bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data science for geoscience: Recent progress and future trends from the perspective of a data life cycle
Authors: Ma* Xiaogang 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTData science is receiving increased attention in a variety of geoscience disciplines and applications. Many successful data-driven geoscience discoveries have been reported recently, and the number of geoinformatics and data science sessions at many geoscience conferences has begun to increase. Across academia, industry, and government, there is strong interest in knowing more about current progress as well as the potential of data science for geoscience. To address that need, this paper provides a review from the perspective of a data life cycle. The key steps in the data life cycle include concept, collection, preprocessing, analysis, archive, distribution, discovery, and repurpose. Those subjects are intuitive and easy to follow even for geoscientists with very limited experience with cyberinfrastructure, statistics, and machine learning. The review includes two key parts. The first addresses the fundamental concepts and theoretical foundation of data science, and the second summarizes highlights and sharable experience from existing publications centered on each step in the data life cycle. At the end, a vision about the future trends of data science applications in geoscience is provided that includes discussion of open science, smart data, and the science of team science. We hope this review will be useful to data science practitioners in the geoscience community and will lead to more discussions on the best practices and future trends of data science for the geosciences.
Effect of prolonged microcirculation time after thrombectomy on the outcome of acute stroke
Authors: Ji Yachen , Shi Bin , Yuan Quan , Wu Kangfei , Fang Jia , Wang Hao , Miao Zhuang , Sun Yi , Huang Xianjun , Zhou Zhiming 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAlthough recanalization can be successful, microcirculatory dysfunction is common in acute large vessel occlusive stroke (LVOS). We assessed the microcirculation time by postprocessing software and analyzed its impact on prognosis in patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT).MethodsPatients with acute LVOS treated with MT were retrospectively enrolled consecutively. We measured the time to peak (TTP) and cerebral circulation time (CCT) in regions of interest on digital subtraction angiography using syngo iFlow software (Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany). A modified Rankin score ≤2 at 90 days was defined as a favorable outcome. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of each time parameter on prognosis. Then, we included time parameters in the baseline model to construct receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the predictive ability for prognosis.ResultsA total of 215 patients were finally included. Of them, 118 (54.9%) had a favourable outcome at 90 days. Multivariate analysis showed that the microvascular cerebral circulation time (mCCT) was significantly associated with poor outcomes (odds ratio (OR) 2.061, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.414 to 3.005 p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve was significantly enhanced by including mCCT in the baseline model (0.859 vs 0.829, p=0.016, DeLong test).ConclusionsThe mCCT immediately after recanalization is a powerful predictive factor for 90-day functional prognosis.
EAAI-22 Blue Sky Ideas in Artificial Intelligence Education from the AAAI/ACM SIGAI New and Future AI Educator Program
Authors: Guerzhoy Michael , Neumann Marion , Johnson* Emmanuel , Johnson David , Chai Henry , Garijo Daniel , Lyu Zhuoyue , MacLellan Christopher J. 
Published: November 2022

The 12th Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence (EAAI-22, cochaired by Michael Guerzhoy and Marion Neumann) continued the AAAI/ACM SIGAI New and Future AI Educator Program to support the training of early-career university faculty, secondary school faculty, and future educators (PhD candidates or postdocs who intend a career in academia). As part of the program, awardees were asked to address one of the following "blue sky" questions:
•How could/should AI courses incorporate AI Ethics into the curriculum?
•How could we teach AI topics at an early undergraduate or a secondary school level?
•AI has the potential for broad impact to numerous disciplines. How could we make AI education more interdisciplinary, specifically to benefit non-engineering fields?
•How should standard AI courses evolve?
•How could we leverage AI education to promote diversity in the field?
This paper is a collection of their responses, intended to help motivate discussion around these issues in AI education.
AI education matters
Authors: Register Yim , Tan Garcia Joseph William , Kaushal Nayan , Wilder Dev , Xu Xiaobing 
Published: November 2022

