bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipating the occurrence and type of critical transitions
Authors: Grziwotz Florian , Chang Chen-Wei , Dakos Vasilis , Nes Egbert Van , Schwarzländer Markus , Kamps Oliver , Hessler Martin , Tokuda Isao , Telschow Arndt , Hsieh Chih-hao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A critical transition can occur in many real-world systems and the ability to forecast the occurrence of transition is of major interest in a range of contexts. Various early warning signals (EWS) have been developed to anticipate a critical transition or distinguish types of transitions. However, there is no effective method to establish practical thresholds indicating the condition when a critical transition is most likely to occur. Here, we introduce a powerful EWS, named Dynamical Eigen-Value (DEV), rooted in bifurcation theory of dynamical systems, that estimates the dominant eigen-value of the system. Theoretically, the absolute value of DEV approaches 1 when the system approaches bifurcation, whereas its position in the complex plane indicates the type of transition. We demonstrate the efficacy of the DEV approach in model systems with known bifurcation types and in addition we test the DEV approach on various critical transitions in real-world systems.
An Ecophysiological Assessment of Extinction Risk from Climate Change of the lizard Barisia imbricata (Squamata: Anguidae).
Authors: Estrada Natalia Fierro , Cruz Fausto Roberto Méndez de la , Miles Donald B. , Valdes Oswaldo Téllez , Sinervo Barry 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges for ectotherms due to their dependence on environmental temperature. Extirpation of populations of lizards have already been reported, including endemic species occurring in the mountains of Central México. Here, we characterize the thermal ecology of a montane, viviparous lizard species, Barisia imbricata. In addition, we use thermal and physiological traits to predict the persistence of the species in face of climate change. We collected individuals from two populations at its lower and upper elevational limits, recorded field body temperature (Tb), operative environmental temperatures (Te), preferred body temperature (Tpref) and the thermal sensitivity of endurance. We calculated the hours of activity (ha) and hours of restriction (hr) using a mechanistic-ecophysiological model. We then applied a species distribution model that integrates core ecophysiological traits (Tb, Tpref, thermal performance breadth, optimal temperature for performance, critical thermal maximum and minimum) with climate variables to determine potential shifts in habitat occupancy. Finally, we used a mechanistic niche model that includes estimates of hr and ha to predict the probability of persistence of the species under three scenarios of climate change between now and by 2070. We found that B. imbricata has a broad performance breadth, which suggests it is a thermal generalist, and is capable of activity across a broad range of Te. The mechanistic-ecophysiological niche model predicts that B. imbricata faces serious distributional restrictions at low elevations, but populations at higher elevations should persist if the habitat remains intact.
Educational intervention program based on health belief model and neck pain prevention behaviors in school teachers in Tehran
Authors: Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Moradi Zohreh , Kazemi Seyedeh Somayeh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Prevention of musculoskeletal disorders as one of the most common occupational health problems among the working population in both developed and developing countries is an important necessity and priority. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) to increase awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy in adopting neck health-promoting behaviors in school teachers.Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental of the randomized clinical trial that was conducted for 6 months (December 2020 to July 2021). Participants were 146 junior high school teachers were selected from 26 schools through random sampling and divided into two groups of intervention and control. The data collection instrument was the self-design questionnaire and was completed in three points of time (before, immediately, and 3 months after the intervention). The data were analyzed by software version 24 SPSS. Results: The results showed that awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, and self-efficacy in adopting neck health-promoting behaviors in the intervention group increased in two points of time (immediately after the intervention and 3 months of follow-up) (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Designing and implementing an educational intervention based on HBM could affect in adopting neck health-promoting behaviors among teachers.Clinical Trial Code: IRCT20210301050542N1, 16/03/2021.first registration has been approved in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at (16/03/2021).
Evaluating the genetic relationship between spondyloarthritis and human plasma proteins: Linkage disequilibrium score regression
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Si Haibo , Zeng Yi , Wu Yuangang , Shen Bin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a kind of complex bone disease influenced by genetic factors, environment, and lifestyles. In recent years, the impact of human plasma proteins on the development of SpA has been reported. However, the genetic relationships between human plasma proteins and SpA have not systematically studied.Methods: The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary dataset of SpA was derived from a published study, involving a total of 452,264 White British individuals (3,966 SpA patients and 448,298 controls). The GWAS summary dataset for 3,622 human plasma proteins was derived from the published study. Consequently, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LD score regression) analysis was performed to evaluate the genetic correlations between each human plasma protein and SpA. The significant plasma proteins were further compared with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected by the mRNA expression profiles of SpA.Results: For LD score regression analysis, 5 kinds of human plasma proteins were found to be associated with SpA, such as Testis-specific chromodomain protein Y 1(rg =0.2973, P value=0.0439), Interleukin-17D (rg =0.3890, P value=0.0381), Neurensin-1(rg =0.3667, P value=0.0333), Trypsin-2(rg =0.3653, P value=0.0380), Serpin A9(rg =0.3746, P value=0.0424). Among them, IL-17D is the common gene identified for SpA both at protein level and gene expression level (P protein value=0.0006, P mRNA value=0.0381).Conclusions: We identified several SpA associated human plasma proteins. Our novel findings may provide new ideas for the future study of the genetic mechanism of SpA.
