bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender equality models in the European Union
Authors: López-Martínez María , Riquelme Perea Prudencio José , de Maya Matallana Manuel 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the current situation of the European Union in terms of gender equality, researching the possible existence of models differentiated by groups of countries or conglomerates. For this, the indicator offered by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) has been used, which includes six dimensions: work, money, knowledge, time, power and health.Design/methodology/approachThe Gender Equality Index is compared with an alternative indicator that has been developed using the same dimensions but with a different methodology. Specifically, the DP2 distance measure has been applied, the use of which is common in studies focusing on well-being and quality of life. In addition, a cluster analysis has been carried out that allows classifying the EU member states and obtaining groupings of countries according to the proximity between them in terms of equality between men and women.FindingsThe results show that the most egalitarian countries are those of northern Europe, but without finding the typical north–south classification. Thus, in the group of the least equal are many eastern countries that have recently joined the EU, along with other southern countries that have been part of the EU since its creation, such as Italy. The classification of the countries resulting from applying one or the other methodology is not identical although there are hardly any significant changes. The groups obtained in the years for which information is available are also not altered, which reflects the structural nature of gender equality.Originality/valueThis paper shows a division into four groups of countries according to gender equality, using different indicators and methodologies. The typology of countries has hardly altered during the last decade.
Achieving superior performance in international markets: the roles of organizational agility and absorptive capacity
Authors: Cho Hyo Eun , Jeong Insik , Kim Eunmi , Cho Jinwan 
Published: June 2022

PurposeIn the era of Industry 4.0, international firms are required to respond to more complex and frequent changes in the global market. This study aims to explore the role of organizational agility as a key driver to generate superior performance in international markets in the era of technological transformation and how the degree of such impact is affected by the absorptive capacity of companies.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses the results of a survey targeting 228 Korean exporters to identify the link between organizational agility and business performance in the global market under different degrees of potential and achieved absorptive capacity in the Industry 4.0 era.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that companies with a high level of organizational agility outperform their counterparts in the global market. The data further revealed that realized absorptive capacity positively moderates the relationship between organizational agility and firm performance when it is achieved, whereas the moderating role of potential absorptive capacity is not significant.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the advancement of international business studies on organizational agility and Industry 4.0 by highlighting the implication of organizational agility on firm performance and the contingent role of absorptive capacity.
The impact of COVID-19 on refugee women’s entrepreneurship in Jordan
Authors: Abuhussein Tala 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to extend the current debate on refugee entrepreneurship in Jordan. It empirically investigates the impact of COVID-19 on refugee women’s entrepreneurship, highlighting their experiences, constraints and opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach
The study design is epistemologically grounded in the heuristic 8Ms extended gender-cognisant entrepreneurship framework. An interpretive qualitative approach was used involving 30 semi-structured interviews with refugee women entrepreneurs across Jordan, with manual thematic data analysis.

Findings
Some of the main opportunities available to refugee women were linked with high levels of resilience and push and pull factors. The constraints were mainly pandemic induced and included access to funds; mobility restrictions; access to business knowledge, training and online learning platforms; rising xenophobia and discrimination; exhaustion; and stress.

Practical implications
The study findings can be used by non-governmental organisations to support refugees in realising their full potential. They also provide practical insights into refugee women entrepreneurs’ lived experiences for better policymaking.

Originality/value
This empirical study contributes to the existing knowledge on refugee women entrepreneurs’ constraints and opportunities by presenting a sensitive, in-depth analysis of their current trends and dynamics in the context of Jordan. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to empirically test the extended 8Ms entrepreneurship model to capture the voices and shared experiences of Jordanian refugees.
Shariah vs non-shariah IPO underpricing: evidence from Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Hanafi Syafiq Mahmadah , Hanafi Mamduh M. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effect of shariah status on initial public offering (IPO) underpricing, long-term performance and relationship between short-term and long-term IPO performance, and attempt to gain an insight into the nature of shariah IPO underpricing: a signal or an overreaction.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses IPOs during 1990–2018 from Indonesia. This study uses clustered regressions to address clustering phenomenon in IPO. To investigate long-term performance, this study uses cumulative returns, cumulative abnormal returns and Fama–French three factor regressions. This study also runs cross-sectional regressions on the relationship between short and long-term performances.

