bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Vaping Prevention Advertisements on US Adolescents
Authors: Noar Seth M. , Gottfredson Nisha C. , Kieu Talia , Rohde Jacob A. , Hall Marissa G. , Ma Haijing , Fendinger Nicholas J. , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceUnderstanding whether prevention advertisements reduce susceptibility to vaping is important owing to concerning levels of adolescent vaping.ObjectiveTo examine whether vaping prevention advertisements from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) national Real Cost campaign lead to lower susceptibility to vaping among adolescents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this 3-group randomized clinical trial with parallel assignment, participants were US adolescents aged 13 to 17 years who were susceptible to vaping or current e-cigarette users, recruited from online panels. Adolescents were randomized to 1 of 2 Real Cost vaping prevention trial groups (health harms– or addiction-themed advertisements) or to a control group (investigator-created neutral videos about vaping). Adolescents completed 4 weekly online surveys at visits 1 to 4 over a 3-week period. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2021, to August 25, 2022.InterventionsAdolescents saw 3 randomly ordered 30-second video advertisements online at each of 3 weekly study visits (visits 1, 2, and 3).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary trial outcome was susceptibility to vaping. Surveys also assessed susceptibility to smoking cigarettes to examine any spillover effects of vaping prevention advertisements on smoking outcomes. Both susceptibility measures had 3 items and ranged from 1 (indicating not susceptible) to 4 (indicating highly susceptible). The primary analyses compared Real Cost groups (combined) with the control group, while exploratory analyses compared the Real Cost groups with each other.ResultsParticipants were 1514 adolescents (1140 [75.3%] boys; mean [SD] age, 15.22 [1.18] years), including 504 randomized to the Real Cost health harms group, 506 randomized to the Real Cost addiction group, and 504 randomized to the control group. Adolescents in the Real Cost groups (combined) had lower susceptibility to vaping at visit 4 than those in the control group (b = −0.21; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.10). The Real Cost groups did not differ from one another on susceptibility to vaping (visit 4: b = −0.05; 95% CI, −0.17 to 0.07). Adolescents in the Real Cost groups (combined) also had lower susceptibility to smoking cigarettes than those in the control group (b = −0.21; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.10). For both vaping and smoking, Real Cost groups had less positive attitudes (vaping: b = −0.27; 95% CI, −0.40 to −0.14; smoking: b = −0.23; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.08) compared with the control group.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that vaping prevention advertisements from the FDA Real Cost campaign led to lower adolescent susceptibility to vaping and had beneficial spillover effects on cigarette smoking outcomes. Tobacco prevention campaigns can help reduce youth tobacco use.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04836455
Comparison of Quality Measures From US Hospitals With Physician vs Nonphysician Chief Executive Officers
Authors: See Helen , Shreve Lacey , Hartzell Sarah , Daniel Sarah , Slonim Anthony D. 
Published: October 2022

ImportancePatient experience and patient safety are 2 major domains of health care quality; however empirical data on the association of physician vs nonphysician chief executive officers (CEOs) with public and private quality measures are rare but critical to evaluate as hospitals increasingly seek out physician CEOs.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether there is an association of CEO background with hospital quality and to investigate differences in hospital characteristics between hospitals with a physician CEO vs those with a nonphysician CEO.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used 2019 data from 3 sources (ie, the American Hospital Association [AHA] Annual Survey, the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems [HCAHPS], and the Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grades) to identify statistical differences in hospital characteristics and outcomes. Data were analyzed from April to December 2021	.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to examine the association of physician CEOs with hospital quality assessment outcomes while controlling for other confounding factors. Characteristics from the AHA Annual Survey database were assessed as potential confounders, including hospital control, bed size, region, teaching status, and patient volume.ResultsThe AHA database contained 6162 hospitals; 1759 (29%) had HCAHPS ratings, 1824 (30%) had Leapfrog grades, and 383 (6%) had physician CEOs. A positive Spearman correlation coefficient was found between physician CEOs and HCAHPS patient willingness to recommend the hospital (ρ = 0.0756; P = .002), but the association between CEO medical background and Leapfrog safety grades or HCAHPS ratings did not reach a level of significance in the multivariable ordinal logistic regression models.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, a positive correlation was found between physician CEOs and HCAHPS patient willingness to recommend the hospital, but the multivariable analysis did not find an association between hospital physician CEOs and the examined quality and safety outcomes.
