bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of spatial experience and group size for ant colonies in direct competition
Authors: Subach Aziz , Avidov Bar , Dorfman Arik , Bega Darar , Gilad Tomer , Kvetny Mark , Reshef May Hershkovitz , Foitzik Susanne , Scharf Inon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnimals often search for food more efficiently with experience. However, the contribution of experience to foraging success under direct competition has rarely been examined. Here we used colonies of an individually foraging desert ant to investigate the value of spatial experience. First, we trained worker groups of equal numbers to solve either a complex or a simple maze. We then tested pairs of both groups against one another in reaching a food reward. This task required solving the same complex maze that one of the groups had been trained in, to determine which group would exploit better the food reward. The worker groups previously trained in the complex mazes reached the food reward faster and more of these workers fed on the food than those trained in simple mazes, but only in the intermediate size group. To determine the relative importance of group size versus spatial experience in exploiting food patches, we then tested smaller trained worker groups against larger untrained ones. The larger groups outcompeted the smaller ones, despite the latter's advantage of spatial experience. The contribution of spatial experience, as found here, appears to be small, and depends on group size: an advantage of a few workers of the untrained group over the trained group negates its benefits.
Playing games with the weather: A card game method for engaging households in conversations about renewable energy generation and everyday practice
Authors: Martin Rex , Strengers Yolande 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article examines the potential of a novel card game method designed to provide insights into connections between mundane everyday practices and renewable energy generation. The method was developed as part of an ethnographic project exploring Australian householders’ experiences of weather and climate and evaluating their impacts on everyday practices and localised energy production. The card game drew inspiration from other similar methods and exemplifies intentional underdesign. Such design describes deliberately unrefined research methods meant to provoke participant engagement and playfulness because they are incomplete, irrelevant, or inadequate and thereby draw out tacit and unexamined lay expertise. Examples from the project reported in the article show how the card game method facilitated conversations revealing how weather knowledge and understandings inform awareness of renewable energy availability and practices that depend on it. We conclude that the card game method can help researchers explore relationships that exist across weather, energy, and practice. We also propose other areas where this method and intentional underdesign could generate more productive insights for geographers and others in allied disciplines.
A novel perspective of Australian primary care dietetics: Insights from an exploratory study using complex adaptive systems theory
Authors: Kirkegaard Amy , Ball Lauren , Mitchell Lana , Williams Lauren T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsEffective quality improvement strategies are essential to enhancing outcomes of dietetic care. Interventions informed by complex adaptive systems theory have demonstrated effectiveness in other healthcare settings. This study aimed to explore primary care dietetics practice using complex adaptive systems theory and to identify factors that individuals across the healthcare system can examine and address to improve the quality of dietetic care.MethodsQualitative analysis of semi‐structured interviews of healthcare consumers and professionals involved in the provision of dietetic care. Data collection and analysis was guided by a complexity‐informed conceptual framework. The Framework Method was used to code transcripts and identify themes describing primary care dietetics.ResultsTwenty‐three consumers and 26 primary care professionals participated. Participants described dietetic care as being delivered by individuals organised into formal and informal systems that were influenced by the wider environment, including legal, economic, and socio‐cultural systems. Dietitians described interactions with consumers as a learning opportunity and sought education, mentoring, or supervision to address knowledge and skill gaps. Relationships underpinned transfer of information between individuals.ConclusionComplex adaptive systems theory proved to be a useful conceptual framework for primary care dietetics. Factors identified at the macro (e.g., funding), meso (e.g., professional networks), and micro (e.g., consumer education) levels should be examined and addressed to improve the quality of dietetic care.
How have temporary Medicare telehealth item numbers impacted the use of dietetics services in primary care settings?
