bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Gibberellin on Time of Bud Development in Globe Artichoke12
Authors: Snyder M. J. , Welch N. C. , Rubatzky V. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) was applied to globe artichoke plants prior to bud enlargement in the fall, and to similar plants during bud development in the spring. Single applications of 25 or 50 ppm were adequate to induce accelerated flower bud development. The rate of bud development was more pronounced when GA3 was applied in the fall. Although total yields from treated and non-treated plants were not significantly different, earliness was increased.
Lunar Horticulture
Authors: Walkinshaw Charles H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sometime in the future, the United States may establish a lunar base as the first step toward colonization of our moon. To accomplish this, one of the primary goals will be to utilize native lunar materials for operation and maintenance of the permanent colony. Man's initial requirements in this extraterrestrial base could be compared to those of Admiral Richard E. Byrd in his first expedition to Antarctica in 1928. That is, settlers on the moon will be completely dependent upon supplies brought with them, as was Byrd's contingent at the Little America base.
The Necessity For High-Quality Vegetable Seed
Authors: Harrington J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In former days a vegetable grower would plant many times more seed than the plants he needed, to ensure a stand even if the seed quality were poorer than expected. Any excess seedlings were thinned out by hand, and the crop was harvested by hand, involving several harvests, with no concern for uniform maturity. Today the situation is different. Labor is expensive and becoming more so. The trend is toward mechanization, which requires precision planting or planting to a stand, with a once-over harvest. Only high-quality seed will do the job.
Handling Seed to Insure High Seed Quality
Authors: Thompson David J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a broad sense, the term “handling seed”can refer to everything that happens between planting stock seed for a seed crop and planting of commercial seed by a grower. In a narrower sense, the term can refer to events between harvest of a commercial seed crop and planting by a grower. These events usually include seed harvest, processing, drying, storage, and transportation. They may also include fermentation, chemical treatment, sizing, blending, encapsulation, coating, and taping. Modern methods of handling seed through these events require machinery.
Emergence, Early Growth, and Salinity of Five Vegetable Crops Germinated by Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation in an Arid Zone1
Authors: Shmueli M. , Goldberg D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to test the emergence, early growth, and salt build-up in soil and leaves with 5 vegetable crops germinated by sprinkle and trickle irrigation using saline water. In some of the crops (cucumber, tomato, pepper) trickle irrigation shortened the time until emergence and the stand was more uniform. Other crops (muskmelon, onion) responded in a similar manner to both irrigation methods. Seedling development was good with both methods. Trickling produced a higher salt concn in the 0 to 3-cm soil layer of the crop row, although this had no apparent effect on emergence, seedling wt, or chloride content of the leaves.
Southern Cooperative Snap Bean Trials 1946-681
Authors: Hoffman James C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Southern Cooperative Snap Bean Trials have been conducted annually since 1946. During the first 22 years, an average of 26 cooperators tested 285 new entries. Each entry remained in the trials an average of 2.3 years. Thirty-nine of the breeding lines tested were released as new cultivars, several of which have a wide range of adaptability in the United States and elsewhere. The average annual yield increased from an initial low of 203 bu/acre for the period 1947-51 to 247 bu/acre for the period 1964-68; and increase of 17.8%. This increase in yield corresponds with the increase obtained in commercial production during the same period.
Foliage Frost Resistance in Tuber-Bearing Solanums1
Authors: Richardson Daryl Garnet , Weiser Conrad J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The threat of economic losses due to frost injury is present in almost every region of the world where potatoes are cultivated. Frost damage to foliage is particularly important in parts of South America where potatoes are a primary dietary staple, but losses are also significant in many regions of North America, Asia, Northern Europe and the USSR. Potatoes are commonly grown in the temperate regions and at high elevations in the tropics where frost is a chronic problem. A particularly harsh frost in Colombia, in 1967 caused an estimated $50 million loss. Fortunately many growers in the Andean region plant small insurance crops of wild-type potatoes which possess substantial frost resistance, although the the yield and quality is poor.