Incidence of Cutaneous Adverse Events With Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Inhibitors as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Jfri Abdulhadi , Meltzer Rachel , Mostaghimi Arash , LeBoeuf Nicole , Guggina Lauren 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThe phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is among the most frequently activated pathways in human cancers. As the use of PI3K inhibitors for cancer treatment grows, there is increasing need for understanding the cutaneous effects associated with these therapies.ObjectiveTo systematically review the published literature reporting incidence of cutaneous adverse events with PI3K inhibitors and to provide pooled incidence estimates using meta-analysis.Data SourcesThis systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. The literature search concerned entries through September 2021 in the following sources: PubMed, Cochrane registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, and evidence from the NHS UK and Trip medical database. To analyze PI3K inhibitors’ cutaneous adverse events incidence, only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were considered. The search strategy used the following keywords: (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) and (phosphoinositide 3 kinase inhibitors OR PI3K inhibitors). No language restriction was applied. Analysis was conducted on July 1, 2022.Study SelectionStudies included phase 2 and phase 3 RCTs that reported incidence of cutaneous adverse events associated with use of PI3K inhibitors.Data Extraction and MeasuresData extracted included sex, medication name and class, sample size, rash incidence, and grade. The bias risk was assessed by the Cochrane tool for risk of bias assessment in RCTs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was incidence of PI3K inhibitor cutaneous adverse events among the overall population and among subgroups. Effect sizes were calculated as odds ratios (ORs), with Peto ORs used to calculate outcome of incidence of severe. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.ResultsThe analysis found the incidence of PI3K inhibitor cutaneous events of any grade to be 29.30% in the intervention group, translating to a pooled odds ratio (OR) for incidence of cutaneous adverse events of any grades of 2.55 (95% CI, 1.74-3.75). Incidence of severe grade (grade ≥3) of rash in the intervention group was estimated to be 3.41%, yielding a pooled Peto OR of 6.36 (95% CI, 4.58- 8.83). Subgroup analyses revealed that the incidence of severe cutaneous adverse events (grade ≥3) was did not differ between classes of PI3K inhibitors.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis identified an overall incidence of PI3K inhibitor cutaneous adverse events of any grade to be 29.30% with a pooled OR of 2.55; (95% CI, 1.74-3.75). These findings clarify the risk of cutaneous adverse events associated with this important class of anticancer therapies.
Association of Changes in Cancer Therapy Over 3 Decades With Risk of Subsequent Breast Cancer Among Female Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Henderson Tara O. , Liu Qi , Turcotte Lucie M. , Neglia Joseph P. , Leisenring Wendy , Hodgson David , Diller Lisa , Kenney Lisa , Morton Lindsay , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Arnold Michael , Bhatia Smita , Howell Rebecca M. , Smith Susan A. , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Yasui Yutaka , Moskowitz Chaya S. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceBreast cancer is the most common invasive subsequent malignant disease in childhood cancer survivors, though limited data exist on changes in breast cancer rates as primary cancer treatments have evolved.ObjectiveTo quantify the association between temporal changes in cancer treatment over 3 decades and subsequent breast cancer risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study of 5-year cancer survivors diagnosed when younger than 21 years between 1970 and 1999, with follow-up through December 5, 2020.ExposuresRadiation and chemotherapy dose changes over time.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBreast cancer cumulative incidence rates and age-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) compared across treatment decades (1970-1999). Piecewise exponential models estimated invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) risk and associations with treatment exposures, adjusted for age at childhood cancer diagnosis and attained age.ResultsAmong 11 550 female survivors (median age, 34.2 years; range 5.6-66.8 years), 489 developed 583 breast cancers: 427 invasive, 156 DCIS. Cumulative incidence was 8.1% (95% CI, 7.3%-9.0%) by age 45 years. An increased breast cancer risk (SIR, 6.6; 95% CI, 6.1-7.2) was observed for survivors compared with the age-sex-calendar-year-matched general population. Changes in therapy by decade included reduced rates of chest (34% in the 1970s, 22% in the 1980s, and 17% in the 1990s) and pelvic radiotherapy (26%, 17%, and 13% respectively) and increased rates of anthracycline chemotherapy exposures (30%, 51%, and 64%, respectively). Adjusting for age and age at diagnosis, the invasive breast cancer rate decreased 18% every 5 years of primary cancer diagnosis era (rate ratio [RR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.90). When accounting for chest radiotherapy exposure, the decline attenuated to an 11% decrease every 5 years (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99). When additionally adjusted for anthracycline dose and pelvic radiotherapy, the decline every 5 years increased to 14% (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.96). Although SIRs of DCIS generally increased over time, there were no statistically significant changes in incidence.Conclusions and RelevanceInvasive breast cancer rates in childhood cancer survivors have declined with time, especially in those younger than 40 years. This appears largely associated with the reduced use of chest radiation therapy, but was tempered by concurrent changes in other therapies.
