bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Dynamics in an Isolated US Military Recruit Training Center With Rigorous Prevention Measures
Authors: Lizewski Rhonda A. , Sealfon Rachel S. G. , Park Sang Woo , Smith Gregory R. , Porter Chad K. , Gonzalez-Reiche Ana S. , Ge Yongchao , Miller Clare M. , Goforth Carl W. , Pincas Hanna , Termini Michael S. , Ramos Irene , Nair Venugopalan D. , Lizewski Stephen E. , Alshammary Hala , Cer Regina Z. , Chen Hua Wei , George Mary-Catherine , Arnold Catherine E. , Glang Lindsay A. , Long Kyle A. , Malagon Francisco , Marayag Jan J. , Nunez Edgar , Rice Gregory K. , Santa Ana Ernesto , Schilling Megan A. , Smith Darci R. , Sugiharto Victor A. , Sun Peifang , van de Guchte Adriana , Khan Zenab , Dutta Jayeeta , Vangeti Sindhu , Voegtly Logan J. , Weir Dawn L. , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Troyanskaya Olga G. , Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A. , Grenfell Bryan T. , van Bakel Harm , Letizia Andrew G. , Sealfon Stuart C. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Marine recruits training at Parris Island experienced an unexpectedly high rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, despite preventive measures including a supervised, 2-week, pre-entry quarantine. We characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission in this cohort.

Methods:
Between May and November 2020, we monitored 2,469 unvaccinated, mostly male, Marine recruits prospectively during basic training. If participants tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at the end of quarantine, they were transferred to the training site in segregated companies and underwent biweekly testing for 6 weeks. We assessed the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention measures on other respiratory infections with passive surveillance data, performed phylogenetic analysis, and modeled transmission dynamics and testing regimens.

Results:
Preventive measures were associated with drastically lower rates of other respiratory illnesses. However, among the trainees, 1,107 (44.8%) tested SARS-CoV-2-positive, with either mild or no symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis of viral genomes from 580 participants revealed that all cases but one were linked to five independent introductions, each characterized by accumulation of mutations across and within companies, and similar viral isolates in individuals from the same company. Variation in company transmission rates (mean reproduction number R0; 5.5 [95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0, 6.1]) could be accounted for by multiple initial cases within a company and superspreader events. Simulations indicate that frequent rapid-report testing with case isolation may minimize outbreaks.

Conclusions:
Transmission of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 among Marine recruits was approximately twice that seen in the community. Insights from SARS-CoV-2 outbreak dynamics and mutations spread in a remote, congregate setting may inform effective mitigation strategies.
Time course of beat-to-beat blood pressure variability and outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Qu Yang , Guo Zhen-Ni , Zhang Peng , Ma Hong-Yin , Sun Ying-Ying , Ren Jia-Xin , Liu Jia , Zhang Pan-Deng , Yang Yi 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Increased blood pressure variability (BPV) over 24 h or longer was associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). However, the characteristics of beat-to-beat BPV, a rapid assessment of BPV and its association with outcome in ICH patients remain unknown.

Methods:
We consecutively and prospectively recruited patients with ICH between June 2014 and December 2020. Five-minute noninvasive beat-to-beat recordings were measured serially at three time points, 1–2, 4–6 and 10–12 days after ICH onset. BPV was calculated using standard deviation (SD) and variation independent of mean (VIM). Favourable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of less than 2 at 90 days.

Results:
The analysis included 66 participants (54.12 ± 10.79 years; 71.2% men) and 66 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Compared with that in healthy adults, beat-to-beat BPV was significantly increased 1–2 days after ICH and was completely recovered 10–12 days later. BPV recorded 1–2 days after ICH onset was higher among patients with unfavourable outcomes than among those with favourable outcomes (all P < 0.05) and higher BPV on days 1–2 was independently associated with a 3-month unfavourable outcome after adjustment for major covariates.

