bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METHOD TO GENERATE ACCURATE ELASTIC AND HYPERELASTIC UNIAXIAL TENSION STRESS–STRAIN DATA WITHOUT AN EXTENSOMETER
Authors: Hohenberger Travis W. , Busfield James J. C. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Uniaxial tension tests on dumbbells are routinely used to determine the stress–strain response of engineering materials. The simplest way to calculate strain is from grip displacement during extension, but this introduces significant error when dumbbells are gripped at the wider end sections to avoid the sample breaking prematurely in the grips. Mechanical and optical extensometers alleviate this problem by directly measuring strain in the gauge section. However, the equipment introduces significant additional hardware and software costs, and some experimental setups obstruct or prevent direct measurement of strain. The strain following systems also struggle both with the loss in mark intensity and changes of the shape of the marked point as the strain level is increased. To address these shortcomings, a novel analytical model to correct stress–strain data based on grip displacement is proposed. The model is implemented in Fortran and applied to hyperelastic materials which are assumed isotropic, but in principle the method is not restricted to elastomers. The model is validated with three studies on dumbbells: (i) a finite-element analysis for strains up to 660%; (ii) an experimental test with unfilled natural rubber up to 300% strain using a video extensometer; and (iii) a high temperature experimental test to fracture where the strain is corrected for a filled rubber. The model errors range from 2.2% to 3.1%, which is well within material and experimental uncertainties; hence, the model provides an accurate, inexpensive means of determining stress–strain behavior from grip displacement.
Hebrew Gemstones in the Old Testament: A Lexical, Geological, and Archaeological Analysis
Authors: Harrell James E. , Hoffmeier James K. , Williams Kenton F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Hebrew text of the OT names 27 rocks, minerals, and other materials that have been identified as gemstones in translations. These are mentioned most notably in the descriptionsof the high priest's breastplate (Exod 28:17–20 and 39:10–13 [36:17–20 LXX]) and the prince of Tyre's canopy (Ezek 28:13), but they are also found in dozens of other passages. Thisstudy attempts to identify these materials following a multidisciplinary approach that includes linguistic analysis (examining etymologies and descriptions of the stones),archaeological evidence (looking at the gemstones actually used in the Near East during the Late Bronze and Iron Ages as well as the ancient mines that may have supplied them), andgeological evidence (combining mineralogical and petrological data with knowledge of known gemstone deposits in the region). One or two possible identities are proposed for eachthe 27 materials, most of which are true gemstones.
Healing at the Pool of Bethesda: A Challenge to Asclepius?
Authors: Thompson Robin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article explores Jesus' healing of the disabled man at the Pool of Bethesda. This healing is only reported in the Gospel of John, and the location of the healing is described in some detail. After addressing the textual and archaeological challenges in locating the Pool of Bethesda, this article discusses both the tradition of healing associated with this site and the well-known Greco-Roman god of healing, Asclepius. While this healing may serve more than one purpose in John's Gospel, I propose that the location of the healing serves as a challenge to the Gentiles in John's audience: Jesus was more than a god who could heal—he was a God who could provide eternal life.
Ekphrasis, Fear, and Motivation in the Apocalypse of John
Authors: Stewart Alexander E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent research on ekphrasis sheds light on how John utilized vivid description to guide the imagination and stir the emotions of his hearers. This is particularly evident in John's visions of judgment and salvation. The primary grounds for John's exhortation to overcome include exclusion from or participation in final salvation. John's frequent use of ekphrasis, particularly within his visionary narratives, enables his hearers to vividly visualize and imagine the presently invisible grounds offered for John's rational argumentation, thus producing an emotional response in support of obedience and action. This article explores the use of ekphrasis in the fifth and sixth trumpets (Rev 9:1-19) to direct the hearer's imagination and create the emotion of fear in support of John's rhetorical agenda.
Is “High Human Christology” Sufficient? A Critical Response to J. R. Daniel Kirk's A Man Attested by God
Authors: Bauckham Richard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
J. R. Daniel Kirk's book A Man Attested by God argues that the Christology of the Synoptic Gospels should be understood as “high human Christology,” placing Jesus within a category of “idealized human figures” who, in Jewish literature, are “identified with God.” He claims to refute my argument for “divine identity Christology,” but in fact he badly misunderstands it, as his constant use of the vague term identified with God (which I do not use of Jesus) shows. My claim is that Jesus is “included in the unique identity of God” because he rules the whole universe from the cosmic throne of God above the heavens, the throne on which, in Jewish literature, no one but God sits. Other human figures, such as the kings of Israel, share in God's rule only in the sense that, as servants of God, they exercise a limited sphere of authority on earth. The article goes on to discuss Matthew's Christology in particular, showing that Kirk's category “idealized human figure” cannot do justice to major features of Matthew's Gospel that indicate Jesus's inclusion within the unique divine identity.