Trends and Characteristics of Industry Payments for Ophthalmology Research From 2014 to 2020
Authors: Kalva Praneeth , Kakkilaya Akash , Mekala Priya , Cavdar Irina Kim , Patel Monica , Kooner Karanjit S. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceCharacterizing industry-ophthalmology collaborations in research can highlight current areas of focus, improve transparency, and identify potential sources for conflicts of interest.ObjectiveTo assess the trends and characteristics in research payments reported from industry to ophthalmologists from 2014 to 2020.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Centers of Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services’ Open Payments database (OPD), which contains public records of payments between industry and physicians, to identify all ophthalmologists who received industry payments for research purposes between 2014 and 2020. Industry funding was compared with public research funding by the National Eye Institute.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe value and distribution of payments, sponsoring manufacturers, and research products were assessed. Changes in aggregate and per individual-level funding were characterized using formal trend analysis.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2020, 2102 ophthalmologists were reported to have received $825 417 233 in industry research payments. Industry funding increased 203% from $62 924 525 in 2014 to $190 714 508 in 2020 (P = .01). Comparatively, total National Eye Institute research funding during the same period was $5 003 407 764 and increased 6.6% from $701 313 262 in 2014 to $747 929 556 in 2020 (P = .04). The share of all medical research funding from industry directed specifically toward ophthalmology research increased from 1.2% in 2014 to 3.2% in 2020 (P = .04). The distribution of industry payments was skewed, with the top 15 of 108 manufacturers accounting for 93.9% of funding. The top 10% of ophthalmologists (210) were reported to have received 65.7% of all research dollars ($542 299 121). The highest funded research products were anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents, glaucoma treatments, and intraocular lenses.Conclusions and RelevanceAlthough unequal in distribution, industry-funded research in ophthalmology is extensive and increasing in scope. Industry funding for research is less than that of public funding; however, industry funding increased faster between 2014 and 2020. Results of this study highlight the increasing importance of industry funding in ophthalmology research, but it may also present ethical challenges for clinicians collaborating with industry.
Nanoengineered Textiles for Outdoor Personal Cooling and Drying
Authors: Miao Dongyang , Wang Xianfeng , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOwing to global temperature increases and frequent extreme weather events, outdoor personal comfort is becoming more critical to human health and sustainable development. Nanoengineered textiles for highly efficient outdoor personal cooling and drying have been rapidly developing in academia and industry over the past decades. Herein, the recent nanoengineered textile advancements, which allow effective and energy‐free personal cooling and drying in various outdoor environments, are reviewed. The techniques used for nanoengineered textiles, including nanoporous coating/laminating, direct nanofiber spinning, and nanomaterial coating/embedding, are comprehensively discussed. The detailed heat dissipation and water transport mechanisms are analyzed to provide insights into the synergistic effect of the personal cooling and drying processes, which can create a comfortable microenvironment for the human body. This review highlights the existing gaps in the practical applications and the perspectives on future developments to motivate the development of next‐generation nanoengineered textiles. This review of nanoengineered textiles for outdoor personal cooling and drying will further promote the improvement of outdoor space living quality and labor productivity, conducive to satisfying the increasing demands for health, safety, and sustainability.
