk and return, other influential factors should also be considered.
Implementing biodiversity reporting: insights from the case of the largest dairy company in China
Authors: Sun Yanqi , Lange Yvette 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study aims to explore the biodiversity reporting by the largest dairy company in China (the Yili Group). The authors use signalling theory, legitimacy theory, institutional theory and stakeholder theory to understand the Yili Group’s motivations to report biodiversity disclosures.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses content analysis, guided by a biodiversity disclosure index, to explore and investigate the disclosure themes and tone for the stand-alone Yili Group biodiversity reports for the period 2017–2019. The content analysis is supplemented by a selection of interviews used to obtain additional insights into the Yili Group’s biodiversity reporting.FindingsA gradual improvement is noted in the Yili Group’s biodiversity reporting over time, while the need for improvement remains as the Yili Group matures in its reporting. The company tends to report symbolic disclosures rather than substantive ones and is motivated more by external pressures and/or incentives than by morality and/or stakeholder accountability: this pushes the company towards more dominant symbolic biodiversity disclosure practices.Practical implicationsFindings are particularly relevant to the management of Chinese companies planning to publish biodiversity reports or enhance biodiversity disclosure practices as they draw attention to specific aspects of biodiversity reporting which require improvement. Improvements in biodiversity reporting provide a signal that such reporting is maturing and that organizations are recognizing the need for managing their biodiversity impact.Social implicationsGiven that the Yili Group is a pioneer among Chinese firms in publishing biodiversity reports, this paper suggests other companies’ imitation of the Yili Group and helps promote the diffusion of biodiversity reporting in China. In addition, this paper provides a basis for a call for Chinese companies to strengthen their awareness and accountability regarding biodiversity and the conservation thereof.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to explore biodiversity reporting and disclosure in a China-based organization. While the study deals with one company, the findings are broadly applicable for other organizations seeking to undertake biodiversity accounting and reporting. Considering that biodiversity accounting is a research area which is still under-investigated, this paper aims to respond to the call of Jones and Solomon (2013) for pushing the boundaries in biodiversity accounting.
Effet du changement climatique sur la production vivriere au Togo
Authors: Balaka Manamboba Mitélama , Yovo Koffi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of climatic variables on food crop yields at the prefectural level from 1996 to 2016 in Togo. Using the panel‐corrected standard errors method and panel data from departments in charge of agricultural statistics and meteorology, the results show that meteorological variables have various effects on food crops yields, but the negative effects are dominant. In addition, adaptation strategies through agricultural land reallocation have not enabled farmers to improve food crops yields. There is an urgent need for public authorities to implement actions to strengthen farmers’ resilience through practice adoption and cultural innovations for adaptation to climate change.
Impact of art and reflective practice on medical education in the emergency department
Authors: Kovach Nicole , Dix Samantha , Brand Gabrielle , Siddiqui Zarrin S , Celenza Antonio , Fatovich Daniel M , Innes Kelli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is heightened intrigue surrounding the application of arts‐based pedagogy in medical education. Art encompasses multiple forms of expression and is used to convey specific meaning and emotion, whereas provoking critical reflection. Our aim was to explore the effectiveness of art and reflective practice in medical education, in the context of the ED.MethodsLongitudinal methodological study design. Prior to the first, and after the final clinical practicum, medical students watched a 3‐min film: ‘The Art of the ED’. Written reflections focused on changing perceptions towards the film during their medical education programme. Data were thematically analysed.ResultsThree themes were collected from 25 written reflections and included: ‘professional growth’ exploring personal and professional development across the medical programme; seeing ‘patients are people’; and the purpose, structure and function of an ED exposed in ‘the reality of ED’. Results highlight that arts‐based pedagogy can facilitate meaningful and critical reflection in medical students, whereas also fostering professionalism. Reflecting on the film broadened their perspective into a realm of new possibilities, challenging them to identify implicit bias around ED, and promote professional identity formation.ConclusionsThe combination of art and reflection in medical education enhances reflective learning and can lead to transformative change, including the development of core doctoring values of service, empathy and respect for patient. There are clear benefits to medical education incorporating more arts‐based pedagogy that promotes reflective exploration and interpretation of the psychosocial context of health and illness, delivery of more holistic models of care and their role as doctors.
