bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T1 bladder carcinoma with variant histology: pathological features and clinical significance
Authors: Lopez-Beltran Antonio , Blanca Ana , Cimadamore Alessia , Montironi Rodolfo , Luque Rafael J. , Volavšek Metka , Cheng Liang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract The aim of the study was to stratify high-grade T1 (HGT1) bladder urothelial carcinoma into risk categories based on the presence of variant histology when compared to conventional urothelial carcinoma. The clinicopathological features of 104 HGT1 cases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with variant histology present in 34 (37%) were assessed. The endpoint of the study was disease-free survival and cancer-specific survival. Overall, variant histology was identified as a significant predictor of disease-free survival (P = 0.035). The presence of any specific variant histology (squamous, glandular, micropapillary, nested, microcystic, inverted growth, villous-like, basaloid, and lymphoepithelioma-like) was identified as a significant predictor of disease-free survival (P = 0.008) and cancer-specific survival (P = 0.0001) in HGT1 bladder cancer. Therefore, our results support including micropapillary HGT1 urothelial carcinoma within the aggressive high-risk category, as suggested by some recent clinical guidelines, but also favor nested, glandular, and basaloid to be placed in the high-risk category due to their potential of aggressive, life-threatening behavior and their limited response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Conversely, the low-risk category would include urothelial carcinomas with squamous, inverted growth, or microcystic morphology, all with limited life-threatening potential and good response to current therapy. A very low-risk category would finally include patients whose tumors present villous-like or lymphoepithelioma-like morphology. In conclusion, our findings support the value of reporting the variant histology as a feature of variable aggressiveness in HGT1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
Prevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in fattening pigs and sows from intensive farms in northern Italy
Authors: Villa Luca , Gazzonis Alessia Libera , Allievi Carolina , Zanzani Sergio Aurelio , Mortarino Michele , Manfredi Maria Teresa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeospora caninum(Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) is a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle. In pigs, only a few studies investigated the effects of this parasite on reproductive efficiency. Considering the relevance of swine farms in northern Italian regions, an epidemiological survey was designed to investigate the spread ofN. caninuminfection. Three hundred seventy fattening pigs and sows from 23 intensive farms in Lombardy were sampled. Sera were analyzed by a commercial immunofluorescence antibody test. Statistical analysis through univariate and multivariate generalized linear models was conducted to detect farm management practices enhancing the risk of infection. At the farm level, 52.1% (12/23) of the selected farms, 72.7% housing sows and 40% fattening pigs, scored positive. At the individual level, 25 animals (25/370,P = 6.7%) were positive toN. caninumantibodies: one fattening pig and two sows showed an antibody titer of 1:100, and in two sows, an antibody titer of 1:400 and 1:6400 was evidenced. A higher seroprevalence was detected in sows (17/151,P = 11.2%) if compared to fattening pigs (8/219,P = 3.6%) (OR = 1.19,Pvalue = 0.000 in sows). Moreover, a higher seroprevalence was recorded in farms with low and moderate sanitary score (P = 100% andP = 64.2%, respectively) if compared to farms with high sanitary score (P = 22.2%) (OR = 1.24,Pvalue = 0.007 in score = 1 and OR = 1.10,Pvalue = 0.050 in score = 2). This study provides the first data on the circulation ofN. caninumin intensive swine farms in Italy, demonstrating the spread of the parasite in fattening pigs and sows in Lombardy region.
Quality of life of colorectal cancer survivors participating in a pilot randomized controlled trial of physical activity trackers and daily text messages
Authors: Chan Hilary , Van Loon Katherine , Kenfield Stacey A. , Chan June M. , Mitchell Emily , Zhang Li , Paciorek Alan , Joseph Galen , Laffan Angela , Atreya Chloe , Fukuoka Yoshimi , Miaskowski Christine , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Venook Alan P. , Van Blarigan Erin L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
There are over 1.3 million colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors in the USA, many of whom report lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) years after treatment. This study aimed to explore the effect of digital health tools on HRQoL in CRC survivors.

