bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-annual persistence of canopy fungi driven by abundance despite high spatial turnover
Authors: Cook Kel , Taylor Andrew D. , Sharma Jyotsna , Taylor D. Lee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While it is now well established that fungal community composition varies spatially at a variety of scales, temporal turnover of fungi is less well understood. Here we studied inter-annual community compositional changes of fungi in a rainforest tree canopy environment. We tracked fungal community shifts over three years in three substrate types (live bryophytes, dead bryophytes, and host tree bark) and compared these changes to amounts of community turnover seen at small spatial scales in the same system. The effect of substrate type on fungal community composition was stronger than that of sampling year, which was very small but significant. Although levels of temporal turnover varied among substrates, with greater turnover in live bryophytes than other substrates, the amount of turnover from year to year was comparable to what is seen at spatial distances between five and nine centimeters for the same substrate. Community stability was largely driven by a few fungi with high relative abundances. A majority of fungal occurrences were at low relative abundances (< 0.1%). These fungi tended to be short lived and persisted to following years ≤ 50% of the time, depending on substrate. Their presence and persistence is likely impacted by stochastic processes like dispersal limitation and disturbance. Most samples contained only one or a few fungi at high relative abundance (≥ 10%) that persisted half or more of the time. These more abundant and persistent fungi are expected to have sustained functional interactions within the canopy ecosystem.
Machine learning models in Heart Rate Variability based mental fatigue prediction: training on heterogeneous data to obtain robust models
Authors: Matuz András , Linden Dimitri Van der , Darnai Gergely , Csathó Árpád 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Prolonged period of cognitive performance often leads to mental fatigue, a psychobiological state that increases the risk of injury and accidents. Previous studies trained machine learning algorithms on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) data to detect fatigue in order to prevent its consequences. However, the results of these studies can hardly be generalized due to methodological issues including the use of only one type of cognitive task to induce fatigue that potentially leads to task-specific predictions. In this study, we combined the datasets of three experiments each applying different cognitive tasks for fatigue induction to train algorithms that detect fatigue and predict its severity. We also tested different time window lengths and compared algorithms trained on resting and task-related data. We found that classification performance was best when the support vector classifier was trained on task-related HRV calculated for 5-minutes time window (AUC = .843, accuracy = .761). For the prediction of fatigue severity, elastic net regression showed the best performance when trained on 4-min HRV data and self-reported measures (R2 = .224, RMSE = 17.114). These results indicate that both detection and prediction of fatigue based on HRV are effective when machine learning models are trained on heterogeneous, multi-task datasets.
Ocular Morphologic Traits in the American Cocker Spaniel May Confer Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma Susceptibility
Authors: Park Sangwan , Casanova M. Isabel , Bannasch Danika L. , Daley Nicole L. , Kim Soohyun , Kuchtey John , Gomes Filipe Espinheira , Leonard Brian C. , Good Kathryn L. , Martins Bianca da C. , Murphy Christopher J. , Thomasy Sara M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Acute primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a potentially blinding ophthalmic emergency requiring prompt treatment to lower the elevated intraocular pressure in humans and dogs. Canine PACG is epidemiologically similar to humans with older and female patients overrepresented with the condition. The American Cocker Spaniel (ACS) is the most common breed observed with PACG development in dogs. This study initially sought to identify genetic risk factors to explain the high prevalence of PACG in ACSs by using a case-control breed-matched genome-wide association study (GWAS). However, the GWAS failed to identify candidate loci associated with PACG in this breed. This study then assessed intrinsic ocular morphologic traits that may confer the PACG susceptibility in the entirety of this breed. Normal ACSs without glaucoma have a crowded anterior ocular segment and narrow iridocorneal angle and ciliary cleft, which is consistent with anatomical risk factors identified in humans. The ACSs showed unique features consisting of posterior bowing of iris and longer iridolenticular contact, which mirrors reverse pupillary block and pigment dispersion syndrome in humans. The ACS could hold potential to serve as an animal model of naturally occurring PACG in humans.