Factors associated with treatment limitations in two Swedish intensive care units: Prevalence and patient involvement
Authors: Jönsson Nino , Pettersson Niklas , Asplund Peter , Bremer Anders , Lehtipalo Stefan , Hessulf Fredrik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim was to study the prevalence, documentation, and patient involvement in treatment limitations (TLs) in two Swedish intensive care units (ICUs). All patients admitted to the ICUs of two Swedish regional hospitals in 2019 were screened for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included postanesthesia care <24 h. Patients were identified using the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR) and data were extracted from SIR and hospital charts. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic analysis was performed to investigate associations with the presence of TLs. A total of 3090 patients were admitted to the two ICUs in 2019. After exclusion, 1019 patients were included in the study. 45.5% were women and the mean age was 62.9 years. 26.5% of the patients had one or several TLs. Age (OR 1.04 per one year increase 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.05), SAPS3‐score (OR 1.08 per one unit increase 95% CI 1.06–1.09) and ICU length of stay (OR 1.11 per one day increase 95% CI 1.05–1.17) were independently associated with an increased likelihood of receiving a TL. 17% of the patients were involved in the decision‐making process and in >30% of cases neither the patient nor next‐of‐kin were informed. Women were to a larger extent involved in the decision process than men (24.5 vs. 12.5% p < .05). When the intensivist documented why a TL was established, patient autonomy was four times more commonly stated as the motivation for the TL among women compared to men (15.5% vs. 3.8% p < .05). TLs were common in two Swedish ICUs but a substantial number of patients and next‐of‐kin were not involved in the decision‐making process or informed of the decision. Women were more often than men engaged in the decision to establish a TL.
Prevalence and correlates of alcohol‐induced blackout in a diverse sample of veterans
Authors: Miller Mary Beth , Freeman Lindsey K. , Aranda Amaya , Shoemaker Sydney , Sisk Delaney , Rubi Sofia , Everson Adam T. , Flores Lisa Y. , Williams Michael S. , Dorimé‐Williams Marjorie L. , McCrae Christina S. , Borsari Brian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol‐induced blackouts have been associated concurrently and prospectively with alcohol‐related harm. Although rates of heavy drinking among military samples tend to be comparable or higher than rates among civilian samples, the prevalence and correlates of blackout in the military population are understudied.MethodsVeterans (N = 241, 29% female, 39% Black) reported on their alcohol consumption and mental health as part of a larger health‐related study among veterans. In this secondary analysis, we tested theoretically and empirically informed predictors (gender, drinking quantity, and other drug use) and consequences [depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] of alcohol‐induced blackout. Given the diversity of the sample, potential roles of racial/ethnic discrimination and drinking to cope in alcohol‐induced blackout were also tested.ResultsPast‐year prevalence of alcohol‐induced blackout was 53% among veterans who drank alcohol and 68% among those who screened positive for hazardous drinking. Everyday experience of racial discrimination was the strongest concurrent predictor of alcohol‐induced blackout. Drinking quantity and use of other drugs were significant correlates only in bivariate models. Controlling for gender, race, drinking quantity, other drug use, and discrimination, blackout frequency was significantly associated with symptoms of depression, but not symptoms of PTSD. Both blackout and racial discrimination were associated with drinking to cope.ConclusionsThe prevalence and correlates of alcohol‐induced blackout among veterans are largely consistent with those documented in civilian and young adult populations. Among racially diverse groups, racial discrimination may be more strongly associated with mental health symptoms than alcohol consumption or acute alcohol consequences such as blackout.