Conclusion:
Beat-to-beat BPV was significantly increased among patients with ICH and could be completely recovered 10–12 days later. In addition, beat-to-beat BPV 1–2 days after ICH was independently associated with prognosis and could be regarded as a potential prognostic predictor and effective therapeutic target in the future.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism improves transient receptor potential vanilloid 4-dependent dilation of cerebral parenchymal arterioles and cognition in a genetic model of hypertension
Authors: Chambers Laura C. , Diaz-Otero Janice M. , Fisher Courtney L. , Jackson William F. , Dorrance Anne M. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
In a model of secondary hypertension, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism during the development of hypertension prevents the impairment of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) activation in parenchymal arterioles (PAs) and cognitive impairment. However, it is unknown whether MR antagonism can improve these impairments when treatment begins after the onset of essential hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that MR activation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) leads to impaired TRPV4-mediated dilation in PAs that is associated with cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation.

Methods:
20–22-week-old male SHRSP ± eplerenone (EPL; 100 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks) were compared to normotensive Sprague−Dawley (SD) rats. Pressure myography was used to assess PA function. Cognition was tested using Y-maze. Neuroinflammation was assessed using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR.

Results:
Carbachol-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation was impaired in SHRSP, and MR antagonism improved this without affecting myogenic tone. Dilation to TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A was impaired in SHRSP, and ELP treatment restored this. Intermediate conductance potassium channel (IKCa)/small conductance potassium channel (SKCa)-mediated dilation was impaired by hypertension and unaffected by EPL treatment. TRPV4 and IKCa/SKCa channel mRNA expression were reduced in PAs from hypertensive rats, and EPL did not improve this. Impairments in PA dilation in SHRSP were associated with cognitive decline, microglial activation, reactive astrogliosis, and neuroinflammation; cognitive and inflammatory changes were improved with MR blockade.

Conclusions:
These data advance our understanding of the effects of hypertension on cerebral arterioles using a clinically relevant model and treatment paradigm. Our studies suggest TRPV4 and the MR are potential therapeutic targets to improve cerebrovascular function and cognition during hypertension.
Presbyopic Corneal Inlay Extrusion Consequent to Sterile Keratolysis: Surgical Revision and Long-Term Management
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report a serious complication of early sterile keratolysis associated with a presbyopia inlay implantation combined with hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods:
A 55-year-old hyperopic man underwent uneventful topography-guided bilateral femtosecond laser-assisted hyperopic LASIK, combined with same-day polymer refractive inlay implantation in the nondominant eye for additional presbyopia correction. Within 2 months, anterior sterile keratolysis and partial extrusion required surgical explantation of the inlay, and long-term medical management over 9 years achieved effective visual rehabilitation documented also with corneal imaging.

Results:
Immediate postoperative results were binocular 20/20 uncorrected distance visual acuity and J1 uncorrected near visual acuity. The early progressive anterior sterile keratolysis and partial extrusion necessitated surgical explantation at 2 months, severe anterior scarring of the perforated flap area and severe focal flattening of the cornea of over 10 diopters, developed despite aggressive topical corticosteroid use. The uncorrected distance visual acuity in the OS dropped from 20/25 to 20/400. The LASIK flap portion that underwent keratolysis and perforated, remodeled long-term from a scarred, epithelial plug with early significant surface concavity to evidently a mild subepithelial localized hazy area with regularized curvature over a period of 9 years.

Conclusions:
Some refractive synthetic corneal inlays have been recalled because they may result in significant corneal haze. We present herein a case of severe keratolysis that necessitated surgical explantation and further document long-term care for eventual visual rehabilitation.
Unintentional Descemet Cleft Introduces Novel Mechanism of Maintenance of Corneal Clarity
Authors: Sherif Noha A. , Fleischman David , Knight O'Rese J. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report a case of corneal transparency for 7 months after the formation and persistence of a Descemet fluid cleft.