Authors: Kelly Jaimon T. , Ahmadvand Alireza , Snoswell Centaine , Ball Lauren 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to describe the quantity and cost of in‐person and telehealth dietetics services reimbursed under Australia's Medicare Benefits Scheme, before and during the coronavirus pandemic.MethodsPublicly available Medicare Benefits Scheme dietetics service activity data were extracted from an online database, between January 2019 and June 2021. For allied health telehealth items, it was assumed that between 10% and 20% of all consults were dietetic related.ResultsDietetics service claims reimbursed through the Medicare Benefits Scheme averaged 115 thousand per quarter in 2019. In quarter 2 of 2020, service delivery dropped by 25% compared to quarter 1 of 2020 and 32% compared to 2019. This drop recovered in quarters 3 and 4, with dietetic consultations claimed through the Medicare Benefits Scheme remaining relatively comparable to 2019 data. Dietetics services cost AUD 5,868,021 in quarter 1 2019 and AUD 5,742,632 in quarter 1 2020. Since the introduction of allied health telehealth items, the number of consultations claimed per quarter has accounted for between 17.7% (quarter 2 2020) and 4.5% (quarter 2 2021) of all consultations per quarter.ConclusionsThe provision and costs of dietetics services in Australia have remained relatively constant compared to 2019 data, indicating telehealth was being used for substitutive rather than additive care, apart from an initial reduction of 25% between March and June 2020. The introduction of telehealth items for dietitians has been modest, peaking at 17.7% and now consistently averaging 5% of total dietetics services. The permanent implementation of telehealth items is unlikely to cause significant increases in cost or access and will assist Australians to eat better to support improved chronic disease outcomes.
Predicting Near‐Term Effects of Climate Change on Nitrogen Transport to Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Ator Scott , Schwarz Gregory E. , Sekellick Andrew J. , Bhatt Gopal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding effects of climate change on nitrogen fate and transport in the environment is critical to nutrient management. We used climate projections within a previously calibrated spatially referenced regression (SPARROW) model to predict effects of expected climate change over 1995 through 2025 on total nitrogen fluxes to Chesapeake Bay and in watershed streams. Assuming nitrogen inputs and other watershed conditions remain at 2012 levels, effects of increasing temperature, runoff, streamflow, and stream velocity expected between 1995 and 2025 will include an estimated net 6.5% decline in annual nitrogen delivery to the bay from its watershed. This predicted decline is attributable to declines in the delivery of nitrogen from upland nonpoint sources to streams due to predicted warmer temperatures. Such temperature‐driven declines in the delivery of nitrogen to streams more than offset predicted increased delivery to and within streams due to increased runoff and streamflow and may be attributable to increasing rates of denitrification or ammonia volatilization or to changes in plant phenology. Predicted climate‐driven declines in nitrogen flux are generally similar across the watershed but vary slightly among major nonpoint source sectors and tributary watersheds. Nitrogen contributions to the bay from point sources are not affected by temperature‐driven changes in delivery from uplands and are therefore predicted to increase slightly between 1995 and 2025.
Understanding transient technology use among smallholder farmers in Africa: A dynamic programming approach
Authors: Chen Maolong , Hu Chaoran , Myers Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article studies the causes and effects of transient use of agricultural technology. Most existing studies have assumed that adoption of modern technology is irreversible, and widely ignored the switching between technologies that is often observed in practice. To more fully understand the pattern of agricultural technology adoption, this article takes switching behavior into account and develops a dynamic switching model to analyze transient technology use. The conceptual model is then calibrated and simulated using dynamic programming, and numerical results show that relative profitability, switching costs, and farmer's foresight are important influences on the pattern of transient technology use. Switching costs play a key role in preventing farmers from adopting new technologies, even when they appear otherwise profitable, and can cause farmers to switch back to traditional technologies, even when the move appears otherwise irrational. Also, smallholder farmers, differentiated based on their perception of switching costs and future economic conditions, exhibit heterogeneous decision rules and adoption patterns. Therefore, policies targeted at increasing technology adoption will be more effective if they differentiate specific types of farmers.
