bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparison and Optimization Scheme of 35 kV Medium Voltage Power Cable Pipe Laying
Authors: Han Xiao , Liu Xiongjun , Di Hongjie , Jiang Yunpeng , Ni Sien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Based on the image method and superposition method, the calculation model of ampacity of 35kV Cable laid in power pipe is established. According to the model, the ampacity of 8-Circuit cable in different arrangement forms of power pipe is calculated, and the variation of ampacity under 6×4 arrangement, 4×6 arrangement, 3×8 arrangement and 2×12 arrangement is analyzed, thus the recommended arrangement form of power pipe based on ampacity maximization is proposed.
System Verification Scheme Based on an MCU
Authors: Liu Yulin , Huang Sufang , Wang Haining , Hou Yueliang , He Xianzhuan , Zhu Xinwei , Li Ting , Liu Xiaolu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to systematically verify the common functions of each peripheral of the chip, find out the problems in the process of chip design in time, and avoid mutual interference between the peripherals of the chip, it is very necessary to systematically verify the chip. The MCU involved in this verification scheme has three cores and several peripherals such as UART, SPI, USB, GMAC and DCMI. In this paper, the common functions of the peripherals of the MCU are verified systematically, and the verification methods of each peripheral are described in detail. The software of this scheme is layered and modular, and the verification system realized according to this scheme can be conveniently transplanted to different chips.
Visual Navigation Method for Carrier-based Aircraft Landing
Authors: Han Hao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Carrier landing of fixed-wing aircraft is the most difficult and challenging task in the aerial field. Precise and reliable landing systems are the key to carrier landing. Visual navigation has the advantages of high precision of the relative navigation. Hence, it has become a promising method for landing systems. However, tracking the targets continuously and extracting the coordinates of the targets accurately are challenges for visual navigation due to the complex environment and dramatic distance changes during carrier landing. Therefore, a visual navigation method utilizing an airborne medium-wave infrared camera to track four infrared targets installed on the carrier, which can operate in low visibility weather conditions, is presented in this article. A segmentation detection method was adopted for tracking the targets. The kernel correlation filter was used to detect the targets when the aircraft was far from the carrier stern, which could quickly track targets with relatively constant dimensions. A convolutional neural network classifier based on transfer learning was used to detect the targets when nearing the carrier, thereby reducing the risk of losing targets due to severe dimensional changes. Finally, the relative position and attitude information could be obtained by the POSIT (pose from orthography and scaling with iterations) pose estimation algorithm. On-vehicle experiments were performed, and the results verified the effectiveness of the method.
Research on Load Characteristic Data Clustering Based on Transfer Learning
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Zhenshu , Sun Jingyu , Zhong Xun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As power system informatization developed, the distribution network side has accumulated a lot of load data. As an effective data processing method, cluster analysis is helpful to mine the valuable information hidden in the load data and extract accurate load characteristics. In order to extract intuitive and effective load characteristics, a load characteristic data clustering method based on transfer learning is proposed, which deeply studies the problem of ignoring the data distribution difference between training set and testing set in the traditional clustering process. Case studies verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm.
Design and Simulation of Selective Short Circuit Protection System in AC Microgrid with Grid-connected Mode
Authors: Chen Bingbing , Liu Guofeng , Chen Jiankun , Mao Zhen , Ju Cheng , Chen Yong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The fast detection and accurate location on short-circuit faults has always been the research direction of AC microgrid fault protection. A short-circuit fault protection system for grid-connected AC microgrid is designed based on dsPIC33FJ32GP204 in this paper, which realizes the fast detection and regional location. The short-circuit fault simulation model is built on PSCAD, and all kinds of fault waveforms generated by simulation are imported into Proteus. The designed protection system is used to transform the wavelet energy spectrum of all kinds of fault waveforms generated by simulation, and then output the corresponding control signal to circuit breakers. Simulation results show that the control system can quickly perceive and accurately locate the microgrid short-circuit fault area and realize the output of selective protection signal.
Design and Application of Single-Arm Live Working Robot System on Transmission Line
Authors: Gu Su , Hu Kang , Liu Lanlan , Li Zhihui , Chen Zhiio , Qiao Mingming , Jiang Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The power transmission line live working robot walks on the power transmission line through wheels. The robot arm and its end tools carried by the robot body can assist or even replace the manual implementation of live inspection and operation of the power transmission line. It has important theoretical significance and practical application value for improving work efficiency and solving dangerous problems in the operation process. In this paper, a single-arm live working robot is designed and developed for a variety of maintenance tasks on transmission lines. At the same time, a method of autonomous end reconfiguration on transmission line is proposed, so as to automatically realize transmission line inspections and live operation. The robot physical model and the motion planning of the robot manipulator arm for the typical fittings maintenance operation are given. The physical prototype system of the live working robot is developed through the system integration design. Finally, related live working experiments were carried out on the simulation test line so as to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the single-arm live working robot realize the inspection operation of the power transmission line. The research in this article has important theoretical significance and practical application value for intelligent operation and maintenance management of transmission grids.