Association between Sexual Violence and Unintended Pregnancy among Married Women in Zambia
Authors: Kasonde Mwewa Elizabeth , Bwalya Bwalya Bupe , Nyirenda Elizabeth Tamara , Mapoma Chabila Christopher , Sikaluzwe Milika , Chimpinde Kafiswe , Songolo Gloria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Intimate partner violence against women is acknowledged as a worldwide public health issue. One of the outcomes of sexual violence is unintended pregnancy. In Zambia, 15% of married women age 15 to 49 had experienced sexual violence from their husband or partner. Since 1992, the prevalence of unintended pregnancies among women age 15 to 49 has risen to 38%. The link between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy in Zambia was investigated in this study.
Methods
The women's dataset from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey was used in this study. The study looked at a weighted sample size of 5,132 women age 15 to 49. Descriptive, chi-square, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regressions were used in the data analysis. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to establish the net effects of sexual violence and each explanatory variable on unintended pregnancy.
Results
The findings suggest that sexual violence does have a role in unintended pregnancies (AOR 1.74; 1.38–2.19). Contraception use is also a significant predictor of unintended pregnancy (AOR 1.48; 1.16–1.88), even when other characteristics are taken into account. Results have shown that if a woman had ever used contraception and had experienced sexual violence, she was more likely to have an unintended pregnancy.
Conclusion
Spousal sexual violence is highly associated with unintended pregnancies in Zambia. Addressing intimate partner sexual violence is among the ways to prevent unintended pregnancies. It is also important to sensitize on women reporting acts of sexual violence to relevant authorities as this will not only prevent reoccurrence of sexual violence but also reduce unintended pregnancies and associated long-term effects.
Hydroxyproline as a New Biomarker to Differentiate Osteoarthritis from Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Early Stages
Authors: Elbeialy Adel , Elabd Hemmat , Shahen Amira , Ibrahim Radwa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the most common inflammatory disorders of the musculoskeletal system which are defined by articular cartilage degradation and impairment of joint. When criteria and radiography are insufficient to diagnose early-stages of RA and OA to control disease course, biomarkers become necessary to early diagnosis these diseases.Objective: We searched the levels of (MMP3) and (HP) in the blood of early RA and OA patients in order to see if they can be utilized to distinguish the two diseases at an early stage.Patients and Methods: We recruited 1) forty patients who were diagnosed with early knee osteoarthritis using EULAR and Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading criteria, 2) forty patients with early RA (disease duration less than three years), and 3) forty control group consisted of normal volunteers who were age and sex matched. All subjects underwent a thorough medical history, clinical musculoskeletal examination, and laboratory tests, including the determination of blood MMP3 and HP. We did also a simple x-ray of their hands and knee joints.Results: Comparing groups, we found a highly significant increase in serum MMP3 in OA patients than RA patients and control groups. MMP3 was also significantly higher in RA patients than in the control group. While, OA patients had significantly higher HP than RA patients and control groups, whereas RA patients and control groups had no significant difference in HP.Conclusion: Hydroxyproline rather than MMP3 may be employed as a potential biomarker for early differentiation between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Multi-objective Optimization of WEDM Parameters on Mg-HNT-Zr Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite using Taguchi coupled GRA
Authors: Anandan Jayaganthan , Prakash K Soorya , Jino L. , Manoj E. , Jacob Ashwin , Suthan S. Arockia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current research deals on Taguchi coupled grey relational analysis (GRA) multi-objective optimization of Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) for better surface roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR) over Magnesium/Halloysite Nano Tube/Zirconium (Mg/HNT/Zr) Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). Hybrid Composites are created through the powder metallurgy route by varying the weight percent of reinforcements HNT (5 & 10%) and Zr (0.5 & 1%) to the weight of the base material magnesium. Machining is carried out by varying the factors such as reinforcement’s weight percentage, pulse OFF time, pulse ON time, and wire feed (Wf) based on Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. The responses surface roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR) were studied through Taguchi coupled GRA to evaluate the optimized machining parameters. ANOVA results reveal the percentage contribution of certain factors over the machining of composites. The developed regression model proved that the predicted values are merely similar to the experimental values of MRR and Ra. The best parametric combinations obtained from optimization are inline as the minimum weight percentage of reinforcements, higher Pon, higher Wf, and the lowered Poff to attain the best rate of MRR during machining and for minimized surface roughness.
