bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Venom-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Following Hump-Nosed Pit Viper (Genus: Hypnale) Bites: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Rathnayaka R.M.M.K. Namal , Nishanthi Ranathunga P.E. Anusha , Kularatne S.A.M. , Sugathadasa Kalpana 
Published: October 2022

Introduction —Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which is the triad of acute kidney injury (AKI), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), and thrombocytopenia, is a rare complication of snakebites, and in Sri Lanka, it is commonly seen with hump-nosed pit viper (HNPV) bites. Methods —We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with AKI caused by HNPV bites in Teaching Hospital, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka for 6 y, commencing in June 2015. Some patients with TMA underwent therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and some did not. These 2 groups were compared. Statistical analysis was carried out using Minitab 18.1. Data were presented as median (IQR). Results —There were 52 (8%) patients with TMA, of whom 21 (45%) were in the TPE group and 26 (55%) were in the non-TPE group. TPE improved time to platelet correction (4 d [IQR, 4–5 d] vs 7 d [IQR, 5–9 d]; P=0.009), time to MAHA correction (5 d [IQR, 3–4 d] vs 7 d [IQR, 6–9 d]; P=0.004), time to prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) correction (1 d [IQR, 1–2 d] vs 3 d [IQR, 3–4 d]; P=0.003), and time to 20 min whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) correction (2 d [IQR, 1–2 d] vs 3 d [1QR 2–3 d]; P=0.020). Renal recovery was predicted by TPE ( P=0.048) and highest creatinine level ( P=0.001). There was no association between TPE and dialysis dependency at discharge ( P=0.597), length of hospital stay ( P=0.220), and the number of dialysis cycles prior to discharge ( P=0.540). TPE did not improve the number of blood transfusions (5 packs [IQR, 3–8.5 packs] vs 4 packs [IQR, 0–9 packs]; P=0.290). Conclusions —TPE is effective for TMA in the early correction of platelet counts, MAHA, PT/INR, and WBCT20 in HNPV bites.
Use of leading practices in US hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs
Authors: Stenehjem Edward A. , Braun Barbara I. , Chitavi Salome O. , Hyun David Y. , Schmaltz Stephen P. , Fakih Mohamad G. , Neuhauser Melinda M. , Davidson Lisa E. , Meyer Marc J. , Tamma Pranita D. , Dodds-Ashley Elizabeth S. , Baker David W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:To determine the proportion of hospitals that implemented 6 leading practices in their antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Design: Cross-sectional observational survey.Setting:Acute-care hospitals.Participants:ASP leaders.Methods:Advance letters and electronic questionnaires were initiated February 2020. Primary outcomes were percentage of hospitals that (1) implemented facility-specific treatment guidelines (FSTG); (2) performed interactive prospective audit and feedback (PAF) either face-to-face or by telephone; (3) optimized diagnostic testing; (4) measured antibiotic utilization; (5) measured C. difficile infection (CDI); and (6) measured adherence to FSTGs.Results:Of 948 hospitals invited, 288 (30.4%) completed the questionnaire. Among them, 82 (28.5%) had <99 beds, 162 (56.3%) had 100–399 beds, and 44 (15.2%) had ≥400+ beds. Also, 230 (79.9%) were healthcare system members. Moreover, 161 hospitals (54.8%) reported implementing FSTGs; 214 (72.4%) performed interactive PAF; 105 (34.9%) implemented procedures to optimize diagnostic testing; 235 (79.8%) measured antibiotic utilization; 258 (88.2%) measured CDI; and 110 (37.1%) measured FSTG adherence. Small hospitals performed less interactive PAF (61.0%; P = .0018). Small and nonsystem hospitals were less likely to optimize diagnostic testing: 25.2% (P = .030) and 21.0% (P = .0077), respectively. Small hospitals were less likely to measure antibiotic utilization (67.8%; P = .0010) and CDI (80.3%; P = .0038). Nonsystem hospitals were less likely to implement FSTGs (34.3%; P < .001).Conclusions:Significant variation exists in the adoption of ASP leading practices. A minority of hospitals have taken action to optimize diagnostic testing and measure adherence to FSTGs. Additional efforts are needed to expand adoption of leading practices across all acute-care hospitals with the greatest need in smaller hospitals.