The association of socioeconomic deprivation with access and survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in New Zealand
Authors: Belyaev Andrei M. , Lewis Clinton , Doocey Richard , Bergin Colleen J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic deprivation (SED) is a risk factor for reduced survival of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. This study aimed to evaluate access and long‐term survival of HSCT recipients.MethodsThis was a hospital HSCT Registry‐based retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent HSCT from January 2010 to June 2020 were identified. HSCT recipients younger than 16 years of age, patients who reported their residential address as a post office box or the Department of Corrections, and those who left the country after HSCT were excluded from the study. HSCT recipients with the 2018 New Zealand deprivation index (NZDep2018) deciles 8, 9, and 10 were assigned to the higher SED group and those with NZDep2018 deciles from 1 to 7 were allocated to the lower SED group. The total number of New Zealanders in the higher and lower SED strata was obtained from the 2018 Census.ResultsEight hundred fifty‐one HSCT recipients met the eligibility criteria. HSCT recipients from the higher and lower SED strata of the New Zealand population had similar access to HSCT (odds ratio = .9; 95% confidence interval (CI): .77–1.04; p = .155). Mortality in the higher and lower SED groups of HSCT recipients was 9.6/100 person‐years (95% CI: 7.7–12/100 person‐years) and 8.1/100 person‐years (95% CI: 6.9–9.4/100 person‐years), respectively. The mortality ratio was 1.2 (95% CI: .9–1.6), p = .098. Both groups had similar survival.ConclusionNew Zealand residents from the higher and lower SED strata have similar access to HSCT. SED is not associated with reduced survival in adult HSCT recipients.
Current status and temporal trend of disease burden of thyroid cancer in China from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Ni , Liang Xiao‐Yu , Li Mao‐Ting , Zhi Xin‐Yue , Yan Qiu‐Yu , Zhu Hong , Xie Juan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThyroid cancer has been an increasingly high‐profile public health issue. Comprehensive assessment for its disease burden seems particularly important for understanding health priorities and hinting high‐risk populations.MethodsWe estimated the age‐sex‐specific thyroid cancer burden and its temporal trend in China from 1990 to 2019 by following the general methods from the global burden of disease (GBDs) 2019 Study. And Joinpoint regression model, the Cox‐Stuart trend test, and Cochran‐Armitage test were applied for the analysis of temporal and age trend. The Mantel‐Haenszel statistical method was used to compare the gender difference.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the age‐standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer in China has almost doubled to 2.05 per 100,000. Although the mortality rate and DALY rate kept leveling off, they presented a downtrend among females, while an upward trend in males. While the average annual percentage changes of those metrics all became deline since 2010 than the previous years. With age advancing, the rates of incidence, mortality, and DALYs for both sexes all presented linear fashion increases, which was particularly typical among males.ConclusionGiven the serious trend and gender‐age heterogeneity of Chinese thyroid cancer burden, male gender and advanced age may be related to poor prognosis of thyroid cancer, and strengthening primary prevention and exploring the underlying risk factors should be among the top priorities.
Timing and temporal trends of influenza and pertussis vaccinations during pregnancy in three Australian jurisdictions: The Links2HealthierBubs population‐based linked cohort study, 2012–2017
Authors: Mchugh Lisa , Van Buynder Paul , Sarna Mohinder , Andrews Ross M. , Moore Hannah C. , Binks Michael J. , Pereira Gavin , Blyth Christopher C. , Lust Karin , Foo Damien , Regan Annette K. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAntenatal inactivated influenza (IIV) and pertussis‐containing vaccines (dTpa) offer protection against severe respiratory infections for pregnant women and infants <6 months of age. Both vaccines are recommended in pregnancy; however, little is known about temporal or jurisdictional trends and predictors of uptake.AimsTo identify gaps and predictors of IIV and/or dTpa vaccinations in Australian pregnancies from 2012 to 2017.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a probabilistically linked, multi‐jurisdictional population‐based cohort study, drawing from perinatal data collections and immunisation databases. We used a generalised linear mixed model with a random effect term to account for clustering of multiple pregnancies within mothers, to calculate vaccination uptake, and identify predictors of uptake by maternal demographic, pregnancy, and health characteristics.ResultsOf 591 868 unique pregnancies, IIV uptake was 15%, dTpa 27% and 12% received both vaccines. Pertussis vaccinations in First Nations pregnancies were 20% lower than non‐Indigenous pregnancies; dTpa was strongly associated with IIV uptake (risk ratio (RR): 8.60, 95% CI 8.48–8.73). This trend was temporally and jurisdictionally consistent. First Nations women were more likely to have had IIV in pregnancy before the introduction of dTpa in the pregnancy program: (RR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.40–1.57), but less likely after dTpa implementation (RR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.76–0.80).ConclusionsInequity in vaccine uptake between First Nations and non‐Indigenous pregnancies, and dismal rates of vaccination in pregnancy overall need urgent review, particularly before the next influenza pandemic or pertussis outbreak. If antenatal dTpa is driving IIV uptake, changes in antenatal healthcare practices are needed to ensure vaccines are offered equitably and optimally to protect against infection.