Hierarchy of Value Orientation and Beliefs in Climate Change Influencing the Farmer’s Extractive or Non-Extractive Behavior on the Farm: Intergenerational Perspectiv
Authors: Karami Roya 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Understanding the drivers of farmers’ extractive and non-extractive behavior regarding natural resources became increasingly important in the face of anthropogenic climatic change which is a major challenge of today world. Non extractive or adaptive uses of natural resources in the farm refers to crop diversification, soil and water conservation, less volumes of CO2 emissions. Extractive behavior in the farm is associated with digging deeper wells instead of using water optimally, using chemical fertilizers with more repetition and higher dosage instead of bio-fertilizers, carbon emission and as a result more climate change. To successfully respond to climate change using a cognitive hierarchy model influence of values on the belief and behavior has been assessed among farmers of Zanjan province. The results depicted that value orientations directly and through beliefs in climate change significantly elucidated 21 percent of variability in non-extractive behavior and 26 percent of extractive behavior variance. Further, we found an intergenerational difference in value orientations and behaviors. The recommendations have been presented to increase people's efforts to reduce their ecological footprint in the nature.
Whistler Waves As a Signature of Converging Magnetic Holes in Space Plasmas
Authors: Jiang Wence , Verscharen Daniel , Li Hui , Wang Chi , Klein Kristopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Magnetic holes are plasma structures that trap a large number of particles in a magnetic field that is weaker than the field in its surroundings. The unprecedented high time-resolution observations by NASA's Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) mission enable us to study the particle dynamics in magnetic holes in the Earth's magnetosheath in great detail. For the first time, we reveal the local generation mechanism of whistler waves by a Landau-resonant instability of electron beams in response to the large-scale evolution of a magnetic hole. As the magnetic hole converges, a pair of counter-streaming electron beams form near the hole's center as a consequence of the combined action of betatron and Fermi effects. The beams trigger the generation of slightly-oblique whistler waves. Our model is supported by a remarkable agreement between our observations and numerical predictions from the Arbitrary Linear Plasma Solver (ALPS). Our study shows that wave-particle interactions are fundamental to the evolution of magnetic holes in space and astrophysical plasmas.
A fast and simple protocol to anaesthesia in chicken embryos
Authors: Horr Mônica , Sommerfeld Simone , Silva Murilo V. , Fonseca Belchiolina B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Our goal was to evaluate different anaesthetic protocols in CEs using an easy inoculation route via a shell membrane (SM). For this, we adopted the heart rate by pulse and movement of the CE as a parameter of pain by assessing the vase in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) directly in the shell. CEs were distributed into the following groups: association of ketamine (5 mg/CE), midazolam (0.05 mg/CE), and morphine (0.15 mg/CE); ketamine (5 mg/CE) and xylazine (0.125 mg/CE); xylazine (0.0125 mg/CE) and morphine (0.15 mg/CE). In this experimental model, associations between different drugs decreased the pulse and the movement, indicating possible sedation. The best result was the association of ketamine (5 mg/CE), midazolam (0.05 mg/CE), and xylazine (0.125 mg/CE) or the association of ketamine (5 mg/CE) and xylazine (0.125 mg/CE). Therefore, we recommend these associations for use in embryos in the final third of embryonic development in experimental protocols and euthanasia.
Prevalence, pattern and risk factors for acute post-dialysis complications in sub-Saharan Africa: Experience from a single centre in north-central Nigeria
Authors: Olatise Olalekan Olayinka , Asaolu Stephen Olabode , Muoka Michael Obinna , Abdulkadir Shafa’atu , Asaolu Dolapo Dorcas , Olatise Thelma Adaku , Abiola Busayo Isaac 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Haemodialysis is a live-saving process for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that has saved millions of lives. Main problem: Like other interventional therapies, different complications are associated with it. We evaluated the prevalence, pattern and risk factors for post-dialysis complications in a centre in Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 1st November to 31st December, 2021 at the dialysis unit of Zenith Medical and Kidney Centre, Abuja, Nigeria. Every dialysis session done in patients that are conscious was included in the study. Post-dialysis complications were assessed and data were entered into and analysed with SPSS.Results: One hundred and eighty-six patients had 1380 sessions of dialysis in the period. The male-female ratio was 2.6:1 and the mean age was 49.71±15.08 years. Hypertension, diabetes, and glomerulonephritis was CKD aetiology for about 75% of the patients. The most prevalent complications were headache (5.9%) and weakness (4.1%), these were closely followed by body pain (3.8%), and hypertensive crisis (3.6%). Sessions carried out with HD machine and with neckline had significantly more complications. Overweight and HD machine sessions were risk factors for at least one post-dialysis complications (OR= 1.594, CI= 1.029 – 2.470, and OR= 2.234, CI= 1.595 – 3.129 respectively).Conclusion: While some of these complications are serious, most are mild and do not require interventions. It is important for health care professionals in dialysis units to pay attention to patients that are overweight and those that dialyze using the HD machines because of increased risk.