Understanding of turbulence modulation and particle response in a particle-laden jet from direct numerical simulations
Authors: Zhou Hua , Hawkes Evatt R. , Lau Timothy C.W. , Chin Rey , Nathan Graham J. , Wang Haiou 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Point-particle direct numerical simulations have been employed to quantify the turbulence modulation and particle responses in a turbulent particle-laden jet in the two-way coupled regime with an inlet Reynolds number based on bulk velocity and jet diameter

$({D_j})$

of ~10 000. The investigation focuses on three cases with inlet bulk Stokes numbers of 0.3, 1.4 and 11.2. Special care is taken to account for the particle–gas slip velocity and non-uniform particle concentrations at the nozzle outlet, enabling a reasonable prediction of particle velocity and concentration fields. Turbulence modulation is quantified by the variation of the gas-phase turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The presence of the particle phase is found to damp the gas-phase TKE in the near-field region within

$5{D_j}$

from the inlet but subsequently increases the TKE in the intermediate region of (5–20)Dj. An analysis of the gas-phase TKE transport equation reveals that the direct impact of the particle phase is to dissipate TKE via the particle-induced source term. However, the finite inertia of the particle phase affects the gas-phase velocity gradients, which indirectly affects the TKE production and dissipation, leading to the observed TKE attenuation and enhancement. Particle response to the gas-phase flow is quantified. Particles are found to exhibit notably stronger response to the gas-phase axial velocity than to the radial velocity. A new dimensionless figure is presented that collapses both the axial and radial components of the particle response as a function of the local Stokes number based on their respective integral length scales.
Chinese Nationalism: Insights and Opportunities for Comparative Studies
Authors: Stroup David R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComparative studies of nationalism rarely incorporate China as a case in their observations. Despite the rise of nationalism in salience throughout Chinese society, studies of nationalism in China are frequently tagged as insularly focused and unsuitable for comparison. However, a survey of the literature in Chinese nationalism studies reveals that similar blind spots and limitations challenge studies of China with more general comparative research on nationalism. Given this parallelism in development, I argue that looking to observations of China provides scholars of nationalism with vital opportunities to expand and refine theory to include insights from a non-western, non-democratic case.
Enhanced Global Asset Pricing Factors
Authors: Zimmermann Lukas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article constructs and examines enhanced global return factors. I focus on three different enhancement approaches. First, I incorporate information about the covariance structure in the cross-section of stock returns. Second, I employ volatility-reducing techniques in the time series. Third, I exploit diversification benefits. I form six categorical factors by aggregating information from 214 characteristics. Further, I diversify across factors. The enhancement mechanisms are largely successful and when jointly applied increase the optimal Sharpe ratio on average by a factor of 1.96 compared to the traditional factors. My results point to the importance of employing efficient factors in asset pricing studies.
Carlos Fonseca and the Construction of Sandinismo in Nicaragua
Authors: Palmer Steven 
Published: October 2022

Ernesto “Che” Guevara hoy, Augusto Cesar Sandino ayer, marcan con heroismo la indispensable rota guerrillera que habra de conducir a los pueblos victimas del imperialismo a la posesión absoluta de sus propios destinos. Carlos FonsecaSandino, guerrillero proletarioCarlos Fonseca's unequivocal bracketing of Augusto Sandino's political project with that of Latin America's premier Marxist revolutionary would have shocked most readers when it was written in 1972. In this and other seminal essays, one of the three founders of Nicaragua's Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) formally integrated Sandino the historical figure into the ideology of their revolutionary struggle. Sandino had fought a six-year guerrilla war against the U.S. forces occupying Nicaragua between 1927 and 1933. His assassination in 1934 by Anastasio Somoza's henchmen ushered in a forty-five-year dynastic dictatorship by a succession of Somozas. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, until Fonseca died in combat against the Guardia Nacional in 1976, his writings guided the FSLN's resurrecting and reconstructing of the image of Sandino in order to reshape it into the dominant symbol of a powerful revolutionary ideology.