Methods
We conducted a two-arm, randomized controlled trial of 42 subjects who had completed treatment for CRC. Participants in the intervention arm received a Fitbit Flex™ and daily text messages for 12 weeks. HRQoL was assessed as a secondary endpoint in both arms at enrollment and 12 weeks using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey (SF-36) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Colorectal (FACT-C). Survey score changes from enrollment to 12 weeks were compared between the two arms using independent t tests, and scores at enrollment and 12 weeks were compared using paired t tests.

Results
An increase in the FACT-C functional well-being subscale was observed in individuals in the intervention arm pre- to post-intervention (median difference, 2; interquartile range (IQR), 1, 4; P = .02). Although the between-group comparison was not statistically significant, no change in the functional well-being subscale was observed in the control arm (median difference, 0; IQR, 1, 1; P = .71). No other measures of HRQoL appeared to differ within arm across time points or between arms.

Conclusion
A 12-week digital physical activity intervention may improve functional well-being among CRC survivors. Larger randomized studies are needed to determine if digital health tools improve functional well-being among CRC survivors and if this improvement can be sustained over time.

Trial registration
NCT02966054; registration date, November 17, 2016
The Jurassic meta-ophiolitic rocks of Cape Steno, Andros, Greece: a high-pressure/low-temperature mélange with Pelagonian affinity in the Cycladic Blueschist Unit?
Authors: Höhn Melina , Bröcker Michael , Berndt Jasper 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aims at clarifying the relationship between the Cape Steno mélange, southern Andros, and the main tectonic units of the Attic-Cycladic Crystalline Belt. Jurassic protolith ages and geochemical characteristics indicate a Pelagonian affinity and point to a correlative relationship with the Tsiknias Ophiolite on Tinos Island. However, jadeitites and high-Si phengite in the gneisses clearly indicate a high-pressure metamorphic overprint that is unknown from the Tsiknias outcrop and other occurrences of the Upper Cycladic Unit. A correlation with the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) is an obvious assumption, but initially seemed difficult to reconcile with the Cretaceous protolith ages of meta-ophiolitic rocks from the CBU and distinct geochemical characteristics of associated jadeitites. The Jurassic ages of the Cape Steno rock suite either document a broader spectrum of source rocks than previously known from the CBU, or the existence of a distinct tectonic unit. We assume that the geological and tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Cape Steno occurrence is similar to that of the Makrotantalon Unit of NW Andros, which represents a Pelagonian subunit in the nappe stack of the CBU, with abundant slices of serpentinites, rare meta-gabbro and a metamorphic history comprising both Cretaceous and Eocene HP/LT episodes.
Analysis of purple urine bag syndrome by low vacuum scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Abe Makoto , Furuichi Masahito , Ishimitsu Toshihiko , Tojo Akihiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is seen in the prolonged indwelling bladder catheters, and the mechanism of its onset was investigated using low vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM), which enables us to study the 3D structure of urinary sediments and urine bag walls. The urinary sediment and urine bags of 2 cases of PUBS were observed by LVSEM. The urine was brown turbid urine with a pH of 8.5, and magnesium phosphate stones and granules were observed in the urinary sediment together with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacilli. Bacteria that moved by Brownian motion were observed with a dark-field microscope. LVSEM showed granular crystals around the bacilli, cocci, or mycelium that adhered to the walls of the bag. Granular crystals were dissolved in chloroform and presumed to be a mixture of the bacterial metabolites indigo blue and indirubin red. LVSEM also detected unusual tubular and honeycomb-like graphene in the urinary sediments, which were derived from the inner layer of the silicon elastomer-coated rubber catheter. LVSEM revealed purple crystals produced by bacteria or fungi attached to the urine bag that caused PUBS.
Multiple divergent patterns in yellow-cedar growth driven by anthropogenic climate change