The Freezing Point of Detached Leaves as a Measure of Cold Hardiness of Young Budded Citrus Plants1
Authors: Hutcheson C. E. , Wiltbank W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The freezing point of detached leaves of young, budded, container-grown ‘Hamlin’ orange plants was an acceptable measure of cold hardiness. Controlled freezing established that the mean leaf freezing point (MLFP) of detached leaves estimated cold hardiness within 0.86°C and was useful to predict the degree of damage to plants exposed to subfreezing temperatures.
Challenges in the 70's for Extension Horticulture
Authors: Rollins H. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticulture is entering a new and exciting era with unique and unlimited opportunities if only we will be imaginative and respond to the needs of all people. The general public, elected officials and even university administrators are beginning to demonstrate a greater interest in, and awareness of, the potentials of horticulture. The challenge is clear if only we will accept it.
Development of the Inflorescence in Petunia, Geranium, and Poinsettia under Ozone Stress1
Authors: Craker L. E. , Feder W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Increasing concn of ozone up to 10 to 12 μl/liter decreased anthocyanin content and increased fresh wt but not size in flowers of petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilmorin, cv. Blue Lagoon) and geranium (Pelargonium hortorum Bailey, cv. Red Perfection). Bract anthocyanin increased and bract size decreased in poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wildenow, cv. Paul Mikkelson) under the same ozone treatments. Responses were not associated with visible oxidant injury to plant leaves.
An Abnormal Nut Splitting Problem of Pecan (Carya illinoensis Koch)
Authors: Worley Ray E. , Taylor Glenn G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A longitudinal splitting of pecan which causes loss of nuts of thin-shelled cultivars during the “water” stage of the kernel is described. A similar splitting was induced by forcing water into the nut with a hypodermic needle. Soaking of nuts in water either on or off the trees did not induce splitting.
The Effects of Prior Inoculations with Non-Pathogenic Fungi on Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon1
Authors: Shimotsuma Minoru , Kuc J. , Jones C. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Temperature, cultivar, locus of inoculation, and prior-inoculation (inoculation 24 hr earlier with 3 nonpathogenic fungi) affected the expression of fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. niveum (E.F.Sm.) Snyder & Hansen, in watermelons. Prior inoculation with Helminthosporium carbonum Ulktrup was found to be more effective in cross protection than were Fusarium oxysporium f. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen, or Verticillium alboatrum Reinke & Berth. Temperatures of 27°C resulted in more fusarium infection than at 20° and obscured the expression both of genetic resistance and resistance induced by the prior-inoculations. Induced resistance increased plant survival and plant growth for 3 cultivars in field trials, but possibly produced deleterious effects in a resistant cultivar.
Tax ShelTax Shelter Aspects of Orchard Development Before and After Tax Reform1
Authors: Carman Hoy F. , Kenyon David E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many high income investors have used orchard development as a tool for systematically shifting ordinary income to capital gains. These tax shelter investments, concentrated in citrus, certain tree nuts and grapes, were one of the targets of the Federal Tax Reform Act of 1969. This paper examines the mechanics of a tax shelter investment in establishing almond orchards with emphasis on after tax costs and returns for investors in different marginal income tax brackets. The discussion can easily be extended to other tree crops. The citrus and almond amendments in the Tax Reform Act of 1969 requiring capitalization of development costs severely restrict the tax advantages of developing these two crops. A comparison of costs and returns after tax reform reveals that losses from the budgeted investment increase with increases in the investor’s marginal income tax bracket.
The Effect of 2,4-D Applied in Waxes on the Preservation of ‘Marsh Seedless’ Grapefruit and ‘Valencia’ Orange During Prolonged Storage1
Authors: Schiffmann-Nadel Mina , Lattar F. S. , Waks J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Waxes containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), when applied to ‘Valencia Late’ orange and ‘Marsh Seedless’ grapefruit, were effective in preserving green buttons and in controlling stem end rot during prolonged storage. The effect of 2,4-D on grapefruit was evident in fruit stored at 10 and 12°C. In orange, the 2,4-D effect was especially evident in fruit stored at 17°C, a temp at which the incidence of rot is generally high.