Deviations from a typical development of the cerebellum in youth are associated with psychopathology, executive functions and educational outcomes
Authors: Borges Marina S. , Hoffmann Maurício S. , Simioni André , Axelrud Luiza K. , Teixeira Danielle S. , Zugman André , Jackowski Andrea , Pan Pedro M. , Bressan Rodrigo A. , Parker Nadine , Germann Jurgen , Bado Patrícia P. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Milham Michael P. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Paim Rohde Luis Augusto , Constantino Miguel Eurípedes , Paus Tomas , Salum Giovanni A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding deviations from typical brain development is a promising approach to comprehend pathophysiology in childhood and adolescence. We investigated if cerebellar volumes different than expected for age and sex could predict psychopathology, executive functions and academic achievement.MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 6–17 years from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions had their cerebellar volume estimated using Multiple Automatically Generated Templates from T1-weighted images at baseline (n = 677) and at 3-year follow-up (n = 447). Outcomes were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist and standardized measures of executive functions and school achievement. Models of typically developing cerebellum were based on a subsample not exposed to risk factors and without mental-health conditions (n = 216). Deviations from this model were constructed for the remaining individuals (n = 461) and standardized variation from age and sex trajectory model was used to predict outcomes in cross-sectional, longitudinal and mediation analyses.ResultsCerebellar volumes higher than expected for age and sex were associated with lower externalizing specific factor and higher executive functions. In a longitudinal analysis, deviations from typical development at baseline predicted inhibitory control at follow-up, and cerebellar deviation changes from baseline to follow-up predicted changes in reading and writing abilities. The association between deviations in cerebellar volume and academic achievement was mediated by inhibitory control.ConclusionsDeviations in the cerebellar typical development are associated with outcomes in youth that have long-lasting consequences. This study highlights both the potential of typical developing models and the important role of the cerebellum in mental health, cognition and education.
Differences in chromatic noise suppression of luminance contrast discrimination in young and elderly people
Authors: Brito Rosa Maria Guimarães , Sousa Bruna Rafaela Silva , Miquilini Letícia , Goulart Paulo Roney Kilpp , Costa Marcelo Fernandes , Ventura Dora Fix , Cortes Maria Izabel Tentes , Souza Givago Silva 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aging causes impairment of contrast sensitivity and chromatic discrimination, leading to changes in the perceptual interactions between color and luminance information. We aimed to investigate the influence of chromatic noise on luminance contrast thresholds in young and older adults. Forty participants were divided equally into Young (29.6 ± 6.3-year-old) and Elderly Groups (57.8 ± 6.6-year-old). They performed a luminance contrast discrimination task in the presence of chromatic noise maskers using a mosaic stimulus in a mosaic background. Four chromatic noise masking protocols were applied (protan, deutan, tritan, and no-noise protocols). We found that luminance contrast thresholds were significantly elevated by the addition of chromatic noise in both age groups (P < 0.05). In the Elderly group, but not the younger group, thresholds obtained in the tritan protocol were lower than those obtained from protan and deutan protocols (P < 0.05). For all protocols, the luminance contrast thresholds of elderly participants were higher than in young people (P < 0.01). Tritan chromatic noise was less effective in inhibiting luminance discrimination in elderly participants.
Greenhouse gases mitigation: global externalities and short-termism
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Giovanni , Minooei Fard Behnaz , Semmler Willi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolicies designed to control greenhouse gases imply domestic tradeoffs and international externalities, which lead to both domestic and international conflicts, influencing their feasibility and implementations. Our paper investigates two quantitative aspects within this debate. We intend to quantify the impact of: (a) the internalization of international externalities; and (b) the damage associated with a short-term view of climate policies. In this respect, we adopt the innovative (in this field) idea of model predictive control to formalize moving-horizon policy strategies and, thus, to build counterfactuals characterized by a different horizon for all policymakers.