Population pharmacokinetics of cabotegravir following administration of oral tablet and long‐acting intramuscular injection in adult HIV‐1‐infected and uninfected subjects
Authors: Han Kelong , Baker Mark , Lovern Mark , Paul Prokash , Xiong Yuan , Patel Parul , Moore Katy P. , Seal Ciara S. , Cutrell Amy G. , D'Amico Ronald D. , Benn Paul D. , Landovitz Raphael J. , Marzinke Mark A. , Spreen William R. , Ford Susan L. 
Published: June 2022

AimTo characterize cabotegravir population pharmacokinetics using data from phase 1, 2 and 3 studies and evaluate the association of intrinsic and extrinsic factors with pharmacokinetic variability.MethodsAnalyses were implemented in NONMEM and R. Concentrations below the quantitation limit were modelled with likelihood‐based approaches. Covariate relationships were evaluated using forward addition (P < .01) and backward elimination (P < .001) approaches. The impact of each covariate on trough and peak concentrations was evaluated through simulations. External validation was performed using prediction‐corrected visual predictive checks.ResultsThe model‐building dataset included 23 926 plasma concentrations from 1647 adult HIV‐1‐infected (72%) and uninfected (28%) subjects in 16 studies at seven dose levels (oral 10‐60 mg, long‐acting [LA] intramuscular injection 200‐800 mg). A two‐compartment model with first‐order oral and LA absorption and elimination adequately described the data. Clearances and volumes were scaled to body weight. Estimated relative bioavailability of oral to LA was 75.6%. Race and age were not significant covariates. LA absorption rate constant (KALA) was 50.9% lower in females and 47.8% higher if the LA dose was given as two split injections. KALA decreased with increasing BMI and decreasing needle length. Clearance was 17.4% higher in current smokers. The impact of any covariate was ≤32% on trough and peak concentrations following LA administration. The final model adequately predicted 5097 plasma concentrations from 647 subjects who were not included in the model‐building dataset.ConclusionsA cabotegravir population pharmacokinetic model was developed that can be used to inform dosing strategies and future study design. No dose adjustment based on subject covariates is recommended.
Infrastructure, smart cities and the knowledge economy: Lessons for policymakers from the Toronto Quayside project
Authors: Haggart Blayne , Spicer Zachary 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSidewalk Labs' Quayside project in Toronto demonstrates how information technologies are shaping cities' core governance functions. This article focuses on the rules governing decisions to collect, use and disseminate data in data‐intensive urban‐infrastructure projects. We propose a methodological framework grounded in the multidisciplinary literature on data governance and apply it to the Quayside project, demonstrating how Waterfront Toronto's failure to ask basic questions at the project's outset forced it into retroactive improvisations that allowed Sidewalk Labs to lead and propose data‐governance policies primarily in the company's economic interests. We offer recommendations for how cities and other public entities can avoid such mistakes and better analyze knowledge‐intensive infrastructure projects.