I always say to my students "you are going to be the future data science leaders of the world". Wherever they end up, I hope they apply critical (Cotter, 2020; Dasgupta & Hill, 2020) and human-centered (Xu, 2019) thinking to the AI decisions they make. As AI algorithms become ever more omnipresent in our lives - from newsfeed organization to product recommendations and beyond - it is our responsibility as educators to equip our students with the necessary tools to interrogate the impacts of AI technology. Luckily, there has been a large push for the integration of ethics into AI curricula. Whether this is in Model AI assignments (Furey & Martin, 2019) or entire conferences (such as FAccT), there is a demand for integrated and critical algorithmic literacies both in the classroom and outside of it.
As a social media researcher and AI educator, my work regularly contends with two pillars: Joy and Justice. In this article I intend to outline ways of integrating both play and critical interrogation into AI education, with examples from AI education scholarship (Druga, Vu, Likhith, & Qiu, 2019; Ko et al., 2020) as well as a light experience report highlighting student work. My students join me on this article as they are the main inspiration for innovative joy and justice practices!
Understanding and mitigating multi-sided exposure bias in recommender systems
Authors: Mansoury Masoud 
Published: November 2022

Masoud Mansoury is a postdoctoral researcher at Amsterdam Machine Learning Lab at University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. He is also a member of Discovery Lab collaborating with Data Science team at Elsevier Company in the area of recommender systems. Masoud received his PhD in Computer and Information Science from Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands, in 2021. He has published his research works in top conferences such as FAccT, RecSys, and CIKM. His research interests include recommender systems, algorithmic bias, and contextual bandits.
This research conducted by Masoud Mansoury investigated the impact of unfair recommendations on different actors in the system and proposed solutions to tackle the unfairness of recommendations. The solutions were a rating transformation technique that works as a pre-processing step before recommendation generation and a general graph-based solution that works as a post-processing approach after recommendation generation for mitigating the multi-sided exposure bias in the recommendation results. For evaluation, he introduced several metrics for measuring the exposure fairness for items and suppliers, and showed that the proposed metrics better capture the fairness properties in the recommendation results. Extensive experiments on different publicly-available datasets confirmed the superiority of the proposed solutions in improving the exposure fairness for items and suppliers.
Sympathetic Neural Overdrive, Aortic Stiffening, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Impaired Exercise Capacity in Severe COVID-19 Survivors: A Mid-Term Study of Cardiovascular Sequelae
Authors: Faria Diego , Moll-Bernardes Renata J. , Testa Laura , Moniz Camila M.V. , Rodrigues Erika C. , Rodrigues Amanda G. , Araujo Amanda , Alves Maria J.N.N. , Ono Bruna E. , Izaias João E. , Salemi Vera M.C. , Jordão Camila P. , Amaro-Vicente Graziela , Rondon Maria U.P.B. , Ludwig Katelyn R. , Craighead Daniel H. , Rossman Matthew J. , Consolim-Colombo Fernanda M. , De Angelis Katia , Irigoyen Maria C.C. , Seals Douglas R. , Negrão Carlos E. , Sales Allan R.K. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
COVID-19 has become a dramatic health problem during this century. In addition to high mortality rate, COVID-19 survivors are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases 1-year after infection. Explanations for these manifestations are still unclear but can involve a constellation of biological alterations. We hypothesized that COVID-19 survivors compared with controls exhibit sympathetic overdrive, vascular dysfunction, cardiac morpho-functional changes, impaired exercise capacity, and increased oxidative stress.

Methods:
Nineteen severe COVID-19 survivors and 19 well-matched controls completed the study. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and blood flow (Doppler-Ultrasound), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (Complior), cardiac morpho-functional parameters (echocardiography), peak oxygen uptake (cardiopulmonary exercise testing), and oxidative stress were measured ~3 months after hospital discharge. Complementary experiments were conducted on human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured with plasma samples from subjects.

Results:
Muscle sympathetic nerve activity and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were greater and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, brachial artery blood flow, E/e′ ratio, and peak oxygen uptake were lower in COVID-19 survivors than in controls. COVID-19 survivors had lower circulating antioxidant markers compared with controls, but there were no differences in plasma-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells nitric oxide production and reactive oxygen species bioactivity. Diminished peak oxygen uptake was associated with sympathetic overdrive, vascular dysfunction, and reduced diastolic function in COVID-19 survivors.