Findings
This study finds that shariah status reduces lowers non-trading returns (return from offer to open prices), suggesting that shariah status may reduce information asymmetry and compensation. This study finds that both shariah and non-shariah IPOs underperform the benchmarks, with shariah IPOs underperform more. Further analysis shows a negative relationship between initial return and long-term performance for both shariah and non-shariah IPOs, whereas the negative relationship is stronger for shariah IPOs. The results indicate that shariah compliance help reduce information asymmetry; however, shariah compliance does not necessarily signal quality. Instead, shariah compliance seems to induce investor sentiment, resulting in underperformance and reversal patterns in the long run.

Research limitations/implications
The results have various implications. Issuers may use shariah screening to lower underpricing. Investors may manage their investment horizons to mitigate IPO underperformance. Future research is needed to understand the nature of short and long-term performance of shariah IPO across countries. The use of ex-ante shariah definition becomes our limitation. This study also does not use buy and hold return to investigate long-term performance.

Practical implications
The results have various implications. Issuers may use shariah screening to lower underpricing. The results show that sharia certification may play an important role in the IPO process. However, sharia status induces individual investors, leading to more overreaction in the long term. Thus, companies need to balance between sharia certification and overreaction in the long term. Investors may manage their investment horizons to mitigate IPO underperformance.

Originality/value
This paper extends studies on the effect of shariah status on IPO performance using Indonesia data. Using non-trading returns, this study provides sharper analysis on the underpricing study. This study shows that shariah status leads to an overreaction, instead of a signal for quality.
Identifying the role of alignment in developing innovation ecosystem: value co-creation between the focal firm and supplier
Authors: Huo Lisha , Shao Yunfei , Wang Simeng , Yan Wei 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study explores how firms develop innovation ecosystems through forming alliances with suppliers and the effects on innovation, economics and consumer welfare.Design/methodology/approachThis study develops two game theory models to compare supply chain structures with and without ecosystem alignment. (1) A single supplier provides components to two competing manufacturers (one innovative and one non-innovative). (2) An innovative manufacturer (focal firm) aligns with a supplier that also supplies components to a competing manufacturer.FindingsAn ecosystem construction strategy that alliances use to reconfigure coopetitive relationships and ecosystem alignment is identified. A manufacturer aligning with a supplier will strengthen the monopoly of the alignment, which is beneficial to both Allies but always harmful to the competitor. Interestingly, such an ecosystem construction strategy may be beneficial to future innovation, the industry and consumers.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings raise several topics that warrant further exploration. For example, scenarios with multiple suppliers were not considered. Furthermore, the implementation of regulatory measures to mitigate the harmful effects of alignment on innovation should be investigated.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a guide for enterprises seeking alignment and to the corresponding measures required to stimulate innovation within ecosystems. What’s more, the aligned firm should not always attempt to win the race but should instead take measures to encourage the competitor to share demand information.Originality/valueFirstly, most research on supply chain management has focused on its economic impacts. There is a lack of research on the influence of ecosystem alignment on the innovation incentives of firms. Furthermore, the literature still lacks evidence of how ecosystem construction strategies can increase consumer welfare. In the present study, the authors model a complex market structure that includes a competitor, which is becoming increasingly common in high-tech markets. Thirdly, this paper is one of the few that examines the impacts of market-structure changes on innovation incentives. Most importantly, this study extends the current literature by studying coopetition in the ecosystem context.
The hydrochorous dispersal of plant propagules in a giant river reservoir: Implications for restoration of riparian vegetation
Authors: Su Xiaolei , Wu Shan , Lind Lovisa , Cai Fu , Zeng Bo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The riparian vegetation of many rivers around the world is impacted by flow regulation for hydropower. Water levels behind dams are being raised to generate electric energy, forming river reservoirs. River regulation has a large impact on the riparian vegetation, which influences both the adjacent aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, the restoration of degraded riparian vegetation in river reservoirs has been of increasing research interest.

Propagules dispersed from connected tributaries via water (hydrochory) are considered a vital source for the recovery of riparian vegetation in regulated rivers. However, the hydrochorous dispersal of plant propagules in river reservoirs is unclear. We explored the dispersal distance and deposition patterns of hydrochorous propagule mimics in three tributaries that are regulated by the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China.

In eight out of nine release experiments, 95% of propagule mimics were found within 3 km downstream from the release points. Cumulative wind speed was the most important factor affecting the dispersal distance of propagule mimics in the TGR. However, the dispersal distance of propagule mimics was not significantly affected by water‐level variation and channel sinuosity. Variations in water level strongly affected the deposition pattern of propagule mimics, with only 6.6% of the propagule mimics stranding on the riparian zones under raised water level and 83.8% stranding under declined water levels. The majority of stranded propagule mimics were deposited at gentle slopes (0–20°).

Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that the majority of propagules that enter river reservoirs via water would be retained within the first few kilometres. Wind and water level variation are the main factors determining the dispersal distance and deposition pattern of propagules. Our findings have applications for riparian vegetation restoration in river reservoirs. The vegetation in steep riparian zones distant from free‐flowing tributaries should be the priority for restoration actions because these areas receive limited hydrochorous propagules. The plant biodiversity and hydrological connectivity of connected tributaries, which is an important propagule sources, should be protected. The seasonal dominant wind pattern should be considered when evaluating the importance of tributaries as the source of hydrochorous propagules for river reservoirs.
Oral fluid analysis to monitor recent exposure to synthetic cannabinoids in a high‐risk subpopulation
Authors: Pascali Jennifer P. , Dagoli Sara , Antonioni Maina , Facetti Olivia , Anzillotti Luca , Calò Luca , Affini Giuseppe Fertonato , Cantarelli Barbara , Cecchi Rossana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmong novel psychoactive substances, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) seem to have the widest diffusion in the population with no limitation to any particular demographic group. Information on drug consumption relies mostly on anonymized surveys and less on clinical or analytical data; notwithstanding, the huge efforts constantly made to enroll subjects to gather epidemiological data. In the present study, we collected 66 oral fluid samples from volunteers in a drug rehabilitation center in 2019 and early 2020. A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method previously developed and validated by our Unit was applied to detect SCRA (n = 10) in oral fluid. Results proved the presence of synthetic cannabinoids at a positivity rate of almost 20%, with detection frequency HU211(5/13) > UR144/JWH122 (3/13) > JWH019/JWH081/AM2201 (1/13). Concentrations were in the range < LOQ −0.36 ng/ml. Synthetic cannabinoids consumption had not been declared by any volunteer. This study enabled for the unprecedent detection of synthetic cannabinoids use in the territory of Parma (Italy) in a high‐risk subpopulation. The identified SCRA proved the persistence into the market of the “first‐generation” JWH family into the Italian territory and the marketing of relatively new ones (AM‐2201). Public health consequences represented by NPS consumption are still scarce; therefore, further studies are needed to understand the real diffusion in the population.
Determination of fentanyl and norfentanyl in cerumen in the setting of postmortem investigation
Authors: Mastrogianni Orthodoxia , Kevrekidis Dimitrios Phaedon , Brousa Evdokia , Orfanidis Amvrosios , Zagelidou Heleni , Raikos Nikolaos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCerumen is an emerging alternative biological matrix in the field of forensic toxicology. An ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry [UHPLC–MS/MS] method for the determination of fentanyl and norfentanyl in cerumen was developed and applied in a mixed drug toxicity fatal case. The method was found to be selective and sensitive (LOQ: 0.05 ng/mg for fentanyl and 0.02 ng/mg for norfentanyl), while validation included recovery, carryover, short‐term stability, matrix effect, accuracy, and precision (RSD%). Accuracy ranged from 83.1% to 103.5%, while intra‐ and inter‐day precision ranged from 8.6% to 13.1% and from 8.3% to 15.8%, respectively. Matrix effect experiments showed that matrix did not significantly affect signal intensity (82.3%–96.8%). Short‐term stability concerning sample extracts was found satisfactory. Fentanyl and norfentanyl were detected in cerumen at a concentration of 1.17 and 0.36 ng/mg respectively. The findings in cerumen corroborate the cause of death and suggest that cerumen is a potential specimen for detecting drugs of abuse in forensic cases.
The ‘Gothic Slum’: MPs and St Stephen's Cloister, Westminster, 1548–2017*
Authors: Smith Elizabeth Hallam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe history of St Stephen's cloister in the Palace of Westminster, a fragile and little‐known Tudor survival, exemplifies the long‐standing tensions between preserving parliament's built heritage and meeting its political and business needs. Adjacent to the old house of commons, it was long part of a grand house for the auditors of the exchequer but came under the control of the commons Speaker in 1794. In the 19th century it was restored twice, by James Wyatt in 1802–8, and after having survived the 1834 fire, by Charles Barry in 1850–2. By now uneasily situated in Charles Barry's vast new palace and no longer needed for domestic purposes, in 1852 it was deployed to meet the business needs of MPs. This use it has retained, even after two of its four walks were destroyed in 1940 and painstakingly reconstructed in 1950–1. The epithet ‘gothic slum’, coined in 1982 by Jack Straw MP for the exquisite lower oratory off the west cloister walk where he found his desk most inconveniently located, encapsulates the long‐standing tensions between the admirers and custodians of the fabric of the cloister and those who require proper space and facilities to discharge their official or parliamentary duties. In tracing the history and uses of the cloister since 1548 this article reveals the long‐standing impact of those unresolved tensions on the cloister's fabric, but suggests that the restoration and renewal programme might prompt a new approach to the use of this fragile and largely unknown survival of Westminster's past.