Methods:
We report the case of a 64-year-old woman undergoing anterior chamber reformation 2 months after Baerveldt implantation of the right eye. During the procedure, the ophthalmic viscoelastic was inadvertently injected into the posterior stroma, nearly isolating the corneal endothelial cell layer, and creating a Descemet fluid cleft filled with viscoelastic. The patient was managed conservatively and monitored near monthly for corneal decompensation.

Results:
The cornea remained centrally clear for 207 days after the initial anterior chamber reformation until the collapse of the viscoelastic cleft. When the cleft completely collapsed, the cornea became diffusely edematous, and the patient underwent cataract removal and intraocular lens placement without need for Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty to maintain vision. During these 7 months, the patient's best-corrected visual acuity remained stable at 20/25+2 or better. Intraocular pressure was also stable, averaging 18.2 mm Hg.

Conclusions:
We hypothesize that corneal transparency can be maintained in the absence of endothelial cell function provided that aqueous humor cannot reach the cornea and disrupt the arrangement of the interfibrillar space.
Analysis of Changes in High-order Aberration and Contrast Sensitivity After Epiblepharon Surgery
Authors: Na Jeong Ho , Lee Soo Jung 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To investigate changes in corneal anterior high-order aberration (HOA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) before and after epiblepharon surgery.

Methods:
A retrospective observational analysis of the degree of corneal erosion, HOAs and CS was conducted in the OD and OS, respectively, before and after epiblepharon surgery. The correlations between corneal erosion, HOAs, and CS were analyzed.

Results:
Forty-nine patients were included in the study. Among the anterior HOAs, total HOA, coma, and trefoil showed significant improvement after surgery (P = 0.003, P = 0.009, and P = 0.018, respectively). In the CS test, there was a significant improvement in CS after surgery at 1.1 cycles per degree (cpd) under photopic conditions, regardless of glare. Preoperative correlation analysis between HOAs and corneal erosion showed a significant positive correlation with total HOA (P = 0.001) and coma (P = 0.001). Preoperative correlation analysis between CS and corneal erosion showed a significant negative correlation at 1.1 cpd with glare under photopic conditions (P = 0.049). A negative correlation was also observed between CS under mesopic and photopic conditions and total HOA both before and after surgery.

Conclusion:
Significant improvement in corneal anterior HOAs and CS at 1.1 cpd under photopic conditions was observed after epiblepharon surgery. Total HOA of anterior cornea showed a negative correlation with CS. A decrease in HOAs and recovery of corneal erosion after epiblepharon surgery will help improve CS.
Past Asbestos Exposure in Rolling Stock Manufacturing in the Absence of Environmental Monitoring: An Original Method
Authors: Silvestri Stefano , Ciapini Cesare , Innocenti Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The aim of this study is the reconstruction of asbestos exposure in absence of environmental monitoring data, to use the results in a cohort study of railway rolling stock workers.

Methods
To reconstruct past exposures, the production data (number of rolling stock and asbestos content) and working methods were reconstructed with former employees and company documentation, literature data, and author expertise.

Results
The result of the work is a job/exposure matrix from 1956 to 1979, when sprayed asbestos was used as insulator of the metal bodies. Annual exposure estimate varies from 0.08 to 4.9 fb/mL depending on the specific jobs. Thirty-one mesotheliomas with occupational exposure, one with environmental and one with family exposures, were identified.

Conclusions
The originality of the study consists on the use of company production data to establish frequency duration of asbestos exposure.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Inversely Associated With Aortic Arterial Stiffness in Firefighters
Authors: Nagel Tom R. , Melton Bridget F. , Keeler Jason M. , Cross Brett L. , Blumenburg Wesley T. , Flatt Andrew A. , Stoner Lee , Grosicki Gregory J. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), expressed as VO2max (mL/kg/min), is associated with resting AS (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [cf-PWV]) and the AS response to simulated fire suppression activities in firefighters.

Methods
In firefighters (n = 20, 34 ± 8 years), AS was determined using cf-PWV (m/s) before and after a fire simulation exercise. VO2max was determined using a standard treadmill protocol. Linear regression models, adjusted for body fat percentage, are reported as unstandardized (b) and standardized (β) betas (effect sizes).