Conclusions:
Our study revealed that COVID-19 survivors have sympathetic overactivation, vascular dysfunction, cardiac morpho-functional changes, and reduced exercise capacity. These findings indicate the need for further investigation to determine whether these manifestations are persistent longer-term and their impact on the cardiovascular health of COVID-19 survivors.
Physical Activity Is Inversely Associated With Severe Intracranial Stenosis in Stroke-Free Participants of NOMAS
Authors: Yang Dixon , Liu Minghua , Willey Joshua Z. , Khasiyev Farid , Tom Sarah E. , Rundek Tatjana , Cheung Ying K. , Wright Clinton B. , Sacco Ralph L. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Gutierrez Jose 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Although protective in secondary stroke prevention of intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS), it is uncertain if the benefits of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) extend to asymptomatic ICAS or extracranial carotid stenosis (ECAS). Therefore, we sought to determine LTPA’s relationship with ECAS and ICAS in a stroke-free, race-ethnically diverse cohort.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included participants from the magnetic resonance imaging substudy of the Northern Manhattan Study, of whom 1274 had LTPA assessments at enrollment. LTPA was represented continuously as metabolic equivalent score (MET-score) and ordinally as model-based cluster analysis (LTPA-cluster), both based on the same LTPA assessments. We evaluated ECAS sonographically using carotid intima-media thickening and number of carotid plaques. ICAS was assessed with time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiograph and defined as ≥50% or ≥70% stenosis. We applied regression analyses to evaluate the association between LTPA with ECAS and ICAS, adjusting for confounders.

Results:
Of 1274 included participants (mean age 71±9 years; 60% women; 65% Hispanic), the mean MET-score was 10±16 and 60% were in a LTPA-cluster with any activity. Among those with carotid ultrasound (n=1234), the mean carotid intima-media thickening was 0.97±0.09 mm, and 56% of participants had at least one carotid plaque identified. Among those with magnetic resonance angiograph (n=1211), 8% had ≥50% ICAS and 5% had ≥70% ICAS. For ICAS, MET-score was associated with ≥70% ICAS (adjusted odds ratio per unit increase in MET-score [95% CI, 0.97 [0.94–0.99]) but not with ECAS measures (carotid intima-media thickening, adjusted β-estimate per unit increase in MET-score [95% CI], 0.002 [−0.003 to 0.006] or number of plaques, adjusted β-estimate [95% CI], 0.0001 [−0.0001 to 0.0003]). Substituting MET-score with LTPA-clusters replicated the association between ≥70% ICAS and LTPA (adjusted odds ratio per each increased LTPA-cluster [95% CI], 0.83 [0.70–0.99]).

Conclusions:
In this diverse stroke-free population, we found LTPA most strongly associated with asymptomatic ≥70% ICAS. Given the high-risk nature of ≥70% ICAS, these findings may emphasize the role of LTPA in people at risk for ICAS.
Prognostic Role of Hemispherical Functional Connectivity in Stroke: A Study via Graph Theory Versus Coherence of Electroencephalography Rhythms
Authors: Vecchio Fabrizio , Pappalettera Chiara , Miraglia Francesca , Deinite Gregorio , Manenti Rosa , Judica Elda , Caliandro Pietro , Rossini Paolo Maria 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The objective of the present study is to explore whether acute stroke may result in changes in brain network architecture by electroencephalography functional coupling analysis and graph theory.

Methods:
Ninety acute stroke patients and 110 healthy subjects were enrolled in different clinical centers in Rome, Italy, starting from 2013, and for each one electroencephalographies were recorded within <15 days from stroke onset. All patients were clinically evaluated through National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel Index, and Action Research Arm Test in the acute stage and during the follow-up. Functional connectivity was assessed using Total Coherence and Small World (SW) by comparing the affected and the unaffected hemisphere between groups (Stroke versus Healthy). Correlations between connectivity and poststroke recovery scores have been carried out.