Resistance of Rough Lemon and Trifoliate Orange Seedlings to High Levels of Iron Chelates1
Authors: Wallace A. , Mueller R. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One-year-old seedlings of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) grown in potted soil showed little adverse effect from 16-consecutive-weekly applications of up to 300 ppm Fe as FeEDTA, FeDTPA, or FeEDDHA. The iron contents of leaves were increased consistently by the increasing Fe levels, but the increases were modest and generally were not a factor which influenced yields except in overcoming Fe deficiency in calcareous soil. The only major adverse effect of the high chelate levels was the tendency of FeEDDHA to induce Mn deficiency with limed soil.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on ‘Fuerte’ Avocado Fruits1
Authors: Kamali A. R. , Maxie E. C. , Rae H. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gamma irradiation up to 100 Kilorad (Krad) caused no immediate visual damage to fruits of avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Twenty Krad or more stimulated a climacteric-like rise in respiratory rate. Rates of ethylene (C2H4) production were related directly to dose up to 40 Krad. Ten and 40 Krad delayed the climacteric peak for 3 days. Softening was delayed by 10 Krad and hastened by 40 and 100 Krad. At 100 Krad, ripening was lacking and the fruit severely injured. No benefit remained from any dose after 3 weeks of storage. Storage reduced the time required for ripening by 2 days, and enhanced the development of injury symptoms and pigment degradation.
Influence of Timing of Hive Introduction on Production of Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Howell G. S. , Kilby M. W. , Nelson J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Early introduction of honey bees into caged ‘Jersey’ blueberries was associated with increased yields and fruit size and suggests that hives be introduced in plantations for pollination not later than 25% of full bloom.
Growth Inhibitors and Rooting Cofactors in Relation to Rooting Response of Softwood Apple Cuttings1
Authors: Lipecki J. , Dennis F. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rooting cofactors (mung bean assay) and growth inhibitors (wheat cole op tile assay) were examined following paper chromatography of methanol extracts of bases and apices of softwood cuttings of ‘MM 106’, ‘MM 109’ and ‘EM IX’ apple (Pyrus malus L.) rootstocks sampled in June, July, and August. No correlation could be established between rooting cofactors and rooting response. Good rooting response in June and July was associated with high levels of growth inhibitors in the bases of the cuttings. Evidence is presented for the role of phloridzin as one of the active compounds in both assays.
Horticultural Crops as Sources of Proteins and Amino Acids
Authors: Kelly J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticultural crops play an important role in meeting the needs of man for vitamins and minerals. The serious problem of calorie-deficient diets can be relieved by many horticultural crops, although most of the world’s food energy is derived from grains. It is generally accepted that the most serious problem of underfed people in the less developed countries is one of protein-calorie malnutrition, particularly in infants, young children and pregnant and lactating women (1, 6). What part do horticultural crops play or what part might they play in closing the protein gap?
Breeding for Improved Nutritional Value
Authors: Tomes Mark L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I consider myself to be a geneticist and plant breeder. Although not an expert in nutrition, I have long been interested in the improvement of nutritional value through plant breeding. This interest has led to a study of the genetic control of carotene synthesis. This knowledge has been used in our breeding program to derive tomatoes with a high content of provitamin A, and to the improvement of color.
Fortification and Formulation of New Diets
Authors: King Kendall W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Throughout these sessions we have been looking for realistic approaches to the goal of achieving adequate nutrition for all the world’s people. The very complexity of the processes by which food moves from fields through commercial channels onto the world’s tables dictates that there are numerous approaches to a more adequate world food supply that are not necessarily mutually exclusive but rather complementary. Some are of short-range value; others of long-range utility. Some are very costly; others are not.
