bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global meta‐analysis of indicators for assessing forest soil quality through comparison between paired plantations versus natural forests
Authors: Yang Kai , Diao Mengmeng , Zhu Jiaojun , Lu Deling , Zhang Weidong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoil quality is defined as the capacity of soil to sustain biological productivity and healthy environments. More than 30 physical, chemical, and microbial properties have been used to assess soil quality status. However, using specific properties to represent forest soil quality remains ambiguous. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of paired natural and plantation forests using 104 articles and 26 soil indices to evaluate soil quality indicators. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to choose a minimum dataset (MDS) of soil quality indicators. Significant differences in 16 indices of soil properties, including 1 physical, 5 chemical and 10 microbial properties, were found between soils in natural versus plantation forests. The PCA and correlation analysis indicated that 7 indices, including total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), fungal biomass, bacterial biomass, and hydrolytic enzymes, can be used to establish an MDS that explains 76.8% of the data variation. Based on the MDS, total C and N, MBC, MBN, fungal biomass, bacterial biomass and hydrolytic enzymes contribute 17.9%, 14.9%, 22.2%, 16.7%, 15.2%, 8.3%, and 4.8% to the soil quality, respectively. The climate, stand age and tree species affect the intensity of variation in these 7 soil indicators, not the variation direction of these soil indicators. Our study indicates that soil C and N values and microbial properties are important forest soil quality indicators and that the intensity of variation in these soil indicators depends on the climate, stand age and tree species planted.
Crystalline Carbosilane‐Based Block Copolymers: Synthesis by Anionic Polymerization and Morphology Evaluation in the Bulk State
Authors: Hübner Hanna , Niebuur Bart‐Jan , Janka Oliver , Gemmer Lea , Koch Marcus , Kraus Tobias , Kickelbick Guido , Stühn Bernd , Gallei Markus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlock copolymers (BCPs) in the bulk state are known to self‐assemble into different morphologies depending on their polymer segment ratio. For polymers with amorphous and crystalline BCP segments, the crystallization process can be influenced significantly by the corresponding bulk morphology. Herein, the synthesis of the amorphous‐crystalline BCP poly(dimethyl silacyclobutane)‐block‐poly(2vinyl pyridine), (PDMSB‐b‐P2VP), by living anionic polymerization is reported. Polymers with overall molar masses ranging from 17 400 g to 592 200 g mol−1 and PDMSB contents of 4.8–83.9 vol% are synthesized and characterized by size‐exclusion chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. The bulk morphology of the obtained polymers is investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and small angle X‐ray scattering, revealing a plethora of self‐assembled structures, providing confined and nonconfined conditions. Subsequently, the influence of the previously determined morphologies and their resulting confinement on the crystallinity and crystallization behavior of PDMSB is analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry and powder X‐ray diffraction. Here, fractionated crystallization and supercooling effects are observable as well as different diffraction patterns of the PDMSB crystallites for confined and nonconfined domains.
Ultrafast phonon‐driven charge transfer in van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Meneghini Giuseppe , Brem Samuel , Malic Ermin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVan der Waals heterostructures built by vertically stacked transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit a rich energy landscape, including interlayer and intervalley excitons. Recent experiments demonstrated an ultrafast charge transfer in TMD heterostructures. However, the nature of the charge transfer process has remained elusive. Based on a microscopic and material‐realistic exciton theory, we reveal that phonon‐mediated scattering via strongly hybridized intervalley excitons governs the charge transfer process that occurs on a sub‐100fs timescale. We track the time‐, momentum‐, and energy‐resolved relaxation dynamics of optically excited excitons and determine the temperature‐ and stacking‐dependent charge transfer time for different TMD bilayers. The provided insights present a major step in microscopic understanding of the technologically important charge transfer process in van der Waals heterostructures.Key Points
Microscopic and fully quantum‐mechanic model is developed to calculate exciton dynamics in van der Waals heterostructures
Charge transfer occurs on a femtosecond timescale and is a phonon‐mediated two‐step process
Strongly hybridized dark exciton states play a crucial role for the charge transfer
The reinforcing effect of lignin‐containing cellulose nanofibrils in the methacrylate composites produced by stereolithography
Authors: Feng Xinhao , Yang Zhaozhe , Wang Siqun , Wu Zhihui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLignin‐containing nanocellulose has been used as a potential reinforcement in the three‐dimensional (3D) printed materials due to its high aspect ratio and favorable compatibility with 3D printed polymer matrix. However, lignin‐containing cellulose nanocrystal (L‐CNC) only performed its reinforcement at elevated temperature during postcure process. This not only complicates the 3D printing process, but also increases the energy consumption of 3D printing. Therefore, in this study, we applied the lignin‐containing cellulose nanofibrils (L‐CNF) to reinforce the 3D printed methacrylate (MA) resin and the reinforcing mechanism of L‐CNF with a simple material process was investigated. Mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of the 3D printed composites were systematically analyzed. It was observed that the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D printed composites were enhanced with the addition of L‐CNF due to its distinguished characters of surfacial‐coated lignin and high aspect ratio, which increase the mechanical interaction between L‐CNF and MA matrix.