Results
H1: there was a moderate (ie, β = 0.5–0.8), inverse association between cf-PWV and VO2max (b = −0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.14 to −0.02; β = 0.71). H2: there was a moderate, positive association between ∆cf-PWV and VO2max (b = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.00–0.10; β = 0.62).

Conclusions
These findings indicate that CRF may protect against arterial stiffening in firefighters.
Low-Dose Occupational Exposure to Nickel and Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Monti Carlo , Giammichele Grazia , Antuono Vittorio , Loreti Beatrice , Tomei Francesco , De Marco Federica , Massimi Roberto , Marchione Stefania , Suppi Anastasia , Tomei Gianfranco , Ricci Serafino 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-dose exposure to nickel, as it is present in urban air, on thyroid hormones and on thyrotropin in outdoor workers exposed to urban pollutants.

Materials and Methods
A total of 164 outdoor workers were studied and divided by sex and smoking habit. Each worker underwent measurement of urinary nickel and of blood triiodothyronine, L-thyroxine, and thyrotropin levels. The statistical analysis was performed.

Results
Statistical analysis shows a significant and positive correlation between urinary nickel and L-thyroxine, both in total sample and in males.

Discussion and Conclusion
The study suggests that occupational exposure to a low dose of nickel may affect thyroid function in municipal police workers. These data may provide information on other categories of outdoor workers with similar exposure.
Antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Lanckohr Christian , Bracht Hendrik 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
The optimal use of antimicrobials is necessary to slow resistance development and improve patient outcomes. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a bundle of interventions aimed at promoting the responsible use of antiinfectives. The ICU is an important field of activity for AMS because of high rates of antimicrobial use, high prevalence of resistant pathogens and complex pharmacology. This review discusses aims and interventions of AMS with special emphasis on the ICU.

Recent findings
AMS-interventions can improve the quality and quantity of antimicrobial prescribing in the ICU without compromising patient outcomes. The de-escalation of empiric therapy according to microbiology results and the limitation of treatment duration are important steps to reduce resistance pressure. Owing to the complex nature of critical illness, the pharmacological optimization of antimicrobial therapy is an important goal in the ICU. AMS-objectives and strategies are also applicable to patients with sepsis. This is reflected in the most recent guidelines by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. AMS-interventions need to be adapted to their respective setting and be mindful of local prescribing cultures and prescribers’ attitudes.

Summary
AMS in the ICU is effective and safe. Intensivists should be actively involved in AMS-programs and propagate responsible use of antimicrobials.
Systematic review of the application of virtual reality to improve balance, gait and motor function in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Ahmad Ashfaq , Bandpei Muhammad Ali Mohseni , Farooq Maryam , Iram Humaira , e Fatima Rida 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Virtual reality (VR) is an advanced technique used in physical rehabilitation of neurological disorders, however the effects of VR on balance, gait, and motor function in people with Parkinson’s (PD) are still debated. Therefore, the systematic review aimed to determine the role of VR on motor function, balance and gait in PD patients.

Methods:
A comprehensive search to identify similar randomised controlled trials was conducted targeting 5 databases including Web of Science, PubMed, CINHAL, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. A total of 25 studies were found eligible for this systematic review, and the methodological assessment of the quality rating of the studies was accomplished using the physiotherapy evidence database scale by 2 authors.

Results:
Out of the 25 included studies, 14 studies reported on balance as the primary outcome, 9 studies were conducted to assess motor function, and 12 assessed gait as the primary outcome. Most studies used the Unified Parkinson disease rating scale UPDRS (part-III) for evaluating motor function and the Berg Balance Scale as primary outcome measure for assessing balance. A total of 24 trials were conducted in clinical settings, and only 1 study was home-based VR trainings. Out of 9 studies on motor function, 6 reported equal improvement of motor function as compared to other groups. In addition, VR groups also revealed superior results in improving static balance among patient with PD.