Optimization of Capacitor Voltage Control Strategy for MMC Sub-module
Authors: Hou Yunhai , Wang Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is widely studied and used because of its own advantages such as high output level number, low switching frequency and good waveform quality. The voltage equalization problem of sub-module capacitors is one of the key research directions of MMC. In the paper, a sorting method of inter-group comparison in two groups, called OF sorting method, is proposed first. The maximum time complexity of this method of sorting is N-1, but the use of this method is limited. Therefore, a new MMC hybrid sorting voltage equalization algorithm is proposed on this basis. This paper proposes a capacitor voltage equalization control strategy based on the combination of improved equalization sorting algorithm and improved insertion sorting algorithm, which reduces the computational effort by monitoring the sub-module capacitance voltage in real time, setting the dispersion index between sub-module voltages, and then controlling the opening and holding of the sorting module to reduce the number of elements to be ranked one by one. Finally, the MMC model is built in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that the improved equalization control strategy can effectively reduce the computational effort and reduce the switching frequency of sub-modules on the basis of better maintaining the capacitor voltage balance.
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Transient Reactive Power Support Capability of New Energy Stations Based on TOPSIS
Authors: Chang Xiao , Zhang Min , Zhao Junyi , Yang Chaoying , Liu Yang , Fan Rui , Guo Bingwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to effectively evaluate the reactive power support capability of new energy stations, an evaluation system is established with the high voltage ride through(HVRT) capability, low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability and reactive power support capability selected as the evaluation index. And then, a comprehensive evaluation method to effectively evaluate the transient reactive support capability of new energy stations is proposed in this paper. The weight of a single index was determined by the coefficient of variation method and then the comprehensive evaluation index was determined based on TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution). Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed evaluation method are verified by the measured data of a wind farm.
Study on Key Technical Schemes for Grid-connected Performance Testing of Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Lv Zhenhua , Li Qiang , Tang Weijia , Han Huachun , Yu Meng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Offshore has the characteristics of not occupying land, rich in wind power resources, and has the advantages of high utilization hours of power generation and suitable for large-scale development. It has become the key direction of global wind power development. It can be predicted that offshore wind energy will become a very important part of the global energy internet in the future. After 20 years of wind power operation experience and the wind power technology improvement, the business and operation environment of offshore wind power development is becoming more and more mature. As the wind turbines installation site extends from land to offshore and deep-sea areas, “large” wind turbines have become the trend of offshore wind turbines development in the future. With the large-capacity offshore wind turbine prototype of many wind turbine manufacturers in China coming off the production line and successfully put into operation in China’s coastal areas, offshore wind turbines above 6MW began to be put into commercial operation. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out relevant tests and inspections to improve the operation and grid connection performance of the unit. It is of great significance to master the operation characteristics and control methods of offshore wind turbine, qualitatively and quantitatively analyze its impact on power grid, study offshore wind power detection methods and develop relevant detection devices. Due to the differences of offshore environment, operation control and the particularity of offshore power transmission and collection mode, the onshore wind power test and detection ability can not adapt to the new changes and requirements of offshore wind energy test and detection.
Thermal Aging Analyses of a Gearbox oil Used for Wind Turbine Nacelles
Authors: Zhuang Chenhao , Zhang Yu , You Fei , Cheng Ziyan , Wang Zhengmin , Lin Guilin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The original gearbox oil (typed CALTEXMEROPA 320) used for wind turbine was heated for 96 h at 155.0 °C in air to simulate the thermal aging process. By thermogravimetry (TG) experiments in air, the thermal stability of the gearbox oil and the oil heated after 96 h were compared. The Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solutions (AKTS) tool was used to explore related thermal aging effect. The results demonstrate that the thermal decomposition processes of the gearbox oils can be divided into three stages, with major mass loss occurring in the second stage. The maximum mass loss rates are -12.0 %/min (0 h) and -13.0 %/min (96 h). The S value (combustibility index) of original gearbox oil (7.35) is higher than that of preheated oil for 96 h (6.70). The thermal aging curve of gearbox oil presents an inverted L-shape, the thermal aging rate is faster in the first week and then gradually slows down. Practically, the fire risk of gearbox oil in the initial application stage is the highest to induce a potential burning process in an unwanted high temperature (say, higher than 270.0 °C based on TG results) environment.