UV‐induced degradation of high‐efficiency silicon PV modules with different cell architectures
Authors: Sinha Archana , Qian Jiadong , Moffitt Stephanie L. , Hurst Katherine , Terwilliger Kent , Miller David C. , Schelhas Laura T. , Hacke Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDegradation from ultraviolet (UV) radiation has become prevalent in the front of solar cells due to the introduction of UV‐transmitting encapsulants in photovoltaic (PV) module construction. Here, we examine UV‐induced degradation (UVID) in various commercial, unencapsulated crystalline silicon cell technologies, including bifacial silicon heterojunction (HJ), interdigitated back contact (IBC), passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC), and passivated emitter rear totally diffused (PERT) solar cells. We performed UV exposure tests using UVA‐340 fluorescent lamps at 1.24 W·m−2 (at 340 nm) and 45°C through 4.02 MJ·m−2 (2000 h). Our results showed that modern cell architectures are more vulnerable to UVID, leading to a significant power decrease (−3.6% on average; −11.8% maximum) compared with the conventional aluminum back surface field (Al‐BSF) cells (<−1% on average). The power degradation is largely caused by the decrease in short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage. A greater power decrease is observed in bifacial cells with rear‐side exposure compared with those with front‐side exposure, indicating that the rear side is more susceptible to UV damage. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) confirmed an increase in hydrogen concentration near the Si/passivation interface in HJ and IBC cells after UV exposure; the excess of hydrogen could result in hydrogen‐induced degradation and subsequently cause higher recombination losses. Additionally, surface oxidation and hot‐carrier damage were identified in PERT cells. Using a spectral‐based analysis, we obtained an acceleration factor of 5× between unpackaged cells (containing a silicon nitride antireflective coating on the front) in the UV test and an encapsulated module (with the front glass and encapsulant blocking 90% of the UV at 294 nm and 353 nm, respectively) in outdoor conditions. From the analytical calculations, we show that a UV‐blocking encapsulant can reduce UV transmission in the module by an additional factor of ~50.
Lung ultrasound findings in asymptomatic healthy children with asthma
Authors: Marzook Noah , Gagnon Francois , Deragon Alexandre , Zielinski David , Shapiro Adam J. , Lands Larry C. , Dubrovsky Alexander S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to be an effective tool to rapidly diagnose certain causes of pediatric respiratory distress. However, very little is known about LUS findings in pediatric asthma.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to characterize LUS findings in a cohort of pediatric patients with a definitive diagnosis of asthma, outside of an asthma exacerbation.MethodsEligible patients, aged 6−17 years old and diagnosed with asthma, underwent LUS during an outpatient visit. LUS was conducted using a six‐zone scanning protocol. Presence of a LUS artifact was defined by one or more of the following: ≥3 B‐lines per intercostal space, pulmonary consolidation, and/or pleural abnormality. Images were interpreted by an expert sonographer blinded to patient clinical characteristics.ResultsFifty‐two patients were included. 10/52 (19.2%) patients demonstrated the presence of LUS artifacts: 8 with ≥3 B‐lines, 1 with consolidation >1 cm, and 7 with subpleural consolidations <1 cm, 1 with a pleural line abnormality. Artifacts were seen in the right anterior and lateral zones in 60% of participants and were limited to 1−2 intercostal space(s) within one lung zone in all participants. No association was found between presence of LUS artifacts and asthma control or severity.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report of LUS findings in outpatient pediatric asthma. LUS artifacts in asthmatic children can be seen outside of acute exacerbations. Such baseline findings need to be taken into consideration when using LUS for the acute evaluation of a pediatric patient with asthma.