“A great retiring wave”: Stress, Release, and Subjectivity in Dickens's Prosodic Seas
Authors: Kumbier William 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dickens's novels are marked by evocative passages that, even within the rich textures of Dickens's polyphonic prose, stand out as heightened and stylistically worked. These passages channel the text toward prose poetry: they resemble arias, theatrically calling attention to themselves, springing from the novels' discursive recitatives. This essay focuses on a cluster of such passages in the climactic “Tempest” chapter of David Copperfield, in three incarnations: the published text of the novel, Dickens's adaptation of the text for one of his public Readings, and the re-creation of a brief portion of that reading in the 2012 film, The Invisible Woman. The essay identifies and analyzes the poetic devices, especially the rhythmic figurations, that Dickens deploys and shows how Dickens works those devices to conjure the sublime and its characteristic effects of dissolution and dispossession that, in this case, both deepen and threaten the coherence of David's subjectivity. The prose poem passages of “Tempest” thus reach beyond the novel's manifest subject into the subjectivities of character, narrator and reader, a dynamic incisively and vividly conveyed in Ralph Fiennes's re-creation of Dickens reading.
Innovation and volatility of the GDP growth rate: case of the economies of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ky Yaya , Cabral François Joseph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The objective of this research is to assess the impact of innovation on the volatility of GDP growth rate in the economies of Sub —Saharan African (SSA) countries. Using a dynamic panel model, a volatility index that we built and an innovation index produced by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), we show that innovation reduces the volatility of growth rates of GDP. In other words, the likelihood to control the volatility of GDP growth rate is an increasing function of innovation. There is a threshold effect of innovation effect on volatility depending to GDP per capita. Indeed, innovation reduces volatility but until a certain level of GDP per capita. This threshold is estimated at US $ 671 with a confidence level of 90% equal to US $ 600 - US $ 740. The effect of innovation on volatility is more efficient in a politically stable environment. Local innovation and innovation imported (foreign direct investment) have different behavior. The first reduces volatility while the second increases it.
Do firms learn by exporting or learn to export? Evidence from Senegalese manufacturing firms
Authors: Cisse Fatou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the causal relationship between exporting and productivity in the manufacturing firms in Senegal using a unique firm-level panel data for the period 1998-2011. We control for endogeneity and sample selection by jointly estimating the productivity and the export-participation equations. Our results indicate strong evidence of both self-selection of the most efficient firms enter into the export market and effect of Learning in the export market. Findings show that firms with better financial health are likely to exports. Furthermore, the ownership of intangible assets like brevet and the quality of labour positively affect the probability to export of the manufacturing firms. We investigate the sectoral heterogeneity of the Learning-by exporting effect (LBE) and find evidence of a weak heterogeneity of the learning-by-exporting effect between the sectors. From a policy relevance, the evidence of learning-by-exporting suggests Senegal has much to gain from encouraging exports by helping domestic firms to overcome the barriers to enter into foreign markets by promoting access to intangible assets like brevet. Particularly, export promotion policies could be helpful, reducing the level of financial constraints faced by firms and indirectly enhancing their investment spending and productivity. As a driver of manufacturing exports, labour quality must be carefully considered in the perspectives of industrial development. Considerable efforts are required in the Senegalese educational system in order to match the training to the requirements of the labour market.
A Monetary Stress Indicator for the Economic Community of West African States
Authors: Diop Samba , Tillmann Peter , Winker Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper uses monetary stress indicators derived from a simple backward-looking Taylor rule to investigate macroeconomic convergence in the future monetary union of ECOWAS. The results we obtain support the notion of two distinct groups of countries (WAEMU and NON-WAEMU countries). We find a drastic reduction of monetary stress since the establishment of the convergence pact. The decomposition of monetary stress shows a decrease of stress due to diverging inflation rates since 1999 while notable asymmetries from cyclical output continue to persist across the ECOWAS member states. Monetary policy could be too accommodative for NON-WAEMU countries while it could be too tight for WAEMU countries implying that the future central bank target rate will not be consistent with the needs of every country member.