Cloud service checklist for academic communities and customization for genome medical research
Authors: Kobayashi Kumiko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Tanjo Tomoya , Aida Kento 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present a cloud service checklist designed to help IT administrators or researchers in academic organizations select the most suitable cloud services. This checklist, which comprises items that we believe IT administrators or researchers in academic organizations should consider when they adopt cloud services, comprehensively covers the issues related to a variety of cloud services, including security, functionality, performance, and law. In response to the increasing demands for storage and computing resources in genome medical science communities, various guidelines for using resources operated by external organizations, such as cloud services, have been published by different academic funding agencies and the Japanese government. However, it is sometimes difficult to identify the checklist items that satisfy the genome medical science community’s guidelines, and some of these requirements are not included in the existing checklists. This issue provided our motivation for creating a cloud service checklist customized for genome medical research communities. The resulting customized checklist is designed to help researchers easily find information about the cloud services that satisfy the guidelines in genome medical science communities. Additionally, we explore whether many cloud service providers satisfy the requirements or checklist items in the cloud service checklist for genome medical research by evaluating their survey responses.
Emergent microrobotic oscillators via asymmetry-induced order
Authors: Yang Jing Fan , Berrueta Thomas A. , Brooks Allan M. , Liu Albert Tianxiang , Zhang Ge , Gonzalez-Medrano David , Yang Sungyun , Koman Volodymyr B. , Chvykov Pavel , LeMar Lexy N. , Miskin Marc Z. , Murphey Todd D. , Strano Michael S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpontaneous oscillations on the order of several hertz are the drivers of many crucial processes in nature. From bacterial swimming to mammal gaits, converting static energy inputs into slowly oscillating power is key to the autonomy of organisms across scales. However, the fabrication of slow micrometre-scale oscillators remains a major roadblock towards fully-autonomous microrobots. Here, we study a low-frequency oscillator that emerges from a collective of active microparticles at the air-liquid interface of a hydrogen peroxide drop. Their interactions transduce ambient chemical energy into periodic mechanical motion and on-board electrical currents. Surprisingly, these oscillations persist at larger ensemble sizes only when a particle with modified reactivity is added to intentionally break permutation symmetry. We explain such emergent order through the discovery of a thermodynamic mechanism for asymmetry-induced order. The on-board power harvested from the stabilised oscillations enables the use of electronic components, which we demonstrate by cyclically and synchronously driving a microrobotic arm. This work highlights a new strategy for achieving low-frequency oscillations at the microscale, paving the way for future microrobotic autonomy.
Structural and functional analysis of EntV reveals a 12 amino acid fragment protective against fungal infections
Authors: Cruz Melissa R. , Cristy Shane , Guha Shantanu , De Cesare Giuseppe Buda , Evdokimova Elena , Sanchez Hiram , Borek Dominika , Miramón Pedro , Yano Junko , Fidel Paul L. , Savchenko Alexei , Andes David R. , Stogios Peter J. , Lorenz Michael C. , Garsin Danielle A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFungal pathogens are a continuing challenge due to few effective antifungals and a rise in resistance. In previous work, we described the inhibition of Candida albicans virulence following exposure to the 68 amino acid bacteriocin, EntV, secreted by Enterococcus faecalis. Here, to optimize EntV as a potential therapeutic and better understand its antifungal features, an X-ray structure is obtained. The structure consists of six alpha helices enclosing a seventh 16 amino acid helix (α7). The individual helices are tested for antifungal activity using in vitro and nematode infection assays. Interestingly, α7 retains antifungal, but not antibacterial activity and is also effective against Candida auris and Cryptococcus neoformans. Further reduction of α7 to 12 amino acids retains full antifungal activity, and excellent efficacy is observed in rodent models of C. albicans oropharyngeal, systemic, and venous catheter infections. Together, these results showcase EntV-derived peptides as promising candidates for antifungal therapeutic development.