Simulation and Experimental Verification of Temperature Field for Square Lithium-ion Power Battery
Authors: Jin Biao , Fei Qiang , Wang Yanning , Wang Yingshun , Zou Wuyuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lithium-ion power battery will produce a large amount of heat during working process, which will lead to its temperature increase, and then has an important impact on the its performance and safety, enhance, in order to investigate temperature field change in the discharge process, its internal resistance experiment and temperature rise experiment under discharging rates were carried out to obtain the battery time-varying internal resistance and entropy heat coefficient. Based on heat production mechanism of lithium-ion battery, its temperature simulation under different discharging rates was carried out, and compared with the experiment. The results show that the simulation values of temperature change are in good agreement with the experiment, and the battery model can well simulate the temperature change of it, which has important guidance for the analysis of its temperature rise and the control of its thermal management process.
Technical Requirement Analysis of Regulation Characteristics of CSP Station with Heat Storage System
Authors: Fang Nengwei , Li Xiaoxue , Li Yunpeng , Li Yan , Li Yanmei , Ouyang Dejue , Tan Dong , Xin Ya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Using solar energy to generate thermal power is often called concentrating solar power (CSP), is a grid friendly clean energy utilization mode with unique development advantages. Large capacity heat storage system with relatively mature technology and low cost can be configured to ensure stable and controllable power generation. The method can be. Solar thermal power generation has become a strategic emerging industry supported by many countries around the world. Spain, the United States, India, South Africa and other countries have carried out commercial operation of power technology with solar thermal, and installed capacity is growing steadily. China has also given key support to CSP generation technology, which has been vigorously developed. As the most promising new energy technology, CSP generation from molten salt heat storage tower is one of the main technical approaches of CSP generation. The key is to store the absorbed solar heat through thermal storage materials and release it stably for a long time, so as to achieve continuous and stable power generation independent of solar radiation changes. Through analysis, this paper puts forward the key technology research and scheme of molten salt regenerative CSP generation system, promotes the research on the bidirectional relationship between CSP station and power grid, and realizes the innovation of renewable energy technology. Relevant research results and technical schemes can be popularized and applied in demonstration power stations, and can also be used for operation control of newly-built molten salt heat exchange and storage tower power stations in the future.
Experimental Study on Strength and Frost Return of Red Mud Unburned Brick
Authors: Jin Xueli , Wang Haifeng , Wang Jiawei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The comprehensive utilization of red mud had become a common problem in alumina industry. This paper presented a method for preparing red mud non burning cementitious material without frost return. The red mud from an aluminum oxide plant in Guizhou was used as the research object, and the effects of excitation time on compressive and flexural strength were investigated. The better compressive and flexural strength were obtained when the excitation time was 6h. The compressive strength were 15.62Mpa, 18.55Mpa and 15.6Mpa respectively, and the flexural strength were 2.86Mpa, 3.58Mpa and 3.54Mpa respectively when they were mainted for 7 days, 28 days and immersion for 24 hours, which met the strength requirements of MU15. The sodium in red mud was transformed into stable sodium aluminum hydroxysilicate Al3Na4(OH)(SiO4)3 phase finally, and the concentration of Na+ in the leaching solution extracted by horizontal shaking method was about 370mg/L, so it would not cause frost return to the non burning cementitious material. This study would open up a new way for the mass consumption of red mud.
Windows into the past: lake sediment phosphorus trajectories act as integrated archives of watershed disturbance legacies over centennial scales
Authors: Bhattacharya Ruchi , Lin Simon G M , Basu Nandita B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Historic land alterations and agricultural intensification have resulted in legacy phosphorus (P) accumulations within lakes and reservoirs. Internal loading from such legacy stores can be a major driver of future water quality degradation. Yet, little is known about the magnitude and spatial patterns of legacy P accumulation in lentic systems, and how watershed disturbance trajectories drive these patterns. Here, we used a meta-analysis of 113 paleolimnological studies across 124 lakes and four reservoirs (referred here on as lakes) in 20 countries to quantify the linkages between the 100 year trajectories of P concentrations in lake sediments, watershed inputs, and lake morphology. We find five distinct clusters for lake sediment P trajectories, with lakes in the developing and developed world showing distinctly different patterns. Lakes in the developed world (Europe and North America) with early agricultural intensification had the highest sediment P concentrations (1176–1628 mg kg−1), with a peak between the 1970–1980s and a decline since then, while lakes in the developing world, specifically China, documented monotonically increasing sediment P concentrations (857–1603 mg kg−1). Sediment P trajectories reflected watershed disturbance patterns and were driven by a combination of anthropogenic drivers (fertilizer input and population density) and lake morphology (watershed to lake area ratio). Specifically, we found the largest legacy accumulation rates to occur in shallow lakes experiencing long-term land-use disturbances. These links between land-use change and P accumulation in lentic systems can provide insights about inland water quality response and help to develop robust predictive models useful for resource managers and decision-makers.