Drug-free in vitro activation combined 3D-bioprinted adipose-derived stem cells restore ovarian function of premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Li Qian , Zheng Jiahua , Li Zhongkang , Xiao Yanlai , Zhang Mingle , Shi Wenxin , Gao He , Huang Xianghua , Zhang Jingkun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Emerging drug-free in vitro activation (IVA) technique enables patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) to restore ovarian function and conceive their own genetic offspring. However, many issues have greatly restricted its clinical application. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could significantly stimulate neovascularization and increase blood perfusion to reduce the loss of primordial follicles, and effectively improve the quality and number of oocytes in aged mice. Here, we designed a 3D-bioprinted engineering ovary composed of drug-free IVA and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which may prolong the retention of ADSCs and construct an early vascular microenvironment, thus compensating for the disadvantages of drug-free IVA to some extent and ameliorating impaired ovarian function in the POI rats.
Methods
After intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, the POI model rats were randomized into 5 groups: (1)POI group; (2)ovarian fragments group; (3)3D scaffold combined with ovarian fragments group; (4)ovarian fragments combined with ADSCs group; (5)3D scaffold with ADSCs combined with ovarian fragments as 3D-bioprinted engineering ovary group. Normal rats were identified as the control group. The localization of CM-Dil labeled ADSCs and co-localization with CD31 were observed to examine the distribution and underlying mechanism of differentiation. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to enumerate follicle number and assess granulosa cells (GCs) proliferation and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate angiogenesis. Hormone levels were measured to evaluate the restoration of endocrine axis. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR were conducted to explore the potential mechanism.
Results
CM-Dil-labeled ADSCs were distributed in the interstitium of ovaries and had significantly higher retention in the 3D-bioprinted engineering ovary group. Some regions of the CM-Dil (+) staining co-expressed with CD31 staining were in the area of vascular endothelial cells. Meanwhile, the follicle counts, GCs proliferation and apoptosis, neoangiogenesis and hormone levels were significantly improved in the 3D-bioprinted engineering ovary group, as compared with other groups. Furthermore, the ovarian function was ameliorated and angiogenesis was promoted through regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that 3D-bioprinted engineering ovary had great potential for restoring impaired ovarian function of POI, which could compensate for the disadvantages of drug-free IVA to some extent.
Activating reversible carbonate reactions in Nasicon solid electrolyte-based Na-air battery in ambient air via in-situ formed catholyte
Authors: Park Heetaek , Kang Minseok , Park Jaehyun , Kang Seok Ju , Kang Byoungwoo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Out of practicality, ambient air rather than oxygen is preferred as a fuel in electrochemical systems, but CO2 and H2O present in air cause severe irreversible reactions, such as the formation of carbonates and hydroxides, which typically degrades performance. Herein, we report on a Na-air battery enabled by a reversible carbonate Na2CO3·xH2O (x = 0 or 1) reaction in Nasicon solid electrolyte (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) that delivers a much higher discharge potential of 3.4 V than other metal-air batteries leading to high energy density and achieves > 86% energy efficiency at 0.1 mA cm− 2 over 100 cycles. This cell design takes advantage of moisture in ambient air which the deliquescence of NaOH forms an in-situ catholyte that catalyzes the activation of reversible electrochemical reaction of Na2CO3·xH2O. Our result demonstrates that free ambient air can be used reversibly as a fuel when enabled by reversible electrochemical reaction of carbonates with a solid electrolyte.
Investigation on multi-physical field simulations of blade ECM using vertical flow
Authors: Ren Mingzhu , Zhu Dong , Hou Zhenhao , Lei Gaopan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electrochemical machining (ECM), an advanced manufacturing technology, is widely used in aero-engine blade machining. In blade ECM, the electrolyte flows through the inter-electrode gap, generating hydrogen bubbles and heat, which affect the conductance and thus influence the machining quality. This paper focused on the effect of bubble movement on the flow field and the machining quality of ECM. A novel vertical flow mode of electrolyte was proposed according to the bubbles dynamics analysis. Multi-physical field simulations of blade ECM using vertical and horizontal flows were carried out. With an initial gas void fraction and temperature at the inlet of 0 and 302.65 K, respectively, in both flow modes, the vertical flow reduced the gas void fraction and temperature at the outlet by 2.4% and 0.6 K, and increased the conductance by 0.47 S/m. Thus, the vertical flow of the electrolyte was beneficial in reducing the gas void fraction and controlling the temperature rise, while enhancing the conductance. Then, the corresponding experiments using a vertical flow were carried out. The machining deviation was found to range from 3.4 µm to 75.6 µm and surface roughness values of Ra < 0.35µm. The machining quality was high and the variation observed in the experiments was consistent with the simulation results, the validity and correctness of the simulations were verified. Thus, the vertical flow mode proposed in this paper was appropriate, can be used for other complex structures in ECM.