Mitochondrial network configuration influences sarcomere and myosin filament structure in striated muscles
Authors: Katti Prasanna , Hall Alexander S. , Parry Hailey A. , Ajayi Peter T. , Kim Yuho , Willingham T. Bradley , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Wen Han , Glancy Brian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSustained muscle contraction occurs through interactions between actin and myosin filaments within sarcomeres and requires a constant supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from nearby mitochondria. However, it remains unclear how different physical configurations between sarcomeres and mitochondria alter the energetic support for contractile function. Here, we show that sarcomere cross-sectional area (CSA) varies along its length in a cell type-dependent manner where the reduction in Z-disk CSA relative to the sarcomere center is closely coordinated with mitochondrial network configuration in flies, mice, and humans. Further, we find myosin filaments near the sarcomere periphery are curved relative to interior filaments with greater curvature for filaments near mitochondria compared to sarcoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we demonstrate variable myosin filament lattice spacing between filament ends and filament centers in a cell type-dependent manner. These data suggest both sarcomere structure and myofilament interactions are influenced by the location and orientation of mitochondria within muscle cells.
Allochthonous material originating from saprolite as a marker of termite activity in Ferralsols
Authors: Bruand Ary , Reatto Adriana , de Souza Martins Éder 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFerralsols, which are estimated to cover 7.5 millions km2worldwide, are deeply weathered red or yellow soils found in the humid tropics. They are considered as the end of a geochemical sequence of weathering and are dominated by low-activity clay and sesquioxides. Their physical properties are closely related to their strong submillimetric granular structure. We aimed to characterize the 2:1 clay minerals identified in many Ferralsols and to discuss them as a marker of soil-feeding termite activity in Ferralsols. We present results recorded with Brazilian Ferralsols developed under Cerrado native vegetation on a range of parent materials. It was found that the 2:1 minerals vary from weakly weathered muscovite to hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite, sometimes associated to a fine material with a chemical composition highly different from that of the groundmass of the surrounding submillimetric granular aggregates. Results show that both 2:1 minerals and the associated fine material have to be considered as allochthonous material originating from the saprolite and were brought to the Ferralsol by soil-feeding termite activity. This confirms the major role of termites in the properties of Ferralsols and raises questions about the possible consequences of land use change which usually deeply affects soil biodiversity.
Study on multi field coupling numerical simulation of nitrogen injection in goaf and fire-fighting technology
Authors: Wang Wei , Qi Yun , Liu Jiao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to effectively prevent the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf, taking the 10,101 fully mechanized top coal caving face of Baozigou coal mine as research object, the multi-field coupling numerical model of nitrogen injection in goaf is established. The FLUENT software is used to study the variation law of spontaneous combustion zone in goaf under dynamic mining of working face with different nitrogen injection parameters, determining the range of spontaneous combustion zone in stable stage. The fitting curve between nitrogen injection parameters and width of spontaneous combustion zone in goaf is obtained. Results show that with the increase of nitrogen injection depth from 10 to 60 m, the width of spontaneous combustion zone in goaf begins to decrease gradually, yet the width of spontaneous combustion zone tends to expand after more than 40 m. When the nitrogen injection location is 40 m, the spontaneous combustion zone width decreases from 49 to 22 m as the nitrogen injection volume increases from 500 to 1000 m3/h. Nitrogen injection continuously reduces the area of high temperature zone and temperature extreme value. When the nitrogen injection parameter is set to (40 m–1000 m3/h), temperature extreme value decreases by 308.85 K compared with that without nitrogen injection. When the nitrogen injection parameter is (40 m–690 m3/h), it can meet the inert cooling requirements of goaf. The width of spontaneous combustion zone is 31 m and the temperature extreme value is 309.95 K at the moment. Finally, engineering application of the fire prevention technology combining shot-off loss wind and nitrogen injection is used to test effect of spontaneous combustion prevention and verify accuracy of nitrogen injection simulation. CO concentration at the measuring point 1, 3 and 5 are reduced to 0 × 10−3‰, 2 × 10−3‰ and 1.2 × 10−3‰, and temperature are reduced to 295.15 K, 296.15 K and 295.65 K respectively. It shows that the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf has been successfully controlled.