Inevitable Results and Political Myths? Ilford North's 1978 By‐Election*
Authors: Collinson Marc 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReductive and teleological ‘path to power’ myths continue to underpin explanations of Margaret Thatcher's first general election success. The by‐elections that eroded the Callaghan government's majority in the late 1970s, such as that at Ilford North in 1978, continue to be discussed as stepping stones to an inevitable victory, rather than acknowledged as examples of the fraught and uncertain realities of electoral politics. This article argues that they should be considered as part of a complicated historical process and reflected concurrent socio‐economic, cultural and political change. Such contests deserve to be understood on their own terms, with awareness of their unique peculiarities. In full media glare and an often carnival atmosphere, small, often ignored, constituencies momentarily captured the political zeitgeist and determined the national debate. Consequently, earlier interpretations of the contest that advocated the importance of media‐induced concerns over immigration and the National Front have distracted from the effectiveness of Conservative strategy that delivered a successful homecoming, rather than an overwhelming shock victory. By moving beyond contemporary political myths, it reconsiders the strength of Britain's political parties within a more historical context, which pointed to the depth of local Conservative support in Ilford North. Clear political strategy including well‐articulated appeals to specific voter groups and a well‐managed media maelstrom, allowed Margaret Thatcher's party to re‐establish its support among Ilford North's voters.
Effects of biochar on karst lime soil nutrients, soil microbial communities and physiology of Sichuan pepper plants
Authors: Mao Qiaozhi , He Binghui , Ma Ming , Wang Lina , Koike Takayoshi , Agathokleous Evgenios 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe effects of biochar on karstic lime soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial community diversity and plant physiology are poorly understood. To clarify these effects of biochar application, we applied biochar on the soil surface of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) stands. One year later, leaf gas exchange and chemicals as well as soil physicochemical properties and microbial community composition were assessed. Biochar significantly increased photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and total nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves, but it did not significantly affect total chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde. Total nitrogen and phosphorus as well as available phosphorus and potassium in the soil were significantly increased by biochar. However, soil pH, water content, bulk density, abundance of soil microbes (actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi and Gram negative and positive bacteria), and soil microbial community structure did not exhibit significant increases. Soil total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium positively correlated with the abundance of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. These results indicate that biochar enhanced main plant nutrients and improved gas exchange of pepper plants and physicochemical properties of karstic lime soil.
Chronic rectal anastomosis complications prior to ileostomy reversal: development of a pilot classification system and associated outcomes
Authors: Taylor Danielle , Faragher Ian G. , Master Mobin , Wang Stephanie , Chan Steven T. F. , Yeung Justin M. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundsA loop ileostomy may reduce the severity of acute anastomotic complications after low rectal resection, but some patients have persistent rectal anastomotic problems. No consensus exists for the management of patients with a chronic low rectal anastomosis complication and a loop ileostomy. There is need for a standard description of these anastomotic complications and to determine whether it is safe to reverse the ileostomy. This study proposes a classification of chronic rectal anastomotic complications and to report the correlation with successful restoration of rectal continuity.MethodsThis was a retrospective project from a prospectively maintained database at a single colorectal unit in a large tertiary hospital in Metropolitan Melbourne. Patients with rectal anastomotic complications following rectal cancer resections between March 2012 and October 2019 were included. A classification of chronic rectal anastomotic complication was developed by reviewing the interval assessments of the rectal anastomosis. The classification categories were correlated with outcomes after stoma closure.ResultsOf the 149 patients, 20 patients had an anastomotic complication identified during work up prior to loop ileostomy reversal. Eleven patients had an anastomotic stenosis and nine had an anastomotic defect. Eighteen patients were eligible for stomal closure. The majority (11/12) of patients with a Type 1 stenosis or defect had no rectal complications after stoma closure.ConclusionThe classification system helps to describe chronic rectal anastomotic abnormalities and guide management. Although these patients may be a challenge, many can undergo successful ileostomy reversal.