Factors associated with other-cause survival after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Matsui Ryota , Inaki Noriyuki , Tsuji Toshikatsu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Death due to other diseases is one factor related to long-term prognosis after gastrectomy; however, few studies have examined the relationship between death due to other diseases and undernutrition. This study aimed to clarify the factors associated with death due to other diseases after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who had undergone gastrectomy between April 2008 and June 2018 for primary stage II–III gastric cancer. The primary outcome was other-cause survival (OCS). To identify prognostic factors for OCS for univariate analysis, we used a Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results: A total of 512 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 67.93 years, and the average body mass index was 22.75 kg/m2, with 84 (16.4%) moderately malnourished and 88 (17.2%) severely malnourished, as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. The OCS for the malnourished group was significantly worse than that for the normal group (P < 0.001). The prognosis was worse when the severity of malnutrition was worse (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that severe malnutrition (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.259, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.396–7.609, P = 0.006) and severe postoperative complications (HR: 4.245, 95% CI: 2.207–8.166, P < 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for OCS.Conclusions: Undernutrition, as defined by the GLIM criteria, is useful for the preoperative prediction of death due to other diseases after gastrectomy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
The experiences of clinical nurses coping with patient death in the context of rising hospital deaths in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Yao Nengliang , Cao Yingjuan , Su Mingzhu , Cheng Joyce 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Chinese clinical nurses are increasingly confronting patient death, as the proportion of hospital deaths is growing. Witnessing patient suffering and death is a stressful encounter, and failure to cope with this challenge may result in decreased well-being of nurses and impede the provision of “good death” care for patients and their families. To our knowledge, few studies have specifically explored clinical nurses’ experiences coping with patient death in mainland China.Objective: We aimed to explore nurses’ experiences coping with patient death in China in order to support front-line clinical nurses effectively and guide the government in improving hospice care policy.Methods: Clinical nurses were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling between June 2020 and August 2020. We gathered experiences of clinical nurses coping with patient death by face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Three thematic categories were generated from data analysis. The first was “negative emotions from contextual challenges.” This category involved grief over deaths of younger persons, pity for deaths without family, and dread related to coping with patient death on night duty. The second category was “awareness of mortality on its own.” Subthemes included: death means that everything stops being and good living is important because we all die and disappear. The third category was “coping style.” This category included focusing on treating dying patients, recording the signs and symptoms, and responding to changes in the patient’s condition. It also involved subthemes such as avoiding talk about death due to the grief associated with dying and death, and seeking help from colleagues. Conclusions: Clinical nurses’ emotional experiences are shaped by intense Chinese filial love, charity, and cultural attitudes towards death. Reasonable nurse scheduling to ensure patient and staff safety is a major priority. "Good death" decisions based on Chinese ethical and moral beliefs must be embedded throughout hospital care.
Reduced total cholesterol levels predict early death in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xiao Li , Xu Ximing , Zhang Zhiling , Dou Ying , Guan Xianmin , Guo Yuxia , Wen Xianhao , Shen Yali , Meng Yan , Liao Meiling , Hu Qinshi , Yu Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rapidly progressive and potentially life-threatening disorder. Identifying risk factors and timely adjustment of the given treatment regimens is critical to reducing the early mortality in HLH patients. Hypocholesterolemia has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in a variety of critical illnesses. However, serum cholesterol is rarely studied in HLH patients, and its prognostic value is unclear.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), identifying pediatric HLH patients diagnosed with the HLH-2004 protocol and treated with immunochemotherapy between January 2008 and December 2020. The patients’ blood lipid levels at initial diagnosis of HLH, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), were reviewed based on electronic medical records. Both Cox and logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of blood lipid indicators on early death (within 30 days after diagnosis).