Calcium Hydride‐Based Dressing to Promote Wound Healing
Authors: Gong Fei , Yang Nailin , Xu Jiachen , Yang Xiaoyuan , Wei Kailu , Hou Linqian , Liu Bo , Zhao He , Liu Zhuang , Cheng Liang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWound microenvironment with excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) can significantly inhibit wound healing. Encouraged by hydrogen molecules (H2) with effective ROS scavenging and calcium hydride (CaH2) with sufficient H2 supply, the authors for the first time employed CaH2 as a therapeutic H2 donor and starch as a diluent to construct CaH2 pulvis dressing for wound healing treatment. It has been found that CaH2 by generating H2 exhibited excellent ROS scavenging performance, favorable for preserving the oxidative‐stress‐induced cell death. After being applied onto the skin wound, the CaH2 pulvis dressing with the unique ROS‐scavenging ability can accelerate skin wound healing in healthy/diabetic mice (small animal models) and Bama mini‐pigs (large animal model). Such CaH2 dressing can release H2 to relieve the inflammation levels, decrease the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, increase the infiltration of inflammation‐suppressive immune cells, and promote the regeneration of new blood vessels and collagens, thereby accelerating wound healing. This work highlighted that the integration of anti‐oxidation and anti‐inflammation functions based on CaH2 dressing endowed it with a promising possibility for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
A Conductive Bioengineered Cardiac Patch for Myocardial Infarction Treatment by Improving Tissue Electrical Integrity
Authors: Yin Qi , Zhu Ping , Liu Wei , Gao Zhongbao , Zhao Luming , Wang Chunlan , Li Siwei , Zhu Miaomiao , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xiao , Wang Changyong , Zhou Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConductive scaffolds are of great value for constructing functional myocardial tissues and promoting tissue reconstruction in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Here, a novel scaffold composed of silk fibroin and polypyrrole (SP50) with a typical sponge‐like porous structure and electrical conductivity similar to the native myocardium is developed. An electroactive engineered cardiac patch (SP50 ECP) with a certain thickness is constructed by applying electrical stimulation (ES) to the cardiomyocytes (CMs) on the scaffold. SP50 ECP can significantly express cardiac marker protein (α‐actinin, Cx‐43, and cTnT) and has better contractility and electrical coupling performance. Following in vivo transplantation, SP50 ECP shows a notable therapeutic effect in repairing infarcted myocardium. Not only can SP50 ECP effectively improves left ventricular remodeling and restore cardiac functions, such as ejection function (EF), but more importantly, improves the propagation of electrical pulses and promote the synchronous contraction of CMs in the scar area with normal myocardium, effectively reducing the susceptibility of MI rats to arrhythmias. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a facile approach to constructing electroactive ECPs based on porous conductive scaffolds and proves the therapeutic effects of ECPs in repairing the infarcted heart, which may represent a promising strategy for MI treatment.
Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of Indium–Zirconium Oxide in the Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Region
Authors: Ghobadi Hosein , Smirnov Yury , Korterik Jeroen P. , Alvarez‐Chavez Jose A. , Offerhaus Herman L. , Morales‐Masis Monica , De Leon Israel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransparent conducting oxides (TCOs) exhibit interesting linear and nonlinear optical properties in their epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) region. Studies so far have mostly focused on exploring the optical response of a limited number of these materials. It is therefore important to investigate new TCOs that could offer improved ENZ properties. This work reports for the first time measurements of the linear and nonlinear optical responses of polycrystalline indium‐zirconium oxide (IZrO) in the ENZ spectral region. The fabricated IZrO films exhibit high optical mobility (>60 cm2 V‐1 s‐1) and a broadening of the ENZ region due to a graded permittivity along the thickness, as suggested by spectroscopic ellipsometry. This in turn leads to a broadband nonlinear response with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum bandwidth as large as ≈260 nm, covering the entire spectral range of the C, L, and U optical telecommunication bands. This work introduces IZrO as a new, promising TCO that could be used for ultrafast and broadband modulation of light in the telecommunication region of the spectrum.