Access to Financial Services Via Rural and Community Banks and Poverty Reduction in Rural Households in Ghana
Authors: Danquah Michael , Quartey Peter , Iddrisu Abdul Malik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines whether financial services provided by Rural and Community Banks to rural households in Ghana has a significant impact on the wellbeing of the households. The analysis utilizes data from the Round 6 of the Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS) and it employs several econometric techniques. We find that access to financial services via Rural and Community Banks exerts a positive and significant influence on the standard of living of rural households, suggesting that Rural and Community Banks can play a significant role in reducing poverty rates in rural households in Ghana.
The Association between Food Insecurity and Child Health Outcomes in Low and Middle-income Countries.
Authors: Asiseh Fafanyo , Naanwaab Cephas , Quaicoe Obed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Millions of people in developing and middle-income countries continue to experience food insecurity daily. A growing number of studies have associated food insecurity with poorer health outcomes using cross sectional data and household level data. Few of these studies have looked at longitudinal relationship between food insecurity and health outcomes. This study analyses the relationship between food insecurity and child health outcomes in middle and low-income countries using a longitudinal macro level data. The study also introduces two unique instrumental variables, size of arable land and openness to trade, to estimate this relationship. The regressions confirm previous study results that food insecurity has a significant positive relationship with child anemia and child mortality. Food insecurity has a significant negative relationship with life expectancy. Using the instrumental variable approach shows that the estimates are greater than when no instruments are used. Our work suggests that previous studies have underestimated the impact of food insecurity on child health outcomes.
Gender and Science Education in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Elu Juliet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
I consider the representation of females in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Appealing to data from the World Development Indicators, I evaluate the female share on graduates in two broad STEM disciplines. A descriptive analysis is offered that enables an assessment of the extent of Sub-Saharan African gender-inequality in STEM which can inform whether or not there should be policy interventions aimed at decreasing gender inequality and access to STEM education in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Reading the Antioch Incident (Gal 2:11–21) as a Subversive Banquet Narrative
Authors: Nanos Mark D. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
My previous essay in Journal for the Study of Paul and His Letters on the Antioch Incident, on which this essay builds, discussed why the nature of the food or its service were not likely objectionable according to prevailing local Jewish dietary norms. Their Jewish subgroup banquets ate normal Jewish food but did not mix with participants who were not Jews according to prevailing norms. This countercultural practice was likely intended to signify that the non-Jews joining these Jews in their subgroup assemblies were equal members of the righteous ones already and that they must remain non-Jews to demonstrate their subgroup’s “chronometrical” conviction that the awaited end-of-the-ages experience of shalom had begun among themselves. Several questions naturally follow: for example, how was equality specifically performed at these banquets so that the ones who objected could observe it? How was Paul’s confrontation of Peter observed by the non-Jews left behind, for whom it was performed, and at the same time by “the rest of the Jews” who had withdrawn with Peter? In search of the most probable answers, this essay explores Greco-Roman banquet behavioral norms, including the narrative genre devoted to presenting the discussions at symposiums, especially within the philosophical tradition. A common and central topic in banquet practices and in the literary traditions discussing them involved the arrangement of the diners’ places for reclining (or sitting) at the triclinium or adjacent triclinia in order to reflect their relative social ranking properly. This essay will argue that the way they assigned their placement to demonstrate indiscriminate equality among the righteous ones subverted those norms in an easily observable way, from which Peter withdrew to temporarily avoid resistance rather than to retract their Jewish subgroup’s new norms.
1 Timothy 2:13–15 as an Analogy
Authors: Foster Timothy D. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
While 1 Tim 2:13–15 is often treated as providing three points in support of the paraeneses in vv. 11–12, this article argues that 1 Tim 2:13–15 forms an analogy that draws on the narrative sequence of Gen 2–3 to ground the commands of the preceding verses. The analogy draws a parallel between the events of the garden and the experience of the Ephesian church. It alerts them to the next step in the sequence following the transgression of Eve, which was the temptation and fall of Adam. The analogy is extended in v. 15 to show an alternative outcome whereby the Ephesian women, like Eve, may be saved from the consequences of their sin by embracing “faith, love, and holiness with propriety” as opposed to the rigors demanded by the false teachers. Rather than complete the pattern of the garden in which Eve persuaded Adam to sin, the Ephesian women are to learn peaceably, refrain from teaching the men, and submit themselves to duly appointed authorities. If the preceding verses, especially the demands of vv. 11–12, are grounded in this analogy, then it cannot be claimed that they are based on a “creation mandate,” which permanently subordinates women or forever prevents them from teaching men.