Effect of Ingredients Ratio on the Friction Sensitivity and Burning Performances of Mg/Ba(NO3)2/Novolac Resin Pyrotechnic Compositions
Authors: Zare Akbar , Zhiani Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEach pyrotechnic composition has specific sensitivity such as electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity and friction sensitivity (FS), and it also has specific ignition performance, including luminous intensity (LI) and burning rate (BR). These parameters depend on the concentration of pyrotechnic composition ingredients. In this study, Mg/Ba(NO3)2/novolac resin compositions were prepared using different weight ratios (wt.%) of Mg, Ba(NO3)2, and novolac resin. Then, they were investigated by their FS, LI, and BR. The results showed that by increasing Ba(NO3)2 concentration from 33.76 to 84.54 wt.% Ba(NO3)2, the FS increases from 343 N to 65.5 N. However, the LI and BR of this composition increased by increasing Ba(NO3)2 concentration until a 3/1 stoichiometric ratio of Mg/Ba(NO3)2 (from 13086 to 20588 cd (candela) and 11.25 to 13.71 cm/s, respectively for 33.76 to 64.92 wt.% Ba(NO3)2) and decreased afterward (from 20488 to 53.24 cd and 13.71 to 6.45 cm/s, respectively). For Mg/Ba(NO3)2/novolac resin containing 3 to 12 wt.% novolac resin FS increased from 56 to above 360 N. LI and BR decreased from 20057 to 1203 cd and 17.3 to 1.2 cm/s, respectively. The stoichiometric ratio of Mg/Ba(NO3)2 has the highest enthalpy of reaction. Therefore, it can be concluded that it has the highest LI and BR.
Deciles‐based EWMA‐type sign charts for process dispersion
Authors: Godase Dadasaheb G. , Rakitzis Athanasios C. , Mahadik Shashibhushan B. , Khoo Michael B. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and study nonparametric exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts based on the sign statistic, which are suitable for detecting changes in process dispersion. The sign statistic is defined by using appropriate deciles of the in‐control process distribution. The statistical performances of the proposed charts are determined through Monte Carlo simulation. Practical guidelines are provided for the statistical designs of these charts. We evaluate the statistical performances of the proposed charts by comparing them with that of the deciles‐based CUSUM sign chart and the EWMA lnS2 chart. The comparisons show that the proposed charts are viable nonparametric methods for monitoring the process dispersion. Finally, we provide an illustrative example to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed charts in practice.
Quantum Biotechnology
Authors: Mauranyapin Nicolas P. , Terrasson Alex , Bowen Warwick P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantum technologies leverage the laws of quantum physics to achieve performance advantages in applications ranging from computing to communications and sensing. They have been proposed to have a range of applications in biological science. This includes better microscopes and biosensors, improved simulations of molecular processes, and new capabilities to control the behavior of biomolecules and chemical reactions. Quantum effects are also predicted, with much debate, to have functional benefits in biology, for instance, allowing more efficient energy transport and improving the rate of enzyme catalysis. Conversely, the robustness of biological systems to disorder from their environment has led to proposals to use them as components within quantum technologies, for instance as light sources for quantum communication systems. Together, this breadth of prospective applications at the interface of quantum and biological science suggests that quantum physics will play an important role in stimulating future biotechnological advances. This review aims to provide an overview of this emerging field of quantum biotechnology, introducing current capabilities, future prospects, and potential areas of impact. The review is written to be accessible to the non‐expert and focuses on the four key areas of quantum‐enabled sensing, quantum‐enabled imaging, quantum biomolecular control, and quantum effects in biology.