Results:

In stroke patients, network hemispheric asymmetry, in terms of Total Coherence, was mainly detected in the affected hemisphere with lower values in Delta, Theta, Alpha1, and Alpha2 (
P
=0.000001), whereas the unaffected hemisphere showed lower Total Coherence only in Delta and Theta (
P
=0.000001). SW revealed a significant difference only in the affected hemisphere in all electroencephalography bands (lower SW in Delta (
P
=0.000003), Theta (
P
=0.000003), Alpha1 (
P
=0.000203), and Alpha2 (
P
=0.028) and higher SW in Beta2 (
P
=0.000002) and Gamma (
P
=0.000002)). We also found significant correlations between SW and improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (Theta SW: r=−0.2808), Barthel Index (Delta SW: r=0.3692; Theta SW: r=0.3844, Beta2 SW: r=−0.3589; Gamma SW: r=−04948), and Action Research Arm Test (Beta2 SW: r=−0.4274; Gamma SW: r=−0.4370).

Conclusions:
These findings demonstrated changes in global functional connectivity and in the balance of network segregation and integration induced by acute stroke. The findings on the correlations between clinical outcome(s) and poststroke network architecture indicate the possibility to identify a predictive index of recovery useful to address and personalize the rehabilitation program.
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Longitudinal Assessment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Deferoxamine Treatment at 3T in a Mouse Model
Authors: Lai Joseph H.C. , Liu Jiaxin , Yang Tian , Huang Jianpan , Liu Yang , Chen Zilin , Lee Youngjin , Leung Gilberto K.K. , Chan Kannie W.Y. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Noninvasive imaging of molecular alterations after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) could provide valuable information to guide and monitor treatments. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated promises in identifying proliferation, necrosis, and changes in cellularity in brain tumors. Here, we applied CEST magnetic resonance imaging to monitor molecular changes in hematoma without and with treatment noninvasively over 2 weeks at 3T using endogenous contrast.

Methods:
CEST contrast related to proteins at 3.5 ppm (amide proton transfer) and proteins/lipids at −3.5 ppm (relayed nuclear overhauser effect [rNOE]) were examined over 14 days in a collagenase-induced ICH mouse model. Imaging findings were validated with immunohistochemistry based on the ICH neuropathology. We also examined iron-containing phantoms that mimicked iron concentrations in hematoma to ensure the iron will not attenuate the CEST contrast during disease progression. Based on the validity of the CEST contrast of hematoma, we further examined related molecular alterations under iron-chelation treatment with deferoxamine.

Results:

We observed the temporal and spatial differences of CEST contrasts between rNOE at −3.5 ppm and amide proton transfer at 3.5 ppm, in which the core and perihematoma could be identified by rNOE on day 3 and day 14, and amide proton transfer on day 1, day 7, and day 14. Moreover, we observed a 25.7% significant reduction (
P
<0.05) of rNOE contrast after deferoxamine treatment to the ICH mice on day 3, which was not observable in amide proton transfer contrast. Our histology data indicated that rNOE primarily correlated with the myelin pathology, and amide proton transfer could reflect the cellularity increase at hematoma up to day 7.