Restriction of 45Calcium Translocation into Apple Fruit by 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic Acid1
Authors: Benson Nels R. , Stahly Edward A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Calcium translocation into the fruit of the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple was restricted by applications of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) applied 2, 4, and 6 weeks after anthesis whereas Ca translocation into the leaves and into the shoots was virtually unaffected. Ca translocation was measured by introducing 0.01 m CaCl2 + 45Ca into the cut end of previously sprayed shoots and by measuring 45ca translocation into various parts. TIBA applied nearer to anthesis was more effective in decreasing Ca translocation.
Energy, Wind, and Air Temperature Relations of Screened Breeding Cages1
Authors: Goltz S. M. , Tanner C. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Manufacturer’s specifications of 43% and 20% “actual shade” were confirmed by transmittance measurements at high sun angles; however transmittance decreased (“shade” increased) with decreasing sun angles. Incident beam radiation and diffuse radiation were attenuated differently. Spectral energy distributions were unaffected by screens. Wind velocity decreased 30% across each screen wall and decreased linearly with distance inside cages. Under usual winds, air temp inside isolated cages can differ very little from outside temp. These temp may differ more within cages set in large arrays. Plant temp inside cages may differ substantially from those outside but differences would depend on solar radiation, transmission of the screen, transpiration rates, and windspeed in the cage.
A No-Cultivation Concept for Vegetable Gardening1
Authors: William R. D. , Kratky B. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A uniform and convenient herbicide application technique was developed for home vegetable gardens. 4-(Methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylanaline (nitralin) was either sprayed on the soil surface, or applied to 1 m wide sheets of water soluble plastic. A light sprinkling of water released the nitralin from the water soluble plastic and permitted soil adsorption. Weed control was excellent when 3.4 kg/ha nitralin was applied to the soil with water soluble plastic. Germinating vegetable seeds were protected from nitralin injury with a mixture of activated carbon and vermiculite. The “no-cultivation concept” may have broad horticultural application, especially in home gardens where herbicides are difficult to use.
The Merbein Bunch Count, A Method to Analyze the Performance of Grape Vines1
Authors: Antcliff A. J. , May P. , Webster W. J. , Hawkes J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method of obtaining systematic records of the growth arising at each node on grape vines (Vitis vinifera L. or interspecific hybrids including this species and various American species of Vitis) is described and illustrated. Derived variables which can be calculated from these records are listed and a code is given which enables construction of tables of the derived variables by computer.
Available Nitrogen in Rural Ecosystems: Sources and Fate1
Authors: Keeney D. R. , Walsh L. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The agri-business industry is faced with an unprecedented demand for its product – food. It has been estimated that the world food supply must be doubled just to feed the present population. There is little doubt that the technology exists to do this, given the inputs of water (if available), fertilizer, pesticides and increasing the area under cultivation. Many are seriously questioning whether our ecosystem can continue to tolerate the effects of intensive agriculture. These effects can include erosion, contamination of water supplies by sediment, fertilizer nutrients, pesticides and animal waste, and food processing wastes. Of course, other sectors of the economy also are over-stressing the environment, as witness the problems in the transportation, oil and electrical power industries.
Reduction of Pesticides From Horticultural Food Crops by Processing1
Authors: Geisman J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Agricultural productivity has markedly increased within the past two decades and is expected to continue increasing. Correlated with this has been improvement of crop quality. Both have improved the health and well-being of today’s population and may be directly associated with better control of plant pests. Control of plant pests has become both plausible and possible through the proper use of pesticides. It seems likely that control measures will continue to be improved.
Peach Seedling Responses to Dichlobenil1
Authors: Marriage P. B. , Saidak W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth of greenhouse-grown seedlings of 8 peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) cultivars was inhibited when the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) was soil-incorporated at 9 kg/ha but certain cultivars recovered. ‘Kalamazoo’ peach seedlings grew faster than the control either 5 to 11 weeks or 8 to 15 weeks after treatment when dichlobenil was placed below the soil surface in coned spot applications. Treated plants had lower impedance after cold-treatment and greater apical stem injury after freezing. ‘Rutgers’ peach seedlings had decreased stem diam and a distinct bending of the stem in response to dichlobenil.