Results
The observed 30-day mortality rate of the 353 included patients was 19.05% (64/336, 17 were lost to follow-up). The Kaplan-Meier-estimated 3-year survival rate was 61.67% (95% CI, 56.27%-67.59%). Lipid panel was performed in 349 patients: 91.98% (321/349) had TG ≥ 1.80 mmol/L, 92.84% (324/349) had HDL-C ≤ 1.04 mmol/L, 58.74% (205/349) had LDL-C ≤ 1.30 mmol/L and 24.64% (86/349) had TC ≤ 3.11 mmol/L. TC ≤ 3.11 mmol/L and BUN ≥ 7.14 mmol/L were the independent risk factors for 30-day mortality [HR(95%CI): 2.85(1.46, 5.57) and 2.90(1.48, 5.68), respectively]. Compared with the low-risk group (no risk factors present), the patients had a nearly 10-fold increased risk of early death [HR = 9.98, 95%CI: (4.23, 23.56)] in the high-risk group (two risk factors were present) and a 6-fold increased risk of early death [HR = 6.24, 95%CI: (3.18, 12.22)] in the intermediate-risk group (one risk factor was present).
Conclusion
Severe derangement of lipoproteins is common in children with HLH, and decreased TC is an independent risk factor for early death. More attention needs to be paid to hypocholesterolemia during the management of HLH patients.
Classification of located Acoustic Emission Events using Neural Network
Authors: Manthei Gerd , Guckert Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Location of acoustic emission (AE) events is one of the main evaluation tools in AE analysis. Reliable location of AE sources enables accurate investigation of the mechanisms that led to a crack in the material. It is known that the location errors are influenced by several factors, including the accuracy of the elastic wave arrival time reading, the geometric distribution of the SE sensors, and most importantly, by the physical properties of the propagation medium. The aim of this study is the application of a neural network to classify clustered AE events, which were detected during six hydraulic fracturing tests in massive salt rock. A fully connected feed forward network was used for pattern recognition and was trained to classify the input events according to target classes. For input data the signal arrival time profiles of the longitudinal and transversal elastic waves were used to train, to test, and to validate the neuronal network. In total 765 AE events were classified in various target classes. After testing and evaluation the receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) was applied for analyzing the result of classification and visualizing their performance. The neural network application showed that always clustered events were correctly assigned, while few spatially scattered events outside the region of a cluster could not be matched to any cluster.
Groundwater Contamination and its effect on health: Survey study of the Farmers in Manesar Industrial area,India.
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Pandey Deepika 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of groundwater pollution on the health of the people specially farmers living near industrial area of Manesar. Several studies have shown the presence of contaminants in groundwater of many districts of Haryana state. Manesar is centre of industries and a busy economic and residential zone. An equal amount of area is covered by agricultural land also and crops are cultivated in the vicinity of industrial area. This makes this region likely to contaminate its groundwater resource. Water samples from 12 villages were collected, followed by online Questionnaire Survey on 306 people living nearby, in the industrial area of Manesar, which are dependent on ground water for drinking and domestic use. The health of the local people and their children was premeditated and correlated with consumption of contaminated groundwater following questionnaire-based methods. The focus of the study was to highlight impact of nitrate (NO3 −) and (F−) on the health of the people. Result of the study shows NO3 − and F − contamination beyond the safe limit prescribed by the WHO. Health of the farmers living nearby the industrial area was found to be affected by groundwater contaminants. This paper is an attempt to urge policy makers to pay special attention to such areas and adopt mitigation measures to safeguard the health of people living in such areas.
THZ1 targeting CDK7 suppresses c-KIT transcriptional activity in gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Sun Jianyi , Zhang Qiang , Sun Xiangfei , Xue Anwei , Gao Xiaodong , Shen Kuntang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumour of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by activating mutations of the KIT or PDGFRa receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Despite the clinical success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), more than half of GIST patients develop resistance due to a second mutation. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) is the catalytic subunit of CDK-activating kinase (CAK), and it plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle transitions and gene transcription. THZ1, a CDK7 inhibitor, exhibits a dose-dependent inhibitory effect in various cancers. Here, we demonstrated that CDK7 was relatively overexpressed in high-risk GIST and predicted a poor outcome. A low concentration of THZ1 exhibited a pronounced antineoplastic effect in GIST cells in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, THZ1 exerted synergistic anticancer effects with imatinib. THZ1 treatment resulted in transcriptional modulation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Ser2, Ser5, and Ser7 within RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). c-KIT, an oncogene driver of GIST, was transcriptionally repressed by THZ1 treatment or CDK7 knockdown. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that OSR1 acted as a downstream target of CDK7 and was a novel oncogene driven by c-KIT. Taken together, our results highlight elevated CDK7 expression as a predictor of poor outcome in GIST and the combination of CDK7 and RTK inhibitors as a potent therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of GIST treatment.