Paul, Essentialism, and the Jewish Law: In Conversation with Christine Hayes
Authors: Thiessen Matthew 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Although Christine Hayes’s work shows that legal essentialism and legal nominalism are helpful categories for situating the Apostle Paul, it is vital to distinguish between the way that Paul himself viewed ethnicity (he was an ethnic essentialist) and the way that scholars today describe Paul’s handling of ethnicity (he was in practice an ethnic constructivist). In this connection, the invisible quality of Christ’s pneuma is highly significant, as it makes pneumatic descent rather difficult to prove and hence opened up Paul to the charge of ethnic instrumentalism. Although he really seems to have believed that Israel’s God had forged a new path to Abrahamic descent via Christ’s pneuma, Paul quite predictably had a hard time convincing most of his contemporaries.
Reading Backwards, Reading Forwards, and Abiding: Reading John in the Spirit Now
Authors: Ford David F. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The figural reading approach of Richard Hays can be developed further in various ways through consideration of the Gospel of John. The narrative focus can be broadened to encompass other aspects of the analogical imagination. As all four Gospels, in Hays's reading, take up and transform Israel's Scriptures, so the Gospel of John can be read as taking up and transforming the Synoptic Gospels, with John learning from a culture of creative rewriting. John's own rewriting encourages readers to improvise in thought and action on what he writes. This “reading forwards” takes up what Hays calls “reading backwards” into the ongoing drama of following Jesus in the Spirit. John's temporality reaches beyond linearity by integrating the eternal life of God, and human participation in that, with the incarnate drama of learning and loving in history.
“Forward unto Virtue”: Formative Practices and 1 Corinthians 11:17–34
Authors: Rhodes Michael 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Within the recovery of virtue among theological ethicists, few concepts have proved as fruitful as that of practices. In this essay, I outline my view of formative practices as telos-shaped, embodied, social actions that carry an embedded intention to shape the character of the individual practitioner, the politics of the community, and the world “out there.” I will then argue that this theory of formative practices provides a useful heuristic to illuminate the way Paul understands the Lord's Supper in 1 Cor 11:17–34. Indeed, not only does formative-practice theory make clear certain aspects of Paul's view of the Supper but it also helps to solve the riddle how to understand Paul's apparent “compromise” with the “haves” in v. 34 just after his stinging critique of their shaming the “have nots” in v. 22.
“For David Said Concerning Him”: Foundations of Hope in Psalm 16 and Acts 2
Authors: Harriman K. R. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Peter's use of Ps 16 in his pentecostal speech has been a touchstone of debates about the use of the OT in the NT and thus about the continuity and discontinuity between the writings of the earliest Jesus followers and the sacred writings they claimed as their own. My contribution to this enormous debate is an analysis of the continuity and discontinuity between the foundations of hope—that is, the reasons to hope—that inform the statements of hope in these two texts. I examine the nature of hope and the foundations of hope (of which I identify three in Ps 16 and five in Acts 2) in each text in turn. I conclude that the nature of the continuities and discontinuities between the texts are fundamentally the result of the messianic and resurrection logic that characterizes many NT writings (including Luke–Acts), in which the discontinuity is at the service of the underlying continuity with the long-established story in which the NT authors and speakers place themselves.
The Missing Window: Caroline Emmerton, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and The House of the Seven Gables
Authors: Gleason William 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
This article examines the architectural history of the Turner-Ingersoll Mansion, the seventeenth-century Salem home long believed to have inspired the setting for Nathaniel Hawthorne's The House of the Seven Gables (1851). I focus in particular on the extensive renovations undertaken in the early 1900s by Salem philanthropist Caroline O. Emmerton, who, with the help of influential Colonial Revival architect Joseph Edward Chandler, sought to restore the mansion both as an historic house museum that would bring Hawthorne's novel to life and as headquarters for the charitable work of Salem's new immigrant-focused Settlement Association. Central to the novel, but notably missing from the restored house, is the large arched window through which Clifford peers out at the street. My article considers the significance of this missing window for a more thorough understanding, not only of Emmerton's renovations, but also of the architectural imagination of Hawthorne himself. Through this comparison, I argue that Hawthorne's novel, often considered racially conservative, shows itself surprisingly open to a polyglot future, a far more progressive take, in the end, than Emmerton's own.
Thinking in Time: Jane Austen's Last Work and Family Legacy
Authors: Gaston Lise 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
[T]he late works of significant artists … are, for the most part, not round, but furrowed, even ravaged. Devoid of sweetness, bitter and spiny, they do not surrender themselves to mere delectation. They lack all the harmony that the classicist aesthetic is in the habit of demanding from works of art, and they show more traces of history than of growth. – Theodor Adorno, “Late Style in Beethoven” (1937)
But seven years I suppose are enough to change every pore of one's skin, & every feeling of one's mind. – Jane Austen to Cassandra Austen, 8 April 1805