Performance evaluation of four-wheel driving wheel tractor with diesel engine using biodiesel fuel
Authors: Sasmito D A , Mulyantara L T , Budiman A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Indonesian government is committed to increasing biodiesel usage as renewable energy by 23% of national energy consumption by 2025. Implementing the mandatory biodiesel program must be carried out sustainably to help reduce fossil energy consumption, reduce air pollution, and reduce the effect of greenhouse gases. The Ministry of Agriculture studied applying biodiesel from palm oil in agricultural machinery, especially four-wheeled tractors, to help implement agricultural mechanization in Indonesia. The research objective was to determine the effect of biodiesel on the performance of a four-wheeled tractor engine in several variations of the mixture to obtain the composition of biodiesel mixture that gave optimal engine performance. The experiment was conducted by testing the performance of a four-wheeled tractor engine on a laboratory scale referring to SNI 7146-2019, using biodiesel fuel with a mixture of B10 to B100 variations. The result showed that biodiesel affects the performance of a four-wheeled tractor engine. The efficiency of continuing engine power using biodiesel was the largest at B20 of 80.15% at the maximum governor and 80.97% at the standard PTO rotation of 540 rpm. The smallest power forwarding efficiency on the B100 was 76.12% at the maximum governor and 76.55% at 540 rpm PTO rotation. Biodiesel B20 provided the greatest maximum power of 23.55 kW, 44 kgf of torque, specific fuel consumption of 250.54 g/kW hours. At 540 rpm, PTO rotation produced a maximum power of 23.79 kW, 42 kgf of torque, the specific fuel consumption of 256.12 g/kW hours
Hydrodynamic study of internal circulation inside microreactor for transesterification process
Authors: a/l S Rae V R , Laziz A M , Shaari K Z K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Microreactors are important devices used in the field of process intensification. The use of microreactors offers several advantages, such as larger surface area to volume ratio, increasing mass and heat transfer rates, easy control of reagents and reactions, as well as easy scalability. The hydrodynamics within the microreactor produce several flow patterns, such as annular, parallel, and slug flow. Slug flow is of particular interest as it allows for greater mass transfer as mass transfer occurs not only at the interface but also within the internal circulations of the slug. The aim of this research was to investigate the formation of these internal circulations of these slugs under different parameters and how these internal circulations affect the mass transfer of the process. An inverted microscope was used to visualize the flow patterns of the internal circulation with the help of dye or small particles. The slug shape remains relatively unchanged at different catalyst concentrations, flowrates and oil-to-methanol ratios, and the internal circulations formed in the slugs remain fully formed regardless of the slug size. It can be said that process intensification of transesterification utilizing microreactor is a viable option and can be further improved with optimal parameters.
The effect of surfactant on the hydrolysis of coconut husk using cellulase and xylanase enzyme immobilized on chitosan magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Tiatira C , Hamzah A , Sangian H F , Widjaja A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of surfactant Tween 80 in the enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husks by using immobilized cellulase from Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, and immobilized xylanase. Surfactant is common to enhance the yield of sugar in enzymatic process. However, its application in immobilized enzymes has not been well investigated. Coconut husk is an abundant resource of cellulose that can be converted to reducing sugar which can be utilized to produce various products such as biofuel, lactic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, and leluvinic acid. Chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as a support in the immobilization process were prepared using the coprecipitation method to obtain particles separated by magnetic field. Cellulase and xylanase were immobilized on magnetic particles through covalent bond directly and with Glutaral dialdehyde (GDA) as cross-linker. The immobilized cellulase and xylanase along with Tween 80 surfactants were applied for the hydrolysis of NaOH pre-treated coconut husk at 55°C for 48 hours. The reducing sugar content were identified with DNS methods. In this study, the highest reducing sugar content obtained from cellulase from A niger, cellulase from T reesei and xylanase were 0.412 mg/ml, 0.532 mg/mL and 1.166 mg/mL, respectively. The concentration of Tween 80 that yielding highest sugar concentration for immobilized cellulase from A niger, cellulase from T reesei and xylanase were 2%, 1% and 2% (w/v), respectively.