Conclusion:
This systemic review found that the use of VR resulted in substantial improvements in balance, gait, and motor skills in patients with PD when compared to traditional physical therapy exercises or in combination with treatments other than physical therapy. Moreover, VR can be used as a supportive method for physical rehabilitation in patients of PD. However, the majority of published studies were of fair and good quality, suggesting a demand for high quality research in this area.
Posterior temporary fixation of C1–C2 screw-rod system for unstable C1 burst fracture
Authors: Chen Yun-lin , Hu Xu-dong , Wang Yang , Jiang Wei-yu , Ma Wei-hu 
Published: August 2022

Whether an unstable C1 burst fracture should be treated surgically or conservatively is controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and motion-preserving function of temporary fixation of C1–C2 screw-rod system for the reduction and fixation of unstable C1 burst fracture.
We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients who were treated with posterior C1–C2 temporary fixation without fusion. We assessed age at surgery, gender, pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), atlanto-dens interval (ADI), lateral mass distance (LMD), and rotation function of C1–C2 complex.
Six males and 4 females were included in our study. The average follow-up duration was 14.1 ± 1.37 months. The left-to-right ROMs of C1–C2 rotation was 9.6° ± 1.42°. The preoperative cervical VAS was 8.30 ± 0.48; the postoperative cervical VAS of C1–C2 fusion was 2.90 ± 0.57. The preoperative VAS for removal was 2.0 ± 0.00, and the postoperative VAS for removal was 2.3 ± 0.48. The preoperative cervical NDI was 81.40% ± 2.07%, the postoperative cervical NDI of C1–C2 fusion was 18.10% ± 1.52%. The preoperative NDI for removal was 15.9% ± 1.20%. The postoperative NDI for removal was 14.5% ± 1.08%. The preoperative ADI was 4.43 ± 0.34 mm, and postoperative ADI was 1.94 ± 0.72 mm. The preoperative LMD was 6.36 ± 0.58 mm, and postoperative LMD was 1.64 ± 0.31 mm.
Posterior temporary C1–C2 fixation can achieve a good fusion and satisfied reduction of C1 fracture, relieve the pain, improve the cervical function outcome, but may reduce the rotational range of motion of C1–C2. Posterior C1–C2 temporary fixation without fusion was not suitable for C1 burst fracture. We recommend permanent C1–C2 fixation and fusion for C1 burst fracture if surgery is necessary.
Emerging trends in sacubitril/valsartan research: A bibliometric analysis of the years 1995–2021
Authors: Lai Ping , Xue Jin-Hua , Xie Mu-Jin , Ye Jin-Hua , Tian Ke-Jun , Ling Jia-Yuan , Zhong Wen-Ting , Chen Dong , Zhong Yi-Ming , Liao Yong-Ling 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Sacubitril/valsartan has been approved for the treatment of heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction; since then, it gradually became a new star drug in the therapy of HF. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan remains under investigation. Thus far, only a few bibliometric studies have systematically analyzed the application of sacubitril/valsartan.

Methods:
Publications on sacubitril/valsartan were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on April 29, 2021. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 (Redmond, WA), VOS viewer (Redmond, WA), and Cite Space V (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA).

Results:
A total of 1309 publications on sacubitril/valsartan published from 1995 to 2021 were retrieved. The number of publications regarding sacubitril/valsartan increased sharply in the last 6 years (2015–2021), and American scholars authored >40% of those publications. Most were published in the European Journal of Heart Failure, the United States was the bellwether with a solid academic reputation in this area. Solomon published the highest number of related articles and was the most frequently cited author. “Heart failure” was the leading research hotspot. The keywords, “inflammation,” “fibrosis,” and “oxidative stress” appeared most recently as research fronts.

Conclusions:
Research attention should be focused on clinical trial outcomes. Considering its effectiveness in HF, the mechanisms and further applications of sacubitril/valsartan may become research hotspots in the future and should be closely examined.