Effect of Exogenously Supplied Abscisic Acid on a Vigorous Clonal Apple Rootstock1
Authors: Yadava U. L. , Dayton D. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) at 1 and 10 μg/ml concn supplied to growing plants of ‘EM XVIa’ (very vigorous) through grafted living conduits of the same tissue and of ‘EM IX’ (very dwarfing) was inhibitory to growth during the first 10-14 days of treatment. The ‘EM IX’ tissues also had an inhibitory effect of their own, which ABA enhanced. The higher concn was more inhibitory but not proportionately so. During the first 10 days, 1 μg/ml ABA markedly reduced solution absorption below that of water. Absorption of all solutions by ‘EM IX’ tissues was in all cases less than by those of ‘EM XVIa’. A drastic decrease in absorption was evident after 10 days.
Meiotic Irregularities Associated with a Partially Male-Sterile Red Raspberry Selection1
Authors: Virdi Bessie V. , Daubeny Hugh A. , Eaton G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Meiotic asynchrony, lagging chromosomes, chromosome bridges, and variable chromosome numbers were associated with reduced pollen fertility in a red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) selection ‘Ore-US 1314’.
Parthenocarpy of Cucumber Induced by Triiodobenzoic Acid1
Authors: Cantliffe D. J. , Robinson R. W. , Bastdorff R. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Yield of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), grown in an isolated field where pollination was reduced by rogueing plants with staminate flowers, was increased by treatment with 50 or 100 ppm triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). Parthenocarpic fruit development was induced in the greenhouse by treating plants with 0.1 - 100 ppm TIBA. The no. of fruit per plant and the site of parthenocarpic fruit development were dependent on growth regulator concn.
Measuring Uniformity of Peach Maturity1
Authors: Stembridge G. E. , Baumgardner R. A. , Johnston W. E. , Van Blaricom L. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Elberta’ peach trees were given a once-over harvest to determine uniformity of fruit maturity within trees. Harvests were made at each of 3 dates to detect changes in uniformity as the crop matured. Flesh color (Hunter “a” value) and Magness-Taylor firmness were used as maturity indices for each individual fruit. Standard deviations reflecting flesh color and firmness variances among fruit on the same tree were good objective measures of uniformity of maturity. Fruit firmness and flesh color both became less uniform as the fruit matured to a certain stage, beyond which uniformity increased.
Further Evaluation of the Reaction of “Resistant” Pear Cultivars to Fire Blight1
Authors: van der Zwet T. , Oitto W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pear cultivars, previously rated as moderately to highly resistant to fire blight, were subjected to further natural infection, supplemented by artificial inoculation with Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al. in various tissues. Of 49 cultivars evaluated, 69% remained in the same class or one class below their previous rating. There appeared to be very little correlation between the amount of blossom blight and overall degree of blight resistance in cultivars. Pear cultivars were shown to exhibit varying degrees of blight resistance in succulent shoots and woody trunk tissue.
Effects of Growth Regulators on Root and Shoot Development on Sedum Leaf Cuttings1
Authors: Boe A. A. , Stewart R. B. , Banko T. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf cuttings of sedum (Sedum rubrotinctum, Clausen) treated with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 25, 50 and 250 ppm formed the most roots whereas cuttings treated with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 500 and 1000 ppm produced the most shoots. Chemicals which induced root formation were chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA), ethyl hydrogen propyl phosphate (EHPP), and ethylene gas. Shoot production was enhanced by 6-benzlamino purine (BA), ethephon, and EHPP.
Growth Regulator Induced Branching of Poinsettia Stock Plants1
Authors: Carpenter W. J. , Beck G. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
6-(Benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydrophyranyl)-9H-purine (PBA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) sprays effectively induced increased branching and thus the no. of terminal stem cuttings from stock plants of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) cvs. Eckespoint C-1 Red and Paul Mikkelsen. Terminal stem cuttings taken 30 days after BA treatment were delayed in root formation and development. (2-Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) sprays were ineffective in increasing stock plant branching or cutting yield compared to untreated plants.