Conclusions:
Significant rNOE changes correlated well with histologic findings, especially myelin lipids, and regional characteristics in hematoma indicate the uniqueness of CEST magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring molecular changes during ICH and treatment.
Greening China’s Belt and Road Initiative: From Norm Localization to Norm Subsidiarity?
Authors: Sun Yixian , Yu Bowen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
From 2015, China began to promote eco-sustainability in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) through not only vision statements but also specific guidelines and governance initiatives. What has driven these policy changes? Bringing together theories of norm localization, norm subsidiarity, and policy deliberation, we argue that China’s move toward green BRI began as a norm localization process where environmental norms emerged in the open policy space created by China’s top leaders carrying the ambition to make the BRI a new global governance model. After adopting a broad norm on environmental stewardship, state bureaucracies found opportunities to create procedural and operational rules. A novel procedural rule-making methodology emphasizing inclusive dialogue with host countries has emerged, driven by top leaders’ pursuit of international leadership and preexisting local norms guiding South–South cooperation. With operational rules, different actors follow their preferences to localize existing international standards or develop new ones.
ℓ
2
-Relaxation: With Applications to Forecast Combination and Portfolio Analysis
Authors: Shi Zhentao , Su Liangjun , Xie Tian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We propose ℓ2-relaxation, which is a novel convex optimization problem, to tackle a forecast combination with many forecasts or a minimum variance portfolio with many assets. ℓ2-relaxation minimizes the squared Euclidean norm of the weight vector subject to a set of relaxed linear inequalities to balance the bias and variance. It delivers optimality with approximately equal within-group weights when latent block equicorrelation patterns dominate the high-dimensional sample variance-covariance matrix of the individual forecast errors or the assets. Its wide applicability is highlighted in three real data examples in microeconomics, macroeconomics, and finance.
Market Access, Trade Costs, and Technology Adoption: Evidence from Northern Tanzania
Authors: Aggarwal Shilpa , Giera Brian , Jeong Dahyeon , Robinson Jonathan , Spearot Alan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We collect data on prices, travel costs, and farmer decisions to quantify market access for chemical fertilizer and its impact on agricultural productivity in 1,180 villages in Northern Tanzania. Villages at the bottom of the travel cost-adjusted input price distribution face 40%–55% less favorable prices than those at the top. A standard deviation increase in village-level remoteness is associated with 20%–25% lower input adoption. A spatial model of input adoption conservatively estimates that total trade costs are 4 times pecuniary travel costs. Counterfactuals suggest that halving travel costs would more than double adoption and reduce the adoption-remoteness gradient by 63%.
Praxis of Reform: The Politics of Zaytūna Student Housing in Colonial Tunis
Authors: Weideman Julian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article expands the category of “reform” to encompass a key area of urban infrastructure in colonial Tunis—the housing for students at the Zaytūna Mosque-University. Focusing on the French protectorate in Tunisia (1881–1956), I use documents from the Tunisian National Archives to frame housing as an intra-Zaytūna matter from which French officials withdrew during the interwar period. The housing sector saw Zaytūna students mobilize against their own professors, including prominent reformist intellectuals, who used evictions and other disciplinary tactics to manage and police students. This social history clarifies the praxis of reform, a topic usually studied in terms of intellectual history.
Redescription and molecular characterisation of Panagrolaimus labiatus (Kreis, 1929) Andrássy, 1960 (Rhabditida, Panagrolaimidae) from India and proposal of P. burdwanensis Chaturvedi & Khera, 1979 as a junior synonym of P. labiatus
Authors: Yadav Kajol , Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Abolafia Joaquín , Machado Ricardo A.R. , Wani Shaheen Majeed , Chaubey Ashok Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Two populations of bacterial-feeding nematodes belonging to the genus Panagrolaimus were recovered from infected slugs collected from gardens, agricultural areas and nurseries of the Baghpat district (India). Initial morphological characterisation of these populations show that they resemble Panagrolaimus labiatus from China and Bulgaria, P. burdwanensis from India, and P. cf. labiatus from Iran. To clarify taxonomical affiliations, we morphologically compared these two new populations to those recovered from China, Bulgaria, India and Iran. In addition, we sequenced several taxonomically relevant genes and used them to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships. Our results show that the two Indian populations do not significantly differ morphologically from the specimens used to describe the species P. labiatus, and also do not differ among them. We only observed small variations in the size of males and females. In addition, morphologically, the nematodes used to describe P. burdwanensis are very similar to the nematodes used to describe P. labiatus and to the two populations described in this study. Therefore, we propose P. burdwanensis as a junior synonym of P. labiatus and that the two populations recovered from India belong to the P. labiatus species. Phylogenetic analyses using the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences support our morphological conclusions. Our study therefore provides a detailed morphological description and molecular marker 18S and 28S gene sequences that can support future taxonomical studies of this species and highlights the importance of using both molecular and morphological data for the proper description of soil microfauna.