Authors: Comeau Vanessa M. , Daniels Lori D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe global rise in temperature and associated changes in climate have led to decline of forests around the globe, across multiple species and ecosystems. A particularly severe example of this is yellow-cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) decline along the coast of British Columbia and Alaska, where anthropogenic climate change has led to reduced insulating snowpack, leaving yellow-cedar roots vulnerable to thaw-freeze events, resulting in freezing damage to fine roots and water stress during the subsequent growing season. This includes abundant evidence of tree decline and mortality on the islands of Haida Gwaii. Yellow-cedar decline is complex, with the potential for freezing injury over multiple years and damage that can accumulate over time. We found trees in various stages of decline, from long dead to currently declining, and multiple growth patterns at each study site. We conducted a principal component analysis and identified patterns of divergent growth and divergent response to climate among yellow-cedars within the same stands, across all sites, including three distinct periods of an onset of growth decline (1960s, 1990s, 2000s). Yellow-cedars affected by decline were decreasing in growth and negatively associated with warmer drier winter conditions, whereas yellow-cedars not affected by decline were increasing in growth and positively associated with warmer growing season temperatures. The limiting factors for declining trees, warm dry winter conditions, are consistent with the hypothesis from the mainland that climate warming has led to root freezing. Our research highlights the need to consider multiple signals within a site that would be masked by a single site-level chronology. This is especially relevant within the context of forest decline, where stressors may have differing effects on individual trees.
Graphical abstract
Protective effects of Persea americana fruit and seed extracts against chemically induced liver cancer in rats by enhancing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic activities
Authors: Ahmed Osama M. , Fahim Hanaa I. , Mohamed Eman E. , Abdel-Moneim Adel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aims to explore the chemopreventive mechanisms of hydroethanolic extracts from avocado (Persea Americana) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Chemical induction of hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of DEN at 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) twice a week for a fortnight, followed by oral administration of 2AAF at 20 mg/kg b.w. four times a week for 3 weeks. Rats administered DEN/2AAF were orally treated with hydroethanolic extracts of avocado fruits and seeds at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. every other day for 20 weeks. Moreover, rats administered DEN/2AAF and treated with avocado extracts revealed a marked decrease in liver enzyme activities, total bilirubin levels, and elevated liver tumor markers, but revealed an increase in total protein and albumin levels. The hepatocytes with hyperchromatic and bile duct cystadenoma observed in the liver of rats administered DEN/2AAF were reduced due to treatment with avocado extracts. Furthermore, the treatments prevented the elevation of lipid peroxidation levels and ameliorated the lowered glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase activities, and glutathione content in the liver tissues. Also, antigen Ki-67, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor kappa-B expression levels were decreased, but of the suppressor proteins p53 and BAX levels were increased in the liver of rats administered DEN/2AAF and treated with avocado extracts. In conclusion, the current results demonstrated that avocado extracts could abate hepatocarcinogenesis in rats administered DEN/2AAF through activation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic properties.
An update of the prevalence of osteoporosis, fracture risk factors, and medication use among community-dwelling older adults: results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: McArthur Caitlin , Lee Ahreum , Alrob Hajar Abu , Adachi Jonathan D. , Giangregorio Lora , Griffith Lauren E. , Morin Suzanne , Thabane Lehana , Ioannidis George , Lee Justin , Leslie William D. , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Summary

The prevalence of self-reported and DXA-confirmed osteoporosis was 7.8% (males 2.2%; females 12.7%), and 3.6% (males 1.2%; females 5.9%), respectively. We found that most community-dwelling older adults at high fracture risk are not taking osteoporosis medication, particularly males. There is a major opportunity for improved primary fracture prevention in the community.

Purpose
To provide an up-to-date prevalence estimate of osteoporosis, fracture risk factors, fracture risk, and the proportion of older Canadians at high fracture risk who are not taking an osteoporosis medication.