Disclosing Polycyclic Heterocycles: Synthesis of Furothienopyran and Pyranothienopyran Derivatives by Palladium Iodide Catalyzed Carbonylative Double Cyclization
Authors: Mancuso Raffaella , Russo Patrizio , Lettieri Melania , Santandrea Domenico , Cuocci Corrado , Gabriele Bartolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolycyclic heterocyclic derivatives have been synthesized in one step by a carbonylative double cyclization approach starting from readily available starting materials. The method is based on a regioselective 6‐endo‐dig heterocyclization – cyclocarbonylation sequence catalyzed by the PdI2/KI catalytic system under oxidative conditions, with CO (5–10 atm) as the carbonylating agent and O2 (from air, 35–70 atm) as the external oxidant and formation of water as benign coproduct. Starting from thiophenecarboxylic acids bearing an ω‐hydroxyalkynyl substituent in vicinal position, previously unknown 1H‐furo[3,4‐b]thieno[3,2‐d]pyran‐1,5(3H)‐diones, 4H‐furo[3,4‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]pyran‐4,8(6H)‐diones, 3,4‐dihydro‐1H,6H‐pyrano[4,3‐b]thieno[3,2‐d]pyran‐1,6‐diones, and 6,7‐dihydro‐4H,9H‐pyrano[4,3‐b]thieno[2,3‐d]pyran‐4,9‐diones were obtained in 45–86% yields over 21 examples. The structures of two representative products have been confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis.magnified image
Mapping the Function of Whole‐Brain Projection at the Single Neuron Level
Authors: Zhou Wei , Ke Shanshan , Li Wenwei , Yuan Jing , Li Xiangning , Jin Rui , Jia Xueyan , Jiang Tao , Dai Zimin , He Guannan , Fang Zhiwei , Shi Liang , Zhang Qi , Gong Hui , Luo Qingming , Sun Wenzhi , Li Anan , Li Pengcheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAxonal projection conveys neural information. The divergent and diverse projections of individual neurons imply the complexity of information flow. It is necessary to investigate the relationship between the projection and functional information at the single neuron level for understanding the rules of neural circuit assembly, but a gap remains due to a lack of methods to map the function to whole‐brain projection. Here an approach is developed to bridge two‐photon calcium imaging in vivo with high‐resolution whole‐brain imaging based on sparse labeling with the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6. Reliable whole‐brain projections are captured by the high‐definition fluorescent micro‐optical sectioning tomography (HD‐fMOST). A cross‐modality cell matching is performed and the functional annotation of whole‐brain projection at the single‐neuron level (FAWPS) is obtained. Applying it to the layer 2/3 (L2/3) neurons in mouse visual cortex, the relationship is investigated between functional preferences and axonal projection features. The functional preference of projection motifs and the correlation between axonal length in MOs and neuronal orientation selectivity, suggest that projection motif‐defined neurons form a functionally specific information flow, and the projection strength in specific targets relates to the information clarity. This pipeline provides a new way to understand the principle of neuronal information transmission.
Mechanically Tuned Thermopower of Single‐Molecule Junctions
Authors: Fujii Shintaro , Montes Enrique , Cho Haruna , Yue Yi , Koike Masaaki , Nishino Tomoaki , Vázquez Héctor , Kiguchi Manabu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the tuning of the thermopower with single‐molecule junctions of fullerene (C60), 4,4′‐bipyridine (BPY), and p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)‐based break junction technique is demonstrated. Single‐molecule junctions are prepared in a nanogap between a Au‐STM tip and a Au(111) electrode. Upon applying a temperature difference across the junction, a thermoelectric voltage is generated across it. By mechanically controlling the tip–electrode separation distance, the thermoelectric voltage of the junction is tuned. The absolute value of the thermopower decreases with decreasing tip–electrode separation distance for BPY and PPD, while it increases for C60. Atomistic simulations of the junction illustrate how this arises from shifts in the conduction orbital energies induced by the mechanical compression of the junctions.