Online embedding and clustering of evolving data streams
Authors: Zubaroğlu Alaettin , Atalay Volkan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumber of connected devices is steadily increasing and this trend is expected to continue in the near future. Connected devices continuously generate data streams and the data streams may often be high dimensional and contain concept drift. Clustering is one of the most suitable methods for real‐time data stream processing, since clustering can be applied with less prior information about the data. Also, data embedding makes the visualization of high dimensional data possible and may simplify clustering process. There exist several data stream clustering algorithms in the literature; however, no data stream embedding method exists. Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a data embedding algorithm that is suitable to be applied on stationary (stable) data streams, though it cannot adapt concept drift. In this study, we describe a novel method EmCStream, to apply UMAP on evolving (nonstationary) data streams, to detect and adapt concept drift and to cluster embedded data instances using a distance or partitioning‐based clustering algorithm. We have evaluated EmCStream against the state‐of‐the‐art stream clustering algorithms using both synthetic and real data streams containing concept drift. EmCStream outperforms DenStream and CluStream, in terms of clustering quality, on both synthetic and real evolving data streams. Datasets and code of this study are available online athttps://gitlab.com/alaettinzubaroglu/emcstream.
General Practitioners' Explanation and Advice on Childhood Eczema and Factors Influencing Their Treatment Strategy: A Qualitative Study
Authors: van Halewijn Karlijn F. , Warendorff Tessa , Bohnen Arthur M. , Veen Mario , Pasmans Suzanne G. M. A. , Bindels Patrick J. E. , Elshout Gijs 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is common in children and the majority of children can be treated by the general practitioner (GP). Various factors can influence the GP's treatment strategy and may lead to less effective treatment. The objective is to gain insight into the treatment goal, treatment strategy, explanation and advice given by GPs when dealing with AD in children and to explore which factors play a role in the choice of pharmacological treatment.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews in primary care in the Netherlands were audio-recorded and transcribed. All data were analysed according to the six-steps approach of inductive thematic analysis.

Results
We interviewed 16 GPs. Treatment goals mainly focussed on the short term. GPs discussed the importance of emollient use and emphasised emollients as the basis of treatment. We found that several factors played a role in prescribing topical corticosteroids (TCS); severity of the AD, age of the child, skin type, corticophobia among parents and GPs, experience of side effects and dermatological experience. GPs reported giving limited advice about the use of TCS and prescribed medication that is not recommended by the guideline.

Conclusion
Various factors seem to influence GPs' treatment strategy for AD in children. More attention and education about the use and safety of TCS in children during GP training, continuous medical education, probably improve treatment in line with guidelines and can lead to more confidence and knowledge about TCS among GPs, which ultimately may improve the education and self-management of patients.
Associations Between Psoriatic Arthritis and Mental Health Among Patients with Psoriasis: A Replication and Extension Study Using the British Association of Dermatologists Biologics and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR)
Authors: Lada Georgia , Chinoy Hector , Talbot Peter S. , Warren Richard B. , Kleyn C. Elise ,   BADBIR Study Group
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite some evidence that psoriatic arthritis (PsA) may increase psychological burden in psoriasis, the mental health of this subpopulation is under-investigated.

Objectives
To investigate whether PsA is associated with higher depression and anxiety in moderate-to-severe psoriasis; explore whether pain mediates these associations; and estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated depression.

Methods
Baseline data from British Association of Dermatologists Biologic and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR) participants completing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were analysed.

Results
707 patients (n = 540 with psoriasis only; n = 167 with PsA) were included. Depression prevalence was higher in patients with than without PsA, when a HADS-depression subscale cut-off ≥8 was used (33% vs. 23%, adjusted Odds Ratio [OR] (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]) = 1.64 (1.09–2.45)), but did not differ using the HADS cut-off ≥ 11. Anxiety prevalence was higher among PsA patients, regardless of HADS cut-off (cut-off ≥11: adjusted OR (95% CI) = 1.62 (1.07–2.45)). Pain fully mediated the effect of PsA on depression and anxiety in psoriasis. 53.6% of participants identified as depressed did not have a known psychiatric disorder; two thirds of depressed participants were not treated.