An antiracist, anticolonial agenda for urban greening and conservation
Authors: Mullenbach Lauren E. , Breyer Betsy , Cutts Bethany B. , Rivers Louie , Larson Lincoln R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProductive discourse regarding the role of racism and colonialism in conservation is growing but still limited. Inadequate recognition of these powerful forces has significantly impeded socially just conservation efforts. This paper integrates multiple disciplinary perspectives to discuss historical conservation practices in the United States and abroad to reveal challenges with moving beyond traditional approaches to conservation that perpetuate systemic racism and colonialism. Using urban greening (e.g., tree planting) in the United States as an example, we show how these challenges manifest as White ideals of nature, power disparities, and displacement and exclusion. We then put forth an agenda for antiracist, anticolonial urban conservation and urban greening. This agenda uses the tripartite environmental justice framework (i.e., distributional, recognition, and procedural justice) as a starting point, integrating and adapting more critical views of contemporary environmental justice to highlight specific policies and practices that can be applied to many conservation problems.
Evidence of deterrence from patrol data: Trialling application of a differenced‐CPUE metric
Authors: Dancer Anthony , Keane Aidan , Beale Colin M. , Dobson Andrew D. M. , Amin Rajan , Freeman Robin , Imong Inaoyom , Jones Kate , Linkie Matthew , Long Barney , Okeke Francis O. , Plumptre Andrew J. , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Stokes Emma J. , van der Westhuizen Elsabé , Collen Ben 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRanger‐led law enforcement patrols are the primary, site‐level response to – and the most common source of data on – illegal activity threatening wildlife in protected areas. Yet evidence that patrols effectively deter rule‐breaking is limited, and common management metrics for evaluating deterrence, which use ranger‐collected data, are particularly vulnerable to bias. “Differenced plots” (of the association between change in patrol effort and subsequent change in illegal activity) were recently proposed as a simple, new metric for deterrence, which, in tests with simulated patrol data, were more robust than the common alternatives. Here, we trial application of differenced plots to real patrol data collected in four protected areas, and explore methods for applying the metric in practice, using two indicators of rule‐breaking: snares, and people. We find evidence which is consistent with deterrence in some but not all sites, over shorter timescales than observed hitherto: increases in patrol effort were associated with subsequent reductions in snaring in one site, and in the presence of people in two sites. However, whether pressure on wildlife had been reduced or merely displaced was unclear from differenced plots, nor could the metric confirm absence of deterrence, raising questions for future applications. Our findings suggest differenced plots can be a useful metric, particularly for exploring variation in deterrence within sites, but should be applied and interpreted with care, and further work is urgently needed to determine whether and how patrols deter illegal activity, and to evaluate the effect reliably.
Survival and risk of vascular complications in myelofibrosis—A population‐based study from the Swedish MPN group
Authors: Lindgren Marie , Andréasson Björn , Samuelsson Jan , Pettersson Helna , Enblom‐Larsson Anneli , Ravn‐Landtblom Anna , Scheding Stefan , Bentham Carolina , Ahlstrand Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo gain knowledge of underlying risk factors for vascular complications and their impact on life expectancy in myelofibrosis.MethodsFrom a cohort of 392 myelofibrosis patients registered in the Swedish MPN registry 58 patients with vascular complications during follow‐up were identified. Patients with vascular complications were compared with both 1:1 matched controls and the entire myelofibrosis cohort to explore potential risk factors for vascular complications and their impact on survival.ResultsIncidence of vascular complications was 2.8 events per 100 patient‐years and the majority of complications were thrombotic. Patients with complications were significantly older and had lower hemoglobin when compared to the entire cohort. In the case–control analysis, no significant risk factor differences were observed. The major cause of death was vascular complications and median survival was significantly impaired in patients with vascular complications (48 months) compared to controls (92 months). Inferior survival in patients with vascular complications was found to be dependent on IPSS risk category in a Cox regression model.ConclusionVascular complications have a considerable impact on survival in MF. At diagnosis, risk assessment by IPSS does not only predict survival but is also associated with the risk of vascular complications.