Methods
We included Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) participants: a community-dwelling cohort aged 45 to 85 years who completed the baseline (2015) comprehensive interview and had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans (N = 30,097). We describe the age- and sex-stratified prevalence of (1) self-reported osteoporosis; (2) DXA-confirmed osteoporosis; (3) fracture risk factors and people who are at high risk (FRAX® major osteoporotic fracture probability ≥ 20%); and (4) people who are at high fracture risk not taking osteoporosis medications. Sampling weights, as defined by the CLSA, were applied.

Results
The mean age of participants was 70.0 (SD 10.3). Overall, 7.8% had self-reported osteoporosis (males 2.2%; females 12.7%) while 3.6% had DXA-confirmed osteoporosis (males 1.2%; females 5.9%), and 2.8% were at high fracture risk (males 0.3%; females 5.1%). Of people who had osteoporosis and were at high risk, 77.3% were not taking an osteoporosis medication (males 92.3%; females 76.8%).

Conclusions
Our study provides an up-to-date prevalence estimate of osteoporosis for community-dwelling older Canadians. We found that most community-dwelling older adults at high fracture risk are not taking an osteoporosis medication, particularly males. There is a major opportunity for improved primary fracture prevention in the community.
Predicting the upper stem diameters and volume of a tropical dominant tree species
Authors: Ulak Sunita , Ghimire Keshav , Gautam Rabindra , Bhandari Shes Kanta , Poudel Krishna Prasad , Timilsina Yajna Prasad , Pradhan Dhirendra , Subedi Thakur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPredicting upper stem diameters and individual tree volumes is important for product quantification and can provide important information for the sustainable management of forests of important commercial tree species (Shorea robusta) in Nepal. The aim of this study was to develop a taper equation for S. robusta. Fifty-four trees were selected and felled in the southern low land of Nepal. A mixed effect modelling approach was used to evaluate 17 different taper functions. ‘Leave-one-out cross-validation’ was used to validate the fitted taper functions. The variable exponent taper function best fitted our data and described more than 99% of the variation in upper stem diameters. Results also showed significant effects of stand density on tree taper. Individual tree volume prediction using the local volume model developed in this study was more accurate compared to the volume predicted through the taper function and existing volume model. The taper function developed in this study provides the benefit of predicting upper stem diameter and can be used for predicting volume to any merchantable height of individual trees. It will have implications in estimates of volume, biomass, and carbon and thus may be a potential supporting tool in carbon trade and revenue generation.
A review on predictive tortuosity models for composite films in gas barrier applications
Authors: Idris Alamin , Muntean Adrian , Mesic Beko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDifferent types of impermeable fillers are usually incorporated into polymeric coating film to enhance the gas barrier properties. For instance, impermeable fillers are commonly used in barrier coating due to their larger surface, which in turn serve as barrier inclusions restricting the penetrant gas to diffuse through a longer tortuous pathway. Modeling gas transport in barrier coating can help determine the shelf-life of packaged food and reduce product development resources and time. In this paper, related tortuosity-based models corresponding to different filler geometries are outlined. This review emphasizes the emerging trends in modeling the tortuous pathway and the respective relative permeability model to predict the gas barrier performance in composite films used for barrier coating applications. We review models incorporating a range of factors, including different shapes, geometries, angular orientations, alignments, randomness in distribution, stacking, interspacing, and the polydispersity of fillers. The approaches employed to develop the tortuosity-based phenomenological models starting with simplified filler geometry and orientations to more complex morphological features of the composite films are elaborated.
Modification of oncoplastic breast surgery with immediate volume replacement using a thoracodorsal adipofascial flap
Authors: Hirata Munetsugu , Toda Hiroko , Higo Naotomo , Shinden Yoshiaki , Ohtsuka Takao , Kijima Yuko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The treatment of early breast cancer using breast conservation therapy (BCT) commonly ensures local control and acceptable cosmetic results. We report a useful technique including the use of a thoracodorsal adipofascial cutaneous flap for reconstructing defects in the outer quadrant area after partial mastectomy, which achieved excellent results.