Conclusions
PsA comorbidity in psoriasis is associated with higher anxiety; its association with depression appears to be robust when milder depressive syndromes are included, but less consistent for higher-threshold depression definitions. Depression remains unrecognized and untreated in over half of moderately-to-severe psoriasis patients. Routine depression and anxiety screening is recommended in psoriasis and PsA. PsA comorbidity may increase depression and anxiety in psoriasis through pain experience.
Human Endometrium‐Derived Adventitial Cell Spheroid‐Loaded Antimicrobial Microneedles for Uterine Regeneration
Authors: Li Shiyuan , Li Yifan , Yu Fei , Li Ning , Liu Chuanming , Mao Jialian , Sun Haixiang , Hu Yali , Zhu Yujuan , Zhou Min , Ding Lijun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAsherman's syndrome (AS) occurs as a consequence of severe damage to the endometrial basalis, usually leading to menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and recurrent miscarriage in women. Currently, human endometrium‐derived adventitial cells (En‐ADVs) are considered ideal seed cells with high pluripotency for regenerative medicine. However, critical issues such as noninvasive repair of tissues, targeting of native stem cells, and continuous action in the injured sites are not well resolved. Herein, En‐ADV spheroid‐loaded hierarchical microneedles (MN/En‐ADV) for in situ intrauterine repair are developed. The flexible microneedles are fabricated with gelatin methacryloyl and lactoferrin, imparting the characteristics of rapid degradation and antimicrobial activity. Benefiting from an array of microwells on microneedles, En‐ADVs can rapidly form 3D cell spheroids, which display higher potential for cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration than dissociated cells. With the application of MN/En‐ADV, the repaired uteri show well‐defined myometrial regeneration, angiogenesis, and an increase of endometrial receptivity in a rat AS model. Notably, embryos are able to implant in the reconstructed sites and remain viable, indicating that this system promotes the restoration of both normal morphology and reproductive function in the injured uterus. It is anticipated that multifunctional MN/En‐ADV can be an ideal candidate for versatile in situ tissue regeneration.
Barrett Esophagus: Quality of life and factors associated with illness perception
Authors: van der Ende‐van Loon Mirjam C. M. , Nieuwkerk Pythia T. , van Stiphout Stephan H. C. , Scheffer Robert C. H. , de Ridder Rogier J. J. , Pouw Roos E. , Alkhalaf Alaa , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Curvers Wouter L. , Schoon Erik J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealth‐related Quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE), a premalignant condition, may be influenced by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe aim to investigate HRQoL in non‐dysplastic Barrett Esophagus (NDBE) patients, identify factors associated with a negative illness perception of the diagnosis BE and compare outcomes between patients treated in a specialized BE center with non‐expert centers. In this multi‐center cross‐sectional study, HRQoL of NDBE patients were assessed using the Short Form 36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cancer worry Scale, and Reflux Disease Questionnaire. A multivariable, linear regression analysis was conducted to assess factors associated with illness perception (Illness perception scale) of the BE diagnosis. Outcome parameters of patients from expert centers were compared to non‐expert centers.ResultsA total of 859 NDBE patients (mean age 63.6% and 74.5% male), of which 640 from BE expert centers were included. BE patients scored similar or higher means (i.e. better) on generic HRQoL in comparison with a Dutch norm population. The multivariable regression model showed that cancer worry, GERD symptoms, signs of anxiety and depression, and female gender were associated with a negative illness perception of BE. GERD symptoms were reported in the minority (22.4%) of BE patients. Levels of anxiety symptoms were comparable to a Dutch norm population (mean 3.7 vs. 3.9 p 0.183) and lower for depression symptoms (mean 6.8 vs. 7.6 p < 0.001). Overall, there were no differences found on outcomes between expert centers and non‐expert centers.ConclusionNDBE patients scored similar or better on generic HRQoL, anxiety and depression than an age and gender matched norm population. The presence of cancer worry, gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety and depression, and female gender are factors associated with a negative illness perception of the diagnosis BE.