One-pot solution growth of 2D/3D perovskite crystalline lateral heterostructures
Authors: Yang Tiebin , Li Feng , Lin Chun-Ho , Guan Xinwei , Yao Yin , Yang Xudong , Wu Tom , Zheng Rongkun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Halide perovskites, due to their remarkable characteristics including high absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, superior carrier dynamics, as well as solution-processed procedures, have demonstrated huge potential in next-generation device applications. Creating perovskite heterostructures, featuring the spatial modulation of structural, electronic, and optical properties, is expected to further boost device performance and may even open up new realms; however, direct growth of mixed-dimensional lateral heterostructures remains a significant challenge. Here we present a one-pot solution synthesis of two-/three-dimensional (2D/3D) crystalline perovskite lateral heterostructures, leveraging on their different temperature-dependent solubilities. Various types of heterostructures are demonstrated with well-defined interfaces and negligible ion diffusion, exhibiting clear structural and optical modulations. The resultant photodiodes yield a low dark current less than 0.1 nA and a detectivity exceeding 1013 Jones (much higher than those made of 2D or 3D thin crystals). The facile growth of such lateral crystalline perovskite heterostructures underscores a significant advance and opens up new opportunities for advanced perovskite optoelectronics.
Post Occupancy Evaluation of Housing Reconstruction After Cyclone Sidr
Authors: Kamruzzaman Md. , Harun-Or-Rashid G. M. , Chakrabartty Mithun , Castro Juan Jose 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Post occupancy evaluation of housing reconstruction after a disaster is imperative for every nation that pushes ahead the idea of resilient housing, which is obligatory for the social, cultural, and economic growth of a society or a country. Cyclone SIDR is the most dreadful of all catastrophes that have struck Bangladesh and aftermath of this catastrophe, a number of donor organizations stepped up to help victims by providing housing solutions. The aim of this study is to effectiveness analysis of the housing reconstruction programs from planning and construction standpoints with a post occupancy framework. Based on three months of detailed field survey at the mostly devastated location of cyclone SIDR, Southkhali Union (small rural area) of Sarankhola Upazila (sub-district) of Bagerhat District, this research infers that the donor organizations didn’t pay much attention in terms of choice, need and decision-making role to provide reconstructed houses for the target beneficiaries. The study found that about 78% of the reconstructed houses hold dissatisfaction of the beneficiaries. As a result, people prompt to transform or modify 54% of the ‘Donor Driven’ houses according to their choice and need soon after completion of the project. Another 16% donor driven house remained abandoned and rest 8% demolished. On the other hand, owner driven houses are functionally perfect, affordable, use locally available natural materials with resilient planning and construction features which reduces disaster vulnerability and sustains for long time in comparison with donor driven houses.
Analysis of factors associated with acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis among people at risk for HIV based on Bayesian networks
Authors: Zhou Lingmi , Shi Wuxiang , Assanangkorchai Sawitri , Vichitkunakorn Panupong , Tang Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the acceptability of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and related influencing factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among female sex workers (FSW), people who inject drugs (PWID), and men who have sex with men (MSM) using respondent driven sampling. Factors influencing PrEP acceptability were estimated using multivariable logistic regression and Bayesian networks. The survey included 765 eligible participants. Overall, 33.5% and 25.3% showed moderate and high levels of PrEP acceptability, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed age, income, insurance, perceived utility, ease of use and risk of PrEP, perceived privacy in using PrEP, perceived comparative advantage of PrEP, and perceived image of PrEP user were associated with PrEP acceptability. The Bayesian network model showed perceived ease of use, perceived image as being health conscious, and perceived comparative advantage of PrEP over other methods concerning having sex whenever wanted were directly associated with acceptability of PrEP. If these three factors were at a high level, 74.6% of the participants would have a high level of acceptability of PrEP. By building complex models, Bayesian networks could identify the important factors associated with PrEP acceptability and provide inference based on prior probability of each factor.
Resilience and social change in the context of a drinking water crisis in Bouaké
Authors: Ouattara Zié Adama 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The populations of the commune of Bouaké, located in the north-central part of Côte d'Ivoire, experienced in 2018 a drinking water crisis following the drying up of the 'loka' dam operated by the Water Distribution Company of Côte d'Ivoire. This crisis lasted for about 6 months in most of the said locality. To curb it and avoid its corollary of health risks, collective, individual and institutional responses have been made. Using a retrospective and highly ethnographic approach, this research analyzes the resilience and social changes brought about by this crisis in the commune of Bouaké. The data used in this study comes from direct observation, image capture, field diaries and semi-structured interviews with institutional, health and community actors, local authorities and the population.