Methods
During the past 15 years, some modifications have been added to the original method at a rate of one modification every 2–5 years. We classified these modifications into the original method and four modified methods. Modification I: addition of a crescent-shaped dermis on the distant edge of the thoracodorsal adipofascial flap (TDAFF), Modification II: addition of a crescent-shaped dermis on the proximal edge of the TDAFF, Modification III: addition of inframammary formation plus Modification II, and Modification IV: change of a crescent-shaped dermis to a Benz-shaped (shaped like the Mercedes Benz logo) one plus Modification III. We compared the plastic period, postoperative complications, oncological results, and cosmetic results among the original and four modified groups.

Results
The patient number was 26, 9, 15, 23, and 10 in the original and Modification I, II, III, and IV groups, respectively. The median observation period was 115, 92, 67, 51, and 32 months, respectively. Postoperative complications were seen in 5 (19%), 0, 2 (13%), 1 (5%), and 0 patients, respectively. Local recurrence was seen in 3 (12%), 0, 0, 0, and 0 patients, respectively. Distant recurrence was seen in 1 (4%), 1 (11%), 3 (20%), 0, and 0 patients, respectively. Cosmetic results evaluated as good–excellent were seen in 19 (73%), 5 (56%), 11 (73%), 19 (83%), and 10 (100%) patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Oncoplastic surgery using an immediate volume replacement technique with a thoracodorsal adipofascial flap was improved by adding some modifications.
Performance and accuracy assessments of an incompressible fluid solver coupled with a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Ajuria Illarramendi Ekhi , Bauerheim Michaël , Cuenot Bénédicte 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The resolution of the Poisson equation is usually one of the most computationally intensive steps for incompressible fluid solvers. Lately, DeepLearning, and especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has been introduced to solve this equation, leading to significant inference time reduction at the cost of a lack of guarantee on the accuracy of the solution.This drawback might lead to inaccuracies, potentially unstable simulations and prevent performing fair assessments of the CNN speedup for different network architectures. To circumvent this issue, a hybrid strategy is developed, which couples a CNN with a traditional iterative solver to ensure a user-defined accuracy level. The CNN hybrid method is tested on two flow cases: (a) the flow around a 2D cylinder and (b) the variable-density plumes with and without obstacles (both 2D and 3D), demonstrating remarkable generalization capabilities, ensuring both the accuracy and stability of the simulations. The error distribution of the predictions using several network architectures is further investigated in the plume test case. The introduced hybrid strategy allows a systematic evaluation of the CNN performance at the same accuracy level for various network architectures. In particular, the importance of incorporating multiple scales in the network architecture is demonstrated, since improving both the accuracy and the inference performance compared with feedforward CNN architectures. Thus, in addition to the pure networks’ performance evaluation, this study has also led to numerous guidelines and results on how to build neural networks and computational strategies to predict unsteady flows with both accuracy and stability requirements.
Sam's Cottonfield Blues
Authors: Span Christopher M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis History of Education Society Presidential Address primarily utilizes evocative autoethnography and narrative inquiry to convey its main points. It is written in the storytelling tradition of the African American past and analyzes the lives of three generations of Black Mississippians as they navigated life in Jim Crow Mississippi. It highlights the impact and legacy the cotton economy had on the life opportunities of these Black Mississippians, and how the cumulative stories they shared within the family directly shaped the educational pursuits and outcomes of a present-day descendant.
Mercer's Belles and Sarmiento's Teachers: Female Pedagogues within Two Transcontinental Emigration Projects of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Fernandez Greene Vanessa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSituating the endeavors of Asa Shinn Mercer and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento within the broader settler colonial histories of the US and Argentina, this study provides two cases in which men representing prominent settler groups in the Americas attempted to regulate via internal educational colonialism populations they considered divergent from the nations’ ideals. Both projects recruited women to serve as civilizing agents who would help align disparate groups with the desired standards of citizenship. The female participants, however, did not blindly conform to their leaders’ expectations of behavior, instead asserting their own will at key points during the projects’ execution. Examining the groups’ dynamics in tandem provides new examples of the gendered processes at play within the settler colonialist structures of two nineteenth-century American countries.